bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISASTER PERCEPTIONS AND PREPAREDNESS BEHAVIORS AMONG U.S. OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Krook Melissa , Vitaliano Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
U.S. economic loss from natural disasters hit an all-time high in 2017 with 16 climate events totaling $306 billion. However, disasters’ costliest effects may result from emotional and psychosocial health. Research suggests those who are: seniors, distressed, and/or experience early-life vulnerabilities have increased risk for negative health responses. This study addresses the need to reduce vulnerability/increase preparedness by evaluating how older adults (OA) perceive/prepare for disasters, including influential psychological factors. Literature review results indicate OA are: (1) among our most vulnerable populations for disasters, (2) underprepared, though resources are available, and (3) preparing friends/family before themselves. The Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) posits: alongside aging, time perceptions become constrained, motivations shift, and we prefer positive over negative information. Therefore, I asked: (1) if OA are intuitively resistant to negative information, like impending disasters, how might we reframe it to align with their desire for positive information? (2) If we approach OA through positive experiences, will they be motivated to prepare? I employed a model: preparedness behavior (PB) is a function of vulnerability (V) and resilience (R). A survey was developed to assess how factors of V and R would interact/influence PB. I will pilot test this survey through evaluating community-living OA. PB is expected to be negatively related to V, positively related to R. This study extends disaster research by using psychological variables to predict preparedness and evaluating preparedness motivation using SST as a guiding framework. Results should increase knowledge about OA’s disaster preparedness perceptions and factors to mitigate increased preparedness.
THE ROLE OF SENSE OF COMMUNITY IN CHANGING THE HEALTH-PROMOTING EFFECT OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT: A COMMUNITY SURVEY
Authors: Tang Jennifer Y M , Chui Cheryl , Chiu Tuen Yi , Chiu Rebecca , Lou Vivian W , Tse Michael , Leung Angela Y M , Lum Terry 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Previous research that studies the impact of built environment on health often attribute the enabling effects of environment on physical activity participation and opportunities for social interaction. Few studies have explored how the role of subjective feeling, such as the feeling of connectedness with the community, affects the association between built environment and physical and mental health. We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 2,247 residents aged 50 years or above in five districts in Hong Kong. We tested the mediation effect of sense of community in the relationship between physical environment and health using the path analysis. We administered a questionnaire to assess the residents’ perceived age-friendliness of outdoor spaces and buildings in the district. We used the Brief Sense of Community Scale and the 12-item Short-form Health Survey to measure sense of community and physical and mental health. We found that age-friendliness of outdoor spaces was modestly correlated with mental health (r = 0.10, P &lt; 0.001) but not with physical health (r = 0.02, P = 0.4), whereas age-friendliness of buildings correlated with both (r = 0.05, P = 0.01; r = 0.06, P = 0.004). Sense of community mediated 25.9% of the total effect between outdoor space and physical health, 20.4% between outdoor space and mental health, and 42.5% between service and building on physical health. To conclude, sense of community was a partial mediator of the environment-health relationship. Future design of built environment should take into consideration its potential influence on sense of community and health.
HAVE I GOT A JOB FOR YOU: OCCUPATION-RELATED ASTHMA THROUGHOUT LIFE IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Laditka Sarah B , Laditka James N , Arif Ahmed , Hoyle Jessica 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Work exposures to asthma triggers can cause or aggravate asthma, which affects twenty-five million Americans including many older workers, and retirees who want to work or need to do so for income. Asthma trigger exposures have particular risk for older workers. Older adults who develop asthma have poorer health outcomes than people who had childhood asthma, yet older workers with low incomes may have limited ability to leave a job despite health risks. We studied occupation-related asthma using the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) (1968-2015, n=13,957, 205,498 person-years). We compared asthma outcomes in occupations with likely asthma trigger exposures to those in occupations with limited exposures. Methods included: prevalence ratios; incidence risk ratios (log-binomial regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, atopy, current and past smoking, and survey design); attributable risk fractions; population attributable risks; and microsimulation. The adjusted prevalence ratio comparing high risk occupations to low was 4.1 (95% confidence interval, CI 3.5-4.8); adjusted risk ratio 2.6 (CI 1.8-3.9); attributable risk 16.7% (CI 8.5-23.6); population attributable risk 11.3% (CI 5.0-17.2). In microsimulations, 14.9% (CI 13.4-16.3) with low trigger exposures reported asthma during working life, compared with 23.9% (CI 22.3-26.0) with high exposures. Asthma triggers at work may cause or aggravate more than 10% of adult asthma, and increase asthma risk by 60%. Lung health contributes importantly to well-being, and the ability to work at older ages. Results highlight needs for policies and employer actions to reduce asthma trigger exposures, and for public education about lung health.
