bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable lighting for cultural heritage: a pilot study for evaluating the exhibits’ display inside historical buildings.
Authors: Salvadori G , Maccheroni D , Tambellini G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lighting cultural heritage is a complex task that requires considering the conservation needs of the exhibits and visitors’ visual comfort. However, these needs are often in contrast. In addition, whenever the exhibitions are displayed inside historical buildings, the task further complicates, as lighting designers must face and respect the architectural character of the host building. They have two mean of work: static and dynamic analysis. The former uses the Daylight Factor (DF) while the latter requires a prolonged and expensive measurement campaign. Both analyses present advantages and shortcomings: the DF approach is easy and fast, but it implies many oversimplifications whereas the annual approach provides accurate results but is time and money-consuming. In this paper the authors analyse a case study with both methods. The case study is the Cetacea’s Gallery of the Charterhouse of Calci (PI). The findings of this research demonstrate that the annual approach is preferable, despite its costs, and that the static approach should be used just for first instances analyses. The research pointed out the necessity of a standardized procedure of evaluation that would allow lighting designers to confront possible interventions and find the most adequate to solve the conservation and comfort issues of the case in exam.
Virtual Reality bridge between Chemistry and Cultural Heritage: the “Sala degli Stemmi” Case Study.
Authors: Martino M , Lazzari F , Tasinato N , Barone V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this contribution, we present a multiscale and multidisciplinary VR architecture that aims at creating a common environment where cultural heritage and chemistry meet in order to strengthen the role already played by chemistry in the process of restoration of cultural goods. Our aim is to create a user friendly platform where experts of both fields can share data and ideas in a direct way, in order to achieve deeper insights into cultural goods combining the scientific and historical points of view. As a case study we present the 3D reconstruction of the “Sala degli Stemmi”, which is one of the two historical rooms at Palazzo della Carovana in Pisa, presenting a number of artworks that underwent a process of chemical analysis and restoration in 2012. The whole architecture has been developed using the Unity game engine, and it is usable with HTC Vive headsets. The implementation of the VR environment and the potential applications, from both the scientific and educational points of view, are discussed in some detail.
Applications of Non-Destructive Techniques in the study of a Caribbean historic timber house
Authors: Flores Sasso Virginia , Prieto Vicioso Esteban , Fernandez Flores Gabriela , Carreras Rivery Raquel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aims of this research is to analysis a Caribbean historic timber house using nondestructive techniques (NDT). The high cultural and historic value that have the timber buildings in the Caribbean and the necessity to preserve them as intact as possible, make NDTs to gain importance at the moment to selected the method to preserver and assess a historical structures in order to survive damages arising from several reasons including damaged by time. The selected techniques concern the measurement of some physical/mechanical properties and condition. The NDT analyses have been grouped under four major: visual inspection, optical, ultrasound, and electromagnetic. For analysis was used: Rinntech Resistograph model R650-ED, FLIR System model T420 for Infrared thermography (IRT), ARBOTOM for tomography, Electrical Resistance Measuring (ERM) with DELMHORST BD-2100 pin moisture meter (Protimeter) and MASTERGRIP Digital Thermometer with Laser for superficial temperature. These techniques can be applied “in situ”, without destroying the heritage and do not require to take big samples. Also, are the most appropriate tool for the evaluation the structure, materials and decorative elements of Cultural heritage.
A Cultural Heritage Experience for Visually Impaired People
Authors: Lo Valvo Alice , Garlisi Domenico , Giarr´e Laura , Croce Daniele , Giuliano Fabrizio , Tinnirello Ilenia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years, we have assisted to an impressive advance of computer vision algorithms, based on image processing and artificial intelligence. Among the many applications of computer vision, in this paper we investigate on the potential impact for enhancing the cultural and physical accessibility of cultural heritage sites. By using a common smartphone as a mediation instrument with the environment, we demonstrate how convolutional networks can be trained for recognizing monuments in the surroundings of the users, thus enabling the possibility of accessing contents associated to the monument itself, or new forms of fruition for visually impaired people. Moreover, computer vision can also support autonomous mobility of people with visual disabilities, for identifying pre-defined paths in the cultural heritage sites, and reducing the distance between digital and real world.
BIM for built cultural heritage: the case of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence.
