bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protest, Worship, and the Deformation of Prayer
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The idea that lament and protest might have a valuable place in Christian liturgy and practice has become a topic of increasing philosophical-theological interest. In The Hiddenness of God, Rea defended the view that God authorizes and validates lament and protest from human beings—including impious protest, which emerges from outright anger, sorrow, or other negative emotions in response to apparent divine injustice. But this view apparently stands in tension with widespread assumptions about worship and prayer. In particular, it is hard to see how God can authorize and validate impious protest if it is always true that everyone ought to worship God; and it is also tempting to think that impious protest is an instance of what Lauren Winner calls the ‘characteristic deformation of prayer’, which, in turn, suggests that it is defective prayer that should neither be authorized nor validated by God. This chapter addresses these apparent tensions.
The Emergence of New Business Models
Authors: Treadgold Alan , Reynolds Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 discusses the emergence of entirely new business models enabled, inevitably, by technology and which challenge long-established notions of what it means to be a retail enterprise. The business models for established retail enterprises are being reshaped by the need to make heavy investments in areas such as logistics and IT that have historically been regarded as support functions rather than as integral to the sustained competitive advantage and success of the enterprise. Moreover, established retailers are competing with aggressive and effective enterprises such as internet-enabled platform providers with entirely different business models. As well as a competition between philosophies of what it means to be a retailer, this is a competition between very different business models.
Bringing Order to the New World Order
Authors: Treadgold Alan , Reynolds Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The retail industry globally is undergoing a transformation that will prove ultimately to be more profound in its impact on shoppers and retailers than any which has taken place before. Such is the scale, pace, and disruptive nature of change that it can feel overwhelmingly difficult to understand, let alone to anticipate, plan, and manage its impacts on an enterprise. Chapter 6, the final chapter in Part 1, sets out an organizing framework for locating the major drivers of change in the new landscape of retailing, according to the extent to which change is an opportunity or a threat; the level of immediacy of change; its anticipated impact on the enterprise; and the level of certainty or uncertainty that the change represents.
The Epistemology of Groups
Authors: Lackey Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Groups are often said to bear responsibility for their actions, many of which have enormous moral, legal, and social significance. The Trump Administration, for instance, is said to be responsible for the U.S.’s inept and deceptive handling of COVID-19 and the harms that American citizens have suffered as a result. But are groups subject to normative assessment simply in virtue of their individual members being so, or are they somehow agents in their own right? Answering this question depends on understanding key concepts in the epistemology of groups, as we cannot hold the Trump Administration responsible without first determining what it believed, knew, and said. Deflationary theorists hold that group phenomena can be understood entirely in terms of individual members and their states. Inflationary theorists maintain that group phenomena are importantly over and above, or otherwise distinct from, individual members and their states. It is argued that neither approach is satisfactory. Groups are more than their members, but not because they have “minds of their own,” as the inflationists hold. Instead, this book shows how group phenomena—like belief, justification, and knowledge—depend on what the individual group members do or are capable of doing while being subject to group-level normative requirements. This framework, it is argued, allows for the correct distribution of responsibility across groups and their individual members.
Group Knowledge
Authors: Lackey Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, two influential kinds of purported group knowledge that pose challenges to my account of justified group belief are examined. The first is often referred to as “social knowledge,” a paradigmatic instance of which is the so-called knowledge possessed by the scientific community, where no single individual knows a proposition, but the information plays a functional role in the community. The second is “collective knowledge,” where knowledge may be imputed to a group by aggregating bits of information had by its individual members. It is shown that both social knowledge and collective knowledge sever the crucial connection between knowledge and action, and open the door to serious abuses, not only epistemically, but morally and legally as well. Bits of information that are merely accessible to group members, or individual instances of knowledge that are aggregated with no communication, do not amount to group knowledge in any robust sense.
Group Assertion
Authors: Lackey Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter begins by distinguishing between two kinds of group assertion—coordinated and authority-based—and it is argued that authority-based group assertion is the core notion. It is then shown that a deflationary view of group assertion, according to which a group’s asserting is understood in terms of individual assertions, is misguided. This is the case because a group can clearly assert a proposition even when no individual does. A positive inflationary view of group assertion is then developed, according to which it is the group itself that is the asserter, even though this standardly occurs through a spokesperson(s) or other proxy agent(s) having the authority to speak on behalf of the group. A central virtue of my account is that it provides the framework for distinguishing when responsibility for an assertion lies at the collective level and when it should be shouldered by an individual simply speaking for herself.
“I Must Change My Life”
Authors: Abzug Robert H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The chapter recounts the intimate and public missionary life of May in Greece from 1930 to 1933. He finds the experience daunting, thrust from small town American life both to the scenes of classical antiquity and contemporary conflict between Greece and Turkey. He teaches refugee kids and realizes they have seen more and experienced worse moments than he ever has. All of this leads to a religious crisis in which May commits to a personalist vision of Christianity in opposition to a typical missionary attitude of simply counting saved souls without guiding their individual growth in grace. His crisis is also an exercise in rebellion against what he sees as his father’s superficial Christianity. In all, early 1932 is a turning point in his sense of self and his vision of the future borne of both the challenge and discomfort of Europe and Salonika in particular
“I will not become a professional Christian”
Authors: Abzug Robert H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the spring of 1934, May’s father leaves his family and Rollo is recalled to Michigan to take charge. He does so and becomes a counselor at the Michigan State Y and a campus counselor. That experience and his time with Adler in Vienna spur him to write about student counseling in several articles. He begins to craft a future merging religious and psychological themes. These articles and word-of-mouth in the Y network make him known as a future practitioner of pastoral psychology. At the same time, he works hard and successfully puts his family on an even keel.
The Electoral Consequences of Scandals: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Praino Rodrigo , Stockemer Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As the number of scandals involving politicians in office rises worldwide, the number of studies dedicated to analysing these scandals and their consequences rises as well. In this article, we try to summarise this emerging literature focusing on quantitative studies that use scandal as an independent variable to model its influence on politicians’ electoral results. The analysis finds that scandal-ridden politicians tend to get fewer votes at the ballot box, are more likely to lose elections, and are less likely to win re-election. It also finds that the link between scandal and turnout is unclear; some models indicate that scandals depress turnout, while others report an increase in turnout.
JAK1 inhibition and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Harris Clare , Cummings J R Fraser 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Primary non-response and secondary loss of response remain a significant issue with the currently available treatment options for a significant proportion of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There are multiple unmet needs in the IBD treatment algorithm and new treatment options are required. As our understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD evolves, new therapeutic targets are being identified. The JAK-STAT pathway has been extensively studied. Tofacitinib, a JAK1 inhibitor, is now licensed for use in the induction and maintenance of ulcerative colitis and there are a large number of molecules currently under investigation. These new small molecule drugs (SMDs) will challenge current treatment pathways at a time when clinical therapeutic outcomes are rapidly evolving and becoming more ambitious. This is a review of the current JAK1 inhibitors in IBD including the current evidence from clinical trials.
Dual-energy computed tomography vs ultrasound, alone or combined, for the diagnosis of gout: a prospective study of accuracy
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A , Budzik Jean-François , Becce Fabio , Pascart Tristan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
To examine the accuracy of dual-energy CT (DECT) vs ultrasound or their combination for the diagnosis of gout.