OLDER PARENTS’ PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AND STRAIN FROM ADULT CHILDREN AND INTERGENERATIONAL FINANCIAL TRANSFER
Authors: Kim Dahee , Martin Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The gerontological literature indicates that both positive and negative relationships are dimensions of intergenerational relationships. Moreover, depending on intergenerational financial support, the association between older parents’ perceived social support and strain from adult children can vary. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the association between intergenerational social support and strain. We also examined the impact of intergenerational financial transfers on intergenerational social support and strain. We analyzed data of 1,329 older adults aged 65 to 84 from the Health and Retirement Study collected at 2006(t1), 2010(t2), and 2014(t3). Cross-lagged panel models were performed to examine the reciprocal association between intergenerational social support and strain over time. Multiple group comparisons were conducted to estimate the impact of financial support exchange on social support and strain from adult children. The results demonstrated that social support and strain from adult children were stable over time. Furthermore, social strain had negative effects on the changes in social support from adult children. Multiple group comparisons suggested that in the parents’ groups (financial support provision vs. no provision to adult children, and financial support receipt vs. no receipt groups from adult children) intergenerational social support and strain were stable over time. Additionally, the impact of social strain on subsequent social support from adult children differed depending on intergenerational financial support. These findings highlight the reciprocal association between intergenerational positive and negative relationships. Further, this research suggests the importance of intergenerational support in older parents’ and adult children’s positive and negative relationship quality.
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND TRAJECTORIES OF LIVING ARRANGEMENTS AMONG OLDER AMERICANS
Authors: Liang Jersey , Kim BoRin , Xu Xiao , Raymo James , Ofstedal Mary Beth , Zheng Qing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Living arrangements are critical to intra-family exchanges that affect older persons’ health and well-being. The conventional conceptualization of living arrangements has emphasized coresidence with children, while overlooking proximate residence from children. Additionally, existing research often relied on cross-sectional data which confound intrapersonal differences with interpersonal variations. This study examined the dynamics of living arrangements in old age by depicting their trajectories as a function of social stratification (i.e., age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, and wealth). Data came from the Health and Retirement Study and included a national sample of 7,822 older Americans with at least one living child from 1998 to 2014. Multi-level mixed effects models were employed to analyze the trajectories of living arrangements and their key determinants for the young-old and the old-old separately. Among the young-old (age 65-74, N=4,917), the probability of coresidence increased slightly over time, whereas the probabilities of proximate residence and distant residence decreased slightly and remained stable respectively, and the risk for institutionalization increased moderately. Similar but more accelerated trajectories were observed among the old-old (age 75+, N=2,905). Age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, income, and asset were significantly associated with not only the levels of the probabilities of various living arrangements but also their slopes. For instance, among the old-old, Hispanics had a lower level of nursing home residence as well as a slower rate of increase in the risk of institutionalization than Whites. These findings may inform public policies to strengthen family-based support and long-term care for older people.
TOO HOT OR TOO COLD? EXPOSURE TO EXTREME TEMPERATURES AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Khan Anam M , Clarke Philippa , Finlay Jessica , Gronlund Carina , Melendez Robert , Sol Ketlyne , Judd Suzanne , Wadley Virginia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Research on temperature and cognition is sparse, including effects of outdoor air temperature on cognitive testing performance. Furthermore, little is known about the modifying role of region and seasonality in temperature-cognition associations. We linked daily temperature data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather stations to REGARDS participants by cognitive assessment date. Controlling for season, generalized linear models including spline terms for temperature showed an adverse effect of hotter temperatures on cognition. At higher temperatures (30°C vs 0°C), there was a significant decrease in cognitive performance on the Word List Learning test (β=-0.68; 95% CI: -1.1, -0.25). Results also show regional differences in testing scores on hotter and colder days. The findings provide new understanding of cognitive susceptibility to extreme temperatures and factors that exacerbate or buffer this association. This can inform development of evidence-based public health guidelines and mitigation strategies aimed at reducing temperature-related morbidity in older adults.
