bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug development for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sanders Don B. , Chmiel James F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe first regulatory approval for a drug developed specifically for cystic fibrosis (CF) occurred in 1993, and since then, several other drugs have been approved. Median predicted survival in people with CF in the United States has increased from approximately 30 years to 44.4 years over that same period. Highly effective modulators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator became available to approximately 90% of people with CF ages 12 years and older in the United States in 2019 and in Europe in 2020. These transformative therapies will surely reduce morbidity and further extend longevity. The drug development pipeline is filled with therapies that address most aspects of CF disease. As survival and CF therapies advance, and the complexity of CF care increases, the process of drug development has become more sophisticated. In addition, detecting meaningful changes in outcome measures has become more difficult as the health status of people with CF improves. Innovative approaches are required to continue to advance drug development in CF. This review provides a general overview of drug development from the preclinical phase through Phase IV. Special considerations with respect to CF are integrated into the discussion of each phase of drug development. As CF care evolves, drug development must continue to evolve as well, until a one‐time cure is available to all people with CF.
UiO‐66/GO Composites with Improved Electrochemical Properties for Effective Detection of Phosphite(P(III)) in Phosphate(P(V)) Buffer Solutions
Authors: Yang Ying , Wu Wangui , Wang Ziyan , Huang Limei , Ma Xiuling , Zhang Zhangjing , Xiang Shengchang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMeasurement of phosphorus is of great significance because it is a key element responsible for eutrophication in water environment. More efforts have been devoted to sensor‐based detection of phosphate (P(V)), while few reports on that of phosphite (P(III)) are available due to the interferences from phosphate and/or other species. Here we synthesized UiO‐66/graphene oxide (GO) composites and first observed that the cooperative utilization of UiO‐66 and GO may provide a promising strategy to improve the electrochemical performances of MOF hybrid materials for effective detection of phosphite (P(III)) in phosphate (P(V)) buffer solutions (PBS). The current value of the oxidation peak is proportional to the phosphite concentration over the range of 10 μmol L−1 ‐ 500 μmol L−1, and the limit of detection is 0.33 μmol L−1 (S/N=3) with the lowest value among the reported works.
Preparation of High Stability Graphene Oxide/Zinc Oxide Composite Membrane via Vacuum Filtration for Separation of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Huang Qinya , Wang Qiaoe , Li Jun , Liu Zhanchao , Liu Yan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present work, an excellent stable low graphene oxide/zinc oxide (LGO‐ZnO) composite membrane based on LGO nanosheets and ZnO nanonods has been successfully synthesized by vacuum filtration. The resultant graphene oxide nanosheet with a low degree of oxidation (LGO) was successfully prepared with the C/O ratio of 4.8 after stripped and oxidized. Importantly, the characterization results also demonstrated that ZnO nanorods were successfully intercalated into adjacent LGO nanosheets, rendering enlarged mass transfer channels, elevating hydration capacity and creating hierarchical nanostructures of membrane surfaces. Meanwhile, the stability of LGO‐ZnO composite membrane was enhanced obviously due to intercalation of ZnO nanorods, which was much more stable than that of LGO in aqueous solution. And it also exhibited outstanding permeation and separation performance for the water and various dyes solution system (with different concentration, volume or dye species), respectively. Accordingly, the permeate fluxes exhibited a drastic increase from 73 L/m2/h for LGO membrane to 1313 L/m2/h for LGO‐ZnO membrane. All the above results suggested that LGO‐ZnO membrane with high stability, high water permeability and favorable separation efficiency could be used as the great prospects membrane materials in separation of dyes from aqueous solution.
A Novel Polyaniline Nanowire Arrays/Three‐Dimensional Graphene Composite for Supercapacitor
Authors: Gao Xin , Zhang Hengwei , Yue Hongyan , Yao Fei , Zhang Xiaohua , Guo Erjun , Ma Yingyi , Wang Zengze , Wang Yuanbo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is an effective way to obtain high performance supercapacitors by increasing the surface area and conductivity of electrode materials. In this paper, three‐dimensional (3D) graphene with a small pore size, good electrical conductivity and high mechanical strength is fabricated by chemical vapor deposition using nickel nanoparticles as the template. Then, a polyaniline nanowire arrays (PANI NWAs)/3D graphene composite is fabricated by in‐situ polymerization. Due to the high conductivity and unique nano‐structure, the as‐prepared PANI NWAs/3D graphene composite exhibits an excellent capacitance of 680 F g−1 at current density of 1 A g−1. Moreover, a symmetric supercapacitor based on the PANI NWAs/3D graphene composite is assembled, and it shows an energy density of 6.43 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.4 kW kg−1. The assembled supercapacitor also exhibits a good cycling stability, which retains 78 % of its initial specific capacitance after 1000 cycles.
Organo‐Cascade Catalysis: Application of Merged Iminium‐Enamine Activation Technique and Related Cascade Reactivities
Authors: Mukherjee Shirshendu , Biswas Bhaskar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIminium‐enamine catalyzed chemical reactions provide a blueprint to carry out diverse organocatalyzed cascade reactions with high selectivity and efficiency and therefore, this class of reactions holds a great promise to offer important synthetic strategies to deliver valuable and useful natural products as well as biologically potent compounds with immense significance. The applications of enamine‐iminium (EN‐IM) catalysis in organocatalytic cascade reactions become a very useful strategy in organic synthesis. This review article aims to focus on an important overview about different strategies employed in the production of value added organic products. An effort has also been made to demonstrate the applications of merged Iminium‐enamine activation techniques in proceeding organo‐cascade reactions to illuminate the advantage of atom economy and step economy in the chemical reactions.
Potentially morally injurious events and depression symptoms among a trauma‐exposed sample: Examining the roles of interpersonal needs and emotion dysregulation
Authors: Ray Travis N. , Hunsanger Jillian A. , Nagy Samantha M. , Pickett Scott M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current study examined a conceptual model of the association between potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and depression symptoms. It was hypothesized that interpersonal needs (i.e., perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness) would independently mediate the relationship between PMIEs and depression symptoms, while emotion dysregulation would moderate the associations. Individuals who experienced a traumatic event and were residing in the United States (N = 147) completed a cross‐sectional questionnaire containing measures of PMIEs, interpersonal needs, emotion dysregulation and depression symptoms. Results indicated that the indirect effect through perceived burdensomeness was significant at high levels of emotion dysregulation, whereas the indirect effect through thwarted belongingness was non‐significant. Additionally, emotion dysregulation moderated each pathway, with the exception of the direct effects from PMIEs to depression symptoms. The proposed model may be informative for researchers and clinicians interested in the association between PMIEs and depression symptoms. The results may encourage the use of emotion regulation strategies to assist patients suffering from depression symptoms, especially when exposure to a PMIE has occurred.
Redox‐Responsive Nanobiomaterials‐Based Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Eleftheriadou Despoina , Kesidou Despoina , Moura Francisco , Felli Eric , Song Wenhui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRedox regulation has recently been proposed as a critical intracellular mechanism affecting cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Redox homeostasis has also been implicated in a variety of degenerative neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. In fact, it is hypothesized that markers of oxidative stress precede pathologic lesions in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Several therapeutic approaches have been suggested so far to improve the endogenous defense against oxidative stress and its harmful effects. Among such approaches, the use of artificial antioxidant systems has gained increased popularity as an effective strategy. Nanoscale drug delivery systems loaded with enzymes, bioinspired catalytic nanoparticles and other nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates. The development of degradable hydrogels scaffolds with antioxidant effects could also enable scientists to positively influence cell fate. This current review summarizes nanobiomaterial‐based approaches for redox regulation and their potential applications as central nervous system neurodegenerative disease treatments.
Feature location enhancement based on source code augmentation with synonyms of terms
Authors: Saifan Ahmad A. , Obeidat Lana 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn software maintenance the developers may add new feature to program, improve existing function, and remove bugs. In this case the developer should identify the location in the source code that corresponds to a specific functionality; this is known as feature location. This presents a new approach for enhancing the process of feature location using Information Retrieval (IR) and Natural Language Processing. The approach presented augments the source code with additional semantic information that was extracted and derived from the synonyms of source code terms. This approach works in a pipeline structure, starting by augmenting the source code corpus with synonyms of the original terms and ending by inferring the source code with a particular user query. More specifically, the WordNet platform is used for extracting the synonyms of terms. Moreover, the approach uses an advanced IR technique, namely the Latent Semantic Indexing, for searching and inferring the source code. The used approach was tested and evaluated on two open source systems, namely the Qt and Hippodraw. Four experiments were conducted on each system using 21 features and the results showed that enriching the source code with synonyms of terms clearly and significantly improved the process of feature location efficiently. The experimental results showed that the approach presented obtained higher levels of Recall and Precision. For that reason, it has been shown to improve the state‐of‐the‐art techniques for feature location process.
Effective automated repair of internationalization presentation failures in web applications using style similarity clustering and search‐based techniques
Authors: Mahajan Sonal , Alameer Abdulmajeed , McMinn Phil , Halfond William G. J. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryCompanies often employ (i18n) frameworks to provide translated text and localized media content on their websites in order to effectively communicate with a global audience. However, the varying lengths of text from different languages can cause undesired distortions in the layout of a web page. Such distortions, called Internationalization Presentation Failures (IPFs), can negatively affect the aesthetics or usability of the website. Most of the existing automated techniques developed for assisting repair of IPFs either produce fixes that are likely to significantly reduce the legibility and attractiveness of the pages or are limited to only detecting IPFs, with the actual repair itself remaining a labour intensive manual task. To address this problem, we propose a search‐based technique for automatically repairing IPFs in web applications, while ensuring a legible and attractive page. The empirical evaluation of our approach reported that our approach was able to successfully resolve 94% of the detected IPFs for 46 real‐world web pages. In a user study, participants rated the visual quality of our fixes significantly higher than the unfixed versions and also considered the repairs generated by our approach to be notably more legible and visually appealing than the repairs generated by existing techniques.
Enhancing gelation properties of dioctyl phthalate using urethane and urea‐based gelators to improve mechanical properties of polyvinylchloride
