bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GFEM analysis of MHD nanofluid flow toward a power‐law stretching sheet in the presence of thermodiffusive effect along with regression investigation
Authors: Goyal Rangoli , Vinita  , Sharma Naresh , Bhargava Rama 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the current study, we use Galerkin finite‐element simulation to analyze the concept of triple diffusive flow with magnetic field effect toward a power law stretching sheet. The fluid comprises dissolved solutal particles and nanoparticles in the base fluid. The three important mechanisms that are responsible for rise in phenomenon of convective transportation are diffusophoresis, thermophoresis along with Brownian motion have been considered. Recently, the proposed nanoparticles' mass flux and heat flux boundary conditions have been imposed. Nanoparticle mass transportation, solutal mass transportation with heat transportation for prominent physical parameters, such as stretching parameter, magnetic influence parameter, thermophoresis parameter, and Brownian motion parameter are calculated. To further verify and understand the strength of the relationship between heat transportation rate and controlling parameters, the multiple regression process is used. The finite difference approach was adopted to numerically solve the nonlinear governing equations and the linked boundary conditions. In the present study, we used MATLAB software for finding the final outcomes and relating the concluding results for with extant outcomes in the literature as a limiting case in the absence of the magnetic intensity parameter and an excellent agreement was noted. It was observed that the magnetic field has a positive effect on heat and mass transfer. This study also helps in understanding and thus controlling the velocity of the flow along with solutal depositions, which has a significant engineering application in the process of extrusion. The findings of the present study help to control the rate of heat and mass transfer, aiding manufacturing companies in obtaining the desired quality of product.
Effect of water excess on soil carbon dioxide, seepage water chemistry, and calcite speleothem growth: An experimental and modelling approach
Authors: Lang Marek , Faimon Jiří 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effect of the water excess in soil on soil gaseous carbon dioxide concentrations (cCO2) was studied based on field experiments. The gradual water addition of 15 and 30 L m−2 to leptosols and anthrosols, simulating 15 and 30 mm precipitation, respectively, caused the overall cCO2 increase of 1.53 × 10−1 mol m−3 (increase by 60%) and 1.61 × 10−1 mol m−3 (increase by 112%) in the soil airs. The effect of the cCO2 increment on seepage water, cave dripwater chemistry, and calcite speleothem overgrowths was deduced from geochemical modelling. It showed that the cCO2 increments may lead to the increments in total dissolved carbon, aqueous calcium, and dissolved solids of 1.10 × 10−3 mol L−1 (increase by 35%), 4.45 × 10−4 mol L−1 (increase by 30%), and 1.55 × 10−3 mol L−1 (increase by 34%), respectively. After the total degassing of CO2 in the cave, the increment in the saturation index of dripwater, SI, could reach up to ΔSI = 0.31, which means an increase by hundreds of percent. The water excess of 5 L m−2 following a dry period would cause the increment in saturation index ΔSI = 0.17. The modelling further showed that the cCO2 increase associated with the 30 L m−2 water excess could induce the calcite overgrowth up to 1 μm thick per 1 m2 surface area. The effect of water excess with additional water supplies gradually weakens, probably due to reduced CO2 diffusivity and soil microorganism activity. It can be assumed that the most contrasting peaks in dripwater chemistry are associated with the individual precipitation events after short dry periods. The increased supersaturation of dripwater is expected to lead to faster growth of speleothem and changes in calcite textures.
