bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of anterior chamber angle by van Herick grading and ultrasound biomicroscopy in light and dark conditions for finding appositional angle closure and plateau iris configuration
Authors: Uejyo Chiharu , Henzan Ichiko Medoruma , Nakamura Yuko , Ishikawa Shusaku , Sakai Hiroshi , Sawaguchi Shoichi , Kumar Rajesh S. , Iwase Aiko , Tomidokoro Atsuo , Araie Makoto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate association of the van Herick (VH) grades with the ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) parameters, appositional irido‐trabecular contact (A‐ITC) and plateau iris (PI) in a randomly sampled population.MethodsA 10% random sample of all residents aged 40 or older of the Kumejima study underwent UBM under dark and light conditions in the four quadrants of right eyes.ResultsOf 301 right eyes with eligible UBM images, 101 (33.6%) and 200 (66.4%) were classified as VH ≤ 2 and VH ≥ 3, respectively. The UBM parameters on angle width and ciliary body configuration were significantly different between VH ≤ 2 and VH ≥ 3 eyes (p < 0.001). A‐ITC was found in at least one quadrant in 54.5% and 75.2% of VH ≤ 2 eyes under light and dark conditions, respectively; and 20.5% and 45.5% of VH ≥ 3 eyes. When ‘VH ≤ 2’ was used to screen eyes with A‐ITC in three or more quadrants, the sensitivity and specificity were 74.1% and 75.3%, respectively. A‐ITC was significantly associated with shallower anterior chamber (p = 0.018) and higher intraocular pressure (p = 0.044) in VH ≥ 3 eyes. Plateau iris (PI) was found in 15.8% and 6.0% of VH ≤ 2 and VH ≥ 3 eyes, respectively. Plateau iris (PI) was significantly associated with the UBM parameters on angle width and ciliary body configuration. When ‘VH ≤ 2’ was used to screen eyes with PI, the sensitivity and specificity were 57.1% and 68.9%, respectively.ConclusionsThe VH grade of ≤2 and ≥3 showed significant association with UBM angle width and ciliary body configuration parameters. The VH ≤ 2 criterion should be useful for screening of A‐ITC and PI.
Renal length z‐score for the detection of dysfunction in children with solitary functioning kidney
Authors: Restrepo Jaime M. , Torres‐Canchala Laura , Viáfara Lina M. , Agredo Maria A. , Quintero Ana M. , Filler Guido 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether renal length z‐scores predict renal dysfunction in children with a solitary functioning kidney (SFK).MethodsIn a single‐centre retrospective cohort of children with SFK, we correlated body mass index z‐scores, extracellular volume and lean body mass to renal length z‐scores. We grouped these z‐scores to other markers of renal dysfunction (proteinuria, hypertension, extracellular volume and abnormal estimated glomerular function rate [eGFR]) and analysed renal length z‐score with multivariate analysis, receiver‐operated characteristics (ROC) plots and Youden's index to determine an appropriate cut‐off.Results111 children had a median follow‐up 5.08 years, eGFR 80.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, and age at last follow‐up 7.4 (3.8‐13.4 years). The median renal length z‐scores of those without any renal dysfunction (n = 37, 25.1%) were greater (+3.66, interquartile range 3.02‐4.47) than those with renal dysfunction (median 3.11, interquartile range 1.76‐4.11, P = .0107, Mann‐Whitney test). Using a cut‐off of z‐score of >+1.911, the odds ratio for having no renal dysfunction was 0.07 (95% CI 0.002‐0.459, P = .0010). However, accuracy of the renal length z‐score was poor (ROC curve 0.6488).ConclusionIn this cohort of children with SKF, using the renal length z‐score as a biomarker of renal dysfunction at 7 years of age is not recommended.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia predicted at birth by artificial intelligence
Authors: Verder Henrik , Heiring Christian , Ramanathan Rangasamy , Scoutaris Nikolaos , Verder Povl , Jessen Torben E. , Höskuldsson Agnar , Bender Lars , Dahl Marianne , Eschen Christian , Fenger‐Grøn Jesper , Reinholdt Jes , Smedegaard Heidi , Schousboe Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo develop a fast bedside test for prediction and early targeted intervention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) to improve the outcome.MethodsIn a multicentre study of preterm infants with gestational age 24‐31 weeks, clinical data present at birth were combined with spectral data of gastric aspirate samples taken at birth and analysed using artificial intelligence. The study was designed to develop an algorithm to predict development of BPD. The BPD definition used was the consensus definition of the US National Institutes of Health: Requirement of supplemental oxygen for at least 28 days with subsequent assessment at 36 weeks postmenstrual age.ResultsTwenty‐six (43%) of the 61 included infants developed BPD. Spectral data analysis of the gastric aspirates identified the most important wave numbers for classification and surfactant treatment, and birth weight and gestational age were the most important predictive clinical data. By combining these data, the resulting algorithm for early diagnosis of BPD had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 91%.ConclusionA point‐of‐care test to predict subsequent development of BPD at birth has been developed using a new software algorithm allowing early targeted intervention of BPD which could improve the outcome.
