bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence of patients with diabetic macular oedema to intravitreal injections: A systematic review
Authors: Rose Monique A. , Vukicevic Meri , Koklanis Konstandina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to review adherence rates to intravitreal injections in the treatment of diabetic macula oedema and to identify factors associated with adherence. A systematic search of Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL was conducted up to May 2020. Two authors independently screened, selected and appraised the studies. Seven articles on anti‐VEGF treatment were found to meet the inclusion criteria. No studies were found on intravitreal corticosteroids or dexamethasone implants. Attendance rates varied between studies from 35% to 85%. The rate of missed or delayed attendance ranged from 14% to 51%, whereas 25% of patients were lost to follow‐up at 12 months. Non‐adherence was found to be multifactorial and included patient related reasons, demographic characteristics and clinical factors. Enablers to adherence included patient understanding of the disease and treatment. Further research in this area is warranted in order to better understand adherence in these patients and to improve patient outcomes.
Squeezed by a habitat split: Warm ocean conditions and old‐forest loss interact to reduce long‐term occupancy of a threatened seabird
Authors: Betts Matthew G. , Northrup Joseph M. , Guerrero Jennifer A. Bailey , Adrean Lindsay J. , Nelson S. Kim , Fisher Jennifer L. , Gerber Brian D. , Garcia‐Heras Marie‐Sophie , Yang Zhiqiang , Roby Daniel D. , Rivers James W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTheory predicts that species requiring multiple habitat types simultaneously should have heightened sensitivity to anthropogenic pressures, yet tests of this prediction are especially rare. We tested whether breeding site occupancy of the threatened marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) was driven by the synergistic effects of nesting habitat loss in forests, and changing ocean conditions. We paired 70,700 murrelet surveys at 19,837 sites across 20 years from the Oregon Coast Range with annual data on the extent of old forest and biophysical ocean conditions. Dynamic occupancy models indicated that local murrelet colonization rates were strongly reduced during warm ocean conditions with low prey availability. Landscapes that contained more old forest and were closer to the ocean showed reduced rates of local extinction. Given predictions of accelerated ocean warming and increased global timber demand, our results suggest murrelets may continue to be imperiled by deterioration of the two habitats upon which they depend.
Policy interactions in large‐scale marine protected areas
Authors: Gruby Rebecca L. , Gray Noella J. , Fairbanks Luke , Havice Elizabeth , Campbell Lisa M. , Friedlander Alan , Oleson Kirsten L.L. , Sam King , Mitchell Lillian , Hanich Quentin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs) have proliferated in recent years, now accounting for most of the world's MPA coverage. However, little is known about LSMPA outcomes and the factors that affect them. Here we argue that policy interactions—the cumulative effect of co‐existing policies for an issue and/or geographical area—can play a critical, but under‐recognized, role in influencing LSMPA design and outcomes. We analyze interactions between national LSMPAs within Palau and Kiribati, and regional fisheries management established by the Nauru Agreement to show how policy actors can account for policy interactions in LSMPA design, and to demonstrate the profound influence that policy interactions can have on the economic and conservation outcomes of LSMPAS. We draw on our analysis to distill lessons for our case studies and LSMPAs globally. We emphasize that policy interactions are dynamic and malleable: they should be proactively managed to stimulate synergy and address conflict. Understanding and managing policy interactions is complex and context‐specific, requiring dedicated resources, cross‐sectoral coordination, and sophisticated scientific and practical policy expertise. To avoid undesirable consequences and capitalize on opportunities to secure multiple benefits, we recommend that policy actors systematically evaluate, monitor, and adapt to policy interactions throughout LSMPA design and implementation.
Levels of conflict over wildlife: Understanding and addressing the right problem
Authors: Zimmermann Alexandra , McQuinn Brian , Macdonald David W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflicts are complex and defy simple explanations and solutions. The fields of conflict analysis and peacebuilding offer insights into the intensity, intractability, and possible approaches to addressing different kinds of conflict. Building on these fields, as well as advances in conservation practice, we adapt a framework for human–wildlife conflict that consists of three levels of conflict over wildlife: Level 1 conflicts are disputes over issues such as crop or livestock loss or concerns about safety, yet typically involve relatively high tolerance of the damage‐inducing species. In level 2 conflicts, in addition to visible impact of wildlife, there is a history of unsatisfactory attempts to address these issues, creating underlying resentment, tensions, and a sense of injustice among at least one of the parties. Level 3 conflicts are deep‐rooted and become intertwined with the identities of the parties and community involved, and extend to broader tensions over social identities and clashing values and beliefs. Such conflicts require mediated reconciliation dialogues and conflict transformation approaches. A structured understanding how to address a conflict before it escalates to a deeper level is fundamental for managing conservation challenges as complex and dynamic as conflicts over wildlife.
