bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect effects of climate change‐amplified pulse heat stress events on coral reef fish communities
Authors: Magel Jennifer M. T. , Dimoff Sean A. , Baum Julia K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate change‐amplified temperature anomalies pose an imminent threat to coral reef ecosystems. While much focus has been placed on the effects of heat stress on scleractinian corals—including bleaching, mortality, and loss of reef structural complexity—and many studies have documented changes to reef fish communities arising indirectly from shifts in benthic composition, the direct impacts of heat stress on reef fish are much less well understood. Here, we quantify the direct and indirect effects of heat stress on reef fishes, using underwater visual censuses of coral reef fish communities conducted before, during, and after the 2015–2016 El Niño‐induced global coral bleaching event. Surveys took place at the epicenter of this event, at 16 sites on Kiritimati (Republic of Kiribati; central equatorial Pacific) spanning across a gradient of local human disturbance. We expected that heat stress would have both direct and indirect negative effects on the reef fish community, with direct effects resulting from physiological stress during the event and indirect effects manifesting afterward as a consequence of coral mortality, and that the ability of fish communities to recover following the heat stress would depend on levels of local human disturbance. We found that total reef fish biomass and abundance declined by >50% during heat stress, likely as a result of vertical migration of fish to cooler waters. One year after the cessation of heat stress, however, total biomass, abundance, and species richness had recovered to, or even exceeded, pre‐heat stress levels. However, the biomass of corallivores declined by over 70% following severe coral loss, and reefs exposed to higher levels of local human disturbance showed impaired recovery following the heat stress. These findings enhance understanding of the projected impacts of climate change‐associated marine heatwaves on reef fishes, and highlight the interacting effects of local and global stressors on this vital component of coral reef ecosystems.
Too much is bad: increasing numbers of livestock and conspecifics reduce body mass in an avian scavenger
Authors: Donázar José A. , Barbosa Jomar M. , García‐Alfonso Marina , van Overveld Thijs , Gangoso Laura , de la Riva Manuel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIndividual traits such as body mass can serve as early warning signals of changes in the fitness prospects of animal populations facing environmental impacts. Here, taking advantage of a 19‐yr monitoring, we assessed how individual, population, and environmental factors modulate long‐term changes in the body mass of Canarian Egyptian vultures. Individual vulture body mass increased when primary productivity was highly variable, but decreased in years with a high abundance of livestock. We hypothesized that carcasses of wild animals, a natural food resource that can be essential for avian scavengers, could be more abundant in periods of weather instability but depleted when high livestock numbers lead to overgrazing. In addition, increasing vulture population numbers also negatively affect body mass suggesting density‐dependent competition for food. Interestingly, the relative strength of individual, population and resource availability factors on body mass changed with age and territorial status, a pattern presumably shaped by differences in competitive abilities and/or age‐dependent environmental knowledge and foraging skills. Our study supports that individual plastic traits may be extremely reliable tools to better understand the response of secondary consumers to current and future natural and human‐induced environmental changes.
Sexual and gender minority individuals report higher rates of abuse and more severe eating disorder symptoms than cisgender heterosexual individuals at admission to eating disorder treatment
Authors: Mensinger Janell L. , Granche Janeway L. , Cox Shelbi A. , Henretty Jennifer R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEating disorders (EDs) occur at higher rates among sexual/gender minorities (SGMs). We currently know little about the risk factor profile of SGMs entering ED specialty care.ObjectiveTo (a) compare history of abuse‐related risk in SGMs to cisgender heterosexuals (CHs) when entering treatment, (b) determine if SGMs enter and exit treatment with more severe ED symptoms than CHs, and (c) determine if SGMs have different rates of improvement in ED symptoms during treatment compared to CHs.MethodWe analyzed data from 2,818 individuals treated at a large, US‐based, ED center, 471 (17%) of whom identified as SGM. Objective 1 was tested using logistic regression and Objectives 2 and 3 used mixed‐effects models.ResultsSGMs had higher prevalence of sexual abuse (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.71, 2.58), other trauma (e.g., verbal/physical/emotional abuse; OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.68, 2.54), and bullying (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.73, 2.62) histories. SGMs had higher global EDE‐Q scores than CHs at admission (γ = 0.42, SE = 0.08, p < .001) but improved faster early in treatment (γ = 0.316, SE = 0.12, p = .008). By discharge, EDE‐Q scores did not differ between SGMs and CHs.DiscussionOur main hypothesis of greater abuse histories among SGMs was supported and could be one explanation of their more severe ED symptoms at treatment admission compared to CHs. In addition, elevated symptom severity in SGMs at admission coincides with greater delay between ED onset and treatment initiation among SGMs—possibly a consequence of difficulties with ED recognition in SGMs by healthcare providers. We recommend increased training for providers on identifying EDs in SGMs to reduce barriers to early intervention.
