bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In search of drugs to counter the countermeasures of SARS-CoV-2 in evading host’s innate immune defense: a Molecular modeling approach.
Authors: Choudhury Shuvasish , Borah Anupom , Mazumder Muhammed Khairujjaman , Saikia Purbajyoti , Moulick Debojyoti 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The coronaviruses (CoV), including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the novel SARS-CoV-2, evade the host innate immunity employing Papain-like protease (PLPro). PLPro performs deubiquitination and deISGylation of host proteins and signaling molecules, and thus antagonize the host’s innate immune response. Thus, PLPro is a promising drug target against SARS-CoV-2. The present study employs molecular modeling approaches to determine potential of different compounds as inhibitors of the PLPro. The results demonstrated that drugs like Stallimycin, and known PLPro inhibitors including Telaprevir, Grazoprevir and Boceprevir, were highly potent in inhibiting the enzyme. In addition, several plant-derived polyphenols were also found to be potent inhibitors.
Development of an Extended Acute Care Surgery Service in Response to the Covid-19 Global Pandemic: Assessment of Clinical Patient Outcomes and Staff Psychological Well-being
Authors: Mathur Sachin , Ng Chung Fai Jeremy , Koh Fangju , Cai Mingzhe , Palaniappan Gautham , Linn Yun Le , Lim Huiling Linda , Lakshman Ramu , Ling Xiao Shuang , Chin Sock Teng , Tan Hiang Khoon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAs the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps across the world, healthcare departments must adapt to meet the challenges of service provision and staff/patient protection. Unlike elective surgery, Acute care surgery (ACS) workloads cannot be artificially reduced providing a unique challenge for administrators to balance healthcare resources between the COVID-19 surge and regular patient admissions. MethodsAn extended ACS (eACS) model of care is described with the aim of limiting COVID-19 healthcare worker and patient cross-infection as well as providing 24/7 management of emergency general surgical (GS) and trauma patients. The eACS service comprised 5 independent teams covering a rolling 1:5 24-hr call. Attempts to completely separate eACS teams and patients from the elective side were made. The service was compared to the existing ACS service in terms of clinical and efficiency outcomes. Finally, a survey of staff attitudes towards these changes, concerns regarding COVID-19 and psychological well-being was assessed.ResultsThere were no staff/patient COVID-19 cross-infections. Compared to the ACS service, eACS patients had reduced overall length of stay (2-days), time spent in the Emergency Room (46 minutes) and time from surgery to discharge (2.4-hours). Mortality was decreased during this time. The eACS model of care saved financial resources and bed-days for the organisation. The changes were well received by team-members who also felt that their safety was prioritised.ConclusionIn healthcare systems affected by COVID-19, an eACS model may assist in preserving psychological well-being for healthcare staff whilst providing 24/7 care for emergency GS and trauma patients.
Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy as an Adjunct for Orthodontic Retention: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies
Authors: Shan Zhiyi , Wong Ka Wai Frank , McGrath Colman , Gu Min , Yang Yanqi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been verified effective in tooth-movement acceleration and pain alleviation during active orthodontic treatment, but its function remains inconclusive post-treatment. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of LLLT as an adjunct retention regimen following active orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).Methods: This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Six databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, ProQuest) were comprehensively searched for human and animal studies published till December 2019 and screened according to our eligibility criteria. The risk of bias was assessed based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Experiment Tool. Two independent reviewers performed all procedures in duplicate. Any disagreement was resolved by discussion or consultation with a third reviewer.Results: A total of 394 records were identified from the initial search. Following screening, 15 full-text articles were reviewed for eligibility (ĸ>0.90), and ultimately, eight studies (three human studies and five animal studies) were included in this review. The key outcomes considered were ‘preventing tooth relapse’ and ‘rehabilitating root resorption’. Two controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and one animal study supported the preventive effects of LLLT on the relapse of post-orthodontic tooth positions. In contrast, two animal studies reported opposing findings. Regarding the rehabilitation of root resorption, evidence supported the reparative potential of LLLT in orthodontic force-induced root resorption. Overall, there was a high risk of bias among studies, except for one randomised controlled trial. Due to the substantial heterogeneity among studies in terms of their types, participants, designs, LLLT settings and variables of interest, it was not feasible to conduct a meta-analysis; therefore, a qualitative synthesis is presented.Conclusion: The quality of evidence for LLLT contributing to the maintenance of orthodontic outcomes or a better treatment prognosis remains low. There is considerable controversy over the effects of LLLT on orthodontic relapse. However, the use of LLLT after OTM has promising reparative effects for root resorption and is generally recommended.
