bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating host plant association, calling activity, and sexual dimorphism in Indian Gryllacropsis sp. (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae)
Authors: Tomar Manisha , Diwakar Swati 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBoth sexes of Indian weta Gryllacropsis sp. communicate acoustically. Females lack an external ovipositor making it difficult to differentiate between the sexes in the field. There is limited ecological information on the species as it is found high up on the trunks of evergreen trees, well camouflaged, and active only at night. The present study was conducted to gain ecological information on this little known yet intriguing species. We tested the hypotheses that (a) calling activity of Indian weta is uniformly distributed throughout the year and (b) there is no difference in morphometric measurements between the sexes. The study was conducted in Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary and Mollem National Park, Goa, India. Visual scanning of tree trunks followed by vegetation sampling, psychoacoustic sampling, and morphometric analyses was carried out. Resource selection function values, obtained for a total of 52 tree species from 1984 individuals, were less than 0.1 for all plant species indicating no preference by the wetas. Peak calling activity was observed in the month of November (Rayleigh's test, Z = 7.90, p < .01). Discriminant function analysis on morphometric characters of males and females (Wilk's λ = 0.32 approx. F (4, 21) = 11.24 p < .0001, classification accuracy = 96.15%) provided clear distinction between males and females. Contribution of body weight was significant (standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients = +1) and could be used for identification of sexes in the field. These polyphagous insects provide insights on understanding ecological specialization due to host plant association, signal evolution, and mating behavior.
Increasing effects of chronic nutrient enrichment on plant diversity loss and ecosystem productivity over time
Authors: Seabloom Eric W. , Adler Peter B. , Alberti Juan , Biederman Lori , Buckley Yvonne M. , Cadotte Marc W. , Collins Scott L. , Dee Laura , Fay Philip A. , Firn Jennifer , Hagenah Nicole , Harpole W. Stanley , Hautier Yann , Hector Andy , Hobbie Sarah E. , Isbell Forest , Knops Johannes M. H. , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Laungani Ramesh , MacDougall Andrew , McCulley Rebecca L. , Moore Joslin L. , Morgan John W. , Ohlert Timothy , Prober Suzanne M. , Risch Anita C. , Schuetz Martin , Stevens Carly J. , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman activities are enriching many of Earth’s ecosystems with biologically limiting mineral nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In grasslands, this enrichment generally reduces plant diversity and increases productivity. The widely demonstrated positive effect of diversity on productivity suggests a potential negative feedback, whereby nutrient‐induced declines in diversity reduce the initial gains in productivity arising from nutrient enrichment. In addition, plant productivity and diversity can be inhibited by accumulations of dead biomass, which may be altered by nutrient enrichment. Over longer time frames, nutrient addition may increase soil fertility by increasing soil organic matter and nutrient pools. We examined the effects of 5–11 yr of nutrient addition at 47 grasslands in 12 countries. Nutrient enrichment increased aboveground live biomass and reduced plant diversity at nearly all sites, and these effects became stronger over time. We did not find evidence that nutrient‐induced losses of diversity reduced the positive effects of nutrients on biomass; however, nutrient effects on live biomass increased more slowly at sites where litter was also increasing, regardless of plant diversity. This work suggests that short‐term experiments may underestimate the long‐term nutrient enrichment effects on global grassland ecosystems.
Theory for hierarchical assembly with dielectrophoresis and the role of particle anisotropy
Authors: Cao Wenhan , Brown Keith A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNonuniform electric fields cause polarizable particles to move through an effect known as dielectrophoresis (DEP). Additionally, the particles themselves create nonuniform fields due to their induced dipoles. When the nonuniform field of one particle causes another to move, it represents a path to hierarchical assembly termed mutual DEP (mDEP). Anisotropic particles potentially provide further opportunities for assembly through intense and intricate local field profiles. Here, we construct a theoretical framework for describing anisotropic particles as templates for assembly through mDEP by considering the motion of small nanoparticles near larger anisotropic nanoparticles. Using finite element analysis, we study eight particle shapes and compute their field enhancement and polarizability in an orientation‐specific manner. Strikingly, we find a more than tenfold enhancement in the field near certain particle shapes, potentially promoting mDEP. To more directly relate the field intensity to the anticipated assembly outcome, we compute the volume experiencing each field enhancement versus particle shape and orientation. Finally, we provide a framework for predicting how mixtures of two distinct particle species will begin to assemble in a manner that allows for the identification of conditions that kinetically bias assembly toward specific hierarchical outcomes.
