bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue-Specific Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Lignocellulose Synthesis Regulation in Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.)
Authors: Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Shengkui , Lu Xianqin , Li Can , Liu Xingwang , Dong Geyu , Xia Tao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The characteristics of elephant grass, especially its stem lignocellulose, are of great significance for its quality as feed or other industrial raw materials. However, the research on lignocellulose biosynthesis pathway and key genes is limited because the genome of elephant grass has not been deciphered.Results: In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) combined with lignocellulose content analysis and cell wall morphology observation using elephant grass stems from different development stages as materials were applied to reveal the genes that regulate the synthesis of cellulose and lignin. A total of 3852 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three periods of T1, T2, and T3 through RNA-seq analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of all DEGs showed that the two most abundant metabolic pathways were phenylpropane metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, which were closely related to cell wall development, hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose synthesis. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of DEGs, a ‘blue’ module highly associated with cellulose synthesis and a ‘turquoise’ module highly correlated with lignin synthesis were exhibited. A total of 43 candidate genes were screened, of which 17 had function annotations in other species. Besides, by analyzing the content of lignocellulose in the stem tissues of elephant grass at different developmental stages and the expression levels of genes such as CesA, PAL, CAD, C4H, COMT, CCoAMT, F5H and CCR, it was found that the content of lignocellulose was related to the expression level of these structural genes.Conclusions: This study provides a basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of cellulose and lignin synthesis pathways of elephant grass, and offers a unique and extensive list of candidate genes for future specialized functional studies which may promote the development of high-quality elephant grass varieties with high cellulose and low lignin content.
Urinary soluble VCAM-1 is a useful biomarker of disease activity and treatment response in lupus nephritis
Authors: Gasparin Andrese Aline , de Andrade Nicole Pamplona Bueno , Hax Vanessa , Palominos Penélope Esther , Siebert Marina , Marx Rômulo , Schaefer Pedro Guilherme , Veronese Francisco Veríssimo , Monticielo Odirlei André 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is involved in the progression of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury in lupus nephritis (LN) and can be easily assessed in urine. The aim of this study was to assess urinary soluble VCAM-1 (uVCAM-1) as a biomarker of disease activity and treatment response in LN.Methods: This prospective study enrolled 62 patients with class III, IV or V LN diagnosed within the last three years and divided them in two groups: with and without active nephritis at the inclusion, each group with 31 patients. At each visit, a urine sample was collected for uVCAM-1 evaluation and the nephritis status was assessed.Results: Median uVCAM-1 level was elevated in patients with active compared to inactive LN (P<0.001). The ROC curve of uVCAM-1 demonstrated an AUC of 0.84 and a cutoff of 47.2 ng/mgCr yielded a good sensitivity (74.2%) and specificity (74.2%) for the diagnosis of active LN. A significant correlation was found between uVCAM-1 level and renal activity scores and traditional biomarkers of LN. The level of uVCAM-1 dropped in patients with active LN who went into remission (P<0.001), increased in patients who went into activity (P=0.002) and did not change in patients who remained inactive (P=0.797). The level of uVCAM-1 peaked during the flare of LN (P<0.05).Conclusion: The uVCAM-1 is a reliable biomarker that reflects renal disease activity and is useful for monitoring individual patients with lupus nephritis over time.
Type 1 tyrosinemia in Finland: a nationwide study
Authors: Äärelä Linnea , Hiltunen Pauliina , Soini Tea , Vuorela Nina , Huhtala Heini , Nevalainen Pasi , Heikinheimo Markku , Kivelä Laura , Kurppa Kalle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Introduction of nitisinone and newborn screening (NBS) have transformed the treatment of type 1 tyrosinemia, but the effects of these changes on the long-term outcomes remain obscure. Also, the predictors for later complications, the significance of drug levels and the normalization of laboratory and imaging findings are poorly known. We investigated these issues in a nationwide study. Results: Type 1 tyrosinemia was diagnosed in 22 children in 1978–2019 in Finland. Incidence was 1/90,102, with a significant enrichment in South Ostrobothnia (1/9,990). Median age at diagnosis was 5 (range 0.5-36) months, 55% were girls and 13 had homozygotic Trp262X mutation. Four patients were detected through screening and 18 clinically, their main findings being liver failure (50% vs. 100%, respectively, p=0.026), ascites (0% vs. 53%, p=0.104), renal tubulopathy (0% vs. 65%, p=0.035), rickets (25% vs. 65%, p=0.272), growth failure (0% vs. 66%, p=0.029), thrombocytopenia (25% vs. 88%, p=0.028) and anaemia (0% vs. 47%, p=0.131). One patient was treated with diet, seven with transplantation and 14 with nitisinone. Three late-diagnosed (6-33 months) nitisinone treated patients needed transplantation later. Kidney dysfunction (86% vs. 7%, p=0.001), hypertension (57% vs. 7%, p=0.025) and osteopenia/ osteoporosis (71% vs. 14%, p=0.017) were more frequent in transplanted than nitisinone-treated patients. Blood/serum alpha-fetoprotein decreased rapidly on nitisinone in all but one patient, who later developed intrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver values normalized in 31 months and other laboratory values except thrombocytopenia within 18 months. Imaging findings normalized in 3–56 months excluding five patients with liver or splenic abnormalities. Low mean nitisinone concentration was associated with higher risk of severe complications (r=0.758, p=0.003) despite undetectable urine succinylacetone.Conclusions: Prognosis of type 1 tyrosinemia has improved in the era of nitisinone, and NBS seems to provide further benefits. Nevertheless, the long-term risk for complications remains, particularly in the case of late diagnosis and/or insufficient nitisinone levels.
