bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient NoC router design by using an enhanced AES with retiming and clock gating techniques
Authors: Venkataraman N.L. , Kumar R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA system‐on‐a‐chip (SoC) processor core contains several numbers of chips integrated into a single chip where each and every integrated circuit (IC) consists of multiple blocks. Hence, data routing from one chip to another creates a difficult issue in the SoC. A network‐on‐a‐chip (NoC) router has been mainly used to obtain highly reliable data transmission from a source to a destination using low power, low hardware complexity, and high speed to achieve efficient routing in the SoC core, which contains a router, network links (NLs), and network interface (NI). The heart of the NoC core, ie, the router, consists of a finite state machine (FSM), input/output FIFO, a crossbar switch, and an arbiter; however, the XY routing technique was incorporated into the NoC router to achieve high switching speed, and the FSM is used as a controller for the router along with the data stored in FIFO. The multiplexing and demultiplexing operations were also carried out in the crossbar switch in which a grant signal is being generated using the compact round‐robin arbiter and an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) scheme, which is incorporated into the NoC router to achieve high reliability. The chief goal is to establish an efficient NoC router using an improved AES algorithm to achieve high reliability, small chip size, low power consumption, and high performance. Similarly, an optimized composite S‐box is designed using a compact multiplicative inverse unit with an improved inverse MixColumns structure proposed using compact 09, 0b, 0d, and 0e operations and retiming pipelined inclusively with clock gating methods (CGMs) applied in the targeted AES scheme. Hence, the retiming method can be used to shrink the number of registers by placing the register in an optimum location with low area and power in retiming‐based AES. The switching activity of the clock signal is reduced by using the CGM, which has low power consumption and high speed for clock gating–based AES. Therefore, the high performance–based AES is designed using a pipelined technique with high chip size and power due to the insertion of a large number of registers into the AES circuits. Five types of AES structures are designed, and the die size, delay, power, and 90% security with an optimized AES technique incorporated into a 3×3 NoC router with mesh topology are analyzed. Finally, the comparison between the existing and proposed NoC routers was carried out to analyze the area, delay, and power (ADP) product, and the NoC router design was formulated using Verilog HDL, and limitations along the synthesis process were executed using a ModelSim and Xilinx ISE tools.
Flame extension and the near field under the ceiling for travelling fires inside large compartments
Authors: Heidari Mohammad , Kotsovinos Panagiotis , Rein Guillermo 
Published: December 2019

SummaryStructures need to be designed to maintain their stability in the event of a fire. The travelling fire methodology (TFM) defines the thermal boundary condition for structural design of large compartments of fires that do not flashover, considering near field and far field regions. TFM assumes a near field temperature of 1200°C, where the flame is impinging on the ceiling without any extension and gives the temperature of the hot gases in the far field from Alpert correlations. This paper revisits the near field assumptions of the TFM and, for the first time, includes horizontal flame extension under the ceiling, which affects the heating exposure of the structural members thus their load‐bearing capacity. It also formulates the thermal boundary condition in terms of heat flux rather than in terms of temperature as it is used in TFM, which allows for a more formal treatment of heat transfer. The Hasemi, Wakamatsu, and Lattimer models of heat flux from flame are investigated for the near field. The methodology is applied to an open‐plan generic office compartment with a floor area of 960 m2 and 3.60 m high with concrete and with protected and unprotected steel structural members. The near field length with flame extension (fTFM) is found to be between 1.5 and 6.5 times longer than without flame extension. The duration of the exposure to peak heat flux depends on the flame length, which is 53 min for fTFM compared with 17 min for TFM, in the case of a slow 5% floor area fire. The peak heat flux is from 112 to 236 kW/m2 for the majority of fire sizes using the Wakamatsu model and from 80 to 120 kW/m2 for the Hasemi and Lattimer models, compared with 215 to 228 kW/m2 for TFM. The results show that for all cases, TFM results in higher structural temperatures compared with different fTFM models (600°C for concrete rebar and 800°C for protected steel beam), except for the Wakamatsu model that for small fires, leads to approximately 20% higher temperatures than TFM. These findings mitigate the uncertainty around the TFM near field model and confirm that it is conservative for calculation of the thermal load on structures. This study contributes to the creation of design tools for better structural fire engineering.
