bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan‐1 regulates colon cancer stem cell function via a focal adhesion kinase—Wnt signaling axis
Authors: Kumar Katakam Sampath , Tria Valeria , Sim Wey‐Cheng , Yip George W. , Molgora Stefano , Karnavas Theodoros , Elghonaimy Eslam A. , Pelucchi Paride , Piscitelli Eleonora , Ibrahim Sherif Abdelaziz , Zucchi Ileana , Reinbold Rolland , Greve Burkhard , Götte Martin 
Published: May 2020

In colon cancer, downregulation of the transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan‐1 (Sdc‐1) is associated with increased invasiveness, metastasis, and dedifferentiation. As Sdc‐1 modulates signaling pathways relevant to stem cell function, we tested the hypothesis that it may regulate a tumor‐initiating cell phenotype. Sdc‐1 small‐interfering RNA knockdown in the human colon cancer cell lines Caco2 and HT‐29 resulted in an increased side population (SP), enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity, and higher expression of CD133, LGR5, EPCAM, NANOG, SRY (sex‐determining region Y)‐box 2, KLF2, and TCF4/TCF7L2. Sdc‐1 knockdown enhanced sphere formation, cell viability, Matrigel invasiveness, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition‐related gene expression. Sdc‐1‐depleted HT‐29 xenograft growth was increased compared to controls. Decreased Sdc‐1 expression was associated with an increased activation of β1‐integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and wingless‐type (Wnt) signaling. Pharmacological FAK and Wnt inhibition blocked the enhanced stem cell phenotype and invasive growth. Sequential flow cytometric SP enrichment substantially enhanced the stem cell phenotype of Sdc‐1‐depleted cells, which showed increased resistance to doxorubicin chemotherapy and irradiation. In conclusion, Sdc‐1 depletion cooperatively enhances activation of integrins and FAK, which then generates signals for increased invasiveness and cancer stem cell properties. Our findings may provide a novel concept to target a stemness‐associated signaling axis as a therapeutic strategy to reduce metastatic spread and cancer recurrence.DatabasesThe GEO accession number of the Affymetrix transcriptomic screening is GSE58751.
A novel approach for haploid generation in Lolium
Authors: Kindiger Bryan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDevelopment of haploid and/or dihaploid methodologies for Lolium sp. is important to future improvement efforts as the genus includes the majority of the world's cool‐season annual and perennial turf and forage grass species. Microspore or anther culture haploid induction systems can result in the generation of either maternal or paternal haploids that can be effectively used to advance genetic gains through a breeding or selection program. The successful and traditional approach for the production of haploids and eventually dihaploids in Lolium sp. is most successful when microspore culture approaches are applied. Unfortunately, this approach is labor‐intensive, expensive and often restrictive to amendable genotypes. Within the Lolium‐Festuca genome complex, there is a need for modern breeding approaches that can facilitate the rapid development of haploids or dihaploids for the development of improved germplasm or cultivars. It has been suggested that an in vivo approach could facilitate further advances in Lolium sp. genetic studies, molecular breeding and superior cultivar development. The recent development of a two novel annual ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot [syn. L. multiflorum Lam.]) line that when hybridized to tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.) has been previously demonstrated. This research investigates and reports on the potential generation of haploids and/or dihaploids through this novel ryegrass when hybridized with L. multiflorum or L. perenne and production of the first invivo haploid/dihaploid Lolium sp. approach.
Global Leaders in Development: a global leadership module across three international pharmacy schools
Authors: Steeb David R , Bruno-Tome Andreia , Pyzik Oksana , Dascanio Sarah A , Bates Ian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the Global Leaders in Development (GLIDE) module to determine whether the concepts of global mindset, citizenship and leadership can be effectively taught within a short-term didactic module.

Methods
Faculty members of PharmAlliance, a partnership between three schools of pharmacy, created a three-week optional, non-credit-bearing distance-based global leadership development module. Material and assignments focused on the concepts of global mindset, global citizenship and global leadership as applied to the global health issues of non-communicable diseases, universal health coverage and primary care. Student self-rated growth was measured with an adapted fifteen question pre–post-survey that also included open-ended questions.