Authors: Bianchini Carlo , Potestà Giorgia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Whenever an operator approaches the three-dimensional modeling of an architectural object, he always must compose together a series of simple elements. This logic of additive and hierarchical composition finds an excellent application in BIM processes for built heritage, where the operator is called upon not only to compose the architectural elements together but also to break down the architecture by investigating its parts and mutual links. The main difference between the BIM model for new buildings and the existing one lies above all in the concept of the ideal model. In fact, while for the new building the model proceeds from a project and gradually develops with it, in the historical building the only starting point is the current state of the building, told through the surveys and documentation. It is necessary to model an as is, that starts from historical and bibliographic research in the first place, and which is supported by the survey and diagnostic analyses that account for the structure beyond the skin of the building, investigated by the numerical models. Once the model has been created, it can always be implemented with new information coming from further analysis and represent not only the current state of conservation of the artefact but also consider the different evolutions over time. In this context, the proposed research describes the BIM modeling process applied to the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence, trying to clarify the terminologies used in this application and defining an application methodology by stages, based on the decomposition and reconstruction of historical architecture.
The soundscape in cultural heritage
Authors: Bartalucci Chiara , Luzzi Sergio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Soundscape analysis started to be a research field in the late sixties and received significant attention by researchers in the last twenty years. Experts in community noise and environmental acoustics and, more recently, policy makers and practitioners show interest for soundscapes, due to its multidisciplinary approach focusing on how people actually experience their acoustic environments in different indoor and outdoor environments. In 2014 the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) officially defined Soundscape as “acoustic environment as perceived or experienced and/or understood by people, in context”. The peculiarity of the Soundscape approach is that it firstly relies upon human perception and then turns to physical assessment. The study of the soundscape related to cultural heritage is a subject not yet very widespread and deeply investigated by researchers and designers. In this paper, after an introduction about the general soundscape concept and approach, its connection with quiet areas is addressed. Moreover, existing methodologies to deal with the soundscape of cultural heritage are reported, together with the recent trend of archiving sounds considered to be disappeared or lost in memory, to enhance them as the cultural heritage of our society.
Community-based behaviour towards Affordances in Conservation of Hanoi Old Quarter in the Vietnam context
Authors: Minh Hung Ngo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The 36 Old Street Quarter is a downtown area of Hanoi City, which has over 1000 years old and contains such traces of history and architecture. The grid structure gives it a significant character that is a part of the local heritage facing phenomenon of replacing settings of ancient spaces, stoning the streets and concretizing old buildings due to anti-conservative interplay from its users. Therefore, this paper examines the user’s behaviour in optimizing different settings of Hanoi Old Quarter (HOQ) towards conservation efforts. Theoretically, the research was conducted by making use of ‘affordances’ terminology of Gibson (1986/1979) to understand interactions between the spatial settings and its user. Methodologically, the purposeful method of local people and layout-based sketch of the blocks, and analysed images of outdoor and shared places have been employed for three survey sites respectively. The results of community-based behaviours, its patterns and ‘verb-ability’ are fundamental factor to develop ground-up programs on urban and architectural conservation in the Vietnam’s contextualisation.
Disasters and Cultural Heritage: planning for prevention, emergency management and risk reduction
Authors: Grazia De Paoli Rosa , Di Miceli Enrica , Giuliani Francesca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The need to investigate the topic of risk management of cultural heritage and to work on the regulatory framework relating to its protection and enhancement become even more urgent in light of the recent seismic events that hit the Italian territory. The current emergency planning methods against natural or human-induced hazards have proven to be deficient. Reflecting on the way we normally conceive the cultural assets, the question is not only how to protect our heritage, but how to shift our perception to conceive it as a positive asset, and not only a responsibility. Cultural heritage is not only a document of the identity of a community and a territory, but it can also be the keystone for reconstruction and building resilience to disasters. Starting from this awareness, this paper introduces a methodology for the analysis heritage sites aiming at proposing risk reduction strategies that consider the participatory dialogue between different professional figures. The approach is based on the consolidated methodological framework identified by UNESCO, ICCROM and ICOMOS. The study entails a preliminary evaluation of the most hazardous events, threats and risks that can impact on the heritage values. By considering a worst-case scenario, the procedure allows for modelling and stressing the post-event resilience of the site or cultural asset under consideration. The results of the investigation highlight the potential of this procedure in practical terms. In fact, its adaptability to different scales and contexts responds to the common need of a rapid, integrated methodology for risk assessment. Finally, the paper discusses the current prevention policies involving cultural heritage, focusing on the need to balance conservation and active protection issues to those of safety.
