bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La justicia penal militar colombiana y los principios procesales constitucionales de independencia e imparcialidad, después de la separación de la función de jurisdicción con la función de comando
Authors: Henao Toro Consuelo Amparo , Petro Gonz Ingrid Regina , Mar Felipe Andrés 
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo analiza la Justicia Penal Militar colombiana, su origen y evolución desde la vigencia del Decreto 2550 de 1988, según el cual los miembros de la Fuerza Pública podían ejercer simultáneamente las funciones de comando con las funciones de jurisdicción, toda vez que quien juzgaba no se encontraba técnicamente habilitado para desarrollar esa función por carecer de formación jurídica profesional y debía depender de terceras personas para emitir sus fallos, situación que contrariaba los principios de independencia e imparcialidad. Posteriormente, con la creación de la Ley 522 de 1999, actual Código Penal Militar, esas funciones fueron separadas y prohibidas, lo que amerita analizar estos principios a la luz de esta normativa penal militar.

AbstractThis article analyzes the Penal Military Colombian Justice system, its origin and evolution from the enforcement of Decree 2550 of 1988 according to which members of the security forces could exercise the functions of command simultaneously with the functions of jurisdiction, since he was deemed not technically qualified to perform that function due to lack of professional legal training and had to rely on third parties to issue their decisions, a situation that went against the principles of independence and impartiality. Later, with the creation of the Law 522 of 1999 current Military Penal Code, these functions were separated and thus deserving prohibited discuss these principles in light of the military criminal law.
Peynir altı suyu derişikleştirilme süreci için çeşitli membran temas ettirici sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: HASANOĞLU Ayça 
Published: April 2020

Peynir altı suyu (PAS), işlendikten sonra çok farklı
amaçlarla kullanılabilen süt endüstrisinin değerli bir yan ürünüdür. Protein, laktoz ve mineraller açısından zengin
bir içeriğe sahiptir ve bu yüzden bu yan ürünün değerlendirilmesi
gerekmektedir. PAS’ın işlenmesi için içeriğindeki suyun belli oranlarda uzaklaştırılarak
deriştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada PAS’ın deriştirilmesi membran temas
ettiricilerde gerçekleştirilmiştir.

PAS, hidrofobik içi boş polipropilen fiberler içeren
membran temas ettiriciler kullanılarak aktivite farkına dayalı bir süreç olan osmotik
damıtma ve sıcaklık ve kısmi basınç farkına dayalı membran damıtma süreçlerinde
deriştirilmiştir. Osmotik damıtmada çeşitli proses parametrelerinin su akısı
üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Deriştirme işlemi daha sonra vakum ve direkt
temas olmak üzere iki farklı membran damıtma konfigürasyonunda gerçekleştirilerek
sıcaklığın akı üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Sürecin osmotik damıtmada membran
damıtmaya göre daha etkin ve hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. Ancak
osmotik damıtmada zamanla çekme çözeltisi seyrelmekte ve bu da itici kuvvet olan
aktivite farkının düşmesine yol açmaktadır. Bunun önüne geçmek için osmotik damıtma
ile membran damıtma birleştirilerek kullanılmış, osmotik damıtmada PAS deriştirme
yapılırken, membran damıtma kısmında çekme çözeltisinin deriştirme işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Birleşik sistemde işlem verimli bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmiş, daha büyük
aktivite farkı altında çalışılarak yüksek akılar elde edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda
seyrelen çekme çözeltisi de bu sistemle geri kazanılmıştır.
Behavioral, Psychological, Neurophysiological, and Neuroanatomic Determinants of Pain
Authors: Meints Samantha M. , Edwards Robert R. , Gilligan Christopher , Schreiber Kristin L. 
Published: April 2020

➢ Unlike the biomedical model, the biopsychosocial model recognizes the important contributions of biological, psychological, and social modulators of pain.➢ This review provides a discussion of important behavioral, psychological, neurophysiological, and neuroanatomic factors that have been studied as contributors to bone and joint pain.➢ We highlight the importance of negative affect, catastrophizing, expectations, sleep, somatosensory function, physical activity, and coping on pain and related outcomes.➢ These psychosocial factors should be considered as possible risk and protective factors for the development of pain, as well as treatment targets that might be modulated to minimize the burden of pain.
Modification of surface layers of metal parts by pulse laser processing
Authors: Vereschagin M. N. , Tselueva S. N. , Tseluev M. Yu. 
Published: April 2020

