bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell Death Mediated by the Pyroptosis Pathway with the Aid of Nanotechnology: Prospects for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Dan , Wang Sheng , Yu Guocan , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPyroptosis, a unique form of programmed cell death (PCD) that is characterized by DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, cellular swelling with big bubbles, and leakage of cell content, has been proven to have a close relationship with human diseases, such as inflammatory diseases and malignant tumors. Since a new gasdermin‐D (GSDMD) protein was identified in 2015, various strategies have been developed to induce pyroptosis for cancer therapy, including ions, small‐molecule drugs and nanomaterials. Although there are a number of reviews about the close relationship between the pyroptosis mechanism and the occurrence of various cancers, a summary covering recent progress in the field of nanomedicines in pyroptosis‐based cancer therapy has not yet been presented. Therefore, it is urgent to fill this gap and light up future directions for the use of this powerful tool to combat cancer. In this Minireview, recent progress in cancer treatment based on pyroptosis induced by nanoparticles will be described in detail, the design highlights and the therapeutic advantages are emphasized, and future perspectives in this emerging area are proposed.
The Effect of SiMe3 and SiEt3Para Substituents for High Activity and Introduction of a Hydroxy Group in Ethylene Copolymerization Catalyzed by Phenoxide‐Modified Half‐Titanocenes
Authors: Kitphaitun Suphitchaya , Yan Qing , Nomura Kotohiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRemarkable effects of SiMe3 and SiEt3 para‐substituents in the phenoxide‐modified half‐titanocenes, Cp*TiCl2(O‐2,6‐iPr2‐4‐R‐C6H2) [R=SiMe3 (6), SiEt3 (7)], toward the catalytic activities in ethylene copolymerizations with 2‐methyl‐1‐pentene, 1‐decene, 1‐dodecene and with 9‐decen‐1‐ol (DC‐OH) have been demonstrated. The activities by 6, 7 at 50 °C showed higher than those conducted at 25 °C in all cases in the presence of MAO cocatalyst. Efficient synthesis of high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) ethylene copolymers incorporating DC‐OH (or 5‐hexen‐1‐ol, HX‐OH) has been attained in the copolymerization by 7, which showed better DC‐OH (HX‐OH) incorporation at 50 °C to afford the HMW copolymers, poly(ethylene‐co‐DC‐OH)s, with high activities (activity 1.21–3.81×105 kg‐polymer mol−1‐Ti h, Mn=6.55–10.0×104, DC‐OH 2.3–3.6 mol %).
A Green and Wide‐Scope Approach for Chiroptical Sensing of Organic Molecules through Biomimetic Recognition in Water
Authors: Wang Li‐Li , Quan Mao , Yang Ti‐Long , Chen Zhao , Jiang Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOptical chirality sensing has attracted a lot of interest due to its potential in high‐throughput screening in chirality analysis. A molecular sensor is required to convert the chirality of analytes into optical signals. Although many molecular sensors have been reported, sensors with wide substrate scope remain to be developed. Herein, we report that the amide naphthotube‐based chirality sensors have an unprecedented wide scope for chiroptical sensing of organic molecules. The substrates include, but are not limited to common organic products in asymmetric catalysis, chiral molecules with inert groups or remote functional groups from their chiral centers, natural products and their derivatives, and chiral drugs. The effective chirality sensing is based on biomimetic recognition in water and on effective chirality transfer through guest‐induced formation of a chiral conformation of the sensors. Furthermore, the sensors can be used in real‐time monitoring on reaction kinetics in water and in determining absolute configurations and ee values of the products in asymmetric catalysis.
Towards Green Ammonia Synthesis through Plasma‐Driven Nitrogen Oxidation and Catalytic Reduction
Authors: Hollevoet Lander , Jardali Fatme , Gorbanev Yury , Creel James , Bogaerts Annemie , Martens Johan A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmmonia is an industrial large‐volume chemical, with its main application in fertilizer production. It also attracts increasing attention as a green‐energy vector. Over the past century, ammonia production has been dominated by the Haber–Bosch process, in which a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen gas is converted to ammonia at high temperatures and pressures. Haber–Bosch processes with natural gas as the source of hydrogen are responsible for a significant share of the global CO2 emissions. Processes involving plasma are currently being investigated as an alternative for decentralized ammonia production powered by renewable energy sources. In this work, we present the PNOCRA process (plasma nitrogen oxidation and catalytic reduction to ammonia), combining plasma‐assisted nitrogen oxidation and lean NOx trap technology, adopted from diesel‐engine exhaust gas aftertreatment technology. PNOCRA achieves an energy requirement of 4.6 MJ mol−1 NH3, which is more than four times less than the state‐of‐the‐art plasma‐enabled ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2 with reasonable yield (>1 %).
