bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Compaction Trends of Anisotropic Elastic Properties of Shales
Authors: Yurikov Alexey , Pervukhina Marina , Beloborodov Roman , Delle Piane Claudio , Dewhurst David N. , Lebedev Maxim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractModeling of anisotropic elastic moduli of shales is a long‐standing problem in rock physics. Every year, industry and academia conduct hundreds of measurements of elastic and geomechanical properties of shales complemented with detailed mineralogical analysis, electron microscopy, and microtomographic images. However, a predictive theoretical model, which would be able to predict elastic properties of shale based on its detailed characterization, is still lacking. This is due to the complex multicomponent nature of shales which leads to multiparametric character of the modeling. It is extremely challenging to separate and investigate effects of these multiple parameters individually on natural shale samples. In this work, we analyze a unique data set of elastic properties measured on two artificial shales compacted with carefully controlled mineralogy, microstructure, and porosity. We developed a new modeling approach that consists of four steps that take into account effects of (1) the orientation of clay particles, (2) porosity, (3) silt fraction, and (4) the stiffness of contacts between clay particles. Three of these four steps require only measurable parameters and, only at the final step, the effect of unknown parameters (namely, contact properties of clay platelets) are accounted for. Further, the obtained contact properties are shown to be in a good agreement with the contact properties estimated for natural shale samples. Finally, we demonstrate the effect of each of these identified parameters on elastic coefficients and Thomsen's anisotropic parameters.
An Integrated Paleomagnetic, Multimethod‐Paleointensity, and Radiometric Study on Cretaceous and Paleogene Lavas From the Lesser Caucasus: Geomagnetic and Tectonic Implications
Authors: Calvo‐Rathert M. , Bógalo M. F. , Morales J. , Goguitchaichvili A. , Lebedev V. A. , Vashakidze G. , García‐Redondo N. , Herrero‐Bervera E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSixteen rhyolitic and dacitic Cretaceous and Paleocene‐Eocene lavas from the Lesser Caucasus have been subjected to paleomagnetic and multimethod paleointensity experiments to analyze the variations of the Earth's magnetic field. Paleointensity experiments were performed with two methods. Thellier‐type experiments with the IZZI method on 65 specimens (nine flows) yielded 15 successful determinations and experiments with the multispecimen method on 14 samples (seven flows) yielded two successful determinations. The joint analysis of the results obtained with both methods produced a mean FuK = (19.9 ± 3.7) µT for upper Cretaceous and FPg = (20.7 ± 3.3) µT for Paleogene sites. Low virtual axial dipole moments for the Cretaceous (3.4 × 1022 Am2) and Paleogene (3.5 × 1022 Am2) samples support the idea of a lower average dipole moment during periods of stable polarity of the Earth magnetic field. Mean flow paleomagnetic directions did not match expected upper Cretaceous to Paleogene directions calculated from the European Apparent Polar Wander Path. While inclination results roughly agreed with expected values, a group of sites showed nearly North‐South paleodeclinations (D = 1.1° ± 14.2°), and another group displayed eastward deviated paleodeclinations (D = 72.9° ± 26.6°). These results suggest the occurrence of nearly vertical‐axis rotations, probably as a result of continental collision since Oligocene. In addition to paleomagnetic and palaeointensity analyses, new K‐Ar absolute age determinations have been performed on three of the studied sites, yielding Late Cretaceous ages (78.7 ± 1.7, 79.7 ± 1.6, and 83.4 ± 1.8 Ma (2σ)).
Axisymmetric investigation of differential rotation in contracting stellar radiative zones
Authors: Gouhier B. , Lignières F. , Jouve L. 
Published: December 2020

Context. Stars experience rapid contraction or expansion at different phases of their evolution. Modelling the transport of angular momentum and the transport of chemical elements occurring during these phases remains an unsolved problem.
Aims. We study a stellar radiative zone undergoing radial contraction and investigate the induced differential rotation and meridional circulation.
Methods. We consider a rotating spherical layer crossed by an imposed radial velocity field that mimics the contraction, and numerically solve the axisymmetric hydrodynamical equations in both the Boussinesq and anelastic approximations. An extensive parametric study is conducted to cover regimes of contraction, rotation, stable stratification, and density stratification that are relevant for stars.
Results. The differential rotation and the meridional circulation result from a competition between the contraction-driven inward transport of angular momentum and an outward transport dominated by either viscosity or an Eddington–Sweet-type circulation, depending on the value of the Pr(N0/Ω0)2 parameter, where Pr is the Prandtl number, N0 the Brunt–Väisäilä frequency, and Ω0 the rotation rate. Taking the density stratification into account is important to study more realistic radial contraction fields, and also because the resulting flow is less affected by unwanted effects of the boundary conditions. In these different regimes and for a weak differential rotation we derive scaling laws that relate the amplitude of the differential rotation to the contraction timescale.
Hip arthroscopy via a peripheral compartment first capsular-preserving technique: a step-by-step description
Authors: Tang Hao-Che , Brockwell Jason , Dienst Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hip arthroscopy is a well-recognized procedure for the treatment of several hip pathologies. Different methods of arthroscopic access to the hip have been published. The most popular approach is the central compartment first technique, where the first portal to the central compartment is placed under traction and fluoroscopic control. This technique, however, carries the risk of iatrogenic damage to the cartilage and labrum, especially when adequate distraction cannot be obtained. In addition, secondary exposure of the peripheral compartment frequently requires larger capsulotomies. The current article is to describe an alternative arthroscopic approach to the hip with the peripheral compartment being first accessed. The peripheral compartment first technique offers the advantages of a limited capsular release for peripheral compartment exposure and a reduced risk of iatrogenic cartilage and labrum damage during subsequent central compartment portal placement.
Spot auto-focusing and spot auto-stigmation methods with high-definition auto-correlation function in high-resolution TEM
Authors: Isakozawa Shigeto , Fuse Taishi , Amano Junpei , Baba Norio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs alternatives to the diffractogram-based method in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, a spot auto-focusing (AF) method and a spot auto-stigmation (AS) method are presented with a unique high-definition auto-correlation function (HD-ACF). The HD-ACF clearly resolves the ACF central peak region in small amorphous-thin-film images, reflecting the phase contrast transfer function. At a 300-k magnification for a 120-kV transmission electron microscope, the smallest areas used are 64 × 64 pixels (~3 nm2) for the AF and 256 × 256 pixels for the AS. A useful advantage of these methods is that the AF function has an allowable accuracy even for a low s/n (~1.0) image. A reference database on the defocus dependency of the HD-ACF by the pre-acquisition of through-focus amorphous-thin-film images must be prepared to use these methods. This can be very beneficial because the specimens are not limited to approximations of weak phase objects but can be extended to objects outside such approximations.
Long-term Survival After Minimally Invasive Versus Open Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Kalff Marianne C. , Fransen Laura F.C. , de Groot Eline M. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A.P. , Ruurda Jelle P. , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , Luyer Misha D.P. , van Hillegersberg Richard , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. ,   on behalf of the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit group
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
This study aimed to compare long-term survival following MIE versus OE for esophageal cancer using a nationwide propensity-score matched cohort.

Summary of Background Data:
MIE provides lower postoperative morbidity and mortality, and similar short-term oncological quality compared to OE.

Methods:
Data was acquired from the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit. Patients undergoing minimally invasive or open, transthoracic or transhiatal esophagectomy for primary esophageal cancer between 2011 and 2015 were included. A propensity-score matching analysis for MIE versus OE was performed separately for transthoracic and transhiatal esoph-agectomies.

Results:
A total of 1036 transthoracic MIE and OE patients, and 582 transhiatal MIE and OE patients were matched. Long-term survival was comparable for MIE and OE for both transthoracic and transhiatal procedures (5-year overall survival: transthoracic MIE 49.2% vs OE 51.1%, P 0.695; transhiatal MIE 48.4% vs OE 50.7%, P 0.832). For both procedures, MIE yielded more lymph nodes (transthoracic median 21 vs 18, P < 0.001; transhiatal 15 vs 13, P 0.007). Postoperative morbidity was comparable after transthoracic MIE and OE (60.8% vs 64.9%, P 0.177), with a reduced length of stay after transthoracic MIE (median 12 vs 15 days, P < 0.001). After transhiatal MIE, more postoperative complications (64.9% vs 56.4%, P 0.034) were observed, without subsequent difference in length of stay.

Conclusion:
Long-term survival after MIE was equivalent to open in both propensity-score matched cohorts of patients undergoing transthoracic or transhiatal esophageal resections. Transhiatal MIE was accompanied with
more postoperative morbidity. Both transthoracic and transhiatal MIE resulted in a more extended lymphadenectomy.
Adducin Regulates Sarcomere Disassembly During Cardiomyocyte Mitosis
Authors: Xiao Feng , Wang Ping , Li Shujuan , Thet Suwannee , Canseco Diana C. , Kimura Wataru , Luo Xiang , Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Nhi , Lam Nicholas , Elhelaly Waleed , Singh Rohit , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Kanchwala Mohammed , Xing Chao , Hajjar Roger J. , Hill Joseph A. , Sadek Hesham A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent interest in understanding cardiomyocyte cell-cycle has been driven by potential therapeutic applications in cardiomyopathy. However, despite recent advances, cardiomyocyte mitosis remains a poorly understood process. For example, it is unclear how sarcomeres are disassembled during mitosis to allow abscission of daughter cardiomyocytes. Here we identify adducin as a regulator of sarcomere disassembly during mammalian cardiomyocyte mitosis. α/γ-adducins are selectively expressed in neonatal mitotic cardiomyocytes, and their levels decline precipitously thereafter. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of various splice isoforms and phosphoforms of α-adducin in-vitro and in-vivo identified Thr445/Thr480 phosphorylation of a short isoform of α adducin as a potent inducer of neonatal cardiomyocyte sarcomere disassembly. Concomitant overexpression of this α-adducin variant along with γ-adducin resulted in stabilization of the adducin complex and persistent sarcomere disassembly in adult mice, which is mediated by interaction with α-actinin. These results highlight an important mechanism for coordination of cytoskeletal morphological changes during cardiomyocyte mitosis.
Noise and landscape features influence habitat use of mammalian herbivores in a natural gas field
Authors: Kleist Nathan J. , Buxton Rachel T. , Lendrum Patrick E. , Linares Carlos , Crooks Kevin R. , Wittemyer George 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Anthropogenic noise is a complex disturbance known to elicit a variety of responses in wild animals. Most studies examining the effects of noise on wildlife focus on vocal species, although theory suggests that the acoustic environment influences non‐vocal species as well.

Common mammalian prey species, like mule deer and hares and rabbits (members of the family Leporidae), rely on acoustic cues for information regarding predation, but the impacts of noise on their behaviour has received little attention.

We paired acoustic recorders with camera traps to explore how average daily levels of anthropogenic noise from natural gas activity impacted occupancy and detection of mammalian herbivores in an energy field in the production phase of development. We consider the effects of noise in the context of several physical landscape variables associated with natural gas infrastructure that are known to influence habitat use patterns in mule deer.

Our results suggest that mule deer detection probability was influenced by the interaction between physical landscape features and anthropogenic noise, with noise strongly reducing habitat use. In contrast, leporid habitat use was not related to noise but was influenced by landscape features. Notably, mule deer showed a stronger predicted negative response to roads with high noise exposure.

This study highlights the complex interactions of anthropogenic disturbance and wildlife distribution and presents important evidence that the effects of anthropogenic noise should be considered in research focused on non‐vocal specialist species and management plans for mule deer and other large ungulates.
Legacy effect of grazing intensity mediates the bottom‐up controls of resource addition on soil food webs
Authors: Wang Bing , Wu Ying , Chen Dima , Hu Shuijin , Bai Yongfei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Large‐scale studies have demonstrated that nitrogen (N) and water (W) availabilities greatly affect terrestrial ecosystems world‐wide, and this is especially true for the resource‐poor semi‐arid grasslands. Yet, experimental evidence is lacking for how N and W availabilities affect soil food webs across historical grazing intensity‐altered environments at a local scale.

Here, we included N‐ and W‐addition treatments in an 8‐year grazing experiment (with four grazing intensities) to determine how the legacy effects of grazing intensity mediate the responses of key components of soil food webs (plants, micro‐organisms and nematodes) to resource addition in a semi‐arid grassland.

After 4 years of N‐ and W‐addition treatments (with no grazing during that 4‐year period), we found that a legacy of grazing, even light grazing, had significant negative effects on the components of plant community and soil food webs. Both N and W addition increased above‐ and below‐ground plant biomass, especially under moderate and heavy grazing. N addition had negative effects on the biomass of bacteria under no grazing, while W addition increased the biomass of actinomycetes under light grazing. N addition decreased the abundance of omnivorous + carnivorous nematodes under light and heavy grazing, while W addition increased their abundance under heavy grazing. Overall, the effects of resource addition on soil food webs progressively decreased from the lowest trophic level (primary producers, i.e. plants), to intermediate trophic levels (micro‐organisms and root‐feeding nematodes), to higher trophic levels (microbial‐feeding nematodes and omnivorous + carnivorous nematodes).

Synthesis and applications. Our results, which are the first data concerning the effects of resource addition on key components of soil food webs across a historical grazing‐induced environmental gradient, show that the strong bottom‐up controls of resource addition on soil food webs are mediated by the legacy of grazing intensity. These findings should be useful for predicting the responses of grassland ecosystems to future climate change and suggest that the recovery of degraded grasslands will require more than restoration measure of resource inputs alone.
Dielectric properties of Mexican sauces for microwave‐assisted pasteurization process
Authors: Hernandez‐Gomez Edel‐Serafin , Olvera‐Cervantes Jose‐Luis , Sosa‐Morales Maria‐Elena , Corona‐Vazquez Benito , Corona‐Chavez Alonso , Lujan‐Hidalgo Maria‐Celina , Kataria Tejinder‐Kaur 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe dielectric properties and specifically the complex relative permittivity of foods are key elements for the design of pasteurization processes with high frequency electromagnetic waves. Mexican sauces are recognized worldwide for their flavor and nutritional properties. In this work, the complex permittivity of four of the most representative sauces of Mexican cuisine (chipotle chili, habanero chili, red and green sauce) is presented. The permittivity was measured with the open coaxial probe method at temperatures of 25, 40, 55, 70, 85 °C and in the frequency range of 500 MHz to 6 GHz. Additionally, moisture content, specific heat, viscosity, water activity, density and electrical conductivity are reported, these last three at 25 °C. Dielectric properties were affected by the sauce formulation. The loss factor of each sauce sample at any temperature presents significant changes in relation to the frequency. At 915 and 2,450 MHz, , which would cause a thermal runaway effect or the uncontrolled rise in temperature in the sauces during the microwave pasteurization. At 5,800 MHz, , which would give better control for microwave heating than at 915 and 2,450 MHz. At 915 MHz, the loss factor of all sauces is higher than at 2,450 and 5,800 MHz, therefore, more rapid heating can be produced. Moreover, at 915 MHz, microwaves exhibit higher penetration depth than at 2,450 and 5,800 MHz; therefore, at 915 MHz, the greatest uniform microwave dielectric heating would be achieved. Thus, 915 MHz is the frequency recommended for the studied sauces pasteurization.Practical ApplicationThis work provides the dielectric properties of Mexican sauces at different temperatures and their penetration depths in the microwave range, which are key information for further microwave‐assisted pasteurization process and for getting safer sauces for consumers. Moreover, this research supplies suggestions about what frequency for ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) applications is the best for microwave‐assisted pasteurization according to the penetration depth of the electromagnetic wave in the sauces and microwave dielectric heating speed of the sauces.
Label‐free proteomic dissection on dptP‐deletion mutant uncovers dptP involvement in strain growth and daptomycin tolerance of Streptomyces roseosporus
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wang Xixi , Ye Yang , He Yu , He Fuqiang , Tian Yongqiang , Luo Yunzi , Liang Shufang 
Published: December 2020

SummaryDaptomycin (DAP) is a novel microbial lipopeptide antibiotic synthesized by the DAP biosynthetic gene cluster dpt of Streptomyces roseosporus (S. roseosporus). DptP gene locates upstream of dpt and confers DAP resistance to Streptomyces ambofaciens (S. ambofaciens). So far, the biological functions of dptP gene for S. roseosporus growth are still completely uncovered. We performed label‐free quantification proteomic dissections with loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments to decipher dptP‐involved functions. Deletion of dptP gene activated energy metabolism and metabolism of secondary metabolites pathways and enhanced the transcription levels and protein abundance of key members of the dpt cluster. Whereas dptP deletion inhibited transport/signal transduction and drug resistance pathways and protein abundance of cell division‐relative proteins, subsequently decreased mycelia cell growth rate. S. roseosporus strain with dptP deletion was more sensitive to DAP treatment compared to the wild type. In contrast, overexpression of dptP gene decreased transcription levels of DAP biosynthetic genes and enhanced growth rate of Streptomcyes strain upon elevated culture temperature and DAP supplementation. Taken together, dptP gene contributes to Streptomcyes primary growth under elevated temperature and DAP treatment, whereas it plays negative roles on metabolism of secondary metabolites and transcription of DAP biosynthetic genes.
Antiallergic drug desloratadine as a selective antagonist of 5HT2A receptor ameliorates pathology of Alzheimer's disease model mice by improving microglial dysfunction
Authors: Lu Jian , Zhang Chuzhao , Lv Jianlu , Zhu Xialin , Jiang Xingwu , Lu Weiqiang , Lu Yin , Tang Zongxiang , Wang Jiaying , Shen Xu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressively neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive deficits and alteration of personality and behavior. As yet, there is no efficient treatment for AD. 5HT2A receptor (5HT2AR) is a subtype of 5HT2 receptor belonging to the serotonin receptor family, and its antagonists have been clinically used as antipsychotics to relieve psychopathy. Here, we discovered that clinically first‐line antiallergic drug desloratadine (DLT) functioned as a selective antagonist of 5HT2AR and efficiently ameliorated pathology of APP/PS1 mice. The underlying mechanism has been intensively investigated by assay against APP/PS1 mice with selective 5HT2AR knockdown in the brain treated by adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐ePHP‐si‐5HT2AR. DLT reduced amyloid plaque deposition by promoting microglial Aβ phagocytosis and degradation, and ameliorated innate immune response by polarizing microglia to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype. It stimulated autophagy process and repressed neuroinflammation through 5HT2AR/cAMP/PKA/CREB/Sirt1 pathway, and activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) nuclear translocation to upregulate the transcriptions of phagocytic receptors TLR2 and TLR4 in response to microglial phagocytosis stimulation. Together, our work has highly supported that 5HT2AR antagonism might be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD and highlighted the potential of DLT in the treatment of this disease.
Comparative swimming performance and behaviour of three benthic fish species: The invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), the native bullhead (Cottus gobio), and the native gudgeon (Gobio gobio)
Authors: Egger Bernd , Wiegleb Joschka , Seidel Frank , Burkhardt‐Holm Patricia , Emanuel Hirsch Philipp 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEfforts to restore river ecosystem connectivity focus predominantly on diadromous, economically important fish species, and less attention is given to nonmigratory, small‐bodied, benthic fish species. Data on benthic fish swimming performance and behaviour in comparison with ecologically similar native species are especially relevant for the study of one of the most successful invaders in the last decades: the Ponto‐Caspian gobiid species Neogobius melanostomus. To evaluate future measures against its further upstream dispersal, we conducted comparative swimming performance and behaviour experiments with round goby and two native species: the European bullhead (Cottus gobio) and the gudgeon (Gobio gobio). Experiments in a swim tunnel revealed a high variation in the swimming performance and behaviour within and among the three species. Gudgeon performed best in both Ucrit and Usprint experiments and displayed a rather continuous, subcarangiform swimming mode, whereas bullhead and round goby displayed a burst‐and‐hold swimming mode. Experiments in a vertical slot pass model, which contained a hydraulic barrier as a challenge to upstream movement, confirmed the high swimming performance of gudgeon. Gudgeon dispersed upstream even across the hydraulic barrier at the highest flow velocities. Round goby showed a higher capability to disperse upstream than bullhead, but failed to pass the hydraulic barrier. Our results on comparative swimming performance and behaviour can inform predictive distribution modelling and range expansion models, and also inform the design of selective barriers to prevent the round goby from dispersing farther upstream.