The impact of trading restrictions and margin requirements on stock index futures
Authors: Hu Jianqiang , Wang Tianxiang , Hu Wenwei , Tong Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStock index futures in Chinese market have consistently diverged from their theoretical values. In this paper, we try to provide some explanations by proposing an equilibrium model. Although the model itself does not provide analytical solutions, it enables us to conduct extensive numerical studies and compare them with our empirical results on two major Chinese market indices, CSI300 and SSE50. Our results show that the divergence of stock index futures prices from their theoretical values may be due to various trading and regulatory constraints, such as position limits and margin requirements, which play significant roles in Chinese market.
Neurofunctional correlates of eye to hand motor transfer
Authors: Modroño Cristián , Socas Rosario , Hernández‐Martín Estefanía , Plata‐Bello Julio , Marcano Francisco , Pérez‐González José M. , González‐Mora José L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work investigates the transfer of motor learning from the eye to the hand and its neural correlates by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a sensorimotor task consisting of the continuous tracking of a virtual target. In pretraining evaluation, all the participants (experimental and control group) performed the tracking task inside an MRI scanner using their right hand and a joystick. After which, the experimental group practiced an eye‐controlled version of the task for 5 days using an eye tracking system outside the MRI environment. Post‐training evaluation was done 1 week after the first scanning session, where all the participants were scanned again while repeating the manual pretraining task. Behavioral results show that the training in the eye‐controlled task produced a better performance not only in the eye‐controlled modality (motor learning) but also in the hand‐controlled modality (motor transfer). Neural results indicate that eye to hand motor transfer is supported by the motor cortex, the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, which is consistent with previous research focused on other effectors. These results may be of interest in neurorehabilitation to activate the motor systems and help in the recovery of motor functions in stroke or movement disorder patients.
Evaluation of glycoprotein E subunit and live attenuated varicella‐zoster virus vaccines formulated with a single‐strand RNA‐based adjuvant
Authors: Lee Su Jeen , Park Hyo‐Jung , Ko Hae Li , Lee Jung Eun , Lee Hyun Joo , Kim Hun , Nam Jae‐Hwan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionVaricella‐zoster virus (VZV), a human alphaherpesvirus 3, elicits both chickenpox and shingles and/or postherpetic neuralgia. A live attenuated vaccine (LAV) and glycoprotein E (gE) subunit vaccine were developed to prevent VZV‐induced diseases. We recently reported that single‐strand RNA (ssRNA) based on the intergenic region of the internal ribosome entry site of cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) is an effective adjuvant for protein‐based and virus‐like particle‐based vaccines. Here, Chinese hamster ovary expression system and an LAV from Oka/SK strains.MethodsWe appraised the adjuvant effect of the same CrPV ssRNA encoding the gE gene formulated in the two vaccines using VZV‐primed C57BL/6 mice and guinea pigs. Humoral immunity and cell‐mediated immunity were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ELISPOT in gE subunit vaccine and by ELISA and fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen in LAV.ResultsThe gE subunit vaccine‐induced gE‐specific antibodies and CD4+ T‐cell responses (indicated by interferon‐γ [IFN‐γ] and interleukin‐2 secretion) in the ssRNA‐based adjuvant containing the VZV gE gene. Therefore, an ssRNA adjuvant combined with gE antigen can trigger the innate immune response and induce an adaptive immune response to ultimately activate humoral and cell‐mediated responses. VZV LAV could also induce VZV‐specific antibodies and IFN‐γ stimulated by LAV, whereas the effect of ssRNA as a vaccine adjuvant could not be confirmed. However, the ssRNA adjuvant increased VZV‐specific neutralizing antibody response.ConclusionsTaken together, these results highlight that the gE subunit vaccine and LAV developed in this study can be functional VZV vaccines, and ssRNAs appear to function better as adjuvants in a subunit vaccine than in an LAV.
