bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of diffusion weighted imaging with the quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient in diagnosing residual or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Zhao , Fan Jin-Ming , He Chen , Li Zhi-Fan , Xu Yong-Sheng , Li Zhao , Liu Hai-Feng , Lei Jun-Qiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Accurate and early diagnosis of residual tumors or intrahepatic recurrences after TACE is critically needed for determining the success of treatments and for guiding subsequent therapeutic planning. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with the quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in diagnosing residual or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Materials and methods
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library database, from inception to July 2019, was conducted to select original studies on diagnosing residual or recurrent HCCs after TACE using DWI sequence with its ADC value. Two researchers independently chose study, extracted data, conducted meta-analysis, and evaluated methodological quality according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool.

Results
Twelve studies comprising 624 patients and 712 tumors were finally included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and AUC value of DWI in diagnosing residual or recurrent HCCs after TACE were 85% (95%CI: 74–92%), 83% (95%CI: 75–88%) and 0.90 (95%CI: 0.87–0.92), respectively. Residual or recurrent HCCs have significantly lower ADC value than necrotic tumors (MD = -0.48, 95%CI: − 0.69~ − 0.27, P < 0.01).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that DWI performed better in diagnosing residual or recurrent HCCs after TACE, and ADC value may serve as alternatives for further evaluation of residual or recurrent leisions in HCC patients after TACE.
The Dystrophinopathies
Authors: Thangarajh Mathula 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTPURPOSE OF REVIEWThe dystrophinopathies are among the most common neuromuscular conditions, and they include Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, genetic cause, management, and new and emerging therapies for this condition.RECENT FINDINGSNew studies have highlighted how oral corticosteroids have changed the natural history of the disease, prolonging ambulation in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and reducing the risk of developing scoliosis and subsequent surgical correction, improving cardiac health, and increasing long-term survival. Additionally, recent publications have provided insights into how newer and emerging treatment options are becoming more common for this condition. With gene therapy being approved in the United States for the severe form, the dystrophinopathies represent model diseases to understand the personalization of genetic treatment.SUMMARYImprovement in the standardization of care and the use of oral corticosteroids have increased the life expectancy of patients with dystrophinopathy and changed the natural history of the disease. This article presents a summary of clinical features, diagnostic testing, and new and emerging treatment strategies for the dystrophinopathies.
Single cell sequencing of radial glia progeny reveals the diversity of newborn neurons in the adult zebrafish brain
Authors: Lange Christian , Rost Fabian , Machate Anja , Reinhardt Susanne , Lesche Matthias , Weber Anke , Kuscha Veronika , Dahl Andreas , Rulands Steffen , Brand Michael 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Zebrafish display widespread and pronounced adult neurogenesis, which is fundamental for their regeneration capability after central nervous system injury. However, the cellular identity and the biological properties of adult newborn neurons are elusive for most brain areas. Here, we have used short-term lineage tracing of radial glia progeny to prospectively isolate newborn neurons from the her4.1+ radial glia lineage in the homeostatic adult forebrain. Transcriptome analysis of radial glia, newborn neurons and mature neurons using single cell sequencing identified distinct transcriptional profiles, including novel markers for each population. Specifically, we detected two separate newborn neuron types, which showed diversity of cell fate commitment and location. Further analyses showed that these cell types are homologous to neurogenic cells in the mammalian brain, identified neurogenic commitment in proliferating radial glia and indicated that glutamatergic projection neurons are generated in the adult zebrafish telencephalon. Thus, we prospectively isolated adult newborn neurons from the adult zebrafish forebrain, identified markers for newborn and mature neurons in the adult brain, and revealed intrinsic heterogeneity among adult newborn neurons and their homology with mammalian adult neurogenic cell types.
A planning study of focal dose escalations to multiparametric MRI-defined dominant intraprostatic lesions in prostate proton radiation therapy
Authors: Wang Tonghe , Zhou Jun , Tian Sibo , Wang Yinan , Patel Pretesh , Jani Ashesh B. , Langen Katja M. , Curran Walter J. , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the dosimetric effect and clinical impact of delivering a focal radiotherapy boost dose to multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI)-defined dominant intraprostatic lesions (DILs) in prostate cancer using proton therapy.

