bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of stewardship pharmacist driven MRSA nasal surveillance and de-escalation of anti-MRSA therapy (STEW PHARM MRSA NASAL SURVEILLANCE)
Authors: Dillon Jessica , Vita Domenic , Abrantes-Figueiredo Jessica , Wiskirchen Dora 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To determine if implementing stewardship pharmacist-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal surveillance increases use of the test and reduces the inappropriate use of vancomycin for MRSA coverage in patients with pneumonia.

Design:
Retrospective pre-/post-intervention study.

Setting:
Large teaching acute care hospital.

Participants:
Adult patients receiving vancomycin therapy for treatment of pneumonia.

Methods:
A stewardship pharmacist ran a report of admitted patients receiving vancomycin and reviewed the patients’ records. If the patient’s indication was pneumonia and a MRSA nasal swab had not been ordered, the pharmacist contacted the patient’s provider and requested an order for it. Upon receipt of a negative MRSA nasal swab result, the pharmacist recommended discontinuation of vancomycin if appropriate.
The control group was four weeks prior to the stewardship intervention, where there was no dedicated stewardship pharmacist reviewing MRSA swab utilization. The primary outcome was percentage of patients who had a MRSA swab ordered. Secondary outcomes included percentage of patients who had vancomycin appropriately de-escalated based on MRSA nasal swab results and length of vancomycin therapy.

Result:
Percentage of swabs ordered increased from 36.1% (22/61) to 83.7% (41/49) with pharmacist intervention (P < 0.0001). The rate of vancomycin de-escalation following a negative MRSA swab increased from 19.7% (12/61) to 61.2% (30/49) with pharmacist intervention (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
The results suggest implementing a pharmacist driven MRSA nasal surveillance program into practice could increase the number of MRSA nasal swabs ordered and promote timely de-escalation of vancomycin in patients with pneumonia.
Molecular markers in cell cycle visualisation during development and stress conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hazelwood Olivia S. , Arif Ashraf M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Plant growth and development are tightly regulated by cell division, elongation, and differentiation. A visible plant phenotype at the tissue or organ level is coordinated at the cellular level. Among these cellular regulations (cell division, elongation and differentiation), cell division in plants follows the same universal mechanisms across kingdoms of life, and involves conserved cell cycle regulatory proteins (cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinase and cell cycle inhibitors). Cell division is regulated through distinct cell cycle steps (G1, S, G2 and M), and these individual steps are visualised using transgenic marker lines. As a result, a quantitative cell cycle approach in plants during development and stress conditions relies on the accuracy of cell cycle markers. In this perspective article, we highlight the available cell cycle marker lines in plants, common practices within plant biology communities based on existing literature and provide a road map to a thorough quantitative approach of cell cycle regulation in plants.
NUMERICAL SEMIGROUPS FROM RATIONAL MATRICES II: MATRICIAL DIMENSION DOES NOT EXCEED MULTIPLICITY
Authors: CHHABRA ARSH , GARCIA STEPHAN RAMON , O’NEILL CHRISTOPHER 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We continue our study of exponent semigroups of rational matrices. Our main result is that the matricial dimension of a numerical semigroup is at most its multiplicity (the least generator), greatly improving upon the previous upper bound (the conductor). For many numerical semigroups, including all symmetric numerical semigroups, our upper bound is tight. Our construction uses combinatorially structured matrices and is parametrised by Kunz coordinates, which are central to enumerative problems in the study of numerical semigroups.
Taxonomic innovations in Megasporaceae (lichenized Ascomycota, Pertusariales): Antidea, a new genus for Aspicilia brucei; two new species of Aspicilia, and new combinations in Aspilidea and Lobothallia
Authors: Wheeler Tim , McCarthy John , Owe-Larsson Björn , Fryday Alan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe present a robust, five-locus phylogeny of the Megasporaceae and, based on this, propose several taxonomic innovations. The new genus Antidea is erected for Aspicilia brucei, which occupies a position near the base of the phylogeny, and the new species Aspicilia indeterminata and A. suavis are described from Montana. We also show that all North American (and some European) records of Aspilidea myrinii are misidentifications with many representing a second species in the genus, differing from A. myrinii by having elevated apothecia and narrower ascospores and for which we make the new combination Aspilidea subadunans. Finally, we make the new combinations Lobothallia determinata and L. peltastictoides, and report the lichenicolous fungus Sagediopsis aspiciliae (on A. subadunans) as new to North America.
Candelariella ahtii (Candelariaceae, Ascomycota) – a new species of lichen from Central and North-East Asia, and a key to 8-spored Candelariella
Authors: Yakovchenko Lidia S. , Davydov Evgeny A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCandelariella ahtii Yakovchenko sp. nov. is described based on phenotypic and ITS nrDNA sequence data. The species, occurring on soil in the crevices and cracks of siliceous rocks, is characterized by its squamulose cushion-forming thallus of imbricate, rounded to weakly incised granules/squamules with a greenish yellow to pale yellow pulverulent upper surface, lecanorine apothecia with a plane to somewhat convex ochre-yellow disc and a permanent thick thalline margin, 8-spored asci and ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid ascospores with rounded ends, as well as a distribution in Central and North-East Asia. It is similar to Candelariella citrina but differs in having ascospores without attenuated ends and smaller squamules. Candelariella citrina is excluded from the lichen flora of Russia. A worldwide key to all known Candelariella species with 8-spored asci, including 41 names, is provided.
Seven new species of Verrucaria from calcareous and siliceous rocks of Finland
Authors: Pykälä Juha , Kantelinen Annina , Myllys Leena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeven new species of Verrucaria are described from Finland: Verrucaria hakulinenii sp. nov., V. juumaensis sp. nov., V. linkolae sp. nov., V. lohjaensis sp. nov., V. norrlinii sp. nov., V. oulankajokiensis sp. nov., and V. vainioi sp. nov. Verrucaria linkolae is also reported from the Czech Republic, Germany and the United Kingdom, V. norrlinii from Norway and V. juumaensis from Canada based on a previously unidentified soil sample. Based on ITS sequences, V. hakulinenii and V. juumaensis probably belong to the Verrucaria hydrophila group whereas V. linkolae, V. norrlinii, V. oulankajokiensis and V. vainioi are closely related to V. hunsrueckensis and V. nodosa. The new species are characterized by a thin brown or green thallus, rather small perithecia and a predominantly thin involucrellum reaching the exciple base level. Verrucaria hakulinenii is characterized by a thin thalline cover of the perithecia, a green thallus and fairly large spores (18–22 × 8–10 μm). Verrucaria juumaensis, V. linkolae, V. norrlinii and V. vainioi are characterized by a predominantly brown thallus, often with goniocyst-like units. Verrucaria linkolae has densely occurring perithecia (100–330 perithecia per cm2) whereas in V. juumaensis, V. norrlinii and V. vainioi perithecia occur more sparsely (40–160 perithecia per cm2). Verrucaria juumaensis and V. vainioi usually have a minute thallus. Verrucaria juumaensis differs from V. vainioi by slightly larger perithecia (0.18–0.27 mm diam.) and longer and wider spores. Verrucaria lohjaensis is characterized by a mosaically dark brown and white, small areolate thallus and conspicuous ostioles. Verrucaria oulankajokiensis has small perithecia that are often thinly covered by thalline tissue and a thallus partly surrounded by dark lines. Most species occur on calcareous rocks, but V. vainioi is restricted to siliceous rocks. Verrucaria linkolae and V. norrlinii are widely distributed both on calcareous, serpentine and siliceous rocks, preferring pebbles. Epiphytic occurrences of V. linkolae and V. norrlinii are confirmed. A key to the new species and species with a similar morphology in Finland is provided.
Phonological neighborhood density, phonetic categorization, and vocabulary size differentially affect the phonolexical encoding of easy and difficult L2 segmental contrasts
Authors: Rocca Brian , Llompart Miquel , Darcy Isabelle 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of phonological neighborhood density (PND) on the lexical encoding of perceptually confusable segmental contrasts and the extent to which the precision of encoding is modulated by phonetic categorization and vocabulary size. Korean learners of English and native speakers of American English completed an auditory lexical decision task that contained words and nonwords with /ɛ/, /æ/, /f/, and /p/ (/æ/ and /f/ do not exist in Korean), two phonetic categorization tasks (/ɛ/−/æ/ and /f/−/p/), and a vocabulary test. For the Korean group, participants’ categorization of /f/−/p/ was the only significant predictor of /f/−/p/ nonword rejection. For /ɛ/−/æ/, nonword versions of high PND words were rejected more accurately than low PND. Additionally, vocabulary size and phonetic categorization significantly interacted so that as perception abilities improve, the benefits that come from having a large vocabulary grow as well.
Statistical learning of foreign language words in younger and older adults
Authors: Ge Yuxin , Correia Susana , Lee Yun-Wei , Jin Ziyi , Rothman Jason , Rebuschat Patrick 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Statistical learning, that is, our ability to track and learn from distributional information in the environment, plays a fundamental role in language acquisition, yet little research has investigated this process in older language learners. In the present study, we address this gap by comparing the cross-situational learning of foreign words in younger and older adults. We also tested whether learning was affected by previous experience with multiple languages. We found that both age groups successfully learned the novel words after a short exposure period, confirming that statistical learning ability is preserved in late adulthood. However, the two groups differed in their learning trajectories, with the younger group outperforming the older group during the later stages of learning. Previous language experience did not predict learning outcomes. Given that implicit language learning mechanisms are shown to be preserved over the lifespan, the present data provide crucial support for the assumptions underlying claims that language learning interventions in older age could be leveraged as a targeted intervention to help build or maintain resilience to age-related cognitive decline.
Cognate facilitation effect on verb-based semantic prediction in L2 is modulated by L2 proficiency
Authors: Ito Aine , Bautista Ana , Martin Clara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We tested whether verb-based prediction in late bilinguals is facilitated when the verb is a cognate versus non-cognate. Spanish–English bilinguals and Chinese–English bilinguals (control) listened to English sentences such as “The girl will adopt the dog” while viewing a scene containing either a dog and unadoptable objects (predictable condition) or a dog and other adoptable animals (unpredictable condition). The verb was either a cognate or non-cognate between Spanish and English and never a cognate between Chinese and English. Both groups of bilinguals were more likely to look at the target (the dog) in the predictable versus unpredictable condition. However, only low-proficient L1 Spanish bilinguals showed greater and earlier prediction when the verb was cognate than when it was non-cognate, suggesting that cognate facilitation effect occurs not only on the cognate word itself but also on prediction based on this cognate word, and that this effect is modulated by L2 proficiency.
FINITE-DIMENSIONAL DIFFERENTIAL-ALGEBRAIC PERMUTATION GROUPS
Authors: Freitag James , Jimenez Léo , Moosa Rahim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeveral structural results about permutation groups of finite rank definable in differentially closed fields of characteristic zero (and other similar theories) are obtained. In particular, it is shown that every finite rank definably primitive permutation group is definably isomorphic to an algebraic permutation group living in the constants. Applications include the verification, in differentially closed fields, of the finite Morley rank permutation group conjectures of Borovik-Deloro and Borovik-Cherlin. Applying the results to binding groups for internality to the constants, it is deduced that if complete types p and q are of rank m and n, respectively, and are nonorthogonal, then the
$(m+3)$
rd Morley power of p is not weakly orthogonal to the
$(n+3)$
rd Morley power of q. An application to transcendence of generic solutions of pairs of algebraic differential equations is given.