Scalable Bayesian matrix normal graphical models for brain functional networks
Authors: Kundu Suprateek , Risk Benjamin B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently, there has been an explosive growth in graphical modeling approaches for estimating brain functional networks. In a detailed study, we show that surprisingly, standard graphical modeling approaches for fMRI data may not yield accurate estimates of the brain network due to the inability to suitably account for temporal correlations. We propose a novel Bayesian matrix normal graphical model that jointly models the temporal covariance and the brain network under a separable structure for the covariance to obtain improved estimates. The approach is implemented via an efficient optimization algorithm that computes the maximum‐a‐posteriori network estimates having desirable theoretical properties and which is scalable to high dimensions. The proposed method leads to substantial gains in network estimation accuracy compared to standard brain network modeling approaches as illustrated via extensive simulations. We apply the method to resting state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project involving a large number of time scans and brain regions, to study the relationships between fluid intelligence and functional connectivity, where it is not computationally feasible to apply existing matrix normal graphical models. Our proposed approach led to the detection of differences in connectivity between high and low fluid intelligence groups, whereas these differences were less pronounced or absent using the graphical lasso.
Students’ multidimensional profiles of math engagement: Predictors and outcomes from a self‐system motivational perspective
Authors: Miller Chyna J. , Perera Harsha N. , Maghsoudlou Alireza 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundMath engagement research has been largely limited to examining the unique and additive relations of engagement dimensions with outcomes. However, an emerging perspective is that students may simultaneously invest varying degrees of their distinct energetic resources (e.g., cognitive vs. emotional) in their interactions with the math learning environment.AimsAdopting a person‐centred perspective, we examined unique latent subpopulations of adolescents’ multidimensional math engagement. Importantly, we did so while accounting for generality and specificity in engagement data, including general engagement and specific cognitive, emotional, and social engagement dimensions. Additionally, we examined students’ math self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, and gender as predictors, and math achievement indices as outcomes, of profile membership.SampleThe sample comprised 400 Australian school students taking mandatory math classes.MethodsData on students’ multidimensional engagement, math self‐efficacy, math outcome expectations, and demographic characteristics were collected at the beginning of the academic semester. Standardized test scores and class grades were retrieved at the end of the semester.ResultsLatent profile analyses, based on preliminary bifactor exploratory structural equation models intended to tease apart generality from specificity in engagement data, revealed ‘Minimally Engaged’, ‘Emotionally Disengaged’, and ‘Moderately‐to‐Highly Engaged’ profiles. Additionally, math self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, and gender were found to predict the likelihood of profile membership. Finally, class grades, but not standardized test scores, were found to significantly differ across the profiles, accounting for prior achievement, gender, and grade level.ConclusionsThe findings replicate previous work that has shown profiles of student engagement and extend this work by (1) accounting for known generality and specificity in engagement data and (2) obtaining evidence for relations of profile membership with gender, self‐beliefs, and achievement.
Heterogeneous agroecosystems support high diversity and abundance of trap‐nesting bees and wasps among tropical crops
Authors: Coutinho Jeferson G. E. , Angel‐Coca Catalina , Boscolo Danilo , Viana Blandina F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLand‐use intensification for agricultural purposes modifies the structure of natural environments in various ways and at different spatial scales. These modifications can affect ecological processes and the community structure of multi‐environment users such as solitary bees and wasps. Understanding the role of distinct habitat descriptors in promoting such changes is one of the major challenges of empirical studies. In this study, we use a multi‐scale approach to evaluate how landscape compositional and configurational heterogeneity, vegetation structural complexity, and the proportion of agricultural landscape composition affect communities of bees and wasps that nest in pre‐existing cavities in remnants of native vegetation bordering agroecosystems. We selected 25 sampling points along a gradient of amount of surrounding agriculture and landscape diversity within natural physiognomies located in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Through model selection using Akaike's information criterion, we verified the complementary roles of landscape heterogeneity and local vegetation in structuring these hymenopteran communities. Abundance in the groups showed different tendencies depending on the descriptors employed, pointing to the importance of evaluating within‐group specificity. Furthermore, bees and wasps presented differential responses to landscape composition, but they did not differ in relation to configurational complexity. In more heterogeneous landscapes or sites with more complex local vegetation, the proportion of agriculture had a positive influence on the response evaluated. Efficient management of agricultural landscapes therefore requires increased landscape heterogeneity and conservation or restoration of native vegetation remnants at the local scale.
