bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated digital microfluidic bioreactor for fully automatic screening of microalgal growth and stress‐induced lipid accumulation
Authors: Wang Yunhua , Zhao Hongyu , Liu Xianming , Lin Wang , Jiang Youwei , Li Jianfeng , Zhang Qian , Zheng Guoxia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlgae are the promising feedstock of biofuel. The screening of competent species and proper fertilizer supply is of the most important tasks. To accelerate this rather slow and laborious step, we developed an integrated high‐throughput digital microfluidic (DMF) system that uses a discrete droplet to serve as a microbioreactor, encapsulating microalgal cells. On the basis of fundamental understanding of various droplet hydrodynamics induced by the existence of different sorts of ions and biological species, incorporation of capacitance‐based position estimator, electrode‐saving‐based compensation, and deterministic splitting approach, was performed to optimize the DMF bioreactor. Thus, it enables all processes (e.g., nutrient gradient generation, algae culturing, and analyzing of growth and lipid accumulation) occurring automatically on‐chip especially in a high‐fidelity way. The ability of the system to compare different microalgal strains on‐chip was investigated. Also, the Chlorella sp. were stressed by various conditions and then growth and oil accumulation were analyzed and compared, which demonstrated its potential as a powerful tool to investigate microalgal lipid accumulation at significantly lower laborites and reduced time.
Randomized clinical trial of negative pressure wound therapy as an adjunctive treatment for small-area thermal burns in children
Authors: Frear C C , Cuttle L , McPhail S M , Chatfield M D , Kimble R M , Griffin B R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in the acute management of burns remains unclear. The purpose of this trial was to compare standard Acticoat™ and Mepitel™ dressings with combined Acticoat™, Mepitel™ and continuous NPWT to determine the effect of adjunctive NPWT on re-epithelialization in paediatric burns.

Methods
This two-arm, single-centre RCT recruited children with acute thermal burns covering less than 5 per cent of their total body surface area. The primary outcome was time to re-epithelialization. Blinded assessments were performed using photographs captured every 3–5 days until discharge. Secondary measures included pain, itch, grafting, perfusion and scar management referrals.

Results
Some 114 patients were randomized. Median time to re-epithelialization was 8 (i.q.r. 7–11) days in the NPWT group and 10 (8–14) days in the control group. In a multivariable model, NPWT decreased the expected time to wound closure by 22 (95 per cent c.i. 7 to 34) per cent (P = 0·005). The risk of referral to scar management was reduced by 60 (18 to 81) per cent (P = 0·013). Four participants in the control group and one in the NPWT group underwent grafting. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in pain, itch or laser Doppler measures of perfusion. Adverse events were rare and minor, although NPWT carried a moderate treatment burden, with ten patients discontinuing early.

Conclusion
Adjunctive NPWT hastened re-epithelialization in small-area burn injuries in children, but had a greater treatment burden than standard dressings alone. Registration number: ACTRN12618000256279 (http://ANZCTR.org.au).
Remodeling of brain morphology in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Roggenhofer Elisabeth , Muller Sandrine , Santarnecchi Emiliano , Melie‐Garcia Lester , Wiest Roland , Kherif Ferath , Draganski Bogdan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMesial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most widespread neurological network disorders. Computational anatomy MRI studies demonstrate a robust pattern of cortical volume loss. Most statistical analyses provide information about localization of significant focal differences in a segregationist way. Multivariate Bayesian modeling provides a framework allowing inferences about inter‐regional dependencies. We adopt this approach to answer following questions: Which structures within a pattern of dynamic epilepsy‐associated brain anatomy reorganization best predict TLE pathology. Do these structures differ between TLE subtypes?MethodsWe acquire clinical and MRI data from TLE patients with and without hippocampus sclerosis (n = 128) additional to healthy volunteers (n = 120). MRI data were analyzed in the computational anatomy framework of SPM12 using classical mass‐univariate analysis followed by multivariate Bayesian modeling.ResultsAfter obtaining TLE‐associated brain anatomy pattern, we estimate predictive power for disease and TLE subtypes using Bayesian model selection and comparison. We show that ipsilateral para‐/hippocampal regions contribute most to disease‐related differences between TLE and healthy controls independent of TLE laterality and subtype. Prefrontal cortical changes are more discriminative for left‐sided TLE, whereas thalamus and temporal pole for right‐sided TLE. The presence of hippocampus sclerosis was linked to stronger involvement of thalamus and temporal lobe regions; frontoparietal involvement was predominant in absence of sclerosis.ConclusionsOur topology inferences on brain anatomy demonstrate a differential contribution of structures within limbic and extralimbic circuits linked to main effects of TLE and hippocampal sclerosis. We interpret our results as evidence for TLE‐related spatial modulation of anatomical networks.
