bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fundamental Model for Wormhole Formation Including Multiphase Flow
Authors: Cheng Haoran , Palharini Schwalbert Mateus , Hill A. Daniel , Zhu Ding 
Published: June 2020

Summary
The industry has been developing numerical models to simulate the wormholing phenomenon in carbonate matrix acidizing, both to save cost and time with experiments and to scale up the laboratory results to field scale. The two-scale continuum model is a fundamental model that has been successfully used for this end. Previous studies with this model only simulated single-phase flow: injection of acid into a water-saturated rock. However, significantly different behavior is observed experimentally by injecting acid into oil- or gas-saturated cores. In this work, we present a fundamental multiphase model for wormhole formation using the two-scale continuum approach, allowing the simulation of wormholing for acid injection into oil- or gas-bearing rocks, with different saturations.
The two-scale continuum model represents the fluid flow and acid transport in the porous medium at the Darcy scale but calculates the acid-rock reaction with dissolution of the rock at the pore-scale. This model was implemented in transient 3D anisotropic form. Each phase occupies a volume fraction in each gridblock, defined by the porosity and fluid saturations. The fluid flow is calculated by solving the Darcy-Brinkman-Stokes equation, in which the relative permeabilities are functions of the saturations. The acid transport and reaction equations are solved, and as the acid injection proceeds and the rock is dissolved, the porosity increases in the gridblocks where dissolution occurs. The pore properties, such as permeability, pore radius, and specific surface area, are updated as porosity evolves, being scaled up from pore to Darcy scale. The simulation keeps track of the different fluid phases by calculating the saturations using the Implicit Pressure Explicit Saturation (IMPES) method.
The developed model was implemented in an open-source computational fluid dynamics package and validated against experimental data. For the validation, the adjustable parameters in the model were calibrated so that the simulation results represent the different dissolution patterns and correctly reproduce the acid efficiency curves obtained experimentally. The same calibrated model was used to simulate the coreflooding experiments with water- and oil-saturated cores. The dissolution patterns (face dissolution, conical wormhole, dominant wormhole, etc.) and acid efficiency curves predicted by the new model match the experimental data. Other simulations presented include the shift in the acid efficiency curves observed for different oil viscosities, residual oil saturations, and different water saturations.
To our knowledge, this is the first 3D two-scale continuum model to simulate wormhole propagation including multiphase flow. With adequate history match, it was shown to accurately predict the acidizing results for different fluid saturations, as observed in experiments.
Status of MWth Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (IGFC) Power Generation System Demonstration in China
Authors: Wei Chang , Liu Zhien , Li Chufu , Singh Surinder , Lu Haoren , Gong Yudong , Li Pingping , Wang Hanlin , Yang Xia , Xu Ming 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper provides status update of IGFC power generation system being developed at National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon (NICE) at MW th scale. This system is designed to use coal as fuel to produce syngas as a first step similar to integrated gasification combined cycles (IGCC). Subsequently, the solid oxide fuel cell system is used to convert chemical energy to electricity electrochemically without combustion, which is different from IGCC. This system leads to a higher efficiency as compared to a traditional coal-fired power plant. The unreacted fuel in the SOFC system is transported to an oxygen-combustor