bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond structure and agency: Rethinking political identities in Iraq after 2003
Authors: Dodge Toby 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper examines ethno‐symbolic and instrumental explanations of ethnic and sectarian identities placed within the constructivist turn in the study of political identity, both in the abstract and how they have been deployed to explain the increasing contemporary influence of ethnosectarian mobilisation in Iraq and the wider Middle East. The paper identifies explanatory value in these approaches but finds their focus on either ideational structures or individual rationality too narrow to provide a comprehensive explanation of what happened to political identities in Iraq after 2003. Instead, the paper deploys what can be termed a ‘Bourdieusian method’, in an attempt to get beyond the polarities of structure and agency. It uses Bourdieu's conceptions of political field, principles of vision and division and symbolic violence to understand the influence that de‐Ba'athification, the creation of the Muhasasa Ta'ifia or sectarian apportionment system and national elections had on political identities in Iraq since the 2003 invasion.
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency exacerbates LPS‐induced experimental periodontitis
Authors: Li Yanchun , Lu Zhongyang , Zhang Lixia , Kirkwood Keith L. , Lopes‐Virella Maria F. , Huang Yan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMutation of the gene for acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) causes Niemann–Pick disease. However, the effect of ASMase deficiency on periodontal health is unknown. Periodontal disease is a disease resulting from infection and inflammation of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone that support the teeth. The goal of this study was to determine the role of ASMase deficiency in periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss.MethodsWe induced periodontitis in wild‐type and ASMase‐deficient (ASMase−/−) mice with periodontal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and compared the alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation between these mice.ResultsResults showed that ASMase deficiency did not significantly change metabolic parameters, but exacerbated LPS‐induced alveolar bone loss, osteoclastogenesis, and periodontal tissue inflammation. To understand the mechanisms by which ASMase deficiency aggravates LPS‐induced periodontitis, we analyzed sphingolipids in periodontal tissues. Results showed that ASMase deficiency led to increases in not only sphingomyelin, but also ceramide (CER), a bioactive sphingolipid known to promote inflammation. Results further showed that ASMase deficiency increased CER de novo synthesis.ConclusionASMase deficiency exacerbated LPS‐induced alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation. ASMase deficiency leads to an unexpected CER increase by stimulating de novo synthesis CER, which is likely to be involved in the ASMase deficiency‐exacerbated periodontitis.
A diagnostic dilemma: an unusually large osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle and temporo‐mandibular dysfunction
Authors: Won J. , De Silva H.L. , De Silva R.K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOsteochondroma is a benign bone tumour which is rarely appreciated in the oral and maxillofacial region. This case report illustrates on a 42‐year‐old male with osteochondroma affecting his left mandibular condyle and presenting with temporo‐mandibular dysfunction‐related symptoms. The authors of this paper hope to emphasise the need for vigilance and the value of using modern imaging techniques in the diagnostic work‐up for pain associated with the temporo‐mandibular joint.
The gland localized CGP1 controls gland pigmentation and gossypol accumulation in cotton
Authors: Gao Wei , Xu Fu‐Chun , Long Lu , Li Yang , Zhang Jun‐Li , Chong Leelyn , Botella Jose Ramon , Song Chun‐Peng 
Published: December 2019

SummaryPigment glands, also known as black glands or gossypol glands, are specific for Gossypium spp. These glands strictly confine large amounts of secondary metabolites to the lysigenous cavity, leading to the glands’ intense colour and providing defence against pests and pathogens. This study performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of glanded versus glandless cotton cultivars. Twenty‐two transcription factors showed expression patterns associated with pigment glands and were characterized. Phenotypic screening of the genes, via virus‐induced gene silencing, showed an apparent disappearance of pigmented glands after the silencing of a pair of homologous MYB‐encoding genes in the A and D genomes (designated as CGP1). Further study showed that CGP1a encodes an active transcription factor, which is specifically expressed in the gland structure, while CGP1d encodes a non‐functional protein due to a fragment deletion, which causes premature termination. RNAi‐mediated silencing and CRISPR knockout of CGP1 in glanded cotton cultivars generated a glandless‐like phenotype, similar to the dominant glandless mutant Gl2e. Microscopic analysis showed that CGP1 knockout did not affect gland structure or density, but affected gland pigmentation. The levels of gossypol and related terpenoids were significantly decreased in cgp1 mutants, and a number of gossypol biosynthetic genes were strongly down‐regulated. CGP1 is located in the nucleus where it interacts with GoPGF, a critical transcription factor for gland development and gossypol synthesis. Our data suggest that CGP1 and GoPGF form heterodimers to control the synthesis of gossypol and other secondary metabolites in cotton.
