bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of vaccinating infants with a 5 µg recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine and the need for a booster dose in China
Authors: Miao Ning , Zheng Hui , Sun Xiaojin , Zhang Guomin , Wang Fuzhen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 2002, China integrated hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) into its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) using HepB vaccine containing 5 µg of antigen. Although not recommended nationally, there was a common clinical practice in China of screening children for anti-HBs antibody level and giving a booster dose to HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative children with non-protective anti-HBs antibody levels. We report an evaluation of the protective effectiveness of the 5 µg HepB vaccine and the serological response to the booster dose. We used data from a 2014 hepatitis B serological survey to determine HBsAg positivity and anti-HBs antibody levels among children who received and did not receive a booster dose. We determined HepB coverage from the Children Immunization Information Management System (CIIMS). We obtained and analyzed reports of acute Hepatitis B (AHB) during 2008–2014 obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS). The HBsAg-positive rate among children who had not received a booster dose was 0.41%, and did not increase with age (i.e., time since infant immunization). The anti-HBs positivity rate among the 6% of children who received a booster dose (88.41%) was higher than among those who had not received a booster (60.85%); anti-HBs antibody levels declined with age regardless of booster dose status. There was no statistically significant difference in HBsAg positivity between children who received a booster dose and those who did not. The AHB incidence among children born between 2002 and 2007 did not increase with age. Use of routine 5 µg HepB vaccine was not associated with an increase in AHB or of HBsAg positivity by time since vaccination, providing supportive evidence that individuals vaccinated with the 5 µg HepB vaccine do not need a booster dose. Although a booster dose was associated with increases in anti-HBs antibody levels, our study provided no evidence to support the need for this clinical practice. We should continue to strengthen serological monitoring of children, especially for those born to HBsAg positive mothers.
Invasion front dynamics in disordered environments
Authors: Azimzade Youness , Sasar Mahdi , Maleki Iraj 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInvasion occurs in environments that are normally spatially disordered, however, the effect of such a randomness on the dynamics of the invasion front has remained less understood. Here, we study Fisher’s equation in disordered environments both analytically and numerically. Using the Effective Medium Approximation, we show that disorder slows down invasion velocity and for ensemble average of invasion velocity in disordered environment we have $$\bar{v}=v_0 (1-|\xi |^2/6)$$

v

¯

=

v
0

(
1
-
|
ξ
|

2

/
6
)

where $$|\xi |$$

|
ξ
|

is the amplitude of disorder and $$v_0$$

v
0

is the invasion velocity in the corresponding homogeneous environment given by $$v_0=2\sqrt{RD_0}$$

v
0

=
2

R

D
0

. Additionally, disorder imposes fluctuations on the invasion front. Using a perturbative approach, we show that these fluctuations are Brownian with a diffusion constant of: $$D_{C}= \dfrac{1}{8} \xi ^2\sqrt{RD_0 (1-|\xi |^2/3)}$$

D
C

=

1
8

ξ
2

R

D
0

(
1
-
|
ξ
|

2

/
3
)

