bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Analysis of the Chemical Reactor Network Approach for Predicting the Pollutant Emissions in a Double-Swirl Combustor
Authors: Khodayari Hamidreza , Ommi Fathollah , Saboohi Zoheir 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to predict the pollutant emissions generated within an aero-engine combustor model using the computational fluid dynamics-chemical reactor network (CFD-CRN) approach by modeling combustion in highly swirled flows. The selected test case is a laboratory double swirled combustor that came with an extensive experimental database from previous works for CH4/air diffusion flames at atmospheric pressure. The CFD-CRN modeling approach is initiated by solving Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations for a 3D computational domain. The numerically achieved time-averaged values of the velocity components are in good agreement with the experimental data for two different thermal power. The CRN is obtained by dividing the flow field into ideal chemical reactors using various filters on the CFD results. The temperature, axial velocity, CH4, and O2 mass fractions distributions are selected as the splitting criteria for constructing the CRN. An uncertainty analysis is carried out to investigate the effects of different splitting approaches for the temperature criteria since it significantly affected the pollutant emissions in the gas turbine combustor. The simulations of the pollutant emissions are performed via the detailed gas-phase chemical kinetic mechanism of GRI-Mech 3.0. The nonlinear distribution of the temperature intervals result in lower uncertainty and provide reliable results even with a small number of ideal reactors. Also, it is observed that the CRN can be used in different operating conditions and provide suitable results if it is constructed with exceptional consideration. Moreover, a parametric study is performed by varying the equivalence ratio and air inlet temperature to investigate the trends of the NO and CO emissions.
Models, Uncertainty, and the Sandia V&V Challenge Problem
Authors: Hazelrigg George A. , Klutke Georgia-Ann 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is not to present new results; rather, it is to show that the current approach to model validation is not consistent with the accepted mathematics of probability theory. Specifically, we argue that the Sandia V&V Challenge Problem is ill-posed in that the answers sought do not, mathematically, exist. We apply our arguments to show the types of mistakes present in the papers presented in the Journal of Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, Volume 1,1 along with the challenge problem. Further, we argue that, when the problem is properly posed, both the applicable methodology and the solution techniques are easily drawn from the well-developed mathematics of probability and decision theory. The unfortunate aspect of the challenge problem as currently stated is that it leads to incorrect and inappropriate mathematical approaches that should be avoided and corrected in the current literature.
Seroprevalence ofEntamoeba histolyticaat a voluntary counselling and testing centre in Tokyo: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yanagawa Yasuaki , Nagashima Mami , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Yoshimi , Oka Shinichi , Yokoyama Keiko , Shinkai Takayuki , Sadamasu Kenji , Watanabe Koji 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundAmebiasis, which is caused byEntamoeba histolytica, is a re-emerging public health issue owing to sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Japan. However, epidemiological data are quite limited.MethodsTo reveal the relative prevalence of sexually transmittedE. histolyticainfection to other STIs, we conducted a cross-sectional study at a voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) centre in Tokyo. Seroprevalence ofE. histolyticawas assessed according to positivity with an ELISA forE. histolytica-specific IgG in serum samples collected from anonymous VCT clients.ResultsAmong 2083 samples, seropositive rate forE. histolyticawas 2.64%, which was higher than that for HIV-1 (0.34%, p<0.001) and comparable to that for syphilis (rapid plasma reagin (RPR) 2.11%, p=0.31). Positivity forChlamydia trachomatisin urine by transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) was 4.59%. Seropositivity forE. histolyticawas high among RPR/Treponema pallidumhemagglutination (TPHA)-positive individuals and it was not different between clients with and without other STIs. Both seropositivity ofE. histolyticaand RPR were high among male clients. The seropositive rate for anti-E. histolyticaantibody was positively correlated with age. TMA positivity for urineC. trachomatiswas high among female clients and negatively correlated with age. Regression analysis identified that male sex, older age and TPHA-positive results are independent risk factors ofE. histolyticaseropositivity.ConclusionsSeroprevalence ofE. histolyticawas 7.9 times higher than that of HIV-1 at a VCT centre in Tokyo, with a tendency to be higher among people at risk for syphilis infection. There is a need for education and specific interventions against this parasite, as a potentially re-emerging pathogen.
Trabeculotomy versus combined trabeculotomy–trabeculectomy for primary congenital glaucoma: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fang Lei , Guo Xinxing , Yang Yangfan , Zhang Jian , Chen Xiangxi , Zhu Yingting , Huang Jielei , Huang Jingjing , Zhong Yimin , Xu Xiaoyu , Liu Xing 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionTrabeculotomy and combined trabeculotomy–trabeculectomy (CTT) are major surgical options for primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). However, it is unclear which of these two surgical procedures should be recommended as the optimum first-line treatment for PCG. This trial aims to determine whether the outcomes of trabeculotomy are non-inferior to those of CTT in moderate PCG with a horizontal corneal diameter (HCD) of 12–14 mm.Methods and analysisThis is a 3-year, non-inferiority, prospective, randomised controlled trial. We plan to recruite 248 participants (aged ≤3 years) with PCG with an HCD of 12–14 mm from the Department of Glaucoma, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China. One eye per participant will be randomly (1:1) assigned to receive trabeculotomy or CTT. The primary outcome is the 3-year postoperative success rate in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), and the secondary clinical outcomes will include IOP reduction, visual acuity, HCD, central corneal thickness, axial length, cup–disc ratio, refractive error and postoperative complications. Data will be analysed by the intention-to-treat principle.Ethical approval and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (2014MEKY023) and the ‘5010 Plan’ evaluation committee at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. The results will be disseminated in international academic meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IOR-14005588; Date registered: 20 November 2014.
Quantifying gender disparity in physician authorship among commentary articles in three high-impact medical journals: an observational study
Authors: Mamtani Mira , Shofer Frances , Mudan Anita , Khatri Utsha , Walker Rachael , Perrone Jeanmarie , Aysola Jaya 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundScholarship plays a direct role in career advancement, promotion and authoritative recognition, and women physicians remain under-represented as authors of original research articles.ObjectiveWe sought to determine if women physician authors are similarly under-represented in commentary articles within high-impact journals.Design/Setting/ParticipantsIn this observational study, we abstracted and analysed author information (gender and degree) and authorship position from commentary articles published in three high-impact journals between 1 January 2014 and 16 October 2018.Primary outcome measureAuthorship rate of commentary articles over a 5-year period by gender, degree, authorship position and journal.Secondary outcome measuresTo compare the proportion of men and women physician authorship of commentaries relative to the proportion of men and women physician faculty within academic medicine; and to examine the gender concordance among the last and first authors in articles with more than one author.ResultsOf the 2087 articles during the study period, 48% were men physician first authors compared with 17% women physician first authors (p<0.0001). Of the 1477 articles with more than one author, similar distributions were found with regard to last authors: 55% were men physicians compared with only 12% women physicians (p<0.0001). The proportion of women physician first authors increased over time; however, the proportion of women physician last authors remained stagnant. Women coauthored with women in the first and last authorship positions in 9% of articles. In contrast, women coauthored with men in the first and last author positions, respectively, in 55% of articles.ConclusionsWomen physician authors remain under-represented in commentary articles compared with men physician authors in the first and last author positions. Women also coauthored commentaries with other women in far fewer numbers.
Healthcare professionals knowledge, attitude and practice of adverse drug reactions reporting in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gidey Kidu , Seifu Mohammedamin , Hailu Berhane Yohannes , Asgedom Solomon Weldegebreal , Niriayo Yirga Legesse 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting and identify factors associated with ADRs reporting among healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in Tigray region, Ethiopia.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March of 2019 in a tertiary care hospital in Tigray region, Ethiopia. A self-administered, pretested questionnaire was administered to HCPs. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with poor ADRs reporting practices.ResultsIn total, 362 questionnaires were distributed, and the response rate was 84.8% (n=307). Of all respondents, 190 (61.9%) were nurses, 63 (20.5%) were pharmacist and 54 (17.6%) were physicians. About 58.3% of HCPs had poor knowledge of ADRs reporting. The majority of the respondents had a positive attitude (59.9%), and only a few (32.1%) respondents have good ADRs reporting practices. Poor knowledge (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.63, 95% CI: 1.26 to 5.45) and lack of training on ADRs reporting (AOR=7.31, 95% CI: 3.42 to 15.62) were both negatively associated with ADRs reporting practice, whereas higher work experience (≥10 years) (AOR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.97) was positively associated with ADRs reporting practice.ConclusionsThe majority of HCPs had poor knowledge and practice, but a positive attitude towards ADRs reporting. Poor knowledge, less work experience and lack of training were associated with poor ADRs reporting practice. Hence, strategies to improve the knowledge and practice of ADRs reporting should be implemented, particularly for untrained and less experienced HCPs.
