bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dipeptide tyrosyl-leucine exhibits antidepressant-like activity in mice
Authors: Mizushige Takafumi , Uchida Tomoki , Ohinata Kousaku 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDepression is a worldwide health problem. In the present study, we found that a dipeptide, tyrosyl leucine (Tyr-Leu, YL), administered orally, intracerebroventricularly, or intraperitoneally exhibited a potent antidepressant-like activity in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in naïve mice. YL increased the amount of cells expressing c-Fos, a marker for neuronal activity, in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. YL increased bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-positive cells and doublecortin expression in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, suggesting that YL enhanced the proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells in vivo and in vitro. YL did not affect hippocampal mRNA and protein expression of BDNF, which is a regulatory factor of both neurogenesis and depression-like behavior. Intriguingly, YL suppressed activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis by forced swim stress. Moreover, other aromatic amino acid-leucines, Phe-Leu and Trp-Leu, also exhibited antidepressant-like activities, suggesting that the structure of aromatic amino acid-leucine may be important for antidepressant activity. In addition, bovine milk casein-derived peptide, Tyr-Leu-Gly (YLG), an anxiolytic peptide, exhibited an antidepressant-like activity. Our findings demonstrate that YL exhibits an antidepressant-like effect, moderates the stress response, and induces hippocampal neuronal proliferation through a signal pathway independent of BDNF.
Effect of Serum 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D Level on Isotretinoin-Induced Musculoskeletal Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mülkoğlu Cevriye , Karaosmanoğlu Nermin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIsotretinoin (ISO) is a drug which is used for the treatment of severe and refractory acne vulgaris (AV), over the last few decades. The drug has various musculoskeletal side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between serum 25 hydroxy (OH) vitamin D levels and the ISO-induced musculoskeletal side effects in patients with AV. We included 87 patients receiving ISO and had musculoskeletal symptoms as adverse effect (AE) group. Another 90 patients receiving ISO for AV and had any musculoskeletal complaints were recruited as control (C) group. Locomotor system examination of the patients was performed by the same clinician. Serum 25 OH vitamin D levels of the all participants were measured. Patients in the AE group were divided into three subgroups by serum 25 OH vitamin D levels. Patients with serum 25 OH vitamin D level lower than 10 ng/ml was classified as Group I, the ones between 10–20 ng/ml as Group II and those higher than 20 ng/ml were classified as Group III. AE and C groups were similar in terms of age and sex (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean serum vitamin D levels between two groups (p = 0.17). Also, there was no significant difference in number of arthralgia (p = 0.30), myalgia (p = 0.29), low back pain (p = 0.10) and sacroiliitis (p = 0.17) between three subgroups in AE group. In addition, we found no statistically significant correlation between the serum vitamin D levels and age, cumulative dose of ISO, arthralgia, myalgia and sacroiliitis parameters in AE group (p > 0.05). Serum 25 OH vitamin D levels between the AE and C groups were similar. We also found that no significant difference in musculoskeletal adverse events between AE subgroups. Therefore, it can be concluded that vitamin D deficiency has no effect on the musculoskeletal adverse events in patients receiving ISO.
Genetic Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Grain Iron and Zinc Concentrations in a Doubled Haploid Population of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Calayugan Mark Ian C. , Formantes Andrea Kariza , Amparado Amery , Descalsota-Empleo Gwen Iris , Nha Chau Thanh , Inabangan-Asilo Mary Ann , Swe Zin Mar , Hernandez Jose E. , Borromeo Teresita H. , Lalusin Antonio G. , Mendioro Merlyn S. , Diaz Ma. Genaleen Q. , Viña Celia B. dela , Reinke Russell , Swamy B. P. Mallikarjuna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe development of micronutrient dense rice varieties with good agronomic traits is one of the sustainable and cost-effective approaches for reducing malnutrition. Identification of QTLs for high grain Fe and Zn, yield and yield components helps in precise and faster development of high Fe and Zn rice. We carried out a three-season evaluation using IR05F102 x IR69428 derived doubled-haploid population at IRRI. Inclusive composite interval mapping was carried out using SNP markers and Best Linear Unbiased Estimates of the phenotypic traits. A total of 23 QTLs were identified for eight agronomic traits and grain Fe and Zn concentration that explained 7.2 to 22.0% PV. A QTL by environment interaction analysis confirmed the stability of nine QTLs, including two QTLs for Zn on chromosomes 5 and 12. One epistatic interaction for plant height was significant with 28.4% PVE. Moreover, five QTLs were identified for Fe and Zn that harbor several candidate genes, e.g. OsZIP6 on QTL qZn5.1. A number of QTLs were associated with a combination of greater yield and increased grain Zn levels. These results are useful for development of new rice varieties with good agronomic traits and high grain Zn using MAS, and identification of genetic resources with the novel QTLs for grain Zn.