A NEW NON‐TUNED SELF‐ADAPTIVE MACHINE‐LEARNING APPROACH FOR SIMULATING THE DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT OF LABYRINTH WEIRS
Authors: Norouzi Payam , Rajabi Ahmad , Izadbakhsh Mohammad Ali , Shabanlou Saeid , Yosefvand Fariborz , Yaghoubi Behrouz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, the labyrinth weir discharge coefficient was simulated using the self‐adaptive extreme learning machine (SAELM) artificial intelligence model in two cases: normal orientation labyrinth weirs (NLWs) and inverted orientation labyrinth weirs (ILWs). First, the most optimized neuron of the hidden layer was computed. The number of hidden layer neurons was calculated as 30. Also, by analysing the results of different activation functions, it was concluded that the sigmoid activation function has higher accuracy than the others. Next, the superior model was identified by conducting a sensitivity analysis. The model approximated the discharge coefficient of labyrinth weirs with reasonable accuracy. For example, the R2, scatter index and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient for the best model were estimated as 0.966, 0.034 and 0.964, respectively. In addition, the ratio of the total head above the weir to the height of the weir crest (HT/P) and the ratio of length of apex geometry to width of a single cycle (A/w) were identified as the most effective parameters. Furthermore, the uncertainty analysis results indicated that the superior model had an overestimated performance. Then, a relationship was proposed in terms of all input variables for the superior model. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reading Motivation in High School: Instructional Shifts in Student Choice and Class Time
Authors: Allred Johnny B. , Cena Michael E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch has shown that student choice of text and increased time spent on reading independently are two factors that can result in an increase in students’ reading motivation and enjoyment. The authors investigated implementation of evidence‐based practices to show how they played out in a high school English language arts classroom. The research was guided by two questions: (1) How does choice affect the reading motivation of a group of high school students? (2) How does silent reading time in class affect these students’ perceptions of reading? Findings reveal that students valued freedom of text choice, leading to increased reading self‐concepts and reading value. In addition, dedicating class time to reading and literature circle discussions helped students have more positive reading experiences than otherwise. These findings suggest benefits from flexibility in literature selection and instructional time, thereby providing a space in the classroom for student‐driven reading and discussion.
Mechanisms and individuality in chromium toxicity in humans
Authors: Pavesi Thelma , Moreira Josino Costa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWith regards to health, chromium (Cr) is an ambiguous chemical element. Although it is considered to be an important micronutrient, it also is connected with several pathologies, including carcinogenicity. The mechanism of action of Cr and its compounds in humans is not yet fully understood. Currently, three possible mechanisms have been proposed for carcinogenesis: Cr(VI)‐induced multistage carcinogenesis, genomic instability, and epigenetic modification. Therefore, in addition to the toxicity of this metal and its ions, human susceptibility to Cr‐induced pathologies depends on external factors and individual characteristics, such as enzymatic polymorphisms, carriers, endogenous reducing system, adduct formation and stability, and efficiency of DNA repair mechanisms, among other factors. In fact, the variability of individual molecular constitutive factors, such as individual polymorphisms, creates an individualized environment for Cr toxicity. This mini‐review contemplates the essential variables in this process.
Gut microbiota and lipid metabolism alterations in mice induced by oral cadmium telluride quantum dots
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Hu Yun , Lv Yangfan , Gao Yu , Yuwen Lihui , Yang Wenjing , Weng Lixing , Teng Zhaogang , Wang Lianhui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe potential toxicity of cadmium‐containing quantum dots (QDs) has received much attention because of increasing biomedical applications. However, little has been known about how cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs influence the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. In this study, mice were exposed orally to CdTe QDs (200 μL of 0.2, 2, 20 or 200 μm; twice per week) for 4 weeks. The oral experiments showed CdTe QD exposure led to a decrease of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio of gut microbiota, which highly negatively correlated with the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in serum. In addition, the low‐dose (0.2 and 2 μm) CdTe QDs significantly increased the diversity of gut microbiota, and did not elevate the LDL, TG and TC levels in serum. The medium dose (20 μm) of CdTe QDs caused the biggest decrease of the F/B ratio, so it significantly increased the LDL, TG and TC levels compared with the control. Furthermore, high‐dose (200 μm) CdTe QDs caused various toxicities in the histopathology of liver and intestine, liver function and intestinal immunity, but did not significantly lead to changes of the LDL, TG and TC levels in serum. This study demonstrates that high‐dose oral CdTe QDs mainly lead to tissue damage of the liver and intestine, while the medium and low doses of oral CdTe QDs induce shifts of gut microbiota structure, which are associated with blood lipid levels.
Relaxation time constant based optical coherence elastography
Authors: Zhang Duo , Li Chunhui , Huang Zhihong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aimed at visualizing relative relaxation time constant (RTC) in soft tissue by using optical coherence elastography (OCE). We proposed a forced vibration model as a theoretical base to express RTC using axial gradient of periodic vibration phase captured by phase sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS‐OCT). Validation of the model had been accomplished by experiments with isotropic and double‐layered phantoms. A fresh chicken breast sample treated with focused ultrasound was prepared to test performance of the RTC‐OCE in real tissue. All results were cross‐validated with indentation test and traditional strain‐based elastography. This study first utilized RTC mapping in 2D and 3D that covers the information of both elasticity and viscosity. The generated RTC mapping revealed the same mechanical difference internal sample which is correlated with conventional strain mapping. RTC mapping is potentially to be served as new biomarker for disease diagnosis in the future.