A MICROLONGITUDINAL APPROACH TO STUDYING GRANDMOTHER-GRANDCHILD DAILY INTERACTIONS
Authors: Turner Shelbie , Mejia Shannon T , Stawski Robert S , Hooker Karen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Research suggests that grandparent-grandchild dyads shift in degree of solidarity over extended periods of time (e.g. Moorman & Stokes, 2016), but no work has considered grandparent-grandchild interactions microlongitudinally. This study utilized microlongitudinal data with an emphasis on intraindividual variability to examine the daily processes associated with relational aspects of grandparenting. Using data from 24 grandmothers in the Personal Understandings of Life and Social Experiences (PULSE) project, we explored how grandmother-reported satisfaction with grandchild interactions impacted grandmothers’ same-day positive and negative affect over 100 days. We first justified the need for microlongitudinal analyses by assessing the degree to which there were within-person shifts in interaction satisfaction over time. Intra-class correlations indicated 86% of the variation in interaction satisfaction was within-persons, warranting an intraindividual variability approach. As such, we then employed multi-level models to examine the within-person and between-person effects of interaction satisfaction predicting same day positive and negative affect. At the within-person level, on days when grandmothers reported higher than their average interaction satisfaction, they reported more positive affect (Estimate = 0.09, SE = 0.03, p = 0.009) and lower negative affect overall that day (Estimate = -0.08, SE = 0.02, p = 0.005). At the between-person level, grandmothers who had, on average, higher interaction satisfaction had more positive affect (Estimate = 0.63, SE = 0.09, p&lt;.0001) and lower negative affect on average (Estimate = -0.53, SE = 0.11, p&lt;.0001).
MENTAL HEALTH OF GRANDPARENTS RAISING GRANDCHILDREN: UNDERSTANDING PREDICTORS OF GRANDPARENTS’ DEPRESSION
Authors: Lee Youjung , Jang Kyeonghee 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Grandparents raising grandchildren experience caregiving stress, negatively influencing their mental health. They experience limited social supports and suffer from a lack of respite care and community resources. The present study attempts to explore needs of grandparent-headed families and factors related to grandparents’ depression. In 2015-19, surveys with 92 custodial grandparents were conducted in the northeastern U.S. The respondents were primarily white (77%) and 62 years old on average (ranged from 44 through 84) at the time of the interviews. The depressive symptoms ranged from 1 through 45, with the score of 16+ indicating clinical depression (41%). Sixty-three percent of grandparents reported a household income below $40,000 and 40% of them rated their health as poor or fair. Ninety-five percent reported at least one or more concerns in raising their grandchild (i.e., financial concerns, legal issues, and physical health). A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the contributions of age, ethnicity, duration of care, factors related to multigenerational caregiving, social support from family members, social support from friends, and social support from significant others in accounting for grandparents’ depressive symptoms. The model explained 29% of variance in the outcome (R2=.290; adjusted R2=.231). Among the predictors, only one factor was significant: social support from family members (beta=-.352, p=.006). Grandparents with increased social support from family members have lower rates of depression. This finding reinforces the importance of familial support for grandparents raising grandchildren, and recommends the development of family-centered programs to offer support for custodial grandparents to promote caregivers’ well-being.
GRANDPARENTAL CHILDCARE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES AND HEALTH: EVIDENCE FROM ENGLAND
Authors: Gessa Giorgio Di , Glaser Karen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It is well recognised that grandparents play a vital economic and social role in providing grandchild care to families. In the UK, about two million grandparents provide care to their grandchildren for at least ten hours per week. However, to date, little is known about the nature and extent of care they provide and whether, and how, this relates to socio-economic and health inequalities. In this paper, we use wave 8 of the nationally representative English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Using latent class analysis, we developed profiles of grandparent childcare combining newly collected information on the activities grandparents do with or for their grandchildren, as well as on the extent of (periodicity, frequency, and intensity), and motivations for such care. Using regressions, we then examined the extent to which grandparents’ involvement in childcare is patterned according to current and lifetime socio-economic characteristics and whether such inequalities are an important modifier of the relationship between grandparenting and mental and physical health. Preliminary results suggest that more advantaged grandparents are the ones undertaking less arduous caring tasks and for shorter periods whereas those looking after grandchildren more intensively and for financial reasons are more likely to be of less advantageous backgrounds (not married, low-educated, not homeowners, and poorer). Moreover, undertaking more frequent and challenging grandchild care activities seems to be associated with poorer health but only among grandparents in the more disadvantaged groups. Our results contribute to better understand the nature of grandparental childcare and its effect on health.
THE GREAT AND THE GRAND: THE ROLES OF GREAT-GRANDPARENTS AND GRANDPARENTS IN MULTIGENERATIONAL FAMILIES
Authors: Schuler Emily , de Souza Brito Dias Cristina Maria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The increase of Human Aging has been observed rapidly in the whole world, as it has been in Brazil allowing the experience to live several roles within the family for a longer time. As a consequence, more multigenerational families emerge with a more vertical structure, formed by four or even five generations. While the oldest generation adds another generational role to their life, the one of great-grandparents, the youngest generation is born into an intergenerational network of relationships. There are various questions about the differences in the role of great-grandparents and grandparents, which motivated this present study. Thus, the objective of this study was to understand the roles of great-grandparents and grandparents in the family and their intergenerational repercussions. Four families with for generations, totaling 16 participants. One member of each generation was interviewed, using a specific script, which was afterwards analyzed by the Thematic Content Analysis. The results pointed out that both great-grandparents and grandparents have distinct roles that are constructed around the needs of the family; both figures provide emotional and material support to the family; both roles have transgenerational importance in the transmission of family legacies, which are related to faith, solidarity, education and order. It can also be said that the great-grandparents can be compared to the grandparents of the past, as the grandparents can be assimilated to the parents of older days. It is hoped that this research contributes to the visibility of these two generations and to sensitize professionals about this theme.
