bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Übertragung von Konzepten des Digitalen Zwillings auf die Produktion von Betonfertigteilen in der Bauindustrie
Authors: Gerhard Detlef , Neges Matthias , Wolf Mario 
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung
Innovative adaptive modulare Bauweisen von Betonfertigteilen aus Hochleistungswerkstoffen mit Fließfertigungsverfahren erfordern eine Echtzeit-Vernetzung von Produkten, Prozessen und Systemen auf der Basis konsistenter Daten. Ausgehend von den Erkenntnissen im Bereich Maschinenbau und den Forschungsaktivitäten im Rahmen von Industrie 4.0 reflektiert dieser Beitrag durchgängige und anpassungsfähige Informationsflüsse und Interaktionsmodelle für eine industrialisierte, fehlertolerante und schnelle Produktion von Modulen aus vorgefertigten frei formbaren Hochleistungsbetonbauteilen.
Kinematisierung Digitaler Zwillinge mittels historischer Daten aus dem Product Lifecycle Management
Authors: Zscheile Frank 
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung
Der Einsatz von Digitalen Zwillingen und Digitalen Informationszwillingen wird seit einiger Zeit in einem durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Forschungsprojekt unter Beteiligung des Fraunhofer Institutes für Fabrikbetrieb und -automatisierung erforscht. Partner im Projekt ist der PLM-Spezialist PROCAD GmbH & Co KG aus Karlsruhe, mit dessen Software PRO.FILE der digitale Informationszwilling abgebildet wird.
Association between National Early Warning Scores in primary care and clinical outcomes: an observational study in UK primary and secondary care
Authors: Scott Lauren J , Redmond Niamh M , Tavaré Alison , Little Hannah , Srivastava Seema , Pullyblank Anne 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundNHS England has mandated use of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), more recently NEWS2, in acute settings, and suggested its use in primary care. However, there is reluctance from GPs to adopt NEWS/NEWS2.AimTo assess whether NEWS calculated at the point of GP referral into hospital is associated with outcomes in secondary care.Design and settingAn observational study using routinely collected data from primary and secondary care.MethodNEWS values were prospectively collected for 13 047 GP referrals into acute care between July 2017 and December 2018. NEWS values were examined and multivariate linear and logistic regression used to assess associations with process measures and clinical outcomes.ResultsHigher NEWS values were associated with faster conveyance for patients travelling by ambulance, for example, median 94 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 69–139) for NEWS ≥7; median 132 minutes, (IQR 84–236) for NEWS = 0 to 2); faster time from hospital arrival to medical review (54 minutes [IQR 25–114] for NEWS ≥7; 78 minutes [IQR 34–158] for NEWS = 0 to 2); as well as increased length of stay (5 days [IQR 2–11] versus 1 day [IQR 0–5]); intensive care unit admissions (2.0% versus 0.5%); sepsis diagnosis (11.7% versus 2.5%); and mortality, for example, 30-day mortality 12.0% versus 4.1% for NEWS ≥7 versus NEWS = 0 to 2, respectively. On average, for patients referred without a NEWS value (NEWS = NR), most clinical outcomes were comparable with patients with NEWS = 3 to 4, but ambulance conveyance time and time to medical review were comparable with patients with NEWS = 0 to 2.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that higher NEWS values calculated at GP referral into hospital are associated with a faster medical review and poorer clinical outcomes.
أثر إستراتيجية زمن الانتظار في تحصيل مادة البلاغة عندَ طالبات الصف الخامس الأدبي
Authors: م . د نغم شاكر جبار  
Published: April 2020

يرمي البحث الحالي تعرف اثر إستراتيجية زمن الانتظار في تحصيل مادة البلاغة عند طالبات الصف الخامس الأدبي, لتحقيق ذلك اعتمدت الباحثة تصميماً تجريبياً ذا الضبط الجزئي وهو تصميم المجموعة الضابطة ذات الاختبار البعدي, وتكونت العينة من (66) طالبة من طالبات الصف الخامس الأدبي في ثانوية الوحدة الوطنية للبنات في بغداد, بواقع (34) طالبة في المجموعة التجريبية التي تدرس على وفق إستراتيجية زمن الانتظار و(32) طالبة في المجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس بالطريقة الاعتيادية .
