bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of caregiver distress among spouses, adult children living with the person with dementia, and adult children not living with the person with dementia
Authors: Wawrziczny Emilie , Duprez Christelle , Antoine Pascal 
Published: May 2020

AimThe caregiving situation differs according to the type of relationship between the patient caregiver, and among dementia caregivers, living with the person with dementia can contribute to caregiver distress. This study aimed to identify the predictors of caregiver distress based on caregiver profile: spouse, adult child living with the person with dementia, and adult child not living with the person with dementia.MethodIn total, 213 caregivers participated in this study. Their responses to questionnaires helped identify the positive and negative implications of the caregiving situation and the level of caregiver distress. The analyses consisted of univariate and multiple linear regression models using a forward method.ResultsBased on the standardized beta scores, the variables that are the most significant in predicting spouse caregiver distress are the impact on health and impact on schedule. The variable that is the most significant in predicting the distress of adult child caregivers living with the person with dementia is the impact on health. The variables that are the most significant in predicting the distress of adult child caregivers not living with the person with dementia are the impact on health, impact on schedule, and impact on finances.ConclusionThe results make it possible to consider different approaches to providing support, including evaluating the health of all caregivers, giving guidance on accepting help and focusing caregivers' actions on their values for spouse caregivers, providing family mediation for adult child caregivers living with the person with dementia, and offering information and assistance on the available aids for adult child caregivers not living with the person with dementia.
Effect of the side of ovulation on the uterine morphometry, blood flow, progesterone, oestradiol and nitric oxide during spontaneous and induced oestrus in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Abdelnaby Elshymaa A. , Abo El‐Maaty Amal M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the changes in endometrial thickness between ipsilateral and contralateral uterine horns, diameter, blood flow area and hormonal concentrations in cows during natural and induced oestrus. In the induced group, six cows received a controlled internal device insert for 7 days. In the normal and induced oestrous group (n = 12), Doppler was performed day after day from day 5 till day 15. Oestradiol, progesterone and nitric oxide metabolites (NOMs) were measured. Results showed that dorsal, ventral and cross‐section diameter of the ipsilateral horn increased during the induced oestrous group to reach a maximum on day 2 than during normal one. The total coloured area in both horns in a normal and induced group was also affected (p < .001), as the total coloured area in the ipsilateral horns, increased in the induced group, reach a maximum on day 2 after ovulation, while in normal it reaches a maximum on day of ovulation. Oestradiol increased during the induced cycle than during the normal one, but progesterone increased during days after ovulation reaches a higher value on day 10 in both groups. Nitric oxide showed two peaks, one on the day 3 and another peak on day 5. Conclusion: The ipsilateral uterine horn different diameters and thickness increased more rapidly in the induced oestrous group than the natural oestrus group. A complete analysis of variations in P4 and E2 concentrations and endometrial thickness suggested that decreases in P4 concentrations were related to an increase in endometrial thickness and that increases in E2 concentrations enhanced these endometrial changes.
Occupational attainment and stratification in China: The interactive effects of social networks and the hukou system
Authors: Li Zhongda , Lin Jianhao , Liu Lu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of social networks and hukou status on worker’s occupational attainment in China. To identify the potential ranking of different occupations, we consider the use of the stereotype ordered regression model to estimate individual occupational choice. Our results show that social networks play different roles in shaping occupational outcomes for urban and rural workers. In particular, friendship ties significantly improve urban workers’ opportunities in obtaining higher‐ranked occupations; in contrast, kinship ties appear to be more influential for rural migrants, but the effects are limited to the attainment of lower‐ranked occupations. While social contacts from government organizations or state‐owned sectors facilitate urban workers’ attainment of higher‐ranked occupations, similar patterns are not observed among rural workers. We further find that the beneficial effects of social networks or urban hukou identity are stronger for workers who are from less‐developed regions, who work in state‐owned enterprises, or who have a college degree. Decomposition of the wage gap between urban and rural workers suggests that differences in social networks and occupation types, together with hukou discrimination, account for the majority of the current wage inequality.
Assisted breastfeeding technique to improve knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers with cleft lip‐ and palate‐affected infants: A randomized trial
Authors: Murthy Prashanth Sadashiva , Deshmukh Seema , Murthy Srinivasa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCleft lip and palate is one of the most common developmental anomalies affecting the craniofacial region leading to an array of problems including the inability to feed properly.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of specially designed audio‐visual module over traditional instructional module in improving the assisted breastfeeding habits.MethodologySixteen patients received training regarding the feeding practices through the traditional instructional method, and 16 subjects received training through audio‐visual module. Infants in both the groups received the standard care. These infants were followed up longitudinally for 6 months. During the follow up period, the growth parameters were recorded monthly. The knowledge, attitude, and practices of the mothers regarding feeding practices were assessed using KAP questionnaire.ResultsThere was significant improvement in the knowledge of the mothers from baseline to 6 months, however, the practices indicated that the mothers belonging to the audio‐visual module group showed better understating of the condition and earlier adaptation of the breastfeeding practices. Correspondingly, the growth parameters also showed significant difference.ConclusionThe custom‐made audio‐visual module would help the mothers adapt better to the stressful situation following the birth of the infant affected with cleft lip and palate.
Prospective cohort study of child mouthing of faeces and fomites in Dhaka, Bangladesh (CHoBI7 Program)
Authors: Parvin Tahmina , Minhaj Uddin Ismat , Islam Bhuyian Md. Sazzadul , Saxton Ronald , Zohura Fatema , Sultana Marzia , Johura Fatema‐Tuz , Monira Shirajum , Hasan Md. Tasdik , Papri Nowshin , Haque Md. Ahshanul , Biswas Shwapon K. , Sack David A. , Perin Jamie , Alam Munirul , George Christine Marie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterise childhood mouthing and handling behaviours and to assess the association between hand‐to‐object and object‐to‐mouth contacts and diarrhoea prevalence in young children in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted among 494 children under 5 years of age in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This study was nested within the randomised controlled trial of the Cholera Hospital‐Based Intervention for 7 Days (CHoBI7) mobile health (mHealth) program. The CHoBI7 mHealth program focuses on promoting handwashing with soap and water treatment to diarrhoea patients and their household members through mobile messages and a single in person visit. Mouthing and handling of faeces and fomites among young children was measured by five‐hour structured observation and caregiver reports. Diarrhoea surveillance data was collected monthly for 12 months.ResultsFifty five percent of caregivers reported that their child put a visibly dirty fomite (object or soil) in their mouth in the past week. Caregivers reported that 50% of children had mouthed visibly dirty objects, 26% had mouthed dirt, and 2% had mouthed faeces. Forty five percent of children were observed mouthing a visibly dirty fomite during structured observation, 40% of children were observed mouthing a visibly dirty object, 10% were observed mouthing soil, and one child (0.2%) was observed mouthing faeces. Mouthing of visibly dirty fomites was highest for children 12‐18 months of age with 69% of these children having caregiver reports and 54% having observed events. Children with caregiver reports of mouthing faeces had a significantly higher odds of diarrhoea over the subsequent month (Odds Ratio: 4.54; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.06, 19.48).ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that mouthing of contaminated fomites among young children is frequent in urban environments in Bangladesh, and that mouthing faeces is associated with a significantly higher odds of diarrhoea. Interventions are urgently needed to protect young children from faecal pathogens in their play spaces.
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5‐bisphosphate regulates Ca2+ transport during yeast vacuolar fusion through the Ca2+ATPase Pmc1
Authors: Miner Gregory E. , Sullivan Katherine D. , Zhang Chi , Rivera‐Kohr David , Guo Annie , Hurst Logan R. , Ellis Ez C. , Starr Matthew L. , Jones Brandon C. , Fratti Rutilio A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe transport of Ca2+ across membranes precedes the fusion and fission of various lipid bilayers. Yeast vacuoles under hyperosmotic stress become fragmented through fission events that requires the release of Ca2+ stores through the TRP channel Yvc1. This requires the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol‐3‐phosphate (PI3P) by the PI3P‐5‐kinase Fab1 to produce transient PI(3,5)P2 pools. Ca2+ is also released during vacuole fusion upon trans‐SNARE complex assembly, however, its role remains unclear. The effect of PI(3,5)P2 on Ca2+ flux during fusion was independent of Yvc1. Here, we show that while low levels of PI(3,5)P2 were required for Ca2+ uptake into the vacuole, increased concentrations abolished Ca2+ efflux. This was as shown by the addition of exogenous dioctanoyl PI(3,5)P2 or increased endogenous production of by the hyperactive fab1T2250A mutant. In contrast, the lack of PI(3,5)P2 on vacuoles from the kinase dead fab1EEE mutant showed delayed and decreased Ca2+ uptake. The effects of PI(3,5)P2 were linked to the Ca2+ pump Pmc1, as its deletion rendered vacuoles resistant to the effects of excess PI(3,5)P2. Experiments with Verapamil inhibited Ca2+ uptake when added at the start of the assay, while adding it after Ca2+ had been taken up resulted in the rapid expulsion of Ca2+. Vacuoles lacking both Pmc1 and the H+/Ca2+ exchanger Vcx1 lacked the ability to take up Ca2+ and instead expelled it upon the addition of ATP. Together these data suggest that a balance of efflux and uptake compete during the fusion pathway and that the levels of PI(3,5)P2 can modulate which path predominates.
Influence of Viscosity and Non-Linearities in Predicting Motions of a Wind Energy Offshore Platform in Regular Waves
Authors: Ferrandis José del Águila , Bonfiglio Luca , Rodríguez Ricardo Zamora , Chryssostomidis Chryssostomos , Faltinsen Odd Magnus , Triantafyllou Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMotion predictions of floating bodies in extreme waves represent a challenging problem in naval hydrodynamics. The solution of the seakeeping problem involves the study of complex non-linear wave-body interactions that require large computational costs. For this reason, over the years, many seakeeping models have been formulated in order to predict ship motions using simplified flow theories, usually based on potential flow theories. Neglecting viscous effects in the wave-induced forces might largely underestimate the energy dissipated by the system. This problem is particularly relevant for unconventional floating bodies at resonance. In these operating conditions, the linear assumption is no longer valid, and conventional boundary element methods, based on potential flow, might predict unrealistic large responses if not corrected with empirical viscous damping coefficients. The application considered in this study is an offshore platform to be operated in a wind farm requiring operability even in extreme meteorological conditions. In this paper, we compare heave and pitch response amplitude operators predicted for an offshore platform using three different seakeeping models of increasing complexity, namely, a frequency-domain boundary element method (BEM), a partly nonlinear time domain BEM, and a non-linear viscous model based on the solution of the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations. Results are critically compared in terms of accuracy, applicability, and computational costs.
Coolant Jets Blowing Across the Airfoil Stagnation Line to Enhance Film Effectiveness
Authors: Holgate Nicholas E. , Ireland Peter T. , Romero Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A novel airfoil leading edge film cooling design has been investigated, and its performance over conventional alternatives quantified. In conventional designs, the region near the geometric stagnation line is typically between the two most upstream film hole rows, which each emit coolant in the downstream direction on their respective sides of the airfoil. This region is thus relatively starved of coolant flow and adequate cooling is achieved inefficiently with a high density of holes expelling a large amount of coolant in order to dilute the nearby mainstream flow. Drawing inspiration from recent literature on reverse-blowing film cooling holes, several film cooling geometries have been designed and tested with a view to improving upon this situation by blowing coolant from each side of the airfoil geometric stagnation line to the other in a criss-cross pattern. This is found to be capable of producing much higher film effectiveness near the stagnation line than a series of more conventional designs which were also tested, without decreasing downstream film effectiveness. A method is also described for using experimental film effectiveness data to estimate two novel measures of the efficiency of leading edge film coolant usage: the proportion of the mainstream which interacts with leading edge film coolant and the proportion of coolant from the two most upstream film hole rows which reaches the stagnation line.
Flexoelectric Energy Harvesting Using Circular Thin Membranes
Authors: Li Zhaoqi , Deng Qian , Shen Shengping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work, we propose a circular membrane-based flexoelectric energy harvester. Different from previously reported nanobeams based flexoelectric energy harvesters, for the flexoelectric membrane, the polarization direction around its center is opposite in sign to that far away from the center. To avoid the cancelation of the electric output, electrodes coated to upper and lower surfaces of the flexoelectric membrane are respectively divided into two parts according to the sign of bending curvatures. Based on Hamilton’s principle and Ohm’s law, we obtain governing equations for the circular membrane-based flexoelectric energy harvester. A generalized assumed-modes method is employed for solving the system, so that the performance of the flexoelectric energy harvester can be studied in detail. We analyze the effects of the thickness h, radius r0, and their ratio on the energy harvesting performance. Specifically, we show that, by selecting appropriate h and r0, it is possible to design an energy harvester with both high energy conversion efficiency and low working frequency. At last, through numerical simulations, we further study the optimization ratio for which the electrodes should be divided.
Flutter Instability and Ziegler Destabilization Paradox for Elastic Rods Subject to Non-Holonomic Constraints
Authors: Cazzolli Alessandro , Dal Corso Francesco , Bigoni Davide 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Two types of non-holonomic constraints (imposing a prescription on velocity) are analyzed, connected to an end of a (visco)elastic rod, straight in its undeformed configuration. The equations governing the nonlinear dynamics are obtained and then linearized near the trivial equilibrium configuration. The two constraints are shown to lead to the same equations governing the linearized dynamics of the Beck (or Pflüger) column in one case and of the Reut column in the other. Although the structural systems are fully conservative (when viscosity is set to zero), they exhibit flutter and divergence instability. In addition, the Ziegler's destabilization paradox is found when dissipation sources are introduced. It follows that these features are proven to be not only a consequence of “unrealistic non-conservative loads” (as often stated in the literature); rather, the models proposed by Beck, Reut, and Ziegler can exactly describe the linearized dynamics of structures subject to non-holonomic constraints, which are made now fully accessible to experiments.
