bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restricting lepidopteran herbivory through trap cropping and bird perches in Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Cheema Harpreet Kaur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Egyptian clover L. is a winter season leguminous forage that supports a great diversity of insect pest populations in the Northern Indian Plains. In the context of evolving non-chemical approach for pest control, different trap crops viz. marigold,Tagetes erecta: chickpea,Cicer arietinumL.; and sunflower,Helianthus annuus, were planted as border rows around the clover plots to trap lepidopteran larvae. The push and pull strategy was further augmented by the help of neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 3% spray on the main crop. Services of insectivorous birds were utilized through T-shaped bird perches for feeding on lepidopteran larvae. The lowest larval population ofHelicoverpa armigera(2.29 individuals/m row length) was recorded in the plots with the trap crops such as marigold and bird perches, and those that received neem insecticidal sprays which indicated the decrease of larval population due to the repellant action of neem gave (75.8%) a reduction in larval population than the sole cropped plots, followed by chickpea (2.58 larvae; 72.8%) reduction in larval population and sunflower (3.53 larvae; 63%). Sunflower recorded the highest number ofH.armigerapopulation, at flowering stage of berseem which depicted the suitability of sunflower for the attractiveness of low number of the larvae (2.75 larvae/m row length) on berseem. The plots with berseem as a sole crop without any control measure exhibited significantly highH.armigeralarvae (12.95 larvae per meter row length). The fecundity of pod borer on different trap crops revealed the highest fecundity population (7.25 larvae) ofHelicoverpaon either chickpea or sunflower as trap crops. During the vegetative phase of berseem and the flowering stage of marigold and sunflower, these were recorded as favorable hosts. The highest green fodder yield (GFY; 1115 q/ha) was recorded in plots sown with marigold as the trap crop and with bird perches and in plots that received NSKE sprays as compared to sole cropped plots (700 q/ha). The data on seed yield also revealed superiority of berseem plots with sunflower, as a trap crop, and also a high parasitization by parasitoids.
Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma transfusion in the treatment of infertile women with thin endometrium and its implications in IVF cycles: a literature review
Authors: Samy Ahmed , Abbas Ahmed M. , Elmoursi Ahmed , Elsayed Mohamed , Hussein Reda S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Thin endometrium could be a major contributing factor in decreasing pregnancy rates with in-vitro fertilization. Several treatments have been studied in patients with thin endometrium, like hormonal therapy by GnRH-agonist and estrogen. Additionally, vasoactive measures like aspirin, a mix of pentoxifylline, vitamin E, l-arginine, sildenafil, and intrauterine infusion of a growth factor such as G-CSF, and the recent application of regenerative medicine were reported in previous trials.

Main body of the abstract
We discuss here a new modality for thin endometrium treatment using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) administered as an intrauterine infusion. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP in cases of infertility. All relevant articles addressing the use of PRP, published from January 2000 to September 2018, were reviewed and analyzed. The studies published on the PRP treatment model for thin endometrium in the gynecology field were mainly case series, pilot studies, or case reports.

Conclusion
In the current review, we found that the local administration of PRP is significantly effective in increasing pregnancy rates of infertile women with thin endometrium < 6 mm.
The value of CESM in the evaluation of intraductal breast papilloma: a comparative study with DCE-MRI
Authors: Hegazy Rania , Adel Lamia , Yasin Rabab 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) as compared to dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the evaluation of intraductal breast papilloma with histopathological correlation. This study is a retrospective study done on 45 consecutive patients. Their ages ranged between 36 and 70 years with a mean age of 51.1 ± 8.7. All of them were suspected to have intraductal papilloma on full-field digital mammography (FFDM), 3D automated breast ultrasound (3D-ABUS), and 2D handheld ultrasound (2DHHUS). CESM and DCE-MRI were done for all patients. The data were collected, tabulated, statistically analyzed using an IBM personal computer with Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS).

