bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Father Knows Best: “Protecting” Women through State Surveillance and Social Control in Anti‐Abortion Policy
Authors: Doan Alesha E. , Schwarz Corinne 
Published: January 2020

Drawing on a feminist surveillance and social control framework, we conduct a manifest and latent content analysis of anti‐abortion policies passed in the United States in either a state's House or Senate from 2010 to 2015 to systematically assess the scope, content, and implicit meaning of 282 anti‐abortion bills. We find that out of the 727 anti‐abortion measures contained in this legislation, 622 incorporate surveillance, and social control mechanisms that operate together to socially construct women as a dependent population in need of government protection on two fronts: protection for women and their “unborn,” and protection from abortion providers. Fusing together womanhood and motherhood, these policies essentialize motherhood, depicting women as an uninformed group in need of protection from their own ignorance and the practices of abortion providers who are constructed as an unethical group of health‐care practitioners.Related ArticlesHussey, Laura S. 2013. “Crisis Pregnancy Centers, Poverty, and the Expanding Frontiers of American Abortion Politics.”Politics & Policy41 (6): 985‐1011.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12054Medoff, Marshall H. 2010. “State Abortion Policy and the Long‐Term Impact of Parental Involvement Laws.”Politics & Policy38 (2): 193‐221.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00235.xWolff, Kristina B. 2011. “Panic in the ER: Maternal Drug Use, the Right to Bodily Integrity, Privacy, and Informed Consent.”Politics & Policy39 (5): 679‐714.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00313.x
Who Owns What, and Why? The Origins of Issue Ownership Beliefs
Authors: Craig Stephen C. , Cossette Paulina S. 
Published: January 2020

Most research on issue ownership examines the topic as an independent variable that may shape campaign strategy or voter behavior. In contrast, our study looks at ownership as a dependent variable. Specifically, we employ a national Internet survey of registered U.S. voters to gauge the extent to which such judgments are influenced by individual‐level factors other than partisan identity. We find that while partisanship shapes ownership beliefs to a considerable degree, policy preferences and performance evaluations have significant effects across a range of valence and position issues. While feelings of ambivalence toward the in‐ or out‐party do not have a consistent effect on ownership beliefs, higher out‐party ambivalence reduces the probability that citizens will identify their own party as owning most issues. It is therefore premature, and probably incorrect, to assume that perceived ownership is little more than an expression of a person's partisan attachment or intended vote.Related ArticlesBernick, Ethan M., and Nathan Myers. 2012. “Issue Salience, Party Strength, and the Adoption of Health‐Care Expansion Efforts.” Politics & Policy 40 (1): 131‐159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00340.xGrossmann, Matt. 2014. “The Varied Effects of Policy Cues on Partisan Opinions.” Politics & Policy 42 (6): 881‐904. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12102Kim, Eun Kyung. 2019. “Issue Ownership and Strategic Policy Choice in Multiparty Africa.” Politics & Policy 47 (5): 956‐983. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12327Related MediaBrenan, Megan. 2019. “Democrats Maintain Favorability Edge over Republicans.” September 30. https://news.gallup.com/poll/267122/democrats-maintain-favorability-edge-republicans.aspxHook, Janet. 2018. “Tax Overhaul Remains Unpopular, Poll Shows.” April 16. https://www.wsj.com/articles/tax-overhaul-remains-unpopular-poll-shows-1523912555Pew Research Center. 2015. “GOP’s Favorability Rating Takes a Negative Turn.” July 23. https://www.people-press.org/2015/07/23/gops-favorability-rating-takes-a-negative-turn/
Diversifying Conspiracy Beliefs and Populist Ideologies in the Chinese Context
Authors: Guan Tianru , Yang Yilu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile previous research suggests that conspiratorial reasoning and populist ideology often walk hand‐in‐hand, this study explores their correlations by considering their internal heterogeneity in the sociopolitical context of China. Through an online survey (N = 807), the present investigation identifies two subtypes of populism (right‐ vs. responsibility‐oriented), alongside two subtypes of conspiracy beliefs (pro‐system vs. anti‐system), and examines the associations between them. The results demonstrate that while China's right‐oriented populism is positively correlated with anti‐system conspiratorial beliefs, it has no significant correlations with pro‐system conspiracy thinking. Responsibility‐driven populism, however, is positively correlated with pro‐system conspiratorial mindsets, and negatively correlated with anti‐system conspiratorial beliefs. This study moves away from viewing populism and conspiracy belief as homogeneous concepts, providing an often‐neglected Chinese context for these political–psychological ideations.
Different coding strategy of sound information between GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the auditory midbrain
Authors: Ito Tetsufumi 
Published: January 2020

Key points
In the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC), which acts as the hub of the auditory pathways, how the sound is coded by distinct cell types is largely unknown.
Large GABAergic cells are tuned broadly to pure tones and respond more strongly to frequency‐modulated sweeps than small GABAergic and glutamatergic (GLU) cells.
Neurons, especially GLU cells, which share sharpness of tuning and sweep sensitivity, were spatially clustered inside the ICC.
The difference in responsiveness between cell types was partially explained by the morphology of dendritic trees and the spatial distributions of excitatory and inhibitory inputs.
The results suggest that each ICC cell type has a particular sound‐encoding strategy, which is partially determined by the morphological characteristics and location of cells, and contributes information coding in higher centres in different ways.
AbstractThe rules governing the encoding of sound information in the higher auditory centres are largely unknown. In the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC), which acts as the hub of the auditory pathways, the presence of functional maps other than tonotopicity has been suggested but not established, due to significant heterogeneity in the response properties of single microdomains. Since each ICC cell type has distinct neuronal circuitry, each cell type might encode sound information differently. Here, juxtacellular recording from rat ICC of both sexes revealed that large GABAergic (LG), small GABAergic (SG) and glutamatergic (GLU) cells encode sound information differently. LG cells are broadly tuned and respond more strongly to frequency‐modulated sweeps than SG and GLU cells. At a population level, responsiveness to sweeps is location dependent: the responsiveness to sweeps is shared in local clusters of GLU cells, whereas that to directional selectivity of sweeps is shared in local clusters of LG cells. The difference in responsiveness between cell types was partially explained by the morphology of dendritic trees and the spatial distributions of excitatory and inhibitory inputs. LG neurons had a dense local axonal plexus with projection fibres to multiple distant targets, whereas GLU projection neurons mainly aimed at a single, distant target and had less dense local collaterals. These results suggest that each ICC cell type has a particular sound‐encoding strategy, which is partially determined by the morphological characteristics and location of the cell, and the different cell types contribute information coding in higher centres in different ways.
Ultrafast Laser Applications in Manufacturing Processes: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Lei Shuting , Zhao Xin , Yu Xiaoming , Hu Anming , Vukelic Sinisa , Jun Martin B. G. , Joe Hang-Eun , Yao Y. Lawrence , Shin Yung C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With the invention of chirped pulse amplification for lasers in the mid-1980s, high power ultrafast lasers entered into the world as a disruptive tool, with potential impact on a broad range of application areas. Since then, ultrafast lasers have revolutionized laser–matter interaction and unleashed their potential applications in manufacturing processes. With unprecedented short pulse duration and high laser intensity, focused optical energy can be delivered to precisely define material locations on a time scale much faster than thermal diffusion to the surrounding area. This unique characteristic has fundamentally changed the way laser interacts with matter and enabled numerous manufacturing innovations over the past few decades. In this paper, an overview of ultrafast laser technology with an emphasis on femtosecond laser is provided first, including its development, type, working principle, and characteristics. Then, ultrafast laser applications in manufacturing processes are reviewed, with a focus on micro/nanomachining, surface structuring, thin film scribing, machining in bulk of materials, additive manufacturing, bio manufacturing, super high resolution machining, and numerical simulation. Both fundamental studies and process development are covered in this review. Insights gained on ultrafast laser interaction with matter through both theoretical and numerical researches are summarized. Manufacturing process innovations targeting various application areas are described. Industrial applications of ultrafast laser-based manufacturing processes are illustrated. Finally, future research directions in ultrafast laser-based manufacturing processes are discussed.
A Translational Three-Degrees-of-Freedom Parallel Mechanism With Partial Motion Decoupling and Analytic Direct Kinematics
Authors: Shen Huiping , Chablat Damien , Zeng Boxiong , Li Ju , Wu Guanglei , Yang Ting-Li 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
According to the topological design theory and the method of parallel mechanism (PM) based on position and orientation characteristic (POC) equations, this paper studied a three-degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF) translational PM that has three advantages, i.e., (i) it consists of three fixed actuated prismatic joints, (ii) the PM has analytic solutions to the direct and inverse kinematic problems, and (iii) the PM is of partial motion decoupling property. First, the main topological characteristics, such as the POC, degree-of-freedom, and coupling degree, were calculated for kinematic modeling. Thanks to these properties, the direct and inverse kinematic problems can be readily solved. Further, the conditions of the singular configurations of the PM were analyzed, which corresponds to its partial motion decoupling property.
Preseason shoulder range of motion screening and in-season risk of shoulder and elbow injuries in overhead athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pozzi Federico , Plummer Hillary A , Shanley Ellen , Thigpen Charles A , Bauer Chase , Wilson Melissa L , Michener Lori A 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo characterise whether preseason screening of shoulder range of motion (ROM) is associated with the risk of shoulder and elbow injuries in overhead athletes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesSix electronic databases up to 22 September 2018.Eligibility criteriaInclusion criteria were (1) overhead athletes from Olympic or college sports, (2) preseason measures of shoulder ROM, (3) tracked in-season injuries at the shoulder and elbow, and (4) prospective cohort design. Exclusion criteria were (1) included contact injuries, (2) lower extremity, spine and hand injuries, and (3) full report not published in English.ResultsFifteen studies were identified, and they included 3314 overhead athletes (baseball (74.6%), softball (3.1%), handball (16.1%), tennis (2.0%), volleyball (2.0%) and swimming (2.2%)). Female athletes are unrepresented (12% of the overall sample). Study quality ranged from 11 to 18 points on a modified Downs and Black checklist (maximum score 21, better quality). In one study, swimmers with low (<93°) or high (>100°) shoulder external rotation were at higher risk of injuries. Using data pooled from three studies of professional baseball pitchers, we showed in the meta-analysis that shoulder external rotation insufficiency (throwing arm <5° greater than the non-throwing arm) was associated with injury (odds ratio=1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.24 to 2.92, p<0.01).ConclusionPreseason screening of shoulder external rotation ROM may identify professional baseball pitchers and swimmers at risk of injury. Shoulder ROM screening may not be effective to identify handball, softball, volleyball and tennis players at risk of injuries. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of studies and their high degree of heterogeneity.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017072895.
Mouthguard use in youth ice hockey and the risk of concussion: nested case–control study of 315 cases
Authors: Chisholm Dirk A , Black Amanda Marie , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Eliason Paul H , Schneider Kathryn J , Emery Carolyn A , Hagel Brent E 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundConcussion is the most common injury in youth ice hockey. Whether mouthguard use lowers the odds of concussion remains an unanswered question.ObjectiveTo determine the association between concussion and mouthguard use in youth ice hockey.MethodsNested case–control design. Cases and controls were identified from two prospective cohort studies using valid injury surveillance methods. Cases were players concussed during a game or practice; controls were players who sustained a non-concussion injury during a game or practice. The primary exposure was mouthguard use at time of injury; mouthguard type (dental custom fit or off the shelf) was a secondary exposure. Physician-diagnosed or therapist-suspected concussion was the primary outcome. Dental injury was a secondary outcome. Multilevel logistic regression with random effect at a team level was used to obtain ORs for the mouthguard effect, adjusted for level of play, age group, position, concussion history, mechanism of injury, cohort, session type and body checking policy.ResultsAmong cases, 236/315 (75%) were wearing a mouthguard at time of injury, while 224/270 (83%) controls were wearing a mouthguard at time of injury. Any mouthguard use was associated with an adjusted OR for concussion of 0.36 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.73). Off-the-shelf mouthguards were associated with a 69% lower odds of concussion (adjusted OR: 0.31; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.65). Dental custom-fit mouthguards were associated with a non-significant 49% lower odds of concussion (adjusted OR: 0.51; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.10). No dental injuries were identified in either cohort.ConclusionMouthguard use was associated with lower odds of concussion. Players should be required to wear mouthguards in youth ice hockey.
Adherence to lipid-lowering therapy and risk for cardiovascular disease and death in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study from the Swedish National Diabetes Register
Authors: Hero Christel , Karlsson Sofia Axia , Franzén Stefan , Svensson Ann-Marie , Miftaraj Mervete , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Andersson Sundell Karolina , Eliasson Björn , Eeg-Olofsson Katarina 
Published: January 2020

Aims/hypothesisDyslipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor and lipid-lowering treatment (LLT) is essential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies in type 2 diabetes indicate that low adherence to statin therapy is a barrier to reach full protective potential, and less is known in type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim was to assess risk of CVD by adherence and nonpersistence to LLT in T1D. MethodA population-based study with a retrospective longitudinal design was conducted between 2006 and 2010, with follow-up until December 2013. In total, 6192 adult individuals with T1D, initiating LLT between 2006 and 2010, were included. Information on LLT, socioeconomic characteristics, comorbidities and cardiovascular events were collected. After 18 months, refill adherence was estimated by calculating medication possession ratio (MPR). Nonpersistence was defined as being without medicines on hand for at least 180 days. Individuals were thereafter followed until CVD, death or end of follow-up in December 2013. Cox regression analyses were performed to assess adherence level and nonpersistence of LLT as predictor of CVD. Analyses were adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and socioeconomic status.  ResultsMean MPR was 72%, 52% of the participants had an MPR above 80% and 27% discontinued LLT. There were 637 nonfatal and 58 fatal CVD events, mean follow-up 3.6 and 3.9 years, respectively. MPR above 80% was associated with reduced risk for nonfatal CVD compared with lower MPR, HR 0.78 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.93)). For fatal CVD, results indicated a negative effect of high adherence but the association did not reach statistical significance, HR 1.96 (0.96 to 4.01). Individuals discontinuing LLT had higher risk of nonfatal CVD, HR 1.43 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.73). Conclusions/InterpretationIn T1D, the risk for nonfatal CVD was lower among individuals with high adherence and higher among those discontinuing LLT within 18 months. It is important to evaluate and emphasize adherence to prescribed LLT at clinical visits to achieve treatment goals and reduce the risk of CVD.
Frailty predicts a higher risk of incident urolithiasis in 525 368 patients with diabetes mellitus: a population-based study
Authors: Chao Chia-Ter , Wang Jui , Huang Jenq-Wen , Hung Kuan-Yu , Chien Kuo-Liong 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivePatients with diabetes have an increased risk for urolithiasis, but the associated risk factors remain an active area of research. We investigated whether frailty influenced the probability of patients with diabetes developing urolithiasis.Research design and methodsUsing data from the Longitudinal Cohort of Diabetic Patients from 2004 to 2010, we identified those without and with frailty based on a validated, modified FRAIL scale. Patients were followed until they developed urolithiasis, and we used Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to examine the relationship between frailty, its severity, and the risk of urolithiasis, accounting for demographic profiles, comorbidities, frailty status changes over follow-up, and medications, with risk competition by mortality.ResultsAmong 525 368 patients with diabetes, 64.4% were not frail, while 28.5%, 6.6%, and 0.6% had 1, 2, and ≥3 FRAIL items at baseline. After 4.2 years of follow-up, 13.4% experienced incident urolithiasis. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that patients with diabetes having at least one FRAIL criterion exhibited a significantly higher risk for urolithiasis compared with non-frail patients (for 1, 2, and ≥3 items, hazard ratio (HR)s: 1.04, 1.23, and 1.46; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.99 to 1.09, 1.12 to 1.35, and 1.12 to 1.91, respectively). This increase in urolithiasis risk remained significant if we restricted analyses to renal stones or recurrent urolithiasis as the study outcomes.ConclusionsFrailty may pose a risk for incident urolithiasis in patients with diabetes. Treating frailty may potentially reduce their risk for urolithiasis.
