bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Selling Bans and Bank Stability
Authors: Beber Alessandro , Fabbri Daniela , Pagano Marco , Simonelli Saverio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In both the subprime crisis and the eurozone crisis, regulators imposed bans on short sales mainly aimed at preventing stock price turbulence from destabilizing financial institutions. Contrary to the regulators’ intentions, financial institutions whose stocks were banned experienced greater increases in the probability of default and volatility than unbanned ones. Increases were larger for more vulnerable financial institutions. To take into account the endogeneity of short sales bans, we match banned financial institutions with unbanned ones with similar sizes and levels of riskiness and instrument the 2011 ban decisions with regulators’ propensity to impose a ban in the 2008 crisis. (JEL G01, G12, G14, G18)
Received July 8, 2020; editorial decision September 8, 2020 by Editor Isil Erel.
Gathering evidence of impact from research support services: Examining impact in the context of the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis
Authors: Townsend Poppy , Wilkinson Clare 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) is a provider of two major services to the environmental science community; JASMIN and the CEDA Archive. CEDA is frequently required to evidence the impact it has on researchers and wider society. However, this is challenging as there are currently no formal or standard processes for collecting impact information. To understand how CEDA could collect impact information, and to allow its users to shape this monitoring, over 500 users provided their opinions, preferences and suggestions as to how to share impact, via six focus groups and an online survey. The results suggest that whilst there was a high degree of willingness to provide impact information to CEDA there remains confusion around what ‘impact’ is. Users are keen to share impact in ways which utilize existing processes, and at times which make sense to both the research and the impact, whilst also understanding the need and purpose for sharing that information.
Full-genome sequencing of German rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus uncovers recombination between RHDV (GI.2) and EBHSV (GII.1)
Authors: Szillat Kevin P , Höper Dirk , Beer Martin , König Patricia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV; genotypes GI.1 and GI.2) and European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV; genotype GII.1) are caliciviruses belonging to the genus Lagovirus. These viruses pose a serious threat to wild and domestic rabbit and hare populations around the world. In recent years, an expanding genetic diversity has been described within the genus, with recombination events occurring between the different genotypes. Here, we generated and analysed 56 full-genome sequences of RHDV and EBHSV from rabbit and hare livers, collected in Germany between the years 2013 and 2020. We could show that genotype Gl.2 (RHDV-2) almost entirely replaced Gl.1 (classical RHDV) in the German rabbit population. However, GI.1 is still present in Germany and has to be included into disease control and vaccination strategies. Three recombinant strains were identified from rabbit samples that contain the structural genes of genotype Gl.2 and the non-structural genes of genotype Gl.1b. Of special interest is the finding that sequences from two hare samples showed recombination events between structural genes of RHDV Gl.2 and non-structural genes of EBHSV GII.1, a recombination between different genogroups that has not been described before. These findings lead to the assumption that also a recombination of the non-structural genes of RHDV Gl.2 with the structural genes of EBHSV Gll.1 might be possible and therefore increase the potential genetic variability of lagoviruses immensely. Our findings underline the importance of whole genome analysis with next-generation sequencing technology as one of new tools now available for in-depth studies that allow in depth molecular epidemiology with continuous monitoring of the genetic variability of viruses that would otherwise likely stay undetected if only routine diagnostic assays are used.
Evaluating the Reliability and Validity Evidence of the RIME (Reporter–Interpreter–Manager–Educator) Framework for Summative Assessments Across Clerkships
Authors: Ryan Michael S. , Lee Bennett , Richards Alicia , Perera Robert A. , Haley Kellen , Rigby Fidelma B. , Park Yoon Soo , Santen Sally A. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The ability of medical schools to accurately and reliably assess medical student clinical performance is paramount. The RIME (reporter–interpreter–manager–educator) schema was originally developed as a synthetic and intuitive assessment framework for internal medicine clerkships. Validity evidence of this framework has not been rigorously evaluated outside of internal medicine. This study examined factors contributing to variability in RIME assessment scores using generalizability theory and decision studies across multiple clerkships, thereby contributing to its internal structure validity evidence.

Method
Data were collected from RIME-based summative clerkship assessments during 2018–2019 at Virginia Commonwealth University. Generalizability theory was used to explore variance attributed to different facets through a series of unbalanced random-effects models by clerkship. For all analyses, decision (D-) studies were conducted to estimate the effects of increasing the number of assessments.

