bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic technique: The formation of a new type of human–technique–nature relationship as exemplified in bamboo construction
Authors: Solanilla Medina Y. M. , Mamchenkov D. V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article demonstrates the possibilities and problems of the formation of a new type of human–technique–nature relationship – the organic technique – in modern civilization. It is a relationship in which neither human nor nature must adapt to the needs of technology; rather, the technique is embedded in nature and becomes 'human-sized'. We can find a model for building this new type of relationship in the construction of buildings from bamboo. The uniqueness of bamboo as a building material manifests in two ways. The first relates to resources: bamboo is a very fast-growing plant, so cutting it's stem does not destroy the plant itself and in three to four years there is a new 'harvest'. This means bamboo has an extremely low cost, which is critical for developing countries with rapidly growing populations. Second, bamboo has a number of architectural advantages. Due to the flexibility and elasticity of this product, bamboo buildings are earthquake resistant. Such structures do not violate the natural landscape, but instead work with it; they are characterized by low cost and ease of construction, in a variety of forms. This has led to the widespread use of bamboo by leading architects and innovators from different countries. This article shows that the application of bamboo in architecture – as opposed to artificial materials such as concrete, which exploit and destroy nature and impose their forms on cultures – helps this building technique to integrate into the life of ecosystems and society, and thus to become a model of harmonizing human–technique–nature relations.
Laboratory-related issues in the measurement of cardiac troponins with highly sensitive assays
Authors: Krintus Magdalena , Panteghini Mauro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A number of assay-related issues can affect the performance of cardiac troponin (cTn) measurement in everyday practice. In this respect, it is vital that all information on cTn assays is known and that the performance characteristics of assays are objectively assessed and adequately described. The advent of the latest generation of more sensitive cTn assays has heralded a new wave of information about low concentrations of cTn in blood. These recent generation assays have improved analytical sensitivity and corresponding performance at low cTn concentrations when compared to their predecessors, providing a convincing goal for laboratory medicine in helping clinicians in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Crucial to the clinical utility of highly sensitive cTn assays is the laboratorians’ role in closely scrutinizing proposed assays and defining their value in relation to available evidence. Analytical, as well as pre-analytical and post-analytical, aspects must be documented. In this review, we describe what laboratory professionals should know about their cTn assay performance characteristics and the pre-analytical prerequisites for robustness to ensure optimal post-analytical reporting.
Prenatal and postnatal imaging of an intrapericardial teratoma
Authors: Alnoman Abdullah , Spiegel Efrat , Bernier Pierre-Luc , Brown Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Intrapericardial teratomas are rare tumors arising from all three germinal layers. They are mostly benign but can lead to life-threatening complications.

Case presentation
A 38-year-old woman with an in vitro fertilization (IVF) conception had a normal fetal anatomical survey at 20 weeks of gestation. At 32 weeks, during evaluation for decreased fetal movements and gestational diabetes, the fetus was found to have a unilateral right pleural effusion, a large pericardial effusion with an 18 × 16 × 17 mm-sized cystic intrapericardial mass and ventricular dysfunction with associated, significant, polyhydramnios. Echocardiography was suggestive of a teratoma which was confirmed by pathology after postnatal surgery.

Conclusion
Early prenatal diagnosis and appropriate monitoring during pregnancy are important to optimize outcome, however, even though antenatal intervention may improve the outcome in cases with hydrops, in utero mortality remains high.
Design Thinking in Education: Perspectives, Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Panke Stefanie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe article discusses design thinking as a process and mindset for collaboratively finding solutions for wicked problems in a variety of educational settings. Through a systematic literature review the article organizes case studies, reports, theoretical reflections, and other scholarly work to enhance our understanding of the purposes, contexts, benefits, limitations, affordances, constraints, effects and outcomes of design thinking in education. Specifically, the review pursues four questions: (1) What are the characteristics of design thinking that make it particularly fruitful for education? (2) How is design thinking applied in different educational settings? (3) What tools, techniques and methods are characteristic for design thinking? (4) What are the limitations or negative effects of design thinking? The goal of the article is to describe the current knowledge base to gain an improved understanding of the role of design thinking in education, to enhance research communication and discussion of best practice approaches and to chart immediate avenues for research and practice.
Investigation on the Use of a Spacetime Formalism for Modeling and Numerical Simulations of Heat Conduction Phenomena
Authors: Al Nahas Roula , Charles Alexandre , Panicaud Benoît , Rouhaud Emmanuelle , Choucair Israa , Saliya Kanssoune , Kerner Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The question of frame-indifference of the thermomechanical models has to be addressed to deal correctly with the behavior of matter undergoing finite transformations. In this work, we propose to test a spacetime formalism to investigate the benefits of the covariance principle for application to covariant modeling and numerical simulations for finite transformations. Several models especially for heat conduction are proposed following this framework and next compared to existing models. This article also investigates numerical simulations using the heat equation with two different thermal dissipative models for heat conduction, without thermomechanical couplings. The numerical comparison between the spacetime thermal models derived in this work and the corresponding Newtonian thermal models, which adds the time as a discretized variable, is also performed through an example to investigate their advantages and drawbacks.
Magnetic and electric Mie-exciton polaritons in silicon nanodisks
Authors: Todisco Francesco , Malureanu Radu , Wolff Christian , Gonçalves P. A. D. , Roberts Alexander S. , Mortensen N. Asger , Tserkezis Christos 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Light-matter interactions at the nanoscale constitute a fundamental ingredient for engineering applications in nanophotonics and quantum optics. In this regard, Mie resonances supported by high-refractive index dielectric nanoparticles have recently attracted interest, due to their lower losses and better control over the scattering patterns compared to their plasmonic counterparts. The emergence of several resonances in high-refractive index dielectric nanoparticles results in an overall high complexity, where the electric and magnetic dipoles can show a significant spectral overlap, especially at optical frequencies, thus hindering possible light-matter coupling mechanisms arising in the optical spectrum. This behavior can be properly adjusted by using non-spherical geometries, an approach that has already been successfully exploited to tune directional scattering from dielectric nanoresonators. Here, by using cylindrical nanoparticles, we show, experimentally and theoretically, the emergence of peak splitting for both magnetic and electric dipole resonances of individual silicon nanodisks coupled to a J-aggregated organic semiconductor. In the two cases, we find that the different character of the involved resonances leads to different light-matter coupling regimes. Crucially, our results show that the observed energy splittings are of the same order of magnitude as the ones reported using similar plasmonic systems, thereby confirming dielectric nanoparticles as promising alternatives for localized strong coupling studies. The coupling of both the electric and magnetic dipole resonances can offer interesting possibilities for the control of directional light scattering in the strong coupling regime and the dynamic tuning of nanoscale light-matter hybrid states by external fields.
On the Lookout: Directional Visibility Cones and Defense in the Nebo Region, West-Central Jordan
Authors: Edwards Steven 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article uses directional visibility analysis to assess the defensibility of two Iron Age (9th–8th cent. BCE) sites from the Nebo region of west-central Jordan: the fortified town of Khirbat al-Mukhayyat and its adjacent watchtower at Rujm al-Mukhayyat. Directional visibility cones illustrate how the improved viewsheds afforded by the watchtower at Rujm al-Mukhayyat were needed to establish line of sight between Khirbat al-Mukhayyat and other settlements located higher up on the Transjordanian plateau. Without the addition of the watchtower, Khirbat al-Mukhayyat would have been cut off from direct communication with nearby towns at Hesban and Ma’in. Despite the increased visibility provided by the watchtower at Rujm al-Mukhayyat, Khirbat al-Mukhayyat retained limited capacity to monitor movement to the south in the vicinity of Ma’in. Further, it could not establish direct visual contact with the important urban centre at Madaba to the southeast. These findings may have implications for understanding the military strategy adopted by the Moabite king Mesha in his mid-9th century BCE campaign against the Town of Nebo, identified with Khirbat al-Mukhayyat.
Greek refugees and emigrants from former Bizantine Empire in the Kingdom of Poland in the context of the modern migration crisis in Europe
Authors: Skoczyński Michał 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The The Ottoman Turks since the mid-fourteenth century led a gradual conquest of Anatolia and the Balkans. It’s symbolic culmination was the capture of Constantinople in 1453. In this way, a great population of Orthodox Greeks came under the rule of a Muslim sultan. Many of them decided to escape abroad to avoid robbery, rapes and captivity by the victorious forces. In the following years, when initially gentle policy towards the conquered community began to tighten, another wave of Greek migration emerged outside the Ottoman state. Subsequent groups fled from persecution after successive anti-Turkish uprisings. Of these refugees, the largest group settled in neighboring countries - Moldova, Wallachia and Hungary. People with greater financial or intellectual potential - philosophers, scholars, members of the social elite of the fallen Byzantine Empire - chose exile. They headed for Western culture centers, where they could continue their careers or seek support for their political plans. Merchants and craftsmen, who wanted to use their capital and skills at the crossroads of trade routes in the then Kingdom of Poland, which was in union with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, also constituted a larger group. Thanks to their unique handicraft skills and trade contacts in the south, many of these Greeks gained a strong position in the new environment. Some of them made a fortune and even obtained noble titles, though many of them lived modestly or even went bankrupt as a result of the actions of their Polish competitors and had to leave the country. The circumstances and effects of Greek migration leaving the Ottoman state show many similarities to the migration of the population during the modern migration crisis in Europe. An analysis of the events from half a thousand years ago may prove useful in building plans to solve the problem of refugees from the Middle East and to root and integrate migrant communities within the European Union.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy principles and practical use in materials analysis
Authors: Grünert Wolfgang , Klementiev Konstantin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) with its subregions X-ray Absorption Near-edge Structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) is a powerful tool for the structural analysis of materials, which is nowadays a standard component of research strategies in many fields. This review covers a wide range of topics related to its measurement and use: the origin of the fine structure, its analytical potential, derived from the physical basis, the environment for measuring XAFS at synchrotrons, including different measurement geometries, detection modes, and sample environments, e. g. for in-situ and operando work, the principles of data reduction, analysis, and interpretation, and a perspective on new methods for structure analysis combining X-ray absorption with X-ray emission. Examples for the application of XAFS have been selected from work with heterogeneous catalysts with the intention to demonstrate the strength of the method providing structural information about highly disperse and disordered systems, to illustrate pitfalls in the interpretation of results (e. g. by neglecting the averaged character of the information obtained) and to show how its merits can be further enhanced by combination with other methods of structural analysis and/or spectroscopy.
Small‐molecule inhibition of aging‐associated chromosomal instability delays cellular senescence
Authors: Barroso‐Vilares Monika , Macedo Joana C , Reis Marta , Warren Jessica D , Compton Duane , Logarinho Elsa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChromosomal instability (CIN) refers to the rate at which cells are unable to properly segregate whole chromosomes, leading to aneuploidy. Besides its prevalence in cancer cells and postulated implications in promoting tumorigenesis, studies in aneuploidy‐prone mouse models uncovered an unanticipated link between CIN and aging. Using young to old‐aged human dermal fibroblasts, we observed a dysfunction of the mitotic machinery arising with age that mildly perturbs chromosome segregation fidelity and contributes to the generation of fully senescent cells. Here, we investigated mitotic mechanisms that contribute to age‐associated CIN. We found that elderly cells have an increased number of stable kinetochore–microtubule (k‐MT) attachments and decreased efficiency in the correction of improper k‐MT interactions. Chromosome mis‐segregation rates in old‐aged cells decreased upon both genetic and small‐molecule enhancement of MT‐depolymerizing kinesin‐13 activity. Notably, restored chromosome segregation accuracy inhibited the phenotypes of cellular senescence. Therefore, we provide mechanistic insight into age‐associated CIN and disclose a strategy for the use of a small‐molecule to inhibit age‐associated CIN and to delay the cellular hallmarks of aging.
About Transverse Momentum Distributions of Negative Pions in p12C and π–12C Collisions at High Energies
Authors: Olimov Kh. K. , Tojimamatov Sh. D. , Olimov K. , Mardonova Z. , Lutpullaev S. L. , Olimov A. K. , Bozorov E. Kh. , Kanokova Sh. Z. , Kurbanov A. R. , Gulamov K. G. 
Published: March 2020