Molecular Engineering through Control of Structural Deformation for Highly Efficient Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence
Authors: Yin Zheng , Gu Mingxing , Ma Huili , Jiang Xueyan , Zhi Jiahuan , Wang Yafei , Yang Huifang , Zhu Weiguo , An Zhongfu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is an enormous challenge to achieve highly efficient organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with a long lifetime. We demonstrate that, by bridging the carbazole and halogenated phenyl ring with a methylene linker, RTP phosphors CzBX (X=Cl, Br) present high phosphorescence efficiency (ΦPh). A ΦPh up to 38 % was obtained for CzBBr with a lifetime of 220 ms, which is much higher than that of compounds CzPX (X=Cl, Br) with a C−N bond as a linker (ΦPh<1 %). Single‐crystal analysis and theoretical calculations revealed that, in the crystal phase, intermolecular π‐Br interactions accelerate the intersystem crossing process, while tetrahedron‐like structures induced by sp3 methylene linkers restrain the nonradiative decay channel, leading to the high phosphorescence efficiency in CzBBr. This research paves a new road toward highly efficient and long‐lived RTP materials with potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting or data encryption.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of O‐Heteroacenes by Ladderization of Fluorinated Oligophenylenes
Authors: Feofanov Mikhail , Akhmetov Vladimir , Takayama Ryo , Amsharov Konstantin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel catalyst‐free approach to benzoannulated oxygen‐containing heterocycles from fluorinated oligophenylenes is reported. Unlike existing methods, the presented reaction does not require an oxygen‐containing precursor and relies on an external oxygen source, potassium tert‐butoxide, which serves as an O2− synthon. The radical nature of the reaction facilitates nucleophilic substitution even in the presence of strong electron‐donating groups and enables de‐tert‐butylation required for the complete annulation. Also demonstrated is the applicability of the method to introduce five‐, six‐, and seven‐membered rings containing oxygen, whereas multiple annulations also open up a short synthetic path to ladder‐type O‐heteroacenes and oligodibenzofurans.
Modular Reconfigurable DNA Origami: From Two‐Dimensional to Three‐Dimensional Structures
Authors: Liu Yan , Cheng Jin , Fan Sisi , Ge Huan , Luo Tao , Tang Linlin , Ji Bin , Zhang Chuan , Cui Daxiang , Ke Yonggang , Song Jie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDNA origami enables the manipulation of objects at nanoscale, and demonstrates unprecedented versatility for fabricating both static and dynamic nanostructures. In this work, we introduce a new strategy for transferring modular reconfigurable DNA nanostructures from two‐dimensional to three‐dimensional. A 2D DNA sheet could be modularized into connected parts (e.g., two, three, and four parts in this work), which can be independently transformed between two conformations with a few DNA “trigger” strands. More interestingly, the transformation of the connected 2D modules can lead to the controlled, resettable structural conversion of a 2D sheet to a 3D architecture, due to the constraints induced by the connections between the 2D modules. This new approach can provide an efficient mean for constructing programmable, higher‐order, and complex DNA objects, as well as sophisticated dynamic substrates for various applications.
Synthesis and characterization of natural rubber‐based telechelic oligomers via olefin metathesis
Authors: Hu Guangwei , Lin Shaohui , Zhao Boxin , Pan Qinmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetathesis degradation and functionalization of natural rubber (NR) were conducted with 1‐hexene, 1‐octene, 1‐decene, 1‐dodecene, trans‐stilbene, and 4,4′‐dibromo‐trans‐stilbene as chain transfer agents (CTAs) in presence of Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst to generate NR‐based telechelic oligomers that had been a long‐lasting challenge due to the structure and compositions of NR with various impurities. Orthogonal experiments were applied and the effects of the CTA type, CTA concentration, catalyst concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature on the formation of telechelic oligomers were studied, indicating that the catalyst concentration was the major factor influencing the number average molecular weights (Mn) and polymer dispersity index (PDI) of telechelic oligomers. The structures of the oligomers were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MALDI‐TOF‐MS, which confirmed the formation of the designed terminal groups. The results showed that well‐defined telechelic oligomers with a Mn of a few thousand and a PDI around 1.6 were obtained, with potential applications in binder, lubricant and many other fields.
