bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slot-die printed Co3O4 nanolayers
Authors: Koshlakova V , Muratov D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we report on the possibility of obtaining uniform cobalt oxide nanolayers by slot-die printing of the dispersion onto conductive substrates. Dispersions for printing were obtained as a result of ultrasonic treatment of a mixture of cobalt oxide nanopowder with water. Nanopowder was synthesized by wet chemistry followed by heat treatment at a temperature of 200 °C. The resulting powder has platelet morphology. The chemical composition, uniformity, structure and size of the powder and nanolayers of cobalt oxide were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The proposed easy and cost-effective method of slot-die printing from dispersion can be prospectively used to the production of cobalt oxide nanolayers for development of thin-film electronics and solar cells.
Growth Optimisation of Bacillus subtilis in medium supplemented with prebiotic gum Arabic
Authors: Aziz Norhidayah Abd , Mohd Salleh Noor Hasyierah , Anuar Adilah , Samat Amira Farzana , Lian Ou Li , Mohd Hassan Siti Aminah , Abu Hassan Asrarul Fikri 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis is a type of gastrointestinal bacteria that build up a healthy gut microbiota. The bacterial species has been well documented to involve in maintaining a healthy gut homeostasis in which disruption in it’s microbial composition or “dysbiosis” has recently been linked to obesity. Probiotic in vivo restoration of dysbiosed microbiota have been proved successful in obese CD-1 mice model. However, prebiotic study using Gum Arabic (GA) assessing to optimise an in vitro lumen system specifically targeting to enhance the growth of B. subtilis are still lacking since this bacteria are depleted in obese individuals. Thus, this study aimed to establish the optimal growth conditions in simulated in vitro lumen system and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vitro study attempted to optimize the growth of B. subtilis in medium supplemented with prebiotic GA. Growth screening analysis suggested an optimal dosage of 1.0% and 0.5% glucose and GA, respectively. The highest growth rate was recorded at 0.7995 hours−1 with doubling time of 52.02 minutes with extended period of stationary phase. The optimal GA concentration and fermentation conditions were determined at 0.67%, pH 7.4 and temperature of 37°C. The validated suggested model indicates that the supplementation of GA into an optimal fermentation systems is promising to enhance the growth of gut microflora Bacillus subtilis, for restoration of a dysbiosed gut microbiota in vitro.
Characterization and Kinetic Studies on Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Azaliah Azhari Emi Nor , Ab Rahim Siti Kartini Enche , Duke Alvin , Yong Hoo Peng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recently, many researchers tend to study the performance of hybrid polyoxometalates (HPOM) as photocatalyst due to its greater performance in photocatalytic degradation. The process that based on the light enhanced generation of reactive OH radical that plays an important role in order to convert organic compound completely into water, CO2 and inorganic compounds. In this research, the photocatalytic degradation of phenol was studied using HPOM as photocatalyst. The HPOM was synthesized and used to study its effect on photocatalytic degradation of phenol. The synthesized HPOM were characterized using SEM and FTIR. It was found that the surface morphology of the synthesized HPOM le displayed an irregular spherical-like shape, granular structure with different size and least distribution of non-agglomerated rod-like nanoparticles. The present of WO6 octahedral and PO4 octahedral indicated that Keggin type structure of synthesized hybrid polyoxometalates. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of phenol via hybrid polyoxometalates follows pseudo first order kinetic reaction.
Mini Review: Extraction of Allicin from Allium sativum using Subcritical Water Extraction
Authors: Zaini A S , Putra N R , Idham Z , Md Norodin N S , Mohd Rasidek N A , Che Yunus M A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Garlic or Allium sativum have a lot of health benefits, especially on reducing blood pressure, fighting against the common cold and improve cholesterol in which lower the risk of heart attack problem. It is considered as one of the best disease preventive foods as it exhibits high biological activity when the fresh garlic is cut or crushed that attributed to sulfur compounds and thiosulphates. One of the active compounds in thiosulphates group namely allicin. Generally, allicin is not presence in garlic and to produce the allicin, enzyme alliinase is needed to activate with the presence of water. The common technique to extract allicin is using solvent extraction, UAE, PLE and SCCO2. The drawbacks of using these techniques including the use of organic solvent, long extraction time, and required two type of processes which is enzymatic process and extraction process. SWE is introduced to enhance the conventional process with high purity of product, water poses a mimic the properties of organic solvent and the enzymatic and extraction process undergo in one system. Therefore, this mini review aims to discuss the allicin in garlic, the literature on allicin extraction, the principle of SWE, and the application of SWE on allicin extraction.
