bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of artemisinin on proliferation and apoptosis of human liver cancer HepG2 cells
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Zhi-ye , Yu Hai-bo , Xue Qing , Qu Xiu-sheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
This study will examine the effects of artemisinin on proliferation and apoptosis of human liver cancer HepG2 cells (HLCHG-2C).

Methods:
This study will systematically retrieve potential literatures in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, WANGFANG, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from their initiation to the February 29, 2020. There are not limitations related to the language and publication time. All case-controlled studies (CCSs) or randomized controlled studies (RCSs) will be included in this study which investigated the effects of artemisinin on proliferation and apoptosis of HLCHG-2C. Two independent investigators will examine searched records, collect data from included studies, and will identify their methodological quality. Any divergences will be disentangled by discussion with another investigator. RevMan 5.3 software will be placed to pool the data and to carry out data analysis.

Results:
This study will summarize all eligible studies to test the effects of artemisinin on proliferation and apoptosis of HLCHG-2C.

Conclusion:
The results of this study will exert evidence to examine the effects of artemisinin on proliferation and apoptosis of HLCHG-2C, and it may benefit further research, patients, and healthcare providers.

Systematic review registration:
INPLASY202040075.
An investigation into the impact of enteric coated of aspirin in patients with newly diagnosed ischemic stroke (ECASIS)
Authors: Elshafei Mohamed Nabil , Imam Yahia , Mohamed Mouhand F.H. , AlSaud Arwa Ebrahim , Ahmed Mohamed Sayed , Obeidat Khaldun , Saeid Razan , Ali Mohamed , Abdallah Ibtihal M. , Parray Aeijaz Sultan , Danjuma Mohammed Ibn-Masoud 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Uncertainty remains regarding the impact of enteric-coated (EC) aspirin as it relates to the reduction of cardiovascular risk. We hypothesize that EC formulation based on a previous report may blunt aspirin response as evidenced by reduced Thromboxane A2 (TXA 2) levels in diabetic patients. Thus, it was imperative to ascertain and validate the effect of the EC formulation of Aspirin on the Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) level.

Methods/design:
An open-label consecutive randomized interventional controlled trial. Patients with newly diagnosed ischemic stroke who are just about to start Aspirin were assessed for eligibility and inclusion in our trial. Consecutive patients (admitted to the stroke unit of Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar) will be randomized to receive either EC aspirin or plain Aspirin. They will be required to continue taking them throughout the study (3 days). Demographics and laboratory records of the study participants will be abstracted from online records. Further study variables will be obtained manually in designated case record forms (CRF). The primary outcomes are the incidence of aspirin non-responders (level of residual serum TXB2 associated with elevated thrombotic risk (<99.0% inhibition or TXB2 >3.1 ng/mL) within 72 h after three daily aspirin doses). Whereas secondary outcomes are the incidence of GIT bleeding of various preparations of Aspirin. The study was approved by MRC and IRB of Hamad Medical Corporation (MRC number: 01-18-156).

Discussion:
This trial will determine potential differences in the efficacy of EC Aspirin and plain Aspirin on the Thromboxane B2 level. Additionally, it will ascertain the tolerability and safety of both formulations of Aspirin in patients with newly diagnosed ischemic stroke. These results will either support the current notion of no difference between the two formulations. However, if a difference is found, this will invite for future trials exploring clinical outcomes occurrence between various formulations.

