bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal Strategy for Improving the Sensitivity of Detecting Volatile Organic Compounds by Patterned Arrays
Authors: Liu Lu , Xiong Wei , Cui Linfeng , Xue Zhenjie , Huang Chuanhui , Song Qian , Bai Wanqiao , Peng Yage , Chen Xiangyu , Liu Keyan , Zhang Shuwei , Wen Lei , Che Yanke , Wang Tie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe diffusion of target analytes is a determining factor for the sensitivity of a given gas sensor. Surface adsorption results in a low‐concentration region near the sensor surface, producing a concentration gradient perpendicular to the surface, and drives a net flux of molecules toward solid reactive reagents on the sensor surface, that is, vertical diffusion. Here, organic semiconductor supramolecules were patterned into micromeshed arrays to integrate vertical and horizontal diffusion pathways. When used as a gas sensor, these arrays have an order of magnitude higher sensitivity than traditional film‐based sensors. The sensor sensitivity ramp down with the increase in coverage density of reactive reagents, yielding two linear regions demarcated by 0.3 coverage, which are identified by the experimental results and simulations. The universal nature of template‐assisted patterning allows adjustments in the composition, size, and shape of the constituent material, including nanofibers, nanoparticles, and molecules, and thus serves to improve the sensitivity of gas sensors for detecting various volatile organic compounds.
Local anaesthetic resistance in a patient with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome undergoing caesarean section with continuous spinal anaesthesia
Authors: Wloch K. , Simpson M. , Gowrie‐Mohan S. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryA patient with a diagnosis of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome was scheduled to undergo elective caesarean section with a combined spinal‐epidural anaesthetic technique. The epidural attempt resulted in an inadvertent dural puncture, and we decided subsequently to place an intrathecal catheter. She required high repeated doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine (32.5 mg over 1 h) through the catheter to establish adequate sensory blockade, together with supplemental analgesic techniques. Soon after the procedure, she recovered motor function rapidly and required further supplemental analgesia. We believe this is the first report of possible local anaesthetic resistance with an intrathecal catheter anaesthetic technique for a patient with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome. If there is resistance to the first dose of intrathecal local anaesthetic, a general anaesthetic may be the best option for such patients.
A junior doctor’s experience of critical illness: from treating patients to becoming a patient with COVID‐19
Authors: Ramachandran S. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWhen the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic was declared, it was clear that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) would have far‐reaching impacts on medicine, society and everyday life. As a junior doctor working closely with patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, I was aware of my personal risk of exposure to the virus. I assumed that as a fit and well 26‐year‐old with no comorbidities, if I were to become infected, it was unlikely that COVID‐19 would be severe. However, I became critically unwell following a week of clinical work, necessitating hospital admission, tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. I remained mechanically ventilated for 6 days and was then transferred to a medical ward 2 days later. After two further days of rehabilitation, I was discharged home. This reflection is not a junior doctor’s view of how COVID‐19 was managed by the NHS, but a personal view of my illness from ‘the other side of the curtain’. My reflections focus upon the psychological aspects of my experiences, exploring the memories that I formed around the time of critical care, how the fears that I possessed were managed with exceptional communication, and the importance of the wider healthcare team in my recovery.
Design of Highly Reversible Zinc Anodes for Aqueous Batteries Using Preferentially Oriented Electrolytic Zinc
Authors: Faegh Ehsan , Ng Benjamin , Hayman Dillon , Mustain William E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐based batteries have attracted a growing interest due to their intrinsic safety, low environmental impact and potentially very low cost. However, there still remains significant hurdles to achieve cells of commercial interest. Conventional commercial Zn anodes are formed from large, polycrystalline particles with limited control over the shape and size. In this study, preferentially oriented electrolytic Zn (e‐Zn) particles with hexagonal shape and controlled size (∼100 μm) were synthesized and physically characterized by SEM, XRD and BET techniques. The corrosion, discharge and cycling behavior of e‐Zn particles were analyzed in KOH alkaline media. It was found that preferentially oriented e‐Zn particles with low surface area have lower corrosion than Zn powder and 99 % reduced corrosion rate with respect to polycrystalline Zn wire. Furthermore, e‐Zn electrodes were successfully scaled up and showed remarkable reversibility in symmetric cells at a high rate of 20 mA cm−2 for 640 h. e‐Zn/KOH/MnO2 full cells were also demonstrated with ca. 6 times longer cycle life than Zn powder with a lower H2 gassing rate at 10 % Zn DoD and C/20 rate. In addition, a comparison between alkaline vs. mild acidic electrolyte was made in terms of reversibility and structural changes of preferentially oriented e‐Zn electrodes where superior cycling was observed in ZnSO4 for 2000 h.
Is exam performance in anatomy influenced by teaching with prosected cadavers? An evidence‐based study
Authors: Harris June A. , Adey Tanis L. , McKay Donald W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionLittle empirical evidence substantiates the need to use cadavers to teach anatomy effectively. We investigated the effect of attendance at anatomy laboratories and cadaver use on .anatomy exam performance over a 12‐year period (2006–2007 to 2018–2019) before and after a curricular change (2013–2014).Materials and methodsAnatomy exam performance data were collected from undergraduate files at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, for 782 medical students over a 12‐year period. Three groups emerged: (i) 6 years of the old curriculum using prosected specimens, N = 376; (ii) 3 years of the new curriculum using prosected specimens, N = 239; (iii) 3 years of the new curriculum using no prosected specimens, N = 240. For the 2018–2019 academic year, laboratory attendance was recorded, N = 80.ResultsThe unplanned discontinuation of prosected specimens did not markedly impact anatomy instruction. Student performance under the new and old curricula (p = .0018) and with and without cadavers (p = .0117) is slightly, but significantly, different. Student performance is not associated with the number of missed laboratories (Spearman ρ = 0.145, p = .2).DiscussionAlthough use of cadavers and prosected specimens continues in anatomy‐wet laboratories, today's tech‐savvy students want information at their fingertips 24/7. The three factors examined in this study suggest a surprisingly consistent performance on anatomy examinations despite changing conditions. Perhaps medical schools should offer as many quality resources as budgets allow, inform students of their availability and let students decide which learning methods work best for them individually, thus facilitating self‐directed learning.ConclusionConsistent exam performance can be achieved using a variety of teaching and learning methods.
Photochemical RNA Editing of C to U by Using Ultrafast Reversible RNA Photo‐crosslinking in DNA/RNA Duplexes
Authors: Nakamura Shigetaka , Ishino Kanako , Fujimoto Kenzo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRNA editing, which is used to edit nucleobases in RNA strands; is more feasible for use in medical applications than DNA editing. We previously reported the photochemical conversion of cytosine to uracil, which required photo‐crosslinking, deamination, and photo‐splitting. Here, we evaluated the influence of the bases surrounding the target cytosine on the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the RNA strand. The photo‐crosslinker 3‐carboxyvinylcarbazole(OHVK), which is more hydrophilic than 3‐cyanovinylcarbazole(CNVK), 3‐carboxyamidevinylcarbazole(NH2VK), and 3‐methoxy carbonylvinylcarbazole(OMeVK), induced faster deamination of cytosine. Furthermore, inosine, which forms two hydrogen bonds with cytosine, was the most efficiently paired base for accelerating photochemical RNA editing. Upon evaluation of the conversion from cytosine to uracil in RNA, the use of oligodeoxynucleotides containing OHVK and inosine and the polarity of the bases surrounding the target cytosine were found to be crucial.
Cardiovascular outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention on bifurcation lesions with moderate to severe coronary calcium: A single‐center registry study
Authors: Murphy Jonathan Luke , Patel Nileshkumar , Vengrenyuk Yuliya , Okamoto Naotaka , Barman Nitin , Sweeny Joseph , Kapur Vishal , Hasan Choudhury , Krishnan Prakash , Vijay Pooja , Jhaveri Vaishvi , Dangas George , Mehran Roxana , Aquino Melissa , Baber Usman , Sharma Samin K. , Kini Annapoorna S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBoth target vessel calcification and target vessel bifurcation are associated with worse outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Whether these entities in combination interact to influence outcomes after PCI of complex coronary disease is not known.ObjectivesThis study evaluated the association of target vessel bifurcation and target vessel calcification, alone and in combination, with adverse events following PCI.MethodsRegistry data from 21,165 patients who underwent PCI with drug‐eluting stents (DES) between January 2009 and December 2017 were analyzed. Patients were divided into four groups according to the presence or absence of target vessel bifurcation and presence of none/mild or moderate/severe target vessel calcification on angiography. Associations between lesion groups and 1 year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were examined using Cox regression analysis.ResultsAt 1 year, unadjusted rates of MACE, death, myocardial infarction (MI), as well as stent thrombosis were highest in the group with both bifurcation lesion and moderate/severe calcification. After adjusting for confounders such as age, renal disease, and smoking, hazard ratios for MACE were 1.14 (95%CI 0.99–1.33) for bifurcation with none/mild calcification, 1.21 (95%CI 1.06–1.38) for no bifurcation and moderate/severe calcification, and 1.37 (95%CI 1.14–1.64) for bifurcation and moderate severe calcification, compared to patients with no bifurcation and none/mild calcification.ConclusionsThe presence of a bifurcating target vessel with moderate/severe calcification is associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes than either attribute alone. New approaches are needed to improve outcomes in this subset of patients with complex coronary artery disease.