Results
There were 37 histopathology proven papillomas either by US-guided core needle biopsy, surgical biopsy following wire localization or fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Lesions are divided into three subgroups according to size. When the size of lesion > 10 mm MRI sensitivity and specificity is 100% and 66.7%, that of CESM is 90.1% and 0% respectively. In lesions sized 5–10 mm Sensitivity and specificity of MRI is 100% and 58% respectively and those of CESM are 63.6% and 50% respectively. Lesions less than 5mm MRI sensitivity and specificity is 100% and 0%, that of CESM was 0% and 100% respectively.

Conclusion
DCE-MRI has a significantly higher sensitivity than CESM for the diagnosis of intraductal papilloma whatever the size of the lesion, especially when the size is less than 5 mm.
The value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the diagnosis and management of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Azzam Heba , Kamal Rasha , El-Assaly Hany , Omer Liza 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is undoubtedly the world’s most frequent cancer among women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that does not express estrogen, progesterone, or human epidermal growth factor receptors, yet its imaging is considered a challenge to radiologists having imprecise features.
In this study, we aimed at defining the MRI characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer to validate its impact on management.

Results
Most of the TNBCs in this study showed malignant pattern kinetic curves (types II and III), 87/104 (83.7%), and P value 0.673 (not significant), and regarding the type of lesion enhancement, 104/172 cases (60.5%) showed mass enhancement compared to 52/172 (30.2%) non-mass enhancement and 16/172 (9.3%) focus enhancement, P value 0.185 (not significant). As for the internal enhancement pattern of mass lesions, rim internal enhancement was predominant in TNBC mass lesions, 48/104 (46.2%), as well as intratumoral bright signal intensity on T2-weighted images, 108/172 (62.8%), P value 0.001 (highly significant).

Conclusion
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are larger, better defined, and more necrotic than conventional cancers. On MRI, necrosis yields high T2-weighted signal intensity.
Role of dexmedetomidine infusion after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Hamouda Tamer , Ismail Mohamed , Ibrahim Tamer Hamed , Ewila Hesham , Elmahrouk Ahmed 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Postoperative pain has negative consequences on patients’ outcomes after cardiac surgery. Routine management with opioid and or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications has several disadvantages. Dexmedetomidine is a selective α2 agonist used for sedation and analgesia. The use of dexmedetomidine for postoperative pain management and decreasing delirium and agitation in cardiac surgery patients is a matter of debate. Our objective was to determine the role of an early administration of dexmedetomidine in decreasing opioid use post-cardiac surgery and its effects on the quality of postoperative recovery.

Results
Medical records of 120 patients admitted to the cardiac surgery intensive care unit (CSICU) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in two cardiac centers between December 2015 and December 2016 were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A included 55 patients who received dexmedetomidine in a dose of 0.2–0.4 mcg/kg/h on admission to CSICU, and group B included 65 patients who did not receive dexmedetomidine. The primary outcome was the pain score immediately after extubation, and the secondary outcomes included post-extubation sedation and pain scores for 12 h.
There were significant decrease of the pain scores in dexmedetomidine group that continues through the 3rd, 6th, 8th, and 12th hour readings after surgery with mean modified Ramsay scores 0.1 ± 0.0, 0.89 ± 2.05, 0.35 ± 0.1, and 0.12 ± 1.1 respectively compared to 0.46 ± 1.15, 3.46 ± 2.93, 0.98 ± 1.90, and 0.12 ± 1.1 in group B (p < 0.001), significant decrease in cumulative morphine received (p < 0.001, OR = 909, 95% CI 0.05–0.19), favorable reduction in heart rate in dexmedetomidine group (80 ± 1.9 b/min) compared to 96 ± 8.8 b/min in the other group (p = 0.017), and smoother recovery from general anesthesia.