An emerging marker predicting the severity of COVID-19: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Count Ratio
Authors: Zhang Minping , Xiao Enhua , Liu Jiayi , Cai Yeyu , Yu Qizhi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To analyze clinical features and laboratory indicators and identify the markers of exacerbation in COVID-19.
Methods: We reviewed clinical histories of 177 patients with confirmed COVID-19. The patients were categorized into mild group (153 patients) and severe group (24 patients). The baseline demographic and laboratory indicators of all patients were collected, including the neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to search for indicators predicting exacerbation in COVID-19 patients, and acquiring the area under the curves (AUCs), sensitivity, specificity and cut-off value.
Results: The age of the severe group were significantly older than those of the mild group (P <0.01). Fever was the typical symptom in all COVID-19 patients. Cough and fatigue were manifested in mild group, yet severe patients were more prominent in dyspnea. The laboratory indicators showing that the mild group mainly had an elevated C-reactive protein; the severe group had a decreased lymphocyte count and lymphocyte ratio. WBC, neutrophil count, neutrophil ratio, D-dimer, AST, ALT, LDH, BUN, CRP levels increased. Furthermore, compared to mild group, WBC, neutrophil count, neutrophil ratio (Neut%), D-dimer, total bilirubin, albumin, AST, ALT, LDH, BUN, creatine kinase, CRP, CAR, NLCR were significantly higher, the lymphocyte count, lymphocyte ratio, and APTT were significantly lower in severe group (P<0.05). The ROC indicating that NLCR, Neut%, CAR, CRP, and LDH were better at distinguishing mild and severe patients. The AUCs of NLCR was larger than others (NLCR>Neut%>CAR>CRP>LDH: 0.939>0.925>0.908>0.895>0.873), which suggested that NLCR was the optimal maker; a cut-off value for NLCR of 6.15 had 87.5% sensitivity and 97.6% specificity for predicting exacerbation in COVID-19 patients.
Conclusions: The different types of COVID-19 had significant differences in age, clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators, and severe patients might be easier to suffer from the multiple organ damage. An elevated NLCR may indicate that the disease was progressing towards exacerbation. It was essential to dynamically monitor the serum NLCR levels which contributed to evaluate the patient's condition and efficacy. NLCR could be used as a novel, highly specific and sensitive marker for predicting severity of COVID-19 patients.
Management of oncology patients receiving anti-cancer treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Namal Esat , Dinc Nur , Saglam Sezer , Ozturk Ali Vefa , Koculu Safiye , Yir Asiye , Cevik Esin , Sabet Soheyl , Sokmen Bedriye Koyuncu , Gurcan Nagihan Inan , Tokat Yaman , Ciftci Cavlan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background/Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has deeply affected life all over the World. The World Health Organization named this disease as COVID-19. The most important factor in the transmission of the disease is asymptomatic carriers. We’ve tested all oncology patients, that receive anti-cancer therapy, for COVİD-19 to prevent asymptomatic oncology patients from spreading infection and to make the decision to postpone chemotherapy in infected patients. Then, we analyzed the clinical and radiological findings of infected patients.Materials and Methods: Oncology patients who have indications of receiving anti-cancer treatment in the hospital were tested for COVID-19, two day prior to their treatment even if they were asymptomatic by collecting nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens for RT-PCR for viral RNA detection. Positive patients, underwent inspiratory phase of chest computed tomography (CT) examination. Infected patients were given the recommended treatment for COVID-19. Anti-cancer treatment of all patients that had positive PCR results was delayed for 14 days.Results: PCR test was positive in 28 of 312 patients that we tested, and the positivity rate was 8.9%. Three patients (10.7%) had symptoms; 2 of whom had dyspnea and cough, and 1 had headache, and 25 patients (89.3%) had no symptoms.Conclusion: In oncology patients, who are receiving anti-cancer treatment, we have to recognize the asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. We recommend testing for COVID-19 in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy, periodically or before each anti-cancer treatment, in order to continue their treatment without any problems and to prevent the risk of transmission.
