bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is household registration system responsible for the limited participation of stock market in China?
Authors: Liu Yulin , Zhang Min 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of China’s unique household registration system (hukou) on stock market participation.Design/methodology/approachIn an effort to estimate the effect of hukou on households' financial behavior, we draw on data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) and use probit model and tobit model to test the effect of hukou on households stock market participation.FindingsThe results are with strong interpretative power over the limited participation of stock market in China-investors living in urban areas with urban hukou are more likely to participate in stock markets and allocate a larger fraction of financial assets to stocks and remarkably robust to a battery of robustness checks. The dual structure of social security caused by the household registration system could explain this result. Furthermore, marriage plays such a role of integrating social resources attached to hukou that only the marriage of individuals with urban hukou could significantly promote households' participation in the stock market. For married families, a household in which both husband and wife have urban hukou has a greater possibility to invest in stocks relative to those with rural hukou.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature in two ways. First, much literature focuses on the stock market limited participation puzzle and gives explanations from the perspectives of individual heterogeneity and financial markets. This paper examines the effect of hukou. Such an idea is instructive to some developing countries where residents are treated differently because of the institutional reason. Second, the effects we find are economically meaningful. Our estimates indicate that medical insurance attached to hukou can explain almost 58% of the impact of hukou, which suggests that the key to reforming China's current household registration system is to make welfare separate from hukou. Moreover, homogamy based on hukou widens the gap of households' risky assets, which provides a new view to understand the income gap in the cities of China and the heterogeneous effect of marriage on stock market participation.
Experimental verification of robust topology optimization for compliant mechanism
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Luo Zhenxian , Geng Xinyu 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper is to present an experiment to verify that the motion errors of robust topology optimization results of compliant mechanisms are insensitive to load dispersion.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the test pieces of deterministic optimization and robust optimization results are manufactured by the combination of three-dimensional (3D) printing and casting techniques. To measure the displacement of the test piece of compliant mechanism, a displacement measurement method based on the image recognition technique is proposed in this paper.

Findings
According to the experimental data analysis, the robust topology optimization results of compliant mechanisms are less sensitive to uncertainties, comparing with the deterministic optimization results.

Originality/value
An experiment is presented to verify the effectiveness of robust topology optimization for compliant mechanisms. The test pieces of deterministic optimization and robust optimization results are manufactured by the combination of 3D printing and casting techniques. By comparing the experimental data, it is found that the motion errors of robust topology optimization results of compliant mechanisms are insensitive to load dispersion.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of double-wire feed GTA additive manufactured 308L stainless steel
Authors: Ke Yang , Xiong Jun 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce a novel concept of a double-wire feed (DWF) to alleviate heat accumulation and improve the cooling rate of the molten pool in gas tungsten arc (GTA)-based additive manufacturing (AM), in which the former wire is fed into the arc and the latter wire is melt by the molten pool.

Design/methodology/approach
The microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of 308 L stainless steel components built by single-wire feed (SWF) AM and DWF-AM are compared, and the differences are analyzed in detail.

Findings
The microstructures for both wire feeding modes include δ and γ phases. Compared with the SWF-AM, the sample fabricated in the DWF-AM exhibits finer microstructure, and the microstructure in the middle region is transformed from columnar grains to cellular grains. Microhardness of the sample produced in the DWF-AM is higher than the SWF-AM. In comparison to the SWF-AM, the tensile strength of the specimen fabricated using the DWF-AM reaches 571 MPa and increases by 16.14%.

Originality/value
This study proposes a novel concept of the DWF-AM to reduce heat accumulation as well as enhance the cooling rate of the molten pool, and improved mechanical properties of the 308 L stainless steel component are obtained.
The formation of intermetallic layer structure of SAC405/Cu and SAC405/ENImAg solder joint interfaces
Authors: Mohamed Anuar Rabiatul Adawiyah , Osman Saliza Azlina 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The surface finish is an essential step in printed circuit boards design because it provides a solderable surface for electronic components. The purpose of this study to investigate the effects of different surface finishes during the soldering and ageing process.

Design/methodology/approach
The solder joints of Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu/Cu and Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu/electroless nickel/immersion silver (ENImAg) were investigated in terms of intermetallic (IMC) thickness, morphology and shear strength. The microstructure and compositions of solder joints are observed, and analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) and optical microscope (OM).

Findings
Compounds of Cu6Sn5 and (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 IMC were formed in SAC405/Cu and SAC405/ENImAg, respectively, as-reflowed. When the sample was exposed to ageing, new layers of Cu3Sn and (Ni, Cu)3Sn5 were observed at the interface. Analogous growth in the thickness of the IMC layer and increased grains size commensurate with ageing time. The results equally revealed an increase in shear strength of SAC405/ENImAg because of the thin layer of IMC and surface finish used compared to SAC405/Cu. Hence, a ductile fracture was observed at the bulk solder. Overall, the ENImAg surface finish showed excellent performance of solder joints than that of bare Cu.

Originality/value
The novel surface finish (ENImAg) has been developed and optimized. This alternative lead-free surface finish solved the challenges in electroless nickel/immersion gold and reduced cost without affecting the performance.
Cerebral palsy: Aetiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Upadhyay Jyoti , Tiwari Nidhi , Ansari Mohd Nazam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common non‐progressive neurodevelopmental disorder in which the impairment of motor and posture functions occurs. This condition may be present in many different clinical spectra. Various aetiological and risk factors play a crucial role in the causation of CP. In various cases, the causes of CP may not be apparent. Interruption in the supply of oxygen to the fetus or brain asphyxia was considered to be the main causative factor explaining CP. Antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors could be involved in the origin of CP. Understanding its pathophysiology is also crucial for developing preventive and protective strategies. A major advancement in the brain stimulation techniques has emerged as a promising status in diagnostic and interventional approaches. This review provides a brief explanation about the various aetiological factors, pathophysiology, and recent therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cerebral palsy.
Comparison of the antipathogenic effect toward Staphylococcus aureus of N‐linked and free oligosaccharides derived from human, bovine, and goat milk
Authors: Yue Haiyun , Han Yuanyuan , Yin Binru , Cheng Cheng , Liu Li 
Published: July 2020

AbstractN‐linked oligosaccharides (N‐glycans) derived from milk were recently found to be antipathogenic. This study compares the antimicrobial activity of N‐linked glycans and free oligosaccharides from human, bovine, and goat milk against Staphylococcus aureus. Milk N‐glycans showed a bactericidal/bacteriostatic effect on the pathogen when compared to free milk oligosaccharides, evidenced by the clear zone from the halo assay, with the order of human milk >goat milk >bovine milk. None of the free milk oligosaccharide samples were bactericidal/bacteriostatic, despite its positive results in growth curve and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays which are believed to be related to hyperosmosis. Both N‐glycans and free milk oligosaccharides can reduce the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to Caco‐2 cells, however, N‐glycans worked significantly more effective than free milk oligosaccharides. Structural analysis of all free oligosaccharide and N‐glycan samples showed the obvious interspecies differences, and the structure/function relationship of the respected N‐glycans is of interest for future study. The significant bactericidal/bacteriostatic activity possessed by human, bovine, and goat milk N‐linked glycans holds great potential as a novel substitute for antibiotics.
Clinical features of Japanese systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients negative for SSc‐related autoantibodies: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Miyake Miho , Matsushita Takashi , Takehara Kazuhiko , Hamaguchi Yasuhito 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the clinical features of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients negative for SSc‐related autoantibodies (autoAbs).MethodsSerum samples were collected from 546 SSc patients. The presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA) was screened by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) staining using HEp‐2 cells. SSc‐related autoantibodies were identified by specific IIF staining, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, or immunoprecipitation assay. Clinical features were analyzed among patients negative for ANA/SSc‐related autoAbs, anticentromere Abs (ACA), anti‐topoisomerase I (anti‐topo I) Abs, and anti‐RNA polymerase (anti‐RNAP) Abs.ResultsOf the 546 SSc patients, 26 (4.8%) were negative for ANA and 29 (5.3%) were ANA‐positive but negative for SSc‐related autoAbs. Regarding clinical features, patients negative for ANA/SSc‐related autoAbs (n = 55) had a significantly shorter disease duration, higher proportion of the diffuse type, contracture of phalanges, diffuse pigmentation, higher modified Rodnan total skin thickness score (mRSS), and lower incidence of telangiectasia than those with ACA (n = 224). On the other hand, younger disease onset, lower mRSS, and lower incidence of scleroderma renal crisis were observed in patients negative for ANA/SSc‐related autoAbs than in those with anti‐RNAP Abs (n = 52). Although pitting scars were less common in patients negative for ANA/SSc‐related autoAbs than in those with anti‐topo I Abs (n = 144), their clinical features were similar.ConclusionPatients negative for ANA/SSc‐related autoAbs form a clinically distinct subset among SSc patients.
Autophagy regulates the localization and degradation of p16INK4a
Authors: Coryell Philip R. , Goraya Supreet K. , Griffin Katherine A. , Redick Margaret A. , Sisk Samuel R. , Purvis Jeremy E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe tumor suppressor protein p16INK4a (p16) is a well‐established hallmark of aging that induces cellular senescence in response to stress. Previous studies have focused primarily on p16 regulation at the transcriptional level; comparatively little is known about the protein's intracellular localization and degradation. The autophagy–lysosomal pathway has been implicated in the subcellular trafficking and turnover of various stress‐response proteins and has also been shown to attenuate age‐related pathologies, but it is unclear whether p16 is involved in this pathway. Here, we investigate the role of autophagy, vesicular trafficking, and lysosomal degradation on p16 expression and localization in human epithelial cells. Time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy using an endogenous p16‐mCherry reporter revealed that serum starvation, etoposide, and hydrogen peroxide stimulate autophagy and drive p16 recruitment to acidic cytoplasmic vesicles within 4 hr. Blocking lysosomal proteases with leupeptin and ammonium chloride resulted in the accumulation of p16 within lysosomes and increased total p16 levels suggesting that p16 is degraded by this pathway. Furthermore, autophagy blockers chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 caused p16 aggregation within stalled vesicles containing autophagosome marker LC3. Increase of p16 within these vesicles coincided with the accumulation of LC3‐II. Knockdown of autophagosome chaperone p62 attenuated the formation of p16 aggregates in lysosomes, suggesting that p16 is targeted to these vesicles by p62. Taken together, these results implicate the autophagy pathway as a novel regulator of p16 degradation and localization, which could play a role in the etiology of cancer and age‐related diseases.
Effects of disclosed audit sanctions on audit firm’s market share in Italy and Spain
Authors: Azzali Stefano , Mazza Tatiana , Alberto Fernanda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe use neo‐institutional theory to investigate the effect of disclosed audit sanctions on change in audit firm market share. Using hand‐collected data from public oversight board sanctions on audit firms in Italy and Spain, we show that disclosed audit sanctions have a negative effect on change in audit firm market share. Moreover, we find that for Big4, severe disclosed audit sanctions have a greater negative effect. We contribute to the literature on public oversight authorities, showing that through disclosing audit sanctions, they help investors to select higher quality auditors, who are able to avoid sanctions and charge a market share premium.
Internal governance and innovation
Authors: Xie Sujuan , Chen Yujiang , Liu Yunguo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInternal governance is the monitoring of a CEO by immediate subordinate executives with different career horizons. In this paper, we examine the role of internal governance on corporate innovation. Conducting a study of privately owned firms listed in China, we find that internal governance significantly increases firms’ innovation investment, but we uncover little evidence that it affects innovation quality as indicated by patents. We further discuss that a possible channel for increased innovation investment is enhanced decision‐making quality. Regarding the quality of innovation, executives’ knowledge plays a larger role than internal governance. In sum, this study provides evidence about the innovation consequences of internal governance in China’s weak internal governance culture.
Long‐lasting contact dermatitis in patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis
Authors: García‐Souto Fernando , Lorente‐Lavirgen Ana Isabel , Bernabéu‐Wittel José , Rojas Carmen , Lorente Rafael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aetiology of contact dermatitis, a common inflammatory skin disorder, is often complex and multifactorial.ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics of patients with contact dermatitis who also have concomitant atopic dermatitis or psoriasis.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2011, adult patients with chronic contact dermatitis (six months or more), which also had concomitant atopic dermatitis or psoriasis, were recruited for a descriptive retrospective study in a tertiary care Spanish hospital. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used for the analysis of the collected data.Results76 patients with atopic dermatitis and 130 with psoriasis were recruited. The most frequent site of contact dermatitis in both groups was the hands. The most frequent clinically relevant allergen in both groups was nickel sulphate. According to multivariate logistic regression, a statistically significant association was found between facial contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis (adjusted OR 0.2 95% CI: 0.05–0.8; P = 0.022). No differences were found between the groups for patch test results (adjusted OR 0.6 CI 95%: 0.3–1.3; P = 0.194).ConclusionsAlthough the number of patients was limited, our results provide valuable insight on the behaviour of contact dermatitis in patients with atopic dermatitis and with psoriasis. Facial contact dermatitis was positively associated with atopic dermatitis. No differences were found with respect to rates of contact hypersensitivity or positivity to different allergens.
Comparison of two models to estimate genetic parameters for number of born alive in pigs
Authors: Konta Ayane , Ogawa Shinichiro , Kimata Makoto , Ishii Kazuo , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Satoh Masahiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe performance of the two‐trait animal model that regards the first parity and later parities as two different traits in estimating genetic parameters for number of born alive (NBA) was examined using real and simulated data. Genetic parameters for NBA were estimated in purebred Landrace and Large White pigs using a single‐trait repeatability model (Model 1) that regards all parities as the same trait and a two‐trait animal model (Model 2) that regards the first and the later parities as different traits. For Model 2, the permanent environmental effect was fitted to only the records of the later parities. Heritability for NBA estimated using Model 1 was 0.12 for Landrace and 0.11 for Large White. Estimated heritability for NBA of the first parity and the later parities was 0.21 and 0.16, respectively, for Landrace; 0.18 and 0.16, respectively, for Large White obtained using Model 2, and higher than those in both breeds obtained using Model 1. Further results based on data simulated using the Monte Carlo method suggest that estimated additive genetic variance could be more biased using Model 2 than Model 1.
The role of achievement emotions in primary school mathematics: Control–value antecedents and achievement outcomes
Authors: Putwain David W. , Schmitz Eva A. , Wood Peter , Pekrun Reinhard 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAppraisals of control and value are proposed as proximal antecedents of achievement emotions, which, in turn, predict achievement. Relatively few studies have investigated how control and value may interact to determine achievement emotions, or subsequent achievement mediated by emotions.AimTo examine whether control, value, and their interaction predicted mathematics test score directly, and indirectly, mediated by three salient achievement emotions: enjoyment, boredom, and anxiety.MethodData were collected from 1,298 primary schoolchildren. Participants completed self‐report measures of control, value (i.e., intrinsic, attainment, and utility), and achievement emotions (i.e., enjoyment, boredom, and anxiety), in the context of mathematics. Participants then undertook a curriculum‐based mathematics test in class.ResultsHigher control and value were related to a higher mathematics test score directly, and indirectly, mediated via higher enjoyment and lower anxiety. The interaction of control and intrinsic value predicted mathematics test score directly, and indirectly, mediated via enjoyment.ConclusionIntrinsic value amplified the direct positive relation between control and mathematics test score. Intrinsic value also protected mathematics test scores at lower levels of control indirectly, through higher enjoyment. Helping students to maximize control and value will be beneficial for their learning experience and outcomes.
Antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo of BDB, a selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, from Rhodomela confervoides
Authors: Luo Jiao , Zheng Meiling , Jiang Bo , Li Chao , Guo Shuju , Wang Lijun , Li Xiangqian , Yu Rilei , Shi Dayong 
Published: July 2020

Background and PurposeProtein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B (PTP1B) plays a critical role in the regulation of obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. However, drug candidates exhibiting PTP1B selectivity and oral bioavailability are currently lacking. Here, the enzyme inhibitory characteristics and pharmacological benefits of 3‐bromo‐4,5‐bis(2,3‐dibromo‐4,5‐dihydroxybenzyl)‐1,2‐benzenediol (BDB) were investigated in vitro and in vivo.Experimental ApproachSurface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay was performed to validate the direct binding of BDB to PTP1B, and Lineweaver–Burk analysis of the enzyme kinetics was used to characterise the inhibition by BDB. Both in vitro enzyme‐inhibition assays and SPR experiments were also conducted to study the selectivity exhibited by BDB towards four other PTP‐family proteins: TC‐PTP, SHP‐1, SHP‐2, and LAR. C2C12 myotubes were used to evaluate cellular permeability to BDB. Effects of BDB on insulin signalling, hypoglycaemia and hypolipidaemia were investigated in diabetic BKS db mice, after oral gavage. The beneficial effects of BDB on pancreatic islets were examined based on insulin and/or glucagon staining.Key ResultsBDB acted as a competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and demonstrated high selectivity for PTP1B among the tested PTP‐family proteins. Moreover, BDB was cell‐permeable and enhanced insulin signalling in C2C12 myotubes. Lastly, oral administration of BDB produced effective antidiabetic effects in spontaneously diabetic mice and markedly improved islet architecture, which was coupled with an increase in the ratio of β‐cells to α‐cells.Conclusion and ImplicationsBDB application offers a potentially practical pharmacological approach for treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus by selectively inhibiting PTP1B.