bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk score for failed trial of vaginal birth after a previous cesarean section including data of labor course
Authors: Machado Junior Luis C. , Famá Eduardo A. B. , Zamboni Jorge W. , Awada Pedro F. , Araújo Talitha A. , Nascimento‐Ferreira Marcus V. , de Carvalho Heráclito B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThere is much discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). Some data suggest the greater the likelihood of success, the lower the risks of TOLAC. Our goal was to identify clinical and demographic variables associated with a failed TOLAC, available at admission for spontaneous labor and until 3 h later, with the aim of building two scores for risk of failed TOLAC.MethodsThis is a nested case–control study with live births to women with one previous cesarean, in a public Brazilian teaching hospital. Preterm, induction, noncephalic presentations, twins, fetal malformations were excluded. Cases were failed TOLAC, and controls, the successful TOLAC. It was accessed the association of the cases with 20 variables (P < 0.05). Associated variables were tested in multivariate analysis to build the scores, which were internally validated.ResultsWe included 260 TOLAC, 42 cases and 218 controls. We found 11 variables associated with failed TOLAC. In the score to be applied at admission, we included hypertension, fundal height, previous vaginal birth and dilatation at admission. In the second score hypertension, fundal height at admission, membrane status and difference in dilatation 3 h after admission. Both scores presented good performance in the receiver‐operator curve (areas under curve: 0.73 and 0.84, respectively). Both scores were translated into nomograms for clinical use.ConclusionTwo scores were built for risk of failed TOLAC, to be applied at admission and 3 h later. We believe that choosing the more favorable cases makes risks of TOLAC lower.
The effect of botulinum toxin injections on bruxism: A systematic review
Authors: Ågren Martin , Sahin Christofer , Pettersson Mattias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo systematize evidence on the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) in the treatment of bruxism measured through bite force or electromyography (EMG) at the masseter muscle.MethodIdentification of relevant articles through databases PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Ovid and EBSCO and manual search were performed for sources from review articles. Studies scoring less than 3 on the Jadad Scale were excluded.ResultsFour articles were included after an exclusion of 333 articles. 3 articles measured EMG and 1 bite force. 1 article did not record a significant drop of activity, 1 article recorded reduction midway and at final endpoint. 2 articles recorded initial reduction, but a non significant difference at later follow up.ConclusionThe available research is inconclusive and does not show enough evidence that bruxism can be treated with BTA injections. However, promising results have been shown in individual studies and further research in this area is needed.
Effects of withering on the main physical properties of withered tea leaves and the sensory quality of congou black tea
Authors: Ye Yulong , Dong Chunwang , Luo Fan , Cui Jilai , Liao Xueli , Lu Anxia , Yan Jingna , Mao Shihong , Li Meifeng , Fang Chunyan , Tong Huarong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo explore the relationship between the moisture content of withered tea leaves and their physical properties (i.e., elasticity, plasticity, flexibility, and texture) during withering, texture analyzer was employed to test the elasticity and flexibility of withered tea leaves with different moisture contents. The texture was evaluated by computer vision technology. The withered tea leaves with different moisture contents were used to process congou black tea, which was then subjected to sensory evaluation. Results showed that good elasticity, optimal flexibility, and plasticity were achieved when the moisture content of the withered tea leaves of Fudingdabai comprising two leaves and one bud varied arranging from 65.51 to 61.48%. The sensory evaluation of congou black tea revealed that moderate withering was better than long‐term withering and that both moderate and long‐term withering were better than no withering during processing. The moisture content was significantly correlated with the flexibility and plasticity of the withered tea leaves. Fresh tea leaves undergoing moderate withering with moisture content of 65.51–61.48% to process congou black tea, good tea shape and liquor color were achieved. This study provided new evidence that the moisture content of withered tea leaves significantly affected the quality of black tea.
