bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanoresponse of bone is closely related to the osteocyte lacunocanalicular network architecture
Authors: van Tol Alexander Franciscus , Schemenz Victoria , Wagermaier Wolfgang , Roschger Andreas , Razi Hajar , Vitienes Isabela , Fratzl Peter , Willie Bettina M. , Weinkamer Richard 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceThe explanation of how bone senses and adapts to mechanical stimulation still relies on hypotheses. The fluid flow hypothesis claims that a load-induced fluid flow through the lacunocanalicular network can be sensed by osteocytes, which reside within the network structure. We show that considering the network architecture results in a better prediction of bone remodeling than mechanical strain alone. This was done by calculating the fluid flow through the lacunocanalicular network in bone volumes covering the complete cross-sections of mouse tibiae, which underwent controlled in vivo loading. The established relationship between mechanosensitivity and network architecture in individual animals implies possibilities for patient-specific therapies. A new connectomics approach to analyze lacunocanalicular network properties is necessary to understand skeletal mechanobiology.
ARP2/3-independent WAVE/SCAR pathway and class XI myosin control sperm nuclear migration in flowering plants
Authors: Ali Mohammad Foteh , Fatema Umma , Peng Xiongbo , Hacker Samuel W. , Maruyama Daisuke , Sun Meng-Xiang , Kawashima Tomokazu 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Flowering plants have evolved a unique double-fertilization process along with an actin filament (F-actin)-based gamete nuclear migration mechanism. However, how dynamic F-actin movement is controlled in the female gametophytic cells remains unclear. We identified that the movement of F-actin is promoted via an ARP2/3-independent WAVE/SCAR-signaling pathway. We also discovered that the plant class XI myosin XI-G has a function involved in the active movement of F-actin required for sperm nuclear migration, which is different from the canonical myosin function as a cargo transporter. These breakthroughs also provide us with opportunities to further understand how flowering plants control double fertilization and plant cytoskeleton dynamics.
Mesyl phosphoramidate backbone modified antisense oligonucleotides targeting miR-21 with enhanced in vivo therapeutic potency
Authors: Patutina Olga A. , Gaponova (Miroshnichenko) Svetlana K. , Sen’kova Aleksandra V. , Savin Innokenty A. , Gladkikh Daniil V. , Burakova Ekaterine A. , Fokina Alesya A. , Maslov Mikhail A. , Shmendel’ Elena V. , Wood Mattew J. A. , Vlassov Valentin V. , Altman Sidney , Stetsenko Dmitry A. , Zenkova Marina A. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Sequence-specific targeting of disease-associated RNAs by new types of chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides with improved physicochemical and biological properties is still in high demand. miRNA-addressing mesyl phosphoramidate oligonucleotides represent prospective therapeutics since they reveal good bioavailability in tumor tissue, potent and long-lasting antitumor effect, high targeted specificity associated with reactivation of tumor suppressor proteins, and physiological safety.
Coupled impacts of sea ice variability and North Pacific atmospheric circulation on Holocene hydroclimate in Arctic Alaska
Authors: Broadman Ellie , Kaufman Darrell S. , Henderson Andrew C. G. , Malmierca-Vallet Irene , Leng Melanie J. , Lacey Jack H. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Our new record of hydroclimatic change over the past ∼10,000 years in Arctic Alaska reveals that periods of reduced sea ice result in isotopically heavier precipitation derived from proximal, Arctic moisture sources. This systematic relationship is supported by isotope-enabled model simulations and a compilation of regional paleoclimate records. Periods of sea ice reduction also correspond to regionally wetter conditions. A transition from generally wetter conditions (∼10,000 y to 4,000 y ago) to relatively drier conditions (∼4,000 y ago to present) appears related to a recognized shift in North Pacific circulation involving the Aleutian Low atmospheric pressure cell, where less sea ice is associated with strengthened low pressure shifted to the west.