Tinzaparin in Cancer and Renal Impairment: A Systematic Review Focusing on Safety
Authors: Vathiotis Ioannis , Syrigos Nikolaos , Dimakakos Evangelos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Low-molecular-weight heparins are approved for primary and secondary venous thromboembolism prevention. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide an update regarding the safety profile of tinzaparin sodium, prescribed either as a prophylactic or as a therapeutic regimen for VTE in cancer patients and individuals suffering from renal impairment. Method: We identified and studied clinical studies from 2000 until 2020, reporting safety outcomes for cancer patients and individuals with renal impairment receiving either prophylactic or therapeutic doses of tinzaparin. Results: In patients with cancer major bleeding rates fluctuate between 0.8% and 7%; reported major bleeding rates for non-cancer patients with renal impairment on prophylactic tinzaparin regimens were 0%. Non-cancer patients on therapeutic tinzaparin regimens exhibited major bleeding in 0 to 2.3% of cases; major bleeding rates were higher for cancer patients with renal impairment receiving therapeutic doses of tinzaparin (4.3 to 10%). Patients on tinzaparin exhibit significantly lower rates of clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding events in comparison with those on vitamin K antagonists. Bioaccumulation of tinzaparin is not correlated with age, body weight or creatinine clearance. Periodic administration of either prophylactic or therapeutic doses of tinzaparin does not result in bioaccumulation, even in patients with severe renal impairment and creatinine clearance < 20 ml/min. Conclusion: Tinzaparin is safe and can be used without dose adjustment in patients with severe renal impairment and creatinine clearance > 20 ml/min. Tinzaparin represents a thoroughly studied and safe choice for special populations at increased risk for thrombosis and bleeding.
Implementation and factors affecting the nursing process among nurses working in selected government hospital in southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Adasho Zerihun Adraro , Bekele Daniel Mengistu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The nursing process was initially adopted from the general system theory, and was developed and implemented in the field of education in the early years.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess implementation and factors affecting the nursing process among nurses working in selected government hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia.
Methods
An institution-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from March 10 to April 1, 2015 in three hospitals in southwest Ethiopia using self-administered questionnaires. This study included a total of 138 nurses using simple random sampling. Data were classified, coded and entered into epidemiological information version 3.5.3, and exported to the statistical package for social science version 20 for analysis, descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to see the effect of each variable on the dependent variable.
Result
The nursing process was found to be 73.9 per cent implemented. Compared to a Bachelor of Science, the likelihood of implementing the nursing process was less likely among diploma nurses. Nurses working in administratively supported hospitals implemented the nursing process more compared to those without administrative support. The nursing process had been implemented higher by trained nurses compared to untrained nurses.
Conclusion
The implementation of nursing process was good where; nearly seven in every ten nurses implemented the nursing process. Low educational qualification, lack of training, and non-supportive hospital administration were predictors of the nursing process implementation.
Ketamine can be produced by Pochonia chlamydosporia: an old molecule and a new anthelmintic?
Authors: Ferreira Sebastiao Rodrigo , Machado Alan Rodrigues T. , Furtado Luís Fernando , Gomes Jose Hugo de S. , de Almeida Raquel M. , Mendes Thiago de Oliveira , Maciel Valentina N. , Barbosa Fernando Sergio , Carvalho Lorendane M. , Bueno Lilian Lacerda , Bartholomeu Daniella Castanheira , de Araújo Jackson Victor , Rabelo Elida M. L. , de Pádua Rodrigo Maia , Pimenta Lucia Pinheiro Santos , Fujiwara Ricardo Toshio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Infection by nematodes is a problem for human health, livestock, and agriculture, as it causes deficits in host health, increases production costs, and incurs less food supply. The control of these parasites is usually done using anthelmintics, which, in most cases, have not been fully effective. Therefore, the search for new molecules with anthelmintic potential is necessary. Methods: In the present study, we isolated and characterized molecules from the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia and tested these compounds on three nematodes: Caenorhabditis elegans, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, and Ascaris suum. Results: The ethyl acetate extract showed nematicidal activity on the nematode model C. elegans. We identified the major substance present in two subfractions of this extract as ketamine. Then, we tested this compound on C. elegans and the parasites A. ceylanicum and A. suum using hamsters and mice as hosts, respectively. We did not find a difference between the animal groups when considering the number of worms recovered from the intestines of animals treated with ketamine (6 mg) and albendazole (P > 0.05). The parasite burden of larvae recovered from the lungs of mice treated with ketamine was similar to those treated with ivermectin. Conclusion: These results presented here demonstrated the nematicidal activity of ketamine in vitro and in vivo. Thus, confirming the nematicidal potential of the molecule present in the fungus P. chlamydosporia may consist of a new method of controlling parasites.
C-C chemokine receptor type 5 links COVID-19, Rheumatoid arthritis, and Hydroxychloroquine: In silico analysis&nbsp;
Authors: HACHIM MAHMOOD Yaseen , Hachim Ibrahim , Naeem Kashif , Hannawi Haifa , Salmi Issa Al , Hannawi Suad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represent one of the fragile patient groups that might be susceptible to the critical form of the coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) . On the other side, RA patients have been found not to have an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, some of the Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDS) commonly used to treat rheumatic diseases like Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were proposed as a potential therapy for COVID-19 with a lack of full understanding of their molecular mechanisms. This highlights the need for the discovery of common pathways that may link both diseases at the molecular side. In this research, we used the in silico approach to investigate the transcriptomic profile of RA synovium to identify shared molecular pathways with that of severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-COV-2) infected lung tissue. Our results showed upregulation of chemotactic factors, including CCL4, CCL8, and CCL11, that all shared CCR5 as their receptor, as a common derangement observed in both diseases; RA and COVID-19. Moreover, our results also highlighted a possible mechanism through which HCQ, which can be used as a monotherapy in mild RA or as one of the triple-DMARDs therapy (tDMARDs; methotrexate, sulphasalazine, and HCQ), might interfere with the COVID-19 infection. This might be achieved through the ability of HCQ to upregulate specific immune cell populations like activated natural killer (NK) cells, which were found to be significantly reduced in COVID-19 infection. In addition to its ability to block CCR5 rich immune cell recruitment that also was upregulated in the SARS-COV-2 infected lungs. This might explain some of the reports that showed beneficial effects.
Clinical characteristics and outcome of influenza virus infection among adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China
Authors: Tong Xunliang , Xu Xiaomao , Lv Guoyue , Wang He , Cheng Anqi , Wang Dingyi , Zhang Yue , Li Yanming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infection disease that rapidly spreads worldwide. Co-infection may occur in some cases of COVID-19, like influenza virus and so on. Clinical features and outcomes of severe COVID-19 patients with co-infection of influenza virus need to be noticed.Methods Retrospective cohort study was performed and total of 140 patients with severe COVID-19 was enrolled in designated wards of Sino-French New City Branch of Tongji Hospital between Feb 8th and March 15th in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The demographic, clinical features, laboratory indices, treatment and outcomes of these patients were collected and analyzed.Results Of 140 severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients, 73 patients were with median age of 66 years old with identification of influenza virus IgM-positive and 67 patients were with median age of 62 years old in influenza virus IgM-negative. Nearly half of severe COVID-19 patients in this research are male. Majority of the severe COVID-19 patients had chronic underlying conditions. Wheeze was the clinical feature of severe COVID-19 patients with influenza IgM-positive (26.4% vs 9.0%, P = 0.008). On contrary, fatigue or myalgia was the feature of the COVID-19 patients without IgM-positive (38.4% vs 58.2%, P = 0.019). Increased levels of ferritin and prolonging APTT were showed in severe COVID-19 patients without influenza IgM-positive compared with patients in other group with significant differences. Death rate in the group of severe COVID-19 patients with influenza IgM-positive is lower than it in other group with significant differences (4.1% vs 14.9%, P = 0.040). In univariate regression analysis, several factors were associated with higher risk of death, which included LDH, troponin, NT-proBNP, D-dimer, PT, APTT, lymphocytes, platelet and eGFR. However, influenza virus IgM positive was associated with lower risk of death.Conclusions Characteristic features of patients with severe COVID-19 with influenza virus IgM-positive were described. Co-infection may occur during the pandemic of COVID-19, and we need to improve our understanding in order to confront this crisis in the future.
