bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of the World Bank's environmental and social framework for biodiversity
Authors: Morley Jonathan , Buchanan Graeme , Mitchard Edward T.A. , Keane Aidan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe World Bank is the single largest source of development finance, with wide‐reaching influence. The Bank's safeguards aim to minimize the negative impacts of the projects it funds. These policies have recently been updated in a new Environmental and Social Framework. For conservation, the key changes include a mechanism for the use of biodiversity offsets and borrowers’ own frameworks to manage impacts. Concerns have been raised that these changes may weaken protections as there is substantial flexibility about when offsets or borrowers’ frameworks can be used, and uncertainty around the efficacy of offsets. The project‐by‐project nature of these mechanisms and the lack of clear criteria may also hinder future efforts to hold the Bank to account. Concerns about these changes were raised by conservation organizations during the consultation process, but the framework's formulation does not fully reflect recommendations made. Although elements of the new policy have the potential to benefit conservation, the flexibility presents a risk to biodiversity. It is vital for conservation organizations to engage effectively to ensure that any negative impacts arising do not go unchallenged.
Classroom Simulations for Teaching Production Control in Nonrepetitive Contexts: Insights for Theory and Practice
Authors: Thürer Matthias , Cole Rosanna , Hanna Mark D. , Protzman Charles W. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWhen introducing production control solutions, most textbooks focus on a to‐stock, repetitive context. In response, we extend the classical match‐and‐dice game, which also assumes a repetitive context, to teach complexities that emerge in a nonrepetitive setting, such as the appearance of direct and indirect load, and to introduce appropriate production control solutions (e.g., Constant Work‐In‐Process [ConWIP] and Control of Balance by Card Based Navigation [COBACABANA]). Two field tests were used to prove the playability of our game and assess its teaching effectiveness using postgame scores and self‐assessment. Both test results give support to our game and highlight that it helps students to understand complex production control issues. Applying the simulation as part of an iterative design process not only ensured the pragmatic validity of our design, but also provided important insights on the production control systems being taught. During the application, we encountered several issues associated with the implementation of these production control systems in practice. In terms of theory, applying the simulation showed that there is a change in mindset required when switching from Kanban to COBACABANA, and physics synchronization is essential for logistics synchronization.
Feasibility of intraoperative aortic root imaging in congenital heart surgery
Authors: Rodgers Nathan J. , MacIver Robroy H. , Evanoff Nicholas , Narasimhan Shanti 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative vascular imaging is a useful tool to evaluate coronary ostia in congenital heart patients with suboptimal preoperative imaging findings. Additionally, vascular imaging has potential value for visualization of the ascending aortic intima media thickness (IMT) in certain clinical scenarios. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of intraoperative vascular imaging of coronary ostia and IMT during congenital heart surgery.MethodsWe describe the technique for performance of intraoperative vascular imaging by a pediatric cardiologist using a high‐resolution linear sequential array transducer.ResultsIntraoperative vascular imaging was obtained on seven patients. Coronary ostia were normal in all except one. This patient had congenital stenosis of the left coronary ostium discovered during intraoperative imaging and confirmed by the surgeon. In another patient with Williams syndrome, the IMT was noted to be prominent.ConclusionsIt is feasible to perform intraoperative vascular imaging in less than 5 minutes of operator's time and provides superior visualization of the coronary ostia and IMT.
Cranial nerve involvement in typical and atypical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies
Authors: Shibuya K. , Tsuneyama A. , Misawa S. , Suichi T. , Suzuki Y. , Kojima Y. , Nakamura K. , Kano H. , Prado M. , Kuwabara S. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeCranial nerve palsy is occasionally present in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), but its prevalence, characteristics and relations with the CIDP subtypes have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to systematically assess cranial nerve involvement in typical and atypical CIDP.MethodsClinical data were reviewed in 132 consecutive patients with CIDP, including typical CIDP (n = 89), multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (MADSAM) (n = 31), distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) (n = 9) and others (n = 3).ResultsThe frequency of cranial nerve palsy was 11% in typical CIDP, 48% in MADSAM and 11% in DADS. Facial and bulbar palsy was most frequently present (9%), followed by ocular motor nerve palsy (5%). Bilateral involvement was seen in all typical CIDP and DADS patients, whereas 80% of MADSAM patients had unilateral palsy. The presence of cranial nerve involvement was associated with more severe limb muscle weakness in typical CIDP, but not in MADSAM. Cranial nerve palsy fully recovered in 90% of typical CIDP and in 67% of MADSAM patients.ConclusionAmongst the CIDP subtypes, cranial palsy is frequent and unilateral in MADSAM, and less frequent and bilateral in typical CIDP and DADS. In typical CIDP, facial and bulbar palsy reflects more severe and extensive inflammation.