Linking 19th century European settlement to the disruption of a seabird’s natural population dynamics
Authors: Duda Matthew P. , Allen-Mahé Sylvie , Barbraud Christophe , Blais Jules M. , Boudreau Amaël , Bryant Rachel , Delord Karine , Grooms Christopher , Kimpe Linda E. , Letournel Bruno , Lim Joeline E. , Lormée Hervé , Michelutti Neal , Robertson Gregory J. , Urtizbéréa Frank , Wilhelm Sabina I. , Smol John P. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceGlobally, seabird populations are in decline. Without long-term monitoring, realistic conservation goals are difficult to establish. Here, we use lake sediment records to reconstruct the long-term dynamics of an important colony of Leach’s Storm-petrels. We show that this seabird population underwent moderate natural population fluctuations until Europeans settled near the colony, after which seabird numbers were dramatically reduced. Our approach provides data concerning shifting baselines in conservation by demonstrating that the colony is only ∼16% of the potential carrying capacity, and thus, reasonable conservation goals should be based on preindustrialization population sizes. Likely, numerous other seabirds are also unknowingly in decline, highlighting the need for longer-term data and the immediate need to protect and rehabilitate the critical habitat.
Nanoscale morphological evolution of monocrystalline Pt surfaces during cathodic corrosion
Authors: Arulmozhi Nakkiran , Hersbach Thomas J. P. , Koper Marc T. M. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Cathodic corrosion is a relatively unexplored but highly enigmatic electrochemical phenomenon that transforms, roughens, and dissolves metal surfaces under cathodic polarization. We show how cathodic corrosion of a platinum spherical single-crystal electrode in an aqueous alkaline electrolyte leads initially to the formation of etch pits that reflect the local symmetry of the surface and subsequently develop into a growth regime in which self-similar diffusion-limited patterns emerge. These are unique observations that may eventually open the door to controlled surface patterning and nanoparticle preparation.
Direct visualization of translational GTPase factor pool formed around the archaeal ribosomal P-stalk by high-speed AFM
Authors: Imai Hirotatsu , Uchiumi Toshio , Kodera Noriyuki 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Translation of genetic information by the ribosome is a core biological process in all organisms. The ribosomal stalk is a multimeric ribosomal protein complex which plays an essential role in translation elongation. However, the working mechanism of the ribosomal stalk still remains unclear. In this study, we applied HS-AFM to investigate the working mechanism of the archaeal ribosomal P-stalk. HS-AFM movies demonstrate that the P-stalk collects two translational GTPase factors (trGTPases), aEF1A and aEF2, and increases their local concentration near the ribosome. These direct visual evidences show that the multiple arms of the ribosomal P-stalk catch the trGTPases for efficient protein synthesis in the crowded intracellular environment.
DIA-based systems biology approach unveils E3 ubiquitin ligase-dependent responses to a metabolic shift
Authors: Karayel Ozge , Michaelis André C. , Mann Matthias , Schulman Brenda A. , Langlois Christine R. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
We use a single-run, data-independent acquisition–based mass spectrometry approach to generate and compare dozens of yeast proteomes in less than a day, and provide a comprehensive resource detailing changes to the yeast proteome following commonly used stress treatments in yeast. Our systems biology approach identifies and validates regulatory targets of an E3 ubiquitin ligase during a metabolic switch, providing insights into the interplay of metabolic pathways. The speed, simplicity, and scalability of this workflow makes it particularly well-suited for screens in any cellular system to investigate specific effects of deletions or mutants or other perturbations to obtain the response of biological system on a global level.
Dutch speech intelligibility in bilingual Turkish-Dutch children in Flanders
Authors: Simon Ellen , D’haeseleer Evelien , Altinkamis Feyza , Plevoets Koen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examines the Dutch intelligibility of a group of monolingual Dutch and bilingual Turkish-Dutch preschool children in Flanders, as rated by native Dutch listeners and measured by a Dutch intelligibility test. The intelligibility of the bilingual children is compared to that of the monolingual Dutch children, in order to examine whether age and/or task effects are similar or different in the two groups. The results revealed that intelligibility was affected by age, but showed no significant interaction between age and group. However, we found a significant interaction between age and task: children’s intelligibility increased with age for a word production as well as a sentence production task, but much more so for the latter than for the former. We discuss the results in relation to the children’s developing phonological systems, the age of exposure to Dutch and the nature of the test.
