bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moringa oleifera leaves extract modulates toxicity, sperms alterations, oxidative stress, and testicular damage induced by tramadol in male rats
Authors: Abd Haitham Hassen , Ahmed Harith Abdulrhman , Mutar Thulfiqar Fawwaz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic used for moderate-to-severe pain structurally related to codeine and morphine, where their analgesic mechanism is a result of opioid and non-opioid mechanisms. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (MLE) on tramadol-induced testicular toxicity, sperm changes, testicular damage, and oxidative stress in male rats. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups and treated for 4 weeks (group 1, as control; group 2, MLE; group 3, tramadol; group 4, MLE + tramadol). The relative body weight, relative testes weight, serum total testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, sperm counts, vitality, total sperm motility, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in tramadol-treated group when compared with the control group. In contrast, sperm abnormality, immotile sperm percent, testicular injury, and TBARS concentration in testes were significantly increased in the tramadol-treated group. In addition, histopathological examination for the tramadol-treated group has shown incomplete spermatogenesis, moderate degeneration in some seminiferous tubules with a significant decrease in the number of spermatogenic cells and depletion of Leydig cells. The administration of MLE with tramadol ameliorates the testicular toxicity, injury, sperm count, abnormalities, and oxidative stress induced by tramadol.
Convergent evolution and possible constraint in the posterodorsal retraction of the external nares in pelagic crocodylomorphs
Authors: Young Mark T , Sachs Sven , Abel Pascal , Foffa Davide , Herrera Yanina , Kitson James J N 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmongst Mesozoic marine reptiles, metriorhynchid crocodylomorphs were unique in evolving into pelagically adapted forms with little-to-no posterodorsal retraction of the external nares. Narial retraction is a common adaptation seen in sustained swimmers, notably occurring during cetacean evolution. Mesosaurids and the basalmost known members of ichthyosauriforms, thalattosaurians, saurosphargids, sauropterygians, pleurosaurids and mosasauroids had the external nares divided by an ossified bar, bound by multiple cranial bones and were positioned back from the tip of the rostrum. However, metriorhynchids evolved from taxa with a single external naris bound solely by the premaxilla, and positioned near the tip of an elongate rostrum. We posit that metriorhynchids were uniquely disadvantaged in evolving into sustained swimmers. Herein we describe three Late Jurassic metriorhynchid cranial rostra that display differing degrees of narial retraction. In our new phylogenetic analyses, the backwards migration of the narial fossa posterior margin occurred independently at least four times in Metriorhynchidae, whereas the backwards migration of the anterior margin only occurred twice. Although Rhacheosaurini share the backwards migration of the anterior and posterior narial margins, posterodorsal retraction occurred differently along three lineages. This culminated in the Early Cretaceous, where a rhacheosaurin evolved nares bound by the premaxilla and maxilla, and significantly posterodorsally retracted.
Maternal Outcomes by Race During Postpartum Readmissions
Authors: Aziz A. , Gyamfi-Bannerman C. , Siddiq Z. , Wright J.D. , Goffman D. , Sheen J.-J. , D’Alton M.E. , Friedman A.M. 
Published: February 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220:484.e1–484.e10)
As obstetric readmissions appear to increase, characterizing maternal risk of adverse postpartum outcomes is of particular importance. There have been documented racial disparities in risk for severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and mortality, suggesting maternal race may be associated with postpartum risk. This study aimed to identify risk of postpartum readmissions, and risk of life-threatening complications during readmission, by race.
A Contemporary Analysis of Medicolegal Issues in Obstetric Anesthesia Between 2005 and 2015
Authors: Kovacheva V.P. , Brovman E.Y. , Greenberg P. , Song E. , Palanisamy A. , Urman R.D. 
Published: February 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128(6):1199–1207)
The study of closed malpractice claims provides the ability to improve medical practice procedures, examine rare complications, and help researchers understand circumstances connected to medical litigation. Professional societies such as The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have used previously closed malpractice claims to enhance patient safety and reduce the likelihood of serious complications. Obstetric anesthesia bears a higher malpractice risk than other anesthesia subspecialties, and numerous safety efforts in the discipline have been implemented to reduce the occurrence of maternal and infant mortality. In this study, the investigators used data from closed claims to identify recent trends in obstetric anesthesia litigation, such as the type of patient injury, associated factors related to the injury, and resulting indemnity payments and litigation costs.
Preventability Review of Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Lawton B.A. , MacDonald E.J. , Stanley J. , Daniells K. , Geller S.E. 
Published: February 2020

