bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of Male Condoms When Used With and Without a Silicone Placebo Vaginal Ring—A Randomized, Crossover Trial
Authors: Nel Annalene , Malherbe Mariëtte , van Niekerk Neliëtte , Beksinska Mags , Greener Ross , Smit Jennifer , Frezieres Ron , Walsh Terri 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The dapivirine vaginal ring reduced the risk of HIV infection by approximately 30% in Phase III trials. To ensure higher levels of protection against HIV and sexually transmitted infections, women should be counseled to use condoms when using the vaginal ring. This article evaluates the compatibility of male condoms with a placebo vaginal ring.

Methods:
This was a 2-period crossover, randomized, noninferiority trial. Couples in 2 sites in the United States were randomized to male condom use, with and without a placebo silicone vaginal ring, and asked to use 4 male condoms in each period. The primary noninferiority end points were total clinical failure and their component failure events (clinical breakage or slippage). Frequencies and percentages were calculated for each failure mode and differences in performance of the 2 periods using the male condom without the ring as reference. Noninferiority was defined using a 3% margin at the 5% significance level. Safety and acceptability were also assessed.

Results:
Seventy couples were enrolled, and 68 completed the trial with a total of 275 male condoms used in each period. Total condom clinical failure rates were 2.2% and 4.0% in the presence and absence of the vaginal ring, respectively, with a difference of −1.9% (95% confidence interval: −5.3% to 1.5%), thereby demonstrating noninferiority when used with the ring. There was no difference in safety between the 2 periods.

Discussion:
Concurrent use of the placebo silicone vaginal ring had no significant effect on male condom functionality or safety outcomes.
A Dose Simulation X-Ray Software
Authors: Meunier Benjamin , Boënnec Ronan , Dujardin Paul-Armand , Rafin Jean M. , Sirinelli Dominique , Chassagnon Guillaume , Morel Baptiste 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
Chest radiography is one of the most frequent x-ray examinations performed on children. Reducing the delivered dose is always a major task. The objective of our study was to determine the minimum dose to be delivered while maintaining the image quality of chest radiographs, using dose reduction simulation software.

Materials and Methods:
We included 60 children who had had a chest radiography in 5 groups established according to the diagnostic reference levels equitably represented by weight ranges. The software simulated for each radiograph 6 additional simulated photonic noise images corresponding to 100%, 80%, 64%, 50%, 40%, and 32% of the initial dose. The 360 radiographs were blindly scored by 2 radiologists, according to the 7 European quality criteria and a subjective criterion of interpretability, using a semiquantitative visual Lickert scale.

Results:
There was no significant difference in scoring between the reference radiograph (100%) and simulated radiographs at 80% of the dose in children between 5 and 20 kg, 50% of the dose in children between 20 and 30 kg, and between simulated radiographs at 40% of the dose in children over 30 kg. Interobserver reproducibility was moderate to excellent.

Conclusion:
Chest radiography dose might be reduced by 20% in children between 5 and 20 kg, 50% in children between 20 and 30 kg, and 60% in children over 30 kg, without any difference in the image quality appreciation. Software that produced simulated x-ray with decreasing delivered dose is an innovating tool for an optimization process.
Delta Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Can be a Stronger Predictor of Mortality Than Pre-Aortic Occlusion SBP in Non-Compressible Torso Hemorrhage: An Abotrauma and Aorta Analysis
Authors: Duchesne Juan , McGreevy David , Nilsson Kristofer , DuBose Joseph , Rasmussen Todd E. , Brenner Megan , Jacome Tomas , Hörer Tal , Tatum Danielle 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is becoming a standardized adjunct for the management in patients with severe non-compressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH). Although guidelines have been developed to help with the best indications for REBOA utilization, no studies have addressed the significance of change in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) after REBOA insufflation. We hypothesized that ΔSBP would predict mortality in patients with NCTH and have utility as a surrogate marker for hemorrhage status.

Study Design:
This was an international, multicenter retrospective review of all patients managed with REBOA from the ABOTrauma Registry and the AORTA database. ΔSBP was defined as the difference between pre- and post-REBOA insertion SBP. Based on post-insertion SBP, patient hemorrhage status was categorized as responder or non-responder. A non-responder was defined as a hypotensive patient with systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg after REBOA placement with full aortic occlusion. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
A total of 524 patients with NCTH were included. Most (74%) were male, 77% blunt injured with a median age of 40 (27–58) years and Injury Severity Score 34 (25–45). Overall mortality was 51.0%. Twenty percent of patients were classified as non-responders. Demographic and injury descriptors did not differ between groups. Mortality was significantly higher in non-responders versus responders (64% versus 46%, respectively; P = 0.001). Non-responders had lower median pre-insertion SBP (50 mm Hg vs. 67 mm Hg; P < 0.001) and lower ΔSBP (20 mm Hg vs. 48 mm Hg; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
REBOA non-responders present and remain persistently hypotensive and are more likely to die than responders, indicating a potential direct correlation between ΔSBP as a surrogate marker of hemorrhage volume status and mortality. Future prospective studies will need to further elucidate the impact of Damage Control Resuscitation efforts on ΔSBP and mortality.
A Snapshot of Elective Oncological Surgery in Italy During COVID-19 Emergency
Authors: Torzilli Guido , Viganò Luca , Galvanin Jacopo , Castoro Carlo , Quagliuolo Vittorio , Spinelli Antonino , Zerbi Alessandro , Donadon Matteo , Montorsi Marco 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
To analyze the impact of COVID-19 emergency on elective oncological surgical activity in Italy.

Summary of Background Data:
COVID-19 emergency shocked national health systems, subtracting resources from treatment of other diseases. Its impact on surgical oncology is still to elucidate.

Methods:
A 56-question survey regarding the oncological surgical activity in Italy during the COVID-19 emergency was sent to referral centers for hepato-bilio-pancreatic, colorectal, esophago-gastric, and sarcoma/soft-tissue tumors. The survey portrays the situation 5 weeks after the first case of secondary transmission in Italy.

Results:
In total, 54 surgical Units in 36 Hospitals completed the survey (95%). After COVID-19 emergency, 70% of Units had reduction of hospital beds (median −50%) and 76% of surgical activity (median −50%). The number of surgical procedures decreased: 3.8 (interquartile range 2.7–5.4) per week before the emergency versus 2.6 (22–4.4) after (P = 0.036). In Lombardy, the most involved district, the number decreased from 3.9 to 2 procedures per week. The time interval between multidisciplinary discussion and surgery more than doubled: 7 (6–10) versus 3 (3–4) weeks (P < 0.001). Two-third (n = 34) of departments had repeated multidisciplinary discussion of patients. The commonest criteria to prioritize surgery were tumor biology (80%), time interval from neoadjuvant therapy (61%), risk of becoming unresectable (57%), and tumor-related symptoms (52%). Oncological hub-and-spoke program was planned in 29 departments, but was active only in 10 (19%).

Conclusions:
This survey showed how surgical oncology suffered remarkable reduction of the activity resulting in doubled waiting-list. The oncological hub-and-spoke program did not work adequately. The reassessment of healthcare systems to better protect the oncological path seems a priority.
Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy and Distinct Longitudinal Profiles of Domain-specific Literacy
Authors: Yu Lei , Schneider Julie A. , Kapasi Alifiya , Bennett David A. , Boyle Patricia A. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
Emerging evidence suggests that limbic-predominant age-related TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) encephalopathy impacts domain-specific literacy, a complex ability not assessed in traditional cognitive evaluations. We examined longitudinal profiles of financial and health literacy in relation to limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC).

Participants:
A total of 275 community-dwelling older persons who had completed annual literacy assessments, died and undergone brain autopsy.

Methods:
Financial and health literacy was assessed using a 32-item instrument. Latent class mixed effects models identified groups of individuals with distinct longitudinal literacy profiles. Regression models examined group differences in 9 common age-related neuropathologies assessed via uniform structured neuropathologic evaluations.

Results:
Two distinct literacy profiles emerged. The first group (N=121, 44%) had higher level of literacy at baseline, slower decline and less variabilities over time. The second group (N=154, 56%) had lower level of literacy at baseline, faster decline, and greater variabilities. Individuals from the latter group were older, with fewer years of education and more female. They also had higher burdens of Alzheimer disease and LATE-NC. The group association with Alzheimer disease was attenuated and no longer significant after controlling for cognition. By contrast, the association with LATE-NC persisted.

Conclusion:
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy is uniquely associated with distinct longitudinal profiles of financial and health literacy in old age.
The future of community psychiatry and community mental health services
Authors: Rosen Alan , Gill Neeraj S. , Salvador-Carulla Luis 
Published: May 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to provide a framework and analysis of a series of critical components to inform the future design, development, sustaining, and monitoring of community mental health services.

Recent findings
Many mental health services remain too hospital-centric, often without adequate outreach services. On the basis of outcome evidence, we need to shift the balance of mental health services from hospital-centered with community outreach when convenient for staff, to community-centered and mobile, with in-reach to hospital only when necessary. Too few training programs emphasize the macroskills of public advocacy, working with service users, families, social movements, and the media to improve mental health and wellbeing of regional and local communities.

Summary
We should adopt a health ecosystems approach to mental healthcare and training, encompassing nano to macrolevels of service in every region. Catchment mental health services should be rebuilt as community-centric mental health services, integrating all community and inpatient components, but led and integrated from community sites. Community psychiatrists and mental health professionals of the future will need to be well trained in the nano to macroskills required to take responsibility for the mental health and wellbeing of their catchment communities and to provide leadership in service-planning, management, and continuing revision on the basis of rigorous evaluation. These approaches should be the core of all training in psychiatry and all mental health professions prior to any subspecialization.
Demographics of Patients Receiving Electroconvulsive Therapy Based on State-Mandated Reporting Data
Authors: Luccarelli James , Henry Michael E. , McCoy Thomas H. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment of depression and other psychiatric conditions. There are few comprehensive data on how many patients receive ECT in the United States or about the demographics of ECT recipients. This study characterizes the demographics of those receiving ECT and how these demographics may have changed with time.

Methods
Freedom of information requests for all data from record keeping inception to January 2019 were sent to the Department of Health or equivalent agency of states that mandate reporting of ECT. Information on demographics and the number of treating facilities was extracted.

Results
Data on 62,602 patients receiving treatment in 3 states (California, Illinois, Vermont) were obtained. Overall, 62.3% were women. Fewer than 1% of patients treated were younger than 18 years, whereas 30.3% were 65 years or older. White patients received a disproportionate proportion of treatments, with all other races underrepresented. The total number of facilities offering ECT in the 3 states declined over the study period.

Conclusions
Recipients of ECT are more likely to be female, more likely to be elderly, and more likely to be white than the average person in their state.
Flavobacterium supellecticarium sp. nov., isolated from an abandoned construction timber
Authors: Lin Shih-Yao , Chen Wen-Ming , Huang Guan-Hua , Hameed Asif , Chang Chun-Tse , Tsai Chia-Fang , Young Chiu-Chung 
Published: May 2020

A bacterial strain CC-CTC003T was isolated from a synthetic wooden board. Cells of strain CC-CTC003T were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and formed yellow colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 25 °C, pH 7 and in the presence of 1 % NaCl. The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes revealed that strain CC-CTC003T belonged to the genus

Flavobacterium

and was most closely related to

Flavobacterium cerinum

(95.3 % sequence identity),

Flavobacterium maris

(94.9 % sequence identity),

Flavobacterium qiangtangense

(94.8 %) and

Flavobacterium subsaxonicum

(94.7 %) and had less than 94.7 % sequence similarity to other members of the genus. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain CC-CTC003T and the type strains of other closely related species were 70.1–74.1 %. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) with

