bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon‐mediated multiple interactions: Simultaneous induction of rice defense and inhibition of larval performance and insecticide tolerance of Chilo suppressalis by sodium silicate
Authors: Wang Jie , Xue Rongrong , Ju Xueyang , Yan Hui , Gao Zhou , Esmail Abdalla Elzaki Mohammed , Hu Lin , Zeng Rensen , Song Yuanyuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe rice striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis) is one of the most destructive pests of rice plants. Si‐mediated rice defense against various pests has been widely reported, and sodium silicate (SS) has been used as an effective source of silicon for application to plants. However, there is quite limited information about the direct effects of Si application on herbivorous insects. SSB larval performance and their insecticide tolerance were examined after they had been reared either on rice plants cultivated in nutrient solution containing 0.5 and 2.0 mM SS or on artificial diets with 0.1% and 0.5% SS. SS amendment in either rice culture medium or artificial diets significantly suppressed the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S‐transferases, and levels of cytochrome P450 protein in the midgut of C. suppressalis larvae. Larvae fed on diets containing SS showed lower insecticide tolerance. Additionally, RNA‐seq analysis showed that SS‐mediated larval insecticide tolerance was closely associated with fatty acid biosynthesis and pyruvate metabolism pathways. Our results suggest that Si not only enhances plant resistance against insect herbivore, but also impairs the insect's capacity to detoxify the insecticides. This should be considered as another important aspect in Si‐mediated plant–insect interaction and may provide a novel approach of pest management.
Fate of the soil seed bank of giant ragweed and its significance in preventing and controlling its invasion in grasslands
Authors: Dong Hegan , Liu Tong , Liu Zhongquan , Song Zhanli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida, L. henceforth referred to as GR), an annual non‐native invasive weed, may cause health problems and can reduce agricultural productivity. Chemical control of GR in grasslands may have irreversible side effects on herbs and livestock. In an attempt to propose a solution to the harmful effects of GR on grasslands, this study explores the fate of its soil seed bank (SSB) and considers the physical control of its SSB reduction.By studying GR distributed in grasslands of the Yili Valley, Xinjiang, China, we measured the spatial and temporal changes in seed density, seed germination, dormancy, and death. We analyzed seed germination, dormancy, and death following different storage periods. The study analyzed population characteristics over time, including seed fate, and examined physical control methods for reducing the SSB density.The SSB of GR occurs in the upper 0–15 cm of soil in grasslands. Seed density in the SSB decreased by 68.1% to 82.01% from the reproductive growth period to the senescence period. More than 98.7% of the seeds were rotten, eaten, germinated, dispersed, or died within one year after being produced. The seed germination rate of the SSB decreased with the number of years after invasion. When stored for 0.5 or 3.5 years, seed germination rates fell by 40%, during which time seed death rate increased by almost 40%. When GR was completely eradicated for two consecutive years, the SSB and population densities decreased by >99%.The vast majority of GR seeds germinated or died within one year; the germination rate decreased significantly if the seeds were stored dry at room temperature for a long time. Newly produced seeds are the main source of seeds in the SSB. Therefore, thoroughly eradicating GR plants for several years before the seeds can mature provides an effective control method in grasslands.
There's more to Fish than Just Food: Exploring the Diverse Ways that Fish Contribute to Human Society
Authors: Olden Julian D , Vitule Jean R S , Cucherousset Julien , Kennard Mark J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Fish are among the most biodiverse vertebrate groups on the planet, playing vital ecosystem roles, supporting considerable commercial, recreational, and artisanal fisheries, and delivering critical ecosystem goods and services for the world's human population. These intrinsic, ecological, and socioeconomic values of fish are well recognized. Much less widely appreciated are the diverse additional ways that fish have contributed to human societies. Here, we explore the assorted uses of freshwater and marine fishes, both presently and in the past, by focusing on their contributions to manufacturing and industry, technology, health care, tools and weapons, apparel and jewelry, and musical instruments, and as curios, souvenirs, and attractions. The material ways by which people depend on fish have continued to grow and evolve over time, resulting in a much more intricate web of human–fish relationships than is often recognized. By demonstrating the importance of fish across all facets of life, we hope that this exploration leads to greater conservation, sustainable management, and ethical treatment of fish now and into the future.