Perceptual bias is reduced with longer reaction times during visual discrimination
Authors: Dekel Ron , Sagi Dov 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFast and slow decisions exhibit distinct behavioral properties, such as the presence of decision bias in faster but not slower responses. This dichotomy is currently explained by assuming that distinct cognitive processes map to separate brain mechanisms. Here, we suggest an alternative single-process account based on the stochastic properties of decision processes. Our experimental results show perceptual biases in a variety of tasks (specifically: learned priors, tilt aftereffect, and tilt illusion) that are much reduced with increasing reaction time. To account for this, we consider a simple yet general explanation: prior and noisy decision-related evidence are integrated serially, with evidence and noise accumulating over time (as in the standard drift diffusion model). With time, owing to noise accumulation, the prior effect is predicted to diminish. This illustrates that a clear behavioral separation—presence vs. absence of bias—may reflect a simple stochastic mechanism.
Repeating fast radio bursts with WSRT/Apertif
Authors: Oostrum L. C. , Maan Y. , van Leeuwen J. , Connor L. , Petroff E. , Attema J. J. , Bast J. E. , Gardenier D. W. , Hargreaves J. E. , Kooistra E. , van der Schuur D. , Sclocco A. , Smits R. , Straal S. M. , ter Veen S. , Vohl D. , Adams E. A. K. , Adebahr B. , de Blok W. J. G. , van den Brink R. H. , van Cappellen W. A. , Coolen A. H. W. M. , Damstra S. , van Diepen G. N. J. , Frank B. S. , Hess K. M. , van der Hulst J. M. , Hut B. , Ivashina M. V. , Loose G. M. , Lucero D. M. , Mika Á. , Morganti R. H. , Moss V. A. , Mulder H. , Norden M. J. , Oosterloo T. A. , Orrú E. , de Reijer J. P. R. , Ruiter M. , Vermaas N. J. , Wijnholds S. J. , Ziemke J. 
Published: February 2020

Context. Repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) present excellent opportunities to identify FRB progenitors and host environments as well as to decipher the underlying emission mechanism. Detailed studies of repeating FRBs might also hold clues as to the origin of FRBs as a population.
Aims. We aim to detect bursts from the first two repeating FRBs, FRB 121102 (R1) and FRB 180814.J0422+73 (R2), and to characterise their repeat statistics. We also want to significantly improve the sky localisation of R2 and identify its host galaxy.
Methods. We used the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope to conduct extensive follow-up of these two repeating FRBs. The new phased-array feed system, Apertif, allows one to cover the entire sky position uncertainty of R2 with fine spatial resolution in a single pointing. The data were searched for bursts around the known dispersion measures of the two sources. We characterise the energy distribution and the clustering of detected R1 bursts.
Results. We detected 30 bursts from R1. The non-Poissonian nature is clearly evident from the burst arrival times, which is consistent with earlier claims. Our measurements indicate a dispersion measure (DM) of 563.5(2) pc cm−3, suggesting a significant increase in DM over the past few years. Assuming a constant position angle across the burst, we place an upper limit of 8% on the linear polarisation fraction for the brightest burst in our sample. We did not detect any bursts from R2.
