bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonequilibrium ionization and ambipolar diffusion in solar magnetic flux emergence processes
Authors: Nóbrega-Siverio D. , Moreno-Insertis F. , Martínez-Sykora J. , Carlsson M. , Szydlarski M. 
Published: December 2019

Context.Magnetic flux emergence from the solar interior has been shown to be a key mechanism for unleashing a wide variety of phenomena. However, there are still open questions concerning the rise of the magnetized plasma through the atmosphere, mainly in the chromosphere, where the plasma departs from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and is partially ionized.Aims.We aim to investigate the impact of the nonequilibrium (NEQ) ionization and recombination and molecule formation of hydrogen, as well as ambipolar diffusion, on the dynamics and thermodynamics of the flux emergence process.Methods.Using the radiation-magnetohydrodynamic Bifrost code, we performed 2.5D numerical experiments of magnetic flux emergence from the convection zone up to the corona. The experiments include the NEQ ionization and recombination of atomic hydrogen, the NEQ formation and dissociation of H2molecules, and the ambipolar diffusion term of the generalized Ohm’s law.Results.Our experiments show that the LTE assumption substantially underestimates the ionization fraction in most of the emerged region, leading to an artificial increase in the ambipolar diffusion and, therefore, in the heating and temperatures as compared to those found when taking the NEQ effects on the hydrogen ion population into account. We see that LTE also overestimates the number density of H2molecules within the emerged region, thus mistakenly magnifying the exothermic contribution of the H2molecule formation to the thermal energy during the flux emergence process. We find that the ambipolar diffusion does not significantly affect the amount of total unsigned emerged magnetic flux, but it is important in the shocks that cross the emerged region, heating the plasma on characteristic times ranging from 0.1 to 100 s. We also briefly discuss the importance of including elements heavier than hydrogen in the equation of state so as not to overestimate the role of ambipolar diffusion in the atmosphere.
Cardiorespiratory Changes During Prolonged Downhill Versus Uphill Treadmill Exercise
Authors: Garnier Yoann , Lepers Romuald , Assadi Hervé , Paizis Christos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOxygen uptake (V̇O2), heart rate (HR), energy cost (EC) and oxygen pulse are lower during downhill compared to level or uphill locomotion. However, a change in oxygen pulse and EC during prolonged grade exercise is not well documented. This study investigated changes in cardiorespiratory responses and EC during 45-min grade exercises. Nine male healthy volunteers randomly ran at 75% HR reserve during 45-min exercise in a level (+1%), uphill (+15%) or downhill (−15%) condition. V̇O2
, minute ventilation (V̇E
) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) were recorded continuously with 5-min averaging between the 10th and 15th min (T1) and 40th and 45th min (T2). For a similar HR (157±3 bpm), V̇O2
, V̇E
, and PetCO2 were lower during downhill compared to level and uphill conditions (p<0.01). V̇O2
and V̇E
decreased similarly from T1 to T2 for all conditions (all p<0.01), while PetCO2 decreased only for the downhill condition (p<0.001). Uphill exercise required greater EC compared to level and downhill exercises. EC decreased only during the uphill condition between T1 and T2 (p<0.01). The lowest V̇O2
and EC during downhill exercise compared to uphill and level exercises suggests the involvement of passive elastic structures in force production during downhill. The lower cardiorespiratory response and the reduction in PetCO2 during downhill running exercise, while EC remained constant, suggests an overdrive ventilation pattern likely due to a greater stimulation of efferent neural factors.
Correlation of Radiomorphometric Indices of the Mandible and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Due to Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Queiroz Stenio Medeiros , Andrade Ana Luiza Dias Leite De , Oliveira Patrícia Teixeira De , Leite Maia Paulo Raphael , Oliveira Ângelo Giuseppe Roncalli Da Costa , Almeida Freitas Roseana De , Galvão Hébel Cavalcanti 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective The aim was to correlate radiomorphometric indices and biochemical analyses as an auxiliary method in bone evaluation in male and female patients with chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) and controls.
Materials and Methods Nine radiomorphometric indices and four biochemical parameters were obtained: mental index (MI), height at the mental foramen, total mandibular height (THM), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), original height of the mandible, alveolar bone resorption, distance from the mental foramen to the alveolar bone crest (MF-ABC), mandibular cortical index (MCI), trabecular bone pattern, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and Ca × P product (Ca × P).Statistical Analysis The Mann–Whitney U-test, chi-squared test, and Spearman’s correlation were applied at a significance level of 95%.
Results There was a moderate negative and significant correlation between MI, PMI, and PTH in female patients with CKD-MBD as well as between THM, MF-ABC, and Ca × P. The MCI and trabecular bone pattern indicated altered bone quality in male patients.