Clinical trial registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04330872 registered on April 2, 2020
Is postoperative hyponatremia a real threat for total hip and knee arthroplasty surgery?
Authors: Sinno Ennio , De Meo Daniele , Cavallo Armando Ugo , Petriello Luisa , Ferraro Daniele , Fornara Gianluca , Persiani Pietro , Villani Ciro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Postoperative hyponatremia (POH) is thought to be a fearsome complication of orthopedic surgery. Primary aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the incidence of POH and its clinical relevance in elective surgery, outlining differences between total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty, looking for the presence of any risk factor commonly related to POH.
Four hundred two patients that underwent total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty performed between 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively examined. Serum electrolytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, and creatinine were evaluated preoperatively and at day 0-I-II from surgery. Age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, drugs, surgery data, transfusions, postoperative symptoms, and length of stay (LOS) were determined. All surgeries were performed by the same equipe. Patients had the same perioperative management, excluded those that took thiazides, already at risk of POH.
Patients were divided in 2 groups: group A, patients with normal postoperative natremia (294 patients) and group B, patients who developed POH (108, 26.9%); 66.7% of these developed POH within 24 hours postoperatively. In group B mean postoperative natremia was 133.38 (127.78–134.85) mmol/L. Two patients (1.8%) developed moderate hyponatremia, no severe hyponatremia was documented. Type of surgery, operation time, LOS, and presence of postoperative symptoms did not show statistically significant differences within groups. At multivariate logistic analysis chronic use of thiazides was the only variable associated to a decreased risk of developing POH (OR = 0.39; P = .03). Hemoglobin postoperative values (OR = 1.22; P = .03), the need of postoperative transfusion (OR = 2.50; P = .02) and diabetes (OR = 2.70; P = .01) were associated to an increased risk of POH.
Although 26.9% of our patients exhibited POH, the onset of this disorder had no implication on postoperative symptoms and on LOS. Diabetes and transfusion are factors most often associated to POH.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor as a potential candidate for phosphate sensing
Authors: Takashi Yuichi , Fukumoto Seiji 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
Phosphate plays essential roles in many biological processes. Serum phosphate level needs to be regulated because hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia cause rickets/osteomalacia and ectopic calcification, respectively. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is the principal hormone to regulate serum phosphate level. FGF23 is produced by the bone and works to reduce serum phosphate level by binding to FGF receptor (FGFR) 1c and α-Klotho complex in the kidney. It has been unclear how the bone senses the changes of serum phosphate level and how the bone regulates the production of FGF23.

Recent findings
Our recent results indicate that high extracellular phosphate activates FGFR1c. Its downstream intracellular signalling pathway regulates the expression of GALNT3 encoding a protein involved in the regulation of the posttranslational modification of FGF23 protein. This FGFR1c-GALNT3 axis is considered to be the main regulatory mechanism of enhanced FGF23 production in response to high phosphate.

Summary
We propose that FGFR1c works as a phosphate-sensing molecule in the regulation of FGF23 production and serum phosphate level. Feedback system is present in the regulation of serum phosphate involving FGFR1c and FGF23. These findings uncover so far unrecognized function of FGFR and molecular basis of phosphate sensing.
Relation between pharmacological stress ECG, 13NH3-PET/CT outcome and the occurrence of cardiac events during follow-up in women with chest pain
Authors: van der Zant Friso M. , Maurits Wondergem , Lazarenko Sergiy V. , Broos Wouter A.M. , Umans Victor A.W.M. , Cornel Jan Hein , Knol Remco J.J. 
Published: May 2020

Aim
Evaluation of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in women referred for 13NH3-PET/CT in relation to scan outcome and pharmacological stress ECG (PxECG) results.

Patients and methods
Six hundred twenty-four women, referred for 13NH3-PET/CT between 2012 and 2016, were included. Demographic data and MACE during follow-up (407 ± 207 days) were retrieved from electronic patient charts. 13NH3-PET/CT was scored as either normal or abnormal. PxECG was scored as negative, non-diagnostic or positive. PxECG was compared with 13NH3-PET/CT and related to MACE.