Correlation and the omitted variable: A tale of two prices
Authors: Han Xing , Pan Zheyao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe offer a new perspective on the low‐beta anomaly by acknowledging the omitted‐variable problem in the correlation component of beta: Correlation is “plagued” by firm size (the omitted variable) to exhibit a negative price. Once isolating the size impact, a hidden positive price emerges for the size‐orthogonalized component of correlation. Further analyses suggest that (a) the positive price of the size‐orthogonalized component is not due to mispricing, supporting the return comovement‐based pricing channel; (b) the negative price of the size‐explained component is related to illiquidity and coskewness.; (c) the omitted‐variable problem also applies to the pricing of beta.
A cross‐lagged model of depressive symptoms and mobility disability among middle‐aged and older Chinese adults with arthritis
Authors: Yang Rumei , Wang Jingxia , Wang Haocen , Tracy Eunjin Lee , Tracy Cory T 
Published: August 2020

AimTo examine the reciprocal and longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and mobility disability in middle‐aged and older Chinese adults with arthritis.MethodsWe used three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The analytic sample included 4682 community‐dwelling adults aged ≥45 years with arthritis who completed the self‐report measurement of depressive symptoms and mobility disability every 2 years over a 4‐year study period. Analysis involved an autoregressive cross‐lagged model.ResultsThe prevalence rates of comorbid depressive symptoms and mobility disability were 38.9%, 33.2% and 38.9%, respectively across three waves. There was a significant bidirectional and longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and mobility disability among middle‐aged and older Chinese adults with arthritis. A higher level of depressive symptoms in previous waves was associated with a subsequent increase in mobility disability over time. A similar pattern was also shown in the opposite direction from mobility disability to depressive symptoms over time.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that depressive symptoms and mobility disability are reciprocally related in Chinese adults with arthritis over time. In addition, it highlights the importance of early interventions aimed at reversing the downward spiral of depressive symptoms and mobility disability to improve the health of Chinese adults with arthritis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 873–877.
Medico‐Legal Aspects of Concussion
Authors: Evans Randolph W. , Strutt Adriana M. 
Published: August 2020

Concussion and the sequelae have been controversial medico‐legal issues for over 150 years. The following topics which are also important in clinical practice are discussed: definitions of concussion, neuroimaging, onset and prognosis of headaches, cognitive impairment, cognitive rehabilitation, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and risk of later development of dementia.
Effect of the exercise programme on the quality of life of prostate cancer survivors: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mardani Abbas , Pedram Razi Shadan , Mazaheri Reza , Haghani Shima , Vaismoradi Mojtaba 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the exercise programme on the quality of life of prostate cancer (PCa) survivors.MethodsA randomized controlled, parallel trial was conducted from April 2017 to January 2018 on 80 PCa survivors. They were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (n = 40 in each group). The exercise programme was designed based on the self‐management approach (SMA). The intervention group participated in a 12‐week exercise programme consisting of one session of group exercise and three sessions of individual exercise per week using exercise facilities in the community. Data were collected using the quality of life questionnaires and the follow‐up checklist.ResultsIn the intervention group, statistically significant improvements in physical, role, emotional, social and sexual functions were reported. Also, the patients in this group reported reduced fatigue, insomnia, constipation, diarrhoea, urinary, bowel and hormonal treatment‐related symptoms in comparison with before the exercise programme (p < 0.05).ConclusionsNurses are suggested to plan for improving the participation of PCa survivors in exercise programmes using exercise facilities in the community in order to reduce the complications of treatment and improve their quality of life.
Where are our patients? Retrospective cohort study of acute medical unit admissions during and prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lange Peter W. , Gazzard Meg , Walker Samantha , Hilton Joshua J. , Haycock Shasha , Wagstaff Jessica F. R. , Ward Grantley A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdmissions to hospital have declined markedly during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. This may be due to patients not presenting with acute illness or managing their chronic illness at home. We reviewed a cohort admitted to the Acute Medical Unit of the Royal Melbourne Hospital during and before the pandemic and found admissions were more acutely unwell and more comorbid. This may lead to worse outcomes for those not presenting, as well as those presenting late. We recommend a public health campaign to encourage Australians to present to hospital if unwell.
Industry tournament incentives and audit fees
Authors: Tan Yiqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractI examine whether industry tournament incentives of CEOs are associated with audit fees. I find that industry tournament incentives, measured by the compensation gap between a CEO under consideration and the second‐highest‐paid CEO among similar industries, reduce audit fees. Also, this effect is more pronounced for firms with a high level of mobility and managerial ability. To establish causality, I employ a difference‐in‐differences approach to compare the change in audit fees before and after the implementation of FAS 123R. My finding holds after I account for potential endogeneity, different industry classifications, and CFO incentive effects.
