bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between autism spectrum disorder and eating disorders with and without self-induced vomiting: an empirical study
Authors: Numata Noriko , Nakagawa Akiko , Yoshioka Kazuko , Isomura Kayoko , Matsuzawa Daisuke , Setsu Rikukage , Nakazato Michiko , Shimizu Eiji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Although approximately 23% of anorexia nervosa (AN) patients have concomitant autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is clinically difficult to determine ASD coexistence in patients with eating disorders. Restrictive AN is more common in younger patients and self-induced vomiting usually appears during adolescence/young adulthood, in order to prevent gaining weight caused by overeating. However, some patients are tolerant of weight gain even if they start overeating. It is important to understand the essential difference between those who vomit and those who do not vomit. In this study, we hypothesised that the absence of self-induced vomiting may be associated with the presence of ASD and aimed to assess the presence of ASD traits in each eating disorder (EDs). Clarifying this association helps to consider the coexistence of ASD in the clinical setting and can lead to the next detailed ASD evaluation, and as a result, helps to determine the appropriate treatment and support individually.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 43 females aged 15–45 years who attended Chiba University Hospital between 2012 and 2016 using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) to quantify the severity of the EDs and to identify whether ASD traits were present.Results: There was no difference in the AQ score between bingeing-purging type AN and restricting type AN. However, there was significant difference in the AQ score between bulimia nervosa and binge EDs (BED). Of the 4 ED subtypes, BED had the highest ASD traits. The non-vomiting group with illness duration <4 years had a significantly higher AQ communication score than the vomiting group with illness duration ≥ 4 years.Conclusions: There was a difference in the AQ score by the presence or absence of self-induced vomiting. The results of this study suggest an association between high scores on AQ and non-vomiting. Thus, evaluation of patients for the absence of self-induced vomiting while assessing them for EDs may help us to understand the association with ASD traits.
A combination of herbal compound (SPTC) along with exercise or metformin more efficiently alleviated diabetic complications through down-regulation of stress oxidative pathway upon activating Nrf2-Keap1 axis in AGE rich diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Rahimi Golbarg , Heydari Salime , Rahimi Bahare , Abedpoor Navid , Nicktab Iman , Safaeinejad Zahra , Peymani Maryam , Forootan Farzad Seyed , Derakhshan Zahra , Esfahani Mohammad Hossein Nasr , Ghaedi Kamran 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: SPTC is a mix of four herbal components (Salvia officinalis, Panax ginseng, Trigonella foenum-graeceum, and Cinnamomum zeylanicum) which might be prevented the development of AGE rich diet-induced diabetic complication and liver injury through activated the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related-factor-2 (Nrf2) pathway. Nrf2, as a master regulator of antioxidant response elements by activating cytoprotective genes expression, is decreased oxidative stress that associated with hyperglycemia and increases insulin sensitivity. the aim of this study was to assess whether the combination therapy of SPTC along with exercise or metformin moderate oxidative stress related liver injurie with more favorable effects in the treatment of AGE rich diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Methods: We induced diabetes in C57BL/6 mice by AGE using a diet supplementation and limitation of physical activity. After 16 weeks of intervention, AGE fed mice were compared to control mice. Diabetic mice were assigned into seven experimental groups (each group; n=5): diabetic mice, diabetic mice treated with SPTC (130 mg/kg), diabetic mice treated with Salvia Officinalis (65 mg/kg), diabetic mice treated with metformin (300 mg/kg), diabetic mice with endurance exercise training, diabetic mice treated with SPTC+metformin (130/300 mg/kg), diabetic mice treated with SPTC+exercise training.Results: SPTC+exercise and SPTC+metformin reduced diabetic complications like gain weight, water and calorie intake, blood glucose, insulin, and GLUT4 content more efficiently than each treatment. These combinations improved oxidative stress hemostasis by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and attenuating keap1 protein more significantly.Conclusions: Eventually, combined treatment of SPTC with exercise or metformin as a novel approach had more beneficial effects to prevent the development of diabetes and oxidative stress associated with hyperglycemia.
