bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divisor Labeling of Some Special Graphs
Authors: Parthiban A. , Samdanielthompson G. , Sharma Deepak 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An assignment of labels (mostly, integers) to the vertices of a graph G(V,E), or simply G, on n vertices subject to certain constraints is called a vertex labeling of G. A graph G is a divisor graph if the vertices of G can be labeled with integers (necessarily distinct) in such a way that either x|y or y|x for any two adjacent vertices x and y. In this paper, we encounter the divisor labeling of certain classes of graphs.
Generalizing the effect of Indian populace with the help of mathematical modeling
Authors: Yadav Dr. Rakesh , Wadia Shekhar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a mathematical model of Indian populace is investigated. For this, a secondary data of the Indian populace has been collected from IDB (International Data Base) of the years from 1960 (inclusive). Also, we will deduce the expected populace of India up to the year 2060 by the using the least square method. Then, we will represent this populace in form of graphs using MATLAB. Also, we will find out the carrying capacity of future Indian populace. Finally we will find out the effect of this populace on India.
A comprehensive survey on 3-equitable and divisor 3-equitable labeling of graphs
Authors: Parthiban A. , Sangeeta  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article presents a short survey on 3-equitable and divisor 3-equitable labeling of graphs. For any graph G(V,E) and k > 0, assign vertex labels from {0,1,…, k − 1} such that when the edge labels induced by the absolute value of the difference of the vertex labels, the number of vertices labeled with i and the number of vertices labeled with j differ by at most one and the number of edges labeled with i and the number of edges labeled with j differ by at most one. We call a graph G with such an assignment of labels k –equitable. When k = 3, it becomes a 3-equitable labeling. In 2019, Sweta Srivastav et al. introduced the notion of divisor 3-equitable labeling of graphs. A bijection f: V(G) → {1, 2, …,n} induces a function f':E(G) → {0,1,2} defined by for each edge e = xy, (i) f'(e) = 1 if f(x)|f(y) or f(y)|f(x), (ii) f'(e) = 2 if f(x)/f(y) = 2 or f(y)/f(x) = 2, and (iii) f'(e) = 0 otherwise such that

|

e

f
′

(
i
)
−

e

f
′

(
j
)

