bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does meditation lead to a stable mind? Synchronous stability and time-varying graphs in meditators
Authors: Toutain Thaise G , Baptista Abrahão F , Japyassú Hilton F , Rosário Raphael S , Porto Joel A , Campbell Fernanda Q , Miranda José Garcia V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The dynamical approach represents a new branch in the understanding of functional brain networks. Using simple indices to represent time connectivity and topological stability, we evaluated the hypothesis of increased brain stability during the meditative state in comparison to the relaxation state. We used a new way to consider the time evolution of synchronization patterns in electroencephalography (EEG) data. The time-varying graph approach and the motif synchronization method were combined to build a set of graphs representing time evolution for the synchronization of 29 EEG electrodes. We analysed these graphs during meditation and relaxation states in 17 experienced meditators. As result, we found significant increasing of time connectivity (t(15) $= -2.50$, p $= 0.023$) and topological stability (t(15) $= 1.23$, p $= 0.020$) in the meditation state when compared to the relaxation state. These findings suggest that dynamical properties of the synchronization network may revel aspects of brain activity in altered states of consciousness not possible to measure using a static approach. We concluded that the topological patterns evolution in the functional networks of experienced meditators are more stable in the meditative state than in the relaxation state.
Advanced remote care for heart failure in times of COVID-19 using an implantable pulmonary artery pressure sensor: the new normal
Authors: Bayes-Genis Antoni , Codina Pau , Abdul-Jawad Altisent Omar , Santiago Evelyn , Domingo Mar , Cediel Germán , Spitaleri Giosafat , Lupón Josep 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem and a leading cause of hospitalization in western countries. Over the past decades, the goal has been to find the best method for monitoring congestive symptoms to prevent hospitalizations. Addressing this task through regular physician visits, blood tests, and imaging has proven insufficient for optimal control and has not decreased enough HF-related hospitalization rates. In recent years, new devices have been developed for this reason and CardioMEMS is one of the therapeutic monitoring options. CardioMEMS has shown to be effective in preventing and reducing HF hospitalizations in patients both with HF with reduced ejection fraction and HF with preserved ejection fraction. CardioMEMS’ versatility has made it a great option for pulmonary artery pressure monitoring, both during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic and when the clinic visits have (partially) resumed. CardioMEMS is the remote haemodynamic monitoring system with the most evidence-driven efficacy, and COVID-19 has put it in the spot as a centre-stage technology for HF monitoring. In a few months of the COVID-19 epidemic, CardioMEMS has grown to maturity, making it the new normal for high-quality, high-value remote HF care.
Patient with heart failure: importance to treat valvular diseases
Authors: Adamo Marianna , Alos Benjamin , Metra Marco , Lefèvre Thierry , Swaans Martins J , Gheorghe Livia , Tschöpe Carsten , Krackhardt Florian , Alfieri Ottavio , Bouleti Claire 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is causing an unprecedented burden on healthcare resources and this includes treatment of heart failure and valvular heart diseases (VHD). Percutaneous procedures have broadened the number of patients with VHD who could be treated. However, COVID-19 pandemic has challenged their implementation. The risk of in-hospital infection, resources reallocation, reduced access to hospital caused a substantial delay of VHD treatment with an increased risk of clinical worsening and mortality. Now, the pandemic is not ended and subsequent waves are likely. Reorganization of our healthcare resources is needed, including a proper algorithm for patients’ prioritization, based on the severity of their valve disease, their life expectancy, complexity of the intervention, and the resources available. A wider use of telemedicine for patients’ selection and follow-up and any measurement that can shorten the duration of the hospital stay must be adopted. Patients’ and healthcare staff screening for COVID-19 and all needed procedures to prevent infection will continue to be mandatory. Percutaneous procedures, compared to surgery, are associated with a lower risk of infection and a lower need for in-hospital resources, including a shorter duration of hospital stay. This may favour their adoption when the risk of viral infection is high.
One-Dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping Identifies Impaired Orthostatic Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Response in Frailty Index
Authors: Maguire Fiachra , Romero-Ortuno Roman , O’Connor John D , Reilly Richard B , Knight Silvin P , Kenny Rose-Anne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Orthostasis is a potent physiological stressor which adapts with age. The age-related accumulation of health deficits in multiple physiological systems may impair the physiological response to orthostasis and lead to negative health outcomes such as falls, depression, and cognitive decline. Research to date has focused on changes with orthostasis at prespecified intervals of time, without consideration for whole signal approaches.

Methods
One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping identified regions in time of significant association between variables of interest using a general linear model. Frailty index operationalized accumulated health and social deficits using 32-items from a computer-assisted interview. This study examined the association of frailty index on blood pressure, heart rate, and cerebral oxygenation during an orthostatic test in a sample of 2742 adults aged 50 or older from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Results
Frailty index was seen to be negatively associated with cerebral oxygenation changes from baseline over a period of 7 seconds (p = .036). Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were positively and negatively associated with frailty index over periods of 17 seconds (p = .001) and 10 seconds (p = .015), respectively.

Conclusions
Statistical parametric mapping demonstrated these significant regions of cerebral oxygenation during orthostasis provide indirect evidence of impaired autoregulation associated with frailty. Statistical parametric mapping also replicated prior relationships in heart rate and systolic blood pressure associated with a higher frailty index. These findings highlight the utility of 1-dimensional statistical parametric modeling in identifying significant regions of interest in physiological recordings.
Association of Paraspinal Muscle Measurements on Chest Computed Tomography With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Feng Zhichao , Zhao Huafei , Kang Wendi , Liu Qin , Wu Jianzhen , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Ma Xiaoqian , Wang Wei , Rong Pengfei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Skeletal muscle depletion is common in old adults and individuals with chronic comorbidities, who have an increased risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is defined by hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen. This study aimed to determine the association between skeletal muscle depletion and clinical outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19.

Methods
One hundred and sixteen patients with severe COVID-19 who underwent chest computed tomography scan on admission were included in this multicenter, retrospective study. Paraspinal muscle index (PMI) and radiodensity (PMD) were measured using computed tomography images. The primary composite outcome was the occurrence of critical illness (respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, shock, or intensive care unit admission) or death, and the secondary outcomes were the duration of viral shedding and pulmonary fibrosis in the early rehabilitation phase. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were employed to evaluate the associations.

Results
The primary composite outcome occurred in 48 (41.4%) patients, who were older and had lower PMD (both p &lt; .05). Higher PMD was associated with reduced risk of critical illness or death in a fully adjusted model overall (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation [SD] increment: 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80–0.95; p = .002) and in female patients (OR per SD increment: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56–0.91; p = .006), although the effect was not statistically significant in male patients (p = .202). Higher PMD (hazard ratio [HR] per SD increment: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14; p = .008) was associated with shorter duration of viral shedding among female survivors. However, no significant association was found between PMD and pulmonary fibrosis in the early rehabilitation phase, or between PMI and any outcome in both men and women.

Conclusions
Higher PMD, a proxy measure of lower muscle fat deposition, was associated with a reduced risk of disease deterioration and decreased likelihood of prolonged viral shedding among female patients with severe COVID-19.
A mobile-based educational intervention on STI-related preventive behavior among Iranian women
Authors: Kazemi Sara , Tavousi Mahmoud , Zarei Fatemeh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Iran are alarming, little is known about preventive sexual behaviors. The purpose of this article was to assess the effect of a mobile-based educational program to promote preventive behaviors regarding STIs in Iranian women. Using Roger’s protection motivation theory, the following measures were developed as the study’s conceptual framework: STI knowledge, STI vulnerability, STI prevention self-efficacy and STI prevention intentions. These variables were measured by the Persian version of a valid Korean four-scale tool. Data from 76 women were analyzed: 37 women in the smartphone application (Experimental) group and 39 in the control group. Health Education Sexually Transmitted Infections Application was developed as a smartphone application training program. Participants were tested at three-time points: pre-test (baseline), post-test 1 (immediately after the program’s completion) and post-test 2 (16 weeks after the program’s completion). Significant group differences were found at different times in STI knowledge, vulnerability, prevention self-efficacy and prevention intentions. The smartphone application was effective in sustaining the effects of the educational program in the experimental group. The development of appropriate teaching materials on sensitive public health issues, such as STIs to promote individual self-learning skills is suggested.
