bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Backwardness of Central and Eastern Europe as a Heritage of the Soviet Period
Authors: Ancans Sandris 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The economy of Latvia lags behind economically developed nations approximately fourfold in terms of labour productivity in the tradable sector, which is the key constituent of a modern economy, thereby affecting future sustainable development in the entire country, including the rural areas. The economic backwardness is characteristic of the entire Central and Eastern Europe. This is the heritage of a communist regime that lasted for about half a century and the economic system termed a (centrally) planned economy or a command economy. However, such a term for the communist-period economy is not correct, as it does not represent the purpose it was created for. Accordingly, the paper aims to assess the effect of the communism period on the economic backwardness of the Central and Eastern European region of the EU. A planned economy that existed in all communist countries, with the exception of Yugoslavia, was not introduced to contribute to prosperity. It was intended for confrontation or even warfare by the communist countries under the guidance of the USSR against other countries where no communism regime existed, mostly Western world nations with their market economies. For this reason, it is not correct to term it a (centrally) planned economy or a command economy; the right term is a mobilised (war) economy. An extrapolation of a geometric progression for GDP revealed that during the half a century, Latvia as part of the USSR was forced to spend on confrontation with the West not less than EUR 17 bln. (2011 prices) or approximately one gross domestic product of 2011. The research aim of the paper is to assess the effect of the communism period on the economic backwardness of the Central and Eastern European region of the EU.
Civil Engineering Inspection for Real Estate Evaluation with the Use of Artificial Learning Algorithms and Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Surgelas Vladimir , Arhipova Irina , Pukite Vivita 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The technical inspection of a building carried out by an expert in civil engineering can identify and classify the physical conditions of the real estate; this generates relevant information for the protection and safety of users. Given the real conditions of the property, and for the real estate valuation universe, using artificial intelligence and fuzzy logic, it is possible to obtain the market price associated with the physical conditions of the building. The objective of this experiment is to develop a property evaluation model using a civil engineering inspection form associated with artificial intelligence, and fuzzy logic, and also compare with market value to verify the applicability of this inspection form. Therefore, the methodology used is based on technical inspection of civil engineering regarding the state of conservation of properties according to the model used in Portugal and adapted to the reality of Latvia. Artificial intelligence is applied after obtaining data from that report. From this, association rules are obtained, which are used in the diffuse logic to obtain the price of the apartment per square meter, and for comparison with the market value. For this purpose, 48 samples of residential apartments located in the city of Jelgava in Latvia are used, with an inspection carried out from October to December 2019. The main result is the 9% error metric, which demonstrates the possibility of applying the method proposed in this experiment. Thus, for each apartment sample consulted, it resulted in the state of conservation and a market value associated.
Efficacy of breast shielding during head computed tomography examination
Authors: Zalokar Nika , Mekis Nejc 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Female breasts are exposed to scattered radiation regardless of not being included in the primary field during head CT. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of lead shielding is beneficial in dose reduction to the breasts during head CT.

Patients and methods
The study was performed in two different hospitals on two different CT units and included 120 patients. Half of the measurements (n = 60) was conducted without the use of lead shielding and the other half (n = 60) with the use of lead shielding of 0.5 mm equivalent thickness.

Results
Significant skin dose reduction to the breasts during head CT in both hospitals with the use of lead shielding was discovered; 81% (338.2 ± 43.7 μGy to 64.3 ± 18.8 μGy) in Hospital A and 74% (from 253.1 ± 35.1 μGy to 65.3 ± 16.9 μGy) in Hospital B.

Conclusions
Considering the assumed carcinogenic effect of low doses of radiation, high frequency of the head CT scans and the significant reduction of radiation doses to the highly radiosensitive breasts, the use of lead shielding is highly recommendable.
Role of urinary podocalyxin in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Kostovska Irena , Trajkovska Katerina Tosheska , Cekovska Svetlana , Topuzovska Sonja , Kavrakova Julijana Brezovska , Spasovski Goce , Kostovski Ognen , Labudovic Danica 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction. Podocyte injury has been reported as an early feature of DN therefore, the assessment of podocyte injury can be accomplished by estimation of podocalyxin in urine. This study aimed to estimate the urinary podocalyxin levels and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this biomarker for early detection of DN.

Materials and methods. A total of 90 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in this cross-sectional study. Sixty of them were without diagnosed DN, and 30 with diagnosed DN. A control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects. All patients with T2DM were divided into three subgroups according to urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio (UM/CR): normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric patients. Urine samples, were used for measurement of podocalyxin by ELISA, creatinine and microalbumin. Fasting venous blood samples was collected for biochemical analyses.