Introducing a robotic hand to support lecture‐based courses on mechatronics systems design at the undergraduate level
Authors: Garcia Ivan , Guzmán‐Ramírez Enrique , Arias‐Montiel Manuel , Lugo‐González Esther 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe education of young mechatronics engineers is crucial for the development of powerful and sophisticated products in a modern marketplace where the best technology is having the greatest economic impact. Therefore, this paper aims to design and introduce a robotic hand to facilitate and accelerate the teaching/learning process when designing mechatronics systems in different undergraduate lecture‐based courses and, consequently, gain more practical experience under a “hands‐on” experience. The results from an evaluation carried out at a Mexican university present the design and implementation of a movement control system for recognition of hand gestures. Quantitative and qualitative data are also provided to demonstrate that students experienced high‐positive perceptions during the evaluation.
Increasing the Complexity in the MIL‐53 Structure: The Combination of the Mixed‐Metal and the Mixed‐Linker Concepts
Authors: Bitzer Johannes , Teubnerová Milada , Kleist Wolfgang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe isoreticular mixed‐component concept is a promising approach to tailor the material properties of metal–organic frameworks. While isoreticular mixed‐metal or mixed‐linker materials are commonly synthesized, the combination of both concepts for the development of isoreticular materials featuring both two metals and two linkers is still rarely investigated. Herein, we present the development of mixed‐metal/mixed‐linker MIL‐53 materials that contain different metal combinations (Al/Sc, Al/V, Al/Cr, Al/Fe) and different linker ratios (terephthalate/2‐aminoterephthalate). The possibility of changing the metal combination and the linker ratio independently from each other enables a large variety of modifications. A thorough characterization (PXRD, ATR‐IR, TGA, 1H NMR, ICP‐OES) confirmed that all components were incorporated into the framework structure with a statistical distribution. Nitrogen physisorption measurements showed that the breathing behavior can be tailored by adjusting the linker ratio for all metal combinations. All materials were successfully used for post‐synthetic modification reactions with maleic anhydride.
Die Fraunhofer‐Gesellschaft
Authors: Evers Jürgen , Herzog Christiane , Möckl Leonhard 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Fraunhofer‐Gesellschaft (FhG) wurde auf Initiative des Staatssekretärs Hugo Geiger vom Bayerischen Wirtschaftsministerium am 26.März 1949 gegründet. Ungewöhnlich für die damalige Zeit war die Verbindung von Wissenschaft mit der Wirtschaft zu angewandter Forschung. Dieses spiegelte sich in der Wahl des Namenspatrons der Gesellschaft, Joseph von Fraunhofer, wider, der es in München vom einfachen Glasergesellen bis zum Physik‐Professor gebracht hatte. Gleichzeitig war Fraunhofer ein weitsichtiger Unternehmer, der seine wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse schnell in innovative Produkte überführte, die zum Verkauf geeignet waren. Die neu gegründete FhG musste sich als dritte Säule der deutschen Forschungslandschaft neben der Max‐Planck‐Gesellschaft (MPG) und der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Anerkennung verschaffen. Sowohl seitens der MPG wie auch der DFG wurde der Aufstieg der FhG anfangs erschwert. Doch als die Grundfinanzierung der FhG durch das Bundesforschungsministerium übernommen wurde, begann ein steiler Aufstieg zur heutigen internationalen Bedeutung.
Sulfonamide Inhibitors of β‐Catenin Signaling as Anticancer Agents with Different Output on c‐MYC
Authors: Di Magno Laura , Di Pastena Fiorella , Puxeddu Michela , La Regina Giuseppe , Coluccia Antonio , Ciogli Alessia , Manetto Simone , Maroder Marella , Canettieri Gianluca , Silvestri Romano , Nalli Marianna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is often found deregulated in cancer. The aberrant accumulation of β‐catenin in the cell nucleus results in the development of various malignancies. Specific drugs against this signaling pathway for clinical treatments have not been approved yet. Herein we report inhibitors of β‐catenin signaling of potential therapeutic value as anticancer agents. Ethyl 4‐((4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)sulfonamido)benzoate (compound 14) inhibits the effect on Wnt reporter with an IC50 value of 7.0 μM, significantly reduces c‐MYC levels, inhibits HCT116 colon cancer cell growth (IC50 20.2 μM), does not violate Lipinski and Veber rules, and shows predicted Caco‐2 and MDCK cell permeability Papp>500 nm s−1. Compound 14 seems to have potential for the development of new anticancer therapies.
Dictionary lookup with one genome evolution operation
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Yi , Sun Yuming 
Published: September 2020

SummaryGiven an m‐length query string q, approximate dictionary lookup searches for strings in a string dictionary D at a distance of 1 to q under some distances. In biological retrieval systems, the distances in such queries are defined by evolution operations on genomes. We consider the approximate dictionary lookup with one genome evolution operation including reversal and transposition, which searches for strings in D that can be generated from q by one reversal or one transposition. When the length of the reversed substring is confined to a constant α>1, we propose an O(m)‐time approach which uses bits space, where the dictionary D has d strings with totally |D| symbols. If the lengths of the reversals are in a range [α,β], the time for query is , and the space is words for any constant ε, in which occ is the number of matched strings. For problems allowing one transposition, when the length of the transposition is fixed to α, the time for a dictionary lookup is , while using words. In the case that the two swapped substrings are of the same length, the time for answering the query is O(m), while the space is bits.
Sustainable Chemistry – An Interdisciplinary Matrix Approach
Authors: Richter Michael , Vieira Luciana , Sieber Volker 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWithin the framework of green chemistry, the continuous development of new and advanced tools for sustainable synthesis is essential. For this, multi‐facetted underlying demands pose inherent challenges to individual chemical disciplines. As a solution, both interdisciplinary technology screening and research can enhance the possibility for groundbreaking innovation. To illustrate the stages from discovery to the implementing of combined technologies, a SusChem matrix model is proposed inspired by natural product biosynthesis. The model describes a multi‐dimensional and dynamic exploratory space where necessary interaction is exclusively provided and guided by sustainable themes.
Comparison of neurotransmitter levels, physiological conditions, and emotional behavior between isolation‐housed rats with group‐housed rats
Authors: Kaneda Yuta , Kawata Akira , Suzuki Kota , Matsunaga Daisuke , Yasumatsu Mikinobu , Ishiwata Takayuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBrain monoaminergic neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA), serotonin (5‐HT), and noradrenaline (NA), play crucial roles in neuronal and physiological functions, including social behaviors. Isolation housing may induce behavioral and neurochemical abnormalities in rats, although its influence on neurotransmitter levels remains obscure. This study investigated the influence of isolation‐ or group‐housing on core body temperature (Tcore), locomotor activity (ACT), emotional behavior, and neurotransmitter levels in male Wistar rats. Behavioral changes were monitored using the open field test (OFT) and social interaction test (SIT). After 4 weeks, brain tissues were collected to quantify 5‐HT, DA, and NA concentrations. Body weight and basal Tcore during both the light and dark phase were higher in isolation‐housed than in group‐housed rats, although no significant difference was seen in ACT. No significant differences were observed during the OFT. Isolation‐housed rats showed increased line crossing and decreased social behavior during the SIT. Isolation‐housed rats exhibited decreased levels of 5‐HT in the caudate putamen and amygdala, and elevated and decreased NA levels in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and hippocampus, respectively. However, DA levels were unaffected. Thus, housing environments may affect brain areas that regulate various neuronal and physiological functions, such as memory, stress responses, and emotional behavior.
Characterization of flow interactions in an axial fan stage
Authors: Ghenaiet Adel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to characterize the steady and unsteady flows of a high‐speed axial fan stage and assess its aerodynamic performance parameters. The flow unsteadiness is related to the stator‐rotor interaction originated mainly by two mechanisms: the first is attributed to the potential effect and the second to the wake‐blade interaction and the mixing through the blades' passages. Such effects are dependent on the circumferential positions of blades and inter‐distance between stator and rotor, which could be alleviated by understanding these flow interactions. The pressure waves' main diametrical modes (two blades interacting with two vanes) and their sequences are predicted analytically. FFT analysis of the computed static pressure fluctuations at different monitor points allowed identifying the prevailing modes of interaction and their frequencies and sequence. The assessment of inter‐distance is an important step toward identifying the detrimental effects of axial interdistance on the aerodynamic performance. The closer the blade‐rows of this fan stage can be spaced, the more compact the cooling system of an automotive could be designed.
Juice fromFructus Rosae Roxburghiinormalizes blood lipids in mice with diet‐induced hyperlipidemia*†
Authors: Song Pingping , Shen Xiangchun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFructus Rosae Roxburghii(FRR) as a dietary supplement is considered to possess anti‐atherosclerosis (AS), and hyperlipidemia (HLP) is material basis for AS formation, so the effects and molecular mechanism of FRR on diet‐induced hyperlipidemic mice were explored. In Diet IV2 group, hepatic steatosis was significantly relieved; meanwhile, TC, TG, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, and ASI in serum were regulated to control level. Thirty‐seven DCEG in Diet I, Diet II, and Diet IV2 groups were obtained by RNA‐seq analysis. Relative mRNA levels were further determined by qRT‐PCR, of which 28 genes were matched with those detected by RNA‐seq. Ten DCEP were verified by targeted quantitative proteomic analysis, but expressive patterns of only six proteins were correlated with qRT‐PCR data. These DCEG and DCEP played important roles in regulating the biosynthesis of BAs and steroids, fatty acid metabolism, and LPO production. They might cooperatively regulate the function of HDL or RCT by PPAR signaling pathway under the FRR action. As we know, it is the first time the potential anti‐atherosclerotic mechanism of FRR regulating the blood lipids was explored.
Social factors that predict cognitive decline in older African American adults
Authors: Pugh Erika , De Vito Alyssa , Divers Ross , Robinson Anthony , Weitzner Daniel S. , Calamia Matthew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesProjections from the United States Census Bureau suggest that the African American population may be the fastest growing race over the next 30 years and that they may be at the highest risk for developing dementia later in life. Various social factors have been shown to be associated with cognitive function and health outcomes. The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between social engagement and cognitive decline in a cohort of older African American adults.MethodsWe utilized multilevel modeling to examine the association between cognitive decline and social engagement in a sample of 617 older African American adults.ResultsSocial activity was associated with global cognition, perceptual speed, perceptual orientation, and episodic memory over time. Loneliness was associated with better semantic memory performance over time. Perceived discrimination was associated with better semantic memory performance over time. Larger social network was associated with worse perceptual speed scores over time.ConclusionsAlthough our findings on loneliness and perceived discrimination over time were inconsistent with prior research, our findings on social activity and social network size over time were consistent with past literature and are thought to be due to positive social interactions providing a catalyst for cognitively stimulating activities. These results suggest that interventions designed to preserve cognition in African American older adults should incorporate adequate social activity. Furthermore, to maximize effectiveness, interventions should not necessarily focus on just expanding one's social network.
Recent advances in chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell therapy for overcoming intractable hematological malignancies
Authors: Tanaka Junji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells have a potent cytotoxic activity against leukemia and lymphoma without recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Chimeric antigen receptor‐engineered NK cells (CAR‐NK cells) can be produced from the NK92 cell line, peripheral blood, cord blood, and induced pluripotent stem cells for immunotherapy of malignant tumor cells. Recently, the safety and efficacy of HLA‐mismatched allogeneic cord blood‐derived CD19 CAR‐NK cell therapy for CD19‐positive hematological malignancies have been reported. However, the durability of clinical effects has not been clarified. The characteristics of CAR‐NK cells with a strong antileukemia/lymphoma effect and better proliferative capacity without severe adverse effects may be promising for overcoming intractable hematological malignancies as an off‐the‐shelf allogeneic cellular therapy.
River management response to multi‐decade changes in timing of reservoir inflows, Columbia River Basin, USA
Authors: Jones Julia A. , Hammond John C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAround the world, long‐term changes in the timing and magnitude of streamflow are testing the ability of large managed water resource systems constructed in the 20th century to continue to meet objectives in the 21st century. Streamflow records for unregulated rivers upstream of reservoirs can be combined with records downstream of reservoirs using a paired‐watershed framework and concepts of water resource system performance to assess how reservoir management has responded to long‐term change. Using publicly available data, this study quantified how the intra‐annual timing of inflows and outflows of 25 major reservoirs has shifted, how management has responded, and how this has influenced reliability and vulnerability of the water resource system in the 668,000 km2 Columbia River basin from 1950 to 2012. Reservoir inflows increased slightly in early spring and declined in late spring to early fall, but reservoir outflows increased in late summer from 1950 to 2012. Average inflows to reservoirs in the low flow period exceeded outflows in the1950s, but inflows are now less than outflows. Reservoirs have increased hedging, that is, they have stored more water during the spring, in order to meet the widening gap between inflows and outflows during the summer low flow period. For a given level of reliability (the fraction of time flow targets were met), vulnerability (the maximum departure from the flow target) was greater during periods with lower than average inflows. Thus, the water management system in this large river basin has adjusted to multi‐decade trends of declining inflows, but vulnerability, that is, the potential for excess releases in spring and shortfalls in summer, has increased. This study demonstrates the value of combining publicly available historical data on streamflow with concepts from paired‐watershed analyses and metrics of water resource performance to detect, evaluate, and manage water resource systems in large river basins.
Credit information and financial development
Authors: de Moraes Claudio O. , Duarte Gustavo F.S. , Nascimento Renan F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article evaluates the possible effects of the presence and coverage of credit bureaus over financial development. In order to achieve this objective, this study uses International Monetary Fund aside from World Bank database and standards, more specifically financial development and credit bureau coverage variables. Results indicate a positive impact of credit bureaus over financial development. The potential channel associated with this effect might be related to the information produced by credit bureaus, which implies a reduction in asymmetric information in credit markets, thus, leading to a lower level of risk associated with borrowers and, consequently, reducing the risks faced by banks. With lower levels of uncertainty and risk, banks tend to lend more, improving financial development, which could suggest the adoption of a policy to create or stimulate credit bureaus coverage.
Effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma and disinfecting agents on Candida albicans in root canals of extracted human teeth
Authors: Kerlikowski Anne , Matthes Rutger , Pink Christiane , Steffen Heike , Schlüter Rabea , Holtfreter Birte , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter , von Woedtke Thomas , Kocher Thomas , Jablonowski Lukasz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReinfection in endodontically treated teeth is linked to the complexity of the root canal system, which is problematic to reach with conventional disinfection methods. As plasma is expected to have the ability to sanitize narrow areas, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) on Candida albicans in root canals of extracted human teeth. CAP was applied as mono treatment and in combination with standard endodontic disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine and octenidine). Disinfection efficiency was evaluated as reduction of the logarithm of colony forming units per milliliter (log10 CFU/mL) supported by scanning electron microscopy as imaging technique. Plasma alone showed the highest reduction of log10 CFU, suggesting the best disinfection properties of all tested agents.