bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study between the two patch test systems Finn chambers and Finn chambers AQUA
Authors: Luu Henrik , Mowitz Martin , Bruze Magnus , Engfeldt Malin , Isaksson Marléne , Svedman Cecilia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFinn Chambers AQUA (FCA) is a development of the Finn Chambers (FC) test system in which the test chambers are mounted on a moisture‐resistant adhesive patch. FCA has pre‐fixed filter papers. Because the use of FCA does not require any extra taping or use of separate filter papers, a change from FC to FCA chambers may be beneficial for both patients and patch test technicians.ObjectivesTo investigate whether there are any differences regarding detection of contact allergy when simultaneous patch testing is performed with FC and FCA.Materials and MethodsResults from 434 dermatitis patients simultaneously tested with 10 allergens in both FC and FCA were evaluated.ResultsThere were no significant differences regarding detection of positive reactions between the two test systems. There were significantly more doubtful reactions to methylisothiazolinone, fragrance mix I and hydroperoxides of linalool when testing with FCA. We only observed significantly more doubtful reactions in FC regarding nickel(II)sulfate. Irritant reactions to formaldehyde were also significantly more common when using FCA.ConclusionThe FC and FCA had good agreement in detection of positive reactions. However, the results including doubtful and irritant reactions justify further research regarding optimization of the dose.
Potassium fertilization for white oat and maize in integrated crop‐livestock system under no‐tillage
Authors: Riferte Flavia Biassio , da Fonseca Adriel Ferreira , Pontes Laíse da Silveira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntegrated crop‐livestock systems (ICLS) are diversified agroecosystems characterized by the rotation, succession or mixtures of agricultural, livestock or forestry activities, in no‐tillage systems. In ICLS with trees, the tree modifies the light and water availability, and might generate root competition for nutrients, like potassium (K). The study aims to evaluate dry matter (DM) and macronutrients accumulation in white oat, DM and grain yield of maize, and the K use efficiency (KUE) by these crops cultivated in an ICLS with eucalyptus. The experimental design was a randomized block in a split‐plot design with three replications. Plots consisted of four cultivation positions (CP) between the tree rows, where CP1 (0 to 4 m distance) refers to a position close to the trees; CP2 (4 to 8 m distance) and CP4 (12 to 16 m distance) corresponds to two intermediate positions between rows; and CP3 (8 to 12 m distance) corresponds to a central position between rows. In subplots, four potassium oxide (K2O) annual doses were assigned, with potassium chloride being applied on the surface, where each rate was half the rate applied at sowing of each crop. DM and macronutrients accumulation in white oat shoot decreased due to eucalyptus shadow (64.5% light restriction). Responses of maize DM and grain yield to K2O addition were different among CPs, possibly owing to different light patterns. No changes in the maize yield were observed with K2O application in CP1 and CP2. However, for other positions, quadratic responses in grain yield were observed. In ICLS with eucalyptus in a subtropical region of Brazil, the reduction of K fertilization led to lower yields in white oat and maize. As KUE was high in plots with low K rate, the production cost in ICLS with trees may be decreased if massive production is not required.
Multidisciplinary collaborative integrated management of increasingly prominent HIV complications in the post‐cART era
Authors: Lin L , Li TS 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesWith the prolonged survival time of AIDS patients, complications of various systems and organs of HIV infection are increasingly prominent. These diseases have become the major factors influencing the quality of life and prognosis of HIV‐infected persons, and multidisciplinary cooperation treatment is urgently needed.MethodsThe Chinese HIV/AIDS Clinical Trial Network has conducted a series of multicentre clinical cohort studies over the past 16 years, in which studies related to people living with HIV systemic complications. Based on the results of previous studies, this review establishes the complications of Chinese people living with HIV after long‐term cART.ResultsHIV’s direct damage to human cells, chronic abnormal inflammatory activation after HIV infection, long‐term drug side effects caused by cART and persistent reservoirs cause systemic complications in people living with HIV. We summarised the clinical characteristics of the complications of HIV infection in China from the aspects of the liver, cardiovascular, the nervous system, the kidney, bone metabolism, blood glucose, and lipid metabolism.ConclusionsThe management of the complications of HIV infection is a major link in improving the survival treatment and prognosis of patients in the future. The joint participation of doctors from different departments of general hospitals in the management of comorbidities is the main theme for future improvement of quality of life and prognosis for people living with HIV.
From individual motivations to social determinants: towards a sociology of migrants’ remittances
Authors: Mahmud Hasan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMigrants may send remittances for a variety of reasons. Studies adopting the perspective of the new economics of labour migration (NEML) identify migrants’ altruism or self‐interest as the motivation for their remittances. This paper first recognises the limits of the NELM perspective due to its utilitarian conception of migrants’ altruism and inability to distinguish between altruism and self‐interest. The discussion also reveals a preponderance of quantitative studies examining remittance utilisation in the origin communities in the absence of the migrants who are sending the funds. These studies must necessarily indirectly deduce migrants’ motivation to send remittances, leading to post hoc and inconsistent interpretations. In a review of the existing literature, this paper identifies alternative conceptualisations of migrants’ agency and structures embedding their remittances as well as emergent properties of both their agency and those structures. Lastly, it outlines a heuristic typology to empirically study migrants’ remittances following Durkheim's approach to suicide, demonstrating the usefulness of this typology by citing examples from the literature as well as reflecting the author's dissertation research.
Identification of Smad3‐related transcriptomes in type‐2 diabetic nephropathy by whole transcriptome RNA sequencing
Authors: Zhou Qin , Guo Honghong , Yu Chaolun , Huang Xiao‐Ru , Liang Liying , Zhang Puhua , Yu Jianwen , Zhang Jizhou , Chan Ting‐Fung , Ma Ronald C. W. , Lan Hui‐yao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSmad3 deficiency prevents the development of type 2 diabetic nephropathy; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify Smad3‐related genes involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. High‐throughput RNA sequencing was performed to profile the whole transcriptome in the diabetic kidney of Smad3 WT‐db/db, Smad3 KO‐db/db, Smad3+/− db/db and their littermate control db/m mice at 20 weeks. The gene ontology, pathways and alternative splicing of differentially expressed protein‐coding genes and long non‐coding RNAs related to Smad3 in diabetic kidney were analysed. Compared to Smad3 WT‐db/db mice, Smad3 KO‐db/db mice exhibited an alteration of genes associated with RNA splicing and metabolism, whereas heterozygosity deletion of Smad3 (Smad3+/− db/db mice) significantly altered genes related to cell division and cell cycle. Notably, three protein‐coding genes (Upk1b, Psca and Gdf15) and two lncRNAs (NONMMUG023520.2 and NONMMUG032975.2) were identified to be Smad3‐dependent and to be associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. By using whole transcriptome RNA sequencing, we identified novel Smad3 transcripts related to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Thus, targeting these transcripts may represent a novel and effective therapy for diabetic nephropathy.
Emerging roles of fibroblasts in cardiovascular calcification
Authors: Li Wudi , Su Sheng‐an , Chen Jian , Ma Hong , Xiang Meixiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiovascular calcification, a kind of ectopic mineralization in cardiovascular system, including atherosclerotic calcification, arterial medial calcification, valve calcification and the gradually recognized heart muscle calcification, is a complex pathophysiological process correlated with poor prognosis. Although several cell types such as smooth muscle cells have been proven critical in vascular calcification, the aetiology of cardiovascular calcification remains to be clarified due to the diversity of cellular origin. Fibroblasts, which possess remarkable phenotypic plasticity that allows rapid adaption to fluctuating environment cues, have been demonstrated to play important roles in calcification of vasculature, valve and heart though our knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fibroblast phenotypic switching in the calcified process is far from complete. Indeed, the lack of definitive fibroblast lineage‐tracing studies and typical expression markers of fibroblasts raise major concerns regarding the contributions of fibroblasts during all the stages of cardiovascular calcification. The goal of this review was to rigorously summarize the current knowledge regarding possible phenotypes exhibited by fibroblasts within calcified cardiovascular system and evaluate the potential therapeutic targets that may control the phenotypic transition of fibroblasts in cardiovascular calcification.
Genome editing for plant research and crop improvement
Authors: Zhan Xiangqiang , Lu Yuming , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Botella Jose Ramon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) has had a profound impact on plant biology, and crop improvement. In this review, we summarize the state‐of‐the‐art development of CRISPR technologies and their applications in plants, from the initial introduction of random small indel (insertion or deletion) mutations at target genomic loci to precision editing such as base editing, prime editing and gene targeting. We describe advances in the use of class 2, types II, V, and VI systems for gene disruption as well as for precise sequence alterations, gene transcription, and epigenome control.
The risk factor analysis and treatment experience in pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia after kidney transplantation
Authors: Yang Pengfeng , Zhu Xiaoqiu , Liang Weixiang , Cai Ruiming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic infection among solid organ transplantation. The occurrence of PJP is dangerous and fatal if there is no early identification and sufficient treatment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and provide appropriate strategies of prophylaxis and treatment for PJP after kidney transplantation in our centre.Patients/MethodsFrom January 2009 to December 2018, a total of 167 kidney transplantation recipients with pneumonia were enrolled, including 47 PJP patients as PJP group and 120 non‐PJP patients as control group. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were analysed retrospectively.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that high total dosage of ATG [OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.12–3.68] and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were independent risk factors for PJP. Trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) (1.44 g q6h)–based treatment was used for 2 weeks, and its dosage and course were adjusted according to the therapeutic effect and side effects. Forty‐five cases were recovered after 3 months of follow‐up, and two patients died of respiratory failure. TMP‐SMX (0.48 g/day) prophylaxis was used for 3–6 months and prolonged to 7–8 months after treatment for acute rejection, which reduced the incidence of PJP compared with those without prophylaxis.ConclusionOur study suggests that the high total dosage of ATG and CMV infection indicate the increased risk of PJP. The strategies of prophylaxis and treatment for PJP after kidney transplantation in our centre were effective.
