bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Property and Biocompatibility of Polypyrrole Films Treated by Oxygen Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation
Authors: Li Xiaoou , Qiu Jiajun , Liu Xuanyong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy) films obtained by oxidative polymerization have positive charges in its main chains and therefore exhibit antibacterial properties to some extent. However, antibacterial activities of PPy films for biomedical applications are still insufficient. Here, to endow PPy films with excellent antibacterial properties and biocompatibility, oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation (O‐PIII) is performed to regulate their physicochemical properties, including but not limited to wettability and surface charge. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and MC3T3‐E1 cells are utilized to investigate the antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility, respectively. Results show that antibacterial property of PPy films against E. coli is enhanced after O‐PIII treatment, and it becomes more outstanding with the increase of implantation time, which may be ascribed to the improved hydrophilicity and change of sample surfaces from negatively charged to positively charged. The similar results cannot be found from S. aureus due to different cell membrane structure. Meanwhile, O‐PIII can significantly improve the biocompatibility of PPy films.
Enabling and Controlling Negative Photoconductance of FePS3 Nanosheets by Hot Carrier Trapping
Authors: Ou Zhenwei , Wang Ti , Tang Jibo , Zong Xinrong , Wang Wei , Guo Quanbing , Xu Yuhao , Zhu Chao , Wang Lin , Huang Wei , Xu Hongxing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract2D materials have aroused tremendous attention in the last decade, and magnetic materials of the 2D scale are rising to prominence in recent years, which may revolutionize current optical and electronic applications. Photoconductivity is a well‐known optical and electrical property, which should be positive as the conductivity of material increases typically upon the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. Here, a controllable switch fromnegative to positive photoconductivity effect of FePS3 nanosheets is enabledby the modulation of the excitation wavelengths. These effects originate from an ultrafast process of hot carrier trapping, as visualized and investigated by the transient absorption microscopy at a quantitative level. This hot carrier trapping process is about 1.25 ps resulting in a lower diffusion constant state (≈3.5 cm2 s−1), which provides deep insight into the intrinsic properties of 2D FePS3 for further study. The results demonstrate experimentally the possibility to tune the electronic properties of 2D magnetic materials by an optical way, which not only induces the change in the magnitude but also in the sign, leading to more understandings and possibilities in 2D optoelectronic devices with many unexpected and multifunctional properties.
Discovery of an Unexpected Metal Dissolution of Thin‐Coated Cathode Particles and Its Theoretical Explanation
Authors: He Yufang , Pham Hiep , Gao Yan , Patel Rajankumar L. , Sarkar Susmita , Liang Xinhua , Park Jonghyun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe degree of metal dissolution of cathode materials is a critical parameter in determining the performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Ultra‐thin coated cathode particles, fabricated via atomic layer deposition (ALD), exhibit superior battery performance over that of bare particles. Therefore, it is generally believed that a coating layer protects the particles from metal dissolution of active materials, which is a critical cathode degradation mechanism. However, it is observed that ultra‐thin CeO2 coating intensified the Mn dissolution of LiMn2O4 (LMO) during cycling of LIBs, whereas ultra‐thin Al2O3 coating tended to inhibit Mn dissolution. A detailed density functional theory (DFT) study is carried out to explain these experimental observations by analyzing interaction of Mn atoms with neighboring electrode atoms in terms of energetic and structural aspect. All atomic and electronic analyses are consistent with the experimental observations. Several common materials are investigated as possible ALD coatings for LIBs to provide general insight, and it is found that Mn dissolution can be suppressed or accelerated depending on the material selection. This is the first report finding that depending on the coating material, metal dissolution can be accelerated, providing new insights into the impact of ALD coating materials on metal dissolution in cathode materials.
