bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA content equivalence in haploid and diploid maize leaves
Authors: Santeramo D. , Howell J. , Ji Y. , Yu W. , Liu W. , Kelliher T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Main conclusion
The qPCR assay developed to differentiate haploid and diploid maize leaf samples was unsuccessful due to DNA content difference. Haploid cells are packed more closely together with less cellular expansion.

Abstract
Increased ploidy content (> 2 N) directly correlates with increased cell size in plants, but few studies have examined cell morphology in plants with reduced ploidy (i.e., haploids). To pioneer a scalable new ploidy test, we compared DNA content and cellular morphology of haploid and diploid maize leaves. The amount of genomic DNA recovered from standardized leaf-punch samples was equivalent between these two ploidy types, while both epidermal and mesophyll cell types were smaller in haploid plants. Pavement cells had a substantially smaller size than mesophyll cells, and this effect was more pronounced in the abaxial epidermis. Interveinal distance and guard cell size were significantly reduced in haploids, but the cell percentage comprising stomata did not change. These results confirm the direct correlation between ploidy content and cell size in plants, and suggest that reduced cell expansion predominantly explains DNA content equivalence between haploid and diploid samples, confounding efforts to develop a haploid detection method using DNA content.
Does HLA matching matter in the modern era of renal transplantation?
Authors: Kim Jon Jin , Fuggle Susan V , Marks Stephen D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChildren with end-stage kidney disease should be offered the best chance for future survival which ideally would be a well-matched pre-emptive kidney transplant. Paediatric and adult practice varies around the world depending on geography, transplant allocation schemes and different emphases on living (versus deceased) donor renal transplantation. Internationally, paediatric patients often have priority in allocation schemes and younger donors are preferentially allocated to paediatric recipients. HLA matching can be difficult and may result in longer waiting times. Additionally, with improved surgical techniques and modern immunosuppressive regimens, how important is the contribution of HLA matching to graft longevity? In this review, we discuss the relative importance of HLA matching compared with donor quality; and long-term patient outcomes including re-transplantation rates. We share empirical evidence that will be useful for clinicians and families to make decisions about best donor options. We discuss why living donation still provides the best allograft survival outcomes and what to do in the scenario of a highly mismatched living donor.
Late-onset Huntington’s disease with 40–42 CAG expansion
Authors: Capiluppi Elisa , Romano Luca , Rebora Paola , Nanetti Lorenzo , Castaldo Anna , Gellera Cinzia , Mariotti Caterina , Macerollo Antonella , Cislaghi M. Giuliana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion greater than 35 in the IT-15 gene. There is an inverse correlation between the number of pathological CAG and the age of onset. However, CAG repeats between 40 and 42 showed a wider onset variation. We aimed to investigate potential clinical differences between patients with age at onset ≥ 60 years (late onset-HD) and patients with age at onset between 30 and 59 years (common-onset HD) in a cohort of patients with the same CAG expansions (40–42).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 66 HD patients with 40–41–42 CAG expansion was performed. Patients were investigated with the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (subitems I–II–III and Total Functional Capacity, Functional Assessment and Stage of Disease). Data were analysed using χ2, Fisher’s test, t test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. GENMOD analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to study the disease progression.

Results
The age of onset ranged from 39 to 59 years in the CO subgroup, whereas the LO subgroup showed an age of onset from 60 to 73 years. No family history was reported in 31% of the late-onset in comparison with 20% in common-onset HD (p = 0.04). No difference emerged in symptoms of onset, in clinical manifestations and in progression of disease between the two groups.

Conclusion
There were no clinical differences between CO and LO subgroups with 40–42 CAG expansion. There is a need of further studies on environmental as well genetic variables modifying the age at onset.
Coordination in Thought
Authors: Clarke Henry 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCoordination in thought is the treatment of beliefs by the believer as being about the same thing. Such treatment can be indirect, via an identity belief, or direct. Direct coordination presents a problem concerning how this treatment is justified. Dickie (Fixing reference, OUP, Oxford, 2015) accounts for the justification of coordination in terms of aptness to a motivational state: coordination serves to fulfil a need to represent things outside the mind. I argue that this account gets the problem coordination presents wrong, and so does not present an adequate solution. While the material of that account may be reconfigured to provide a more promising proposal, I argue that this depends on a specious psychology of belief, and will anyway end up being circular. I propose an account that, while similar in some ways, improves on both the official and reconfigured Dickie-style accounts, and points to some broader conclusions about the nature of rational cognition.
Profinite Separation Systems
Authors: Diestel Reinhard , Kneip Jakob 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeparation systems are posets with additional structure that form an abstract setting in which tangle-like clusters in graphs, matroids and other combinatorial structures can be expressed and studied. This paper offers some basic theory about infinite separation systems and how they relate to the finite separation systems they induce. They can be used to prove tangle-type duality theorems for infinite graphs and matroids, which will be done in future work that will build on this paper.