Beyond treatment: Understanding family experiences in pediatric palliative care
Authors: Del Villar Guerra Pablo , Andrés de Álvaro Marta , García Miralles Laura , Tamayo-Morales Olaya , Ramos Pollo Daniel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the multifaceted experiences of families with children and adolescents enrolled in the pediatric palliative care (PPC) program, with a particular emphasis on understanding their perspectives regarding the quality and effectiveness of care provided. Our goals included exploring emotional, social, and practical caregiving dimensions within the PPC context to address gaps and find areas for improvement. The objectives encompassed an exploration of the perceived effects on physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions, an investigation into pre-PPC inclusion experiences, and an identification of limitations and potential areas for enhancement within the program.MethodsUsing a qualitative descriptive approach with a phenomenological lens, we engaged 6 primary caregivers through semi-structured interviews, employing theoretical convenience sampling. Analysis involved meticulous transcription, alphanumeric coding, and thematic categorization using Atlas.ti 8.0® software.ResultsConsistently echoed across interviews were the positive impacts on family dynamics, characterized by a sense of tranquility, enhanced patient care, and substantial caregiver support. Emotional well-being improvements were marked by elevated mood, reduced anxiety, and a restored sense of normalcy. Noteworthy challenges identified encompassed communication gaps among health-care professionals, limited-service availability, and perceived constraints in home care.Significance of resultsThe study underscores the profound positive influence of the PPC program on the perceived quality of life for families navigating the complexities of caring for children with life-limiting illnesses. The findings underscore the paramount importance of holistic, family-centric care and underscore the imperative to address caregiver needs comprehensively to mitigate the risk of burnout. The identified challenges serve as signposts for refining communication strategies, expanding service provisions, and augmenting support structures within the PPC program. Overall, the study highlights the profound positive impact of the PPC program on family well-being, while also identifying areas for program enhancement, particularly in communication and service availability.
Circularly polarized diversified MIMO antenna design for millimeter-wave on-body applications using characteristic mode theory
Authors: Modak Sumon , Lokam Anjaneyulu , Farooq Umar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a systematic design approach for developing a semiflexible multiple-input–multiple-output antenna system operating in the millimeter wave frequency spectrum, specifically designed for body-worn applications in biotechnologies. The designed antenna features dual flower-shaped antenna radiators placed in a spatial diversity configuration. Strategic modifications have been implemented by integrating dual crescent-shaped slots in the ground layer to attain the targeted frequency band of 25.7–30.6 GHz. Later, the upper edge of the ground plane is truncated in order to achieve circularly polarized radiation characteristics at 29.4 GHz with 3 dB ARBW of 0.6 GHz (29.1–29.7 GHz). The realization of circular polarization in the antenna geometry is validated through the analysis of characteristic mode theory. A maximum gain of 5.6 dBi is attained along with a port isolation of >30 dB. The proposed antenna undergoes analysis to assess its performance in the bending conditions and specific absorption rate, besides validation of diversity metrics encompassing envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, channel capacity loss, total active reflection coefficient, and mean effective gain has also been conducted. Finally, the proposed antenna structure is fabricated, and its performance is validated and subsequently compared with that of its simulated counterpart.
Interactions Between Multiple Physical Particle Injection Pumps in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Thompson Andrew F. , Dove Lilian A. , Flint Ellie , Lacour Leo , Boyd Philip 
Published: December 2024

AbstractContributions to the biological pump that arise from the physical circulation are referred to as physical particle injection pumps. A synthesized view of how these physical pumps interact with each other and other components of the biological pump does not yet exist. Here, observations from a quasi‐Lagrangian float and an ocean glider, deployed in the Southern Ocean's Subantarctic Zone for one month during the spring bloom, offer insight into daily‐to‐monthly fluctuations in the mixed layer pump (MLP) and the eddy subduction pump (ESP). Estimated independently, each mechanism contributes intermittent export fluxes of roughly several hundred milligrams of particulate organic carbon (POC) per square meter per day. The glider‐based estimates indicate sustained weekly periods of MLP export fluxes across the base of the mixed layer with a magnitude of mg POC . Potential export fluxes from the ESP, based on a mixed layer instability scaling, occasionally exceed 400 mg POC , with export elevated due to both strong inferred vertical velocities and enhanced isopycnal slopes. Significant export fluxes from the ESP are localized to the edges of mesoscale eddies and to fronts, whereas the MLP acts more broadly due to the larger scales of atmospheric forcing. Regimes occur when MLP and ESP export fluxes can have either the same or opposite sign. Simple summation of fluxes from existing parameterizations of the two pumps likely misrepresents the total physical carbon flux. Insights into how mesoscale stirring and submesoscale velocities set POC vertical structure is a key target to reduce uncertainty in global carbon export fluxes.
Climatic Controls on the Length and Shape of the World's Drainage Basins
Authors: Singer Michael Bliss , Grieve Stuart W. D. , Chen Shiuan‐An , Michaelides Katerina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClimate is thought to affect the structure and evolution of drainage basins, but it is not clear how climate impacts the power law scaling between channel length and drainage area. Since climate controls runoff, streamflow, and erosion regimes, we looked for dependency of drainage basin morphometrics on climate within a near‐global data set. We show that increasingly arid regions have longer channels and narrower drainage basins, and power law scaling between channel length and basin area (Hack's Law) increases monotonically with aridity. We suggest these results arise due to downstream channel extension by rare large floods that erode channels into previously unchanneled terrain, yielding a morphometric signature in drylands that is preserved over long timescales due to a lack of subsequent topographic smoothing. This new understanding of drainage basin morphometrics on Earth may be used to inform interpretations of past climates on our planet and other solar system bodies.
Microfluidics and Spectral Induced Polarization for Direct Observation and Petrophysical Modeling of Calcite Dissolution
Authors: Rembert F. , Leroy P. , Lassin A. , Roman S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe investigate how micro‐geoelectrical monitoring is promising for studying microscale coupled processes since it facilitates the upscaling of pore‐scale observations and enhances the petrophysical interpretation of the geoelectrical measurements. Microscale geophysics using microfluidics emerges and combines direct visualization of pore scale dynamics and chemical reactivity with geoelectrical monitoring. Calcite dissolution is a usual geochemical reaction considered as an analog of water–mineral interactions involved in the critical zone. We develop a numerical workflow combining image processing and geochemical simulation as inputs for the petrophysical modeling applied to a published data set of microscale induced polarization monitoring of calcite dissolution under partially saturated conditions. The successful interpretation provides the cation exchange capacity and specific surface area evolution; essential parameters in field‐scale surveys.
Deep Nitrogen Fluxes and Sources Constrained by Arc Lava Phenocrysts
Authors: Hudak Michael R. , Barry Peter H. , Bekaert David V. , Turner Stephen J. , Broadley Michael W. , Walowski Kristina , Tyne Rebecca L. , Li Kan , Nielsen Sune G. , Curtice Joshua M. , Kurz Mark D. , Cahoon Emily , Wallace Paul , Muth Michelle , Shaw Alison M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNitrogen (N) dominates Earth's atmosphere (78% N2) but occurs in trace abundances in silicate minerals, making it a sensitive tracer of recycled surface materials into the mantle. The mechanisms controlling N transfer between terrestrial reservoirs remain uncertain because low N abundances in mineral‐hosted fluid inclusions (FIs) are difficult to measure. Using new techniques, we analyzed N and He isotope compositions and abundances in olivine‐ and pyroxene‐hosted FIs from arc volcanoes in Southern Chile, Cascadia, Central America, and the Southern Marianas. These measurements enable an estimate of the global flux of N outgassing from arcs (4.0 × 1010 mol/yr). This suggests that Earth is currently in a state of net N ingassing, with roughly half of subducted N returned to the mantle. Additionally, the N outgassing flux of individual arcs correlates with the thickness of subducting pelagic sediment, suggesting that N cycling in the modern solid Earth is largely controlled by sediment subduction.