Results. The levels of urinary podocalyxin (u-PDX) were higher in patients with T2DM compared to control subjects and a statistically significant difference among studied subgroups regarding u-PDX was found (p < 0.05). Levels of u-PDX are increasing gradually with the degree of DN (p < 0.029). u-PDX levels were positively correlated with UM/CR (r = 0.227, p = 0.002). A cut-off level of 43.8 ng/ml u-PDX showed 73.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity to detect DN in early stage. A cut-off level of 30 mg/g UM/CR showed 41.5% sensitivity and 90% specificity in predicting DN. u-PDX was elevated in 48,2% of normoalbuminuric patients.

Conclusion. Urinary podocalyxin be useful and more sensitive and specific marker in early detection of DN than microalbuminuria.
Total Errors of TSH results by fluorescent immunoassay technique from dried blood spots in a newborn screening program for congenital hypothyroidism - variations in time
Authors: Oprea Oana Roxana , Zaharia Mihaela , Dobreanu Minodora 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective:the aim of this study was to evaluate the imprecision of the method used to determine TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) levels from dried blood spots in a newborn screening program and how the value of the coefficient of variation influences the total error of the method.

Methods:A short-term evaluation of imprecision was compared with the imprecision of the method assessed over five years. The coefficient of variation from the best quality control period and the worst quality control period were used. For Bias assessment mean results from the external quality program were used. Total Error was calculated with Bias and Coefficient of Variation values. A freely available software was used for standard deviation and coefficient of variation profiling.

Results:The values of the coefficient of variation for the short-term were lower than values obtained in worst quality control period but higher than in the best quality control period. Total error was higher than the accepted value for low-level control in the worst quality control period. Images obtained with the software showed that for high-level control coefficient of variation is concentration-dependent but this finding is not similar for low-level control.

Conclusions:Total Error of the Method may be subject to change in time. Initial evaluation of imprecision must be performed on a short term analysis but a continuous evaluation should be performed as the performance of a method may change in time. The evaluation should be performed on clinically significant levels for each parameter.
“Aspects of an anti-Trump guerrilla campaign”
Authors: Stănese Radu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
During the 2016 presidential election debates, Donald Trump became the subject of a guerrilla campaign initiated by the anarchist group Indicline, through which five grotesque nude statues of the Republican candidate were installed in various cities in the United States. The message was not accidental considering that nude photos of Melania Trump from the beginning of her modelling career were re-published simultaneously. Through aesthetic antithesis, the image of the naked body was supposed to stigmatize the couple in public perception, starting from an artificial reality created in the everyday landscape, but which had to become viral in the online environment.
TRUE SALE ACCOUNTING ON SECURITIZATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Heliantono Heliantono 
Published: August 2020

Asset securitization is one of the financing solutions. One application for the use of asset securitization is in the residential mortgage sector. Securitization in Indonesia so far has been discussed in terms of financial management and legal aspects. This article discusses about securitization in Indonesia in term of accounting perspective. The accounting aspects of securitization transactions are based on the occurrence or non-occurrence of the derecognition of the financial assets securitized (true sale in accounting). Asset securitization in Indonesia is carried out with the issuance of Asset-Backed Securities Collective Investment Contracts (KIK EBA) and Asset-Backed Securities in the form of Participation Certificate (EBA SP) with a total of 15 EBAs which are still traded at present. Eighty percent are residential mortgages backed securities (RMBS), the rest are non-RMBS. The accounting treatment of securitization transactions conducted by the originator and in the event of an accounting true sale and non-true sale are discussed, also the securitization accounting treatment for originator, Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), and investors. Broader socialization is needed so securitization can be applied in various economic activities to benefit national development in Indonesia
THE INFLUENCE OF AN AUDITOR'S EXPERTISE, OBEDIENCE PRESSURE, AND INDEPENDENCE ON AUDIT JUDGMENT
Authors: Sitanggang Tikkos 
Published: August 2020

This study aims to empirically test whether the auditor’s expertise, obedience pressure, and independence affects the audit judgment. The data used is the primary data through questionnaires that contain the answers of respondents. The population in this study auditor registered in the central Jakarta public accountant. The selected sample is 80 respondents with technical purposive sampling. This research uses quantitative method where the data obtained from questionnaire. Analysis of research data using multiple linear regression, with SPSS version 24. Based on the results of the analysis that has been done, this study shows that the auditor’s expertise, obedience pressure, and independence, have a positive and significant impact on the use of audit judgment compliance with adjusted R square of 74.7%. Partially, the results of this study indicate that auditor’s expertise, obedience pressure, and independence together positively and significantly influence the audit judgment.
KONTRIBUSI MINAT BACA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN SISWA
Authors: Halawa Noibe 
Published: August 2020