THE CONTEXTUAL EXPERIENCES OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AMONG OLDER GRANDPARENTS RAISING ADOLESCENT GRANDCHILDREN
Authors: Peterson Tina L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older grandparents raising adolescent grandchildren are an understudied population. Greater understanding is needed of the social capital (e. g. information, emotional support, companionship, practical instrumental support, and influence, power, and control) harnessed by older grandparents raising adolescent grandchildren. This research applied a qualitative, phenomenological approach to explore social capital among older grandparents. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 19 grandparent caregivers ranging in age from 55 to 88 years. Eligibility criteria were: primary caregiver for a grandchild 12 years or older; grandchild resides in home at least 3 days; grandparent 40 or older and resides in Oklahoma, Alabama, or Kentucky. Participants were recruited by word of mouth, newspapers, and flyers. Grandparents responded to a question prompt, “I am going to ask you some questions about your support system to assist with your concerns about your older grandchild.” Interviews were conducted in public places, audiotaped, and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using a question analysis approach to sort responses into matrices, develop memos, and identify themes. Most older grandparents were female (84.2%), Caucasian (52.6%), married (57.9%), and never attended a support group (68.4%). One overarching theme from these older grandparent caregivers is access to social capital exists on a continuum. Participants’ experiences with social capital pertained to family proximity, evolving perception of friends, limited or no social engagement with neighbors, dynamics of church attendance and size, and familiarity with community resources. These older grandparents raising adolescents shared positive reactions to select social capital with some types emerging as less important or underdeveloped.
BLACK AND WHITE YOUNG ADULTS’ SUPPORT TO MIDLIFE PARENTS
Authors: Wood Kristie A , Huo Meng , Ng Yee To , Fingerman Karen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Researchers have observed racial differences in support to midlife parents. Black adults typically provide more support to parents and report greater rewards in doing so. We were interested in whether this differential trend can be observed in young adulthood. Furthermore, we aimed to understand cultural beliefs underlying any racial differences in support provided to parents. We examined support Black and White young adults provided to their parents, and beliefs associated with that support. Young adults (aged 18–35 years; 26%, n=184 Black and 74%, n=525 White) from the Family Exchanges Study II (2013) participated. They reported how often they provided 4 types of support (financial, technical, practical, emotional) to each parent (N =824) on a scale from 1 = once a year or less often to 8 = everyday. Multilevel models revealed Black young adults provided more frequent support to parents than White young adults, mediated by beliefs about familial obligation. Interestingly, we also found that Black young adults report significantly more negative relationship quality with parents and a stronger desire for support from parents when compared to White young adults. Findings suggest that Black young adults may espouse collective and interdependent values such as the ability to provide for a family and to receive support from family. Further, more frequent support may co-occur with conflicts that suggest that congruence between values and support do not necessarily inspire harmonious ties.
SUPPORT AND EDUCATION NEED FULFILLMENT IN INFORMAL DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS
Authors: James Nicholas , Paulson Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Caregivers vary widely in their need for and utilization of support services, and there are many reasons for this (e.g., time or financial cost, distance, perception of need). This study explored the disparity between services that are desired and those that are utilized, and examined the hypothesis that unmet needs are a determinant of caregiver burden. An online sample of informal caregivers (N=151) responded to a questionnaire containing a list of common caregiver support services: sharing duties, professional transportation, respite care, non-profit community organizations, financial counseling, caregiver education programs, support groups. Participants were presented with a list of support services and information and asked to indicate A) which they desired and B) which they had received while providing care. Respite care and financial counseling were identified as support that caregivers were unable to obtain, while caregiving education and family/friend support were most commonly fulfilled. A linear regression model controlling for demographic variables was constructed. Unfulfilled support needs accounted for 40.6% of variance in caregiver burden, however the final model included only total ratio of unfulfilled services, transportation services, stress management skills, professional treatment for the caregiver, and behavioral management skills. Results highlight the unique contribution of certain support services in burden reduction. These findings imply a need to improve accessibility to caregiver support, especially those which require payment (e.g., transportation aids and mental healthcare). Further implications and actionable changes related to caregiver support services are discussed.