bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of Recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 Using a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome
Authors: Chiem Kevin , Ye Chengjin , Martinez‐Sobrido Luis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent of COVID‐19, has been responsible for a million deaths worldwide as of September 2020. At the time of this writing, there are no available US FDA−approved therapeutics for the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Here, we describe a detailed protocol to generate recombinant (r)SARS‐CoV‐2 using reverse‐genetics approaches based on the use of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). This method will allow the production of mutant rSARS‐CoV‐2—which is necessary for understanding the function of viral proteins, viral pathogenesis and/or transmission, and interactions at the virus‐host interface—and attenuated SARS‐CoV‐2 to facilitate the discovery of effective countermeasures to control the ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Generation of recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 using a bacterial artificial chromosomeSupport Protocol: Validation and characterization of rSARS‐CoV‐2
Evolving Landscape of New Drug Approval in Japan and Lags from International Birth Dates: Retrospective Regulatory Analysis
Authors: Tanaka Mototsugu , Idei Mayumi , Sakaguchi Hiroshi , Kato Ryosuke , Sato Daisuke , Sawanobori Kenji , Kawarasaki Shuichi , Hata Toshiyuki , Yoshizaki Asako , Nakamura Miki , Ikuma Mutsuhiro 
Published: October 2020

The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) has approved hundreds of new drugs in recent years. We retrospectively analyzed the new drugs approved in Japan from 2008 to 2019, and identify the first‐in‐world approvals and clarify the current drug lag. The new drug and the drug lag were defined as a drug with a new active substance and a difference between the approval date in Japan and the international birth date, respectively. Among 400 new drugs approved in Japan during the last 12 years, 80 (20.0%) were first approved in Japan, and 320 were outside Japan (the United States: 202, 50.5%; Europe: 82, 20.5%; other regions: 36, 9.0%). Of these, 45 new drugs have not yet been approved outside Japan, and the remaining 355 have been globally approved in Japan and overseas. The number of new drug approvals were the largest in oncology followed by metabolic/endocrine and infectious diseases. The median drug lags (year) among all 400 new drugs and 355 new drugs with global approvals were 4.3 and 4.7 in the first tertile (2008–2011), 1.5 and 2.6 in the second tertile (2012–2015), and reduced to 1.3 and 2.2 in the third tertile (2016–2019), respectively. Substantial drug lag remains in neurology, psychiatry, and therapeutic areas where the number of new drug approvals was relatively small. Collectively, one‐fifth of the new drugs approved in Japan are first‐in‐world approvals. Drug lag has been greatly decreased, although it still exists.
In Situ Formation of “Dimethyl Sulfoxide/Water‐in‐Salt”‐Based Chitosan Hydrogel Electrolyte for Advanced All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Hongfei , Deng Yongqi , Qiu Jun , Wu Juan , Zhang Kefu , Shao Jingwen , Yan Lifeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiodegradable hydrogel electrolytes are particularly attractive in the fabrication of all‐solid‐state supercapacitors due to environmental benignity and avoiding of leakage. The introduction of “water‐in‐salt” (WIS) electrolytes into hydrogels will further broaden the electrochemical stability window of aqueous supercapacitors significantly. Meanwhile, the addition of an organic co‐solvent can effectively overcome the inevitable salt precipitation and extend the temperature adaptability. Herein, an in situ cross‐linking approach was demonstrated without any extra binder to obtain a “dimethyl sulfoxide/water‐in‐salt”‐based (DWIS) chitosan hydrogel electrolyte. Interestingly, the addition of 4–7 mol L−1 of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salts not only conforms to the criterion of WIS, but also promoted the successful gelation through the supramolecular complexation between Li+‐solvated complexes and chitosan chains. A hydrogel‐based all‐solid‐state supercapacitor was fabricated using the DWIS chitosan hydrogel as the electrolyte and separator while nitrogen‐doped graphene hydrogel (NG) was used as the electrode. The optimized supercapacitor with a wide operating voltage of 2.1 V showed a high specific capacitance of 107.6 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, remarkable capacitance retention of 80.1 % after 5000 cycles, a superior energy density of 62.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1025.5 W kg−1, and excellent temperature stability in the range of −20 to 70 °C. These findings suggest that the as‐prepared hydrogel electrolyte holds great potential in the practical application of high‐performance solid‐state energy storage devices.
Chemistry, Sustainability and Naturality of Perfumery Biotech Ingredients
Authors: Lecourt Mathilde , Antoniotti Sylvain 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Sylvain Antoniotti at the University Côte d'Azur. The image shows a perfume dispenser containing bacterial cells delivering odorants molecules with a wide diversity and complexity of structures and olfactory notes. The person wears an art nouveau pendant featuring an enzyme and is peacefully hanging in a green and floral landscape. The Minireview itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202001661.
Melanin‐based ornament darkness positively correlates with across‐season nutritional condition
Authors: Hegyi Gergely , Laczi Miklós , Kötél Dóra , Csörgő Tibor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSexually dimorphic ornamental traits are widely regarded as indicators of nutritional condition. However, variation of nutritional condition outside the reproductive and the ornament production seasons has rarely been considered, although it affects the generality of information content, especially for ornaments that may be used across the year. We measured several indicators of migratory and molt condition in male and female blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) during their autumn migration, and quantified their crown reflectance. We detected robust correlations between migratory and molt condition indices, and the correlation structure was similar in the two sexes. Furthermore, the across‐season measure of body condition was positively related to the darkness of the black crown in males, while being unrelated to reflectance traits of the reddish crown in females. Our results reinforce the possibility that some melanin‐based ornaments may be year‐round indicators of individual quality via their dependence on nutritional condition.
Increasing plant water stress and decreasing summer streamflow in response to a warmer and wetter climate in seasonally snow‐covered forests
Authors: Christensen Lindsey , Adams Hallie R. , Tai Xiaonan , Barnard Holly R. , Brooks Paul D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWarming temperatures and precipitation changes are expected to alter water availability and increase drought stress in western North America, yet uncertainties remain in how concurrent changes in the amount and seasonality of precipitation interact with warming to affect hydrologic partitioning. We combined over a century of streamflow (Q) and climate observations with two decades of tree growth data and remotely sensed vegetation activity to quantify how temperature and precipitation interact to control hydrologic partitioning in the Front Range of Colorado, Boulder Creek Watershed. Temperature and precipitation significantly increased over the last five decades, with precipitation increasing primarily in winter (11.2 mm decade−1) and temperature increasing primarily during the growing season (0.12°C decade−1). In response to wetter winters and warmer summers, streamflow decreased −9.8 mm decade−1, with largest declines occurring during summer and autumn baseflow (−8.4 mm decade−1). Spring warming was associated with increases in episodic, short spring melt events, earlier and slower snowmelt and an increase in fraction of precipitation available to plants (catchment wetting or W). Warming during the growing season resulted in an increase in the fraction of W lost as evapotranspiration (ET), earlier and lower peaks in remotely sensed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and lower tree ring width index (RWI). These analyses highlight that vegetation is becoming increasingly water limited even as increases in precipitation and slower melt increase plant water availability. Further, catchment‐derived metrics like the Horton Index (ET/W) provide insight in to how simultaneous changes in temperature, precipitation and melt impact vegetation across complex watersheds.
Expanding the feasibility of fish and wildlife assessments with close‐kin mark–recapture
Authors: Marcy‐Quay Benjamin , Sethi Suresh A. , Therkildsen Nina O. , Kraft Clifford E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClose‐kin mark–recapture (CKMR) is a powerful new method for the assessment of fish and wildlife population dynamics. Unlike traditional mark–recapture techniques, the use of kinship as an identifying mark is robust to many forms of capture heterogeneity including variation in gear efficiency and tagging‐based effects such as loss and differential mortality. In addition, close‐kin methods can be applied to a wider range of sampling designs than traditional methods (e.g., single‐occasion surveys and lethal capture), can provide retrospective historical abundance estimates, and can produce survival estimates from as few as two sampling occasions. We evaluated the ability of CKMR to provide estimates of abundance and adult survival and then compared results to those from traditional mark–recapture. This analysis incorporated data from a three‐year study of lake resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) where individuals were both physically (PIT) tagged and genotyped for 44 de novo developed microsatellites with high throughput sequencing. Traditional mark–recapture estimates were derived using Pollock’s Robust Design, relying upon three primary open sampling occasions and four secondary closed occasions. We found that close‐kin methods produced contemporary estimates of adult abundance and survival that were similar to those produced by traditional mark–recapture in both magnitude and precision. Furthermore, CKMR provided abundance estimates for multiple years prior to sampling and, when restricted to data from a single year, still produced reliable abundance estimates for at least one and as many as three years. Retrospective abundance estimates corresponded with those from a separate historical two‐sample mark–recapture dataset. This study provides support for the use of CKMR as a robust and sampling‐efficient alternative to traditional mark–recapture methods of assessing population parameters.
