bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lemur catta in small forest fragments: Which variables best predict population viability?
Authors: Gould Lisa , Cowen Laura L. E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHabitat fragmentation is an increasingly serious issue affecting primates in most regions where they are found today. Populations of Lemur catta (ring‐tailed lemur) in Madagascar's south‐central region are increasingly restricted to small, isolated forest fragments, surrounded by grasslands or small‐scale agriculture. Our aim was to evaluate the potential for population viability of L. catta in nine forest fragments of varying sizes (2–46 ha, population range: 6–210 animals) in south‐central Madagascar, using a set of comparative, quantitative ecological measures. We used Poisson regression models with a log link function to examine the effects of fragment size, within‐fragment food availability, and abundance of matrix resources (food and water sources) on L. catta population sizes and juvenile recruitment. We found a strong association between overall population size and (a) fragment size and (b) abundance of key food resources Melia azedarach and Ficus spp. (per 100 m along transect lines). Juvenile recruitment was also associated with fragment size and abundance of the two above‐mentioned food resources. When the largest population, an outlier, was removed from the analysis, again, the model containing fragment size and abundance of M. azedarach and Ficus spp. was the best fitting, but the model that best predicted juvenile recruitment contained only fragment size. While our results are useful for predicting population presence and possible persistence in these fragments, both the potential for male dispersal and the extent of human disturbance within most fragments play crucial roles regarding the likelihood of long‐term L. catta survival. While seven of the nine fragments were reasonably protected from human disturbance, only three offered the strong potential for male dispersal, thus the long‐term viability of many of these populations is highly uncertain.
Photocatalytic Conversion of Waste Plastics into C2 Fuels under Simulated Natural Environment Conditions
Authors: Jiao Xingchen , Zheng Kai , Chen Qingxia , Li Xiaodong , Li Yamin , Shao Weiwei , Xu Jiaqi , Zhu Junfa , Pan Yang , Sun Yongfu , Xie Yi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReported here is the first highly selective conversion of various waste plastics into C2 fuels under simulated natural environment conditions by a sequential photoinduced C−C cleavage and coupling pathway, where single‐use bags, disposable food containers, food wrap films, and their main components of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride can be photocatalytically transformed into CH3COOH without using sacrificial agents. As an example, polyethylene is photodegraded 100 % into CO2 within 40 h by single‐unit‐cell thick Nb2O5 layers, while the produced CO2 is further photoreduced to CH3COOH. Various methods and experiments disclose that O2 and .OH radicals trigger the oxidative C−C cleavage of polyethylene to form CO2, while other investigations show that the yielded CH3COOH stems from CO2 photoreduction by C−C coupling of .COOH intermediates. This two‐step plastic‐to‐fuel conversion may help to simultaneously address the white pollution crisis and harvest highly valuable multicarbon fuels in natural environments.
Assembly of the Thiolated [Au1Ag22(S‐Adm)12]3+ Superatom Complex into a Framework Material through Direct Linkage by SbF6− Anions
Authors: Chen Shuang , Du Wenjun , Qin Chenwanli , Liu Danyu , Tang Li , Liu Ying , Wang Shuxin , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBuilding framework materials with desirable properties and enhanced functionalities with nanocluster/superatom complexes as building blocks remains a challenge in the field of nanomaterials. In this study, the chiral [Au1Ag22(S‐Adm)12]3+ nanocluster/superatom complex (SC, in which S‐Adm=1‐adamantanethiol) was employed as a building block to construct the three‐dimensional (3D) superatom complex inorganic framework (SCIF) materials SCIF‐1 and SCIF‐2 through inorganic SbF6− linkers. SCIF‐1 is racemic due to the assembly of two SC enantiomers in a single crystal. In SCIF‐2, the SC enantiomers are packed in separate crystals, thus producing larger channels and a circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) response. These two 3D SCIF materials exhibit unique sensitive photoluminescence (PL) in protic solvents. Our study provides a new pathway for creating novel open‐framework materials with superatom complexes and a foundation for the further development of 3D framework materials for sensing and other applications.
