bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum are completely inhibited by photochemical treatment with a γ‐cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids
Authors: Brasch Jochen , Beck‐Jendroschek Vera , Walther Grit , Rubbel Darian 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIntroductionIt was shown previously that dermatophytes can markedly be inhibited by a photochemical treatment with curcumin. This kind of photo‐inactivation needs to be improved, however, because curcumin is poorly water‐soluble. Therefore, a new water‐soluble γ‐cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids was tested for its photochemical inactivation of Trichophyton (T.) rubrum.Materials and methodsConidia were harvested from 6 typical strains of T rubrum and used to inoculate wells of microtiter plates. These wells were also filled with a γ‐cyclodextrin curcuminoid formulation with 0.1% DMSO and Sabouraud broth. The assays were then irradiated with visible light (wavelength 420 nm, 45 J/cm2). After 24 hours, curcuminoid was added once more, and irradiation was repeated. Fungal growth was monitored photometrically for 8 days and compared with controls.ResultsGrowth of all 6 T rubrum strains was completely inhibited by the photochemical treatment with the γ‐cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids. The same curcuminoid formulation applied without irradiation had only a minor inhibitory effect.DiscussionPhoto‐inactivation of dermatophytes with a γ‐cyclodextrin formulation of curcuminoids plus visible light is a very promising procedure with potential for a new treatment of patients with superficial tinea.
Modeling control methods to manage the sylvatic plague in black‐tailed prairie dog towns
Authors: Elzinga David C. , Stowe Shelby R. , Leland Russell F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBlack‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are a keystone species of shortgrass and midgrass prairies, and they are essential for successful reintroduction efforts of endangered black‐footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). Sylvatic plague extirpates black‐tailed prairie dog colonies. We present a model to determine optimal control methods to sustain a black‐tailed prairie dog colony against the plague, including a recently developed vaccine. Our host submodel is a susceptible, exposed, infectious, vaccinated model, and our vector submodel is a susceptible, exposed, early‐stage and late‐stage infectious model with questing and on‐host vectors. Both submodels are hybrid ordinary differential and difference equation models to reflect the phenology of black‐tailed prairie dogs. Our model suggests vaccination efforts can substantially outperform previous control methods (e.g. reactive insecticidal dusting). Our model suggests that a vaccine that provides 18 months of immunity, administered annually, starting one year before an outbreak, can efficiently sustain a black‐tailed prairie dog colony against the plague.Recommendations for resource managers

The current sylvatic plague vaccine, administered annually, is insufficient to protect a black‐tailed prairie dog colony against the sylvatic plague. Developing a vaccine with an immunity period of 18 months is critical for the persistence of a colony against the plague.
While insecticidal dusting appears unable to assist in helping a black‐tailed prairie dog colony recover from a plague outbreak, insecticidal dusting is still a critical prevention tool as plague transmission from the prairie dog flea is capable of causing a plague outbreak by itself.
Black‐tailed prairie dog colony recovery efforts appear sensitive to regularly administered culling. We recommend that colonies that are designated as part of the black‐footed ferret recovery program be protected from population losses from recreational hunting and poisoning.
Selenium: A sole treatment for erosive oral lichen planus (Randomized controlled clinical trial)
Authors: Qataya Passant O. , Elsayed Naguiba Mahmoud , Elguindy Nihal Mohamed , Ahmed Hafiz Marwa , Samy Wael Mahmoud 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic disease with immune‐mediated pathogenesis. Selenium (Se), an antioxidant, plays a role in modulating immunity. The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate two Se forms (novel topical hydrogel and oral capsules), solely, in treating erosive OLP based on clinical evaluation and salivary oxidative stress markers. Patients were allocated into one of three groups: group I, topical corticosteroids; group II, topical Se; and group III, systemic Se. Treatment lasted for 6 weeks; patients were clinically evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. Biochemical analysis for salivary malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels at baseline and 6 weeks was performed. There was a significant reduction in signs and symptoms in response to all treatment modalities. However, there was no significant difference among the three groups at 6 weeks. At 12 weeks, group II had significantly lower pain scores compared with group I. Salivary MDA levels showed a significant decrease in patients of group I and group III. TAC levels showed no significant difference in response to treatment. Selenium can be proposed as a treatment for OLP. Salivary MDA levels can be a biomarker for OLP disease severity.
A prospective observational study of postoperative follow‐ups and outcomes at a nonprofit, internationally supported pediatric surgery center in Guatemala
Authors: Crockett Christy J. , Zeigler Laura N. , Kynes James M. , Lawson Katheryne C. , Figueroa Ligia I. , Hayes Caleb B. , Samen Christelle D. K. , McQueen Kelly A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlobal surgical access is unequally distributed, with the greatest surgical burden in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where surgical care is often supplemented by nongovernmental organizations. Quality data from organizations providing this care are rarely collected or reported. The Moore Pediatric Surgery Center in Guatemala City, Guatemala, is unique in that it offers a permanently staffed, freestanding pediatric surgical center. Visiting surgical teams supplement the local permanent staff by providing a broad range of pediatric subspecialty surgical and anesthesia care.AimThe aim of this study was to collect and report the incidence of completed postoperative follow‐up visits and outcome measures at this nonprofit, internationally supported surgery center.MethodsDe‐identified demographic and postoperative outcome data were collected from each routinely scheduled, one‐week pediatric surgical mission trip and incorporated into an electronic data collection system. Emphasis was placed on identification of completed postoperative visits and associated perioperative complications. After 27 months of data collection, results were analyzed to identify and quantify trends in patient follow‐ups and postoperative outcomes.ResultsOver 27 months, 1639 pediatric surgical procedures were performed and included in data analysis. The percentage of completed postoperative day‐1 follow‐up visits was 99.1%, and seven complications were identified out of these 1624 cases (postoperative complication rate of 0.4%). The percentage of completed first postoperative visits after discharge was 93.3%, and 67 complications were identified out of these 1530 cases (postoperative complication rate of 4.4%).ConclusionOur data show a high rate of postoperative follow‐up visits completed and low perioperative complication rates similar to those of high‐income countries. Our data suggest that The Moore Surgery Center model of care offers an alternative to the short‐term visiting surgical model by incorporating the local system and allows for improved follow‐up, outcomes analysis, and high quality of care.
The genome of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) provides insights into bast fibre and leaf shape biogenesis
Authors: Zhang Liwu , Xu Yi , Zhang Xingtan , Ma Xiaokai , Zhang Lilan , Liao Zhenyang , Zhang Qing , Wan Xuebei , Cheng Yan , Zhang Jisen , Li Dongxu , Zhang Liemei , Xu Jiantang , Tao Aifen , Lin Lihui , Fang Pingping , Chen Shuai , Qi Rui , Xu Xiuming , Qi Jianmin , Ming Ray 
Published: January 2020

SummaryKenaf is an annual crop that is widely cultivated as a source of bast (phloem) fibres, the phytoremediation of heavy metal‐contaminated farmlands and textile‐relevant compounds. Leaf shape played a unique role in kenaf improvement, due to the inheritance as a single locus and the association with fibre development in typical lobed‐leaf varieties. Here we report a high‐quality genome assembly and annotation for var. ‘Fuhong 952’ with 1078 Mbp genome and 66 004 protein‐coding genes integrating single‐molecule real‐time sequencing, a high‐density genetic map and high‐throughput chromosome conformation capture techniques. Gene mapping assists the identification of a homeobox transcription factor LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY 1 (HcLMI1) gene controlling lobed‐leaf. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) of HcLMI1 in a lobed‐leaf variety was critical to induce round (entire)‐like leaf formation. Candidate genes involved in cell wall formation were found in quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fibre yield and quality‐related traits. Comparative genomic and transcriptome analyses revealed key genes involved in bast fibre formation, among which there are twice as many cellulose synthase A (CesA) genes due to a recent whole‐genome duplication after divergence from Gossypium. Population genomic analysis showed two recent population bottlenecks in kenaf, suggesting domestication and improvement process have led to an increase in fibre biogenesis and yield. This chromosome‐scale genome provides an important framework and toolkit for sequence‐directed genetic improvement of fibre crops.
Differences in outcomes between older community‐dwelling patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia with illness onset at young age
Authors: Liao Po‐Chiao , Chung Kuo‐Hsuan , Chen Pao‐Huan , Kuo Chian‐Jue , Huang Yu‐Jui , Tsai Shang‐Ying 
Published: January 2020

AimOlder community‐dwelling patients with severe mental illness (SMI), particularly those with illness onset at young age, constitute a group of survivors with unique long‐term care needs. Using an Asian sample in Taiwan, we attempted to find out the differences in outcomes related to physical health, cognition, and social functioning between older community‐dwelling adults with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia with early age onset.MethodsCommunity‐dwelling patients aged >50 years with bipolar I disorder or schizophrenia whose illness developed before the age of 40 years were recruited. Clinical data were obtained by reviewing all available medical records and by interviewing the patients and their reliable family members. Medical morbidities, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS‐G), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn total, 113 bipolar patients and 104 schizophrenic ones (mean ages = 59.8 and 59.2 years, respectively) became the final subjects. The rates of cognitive impairment (MMSE score <24) were comparable in bipolar disorder (26.5%) and schizophrenia (24.0%) and the mean MMSE scores did not significantly differ from each other. The concurrence (54.9%) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the bipolar group was also similar to 51.0% in the schizophrenic one. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the bipolar group exhibited significantly higher CIRS‐G total scores (95% confidence interval (CI) for odds ratio (OR) = 1.01–1.27), body mass index (95% CI for OR = 1.02–1.21), and GAF scores (95% CI for OR = 1.04–1.14).ConclusionGiven better social functioning and the same cognitive function in older community‐dwelling patients with bipolar disorder, they may remain at higher risk for obesity and medical morbidity than schizophrenic patients. Treatments targeting cognitive impairment and CVDs across their life span are both necessary to promote the health of community‐dwellers with SMI.
Altered hip control during a standing knee‐lift test is associated with increased risk of knee injuries
Authors: Leppänen Mari , Rossi Marko T. , Parkkari Jari , Heinonen Ari , Äyrämö Sami , Krosshaug Tron , Vasankari Tommi , Kannus Pekka , Pasanen Kati 
Published: January 2020

A few prospective studies have investigated hip and pelvic control as a risk factor for lower extremity (LE) injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether deficits in hip and lumbopelvic control during standing knee‐lift test are associated with increased risk of acute knee and LE injuries in youth team sports. At baseline, 258 basketball and floorball players (aged 12‐21 years) participated in a standing knee‐lift test using 3‐dimensional motion analysis. Two trials per leg were recorded from each participant. Peak sagittal plane pelvic tilt and frontal plane pelvic drop/hike were measured. Both continuous and categorical variables were analyzed. New non‐contact LE injuries, and match and training exposure, were recorded for 12 months. Seventy acute LE injuries were registered. Of these, 17 were knee injuries (eight ACL ruptures) and 35 ankle injuries. Risk factor analyses showed that increased contralateral pelvic hike was significantly associated with knee injury risk when using categorical variable (HR for high vs low group 4.07; 95% CI 1.32‐12.6). Furthermore, significant association was found between high lateral pelvic hike angles and ACL injury risk in female players (HR for high vs low group 9.10; 95% CI 1.10‐75.2). Poor combined sensitivity and specificity of the test was observed. In conclusion, increased contralateral pelvic hike is associated with non‐contact knee injury risk among young team sport players and non‐contact ACL injuries among female players. More research to determine the role of pelvic control as a risk factor for knee injuries is needed.
Pathways to gender equality: A configurational analysis of childcare instruments and outcomes in 21 European countries
Authors: Lauri Triin , Põder Kaire , Ciccia Rossella 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ability to produce desired outcomes represents an important basis of the legitimacy of social policies. Nonetheless, policy outcomes have not systematically figured in the analysis of childcare regimes despite growing political interest in issues such as female employment, gender wage gap, and men's involvement in childcare. In this article, we use fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to investigate the relationship between the configuration of policy instruments, attitudes toward childcare and outcomes in 21 European countries. Our results show that there is only one mix of policy instruments consistently linked with positive gender equality outcomes and this route has the quality of the universal caregiver model. It also demonstrates that both a combination of policy instruments and favorable attitudinal factors are necessary to produce desirable outcomes in the gender division of paid work and unpaid childcare.
Salvage heart transplantation for Mycoplasma hominis prosthetic valve endocarditis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Givone Filippo , Peghin Maddalena , Vendramin Igor , Carletti Silvia , Tursi Vincenzo , Pasciuta Renée , Livi Ugolino , Bassetti Matteo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHeart transplantation (HT) has been rarely performed in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and is considered a “last resort” procedure. Orthotropic HT with bicaval technique was performed in a man with culture‐negative endocarditis. Mycoplasma hominis was later detected using 16S ribosomal DNA PCR from surgically removed valve tissue. Literature review and previous results are summarized. HT may be considered as salvage treatment in selected patients with intractable IE. In cases when there is no growth in culture, 16S ribosomal DNA PCR sequencing can be used to identify the pathogen in excised valvular tissue. Mycoplasma spp. is extremely uncommon and difficult to diagnose cause of infective endocarditis (IE). There are no proposed or defined criteria for heart transplantation (HT) in patients with refractory IE, and HT has been rarely performed in this setting. We report a case of M hominis prosthetic valve endocarditis diagnosed by 16S ribosomal DNA PCR in a patient who underwent a salvage HT. We reviewed in the literature other cases of IE caused by Mycoplasma spp.
Endoplasmic reticulum‐mediated unfolded protein response is an integral part of singlet oxygen signalling in plants
Authors: Beaugelin Inès , Chevalier Anne , D'Alessandro Stefano , Ksas Brigitte , Havaux Michel 
Published: January 2020

SummarySinglet oxygen (1O2) is a by‐product of photosynthesis that triggers a signalling pathway leading to stress acclimation or to cell death. By analyzing gene expressions in a 1O2‐overproducing Arabidopsis mutant (ch1) under different light regimes, we show here that the 1O2 signalling pathway involves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐mediated unfolded protein response (UPR). ch1 plants in low light exhibited a moderate activation of UPR genes, in particular bZIP60, and low concentrations of the UPR‐inducer tunicamycin enhanced tolerance to photooxidative stress, together suggesting a role for UPR in plant acclimation to low 1O2 levels. Exposure of ch1 to high light stress ultimately leading to cell death resulted in a marked upregulation of the two UPR branches (bZIP60/IRE1 and bZIP28/bZIP17). Accordingly, mutational suppression of bZIP60 and bZIP28 increased plant phototolerance, and a strong UPR activation by high tunicamycin concentrations promoted high light‐induced cell death. Conversely, light acclimation of ch1 to 1O2 stress put a limitation in the high light‐induced expression of UPR genes, except for the gene encoding the BIP3 chaperone, which was selectively upregulated. BIP3 deletion enhanced Arabidopsis photosensitivity while plants treated with a chemical chaperone exhibited enhanced phototolerance. In conclusion, 1O2 induces the ER‐mediated UPR response that fulfils a dual role in high light stress: a moderate UPR, with selective induction of BIP3, is part of the acclimatory response to 1O2, and a strong activation of the whole UPR is associated with cell death.
Age‐related bone loss is associated with FGF21 but not IGFBP1 in healthy adults
Authors: Lee Shuen Yee , Fam Kai Deng , Chia Kar Ling , Yap Margaret M. C. , Goh Jorming , Yeo Kwee Poo , Yap Eric P. H. , Chotirmall Sanjay H. , Lim Chin Leong 
Published: January 2020

What is the central question of this study?
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays important therapeutic roles in metabolic diseases but is associated with bone loss, through insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1), in animals. However, the effect of the FGF21–IGFBP1 axis on age‐related bone loss has not been explored in humans.
What is the main finding and its importance?
Using ‘genetically linked’ parent and child family pairs, we show that the FGF21 concentration, but not the IGFBP1 concentration, is higher in older than in younger adults. Our results suggest that age‐associated decline in bone mineral density is associated with FGF21 and increased bone turnover but not likely to involve IGFBP1 in healthy humans.
AbstractBone fragility increases with age. The fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21)–insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) axis regulates bone loss in animals. However, the role of FGF21 in mediating age‐associated bone fragility in humans remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the FGF21‐regulatory axis in bone turnover and the age‐related decline in bone mineral density (BMD). Twenty ‘genetically linked’ family (parent and child) pairs were recruited. Younger adults were 22–39 years old and older adults 60–71 years old. The BMD and serum concentrations of FGF21, IGFBP1, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were measured. Older adults had 10–18% lower BMD at the hip and spine (P < 0.008) and a twofold higher FGF21 concentration (P < 0.001). The IGFBP1 concentration was similar in younger and older adults (P = 0.961). The RANKL concentration was 44% lower (P = 0.006), whereas TRAP5b and BAP concentrations were 36 and 31% higher (P = 0.01 and P = 0.004), respectively, in older adults than in younger adults. Adjusting for sex did not affect these results. The FGF21 concentration was negatively correlated with BMD at the spine (r = −0.460, P = 0.003), but not with the IGFBP1 concentration (r = −0.144, P = 0.374). The IGFBP1 concentration was not correlated with BMD at the hip or spine (all P > 0.05). In humans, FGF21 might be involved in the age‐associated decline in BMD, especially at the spine, through increased bone turnover. IGFBP1 is unlikely to be the downstream effector of FGF21 in driving the age‐associated decline in BMD and in RANKL‐associated osteoclast differentiation.
Determining the Optimal Location of Vent Augmenters in an Elliptical-Bladed Savonius Rotor
Authors: Alom Nur , Saha Ujjwal K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Savonius wind turbine rotor, or simply Savonius rotor is gaining importance throughout the globe as a device to produce electric power without donating much to global warming. Although this type of conventional rotor suffers from lower efficiency, it has many important rewards like simplicity, easier manufacturability, and lower maintenance cost. This has attracted the researcher’s attention towards improving its design further. To improve the Savonius rotor performance, several blade profiles/shapes and augmentation techniques have been evolved. In this study, an effort has been made to investigate the performance of a novel elliptical blade profile by incorporating the vent-augmentation technique. The prime objective is to decrease the negative thrust of the rotor by locating the vents optimally on the blade concave surface. In view of this, the vents are created at three different positions on the blade concave surfaces. Two-dimensional (2D) unsteady simulations are performed around the vented blade profiles of the Savonius rotor using SST k-ω turbulence model by FVM based solver ANSYS Fluent. The torque and power coefficients (CT and CP) are calculated at the revolving environments. The total pressure and velocity contours are obtained and analyzed. For a direct judgement, the results are also generated for the blade profiles without vent-augmenters. The study reveals an enhancement in performance of the vent-augmented elliptical blade profile of the Savonius rotor.