IMP dehydrogenase rod/ring structures in acral melanomas
Authors: Keppeke Gerson D. , Barcelos Denise , Fernandes Mariana , Comodo Andréia N. , Guimarães Daiane P. , Cardili Leonardo , Carapeto Fernando C. L. , Andrade Luis E. C. , Landman Gilles 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare subtype of melanoma with aggressive behavior. IMPDH enzyme, involved in de novo GTP biosynthesis, has been reported to assemble into large filamentary structures called rods/rings (RR) or cytoophidium (cellular snakes). RR assembly induces a hyperactive state in IMPDH, usually to supply a high demand for GTP nucleotides, such as in highly proliferative cells. We investigate whether aggressive melanoma tumor cells present IMPDH‐based RR structures. Forty‐five ALM paraffin‐embedded tissue samples and 59 melanocytic nevi were probed with anti‐IMPDH2 antibody. Both the rod‐ and ring‐shaped RR could be observed, with higher frequency in ALM. ROC curve analyzing the proportions of RR‐positive cells in ALM versus nevi yielded a 0.88 AUC. Using the cutoff of 5.5% RR‐positive cells, there was a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 85% for ALM diagnosis. In ALM, 36 (80%) showed RR frequency above the cutoff, being classified as RR‐positive, compared with only 9 (15%) of the nevi (p < .001). Histopathology showed that 71% of the RR‐positive specimens presented Breslow thickness > 4.0mm, compared with only 29% in the RR‐low/negative (p = .039). We propose that screening for RR structures in biopsy specimens may be a valuable tool helping differentiate ALM from nevi and accessing tumor malignancy.
Post‐intubation subglottic stenosis in children: Analysis of clinical features and risk factors
Authors: Cakir Erkan , Atabek Ayse Ayzit , Calim Omer Faruk , Uzuner Selcuk , AlShadfan Lina , Yazan Hakan , Ozturan Orhan , Cakir Fatma Betul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubglottic stenosis (SGS) is a complication that develops after intubation and is characterized by respiratory distress. The aim was to evaluate patients with post‐intubation SGS and to discover the factors contributing to its development.MethodsA total of 112 patients who had a history of intubation were included. The case group consisted of 50 patients with post‐extubation persistent respiratory symptoms for which flexible bronchoscopy (FOB) was conducted and showed SGS. The control group consisted of 62 patient with no post‐extubation persistent respiratory symptoms, for whom FOB was not done (n = 54), and who had post‐extubation persistent respiratory symptoms and underwent FOB, which did not show subglottic stenosis (n = 8).ResultsNo significant differences were detected related to age, gender, and gestational age. The median number of recurrent intubations was 2.5 and 3 in the case group and in control group, respectively (P = 0.14). The median duration of intubation was 20.5 days in the case group, and 6 days in the control group (P < 0.001). The Myer–Cotton classification indicated a degree of obstruction of grade 1 (mild) in 30% (n = 15), grade 2 in 16% (n = 8), grade 3 in 48% (n = 24), and grade 4 in 6% (n = 3) of the case group.ConclusionThe duration of intubation was found to be a significant risk factor for SGS development. Age at intubation, gender, gestational age, indication of intubation, and the number of recurrent intubations were found to have no significant association. Patients with post‐extubation persistent respiratory problems, especially those with prolonged intubations, should be evaluated for SGS.