|

≤
1

for all 0 ≤ i,j ≤ 2. A graph which admits a divisor 3-equitable labeling is called a divisor 3-equitable graph. This article stands divided into five sections. The first and fifth sections are reserved respectively for introduction and some important references. The second section deals with the 3-equitable labeling of graphs wherein some important known results have been recalled. The third section deals with the divisor 3-equitable labeling of graphs wherein a few known results have been outlined. In the fourth section we highlight certain conjectures and open problems in respect of the above mentioned labeling that still remain unsolved.
Pre weakly generalized closed sets in topological spaces
Authors: Bhardwaj N , Mir A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new class of generalized closed sets namely Pre weakly generalized closed sets in topological space, which lies between Closed sets and Weakly Generalized Closed sets. We also investigate and study their fundamental properties and generalize the results with other defined classes of generalized closed sets.
Common Fixed Point Theorems for Four Self-Maps Satisfying (CLRST
)- Property in b-Metric Spaces
Authors: Arora Sahil , Mishra Sanjay , Kumar Manoj , Heena  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we prove coincidence point for two pair of mappings satisfying (CLRST
)- property with the help C-class function, altering distance function and ultra altering distance function in the framework of b-metric spaces. Moreover, we also attain unique common fixed point for two weakly compatible pairs. Various results can also be derived from our main result in the frame of metric spaces.
Accelerated Adomian Decomposition Method for the System of Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Singh Prince 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A novel technique i.e. Accelerated Adomian Decomposition method is used for the solution of system of nonlinear equations. This method has been explored by including a new form of Adomian polynomial for handling the nonlinear terms present in the equations. The technique has been tested for some examples and the outcome exhibit reliability and efficiency of the proposed methods.
Profit Optimization of products at different selling prices with fuzzy linear programming problem using situational based fuzzy triangular numbers
Authors: kumar Rakesh , Chandrawat Rajesh Kumar , Joshi Varun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The main objective of the manufacture industry is to acquire the maximum profit by minimizing the production cost and maximization of the selling price of the different products fabricated by them. After accomplishment of the optimal value for the production cost the industry focuses on maximizing the selling price of items. However, the competitiveness and uncertainty of the market, the supplier sells their products of discrete selling prices. Therefore, their profit is fluctuated. Such situations to find the optimization of the profit is the main issue of the firm and such destruction can be mitigated with the help of fuzzy linear programming problem. In FLP coefficients of the objective function, constraint variables and the solution values are represented by fuzzy numbers. In this paper, proposed a newly constructed triangular fuzzy numbers (TFN∼τ1) which represent the various realistic circumstances for the selling prices of the various items of manufacturers and then TFN∼τ2 based on TFN∼τ1 is constructed which shows the all possible states of the profit received accordingly numerous sell prices industry might be earned. The data of “R.P.S entrepreneur Jalandhar” is taken which manufacture special types of pipe fitting items with particular sizes according to the demand in Punjab region. We constructed the general structure of the FLP to obtain all attainable bound of the optimal values using newly constructed TFNs. After that a comparative study of the optimal FLP to achieve the membership grades in all conceivable latitude.
Dynamical Role of Scalar Fields in K = 0 Universe
Authors: Akash K. , Pathak S. D. , Dubey Rajesh K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It is an accepted and well examined practice in cosmology to invoke a suitable form of scalar field with potential V(φ) when the observed evolution of the universe cannot be reconciled with theoretical believes. In this article we investigate the role a class of scalar fields in cosmology under minimal and maximal coupling with background matter. We further analyze the dynamical behavior of scalar fields through its scaling solutions by considering their constant equation of state parameter.
