bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public debate in the media matters: evidence from the European refugee crisis
Authors: Koch Caleb M. , Moise Izabela , Helbing Dirk , Donnay Karsten 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we take a novel approach to study the empirical relationship between public debate in the media and asylum acceptance rates in Europe from 2002–2016. In theory, an asylum seeker should experience the same likelihood of being granted refugee status from each of the 20 European countries we study. Yet, in practice, acceptance rates vary widely for nearly every asylum country of origin. We address this inconsistency with a data-driven approach by analyzing refugee-related news articles and data on asylum decisions across 20 Europe countries for more than 100 asylum seekers’ countries of origin. We find that: (i) public debate sentiment in the media is strongly associated with European countries’ diverging asylum practices, much more so than social, cultural or economic factors, and (ii) by combining different measures of public debate we can make out-of-sample predictions within 3% of true acceptance rates (on average). We conclude by discussing the practical implications of our findings for European asylum practices.
Understanding variations in reservoir porosity in the Eagle Ford Shale using scanning electron microscopy: implications for basin modelling
Authors: Osborne Mark , Volk Herbert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Reliable evaluation of shale-play potential requires robust geological models that can simulate the generation and retention of petroleum, porosity and permeability in source rocks from first principles, and that can be implemented in basin modelling software. To be predictive, such basin models need to be calibrated against observations from real shale plays. A key control on the amount of retained petroleum is the porosity in the shale and the abundance of organic matter. Scanning electron microscopy of argon-ion milled shale samples can potentially reveal systematic variations in the amount of porosity, pore types and distributions across a range of thermal maturities. These observed variations in porosity can be used to calibrate basin modelling outputs and refine predictive models. For these reasons BP has conducted scanning electron microscopy studies of shale plays including the Eagle Ford Shale, a carbonate-rich mudstone sequence of Cenomanian to Turonian age. The results clearly show that the mean pore size decreases as thermal maturity increases and that organic matter-hosted pores are absent in low thermal maturity samples (where vitrinite random reflectance
R
o
<0.7) and become increasingly more abundant as thermal maturity increases). In moderately mature samples there are organic matter hosted pores that range in pore size from 5 to 500 nm. In highly mature samples, small (<50 nm) organic matter-hosted pores predominate. Our studies reveal that porosity evolution in this organic-rich, fine-grained, carbonate mudrock shows a strong correlation with increasing thermal maturity.
Highly Efficient Low-Pt-Based Electrocatalysts with Pt Single-Atom Active Sites for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Jing , Roh JeongHan , Song DongHoon , Bak Junu , Kim Hyo-Jong , Cho Eun Ae 
Published: May 2020

Platinum (Pt) has been preferred as the most viable catalytic material to accelerate the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)1,2. However, the scarcity of Pt on earth makes it expensive, resulting in a concomitantly high cost for the commercial implementation of fuel cells. In this respect, significant efforts have been made worldwide to reduce Pt loading while retaining and even improving their high catalytic performance of Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts3,4. One of the effective approaches to improve the utilization efficiency of Pt atoms is to reduce the size of Pt nanoparticles to clusters or even to single atoms. Smaller Pt particles have higher fraction of low-coordinated surface Pt atoms which can be directly involved in the ORR process5-7. Herein, based on nitrogen-doped active carbon (Black Pearls 2000, denoted as NBP), a carbon-supported highly dispersed Pt nanocatalyst (Pt1@Pt/NBP) with low Pt content of 4.96 wt.% was prepared simply using a mild hydrothermal method. Results of electrochemical measurement and physical characterization reveal that, a large number of atomically dispersed Pt sites (Fig.1a) can remarkably enhance the ORR activity of Pt1@Pt/NBP electrocatalysts with a higher half-wave potential (E1/2
= 0.827 V) than that of Pt/BP (Fig.1b, E1/2
= 0.791 V) , commercial Pt/C (Fig.1c, E1/2
= 0.811 V) and the previously reported Pt1-N /BP catalysts6. This novel low-Pt electrocatalysts can be one of the promising alternatives to traditional Pt-based catalysts for the application in PEMFCs with its exceedingly improved Pt utilization and superhigh performance.