Natural biocides and bio-calcite: innovative tools for cultural heritage
Authors: Scrano L. , Laviano R. , Salzano G. , Santacroce M. , De Franchi S.A. , Baranek J. , Bufo S.A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lithic artworks as churches, historical buildings and every usage object are our precious cultural heritage, memory of our past history step needed to build present and future. These artistic heritages with morphological, chemical and physical properties totally dissimilar make they a “unicum”, characterized by a specific vulnerability. Their decay is unavoidable, but it is a challenge for the humankind to protect and preserve them. Thus far, solutions for the safeguard of cultural heritage are usually based on chemical procedures to remove biodeteriogen agents, but these substances can be hazardous to the environment, to public health and to stone materials itself because it is not known about the consequences of repeated applications. Then the restoration methods require innovative approaches, eco-friendly and not harmful to human beings and the environment. Aiming at this objective a deeply study on two rupestrian churches located in Matera (Italy) was carried out in order to prevent and/or control microbial and biological evolution, and to exploit the potential of some bacterial species in the interventions of stone consolidation. Surface analyses of detached rocks to evaluate the (i) stone composition, (ii) isolation and characterization of biological and (iii) microbial colonizers present on the stone surfaces were formerly performed.

In vitro bioactivity test against autotrophic/heterotrophic species isolated was carried out using secondary metabolites extracted from cultivated crops and spontaneous herbs with a strong biocidal activity (extracts from Solanum nigrum, Volutaria lippii, Moricandia arvensis, Pulicaria inuloides). Finally, calcinogenic activity tests employing native bacteria (Bacillus strains) isolated on stone surfaces of the two churches constitute the conclusive research step. Glycoalkaloids inhibited all bacterial strains tested. Some strains of Bacillus to produce the greatest amount of crystals, coherent with the stone substrate, was evidenced. This research highlights the opportunity to change the way of thinking and performing recovery actions for cultural heritage. Not last-minute remediation but continuous monitoring and time by time actions to avoid the formation of aggressive colonisations.
Microclimatic monitoring for book heritage preservation in historic buildings: preliminary investigation on “Sala del Dottorato” in Palazzo Murena, Perugia, Italy
Authors: Moretti Elisa , Sciurpi Fabio , Stamponi Ettore , Fiore Monica 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to ensure the proper conservation of the book heritage, the hygrothermal conditions of the rooms where the books are stored must respect precise ranges of temperature and relative humidity. The paper deals with the study and the optimization of the conservation conditions of the book heritage in historic buildings by a case stud y, namely “Sala del Dottorato”. This room is one of the University of Perugia most exquisite rooms, because of its decorations and the presence of rare and ancient books (27 incunabula; the oldest piece of the collection is an edition of St. Augustine, De Civitate Dei, printed in 1470). The room is located on the first floor of Palazzo Murena and it was originally the monastery library. From the Sixties and up to a few years ago, the room hosted the discussions of PhD final thesis, while now is used to host the most representative meetings of the University. This involves the presence of a significant number of people for a brief period of time, causing the alteration of the environmental parameters. The present study was carried out by an experimental campaign (temperature, relative humidity, CO2) aimed to understand the microclimatic critical issues in order to develop a permanent monitoring system; this system should notify when the microclimatic conditions are out of the range for conservation and people comfort, giving information about the possible actions to restore the correct environmental conditions.
Image enhancement comparison to improve underwater cultural heritage survey
Authors: Malinverni E S , Cerrano C , Pantaleo U , Andreola C , Paolanti M , Chiappini S , Pierdicca R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work aims at presenting an underwater image application to obtain an improved 3D model of cultural assets. In 2016, more than 500 images were acquired by a GoPro Camera with a low resolution of 72 dpi and focal length of 3 mm, without flash and are now used to reconstruct the 3D model of some amphoras of a Roman shipwreck found in Albenga (Italy). We have applied state-of-art image enhancement techniques, such as ACE, CLAHE, LAB and SP algorithms, to improve the quality of underwater images affected by low contrast, poor visibility conditions, not uniform lighting, colour variations, noise and blur effect. The visual quality has been evaluated through quantitative metrics, like average luminance, information entropy, average gradient of image, UCIQE and UIQM. Then, our efforts have been devoted to the dense 3D point cloud generation using a SfM-MVS software. In particular, the 3D reconstruction results are in line with the metric evaluation: in fact, the more accurate 3D objects are obtained from that enhanced dataset with the highest measured image quality.
Use of the sensors of a latest generation mobile phone for the three-dimensional reconstruction of an archaeological monument: the survey of the Intihuatana stone in Machu Picchu (Peru’)
Authors: Baiocchi V , Del Pizzo S , Pugliano G , Onori M , Robustelli U , Troisi S , Vatore F , León Trujillo F J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The survey of archaeological monuments presents particular needs and difficulties. Such surveys must in fact be as complete, geometrically correct and accurately geo-referenced as possible. These needs, however, often face problems of difficult accessibility, the need for rapid timing and complex logistical conditions. The latest generation of mobile phones are equipped with ultra-high resolution cameras up to 100 megapixel. Although they do not have the geometric characteristics of professional cameras, they can be used advantageously for the reconstruction of three-dimensional models using Structure from Motion methodologies . At the same time, the latest mobile phones are equipped with GPS/GNSS chips that allow a postprocessing of their positioning allowing to reach decimetric/centimetric accuracies. The use of sensors integrated in a mobile phone greatly simplify the survey both in terms of transportability but also in terms of authorizations by the competent authorities as the equipment is exactly the same that most tourists who visit the sites themselves bring with them. The approach proposed and made possible by these combined features in a latest generation mobile phone have been tested for a rapid survey of the Intihuatana stone in Machu Picchu (Peru), a site with considerable logistical and organizing complexity.