Epidural administration of opioid analgesics improves quality of recovery in horses anaesthetised for treatment of hindlimb synovial sepsis
Authors: Louro Luís F. , Milner Peter I. , Bardell David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundOpioid epidural analgesia has been shown to provide effective analgesia in horses. There is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of opioid epidural analgesia on quality of recovery in horses.ObjectivesIdentify whether opioid epidural analgesia influences quality of recovery in horses undergoing general anaesthesia required for management of hindlimb synovial sepsis.Study designSingle‐centre retrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsData were obtained from the clinical records of horses which had undergone arthroscopic or tenoscopic surgery for management of hindlimb synovial sepsis over a 9‐year period in a referral hospital population. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the perioperative factors that impact on quality of recovery.ResultsRecords from 149 horses, undergoing 170 general anaesthetics were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that opioid epidural analgesia (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 7.2, P = .02) was associated with good quality of recovery, whereas Cob breeds (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.46, P = .001), age (in years) (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.97, P = .004) increasing intraoperative dosages (in mg/kg) of thiopental (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.90, P = .01) or ketamine (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.98, P = .04) were associated with poor quality of recovery.Main limitationsCertain variables that may influence quality of recovery, such as patient temperament and hindlimb orthopaedic co‐morbidities were not recorded. The clinical prediction model obtained is only applicable to the specific facilities, population and perianaesthetic management practiced at our institution.ConclusionsOpioid epidural analgesia is significantly associated with good quality of recovery in horses undergoing general anaesthesia required for management of hindlimb synovial sepsis. Other risk factors, such as increasing age, cob breed, use of higher intraoperative dosages (in mg/kg) of ketamine and/or thiopental, were associated with poor quality of recovery.
Equilibrium in plant functional trait responses to warming is stronger under higher climate variability during the Holocene
Authors: Gaüzère Pierre , Iversen Lars Lønsmann , Seddon Alistair W. R. , Violle Cyrille , Blonder Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe functional trait composition of plant communities is thought to be determined largely by climate, but relationships between contemporary trait distributions and climate are often weak. Spatial mismatches between trait and climatic conditions are commonly thought to arise from disequilibrium responses to past environmental changes. We aimed to investigate whether current trait–climate disequilibrium is likely to emerge during plant functional responses to Holocene climate warming.LocationNorth America.Time period14–0 ka.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial plants.MethodsWe joined global trait data with palaeoecological time series and climate simulations on 425 sites. We estimated plant community functional composition for three leaf traits involved in resource use. We then quantified disequilibrium in plant trait temporal responses to climate change during two contrasted periods: a period of high climate variability (14–7 ka) and a period of low climate variability (7–0 ka).ResultsFunctional trait composition showed consistent deviation from climatic equilibrium during both periods. The temporal dynamics of trait composition tends to be positively correlated with climate equilibrium expectations during Holocene climate warming (14–7 ka), but not during a subsequent period of low climate variability (7–0 ka).Main conclusionsLong‐term functional responses of plants to climate change showed mixed evidence for both equilibrium and disequilibrium responses. Temporal trait dynamics were closer to the expectations of spatial dynamics under high climate variability, indicating that the relevance of space‐for‐time substitution might be dependent, in part, on climate variability. Our results also suggest that current mismatches between trait and climatic conditions might arise because of a divergence of factors influencing trait dynamics during periods of low climate variability. These findings provide a counterpoint to the common assumption that contemporary trait–climate mismatches result from lagged responses to past climate warming. Our study also demonstrates the need for a deeper investigation of the potential influence of non‐climatic factors on functional plant community dynamics.
Ultrasound‐guided left internal jugular vein cannulation: Advantages of a lateral oblique axis approach
Authors: Moreno‐Sanchez Teresa , Moreno‐Ramirez Manuela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionRetrospective observational study to evaluate the technique of cannulation guided by ultrasound of the left internal jugular vein (LIJV) using a lateral oblique axis (LOAX) approach with variable angulation in the placement of tunneled central venous catheters (CVC) for hemodialysis.MethodsSeventy‐one patients with 77 LIJV vascular accesses aged 16 or older who needed CVC for hemodialysis were evaluated. The catheters were inserted, guided by LOAX ultrasound with variable angulation, depending on the angulation of the left brachiocephalic trunk. The success rate, additional instrumentation needs, and number of immediate and late complications were analyzed.FindingsCentral venous catheters placement was possible in all cases and none of the peelable introducers folded. A placement guide was needed in only eight patients, whose brachiocephalic trunk elongation and angulation was 90°. We found no major complications, and only five cases of minor complications (6.5%): four periprocedural and one displacement of the catheter a week after placement.DiscussionTunneled CVC percutaneous cannulation in LIJV guided by ultrasound with the LOAX approach with variable angulation provides very good results, allows visualization of the needle and the vascular structures at the same time, and reduces the number of manoeuvers required for placement and complications that might arise.
