bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in the fundamental versus realized niches of North American mangroves
Authors: Bardou Rémi , Parker John D. , Feller Ilka C. , Cavanaugh Kyle C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimClimate change is leading to large‐scale shifts in species’ range limits. Mangroves, for example, are encroaching into saltmarshes at numerous tropical–temperate transition zones. However, mangrove expansion varies geographically, in large part because mangroves might not be fully occupying their fundamental niches across their range limits. Here we characterize and compare the fundamental versus realized thermal niches of two mangrove species found near their northern range limits on both coasts of North America.LocationAtlantic and Pacific coasts of North America.TaxaRed mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans).MethodsRed and black mangrove propagules were collected near range limits on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts and experimentally exposed to simulated overnight freezes ranging from −0.5 to −15°C, and grown in water temperatures ranging from 13 to 25°C. We then modelled range‐specific distributions based on threshold survival responses to cold treatments and compared these predictions to current distributions and climate envelopes.ResultsOn the Atlantic coast, laboratory physiological thresholds closely matched realized distributions for both black and red mangroves. The Pacific black mangroves were less tolerant to freezes than the Atlantic populations, but laboratory determined thresholds essentially matched their realized distributions. In contrast, Pacific red mangroves were surprisingly freeze tolerant, and our laboratory threshold‐based model predicted suitable habitat far north of their current range limit. Our cold‐water tolerance experiments indicated that mangroves can tolerate chronically colder water temperatures than are currently experienced at either range limit.Main conclusionsOn its own, cold water temperature does not seem to be a limiting factor on either coast of North America. On the Atlantic coast, range limits for both mangrove species are set by extreme cold air temperatures and rapidly shifting in response to climate change. On the warmer but more arid Pacific coast, range limits for black mangroves only appear limited by cold air temperatures, but neither species seems to be undergoing climate change‐related migration. This supports the importance of other range‐restricting factors, such as aridity or dispersal limitation. Thus, distribution models need to incorporate species and range‐specific physiological data to predict the effects of climate change on population‐specific range limits.
Recruitment and Retention of Older People in Clinical Research: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Forsat Noah D. , Palmowski Andriko , Palmowski Yannick , Boers Maarten , Buttgereit Frank 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVETo identify barriers and solutions for the recruitment and retention of older (aged ≥65 years) people in clinical trials.DESIGNSystematic literature review.METHODSThree databases (Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL) were searched for articles reporting on barriers or solutions regarding the recruitment or retention of older people. Only original research articles were included.RESULTSFifty eligible articles were identified. Exclusion criteria were the most common cause of poor recruitment of older adults (mainly age and comorbidities). Patients' families or physicians often advised against participation (22% of included studies). Lack of interest (18%) and problems with transportation (18%) were also commonly cited as challenges. Fourteen trials (28%) reported that monitoring and adapting their recruitment methods helped, along with a flexible research team (26%) and provision of transportation (24%). Retention was impaired by death (12%), illness (8%), and loss of interest (6%). Methods with a positive effect on retention included financial incentives and regular information about the progress of the study (12%), a low staff turnover (12%), flexibility in appointment making (10%), and expression of appreciation by the staff through letters, gifts, and cards to the participants (10%).CONCLUSIONWe identified several barriers and have listed potential solutions that may improve recruitment and lead to fewer dropouts in trials involving older populations. Implementation of our findings may help mitigate the manifold challenges that come with running a trial with older people.
ANNEXIN 8 negatively regulates RPW8.1‐mediated cell death and disease resistance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Zhi‐Xue , Xu Yong‐Ju , Lei Yang , Li Qin , Zhao Ji‐Qun , Li Yan , Fan Jing , Xiao Shunyuan , Wang Wen‐Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudy on the regulation of broad‐spectrum resistance is an active area in plant biology. RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.1 (RPW8.1) is one of a few broad‐spectrum resistance genes triggering the hypersensitive response (HR) to restrict multiple pathogenic infections. To address the question how RPW8.1 signaling is regulated, we performed a genetic screen and tried to identify mutations enhancing RPW8.1‐mediated HR. Here, we provided evidence to connect an annexin protein with RPW8.1‐mediated resistance in Arabidopsis against powdery mildew. We isolated and characterized Arabidopsis b7‐6 mutant. A point mutation in b7‐6 at the At5g12380 locus resulted in an amino acid substitution in ANNEXIN 8 (AtANN8). Loss‐of‐function or RNA‐silencing of AtANN8 led to enhanced expression of RPW8.1, RPW8.1‐dependent necrotic lesions in leaves, and defense against powdery mildew. Conversely, over‐expression of AtANN8 compromised RPW8.1‐mediated disease resistance and cell death. Interestingly, the mutation in AtANN8 enhanced RPW8.1‐triggered H2O2. In addition, mutation in AtANN8 led to hypersensitivity to salt stress. Together, our data indicate that AtANN8 is involved in multiple stress signaling pathways and negatively regulates RPW8.1‐mediated resistance against powdery mildew and cell death, thus linking ANNEXIN's function with plant immunity.
Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 level is increased in pre‐eclampsia patients: Association with blood pressure and lipid profile
Authors: Jiang Lin , Zhou Yang , Huang Qin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPre‐eclampsia (PE) is dangerous complication, which leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes.AimsThe study was to explore the correlation between serum level of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 and PE.MethodsA total of 80 cases were involved in this study containing PE group (49 cases) and control group (31 cases, normal pregnancy). PE group was divided into early‐onset PE (EOPE) and late‐onset PE (LOPE). Serum level of FGF21 and biochemical parameters were measured before delivery.ResultsMaternal serum FGF21 level was higher in PE especially in EOPE than that in control groups (P < 0.05). In PE patients, serum FGF21 level was positively correlated with mean arterial pressure, diastolic blood pressure and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05). Levels of FGF21, uric acid and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were risk factors for PE.ConclusionMaternal serum FGF21 level in PE particularly in EOPE was higher and was associated with blood pressure and lipid profile.
Police and mental health in elementary and secondary schools: A systematic review of the literature and implications for nursing
Authors: Muller Rebecca , Morabito Melissa S. , Green Jennifer Greif 
Published: October 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on this subject?

