bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic effects of raffia sap with probiotics against pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: Mbarga Manga Joseph Arsene , Desobgo Steve Carly Zangue , Tatsadjieu Léopold Ngoune , Kavhiza Nyasha , Kalisa Louis 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Probiotics are known for their beneficial properties. Numerous studies have been conducted to find advantages that probiotics can provide. This study aimed to evaluate the functional properties of raffia sap, a Cameroonian drink, fermented with probiotics by investigating its antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria.
Study objects and methods. The study objective was raffia sap fermented by Lactobacillus fermentum and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Box-Behnken design with four factors (seeding rates of L. fermentum and B. bifidum, temperature, and incubation time) was used to generate mathematical models. The disc diffusion method was used to evaluate an antagonistic effect of the probiotics against four pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., and Bacillus cereus). An optimization of mathematical models of the inhibition diameters allowed to determine the optimal conditions of antagonistic effect.
Results and discussion. The experimental data showed that zones of inhibition were 0‒21 mm for Salmonella sp., 0‒23 mm for E. coli, 0‒20 mm for L. monocytogenes, and 0‒22 mm for B. cereus. ANOVA results and the mathematical models obtained showed that L. fermentum was effective against B. cereus and B. bifidum against Salmonella sp., E. coli, and B. cereus. The optimization of the models revealed maximum zones of inhibition at the seeding rates of L. fermentum and B. bifidum of 2 and 10%, respectively, incubation time of 48 h, and temperature of 37°C.
Conclusion. Raffia sap fermented by L. fermentum and B. bifidum demonstrated antagonistic effect against pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., and B. cereus.
Modelling formation and removal of biofilms in secondary dairy raw materials
Authors: Ryabtseva Svetlana , Tabakova Yulia , Khramtsov Andrey , Anisimov Georgy , Kravtsov Vitalii 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Microorganisms of dairy raw materials tend to adhere to the surfaces of processing equipment and form sustainable biofilms, which is a serious issue in the dairy industry. The goal of the present work was to investigate formation of biofilms on a glass surface in static model conditions, and removal of such biofilms by cleaning.
Study objects and methods. The study objects were the permeates of skim milk, sweet whey and acid whey, as well as the biofilms formed and washings from glass slides. Biofilms were removed from the glass with detergents used in the dairy industry. Standard methods of determining microbiological and physicochemical properties were used to characterize the permeates. The biofilm structure and morphology of microorganisms participating in biofilm formation were investigated with a light spectroscopy. The efficiency of biofilm removal in a cleaning process was quantified with optical density of washings.
Results and discussion. Biofilms in whey permeates formed slower compared to those in skimmed milk permeate during the first 24 h. Yeasts contributed significantly to the biofilm microflora in acid whey permeate throughout 5 days of biofilm growth. Well adhered biofilm layers were the most stable in skimmed milk permeate. The highest growth of both well and poorly adhered biofilm layers was observed in sweet whey permeate after 3–5 days. It was established that the primary attachment of microorganisms to a glass surface occurred within 8 h, mature multicultural biofilms formed within 48 h, and their partial destruction occurred within 72 h.
Conclusion. The research results can be used to improve the cleaning equipment procedures in processing secondary dairy raw materials.
Rainfall runoff features of permeable sidewalk pavement
Authors: Qiu Liyuan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Sheng , Zhao Jingwei , Wang Tengfei , Wang Qiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn urban areas, the buildings and pavements make it hard for rainwater to infiltrate into the ground. The hardened underlaying sub-crust has increased the total rainfall runoff, pushing up the peak flood flow. Drawing on the construction concept of sponge city, this paper probes deep into the materials in each layer of permeable pavement for sidewalks. Specifically, a runoff model was constructed for sidewalk pavements under rainfall conditions through numerical simulation and model testing. Using the precipitation pattern of Qingdao, China, several combinations of materials were subject to rainfall simulations, revealing how each permeable pavement controls and affects the surface runoff. The results show that the permeability of surface course and sub-crust directly bear on the starting time, peak flow, total runoff and runoff time of sub-catchment runoff; and the latter has a greater impact than the former on sub-catchment runoff.
Effect of projected climate change on potential evapotranspiration in the semiarid region of central India