Conclusion
Administration of dexmedetomidine in the early postoperative period can be safe. It may reduce the use of opioids, has sedative, analgesic, and sympatholytic effects that could play a useful role during the management of coronary artery bypass patients, and may improve postoperative recovery.
Scoop: Multicenter phase I/II trial of BBI608 and pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (EPOC1503).
Authors: Hara Hiroki , Kawazoe Akihito , Kuboki Yasutoshi , Komatsu Yoshito , Nishina Tomohiro , Shinozaki Eiji , Yuki Satoshi , Takahashi Koji , Mikamoto Yuichi , Hirano Nami , Nomura Shogo , Togashi Yosuke , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Sato Akihiro , Ohtsu Atsushi , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: February 2020

107 Background: The anti–PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab (P) provides response rates of 28-57% in patients (pts) with MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) vs 0% in those with non-MSI-H cancers. STAT3 has been previously reported as a potential key driver of immune evasion. This study investigates efficacy and safety for the combination of BBI608 (napabucasin), which blocks phosphorylated STAT3 and downregulates IDO1 and PD-L1, with P, in pts with mCRC. BBI608 480 mg BID with P was determined as the recommended phase II dose in phase I. Methods: Phase II included Cohorts A (MSI-H) and B (non-MSI-H). Pts with mCRC not responding to or intolerant of standard chemotherapies were enrolled. The primary endpoint was immune-related objective response rate (irORR), according to irRECIST. The sample size for Cohort A (10 pts) was derived in an exploratory manner. In Cohort B, assuming null and alternative hypotheses of irORR = 5% and 20% led to an estimated required sample size of 40 pts, with a 1-sided alpha of 5% and power of 90%. Genomic profiles and the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) of colorectal cancer were determined by whole exome sequencing and RNA sequencing as previously described. Results: From Feb/2017 to Jun/2018, 10 pts were enrolled in Cohort A and 40 in Cohort B. The irORR was 50% (5 of 10 pts) in Cohort A and 10% (95% CI 2.8 to 23.7) (4 of 40 pts) in Cohort B. Of evaluable 19 pts for CMS classification in Cohort B, CMS1, CMS2, CMS3, and CMS4 were detected in 3, 6, 4, and 6 cases, respectively. The irORR was 33% (1 of 3 pts), 0% (0 of 6 pts), 25% (1 of 4 pts), 33% (2 of 6 pts) in CMS1, CMS2, CMS3, and CMS4, respectively. One CMS3 patient with partial response had POLE mutation, while 1 CMS1 and 2 CMS4 pts with partial response did not. The most common grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events included fever (10%) in Cohort A, and diarrhea (5%) and appetite loss (7.5%) in Cohort B, without unexpected safety signals. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusions: BBI608 with P showed encouraging anti-tumor activity with acceptable toxicity for non-MSI-H mCRC pts as well as MSI-H mCRC pts. Impact of CMS on the efficacies of this combination warrants further investigation in the additional cohort of this study. Clinical trial information: NCT02851004.
Nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab as first-line therapy in microsatellite instability-high/DNA mismatch repair deficient metastatic colorectal cancer: Clinical update.
Authors: Lenz Heinz-Josef , Lonardi Sara , Zagonel Vittorina , Van Cutsem Eric , Limon M. Luisa , Wong Ka Yeung Mark , Hendlisz Alain , Aglietta Massimo , Garcia-Alfonso Pilar , Neyns Bart , Spallanzani Andrea , Cardin Dana Backlund , Dragovich Tomislav , Shah Usman , Atasoy Ajlan , Ledeine Jean-Marie , Overman Michael J. 
Published: February 2020

11 Background: In the phase 2 CheckMate 142 trial, nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab provided robust and durable clinical benefit and was well tolerated as first-line therapy for microsatellite instability-high/DNA mismatch repair deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) (Lenz et al. Ann Oncol 2018;29:LBA18). Longer follow-up data will be presented. Methods: Patients with MSI-H/dMMR mCRC and no prior treatment for metastatic disease received nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks plus low-dose ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks until disease progression or discontinuation. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR). Results: For all 45 patients (median follow-up was 13.8 months), ORR was 60% (95% CI 44.3–74.3). Responses were consistent with the overall population across subgroups including age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, prior adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy, and mutation status (Table). Seven patients (16%) had grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events; 3 (7%) had any grade treatment-related adverse events leading to discontinuation. Updated response, survival, and safety data after a longer follow-up (median 19.9 months) will be presented. Conclusions: Nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab demonstrated robust and durable clinical benefit and was well tolerated. Evaluated subgroups had responses consistent with the overall population. Nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab may represent a new first-line treatment option for patients with MSI-H/dMMR mCRC. Clinical trial information: NCT02060188. [Table: see text]
A phase Ib/II study of the anti-CD47 antibody magrolimab with cetuximab in solid tumor and colorectal cancer patients.
Authors: Fisher George A. , Lakhani Nehal J. , Eng Cathy , Hecht J. Randolph , Bendell Johanna C. , Philip Philip Agop , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Johnson Benny , Kardosh Adel , Ippolito Tina M , Wang Yan V. , Agoram Balaji , Volkmer Jens-Peter , Maute Roy , Chico Isagani , Chao Mark , Takimoto Chris H.M. , Patnaik Amita 
Published: February 2020