Key Findings
Most statements showed growth on the pre–post-survey with seven being statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). The largest growth involved students’ perceived potential to be a global leader in pharmacy (global leadership category), the students’ connectedness to the pharmacy profession worldwide (global citizenship category) and the students’ awareness of global challenges faced in the pharmacy profession (global mindset category). Qualitative analysis identified several themes for each of the open-ended questions. Student expectations focused on the desire to expand their global mindset, better understand global pharmacy practice, develop teamwork skills and understand global pharmacy challenges and strategies for engagement.

Conclusions
The concepts of global mindset, global citizenship and global leadership may help promote awareness of global health challenges, opportunities to make a global difference in a local context and connectivity to the profession on a global scale.
Effect of low‐thermal dissection device versus conventional electrocautery in mastectomy for female‐to‐male transgender patients
Authors: Schlosshauer Torsten , Kiehlmann Marcus , Riener Marc‐Oliver , Rothenberger Jens , Sader Robert , Rieger Ulrich M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSubcutaneous mastectomy, the first step in sexual reassignment surgery of female‐to‐male transsexuals, is associated with high rates of complication and revision surgery. Also, conventional electrosurgery and the associated thermal tissue damage may compromise outcome. This retrospective randomised clinical study evaluated the effect of low‐thermal plasma dissection device (PEAK PlasmaBlade, Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) in comparison with conventional electrosurgery. A total of 17 female‐to‐male transsexuals undergoing mastectomy were randomised to PEAK PlasmaBlade on one breast side and to monopolar electrosurgery on the other side of the same patient. Wounds of 17 patients were examined histologically for acute thermal injury. Significantly less total volume of drain output (58.8 ± 37.4 mL vs 98.5 ± 76.4 mL; P = .012) was found on the PEAK PlasmaBlade side compared with the electrosurgery side. Duration of drain was significantly shorter on the PEAK PlasmaBlade side (2.5 ± 0.7 days vs 3.2 ± 0.6 days; P = .010). Furthermore, the PEAK PlasmaBlade side showed fewer thermal damages (41.2% vs 82.4%; P = .039) and thermal injury depth from PEAK PlasmaBlade side was less (3170 vs 4060 μm). PEAK PlasmaBlade appears to be superior to monopolar electrosurgery for mastectomy in female‐to‐male transsexuals, because it demonstrated less thermal tissue damage, less total volume of drain output, and shorter duration of drain, resulting in faster wound healing.
Pulmonary vein narrowing after visually guided laser balloon ablation: Occurrence and clinical correlates
Authors: Yamamoto Tasuku , Takahashi Yoshihide , Yamaguchi Junji , Sekigawa Masahiro , Shirai Yasuhiro , Tao Susumu , Hayashi Tatsuya , Takigawa Masateru , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere are limited data focusing on pulmonary vein (PV) narrowing following ablation using a visually guided laser balloon (VGLB). We sought to assess the frequency and predictors of PV narrowing after VGLB ablation.Methods and ResultsPatients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated with VGLB were screened. Study participants underwent contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) scanning before and 6 months after the procedure. We defined 25% to 49%, 50% to 74%, and 75% to 100% reduction in PV cross‐sectional area as mild, moderate, and severe narrowing, respectively. Of 146 PVs in 38 patients analyzed, severe narrowing developed in two right superior and one right inferior PV. Moderate or severe narrowing occurred in 40 veins (27% of all PVs, 50% of the right superior, 22% of the right inferior, 21% of the left superior, and 14% of the left inferior PV). In PVs with moderate‐severe narrowing, the baseline orifice area was significantly larger (4.1 [interquartile range, 3.2‐4.8] vs 2.5 [1.9‐3.3] cm2, P < .0001), the narrowest region of stenosis was significantly more distal into the vessel (1.9 [0.7‐2.9] vs 0 [0‐1.7] mm from the orifice, P = .0006) and the total amount of energy delivered per vein was significantly greater (5190 ± 970 vs 4626 ± 1573 J, P = .018) than in PVs with mild or no significant narrowing. The baseline orifice area independently predicted moderate‐severe narrowing in multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 1.8 [1.3‐2.5] per 1 cm2 increase, P = .0003). No patient exhibited any signs or symptoms of PV stenosis.ConclusionsBaseline PV orifice area, ablating distally inside the veins, and total amount of laser energy are associated with PV narrowing after VGLB ablation.
Long‐term outcomes of rituximab therapy in pemphigus