An investigation of chemical content, enzyme inhibitory propert, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Aristolochia bodamae Dingler (develiotu) (Aristolochiaceae) root extracts from Samsun, Turkey
Authors: Ozen Tevfik , Bora Neslihan , Yenigun Semiha , Korkmaz Hasan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present work aimed to evaluate the phytochemical contents of the methanol (ME), ethanol (ET), water (W), acetone (AC), ethyl acetate (EA), and hexane (HE) of Aristolochia bodamae root (ABR) as well as inhibition potential, antioxidative, and antimicrobial activities. The chemical composition analysis and antioxidant activity of ABR extracts were performed by commonly used assays. Antibacterial activities of ABR extracts were tested against three gram‐positive and three gram‐negative bacteria using disk diffusion and microdilution methods. The inhibition potential of the extract was adopted for urease and esterases. The extraction yield (27.10%), total phenolic (47.53 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), and flavonoid (9.74 mg quercetin equivalent/g) content of ABRME were found higher than other extracts. Vanillic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, p‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and protocatechuic acid were recognized as major components. ABRET, ABRHE, and ABREA extracts had a more effective total antioxidant activity than that of other extracts. The lipid peroxidation inhibition, H2O2, and superoxide scavenging activities of ABRME were found to be 35.94, 35.94, and 3.98 µg/mL, respectively. The ABRET exhibited a reduction force with the A0.5 values of 48.77 µg/mL. The inhibition levels of ABRAC and ABREA to esterases were determined to be more effective than galantamine. ABRME was identified as a more potent urease inhibitor (IC50: 188.42 µg/mL) than thiourea. ABRET demonstrated the antibacterial activity with the highest inhibition zone of 14.4 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The ABRET found the lowest MIC value against Bacillus cereus (128 µg/mL). In these in vitro studies, it has been found that ABR extracts were a good source of antioxidant, antibacterial, and inhibition potent when evaluated together with phenolic components.
Regression tree model for prediction of demand with heterogeneity and censorship
Authors: Ozhegov Evgeniy M. , Ozhegova Alina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this research we analyze a new approach for prediction of demand. In the studied market of performing arts the observed demand is limited by capacity of the house. Then one needs to account for demand censorship to obtain unbiased estimates of demand function parameters. The presence of consumer segments with different purposes of going to the theater and willingness‐to‐pay for performance and ticket characteristics causes a heterogeneity in theater demand. We propose an estimator for prediction of demand that accounts for both demand censorship and preferences heterogeneity. The estimator is based on the idea of classification and regression trees and bagging prediction aggregation extended for prediction of censored data. Our algorithm predicts and combines predictions for both discrete and continuous parts of censored data. We show that our estimator performs better in terms of prediction accuracy compared with estimators which account either for censorship or heterogeneity only. The proposed approach is helpful for finding product segments and optimal price setting.
Bestrophin1‐mediated tonic GABA release from reactive astrocytes prevents the development of seizure‐prone network in kainate‐injected hippocampi
Authors: Pandit Sudip , Neupane Chiranjivi , Woo Junsung , Sharma Ramesh , Nam Min‐Ho , Lee Gyu‐Seung , Yi Min‐Hee , Shin Nara , Kim Dong Woon , Cho Hyunsill , Jeon Byeong Hwa , Kim Hyun‐Woo , Lee C. Justin , Park Jin Bong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTonic extrasynaptic GABAA receptor (GABAAR) activation is under the tight control of tonic GABA release from astrocytes to maintain the brain's excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance; any slight E/I balance disturbance can cause serious pathological conditions including epileptic seizures. However, the pathophysiological role of tonic GABA release from astrocytes has not been tested in epileptic seizures. Here, we report that pharmacological or genetic intervention of the GABA‐permeable Bestrophin‐1 (Best1) channel prevented the generation of tonic GABA inhibition, disinhibiting CA1 pyramidal neuronal firing and augmenting seizure susceptibility in kainic acid (KA)‐induced epileptic mice. Astrocyte‐specific Best1 over‐expression in KA‐injected Best1 knockout mice fully restored the generation of tonic GABA inhibition and effectively suppressed seizure susceptibility. We demonstrate for the first time that tonic GABA from reactive astrocytes strongly contributes to the compensatory shift of E/I balance in epileptic hippocampi, serving as a good therapeutic target against altered E/I balance in epileptic seizures.
Association between pioglitazone use and head and neck cancer: Population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Yang Tzong‐Hann , Xirasagar Sudha , Cheng Yen‐Fu , Wu Chuan‐Song , Kao Yi‐Wei , Shia Ben‐Chang , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the association between pioglitazone use and the occurrence of head and neck cancer.MethodsData for this case‐control study were retrieved from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 21 464 diabetic patients newly diagnosed with head and neck cancers were identified. We used propensity score matching to select 64 392 comparison patients (3:1 ratio). Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to examine the association of head and neck cancer with pioglitazone use in the 5 years preceding the cancer diagnosis.ResultsBivariate analysis showed a significant difference in the prevalence of prior using pioglitazone between cases and controls (19.3% vs 18.5%, P < .001) was observed. Multiple regression analysis showed adjusted odds of pioglitazone use of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02‐1.10) among cases relative to controls.ConclusionsPrior pioglitazone use was associated with oral cavity cancer.
