bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Screening of Different Polyglycerin‐Based Dienophile Macromonomers for Efficient Nanogel Formation through IEDDA Inverse Nanoprecipitation
Authors: Oehrl Alexander , Schötz Sebastian , Haag Rainer 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlternatives for strain‐promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) chemistries are needed because of the employment of expensive and not easily scalable precursors such as bicyclo[6.1.0]non‐4‐yne (BCN). Inverse electron demand Diels Alder (iEDDA)‐based click chemistries, using dienophiles and tetrazines, offer a more bioorthogonal and faster toolbox, especially in the biomedical field. Here, the straightforward synthesis of dendritic polyglycerin dienophiles (dPG‐dienophiles) and dPG‐methyl‐tetrazine (dPG‐metTet) as macromonomers for a fast, stable, and scalable nanogel formation by inverse nanoprecipitation is reported. Nanogel size–influencing parameters are screened such as macromonomer concentration and water‐to‐acetone ratio are screened. dPG‐norbonene and dPG‐cyclopropene show fast and stable nanogel formation in the size range of 40–200 nm and are thus used for the coprecipitation of the model protein myoglobin. High encapsulation efficiencies of more than 70% at a 5 wt% feed ratio are obtained in both cases, showing the suitability of the mild gelation chemistry for the encapsulation of small proteins.
circMTDH.4/miR‐630/AEG‐1 axis participates in the regulation of proliferation, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and radioresistance of NSCLC
Authors: Li Ying‐Hong , Xu Chun‐Lin , He Chang‐Jun , Pu Hai‐Hong , Liu Jing‐Lei , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAstrocyte elevated gene‐1 (AEG‐1) plays a critical role in the development, progression, and metastasis of a variety of cancers, including non‐small–cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of the current study is to unravel the upstream signaling of AEG‐1. A cohort of 28 NSCLC tissues and 30 normal tissues were collected. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to examine AEG‐1, migration, and invasion related markers in NSCLC cells. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay coupled with colony formation assay were conducted to monitor cell growth. Transwell assay was performed to determine cell migration and invasion. Apoptotic cells were detected by costaining with Annexin‐V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide. Immunofluorescent staining was used to observe the levels of migration and invasion related markers. Xenograft models were used to investigate tumor formation in vivo. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation were carried out to determine the interaction between circMTDH.4 and miR‐630, as well as the associated between miR‐630 and AEG‐1. AEG‐1 was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Silencing of AEG‐1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance/radioresistance in NCI‐H1650 and A549 cells. circMTDH.4 regulated AEG‐1 expression via sponging miR‐630. Knockdown of circMTDH.4 and/or overexpression of miR‐630 inhibited chemoresistance and radioresistance in NSCLC cells, whereas overexpression of AEG‐1 or knockdown of miR‐630 exerted rescue effects. circMTDH.4/miR‐630/AEG‐1 axis is responsible for chemoresistance and radioresistance in NSCLC cells.
The SNP rs4846048 of MTHFR enhances the cervical cancer risk through association with miR‐522: A preliminary report
Authors: Zhou Xinyue , Shan Lili , Na Jing , Li Ya , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present research was designed to explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and the risk of cervical cancer (CC).MethodsFrom May 2015 to October 2016, a total of 197 patients (diagnosed with CC and precancerous lesions, and underwent surgical treatments) were enrolled in the study. Meanwhile, a total of 80 healthy cases were used as the controls. PCR‐DNA analysis was used to explore the genotype of the SNPs (rs4846048 and rs55763075) of the MTHFR 3′‐UTR as well as the association between allelic frequencies and the CC risk. Then, the role of rs4846048 SNPs in the association of microRNA‐522 (miR‐522) and MTHFR was evaluated through luciferase reporter assay. Meanwhile, the modulatory influence of miR‐522 on cell apoptosis and viability of Hela cells was also detected by flow cytometry and MTT assay.ResultsThe rs4846048 AG and G allele frequencies were significantly higher in CC subgroup compared with the control group. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase rs4846048 A/G alleles contributed to miR‐522 binding, and miR‐522 negatively modulated the expressions of MTHFR. Furthermore, miR‐522 overexpression increased cell viability but decreased apoptotic cells in Hela cells.ConclusionThe preliminary report revealed that the SNP rs4846048 of MTHFR enhanced the risk of CC through association with miR‐522, which further regulated cell viability and apoptosis in Hela cells.
Numeric solution of advection–diffusion equations by a discrete time random walk scheme
Authors: Angstmann Christopher N. , Henry Bruce I. , Jacobs Byron A. , McGann Anna V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExplicit numerical finite difference schemes for partial differential equations are well known to be easy to implement but they are particularly problematic for solving equations whose solutions admit shocks, blowups, and discontinuities. Here we present an explicit numerical scheme for solving nonlinear advection–diffusion equations admitting shock solutions that is both easy to implement and stable. The numerical scheme is obtained by considering the continuum limit of a discrete time and space stochastic process for nonlinear advection–diffusion. The stochastic process is well posed and this guarantees the stability of the scheme. Several examples are provided to highlight the importance of the formulation of the stochastic process in obtaining a stable and accurate numerical scheme.
Phytochemical analysis of mite‐infested tea leaves of Darjeeling Hills, India
Authors: Banerjee Piu , Islam Md Moinul , Laha Arghya , Biswas Himani , Saha Nimai Chandra , Saha Goutam Kumar , Sarkar Debjani , Bhattacharya Srijit , Podder Sanjoy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionDarjeeling tea of India is one of the most famous beverages globally. However, a large amount of tea crop is damaged every year by the attack of mites.ObjectivesThe study aimed to determine the changes in different pigments and biochemical components of tea leaves due to mite infestation.Materials and MethodsWe used UV‐visible and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy simultaneously to understand the damages in pigment contents of the leaves of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) due to attack of phytophagus mite, Oligonychus coffeae Nietner. Furthermore, chemical analysis of infested tea leaves was also performed to compare the nutrients of the plants, namely total phenol, protein and soluble sugar.ResultsThe UV‐visible study reveals severe reduction of the pigments such as chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids and xanthophylls in the tea leaf due to mite infestation. The findings of the FTIR study, also shows variation in different physiochemical components in the leaf Chl. The sugar and protein content of the infested leaves have been reduced compared to uninfested ones. Results in the case of tea leaves plucked during first (March) and third (November) flushes show similar trends.ConclusionThe increase in phenolic and alcoholic components and decrease in Chl contents may affect the quality of Darjeeling tea. The extent of damages done by the pests measured here could aid the pest management in tea gardens.
Thyroid hormone replacement therapy patterns in pregnant women and perinatal outcomes in the offspring
Authors: Frank Anna S. , Lupattelli Angela , Matteson David S. , Meltzer Helle Margrete , Nordeng Hedvig 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeIt remains unknown to what degree thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT) during and initiation after pregnancy determines pregnancy outcomes. The present study primarily aimed to quantify the impact of THRT patterns (including trajectories) on gestational age, birth weight, and head circumference of infants. The secondary aim was to compare results of trajectory with traditional analysis.MethodsWe combined data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) to other Norwegian registry data and the Norwegian Environmental Biobank. The study population included 54 020 women enrolled in MoBa in 2005 to 2008. On the basis of prescription records, we classified women into nonhypothyroid (n = 51 390; reference group), THRT after delivery (n = 1397), or medicated (n = 1233) groups. Applying Group‐Based‐Trajectory Models (GBTMs), we determined THRT trajectories among women in the medicated group. Propensity score weighting linked multiple treatment groups to pregnancy outcomes.ResultsPatterns were identified among women using medication during (Decreasing‐Low, Increasing‐Medium, Constant‐Medium, and Constant‐High) and after pregnancy. Women in the Increasing‐Medium (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 1.69; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.06‐2.73) and the THRT after delivery (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.42) groups had increased risk of giving birth to an LGA infant. In the traditional analysis, only women in the THRT after delivery group showed increased risk for an LGA infant (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.42). We found no other differential effect among the five THRT patterns on the other outcomes.ConclusionsWomen with THRT after delivery or late onset THRT treatment showed increased risk of LGA infants.