One of the common technological schemes for the laser processing of metal parts is laser «glazing» of the deposited thin layer of powder on the substrate, which makes it possible to obtain microcrystalline and amorphous structures in thin surface layers of parts. Pulse melting of small volumes of metal on the surface provides homogeneous liquids (melts), which, after crystallization, can fix the structure of a liquid with unique properties.The presence of three energy input ranges for pulsed laser surface treatment (ILPO) has been established. At an average level of energy input, a process of laser surfacing of the material occurs, while a high adhesive bond between the coating and the workpiece is fixed. The deposition of an amorphized iron-based alloy coating on a metal base of St3, 45 20X13 steels begins at a laser radiation density on the treatment surface of 1800–2000 W/mm2, and alloying at 3500–4000 W/mm2. With ILPO, the laser exposure zone (ZLV) has a layered structure – the fusion zone (ZO), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the source material zone. To obtain an amorphous-crystalline structure of the coating, the laser pulse frequency should not exceed 3–8 Hz.
Dynamic Coarsening and Local Reordered Nonlinear Solvers for Simulating Transport in Porous Media
Authors: Klemetsdal Øystein S. , Lie Knut-Andreas 
Published: April 2020

Summary
We present a robust and flexible sequential solution approach in which the flow equation is solved on the original grid, whereas the transport equations are solved with a new dynamic coarsening method that adapts the grid resolution locally to reduce the number of cells as much as possible. The resulting grid is formed by combining precomputed coarse partitions of an underlying fine model. Our approach is flexible and makes very few assumptions on cell geometries and the topology of the grid. To further accelerate the transport step, we combine dynamic coarsening with a local nonlinear solver that permutes the discrete transport equations into an optimal block-triangular form so that these can be solved very efficiently using a nonlinear back-substitution method. Efficiency and utility of the overall approach are assessed through a number of conceptual test cases, including the Olympus field model.
Use of an Oxygen Planar Optode to Assess the Effect of High Velocity Microsprays on Oxygen Penetration in a Human Dental Biofilms In-Vitro
Authors: Khosravi Yalda , Kandukuri Raja Durga Prasad , Palmer Sara , Gloag Erin Samantha , Borisov Sergey M. , Starke Michelle , Ward Marilyn , Kumar Purnima , de Beer Dirk , Chennu Arjun , Stoodley Paul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Dental plaque biofilms are the causative agents of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Both mechanical and chemical strategies are used in routine oral hygiene strategies to reduce plaque build-up. If allowed to mature biofilms can create anoxic microenvironments leading to communities which harbor pathogenic Gram-negative anaerobes. When subjected to high velocity fluid jets and sprays biofilms can be fluidized which disrupts the biofilm structure and allows the more efficient delivery of antimicrobial agents. Methods To investigate how such jets may disrupt anoxic niches in the biofilm, we used planar optodes to measure the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration at the base of in-vitro biofilms grown from human dental saliva and plaque. These biofilms were subject to “shooting” treatments with a commercial high velocity microspray (HVM) device. Results HVM treatment resulted in removal of much of the biofilm and a concurrent rapid shift from anoxic to oxic conditions at the base of the surrounding biofilm. We also assessed the impact of HVM treatment on the microbial community by tracking 7 target species by qRT-PCR. There was a general reduction in copy numbers of the universal 16S RNA by approximately 95%, and changes of individual species in the target region ranged from approximately 1 to 4 log reductions. Conclusion We concluded that high velocity microsprays removed a sufficient amount of biofilm to disrupt the anoxic region at the biofilm-surface interface.