Formation of Late Cretaceous high‐Mg granitoid porphyry in central Lhasa, Tibet: Implications for crustal thickening prior to India–Asia collision
Authors: Dai Zuo‐Wen , Huang Han‐Xiao , Li Guang‐Ming , Huizenga Jan‐Marten , Santosh M. , Cao Hua‐Wen , Huang Chun‐Mei , Ding Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau is characterized by the largest crustal thickness on Earth, although the timing of formation of the plateau remains debated. In this study, we present in situ laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopes, and whole‐rock geochemical data on porphyritic granitoids of Sebuta in the central Lhasa block. Our zircon U–Pb data indicate that these rocks emplaced at ca. 89 Ma, in the early Late Cretaceous. Geochemically, the Sebuta biotite granite porphyry can be broadly divided into two subtypes, namely metaluminous porphyry and peraluminous porphyry. The metaluminous porphyry has high SiO2, Al2O3, Sr, low Y and Yb contents, and high Sr/Y and LaN/YbN ratios, showing adakitic features. These rocks have high K2O and Th contents, low Ti/Eu and Nd/Sm ratios, indicative of a continental crust affinity. Positive zircon εHf(t) values, along with high Mg#, Cr and Ni, imply that the Sebuta adakitic porphyry was most likely derived from partial melting of a delaminated thickened juvenile lower crust, and that the initial melts interacted with mantle peridotite during ascent. The field features, petrographic characteristics, formation age, ore‐bearing potential, and Hf isotope of the peraluminous porphyry are similar to those of the Sebuta adakitic porphyry, indicating that the peraluminous porphyry was likely formed by contamination with ancient crustal material and fractional crystallization from the same primary adakitic magmas which generated the Sebuta adakitic porphyry. Residual phases of amphibole + plagioclase + garnet + rutile in the source region, together with previous studies, suggest that the crust beneath the central‐northern Lhasa block experienced thickening during the early Late Cretaceous, and had already been thickened to more than 50 km by the Late Cretaceous (ca. 89 Ma).
Relationship between executive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms and impaired instrumental activities of daily living among patients with very mild Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ikezaki Hiroto , Hashimoto Mamoru , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Fukuhara Ryuji , Tanaka Hibiki , Yuki Seiji , Kuribayashi Koichiro , Hotta Maki , Koyama Asuka , Ikeda Manabu , Takebayashi Minoru 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesPatients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) experience a gradual loss in their ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) from the early stage. A better understanding of the possible factors associated with IADL decline is important for the development of effective rehabilitation and support programs for patients with AD. Thus, we examined the relationships between comprehensive cognitive functions and neuropsychiatric symptoms and IADLs in patients with very mild AD.MethodsIn total, 230 outpatients with probable AD were recruited from the Memory Clinic at Kumamoto University Hospital between May 2007 and October 2016. All patients scored ≥21 points on the Mini‐Mental State Examination at the first assessment. Relationships between the subdomains of the Lawton IADL scale and neuropsychological/neuropsychiatric tests were examined by multiple regression analysis. All analyses were performed separately in men and women.ResultsIn female patients, scores on the Frontal Assessment Battery were significantly associated with telephone use ability, shopping, and ability to handle finances. Apathy scores in the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were associated with telephone use ability, housekeeping, responsibility for own medications, and ability to handle finances. NPI agitation scores were associated with food preparation and housekeeping. Geriatric Depression Scale scores were associated with telephone use ability and ability to handle finances. In male patients, only NPI apathy scores were associated with telephone use ability.ConclusionsThese results suggest the importance of properly assessing executive function, depression, and apathy at interventions for impaired IADLs among female patients with very mild AD.
Activation energy and binary chemical reaction on unsteady MHD Williamson nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic micro‐organisms
Authors: De Poulomi , Gorji Mohammad Rahimi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe author presents the influence of Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamics Williamson nanofluid with motile gyrotactic micro‐organisms. The governing equations are converted to coupled ordinary differential equations with similarity transformations and the fifth‐order Runge‐Kutta Fehlberg method and the shooting algorithm is applied to solve these equations using the appropriate boundary conditions. A detailed investigation considering the effects of different physical parameters on the profiles like velocity, temperature, concentration, and density of motile gyrotactic micro‐organisms was done and plotted graphically. It is found that the thermal boundary layer enhances for the chemical reaction rate and the solutal boundary layer increases for activation energy. Furthermore, the nondimensional Williamson parameter reduces for the velocity profile. The author studied the wall temperature gradient of different fluids and found that temperature gradient decreased for the present study. Comparisons of the present result with published work were done to verify the present code.
Hydrogeology of desert springs in the Panamint Range, California,USA: Geologic controls on the geochemical kinetics, flowpaths, and mean residence times of springs
Authors: Gleason Carolyn L. , Frisbee Marty D. , Rademacher Laura K. , Sada Donald W. , Meyers Zachary P. , Knott Jeffrey R. , Hedlund Brian P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOver 180 springs emerge in the Panamint Range near Death Valley National Park, CA, yet, these springs have received very little hydrogeological attention despite their cultural, historical, and ecological importance. Here, we address the following questions: (1) which rock units support groundwater flow to springs in the Panamint Range, (2) what are the geochemical kinetics of these aquifers, and (3) and what are the residence times of these springs? All springs are at least partly supported by recharge in and flow through dolomitic units, namely, the Noonday Dolomite, Kingston Peak Formation, and Johnnie Formation. Thus, the geochemical composition of springs can largely be explained by dedolomitization: the dissolution of dolomite and gypsum with concurrent precipitation of calcite. However, interactions with hydrothermal deposits have likely influenced the geochemical composition of Thorndike Spring, Uppermost Spring, Hanaupah Canyon springs, and Trail Canyon springs. Faults are important controls on spring emergence. Seventeen of twenty‐one sampled springs emerge at faults (13 emerge at low‐angle detachment faults). On the eastern side of the Panamint Range, springs emerge where low‐angle faults intersect nearly vertical Late Proterozoic, Cambrian, and Ordovician sedimentary units. These geologic units are not present on the western side of the Panamint Range. Instead, springs on the west side emerge where low‐angle faults intersect Cenozoic breccias and fanglomerates. Mean residence times of springs range from 33 (±30) to 1,829 (±613) years. A total of 11 springs have relatively short mean residence times less than 500 years, whereas seven springs have mean residence times greater than 1,000 years. We infer that the Panamint Range springs are extremely vulnerable to climate change due to their dependence on local recharge, disconnection from regional groundwater flow (Death Valley Regional Flow System ‐ DVRFS), and relatively short mean residence times as compared with springs that are supported by the DVRFS (e.g., springs in Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge). In fact, four springs were not flowing during this campaign, yet they were flowing in the 1990s and 2000s.
Familial testicular germ cell tumors in two brothers
Authors: Hoshi Senji , Bilim Vladimir , Hoshi Kiyotsugu , Sasagawa Isoji , Otake Kotarou , Chiba Daigo , Suenaga Shinta , Konno Masahito , Katsumata Yuki , Morozumi Kento , Takemoto Jun , Numahata Kenji , Ito Keiichi 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionTwo percent of testicular germ cell tumors occur in family clusters. Here, we report metachronous testicular germ cell tumors in two brothers.Case presentationAn elder brother was diagnosed at the age of 30 years old and the pathological diagnosis was mixed testicular germ cell tumor. A tumor in the younger brother was suspected during testicular self‐examination. It was confirmed by ultrasound examination at the age of 30 years old, 3 years and 6 months after the diagnosis of the testicular tumor in elder brother. The pathological diagnosis was pure seminoma. Both brothers had stage 1 testicular germ cell tumors and no recurrence was observed during the follow‐up period of 4 years and 4 months and 10 months, respectively.ConclusionVarious histological types of tumor can occur in members of one family. Besides genetic predisposition, shared diet, environmental exposure and other factors can contribute to the familial testicular cancer. Testicular self‐examination is recommended for family members of a person with testicular germ cell tumor.
