bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ Opinion on Availability and Price of Drugs in the General Outpatient Department of a Teaching Hospital, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ndibuagu Edmund O. , Chime Onyinye H. , Ugwu Ejiofor T. 
Published: December 2020

Aim: Patients perception of health care delivery system can be expressed as an opinion. The aim of the study is to assess patients’ opinion on availability and cost of drugs in the General Outpatient Department of a state teaching hospital in Nigeria.
Study Design: The study was of descriptive, cross-sectional design.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the General Outpatient department, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu state, Nigeria. It was conducted between August 1st and October 31st, 2017.
Methodology: Information was collected from 313 patients exiting the Pharmacy unit, using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis, and the results expressed as frequencies and percentages. Education, sex, and age patterns of the responses were looked at.
Results: A total of 313 patients responded, 131 (41.9%) males and 182 (58.1%) females. Out of these, 91 (29.0%) were of the opinion that drugs were reasonably or completely available, while 184(58.8%) reported that it was either few or completely unavailable; with 38(12.1%) having no opinion on availability. With respect to price; 198(63.3%) believed that price is affordable or very affordable, while 78(24.9%) thought it was exorbitant or very exorbitant; with 37(11.8%) being uncertain about the price of drugs.
Conclusions: In LMIC, inadequate stock of drugs in health facilities is a common occurrence. More than half of patients that presented in the study health facility were of the opinion that only few prescribed drugs, or completely none were available. However, most of them believed that the price of drugs was affordable or very affordable. It is crucial that governments and health care managers redouble their efforts towards provision of drugs, if meaningful progress will be made in the area of global Universal Health Coverage.
Zum ökobilanziellen Vergleich auf Bauteilebene
Authors: Hoffmann Lars , Heiden Björn , Holschemacher Klaus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDas Bauwesen ist einer der großen Einflussbereiche zur Verringerung des Klimawandels. Im Bausektor, wie auch in anderen Sektoren, ist man zunehmend gefordert, den ökologischen Fußabdruck möglichst gering zu halten. Um diesen Fußabdruck überhaupt definieren zu können, wird z. B. bei der Planung nachhaltiger Gebäude das Instrument der Ökobilanz angewandt. Hierbei fließen die Umweltwirkungen des Gebäudebetriebs sowie der Bereitstellung der verwendeten Baustoffe zur Errichtung eines Gebäudes ein. Letzteres wird in diesem Beitrag verfolgt. Mittels transparenter sowie quantifizierter Darstellung der Umweltwirkung von Baustoffen auf Bauteilebene lassen sich Vergleiche zu anderen zur Auswahl stehenden Bausystemen ziehen. Einer anschließenden Beurteilungsgrundlage können dabei der gesamte Lebenszyklus, aber auch nur Teilabschnitte dessen dienen. Hierbei wird zwischen den Modellen „Cradle to Gate“, „Cradle to Grave“ und „Cradle to Cradle“ unterschieden. Unter Anwendung der drei Modelle werden in einem Vergleich von Deckensystemen die Treibhauspotenziale und die Primärenergiegehalte gegenübergestellt.
MiRNA‐516a promotes bladder cancer metastasis by inhibiting MMP9 protein degradation via the AKT/FOXO3A/SMURF1 axis
Authors: Chang Yuanyuan , Jin Honglei , Li Hongyan , Ma Jiugao , Zheng Zhijian , Sun Binuo , Lyu Yiting , Lin Mengqi , Zhao He , Shen Liping , Zhang Ruirui , Wu Shuilian , Lin Weiwei , Lu Yongyong , Xie Qipeng , Zhang Gang , Huang Xing , Huang Haishan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with bladder cancer (BC). However, current available treatments exert little effects on metastatic BC. Moreover, traditional grading and staging have only a limited ability to identify metastatic BC. Accumulating evidence indicates that the aberrant expression of microRNA is intimately associated with tumor progression. So far, many miRNAs have been identified as molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. This study focused on the role of miR‐516a‐5p (miR‐516a) in BC.MethodsMiR‐516a expression and its downstream signaling pathway were detected using molecular cell biology and biochemistry approaches and techniques. Fresh clinical BC tissue was used to study the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with different miR‐516a expression. The biological functions of miR‐516a in BC were tested both in vivo and in vitro.ResultsA more invasive BC phenotype was significantly and positively correlated with miR‐516a overexpression in BC patients. MiR‐516a inhibition significantly decreased BC cell invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR‐516a attenuated the expression of PH domain leucine‐rich repeat‐containing protein phosphatase 2 protein and inhibited SMAD‐specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 transcription by activating the AKT/Forkhead box O3 signaling pathway, which stabilized MMP9 and slowed down its proteasomal degradation, ultimately promoting BC motility and invasiveness.ConclusionsOur findings reveal the crucial function of miR‐516a in promoting BC metastasis, and elucidate the molecular mechanism involved, suggesting that miR‐516a may be a promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for BC.
Respecting alcohol, respecting the water: Young adult perspectives on how to reduce alcohol‐influenced drownings in Australia
Authors: Calverley Hannah L. M. , Petrass Lauren A. , Blitvich Jennifer D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIssue addressedAlcohol‐influenced drowning among young Australians (aged 18‐24 years) is a prominent health concern. However, effectiveness of targeted prevention campaigns for this age group is unknown, as this information is not typically published in peer‐reviewed or easily accessed grey literature. Accordingly, future campaigns cannot build on prior efforts to address this health problem.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews ascertained young Australian adults’ perspectives on preventing alcohol consumption in aquatic settings, and their awareness of appropriate safety strategies and Australian national and state drowning prevention campaigns. Discussions were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach.ResultsTwenty‐three individuals (mean age 20.65 years) participated in an interview. Participants had poor understanding of alcohol‐focused drowning prevention campaigns and used logos and names to decipher key campaign messages. Education was recommended as the preferred method for prevention, and participants suggested preferences for delivery (eg social media, in schools, humour and shock tactics). The safety strategies discussed appeared to be transferred from strategies used in other contexts, rather than related to the specific risks of aquatic scenarios.ConclusionsDrowning prevention practitioners should ensure transparency and clarity of their campaign names and logos to enhance understanding of the messages. Practitioners should also consider using audience analysis during campaign design, delivery and evaluation, alongside best practice recommendations from literature, to enhance campaign suitability and effectiveness.So what?Water safety practitioners and policy makers should acknowledge these findings when developing campaigns which address young adults’ lack of awareness of safe aquatic behaviours to encourage a sustained behaviour change.
Semiautomatic cerebrovascular territory mapping based on dynamic ASL MR angiography without vessel‐encoded labeling
Authors: Heidari Pahlavian Soroush , Geri Oren , Russin Jonathan , Ma Samantha J. , Amar Arun , Wang Danny J. J. , Ben Bashat Dafna , Yan Lirong 
Published: December 2020

PurposeCharacterizing vessel territories can provide crucial information for evaluation of cerebrovascular disorders. In this study, we present a novel postprocessing pipeline for vascular territorial imaging of cerebral arteries based on a noncontrast enhanced time‐resolved 4D magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).MethodsEight healthy participants, 1 Moyamoya patient, and 1 arteriovenous malformations patient were recruited. Territorial segmentation and relative blood flow rate calculations of cerebral arteries including left and right middle cerebral arteries and left and right posterior cerebral arteries were carried out based on the 4D MRA‐derived arterial arrival time maps of intracranial vessels.ResultsAmong healthy young subjects, the average relative blood flow rate values corresponding to left and right middle cerebral arteries and left and right posterior cerebral arteries were 35.9 ± 5.9%, 32.9 ± 7.5%, 15.4 ± 3.8%, and 15.9 ± 2.5%, respectively. Excellent agreement was observed between relative blood flow rate values obtained from the proposed 4D MRA‐based method and reference 2D phase contrast MRI. Abnormal cerebral circulations were visualized and quantified on both patients using the developed technique.ConclusionThe vascular territorial imaging technique developed in this study allowed for the generation of territorial maps with user‐defined level of details within a clinically feasible scan time, and as such may provide useful information to assess cerebral circulation balance in different pathologies.
Triple‐ring tubular MB36 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) with threefold aromaticity
Authors: Tian Wen‐Juan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe modification with alkaline‐earth metals to the energy unfavorable triple‐ring B36 result in a family of stable triple‐ring tubular MB36 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba). The triple‐ring structures are highly energy favorable than the structures on the basis of the global‐minimum of B36 which is experimentally known as planar structure with dual aromaticity. Basic chemical bonding analysis reveals the σ and dual π aromaticity of these triple‐ring tubes, which refer to threefold aromaticity and result in the chemical stability. Large energy gap and high formation energy support their stability. Highly negative NICS values sustain the same conclusion. This findings hint the possibility of experimental synthesis of triple‐ring tube by importing metals.
Studie Allergy to Peanuts imPacting Emotions And Life (APPEAL)
Authors: Schnadt Sabine , Zeitler Stefan , Ryan Robert , Gallop Katy , Acaster Sarah , Blümchen Katharina 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Industrieländern sind bis zu 3 % aller Kinder von einer Erdnussallergie betroffen. Allergy to Peanuts imPacting Emotions And Life (APPEAL) ist die erste große Studie, die die Auswirkungen und Belastungen durch eine Erdnussallergie auf Betroffene und Angehörige untersucht.

Material und Methoden
Betroffene mit Erdnussallergie und deren Eltern/Betreuer nahmen entweder an einer Online-Umfrage teil (APPEAL‑1, n = 273) oder gaben detaillierte Interviews (APPEAL‑2, n = 32).

