bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI and robotics in the European restaurant sector: Assessing potentials for process innovation in a high-contact service industry
Authors: Blöcher Katharina , Alt Rainer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe restaurant technology market is rapidly evolving and is transforming the restaurant business as a significant sector of tourism and hospitality. Enabled by artificial intelligence (AI), mobile apps, kiosks and chatbots revolutionize the guest experience and robots automate restaurant operations. Despite the increasing interest, the use of AI and robotics in restaurants is still in its early stage and restaurant managers are seeking guidance to leverage these technologies for service excellence. In this high-contact service sector, emotional skills need to be balanced with the possible automation potentials. The present research analyzes the current state of AI and robotics in the restaurant sector and proposes a systematic identification of process innovation potentials. For this purpose, a market analysis of the European AI and robotics market for restaurant operations is conducted, which yields a first knowledge base for future research and conceptual work. Besides detailed empirical data, a reference process is developed for leveraging new technologies for process innovation.
State of the art of friction modelling at interfaces subjected to elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL)
Authors: Bi Zhuming , Mueller Donald W. , Zhang Chris W. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is a type of fluid-film lubrication where hydrodynamic behaviors at contact surfaces are affected by both elastic deformation of surfaces and lubricant viscosity. Modelling of contact interfaces under EHL is challenging due to high nonlinearity, complexity, and the multi-disciplinary nature. This paper aims to understand the state of the art of computational modelling of EHL by (1) examining the literature on modeling of contact surfaces under boundary and mixed lubricated conditions, (2) emphasizing the methods on the friction prediction occurring to contact surfaces, and (3) exploring the feasibility of using commercially available software tools (especially, Simulia/Abaqus) to predict the friction and wear at contact surfaces of objects with relative reciprocating motions.
Geringe Literalität und politische Grundbildung: Die Bedeutung schriftsprachlicher Fähigkeiten für die Selbsteinschätzung politischer Grundkompetenzen
Authors: Dutz Gregor 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungPolitische Grundbildung hat sich inzwischen als ein inhaltlicher Pfeiler in der Diskussion um Grundbildung etabliert, wobei über die politikbezogenen Grundkompetenzen gering literalisierter Erwachsener bisher wenig bekannt ist. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Studie LEO 2018 und mithilfe logistischer Regressionsmodelle wird die These überprüft, dass gering literalisierte Erwachsene die eigenen politikbezogenen Kompetenzen als eher gering einschätzen und sich so vom politischen Feld ausschließen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass auch bei der Kontrolle verschiedener soziökonomischer Faktoren gering literalisierte Erwachsene mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit die eigenen Kompetenzen als eher niedrig einschätzen.
Osteoporose im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Raimann Adalbert , Haeusler Gabriele 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungOsteoporose ist eine Erkrankung des Skelettapparats, die durch eine Beeinträchtigung der Knochenmikroarchitektur zu einer erhöhten Knochenbruchrate führt. Während Osteoporose im höheren Erwachsenenalter eine häufige Diagnose darstellt, wird der Osteoporose des Kindes- und Jugendalters erst seit relativ kurzer Zeit zunehmend Bedeutung zugesprochen. Generell werden zwei unterschiedliche Formen der Erkrankung unterschieden: Die primäre Osteoporose wird verursacht durch genetische Veränderungen in skelettrelevanten Genen, die häufigste Erkrankungsgruppe stellt die Osteogenesis imperfecta mit ursächlichen Mutationen im Kollagen-1-Gen dar. Internistische Maßnahmen umfassen neben funktionell-therapeutischen Maßnahmen auch pharmakologische Therapien mit Bisphosphonaten. Die sekundäre Osteoporose als Symptom chronischer Grunderkrankungen oder pharmakologischer Interventionen weist eine deutlich höhere Prävalenz als die primären Formen der Osteoporose auf. Abhängig von Pathomechanismus und Verlauf der Grunderkrankung kommt es zu osteoporotischen Symptomen unterschiedlichster Ausprägung. Die Therapiekonzepte müssen der individuellen Symptomatik angepasst werden, die Datenlage zum Einsatz von Bisphosphonaten ist deutlich geringer als bei der Osteogenesis imperfecta. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen Überblick über Diagnostik und Therapie der sehr unterschiedlichen Formen der pädiatrischen Osteoporose sowie einen Einblick in die rezenten Entwicklungen für den primär und Sekundärversorgungsbereich zu geben.