Preliminary study on immobilization of plant esterase on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for biosensor application
Authors: Abdullah Nurul Awanis , Yusof Faridah , Ahmad Farah B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is extremely important to increase their solubility. This study reported the efficient functionalization of MWCNTs via acid treatment introducing carboxyl group at the side wall of MWCNTs by mixing the concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid. Plant esterase enzyme extracted from wheat flour called alpha naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) was immobilized onto functionalized MWCNTs via covalent attachment of amine group in ANAE and carboxyl group of functionalized MWCNTs. In order to characterize the functionalization of MWCNTs and immobilization of enzyme, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have been used to confirm the existence of these functional groups. The FTIR spectrums revealed that the several peaks formed at 1992.39, 2324.14, 2880.85 and 3029.51 cm−1 which can be assigned to the C=O symmetric stretching, O−H stretch from strongly hydrogen-bonded –COOH, H−C stretch modes of H−C=O in the carboxyl group, and O-H stretch from carboxyl groups (O=C−OH and C−OH) respectively. The immobilization of ANAE on functionalized MWCNTs confirmed by observation of the peak at 3646.81 cm−1 and 3850.91 cm−1 introduced the strong amide linkages between carboxylic acid groups and amine group on the MWCNTs. This proposed framework can be applied for fabrication of screen printed electrode as biosensor for detection of pesticide.
Surface Water Treatment with Natural Starches as Coagulant via Coagulation Process
Authors: Zainol N A , Bakar S N S , Zailani S N , Ghani A A , Ahmad Sohaimi K S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, natural polymers in the forms of starch from sago and tapioca were used as coagulant. The removal of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) using coagulation process from river water was examined. The treatment on the river water sample was evaluated via a series of Jar Test experimental works with rapid mixing speed of 120 rpm for 1 minute, slow mixing speed of 30 rpm for 20 minutes and settling time of 60 minutes. The tapioca starch removed 93.7% of turbidity at dosage of 1000 mg/L. While, sago starch successfully removed 96.4% of turbidity under optimum dosage of 2000 mg/L. pH 12 was optimum pH for turbidity removal by using sago and tapioca starch whereas the highest percentage of COD removal occurred at pH 4 using sago and tapioca starch. At pH 4, tapioca and sago starch removed 22.5% and 25% of COD respectively. Overall tapioca starch showed better removal percentage of turbidity compared to sago starch throughout the experiment study. Generally, the usage of natural polymers as coagulants is good for turbidity removal; however, it did not work well on COD removal.
Design of Load Control System Using DTMF
Authors: Abdullah MM , Hasan MZ , Muhyiddin Yusof A. , Rahman A S F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In agricultural sectors, one of the problems faced by the farmer is the water usage for watering schedule sometimes was wasted. With inefficient irrigation system, the water wastage could occur and resulting the excessive moisture for the soil and damaging the crops. The load control system in agricultural sectors especially for irrigation system is very important since it can affect the efficiency and the productivity of the operationsThe agricultural sectors also have many latest technologies implemented to the system such as irrigation system, temperature and humidity detection system and many other systems in order to operate efficiently so it can give profitable outcome. So, a desired load control system using Dual-Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) will be design for irrigation system in order to overcome the inefficiency of manual irrigation system. By using DTMF to control the irrigation system, it will consume less time and it can be control in a wide range. Firstly, by using Arduino IDE software, the coding for this control system is written with C++ language. Then, it will be compiled to make sure the coding working without any errors before it is uploaded into the Arduino Uno board. The coding will then be uploaded by connecting the Arduino Uno board to the computer via USB. Next, the schematic layout design of this control system will be simulated using Proteus 8 and Fritzing software. After the simulation of the circuit is successful, the construction of the hardware will take place. The hardware of this load control system that be assembled first is connecting the cell phone to the DTMF decoder by using 3.5mm jack. Then, from the DTMF decoder it will be connected to the Arduino Uno board. The 4 channel 12V relay then connected to the output port of the Arduino Uno. In conclusion, this irrigation control system works when the user sent the signal using cell phone and it will be received by the other cell phone that attach to the DTMF decoder
Investigation of Scribing Quality Defect of Thin Film Solar Cell Using Machine Vision
Authors: Shuaimi R , Ismail R C , Hazwan Hadzir M N , Isa M N M , Jambek A B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Laser micromachining provide significant effect in thin film solar industrial field especially in determining cell efficiency of each panels. However, there is an issue in determining scribing failure or defect on solar module. This research aims to investigate the defects of laser micromachining process in thin film solar module in manufacturing fields. Machine vision inspection system is used as inspection tools and to investigate the defect of laser micromachining in thin film solar cells. As a result, two major defects is define which is scribe line quality and scribe line position defects in every scribe line. By identifying the defect cause by laser micromachining through machine vision, quality control plan can be taken together to prevent reoccurrence.
