bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imidazole Type Antifungal Drugs Are Effective Colistin Adjuvants That Resensitize Colistin‐Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Xu Chen , Chen Kaichao , Chan Kin Fai , Chan Edward Wai Chi , Guo Xuyun , Chow Hoi Yee , Zhao Guangming , Zeng Ping , Wang Miaomiao , Zhu Ye , Li Xuechen , Wong Kwok‐Yin , Chen Sheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe clinical value of the last‐line antibiotic colistin is limited by its toxicity and the increasing prevalence of drug resistance in recent years. These two issues can be tackled by searching for adjuvant compounds that enhance colistin activity and facilitate reduction of treatment dosage. This study identifies a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved drug, econazole, which can act synergistically with colistin to effectively eradicate colistin‐resistant bacteria both in vitro and in a mouse infection model, and treat infections caused by colistin‐susceptible bacteria in lower doses. Structural analysis shows that econazole exhibits high lipid affinity and acts as an ionophore. Functional assays and microscopy analysis confirm that econazole causes dissipation of transmembrane proton motive force (PMF) and damage to the bacterial cell membrane. Its synergistic effect with colistin might be due to the combination of these two compounds causing further collapse of PMF, arrest of various cellular functions, and eventually cell death. These findings suggest that the econazole and colistin drug combination is highly effective in eradicating colistin‐resistant Gram negative bacterial pathogens regardless of their mechanism of colistin resistance.
Interface Engineering Driven Stabilization of Halide Perovskites against Moisture, Heat, and Light for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Singh Aditya Narayan , Kajal Sandeep , Kim Junu , Jana Atanu , Kim Jin Young , Kim Kwang S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMoisture, heat, and light instabilities of halide perovskites (HPs) represent a serious Achilles' heel that must be overcome, to enable future advancements in perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. The instabilities are attributed to the unavoidable fragile ionic bonding between cationic and anionic parts of HPs during their formation. Surface passivation of HPs by various surface‐passivating materials has proven to be an attractive approach to stabilize perovskites against moisture, heat, and light, keeping intact their structural integrity and ionic bonding. Herein, the experimental and theoretical background for degradation mechanisms of HPs is reviewed along with various surface passivating materials to stabilize HPs. Finally, the existing challenges associated with thin‐film and device fabrication and an outlook for improving the stability of perovskites in optoelectronics are presented
Highly Elastic Binder for Improved Cyclability of Nickel‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chang Barsa , Kim Jaemin , Cho Yunshik , Hwang Insu , Jung Min Soo , Char Kookheon , Lee Kyu Tae , Kim Ki Jae , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNickel‐rich layered cathode materials are predominantly used for lithium‐ion batteries intended for electric vehicles owing to their high specific capacities and minimal use of high‐cost cobalt. The intrinsic drawbacks of nickel‐rich layered cathode materials with regard to cycle life and safety have largely been addressed by doping and by applying surface coatings. Here, it is reported that a highly elastic binder, namely spandex, can overcome the problems of nickel‐rich layered cathode materials and improve their electrochemical properties drastically. The high elasticity of spandex allows it to uniformly coat LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 particles via shear force during slurry mixing to protect the particles from undesired interfacial reactions during cycling. The uniform coating of spandex, together with its hydrogen bonding interaction with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2, leads to enhanced particle‐to‐particle interaction, which has multiple advantages, such as high loading capability, superior rate and cycling performance, and low binder content. This study highlights the promise of elastic binders to meet the ever‐challenging criteria with respect to nickel‐rich cathode materials in cells targeting electric vehicles.
An Areal‐Energy Standard to Validate Air‐Breathing Electrodes for Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Hopkins Brandon J. , Chervin Christopher N. , Parker Joseph F. , Long Jeffrey W. , Rolison Debra R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRechargeable zinc–air batteries may become safe, sustainable, low‐cost, and energy‐dense alternatives to Li‐ion batteries for many applications, but problems associated with today's air‐breathing electrodes limit zinc–air performance. To overcome this challenge, researchers have investigated hundreds of air‐breathing electrode variations over the last decade. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these variations remains ambiguous due to nonstandardized cycling protocols that map to areal‐energy values spanning five orders of magnitude. To compete with Li‐ion batteries, researchers should cycle zinc–air cells at 35 mWh cmgeo−2, but only 8, of the 100 publications reviewed here, breach this threshold. Once the community cycles zinc–air cells at the proposed areal energy and better understands failure mechanisms, lab‐scale results will translate to practical advancements.
Medieval menarche: Changes in pubertal timing before and after the Black Death
Authors: DeWitte Sharon N. , Lewis Mary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesBioarcheological evidence suggests stature increased in males but decreased in females after the Black Death (1348‐1350 CE). Because tradeoffs between growth and reproduction can result in earlier ages at menarche and lower limb length, we assess menarcheal age between 1120 and 1540 CE to better understand the health of medieval adolescent females before and after the plague.Materials and MethodsOur sample comprises 74 adolescent females from St. Mary Spital, London (1120‐1540 CE) within the age range during which menarche occurs (10‐25 years). They were assessed as being pre‐ or post‐menarcheal and divided into three groups: Early Pre‐Black Death (n = 13), Late Pre‐Black Death (n = 38), and Post‐Black Death (n = 23). Changes in the ages of pre‐ and post‐menarcheal females were assessed using Mann‐Whitney tests.ResultsThe average age of post‐menarcheal females increased from the Early‐ to Late Pre‐Black Death periods and declined after the Black Death.ConclusionsShort stature can reflect unfavorable growth environments, while younger menarcheal age indicates improved living conditions. The paradoxical pattern of female, but not male, stature reduction after the Black Death might reflect the association of early menarche with lower limb length and signal that adolescent females experienced improved health conditions after the epidemic. Our focus on pre‐ and post‐menarche within a limited age span provides a novel approach for inferring average ages of menarche over time. Pathways to skeletal development and reproductive investment are part of an integrated system, providing a bridge between life history research in bioarchaeology and human biology.
P > .05: The incorrect interpretation of “not significant” results is a significant problem
Authors: Smith Richard J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStatistically nonsignificant (p > .05) results from a null hypothesis significance test (NHST) are often mistakenly interpreted as evidence that the null hypothesis is true—that there is “no effect” or “no difference.” However, many of these results occur because the study had low statistical power to detect an effect. Power below 50% is common, in which case a result of no statistical significance is more likely to be incorrect than correct. The inference of “no effect” is not valid even if power is high. NHST assumes that the null hypothesis is true; p is the probability of the data under the assumption that there is no effect. A statistical test cannot confirm what it assumes. These incorrect statistical inferences could be eliminated if decisions based on p values were replaced by a biological evaluation of effect sizes and their confidence intervals. For a single study, the observed effect size is the best estimate of the population effect size, regardless of the p value. Unlike p values, confidence intervals provide information about the precision of the observed effect. In the biomedical and pharmacology literature, methods have been developed to evaluate whether effects are “equivalent,” rather than zero, as tested with NHST. These methods could be used by biological anthropologists to evaluate the presence or absence of meaningful biological effects. Most of what appears to be known about no difference or no effect between sexes, between populations, between treatments, and other circumstances in the biological anthropology literature is based on invalid statistical inference.
Metal‐Based Multihelicenic Architectures
Authors: Gauthier Etienne S. , Rodríguez Rafael , Crassous Jeanne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe preparation of multihelicenic systems by conventional organic synthesis is a challenging task and under continuous development. In parallel, using complexing units grafted to or incorporated within the helicene core and taking advantage of coordination/organometallic chemistry constitutes a powerful strategy to obtain multihelicenic structures. This Minireview focuses on the state‐of‐the‐art preparation of metal‐based multihelicenic architectures such as coordination‐driven supramolecular assemblies and organometallic architectures. Their properties and their applications are presented.
Hydroxymethylation of xylenol over micro/mesoporous TiO2‐containing bifunctional catalyst: Effect of the Y zeolite incorporation with MCM‐41
Authors: Xv Yajin , Tao Ning , Feng Yuchen , Lv Jianhua , Liu Jidong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe hydrodemethylation reaction of 3,4‐xylenol on micro/mesoporous catalysts with active component TiO2 was studied. TiO2/YM‐m and TiO2/YM‐c micro/mesoporous materials were, respectively, derived by loading TiO2 with the composition and mechanical mixing of Al‐MCM‐41 and HY zeolite. The effect of the bifunctional catalysts on the catalytic performance of hydroxymethylation of xylenol before and after the introduction of Al‐MCM‐41 into HY was investigated in this study. Compared with TiO2/Y catalyst, TiO2/MCM‐41, TiO2/YM‐m, and TiO2/YM‐c have higher selective dealkylation products, especially the selectivity of cresol. This is attributed to the addition of Al‐MCM‐41 mesoporous molecular sieve to eliminate diffusion limitation. Compared with TiO2/YM‐m catalyst, the TiO2/YM‐c composite with Al‐MCM‐41 coated structure grown on the surface of HY crystals has better catalytic conversion activity and ability to inhibit secondary reactions. This is because of the existence of the special “coating” of HY zeolite, which eliminates the diffusion limitation and prevents the product and the reaction intermediate from entering the micropores for multiple reactions, thereby reducing the occurrence of side reactions. Meanwhile, TiO2/YM‐c catalyst has the best demethylation performance under the optimal reaction conditions, the conversion of 3,4‐xylenol, the selectivity to phenol, and m‐cresol were 52.15%, 62.17%, and 36.32%, respectively. And the TiO2/YM‐c catalyst has good stability within 80 h of reaction.
When more is less: The P‐type binary habitability paradox
Authors: Cuntz Manfred , Wang Zhaopeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the case of single stars, larger stellar luminosities always entail larger habitable zones (HZs). If the stellar luminosity is increased, the HZs are established at larger stellar distances, and their widths are broader. However, studies have shown that this behavior is not necessarily the case for P‐type HZs of binary systems. In some of those systems, the width of the circumbinary HZ is smaller (or even nonexisting) than the width of the primary's HZ if they are considered a single star—an obvious paradox considering that the total luminosity of the binary is always larger than that of the system's primary. Here, we present a tutorial study of this behavior for theoretical main‐sequence stars with the combined masses of the stellar components equal to two solar masses. The planetary climate models are chosen in correspondence to the general HZ. The paradox is found to occur for systems of relatively unequal stellar masses (or luminosities) or in systems where the separation distances or eccentricities of the stellar components are relatively large.
Mapping the Relationship between Dysmorphology and Cognitive, Behavioral, and Developmental Outcomes in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Tian Lin H. , Wiggins Lisa D. , Schieve Laura A. , Yeargin‐Allsopp Marshalyn , Dietz Patricia , Aylsworth Arthur S. , Elias Ellen R. , Hoover‐Fong Julie E. , Meeks Naomi J. L. , Souders Margaret C. , Tsai Anne C.‐H. , Zackai Elaine H. , Alexander Aimee A. , Dowling Nicole F. , Shapira Stuart K. 
Published: June 2020

Previous studies investigating the association between dysmorphology and cognitive, behavioral, and developmental outcomes among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been limited by the binary classification of dysmorphology and lack of comparison groups. We assessed the association using a continuous measure of dysmorphology severity (DS) in preschool children aged 2–5 years (322 with ASD and intellectual disability [ID], 188 with ASD without ID, and 371 without ASD from the general population [POP]). In bivariate analyses, an inverse association between DS and expressive language, receptive language, fine motor, and visual reception skills was observed in children with ASD and ID. An inverse association of DS with fine motor and visual reception skills, but not expressive language and receptive language, was found in children with ASD without ID. No associations were observed in POP children. These results persisted after exclusion of children with known genetic syndromes or major morphologic anomalies. Quantile regression models showed that the inverse relationships remained significant after adjustment for sex, race/ethnicity, maternal education, family income, study site, and preterm birth. DS was not associated with autistic traits or autism symptom severity, behaviors, or regression among children with ASD with or without ID. Thus, DS was associated with a global impairment of cognitive functioning in children with ASD and ID, but only with fine motor and visual reception deficits in children with ASD without ID. A better understanding is needed for mechanisms that explain the association between DS and cognitive impairment in children with different disorders. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1227‐1238. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe examined whether having more dysmorphic features (DFs) was related to developmental problems among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with or without intellectual disability (ID), and children without ASD from the general population (POP). Children with ASD and ID had more language, movement, and learning issues as the number of DFs increased. Children with ASD without ID had more movement and learning issues as the number of DFs increased. These relationships were not observed in the POP group. Implications are discussed.
The role of the urologist, BCG vaccine administration, and SARS‐CoV‐2: An overview
Authors: Brooks Nathan A. , Narayan Vikram , Hegarty Paul K. , Zafirakis Helen , Han Xiang‐Yang , Kamat Ashish M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo summarize the available literature regarding bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) administration, severe acute respiratory syndrome conoravirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), and the resulting clinical condition coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in light of recent epidemiologic work suggesting decreased infection severity in BCG immunized populations while highlighting the potential role of the urologist in clinical trials and ongoing research efforts.Materials and methodsWe reviewed the available literature regarding COVID‐19 and BCG vaccination. Specifically, the epidemiologic evidence for decreased COVID‐19 morbidity in countries with BCG vaccination programs, current clinical trials for BCG vaccination to protect against COVID‐19, potential mechanisms and rationale for this protection, and the role of the urologist and urology clinic in providing support and/or leading ongoing efforts.ResultsEpidemiologic evidence suggests that the crude case fatality rates are lower for countries with BCG vaccination compared to those without such programs. Four prospective, randomized clinical trials for BCG vaccination were identified including NCT04348370 (BADAS), NCT04327206 (BRACE), NCT04328441 (BCG‐CORONA), and NCT04350931. BCG administration may contribute to innate and adaptive immune priming with several opportunities for translational research.ConclusionsThe urologist’s expertise with BCG and the infrastructure of urologic clinics may afford several opportunities for collaboration and leadership to evaluate and understand the potential role of BCG in the current COVID‐19 pandemic.
Structural Basis of Nucleosome Recognition and Modulation
Authors: Sundaram Rajivgandhi , Vasudevan Dileep 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChromatin structure and dynamics regulate key cellular processes such as DNA replication, transcription, repair, remodeling, and gene expression, wherein different protein factors interact with the nucleosomes. In these events, DNA and RNA polymerases, chromatin remodeling enzymes and transcription factors interact with nucleosomes, either in a DNA‐sequence‐specific manner and/or by recognizing different structural features on the nucleosome. The molecular details of the recognition of a nucleosome by different viral proteins, remodeling enzymes, histone post‐translational modifiers, and RNA polymerase II, have been explored in the recent past. The present review puts forth critical insights into the basic mechanisms of nucleosome recognition by the various protein factors and the role of distinct surface epitopes on a nucleosome. These determinants of the underlying specificity include features such as the acidic patch, arginine anchor, histone post‐translational modifications, core DNA, DNA lesions, and linker DNA.
Emerging High‐Level Tigecycline Resistance: Novel Tetracycline Destructases Spread via the Mobile Tet(X)
Authors: Fang Liang‐Xing , Chen Chong , Cui Chao‐Yue , Li Xing‐Ping , Zhang Yan , Liao Xiao‐Ping , Sun Jian , Liu Ya‐Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAntibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a great threat to global public health. Tigecycline is a next‐generation tetracycline that is the final line of defense against severe infections by pan‐drug‐resistant bacterial pathogens. Unfortunately, this last‐resort antibiotic has been challenged by the recent emergence of the mobile Tet(X) orthologs that can confer high‐level tigecycline resistance. As it is reviewed here, these novel tetracycline destructases represent a growing threat to the next‐generation tetracyclines, and a basic framework for understanding the molecular epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of them is presented. However, further large‐scale epidemiological and functional studies are urgently needed to better understand the prevalence and dissemination of these newly discovered Tet(X) orthologs among Gram‐negative bacteria in both human and veterinary medicine.
Bayesian confidence intervals for the difference between variances of delta‐lognormal distributions
Authors: Maneerat Patcharee , Niwitpong Sa‐Aat , Niwitpong Suparat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnnatural rainfall fluctuation can result in such severe natural phenomena as drought and floods. This variability not only occurs in areas with unusual natural features such as land formations and drainage but can also be due to human intervention. Since rainfall data often contain zero values, evaluating rainfall change is an important undertaking, which can be estimated via the confidence intervals for the difference between delta‐lognormal variances using the highest posterior density–based reference (HPD‐ref) and probability‐matching (HPD‐pm) priors. Simulation results indicate that HPD‐pm performances were better than other methods in terms of coverage rates and relative average lengths for the difference in delta‐lognormal variances, even with a large difference in variances. To illustrate the efficacy of our proposed methods, we applied them to daily rainfall data sets for the lower and upper regions of northern Thailand.
Parametric mode regression for bounded responses
Authors: Zhou Haiming , Huang Xianzheng ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe propose new parametric frameworks of regression analysis with the conditional mode of a bounded response as the focal point of interest. Covariate effects estimation and prediction based on the maximum likelihood method under two new classes of regression models are demonstrated. We also develop graphical and numerical diagnostic tools to detect various sources of model misspecification. Predictions based on different central tendency measures inferred using various regression models are compared using synthetic data in simulations. Finally, we conduct regression analysis for data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative to demonstrate practical implementation of the proposed methods. Supporting Information that contain technical details and additional simulation and data analysis results are available online.
Selective quantification of lacosamide in human plasma using UPLC–MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetic study in healthy subjects with different doses
Authors: Bharwad Kirtikumar D. , Shah Priyanka A. , Shrivastav Pranav S. , Sharma Vinay S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA practical, sensitive, and robust UPLC–MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify lacosamide in human plasma. A simple one‐step protein precipitation was used to extract lacosamide and labeled lacosamide‐13C, D3 as an internal standard (IS) from 150‐μL plasma. The extracts were analyzed on an Eclipse Plus C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) using 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol:acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) under gradient conditions. The extracts were quantified on LCMS‐8040 using electrospray ionization source operated in positive ionization and multiple reaction monitoring modes. The method showed good linearity from 0.02 to 20 μg/mL, which was adequate to cover lacosamide concentration assayed in formulations with different strengths. The bioanalytical assay was fully validated as per current regulatory guidelines. The intra‐batch and inter‐batch precision values of lacosamide were less than 4.6%. Lacosamide was found to be stable at different storage conditions. The extraction recoveries and IS‐normalized matrix factors for lacosamide ranged from 97.17 to 99.68% and from 0.973 to 1.012, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study with three lacosamide formulations (50, 100, and 200 mg) in 36 healthy subjects. The assay reliability was determined by reanalysis of 81 subject samples.