MOBP and HIP1 in multiple system atrophy: New α‐synuclein partners in glial cytoplasmic inclusions implicated in the disease pathogenesis
Authors: Bettencourt Conceição , Miki Yasuo , Piras Ignazio S. , de Silva Rohan , Foti Sandrine C. , Talboom Joshua S. , Revesz Tamas , Lashley Tammaryn , Balazs Robert , Viré Emmanuelle , Warner Thomas T. , Huentelman Matt J. , Holton Janice L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Similar to Parkinson's disease (PD), MSA is an α‐synucleinopathy, and its pathological hallmark consists of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) containing α‐synuclein (SNCA) in oligodendrocytes. We previously identified consistent changes in myelin‐associated oligodendrocyte basic protein (MOBP) and huntingtin interacting protein 1 (HIP1) DNA methylation status in MSA. We hypothesized that if differential DNA methylation at these loci is mechanistically relevant for MSA, it should have downstream consequences on gene regulation.MethodsWe investigated the relationship between MOBP and HIP1 DNA methylation and mRNA levels in cerebellar white matter from MSA and healthy controls. Additionally, we analysed protein expression using western blotting, immunohistochemistry and proximity ligation assays.ResultsWe found decreased MOBP mRNA levels significantly correlated with increased DNA methylation in MSA. For HIP1, we found a distinct relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression levels in MSA compared to healthy controls, suggesting this locus may be subjected to epigenetic remodelling in MSA. Although soluble protein levels for MOBP and HIP1 in cerebellar white matter were not significantly different between MSA cases and controls, we found striking differences between MSA and other neurodegenerative diseases, including PD and Huntington's disease. We also found that MOBP and HIP1 are mislocalized into the GCIs in MSA, where they appear to interact with SNCA.ConclusionsThis study supports a role for DNA methylation in downregulation of MOBP mRNA in MSA. Most importantly, the identification of MOBP and HIP1 as new constituents of GCIs emphasizes the relevance of these two loci to the pathogenesis of MSA.
The objectivity and subjectivity of pain practices in older adults with dementia: A critical reflection
Authors: Carragher Rianne M. , MacLeod Emily , Camargo‐Plazas Pilar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProviding nursing care for people with dementia residing in long‐term care facilities poses specific challenges regarding pain practices. With underlying communication barriers unique to dementia pathologies, this population is often unable to communicate verbal sentiments and descriptions of pain. In turn, nurses caring for older persons with dementia have difficulty assessing, managing and treating pain. Objectivity is an imperative factor in healthcare pain practices; however, it is difficult to objectively evaluate someone who cannot accurately communicate their experience of pain. Therefore, the authors believe that subjectivity is also an essential part of evaluating the person with dementia's experience of pain. In this critical reflection, the authors explore objectivity and subjectivity in relation to pain practices for dementia in long‐term care. A historical summary of pain is provided outlining the evolution of objectivity and subjectivity related to pain practices. The authors discuss the complexities of assessing and managing pain and offer a new perspective about the role of objectivity (and co‐existence of subjectivity) for nurses treating pain in the older adults with dementia.
Molecular mechanisms involved in functional macroevolution of plant transcription factors
Authors: Romani Facundo , Moreno Javier E. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryTranscription factors (TFs) are key components of the transcriptional regulation machinery. In plants, they accompanied the evolution from unicellular aquatic algae to complex flowering plants that dominate the land environment. The adaptations of the body plan and physiological responses required changes in the biological functions of TFs. Some ancestral gene regulatory networks are highly conserved, while others evolved more recently and only exist in particular lineages. The recent emergence of novel model organisms provided the opportunity for comparative studies, producing new insights to infer these evolutionary trajectories. In this review, we comprehensively revisit the recent literature on TFs of nonseed plants and algae, focusing on the molecular mechanisms driving their functional evolution. We discuss the particular contribution of changes in DNA‐binding specificity, protein–protein interactions and cis‐regulatory elements to gene regulatory networks. Current advances have shown that these evolutionary processes were shaped by changes in TF expression pattern, not through great innovation in TF protein sequences. We propose that the role of TFs associated with environmental and developmental regulation was unevenly conserved during land plant evolution.