Authors: Shimanovich I. , Baumann T. , Schmidt E. , Zillikens D. , Hammers C.M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRituximab induces a rapid remission in most patients with pemphigus.ObjectiveOur aim was to assess the long‐term efficacy of rituximab in this disease.MethodWe conducted a retrospective study of 59 patients with pemphigus treated with rituximab and observed over a median period of 104 months.ResultsThe rate of complete remission off therapy (CRoff) after the first rituximab cycle was 39%, increasing to 61% with additional rituximab courses. Long‐term CRoff was achieved in 27% of patients. The recurrence rate after the first rituximab cycle was 63%, decreasing to approximately 40% with subsequent rituximab cycles. Median time to relapse after the first and subsequent rituximab cycles was 25 months. Renewed rituximab therapy reinduced complete remission in 94% of cases. Baseline anti‐desmoglein antibody levels of ≤250 U/mL were significantly associated with the outcome of CRoff. In paired serum samples obtained before the first and six months after the last rituximab therapy, significant reductions of desmoglein‐specific autoantibodies were observed. Patients relapsing after a complete remission induced by the first rituximab cycle were more likely to achieve CRoff than patients relapsing after a less favourable outcome and non‐responders. There was no significant difference in age, sex, pemphigus subtype, rituximab dosing and disease duration between patients achieving CRoff and those not meeting this end point.ConclusionsLower desmoglein‐specific antibody levels at baseline were predictive of CRoff. In patients receiving multiple rituximab cycles, complete remission after the first cycle was associated with a favourable long‐term outcome. Repeated rituximab courses were highly effective for relapsed disease and improved the overall outcome.
The impacts of tomato residuum extract with Arabic gum and dill essential oil on the shelf life improvement of trout fillets stored at chilly condition
Authors: Tavakkoli Elahe , Bazargani‐Gilani Behnaz , Pajohi‐Alamoti Mohammadreza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tomato residuum extract (TRE) dipping and Arabic gum (AG) coating enriched with dill essential oil (DEO) on the shelf life extension of refrigerated trout fillets. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the main constituents of DEO were alpha‐phellandrene (30.17%), limonene (28.31%), and carvone (21.31%). Antioxidant activities of acetone, ethanol, methanol, cold, and hot water extracts of tomato residuum were examined using reducing power and 2,2‐azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid assays in maceration, ultrasound, and combined ultrasound and maceration extraction methods. The strongest antioxidant activities were found in the ultrasound‐assisted extraction with ethanol 50%. Thiobarbituric acid, total volatile basic nitrogen, and peroxide values indicated that TRE 3%–AG–DEO 2% and TRE 6%–AG–DEO 2% treatments could significantly (p ≤ .05) extend the shelf life of the fillets. Also, sensory evaluation showed that TRE along with DEO had significant (p ≤ .05) pleasant effects on the sensory characteristics of the fillets. It was concluded that TRE dipping along with AG coating containing DEO could be a suitable alternative for the synthetic preservative in the refrigerated trout fillets.
Concussion Experiences in New England Private Preparatory High School Students Who Played Sports or Recreational Activities
Authors: Daugherty Jill , Waltzman Dana , Snedaker Katherine P. , Bouton Jason , Zhang Xinjian , Wang David 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSports‐ and recreation‐related (SRR) activities are a major cause of adolescent concussions. Most adolescent SRR concussion research has been conducted among public school students. As private schools are qualitatively different from public schools (eg, location, socioeconomic status, sports played), this study explores the concussion experiences of a large group of private high school students.METHODSWe surveyed 2047 New England private preparatory high school students who played sports or engaged in a recreational activity in 2018 about the sports they played, and their self‐reported concussion experiences (eg, age at first concussion, if concussions were sports‐ or recreation‐related). Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistics are presented.RESULTSOne‐third (33.0%) of students who reported engaging in sport‐ or recreation‐related activities self‐reported experiencing a concussion in their lifetime. A higher percentage of boys, students who played contact sports, and those who played multiple seasons of school sports reported a concussion. Sex, contact level of primary sport played, and age of first concussion were also significantly associated with reporting a sports‐ or recreation‐related concussion.CONCLUSIONSA sizeable proportion of private preparatory high school students reported experiencing a concussion, with some students at higher risk. Private preparatory high school‐specific concussion prevention strategies may be needed.