F. cerinum

was 19.4 %. Strain CC-CTC003T contained C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω6c / C16 : 1
ω7c) and summed feature 9 (C16 : 0 10-methyl / iso-C17 : 1
ω9c) as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, four uncharacterized aminophospholipids, two aminolipids and one unidentified glycolipid. The major polyamine was sym-homospermidine and contained MK-6 as major isoprenoid quinone. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 39.2 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain CC-CTC003T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Flavobacterium supellecticarium sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-CTC003T (=BCRC 81146T=JCM 32838T).
High-speed adaptive optics line-scan OCT for cellular-resolution optoretinography
Authors: Pandiyan Vimal Prabhu , Jiang Xiaoyun , Bertelli Aiden Maloney , Kuchenbecker James A. , Sharma Utkarsh , Sabesan Ramkumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOptoretinography – the non-invasive, optical imaging of light-induced functional activity in the retina – stands to provide a critical biomarker for testing the safety and efficacy of new therapies as well as their rapid translation to the clinic. Optical phase change in response to light, as readily accessible in phase-resolved OCT, offers a path towards all-optical imaging of retinal function. However, typical human eye motion adversely affects phase stability and precludes the recording of fast light-induced retinal events. Here we introduce a high-speed line-scan spectral domain OCT with adaptive optics (AO), aimed at volumetric imaging and phase-resolved acquisition of retinal responses to light. By virtue of parallel acquisition of an entire retinal cross-section (B-scan) in a single high-speed camera frame, depth-resolved tomograms at speeds up to 16 kHz were achieved with high sensitivity and phase stability. To optimize spectral and spatial resolution, an anamorphic detection paradigm was introduced enabling improved light collection efficiency and signal roll-off compared to traditional methods. The benefits in speed, resolution and sensitivity were exemplified in imaging nanometer-millisecond scale light-induced optical path length changes in cone photoreceptor outer segments. With 660 nm stimuli, individual cone responses readily segregated into three clusters, corresponding to long, middle and short-wavelength cones. Recording suchoptoretinogramson spatial scales ranging from individual cones, to 100 μm-wide retinal patches offers a robust and sensitive biomarker for cone function in health and disease. Furthermore, incorporating this capability into an easy-to-use and ubiquitous diagnostic platform of OCT enables its widespread application to patient care and drug development.
Arterial blood contrast (ABC) enabled by magnetization transfer (MT): a novel MRI technique for enhancing the measurement of brain activation changes
Authors: Schulz Jenni , Fazal Zahra , Metere Riccardo , Marques José P. , Norris David G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFunctional brain imaging in humans is almost exclusively performed using blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast. This typically requires a period of tens of milliseconds after excitation of the spin system to achieve maximum contrast, leading to inefficient use of acquisition time, reduced image quality, and inhomogeneous sensitivity throughout the cortex. We utilise magnetisation transfer to suppress the signal differentially from grey matter relative to blood so that the local increase in blood volume associated with brain activation (mainly occurring in the arterioles and capillaries) will increase the measured signal. Arterial blood contrast (ABC) is additive to the residual BOLD effect, but will have its maximum value at the time of excitation. We measured brain activation using combined ABC and residual BOLD contrast at different times post-excitation and compared this to BOLD data acquired under otherwise identical conditions. We conclude that using ABC and measuring shortly after excitation gives comparable sensitivity to standard BOLD but will provide greater efficiency, spatial specificity, improved image quality, and lower inter-subject variability. ABC offers new perspectives for performing functional MRI.
Biomimetic sponges improve muscle structure and function following volumetric muscle loss
Authors: Haas Gabriel , Dunn Andrew , Madsen Josh , Genovese Peter , Lin Andrew , Chauvin Hannah , Au Jeffrey , Paoli Allison , Garg Koyal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSkeletal muscle is inept in regenerating after traumatic injuries such as volumetric muscle loss (VML) due to significant loss of basal lamina and the resident satellite cells. Currently, there are no approved therapies for the treatment of muscle tissue following trauma. In this study, biomimetic sponges composed of gelatin, collagen, laminin-111, and FK-506 were used for the treatment of VML in a rodent model. We observed that biomimetic sponge treatment improved muscle structure and function while modulating inflammation and limiting the extent of fibrotic tissue deposition. Specifically, sponge treatment increased the total number of myofibers, type 2B fiber cross-sectional area, myosin: collagen ratio, myofibers with central nuclei, and peak isometric torque compared to untreated VML injured muscles. As an acellular scaffold, biomimetic sponges provide a promising “off-the-shelf” clinical therapy for VML.
HAHmiR.DB: A Server Platform For High Altitude Human miRNA-Gene Coregulatory Networks And Associated Regulatory-Circuits
Authors: Gupta Apoorv , Sugadev Ragumani , Sharma Yogendra Kumar , Kumar Bhuvnesh , Khurana Pankaj 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRapid ascent to High Altitude (HA) can cause severe damage to body organs and may lead to many fatal disorders. During induction to HA, human body undergoes various physiological, biochemical, hematological and molecular changes to adapt to the extreme environmental conditions. Many literature references hint that gene-expression-regulation and regulatory molecules like microRNAs (miRNAs) and Transcription Factors (TFs) control adaptive responses during HA-stress. These biomolecules are known to interact in a complex combinatorial manner to fine-tune the gene expression and help in controlling the molecular responses during this stress and ultimately help in acclimatization. HAHmiR.DB (High-Altitude Human miRNA Database) is a unique, comprehensive, curated collection of miRNAs that have been experimentally validated to be associated with HA-stress; their level of expression in different altitudes, fold change, experiment duration, biomarker association, disease and drug association, tissue-specific expression level, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathway associations. As a server platform it also uniquely constructs and analyses interactive miRNA-TF-Gene coregulatory networks and extracts regulatory-circuits/Feed Forward Loops (FFLs) using in-house scripts. These regulatory circuits help to offer mechanistic insights in complex regulatory mechanisms during HA stress. The server can also build these regulatory networks between two and more miRNAs of the database and also identify the regulatory-circuits from this network. Hence HAHmiR.DB is the first-of its-kind database in HA research which a reliable platform to explore, compare, analyse and retrieve miRNAs associated with HA stress, their coregulatory networks and FFL regulatory circuits. HAHmiR.DB is freely accessible athttp://www.hahmirdb.in
Country-specific optimization of testing rates and unlock measures can help to contain COVID19 infection
Authors: Sarma Uddipan , Ghosh Bhaswar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn response to the COVID19 outbreak many countries have implemented lockdown to ensure social distancing. However, long lockdowns globally affected the livelihood of millions of people resulting in subsequent unlocks that started a second wave of infection in multiple countries. Unlocking of the economies critically imposes extra burden on testing and quarantine of the infected people to keep the reproduction number (R0) <1. This, as we demonstrate, requires optimizing a cost-benefit trade-off between testing rate and unlock extent. We delineate a strategy to optimize the trade-off by utilizing a data-trained epidemic model and coupling it with a stochastic agent based model to implement contact tracing. In a country specific manner, we quantitatively demonstrate how combination of unlock and testing can maintain R0 <1.