bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sequential applications of quizalofop-P-ethyl and florpyrauxifen-benzyl in acetyl CoA carboxylase-resistant rice
Authors: Sanders Tameka L. , Bond Jason A. , Lawrence Benjamin H. , Golden Bobby R. , Allen Thomas W. , Bararpour Taghi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInformation on performance of sequential treatments of quizalofop-P-ethyl with florpyrauxifen-benzyl on rice is lacking. Field studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Stoneville, MS, to evaluate sequential timings of quizalofop-P-ethyl with florpyrauxifen-benzyl included in preflood treatments of rice. Quizalofop-P-ethyl treatments were no quizalofop-P-ethyl; sequential applications of quizalofop-P-ethyl at 120 g ha−1 followed by (fb) 120 g ai ha−1 applied to rice in the 2- to 3-leaf (EPOST) fb the 4-leaf to 1-tiller (LPOST) growth stages or LPOST fb 10 d after flooding (PTFLD); quizalofop-P-ethyl at 100 g ha−1 fb 139 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST or LPOST fb PTFLD; quizalofop-P-ethyl at 139 g ha−1 fb 100 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST and LPOST fb PTFLD; and quizalofop-P-ethyl at 85 g ha−1 fb 77 g ha−1 fb 77 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST fb PTFLD. Quizalofop-P-ethyl was applied alone and in mixture with florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 29 g ai ha−1 LPOST. Visible rice injury 14 d after PTFLD (DA-PTFLD) was no more than 3%. Visible control of volunteer rice (‘CL151’ and ‘Rex’) 7 DA-PTFLD was similar and at least 95% for each quizalofop-P-ethyl treatment. Barnyardgrass control with quizalofop-P-ethyl at 120 fb 120 g ha−1 LPOST fb PTFLD was greater (88%) in mixture with florpyrauxifen-benzyl. The addition of florpyrauxifen-benzyl to quizalofop-P-ethyl increased rough rice yield when quizalofop-P-ethyl was applied at 100 g ha−1 fb 139 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST. Sequential applications of quizalofop-P-ethyl at 120 g ha−1 fb 120 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST, 100 g ha−1 fb 139 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST, or 139 g ha−1 fb 100 g ha−1 EPOST fb LPOST controlled grass weed species. The addition of florpyrauxifen-benzyl was not beneficial for grass weed control. However, because quizalofop-P-ethyl does not control broadleaf weeds, florpyrauxifen-benzyl could provide broad-spectrum weed control in acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase–resistant rice.
Numerical Investigation of Wellbore Methane Leakage From a Dual‐Porosity Reservoir and Subsequent Transport in Groundwater
Authors: Rice Amy K. , McCray John E. , Singha Kamini 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional, multiphase simulations are used to analyze migration of methane leakage from a hydrocarbon wellbore. The objective is to evaluate the relevance and importance of coupling fast, advective transport of methane through fractures with slower, diffusive transport in the shale matrix below a freshwater aquifer on water quality assuming dual‐domain mass transfer (DDMT) in the reservoir by using the multiple interacting continua (MINC) as implemented in TOUGH2. The conceptual model includes a methane gas‐phase leak from a wellbore 20–30 m below an aquifer; multiphase, buoyant transport through shale partially saturated with brine; and, after methane leakage reaches groundwater, multiphase transport under varying lateral groundwater flow gradients. Results suggest that DDMT affects the rate of methane reaching groundwater by (i) providing long‐time secondary storage in less‐mobile pore space and (ii) creating larger methane‐plume diameters than those predicted by a single‐domain advection‐diffusion equation. Compared to models without DDMT, these factors combine to increase methane flow rates by an order of magnitude across the base of the aquifer 100 years after leakage begins. In the simulated aquifer, dissolution of gas‐phase plumes leads to bimodal aqueous‐phase methane breakthrough curves in a simulated water well 100 m downstream from leakage, with peak concentrations appearing decades after a 1‐year pulse of leakage. The major implication is that DDMT in the reservoir can explain newly discovered methane concentrations in water wells attributable to older leakage events. Therefore, remediation of abandoned or legacy wells with wellbore integrity loss may be necessary to prevent future incidents of groundwater contamination.
