bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical analysis of residential meter degradation in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Ryan Fourie  , Annlizé L Marnewick  , Nazeer Joseph  
Published: October 2020

Understanding the degradation rates of water meters assists utilities in making informed management decisions regarding meter replacement programmes and meter technology selection. This research evaluated the performance of 200 residential meters of two different technologies commonly used in Gauteng, South Africa, namely velocity meters and volumetric meters. This was done by conducting empirical meter testing in a verification laboratory and evaluating the degradation accuracy of each meter technology based on age and volume. Results indicate that velocity meters experience an accuracy degradation rate of approximately −1.13% per 1 000 kL of volume passed through the meter and an inferred initial error of −10.80%. Meter accuracy was not strongly related to age of the velocity meters tested. Volumetric meters did not exhibit a strong link with either age or accumulated volume, indicated by a loose grouping of results. These results indicate that accumulated volume of a velocity meter is a more reliable predictor of accuracy than age, and should be used when planning replacement strategies for velocity meters. Additionally, the lack of predictable degradation rates related to either age or accumulated volume for volumetric meters indicates that the accuracy of volumetric meters is primarily affected by other external factors, such as particulates or entrained air in the water network. These findings will assist utility managers in predicting the accuracy of their meter fleet and in making informed decisions regarding meter replacement.
Dense Seismic Array Study of a Legacy Underground Nuclear Test at the Nevada National Security Site
Authors: Onyango Evans Awere , Abbott Robert E. , Worthington Lindsay L. , Preston Leiph A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe complex postdetonation geologic structures that form after an underground nuclear explosion are hard to constrain because increased heterogeneity around the damage zone affects seismic waves that propagate through the explosion site. Generally, a vertical rubble-filled structure known as a chimney is formed after an underground nuclear explosion that is composed of debris that falls into the subsurface cavity generated by the explosion. Compared with chimneys that collapse fully, leaving a surface crater, partially collapsed chimneys can have remnant subsurface cavities left in place above collapsed rubble. The 1964 nuclear test HADDOCK, conducted at the Nevada test site (now the Nevada National Security Site), formed a partially collapsed chimney with no surface crater. Understanding the subsurface structure of these features has significant national security applications, such as aiding the study of suspected underground nuclear explosions under a treaty verification. In this study, we investigated the subsurface architecture of the HADDOCK legacy nuclear test using hybrid 2D–3D active source seismic reflection and refraction data. The seismic data were acquired using 275 survey shots from the Seismic Hammer (a 13,000 kg weight drop) and 65 survey shots from a smaller accelerated weight drop, both recorded by ∼1000 three-component 5 Hz geophones. First-arrival, P-wave tomographic modeling shows a low-velocity anomaly at ∼200  m depth, likely an air-filled cavity caused by partial collapse of the rock column into the temporary postdetonation cavity. A high-velocity anomaly between 20 and 60 m depth represents spall-related compaction of the shallow alluvium. Hints of low velocities are also present near the burial depth (∼364  m). The reflection seismic data show a prominent subhorizontal reflector at ∼300  m depth, a short-curved reflector at ∼200  m, and a high-amplitude reflector at ∼50  m depth. Comparisons of the reflection sections to synthetic data and borehole stratigraphy suggest that these features correspond to the alluvium–tuff contact, the partial collapse cavity, and the spalled layer, respectively.
Using Teleseismic P-Wave Arrivals to Calibrate the Clock Drift of Autonomous Underwater Hydrophones
Authors: Sukhovich Alexey , Perrot Julie , Royer Jean-Yves 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Networks of autonomous underwater hydrophones (AUHs) are successfully employed for monitoring the low-level seismicity of mid-oceanic ridges by detecting hydroacoustic phases known as T waves. For a precise localization of a seismic event from T-wave arrival times, all AUHs must be synchronized. To this effect, at the beginning of the experiment, all instrument clocks are set to GPS time, which serves as a common reference. However, during the experiment, the instrument clock often deviates from GPS time, and, because the amount of deviation differs from one instrument to another, the synchronization of the AUHs deteriorates, as the experiment progresses in time. Just after the instrument recovery, the time difference (called “skew”) between the instrument and the GPS clocks is measured. Assuming that the skew varies linearly with time, the correction of a time series for the clock drift is a straightforward procedure. When the final skew cannot be determined, correcting for the clock drift is not possible, and any event localization becomes problematic. In this article, we demonstrate that the clock-drift rate (assumed to be time-independent) can be successfully estimated from arrival times of teleseismic P waves, commonly recorded by AUHs. Using a ray-tracing code, and accounting for the uncertainties in event hypocenter locations, origin times, and the Earth seismic-velocity model, confidence intervals of the estimated drift rates are deduced. The validity of the approach is tested on data from two AUHs with known clock drifts. Our results show that a reliable estimation is possible for skews as small as 4 s per two years (corresponding to a drift rate of about 5.5  ms·day−1). This method can also be applied to correct data of other recording instruments subject to internal-clock drift, such as ocean-bottom seismometers, when the skew is unknown.
Global Trends and Directions of Development of Industrial Robots
Authors: Varshavsky A. E. , Dubinina V. V. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: the main purpose of this article is to analyze the main trends and directions of development of industrial robots, as well as the problems associated with their distribution. To achieve these goals, the following tasks were solved: analysis of the dynamics of the stock of industrial robots, the structure of the stock of robots by region (Europe, America, Asia / Australia), as well as the annual volumes and structure of world sales of robots by key industries; analysis of the main tasks of industrial robots, performed by them in these industries, and the directions of their use; analyze the dynamics of the robot fleet by industry in different countries (Japan, USA, South Korea, China, Germany, etc.); analysis of indicators and problems of using industrial robots in Russia.Methods: the research methodology consists in a comparative analysis of the use of industrial robots in different industries (automotive, food, chemical, electronic, etc.) based on statistical data by country. A systematic approach, tabular and graphical interpretation of information was applied, analysis of the dynamics of the levels of the time series, the calculation of growth indices of indicators.Results: the analysis showed that the use of industrial robots reduces injuries at the workplace, production costs and improves the quality of the final product, productivity, flexibility and safety, which contributes to a significant increase in their use in both developed and developing countries.Conclusions and Relevance: recently, robotization has become available even in non-industrial countries. The introduction of robotization into production processes increases the competitiveness of the economy. The acceleration of digitalization and automation, as well as the ease of use of industrial robots, are driving their proliferation. In Russia, the wider use of industrial robots, the development of the industrial Internet of things and the implementation of digitalization are possible only on the basis of the restoration and further development of mechanical engineering, electronic and other manufacturing industries.
Effect of video-assisted structured teaching program on knowledge of breast self-examination among female college students of Puducherry: a pre and post experimental study
Authors: Mathew Neethu Mariya , Ramakrishnan Jayalakshmy , Venkatesan Yamuna Thirvanthipuram , Chandar Deepika 
Published: October 2020

Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is an easy method for early detection of breast cancer that can be performed by self at home. The present study was done to assess the effect of video-assisted structured teaching program on knowledge of BSE among female college students of Puducherry.Methods: This pre and post experimental study was conducted in September 2014 among 160 college students at government women’s college, Puducherry who were aged 18-26 years. The knowledge was assessed using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire following which breast self-examination techniques were taught to them using a video. The post-assessment was done after 14 days of teaching program using the same tool.Results: Of the 160 participants, 90% were undergraduates, 85.6% were Hindus, 58.1% were from rural area and 5.6% were having family history of breast cancer. The knowledge regarding the breast cancer was good even before the intervention and the media was the main source of information. The video-assisted structured teaching used in this study was effective to improve the overall awareness score for breast cancer and BSE significantly. The change in knowledge regarding the steps and the pattern of performing BSE was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The video-assisted teaching used was found to be effective in improving the knowledge regarding BSE. This type of regular health education with short videos can be a useful method for imparting knowledge to college students about BSE. However, the exact technique of performing BSE needs further reinforcement among the study participants.
Correlation between fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological examination in thyroid swellings-a pilot study
Authors: Gupta Sanjay V. , Munjal Manish , Gupta Devyani , Gupta Siddharth , Munjal Shubham , Kashal Ishita Gupta , Chopra Hemant 
Published: October 2020