Idursulfase pharmacokinetics, cellular uptake, and pharmacodynamics: Effect of sialylation and manufacturing process
Authors: Garcia Antony R. , Lamsa Justin , Whiteman David A. H. , Muenzer Joseph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecombinant iduronate‐2‐sulfatase (idursulfase) is available for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II). The effectiveness of this glycoprotein may depend on post‐translational modifications such as glycosylation and sialylation during manufacture. We assessed the effects of sialylation level and the scale‐up of idursulfase production on the pharmacokinetics, cellular uptake and pharmacodynamics of idursulfase in Sprague Dawley rats and mice (knock‐out model of MPS II and wild type). Serum clearance in rats decreased with an increase in idursulfase sialylation, from 2.23 mL/min/kg with 7.4 mol sialic acid (SA)/mol idursulfase to 0.57 mL/min/kg with 16.9 mol SA/mol idursulfase. In mice, 31%‐52% of the infused idursulfase dose was detected in the liver. The idursulfase uptake into the liver was not affected by sialylation, but high sialylation led to lower uptake in the spleen and greater uptake in the kidney and heart in both wild‐type and MPS II mice. The pharmacodynamics study revealed a greater reduction of glycosaminoglycan levels with high idursulfase sialylation in the kidney, which reflects the higher idursulfase uptake into this organ with higher sialylation. There was no effect of manufacturing process on any idursulfase characteristic, suggesting that production scale‐up would have no impact on clinical effectiveness.
High resolution beam switch antenna based on modified CRLH Butler matrix
Authors: Karimian Reza , Dashti Ardakani Mansoor , Ahmadi Shahrokh , Zaghloul Mona 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new beam switch antenna based on a composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) Butler matrix is presented and experimentally validated. The CRLH transmission line (TL) is proposed to increase the number of beams. The proposed CRLH TL has more than 100° phase difference using variable bias voltages. Different combinations of phase shifts are achieved by applying different bias voltages between 0 and 8 V. The CRLH TL is added to the conventional Butler matrix to increase the progressive phase difference between adjacent ports, and consequently, the beam pattern. A 5° beam resolution within a spatial range of 100° is achieved. The measurement results are in good agreement with the simulations.
Process modelling and thermodynamic performance optimization of mixed Indian lignocellulosic waste co‐gasification
Authors: Pati Soumitra , De Sudipta , Chowdhury Ranjana 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBio‐syngas derived from lignocellulosic biomass (LB) has emerged as a potential precursor gas to be converted to liquid fuels. The quality of syngas with respect to the concentrations of CO, H2 and CO2 is, however, dependent on the elemental analysis of the LB and the variables like equivalence ratio, gasification temperature. The generation of tar and ash from the gasification process is also influenced by the proximate analysis of the LBs. In this study, steady state process simulation of co‐gasification of mixed Indian LBs has been developed through Aspen plus using non‐equilibrium model based on reaction kinetics. Formation of char and tar has also been incorporated in the model. The composition of syngas, obtained through Aspen plus simulation of co‐gasification has been successfully compared with literature data. The ratio between individual agro wastes in the LB mixture is another input variable in the co‐gasification model. Finally, response surface methodology has been used to optimise the energy and exergy efficiency of the co‐gasification process with respect to equivalence ratio, gasification temperature and ratio of high and low ash LBs. It has been found that the combination of 750°C temperature, 0.2 biomass ratio and 0.2 equivalence ratio gives the optimum energy efficiency and combination of 750°C temperature, 0.8 biomass ratio and 0.5 equivalence ratio gives maximum exergy efficiency.
Phytohormonal Roles in Plant Responses to Heavy Metal Stress: Implications for Using Macrophytes in Phytoremediation of Aquatic Ecosystems
Authors: Nguyen Thien Q. , Sesin Verena , Kisiala Anna , Emery R.J. Neil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Heavy metals can represent a threat to the health of aquatic ecosystems. Unlike organic chemicals, heavy metals cannot be eliminated by natural processes such as their degradation into less toxic compounds, and this creates unique challenges for their remediation from soil, water, and air. Phytoremediation, defined as the use of plants for the removal of environmental contaminants, has many benefits compared to other pollution-reducing methods. Phytoremediation is simple, efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly because it can be carried out at the polluted site, which simplifies logistics and minimizes exposure to humans and wildlife. Macrophytes represent a unique tool to remediate diverse environmental media because they can accumulate heavy metals from contaminated sediment via roots, from water via submerged leaves, and from air via emergent shoots. In this review, a synopsis is presented about how plants, especially macrophytes, respond to heavy metal stress; and we propose potential roles that phytohormones can play in the alleviation of metal toxicity in the aquatic environment. We focus on the uptake, translocation, and accumulation mechanisms of heavy metals in organs of macrophytes and give examples of how phytohormones interact with plant defense systems under heavy metal exposure. We advocate for a more in-depth understanding of these processes to inform more effective metal remediation techniques from metal-polluted water bodies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:7–22. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Heavy metal absorption, translocation, and accumulation within organs of aquatic plants and the changes in phytohormone signaling in response to heavy metal exposure. ABA = abscisic acid; BR = brassinosteroid; CK = cytokinin; ETH = ethylene; GA = gibberellin; JA = jasmonic acid; PA = polyamine; SA = salicylic acid.