Altered Serum Levels of Renin‐Angiotensin System Markers in Migraine
Authors: Bhering Martins Laís , Silva de Miranda Aline , Rodrigues Ana Maria dos Santos , Braga Tibaes Jenneffer Rayane , Gomez Rodrigo Santiago , Ferreira Adaliene Versiani Matos , Teixeira Antonio Lúcio 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the serum levels of renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) components between patients with migraine and healthy controls, and to evaluate whether these levels are associated with migraine severity. We hypothesized that migraine would be associated with the activation of the inflammatory arm of the RAS, possibly leading to increased levels of angiotensin (Ang) II.BackgroundRecent studies have proposed the use of drugs that interfere with RAS, a hormonal system primarily implicated in blood pressure regulation, as a prophylactic strategy for migraine. However, no previous studies have directly assessed RAS components in migraine.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study involving 30 patients with episodic migraine who were in the interictal period and 20 healthy controls. This study was conducted at Hospital das Clínicas (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) outpatient clinic. Headache severity was evaluated using the Headache Impact Test, version 6 (HIT‐6) and the Migraine Disability Test (MIDAS) questionnaires. Given that migraine is comorbid with mood disorders, depressive and anxious symptoms were evaluated using the Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories (BDI and BAI), respectively. Clinical and demographic data were also collected. Serum levels of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, Ang II, and Ang (1‐7) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsPatients with migraine and controls were comparable in age, body mass index, blood pressure, and depressive and anxious symptoms. Patients with migraine showed lower levels of ACE [85.2 (66.8, 101.2) vs 65.5 (54.2, 77.5); P = .005] and lower ACE/ACE2 ratio [4.3 (3.4, 5.2) vs 3.5 (2.9, 4.1); P = .032] than controls. Conversely, patients with migraine had higher levels of Ang II [309.7 ± 147.4 vs 605.4 ± 200.4; difference: −287.1 (95% CI: −391.4‐−182.8), P < .001] and Ang (1‐7) [214.4 ± 155.8 vs 397.9 ± 217.9; difference: −184.6 (95% CI: −296.7‐−72.6), P = .001] than controls. There were no correlations between RAS serum markers and migraine severity scores (HIT and MIDAS) or depressive and anxious symptoms (BDI and BAI) (P > .05).ConclusionsAltogether, our results suggest the participation of RAS in migraine pathophysiology, but not in its severity.
Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication: Exploring their impacts on the gastrointestinal microbiota
Authors: Tao Zhi‐Hang , Han Ji‐Xuan , Fang Jing‐Yuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rapid development of microbiota research has remolded our view of human physiological and pathological processes. Among all the gastrointestinal microorganisms, Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is probably the most notorious constituent. Although half of the adults worldwide are infected with H pylori, their clinical manifestations vary widely, suggesting other microorganisms beyond H pylori may play a role in determining clinical outcomes. Recently, many studies have put effort into elucidating the crosstalk within the human microbiota, some of which specifically explored the interplay between H pylori and other gastrointestinal microbial members. In this work, we reviewed these potential interactions. Meanwhile, the impacts of H pylori eradication therapy on gastrointestinal microbial homeostasis were summarized in terms of diversity, composition, functional capacity, and antibiotic resistance.
HOW THE VISUAL IS SPATIAL: CONTEMPORARY SPATIAL HISTORY, NEO‐MARXISM, AND THE GHOST OF BRAUDEL
Authors: RANKIN WILLIAM 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTContemporary spatial history is founded on the potential for maps and other visualizations to show the historical constructedness of space, usually in broadly neo‐Marxist terms, yet neo‐Marxist geographical theory is famously critical of visual representation, especially mapping. At stake in this contradiction isn't just the relationship between digital enthusiasm and spatial theory (or the wider spatial turn), but the theoretical status of the visual itself in spatial scholarship. It raises a crucial question: how does visual material—everything from today's statistical maps and cutting‐edge data graphics to the broader use of primary‐source photographs or drawings—in fact shape our understanding of space, and what theoretical work does it do? By extension, how can humanists make critical theoretical interventions through their own visual production? This article proposes an analytic vocabulary of “visual argument” grounded in an image‐focused rereading of two canonical bodies of work: the neo‐Marxist theory most cited by spatial history (Henri Lefebvre, David Harvey, Doreen Massey, and Edward Soja) and the conspicuously uncited work of Fernand Braudel. By focusing on how these authors’ illustrations make claims about spatial subjectivity and the historicity of space—especially through visual relationships of background and foreground—I argue for a new way of understanding and responding to this work and to the visual project of spatial history today. A visual analysis highlights not only the limitations of neo‐Marxism but also the pervasiveness of certain assumptions—shared across the neo‐Marxists, Braudel, and digital visualization—about temporality, the natural/human dichotomy, and the methodological tensions between argument and visualization. I present my own mapping of Phoenix as one possibility for an argument‐driven rethinking of familiar visual commitments, which also suggests a broader meditation on the relationship between visual and textual scholarship.