Exploring synergies and trade-offs among the sustainable development goals: collective action and adaptive capacity in marginal mountainous areas of India
Authors: Orchard Steven , Glover Dominic , Thapa Karki Shova , Ayele Seife , Sen Debashish , Rathod Roshan , Rowhani Pedram 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlobal environmental change (GEC) threatens to undermine the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Smallholders in marginal mountainous areas (MMA) are particularly vulnerable due to precarious livelihoods in challenging environments. Acting collectively can enable and constrain the ability of smallholders to adapt to GEC. The objectives of this paper are: (i) identify collective actions in four MMA of the central Indian Himalaya Region, each with differing institutional contexts; (ii) assess the adaptive capacity of each village by measuring livelihood capital assets, diversity, and sustainable land management practices. Engaging with adaptive capacity and collective action literatures, we identify three broad approaches to adaptive capacity relating to the SDGs: natural hazard mitigation (SDG 13), social vulnerability (SDG 1, 2 and 5), and social–ecological resilience (SDG 15). We then develop a conceptual framework to understand the institutional context and identify SDG synergies and trade-offs. Adopting a mixed method approach, we analyse the relationships between collective action and the adaptive capacity of each village, the sites where apparent trade-offs and synergies among SDGs occur. Results illustrate each village has unique socio-environmental characteristics, implying distinct development challenges, vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities exist. Subsequently, specific SDG synergies and trade-offs occur even within MMA, and it is therefore crucial that institutions facilitate locally appropriate collective actions in order to achieve the SDGs. We suggest that co-production in the identification, prioritisation and potential solutions to the distinct challenges facing MMA can increase understandings of the specific dynamics and feedbacks necessary to achieve the SDGs in the context of GEC.
Beyond valence: a meta-analysis of discrete emotions in firm-customer encounters
Authors: Kranzbühler Anne-Madeleine , Zerres Alfred , Kleijnen Mirella H. P. , Verlegh Peeter W. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDistinguishing between consumers’ positive and negative affect is a popular approach in both marketing research and practice, but such valence-based approaches sacrifice specificity and explanatory power. As emotions of the same valence can greatly differ with regard to their underlying appraisal patterns, they also differently affect consumer judgment and behavior. Our meta-analysis of 1035 effect sizes (N = 40,777) across 10 discrete emotions shows that analyzing discrete emotions clearly outperforms models of core affect (valence and arousal) when studying firm–customer encounters. Specifically, we find that the greatest impact stems from the medium-arousal emotion of gratitude and that positive emotions show consistently stronger effect sizes than do negative emotions. We also examine how effects are moderated by situational characteristics of the experience triggering the emotion. Based on our findings, we develop recommendations that help marketers identify and manage consumers’ emotions more effectively.
The mathematical progress of students with an intellectual disability in inclusive classrooms: results of a longitudinal study
Authors: Schnepel Susanne , Krähenmann Helena , Sermier Dessemontet Rachel , Moser Opitz Elisabeth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the mathematical development of students with intellectual disabilities (ID) in inclusive classrooms. It is important to have a research-based understanding of the subject since inclusive education is becoming the norm in many countries, and an increasing number of students with an ID now attend mainstream schools. We investigated the learning gains of 38 students with ID from 31 grades 2 and 3 inclusive classrooms. Data on mathematics achievement were collected at the beginning and at the end of one school year. A cluster analysis revealed four homogeneous groups that differed significantly in their mathematical progress. Students in the same cluster improved in the same subskills. Prior knowledge is a significant predictor for progress and explains more variance than IQ. In addition, the acquisition of the quantity-number concept, especially the linkage of quantities and numbers, seems to be an important factor for mathematical development. These results show that mathematics instruction needs to be tailored to the specific knowledge profiles of students.