Warming and shifting phenology accelerate an invasive plant life cycle
Authors: Keller Joseph A. , Shea Katriona 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have documented changes in the seasonal timing of organisms’ growth and reproduction in response to climate warming. These changes correlate with documented changes in species’ abundance, but mechanisms linking these trends remain elusive. We investigated the joint demographic effects of advanced reproductive phenology and warming on a globally invasive plant (Carduus nutans) in a field experiment, documenting a substantial shift toward completion of the life cycle at younger ages. Demographic modeling projected 71% of warmed individuals flower as annuals, compared to 61% under current conditions. As this species only reproduces once, this represents a major acceleration of the life cycle. We project a 15% increase in this invader’s population growth rate. We show that rising temperatures accelerate this invasive species’ population growth by increasing the average size of reproducing individuals; increasing the proportion of individuals that survive to reproduce; and increasing the fraction that reproduce as annuals. Major increases in population growth in this, and potentially many other, invasive species will threaten food security and require careful planning to avoid significant environmental and economic impacts.
Interactive impacts of climate change and land‐use change on the demography of montane birds
Authors: Srinivasan Umesh , Wilcove David S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClimate change and habitat degradation are amongst the two greatest threats to biodiversity. Together, they can interact to imperil species. However, how climate change and land‐use change jointly affect the demographic vital rates that underpin population viability remains unknown. Here, using long‐term data on birds from the increasingly degraded and rapidly warming Himalayas, we show that survival trends over time are linked to species’ elevational ranges in primary, but not in selectively logged forest. In primary forest, populations at their cold‐edge elevational range limit show increases in survival rates over time, whereas those at their warm‐edge elevational range limit suffer survival declines. This pattern is consistent with species tracking favorable climatic conditions over time, leading to improved demographic outcomes at progressively higher elevations with climate change, which in turn lead to upslope range shifts. In logged forest, however, survival rates remain relatively constant over time. This suggests that, in response to climate change in the long term, individuals of the same species can maintain demographic vital rates in higher‐elevation primary forest, but not in logged forest. This is the first demonstration of how two of the most disruptive anthropogenic influences on biodiversity interact to threaten survivorship in natural populations. Ignoring interactions between climate change and land‐use change can potentially undermine accurate forecasting of the future of species in an increasingly warm and degraded world. Importantly, large tracts of well‐protected primary forests across Earth’s tropical elevational gradients may be essential to enable tropical montane species to persist in the face of climate change.
Voltammetric Detection of Ethinylestradiol in Water and Synthetic Urine Samples using a Ni(II) Phthalocyanine/Iron Oxide Nanocomposite Electrode
Authors: de L. Ribeiro Camila , de Souza Jurandir R. , Pereira‐da‐Silva Marcelo A. , Paterno Leonardo G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel nickel phthalocyanine/iron oxide nanoparticle (NiTsPc/ION) nanocomposite electrode is proposed for the voltammetric detection of ethinyl estradiol. The method shows a wide linear range (0.07–30 μmol L−1, R2 >0.99), sensitivity of 0.308 μA cm−2/μmol L−1 and limit of detection of 7.8 nmol L−1 (3.3 Sb/b). Recoveries are above 95 % for quantification in tap and treatment plant water samples and synthetic urine. A single electrode can be used in seven consecutive runs (RSD=2.85 %) and responses of different electrodes vary only 7–9 %. The excellent sensing performance of the proposed sensor is ascribed to its porous morphology and efficient charge‐transfer between ION and NiTsPc.
Real‐time moving object detection and removal from 3D pointcloud data for humanoid navigation in dense GPS‐denied environments
Authors: Kumar Rath Prabin , Ramirez‐Serrano Alejandro , Kumar Pratihar Dilip 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRobot perception in dynamic confined unstructured environments is a challenging task due to unanticipated changes that take place in the surroundings. Although 3D perception sensors are able to capture terrain topology with high precision, the interim variations between collected sensor data that are caused due to the motion of moving entities with respect to the robot lead to noisy mappings of the environment. In this article, a real‐time 3D perception filter is presented that is capable of detecting and eliminating moving point clusters from the input pointcloud data collected in an indoor environment. Using LiDAR and IMU sensors the proposed mechanism can help in precise 3D pointcloud map generation in dynamic and unstructured GPS‐denied environments. In this article, a novel approach has been proposed based on the concepts of data clustering, relative motion, pointcloud change detection and confidence tracking. The novelty of this approach lies in its ability to detect within cluster movements and the proposal of a generic tracking method for handling inconsistent motion of objects typically found in indoor environments. For the detection of moving objects, the proposed mechanism does not require any prior knowledge about the target entity. For pointcloud preprocessing, a ground plane removal approach has been proposed based on voxel grid covariance along the axis normal to the ground. The approach was experimented on a humanoid robot in indoor office environments using Velodyne VLP‐16 LiDAR and Intel T265 IMU. The results show that the proposed approach is efficient in detecting indoor moving objects in real time.
Altered thalamic connectivity in insomnia disorder during wakefulness and sleep
Authors: Zou Guangyuan , Li Yuezhen , Liu Jiayi , Zhou Shuqin , Xu Jing , Qin Lang , Shao Yan , Yao Ping , Sun Hongqiang , Zou Qihong , Gao Jia‐Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInsomnia disorder is the most common sleep disorder and has drawn increasing attention. Many studies have shown that hyperarousal plays a key role in the pathophysiology of insomnia disorder. However, the specific brain mechanisms underlying insomnia disorder remain unclear. To elucidate the neuropathophysiology of insomnia disorder, we investigated the brain functional networks of patients with insomnia disorder and healthy controls across the sleep–wake cycle. EEG‐fMRI data from 33 patients with insomnia disorder and 31 well‐matched healthy controls during wakefulness and nonrapid eye movement sleep, including N1, N2 and N3 stages, were analyzed. A medial and anterior thalamic region was selected as the seed considering its role in sleep–wake regulation. The functional connectivity between the thalamic seed and voxels across the brain was calculated. ANOVA with factors “group” and “stage” was performed on thalamus‐based functional connectivity. Correlations between the misperception index and altered functional connectivity were explored. A group‐by‐stage interaction was observed at widespread cortical regions. Regarding the main effect of group, patients with insomnia disorder demonstrated decreased thalamic connectivity with the left amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, putamen, pallidum and hippocampus across wakefulness and all three nonrapid eye movement sleep stages. The thalamic connectivity in the subcortical cluster and the right temporal cluster in N1 was significantly correlated with the misperception index. This study demonstrated the brain functional basis in insomnia disorder and illustrated its relationship with sleep misperception, shedding new light on the brain mechanisms of insomnia disorder and indicating potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.
Long term outcomes with linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of jugulotympanic paragangliomas
Authors: Patel Ankur K. , Rodríguez‐López Joshua L. , Hirsch Barry E. , Burton Steven A. , Flickinger John C. , Clump David A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundData supporting linear accelerator (linac) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for jugulotympanic paragangliomas (JTPs) come from small series with minimal follow‐up. Herein, we report a large series of JTPs with extended follow‐up after frameless linac‐based SRS.MethodsJTPs treated with linac‐based SRS from 2002 to 2019 with 1+ follow‐up image were reviewed for treatment failure (radiographic or clinical progression, or persistent symptoms after SRS requiring intervention) and late toxicities (CTCAE v5.0).ResultsForty JTPs were identified; 30 were treated with a multifraction regimen. Median clinical and radiographic follow‐up was 79.7 (interquartile range [IQR] 31.7‐156.9) and 54.4 months (IQR 17.9‐105.1), respectively, with a median 4.5 follow‐up scans (IQR 2‐9). Seven‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was 97.0% (95% confidence interval 91.1%‐100.0%). PFS was similar between single‐ and multifraction regimens (log rank P = .99). Toxicity was seen in 7.7% (no grade III).ConclusionsWith extended clinical and radiographic follow‐up, frameless linac‐based SRS provides excellent local control with mild toxicity <8%.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Cyclohexadiene Carboxylates through a Formal [2+4]‐Cycloaddition of Propiolates under Cobalt Catalysis
Authors: Charpentier Julie , Voirol Francis , Flachsmann Felix , Tanner Silvia , Aeberli Natalie , Brunner Gerhard , Goeke Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA low‐valent cobalt(I) complex, formed from the reduction of CoBr2(dppe) with zinc, acts as catalyst for the efficient [2+4] cycloaddition of β‐alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl substituted propiolates to dienes. This transformation yields synthetically relevant 1,4‐cyclohexadiene carboxylates in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the target compounds are novel lead structures for the discovery of fragrance ingredients from the fruity, floral and spicy odor family.
Finance‐growth nexus: New insight from Ghana
Authors: Appiah‐Otoo Isaac , Song Na 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe re‐examine the links between financial development and the real economy in Ghana given the gaps in the literature, recent happenings in the financial sector, new dataset, and the more active interventions by the Bank of Ghana to inform good policy decisions. By employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Bounds Cointegration approach (ARDL) and the Fully Modified OLS model (FMOLS), the study documented broad money supply, domestic credit provided by the financial sector, domestic credit to the private sector, bank deposit to GDP, liquid liabilities to GDP, deposit money banks assets to GDP, deposit money bank assets to deposit money bank assets and central bank assets, non‐life insurance premium volume to GDP, stock market capitalization to GDP and the number of listed companies to have a significant negative effect on Ghana's economic growth in the long‐run. The joint effect of financial development was also found to have a significant negative effect on Ghana's economic growth from the FMOLS model. The study recommended the imperative for policymakers to increase infrastructure investment by promoting reforms to boost cooperation between civil societies, the public sector, and the private sector to address the high cost of investment to improve the macroeconomic performance of the country. The study further recommended policymakers to support the financial sector by injecting liquidity during these distress times.