A QSAR modeling approach for predicting myeloid antimicrobial peptides with high sequence similarity
Authors: Waghu Faiza Hanif , Gawde Ulka , Gomatam Anish , Coutinho Evans , Idicula‐Thomas Susan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicrobial resistance to conventional antibiotics has led to a surge in antimicrobial peptide (AMP) rational design initiatives that rely heavily on algorithms with good prediction accuracy and sensitivity. We present a quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) approach for predicting activity of cathelicidins, an AMP family with broad‐spectrum activity. The best multiple linear regression model built against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 could accurately predict activity of three rationally designed peptides CP, DP, and Mapcon, having high sequence similarity. On further experimental validation of the rationally designed peptides, CP was found to exhibit high antimicrobial activity with negligible hemolysis. Here, we provide CP, an AMP with potential therapeutic applications and a family‐based QSAR model for AMP prediction.
Developments in the Social Meaning Underlying Accent‐ and Dialect‐Based Social Preferences
Authors: Imuta Kana , Spence Jessica L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrom infancy, children display robust preferences for native‐accented and local‐dialect speakers over foreign or nonlocal counterparts. These accent‐ and dialect‐based preferences continue to manifest in children’s friendship choices and intergroup behaviors across childhood, resulting ultimately in prejudice and discrimination in various settings in adulthood. In this article, we begin with a review of the burgeoning literature on infants’ and children’s accent‐ and dialect‐based social preferences. We then adapt Bigler and Liben’s (2007) theory to discuss how developments in children’s perceptual discrimination, social categorization, and intergroup attitudes lead to shifts in the social meaning children attach to accents and dialects to guide their social preferences across childhood. We conclude by suggesting avenues for research that can inform efforts to reduce accent‐ and dialect‐based prejudice and discrimination.
Improved gait recognition through gait energy image partitioning
Authors: Premalatha G. , V Chandramani Premanand 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently, human gait pattern has turned into an essential biometric feature to recognize an individual remotely. Gait as a feature becomes challenging owing to variation in appearance under different covariate conditions (eg, shoe, surface, haul, viewpoint and attire). The covariates may alter few fragment of gait while other fragment stay unaltered, leading to lower the probability of correct identification. To overcome such variation, an improved gait recognition strategy is proposed in this article by gait energy image partitioning and selection processing. Our method involves pre‐processing of raw video for silhouette extraction, gait cycle detection, segmentation into different regions, and histogram of gradients feature extraction from selected segments. In this way, the specific features across complete gait cycles are extracted precisely. Finally, recognition is done by using K‐NN. The proposed strategy has been assessed using the CASIA B gait database. Our outcomes shows a particular proposed strategy accomplishes high recognition rate and outperforms the advanced gait recognition mechanism.
False‐negative ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients
Authors: Iwamoto Naoko , Aruga Tomoyuki , Asami Hidekazu , Horiguchi Shin‐ichiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological features of patients with false‐negative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and to determine the factors associated with negative FNAC.MethodsPatients with negative FNAC from January 2010 to December 2019 were included. The patients with positive sentinel nodes (SN) were divided into two groups: micrometastasis (≤2 mm) group and macrometastasis (>2 mm) group. The clinicopathological characteristics were compared between the two groups using the χ2 test.ResultsA total of 165 patients with negative FNAC were included; 52 (31.5%) had positive SNs. Of the 52 patients, 13 (25%) had micrometastasis and the remaining 39 (75%) had macrometastasis. Of the 113 patients with negative SNs, none had metastases found in non‐SNs. No significant differences were observed in age, cT stage or subtype, and preoperative ultrasound findings between the two groups.ConclusionsThe false‐negative rate of FNAC was high (31.5%). Micrometastatic disease was seen in patients with negative FNAC, and this might be the cause of false‐negative FNAC results.
Pastoral leadership as creativity and resilience
Authors: R. Nelson Derek 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContemporary trends in American culture like the de‐centering of the church from public consciousness and the weakening of institutions in general provide an occasion to reflect on a new theology of pastoral leadership. This article proposes that pastors function best as community leaders when they are maximally creative in seeing possibilities, rather than functioning as spokespersons for an institution. God's creative activity involves both foresight and improvisation, and therefore a pastoral theology modeled on God's creative work must also include those elements.