Transthoracic intracardiac catheters in perioperative management of pediatric cardiac surgery patients: a single-center experience
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Vasanth , Gadhinglajkar Shrinivas V , Palanisamy Nithiyanandan , Sreedhar Rupa , Babu Saravana , Dharan Baiju S 
Published: December 2020

Background Transthoracic intracardiac catheters inserted under direct vision in the pulmonary artery and left atrium during cardiac surgery play major roles in the management of patients with complex congenital heart disease. We aimed to analyze the utility of transthoracic intracardiac catheters in the perioperative management of pediatric cardiac surgery patients and review catheter-related morbidity. Methods The computerized register of all pediatric cardiac surgery patients in whom transthoracic intracardiac catheters were inserted from 2012 to 2019 in a tertiary referral center were reviewed. Results Transthoracic pulmonary artery and left atrial catheters were inserted in 89 and 71 patients, respectively. The most common indications for pulmonary artery and left atrial catheters were total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (52%) and total cavopulmonary connection (58%) respectively. The most common reason for elevated pulmonary artery and left atrial pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass was left ventricular dysfunction. Transthoracic pulmonary artery catheters helped in diagnosing pulmonary hypertensive crisis (29%), surgical decision-making (14%), and ventilator therapy (16%). Left atrial catheters helped in the diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction (54%). The incidence of morbidity was 8.9% for transthoracic pulmonary artery catheters and 9.8% for left atrial catheters. Conclusion Transthoracic pulmonary artery catheters help in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertensive crisis, for making perioperative surgical decisions, and during ventilator therapy. Transthoracic left atrial catheters help in the diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction in the perioperative period. The diagnostic and treatment benefits provided by transthoracic intracardiac catheters outweigh the minor adverse events, supporting their continued use in the perioperative period.
Acute monocular oligemia in a patient with migraine with aura demonstrated using OCT-angiography: A case report
Authors: González-Martín-Moro Julio , Porta Etessam Jesús , Pilo de la Fuente Belén , Fuentes Vega Irene , Contreras Inés 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Migraine is one of the most common causes of transient visual loss. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides fast and non-invasive imaging of the retinal vessels. We report one case of monocular retinal oligemia demonstrated using OCTA during a migraine attack with aura. Case description: A 27-year-old man with a previous history of migraine with visual aura was seen in the emergency room due to acute left hemicranial pain with positive visual symptoms in his right eye. The patient reported a blue stain in his right eye. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) showed an extensive area of hypoperfusion in the macular region of his right eye. Forty-eight hours later visual symptoms had improved and the OCT-A showed a significant reduction in the area of hypoperfusion. Seven days later the patient was asymptomatic and retinal perfusion had returned to normal values. Conclusion: Monocular involvement suggests that these retinal vascular changes are independent from cerebral vascular changes, supporting the hypothesis of selective retinal ganglion cell layer spreading depression as the possible cause of some cases of retinal migraine.
Dye-Sensitized Hydrogen Production by Porphyrin/Rh-Doped-Titania-Nanosheet Complex
Authors: Onishi Ryota , Sano Keito , Shimada Tetsuya , Ishida Tamao , Takagi Shinsuke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rh-doped titania nanosheet (Rh-TNS, Ti1.78Rh0.02□0.20O40.22− (□: vacant)) was synthesized. The adsorption behavior of Zn(II)TMPyP4+ (Zinc(II) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin) on Rh-TNS was examined. According to the absorption and fluorescence measurements, the efficient fluorescence quenching of Zn(II)TMPyP4+ was observed on Rh-TNS, indicating the electron injection from excited Zn(II)TMPyP4+ to Rh-TNS. By irradiating monochromatic 450 nm light to Rh-TNS/Zn(II)TMPyP4+ complex under the presence of electron donor (ascorbic acid) in water, hydrogen production was observed. The quantum yield for hydrogen production was 5.0% under the optimized condition. The action spectra for hydrogen production well coincided with the absorption spectra of Zn(II)TMPyP4+. These results indicate that a dye-sensitized hydrogen production system where Rh-TNS was used as a host material, an electron acceptor and a catalyst, was established.
Efficient nano-tweezers via a silver plasmonic bowtie notch with curved grooves
Authors: Li Zong-Sian , Lu Tsan-Wen , Huang Pin-Ruei , Lee Po-Tsung 
Published: December 2020

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with a sharp field gradient and extremely strong field intensity is very attractive for near-field optical nano-tweezers manipulating tiny bio-objects with sizes ranging from sub-10 nm to micrometers. To lower the power consumption of optical trapping and improve the accessibility of LSPR for the targets, we propose and study a plasmonic bowtie notch design with assisted periodic curved grooves. By generating and coupling extra surface plasmon polariton waves into the LSPR, the presented design herein can significantly reduce the required power consumption in experiments for stably trapping single and multiple polystyrene spheres. We believe the idea and results presented in this paper would be helpful in realizing highly efficient nano-tweezers in the plasmonic circuit on-chip.