Analysis and Identification of Tumor Cells In MRI And CT Images Based On Nanotechnology Using Neuro Fuzzy Image Fusion
Authors: Mary Praveena S , Kanmani R , Kavitha A K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Image fusion is a sub field of Medical imaging in which more than one images are fused to create an image where all the objects are in focus. The process of image fusion is performed for multi-sensor and multi-focus images of the same scene. Multi-sensor images of the same scene are captured by different sensors whereas multi-focus images are captured by the same sensor. In multi-focus images, the objects in the scene which are closer to the camera are in focus and the farther objects get blurred. Contrary to it, when the farther objects are focused then closer objects get blurred in the image. To achieve an image where all the objects are in focus, the process of images fusion is performed either in spatial domain or in transformed domain. In recent times, the applications of image processing have grown immensely. Usually due to limited depth of field of optical lenses especially with greater focal length, it becomes impossible to obtain an image where all the objects are in focus. Thus it plays an important role to perform tasks of analysis and identification of tumor cells in MRI and CT images based on neuro fuzzy image fusion. Hence, a novel feature-level multi-focus image fusion technique has been proposed which fuses multi-focus images. Thus the results of extensive experimentation performed to highlight the efficiency and utility of the proposed technique is presented. The proposed work further explores comparison between fuzzy based image fusion and neuro fuzzy fusion technique along with quality evaluation indices. In order to benefit from the highly conformal irradiation of, sophisticated treatment planning and simulation are required to analysis and identify the tumor in MRI and CT Scan images. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of MRI and CT for treatment plan simulation and adaptation using a neuro fuzzy image fusion.
Electronic Nose Testing for Confined Space Application Utilizes Principal Component Analysis and Support Vector Machine
Authors: Bakar M.A.A. , Abdullah A.H. , Mustafa W.A. , Razali Z.B. , Saidi S.A. , Kader M.M.M.A. , Aman M.N.S.B.S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A confined space has a limited space for entry and exit but it is large enough for workers to enter and perform work inside. It is not designed for continuous occupancy because it can contribute atmospheric hazards accidents that threaten the worker safety and industry progress. In this work, we reported the testing an instrument to assist workers for atmosphere testing during pre-entry. An electronic nose (e-nose) using specific sensor arrays is the integration between hardware and software that able to sense different concentrations of gases in an air sample using pattern recognition techniques. The instrument utilizes multivariate statistical analysis which is Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for discriminate the different concentrations of gases and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify the acquired data from the air sample. The instrument was successfully tested using diesel, gasoline, petrol and thinner. The results show that the instrument able to discriminate an air sample using PCA with total variation for 99.94%, while the classifier success rate for SVM indicates at 98.21% for train performance and 95.83% for test performance. This will contribute significantly to acquiring a new and alternative method of using the instrument for monitoring the atmospheric hazards in confined space to ensure the safety of workers during work progress in a confined space.
Performance Analysis of Unipolar SPWM Inverter: Resistive load and Inductive load
Authors: Aihsan M. Z. , Yusof A. M. , Ahmad N.I. , Saifizi M. , Habibah H. M. , Rahman D. H. A. , Mustafa W. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the performance analysis of the Unipolar SPWM Inverter for the resistive and inductive load testing. The common criteria reported in various technical papers where the resistive load will produce a unity power factor correction and lagging power factor behaviour for inductive load. This paper is to demonstrate the performance of both loads that are tested to the single phase Unipolar SPWM inverter under the modulation ratio of 0.8. The performances will be covered in term of the waveform behavior and THDv performance. The project are carried out through the simulation using PSIM software and real implementation to the real hardware. The selection of filter for this paper is the low pass passive LC filter.
Artificial Magnetic Conductor to Enhance Microstrip Patch Textile Antenna Performance for WiMAX Application
Authors: Zahid L , Abu Bakar H , Abdul Rani K N , Sabapathy T , Jamlos M A , Rejab M R A , Musa K S , Hamzah D , Bahari N , Che Yob R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A rectangular microstrip patch textile antenna with Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) operated at the center frequency of 5.80 gigahertz (GHz) for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) application was designed and simulated using the CST Microwave Studio 2016 and fabricated in this study. The use of AMC could solve the inflexibility of FR4 substrate that limits human body movement and reduce the radiation scattered on the human body whilst increasing the antenna gain and directivity. The antenna consists of 5×5 square shape gap of AMC unit cells ground layer using ShieldIt Super, five substrate layers using cotton (viscose) fabric as well as patch layer and another ground layer using the same ShieldIt Super. AMC is a metamaterial that imitates the conduct of zero reflection phase of Perfect Magnetic Conductor (PMC) on the resonant frequency not evidently existed in nature. Overall, the antenna with AMC has the significant return loss, S11 below than -30 decibel (dB), gain improved to more than 8 dB, and directivity elevated to more than 9 dBi at resonant frequency near to 5.80 GHz, respectively.