The Simulated Ocular and Whole‐Body Distribution of Natural Sunlight to Kiteboarders: A High‐Risk Case of UVR Exposure for Athletes Utilizing Water Surfaces in Sport
Authors: Downs Nathan J. , Parisi Alfio V. , Schouten Peter W. , Igoe Damien P. , De Castro‐Maqueda Guillermo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKiteboarding is an aquatic sporting discipline that has not yet been considered in the literature to date in terms of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) measurement. Kiteboarders need to look upward and are placed obliquely relative to the horizon when towed behind an overhead kite over a reflective water surface. This research defines the typical body surface orientation of a kiteboarder in motion through video vector analysis and demonstrates the potential risk to ocular and skin surface damage through practical measurement of solar UVR using a manikin model. Video analysis of 51 kiteboarders was made to construct skeletal wireframes showing the surface orientation of the leg, thigh, spine, humerus, lower arm and head of a typical kiteboarder. Solar UVR dosimeter measurements made using a manikin model demonstrate that the vertex and anterior surfaces of the knee, lower leg and lower humerus received 89%, 90%, 80% and 63% of the available ambient UVR, respectively, for a typical kiteboarder who is tilted back more than 15° from vertical while in motion. Ocular (periorbital) exposures ranged from 56% to 68% of ambient. These new findings show that the anterior skin surfaces of kiteboarders and the eye are at elevated risk of solar UVR damage.
Titanium‐in‐biotite thermometry in porphyry copper systems: Challenges to application of the thermometer
Authors: Rezaei Mohsen , Zarasvandi Alireza 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmpirical geothermometer dealing with Ti solubility in the Fe‐Mg biotites was originally proposed for biotites in graphitic, peraluminous metapelites containing ilmenite or rutile that equilibrated roughly at 4–6 kbar. Given that biotites are abundant in the porphyry copper systems, this geothermometer has frequently been used for the determination of magmatic–hydrothermal temperatures in the porphyry copper systems. Common associations of porphyry copper deposits (PCDs), that is, low Al content of biotite, biotite chloritization (causes the biotite to become more magnesian and to lose Ti), and biotite formation by amphibole replacement, as well as disequilibrium, local equilibrium, or re‐equilibration of biotites, especially through potassic alteration, may provide significant uncertainty in the temperatures estimated a by Ti‐in‐biotite geothermometer. In addition, besides the calibration range of thermometer for pressure (400–600 MPa), the temperatures of major sulfide precipitation in PCDs (>~400°C) does not fit with the temperature range of thermometer calibration (480–800°C). Worth noting, as confirmed by fluid inclusion data in the Sarkuh PCD, regardless of presence of mineralogical requirements, obtained temperatures of sulfide mineralization using Ti in biotite thermometer could be overestimated. This may be due to the difference between general conditions of sulfide mineralization and calibration range of Ti in the biotite thermometer for pressure and temperature, as well as the metaluminous nature of biotites in PCDs.
Bidirectionality in kindergarten children's school readiness and emotional regulation
Authors: Fung Wing Kai , Chung Kevin Kien Hoa , Lam Ian Chun Bun , Li Nicky Xiaomin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examined the longitudinal associations of emotional regulation and school readiness among Chinese kindergarten children. Data were collected from 523 children (mean age at time 1 = 52.42 months; 52.9% male) at two time points separated by approximately 1 year in Hong Kong, China. At times 1 and 2, children's school readiness was assessed by their teachers and parents while their emotional regulation was directly tested. Teachers also rated children's emotional regulation at both time points. The results from the two reciprocal path models showed that, controlling for the corresponding autoregressive effects, school readiness at time 1 was predictive of emotional regulation at time 2. However, emotional regulation at time 1 did not emerge as a significant predictor of school readiness at time 2. Theoretically, these results underscored children's school readiness as a potential contributor to their emotional regulation. Practically, these findings suggested the utility of supporting children's school readiness to foster their emotional regulation.