Does financial inclusion enhance economic growth? Empirical evidence from the IsDB member countries
Authors: Ali Minhaj , Hashmi Shujahat H. , Nazir Muhammad R. , Bilal Ahmer , Nazir Muhammad I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis innovative study examines the effect of financial inclusion measured by financial inclusion index (FII) on the economic growth of the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) member countries. The data were collected on different elements of financial inclusion and economic growth for the period 2000–2016. To draw multi‐dimensional results, we have set up the panel data for 45 countries, and we estimated the generalized method of moments (GMM), two‐stage least squares (2SLS), panel vector autoregressive (VAR) and panel Granger causality tests. Based on the results of dynamic panel estimations, we find that FII has a positive effect on economic growth. The findings of Granger causality analysis reveals a bi‐directional causality of FII indicators with economic growth and a unidirectional causality between the FII and economic growth. Therefore, it suggests that the financial inclusion index has a positive effect on the economic growth in IsDB member countries. These findings recommend that the policymakers should consider financial inclusion as a driver of the economic growth in the long run. The empirical findings have useful policy insights for the IsDB member countries.
Paradoxical embolic strokes in a liver transplant recipient with atrial septal defect undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange
Authors: Rodgers Shannon A. , Suneja Aarushi , Yoshida Atsushi , Abouljoud Marwan S. , Otrock Zaher K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a technique used to separate blood components into layers based on their density difference, thus removing plasma and exchanging it with replacement fluids. A variety of adverse reactions has been described during TPE. Thrombotic events, especially strokes, are extremely rare complications of TPE. Our patient was a 55‐year‐old female with history of decompensated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) liver cirrhosis. She underwent an orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) that was complicated with asystole during reperfusion. Cardiac workup revealed a new atrial septal defect (ASD) with left to right flow. Within the first 5 days after surgery, she developed refractory and persistent hyperbilirubinemia, with total bilirubin levels as high as 42 mg/dL. Our plasmapheresis service was consulted to initiate TPE. Towards the end of the first and only session of TPE, the patient developed hypoxia and left‐sided hemiplegia. Stroke response was initiated, and the patient was intubated. MRI done 24 hours after the incident showed multiple acute small embolic infarcts scattered within the bilateral cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. Bilateral lower and upper extremities venous duplex studies were positive for acute left internal jugular (IJ) vein thrombosis. Patient was treated with anticoagulation and the IJ catheter was removed. Patient also had closure of her ASD. On last follow up, she was doing well with complete reversal of neurologic deficits and stable liver function. Our patient had an uncommon complication of TPE. Her thrombosis manifested with multiple embolic strokes that would not have happened without an ASD with left to right flow.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy can be indicated for elderly patients: risk prediction using the estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress (E‐PASS) system
Authors: Yamashita Mampei , Adachi Tomohiko , Ono Shinichiro , Matsumura Naomi , Adachi Toshiyuki , Natsuda Koji , Hidaka Masaaki , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPancreaticobiliary malignant diseases are primarily treated by surgical resection. However, the surgical indications for elderly patients, especially for pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), must be carefully considered due to patient compliance. Whether PD can contribute to better prognoses in elderly patients remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the complications, compliance, and survival of elderly and non‐elderly patients who underwent PD in our department.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 282 patients who underwent PD from 2000 to 2017 and divided them into non‐elderly (aged ≤ 79 years, n = 238) and elderly (aged ≥ 80 years, n = 44) groups. The estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress (E‐PASS) system was used to evaluate morbidity and mortality using preoperative risk score (PRS), surgical stress score (SSS), and comprehensive risk score (CRS).ResultsPreoperative risk score was higher in the elderly group than in the non‐elderly group, although SSS and CRS were similar. No significant differences were detected in the occurrence of postoperative complications. In the elderly group, CRS was higher in patients with complications than in those without. Long‐term outcomes evaluated by overall and disease‐specific survival were not significantly different.ConclusionsIn the elderly patients, E‐PASS especially CRS can predict the occurrence of complications. The safety and prognoses of elderly patients after PD are comparable with those of non‐elderly patients.