Barley and wheat nutrient responses for Shewa, Ethiopia
Authors: Liben Feyera M. , Midega Tesfaye , Tufa Tolcha , Wortmann Charles S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are important crops for the highlands of western Shewa in Ethiopia. Information is scarce regarding the determination of fertilizer recommendations for barley and wheat with location specificity. On‐farm trials were conducted to determine yield response to N and P and to diagnose K‐Mg‐S‐Zn‐B deficiencies in western Shewa. Grain yields were higher and responses to N and P were greater for these trials compared with results from earlier trials. Grain yield increases occurred with N application for all trials, ranging from 0.42 to 2.8 Mg ha−1 for barley and from 1.4 to 3.8 Mg ha−1 for wheat, fitting curvilinear to plateau or quadratic functions. Barley yield was maximized with 60 kg ha−1 N, and 98% of maximum yield was achieved with 50 kg ha−1 N, but wheat yield was projected to maximize with >100 kg ha−1 N. About 50% of the trials had yield increases with P application. Many farmers in this area are financially constrained regarding fertilizer use and can achieve a mean of 48% greater net return on their investment with the application at 50% rather than 100% of the rate to maximize profit per hectare. The yields and response to applied nutrients were generally less with earlier results compared with the current results, whereas the economically optimal rate of nutrient application or the rate expected to maximize net return per hectare to nutrient application was similar or slightly less for the earlier results. The profit opportunity with fertilizer use in western Shewa is great for N, less for P, and negligible for K‐Mg‐S‐Zn‐B.
Agronomic practices affect rice yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium accumulation, allocation and translocation
Authors: Lv Yandong , Hu Yue , Jiang Hongfang , Lan Yuchen , Wang Heying , Xu Lingqi , Yin Dawei , Zheng Guiping , Guo Xiaohong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractApplying appropriate agronomic practices instead of conventional farming practices might improve rice yield. However, few studies have focused on how integrated agronomic practices affect N, P, and K accumulation and allocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate grain yield, N, P, and K accumulation, and allocation under different agronomic practices. A japonica rice cultivar was grown in the field, with four agronomic practice treatments: no N application (N0), local farmers’ practice (FP), high‐yield practice (HYP), and super‐high‐yield (SHY) practice. The results showed that the latter two practices significantly increased grain yield by 11.0% and 26.4%, respectively, compared with that under FP, mainly as a result of an increase in mean number of panicles m−2 and spikelets panicle−1. Mean aboveground N, P, and K accumulation significantly increased by 24.9, 15.3, and 79.1%, in HYP and 42.0, 38.8, and 219.7% in SHY, respectively, compared with that under FP. In particular, K accumulation was higher than N and P accumulation in HYP and SHY plants than those in FP plants. However, N, P, and K grain productivity was lower by 7.5, 9.5, and 20.3% under HYP, and 20.3, 17.2 and 62.7% under SHY treatments than that of FP, respectively, and N, P, and K grain productivity were negatively correlated with yield. Our results suggest that an increase in N, P, and K accumulation from the full‐heading stage (FH) to the maturity stage (MS) may assist with improving rice yields under HYP and SHY treatments.
Idiopathic portal hypertension associated with POEMS syndrome mimicking liver cirrhosis in a patient with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Lin Kung‐Hung , Chen Wen‐Chi , Chuang Hao‐Wen , Lin Shyh‐Jer , Chiang Chia‐Ling , Liang Huei‐Lung , Yu Hsien‐Chung , Hsu Ping‐I , Cheng Jin‐Shiung 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes, known as POEMS syndrome, is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome resulting from an underlying plasma cell disorder. In contrast to the common presentations such as peripheral neuropathy, skin changes, extravascular fluid overload, and endocrinopathy, POEMS syndrome presenting as idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) has been reported in only seven cases. A 58‐year‐old man diagnosed as hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related cirrhosis in another hospital presented to our outpatient clinic with tense ascites. Initial findings of laboratory examinations, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging suggested the diagnosis of cirrhosis with ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. The patient's renal function improved after terlipressin administration but deteriorated once it was withdrawn. A hepatic venous pressure gradient was measured as 10 mmHg. The patient was implanted with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and achieved better renal function and ascites control. Even though this scenario was consistent with a diagnosis of cirrhosis‐related portal hypertension, a low serum‐ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) and liver stiffness value prompted further studies. The presence of peripheral polyneuropathy, monoclonal gammopathy, elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels, and endocrinopathies resulted in a diagnosis of POEMS syndrome. The patient received prednisolone along with low‐dose diuretics and achieved good control of his ascites. A percutaneous liver biopsy showed focal enlarged portal tracts with fibrosis, small lymphocyte infiltration, and absence of cirrhosis, supporting a diagnosis of IPH. This is a report of a rare case of IPH associated with POEMS syndrome mimicking cirrhosis. Our management of this patient also highlights the usefulness of the SAAG and a liver stiffness value to arrive at the proper diagnosis and furthermore provides an opportunity to learn from the experience of combination treatment with prednisolone and TIPS.