Acute effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on cycling and running performance. A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shyamali Kaushalya Fernando , Romero‐Arenas Salvador , García‐Ramos Amador , Colomer‐Poveda David , Marquez Gonzalo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proven to induce positive effects on athletic performance. The present study aimed to analyse the effect of anodal‐tDCS on endurance (time to exhaustion [TTE] or endurance time trial [ETT]) and sprint performance during cycling and running tasks. We performed a systematic literature review in the databases Medline (via PubMed), SPORTDiscus and Science Direct. We included only randomised controlled trials conducted with healthy individuals in which an anodal‐tDCS protocol was applied prior to cycling or running tests. The effect of anodal‐tDCS (experimental condition) was compared against sham stimulation (control condition). A total of 15 interventions from 13 studies were included. The sub‐group analysis revealed a positive effect of anodal‐tDCS on TTE (standardised mean differences [SMD] = 0.37; 90% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13, 0.61; p = 0.01), but not on ETT (SMD = 0.00; 90% CI = −0.29, 0.30; p = 1.00) or sprint performance (SMD = 0.19; 90% CI = −0.23, 0.60; p = 0.46). The current meta‐analysis suggests that the effect of anodal‐tDCS on whole‐body dynamic exercises (running and cycling) could be task dependent. Specifically, anodal‐tDCS enhance running and cycling time to exhaustion performance during TTE tasks but not ETT or sprint tasks. The increase in cortical excitability induced by anodal‐tDCS may lead to lower ratings of perceived exertion by reducing the input required to perform the physical task. Task should be taken into account, because it is probably influencing the result obtained by anodal‐tDCS.
Whole body and regional phase angle as indicators of muscular performance in athletes
Authors: Hetherington‐Rauth Megan , Leu Chiara G. , Júdice Pedro B. , Correia Inês R. , Magalhães João P. , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)‐derived phase angle (PhA) has been used to assess cellular health in various populations, but its usefulness as a tool for measuring muscular performance in adult athletes has not been extensively investigated. Our investigation examined the association of whole‐body (WB) PhA with muscular performance in 117 adult athletes from different sports and additionally assessed whether regional PhA was a better indicator of muscular performance compared to WB, while accounting for lean soft tissue (LST). Muscular performance was assessed with handgrip strength and countermovement jump power. WB and regional PhA and LST were obtained by BIA and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to model outcomes, while adjusting for LST. WB PhA was positively associated with relative power and relative and absolute strength (p < 0.05), irrespective of LST. Regional PhA measures explained similar amounts of variance in absolute and relative power and strength as that of WB PhA after accounting for age, sex, height, and sport type (lower limb adj R 2 = 0.42, 0.60 for power; upper limb adj R 2 = 0.38, 0.74 for strength; WB adj R 2 = 0.44, 0.63 and 0.38, 0.75 for power and strength, respectively). Only upper limb PhA was related with strength (p < 0.05) after accounting for upper limb LST. PhA may have the potential to be used as a marker of functional muscle mass, which is important when it comes to assessing muscular performance of athletes. Regional measures of PhA do not provide a better indicator of regional strength or power when compared to WB PhA.
Use of Arduino to observe the chaotic movement of a magnetic pendulum
Authors: Ramos L M , Reis C R N , Calheiro L B , Goncalves A M B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using a joystick module, we followed the movement of a chaotic magnetic pendulum. The pendulum bar was attached to a joystick that served as a pivot point and biaxial angular motion sensor. Using an Arduino board, we could follow the position as a function of time along both the x and y-axis and draw a graph showing the chaotic behaviour of the pendulum.