114 Background: Magrolimab (M, Hu5F9-G4) is an antibody targeting CD47, a macrophage “don’t eat me” signal that demonstrates preclinical synergy with cetuximab (C) in refractory KRAS wild type (KRASwt) and KRAS mutant (KRASm) colorectal (CRC) tumors. Methods: Phase (Ph) 1 doses of M+C were escalated in solid tumor patients (pts) and Ph 2 efficacy was explored in previously treated KRASwt and KRASm CRC patients. Day 1 priming with 1 mg/kg of M was used to mitigate on-target anemia followed by maintenance doses ranging from 10 to 45 mg/kg in combination with C. Ph 2 pts were treated with 30 or 45 mg/kg of M and 400/250 mg/m2 of C. Results: In 78 treated pts (32 Ph 1 and 46 Ph 2), the median age was 59 years (range 19-82), and median prior therapies was 5 (range 1-14). No maximum tolerated dose was reached. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any Grade (G) included dermatitis acneiform 36%, dry skin 33%, fatigue 32%, infusion reactions 31%, headache 30%, diarrhea 23%, nausea 23%, chills 23%, and anemia 22%. There were no fatal TRAEs and 3/78 (4%) discontinued M treatment due to any adverse events. In the combined Ph 1+2 study, 2 of 30 evaluable KRASwt CRC pts had confirmed PRs for 7.0 and 12.5 months (mo), for a 6.7% objective response rate (ORR). Both had prior C treatment. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) was 3.6 mo (95%CI 1.8-5.4) and 10.1 mo (95%CI: 6.9-14.4), respectively. In 40 evaluable KRASm pts, there were no responses but 45% had stable disease (SD) and the mPFS and mOS were 1.9 mo (95%CI: 1.8-3.5) and 10.4 mo (95%CI: 5.7-16.4), respectively. In 28 KRASm pts who were TAS102/regorafenib naïve, preliminary mOS was 12.4 mo (95%CI: 5.9-not reached) which is longer than that reported for historical controls. Tumor biopsies showed treatment-related increases in macrophage immune cell infiltrates in SD pts, and baseline T cell infiltration was associated with longer OS. Pharmacokinetic profiles will be presented. Conclusions: M+C is a novel, well-tolerated combination immunotherapeutic treatment regimen. Responses were observed in two previously treated CRC pts and survival is encouraging in KRASm pts. Funded by Forty Seven and California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. Clinical trial information: NCT02953782.
Optimizing FOLFIRINOX tolerability in patients with colorectal cancer through dosing irinotecan in the morning for men and in the afternoon for women.
Authors: Levi Francis , Ballesta Annabelle , Karaboué Abdoulaye , Huang Qi , Focan C. N. J. , Chollet Philippe , Bouchahda Mohamed , Adam Rene , Garufi Carlo , Innominato Pasquale 
Published: February 2020

120 Background: Irinotecan (IRI) toxicity was worse in female (F) than in male (M) patients (pts) on FOLFIRI for metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC). This finding could reflect different optimal administration timing of IRI in M and F pts along the 24 hours. IRI pharmacology is regulated by the circadian clock, and its least toxic daily time (LTT) occurred ~6 hours later in F as compared to M mice. The relevance of sex for the LTT of IRI is addressed here using data from an international randomized trial, whose primary endpoint was not met for all the 193 pts with MCC (EORTC 05011). Methods: 130 M and 63 F were randomized to receive chronomodulated IRI (180 mg/m2 over 6-h, with peak delivery in the morning (at 5:00 or 9:00), in the afternoon (at 13:00 or 17:00) or at night (at 21:00 or 01:00) on day (d) 1, followed by fixed-time chronomodulated oxaliplatin-5-fluorouracil-leucovorin for 4 d. Triplet combination was given q3 weeks as 1st or 2nd line, without prophylactic G-CSF. The relevance of IRI timing for main toxicities was determined separately in M and F, using Cosinor and Fisher Exact tests. Results: Baseline characteristics of M or F pts did not differ significantly according to IRI timing group. Main worse grade 3-4 toxicities per pt after 6 courses were diarrhea (M, 40.2%; F, 51.9%) neutropenia (M, 12.6%; F, 18.4%), fatigue (M, 13.4%; F, 17.3%) and anorexia (M, 8.2%; F, 9.6%). These toxicities were reduced following IRI delivery in the morning for M, but in the afternoon for F, with statistically significant rhythms (p < 0.05 from cosinor) and sex*timing interactions (Fischer Exact, diarrhea, p = 0.023; neutropenia, p = 0.015; fatigue, p = 0.062; anorexia, p = 0.032). IRI timing was most critical for F, with Grade 3-4 toxicities ranging from 55.2% of the pts (morning) to 29.4% (afternoon) for diarrhea, and from 25.9% (morning) to 0% (afternoon) for neutropenia. IRI timing did not significantly influence efficacy. Conclusions: The present study results supports the administration of irinotecan in the morning for M and in the afternoon for F in order to minimize adverse events of triplet chemotherapy without impairing efficacy. Prospective trials testing sex specific timing issues are warranted. Clinical trial information: 05011.
Negative impact of cachexia during chemotherapy on survival as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.
Authors: Nozawa Kazuki , Masuishi Toshiki , Kumanishi Ryosuke , Nakazawa Taiko , Ogata Takatsugu , Matsubara Yuki , Kato Kyoko , Narita Yukiya , Honda Kazunori , Bando Hideaki , Kadowaki Shigenori , Andoh Masashi , Tajika Masahiro , Muro Kei ,   Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital
Published: February 2020

126 Background: Sarcopenia and muscle loss during chemotherapy (Cx) have a poor prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). It is unclear whether cachexia during Cx has a survival impact. Methods: mCRC patients (pts) receiving first-line Cx at a single institution between Jan 2010 and Jun 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Pts receiving doublet Cx with bevacizumab or anti-EGFR agents, ECOG Performance Status (PS) 0–2, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) before and after initiating first-line Cx at least once were included and classified pts into those with (cachexia group) or without (non-cachexia group) cachexia. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated from the CT cross-section area at L3 divided by the length squared. Muscle loss was defined as a < 5% reduction in the SMI. The association between muscle loss and cachexia during Cx, time to treatment failure (TTF) and overall survival (OS) was determined by univariate and multivariate analysis including muscle loss, primary tumor location, ECOG PS, number of metastatic sites, ALP, WBC, LDH, KRAS status, and BRAF status as independent variables. Results: Of 562 included pts, 185 were eligible and 69 (37%) experienced cachexia. Differences in all patient characteristics such as muscle loss, ECOG PS 2, KRAS mutant, and BRAF mutant (28%, 8%, 32%, and 10% with cachexia group and 27%, 3%, 32%, and 8% with non-cachexia group) were not significant. Median follow-up was 26.8 months. Muscle loss was not associated with TTF (13.3 vs. 15.5 months, HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.76–1.45, p = 0.76). OS was shorter (24.4 vs. 29.9 months, HR = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.86–1.76, p = 0.25), but the difference was not significant in univariate and multivariate analysis. However, cachexia group presented significantly shorter TTF [median TTF 11.9 vs. 16.9 m; HR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.12-2.07, p < 0.01; adjusted HR (aHR) 1.53, 95% CI: 1.12-2.11, p < 0.01] and shorter OS (median OS 21.4 vs. 34.1 m; HR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.29-2.55, p < 0.01; aHR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.38-2.81, p < 0.01) than non-cachexia group. Conclusions: Cachexia during Cx may have a negative impact on survival in pts with mCRC.