bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milde Hypertonie: Was sind die Grenzwerte, wen soll man wie behandeln?
Authors: van der Giet Markus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor decades, it was not clear how to deal with mild hypertension in patients, especially with low cardiovascular risk. In particular, the findings of the therapy studies, which have rarely examined the uncomplicated mild case of hypertension due to the low expected event rate, certainly suggest that therapy of mild hypertension in a period of 10 years has little effect on the patients. With a longer observation period and also through insights from register analyzes, especially with systematic follow-up, it becomes clear that it makes sense to treat a mild hypertension even at low cardiovascular risk. The Europeans definitely point out the right path in their guidelines. Here, the dilemma exists between the strict evidence base and the expert opinion with extrapolation of data. Patients well below the age of 65 years with mild hypertension and low overall cardiovascular risk should be offered the option to adjust blood pressure even with systolic targets below 130 mmHg. If the patient is older than 65, target blood pressure achievement should not be so ambitious anymore, but also dependent on the tolerance of the patient. Certainly, the practitioner must explain clearly to the younger patient that regular therapy will not necessarily bring him an advantage over the next 10 years, and that the effects may not really materialize until 20 years, and then reduce the risk of stroke or heart attack.
Reliability of the Functional Threshold Power in Competitive Cyclists
Authors: Klitzke Borszcz Fernando , Tramontin Artur Ferreira , Costa Vitor Pereira 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFunctional threshold power (FTP) is defined as the highest power that a cyclist can maintain in a quasi-steady state without fatigue for approximately 1 hour. To improve practicality, a 20-minute time-trial test was proposed, where FTP is represented by 95% of the mean power produced. It is preceded by a specific 45-min warm-up, with periods of low intensity, fast accelerations, and a 5-min time-trial. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the reliability of this protocol, including the reliability of the warm-up, pacing strategy, and FTP determination. For this purpose, 25 trained cyclists performed a familiarization and two other tests separated by seven days. The coefficient of variation (CV [%]), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and change in the mean between test and retest were calculated. The results show that the 20-min time-trial was reliable (CV=2.9%, ICC=0.97), despite a less reliable warm-up (CV=5.5%, ICC=0.84). The changes in the mean between the test and retest were trivial to small for all measurements, and the pacing strategy was consistent across all trials. These results suggest that FTP determination with a 20-min protocol was reliable in trained cyclists.
Gene Regulatory Effect of Pyruvate Kinase M2 is Involved in Renal
Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Li Le , Tang Lei , Yang Xiaoping , Chen Ruifang , Zhang Zhen , Leng Yiping , Chen Alex F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and Aims The inflammation of glomerular endothelial cells
induces and promotes the activation of macrophages and contributes to the
development of diabetic nephropathy. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the
gene regulatory effect and potential role of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in
inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy.
Methods The plasma PKM2 levels of patients with diabetes were evaluated.
Eight-week-old mice were divided into three groups (WT, db/db mice, and db/db mice treated with TEPP-46) and raised for 12 weeks. Blood and
kidney samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Endothelial cells
were stimulated with high glucose with or without TEPP-46. The expression of
intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1
beta (IL-1β), phospho-PKM2, PKM2, phospho-STAT3(signal transducer and activator of transcription), STAT3, nuclear factor
kappa B (NF-kB), and phospho-NF-kB in vivo and in vitro were
determined using Western blot. The activation of macrophages
(CD68+CD86+) in the glomeruli was
assessed via fluorescent double staining. Moreover, immune endothelial adhesion
experiments were performed.
Results The plasma PKM2 levels of patients with type 2 diabetes
increased. P-PKM2 was up-regulated in vivo and in vitro. TEPP-46
decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and ICAM-1 expression in vivo
and in vitro and inhibited the differentiation of macrophages to M1 cells
in db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy. PKM2 regulated the
phosphorylation of STAT3 and NF-kB. Furthermore, high glucose levels induced the
transition from tetramer to dimer and the nuclear translocation of PKM2.
Conclusion The gene regulatory effect of PKM2 is involved in renal
inflammation in type 2 diabetic nephropathy by promoting the phosphorylation of
STAT3 and NF-kB and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Thus,
the down-regulation of phosphorylated PKM2 may have protective effects against
diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting renal inflammation.