Beirut Ammonium Nitrate Explosion: A Man-Made Disaster in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: El Sayed Mazen J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe largest non-nuclear blast in modern history took place on August 4, 2020, at 6:07 PM in Beirut, Lebanon, after an estimated 2750 tons of unsafely stored ammonium nitrate exploded. The physical and social impacts of this catastrophic event coinciding with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic were massive. This article describes the national and international emergency responses to this event and highlights the impact of the explosion on the health care sector in Lebanon. Challenges noted during this response with recommendations for improving response to future disasters are also described.
Expansive dynamics on locally compact groups
Authors: KITCHENS BRUCE P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLet

$\mathcal {G}$
be a second countable, Hausdorff topological group. If

$\mathcal {G}$
is locally compact, totally disconnected and T is an expansive automorphism then it is shown that the dynamical system

$(\mathcal {G}, T)$
is topologically conjugate to the product of a symbolic full-shift on a finite number of symbols, a totally wandering, countable-state Markov shift and a permutation of a countable coset space of

$\mathcal {G}$
that fixes the defining subgroup. In particular if the automorphism is transitive then

$\mathcal {G}$
is compact and

$(\mathcal {G}, T)$
is topologically conjugate to a full-shift on a finite number of symbols.
Macrointerest
Authors: Peterson David A. M. , Miller Joanne M. , Saunders Kyle L. , McClurg Scott D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn interested and engaged electorate is widely believed to be an indicator of democratic health. As such, the aggregate level of political interest of an electorate – macrointerest – is an essential commodity in a democracy, and understanding the forces that change macrointerest is important for diagnosing the health of a democracy. Because being interested in politics requires time and effort, the article theorizes that the electorate's level of political interest will be highest when the electorate believes the government cannot be trusted or is performing poorly. To test hypotheses derived from a proposed theory against rival explanations, the study develops a measure of macrointerest using a quarterly time series of aggregated survey items (1973–2014) of political interest. The authors find support for the theory that the electorate responds as reasonable agents when determining how closely to monitor elected officials: interest is positively related to decreases in trust in government.
Efficacy of balloon Eustachian tuboplasty as a first line treatment for otitis media with effusion in children
Authors: Demir B , Batman C 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the outcomes of ventilation tube insertion and balloon Eustachian tuboplasty as a first line treatment for otitis media with effusion in children.MethodThis was a retrospective evaluation of 62 children, 30 cases that underwent balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (group 1) and 32 cases that underwent ventilation tube insertion (group 2), from July 2016 to April 2018.ResultsThe pre-operative air–bone gap of patients who underwent balloon Eustachian tuboplasty was 15–35 dB (mean: 27.6 ± 8.2 dB). The mean pre-operative air–bone gap decreased to 9.6 dB after a mean of 14.4 months (p< 0.05). The air–bone gap decreased from 25.6 dB to 17.6 dB in the ventilation tube group. There was a significant improvement in the air–bone gap values in both groups; however, this decrease was significantly higher in the balloon Eustachian tuboplasty group (p= 0.043).ConclusionBalloon Eustachian tuboplasty may be an effective and safe method for use as a first-line treatment of otitis media with effusion in children.