Gene Expression Profiling for the Diagnosis of Multiple Primary Malignant Tumors
Authors: Zheng Yu , Sun Yifeng , Kuai Yue , Fu Guoxiang , An Huimin , Chen Jinyun , Chen Jinying , Zhu Jiajun , Wo Yixin , Wu Yiwang , Song Kaibin , Xu Qinghua , Wu Di , Huang Deshuang , Wang Qifeng , Pan Hongming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The incidence of multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs) is rising due to the development of screening technologies, significant treatment advances and increased aging of the population. For patients with a prior cancer history, identifying the tumor origin of the second malignant lesion has important prognostic and therapeutic implications and still represents a difficult problem in clinical practice. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the performance of a 90-gene expression assay and explored its potential diagnostic utility for MPMTs across a broad spectrum of tumor types. Thirty-five MPMT patients from Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were enrolled; 73 MPMT specimens met all quality control criteria and were analyzed by the 90-gene expression assay. Results: For each clinical specimen, the tumor type predicted by the 90-gene expression assay was compared with its pathological diagnosis, with an overall accuracy of 93.2% (68 of 73, 95% confidence interval: 0.84-0.97). For histopathological subgroup analysis, the 90-gene expression assay achieved an overall accuracy of 95.0% (38 of 40; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99) for well-moderately differentiated tumors and 92.0% (23 of 25; 95% CI, 0.82-0.99) for poorly or undifferentiated tumors, with no statistically significant difference (p-value > 0.5). For squamous cell carcinoma specimens, the overall accuracy of gene expression assay also reached 87.5% (7 of 8; 95% CI, 0.47-0.99) for identifying the tumor origins. Conclusions: The 90-gene expression assay provides flexibility and accuracy in identifying the tumor origin of MPMTs. Future incorporation of the 90-gene expression assay in pathological diagnosis will assist oncologists in applying precise treatments, leading to improved care and outcomes for MPMT patients.
The dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in diet-induced prediabetic male Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Mosili Palesa , Mkhize Bongeka Cassandra , Ngubane Phikelelani , Sibiya Ntethelelo , Khathi Andile 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in type 2 diabetic patients, a condition preceded by pre-diabetes, has been shown to increase the risk of depression as well as cause downstream effects resulting in upregulation of gluconeogenesis and dyslipidemia. In addition, stress, either psychological from managing diabetes or lifestyle related, further activates the HPA axis causing an exaggerated stress response. This study investigated the activity of the HPA axis in selected markers of glucose handling, and the stress response relative to components of the HPA axis in a diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model. Methods: Sprague Dawley Rats were randomly divided into non-prediabetic group (NPD) and pre-diabetic group (PD) (n=6, per group) over a 20-week induction period and a further 12-week experimental period to get 32 weeks. At the end of the 20 and 32-week periods, glucose handling using the Homeostasis Model Assessment indices, adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were measured. Stress was induced and the forced swim test (FST) were performed in the 12-week experimental week. At the end of 32 weeks glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hippocampal receptors were measured too. Results: Impaired glucose handling in the PD group as well as increase in corticosterone (CORT) was observed at the end of both 20 and 32-week periods by comparison to NPD groups. No changes were observed in ACTH concentration at week 20 while, at week 32, a decrease in plasma ACTH concentration was observed in the PD group by comparison to the NPD group. The stressed-induced animals were stressed underwent the forced swim test: the behaviour observed showed an increase in immobility time in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD group. This was followed by the observation of a decrease in ACTH and CORT concentration in the PD stressed group by comparison to the NPD stressed group. Mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors gene expression were elevated in the stressed PD group relative to the stressed NPD group. Conclusion: These observations, together, suggest that diet-induced pre-diabetes is associated with impaired HPA axis activity and deteriorating response to stress.
High expression level of serpin peptidase inhibitor clade E member 2 is associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dokuni Ryota , Nagano Tatsuya , Jimbo Naoe , Sato Hiroki , Kiriu Tatsunori , Yasuda Yuichiro , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Tachihara Motoko , Kobayashi Kazuyuki , Maniwa Yoshimasa , Nishimura Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have revealed that serpin peptidase inhibitor clade E member 2 (SERPINE2) is associated with tumorigenesis. However, SERPINE2 expression and its role in lung adenocarcinomas are still unknown.Methods: The expression levels of SERPINE2 in 74 consecutively resected lung adenocarcinomas were analyzed by using immunostaining. Inhibition of SERPINE2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was detected by quantitative PCR. Cell number assays and cell apoptosis assays were performed to clarify the cell-autonomous function of SERPINE2 in A549 and PC9 lung cancer cells.Results: The overall survival of patients with high SERPINE2 expression was significantly worse than that of patients with low SERPINE2 expression (P=0.0172). Multivariate analysis revealed that SERPINE2 expression was an independent factor associated with poor prognosis (P=0.03237). The interference of SERPINE2 decreased cell number and increased apoptosis in A549 and PC9 cellsConclusion: These results suggest that SERPINE2 can be used as a novel prognostic marker of lung adenocarcinoma.
Computational Barthel Index: An Automated Tool for Assessing and Predicting Activities of Daily Living Among Nursing Home Patients
Authors: Wojtusiak Janusz , Asadzadehzanjani Negin , Levy Cari , Alemi Farrokh , Williams Allison E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Assessment of functional ability, including Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), is a manual process completed by skilled health professionals. In the presented research, an automated decision support tool, the Computational Barthel Index Tool (CBIT), was constructed that can automatically assess and predict probabilities of current and future ADLs based on patients’ medical history.Methods: The data used to construct the tool include the demographic information, inpatient and outpatient diagnosis codes, and reported disabilities of 181,213 residents of the Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) Community Living Centers. Supervised machine learning methods were applied to construct the CBIT. Temporal information about times from the first and the most recent occurrence of diagnoses was encoded. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to tune hyperparameters, and independent test sets were used to evaluate models using AUC, accuracy, recall and precision. Random forest achieved the best model quality. Models were calibrated using isotonic regression.Results: The unabridged version of CBIT uses 578 patient characteristics and achieved average AUC of 0.94 (0.93-0.95), accuracy of 0.90 (0.89-0.91), precision of 0.91 (0.89-0.92), and recall of 0.90 (0.84-0.95) when re-evaluating patients. CBIT is also capable of predicting ADLs up to one year ahead, with accuracy decreasing over time, giving average AUC of 0.77 (0.73-0.79), accuracy of 0.73 (0.69-0.80), precision of 0.74 (0.66-0.81), and recall of 0.69 (0.34-0.96). A simplified version of CBIT with 50 top patient characteristics reached performance that does not significantly differ from full CBIT.Conclusion: Discharge planners, disability application reviewers and clinicians evaluating comparative effectiveness of treatments can use CBIT to assess and predict information on functional status of patients.
A US population health survey on the impact of COVID-19 using the EQ-5D-5L
Authors: Hay Joel W. , Gong PharmD Cynthia L. , Jiao Xiayu , Zawadzki  , Zawadzki Roy S. , Pickard A. Simon , Xie Feng , Crawford  , Gu Ning Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in negative impacts on the economy, population health, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL).Objective: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on US population HRQoL using the EQ-5D-5L.Design: We surveyed respondents on physical and mental health, demographics, socioeconomics, brief medical history, current COVID-19 status, sleep, dietary, financial and spending changes. Results were compared to online and face-to-face US population norms. Predictors of EQ-5D-5L utility were analyzed using both standard and post-lasso OLS regressions. Robustness of regression coefficients against unmeasured confounding was analyzed using the E-Value sensitivity analysis.Subjects: Amazon MTurk workers (n=2776) in the US.Main Measures: EQ-5D-5L utility and VAS scores by age group. Key Results: We received n=2746 responses. Subjects 18-24 years reported lower mean (SD) health utility (0.752 (0.281)) compared with both online (0.844 (0.184), p=0.001) and face-to-face norms (0.919 (0.127), p<0.001). Among ages 25-34, utility was worse compared to face-to-face norms only (0.825 (0.235) vs. 0.911 (0.111), p<0.001). For ages 35-64, utility was better during-pandemic compared to online norms (0.845 (0.195) vs. 0.794 (0.247), p<0.001). At age 65+, utility values (0.827 (0.213)) were similar across all samples. VAS scores were worse for all age groups (p<0.005) except ages 45-54. Increasing age and income were correlated with increased utility, while being Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Hispanic, married, living alone, having history of chronic illness or self-reported depression, experiencing COVID-19-like symptoms, having a family member diagnosed with COVID-19, fear of COVID-19, being underweight and living in California were associated with worse utility scores. Results were robust to unmeasured confounding.Conclusions: HRQoL decreased during the pandemic compared to US population norms, especially for ages 18-24. The mental health impact of COVID-19 is significant and falls primarily on younger adults whose health outcomes may have been overlooked based on policy initiatives to date.