A Pilot Study Testing a Novel 3D Printed Amphibious Lower Limb Prosthesis in a Recreational Pool Setting
Authors: Goldstein Todd , Oreste Anthony , Hutnick Glenn , Chory Ashley , Chehata Veronica , Seldin Joseph , Gallo Michael D. , Bloom Ona 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionAdults with limb amputation and other physical disabilities are less likely to participate in physical activity than adults in the general population and have elevated risk of heart disease and stroke. Swimming is a physical activity often recommended for persons with limb amputation. However, a standard economical swim prosthesis that facilitates easy transition from land to water does not exist.ObjectiveThe objectives were (1) to measure ease of first‐time use and likability of a novel U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–cleared 510(k) three‐dimensional (3D) printed device, the “FIN,” in a recreational pool; and (2) to determine differences in time to complete basic swim tasks using the novel 3D printed amphibious lower limb prosthesis or a standard Swim Ankle prosthesis. Our hypotheses were the following: (1) that the novel 3D printed amphibious lower limb prosthesis would be easy and likeable upon first use; and (2) that basic swim tasks would take comparable time to complete with either device.SettingAcademic medical center and community pool in New York.ParticipantsParticipants were (N = 10) English‐speaking adults with a transtibial amputation who self‐identified to swim comfortably in a recreational setting.InterventionsParticipants completed tasks typical of recreational swimming while wearing the novel 3D printed amphibious lower limb prosthesis or a Swim Ankle.Main Outcome MeasurementsParticipants performed a series of recreational swim tasks at self‐selected speeds: entering/exiting pool, walking, swimming, and treading water, and completed a survey to assess the primary outcomes: likability, ease of use, and adverse events (feasibility).ResultsParticipants found the novel 3D printed amphibious lower limb prosthesis more likable compared to the Swim Ankle and easy to use. Time to exit the pool was significantly reduced with the novel 3D printed amphibious lower limb prosthesis, while time to complete a 25‐m lap was comparable. Participants did not show significant changes in vital signs when using either prosthesis.ConclusionsThe novel 3D printed amphibious lower limb prosthesis was likable and easy to use upon first use. This study supports conducting a larger clinical trial to determine if the data are broadly reproducible.
Assessment of Penetration Performance and Optimum Design of a Bore‐Center Annular Shaped Charge
Authors: Xu Wenlong , Wang Cheng , Yuan Jianming , Zhang Zhifan , Deng Tao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo improve penetration performance of the classical conical shaped charge, a bore‐center annular shaped charge (BCASC) was designed and effects of key parameters on its formation and penetration into concrete targets were investigated numerically and experimentally. As a result, suitable parameters of the BCASC, which comprehensive consideration of penetration hole diameter and depth into concrete targets, were provided. Subsequently, tests of the optimized BCASC penetration into single‐layer and double‐layer concrete targets were performed. The results indicate that, for all the cases, the diameters of the rear crater are larger than that of the front ones. The influence of factors h (standoff distance) and f (the radial distance between the center of the inner and outer liner wall) on the diameters of the front crater, the penetrating tunnel, and the rear crater are greater than that of other factors. The diameters of the front crater and the penetrating tunnel decrease with the increase of factors h and f. The penetration depth of optimized BCASC into concrete exceeds 3.0 times of the charge diameter (D). Hole diameters of penetrating tunnels are larger than the charge diameter. For the single‐layer concrete target, the hole diameter of the penetrating tunnel is 2.26D. And, for the double‐layer concrete target, the hole diameters of the first and second layers are 1.41D and 1.33D, respectively.