A multiwell applicator for conformal brachytherapy of superficial skin tumors: A simulation study
Authors: Pashazadeh Ali , Robatjazi Mostafa , Castro Nathan J. , Friebe Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundBrachytherapy of thin skin tumors using beta particles can protect underlying sensitive structures such as the bone because of the rapid dose falloff of this type of radiation in tissue. The current work describes a skin brachytherapy applicator, based on beta radiation, that can provide the needed cell‐killing radiation dose matched to the shape of individual skin tumors.Materials and methodsThe applicator and its template were fabricated using 3D printing technology. Any clinically approved beta‐emitting isotope in the form of a radioactive gel could theoretically be used in this applicator. Monte Carlo simulations were employed to study the capability of the applicator in conforming dose distribution based on the shape of the tumor. Dose profile in the shallow depth, transverse dose profiles at different depths, and the percent depth dose from this applicator were calculated. The radioisotope of choice for our calculations was Yttrium‐90 (Y‐90).ResultsUsing the proposed applicator, it is possible to create a desired dose profile matching the tumor surface shape.ConclusionThe short‐range of the beta radiation, together with the dose conforming capability of the applicator, may lead to minimal interactions with the healthy tissue around the skin lesion.
SWI3B and HDA6 interact and are required for transposon silencing in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Jie , Yuan Lianyu , Yen Ming‐Ren , Zheng Feng , Ji Rujun , Peng Tao , Gu Dachuan , Yang Songguang , Cui Yuhai , Chen Pao‐Yang , Wu Keqiang , Liu Xuncheng 
Published: December 2019

SummaryAlthough the interplay of covalent histone acetylation/deacetylation and ATP‐dependent chromatin remodelling is crucial for the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression in eukaryotes, the underlying molecular mechanism in plants remains largely unclear. Here we show a direct interaction between Arabidopsis SWI3B, an essential subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin‐remodelling complex, and the RPD3/HDA1‐type histone deacetylase HDA6 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, SWI3B and HDA6 co‐repress the transcription of a subset of transposons. Both SWI3B and HDA6 maintain transposon silencing by decreasing histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation, but increasing histone H3 lysine 9 di‐methylation, DNA methylation and nucleosome occupancy. Our findings reveal that SWI3B and HDA6 may act in the same co‐repressor complex to maintain transposon silencing in Arabidopsis.
ASYMMETRIC FLOW VELOCITY MEASUREMENT USING MULTIPATH ULTRASONIC FLOWMETER WITH ADAPTIVE WEIGHTING METHOD GUIDED BY TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Amri Khairul , Suprijanto Suprijanto , Kurniadi Deddy , Juliastuti Endang 
Published: December 2019

A conventional transit time ultrasonic flowmeter (USM) has a high accuracy for symmetric flow profiles but inaccurate for asymmetric flow profiles. Flow profile shapes can also change over time and difficult to predict. USM with tomographic configuration (USM-Tomo) can adapt to the flow profile changes but result in low temporal resolution. Meanwhile, USM with an adaptive weighting method can measure asymmetric flow velocity but limited to specific asymmetric flow profiles. An alternative scheme to determine adaptive weighting in various asymmetric flow profiles, we proposed a hybrid USM-Tomo. This scheme proposes programmable acoustic path configuration that could set the path mode between USM and tomography. Reducing computation of time of flight in each acoustic can be done by applying the dual-transducers technique. An adaptive weighting of hybrid USM-Tomo is calculated based on the mapping function between the set of velocity on 6 parallel paths of USM and average flow velocity from USM-Tomo. The mapping function is determined using machine learning, i.e., Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Regression (SVR). In the measurement phase, the average flow velocity is determined using the mapping function with input 6 parallel acoustic paths. Based on various types of asymmetric flow profiles used in the experiment, the 6 parallel acoustic paths of USM could produce average flow velocity with error below 1% compared to USM-Tomo. Therefore, the proposed hybrid USM-Tomo scheme has potential to be an alternative scheme for flow meter in industrial application.