Achyrocline satureioides compounds, achyrobichalcone and 3‐O‐methylquercetin, induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Bianchi Sara E. , Pegues Melissa A. , Dias Camila K. , Mascia Francesca , Doneda Eduarda , Pittol Vanessa , Rao V. Ashutosh , Klamt Fábio , Bassani Valquiria L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNatural products are a valuable source of new molecules and are important for drug discovery. Many chemotherapeutics currently in clinical use were originated from natural sources and are effective cytotoxic agents. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and pro‐apoptotic effects of achyrobichalcone (ACB) and 3‐O‐methylquercetin (3OMQ), two novel compounds isolated from the Achyrocline satureioides plant. Because extracts from this plant have been shown to have anticancer activity in vitro, we evaluated ACB and 3OMQ using a human breast cancer cell line, MDA‐MB‐231, and a nontumorigenic human breast epithelial cell line, MCF‐12A. We found that ACB demonstrates cytotoxic effects on MDA‐MB‐231 cells, but not MCF‐12A cells. 3OMQ also demonstrated cytotoxic effects on MDA‐MB‐231 cells, but with lower selectivity compared to treated MCF‐12A cells. Cell death by both compounds was associated with caspase‐9 and caspase‐3/7 activation. Using high‐resolution respirometry, we found that ACB and 3OMQ were able to cause acute mitochondrial dysfunction in MDA‐MB‐231‐treated cells. These results suggest that apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells is induced through the activation of the mitochondrial‐dependent pathway. Collectively, these findings suggest that ACB is a strong candidate for further anticancer in vivo tests.
Elecrtospun methacrylic acid‐modified polystyrene nanofiber as solid phase adsorbent for preconcentration of methyl green from aqueous samples
Authors: Nasouri Batool , Shariati Shahab , Hashemifard Negar , Zanjanchi Pegah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis research describes the development of a new design of electrospun nanosorbent, polystyrene/methacrylic acid nanofibers (PS/MAA NFs), for the extraction and preconcentration of Methyl green (MG) from aqueous samples via solid phase extraction (SPE). The experimental parameters affecting the SPE extraction efficiency including sample flow rate through the sorbent, ionic strength and pH of the sample solution, weight of sorbent, volume and type of eluent were investigated, and optimized. Under the optimum conditions (40 ml of 1 mg/L MG, pH: 5, sample flow rate: 2 ml/min, 0.1 g PS/MAA NFs and eluting solvent: 3 ml MeOH), the calibration curve was linear in the MG concentration range of 25–1,000 μg/L. The limit of detection and enhancement factor of the proposed method, for extraction from 40 ml sample solution, were obtained as 10 μg/L and 8.3, respectively. MG dye was extracted from different real samples (urban, mineral and river waters) using the proposed adsorbent and the results showed that PS/MAA NFs were suitable for preconcentration and determination of trace amount of methyl green in wastewater samples.
Feasibility and Reliability of Automatic Quantitative Analyses of Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion by Handheld Ultrasound Devices
Authors: Magelssen Malgorzata Izabela , Palmer Cameron Lowell , Hjorth‐Hansen Anna , Nilsen Hans Olav , Kiss Gabriel , Torp Hans , Mjolstad Ole Christian , Dalen Håvard 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesHandheld ultrasound devices (HUDs) have previously been limited to grayscale imaging without options for left ventricle (LV) quantification. We aimed to study the feasibility and reliability of automatic measurements of mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) by HUDs.MethodsAn algorithm that automatically measured MAPSE from live grayscale recordings was implemented in a HUD. Twenty patients at a university hospital were examined by either a cardiologist or a sonographer. Standard echocardiography using a high‐end scanner was performed. The apical 4‐chamber view was recorded 4 times by both echocardiography and the HUD. MAPSE was measured by M‐mode and color tissue Doppler (cTD) during echocardiography and automatically by the HUD.ResultsThe automatic method underestimated mean MAPSE ± SD versus M‐mode (9.6 ± 2.2 versus 10.9 ± 2.6 mm; difference, 1.2 ± 1.4 mm, P < .005). The difference between the automatic and cTD measurements was not significant (0.8 ± 1.8 mm; P = .073). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between automatic and M‐mode measurements was 0.85, and 0.81 for cTD measurements. There was good agreement between the methods, and the intra‐ and inter‐rater ICCs were excellent for all methods (≥0.86).ConclusionsIn this novel study evaluating automatic quantification of LV longitudinal function by HUD, we showed the high feasibility and reliability of the method. Compared to M‐mode imaging, the automatic method underestimated MAPSE by 8% to 10%, but the difference with cTD imaging was nonsignificant. We conclude that this study's method for automatic quantitative assessment of LV function can be integrated in HUDs.