Constitutive WNT Signaling via CTNNB1 Stabilization in the Yolk Sac Epithelium Results in Embryonic Lethality in Mice
Authors: Bansal Mayur , Cuomo Danila , Yusi Ephraim A. , Lynch Rachel M. , Threadgill David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBeta-catenin (CTNNB1) is a key downstream effector of the WNT signaling pathway that is involved in embryonic development and tumorigenesis. To further study the role of CTNNB1 in gut tumorigenesis, mice carrying a conditional, stabilizing mutation of Ctnnb1 (Ctnnb1tm1Mmt) were crossed with mice expressing CRE recombinase under the intestinal epithelial Villin 1 promoter (Vil1-Cre).ResultsContrary to expectations, no double heterozygous mice (Ctnnb1tm1Mmt, Vil1-Cre) were observed at birth, suggesting embryonic lethality. After assessment of the timing of embryonic lethality, which occurs between embryonic stage 11.5 and 13.5, the (ROSA)26Sortm1Sor reporter was crossed with Vil1-Cre and the resulting embryos and placentae were stained for beta-galactosidase activity. CRE under control of the Vil1 promoter was found to be expressed in the yolk sac epithelium, indicating potential extraembryonic defects caused by constitutive WNT signaling. Analysis of RNAseq data from yolk sac-derived RNA indicated changes in inflammation-associated pathways due to the constitutive WNT signaling. ConclusionsEmbryonic lethality due to Vil1-Cre driven WNT signaling in the yolk sac epithelium causes potential defects in the transfer of yolk sac derived erythromyeloid progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells to the embryo, and shows the limits of using the Vil1-Cre transgenic line for analysis of adult tissues.
A DOUTRINA DA RES INTERPRETATA NO SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE DIREITOS HUMANOS: DIFERENCIAIS, POTENCIALIDADES E DESAFIOS
Authors: Fuchs Marino Tiago , Coimbra de Carvalho Luciani 
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo analisa a eficácia res interpretata das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Para tanto, é abordado o surgimento da doutrina da res interpretata no sistema europeu de direitos humanos, incluindo as implicações relacionadas à compreensão da Convenção Europeia como living instrument e à teoria da margem de apreciação. Na sequência, é apontada a migração da referida doutrina para a jurisprudência interamericana, com especial destaque ao controle de convencionalidade e às considerações feitas pelo juiz Mac-Gregor no caso Gelman v. Uruguai. Além disso, são discutidos os diferenciais, potencialidades e desafios do reconhecimento da Corte de San José como órgão difusor de padrões de interpretação e aplicação de direitos humanos para além dos casos concretos a ela submetidos, analisando-se, para fins exemplificativos, as repercussões da posição da corte regional sobre as leis de anistia latino-americanas. A pesquisa utiliza-se do método dedutivo, mediante revisão bibliográfica e jurisprudencial. Ao final, conclui-se que as peculiaridades do sistema interamericano permitem um melhor desenvolvimento da doutrina da res interpretata, sendo ressalvada a necessidade de aprimoramento do diálogo entre a Corte Interamericana e as autoridades internas dos Estados.
BEM-ESTAR IDEAL EM ZOOLÓGICOS BRASILEIROS: VERDADE OU MITO?
