bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Models for 43 Galactic Supernova Remnants with Distances and X-Ray Spectra
Authors: Leahy D. A. , Ranasinghe S. , Gelowitz M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The X-ray emission from a supernova remnant (SNR) is a powerful diagnostic of the state of the shocked plasma. The temperature (kT) and the emission measure (EM) of the shocked gas are related to the energy of the explosion, the age of the SNR, and the density of the surrounding medium. Progress in X-ray observations of SNRs has resulted in a significant sample of Galactic SNRs with measured kT and EM values. We apply spherically symmetric SNR evolution models to a new set of 43 SNRs to estimate ages, explosion energies, and circumstellar medium densities. The distribution of ages yields an SNR birth rate. The energies and densities are well fit with lognormal distributions, with wide dispersions. SNRs with two emission components are used to distinguish between SNR models with uniform interstellar medium and with stellar wind environment. We find Type Ia SNRs to be consistent with a stellar wind environment. Inclusion of stellar wind SNR models has a significant effect on estimated lifetimes and explosion energies of SNRs. This reduces the discrepancy between the estimated SNR birth rate and the SN rate of the Galaxy.
ALMA Observations of Massive Clouds in the Central Molecular Zone: Jeans Fragmentation and Cluster Formation
Authors: Lu 吕 Xing 行 , Cheng 程 Yu 宇 , Ginsburg Adam , Longmore Steven N. , Diederik Kruijssen J. M. , Battersby Cara , Zhang Qizhou , Walker Daniel L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 6 continuum observations of 2000 au resolution toward four massive molecular clouds in the Central Molecular Zone of the Galaxy. To study gas fragmentation, we use the dendrogram method to identify cores as traced by the dust continuum emission. The four clouds exhibit different fragmentation states at the observed resolution despite having similar masses at the cloud scale (∼1–5 pc). Assuming a constant dust temperature of 20 K, we construct core mass functions of the clouds and find a slightly top-heavy shape as compared to the canonical initial mass function, but we note several significant uncertainties that may affect this result. The characteristic spatial separation between the cores as identified by the minimum spanning tree method, ∼104 au, and the characteristic core mass, 1–7

, are consistent with predictions of thermal Jeans fragmentation. The three clouds showing fragmentation may be forming OB associations (stellar mass ∼103

). None of the four clouds under investigation seem to be currently able to form massive star clusters like the Arches and the Quintuplet (≳104

), but they may form such clusters by further gas accretion onto the cores.
Recurrent Cometary Activity in Near-Earth Object (3552) Don Quixote
Authors: Mommert Michael , Hora Joseph L. , Trilling David E. , Biver Nicolas , Wierzchos Kacper , Harrington Pinto Olga , Agarwal Jessica , Kim Yoonyoung , McNeill Andrew , Womack Maria , Knight Matthew M. , Polishook David , Moskovitz Nick , Kelley Michael S. P. , Smith Howard A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We report on observations of activity in near-Earth object (3552) Don Quixote using the Spitzer Space Telescope and ground-based telescopes around its 2018 perihelion passage. Spitzer observations obtained six months before perihelion show extended emission around the target’s nucleus that is most likely caused by molecular band emission from either CO2 or CO, but we find no significant emission from dust. Ground-based optical observations taken close to perihelion reveal for the first time activity in the optical wavelengths, which we attribute to solar light reflected from dust particles. IRAM millimeter radio observations taken around the same time are unable to rule out CO as the driver of the molecular band emission observed with Spitzer. The comparison of the gas activity presented here with observations performed during Don Quixote’s previous apparition suggests that activity in Don Quixote is recurrent. We conclude that (3552) Don Quixote is most likely a weakly active comet.
IDENTIFIKASI DRPs (DRUG RELATED PROBLEMs) PENDERITA ISPA PASIEN PEDIATRIK DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Musdalipah Musdalipah , Nurhikma Eny , Sartika Sartika 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRAK
Drug Related Problem (DRP) atau masalah terkait obat adalah bagian dari asuhan kefarmasian (parmaceutical care) yang menggambarkan suatu keadaan, dimana profesional kesehatan (apoteker) menilai adanya ketidaksesuaian pengobatan dalam mencapai terapi yang sesungguhnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi DRPs penderita ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut) di Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit kota Kendari dengan kategori polifarmasi, interaksi obat dan interval dosis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah resep pasien pediatrik yang menderita ISPA. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode acak sederhana. Data diolah secara deskriptif dan di jabarkan dalam bentuk narasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan identifikasi DRPs (Drug Related Problems) dari 30 pasien penderita ISPA di temukan 11 (36,66%) pasien (43,33%) mengalami DRPs kategori polifarmasi, dan 4 pasien (13,33%) mengalami DRPs kategori interval dosis dan tidak di temukan DPRs kategori interaksi obat.
Kata Kunci : DRPs, Peresepan, ISPA, Pediatrik