to be converted to steam and CO 2 . Through heat recovery system, the steam is condensed and removed, and CO 2 is enriched and captured for sequestration or other application, such as co-electrolysis of CO 2 and H 2 O using curtailed renewable energy for production of syngas. Comprehensive economic analysis for a typical IGFC system was performed and the results were compared with supercritical pulverized coal-fired (SCPC) power plant, showing the cost of electricity (COE) of IGFC could be up to 20% lower than that by SCPC with CO 2 capture. The SOFC stacks selected for IGFC development were tested and qualified under both hydrogen and simulated coal syngas fuel showing good consistency and stable long term performance. Experimental results using SOFC stacks and thermodynamic analysis (using ASPEN Plus) indicate that the hydrogen to CO ratio of the syngas is preferred to be 1.68 or higher to avoid carbon deposition inside of the fuel pipe. For lower H 2 /CO ratio, steam to CO ratio needs to be higher. Besides, the steam needs to be mixed well with the syngas above 100 o C and below the temperatures where carbon formation is thermodynamically favored. The 20kW SOFC power generation unit is being developed with design system conditions of 20 kW maximum power, current density of 0.334 A/cm 2 , DC efficiency of 50.41%, and fuel utilization of 80%. A 100kW subsystem will consist of 6 x 20kW power generation units, and the MW th IGFC system will consist of 5 x 100kW sub-systems.
Psychological distress and somatization in immigrants in primary health care practices.
Authors: García-Sierra Rosa , Fernández-Cano María Isabel , Manresa-Domínguez Josep Maria , Feijoo-Cid María , Gabriel Eduard Moreno , Arreciado-Marañón Antonia , Ramos-Roure Francesc , Segura Jordi , Torán-Monserrat Pere 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The process of international migration causes a situation of vulnerability in people's health and greater difficulty in coping with disease. Furthermore, the adversities suffered during migration can trigger reactive signs of stress and cause anxious, depressive, confusional and somatic symptoms. This article studies the relationships between psychosocial risk, psychological distress and somatization in immigrants from 4 communities: Maghrebis, sub-Saharans, centro-South Americans and Hindustanis.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out with questionnaires on 602 immigrants who were surveyed in the Primary Care Centres of an urban area of Catalonia. The instruments used were the Demographic Psychosocial Inventory (DPSI), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Somatic Symptom Inventory (SSI).
Results
The average psychosocial risk obtained was 0.35, with the highest values in the sub-Saharan community. Psychological distress showed a mean value of 0.66, with the sub-Saharan community scoring the lowest in all dimensions except depression. The average somatization values were 1.65, with the sub-Saharan community scoring the least. The female gender is a risk factor for somatization and psychological distress.
Conclusions
Perceived psychosocial risk is a predictor of psychological distress, but not somatization, suggesting that the use of more adaptive coping strategies could minimize the effect of the migration process on somatizations.
Association of whole blood copper, zinc and magnesium levels with risk of metabolic syndrome components in Chinese rural 6-12 years old children: the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey
Authors: Zhang Huidi , Man Qingqing , Song Pengkun , Li Siran , Liu Xiaobing , Wang Lijuan , Li Yuqian , Yang Lichen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Copper, zinc and magnesium are essential elements and participate in a series of oxidative stress and inflammation related to metabolic reactions. There are many studies analyzed the relationship between Cu, Zn, Mg and metabolic syndrome(MetS), which involved in adults and adolescents, but there are still few in children.
Objective