The effect of passive exposure to tobacco smoke on the immune response in children with asthma
Authors: Wawrzyniak Agata , Lipinska-Opalka Agnieszka , Kalicki Boleslaw , Kloc Malgorzata 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
IntroductionThere are a few publications about the impact of tobacco smoke on the children’s immune system. Material and MethodsThe study group consisted of 43 children with asthma.. The control group consisted of 37 healthy children. The exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed by the presence of the cotinine in the urine. ResultsThe group of children with asthma exposed to tobacco smoke had significantly higher levels of the IL-1 and lower levels IL-4 than children not exposed to the passive smoking. The children from the control group exposed to tobacco smoke had a significantly higher concentration of IL-4 than unexposed children. In the whole analyzed population, there was a significant correlation between the presence of cotinine and the concentration of IL-1 and CRP. ConclusionIn this study we found that the passive exposure to tobacco smoke has the immunomodulatory effects on the immune system.
Practice and perception of Bangladeshi adults toward COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wadood Md. Abdul , Lee Lai Lee , Huq Md. Monimul , Mamun ASMA , Mohd Suhaili , Hossain Md. Golam 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread across the world with increasing number of confirmed cases and death. Preventive measures have still been the only way of slowing down the transmission and prevention of the deadly disease. Practice of preventive guidelines and perception about the disease is important in this regard. We aimed to study on practice to prevent and perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults during the rapid rise of the outbreak.Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we conducted an online survey to collect data from 320 Bangladeshi adults during the period of 10-20 April, 2020 with a self-developed questionnaire. For measuring their level of practice, a general question was asked to participants, “Are you properly following the guidelines recommended by WHO to avoid COVID-19? Four type of perceptions; (i) seriousness, (ii) susceptibility, (iii) efficacy, and (iv) carry out the measures of the disease were considered for measuring risk of perception. Frequency distribution, Chi-square (χ2) test and binary logistic regression model were utilized in this study. Results: More than 71% of participants had good practice of always following the guidelines of the World Health Organization to prevent COVID-19. Logistic regression model demonstrated that people living in urban area (p<0.01), high education (p<0.01), rich (p<0.01) and joint family (p<0.01) had the most contributions to good practice. The average risk perception among participants was 3.05±0.75 (median, 3.00) (95% CI of mean: 2.96-3.13). More than 27% participants showed high risk perceptions. It was found that males (p<0.05), high educated (p<0.05), rich (p<0.01), service holders (0.05) and younger adults (p<0.05) had higher odds of high risk perception.Conclusions: The good practice of preventive guidelines and risk perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults were satisfactory but not of the expected level. High socioeconomic status and education were significantly correlated with appropriate practice and perception during the peak time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Government should take step to increase the level of practice to avoid and perception toward COVID-19 among Bangladeshi people during the pandemic.
Chloroquine drug and Graphene complex for treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Mohammadi Saeedeh , Esmailpour Mohammad , Mohammadi Mina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper is a new step in helping the treatment of coronavirus by improving the performance of chloroquine drug. For this purpose, we propose a complex of chloroquine drug with graphene nanoribbon (GNR) scheme. We compute the structural and electrical properties and absorption of chloroquine (C18H26ClN3) and GNR complex using the density functional theory (DFT) method. By creating a drug and GNR complex, the density of states of electrons increases and the energy gap decreases compared to the chloroquine. Also, using absorption calculations and spectrums such as infrared and UV-Vis spectra, we showed that GNR is a suitable structure for creating chloroquine drug complex. Our results show that the dipole moment, global softness and electrophilicity for the drug complex increases compared to the non-complex state. Our calculations can be useful for increasing performance and reducing the side effects of chloroquine, and thus can be effective in treating coronavirus.
Septic cardiopathy: disputable issues and prospects
Authors: Kozlov I. A. , Tyurin I. N. 
Published: May 2020

The objective: to present current information about definitions, etiopathogenesis, clinical, laboratory and hemodynamic manifestations of septic cardiopathy, based on published data and the results of our own research.Results: septic cardiopathy is the most important pathogenetic component of sepsis, and cardiac dysfunction makes a significant contribution to its outcomes. It is found out that after staying in the intensive care unit for 3-4 days, the level of the inactive part of the precursor of the B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) > 3,450 pg/ml indicates of the risk of death: area under ROC curve (AUC) 0.708 (p = 0.0041), sensitivity 63.6%, and specificity 66.7%. At the same time, NT-proBNP > 5,250 pg/ml is associated with the use of inotropic drugs: AUC 0.769 (p = 0.0007), sensitivity 76.9%, specificity 79.0%. The article describes the detection of septic cardiopathy using transpulmonary thermodilution and calculation of such indices as afterload-related cardiac performance and cardiac function index. Data on the age-related parameters of central hemodynamics and risk of pathological decrease in certain blood circulation indices characteristic of older patients are presented. The article discusses the feasibility of treating septic cardiopathy as a variant of acute heart failure, which can be manifested not only by a decreased systolic function (low left ventricular ejection fraction) but also by increased end-diastolic pressure in the ventricles (diastolic dysfunction) with a normal left ventricular ejection fraction.
Principles of anesthetic management of surgeries in diabetes patients
Authors: Neymark M. I. 
Published: May 2020

The objective: to describe the modern aspects of perioperative management of diabetes patients.Results:glycemic level correction makes the main task of preoperative preparation. The article presents modern approaches to solving this problem in emergency and planned surgery, target parameters of blood glucose concentration, criteria of patients' readiness for surgery. The principles of choosing the anesthesia method, features of regional anesthesia, and infusion therapy are discussed.
Management of anemia in patients in the pre- and postoperative period and critically ill patients
Authors: Khalikova E. Yu. , Silaev B. V. 
Published: May 2020

The objective: to provide information and discuss the most justified and rational ways of anemia management in the perioperative period and in critically ill patients.Results: anemia as a syndrome associated with the perioperative period and critical conditions occurs in patients of the intensive care unit in 30–70% of cases. Currently, there is a clear trend towards restrictive blood transfusion tactics, the individualization of the anemic status of the patient, as well as the personalization of the treatment. Alternative approaches to blood transfusion are encouraged to improve the oxygen transport function of the blood, including the use of iron supplements in adult patients with hypoferric anemia and treatment with drugs that stimulate erythropoiesis.
Alagille syndrome in children
Authors: Volynets G. V. , Nikitin A. V. , Skvortsova T. A. 
Published: May 2020

Alagill syndrome is a rare genetic disease with an autosomal dominant type of inheritance, which is characterized by chronic intrahepatic cholestasis due to an abnormality of the biliary tree in combination with multiple malformations. It presents certain difficulties in diagnosing little children, when it is necessary to accurately determine the cause of cholestasis and the tactics of further treatment.Objective. To analyze clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters in children with Alagill syndrome.Characteristics of children and research methods. The authors carried out a retrospective continuous analysis of the clinical and diagnostic manifestations of Alagill syndrome in 21 children (10 boys and 11 girls) aged from 1 month to 14 years 5 months (average age 5 years ± 1 year). They studied their history of life and illness, assessed the course of pregnancy, first clinical manifestations of the disease, the results of clinical and diagnostic tests at the beginning of the disease and the analyses conducted at the place of residence and during the first hospitalization. All children underwent ultrasound examination of the abdomen and biochemical blood test.Results. When analyzing clinical and diagnostic criteria of children with Alagille syndrome we found the following diagnostically important criteria: the threat of termination of pregnancy in mothers, fetal hypotrophy, prolonged neonatal period of jaundice, which may further persist and be accompanied by hepato / hepatosplenomegaly (more common for children above 3 months old), hypo-/ acholic stool, which occasionally occur in 3-month-old children, coagulopathy, more characteristic of children under 3 months old, as well as changes in biochemical blood parameters: the cytolytic activity – 2–5 times above the limits, hyperbilirubinemia (with a predominance of direct bilirubin fraction) – 3–7 times above the limits, gamma glutamyl – 2–7 times above the limits.Conclusion. Alagill syndrome should be diagnosed as early as possible to determine further treatment tactics. A detailed history, analysis of clinical and diagnostic manifestations of the disease, especially changes in biochemical blood tests are important for the diagnostics of this disease.
Dynamics of the incidence in the 15–17-year-old men in the Russian Federation
Authors: Banteva M. N. , