bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing Cognitive Load and Self-regulation Theory: a Theoretical Framework and Research Agenda
Authors: de Bruin Anique B. H. , Roelle Julian , Carpenter Shana K. , Baars Martine ,   EFG-MRE
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn exponential increase in the availability of information over the last two decades has asked for novel theoretical frameworks to examine how students optimally learn under these new learning conditions, given the limitations of human processing ability. In this special issue and in the current editorial introduction, we argue that such a novel theoretical framework should integrate (aspects of) cognitive load theory and self-regulated learning theory. We describe the effort monitoring and regulation (EMR) framework, which outlines how monitoring and regulation of effort are neglected but essential aspects of self-regulated learning. Moreover, the EMR framework emphasizes the importance of optimizing cognitive load during self-regulated learning by reducing the unnecessary load on the primary task or distributing load optimally between the primary learning task and metacognitive aspects of the learning task. Three directions for future research that derive from the EMR framework and that are discussed in this editorial introduction are: (1) How do students monitor effort? (2) How do students regulate effort? and (3) How do we optimize cognitive load during self-regulated learning tasks (during and after the primary task)? Finally, the contributions to the current special issue are introduced.
Electrochemical cell design and impedance spectroscopy of cement hydration
Authors: Sosa Gallardo Aldo F. , Provis John L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the complexity of the chemical and microstructural evolution of cement during hydration remains a controversial subject, and although numerous techniques have been used to assess this process, further insight is still needed. Alternating current impedance spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a sensitive and powerful technique for cement characterisation in both fresh and hardened states; however, it has also shown certain experimental limitations (e.g. data interpretation, electrode, and parasitic effects) that prevent its wider acceptance. This study assesses electrochemical cell design and the impedance response during cement hydration. The results show that a significant decrease in the parasitic effects at high frequencies (caused mainly by leads and electrode effects) can be achieved through an optimal cell design and impedance measurements correction, enabling correlation of impedance measurements to particular aspects of the cement hydration process. However, due the limited solid phase microstructural development and the high conductivity of cement paste at low degrees of hydration, the parasitic effects could not be fully eliminated for fresh or early-age cement pastes.
Microbial production of melanin and its various applications
Authors: Tran-Ly Anh N. , Reyes Carolina , Schwarze Francis W. M. R. , Ribera Javier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMelanins are natural biopolymers that are known to contribute to different biological processes and to protect organisms from adverse environmental conditions. During the past decade, melanins have attracted increasing attention for their use in organic semiconductors and bioelectronics, drug delivery, photoprotection and environmental bioremediation. Although considerable advances in these fields have been achieved, real-world applications of melanins are still scarce, probably due to the limited and expensive source of natural melanin. Nevertheless, recent biotechnological advances have allowed for relatively large-scale production of microbial melanins, which could replace current commercial melanin. In this review, we first describe different melanin sources and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each production method. Our focus is on the microbial synthesis of melanins, including the methodology and mechanism of melanin formation. Applications of microbial melanins are also discussed, and an outlook on how to push the field forward is discussed.
The Post-Pandemic World: between Constitutionalized and Authoritarian Orders – China’s Narrative-Power Play in the Pandemic Era
Authors: Chang Yung-Yung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper aims to address the development of China’s narrative power during the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on world order. It argues that in the post-pandemic world, the emergence of the authoritarian sub-order would be prompted by China’s more proactive narrative power, given that the climate of opinion is ambiguous when faced with the uncertainty of the pandemic. (This does not imply the end of the existing liberal order; instead, it features the coexistence of both orders.) To understand how China’s narrative power has encouraged the emergence of the authoritarian sub-order to coexist in parallel with the dominant constitutional order, the article first reviews the existing literature concerning the changing world order. In this section, it also briefly defines and differentiates between the constitutional and authoritarian orders, what defines world order, and what distinguishes authoritarian from constitutional liberal order. Second it looks at the theoretical grounding. The nature, role and power of narratives are explored. Ideas about strategic narratives and the economics of attention are discussed. This theoretical background paves the way to examine China’s narrative power during a pandemic. Lastly, it switches to the Chinese perspective to address its support for the plurality of orders and its awareness of the strength of narrative in influencing dominant ideas. It looks at how China’s narrative power has been exercised from three perspectives (formation, projection and reception). Here, it mainly tackles how China has used its narrative power to spin the pandemic to its advantage in the reorganization of world order: improving its international image and advocating the authoritarian order as an alternative. China has been building its narrative along with its changing strategic diplomacy – from restrained and low-profile to proactive and assertive. In the conclusion, some reflections on China’s narrative power and the implications for world order are considered.
