bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Extinction Risk and Threats of the World’s Fishes based on the Sampled Red List Index
Authors: Miranda Rafael , Miqueleiz Imanol , Darwall William , Sayer Catherine , Dulvy Nicholas , Carpenter Kent , Polidoro Beth , Dewhurst-Richman Nadia , Pollock Caroline , Hilton-Taylor Craig , Freeman Robin , Collen Ben , Böhm Monika 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Global biodiversity targets require us to identify species at risk of extinction and quantify status and trends of biodiversity. The Red List Index (RLI) tracks trends in the conservation status of entire species groups over time by monitoring changes in categories assigned to species. Here, we calculate this index for the world’s fishes in 2010, using a sampled approach to the RLI based on a randomly selected sample of 1,500 species, and also present RLI splits for freshwater and marine systems separately. We further compare specific traits of a worldwide fish list to our sample to assess its representativeness. Overall, 15.1% of species in the sample were estimated to be threatened with extinction, resulting in an sampled RLI of 0.914 for all species, 0.972 in marine and 0.860 in freshwater ecosystems. Our sample showed fishing as the principal threat for marine species, and pollution by agricultural and foresty effluents for freshwater fishes. The sampled list provides a robust representation for tracking trends in the conservation status of the world’s fishes, including disaggregated sampled indices for marine and freshwater fish. Reassessment and backcasting of this index is urgent to check the achievement of the commitments proposed in global biodiversity targets.
Green Coffee Extract Blockades Haloperidol-Induced Catalepsy and Contralateral Rotations Induced by Apomorphine After Unilateral 6-OHDA Lesion on Striatum
Authors: Molska Graziella , Paula-Freire Lyvia Izaura , Sakalem Marna , Köhn Daniele , Negri Giuseppina , Carlini Elisaldo , Mendes Fúlvio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between coffee consumption and the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of caffeine and green (non-roasted) coffee extract in experimental models of PD. The effects of the oral treatment with green coffee extracts (CE, Coffea arabica 100 or 400 mg/kg) and caffeine (31.2 mg/kg) were evaluated on the catalepsy induced by haloperidol in mice and unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of medial forebrain bundle (MFB) or striatum in rats. Also, the in vitro antioxidant activity and the monoamine levels in the striatum were investigated. CE presented a mild antioxidant activity and administration decreased the catalepsy index. CE at the dose of 400 mg/kg induced ipsilateral rotations 14 days after the lesion. However, the 30-day CE and caffeine treatments did not interfere with the animals’ rotation after apomorphine or methamphetamine challenges in animals with MFB lesion, nor on monoamines levels. Furthermore, CE and caffeine were effective in inhibiting the asymmetry between ipsilateral and contralateral rotations induced by methamphetamine and apomorphine in animals with lesion in the striatum but did not avoid the monoamines depletion. These results suggest a pro-dopaminergic action of CE, although its mechanism remains unclear.
The Impact of Inequalities and Health Expenditure on Mortality Due to Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer: A 20-Year Trend Analysis
Authors: Cunha Amanda , Bigoni Alessandro , Antunes José , Hugo Fernando 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To assess the magnitude and trend of mortality rates due to oral (OC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in the 133 Intermediate Geographic Regions (IGR) of Brazil between 1996 and 2018 and to analyze its association with sociodemographic variables and provision of health services. It also aims to compare the trend of mortality from neoplasms that have been reported as associated with HPV (OPC) with the trend of neoplasms that have been reported as not associated with HPV (OC). Methods: We obtained mortality data from the Mortality Information System in Brazil and analyzed the trends using the Prais-Winsten method. Then, we assessed the relationship between mortality trends and socioeconomic, health spending, and health services provision variables. Results: The median of the APC of the country’s mortality rates was 0.63% for OC and 0.83% for OPC. Trends in mortality in the IGRs correlated significantly with the Human Development Index and government expenditure on ambulatory health care and hospitalizations. Conclusions: Mortality from both types of cancer decreased in those IGR in which the government spent more on health and in the more socioeconomically developed ones. This study found no epidemiological evidence that HPV plays the leading etiological factor in OPC in Brazil.