. These findings were approved by numerical analysis. Alongside this continuum model, we use the Stepping Stone Model to check how our findings change when we move from the continuum approach to a discrete approach. Our analysis suggests that individual-based models exhibit inherent fluctuations and the effect of environmental disorder becomes apparent for large disorder intensity and/or high carrying capacities.
Combinatorial discovery of small-molecule 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids exhibiting lower critical solution temperature phase transition
Authors: Chu Yen-Ho , Cheng Mou-Fu , Chiang Yung-Hsin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBoth lower and upper critical solution temperature (LCST and UCST) systems are two typical phase behaviors of thermoresponsive materials with solvents, in which LCST is far less common than UCST. Recent studies on ionic liquids carrying LCST phase transitions have predominantly focused on quaternary ammonium- and phosphonium-based ionic salts. Based on the 1,2,3-triazole core structure assemblable by azide-alkyne cycloaddition click reaction, this work reports the combinatorial synthesis of 1,3,4-trialkylated 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids in three libraries with a total of 160 ionic liquids and demonstrates, for the first time, their values in temperature-switchable phase transition with water. In this work, the successful discovery of a new thermoresponsive ionic liquid b26, based on the structure-and-phase separation study of b8 and b9, perfectly exemplified the true value of the tunability of ionic liquid fine structures. For all 160 ionic liquids synthesized, 155 are liquid at room temperature and 22 room-temperature ionic liquids were found to exhibit thermoresponsive phase transitions having low Tc values in water. To the best of our knowledge, this comprehensive study is the first report of small-molecule 1,2,3-triazolium ionic liquids that exhibit LCST property in water.
Clinical thresholds for diagnosing iron deficiency: comparison of functional assessment of serum ferritin to population based centiles
Authors: Sezgin Gorkem , Monagle Paul , Loh Tze Ping , Ignjatovic Vera , Hoq Monsurul , Pearce Christopher , McLeod Adam , Westbrook Johanna , Li Ling , Georgiou Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLow serum ferritin is diagnostic of iron deficiency, yet its published lower cut-off values are highly variable, particularly for pediatric populations. Lower cut-off values are commonly reported as 2.5th percentiles, and is based on the variation of ferritin values in the population. Our objective was to determine whether a functional approach based on iron deficient erythropoiesis could provide a better alternative. Utilizing 64,443 ferritin test results from pediatric electronic health records, we conducted various statistical techniques to derive 2.5th percentiles, and also derived functional reference limits through the association between ferritin and erythrocyte parameters: hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width. We find that lower limits of reference intervals derived as centiles are too low for clinical interpretation. Functional limits indicate iron deficiency anemia starts to occur when ferritin levels reach 10 µg/L, and are largely similar between genders and age groups. In comparison, centiles (2.5%) presented with lower limits overall, with varying levels depending on age and gender. Functionally-derived limits better reflects the underlying physiology of a patient, and may provide a basis for deriving a threshold related to treatment of iron deficiency and any other biomarker with functional outcomes.
Deep phenotypic characterization of immunization-induced antibacterial IgG repertoires in mice using a single-antibody bioassay
Authors: Heo Millie , Chenon Guilhem , Castrillon Carlos , Bibette Jérôme , Bruhns Pierre , Griffiths Andrew D. , Baudry Jean , Eyer Klaus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAntibodies with antibacterial activity need to bind to the bacterial surface with affinity, specificity, and sufficient density to induce efficient elimination. To characterize the anti-bacterial antibody repertoire, we developed an in-droplet bioassay with single-antibody resolution. The assay not only allowed us to identify whether the secreted antibodies recognized a bacterial surface antigen, but also to estimate the apparent dissociation constant (KD app) of the interaction and the density of the recognized epitope on the bacteria. Herein, we found substantial differences within the KD app/epitope density profiles in mice immunized with various species of heat-killed bacteria. The experiments further revealed a high cross-reactivity of the secreted IgG repertoires, binding to even unrelated bacteria with high affinity. This application confirmed the ability to quantify the anti-bacterial antibody repertoire and the utility of the developed bioassay to study the interplay between bacteria and the humoral response.
