bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexity as a factor for task allocation among general practitioners and nurse practitioners: a narrative review
Authors: Cody Robyn , Gysin Stefan , Merlo Christoph , Gemperli Armin , Essig Stefan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
General practitioner (GP) shortages and increasing demand for care led to the introduction of nurse practitioners (NPs) to primary care. Many concepts for task sharing among health professionals feature complexity. The aim of this narrative review was to examine how complexity is used as a factor for task allocation between GPs and NPs.

Methods
According to the PRISMA statement, PubMed and CINAHL were searched systematically, and eligibility criteria were applied to detect literature concerning GPs and NPs in primary care and complexity in the context of task allocation. Relevant information was extracted, and a narrative analysis was performed.

Results
Thirty-seven studies from seven countries were included, comprising quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Complexity was used to describe patients, their needs, and health professionals’ tasks. The understanding of the use of complexity as a factor for task allocation between NPs and GPs was based on the patient population (specific vs. unspecific), the setting (specific vs. unspecific), the numbers of health professionals involved (two vs. more than two), and the NP role (distinct model of care vs. no model). Despite similarities in these areas, the tasks which NPs perform range from providing minor to complex care. However, there is a slight trend towards NPs treating socially complex patients and GPs focusing on medically complex cases.

Conclusion
Complexity as a concept is prominent in primary care but remains broad and inconsistent as a factor for task allocation between NPs and GPs. This review can be used as a point of reference when practitioners are seeking methods for task allocation in a collaborative primary care setting.
Comparative study between Fenton and intergrowth 21 charts in a sample of Lebanese premature babies
Authors: Samarani Marie , Restom Gianna , Mardini Joelle , Abi Fares Georges , Hallit Souheil , Fadous Khalife Marie-Claude 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Different charts are used to assess premature growth. The Fenton chart, based on prenatal growth, has been used in the neonates’ intensive care unit (NICU) of the Notre Dame des Secours University Hospital to assess premature newborns’ development. Intergrowth21 is a new multidisciplinary, multiethnic growth chart better adapted to premature growth. Our objective was to compare both charts Fenton and Intergrowth21 in order to implement Intergrowth in our unit.

Methods
We analyzed 318 files of premature babies born who were admitted to the NICU from 2010 till 2017. Anthropometric data (weight, height and head circumference) converted to percentiles was filled on both charts from birth till 1 month of age.

Results
The results of the linear regression, taking the weight at birth as the dependent variable, showed that the Fenton scale (R2 = 0.391) would predict the weight at birth better than the Intergrowth 21 scale (R2 = 0.257). The same applies for height and cranial perimeter at birth when taken as dependent variables. When considering the weight and height at 2 weeks, the results showed that the Intergrowth 21 scale would predict those variables better than the Fenton scale, with higher R2 values higher in favor of the Intergrowth 21 scale for both weight (0.384 vs 0.311) and height (0.650 vs 0.585). At 4 weeks, the results showed that the Fenton scale would predict weight (R2 = 0.655 vs 0.631) and height (R2 = 0.710 vs 0.643) better than the Intergrowth 21 scale. The results obtained were adjusted over the newborns’ sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Conclusion
The results of our study are controversial where the Fenton growth charts are superior to Intergrowth 21 before 2 weeks of age and at 4 weeks, whereas Intergrowth 21 charts showed higher percentiles for weight and height than Fenton charts at 2 two weeks of age. Further studies following a different design, such as a clinical trial or a prospective study, taking multiple ethnicities into account and conducted in multiple centers should be considered to enroll a more representative sample of Lebanese children and be able to extrapolate our results to the national level.
Social networks and obesity among Somali immigrants and refugees
Authors: Njeru Jane W. , Wieland Mark L. , Okamoto Janet M. , Novotny Paul J. , Breen-Lyles Margaret K. , Osman Ahmed , Ahmed Yahye A. , Nur Mohamud A. , Nur Omar , Sia Irene G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Somali immigrants and refugees to the United States are at high risk for obesity and related cardiovascular risk. Social network factors influence health behaviors and are important contributors to the obesity epidemic. The objective of this study was to describe social networks and obesity-related characteristics among adult Somali immigrants in a Minnesota city in order to inform a community-based, participatory, research-derived, social network intervention to decrease obesity rates.

Methods
Survey data (demographics, general health measures, and sociobehavioral and network measures) and height and weight measures (for calculating body mass index) were collected from adult Somali immigrants by bilingual study team members at community locations. Descriptive statistics were used to report the survey and biometric data. Logistic regression models were used to describe the basic associations of participants and network factors. Network data were analyzed to identify nodes and ties, to visualize the network, and to identify potential interventionists for a future social network intervention.

Results
Of the 646 participants, 50% were overweight or affected by obesity. The network had 1703 nodes with 3583 ties between nodes, and modularity was high (0.75). Compared with respondents of normal weight, participants who were overweight or affected by obesity had more network members who were also overweight or obese (odds ratio [OR], 2.90; 95% CI, 1.11–7.56; P = .03); this was most notable for men (OR, 4.58; 95% CI, 1.22–17.22; P = .02) and suggestive for those 50 years or older (OR, 24.23; 95% CI, 1.55–377.83; P = .03). Weight loss intention among participants who were overweight or affected by obesity was associated with number of family members and friends trying to lose weight, enabling functional network factors (social norms for weight loss, social support for healthy eating, and social cohesion), and less favorable obesogenic social norms.

Conclusions
In this community sample of Somali immigrants, distinct social networks are clustered by weight status, and social contacts and functional network characteristics are related to individuals’ weight loss intentions. These factors should be considered in weight loss interventions and programs. A social network intervention targeting weight loss, within a community-based participatory research framework, is feasible in this vulnerable population.
School factors and student drinking in high schools: a cross-sectional study of school policies and party regulation
Authors: Pisinger Veronica S. C. , Bendtsen Pernille , Hulvej Rod Morten , Tolstrup Janne S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The effectiveness of school alcohol polices may be affected by the degree of strictness of rules, how they are implemented and enforced, students’ perception of the rules and the consequences of breaking them. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that more liberal school alcohol policies, lack of knowledge of the alcohol policy, lower prices of alcohol at school parties, and liberal party regulation were associated with more drinking among high school students.

Methods
Participants were high school students (n = 68,898), participating in the Danish National Youth Study in 2014. Data came from questionnaires answered by high school students and school headmasters. Zero-inflated negative binominal regression with clustering of schools (n = 117) was used to assess the associations between alcohol policy reported by school headmaster and weekly alcohol intake reported by students. Multilevel negative binominal regression was used to assess the associations between alcohol price and liberal party regulations and units consumed at the last school party and units consumed at the school during the last school party.

Results
In general, school alcohol policies were not associated with high school students’ weekly alcohol intake. High school students who did not know the school alcohol policy had a higher weekly alcohol intake (0.16 drinks 95% CL [0.11;0.21] p = 0.000), compared to students who knew the policy. Lower beer prices were positively associated with the number of drinks consumed at the school (p = 0.004), but not with the total amount consumed at the last school party (p = 0.728). High school students who agreed that students who were drunk could buy alcohol had a higher alcohol intake at the last school party (OR = 0.20 drinks 95% CL [0.18;0.21], p < 0.001) and drank more at the school (0.17 drinks 95% CL [0.15;0.18], p < 0.001) compared to those who did not agree that students who were drunk could buy alcohol.

Conclusion
School alcohol policies were generally not associated with drinking among high school students, whereas students’ lack of knowledge of the school policy was associated with a higher weekly alcohol intake. An addition, lower prices and liberal party regulation was associated with higher alcohol intake at school parties.
Proof-of-concept study of the efficacy of a microbiota-directed complementary food formulation (MDCF) for treating moderate acute malnutrition
Authors: Mostafa Ishita , Nahar Naila Nurun , Islam Md. Munirul , Huq Sayeeda , Mustafa Mahfuz , Barratt Michael , Gordon Jeffrey I. , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Childhood undernutrition remains a significant global health challenge accounting for over half of all under 5 child mortality. Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), which leads to wasting [weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) between − 2 and − 3], affects 33 million children under 5 globally and more than 2 million in Bangladesh alone. We have previously reported that acute malnutrition in this population is associated with gut microbiota immaturity, and in a small, 1-month pre-proof-of-concept (POC) study demonstrated that a microbiota-directed complementary food formulation (MDCF-2) was able to repair this immaturity, promote weight gain and increase plasma biomarkers and mediators of healthy growth. Here we describe the design controlled feeding study that tests whether MDCF-2 exhibits superior efficacy (ponderal growth, host biomarkers of a biological state) than a conventional Ready-to-use Supplementary Food (RUSF) in children with MAM over intervention period of 3 months.

Methods
Two separate cohorts of 12–18-month-old children will be enrolled: 124 with primary MAM, and 124 with MAM after having been treated for severe acute malnutrition (post-SAM MAM). We have established several field sites in an urban slum located in the Mirpur district of Dhaka, Bangladesh and at a rural site, Kurigram in the north of Bangladesh. The two groups of children receiving MDCF-2 and RUSF will be compared at baseline (pre-intervention), after 1 month, at the end of intervention (3 months), 1 month after cessation of intervention, and every 6 months thereafter for 4 years.

Discussion
This study will determine whether daily, controlled administration of MDCF-2 for 3 months provides superior improvements in weight gain, microbiota repair, and elevated levels of key plasma biomarkers/mediators of healthy growth compared to the control RUSF formulation. The pathogenesis of MAM is poorly defined and there are currently no WHO-approved treatments; results from the current study of children with primary MAM and post-SAM MAM will shed light on the effects of the gut microbiota on childhood growth/development and will provide a knowledge base that may help improve complementary feeding practices.

Trial registration
The primary MAM and post-SAM MAM trials are registered in Clintrials.gov (NCT04015999 and NCT04015986, registered on July 11, 2019, retrospectively registered).
Revisiting the trajectory of medical students’ empathy, and impact of gender, specialty preferences and nationality: a systematic review
Authors: Andersen Freja Allerelli , Johansen Ann-Sofie Bering , Søndergaard Jens , Andersen Christina Maar , Assing Hvidt Elisabeth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Empathy allows a physician to understand the patient’s situation and feelings and respond appropriately. Consequently, empathy gives rise to better diagnostics and clinical outcomes. This systematic review investigates the level of empathy among medical students across the number of educational years and how this level relates to gender, specialty preferences, and nationality.

Method
In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), the authors conducted a systematic search of studies published between February 2010 and March 2019 investigating the level of empathy among medical students. The databases PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched. Studies employing quantitative methodologies and published in English or Scandinavian language and examining medical students exclusively were included.

Results
Thirty studies were included of which 24 had a cross-sectional and 6 a longitudinal study design. In 14 studies, significantly lower levels of empathy were reported by increase in the number of educational years. The remaining 16 studies identified both higher, mixed and unchanged levels. In 18 out of 27 studies it was reported that females had higher empathy scores than males. Only three out of nine studies found an association between empathy scores and specialty preferences. Nine out of 30 studies reported a propensity towards lower mean empathy scores in non-Western compared to Western countries.

Conclusion
The results revealed equivocal findings concerning how the empathy level among medical students develops among medical students across numbers of educational years and how empathy levels are associated with gender, specialty preferences, and nationality. Future research might benefit from focusing on how students’ empathy is displayed in clinical settings, e.g. in clinical encounters with patients, peers and other health professionals.
Improvement of quantitative solution 31P NMR analysis of soil organic P: a study of spin–lattice relaxation responding to paramagnetic ions
Authors: Jiang Yunbin , Zhang Fengmin , Ren Chao , Li Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSolution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been widely applied to analyze the speciation of soil organic P; however, this time-consuming technique suffers from a low analytical efficiency, because of the lack of fundamental information such as the spin–lattice relaxation (T1) of 31P nucleus for model P compounds. In this study, we for the first time determined the T1 values of twelve typical soil organic P compounds using the inversion recovery method. Furthermore, we examined the effect of co-existing paramagnetic ions (e.g., Fe3+ and Mn2+) on the reduction of the T1 values of these compounds. Without the addition of paramagnetic ions, the T1 values of twelve model P compounds ranged from 0.61 s for phytic acid to 9.65 s for orthophosphate. In contrast, the presence of paramagnetic ion significantly shortened the T1 values of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate, and phytic acid to 1.29, 1.26, and 0.07 s, respectively, except that of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) remaining unchanged. Additionally, we evaluated the feasibility of improving the efficiency of quantitative 31P NMR analysis via addition of paramagnetic ion. Results show that, after an addition of 50 mg L−1 paramagnetic ions, 31P NMR measurement can be 3 times more efficient, attributed to the reduced T1 and the corresponding recycle delay.
Metabolomic analyses of the bio-corona formed on TiO2 nanoparticles incubated with plant leaf tissues
Authors: Kurepa Jasmina , Shull Timothy E. , Smalle Jan A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The surface of a nanoparticle adsorbs molecules from its surroundings with a specific affinity determined by the chemical and physical properties of the nanomaterial. When a nanoparticle is exposed to a biological system, the adsorbed molecules form a dynamic and specific surface layer called a bio-corona. The present study aimed to identify the metabolites that form the bio-corona around anatase TiO2 nanoparticles incubated with leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

Results
We used an untargeted metabolomics approach and compared the metabolites isolated from wild-type plants with plants deficient in a class of polyphenolic compounds called flavonoids.

Conclusions
These analyses showed that TiO2 nanoparticle coronas are enriched for flavonoids and lipids and that these metabolite classes compete with each other for binding the nanoparticle surface.
Retraction Note: Mir-655 up-regulation suppresses cell invasion by targeting pituitary tumor-transforming gene-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Zang Wenqiao , Du Yuwen , Ma Yunyun , Li Min , Li Ping , Chen Xudong , Wang Tao , Dong Ziming , Zhao Guoqiang 
Published: February 2020

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article [1] because Figure 3a overlaps with Figure 2 in [2]. An investigation by Zhengzhou University has confirmed this. The data reported in this article are therefore unreliable. There is also considerable text overlap with a previously published article [3]. Guoqiang Zhao does not agree with this retraction. The other authors have not responded to correspondence from the editor about this retraction.
Perinatal mental health care from the user and provider perspective: protocol for a qualitative study in Switzerland
Authors: Berger Anke , Schenk Karin , Ging Ankica , Walther Sebastian , Cignacco Eva 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Mental disorders in the perinatal period (PMD) can severely harm women and their children if not detected early and treated appropriately. Even though mental health care is covered by health insurance and is used widely by women in the perinatal period in Switzerland, it is not known if the care provided is meeting the needs of the patients and is efficient in the view of health care professionals. The aim of this study is to identify strengths, gaps and requirements for adequate mental health care in the perinatal period from the perspectives of patients and care providers for a wide range of relevant mental disorders.

Methods
In the qualitative study we conduct (1) semi-structured single interviews with former PMD patients to obtain narratives about their experiences and needs for health care for their condition. Women are included who have been treated for PMD but are mentally stable at the time of the interview (n = 24). We will stratify the sample by 4 clusters of relevant ICD-10 F-diagnoses, covering the most frequent and the most severe mental disorders. We will further stratify the sample based on whether the women already had experience with psychiatric or psychological health care or not before their last episode of PMD. We will also conduct (2) three interprofessional focus groups with health and social care professionals involved in perinatal care, and a health insurance representative. The focus groups will consist of 5–8 professionals. Data collection and thematic analysis will consider Levesque’s et al. (2013) conceptual model on access to health care.

Discussion
The study will provide fundamental data on the experiences and perspectives about perinatal mental health care from user and provider perspectives. The study will generate the evidence base needed to develop models of integrated, coordinated, patient- and family-centred care that is accessed by women with various types of PMD.

Trial registration
The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in November 2019 under the identifier NCT04185896.
Efficacy analysis of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with kyphosis
Authors: Li Zhikun , Wang Yi , Xu Youjia , Xu Wei , Zhu Xiaodong , Chen Chao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate the clinical effect of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in the treatment of osteoporotic compression vertebral fracture (OVCF) of the thoracolumbar vertebra with kyphosis.

Methods
One hundred sixty-six patients before June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and patients were divided into PPSF + PVP group A and PVP group B. Operative time, bone mineral density, postoperative bed time, high compression ratio, bone cement leakage rate, and bone cement dose were recorded. Comparison of vertebral anterior edge height, Cobb angle, visual analogue score (VAS), and low back pain dysfunction index (ODI) between the two groups in preoperative, postoperative 3 days, postoperative 6 months, postoperative 12 months, and postoperative 24 months, postoperative complications were observed in the two groups.

Results
The operation time of group A was longer than that of group B (59.0 ± 8.6 min, 26.6 ± 5.2 min), longer postoperative bed rest time (3.3 ± 0.7 days, 1.2 ± 0.5 days), the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01), there was no difference in the amount of bone cement between the two groups (5.4 ± 0.6 ml, 5.3 ± 0.8 ml) (P > 0.05). The height of the anterior edge and Cobb angle of the two groups recovered significantly in postoperative 3 days. The height of anterior edge (2.7 ± 0.3 cm, 2.6 ± 0.2 cm, 2.5 ± 0.7 cm; 2.3 ± 0.6 cm, 1.7 ± 0.5 cm, 1.6 ± 0.3 cm) and Cobb angle (4.9 ± 2.2, 5.5 ± 2.3, 5.7 ± 2.3; 12.4 ± 3.2, 17.2 ± 2.5, 13.2 ± 2.3) was statistically significant in postoperative 6 months, postoperative 12 months, and postoperative 24 months (P < 0.01). VAS and ODI scores of postoperative 6 months and 12 months were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications in group B were much higher than those in group A.

Conclusion
The efficacy of PVP alone was not satisfactory, and the rate of complications was high for OVCF patients with severe anterior edge compression with kyphosis. PPSF combined with PVP is recommended, the vertebral height loss was not obvious, the satisfaction was good, and the complication rate was lower during 2 years follow-up.
Retraction Note: Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib and integrin antagonist peptide HM-3 show similar lipid raft dependent biphasic regulation of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis
Authors: Hu Jialiang , Wang Wenjing , Liu Chen , Li Mengwei , Nice Edouard , Xu Hanmei 
Published: February 2020

The authors have retracted this article [1] because the bands shown in Fig. 5 panel D for GTP-RhoA/Control, GTP-RhoA/Sunitinib (2 and 64 nM) and GTP-RhoA/HM-3 (4.5 and 72 uM) are not data generated as part of this study. All authors agree to this retraction.