Geo-spatial topology based morphometric analysis for soil and water conservation in Dholbaha watershed of Kandi region
Authors: Singh S. , Singh R.D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Morphometric analysis forms the basis for planning water and soil conservation treatments in a watershed. Geospatial topology based morphometric analysis in Dholbaha watershed, located in the Kandi region of Punjab, was carried out using the IRS data of LISS IV, Cartoset-1 merged satellite data, ASTER DEM and ArcGIS-10.2 software. As per topology, Dholbaha watershed is the 5th order watershed. Out of all the 279 streams identified, 213 are of 1st order and one 5th order stream. The total stream length is found to be 191.73 kms. The dendritic drainage pattern is found with stream frequency of 4.67 no./km2 and mean bifurcation ratio of 3.9. Both length as well as number of streams decrease with the increase in the order of streams. Topological model indicates lesser effect of geological structure on the drainage pattern of the watershed. Drainage density of watershed (3.21 km/km2) reflects the closeness of spacing in channels with permeable sub strata. Fine drainage texture (7.34 no./km) and large length of the overland flow (150 m) in watershed resulted into high peaked hydrographs and high sheet erosion in the watershed. The circularity ratio, form factor and elongation ratio of the watershed 0.412, 0.51 and 0.72, respectively indicate that watershed is less elongated in shape, associated with medium to high relief, having moderately permeable sub-soil conditions resulting in moderate peak discharge, and moderate runoff volume resulting in high soil erosion. The watershed requires urgent conservation measures to control siltation of the reservoir.
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres Composite: A Hybrid Porous Composite for Drug Delivery
Authors: Adhikari Dr. Chandan , Chakraborty Dr. Anjan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Drug delivery system composed of mesoporous silica nanoparticles suffers from many drawbacks. Out of many challenges, two major challenges in drug delivery through mesoporous silica nanoparticles, are premature leakage and fast release of the drug molecules. Because of these, most of the time, efficiency of the drug delivery system become very low. In this work, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have been modified using zeolitic imidazole framework through formation of a hybrid system. An anticancer drug Doxorubicin was encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Two zeolitic imidazole frameworks, ZIF-7 and ZIF-8 were prepared and used to form composite with mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The composites were characterized using scanning electron microscope, confocal laser scanning microscope, bright field imaging, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis. BET surface analysis was conducted to understand the pore size, pore volume and surface area of the composite materials. The drug delivery study was conducted under pH stimuli as well as in present of liposome. The bare MSN were found to release the drug within 2-3 hours at pH∼4 and in presence of liposome. But both the composites were found to control the drug release over a period of 12 hours at pH∼4 and over a period of 7 hours in presence of liposome, which are almost 4 times slower release than bare mesoporous silica nanoparticles. This indicates that composite system has enough control on the drug release over the conventional drug delivery through bare mesoporous silica nanoparticles. This phenomenon was explained based on that, the ZIF frameworks act as a shield against the external stimuli and protects the bare silica from contact with the external agent and results in slower drug release. But in case of bare silica due to the absence of this kind of protection, drug release becomes very fast under acidic conditions.
Study of ethyl acetoacetate, 2-aminobenzenethiol and ceric ammonium nitrate composition for biopharmaceutical applications
Authors: Kumari M , Kaur R , Sharma P K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Possibilities of 4H,1-4Benzothiazine synthesis by the reaction of Ceric ammonium nitrate, Ethyl acetoacetate, 2-Aminobenzenethiol were carried out in present work. Reaction mixture also studied for biological activities for example antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and found active material. Present work confirmed that waste material of reactions mixtures can be utilized as potential pharmaceutical material and treated as new ecofriendly way for waste management of chemical reactions incorporated with green chemistry approach: “Best out of waste”.
Effect of co-substitution of Zn2+/Zr4+on Surface Morphology, Structure and Magnetic Properties of BaZnxZrxFe12-2xO19
Authors: Godara Sachin Kumar , Kaur Supinder , Kaur Varinder , Sood Ashwani Kumar , singh Mandeep , Pushkarna Ishita , Bhadu Gopala Ram , Chaudhari Jayesh C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effect of co-doping of Zn2+/Zr4+ions on surface morphology, structure and magnetic properties of BaZnxZrxFe12-2xO19(x=0.00, 0.20,0.40,0.60,0.80, 1.00) synthesized using Pechini method has been investigated. XRD data reveals that the samples are phase pure and have no intermittent phase. The c/a parameter is <3.98 for all samples implying that they are M-type hexaferrites. The grain size increases with an increase in the composition of Zn2+/Zr4+dopant seen using FE-SEM micrographs. The local crystal structure distortion with increasing Zn2+/Zr4+dopant composition is confirm by Raman measurements. M vs H plots reveal that all the samples shows magnetic ordering. The highestMsvalue has been noticed to be 68.43 emu/g in x=0.20 sample. TheHcvalue varies from 5350 Oe to 763 Oe with increase in dopant concentration. These materials have strong potential in magnetic recording applications.
Fibre-optic biosensor for the detection of xanthine for the evaluation of meat freshness
Authors: Garg D , Verma N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Xanthine is produced by guanine deaminase and xanthine oxidase from guanine and hypoxanthine, respectively. It serves as an indicator of spoilage of meat and various pathological conditions. An optical biosensor has been fabricated for the detection of xanthine by absorption transmission approach. The bioassay principle used in this study is conversion of xanthine to uric acid and H2O2 by XO. Due to the production of uric acid, pH of the reaction decreases and falls in range of 7.5 - 6. The absorptive dye phenol red has been screened to visualize the change in colour. The coimmobilization of XO and dye phenol red indicator was done with sol-gel method onto the circular plastic discs for the development of biosensor. Volume of sample required for detection has been miniaturized to 10μl. The linear range of concentration and limit of detection were 0.5μM – 150μM and 0.5 μM respectively, have been achieved for xanthine. The designed biosensor was successfully employed for the detection of xanthine in chicken meat sample. Present study leads to the development of a fast and dependable biosensor with miniaturized sample volume and also mass scale screening possible through colour visualization.
Self-Organization of Cationic Surfactant in Hydrophilic Ionic Liquid in Aqueous Media at Various Concentrations
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Katal Arjuna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present work focus on the study of thermodynamical parameters of micellization of surfactant in the presence of altered concentrations of the ionic liquid. The conductivity measurement has been done to study the aggregation behavior of mixed system of SDS and ionic liquid [C3mim][Br] at various concentrations (0.04, 0.08 and 0.12 weight percent of IL) and temperatures break reserved for 5K from 298.15 K - 308.15 K. The measured data of conductivity have been employed to know the CMC. Thermodynamical parameters of aggregation such as standard Gibb’s free energy of micellization, standard enthalpy and entropy of micellization determined and discussed. Outcomes have been elucidated in terms of the impact of IL on the micellization process of the sodium dodecylsulphate.
Influence of Electrolyte and Temperature on the Aggregation Behaviour of Mixed System Consisting Drug and Anionic Surfactant
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Kaur Jasmeet 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
At present work, the interaction of amphiphilic drug promazine hydrochloride (PMZ) with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and imipramine hydrochloride (IMH) with anionic surfactant dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) in the absence and presence of 50 mmol.kg−1 inorganic salt is investigated in aqueous medium at different temperatures. For this, conductometric measurements were carried out to evaluate the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of drug and surfactant. Ideal critical micelle concentration (CMC id) and interaction parameter (β) has also been evaluated. The deviations obtained in values of CMC and CMC id indicate the interaction between drug and surfactant. Other micellar mole fraction parameters such as X1
Rub (Rubingh), X1
Mot (Motomura), X1
Rd (Rodenas) and X1
ideal (ideal mole fraction) are also evaluated based on different proposed models. Other thermodynamic parameters of micellization such as, standard free energy of micellization

(
Δ

G
m
∘

)

, standard enthalpy of micellization

(
Δ

H
m
∘

)

, and standard entropy of micellization

(
Δ

S
m
∘

)

are also evaluated based upon the equations already present in literature to understand the interactions prevailing in the studied systems.
Investigations on the interactions in the Binary Mixtures of Tripropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (TPGMME) and 1-Heptanol at Different Temperatures
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Sharma Ravinder 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Densities (ρ) and ultrasonic speeds (u) of the binary liquid mixtures of Tripropylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (TPGMME) and 1-haptanol have been measured as a function of composition at temperature range of 288.15 to 318.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The measurements have been carried out using an Anton Paar density and speed of sound analyser DSA 5000. Thermodynamic properties like excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibility and molar isentropic compressibility have been calculated by using densities and speed of sound data at various temperatures. Value for excess molar volume is positive for (TPGMME) and 1-haptanol over the entire mole fraction range, and increase with increasing temperature.
Effect of Temperature on the Polymerization and Optical Conductivity of Thin Flexible Polypyrrole/Starch Composites
Authors: Mudila Harish , Prasher Parteek , Kumar Anil , Zaidi MGH , Verma Amit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Conductive PPY/Starch (PS) composites were prepared at varying temperature by insitu polymerization method. These polymerized materials were subjected to various studies viz. UV-Vis, FTIR, and XRD to study their effective interaction with each other. The impact of polymerization temperature on the optical conductivity of all the fabricated materials and individual components were studied, these studies shows the increased amount of conductive PPY in the composites leads towards higher optical conductivity of fabricated composites. The PPY/Starch composite synthesized at 0±1°C was observed to have the optical band gap of 4.9 eV and optical conductivity of ∼2.8×108 S−1 at 290 nm, which is decent for a material to be used as an optical conductive and hence the proposed material find its application in diverse field of energy storage.
Modification of Polystyrene Based Composites for Environment Sustainability: A Review
Authors: Mondal Sanchit , Mudila Harish , Prasher Parteek , Kumar Ujjwal , Kadyan Naveen , Bishnoi Ankita , Kaur Navneet , Silmana Shivani 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) being a non-biodegradable polymer is brought under application over the world in many ways in our day-to-day life to make it easy however it generates an enormous challenge to the components of our environment viz. soil, water, air etc. thus leading to health issues in humans and other living components of earth. This review details and compares the fabrication, application and suitability of various composites of PS with biodegradable materials viz. starch, bagasse lignin, fibers, etc. as to combat the hazardous impact of PS to environment and its valuable constituents. These biodegradable materials not only modify the PS physically but also it affects the composition which enables these composite materials to be acceptable for consumption without spoiling nature. The numerous compositions are studied for their diverse applications and biodegradability. The listed composites express the route to curtail the impacts of hazardous synthetic polymers from the environment and thus paving the path for secure and harmless future for coming generation.
Amoxicillin removal from an aqueous solution by adsorption using graphene oxide/calcium alginate biocomposite
Authors: Kaur A , Maity C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Antibiotics have been used for the treatment of microbial infections over several decades for both human and animals. However, these antibiotics are classified as potent pollutants due to their increasing overuse. Amoxicillin is one of the most frequently used antibiotics and its bioaccumulation in the food chain can threaten the human health. Herein, we show the adsorption activity of amoxicillin from aqueous solution using graphene oxide/calcium alginate composite, which is easy to operate, low-cost material. The composite has been characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, IR, SEM. The adsorption properties of amoxicillin were investigated through several parameters including the solution pH, the absorbent does, the initial concentration. Finally, a mechanism of adsorption has been proposed in this study.
Molecular interactions analysis of some aluminium salts in binary aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran (THF): Acoustic and Conductometric approach
Authors: Thakur R.C. , Sharma Ravi , Sharma Arshdeep 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the present investigation conductance and speed of sound of aluminium sulphate, aluminium nitrate, and aluminium chloride were experimentally determined in aqueous medium as well in binary aqueous mixtures of THF. Various conductance and acoustic parameters viz; molar conductance, limiting molar conductance, partial molar adiabatic compressibility, coefficient of adiabatic compressibility were also determined using Kohlrausch's Law, Debye-Huckel theory and Masson’s equation at working temperatures and different compositions of THF. Analysis reveals that limiting molar conductivity

(

Λ
m
0

)

decreases with increase in composition of THF in water indicating the decrease in the ion-solvent interactions with increase in composition THF in water. Further it was found that with increase in temperature the

Λ
m
0

values increase for all the three salts which support the increase in ion-solvent interactions with increase in temperature. The values of partial molar isentropic compression

(

ϕ

K
S

0

)

were found negative and these values further increase with increase in composition of THF indicating that on increase in composition, attractive interactions develop between THF and water which induces dehydration of aluminium salts which make the water molecules of aluminium salts more compressible than that of lower THF concentration resulting in decrease of ion solvent interactions with increase in THF composition in water. On the other hand with increase in temperature, the values of

ϕ

K
S

0

further increase leading to increase in ion-solvent interactions of aluminium salts in water and 5% THF+ water. Walden product and its temperature coefficient i.e.

[
d
(

Λ
m
0

η
0

)
]

have also been calculated which confirms that aluminium salts act as structure breaker in different compositions of THF in water.
Synthesis of Ni doped iron oxide nanoparticles and their dielectric properties
Authors: Moharana Aiswarya , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Ashish 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sol-gel method was adopted for the formation of magnetite and metal doped nanoparticles. The Synthesized nanoparticles were confirmed by using XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. The X-ray diffraction results confirm crystalline structure and the size of the synthesized nanoparticles. IR data reveals the characteristic absorption bands for oxide formation. Dielectric properties of the prepared composite were determined by impedance analyser. Significant improvement of dielectric properties can be obtained when we incorporated polymer matrix in metal oxide nanoparticles.