bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-011 Stability of Impairment Rating Discrepancies in a Longitudinal Observational Alzheimer’s Study
Authors: J Kaylegian , A Ritter , J Caldwell 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The present study investigated frequency and 12-month persistence of discrepant Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment ratings of impairment.

Methods
We examined CDR and neuropsychological test scores from year 1 and 2 visits of 162 adults enrolled in a longitudinal observational study. Neuropsychological measures included Wide Range Achievement Test, American National Adult Reading Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Dementia Rating Scale 2nd edition, Boston Naming, Verbal Fluency/Color Word Interference from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, Judgment of Line Orientation, Trail Making Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Digit Span/Letter Number Sequencing from The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 4th edition. Discrepancies were defined as: CDR = 0 and 2 test impairments, CDR = 0.5 and &gt; 5 or 0 impairments, CDR = 1 and 0 impairments.

Results
Including all test domains, 40.1% of participants in year 1 and 44.3% in year 2 showed discrepancies. 69% maintained this discrepancy at year 2 and 68% of these showed no change in discrepancy type. Considering only memory tests, 37% of participants in year 1 and 28.4% in year 2 showed discrepancies, with 45% maintaining at year 2 (74% showing no change in discrepancy type). A majority of discrepancies observed in both years 1 and 2 revealed the CDR was under reporting impairment compared to the neuropsychological battery year.

Conclusions
The results provide evidence that within our study population, impairment as rated by the CDR frequently does not match the level of measured cognitive impairment and this observation is stable year to year.
A-03 Executive and Memory Components of Prospective Memory in Aging and Dementia
Authors: W Olmos , J Moreno , J Tran , L Alving , E Woo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Prospective memory (PM) involves remembering to perform an intended action in the future. PM is critical for older adults’ daily functioning. This ability is not a unitary construct, so in this study, we determined the roles of executive and memory functioning in different subtypes of PM, including simple PM (ability to execute a single action in the future) and complex PM (ability to execute different actions depending on the context).

Method
Participants included 58 healthy older adults, 64 persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 17 participants with Alzheimer’s disease. Simple PM was defined as remembering to ask the examiner for a pill after each neuropsychological test performed. Complex PM was defined as asking for the correct number of pills based on whether the test just completed involved memory (1 pill) or not (2 pills). An Executive composite score included Trail Making Test-B and FAS. The Memory composite score included delayed recall from the California Verbal Learning Test-II and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised.

Results
Whole group analyses showed that simple PM was significantly correlated with memory functions, and complex PM was significantly correlated with both memory and executive functions. Specific to the MCI group, regression analyses showed that executive and memory skills predicted both simple PM and complex PM.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that complex PM requires more executive demands than simple PM. For those with MCI, better executive and memory functions predicted PM generally. These findings indicate that both types of PM may be important for assessing the risk state for dementia.
A-033 Subjective Cognitive Decline Symptom Burden Predicts Acceptance of Cognitive Assessment
Authors: M Splonskowski , C Jacova 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Individuals endorsing subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are at risk for dementia, likely to endorse depression and anxiety but often don’t seek cognitive assessment. Here we examined the relationship between SCD and acceptance of cognitive assessment.

Method
A nation-wide sample of 483 adults age 50 and older completed an online survey via the crowdsourcing website, Amazon Mechanical Turk. The SCD-MyCog Questionnaire was used to calculate total SCD score and determine SCD and non-SCD groups (&gt;7/24 = SCD). Items from The Perceptions Regarding Investigational Screening for Memory in Primary Care were summed to create total Assessment Acceptance. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System scales.

Results
A hierarchical regression showed SCD total score adding to the prediction of assessment acceptance (R2 change = 8.5%). Once age (R2 change = 0.2%), and depression and anxiety (R2 change = 0.5%) were entered in steps 1 and 2. Step 3 coefficients were − .016, −.047, .019, and .18. The SCD group had an overall acceptance score &gt; 1 SD higher than non-SCD (17.4 ± 2.32 and 15.46 ± 3.46).