Upscaling and downscaling: Negotiating scale in the English‐only movement
Authors: Flowers Katherine S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent work on scale has emphasized upscaling, or the ways people try to make their discourse seem more universal and authoritative. To explore how people engage in other kinds of scale jumping, I examine how scaling practices vary among policymakers and activists in the US English‐only movement. This ethnographic, discourse analytic study focuses on people who shape language policy in four counties in the state of Maryland as well as the organizations U.S. English and ProEnglish. Drawing on interviews, observations, and texts, I argue that upscaling and downscaling can both play a key role in successfully developing linguistic authority, legitimizing English‐only ideologies, and enacting new English‐only policies. At the same time, when people mix different scaling practices in interaction, the combination may occasionally come across as more dissonant to their interlocutors. Ultimately, the US English‐only movement's penchant for scale jumping has led to more restrictive local language policies but also to more opportunities for questioning and resisting those policies.
Changes in Religiosity Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Emerging Adults
Authors: Woodell Brandi , Schwadel Philip 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHighly religious Americans are relatively likely to oppose lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) rights and many churches are unwelcoming to sexual minorities, which may lead LGB Americans to retreat from religion. To assess this possibility, we investigate trajectories of religious change for sexual minorities and other emerging adults. We use two longitudinal data sources (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and the National Study of Youth and Religion) to explore how sexuality predicts the likelihood of decreasing religiosity in emerging adulthood. Results show that three different operationalizations of sexual minority status—attraction, behavior, and identity—are each strongly and consistently associated with disaffiliating from religion and declines in religious service attendance. On the other hand, sexual minority status has inconsistent and relatively small associations with changes in prayer. We conclude by discussing how these results further understanding of religion, sexual identity, and the current generation of emerging adults.
Regulation outside the box: New mechanisms for small RNAs
Authors: Fröhlich Kathrin S. , Papenfort Kai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRegulation at the post‐transcriptional level is an important mode of gene expression control in bacteria. Small RNA regulators (sRNAs) that act via intramolecular base‐pairing with target mRNAs are key players in this process and most often sequester the target's ribosome binding site (RBS) to down‐regulate translation initiation. Over the past few years, several exceptions from this mechanism have been reported, revealing that sRNAs are able to influence translation initiation from a distance. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Azam and Vanderpool show that repression of the manY mRNA by the sRNA SgrS relies on an unconventional mechanism involving a translational enhancer element and ribosomal protein S1. Binding of S1 to an AU‐rich sequence within the 5ʹ untranslated region of the manY transcript promotes translation of the mRNA, and base‐pairing of SgrS to the same site can interfere with this process. Therefore, instead of blocking translation initiation by occluding the manY RBS, SgrS reduces ManY synthesis by inhibiting S1‐dependent translation activation. These findings increase the base‐pairing window for sRNA‐mediated gene expression control in bacteria and highlight the role of ribosomal protein S1 for translation initiation.
Crassulacean acid metabolism guard cell anion channel activity follows transcript abundance and is suppressed by apoplastic malate
Authors: Lefoulon Cécile , Boxall Susanna F. , Hartwell James , Blatt Michael R. 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Plants utilising crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) concentrate CO2 around RuBisCO while reducing transpirational water loss associated with photosynthesis. Unlike stomata of C3 and C4 species, CAM stomata open at night for the mesophyll to fix CO2 into malate (Mal) and store it in the vacuole. CAM plants decarboxylate Mal in the light, generating high CO2 concentrations within the leaf behind closed stomata for refixation by RuBisCO.

