bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of brain oxygen extraction fraction using QSM and a hyperoxic challenge
Authors: Ma Yuhan , Mazerolle Erin L. , Cho Junghun , Sun Hongfu , Wang Yi , Pike G. Bruce 
Published: June 2020

PurposeTo use hyperoxia in combination with QSM to quantify microvascular oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) in healthy subjects and to cross‐validate results with those from hypercapnia QSM‐OEF.MethodsTen healthy subjects were scanned on a 3T MRI scanner. At baseline normoxia and during hyperoxia (PetO2 = +300 mmHg), QSM data were acquired using a multi‐echo gradient‐echo (GRE) sequence, and cerebral blood flow data were acquired using a pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling sequence. The OEF and CMRO2 maps were computed and compared with those from hypercapnia QSM‐OEF, acquired in the same subjects, using correlation and Bland‐Altman analysis in 16 vascular territories.ResultsHyperoxia QSM‐OEF produced physiologically reasonable OEF and CMRO2 values in all subjects (gray‐matter region of interest average OEF = 0.42 ± 0.04, average CMRO2 = 181 ± 34 μmol O2/min/100 g). When compared with hypercapnia QSM‐OEF, Bland‐Altman plots revealed small deviations (mean OEF difference = 0.015, mean CMRO2 difference = 4.9 μmol O2/min/100 g, P < .05). Good and excellent correlations of regional OEF and CMRO2 were found for the two methods. In addition, hyperoxia had minimal impact on cerebral blood flow (average gray‐matter cerebral blood flow was reduced by 7.5 ± 5.4%).ConclusionsHyperoxia in combination with QSM is a robust approach to measure OEF. Compared with hypercapnia, hyperoxia is more comfortable and has minimal impact on cerebral blood flow.
A possible mechanism underlying mood disorders associated with LUTS: Chronic bladder outlet obstruction causes NLRP3‐dependent inflammation in the hippocampus and depressive behavior in rats
Authors: Hughes Francis M. , Hirshman Nathan A. , Malick Hamza A. , White Simon W. , Jin Huixia , Harper Shelby N. , Purves J. Todd 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsReports link urinary dysfunction and mood disorders, such as depression, but a causative mechanism has never been postulated. Contemporary discoveries demonstrate a local inflammatory response in peripheral organs can trigger inflammation in the brain, particularly the hippocampus, mediated through the NLRP3 inflammasome. Critically, central inflammation causes depressive behavior. Since bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) evokes a local inflammatory response in the bladder, we hypothesize it will induce NLRP3‐dependent inflammation in the hippocampus and depressive behavior.MethodsThere were four groups of rats: control, sham, BOO, or BOO + glyburide (an NLRP3 inhibitor). BOO was created by urethral ligation over a 1 mm catheter. Sham was tied loosely. Glyburide was provided by slow‐release pellet (subcutaneous 50 mg, 21 day, replaced as needed). Rats were analyzed 12 weeks post‐op for: hippocampal inflammation, microglial density, neurogenesis, and depression symptoms (open field and sucrose preference).ResultsBOO elicited hippocampal inflammation, accompanied by an increase in activated microglia (22%) and a decrease in neurogenesis (35%), which was blocked by glyburide. In addition, BOO rats displayed anxiety (57% decrease in exploratory behavior in the open field assay) and anhedonia (21% decrease in sucrose preference), two symptoms of depression. Like inflammation, these symptoms were diminished by glyburide to levels not statistically significantly different from controls.ConclusionsBOO, a bladder‐localized event, stimulates NLRP3‐dependent inflammation in the rat hippocampus after 12 weeks and this inflammation causes depressive behavior. This is the first mechanistic explanation of the link between BOO and depression and provides evidence for a distinct bladder‐brain axis.
A critical look at the U.S. deceased‐donor organ procurement and utilization system
Authors: Ersoy Ozge Ceren , Gupta Diwakar , Pruett Timothy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe U.S. system for procuring and utilizing deceased‐donor organs for transplantation has been studied and written about in many articles. The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactions between the elements that comprise this system, and point out improvement opportunities that may be affected through operations research/management techniques. The authors demonstrate the need for developing data‐driven and analytic tools. In fact, data is used to generate hypotheses and support claims throughout the paper. The paper also points out the need to fully leverage data that is available to researchers, and to seek data that is currently not deposited in a centralized archive.
A framework for multi‐provider virtual private networks in software‐defined federated networks
Authors: Mostafaei Habib , Lospoto Gabriele , Di Lallo Roberto , Rimondini Massimo , Di Battista Giuseppe 
Published: June 2020

SummaryFederated networks represent a remunerable operational way, allowing federated partners to increase their incomes through a sharing resource process. They have been primarily used in the context of cloud computing; nowadays, they are also used to provide connectivity services, like virtual private networks. However, providing such a service by using standard technologies in federated networks requires a nonnegligible effort from different points of view (e.g., configuration effort). In this paper, we propose an software‐defined network (SDN)–based framework aiming at overcoming limitations in currently adopted best practices to issue virtual private networks in federated networks. Relying on the SDN architecture, we propose a method allowing federated providers to quickly and easily create federated networks, reducing unneeded costs (e.g., new hardware), and a way for customers to fast‐access federated services, without any explicit actions from providers. We evaluate our framework by using SDNetkit. We focus on analyzing the impact of our implementation on both control and data plane, in terms of number of control messages exchanged in the network and size of the forwarding tables, respectively.
ParaStieltjes: Parallel computation of Gauss quadrature rules using a Parareal‐like approach for the Stieltjes procedure
Authors: Gander Martin J. , Lunet Thibaut 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe computation of Gauss quadrature rules for arbitrary weight functions using the Stieltjes algorithm is a purely sequential process, and the computational cost significantly increases when high accuracy is required. ParaStieltjes is a new algorithm to compute the recurrence coefficients of the associated orthogonal polynomials in parallel, from which the nodes and weights of the quadrature rule can then be obtained. ParaStieltjes is based on the time‐parallel Parareal algorithm for solving time‐dependent problems, and thus enlarges the applicability of this time parallel technique to a further, new area of scientific computing. We study ParaStieltjes numerically for different weight functions, and show that substantial theoretical speedup can be obtained when high accuracy is needed. We also present an asymptotic approximation for the node and weight distribution of Gauss quadrature rules, which can be used effectively in ParaStieltjes.
Immobilization of dopamine on the copolymer of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and allyl glycidyl ether and synthesis of new hydrogels
Authors: Mezhuev Yaroslav O , Varankin Alexander V , Luss Anna L , Dyatlov Valerie A , Tsatsakis Aristidis M , Shtilman Mikhail I , Korshak Yuri V 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn epoxy‐containing copolymer was synthesized by radical copolymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and allyl glycidyl ether. Further, the obtained copolymer was used to immobilize dopamine. It was found that immobilization of dopamine follows an equation of second general order and is accompanied by opening of the epoxy cycle. The synthesized dopamine‐containing copolymer was used to produce hydrogels that are formed during the treatment thereof with solutions of iron(III) chloride and sodium periodate. The gel formed upon treatment with iron(III) chloride was found to be pH sensitive. It was shown that the hydrogel obtained through oxidation with sodium periodate is capable of complete slow degradation in a saline phosphate buffer at pH 7.5. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and properties of σ‐π conjugated porous polymers obtained withMizoroki–Heckreaction of tetra vinyl cyclic siloxane with dibromo fluorene
Authors: Naga Naofumi , Miyanaga Tomoharu , Wang Yuting , Nakano Tamaki 
Published: June 2020

Abstractσ‐π Conjugated porous polymers were synthesized by the Mizoroki–Heck reaction of cyclic siloxane with vinyl groups, 1,3,5,7‐tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (TVMCTS), and 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐dialkylfluorene (RFl) compounds, using a Pd catalyst inN,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at 100°C. The reactions of TVMCTS in combination with 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐dihexylfluorene (HFl), 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐dioctylfluorene (OFl), and 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐ethylhexylfluorene (EHFl) yielded porous polymers whose morphologies were induced by phase separation during the network formation. The reactions in combination with binary RFl systems, TVMCTS‐HFl/OFl, and HFl/EHFl systems, also yielded porous polymers. Scanning electron microscope images showed porous structures, which were composed by connected globules and/or isolated‐deformed holes. The long and branching structure of the alkyl side chains in RFl decreased Young's modulus of porous polymers in compression test. The porous polymers showed emission derived from σ‐π conjugated fluorene units on photo excitation. An increase in monomer concentration in the reaction induced red shifts of the emission bands of the porous polymer due to π‐stacking of the fluorene units. The porous polymers showed relatively high fluorescence quantum yields of about 0.2–0.3. Quantum yield of the porous polymers with HFl decreased with increasing monomer concentration in the reaction systems.
Prevalence and predictors of cancer patients' unexpressed needs in the admission interview of inpatient rehabilitation
Authors: Heß Verena , Meng Karin , Schulte Thomas , Neuderth Silke , Bengel Jürgen , Faller Hermann , Schuler Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe admission interview in oncological inpatient rehabilitation might be a good opportunity to identify cancer patients' needs present after acute treatment. However, a relevant number of patients may not express their needs. In this study, we examined (a) the proportion of cancer patients with unexpressed needs, (b) topics of unexpressed needs and reasons for not expressing needs, (c) correlations of not expressing needs with several patient characteristics, and (d) predictors of not expressing needs.MethodsWe enrolled 449 patients with breast, prostate, and colon cancer at beginning and end of inpatient rehabilitation. We obtained self‐reports about unexpressed needs and health‐related variables (quality of life, depression, anxiety, adjustment disorder, and health literacy). We estimated frequencies and conducted correlation and ordinal logistic regression analyses.ResultsA quarter of patients stated they had “rather not” or “not at all” expressed all relevant needs. Patients mostly omitted fear of cancer recurrence. Most frequent reasons for not expressing needs were being focused on physical consequences of cancer, concerns emerging only later, and not knowing about the possibility of talking about distress. Not expressing needs was associated with several health‐related outcomes, for example, emotional functioning, adjustment disorder, fear of progression, and health literacy. Depression measured at the beginning of rehabilitation showed only small correlations and is therefore not sufficient to identify patients with unexpressed needs.ConclusionsA relevant proportion of cancer patients reported unexpressed needs in the admission interview. This was associated with decreased mental health. Therefore, it seems necessary to support patients in expressing needs.
Shifting links in the relationship between education and fertility
Authors: Wood Jonas , Klüsener Sebastian , Neels Karel , Myrskylä Mikko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor a long time, high‐income countries tended to report a negative association between female educational attainment and childbearing. Belgium was among the first countries that seemed to witness the emergence of a positive educational gradient in female fertility. It has been argued that—alongside other contextual correlates—this trend reflects the increasing availability of work–family reconciliation policies from which especially highly educated people benefit. In contrast to the sizable body of literature assessing varying educational gradients in female fertility across countries, subnational regional variation has hitherto received little attention. As a result, we study the Belgian case using unique microdata covering all residents in 2002–2005. The main focus is on the relevance of between‐municipality variation in economic conditions and childcare services for understanding variation in second birth hazards by educational attainment. We show that a considerable part of the municipal variation in the educational gradient in second birth hazards reflects a positive link between fertility and childcare provisions as well as wealth for highly educated women, contrasting with lower educated groups. Our findings suggest that institutional support for families is relevant but also incurs the risk of increased social polarisation.
