bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretische Grundlagen: Das International Sales Accelerator Modell als Business Development und Vertriebsmanagement Prozess-Tool
Authors: Reber geb. Wiesenauer Simone 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungKapitel 2 bettet das ISA-Modell in die Business Development und Vertriebsforschung ein (Kapitel 2.1) und stellt die Entwicklung der Methodik des ISA-Modells vor (Kapitel 2.2). Es werden theoretische Grundlagen und Definitionen vorgestellt und das Thema der Arbeit zu anderen wissenschaftlichen Bereichen abgegrenzt und eingeordnet.
Internationale Zielmarktanalyse
Authors: Reber geb. Wiesenauer Simone 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Kapitel 3 werden die Ergebnisse aus den Experteninterviews zu den ISA-Modell Bausteinen 1-3 dargestellt (Kapitel 3.1-3.3). Die Bausteine 1-3 des ISA-Modells gehören zur strategischen Analyse im Prozess des strategischen Managements.
Internationaler Vertriebsaufbau und Vertriebsentwicklung
Authors: Reber geb. Wiesenauer Simone 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungKapitel 4 erläutert die Ergebnisse aus den Experteninterviews in den ISA-Modell Bausteinen 4-7 (Kapitel 4.1-4.4). Baustein 4 repräsentiert dabei den Teil der Strategieformulierung und Strategieauswahl im Prozess des strategischen Managements. Die Bausteine 5-7 stehen für die Strategieimplementierung im Prozess des strategischen Managements.
Functional calculus on non-homogeneous operators on nilpotent groups
Authors: Calzi Mattia , Ricci Fulvio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study the functional calculus associated with a hypoelliptic left-invariant differential operator $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
on a connected and simply connected nilpotent Lie group G with the aid of the corresponding Rockland operator $$\mathcal {L}_0$$

L
0

on the ‘local’ contraction $$G_0$$

G
0

of G, as well as of the corresponding Rockland operator $$\mathcal {L}_\infty $$

L
∞

on the ‘global’ contraction $$G_\infty $$

G
∞

of G. We provide asymptotic estimates of the Riesz potentials associated with $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
at 0 and at $$\infty $$
∞
, as well as of the kernels associated with functions of $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
satisfying Mihlin conditions of every order. We also prove some Mihlin–Hörmander multiplier theorems for $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
which generalize analogous results to the non-homogeneous case. Finally, we extend the asymptotic study of the density of the ‘Plancherel measure’ associated with $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
from the case of a quasi-homogeneous sub-Laplacian to the case of a quasi-homogeneous sum of even powers.
Okzipital- und Parietallappenepilepsien – Klinische Anfallssemiologie und Elektrophysiologie
Authors: Pataraia Ekaterina , Aull-Watschinger Susanne 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungOkzipitallappenepilepsien (OLE) und Parietallappenepilepsien (PLE) kommen im Erwachsenenalter selten vor. Die klinischen Symptome können subjektiv wahrgenommen werden, objektiv zu beobachten sein oder sowohl subjektiv als auch objektiv auftreten. Die Anfallssemiologie wird je nachdem, ob die Symptome durch epileptische Entladung im Okzipital- oder Parietallappen entstehen oder durch die Propagation der iktalen Aktivität in andere Hirnregionen zustande kommen, in Initial- oder Spätsymptome eingeteilt. Die Leitsymptome bei OLE sind visuelle und okulomotorische Symptome und bei PLE elementare somatosensorische Sensationen. Obwohl der Elektroenzephalographie (EEG) als apparativer Methode in der Diagnostik der Epilepsien eine entscheidende Rolle zukommt, ist das Skalp-EEG bei OLE und PLE nur bedingt verwertbar. Die definitive Differenzierung der Anfallsursprungszone beruht meist auf einer intrakraniellen EEG-Ableitung und dem Vorhandensein einer strukturellen Läsion in der Bildgebung. Die Quellenlokalisationsmethoden mittels Magnetenzephalographie und hochauflösender EEG zeigen generell eine gute Übereinstimmung mit der Anfallsursprungszone und werden zunehmend in der Diagnostik der posterioren Kortexepilepsien eingesetzt.