Methods:
We retrospectively investigated 36 patients with pre-treatment mp-MRI and CT images who were treated using pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton radiation therapy to the whole prostate. DILs were contoured on co-registered mp-MRIs. Simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) plans using intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) were created based on conventional whole-prostate-irradiation for each patient and optimized with additional DIL coverage goals and urethral constraints. DIL dose coverage and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing were compared between conventional and SIB plans. Tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were estimated to evaluate the clinical impact of the SIB plans.

Results:
Optimized SIB plans significantly escalated the dose to DILs while meeting OAR constraints. SIB plans were able to achieve 125, 150 and 175% of prescription dose coverage in 74, 54 and 17% of 36 patients, respectively. This was modeled to result in an increase in DIL TCP by 7.3–13.3% depending on α/β and DIL risk level.

Conclusion:
The proposed mp-MRI-guided DIL boost using proton radiation therapy is feasible without violating OAR constraints and demonstrates a potential clinical benefit by improving DIL TCP. This retrospective study suggested the use of IMPT-based DIL SIB may represent a strategy to improve tumor control.

Advances in knowledge:
This study investigated the planning of mp-MRI-guided DIL boost in prostate proton radiation therapy and estimated its clinical impact with respect to TCP and NTCP.
Documenting a Historic Mounted Fin Whale Skeleton in Preparation for a Move—A Case Study at the Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Barcelona
Authors: Azcárate Marta Pérez , Rosselló Bernat Font , Franquesa Eulàlia Garcia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In 2009, the Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona launched a new permanent exhibit that included removal and restoration of a landmark piece, a fin whale skeleton, and complete redesign of its assembly structure. In this paper we present the process and results of documenting the piece before the dismantling procedure. A graphic record was created as part of the restoration process, which secondarily served as an important source of information for designing the new mounting system. A detailed visual examination of the skeleton revealed problems in the preservation of the bone. The results of the preparatory examinations proved useful for planning a new preventive conservation program for the piece in its new location.
Seeing is Believing, A Fourteen-Year Study on Efficacy and Economics of Visual Inspections to Protect A Large Mammal Collection from Insect Pests
Authors: Strang Tom , Jacobs Jeremy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In response to the cessation of use of in-case fumigants, from 1995–2009 the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History's Division of Mammals (DOM) applied a consistent voluntary visual inspection protocol over a period of 14 years. On average, per-case inspections required about 7 minutes. Inspections categorized case pest activity as clean, soiled, signs of life, and live insects. These categories compartmentalized levels of uncertainty about pest activity and directly led to remedial treatment and cleaning actions performed at a case level. Evidence of recurrent reinfestation led to case renovation or replacement.
In order for an integrated pest management (IPM) method to be successful, it has to demonstrate a predatory efficacy better than the replacement and recruitment rates of the pests. With at most 1.5% of staff time devoted to IPM, case infestations of Thylodrias contractus (Motschulsky 1839) Coleoptera: Dermestidae and Necrobia rufipes (De Geer 1775) Coleoptera: Cleridae were lowered to near zero within 3 years. Rebound toward initial rates occurred after a forced 3-year hiatus in inspections and was similarly dealt with by a following round of inspections. The hourly investment of time is comparable with that of previous case repellant or fumigation regimes, but without the aggregated loss of access to collections during enclosure and out-gassing of fumigant, thus allowing longer and safer access to collections over a year, and instilling greater knowledge of specimen condition across the collection regardless of current research focus. The study also includes an economic comparison to historical methods of case level pest suppression with fumigants against two other comparably large collections documented within the last half century.
Pola Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Visi Pesantren: Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Ngesong Jombang
Authors: Perawironegoro Djamaluddin 
Published: January 2020

Pesantren is an Islamic educational institution that excels in Islamic learning and education. However, these advantages do not lead to the life endurance of the pesantren, especially after the death of the founder. The orientation shift from the management based on the founder of Pesantren to a systemic approach pesantren management requires a comprehensive planning. This research was conducted to describe and analyze the pesantren’s planning pattern and the factors influencing the development of pesantren. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The source of the data were Kiai, teachers, and the board of Pesantren. Data was collected through observations and in-depth interviews. The results showed that the pesanteren’s planning was carried out through several stages i.e., vision formulation, human resource preparation, vision operationalization, program implementation, and supervision. While the factors that inlfuenced the pesantren’s vision development are internal factor i.e., the leadership and management of the pesantren, and external factor i.e., government and society.
ARAÇ SİGORTASI HİLELERİNDE VERİ MADENCİLİĞİNİN KULLANIMI
Authors: CÖMERT Nuran , KAYMAZ Merve 
Published: January 2020