Conclusions. A single power-law might not fit the R1 burst energy distribution across the full energy range or widely separated detections. Our observations provide improved constraints on the clustering of R1 bursts. Our stringent upper limits on the linear polarisation fraction imply a significant depolarisation, either intrinsic to the emission mechanism or caused by the intervening medium at 1400 MHz, which is not observed at higher frequencies. The non-detection of any bursts from R2, despite nearly 300 h of observations, implies either a highly clustered nature of the bursts, a steep spectral index, or a combination of the two assuming that the source is still active. Another possibility is that R2 has turned off completely, either permanently or for an extended period of time.
Erosive pustulöse Dermatose der Kopfhaut
Authors: Vorobyev A. , Zillikens D. , Kahle B. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungAusgedehnte erosive Hautveränderungen an der Kopfhaut älterer Menschen können ein therapeutisches Problem darstellen. Auch die diagnostische Einordnung dieser Veränderungen kann eine Herausforderung darstellen. Wir berichten über den Fall eines 83-jährigen Patienten mit seit mehreren Jahren rezidivierenden Erosionen am Kapillitium. Unter dem Verdacht auf epitheliale Neoplasien waren bereits mehrere Hautbiopsien entnommen worden, die meist unspezifische Entzündungen zeigten. Nur bei einzelnen Läsionen waren oberflächliche, initial invasive epitheliale Tumore nachgewiesen worden. Unter lokalen antiseptischen Maßnahmen und einer photodynamischen Therapie heilten diese Läsionen ab.
Implementierung von aktivierenden pflegerischen Konzepten für Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Morgenstern Ulrike 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungMenschen mit Demenz haben einen Anspruch darauf, optimal versorgt und in ihren Ressourcen gefördert zu werden. Hierzu existieren zahlreiche Konzepte, zum Beispiel die „Aktivierung mit Brain-Gym®“. Doch wie können Fachkräfte optimal geschult werden, damit sie diese Aktivierungen auch im Pflegealltag umsetzen? Und wie bereit sind Pflegeeinrichtungen, solche Konzepte nachhaltig zu implementieren? Eine Studie gibt Antworten.
Basic Understanding of Temporomandibular Joint and Its Dysfunction among Undergraduate Students—A Survey Report
Authors: Dandekeri Shilpa , Kavassery pooja B. , Hegde Chethan , Kumar Sowmya M. , Shetty Bharathraj 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Temporomandibular disorder is the most commonly occurring type of orofacial pain. A general dental practitioner must be able to recognize and distinguish pain related to the joint to be capable of providing treatment or send for a referral. This survey was undertaken to test the undergraduate students in their residency program to analyze their skills in basic understanding and diagnostic capability relevant to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder.
Materials and Methods A total of 110 dental students undergoing their residency program in the institute of A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences were selected. They were given a questionnaire pro forma to fill out which included questions regarding the anatomy, physiology, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment plan of TMJ disorders.
Results Note that 71.75% ± 6.13% of students answered anatomy questions correctly, 46.6% ± 28% answered physiology questions correctly, 34.67% ± 5.5% answered pathology questions correctly, 23.67% ± 2.5% answered diagnosis questions correctly, and 27.25% ± 15.8% answered questions of treatment plan correctly. Note that 100% of them understood the importance of TMJ in dentistry.
Conclusion This shows that there is an awareness about the basic understanding of the TMJ; however, to be able to clinically apply the knowledge and diagnose a disorder of TMJ, more than half of the participants were unacquainted of it and the curriculum should stress on improvement of this understanding at the undergraduate level itself.