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kontribusi minat baca tinggi dan rendah, dengan model pembelajaran SQ3R dan konvensional dalam keterampilan membaca pemahaman siswaPengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampiling, yaitu siswa kelas VII.4 sebagai kelas eksperimen berjumlah 32 orang yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran SQ3R dan siswa kelas VII.7 sebagai kelas kontrol berjumlah 32 orang yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil thitung sebesar2,48 dan ttabel 1,746 pada taraf nyata α 0,05 dan dk 16 Jadi, th> tt maka Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima, artinya terdapat kontribusi yang signifikan model pembelajaran SQ3R terhadap keterampilan membaca pemahaman siswa yang memiliki minat baca tinggi. Keterampilan membaca pemahaman siswa yang memiliki minat baca tinggi yang dibelajarkan dengan model SQ3R lebih baik daripada siswa yang memiliki minat baca tinggi yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil t hitung9,47 dan t tabel 1,746 pada taraf nyata α 0,05 dan dk 16. Jadi, th> tt maka Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima, artinya terdapat kontribusi yang signifikan model pembelajaran SQ3R terhadap keterampilan membaca pemahaman siswa yang memiliki minat baca rendah. Keterampilan membaca pemahaman siswa yang memiliki minat baca rendah yang dibelajarkan dengan model SQ3R lebih baik daripada siswa yang memiliki minat baca rendah yang dibelajarkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Disimpulkan bahwa minat baca berkontribusi terhadap keterampilan membaca pemahaman.Kata kunci : Kontribusi, Minat Baca, Membaca Pemahaman
Distinct RNA N-Demethylation Pathways Catalyzed by Non-Heme Iron ALKBH5 and FTO Enzymes Enable Regulation of Formaldehyde Release Rates
Authors: Toh Joel D.W. , W. M. Crossley Steven , Bruemmer Kevin , Ge Eva J. , He Dan , Iovan Diana , Chang Christopher 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe AlkB family of non-heme-Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate(2OG)-dependent oxygenases are essential regulators of RNA epigenetics by serving as erasers of one-carbon marks on RNA with release of formaldehyde (FA). Two major human AlkB family members, FTO and ALKBH5, both act as oxidative demethylases of N6 methyladenosine (m6A) but furnish different major products, N6 hydroxymethyladenosine (hm6A) and adenosine (A), respectively. Here we identify foundational mechanistic differences between FTO and ALKBH5 that promote these distinct biochemical outcomes. In contrast to FTO, which follows a traditional oxidative N-demethylation pathway to catalyze conversion of m6A to hm6A with subsequent slow release of A and FA, we find that ALKBH5 catalyzes a directm6A-to-A transformation with rapid FA release. We identify a catalytic R130/K132/Y139 triad within ALKBH5 that facilitates release of FA via an unprecedented covalent-based demethylation mechanism with direct detection of a covalent intermediate. Importantly, a K132Q mutant furnishes an ALKBH5 enzyme with an m6A demethylation profile that resembles that of FTO, establishing the importance of this residue in the proposed covalent mechanism. Finally, we show that ALKBH5 is an endogenous source of FA in the cell by activity-based sensing of FA fluxes perturbed via ALKBH5 knockdown. This work provides a fundamental biochemical rationale for non-redundant roles of these RNA demethylases beyond different substrate preferences and cellular localization, where m6A demethylation by ALKBH5 versus FTO results in release of FA, an endogenous one-carbon unit but potential genotoxin, at different rates in living systems.Significance StatementNon-heme iron enzymes FTO and ALKBH5 play central roles in epigenetic RNA regulation by catalyzing the oxidation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) to produce N6-hydroxymethyladenosine (hm6A) and adenosine (A), respectively. Here, we provide a mechanistic rationale for these distinct biochemical outcomes by identifying that ALKBH5 performs m6A demethylation via an unprecedented covalent-based mechanism with concomitant and rapid release of A and formaldehyde (FA), whereas FTO liberates hm6A to release A and FA over longer timescales. This work reveals foundational biochemical differences between these closely related but non-redundant epigenetic enzymes and identifies ALKBH5 as an endogenous source of rapid formaldehyde generation in cells.
ANTRIAN GERBANG KELUAR PARKIR DI UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL ACHMAD YANI CIMAHI
Authors: Damayanto Antono , Virgiawan Fernanda , Juana Prima Sukma , Pratama Yogi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract The number of vehicles at Jenderal Achmad Yani University continues to increase, thus requiring increased parking security on campus. For this reason, Jenderal Achmad Yani University implemented a paid parking gate system, but this turned out to have an impact on the emergence of a long vehicle queue at the parking exit gate. This study aims to find a solution to minimize the length of the queue at the parking gate. In this study two alternatives are proposed, namely adding ticket booths (Alternative 1) or improving service time by using an automatic card system (Alternative 2). The results obtained show that for the next 5 years, Alternative 1 needs to add 1 ticket booth and Alternative 2 does not need to add ticket booth. For the next 10 years, Alternative 1 needs to add 1 more ticket booth in 2027, while Alternative 2 requires the addition of 1 ticket booth in 2026. Keywords: parking, queue, service time, automatic card system Abstrak Jumlah kendaraan di Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani meningkat terus, sehingga memerlukan peningkatan keamanan parkir di kampus. Dengan alasan itu, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani menerapkan sistem gerbang parkir berbayar, tetapi hal ini ternyata berdampak pada timbulnya antrian kendaraan yang panjang di gerbang keluar parkir. Tujuan penelitian adalah mencari solusi untuk meminimalkan panjang antrian di gerbang keluar parkir. Pada studi ini diusulkan 2 alternatif, yaitu menambah gardu (Alternatif 1) atau memperbaiki waktu pelayanan dengan menggunakan sistem kartu otomatis (Alternatif 2). Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa untuk 5 tahun mendatang Alternatif 1 perlu menambah 1 gardu dan Alternatif 2 tidak perlu menambah gardu. Untuk 10 tahun mendatang, Alternatif 1 perlu menambah 1 gardu lagi pada tahun 2027, sedangkan Alternatif 2 membutuhkan penambahan 1 gardu pada tahun 2026. Kata-kata kunci: parkir, antrian, waktu pelayanan, sistem kartu otomatis
Aging and geriatric dentistry
Authors: Goldberg Michel 
Published: August 2020

Five theories shed lights on the potential mechanisms of aging: somatic mutations, telomere loss, mitochondrial defects, accumulation of altered proteins inside proteasomes. Altogether, they are forming a network. The existence of a program of aging is not yet identified, but overlaps with a program to die. On the other hand, organisms are programmed for survival which ultimately fails. This failure results in aging. Notabily, age-related changes are alterations in the rate of transcription of specific genes, changes in protein synthesis and turnover, and numerus post-translational protein modifications, including glycation and oxidation. In response to trauma and caries, elderly patients are more susceptible to root caries due to inadequate oral hygiene, irregular dental examinations and cleaning, salivary gland dysfunctions, insufficient use of fluoride, and removable partial dentures, which trap plaque around the teeth, favoring the formation of caries. Root surface caries become more common in the elderly, and oral lesions may be due to periodontitis, local trauma, exposure of root surfaces, related gingival recession, formation of periodontal pockets, associated to insufficient removal of food/plaque between the teeth. Epithelial thinning, decreased cellular proliferation, and reduction of submucosal extracellular matrix, leads to plications and foldings of the mucosal surface, and subsequently to bacterial colonization. Geriatric dentistry (or gerodontology) is an increasing field of dentistry, mostly associated with the growing percentage of the group of patients over 80+ years.
Digital Devices on Learning Management System and its Consequences on Physical and Mental Health among University Students in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Dirgha Raj , Neupane Umesh , Sharma Krishna Prasad , Joshi Basnet Raj , Joshi Pushpa Raj 
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: Digital tools and devices are being integrated in almost areas of human activities demanding the implementation of digital literacy in modern education, health, business, and other related activities. This study was one of few to investigate the competence of learning management system by use of digital resources, and their impact on physical and mental health in Nepalese university students.
Material and methods: The cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the 300 MPhil scholars during the period of Jan. 2019 to Jul. 2019 through Google Form. The nature of information was in the form of qualitative and quantitative both because the tool contained open and closed questionnaire. Frequency, percentage, word cloud, bar chart, pi-chart and chi-square test were calculated at 95% confidence level.
Results: Around two-third (61.7%) of the participants have had habits to use digital resources by sitting on chairs/tools. More than half (53.33%) reported that use of digital device has negative effect on physical health whereas only 12% reported towards positive effect and 8.33% were not care on the effect of using digital devices on physical health. In case of mental health, around half (46.0%) have positive effect on mental health even around one-fourth (24%) have found to be negative effect however 3.3% did not care about the effect of using digital devices. The technology users with the distance greater than 3 ft. have less problems as compared to others. An insignificant association is observed in the effect on physical and mental health with respect to gender, age, years of using mobile and laptop except as the case of distance of digital devices with effect on mental health.
Conclusion: The use of digital resources has negative effect on physical health and positive effect on mental health. Use of such resources with the distance greater than 3 ft. is better for health however the limited use of digital tools, use as per need only, use by making schedule, mediation, to take suggestion by the doctors, use without monotonous, appropriate breaks and comfortable body posture are major are the major techniques for the safe use of digital resources.