Results
The 13NH3-PET/CT was normal in 482/624 (77%) and abnormal in 142/624 (23%). PxECG was negative in 234/624 (38%), non-diagnostic in 365/624 (58%) and positive in 25/624 (4%). 13NH3-PET/CT was normal in 87, 71 and 72% with normal, nondiagnostic and positive PxECG, respectively. 41/624(7%) experienced a MACE, 38 with abnormal 13NH3-PET/CT versus three with normal 13NH3-PET/CT (P < 0.001). MACE occurred in 5/234 (0.9%), 31/365 (8%) and 5/25 (20%) with normal, non-diagnostic and positive PxECG, respectively (P < 0.001). No MACEs were seen in 204 with both normal PxECG and 13NH3-PET/CT versus 5/30(17%) with normal PxECG but abnormal 13NH3-PET/. No MACE occurred in 3/260(1%) with non-diagnostic PxECG and normal 13NH3-PET/CT versus 28/105(27%) with non-diagnostic PxECG and abnormal 13NH3-PET/CT. 0/18 with positive PxECG and normal 13NH3-PET/CT showed MACE versus 5/7(71%) with a positive PxECG and abnormal 13NH3-PET/CT.

Conclusion
Normal 13NH3-PET/CT is most prevalent in women with normal PxECG. The occurrence of MACE during follow-up is more frequently related to an abnormal 13NH3-PET/CT than to PxECG. Furthermore, in women with positive PxECG but normal 13NH3-PET/CT no MACE are to be expected.
Combined role of lymph node ratio and serum thyroglobulin levels in predicting prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Jeon Subin , Kwon Seong Young , Ryu Young Jae , Kang Sae-Ryung , Yoo Su Woong , Cho Sang-Geon , Kim Jahae , Song Ho-Chun , Sohn Seok-Joon , Bom Hee-Seung , Min Jung-Joon 
Published: May 2020

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate a prognostic value of the extent of metastatic lymph node combined with TSH-stimulated serum thyroglobulin (sTg) measured just before radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Methods
The retrospective study included 468 patients with PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy with neck dissection and postoperative RAI therapy. The extent of metastatic lymph node was evaluated with the lymph node ratio (LNR) which was defined as the number of metastatic lymph nodes out of the number of total removed lymph nodes. We investigated which factors could significantly predict persistent or recurrent disease (PRD).

Results
LNR ≥0.4 (P = 0.002) and sTg ≥6.0 ng/mL (P < 0.001) were associated with PRD in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only male [hazard ratio: 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–4.66, P = 0.014] and sTg (hazard ratio: 9.35, 95% CI: 4.44–19.67, P < 0.001) were associated with PRD prediction. When we divided patients into two groups (patients with sTg level < 6.0 ng/mL and those with sTg level ≥ 6.0 ng/mL), LNR (≥0.4) was a significant predictor of PRD in patients with sTg <6.0 ng/mL (hazard ratio: 4.38, 95% CI: 1.22–15.72, P = 0.024).

Conclusions
LNR ≥0.4 was a significant predictor of PRD when the sTg level was <6.0 ng/mL. LNR should be used in combination with a relatively low level of serum sTg to predict the prognosis of patients with PTC.
Opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction
Authors: Snyder Diana L. , Vela Marcelo F. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
Chronic opioid use is common and can cause opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction (OIED). We will discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of OIED.

Recent findings
OIED is diagnosed based on symptoms, opioid use, and manometric evidence of distal esophageal spasm, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, achalasia type III, or jackhammer esophagus. Chronic opioid use appears to interfere with inhibitory signals involved in control of esophageal motility, allowing for unchecked excitatory stimuli, and leading to spastic contractility and impaired esophagogastric junction relaxation. Patients may present with dysphagia and chest pain. OIED is significantly more prevalent in patients taking the stronger opioids oxycodone and hydrocodone compared with the weaker opioid tramadol. Based on 24-h morphine equivalent doses, patients with OIED take higher opioid doses than those without OIED. Impaired inhibitory signaling was recently demonstrated in a study showing reduced deglutitive inhibition during multiple rapid swallows in patients taking opioids.

Summary
OIED is frequent in chronic opioid users undergoing manometry for esophageal symptoms, especially at higher doses or with stronger opioids. OIED appears to be due to impaired inhibitory signals in the esophagus. Opioid cessation or dose reduction is recommended, but studies examining management of OIED are lacking.
Urological malignancies in neurogenic patients
Authors: Liu Bonnie , Welk Blayne 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
To review recent literature related to urologic malignancies in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). We performed a literature search of electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and CIANHL), with a focus on articles published between January 2015 and December 2019.