أعدت الباحثة اختباراً تحصيلياً مكونا من (30) فقرة من نوع الاختيار من متعدد وتأكدت من صدقه وثباته وخصائصه السيكومترية .
باستعمال الاختبار التائيّ لعينتين مستقلتين, أسفرت الدراسة من وجود فرقٍ ذي دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط درجات طالبات مجموعتي البحث ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية .
Acute Onset Concomitant Esotropia: Sensorial Evaluation, Prism Adaptation Test, and Surgery Planning
Authors: Savino Gustavo , Colucci Daniela , Rebecchi Maria Teresa , Dickmann Anna 
Published: April 2020

Background and Objective:
Acute acquired concomitant esotropia is a rare form of strabismus that usually presents during infancy or early childhood with diplopia and minimal refractive error. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to the prism adaptation test in a group of normosensorial patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia and to determine its predictive value for surgical outcome.

Patients and Methods:
Six patients (median age, 11.5 years) with acute acquired concomitant esotropia underwent the prism adaptation test by applications of Fresnel press-on and prismatic lenses. The sensorial condition of each patient had been evaluated with the TNO stereopsis test, the Irvine test, Bagolini striated glasses, and the Worth four-dot test during the prism adaptation test, when maximum compensation angle was achieved, and after surgery. In all patients, surgery was performed based on the angle of the squint after the prism adaptation test. Patients were observed 1 day, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery.

Results:
An increase in the angle of the squint occurred in all patients during prism adaptation. The maximum value was obtained in the same amount of time whether with prisms of increasing power or by direct application of the final value of the prisms. The final prismatic value (target angle) was always the same.

Conclusions:
The accuracy of the patients' selection confirmed the existence of highly reproducible compensational movements to the prismatic correction in not only patients with anomalous retinal correspondence but also normosensorial patients. Prism adaptation test results were useful in these patients because of their high predictive value for the surgical treatment.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:342–348.
The increase in the curvature radius of geomagnetic field lines preceding a classical dipolarization
Authors: Saka Osuke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Based on assumptions that substorm field line dipolarization at
geosynchronous altitudes is associated with the arrival of high-velocity
magnetotail flow bursts referred to as bursty bulk flows, the
following sequence of field line dipolarization is proposed: (1) slow magnetoacoustic
wave excited through ballooning instability by enhanced inflows in pre-onset
intervals towards the equatorial plane; (2) in the equatorial plane, slow
magnetoacoustic wave stretching of the flux tube in dawn–dusk directions
resulting in spreading plasmas in dawn–dusk directions and reduction in the
radial pressure gradient in the flux tube. As a consequence of these
processes, the flux tube assumes a new equilibrium geometry in which
the curvature radius of new field lines increased in the meridian plane,
suggesting an onset of field line dipolarization. The dipolarization
processes associated with changing the curvature radius preceded classical
dipolarization caused by a reduction of cross-tail currents and pileup of the
magnetic fields. Increasing the curvature radius induced a convection surge in the equatorial plane
as well as inductive westward electric fields of the order of millivolts per meter (mV m−1). Electric
fields transmitted to the ionosphere produce an electromotive force in the E
layer for generating a field-aligned current system of Bostrom type. This is
also equivalent to the creation of an incomplete Cowling channel in the
ionospheric E layer by the convection surge.
Attitude of Postgraduate Students towards Plagiarism in University of Port Harcourt
Authors: Orluwene G. W. , Magnus-Arewa A. E. 
Published: April 2020

Plagiarism remains a threat to scientific integrity and development of knowledge. This study examined postgraduate students’ attitude towards plagiarism at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Three research questions and corresponding hypotheses guided the study. The descriptive research design was used for the study with a sample size of 200 postgraduate students was drawn using the purposive non-random sampling technique, from a population size of 1762 postgraduate students of the University of Port Harcourt. A questionnaire titled "Attitude of Post- Graduate Students towards Plagiarism Questionnaire" (APSPQ) was used as an instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated by experts and the reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach alpha, Data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, independent t-test and Two-way ANOVA at 0.05 level of significances. Findings revealed that most postgraduate students of the University of Port Harcourt had a positive attitude towards plagiarism, the male postgraduate student had a negative attitude towards plagiarism while the Master students had negative attitude towards plagiarism. Part of the recommendations was that the University of Port Harcourt from time to time should organize orientation programmes for all postgraduate students based on the concept as well as implications for plagiarism.
Stiffness Self‐Tuned Shape Memory Hydrogels for Embolization of Aneurysms
Authors: Liu Bo , Xu Ziyang , Gao Haijun , Fan Chuanchuan , Ma Guangshuo , Zhang Dongfei , Xiao Meng , Zhang Bingjie , Yang Yang , Cui Chunyan , Wu Tengling , Feng Xuequan , Liu Wenguang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn aneurysm is a life‐threatening vascular disease. Embolization with shape memory (SM) hydrogel coils is promising for the treatment of the intractable aneurysms. However, single temperature‐triggered SM is softened in a catheter, and delivery of multiple coils is required, which may clog the catheter and complicate operation procedure. Here, a radiopaque temperature/pH dual responsive shape memory hydrogel with self‐tuned stiffness is fabricated by copolymerizing acrylonitrile (AN, dipole–dipole interaction monomer), N‐acryloyl 2‐glycine (ACG, pH‐sensitive H‐bonding monomer), and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Under slightly acidic conditions without eliciting cytotoxicity, additional supramolecular PACG hydrogen bonds combined with cyano dipole–dipole pairings contribute to the body temperature‐triggered SM effect with an unprecedented high 430 MPa (10 °C) and 16 MPa (37 °C) Young's modulus. A carotid aneurysm is created in a dog to test the embolization of this SM hydrogel. At 37 °C, the hydrogel's high stiffness ensures its smooth delivery through a catheter. After being transported into the aneurysm sac, secondary swelling occurs concurrent with appropriate decrease of stiffness upon contacting neutral blood, thus enhancing the packing density and reducing recanalization rate and delivery times. This stiffness adaptive SM hydrogel holds its great potential as permanent embolic agents for treating a variety of aneurysms.
All‐Natural, Degradable, Rolled‐Up Straws Based on Cellulose Micro‐ and Nano‐Hybrid Fibers
Authors: Wang Xizheng , Pang Zhenqian , Chen Chaoji , Xia Qinqin , Zhou Yubing , Jing Shuangshuang , Wang Ruiliu , Ray Upamanyu , Gan Wentao , Li Claire , Chen Gegu , Foster Bob , Li Teng , Hu Liangbing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAmong all the plastic pollution, straws have brought particularly intricate problems since they are single use, consumed in a large volume, cannot be recycled in most places, and can never be fully degraded. To solve this problem, replacements for plastic straws are being developed following with the global trend of plastic straw bans. Nevertheless, none of the available degradable alternatives are satisfactory due to drawbacks including poor natural degradability, high cost, low mechanical performance, and poor water stability. Here, all‐natural degradable straws are designed by hybridizing cellulose nanofibers and microfibers in a binder‐free manner. Straws are fabricated by rolling up the wet hybrid film and sealed by the internal hydrogen bonding formed among the cellulose fibers after drying. The cellulose hybrid straws show exceptional behaviors including 1) excellent mechanical performance (high tensile strength of ≈70 MPa and high ductility with a fracture strain of 12.7%), 2) sufficient hydrostability (10× wet mechanical strength compared to commercial paper straw), 3) low cost, and 4) high natural degradability. Given the low‐cost raw materials, the binder‐free hybrid design based on cellulose structure can potentially be a suitable solution to solve the environmental challenges brought by the enormous usage of plastics straws.