Conclusion
SCD endorsed more acceptance even when anxiety and depression symptoms were accounted for. This finding is at odds with reduced help-seeking behavior among SCD. Further research is warranted to understand the specific barriers to seeking assessment among SCD.
A-060 A Developmental Analysis of Auditory Processing and Symptom Severity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: M Cotter , S Tikir , S Molholm 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit abnormal responses to sensory events that interfere with the development of social communication. Previous studies have demonstrated that abnormal auditory processing contributes to this response; however, it remains unclear how this deficit is related to ASD severity throughout development. This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between auditory processing and symptom severity in a developmental sample of children, hypothesizing that auditory sensory event related potentials (ERP) will be associated with ASD severity as measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), and that there will be interaction between age and severity.

Method
This study included children (ages 6-18) with ASD (n = 116, female = 21) as diagnosed by the ADOS and typically developing children (n = 142, female =76). Exclusion criteria includes Performance IQ below 85, abnormal hearing or vision, and presence of a neurological disorder. Participants performed an audiovisual reaction task in which they pressed a button on a response pad when seeing or hearing the instructed stimuli while recording electroencephalography (EEG).

Results
Electrophysiological indices of auditory processing were identified based on peak amplitudes of averaged N1 responses, an early auditory ERP. A positive correlation was found between severity scores and N1 peak amplitudes (N1a (r(85) = .56, p &lt; .001) and N1b (r(85) = .44, p &lt; .001)). Approximately 72% (R2 = .716) of symptom severity variance can be accounted for by linear combination of ERPs. A linear model demonstrated a significant age by severity interaction with N1b, B = -2.7, F(2,84) = 20.6, p &lt; .001.

Conclusions
Abnormal early auditory processing is associated with symptom severity, and this effect is more pronounced throughout earlier ages.
A-062 Cognitive Profiles in Athletes with Neurodevelopmental Disorders on Baseline Testing
Authors: J Maietta , S Flood , L Johnson , N Hopkins , L Maietta , H Kuwabara , T Kinsora , S Ross , D Allen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is a commonly utilized sport concussion assessment. Previous literature examined differences in concussion rates, symptom scores, and invalid baselines between healthy athletes and athletes with neurodevelopmental disorders. There are no current studies that investigate cognitive profiles of athletes with autism. The present study explores possible differences in ImPACT performance for these athletes.

Method
Participants included 31,368 high school athletes (mean age = 15.0, SD = 1.2; mean education = 9.0; SD = 1.4; 43.9% female) selected from a larger database who completed baseline ImPACT testing from 2008–2016. Self-reported neurodevelopmental history consisted of these distinct groups: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 3.6%), learning disorders (LD; 1.3%), Autism (0.3%), ADHD/LD (0.6%). ImPACT Composite Scores were analyzed using Mixed-model ANCOVA (age and gender covariates)-Verbal Memory (VerbM), Visual Memory (VisM), Visual Motor Speed (VisMot), Reaction Time (RT), and Impulse Control (IC). Composites were standardized and RT was reverse coded. For comparison purposes, individuals from all neurodevelopmental groups were utilized.

Results
There was a main effect for Composites and neurodevelopmental history (p &lt; .01). An interaction effect between Composites and neurodevelopmental history was found (p &lt; .01). The Autism group scored significantly lower than healthy athletes on VerbM, VisM, VisMot, and RT. No difference was found for IC. Pattern differences between neurodevelopmental groups will also be reported.

Discussion
Results reveal cognitive profile differences for athletes with Autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. The ImPACT provides normative data for LD and ADHD athletes; however, our results indicate similar pattern differences for Autism and ADHD/LD. Future research should investigate whether separate norms may be beneficial for these groups.
A-063 Viewer Engagement Modulates Activation of Social Brain Systems: Evidence from a Natural Viewing fMRI Paradigm
Authors: J Pincus , S Koirala , L Li , A Klin , W Jones , S Shultz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Engagement is critical for social learning—information that does not engage cognition, even when looked at, will go unprocessed and unlearned. Consequently, atypical engagement can contribute to social disability. Despite its importance, the neural mechanisms underlying engagement remain unknown, largely because no studies have successfully quantified the individualized ways that viewers engage with the world. This study uses patterns of eye-blinking—a novel measure of engagement (Shultz, Klin, Jones, 2011)—to examine how a viewer’s own engagement with social stimuli (e.g. faces) modulates activation of social brain systems.