Results
From 231 students, 6,915 observations were analyzed. Interpreter was the most common RIME designation (44.5%–46.8%) across all clerkships. Variability attributable to students ranged from 16.7% in neurology to 25.4% in surgery. D-studies showed the number of assessments needed to achieve an acceptable reliability (0.7) ranged from 7 in pediatrics and surgery to 11 in internal medicine and 12 in neurology. However, depending on the clerkship each student received between 3 and 8 assessments.

Conclusions
This study conducted generalizability- and D-studies to examine the internal structure validity evidence of RIME clinical performance assessments across clinical clerkships. Substantial proportion of variance in RIME assessment scores was attributable to the rater, with less attributed to the student. However, the proportion of variance attributed to the student was greater than what has been demonstrated in other generalizability studies of summative clinical assessments. Overall, these findings support the use of RIME as a framework for assessment across clerkships and demonstrate the number of assessments required to obtain sufficient reliability.
End-of-Life-Care Quality in ICUs Is Associated With Family Surrogates’ Severe Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms During Their First 6 Months of Bereavement*
Authors: Tang Siew Tzuh , Huang Chung-Chi , Hu Tsung-Hui , Lo Mei-Ling , Chou Wen-Chi , Chuang Li-Pang , Chiang Ming Chu 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Evidence linking end-of-life-care quality in ICUs to bereaved family members’ psychologic distress remains limited by methodological insufficiencies of the few studies on this topic. To examine comprehensively the associations of family surrogates’ severe anxiety and depressive symptoms with end-of-life-care quality in ICUs over their first 6 months of bereavement.

DESIGN:
Prospective, longitudinal, observational study.

SETTING/PARTICIPANTS:
Family surrogates (n = 278) were consecutively recruited from seven medical ICUs at two academically affiliated medical centers in Taiwan.

MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
Family surrogates’ anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed 1, 3, and 6 months postloss using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Family satisfaction with end-of-life care in ICUs was assessed 1-month postloss by the Family Satisfaction in the ICU questionnaire. Patients’ end-of-life care was documented over the patient’s ICU stay. Associations of severe anxiety and depressive symptoms (scores ≥ 8 for each subscale) with end-of-life-care quality in ICUs (documented by patient care received and family satisfaction with end-of-life care in ICUs) were examined by multivariate logistic regression models with generalized estimating equation.

MAIN RESULTS:
Prevalence of severe anxiety and depressive symptoms decreased significantly over time. Surrogates’ lower likelihood of severe anxiety or depressive symptoms 3–6 month postloss was associated with death without cardiopulmonary resuscitation, withdrawing life-sustaining treatments, and higher family satisfaction with end-of-life care in ICUs. Bereaved surrogates’ higher likelihood of these symptoms was associated with physician-surrogate prognostic communication and conducting family meetings before patients died.

CONCLUSIONS:
End-of-life-care quality in ICUs is associated with bereaved surrogates’ psychologic well-being. Enhancing end-of-life-care quality in ICUs by improving the process of end-of-life care, for example, promoting death without cardiopulmonary resuscitation, withdrawing life-sustaining treatments, and increasing family satisfaction with end-of-life care, can lighten bereaved family surrogates’ severe anxiety symptoms and severe depressive symptoms.
The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Abnormal Liver Function, Digestive System Disease and Liver Disease in COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Dong Zi-yuan , Xiang Bing-Jie , Jiang Min , Sun Ming-jun , Dai Cong 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 infected millions of people. Some patients had gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, abnormal liver function, digestive system disease and liver disease.

Aim:
To investigate the prevalence of GI symptoms, abnormal liver function, digestive system disease and liver disease in patients with COVID-19 by a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Ovid Embase, Medline, and 2 Chinese databases. Primary outcomes were the prevalence of GI symptoms, abnormal liver function, digestive system disease, and liver disease. Different studies were included in different subset analysis. These outcomes were estimated with proportions, odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value by Stata SE 15.1.

Results:
Thirty-one studies involving 4682 patients were included. The most significant GI symptoms were diarrhea (0.08, 95% CI: 0.06-0.11) and anorexia (0.17, 95% CI: 0.06-0.27). The most significant abnormal liver function was increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (0.25, 95% CI: 0.16-0.33). A total of 5% of the patients had digestive system disease (95% CI: 0.02-0.08). A total of 3% of the patients had liver disease (95% CI: 0.02-0.05). The prevalence of nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, abnormal liver function, digestive system disease, and liver disease was higher in Wuhan group. The prevalence of diarrhea was higher in non-China group. Patients in severe/intensive care unit group were more likely to have diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain increased aspartate aminotransferase, and increased ALT.

Conclusion:
The most significant GI symptoms were anorexia and diarrhea. The most significant abnormal liver function was increased ALT. Severe patients were more likely to have GI symptoms and abnormal liver function.
Diagnostic accuracy of different blood cells-derived indexes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Erre Gian Luca , Buscetta Giorgio , Mangoni Arduino Aleksander , Castagna Floriana , Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Oggiano Massimiliano , Carru Ciriaco , Passiu Giuseppe , Zinellu Angelo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To evaluate the performance of different blood cells-derived indexes in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate inflammation systemic index were calculated in 199 consecutive RA patients and 283 sex and age-matched controls (147 healthy donors and 136 patients with other rheumatic diseases). Area under the curve (AUCs), sensitivity and specificity were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of indexes in discriminating between RA and controls. Association between indexes and RA variables was explored by multiple linear regression analyses.
Blood cells-derived indexes did not demonstrate good accuracy in differentiating RA from controls with lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, the index with the best diagnostic performance, having 63.6% of sensitivity and 65.3% specificity [AUC (95%CI) = 0.67 (0.62–0.72]. The accuracy of the indexes in differentiating RA from healthy donors was significantly higher than that (AUCs < 0.6 for all comparisons) differentiating RA from rheumatic diseases. In RA, SIRI and aggregate inflammation systemic index showed significant association with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Our results do not support the use of blood cells-derived indexes for the diagnosis of RA, suggesting that they might reflect chronic inflammatory burden in rheumatic diseases rather than, specifically, in RA.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes in pituitary incidentalomas and non-incidental pituitary tumors treated with endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Morinaga Yusuke , Abe Ichiro , Nii Kouhei , Hanada Hayatsura , Takemura Yusuke , Takashi Yuichi , Sakamoto Kimiya , Inoue Ritsurou , Mitsutake Takafumi , Kobayashi Kunihisa , Higashi Toshio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
In this retrospective study, we investigated the status and validity of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (eTSS) for pituitary incidentalomas (PIs) as well as the value of basing the indication for surgery on the PI guidelines.

Methods:
Patients who underwent eTSS at Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital between 2012 and 2018 were divided into the PI group and the non-PI group in accordance with the PI guideline of the Endocrine Society and their clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes were compared and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 59 patients were enrolled, with 35 patients in the PI group and 24 patients in the non-PI group. The diagnoses in the PI group were of non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) (n = 12, 34%), gonadotropin-producing pituitary adenoma (n = 8, 23%), Rathke cleft cyst (n = 7, 20%), meningioma (n = 4, 11%), and growth hormone-producing pituitary adenoma (n = 3, 9%); those in the non-PI group were of NFPA (n = 6, 25%), gonadotropin-producing pituitary adenoma (n = 3, 13%), Rathke cleft cyst (n = 3, 13%), growth hormone-producing pituitary adenoma (n = 3, 13%), and prolactin producing pituitary adenoma (n = 3, 13%). Regarding the preoperative factors, 1 patient in the PI group with panhypopituitarism was diagnosed with pituitary apoplexy (pure infarction) of an NFPA. The rates of postoperative anterior pituitary hormonal deficiencies (14% vs 46%, P = .015), residual tumor size (2 ± 5 vs 6 ± 7 mm, P = .008), and reoperation (n = 0, 0% vs n = 5, 21%, P = .005) were significantly different between the PI and non-PI groups.

Conclusions:
This study showed that, postoperatively, the incidence of anterior pituitary hormonal deficiencies was lower in the PI than in the non-PI group, although it was comparable between the 2 groups before the operation. The patients in the PI group also had smaller residual tumors and a lower risk of reoperation than those in non-PI group. PIs could have a better postoperative clinical outcome than non-PIs when the indication for eTSS is based on preoperative scrutiny according to the PI guidelines and eTSS is performed by an experienced pituitary surgeon. Hence, more aggressive scrutiny and treatment for PIs might be desirable.
Integrated TCGA and GEO analysis showed that SMAD7 is an independent prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dai Zhou-Tong , Wang Jun , Zhao Kai , Xiang Yuan , Li Jia Peng , Zhang Hui-Min , Peng Zi-Tan , Liao Xing Hua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The lack of effective markers leads to missed optimal treatment times, resulting in poorer prognosis in most cancers. Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (SMAD) family members are important cytokines in the transforming growth factor-beta family. They jointly regulate the processes of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the expression of SMAD family genes in pan-cancers and their impact on prognosis have not been elucidated. Perl software and R software were used to perform expression analysis and survival curve analysis on the data collected by TCGA, GTEx, and GEO, and the potential regulatory pathways were determined through gene ontology enrichment and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis. It was found that SMAD7 and SMAD9 expression decreased in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and their expression was positively correlated with survival time. Additionally, SMAD7 could be used as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. In general, SMAD7 and SMAD9 can be used as prognostic markers of LUAD. Further, SMAD7 is expected to become a therapeutic target for LUAD.
The acupuncture-related therapy for post-stroke urinary incontinence
Authors: Cheng Pan , Chi Zhenhai , Xiao Yuanyi , Xie Wenping , Zhu Daocheng , Yu Ting , Li Haiyan , Qin Siyu , Jiao Lin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background:
With the rising incidences stroke, the Post-Stroke Urinary Incontinence (PSUI) has become one of the common clinical sequelae. PSUI not only lowers the quality of life of patients, but also impacts tremendously to mental health. As a treasure of Chinese medicine, acupuncture and its related therapies have been widely accepted in clinical treatment of PSUI. Recently, there have been many clinical studies on the treatment of PSUI with acupuncture and related therapies, but the best way to treat PSUI is controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an optimal ranking regarding acupuncture and its related therapies for PSUI.

Methods:
The five domestic and foreign databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database will be systematically searched. The time range of the literature search is from the date of establishment to August 31, 2020. The main evaluation outcome was the number of patients after treatment, and the frequency of urinary incontinence. The secondary evaluation outcome was International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index (Barthel ADL Index) and the incidence rate of adverse events. The methodological quality of the article will evaluated by Cochrane Collaboration's Tool and the quality of evidence will evaluated through Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) instrument. The Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) will be completed using Stata statistical software.

Results:
The final results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusion:
This network meta-analysis will compare the efficacy and safety of different acupuncture therapies in the treatment of PSUI and summarize the best treatment options, which will help patients and doctors to choose effective acupuncture methods in time.
The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of motion style acupuncture treatment (MSAT) for acute neck pain
Authors: Kim Doori , Lee Yoon Jae , Park Kyoung Sun , Kim Suna , Seo Ji-Yeon , Cho Hyun Woo , Ha In-Hyuk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background:
Neck pain is a common complaint in the general population. Despite the consistent ongoing pain and the resulting economic burden on affected individuals, there have only been a few studies investigating the treatment of acute neck pain. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of the motion style acupuncture treatment (MSAT) and acupuncture treatment for acute neck pain.

Methods:
This 2-armed, parallel, multi-centered randomized controlled trial will be conducted at 4 community-based hospitals in Korea. A total of 128 subjects will be randomly assigned, at a 1:1 ratio, to the MSAT and the acupuncture treatment groups. Treatment will be administered 2 to 3 times a week for 2 weeks. The primary outcome will be the visual analog scale of neck pain on movement. The secondary outcomes will be the numeric rating scale of the neck, neck disability index, Northwick Park questionnaire, patient global impression of change, range of motion of the neck, 5-level EuroQol-5 dimension, 12-item Short-Form Health Survey, and EuroQol visual analogue scale. This protocol has been registered at the Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04539184).

Discussion:
To our knowledge, this study is the first well-designed multi-centered randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of MSAT on acute neck pain. The results of this study will be useful for clinicians in primary medical institutions that frequently treat acute neck pain patients and for policymakers working with national health insurance.
Anemia and iron deficiency in primigent parturients in a municipality of Brazilian west Amazon
Authors: Santos Maria Tamires Lucas dos , Costa Kleynianne Medeiros de Mendonça , Bezerra Italla Maria Pinheiro , Santos Edigê Felipe De Sousa , Szarfarc Sophia Cornbluth , Rocha Pereira Maria José Francalino da , Abreu Luiz Carlos de , Venancio Daniel Paulino 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To analyze the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in primiparous parturient.
Cross-sectional study conducted in a municipality of the Brazilian Western Amazon from July 2014 to December 2015. A convenience sample of 461 first-time pregnant women were interviewed. Data on their sociodemographic, clinical, obstetric, personal habits and nutritional status were collected. Anemia and iron depletion were measured by peripheral blood collection with hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation index. To test the association between the variables, the χ2 tests were applied and Poisson regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval was performed, and P < .05 values were considered significant. The Forward stepwise strategy was used to construct the adjusted model. These analyzes were performed using the STATA 14.0 program (College Station, TX, 2013).
A higher risk of anemia was identified among adolescent; white; who had a partner; with unpaid occupation, with less than eight years of formal education. Residents in the countryside; smokers; who had more than six prenatal consultations and were overweight.
Anemia was reported in 28.20% and iron depletion in 60.52% of parturient women. The variables studied did not have association with the anemia outcome, except alcohol consumption.