bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver transplant evaluation for fulminant liver failure due to acute hepatitis A infection: Case series and literature review
Authors: Navarro Maria Eugenia D. , Yao Christine C. , Whiteley Adam , Movahedi Babak , Devuni Deepika , Barry Curtis , Zacharias Isabel , Theodoropoulos Nicole M. , Bozorgzadeh Adel , Martins Paulo N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHepatitis A virus can cause liver damage ranging from mild illness to fulminant hepatic failure, constituting 0.35% of all cases of fulminant liver failure. While rates of spontaneous remission are higher for hepatitis A, recent outbreaks attributable to vaccine shortages in highly populated urban cities plagued by insufficient affordable housing and inaccessible sanitation, and changes in the epidemiology of viral strains have resulted in increased hospitalizations and deaths. While the prognosis for patients with FHF has improved since the introduction of transplantation, the decision to transplant is often difficult to reach. We present five patients with HAV and subsequent FHF, one of whom successfully received a liver transplant. We have reviewed all published cases of HAV FHF in the literature and report ten patients, seven of whom received liver transplantation. There are few predictive models that attempt to distinguish between fulminant hepatitis A and spontaneous recovery. Patients found to have positive hepatitis A IgM, encephalopathy, worsening LFT’s and coagulation should be monitored closely and referred to transplant centers urgently for management.
Emergency paediatric blood transfusion practices in Mozambique
Authors: Reggiani Giulia , Muhelo Arlindo , Cavaliere Elena , Pizzol Damiano , Frigo Anna Chiara , Da Dalt Liviana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) indications for transfusion requests and capacity to meet the demand in the paediatric emergency units of a tertiary hospital in Mozambique.BackgroundSevere anaemia is a relevant paediatric problem in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Transfusion can be a life‐saving intervention, but in this setting, blood supply is often limited, and there is a high risk of transfusion‐related complications.Methods/materialsData were gathered from transfusion request forms (n = 3161) sent from the Pediatric Emergency Unit (n = 2319) and Neonatology (n = 842) to the blood bank of the Central Hospital of Beira for the years 2015 to 2016.ResultsWe found that 22% of transfusion recipients had haemoglobin levels greater than WHO recommendations. For patients within the WHO guidelines, 3% were not given transfusions.ConclusionOur findings indicate that there may be room for education on when transfusion should be given. By optimising the allocation of limited blood supply, all children with an effective indication for transfusion could probably receive it. This objective could be achieved through the implementation of national transfusion guidelines and health care provider training.
Provision of COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma in a Resource‐Constrained State
Authors: Ipe Tina S. , Le Tuan , Quinn Brian , Kellar Stan , Clark Melisa , Carlisle Suzanna , Rassmann Anja , Hennigan Steve , Ridenour Terry , Roberts Anthony , Avery David , Ryan Stefanie , Pearson Shanna , Kothari Atul , Patil Naveen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundArkansas is a rural state of 3 million people. It is ranked fifth for poverty nationally. The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Arkansas occurred on 11 March 2020. Since then, approximately 8% of all Arkansans have tested positive. Given the resource limitations of Arkansas, COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was explored as a potentially lifesaving, therapeutic option. Therefore, the Arkansas Initiative for Convalescent Plasma was developed to ensure that every Arkansan has access to this therapy.Study Design and MethodThis brief report describes the statewide collaborative response from hospitals, blood collectors, and the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) to ensure that CCP was available in a resource‐limited state.ResultsEarly contact tracing by ADH identified individuals who had come into contact with “patient zero” in early March. Within the first week, 32 patients tested positive for COVID‐19. The first set of CCP collections occurred on 9 April 2020. Donors had to be triaged carefully in the initial period, as many had recently resolved their symptoms. From our first collections, with appropriate resource and inventory management, we collected sufficient CCP to provide the requested number of units for every patient treated with CCP in Arkansas.ConclusionsThe Arkansas Initiative, a statewide effort to ensure CCP for every patient in a resource‐limited state, required careful coordination among key players. Collaboration and resource management was crucial to meet the demand of CCP products and potentially save lives.
In vivo imaging comparison of unilateral circular retinal plaques in retriever dogs to dysplasia and detachment in the English Springer Spaniel
Authors: Osinchuk Stephanie C. , Sandmeyer Lynne S. , Grahn Bruce H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare the scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescein angiography (FA) findings in retrievers with a single unilateral circular retinal plaque to those of an English springer spaniel with bilateral retinal dysplasia.ProceduresA retrospective record review identified three dogs with circular retinal plaques that underwent SLO and OCT; in two of the three dogs, FA was also completed. Morphologic changes, lesion measurements, and angiogram characteristics were documented. An English springer spaniel with bilateral retinal dysplasia that had undergone SLO, OCT, and FA was used for comparison.ResultsScanning laser ophthalmoscopy of the retriever dogs revealed circular retinal plaques with a dark periphery located in the tapetal retina. OCT revealed a thickening of the nerve fiber layer corresponding to the circular pattern observed on SLO. Within the circular plaque, the retina was predominantly of normal architecture. FA revealed variable hypofluorescence of both the rim and the center of the circular lesion throughout the early angiogram phases. In the late recirculation phase, small multifocal areas of hyperfluorescence were observed. OCT of geographic retinal dysplasia in the English springer spaniel revealed disorganization of both inner and outer retinal layers, and retinal detachment.ConclusionsCircular plaques observed in the tapetal retina are predominantly formed by a thickening of inner retina, while retinal dysplasia has disorganization of both inner and outer retinal layers. Further etiologic research is needed, including pedigree mapping to determine whether retinal plaques are an acquired or inherited condition.
Respiratory cerebrospinal fluid flow is driven by the thoracic and lumbar spinal pressures
Authors: Lloyd Robert A. , Butler Jane E. , Gandevia Simon C. , Ball Iain K. , Toson Barbara , Stoodley Marcus A. , Bilston Lynne E. 
Published: September 2020