CO2 may contribute to stomatal closure but additional mechanisms, plausibly including Mal activation of anion channels, ensure closure in the light.

In the CAM species Kalanchoë fedtschenkoi, we found that guard cell anion channel activity, recorded under voltage clamp, follows KfSLAC1 and KfALMT12 transcript abundance, declining to near zero by the end of the light period. Unexpectedly, however, we found that extracellular Mal inhibited the anion current of Kalanchoë guard cells, both in wild‐type and RNAi mutants with impaired Mal metabolism.

We conclude that the diurnal cycle of anion channel gene transcription, rather than the physiological signal of Mal release, is a key factor in the inverted CAM stomatal cycle.
The reduction in leaf area precedes that in photosynthesis under potassium deficiency: the importance of leaf anatomy
Authors: Hu Wenshi , Lu Zhifeng , Meng Fanjin , Li Xiaokun , Cong Rihuan , Ren Tao , Sharkey Thomas D. , Lu Jianwei 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Synergistic improvement in leaf photosynthetic area and rate is essential for enhancing crop yield. However, reduction in leaf area occurs earlier than that in the photosynthetic rate under potassium (K) deficiency stress.

The photosynthetic capacity and anatomical characteristics of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) leaves in different growth stages under different K levels were observed to clarify the mechanism regulating this process.

Increased mesophyll cell size and palisade tissue thickness, in K‐deficient leaves triggered significant enlargement of mesophyll cell area per transverse section width (S/W), in turn inhibiting leaf expansion. However, there was only a minor difference in chloroplast morphology, likely because of K redistribution from vacuole to chloroplast. As K stress increased, decreased mesophyll surface exposed to intercellular space and chloroplast density induced longer distances between neighbouring chloroplasts (Dchl‐chl) and decreased the chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular space (Sc/S); conversely this induced a greater limitation imposed by the cytosol on CO2 transport, further reducing the photosynthetic rate.

Changes in S/W associated with mesophyll cell morphology occurred earlier than changes in Sc/S and Dchl‐chl, inducing a decrease in leaf area before photosynthetic rate reduction. Adequate K nutrition simultaneously increases photosynthetic area and rate, thus enhancing crop yield.
Examining the support needs of older male spousal caregivers of people with a long‐term condition: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Fee Anne , McIlfatrick Sonja , Ryan Assumpta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this review was to identify and synthesise literature reporting on support needs of older male caregivers, who are providing care for a chronically ill spouse/partner at home.BackgroundTraditionally, informal caregiving has been perceived as a feminised activity. Consequently, caregiving research has been dominated by female samples, and male caregivers are grossly under‐represented. Given the growing recognition of caregiving as a gendered concept, and the rise in number of male caregivers, particularly in later life, the need for better understanding of the needs of male caregivers is important in order to plan effective support for this population.DesignA systematic literature review.MethodsFour electronic databases and grey literature were systematically searched.ResultsThe systematic search resulted in 3,646 papers, eligibility criteria were applied to the full texts of 104 papers, and 11 papers met the inclusion criteria. Two core themes were identified: the need to maintain masculinity and the provision of social support.ConclusionFindings suggest that men may have a gendered approach to caregiving based on dominant masculine norms. This can be manifested in a reluctance to ask for or accept help and a desire to retain control over caregiving. Findings also revealed isolation and loneliness experienced by older male caregivers, along with a preference for support to address this within a male‐specific context. It is suggested that healthcare professionals should be cognisant of the male caregiver approach and should have an increased awareness of male caregivers support preferences, and of their own gendered assumptions, in order to provide effective support for this population.Implications for practiceNurses have a key role in providing family support. Findings from this review suggest that nurses should be aware of the specific needs of older male spousal caregivers if they are to provide effective care and support to this population group.