bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on the genetic and epigenetic etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus: a review
Authors: Yahaya Tajudeen O. , Salisu Titilola , Abdulrahman Yusuf B. , Umar Abdulrazak K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Many studies have been conducted on the genetic and epigenetic etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the last two decades because of the disease’s increasing prevalence and role in global diabetes mellitus (DM) explosion. An update on the genetic and epigenetic etiology of GDM then becomes imperative to better understand and stem the rising incidence of the disease. This review, therefore, articulated GDM candidate genes and their pathophysiology for the awareness of stakeholders.

Main body (genetic and epigenetic etiology, GDM)
The search discovered 83 GDM candidate genes, of which TCF7L2, MTNR1B, CDKAL1, IRS1, and KCNQ1 are the most prevalent. Certain polymorphisms of these genes can modulate beta-cell dysfunction, adiposity, obesity, and insulin resistance through several mechanisms. Environmental triggers such as diets, pollutants, and microbes may also cause epigenetic changes in these genes, resulting in a loss of insulin-boosting and glucose metabolism functions. Early detection and adequate management may resolve the condition after delivery; otherwise, it will progress to maternal type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and fetal configuration to future obesity and DM. This shows that GDM is a strong risk factor for T2DM and, in rare cases, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). This further shows that GDM significantly contributes to the rising incidence and burden of DM worldwide and its prevention may reverse the trend.