Authors: Duhan Darshana , Singh Dharmendra , Arya Sandeep 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe performance of potential evapotranspiration (PET) methods such as pan evaporation (physical measurement), empirical formulas (Penman–Monteith (PM), Hargreaves and Thornthwaite) and satellite-derived PET (MOD16) were assessed in a semiarid region of central India. The satellite-based PET was obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The comparisons between different methods were made with observed pan evaporation (ETpan) data to identify the best method for the semiarid region. Further, the future projection of PET was carried out using RCP4.5 emission scenarios of seven CMIP5 models. Two approaches were applied for the projection of PET. In the first approach, RCP4.5 scenario data are directly used in the PM method, and in the second approach, these variables are used as a predictor in the calibrated and validated least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) model. The projection of PET was made using the best-identified model among PM and LS-SVM from the years 2006–2100. The results show that MOD16 and Hargreaves overestimate the PET; however, PM and Thornwaite underestimate the PET. PM based PET is closely related with ETpan and is a good indicator of ETpan in a semiarid region. GFDL-ESM2M is identified as the most skillful CMIP5 model, and results show that PET is projected to increase in future using the LS-SVM model.HIGHLIGHTS The PET estimation methods, namely empirical and satellite-based PET, were evaluated and compared with ground-based observed ET. Satellite-based PET is closely matching with ground-based PET in wet season. Satellite-based PET can be used after applying a suitable correction factor in the study area. The PM method was found suitable for the semiarid region. PET is projected to increase in future using CMIP5 models.
Pilot-scale experiments on a hybrid membrane-electrocoagulation system to produced water treatment in a domestic oil reservoir
Authors: Dehghani Yousef , Honarvar Bizhan , Azdarpour Amin , Nabipour Moein 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to design and set up a new hybrid treatment system for purification of Iranian offshore oil company wastewater. The treatment system consists of electrocoagulation, microfiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) sections. Treatment performance is evaluated by measuring electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), total dispersed solids (TDS) oil and grease (O&G), total hardness (TH) and turbidity. Results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of BOD5, COD, TSS, O&G, EC, TH and turbidity were obtained as 94.49%, 92.17%, 88.18%, 80.8%, 89.84%, 86.66% and 71.72%, respectively. DO was increased significantly due to the reduction of BOD, COD and microorganisms. Results showed that the combination of iron and aluminium electrodes can be very effective in removing pollutants. In addition, the use of microfiltration before RO led to a significant reduction in salinity and TDS. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal experimental conditions for COD, BOD5 and turbidity using Design Expert11. RSM results showed that the optimal electric current and time for BOD5 and COD removal is 20A and 300 min, respectively. The optimal electric current and time for turbidity were obtained as 20A and 210 min.
Evaluation of pathogen risks using QMRA to explore wastewater reuse options: A case study from New Delhi in India
Authors: Hajare Rajashree , Labhasetwar Pawan , Nagarnaik Pranav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Selecting appropriate reuse for treated wastewater is a challenge. The current investigation outlines the utilization of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to assist Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) management to determine the best-possible reuse of treated wastewater from 11 ETPs in Delhi. Four representative pathogens: pathogenic Escherichia coli spp., Salmonella spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were selected to characterize microbial water quality. Reuse options selected based on the survey and interaction with ETP managers include crop irrigation, garden irrigation, toilet flush and industrial applications. The probability of infection was characterized for two exposure groups: workers and children. Water quality monitoring indicates the occurrence of pathogenic E. coli spp. (100%), Salmonella spp. (63%), Cryptosporidium spp. (81%) and Giardia spp. (45%) in the treated wastewater. QMRA reveals the annual median-probability of infection above acceptable limits for pathogenic E. coli spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Salmonella spp. The probabilities of Giardia-associated infections were low. Adults showed a 1.24 times higher probability of infection compared to children. Sensitivity analysis indicated pathogen concentration as the most critical factor. The study highlights that the existing plans for chlorination-based treatment technology may prove insufficient in reducing the risk for selected reuse options; but, alternate on-site control measures and up-grading water reuse protocol may be effective.
Protective Effects of Low Dose Vorinostat on Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Bashraf Omnyah M.O. , Ali Ahmed S. , Eweis Hala S.A. , Ali Soad S. 
Published: December 2020