Development of Cloud-based Electronic Nose for University Laboratories Air Monitoring
Authors: Abdullah A.H. , Bakar M.A.A. , Saad F.S.A. , Sudin S. , Ahmad Z.A. , Elshaikh M. , Ismail K.A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Indoor air in area such as house, shopping complex, hospital, university, office and hotel should be monitor for human safety and wellbeing. These closed areas are prone to harmful air pollutants i.e. allergens, smoke, mold, particles, radon and hazardous gas. Laboratories in university are special room in which workers (student, technician, teaching/research assistants, researcher and lecturer) conduct their works and experiments. These activities and the environment will generate air pollutants which concentration depending on their parameters. Anyone in the environment that exposure to these pollutants may have safety and health issue. This paper propose a study of development of a cloud-based electronic nose system for university laboratories air monitoring. The system consists of five dsPIC33-based electronic nose (e-nose) as node which measure main indoor air pollutants along with two thermal comfort variables, i.e. temperature and relative humidity. The nodes are placed at five different laboratories for acquiring air pollutants data in real time. The data will be sent to a web server and the cloud-based system will process, analyse and display by a website in real time. The system will monitor the laboratories main air pollutants and thermal comfort by forecast the contaminants concentration and dispersion in the area. In case of air hazard safety (e.g., gas spills detection and pollution monitoring), the system will alert the security by activate an alarm and through e-mail. The website will display the Air Pollution Index (API) of the area in real-time. Results show that the system performance is good and can be used to monitor the air pollution in the university laboratories.
Development of Smart Incubator Grow System For Plant
Authors: Rosli A.N.C , Irfan M.N. , Nazren A.R.A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the current industrialized food production network, most food suppliers rely on large, mono-crop farms that grow massive amounts of a single product and ship it around the globe. Food may travel thousands of miles over the course of days, weeks, or even months before it reaches our tables. Not only is this system strain on the environment, and on the cost to the consumer, but it also affects the quality of the food we put in our bodies. The objective of this project is to design and develop a smart incubator grow system for plants by developing the open source hardware and software platforms for sensor-controlled hydroponic and aeroponic agriculture systems. Inside of this smart incubator, climate variables such as carbon dioxide, air temperature, humidity, dissolved oxygen, potential hydrogen, electrical conductivity, root-zone temperature, and more can be controlled and monitored. Usage specifications such as operational energy, water use, and mineral consumption can also be monitored and adjusted through electrical meters, flow sensors, and controllable chemical doses throughout the growth period. The complete set of conditions throughout a growth cycle produces unique phenotypic expressions, or physical qualities in different plants. Plants grown under different conditions may vary in colour, size, texture, growth rate, yield, flavour, and nutrient density. The system can be monitor and control through wireless connectivity technology
Development of Ripeness Indicator for Quality Assessment of Harumanis Mango by using Image Processing Technique
Authors: Abu Bakar M.N , Abdullah A.H. , Rahim N.A. , Yazid H. , Saad F.S.A. , Ahmad K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Visual appearance is the main source of information that can be used for quality assessment of mango. In this study, a non-destructive ripeness level estimation for mango of the cultivar Harumanis based on digital image analysis was employed. The changing peel and flesh colour of mango is strongly correlated to ripeness that can be measured as a sensual quality parameter. This measurement of ripeness level has been determined by image analysis technique which needs to attribute external and internal colour feature from image segmentation Multilevel thresholding technique is proposed for colour image segmentation to extract the mango region from the background which every channel of five colour spaces have been applied. Colour analysis technique and Total soluble solids (TSS) is used to compare and evaluate for the prediction. The optimal results were obtained that a* channel from L*a*b colour space has given more logical and better performance of prediction which is more than 92% accuracy.
A High Efficiency Antenna Array for Wireless Communication Systems
Authors: Jawad Zahraa A. , Alwan Joolan N. , Abed Hussam H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An antenna array with 4 ports is designed and implemented. The proposed antenna consists of four ports and a four-antenna array Microstrip patch antenna with ground plane extruded on the substrate. The overall size of the proposed substrate is 220×220 mm
2. The antenna is fabricated on an inexpensive FR4 a dielectric constant of εr=4.5, loss tangent of tan δ=0.019, with thickness of substrate of 1.6-mm and the thickness of patch is 0.035 mm. The measured results represent that the proposed antenna obtained a reasonable bandwidth from 2.4 GHz that could cover point-to-point application defined by 10-dB return loss. Furthermore, The S-Parameters of antenna are simulated and measured. A four-port antenna operating in point-to-point applications is designed; the antenna shows good pattern diversity low correlation coefficient.