Norms and Practice of Public Sphere Deliberations in the Philippines: A Case Study of Naga City’s Public Market Reform
Authors: Ledesma-Gumasing Rhea 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes how the local public market enterprise in the Philippines was reformed through public deliberations and benchmarked with Habermas’ model of deliberative democracy. The findings reveal that the normative model and the public market reform experience of Naga City fit well – although the model should be complemented by empirical observations such as leadership and facilitators to support the periphery and iterative procedures for a functioning deliberative democracy. In addition, the study shows that considerations of the public sphere deliberations and procedural minima led to sustainable results and civic renewal, consistent with the long-term governance approach of Naga City. Case study research design and discourse analyses were adopted. Review of transcripts, face-to-face interviews with key stakeholders, and use of secondary data were utilized in reconstructing the reform process.
Difficulties in Making the Ethically Correct Choice in the Management of a Case of Proven Dangerousness of a Shelter Dog
Authors: Benedetti R. , Malfatti A. , Marchegiani A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The management of shelter dogs whose dangerousness to people has been verified is an aspect of considerable importance as it assesses animal welfare, public health, and the management of human and economic resources. In this paper, we briefly discuss the case of a large sized male dog that had bitten people several times and was declared to be at high risk of causing danger. Despite a behavioral rehabilitation program, the initial evidence of dangerousness remained unchanged, thus, there was no possibility of putting the dog up for adoption. This clinical case is an example of how conflicting it is for a behaviorist to choose ethically when considering euthanasia and animal welfare.
Global Impacts upon Ngoma
Authors: Sanga Daines Nicodem 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ngoma is a Kiswahili term which means traditional dance. In this essay the terms ‘ngoma’ and ‘dance’ are used interchangeably. The research was conducted in Dar es Salaam and Iringa among four ngoma groups of young people: Lumumba, Hayahaya, Alamano and Tanangozi. Theatre stakeholders were involved to seek their perceptions of the global impact on ngoma. In-depth interviews, participant-performer research, and group discussions were the methods employed, focussing on the content, costumes, musical instruments and the make-up used, to explore how and why cultures from around the world influence the way this traditional dance form is performed by young people. It emerged that a range of factors drive innovation in this dance form, including the dancers’ quest for recognition, their individual creativity, the performers’ desire to discover and display unique identities. The findings suggest that in this age of globalisation, international influences upon aesthetic sense and expression are inevitable. But in the case of Tanzania’s ngoma, which has been preserved conscientiously for decades, protective responses to such influences should be maintained vigilantly, in order to shield this valued intangible heritage from fading away.
A retrospective cohort study of low-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for unresectable liver metastases
Authors: Pei Su , Chen Kaihua , Yang Yunli , Chen Long , Zhu Xiaodong 
Published: December 2019

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for the treatment of unresectable liver metastases. Methods Twenty-five patients with unresectable liver metastases treated with IMRT were enrolled from January 2003 to September 2016. The median longest diameter of the lesions was 3.3 cm (range, 1.6–16.7 cm). The fraction dose ranged from 2 to 5.2 Gy, with a median total dose of 50 Gy (range, 30–60 Gy). Results The median follow-up was 9.2 months (range, 2.1–48.8 months). The overall survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 46.4% and 27.4%, respectively. The 1-year local control rate was 69.8%. The 1-year progression-free survival rate was 26.3%. One patient had grade 4 liver dysfunction. One case of grade 4 leukopenia and one case of grade 3 leukopenia occurred, and one case of grade 3 leukopenia and thrombocytopenia was observed. Conclusion IMRT may be a promising and safe treatment for unresectable liver metastases and can be used as a treatment option.