A bivariate finite mixture growth model with selection
Authors: Aristei David , Bacci Silvia , Bartolucci Francesco , Pandolfi Silvia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA model is proposed to analyze longitudinal data where two response variables are available, one of which is a binary indicator of selection and the other is continuous and observed only if the first is equal to 1. The model also accounts for individual covariates and may be considered as a bivariate finite mixture growth model as it is based on three submodels: (i) a probit model for the selection variable; (ii) a linear model for the continuous variable; and (iii) a multinomial logit model for the class membership. To suitably address endogeneity, the first two components rely on correlated errors as in a standard selection model. The proposed approach is applied to the analysis of the dynamics of household portfolio choices based on an unbalanced panel dataset of Italian households over the 1998–2014 period. For this dataset, we identify three latent classes of households with specific investment behaviors and we assess the effect of individual characteristics on households’ portfolio choices. Our empirical findings also confirm the need to jointly model risky asset market participation and the conditional portfolio share to properly analyze investment behaviors over the life-cycle.
Network model and analysis of the spread of Covid-19 with social distancing
Authors: Maheshwari Parul , Albert Réka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe first mitigation response to the Covid-19 pandemic was to limit person-to-person interaction as much as possible. This was implemented by the temporary closing of many workplaces and people were required to follow social distancing. Networks are a great way to represent interactions among people and the temporary severing of these interactions. Here, we present a network model of human–human interactions that could be mediators of disease spread. The nodes of this network are individuals and different types of edges denote family cliques, workplace interactions, interactions arising from essential needs, and social interactions. Each individual can be in one of four states: susceptible, infected, immune, and dead. The network and the disease parameters are informed by the existing literature on Covid-19. Using this model, we simulate the spread of an infectious disease in the presence of various mitigation scenarios. For example, lockdown is implemented by deleting edges that denote non-essential interactions. We validate the simulation results with the real data by matching the basic and effective reproduction numbers during different phases of the spread. We also simulate different possibilities of the slow lifting of the lockdown by varying the transmission rate as facilities are slowly opened but people follow prevention measures like wearing masks etc. We make predictions on the probability and intensity of a second wave of infection in each of these scenarios.
The number of ergodic measures for transitive subshifts under the regular bispecial condition
Authors: DAMRON MICHAEL , FICKENSCHER JON 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIf
$\mathcal {A}$
is a finite set (alphabet), the shift dynamical system consists of the space
$\mathcal {A}^{\mathbb {N}}$
of sequences with entries in
$\mathcal {A}$
, along with the left shift operator S. Closed S-invariant subsets are called subshifts and arise naturally as encodings of other systems. In this paper, we study the number of ergodic measures for transitive subshifts under a condition (‘regular bispecial condition’) on the possible extensions of words in the associated language. Our main result shows that under this condition, the subshift can support at most
$({K+1})/{2}$
ergodic measures, where K is the limiting value of
$p(n+1)-p(n)$
, and p is the complexity function of the language. As a consequence, we answer a question of Boshernitzan from 1984, providing a combinatorial proof for the bound on the number of ergodic measures for interval exchange transformations.
Quantifying shell outline variability in extant and fossilLaqueus(Brachiopoda: Terebratulida): are outlines good proxies for long-looped brachidial morphology and can they help us characterize species?
