bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory control of positive and negative information and adolescent depressive symptoms: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Lewis Gemma , Button Katherine S. , Pearson Rebecca M. , Munafò Marcus R. , Lewis Glyn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLarge population-based cohort studies of neuropsychological factors that characterise or precede depressive symptoms are rare. Most studies use small case-control or cross-sectional designs, which may cause selection bias and cannot test temporality. In a large UK population-based cohort, we investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between inhibitory control of positive and negative information and adolescent depressive symptoms.MethodsCohort study of 2328 UK adolescents who completed an affective go/no-go task at age 18. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Clinical Interview Schedule Revised (CIS-R) and short Mood and Feeling Questionnaire (sMFQ) at age 18, and with the sMFQ 1 year later (age 19). Analyses were multilevel and traditional linear regressions, before and after adjusting for confounders.ResultsCross-sectionally, we found little evidence that adolescents with more depressive symptoms made more inhibitory control errors [after adjustments, errors increased by 0.04% per 1 s.d. increase in sMFQ score (95% confidence interval 0.02–0.06)], but this association was not observed for the CIS-R. There was no evidence for an influence of valence. Longitudinally, there was no evidence that reduced inhibitory control was associated with future depressive symptoms.ConclusionsInhibitory control of positive and negative information does not appear to be a marker of current or future depressive symptoms in adolescents and would not be a useful target in interventions to prevent adolescent depression. Our lack of convincing evidence for associations with depressive symptoms suggests that the affective go/no-go task is not a promising candidate for future neuroimaging studies of adolescent depression.
Relationship between nutrition knowledge, education and other determinants of food intake and lifestyle habits among adolescents from urban and rural secondary schools in Tyrol, Western Austria
Authors: Egg Sabrina , Wakolbinger Maria , Reisser Anna , Schätzer Manuel , Wild Birgit , Rust Petra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the number of hours of nutrition education and teachers’ qualifications with nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviour in students.Design:In this representative cross-sectional study, socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements, socio-economic status (SES), physical fitness, nutrition knowledge and eating habits were assessed. Differences between groups were tested byχ2andttests. Multiple linear and logistic regression modelling was used to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics, lifestyle and dietary behaviours, nutrition knowledge, nutrition-trained teachers and number of nutrition lessons.Setting:Sixteen secondary schools in urban (n6) and rural regions (n10) of Tyrol, Western Austria.Participants:Students (n513) aged 14·2 (sd0·7) years.Results:Higher nutrition knowledge was significantly associated with attending rural school (P= 0·001), having no migration background (P< 0·001), (very) good physical activity behaviour (P= 0·040), non-trained teacher (P= 0·006) but higher number of hours of nutrition education (P= 0·013). Regression models showed that higher nutrition knowledge was independently associated with lower intake of meat and iced tea and higher intake of vegetables and plant-based oils. A higher amount of nutrition education (h/week) was significantly associated with higher intake of dark (wholegrain) bread, lower intake of meat and of energy drinks sweetened with sweeteners.Conclusions:Our results suggest that more hours in nutrition education result in higher nutrition knowledge and greater nutrition literacy, which may lead to health-promoting dietary habits. School-based nutrition education can be seen as preventive measure to increase nutritional competences in adolescents independent of their SES.