Background: Thyroid swellings are an enigma that necessitates either, a partial thyroidectomy and a tissue diagnosis to be followed by completion surgery or straightaway a radical intervention. A preoperative presumptive diagnosis of a thyroid swelling, solitary or otherwise is correlated with the post-surgical histopathological finding in the present study.Methods: 30 patients of thyroid nodules were selected from the head-neck tumour clinic of Dayanand medical college hospital, Ludhiana. Pre-operative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed and subjects taken for thyroidectomy, partial or total as the case maybe.Results: There were 20 (66.6%) females in the age group 25-65 years and 10 males (33.3%) 19-50 years with thyroid nodules. 86.6%, 26 patients were of follicular adenoma, 10% 3 patients of papillary carcinoma and 3.33% 1 patient of follicular carcinoma. No case in this study was reported as medullary carcinoma. In the cytological diagnosis of follicular neoplasm in 5 cases, 3 were diagnosed as thyroid adenoma, 2 were finally found to be papillary carcinoma. Overall sensitivity of fine needle aspiration was 40%. There was 84.6% agreement in follicular adenoma; 33% in papillary carcinoma and 100% in follicular carcinoma, and overall accuracy was 85.7%.Conclusion: FNAC is an ideal preoperative investigative modality in thyroid swellings with overall accuracy of 85 % and can differentiate preoperatively a benign from a malignant thyromegaly; and thereby plan extent of surgery, with or without a neck dissection, Maximum cases of follicular adenoma could be easily diagnosed with this aspiration modality.
Characteristics of patients infected with SARS COVID-19 admitted at COVID health facilities in one of the aspirational district of India: a retrospective study
Authors: Sharma Ekta , Katoch Gurmeet , Guleri Rajesh , Bhardwaj Jalam 
Published: October 2020

Background: COVID-19 is the third corona virus that has emerged among the human population in the last two decades. The main aim of this study was to describe the epidemiologic features, clinical presentation of first 52 patients diagnosed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted at COVID health facilities.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted over a period of three months from 1st April 2020 to 30th June 2020. We obtained demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory data from the medical records of patients infected with SARS-Cov-2. The categorical variables were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages and the continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation. In addition to descriptive analysis, Pearson’s chi- square test was applied to ascertain the associations between certain variables.Results: The mean age of participants was 29±11.67 years with a male preponderance. Forty three (83%) patients had travel history within India in the previous 30 days i.e. from Delhi (35%), Haryana (15%), Tamilnadu (11%), Himachal Pradesh (8%), Maharashtra (1.9%), Punjab (8%), and Uttar Pradesh (4%). Majority of the patients (90%) were asymptomatic. The age group of 21-30 years was the most affected group (44%) as comparison to the other age groups. No mortality was reported and 100% recovery rate was found.Conclusions: In conclusion, COVID-19 affects a wide-range of patients, from youth to the elderly. In this study, all the COVID-19 infected patients were classified as mild as most were asymptomatic. Close monitoring and large-scale control strategies will be needed to prevent widespread transmission within the community.
Socioeconomic determinants of anaemia in preschool children in Uttar Pradesh: evidence from NFHS-4 survey
Authors: Kumar Anil , Gulati Bal Kishan , Sahu Damodar , Ranjan Varsha , Rao M. V. Vardhana 
Published: October 2020