Authors: López Carranza Natalia , Carlson Sandra J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExtant and extinct terebratulide brachiopod species have been defined primarily on the basis of morphology. What is the fidelity of morphological species to biological species? And how can we test this fidelity with fossils? Taxonomically and phylogenetically, the most informative internal feature in the brachiopod suborder Terebratellidina is the geometrically complex long-looped brachidium, which is highly fragile and only rarely preserved in the fossil record. Given this, it is essential to test other sources of morphological data, such as valve outline shape, when trying to recognize and identify species. We analyzed valve outlines and brachidia in the genusLaqueusto explore the utility of shell shape in discriminating extant and fossil species. Using geometric morphometric methods, we quantified valve outline variability using elliptical Fourier methods and tested whether long-looped brachidial morphology correlates with shell outline shape. We then built classification models based on machine learning algorithms using outlines as shape variables to predict fossil species’ identities. Our results demonstrate that valve outline shape is significantly correlated with long-looped brachidial shape and that even relatively simple outlines are sufficiently morphologically distinct to enable extantLaqueusspecies to be identified, validating current taxonomic assignments. These are encouraging results for the study and delimitation of fossil terebratulide species, and their recognition as biological species. In addition, machine learning algorithms can be successfully applied to help solve species recognition and delimitation problems in paleontology, especially when morphology can be characterized quantitatively and analyzed statistically.
Prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia in Brazilian children under 5 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Silveira Victor N. C. , Carvalho Carolina A. , Viola Poliana C. A. F. , Magalhães Elma I. S. , Padilha Luana L. , Conceição Sueli I. O. , Frota Maria Tereza B. A. , Calado Isabela L. , Cantanhede Nayra A. C. , Franceschini Sylvia C. C. , França Ana Karina T. C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFe-deficiency anaemia is considered an important public health problem both in wealthier countries and in those of medium and low income, especially in children under 5 years of age. The shortage of studies with national representativity in medium-income countries, such as Brazil, prevents the knowledge of the current situation and its associated factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia in Brazilian children under 5 years of age and determined the factors involved in the variability of the estimates of prevalence. We collected fifty-seven studies from the databases MEDLINE, LILACS and Web of Science, along with the reference lists of included articles. We contacted authors for unpublished data. We did not restrict publication timespan and language. This systematic review and meta-analysis was reported according to the guidelines by PRISMA. The pooled prevalence of anaemia in Brazil was 40·2 (95 % CI 36·0, 44·8) %. The age range of the child and the period of data collection were associated with the anaemia prevalence. The pooled prevalence of anaemia was higher in children under 24 months of age (53·5 v. 30·7 %; P < 0·001) and in studies with data collected before 2004 (51·8 v. 32·6 %; P = 0·001). The efforts made by the Brazilian government were successful in the reduction of anaemia in children under 5 years of age in Brazil in the evaluated period. However, prevalence remains beyond acceptable levels for this population group.
Foreign-Born Resident Networks and Stock Comovement: When Local Bias Meets Home (Country) Bias
Authors: Meng Yun , Pantzalis Christos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForeign migration flows have important stock market consequences. Foreign-born resident networks within U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) are associated with excess return comovement between locally headquartered stocks and American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) from countries with ties to the MSA through the network of foreign-born residents. This comovement is hardly due to correlated fundamentals and at least partially driven by correlated trading within members of a common investor base consisting of foreign-born residents. Our evidence has implications for both investors and foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) seeking to reap benefits from cross-listings and is consistent with the notion that foreign-born residents exhibit both local bias and home (country) bias.
Counting People and Making People Count
Authors: Fischer Jessica J.T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCommon-sense morality seems to tell us that a rescuer who can save either one individual or five other individuals from death has a duty to save the greater number. But contractualism, a moral theory on which principles must be justifiable to individuals, seems to imply that it is permissible to save the one. This is because a commitment to individual justification blocks the possibility of appealing to the aggregate amount of lives saved. Does contractualism really have this implication? If so, should we side with the common-sense approach, or is there any reason to side with the contractualist? In this paper, I first examine a new argument from Jay Wallace which claims to reconcile contractualism with a duty to save the greater number. I find the argument to be unsuccessful. I then suggest that common-sense morality doesn't support a duty to save the greater number as straightforwardly as it might initially seem as it might initially seem. I introduce two mundane cases in which the permissibility of saving either the lesser or greater number is intuitively plausible, and I offer some reasons to think that the permissibility of saving the lesser number coheres with our value judgements more generally.