Acknowledgements

Work was funded by the national research foundation of Korea Grant, Korean government (MSIT) (NRF-2019M3D1A1079297)

References

(1)Steele, B. C. H.; Heinzel, A. Nature 2001, 414, 345.
(2)Wang, Y.-J.; Zhao, N.; Fang, B.; Li, H.; Bi, X. T.; Wang, H. Chemical Reviews 2015, 115, 3433.
(3)Stamenkovic, V. R.; Fowler, B.; Mun, B. S.; Wang, G.; Ross, P. N.; Lucas, C. A.; Markovic, N. M. Science 2007, 315, 493.
(4)Huang, X.; Zhao, Z.; Cao, L.; Chen, Y.; Zhu, E.; Lin, Z.; Li, M.; Yan, A.; Zettl, A.; Wang, Y. M.; Duan, X.; Mueller, T.; Huang, Y. Science 2015, 348, 1230.
(5)Cheng, H.; Cao, Z.; Chen, Z.; Zhao, M.; Xie, M.; Lyu, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Chi, M.; Xia, Y. Nano Letters 2019, 19, 4997.
(6)Liu, J.; Jiao, M.; Lu, L.; Barkholtz, H. M.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, L.; Wu, Z.; Liu, D.-j.; Zhuang, L.; Ma, C.; Zeng, J.; Zhang, B.; Su, D.; Song, P.; Xing, W.; Xu, W.; Wang, Y.; Jiang, Z.; Sun, G. nature commonications 2017, 8, 15938.
(7)Zhang, H.; An, P.; Zhou, W.; Guan, B. Y.; Zhang, P.; Dong, J.; Lou, X. W. Science Advances 2018, 4, eaao6657.

Figure 1
The Genomic Landscape of Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance to Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Patients with Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Wander Seth A. , Cohen Ofir , Gong Xueqian , Johnson Gabriela N. , Buendia-Buendia Jorge E. , Lloyd Maxwell R. , Kim Dewey , Luo Flora , Mao Pingping , Helvie Karla , Kowalski Kailey J. , Nayar Utthara , Waks Adrienne G. , Parsons Stephen H. , Martinez Ricardo , Litchfield Lacey M. , Ye Xiang S. , Yu Chunping , Jansen Valerie M. , Stille John R. , Smith Patricia S. , Oakley Gerard J. , Chu Quincy S. , Batist Gerald , Hughes Melissa E. , Kremer Jill D. , Garraway Levi A. , Winer Eric P. , Tolaney Sara M. , Lin Nancy U. , Buchanan Sean G. , Wagle Nikhil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMechanisms driving resistance to cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer have not been clearly defined. Whole-exome sequencing of 59 tumors with CDK4/6i exposure revealed multiple candidate resistance mechanisms including RB1 loss, activating alterations in AKT1, RAS, AURKA, CCNE2, ERBB2, and FGFR2, and loss of estrogen receptor expression. In vitro experiments confirmed that these alterations conferred CDK4/6i resistance. Cancer cells cultured to resistance with CDK4/6i also acquired RB1, KRAS, AURKA, or CCNE2 alterations, which conferred sensitivity to AURKA, ERK, or CHEK1 inhibition. Three of these activating alterations—in AKT1, RAS, and AURKA—have not, to our knowledge, been previously demonstrated as mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6i in breast cancer preclinically or in patient samples. Together, these eight mechanisms were present in 66% of resistant tumors profiled and may define therapeutic opportunities in patients.Significance:We identified eight distinct mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6i present in 66% of resistant tumors profiled. Most of these have a therapeutic strategy to overcome or prevent resistance in these tumors. Taken together, these findings have critical implications related to the potential utility of precision-based approaches to overcome resistance in many patients with HR+ metastatic breast cancer.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079
Increased Wall Enhancement During Follow-Up as a Predictor of Subsequent Aneurysmal Growth
Authors: Gariel Florent , Ben Hassen Wagih , Boulouis Grégoire , Bourcier Romain , Trystram Denis , Legrand Laurence , Rodriguez-Regent Christine , Saloner David , Oppenheim Catherine , Naggara Olivier , Edjlali Myriam 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose—
Absence of arterial wall enhancement (AWE) of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) has shown promise at predicting which aneurysms will not rupture. We here tested the hypothesis that increased enhancement during follow-up (increased intensity, extension, or thickness or appearance of de novo enhancement), assessed using vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging, was associated with higher rates of subsequent growth.

Methods—
Patients with UIA were included between 2012 and 2018. Two readers independently rated AWE modification on 3T vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging, and morphological changes on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography during follow-up.

Results—

A total of 129 patients harboring 145 UIA (mean size 4.1 mm) met study criteria, of which 12 (8.3%) displayed morphological growth at 2 years. Of them, 8 demonstrated increased AWE during follow-up before or concurrently to morphological growth, and 4 had preexisting AWE that remained stable before growth. In the remaining 133 (nongrowing) UIAs, no AWE modifications were found. In multivariable analysis, increased AWE, not size, was associated with UIA growth (relative risk, 26.1 [95% CI, 7.4–91.7],
P
<0.001). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for UIA growth of increased AWE during follow-up were, respectively, of 67%, 100%, 96%, and 100%.

Conclusions—
Increased AWE during follow-up of conservatively managed UIAs predicts aneurysm growth over a 2-year period. This may impact UIA management towards closer monitoring or preventive treatment. Replication in a different setting is warranted.
Exploring Local Church Praxis of Public Theology
Authors: Cronshaw Darren 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Baptist Union of Victoria (BUV) encourages local churches to give priority to contributing to the well-being of their local neighbourhoods through community engagement and advocacy. This commitment to holistic mission and local community development is an integral part of the public theology of local churches, given Elaine Graham’s argument that ‘practical care and service constitutes the essential praxis of public theology’. But to what extent does the reality of BUV local church mission match this rhetoric? The 2016 National Church Life Survey (NCLS) helps identify what community service BUV churches and their members are involved in. This article discusses the statistical state-wide responses of Victorian Baptists from NCLS 2016, together with interview responses from church leaders. It explores aspects of community development most valued by attenders, where church members are volunteering, and how and where churches are providing social services, prophetic advocacy and environmental care. This denominational case study illustrates that churches offering social services and fostering advocacy and creation care are functioning as the local praxis of public theology.
Is Sino-Christian Theology Truly “Theology”? Problematizing Sino-Christian Theology as a Public Theology
Authors: Lam Jason 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Most participants in the Sino-Christian theology movement are not affiliated with the church. This state of affairs naturally raises the question whether what scholarship arises is really a kind of theology or merely writings on public and/or political issues with reference to Christian themes. And yet the movement is more influential than the church in the Chinese public realm in terms of its ability to produce a Christian voice. The purpose of this article is first to examine the historical development of Sino-Christian theology over the past several decades. Some particular themes of this movement are then explored. These themes are intertwined with the discussion of polytheistic values, nationalism, and self-identity in times of cultural conflict: all of these matters are of wide public concern. There are evident tensions within the Sino-Christian theology movement: the intention is to show points of difference can be transformed and become a creative drive behind the construction of a new kind of theology in the Chinese public realm.
Beyond a Politicization of Persian Cats
Authors: Steward Theresa Parvin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this article I assess the convoluted relationship between Iranian popular musicians and the Western media. Iranian music is generally discussed within a framework of resistance and Iranian musicians are often presented as political ‘revolutionaries’. In this process, many contradictions emerge; musicians crave publicity and recognition, yet resist it in an attempt to present an image of themselves as part of a subversive Iranian ‘underground’, a highly-laden term which in itself is much contested among Iranian musicians. By examining specific media representations, interviewing musicians, and portraying them in an Iranian film marketed toward Western audiences, Bahman Ghobadi’s No One Knows About Persian Cats (2009) illustrates how Iranian musicians exist in a multi-faceted world, beyond protest and defiance. Musicians actively participate in their representation in the media by simultaneously perpetuating certain collective images and attempting to portray a unique sense of self-identity.
Reinventing Ruhowzi
Authors: Naqvi Erum 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the last few years, Tehran’s arts culture has seen the re-emergence of a thriving theater scene, including experimentation with various performance practices that were restricted in public forums for several years. In this article, I address a 2017 production called Gonbadgah which is a choreographed regional ethnic dance interwoven with classical music and staged as a story inspired by ruhowzi, the erstwhile cabaret theater of early twentieth-century Iran. Offering a genealogy of ruhowzi that traces its artists from from elite performers with royal patronage to low-brow urban entertainers in Pahlavi-era Iran, in this article I situate Gonbadgah as a production that aims to revisit the art form (one that much of today’s youth culture considers dated), and reframe it, leveraging the canon of ‘high’ classical music. As such, the production aims to cut across established musical hierarchies to offer a more egalitarian view of traditional arts for contemporary audiences.
‘Personal Effects’
Authors: Taleghani R. Shareah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Solmaz Sharif’s debut poetry collection, Look (2016), has been hailed by critics for its formal experimentation and as a searing indictment of war. Using various words from the 2007 Department of Defense (DOD) Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, Sharif highlights the sterility of the official vocabulary of the US military machine and the ‘war on terrorism’. The poet juxtaposes the DOD’s lexicon with reflections on personal relationships, family, love and loss along with traces of the multiple sites of home of an Istanbul-born, Iranian-American poet. In this essay, I argue that throughout the collection, the poet engages in a subversive, translative act; Sharif presents an intralingual mode of translation in which her poems destabilize the seeming neutrality and sanitizing effect of military vocabulary by consistently juxtaposing it with representations of the effects and consequences of violence, as well as images of intimacy, in order to articulate an anti-war stance.
The Pioneers of Iranian New Painting
Authors: Bombardier Alice 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In an interview, the Iranian painter Ahmad Esfandiari (1922–2012) related that he witnessed a particularly difficult time at the beginning of his career, when he did not know what direction his work might take. Slowly he overcame this fear of the unknown and discovered ‘the pleasure of uncharted paths’. But the critics did not see any social value in his work (Mojabi 1998: 155). In his testimony, Ahmad Esfandiari described the tumultuous 1940s, during which an innovative pictorial style called ‘New Painting’ appeared in Iran. Contrary to popular opinion, contemporary Iranian painting did not begin in the 1960s with the Saqqakhaneh group of artists. Its origins can be found in the 1940s. In this article, conceived as a manifesto, I introduce the first generation of New Painting artists and I argue against a canon that has overlooked them in spite of their innovative accomplishments and profound impact.
The Evolution of a Buoyant River Plume in Response to a Pulse of High Discharge from a Small Midlatitude River
Authors: Lemagie Emily , Lerczak James 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA unique feature of small mountainous rivers is that discharge can be elevated by an order of magnitude during a large rain event. The impact of time-varying discharge on freshwater transport pathways and alongshore propagation rates in the coastal ocean is not well understood. A suite of simulations in an idealized coastal ocean domain using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) with varying steady background discharge conditions (25–100 m3 s−1), pulse amplitude (200–800 m3 s−1), pulse duration (1–6 days), and steady downwelling-favorable winds (0–4 m s−1) are compared to investigate the downstream freshwater transport along the coast (in the direction of Kelvin wave propagation) following a discharge pulse from the river. The nose of the pulse propagates rapidly alongshore at 0.04–0.32 m s−1 (faster propagation corresponds with larger pulse volume and faster winds) transporting 13%–66% of the discharge. The remainder of the discharge volume initially accumulates in the bulge near the river mouth, with lower retention for longer pulse duration and stronger winds. Following the pulse, the bulge eddy disconnects from the river mouth and is advected downstream at 0–0.1 m s−1, equal to the depth-averaged wind-driven ambient water velocity. As it transits alongshore, it sheds freshwater volume farther downstream and the alongshore freshwater transport stays elevated between the nose and the transient bulge eddy. The evolution of freshwater transport at a plume cross section can be described by the background discharge, the passage of the pulse nose, and a slow exponential return to background conditions.
Primary thyroid squamous cell carcinoma – a Scottish National Case Series
Authors: Lim Alison E , Sooby Paul , Townsley Richard B 
Published: May 2020

Aim To present our national case series on primary thyroid squamous cell carcinoma (PTSCC) and add to the current literature about this rare and aggressive disease. Methods Scottish pathology departments were contacted and asked to provide details of patients with the diagnosis of PTSCC from the last 10 years. Three patients were included. Results Patients 1, 2 and 3 underwent surgical resection. Patients 1 and 3 went on to receive chemoradiotherapy. Patient 1 received nivolumab. Patient 1 died 10 months following diagnosis. Patient 2 and 3 are currently living with no recurrence, over two years post-diagnosis. Conclusion This case series has demonstrated an unusually good set of outcomes for a classically rapidly progressing disease with poor survival rates. This raises the question whether there is a subgroup of PTSCC associated with better outcomes and lower mortality. A patient-centred approach will give optimal patient management.
Distance from the nearest grocery stores and frequency of store-specific shopping are associated with dietary intake frequency among the community-dwelling independent elderly population
Authors: Iizaka Shinji , Koitabashi Emiko , Negishi Takako , Kawamura Aki , Iizuka Yuzuru 
Published: May 2020

Background: Low accessibility to grocery stores may change dietary habits and increase health problems for elderly people living in communities. Aim: This study investigated whether the distance from the nearest grocery stores, including supermarkets, convenience stores, and drugstores, and the frequency of store-specific shopping were associated with dietary intake frequency among elderly people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two towns of suburban cities. A total of 177 people aged ≥65 years were recruited ( M age=76.7 years). The frequency of intake of 10 food groups and dietary variety scores (DVS) were evaluated. Distances from the districts to the nearest grocery stores and the frequency of shopping during a week at each store were evaluated using a geographic information system. Results: For supermarkets, people living <300 metres from the nearest supermarket showed a higher intake frequency of fruit ( p=0.024) and oil/fat ( p=0.045), and those shopping three or more times a week showed a higher intake frequency of meat ( p=0.025). In the case of drugstores, people shopping one or more times a week showed a higher intake frequency of eggs ( p=0.006) and oil/fat ( p=0.048). People living <300 m from the nearest supermarkets ( p=0.048) and drugstores ( p=0.047) showed higher DVS than those living ≥500 m from the nearest supermarkets and drugstores. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that shopping at supermarkets and drugstores is associated with dietary intake frequency and dietary quality for elderly people living in suburban cities.
Steroid use after cardiac arrest is associated with favourable outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Qiang , Li Chunsheng 
Published: May 2020

Background The effect of steroid use on outcomes in patients with cardiac arrest (CA) remains controversial. We systematically reviewed the literature to investigate whether steroid use after CA increased the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate and survival to discharge in patients with CA. Methods PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on the effect of steroid use on outcomes in adults with CA. The outcomes were ROSC and survival to discharge. Results Seven studies (four RCTs and three observational studies) were included. Pooled analysis suggested that steroid use was associated with increased ROSC in patients with CA. Steroid use was significantly associated with survival to discharge, which was a consistent finding in RCTs and observational studies. Subgroup analysis based on the time of drug administration (during cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] vs. after CA) showed that steroid use during CPR and after CA were significantly associated with an increased rate of ROSC and survival to discharge. Conclusion Current evidence indicates that steroid use after CA could increase ROSC and survival to discharge in patients with CA. However, high-quality and adequately powered RCTs are warranted.
Home and Clinical Literacy Practices for Children With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Porod Therese K. , Gorman Brenda K. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine experiences and practices related to supporting literacy development and preventing reading difficulties in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Methods: Via online surveys, 67 respondents including 35 parents/guardians of children with CL/P and 32 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) answered questions about home literacy practices, clinical practices, and perceptions of SLPs’ role in literacy. Results: The variability in responses highlights both the positive contributions of parents/guardians and SLPs in supporting literacy development and preventing reading disabilities in children with cleft and the need for increased education and efforts to meet their literacy needs.