An improved recursive construction for disjoint Steiner quadruple systems
Authors: Etzion Tuvi , Zhou Junling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLet be the number of pairwise disjoint Steiner quadruple systems (SQS) of order . A simple counting argument shows that and a set of such systems is called a large set. No nontrivial large set was constructed yet, although it is known that they exist if or is large enough. When and or , we present a recursive construction and prove a recursive formula on , as follows:
The related construction has a few advantages over some of the previously known constructions for pairwise disjoint SQSs.
Novel treatment for gastric intestinal metaplasia, a precursor to cancer
Authors: Lam Shiu Kum , Lau George 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimGastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is precancerous with a worldwide prevalence of 25%. Eradicating Helicobacter pylori prevented about half of gastric cancers; failure to prevent the rest was attributed to GIM. GIM is irreversible and often extensive. There is no treatment. Existing endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is designed to treat early gastric cancer of usually <2 cm. We designed a two‐endoscope technique of EMR for extensive lesions such as GIM.MethodsForty patients with histologically confirmed moderate to severe GIM (operative link on GIM [OLGIM] classification) received the treatment in a daycare center. Chromoendoscopy with methylene blue was first performed to indicate the GIM. Submucosal saline injections were used to lift the stained mucosa to form multiple safety cushions, which were transformed into artificial polyps by suction and ligation, using a cap familiar to gastroenterologists for ligation of esophageal varices. EMRs were then achieved by snare polypectomy. By rotating two gastroscopes, one was designated to perform lift and snare and the other to perform suction and ligation; cycles of lift–ligate–snare were performed until all stained mucosa was removed. Assessment chromoendoscopy with ≥seven biopsies was performed at 6 months.ResultsA total of 227 EMRs were performed, with a median of 3.5 per patient. Bleeding was uncommon and minimal. Gastric perforation ascribable to loss of a safety cushion occurred in one patient. Chromoendoscopy at 6 months in 36 willing patients showed no recurrence of GIM.ConclusionThe two‐endoscope technique of EMR for GIM was essentially safe and effective, with no recurrence at 6 months. It could be performed by endoscopists with standard skills.
Edge proximity and matching extension in projective planar graphs
Authors: Fujisawa Jun , Seno Hiroki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA graph with at least vertices is said to be distance ‐extendable if, for any matching of with edges in which the edges lie at distance at least pairwise, there exists a perfect matching of containing . In this paper we prove that every 5‐connected triangulation on the projective plane of even order is distance 3 7‐extendable and distance 4 ‐extendable for any .
Shutter‐Speed DCE‐MRI Analyses of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Data
Authors: Bai Ruiliang , Wang Bao , Jia Yinhang , Wang Zejun , Springer Charles S. , Li Zhaoqing , Lan Chuanjin , Zhang Yi , Zhao Peng , Liu Yingchao 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe shutter‐speed model dynamic contrast‐enhanced (SSM‐DCE) MRI pharmacokinetic analysis adds a metabolic dimension to DCE‐MRI. This is of particular interest in cancers, since abnormal metabolic activity might happen.PurposeTo develop a DCE‐MRI SSM analysis framework for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cases considering the heterogeneous tissue found in GBM.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTen GBM patients.Field Strength/Sequence3T MRI with DCE‐MRI.AssessmentsThe corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) was used to automatically separate DCE‐MRI data into proper SSM versions based on the contrast agent (CA) extravasation in each pixel. The supra‐intensive parameters, including the vascular water efflux rate constant (kbo), the cellular efflux rate constant (kio), and the CA vascular efflux rate constant (kpe), together with intravascular and extravascular–extracellular water mole fractions (pb and po, respectively) were determined. Further error analyses were also performed to eliminate unreliable estimations on kio and kbo.Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test.ResultsFor tumor pixels of all subjects, 88% show lower AICc with SSM than with the Tofts model. Compared to normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM), tumor tissue showed significantly larger pb (0.045 vs. 0.011, P < 0.001) and higher kpe (3.0 × 10−2 s−1 vs. 6.1 × 10−4 s−1, P < 0.001). In the contrast, significant kbo reduction was observed from NAWM to GBM tumor tissue (2.8 s−1 vs. 1.0 s−1, P < 0.001). In addition, kbo is four orders and two orders of magnitude greater than kpe in the NAWM and GBM tumor, respectively. These results indicate that CA and water molecule have different transmembrane pathways. The mean tumor kio of all subjects was 0.57 s−1.Data ConclusionWe demonstrate the feasibility of applying SSM models in GBM cases. Within the proposed SSM analysis framework, kio and kbo could be estimated, which might be useful biomarkers for GBM diagnosis and survival prediction in future.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:850–863.