Sympathy for the Devil: The Puzzle of Imaginative Resistance, the Role of Fiction in Moral Thought, and the Limits of the Imagination
Authors: Dain Edmund 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhat are the limits of the imagination in morality? What role does fiction play in moral thought? My starting point in addressing these questions is Tamar Szabo Gendler's ‘puzzle of imaginative resistance’, the problem of explaining the special difficulties we seem to encounter in imagining to be right what we take to be morally wrong (or vice versa) in fiction, and Gendler's claim that those difficulties are due to our unwillingness to imagine these things, rather than our inability to imagine what is logically or conceptually impossible. Using a wide range of examples, I argue that there is no puzzle of imaginative resistance and that to think that there is such a puzzle is to miss almost entirely the role fiction plays in moral thought. That, however, does not mean that there are no limits to what we can imagine in morality. In fact, I argue, the imagination is limited in morality, as elsewhere, by what is logically or conceptually possible. Together, those claims suggest that fiction and the imagination play a fundamental role in shaping our conception of the moral landscape. The paper concludes by drawing some of the consequences of these views for the nature of moral thought.
A review of current clinical biomarkers for prostate cancer: towards personalised and targeted therapy
Authors: Osei Ernest , Swanson Steph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground:Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and it is responsible for about 10% of all cancer mortality in Canadian men. The current ‘gold standard’ for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is a prostate biopsy and the decision on when to biopsy a patient with non-suspicious Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) result and total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) of 4–10 ng/ml can be challenging. In order to shift the treatment paradigm of prostate cancer toward more personalised and targeted therapy, there is the need for a clear system that makes its detection binary so as to decrease the rate of inaccurate detections. Therefore in recent years, there have been several investigations into the development of various biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for screening, early detection and personalised patient-specific targeted medicine from diagnosis to treatment of the disease.Materials and methods:This paper reports on nine currently available clinical biomarkers used in screening for early detection and diagnosis, to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, in risk assessment of aggressive disease and in monitoring treatment response of prostate cancer.Conclusion:Current clinical prostate cancer biomarkers have the potential for a personalised risk assessment of aggressive disease and the risk of developing distant metastatic disease and have been proven to be useful tools to guide clinicians in personalised patient-specific targeted treatment and in the shared decision making between patients and their physicians regarding prostate biopsy and treatment. Using biomarkers to select patients with a significant probability of aggressive prostate cancer would potentially avoid premature death from the disease, while at the same time would safely preclude patients who do not require unnecessary invasive intervention.
Waveform Reconstruction of Lightning Current Based on Output‐Error Model and Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain Method
Authors: Fu Yapeng , Zhang Qi , Yang Bo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA simple method combining Output‐Error (OE) model and Finite‐Difference Time‐Domain (FDTD) method is proposed to reconstruct lightning current in this paper. First, the FDTD method is adopted to calculate electromagnetic fields of any desired point, and the transfer function between the obtained fields and channel base current is built by using OE model. Then, the lightning current is reconstructed by putting the actual measured electromagnetic field into the corresponding transfer function. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through the measured data given in the literature. Moreover, three influence factors on the reconstruction performance of this method are analyzed as well, including the effect of distance from field observation point to lightning channel, ground conductivity and the velocity of return stroke.