ABSTRACT
Drug Related Problem (DRP) is a part of pharmaceutical care that describes a situation in which the health professional (pharmacist) assesses a treatment discrepancy in achieving actual therapy. The purpose of this research was identification patient of ISPA (Acute Respiratory Infection) at Pharmacy Installation of Kendari Hospital with Polifarmacy category, drug interaction and dose interval. This research uses descriptive method with Cross Sectional approach, the sample in this research is recipe of pediatric patient suffering from ARI. Sampling using simple random method. Data is processed descriptively and described in the form of narration. The results of this study indicate that based on the identification of DRPs (Drug Related Problems) it can be concluded that from 30 patients with respiratory infection found 11 patients (36.66%) experienced DRPs polifarmation category, and 4 patients (13.33%) experienced DRPs category interval Dose and not found DPRs drug interaction category.
Keywords : DRPs, Prescribing, ISPA, Child
Analisis Tingkat Kepatuhan Pasien Hipertensi Dalam Minum Obat Di RSUD Kota Kendari
Authors: Fauziah Yulianti , Musdalipah Musdalipah , Rahmawati Rahmawati 
Published: May 2020

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang tidak dapat disembuhkan, namun dapat dikontrol dan membutuhkan pengobatan jangka panjang bahkan seumur hidup, ketidakpatuhan terhadap terapi hipertensi merupakan faktor yang menghambat pengontrolan tekanan darah pasien sehingga membutuhkan intervensi untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan terapi. Kepatuhan dalam pengobatan dapat diartikan sebagai perilaku pasien mentaati semua nasehat dan petunjuk yang dianjurkan oleh tenaga medis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pasien hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Kendari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling, dimana semua populasi yang datang dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dimasukkan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengisian lembar kuesioner Medication Taking Scale (MTS). Penelitian dilakukan pada periode Juni–Juli 2019. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS 20. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 43 pasien tingkat tingkat Kepatuhan minum obat pasien hipertensi dengan kategori “tinggi” lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan tingkat kepatuhan dengan kategori “sedang” dan kategori “rendah”. Kepatuhan dengan kategori “tinggi” sebesar 44,2%, kategori “sedang” sebesar 37,2% dan kategori “rendah” sebesar 18,6%.

Kata Kunci: Tingkat Kepatuhan, Hipertensi, Rumah Sakit

ABSTRACT
Hypertension is one of the chronic diseases that can not be cured, but can only be in control for a long time even a lifetime, noncompliance to the treatment of hypertension is a factor that inhibits control blood pressure patients that needs to increase adherence to therapy. Compliance in treatment can be interpreted as the patient's behavior to obey all the advice and instructions recommended by medical personnel. The purpose of this research was to analyze the level of adherence to taking medication for hypertensive patients in The Public Hospital in Kendari City. This research used an observational method with sampling was using a consecutive sampling technique, where all populations came and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included as samples in the study. Data collection was carried out by filling out a questionnaire of the compliance Medication Taking Scale (MTS). The research was carried out in the period of June-July 2019. The results of the questionnaires obtained were then collected and processed data using SPSS 20. The results of research analysis showed that from 43 people's the level of adherence to taking medication with the category "high " is more than the level of adherence with the category "medium" and the level of adherence with the category level "low". category "high" of 44,2% category "medium" of 37,2% and the category "low" by 18,6%.
Keywords: The level of Adherence, Hypertension, The Hospital
Formulasi Sediaan Sabun Padat Ekstrak Daun Lamun (Thalassia hemprichii)
Authors: Rusli Nirwati , Nurhikma Eny , Sari Elma Puspita 
Published: May 2020