Background: In India, 89 million preschool children (6-59 months) suffer from anaemia. As per NFHS-4, the prevalence of anaemia in Uttar Pradesh was 63.2%. A study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among preschool children and to examine rural-urban differentials and association of socioeconomic determinants with anaemia. The secondary data of the National Family Health Survey-4 conducted in the year 2015-16 was used.Methods: The prevalence of anaemia was calculated and chi-square test and binary logistic regression was carried out to identify the association between anaemia status and socioeconomic factors.Results: Results show that 78% and 77% children in 12-23 months age group were anaemic in urban and rural areas respectively. Around 72% and 65% children whose mothers had no formal education were anaemic in urban and rural areas respectively. Around 73% of children belonging to poorest wealth index in urban areas and 64% belonging to poorer wealth index in rural areas were anaemic. Around 70% children whose mothers had anaemia were anaemic in both urban and rural areas of the state.Conclusions: The association between anaemia in preschool children and different socioeconomic variables was profound. Educational status of mother and anaemia in mothers have a significant role in reduction of anaemia. The socioeconomic conditions of households, education level of mothers and their anaemia status need to be improved to reduce anaemia in preschool children in Uttar Pradesh and it requires immediate attention of planners and policy makers.
A literature review on depression and its risk factors among people suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Asian sub-continent
Authors: Sharma Amrit 
Published: October 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases. It has been suggested that emotional disturbances such as depression and anxiety are common among patients with COPD. This review aims to highlight the presence of depression and associated risk factors among patients suffering from COPD in Asia. Fifty-eight observational studies were retrieved through data sources like PubMed, Medical subject heading (MeSH) search and Google scholar. After thorough screening total thirteen studies were identified and included in this review. Based on the results of these studies, the south and west Asian countries had higher proportion of depression. However, risk factor results were mixed which includes severity of obstruction/global initiative for obstructive lung disease (GOLD) criteria, Stage 2 COPD, teetotallers, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, and exercise (BODE) index, urban residence, female gender, education level, dyspnoea, low income, poor Quality of life (QOL) scores, age, poor self-reported health, basic activity of daily living (BADL) disability. Further superior research studies with larger sample size are required on Asian population. All in all, it is recommended that early diagnosis and treatment of depression should be included as a part of management in COPD as it can help to minimize the risk of morbidity and mortality in the patients.
Genetic Stability The Protein Encoding Envelope (E) Genes Dengue Virus Serotype-4 Passaged in Vero Cell As A Candidate Chimera Vaccine Material
Authors: Karsari Deya 
Published: October 2020

This study aims to analyze genetic stability of the gene encoding the envelope protein (E) dengue virus serotype-4 passaged in vero cells, Denv-4 passaged in vero cells serially then continued with RNA extraction at passage 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 ,50 , and 60, and then continued with two step PCR and amplification, and sequencing then analyze the nucleotide stability with BLAST and MEGA 5 software. The result shows that there are many variable site in nucleotide and amino acid with high mutation rate 57.4% for nucleotide and 71.9% for amino acid ,while the similarity between passages are high ranging from 91% - 98%. The conclusion for this study is Denv-4 after analyzed shows that the gene encoding protein E has many variable site but high in similarity.
Characterization of CD4+ Lymphocyte From Bone Marrow Stem Cell Using Indirect Immunofluoresence For HIV & AIDS Treatment
Authors: Purwati Purwati 
Published: October 2020