Effects of Arytenoid Adduction Suture Position on Voice Production and Quality
Authors: Pillutla Pranati , Zhang Zhaoyan , Chhetri Dinesh K. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisArytenoid adduction (AA) is performed to treat unilateral vocal fold paralysis with a large posterior glottal gap. However, the voice effects of AA suture position remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate voice production and quality as a function of AA suture position on the thyroid ala in a neuromuscularly intact in vivo larynx.Study DesignAnimal model.MethodsUnilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve and vagal paralysis were modeled in two canines. AA suture position was varied across five equidistant positions on the anterior inferior thyroid ala, from a paramedian position anteriorly to the oblique line posteriorly. Phonation was performed over 8 × 8 graded level combinations of recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve stimulation per suture position. The primary outcome was percent successful phonatory conditions. Secondary outcomes included fundamental frequency (F0), phonation onset pressure (PTP), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and laryngeal posture.ResultsAnterior suture positions resulted in a greater percentage of successful phonatory conditions compared to posterior sutures. Suture position 2, located at the anterior inferior thyroid ala, resulted in the highest percentage of successful phonatory conditions, lowest PTP, and lower muscle activation levels to achieve higher CPP. Posterior sutures resulted in wider glottal gap and more effective F0 and vocal fold strain increase with cricothyroid muscle contraction, but with fewer successful phonatory conditions and higher PTP. Trends were consistent across both paralysis types.ConclusionsAA suture placed in the anterior inferior thyroid ala resulted in the best acoustic, aerodynamic, and voice quality outcomes. This study provides scientific evidence for maintaining current clinical practice.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:846–852, 2021
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment for Cochlear Implant and Other Mastoid Surgery During the COVID‐19 Era
Authors: Lawrence Rachael J. , O'Donoghue Gerard , Kitterick Pádraig , O'Donoghue Kevin , Hague Richard , Mitchell Laura , Lycett‐Ranson Zoe , Hartley Douglas E.H. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe overall aim of this study was to evaluate personal protective equipment (PPE) that may facilitate the safe recommencement of cochlear implantation in the COVID‐19 era, with the broader goal of minimizing the period of auditory deprivation in prelingually deaf children and reducing the risk of cochlear ossification in individuals following meningitis.MethodsThe study design comprised 1) an objective assessment of mastoid drilling‐induced droplet spread conducted during simulated cochlear implant (CI) surgery and its mitigation via the use of a protective drape tent and 2) an evaluation of three PPE configurations by otologists while performing mastoid drilling on ex vivo temporal bones. The various PPE solutions were assessed in terms of their impact on communication, vital physiological parameters, visual acuity and fields, and acceptability to surgeons using a systematic risk‐based approach.ResultsDroplet spread during simulated CI surgery extended over 2 m, a distance greater than previously reported. A drape tent significantly reduced droplet spread. The ensemble of a half‐face mask and safety spoggles (foam lined safety goggles) had consistently superior performance across all aspects of clinical usability. All other PPE options were found to substantially restrict the visual field, making them unsafe for microsurgery.ConclusionsThe results of this preclinical study indicate that the most viable solution to enable the safe conduct of CI and other mastoid surgery is a combination of a filtering facepiece (FFP3) mask or half‐face respirator with safety spoggles as PPE. Prescription spoggles are an option for surgeons who need to wear corrective glasses to operate. A drape tent reduces droplet spread. A multicenter clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of PPE should be the next step toward safely performing CI surgery during the COVID‐19 era.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2693–2699, 2020
Inter‐community and on‐farm asymmetric organic matter allocation patterns drive soil fertility gradients in a rural Andean landscape
