bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern approaches to the treatment of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis
Authors: Bairashevskaia Anastasiia V. , Kytko Olesya V. , Vasil`ev Yuriy L. , Kashtanov Artem D. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Today, chronic polypous rhinosinusitis (CPR) occupies a special place among otolaryngological diseas­es, the incidence rate of which increases every year. To date, the main causes of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis are Staphylococcus aureus and anatomical abnormalities.
Diagnostics: Knowledge of a universal algorithm for the diagnosis of this disease, consisting of the collection of an­amnesis, endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity, computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses, anterior active rhinomanometry and bacteriological determination of the microbial spectrum, allows diagnosing chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis in time, and, as a consequence, to prescribe a treatment.
Treatment: This review describes conservative therapies, including antibiotics and glucocorticosteroids. Today, the main task of doctors is to find the most effective method of administration of glucocorticosteroids to achieve the max­imum effect. One of these methods is the introduction of the drug with the help of nebulizer, as in this case, the drug will remain in the perirhinal cavity for a long time and have the maximum effect due to the directed action only in the area of the pathological process.
Features of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis in childhood: It should be noted that children under 12 years of age due to the formation of the paranasal sinuses at different stages of ontogenesis will be characterized by different forms of chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis. That is why they should be known and taken into account when making a diagnosis and prescribing a treatment.
Conclusion: Today, the frequency of chronic rhinosinusitis increases exponentially, which makes the question of the modern approach to its treatment the most relevant. It is possible that additional research in this area will solve the issue of searching for both the optimal path of therapy and treatment of CPR in children.
13. La concurrence au service du capital : stratégies de l’État actionnaire et politiques de compétitivité à la SNCF
Authors: Brouté Rémi , Finez Jean 
Published: June 2020

Depuis le début des années 2000, la stratégie d’investissement de l’État dans le secteur ferroviaire évolue d’une logique de service public à une logique marchande. L’ouverture progressive à la concurrence s’explique ainsi par la recherche d’une productivité accrue de la SNCF (Société nationale des chemins de fer français). Elle révèle la gestion actionnariale de l’entreprise par l’État, dont les résultats sont questionnés. Mais quels sont les effets d’une telle transformation sur l’emploi et les relations professionnelles ? Recrutement hors-statut, atomisation des salariés, recours accru à la sous-traitance... La recherche de productivité a un coût pour les employés de la SNCF.
Le frère Marie-Victorin (1885-1944) et l’évolution
Authors: Perru Olivier 
Published: June 2020

Cet article retrace les lignes directrices de la vie et de la pensée du frère Marie-Victorin (1885-1944), frère des écoles chrétiennes, botaniste, auteur de la Flore laurentienne , en vue de situer ses travaux en relation avec la théorie de l’évolution. Après de premières publications peu favorables au darwinisme, les observations et études qu’entreprit Marie-Victorin dans les années 1920 lui montrèrent l’évidence d’une distribution biogéographique évolutive des végétaux au Québec. De plus, le voyage au congrès de l’Association britannique pour l’avancement des sciences, au Cap, en 1929, fut l’occasion de rencontres avec l’abbé Breuil, puis avec le chanoine Grégoire ; il affûta alors son argumentation sur les preuves de l’évolution dans la flore du Nord-Est de l’Amérique. Sa vision évolutive n’est cependant pas darwinienne stricto sensu mais marquée par divers courants actifs au début du xx e siècle : le mutationnisme (Hugo De Vries), la pensée de Teilhard de Chardin et les points de vue des scientifiques de Louvain (Henry de Dorlodot, Victor Grégoire).
De l’épistémologie de la théorie du droit
Authors: Moor Pierre 
Published: June 2020

On ne peut aborder la théorie du droit sans répondre préalablement à deux questions : que veut-on entendre par « droit », puis, en fonction de la compréhension qu’on en a, quels sont les instruments théoriques adéquats pour son analyse. Sur la première question, on comprendra le phénomène juridique dans la réalité de son fonctionnement : c’est-à-dire un système composé d’un ensemble de textes, dont les plus importants sont normatifs, textes qui sont produits par un ensemble d’acteurs – les juristes –, ou avec lesquels ceux-ci travaillent. C’est le fonctionnement de ce système complexe que la théorie du droit doit expliciter. La réponse à la seconde question – les instruments théoriques adéquats – découlent de cette analyse. Ils seront puisés d’une part dans la sémiologie, dans la mesure où le droit est impensable sans que soit prise en compte sa dimension textuelle, donc langagière : définir le statut sémiotique des signes formant les textes normatifs est donc indispensable à la compréhension du rapport qu’entretiennent les normes avec les choses qu’elles visent. D’autre part, la théorie contemporaine des systèmes permet d’appréhender le tissu des relations internes entre les acteurs du droit, tissu différencié qui lui confère son identité autoréférentielle, et de mettre en lumière les modalités de sa relation avec son environnement social. Le point de vue, en résumé, peut être dit externe, puisqu’il n’utilise pas des concepts juridiques, mais, au contraire, en fait son objet d’analyse ; et la théorie du droit, n’étant pas une discipline juridique, est un élément de la sociologie du droit.
L’homme augmenté : quelle dignité humaine pour encadrer les progrès de la génétique ?
Authors: Marot Jean-Aymeric 
Published: June 2020

La notion de « dignité humaine » est ambivalente, mobilisée tantôt pour soutenir les grands principes de protection de l’espèce entière et tantôt pour justifier l’affirmation croissante du pouvoir d’autodétermination des individus sur leur propre corps. Aujourd’hui, à l’heure où les mystères du génome humain se dévoilent peu à peu, l’utilisation de technologies d’augmentation s’inscrit dans la droite lignée de cette tendance autonomiste mais suscite de nouvelles craintes quant à la préservation du patrimoine génétique, à la détermination de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant ou encore au droit à la vie privée. À ces égards, une intervention des autorités publiques sera requise afin d’assurer la sauvegarde des valeurs les plus fondamentales sur lesquelles est bâtie notre société.
Assessment of Continuing Education Needs Among Critical Care Nurses in Remote Québec, Canada
Authors: Gosselin Mélissa , Perron Annie , Lacasse Anaïs 
Published: June 2020

Background:
This study analyzed the needs of critical care nurses in remote regions of Québec regarding continuing education (CE).

Method:
A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and June 2018.

Results:
A total of 78 nurses completed the survey and reported their CE needs were not being met. Only 21.9% of participants reported a satisfaction level ≥ 6 on a scale of 1 to 10 regarding the offering of CE activities in their region. The most common factors identified as barriers to participation in CE activities were working hours (68.2%), distance and travel time (68.2%), released time to attend CE activities (65.2%), costs of CE activities (57.6%), and financial support (51.5%).

Conclusion:

This study provides insights into CE needs among critical care nurses. Shortcomings could be addressed by increasing CE activities in remote regions as well as the proportion of critical care-specific CE activities. Moreover, time and expense coverage should be offered by employers.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(7):322–330.]
Fantasmagorie du musée : vers une visite numérique et récréative
Authors: Navarro Nicolas , Renaud Lise 
Published: June 2020

Dans un contexte de prolifération des applications mobile de visite de musées, cet article fait le choix d’interroger les discours qui escortent cette offre de médiation. Les vidéos de présentation en ligne de ces applications produites par les musées sont un terrain propice pour étudier les représentations d’une visite avec ces guides d’aide à l’interprétation. À partir d’une analyse socio-sémiotique d’un corpus de 23 vidéos de musées, cet article montre que ces vidéos travaillent à la rénovation de l’image de l’institution par un jeu d’affiliation à des pratiques de loisirs, tout en entraînant leur énonciateur dans le registre publicitaire. Il révèle l’élaboration d’une fantasmagorie qui puise ses valeurs et son esthétique dans les discours des industries de la communication et du numérique.
Les animaux dans les expositions universelles au xixe siècle : monstration, ordonnancement et requalification du vivant. Paris et Londres, 1851-1889
Authors: Corbillé Sophie , Fantin Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2020

Les expositions universelles sont l’un des nombreux dispositifs de monstration des animaux émergeant au cours de la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, mais leur place au sein de ces événements n’a que très peu été interrogée jusqu’alors : comment sont-ils présentés et mis en scène ? En quoi les expositions universelles participent-elles à leur (re)qualification ? Et en quoi contribuent-elles à la fabrication de nouveaux rapports entre humains et non-humains ? C’est à ces questions que cet article propose de répondre, à travers une triple structure conceptuelle. D’abord, parce qu’elle est avant tout un spectacle, l’exposition vient dire la jubilation de la monstration du vivant que l’on cherche à ordonner, à classer et à redéfinir. Ce processus engendre des logiques de qualification des animaux qui instaurent des représentations des relations de l’homme au vivant, oscillant entre une altérité farouchement défendue et le continuisme allant jusqu’à une intimité partagée. Enfin, l’exhibition des animaux les transforme en « acteurs-objets » au service du capitalisme en expansion, sous l’égide de la « modernité » et du « progrès ».
Le patrimoine vitivinicole dans « Des racines et des ailes » : entre immuabilité et renouvellement
Authors: Laborderie Pascal 
Published: June 2020

En 2015, à la suite de l’inscription des coteaux, maisons et caves de Champagne ainsi que des climats du vignoble de Bourgogne sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco, le paysage audiovisuel français a été marqué par la production de nombreux films documentaires à thématique vitivinicole. Cet article se propose de considérer comment ces films participent à la pérennisation de stéréotypes et constituent en même temps un discours nouveau sur le vin. Il s’appuie sur l’étude d’un corpus de films diffusés par le programme télévisuel « Des racines et des ailes », en particulier sur les épisodes de la 19e saison, dans la collection « Passion patrimoine » (2015-2016). L’article étudie en quoi le discours sur le vin dans cette série documentaire télévisuelle est écartelé entre deux pôles, l’un patrimonial, l’autre technique, qui sont de plus en plus difficiles à concilier.
Consensus Recommendations on the Prehospital Care of the Injured Athlete With a Suspected Catastrophic Cervical Spine Injury
Authors: Mills Brianna M. , Conrick Kelsey M. , Anderson Scott , Bailes Julian , Boden Barry P. , Conway Darryl , Ellis James , Feld Francis , Grant Murphy , Hainline Brian , Henry Glenn , Herring Stanley A. , Hsu Wellington K. , Isakov Alex , Lindley Tory R. , McNamara Lance , Mihalik Jason P. , Neal Timothy L. , Putukian Margot , Rivara Frederick P. , Sills Allen K. , Swartz Erik E. , Vavilala Monica S. , Courson Ron 
Published: June 2020

Introduction
Sports participation is among the leading causes of catastrophic cervical spine injury (CSI) in the United States. Appropriate prehospital care for athletes with suspected CSIs should be available at all levels of sport. The goal of this project was to develop a set of best-practice recommendations appropriate for athletic trainers, emergency responders, sports medicine and emergency physicians, and others engaged in caring for athletes with suspected CSIs.

Methods
A consensus-driven approach (RAND/UCLA method) in combination with a systematic review of the available literature was used to identify key research questions and develop conclusions and recommendations on the prehospital care of the spine-injured athlete. A diverse panel of experts, including members of the National Athletic Trainers' Association, the National Collegiate Athletic Association, and the Sports Institute at UW Medicine participated in 4 Delphi rounds and a 2-day nominal group technique meeting. The systematic review involved 2 independent reviewers and 4 rounds of blinded review.

Results
The Delphi process identified 8 key questions to be answered by the systematic review. The systematic review comprised 1544 studies, 49 of which were included in the final full-text review. Using the results of the systematic review as a shared evidence base, the nominal group technique meeting created and refined conclusions and recommendations until consensus was achieved.

Conclusions
These conclusions and recommendations represent a pragmatic approach, balancing expert experiences and the available scientific evidence.
Chieftaincy: An Anachronistic Institution within a Democratic Dispensation? The Case of a Traditional Political System in Ghana
Authors: Kwabena Boateng Kwabena , Afranie Stephen 
Published: June 2020

Prior to colonial rule, governance in Africa rested on chiefs. However, colonialism and other currents of social change reduced the powers and functions of chiefs. Critics tagged the chieftaincy institution as anachronistic and even predicted its demise during the struggle for independence. However, chieftaincy has persisted after several years of Ghana’s independence. The paper specifically seeks to answer two fundamental questions: Is chieftaincy anachronistic? And, how relevant is chieftaincy in Ghana’s democratic dispensation. The paper is a desk review examining the instrumentality of the chieftaincy institution in the midst of a web of reputational challenges in contemporary Ghana. The study unearthed that the anachronistic label is pivoted on the undemocratic nature of chieftaincy institution and, chieftaincy and land disputes. Despite the above label, it was also found that chiefs are instrumental in conflict resolution, governance and administration, promotion of education and economic empowerment and performance of representational and diplomatic roles. Though people continue to perceive the chieftaincy institution as undemocratic, the institution has critical roles to play in contemporary Ghana. This paper recommends that studies should be conducted on how chiefs can be integrated into modern governance structures for them to contribute to national development.
Keywords: Chieftaincy, Anachronistic, Democratic, Social change, Traditionalism, Conservatism
Constipation-relieving effect of L-arabinose
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Wenxian , Jiang Bin 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the mitigating effect of L-arabinose on constipation in a mouse model of experimental constipation.Methods: Kunming mice were used as experimental animals to establish a constipation model. Intestinal propulsion, first defecation time, number of defecation pellets, and the weight of defecation pellets in 5 h were measured. L-Arabinose was given at 3 dose levels, viz, low dose (0.5 g/kg/day),medium dose (0.75 g/kg/day), and high dose (2.5 g/kg/day), and their effects on constipation were compared with that of the model control group.Results: Compared with the model control group, there were significant differences in ink propulsion (F= 22.67, p < 0.05); time taken for first black stool to appear (F = 19.51, p < 0.05), number of fecal pellets (F = 12.22, p < 0.05), and fecal weight (F = 5, p < 0.05) in the L-arabinose groups.Conclusion: L-Arabinose relieves constipation symptoms in an experimental mouse model of constipation. Therefore, L-arabinose may be useful in the management of patients with constipation, but further studies in humans are required to ascertain this.
Keywords: L-Arabinose, Fecal pellets/grains, Constipation, Stool, Intestinal propulsion
Baicalein inhibits the invasion of human cervical cancer cells by inhibiting the hedgehog/Gli signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Hai , Xia Jiyi , Li Yan , Cao Yong , Tang Li , Yu Xiaolan 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To identify the role of baicalein in human cervical cancer and to determine whether baicalein treatment affects hedgehog/Gli signaling pathway.
Methods: Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and colony formation assays. Cell death rate was assessed by PI-staining and FACS assay. Furthermore, cell invasion was assessed by Transwell assay while the levels of the key proteins were measured by western blotting analysis.
Results: Baicalein suppressed the viability and proliferation of HeLa cells. The colony formation ability and relative migration rate were significantly decreased in the HeLa cells treated with 50 μM baicalein. Furthermore, the levels of Shh, Gli1, MMP-9, and VEGF declined significantly in baicalein-treated cells.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that baicalein inhibits the growth and invasiveness of cervical cancer cells partly by suppressing the activation of hedgehog/Gli signaling pathway in a concentrationdependent manner.
Keywords: Cervical cancer, baicalein, hedgehog/Gli pathway, MMP-9
α-Mangostin protects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing the activation of HIF-1α
Authors: Jiang Hong , Guo Wenli , Zhu Dongdong , Zhang Wei , Yu Jing , Feng Manli , Wang Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaopeng , Jiao Yanan , Wang Chengcheng , Chen Yan 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the cytoprotective effect of α-mangostin on myocardial tissues in ischemic rats, and the underlying mechanism.Methods: Histopathological changes in myocardial tissues were determined using inverted microscope. Protein expressions were measured by western blotting, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assay the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9 and caspase-8.Results: Treatment with α-mangostin (20 mg/kg) suppressed production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides in myocardial tissues of MI/R rats, and significantly alleviated MI/R injurymediated reduction in ATP levels in cardiac tissues (p < 0.05). α-Mangostin treatment of MI/R injury rats suppressed HIF-1α activation, and markedly elevated BNIP3 levels, relative to model group. Moreover, MI/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was significantly alleviated by α-mangostin treatment (p < 0.05). Treatment with α-mangostin also suppressed I/R-induced increases in caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation in myocardial tissues, improved Nrf-2 activation, and promoted HO-1 and GST levels in MI/R injury rats (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that α-mangostin protects rat cardiac tissues from MI/R-induced oxidative damage via reduction of HIF-1α expression, inhibition of ROS generation and suppression of apoptosis. Therefore, α-mangostin may be of therapeutic importance for the management of myocardial ischemia in humans.
Keywords: α-Mangostin, Hypoxia, Inflammation, Nrf-2, Oxidative stress, Reperfusion
Antidiabetic potential of <i>Nigella sativa</i> L seed oil in alloxaninduced diabetic rabbits
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Tahir , Qadir Rahman , Bukhari Iqra , Ashraf Rana Azeem , Malik Zoha , Zahoor Sadaf , Murtaza Mian Anjum , Siddique Farzana , Shah Syed Naseer Hussain , Saadia Mubshara 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant potential of seed oil of Nigella sativa L (NSO).
Methods: Nigella sativa seed oil (NSO) was extracted with Soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether, and was given orally at a dose of 2.5 ml/kg body weight to alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits daily for 24 days. Biochemical parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and plasma glucose were determined in the treatment and control groups. Furthermore, bilirubin, vitamin C, catalase and mean body weight were assessed.
Results: NSO treatment significantly lowered serum blood glucose levels and lipid contents, but increased the mean body weight, HDL-C and vitamin C levels of diabetic rabbits (p < 0.001). Moreover, NSO significantly decreased catalase activity, TC, TGs, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels, but normalized bilirubin levels in diabetic rabbits.
Conclusion: These results indicate that NSO possesses significant antidiabetic potential. Thus, it may be useful as an adjunct with antidiabetic medication but further studies are required to ascertain this.
Keywords: Black cumin, Diabetes, Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, Antioxidants
Effect of polysaccharide from the root of <i>Bupleurum Chinese</i> DC and <i>Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</i> Willd on hydrogen peroxide-induced myocardial apoptosis
Authors: Gong Jun-hui , Liu Xue-qing , Ouyang Wei-li , Zhu Hong-tao , Ding Xiao-jun , Tang Jian-feng , Zhao Jian-feng , Zhang You-ming 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of polysaccharide (BRP) from the root of Bupleurum Chinese DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. on cardiomyocyte cells.
Methods: Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was performed to optimize the extraction conditions for BRP. The effect of BRP on cardiomyocyte cell apoptosis was evaluated in H9c2 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay, while oxidative stress levels in H9c2 cells, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and creatine kinase (CK) were determined using commercial kits following the manufacture’s instruction. mRNA expressions (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and Fas) were determined by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).
Results: The obtained optimal extraction conditions for BRP was as follows: extraction time (1.43 h), ratio of water to the raw material (30 mL/g) and extraction times (2 times). BRP (200, 400, 600 and 800 μg/mL) significantly increased the cell viability of H2O2 induced H9c2 cells (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). BRP (200, 400 and 800 μg/mL) significantly decreased LDH and CK levels (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). However, BRP increased levels of SOD (200, 400 and 800 μg/mL, p < 0.05) and CAT (400 and 800 μg/mL, p < 0.05) in H9c2 cells. BRP significantly downregulated mRNA expressions of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 and Fas (200, 400 and 800 μg/mL, p < 0.01) in H9c2 cells induced by H2O2.
Conclusion: BRP protects cardiomyocyte against apoptosis via inhibition of oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis, and thus, may be potential therapeutic agent for the management of cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: Bupleurum Chinese, Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd., Polysaccharide, Cardiomyocyte, Apoptosis, H9c2 cell, Biochemical parameters