The evaluation of a new multidimensional job insecurity measure in a Chinese context
Authors: Wang Dawei , Hao Leilei , Zong Zhaobiao , Siu OiLing , Xiao Yilin , Zhao Chaoyue , Zhang Xinyong , O'Neill Patrick , Hu Yixin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examines the psychometric properties of a new multidimensional job insecurity measure (JIM) by O'Neill and Sevastos in a Chinese context. Overall, the results corroborate the construct validity, reliability and criterion‐related validity of the JIM. Based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis, the new scale has 15 items and three items were removed from the dimensions of job loss and job change because of differences in culture and understanding between Chinese and Western employees. Additionally, the relationship between job insecurity and theoretically viable antecedents (three different types of conflicts) and outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction and counterproductive work behaviour) were also examined, and the results show that the three conflicts are effective predictors of job insecurity and job insecurity is predictor of outcomes variables. All findings show that this new JIM is more parsimonious and more effective in assessing job insecurity in the Chinese context.
Lancing Drug Reservoirs into Subcutaneous Fat to Combat Obesity and Associated Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Than Aung , Duong Phan Khanh , Zan Ping , Liu Junjie , Leow Melvin Khee‐Shing , Chen Peng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObesity is a serious epidemic health problem that can cause many other diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Current approaches to combat obesity suffer from low effectiveness and adverse side effects. Here, a new self‐administrable and minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery strategy for home‐based long‐term treatment of obesity and other diseases is developed. Specifically, ultrathin, core‐shelled, and lance‐shaped polymeric drug reservoirs (micro‐lances [MLs]) are readily fabricated by a thermal pressing molding method and totally implanted into subcutaneous fat by lancing through the skin. Using a diet‐induced obese mouse model, it is shown that the development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders is effectively inhibited by applying therapeutic core‐shelled MLs once every 2 weeks. The outstanding therapeutic effects are attributable to highly localized and biphasic drug release, as well as combination therapy based on browning transformation of white fat and enhanced insulin sensitivity.
Optimum design for unbonded posttensioned precast concrete frames with damping
Authors: Chen Yue , Cai Kejian , Sheng Tao , Wu Hao 
Published: June 2020

SummaryPrecast concrete facilitates the construction process using durable and rapidly erectable prefabricated members to create cost‐effective and high‐quality structures, which has been widely used in some areas including those with high seismicity. A member of this precast structure family, the unbonded posttensioned precast concrete frames with damping, was proposed in the Precast Seismic Structural Systems (PRESSS) program. The PRESSS had presented a design procedure for the new system, which requires a time‐consuming iteration using trial and error. The aim of this study is to develop an automatic optimum design procedure as an alternative to the design of this system. Specifically, the objective of the optimum process is to find the minimum area of PT tendons, the maximum area of mild steel reinforcement, and the minimum unbonded length for mild steel while obtaining the maximum energy dissipation, maintaining moment capacity similar to design moment, and achieving zero residual drift, simultaneously. To this end, computer program MATLAB was utilized to develop an optimization design procedure using a genetic algorithm (GA). Comparing the results with that from the existing method indicates the proposed optimum design program is accurate, efficient, and direct. In addition, the program can present the optimum result within 1 min. Therefore, the existing iterative, step‐by‐step design method could be replaced.
Identification of regions under selection and loci controlling agronomic traits in a soft red winter wheat population
Authors: Gaire Rupesh , Ohm Herbert , Brown‐Guedira Gina , Mohammadi Mohsen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractComprehensive information of a breeding population is a necessity to design promising crosses. This study was conducted to characterize a soft red winter wheat breeding population that was subject of intensive germplasm introductions and introgression from exotic germplasm. We used genome‐wide markers and phenotypic assessment to identify signatures of selection and loci controlling agronomic traits in a soft red winter wheat population. The study of linkage disequilibrium (LD) revealed that the extent of LD and its decay varied among chromosomes with chromosomes 2B and 7D showing the most extended islands of high‐LD with slow rates of decay. Four sub‐populations, two with North American origin and two with Australian and Chinese origins, were identified. Genome‐wide scans for selection signatures using FST and hapFLK identified 13 genomic regions under selection, of which five loci (LT, Fr‐A2, Vrn‐A1, Vrn‐B1, Vrn3) were associated with environmental adaptation and two loci were associated with disease resistance genes (Sr36 and Fhb1). Genome‐wide association studies identified major loci controlling yield and yield related traits. For days to heading and plant height, major loci with effects sizes of 2.2 days and 5 cm were identified on chromosomes 7B and 6A respectively. For test weight, number of spikes per square meter, and number of kernels per square meter, large effect loci were identified on chromosomes 1A, 4B, and 5A, respectively. However, for yield alone, no major loci were detected. A combination of selection for large effect loci for yield components and genomic selection could be a promising approach for yield improvement.
