bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Inflammatory Synovial Fibroblast Phenotype by Metastasis‐Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 Long Noncoding RNA in Obese Patients With Osteoarthritis
Authors: Nanus Dominika E. , Wijesinghe Susanne N. , Pearson Mark J. , Hadjicharalambous Marina R. , Rosser Alex , Davis Edward T. , Lindsay Mark A. , Jones Simon W. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with the inflammatory phenotype of synovial fibroblasts from obese patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and to explore the expression and function of these lncRNAs.MethodsSynovium was collected from normal‐weight patients with hip fracture (non‐OA; n = 6) and from normal‐weight (n = 8) and obese (n = 8) patients with hip OA. Expression of RNA was determined by RNA‐sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Knockdown of lncRNA was performed using LNA‐based GapmeRs. Synovial fibroblast cytokine production was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSynovial fibroblasts from obese patients with OA secreted greater levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (mean ± SEM 162 ± 21 pg/ml; P < 0.001) and CXCL8 (262 ± 67 pg/ml; P < 0.05) compared to fibroblasts from normal‐weight patients with OA (IL‐6, 51 ± 4 pg/ml; CXCL8, 78 ± 11 pg/ml) or non‐OA patients (IL‐6, 35 ± 3 pg/ml; CXCL8, 56 ± 6 pg/ml) (n = 6 patients per group). RNA‐sequencing revealed that fibroblasts from obese OA patients exhibited an inflammatory transcriptome, with increased expression of proinflammatory messenger RNAs (mRNAs) as compared to that in fibroblasts from normal‐weight OA or non‐OA patients (>2‐fold change, P < 0.05; n = 4 patients per group). A total of 19 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between normal‐weight OA and non‐OA patient fibroblasts, and a further 19 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in fibroblasts from obese OA patients compared to normal‐weight OA patients (>2‐fold change, P < 0.05 for each), which included the lncRNA for metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1). MALAT1 was rapidly induced upon stimulation of OA synovial fibroblasts with proinflammatory cytokines, and was up‐regulated in the synovium from obese OA patients as compared to normal‐weight OA patients (1.6‐fold change, P < 0.001) or non‐OA patients (6‐fold change, P < 0.001). MALAT1 knockdown in OA synovial fibroblasts (n = 4 patients) decreased the levels of mRNA expression and protein secretion of CXCL8 (>1.5‐fold change, P < 0.01), whereas it increased expression of mRNAs for TRIM6 (>2‐fold change, P < 0.01), IL7R (<2‐fold change, P < 0.01), HIST1H1C (>1.5‐fold change, P < 0.001), and MAML3 (>1.5‐fold change, P < 0.001). In addition, MALAT1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts from obese patients with OA.ConclusionSynovial fibroblasts from obese patients with hip OA exhibit an inflammatory phenotype. MALAT1 lncRNA may mediate joint inflammation in obese OA patients.
Effects of small‐scale dynamo and compressibility on the Λ effect
Authors: Käpylä Petri J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Λ effect describes a rotation‐induced nondiffusive contribution to the Reynolds stress. It is commonly held responsible for maintaining the observed differential rotation of the Sun and other late‐type stars. Here, the sensitivity of the Λ effect to small‐scale magnetic fields and compressibility is studied by means of forced turbulence simulations either with anisotropic forcing in fully periodic cubes or in density‐stratified domains with isotropic forcing. Effects of small‐scale magnetic fields are studied in cases where the magnetic fields are self‐consistently generated by a small‐scale dynamo. The results show that small‐scale magnetic fields lead to a quenching of the Λ effect which is milder than in cases where also a large‐scale field is present. The effect of compressibility on the Λ effect is negligible in the range of Mach numbers from 0.015 to 0.8. Density stratification induces a marked anisotropy in the turbulence and a vertical Λ effect if the forcing scale is roughly two times larger than the density scale height.
Beyond Toxins: A Source‐to‐Treatment Strategy for Harmful Algal Blooms
Authors: Smith Stephanie A. 
Published: November 2019

Key TakeawaysWater treatment plant managers can benefit by going beyond conventional treatment techniques for effective HAB mitigation.Utilities can work with the community, agricultural partners, and other stakeholders to best manage source water inputs.Plant operators should maintain reservoir water quality with effective monitoring to ensure early detection and treatment of algal growth.
Are Secondary Disinfectants Performing as Intended?
Authors: Speight Vanessa , Rubinato Matteo , Rosario‐Ortiz Fernando L. 
Published: November 2019

Key TakeawaysIn many countries, regulations do not require the use of secondary disinfectants to ensure safe drinking water.The water industry may be overly reliant on secondary disinfectants to compensate for less‐than‐ideal treatment and distribution system management.The water industry should evaluate the use of secondary disinfectants to ensure the benefits are realized and that public health goals are being met.
Free‐Standing Hydrated Sodium Vanadate Papers for High‐Stability Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tan Huiteng , Chen Dong , Liu Weiling , Liu Chuntai , Lu Bo , Rui Xianhong , Yan Qingyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMaking batteries more sustainable and affordable is seen as fundamental for enabling the electric grid to depend on power generated from renewable sources. In this context, zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are seen as promising candidates to suit the niche application stemming from the appealing properties of Zn, but their advancement is plagued by a limited choice of cathode and a better understanding of structure‐property relationships that underpin the electrochemistry. Here, we demonstrate a hydrothermal method to prepare Na2V6O16 ⋅ 3H2O nanobelts with high degree of homogeneity and preferred orientation, enabling the construction of free‐standing paper electrode for ZIBs. By virtue of the favorable structural features of the Na2V6O16 ⋅ 3H2O nanobelts that arise from the pillaring effect of interlayer metal ions/structural water and nanoscale morphology, the electrode displays good cycling performance (281 and 142 mAh g−1 is achieved at 2.0 and 5.0 A g−1 after 5000 cycles, respectively) with nearly 100 % Coulombic efficiency and impressive rate capability (216 and 167 mAh g−1 are achieved at 3.0 and 5.0 A g−1 respectively). Mechanistic study on the intercalation reaction of the Na2V6O16 ⋅ 3H2O nanobelts using ex situ XRD and HRTEM reveals their good structural and electrochemical reversibility, which enlightens the material advantages as promising cathode for ZIBs.
Milling affects rheological and gel textural properties of rice flour
Authors: Ma Mengting , Wen Yadi , Qiu Chen , Zhan Qian , Sui Zhongquan , Corke Harold 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveGenerally, most milled rice is consumed as cooked grain. Nevertheless, a steady increase in new processes and products involving rice flour as a fundamental ingredient can be observed, which imposes a need for deeper knowledge of the properties of milled rice flours. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of combinations of milling speed (750, 950, and 1,050 r/min) and milling time (20, 40, and 60 s) on the rheological and gel textural properties of waxy, low‐, and high‐amylose rice of flour.FindingsSteady shear rheological measurements revealed that a positive relationship exists between milling revolution (speed × time) and the consistency coefficient values or hysteresis area of rice flour pastes; that is, the more the total milling revolutions, the higher the viscosity and stronger the thixotropic properties. During rheological measurement, waxy and low‐amylose rice flour pastes from milled rice with higher storage moduli and lower the ratio of storage moduli and loss moduli δ exhibited more elastic properties and higher gel strength than those from unmilled rice, indicating that a more rigid structure was formed. As milling speeds and durations increased, the hardness of waxy and low‐amylose rice flour gels increased, but the adhesiveness decreased.ConclusionsThis study showed that milling speed had more pronounced effects on the extent of change than did milling time regarding steady flow and textural properties. Meanwhile, both milling speed and duration could change the properties of rice flour to different extents.Significance and noveltyThese findings provided fundamentals for the effects of combinations of milling speed and milling time on the rheological and gel textural properties of the flours produced from waxy, low‐, and high‐amylose rice grains. Moreover, this research may help enable rice millers to produce improved functional rice products with minimal processing by precise control of suitable milling conditions.
Visible Light Induced Selective Aerobic Formation of N‐benzylidene Benzylamine over 2‐aminoterephthalic Acid Sensitized {110}‐Facetted BiOCl Nanosheets
Authors: Han Aijuan , Sun Jiulong , Zhang Hongwei , Chuah Gaik‐Khuan , Jaenicke Stephan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSurface modification with a photosensitizer is an efficient way to improve visible light activity of wide band gap semiconductors, but is rarely applied in photocatalytic organic synthesis. Herein, we report that 2‐aminoterephthalic acid (ATA) sensitized {110}‐facetted BiOCl nanosheets, prepared by a solvothermal method, exhibit outstanding photocatalytic activity for the selective oxidative coupling of benzylamine to N‐benzylidenebenzylamine under visible light. UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectra confirmed that the introduction of ATA extends the light absorption of wide band gap BiOCl into the visible light region. Characterization by HRTEM and SAED indicated that the samples were predominantly terminated by {110} facets. BiOCl incorporating 0.18 % ATA exhibited superior activity for the photocatalytic oxidation of benzylamine under visible light, with 100 % conversion and 100 % selectivity towards N‐benzylidenebenzylamine. The catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability and works well with other substituted benzylamines, suggesting its robust and universal nature. This work provides an example for the application of a low‐cost and highly efficient visible‐light‐responsive photocatalyst in organic synthesis.
Thermodynamically and Kinetically Controlled Reactions in Biocatalysis – from Concepts to Perspectives
Authors: Marsden Stefan R. , Mestrom Luuk , McMillan Duncan G. G. , Hanefeld Ulf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe enzymatic synthesis of esters and peptides is unfavoured in aqueous solvent systems due to competing hydrolysis. This can be overcome by using energy rich substrate analogues: elimination of a good leaving group temporarily establishes more favourable equilibrium conditions, allowing for (nearly) complete conversion. While kinetically controlled syntheses of esters and peptides in water are common knowledge in biocatalysis textbooks, the prevalence of kinetic control is less well known for other enzyme classes. Here, the general concepts of thermodynamic and kinetic control are illustrated at the example of the well‐studied synthesis of β‐lactam antibiotics and are shown to similarly also apply to other enzyme classes. Notably, the enzymatic synthesis of diastereomers shows the same characteristic energy profile as that of Diels‐Alder reactions. This allows for the selective synthesis of different diastereomers under either thermodynamically or kinetically controlled conditions. Prospects and pitfalls of this notion are discussed at the example of the thermodynamic epimerisation of hydroxysteroids and recent examples of kinetically controlled aldol reactions. Kinetic reaction control can therefore not only be used to increase conversions towards a single product, but also to selectively afford different diastereomers. This review highlights the prevalence of both concepts within the field of biocatalysis.
Bioinspired Hollow Nanoreactor: Catalysts that Carry Gaseous Hydrogen for Enhanced Gas‐Liquid‐Solid Three‐Phase Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Li Zhaohua , Zhu Zhongpeng , Cao Changyan , Jiang Lei , Song Weiguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor conventional gas‐liquid‐solid three‐phase heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions, hydrogen must be dissolved into the solvent to be a participating reactant, restricting the reaction rates. In this study, we demonstrate that gaseous hydrogen could be directly involved in gas‐liquid‐solid hydrogenation reactions through a bioinspired hollow nanoreactor with superaerophilic surface to enhance the reaction rates. We produce Pd@meso‐SiO2 hollow nanoreactor, whose external surface is modified with perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTS). In aqueous solutions, H2 gas could be spread quickly on the surface and stored in the cavity of hollow spheres, and participated in hydrogenation reactions, thereby enhancing H2 concentration around Pd nanoparticles. In hydrogenation of olefin reactions, such three‐phase interface allows rapid and direct transportation of H2 bubbles to the surface of Pd nanoparticles rather than through diffusion of dissolved H2 in liquid phase, leading to an enhanced catalytic rate. This strategy is expected to be useful for designing and developing new catalytic systems of gas‐liquid‐solid three‐phase reaction.
Reduced‐order modeling of hemodynamics across macroscopic through mesoscopic circulation scales
Authors: Adjoua Olivier , Pitre‐Champagnat Stéphanie , Lucor Didier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe propose a hemodynamic reduced‐order model bridging macroscopic and mesoscopic blood flow circulation scales from arteries to capillaries. In silico tree‐like vascular geometries, mathematically described by graphs, are synthetically generated by means of stochastic growth algorithms constrained by statistical morphological and topological principles. Scale‐specific pruning gradation of the tree is then proposed in order to fit computational budget requirement. Different compliant structural models with respect to pressure loads are used depending on vessel walls thicknesses and structures, which vary considerably from macroscopic to mesoscopic circulation scales. Nonlinear rheological properties of blood are also included, and microcirculation network responses are computed for different rheologies. Numerical results are in very good agreement with available experimental measurements. The computational model captures the dynamic transition between large‐ to small‐scale flow pulsatility speeds and magnitudes and wall shear stresses, which have wide‐ranging physiological influences.
Cationic Polymerization via Activation of Alkoxyamines Using Photoredox Catalysts
Authors: Konya Masato , Uchiyama Mineto , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Masami Kamigaito at the Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Nagoya University (Japan). The image shows cationic polymerization via the mesolytic cleavage of alkoxyamine triggered by an exited cationic Ir(III) catalyst under blue LED irradiation, in contrast to radical polymerization via the homolytic cleavage under heat. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.201900148.
Orthogonal Supramolecular Assembly Triggered by Inclusion and Exclusion Interactions with Cucurbit[7]uril for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Song Dengmeng , Li Bo , Li Xin , Sun Xuzhuo , Li Jun , Li Chengbo , Xu Tongyu , Zhu Yong , Li Fei , Wang Ning 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe fabrication of efficient and convenient photocatalytic H2 evolution systems is a fascinating research topic in the field of solar energy conversion. A ternary self‐assembled photocatalytic H2 evolution system was fabricated through supramolecular host–guest chemistry. The system consisted of the H2 evolution catalyst [Co(dmgH)2(4‐ppy)2]NO3 (1; dmgH2=dimethylglyoxime, 4‐ppy=4‐phenylpyridine) and the photosensitizer Eosin Y (EY) assembled with the macrocyclic compound cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) to form the 1@CB[7]/EY complex through inclusion and exclusion interactions, respectively. The synchronous self‐assembly drives an orthogonal arrangement of the 1@CB[7]/EY system. The inclusion complex 1@CB[7] was successfully characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal XRD. The exclusion process of CB[7] with EY was identified by NMR titration and the optimized geometry of the exclusion structure was determined by DFT calculations. The use of CB[7] resulted in a 6‐fold increase in turnover number, a 3‐fold increase in turnover frequency, and a 3‐fold extension of lifetime for photocatalytic H2 evolution as compared with the system in the absence of CB[7]. The improvement of the light‐driven H2 evolution activity was ascribed to the ability of CB[7] to link the photosensitizer and catalyst.
Power‐saving policies for annual energy cost savings in green computing
Authors: Sharma Bhisham , Mittal Payal , Obaidat Mohammad S. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe concept of green computing is a step toward advanced information technology‐related data computations. There is an urgent need to develop sustainable mobile telecommunication networks subscribed by Telecommunication Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI). This paper aims at deploying major recommendations and directions in computing systems directed by regulating authorities. Green computing–based power‐saving policies include virtualization technique, power‐saving method, and recycling technique‐type solution components that we tried to embed in existing systems. The energy‐efficient green computing reserves the reliability and power of information‐driven technology. This research paper provides a comprehensive approach toward applying green mechanism by spotting the difference between energy consumption of current academic scenario and after embedding power‐saving policies of green computing. Moreover, an account has been maintained about the amount of energy preservation. The extraordinary energy‐ and cost‐saving features of green computing make environment sustainable and lively for future generations.