Patient Preferences for Using Technology in Communication Post Hospital Discharge
Authors: Alexander Kimberly Elizabeth , Ogle Theodora , Hoberg Hana , Linley Libbie , Bradford Natalie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Technology is increasingly transforming the way we interact with others and undertake activities in our daily lives. The healthcare setting has, however, been relatively slow to adopt technology solutions to facilitate communication between patients and healthcare providers. While the procedural and policy requirements of healthcare systems will ultimately drive such solutions, understanding the preferences and attitudes of patients is essential to ensure that technology implemented in the healthcare setting facilitates communication in safe, acceptable, and appropriate ways. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine patient preferences for using technology to communicate with health services about symptoms experienced following discharge from the hospital. Methods: Primary data were collected from patients admitted to a large metropolitan hospital in Australia during three consecutive months in 2018. Participants were asked about their daily use of technology including use of computers, email, phone, text messaging, mobile applications, social media, online discussion forums, and videoconference. They were then asked about their use of technologies in managing their health, and preferences for use when communicating about symptoms with health services following discharge from hospital. Results: Five hundred and twenty-five patients with a wide range of differing clinical conditions and demographics participated. Patients indicated they used a range of technologies in their everyday lives and to manage their health. Almost 60% of patients would prefer to return to hospital if they were experiencing symptoms of concern. However, if patients experienced symptoms that were not of concern, over 60% would prefer to communicate with the hospital via telephone or using technology. Admitting condition, income, and age were significantly associated with preferences for communication about symptoms following hospital discharge.Conclusions: Patients have varied preferences for communicating with the health service post-hospital discharge. Findings suggest that some, but not all patients, would prefer to use technology to traditional methods of communicating with the healthcare team. Health services should offer patients multiple options for communicating about their recovery to ensure individual needs are appropriately met.
Fish Oil Can Significantly Reshape Diet-Based Gut Microbiota in Mice
Authors: Sun Han , Chen Dan , Yang Yingyue , Tan Bei , Huang Changzhi , Li Yue , Qian Jiaming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Studies have demonstrated the influence of diet on the gut microbiota, and recent evidence has revealed the beneficial effects of fish oil supplements on the gut microbiota. The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of fish oil on diet-based gut microbiota changes in mice.
Results

AIN-93M significantly decreased the gut microbial diversity of mice, increasing the abundances of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and decreasing the abundance of Odoribacter. In contrast, gut microbial diversity was maintained in mice fed a fish oil-intensive diet, where the Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio was increased, the abundance of Parabacteroides was increased and that of Odoribacter was decreased. In contrast, the VSL#3 intervention had little influence on gut microbiota diversity, decreasing the abundance of Firmicutes.
Conclusions

AIN-93M can decrease gut microbiota diversity, which may be associated with a potential proinflammatory effect. Fish oil may have anti-inflammatory effects by restoring and maintaining microbial diversity.
Biochemical and genetic analysis of Ecm14, a conserved fungal pseudopeptidase
Authors: McDonald R Christian , Schott Matthew J , Idowu Temitope A , Lyons Peter J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background.
Like most major enzyme families, the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs) contains a number of pseudoenzymes predicted to lack enzyme activity and with poorly characterized molecular function. The genome of the yeast S. cerevisiae encodes one member of the M14 MCP family, a pseudoenzyme named Ecm14 proposed to function in the extracellular matrix. In order to better understand the function of such pseudoenzymes, we studied the structure and function of Ecm14 in S. cerevisiae.
Results.
A phylogenetic analysis of Ecm14 in fungi found it to be conserved throughout the ascomycete phylum, with a group of related pseudoenzymes found in basidiomycetes. To investigate the structure and function of this conserved protein, his6-tagged Ecm14 was overexpressed in Sf9 cells and purified. The prodomain of Ecm14 was cleaved in vivo and in vitro by endopeptidases, suggesting an activation mechanism; however, no activity was detectable using standard carboxypeptidase substrates. In order to determine the function of Ecm14 using an unbiased screen, we undertook a synthetic lethal assay. Upon screening approximately 27,000 yeast colonies, twenty-two putative synthetic lethal clones were identified. Further analysis showed many to be synthetic lethal with auxotrophic marker genes and requiring multiple mutations, suggesting that there are few, if any, single S. cerevisiae genes that present synthetic lethal interactions with ecm14.
Conclusions.
We show in this study that Ecm14, although lacking detectable enzyme activity, is a conserved carboxypeptidase-like protein that is secreted from cells and is processed to a mature form by the action of an endopeptidase. Our study and datasets from other recent large-scale screens suggest a role for Ecm14 in processes such as vesicle-mediated transport and aggregate invasion, a fungal process that has been selected against in modern laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae.