bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curious eyes and awkward smiles: Menstruation and adolescent boys in India
Authors: Gundi Mukta , Subramanyam Malavika A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionMost Indian studies on menstruation include only girls/women as participants, making it a 'women's' topic. This exclusion of adolescent boys fails to understand menstruation as a social epidemiological entity with existing gender inequalities. For engaging boys to play a meaningful role in improving women's health, studying their knowledge, beliefs regarding topics such as menstruation and socioeconomic characteristics influencing their menstruation‐related experiences need attention. Addressing this is an essential step for reducing gender disparities in adolescent health. Thus, we explore boys' knowledge, beliefs and attitudes regarding menstruation and the impact of social determinants on their menstruation‐related experiences.MethodsA sequential mixed‐methods study comprising 21 semi‐structured interviews, 5 Focus Group Discussions and 12 key respondent interviews; followed by a cross‐sectional survey of 744 boys from Nashik district, India was conducted. We employed thematic analysis for qualitative data and multivariable regression to model risk ratios for outcomes.ResultsAn amalgam of curiosity and awkwardness regarding menstruation was observed. Many lacked accurate knowledge and possessed misinformation. Social and individual‐level determinants influenced boys' menstruation related experiences. Fully adjusted models revealed that being admitted in private unaided schools; having mothers with at least a college education; and comfort with teacher positively influenced boys'knowledge, attitudes and beliefs (incidence rate ratios at 95% CI: 2.67 [1.02, 6.95], p < 0 0.05; 3.16 [1.35, 7.38], p < .05 and 1.92 [1.24, 2.99],p < .01, respectively).ConclusionOur study highlights the need of improving Indian boys' understanding and beliefs about menstruation by addressing the social determinants that influence their menstruation‐related experiences.
Obstacle avoidance in V-shape formation flight of multiple fixed-wing UAVs using variable repulsive circles
Authors: Mirzaee Kahagh A. , Pazooki F. , Etemadi Haghighi S. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTA formation control and obstacle avoidance algorithm has been introduced in this paper for the V-shape formation flight of fixed-wing UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) using the potential functions method. An innovative vector approach has been suggested to fix the conventional challenge in employing the artificial potential field (APF) approach (the creation of local minimums). A method called variable repulsive circles (VRC) has been then presented aimed at designing proper flight paths tailored with functional limitations of fixed-wing UAVs in facing obstacles. Finally, the efficiency of the designed algorithm has been examined and evaluated for different flight scenarios.
Comparison of Shape Characteristics of Plastic Zone Around Circular Tunnel Under Different Strength Criteria
Authors: Shi H. Y. , Ma Z. K. , Zhu Q. J. , Shi J. J. , Zhao Z. Q. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe butterfly plastic zone theory based on Mohr Coulomb criterion has been widely used in coal mine production. In order to verify the universality of the theory, it is necessary to compare the distribution of plastic zone under different strength criteria. Based on the elastic-plastic mechanics, the principal stress distribution function around the circular tunnel is deduced in the paper, and the boundary and radius of the plastic zone under different strength criteria are calculated. The results show that the change laws of the plastic zone around the circular tunnel under different strength criteria has the following commonness: firstly, with the increase of the lateral pressure coefficient, the shape of the plastic zone presents the change laws of “circle ellipse butterfly”; Secondly, with the increase of the lateral pressure coefficient, the radius of the plastic zone is exponential distribution, while the characteristic value is different when the radius of the plastic zone is infinite. At same time, it shows that the butterfly plastic zone has a low sensitivity dependence on the strength criterion, no matter which strength criterion is adopted, and the butterfly plastic zone will inevitably appear in the surrounding rock mass of circular tunnel in the high deviator stress environment; The plastic zone with butterfly shape is highly sensitive to the stress change, and the small stress change may promote the expansion of the plastic zone. This result is significant for us to understand and prevent rock engineering disasters and accidents.
Variations in practice in cardiac neurodevelopmental follow-up programs
Authors: Miller Thomas A. , Sadhwani Anjali , Sanz Jacqueline , Sood Erica , Ilardi Dawn , Newburger Jane W. , Goldberg Caren S. , Wypij David , Gaynor J. William , Marino Bradley S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the last two decades, heart centres have developed strategies to meet the neurodevelopmental needs of children with congenital heart disease. Since the publication of guidelines in 2012, cardiac neurodevelopmental follow-up programmes have become more widespread. Local neurodevelopmental programmes, however, have been developed independently in widely varying environments. We sought to characterise variation in structure and personnel in cardiac neurodevelopmental programmes. A 31-item survey was sent to all member institutions of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative. Multidisciplinary teams at each centre completed the survey. Responses were compiled in a descriptive fashion. Of the 29 invited centres, 23 responded to the survey (79%). Centres reported more anticipated neurodevelopment visits between birth and 5 years of age (median 5, range 2–8) than 5–18 years (median 2, range 0–10) with 53% of centres lacking any standard for routine neurodevelopment evaluations after 5 years of age. Estimated annual neurodevelopment clinic volume ranged from 85 to 428 visits with a median of 16% of visits involving children >5 years of age. Among responding centres, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence were the most routinely used tests. Neonatal clinical assessment was more common (64%) than routine neonatal brain imaging (23%) during hospitalisation. In response to clinical need and published guidelines, centres have established formal cardiac neurodevelopment follow-up programmes. Centres vary considerably in their approaches to routine screening and objective testing, with many centres currently focussing their resources on evaluating younger patients.
Abernethy malformation draining above the diaphragm to the coronary sinus and its embryological explanations
Authors: Sonawane Bhushan , Sivakumar Kothandam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAbernethy malformation connecting to a supradiaphragmatic vein may be missed due to their rarity or lack of awareness. Embryological reasons explain the involvement of the left superior caval vein in these connections.
Neuromechanical force-based control of a powered prosthetic foot
Authors: Naseri Amirreza , Grimmer Martin , Seyfarth André , Ahmad Sharbafi Maziar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article presents a novel neuromechanical force-based control strategy called FMCA (force modulated compliant ankle), to control a powered prosthetic foot. FMCA modulates the torque, based on sensory feedback, similar to neuromuscular control approaches. Instead of using a muscle reflex-based approach, FMCA directly exploits the vertical ground reaction force as sensory feedback to modulate the ankle joint impedance. For evaluation, we first demonstrated how FMCA can predict human-like ankle torque for different walking speeds. Second, we implemented the FMCA in a neuromuscular transtibial amputee walking simulation model to validate if the approach can be used to achieve stable walking and to compare the performance to a neuromuscular reflex-based controller that is already used in a powered ankle. Compared to the neuromuscular model-based approach, the FMCA is a simple solution with a sufficient push-off that can provide stable walking. Third, to assess the ability of the FMCA to generate human-like ankle biomechanics during walking at the preferred speed, we implemented this strategy in a powered prosthetic foot and performed experiments with a non-amputee subject. The results confirm that, for this subject, FMCA can be used to mimic the non-amputee reference ankle torque and the reference ankle angle. The findings of this study support the applicability and advantages of a new bioinspired control approach for assisting amputees. Future experiments should investigate the applicability to other walking speeds and the applicability to the target population.
Does Underthrusting Crust Feed Magmatic Flare‐Ups in Continental Arcs?
Authors: Yang Jiaming , Cao Wenrong , Gordon Stacia M. , Chu Xu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpisodic magmatic flare‐ups are documented in many continental arcs worldwide. Yet, the causes of such episodicity and the sources feeding the flare‐ups are not well‐understood. In this study, we use a 1‐D numerical model and scaling analysis to assess the mass balance and thermodynamic feasibility of generating arc magma as a result of partial melting of underthrusted retro‐arc lower crust. Results show the magma volumetric flux or magmatic thickening rate, is directly correlated with the crustal underthrusting rate and the relative timescales of heat transfer and underthrusting. For a continental arc with dimensions similar to the Sierra Nevada arc in California, we show with a constant underthrusting rate of 5 km/Myr, the magmatic thickening rate is 0.1–0.3 km/Myr. This is slightly below the baseline of arc magma thickening rate (∼0.3 km/Myr) from the mantle wedge and accounts for 10%–30% of the magmatic thickening rate during a flare‐up. The cumulative volume of magma generated from the partial melting of a 20‐km‐thick underthrusted lower crust is on the order of 105 km3, about 10%–40% of the estimated magma volume generated during a flare‐up. Therefore, we argue partial melting of underthrusted lower crust plays a partial or subsidiary role in driving a magmatic flare‐up event. Additional melts from the mantle and/or other crustal sources are needed to achieve the observed magmatic output during flare‐ups. The arc root developed by partial melting of the underthrusted crust reduces the time needed to obtain the critical thickness for root foundering, thus influencing the tempo of arc magmatism.
Closure of F Region Dynamo Currents: Revisiting CHAMP Magnetic Field Data
Authors: Park Jaeheung , Lühr Hermann , Yamazaki Yosuke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the equatorial F region exist upward/downward electric currents, which are generally attributed to dynamo action of thermospheric zonal wind. Despite the long history of their observations since the 1970s, the return path has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we revisit the magnetic field data of the Challenging Mini‐satellite Payload (CHAMP) to address the statistical distribution of the return currents. In addition to the F region dynamo currents near the dip equator, we have identified off‐equatorial bands with the reverse polarity. Both equatorial and off‐equatorial bands flip signs around 1600 magnetic local time (MLT) and are the weakest during June solstice. These similarities suggest that the off‐equatorial currents are tied to the equatorial F region dynamo and provide the return paths. The off‐equatorial return currents have the following characteristics. First, they are mostly confined within ±20° in magnetic latitude (MLAT) at CHAMP altitudes, which corresponds to <1,300‐km apex height. Second, the peak locations of the equatorial dynamo and the off‐equatorial return currents are zonally displaced from each other in terms of MLT and longitude. It implies that zonal currents in the topside F region participate in the current closure. Third, the return currents exhibit multiple zonal bands (beyond |MLAT| > 20°) near dusk during combined equinoxes, whose origin is currently unknown.
Satellite‐Based Monitoring of Irrigation Water Use: Assessing Measurement Errors and Their Implications for Agricultural Water Management Policy
Authors: Foster T. , Mieno T. , Brozović N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReliable accounting of agricultural water use is critical for sustainable water management. However, the majority of agricultural water use is not monitored, with limited metering of irrigation despite increasing pressure on both groundwater and surface water resources in many agricultural regions worldwide. Satellite remote sensing has been proposed as a low‐cost and scalable solution to fill widespread gaps in monitoring of irrigation water use in both developed and developing countries, bypassing the technical, socioeconomic, and political challenges that to date have constrained in situ metering. In this paper, we show through a systematic meta‐analysis that the relative accuracy of different satellite‐based irrigation water use monitoring approaches remains poorly understood, with evidence of large uncertainties when water use estimates are validated against in situ irrigation data at both field and regional scales. Subsequently, we demonstrate that water use measurement errors result in large economic welfare losses for farmers and may negatively impact ability of policies to limit acute and nonlinear externalities of irrigation abstraction on both the environment and other water users. Our findings highlight that water resource planners must consider the trade‐offs between accuracy and costs associated with different water use accounting approaches. Remote sensing has an important role to play in supporting improved agricultural water accounting—both independently and in combination with in situ monitoring. However, greater transparency and evidence is needed about underlying uncertainties in satellite‐based models, along with how these measurement errors affect the performance of associated policies to manage different short‐ and long‐term externalities of irrigation water use.
The long noncoding RNA LUCAT1 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by antagonizing Nucleolin to regulate MYC expression
Authors: Wu Runliu , Li Liang , Bai Yang , Yu Bowen , Xie Canbin , Wu Hao , Zhang Yi , Huang Lihua , Yan Yichao , Li Xiaorong , Lin Changwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LUCAT1 was recently reported to be upregulated and to play an essential role in multiple cancer types, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), but the molecular mechanisms of LUCAT1 in CRC are mostly unreported. Here, a systematic analysis of LUACT1 expression is performed with data from TCGA database and clinic CRC samples. LUCAT1 is identified as a putative oncogene, which is significantly upregulated in CRC and is associated with poor prognosis. Loss of LUCAT1 restricts CRC proliferative capacities in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, NCL is identified as the protein binding partner of LUCAT1 by using chromatin isolation by RNA purification coupled with mass spectrometry (ChIRP-MS) and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. We also show that NCL directly binds to LUCAT1 via its putative G-quadruplex-forming regions from nucleotides 717 to 746. The interaction between LUCAT1 and NCL interferes NCL-mediated inhibition of MYC and promote the expression of MYC. Cells lacking LUCAT1 show a decreased MYC expression, and NCL knockdown rescue LUCAT1 depletion-induced inhibition of CRC cell proliferation and MYC expression. Our results suggest that LUCAT1 plays a critical role in CRC cell proliferation by inhibiting the function of NCL via its G-quadruplex structure and may serve as a new prognostic biomarker and effective therapeutic target for CRC.
Learning the non-equilibrium dynamics of Brownian movies
Authors: Gnesotto Federico S. , Gradziuk Grzegorz , Ronceray Pierre , Broedersz Chase P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTime-lapse microscopy imaging provides direct access to the dynamics of soft and living systems. At mesoscopic scales, such microscopy experiments reveal intrinsic thermal and non-equilibrium fluctuations. These fluctuations, together with measurement noise, pose a challenge for the dynamical analysis of these Brownian movies. Traditionally, methods to analyze such experimental data rely on tracking embedded or endogenous probes. However, it is in general unclear, especially in complex many-body systems, which degrees of freedom are the most informative about their non-equilibrium nature. Here, we introduce an alternative, tracking-free approach that overcomes these difficulties via an unsupervised analysis of the Brownian movie. We develop a dimensional reduction scheme selecting a basis of modes based on dissipation. Subsequently, we learn the non-equilibrium dynamics, thereby estimating the entropy production rate and time-resolved force maps. After benchmarking our method against a minimal model, we illustrate its broader applicability with an example inspired by active biopolymer gels.
The Iceland-Faroe Slope Jet: a conduit for dense water toward the Faroe Bank Channel overflow
Authors: Semper Stefanie , Pickart Robert S. , Våge Kjetil , Larsen Karin Margretha H. , Hátún Hjálmar , Hansen Bogi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDense water from the Nordic Seas passes through the Faroe Bank Channel and supplies the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a critical component of the climate system. Yet, the upstream pathways of this water are not fully known. Here we present evidence of a previously unrecognised deep current following the slope from Iceland toward the Faroe Bank Channel using high-resolution, synoptic shipboard observations and long-term measurements north of the Faroe Islands. The bulk of the volume transport of the current, named the Iceland-Faroe Slope Jet (IFSJ), is relatively uniform in hydrographic properties, very similar to the North Icelandic Jet flowing westward along the slope north of Iceland toward Denmark Strait. This suggests a common source for the two major overflows across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. The IFSJ can account for approximately half of the total overflow transport through the Faroe Bank Channel, thus constituting a significant component of the overturning circulation in the Nordic Seas.
Exponentially-enhanced quantum sensing with non-Hermitian lattice dynamics
Authors: McDonald Alexander , Clerk Aashish A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNon-Hermitian systems exhibit markedly different phenomena than their conventional Hermitian counterparts. Several such features, such as the non-Hermitian skin effect, are only present in spatially extended systems. Potential applications of these effects in many-mode systems however remains largely unexplored. Here, we study how unique features of non-Hermitian lattice systems can be harnessed to improve Hamiltonian parameter estimation in a fully quantum setting. While the quintessential non-Hermitian skin effect does not provide any distinct advantage, alternate effects yield dramatic enhancements. We show that certain asymmetric non-Hermitian tight-binding models with a $${{\mathbb{Z}}}_{2}$$

Z

2

symmetry yield a pronounced sensing advantage: the quantum Fisher information per photon increases exponentially with system size. We find that these advantages persist in regimes where non-Markovian and non-perturbative effects become important. Our setup is directly compatible with a variety of quantum optical and superconducting circuit platforms, and already yields strong enhancements with as few as three lattice sites.
Shortwave-infrared meso-patterned imaging enables label-free mapping of tissue water and lipid content
Authors: Zhao Yanyu , Pilvar Anahita , Tank Anup , Peterson Hannah , Jiang John , Aster Jon C. , Dumas John Paul , Pierce Mark C. , Roblyer Darren 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWater and lipids are key participants in many biological processes, but there are few non-invasive methods that provide quantification of these components in vivo, and none that can isolate and quantify lipids in the blood. Here we develop a new imaging modality termed shortwave infrared meso-patterned imaging (SWIR-MPI) to provide label-free, non-contact, spatial mapping of water and lipid concentrations in tissue. The method utilizes patterned hyperspectral illumination to target chromophore absorption bands in the 900–1,300 nm wavelength range. We use SWIR-MPI to monitor clinically important physiological processes including edema, inflammation, and tumor lipid heterogeneity in preclinical models. We also show that SWIR-MPI can spatially map blood-lipids in humans, representing an example of non-invasive and contact-free measurements of in vivo blood lipids. Together, these results highlight the potential of SWIR-MPI to enable new capabilities in fundamental studies and clinical monitoring of major conditions including obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
Modulation of late Pleistocene ENSO strength by the tropical Pacific thermocline
Authors: Rustic Gerald T. , Polissar Pratigya J. , Ravelo Ana Christina , White Sarah M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is highly dependent on coupled atmosphere-ocean interactions and feedbacks, suggesting a tight relationship between ENSO strength and background climate conditions. However, the extent to which background climate state determines ENSO behavior remains in question. Here we present reconstructions of total variability and El Niño amplitude from individual foraminifera distributions at discrete time intervals over the past ~285,000 years across varying atmospheric CO2 levels, global ice volume and sea level, and orbital insolation forcing. Our results show a strong correlation between eastern tropical Pacific Ocean mixed-layer thickness and both El Niño amplitude and central Pacific variability. This ENSO-thermocline relationship implicates upwelling feedbacks as the major factor controlling ENSO strength on millennial time scales. The primacy of the upwelling feedback in shaping ENSO behavior across many different background states suggests accurate quantification and modeling of this feedback is essential for predicting ENSO’s behavior under future climate conditions.
Genome-scale metabolic rewiring improves titers rates and yields of the non-native product indigoidine at scale
Authors: Banerjee Deepanwita , Eng Thomas , Lau Andrew K. , Sasaki Yusuke , Wang Brenda , Chen Yan , Prahl Jan-Philip , Singan Vasanth R. , Herbert Robin A. , Liu Yuzhong , Tanjore Deepti , Petzold Christopher J. , Keasling Jay D. , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh titer, rate, yield (TRY), and scalability are challenging metrics to achieve due to trade-offs between carbon use for growth and production. To achieve these metrics, we take the minimal cut set (MCS) approach that predicts metabolic reactions for elimination to couple metabolite production strongly with growth. We compute MCS solution-sets for a non-native product indigoidine, a sustainable pigment, in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, an emerging industrial microbe. From the 63 solution-sets, our omics guided process identifies one experimentally feasible solution requiring 14 simultaneous reaction interventions. We implement a total of 14 genes knockdowns using multiplex-CRISPRi. MCS-based solution shifts production from stationary to exponential phase. We achieve 25.6 g/L, 0.22 g/l/h, and ~50% maximum theoretical yield (0.33 g indigoidine/g glucose). These phenotypes are maintained from batch to fed-batch mode, and across scales (100-ml shake flasks, 250-ml ambr®, and 2-L bioreactors).