Conclusion
Mutations and epigenetic changes in certain genes are strong risk factors for GDM. For affected individuals with such etiologies, medical practitioners should formulate drugs and treatment procedures that target these genes and their pathophysiology.
Risk-based cost-benefit analysis of climate adaptation measures for Australian contemporary houses under extreme winds
Authors: Qin Hao , Stewart Mark G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate adaptation measures improve housing resilience to extreme winds, and reduce economic losses associated with wind and rainfall damage under a changing climate. Several adaptation measures are adopted in this study for Australian contemporary houses subjected to non-cyclonic windstorms to either reinforce the building envelope or increase the water resistance of building interior. A risk-based cost-benefit analysis is conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these adaptation measures that considers the effect of construction defects. It was found that the annual expected losses for houses in Brisbane with construction defects are considerably higher than those without considering construction defects, whereas the influence of construction defects is lower for the Melbourne houses. The cost-benefit analysis reveals that strengthening windows is cost-effective for Brisbane and Melbourne houses. Installing window shutters significantly reduces economic risks associated with extreme winds and is cost-effective for houses in Brisbane. Adaptation measures are generally not cost-effective for Melbourne houses due to lower extreme wind speed and associated rainfall.
Drug pollution and pharmacotherapy in psychiatry: A “platypus” in the room
Authors: Lertxundi Unax , Hernández Rafael , Medrano Juan , Orive Gorka 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Preoccupation about potential deleterious effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment is growing fast. Psychiatric pharmaceuticals have received particular attention because of their increasing use and their potential impacts on many living beings due to their effects on phylogenetically highly conserved neuroendocrine systems. Recent studies that have shown that many pharmaceuticals (including psychotropics) bioaccumulate through the web food have raised this concern into new heights. As professionals working in the field of psychiatry and academia, we believe we are about to enter a new era with regard to pharmacotherapy. We estimate drug pollution will have a major impact on our daily practice in a way we are just starting to imagine. So far, this problem has largely been ignored by healthcare professionals, who are the ones prescribing and dispensing pharmaceuticals. We are convinced that increasing awareness among these professionals will be a key element to effectively fight against drug pollution.
Addressing Cancer Treatment Shortages in Saudi Arabia: Results of a National Survey and Expert Panel Recommendations
Authors: AlAzmi Aeshah A. , Jastaniah Wasil , Alhamdan Hani S. , AlYamani Arwa O. , AlKhudhyr Waleed I. , Abdullah Shaker M. , AlZahrani Mohammed , AlSahafi Ashraf , AlOhali Tawfiq A. , Alkhelawi Trad , AlObaida Yasser , Allam Ayman , Al-Hashmi Hani , Murshid Essam , AlNajjar Fouad , AlGethami Ashwag , AlHarbi Atika , AlFoheidi Meteb O. , AlSaeed Ahmad S. , Elsolh Hassan , Abosoudah Ibraheem , Ben Obaid Abdulaziz , AlNahedh Mohammed 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSECancer treatment shortages are complex and a persistent problem worldwide. Patients with cancer are most vulnerable to drug shortages, which provides opportunities to examine the extent of the challenge(s) facing Saudi Arabia and to provide recommendations toward mitigating the impact of cancer treatment shortages on patient outcomes.MATERIALS AND METHODSA qualitative methodologic approach was conducted in April 2019 using a validated questionnaire and structured panel discussion for data generation.RESULTSOverall, 55 responses were received from practicing oncology health care professionals (26 pharmacists and 29 physicians). The annual average number of treated patients with cancer per institution was 640 (adults [n = 400] and pediatric [n = 240]). All respondents (100%) reported that cancer treatment shortages constitute a current problem in their center, with an average of 5 (range, 1-9) per month. The panelists recognized 2 fundamental points. First, the definition of cancer drug shortages should be standardized and recognized at the national level. Second, the current system must be improved to ensure proper and efficient use of the current resources. On that basis, the panelists developed 9 recommendations for action.CONCLUSIONCancer drug shortage is a significant problem in all health centers in Saudi Arabia. This study presents challenges that should be addressed at the national level and essential consensus recommendations for a coordinated action developed by a panel of experts to tackle the current national problem of cancer treatment shortages. Implementing these recommendations will provide a blueprint for management of national drug shortages in general and cancer treatment shortages in particular.
Novel Insights into Pituitary Tumorigenesis: Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms
Authors: Srirangam Nadhamuni Vinaya , Korbonits Márta 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSubstantial advances have been made recently in the pathobiology of pituitary tumors. Similar to many other endocrine tumors, over the last few years we have recognized the role of germline and somatic mutations in a number of syndromic or nonsyndromic conditions with pituitary tumor predisposition. These include the identification of novel germline variants in patients with familial or simplex pituitary tumors and establishment of novel somatic variants identified through next generation sequencing. Advanced techniques have allowed the exploration of epigenetic mechanisms mediated through DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs, such as microRNA, long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs. These mechanisms can influence tumor formation, growth, and invasion. While genetic and epigenetic mechanisms often disrupt similar pathways, such as cell cycle regulation, in pituitary tumors there is little overlap between genes altered by germline, somatic, and epigenetic mechanisms. The interplay between these complex mechanisms driving tumorigenesis are best studied in the emerging multiomics studies. Here, we summarize insights from the recent developments in the regulation of pituitary tumorigenesis.
Monitoring Kepatuhan Peraturan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di Lingkungan Sekolah Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Trisnowati Heni , Marlinawati Utari 
Published: March 2020

Background: Smoke-Free School (SFS) policy have been implemented since 2015. These regulations include elementary schools, junior high schools, senior high schools and vocational high schools both private and public. SFS policy aims to create a clean, healthy and smoke-free school environment. Beside, SFS policy is the only effective way to protect the community (school residents) from the dangers of smoke, but the regulation has not been fully implemented by schools in the city of Yogyakarta. This study aims to describe the compliance of SFSP in schools throughout the city of Yogyakarta and the challenges of implementing these regulations. Method: This study used a quantitative method with cross-sectional survey design and observation. The population in this study were all schools in the city of Yogyakarta including elementary, middle and high school or vocational schools. Total samples were 162 schools. The sampling technique used the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling method. Data was collected through one survey and analyzed descriptively using a computer system. Results: input indicators of SFS policy: 89.5% of schools in the Yogyakarta city already have a written policy; 88.3% of schools already have promotional media about smoking bans, 66% of schools already have personnel who monitor SFS policy; Process indicators of SFS policy: 88.9% had already received SFP socialization directly. Output indicator of SFP: there are 146 (90.1%) smoke-free schools in Yogyakarta. Barriers to the implementation of SFS policy include smoking behaviour of school residents, lack of ability to conduct assertiveness, environment and school policies have not to support SFS. Conclusion: The level of school compliance with SFS in the city of Yogyakarta is high. Socialization of SFS needs to be carried out continuously, especially for pickers (parents) and giving a strict sanction for those who violate SFS policy.
How ward rules and limit setting contribute towards restrictive practices and presentations of challenging behaviour in patients on mental health wards
Authors: Doyle Anna , Clark Louise L 
Published: March 2020

Background/Aims Admission to mental health facilities is often confusing and distressing for patients. Ward rules can help to set out expectations and boundaries but can become restrictive practice when they unnecessarily limit patients. The aim of this study is to understand how ward rules and limit setting can impact on restrictive practice and subsequent challenging behaviour in patients. Methods Three electronic databases were searched (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO) using a systematic approach. Seven articles were identified using inclusion/exclusion criteria and findings were synthesised using thematic analysis. Results Six themes were generated finding that ward rules and limit setting could contribute towards challenging behaviour. Passive acceptance could also occur with negative patient outcomes. Conclusions Negative outcomes occurred when patients did not understand or agree with the rule rationale. It also occurred when patients felt a nurse was being emotionally distant or when rule enforcement was one of the only forms of contact.
Early identification of dehydration with orthostatic blood pressure monitoring in high-output ileostomy patients
Authors: Edwards Dani Marie , Sell Laura Ruth 
Published: March 2020

Background: High readmission rates among ileostomy patients are often the result of dehydration, but this can be prevented with prompt intervention. Aim: This study aimed to determine whether a combination of close follow up and obtaining orthostatic blood pressure would lower 30-day readmission rates in ileostomy patients. Method: Colorectal patients with newly formed ileostomies were enrolled in a surgical transitional care programme. Those with high-output ileostomies were offered education on taking their orthostatic blood pressure at home, and registered nurses completed follow up via telephone. Findings: From December 2017 to April 2019, 171 ileostomy patients were enrolled in a surgical transitional care programme. Of these, 27 patients were provided with orthostatic blood pressure instruction. Readmission rates for the orthostatic blood pressure group were 7.4%, compared with 15.3% in all other ileostomy patients enrolled in surgical transitional care. Conclusion: Orthostatic blood pressure monitoring in high-output ileostomy patients may help to reduce 30-day readmissions.
Knowledge and competencies regarding artificial nutrition among ward nurses and doctors: results of a pilot questionnaire
Authors: Rogers Naomi 
Published: March 2020

Background: Ward staff often lack basic nutritional knowledge in the care of artificially fed patients. Clinical guidelines and training aim to improve nutritional perceptions and maintain patient safety. Aim: To evaluate the level of nutritional knowledge and competencies among ward staff and improve the standard of teaching available to healthcare professionals. Method: A staff questionnaire was piloted to measure content validity and evaluate study objectives. Nine questions were thought to be essential standards in the care and management of both enteral and parenteral patients. Four multiple-choice and five open-ended questions were used. Results: A 100% response rate was achieved from nine nurses and one doctor. They had been qualified for an average of 3.3 years (range 1–6, median 2), and their nutritional knowledge was defined as acceptable. Conclusion: Guidelines and recommendations were not being implemented, and nutritional care of patients was a low priority. Health professionals need to be more aware of the role of the nutrition support team to prevent role ambiguity.
Realization of an all-optical comparator using beam interference inside photonic crystal waveguides
Authors: Jile HuGe 
Published: March 2020

Using optical beam interference inside photonic-crystal-based waveguides is a promising method for designing and realizing all-optical logic gates and other digital devices. In this paper we design and propose an all-optical 1-bit comparator using optical beam interference. In the proposed structure, the logic states of input ports are determined based on their initial phases. The 180 deg and 0 deg phases are used as logic 0 and 1. However, the logic states of the output ports are determined based on the amplitude of the optical signal at the output ports. For the proposed structure, the maximum rise and fall times are about 0.6 ps and 0.3 ps, respectively.
Asymmetric light transmission based on a 1D triangular metal grating
Authors: Lin Yu 
Published: March 2020

Here, we present a 1D isosceles triangle silver grating on the dielectric substrate. The grating performs asymmetric light transmission (ALT) characteristics for the light with both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarization states over a waveband in the vicinity of 1.55 µm. By checking the efficiency of each diffraction order and the distribution of the electromagnetic field, we found that the ALT characteristics originate from the high transmitted or reflected diffraction channels excited by forward and backward direction incidence. The grating shows the ALT characteristics in a waveband where incident wavelengths are less and more than the period, so that the grating may be a candidate for the wideband ALT devices. It is worth stressing that the contrast ratio (CR) at a specific wavelength can exceed more than 29 dB (the incident angle is 5.6897°; the incident wavelength is 1.7759 µm) under oblique incidence.
3.5  W long-wave infrared ZnGeP2 optical parametric oscillator at 9.8  µm
Authors: Liu Gao-You , Chen Yi , Yao Bao-Quan , Wang Rui-xue , Yang Ke , Yang Chao , Mi Shu-yi , Dai Tong-Yu , Duan Xiao-Ming 
Published: March 2020

We demonstrated a high-power long-wave infrared optical parametric oscillator at 9.8 µm based on a type-I phase-matching

Z
n
G
e
P

2

crystal. By using a

Q

-switched 2091 nm Ho:YAG laser with pulse repetition frequency of 10 kHz as the pump source, the maximum average output power of 3.51 W at 9.8 µm was achieved with incident pump power of 90 W, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 4.81% and conversion efficiency at maximum pump power of 3.9%. The pulse width of 19.6 ns and linewidth of 142 nm were obtained at maximum output level. In addition, the beam quality factor

M
2

was measured to be

∼

2.2

.
EFFECT OF AGE AND GENDER ON ARTICULATION OF VOICED AND VOICELESS STOP CONSONANTS IN CZECH
Authors: Kaňok Martin , Novotný Michal 
Published: March 2020

<p class="BodyTextNext"><em>Evaluation of precision of consonant articulation is commonly used metric in assessment of pathological speech. </em><em>However, up to date most of the research on consonant characteristics was performed on English while there are obvious language-specific differences. The aim of the current study was therefore to investigate the patterns of consonant articulation in Czech across 6 stop consonants with respect to age and gender. The database used consisted of 30 female and 30 male healthy participants. Four acoustic variables including voice onset time (VOT), VOT ratio and two spectral moments were analyzed. The Czech plosives /p/, /t/ and /k/ were found to be characterized by short voicing lag (average VOT ranged from 14 to 32 ms) while voiced plosives /b/, /d/ and /g/ by long voicing lead (average VOT ranged from -79 to -91 ms). </em><em>Furthermore, we observed significantly longer duration of both VOT </em><em>(p &lt; 0.05) </em><em>and VOT ratio </em><em>(p &lt; 0.01) </em><em>of voiceless plosives in female compared to male gender. Finally, we revealed a significant negative correlation between age and duration of voiceless </em><em>(</em><em>r = -0.36, p </em><em>&lt; 0.05) </em><em>as well as voiced VOT </em><em>(</em><em>r = -0.45, p =</em><em> 0.01) </em><em>in female but not in male participants.</em></p>
The current status of the problem with systemic lupus erythematosus in Kazakhstan
Authors: Isayeva B. G. , Saparbayeva M. M. , Isayeva S. M. , Kulshymanova M. M. , Kaiyrgali Sh. M. , Bizhanova M. P. , Nurgaliyev K. Zh. , Kosherbayeva L. , Kulymbetova B. A. , Rysbekova K. K. , Solovyev S. K. , Aseeva E. A. 
Published: March 2020