Collision centrality dependences of the transverse momentum distributions of negative pions produced in p12C and p−12C collisions at 9.9 and 40 GeV/c, respectively, are investigated. The shapes and widths of the normalized transverse momentum distributions, as well as the average values of the transverse momentum of the negative pions, do not depend within the uncertainties on the collision centrality in p12C and п−12C collisions at 9.9 and 40 GeV/c in experiment, which is confirmed by the modified FRITIOF model calculations and minimum X2 fits of the experimental spectra with the two- and three-temperature Hagedorn model functions. Modified FRITIOF model calculations underestimate the average values of transverse momenta of the negative pions in experiment and do not reproduce the tail of the experimental transverse momentum distributions of the negative pions in both collision types. It is obtained that the transverse momentum distributions of the negative pions exhibit two temperature (two-slope) shapes in peripheral and central p12C collisions at 9.9 GeV/c in agreement with the early works on nucleus-nucleus collisions at incident energies of the order of a few GeV/c. However, the transverse momentum distributions of the negative pions in peripheral and central p−12C collisions at 40 GeV/c can be described well assuming the three temperature (three-slope) shapes of these spectra.
Validation of a Prediction Rule for Mortality in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Cochius-den Otter Suzan C.M. , Erdem Özge , van Rosmalen Joost , Schaible Thomas , Peters Nina C.J. , Cohen-Overbeek Titia E. , Capolupo Irma , Falk Carolin J. , van Heijst Arno F.J. , Schäffelder Regina , Brindle Mary E. , Tibboel Dick 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare congenital anomaly with a mortality of ∼27%. The Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group (CDHSG) developed a simple postnatal clinical prediction rule to predict mortality in newborns with CDH. Our aim for this study is to externally validate the CDHSG rule in the European population and to improve its prediction of mortality by adding prenatal variables.