Police are often called on to respond to student mental health needs in schools.

School nurses, who are part of interdisciplinary mental health teams, may collaborate with responding police officers.

Currently, there are no reviews of the literature describing the use of police to respond to mental health crises in schools.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

This systematic review found six articles addressing police response to student mental health needs in elementary and secondary schools.

Articles primarily focused on the School Resource Officer programme; however, there was a lack of research on the effectiveness of this and other programmes in addressing the mental health needs of students.

This paper highlights a significant gap in knowledge about how police are involved in responding to student mental health crises within schools.

What are the implications for practice?

Understanding how police respond to mental health crises on school campuses will help nurses serve in collaborative roles with responding officers.

This study highlights gaps in research that need to be addressed for researchers and policymakers to best support students in crisis.

AbstractIntroductionResponse to student mental health crises involves interdisciplinary school–community teams, which can include police officers. This paper presents the first systematic review of literature on how police address mental health in school settings. Results have implications for school nurses interacting with responding police.Question/AimHow are police involved in responding to student mental health needs in elementary and secondary schools?MethodUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) framework, six articles met criteria for inclusion in this review.ResultsTwo themes were identified: (1) descriptions of roles of police in schools and (2) studies presenting programmes or models of police engagement. The most common use of police in schools is through the School Resource Officer model.DiscussionThere are very few studies examining police involvement in mental health response in schools and little data available on whether prevailing models are effective. We are therefore unable to ascertain what impact school police have in responding to mental health crises or the extent to which they interact with school nurses.Implications for practiceUnderstanding mental health crisis responses in schools can inform policy, practice, research and education for police and school providers, including nurses.
Spatial partial identity model reveals low densities of leopard and spotted hyaena in a miombo woodland
Authors: Davis R. S. , Stone E. L. , Gentle L. K. , Mgoola W. O. , Uzal A. , Yarnell R. W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDecline in global carnivore populations has led to increased demand for assessment of carnivore densities in understudied habitats. Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) is used increasingly to estimate species densities, where individuals are often identified from their unique pelage patterns. However, uncertainty in bilateral individual identification can lead to the omission of capture data and reduce the precision of results. The recent development of the two‐flank spatial partial identity model (SPIM) offers a cost‐effective approach, which can reduce uncertainty in individual identity assignment and provide robust density estimates. We conducted camera trap surveys annually between 2016 and 2018 in Kasungu National Park, Malawi, a primary miombo woodland and a habitat lacking baseline data on carnivore densities. We used SPIM to estimate density for leopard (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) and compared estimates with conventional SCR methods. Density estimates were low across survey years, when compared to estimates from sub‐Saharan Africa, for both leopard (1.9 ± 0.19 sd adults/100 km2) and spotted hyaena (1.15 ± 0.42 sd adults/100 km2). Estimates from SPIM improved precision compared with analytical alternatives. Lion (Panthera leo) and wild dog (Lycaon pictus) were absent from the 2016 survey, but lone dispersers were recorded in 2017 and 2018, and both species appear limited to transient individuals from within the wider transfrontier conservation area. Low densities may reflect low carrying capacity in miombo woodlands or be a result of reduced prey availability from intensive poaching. We provide the first leopard density estimates from Malawi and a miombo woodland habitat, whilst demonstrating that SPIM is beneficial for density estimation in surveys where only one camera trap per location is deployed. The low density of large carnivores requires urgent management to reduce the loss of the carnivore guild in Kasungu National Park and across the wider transfrontier landscape.
Modelling nonlinear dynamics of Crassulacean acid metabolism productivity and water use for global predictions
Authors: Hartzell Samantha , Bartlett Mark S. , Inglese Paolo , Consoli Simona , Yin Jun , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCrassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) crops are important agricultural commodities in water‐limited environments across the globe, yet modelling of CAM productivity lacks the sophistication of widely used C3 and C4 crop models, in part due to the complex responses of the CAM cycle to environmental conditions. This work builds on recent advances in CAM modelling to provide a framework for estimating CAM biomass yield and water use efficiency from basic principles. These advances, which integrate the CAM circadian rhythm with established models of carbon fixation, stomatal conductance and the soil–plant‐atmosphere continuum, are coupled to models of light attenuation, plant respiration and biomass partitioning. Resulting biomass yield and transpiration for Opuntia ficus‐indica and Agave tequilana are validated against field data and compared with predictions of CAM productivity obtained using the empirically based environmental productivity index. By representing regulation of the circadian state as a nonlinear oscillator, the modelling approach captures the diurnal dynamics of CAM stomatal conductance, allowing the prediction of CAM transpiration and water use efficiency for the first time at the plot scale. This approach may improve estimates of CAM productivity under light‐limiting conditions when compared with previous methods.
Preoperative echocardiographic parameters predict primary graft dysfunction following pediatric lung transplantation
Authors: Himebauch Adam S. , Wong Wai , Wang Yan , McGowan Francis X. , Berg Robert A. , Mascio Christopher E. , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Lin Kimberly Y. , Goldfarb Samuel B. , Kawut Steven M. , Mercer‐Rosa Laura , Yehya Nadir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe importance of preoperative cardiac function in pediatric lung transplantation is unknown. We hypothesized that worse preoperative right ventricular (RV) systolic and worse left ventricular (LV) diastolic function would be associated with a higher risk of primary graft dysfunction grade 3 (PGD 3) between 48 and 72 hours. We performed a single center, retrospective pilot study of children (<18 years) who had echocardiograms <1 year prior to lung transplantation between 2006 and 2019. Conventional and strain echocardiography parameters were measured, and PGD was graded. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves and logistic regression were performed. Forty‐one patients were included; 14 (34%) developed PGD 3 and were more likely to have pulmonary hypertension (PH) as the indication for transplant (P = .005). PGD 3 patients had worse RV global longitudinal strain (P = .01), RV free wall strain (FWS) (P = .003), RV fractional area change (P = .005), E/e’ (P = .01) and lateral e’ velocity (P = .004) but not tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (P = .61). RV FWS (AUROC 0.79, 95% CI 0.62‐0.95) and lateral e’ velocity (AUROC 0.87, 95% CI 0.68‐1.00) best discriminated PGD 3 development and showed the strongest association with PGD 3 (RV FWS OR 3.87 [95% CI 1.59‐9.43], P = .003; lateral e’ velocity OR 0.10 [95% CI 0.01‐0.70], P = .02). These associations remained when separately adjusting for age, weight, primary PH diagnosis, ischemic time, and bypass time. In this pilot study, worse preoperative RV systolic and worse LV diastolic function were associated with PGD 3 and may be modifiable recipient risk factors in pediatric lung transplantation.
Use of low cell dose for unmanipulated donor lymphocyte for management of cytomegalovirus infection: A single‐center experience
Authors: Uygun Vedat , Karasu Gülsün , Daloğlu Hayriye , Öztürkmen Seda , Yalçın Koray , Çelen Safiye Suna , Yeşilipek Akif 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough advancements have been made in monitoring and preventing viral infections in HSCT patients, CMV reactivation still remains a critical post‐transplant complication. Adoptive cell therapy is an alternative to pharmacotherapy of CMV infection in refractory patients. We retrospectively reviewed CMV infection cases after allogeneic HSCT who received U‐DLI as treatment. In total, five pediatric patients between the ages of 0.5‐16 years that received U‐DLI for a post‐HSCT CMV infection were evaluated. The dose of CD3+ lymphocytes administered in DLI was 5 × 104/kg, except in one patient transplanted from his sibling. One patient, who was transplanted from an unrelated donor, received U‐DLI from his haploidentical mother. CMV titers dramatically reduced after U‐DLI. If the availability of CMV‐specific CTL is an issue, we propose that one should consider using the U‐DLI therapy with low cell dose from a seropositive donor. In case the stem cell donor is seronegative and a seropositive donor is unavailable, using the U‐DLI therapy from seropositive, haploidentical donors is a promising way of treatment. More studies need to be conducted to further confirm the safety and efficacy of this treatment procedure.
Adaptability of winter wheat Dongnongdongmai 1 (Triticum aestivum L.) to overwintering in alpine regions
Authors: Bao Y. , Yang N. , Meng J. , Wang D. , Fu L. , Wang J. , Cang J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Long winters led to a one‐crop‐a‐year cultivation system until the winter wheat Dongnongdongmai 1 (Dn1) was successfully cultivated in northeast China. This crop variety is resistant to extremely low temperatures (−35 °C).