Comparative study of micro‐transplantation from HLA fully mismatched unrelated and partly matched related donors in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hu Kai‐Xun , Du Xin , Guo Mei , Yu Chang‐Lin , Qiao Jian‐Hui , Sun Qi‐Yun , Zuo Hong‐Li , Cai Bo , Huang Ya‐Jing , Ai Hui‐Sheng , Dong Zheng , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicro‐transplantation (MST) by chemotherapy, combined with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (GPBSC) infusion, from an HLA partial matched related donor has shown some encouraging effective therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the outcome of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) fully mismatched unrelated donor‐derived MST in such patients is still unknown. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of HLA fully mismatched unrelated donor‐derived MST, and partly matched related donor‐derived MST, in AML of 126 patients from two centers in China, These patients, aged 16 to 65 years, were given three or four courses of MST, which consisted of a high dosage cytarabine followed by GPBSC from unrelated donor or related donor. There was a statistically significant difference in 3‐year leukemia‐free survival (LFS) and 3‐year overall survival (OS) between the unrelated and the related group. The non‐treatment‐related mortality (NRM) rates of patients, and other adverse complications, were no different in the two groups. In conclusion, unrelated donor‐derived MST is believed to be a safe treatment, with efficacy similar to or higher than related donor‐derived MST. This result provides support for the potential of MST for expanding the donor selection. However, the specific mechanism of action needs further study.
In‐situ grafted POE for reduction of flow marks on injection molding of PP
Authors: Zhu Guodian , Xiong Di , Ding Jiao , Ruan Tao , Yin Guoqiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFlow mark phenomenon is one of the typical and common surface defects that affect industrial desired surface and long‐life mechanical properties of the injection molding of polypropylene (PP). The effect of in‐situ grafted polyolefin elastomer (POE) on the flow marks on injection molding of PP was investigated by combining experimental methods with dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. It was found that 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate‐grafted POE (POE‐g‐HD) facilitated the reduction of the flow marks under an optimized grafting condition, a screw speed of 250 rpm at 185°C. The DPD simulations indicated that the reduction of the flow marks via POE‐g‐HD was related to the emergence of POE‐g‐HD quasi‐clusters. In addition, increasing melt strength of PP resulted in a melt fracture phenomenon and an increase of the flow marks. The limiting grafting degree of POE led to a finite reduction of the flow marks.