Risks and complications of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in patients receiving antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant therapy: a retrospective cohort study in a single institute
Authors: Oshima Masashi , Washino Satoshi , Nakamura Yuhki , Konishi Tsuzumi , Saito Kimitoshi , Arai Yoshiaki , Miyagawa Tomoaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of bleeding complications in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) while taking antiplatelet (AP) and/or anticoagulant (AC) agents. We analyzed the data of 334 patients undergoing RARP from May 2015 to May 2019. Patients were categorized into AP, AC, and control groups; the bleeding complications were compared among them. The end points were the estimated blood loss, decrease in hemoglobin level, and bleeding complications. The patient characteristics did not differ significantly among groups, with the exception of ASA scores, which were significantly higher in the AP and AC groups vs. the control group. The estimated blood loss and hemoglobin decrease were not significantly different between the AP and AC groups and the control group. The frequency of bleeding complications did not differ significantly between the AP and the control groups, but was significantly higher in the AC vs. the control group (4.3% in the AP and 23.5% in the AC group vs. 3.7% in the control group;P = 0.63 andP < 0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference in bleeding complications between the AP continuation (continuation of a single AP) and the AP interruption group or between the heparin bridging and the AC interruption group. All bleeding complications observed in the AC group occurred after resuming AC therapy. RARP can be performed safely with continuation of a single AP, and in patients taking ACs by interrupting these agents or via heparin bridging, without increasing intraoperative bleeding, whereas postoperative bleeding complications may increase after resuming ACs.
Non-safety Assessments of Genome-Edited Organisms: Should They be Included in Regulation?
Authors: Myskja Bjørn Kåre , Myhr Anne Ingeborg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article presents and evaluates arguments supporting that an approval procedure for genome-edited organisms for food or feed should include a broad assessment of societal, ethical and environmental concerns; so-called non-safety assessment. The core of analysis is the requirement of the Norwegian Gene Technology Act that the sustainability, ethical and societal impacts of a genetically modified organism should be assessed prior to regulatory approval of the novel products. The article gives an overview how this requirement has been implemented in the regulatory practice, demonstrating that such assessment is feasible and justified. Even in situations where genome-edited organisms are considered comparable to non-modified organisms in terms of risk, the technology may have—in addition to social benefits—negative impacts that warrant assessments of the kind required in the Act. The main reason is the disruptive character of the genome editing technologies due to their potential for novel, ground-breaking solutions in agriculture and aquaculture combined with the economic framework shaped by the patent system. Food is fundamental for a good life, biologically and culturally, which warrants stricter assessment procedures than what is required for other industries, at least in countries like Norway with a strong tradition for national control over agricultural markets and breeding programs.