Spatio-temporally targeted in-situ electroporation of mammalian cells through SiO2 thin-film capacitive microelectrodes
Authors: Maschietto Marta , Maschio Marco Dal , Girardi Stefano , Vassanelli Stefano 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Electroporation is a widely used non-viral technique for the delivery of molecules, including nucleic acids, into cells. Recently, electronic microsystems that miniaturize the electroporation machinery have been developed as a new tool for genetic manipulation of cells in vitro, by integrating metal microelectrodes in the culture substrate and enabling electroporation in-situ. We report that non-faradic SiO2 thin film-insulated microelectrodes can be used for reliable and spatially selective in-situ electroporation of mammalian cells. CHO-K1 and SH-SY5Y cell lines and primary neuronal cultures were electroporated by application of short and low amplitude voltage transients leading to cell electroporation by capacitive currents. We demonstrate reliable delivery of DNA plasmids and exogenous gene expression, accompanied by high spatial selectivity and cell viability. Finally, we show that SiO2 thin film-insulated microelectrodes support a double and serial transfection of the targeted cells.
A Fibular Notch Approach for the Treatment of Ankle Fractures Involving the Distal Tibial Plafond
Authors: Liu Tong , Cheng Yiheng , Qu Wenqing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although several approaches have been used for the treatment of complex ankle fractures, there are still some ankle fractures which can not obtain ideal intraoperative exposure with these traditional approaches. The purpose of this study was to present an innovative fibular notch approach in detail for the treatment of ankle fractures involving the distal tibial plafond and to present a series of patients with either functional or radiographic outcomes.METHODS: Between March 2015 and October 2018, 22 patients with distal tibial plafond fractures with concomitant fibular and distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries were treated through a fibular notch approach. The details of the surgical technique were reviewed from the operative notes. Relevant data were reviewed from the medical records. The quality of fractures and syndesmosis reduction was examined using CT scans, and lateral stability of the ankle was assessed by physical examination and stress radiographs. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS) score was implemented for clinical functional assessment.RESULTS: All surgeries were successfully performed via the fibular notch approach as the primary approach. Postoperative radiography revealed satisfying restoration of all fractures and syndesmosis; however, CT scans showed mild malreduction with a gap of less than 2 mm in 4 fractures and a step-off of less than 2 mm in 1 fracture. No significant soft tissue complications occurred except for one case of delayed wound healing. All fractures healed with an average time of 17.3±3.6 weeks. Mild posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) was present in 4 patients. All patients achieved lateral stability of the ankle except one patient with distal syndesmosis instability. The average ankle range of motion was 55.0 degrees. The average AOFAS score was 88.8.CONCLUSIONS: The fibular notch approach is a safe and reliable approach for the treatment of specific ankle fractures involving the distal tibial plafond. This approach provides excellent direct visualization of the fragments and articular surface without significantly increasing iatrogenic injuries. Satisfactory radiographic and clinical results were observed, and further clinical and anatomical studies are recommended to ascertain the feasibility of this approach in the treatment of complex distal tibial fractures.
Analyses of the pericyte transcriptome in ischemic skeletal muscles
Authors: Teng Yuan-chi , Porfírio-Sousa Alfredo , Ribeiro Giulia , Arend Marcela , Meirelles Lindolfo , Chen Elizabeth , Rosa Daniela , Han Sang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects millions of people and compromises quality of life. Critical limb ischemia (CLI), which is the most advanced stage of PAD, can cause nonhealing ulcers and strong chronic pain, and it shortens the patients’ life expectancy. Cell-based angiogenic therapies are becoming a real therapeutic approach to treat CLI. Pericytes are cells that surround vascular endothelial cells to reinforce vessel integrity and regulate local blood pressure and metabolism. In the past decade, researchers also found that pericytes may function as stem or progenitor cells in the body, showing the potential to differentiate into several cell types. We investigated the gene expression profiles of pericytes during the early stages of limb ischemia, as well as the alterations in pericyte subpopulations to better understand the behavior of pericytes under ischemic conditions.
Methods
In this study, we used a hindlimb ischemia model to mimic CLI in C57/BL6 mice and explore the role of pericytes in regeneration. To this end, muscle pericytes were isolated at different time points after the induction of ischemia. The phenotypes and transcriptomic profiles of the pericytes isolated at these discrete time points were assessed using flow cytometry and RNA sequencing.
Results
Ischemia triggered proliferation and migration and upregulated the expression of myogenesis-related transcripts in pericytes. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis also revealed that pericytes induce or upregulate the expression of a number of cytokines with effects on endothelial cells, leukocyte chemoattraction, or the activation of inflammatory cells.
Conclusions
Our findings provide a database that will improve our understanding of skeletal muscle pericyte biology under ischemic conditions, which may be useful for the development of novel pericyte-based cell and gene therapies.
A Merged Molecular Representation Learning for Molecular Properties Prediction with a Web-based Service
Authors: Kim Hyunseob , Lee Jeongcheol , Ahn Sunil , Lee Jongsuk 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Deep learning has brought a dramatic development in molecular property prediction which is crucial in the field of drug discovery. Various methods such as fingerprint, SMILES, graphs have been proposed for representing molecules. Recently, unlabeled molecule data is used to improve performance for various pre-training methods. The main challenge of molecular properties predictions is designing a data representation and model that can show good performance for various datasets. However, performance deviation due to scarcity of dataset exists in constructing the model. We propose a new self-supervised method to learn the characteristics and structures of molecules by integrating existing methods. The key of our model is learning structures with matrix embedding and learning logics that can infer descriptors via QED prediction. As a result, our method improves the generalization of the data and achieves the best average performance by benchmarking downstream tasks. Moreover, we develop a web-based fine-tuning service to utilize our model on various tasks.
Breast Surgery on the Post-operative Well-being of Women: A Prospective Evaluation
Authors: Ranieri Jessica , Guerra Federica , Giacomo Dina Di 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background. Mammoplasty is the most common surgery that is used for both breast augmentation in healthy women (aesthetic plastic) and breast reconstruction (disease-related plastic) in women who have been diagnosed with and surgically treated for regional breast cancer with radical mastectomy (MRM). When compared to breast reconstruction surgery, aesthetic breast surgery is perceived to result in more favourable aesthetic outcomes.. This study aimed to examine the long-term effects of mammoplasty on the psychological adaptation of women.Methods. A total of 44 30–50-year-old women participated in this study. They were divided into two groups based on the type of breast surgery that they had undergone (augmentation surgery [AS] vs. reconstruction surgery [RS]) and the time that had elapsed since their surgery (≤ 3 years vs. > 3 years). Results. Our findings suggest that the psychological well-being of women who undergo AS declines over time. The women who had undergone AS ≤ 3 and > 3 years earlier did not differ in any of the indicators of emotional functioning. The only exception was their level of satisfaction with their breasts. We examined the impact of mammoplasty on the satisfaction levels and well-being of women who had undergone RS (after MRM). As expected, they were less satisfied with their breasts than those who belonged to the AS group However, this was true only among those who had undergone their surgery ≤ 3 years earlier.Conclusions. In conclusion, our findings underscore the need to provide psychological support to those who have undergone AS and RS. To shorten the adaptation process and enhance their mental well-being, personalised psychological interventions should be provided.
Leveraging Lean Research Principles to Engage Caregivers to Improve Child Undernutrition: a Case Example in Kolkata, India.
Authors: Mallory Kristen , Miller Mikaela A. , Brahmachari Rittika , Mitra Namrata , Abel-Rahman Susan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: For social purpose organizations (SPOs), decisions on which programs to scale are driven by information that often falls short of the gold-standard randomized control trial (RCT). This article offers a case study of how lean research, lean experimentation and lean impact principles can be leveraged by SPOs to inform strategic decision-making.Methods: Through two Phases of iterative experimentation, Children International assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of at-home anthropometric evaluation [mid-upper arm circumference Z-score (MUACz) tape] and nutritional support [supplementary foods (SupF)] to influence caregiver engagement and improve children’s nutritional status compared to centralized interventions. Body Mass Index Z-scores (BMIz) at baseline and completion of each Phase were collected along with semi-structured survey and focus group discussion data. Results: Phase I enrolled 37 caregiver/child dyads (17 MUACz, 20 control). The group receiving MUACz tapes reported ease of use for the intervention and a trend towards improved nutrition outcomes. The findings informed the design of Phase II, which enrolled 88 caregiver/child dyads across four groups (20 control, 21 MUACz, 27 SupF, 20 MUACz + SupF). Phase II uncovered low satisfaction with supplementary food and modest overall impact of the interventions despite favorable perceptions of changes in children’s overall health and higher levels of caregiver engagement addressing child nutritional needs. Conclusions: Lean approaches allow SPOs to innovate within the constraints of their organizations, and provide practical platforms to co-create and test evidence-based solutions with the populations they serve. Lean process and a lean mindset allowed the team to rapidly respond with at-home nutrition implementation strategies when faced with the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. Lean approaches can provide a framework to guide teams towards new solutions even during the most unpredictable and unprecedented times.
An Integrative Multi-omics Approach Reveals New Central Nervous System Pathway Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Clark Christopher , Dayon Loïc , Masoodi Mojgan , Bowman Gene L , Popp Julius 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Multiple pathophysiological processes have been described in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Their inter-individual variations, complex interrelations, and relevance for clinical manifestation and disease progression remain poorly understood, however. We tested the hypothesis that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) integrative multi-omics analysis highlights novel interacting pathway alterations in AD.Methods: We performed multi-level CSF omics in a well-characterized cohort of older adults including subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and mild dementia. Proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, one-carbon metabolism, and neuroinflammation related molecules were analysed applying Elastic-net regression and Multi-Omics Factor Analysis followed by pathway enrichment. Multivariate analysis was used to select best predictive models of AD pathology and cognitive decline.Results: Multi-omics integration identified five major dimensions of heterogenicity explaining the variance within the cohort and differentially associated with AD . Further analysis exposed multiple interactions between single ‘omics modalities and distinct multi-omics molecular signatures differentially related to amyloid pathology, neuronal injury, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Enrichment pathway analysis revealed overrepresentation of the hemostasis, immune response and extracellular matrix signalling pathways in association with AD. Further, combinations of four selected molecules significantly improved prediction of both AD (protein 14-3-3 zeta/delta, clusterin, interleukin-15, and transgelin-2) and cognitive decline (protein 14-3-3 zeta/delta, clusterin, cholesteryl ester 27:1 16:0 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). Conclusions: Applying an integrative multi-omics approach we confirmed previously reported associations with AD pathology and report new molecular and pathways alterations. These findings are relevant for the development of personalized diagnosis and treatment approaches in AD.
Dexmedetomidine postconditioning attenuates cerebral ischemia following asphyxia cardiac arrest through down-regulation of apoptosis and neuroinflammation in rats
Authors: Fan Dan , Li GuangQian , Qian Lei , Gu Pan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and Purpose Neuroprotection strategies after cardiac arrest (CA)/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remain key areas of basic and clinical research. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine following resuscitation and potential mechanisms. Methods Anesthetized rats underwent 6-minute asphyxia-based cardiac arrest and resuscitation, after which the experimental group received a single intravenous dose of dexmedetomidine (25μg/kg). Neurological outcomes and ataxia were assessed after the return of spontaneous circulation. The serum levels and brain expression of inflammation markers was examined, and apoptotic cells were quantified by TUNEL staining. Results Neuroprotection was enhanced by dexmedetomidine post-conditioning after the return of spontaneous circulation. This enhancement was characterized by the promotion of survival, neurological function scores and coordination. In addition, dexmedetomidine post-conditioning attenuated the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at 2h, as well as interleukin (IL)-6 at 2, 24, and 48h. TUNEL staining showed that the number of apoptotic cells in the dexmedetomidine post-conditioning group was significantly reduced compared with in the control group. Further western blot analysis indicated that dexmedetomidine markedly reduced the levels of caspase-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the brain. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine post-conditioning had a neuroprotective effect against cerebral injury following asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest and improved the survival rate. The mechanism was associated with the down-regulation of apoptosis and neuroinflammation.
Shared Decision Making in Pregnancy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Design of a Patient Orientated Decision Aid
Authors: Williams Astrid-Jane , Karimi Neda , Chari Radha , Connor Susan , De Vera Mary A , Dieleman Levinus A , Hansen Tawnya , Ismond Kathleen , Khurana Rshmi , Kingston Dawn , O’Connor Katie , Sadowski Daniel C , Fang-Hwa Flora , Wine Eytan , Leung Yvette , Huang Vivian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: Research has indicated a lack of disease-specific reproductive knowledge among patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and this has been associated with increased “voluntary childlessness”. Furthermore, a lack of knowledge may contribute to inappropriate medication changes during or after pregnancy. Decision aids have been shown to support decision making in pregnancy as well as in multiple other chronic diseases. A published decision aid for pregnancy in IBD has not been identified, despite the benefit of pre-conception counselling and patient desire for a decision support tool. Development and feasibility testing of a decision aid encompassing reproductive decisions in the setting of IBDMethods:The International Patient Decision Aid Standards were implemented in the development of the Pregnancy in IBD Decision Aid (PIDA). A multi-disciplinary steering committee was formed. Patient and clinician focus groups were conducted to explore themes of importance in the reproductive decision-making processes in IBD. A PIDA prototype was designed and tested for feasibility.Results:Issues considered of importance to patients and clinicians encountering decisions regarding pregnancy in the setting of IBD included fertility, conception timing, inheritance, medications, infant health, impact of surgery, contraception, nutrition and breastfeeding. Decisions relating to conception and medications were chosen as the current focus of PIDA, however content inclusion was broad to support use across preconception, pregnancy and post-partum phases. Favourable and constructive user feedback was received. Conclusions:The novel development of a decision aid for use in pregnancy and IBD was supported by initial user testing.