Conclusions The radiomorphometric evaluation was an auxiliary, noninvasive method to detect possible alterations in the cortex and mandibular bone trabeculation in male and female patients with CKD-MBD.
Relational Model between Parental Dental Belief and Formation of Dental Fear among Preschool Children in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Arlette Suzy , Kendhawati Lenny , Agustiani Hendriati 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective Parents’ behavior and belief can strongly impact preschool children. Parents play an important role in the formation of dental fear. The aim of the research is to analyze parental dental belief model as a source of dental fear among preschool children.
Materials and Methods The research was undertaken at 15 kindergartens in Bandung City, Indonesia, which were chosen by means of multistage cluster random sampling. The participants of the research were parents and children aged 3 to 6. The research involved analysis of quantitative data to assess the relational model between parental dental belief and the formation of dental fear among children. While parental dental belief was measured using the Dental Belief Scale, children’s dental fear was measured using the Indonesian transadaptation of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale based on parents’ report. The results were analyzed statistically by using structural equation modeling which is a combination of regression and factor analysis.
Results The results indicate that the direct effect structural model of parental dental belief significantly fit the formation of dental fear among children in Bandung (t-value = 2.41).
Conclusion The research concludes that parents’ perception and behavior—the latter contributing more—correlate with the formation of dental fear among preschool children.
Clinical and Esthetical Evaluation of 79 Lithium Disilicate Multilayered Anterior Veneers with a Medium Follow-Up of 3 Years
Authors: Malchiodi Luciano , Zotti Francesca , Moro Tommaso , De Santis Daniele , Albanese Massimo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives Primary aim of this study was to evaluate survival rate of lithium disilicate veneers in upper and lower anterior teeth. Secondary aims were to evaluate changing in proportions of teeth before and after restorations and to assess mean thickness of the veneers.
Materials and Methods Seventy-nine upper and lower lithium disilicate veneers were made in 13 patients with worn teeth. Mean follow-up was 3 years. To perform anterior definitive rehabilitations, malocclusions and loss of vertical dimension were treated by full mouth rehabilitations to obtain proper occlusal conditions. Veneers were made of lithium disilicate core and fluorapatite-based ceramic stratification. Survival rate was calculated by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Changing in teeth proportion before and after restorations was analyzed by a paired t-test. Descriptive statistics of thickness values were also performed.
Results One case of detachment was observed with a 98.7% survival rate. Teeth’s proportions were preserved although the first upper right incisor and canine changed in dimension.
Conclusions Lithium disilicate veneers in esthetical rehabilitations of worn teeth proved to be an effective way of treatment in a medium follow-up of 3 years. Proportions seemed to be maintained with a minimum dental removal.
Cardiac Imaging: OCT
Authors: Shah Hetan C. , Shejol Sumit R. , Jhala Malav D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction Intracoronary imaging by means of optimal coherence tomography (OCT) provides valuable incremental information that can be used clinically to optimize stent implantation and minimize stent-related problems. Over the past decades, OCT has progressively evolved with respect to technical performance and procedural aspects.
Principle OCT is a fiberoptic wire with a rotating lens emitting near infrared (1,300 nm) light and records the light reflected from the tissue. The currently used Fourier domain-OCT allows superior image quality and faster image acquisition.
OCT in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) It helps in accurate detection of actual event leading to ACS among plaque rupture, plaque erosion, and calcified nodule. OCT has an advantage over intravascular ultrasound for identification of vulnerable plaque and also detection of thin cap fibroatheroma < 65 µm.
Clinical Utility OCT helps in diagnosis of an angiographically ambiguous lesion such as dissection, thrombus, and calcified nodule. It also helps in planning different aspects of percutaneous coronary intervention such as lesion preparation, determining stent size and length and also helps in optimization of results of stent deployment.Certain nonatherosclerotic events such as coronary arteritis can be diagnosed with OCT.Continued advancement in technology, faster image acquisition, and more sophisticated coregistered image analysis will facilitate greater adoption through ease of use and interpretation.
Comparative Study of 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate Ointment for Pain Reduction after Hemorrhoidectomy Surgery
Authors: Vahabi Sepideh , Beiranvand Siavash , Karimi Arash , Moradkhani Mahmoudreza 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Context Hemorrhoid is one of the most common diseases in both, men and women, affecting half of the world's population over the age of 50.
Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of local ointment of glyceryl trinitrate ointment (GTN) after hemorrhoidectomy.
Methods and Materials In this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the patients were grouped as the treatment, that is GTN, and placebo (P) group. After surgery, 0.2% gelatin GTN ointment (250 mg), and P ointment (n = 20 for each group) were applied topically on 1 cm on the anus using a standard ruler, three times a week in respective groups. visual analog scale was used to assess the intensity of the pain and complications of the drugs were observed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours.