Effects of cysteine and ascorbic acid in freezing extender on sperm characteristics and level of enzymes in post‐thawed stallion semen
Authors: Alamaary Mohaammed S. , Haron Abd W. , Hiew Mark W. H. , Ali Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPresent study aimed to investigate the effect of adding antioxidants, cysteine and ascorbic acid on the levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic‐pyruvate (GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) enzymes of post‐thawed stallion sperm. Ten ejaculates were collected each from four healthy stallions and cryopreserved using HF‐20 freezing extender containing either 0 mg/ml cysteine or ascorbic acid, 0.5 mg/ml cysteine and 0.5 mg/ml ascorbic acid. All samples in freezing extender containing cysteine or ascorbic acid or none of them were assessed for sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, morphology and enzymes concentration. The ALP, LDH and GGT were significantly higher in 0‐group compared with cysteine and ascorbic acid groups. The sperm motility of frozen‐thawed semen with 0‐group was significantly better compared with cysteine and ascorbic acid groups. The variation on viability, sperm membrane integrity and morphology were insignificant between all treated groups. Therefore, these enzymes were reduced when using antioxidants in the freezing extender. Results of the present study suggest that concentration of ALP, LDH and GGT enzymes could be used as parameters for prediction of frozen‐thawed stallion semen.
Membrane processes
Authors: Arabi Sara , Pellegrin Marie‐Laure , Aguinaldo Jorge , Sadler Mary E. , McCandless Robert , Sadreddini Sara , Wong Joseph , Burbano Marie S. , Koduri Srikanth , Abella Karla , Moskal Jeff , Alimoradi Sirwan , Azimi Yaldah , Dow Andrew , Tootchi Leila , Kinser Karla , Kaushik Vishakha , Saldanha Valetta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis literature review provides a review for publications in 2018 and 2019 and includes information membrane processes findings for municipal and industrial applications. This review is a subsection of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review for Treatment Systems section. The following topics are covered in this literature review: industrial wastewater and membrane. Bioreactor (MBR) configuration, membrane fouling, design, reuse, nutrient removal, operation, anaerobic membrane systems, microconstituents removal, membrane technology advances, and modeling. Other sub‐sections of the Treatment Systems section that might relate to this literature review include the following: Biological Fixed‐Film Systems, Activated Sludge, and Other Aerobic Suspended Culture Processes, Anaerobic Processes, and Water Reclamation and Reuse. This publication might also have related information on membrane processes: Industrial Wastes, Hazardous Wastes, and Fate and Effects of Pollutants.
Study on the wettability of Pannónia poplar (P.x euramericana Pannónia) from two Hungarian plantations: Győr and Solt
Authors: Rábai L. , Horváth N. , Kánnár A. , Csiha Cs. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In Hungary, large stocks of plantation poplar reached their cutting age. The present paper is a part-time report of the OTKA project on the wettability of Pannónia poplar samples originating from two Hungarian plantations: Győr and Solt. The main question was whether the different sites of origin have a significant influence on the properties of the boards. Samples from the two plantation sites were collected from different trunks, and laboratory samples with tangential cut were prepared by planing. Wettability was measured by sessile drop method, both with distilled water and diiodomethane, using a PGX goniometer. Surface tension was calculated according to the Fowkes method.