Recent findings
Recent reports demonstrate a lower incidence of bladder cancer in the NLUTD population than previously found, although still significantly higher than the general population. Bladder cancer in patients with NLUTD is usually diagnosed at a younger age, and is associated with higher rates of squamous cell cancer, a higher stage at presentation, and increased mortality. Evidence for screening for bladder cancer in NLUTD is conflicting, with no formal protocols proven for general use. NLUTD has been shown to have a lower rate of prostate cancer, and may be associated with an earlier diagnosis of renal cancer.

Summary
Genitourinary malignancies, although still rare, are an important source of morbidity and mortality in patients with NLUTD. Physicians should recognize that bladder cancer in NLUTD is often a lethal disease. Further research is needed to assist physicians with early recognition of these malignancies to improve patient outcomes.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in prostate and urothelial cancer
Authors: Brönimann Stephan , Lemberger Ursula , Bruchbacher Andreas , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Hassler Melanie R. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to give an overview of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) trials in prostate cancer and to discuss emerging approaches with potential future clinical implementation in both prostate and urothelial cancer.

Recent findings
PARPis are a class of drugs that can be applied for the treatment of homologous recombination repair (HRR)-deficient tumors. Tumors are potentially sensitive to PARPi harbor mutations in genes relevant for DNA damage repair, such as BRCA1/2 or ATM, which are present to a significant degree in metastatic prostate and urothelial cancer patients. Several PARPis have been successfully tested in clinical trials for HRR-deficient metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and olaparib and rucaparib have recently received breakthrough approval in BRCA1/2 mutated mCRPC. Combination treatment of PARPis with androgen-receptor inhibitors or with checkpoint inhibitors and earlier frontline applications are currently being evaluated, and clinical trials enrolling bladder cancer (BCa) patients with HRR deficiency have recently been initiated.

Summary
Approximately 10% of mCRPC patients and 34% of metastatic BCa patients have tumors with HRR deficiency and may benefit from PARPi treatment. Correct identification of these patients as well as determining the most adequate time point for drug administration will be key to successful clinical implementation.
Where do urologists stand in the era of novel coronavirus-2019 disease
Authors: Hughes Thomas , Ho Hui Ching , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Somani Bhaskar Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
The novel coronavirus-2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had devastating consequences on healthcare systems globally. The effect this has on urologists and the patients they care for is not fully understood and presents the challenge of prioritizing the most urgent cases. We aim to review the impact on urology services and evaluate strategies to minimize disruption.

Recent findings
Various healthcare systems have been forced to postpone treatment for many urological conditions as resources are dedicated to the treatment of COVID-19. Training has been postponed as staff are reallocated to areas of need. Face-to-face contact is largely minimized and innovative, virtual communication methods are used in the outpatient setting and multidisciplinary team meetings. Surgical practice is changing because of the risks posed by COVID-19 and procedures can be prioritized in a nonurgent, low priority, high priority or emergency category.