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98:515–522)
Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) has been increasingly used to gauge the quality of maternal care. Worldwide, rates of SMM are increasing and are higher in women in ethnic minorities. Standardized SMM reviews have been recommended by the World Health Organization and other bodies to determine the preventability of SMM and to identify opportunities to improve SMM rates. This study aimed to establish the national incidence of SMM in intensive care units (ICUs) or high dependency units (HDUd) in New Zealand, and additionally, to establish ethnicity-specific rates of SMM.
Reproductive (In)Justice: 2 Patients With Avoidable Poor Reproductive Outcomes
Authors: Knight K.R. , Duncan L.G. , Szilvasi M. , Premkumar A. , Matache M. , Jackson A. 
Published: February 2020

(N Engl J Med. 2019;381(7):593–596)
In this Perspective article, the authors provided 2 case studies of women who faced reproductive injustices, explained the reproductive-justice concept, and discussed the need for policies and practices that address these injustices and advocate for the compassionate and individually targeted care of pregnant women.
Delivery-associated Sepsis: Trends in Prevalence and Mortality
Authors: Kendle A.M. , Salemi J.L. , Tanner J.P. , Louis J.M. 
Published: February 2020

(Am J Obst Gynecol. 2019;220:391.e1–391.e16)
Sepsis remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, despite widespread efforts by hospitals to raise awareness and improve outcomes in recent years. A diagnosis of sepsis can be difficult to determine due to the physiological changes of pregnancy that mimic infection, and specific treatment guidelines for pregnancy related sepsis are lacking. The aim of this study was to provide national estimates of the prevalence and trends of delivery-associated sepsis and in-hospital mortality.
Evidence-based Guidelines for the Management of Abnormally Invasive Placenta: Recommendations From the International Society for Abnormally Invasive Placenta
Authors: Collins S.L. , Alemdar B. , van Beekhuizen H.J. , Bertholdt C. , Braun T. , Calda P. , Delorme P. , Duvekot J.J. , Gronbeck L. , Kayem G. , Langhoff-Roos J. , Marcellin L. , Martinelli P. , Morel O. , Mhallem M. , Morlando M. , Noergaard L.N. , Nonnenmacher A. , Pateisky P. , Petit P. , Rijken M.J. , Ropacka-Lesiak M. , Schlembach D. , Sentilhes L. , Stefanovic V. , Strindfors G. , Tutschek B. , Vangen S. , Weichert A. , Weizsäcker K. , Chantraine F. 
Published: February 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220(6):511–526)
Abnormally invasive placenta (AIP), or placenta accreta spectrum disorder has been shown to be on the rise worldwide, likely due to increasing cesarean delivery rates. In cases of AIP, the placenta does not separate during delivery and cannot be removed without abnormal bleeding, which can be life-threatening. Management of AIP requires accurate diagnosis and a robust strategy. However, AIP cases are still relatively rare and constructing an optimal management strategy is therefore challenging. While there have been many studies varying in approach to AIP management, most have been small. In this paper, the International Society for Abnormal Invasive Placenta (IS-AIP) aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for intrapartum management of AIP.
Severe Cardiovascular Morbidity in Women With Hypertensive Diseases During Delivery Hospitalization
Authors: Ackerman C.M. , Platner M.H. , Spatz E.S. , Illuzzi J.L. , Xu X. , Campbell K.H. , Smith G.N. , Paidas M.J. , Lipkind H.S. 
Published: February 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220:582.e1–582.e11)
The pregnancy-related mortality ratio in the United States has tripled between 1987 and 2014. Some studies have estimated 35% to 44% of cases of maternal mortality or severe maternal morbidity are preventable. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affect 10% of pregnancies worldwide and are one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity. Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in women in the United States and the leading cause of pregnancy-related death. HDP have been associated with an increased risk of CV disease 10 to 30 years after delivery, but there is a lack of data on the relationship between HDP and CV morbidity during hospitalization for delivery. This study aimed to identify the risk of CV morbidity during delivery hospitalization in pregnancies complicated by HDP.
Preeclampsia and the Risk of Later Kidney Disease: Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Kristensen J.H. , Basit S. , Wohlfahrt J. , Damholt M.B. , Boyd H.A. 
Published: February 2020