Enzyme Recovery from Biological Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Liu Ziyi , Smith Stephen R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Enzymes are high value industrial bio-catalysts with extensive applications in a wide range of manufacturing and processing sectors, including the agricultural, food and household care industries. The catalytic efficiency of enzymes can be several orders higher compared to inorganic chemical catalysts under mild conditions. However, the nutrient medium necessary for biomass culture represents a significant cost to industrial enzyme production. Activated sludge (AS) is a waste product of biological wastewater treatment and consists of microbial biomass that degrades organic matter by producing substantial quantities of hydrolytic enzymes. Therefore, enzyme recovery from AS offers an alternative, potentially viable approach to industrial enzyme production. Enzyme extraction from disrupted AS flocs is technically feasible and has been demonstrated at experimental-scale. A critical review of disruption techniques identified sonication as potentially the most effective and suitable method for enzyme extraction, which can be scaled up and is a familiar technology to the water industry. The yields of different enzymes are influenced by wastewater treatment conditions, and particularly the composition, and can also be controlled by feeding sludge with specific target substrates. Nevertheless, hydrolytic enzymes can be effectively extracted directly from waste AS without specific modifications to standard wastewater treatment processes. Purification, concentration and stabilisation/immobilisation techniques can also greatly expand the industrial application and increase the economic value and marketability of enzyme products extracted from AS. Concentrated and purified AS enzymes could readily substitute inorganic and/or commercial bioenzyme catalysts in many industrial applications including, for example, leather processing, and in detergent and animal feed formulation. Enzyme extraction from AS therefore offers significant economic benefits to the Water Industry by recovering valuable resources from wastewater. They can also optimise important waste treatment processes, such as the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge, increasing biogas and renewable energy production. The enzyme-extracted sludge exhibits improved treatment properties, such as increased settleability, dewaterability, and anaerobic digestibility for biogas production, assisting sludge management by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and enabling the further utilisation of the residual sludge.

Graphic Abstract
Reviewing the interface of bioeconomy and ecosystem service research
Authors: D’Amato Dalia , Bartkowski Bartosz , Droste Nils 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe bioeconomy is currently being globally promoted as a sustainability avenue involving several societal actors. While the bioeconomy is broadly about the substitution of fossil resources with bio-based ones, three main (competing or complementary) bioeconomy visions are emerging in scientific literature: resource, biotechnology, and agroecology. The implementation of one or more of these visions into strategies implies changes to land use and thus ecosystem services delivery, with notable trade-offs. This review aims to explore the interdisciplinary space at the interface of these two concepts. We reviewed scientific publications explicitly referring to bioeconomy and ecosystem services in their title, abstract, or keywords, with 45 documents identified as relevant. The literature appeared to be emerging and fragmented but eight themes were discernible (in order of decreasing occurrence frequency in the literature): a. technical and economic feasibility of biomass extraction and use; b. potential and challenges of the bioeconomy; c. frameworks and tools; d. sustainability of bio-based processes, products, and services; e. environmental sustainability of the bioeconomy; f. governance of the bioeconomy; g. biosecurity; h. bioremediation. Approximately half of the documents aligned to a resource vision of the bioeconomy, with emphasis on biomass production. Agroecology and biotechnology visions were less frequently found, but multiple visions generally tended to occur in each document. The discussion highlights gaps in the current research on the topic and argues for communication between the ecosystem services and bioeconomy communities to forward both research areas in the context of sustainability science.
Survey of pedestrian detection with occlusion
Authors: Ning Chen , Menglu Li , Hao Yuan , Xueping Su , Yunhong Li 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPedestrian detection is widely applied in surveillance, autonomous robotic navigation, and automotive safety. However, there are many occlusion problems in real life. This paper summarizes the research progress of pedestrian detection technology with occlusion. First, according to different occlusion, it can be divided into two categories: inter-class occlusion and intra-class occlusion. Second, it summarizes the traditional method and deep learning method to deal with occlusion. Furthermore, the main ideas and core problems of each method model are analyzed and discussed. Finally, the paper gives an outlook on the problems to be solved in the future development of pedestrian detection technology with occlusion.