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HN). At the beginning of infection, gpl20 virus interacts with CD4 receptor at the surface of the target cell. The interaction between gpI20 and CD4 leads to the occurrence of the binding of specific chemokine receptor CXCR4 and CCR5, which are also present on the membrane of the target cell. Therefore, CCR5 arid CXCR4 also determine the fate of the target cell. It is the performance of CCR5 and CXCR4, guided by controlling gene that determines susceptibility or resistance to HN infection. Coding gene CCR5 may mutate to become protective or resistant against HTV infection. In homozygote individuals, it tends to be resistant against infection while in heterozygote individuals it tends to be susceptible to HN infection. Objective: To characterize TCD4 lymphocyte in the next that is resistant against HN infection by using gene therapy deletion 32 CCR5 to use for HTV & AIDS treatment. Method: Sample collection, mononucleated cell collection, lymphocyte culture, CD4 identification, CCR5 variance analysis, co-cultivation with PBMC HN and comparison to control. Result: This study was performed in several steps, such as mononucleated cell isolation, followed with cell culture, lymphocyte purification, lymphocyte and CD4 expression identification. Conclusion: Lymphocyte T CD4 had been mature after seven passages, once passage is about 5 days so for maturity lymphocyte T CD4 need 35 days and that cell as be candidate to resistant against HN infection by using gene therapy deletion 32 CCR5 to use for HN & AIDS treatment.
MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI DAN PEMASARAN PRODUK TAHU KURING PADA HOME INDUSTRY TAHU KURING MAKASSAR
Authors: Aladin Andi , Modding Basri , Syarief Takdir , Wiyani Lastri 
Published: October 2020

Kuring tofu factory in Makassar / Gowa (South Sulawesi Province) is one of the home industries producing tofu from soybean raw materials that has been pioneered since 2017. The form of the curing tofu business is still very simple, the tofu production process is still simple, not yet regulated according to ideal needs. Likewise, special clothing equipment for production and packaging employees is not standard. The marketing system is still simple, market reach is still limited. In service activities by the UMI Makassar lecturer team funded by DRPM RISTEK-BRIN on the PKM (Community Partnership Program) scheme aims to help develop partners in the Makassar Kuring tofu factory business group to be more economically independent, improve their thinking and innovation skills. Service activities undertaken are to help deal with two main priority issues, namely: (1) Production Problems, which are related to production methods based on hygienic principles of the product, including production space management; (2) Marketing management issues. From the results of these service activities, increased partner empowerment, in this case increased production system arrangements, increased marketing reach, and finally increased turnover from sales of tofu preservative products from three million rupiahs per day to four point five million rupiahs per day (increased to 50%).

Keywords: Kuring tofu, production, marketing management, increased turnover.

ABSTRAK.
Pabrik “Tahu Kuring” di Makassar/Gowa (Sulawesi Selatan) merupakan salah satu home industry yang meproduksi tahu dari bahan baku kedelai yang dirintis sejak tahun 2017. Bentuk usaha tahu kuring ini masih sangat sederhana, proses produksi tahu masih sederhana, belum tertata sesuai kebutuhan ideal. Begitu pula perlengkapan pakaian khusus untuk karyawan produksi dan pengemasan belum standar. Sistem pemasaran masih sederhana, jangkauan pasar masih terbatas. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian oleh tim dosen UMI Makassar yang dibiayai oleh DRPM RISTEK-BRIN pada skema PKM (Program Kemitraan Masyarakat) bertujuan membantu mengembangkan Mitra kelompok usaha pabrik tahu kuring Makassar untuk dapat lebih mandiri secara ekonomi, meningkatkan skill ketrampilan berfikir dan berinovasi. Aktifitas pengabdian yang dilakukan adalah membantu dalam penanganan dua permalahan prioritas utama yaitu: (1) Permasalahan produksi, yaitu yang berhubungan metode berpoduksi berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip higienitas produk, termasuk penataan ruang produksi; (2) Permasalahan manajemen pemasaran. Dari hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini berdampak pada adanya peningkatan keberdayaan mitra, dalam hal ini adanya peningkatan penataan system produksi, peningkatan jangkauan pemasaran, dan pada akhirnya peningkatan omzet dari hasil penjualan produk tahu kuring dari tiga juta rupiah perhari menjadi empat koma lima juta rupiah perhari (meningkat menjadi 50%).

Kata kunci: Tahu kuring, produksi, manajemen pemasaran, kenaikan omzet.