Food additives: Assessing the impact of exposure to permitted emulsifiers on bowel and metabolic health – introducing the FADiets study
Authors: Partridge D. , Lloyd K. A. , Rhodes J. M. , Walker A. W. , Johnstone A. M. , Campbell B. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEmulsifiers are common components of processed foods consumed as part of a Western diet. Emerging in vitro cell‐line culture, mouse model and human intestinal tissue explant studies have all suggested that very low concentrations of the food emulsifier polysorbate 80 may cause bacterial translocation across the intestinal epithelium, intestinal inflammation and metabolic syndrome. This raises the possibility that dietary emulsifiers might be factors in conditions such as coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes and Crohn's disease. The potential mechanism behind the observed effects of this emulsifier is uncertain but may be mediated via changes in the gut microbiota or by increased bacterial translocation, or both. It is also unknown whether these effects are generalisable across all emulsifiers and detergents, including perhaps the natural emulsifier lecithin or even conjugated bile acids, particularly if the latter escape reabsorption and pass through to the distal ileum or colon. A major objective of the Medical Research Council (MRC)‐funded Mechanistic Nutrition in Health (MECNUT) Emulsifier project is therefore to investigate the underlying mechanisms and effects of a range of synthetic and natural emulsifiers and detergents in vitro and in vivo, and to determine the effects of a commonly consumed emulsifier (soya lecithin) on gut and metabolic health through a controlled dietary intervention study in healthy human volunteers – the FADiets study. This report provides an overview of the relevant literature, discussing the impact of emulsifiers and other additives on intestinal and metabolic health, and gives an overview of the studies being undertaken as part of the MECNUT Emulsifier project.
Socio‐economic inequalities in childhood obesity: Can community level interventions help to reduce the gap?
Authors: Lockyer S. , Spiro A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA link between higher rates of childhood obesity and deprivation has been noted in the UK, as well as several other European countries and the US. The drivers of obesity are complex and multi‐factorial, but socially and economically disadvantaged groups may be more vulnerable to many of these. Evidence that rates of obesity are rising faster in low‐income population groups, resulting in widening inequalities indicates that prevention policies must take account of socio‐economic factors. It has been suggested that community‐wide approaches placing less emphasis on individual responsibility or ‘agency’ (i.e. have less emphasis on aspects that require cognitive, psychological and material resources and time) can be more effective and equitable. This paper outlines examples of community approaches that may have contributed to the reported reductions in childhood obesity in some areas, particularly amongst deprived groups including Health, Exercise and Nutrition in the Really Young in Leeds, UK; Ensemble Prévenons l'Obésité Des Enfants and Amsterdam’s citywide Healthy Weight Programme. The policies enacted that improved the nutrition environment and increased opportunities for physical activity in four US sites (the Childhood Obesity Declines project) are also considered. It is clear that there is no silver bullet for tackling childhood obesity. A whole systems approach that takes into account more holistically the reasons why healthy diet and lifestyles may be less available to families on low incomes is needed.
Drug‐seeking: A literature review (and an exemplar of stigmatization in nursing)
Authors: Copeland Darcy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite its lack of conceptual clarity and uniform definition, the term drug‐seeking is used frequently by nurses from a variety of practice environments. The drugs patients are referred to as seeking are often pain medications. This is important because nursing has widely adopted a patient‐centric definition of pain. Nursing also has a robust ethical code that places high value on human dignity and nurses’ role in patient advocacy. A review of literature was conducted with the aims of describing whether/how the term drug‐seeking has changed over time and to determine whether the use of the term in nursing literature is consistent with nursing values. Use of the term has shifted from objective counts of patient requests for medication to a confusing mixture of observable patient behavior and subjective interpretations of patient motivation. Its use is not consistent with nursing values. It is, in fact, a good illustration of stigmatization in nursing. Stigmatization is contrary to nursing values. Nurses in practice, research, education, authors, reviewers, and editors all have a role in ending this stigmatization.
Being a spectator in ambiguity—Family members’ perceptions of assisted bodily care in a nursing home
Authors: Holmberg Bodil , Hellström Ingrid , Österlind Jane 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore family members’ perceptions of assisted bodily care in a nursing home.BackgroundMany older people living in nursing homes need assisted bodily care, provided by assistant nurses. This means exposedness, as the assistance is often provided under stress, but also brings pleasure. Family members, who may wish to and often benefit from continuing to provide assisted bodily care, are perceived as visitors and are expected to relinquish the assisted bodily care to the assistant nurses.DesignThis study has a qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach.MethodsData were collected through semi‐structured interviews (n = 13) with family members of older people who were aged > 80, permanently living in a nursing home, suffering from multimorbidity, and in daily need of assisted bodily care. The data were analysed using a phenomenographic method.ResultsThree categories of description presenting an increasing complexity were identified. The family members perceived that assisted bodily care is built upon a respect for the older person's self‐determination, practically supported by assistant nurses, and complemented by family members.ConclusionsIn the family members’ perceptions, assisted bodily care signifies ambiguity, as they find themselves balancing between the older persons’ need for self‐determination and need for help, and, further, between their trust in the assistant nurses’ skills and their own perceived inadequacies in intimate assisted bodily care.Implications for practicePolicies that address the family members’ role in nursing homes are needed. Furthermore, time for collaboration is needed for assistant nurses to inform and explain care decisions, become aware of the family members’ perceptions of their situation and learn from them.