Osteopontin binds ICOSL promoting tumor metastasis
Authors: Raineri Davide , Dianzani Chiara , Cappellano Giuseppe , Maione Federica , Baldanzi Gianluca , Iacobucci Ilaria , Clemente Nausicaa , Baldone Giulia , Boggio Elena , Gigliotti Casimiro L. , Boldorini Renzo , Rojo Josè M. , Monti Maria , Birolo Leila , Dianzani Umberto , Chiocchetti Annalisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractICOSL/ICOS are costimulatory molecules pertaining to immune checkpoints; their binding transduces signals having anti-tumor activity. Osteopontin (OPN) is here identified as a ligand for ICOSL. OPN binds a different domain from that used by ICOS, and the binding induces a conformational change in OPN, exposing domains that are relevant for its functions. Here we show that in vitro, ICOSL triggering by OPN induces cell migration, while inhibiting anchorage-independent cell growth. The mouse 4T1 breast cancer model confirms these data. In vivo, OPN-triggering of ICOSL increases angiogenesis and tumor metastatization. The findings shed new light on ICOSL function and indicate that another partner beside ICOS may be involved; they also provide a rationale for developing alternative therapeutic approaches targeting this molecular trio.
Guardians of the genome: DNA damage and repair
Authors: Wu Qian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This collection of reviews aims to summarise our current understanding of a fundamental question: how do we deal with DNA damage? After identifying key players that are important for this process, we are now starting to reveal the dynamic organisation of detecting and repairing DNA damage. Reviews in this issue provide an update on the exciting research progress that is happening now in this field and also initiate discussion about future challenges and directions that we are heading to.
Individuelle, evidenzbasierte Ernährung des medizinischen Spitalpatienten: Wo stehen wir heute?
Authors: Mueller Marlena , Braun Nina Kaegi , Baumgartner Annic , Tribolet Pascal , Stanga Zeno , Schütz Philipp 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungEvidenzbasierte Medizin berücksichtigt die Grundsätze „Beste wissenschaftliche Evidenz“, „Klinische Expertise“ und „Patientenpräferenzen“ und bildet damit die Basis der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung in der modernen Medizin. Ziel ist, die Ernährungsmedizin in gleicher Weise zu praktizieren.Groß angelegte klinische Studien sind Voraussetzung, um die Ernährungsmedizin wissenschaftlich auf das Niveau der evidenzbasierten Ernährungsmedizin zu heben.Die Ernährungsmedizinische Forschung steht traditionell vielen Herausforderungen gegenüber. Aufgrund fehlender, hochqualitativer randomisierter Studien war es in der Vergangenheit schwierig, einen hohen Evidenzgrad für Ernährungsmedizinische Fragestellungen zu erlangen und in einigen Bereichen der Ernährungsmedizin ist die Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit von Ernährungsinterventionen noch immer unzureichend.In den letzten Jahren wurden aber große Fortschritte auf dem Weg zur evidenzbasierten Ernährungsmedizin gemacht. Neue Erkenntnisse aus aktuellen, groß angelegten klinischen Studien und systematischen Analysen haben z. B. die bedeutenden klinischen Verbesserungen, die mit einer zielgerichteten Ernährungstherapie bei mangelernährten hospitalisierten Patienten assoziiert sind, aufgezeigt und damit eine wichtige Lücke im Wissen der Ernährungsmedizin geschlossen.
Telemedizin in der Raumfahrt
Authors: Hinkelbein Jochen , Kerkhoff Steffen , Miesen Mirko , Schmitz Jan 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMedizinische Maßnahmen während Raumfahrtmissionen erfordern ein hohes Maß an Planung in Bezug auf die Durchführbarkeit von auf der Erde bekannten Maßnahmen. Variationen in Bezug auf Gravitation, Strahlung und einer veränderten menschlichen Physiologie bedingen, dass etablierte Verfahren auf die Gegebenheiten des Weltalls wissenschaftlich evaluiert werden. Gerade in Bezug auf kommende Langzeitmissionen zum Mars oder einem ständigen Aufenthalt von Menschen auf dem Mond, bei dem nicht in kürzester Zeit Kontakt zur Erde, zu Experten oder einer möglichen Evakuierung zurück zur Erde gewährleistet werden kann, erfordern eine gute, präventive Planung. Dabei stellt die Telemedizin einen wesentlichen Faktor für die Versorgung dar.
Caustic ingestion: development and validation of a prognostic score
Authors: Tosca Joan , Villagrasa Rosana , Sanahuja Ana , Sanchez Ana , Trejo Galo Antonio , Herreros Belen , Pascual Isabel , Mas Pilar , Peña Andres , Minguez Miguel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Caustic ingestion is a potentially severe condition and early identification of poor outcome is essential to improve management; however, prediction based on endoscopy alone can overestimate severity. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic score.
