bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute respiratory failure in an infant and thiamine deficiency in West Africa: a case report
Authors: Hiffler L , Escajadillo K , Rocaspana M , Janet S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In paediatrics, the overall clinical picture of thiamine deficiency (TD) is not easy to recognize, because it mimics or can be confused with other diseases even in cases of classic beriberi. Unsurprisingly, the likelihood of misdiagnosis of TD is even greater where beriberi has not been described.
Critically ill patients have increased thiamine body consumption and dextrose-based IV fluid increases thiamine cellular demand even further. Consequently, severe acute conditions may result in TD, or trigger TD signs in patients with borderline thiamine status, with life-threatening consequences.
Here, we describe the case of a young patient admitted to a West African hospital where TD is not well documented and diagnosed with severe pneumonia who responded dramatically to thiamine injection.
The lack of rapid diagnostic capacity and the severe outcome of TD justify the use of a therapeutic thiamine challenge in cases with high clinical suspicion. Increased awareness about TD and low threshold for thiamine use should guide clinicians in their practice.
Hydroxychloroquine-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome in COVID-19: a rare case report
Authors: Davoodi Lotfollah , Jafarpour Hamed , Kazeminejad Armaghan , Soleymani Eissa , Akbari Zahra , Razavi Alireza 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The international outbreak of respiratory illness termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 that has affected &gt;0.8 million individuals. Self-limiting respiratory tract involvement, severe pneumonia, multiorgan failure and death are the spectrum of COVID-19. To date, there are no especial therapeutic agents for COVID-19 infections. One such medication includes the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which recently reported as a possible therapy for shortening the duration of COVID-19 symptoms, reducing inflammatory reactions to infection, impairing the exacerbation of pneumonia and boosting lung imaging findings. Like all medications, HCQ has side effects and may occur in COVID-19 patients. Here, we report on the case of a 42-year-old woman, presented with fever and dry cough, who had COVID-19 and 2 days later presented with a pruritic erythematous maculopapular rash, which started from the distal of upper extremities and rapidly, involved the entire body.
Parliamentary Recruitment in the UK House of Commons: De-Gendering Workplace Structures, Gendering the Applicant
Authors: Miller Cherry M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recruitment to key positions in institutions can be viewed as one way to introduce strategic reforms; however, little research has been conducted as to the effectiveness of the practice within parliaments. Even less has been written about the recruitment practices for non-elected parliamentary actors. Applying a feminist discursive institutionalist analysis, this article highlights the main discourses prominent in discussions around the recruitment to the Clerk of the House of Commons in 2014. It is argued that there are three discourses that rhetorically de-gendered career structures in the UK House of Commons, while two discourses explicitly gendered the applicant to the position of Clerk. The article discusses the broader significance of these insights for analysing parliaments as gendered workplaces, and for member engagement with parliamentary administrations.
Professional trustees: is it time to get on with the job? A discussion on whether Public Trustee v Cooper “blessing” applications are being abused by overly cautious trustees
Authors: Lindley Robert , O’Brien Wesley 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Trustees are fortunate to have available a process where they can seek the Court’s blessing as to proposed actions and decisions, a remedy not widely available to decision-makers outside of a trusts context. However, with blessing applications becoming increasingly common (particularly in offshore jurisdictions), it is questionable whether trustees are being overly cautious in their approach. Are professional trustees who are paid for the performance of their duties too readily rushing to Court (often at great expense to the Trust Fund) in order to safeguard against remote hypothetical risks? Reviewing recent cases, this article will consider whether the industry has gone too far in its adoption of “blessing” applications, and whether Courts may seek to restrict the “momentous” circumstances that justify an application. We will consider the types of matters which may justify a “blessing” application, both from a legal and commercial perspective, and the alternative options which may be available to trustees when making significant decisions.
Extension Horses, Inc. experts act fast to create online resources to assist the horse industry during COVID-191
Authors: Greene Elizabeth A , Hein Wendy , Wickens Carissa L , Smarsh Danielle N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting stay-at-home directives, adopted out of necessity to protect human health, introduced significant challenges for horse owners and small equine businesses. Restricted access, and in many cases closure of barns, resulted in a multitude of questions and concerns within the equine community which needed to be addressed rapidly. Extension Horses, Inc. (EH) coordinated the development and delivery of a variety of educational resources utilizing a combination of online formats and dissemination through social media and EH member contact lists. A series of infographics, webinars, and podcasts (three in each category) were created to provide guidance on essential care of horses, emergency preparedness, financial assistance, legal concerns, and biosecurity during the crucial, initial weeks of the pandemic (March to April 2020). Web conferencing technology (Zoom) was used to facilitate discussion and task delegation among EH members and to conduct and record webinars and podcasts. Podcasts were hosted on Buzzsprout and infographics were created using Adobe InDesign. Live webinar participants were invited to participate in several polls during the webinar and were sent a brief survey to complete at the end of the webinar series. Analytics for all educational resources combined demonstrated a 32-d total direct reach of 135,563. Most live webinar participants identified themselves as horse owners and small equine business owners (55%). The majority of live webinar participants indicated the information was useful (99%), and they would utilize the resources they had learned about (80%). Survey respondents reported that Facebook, email, and word of mouth were key ways in which they learned about the webinars. The same survey found that the web-platform was an effective method to receive information (85% high satisfaction) and respondents were highly likely to recommend future EH webinars to others (88%). The three infographics had a total Facebook reach of 131,765, the webinars had 3,522 total views, and the three podcasts had 276 total downloads. The rapid response of EH and quick turnaround of products allowed a large online audience to receive vital information for coping with COVID-19. Having the established EH network, already familiar with virtual education, was a big asset in this effort. This can serve as a model for cooperative extension to utilize in future collaborative responses to industry issues.
“We understand our community”: implementation of the Healthy Eating Healthy Aging program among community-based organizations
Authors: Leong Judy , Jang Sou Hyun , Bishop Sonia K , Brown Emily V R , Lee Eun Jeong , Ko Linda K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in the USA among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) over the age of 65. Healthy Eating Healthy Aging (HEHA), an evidence-based heart health program, can provide culturally appropriate nutrition education to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. Community-based organizations (CBOs) are optimal settings to implement community-based programs. However, there is inadequate research on how evidence-based interventions like HEHA are implemented in CBOs. This study examined processes that facilitated the implementation of HEHA among CBOs serving older AAPIs. Twelve representatives from CBOs that implemented the HEHA program were recruited to participate in a semistructured interview. All the participants were CBO directors or senior managers. A semistructured interview guide was created and informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to capture how HEHA played into the five domains of CFIR: (a) intervention characteristics, (b) outer setting, (c) inner setting, (d) characteristics of the individuals, and (e) process. Data analysis captured themes under the CFIR domains. All five CFIR domains emerged from the interviews. Under intervention characteristics, three constructs emerged as facilitating the implementation of HEHA: (a) the participant’s beliefs around the quality of the HEHA program and its ability to promote healthy eating, (b) HEHA’s adaptability to different AAPI subgroups, and (c) perceptions of how successfully HEHA was bundled and assembled. Under outer setting, the participants described the community’s need for healthy eating programs and how the HEHA program meets that need. Four constructs emerged under inner setting: (a) the CBO’s structural characteristics and social standing in the community; (b) resources dedicated to the implementation and ongoing operations, including funding, training, education, physical space, and time; (c) the culture of the CBO; and (d) the participant’s commitment and involvement in marketing, promotion, and implementation of HEHA. Under characteristics of individuals, participants’ described their desire to learn the content of HEHA and deliver them successfully. Under process, participants described strategies to engage relevant individuals to facilitate HEHA implementation. The interviews with CBO representatives provided insights into CFIR domain constructs that facilitated the implementation of HEHA. CBOs are key settings for community health education. Understanding processes that lead to the successful implementation of evidence-based interventions among CBOs is critical for accelerating the dissemination and implementation of best practices.
Topography influences species-specific patterns of seasonal primary productivity in a semiarid montane forest
Authors: Murphy Patrick C , Knowles John F , Moore David J P , Anchukaitis Kevin , Potts Daniel L , Barron-Gafford Greg A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSemiarid forests in the southwestern USA are generally restricted to mountain regions where complex terrain adds to the challenge of characterizing stand productivity. Among the heterogeneous features of these ecosystems, topography represents an important control on system-level processes including snow accumulation and melt. This basic relationship between geology and hydrology affects radiation and water balances within the forests, with implications for canopy structure and function across a range of spatial scales. In this study, we quantify the effect of topographic aspect on primary productivity by observing the response of two codominant native tree species to seasonal changes in the timing and magnitude of energy and water inputs throughout a montane headwater catchment in Arizona, USA. On average, soil moisture on north-facing aspects remained higher during the spring and early summer compared with south-facing aspects. Repeated measurements of net carbon assimilation (Anet) showed that Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson was sensitive to this difference, while Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco was not. Irrespective of aspect, we observed seasonally divergent patterns at the species level where P. ponderosa maintained significantly greater Anet into the fall despite more efficient water use by P. menziesii individuals during that time. As a result, this study at the southern extent of the geographical P. menziesii distribution suggests that this species could increase water-use efficiency as a response to future warming and/or drying, but at lower rates of production relative to the more drought-adapted P. ponderosa. At the sub-landscape scale, opposing aspects served as a mesocosm of current versus anticipated climate conditions. In this way, these results also constrain the potential for changing carbon sequestration patterns from Pinus-dominated landscapes due to forecasted changes in seasonal moisture availability.
The longirostrine crocodyliforms from Bolivia and their evolution through the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary
Authors: Jouve Stéphane , de Muizon Christian , Cespedes-Paz Ricardo , Sossa-Soruco Víctor , Knoll Stephane 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNumerous aquatic crocodyliforms have been found during the last four decades of fieldwork in the Maastrichtian El Molino and Palaeocene Santa Lucía Formations in Bolivia. We describe new material in detail and review previously described specimens. This work enables identification of at least three new Palaeocene dyrosaurid species and the reassignement of the Maastrichtian crocodylian Dolichochampsa minima to Gavialoidea. Dolichochampsa minima is thus the oldest known South American member of this clade; previously, gavialoids were known from this continent only since the late Eocene. A new phylogenetic analysis suggests that Vectisuchus leptognathus and Elosuchus are more closely related to Dyrosauridae, and a new name, Dyrosauroidea, is proposed for this clade. Several characters previously considered as typical for dyrosaurids are present in Elosuchus. Comparison of this phylogenetic analysis with geographical and temporal distributions helps to reveal a new scenario for dyrosaurid dispersal. A high number of intercontinental interchanges occurred during the Maastrichtian, whereas higher intracontinental diversification occurred during the lower Palaeocene.
Interventions in Post-Intensive Care Syndrome-Family: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Zante Bjoern , Camenisch Sabine A. , Schefold Joerg C. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Data show that family members of ICU patients may have high levels of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorders, and/or complicated grief. This was previously referred to as post-intensive care syndrome-family. We systematically review randomized controlled trials for post-intensive care syndrome-family.

Data Sources:
Systematic research in databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINHAL for articles published between January 2000 and October 2019).

Study Selection:
Interventions in randomized controlled trials for post-intensive care syndrome-family in relatives of adult ICU patients.

Data Extraction:
Review, quality assessment, and risk assessment for bias of eligible publications were performed along recommended guidelines for each investigation. Quality assessment graded studies into “strong” (n = 5), “moderate” (n = 4), and “weak” (n = 2).

Data Synthesis:
Out of 2,399 publications, 11 investigations were found eligible (3,183 relatives of ICU patients). Studies addressed interventions during ICU stay (n = 6), during the post-ICU period (n = 4), or both (n = 1). Two studies included relatives of dying/deceased patients. One study implemented end-of-life conferences and showed reduced prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (45% vs 69%; p = 0.01), anxiety (45% vs 67%; p = 0.02), and depression (29% vs 56%; p = 0.003). Family conferences with a physician and proactive participation of a nurse reduced anxiety-scores (p = 0.01) without reducing anxiety prevalence (33.3% vs 52.3%; p = 0.08). Other studies failed to improve symptoms or reduce prevalence of post-intensive care syndrome-family. Interestingly, condolence letters may even increase prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (52.4% vs 37.1%; p = 0.03). Meetings without the presence of ICU physicians were shown to increase Impact of Event Scale-Revised scores (25.9 vs 21.3; p = 0.0495).

Conclusions:
Only few data are available on interventions for post-intensive care syndrome-family. It appears that proactive communication and provision of information seems pivotal for post-intensive care syndrome-family treatment. Interestingly, some interventions may even worsen post-intensive care syndrome-family. In the light of the relevance of post-intensive care syndrome-family in daily ICU care, more high-quality data seems urgently needed.
Trends, Cost, and Mortality From Sepsis After Trauma in the United States: An Evaluation of the National Inpatient Sample of Hospitalizations, 2012–2016
Authors: Eguia Emanuel , Bunn Corinne , Kulshrestha Sujay , Markossian Talar , Durazo-Arvizu Ramon , Baker Marshall S. , Gonzalez Richard , Behzadi Faraz , Churpek Matthew , Joyce Cara , Afshar Majid 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Identification and outcomes in patients with sepsis have improved over the years, but little data are available in patients with trauma who develop sepsis. We aimed to examine the cost and epidemiology of sepsis in patients hospitalized after trauma.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Patients:
National Inpatient Sample.

Interventions:
Sepsis was identified between 2012 and 2016 using implicit and explicit International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision codes. Analyses were stratified by injury severity score greater than or equal to 15. Annual trends were modeled using generalized linear models. Survey-adjusted logistic regression was used to compare the odds for in-hospital mortality, and the average marginal effects were calculated to compare the cost of hospitalization with and without sepsis.

Measurements and Main Results:
There were 320,450 (se = 3,642) traumatic injury discharges from U.S. hospitals with sepsis between 2012 and 2016, representing 6.0% (95% CI, 5.9–6.0%) of the total trauma population (n = 5,329,714; se = 47,447). In-hospital mortality associated with sepsis after trauma did not change over the study period (p > 0.40). In adjusted analysis, severe (injury severity score ≥ 15) and nonsevere injured septic patients had an odds ratio of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.31–1.47) and 4.32 (95% CI, 4.06–4.59) for in-hospital mortality, respectively. The adjusted marginal cost for sepsis compared with nonsepsis was $16,646 (95% CI, $16,294–$16,997), and it was greater than the marginal cost for severe injury compared with nonsevere injury $8,851 (95% CI, $8,366–$8,796).

Conclusions:
While national trends for sepsis mortality have improved over the years, our analysis of National Inpatient Sample did not support this trend in the trauma population. The odds risk for death after sepsis and the cost of care remained high regardless of severity of injury. More rigor is needed in tracking sepsis after trauma and evaluating the effectiveness of hospital mandates and policies to improve sepsis care in patients after trauma.
Molecular Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota-Associated Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Authors: Shao Yichang , Zeng Xun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the cancer occurring in colon and rectum, and is the fourth leading cause of tumor-associated deaths worldwide. As a multi-etiological cancer, CRC could be induced by genetic and environmental factors, including unhealthy diet, irregular lifestyle, inappropriate inflammatory, and the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Since immunotherapy has been the most popular cancer therapy nowadays, the relationships among gut microbiota, host immune cells and CRC pathogenesis are widely investigated. Scientists constantly tried to figure out the underlying mechanisms involved to support the further therapeutic studies. In this review, we discuss the component shifts of gut microbiota in CRC patients compared with healthy people, summarize how immune cells participate in protecting host from pathogenic microbes, elaborate the molecular mechanisms involved in gut microbiota-associated carcinogenesis of colonic epithelial cells and look into how gut microbiota influence the CRC therapy.
Longitudinal Effects of Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation on Global and Domain-Specific Cognitive Function
Authors: Faulkner Kenneth M. , Chien Christopher V. , Denfeld Quin E. , Gelow Jill M. , Lyons Karen S. , Grady Kathleen L. , Mudd James O. , Lee Christopher S. 
Published: June 2020

Background
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are a common treatment of advanced heart failure, but cognitive dysfunction, which is common in heart failure, could limit the ability to perform postimplantation LVAD care. Implantation of an LVAD has been associated with improved cerebral perfusion and may improve cognitive function post implantation.

Objective
The aim of this study was to quantify longitudinal change in cognitive function after LVAD implantation.

Methods
A secondary analysis of data on 101 adults was completed to evaluate cognitive function before implantation and again at 1, 3, and 6 months post implantation of an LVAD. Latent growth curve modeling was conducted to characterize change over time. Serial versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment were used to measure overall (total) cognitive function and function in 6 cognitive domains.

Result
There was moderate, nonlinear improvement from preimplantation to 6 months post implantation in Montreal Cognitive Assessment total score (Hedges' g = 0.50) and in short-term memory (Hedges' g = 0.64). There also were small, nonlinear improvements in visuospatial ability, executive function, and attention from preimplantation to 6 months post implantation (Hedges' g = 0.20–0.28). The greatest improvements were observed in the first 3 months after implantation and were followed by smaller, sustained improvements or no additional significant change.

Conclusions
Implantation of an LVAD is associated with significant, nonlinear improvement in short-term memory and global cognitive function, with the most significant improvements occurring in the first 3 months after implantation. Clinicians should anticipate improvements in cognitive function after LVAD implantation and modify postimplantation education to maximize effectiveness of LVAD self-care.