Seminal roots of wild and cultivated barley differentially respond to osmotic stress in gene expression, suberization, and hydraulic conductivity
Authors: Kreszies Tino , Eggels Stella , Kreszies Victoria , Osthoff Alina , Shellakkutti Nandhini , Baldauf Jutta A. , Zeisler‐Diehl Viktoria V. , Hochholdinger Frank , Ranathunge Kosala , Schreiber Lukas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWild barley,Hordeum vulgarespp.spontaneum, has a wider genetic diversity than its cultivated progeny,Hordeum vulgarespp. vulgare. Osmotic stress leads to a series of different responses in wild barley seminal roots, ranging from no changes in suberization to enhanced endodermal suberization of certain zones and the formation of a suberized exodermis, which was not observed in the modern cultivars studied so far. Further, as a response to osmotic stress, the hydraulic conductivity of roots was not affected in wild barley, but it was 2.5‐fold reduced in cultivated barley. In both subspecies, osmotic adjustment by increasing proline concentration and decreasing osmotic potential in roots was observed. RNA‐sequencing indicated that the regulation of suberin biosynthesis and water transport via aquaporins were different between wild and cultivated barley. These results indicate that wild barley uses different strategies to cope with osmotic stress compared with cultivated barley. Thus, it seems that wild barley is better adapted to cope with osmotic stress by maintaining a significantly higher hydraulic conductivity of roots during water deficit.
Visible light‐Driven AgBr/AgCl@MIL‐101(Fe) Composites For Removal of Organic Contaminant From Wastewater
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Phuc , Kim Tae Ho , Lee Soo Wohn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicrowave‐solvothermal synthesized MIL‐101(Fe) was successfully loaded by silver halides (AgCl and AgBr) by simple precipitation method. The XRD, FESEM mapping, XPS and DRS measurements reveal the successful fabrication of composite photocatalyst. The results suggested that silver halides altered surface charge, surface area and pore size distribution of MIL‐101(Fe). The 20%AgBr@MIL‐101(Fe) composite has strong tendency to remove the cationic/anionic dyes (96% of rhodamine B, 100% of malachite green and 92% of methyl orange) from wastewater after 30 min of adsorption and 90 min under visible light irradiation. The composite photocatalyst revealed the photodegradation stability up to four cycles. The formation of mesopores improves the adsorption ability of the composites for large organic molecules, while loaded silver halides might inhibit the recombination of electron‐hole pairs; those were responsible for enhancing the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. ESR suggested , were responsible for dye degradation in visible light by composite photocatalysts. The photocatalytic mechanism of the composite was also explained in this work.
Head magnetomyography (hMMG): A novel approach to monitor face and whole head muscular activity
Authors: Barchiesi Guido , Demarchi Gianpaolo , Wilhelm Frank H. , Hauswald Anne , Sanchez Gaëtan , Weisz Nathan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMuscular activity recording is of high basic science and clinical relevance and is typically achieved using electromyography (EMG). While providing detailed information about the state of a specific muscle, this technique has limitations such as the need for a priori assumptions about electrode placement and difficulty with recording muscular activity patterns from extended body areas at once. For head and face muscle activity, the present work aimed to overcome these restrictions by exploiting magnetoencephalography (MEG) as a whole head myographic recorder (head magnetomyography, hMMG). This is in contrast to common MEG studies, which treat muscular activity as artifact in electromagnetic brain activity. In a first proof‐of‐concept step, participants imitated emotional facial expressions performed by a model. Exploiting source projection algorithms, we were able to reconstruct muscular activity, showing spatial activation patterns in accord with the hypothesized muscular contractions. Going one step further, participants passively observed affective pictures with negative, neutral, or positive valence. Applying multivariate pattern analysis to the reconstructed hMMG signal, we were able to decode above chance the valence category of the presented pictures. Underlining the potential of hMMG, a searchlight analysis revealed that generally neglected neck muscles exhibit information on stimulus valence. Results confirm the utility of hMMG as a whole head electromyographic recorder to quantify muscular activation patterns including muscular regions that are typically not recorded with EMG. This key advantage beyond conventional EMG has substantial scientific and clinical potential.