Anion Diffusion in Compacted Clays by Pore‐Scale Simulation and Experiments
Authors: Wu Tao , Yang Yuankai , Wang Zhifen , Shen Qiang , Tong Yanhua , Wang Moran 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccurate understanding of diffusion of anionic radionuclides in different clays is significant to predict long‐term performance of high‐level radioactive waste (HLW) repositories. The importance of electrical double layer (EDL) on anionic tracer diffusion in different clays has been studied by both through‐diffusion experiments and pore‐scale simulations in this work. The through‐diffusion experiments measured the effective diffusion coefficient and the accessible porosity of Re (VII) in compacted montmorillonite, Na‐bentonite, and illite/smectite mixed layer (I/S) at different salinities. The results showed that the accessible porosity and the effective diffusion coefficient of Re (VII) in montmorillonite and Na‐bentonite were similar but lower than those in I/S under the same conditions. For mechanism analysis and predictions, a pore‐scale modeling was implemented to simulate the diffusion of anions in compacted clays. In the simulations, the characteristics (porosity, density, and total surface area) of microstructures of montmorillonite and I/S were used to regenerate three‐dimensional pore structures numerically by a Quartet Structure Generation Set method. The Re (VII) diffusion was then simulated by directly solving coupled Poisson‐Nernst‐Planck equations via the lattice Boltzmann method. The diminished effect of EDL was therefore calculated and compared with Donnan and multiporosity models. As EDLs overlap in compacted clays, the Donnan model overestimates the influence of EDL on Re (VII) diffusion, while the multiporosity model underestimates it. The pore‐scale modeling, which captures the structure of overlapping EDLs automatically, can simulate the diffusion of anionic radionuclides in compacted clays without any fitting parameters.
Effect of Plate Length on Subduction Kinematics and Slab Geometry: Insights From Buoyancy‐Driven Analog Subduction Models
Authors: Xue K. , Schellart W. P. , Strak V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSubduction style is controlled by a variety of physical parameters. Here we investigate the effect of subducting plate length on subduction style using laboratory experiments of time‐evolving buoyancy‐driven subduction in 3‐D space. The investigation includes two experimental sets, one with a lower (~740) and one with a higher (~1,680) subducting plate‐to‐mantle viscosity ratio (ηSP/ηM). Each set involves five models with a free‐trailing‐edge subducting plate and variable plate length (20–60 cm, scaling to 1,600–4,800 km), and one model with a fixed‐trailing‐edge subducting plate representing an infinitely long plate. Through determining the contact area between subducting plate and underlying mantle, plate length affects the resistance to trenchward motion of the subducting plate and thus controls the partitioning of the subduction velocity (vS) into the subducting plate velocity (vSP) and trench velocity (vT). This subduction partitioning thereby determines the subduction style by controlling the dip angle of the slab tip once it first touches the 660 km discontinuity. The low ηSP/ηM models display two subduction styles. Short plates (≤40 cm) induce a higher subduction partitioning ratio (vSP/vS), promoting trench advance and slab rollover geometries, whereas longer plates (≥50 cm) lead to a lower vSP/vS, producing continuous trench retreat and backward slab draping geometries. In contrast, the high ηSP/ηM models exclusively show trench retreat with draping geometries, as the high ηSP/ηM enables less slab bending before its tip touches the 660 km discontinuity. Our study indicates that future modeling work should consider the effects of plate length on the style and evolution of subduction.