Configuraional Entropy of a parabolic potential system: A density functional approach
Authors: Mondal Arijit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the configurational entropy of many-particle system interacting with parabolic potential. The classical density functional theory(cDFT) is used here to study it. In this work, the parabolic potential system is mapped to a hard-sphere system (Mondal et al 2017 Phys. Rev. E 96, 012 124) with a properly chosen diameter and evaluate the free energy. The configurational entropy is obtained from this free energy. In cDFT the inhomogeneous density profile is described in terms of Gaussian density profile located at all the lattice points, which are characterized through Bernal pair correlation function. The extrapolated configurational entropy vanishes at Kauzmann packing fraction(η

k
). The η

k
shows amorphous structure dependence. The dependence of η

k
with the strength of the parabolic potential is also studied here.
Treatment of facial nerve palsies with laser and endermotherapy: a report of two cases
Authors: Panhóca Vitor Hugo , Nogueira Marcelo Saito , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Facial nerve palsy involves paralysis of unknown origin caused by trauma, infectious disease or metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to employ low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the recovery of two patients with facial nerve palsies due to trauma and Bell’s palsy (BP), respectively. LLLT was used with a gallium aluminum arsenide laser (780 nm) in the first case and in the second case LLLT (660 nm and 808 nm) was used synergistically with a vacuum therapy device. No medication was administered during laser treatment and vacuum therapy. The treatments resulted in complete recovery and normal facial expression in both patients including improved facial movement and facial symmetry at rest. With this result in mind, we believe LLLT and combined vacuum therapy may be an alternative treatment to decrease the recovery time of facial expression in normal patients with facial nerve palsies and BP.
Numerical investigation of the effect of river meander on the dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Bobrov M S , Hrebtov M Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report on a numerical study of diurnal cycle in the atmospheric boundary layer above a meandering river. The topography and the river shape are taken from the satellite data near Krasnoyarsk (Russia). Convective patterns developing during the early morning and the daytime lead to the formation of horizontal circulation and the jet-like flow across the river at the point of maximum curvature of the meander. This effect may play an important role in the transport of atmospheric pollutants in urban environment. During the flow evolution, formation of some coherent large-scale vertices is observed. The observed pattern can appear in many similar conditions in nature.
Experimental investigation of applicability limits of K-e turbulent model and Reynolds stresses transfer model in rotary-divergent flow under control via turning blades
Authors: Kabardin I K , Yavorsky N I , Meledin V G , Pravdina M Kh , Gordienko M R , Ezendeeva D P , Kakaulin S V , Usov E V , Kolotilov V A , Krotov S V , Bakakin G V , Kabardin A K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The work continues the work of the previous year. The mass transfer characteristics were experimentally analyzed in a rotary-divergent flow with inserted blades. The laser Doppler anemometer was used for turbulent mass transfer diagnostics. The experimental investigation was used to verify the numerical calculations. As in previous year the model of Reynolds stress transfer describes the flow in range of flow rates from 50 to 250 n.m3/h more adequately than the K-e turbulence model.
Pressure perturbation influence on the length and formation of immiscible liquid plugs in a T-shaped microchannel
Authors: Kovalev A V , Yagodnitsyna A A , Bilsky A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The influence of input pressure perturbations on the plug length and plug formation stages during liquid-liquid plug flow was studied experimentally. Sine-shaped perturbations with amplitudes equal to 1 and 2 magnitudes of average pressure in the unperturbed flow were shown to have a strong influence on the plug length distribution. Stabilization of plug flow and reduction of plug length standard deviation was found for the perturbation period equal to the natural period of a system. The effect of backflow in the dispersed liquid entrainment was observed in the local minima of the perturbation signal.
Capillary hydrodynamics and heat transfer in two-phase gas-liquid microscale systems
Authors: Kuznetsov V V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper aims at discussing the hydrodynamics and heat transfer in gas-liquid microscale systems. A new approach for the determination of the flow pattern, based on measuring the statistical characteristics of gas-liquid flow is proposed that can be used for flow pattern map design. The characteristics of heat transfer during upflow boiling in microchannel heat exchangers that operate at low wall superheat are discussed. A novel method for prediction of the flow boiling heat transfer which accounts the heat transfer enhancement due to formation of the thin curved liquid film and surface waves is presented. The characteristics of heat transfer during subcooled flow boiling in microchannel heat sink designed for high heat flux removal are discussed and method for heat transfer prediction is proposed.
The influence of water level at working area on freon 134a hydrate synthesis by the method of explosive boiling of liquid hydrate-forming gas in water volume with simultaneous mixing
Authors: Meleshkin A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work is part of a comprehensive study to search for the optimal operational parameters of the method based on the explosive boiling of liquefied hydrate-forming gas in a volume of water during decompression. Studies have shown the effectiveness of mixing the working area during decompression. Therefore, this paper presents an experimental study of the influence of the water level at the working site on the synthesis of gas hydrate by the studied method with stirring of the work area. Freon 134a was used as a hydrate forming gas.
Simulation of the outflow of steam from a high-pressure volume into a closed external region
Authors: Alekseev M V , Vozhakov I S , Sorokin A L , Lezhnin S I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A numerical simulation of the process of unsteady outflow of steam (steam-water mixture) from a volume under high pressure into a closed region with rigid boundaries is carried out. The calculations used a thermodynamically equilibrium homogeneous model of a vapor-liquid medium. At small and large (up to 0.15 s) times, spatial distributions of pressure, mass vapor content, density and temperature were obtained and analyzed.
Experimental study of thermal decomposition of mechanochemical formations of solid fuel
Authors: Kuznetsov A V , Butakov E B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To establish an unobvious relationship between the structure and properties of solid fuels, obtained under various conditions of preliminary machining of individual fuel components and the joint mechanochemical treatment of fuel components before burning, with the observed physicochemical processes in the combustion chamber, the physicochemical and thermophysical properties of pine sawdust were studied using various methods. The combustion of the samples was carried out in two stages, the times of the maximum burning rate and the heat flux during combustion of the samples at both stages varied depending on the crystallinity index of the samples.
LDA diagnostics of the flow structure in the model of an advanced four-vortex furnace
Authors: Shadrin E Yu , Anufriev I S , Alekseenko S V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, the internal aerodynamics of a laboratory model of a promising furnace with a four-vortex scheme for burning coal fuel is studied using the method of laser Doppler anemometry (LDA). Distributions of the averaged velocity and velocity pulsations are obtained in various areas of the furnace model in a wide range of regimes. The main features of the flow are identified. The experimental results are compared with the previous measurements by the PIV method; their good agreement is achieved. The data obtained are used to verify the mathematical model in numerical studies of a full-scale furnace.
The dependence of the graphene electrical resistance on mechanical deformation
Authors: Boyko E V , Kostogrud I A , Smovzh D V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, the piezoresistive properties of polymer-graphene composites were investigated. The electrical resistance of these samples ranged from 693 to 1277 Ohm/sq for single-layer graphene coating, and from 477 to 1096 Ohm/sq for multilayer coating. It was shown that with a tensile strain of 4%, the maximum gauge factor was 100. For bending with a radius of curvature of 70 mm, which corresponds to a stretch of 0.75%, the maximum gauge factor was 34. It is shown that samples with a single-layer graphene coating are more resistant to deformation processes – their electrical resistance changes less than in samples with a multilayer graphene coating. Such a phenomenon can be associated with an increased concentration of defects and imperfections in graphene structures, which, in the case of a multilayer coating, leads to lower strength of the entire structure and much more destructive consequences in tension. A multilayer coating can have a heterogeneous structure: individual multilayer islands can be connected by single-layer sections. The gap between the latter leads to a significant drop in the electrical resistance of the entire sample.
Accelerated ion-plasma nitriding of austenitic steels in a low-frequency ferromagnetic enhanced induction discharge
Authors: Isupov M V , Pinaev V A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present work, a possibility of the accelerated ion-plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steels at elevated temperatures is discussed. Experimental data on the plasma-assisted nitriding process of AISI 304 stainless steel are presented in the temperature range of 400-500 °C, with the use of ferromagnetic enhanced induction discharge with a low-frequency and low-pressure as an external source of nitrogen ions and radicals.