Attitudes towards digital health tools for outpatient cirrhosis management in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Bloom Patricia Pringle , Marx Madeline , Wang Thomas J , Green Bradley , Ha Jasmine , Bay Camden , Chung Raymond T , Richter James M 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundTechnology represents a promising tool to improve healthcare delivery for patients with cirrhosis. We sought to assess utilisation of technology and preferred features of a digital health management tool, in patients with an early readmission for decompensated cirrhosis.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of patients readmitted within 90 days for decompensated cirrhosis. A semistructured interview obtained quantitative and qualitative data through open-ended questions.ResultsOf the 50 participants, mean age was 57.6 years and mean (range) model for end stage liver disease was 22.7 (10–46). Thirty-eight (76%) patients own a Smartphone and 62% have regular access to a computer with internet. Thirty-nine (78%) patients would consider using a Smartphone application to manage their cirrhosis. Forty-six (92%) patients report having a principal caregiver, of which 80% own a Smartphone. Patients were interested in a Smartphone application that could communicate with their physician (85%), send medication notifications to the patient (65%) and caregiver (64%), transmit diagnostic results and appointment reminders (82%), educate about liver disease (79%), regularly transmit weight data to the doctor (85% with ascites) and play a game to detect cognitive decline (67% with encephalopathy). Common themes from qualitative data include a desire to learn about liver disease and communicate with providers via digital tools.ConclusionAmong patients with cirrhosis with an early readmission for decompensation, most have Smartphones and would be willing to use a Smartphone to manage their disease. Future digital health management tools should be tailored to the use patterns and preferences of the patients with cirrhosis and their caregivers.
NF-κB p50-deficient immature myeloid cell (p50-IMC) adoptive transfer slows the growth of murine prostate and pancreatic ductal carcinoma
Authors: Suresh Rahul , Barakat David J , Barberi Theresa , Zheng Lei , Jaffee Elizabeth , Pienta Kenneth J , Friedman Alan D 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundMacrophages and dendritic cells lacking the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B p50 are skewed toward a proinflammatory phenotype, with increased cytokine expression and enhanced T cell activation; additionally, murine melanoma, fibrosarcoma, colon carcinoma, and glioblastoma grow slower in p50−/−mice. We therefore evaluated the efficacy of p50-negative immature myeloid cells (p50-IMCs) adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing hosts. Immature cells were used to maximize tumor localization, and pretreatment with 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was examined due to its potential to impair marrow production of myeloid cells, to target tumor myeloid cells and to release tumor neoantigens.MethodsWild-type (WT)-IMC or p50-IMC were generated by culturing lineage-negative marrow cells from WT or p50−/−mice in media containing thrombopoietin, stem cell factor and Flt3 ligand for 6 days followed by monocyte colony-stimulating factor for 1 day on ultralow attachment plates. Mice inoculated with Hi-Myc prostate cancer (PCa) cells or K-RasG12Dpancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC)-luciferase cells received 5FU followed 5 days later by three doses of 107immature myeloid cells (IMC) every 3–4 days.ResultsPCa cells grew slower in p50−/−mice, and absence of host p50 prolonged the survival of mice inoculated orthotopically with PDC cells. IMC from Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-luciferase mice localized to tumor, nodes, spleen, marrow, and lung. 5FU followed by p50-IMC slowed PCa and PDC tumor growth, ~3-fold on average, in contrast to 5FU followed by WT-IMC, 5FU alone or p50-IMC alone. Slowed tumor growth was evident for 93% of PCa but only 53% of PDC tumors; we therefore focused on PCa for additional IMC analyses. In PCa, p50-IMC matured into F4/80+macrophages, as well as CD11b+F4/80−CD11c+conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). In both tumor and draining lymph nodes, p50-IMC generated more macrophages and cDCs than WT-IMC. Activated tumor CD8+T cells were increased fivefold by p50-IMC compared with WT-IMC, and antibody-mediated CD8+T cell depletion obviated slower tumor growth induced by 5FU followed by p50-IMC.Conclusions5FU followed by p50-IMC slows the growth of murine prostate and pancreatic carcinoma and depends on CD8+T cell activation. Deletion of p50 in patient-derived marrow CD34+cells and subsequent production of IMC for adoptive transfer may contribute to the therapy of these and additional cancers.