Method
Simultaneous functional MRI and eye-tracking data were collected while children (n = 12, ages 8–12) watched naturalistic social videos of children interacting. Eye-fixation and blink patterns were used to identify moments when viewers looked at a face and were ‘highly engaged’ or ‘less engaged’ with those faces. Whole-brain analyses compared brain activation in response to each condition of interest (‘highly engaging faces’, ‘less engaging faces’).

Results
Whole-brain analyses (z = 2.3, cluster corrected at p &lt; .05) reveal increased activation in bilateral occipital cortex, left middle temporal gyrus, bilateral posterior cingulate, left orbitofrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus, right angular gyrus, and right fusiform gyrus, when viewing faces perceived as ‘highly engaging’ versus ‘less engaging’.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that even when viewing the same stimulus category (e.g. faces), one’s own engagement with the stimulus modulates brain activation, even in canonical face processing areas like the fusiform gyrus. Insights into the neural mechanisms of engagement can inform future understanding of social disability and interventions for social learning.
A-072 Neuropsychological Case Study of Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder​ in a Vietnamese Woman in a Community Health Setting
Authors: J Naylor , N O'Donnell , N Hans , S Berry , T Uzuncan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Behavioral variant frontal temporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterized by progressive changes in behavior, personality, and cognition. Little is published on the presentation in non-English-speaking populations. Here is the case of a neuropsychological evaluation in a community health setting where language and cultural considerations were salient.

Method
A 73-year-old, right-handed, monolingual Vietnamese widowed female homemaker with five years of education and low literacy, was referred after gradual personality changes over five years caused family tension and a need for increased monitoring. History includes cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cholestatic hepatitis, and depression with remitting psychotic features and suicidal ideation. Neuroimaging shows right temporal encephalomalacia and mild diffuse atrophy commensurate with age.

Results
A bilingual phone interpreter was used. Test findings revealed low scores across all but two tasks (visuospatial processing speed, recognition memory). Several confrontation naming items were unknown to the patient or culturally irrelevant, per interpreter. Interview with an English-speaking daughter revealed declines in behavior and social comportment (e.g., unsympathetic, demanding, rigid, repetitive, disorganized, compulsive shopping and gaming, confabulatory) and modest declines in activities of daily living. Presentation was notably childlike, overly affectionate, “grabby”, insistent, restless, with poor conversational turn-taking (with interpreter), but generally intact expressive and receptive language. BvFTD was diagnosed.

Conclusions
Addressing needs of a diverse, multi-cultural population in a community health setting can present significant challenges. This case study highlights the importance of non-psychometric sources of data, including history, observation, and collateral interviews, along with consideration of education, language, and culture on the evaluation process and case conceptualization.
A-078 Examining the Neuropsychological Effects of Opioid Use in the Aging Population of People Living with HIV
Authors: A Slaughter , M Savin , A Summers , C Crook , E Breen , K Fidaleo , D Byrd , M Rivera Mindt 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
People living with HIV (PLWH) exhibit accelerated and premature cognitive aging in comparison to age-matched, seronegative controls. Although opioid use is elevated among PLWH, literature regarding the neurocognitive effects of opioid use across the lifespan of PLWH is limited. This cross-sectional study examines the neurocognitive effects of opioid use across the mid-older adult lifespan of PLWH.