Rounding up performance measures in German firms: Earnings cosmetics or earnings management on a larger scale?
Authors: Lebert Sebastian , Mohrmann Ulf , Stefani Ulrike 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe use Benford's Law to provide evidence that German firms round up both their net income and earnings per share. We use the introduction of the euro to show that round earnings numbers are likely the result of earnings management. The incentive to round up comes from stakeholders’ left‐digit bias when processing the information in financial statements. Since round numbers are natural benchmarks, stakeholders perceive the performance metrics directly below such thresholds as abnormally lower. However, rounding up is objectionable only if it involves large‐scale earnings management, but not in cases of negligible ‘earnings cosmetics’. Because the difference between the pre‐managed and reported earnings is unobservable, we investigate whether the prevalence of rounding up coincides with specific levels of several earnings characteristics and proxies for audit quality. If the rounding up is cosmetic, then it should occur independently of these characteristics. In contrast, if firms use earnings management on a larger scale, then it might not be possible to simultaneously round up and achieve other objectives of earnings management. Our evidence is in line with substantial earnings management.
Esophago‐pericardial fistula after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A review
Authors: Back Sternick Eduardo , Soares Correa Frederico , Ferber Drumond Leonardo , Albuquerque Carreiro Rodrigo , Alves Rabelo Manuela , de Tarso Vaz de Oliveira Paulo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionMuch have been reported about esophago‐left atrium fistula. However, esophago‐mediastinal fistula, not reaching the left atrium, has not been studied as a different clinical entity, with different management.Methods and ResultsWe review and discuss the literature of esophago‐mediastinum fistula after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with emphasis on the following points: the timing of its occurrence after ablation; the mechanisms and localization of the fistula; and its natural history.ConclusionWe showed that esophageal stenting was associated with a better outcome in patients with esophagus‐mediastinal fistula, introduced the concept of left atrial wall weakening during ablation, and suggest a possible role of contact force use in fistula formation.
Is cognitive inflexibility a missing link? The role of cognitive inflexibility, alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty in externalising and internalising behaviours in young people with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ozsivadjian Ann , Hollocks Matthew J. , Magiati Iliana , Happé Francesca , Baird Gillian , Absoud Michael 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundInternalising (anxiety and low mood) and externalising (aggressive or outburst behaviours, and irritability) difficulties are very common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across the life span, relatively stable over time and often associated with poorer quality of life. Understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying internalising and externalising difficulties in ASD is essential for developing targeted supports and interventions. In the present study, we investigated established and less‐researched cognitive factors hypothesised to contribute to internalising and/or externalising difficulties in ASD, namely cognitive inflexibility (CI), intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and alexithymia. Based on previous models and clinical experience, we hypothesised that IU would lead to internalising symptoms, with alexithymia contributing to this pathway, and that CI would have a direct effect on externalising behaviours and may indirectly contribute to internalising symptoms via increasing IU.MethodsOur sample consisted of 95 5‐ to 18‐year‐olds presenting to a specialist neurodevelopmental clinic and receiving a diagnosis of ASD. Parents/caregivers completed questionnaires assessing ASD symptomatology, internalising and externalising difficulties, CI, IU and alexithymia. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the hypothesised pathways and relationships between the main variables of interest.ResultsCognitive Inflexibility played a significant direct role in the pathway from ASD symptoms to externalising symptoms in ASD, and indirect role via IU in the pathway to internalising problems. Relationships between alexithymia and both internalising and externalising symptoms were weaker, with alexithymia predicting internalising difficulties via IU only.ConclusionsThe finding of a direct pathway from CI to externalising behaviours is novel, as is the indirect role of CI in internalising symptomatology. Of the three cognitive mechanisms examined, only CI significantly predicted externalising symptoms. Possible implications for interventions and supports targeting these cognitive processes in ASD are discussed.