Methods A prospective cohort study was designed to include all consecutive patients aged > 15 years who presented with caustic ingestion between 1995 and 2017. Adverse outcome was defined by intensive care unit admission, urgent surgery, or death. The predictive value of clinical, analytical, and endoscopic variables was assessed in the first cohort (derivation cohort) and a prognostic score based on the resulting risk factors was developed by logistic regression. Internal validation (bootstrapping) was performed and then external validation was checked in an independent sample of patients (validation cohort).
Results 469 cases of caustic ingestion were included, 265 in the derivation cohort and 204 in the validation cohort. Ingestion of acidic substances (odds ratio [OR] 3.13, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.33 – 4.21), neutrophil count (OR 1.05, 95 %CI 1.04 – 1.06), metabolic acidosis (bicarbonate value, OR 0.82, 95 %CI 0.78 – 0.85), and endoscopic injury (OR 3.81, 95 %CI 3.35 – 4.34) were independent risk factors for poor outcome. The prognostic score based on these variables provided better accuracy than endoscopy alone (P = 0.04), with high sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (93.3 %, 92.7 %, 72.7 %, 98.5 %, respectively), and area under the curve (0.976, 95 %CI 0.973 – 0.979; P < 0.001).
Conclusions This score allowed a reliable prognosis of caustic ingestion and was more accurate than endoscopy-based evaluation.
Ligamentization and Remnant Integration: Review and Analysis of Current Evidence and Implications for Scapholunate Reconstruction
Authors: Lindsay Tim A.J. , Myers Harley R. , Tham Stephen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Scapholunate interosseous ligament injuries are common but remain a therapeutic challenge. Current treatment modalities prioritize restoration of normal anatomy with reconstruction where appropriate. To date no reconstructive technique has been described that discusses the potential benefit of preservation of the scapholunate ligament remnant. Little is known about the “ligamentization” of grafts within the wrist. However, a growing body of knee literature suggests that remnant sparing may confer some benefit. In the absence of wrist specific studies, this literature must guide areas for potential augmentation of current surgical practices.
Objective The purpose of this study was to perform a review of the process of ligamentization and a systematic review of the current literature on the possible role of ligament sparring and its effect on ligamentization.
Methods A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify all the studies related to remnant sparing and the ligamentization of reconstructed tendons, regardless of graft type or joint involved from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed until February 1, 2016 using the following keywords: ligamentization, graft, remodelling, reconstruction, biomechan*, histolo∗, scapholunate ligament. Each selected study was evaluated for methodological quality and risk of bias according to a modified Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation criteria.
Conclusions The available literature suggests that ligament sparring demonstrated a trend toward improvements in vascularity, mechanoreceptors, and biomechanics that lessens in significance over time.
Clinical Relevance This review suggests that remnant sparing may be one way to improve outcomes of scapholunate ligament reconstructive surgery.
Level of Evidence This is a level I/II, review study.
Retrocerebellar Ependymal Cyst Presenting with Obstructive Hydrocephalus in an Infant
Authors: Panero Pérez Irene , Martin Munarriz Pablo , Hernandez Lain Aurelio , Eiriz Fernández Carla , Garcia Pérez Daniel , Miguel Moreno Gómez Luis , Estaban Sinovas Olga , Pascual Beatriz , Lagares Abascal Alfonso 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntracranial ependymal cysts (ECs) are rare benign lesions. They are frequently asymptomatic and arise in the supratentorial regions. Retrocerebellar ECs is a rare location. We present a case of 3-months-old infant who developed obstructive hydrocephalus, bulging fontanel, and macrocephaly secondary to a retrocerebellar EC. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large retrocerebellar cyst that compressed the cerebellum and the brainstem, producing fourth ventricle outlet obstruction and supratentorial hydrocephalus. Microsurgical fenestration of the cyst to the obex of the fourth ventricle and a cystic wall biopsy were performed. The procedure improved supratentorial hydrocephalus, as well as the patient's clinical condition. A histopathological study confirmed the diagnosis of an EC.As far as we know, after a thorough review of the literature, this is the first reported case of retrocerebellar EC. It is a rare cause of hydrocephalus due to outlet obstruction of the fourth ventricle. Treatment of the cause itself was shown to be effective.
