bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of New Launch and Interferometer Systems for the IMGC-02 Absolute Gravimeter
Authors: Prato Andrea , Desogus Sergio , Origlia Claudio , Bisi Marco , Germak Alessandro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor the measurement of the acceleration due to gravity, INRiM developed a transportable ballistic rise-and-fall absolute gravimeter, the IMGC-02. It uses laser interferometry to measure the symmetrical free rising and falling motion of a test mass in the gravity field. The launch system is composed of a moveable carriage fixed to two pairs of springs loaded by an electric stepper motor, which vertically throw up a corner cube retroreflector in vacuum. The interferometer system is a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer where the launched corner cube acts as the reflector in one of the optical arms of the interferometer and the other retroreflector acts as inertial reference during the measurement. However, both systems entail some practical problems and uncertainty contributions that need to be reduced. In particular, the current launch system might cause beam shear and rotational effects due to unavoidable small different loadings of the springs, while the current interferometer system poses problems in the alignment of the mirrors, which is a highly time-consuming procedure and has to be performed before and, sometimes, during the measurement session. For this reason, a new launch system consisting of an electric linear motor which produces a linear force along its length, and a modified Jamin interferometer system entailing a simpler alignment and a better stability in time, have been designed. This works deals with the description of these new systems.
Cytotoxicity of some synthetic bis(arylidene) derivatives of cyclic ketones towards cisplatin-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cells
Authors: Patel Hinal , Mothia Begum , Patel Jaison , Fasanya Olatunde , Sooda Kartheek , Javid Farideh , Wyatt Peter B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSymmetrical α,αʹ-bis(arylidene)ketones were prepared by acid-catalyzed aldol condensations between aliphatic ketones (e.g., cyclopentanone, 4-alkylcyclohexanones, tetrahydropyran-4-one, and tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one) and two equivalents of an aromatic hydroxyaldehyde (e.g., 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, isovanillin, and 3-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde). Most of the compounds were cytotoxic towards the cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line A2780-CP70 as well as the non-resistant line A2780.
S3-Leitlinie: Analfissur
Authors: Marti Lukas , Post Stefan , Herold Alexander , Schwandner Oliver , Hetzer Franc , Strittmatter Bernhard , Iesalnieks Igors , Huth Marcus , Schmidt-Lauber Martin , Weyandt Gerhard , Ommer Andreas , Ebinger Sabrina M. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Analfissur ist eine der häufigsten Pathologien, welche sich dem Proktologen präsentiert. Entsprechend ist es wichtig, verlässliche Leitlinien dazu zu entwickeln. Die aktuelle Leitlinie wurde anhand eines systematischen Literaturreview von einem interdisziplinären Expertengremium diskutiert und verabschiedet.Die akute Analfissur, soll auf Grund ihrer hohen Selbstheilungstendenz konservativ behandelt werden. Die Heilung wird am besten durch die Einnahme von Ballaststoff reicher Ernährung und einer medikamentösen Relaxation durch Kalziumkanal-Antagonisten (CCA) unterstützt. Zur Behandlung der chronischen Analfissur (CAF), soll den Patienten eine medikamentöse Behandlung zur „chemischen Sphinkterotomie“ mittels topischer CCA oder Nitraten angeboten werden. Bei Versagen dieser Therapie, kann zur Relaxation des inneren Analsphinkters Botulinumtoxin injiziert werden. Es ist belegt, dass die operativen Therapien effektiver sind. Deshalb kann eine Operation schon als primäre Therapie oder nach erfolgloser medikamentöser Therapie erfolgen. Die Fissurektomie, evtl. mit zusätzlicher Botulinumtoxin Injektion oder Lappendeckung, ist die Operation der Wahl. Obwohl die laterale Internus Sphinkterotomie die CAF effektiver heilt, bleibt diese wegen dem höheren Risiko für eine postoperative Stuhlinkontinenz eine Option für Einzelfälle.
Mid‐Term and Long‐Term Impact of Permanent Hypoparathyroidism After Total Thyroidectomy
Authors: Ponce de León‐Ballesteros Guillermo , Bonilla‐Ramírez Carlos , Hernández‐Calderón Francisco Javier , Pantoja‐Millán Juan Pablo , Sierra‐Salazar Mauricio , Velázquez‐Fernández David , Herrera Miguel F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPermanent hypoparathyroidism (PH) is the most frequent long‐term complication after total thyroidectomy. PH is related to many short‐term and long‐term complications, including clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia due to overtreatment, hyperphosphatemia, gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric symptoms, decrease in renal function and infectious complications. The aim of this study was to identify the most frequent effects of PH and its associated risk factors.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of a single institutional series of patients who developed PH after total thyroidectomy between 2000 and 2016. PH was defined as hypoparathormonemia (≤12 pg/mL) or the need for calcium/vitamin D supplementation to achieve normal calcium levels for more than 12 months. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed based on the natural scaling of each included variable.ResultsThirty‐nine patients fulfilled the criteria for PH. Mean ± SD age was 46.26 ± 13.4 years; 6 (15.4%) were males and 33 (84.6%) females. Mean follow‐up was 6.13 ± 3.25 years. Mean calcium carbonate supplementation doses per day were 18.95 ± 17.5 g and 21.4 ± 19.3 g at 1 year and last follow‐up, respectively. Hypocalcemic crisis was the most common complication (66.7%), followed by neuropsychiatric (38.5%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (33.3%). Ten patients showed a decrease in renal function (eGFR drop ≥25%) and 4 developed chronic kidney disease. The amount of calcium supplementation was the most relevant related risk factor.ConclusionsPH is associated with multiple complications, including renal function impairment, gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric and infectious complications. Lower calcium supplementation doses are related to lower complications rates.
Characterisation of the static offset in the travelling wave in the cochlear basal turn
Authors: Ota Takeru , Nin Fumiaki , Choi Samuel , Muramatsu Shogo , Sawamura Seishiro , Ogata Genki , Sato Mitsuo P. , Doi Katsumi , Doi Kentaro , Tsuji Tetsuro , Kawano Satoyuki , Reichenbach Tobias , Hibino Hiroshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn mammals, audition is triggered by travelling waves that are evoked by acoustic stimuli in the cochlear partition, a structure containing sensory hair cells and a basilar membrane. When the cochlea is stimulated by a pure tone of low frequency, a static offset occurs in the vibration in the apical turn. In the high-frequency region at the cochlear base, multi-tone stimuli induce a quadratic distortion product in the vibrations that suggests the presence of an offset. However, vibrations below 100 Hz, including a static offset, have not been directly measured there. We therefore constructed an interferometer for detecting motion at low frequencies including 0 Hz. We applied the interferometer to record vibrations from the cochlear base of guinea pigs in response to pure tones. When the animals were exposed to sound at an intensity of 70 dB or higher, we recorded a static offset of the sinusoidally vibrating cochlear partition by more than 1 nm towards the scala vestibuli. The offset’s magnitude grew monotonically as the stimuli intensified. When stimulus frequency was varied, the response peaked around the best frequency, the frequency that maximised the vibration amplitude at threshold sound pressure. These characteristics are consistent with those found in the low-frequency region and are therefore likely common across the cochlea. The offset diminished markedly when the somatic motility of mechanosensitive outer hair cells, the force-generating machinery that amplifies the sinusoidal vibrations, was pharmacologically blocked. Therefore, the partition offset appears to be linked to the electromotile contraction of outer hair cells.
Laboratory Scaled Coal Dust Explosions and Physical Test Results for CFD Explosion Models
Authors: Maier Patrick , Hartlieb Philipp , Brune Jürgen F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe work was carried out during an exchange program of several-months at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) in Golden, Colorado. The goal of the thesis was to investigate scaled methane and coal dust explosions for the validation of CFD models. A series of different tests were performed in a horizontal, cylindrical steel reactor with a length of 1.5 m and a diameter of 63 mm at a scale of about 1:30. These tests are used to investigate the effect of coal dust on the combustion process by measuring the velocity of propagation. Furthermore, a reactor was constructed to visualize coal dust explosions, their interaction with the methane flame and the entrainment of coal dust particles. These approaches will help to understand the relationship between the particle dispersion and the turbulent flame propagation and to prepare experiments in a larger, ~1:5 scaled steel reactor (L = 31 m, D = 0.71 m).
Projektion der COVID-19-Epidemie in Deutschland
Authors: Donsimoni Jean Roch , Glawion René , Plachter Bodo , Wälde Klaus 
Published: April 2020

ZusamenfassungDie COVID-19-Epidemie wird in Deutschland im optimistischen Szenario mindestens bis Juli 2020 dauern, im normalen Szenario bis August. Öffentliche Maßnahmen wie Kontaktverbote flachen den Anstieg der Zahl der Erkrankungen temporär ab und verlängern die Dauer der Epidemie. In der Spitze sind im optimistischen Szenario gleichzeitig bis zu 200.000 Menschen erkrankt, im normalen Szenario liegen die Werte um 1 Million. Langfristig werden im normalen Szenario 6 % der Bevölkerung (gemeldet) erkrankt gewesen sein.
Exploratory study of the association in the United Kingdom between hypertension and inorganic arsenic (iAs) intake from rice and rice products
Authors: Xu Lingqian , Polya David A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHypertension risks arising from chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) are well documented. Consumption of rice is a major iAs exposure route for over 3 billion people; however, there is a lack of epidemiological evidence demonstrating an association of hypertension risks with iAs intake from rice, especially in areas where there is little exposure from drinking water but a growing demand for rice intake. To address this, we conducted an individual-level cross-sectional analysis to quantify the extent to which daily iAs intake from rice and rice products (E-iAsing,rice) modifies the association between hypertension risks and previously well-established risk factors. The analysis was based on secondary dietary, socio-demographic and health status data of 598 participants recorded in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2014–2016. E-iAsing,rice and five blood pressure endpoints were derived with potential associations explored through generalized linear models. According to the results, a negative but not significant relationship was found between hypertension risks and E-iAsing,rice after adjusting for major risk factors, notably age, gender, diabetes and obesity, with relatively higher risks being observed for male, middle-aged, overweight, alcohol consumer or Asian or Asian British, Black or Black British and mixed ethnic groups. Though inconclusive and mainly limited by potential incomplete adjustment for major confounders and intrinsic disadvantages of a cross-sectional design, this study was the first quantifying the individual level dose–response relationship between E-iAsing,rice and hypertension risks and is consistent with previous studies on the limited associations of hypertension with low-level arsenic exposure from drinking water. Larger scale cohort studies are indicated to quantify the association but in any event it is likely to be weak.
Using Neuro–Evolutionary Techniques to Tune Odometric Navigational System of Small Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicle – Preliminary Report
Authors: Praczyk Tomasz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAutonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are robots that operate in underwater environment and do not need involvement of an operator when performing some tasks. In order to move independently in water environment, AUVs need navigation capabilities, on the one hand, they have to be able to detect obstacles and avoid them, and on the other hand, they also have to know their own position and spatial orientation, at least course. With regard to the orientation, there are many various solutions like inertial systems, inclinometers, magnetic compasses, optical gyro–compasses, whereas, position due to unavailability of GPS requires solutions dedicated to underwater environment such as inertial navigation. To this end, information about spatial orientation and velocity is necessary. When the vehicle is not equipped with a device to measure velocity, e.g. because of small size of the vehicle itself, the only solution is to use odometry, that is, to apply information from the drive to estimate the velocity. The paper presents Odometric Navigational System (ONS) designed for a small biomimetic autonomous underwater vehicle (BAUV) and tuned by means of neuro–evolutionary techniques. To verify system performance, data from the real BAUV were applied.