Objective: to analyze the provision of medical, including rheumatology, care in Kazakhstan, to study the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to develop a registry of patients with this condition.Material and methods. The investigators analyzed the guidelines for the organization of medical, including rheumatology, care in the republic and the official statistical materials of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period 2012 to 2017. Articles were searched to select activity indices, organ damages and to assess the quality of life and treatment programs in order to create a registry of patients with SLE.Results and discussion. The paper presents the basic principles of providing medical, including rheumatology, care in the republic. It gives data on the issues of providing SLE patients with medicines in outpatient and inpatient settings. It also analyzes trends in the incidence of SLE in the population of Kazakhstan in 2012 to 2017. There were 4,448 SLE patients, including 3,986 women; a comparative analysis of indicators demonstrated a 62.8% increase in the incidence of SLE from 2012 to 2017. The purpose and objectives of the registry of patients with SLE were substantiated.Conclusion. An analysis of morbidity rates suggests that SLE remains to be significant in the republic. The incidence of SLE has been noted to increase in the period from 2012 to 2017; there is a female preponderance (89.6%). The application of the SLE registry in clinical practice will be able to improve the diagnosis of the disease in the early stage and to prevent possible complications.
A case of isolated IgG4-related lung disease in a teenager
Authors: Sokol E. V. , Vasilyev V. I. , Kokosadze N. V. 
Published: March 2020

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disease that is characterized by the occurrence of nodules in one or more organs and proceeds in most patients with the elevated levels of IgG4 in serum and/or in the tissues of the affected organs. The majority of patients are elderly men, and the disease in most cases has a slowly progressing systemic course. The cases of isolated IgG4-related injury to the viscera, which are much less common than the systemic type of the disease, are a very difficult differential diagnosis, and biopsy of these organs is associated with technical difficulties and poses a threat to the patient's health. The paper describes just such a case. It is interesting from several points of view: firstly, a rare site (solitary pulmonary nodular lesion); secondly, clinical and laboratory features (childhood onset, no immunological abnormalities – both higher serum IgG4 levels and lower complement components).Clinicians should remember that IgG4-RD does not always have a systemic course and characteristic serological markers. In these cases, histological verification of the diagnosis is of particular importance. If the histological pattern of a fibroinflammatory pseudotumor is identified, especially in the presence of multiple nodules, IgG4-RD should always be included in the differential diagnosis.
ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE AND MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS DURING THE INITIAL PREPARATION STAGE
Authors: Demidov V , Sivkov V , Nazarenko A , Demidova V , Mavliev F 
Published: March 2020

Aim. The purpose of the study is to determine the morphological features and anaerobic performance of young football players. Materials and methods. 20 young football players aged 12–13 years were examined. The anaerobic performance test was carried out on a Monark 891E hand ergometer (Sweden). Physical and technical preparedness was assessed with the following pedagogical tests: the 15 m standing and crouch start running test, standing long jump, vertical jump, 30-second running, 3×10 m 3×10 m shuttle run. Hip circumference as a morphological basis of anaerobic performance of the legs was evaluated by using a measuring tape. Body length and weight were measured by standard anthropometric methods. Results. The young football players have a significant heterochrony of morphological development, which is expressed in a significant dispersion of the parameters of body weight and length. At the same time, neither actual age nor training loads are the determining factors for the demonstrated strength, but the level of morphological development (i.e. biological age), as evidenced by the correlations between the hip circumference and absolute peak power (r = 0.75, at p = 0.0001). There are no similar correlations with age (both in years and in days). Technical tests, such as basketball dribbling, basketball ball handling drill, and shuttle running with the ball, as well as basketball obstacle course did not have statistically significant differences between more or less physically developed athletes. Conclusion. The approach to differentiation of athletes according to the development of speed-strength qualities based on morphofunctional data can be used in coaching practice when working with young athletes aged 12–13 years. This will allow coaches to plan training sessions aimed not at balancing differences, but at improving the training process taking into account the individual characteristics of an athlete.