Summary
Although the COVID-19 pandemic will inevitably affect urological services, steps can be taken to mitigate the impact and prioritize the patients most in need of urgent care. Similarly, in future; simulation, e-learning and webinars will allow interaction to share, discuss and debate focused training and education.
Association of Cow's Milk Protein Allergy Prevalence With Socioeconomic Status in a Cohort of Chilean Infants
Authors: Arancibia María E. , Lucero Yalda , Miquel Isabel , Marchant Pamela , Rodriguez Lorena , Alliende Francisco , Ríos Gloria , Maturana Andrés 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to compare the cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) prevalence in 2 cohorts of children from different socioeconomic strata.Methods:Prospective birth cohort that included patients from 2 hospitals providing care for a low‐ and high‐income population, respectively. Healthy newborns ≥34 gestational weeks were recruited and followed up to 12 months by a monthly telephone survey. If ≥2 predefined symptoms/signs suggestive of CMPA were detected, the patient was evaluated by a pediatric gastroenterologist. Diagnosis was confirmed by exclusion diet followed by open oral food challenge.Results:Overall the prevalence of CMPA was 5.2%, with a 6 times higher prevalence in the high income cohort (9.2%) compared with the low‐income group (1.5%; relative risk 6.2; 95% confidence interval 1.8–20.7; P = 0.0005). All the cases were non‐immunoglobulin E–mediated with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms. High‐income cohort did have higher frequency of C‐section, mother's previous chronic disease, mother's history of atopy/food allergy, older age, and higher educational level of parents. Parent smoking and presence of pets at home were more frequent in the low‐income cohort. Multiple logistic regression showed that the high‐income cohort did have older age and higher educational level of both parents.Conclusion:In these cohorts the prevalence of CMPA was higher than reported previously in other developing countries and significantly higher in the high‐income group. Our findings were associated with sociodemographic characteristics of the parents.
Assessing Needs and Experiences of Preparing for Medical Emergencies Among Children With Cancer and Their Caregivers
Authors: Mueller Emily L. , Cochrane Anneli R. , Moore Courtney M. , Jenkins Kelli B. , Bauer Nerissa S. , Wiehe Sarah E. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Caregivers of children with cancer can experience stress when seeking care in the emergency department (ED). We sought to assess how caregivers prepare for and manage a medical emergency that arises in the community setting.

Methods:
A qualitative evaluation of ED visit preparations taken by children with cancer and their caregivers using self-reported interactive toolkits. Eligible participants included children with cancer (age: 11 to 21 y) currently receiving therapy for cancer diagnosis with an ED visit (besides initial diagnosis) within the previous 2 months and caregivers of same. Participants received a paper toolkit, which were structured as experience maps with several generative activities. Toolkits were transcribed, thematically coded, and iteratively analyzed using NVivo 12.0 software.

Results:
A total of 25 toolkits were received (7 children, 18 caregivers), with about three quarters of participants living >1 hour from the treating institution. Several important common themes and areas for improvement emerged. Themes included struggles with decision-making regarding when and where to seek ED care, preparing to go to the ED, waiting during the ED visit, repetition of information to multiple providers, accessing of ports, and provider-to-provider and provider-to-caregiver/patient communication.

Conclusions:
The information gained from this study has the potential to inform a tool to support this population in planning for and managing emergent medical issues. This tool has the potential to improve patient and caregiver satisfaction, patient-centered outcomes, and clinical outcomes.
Fatigue and Sleep Disturbance in Arabic Cancer Patients After Completion of Therapy
Authors: Al Maqbali Mohammed , Hughes Ciara , Rankin Jane , Dunwoody Lynn , Hacker Eileen , Gracey Jackie 
Published: May 2020

Background
Fatigue and sleep disturbance are 2 of the most common and distressing cancer symptoms that negatively affect quality of life.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of, and factors contributing to, fatigue and sleep disturbance in Arabic-speaking cancer patients in Oman after completion of their cancer treatment.

Methods
A cross-sectional and descriptive correlational design was used. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index where a score of >5 indicated as poorer sleep, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Fatigue a score of ≤34 indicating clinically significant fatigue, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General.

Results
Of the 369 patients who participated, 77.5% (n = 286) reported clinically significant fatigue, and 78% (n = 288) reported poor sleep. Fatigue (P < .05) was significantly associated with age, cancer site, months since diagnosis, type of treatment received, and comorbidity. Those experiencing fatigue and poor sleep had the lowest quality of life among the cancer patients studied.

Conclusion
Fatigue and sleep disturbance are significant problems for the Arabic patients diagnosed with cancer. Both fatigue and sleep disturbance should be routinely assessed in the case of such patients.

Implications for Practice
Routine assessments of fatigue and sleep disturbance are recommended so that appropriate interventions and treatment management plans can be introduced to reduce fatigue and improve sleep quality among patients with cancer.