To better understand the adaptability of winter wheat Dn1 to low temperatures, gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC‐TOF/MS) and metabolomics analysis was conducted on the tillering nodes of winter wheat during the overwintering period. Enzyme‐regulating genes of the metabolic products were also quantitatively analysed.

The metabolomic results for the tillering nodes in the overwintering period showed that disaccharides had a strong protective effect on winter wheat Dn1. Amino acid metabolism (i.e. proline, alanine and GABA) changed significantly throughout the whole wintering process, whereas organic fatty acid metabolism changed significantly only in the late stage of overwintering. This result indicates that the metabolites used by winter wheat Dn1 differ in different overwintering stages.

The relationship between field temperature and metabolite changes in winter wheat Dn1 during overwintering periods is discussed, and disaccharides were identified as the osmotic stress regulators for winter wheat Dn1 during the overwintering process, as well as maintenance of the carbon and nitrogen balance by monosaccharides, amino acids and lipids for cold resistance.
Sedimentology of the Upper Pennsylvanian organic‐rich Cline Shale, Midland Basin: From gravity flows to pelagic suspension fallout
Authors: Peng Junwen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough deep‐water fine‐grained sedimentary rocks comprise approximately two‐thirds of the stratigraphic record, the transportation and depositional processes are poorly understood compared with their shelf counterparts. This study reports the range of fine‐grained sedimentary rock lithofacies, transport, and depositional processes and cyclicities recorded in deep‐water deposits on the basis of three continuous cored wells from the Upper Pennsylvanian Cline Shale, Midland Basin, USA, with the goal of elucidating general principles that can inform synthesis depositional models for deep‐water fine‐grained sedimentary systems. A combination of sedimentological, petrographic and bulk geochemical analysis has defined seven lithofacies that stack in a repeated pattern to constitute ca 8 to 20 m thick composite cycle sets. The lower unit of each composite cycle set is characterized by basal siliciclastic‐rich lithofacies interpreted to record dilute, low‐density turbidity currents, potentially derived from hyperpycnal input which grade upward into carbonate‐rich lithofacies interpreted as debris‐flow deposits or pelagic suspension deposits. The upper unit of each composite cycle set is characterized by basal carbonate‐rich lithofacies interpreted as debris‐flow deposits or pelagic suspension deposits which grades upward into siliciclastic‐rich lithofacies interpreted to record dilute, low‐density turbidity currents, potentially derived from hyperpycnal input. The cyclicities recorded in the Cline Shale are believed to be controlled by high‐amplitude glacioeustatic sea‐level fluctuation (mean: ca 100 m). The siliciclastic‐rich lithofacies, potentially derived from hyperpycnal turbidity flows, were deposited during sea‐level lowstand, when siliciclastic sediment‐transport systems extended across the wide Eastern Shelf and deltas developed at the shelf margin. Carbonate‐rich lithofacies are interpreted to be deposited from debris flows or pelagic suspension fallout during sea‐level highstand when carbonate platforms were developed on the surrounding shelves. The prevalence of sediment density flow deposits, even in distal basin floor environments, challenges the conventional model that deep‐water fine‐grained sedimentary rocks are dominantly background sedimentation.
Consociational Power‐Sharing in the Arab World as Counter‐Revolution
Authors: Halawi Ibrahim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper argues that consociational power‐sharing in the Arab world is intrinsically counter‐revolutionary. The academic debate on consociational power‐sharing has largely overlooked this because 1) it pre‐supposes class inequalities and over‐emphasizes state stability; and 2) it is limited by a broader misunderstanding of counter‐revolution, in which the concept is reduced to momentary reactions to revolution. By critiquing class and state assumptions in the consociational power‐sharing literature and presenting a nuanced conceptualization of counter‐revolution, this paper seeks to bring the debate closer to the concurrent revolutionary episodes against the consociational arrangements of Lebanon and Iraq, and to inspire more inclusionary state‐(re)building arrangements in the Arab world.
The Syrian Conflict: Proxy War, Pyrrhic Victory, and Power‐Sharing Agreements
Authors: Heydemann Steven 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Syrian conflict presents as a case that has been well‐studied in the power‐sharing literature. It is typically coded as an ethno‐sectarian civil war moving towards a decisive military victory by an authoritarian regime and thus unlikely to end in a power‐sharing agreement. Yet Syria's experience offers important insights into the effects of new conflict environments on prospects for power‐sharing in ‘hard’ cases. Syria's conflict exhibits attributes and is unfolding in an environment that requires rethinking simplistic correlations between the military and political outcomes of civil wars. Moreover, the form of political settlement that emerges in Syria may also complicate assumptions about the ability of victors to shape the terms of post‐war settlements unilaterally. Whether a power‐sharing agreement is reached in Syria – however remote the prospects for that might be – will be determined by factors that underscore the impact changing conflict contexts can have on how civil wars end.