Identification and analysis of CYP450 and UGT supergene family members from the transcriptome of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem reveal candidate genes for triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis
Authors: Cheng Yao , Liu Hanbing , Tong Xuejiao , Liu Zaimin , Zhang Xin , Li Dalong , Jiang Xinmei , Yu Xihong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGT) gene superfamily have been shown to play essential roles in regulating secondary metabolites biosynthesis. However, the systematic identification of CYP450s and UGTs have not been reported in Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem , a highly valued medicinal plant. Results: In the present study we conducted the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the leaves, stems, and roots of A. elata, yielding 66,713 total unigenes. Following the annotation and KEGG pathway analysis, we were able to identify 64 unigenes related to triterpenoid skeleton biosynthesis, 254 CYP450s and 122 UGTs, respectively. 150 CYP450s and 92 UGTs encoding >300 amino acid proteins were utilized for phylogenetic and tissue-specific expression analyses. This allowed us to cluster 150 CYP450s into 9 clans and 40 families, and then these CYP450 proteins were further grouped into two primary branches: A-type (53%) and non-A type (47%). A phylogenetic analysis of 92 UGTs and other plant UGTs led to clustering into 16 groups (A-P). We further assessed the expression patterns of these CYP450 and UGT genes across A. elata tissues, with 23 CYP450 and 16 UGT members being selected for qRT-PCR validation, respectively. From these data, we identified CYP716A295 and CYP716A296 as the candidate genes most likely to be associated with oleanolic acid synthesis, while CYP72A763 and CYP72A776 was identified as being the most likely to play a role in hederagenin biosynthesis. We also selected five unigenes as the best candidates for oleanolic acid 3-O-glucosyltransferase. Finally, we assessed the subcellular localization of three CYP450 proteins within Arabidopsis protoplasts, highlighting the fact that they localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions: This study presents a systematic analysis of the CYP450 and UGT gene family in A. elata and provided a foundation for further functional characterization of these two multigene family.
Protocol for a cluster randomised trial in Madhya Pradesh, India: Community health promotion and medical provision and impact on neonates (CHAMPION2); and support to rural India’s public education system and impact on numeracy and literacy scores (STRIPES2)
Authors: Agarwal Arjun , Banerji Rukmini , Boone Peter , Elbourne Diana , Fazzio Ila , Frost Chris , Gopal Madan , Karnati Sridevi , Nair Rakhi , Reddy Harshavardhan , Reddy Padmanabh , Sharma Dropti , Shekhawat Sajjan Singh , Shivalli Siddharudha 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Rural areas of India exhibit high neonatal mortality, and low literacy and numeracy. We assess the effect of a complex package of health interventions on neonatal survival, and the effect of out-of-school-hours teaching on children’s literacy and numeracy, in rural Madhya Pradesh.