Key points
Respiration plays a key role in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the central nervous system.
During inspiration increased venous return from the cranium is believed to draw CSF rostrally. However, this mechanism does not explain why CSF has also been observed to move caudally during inspiration.
We show that during inspiration decreased intrathoracic pressure draws venous blood from the cranium and lumbar spine towards the thorax. We also show that the abdominal pressure was associated with rostral CSF displacement. However, a caudal shift of cervical CSF was seen with low abdominal pressure and comparably negative intrathoracic pressures.
These results suggest that the effects of epidural blood flow within the spinal canal need to be considered, as well as the cranial blood volume balance, to understand respiratory‐related CSF flow. These results may prove useful for the treatment of CSF obstructive pathology and understanding the behaviour of intrathecal drug injections.
AbstractIt is accepted that during inspiration, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows rostrally to compensate for decreased cranial blood volume, caused by venous drainage due to negative intrathoracic pressure. However, this mechanism does not explain observations of caudal CSF displacement during inspiration. Determining the drivers of respiratory CSF flow is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of CSF flow disorders. To quantify the influence of respiration on CSF flow, real‐time phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to record CSF and blood flow, while healthy subjects (5:5 M:F, 25–50 years) performed either a brief expiratory or inspiratory effort between breaths. Transverse images were taken perpendicular to the spinal canal in the middle of the C3 and L2 vertebrae. The same manoeuvres were then performed after a nasogastric pressure catheter was used to measure the intrathoracic and abdominal pressures. During expiratory‐type manoeuvres that elevated abdominal and intrathoracic pressures, epidural blood flow into the spinal canal increased and CSF was displaced rostrally. With inspiratory manoeuvres, the negative intrathoracic pressure drew venous blood from C3 and L2 towards the thoracic spinal canal, and cervical CSF was displaced both rostrally and caudally, despite the increased venous drainage. Regression analysis showed that rostral displacement of CSF at both C3 (adjusted R2 = 0.53; P < 0.001) and L2 (adjusted R2 = 0.38; P < 0.001) were associated with the abdominal pressure. However, with low abdominal pressure and comparably negative intrathoracic pressure, cervical CSF flowed caudally. These findings suggest that changes in both the cranial and spinal pressures need to be considered to understand respiratory CSF flow.
Bivariate continuous q-Hermite polynomials and deformed quantum Serre relations
Authors: Riley Casper W. , Kolb Stefan , Yakimov Milen 
Published: September 2020

To Nicolás Andruskiewitsch on his 60th birthday, with admiration We introduce bivariate versions of the continuous [Formula: see text]-Hermite polynomials. We obtain algebraic properties for them (generating function, explicit expressions in terms of the univariate ones, backward difference equations and recurrence relations) and analytic properties (determining the orthogonality measure). We find a direct link between bivariate continuous [Formula: see text]-Hermite polynomials and the star product method of [S. Kolb and M. Yakimov, Symmetric pairs for Nichols algebras of diagonal type via star products, Adv. Math. 365 (2020), Article ID: 107042, 69 pp.] for quantum symmetric pairs to establish deformed quantum Serre relations for quasi-split quantum symmetric pairs of Kac–Moody type. We prove that these defining relations are obtained from the usual quantum Serre relations by replacing all monomials by multivariate orthogonal polynomials.
Review of Elements of Parallel Computing
Authors: Amoretti Michele 
Published: September 2020

As the title clearly states, this book is about parallel computing. Modern computers are no longer characterized by a single, fully sequential CPU. Instead, they have one or more multicore/manycore processors. The purpose of such parallel architectures is to enable the simultaneous execution of instructions, in order to achieve faster computations. In high performance computing, clusters of parallel processors are used to achieve PFLOPS performance, which is necessary for scientific and Big Data applications.
Mastering parallel computing means having deep knowledge of parallel architectures, parallel programming models, parallel algorithms, parallel design patterns, and performance analysis and optimization techniques. The design of parallel programs requires a lot of creativity, because there is no universal recipe that allows one to achieve the best possible efficiency for any problem.
The book presents the fundamental concepts of parallel computing from the point of view of the algorithmic and implementation patterns. The idea is that, while the hardware keeps changing, the same principles of parallel computing are reused. The book surveys some key algorithmic structures and programming models, together with an abstract representation of the underlying hardware. Parallel programming patterns are purposely not illustrated using the formal design patterns approach, to keep an informal and friendly presentation that is suited to novices.
Derivation and Validation of a Clinical Model to Predict Intensive Care Unit Length of Stay After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Sun Louise Y. , Bader Eddeen Anan , Ruel Marc , MacPhee Erika , Mesana Thierry G. 
Published: September 2020

Background
Across the globe, elective surgeries have been postponed to limit infectious exposure and preserve hospital capacity for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, the ramp down in cardiac surgery volumes may result in unintended harm to patients who are at high risk of mortality if their conditions are left untreated. To help optimize triage decisions, we derived and ambispectively validated a clinical score to predict intensive care unit length of stay after cardiac surgery.

Methods and Results

Following ethics approval, we derived and performed multicenter valida tion of clinical models to predict the likelihood of short (≤2 days) and prolonged intensive care unit length of stay (≥7 days) in patients aged ≥18 years, who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and/or aortic, mitral, and tricuspid value surgery in Ontario, Canada. Multivariable logistic regression with backward variable selection was used, along with clinical judgment, in the modeling process. For the model that predicted short intensive care unit stay, the c‐statistic was 0.78 in the derivation cohort and 0.71 in the validation cohort. For the model that predicted prolonged stay, c‐statistic was 0.85 in the derivation and 0.78 in the validation cohort. The models, together termed the
CardiOttawa LOS Score
, demonstrated a high degree of accuracy during prospective testing.

Conclusions
Clinical judgment alone has been shown to be inaccurate in predicting postoperative intensive care unit length of stay. The CardiOttawa LOS Score performed well in prospective validation and will complement the clinician's gestalt in making more efficient resource allocation during the COVID‐19 period and beyond.
The Art of Politics as Weaving in Plato’s Statesman
Authors: Sampson Kristin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article asserts the significance of the portrayal of the political art of statesmanship as weaving, and aims to show how this image emphasizes two main aspects of the political art of statesmanship. Firstly, the image implies a three-dimensionality, both through the process of weaving and through the thickness of the protective fabric this produces, that in turn indicates the vital aspect of corporeality in politics. Secondly, weaving as a paradigmatic example of the art of statesmanship presents a way of incorporating different entities and joining diverse threads into a cohesive unity, without reducing them to a form of sameness as mere mathematical counting would. These two aspects are in turn connected to an emphasis on the importance in good statesmanship of recognizing the specificity of the occasion (kairos) and the variety and difference of the innumerable qualities to be interlaced in weaving the fabric of a good society.
Bootstrap Methods for Statistical Inference. Part I: Comparative Forecast Verification for Continuous Variables
Authors: Gilleland Eric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen making statistical inferences, bootstrap resampling methods are often appealing because of less stringent assumptions about the distribution of the statistic(s) of interest. However, the procedures are not free of assumptions. This paper addresses a specific situation that occurs frequently in atmospheric sciences where the standard bootstrap is not appropriate: comparative forecast verification of continuous variables. In this setting, the question to be answered concerns which of two weather or climate models is better in the sense of some type of average deviation from observations. The series to be compared are generally strongly dependent, which invalidates the most basic bootstrap technique. This paper also introduces new bootstrap code from the R package “distillery” that facilitates easy implementation of appropriate methods for paired-difference-of-means bootstrap procedures for dependent data.
Biomarkers for Malignant Potential in Vocal Fold Leukoplakia: A State of the Art Review
Authors: Wan Ping , Ongkasuwan Julina , Martinez Julian , Sandulache Vlad , Deng Defeng , Jiang Jack , Sikora Andrew , Altman Kenneth W. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo explore biomarkers that are candidates for understanding potential degeneration to malignancy of vocal fold leukoplakia (VFL), with the goal of guiding future diagnostic and treatment recommendations.Data SourcesPubMed and Medline search engines.Review MethodsA systematic review was conducted by searching the following key words: vocal fold or laryngeal, coupled with leukoplakia or dysplasia, and combined with the term prognostic markers. We collated the biomarkers and their significance, followed by observing the power of their evidence by assessing the quality of the studies according to guidelines of tumor marker prognostic studies (REMARK).ConclusionsPrognostic biomarkers in the 16 studies are generally divided into 3 categories according to their biological roles: proliferation (Ki‐67, CK‐1 RS14024 SNP), cell cycle control (P53, p16, cyclin D1, p57kip2, interleukin‐10 [IL‐10], miR‐10a, and miR‐34c), cell adhesion, and invasion (neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, OPN/CD44v6 axis, MMP‐1, vascular endothelial growth factor A, MMP‐9, serpin peptidase inhibitor 1, plasminogen activator, CTNN/B1, β‐catenin, NANOG, HERG1). The prognostic use of these biomarkers is limited due to the variable methodologies, study design, assay methods, and statistical analysis performed.Implications for PracticePrognostic factors in vocal fold leukoplakia have important clinical implications regarding the potential for malignant degeneration. Although further study is needed, the currently available evidence suggests that p53, p16, cyclin D1, IL‐10, NLR, OPN and CD44v6, CTNNB1, and CTTN and FAK might be of particular interest in determining prognosis of VFL as related to malignancy. Future, large, well‐designed, prospective studies are expected to determine the prognostic power of these biomarkers before their implementation in routine clinical practice.
Development and Evaluation of a System for the Semi-Quantitative Determination of the Physical Properties of Skin After Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Tao Hong , Nagano Kazuya , Tasaki Ikkei , Zhang Tian-qi , Ishizaka Takuya , Gao Jian-Qing , Harada Kazuo , Hirata Kazumasa , Tsujino Hirofumi , Higashisaka Kazuma , Tsutsumi Yasuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to ensure the safe usage of silver nanoparticles (nAgs) in cosmetics, it is necessary to reveal the physical properties of nAgs inside the skin, as these properties may change during the process of percutaneous absorption. In this study, we aimed to establish an analytical system based on single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) to determine the physical properties of nAgs in the skin. First, we optimized a pretreatment method for solubilizing the skin samples and then showed that most of the nAgs were recovered by sodium hydroxide treatment while remaining in particle form. For separating the skin into the epidermis and dermis, we screened several conditions of microwave irradiation. The sp-ICP-MS analysis indicated that the application of 200 W for 30 s was optimal, as this condition ensured complete separation of skin layers without changing the physical properties of the majority of nAgs. Finally, we evaluated the in vivo application by analyzing the quantity as well as the physical properties of Ag in the epidermis, dermis, and peripheral blood of mice after exposing the skin to nAgs or Ag+. Subsequent sp-ICP-MS analysis indicated that nAgs could be absorbed and distributed into the deeper layers in the ionized form, whereas Ag+ was absorbed and distributed without a change in physical properties. This study indicates that in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the response of skin following exposure to nAgs, it is essential to consider the distribution and particle size of not only nAgs but also Ag+ released from nAgs into the skin.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms with renal cell carcinoma in Algerian population
Authors: Bensouilah F. Z. , Chellat-Rezgoune Dj. , Garcia-Gonzalez M. A. , Carrera N. , Abadi N. , Dahdouh A. , Satta D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. The etiology of RCC is a complex interaction between environmental and multigenetic factors. Genome-wide association studies have identified new susceptibility risk loci for RCC. We examined associations of genetic variants of genes that are involved in metabolism, DNA repair and oncogenes with renal cancer risk. A total of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 genes (VEGF, VHL, ATM, FAF1, LRRIQ4, RHOBTB2, OBFC1, DPF3, ALDH9A1 and EPAS1) were examined.

Methods
The current case–control study included 87 RCC patients and 114 controls matched for age, gender and ethnic origin. The 14 tag-SNPs were genotyped by Sequenom MassARRAY® iPLEX using blood genomic DNA.

Results
Genotype CG and allele G of ATM rs1800057 were significantly associated with RCC susceptibility (p = 0.043; OR = 8.47; CI = 1.00–71.76). Meanwhile, we found that genotype AA of rs67311347 polymorphism could increase the risk of RCC (p = 0.03; OR = 2.95; IC = 1.10–7.89). While, genotype TT and T allele of ALDH9A1 rs3845536 were observed to approach significance for a protective role against RCC (p = 0.007; OR = 0.26; CI = 0.09–0.70).

Conclusion
Our results indicate that ATM rs1800057 may have an effect on the risk of RCC, and suggest that ALDH9A1 was a protective factor against RCC in Algerian population.
Factors contributing to diagnostic delay of Caroli syndrome: a single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Shi Wen , Huang Xiao-ming , Feng Yun-lu , Wang Feng-dan , Gao Xiao-xing , Jiao Yang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Caroli syndrome (CS) is a rare congenital disorder without pathognomonic clinical symptoms or laboratory findings; therefore, the diagnosis is often delayed. The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic delay and associated risk factors in CS patients.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of 16 CS patients admitted to a single tertiary medical center on mainland China. The diagnostic timelines of CS patients were reviewed to demonstrate the initial findings of CS at diagnosis, the risk factors associated with diagnostic delay, and potential clues leading to early diagnosis.

Results
The median diagnostic delay was 1.75 years (range: 1 month to 29 years, interquartile range: 6.2 years) in 16 enrolled CS patients. Sex, age, and initial symptoms were not associated with diagnostic delay. 87.5% of CS patients were diagnosed by imaging, and the accuracies of ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were 25, 69.2, and 83.3%, respectively. The median diagnostic delays for patients with or without CT performed at the first hospital visited according to physician and radiologist suspicion of the diagnosis were 7.4 months and 6 years, respectively (p = 0.021). Hepatic cysts with splenomegaly were detected by ultrasound in over half of CS patients.

Conclusions
The majority of CS patients were not diagnosed until complications of portal hypertension had already developed. Recognition and early suspicion of the disease were important factors influencing diagnostic delay of CS. Hepatic cysts plus splenomegaly detected by US might raise the clinical suspicion to include CS in the differential diagnosis.