Preparing for higher inflation: Portfolio solutions using U.S. equities
Authors: Parikh Harsh , Malladi Rama K. , Fabozzi Frank J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInvestors have always been interested in reducing inflation risk in their portfolios. However, investors face different types of inflation than those measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Moreover, different asset classes can be used to hedge portfolio inflation. In this paper, we show how individual equities can be used to construct equity portfolios sensitive to customized inflation targets. We illustrate portfolios for three types of inflation: US headline CPI, Forbes Cost of Living Extremely Well Index, and the US Medical Care Price Index. We also show how alternative weighting schemes, such as minimum volatility and maximum inflation beta, can be used to construct inflation‐hedged portfolios.
Assisted reproductive technology in Japan: A summary report for 2017 by the Ethics Committee of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Ishihara Osamu , Jwa Seung Chik , Kuwahara Akira , Katagiri Yukiko , Kuwabara Yoshimitsu , Hamatani Toshio , Harada Miyuki , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG) has collected cycle‐based assisted reproductive technology (ART) data in an online registry since 2007. Herein, we present the characteristics and treatment outcomes of ART cycles registered during 2017.MethodsWe collected cycle‐specific information for all ART cycles implemented at participating facilities and performed descriptive analysis.ResultsIn total, 448,210 treatment cycles and 56,617 neonates (1 in 16.7 neonates born in Japan) were reported in 2017, increased from 2016; the number of initiated fresh cycles decreased for the first time ever. The mean patient age was 38.0 years (standard deviation 4.6). A total 110,641 of 245,205 egg retrieval cycles (45.1%) were freeze‐all cycles; fresh embryo transfer (ET) was performed in 55,720 cycles. A total 194,415 frozen‐thawed ET cycles were reported, resulting in 66,881 pregnancies and 47,807 neonates born. Single ET (SET) was performed in 81.8% of fresh transfers and 83.4% of frozen cycles, with singleton pregnancy/live birth rates of 97.5%/97.3% and 96.7%/96.6%, respectively.ConclusionsTotal ART cycles and subsequent live births increased continuously in 2017, whereas the number of initiated fresh cycles decreased. SET was performed in over 80% of cases, and ET shifted from using fresh embryos to frozen ones.
Boundary antisaturation vibration control design for a flexible Timoshenko robotic manipulator
Authors: Zhao Zhijia , Ahn Choon Ki 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis article focuses on the angle positioning and vibration isolation of flexible Timoshenko manipulators possessing extraneous disturbances and saturation nonlinearities. Boundary control strategies with auxiliary systems are presented to achieve the expected angle, suppress the shear deformation and elastic oscillation, and mitigate the saturation nonlinearities effect. With the constructed controllers, a controlled system is ensured and certified to be exponentially stable. The simulation and comparison results show the control performance of the suggested approach.
Robust design of iterative learning control for a batch process described by 2D Roesser system with packet dropouts and time‐varying delays
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Hou Xiaorong 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBatch process, working as a best choice for low‐volume and high‐value products in manufacturing, has been widely used in chemical industries. The actuator faults and time delays often occur in practical production. This paper develops an iterative learning control (ILC) design for a batch process described by two‐dimensional (2D) Roesser system with packet dropouts and time‐varying delays. The phenomenon of actuator faults is regarded as an arbitrary stochastic sequence satisfying the Bernoulli random binary distribution. Firstly, the ILC design for a batch process is transformed into stability analysis for a 2D stochastic system with time‐varying delays. Secondly, for analyzing the stability of 2D stochastic systems, we derive the stability condition in terms of linear matrix inequality. Then, we give a procedure to get the control gain for the ILC design. An injection modeling process as an example with simulations in different cases of data dropout is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Furthermore, the proposed method has a better result by comparing the existing methods.