Lamun (Thalassia hemprichii) merupakan tanaman utama dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan kecantikan, obat, dan bidang farmasi. yang memiliki kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid tanin dan fenol. yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Aktifitas ini lebih efektif dibuat dalam sediaan sabun. Sabunyang dapat membunuh bakteri dikenal dengan sabun antiseptik. dengan menggunakan ekstrak daun lamun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak daun lamun dapat di formulasikan sabun mandi padat dan Untuk mengetahui konsentrasi dari ekstrak daun lamun (Thalassiahemprichi) yang memenuhi syarat evaluasi fisik dan uji stabilitas sediaan sabun padat. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah eksperimen dengan membuat sediaan sabun padat. Daun lamun di ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian dibuat sediaan sabun padat dengan konsentrasi ekstrak daun lamun sebesar 15% (FA), 25% (FB), 35% (FC). Formulasi di uji secara evaluasi fisik pada suhu kamar dan cycling test. Evaluasi sediaan meliputi organoleptik, pH sediaan, homogenitas, cycling test dan waktu ruang. Hasil evaluasi fisik sediaan sabun padat ekstrak daun lamun yang dilakukan selama 4 minggu menunjukkan ketiga formula yang dibuat memenuhi syarat evaluasi fisik sediaan,yaitu formula C karena memiliki bentukya padat.
Kata kunci : Ekstrak daun lamun, Sabun Padat, evaluasi fisik dan uji stabiilitas sediaan.

ABSTRACT

Seagrass (Thalassia hemprichii) is the main plant used as a beauty ingredient, medicine, and pharmaceutical field. which contains alkaloids, tannin flavonoids and phenols. which can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This activity is more effectively made in soap preparations. Soaps that can kill bacteria are known as antiseptic soaps. by using seagrass leaf extract. The purpose of this study is to find out whether seagrass leaf extracts can be formulated in solid soap and to determine the concentration of seagrass leaf extracts (Thalassia hemprichi) that meet the physical evaluation and stability tests of solid soap preparations. The type of research conducted was an experiment by making solid soap preparations. Seagrass leaves were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The extract obtained was then made into a solid soap preparation with a concentration of seagrass extract at 15% (FA), 25% (FB), 35% (FC). The formulation was tested by physical evaluation at room temperature and by cycling test. Evaluation of preparations includes organoleptic, dosage pH, homogeneity, cycling tests and time space. The results of physical evaluation of seagrass leaf extract solid soap which was carried out for 4 weeks showed that the three formulas that were made met the physical evaluation requirements of the preparation, namely formula C because it has a solid form.
Keywords: Seagrass leaves extract, Solid Soap, physical evaluation and stabiility test preparations.
Recht en politiek in de klimaatzaken
Authors: Dupont Vincent 
Published: May 2020

Recht en politiek in de klimaatzaken: Een sleutelrol voor het internationaal recht in de argumentatie van de nationale rechter
Ever since it was published in 2015, the judgment of the The Hague court in the so-called Urgenda-case, and the subsequent decisions of the appellate and cassation courts confirming it, have been met with repeated and vivid critiques. By recognizing the necessity of the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, and furthermore imposing a certain reduction level on the Dutch state, the judgments in the cases at hand gave rise to many questions concerning the position of the judiciary in the matter, and in Dutch society as a whole. This article attempts in the first place to situate the positions of the different actors intervening in the Urgenda-case within a legal-theoretical framework. The contribution subsequently explores the strategic possibilities that an alternative understanding of law could offer to the judges, focusing specifically on the use of legal instruments stemming from international law, brought into the reasoning of the national judge.
Artefatos biológicos artificiais: do modelo imitativo de inteligência artificial ao advento de organismos vivos programados
Authors: Candiotto Kleber 
Published: May 2020

O programa de pesquisa em Inteligência Artificial, desde sua origem, tem a inteligência humana como modelo, e sua reprodução (ou superação) como escopo. Com o objetivo de sustentar a necessidade de um novo modelo de investigação sobre inteligência, a presente pesquisa destaca inicialmente o caráter imitativo da IA clássica mediante as críticas de Searle e Dreyfus ao projeto da IA. Procuramos sustentar que uma abordagem mais ampla de inteligência, como a sugerida por Bickhard, que tem comoreferência os sistemas físicos autossustentáveis recursivamente, partindo da investigação do funcionamento de inteligências primitivas, é a perspectiva mais produtiva para a IA. Para isso, apresentamos o advento dos “xenobots”, os organismos vivos programados, como um marco nesta perspectiva de pesquisa em IA que se desprende do modelo imitativo de inteligência, sem desconsiderar a dimensão interacionista dos organismos vivos, para promover uma “inteligência biológica artificializada”.
Integrated analysis of lymphocyte infiltration-associated lncRNA for ovarian cancer via TCGA, GTEx and GEO datasets
Authors: Wu Meijing , Shang Xiaobin , Sun Yue , Wu Jing , Liu Guoyan 
Published: May 2020

Background
Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) play a significant role in the incidence and progression of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which is a leading cause of mortality among gynecologic malignant tumor patients. In this study, our aim is to identify lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA ) axes that could define more reliable prognostic parameters of HGSOC, and to investigate the lncRNAs’ potential mechanism of in lymphocyte infiltration.

Methods
The RNA-seq and miRNA expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database; while for obtaining the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), miRNAs (DEMs), and genes (DEGs), we used edgeR, limma and DESeq2. After validating the RNA, miRNA and gene expressions, using integrated three RNA expression profiles (GSE18520, GSE27651, GSE54388) and miRNA profile (GSE47841) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analyses through ClusterProfiler. The prognostic value of these genes was determined with Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. The ceRNA network was constructed using Cytoscape. The correlation between lncRNAs in ceRNA network and immune infiltrating cells was analyzed by using Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and gene markers of tumor-infiltrating immune cells were identified using Spearman’s correlation after removing the influence of tumor purity.

Results
A total of 33 DELs (25 upregulated and eight downregulated), 134 DEMs (76 upregulated and 58 downregulated), and 1,612 DEGs (949 upregulated and 663 downregulated) were detected that could be positively correlated with overall survival (OS) of HGSOC. With the 1,612 analyzed genes, we constructed a ceRNA network, which indicated a pre-dominant involvement of the immune-related pathways. Furthermore, our data revealed that LINC00665 influenced the infiltration level of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). On the other hand, FTX and LINC00665, which may play their possible roles through the ceRNA axis, demonstrated a potential to inhibit Tregs and prevent T-cell exhaustion.

Conclusion
We defined several prognostic biomarkers for the incidence and progression of HGSOC and constructed a network for ceRNA axes; among which three were indicated to have a positive correlation with lymphocyte infiltration, namely: FTX-hsa-miR-150-5p-STK11, LINC00665-hsa-miR449b-5p-VAV3 and LINC00665-hsa-miR449b-5p-RRAGD.
Clozapine and hematologic adverse reactions: Impact of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program
Authors: Borrelli Eric P. , Lee Erica Y. , Caffrey Aisling R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
In October 2015, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) instituted an update to the mandatory Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program for clozapine to improve safety monitoring of hematologic events. However, the impact of the clozapine REMS program on reporting of hematologic adverse events has not been quantified.

Methods
We assessed adverse event reports for agranulocytosis, granulocytopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for a 1-year time period before (October 2014 to September 2015, pre-REMS) and after (October 2015 to September 2016, post-REMS) the implementation of the clozapine REMS program. The AERSMine platform was used to capture historical effect estimates (October 2004 to September 2014). Reporting odds ratios (ROR), proportional reporting ratios (PRR), and corresponding Taylor series 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for hematologic events with clozapine compared with all other medications using OpenEpi.