Interfacial Strain Gradients Control Nanoscale Domain Morphology in Epitaxial BiFeO3 Multiferroic Films
Authors: Sando Daniel , Han Mengjiao , Govinden Vivasha , Paull Oliver , Appert Florian , Carrétéro Cécile , Fischer Johanna , Barthélémy Agnès , Bibes Manuel , Garcia Vincent , Fusil Stéphane , Dkhil Brahim , Juraszek Jean , Zhu Yinlian , Ma Xiuliang , Nagarajan Valanoor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDomain switching pathways fundamentally control performance in ferroelectric thin film devices. In epitaxial bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) films, the domain morphology is known to influence the multiferroic orders. While both striped and mosaic domains have been observed, the origins of the latter have remained unclear. Here, it is shown that domain morphology is defined by the strain profile across the film–substrate interface. In samples with mosaic domains, X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals strong strain gradients, while geometric phase analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy finds that within 5 nm of the film–substrate interface, the out‐of‐plane strain shows an anomalous dip while the in‐plane strain is constant. Conversely, if uniform strain is maintained across the interface with zero strain gradient, striped domains are formed. Critically, an ex situ thermal treatment, which eliminates the interfacial strain gradient, converts the domains from mosaic to striped. The antiferromagnetic state of the BiFeO3 is also influenced by the domain structure, whereby the mosaic domains disrupt the long‐range spin cycloid. This work demonstrates that atomic scale tuning of interfacial strain gradients is a powerful route to manipulate the global multiferroic orders in epitaxial films.
Design of a Multifunctional Interlayer for NASCION‐Based Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Xiong Shizhao , Liu Yangyang , Jankowski Piotr , Liu Qiao , Nitze Florian , Xie Kai , Song Jiangxuan , Matic Aleksandar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNASCION‐type Li conductors have great potential to bring high capacity solid‐state batteries to realization, related to its properties such as high ionic conductivity, stability under ambient conditions, wide electrochemical stability window, and inexpensive production. However, their chemical and thermal instability toward metallic lithium (Li) has severely hindered attempts to utilize Li as anode material in NASCION‐based battery systems. In this work, it is shown how a tailored multifunctional interlayer between the solid electrolyte and Li anode can successfully address the interfacial issues. This interlayer is designed by creating a quasi‐solid‐state paste in which the functionalities of LAGP (Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3) nanoparticles and an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte are combined. In a solid‐sate cell, the LAGP‐IL interlayer separates the Li metal from bulk LAGP and creates a chemically stable interface with low resistance (≈5 Ω cm2) and efficiently prevents thermal runaway at elevated temperatures (300 °C). Solid‐state cells designed with the interlayer can be operated at high current densities, 1 mA cm−2, and enable high rate capability with high safety. Here developed strategy provides a generic path to design interlayers for solid‐state Li metal batteries.
Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in no‐till hard red spring wheat production
Authors: Walsh Olga S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is a need to develop more efficient nutrient management strategies to maximize wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields and increase grain protein levels. Urea, most widely used N fertilizer, is susceptible to substantial losses, resulting in low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). This study assessed the effect of N and K fertilization on hard red spring wheat production under dryland no‐till conditions in Montana. A field experiment was conducted during one growing season at two locations in Northcentral Montana. Fertilizer N was applied as urea (46–0–0) or as a urea–KCl (50:50 blend) at planting to achieve two target N rates, 135 and 270 kg N ha−1. Biomass weight, N content, and sensor‐based Normalized Vegetative Difference Index (NDVI), yield, test weight, and grain protein content of wheat was evaluated. Results indicated that: (a) N may increase wheat grain quality (protein content) even when wheat yield is not increased, (b) KCl application, along with N, may result in greater wheat biomass production and grain protein values, and (c) NDVI may be more sensitive to the amount of produced biomass than to N content of that biomass. In conclusion, even if yield response to N is minimal, N is beneficial for improving grain protein content of wheat. Addition of KCl along with N may produce greater wheat biomass and increase biomass N content. The NDVI may be more sensitive to the amount of produced biomass than to its N content.
Summer forage capabilities of tepary bean and guar in the southern Great Plains
Authors: Baath Gurjinder S. , Northup Brian K. , Gowda Prasanna H. , Rocateli Alexandre C. , Singh Hardeep 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLow nutritive value of perennial warm‐season grasses often causes limitation to stocker cattle production in the U.S. southern Great Plains (SGP). Exploration of novel legumes capable of generating nutritious summer forage is required to fill forage deficit periods. This 2‐yr field experiment compared the seasonal changes in forage biomass, leaf/stem ratio, and chemical composition of three varieties each of tepary bean [Phaseolus acutifolius (A.) Gray] and guar [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Tepary bean cultivar Black outperformed soybean and guar varieties by producing 18–48% greater aboveground dry matter (ADM) amounts (6537 kg ha−1) with a leaf/stem ratio of 3.1 at 65 days after planting (DAP). The ADM and leaf nutritive value of soybean were not surpassed by the other five tested legumes, but had the least digestible stems with an in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of 529–581 g kg−1 in both years. Guar varieties maintained a lower leaf/stem ratio (1.3–1.5 kg kg−1) throughout the growing season, which could limit its value for grazing compared to other legumes. We concluded tepary bean could serve as an alternate forage option to soybean for producers in the SGP. Tepary bean possessed the greatest capabilities for producing adequate biomass yields with superior and consistent nutritive value when grown as a summer forage. Future research should focus on defining management practices for growing tepary bean in extensive production settings for grazing or hay.
Impact of adherence to board‐certified surgeon systems and clinical practice guidelines on colon cancer surgical outcomes in Japan: A questionnaire survey of the National Clinical Database
Authors: Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Kotake Kenjiro , Sugihara Kenichi , Toh Yasushi , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the effectiveness of the institutional medical structure and of the implemented clinical practice guidelines for improving colon cancer surgical outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a web‐based questionnaire survey among departments registered at the National Clinical Database in Japan from October 2014 to January 2015 to assess the association between quality indicators (QIs), including structure and process indicators (clinical practice guideline adherence), and the risk‐adjusted odds ratio for operative mortality (AOR) after right hemicolectomy for colorectal cancer during the study period.ResultsAmong the 2064 departments registering at least one colorectal surgery during the study period, we obtained responses from 814 departments (39.4%). Our analysis on data from 22 816 patients with right hemicolectomy demonstrated that three structural QIs (certification of training hospitals by the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery and the presences of board‐certified gastroenterological and colorectal surgeons) were associated with significantly lower AOR (P < .001, P = .02, and P = .05, respectively). The “performed at the doctor's discretion” answer was associated with poorer short‐term outcomes in six process QIs than other answers.ConclusionThe board certification system for gastroenterological and colorectal surgeons and the adherence to the clinical guidelines improve the operative mortality after right hemicolectomy. It is desired to clarify the most suitable QIs to reduce the operative mortality after colorectal surgery.
Minimally invasive complete mesocolic excision for right colon cancer
Authors: Park Hyunmi , Lee Tae‐Hoon , Kim Seon‐Hahn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractComplete mesocolic excision (CME) with central vascular ligation (CVL) follows the same principles as the total mesorectal excision (TME) in the rectum of following the embryological planes for right‐sided cancers. The number of lymph nodes yielded increased with a resultant improvement in the oncological outcomes and by reducing local recurrence rates. Hohenberger's radical CME and CVL and the East's modified CME with D3 lymphadenectomy, which traditionally followed the embryological plane dissection for most of its intraabdominal cancer resection, have both shown to harvest significantly higher number of lymph nodes leading to a higher overall survival rate than the traditional right hemicolectomies of the West. To achieve the oncologically superior excision of the CME, awareness of the significant vascular anatomical variation will enhance the precision of the oncosurgery as well as minimize the risk of vascular complications. There has been an increasing body of evidence emerging on the safety of minimally invasive surgery (MIS); both its oncological safety as well as complication rates in the hands of expert and trained surgeons. The surgical technique of a CME right hemicolectomy is described step by step to aid standardization. There is mounting evidence that CME + CVL/ D3 improves survival in patients with colon cancer. Whilst the technical aspect of MIS is more challenging than the left, with a standardized technique and systematic teaching method, safety and benefits for patients can be achieved.