bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Target Specificity of CRISPR-Cas12a by Using a Chimeric DNA-RNA Guide
Authors: Kim Hanseop , Lee Wi-jae , Kang Seung-Hun , Hur Junho K. , Lee Hyomin , Song WooJeung , Lim Kyung-Seob , Park Young-Ho , Song Bong-Seok , Jin Yeung Bae , Jun Bong-Hyun , Lee Dong-Seok , Kim Sun-Uk , Lee Seung Hwan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe CRISPR-Cas9 system is widely used for target-specific genome engineering. Cpf1 is one of the CRISPR effectors that controls target genes by recognizing thymine-rich protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences. Cpf1 has a higher sensitivity to mismatches in the guide RNA than does Cas9; therefore, off-target sequence recognition and cleavage are lower. However, it tolerates mismatches in regions distant from the PAM sequence (TTTN or TTN) in the protospacer, and off-target cleavage issues may become more problematic when Cpf1 activity is improved for therapeutic purposes. In our study, we investigated off-target cleavage by Cpf1 and modified the Cpf1 (cr)RNA to address the off-target cleavage issue. We developed a CRISPR-Cpf1 that can induce mutations in target DNA sequences in a highly specific and effective manner by partially substituting the (cr)RNA with DNA to change the energy potential of base pairing to the target DNA. A model to explain how chimeric (cr)RNA guided CRISPR-Cpf1 and SpCas9 nickase effectively work in the intracellular genome is suggested. In our results, CRISPR-Cpf1 induces less off-target mutations at the cell level, when chimeric DNA-RNA guide was used for genome editing. This study has a potential for therapeutic applications in incurable diseases caused by genetic mutation.
Electrophysiology prediction of single neurons based on their morphology
Authors: Michiels Mario 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectrophysiology data acquisition of single neurons represents a key factor for the understanding of neuronal dynamics. However, the traditional method to acquire this data is through patch-clamp technology, which presents serious scalability flaws due to its slowness and complexity to record at fine-grained spatial precision (dendrites and axon).In silico biophysical models are therefore created for simulating hundreds of experiments that would be impractical to recreate in vitro. The optimal way to create these models is based on the knowledge of the morphological and electrical features for each neuron. Since large-scale data acquisition is often unfeasible for electrical data, previous expert knowledge can be used but it must have an acceptable degree of similarity with the type of neurons that we are trying to model.Here, we present a data-driven machine learning approach to predict the electrophysiological features of single neurons in case of only having their morphology available. To solve this multi-output regression problem, we use an artificial neural network that has the particularity of providing a probability distribution for every output feature, to incorporate uncertainty. Input data to train the model is obtained from from the Allen Cell Types database. The electrical properties can depend on the morphology, whose acquisition technology is highly automated and scalable so there exist large data sets of them. We also provide integrations with the BluePyOpt library to create a biophysical model using the original morphology and the predicted electrical features. Finally, we connect the resulting biophysical model with the Geppetto UI software to run all the simulations in a sophisticated user interface.
Job rotation scheduling in the Seru system: shake enforced invasive weed optimization approach
Authors: Ayough Ashkan , Hosseinzadeh Mohammad , Motameni Alireza 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Line–cell conversion and rotation of operators between cells are common in lean production systems. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide an integrated look at these two practices through integrating job rotation scheduling and line-cell conversion problems, as well as investigating the effect of rotation frequency on flow time of a Seru system.

Design/methodology/approach
First, a nonlinear integer programming model of job rotation scheduling problem and line–cell conversion problem (Seru-JRSP) was presented. Then, because Seru-JRSP is NP-hard, an efficient and effective invasive weed optimization (IWO) algorithm was developed. Exploration process of IWO was enhanced by enforcing two shake mechanisms.

Findings
Computations of various sample problems showed shorter flow time and less number of assigned operators in a Seru system scheduled through job rotation. Also, nonlinear behavior of flow time versus number of rotation periods was shown. It was demonstrated that, setting number of rotation frequency to one in line with the literature leads to inferior flow time. In addition, ability of developed algorithm to generate clusters of equivalent solutions in terms of flow time was shown.

Originality/value
In this research, integration of job rotation scheduling and line–cell conversion problems was introduced, considering lack of an integrated look at these two practices in the literature. In addition, a new improved IWO equipped with shake enforcement was introduced.
Dynamic support database clinical support tool: inter-rater reliability
Authors: Bohen Faye , Woodrow Ceri 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The dynamic support database (DSD) clinical support tool structures the risk of admission rating for individuals with intellectual disabilities. This study aims to investigate inter-rater reliability between multi-disciplinary health care professionals within the North West of England.

Design/methodology/approach
A small-scale quantitative study investigated reliability between raters on the DSD clinical support tool. A data set of 60 rating tools for 30 individuals was used. Descriptive statistics and Kappa coefficient explored agreement.

Findings
The DSD clinical support tool was found to have strong inter-rater reliability between individual items and the differences between individual scores were spread suggesting variance found could not be attributed to specific questions. Strong inter-rater reliability was found in the overall ratings.

Research limitations/implications
Results suggest the DSD clinical support tool provides stratification for risk of admission ratings independent of who completes it. Future studies could investigate inter-rater reliability between organisations, i.e. health and social care professionals, and use a larger data sample to ensure generalisability. Replication of the study within child and adolescent services using the children’s DSD clinical support tool is also recommended.

Originality/value
The DSD clinical support tool has been implemented within the child and adult intellectual disability services across the North West. As more teams across England consider its implementation, the study provides reassurance that coding agreement is high, allowing for stratification for risk of admission independent of the rater.
Student internship experiences: learning about the workplace
Authors: Zehr Sarah M. , Korte Russell 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of engineering student interns, as well as the perceptions of internship supervisors.Design/methodology/approachThe study was designed to investigate internships as a complex social phenomenon in the field, through the use of an inductive qualitative design grounded in a naturalistic paradigm guided by theories of learning and socialisation. The researchers used semistructured interviews of 24 engineering student interns and 10 internship supervisors at various organisations.FindingsStudents reported varying levels of learning about how a company works and how to work with others in a professional environment as the results of their internships. The researchers found that students did not look for connections between the classroom and the workplace, making it difficult to apply skills from one setting to the other. Supervisors received very little training, if any, prior to supervising interns. They were unsure how much work students could handle during an internship and perceived that making sure students had a positive experience was part of their role. In addition, internship goals for companies and educational institutions did not necessarily align.Practical implicationsBoth students and supervisors would benefit from more formal preparation or training prior to the start of an internship. Educational institutions and companies would also benefit by collaborating to better understand each other's goals and coordinating student experiences to foster learning and positive outcomes.Originality/valueThis paper emphasises the importance of helping students understand the nature of work and the importance of developing relationships in the workplace.
Does entrepreneurship education influence entrepreneurial intention among students in HEI’s?
Authors: Paray Zahoor Ahmad , Kumar Sumit 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Considering entrepreneurship education (EE) theory as a base, this paper aims to examine the impact of EE upon building entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, it investigates the impact of student’s age, gender and degree or course background in developing students entrepreneurial intentions.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 309 student respondents from higher education institution (HEI’s) was used to understand the relationship and its impact over intention building. Regression and ANOVA technique was used to understand the cause and effect as well as mean differences between the construct.

Findings
The results signify a positive impact of EE for stimulating the start-up intention in these interdisciplinary students of HEIs. These results resemble the existing studies in this endeavour. Findings also verify that individual intention to start a new business in terms of the theory of planned behaviour (attitude, perceived behavioural control and social norms), student background (gender and degree specialization) are positively related to individual intention to start a new business.

Research limitations/implications
The results confirm previous studies in this field and highlight the need for EE in HEI. The paper highlights the vitality for EE for India’s start-up growth.

Originality/value
This study adds to the paucity of research on EE and its impact on entrepreneurial intentions in higher education institutions in India.
The influence of gender on the choice of education: the mediating effect of interest in statistics
Authors: Carlsson Hauff Jeanette , Nilsson Jonas 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to verify the existence of a gender unbalance regarding choice of quantitatively oriented masters’ programs at a business school. The aim, further, is to analyze variables potentially affecting this unbalance: interest in quantitative matters, perceived competence regarding quantitative subjects and measures of quantitative knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach
Empirical data was collected through a survey of 203 students at a Swedish business school. A measure of quantitative orientation was developed to assess the level of nine masters’ programs at the school. A regression analysis was used to identify the impact of gender and the other explanatory variables.

Findings
The results indicate that there is a gender unbalance: female students choose master programs perceived to be less quantitatively oriented. However, when studying gender together with level of interest, perceived competence and objective knowledge, the direct gender effect disappears. Instead, a strong positive effect of interest in quantitative matters emerges, as does an indirect effect of gender through the mediating variable level of interest.

Practical implications
The dual importance of level of interest influences the pedagogical suggestions made. Interpersonal contact between teacher and student and use of technology are suggested to raise the level of interest. To reduce the indirect effect of gender through interest, a suggestion is made to work with stereotype threats.

Originality/value
The paper addresses a topic of importance: the potential gender unbalance as regards qualitative orientation. It manages to nuance the picture of the importance of gender – and through the introduction of level of interest suggests a productive path forward.
Effect of hourglass shape solder joints on underfill encapsulation process: numerical and experimental studies
Authors: Nashrudin Muhammad Naqib , Gan Zhong Li , Abas Aizat , Ishak M.H.H. , Tura Ali M. Yusuf 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
In line with the recent development of flip-chip reliability and underfill process, this paper aims to comprehensively investigate the effect of different hourglass shape solder joint on underfill encapsulation process by mean of experimental and numerical method.

Design/methodology/approach
Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) numerical was used for the three-dimensional simulation of underfill process. The effects of ball grid arrays (BGA) encapsulation process in terms of filling time of the fluid were investigated. Experiments were then carried out to validate the simulation results.

Findings
Hourglass shape solder joint has shown the shortest filling time for underfill process compared to truncated sphere. The underfill flow obtained from both simulation and experimental results are found to be in good agreement for the BGA model studied. The findings have also shown that the filling time of Hourglass 2 with parabolic shape gives faster filling time compared to the Hourglass 1 with hemisphere angle due to bigger cross-sectional area of void between the solder joints.

Practical implications
This paper provides reliable insights to the effect of hourglass shape BGA on the encapsulation process that will benefit future development of BGA packages.

Originality/value
LBM numerical method was implemented in this research to study the flow behaviour of an encapsulation process in term of filling time of hourglass shape BGA. To date, no research has been found to simulate the hourglass shape BGA using LBM.
Using social return on investment analysis to calculate the social impact of modified vehicles for people with disability
Authors: Hutchinson Claire , Berndt Angela , Cleland Jenny , Gilbert‐Hunt Susan , George Stacey , Ratcliffe Julie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionReturning to driving is often a goal for people with acquired disabilities. Vehicle modifications make it possible for people with both acquired and lifelong disabilities to drive yet can be costly. There has been no financial evaluation of vehicle modifications in Australia or internationally.MethodsA social return on investment analysis of vehicle modifications was undertaken. Primary data were collected via qualitative interviews with consumers and other stakeholders (e.g. driver‐trained occupational therapists, rehabilitation physicians, driving instructors, vehicle modifiers) (n = 23). Secondary data were collected from literature searches and used to identify suitable financial proxies and make estimations of the proportion of drivers with vehicle modifications experiencing each outcome. A co‐investment model was adopted to estimate social return on investment and payback period for funder and consumer. Five scenarios were developed to illustrate social return for low‐cost modifications (Scenario 1) through to high‐cost modifications (Scenario 5).ResultsSocial return on investment ratios was positive for funder and consumer investment in all five scenarios. Social return on investment calculations based on co‐investment ranged from $17.32 for every $1 invested (Scenario 1) to $2.78 for every $1 invested (Scenario 5). Consumers' payback periods were between 5.4 and 7.1 months, and funders between 3.5 weeks and 2 years 8.4 months.ConclusionVehicle modifications represent sound investments for both funders and consumers. Given the short payback periods, funders should reconsider age restrictions on vehicles considered suitable for modifications, especially for low‐ to medium‐cost modifications.
Methane oxidation and methylotroph population dynamics in groundwater mesocosms
Authors: Kuloyo Olukayode , Ruff S. Emil , Cahill Aaron , Connors Liam , Zorz Jackie K. , Hrabe de Angelis Isabella , Nightingale Michael , Mayer Bernhard , Strous Marc 
Published: February 2020