Paleobiology in the 21st Century
Authors: Hedrick Brandon P. , Dodson Peter 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe diversity of research performed by vertebrate paleobiologists is immense, including primary descriptions of newly discovered taxa, biomechanical analyses of extant animals, large‐scale macroevolutionary analyses with hundreds of taxa, and many others. This special issue of The Anatomical Record highlights the scope of the research done by paleobiologists, with an emphasis on dinosaurs and their relatives, and is structured into three broad categories of research: (1) anatomical descriptions, (2) the biology of the dinosaurs and their relatives, and (3) macroevolutionary trends. Although these topics all fall within the purview of contemporary paleobiology, many of these topics have been studied in one form or another since the beginning of dinosaur paleobiology as a field. Rather than the topics themselves, what characterizes the modern renaissance of paleobiology is the employment of newly developed quantitative techniques to analyze the relationships between taxa and their evolutionary history. While primary anatomical descriptions remain the central pillar of dinosaur paleobiology, researchers now have a suitable baseline understanding of dinosaurian anatomy and their major evolutionary relationships. Using this baseline, they are able to ask more complex questions and refine their understanding of dinosaurian evolution. The aim of this issue is to exemplify the range of topics examined within dinosaur paleobiology and to look forward to the future of paleobiology. Anat Rec, 303:645–648, 2020. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy
“I Don't Want Someone to Watch Me While I'm Working”: Gendered Views of Facial Recognition Technology in Workplace Surveillance
Authors: Stark Luke , Stanhaus Amanda , Anthony Denise L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmployers are increasingly using information and communication technologies to monitor employees. Such workplace surveillance is extensive in the United States, but its experience and potential consequences differ across groups based on gender. We thus sought to identify whether self‐reported male and female employees differ in the extent to which they find the use of workplace cameras equipped with facial recognition technology (FRT) acceptable, and examine the role of privacy attitudes more generally in mediating views on workplace surveillance. Using data from a nationally representative survey conducted by the Pew Research Center, we find that women are much less likely than men to approve of the use of cameras using FRT in the workplace. We then further explore whether men and women think differently about privacy, and if perceptions of privacy moderate the relationship between gender and approval of workplace surveillance. Finally, we consider the implications of these findings for privacy and surveillance via embedded technologies, and how the consequences of surveillance and technologies like FRT may be gendered. Note: We recognize evaluations based on a binary definition of gender are invariably partial and exclusionary. As we note in our discussion of the study's limitations, we were constrained by the survey categories provided by Pew.
Common vs. Distinct Visuomotor Control Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia
Authors: Carment Loïc , Khoury Elie , Dupin Lucile , Guedj Laura , Bendjemaa Narjes , Cuenca Macarena , Maier Marc A. , Krebs Marie‐Odile , Lindberg Påvel G. , Amado Isabelle 
Published: March 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are neurodevelopmental disorders with partly overlapping clinical phenotypes including sensorimotor impairments. However, direct comparative studies on sensorimotor control across these two disorders are lacking. We set out to compare visuomotor upper limb impairment, quantitatively, in ASD and SCZ. Patients with ASD (N = 24) were compared to previously published data from healthy control participants (N = 24) and patients with SCZ (N = 24). All participants performed a visuomotor grip force‐tracking task in single and dual‐task conditions. The dual‐task (high cognitive load) presented either visual distractors or required mental addition during grip force‐tracking. Motor inhibition was measured by duration of force release and from principal component analysis (PCA) of the participant's force‐trajectory. Common impairments in patients with ASD and SCZ included increased force‐tracking error in single‐task condition compared to controls, a further increase in error in dual‐task conditions, and prolonged duration of force release. These three sensorimotor impairments were found in both patient groups. In contrast, distinct impairments in patients with ASD included greater error under high cognitive load and delayed onset of force release compared to SCZ. The PCA inhibition component was higher in ASD than SCZ and controls, correlated to duration of force release, and explained group differences in tracking error. In conclusion, sensorimotor impairments related to motor inhibition are common to ASD and SCZ, but more severe in ASD, consistent with enhanced neurodevelopmental load in ASD. Furthermore, impaired motor anticipation may represent a further specific impairment in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 885‐896. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay summaryAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are neurodevelopmental disorders with partly overlapping and partly distinct clinical symptoms. Sensorimotor impairments rank among these symptoms, but it is less clear whether they are shared or distinct. In this study, we showed using a grip force task that sensorimotor impairments related to motor inhibition are common to ASD and SCZ, but more severe in ASD. Impaired motor anticipation may represent a further specific impairment in ASD.
Abschätzung von verkehrsinduzierten Schwingungen von Straßenbrücken vor Betonierarbeiten
Authors: Ralbovsky Marian , Vorwagner Alois , Kleiser Michael , Kozakow Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBei Fahrzeugüberfahrten über Brücken kommt es zur Interaktion zwischen Tragwerk und Fahrzeug, deren Zusammenhänge äußerst komplex und schwer vorhersagbar sind. Gerade bei anstehenden Bauarbeiten an bestehenden Betonbrücken müssen diese bei aufrechterhaltenem Verkehr stattfinden, wodurch der junge Beton während seiner Erhärtung mit Schwingungen belastet wird. Aber gerade im Zuge der Planung von Bauphasen oder Bauabläufen ist eine Abschätzung im Vorfeld hilfreich. Aus diesem Grund wurden Großrechenserien, basierend auf Berechnungsmodellen von ganzen Brückenpopulationen untersucht. Das Ziel war, die verkehrsinduzierten Schwingungen von Platten‐ und Plattenbalkenbrücken in gängigen Konfigurationen abzuschätzen, um bei der Planung von Bauarbeiten entsprechende Schritte zur Schonung des jungen Betons in seiner kritischen Erhärtungsphase setzen zu können. Dabei wurden die Brückenschwingungen durch transiente FE‐Simulationen bei einer Vielzahl von Lkw‐Überfahrten berechnet und einerseits die Brückeneigenschaften wie Spannweite, Schlankheit etc., andererseits auch die Überfahrtsparameter wie Straßenoberfläche, Fahrgeschwindigkeit und Spur variiert. Die Betrachtung einzelner Parameter zeigte sich dabei als unzureichend, weshalb aufbauend auf dem großen Datensatz ein Meta‐Modell in Form von einfachen Gleichungen gebildet wurde, welches den Einfluss mehrerer Parameter vereint. Das Meta‐Modell ermöglicht eine Erstabschätzung der zu erwartenden Schwingungsamplituden und soll als Unterstützung für die Planung von nötigen Maßnahmen dienen.
Debating Eukaryogenesis—Part 2: How Anachronistic Reasoning Can Lure Us into Inventing Intermediates
Authors: Speijer Dave 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEukaryotic origins are inextricably linked with the arrival of a pre‐mitochondrion of alphaproteobacterial‐like ancestry. However, the nature of the “host” cell and the mode of entry are subject to heavy debate. It is becoming clear that the mutual adaptation of a relatively simple, archaeal host and the endosymbiont has been the defining influence at the beginning of the eukaryotic lineage; however, many still resist such symbiogenic models. In part 1, it is posited that a symbiotic stage before uptake (“pre‐symbiosis”) seems essential to allow further metabolic integration of the two partners ending in endosymbiosis. Thus, the author argued against phagocytic mechanisms (in which the bacterium is prey or parasite) as the mode of entry. Such positions are still broadly unpopular. Here it is explained why. Evolutionary thinking, especially in the case of eukaryogenesis, is still dominated by anachronistic reasoning, in which highly derived protozoan organisms are seen as in some way representative of intermediate steps during eukaryotic evolution, hence poisoning the debate. This reasoning reflects a mind‐set that ignores that Darwinian evolution is a fundamentally historic process. Numerous examples of this kind of erroneous reasoning are given, and some basic precautions against its use are formulated. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/ekqtNleVJpU
Pure aortic valve regurgitation: SAVR is the gold standard, but TAVR is another gun
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Fabris Tommaso 
Published: March 2020

Key Points
Surgical treatment is the gold standard for pure aortic regurgitation (AR).
In this study, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) appears to be a promising option for inoperable/high‐risk patients suffering pure AR.
Long‐term results and specific patient‐level data are needed to better clarify the role of TAVR in pure AR treatment.
Editorial for: Outcomes after endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in occluded vascular access used for dialysis purposes
Authors: Krajcer Zvonimir , Costello Briana T. 
Published: March 2020

Key Points
Multimodality interventions, including both percutaneous and surgical approaches, are paramount in maintaining vascular fistula and graft patency in hemodialysis patients.
Mechanical thrombectomy with Angiojet AVX or Solent Proxi of AVFs and AVGs achieved acceptable technical and clinical success rates (>90%) in combination with adjuvant percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting.
Future prospective studies using intravascular imaging before therapy may be useful when deciding which treatment modalities to use for AVFs and AVGs.
An uncommon cause of inappropriate ICD shock
Authors: Bazoukis George , Letsas Konstantinos P. , Vlachos Konstantinos , Tse Gary , Manolatos Dimitrios , Sideris Antonios , Efremidis Michael , Xydonas Sotirios 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn cases of electromagnetic interference (EMI), if the source of the inappropriate EMI cannot be identified, then the sensitivity of the device could be decreased, or the cycle length of the VF detection trigger zone changed.