Prevalence of carotid plaque stenosis after head and neck	radiotherapy – an observational study of 156 survivors
Authors: Valentin Marie-Luise , Barco Stefano , Studer Gabriela , Clemens Robert , Kreuzpointner Robert , Sebastian Tim , Thalhammer Christoph , Kucher Nils 
Published: July 2020

Summary: Background: Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC) represents a well-known predisposing factor for asymptomatic carotid artery lesions and acute cerebrovascular accidents. Our aim is to provide contemporary estimates on the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of carotid artery lesions in HNC survivors. Patients and methods: We prospectively included HNC patients who underwent radiotherapy and were free from the disease at the time of duplex ultrasound evaluation. Patients were re-contacted telephonically and those who agreed to participate were invited for an ambulatory visit when the investigators collected clinical information and performed duplex ultrasound examination based on a predefined protocol. Results: A total of 156 patients were included and underwent duplex ultrasound examination after a mean of 65.2 months from the last session of radiotherapy. A total of 36 patients (23.1%) had normal carotid arteries; mild, non-stenotic lesions were observed in 49.4% (n = 77) of patients; severe stenotic plaques were found in 27.5% (n = 43) of patients. One patient found with an asymptomatic occlusion of the left ICA. The prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and high radiation dose increased proportionally with plaque severity. Low echogenicity plaque was found in 59 (37.8%) patients on the right side and 57 (36.5%) on the left side; long segment plaque in 49 (31.4%) patients on the right side and in 47 (30.1%) on the left side; an atypical location of the lesions in 42 (26.9%) patients on the right side and in 48 (30.8%) on the left side. Conclusions: The prevalence of occlusion and severe stenosis after radiotherapy for HNC was very low in our study population. Low echogenicity plaque, long segment plaque, and an atypical location were common findings. Classic cardiovascular risk factors appear to have had a causative role: a routine screening of radiotherapy-treated patients might be necessary only in patients with concomitant cardiovascular risk factors or exposed to high-dose neck radiation.
High‐Sensitivity Moment Magnetometry With the Quantum Diamond Microscope
Authors: Fu Roger R. , Lima Eduardo A. , Volk Michael W. R. , Trubko Raisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInterest in magnetic fields on the ancient Earth and other planetary bodies has motivated the paleomagnetic analysis of complex rocks such as meteorites that carry heterogeneous magnetizations at <<1 mm scales. The net magnetic moment of natural remanent magnetization (NRM) in such small samples is often below the detection threshold of common cryogenic magnetometers. The quantum diamond microscope (QDM) is an emerging magnetic imaging technology with ~1 μm resolution and can, in principle, recover magnetizations as weak as 10−17 Am2. However, the typically 1–100 μm sample‐to‐sensor distance of QDM measurements can result in complex (nondipolar) magnetic field maps, from which the net magnetic moment cannot be determined using a simple algorithm. Here we generate synthetic magnetic field maps to quantify the errors introduced by sample nondipolarity and by map processing procedures such as upward continuation. We find that inversions based on least squares dipole fits of upward continued data can recover the net moment of complex samples with <5% to 10% error for maps with signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the range typical of current generation QDMs. We validate these error estimates experimentally using comparisons between QDM maps and between QDM and SQUID microscope data, concluding that, within the limitations described here, the QDM is a robust technique for recovering the net magnetic moment of weakly magnetized samples. More sophisticated net moment fitting algorithms in the future can be combined with upward continuation methods described here to improve accuracy.
Influence of a Subducted Oceanic Ridge on the Distribution of Shallow VLFEs in the Nankai Trough as Revealed by Moment Tensor Inversion and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Toh A. , Chen W. J. , Takeuchi N. , Dreger D. S. , Chi W. C. , Ide S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe eastern Nankai Trough is a unique site where many shallow, very low frequency earthquakes (sVLFEs) are recorded by nearby broadband ocean bottom seismometers. Here, we estimated the locations and seismic moment tensors (MTs) of sVLFEs based on the low‐frequency (<0.07 Hz) components of the records. Although some sVLFEs exhibited long‐duration signals (>100 s), indicating a degree of source complexity, the MT inversions were limited to events with impulsive and short durations (20–30 s). Nevertheless, cluster analysis confirmed that the MTs of impulsive sVLFEs reasonably represented the overall deformation for an event group including many longer‐duration events. The distribution of MTs indicates that deformations associated with sVLFEs are influenced by a subducted oceanic ridge in this region, which produces an along‐the‐trough variation in a strain accumulation/release pattern and probably controls the spatial patterns of tsunami generation.
Quantifying a Novel Climate Through Changes in PDO‐Climate and PDO‐Salmon Relationships
Authors: Litzow Michael A. , Malick Michael J. , Bond Nicholas A. , Cunningham Curry J. , Gosselin Jennifer L. , Ward Eric J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe used changing relationships between primary climate variables and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index to quantify novel climate conditions during rapid warming of the Gulf of Alaska in 2014–2019. Using Bayesian regression, we show that the PDO had a weaker relationship with North Pacific sea‐level pressure than in previous decades and was associated with warmer regional temperatures, reduced wind mixing, and weaker alongshore transport. Climate conditions mapping onto the PDO during 2014–2019 appear to be unique in the historical record. The potential for surprising ecological responses to novel climates is highlighted by a switch to unique, negative correlations between the PDO and salmon production, contrasting with positive or neutral correlations during previous decades. Novel climates are emerging globally, and tracking changing associations between primary variables and climate indices may be a useful approach for quantifying both the degree of climate novelty and the potential for surprising ecological responses.
Estimation of the Atmospheric Ice Content Mass, Spatial Distribution, and Long‐Term Changes Based on the ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Dou T. , Xiao C. , Huang Y. , Yue H. , Han W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aerial cryosphere refers to all ice bodies in the atmosphere and has important impacts on the development of weather systems, climate change, and aviation safety. The total mass of the aerial cryosphere is evaluated for the first time based on the fifth generation European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts \atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) reanalysis data set, and the spatiotemporal variability and long‐term change of the aerial cryosphere are investigated. The results show that the total mass of atmospheric ice is approximately 33.1 Gt [29.7–37.0 Gt], covering ~74.3% of the Earth's surface area with obvious latitudinal zonality and seasonal variability. The aerial cryosphere mass has been increasing over the past few decades due to the overall increase in the atmospheric water vapor content caused by rising global temperatures. Moreover, the contribution of warming to the ablation of the aerial cryosphere is negligible since there is no significant trend in the height of the atmospheric freezing point layer.
Global Dam‐Driven Changes to Riverine N:P:Si Ratios Delivered to the Coastal Ocean
Authors: Maavara Taylor , Akbarzadeh Zahra , Van Cappellen Philippe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRiver damming alters nutrient fluxes along the land‐ocean aquatic continuum as a result of biogeochemical processes in reservoirs. Both the changes in riverine nutrient fluxes and nutrient ratios impact ecosystem functioning of receiving water bodies. We utilize spatially distributed mechanistic models of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and silicon (Si) cycling in reservoirs to quantify changes in nutrient stoichiometry of river discharge to coastal waters. The results demonstrate that the growing number of dams decouples the riverine fluxes of N, P, and Si. Worldwide, preferential removal of P over N in reservoirs increases N:P ratios delivered to the ocean, raising the potential for P limitation of coastal productivity. By midcentury, more than half of the rivers discharging to the coastal zone will experience a higher removal of reactive Si relative to reactive P and total N, in response to the rapid pace at which new hydroelectric dams are being built.
Bottom Drag Varies Seasonally With Biological Roughness
Authors: Egan Galen , Chang Grace , Revelas Gene , Monismith Stephen , Fringer Oliver 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the course of a year, we conducted three field deployments in South San Francisco Bay to examine seasonal variability in bottom drag. Our data consisted of turbulence measurements both within and outside the bottom boundary layer and benthic characterization surveys adjacent to our study site. Our results suggest that canopies of benthic worm and amphipod feeding tubes, which were denser during summer, can increase the drag coefficient by up to a factor of three relative to the smoother beds found in winter and spring. The extent of the drag increase varied depending on the measurement device, with the greatest increase inferred by measurements taken further from the bed. The small scale and temporally varying population densities of these living roughness elements pose significant challenges for hydrodynamic models, and future work is needed to begin incorporating benthic biology statistics into drag coefficient parameterizations.