Sigorta sektörü, muhtemel zararlara karşı sigortalıyı garanti altına aldığından, sosyal ve ekonomik
çöküntü ile kayıpları önlediğinden kişi ve kurumlar için her zaman bir güvence kaynağı olmaktadır.
Sektör içerisinde yer alan tarafların haksız menfaat sağlamak amacıyla kasıtlı olarak hileli eylemlere
başvurması ise sektörün yara almasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu sebeple hilelerin tespiti ve hileli eylemlere
karşı uygun aksiyonların alınması çok önemlidir. Teknolojinin geldiği noktada veri madenciliği, hile
riskinin yönetiminde kullanılan etkili araçlardan biri haline gelmiştir. Makalemizin temel amacı
sigorta şirketlerinde hile riskinin yönetilmesinde yardımcı bir araç olarak veri madenciliğinin nasıl
kullanılacağını açıklamak olup bu amaç doğrultusunda ele alınan konu araç sigortaları özelinde
incelenerek spesifik bir örnekle açıklanmıştır.
Bu bağlamda bir acenteden kendi veri tabanında yer alan müşterilerine ait veriler temin edilmiştir.
Yapılan hasar taleplerinde hile şüphesi olanlar ve olmayanlar karar ağacı modelinin J.48 algoritması
aracılığıyla tahmin edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
SULTAN II. ABDÜLHAMID DÖNEMINDE YERLI ÜRETIMI TEŞVIK POLITIKASI OLARAK İMTIYAZLAR
Authors: MEMİŞ Şefik 
Published: January 2020

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu 18. yüzyılda başlayan, 19. yüzyılda iyice ivme kazanan Sanayi Devrimi’nin
ülkeleri ve ekonomileri dönüştürmesi karşısında çaresizce bekleyip maruz kalmak yerine günümüzde
“çağını yakalamak” şeklinde sıkça kullanan bir hamleye girişti. Kuşkusuz bu hamle, gerek küreselleşme
dalgasının ilk evresini yaşayan Batı toplumunu etkisine alan ekonomik kriz ve diğer dış gelişmelerden,
gerekse Osmanlıların siyasî ve ekonomik sorunlardan etkilenmişti. Ancak Osmanlı hükümetleri, tüm
bu olumsuzluklara ilaveten kapitülasyonlar da mücadele etmesine rağmen yerli üretimi geliştirmek
ve Avrupa menşeli mallarla rekabet etmek için 1880’lerde, yani Sultan II. Abdülhamid döneminde
yeni bir yöntem geliştirildi. Daha doğrusu mevcut bir yöntem, olgunlaştırılarak uygulamaya sokuldu:
İmtiyazlar.
İmtiyazlar, yerli girişimciye birçok avantaj sağlamakla kalmadı, aynı zamanda Türkiye’de modern
anlamda ilk özel sektör kitlesinin oluşmasına da katkı sağladı. Yerli sanayinin oluşturulması gayreti,
yine ilk kez, Türkiye’nin kurucu Odası olarak kabul edilebilecek Dersaâdet (İstanbul) Ticaret Odası
gazetesi taranarak adım adım takip edilip haberleştirildi. Bu makalede, bu haberlerden yola çıkılarak,
1885-1887 yıllarını kapsayan 3 yılda verilen imtiyazlar irdelendi. Böylece resmî ve propagandist bir
yaklaşımdan nispeten uzak, Türk özel sektörünün bakış açısını da içeren bir imtiyaz incelemesi ortaya
çıktı.
TEKNOLOJİ YOĞUNLUĞUNA GÖRE FİNANSAL BAŞARISIZLIK TAHMİN MODELLERİ DEĞİŞİR Mİ? İMALAT SANAYİ SEKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: GİRAY YAKUT Selay , BACAKSIZ N. Ece 
Published: January 2020