Background and Aim:
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum [II]; CDDP) is the
most widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy. The nephrotoxicity of CDDP is one of its major
side effects. Vorinostat (VST) has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
in bothin-vitro and in vivo models. The present study aimed to explore the potential protective effects
of VST against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Materials and Methods:
The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; control group, CDDP
group (received CDDP 7.5 mg/kg IP single dose 5 days before the end of the experiment), VST
group, (received VST 15 mg/kg/day by gastric gavage for 28 days), and CDDP + VST group (received
CDDP + VST as above). Blood and kidney samples were collected on the 28th day for biochemical
and histopathological examinations.

Results :
Administration of CDDP single dose (7.5 mg/kg IP) 5 days before the end of the experiment
(at day 23) produced a significant decrease in renal glutathione levels and a significant increase
in serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, renal malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, tumor
suppressor protein (p53) and nuclear factor kappa B levels compared to the control group. Pretreatment
with VST for 28 days significantly attenuated all unfavorable changes of these parameters.
Histopathological analysis showed that VST significantly decreased kidney inflammatory and
degenerative changes induced by CDDP. VST also significantly increased Bcl-2 and decreased Caspas-
3 immunoexpression in renal tissues.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that VST alleviates CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
showing a novel therapeutic potential for the management of nephrotoxicity induced by CDDP.
Over-Expression of MicroRNA-122 Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Malayaperumal Sarubala , Sriramulu Sushmitha , Banerjee Antara , Pathak Surajit 
Published: December 2020

Background:
MicroRNA, a non-coding RNA molecule plays a vital role in post transcriptional
gene expression. MicroRNA-122, a liver specific microRNA was found to be downregulated
in liver cancer and is associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. Being confirmed as tumor suppressor
microRNA in liver carcinogenesis, we aimed to study the expression of microRNA-122 in
colon cancer cell lines and the role of microRNA-122 in cell proliferation, invasion and migration
of colon cancer cells.

Methods:
The expression of microRNA-122 is quantified using qRT-PCR by TaqMan universal
primers. Colon cancer cell lines (SW480, SW620, HCT116) were transfected with microRNA-122
mimic and further studied for determining cell proliferation using CCK-8 kit, migration using
Scratch assay, invasion using Transwell assay, apoptosis using Annexin-V FITC kit, and also gene
expression.

Results:
Gene expression results displayed decreased expression of microRNA-122 in colon cancer
cell lines. Transfection with microRNA-122 mimics impaired the cell proliferation and migration
compared with control. FACS analysis confirmed that the percentage of microRNA-122 mimic
transfected cells undergoing early apoptosis was increased. Gene expression of AEG-1, PI3K,
CDK6, and PCNA were found to be downregulated in microRNA-122 overexpressed cells. Migratory
and invasion potential of transfected cells was lessened in mimic transfected cells compared to
control.

Conclusion:
The overexpression of microRNA-122 inhibited the cellular proliferation, migration,
invasion and increased percentage of cells undergoing early apoptosis, suggesting its anti-cancer
potential. Studying the role of microRNA-122 and its interactions with oncogenes might pave the
way to understand the underlying mechanism in colon cancer.
Cost–effectiveness of an insertable cardiac monitor to detect atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Sawyer Laura M , Witte Klaus K , Reynolds Matthew R , Mittal Suneet , Grimsey Jones Frank W , Rosemas Sarah C , Ziegler Paul D , Kaplon Rachelle E , Yaghi Shadi 
Published: December 2020

