bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agroforestry, grass, biofuel crop, and row‐crop management effects on soil water dynamics for claypan landscapes
Authors: Alagele Salah M. , Anderson Stephen H. , Udawatta Ranjith P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoil water use and water storage vary by vegetative management practices, and these practices affect land productivity and hydrologic processes. This study investigated the effects of agroforestry buffers (AB), grass buffers (GB), and biofuel crops (BC), relative to row crops (RC) on soil water use for a claypan soil in northern Missouri, USA. The experiment located at the Greenley Memorial Research Center included RC, AB, GB, and BC established in 1991, 1997, 1997, and 2012, respectively. Soil water reflectometer sensors installed at 5‐, 10‐, 20‐, and 40‐cm depths monitored soil water from April to November in 2017 and 2018. Results showed significant differences in weekly volumetric water content (VWC) among treatments for all four soil depths in 2017 and 2018. Treatments of AB, GB, and BC had lower VWC (16, 37, and 18% on 9 June), (31, 35, and 20% on 18 August), and (43, 49, and 35% on 29 September) in 2017 and (46, 70, and 19% on 24 August) and (31, 34, and 17% on 5 October) in 2018, respectively, in the pre‐recharge periods for the 5‐cm depth compared with the RC. In the post‐recharge period, equal or occasionally slightly higher soil water occurred in the buffer and biofuel treatments compared to the RC. During recharge, larger increases in soil water due to better infiltration were observed in the perennial vegetative practices relative to RC. The results showed that these practices could significantly influence soil water use and storage compared to RC management, especially for eroded claypan landscapes.
Historicizing entrepreneurial networks
Authors: Hollow Matthew 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch summaryIn recent years, there has been increased interest in the role of context in different entrepreneurial processes. This article builds on this line of research by deploying a microhistorical‐informed approach to contextualize and make sense of the ways in which the correspondence network of the nineteenth‐century British entrepreneur, Isaac Holden, changed over time. In the process, it contributes to our understanding of entrepreneurial networks by illustrating: (a) how networking activities take place through specific communication platforms with their own socio‐technical qualities; (b) how entrepreneurs have the capacity to actively shape and co‐create the context within which their networking activity takes place; and (c) how entrepreneurial networking activity can take place in conjunction with—or as a result of—networking activity in other social movements.Managerial AbstractFor entrepreneurs, having an effective network of trusted contacts can be the difference between success and failure. But what happens to these relationships when (or if) the entrepreneur achieves commercial success? Do they change? This article advances our understanding in this respect by providing an in‐depth analysis of how, and why, the personal network of Isaac Holden—a British wool manufacturing entrepreneur from the Victorian era—changed over time. In the process, it provides interesting insights into how political, social, cultural, and technological factors have the capacity to shape the way that entrepreneurial networks change and evolve over time.
Jatropha Oil Cake Based Activated Carbon for Symmetric Supercapacitor Application: A Comparative Study on Conventional and Hydrothermal Carbonization Processes
Authors: Siva Sankari M. , Vivekanandhan S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractJatropha oilcake (JOC), a major agro industrial co‐product was effectively converted into activated carbons employing KOH mediated chemical process for supercapacitor applications. The activated carbons were synthesized by employing conventional (CC) as well as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) processes and investigated their impact on their physicochemical properties. The graphitization degree of the pristine and activated biocarbons was investigated through XRD and RAMAN analysis. BET surface area analysis showed the enhanced specific surface area of the pristine carbons from 71.5 (CC) and 48.1 (HTC) m2/g into 678.1 (CC) and 746.7 m2/g (HTC) through KOH activation. The synthesized activated biocarbon materials were explored as the electrode material for supercapacitors. The electrochemical analysis of the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor showed the specific capacitance of 145.76 F/g and 174.78 F/g at 1 A/g for the activated biocarbons obtained respectively through conventional and hydrothermal carbonization processes. Also, they showed considerable energy density of 5.28 Whkg−1 (CC) and 6.49 Whkg−1 (HTC) at a power density of 248.6 and 265.09 W kg−1. Among the two different approaches, the hydrothermal process showed great promise for the production of renewable biomass‐derived activated biocarbon materials for supercapacitor applications.