Verimli bir üretim süreci sanayi, ticaret ve enerjide dışa bağımlılığı azaltarak ülkelerin refah seviyesini
yükseltmektedir. Bir ülkenin üretim gücü imalat sektörünün ülke ekonomisine sağladığı desteğe
paralel gelişmektedir. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, ekonomideki payı ağırlıkta olan tarım
sektörü, ülkenin gelişmişliğine bağlı olarak ileri dönemlerde yerini üretim ekonomisine bırakmaya
başlamaktadır. Hatta ülkeler üretim bileşenlerini öncelikle daha hafif teknoloji gerektiren ürünlerle
oluşturmakta, üretimin ileriki aşamalarında artan teknoloji, bilgi birikimi, yetiştirilen kalifiye işgücü
yardımıyla yüksek teknolojik ürünlere kaydırmaktadırlar. Değişen ve sürekli gelişen konjonktür,
ülkeleri daha nitelikli ve ‘’iyi’’ ürün üretmeye yönlendirmektedir. Bu yüzdendir ki imalat sektöründe
faaliyet gösteren firmaların başarısı bir ülke için imalat sektörünün de gücü ve başarısıdır. İşletmelerin
yükümlülüklerini kısa ve uzun vadede yerine getirememesi sonucunda finansal başarısızlık kavramı
ortaya çıkmaktadır. Finansal başarısızlık yetersiz işletme sermayesi, aşırı borçlanma gibi finansal
yapıdan kaynaklanabileceği gibi; ekonomik gelişmeler, döviz kuru dalgalanmaları, sektörde yaşanan
rekabet durumu benzeri dışsal nedenlerden de yaşanabilmektedir. Finansal başarıyı etkileyen işletme
dahilindeki etmenlerin bilinmesi işletmenin kendisi ve ilişkili olduğu çevre için önemlidir. Tüm bu
kavramlardan yola çıkarak bu çalışmada 2012-2015 yıllarında BİST’e kote olan imalat sanayi işletmelerin
finansal başarılarını etkileyen etmenler sektörün teknoloji yoğunluğu ve finansal oranlar bağlamında,
Faktör analizi ve Lojistik Regresyon Analizi yardımıyla araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen
bulgular yorumlanmıştır.
“KENDİ YOLUMU KENDİM ÇİZDİM”: ABD’NİN İLK AFRİKA KÖKENLİ KADIN MİLYONERİ MADAM CJ WALKER’IN GİRİŞİMCİ KARİYERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ZİNCİR Oya , ÖZBEBEK TUNÇ Ayşegül 
Published: January 2020

ABD’nin işletme tarihine ekonomik ve sosyolojik bağlamlar da dikkate alınarak bakıldığında,
girişimciliğin ve girişimcilerin desteklendiğini söylemek mümkündür. Öte yandan ABD İç Savaşının
gerçekleşmesi, sonrasında siyahi vatandaşların özgürlüklerini kazanmaları, ekonomik yaşam içinde
köle olarak çalıştırılmadan özgür bireyler olarak yer alabilmelerinin önünün açılması gibi hususlar
ülke tarihinde yer alan önemli kırılma noktalarıdır. Ancak siyahi kadınların iş hayatına katılmalarının
yanı sıra girişimcilik faaliyetlerinde bulunmaları hem ırk hem de cinsiyet ayrımcılığı sebebiyle çoğu
zaman engellenmiştir. Bununla birlikte atipik özellikler gösteren bazı kadın girişimcilere rastlamak da
mümkündür. Madam CJ Walker bunlardan biridir. 1905-1919 yılları arasında girişimcilik faaliyetinde
bulunan Walker, ABD’nin ilk Afrika kökenli kadın milyoneri olarak adlandırılmış ve yönetici, hayırsever,
politik aktivist gibi özellikleri bünyesinde barındıran başarılı bir girişimci profili sergilemiştir. Bu
çalışmanın amacı 20. yüzyılda faaliyet göstermiş bir kadın girişimcinin kariyer gelişimini çeşitli
başlıklarda ele alıp, sosyolojik ve ekonomik bağlamları da dikkate alarak incelemektir. Bu kapsamda
nitel araştırma metodu kullanılarak önemli bir tarihsel bir figür olan Madam CJ Walker’ın girişimci
kariyeri W. Gibb Dyer Jr.’ın Girişimci Kariyer Modeli ile incelenmiş ve çeşitli biyografi kitapları, tarihsel
analiz kitapları ve makaleler üzerinden ikincil verilere dayanan bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ulaşılan
sonuçlar atipik bir kadın girişimcinin kariyer seçimini etkileyen öncüller, kişinin girişimcilikle ilgili
rollere adapte olmasını sağlayan sosyalizasyon tecrübeleri, girişimcilikle ilgili rolleri (kariyer yönelimi),
kariyer gelişimi süresince ortaya çıkan kişisel, ailevi ve işle ilgili sorunlar, çatışmalar ve ikilemler ile
bu alanlardaki başarı/başarısızlıkları kapsamında zengin ve açıklayıcı bilgiler sunmaktadır. Ayrıca
incelenen modelde olmayan birtakım unsurlara da değinilmiştir.
Life-History Evolution and the Genetics of Fitness Components inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Flatt Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLife-history traits or “fitness components”—such as age and size at maturity, fecundity and fertility, age-specific rates of survival, and life span—are the major phenotypic determinants of Darwinian fitness. Analyzing the evolution and genetics of these phenotypic targets of selection is central to our understanding of adaptation. Due to its simple and rapid life cycle, cosmopolitan distribution, ease of maintenance in the laboratory, well-understood evolutionary genetics, and its versatile genetic toolbox, the “vinegar fly” Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most powerful, experimentally tractable model systems for studying “life-history evolution.” Here, I review what has been learned about the evolution and genetics of life-history variation in D. melanogaster by drawing on numerous sources spanning population and quantitative genetics, genomics, experimental evolution, evolutionary ecology, and physiology. This body of work has contributed greatly to our knowledge of several fundamental problems in evolutionary biology, including the amount and maintenance of genetic variation, the evolution of body size, clines and climate adaptation, the evolution of senescence, phenotypic plasticity, the nature of life-history trade-offs, and so forth. While major progress has been made, important facets of these and other questions remain open, and the D. melanogaster system will undoubtedly continue to deliver key insights into central issues of life-history evolution and the genetics of adaptation.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION DEVICES IN THE BOGOR BOTANICAL GARDENS FOR COMMUNITY-TRAINING ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Authors: Risna Rosniati Apriani , Yuriawan Kapat 
Published: January 2020