Methods
One-hundred fifty-two PLWH (72% Latinx; 71% Male; Mdn(IQR) Age = 47(43, 51) years; M Education = 133 years) completed comprehensive neurocognitive, neuromedical, quality of education (Wide Range Achievement Test- 4 [WRAT-4]), psychiatric/substance-use (Composite International Diagnostic Interview [CIDI]), and urine toxicology assessments. Opioid users were defined by DSM diagnostics for lifetime opioid use disorder. A series of LSR tested the interactive effects of age and opioid use across seven neurocognitive domains.

Results
After controlling for covariates (e.g., CD4 cell count; WRAT-4; comorbid substance use), a least-squares regression demonstrated significant interactive effects between age and opioid use upon verbal fluency, such that older opioid users exhibited greater verbal fluency scores (F [11] = 4.28, p &lt; .0001, R2 = .33). No significant interactions were detected in other domains.

Discussion
The moderate observed effect sizes indicate a positive relationship between older age and lifetime opioid use upon verbal fluency among PLWH. These findings may be representative of a selective survival bias among opioid users within this population. Nonetheless, verbal fluency could serve as a marker of greater survivability among PLWH with opioid use histories. Future directions should examine this interaction longitudinally and evaluate differences in the severity/duration of opioid use.
A-080 Prediction Model for Verbal Memory Decline in Different Epilepsy Surgery Procedures: Temporal Lobectomy vs. Amygdalohippocampectomy
Authors: K Hageboutros , A Bono , B Johnson-Markve , K Smith , G Lee 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Mathematical models predicting risk of verbal memory decline after resective epilepsy surgery have been developed for patients undergoing temporal lobectomies. This study was undertaken to determine if application of the Stroup memory loss prediction model was as accurate in foreseeing verbal memory decline after temporal lobectomy as in the less invasive selective amygdalohippocampectomy procedure.

Method
This retrospective study examined the verbal memory performances of 40 left temporal lobectomy (ATL), and 16 left subtemporal approach selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SA-H), patients before and after epilepsy surgery using word list learning (Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, Buschke Selective Reminding Test) and story memory (WMS Logical Memory) tests. Patients were assigned to one of four groups using the Stroup multiple regression equation: Minimal Risk (61% risk). To classify memory decline in individual patients, a pre-to-post surgery decrease of &gt; 1 SD on at least one memory test constituted memory decline.

Results
The prediction model accurately classified 82% (9/11) of ATL, and 75% (3/4) of SA-H, High Risk patients. Verbal memory loss was higher among ATLs than SA-Hs in the Moderate Risk (87% vs. 18%) and Low Risk (71% vs. 0%) groups.

Conclusion
The Stroup verbal memory loss risk model under-predicted memory loss among temporal lobectomy patients (71% of Low Risk patients showed memory decline) and over-predicted memory loss among selective amygdalohippocampectomy patients (only 18% of Moderate Risk patients showed memory decline). Results should be considered preliminary due to methodological limitation including small Ns and unequal sample sizes.
A-083 A Lesser Form of ADHD? Exploring the Neuropsychological Profiles of Adult ADHD Diagnostic Subgroups
Authors: N Baggett , C Jacova 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Many individuals experience clinically-elevated symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adulthood that were absent, sub-threshold, or unapparent prior to age 12 (late-onset ADHD). These individuals might be experiencing a less-severe form of ADHD. We explored whether the neuropsychological performance profiles of different diagnostic ADHD subgroups of community-dwelling individuals in the Pacific Northwest, USA, supported this form of ADHD. We compared individuals who endorsed clinically-elevated ADHD symptoms in adulthood only (ADHD-A), in both childhood and adulthood (ADHD-CA), and individuals who did not endorse symptoms (None).

Method
Subgroup placement was determined based on symptom endorsement on the Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale in accordance with DSM-V criteria. Our sample included n = 41 placed in the ADHD-CA group (mean age = 39.12, range 18–71), n = 12 in the ADHD-A group (mean age = 51.83, range 20–73), and n = 50 in the None group (mean age = 50.52, range 18–86). ANCOVAs with pairwise comparisons were conducted to compare group performance on the CVLT-II, WMS-V Spatial Addition and Visual Reproduction, and D-KEFS Verbal Fluency Letter and Color-Word Inhibition tasks after controlling for age.