Thorough wetting and drainage of a peat lysimeter in a climate change scenario
Authors: Previati Maurizio , Canone Davide , Iurato Edoardo , Gisolo Davide , Ferrari Stefano , Teatini Pietro , Putti Mario , Ferraris Stefano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA peat deposit (Zennare basin, Venice coastland, Italy) was monitored in previous field studies to investigate the hydrological response of organic soil to meteorological dynamics. Field tests and modelling predictions highlighted the risk of the complete loss of this peat layer during the next 50 years, due to oxidation enhanced by the increased frequency of warmer periods. Unfortunately, despite the considerable impacts that are expected to affect peat bogs (in this area and worldwide), only a few experimental studies have been carried out to assess the hydrologic response of peat to severe water scarcity. Because of that, an undisturbed 0.7 m3 peat monolith was collected, transferred to the laboratory and instrumented. The total weight (representative of the water content dynamics of the peat monolith as a whole), and two vertical profiles of matric potentials and water content were monitored in controlled water‐scarce conditions. After an extended air‐drying period, the monolith was used as an undisturbed peat lysimeter and a complete cycle of wetting and drainage was performed. Supplementary measurements of matric potential ψ and water content θ were collected by testing peat subsamples on a suction table apparatus. A set of water retention curves was determined in a range of matric potentials broader (ψ down to −7 m) than the current natural conditions in the field (minimum ψ = −1 m). While water content at saturation showed values similar to those in the original natural conditions (θ ≅ 0.8), a remarkable loss of water holding capacity (even for low potentials) has been highlighted, especially in deep layers that are now permanently below the water table. The retention curves changed shape and values, with a more pronounced hysteresis visible in an increasing distance between wetting and drying data. Hydraulic non‐equilibrium between the water content and water potential could be a possible cause and it is worth modelling in future studies. The parameters of the van Genuchten retention curves were obtained for the wetting and the drying phases.
Study of isotopic seasonality to assess the water source of proglacial stream in Chhota Shigri Glaciated Basin, Western Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Ramanathan Alagappan , Arora Aman , Soheb Mohd , Mandal Arindan , Sharma Parmanand , Ranjan Shyam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe impact of surface melt patterns and the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) is examined on the varying contributions of end member (snow, glacier ice, and rain) to proglacial streamflow during the ablation period (June–October) in the Chhota Shigri glaciated basin, Western Himalaya. Isotopic seasonality observed in the catchment precipitation was generally reflected in surface runoff (supraglacial melt and proglacial stream) and shows a shift in major water source during the melt season. Isotopically correlated (δ18O–δD) high deuterium intercept in the surface runoff suggests that westerly precipitation acts as the dominant source, augmenting the other snow‐ and ice‐melt sources in the region. The endmember contributions to the proglacial stream were quantified using a three‐component mixing. Overall, glacier ice melt is the major source of proglacial discharge. Snowmelt is the predominant source during the early ablation season (June) and the peak ISM period (August and September), whereas ice melt reaches a maximum in the peak melt period (July). The monthly contribution of rain is on the lower side and shows a steady rise and decline with onset and retreat of the monsoon. These results are persistent with the surface melt pattern observed in Chhota Shigri glacier, Upper Chandra basin. Moreover, the role of the ISM in Chhota Shigri glacier is unvarying to that observed in other glacierized catchments of Upper Ganga basin. Thus, this study augments the significant role of the ISM in glacier mass balance up to the boundary of the central‐western Himalayan glaciated region.
The efficacy of intermittent preventive therapy in the eradication of peripheral and placental parasitemia in a malaria‐endemic environment, as seen in a tertiary hospital in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Umemmuo Maureen U. , Agboghoroma Chris O. , Iregbu Kenneth C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) eradicates peripheral and placental malaria and improves birth weight.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted of 426 pregnant mothers on IPTp with sulphadoxine‐pyrimethamine against malaria who presented in labor, at National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria between January and June 2017. The hospital is within the malaria‐endemic zone of West Africa. Consenting pregnant women with uncomplicated singleton term pregnancy who had antenatal care in the hospital and lived in the study area for at least 6 months were consecutively recruited. Peripheral and placental blood were collected and examined for malaria parasite by microscopy. Babies were weighed at birth.ResultsThe prevalence of peripheral malaria parasitemia and placental parasitization were 12.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.0–16.6) and 9.4% (95% CI 7.0–12.7), respectively. Parasite density in both peripheral parasitemia and placental parasitization was low among the women that took IPTp, decreasing with increasing doses, with no parasitemia or parasitization in women that took up to three doses. Birth weight was lower in babies of mothers with plasmodium infestation than in those without infestation (P<0.001, P=0.024).ConclusionIPTp reduces both peripheral parasitemia and placental parasitization, with the capacity to eliminate or prevent them. IPTp also reduces low birth weight.
METHODS OF INFILTRATION ESTIMATION FOR FURROW IRRIGATION†
Authors: Moravejalahkami Bita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInfiltration is an important evaluation parameter for furrow irrigation. In this study, most common methods for estimation of furrow irrigation infiltration, their weaknesses and strengths, have been reviewed and discussed to select the best method based on field conditions. Intake families, based on soil characteristic data, could be used as a starting point for analysing surface irrigation infiltration. Since furrow irrigation infiltration is affected by parameters such as soil characteristics and furrow irrigation hydraulic behaviour, the methods of estimating this parameter should reflect field irrigation conditions. In other words, the methods based only on advance time, such as the two‐point method, which is a small part of an irrigation event, could not have considered the soil infiltration during irrigation time. Infiltration is simulated more precisely using methods based on advance time and runoff data such as the multi‐level calibration method and volume balance approach. The execution times and iteration through the simulation algorithms were less for the volume balance approach when compared to the multi‐level calibration method. The variance techniques (based on average infiltration and considering infiltration variation) simulated infiltration almost the same as field measurements using a neutron probe. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral Iron for Prevention and Treatment of Rickets and Osteomalacia in Autosomal Dominant Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Högler Wolfgang , Kapelari Klaus 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemia (ADH) causes rickets, osteomalacia, and taurodontism due to heterozygous mutations in FGF23, which inhibit the inactivation (cleavage) of the encoded protein, the hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Iron deficiency increases FGF23 mRNA expression and recent evidence suggests that the recurrent, late-onset, or waxing-waning hypophosphatemic phenotype may be linked to synchronous variations in iron status. The fact that most adult symptomatic ADH patients are females during reproductive age supports the notion of a gene-environmental interaction. Practically all symptomatic hypophosphatemic patients described in the recent literature were also iron deficient (with/without anemia) at presentation, when measured. Given its interaction with FGF23, correcting iron deficiency should therefore also correct FGF23 excess. Following the original report of successful phenotype reversal in an iron-deficient ADH child using oral iron supplementation in 2015, more evidence has emerged that supports the use of the element iron to restore homoeostasis of the element phosphorus (in addition to its own). We put into perspective the recent evidence and add 14 years observational data on the original case that demonstrates the correlation of serum phosphorus and renal tubular phosphate reabsorption in mass per unit volume of glomerular filtrate (TmP/GFR) with serum ferritin. Presentation and relapse of ADH, 12 years apart, occurred during iron deficiency, and the onset of menstrual periods was associated with relapse. Here we propose management guidance for patients affected by ADH throughout the lifespan based on iron stores. Because ferritin correlates best with hypophosphatemia historically, and in long-term observation of the originally treated case, it should be used as the monitoring tool and kept in the normal range. Women with ADH who are of reproductive age and other risk groups require supplementation with oral iron using WHO guidelines. Treatment of this form of FGF23 excess may not require phosphate and active vitamin D, or burosumab. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Inhibition of Osteoclastogenesis by the RNA-Binding Protein QKI5: a Novel Approach to Protect from Bone Resorption
Authors: Rauwel Benjamin , Degboé Yannick , Diallo Katy , Sayegh Souraya , Baron Michel , Boyer Jean-Frédéric , Constantin Arnaud , Cantagrel Alain , Davignon Jean-Luc 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Increased osteoclastogenesis is a common feature of bone erosion, notably in osteoporosis but also in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarticular infections. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been described to impair monocyte differentiation into macrophages and dendritic cells. However, its effect on monocyte-derived osteoclasts is yet to be determined. We showed here that in vitro HCMV infection is associated with an inhibition of osteoclastogenesis through decreased expression of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) and RANK in monocytes, which was mediated by an upregulation of quaking I-5 protein (QKI-5), a cellular RNA-interacting protein. We found that deliberate QKI5 overexpression in the absence of HCMV infection is able to decrease CSF-1R and RANK expression, leading to osteoclastogenesis inhibition. Finally, by using lentiviral vectors in a calvarial bone erosion mouse model, we showed that QKI5 inhibits bone degradation. This work identifies QKI5 as a strong inhibitor of bone resorption. Future research will point out whether QKI5 could be a target for bone pathologies. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Abstract
HCMV infection inhibits osteoclastogenesis through a mechanism involving RNA binding protein QKI5. Overexpression of QKI5 protects from bone degradation and could be a new therapeutic target to limit bone erosion during osteoclast-related diseases.