We aim to estimate the association of whole blood copper, zinc and magnesium with metabolic syndrome components in Chinese rural 6–12 years old children.
Method:

A total of 911 children aged 6–12 were enrolled from the 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey in this study. The basic characteristics, metals and MetS components parameters were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to confirm the independent relationship between metals and the incident of MetS components.
Results

Elevated waist was positively associated with higher whole blood Cu concentration(OR = 2.00) and higher ratio of Cu/Zn(OR = 2.08), whereas elevated TG was negatively associated with higher Cu (OR = 0.33) and higher Cu/Zn(OR = 0.35) level. And higher level of Zn (OR = 2.12) and Mg (OR = 2.34) were both positively associated with elevated TG. In the combination of low Cu and high Zn level, it increased the risk of elevated TG(OR = 2.21), which consistent with the single analysis of these two metals. Mg has no significant effect on elevated waist when analysis alone. However, when there was high Mg and Cu at the same time, the risk of elevated waist increased significantly (OR = 2.03). In addition, different from single analysis of Zn and Mg, when high Zn and low Mg combined, it can significantly decreased the risk of reduced HDL-C (OR = 0.47).
Conclusion

The level of whole blood Cu, Zn, Cu/Zn and Mg within the normal range in children is associated with the risk of MetS components, especially in elevated TG and elevated waist. And the combination of each two metals has also shown to be correlated to MetS components. The future research will conduct a cohort to further confirm these findings. And the results will also need to be verified in other populations.
The prognostic value of METTL3 in cancer patients: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pan Xingzhu , Li Haolin , Xu Yuyuan , He Chengcheng , Lai Qiuhua , Wang Xinke , Li Qingyuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: M6A methylation modification of RNA can regulate the development of tumor cells. METTL3 is one of the modified methyltransferases. A growing number of studies have shown that high expression of METTL3 may be associated with the unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients and may become a new biomarker. Therefore, this meta-analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value of METTL3 in cancer patients through the available literature information.Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved from electronic literature databases including six English databases and three Chinese databases. Correlation analysis was conducted by Stata SE 15.1 and RevMan 5.3 software. We analyzed 11 eligible studies with a total of 1638 cancer patients in this meta-analysis. We took advantage of HRs and ORs with 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the prognostic value of METTL3 in tumors. Besides,the article was qualified by MOOSE check lists and PRISMA Checklist. Results: The results of the meta-analysis indicated that high expression of METTL3 was associated with low overall survival (OS) (HR=2.67, 95%CI:2.19-3.25, P<0.00001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR=2.23, 95%CI:1.60-3.11, P<0.00001) in various cancers.Stratified analysis of cancer types showed that over expressed METTL3 was related to poor prognosis in digestive system cancer patients, including CRC(HR=2.29, 95%CI:1.50-3.49，P=0.0001) ,GC(HR=2.96，95%CI:2.13-4.12，P＜0.00001)，and liver cancer（HR=2.70，95%CI:1.88-3.88，P＜0.00001). Meanwhile, the elevated METTL3 expression also affected the lymph node metastasis (OR=3.40，95%CI=1.58-7.33，p=0.002) ，vascular invasion (OR=2.04，95%CI=1.06-3.95，p=0.03) and the tumors progression (III/IV vs. I/II: OR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.94 - 7.13, P < 0.0001).Conclusion: The existing analysis indicates that METTL3 is associated with low OS and DFS in cancer patients and may serve as a biomarker to assess prognostic value.
Refractive Error and Biometrics of Anterior Segment of Eyes of Myopic Teenagers
Authors: Ge Huimin , Xu Shanshan , Yan Yanzhi , Jiang Qin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the impact of refractive error and corneal parameters on myopic teenagers by using Pentacam and IOL Master 700. Methods: Retrospective observational case series of 505 eyes from 268 children from 7 to 19 years old presenting with myopia. Clinical course, slit lamp photographs and pentacam and IOL Master 700 findings were the main outcomes. Results: Assessment of the tomographic, topographic of corneal parameters of myopic children without any interventions revealed no statistically significant changes in terms of age based on sex. The mean Rf, Rs, K1 and K2 values of anterior and posterior corneal surface were 7.98±0.24mm, 7.73±0.30mm, 42.38±1.86 degrees, 43.55±1.91 degrees, 6.60±0.25mm, 6.21±0.26mm, -6.07±0.23 degrees, -6.42±0.65 degrees. Boys had higher Rf and Rs, but smaller in K1 and K2 than girls (P<0.05) of both anterior and posterior corneal surface. The Anterior chamber volume (ACV) had significant differences between sex (P<0.05). The Rf, K1 of anterior corneal surface did not show significantly different between ages, however, teenagers only in 7 to 9 age group increased significantly than 13 to 15-year-old group (P=0.031). Meanwhile, the Anterior chamber depth (ACD), Anterior chamber volume (ACV), Pupil diameter (PD), Spherical equivalent (SE) and Axial length (AL) had increasingly differenced in different age groups (P=0.002, 0.002, 0.036, 0.044, 0.002, <0.001). Model performance using p< 0.05 parameters as the predictive factors. SE=3.391+0.08×Age+2.307×Rs-0.094×ACD-0.001×ACV-0.951×AL. Conclusions: Our findings may suggest a physiological nature for ocular changes during the development that may elucidate the special points during the process of myopia of adolescents. We also imitate a formula based on our data which may help to evaluate the myopia of children and the prognosis in clinic.Our research conducted retrospectively registered.
The value of ultrasonography for predicting carotid progression of Takayasu arteritis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ma Ling-Ying , Li Chao-Lun , Chen Rong-Yi , Dai Xiao-Min , Ji Zong-Fei , Chen Hui-Yong , Han Hong , Huang Bei-Jian , Sun Yin , Jiang Lindi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aim

To identify valuable ultrasonography and clinical markers for predicting carotid imaging progression of Takayasu arteritis (TA) during a 1-year follow-up.

Methods

Seventy-seven TA patients were enrolled through a Chinese TA cohort from May 2016 to June 2019. The patients’ clinical characteristics, serological tests, and carotid ultrasonography results were recorded at baseline and each visit. Carotid progression was evaluated by ultrasonography during the 1-year follow-up. Baseline clinical characteristics and ultrasonography results for predicting imaging progression were identified.

Results

Sixteen (20.8%) patients presented with carotid imaging progression during 1-year follow-up. The patients in the progressive group were younger (23.4±3.7 vs. 32.3±9.8 years, p < 0.01) at baseline. Furthermore, the proportion of patients showing treatment resistance (TR) or disease relapse (DR) (87.5% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.01) was higher in the progressive group than in the non-progressive group. Thicker vessel wall was observed in the progressive group than that in the non-progressive group (2.4±0.8 vs. 1.9±0.5 mm, p = 0.041) at baseline. According to the matrix models, patients with thickened carotid wall (≥1.9 mm), TR or DR, and younger age (≤ 30 years) would suffered from a high risk of 75% for carotid imaging progression.

Conclusion

Younger patients with early vascular structural changes at baseline as well as refractory disease seemed more likely to show carotid imaging progression.
Lumped parameter modeling of hybrid magnetomotive force electromechanical valve actuator
Authors: Alvi Muhammad Adnan , Zhang Zhaohui , Aslam Jawad , Ali Saad , Uddin Emad , Tanveer Waqas Hassan , Gillani Syed Omer , Zaidi Ali Abbas , Younis Muhammad Yamin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, an innovative hybrid permanent magnet (PM)/electromagnet (EM) magneto-motive force (MMF) actuator is proposed for variable valve timing camless engines. The proposed design provides a large magnetic force with low energy consumption (startup and valve holding), PM demagnetization isolation, and improved transient response. The modified hybrid valve actuator (MHVA) was designed in ANSYS Maxwell software and validated empirically by prototype. A lumped parameter model (LPM) based on mathematical equations is developed to approximate Finite Element Method (FEM) and experimental results. The LPM is divided into electrical, magnetic and mechanical subsystems that are developed and integrated in MATLAB software. The comparative analysis of LPM, FEM and empirical results confirmed improved dynamic performance and energy consumption.
Limited Recurrence Distance of Glioblastoma Under Modern Radiotherapy Era
Authors: Tu ZiWei , Xiong Huifen , Qiu Yang , Li Guoqing , Wang Li , Peng Shiyi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The optimal treatment volume for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is still a subject of debate worldwide. The current study was aimed to determine the distances between recurring tumors and the edge of primary lesions, and thereby provide evidence for accurate target area delineation.Methods: Between October 2007 and March 2019, 68 recurrent patients with GBM were included in our study. We measured the distance from the initial tumor to the recurrent lesion of GBM patients by expanding the initial gross tumor volume (GTV) to overlap the center of recurrent lesion, with the help of the Pinnacle Treatment Planning System.Results: Recurrences were local in 56(82.3%) patients, distant in 21(30.9%) patients, and both in 9(13.2%) patients. Factors significantly influencing local recurrence were age (P = 0.049), sex (P = 0.049), and the size of peritumoral edema (P = 0.00). A total number of 91 recurrent tumors were analyzed. All local recurrences occurred within 2cm and 94.8% (55/58) occurred within 1cm of the original GTV based on T1 enhanced imaging. All local recurrences occurred within 1.5 cm and 98.3%(57/58) occurred within 0.5 cm of the original GTV based on T2-FLAIR imaging. 90.9% (30/33) and 81.8% (27/33) distant recurrences occurred ＞3 cm of T1 enhanced and T2-Flair primary tumor margins, respectively. Conclusions: The 1cm margin from T1 enhanced lesions and 0.5cm margin from T2-Flair abnormal lesions could cover 94.8% and 98.3% local recurrences respectively, which deserves further prospective study as a limited but effective target area.
Operative Choice for Displaced Proximal Humeral Fractures in Adolescents with Open Visible Physis: A Comparative Study of External Fixator vs. Kirschner Wire
Authors: Hong Pan , Rai Saroj , Qian Huabing , Liu Ruikang , Li Jin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: For adolescents of severely displaced proximal humeral fracture (PHF), surgery is a good choice yielding excellent outcomes. Kirchner wire (KW) is a cost-effective choice for fixation, and this study aims to compare the clinical outcomes of external fixator (EF) vs. KW for the treatment of PHF in adolescents. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on external fixator for PHF in children and adolescents.Methods: Patients of PHF operated in our institute, from January 2008 to January 2016, were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic data, including sex, age at the time of surgery, operated side, and hardware choice, were collected from the hospital database. Preoperative radiographs were reviewed and classified according to Neer-Horwitz classification. Shoulder function was evaluated during 12th month follow-up using rating scale of the American shoulder and elbow surgeons (ASES). Complications, including infection, malunion, nonunion, stiffness of the shoulder joint, and failure of fixation were also recorded.Results: Thirty-five patients, including 23 males and 12 females, were included in the EF group, whereas 40 patients, including 25 males and 15 females, were included in the KW group (P = 0.867). The average age of patients in the EF group was 13.3 ± 1.7 years, and that of KW was 13.6 ± 1.8 years (P = 0.409). Patients in both groups were followed-up for at least 12 months. The operative time in the EF group (42.4 ± 11.2, min) was significantly shorter than those in the KW group (54 ± 13.6, min), P < 0.001. The frequency of fluoroscopy in the EF group (12 ± 2.4) was significantly less than those in the KW group (17 ± 2.8), P < 0.001. The rate of open reduction was significantly higher in KW (35%) group than those in the EF group (0%), P < 0.001. There was no nonunion, malunion cases in both groups.Conclusion: External fixator is superior to Kirschner wire in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in adolescents with shorter operative time, lower rate of ORIF and comparable clinical outcomes.
Screening of Antifungal Substances from Bovistella Radicata (Mont.) Pat and Their Antifungal Effect
Authors: Ye Yong , Zeng Qinghua , Liu Kun , qingmei zeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background To analyse the antifungal active compounds in B. radicata alcohol extract, the alcohol extract was purified by column chromatography (macroporous resinD-101) and the active compounds was named as SPAF-1(the spore powder active fraction). Results Alcohol extracts and SPAF-1 were submitted to GC-MS analysis, there were two characteristic peaks(peak1 and peak2) in Gas chromatogram. By comparing in NIST, the compound were 2-propyl-1-pentanol corresponding to peak1 and decanal, n-decanol and 2E-decanol corresponding to peak2. The main constituents were decanal(24.3%) n-decanol(27.9%), 2E-decenol (21.2%) and 2-Propyl-1-pentanol (13.6%). Their MIC values were 62.5 µg/ml, 31.2 µg/ml, 31.2 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml against T. rubrum respectively. Furthermore, transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed altered surface morphology in the majority of T. rubrum cells after treatment with SPAF-1. Conclusions In this paper, we successfully separate SPAF-1 from alcohol extract of B. radicata. The antifungal effect of SPAF-1 is similar to positive control, the main component were decanal, n-decanol, 2E-decenol and 2-Propyl-1-pentanol, the anti-tinea pedis effect of them was obvious.
Repurposing Combination Therapy of Voacamine with Vincristine for Down Regulation of HIF-1α/FASN Co-Axis and PHD2 Activation in ER+ Mammary Neoplasia
Authors: Singh Lakhveer , Singh Manjari , Ansari Mohd. Nazam , Saeedan Abdulaziz S. , Kaithwas Gaurav 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The current study was attempted to inquest the role of combination therapy of Voacamine and Vincristine for the prevention of mammary gland carcinoma through prolyl hydroxylase‐2 activation. The prolyl hydroxylase‐2 activation leads the downregulation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and fatty acid synthase. Over expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and fatty acid synthase is previously reported in solid tumor of mammary gland. Methods: After screening a battery of natural compounds which were similar to vincristine, vocamine was selected as a possible prolyl hydroxylase‐2 activator and justify its activity using 7, 12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced rat model. The combination therapy was evaluated for cardiac toxicity using hemodynamic profile. The angiogenic markers were evaluated using carmine staining. Monotherapy and combination therapy were also evaluated for liver and kidney toxicity through haematoxylin and eosin staining. The combination therapy also delineated the markers of oxidative stress favorably. Afterwards, the disruption of fatty acids was evaluated using gas chromatography. Results: The immunoblotting analysis validated that combination therapy has a potential to switch on the prolyl hydroxylase‐2 activity and thus initiate proteolytic degradation of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and its consequence effects. The combination therapy also stimulated programmed cell death (apoptosis) in rapidly dividing cancer cells.Conclusion: The present study explores the role of voacamine in activation of prolyl hydroxylase‐2 which can decrease over expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and fatty acid synthase in cells of mammary gland carcinoma.