The New Progressivism and its implications for institutional theories of development
Authors: Rosevear Evan , Trebilcock Michael , Mota Prado Mariana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContextA growing body of literature argues that the world is better off now than it ever has been and that things will only get better. This trend, long identified in advanced economies, has more recently manifest in low‐ and middle‐income countries and is attributed to the rapid diffusion of technological innovation through global trade, investment, communications, research and educational networks.PurposeWe label this literature “New Progressivism”, mapping its main claims and examining its limitations. New Progressivists pay insufficient attention to the interaction between technological innovation and institutional capacity. More specifically, we show that the New Progressivists fail to explain existing patterns of stagnation and regression, and suggest a modified approach.Approach and MethodsAccounting for the significance of institutional pre‐ and co‐requisites in facilitating the uptake of innovation, we analyze the different interactions between technological innovations and institutional capacities. We then provide illustrative examples of these relationships drawn from the areas of health, education, and financial development.FindingsTechnological innovation has vastly improved human well‐being in many countries in recent decades, but understanding why innovation had been adopted in some jurisdictions but not others and why it has not always proven beneficial if adopted requires an account of jurisdiction‐specific institutional landscapes.Policy ImplicationsIn many contexts technological innovations will not achieve their full potential without attention being paid to their institutional pre‐ or co‐requisites. Technological innovation, by itself, provides no easy escape from the often admittedly daunting challenge of reforming dysfunctional institutions in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
An Alternative Multiple‐Choice Question Format to Guide Feedback Using Student Self‐Assessment of Knowledge
Authors: Collignon Stéphane E. , Chacko Josey , Wydick Martin Megan 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTManagement science professors who teach large classes often assess students with multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) because it is efficient. However, traditional MCQ formats are ill‐fitted for constructive feedback. We propose the reward for omission with confidence in knowledge (ROCK) format as an original formative assessment technique to help guide feedback associated with MCQs in an introductory undergraduate management science course. Our study contributes to theory by empirically showing that students can self‐assess their state of knowledge, signal it to the professor, and use proper answering options. In practice, ROCK is an easily implementable MCQ format that allows professors to gain information on student learning based on answers selected. ROCK identifies lack of knowledge or misinformation at both individual and collective levels thus providing opportunities for better feedback in class and during office hours. Limitations of the application of ROCK are also discussed.
Striatal cholinergic interneurons exert inhibition on competing default behaviours controlled by the nucleus accumbens and dorsolateral striatum
Authors: Ashkenazi Sivan Lian , Polis Baruh , David Orit , Morris Genela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith repeated practice, learned actions become more skilled, and eventually highly stereotypical. This transition is accompanied by a shift in striatal control over behaviour from ventral and dorsomedial striatum to dorsolateral striatum. The cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in the striatum are central to striatal computation. Yet, their role in the transition from motivated to stereotypic behaviour is still unclear. In this study, we examined whether CINs contribute to the competition between both control systems. We selectively lesioned CINs in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) or in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) of rats trained in a cued maze task. After obtaining skilled performance, we manipulated the motivation for reward. While sparing task acquisition, selective lesions of the CINs had a marked dissociable impact on the sensitivity to motivation in the highly skilled state. Selective lesions of CINs increased automaticity of behaviour when performed in the DLS, but increased sensitivity to motivation in the NAc. These findings indicate a central role of CINs in regulating motivational impact on striatally controlled behaviours.
Assessing metacommunity processes through signatures in spatiotemporal turnover of community composition
Authors: Jabot Franck , Laroche Fabien , Massol François , Arthaud Florent , Crabot Julie , Dubart Maxime , Blanchet Simon , Munoz François , David Patrice , Datry Thibault 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough metacommunity ecology has been a major field of research in the last decades, with both conceptual and empirical outputs, the analysis of the temporal dynamics of metacommunities has only emerged recently and consists mostly of repeated static analyses. Here we propose a novel analytical framework to assess metacommunity processes using path analyses of spatial and temporal diversity turnovers. We detail the principles and practical aspects of this framework and apply it to simulated datasets to illustrate its ability to decipher the respective contributions of entangled drivers of metacommunity dynamics. We then apply it to four empirical datasets. Empirical results support the view that metacommunity dynamics may be generally shaped by multiple ecological processes acting in concert, with environmental filtering being variable across both space and time. These results reinforce our call to go beyond static analyses of metacommunities that are blind to the temporal part of environmental variability.
Reducing dispersal limitation via seed addition increases species richness but not above‐ground biomass
Authors: Ladouceur Emma , Stanley Harpole W. , Blowes Shane A. , Roscher Christiane , Auge Harald , Seabloom Eric W. , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeed dispersal limitation, which can be exacerbated by a number of anthropogenic causes, can result in local communities having fewer species than they might potentially support, representing a potential diversity deficit. The link between processes that shape natural variation in diversity, such as dispersal limitation, and the consequent effects on productivity is less well known. Here, we synthesised data from 12 seed addition experiments in grassland communities to examine the influence of reducing seed dispersal limitation (from 1 to 60 species added across experiments) on species richness and productivity. For every 10 species of seed added, we found that species richness increased by about two species. However, the increase in species richness by overcoming seed limitation did not lead to a concomitant increase in above‐ground biomass production. This highlights the need to consider the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in a pluralistic way that considers both the processes that shape diversity and productivity simultaneously in naturally assembled communities.