Background:
We assessed cost–effectiveness of insertable cardiac monitors (ICMs) in a US cryptogenic stroke population.
Materials & methods:
We modelled lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years for three monitoring strategies post cryptogenic stroke: ICM starting immediately, ICM starting after Holter monitoring (delayed ICM) and standard of care involving intermittent ECG and Holter monitoring. Patient characteristics and detection efficacy were based on the CRYSTAL-AF trial. AF detection altered the modelled anticoagulation therapy and subsequent stroke and bleed risks.
Results & conclusion:
Immediate ICM was found to be cost-effective versus standard of care and cost-saving versus delayed ICM. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses. ICMs are a cost-effective diagnostic tool for the prevention of recurrent stroke in a US cryptogenic stroke population.
Interaction Between GAD65 Antibodies and Dietary Fish Intake or Plasma Phospholipid n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Incident Adult-Onset Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Study
Authors: Löfvenborg Josefin E. , Carlsson Sofia , Andersson Tomas , Hampe Christiane S. , Koulman Albert , Chirlaque Lopez María Dolores , Jakszyn Paula , Katzke Verena A. , Kühn Tilman , Kyrø Cecilie , Masala Giovanna , Nilsson Peter M. , Overvad Kim , Panico Salvatore , Sánchez Maria-Jose , van der Schouw Yvonne , Schulze Matthias B. , Tjønneland Anne , Weiderpass Elisabete , Riboli Elio , Forouhi Nita G. , Sharp Stephen J. , Rolandsson Olov , Wareham Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE
Islet autoimmunity is associated with diabetes incidence. We investigated whether there was an interaction between dietary fish intake or plasma phospholipid n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration with the 65-kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65) antibody positivity on the risk of developing adult-onset diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used prospective data on 11,247 incident cases of adult-onset diabetes and 14,288 noncases from the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study conducted in eight European countries. Baseline plasma samples were analyzed for GAD65 antibodies and phospholipid n-3 PUFAs. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes in relation to GAD65 antibody status and tertiles of plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFA or fish intake were estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. Additive (proportion attributable to interaction [AP]) and multiplicative interactions between GAD65 antibody positivity (≥65 units/mL) and low fish/n-3 PUFA were assessed.

RESULTS
The hazard of diabetes in antibody-positive individuals with low intake of total and fatty fish, respectively, was significantly elevated (HR 2.52 [95% CI 1.76–3.63] and 2.48 [1.79–3.45]) compared with people who were GAD65 antibody negative and had high fish intake, with evidence of additive (AP 0.44 [95% CI 0.16–0.72] and 0.48 [0.24–0.72]) and multiplicative (P = 0.0465 and 0.0103) interactions. Individuals with high GAD65 antibody levels (≥167.5 units/mL) and low total plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFAs had a more than fourfold higher hazard of diabetes (HR 4.26 [2.70–6.72]) and an AP of 0.46 (0.12–0.80) compared with antibody-negative individuals with high n-3 PUFAs.

CONCLUSIONS
High fish intake or relative plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFA concentrations may partially counteract the increased diabetes risk conferred by GAD65 antibody positivity.
Bibliografía de filología hispánica
Authors: De Filología Hispánica Nueva Revista 
Published: December 2020