The Effects of Concentration and Particle Size of TiO2 on the Dielectric Properties of Polyolefin‐Based Microwave Substrates
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Wu Bo , Mao Xin , Deng Ting , Li Rong , Xu Yi , Tang Xianzhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFibre‐reinforced polybutadiene/ styrene‐butadiene‐styrene triblock copolymer/ ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer/titanium dioxide (PB/SBS/EPDM/TiO2) composite laminates with superior dielectric properties were fabricated by impregnation and hot pressing. The effects of concentration and particle size of rutile spherical TiO2 on the microwave dielectric properties of the PB/SBS/EPDM/TiO2 composite laminates were investigated at microwave frequency region. Additionally, the mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties of the laminates were also evaluated. Results indicated that the dielectric properties were obviously improved with the increase of concentration or the decrease of particle size. The laminate filled with 230 nm TiO2 at a filler loading of 70 wt% possessed high dielectric constant (7.03, 10 GHz), low dielectric loss (0.0042, 10 GHz), outstanding mechanical, thermal properties, and low water absorption. Enhanced dielectric properties and other prominent properties enable the fibre‐reinforced polyolefin‐based composite laminates to be a potential candidate for microwave substrate applications.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Triptorelin Analogs Containing Tetrazole Moiety
Authors: Sohbati Hamidreza , Alipour Mohsen , Hosseinkhani Saman , Balalaie Saeed , Hamdan Fatima 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe design and synthesis of novel bioisosteric analogues of triptorelin acetate containing tetrazole moiety at C‐ or N‐terminus of the peptides is described. Tetrazole acetic acid was synthesized through the reaction of an alkyl cyanoacetate and sodium azide, after that, it was coupled to the N‐terminus of triptorelin instead of pyroglutamic acid. In another approach, tetrazole acetohydrazide was prepared and conjugated to the C‐terminus of triptorelin instead of the amide bond. The synthesized peptides containing tetrazole moiety at the C‐ or N‐terminus of the peptide sequence are peptidomimetics of triptorelin acetate. The docking results of the designed derivatives showed the same interaction of triptorelin with the receptor but with a higher score.The peptide that has tetrazole moiety in its C‐terminus, restricted the testosterone level during four weeks of in vivo study and led to keep testosterone at a moderate level during the first week compared to control.
Chemical Synthesis of Six‐Atom Thioether Bridged Diaminodiacid for Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Peptide Disulfide Bond Mimics
Authors: Chen Junyou , Sun Shuaishuai , Zhao Rui , Xi Chen‐Peng , Qiu Wenjie , Wang Ning , Wang Ya , Bierer Donald , Shi Jing , Li Yi‐Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSolid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) strategy based on diaminodiacids had become an effective method for the synthesis of disulfide‐containing polypeptides. At present, it remains necessary to develop a diaminodiacid with more abundant chain structures to study the structure‐activity relationship. In this work, we developed a new type of diaminodiacids containing a six‐atom thioether (C−C‐S−C‐C−C, C−C‐C−S‐C−C) bridge. The key segment protected homo‐homocystine can be efficiently obtained by converting a side chain carboxyl group into a thiol group, which contribute to the facile and efficient synthesis of new diaminodiacid. With this diaminodiacid in hand, we successfully obtained tachyplesin containing new disulfide bond mimic by solid phase peptide synthesis. The tachyplesin analog not only has similar activity as natural counterpart, but also exhibits increased stability under reducing conditions.