Land Surface Temperature Trend and Its Drivers in East Africa
Authors: Abera Temesgen Alemayehu , Heiskanen Janne , Maeda Eduardo Eiji , Pellikka Petri K. E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLand surface temperature (LST) is affected by surface‐atmosphere interaction. Yet, the degree to which surface and atmospheric factors impact the magnitude of LST trend is not well established. Here, we used surface energy balance, boosted regression tree model, and satellite observation and reanalysis data to unravel the effects of surface factors (albedo, sensible heat, latent heat, and ground heat) as well as incoming radiation (shortwave and longwave) on LST trends in East Africa (EA). Our result showed that 11% of EA was affected by significant (p < 0.05) daytime annual LST trends, which exhibited both cooling of −0.19 K year−1 (mainly in South Sudan and Sudan) and warming of 0.22 K year−1 (mainly in Somalia and Kenya). The nighttime LST trends affected a large part of EA (31%) and were dominated by significant warming trend (0.06 K year−1). Influenced by contrasting daytime and nighttime LST trends, the diurnal LST range reduced in 15% of EA. The modeling result showed that latent heat flux (32%), incoming longwave radiation (30%), and shortwave radiation (23%) were stronger in explaining daytime LST trend. The effects of surface factors were stronger in both cooling and warming trends, whereas atmospheric factors had stronger control only on surface cooling trends. These results indicate the differential control of surface and atmospheric factors on warming and cooling trends, highlighting the importance of considering both factors for accurate evaluation of the LST trends in the future.
Long‐Term Variability and Tendencies in Middle Atmosphere Temperature and Zonal Wind From WACCM6 Simulations During 1850–2014
Authors: Ramesh K. , Smith Anne K. , Garcia Rolando R. , Marsh Daniel R. , Sridharan S. , Kishore Kumar K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLong‐term variability of middle atmosphere temperature (T) and zonal wind (U) is investigated using a three‐member ensemble of historical simulations of NCAR's Whole Atmospheric Community Climate Model latest version 6 (WACCM6) for 1850–2014 (165 years). The model reproduces the climatological features of T and U. The contributions of Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO) at 10 and 30 hPa, solar cycle (SC), El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), ozone depleting substances (ODS), carbon dioxide (CO2), and stratospheric sulfate aerosol (volcanic eruptions) to change in monthly zonal mean T and U are analyzed using multiple linear regression. The signal due to CO2 increase dominates as a predictor of the net multidecadal global annual mean temperature change at all levels in the middle atmosphere. Contributions from ODS also affect the net multidecadal global mean temperature trend in the stratosphere. Because of similarities in the time evolution of the emissions of CO2 and ODS, the analysis of existing model output cannot accurately separate the attributions of cooling to these two dominant forcing processes. On shorter time scales, solar flux variations are the largest source of variability in the mesosphere while volcanic eruptions are the largest in the stratosphere. In the stratosphere and mesosphere, both QBO and ENSO can significantly impact zonal mean temperature and zonal‐mean zonal wind depending on latitudes, but their impact on the multidecadal global mean temperature trend is very small.
The Roles of Climate Extremes, Ecological Succession, and Hydrology in Repeated Permafrost Aggradation and Degradation in Fens on the Tanana Flats, Alaska
Authors: Jorgenson M. Torre , Douglas Thomas A. , Liljedahl Anna K. , Roth Joanna E. , Cater Tim C. , Davis Wendy A. , Frost Gerald V. , Miller Patricia F. , Racine Charles H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Tanana Flats in central Alaska are a hot spot for thermokarst that is rapidly transforming the landscape. Time series analysis of high‐resolution imagery showed that permafrost degradation increased the area of three large fens by 26% from 1949 to 2018, but surprisingly permafrost also aggraded in small areas. Permafrost soils in adjacent birch forests frequently had fen peat near the surface indicating recent permafrost degradation and aggradation. We attribute groundwater as the primary driver of recent permafrost degradation, while climate extremes (especially cold, less snowy winters) caused recent permafrost aggradation, but only after ecological succession provided conditions favorable for permafrost formation. Near‐surface groundwater temperatures during early winters (2–6°C during 2011–2014) contributed to a near steady rate of lateral permafrost degradation (0.36 m/yr) over three periods. Fairbanks climate records (1904–2019) showed large ranges in mean winter temperatures (12°C) and snow depths (69 cm) between cold, less snowy winters and warm, snowy winters. During ecological succession from the collapsing margins to the fen centers over a ~250‐yr period, vegetation transitioned from aquatic forbs to shrubs and mosses, water depths decreased, and the soil carbon stock of new peat increased. These interactions among permafrost, groundwater, climate warming, and succession complicate our ability to project future ecological transitions and soil carbon changes across this dynamic boreal lowland landscape. The more frequent warm, snowy winters since 2014 and model projections for warmer winters, however, indicate that the region has crossed a tipping point where permafrost will no longer form and permafrost loss is irreversible.
Evaporation From Unsaturated Soils as a Function of the Air and Soil Sides of the Land Surface
Authors: de Amesti Pedro , de la Fuente Alberto , Suárez Francisco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA theoretical framework for computing the evaporation from unsaturated soils is presented and validated based on laboratory experiments that were conducted in an uncontrolled environment where forcing variables vary in time according to diurnal meteorological cycles. This theory introduces a dimensionless number that controls the ratio between the actual and potential evaporation from unsaturated soils. The dimensionless number depends on the transfer velocity, which characterizes evaporation into the atmosphere, the diffusion coefficient of water vapor in the soil, and the water table depth. We show that depending on the value of the dimensionless number, evaporation can be limited by either the air‐side or the soil‐side of the land surface. For large transfer velocity values, evaporation is controlled by water vapor diffusion in the soil, while for shallow water tables, evaporation is controlled by water vapor transport from the land surface into the atmosphere. Despite the good agreement between the shape of the observed and predicted evaporation rates, a fitted dimensionless parameter is required to match the predicted evaporation rates. Possible explanations for this disagreement are given in the discussion.
The prevalence of pediatric metabolic syndrome—a critical look on the discrepancies between definitions and its clinical importance
Authors: Reisinger Carolin , Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta N. , Fredriksen Per Morten , Goswami Nandu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) describes the clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors—including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, high levels of triglycerides, and low levels of high-density lipoproteins—that increase the risk for developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, a generally accepted definition of MetS in pediatric patients is still lacking.ObjectivesThe aim was to summarize current prevalence data of childhood MetS as well as to discuss the continuing disagreement between different pediatric definitions and the clinical importance of such diagnosis.MethodologyA systematic literature search on the prevalence of pediatric MetS was conducted. Articles that were published during the past 5 years (2014–2019), using at least one of four predetermined classifications (International Diabetes Federation, Cook et al., Ford et al., and de Ferranti et al.), were included.ResultsThe search resulted in 1167 articles, of which 31 publications met all inclusion criteria.DiscussionThe prevalence of MetS ranged between 0.3 and 26.4%, whereby the rising number of children and adolescents with MetS partly depended on the definition used. The IDF definition generally provided the lowest prevalences (0.3–9.5%), whereas the classification of de Ferranti et al. yielded the highest (4.0–26.4%). In order to develop a more valid definition, further research on long-term consequences of childhood risk factors such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is needed. There is also a temptation to suggest one valid, globally accepted definition of metabolic syndrome for pediatric populations but we believe that it is more appropriate to suggest definitions of MetS that are specific to males vs. females, as well as being specific to race/ethnicity or geographic region. Finally, while this notion of definitions of MetS specific to certain subgroups is important, it still needs to be tested in future research.
Metastasis: crosstalk between tissue mechanics and tumour cell plasticity
Authors: Coban Bircan , Bergonzini Cecilia , Zweemer Annelien J. M. , Danen Erik H. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite the fact that different genetic programmes drive metastasis of solid tumours, the ultimate outcome is the same: tumour cells are empowered to pass a series of physical hurdles to escape the primary tumour and disseminate to other organs. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed to drive the detachment of individual cells from primary tumour masses and facilitate the subsequent establishment of metastases in distant organs. However, this concept has been challenged by observations from pathologists and from studies in animal models, in which partial and transient acquisition of mesenchymal traits is seen but tumour cells travel collectively rather than as individuals. In this review, we discuss how crosstalk between a hybrid E/M state and variations in the mechanical aspects of the tumour microenvironment can provide tumour cells with the plasticity required for strategies to navigate surrounding tissues en route to dissemination. Targeting such plasticity provides therapeutic opportunities to combat metastasis.
Organoid-based modeling of intestinal development, regeneration, and repair
Authors: Sprangers Joep , Zaalberg Irene C. , Maurice Madelon M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe intestinal epithelium harbors a remarkable adaptability to undergo injury-induced repair. A key part of the regenerative response is the transient reprogramming of epithelial cells into a fetal-like state, which drives uniform proliferation, tissue remodeling, and subsequent restoration of the homeostatic state. In this review, we discuss how Wnt and YAP signaling pathways control the intestinal repair response and the transitioning of cell states, in comparison with the process of intestinal development. Furthermore, we highlight how organoid-based applications have contributed to the characterization of the mechanistic principles and key players that guide these developmental and regenerative events.
Data integration for prediction of weight loss in randomized controlled dietary trials
Authors: Nielsen Rikke Linnemann , Helenius Marianne , Garcia Sara L. , Roager Henrik M. , Aytan-Aktug Derya , Hansen Lea Benedicte Skov , Lind Mads Vendelbo , Vogt Josef K. , Dalgaard Marlene Danner , Bahl Martin I. , Jensen Cecilia Bang , Muktupavela Rasa , Warinner Christina , Aaskov Vincent , Gøbel Rikke , Kristensen Mette , Frøkiær Hanne , Sparholt Morten H. , Christensen Anders F. , Vestergaard Henrik , Hansen Torben , Kristiansen Karsten , Brix Susanne , Petersen Thomas Nordahl , Lauritzen Lotte , Licht Tine Rask , Pedersen Oluf , Gupta Ramneek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiet is an important component in weight management strategies, but heterogeneous responses to the same diet make it difficult to foresee individual weight-loss outcomes. Omics-based technologies now allow for analysis of multiple factors for weight loss prediction at the individual level. Here, we classify weight loss responders (N = 106) and non-responders (N = 97) of overweight non-diabetic middle-aged Danes to two earlier reported dietary trials over 8 weeks. Random forest models integrated gut microbiome, host genetics, urine metabolome, measures of physiology and anthropometrics measured prior to any dietary intervention to identify individual predisposing features of weight loss in combination with diet. The most predictive models for weight loss included features of diet, gut bacterial species and urine metabolites (ROC-AUC: 0.84–0.88) compared to a diet-only model (ROC-AUC: 0.62). A model ensemble integrating multi-omics identified 64% of the non-responders with 80% confidence. Such models will be useful to assist in selecting appropriate weight management strategies, as individual predisposition to diet response varies.
Solution structure of Gaussia Luciferase with five disulfide bonds and identification of a putative coelenterazine binding cavity by heteronuclear NMR
Authors: Wu Nan , Kobayashi Naohiro , Tsuda Kengo , Unzai Satoru , Saotome Tomonori , Kuroda Yutaka , Yamazaki Toshio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGaussia luciferase (GLuc) is a small luciferase (18.2 kDa; 168 residues) and is thus attracting much attention as a reporter protein, but the lack of structural information is hampering further application. Here, we report the first solution structure of a fully active, recombinant GLuc determined by heteronuclear multidimensional NMR. We obtained a natively folded GLuc by bacterial expression and efficient refolding using a Solubility Enhancement Petide (SEP) tag. Almost perfect assignments of GLuc’s 1H, 13C and 15N backbone signals were obtained. GLuc structure was determined using CYANA, which automatically identified over 2500 NOEs of which > 570 were long-range. GLuc is an all-alpha-helix protein made of nine helices. The region spanning residues 10–18, 36–81, 96–145 and containing eight out of the nine helices was determined with a Cα-atom RMSD of 1.39 Å ± 0.39 Å. The structure of GLuc is novel and unique. Two homologous sequential repeats form two anti-parallel bundles made by 4 helices and tied together by three disulfide bonds. The N-terminal helix 1 is grabbed by these 4 helices. Further, we found a hydrophobic cavity where several residues responsible for bioluminescence were identified in previous mutational studies, and we thus hypothesize that this is a catalytic cavity, where the hydrophobic coelenterazine binds and the bioluminescence reaction takes place.