(BMJ. 2019;365:l1516)
Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, and has been associated with renal dysfunction. There is a lack of information on the effects of preeclampsia on renal function in the years following pregnancy. Studies on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy have found mixed results concerning the risk of chronic kidney disease. Understanding the potential links between preeclampsia and kidney disease could help identify women at risk for kidney disease after pregnancy. This study aimed to explore the potential association between preeclampsia and later kidney disease, focusing on the type of kidney disease, gestational age at delivery, and time since pregnancy.
Efficacy of Forced-air Warming and Warmed Intravenous Fluid for Prevention of Hypothermia and Shivering During Caesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anaesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jun J. , Chung M.H. , Jun I. , Kim Y. , Kim H. , Kim J.H. , Choi Y.R. , Choi E.M. 
Published: February 2020

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019;36:442–448)
Perioperative hypothermia and shivering are common in women undergoing cesarean delivery. Several complications have been associated with perioperative hypothermia, including surgical site infection and coagulopathy. During cesarean delivery maternal hypothermia may also lead to hypothermia in the newborn. The purpose of this prospective, randomized, controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of preanesthetic forced-air warming combined with warmed intravenous (IV) fluid infusion to prevent maternal hypothermia and shivering in women receiving spinal anesthesia for undergoing cesarean delivery.
Prophylactic Antibiotics in the Prevention of Infection After Operative Vaginal Delivery (ANODE): A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Knight M. , Chiocchia V. , Partlett C. , Rivero-Arias O. , Hua X. , Hinshaw K. , Tuffnell D. , Linsell L. , Juszczak E. 
Published: February 2020

(Lancet. 2019;393:2395–2403)
Sepsis is responsible for 11% of maternal deaths worldwide, and it is not limited to low- and middle-income countries. Even in high-income countries, sepsis accounts for ∼5% of maternal deaths; in the United States, the rate might be as high as 13%. Risk factors for sepsis have been identified and include cesarean and operative vaginal (use of forceps or vacuum extraction) deliveries. Several studies have reported a 60% to 70% decrease in postoperative infections after cesarean delivery with the administration of prophylactic antibiotics. However, due to a lack of evidence, routine antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for operative vaginal deliveries. The aim of this randomized, controlled multicenter study was to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis prevented maternal infection after operative vaginal birth.
Trial of Labor After Cesarean Delivery in Twin Gestations: Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kabiri D. , Masarwy R. , Schachter-Safrai N. , Masarwa R. , Raccah B.H. , Ezra Y. , Matok I. 
Published: February 2020