SummaryExtraction of natural gas from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs by hydraulic fracturing raises concerns about methane migration into groundwater. Microbial methane oxidation can be a significant methane sink. Here, we inoculated replicated, sand‐packed, continuous mesocosms with groundwater from a field methane release experiment. The mesocosms experienced thirty‐five weeks of dynamic methane, oxygen and nitrate concentrations. We determined concentrations and stable isotope signatures of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrate and monitored microbial community composition of suspended and attached biomass. Methane oxidation was strictly dependent on oxygen availability and led to enrichment of 13C in residual methane. Nitrate did not enhance methane oxidation under oxygen limitation. Methylotrophs persisted for weeks in the absence of methane, making them a powerful marker for active as well as past methane leaks. Thirty‐nine distinct populations of methylotrophic bacteria were observed. Methylotrophs mainly occurred attached to sediment particles. Abundances of methanotrophs and other methylotrophs were roughly similar across all samples, pointing at transfer of metabolites from the former to the latter. Two populations of Gracilibacteria (Candidate Phyla Radiation) displayed successive blooms, potentially triggered by a period of methane famine. This study will guide interpretation of future field studies and provides increased understanding of methylotroph ecophysiology.
How behavioral plasticity enables foraging under changing environmental conditions in the social waspVespula germanica(Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: Moreyra Sabrina , Lozada Mariana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe foraging strategy at abundant resources of the social waspVespula germanicaincludes scanning in the direction of the nest while memorizing resource‐specific landmarks and contextual cues. In the present study, we sought to explore wasps’ behavioral plasticity on foraging trips to resources whose location and composition changed after a single visit. We evaluated how contextual modifications of food displacement and replacements 60 cm apart from the original site, affect re‐orientation for re‐finding previously memorized food resources. The results showed that wasps detected and collected the resource faster when more changes were introduced on the following visit. If returning foragers discovered several modifications on both the location and the kind of resource, they collected food more rapidly from the displaced dish, than if only a single parameter in the environment had been changed. These findings illustrate the grade of behavioral plasticity inV. germanicawhile foraging on abundant resources, which may contribute to the understanding of the prodigious invasive success of this species in anthropized environments.
The potential for microwave technology and the ideal profile method to aid in salt reduction
Authors: Barnett Sasha M. , Sablani Shyam S. , Tang Juming , Ross Carolyn F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study was the first to evaluate the influence of the combination strategies of flavor addition and microwave‐assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) processing for salt reduction implications. In freshly prepared mashed potatoes, a 30% and 50% salt reduction (w/w) in comparison to a 100% salt sample with three flavor variations (no additional flavor, garlic, and pepper) were investigated. Also, using the ideal profile method (IPM), the influence of MATS versus retort processing, in comparison to a freshly prepared sample, and flavor addition on mashed potato sensory properties and acceptance was investigated. Chemical characterization using the electronic tongue for nonvolatile compounds and headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME)/gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) for volatile analysis was completed. IPM revealed the ideal data were consistent at both the panel and consumer levels from a sensory and hedonic perspective. Results demonstrated the ideal mashed potato product would remain low in bitterness but have more intense pepper and potato aromas and flavors than the current samples evaluated. The salt level could be reduced by 50% while still maintaining flavor and overall acceptance in freshly prepared samples, but this was accompanied by a loss in saltiness intensity perception. The saltiness intensity was not different from the freshly prepared samples when processed via MATS but was different when processed by the retort. For chemical characterization, the electronic tongue showed a high discrimination index (>89%) and correlated highly (>0.8) with many sensory attributes. As salt concentration in the mashed potatoes decreased, the recovery of volatile compounds decreased. The present work contributes to the understanding of product reformulation for the purpose of salt reduction.Practical ApplicationProduct developers need strategies to bring salt down to target levels while maintaining consumer acceptance. The combination strategies of flavor addition and MATS processing may allow for a new strategy to assist product developers in reaching salt reduction targets. Furthermore, developers should bear in mind that noticeable intensity differences may not alter the preference for the product. Thus, intensity differences that result in changes in acceptance should be the focus of quality insurance rather than utilizing just noticeable differences.
Determination of norfloxacin residues in foods by exploiting the coffee‐ring effect and paper‐based microfluidics device coupling with smartphone‐based detection
Authors: Trofimchuk Evan , Nilghaz Azadeh , Sun Selina , Lu Xiaonan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBy utilizing the coffee‐ring effect and microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (µPADs), this study improved the sensitivity of the determination of norfloxacin in four different food matrices. Micro‐PADs in this study were fabricated by designing and embedding wax channels onto cellulose‐based filter paper through printing and subjecting the paper to heat to allow the wax to penetrate the paper. Determination of norfloxacin concentration in food samples was achieved by monitoring the colorimetric reaction that occurred between norfloxacin and the added iron (III) nitrate nonahydrate in 5 mM ammonia in each reaction chamber. A transition metal hydroxide was formed through this reaction that resulted in the formation of a solid precipitate to enable the antibiotic to bind to the iron molecule via coordination chemistry. This metal ion–antibiotic complex generated a visible color change. Following the colorimetric reaction, images were taken and subsequently analyzed via ImageJ to determine the relative pixel intensity that was used to infer norfloxacin concentration. The analytical sensitivity of this device was determined to be as low as 50 ppm when analyzing the inner‐ring reaction, and as low as 5 ppm when analyzing the outer coffee ring thereby allowing for an alternative cheaper, faster, and more user‐friendly method to detect norfloxacin than the conventional methods.Practical ApplicationThis novel paper‐based microfluidic device can achieve the detection of antibiotic residues in agrifoods in a faster, cheaper, and more user‐friendly manner.