bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histone Methylations Define Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Subtypes in the Mouse Subventricular Zone
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Manaf Adeel , Li Yanjiao , Perez Sonia Peña , Suganthan Rajikala , Dahl John Arne , Bjørås Magnar , Klungland Arne 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist in the mammalian brain throughout life and can be activated in response to the physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. Epigenetic reprogramming of NPSC represents a novel strategy for enhancing the intrinsic potential of the brain to regenerate after brain injury. Therefore, defining the epigenetic features of NSPCs is important for developing epigenetic therapies for targeted reprogramming of NSPCs to rescue neurologic function after injury. In this study, we aimed at defining different subtypes of NSPCs by individual histone methylations. We found the three histone marks, histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), and histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3), to nicely and dynamically portray individual cell types during neurodevelopment. First, we found all three marks co-stained with NSPC marker SOX2 in mouse subventricular zone. Then, CD133, Id1, Mash1, and DCX immunostaining were used to define NSPC subtypes. Type E/B, B/C, and C/A cells showed high levels of H3K27me3, H3K36me3, and H3K4me3, respectively. Our results reveal defined histone methylations of NSPC subtypes supporting that epigenetic regulation is critical for neurogenesis and for maintaining NSPCs.
Impact of Barrier Breaching on Wetland Ecosystems under the Influence of Storm Surge, Sea-Level Rise and Freshwater Discharge
Authors: Li Xiaorong , Leonardi Nicoletta , Plater Andrew J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Coastal wetland ecosystems and biodiversity are susceptible to changes in salinity brought about by the local effects of climate change, meteorological extremes, coastal evolution and human intervention. This study investigates changes in the salinity of surface water and the associated impacts on back-barrier wetlands as a result of breaching of a barrier beach and under the compound action of different surge heights, accelerated sea-level rise (SLR), river discharge and rainfall. We show that barrier breaching can have significant effects in terms of vegetation die-back even without the occurrence of large storm surges or in the absence of SLR, and that rainfall alone is unlikely to be sufficient to mitigate increased salinity due to direct tidal flushing. Results demonstrate that an increase in sea level corresponding to the RCP8.5 scenario for year 2100 causes a greater impact in terms of reedbed loss than storm surges up to 2 m with no SLR. In mitigation of the consequent changes in wetland ecology, regulation of relatively small and continuous river discharge can be regarded as a strategy for the management of coastal back-barrier wetland habitats and for the maintenance of brackish ecosystems. As such, this study provides a tool for scoping the potential impacts of storms, climate change and alternative management strategies on existing wetland habitats and species.
Guidelines on the use of fluoride for caries prevention in children: an updated EAPD policy document
Authors: Toumba K. J. , Twetman S. , Splieth C. , Parnell C. , van Loveren C. , Lygidakis N. Α. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aim
To update the exisitng European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2009 fluoride guidelines.

Methods
Experts met in Athens, Greece duirng November 2018 for the following groups: I Fluoride toothpastes, II Fluoride gels, rinses and varnishes, III Fluoridated milk, fluoridated salt, tablets/lozenges and drops, IV Water fluoridation. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were reviewed and discussed for each of the groups. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence which was judged as HIGH, MODERATE, LOW or VERY LOW based on the assessment of eight criteria which can influence the confidence of the results. Following the quality assessment, GRADE was then used to indicate the strength of recommendation for each fluoride agent as STRONG or WEAK/CONDITIONAL.

Results
Parents must be strongly advised to apply an age-related amount of toothpaste and assist/supervise tooth brushing until at least 7 years of age. The EAPD strongly endorses the daily use of fluoride as a major part of any comprehensive programme for the prevention and control of dental caries in children. Regardless of the type of programme, community or individually based, the use of fluoride must be balanced between the estimation of caries-risk and the possible risks of adverse effects of the fluorides. Fluoride use is considered safe when the manufacturer's instructions are followed. Preventive programmes should be re-evaluated at regular intervals and adapted to a patient's or population's needs and risks.

Conclusions
For the majority of European Countries, the EAPD recommends the appropriate use of fluoride toothpaste in conjunction with good oral hygiene to be the basic fluoride regimen.
Environmental Controls on the Distribution of Tidal Wetland Soil Organic Carbon in the Continental United States
Authors: Hinson A.L. , Feagin R.A. , Eriksson M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTidal wetlands are among the most valuable ecosystems in the world in terms of ecosystem service value, and the strategic management of their carbon resources is an important part of climate change mitigation. Tidal wetland soils contain relatively high quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC); yet there is little information about whether this SOC can be predicted based on easily identifiable environmental factors. We investigated how tidal wetland SOC density was distributed across the continental United States among various coastal locations, estuarine typologies, vegetation types, water regimes, and management regimes and found that knowledge of a wetland's coastal affiliation provided the most differentiation (whether on the East Coast, West Coast, or Gulf Coast). We then sought to identify whether SOC density was correlated with 47 different environmental variables and found that knowledge based on latitude and precipitation explained ~46% of the variance in SOC density for wetlands on the West Coast and Gulf Coast, respectively. Several other geographic, oceanic, terrestrial, and atmospheric factors were cross‐correlated along these axes, including oceanic salinity, temperature, and average catchment elevation. For the U.S. East Coast, SOC density was not simple to explain and was likely dependent on a wide range of interacting and complex factors. This synthetic work can provide a better understanding of how changing environmental and social conditions can lead to enhanced or degraded carbon sequestration rates in times of rapid global change.
The Imprint of Vegetation on Desert Dune Dynamics
Authors: Lee Dylan B. , Ferdowsi Behrooz , Jerolmack Douglas J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHere we demonstrate the qualitative and quantitative influence that vegetation has on stabilizing desert dunes. We use topographic data to isolate translation and deformation of dune patterns, upwind of and across a sharp gradient of vegetation, at White Sands dune field, New Mexico. Barchanoid dunes are unstable due to an aerodynamic surface wave instability. The dynamics of vegetated parabolic dunes are different; deformation becomes localized, and random, once plant density reaches a critical value associated with the barchanoid‐parabolic transition. Plants stabilize dunes not only by slowing them down but also by shutting off the fundamental mechanism that generates new sand waves and destabilizes dunes. Increasing plant density downwind increases vegetation‐induced form drag and results in decreasing dune migration rate. We suggest that similar biological modulation of pattern‐forming instabilities may also occur in other landscapes.
Skilful Real‐Time Seasonal Forecasts of the Dry Northern European Summer 2018
Authors: Dunstone Nick , Smith Doug , Hardiman Steven , Eade Rosie , Gordon Margaret , Hermanson Leon , Kay Gillian , Scaife Adam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Northern European summer of 2018 was the driest for 35 years with resulting impacts on health, agriculture, energy, and water resources. Here we show that this rainfall anomaly was well predicted by a real‐time seasonal forecast. An anticyclonic circulation anomaly was correctly forecast over the North Sea and Scandinavia in 2018 and also in the 1976 record dry summer. In both these exceptionally dry summers, a similar tripole anomaly pattern of North Atlantic sea surface temperatures was present. We perform perturbation experiments that reveal significant circulation, and European rainfall, responses due to changes in the Atlantic meridional temperature gradient. However, consistent with previous work, we find that the model dynamical response is weak relative to that observed and hence large ensembles are required to produce sufficiently skilful predictions. This case study illustrates the potential for the development of summer European climate services.
Multi‐Model Intercomparison of the Pan‐Arctic Ice‐Algal Productivity on Seasonal, Interannual, and Decadal Timescales
Authors: Watanabe Eiji , Jin Meibing , Hayashida Hakase , Zhang Jinlun , Steiner Nadja 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeasonal, interannual, and decadal variations in the Arctic ice‐algal productivity for 1980–2009 are investigated using daily outputs from five sea ice‐ocean ecosystem models participating in the Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis project. The models show a shelf‐basin contrast in the spatial distribution of ice‐algal productivity (ice‐PP). The simulated ice‐PP substantially varies among the four subregions (Chukchi Sea, Canada Basin, Eurasian Basin, and Barents Sea) and among the five models, respectively. The simulated annual total ice‐PP has no common decadal trend at least for 1980–2009 among the five models in any of the four subregions, although the simulated snow depth and sea‐ice thickness in spring are mostly declining. The model intercomparison indicates that an appropriate balance of stable ice‐algal habitat (i.e., sea‐ice cover) and enough light availability is necessary to retain the ice‐PP. The multi‐model averages show that the ice‐algal bloom timing shifts to an earlier date and that the bloom duration shortens in the four subregions. However, both the positive and negative decadal trends in the timing and duration are simulated. This difference in trends are attributed to temporal shifts among different types of ice‐algal blooms: long‐massive, short‐massive, long‐gentle, and short‐gentle bloom. The selected value for the maximum growth rate of the ice‐algal photosynthesis term is a key source for the inter‐model spreads. Understanding the simulated uncertainties on the pan‐Arctic and decadal scales is expected to improve coupled sea ice‐ocean ecosystem models. This step will be a baseline for further modeling/field studies and future projections.
Variable Raindrop Size Distributions in Different Rainbands Associated With Typhoon Fitow (2013)
Authors: Bao Xuwei , Wu Liguang , Tang Bi , Ma Leiming , Wu Dan , Tang Jie , Chen Haojun , Wu Lianyao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe microphysical characteristics of rain may vary in different rain regions of a tropical cyclone (TC), but few studies have demonstrated the differences in raindrop size distributions (RSDs) of convective rain in different rainbands of a specific TC. This study examines the RSD characteristics and evolution of convective rain within outer rainbands and a coastal‐front‐like rainband associated with Typhoon Fitow, based on observational data from a disdrometer at Shibo station in Shanghai, China, during 6–7 October 2013. Considering the fast passage of convective TC rainbands over the disdrometer and the low rain rate of stratiform rain in the outer area, this study proposes a modified rain‐type classification method based on the disdrometer data. This study indicates that convective outer‐rainband rain (ORR) and coastal‐front rain (CFR) have different rain parameters, three parameters of the gamma model, radar reflectivity–rain rate (Z‐R), and shape–slope (μ‐Λ) relationships. The convective ORR has higher concentrations at all drop sizes than the convective CFR as well as larger spectral width, leading to the greater rainfall rate. The different Z‐R relationships suggest the necessity of a variable relationship for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) in different rain regions of the TC. This study also demonstrates for the first time that the RSD evolution with increasing rain rate is different in various convective rainbands associated with Fitow, suggesting that different microphysical parameterization schemes may be required for different rainbands in TC models.
Upper Atmospheric Responses to Surface Disturbances: An Observational Perspective
Authors: Meng Xing , Vergados Panagiotis , Komjathy Attila , Verkhoglyadova Olga 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe review observations on the coupling between Earth's surface disturbances and the upper atmosphere. In particular, we focus on the upper atmospheric responses to atmospheric acoustic‐gravity waves generated during impulsive surface disturbance events including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. We review the theoretical background for the generation and propagation of atmospheric acoustic‐gravity waves from surface disturbance events as well as of the ionospheric plasma response to such acoustic‐gravity waves. We review a variety of observational techniques that have been successfully utilized to detect upper atmospheric perturbations induced by surface disturbances and summarize the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on the coupling processes learnt from these observations. Finally, we touch on some most recent advances in the field and propose directions for future research.
Surface Wave Reduction in Antenna Arrays Using Metasurface Inclusion for MIMO and SAR Systems
Authors: Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Virdee Bal S. , See Chan H. , Abd‐Alhameed Raed A. , Falcone Francisco , Limiti Ernesto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn effective method is presented for suppressing mutual coupling between adjacent radiating elements which is based on metasurface isolation for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. This is achieved by choking surface current waves induced over the patch antenna by inserting a cross‐shaped metasurface structure between the radiating elements. Each arm of the cross‐shaped structure constituting the metasurface is etched with meander line slot. Effectiveness of the metasurface is demonstrated for a 2 × 2 antenna array that operates over six frequency subbands in X, Ku, and K bands. With the proposed technique, the maximum improvement achieved in attenuating mutual coupling between neighboring antennas is 8.5 dB (8–8.4 GHz), 28 dB (9.6–10.8 GHz), 27 dB (11.7–12.6 GHz), 7.5 dB (13.4–14.2 GHz), 13 dB (16.5–16.8 GHz), and 22.5 dB (18.5–20.3 GHz). Furthermore, with the proposed technique (i) minimum center‐to‐center separation between the radiating elements can be reduced to 0.26λ0, where λ0 is 8.0 GHz; (ii) use of ground‐plane or defected ground structures are unnecessary; (iii) use of short‐circuited via‐holes are avoided; (iv) it eliminates the issue with poor front‐to‐back ratio; and (v) it can be applied to existing arrays retrospectively.
Nogo receptor–vimentin interaction: a novel mechanism for the invasive activity of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Kang Yun Hee , Han Seung Ro , Jeon Hyungtaek , Lee Suhyuk , Lee Jisu , Yoo Seung-Min , Park Jong Bae , Park Myung-Jin , Kim Jong-Tae , Lee Hee Gu , Lee Myung-Shin , Lee Seung-Hoon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nogo receptor (NgR) has been shown to inhibit the migration and invasion of human glioma cells. However, little is known regarding the regulatory mechanisms of NgR in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In this study, we propose a novel mechanism that regulates the maturation process of NgR through an interaction with vimentin. The inhibition of TGFβ1 activity by LY2109761 attenuated the migration/invasion of GBM cells by upregulating cell-surface NgR. Conversely, the treatment of GBM cells with TGFβ1 suppressed NgR maturation. We showed that NgR and vimentin interact, which could be a possible mechanism for the suppression of NgR maturation. The knockdown of vimentin suppressed the migration/invasion of GBM cells through the increased maturation of NgR. Finally, TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) analysis also supported the association of NgR and vimentin. The maturation of NgR is regulated by the interaction of vimentin and NgR, which attenuates the invasive activity of GBM, and might be a potential therapeutic target for brain cancer.
Structural variation of the complete chloroplast genome and plastid phylogenomics of the genus Asteropyrum (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: He Jian , Yao Min , Lyu Ru-Dan , Lin Le-Le , Liu Hui-Jie , Pei Lin-Ying , Yan Shuang-Xi , Xie Lei , Cheng Jin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo complete chloroplast genome sequences of Asteropyrum, as well as those of 25 other species from Ranunculaceae, were assembled using both Illumina and Sanger sequencing methods to address the structural variation of the cp genome and the controversial systematic position of the genus. Synteny and plastome structure were compared across the family. The cp genomes of the only two subspecies of Asteropyrum were found to be differentiated with marked sequence variation and different inverted repeat-single copy (IR-SC) borders. The plastomes of both subspecies contains 112 genes. However, the IR region of subspecies peltatum carries 27 genes, whereas that of subspecies cavaleriei has only 25 genes. Gene inversions, transpositions, and IR expansion-contraction were very commonly detected in Ranunculaceae. The plastome of Asteropyrum has the longest IR regions in the family, but has no gene inversions or transpositions. Non-coding regions of the cp genome were not ideal markers for inferring the generic relationships of the family, but they may be applied to interpret species relationship within the genus. Plastid phylogenomic analysis using complete cp genome with Bayesian method and partitioned modeling obtained a fully resolved phylogenetic framework for Ranunculaceae. Asteropyrum was detected to be sister to Caltha, and diverged early from subfamily Ranunculoideae.
Electrically small, planar, wideband filtering antenna with dual ring patches
Authors: Tang Ming‐Chun , Li Chaofang , Chen Yingjie 
Published: October 2019

A simple, planar, electrically small antenna with both wide bandwidth and good out‐of‐band filtering selectivity is presented. The proposed filtering antenna is mainly composed of a small driven patch and a slotted ground plane. Two slots are etched in the ground plane to form two square ring patches that can generate a new resonant mode and two radiation zeros, and a T‐shaped stub is loaded not only to enhance the impedance bandwidth but also to increase the out‐of‐band rejection level. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured −10 dB fractional impedance bandwidth is 23.05% (2.61–3.29 GHz) centred at 2.95 GHz with the realised gain values 2.95 ± 0.34 dBi in the operational band, with two radiation zeros located at 2.27 and 3.62 GHz, respectively, even with electrically small size ka = 0.98. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated values.
Active common‐mode filter for capacitive‐coupled isolated signalling
Authors: Angerer M. , Schwanninger R. , März M. 
Published: October 2019

Capacitive coupling is a well‐established principle in isolated signalling. A major challenge esp. in power electronics is common‐mode transient immunity caused by the displacement currents at the coupling capacitors. Digital isolator integrated circuits (ICs) employ modulated signalling, the authors propose an active filter circuit to remove common‐mode components from baseband signals. This allows for reliable data transmission during transients in power semiconductor control, AC‐coupled RS‐485 or transformer‐less Ethernet. The filter structure is simple and consists of two current mirrors, one for positive transients, and one for the negative. A current on one differential signal line is ‘mirrored’ onto the other, common‐mode currents are conducted to ground. Differential signals are minimally affected. The proposed filter is verified in simulation and experiment: baseband signalling with 50 Mbps in presence of 30 kV/ burst transients is achieved using discrete semiconductors. Even better results are expected when monolithically embedding the filter in an integrated circuit.
High step‐down/high step‐up interleaved bidirectional DC–DC converter with low voltage stress on switches
Authors: Mousavinezhad Fardahar Sara , Sabahi Mehran 
Published: October 2019

A DC–DC bidirectional converter which has low voltage stress on its semiconductor elements is presented in this study. This study presents a novel interleaved coupled‐inductor‐based non‐isolated bidirectional DC–DC converter which is able to provide a high voltage gain conversion ratio. The high voltage gain of the proposed converter is achieved through its symmetrical topology with coupled inductors in its structure. Based on the fact that the voltage of the high‐voltage side is shared between the two separate modules of the converter, the voltage stress across the switches is decreased. There are two blocking capacitors in the primary side, which help the converter to have symmetrical topology. Also, the switching pattern of the proposed converter is simple and the converter is able to provide a single voltage gain for the whole range of duty cycle. The theoretical results are approved through the prototype of the converter for 400 W.
Triple buck converter – an efficient low‐distortion switch‐mode power amplifier topology
Authors: Mauerer Mario , Kolar Johann Walter 
Published: October 2019

A switch‐mode power amplifier topology that can achieve both a high conversion efficiency and low‐output signal distortion is introduced. Such systems are desirable for ultra‐high precision amplifiers that, for example, drive actuators in nanometre‐accuracy mechatronic positioning applications in integrated semiconductor manufacturing. An efficient Class‐D power stage, which is limited in output signal quality due to its inherent half‐bridge interlock time, is combined through a magnetically coupled inductor with a dual buck conversion stage that does not require interlock time and, due to its circulating bias current that defines the half‐bridge switching waveforms, achieves very low‐harmonic output signal distortion. The control system can seamlessly adjust the current sharing of the two converter stages such that overall conversion efficiencies over 95% and output total harmonic distortion values below −100 dB are achievable at power levels up to several kilowatts. Detailed computer simulations demonstrate the feasibility of the concept.