bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syngas to lower olefins over bulk Mo2N catalysts prepared with citric acid
Authors: Zaman Sharif F. , Alzahrani Abdulrahim A. , Podila Seetharamulu , Al Hamed Yahia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein, we report on the activity and selectivity of bulk γ‐Mo2N catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch lower olefin (FTO) synthesis. An increase in surface area and a decrease in crystallite size were observed for γ‐Mo2N catalysts prepared with the increased molar amount of citric acid (CA), used as a chelating agent during the catalyst synthesis. The reaction products were mainly C2–C3 hydrocarbons in the temperature range of 230–300°C at 2 MPa with a reactant feed composition of CO:H2:Ar = 42.7:34.6:20.8 and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 1.3 mol/(gcat.h). The catalytic activity of the γ‐Mo2N catalysts increased with increased CA:Mo molar ratio and with temperature. However, the hydrogenation activity of the catalysts also increased, resulting in increased selectivity to paraffins. Selectivity to olefins prefers low CA:Mo, that is, low surface area and large crystallite size of γ‐Mo2N. The γ‐Mo2N catalyst prepared with a CA:Mo ratio of 1 had 56.4 C atom% C2+ hydrocarbon selectivity, 62.4% of which was olefin with 37.8 C atom% selectivity to propylene at 275°C.
Anatomical and histological characteristics of the hepatobiliary system in adult Sox17 heterozygote mice
Authors: Pattarapanawan Montri , Uemura Mami , Miyazaki Nanae , Takami Shohei , Tomiyasu Hirotaka , Tsunekawa Naoki , Hirate Yoshikazu , Fujishiro Jun , Kurohmaru Masamichi , Kanai‐Azuma Masami , Higashiyama Hiroki , Kanai Yoshiakira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiliary atresia (BA) is a rare neonatal disease characterized by inflammation and obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBDs). The Sox17‐haploinsufficient (Sox17+/−) mouse is an animal model of BA that encompasses bile duct injury and subsequent BA‐like inflammation by the neonatal stage. Most Sox17+/− neonates die soon after birth, but some Sox17+/− pups reach adulthood and have a normal life span, unlike human BA. However, the phenotype and BA‐derived scars in the hepatobiliary organs of surviving Sox17+/− mice are unknown. Here, we examined the phenotypes of the hepatobiliary organs in post‐weaning and young adult Sox17+/− mice. The results confirmed the significant reduction in liver weight, together with peripheral calcinosis and aberrant vasculature in the hepatic lobule, in surviving Sox17+/− mice as compared with their wild‐type (WT) littermates. Such hepatic phenotypes may be sequelae of hepatobiliary damage at the fetal and neonatal stages, a notion supported by the slight, but significant, increases in the levels of serum markers of liver damage in adult Sox17+/− mice. The surviving Sox17+/− mice had a shorter gallbladder in which ectopic hepatic ducts were more frequent compared to WT mice. Also, the surviving Sox17+/− mice showed neither obstruction of the EHBDs nor atrophy or inflammation of hepatocytes or the intrahepatic ducts. These data suggest that some Sox17+/− pups with BA naturally escape lethality and recover from fetal hepatobiliary damages during the perinatal period, highlighting the usefulness of the in vivo model in understanding the hepatobiliary healing processes after surgical restoration of bile flow in human BA.
Chronic restraint stress increases social interaction in C57BL/6J mice monitoring through MiceProfiler analysis
Authors: Zhao Wenbo , Hu Yanlai , Sun Qiyun , Li Shangzhi , Gao Zijie , Lin Minjuan , Ding Zhaoxi , Sun Jinhao , Li Chuangang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe social deficit is a prevailing symptom in stress‐induced depression. Although social interaction behavior has been widely studied in humans and rodents, it is imprecise to record the social behavior between two free‐moving mice via perusal. In the present study, we applied an approach to analyze the social behavior in mice using a software named “MiceProfiler.” C57BL/6J mice were stressed via chronic restraint stress (CRS) and housed in three populations of different sizes as follows: single, three in a cage, and six in a cage. The MiceProfiler was used to analyze the video of behavioral repertoire and, the result showed that stressed and single housed mice exhibited more social interaction both in the contact time and contact activities. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of CRS on social behavior when the mice were housed in larger populations size (three or six in a cage) and found that, the CRS procedure promoted social interaction. However, the larger population size resulted in the less total contact time, less time of head–tail, and moving in an opposite way. Besides, the CRS mice showed less social avoidance while the mice from a larger population presented less active contact. And the CRS mice also exhibited a higher social hierarchy compared with the control. Our data indicated that mild restraint stress might increase the intercommunication between mice. Collectively, our findings provided a new evidence for social behavior study and the MiceProfiler could be a new tool to measure the social behaviors of rodents.
Lithium and beryllium in solar twins
Authors: Meléndez Jorge 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSolar twins are stars with a mass and chemical composition similar to the Sun; therefore, they follow about the same evolution and can be used to study the past and future of the Sun. I review the evolution of lithium and beryllium in solar‐mass solar‐metallicity main sequence stars, using a differential spectroscopic analysis of solar twins relative to the Sun, allowing precise determination of stellar ages thanks to the precise stellar parameters (Teff, log g, [Fe/H]) achieved with high‐resolution high S/N spectra. There is a clear trend of lithium depletion with increasing ages, while beryllium is only slightly depleted, suggesting a relatively shallow extra‐mixing in Sun‐like stars. I also discuss the possible connection between lithium and planets. Finally, I review lithium and beryllium in binary solar analogs with mass‐transfer events (“blue lurkers”).
Nodal and systemic recurrence following observation of a positive sentinel lymph node in melanoma
Authors: Bartlett E K , Lee A Y , Spanheimer P M , Bello D M , Brady M S , Ariyan C E , Coit D G 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Two RCTs found no survival benefit for completion lymphadenectomy after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy compared with observation with ultrasound in patients with melanoma. Recurrence patterns and regional control are not well described for patients undergoing observation alone.

Methods
All patients with a positive sentinel node biopsy who did not have immediate completion lymphadenectomy were identified from a single-institution database (1995–2018). First recurrences were classified as node only, local and in-transit (LCIT) only, LCIT and nodal, or systemic. Regional control and factors associated with recurrence survival were analysed.

Results
Median follow-up was 33 months. Of 370 patients, 158 (42·7 per cent) had a recurrence. The sites of first recurrence were node only (13·2 per cent), LCIT only (11·9 per cent), LCIT and nodal (3·5 per cent), and systemic (13·8 per cent). The 3-year postrecurrence melanoma-specific survival rate was 73 (95 per cent c.i. 54 to 86) per cent for patients with node-only first recurrence, and 51 (31 to 68) per cent for those with initial systemic recurrence. In multivariable analysis, ulceration in the primary lesion (hazard ratio (HR) 2·53, 95 per cent c.i. 1·27 to 5·04), disease-free interval 12 months or less (HR 2·38, 1·28 to 4·35), and systemic (HR 2·57, 1·16 to 5·65) or LCIT and nodal (HR 2·94, 1·11 to 7·79) first recurrence were associated significantly with decreased postrecurrence survival. Maintenance of regional control required therapeutic lymphadenectomy in 13·0 per cent of patients during follow-up.

Conclusion
Observation after a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy is associated with good regional control, permits assessment of the time to and pattern of recurrence, and spares lymphadenectomy-related morbidity in patients with melanoma.
Reducing Agent‐Mediated Nonenzymatic Conversion of 2‐Oxoglutarate to Succinate: Implications for Oxygenase Assays
Authors: Khan Amjad , Schofield Christopher J. , Claridge Timothy D. W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstractl‐Ascorbate (l‐Asc) is often added to assays with isolated FeII‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate (2OG)‐dependent oxygenases to enhance activity. l‐Asc is proposed to be important in catalysis by some 2OG oxygenases in vivo. We report observations on the nonenzymatic conversion of 2OG to succinate, which is mediated by hydrogen peroxide generated by the reaction of l‐Asc and dioxygen. Slow nonenzymatic oxidation of 2OG to succinate occurs with some, but not all, other reducing agents commonly used in 2OG oxygenase assays. We intend these observations will help in the robust assignment of substrates and inhibitors for 2OG oxygenases.
A preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy in a forensic psychiatric setting
Authors: Moulden Heather M. , Mamak Mini , Chaimowitz Gary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a therapy model incorporating elements of Eastern philosophies and cognitive behavioural principles. Originally designed for people struggling with chronic suicidality and borderline personality disorder (BPD), it has been adapted to treat complex, multi‐diagnostic presentations, such as those in forensic mental health settings. To date, there has been little evaluation when the primary diagnosis is of psychosis. To explore the effectiveness of DBT, with patients, with multiple comorbidities, including psychosis, in a forensic psychiatric inpatient setting. A descriptive outcome study with a cohort of offender‐patients in one specialist forensic mental health unit. Before and after treatment change scores were compared on anger, aggression, hopefulness, coping abilities, emotional intelligence, insight and subjective symptom severity scales, as well as staff‐rated risk, and length of stay. Nine men and five women residents in one Canadian secure hospital completed a standard DBT programme, and self‐ratings, over about 1 year. Scale scores indicated significantly increased insight and acknowledgment of problems. Apparently increased anger and vengeance scores were clinically associated. Independent staff ratings indicated reductions in risk and most patients achieved early release. This study provides support for extension of the use of DBT to offender‐patients with psychosis among the complex mix in their presentation. It suggests that a randomised controlled trial with cost–benefit analysis is warranted, as well as further work, to promote understanding of mechanisms of effectiveness.
Patient care protocols and personal safety measures for health care professionals in cardiac catheterization rooms during the COVID‐19 outbreak in the National Institute of Cardiology
Authors: Eid‐Lidt Guering , Farjat Pasos Julio Iván 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 was first described in late 2019 that quickly became a pandemic affecting every health system as we know it. The high transmissibility among humans represents a well‐known high burden of morbidity and mortality not only for cardiovascular patients but also for a higher risk between health care professionals that must deliver high‐quality care to them in any scenario, and cardiac catheterization rooms are no exception. This creates a new dilemma, minimize exposure to patients and health care professionals to COVID‐19 while maintaining high quality in cardiovascular therapeutics. In order to achieve this, several international recommendations on treatment algorithms modifications and in safety measures in the catheterization room have been published, always aiming to solve this dilemma in the best possible way. Hereby, we present a summary of the most recent treatment algorithms in the most important cardiovascular interventions (acute coronary syndromes, structural and congenital heart diseases) as well as specific safety measures with a step‐by‐step preparedness before and after any interventional procedure during COVID‐19 outbreak. The objective of this document is to inform and to train health care professionals that works in cardiac catheterization rooms on the risks as well on the plan for containment, mitigation, and response to the global situation of COVID‐19 infection in order to apply this in their own local work environments.
Hepatic encephalopathy due to extrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Sazumi Yosuke , Nishimura Yoshito , Otsuka Yuki , Mizuta Yuki , Nakano Yasuhiro , Sakae Hiroyuki , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClinicians should recognize extrahepatic portosystemic shunt as a cause of refractory or intermittent hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment strategies should be individualized according to patients' anatomic and hemodynamic status.
Electrically Healable and Mechano‐Sensitive Gel Composites of Carbon Nanotubes and Conducting Polymers
Authors: Yang Ji Yun , Cho Wansu , Choi Gyeonghyeon , Park Chiyoung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe performed a one‐pot mechanosynthesis of adaptive conducting gels using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and a non‐volatile eutectic liquid (EL) of diphenylamine (DP) with benzophenone (BP). Upon further mixing with ammonium persulfate (APS), oxidative polymerization of DPs enabled the generation of electrically healable conductors containing poly(diphenylamine) (PDPA) as an adaptive matrix. The resulting composite gels were created through a synergistic combination of CNTs and PDPAs, which exhibited printable and conductive characteristics. Thus, after printing on an elastic substrate, the conducting ink composite displayed excellent electromechanical sensory properties.
Metal‐Free C−H Borylation of N‐Heteroarenes by Boron Trifluoride
Authors: Iashin Vladimir , Berta Dénes , Chernichenko Konstantin , Nieger Martin , Moslova Karina , Pápai Imre , Repo Timo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganoboron compounds are essential reagents in modern C−C coupling reactions. Their synthesis via catalytic C−H borylation by main group elements is emerging as a powerful tool alternative to transition metal based catalysis. Herein, a straightforward metal‐free synthesis of aryldifluoroboranes from BF3 and heteroarenes is reported. The reaction is assisted by sterically hindered amines and catalytic amounts of thioureas. According to computational studies the reaction proceeds via frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) mechanism. The obtained aryldifluoroboranes are further stabilized against destructive protodeborylation by converting them to the corresponding air stable tetramethylammonium organotrifluoroborates.
Imaging Flow Cytometry Analysis of CEACAM Binding to Opa‐Expressing Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Werner Lacie M. , Palmer Allison , Smirnov Asya , Belcher Dufrisne Meagan , Columbus Linda , Criss Alison K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHuman carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) are a family of receptors that mediate intercellular interactions. Pathogenic bacteria have ligands that bind CEACAMs on human cells. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc) encodes numerous unique outer membrane opacity‐associated (Opa) proteins that are ligands for one or more CEACAMs. CEACAMs that are expressed on epithelial cells facilitate Gc colonization, while those expressed on neutrophils affect phagocytosis and consequent intracellular survival of Gc. Since Opa protein expression is phase‐variable, variations in receptor tropism affect how individual bacteria within a population interact with host cells. Here we report the development of a rapid, quantitative method for collecting and analyzing fluorescence intensity data from thousands of cells in a population using imaging flow cytometry to detect N‐CEACAM bound to the surface of Opa‐expressing Gc. We use this method to confirm previous findings regarding Opa‐CEACAM interactions and to examine the receptor–ligand interactions of Gc expressing other Opa proteins, as well as for other N‐CEACAM proteins. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Modern termites inherited the potential of collective construction from their common ancestor
Authors: Mizumoto Nobuaki , Bourguignon Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnimal collective behaviors give rise to various spatial patterns, such as the nests of social insects. These structures are built by individuals following a simple set of rules, slightly varying within and among species, to produce a large diversity of shapes. However, little is known about the origin and evolution of the behavioral mechanisms regulating nest structures. In this study, we discuss the perspective of inferring the evolution of collective behaviors behind pattern formations using a phylogenetic framework. We review the collective behaviors that can be described by a single set of behavioral rules, and for which variations of the environmental and behavioral parameter values produce diverse patterns. We propose that this mechanism could be at the origin of the pattern diversity observed among related species, and that, when they are placed in the proper conditions, species have the behavioral potential to form patterns observed in related species. The comparative analysis of shelter tube construction by lower termites is consistent with this hypothesis. Although the use of shelter tubes in natural conditions is variable among species, most modern species have the potential to build them, suggesting that the behavioral rules for shelter tube construction evolved once in the common ancestor of modern termites. Our study emphasizes that comparative studies of behavioral rules have the potential to shed light on the evolution of collective behaviors.
Testing Darwin’s naturalization conundrum based on taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional dimensions of vascular plants
Authors: Pinto‐Ledezma Jesús N. , Villalobos Fabricio , Reich Peter B. , Catford Jane A. , Larkin Daniel J. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCharles Darwin posited two alternative hypotheses to explain the success of nonnative species based on their relatedness to natives: nonnative species that are closely related to native species could experience (1) higher invasion success because of an increased probability of habitat suitability (conferred by trait similarity) or (2) lower invasion success due to biotic interference, such as competition and limiting similarity. The paradox raised by the opposing predictions of these two hypotheses has been termed “Darwin’s naturalization conundrum” (DNC). Using plant communities measured repeatedly across an experimental fire gradient in an oak savanna (Minnesota, USA) over 31 yr, we evaluated the DNC by incorporating taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic information. We used a “focal‐species” approach, in which the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic structure of species co‐occurring with a given nonnative (focal) species in local communities was quantified. We found three main results: first, nonnative species tended to co‐occur most with closely related natives, except at the extreme ends of the fire gradient (i.e., in communities with no fire and those subjected to high fire frequencies); second, with increasing fire frequency, nonnative species were functionally more similar to native species in recipient communities; third, functional similarity between co‐occurring nonnatives and natives was stable over time, but their phylogenetic similarity was not, suggesting that dynamic external forces (e.g., climate variability) influenced the phylogenetic relatedness of nonnatives to natives. Our results provide insights for understanding invasion dynamics across environmental gradients and highlight the importance of evaluating different dimensions of biodiversity in order to draw stronger inferences regarding species co‐occurrence at different spatial and temporal scales.
Glycosaminoglycans bind human IL‐27 and regulate its activity
Authors: Cavé Marie‐Charlotte , Maillard Solène , Hildenbrand Karen , Mamelonet Claire , Feige Matthias J , Devergne Odile 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIL‐27 is a cytokine of the IL‐12 family, composed of EBI3 and IL‐27p28. IL‐27 regulates immune responses and also other physiological processes including hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, and bone formation. Its receptor, composed of IL‐27Rα and gp130, activates the STAT pathway. Here, we show that different glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) modulate human IL‐27 activity in vitro. We find that soluble heparin and heparan sulfate efficiently inhibit human IL‐27 activity as shown by decreased STAT signaling and downstream biological effects. In contrast, membrane‐bound heparan sulfate seems to positively regulate IL‐27 activity. Our biochemical studies demonstrate that soluble GAGs directly bind to human IL‐27, consistent with in silico analyses, and prevent its binding to IL‐27Rα. Although murine IL‐27 also bound to GAGs in vitro, its activity was less efficiently inhibited by soluble GAGs. Lastly, we show that two heparin‐derivatives, low molecular weight heparin and fondaparinux, that like unfractionated heparin are used in clinics, had weaker or no effect on human IL‐27 activity. Together, our data identify GAGs as new players in the regulation of human IL‐27 activity that might act under physiological conditions and may also have a clinical impact in heparin‐treated patients.
Analysis of security and energy efficiency for shortest route discovery in low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol using Levenberg‐Marquardt neural network and gated recurrent unit for intrusion detection system
Authors: Mittal Mohit , Iwendi Celestine , Khan Suleman , Rehman Javed Abdul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of a huge number of autonomous sensor nodes having capabilities such as sensing, processing, and manipulation. In any WSN, routing protocols are the backbone for performing all type tasks such as sensing, controlling, and transmission of packets in ubiquitous environment. In this article, a LEACH protocol with Levenberg‐Marquardt neural network (LEACH‐LMNN) is considered to analyze the overall network lifetime. The aim of LEACH‐LMNN protocol comprises two parts: selection of cluster head node using LMNN approach and the second part is to locate the shortest path from the cluster‐head node to base‐station node adopting various route discovery algorithms, that is, breadth‐first search, Bellman‐Ford, and Dijkstra. The simulation result shows that the LEACH‐LMNN protocol with the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm outperforms other route discovery algorithms. In addition to this, this work also analyzes normal and anomaly detection based on intrusion detection system in wireless sensor networks using gated mechanism, that is, long short‐term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) in deep learning models. The proposed model achieves the highest detection rate of 97.84% for GRU and 97.85% for LSTM as well as improves the false positive rate (FPR) of 5.87% and 3.88% FPR for GRU and LSTM, respectively.