Development of ultrasonic calls in rat pups follows similar patterns regardless of isolation distress
Authors: Stark Rachel A. , Harker Allonna , Salamanca Sophia , Pellis Sergio M. , Li Fangfang , Gibb Robbin L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUltrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by rat pups have been extensively studied in the context of isolation from their mother and littermates. The heightened call rate of isolation‐induced USVs indicates increased anxiety, whereas other acoustic parameters, such as frequency and call duration, are thought to be useful in reflecting developmental changes, which by weaning have developed into their adult form. However, it is possible that stress can affect the quality as well as the quantity of calls, and that as the pups become more mobile, the effects of the stress may change. Therefore, in the present study rats were tested in a test arena either in isolation or with littermates, so as to assess the effects of isolation stress on the developmental changes reported in the literature. Rat pups of both sexes were tested on multiple days from postnatal day (PND) 7 to weaning. Overall, the main changes in the frequency, duration, and types of calls were accounted for by age. The effects of isolation were minor, as were sex differences. This study indicates that the development of USVs in infant rats is a robust process and seemingly resistant to the effects of isolation‐induced stress.
Early‐ and later‐developing shyness in children: An investigation of biological and behavioral correlates
Authors: Poole Kristie L. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEarly theoretical work by Buss (1986a, 1986b) posited that there is an early‐developing fearful shyness that emerges during toddlerhood, and a later‐developing self‐conscious shyness that emerges during early childhood. It has been theorized that early‐developing shyness is related to fear, rooted in inherited biases, and manifests in contexts of social novelty, whereas later‐developing shyness is related to self‐conscious emotions, may result from social ridicule or poor social skills, and manifests in contexts of social exposure. Despite the hypothesized correlates of these shyness subtypes, this theory has not been empirically tested in children. We tested 96 children aged 5 to 10 years old and classified them into three groups: early‐developing shyness (n = 28; MAgeOnset = 2.4 years), later‐developing shyness (n = 19; MAgeOnset = 4.8 years), and non‐shy (n = 49). Findings revealed that children with later‐developing shyness had the highest relative cortisol responses in the context of self‐presentation, highest levels of embarrassment, and lowest social skills relative to the other groups, while children with early‐developing shyness displayed the highest relative resting right frontal brain asymmetry (a neural correlate of fear) relative to the other groups. These preliminary findings provide partial empirical support for the previously theorized correlates and distinction of early‐developing and later‐developing shyness in childhood.
Mapping microhabitat thermal patterns in artificial breakwaters: Alteration of intertidal biodiversity by higher rock temperature
Authors: Aguilera Moisés A. , Arias René M. , Manzur Tatiana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUrbanization is altering community structure and functioning in marine ecosystems, but knowledge about the mechanisms driving loss of species diversity is still limited. Here, we examine rock thermal patterns in artificial breakwaters and test whether they have higher and spatially less variable rock temperature than natural adjacent habitats, which corresponds with lower biodiversity patterns. We estimated rock temperatures at mid‐high intertidal using infrared thermography during mid‐day in summer, in both artificial (Rip‐raps) and natural (boulder fields) habitats. We also conducted diurnal thermal surveys (every 4 hr) in four seasons at one study site. Concurrent sampling of air and seawater temperature, wind velocity, and topographic structure of habitats were considered to explore their influence on rock temperature. Rock temperature was in average 3.7°C higher in the artificial breakwater in two of the three study sites, while air temperature was about 1.5–4°C higher at this habitat at summer. Thermal patterns were more homogeneous across the artificial habitat. Lower species abundance and richness in the artificial breakwaters were associated with higher rock temperature. Mechanism underlying enhanced substrate temperature in the artificial structures seems related to their lower small‐scale spatial heterogeneity. Our study thus highlighted that higher rock temperature in artificial breakwaters can contribute to loss of biodiversity and that integrated artificial structures may alter coastal urban microclimates, a matter that should be considered in the spatial planning of urban coastal ecosystems.