Ultra‐fast Cycling for Multiplexed Cellular Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Ko Jina , Oh Juhyun , Ahmed Maaz S. , Carlson Jonathan C. T. , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRapid analysis of single and scant cell populations is essential in modern diagnostics, yet existing methods are often limited and slow. Herein, we describe an ultra‐fast, highly efficient cycling method for the analysis of single cells based on unique linkers for tetrazine (Tz)/trans‐cyclooctene (TCO)‐mediated quenching. Surprisingly, the quenching reaction rates were more than 3 orders of magnitude faster (t1/2<1 s) than predicted. This allowed multi‐cycle staining and immune cell profiling within an hour, leveraging the accelerated kinetics to open new diagnostic possibilities for rapid cellular analyses.
Strengthening ceramic surfaces with the use of resin cements based on thiourethane oligomers
Authors: Correr‐Sobrinho Lourenco , Costa Ana R. , Fugolin Ana P. , Borges Lincoln P. S. , Ferracane Jack L. , Pfeifer Carmem S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of thiourethane (TU) additives on the flexural strength (σf) and elastic modulus (Ef) of a resin cement, and on a possible strengthening of ceramic restorations.MethodsTwo TUs (ARomatic and ALiphatic) were added at 0 (control—EC) or 20 wt% to photopolymerizable resin cements. RelyX Ultimate (RU) was the commercial control. Flexural strength (σf) and elastic modulus (Ef) of the cements were measured in three‐point bending (n = 8). Biaxial flexural strength (σbf) of ceramic discs with and without cement layering were determined using a ball‐on‐ring setup. The σbf of cement‐coated specimens was calculated at positions z = 0 (ceramic surface, bonded interface) and z = −t2 (cement surface above ring). Data were analyzed with one‐way ANOVA/Tukey test (α = .05).Resultsσf of AR was significantly higher than for AL and RU, and Ef was lower. The Ef of RU was significantly higher than all other groups. At z = 0, all resin‐coated groups had higher σbf. The σbf of RU, AR, and AL were significantly higher than EC and unfilled resin group. At z = −t2, RU had significantly higher σbf.SignificanceAll resin cements were able to strengthen the ceramic, with the TU‐modified material presenting similar results to the commercial material.
Beyond cholesterol metabolism: The pleiotropic effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Genetics, mutations, expression, and perspective for long‐term inhibition
Authors: Cesaro Arturo , Bianconi Vanessa , Gragnano Felice , Moscarella Elisabetta , Fimiani Fabio , Monda Emanuele , Scudiero Olga , Limongelli Giuseppe , Pirro Matteo , Calabrò Paolo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has a crucial role in lipid metabolism, particularly due to its function in low‐density lipoprotein receptor degradation. Gain‐of‐function genetic mutations of PCSK9 result in autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia, characterized by high levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and clinical signs of early atherosclerosis. In recent years, PCSK9 has become an important therapeutic target for cholesterol‐lowering therapy. Particularly, its inhibition with monoclonal antibodies has shown excellent efficacy in decreasing LDL‐C and reducing cardiovascular events. However, PCSK9, first identified in the brain, seems to be a ubiquitous protein with different tissue‐specific functions also independent of cholesterol metabolism. Accordingly, it appears to be involved in the immune response, haemostasis, glucose metabolism, neuronal survival, and several other biological functions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the genetics, biochemical structure, expression, and function of PCSK9 and discusses the potential implications of its long‐term pharmacological inhibition.