Association between blood pressure levels and cardiovascular deaths: a 20-year follow-up study in rural China
Authors: Wang Mengying , Wu Tao , Yu Canqing , Gao Wenjing , Lv Jun , Wu Yiqun , Qin Xueying , Tang Xun , Gao Pei , Zhan Siyan , Cao Weihua , Zhao Qingshui , Huang Shaoping , Yang Dongli , Li Liming , Hu Yonghua 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThe 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) hypertension guideline recommended 130/80 mm Hg as blood pressure (BP) target goals. However, the generalisability of this recommendation to populations at large with hypertension remains controversial. We assessed the association between BP and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) mortality using a 20-year follow-up study among Chinese populations.DesignProspective cohort study.Participants7314 participants were followed up for a median of 20 years in Fangshan District, Beijing, China.MethodsThe primary outcome variable was death from cardiovascular causes. The adjusted HR for CVDs mortality associated with baseline BP was calculated using Cox regression analysis.ResultsWe identified 350 deaths from CVDs (148 stroke, 113 coronary heart disease and 89 other CVDs) during follow-up. Hypertension (defined by systolic BP (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) ≥140/90 mm Hg) was significantly associated with mortality due to CVDs (HR=2.49, 95% CI=1.77 to 3.50) among people aged 35–59 years rather than people aged ≥60 years. In addition, there was no significant association between stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA (SBP/DBP of 130–139/80-89 mm Hg) and CVDs mortality when compared with SBP/DBP of <120/80 in neither the participants aged <60 years (HR=0.90, 95% CI=0.54 to 1.50) nor participants aged ≥60 years (HR=1.47, 95% CI=0.94 to 2.29).ConclusionThe study revealed hypertension of SBP/DBP≥140/90 mm Hg was an important risk factor of CVDs mortality, especially among people aged 35–59 years. However, stage 1 hypertension under the definition of 2017 ACC/AHA was not associated with an increased risk of CVDs mortality. This study indicated that whether adopting the new hypertension definition needs further consideration in rural Chinese populations.
Sensorimotor adaptation and cue reweighting compensate for distorted 3D shape information, accounting for paradoxical perception-action dissociations
Authors: Cesanek Evan , Taylor Jordan A. , Domini Fulvio 
Published: February 2020

Visually guided movements can show surprising accuracy even when the perceived three-dimensional (3D) shape of the target is distorted. One explanation of this paradox is that an evolutionarily specialized “vision-for-action” system provides accurate shape estimates by relying selectively on stereo information and ignoring less reliable sources of shape information like texture and shading. However, the key support for this hypothesis has come from studies that analyze average behavior across many visuomotor interactions where available sensory feedback reinforces stereo information. The present study, which carefully accounts for the effects of feedback, shows that visuomotor interactions with slanted surfaces are actually planned using the same cue-combination function as slant perception and that apparent dissociations can arise due to two distinct supervised learning processes: sensorimotor adaptation and cue reweighting. In two experiments, we show that when a distorted slant cue biases perception (e.g., surfaces appear flattened by a fixed amount), sensorimotor adaptation rapidly adjusts the planned grip orientation to compensate for this constant error. However, when the distorted slant cue is unreliable, leading to variable errors across a set of objects (i.e., some slants are overestimated, others underestimated), then relative cue weights are gradually adjusted to reduce the misleading effect of the unreliable cue, consistent with previous perceptual studies of cue reweighting. The speed and flexibility of these two forms of learning provide an alternative explanation of why perception and action are sometimes found to be dissociated in experiments where some 3D shape cues are consistent with sensory feedback while others are faulty. NEW & NOTEWORTHY When interacting with three-dimensional (3D) objects, sensory feedback is available that could improve future performance via supervised learning. Here we confirm that natural visuomotor interactions lead to sensorimotor adaptation and cue reweighting, two distinct learning processes uniquely suited to resolve errors caused by biased and noisy 3D shape cues. These findings explain why perception and action are often found to be dissociated in experiments where some cues are consistent with sensory feedback while others are faulty.
Llegar y auditar
Authors: Foxley Rioseco Juan 
Published: February 2020

El caso, profusamente descrito. La Polar extendía créditos de consumo y avances en efectivo a sus clientes a tasas altas y ocultaba luego los préstamos impagos disfrazándolos como cartera nueva, abultada pero al día. Eludía así realizar las debidas provisiones contables, inflando artificial y maliciosamente las utilidades esperadas y el valor de la compañía. Continuar leyendo...
Prevalence and seasonal variation of gastrointestinal parasites among captive Northern Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca leonina (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae)
Authors: Lalremruati Phoebe , Solanki G.S. 