Authors: Souza Marcos Vinícius de , Botelho Núbia Estéfane Gomes , Silva Júnior Paulo Gabriel Pereira da , Vidal Maria Larissa Bitencourt , Batista Maycon José 
Published: December 2020

Cumprir apenas a legislação federal concernente a manutenção de animais selvagens em cativeiro e as regulamentações de bem-estar animal não condiz mais com uma visão moderna da conservação ex-situ, visto que ela busca apenas a reconhecer os padrões mínimos e, diga-se de passagem, não ideais, na manutenção de animais cativos. Portanto, a implementação de programas de bem-estar animal não deve apenas cumprir os requisitos legais, mas sim ir além a fim de garantir um bem-estar ideal físico e psicológico de todos os animais residentes em zoológicos nacionais. Não basta apenas fornecer a sobrevivência e a reprodução destes animais e sim manter um planejamento de cuidado e manejo. Mudar também o rótulo de tratador para cuidador por si só, é apenas mais uma nomenclatura vazia e sem ganhos para instituição, visto que estes elementos chaves do processo necessitam de qualificações e reciclagens num processo continuum. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise crítica acerca do bem-estar animal em zoológicos brasileiros.
MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE LEITE NO BRASIL: UMA APLICAÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTOS ADQUIRIDOS DURANTE UM CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO
Authors: Melo Lucas Morais 
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um modelo matemático que pode ser utilizado para estimar valores anuais da produção brasileira de leite de vaca. Para o desenvolvimento do modelo foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa da Pecuária Municipal (PPM), de 1973 a 2018, anualmente elaborada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O modelo foi construído via técnica de regressão utilizando recursos computacionais. O erro percentual médio obtido foi de 4,703%, mostrando-se assim que o modelo obtido se ajusta bem aos dados. Para validação do modelo foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Trimestral do Leite (PTL), também realizada pelo IBGE. Comparando-se os dados da PTL de 2019 com o valor estimado do modelo para este mesmo ano, chega-se a uma diferença percentual de 6,537%, confirmando que o modelo obtido se ajusta relativamente bem aos dados oficiais. Além disso, este artigo pode ser utilizado para ilustrar uma aplicação de conhecimentos adquiridos durante um curso de graduação, ou seja, pode ser utilizado para fins didáticos.
ABORTO DECORRENTE DE HIDROPSIA FETAL EM PRIMIGESTA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Altoé Laíssa Gava , Tinoco Eliza Moreira de Mattos 
Published: December 2020

Hidropsia fetal é um sinal patológico obstétrico raro que acomete cerca de 1/4.000 partos, cuja etiologia pode ser decorrente de mais de 100 tipos de doenças. Trata-se de um distúrbio hídrico que cursa com o acometimento de dois ou mais tecidos moles ou cavidades serosas do feto Em geral o diagnóstico se dá por meio da ultrassonografia pélvica de rotina. O prognóstico dessa patologia é bastante lôbrego, já que boa parte das crianças são natimortas ou desfrutam de poucas horas de vida após o nascimento. Contudo, embora raro, é possível observar sobreviventes sem anormalidades; mas para isso é necessário um diagnóstico precoce - visando o conhecimento da etiologia –, que determinará o tratamento e condutas adequadas. O presente estudo visa relatar um caso de hidropsia fetal, provavelmente decorrente de causa não imune, que evoluiu em aborto espontâneo na 19ª semana de gestação. O caso relatado traz à luz a discussão da etiologia, diagnósticos e condutas acerca da hidropsia fetal, patologia que embora tenha recebido atenções pré-natais significativas, não têm demostrado boas mudanças de paradigma.
Lo que la corrupción rindió: corrupción y culturas
Authors: Morris Stephen David 
Published: December 2020

Por descartar la cultura como una causa de la corrupción, muchos hacen caso omiso a la importancia de la cultura para entender y combatir este flagelo. Este trabajo pretende ubicar el lugar teórico de la cultura dentro del análisis de la corrupción. Visto como consecuencia y no causa, hace hincapié en el impacto cultural de la corrupción tan arraigada en México a través de los años, evaluando su trascendencia en la cultura política y también las implicaciones dentro de la cultura institucional de los funcionarios. Tales actitudes, creencias y sentimientos que la sociedad y los funcionarios aprenden por medio de sus experiencias y la socialización, aunque no sean las causas de la corrupción, sí representan factores importantes que perpetúan la corrupción, creando dilemas de acción colectiva dentro y fuera del gobierno y obstaculizando la política contra la corrupción. Esto genera grandes retos para combatir la corrupción. El trabajo concluye analizando las formas de cambio necesarias para superar estos dilemas.