Validated LC–MS/MS method for quantitation of a selective JAK1 inhibitor, filgotinib in rat plasma, and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats
Authors: Dixit Abhishek , Kiran Vinay , Gabani Bhavesh Babulal , Mohd Zainuddin , Trivedi Ravi Kumar , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFilgotinib is a selective JAK1 (Janus kinase) inhibitor, filed in Japan for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we report a validated liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of filgotinib in rat plasma using tofacitinib as an internal standard (IS) as per the Food and Drug Administration regulatory guidelines. Filgotinib and the IS were extracted from rat plasma using ethyl acetate as an extraction solvent and chromatographed using an isocratic mobile phase (0.2% formic acid:acetonitrile; 20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min on a Gemini C18 column. Filgotinib and the IS were eluted at ~1.31 and 0.89 min, respectively. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were m/z 426.3 → 291.3 and m/z 313.2 → 149.2 for filgotinib and the IS, respectively. The calibration range was 0.78–1924 ng/mL. No matrix effect and carryover were observed. Intra‐ and inter‐day accuracies and precisions were within the acceptance range. Filgotinib was stable for three freeze–thaw cycles: on bench‐top up to 6 h, in an autosampler up to 21 h, and at −80°C for 1 month. This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
Generalized cutaneous metastases of breast cancer: An uncommon presentation
Authors: Chraiet Nesrine , Zenzri Yosr , Bouaziz Hanen , Sassi Imen , Guebsi Azza , Kamoun Salma , Rahal Khaled , Mezlini Amel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCutaneous metastases are rare and represent a sign of poor prognosis. They are a sign of widespread disease. Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm leading to their appearance. Palliative care is the treatment of choice.
Late‐Stage 18O Labeling of Primary Sulfonamides via a Degradation–Reconstruction Pathway
Authors: Reilly Sean W. , Bennett Frank , Fier Patrick S. , Ren Sumei , Strotman Neil A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA late‐stage 18O labeling approach of sulfonamides that employs the corresponding unlabeled molecule as the starting material was developed. Upon deamination of the sulfonamide, a sulfinate intermediate was isotopically enriched using eco‐friendly reagents H218O and 15NH3(aq) to afford a M+5 isotopologue of the parent compound. This degradation–reconstruction approach afforded isolated yields of up to 96 % for the stable isotope labeled (SIL) sulfonamides, and was compatible with multiple marketed therapeutics, including celecoxib, on a gram scale. The SIL products also exhibited no 18O/16O back exchange under extreme conditions, further validating the utility of this green strategy for drug labeling for both in vitro and in vivo use. This procedure was also adapted to include pharmaceutically relevant methyl sulfones by using 13CH3, affording M+5 isotopic enrichment, thereby illustrating the broad utility of this methodology.
DNA‐Based Asymmetric Inverse Electron‐Demand Hetero‐Diels–Alder
Authors: Mansot Justine , Lauberteaux Jimmy , Lebrun Aurélien , Mauduit Marc , Vasseur Jean‐Jacques , Marcia de Figueiredo Renata , Arseniyadis Stellios , Campagne Jean‐Marc , Smietana Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile artificial cyclases hold great promise in chemical synthesis, this work presents the first example of a DNA‐catalyzed inverse electron‐demand hetero‐Diels–Alder (IEDHDA) between dihydrofuran and various α,β‐unsaturated acyl imidazoles. The resulting fused bicyclic O,O‐acetals containing three contiguous stereogenic centers are obtained in high yields (up to 99 %) and excellent diastereo‐ (up to >99:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee) using a low catalyst loading. Most importantly, these results show that the concept of DNA‐based asymmetric catalysis can be expanded to new synthetic transformations offering an efficient, sustainable, and highly selective tool for the construction of chiral building blocks.