Versatile poly(maltose) micro/nanoparticles with tunable surface functionality as a biomaterial
Authors: Kurt Saliha B. , Ayyala Ramesh S. , Sahiner Nurettin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMaltose, a natural disaccharide, was crosslinked with divinyl sulfone to prepare poly(maltose) (p(MAL)) micro/nanoparticles via one step microemulsion system with ≥90% ± 5% yield in a size rage of 0.5–100 μm for the first time. P(MAL) was modified (m‐p(MAL)) with ethylenediamine (EDA), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and taurine (TA) to render additional functionalities, that is, amine and sulfate groups. The isoelectronic point of bare p(MAL) particles were calculated at pH 2.2 ± 0.5 and was changed to 1.3 ± 0.5, 4.3 ± 1.0, and 8.1 ± 0.7 for TA (p(MAL)/TA), EDA (p(MAL)/EDA), and PEI (p(MAL)/PEI) modification, respectively. Bare p(MAL) particles were found to be biocompatible up to 2 mg/ml with hemolysis and blood clotting tests, whereas the modified p(MAL) particles were found to be biocompatible at 1 mg/ml concentration. Additionally, it was found that TA‐ and PEI‐modified p(MAL) particles induced blood clotting mechanisms. Sodium diclofenac as model drug was released at proportions of 8.7% ± 1.3%, 3.9% ± 0.2%, 8.8% ± 0.9%, and 31.6% ± 0.4% of the loaded drug in phosphate buffered saline solution from p(MAL), p(MAL)/TA, p(MAL)/EDA, and p(MAL)/PEI, respectively. The inhibition of antimicrobial activity of p(MAL)/PEI particles at 20 mg/ml concentration for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strain was determined as 99.86% ± 0.3% and 99.79% ± 0.25%, respectively.
Fabrication of cellulose acetate‐based radiation grafted anion exchange membranes for fuel cell application
Authors: Samaniego Angelo Jacob , Arabelo Allison Kaye , Sarker Mrittunjoy , Mojica Felipe , Madrid Jordan , Chuang Po‐Ya Abel , Ocon Joey , Espiritu Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNovel cellulose acetate‐based anion exchange membranes (CA‐AEM) are successfully synthesized via gamma radiation grafting as a possible renewable alternative to commercial AEMs. Using CA film precursors with degree of acetylation of 2.5, the synthesized AEM shows a high ion exchange capacity of 2.15 mmol g−1 obtained at high degree of grafting of 45%. It was determined using thermogravimetric analysis that the radiation‐grafted CA‐AEM has stable amine functional groups under oxygen environment within the normal operating temperature range of alkaline fuel cells. The CA‐AEM also exhibits appreciable performance over a range of temperatures, with a highest ionic conductivity of up to 0.163 S cm−1 depending on the synthesis parameters. Results revealed that membranes prepared using gamma radiation dose of 31 kGy and above are susceptible to mechanical and dimensional instability due to increased water uptake and degree of swelling. Further study should consider the balance between grafting parameters and the desired hydrophysical properties.
Phenotypic characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing AVP1 and MIOX4 in response to abiotic stresses
Authors: Nepal Nirman , Yactayo‐Chang Jessica P. , Gable Ricky , Wilkie Austin , Martin Jazmin , Aniemena Chineche L. , Gaxiola Roberto , Lorence Argelia 
Published: September 2020

PremiseAVP1 (H+‐pyrophosphatase) and MIOX4 (myo‐inositol oxygenase) are genes that, when overexpressed individually, enhance the growth and abiotic stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. We propose that pyramiding AVP1 and MIOX4 genes will further improve stress tolerance under water‐limited and salt‐stress conditions.MethodsMIOX4 and AVP1 reciprocal crosses were developed and phenomic approaches used to investigate the possible synergy between these genes.ResultsUnder normal and stress conditions, the crosses had higher foliar ascorbate content than the wild‐type and parental lines. Under water‐limited conditions, the crosses also displayed an enhanced growth rate and biomass compared with the control. The observed increases in photosystem II efficiency, linear electron flow, and relative chlorophyll content may have contributed to this observed phenotype. Additionally, the crosses retained more water than the controls when subjected to salt stress. Higher seed yields were also observed in the crosses compared with the controls when grown under salt and water‐limitation stresses.DiscussionOverall, these results suggest the combinatorial effect of overexpressing MIOX4 and AVP1 may be more advantageous than the individual traits for enhancing stress tolerance and seed yields during crop improvement.
Relationship between volatile compounds ofPicea likiangensisvar.linzhiensiscone and host selection ofDioryctria abietella
Authors: Tang Xiaoqin , Gao Tan , Lu Jie , Hong Dawei , Tong Xianming , Ren Yihua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the relationship between volatile compounds ofPicea likiangensisvar.linzhiensiscone and host selection ofDioryctria abietella. During the infestation ofP. likiangensisvar.linzhiensisbyD. abietella, their cones and branches emitted volatile compounds, which were extracted using CH2Cl2extraction and XAD2adsorption methods, and were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Before and after overwintering,D. abietellalarva preferred annually infested cones and their extracts, and adultD. abietellapreferred to lay eggs on annually infested cones and healthy cones of the year, and the oviposition rate of adultD. abietellawas 72% on branches with healthy cones of the year, and no egg was laid on branches with annually healthy cones or branches without cones. The volatile compounds after infestation, α‐ and β‐pinene, were significantly higher in cones than those in other tissues; however, myrcene in cones was significantly lower than those in other tissues. The annually infested cones produced β‐caryophyllene and (1S)‐(‐)‐β‐pinene, while the annually healthy cones and branches produced myrcene and 3‐carene. The annually infested cones and their extracts attractedD. abietellalarvae, while that of healthy cones and annually infested cones attracted the adults, indicating that the terpene compounds: α‐pinene, β‐pinene, (1S)‐(‐)‐β‐pinene, limonene, and β‐caryophyllene are attractive toD. abietella, and the terpene compounds—myrcene and 3‐carene—from the branch tissues may be repulsive toD. abietella.
Forensic geophysical survey to investigate illegal looting of a site of historical importance
Authors: De Giorgi Lara , Fragalá Giovanni , Leucci Giovanni , Mazzaglia Antonino , Malfitana Daniele , Russo Salvatore 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjects of forensic investigations vary from illegally buried weapons and explosives, landmines and improvised explosive devices, drugs and weapons caches to clandestine graves of murder victims and mass genocide graves, environmental crime. Illegal excavations represent one of the main risks which affect the archaeological heritage all over the world. They cause a massive loss of artefacts but also, and above all, a loss of the cultural context, which makes the subsequent interpretation of archaeological remains very difficult. Various techniques are available for forensic crime search teams. These techniques allow for the detection of a hidden object successfully. Near‐surface geophysical search methods have been dominated by ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) but recently other techniques, such as electrical resistivity, magnetometric, time domain reflection have become more common. The geophysical investigation was required to investigate the presence of illegal looting in an area located 1 km north from the archaeological park of Pompeii. For this purpose combined GPR and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were used. Results reveal the presence of an illegal tunnel and offered the opportunity to investigate such areas not previously systematically documented.
Trajectory tracking control of a wheeled mobile robot in the presence of matched uncertainties via a composite control approach
Authors: Shafei Hamid Reza , Bahrami Mohsen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present work, a novel method is devised for controlling an uncertain wheeled mobile robot (WMR) in a desired path. To achieve this objective, an optimal and robust control system with adaptive gains is combined to benefit from the advantages of both methods. In fact, applying this controller not only controls a nonlinear system robustly against uncertainties and external disturbances, but also optimizes a quadratic cost function. Also, since the upper bound of uncertainty is determined by an adaptive law, it does not need to be adjusted manually. To ensure the designed controller's finite time stability, Lyapunov theory is used. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method, a case study involving a WMR is presented. By comparing the results of this approach with those of an adaptive sliding mode control (ASMC), it is shown that the proposed controller uses less control effort, relative to the ASMC controller, to stabilize the uncertain WMR in the presence of external disturbances.
Finite‐time H∞ control of distributed parameter switched systems with event‐triggered scheme
Authors: Li Xueyang , Zhou Mengran , Fang Xianwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis manuscript addresses the finite‐time (FT) H∞ control issue for distributed parameter switched systems (DPSSs). First, finite‐time boundedness for DPSSs is studied. By applying piecewise Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method incorporated with average dwell time approach, sufficient conditions of the FT boundedness for the DPSSs are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Then, an event‐triggered scheme is constructed to design output feedback controller, which guarantees the closed‐loop system to be FT bounded. Based on the conditions in FT boundedness and event‐triggered FT stabilization, FT H∞ control problem for DPSSs is developed. Finally, two numerical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Synthesis and characterization of V2O5/urease for a biosensor of urea
Authors: da Rocha Renata Cristina Felix , de Souza Flávia Alves , Vieira Noemy Santana , Cestarolli Dane Tadeu , Guerra Elidia Maria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVanadium pentoxide (V2O5) was used as support material to immobilize the urease enzyme. V2O5 was prepared from a sol–gel process, and the immobilization of urease was done onto the surface of the PET/ITO/V2O5 film. Different concentrations of urea were tested to study the sensitivity of the biosensor. Tests with pH variation were carried out, and it was noticed that the total charge in the cyclic voltammograms decreases due to the increase in pH that influences the catalytic activity of the enzyme. From cyclic voltammograms, with a different scan rate, for linear correlation testing, it was observed that the anodic currents varied as a function of the scan rate. Based on the variation in the urea concentration, the current increased with the increase in the urea concentration, indicating the sensitivity of the material. The use of V2O5/urease showed favorable electrochemical responses for application in biosensors as well as being sensitive to the variation in the urea concentration and easy to obtain and prepare.
Verringerung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit von Brücken durch experimentelle Traglastversuche
Authors: Proske Dirk , Sykora Miroslav , Gutermann Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVerschiedene empirische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die reale Tragfähigkeit von Brücken unter Verkehrslasten im Durchschnitt signifikant höher ist als die berechnete Tragfähigkeit der Brücken. Eine Ursache dafür ist z. B. die Vereinfachung der Berechnungsmodelle. Zusätzliche Reserven stecken u. a. in der Mitwirkung von Brückenelementen, die in den statischen Modellen zur Berechnung der Tragfähigkeit nicht berücksichtigt werden. Da zur Ermittlung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit von Brücken häufig die gleichen statischen Modelle verwendet werden wie für die deterministischen Tragfähigkeitsberechnungen, muss auch hier eine Unterschätzung der realen Tragfähigkeit und damit eine Überschätzung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit vorliegen. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags soll diese Überschätzung quantifiziert und Anpassungsfaktoren vorgeschlagen werden, um eine realistischere Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit zu bestimmen. Diese Anpassungsfaktoren und die damit korrigierten Versagenswahrscheinlichkeiten können im Rahmen bestandsübergreifender Lebenszykluskostenanalysen verwendet werden.
Whistler Gateway Loop
Authors: Diehl Friedemann , Bletz‐Mühldorfer Oliver , Bathon Leander 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn den Coast Mountains von British Columbia, die weltweit bei Skisportlern, Mountainbikern und Wanderern bekannt sind, ließ die Resort‐Gemeinde Whistler eine markante Überdachung für einen Busbahnhof errichten. Diese fungiert als Hauptverkehrsknotenpunkt von Whistler Village. Für die Dachstruktur wählten die Architekten von Public Architecture and Communication Platten aus Brettsperrholz, die von Brettschichtholzträgern getragen werden. Um die Dachstruktur, die durch hohe Schneelasten beansprucht wird, ästhetisch mit den tragenden Stützen aus Stahl zu verbinden, wurde ein Holz‐Stahl‐Klebeverbindungssystem (HSK‐System) eingesetzt. Mit diesem System, das in Deutschland entwickelt wurde, konnte das Projekt ohne Streben sowie sichtbare seitliche Abstützungen realisiert werden. Die Verbindungen werden dabei vom Brettschichtholz verdeckt, wodurch die Ästhetik der hölzernen Tragstruktur in vollem Umfang erhalten bleibt. Der Beitrag thematisiert das beschriebene Bauprojekt schwerpunktmäßig sowie das eingesetzte Holz‐Stahl‐Klebeverbindungssystem.