Contributions of Dickkopf‐1 to Obesity‐Induced Bone Loss and Marrow Adiposity
Authors: Colditz Juliane , Picke Ann‐Kristin , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Rauner Martina 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTLow bone strength in overweight individuals is a significant medical problem. One important determinant of mesenchymal stem cell fate into osteoblasts or adipocytes is the Wnt signaling pathway. We recently showed that Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1), a potent Wnt inhibitor, is upregulated in obese mice. In this study, we investigated the role of DKK1 in the pathogenesis of obesity‐induced bone loss using global and tissue‐specific KO mice. Obesity was induced in 8‐week‐old male mice with an inducible global (Rosa26‐CreERT2) or osteoprogenitor‐ (Osx–Cre‐) specific deletion ofDkk1with a high‐fat diet (HFD) containing 60% fat. After 12 weeks, body weight, bone volume, bone fat mass, and bone turnover were assessed.Dkk1fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2mice experienced a similar increase in body weight and white fat pads as control mice. A HFD significantly reduced trabecular bone mass and the bone formation rate in Cre‐ mice andDkk1fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2mice. Interestingly,Dkk1fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2mice were protected from HFD‐induced cortical bone loss. Furthermore, a HFD was associated with increased bone marrow fat in the femur, which was less pronounced inDkk1fl/fl;Rosa26‐CreERT2mice. Mice with an osteoprogenitor‐specificDkk1deletion showed similar results as the global knockout, showing a protection against HFD‐induced cortical bone loss and an accumulation of bone marrow fat, but a similar decrease in trabecular bone volume. In summary, DKK1 appears to contribute distinctly to cortical, but not trabecular bone loss in obesity. © 2020 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Brain-Derived Acetylcholine Maintains Peak Bone Mass in Adult Female Mice
Authors: Ma Yun , Elefteriou Florent 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Preclinical and clinical data support a role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of bone remodeling, but the contribution of parasympathetic arm of the autonomic nervous system to bone homeostasis remains less studied. In this study, we sought to determine whether acetylcholine (ACh) contributes to the regulation of bone remodeling after peak bone mass acquisition. We show that reduced central ACh synthesis in mice heterozygous for the choline transporter (ChT) leads to a decrease in bone mass in young female mice, thus independently confirming the previously reported beneficial effect of ACh signaling on bone mass accrual. Increasing brain ACh levels through the use of the blood brain barrier (BBB)-permeable acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) galantamine increased trabecular bone mass in adult female mice, whereas a peripheral increase in ACh levels induced by the BBB-impermeable AChEI pyridostigmine caused trabecular bone loss. AChEIs did not alter skeletal norepinephrine level, and induced an overall increase in osteoblast and osteoclast densities, two findings that do not support a reduction in sympathetic outflow as the mechanism involved in the pro-anabolic effect of galantamine on the skeleton. In addition, we did not detect changes in the commitment of skeletal progenitor cells to the osteoblast lineage in vivo in AChEI-treated mice, nor a direct impact of these drugs in vitro on the survival and differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclast progenitors. Last, ChT heterozygosity and galantamine treatment triggered bone changes in female mice only, thus revealing the existence of a gender-specific skeletal response to brain ACh level. In conclusion, this study supports the stimulatory effect of central ACh on bone mass accrual, shows that it also promotes peak bone mass maintenance in adult mice, and suggests that central ACh regulates bone mass via different mechanisms in growing versus sexually mature mice. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
MiR‐23b functions as an oncogenic miRNA by downregulating Mcl‐1S in lung cancer cell line A549