Robust Enhancement of Tropical Convective Activity by the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Noguchi S. , Kuroda Y. , Kodera K. , Watanabe S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTropical tropospheric responses to a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event that occurred over Antarctica in September 2019 have been investigated by conducting a series of ensemble forecast experiments. Comparative examinations between the normal forecast and the partially nudged forecast, whose stratospheric circulation is constrained to a reanalysis, reveal a significant enhancement/suppression in the convective activity (upwelling/downwelling) over the northern/southern part of the tropics. Such an acceleration of the Hadley circulation is set up by thermal structural changes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The tropical cooling caused by the enhanced Brewer‐Dobson circulation destabilizes the environment there and stimulates deep cumulus convections. In this case, the southern area of the Asian monsoon region is particularly sensitive. Although details of the triggered response depend on the adopted cumulus parameterization scheme, a boosting tendency of the convective upwelling via the SSW is robust.
Caldera Collapse Geometry Revealed by Near‐Field GPS Displacements at Kīlauea Volcano in 2018
Authors: Segall Paul , Anderson Kyle R. , Pulvirenti Fabio , Wang Taiyi , Johanson Ingrid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe employ near‐field GPS data to determine the subsurface geometry of a collapsing caldera during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption. Collapse occurred in 62 discrete events, with “inflationary” deformation external to the collapse, similar to previous basaltic collapses. We take advantage of GPS data from the collapsing block and independent constraints on the magma chamber geometry from inversion of deflation prior to collapse onset. This provides an unparalleled opportunity to constrain the collapse geometry. Employing an axisymmetric finite element model, the co‐collapse displacements are best explained by piston‐like subsidence along a high angle (∼85°) normal ring fault that may steepen to vertical with depth. Reservoir magma has compressibility of 2→15 × 10−10 Pa−1, indicating bubble volume fractions from 1% to 7% (lower if fault steepens with depth). Magma pressure increases during collapses are 1 to 3 MPa, depending on compressibility. Depressurization of a triaxial point source in a homogeneous half‐space fits the data well but provides a biased representation of the source depth and process.
Arctic Sea Ice in Two Configurations of the CESM2 During the 20th and 21st Centuries
Authors: DeRepentigny Patricia , Jahn Alexandra , Holland Marika M. , Smith Abigail 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe provide an assessment of the current and future states of Arctic sea ice simulated by the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). The CESM2 is the version of the CESM contributed to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We analyze changes in Arctic sea ice cover in two CESM2 configurations with differing atmospheric components: the CESM2(CAM6) and the CESM2(WACCM6). Over the historical period, the CESM2(CAM6) winter ice thickness distribution is biased thin, which leads to lower summer ice area compared to CESM2(WACCM6) and observations. In both CESM2 configurations, the timing of first ice‐free conditions is insensitive to the choice of CMIP6 future emissions scenario. In fact, the probability of an ice‐free Arctic summer remains low only if global warming stays below 1.5°C, which none of the CMIP6 scenarios achieve. By the end of the 21st century, the CESM2 simulates less ocean heat loss during the fall months compared to its previous version, delaying sea ice formation and leading to ice‐free conditions for up to 8 months under the high emissions scenario. As a result, both CESM2 configurations exhibit an accelerated decline in winter and spring ice area, a behavior that had not been previously seen in CESM simulations. Differences in climate sensitivity and higher levels of atmospheric CO2 by 2100 in the CMIP6 high emissions scenario compared to its CMIP5 analog could explain why this winter ice loss was not previously simulated by the CESM.
Groundwater Elusimicrobia are metabolically diverse compared to gut microbiome Elusimicrobia and some have a novel nitrogenase paralog
Authors: Méheust Raphaël , Castelle Cindy J , Matheus Carnevali Paula B , Farag Ibrahim F , He Christine , Chen Lin-Xing , Amano Yuki , Hug Laura A , Banfield Jillian F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Currently described members of Elusimicrobia, a relatively recently defined phylum, are animal-associated and rely on fermentation. However, free-living Elusimicrobia have been detected in sediments, soils and groundwater, raising questions regarding their metabolic capacities and evolutionary relationship to animal-associated species. Here, we analyzed 94 draft-quality, non-redundant genomes, including 30 newly reconstructed genomes, from diverse animal-associated and natural environments. Genomes group into 12 clades, 10 of which previously lacked reference genomes. Groundwater-associated Elusimicrobia are predicted to be capable of heterotrophic or autotrophic lifestyles, reliant on oxygen or nitrate/nitrite-dependent respiration, or a variety of organic compounds and Rhodobacter nitrogen fixation (Rnf) complex-dependent acetogenesis with hydrogen and carbon dioxide as the substrates. Genomes from two clades of groundwater-associated Elusimicrobia often encode a new group of nitrogenase paralogs that co-occur with an extensive suite of radical S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) proteins. We identified similar genomic loci in genomes of bacteria from the Gracilibacteria phylum and the Myxococcales order and predict that the gene clusters reduce a tetrapyrrole, possibly to form a novel cofactor. The animal-associated Elusimicrobia clades nest phylogenetically within two free-living-associated clades. Thus, we propose an evolutionary trajectory in which some Elusimicrobia adapted to animal-associated lifestyles from free-living species via genome reduction.
CircAGFG1 drives metastasis and stemness in colorectal cancer by modulating YY1/CTNNB1
Authors: Zhang Lei , Dong Xiaoqiao , Yan Bo , Yu Wenhua , Shan Letian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with high occurrence and mortality worldwide. In recent years, the overall survival rate of CRC patients has been improved because of the advances in early diagnosis and therapy. However, the prognosis of CRC patients at the advanced stage is still poor due to high recurrence rate and metastasis. The function of circular RNA (circRNA) ArfGAP with FG repeats 1 (circAGFG1) has been explored in non-small-cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. Nevertheless, its role in CRC is not clear. In this study, circAGFG1 was upregulated in CRC cell lines. CircAGFG1 silencing significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness, while promoted cell apoptosis in CRC. Meanwhile, we found that circAGFG1 also accelerated CRC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Importantly, circAGFG1 activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway through regulating CTNNB1. Afterwards, YY1 was found to transcriptionally activate CTNNB1. Furthermore, circAGFG1 directly sponged miR-4262 and miR-185-5p to upregulate YY1 expression. Eventually, rescue assays demonstrated that the effect of circAGFG1 silencing on CRC cell functions was observably reversed by upregulating YY1 or CTNNB1. In brief, our findings uncovered that circAGFG1 modulated YY1/CTNNB1 axis to drive metastasis and stemness in CRC by sponging miR-4262 and miR-185-5p.
Effects of ZnT8 on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Zhang Xiuli , Guan Tingwen , Yang Boxuan , Gu Harvest F. , Chi Zhihong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractZinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) transports zinc ions for crystallization and storage of insulin in pancreatic beta-cells and ZnT8 dysfunction is involved in pathogenesis of diabetes. The current study aimed to investigate whether ZnT8 has effects in pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by using animal models for diabetes, including STZ-induced diabetic, db/db, ZnT8-KO, ZnT8-KO-STZ and ZnT8-KO-db/db mice. Results demonstrated that urine albumin to creatinine ratio and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were increased in kidneys of ZnT8-KO-STZ and ZnT8-KO-db/db mice compared with C57BL/6 J and ZnT8-KO mice, while serum TGF-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were elevated in parallel. In kidneys of mice intercrossed between ZnT8-KO and STZ-induced diabetic or db/db mice, these three inflammatory factors, ACR and EMT were also found to be increased compared with C57BL/6J, db/db and ZnT8-KO mice. Furthermore, ZnT8 up-regulation by hZnT8-EGFP reduced the levels of high glucose (HG)-induced EMT and inflammatory factors in normal rat kidney tubular epithelial cell (NRK-52E cells). Expression of phosphorylated Smad2/Smad3 was up-regulated after HG stimulation and further enhanced by ZnT8 siRNA but down-regulated after hZnT8-EGFP gene transfection. The current study thus provides the first evidence that ZnT8 protects against EMT-tubulointerstitial fibrosis though the restrain of TGF-β1/Smads signaling activation in DKD.