bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overweight and Obesity Among People Living With HIV on Dolutegravir‐ and Efavirenz‐Based Therapies: A Comparative Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jemal Mohammed , Adugna Adane , Getinet Mamaru , Baylie Temesgen , Waritu Nuredin Chura 
Published: December 2024

Background: Overweight and obesity have arisen as major public health challenges, affecting not just the general population but also people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). Obesity and being overweight are both risk factors for heart disease and other related complications. However, little is known in our setting. As a result, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its associated factors among PLWH on dolutegravir (DTG)‐ and efavirenz (EFV)‐based therapies.Methods: An institution‐based comparative cross‐sectional study was carried out from June 30, 2021, to August 30, 2021. We purposively recruited 128 participants who have been on DTG (n = 64)‐ and EFV (n = 64)‐based regimens for ≥ 6 months. Demographic, anthropometric, laboratory, and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were entered into EpiData Version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS Version 26.0. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to identify the factors that are associated with being overweight or obese, and the significance level was set at p < 0.05.Result: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 28.1% in the DTG‐prescribed participants and 15.6% in the EFV‐prescribed participants. Age ≥ 40 years (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 3.86; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–13.73; and p = 0.037), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T‐cell counts ≥ 500 cells/mm3 (AOR = 2.95; 95% CI: 1.01–8.59; and p = 0.029), and insufficient physical activity (AOR = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.53–13.84; and p = 0.007) were predictors of overweight and obesity.Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are not uncommon among PLWH on ART. While the difference was statistically insignificant, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in patients treated with DTG compared with those treated with EFV. Older age, higher CD4 cell counts, and insufficient physical activity were associated with overweight and obesity. As a result, healthcare providers must understand the health implications of obesity and consider incorporating targeted weight control programs into standard HIV treatment.
Histological Features of Delayed Foreign Body Granuloma With Epithelioid Histiocyte Aggregation and Eosinophilic Reaction due to Hyaluronic Acid Injection
Authors: Nishimura Michiko , Sakamoto Shinnichi , Hoshino Miyako , Miyazaki Yuji , Yamamoto Junichiro , Sakashita Hideaki , Kusama Kaoru , Kikuchi Kentaro 
Published: December 2024

Background: Dermal fillers such as hyaluronic acid (HA) have been widely used in recent years as a less surgically invasive cosmetic treatment. Although delayed foreign body granuloma may occur as a rare adverse reaction after the procedure, detailed histological reports are still limited. When occurring on the buccal mucosa of the oral cavity, the histopathology may resemble some lesions of minor salivary gland origin due to the material properties of HA. Here we report a delayed foreign body granuloma associated with HA showing eosinophilic infiltration of the buccal mucosa, with characteristic histological and immunohistological features.Case Presentation: A 61‐year‐old woman presented with swelling and a burning sensation in the right buccal mucosa. On initial examination, a 25 × 20‐mm mass was palpated on the anterior margin of the right masseter muscle. Examination of a biopsy specimen revealed multiple pseudoduct‐like structures containing mucoid substance within the mucosal lamina propria. The mucoid substance was positively stained with Alcian blue (AB) and surrounded by CD68‐positive epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells. Many histiocytes had infiltrated into the surrounding area, and numerous eosinophilic infiltrates were also evident. After a review of the patient’s history, a diagnosis of delayed foreign body granuloma associated with HA injection was made.Conclusion: We have reported a case of delayed foreign body granuloma with eosinophilic and histiocytic infiltration following injection of HA. It was suggested that the marked eosinophilic infiltration around macrophages was due to not only an allergic reaction, but also in part to increased macrophage aggregation.
Efficacy of Scapular Functional and Cervical Isometric Exercises in the Management of Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized Comparative Trial
Authors: Bharti Nasrin , Ahmed Hashim , Hasan Shahnaz , Iqbal Amir , Uddin Shadab , Ahamed Waseem M. , Ahmad Fuzail , Mujtaba Md. Ali , Alghadir Ahmad H. 
Published: December 2024

Background: The global rise in work‐related musculoskeletal ailments has led to issues like neck discomfort, scapular muscle dysfunction, reduced neck mobility, and functional limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of scapular functional exercises (SFE) and cervical isometric exercises (CIE) on pain, cervical range of motion (CROM), and functional limitations in individuals with chronic mechanical neck pain (CMNP).Methods: A two‐arm, parallel group pretest‐post‐test randomized comparative trial was conducted. Thirty participants (21 females, 9 males; average age 28.94 ± 3.77 years) were randomly divided into two groups, 1 and 2 (n = 15/group). Both groups received common treatments of CIE and hot packs, while Group 1 was given SFE additionally. To assess the outcomes, which included pain, cervical range of motion (CROM), and functional limitations, measurements were taken using a numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), a standard universal goniometer, and a neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire at the beginning of the study and 4 weeks after the interventions. A one‐way multivariate followed by univariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA and ANCOVA) was applied to examine the outcomes disparities within‐group and between‐group, with a significance level at 95% (i.e., p < 0.05).Results: MANCOVA analysis revealed a significant impact of interventions on CROM in all directions, NPRS, and NDI scores, even after adjusting for initial scores (F (8, 13) = 90.1; p = 0.001). Univariate ANCOVA showed significant improvements in outcomes for Group 1 compared to Group 2.Conclusions: Adding SFE to CIE and conventional physiotherapy was more effective than just using CIE and conventional physiotherapy alone. This approach better alleviated neck pain, improved CROM (particularly in forward and left‐side flexion), and reduced functional limitations in individuals with CMNP.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05624021.
China’s Diaspora Policy Implications for Overseas Chinese in Peru and Argentina
Authors: Lau Nifta , Denardi Luciana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As a form of ‘transnationalism from above’—that is, promoted by the state—diaspora strategies and policies have become a topic of interest for the Chinese state and academics alike over the past two decades. Although different aspects of the Chinese diaspora have been addressed, we seek to contribute to this field of study by exploring the ways in which the policies of the country of origin are experienced by, and concern the actions and subjectivities of, members of the Chinese overseas communities. We analyse the characteristics, evolution and reception of the PRC’s governance over its diaspora in Lima, Peru and Buenos Aires, Argentina. We complement this with a social anthropological analysis to describe the moral categories by which the members of the Chinese diaspora define themselves. We round off with some words about the repercussions of the PRC’s diaspora policy on the associations and the subjectivities of Chinese migrants and their descendants in these two Latin American countries.
Intersections of Religion and Climate-Related Security Risks
Authors: Tarusarira Joram , Scartozzi Cesare M. , Elnur Rawie Ibrahim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study explored the significance of religion in the climate security discussion. Despite being extensively explored in conflict studies, the role of religion in climate security discourse is still largely overlooked. This is surprising, given that it significantly impacts decision-making during crises. The intersection of climate change and religious beliefs and diversity exacerbates conflicts across Africa. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of religion in shaping responses to climate-induced security risks, yet it is often sidelined in climate security discourse. Through a systematic literature review, this study identifies gaps and proposes future research directions. The findings underscore the peripheral role of religion in climate security literature and the lack of interdisciplinary coherence. By recognizing the multifaceted role of religion in crises, this study aims to provide crucial insights into the complex dynamics of the religion-climate-climate security nexus.
Niche dynamics and climate change sensitivity in western Palearctic Zamenis ratsnakes (Reptilia: Colubridae)
Authors: Vaissi Somaye , Kürşat Şahin Mehmet , Kurnaz Muammer 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Climate change poses a significant threat to ectothermic, dispersal-limited reptiles such as Zamenis snakes in the western Palearctic. This study used ensemble ecological models to assess the potential distribution of six Zamenis species under climate change scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). In addition, we examined niche dynamics through overlap, equivalency, and similarity analyses. Results reveal distinct ecological niches for each species, primarily influenced by temperature and precipitation. Projected distribution shifts vary across species, with some species like Z. persicus and Z. situla showing potential for range expansion, while others such as Z. lineatus and Z. scalaris face significant habitat loss. Z. hohenackeri and Z. longissimus exhibit complex patterns of both expansion and contraction. Niche analyses indicate varying degrees of overlap among species, with a trend toward niche conservatism. This study underscores the importance of niche ecology in understanding climate change impacts and highlights the need for species-specific conservation strategies.
Effectiveness of camera traps for maximizing the detection of different species of large and medium-sized mammals: effect of the climatic, environmental, and seasonal conditions
Authors: Espartosa Elisa , Vivas Ilad , Barja Isabel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although most mammals live in terrestrial environments, it is difficult to see them in the wild. However, there is a wide variety of techniques for their detection. Currently, camera trapping is the most widely used non-invasive detection technique for terrestrial mammals. Thus, we used this methodology to determine the optimal variables to carry out assessments of mammals by camera trapping in the wild. Therefore, we placed 20 camera traps in Os Montes do Invernadeiro Natural Park (Ourense, Galicia) between 2016 and 2020, resulting in 8044 records, including photographs and videos. We found significant differences in the frequency of records across categories of season, period, lunar cycle, location, habitat and sex. Atmospheric temperature, location, and period were the most influential variables in correlating detection events for different species. A generalized linear model (GLM) analysis revealed a higher number of records in deciduous and pine forests, during summer and autumn, and on nights of waxing and waning moon that holds for both predators, such as Iberian wolf, red fox, pine marten and European wildcat, and prey, such as red deer, wild boar, European roe deer and Iberian hare. Predators were observed more frequently at crossroads, whereas prey tended to avoid these areas. However, it can be stated that there are optimal climatic, such as the temperature, environmental, such as the habitat, and seasonal conditions to carry out camera trapping studies on mammal species. Altogether, understanding the optimal conditions for camera trapping of different mammal species could ultimately reduce the sampling effort.
6. Occupational Therapy
Authors: Smith Justin 
Published: December 2024

With the end of the war in Europe, the principal task of ANCXF became the management of German naval disarmament, alongside its ongoing logistical oversight of the liberated ports whose repair and re-opening were vital to the supply lines of the Allied forces amassed in Europe. Their move from France into Germany, on 15 June 1945, marked the transition from liberation to occupation. It also changed the nature of the Wrens’ work somewhat, and their social and cultural lives considerably.
Minden, in Westphalia, became the site of Admiral Burrough’s (Ramsay’s replacement as ANCXF) headquarters in Germany. The reports of Joan Prior and her fellow Wrens on the bomb damage, hunger and destitution throughout Holland and Germany brought home for the first time the scale of the ravages of war and its bitter legacy. At first, their base compound was heavily guarded and strict orders were issued forbidding fraternisation with locals. Later there is more freedom and opportunity to explore, locally and regionally. Joan is as fascinated with the scenic route to attend a court martial in Plӧn as she is with the celebrated landscape of the Harz Mountains on a short break with her close companion Ginge. And having left behind the convenient pleasures of Paris, Brussels becomes the next best thing. If greater freedom to travel as ‘tourists’ was one development of this strange post-conflict occupation, another was the semi-official encouragement for Wrens to provide entertainment (at the very least as dance partners) for the locally-stationed allied troops - ‘something for the boys’ as Joan writes home. Although there was no let-up in the pressure of their work, from the typing pool to the camp swimming pool this was, by then, war work of a very different kind.
As VJ-Day gave occasion for the historic Naval order to ‘Splice the Mainbrace’, and war was finally over, Joan Prior’s attentions, like those of her fellow Wrens, turned to demobilisation and post-war careers. The book concludes with reflections on these Wrens’ contributions to narratives about women’s war work and play. It considers the legacy of the experiences of the ordinary women who became ‘Ramsay’s Wrens’, and thus contributed so much to the extraordinary events of the liberation of Europe, from conception to conclusion.
Interventions targeting work-related skills in adults with autism spectrum disorders: A comprehensive literature review
Authors: Yarrow Emily , Tereshko Lisa M. , Weiss Mary Jane , Gerhardt Peter , Magrauth Megan 
Published: December 2024

Background Although the population of individuals with autism aging into adulthood continues to rise, the rate of employment remains exceptionally low. While adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience several social, communicative, or behavioral impairments that hinder their ability to obtain or maintain jobs, several interventions have been helpful in work-related skill acquisition. Objective This systematic literature review focuses on strategies that improve numerous employment skills for adults diagnosed with ASD. Methods A systematic literature review using the PRISMA guidelines identified a total of 44 articles that met inclusion criteria to analyze across several dimensions (participant characteristics, skills targeted, measurement systems, settings, interventions, experimental designs, and outcome/maintenance). Results Many empirical practices were implemented and demonstrated an impact on the development of work-related skills in adults with ASD. Each study demonstrated an increase in work-related skills, with 63.6% of studies reporting changes in performance that were maintained after completion of the intervention, and/or led to paid employment positions at the end of the study. Conclusion The review clearly indicates that behavior analytic supports in the workplace hold promise to further improve employment and quality of life outcomes for adults with ASD.
Evaluation of Response to Weight-based Dosing Strategies of Continuous, Fixed-Rate Atracurium Infusions in Critically Ill, Obese Adults With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Patel Krishn S. , Sacha Gretchen L. , Torbic Heather , Bass Stephanie , Wang Lu , Duggal Abhijit , Rudoni Michael A. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Fixed-rate infusions of weight-based neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) were adopted during the COVID pandemic to limit caregiver exposure during titrations. Although fixed-rate infusions are supported in studies of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the optimal scalar for weight-based NMBAs in patients with obesity remains controversial. Objective: This study sought to compare change in oxygenation using two weight-based dosing strategies for atracurium in obese patients with ARDS. Secondary outcomes included total atracurium dose, mortality, and intensive care unit (ICU) and ventilator-free days. Methods: Following an institutional practice update to use ideal body weight (IBW) for patients with obesity, we retrospectively compared adults (≥18 years) with ARDS and a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 who received atracurium (15 µg/kg/min) based on actual body weight (ABW) with those using IBW. The primary outcome was change in PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F) 48 hours after atracurium initiation. Analysis-of-covariance compared change in P/F between groups after adjustment for confounders. Results: The IBW group ( n = 123), compared with the ABW group ( n = 133), had lower baseline P/F (85.0 [71.0, 118.3] vs 93.3 [76.0, 128.3], P = 0.025) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (9.7 ± 2.6 vs 10.5 ± 2.6, P = 0.015), with greater use of steroids (96% vs 89%, P = 0.032) and prone positioning (72% vs 58%, P = 0.015). No difference was detected in change in P/F at 48 hours (adjusted least squares mean [95% confidence interval, CI]: 55.8 [37.0, 74.5] vs 56.9 [39.6, 74.1], P = 0.90). Atracurium doses were higher in the ABW group (97.4 mg/h [84.4, 110.3] vs 55.4 [47.2, 65.7], P < 0.001). There was no difference in hospital mortality, ICU mortality, and ICU-free days or ventilator-free days. Conclusion and Relevance: In patients with obesity with ARDS receiving fixed-rate atracurium infusions, the change in P/F at 48 hours did not differ based on weight. Atracurium dosed on IBW may use less total drug without compromising ability to improve oxygenation. This is the first study comparing the dosing weight used for continuous infusion atracurium in hospitalized, critically ill ARDS patients with obesity. Additional studies are warranted to optimize dosing in obese patients.
Cognitive function and its longitudinal predictability by intensity of physical activity in Chinese middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Temesgen Worku Animaw , Cheng Ho Yu , Chong Yuen Yu 
Published: December 2024

Background The aging population faces several health problems, including cognitive decline that can progress to Alzheimer's disease. Regular physical activity is widely recognized for its extensive benefits, including physical and mental health improvements especially for older adults. Objective This study aimed to examine the prediction of physical activity intensities on cognitive function of older adults. Methods Data from 8 years prospective survey among Chinese population aged 45 years and older is used. Cognitive function was measured by word recall, orientation, numeric subtraction, and copying a picture. Physical activity was assessed with three intensity levels. General estimating equations (GEE) with unstructured correlation matrix is used to test the prediction of physical activity intensity on cognitive function. Results Cognitive function of participants significantly declined from 9.81 at baseline to 8.81 after 8 years. Moderate-intensity physical activity for 3 days/week was strongest positive predictor of cognitive function with a betta coefficient of 0.64. Light-intensity physical activity also positively predicted cognitive function, however vigorous physical activity for more than 3 days/week negatively predicted cognitive function. Conclusions Cognitive function of the Chinese population is found to continuously decline after 60 years old age. Fortunately, this decline can be delayed with age-tolerable light to moderate-intensity physical activities.
Exploitation of phylum-spanning omics resources reveals complexity in the nematode FLP signalling system and provides insights into flp-gene evolution
Authors: McCoy Ciaran J. , Wray Christopher P. , Freeman Laura , Crooks Bethany A. , Golinelli Luca , Marks Nikki J. , Temmerman Liesbet , Beets Isabel , Atkinson Louise E. , Mousley Angela 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Parasitic nematodes significantly undermine global human and animal health and productivity. Parasite control is reliant on anthelmintic administration however over-use of a limited number of drugs has resulted in escalating parasitic nematode resistance, threatening the sustainability of parasite control and underscoring an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutics. FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs), the largest family of nematode neuropeptides, modulate nematode behaviours including those important for parasite survival, highlighting FLP receptors (FLP-GPCRs) as appealing putative novel anthelmintic targets. Advances in omics resources have enabled the identification of FLPs and neuropeptide-GPCRs in some parasitic nematodes, but remaining gaps in FLP-ligand libraries hinder the characterisation of receptor-ligand interactions, which are required to drive the development of novel control approaches.

Results
In this study we exploited recent expansions in nematode genome data to identify 2143 flp-genes in > 100 nematode species across free-living, entomopathogenic, plant, and animal parasitic lifestyles and representing 7 of the 12 major nematode clades. Our data reveal that: (i) the phylum-spanning flps, flp-1, -8, -14, and − 18, may be representative of the flp profile of the last common ancestor of nematodes; (ii) the majority of parasitic nematodes have a reduced flp complement relative to free-living species; (iii) FLP prepropeptide architecture is variable within and between flp-genes and across nematode species; (iv) FLP prepropeptide signatures facilitate flp-gene discrimination; (v) FLP motifs display variable length, amino acid sequence, and conservation; (vi) CLANS analysis provides insight into the evolutionary history of flp-gene sequelogues and reveals putative flp-gene paralogues and, (vii) flp expression is upregulated in the infective larval stage of several nematode parasites.

Conclusions
These data provide the foundation required for phylum-spanning FLP-GPCR deorphanisation screens in nematodes to seed the discovery and development of novel parasite control approaches.