Recyclable Itaconic Acid with Water as Green Catalytic System: Synthesis of Substituted 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives at Room Temperature
Authors: Tamuli Kashyap J. , Bordoloi Manobjyoti 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe construction of new C–N chemical bonds through co‐condensation reaction in water media as sole solvent, especially without the use of any metal catalyst has undergoes green protocols. Herein, we describe a water‐mediated and metal‐free mild protocol for easily accessing of structurally and electronically diverse 1,5‐benzodiazepine analogous by using biodegradable naturally occurring itaconic acid (20 mol%) in 30 minutes with excellent yields. The simplicity in reaction operation, reusability of the catalytic system and simple filtration to get the desired product make this reaction as “green synthetic pathway” upto multi gram scale level.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis Using Nb2O5 and a Theoretical‐Experimental Study of Solvent Effect in New Rhodamine Dyes
Authors: Sacoman Torquato da Silva Bruno Henrique , Olbera Riehl Luiza , Carvalho dos Santos Giovanny , Carlos Roldao Juan , da Silva‐Filho Luiz Carlos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRhodamine dyes have several applications based on properties, such as high molar absorptivity, high fluorescence quantum yield, photostability, absorption and emission wavelengths in the visible region. In this paper, we describe the solvent‐free synthesis of rhodamines between m‐aminophenol derivatives (3‐dimethylamino and 3‐diethylaminophenol) and phthalic anhydride derivatives (with and without halogens in the benzene ring) using Nb2O5 as catalyst. The compounds were produced in high yields (79 to 90%) within one hour of reaction time and with catalyst recovery. Additionally, a solvatochromic study of rhodamine derivatives was described. These compounds have absorption and emission bands at wavelengths in the visible region and a high quantum yield that potentially makes them good dyes for use in electronic devices (e. g. lasers, OLEDs). The DFT calculations provided a basis for understanding the effect of the solvent on the structural forms of rhodamine and corroborated with the experimental data, where the zwitterionic form is predominant in polar solvents, while in apolar solvents the lactonic form is the most stable.
Influence of Support Properties and Particle Size on the Gold‐Catalyzed Base‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Sun Weixiao , Gao Tianqi , Zhu Guanghui , Cao Qiue , Fang Wenhao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSelective oxidation of biomass platform molecule 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into valuable bio‐monomer 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is an important biorefinery process. In our work, the structure‐activity relationship of Au nanoparticles supported on the composite of hydrotalcite and activated carbon (HT‐AC) toward selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA without a base was studied with a focus on the influence of support property and Au particles size. The initial conversion rate of substrates and the intrinsic selectivity of products were investigated. Various physicochemical techniques including XRD, Raman, XPS, CO2‐TPD and TEM were used to characterize the HT‐AC supports and the Au/HT‐AC catalysts. Synergistic support effect was observed when HT and AC were combined to show the features of both basic sites and oxygen‐containing functional groups attached to the catalyst surface, which eventually promoted the adsorption of HMF and the formation of FDCA. The Au NPs were found in metallic state and highly dispersed with a mean size of 2.5 nm, which was favored to efficiently convert HMF to FDCA. It was disclosed that both the support effect and Au size effect could promote FDCA production through accelerating the conversion rate of HMF and HMFCA, and the rate‐determining step was determined in HMFCA transformation.
Single‐Atom Iron‐Nitrogen Catalytic Site with Graphitic Nitrogen for Efficient Electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Zhu Ying , Li Xueyan , Wang Xingpu , Lv Kuilin , Xiao Guozheng , Feng Jingjing , Jiang Xiaohui , Fang Mingwei , Zhu Ying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO) and other useful fuels/chemicals offers a green and promising technical solution for alleviating greenhouse effect and creating economic benefits. Herein, we developed a single‐atom Fe dispersed on N‐doped carbons nanosheet (Fe−SA/NCS−X) for CO2 electroreduction by direct pyrolysis of hemin‐doped polyaniline fabricated by in‐situ chemical polymerization. The Fe‐SA/NCS‐700 achieved a Faraday efficiency of CO up to 87 % at −0.45 V vs. RHE, a low onset overpotential of 105 mV and remarkable durability with the current density being maintained for 10 h constant electrocatalysis, which were comparable to the latest reported single‐atom catalysts. The Tafel slope of Fe‐SA/NCS‐700 was measured to be about 67 mV/dec, close to theoretical value of 59 mV/dec, which indicated a rapid pre‐equilibrating one‐electron transfer followed by a rate‐determining reaction step. DFT calculations revealed that the graphitic N species can synergistically improve the catalytic activities of Fe‐N4 sites of Fe‐SA/NCS−X by significantly lowering the free energy barriers of *COOH intermediate formation, thus promoting CO2 electroreduction to CO.