A Review on Nanocomposites. Part 2: Micromachining
Authors: Le Bao , Khaliq Jibran , Huo Dehong , Teng Xiangyu , Shyha Islam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicromachining of nanocomposites is deemed to be a complicated process due to the anisotropic, heterogeneous structure and advanced mechanical properties of these materials associated with the size effects in micromachining. It leads to poorer machinability in terms of high cutting force, low surface quality, and high rate of tool wear. A comprehensive review on mechanical properties of nanocomposites aiming to pointout their effects on micro-machinability has been addressed in part 1. In part 2, the subsequent micro-machining processes are critically discussed based on relevant studies from both experimental and modeling approaches. The main findings and limitations of these micro-machining methods in processing nanocomposites have been highlighted together with future prospects.
Compensation Modeling and Optimization on Contactless Rotary Transformer in Rotary Ultrasonic Machining
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Long Zhili , Wang Can , Zhao Heng , Li Yangmin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) is an effective solution to cut, grind, or drill the advanced brittle hard materials. Contactless rotary transformer, with the advantages of high-power transmission efficiency and reliability, is a potential structure to transmit electric power in RUM. In this study, an impedance model of rotary ultrasonic holder (RUH) is established to find that there exist deviations for the resonant frequency and impedance between the RUH and the ultrasonic transducer, indicating that without compensation the ultrasonic transducer cannot find precisely its own resonant frequency by sweeping frequency. To match the resonant frequency and impedance, four compensation topologies are compared and the Series-Series (SS) topology is discovered as the most suitable option. The compensated capacitance values are determined by visualized solution from the contour line method. Both simulation (from matlab–simulink) and experimental results validate that with compensation elements, the resonant frequency and impedance can be matched precisely between the RUH and ultrasonic transducer and the output voltage and current are with better dynamic performance. Moreover, with the same input voltage, the received power of ultrasonic transducer with compensation capacitors is 7.4 times than the one without compensation. Results verify that the compensation optimization of contactless rotary transformer can improve the vibration amplitude in RUM.
The Master Sinter Curve and Its Application to Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Wheat Evan , Shanbhag Gitanjali , Vlasea Mihaela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe master sinter curve (MSC) is an empirical model used to predict the density of a part after being sintered. The model is typically applied to components that undergo isotropic shrinkage. Parts manufactured using binder jetting additive manufacturing (BJAM) are known to have nonuniform powder systems and high levels of anisotropy. This work explores the application of the master sinter curve to components made by BJAM. Cylindrical samples were manufactured with the long axis parallel (vertical), perpendicular (horizontal), and 45 deg to the printing direction. A bimodal blend of titanium powder (0–45  µm and 106–150 µm) was used to make samples with consistent green densities (ranging from 47.2% to 52.3%) between the different orientations. Samples were then sintered at heating rates of 1, 3, and 5 °C/min to a maximum of 1400 °C. After sintering, the samples showed significant variation between the different orientations, with vertical samples on average 7.6 ± 2.98% and 4.7 ± 1.20% denser than the horizontal and the 45 deg samples, respectively. The calculated apparent activation energies for sintering were within the same range for all orientations, 200–260 kJ/mol for vertical and 45 deg, and 140–260 kJ/mol for horizontal samples. Validation sinter runs showed that the density prediction errors of the master sinter curves were between 0.9% and 4.3%. This work shows that the master sinter curve can be applied to predict the sintered density of components manufactured by binder jetting additive manufacturing.
Internal Surface Quality Enhancement of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 718 by Abrasive Flow Machining
Authors: Guo Jiang , Song Chuanping , Fu Youzhi , Au Ka Hing , Kum Chun Wai , Goh Min Hao , Ren Tongqun , Huang Rui , Sun Chen-Nan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) technology enables a new way for fabricating components with complex internal surfaces. Selective laser melting (SLM), being one of the most common AM techniques, is able to fabricate complex geometries with superior material properties. However, due to the poor surface quality, the fabricated internal surfaces cannot meet the specifications for some real applications. To achieve the required internal surface condition, post-polishing process is essential. As one of the most prominent processes for finishing inaccessible surfaces with a wide range of materials, abrasive flow machining (AFM) shows great potential to polish AM internal surfaces. Hence, this paper presents an analytical and experimental study on the internal surface quality improvement of SLM Inconel 718 by AFM, aiming to verify the feasibility of AFM on internal surface quality improvement. The surface evolution process was modeled, and the effects of process parameters on surface and subsurface quality were evaluated. The results show that good surface roughness was obtained at the medium conditions of high viscosity, large particle size, low extrusion pressure, and low temperature. The surface morphology was greatly affected by the medium particle size which showed consistency with the surface evolution model that small abrasive particles are unable to overcome the width and depth of the valleys, resulting in the formation of craters. The partially melt layer was effectively removed, and no subsurface damage was induced.