Authors: Li Xuejing , Wang Shaoyu , Wan Tong , Zhang Huan , Li Shuo , Yan Wenzhe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study provides a new approach to promote the mechanical properties of polyvinylchloride/dioctyl phthalate (PVC/DOP) via gelators. It presented the effect of newly synthesized urethane and urea‐based gelators on the plasticizer DOP, and then prepared for PVC. 4,4′‐Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) was reacted with lauryl alcohol (LA), stearyl alcohol (SA), and octadecylamine (OL) to prepare LML, SMS, and SMO, respectively. These gelators were self‐assembled in the common plasticizer DOP to form gels, and then PVC was blended with these gels. SMO exhibited the lowest critical gelator concentration (CGC) in DOP. FEEM observation of xerogels exhibited micro platelet morphology with various sizes. Rheological evaluation revealed that DOPgel enhanced the gelating ability of PVC. Mechanical measurement showed that gelators improved the tensile properties of PVC in the sequence of LML > SMS > SMO. Tensile modulus and the tensile strength of PVC/DOP increased by 74.6% (from 14.6 to 25.5 MPa) and 19.8% (from 13.1 to 15.7 MPa) only by adding 3% LML. These new urethane and urea‐based gelators improved the mechanical strength of PVC without reducing its toughness.
Genome editing in the yeast Nakaseomyces delphensis and description of its complete sexual cycle
Authors: Zhou Li Youfang , Boisnard Stéphanie , Enache‐Angoulvant Adela , Fairhead Cécile 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe environmental yeast Nakaseomyces delphensis is, phylogenetically, the closest known species to Candida glabrata, a major fungal pathogen of humans. C. glabrata is haploid and described as asexual, while N. delphensis is also haploid, but has been described as competent for mating and meiosis. Both genomes contain homologues of all the genes necessary for sexual reproduction and also the genes for Ho‐dependent mating‐type switching, like Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We first report the construction of genetically engineered strains of N. delphensis, including by CRISPR‐Cas 9 gene editing. We also report the description of the sexual cycle of N. delphensis. We show that it undergoes Ho‐dependent mating‐type switching in culture and that deletion of the HO gene prevents such switching and allows maintenance of stable, separate, MATa and MATalpha haploid strains. Rare, genetically selected diploids can be obtained through mating of haploid strains, mutated or not for the HO gene. In contrast to HO/HO diploids, which behave as expected, Δho/Δho diploids exhibit unusual profiles in flow cytometry. Both types of diploids can produce recombined haploid cells, which grow like the original haploid‐type strain. Our experiments thus allow the genetic manipulation of N. delphensis and the reconstruction, in the laboratory, of its entire life cycle.
Communities in Fukushima and Chernobyl—Enabling and Inhibiting Factors for Recovery in Nuclear Disaster Areas
Authors: Okada Tetsuya , Cholii Serhii , Karácsonyi Dávid , Matsumoto Michimasa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides case studies on disaster recovery in the context of community participation. It presents two cases that explore, compare and contrast the nuclear disasters in Chernobyl and Fukushima. Despite differences in the socio-economic circumstances between the Soviet Union (Soviet–Ukraine) in 1986 and Japan in 2011, the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters provide an opportunity to discuss power relations in disaster management and the role of local communities. These large-scale nuclear disasters are amongst the most traumatic experiences for the disaster-impacted communities worldwide. This chapter discusses the implementation of relocation and resettlement measures with socio-political power relations within and between the stakeholders. The combination of these is shown to significantly affect the everyday lives of those within the communities throughout the recovery process. Along with government documentation, the interviews with evacuees, community leaders and decision-makers conducted between 2012 and 2016 form the basis of the case studies discussed in this chapter.
Migration as a Potential Heat Stress Adaptation Strategy in Australia
Authors: Zander Kerstin K. , Richerzhagen Carmen , Garnett Stephen T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs the climate changes, natural disasters are becoming more frequent and severe. Some disasters are sudden and briefly devastating. Research shows that, in response, many people emigrate temporarily but return when the danger is past. The effect of slow-onset disasters can be equally disruptive but the economic and social impacts can last much longer. In Australia, extreme heat and the rising frequency of heat waves is a slow-onset disaster even if individual periods of hot weather are brief. This chapter investigates the impact of increasing heat stress on the intention of people living in Australia to migrate to cooler places as an adaptation strategy using an online survey of 1344 people. About 73% felt stressed by increasing heat of which 11% expressed an intention to move to cooler places in response. The more affected people had been by the heat, the more likely they were to intend to move. Tasmania was a preferred destination (20% of those intending to move), although many people (38%) were unsure where they would go. As Australia becomes hotter, heat can be expected to play a greater role in people’s mobility decisions. Knowing the source and destination of this flow of internal migrants will be critical to planning and policy-making.
Designing Resilient Cities that Work for Women, Too
Authors: Barnes Jessica L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUrban landscapes can—and do—influence multiple aspects of our lives, including our overall quality of life and disaster resilience. Research has confirmed that some populations experience negative outcomes in disasters at least partially attributed to poorly designed urban environments; and women's and girls’ resilience in particular can be impacted by their experience of the urban landscape. In response, urban designers have an opportunity and an obligation to incorporate gender-sensitive design approaches in all of their projects to ensure the whole community has access to the benefits of urban landscapes. This chapter examines current evidence and strategies for successful urban design that supports resilience in women and the cities they occupy.
Probing the top Yukawa coupling at the LHC via associated production of single top and Higgs
Authors: Barger Vernon , Hagiwara Kaoru , Zheng Ya-Juan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study Higgs boson production associated with single top or anti-top via t-channel weak boson exchange at the LHC. The process is an ideal probe of the top quark Yukawa coupling, because we can measure the relative phase of htt and hWW couplings, thanks to the significant interference between the two amplitudes. By choosing the emitted W momentum along the polar axis in the th ($$ \overline{t}h $$

t
¯

h
) rest frame, we obtain the helicity amplitudes for all the contributing subprocesses analytically, with possible CP phase of the Yukawa coupling. We study the azimuthal asymmetry between the W emission and the Wb ($$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

) → t($$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

) h scattering planes, as well as several t and $$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

polarization asymmetries as a signal of CP violating phase in the htt coupling. Both the azimuthal asymmetry and the polarization perpendicular to the scattering plane are found to have the opposite sign between the top and anti-top events. We identify the origin of the sign of asymmetries, and propose the possibility of direct CP violation test in pp collisions by comparing the top and anti-top polarization at the LHC.
The association between the Revised Cardiac Risk Index and short-term mortality after hip fracture surgery
Authors: Forssten Maximilian Peter , Mohammad Ismail Ahmad , Sjolin Gabriel , Ahl Rebecka , Wretenberg Per , Borg Tomas , Mohseni Shahin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The post-operative mortality after hip fracture surgery is high and has remained largely unchanged during the last decades. The Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) is a tool used to evaluate the 30-day risk of, among other outcomes, post-operative mortality. The aim of this study is to determine the association between the RCRI score and post-operative mortality in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.

Methods
Data was obtained from the national hip fracture register which was cross-referenced with patients’ electronic hospital records. All adults who underwent primary emergency hip fracture surgery in Orebro County, Sweden, between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017, were included. Patients were divided into two cohorts: low RCRI (score = 0–1) and high RCRI (score ≥ 2). A Poisson regression model was employed to investigate the association between a high RCRI score and 30- and 90-day post-operative mortality.

Results
A total of 2443 patients, of whom 446 (18%) had a high RCRI score, were included in the current study. When adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities and type of surgery, the incidence of 30-day mortality increased by 46% in the high RCRI cohort (adj. IRR 1.46, 95% CI, 1.10–1.94, p = 0.010). Similar results were observed for 90-day mortality (adj. IRR 1.50, 95% CI, 1.21–1.84, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The RCRI is applicable to patients that undergo surgery for traumatic hip fractures. A high RCRI score is associated with an increased incidence of both 30- and 90-day post-operative mortality. Future studies to evaluate these findings are needed.