PERANGKAT PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN DI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR SEBAGAI UPAYA PENYADARTAHUAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KONSERVASI BIODIVERSITAS AbstrakPenelitian ini mengidentifikasi empat aspek berbeda dari pengetahuan pedagogi dan tiga aspek dari pengetahuan materi, serta terkait di antara aspek-aspek PCK. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa skor PCK calon guru biologi dalam menyusun rencana pelajaran dan praktik mengajar berada dalam kategori baik, dengan hasil persentase skor CK 70,83% (baik), hasil persentase skor PK 75,70% (baik), dan hasil persentase skor PCK 66,67% (sangat baik). Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan smahasiswa calon guru mulai berkembang mengenai PCK melalui cara penyampaian materi pelajaran biologi dengan menghargai ide-ide siswa sebelumnya dalam pembelajaran, meskipun kedalaman pemahaman bervariasi. Selain itu, hasil PCK menunjukkan banyak perkembangan dalam perancangan rencana pelajaran melalui pengetahuan konstruktivis. Pengembangan terhadap pengetahuan pedagogi, konten dan PCK berkaitan dengan keterampilan mengajar merupakan aspek yang sangat penting. Penggunaan rencana pelajaran yang mudah diakses dapat meningkatkan kemampuan PCK untuk mengembangkan prinsip-prinsip pedagogis. Meskipun pengembangan konten dan PCK terkait pedagogis, mungkin cukup untuk memungkinkan mahasiswa calon guru untuk membuat dan menghubungkan konteks materi pelajaran biologi yang memfasilitasi siswa dalam pembelajaran kontekstual. AbstractSince its establishment on 18th May 1817, conservation, research, and education, have become core competence of Bogor Botanic Gardens (BBG). The Gardens become a valuable destination showed by about 1.2 million visitors annually, but only less than 10% of those with educational visitation. Therefore, an identification and evaluation of variety and characteristics of education tools supporting environmental education in BBG is carried out in this study. The study showed that topics and tools applied in BBG is quite various but their content and approach have to be improved. Topics highlighted trending conservation and environmental issues have been incorporated in education programs and activities, in line with BBG’s vision and mission. All the educational tools in terms of interpretative materials are potential to improve visitor’s knowledge. However there are only a few can generate positive behaviour towards environment. Efforts in integrating technology into educational tools were observed, such as mobile application for self-guided tour. Other tools are thematic routes and a newly established education room called Ecodome. These tools support one of Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) target and objective in terms of education and awareness about plant diversity, environment, its role in sustainable livelihoods and importance to all life on Earth.