(Am J Obst Gynecol. 2019;220:336–347)
While twin gestation pregnancy rates have increased, multiple gestation pregnancies are considered a high-risk condition with significant maternal and perinatal risks. For patients with twin pregnancy and history of previous cesarean delivery, adequate data to guide informed decision-making for planned, elective repeat cesarean delivery (RCD) or planned vaginal delivery are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with trial of labor (TOL) after cesarean delivery in twin pregnancy.
Induction of Labor at 39 Weeks of Gestation Versus Expectant Management for Low-Risk Nulliparous Women: A Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Hersh A.R. , Skeith A.E. , Sargent J.A. , Caughey A.B. 
Published: February 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220:590.e1–590.e10)
Between 1990 and 2010, the rate of induced labor doubled in the United States, largely due to an increase in elective inductions. While elective induction was thought to increase the risk of cesarean delivery, several studies found it did not. The ARRIVE (A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management) Trial found potential benefits in the routine induction of labor at 39 weeks’ gestation, including a decrease in the risk of cesarean delivery. Before routine adoption of this practice occurs, several factors, including cost, need to be evaluated. This study aimed to compare induction of labor at 39 weeks gestation for low-risk, nulliparous women in the United States with expectant management in terms of cost-effectiveness.
Delayed Clamping Versus Milking of Umbilical Cord in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shirk S. , Manolis S.A. , Lambers D.S. , Smith K.L. 
Published: February 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220:482.e1–482.e8)
Both delayed clamping and milking of the umbilical cord have separately been shown to have positive effects for neonates. Delayed clamping improves neonatal anemia, lowers the need for transfusion, lowers the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, and decreases the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage. While milking has also been associated with improved neonatal outcomes, there is a lack of studies comparing the 2 techniques. This study aimed to compare delayed clamping and umbilical cord milking in terms of effect on the initial hematocrit concentrations in preterm infants.
Contribution of Maternal Overweight and Obesity to the Occurrence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Yang Z. , Phung H. , Freebairn L. , Sexton R. , Raulli A. , Kelly P. 
Published: February 2020

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;59:367–374)
In recent decades, an increase in the proportion of parturients in Australia who are overweight or obese has led to an increase in major pregnancy complications directly related to weight. Complications including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders (including preeclampsia), and operative delivery are all increased with higher body mass index. The babies of overweight and obese women are also affected with increased risks of miscarriage, preterm birth (PTB), macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, congenital anomalies, and neonatal death. This study assessed the population-level contribution of maternal overweight and obesity to adverse pregnancy outcomes and also estimated the extent to which beneficial intervention strategies involving weight loss could decrease the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the population. This involved the use of population attributable fractions (PAF), which allows hypothetical estimates of the proportion of the outcomes that could be potentially prevented if exposure to a specific risk factor (ie, maternal obesity) was eliminated or minimized.
Maternal Noninfectious Fever Enhances Cell Proliferation and Microglial Activation in the Neonatal Rat Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Pancaro C. , Boulanger-Bertolus J. , Segal S. , Watson C.J. , St Charles I. , Mashour G.A. , Marchand J.E. 
Published: February 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128(6):1190–1198)
Maternal fever during labor is a complication that poses many risks for the infant being delivered, and is frequently associated with epidural analgesia. Elevated levels of a proinflammatory cytokine called interleukin-6 (IL-6) are found in the maternal serum and umbilical cord blood of patients with fevers who received an epidural. These investigators have demonstrated through previous studies that higher IL-6 levels can cause temperature increases in rats, and are also connected with microglial activation and subventricular inflammation. In addition, the authors have conducted prior research that connected a higher IL-6 measurement to maternal systemic and fetal brain inflammation. This current study aimed to examine the effect of maternally administered IL-6 on neonatal brain development.
Comparison of GlideScope Video Laryngoscopy and Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation in Neonates
Authors: Tao B. , Liu K. , Zhao P. , Wang D. , Liu Y. , Yin H. 
Published: February 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2019;129(2):482–486)
Endotracheal intubation is a common technique for securing the airway and providing ventilation in patients undergoing anesthesia. Today, 2 instruments are available to facilitate this intubation: the classic direct laryngoscope (DL), and the newer GlideScope video laryngoscope (GS). Compared with DL, the GS has been reported to provide a better view of the glottis and helps to decrease the time to intubation (TTI) and improve first attempt success rates compared with DL. While GS has been studied in adults and pediatric patients, no studies have assessed its use in neonates. The aim of this study was to compare the TTI using either DL or GS for endotracheal intubation in neonates.
A Randomized Trial of Prenatal n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Preterm Delivery
Authors: Makrides M. , Best K. , Yelland L. , McPhee A. , Zhou S. , Quinlivan J. , Dodd J. , Atkinson E. , Safa H. , van Dam J. , Khot N. , Dekker G. , Skubisz M. , Anderson A. , Kean B. , Bowman A. , McCallum C. , Cashman K. , Gibson R. 
Published: February 2020