A Multi-Hazard Platform for Cultural Heritage at Risk: The STORM Risk Assessment and Management Tool
Authors: Ravankhah M , Chliaoutakis A , Revez M J , de Wit R , Argyriou A V , Anwar A , Heeley J , Birkmann J , Sarris A , Žuvela-Aloise M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In response to the adverse effects of natural hazards and climate change threats on cultural heritage, a methodology of risk assessment and management was developed and applied to five pilot sites: the Historical Centre of Rethymno in Greece, the Mellor Heritage Project in the United Kingdom, the Roman Ruins of Tróia in Portugal, the Baths of Diocletian in Italy, and the Ancient City of Ephesus in Turkey. According to the methodology, a practical and easy-to-use tool was implemented to help the end-users in managing the impacts of natural hazards and climate change on their cultural heritage sites. The tool comprises three major phases: Site Hazard Assessment, Risk Assessment, and Risk Management Strategies. It assists site managers and experts to identify sudden- and slow-onset natural hazards and climate change threats and to assess their corresponding risks to different areas of the pilot sites. The tool is linked to a web-GIS service, which is capable of providing hazard and risk information and maps for each pilot site. The module Risk Management Strategies enables the user to define risk treatment strategies and associated measures in response to each hazard. Overall, the tool facilitates a shared understanding of the risk data and maps among the multiple stakeholders engaged in the protection of cultural heritage sites to enable a more effective decision-making process.
A novel tool for assessing microbiomes in cultural heritage documents
Authors: Giorgio Righetti Pier , Zilberstein Gleb , Zilberstein Svetlana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This mini-review reports a novel way for exploring the world Cultural Heritage, in the absence of damage or contamination of the items under investigation, called the EVA technique. It is based on films of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) impregnated with strong anion and cation exchangers and hydrophobic resins, C8 and C18. When in contact with any surface these films can harvest nano-moles of macromolecules as well as metabolites, which can then be identified by standard instrumentation (e.g. mass spectrometry). Some applications related to microbial contaminations are reported, such as the findings of Koch bacterium in Chekhov’s shirt and in a letter by Orwell to a Russian journal editor as well as the Y. pestis and anthrax bacteria in the death registries of Milan’s lazaretto in the 1630 plague bout. Novel findings are offered too, such as the identifications of three different strains of Aspergillus in the Aleppo Codex and the detection of melanin (produced by A. niger) in the Dead Sea Scrolls. It is hoped that the present methodology could open the doors of museums, state archives and private collections for detecting biological traces left by artists, literates and men of culture in their masterpieces.
Influence of marine corrosion on the roughness of MAG welded joint surfaces
Authors: Florescu S N , Gheonea M C , Mihailescu D , Teodor V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study presents in the first part the behavior of the EH 36 steel with the thickness of 10 mm to MAG mechanized welding of butt-welded joints from the naval field, destructive and non-destructive testing for all welded samples. Furthermore, corrosion of the marine environment is analyzed by the electrochemical method. The study is completed with the corrosion influence on the roughness of the welded joints surfaces and conclusions.
Research on the optimization of stress relief holes applied in blanks used for body-in-white stamping parts with complex asymmetrical shapes
Authors: Mihaila F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Increasing the degree of deformation when stamping body-in-white parts with complex asymmetrical shapes can be achieved by optimizing the discharge holes in the flange of the blank. For this purpose, the numerical simulation of the deep-drawing process with finite element is used. Considering the circular shape of the unloading hole, the expanded shape of this hole is determined using the FEM, taking into account the safety limit given by the final shape of the stamped part. To check that the deformation that occurs at the edge of the expanded hole not cause cracks in the part the area with deformations whose values exceed the permissible limit is delimited. The arc that stretches this area along the contour of the expanded hole is divided into a convenient number of equal segments. The points at the end of each segment are then translated on the edge of unloading hole by measuring the distances between these points on the expanded blank hole. Using a mathematical modelling of the allocated points on the contour of the unloading orifice, the corrected shape of this orifice is determined, which is perforated in the flat blank.