Evaluating Stratospheric Tropical Width Using Tracer Concentrations
Authors: Shah Kasturi S. , Solomon Susan , Thompson David W. J. , Kinnison Douglas E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuantifying the width of the tropics has important implications for understanding climate variability and the atmospheric response to anthropogenic forcing. Considerable effort has been placed on quantifying the width of the tropics at tropospheric levels, but substantially less effort has been placed on quantifying the width at stratospheric levels. Here we probe tropical width in the stratosphere using chemical tracers, which are accessible by direct measurement. Two new tracer‐based width metrics are developed, denoted here as the “1σ method” and the gradient weighted latitude (GWL) method. We evaluate widths from three tracers, CH4, N2O, and SF6. We demonstrate that unlike previously proposed stratospheric width methods using tracers, these metrics perform consistently throughout the depth of the stratosphere, at all times of year and on coarse temporal data. The GWL tracer‐based widths correlate well with the turnaround latitude and the critical level, where wave dissipation occurs, in the upper and midstratosphere during certain months of the year. In the lower stratosphere, the deseasonalized tracer‐based widths near the tropical tropopause correlate with the deseasonalized tropopause‐height based metrics. We also find that tracer‐tracer width correlations are strongest at pressure levels where their chemical lifetimes are similar. These metrics represent another useful way to estimate stratospheric tropical width and explore any changes under anthropogenic forcing.
Effects of Terrain and Landmass Near Fujian Province of China on the Structure and Propagation of a Long‐Lived Rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005): A Numerical Study
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Wang Yuqing , Lin Yanluan , Fei Rong , Gao Jianyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA ~14‐hr long‐lived spiral rainband in Typhoon Longwang (2005) produced catastrophic rainfall in Fujian Province of China on 2 October 2005. In this study, the effects of terrain and landmass near Fujian on the structure and propagation of this rainband are investigated through high‐resolution numerical simulations. Results show that although the terrain and landmass near Fujian played a marginal role in the formation of the rainband, both greatly affected the structure and propagation of the rainband. Namely, convection in the upwind sector of the rainband tended to be maintained and locked up near the coastline in the control experiment with both the terrain and landmass near Fujian retained, but shrank more inland with the terrain near Fujian flattened, and further inland with the landmass near Fujian replaced by the virtual ocean. It is found that due to the land‐sea surface roughness contrast, the upstream tangential winds from ocean would be substantially decelerated over land and thus induced a local subgradient force onshore near the coastline. The radially inward agradient force and the subsequent surface friction helped maintain the moisture convergence, and thus convection and the cold pool in the upwind sector of the rainband near the coastline. Although the orographic lifting and blocking effects were found to be marginal to the moisture convergence in the rainband, the terrains near Fujian enhanced the deceleration of surface winds, enhancing the effect of land‐sea surface roughness contrast on low‐level moisture convergence and thus the lockup of the upwind sector of the rainband.
Storm Time Plasma Pressure Inferred From Multimission Measurements and Its Validation Using Van Allen Probes Particle Data
Authors: Stephens G. K. , Bingham S. T. , Sitnov M. I. , Gkioulidou M. , Merkin V. G. , Korth H. , Tsyganenko N. A. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe k‐nearest‐neighbor technique is used to mine a multimission magnetometer database for a subset of data points from time intervals that are similar to the storm state of the magnetosphere for a particular moment in time. These subsets of data are then used to fit an empirical magnetic field model. Performing this for each snapshot in time reconstructs the dynamic evolution of the magnetic and electric current density distributions during storms. However, because weaker storms occur more frequently than stronger storms, the reconstructions are biased toward them. We demonstrate that distance weighting the nearest‐neighbors mitigates this issue while allowing a sufficient amount of data to be included in the fitting procedure to limit overfitting. Using this technique, we reconstruct the distribution of the magnetic field and electric currents and their evolution for two storms, the intense 17–19 March 2015 “Saint Patrick's Day” storm and a moderate storm occurring on 13–15 July 2013, from which the pressure distributions can be computed assuming isotropy and by integrating the steady‐state force‐balance equation. As the main phase of a storm progresses in time, the westward ring current density and pressure increases in the inner magnetosphere particularly on the nightside, becoming more symmetric as the recovery phase progresses. We validate the empirical pressure by comparing it to the observed pressures from the Van Allen Probes mission by summing over particle fluxes from all available energy channels and species.
Optimization Strategies for in Situ Groundwater Remediation by a Vertical Circulation Well Based on Particle‐Tracking and Node‐Dependent Finite Difference Methods
Authors: Zhu Qi , Wen Zhang , Zhan Hongbin , Yuan Songhu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBoth theory and application of multispecies reactive transport for in situ groundwater bioremediation involving a vertical circulation well (VCW) are not fully understood despite its importance and common usage in aquifer remediation practices. This study proposes novel approaches including two methods for design and remediation prediction of a VCW system, which involves multispecies, multiphase, and microbially enhanced reactive transport process. One is particle‐tracking method, which depicts the trajectories of particles released from an injection chamber; the other is node‐dependent finite difference (NDFD) method, which describes the advection‐dispersion process based on the inflow and outflow directions at each node. The numerical results demonstrate that the particle‐tracking method works well by yielding a useful index, that is, the recovery ratio, which helps optimize the in situ preliminary remediation screening. When biochemical parameters, dispersivities, and in situ contaminated conditions are known after the preliminary screening, the NDFD method performs better than the conventional Laplace transform finite difference method in terms of describing multispecies reactive transport with multiple phases in a VCW system. The proposed particle‐tracking method and NDFD methods are employed to elucidate different effects of factors such as injection mode, hydraulic conductivity anisotropy ratio, distance between injection and extraction screened intervals, and injection/extraction rate on recovery and removal ratios. Our findings suggest that both methods are effective tools for optimization and prediction of VCW remediation in an anisotropic aquifer.
A Fourier Series Solution for Transient Three‐Dimensional Thermohaline Convection in Porous Enclosures
Authors: Tabrizinejadas Sara , Fahs Marwan , Ataie‐Ashtiani Behzad , Simmons Craig T. , di Chiara Roupert Raphaël , Younes Anis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThermohaline convection (THC) in porous media is frequently investigated using the problem of porous enclosure. Most of the existing modeling‐based studies are limited to 2‐D simulations, because 2‐D assumption is widely used to deal with computational requirement of 3‐D numerical solutions. Analytical solutions serve as an alternative to deal with computational requirement of numerical solutions. Existing analytical solutions of THC are mostly limited to 2‐D and also under steady‐state regime. In this work, we develop a meshless 3‐D semianalytical solution for the problem of THC in a porous box under crossed thermal and solute gradients, for both steady state and transient regimes. The semianalytical solution is developed using the Fourier series (FS) method applied to the vector potential form of the governing equations. The extension to transient solutions represents an important technical feature of this work, as the applications of the FS method to density‐driven problems have been limited to steady‐state conditions. The FS solution is validated against a finite element solution obtained using COMSOL Multiphysics. Numerical experiments show the worthiness of the developed FS solution as a benchmark because it clearly allows making distinction between different numerical techniques. The effects of governing parameters on three‐dimensional THC have not been investigated previously. We perform a detailed parameter sensitivity analysis to address this gap. A vortex convective flow is observed and the orientation and intensity of the flow is sensitive to the gravity number. The increase in the temperature gradient reduces the salinity flux.