METHODS:
We performed a European multicenter retrospective cohort study and included all newborns diagnosed with unilateral CDH who were born between 2008 and 2015. Newborns born from November 2011 onward were included for the external validation of the rule (n = 343). To improve the prediction rule, we included all patients born between 2008 and 2015 (n = 620) with prenatally diagnosed CDH and collected pre- and postnatal variables. We build a logistic regression model and performed bootstrap resampling and computed calibration plots.

RESULTS:
With our validation data set, the CDHSG rule had an area under the curve of 79.0%, revealing a fair predictive performance. For the new prediction rule, prenatal herniation of the liver was added, and absent 5-minute Apgar score was taken out. The new prediction rule revealed good calibration, and with an area under the curve of 84.6%, it had good discriminative abilities.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, we externally validated the CDHSG rule for the European population, which revealed fair predictive performance. The modified rule, with prenatal liver herniation as an additional variable, appears to further improve the model’s ability to predict mortality in a population of patients with prenatally diagnosed CDH.
The tonkin snub-nosed monkey <i> Rhinopithecus avunculus </i> population in the Quan Ba forest, north-east Vietnam: an identification of priority habitat for conservation
Authors: Dang Nguyen Xuan , Nghia Nguyen Xuan , The Pham Van 
Published: March 2020

The Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Rhinopithecus avunculus is among the World’s 25 most endangered primates. At present, the species is found only in few forest areas in Ha Giang and Tuyen Quang Provinces, north-east Vietnam with a total number not exceeding 250 individuals. The forest block in Cao Ma Po, Ta Van and Tung Vai Communes of Quan Ba District, Ha Giang Province (the Cao - Ta - Tung forest) harbors the second largest population of Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey. This population was estimated to be conisted of about 30–35 individuals in 2007. However, it faces a number of serious threats (wildlife hunting, habitat degradation by widespread forest farming of Tsao-ko cardamom plant, etc.) that may lead the population to be extinct in near future. The population was reduced to 15–21 individuals in 2016 due to these threats. In 2017–2018, we conducted a study to identify a priority habitat area to establish the Quan Ba Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Conservation Area. The results of our study show that the distribution of the Quan Ba Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey population is confined to a small area (about 5,000 ha) belonging to the Theng Chu Phin, Dao Dan Chai, Ta Lay mountains, the Hill 754 and a forest patch along the Vietnam-China border from the Post 283 to Post 295. This area harbors the best forest of the Cao - Ta - Tung area. The forest covers 92.3% of the area, and only 7.7% of the area is a non-forest land. There are two types of forest: evergreen broad-leaved forest (50.0% of total area) and limestone evergreen broad-leaved forest (42.3%). The evergreen broad-leaved forest has been degraded to medium and restoration status. Tsao-ko cardamom Amomum tsao-ko fields are widespread. The limestone evergreen broad-leaved forest of almost primary status remains in very steep slopes and limestone mountains. The Cao - Ta - Tung forest was designated as a watershed protection forest that allows farming of agricultural and medicinal plants inside the forest and the forest farming of Tsao-ko cardamom is widespread becoming the most serious threat to the long-term survival of the Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey population. In order to ensure long-term survival of the Quan Ba Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey population, the area of the Theng Chu Pin, Dao Dai Chai, Ta Lay, Tung Lau mountains, the Hill 754 and a forest patch along the Vietnam-China border from the Post 283 to Post 285 must be designated as a special-use forest, i.e. to establish a Quan Ba Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Conservation Area.
Geographical variation in morphological leaf traits of <i>Huperzia serrata </i>(lycopodiaceae) from Vietnam
Authors: Minh Nguyen Thi Ai , Trieu Le Ngoc , Duy Nong Van , Tien Tran Van 
Published: March 2020

Morphological leaf traits can be used to assess adaptive responses of plants to environmental conditions. To assess how the representation of Huperzia serrata leaf traits, such as leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW) and leaf area (LA) response to changes in mean annual temperature (MAT), sunshine duration (SuH), mean annual precipitation (MAP), air humidity (Hu), intraspecific variation of the morphological leaf traits of the species was analyzed along a geographical gradient of Vietnam. The results showed that among the three populations at the three sites, leaf sizes increased with MAT and MAP. Huperzia serrata, climatic factors, morphological leaf traits, Vietnam.