Methods
Using prospectively collected data from an outpatient rheumatology clinic at a tertiary-care hospital, we examined the diagnostic accuracy of either modality alone or their combination, by anatomical site (feet/ankles and/or knees), for the diagnosis of gout. We used two standards: (i) demonstration of monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid (gold), and (ii) modified (excluding DECT and ultrasound) 2015 ACR–EULAR gout classification criteria (silver).

Results
Of the 147 patients who provided data, 48 (33%) had synovial fluid analysis performed (38 were monosodium urate-crystal positive) and mean symptom duration was 9.2 years. One hundred (68%) patients met the silver standard. Compared with the gold standard, diagnostic accuracy statistics for feet/ankles DECT, feet/ankles ultrasound, knees DECT and knees ultrasound were, respectively: sensitivity: 87%, 84%, 91% and 58%; specificity: 100%, 60%, 87% and 80%; positive predictive value: 100%, 89%, 97% and 92%; negative predictive value: 67%, 50%, 70% and 33%; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.93, 0.72, 0.89 and 0.66. Combining feet/ankles DECT with ultrasound or knees DECT with ultrasound led to a numerically higher sensitivity compared with DECT alone, but overall accuracy was lower. Similarly, combining imaging knees to feet/ankles also yielded a numerically higher sensitivity and negative predictive values compared with feet/ankles DECT alone, without differences in overall accuracy. Findings were replicated compared with the silver standard, but with lower numbers.

Conclusions
Feet/ankles or knees DECT alone had the best overall accuracy for gout diagnosis. The DECT–US combination or multiple joint imaging offered no additional increase in overall diagnostic accuracy.
Sleep during menopausal transition: a 10-year follow-up
Authors: Kalleinen Nea , Aittokallio Jenni , Lampio Laura , Kaisti Matti , Polo-Kantola Päivi , Polo Olli , Heinonen Olli J , Saaresranta Tarja 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
A 10-year observational follow-up study to evaluate the changes in sleep architecture during the menopausal transition.