Ergebnisse
Von den Befragten der APPEAL-1-Studie (56 erwachsene Patienten mit Erdnussallergie und 217 Eltern/Betreuer von Personen mit Erdnussallergie) gaben 85 % an, dass die Erdnussallergie ihre täglichen Aktivitäten beeinflusst, 65 % fühlten sich deshalb isoliert. 91 % sorgten sich besonders bei gesellschaftlichen Anlässen vor einer potenziellen Erdnussexposition; 85 % verspürten Hindernisse beim Pflegen sozialer Kontakte. Die häufigsten psychologischen Auswirkungen der Erdnussallergie waren Frustration (89 %), Unsicherheit (86 %) und Stress (88 %). Ein Großteil der Befragten (84 %) beschrieb ein Gefühl der Andersartigkeit. Durch die Erdnussallergie kommt es häufig zu Beeinträchtigungen bei sozialen Aktivitäten, im schulischen Umfeld, im Beruf (bei Eltern und erwachsenen Betroffenen) sowie in Bezug auf emotionales Befinden und Beziehungen. Als wichtigste Bewältigungsstrategien nannten die Teilnehmer eine gute Überwachung von Nahrung und Hygiene, den Austausch mit anderen und eine akribische Planung von Aktivitäten.

Schlussfolgerungen
Dies ist die erste alltagsbezogene Umfrage in Deutschland, die die Auswirkungen und Belastungen einer Erdnussallergie bei betroffenen Kindern, Jugendlichen und deren Eltern/Betreuern sowie bei selbst betroffenen Erwachsenen aufzeigt.
The anesthetist’s choice of inhalational vs. intravenous anesthetics has no impact on survival of glioblastoma patients
Authors: Schmoch Thomas , Jungk Christine , Bruckner Thomas , Haag Sabine , Zweckberger Klaus , von Deimling Andreas , Brenner Thorsten , Unterberg Andreas , Weigand Markus A. , Uhle Florian , Herold-Mende Christel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent data suggest that the type of anesthesia used during the resection of solid tumors impacts the long-term survival of patients favoring total-intravenous-anesthesia (TIVA) over inhalative-anesthesia (INHA). Here we sought to query this impact on survival in patients undergoing resection of glioblastoma (GBM). All patients receiving elective resection of a newly diagnosed, isocitrate-dehydrogenase-1-(IDH1)-wildtype GBM under general anesthesia between January 2010 and June 2017 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, were included. Patients were grouped according to the applied anesthetic technique. To adjust for potential prognostic confounders, patients were matched in a 1:2 ratio (TIVA vs. INHA), taking into account the known prognostic factors: age, extent of resection, O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase-(MGMT)-promoter-methylation-status, pre-operative Karnofsky-performance-index and adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free-survival (PFS) and the secondary endpoint was overall-survival (OS). In the study period, 576 patients underwent resection of a newly diagnosed, IDH-wildtype GBM. Patients with incomplete follow-up-data, on palliative treatment, having emergency or awake surgery; 54 patients remained in the TIVA-group and 417 in the INHA-group. After matching, 52 patients remained in the TIVA-group and 92 in the INHA-group. Median PFS was 6 months in both groups. The median OS was 13.5 months in the TIVA-group and 13.0 months in the INHA-group. No significant survival differences associated with the type of anesthesia were found either before or after adjustment for known prognostic factors. This retrospective study supports the notion that the current anesthetic approaches employed during the resection of IDH-wildtype GBM do not impact patient survival.
Landing Site Selection and Overview of China’s Lunar Landing Missions
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Zeng Xingguo , Li Chunlai , Ren Xin , Yan Wei , Tan Xu , Zhang Xiaoxia , Chen Wangli , Zuo Wei , Liu Yuxuan , Liu Bin , Liu Dawei , Zhou Qin , Ouyang Ziyuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLanding site selection is of fundamental importance for lunar landing mission and it is closely related to the scientific goals of the mission. According to the widely concerned lunar science goals and the landing site selection of the ongoing lunar missions; China has carried out the selection of landing site for a series of Chang’ E (CE) missions. Under this background, this paper firstly introduced the principles, process, method and result of landing site selection of China’s Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP), and then analyzed the support of the selected landing sites to the corresponding lunar research. This study also pointed out the outcomes that could possibly contribute to the key lunar questions on the basis of the selected landing sites of CE-4 and CE-5 such as deep material in South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin, lunar chronology, volcanic thermodynamics and geological structure evolution history of the Moon. Finally, this approach analyzed the development trend of China’s follow-up lunar landing missions, and suggested that the South Pole Region of the Moon could be the landing site of high priority for the future CE missions.
Working beyond disciplines in teacher teams: teachers’ revelations on enablers and inhibitors
Authors: Meeuwissen Stephanie N. E. , Gijselaers Wim H. , Wolfhagen Ineke H. A. P. , Oude Egbrink Mirjam G. A. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction Health professions education faces transitions from monodisciplinary to integrated education and from soloist teachers to interdisciplinary teacher teams. Interdisciplinary teamwork has been found complex and prone to conflict. Teachers’ perceptions of why some teams work and learn as a real interdisciplinary team and others do not are lacking in this setting. We studied the factors that teachers perceive as enabling and/or inhibiting interdisciplinary team learning.
Methods In this exploratory, qualitative study, we conducted 17 semi-structured, vignette-guided interviews with teachers recruited from diverse disciplines in undergraduate health professions programmes at Maastricht University, the Netherlands, through maximum variation sampling. Team learning research informed data collection and template analysis.
Results We identified three themes representing the factors that teachers perceived to influence interdisciplinary team learning: ‘alignment/misalignment with the educational philosophy’ (regarding personal attributes, tendencies and motivation), ‘leadership practices’ (encompassing team vision, responsibility and reflection), and ‘involvement in organisational processes’ (covering organisational decision-making, support and learning opportunities). For interdisciplinary team learning in development of integrated education, teachers emphasised their personal ability to move beyond disciplinary boundaries. Shared team leadership enabled the creation of a shared vision, shared responsibility, and team reflection. Lastly, teacher involvement in educational management, peer support and learning was considered important.
Discussion To work beyond disciplines in health professions education, teachers should take an interest in integrated education, share responsibility and work in an environment where people continuously learn from others.
An AI-Based System for Formative and Summative Assessment in Data Science Courses
Authors: Vittorini Pierpaolo , Menini Stefano , Tonelli Sara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMassive open online courses (MOOCs) provide hundreds of students with teaching materials, assessment tools, and collaborative instruments. The assessment activity, in particular, is demanding in terms of both time and effort; thus, the use of artificial intelligence can be useful to address and reduce the time and effort required. This paper reports on a system and related experiments finalised to improve both the performance and quality of formative and summative assessments in specific data science courses. The system is developed to automatically grade assignments composed of R commands commented with short sentences written in natural language. In our opinion, the use of the system can (i) shorten the correction times and reduce the possibility of errors and (ii) support the students while solving the exercises assigned during the course through automated feedback. To investigate these aims, an ad-hoc experiment was conducted in three courses containing the specific topic of statistical analysis of health data. Our evaluation demonstrated that automated grading has an acceptable correlation with human grading. Furthermore, the students who used the tool did not report usability issues, and those that used it for more than half of the exercises obtained (on average) higher grades in the exam. Finally, the use of the system reduced the correction time and assisted the professor in identifying correction errors.
Stance and Being
Authors: ROUSE JOSEPH 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis essay builds upon Rebecca Kukla's constructive treatment of Dennettian stances as embodied coping strategies, to extend a conversation previously initiated by John Haugeland about Daniel Dennett on stances and real patterns and Martin Heidegger on the ontological difference. This comparison is mutually illuminating. It advances three underdeveloped issues in Heidegger: Dasein's ‘bodily nature’, the import of Heidegger's ontological pluralism for object identity, and how clarification of the sense of being in general bears on the manifold senses of being. It more sharply differentiates Kukla's and Dennett's understandings of stances and the real. Finally, it allows for further development of Kukla's account of Dennettian stances as embodied. These developments show greater complexity than what Kukla calls ‘the wide and counterfactually flexible repertoire of bodily positions’ that make up an embodied stance. They also show how different stances are compared and assessed even though Kukla rightly denies the possibility of a normative or explanatory philosophical ‘meta-stance’.
Gender sidestreaming? Analysing gender mainstreaming in national militaries and international peacekeeping
Authors: Newby Vanessa F. , Sebag Clotilde 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwenty years after the passing of Resolution 1325, the participation of women as military personnel in peacekeeping operations remains limited. Women currently comprise just under five per cent of military personnel in UN peacekeeping missions, and the UN consistently calls for more. We contend the low numbers of female military personnel in peacekeeping reflects a lack of gender mainstreaming in national militaries globally. This article introduces the problem of sidestreaming, the practice, deliberate or unintentional, of sidelining women and relegating them to specialised spaces in international peace and security while attempting gender mainstreaming or increased gender integration. Drawing on empirical evidence from national militaries we show how and where sidestreaming occurs with the result being that women remain clustered in gendered and low-status spaces in national militaries and in specialised spaces in peacekeeping operations. This has a negative effect on retention and recruitment contributing to the low numbers of female peacekeepers in UN peace operations. We conclude that gender mainstreaming in its fullest sense will require military reform that decouples violence and combat skills from masculinity and inclusive research strategies that engage men as well as women.