9. MOVING FROM, AND BEYOND, INVENTED CATEGORIES: AFTERWORDS
Authors: LAVEAGA GABRIELA SOTO 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe decentering of narratives is no longer sufficient for bringing the past into sharper focus. As a discipline, we must contend with the continued power imbalance in the production and circulation of histories. It is necessary to give equal valence to histories produced by embracing a range of historical methods, many of which the essays in this forum explore. Doing so expands understandings of what counts as theory in our histories and their obligations in society.
HISTORY PAINTING AND ITS CHANGING SUBJECTS
Authors: Carrier David 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTTraditional European history painting showed scenes from scripture or Greco‐Roman history. These were the most important paintings because they showed the most important subjects. The seventeenth‐century art of Nicolas Poussin was a significant model for this tradition. In the late eighteenth century, however, artists began to present contemporary subjects in history paintings. In an influential essay published in 1938, Edgar Wind argued that it was these late eighteenth‐century painters who first showed present‐day events outside of Europe and then turned to contemporary subjects. Soon enough, present‐day events were as important as those depicted in old master history painting. This was a decisive change in how both history and art were understood. This essay collection charts the development of history painting using well‐illustrated case studies discussing famous figures as well as some lesser‐known artists. It features accounts of traditional history painting; discussions of the marketplace for this artistic genre in the eighteenth century; and varied examples of history painting after modernism, which allowed that any important subject whatsoever can, with sufficient motivation, become the subject of a history painting. As such, we now have contemporary history paintings showing present‐day political developments, the global economy, and the concerns of ecology.
INTELLECTUAL HISTORY CONFRONTS THE LONGUE DURÉE
Authors: Marchand Suzanne 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis review of John Potts's Ideas in Time: The Longue Durée in Intellectual History discusses the advantages and disadvantages of writing intellectual histories that embrace the longue durée. It applauds Potts's concise account of historiographical discussions of continuity and discontinuity in the history of ideas in the last seventy‐five years but laments his failure to discuss the contributions of historians of science and scholarship to the practices of knowledge‐making and to the transmission of ideas. It suggests that the study of discontinuities can also be rich and revealing, and it proposes one approach to understanding the ways in which ideas go out of fashion. It concludes by noting, first, that the models that contemporary historians of ideas adopt also have to do with book‐market opportunities and pressures and, second, that we have work to do to engage our contemporaries and students in whatever form of intellectual history we choose to write.
Excess liver‐related mortality among people with AIDS compared to the general population: an Italian nationwide cohort study using multiple causes of death
Authors: Taborelli M , Suligoi B , Toffolutti F , Frova L , Grande E , Grippo F , Pappagallo M , Pugliese L , Regine V , Serraino D , Zucchetto A 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesLiver diseases have become a leading cause of death among people with AIDS (PWA). This study aimed to investigate whether PWA experienced excess mortality related to liver diseases as compared to the general population (non‐PWA), using a multiple cause of death (MCoD; i.e. all conditions reported on death certificates) approach.MethodsA population‐based, nationwide, retrospective cohort study was conducted among Italian people, aged 15–74 years, who had been diagnosed with AIDS since 2006. Date of death and MCoD data were retrieved, up to December 2015, by individual record linkage with national mortality data. Sex‐ and age‐standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated by dividing the observed number of deaths related to a specific condition among PWA to the expected number, based on non‐PWA mortality rates.ResultsAmong 7912 PWA (34 184 person‐years), 2076 deaths occurred. The number of death certificates reporting liver diseases among MCoDs was 583 (28.1%), including 382 (18.4%) reporting viral hepatitis, 370 (17.8%) reporting nonviral liver diseases, and 41 (2.0%) reporting liver cancers. The corresponding SMRs were 40.4 (95% CI 37.2–43.8) for all liver diseases, 131.1 (95% CI 118.3–145.0) for viral hepatitis, 29.9 (95% CI 27.0–33.1) for nonviral liver diseases, and 11.2 (95% CI 8.1–15.3) for liver cancers. Particularly elevated SMRs emerged among PWA aged 15–49 years and those infected by injecting drug use.ConclusionsThe high excess liver‐related mortality observed among PWA warrants preventive actions to limit the burden of viral hepatitis coinfections, alcohol abuse, and metabolic disorders, especially among younger PWA and injecting drug users.