Las reseñas se consignan a continuación del libro (o artículo reseñado). Cuando éste se ha descrito en una entrega anterior de la Bibliografía, se pone entre paréntesis el número de ficha correspondiente. También se hacen referencias a ediciones anteriores de una obra, a tomos anteriores de una obra en curso de publicación, etc. En estos casos, la cifra que precede al número de referencia indica el volumen de la NRFH en que figura la ficha en cuestión. Así, el "núm. 39-39695" corresponde a la ficha 39695, la cual está en el volumen 39 de la NRFH. Cuando no hay cifra inicial, ha de entenderse que el número remite a una ficha incluida en el presente fascículo.
Improving Ex Vitro Rooting and Acclimatization Techniques for Micropropagated American Chestnut1
Authors: Oakes Allison D. , Pilkey Hannah C. , Powell William A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Limited rooting and acclimatization success when micropropagating certain hardwood tree species may hinder conservation efforts of certain threatened and endangered species. Restoration efforts for such trees, such as the American chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.], require a massive number of plantlets to be produced by micropropagation for testing, initial distribution, and orchard establishment. Therefore, increasing the number and quality of lab-produced plantlets is a key research focus. After previously determining that an ex vitro rooting system produced significantly more robust plantlets, we examined extending the time in elongation medium, rooting substrates, exogenous auxin applications, root-promoting substrate soaks, submerging the cut site, and light intensity. The most effective methods included seven weeks in elongation medium, using Jiffy peat pellets soaked in water as the rooting substrate, cutting off callus while submerged, then dipping in 0.31% IBA rooting gel, and placing plantlets in low light of 60 μmol·m-2·s-1 after rooting. By increasing the number of roots and improving acclimatization success, we can ensure that many more blight-tolerant American chestnuts will be available for field studies and eventual public distribution. Demonstrating the ecological safety and blight survival of these trees will help restore this foundational tree species and assist future restoration efforts for other threatened species.
Index words: Rooting, ex vitro, American chestnut, Castanea dentata, IBA, substrate.
Species used in this study: American chestnut, [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.].
Chemicals used in this study: IBA (indole-3-butyric acid).
Treatment of Severely-Deteriorated Post-Fire Runoff: A Comparison of Conventional and High-Rate Clarification to Demonstrate Key Drinking Water Treatment Capabilities and Challenges
Authors: Skwaruk Jesse , Emelko Monica , Silins Uldis , Stone Micheal 
Published: December 2020

The ability to treat worst-case scenario, “black water” resulting from wildfire ash transport directly from hillslopes to source waters was investigated—this has not been reported previously. The treatment response capabilities of conventional chemical pre-treatment and high rate clarification processes were evaluated at bench scale; these included: sand-ballasted flocculation (SBF), SBF with enhanced coagulation, and SBF with powdered activated carbon (PAC).Fresh ash was collected from the Thuya Lake Road (TLR) wildfire (+51.4098 latitude, -120.2435 longitude; burn area 556 ha), which was part of the Little Fort Fire Complex that burned in July 2017, near Little Fort, British Columbia, Canada. The ash was used to prepare a severely-deteriorated source water matrix. It was added to high quality river water (Elbow River, Calgary, Alberta) to reflect post-fire water quality conditions when ash is mobilized off the landscape to receiving waters during a major runoff event.Prior to mixing, ash was sieved through a 1 mm screen to remove any large debris and conifer needles that typically would not be found in water treatment plant influent streams. Three concentrations of ash in river water were prepared (2.0, 10.0, and 20.0 g×L-1 of ash; five replicates of each) by adding ash to 1000 mL of Elbow River water in 2-L plastic square beakers, and mixed using a jar test apparatus (Phipps & Bird, PB-900 Series Programmable 6-Paddle Jar Tester, Richmond, VA) at 120 RPM for 2 minutes. Turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations consistent with or slightly higher than the levels that have been reported following severe wildfire (i.e., >1000 NTU and >15mg×L-1, respectively) were targeted. These water matrices were black-colored, in a manner consistent with previous reports of severely-deteriorated water conditions after wildfire. Standard methods were used to evaluate turbidity (Method 2130B; Hach 2100 N turbidimeter, Loveland, CO), pH (4500-H+B Electrometric method; Orion 720A pH meter, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), DOC concentration (filtration through pre-rinsed 0.45 µm Nylaflo membranes, Pall, Port Washington, NY; Method 5310C; Shimadzu TOC-V WP analyzer, Kyoto, Japan), and UVA254 (Method 5910B; 1 cm quartz cell; Hach DR 5000 Spectrophotometer, Loveland, CO). Specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA) was calculated by dividing UVA254 absorbance by the DOC concentration.
Recordkeeping and the Management of Prisons in Guyana
Authors: Warren Kristy , Kerrigan Dylan 
Published: December 2020

Learning about prison management in Guyana since independence in 1966 is fraught with difficulty due to the paucity of surviving records. This paper investigates attitudes towards and practices of recordkeeping in order to start developing a historical sociology of recordkeeping in Guyana. Within this framework, prison recordkeeping is explored for the colonial and post-independence periods. The paper ends with a consideration of other sources and methods that are needed to provide a fuller picture of both prison management and the experiences had in prison by prisoners and prison officers.