Nanomolar Synthesis in Droplet Microarrays with UV‐Triggered On‐Chip Cell Screening
Authors: Brehm Marius , Heissler Stefan , Afonin Sergii , Levkin Pavel A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMiniaturization and parallelization of combinatorial organic synthesis is important to accelerate the process of drug discovery while reducing the consumption of reagents and solvents. This work presents a miniaturized platform for on‐chip solid‐phase combinatorial library synthesis with UV‐triggered on‐chip cell screening. The platform is based on a nanoporous polymer coating on a glass slide, which is modified via photolithography to yield arrays of hydrophilic (HL) spots surrounded by superhydrophobic (SH) surface. The combination of HL spots and SH background enables confinement of nanoliter droplets, functioning as miniaturized reactors for the solid‐phase synthesis. The polymer serves as support for nanomolar solid‐phase synthesis, while a photocleavable linker enables the release of the synthesized compounds into the droplets containing live cells. A 588 compound library of bisamides is synthesized via a four‐component Ugi reaction on the chip and products are detected via stamping of the droplet array onto a conductive substrate and subsequent matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The light‐induced cleavage shows high flexibility in screening conditions by spatial, temporal, and quantitative control.
Prelithiated V2C MXene: A High‐Performance Electrode for Hybrid Magnesium/Lithium‐Ion Batteries by Ion Cointercalation
Authors: Liu Fanfan , Liu Yongchang , Zhao Xudong , Liu Kunyang , Yin Haiqing , Fan Li‐Zhen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe pursuit of high reversible capacity and long cycle life for rechargeable batteries has gained extensive attention in recent years, and the development of applicable electrode materials is the key point. Herein, thanks to the preintercalation of lithium ions, a stable and highly conductive nanostructure of V2C MXene is successfully fabricated via a facile self‐discharge mechanism, which provides open spaces for rapid ion diffusion and guarantees fast electron transport. Taking the prelithiated V2C as electrode, an outstanding initial coulombic efficiency of 80% and an impressive capacity retention of ≈98% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles are achieved for lithium‐ion batteries. Especially, it demonstrates a fascinating reversible capacity of up to 230.3 mA h g−1 at 0.02 A g−1 and a long cycling life of 82% capacity retention over 480 cycles in the hybrid magnesium/lithium‐ion batteries. In addition, the Mg2+ and Li+ ions cointercalation mechanism of the prelithiated V2C is elucidated through ex situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations. This work not only offers an effective approach to compensate the large initial lithium loss of high‐capacity anode materials but also opens up a new and viable avenue to develop promising hybrid Mg/Li‐storage materials with eminent electrochemical performance.
Big data deployment in containerized infrastructures through the interconnection of network namespaces
Authors: Sauvanaud Carla , Dholakia Ajay , Guitart Jordi , Kim Chulho , Mayes Peter 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBig Data applications tackle the challenge of fast handling of large streams of data. Their performance is not only dependent on the data frameworks implementation and the underlying hardware but also on the deployment scheme and its potential for fast scaling. Consequently, several efforts have focused on the ease of deployment of Big Data applications, notably through the use of containerization. This technology was indeed raised to bring multitenancy and multiprocessing out of clusters, providing high deployment flexibility through lightweight container images. Recent studies have focused mostly on Docker containers. Notwithstanding, this article is actually interested in recent Singularity containers as they provide more security and support high‐performance computing (HPC) environments and, in this way, they can make Big Data applications benefit from the specialized hardware of HPC. Singularity 2.x, however, does not isolate network resources as required by most Big Data components. Singularity 3.x allows allocating each container with isolated network resources, but their interconnection requires a nontrivial amount of configuration effort. In this context, this article makes a functional contribution in the form of a deployment scheme based on the interconnection of network namespaces, through underlay and overlay networking approaches, to make Big Data applications easily deployable inside Singularity containers. We provide detailed account of our deployment scheme when using both interconnection approaches in the form of a “how‐to‐do‐it” report, and we evaluate it by comparing three Big Data applications based on Hadoop when performing on a bare‐metal infrastructure and on scenarios involving Singularity and Docker instances.
Underestimation of Jingle Fallacy Influences on Systems Acquisitions
Authors: Robinson Fred Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis research paper analyzes the experiences of participants on projects at various stages of systems acquisition where jingle fallacy miscommunications impacted their projects' execution and outcomes. The participant's experiences, collected as part of a larger phenomenological study, represent both government and commercial project executions, primarily related to information technology solutions along with some hardware‐centric projects. This analysis focuses particularly on establishing a sharedness of participants' experiences and similarity of influences through disparate jingle fallacies across diverse acquisitions. The research findings regarding the participant's experiences reflect a common evolution of their jingle fallacy's lifecycles and their acquisition project impacts.
Template‐Dependent (Ir)reversibility of Noncovalent Synthesis Pathways
Authors: Chandrabhas Sushmitha , Olivo Michele , Prins Leonard J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNon‐covalent synthesis aims at exploiting non‐covalent interactions for the controlled hierarchical assembly of nanostructures. Just as the covalent synthesis of molecules is affected by the conditions under which the chemical reaction is carried out, the outcome of a non‐covalent synthesis process can be likewise affected by the experimental pathway in case the assembled structures are kinetic, rather than thermodynamic, products. Here, we show that the ATP‐templated formation of metallo‐amphiphile assemblies results in different kinetically stable structures depending on the self‐assembly pathway. Interconversion between the different assembled states is not possible and neither is ATP subject to enzymatic hydrolysis which would convert the system back to the unassembled state. The high stability of the different assembly states is a result of the strong interaction between ATP and the metallo‐amphiphile. Indeed, the use of AMP as a weakly interacting template leads to thermodynamically stable assemblies which can be transitioned between different states. The results underline that control over the kinetic processes that regulate self‐assembly is a fundamental tool for the hierarchical self‐assembly of complex nanostructures and the development of energy‐driven synthetic systems.
Combining industrial and urban water‐reuse concepts for increasing the water resources in water‐scarce regions
Authors: Bauer Sonja , Linke Hans Joachim , Wagner Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWater scarcity is a huge challenge for industrial and urban developments. As such developments are based on a secure water supply, strategies to ensure the required water quantities must be put into effect. In this context, sustainability is becoming an increasingly important factor due to the worsening of pollution and climate change. The integrated industrial–urban water‐reuse concept (IU‐WA‐RE) links gray and green infrastructures by providing reuse water for different infrastructural purposes. Municipal and industrial wastewater is treated separately in different water resource recovery facilities. As a baseline the SEMIZENTRAL approach with the Resource and Recovery Center (RRC) and the Industrial Wastewater Management Concept with a focus on Reuse (IW2MC→R) for the industrial wastewater treatment are taken into account. These approaches are new concepts for wastewater treatment “fit for purpose.” IU‐WA‐RE combines the water‐reuse concepts by linking reuse water flows between the urban area and the adjacent industrial park, but focuses not on a production internal water reuse. The concept is designed to offer a holistic strategy to increase the water‐reuse potential and thus the water resources. It offers a solution to cover the lack of water requirements in urban areas. It is therefore possible to drive sustainable urban developments.Practitioner points

The water‐reuse potential increases enormously by combining industrial and municipal wastewater flows.

Industrial wastewater should be treated “fit for purpose” and applied in the urban area since the municipal wastewater is not sufficient to cover its own water requirements for infrastructural purposes.

Water‐reuse for infrastructural purposes increases water resources.

The application of reuse water drives sustainable urban developments.