Result
Group differences were found on the D-KEFS Color-Word Inhibition task where the ADHD-A group’s score was higher than that of the ADHD-CA group (d = 1.37, p = .340) but lower than that of the None group (d = −1.03, p = .462). No other group differences were found.

Conclusions
Adults with late-onset ADHD may display a less-severe impairment on neuropsychological measures closely related to ADHD symptomology (e.g. inhibitory control) than those meeting full ADHD diagnostic criteria. There is no evidence that this pattern extends to other neuropsychological domains.
A-137 Increased Symptom Burden during Baseline Concussion Testing: What Does it Mean?
Authors: K Riegler , E Guty , G Thomas , G Bruce , P Arnett 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Explore factors that are predictive of an increase in symptoms over the course of a baseline neuropsychological evaluation and examine the impact of symptom increase on objective test performance.

Method
266 athletes (M = 198, F = 68) were assessed at baseline. A 21-item post-concussion symptom checklist (PCSS) was administered at the beginning (Pre-PCSS) and end (Post-PCSS) of a two-and-half hour baseline assessment. Symptoms were rated on a 7-point Likert scale (0 = none, 6 = severe). A difference score was calculated for each athlete by subtracting Post-PCSS from Pre-PCSS. Athletes were categorized into three groups based on the criterion of a half standard deviation cutoff from the mean difference score: decrease (N = 47), increase (N = 57), and no change (N = 162). The decrease and no change groups were combined into the “stable symptom” group (N = 219) which was compared to the “increased symptom” group (N = 47). Clinically significant depression was operationalized as a Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen score ≥ 4. Two neurocognitive composites were created (memory and attention/processing-speed).

Results
Independent samples t-tests were conducted to compare the stable symptom and increased symptom groups on the two neurocognitive composites. Compared with the stable symptom group, the increased symptom group demonstrated significantly worse memory composite performance, t(264) = 2.21, p = .03, d = .33, but no differences on attention/processing-speed composite performance, p &gt; .05. Also, a significantly greater proportion of athletes in the increased symptom group reported depression (17%) compared to the stable symptom group (3%), χ2(1,N = 266) = 13.81, p &lt; .001, φ = .23.

Conclusions
Depression and poor memory performance are associated with an increase in self-reported symptoms during the cognitive exertion associated with a typical baseline concussion assessment.
A-140 Single-Item Screening for Anxiety and Depression using the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory
Authors: S Rolin , K Kitchen Andren , C Mullen , N Kurniadi , J Davis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Previous research in a Veterans Affairs sample proposed using single items on the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) to screen for anxiety (item 19) and depression (item 20). This study examined the approach in an outpatient physical medicine and rehabilitation sample.

Method
Participants (N = 84) underwent outpatient neuropsychological evaluation using the NSI, BDI-II, GAD-7, MMPI-2-RF, and Memory Complaints Inventory (MCI) among other measures. Anxiety and depression were psychometrically determined via cutoffs on the GAD-7 (&gt;4) and MMPI-2-RF ANX (&gt;64 T), and BDI-II (&gt;13) and MMPI-2-RF RC2 (&gt;64 T), respectively. Analyses included receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) and logistic regression. Logistic regression models used dichotomous anxiety and depression as outcomes and relevant NSI items and MCI average score as predictors.

Results
ROC analysis using NSI items to classify cases showed area under the curve (AUC) values of .77 for anxiety and .85 for depression. The logistic regression model predicting anxiety correctly classified 80% of cases with AUC of .86. The logistic regression model predicting depression correctly classified 79% of cases with AUC of .88.

Conclusion
Findings support the utility of NSI anxiety and depression items as screening measures in a rehabilitation population. Consideration of symptom validity via the MCI improved classification accuracy of the regression models. The approach may be useful in other clinical settings for quick assessment of psychological issues warranting further evaluation.