Adenoviral Respiratory Infection-Associated Mortality in Children: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Spaeder Michael C. , Stewart Claire , Sharron Matthew P. , Noether Julia R. , Martinez-Schlurman Natalia , Kavanagh Robert P. , Signoff Jessica K. , McCrory Michael C. , Eidman Daniel B. , Subbaswamy Anjali V. , Shea Paul L. , Harwayne-Gidansky Ilana , Ninmer Emily K. , Sheram Mary Lynn , Watson Christopher M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractViral respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness and hospitalization in young children worldwide. Case fatality rates in pediatric patients with adenoviral lower respiratory tract infection requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission have been reported between 7 and 22%. We investigated the demographics and clinical characteristics in pediatric mortalities associated with adenoviral respiratory infection at 12 academic children's hospitals in the United States. There were 107 mortality cases included in our study, 73% of which had a chronic medical condition. The most common chronic medical condition was immunocompromised state in 37 cases (35%). The incidences of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (78%) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (94%) were profound. Immunocompetent cases were more likely to receive mechanical ventilation within the first hour of ICU admission (60 vs. 14%, p < 0.001) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (27 vs. 5%, p = 0.009), and less likely to receive continuous renal replacement therapy (20 vs. 49%, p = 0.002) or have renal dysfunction (54 vs. 78%, p = 0.014) as compared with immunocompromised cases. Immunocompromised cases were more likely to have bacteremia (57 vs. 16%, p < 0.001) and adenoviremia (51 vs. 17%, p < 0.001) and be treated with antiviral medications (81 vs. 26%, p < 0.001). We observed a high burden of nonrespiratory organ system dysfunction in a cohort of pediatric case fatalities with adenoviral respiratory infection. The majority of cases had a chronic medical condition associated with an increased risk of complications from viral respiratory illness, most notably immunocompromised state. Important treatment differences were noted between immunocompromised and immunocompetent cases.
Post-Newtonian limit of teleparallel Horndeski gravity
Authors: Bahamonde Sebastian , Dialektopoulos Konstantinos F , Hohmann Manuel , Said Jackson Levi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider the newly proposed Bahamonde–Dialektopoulos–Levi Said (BDLS) theory, that is the Horndeski analog in the teleparallel framework and thus contains a non-minimally coupled scalar field, including higher order derivatives, that leads however to second order field equations both for the tetrad and the scalar field. This theory was mostly constructed to revive those models that were severely constrained in the scalar–tensor version of the theory from the GW170817, but includes also much richer phenomenology because of the nature of the torsion tensor. For this theory we determine the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) limit, calculate the full set of post-Newtonian parameters and highlight some special cases.
Neutron rate estimates in MAST based on gyro-orbit modelling of fast ions
Authors: Sperduti A. , Cecconello M. , Conroy S. , Snicker A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A discrepancy between predicted and measured neutron rates on MAST using TRANSP/NUBEAM has previously been observed and a correction factor of about 0.6 was needed to match the two: this correction factor could not be accounted for by the experimental uncertainties in the plasma kinetic profiles nor in the NBI energy and power (Cecconello et al 2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 016006). Further causes of this discrepancy are here studied by means of TRANSP/NUBEAM and ASCOT/BBNBI simulations. Different equilibria, toroidal field ripples, uncertainties on the NBI divergence value and gyro-orbit effects were studied and simulations were performed with both transport codes. It was found that the first three effects accounted for only a 5% variation in the fast ion density. On the other hand, full gyro-orbit simulations of the fast ions dynamics carried out in ASCOT/BBNBI resulted in an approximately 20% reduction of the fast ion population compared to TRANSP/NUBEAM. A detailed analysis of the fast ion distributions showed how the drop occurred regardless of the energy at pitch values ⩽−0.4. The DRESS code was then used to calculate the neutron rate at the neutron camera detector’s location showing that the discrepancy is considerably reduced when the full gyro-orbit fast ion distribution is used, with now the correction factor, used to match experimental and predicted neutron rates, being around 0.9.