Automatically identifying valid API versions for software development tutorials on the Web
Authors: Nishi Manziba Akanda , Damevski Kostadin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOnline tutorials are a valuable source of community‐created information used by numerous developers to learn new APIs and techniques. Once written, tutorials are rarely actively curated and can become dated over time. Tutorials often reference APIs that change rapidly, and deprecated classes, methods, and fields can render tutorials inapplicable to newer releases of the API. Newer tutorials may not be compatible with older APIs that are still in use.In this paper, we first empirically study the tutorial versioning problem, confirming its presence in popular tutorials on the Web. We subsequently propose a technique, based on similar techniques in the literature, for automatically detecting the applicable API version ranges of tutorials, given access to the official API documentation they reference. The proposed technique identifies each API mention in a tutorial and maps the mention to the corresponding API element in the official documentation. The version of the tutorial is determined by combining the version ranges of all of the constituent API mentions. Our technique's precision varies from 61% to 89% and recall varies from 42% to 84% based on different levels of granularity of API mentions and different problem constraints. We observe API methods are the most challenging to accurately disambiguate due to method overloading. As the API mentions in tutorials are often redundant, and each mention of a specific API element commonly occurs several times in a tutorial, the distance of the predicted version range from the true version range is low: 3.61 on average for the tutorials in our sample.
Genomic Characterization of Coho Salmon Spawning Populations from the Hood Canal
Authors: Bohling Justin , Von Bargen Jennifer , Bahls Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe investigated the genetic structure among Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch spawning populations in the Hood Canal of western Washington State, USA. Freshwater tributaries that drain into this marine fjord support natural production of Coho Salmon. Furthermore, there is a hatchery that produces a stock of Coho Salmon genetically distinct from local natural‐origin populations. Both stocks support multiple fisheries in the Hood Canal, which would benefit from data regarding the extent of gene flow between the tributaries themselves and also with the hatchery stock. We used restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing to generate genomic data, which we aligned to the Coho Salmon reference genome to identify variants. Over 30,000 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were identified among the 420 samples we sequenced. There was little genetic differentiation between Coho Salmon sampled from the tributaries, suggesting that they form a genetically homogeneous population. In contrast, the local hatchery stock was highly differentiated from the tributary spawning populations. Distinct genetic groups emerged from the hatchery samples that corresponded to broodlines on a 3‐year cycle, likely due to low levels of inclusion of 2‐year‐old jacks in hatchery propagation. Hybridization between the hatchery stock and natural populations appeared to be low, and few of the returning adults sampled in the local tributaries had high genetic assignment to this stock. Our results provide insights into the population dynamics of naturally spawning populations of Coho Salmon in the Hood Canal and the extent of gene flow with a highly differentiated hatchery stock. These data will inform fisheries management, including the potential impact of harvest on naturally produced Coho Salmon, and have implications for hatchery propagation in this region.
Estimated incidence per population of adverse drug reactions to Kampo medicines from the Japanese adverse drug event report database (JADER)
Authors: Arai Ichiro , Harada Yusuke , Koda Hiroshi , Tsutani Kiichiro , Motoo Yoshiharu 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTAimLittle information is available on the incidence per population of adverse drug reactions (ADR) to Kampo medicines. We estimated the incidence of ADRs for each Kampo medicine and examined the crude drug components of Kampo medicines that may cause ADRs.MethodsWe extracted information on ADRs caused by Kampo medicines from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database (JADER) between fiscal years 2008 and 2014. The number of people who took Kampo medicines was estimated based on the production value of the Kampo formulation, the drug price, and the duration of administration.ResultsThe incidences of interstitial pneumonia and liver disorder were highest for formulations that contained Scutellaria root. However, 33% of interstitial pneumonia and 39% of liver disorder cases were reported for formulations that did not contain Scutellaria root. The majority of pseudoaldosteronism cases were caused by formulations that contained Glycyrrhiza. Mesenteric phlebosclerosis occurred most commonly in response to formulations that contained Gardenia fruit. The incidences of these ADRs varied among formulations containing these crude drugs. Odds ratio analysis indicated that additional crude drugs may have also been responsible for these ADRs. In addition, some crude drugs may prevent these ADRs.ConclusionEstimation of the incidence of ADRs caused by Kampo medicines could be a prelude to a new risk management plan, and may focus attention on formulations and crude drug components associated with previously unindicated risks.