Bis(aldehydes): Versatile precursors for novel bis(14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes), bis(pyrano[3,2‐c:5,6‐c']dichromenedione), and bis(dihydrobenzo[a]xanthenones) via multicomponent reactions
Authors: Darweesh Ahmed F. , Salama Soad K. , Abdelhamid Ismail A. , Elwahy Ahmed H. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA synthesis of novel bis(4‐(14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes) and bis(dihydro‐8H‐benzo[a]xanthenones) was performed in good yields via pseudo‐multicomponent, or multicomponent reactions, of bis‐aldehydes with four equivalents of β‐naphthol or with a mixture of two equivalents of each β‐naphthol and dimedone in the presence of a catalytic amount of p‐toluenesulfonic acid. Bis(pyrano[3,2‐c:5,6‐c′]dichromenediones) or tetrakis(4‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones) could also be obtained in good yields through pseudo‐multicomponent reactions of bis(aldehydes) with four molar ratio of 4‐hydroxycoumarin.
Quantitative whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging in children with Pompe disease: Clinical tools to evaluate severity of muscle disease
Authors: Fernandes Samuela A. , Khan Aleena A. , Boggs Tracy , Bowling Michael , Austin Stephanie , Stefanescu Mihaela , Case Laura , Kishnani Priya S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveSince the introduction of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with alglucosidase alfa, there has been increased survival in patients with Pompe disease. It is essential to characterize and quantify the burden of disease in these patients. Here, we report a measure of muscle fat infiltration in children with infantile and pediatric late‐onset Pompe disease (IPD and LOPD, respectively) to better understand the extent of muscle involvement.MethodsEleven pediatric patients with Pompe disease (five IPD, six LOPD), ages 7‐17 years, received whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI), muscle strength testing using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, functional assessment using gait, stairs, gowers, chair (GSGC), and urine glucose tetrasaccharide (Glc4) testing. The intramuscular fat seen on WBMRI was quantified using proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and correlated to appropriate muscle strength and functional tests, and urine Glc4.ResultsPatients with IPD, although younger, had higher mean PDFF values than LOPD patients (11.61% vs 8.52%). Significant correlation existed between PDFF and the GSGC assessment (r = .9273, P = .0003). Moderate correlation existed between PDFF and mMRC (r = −.667, P = .0831), and PDFF and urine Glc4 (r = .6121, P = .0667). Anterior tibialis was in the top quartile of muscle involvement for patients with LOPD.ConclusionIn the past, physical therapy assessments alone have been used to track disease progression. Here, we show the clinical utility of WBMRI in quantifying muscle involvement in children with Pompe disease, especially regarding the novel involvement of anterior tibialis in children with LOPD, to better assess baseline muscle burden and mapping disease progression in children treated with ERT.
Postembryonic development and differentiation of the midgut in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda) larvae
Authors: Sonakowska‐Czajka Lidia , Śróbka Joanna , Ostróżka Anna , Rost‐Roszkowska Magdalena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNeocaridina davidi is a freshwater shrimp that originates from Taiwan and is commonly bred all over the word. Like all decapods, which develop indirectly, this species has pelagic larvae that may differ entirely in their morphology and habits from adult specimens. To fill a gap of knowledge about the developmental biology of freshwater shrimps we decided to document the 3D‐localization of the midgut inside the body cavity of larval stages of N. davidi using X‐ray microtomography, and to describe all structural and ultrastructural changes of the midgut epithelium (intestine and hepatopancreas) which occur during postembryonic development of N. davidi using light and transmission electron microscopy. We laid emphasis on stem cell functioning and cell death processes connected with differentiation. Our study revealed that while the intestine in both larval stages of N. davidi has the form of a fully developed organ, which resembles that of adult specimens, the hepatopancreas undergoes elongation and differentiation. E‐cells, which are midgut stem cells, due to their proliferation and differentiation are responsible for the above‐mentioned processes. Our study revealed that apoptosis is a common process in both larval stages of N. davidi in the intestine and proximal region of the hepatopancreas. In zoea III, autophagy as a survival factor is activated in order to protect cells against their death. However, when there are too many autophagic structures in epithelial cells, necrosis as passive cell death is activated. The presence of all types of cell death in the midgut in the zoea III stage confirms that this part of the digestive tract is fully developed and functional. Here, we present the first description of apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis in the digestive system of larval stages of Malacostraca and present the first description of their hepatopancreas elongation and differentiation due to midgut stem cell functioning.