Methods/Design

This is a cluster-randomised controlled trial with villages (clusters) receiving either a health (CHAMPION2) or education (STRIPES2) intervention. Building on the design of the earlier CHAMPION/STRIPES trial villages receiving the health intervention are controls for the education intervention, and vice versa.

Clusters

196 villages in Satna district, Madhya Pradesh, India: each at least five kilometres from a Community Health Centre, a population below 2,500, and at least 15 children eligible for the education intervention.

Participants

CHAMPION2 - resident married women under 50 without a family planning operation, provided they are enumerated pre-randomisation, or marry a man enumerated pre-randomisation.

STRIPES2 - resident children born 16June 2010-15June 2013, not in school before the 2018-2019 school year and intending to enrol in first grade in 2018-2019 or 2019-2020.
Falls efficacy instruments for community-dwelling older adults: A COSMIN-based systematic review
Authors: Soh Shawn Leng-Hsien , Lane Judith , Xu Tim Tianma , Gleeson Nigel , Tan Chee-Wee 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Falls efficacy is a widely-studied latent construct in community-dwelling older adults. Various self-reported instruments have been used to measure falls efficacy. Empirical evidence is needed to justify the selection of a specific instrument to measure the intended construct. Methods: To summarize evidence on the development, content validity and structural validity of instruments measuring falls efficacy in community-dwelling older adults using the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL were searched (May 2019). Records on the development of instruments and studies assessing content validity or structural validity of falls efficacy related scales were included. COSMIN methodology was used to guide the review of eligible studies and assessed their methodological quality. Evidence of content validity: relevance, comprehensiveness and comprehensibility and unidimensionality for structural validity were synthesized. A modified GRADE approach was applied to evidence synthesis. Results: 35 studies, which had 18 instruments identified, were included in the review. High-quality evidence showed that the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale (FES)–13 items (MFES-13) has sufficient relevance but insufficient comprehensiveness for measuring falls efficacy. Moderate quality evidence supported the FES-10 has sufficient relevance and MFES-14 has sufficient comprehensibility. Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale–Simplified (ABC-15) has sufficient relevance to measuring balance confidence supported by moderate-quality evidence. Low to very low quality evidence underpinned the content validity of other instruments. High-quality evidence supported sufficient unidimensionality for eight instruments (FES-10, MFES-14, ABC-6, ABC-15, ABC-16, Iconographical FES (Icon-FES), FES–International (FES-I) and Perceived Ability to Prevent and Manage Fall Risks (PAPMFR)). Conclusion: Content validity of instruments to measure falls efficacy is understudied. Structural validity is sufficient for a number of widely-used instruments. Measuring balance confidence is a subset of falls efficacy. Further work is needed to investigate a broader construct of falls efficacy.
Systematic review of the tools of oral and dental health literacy: Assessment of conceptual dimensions and psychometric properties
Authors: Ghaffari Mohtasham , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Ramezankhani Ali , Mehrabi Yadollah , Safari-Moradabadi Ali 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background This article aims to provide a description of conceptual dimensions and psychometric properties of the tools of oral and dental health literacy. Methods Two authors in this study conducted electronic searches in the Medline (via PubMed), and Embase databases to find relevant articles from 1990 to present day. Evaluation of the tools was carried out in two parts; general evaluation of the tools using skills introduced by Sørensen et al., and qualitative assessment of psychometric properties using COSMIN checklist. Results After reviewing 1839 articles on oral and dental health literacy and evaluating 33 full text articles for eligibility, 21 articles entered the study. The sample size varied from 20 to 1405 subjects and the items of each tool ranged from 11 to 99 items. Of the 21 tools examined, 16 tools were evaluated for word recognition. For the studies examined, the evaluation of COSMIN scores was often fair or good. Of the 21 tools examined, 9 tools at least in one dimension were in the category of "poor", 19 tools were in the category of "fair", 20 tools were in the category of "good", and 4 tools were in the category of "excellent" in at least one dimension. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that some aspects of oral and dental health literacy are being ignored in the existing tools. Therefore, the authors of present study emphasize on the necessity to design and develop a comprehensive tool and take into account two characteristics of simplicity and briefness for international use.
Features Based on Thin-section Computed Tomography Identify the Typeof lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Zheng Hongwei , Liu Shanshan , Wang Xinhua , Xiao Lei , Ma Yonghong , Yue Xianwen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate whether thin-section computed tomography (TSCT) features may efficiently guide the invasiveness basedclassification of lung adenocarcinoma.