Authors: Caulfield Mark E. , Fonte Steven J. , Tittonell Pablo , Vanek Steven J. , Sherwood Stephen , Oyarzun Pedro , Borja Ross Mary , Dumble Sam , Groot Jeroen C. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoil fertility in agricultural landscapes is driven by complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic processes, with organic matter (OM) inputs playing a critical role. Asymmetric allocation patterns of these resources among communities and within individual farms can lead to soil fertility gradients. However, the drivers and consequences of such patterns in different socioecological contexts remains poorly documented and understood. The objective of this study was to address this gap by assessing asymmetric OM allocation patterns and the associated consequences for soil fertility management in three indigenous communities located in the Central Ecuadorian Andes. We found that both distance from homestead and perception of fertility were associated with asymmetric OM allocation patterns to fields as well as with soil fertility gradients within farms. For example, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), and exchangeable potassium (K) all decreased with distance from the homestead, while SOC, total N, and available P were positively correlated with a farmer's perception of soil fertility. We note that these fertility gradients remained even in the case of increased farm‐level OM inputs. Overall OM allocation patterns differed significantly among communities and were associated with significant differences in soil fertility, with the highest levels of available P and exchangeable K found in the community with the highest OM inputs. The results of this study indicate the importance of asymmetric OM allocation patterns encountered at different scales, both within farms and among neighboring communities, in rural Andean landscapes and their significant interactions with soil fertility gradients.
Effect of substituents on the inhibitive properties of newly synthesized 5‐benzoyl‐4‐methyl‐1,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2H‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one derivatives against mild steel corrosion in an acidic medium
Authors: Al‐Fakih Abdo M. , Al‐Maqtari Helmi M. , Aziz Madzlan , Jamalis Joazaizulfazli , Emran Khadijah M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInhibition performance of three newly synthesized 1,5‐benzodiazepine derivatives with 4‐methoxybenzoyl (methoxyBBD), 3‐methylbenzoyl (methylBBD), and 2‐chlorobenzoyl (chloroBBD) groups was investigated against mild steel corrosion in 1 M hydrochloric acid. The potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and adsorption isotherms were used for characterization of the corrosion processes. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Quantum chemical calculations were carried out to establish the active sites of the inhibitors. The results show that the inhibitors inhibit mild steel corrosion and their inhibition efficiencies (IE) increase with the increase in concentration. The methoxyBBD shows a higher inhibiting effect with IE of 89.13% at 10−3 M, followed by methylBBD. All three inhibitors act as mixed‐type inhibitors with predominant control of cathodic reaction for chloroBBD and their adsorption obeys Langmuir isotherm. The SEM analysis confirms the inhibitors' adsorption on the mild steel surface. The active sites of the inhibitors were effectively established using the density functional theory method on the basis of natural atomic charge, highest occupied molecular orbital, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital frontier molecular orbitals. The experimental and quantum results prove the inhibition performance trend of the inhibitors as follows: methoxyBBD > methylBBD > chloroBBD.
Corrosion of a 316L stainless steel in a gaseous environment polluted with HCl: Mechanism
Authors: Lequien Florence , Moine Gervaise 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe corrosion of a 316L stainless steel (SS) exposed to a humid gas flow polluted with HCl has been studied. The mixture is carried out in a reactor connected to two gas feedthroughs: one with wet air and one with HCl(g). The corrosion mechanism comprehension is based on several steps. The presence of humid air polluted by HCl involves the creation of a precursor film that can evolve to droplet formation. In contact with this acid and chloride concentrated electrolyte, the 316L SS corrodes producing soluble ferrous chloride. This corrosion product can evolve to the oxide formation, depending of the HCl concentration. For high concentrations, 316L SS corrodes uniformly. However, this phenomenon is accompanied by pits when the HCl concentration is not sufficient or the HCl flow is not continuous. The particularity of the corrosion mechanisms is shown as well as the problems using materials in an HCl‐polluted gaseous environment.