Is Physical Activity Good or Bad for the Female Pelvic Floor? A Narrative Review
Authors: Bø Kari , Nygaard Ingrid Elisabeth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMore women participate in sports than ever before and the proportion of women athletes at the Olympic Games is nearly 50%. The pelvic floor in women may be the only area of the body where the positive effect of physical activity has been questioned. The aim of this narrative review is to present two widely held opposing hypotheses on the effect of general exercise on the pelvic floor and to discuss the evidence for each. Hypothesis 1: by strengthening the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and decreasing the levator hiatus, exercise decreases the risk of urinary incontinence, anal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse, but negatively affects the ease and safety of childbirth. Hypothesis 2: by overloading and stretching the PFM, exercise not only increases the risk of these disorders, but also makes labor and childbirth easier, as the PFM do not obstruct the exit of the fetus. Key findings of this review endorse aspects of both hypotheses. Exercising women generally have similar or stronger PFM strength and larger levator ani muscles than non-exercising women, but this does not seem to have a greater risk of obstructed labor or childbirth. Additionally, women that specifically train their PFM while pregnant are not more likely to have outcomes associated with obstructed labor. Mild-to-moderate physical activity, such as walking, decreases the risk of urinary incontinence but female athletes are about three times more likely to have urinary incontinence compared to controls. There is some evidence that strenuous exercise may cause and worsen pelvic organ prolapse, but data are inconsistent. Both intra-abdominal pressure associated with exercise and PFM strength vary between activities and between women; thus the threshold for optimal or negative effects on the pelvic floor almost certainly differs from person to person. Our review highlights many knowledge gaps that need to be understood to understand the full effects of strenuous and non-strenuous activities on pelvic floor health.
Interinstitutional perspectives on contract cheating: a qualitative narrative exploration from Canada
Authors: Eaton Sarah Elaine , Chibry Nancy , Toye Margaret A. , Rossi Silvia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper explores contract cheating from the perspectives of researchers at three post-secondary institutions in Alberta, Canada, describing their efforts to develop and advance awareness of, interventions against, and responses to contract cheating at their respective institutions. Contract cheating is when a third party produces or completes academic work for a student, and the student then presents the work as their own. The student might have personal connections to the third party, or the student might pay a fee and outsource the academic work to the third party. All three institutions are experiencing an increase in the incidence of contract cheating, which is consistent with trends at colleges and universities across Canada and the world. Contract cheating is not a new phenomenon, but it is a growing one, due in part to students having access to thousands of online companies offering to help them with their academic work. This paper examines personal narratives from four researchers and identifies five key themes: types of contract cheating, students, awareness, evidence and policy implications, and educational development.
Telomere length associations with cognition depend on Alzheimer's disease biomarkers
Authors: Mahoney Emily R. , Dumitrescu Logan , Seto Mabel , Nudelman Kelly N.H. , Buckley Rachel F. , Gifford Katie A. , Saykin Andrew J. , Jefferson Angela J. , Hohman Timothy J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionWhile telomere shortening, a marker of cellular aging, may impact the progression of age‐related neurodegenerative diseases, its association with cognition is unclear, particularly in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.MethodsTelomere, cognitive, and CSF data from 482 participants in the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (148 cognitively normal, 283 mild cognitive impairment, 51 AD) was leveraged to assess telomere length associations with cognition (measured by memory and executive function) and interactions with CSF amyloid‐β, tau, and APOE‐ε4. Secondary analyses assessed brain volume and thickness outcomes.ResultsLonger telomeres at baseline were associated with faster executive function decline. Amyloid‐β and tau interacted with telomere length on cognition, with longer telomeres related to faster decline among biomarker‐positive individuals.DiscussionTelomere associations with cognition shift with AD progression, with longer telomeres related to worse outcomes as pathology increases, highlighting the need for further investigation of telomere length along the AD neuropathological cascade.
Racial disparities and temporal trends in dementia misdiagnosis risk in the United States
Authors: Gianattasio Kan Z. , Prather Christina , Glymour M. Maria , Ciarleglio Adam , Power Melinda C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionSystematic disparities in misdiagnosis of dementia across racial/ethnic groups have implications for health disparities. We compared the risk of dementia under‐ and overdiagnosis in clinical settings across racial/ethnic groups from 2000 to 2010.MethodsWe linked fee‐for‐service Medicare claims to participants aged ≥70 from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study. We classified dementia status using an algorithm with similar sensitivity and specificity across racial/ethnic groups and assigned clinical dementia diagnosis status using ICD‐9‐CM codes from Medicare claims. Multinomial logit models were used to estimate relative risks of clinical under‐ and overdiagnosis between groups and over time.ResultsNon‐Hispanic blacks had roughly double the risk of underdiagnosis as non‐Hispanic whites. While primary analyses suggested a shrinking disparity over time, this was not robust to sensitivity analyses or adjustment for covariates. Risk of overdiagnosis increased over time in both groups.DiscussionOur results suggest that efforts to reduce racial disparities in underdiagnosis are warranted.
Gradient estimates for the constant mean curvature equation in hyperbolic space
Authors: López Rafael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe establish gradient estimates for solutions to the Dirichlet problem for the constant mean curvature equation in hyperbolic space. We obtain these estimates on bounded strictly convex domains by using the maximum principles theory of Φ-functions of Payne and Philippin. These estimates are then employed to solve the Dirichlet problem when the mean curvatureHsatisfiesH< 1 under suitable boundary conditions.
“A Higher and Purer Shape”: Kaufmann Kohler's Jewish Orientalism and the Construction of Religion in Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: Goldstein Evan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article uses the case of Kaufmann Kohler (1843–1926), an intellectual and institutional leader of American Reform Judaism, to explore the relationship between Orientalism and the category of religion in nineteenth-century America. Recent scholarship has shown that the lived religion of nineteenth-century American Jews departs significantly from the ideological hopes of Jewish elites. Connecting the emerging portrait of nineteenth-century Jewish laity with elite arguments for American Judaism, I reconsider Kohler's thought as a theological project out of step with his socioreligious milieu. Kohler is renowned for his theorizing of Judaism as a universal, ethical religion. As scholars have demonstrated repeatedly, defining Judaism as a “religion” was an important feature of Reform thought. What these accounts have insufficiently theorized, however, is the political context that ties the categorization of religion to the history of Orientalism that organized so many late nineteenth-century discussions of religion, Jewish and not. Drawing on work by Tracy Fessenden, John Modern, and Tisa Wenger, I show that Kohler's universal, cosmopolitan religion is a Jewish version of the Protestant secular. Like these Protestant modernists, Kohler defines Reform Judaism as a religion that supersedes an atavistic tribalism bound to materiality and ritual law. Being Jewish, for Kohler, means being civilized; reforming the soul of Judaism goes together with civilizing Jewish bodies and creating a Judaism that could civilize the world in an era in which religion and imperialism were overlapping interpretive projects with racial and gendered entanglements.
Tibetan sheep have a high capacity to absorb and to regulate metabolism of SCFA in the rumen epithelium to adapt to low energy intake
Authors: Jing Xiaoping , Wang Wenji , Degen Allan , Guo Yamin , Kang Jingpeng , Liu Peipei , Ding Luming , Shang Zhanhuan , Fievez Veerle , Zhou Jianwei , Long Ruijun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe nutritional intake of Tibetan sheep on the harsh Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is often under maintenance requirements, especially during the long, cold winter. However, they have adapted well and even thrive under these conditions. The aim of the present study was to gain insight into how the rumen epithelium of Tibetan sheep has adapted to the consumption of low-energy-level diets. For this purpose, we compared Tibetan and small-tailed Han sheep (n 24 of each breed, all wethers and 1·5 years of age), which were divided randomly into one of four groups and offered ad libitum diets of different digestible energy (DE) densities: 8·21, 9·33, 10·45 and 11·57 MJ DE/kg DM. The Tibetan sheep had higher rumen concentrations of total SCFA, acetate, butyrate and iso-acids but lower concentrations of propionate than small-tailed Han sheep. The Tibetan sheep had higher absorption capability of SCFA due to the greater absorption surface area and higher mRNA expression of the SCFA absorption relative genes than small-tailed Han sheep. For the metabolism of SCFA in the rumen epithelium, the small-tailed Han sheep showed higher utilisation of the ketogenesis pathway than Tibetan sheep; however, Tibetan sheep had greater regulation capacity in SCFA metabolism pathways. These differences between breeds allowed the Tibetan sheep to have greater capability of absorbing SCFA and better capacity to regulate the metabolism of SCFA, which would allow them to cope with low energy intake better than small-tailed Han sheep.
Effects of high-oleic peanuts within a hypoenergetic diet on inflammatory and oxidative status of overweight men: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Caldas Ana Paula Silva , Alves Raquel Duarte Moreira , Hermsdorff Helen Hermana Miranda , de Oliveira Leandro Licursi , Bressan Josefina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe consumption of food with MUFA has been associated with improvement of inflammation and oxidative stress in overweight individuals. In the present study, we evaluate the effect of high-oleic peanut intake within a hypoenergetic diet on inflammatory and oxidative status markers in overweight men. Sixty-four overweight men (BMI 26–35 kg/m2, 18–50 years old) participated in this randomised controlled study for 4 weeks, allocated into three groups: control (CT,n22), conventional peanut (CVP,n21) and high-oleic peanut (HOP,n21). They followed a hypoenergetic diet (−250 kcal/d; −1045 kJ/d) with or without 56 g of high-oleic or conventional peanuts. After the intervention, the inflammatory markers did not show significant changes in fasting concentrations or postprandial response among the experimental groups (P> 0·05). The activity of oxidative status markers remained unchanged after the intervention. However, in the CT, malondialdehyde showed lower concentration in comparison with the baseline (P= 0·020) and among the groups (P= 0·002). In the present study, the daily intake of high-oleic peanuts within a hypoenergetic diet did not modify the inflammatory markers and oxidative status in overweight men. More studies are needed to better understand the effect of high-oleic peanut intake on health outcomes.