Statistical Analysis Used Data and questionnaires were analyzed statistically using SPSS17 software and results were recorded in the tabular form.
Results Six hours after the application of the ointment, no significant difference was found among the groups, however, after 12, 18, and 24 hours significant reduction in pain was seen in GTN group, which was least after 18 hours. The mean values of the total pain score in the first 24 hours after surgery in the GTN group were 3.15 and 5.45 in the P group which were statistically significant. Nonetheless, headache was significantly increased in the GTN group.
Conclusion Simple and safe topical GTN ointment can reduce the pain after hemorrhoidectomy, leading to the reduced need of other analgesics.
Reorienting rabies research and practice: Lessons from India
Authors: Srinivasan Krithika , Kurz Tim , Kuttuva Pradeep , Pearson Chris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, we reflect on the institutional and everyday realities of people-street dog relations in India to develop a case for decolonised approaches to rabies and other zoonoses. Dog-mediated rabies in Asia and Africa continues be a major concern in transnational public health agendas despite extensive research and knowledge on its prevention. In India, which carries 35% of the global rabies burden and has large street dog populations, One Health-oriented dog population management programmes have been central to the control of this zoonotic disease. Yet, rabies continues to be a significant problem in the country. In this article, we address this impasse in rabies research and practice through investigations of interactions between people, policy, and street dogs. Drawing primarily on field and archival research in Chennai city, we track how street dogs are perceived by people, explore how these animals have come into interface with (public) health concerns over time, and examine the biosocial conditions that frame people-dog conflict (and thereby rabies). These analyses create a picture of the multidimensional character of people-dog relations to offer new insights on why One Health-oriented rabies initiatives have not borne out their full promise. In effect, the article makes a case for a shift in public health orientations—away from intervening on these animals as vectors to be managed, and towards enabling multispecies habitats. This, we argue, requires the decolonisation of approaches to dog-mediated rabies, and expanded conceptions of ‘healthy more-than-human publics’. In conclusion, the article chalks out broader implications for public health approaches to zoonoses in a world marked by mutual risk and vulnerability that cuts across human and nonhuman animals.
Coordination over a unique medium of exchange under information scarcity
Authors: Nioche Aurélien , Garcia Basile , Lefebvre Germain , Boraud Thomas , Rougier Nicolas P. , Bourgeois-Gironde Sacha 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeveral micro-founded macroeconomic models with rational expectations address the issue of money emergence, by characterizing it as a coordination game. These models have in common the use of agents who dispose of perfect or near-perfect information on the global state of the economy and who display full-fledged computational abilities. Several experimental studies have shown that a simple trial-and-error learning process could constitute an explanation for how agents coordinate on a single mean of exchange. However, these studies provide subjects with full information regarding the state of the economy while restricting the number of goods in circulation to three. In this study, by the mean of multi-agent simulations and human experiments, we test the hypothesis according to which coordination over a unique medium of exchange is possible in the context of information scarcity. In our experimental design, subjects and artificial agents are only aware of the outcome of their own decisions. We provide results for economies with 3 and 4 goods to evaluate to which extent it is possible to generalize results obtained with 3 goods to $$n$$n goods. Our findings show that in an economy à la Iwai, commodity money can emerge under drastic information restrictions with three goods in circulation, but generalization to four or more goods is not guaranteed.
Sharing the same languages helps us work better together
Authors: Yow W. Quin , Lim Tony Zhao Ming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCollaborative problem-solving, the mutual engagement of people in a coordinated effort to solve a problem together, plays a critical role in the increasingly complex, linguistically diverse, and interconnected world. In particular, being able to communicate in the same languages provides a critical platform for facilitating problem solving among members of a multilingual team. Little research has explored whether sharing the same spoken languages would boost collaborative problem-solving over and beyond the effects of possible confounding variables such as language proficiency, personality, ethnicity, nationality, and non-verbal intelligence. This study manipulated the sharing of same languages by pairing 118 English-speaking bilingual participants either with someone who shares the same two spoken languages as themselves (English-same pair) or with someone who differs in one language (English-different pair). We explored whether such sharing of the same languages enhances collaborative problem-solving in multilingual pairs. Participants completed the Raven’s Matrices individually, as well as an insight problem-solving task (Triangle of Coins task) and a divergent thinking task (Mind-mapping) in pairs. English-same pairs performed better than English-different pairs in the insight problem-solving task but not in the divergent thinking task. English-different pairs collaborated (mean number of turns per minute) and communicated (mean number of utterances) more than English-same pairs in the divergent thinking task, although the effect of pair type on communication was fully mediated by a difference in ethnicity within pairs. More collaboration could have been needed between English-different pairs in the divergent thinking task to achieve comparable performance as English-same pairs, possibly due to the different communication processes experienced by English-different pairs. This study provides insights to the role of sharing spoken languages in enhancing collaborative problem-solving in small multilingual groups.
Smad7 in intestinal CD4+T cells determines autoimmunity in a spontaneous model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Haupeltshofer Steffen , Leichsenring Teresa , Berg Sarah , Pedreiturria Xiomara , Joachim Stephanie C. , Tischoff Iris , Otte Jan-Michel , Bopp Tobias , Fantini Massimo C. , Esser Charlotte , Willbold Dieter , Gold Ralf , Faissner Simon , Kleiter Ingo 
Published: December 2019

SignificanceMechanisms leading to initiation of the autoimmune disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) are still elusive. Environmental triggers acting at barrier organs such as the intestine could contribute to local activation of autoreactive lymphocytes and consecutive migration to the CNS. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the TGF-beta inhibitor Smad7 in intestinal CD4+T cells of mice lowered the threshold for autoimmunity and favored expansion and migration of inflammatory T cells. In contrast, specific deletion of Smad7 in CD4+T cells mediated protection toward development of autoimmunity via regulatory CD4+T cell differentiation and anergy. A dysregulation of TGF-beta/Smad7 signaling was also found in intestinal biopsies from MS patients, indicating a contribution of the intestinal barrier in the immunopathology of MS.
A high-performance refractive index sensor based on a triangular-lattice photonic crystal with defect and surface modes
Authors: Cui Ting , Liu Xing , Zhou Lin , Feng Shuai , Chen Xiao , Guo Honglian , Li Chuanbo , Wang Yiquan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The refractive index sensing capabilities of a 2D triangular-lattice photonic crystal (PhC) with defective and surface modes are studied. These are composed of silicon columns arranged in a liquid environment. Through changing the rods’ shape on the PhC’s surface from a circle to an ellipse and optimizing the sizes of two adjacent ellipses, the surface localized mode can be generated. Combining the central defective mode with surface modes, an ultra-small three-working-wavelength PhC refractive index sensor is proposed. The shift of the resonant wavelengths influenced by the slight alteration of the protein’s thickness attached by the special rods is studied, and it is found that a minimum alteration of the protein’s thickness of about 4 nm can be distinguished, and a maximum refractive index sensitivity of 0.516 is obtained. Three kinds of analytes can be detected in real-time and at the same time, which are bounded around the input/output surfaces and the central rods through biological specific binding.
A study of flat stick bamboo microwave absorber performance
Authors: Mohd Kasim L , Abdullah@Idris H , Ahmad Suffian A S , Mohamad Noor N , Mohamat Kasim N , Ahmad A , Ismail N A , Razali A R , Taib M N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Microwave absorber able to inhibit the reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Microwave absorbers are used in an anechoic chamber along with its wall, ceiling and floor for the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) evaluation. This research is to develop a flat shape of biomass absorbers using an agricultural material. The main material used in constructing the flat absorber is a natural bamboo. The flat shaped absorber is chosen because it could reach the standard set in the specified industry and suitable to be used in the microwave frequency range. Cylindrical bamboo with different radius have been used for this study. Radius 0.2 cm for Design 1 and 1 cm for Design 2. The range of frequencies are set in the range from 1 GHz to 12 GHz. The result of microwave absorber is analyzed for its absorption performance. The generated result from the technique shows that the flat stick bamboo microwave absorber operates the best in Design 2 with 34.9% of absorption performance compared with Design 1. The overall results in different angles for both designs are analyze and compared.
Interaction of mineralogical content with engineering properties of selected weathered Semanggol formation mudrocks
Authors: Albar A , Osman M H , Kamaruddin M H , Hasan D , Dollah Z 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A comprehensive study of rock properties is crucial to investigate and characterize the behavior of rock when it undergoes multiple loading and stresses. The properties of rocks are heavily influenced by weathering grade and the composition of minerals which indicates the hardness, swelling potential and abrasiveness, therefore give an effect on the strength and the durability of rocks. The interaction between mineralogy and engineering properties are significantly important for the engineer to fully understand the behavior of mudrock for further application especially in Malaysia. Selected weathered mudrocks from Bukit Kukus Kedah, a part of Semanggol formation were characterized for physical, mechanical and mineral properties. The result shows the degree of weathering influenced the physical and mechanical properties of mudrock. The sample with low porosity and high density possessed highest slake durability index of 91.43%. X-Ray diffraction revealed two of the sample tested were consists of goethite and quartz. The sample presence with goethite is higher in durability compare to sample consists of quartz only due to the cementation effect and denser minerals.