Methods: Totally, 316 lung adenocarcinoma patients (from 2011-2015) were divided into three groups: 56 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 98 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and 162 invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) according their pathological results. Their TSCT features, including nodule pattern, shape, pleural invasion, solid proportion, border, margin, vascular convergence, air bronchograms, vacuole sign, pleural indentation, diameter, solid diameter, and CT values of ground-glass nodules (GGN) were analyzed. Pearson’s chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and One-way ANOVA were adopted tocomparebetweengroups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis wereperformedto assess its value for prediction and diagnosis.
Results: Patients with IAC were significantly elder than those in AIS or MIA group,and more MIA patients had a smoking history than AIS and IAC. No recurrence happened in the AIS and MIA groups, while 4.3% recurrences were confirmed in the IAC group. As for TSCT variables, we found AIS group showed dominantly higher 91.07%PGGN pattern and 87.50% round/oval nodules than that in MIA and IAC group. In contrast, MIA group showed more cases with undefined border and vascular convergence than AIS and IAC group. Importantly, IAC group uniquely showed higher frequency of pleural invasion compared with MIA and AIS group. The majority of patients (82.1%) in IAC group showed ≥ 50% solid proportion. We found diameter and solid diameter of the lesions were notably larger in the IAC group compared with AIS and MIA groupin quantitative aspect. In addition, for MGGNs, the CT values of ground-glass opacity (GGO) and ground-glass opacity solid portion (GGO-solid) were both higher in the IAC group than AIS and MIA. Finally, we also observed that smooth margin took a dominant proportion in the AIS group while most cases in the IAC group had a lobulate margin. Patients in MIA and IAC group shared higher level of air bronchograms and vacuole signs than AIS group.
Conclusions: The unique features in different groups identified by TSCT had diagnosis value for lung adenocarcinoma.
Prognostic effect of inflammatory genes on stage I-III colorectal cancer – integrative analysis of TCGA data
Authors: Choe Eun Kyung , Lee Sangwoo , Kim So Yeon , Shivakumar Manu , Park Kyu Joo , Chai Young Jun , Kim Dokyoon 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Inflammatory status indicators have been reported as a prognostic biomarker of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, since the inflammatory interactions with colon involve various modes of action, the biological mechanism to link inflammation and CRC prognosis is not fully elucidated. We comprehensively evaluated the predictive role of the expression and methylation level of inflammation-related genes for CRC prognosis and their pathophysiological associations. Method An integrative analysis was conducted on 247 patients of stage I-III CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Lasso-penalized Cox proportional hazards regression (Lasso-Cox) and statistical Cox proportional hazard regression (CPH) were used for analysis. Result Models to predict overall survival were designed with respective combinations of clinical variables, including age, sex, stage, gene expression, and methylation. An integrative model combining expression, methylation, and clinical features had the highest performance (median C-index=0.756), compared to the model with clinical features alone (median C-index=0.726). By multivariate CPH with features from the best model, methylation levels of CEP250, RAB21 and TNPO3 were significantly associated with overall survival. They did not share any biological process in functional networks. The 5-year survival rate was 29.8% in a low methylation group of CEP250 and 79.1% in a high (P <0.001). Conclusion Our study result implicates the importance of integrating the expression and methylation information along with clinical information in prediction of survival. CEP250, RAB21 and TNPO3, in the prediction model might have a crucial role in CRC prognosis and further improve our understanding of potential mechanisms linking inflammatory reaction and CRC progression.
The role of JNK 1 in controlling AQP-1 and choroidal thickness during recovery from form-deprivation myopia in guinea pigs
Authors: Chen Wei , Wei Li Zhi , Miao Wang Qi , Yan Wang , Yue Zhang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The development and recovery(REC) of myopia is associated with changing of choroidal thickness(CT) in modelof guinea pigs.In this process, Aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) is related to changes in choroidal thickness during the recovery from myopia, but the corresponding signaling pathway has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of JNK1 on CT/AQP-1 and the recovery from myopia. Methods: According to the different intravitreal injections in eyes that underwent form deprivation for 21 days, guinea pigs were divided into four groups: the REC group, the REC+anisomycin (agonist for JNK1, REC-AN) group, the REC+SP600125 (inhibitor for JNK1, REC-SP) group, and the REC+DMSO (REC-DM) group. Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the time of removal of the deprivation : 3 days (d), 7 d and 10 d. All animals underwent biometric measurements (refractive error, axial length (AL), and CT), and the protein expression of AQP-1 and p-JNK1 in the choroid was also measured. Results: In the REC and REC-DM groups, significant differences in CT/ refractive error /AL/p-JNK1 or AQP-1 were only found in the 3d group compared with the normal control ( NC ) group (all p<0.05). In the REC-AN group, CT/p-JNK1 or AQP-1 in the 3d group was significantly higher than that in the other 3d’ groups (all p<0.05), but no significant difference in refractive error or AL was found compared with that in the NC group (all p>0.05). In the REC-SP group, a significant difference in refractive error /CT/p-JNK1 or AQP1 was found in the 3d/7d group compared with the NC group (all p<0.05), but AL was only found in the 3d groups (both p=0.001). Conclusions: Changes in JNK1 phosphorylation can regulate AQP-1 and CT during the recovery from myopia and the recovery time. Thus, JNK1 may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing/treating myopia.