Numerical modeling of mechanical wave propagation
Authors: Seriani G. , Oliveira S. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe numerical modeling of mechanical waves is currently a fundamental tool for the study and investigation of their propagation in media with heterogeneous physical properties and/or complex geometry, as, in these cases, analytical methods are usually not applicable. These techniques are used in geophysics (geophysical interpretation, subsoil imaging, development of new methods of exploration), seismology (study of earthquakes, regional and global seismology, accurate calculation of synthetic seismograms), in the development of new methods for ultrasonic diagnostics in materials science (non-destructive methods) and medicine (acoustic tomography). In this paper we present a review of numerical methods that have been developed and are currently used. In particular we review the key concepts and pioneering ideas behind finite-difference methods, pseudospectral methods, finite-volume methods, Galerkin continuous and discontinuous finite-element methods (classical or based on spectral interpolation), and still others such as physics-compatible, and multiscale methods. We focus on their formulations in time domain along with the main temporal discretization schemes. We present the theory and implementation for some of these methods. Moreover, their computational characteristics are evaluated in order to aid the choice of the method for each practical situation.
Zur Verwendung eines Konzepts von Innerlichkeit als funktionaler Teil einer Inszenierungsstrategie in den Aufzeichnungen Rudolf Höß’
Authors: Markewitz Friedrich 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungFür den sprachwissenschaftlichen Forschungsdiskurs gilt der Zeitraum zwischen 1933 und 1945 – zumindest auf den Ebenen der Lexik und der Rhetorik und aus nationalsozialistischer Akteursperspektive – als relativ ausgeforscht. Bis heute bestehen aber Leerstellen z. B. in der Analyse des sprachstrategischen Handelns dieser Akteursgruppe. Auch eine Inventarisierung der kommunikativen Strategien von NS-Akteuren liegt nur in Ansätzen vor. Im Rahmen dieser Forschungsdesiderata verortet sich dieser Aufsatz, der einen Beitrag zur Aufarbeitung der von nationalsozialistischen Tätern verwendeten kommunikativen Strategien leisten möchte. Anhand der linguistischen Auswertungen der biographischen Aufzeichnungen des Lagerkommandanten von Auschwitz, Rudolf Höß, soll dessen Selbstinszenierungsstrategie induktiv-texthermeneutisch aufgearbeitet werden. Als interpretativer Zugang wird ein von Höß aufgerufenes Konzept von Innerlichkeit verwendet, auf das er zurückgreift, um sich als ethisch-moralisch handlungsfähigen sowie authentischen Akteur zu inszenieren.
Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution using NaOH-treated rice husk
Authors: Zafar Shagufta , Khan Muhammad Imran , Lashari Mushtaq Hussain , Khraisheh Majeda , Almomani Fares , Mirza Muhammad Latif , Khalid Nasir 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the removal of copper ions (Cu (II)) from aqueous solution using chemically treated rice husk (TRH). The chemical treatment was carried out using NaOH solution and the effect of contact time (tc), adsorbent dosage (Dad), initial Cu (II) concentration ([Cu]i), and temperature (T) on the percentage removals of Cu (II) (%RCu) were investigated. Different analytical techniques (FTIR, SEM, and EDX) were used to confirm the adsorption (ads) of Cu (II) onto the TRH. The ads kinetics was tested against pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models as well as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Treating RH with NaOH altered the surface and functional groups, and on the surface of RH, the ionic ligands with high electro-attraction to Cu increased and thus improved the removal efficiency. The %RCu decreased by increasing the [Cu]i and increased by increasing the ct, Dad, and T. Up to 97% Cu removal was achieved in ct of 30 min using Dad of 0.3 g [Cu]i of 25 mg L−1 and T = 280 K. The ads of Cu on TRH is endothermic, spontaneous, follows Langmuir isotherms, and exhibited a PSO kinetics. Moreover, the TRH was successfully regenerated and used for further adsorption cycles using 1 M HNO3.
Die flexible Endosonographie in der Gastroenterologie: die Entwicklung von der Diagnostik zur Therapie
Authors: Morell B. , The F. O. , Gubler C. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Endosonographie (EUS) in der Gastroenterologie hat sich von der rein diagnostischen Modalität zur vielversprechenden therapeutischen Disziplin gewandelt. Erster Schritt in diese Richtung war das EUS-gesteuerte Entnehmen von Gewebsproben an schwierig zugänglichen Lokalisationen; hier ist die Feinnadelpunktion von Pankreasläsionen an vorderster Stelle zu nennen. Mit dem EUS-gesteuertem Punktieren werden aber auch Gefässe erreicht, sodass Varizen gezielt verödet werden können. Kollektionen nach einer Pankreatitis werden ebenfalls minimal-invasiv angegangen und werden so nach luminal drainiert, statt eine chirurgische Intervention nötig zu machen. Durch das Einbringen von Führungsdrähten über die Hohlnadel sind zudem verschiedene Zugänge der Gallenwege intra- und extrahepatisch möglich, sodass interne Drainagen bei frustraner ERCP (endoskopische retrograde Cholangiopankreatikographie) möglich werden. Durch das Einbringen von speziell konfigurierten beschichteten Stents wiederum werden mit der interventionellen EUS neue Zugänge in Hohlorgane minimal-invasiv als Alternative zu chirurgischen Eingriffen geschaffen. Als Beispiel ist hier die endoskopische Gastroenterostomie bei maligner Magenausgangsstenose zu nennen.
Du papyrus au parchemin: Les origines médiévales de la mémoire archivistique en Europe occidentale
Authors: Internullo Dario 
Published: October 2020

RésumésCet article cherche à reconstruire la transition du papyrus vers le parchemin dans les pratiques documentaires en Europe occidentale, afin de mieux comprendre les lacunes documentaires du haut Moyen Âge et, par conséquent, d’expliquer les distorsions de perspective qu’ont pu entraîner la configuration des sources. Après une tentative d’identification des lieux de production du papyrus utilisé en Europe, l’étude propose une cartographie des usages documentaires du papyrus et du parchemin du vie au xie siècle. La comparaison de ces deux types de données, associée à une analyse qualitative et quantitative, permet de proposer des interprétations du phénomène qui accordent une attention particulière aux échanges économiques à travers la Méditerranée et aux relations entre les royaumes occidentaux, le monde islamique et Byzance pendant cette période. Compte tenu de la fragilité du papyrus par rapport au parchemin, la transition d’un matériau à l’autre – qui a eu lieu en grande partie aux viiie et ixe siècles – a entraîné une plus grande stabilité des archives. Pour la même raison, l’apparition d’une archive en parchemin dans une zone spécifique ne doit pas être considérée a priori comme un signe de croissance économique et culturelle ; au contraire, elle résulte souvent de restrictions économiques.
Patient and clinician experiences of a computerised cognitive battery for use after concussion: a preliminary qualitative study
Authors: Macleod C. , Surgenor L. J. , Levack W. , Hackney J. , Theadom A. , Siegert R. J. , Silverberg N. D. , Snell D. L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:The Cognition Battery of the National Institute of Health (NIH) Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioural Function is a computerised neuropsychological battery recommended for clinical practice, neurological research and clinical trials. We investigated the utility of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) for people with concussion.Methods:In this small qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five adults with concussion who were participating in a larger study using the NIHTB-CB. Three clinician participants and two cultural advisors familiar with the tool were also interviewed. Interview transcripts were analysed using a general thematic approach and qualitative description.Results:Participants described both positive and negative experiences with the NIHTB-CB and using qualitative description, their experiences were organised into three broad themes: (1) using technology for cognitive testing made sense, (2) there were some cultural relevance questions and (3) cognitive testing after concussion could have challenges. They were positive about the computerised format and range of domains assessed for the concussion context but identified the contextual relevance of some content as having potential to impact on performances.Conclusion:This was a small study examining the experiences of a select group of participants, but nevertheless does suggest a need for future research validating the NIHTB-CB for use in different cultural and clinical contexts.