Sensitivity of sand lance to shifting prey and hydrography indicates forthcoming change to the northeast US shelf forage fish complex
Authors: Suca Justin J , Wiley David N , Silva Tammy L , Robuck Anna R , Richardson David E , Glancy Sarah G , Clancey Emily , Giandonato Teresa , Solow Andrew R , Thompson Michael A , Hong Peter , Baumann Hannes , Kaufman Les , Llopiz Joel K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNorthern sand lance (Ammodytes dubius) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) represent the dominant lipid-rich forage fish species throughout the Northeast US shelf and are critical prey for numerous top predators. However, unlike Atlantic herring, there is little research on sand lance or information about drivers of their abundance. We use intra-annual measurements of sand lance diet, growth, and condition to explain annual variability in sand lance abundance on the Northeast US Shelf. Our observations indicate that northern sand lance feed, grow, and accumulate lipids in the late winter through summer, predominantly consuming the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Sand lance then cease feeding, utilize lipids, and begin gonad development in the fall. We show that the abundance of C. finmarchicus influences sand lance parental condition and recruitment. Atlantic herring can mute this effect through intra-guild predation. Hydrography further impacts sand lance abundance as increases in warm slope water decrease overwinter survival of reproductive adults. The predicted changes to these drivers indicate that sand lance will no longer be able to fill the role of lipid-rich forage during times of low Atlantic herring abundance—changing the Northeast US shelf forage fish complex by the end of the century.
Burns and COVID-19—Initial Experience and Challenges
Authors: Kumar Shalabh , Kain Rakesh , More Amrita , Sheth Srushti , Arumugam Praveen Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought with it many challenges in the field of healthcare around the world. Managing burn patients has its own challenges as they require a long duration of care and are more susceptible to infection. We conducted a retrospective observational study from January 30 to July 15, 2020 at our center to study the epidemiology of burns treated & patients and healthcare workers affected by COVID-19 during this period. The number of burn admissions showed a 42.6% reduction as compared to last year. A total of 17 patients (3.67%) and 29 health care workers (8.68%) tested positive for COVID-19 in the burns department. Our strategy underwent changes based on the changing dynamics of COVID-19 and changes in government and institutional policies. We have described the various challenges we faced in managing burns during this time. We found that effective screening of patients and healthcare workers, proper segregation of negative and positive/ suspect population and a low threshold for COVID-19 testing were essential to mitigate transmission of infection.
Early Selective Vulnerability of the CA2 Hippocampal Subfield in Primary Age-Related Tauopathy
Authors: Walker Jamie M , Richardson Timothy E , Farrell Kurt , Iida Megan A , Foong Chan , Shang Ping , Attems Johannes , Ayalon Gai , Beach Thomas G , Bigio Eileen H , Budson Andrew , Cairns Nigel J , Corrada María , Cortes Etty , Dickson Dennis W , Fischer Peter , Flanagan Margaret E , Franklin Erin , Gearing Marla , Glass Jonathan , Hansen Lawrence A , Haroutunian Vahram , Hof Patrick R , Honig Lawrence , Kawas Claudia , Keene C Dirk , Kofler Julia , Kovacs Gabor G , Lee Edward B , Lutz Mirjam I , Mao Qinwen , Masliah Eliezer , McKee Ann C , McMillan Corey T , Mesulam M Marsel , Murray Melissa , Nelson Peter T , Perrin Richard , Pham Thao , Poon Wayne , Purohit Dushyant P , Rissman Robert A , Sakai Kenji , Sano Mary , Schneider Julie A , Stein Thor D , Teich Andrew F , Trojanowski John Q , Troncoso Juan C , Vonsattel Jean-Paul , Weintraub Sandra , Wolk David A , Woltjer Randall L , Yamada Masahito , Yu Lei , White Charles L , Crary John F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is a neurodegenerative entity defined as Alzheimer-type neurofibrillary degeneration primarily affecting the medial temporal lobe with minimal to absent amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition. The extent to which PART can be differentiated pathoanatomically from Alzheimer disease (AD) is unclear. Here, we examined the regional distribution of tau pathology in a large cohort of postmortem brains (n = 914). We found an early vulnerability of the CA2 subregion of the hippocampus to neurofibrillary degeneration in PART, and semiquantitative assessment of neurofibrillary degeneration in CA2 was significantly greater than in CA1 in PART. In contrast, subjects harboring intermediate-to-high AD neuropathologic change (ADNC) displayed relative sparing of CA2 until later stages of their disease course. In addition, the CA2/CA1 ratio of neurofibrillary degeneration in PART was significantly higher than in subjects with intermediate-to-high ADNC burden. Furthermore, the distribution of tau pathology in PART diverges from the Braak NFT staging system and Braak stage does not correlate with cognitive function in PART as it does in individuals with intermediate-to-high ADNC. These findings highlight the need for a better understanding of the contribution of PART to cognitive impairment and how neurofibrillary degeneration interacts with Aβ pathology in AD and PART.
Antibiotic-Associated Adverse Events in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Same Rebecca G , Hsu Alice J , Cosgrove Sara E , Klein Eili Y , Amoah Joe , Hersh Adam L , Kronman Matthew P , Tamma Pranita D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic-associated adverse events (AEs) in hospitalized children have not been comprehensively characterized.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study of children hospitalized at The Johns Hopkins Hospital receiving ≥24 hours of systemic antibiotics. Consensus regarding antibiotic-associated AE definitions was established by 5 infectious diseases specialists prior to data collection. Two physicians reviewed potential AEs and determined whether they were more likely than not related to antibiotics after comprehensive manual chart review. Inpatient and post-discharge AEs were identified using the Epic Care Everywhere network. AEs evaluated from the initiation of antibiotics until 30 days after antibiotic completion included gastrointestinal, hematologic, hepatobiliary, renal, neurologic, dermatologic, cardiac, myositis, vascular access device-related events, and systemic reactions. Ninety-day AEs included Clostridioides difficile infections, multidrug-resistant organism infections, and clinically significant candidal infections. The impact of AEs was categorized as necessitating additional diagnostic testing, changes in medications, unplanned medical encounters, prolonged or new hospitalizations, or death.

Results
Among 400 antibiotic courses, 21% were complicated by at least one AE and 30% occurred post-discharge. Each additional day of antibiotics was associated with a 7% increased odds of an AE. Of courses complicated by an AE, 66% required further intervention. Hematologic, gastrointestinal, and renal AEs were the most common, accounting for 31%, 15%, and 11% of AEs, respectively. AEs complicated 35%, 35%, 19%, and 18% of courses of piperacillin-tazobactam, tobramycin, ceftazidime, and vancomycin, respectively.

Conclusions
More than 1 in 5 courses of antibiotics administered to hospitalized children are complicated by AEs. Clinicians should weigh the risk of harm against expected benefit when prescribing antibiotics.
The governmentality of nursing professionalization in advanced liberal societies
Authors: Hoff Jan-Luuk , Kuiper Marlot 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn Western countries, the occupational discipline of nursing is undergoing processes of professionalization. Although professionalization offers an appealing perspective on occupational advancement, it is an ambiguous process, especially in the context of ongoing reforms of advanced liberal states. More specifically, there is a confusing relationship between the professionalization of nursing and the state. This relation is underexamined in theories of nursing professionalization. Instead of seeing the state and professions as two distinct spheres, this article highlights their interconnectedness. It argues that nursing professionalization can be understood as a strategy of advanced liberal governmentality. Through an empirical analysis of the professionalization of Dutch nursing from a Foucauldian perspective, it shows how the appeal to ‘professionalism’ functions as a disciplinary mechanism that produces forms of advanced liberal ‘(bio)power’. This generates academic and practical questions, since nurses—the largest group of healthcare professionals—have distinctive relations with their patients, who regard them as ‘independent’ and ‘caring experts’. Furthermore, it sheds light on the academic debate about the reconfiguration of professionalism by showing how certain ‘professional’ reconfigurations are not only unavoidable but unavoidably (bio)political as well.
Observation Sentences Revisited
Authors: Kemp Gary 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
I argue for an alternative to Quine’s conception of observation sentences, one that better satisfies the roles Quine envisages for them, and that otherwise respects Quinean constraints. After reviewing a certain predicament Quine got into in balancing the needs of the intersubjectivity of observation sentences with his notion of the stimulus meaning of an observation sentence, I push for replacing the latter with what I call the ‘stimulus field’ of an observation sentence, a notion that remains ‘proximate’ but is shared between different language users. Throughout, I emphasize the epistemological role of observation sentences.
First insights into the structural features of Ebola virus methyltransferase activities
Authors: Valle Coralie , Martin Baptiste , Ferron François , Roig-Zamboni Véronique , Desmyter Aline , Debart Françoise , Vasseur Jean-Jacques , Canard Bruno , Coutard Bruno , Decroly Etienne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Ebola virus is a deadly human pathogen responsible for several outbreaks in Africa. Its genome encodes the ‘large’ L protein, an essential enzyme that has polymerase, capping and methyltransferase activities. The methyltransferase activity leads to RNA co-transcriptional modifications at the N7 position of the cap structure and at the 2′-O position of the first transcribed nucleotide. Unlike other Mononegavirales viruses, the Ebola virus methyltransferase also catalyses 2′-O-methylation of adenosines located within the RNA sequences. Herein, we report the crystal structure at 1.8 Å resolution of the Ebola virus methyltransferase domain bound to a fragment of a camelid single-chain antibody. We identified structural determinants and key amino acids specifically involved in the internal adenosine-2′-O-methylation from cap-related methylations. These results provide the first high resolution structure of an ebolavirus L protein domain, and the framework to investigate the effects of epitranscriptomic modifications and to design possible antiviral drugs against the Filoviridae family.
Modeling human brain tumors in flies, worms, and zebrafish: From proof of principle to novel therapeutic targets
Authors: Shahzad Uswa , Taccone Michael S , Kumar Sachin A , Okura Hidehiro , Krumholtz Stacey , Ishida Joji , Mine Coco , Gouveia Kyle , Edgar Julia , Smith Christian , Hayes Madeline , Huang Xi , Derry W Brent , Taylor Michael D , Rutka James T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For decades, cell biologists and cancer researchers have taken advantage of non-murine species to increase our understanding of the molecular processes that drive normal cell and tissue development, and when perturbed, cause cancer. The advent of whole-genome sequencing has revealed the high genetic homology of these organisms to humans. Seminal studies in non-murine organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Danio rerio identified many of the signaling pathways involved in cancer. Studies in these organisms offer distinct advantages over mammalian cell or murine systems. Compared to murine models, these three species have shorter lifespans, are less resource intense, and are amenable to high-throughput drug and RNA interference screening to test a myriad of promising drugs against novel targets. In this review, we introduce species-specific breeding strategies, highlight the advantages of modeling brain tumors in each non-mammalian species, and underscore the successes attributed to scientific investigation using these models. We conclude with an optimistic proposal that discoveries in the fields of cancer research, and in particular neuro-oncology, may be expedited using these powerful screening tools and strategies.