Sexual dimorphic distribution of cannabinoid 1 receptor mRNA in adult C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Liu Xue , Li Xulin , Zhao Gaoyang , Wang Feng , Wang Liping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) is the most abundant G protein‐coupled receptor in the brain and plays crucial roles in emotion and behavior by modulating or mediating synaptic transmission and plasticity. Differences in CB1R density between male and female rodents may be associated with distinct behavioral phenotypes. In the rat brain, CB1R expression is significantly lower in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala of estrus females than in males. However, differences in CB1R distribution due to sex over the whole mouse brain are still largely unknown. Here, we systemically investigated the expression of CB1R mRNA in the brains of both male and female adult C57BL/6J mice using fluorescence in situ hybridization. There were significantly more CB1R positive cells in males than in females in the orbital cortex, insular cortex, cingulate cortex, piriform cortex, secondary visual cortex, caudate putamen (striatum), and ventral hippocampal CA1. There were significantly more CB1R mRNA cells in females than males in the fornix and dorsal hypothalamus. However, in some regions, strong hybridization signals without sex differences were detected, such as in the motor cortex, septum, medial habenular nucleus, and inferior colliculus. Moreover, female mice displayed different CB1R mRNA expression patterns in the medial amygdala, basolateral amygdala, and parabrachial nucleus during different phases of the estrous cycle. These findings provide a basis for understanding sexual dimorphism in physiological and pathological brain functions related to CB1R.
Crosstalk: The diversity of melanopsin ganglion cell types has begun to challenge the canonical divide between image‐forming and non‐image‐forming vision
Authors: Sondereker Katelyn B. , Stabio Maureen E. , Renna Jordan M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMelanopsin ganglion cells have defied convention since their discovery almost 20 years ago. In the years following, many types of these intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have emerged. In the mouse retina, there are currently six known types (M1–M6) of melanopsin ganglion cells, each with unique morphology, mosaics, connections, physiology, projections, and functions. While melanopsin‐expressing cells are usually associated with behaviors like circadian photoentrainment and the pupillary light reflex, the characterization of multiple types has demonstrated a reach that may extend far beyond non‐image‐forming vision. In fact, studies have shown that individual types of melanopsin ganglion cells have the potential to impact image‐forming functions like contrast sensitivity and color opponency. Thus, the goal of this review is to summarize the morphological and functional aspects of the six known types of melanopsin ganglion cells in the mouse retina and to highlight their respective roles in non‐image‐forming and image‐forming vision. Although many melanopsin ganglion cell types do project to image‐forming brain targets, it is important to note that this is only the first step in determining their influence on image‐forming vision. Even so, the visual system has canonically been divided into these two functional realms and melanopsin ganglion cells have begun to challenge the boundary between them, providing an overlap of visual information that is complementary rather than redundant. Further studies on these ganglion cell photoreceptors will no doubt continue to illustrate an ever‐expanding role for melanopsin ganglion cells in image‐forming vision.
Leptomeningeal metastatic cells adopt two phenotypic states
Authors: Remsik Jan , Chi Yudan , Tong Xinran , Sener Ugur , Derderian Camille , Park Abigail , Saadeh Fadi , Bale Tejus , Boire Adrienne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeptomeningeal metastasis (LM), or spread of cancer cells into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is characterized by a rapid onset of debilitating neurological symptoms and markedly bleak prognosis. The lack of reproducible in vitro and in vivo models has prevented the development of novel, LM‐specific therapies. Although LM allows for longitudinal sampling of floating cancer cells with a spinal tap, attempts to culture patient‐derived leptomeningeal cancer cells have not been successful.AimWe, therefore, employ leptomeningeal derivatives of human breast and lung cancer cell lines that reproduce both floating and adherent phenotypes of human LM in vivo and in vitro.Methods and ResultsWe introduce a trypsin/EDTA‐based fractionation method to reliably separate the two cell subsets and demonstrate that in vitro cultured floating cells have decreased proliferation rate, lower ATP content, and are enriched in distinct metabolic signatures. Long‐term fractionation and transcriptomic analysis suggest high degree plasticity between the two phenotypes in vitro. Floating cells colonize mouse leptomeninges more rapidly and associate with shortened survival. In addition, patients harboring LM diagnosed with CSF disease alone succumbed to the disease earlier than patients with adherent (MRI positive) disease.ConclusionTogether, these data support mechanistic evidence of a metabolic adaptation that allows cancer cells to thrive in their natural environment but leads to death in vitro.
A new method to realize nonrational driving‐point functions
Authors: Kumar Abhimanyu , Ganguli Souvik 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis paper presents a new synthesis procedure for nonrational driving‐point functions by defining and using the
operator. The operator is defined, and its properties are explored. Applying the Stieltjes transform on the
operator, the Padé approximant or the continued fraction form of the nonrational network function can be achieved with reduced computational complexity. Thus, the classical Foster and Cauer form or other techniques may be applied to synthesize network functions. The application of this work is demonstrated by considering certain functions such as the square root, inverse tangent, logarithm, and Lambert's W function. A set of conditions called synthesis criteria is proposed, which should be satisfied by a nonrational function to be realizable.
Highly invasive tree species are more dependent on mutualisms
Authors: Moyano Jaime , Rodriguez‐Cabal Mariano A. , Nuñez Martin A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhy some species become invasive while others do not remains an elusive question. It has been proposed that invasive species should depend less on mutualisms, because their spread would then be less constrained by the availability of mutualistic partners. We tested this idea with the genus Pinus, whose degree of invasiveness is known at the species level (being highly and negatively correlated with seed size), and which forms obligate mutualistic associations with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). Mycorrhizal dependence is defined as the degree to which a plant needs the mycorrhizal fungi to show the maximum growth. In this regard, we use plant growth response to mycorrhizal fungi as a proxy for mycorrhizal dependence. We assessed the responsiveness of Pinus species to EMF using 1,206 contrasts published on 34 species, and matched these data with data on Pinus species invasiveness. Surprisingly, we found that species that are more invasive depend more on mutualisms (EMF). Seedling growth of species with smaller seeds benefited more from mutualisms, indicating a higher dependence. A higher reliance on EMF could be part of a strategy in which small‐seeded species produce more seeds that can disperse further, and these species are likely to establish only if facilitated by mycorrhizal fungi. On the contrary, big‐seeded species showed a lower dependence on EMF, which may be explained by their tolerance to stressful conditions during establishment. However, the limited dispersal of larger seeds may limit the spread of these species. We present strong evidence against a venerable belief in ecology that species that rely more on mutualisms are less prone to invade, and suggest that in certain circumstances greater reliance on mutualists can increase spread capacity.
Predicting construction labor productivity using lower upper decomposition radial base function neural network
Authors: Golnaraghi Sasan , Moselhi Osama , Alkass Sabah , Zangenehmadar Zahra 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTConstruction labor productivity is affected by many factors such as scope changes, weather conditions, managerial policies, and operational variables. Labor productivity is critical in project development. Its modeling, however, can be a very complex task for it requires consideration of the factors stated above. In this article, a novel methodology is proposed for quantifying the impact of multiple factors on productivity. The data used in the present study was prepared using data processing techniques and was subsequently used in the development of a predictive model for labor productivity utilizing radial basis function neural network. The model focuses on labor productivity in a formwork installation using data gathered from two high‐rise buildings in the downtown area of Montreal, Canada. The predictive capability of the developed model is then compared with other techniques including adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system, artificial neural network, radial basis function (RBF), and generalized regression neural network. The results show that LU‐RBF predicts productivity more accurately and thus can be utilized members of project teams to validate the estimated productivity based on available data. The advantages and limitations of the proposed model are discussed in this article.
Yield curve risks in currency carry forwards
Authors: Baek Seungho , Lee Jeong Wan , Oh Kyong Joo , Lee Myoungji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe provide empirical evidence that cross‐country yield curve gaps (parallel gap, twist gap, and butterfly gap) are predictive to the expected currency carry premiums using currency forward contracts. We find that the expected currency gains are more notable as these yield curve risk factors at time t indicate short‐term bond prices of investment currencies to go up (positive parallel movement, negative twist, and positive butterfly). We also find carry gains are more sensitively affected by cross‐country monetary shocks than currency‐country inflation pressures and business cycles. Our findings support that cross‐country yield curve risk premiums still exist even after considering transaction costs.