Multiple myeloma and SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of inpatient mortality
Authors: Martínez-López Joaquín , Mateos María-Victoria , Encinas Cristina , Sureda Anna , Hernández-Rivas José Ángel , Lopez de la Guía Ana , Conde Diego , Krsnik Isabel , Prieto Elena , Riaza Grau Rosalía , Gironella Mercedes , Blanchard María Jesús , Caminos Nerea , Fernández de Larrea Carlos , Senin María Alicia , Escalante Fernando , de la Puerta José Enrique , Giménez Eugenio , Martínez-Barranco Pilar , Mateos Juan José , Casado Luis Felipe , Bladé Joan , Lahuerta Juan José , de la Cruz Javier , San-Miguel Jesús 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is limited information on the characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) hospitalized with COVID-19. This retrospective case series investigated 167 patients reported from 73 hospitals within the Spanish Myeloma Collaborative Group network in March and April, 2020. Outcomes were compared with 167 randomly selected, contemporary, age-/sex-matched noncancer patients with COVID-19 admitted at six participating hospitals. Among MM and noncancer patients, median age was 71 years, and 57% of patients were male; 75 and 77% of patients, respectively, had at least one comorbidity. COVID-19 clinical severity was moderate–severe in 77 and 89% of patients and critical in 8 and 4%, respectively. Supplemental oxygen was required by 47 and 55% of MM and noncancer patients, respectively, and 21%/9% vs 8%/6% required noninvasive/invasive ventilation. Inpatient mortality was 34 and 23% in MM and noncancer patients, respectively. Among MM patients, inpatient mortality was 41% in males, 42% in patients aged >65 years, 49% in patients with active/progressive MM at hospitalization, and 59% in patients with comorbid renal disease at hospitalization, which were independent prognostic factors on adjusted multivariate analysis. This case series demonstrates the increased risk and identifies predictors of inpatient mortality among MM patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Impact of age on sorafenib outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: an international cohort study
Authors: Hajiev Saur , Allara Elias , Motedayеn Aval Leila , Arizumi Tadaaki , Bettinger Dominik , Pirisi Mario , Rimassa Lorenza , Pressiani Tiziana , Personeni Nicola , Giordano Laura , Kudo Masatoshi , Thimme Robert , Park Joong-Won , Taddei Tamar H. , Kaplan David E. , Ramaswami Ramya , Pinato David J. , Sharma Rohini 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus on the effect of sorafenib dosing on efficacy and toxicity in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Older patients are often empirically started on low-dose therapy with the aim to avoid toxicities while maximising clinical efficacy. We aimed to verify whether age impacts on overall survival (OS) and whether a reduced starting dose impacts on OS or toxicity experienced by the elderly.MethodsIn an international, multicentre cohort study, outcomes for those aged <75 or ≥75 years were determined while accounting for common prognostic factors and demographic characteristics in univariable and multivariable models.ResultsFive thousand five hundred and ninety-eight patients were recruited; 792 (14.1%) were aged ≥75 years. The elderly were more likely to have larger tumours (>7 cm) (39 vs 33%,p < 0.01) with preserved liver function (67 vs 57.7%) (p < 0.01). No difference in the median OS of those aged ≥75 years and <75 was noted (7.3 months vs 7.2 months; HR 1.00 (95% CI 0.93–1.08),p = 0.97). There was no relationship between starting dose of sorafenib 800 mg vs 400 mg/200 mg and OS between those <75 and ≥75 years. The elderly experienced a similar overall incidence of grade 2–4 sorafenib-related toxicity compared to <75 years (63.5 vs 56.7%,p = 0.11). However, the elderly were more likely to discontinue sorafenib due to toxicity (27.0 vs 21.6%,p < 0.01). This did not vary between different starting doses of sorafenib.ConclusionsClinical outcomes in the elderly is equivalent to patients aged <75 years, independent of dose of sorafenib prescribed.
Semaphorin 7a is a biomarker for recurrence in postpartum breast cancer
Authors: Borges Virginia F. , Hu Junxiao , Young Chloe , Maggard Jaron , Parris Hannah J. , Gao Dexiang , Lyons Traci R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is a global health threat and cases diagnosed in women during the years after childbirth, or postpartum breast cancers (PPBCs), have high risk for metastasis. In preclinical murine models, semaphorin 7a (SEMA7A) drives the metastatic potential of postpartum mammary tumors. Thus, we hypothesize that SEMA7A may drive metastasis of PPBC in women. We report that SEMA7A protein expression is increased in PPBCs compared to their nulliparous counterparts in our University of Colorado cohort. Additionally, tumors from PPBC patients with involved lymph nodes and lymphovascular invasion were higher on average suggesting a potential role for SEMA7A as a prognostic biomarker. Consistent with this hypothesis we identify a level of SEMA7A expression in tumors that can predict for recurrence. We propose SEMA7A as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for PPBC patients, who currently lack strong predictors of outcome and unique targeted therapy options.