Methods
Fifty-seven premenopausal women (mean age 46 years, SD 0.9) were studied at baseline and after a 10-year follow-up. At both time points, polysomnography (PSG) was performed, and the serum follicle-stimulating hormone (S-FSH) concentration was measured. Linear regression models were used to study the effects of aging and menopause (assessed as change in S-FSH) on sleep.

Results
After controlling for body mass index, vasomotor, and depressive symptoms, higher S-FSH level was associated with longer sleep latency (B 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07 to 0.83). Aging of 10 years was associated with shorter sleep latency (B −46.8, 95% CI: −77.2 to −16.4), shorter latency to stage 2 sleep (B −50.6, 95% CI: −85.3 to −15.9), decreased stage 2 sleep (B −12.4, 95% CI: −21.4 to −3.4), and increased slow-wave sleep (B 12.8, 95% CI: 2.32 to 23.3) after controlling for confounding factors.

Conclusions
This study suggests that PSG measured sleep of middle-aged women does not worsen over a 10-year time span due to the menopausal transition. The observed changes seem to be rather age- than menopause-dependent.
Truncal tetanus: a case report
Authors: Bağcı Zafer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Localized tetanus is a rare form of tetanus that can progress to generalized tetanus.

Case
In this report, we present a case of localized tetanus in a 9-year-old boy who had never been vaccinated against tetanus. He had an interesting clinical presentation and was successfully treated.

Discussion
This case is the first case reported in the literature that is characterized by tetanus localized in the chest, abdomen and back muscles. This clinical condition of tetanus being localized only in the trunk without the involvement of the head and extremities is so characteristic that it can be described as ‘truncal tetanus’.

Conclusion
Localized tetanus can be found in many different parts of the body, depending on location of the injury. Owing to the risk of progression to generalized tetanus, it is important to obtain a full history and perform careful physical examination for an early and accurate diagnosis.
Artificial stone silicosis
Authors: Hoy Ryan F. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
This review details recent findings related to the health effects of occupational exposure to artificial stone dust and the rapid increase in cases of artificial stone associated silicosis around the world.

Recent findings
High crystalline silica content artificial stone is now commonly used for the production of kitchen benchtops. Reports of artificial stone silicosis from many countries have noted that workers were typically employed at small workplaces and were often diagnosed in their 30s or 40s. Poor exposure control measures were common, including the practice of ‘dry processing’. Dust generated from artificial stone has been noted to have properties that influence toxicity, including high silica content, generation of nanosized particles and presence of metals and resins. Artificial stone silicosis differs from silicosis associated with other occupational settings including shorter latency and rapid disease progression. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) chest imaging of artificial stone silicosis has often noted the presence of ground glass opacities, which may not be detected in chest x-ray screening. Increased prevalence of autoimmune disease, such as scleroderma, has also been reported in this industry.

Summary
Further evaluation of the safety of work with artificial stone is required, including the effectiveness of dust control measures. Current reports of artificial stone silicosis indicate the potential for widespread undiagnosed respiratory disease in this industry. Provision of more sensitive health screening methods for all at-risk workers and the development of new treatment options particularly for this form of silicosis is urgently required.
Discharge Communication: A Multi-Institutional Survey of Internal Medicine Residents’ Education and Practices
Authors: Trivedi Shreya P. , Kopp Zoe , Tang Alice J. , Mammen Albin , Pandya Dharmini , Horwitz Leora I. , Schwartz Mark D. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
To characterize residents’ practices around hospital discharge communication and their exposure to transitions-of-care instruction in graduate medical education (GME).

Method
In 2019, internal medicine residents at 7 academic medical centers completed a cross-sectional survey reporting the types of transitions-of-care instruction they experienced during GME training and the frequency with which they performed 6 key discharge communication practices. The authors calculated a mean discharge communication score for each resident, and, using multiple logistic regression, they analyzed the relationship between exposure to types of educational experiences and discharge communication practices residents reported they performed frequently (> 60% of time). The authors used content analysis to explore factors that motivated residents to change their discharge practices.

Results
The response rate was 63.5% (613/966). Resident discharge communication practices varied. Notably, only 17.0% (n = 104) reported routinely asking patients to “teach-back” or explain their understanding of the discharge plans. The odds of frequently performing key discharge communication practices were greater if residents received instruction based on observation of and feedback regarding their communication (adjusted odds ratio 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–2.81) or if they received explicit on-rounds teaching (adjusted OR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.04–2.23). In open-ended comments, residents reported that experiencing adverse patient events at some point in the postdischarge continuum was a major impetus for practice change.

Conclusions
This study exposes gaps in hospital discharge communication with patients, highlights the benefits of workplace-based instruction on discharge communication skills, and reveals the influence of adverse events as a source of hidden curricula. The results suggest that developing faculty to incorporate transitions-of-care instruction in their rounds teaching and integrating experiences across the postdischarge continuum into residents’ education may foster physicians-in-training who are champions of effective transitions of care within the fragmented health care system.
New insights into modeling exposure measurements below the limit of detection
Authors: Ortega-Villa Ana Maria , Liu Danping , Ward Mary H. , Albert Paul S. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
In environmental epidemiology, it is of interest to assess the health effects of environmental exposures. Some exposure analytes present values that are below the laboratory limit of detection (LOD). There have been many methods proposed for handling this issue to incorporate exposures subject to LOD in risk modeling using logistic regression. We present a fresh look at proposed methods to handle exposure analytes that present values that are below the LOD.

Methods:
We performed comparisons through an extensive simulation study and a cancer epidemiology example. The methods we considered were a maximum-likelihood approach, multiple imputation, Cox regression, complete case analysis, filling in values below the LOD with

JOURNAL/enep/04.03/01984727-202102000-00001/inline-graphic1/v/2023-11-15T211757Z/r/image-tiff

, and a missing indicator method.

Results:
We found that the logistic regression coefficient associated with the exposure (subject to LOD) can be severely biased when underlying assumptions are not met, even with a relatively small proportion (under 20%) of measurements below the LOD.

Conclusions:
We propose the use of a simple method where the relationship between the analyte and disease risk is modeled only above the detection limit with an intercept term at the LOD and a slope parameter, which makes no assumptions about what happens below the LOD. In most practical situations, our results suggest that this simple method may be the best choice for analyzing analytes with detection limits.
Pharmacobezoar After Venlafaxine and Oxazepam Overdose: How Pharmacokinetics Could Help?—A Grand Round
Authors: Laurent Raphaël , Varvat Cécile , Goudard Delphine , Delavenne Xavier , Gauthier Vincent , Launay Manon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
The authors present here a case of a pharmacobezoar after drug overdose, diagnosed using multiple blood samples for TDM. This grand round highlights the importance of a dialog between a clinician and a TDM consultant for the optimal care of a patient.
Missed Physical Therapy Treatments in the Acute Hospital: Toward a More Complete Understanding
Authors: Shan Guogen , Johnson Stephen Lee , Fertitta Joseph , Kim Jesse , Williams Patrick , Wu Qing , Ge Kan , Daruwalla Jehangir , Benning Stephen D. , Young Daniel L. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Therapy sessions that do not result in treatment (nontreatment) occur in 15% to 26% of scheduled sessions. The relationship between therapist personality and nontreatment is unknown.

Objective:
To determine the relationship between physical therapist personality and nontreatment events in the acute hospital.

Methods:
The relationship between physical therapist personality (Big Five Inventory) and nontreatment was statistically modeled adjusting for other therapist and patient factors.

Results:
There were 522 patients and 34 physical therapists with 918 scheduled physical therapy sessions included. The average age of patients was 71 (SD = 16, range = 17-99) and 41 (SD = 7, range 27-54) for therapists. Therapists with higher openness had lower nontreatment, odds ratio 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.87 to 0.99; P = .045.

Conclusions:
The positive effect of physical therapy is minimized when scheduled treatment does not occur. Lower nontreatment is associated with more trait openness. Attributes related to openness (eg, inquisitiveness and problem-solving) should be cultivated. More research is needed to understand nontreatment and guide therapists in hospital patient care.
Weaning the patient: between protocols and physiology
Authors: Haaksma Mark E. , Tuinman Pieter R. , Heunks Leo 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Ventilator weaning forms an integral part in critical care medicine and strategies to shorten duration are rapidly evolving alongside our knowledge of the relevant physiological processes. The purpose of the current review is to discuss new physiological and clinical insights in ventilator weaning that help us to fasten liberation from mechanical ventilation.

Recent findings
Several new concepts have been introduced in the field of ventilator weaning in the past 2 years. Approaches to shorten the time until ventilator liberation include frequent spontaneous breathing trials, early noninvasive mechanical ventilation to shorten invasive ventilation time, novel ventilatory modes, such as neurally adjusted ventilatory assist and drugs to enhance the contractile efficiency of respiratory muscles. Equally important, ultrasound has been shown to be a versatile tool to monitor physiological changes of the cardiorespiratory system during weaning and steer targeted interventions to improve extubation outcome.

Summary
A thorough understanding of the physiological adaptations during withdrawal of positive pressure ventilation is extremely important for clinicians in the ICU. We summarize and discuss novel insights in this field.