Alarmierungen der Berliner Notfallrettung zu obdachlosen Frequent
Usern
Authors: Breuer Florian , Pommerenke Christopher , Wollenhaupt Lisa , Poloczek Stefan 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Obdachlose stellen eine besonders vulnerable Gruppe dar. Mit
Obdachlosigkeit gehen viele zusätzliche Risiken einher, die auch Auswirkungen
auf die Gesundheit haben. Viele Obdachlose suchen vermehrt Notaufnahmen auf.
Eine Rolle spielt hier insbesondere die Kombination aus einer
Abhängigkeitserkrankung mit einem psychischen Leiden.
Methodik Die Arbeit untersucht das Vorkommen und die Eigenschaften von
obdachlosen Frequent Usern im Rettungsdienst. Weiterhin wird die räumliche
Verteilung betrachtet. Es wurde ein Zeitraum von einem Jahr anhand der Daten des
Einsatzleitsystems betrachtet und ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse In einem Zeitraum von 12 Monaten wurden 131 obdachlose
Patienten als High Frequent User (7 – 10 Einsätze/Jahr) und Super Frequent User
(≥ 11 Einsätze/Jahr) identifiziert, wobei der Anteil an Super Frequent Usern
überwiegt. Insgesamt wurden durch diese 2021 Einsätze verursacht. Die Patienten
waren im Durchschnitt 45,6 Jahre alt und zu 81% männlichen Geschlechts.
Alarmierungen erfolgten insbesondere zum Stichwort „Intoxikation“ oder zum
„Psychiatrischen Notfall“. Zu Einsätzen kam es wiederholt an bestimmten „Hot
Spots“, es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich Einsätze insbesondere in bestimmten
lebensweltlich orientierten Räumen (LOR) konzentrieren.
Diskussion Einsätze in Zusammenhang mit obdachlosen Frequent Usern sind
zahlenmäßig durchaus relevant. Obwohl es verschiedene aufsuchende Systeme,
insbesondere durch Wohlfahrtsverbände, zur medizinischen Versorgung gibt,
scheinen sie diese Patientengruppe nicht zu erreichen. Eine Anbindung
aufsuchender Sozialarbeit an die Notfallrettung, wie bereits in anderen Ländern
erprobt, könnte insbesondere im Bereich von „Hot Spots“ zu einer Reduktion der
Einsätze beitragen.
Clinical Characteristics and Follow-Up Results of Adrenal Incidentaloma
Authors: Yilmaz Nusret , Avsar Esin , Tazegul Gokhan , Sari Ramazan , Altunbas Hasan , Balci Mustafa Kemal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is recommended that adrenal incidentaloma patients should be monitored for radiological changes, increase in size and new functionality that may occur in the future, even if they are benign and nonfunctional at the initial evaluation. Our aim is to evaluate the key clinical characteristics of adrenal incidentaloma patients focusing on changes during follow-up and associated clinical outcomes. A total of 755 patients (median age: 56 years), with an adrenal incidentaloma > 1 cm and underwent functionality tests, were included in the study. Clinical characteristics, functionality status and follow-up durations were recorded. During the course of follow-up, any changes in size and development of new functionality, and clinical consequences thereof were evaluated. In 71.8% of patients, incidentalomas were non-functional. Most frequent functionality (15.8%, n=119) was subclinical hypercortisolemia (SH) [10.9% (n=82) possible autonomous cortisol secretion (PACS) and 4.9% (n=37) autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS)] of all incidentalomas. Frequencies of Cushing’s syndrome (CS), pheochromacytoma and primary hyperaldosteronism were 4.9% (n=37), 3.8% (n=29) and 3.7% (n=28), respectively. Adrenocortical carcinoma frequency was 1.5% (n=11). Of 755 patients, 43% (n=325) were followed up regularly more than 6 months. Median follow-up duration was 24 months (6–120). A total of 17 (5.2%) patients, which had non-functional incidentalomas at baseline had developed new functionality during follow-up, of which 15 (4.6%) were SH [13 patients (4%) PACS and 2 patients (0.6%) ACS] and 2 (0.6%) were CS. During follow-up, 24% (n=78) of the patients had an increase in mass size between 5–9 mm, while 11.7% (n=38) of the patients had an increase of ≥10 mm. During follow-up, 4% (n=13) of the patients developed a new lesion with a diameter ≥10 mm on the opposite side. In patients with a follow-up duration of more than 2 years, frequencies of size increase and new lesion emerging at the opposite adrenal gland were higher. 14 patients (4.3% of the patients with regular follow-up) underwent surgery due to increase in size or development of new functionality during follow-up. Our study demonstrated that a necessity for surgery may arise due to increase in size and development of functionality during follow-up period in adrenal incidentaloma patients, and thus continuing patient follow-up, even with wider intervals, will be appropriate.
Neurotrauma at AIIMS Raipur: An Overview
Authors: Kumar Anil , Nayak Nitish , Nasre Vaibhav 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAll India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur was established by an act of Parliament in 2003 under PMSSY (Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojna). The Department of Neurosurgery at AIIMS, Raipur, was started on September 4, 2017. In this article, we would like to highlight the resources (manpower, infrastructure) available for neurotrauma, the challenges ahead, and vision for future.
Ritual frames
Authors: Kádár Dániel Z. , House Juliane 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Our study provides a corpus-based contrastive pragmatic investigation of the expressions please in English and
qing 请 in Chinese. We define such expressions as ‘ritual
frame indicating expressions’ (henceforth RFIEs) and argue that RFIEs are deployed in settings where it is important to show
awareness of the rights and obligations. ‘Ritual frame’ encompasses a cluster of standard situations. On the one hand the
corpus-based investigation of ritual provides an innovative complement to sociopragmatic approaches to ritual behaviour because
they reveal how RFIEs that indicate ritual spread across a cluster of standard situations. On the other hand, it allows the
researcher to contrast the scope of ritual across lingua-cultures by comparatively looking into the standard situations in which a
particular RFIE is deployed. Findings of our data analysis point to intriguing differences between English and Chinese RFIEs, as
well as relevant lingua-cultural reasons behind such differences.
Traces of language contact in intonation
Authors: Uth Melanie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article deals with the intonational realization of
contrastive focus in Yucatecan Spanish. Data from three recent elicitation
studies with a total of ten bilingual speakers of Yucatecan Spanish (YS) and
Yucatec Maya (YM) and five monolingual speakers of YS suggest that contrastive
focus in the Yucatecan Spanish variant spoken by the Spanish-dominant and
monolingual speakers is mostly signaled by means of a high pitch early in the
intonation phrase (IP) followed by a fall to the final stressed syllable of a
contrasted word. In this respect, the established YS variety crucially differs
from standard Mexican Spanish (MS), where the stressed syllable of a contrastive
constituent is generally associated with an L+H* pitch accent (cf. de-la-Mota, Martín Butragueño & Prieto.
2010). However, the systematicity described above only shows up in
the data produced by the Spanish-dominant and monolingual YS speakers, whereas
the balanced bilingual data is characterized by much higher idiosyncratic
variation. This fact suggests that the development of intonational systems is
also a matter of consolidation or strengthening of features.
Political vs. linguistic borders
Authors: Congosto Martín Yolanda 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper analyses and studies the melodic behavior of five
female informants of Mexican origin or descent, three of them residents in the
city of Los Angeles in the United States, and two in Mexico, one in Mexico City
and the other in Puebla. There are two main objectives: firstly, to contribute
to the prosodic description of Mexican Spanish on both sides of the political
border between both countries (declarative statements and neutral absolute
interrogatives), and secondly, to verify the continuity between the
Mexican-American intonation of LA and that of MX Mexican. We followed the
methodology developed by the research groups that make up Amper-Mexico and
Amper-California Los Angeles, within the framework of the international AMPER
project.
Pilgrimages to terror: the role of heritage in dark sites.
Authors: Korstanje M. E. , Howie L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This chapter explores the limitations and caveats framed into the specialized literature on tourism and terrorism, focusing particularly on the capacity of terrorism to produce what is termed 'thanatopsis', or contemplations of death, which is the main commodity or experience at dark-related sites. It is argued that the use of dark tourism as heritage may help communities to begin the process of resiliency and healing, but at the same time runs the risk of the same community forgetting the real reasons behind a traumatic event. This, then, opens the door to a moral dilemma, in considering that acts of terrorism eventually become sources of profit for dark tourism destinations.
Dark heritage as a basis for dark tourism development in Slovenia.
Authors: Kužnik L. , Grafenauer B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

This chapter examines how the students of the Higher Vocational College for Hospitality, Wellness and Tourism (Bled, Slovenia) understand the concept of dark tourism, and explores their views relating to possibilities for the development of dark tourism in Slovenia. More particularly, the chapter identifies the elements of dark heritage that the students perceived as having the greatest potential to be integrated into the dark tourism sector.
Visiting post-disaster ruins: a journey to meaningful experiences.
Authors: Zhang YaChen Zhang YaChen , Coghlan A. , Knox K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Given the complex emotive responses to post-disaster tourism sites, this chapter aims to shed light on the multiple dimensions of tourists' experiences within a dark tourism context. Disaster tourism experiences of visitors to the Beichuan Earthquake Memorial in China are considered to test Packer and Ballantyne's Multifaceted Model of visitors' experience, with joyless aspects perhaps being the majority of the experience.
Final report of CCQM-K86.c. Relative quantification of genomic DNA fragments extracted from a biological tissue
Authors: Mester Zoltan , Corbisier Philippe , Ellison Stephen L R , Gao Yunhua , Niu Chunyan , Tang Vincent , Lee Foo-wing , Pérez-Urquiza Melina , Suárez Angel Ramirez , Burns Malcolm , Milavec Mojca , Wiangnon Kanjana , Griffiths Kate R , McLaughlin Jacob L H , Shibayama Sachie , Takatsu Akiko , Akgoz Muslum , Vonsky Maxim , Runov Andrei , Guerrero John Emerson Leguizamon 
Published: January 2020

Key comparison CCQM-K86.c was performed to demonstrate the capacity of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) in the determination of the relative quantity of two specific genomic DNA fragments present in a canola powder. The study provides direct support for the following measurement claim: "Quantification of the ratio of the number of copies of specified intact sequence fragments of a length up to 150 nucleotides following extraction from an unprocessed, high fat/oil ground seed matrix, with a copy number ratio from 0.001 to 1".
The study was carried out under the auspices of the Nucleic Acids Working Group (NAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM) and was jointly coordinated by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and the EU Joint Research Centre, Geel (JRC). The following laboratories (in alphabetical order) submitted measurement results in this key comparison study: Centro Nacional de Metrología, Mexico ("CENAM"); D.I. Mendeleyev Institute of Metrology, Russia ("VNIIM"); EU Joint Research Centre, Geel (JRC); Hong Kong Government Laboratory ("GLHK"); Instituto Nacional de Metrología de Colombia ("INM"); LGC (United Kingdom); National Institute of Biology, Slovenia ("NIB"); National Institute of Metrology, P.R. of China ("NIM China"/"NIMC" [figures]); National Institute of Metrology, Thailand (NIMT); National Measurement Institute, Australia ("NMIA"); National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST, Japan ("NMIJ"); National Metrology Institute of Turkey ("TÜBITAK").

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
NETT: solving inverse problems with deep neural networks
Authors: Li Housen , Schwab Johannes , Antholzer Stephan , Haltmeier Markus 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recovering a function or high-dimensional parameter vector from indirect measurements is a central task in various scientific areas. Several methods for solving such inverse problems are well developed and well understood. Recently, novel algorithms using deep learning and neural networks for inverse problems appeared. While still in their infancy, these techniques show astonishing performance for applications like low-dose CT or various sparse data problems. However, there are few theoretical results for deep learning in inverse problems. In this paper, we establish a complete convergence analysis for the proposed NETT (network Tikhonov) approach to inverse problems. NETT considers nearly data-consistent solutions having small value of a regularizer defined by a trained neural network. We derive well-posedness results and quantitative error estimates, and propose a possible strategy for training the regularizer. Our theoretical results and framework are different from any previous work using neural networks for solving inverse problems. A possible data driven regularizer is proposed. Numerical results are presented for a tomographic sparse data problem, which demonstrate good performance of NETT even for unknowns of different type from the training data. To derive the convergence and convergence rates results we introduce a new framework based on the absolute Bregman distance generalizing the standard Bregman distance from the convex to the non-convex case.
The Monte Carlo simulation of the Borexino detector
Authors: Marcocci S , Agostini M , Altenmüller K , Appel S , Atroshchenko V , Bagdasarian Z , Basilico D , Bellini G , Benziger J , Bick D , Bonfini G , Bravo D , Caccianiga B , Calaprice F , Caminata A , Caprioli S , Carlini M , Cavalcante P , Chepurnov A , Choi K , Collica L , D’Angelo D , Davini S , Derbin A , Ding X F , Ludovico A Di , Noto L Di , Drachnev I , Fomenko K , Formozov A , Franco D , Gabriele F , Galbiati C , Ghiano C , Giammarchi M , Goretti A , Gromov M , Guffanti D , Hagner C , Houdy T , Hungerford E , Ianni Aldo , Ianni Andrea , Jany A , Jeschke D , Kobychev V , Korablev D , Korga G , Kryn D , Laubenstein M , Litvinovich E , Lombardi F , Lombardi P , Ludhova L , Lukyanchenko G , Lukyanchenko L , Machulin I , Manuzio G , Martyn J , Meroni E , Meyer M , Miramonti L , Misiaszek M , Muratova V , Neumair B , Oberauer L , Opitz B , Orekhov V , Ortica F , Pallavicini M , Papp L , Penek Ö , Pilipenko N , Pocar A , Porcelli A , Ranucci G , Razeto A , Re A , Redchuk M , Romani A , Roncin R , Rossi N , Schönert S , Semenov D , Skorokhvatov M , Smirnov O , Sotnikov A , Stokes L F F , Suvorov Y , Tartaglia R , Testera G , Thurn J , Toropova M , Unzhakov E , Vishneva A , Vogelaar R B , Feilitzsch F von , Wang H , Weinz S , Wojcik M , Wurm M , Yokley Z , Zaimidoroga O , Zavatarelli S , Zuber K , Zuzel G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Borexino is a 300 ton sub-MeV liquid scintillator solar neutrino detector which has been running at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy) since 2007. Thanks to its unprecedented radio-purity, it was able to measure the flux of 7Be, 8B, pp, and pep solar neutrinos and to detect geo-neutrinos. A reliable simulation of the detector is an invaluable tool for all Borexino physics analyses. The simulation accounts for the energy loss of particles in all the detector components, the generation of the scintillation photons, their propagation within the liquid scintillator volume, and a detailed simulation of the electronics chain. A novel efficient method for simulating the external background which survives the Borexino passive shield was developed. This technique allows to reliably predict the effect of the contamination in the peripheral construction materials. The techniques developed to simulate the Borexino detector and their level of refinement are of possible interest to the neutrino and dark matter communities, especially for current and future large-volume liquid scintillator experiments.
Demonstrating GWP*: a means of reporting warming-equivalent emissions that captures the contrasting impacts of short- and long-lived climate pollutants
Authors: Lynch John , Cain Michelle , Pierrehumbert Raymond , Allen Myles 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The atmospheric lifetime and radiative impacts of different climate pollutants can both differ markedly, so metrics that equate emissions using a single scaling factor, such as the 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP100), can be misleading. An alternative approach is to report emissions as ‘warming-equivalents’ that result in similar warming impacts without requiring a like-for-like weighting per emission. GWP*, an alternative application of GWPs where the CO2-equivalence of short-lived climate pollutant emissions is predominantly determined by changes in their emission rate, provides a straightforward means of generating warming-equivalent emissions. In this letter we illustrate the contrasting climate impacts resulting from emissions of methane, a short-lived greenhouse gas, and CO2, and compare GWP100 and GWP* CO2-equivalents for a number of simple emissions scenarios. We demonstrate that GWP* provides a useful indication of warming, while conventional application of GWP100 falls short in many scenarios and particularly when methane emissions are stable or declining, with important implications for how we consider ‘zero emission’ or ‘climate neutral’ targets for sectors emitting different compositions of gases. We then illustrate how GWP* can provide an improved means of assessing alternative mitigation strategies. GWP* allows warming-equivalent emissions to be calculated directly from CO2-equivalent emissions reported using GWP100, consistent with the Paris Rulebook agreed by the UNFCCC, on condition that short-lived and cumulative climate pollutants are aggregated separately, which is essential for transparency. It provides a direct link between emissions and anticipated warming impacts, supporting stocktakes of progress towards a long-term temperature goal and compatible with cumulative emissions budgets.