Climate Sensitivity Increases Under Higher CO2 Levels Due to Feedback Temperature Dependence
Authors: Bloch‐Johnson Jonah , Rugenstein Maria , Stolpe Martin B. , Rohrschneider Tim , Zheng Yiyu , Gregory Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEquilibrium climate sensitivity‐the equilibrium warming per CO2 doubling‐increases with CO2 concentration for 13 of 14 coupled general circulation models for 0.5–8 times the preindustrial concentration. In particular, the abrupt 4 × CO2 equilibrium warming is more than twice the 2 × CO2 warming. We identify three potential causes: nonlogarithmic forcing, feedback CO2 dependence, and feedback temperature dependence. Feedback temperature dependence explains at least half of the sensitivity increase, while feedback CO2 dependence explains a smaller share, and nonlogarithmic forcing decreases sensitivity in as many models as it increases it. Feedback temperature dependence is positive for 10 out of 14 models, primarily due to the longwave clear‐sky feedback, while cloud feedbacks drive particularly large sensitivity increases. Feedback temperature dependence increases the risk of extreme or runaway warming, and is estimated to cause six models to warm at least an additional 3K under 8 × CO2.
Semiquantitative Estimates of Rainfall Variability During the 8.2 kyr Event in California Using Speleothem Calcium Isotope Ratios
Authors: de Wet Cameron B. , Erhardt Andrea M. , Sharp Warren D. , Marks Naomi E. , Bradbury Harold J. , Turchyn Alexandra V. , Xu Yiruo , Oster Jessica L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA multiproxy record from a fast‐growing stalagmite reveals variable hydroclimate on the California coast across the 8.2 kyr event and a precursor event likely caused by initial drainage of proglacial Lake Agassiz. Using speleothem δ44Ca, we develop the first semiquantitative estimates of paleorainfall variability for California through calibration with measurements of the modern climate and cave environment. We find that the magnitude of rainfall variability during the 8.2 kyr event approached the multiyear variability observable in the recent past (1950–2019) and the magnitude of variability during the precursor event likely exceeded this range. Additionally, we observe other instances of multidecadal variability comparable in magnitude to the precursor event during the record. Our work suggests that speleothem calcium isotope ratios are a powerful semiquantitative means to reconstruct paleorainfall, although numerous factors must be assessed in each cave system before applying this approach.
Challenges on Mercury's Interior Structure Posed by the New Measurements of its Obliquity and Tides
Authors: Steinbrügge G. , Dumberry M. , Rivoldini A. , Schubert G. , Cao H. , Schroeder D. M. , Soderlund K. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present calculations of interior models of Mercury that are constrained to match Mercury's mean density, normalized moment of inertia factor (MoI), and 88 days libration amplitude. We show that models matching a MoI = 0.333 ± 0.005, based on a recent obliquity measurement require a new perspective on Mercury's interior. Specifically, we confirm the mandatory presence of a large inner core > 600 km in radius which, however, leads to lower mantle densities in comparison to previous models and implies a mantle with > 5wt.% C, > 10wt.% magnesium sulfide (MgS), or is partially convecting. Furthermore, we also show that the core radius is lower than previous estimates, making it inconsistent with current estimates from magnetic induction measurements. In addition, the requirement of low viscosities in the lower mantle to match recent estimates of k2 imply a significantly weaker mantle than previously believed, potentially including partial melting.
A Survey of Photoelectrons on the Nightside of Mars
Authors: Cao Y. ‐T. , Cui J. , Wu X. ‐S. , Niu D. ‐D. , Lai H. ‐R. , Ni B. ‐B. , Luo Q. , Yu J. , Wei Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite produced exclusively on the dayside, photoelectrons, as an important population of the Martian ionosphere, have also been observed on the nightside. Here we present a statistical survey of nightside photoelectrons using the suprathermal electron measurements, made by the Solar Wind Electron Analyzer onboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution. We find that nearly 30% of the available nightside suprathermal electron spectra show clear photoelectron signatures. Nightside photoelectrons have an occurrence rate that decreases with increasing solar zenith angle and they are characterized by a preferentially field‐aligned pitch angle distribution. Our analysis also suggests that nightside photoelectrons are less likely observed under the high solar wind condition. These observations are favorably interpreted by the scenario of photoelectron transport along cross‐terminator magnetic field lines, as supported by a simplified test particle model. Our study highlights a complex plasma environment near Mars modulated by both internal and external conditions.