Results
Reporting rates for agranulocytosis, granulocytopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia with clozapine all increased from the pre-REMS to post-REMS time frames, ranging from a 2-fold increase with leukopenia to a 40-fold increase with neutropenia; the composite measure of all hematologic reports had a 12-fold increase. During the post-REMS time frame, the ROR increased by 1691% (111.4, 95% CI 100.6-123.4) compared with the pre-REMS time frame (7.1, 95% CI 5.2-9.6), and the PRR increased by 1280% (83.1, 95% CI 76.8-90.0 vs 6.9, 95% CI 5.1-9.4) for the composite outcome.

Discussion
We observed significant increases in reports of hematologic adverse events with clozapine after the introduction of the clozapine REMS program. Future research should explore the impact of the less stringent exclusionary and discontinuation criteria on utilization (eg, expanded access) and clinical outcomes (eg, treatment effectiveness and adverse events).
Desvenlafaxine-associated hyperglycemia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Mekonnen Andrea D. , Mills Aubrey A. , Wilhite Andrea L. , Hoffman Theresa K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Desvenlafaxine is a potent selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used to treat depression and anxiety. Several antidepressants have been associated with drug-induced hyperglycemia, but currently there are no reports for desvenlafaxine. A case of suspected desvenlafaxine-induced hyperglycemia is presented involving a 59-year-old female with type 2 diabetes whose average blood glucose increased by 30 mg/dL for fasting blood glucose and 75 mg/dL for postprandial blood glucose 1 month after switching from venlafaxine to desvenlafaxine. Prior to starting desvenlafaxine, she was stable on metformin 1000 mg twice daily, insulin glargine 8 units daily, and dulaglutide 1.5 mg once weekly. Over the course of 3 months after desvenlafaxine initiation, insulin glargine was increased and insulin lispro was initiated as the patient refused alternative antidepressant therapy due to favorable improvements in anxiety and depression. No other cause for elevated blood glucose could be elucidated. The Naranjo scale resulted in a score of 3, indicating a possible cause for the adverse drug reaction. Antidepressants have been associated with glucose dysregulation. However, literature also demonstrates improved glycemic control in treated versus untreated depression. If altered glucose levels are noted, all potential causative factors should be evaluated and risks and benefits weighed to guide therapy.
Stiff-person syndrome in a patient with comorbid bipolar and panic disorders: A case report and literature review
Authors: Patel Karishma , Stummer Lauren , Patel Krina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a neurologic disorder characterized by muscle stiffness, rigidity, and muscle spasms, and it can increase a patient's risk for falls. It is recognized as a rare disease with limited clinical guidelines to manage the condition and its symptoms. Currently, there is even less clinical guidance for the management of common comorbid conditions in these patients. This patient case report aims to evaluate the efficacy of various medications for symptom management in a patient with SPS and comorbid psychiatric disorders, specifically bipolar I and panic disorder. Throughout the patient's course of treatment, various medications were trialed, including fluoxetine, hydroxyzine, valproic acid, propranolol, and clonazepam. Ultimately, fluoxetine, hydroxyzine, and propranolol were discontinued due to adverse drug reactions and incomplete symptom resolution. The patient's bipolar I disorder was adequately managed with valproic acid. Once the clonazepam was changed from as-needed to scheduled dosing, the patient's panic disorder and anxiety-triggered spasms were well controlled. The efficacy of benzodiazepines, specifically high doses of diazepam, in alleviating muscle spasms and anxiety in SPS has been demonstrated in the literature. Case reports including patients with SPS that are prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors provide controversial evidence as some studies report exacerbation of SPS symptoms with prolonged use. As this case report and literature review suggest, patients with SPS and comorbid panic disorder and anxiety-triggered spasms may benefit from the use of benzodiazepines. The use of other medication classes for the treatment of other comorbid psychiatric disorders in a patient with SPS is lacking evidence.