(N Engl J Med. 2019;381(11):1035–1045)
Although early preterm deliveries (before 34 wk of gestation) only comprise 20% of all preterm deliveries, they are more likely to result in neonatal death or childhood disability. The rate of preterm deliveries is rising around the world, and previous research has indicated a significant relationship between reduced fish consumption during pregnancy and higher preterm delivery rates. In this study, the investigators examined the connection between n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplements and the percentage of pregnant women who experienced preterm delivery.
Accidental Dural Puncture During Labor Analgesia and Obstetric Outcomes in Nulliparous Women
Authors: Shea K. , Choi L. , Jagannathan D. , Elterman K. , Robinson J. , Kodali B. , Huang C.C. , Palanisamy A. 
Published: February 2020

(Int J Obst Anesth. 2019;38:46–51)
An accidental dural puncture (ADP) is a common adverse event during epidural procedures, occurring in up to 1.5% of patients receiving neuraxial analgesia for labor. Yet, little is known about the effect of ADP on obstetric outcomes. Possible interventions following ADP in obstetric patients include intrathecal catheter placement or a repeat epidural catheter placement—both of which can provide effective analgesia with no evidence of significant differences in obstetric outcomes. However, comparisons of obstetric outcomes between women with an ADP and those with uncomplicated epidural analgesia have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate whether ADP was associated with a prolonged second stage of labor or a higher incidence of instrumented vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery due to the failure of labor to progress compared with uneventful epidural placement.
Ultrasound-guided L5-S1 Placement of Labor Epidural Does not Improve Dermatomal Block in Parturients
Authors: Malik T. , Malas O. , Thompson A. 
Published: February 2020

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019;38:52–58)
While epidural analgesia is safe, effective and widely used, studies have shown failure rates of 0.9% to 23% for providing sufficient analgesia to women in labor. Sacral sparing is one of the common causes of failure with labor epidural analgesia. Identification of palpable landmarks is usually used to identify lumbar interspace levels during epidural procedures. The intercristal line has commonly been used to locate the L4-L5 interspace. However, this practice may be ineffective in parturients as this landmark is more cephalad in pregnant patients. In addition, studies have reported that the epidural insertion interspace is correctly identified by palpation of landmarks in only 14% to 29% of cases. The use of preprocedural ultrasound had been reported to decrease the number of puncture attempts and catheter manipulations in parturients undergoing neuraxial procedures. It has also been suggested that placement of an epidural at a lower lumbar level might decrease the risk of sacral sparing. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of obtaining an adequate sacral dermatomal block when prepuncture ultrasound was used to place an epidural catheter at the L5-S1 interspace, compared with using surface landmarks to place an epidural at the L3-L4 or L2-L3 interspace.
Impact of Patient Choice for Different Postcesarean Delivery Analgesic Protocols on Opioid Consumption: A Randomized Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Carvalho B. , Sutton C.D. , Kowalczyk J.J. , Flood P.D. 
Published: February 2020

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019;44:578–585)
Pain management after cesarean delivery is typically selected by the physician without patient input. Shared decision-making between provider and patient may improve patient care. A recent study showed patients who requested a higher intrathecal morphine dose for cesarean delivery had increased opioid requirements and greater postoperative pain, regardless of the actual dose administered. This study aimed to determine whether postoperative oxycodone requirements and pain scores could be reduced and satisfaction increased when patients were given a choice for their postcesarean delivery analgesic protocol.