Authors: Wang Ling , Hu Zhiyi , Guo Qi , Yang Litao , Pang Yuling , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt has been reported that microRNA‐23b (miR‐23b) plays a role in multiple cancers, while its impact on lung cancer has not been comprehensively known. Our study explored the probable impacts of miR‐23b on lung cancer cells. Expression of miR‐23b was assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. After miR‐23b mimic, inhibitor, and their own control were transfected into A549 cells, cell viability, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) were investigated through different experimental methods. The targeting contact between miR‐23b and myeloid cell leukemia‐1 (Mcl‐1) was investigated applying dual‐luciferase activity assay. In addition, the modulatory impacts of miR‐23b on the splicing variants of Mcl‐1 (Mcl‐1S and Mcl‐1L) were explored. MiR‐23b was highly expressed in lung cancer cells compared with normal lung cells. Increased expression of miR‐23b promoted A549 cell viability, migration, invasion, and EMT. However, miR‐23b silencing produced the opposite results. Mcl‐1 has been proven to be a specialized target of miR‐23b. Compared with the reduction of Mcl‐1S induced by miR‐23b overexpression, Mcl‐1L showed negligible interaction with miR‐23b. Moreover, the antitumor activities of miR‐23b silencing were alleviated by Mcl‐1S silencing. The blockage of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (JAK/STAT) and Wnt/β‐catenin induced by miR‐23b silencing was reversed by Mcl‐1S silencing. MiR‐23b might be an up‐and‐coming biomarker of lung cancer. In addition, miR‐23b was involved in the tumor‐promoting effects and the mobilization of JAK/STAT and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways through the reduction of Mcl‐1S.
MkVsites: A tool for creating GROMACS virtual sites parameters to increase performance in all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Larsson Per , Kneiszl Rosita C. , Marklund Erik G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe absolute performance of any all‐atom molecular dynamics simulation is typically limited by the length of the individual timesteps taken when integrating the equations of motion. In the GROMACS simulation software, it has for a long time been possible to use so‐called virtual sites to increase the length of the timestep, resulting in a large gain of simulation efficiency. Up until now, support for this approach has in practice been limited to the standard 20 amino acids however, shrinking the applicability domain of virtual sites. MkVsites is a set of python tools which provides a convenient way to obtain all parameters necessary to use virtual sites for virtually any molecules in a simulation. Required as input to MkVsites is the molecular topology of the molecule(s) in question, along with a specification of where to find the parent force field. As such, MkVsites can be a very valuable tool suite for anyone who is routinely using GROMACS for the simulation of molecular systems.
Decomposition of spent radioactive ion‐exchange resin using photo‐Fenton process
Authors: Feng Wendong , Wang Yunhai , Li Jian , Gao Kai , An Hongxiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe treatment of spent radioactive ion‐exchange resin is of great importance in reducing total waste volume and minimizing potential environmental hazards. In this study, a comparative investigation of resin decomposition by the Fenton and photo‐Fenton process was performed to address these concerns.RESULTSThe effect of UV energy density and irradiation time on residue chemical oxygen demand (COD) was investigated. With a UV energy density of 6.1 J cm−2 and irradiation time of 120 min, the COD removal ratio reached 97.3%. Under optimized conditions, the residue COD obtained via photo‐Fenton was 47.3% lower than that via Fenton. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ion chromatography (IC) were used to characterize the resin beads and intermediates. Four types of small molecular organic acids were monitored during the reaction. The degradation process of two stages was proposed, involving resin dissolution and mineralization.CONCLUSIONPhoto‐Fenton showed better performance for IRN 77 resin degradation compared to the Fenton process. Both the UV energy density and irradiation time showed significant effects on resin degradation. UV irradiation enhanced the mineralization stage during resin degradation. Oxalic acids showed the highest concentration in all main intermediates. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry