bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large scale reuse of microservices using CI/CD and InnerSource practices - a case study
Authors: Badampudi Deepika , Usman Muhammad , Chen Xingru 
Published: December 2024

AbstractContemporary practices such as InnerSource (adopting open source practices within an organization), continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD), and the use of microservices promote software reuse. Although the benefits of individual contemporary practices on reuse may be known, the implications of collective contemporary practices, mainly challenges and improvements to mitigate the challenges, are to a large extent unknown. In this study, we investigate the additional effort (cost factors), benefits, challenges, and potential improvements in contemporary reuse at Ericsson. We performed the study in two phases: a) the initial data collection based on a combination of data collection methods (e.g., interviews, discussions, company portals), and b) a follow-up group discussion after a year to understand the status of the challenges and improvements identified in the first phase. Our results indicate that developing reusable assets resulted in upfront cost factors, such as additional effort in ensuring compliance. Furthermore, development with reuse also resulted in cost factors, for example, additional effort in integrating and understanding reusable assets. Ericsson perceived the cost factors as an investment resulting in long-term benefits such as improved quality, productivity, customer experience, and way of working. The main challenge faced by Ericsson was the pressure on the producers of reusable assets. Our study shows how InnerSource can lead to an increase in contributions to reusable assets. Furthermore, Ericsson implemented measures like automating compliance checks that improved the maturity of reusable assets, resulting in an increase in their reuse. In summary, effective use of contemporary practices such as InnerSource and CI/CD, along with the use of microservices, can facilitate large scale reuse.
Governing the commons: code ownership and code-clones in large-scale software development
Authors: Sundelin Anders , Gonzalez-Huerta Javier , Torkar Richard , Wnuk Krzysztof 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Context
In software development organizations employing weak or collective ownership, different teams are allowed and expected to autonomously perform changes in various components. This creates diversity both in the knowledge of, and in the responsibility for, individual components.

Objective
Our objective is to understand how and why different teams introduce technical debt in the form of code clones as they change different components.

Method
We collected data about change size and clone introductions made by ten teams in eight components which was part of a large industrial software system. We then designed a Multi-Level Generalized Linear Model (MLGLM), to illustrate the teams’ differing behavior. Finally, we discussed the results with three development teams, plus line manager and the architect team, evaluating whether the model inferences aligned with what they expected. Responses were recorded and thematically coded.

Results
The results show that teams do behave differently in different components, and the feedback from the teams indicates that this method of illustrating team behavior can be useful as a complement to traditional summary statistics of ownership.

Conclusions
We find that our model-based approach produces useful visualizations of team introductions of code clones as they change different components. Practitioners stated that the visualizations gave them insights that were useful, and by comparing with an average team, inter-team comparisons can be avoided. Thus, this has the potential to be a useful feedback tool for teams in software development organizations that employ weak or collective ownership.
Effects of Gender-Fair Language on the Cognitive Representation of Women in Stereotypically Masculine Occupations and Occupational Self-Efficacy Among Primary School Girls and Boys
Authors: Lenhart Jan , Heckel Franziska 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Based on the assumption that language influences thinking, the present study investigated the effect of gender-fair language in German, a grammatically gendered language among primary school children. Specifically, in a single-study experiment, we compared 218 German third and fourth graders on the effects of the generic masculine (e.g., der Polizist; English: the policeman) and gender-fair language in terms of the feminine and masculine form (e.g., die Polizistin/der Polizist; English: the policewoman/the policeman) on the cognitive representation of women in stereotypically masculine occupations and occupational self-efficacy. General self-efficacy was examined as a moderator variable, assumed to influence the effect of gender-fair language on occupational self-efficacy. The results indicate that the gender-fair form led to a higher cognitive representation of women in stereotypically masculine occupations for girls and increased girls’ occupational self-efficacy for stereotypically masculine occupations. In contrast, the use of gender-fair language did not significantly influence boys’ cognitive representation of women and their occupational self-efficacy. General self-efficacy did not affect the effect of gender-fair language on occupational self-efficacy. Thus, even as early as in primary school, gender-fair language could help attracting girls to stereotypically masculine occupations.
Neuroprotective Effects of Dexamethasone in a Neuromelanin-Driven Parkinson’s Disease Model
Authors: Garcia-Gomara M. , Juan-Palencia A. , Alfaro M. , Cuadrado-Tejedor M. , Garcia-Osta A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra that primarily affects movement control. Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in driving the disease’s progression. The persistent inflammatory state in the brain exacerbates neuronal damage, creating a cycle that perpetuates the neurodegenerative process. Glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, have potent anti-inflammatory properties and have been studied for their neuroprotective potential in different neurodegenerative diseases. However, their specific impact on PD remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dexamethasone on a neuromelanin (NM)-driven model of PD. We demonstrated that dexamethasone administration significantly improved motor function and preserved dopaminergic neuron compared to untreated controls in our study. These neuroprotective effects were mediated, at least in part, by suppressing reactive microglia and reducing the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the brain. Our findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of dexamethasone in mitigating neuroinflammation and maintaining neuronal integrity in a NM-driven model of PD. These results advocate for further investigation into glucocorticoid-based therapies as adjunctive treatments for PD, particularly in scenarios where neuroinflammation contributes prominently to disease progression.
“We Will Die Having Sex”–Gender, Health and Cultural Influences on Sexual Practices Among Older People in South Africa
Authors: Nyirenda M. , Sukazi S. , Buthelezi C. , Hanass-Hancock J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the global population's ageing accelerates, especially in low-middle-income countries (LMICs), an increase in age-related and sexual health challenges can be expected. However, a focus on reproductive ages, ageism, taboos, stigma and limited resources, has contributed to a neglect of older adults’ sexuality as broadly defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). We used qualitative methods to explore the attitudes and perceptions of sexuality and sexual behaviour among older adults aged 50 years and above. Focus group discussions with 37 South African men and women (aged 50–78) were thematically analysed using an ethnographic and phenomenological naturalistic paradigm. Four major themes emerged: 1) Importance of sexuality and sexual activity, 2) gendered perspectives on sexual activity, 3) health state as a barrier to sexual activity, and 4) cultural influences on sexuality and behaviour. Study highlights the significant role cultural norms and beliefs can play in old-age sexuality, with distinct gender differences in sexual practices. Health conditions, including chronic illnesses, disabilities, frailty and HIV status can act as barriers to sexual activities in old age. Understanding these barriers and facilitators is crucial to addressing the sexual health concerns of older adults. A holistic approach and further research for a nuanced understanding of older adults’ need for and enjoyment of sexual activity to inform policy and programmes is needed. The scarcity of data and evidence on this subject in LMICs hinders the development of policies and targeted interventions for successful healthy ageing.
Stackelberg Evolutionary Games of Cancer Treatment: What Treatment Strategy to Choose if Cancer Can be Stabilized?
Authors: Salvioli Monica , Garjani Hasti , Satouri Mohammadreza , Broom Mark , Viossat Yannick , Brown Joel S. , Dubbeldam Johan , Staňková Kateřina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe present a game-theoretic model of a polymorphic cancer cell population where the treatment-induced resistance is a quantitative evolving trait. When stabilization of the tumor burden is possible, we expand the model into a Stackelberg evolutionary game, where the physician is the leader and the cancer cells are followers. The physician chooses a treatment dose to maximize an objective function that is a proxy of the patient’s quality of life. In response, the cancer cells evolve a resistance level that maximizes their proliferation and survival. Assuming that cancer is in its ecological equilibrium, we compare the outcomes of three different treatment strategies: giving the maximum tolerable dose throughout, corresponding to the standard of care for most metastatic cancers, an ecologically enlightened therapy, where the physician anticipates the short-run, ecological response of cancer cells to their treatment, but not the evolution of resistance to treatment, and an evolutionarily enlightened therapy, where the physician anticipates both ecological and evolutionary consequences of the treatment. Of the three therapeutic strategies, the evolutionarily enlightened therapy leads to the highest values of the objective function, the lowest treatment dose, and the lowest treatment-induced resistance. Conversely, in our model, the maximum tolerable dose leads to the worst values of the objective function, the highest treatment dose, and the highest treatment-induced resistance.
Pervasive Indigenous and local knowledge of tropical wild species
Authors: Takasaki Yoshito , Coomes Oliver T. , Abizaid Christian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The promise of Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) for conservation policy depends on how pervasively ILK is held among local people. In the Peruvian Amazon, we conducted a landscape-scale concordance analysis between (1) ILK for game, timber, and fish species collected by the largest representative ILK survey as yet undertaken in tropical forests, and (2) remotely sensed land cover as proxies for species habitat. From our survey among 4000 households in 235 communities, we find that concordant ILK is highly pervasive across gender, age, place of origin, and social status, irrespective of species and people’s indigeneity. Resource users possess more concordant knowledge than nonusers for timber and fish, not game. Concordance between ILK for fish and remote sensing is associated with cooperative forest clearing in shifting cultivation—an informal community institution in which forest peoples engage with nature. Our findings point to the promise of ILK for large-scale tropical conservation.
Physical simulation-based analysis of multipass welding in S500 shipbuilding steel
Authors: Gáspár M. , Kovács J. , Sainio J. , Tervo H. , Javaheri V. , Kaijalainen A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Novel generations of shipbuilding steels have outstanding toughness due to the improved steel producing processes. Their microstructure mainly consists of ferrite and bainite, while the presence of acicular ferrite has a role in high impact energy of the welded joint. This research aims to analyze the effect of multipass welding on weld characteristics of S500 shipbuilding steel. A Gleeble 3500 simulator machine is used to produce the welding thermal cycles by the Rykalin-3D model on 70

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10 mm samples manufactured in transversal direction from a submerged arc welded joint of 16 mm plate. Temperatures for the simulations were set at 1350 °C for the coarse-grained zone forming in the weld metal (CGHAZ-W), 815 °C for the intercritical zone (ICHAZ-W), and a combination of these peak temperatures for the intercritically reheated coarse-grained zone (ICCGHAZ-W). The examined t8/5 interval was 5–30 s. The weld properties were examined by microstructural examination, hardness test, and instrumented Charpy V-notch impact toughness test. The impact energy values of subzones were below the unaffected weld metal. Longer cooling time resulted in lower impact energy in ICHAZ-W. However, this tendency was not observed in CGHAZ-W. ICHAZ-W and ICCGHAZ-W resulted in the lowest impact toughness, which was indicated by the large unstable crack propagation.
A Finite Element Analysis Comparing an Additive Manufacturing Lattice-Structured PEEK Implant to a Commercial Ball-and-Socket Design for Cervical Total Disc Replacement
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Kai , Kao Fu-Cheng , Li Yun-Da , Lee De-Mei , Jin Hui , Tai Ching-Lung , Tsai Tsung-Ting , Lai Po-Liang , Chen Weng-Pin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cervical total disc replacement (TDR) is commonly performed to treat degenerative cervical spondylosis, but it often faces challenges such as implant wear and migration. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel 3D-printed TDR featuring a titanium endplate and a lattice-structured poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) design. The primary objective was to replicate the natural motion of the cervical disc while addressing complications associated with conventional TDRs.

Methods
The novel implant was created using additive manufacturing techniques, incorporating three lattice-structured PEEK designs (Cross, Octet, and Ventiles) for the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus components. A finite element analysis was conducted to compare the biomechanical performance of the novel TDR with an intact cervical disc and a commercially available TDR (Baguera®C, Spineart SA, Geneva, Switzerland). Key parameters, including maximal von Mises stresses, range of motion, paths of the instantaneous center of rotation, and facet joint stresses, were evaluated under physiological loads (100 N follower load and 1.5 Nm pure moments).

Results
The novel 3D-printed TDR maintained structural integrity, with stresses remaining within the yield strength of PEEK. The biomechanical performance closely resembled that of an intact cervical disc, demonstrating similar ranges of motion, instantaneous center of rotation paths, and facet joint stress distributions.

Conclusion
The findings indicate that the innovative 3D-printed TDR may restore normal cervical spinal kinematics more effectively than existing commercial options, potentially reducing the risk of post-operative facet joint syndrome. Further experimental and clinical studies are recommended to validate these results.
Lithospheric Foundering in Progress Imaged Under an Extinct Continental Arc
Authors: Schulte‐Pelkum Vera , Kilb Deborah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA long‐standing question is how felsic continental crust is differentiated from its mafic parent mantle magmas. One currently proposed fundamental mechanism is lithospheric foundering and loss of dense material into the mantle. A type locality is the young extinct arc forming the Sierra Nevada, California. Here, we image a distinct anisotropic shear layer below the crust‐mantle boundary using receiver functions. The sense of shear is consistent with west‐ to southwestward removal of lithosphere. The shear signal is strongest in the southern Sierra, where lithospheric foundering was proposed to have concluded several million years ago, and is deeper and less pronounced in the central Sierra, where ongoing lithospheric foundering is corroborated by a band of unusually deep (40+ km) seismicity along the western foothills. Our observations provide progressive snapshots of a lithospheric foundering process spanning several million years and hundreds of kilometers, illuminating a fundamental differentiation process by which continents are built.
Seasonal Snow Cycles and Their Possible Influence on Seismic Velocity Changes and Eruptive Activity at Ruapehu Volcano, New Zealand
Authors: Yates Alexander S. , Caudron Corentin , Mordret Aurélien , Lesage Philippe , Pinel Virginie , Lecocq Thomas , Miller Craig A. , Lamb Oliver D. , Fournier Nicolas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding volcanic eruption triggers is critical toward anticipating future activity. While internal magma dynamics typically receive more attention, the influence of external processes remains less understood. In this context, we explore the relationship between seasonal snow cycles and eruptive activity at Ruapehu, New Zealand. This is motivated by apparent seasonality in the eruptive record, where a higher than expected proportion of eruptions (post‐1960) occur in spring (including the two previous eruptions of 2006 and 2007). Employing recent advancements in passive seismic interferometry, we compute sub‐surface seismic velocity changes between 2005 and 2009 using the cross‐wavelet transform approach. Stations on the volcano record a higher velocity in winter, closely correlated with the presence of snow. Inverting for depth suggests these changes occur within the upper 300 m. Notably, we observe that the timing of the previous two eruptions coincides with a period associated with an earlier velocity decrease at approximately 200–300 m depth relative to the surface. Reduced water infiltration (as precipitation falls as snow) is considered a likely control of seasonal velocities, while modeling also points to a contribution from snow‐loading. We hypothesize that this latter process may play a role toward explaining seasonality in the eruptive record. Our findings shed light on the complex interactions between volcanoes and external environmental processes, highlighting the need for more focused research in this area. Pursuing this line of inquiry has significant implications toward improved risk and hazard assessments at not just Ruapehu, but also other volcanoes globally that experience seasonal snow cover.
Changes in the Deep Convective Structures of Tropical Cyclones Associated With the Diurnal Pulse
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Xu Weixin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study uses satellite passive microwave (PMW) and spaceborne precipitation radar (PR) observations to investigate changes in the cloud and precipitation structures of tropical cyclones (TCs) experiencing diurnal pulses (DPs). A total of 4677 PMW and 3074 PR snapshots are matched with DP and non‐DP events of TCs objectively identified from infrared satellite images. The PMW observations suggest that compared to non‐DP events, the inner‐core (0–100 km) cold clouds containing both ice and liquid particles become more frequent and widespread when DP occurs. The greatest DP‐associated enhancement of cold clouds occurs in the downshear left quadrant of weak TCs (tropical storms) and in the upshear region of moderate‐to‐strong (≥ CAT 1) hurricanes, respectively. Also, the inner‐core cold clouds of DP events still maintain a relatively symmetric distribution under high‐shear (>10 ms−1) environments compared to non‐DP counterparts. The inner‐core warm cloud, dominated by liquid hydrometeors, increases in regions right of the shear but decreases left of the shear during DP events. Similarly, PR echo‐top height statistics show significant increases of moderate‐to‐deep convection in the TC inner region (0–300 km) on DP events especially for weak TCs. Particularly, the upshear‐right quadrant has the greatest increase in moderate‐to‐deep convection during DP events. These changes lead to a deeper and more symmetric convective structure of TCs' inner region with the occurrence of DPs.
Ionospheric Response to the Extreme 2024 Mother's Day Geomagnetic Storm Over the Latin American Sector
Authors: Carmo C. S. , Dai L. , Wrasse C. M. , Barros D. , Takahashi H. , Figueiredo C. A. O. B. , Wang C. , Li H. , Liu Z. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGeomagnetic storms affect Earth in various severe ways, including damaging satellites, disrupting power grids, and inducing prompt penetration electric fields (PPEF) through Joule heating in the auroral region. They also cause disturbance dynamo electric fields (DDEF), generate or suppress equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs), and lead to other significant effects. The extreme geomagnetic storm on 10 May 2024, altered the dynamics of the ionosphere. The ionospheric response was investigated in this study. Our methodology utilized a combined data set, including GNSS receivers in the Latin American sector, and data from ionosondes in São Luis (SALU) and Cachoeira Paulista (CHPI). CHPI also features a Fabry‐Pérot interferometer (FPI) and an All‐Sky Imager (ASI). Super EPB was observed in the American sector. This structure drifted westward at a velocity of ∼140 m/s and had a large latitudinal extension, reaching about 36° geomagnetic latitude, this corresponds to an apex height of around 4,500 km. The depletion lasted for a long duration of 12 hr, from 22:30 to 10:30 UT. The geomagnetic storm caused a super fountain effect, propelling plasma from the equator to a distance of ∼35° latitude, and depositing high‐density plasma on the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA).
Feasibility of video‐based skill assessment for percutaneous nephrostomy training in Senegal
Authors: Hisey Rebecca , Ndiaye Fatou Bintou , Sunderland Kyle , Seck Idrissa , Mbaye Moustapha , Keita Mohammed , Diahame Mamadou , Kikinis Ron , Diao Babacar , Fichtinger Gabor , Camara Mamadou 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPercutaneous nephrostomy can be an effective means of preventing irreparable renal damage from obstructive renal disease thereby providing patients with more time to access treatment to remove the source of the blockage. In sub‐Saharan Africa, where there is limited access to treatments such as dialysis and transplantation, a nephrostomy can be life‐saving. Training this procedure in simulation can allow trainees to develop their technical skills without risking patient safety, but still requires an ex‐pert observer to provide performative feedback. In this study, the feasibility of using video as an accessible method to assess skill in simulated percutaneous nephrostomy is evaluated. Six novice urology residents and six expert urologists from Ouakam Military Hospital in Dakar, Senegal performed 4 nephrostomies each using the setup. Motion‐based metrics were computed for each trial from the predicted bounding boxes of a trained object detection network, and these metrics were compared between novices and experts. The authors were able to measure significant differences in both ultrasound and needle handling between novice and expert participants. Additionally, performance changes could be measured within each group over multiple trials. Conclusions: Video‐based skill assessment is a feasible and accessible option for providing trainees with quantitative performance feedback in sub‐Saharan Africa.