A discriminatory diagram of massive versus stratified deposits based on the sedimentation and bedload transportation rates. Experimental investigation and application to pyroclastic density currents
Authors: Dellino Pierfrancesco , Dioguardi Fabio , Doronzo Domenico Maria , Mele Daniela 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDense gas‐particle jets similar to collapsing eruption columns were generated by large‐scale experiments. The column collapse resulted in a ground‐hugging current forming stratified layers with bedding similar to natural pyroclastic density current deposits. At the impact of the collapsing column on the ground, a thick, massive bed was formed due to a high sedimentation rate that dumped turbulence due to high clast concentration. Down‐current, flow expansion favoured turbulence and dilute gas‐particle current that formed thin rippled layers deposited under traction. Experiments fed with fine ash (median size 0·066 mm) formed deposits without tractional structures, because fine particles, as other sedimentary fine material, is cohesive and exposes a limited surface to the shear stress. Experimental outcomes show that massive beds are formed where the sedimentation rate per unit width Srw exceeds the bedload transportation rate Qb by two orders of magnitude. A lower ratio generates traction at the base of the flow and formation of shear structures that increase in wavelength and height with a decreasing flux. This study presents a diagram that provides a useful addition for facies analysis of pyroclastic density currents, provided that deposits representing sustained sedimentation can be identified in the field. In the diagram a decrease in the Srw/Qb ratio corresponds to an increase in bedform size. Application of the diagram for hazard assessment purposes allows the reconstruction of the mass eruption rate of the Agnano–Monte Spina eruption at Campi Flegrei, which is the main variable defining the intensity of past eruptions, and of the Bingham rheology of the massive underflow of the Mercato pyroclastic density current at Vesuvius.
Learning to LEADER. Ritualised Performances of ‘Participation’ in Local Arenas of Participatory Rural Governance
Authors: Müller Oliver , Sutter Ove , Wohlgemuth Sina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe active involvement of local residents in development projects has become a keystone in current rural governance arrangements in the European Union. The latter’s rural development programme LEADER is an example of this, as it requests local residents to take action in the development process. Yet, despite the strong emphasis on ‘participation’ in policy texts and rhetoric, there is only a formalistic definition of what ‘participation’ as involvement and activation of local residents actually means and how it should be put into practice. Drawing on data gathered during ethnographic fieldwork in two LEADER regions and the insights of practice and performance theory, this article argues that because of this indeterminacy, ‘participation’ as a social practice must first be realised and defined in a performative way, i.e., it must be practiced, negotiated and legitimised in specific physical‐spatial settings. These settings serve as local arenas of participatory rural governance in which local residents are activated and involved in the implementation of LEADER projects. Assuming certain roles and carrying out specific activities related to material artefacts, they negotiate the meaning of ‘participation’ as a social practice.
Decellularization combined with enzymatic removal of N‐linked glycans and residual DNA reduces inflammatory response and improves performance of porcine xenogeneic pulmonary heart valves in an ovine in vivo model
Authors: Ramm Robert , Goecke Tobias , Theodoridis Karolina , Hoeffler Klaus , Sarikouch Samir , Findeisen Katja , Ciubotaru Anatol , Cebotari Serghei , Tudorache Igor , Haverich Axel , Hilfiker Andres 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLimited availability of decellularized allogeneic heart valve substitutes restricts the clinical application thereof. Decellularized xenogeneic valves might constitute an attractive alternative; however, increased immunological hurdles have to be overcome. This study aims for the in vivo effect in sheep of decellularized porcine pulmonary heart valves (dpPHV) enzymatically treated for N‐glycan and DNA removal.MethodsdpPHV generated by nine different decelluarization methods were characterized in respect of DNA, hydroxyproline, GAGs, and SDS content. Orthotopic implantation in sheep for six months of five groups of dpPHV (n = 3 each; 3 different decellularization protocols w/o PNGase F and DNase I treatment) allowed the analysis of function and immunological reaction in the ovine host. Allogenic doPHV implantations (n = 3) from a previous study served as control.ResultsAmong the decellularization procedures, Triton X‐100 & SDS as well as trypsin & Triton X‐100 resulted in highly efficient removal of cellular components, while the extracellular matrix remained intact. In vivo, the functional performance of dpPHV was comparable to that of allogeneic controls. Removal of N‐linked glycans and DNA by enzymatic PNGase F and DNase I treatment had positive effects on the clinical performance of Triton X‐100 & SDS dpPHV, whereas this treatment of trypsin & Triton X‐100 dpPHV induced the lowest degree of inflammation of all tested xenogeneic implants.ConclusionFunctional xenogeneic heart valve substitutes with a low immunologic load can be produced by decellularization combined with enzymatic removal of DNA and partial deglycosylation of dpPHV.