Relation of Menarche, and Breast and Ovarian Cancer in Women
Authors: Bareppady Sunanda , Nayak Sabitha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCancer is one of the leading causes of death in India and it has become an important public health problem, with more than 800,000 new cases being reported every year. In India, the most frequent cancers usually seen among women are those of cervix, uterus, breast, ovary, lip, oral cavity, and esophagus. Among these, breast and ovarian cancer are seen frequently in Indian women. The study is aimed at finding the relationship of menarche with breast and ovarian cancer, and also determining the association between types of cancer and selected demographic variables. A descriptive study was conducted on a sample consisting of 100 participants at the Justice K.S Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangaluru. The result showed that majority (56%) of the sample experienced their first menarche at less than 13 years and had no family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Among the 100 women, 62% were diagnosed with breast cancer. There is a significant association between types of cancer and age. The p-value is 0.027 at (p < 0.05) level of significance. The study concluded that there is a significant association between types of cancer with age.
A stairheid rammy
Authors: McKay Fiona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article explores the mediated representation of gender in the Scottish public sphere during the independence referendum in 2014. In particular, it focuses on a media sample drawn from the Scottish press that centres on two key political figures, Johann Lamont and Nicola Sturgeon, who took part in a televised debate during the campaign. Using critical discourse analysis, it looks at how language is used to construct overlapping discourses of gender in a specific cultural and national context. Findings show representations pivot on expectations that female politicians should embody a specific feminised style; and when gender norms appear to be violated, this is represented in negatively gendered terms. Though there is evidence of contestation of male-dominated politics, discourses still reify traditional gender norms and situate women as outsiders to the political sphere. This study shows how specific discursive frames can contribute to a cross-cultural practice of gendering women in politics.
Developing a mathematical model to predict energy expenditure while bouncing on a trampoline
Authors: Alexander Keith , Clement Tane , Draper Nick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTrampolining has become a popular recreational activity, but currently no method exists by which energy expenditure can be indirectly measured while bouncing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce a model to measure energy expenditure while bouncing on a trampoline. To achieve this, the study was completed in two stages. First, a model was developed which calculated the energy absorbed by the trampoline for a known weight. This was achieved using drop tests on a trampoline. Second, the efficiency of energy conversion while trampolining was measured. This involved healthy adults bouncing on a trampoline while energy expenditure was recorded using a gas analyser. The combined datasets from the two parts allowed the formation of a model which can predict energy expenditure while bouncing on a trampoline using only the user's weight as an input. This model can now be used with an on‐trampoline measurement method to track energy expenditure while jumping, thereby facilitating the use of trampolines for health and fitness.
Controlling photocurrent channels in scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Schröder Benjamin , Bunjes Ole , Wimmer Lara , Kaiser Katharina , Traeger Georg A , Kotzott Thomas , Ropers Claus , Wenderoth Martin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We investigate photocurrents driven by femtosecond laser excitation of a (sub)-nanometer tunnel junction in an ultrahigh vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The optically driven charge transfer is revealed by tip retraction curves showing a current contribution for exceptionally large tip-sample distances, evidencing a strongly reduced effective barrier height for photoexcited electrons at higher energies. Our measurements demonstrate that the magnitude of the photo-induced electron transport can be controlled by the laser power as well as the applied bias voltage. In contrast, the decay constant of the photocurrent is only weakly affected by these parameters. Stable STM operation with photoelectrons is demonstrated by acquiring constant current topographies. An effective non-equilibrium electron distribution as a consequence of multiphoton absorption is deduced by the analysis of the photocurrent using a one-dimensional potential barrier model.
Local growth of planar rhombus tilings
Authors: Fernique Thomas , Galanov Ilya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper is motivated by the issue of quasicrystal growth. It describes a simple local algorithm which appears to grow an infinite family of aperiodic tilings. Starting from a seed, tiles are added one by one at randomly chosen sites. A tile is added only if there is only one way to do this so that no forbidden local configuration is created. This algorithm rapidly grows large round-shaped patterns, up to a proportion of missing tiles which can be made arbitrarily small by taking a large enough seed.