Secondary Phosphine Oxides: Bifunctional Ligands in Catalysis
Authors: van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Cano Israel , Freixa Zoraida 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetal complexes of secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs) were introduced as homogeneous catalysts in the 1980s for hydroformylation and hydrogenation with platinum as the metal. As neutral species, the ligand properties resemble those of the corresponding tertiary phosphines as was shown in the coordination chemistry developed in the 1970s, but the participation of the OH in bonding and reaction mechanisms provides them with a peculiar additional function. While this was already proposed and recognized in the first publications, it took a while before this found wider appreciation. Meanwhile, SPOs have become popular ligands for homogeneous catalysts, and more recently also for catalysis based on metal nanoparticles. Here we review the relatively small number of publications that pay attention to SPOs as bifunctional ligands.
Industrial Internet of Things for the Sugar Industry – Initial Results
Authors: Lehnberger Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe operating data from batch‐type pendulum centrifuges for separating sugar crystals from crystal suspensions are recorded locally during the sugar manufacturing process and analyzed in cloud‐based applications. The information obtained can be classified into machine‐related status data, separation process‐related key figures, and advanced evaluation results for the crystal suspension (massecuite) processed and the sugar produced. Such continuously available analyses could previously only be prepared in limited quantities and by experts with specialist knowledge.
Speeding up Viedma Deracemization through Water‐catalyzed and Reactant Self‐catalyzed Racemization
Authors: Tortora Carola , Mai Christina , Cascella Francesca , Mauksch Michael , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas , Lorenz Heike , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractViedma deracemization is based on solution phase racemization, dissolution of racemic or scalemic conglomerates and crystal growth through autocatalytic cluster formation. With rate limiting racemization, its acceleration by appropriate catalysts may result in speeding up deracemization. A conglomerate‐forming chiral compound may principally racemize directly, or via reverse of its formation reaction. For a hydrazine derivative, we investigated available racemization pathways in presence of pyrrolidine or thiourea amine as base catalysts: via Mannich or aza‐Michael reaction steps and their reverse, or by enolization. Racemization by enolization was computationally found to dominate, both under water‐free conditions and in presence of water, involving a multitude of different pathways. Faster racemization in presence of water resulted indeed in more rapid deracemization, when the base was pyrrolidine. Under water‐free conditions, the role of water as enolization catalyst is assumed by chiral hydrazine itself – in autocatalytic racemization and in which both reactant and product are catalysts.
An improved reversed miller compensation technique for three‐stage CMOS OTAs with double pole‐zero cancellation and almost single‐pole frequency response
Authors: Centurelli Francesco , Monsurrò Pietro , Scotti Giuseppe , Tommasino Pasquale , Trifiletti Alessandro 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis paper presents an improved reversed nested Miller compensation technique exploiting a single additional feed‐forward stage to obtain double pole‐zero cancellation and ideally single‐pole behavior, in a three‐stage Miller amplifier. The approach allows designing a three‐stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with one dominant pole and two (ideally) mutually cancelling pole‐zero doublets. We demonstrate the robustness of the proposed cancellation technique, showing that it is not significantly influenced by process and temperature variations. The proposed design equations allow setting the unity‐gain frequency of the amplifier and the complex poles' resonance frequency and quality factor. We introduce the notion of bandwidth efficiency to quantify the OTA performance with respect to a telescopic cascode OTA for given load capacitance and power consumption constraints and demonstrate analytically that the proposed approach allows a bandwidth efficiency that can ideally approach 100%. A CMOS implementation of the proposed compensation technique is provided, in which a current reuse scheme is used to reduce the total current consumption. The OTA has been designed using a 130‐nm CMOS process by STMicroelectronics and achieves a DC gain larger than 120 dB, with almost single‐pole frequency response. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to show the robustness of the proposed approach to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations and mismatches.
Relationship between low skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenic obesity and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in Korean adults
Authors: Yoo Jee Hee , Park Sung Woon , Jun Ji Eun , Jin Sang‐Man , Hur Kyu Yeon , Lee Moon‐Kyu , Kang Mira , Kim Gyuri , Kim Jae Hyeon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction is an emerging global health issue attributed to an ageing population. However, the association between low skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenic obesity, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction remains unclear. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between low skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenic obesity, and diastolic dysfunction in a large cohort of Korean adults.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 31 258 subjects who underwent health examinations at Samsung Medical Centre's Health Promotion Centre in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Relative skeletal muscle mass was calculated using the skeletal muscle mass index [SMI (%) = appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg)/body weight (kg) × 100], which was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography.ResultsAmongst the 31 258 subjects, 3058 (9.78%) were determined to have diastolic dysfunction. The odds ratio (OR) of diastolic dysfunction was 1.56 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31‐1.85; p for trend <0.001] for the lowest SMI tertile relative to the highest SMI tertile following multivariable adjustment. Furthermore, the risk of diastolic dysfunction was much higher in the sarcopenic obesity (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.44‐1.99), followed by in the obesity‐only (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.21‐1.62), and sarcopenia‐only (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08‐1.61) when compared with the nonobese, nonsarcopenic group. These results remained consistent amongst the elderly (age ≥ 65 years).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that lower skeletal muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity are strongly associated with diastolic dysfunction in middle‐aged and older adults.
Variability in the estimation of ungulate group sizes complicates ecological inference
Authors: Kasozi Herbert , Montgomery Robert A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFoundational work has examined adaptive social behavior in animals in relation to the costs and benefits of group living. Within this context, a “group” of animals represents an organizational unit that is integral to the study of animal ecology and evolution.Definitions of animal group sizes are often subjective with considerable variability within and across species. However, investigations of both the extent and implications of such variability in the estimation of animal group sizes are currently lacking.Selecting ungulates as a case study, we conducted a literature review to assess prevailing practices used to determine group sizes among terrestrial Cetartiodactyla and Perissodactyla. Via this process, we examined group size definitions for 61 species across 171 peer‐reviewed studies published between 1962 and 2018.These studies quantified group sizes via estimation of ungulate aggregations in space and time. Spatial estimates included a nearest neighbor distance ranging from 1.4 m to 1,000 m, and this variation was partially explained by a weak positive correlation (|r| = .4,p < .003) with the body size of the ungulate research subjects. The temporal extent over which group size was estimated was even broader, ranging from three minutes to 24 hr.The considerable variability in ungulate group size estimation that we observed complicates efforts to not only compare and replicate studies but also to evaluate underlying theories of group living. We recommend that researchers: (a) clearly describe the spatiotemporal extents over which they define ungulate group sizes, (b) highlight foundational empirical and ecological rationale for these extents, and (c) seek to align such extents among individual species so as to facilitate cross‐system comparisons of ungulate group size dynamics. We believe an integrative approach to ungulate group size estimation would readily facilitate replication, comparability, and evaluation of competing hypotheses examining the tradeoffs of animal sociality.
Detection of herbivory: eDNA detection from feeding marks on leaves
Authors: Kudoh Aoi , Minamoto Toshifumi , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany techniques have been developed to investigate the interactions between plants and herbivorous insects in natural environments and are generally used to determine either (a) which plant species are eaten by a specific herbivorous insect or (b) which herbivorous insect species are herbivores of a specific plant. The former problem is usually addressed by the direct observation of feeding and microscopic observation of gut contents and excrements, as well as the application of DNA‐barcoding techniques. However, the latter problem has typically been addressed using time‐consuming methods, such as direct observation and rearing. Therefore, more efficient techniques are needed for identifying and quantifying the interactions of plants with herbivorous insects. The present study demonstrates that the environmental DNA (eDNA) of herbivorous insects can be recovered from leaves with external foliage feeding marks. Mitochondrial DNA fragments of herbivorous insects were detected from insect‐exposed leaves using primer sets that amplified the DNA of target species. The amplification rate of the herbivorous insect DNA was positively associated with the rim length of feeding marks, which suggests that most of the insect DNA came from the feeding marks. Additionally, we showed that this method has the potential to detect eDNA from field‐collected leaves. This time‐efficient approach will contribute to the detection of plant–insect herbivore interactions.
Acoustic frequency spectrum characteristics in periodic drill string under tension
Authors: Wang Qing , Guan Zhichuan , Liu Yongwang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is a promising measure to transmit downhole information by acoustic wave through drill string. However, the transmission distance and quality of acoustic signals in field conditions are still not satisfied because the acoustic frequency spectrum in drill string is vulnerable to interference. This paper studied acoustic frequency spectrum characteristics in periodic drill string by experiments under different axial tensile forces. The multilevel method is established to evaluate frequency spectrum through drill string based on improved radar chart. The impact of axial tensile force on spectrum characteristics is analyzed by the proposed method. The results indicate that the axial tensile force has remarkable impact on the acoustic frequency spectrum and passband characteristics. The spectrum characteristics change with axial tensile force. These changes are reflected in the position, width, and attenuation of different passbands. And the extent of changes is distinct to different passbands. Both the evaluation indicators of each passband and spectrum are change with increasing axial tensile force. The spectrum quality is excellent in the range of 17‐134 MPa for axial tensile force in drill string. And when the force exceeds 152 MPa, methods such as adjusting the carrier frequency and relay installation location are necessary to improve the transmission quality of acoustic signals.