Novel loss of function mutation in NOTCH1 in a family with bicuspid aortic valve, ventricular septal defect, thoracic aortic aneurysm, and aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Debiec Radoslaw , Hamby Stephen E. , Jones Peter D. , Coolman Sue , Asiani Manish , Kharodia Shireen , Skinner Gregory J. , Samani Nilesh J. , Webb Tom R. , Bolger Aidan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital valvular heart defect in the general population. BAV is associated with significant morbidity due to valve failure, formation of thoracic aortic aneurysm, and increased risk of infective endocarditis and aortic dissection. Loss of function mutations in NOTCH1 (OMIM 190198) has previously been associated with congenital heart disease involving the aortic valve, left ventricle outflow tract, and mitral valve that segregates in affected pedigrees as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity.MethodsWe performed whole‐exome sequencing in four members of a three‐generational family (three affected and one unaffected subject) with clinical phenotypes including aortic valve stenosis, thoracic aortic aneurysm, and ventricular septal defect.ResultsWe identified 16 potentially damaging genetic variants (one stop variant, one splice variant, and 14 missense variants) cosegregating with the phenotype. Of these variants, the nonsense mutation (p.Tyr291*) in NOTCH1 was the most deleterious variant identified and the most likely variant causing the disease.ConclusionInactivating NOTCH1 mutations are a rare cause of familial heart disease involving predominantly left ventricular outflow tract lesions and characterized by the heterogeneity of clinical phenotype.
A two‐mechanism soil–structure interface model for three‐dimensional cyclic loading
Authors: Liu Jingmao , Zou Degao , Kong Xianjing 
Published: July 2020

SummaryA three‐dimensional (3D) soil–structure interface model is proposed within the two‐mechanism constitutive theory and bounding surface theory originally established for soils. The proposed model has two main characteristics: first, the model is formulated based on two different and superposed deformation mechanisms. The first mechanism is due to the stress ratio increment, and the second is due to the normal stress increment. Each mechanism induces a shear strain component and a normal strain component. The proposed model can be reduced to the conventional single‐mechanism interface model. Second, the plastic modulus and stress dilatancy are defined using the bounding surface theory. The plastic flow rule under cyclic loading is modified and assumed to be dependent on both the stress state of the mapping point and the stress reversal loading direction. The proposed model was validated against the available 3D interface tests and was found to satisfactorily reflect the salient features of the interfaces under monotonic and cyclic loading paths with different normal boundaries. The problem in which the elastic normal stiffness in conventional single‐mechanism interface models is often underestimated to enhance the simulation performance under varying normal stress conditions is solved by incorporating the second mechanism. And the effect of the second mechanism on the modeling behavior is discussed. The modified plastic flow direction accurately simulates the 3D cyclic shear response, and the difference between the model simulation and test result increases with the number of cycles by use of the plastic flow direction defined in conventional bounding surface theory.
Comparing Bayesian early stopping boundaries for phase II clinical trials
Authors: Jiang Liyun , Yan Fangrong , Thall Peter F. , Huang Xuelin 
Published: July 2020

SummaryWhen designing phase II clinical trials, it is important to construct interim monitoring rules that achieve a balance between reliable early stopping for futility or safety and maintaining a high true positive probability (TPP), which is the probability of not stopping if the new treatment is truly safe and effective. We define and compare several methods for specifying early stopping boundaries as functions of interim sample size, rather than as fixed cut‐offs, using Bayesian posterior probabilities as decision criteria. We consider boundaries with constant, linear, or exponential shapes. For design optimization criteria, we use the TPP and mean number of patients enrolled in the trial. Simulations to evaluate and compare the designs' operating characteristics under a range of scenarios show that, while there is no uniformly optimal boundary, an appropriately calibrated exponential shape maintains high TPP while limiting the number of patients assigned to a treatment with an inferior response rate or an excessive toxicity rate.