From a single slit to periodic, modulated, and quasiperiodic crystals – a physical space diffraction analysis of aperiodic systems
Authors: Strzałka Radosław , Bugański Ireneusz , Śmietańska Joanna , Wolny Janusz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Using a statistical approach to diffraction analysis, it was shown that the scale of difficulty in the analysis of the diffraction image of a one-dimensional quasicrystal is not significantly different from the analysis of the diffraction image for a single slit. In both cases we get a rectangular probability distribution, for which the Fourier transform leads to analytical expressions on the envelopes of diffraction peaks expressed by means of simple trigonometric functions (sinc). The generalization to 2d (decagonal quasicrystals) and 3d (icosahedral quasicrystals) requires more complex calculations, but conceptually, it does not significantly differ from the calculations for model one-dimensional quasicrystals.
Bias-voltage dependent STM images from the 2–fold surface of the icosahedral Ag-In-Yb quasicrystal
Authors: Burnie Dominic , Coates Sam , McGrath Ronan , Sharma Hem Raj 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The 2–fold surface of the icosahedral (i-)Ag–In–Yb quasicrystal has been investigated using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). STM data reveals a bias-voltage dependency. At high positive bias, bright protrusions are observed. At negative bias, new protrusions appear while the size of the original protrusions decreases. The STM features at both positive and negative bias polarities can be related to atomic planes intersecting the centre of Tsai-type clusters (the building blocks of the bulk structure). The bias-dependency can be explained by a change in contribution in tunnelling current from Yb and Ag/In, as expected from density of states calculations.
Phasonic Diffusion and Self-confinement of Decagonal Quasicrystals in Hyperspace
Authors: Hielscher Johannes , Martinsons Miriam , Schmiedeberg Michael , Kapfer Sebastian C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We introduce a novel simulation method that is designed to explore fluctuations of the phasonic degrees of freedom in decagonal colloidal quasicrystals. Specifically, we attain and characterise thermal equilibrium of the phason ensemble via Monte Carlo simulations with particle motions restricted to elementary phasonic flips. We find that, at any temperature, the random tiling ensemble is strongly preferred over the minimum phason-strain quasicrystal. Phasonic flips are the dominant carriers of diffusive mass transport in physical space. Sub- diffusive transients suggest cooperative flip behaviour on short time scales. In complementary space, particle mobility is geometrically restricted to a thin ring around the acceptance domain, resulting in self-confinement and persistent phasonic order.
Stability of particles in two-dimensional quasicrystals against phasonic perturbations
Authors: Martinsons M , Schmiedeberg M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We investigate particles in two-dimensional quasicrystalline interference patterns and present a method to determine for each particle at which phasonic displacement a phasonic flip occurs. By mapping all particles into characteristic areas of reduced phononic and phasonic displacements, we identify the particles that are close to edges of these areas and can easily flip. In contrast, the particles in the center are hardly affected by phasonic fluctuations. Our results are important e.g. for light-induced colloidal structures or cold atomic gases in laser traps. In addition, our approach can help to predict how thermal fluctuations induce phasonic flips in intrinsic quasicrystals with structures close to interference patterns.
The effects of afforestation as an adaptation option: a case study in the upper Chao Phraya River basin
Authors: Takata Kumiko , Hanasaki Naota 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The risks of flood and drought have been projected to increase in many regions due to global warming. Afforestation is considered an adaptation option because it reduces flood risks by decreasing total runoff and peak river discharge, but it also exacerbates drought risks by increasing evapotranspiration. In this study, both effects of afforestation were evaluated in comparison with changes caused by climate warming from the viewpoint of an adaptation measure, using a land surface model. The upper Chao Phraya River basin was taken as a case study. The present climate was set as a base condition and future climate conditions projected by the moderate (RCP4.5) and strong (RCP8.5) warming scenarios in the middle and late 21st century were used. The effects of afforestation were much smaller than the changes caused by warming even with the extreme forest area expansion and soil property changes. The effect of afforestation that reduced runoff was marked in the wet season, whereas the effect of afforestation that increased evapotranspiration was noticeable in the dry season leading to little increase in dry-season runoff. These results indicate that both the decrease in runoff that reduces flood risks in the wet season and the increase in evapotranspiration that exacerbates drought risks in the dry season should be taken into consideration when evaluating the hydrological effects of afforestation under global warming.