Published: February 2020

A study on the prevalence and seasonal variations of gastrointestinal parasites of 12 captive Pig-tailed Macaques Macaca leonina housed at Aizawl Zoological Park, Mizoram, India, was conducted. Fresh stool samples were collected on a monthly basis from the study animals was grouped for two seasons—summer (April–June 2017) and monsoon (July–September 2017). Samples were stored in 10% formalin until further processing. Three methods—direct smear, faecal floatation, and faecal sedimentation were used. Two categories of parasites—protozoa and nematodes were recorded. Balantidium coli, a protozoa, Strongyle, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichiuris trichiura, and nematode parasites were recorded in different stages. Out of 71 samples analysed, 63 samples (88.73%) were positive with ova of gastrointestinal parasites. The prevalence of Balantidium coli was highest with 38.23% and 56.75%, followed by Strongyle 35.29% and 37.83% in summer and monsoon season, respectively. A variation on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was assessed using chi squared tests between monsoon season and summer season. Variation was found to be significant (χ 2=20.569, P˂0.05 and χ 2=10.857, P˂0.05). The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was higher during monsoon season (91.89%) than summer season (85.29%).
Ramifications of reproductive diseases on the recovery of the Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotidae)
Authors: Schaffer Nan E. , Agil Muhammad , Zainuddin Zainal Z. 
Published: February 2020

The Sumatran Rhinoceros Dicerorhinus sumatrensis is on the edge of extinction. The decline of this species was initially attributed to poaching and habitat loss, but evidence presented here indicates that reproductive failure has also been a significant cause of loss, and continues to affect wild populations. Indonesia’s remaining populations of Sumatran Rhino are small and scattered, with limited access to breeding opportunities with unrelated mates. This leaves them subject to inbreeding and isolation-induced infertility, linked to fertility problems analyzed here. Sumatran Rhino females in captivity showed high rates (>70%) of reproductive pathology and/or problems with conception, which has significantly hindered the breeding program. Technological advances enabling examination immediately after capture revealed similarly high rates and types of reproductive problems in individuals from wild populations. The last seven Sumatran Rhino females captured were from areas with small declining populations, and six had reproductive problems. Going forward, capturing similarly compromised animals will take up valuable space and resources needed for fertile animals. The high risk of infertility and difficulty of treating underlying conditions, coupled with the decreasing number of remaining animals, means that the success of efforts to build a viable captive population will depend upon utilizing fertile animals and applying assisted reproductive techniques. Decades of exhaustive in situ surveys have not provided information relevant to population management or to ascertaining the fertility status of individual animals. Thus the first priority should be the capture of individuals as new founders from areas with the highest likelihood of containing fertile rhinos, indicated by recent camera trap photos of mothers with offspring. In Sumatra these areas include Way Kambas and parts of the Leuser ecosystem.
New record of Tulostoma squamosum (Agaricales: Basidiomycota) from India based on morphological features and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Dutta Arun Kumar , Paloi Soumitra , Acharya Krishnendu 
Published: February 2020

Tulostoma squamosum is reported for the first time from India. A comprehensive macro-morphological description, field photographs along with microscopic observations, and comparisons with morphologically similar and phylogenetically related taxa are provided. Nucleotide sequence comparison and an estimation of evolutionary divergence between Tulostoma squamosum sequences across different geographic origin are also provided.
Risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediment at the drinking water source of the Xiangjiang River in South China
Authors: Huang Zhifeng , Liu Chengyou , Zhao Xingru , Dong Jing , Zheng Binghui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Xiangjiang River is an important drinking water resource for the Hunan Province of China. It is crucial to ascertain the pollution status, influencing factors, ecological risks, and possible sources of heavy metals in the sediments of the Xiangjiang River. Sediment is both a source and a sink of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, surface sediment was collected from the Zhuzhou Reach of the Xiangjiang River and eight heavy metals were investigated.ResultsIn all sediment samples, all eight heavy metals were detected and their average concentration fell in the order of Zn > Pb > As > Cu > Cr > Ni > Cd > Co. Assessment shows extremely serious Cd pollution and a very high potential ecological risk from Cd. According to correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), As, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn originate from industrial wastewater and mineral smelting activities, whereas Co, Cr, and Ni come from natural sources. Redundancy analysis (RDA) reveals that the organic matter content and the particle size of the sediment have a certain influence on the enrichment of heavy metals.ConclusionAmong all eight examined heavy metals in the surveyed area, the content of Zn, Pb, and As is the highest, and that of Cd and Co is the lowest. Despite a low level of absolute content, the Cd in sediment already renders a high ecological risk and thus calls for urgent attention. Anthropogenic activities are the main source of heavy metals in the sediment. The distribution of heavy metals may also be influenced by sediment properties. The results provide guidance for controlling heavy metal pollution and protecting drinking water sources in the Xiangjiang River.