Effects of activated charcoal powder combined with toothpastes on enamel color change and surface properties
Authors: Palandi Samuel da Silva , Kury Matheus , Picolo Mayara Zaghi Dal , Coelho Camila Siqueira Silva , Cavalli Vanessa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of activated charcoal powder (COAL) combined with regular (RT) or whitening (WT) toothpastes on enamel color and surface in comparison to carbamide peroxide (CP).MethodsDental blocks (n = 10/group) were randomly divided into COAL, COAL/RT, COAL/WT, CP, CP/RT, CP/WT, RT, WT, and CONT (without treatment). Simulated toothbrushing and whitening treatments were followed by colorimetric (ΔE00, L*, a*, b*), surface roughness (Ra), and enamel topography assays. ΔE00 was submitted to two‐way ANOVA and Tukey test. Color coordinates and Ra were tested with three‐way repeated measures ANOVA (α = 5%).ResultsCOAL exhibited greater ΔE00 than CONT (P = .048), but it did not enhance ΔE00 promoted by RT or WT (P > .05). COAL alone increased Ra (P < .001) and altered enamel topography. COAL did not increase Ra caused by RT and WT (P > .05). CP exhibited the highest ΔE00 (P < .05), but it raised Ra and changed enamel topography to a less extent than COAL.ConclusionEven though charcoal powder did not increase enamel Ra when combined with toothpastes, the topography was negatively impacted by COAL. Also, COAL was unable to enhance the color change of RT and WT, or reach the effectiveness of CP.Clinical SignificanceThe use of activated charcoal‐based product, claimed as a natural whitener, before brushing with toothpastes is not only ineffective to change the color of teeth, but also it might result in alterations on the enamel surface. Whitening with CP, instead, was effective during the same period of treatment, which still represents a more appropriate technique to whiten teeth.
Movement and habitat use of striped marlin Kajikia audax in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Rohner Christoph A. , Bealey Roy , Fulanda Bernerd M. , Pierce Simon J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStriped marlin Kajikia audax are globally Near Threatened and their stock in the Indian Ocean was last assessed as “overfished and subject to overfishing”. Significant gaps in our understanding of their ecology remain, hampering the efforts of fisheries managers to ensure stock sustainability. There is a particular lack of fisheries‐independent data. Here we present the results from the first large‐scale satellite tracking study of K. audax in the Indian Ocean. We tagged 49 K. audax with pop‐up archival satellite‐linked tags off the Kenyan coast from 2015 to 2019. Individuals were highly mobile, covering horizontal distances of up to 9187 km over periods ranging up to 183 days, with a mean daily distance of ~48 km. Long‐distance movements were recorded to the east and north of East Africa, with the most distant tracks extending north to the Arabian Sea and east to near the Maldives. None of the K. audax swam south of East Africa. Kernel utilization distributions of fish locations demonstrated their shifting seasonal activity hotspots. Over the sport‐fishing season (and tagging period) in Kenya, from December to March, K. audax typically stayed off the East African coast. After March, the activity hotspot shifted north to a region close to the Horn of Africa and Socotra Island. Remotely sensed sea surface temperature and chlorophyll‐a maps indicated that this seasonal movement could be driven by a shift in prey availability. Our results show the high mobility of K. audax in the Western Indian Ocean, and that individuals seasonally range between two major fishing areas.
Tilapia lake virus: The story so far
Authors: Surachetpong Win , Roy Sri Rajiv Kumar , Nicholson Pamela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a highly contagious pathogen that has detrimental effects on tilapia farming. This virus was discovered in 2014 and has received tremendous global attention from the aquaculture sector due to its association with high fish mortalities and its strong economic impact on the tilapia aquaculture industry. Currently, TiLV has been reported in 16 countries, and this number is continuing to rise due to improved diagnostic assays and surveillance activities around the world. In this review, we summarize the up‐to‐date knowledge of TiLV with regard to TiLV host species, the clinical signs of a TiLV infection, the affected tissues, pathogenesis and potential disease risk factors. We also describe the reported information concerning the virus itself: its morphology, genetic make‐up and transmission pathways. We review the current methods for virus detection and potential control measures. We close the review of the TiLV story so far, by offering a commentary on the major TiLV research gaps, why these are delaying future TiLV research and why the TiLV field needs to come together and proceed as a more collaborative scientific community if there is any hope limiting the impact of this serious virus.
Virtual Articulators and Virtual Mounting Procedures: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Lepidi Luca , Galli Matthew , Mastrangelo Filiberto , Venezia Pietro , Joda Tim , Wang Hom‐Lay , Li Junying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA virtual articulator is a computer software tool that is capable of reproducing the relationship between the jaws and simulating jaw movement. It has gradually gained research interest in dentistry over the past decade. In prosthodontics, the virtual articulator should be considered as an additional diagnostic and treatment planning tool to the mechanical articulator, especially in complex cases involving alterations to the vertical dimension of occlusion. Numerous authors have reported on the available digital methodologies used for the assembly of virtual arch models in a virtual articulator, focusing their attention on topics such as the virtual facebow and digital occlusal registration. To correctly simulate jaw movement, the jaw models have to be digitalized and properly mounted on the virtual articulator. The aim of this review was to discuss the current knowledge surrounding the various techniques and methodologies related to virtual mounting in dentistry, and whether virtual articulators will become commonplace in clinical practice in the future. This review also traces the history of the virtual articulator up to its current state and discusses recently developed approaches and workflows for virtual mounting based on current knowledge and technological devices.