Prevalence of Positive Mental Health and Associated Factors Among Postpartum Women in Canada: Findings from a National Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Varin Mélanie , Palladino Elia , Orpana Heather M. , Wong Suzy L. , Gheorghe Mihaela , Lary Tanya , Baker Melissa M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of three positive mental health (PMH) outcomes (self-rated mental health, life satisfaction, sense of community belonging) in postpartum women to the general population, and to examine the relationship between protective factors and the three PMH outcomes among postpartum women.

Methods
The national cross-sectional Survey on Maternal Health (n = 6558) was analyzed. Analyses were weighted and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Three adjusted logistic regression models were generated. To compare this sample to the general population of women, estimates from the Canadian Community Health Survey—Annual Component (2018) were used.

Results
Compared to the general population of women, a larger proportion of postpartum women reported a strong sense of community belonging. The odds of postpartum women with high self-rated physical health having high self-rated mental health were approximately seven times greater (aOR 6.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.9, 8.1) than postpartum women with lower self-rated physical health. The absence of symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and high self-rated physical health were significantly associated with all three PMH outcomes. Frequent availability of maternal support was associated with greater odds of high life satisfaction (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4, 1.9) and sense of community belonging (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2, 1.6).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that availability of maternal support, self-rated physical health and absence of symptoms of PPD or GAD were associated with PMH among postpartum women. As physical health had the strongest association with mental health, we encourage further examination of this relationship.
Ethnopharmacologically important but underestimated genus Sorbus: a comprehensive review
Authors: Sołtys Agnieszka , Galanty Agnieszka , Podolak Irma 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSorbus L. sensu lato (Rosaceae family) comprises over 250 trees and shrubs growing in the Northern Hemisphere. Several Sorbus species have found their way into traditonal materia medica, as different leaf, bark or fruit preparations have a long-standing folk use. Ethnomedicine recommends their use not only in respiratory and gastrointestinal system disorders, but also in rheumatism, cancer or diabetes. Chemical composition of the genus Sorbus has been studied since 1960s and until now more than 250 compounds have been identified from thirty-eight species. The most thoroughly investigated substances are phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids). Other constituents include triterpenes, sterols, carboxylic acids, coumarins and cyanogenic glycosides. Biological activity studies performed on the representatives of the genus Sorbus have been predominantly conducted on extracts prepared with the use of different solvents, and more rarely on isolated constituents. The majority of these studies were devoted to determination of antioxidant potential of Sorbus extracts. In a few cases targeted studies were conducted to confirm specific folk usage. Two of the fairly well documented medicinal uses are the antidiabetic activity of Sorbus decora and anti-inflammatory activity of Sorbus commixta.
Growing up Healthy in Families Across the Globe: Cross-Cultural Harmonisation of Childhood Risk-Factors Using Longitudinal Studies from Ireland, Scotland and New Zealand
Authors: Doran Patty , Bradshaw Paul , Morton Susan , Tautolo El-Shadan , Williams James , Cunningham Chris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Growing Up Healthy in Families Across the Globe project is an international collaboration examining the potential for harmonised analysis using five longitudinal studies (from New Zealand, Ireland and Scotland). All five studies follow the lives of children, are interested in the dynamics of family change and work to inform policy to potentially improve population well-being across the life-course. Comparative analysis from harmonised longitudinal studies, where change over time is emphasised, provides a unique view to determine how and why environments change, which environments are supportive and which are not. This paper discusses the challenges and tasks involved when preparing and conducting harmonised analysis, and initial findings from the Growing Up Healthy project are discussed. The studies were, from New Zealand, Te Hoe Nuku Roa, the Pacific Island Families Study and Growing Up in New Zealand, and from Scotland and Ireland Growing Up in Scotland and Growing Up in Ireland. Post hoc data harmonisation of measures resulted in the identification of several closely aligned variables. The harmonised descriptive variables from the five studies highlight many similarities across the studies. A risk factor model to predict child development outcomes (using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) was developed and resulted in very similar patterns of risk in New Zealand, Ireland and Scotland. Risks included: maternal relationship status, maternal education, smoking in pregnancy, maternal self-reported health and maternal long-standing illness. The insights will be of interest to all those concerned with child development in contemporary New Zealand, Ireland, Scotland and other similar countries.
Morphology of the anterolateral ligament: a complex of fibrous tissues spread to the anterolateral aspect of the knee joint
Authors: Nasu Hisayo , Nimura Akimoto , Yamaguchi Kumiko , Akita Keiichi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe anterolateral ligament (ALL) has recently received considerable attention as a key structure maintaining the rotational stability of the tibia. However, the morphology of the ALL, particularly the proximal attachment, is controversial. This study aimed to elucidate the morphological relationship between the ALL and its adjacent structures. A total of 25 knees from 22 cadavers were used in the current study. One knee was set at 30°, 60° and 90° of flexion. Stretched or winkled fibrous tissues were then observed with internal and external rotations of the tibia at each angle. In 22 knees, fibrous tissues that were attached to the lateroposterior area to the Gerdy’s tubercle were macroscopically observed. In the other 2 knees, the fibrous tissues were histologically investigated and analyzed using computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction. A taut fibrous tissue was observed between the lateroposterior area to the Gerdy’s tubercle and the posterosuperior area to the lateral epicondyle during an internal rotation of the tibia. A complex of fibrous tissues that were attached to the lateroposterior area to the Gerdy’s tubercle spread to the anterolateral aspect of the knee as a sheet-like structure. This complex tissue was composed of the fascia lata and fibrous tissues continuous from the fabellofibular ligament, intermuscular septum, and tendon of the gastrocnemius. Three-dimensional reconstruction showed that each fibrous tissue formed a sheet. The structure recognized as the ALL could not be detected; therefore, the ALL that has been reported to date is considered to be a complex of fibrous tissues with a sheet-like structure.
“The biggest barrier was my own self”: the role of social comparison in non-traditional students’ journey to medicine
Authors: Ball Rachel , Alexander Kirsty , Cleland Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Social comparisons strongly influence an individual’s concept of self, their aspirations and decisions. This study investigates how non-traditional applicants used social comparison to shape their preferences, beliefs and predictions whilst preparing an application for medical school.
Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 UK medical students from non-traditional backgrounds to explore their process of ‘getting ready’ for medical school, and the role social comparison played in their experiences. Thematic analysis was used to inductively develop themes in the data, before findings were interpreted through the ‘triadic model’ of social comparison.
Results Findings revealed that participants looked to the opinions of those with similar norms and backgrounds to accept their desire to study medicine. They sought the opinions of ‘experts’ to affirm a belief in their suitability but lacked confidence until success in crucial examinations ‘proved’, in their own view, that they had the ability to do medicine. Social comparison to peers who were perceived to be less committed to medicine, and to relatable role models, reassured participants that someone from their background could succeed in medicine.
Discussion Our findings further understanding about ‘how’ and ‘why’ exposure to relevant experts, peers and role models can positively influence application to medicine through the lens of social comparison.
Nonparametric Predictive Inference Bootstrap with Application to Reproducibility of the Two-Sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test
Authors: Coolen Frank P. A. , Himd Sulafah Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces a new bootstrap method based on the nonparametric predictive inference (NPI) approach to statistics. NPI is a frequentist statistics framework which explicitly focuses on prediction of future observations. The NPI framework enables a bootstrap method (NPI-B) to be introduced which, different to Efron’s classical bootstrap (Ef-B), is aimed at prediction of future observations instead of estimation of population characteristics. A brief initial comparison of NPI-B and Ef-B is presented. The main reason for introducing NPI-B here is for its application to NPI for reproducibility of statistical tests, which is illustrated for the two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.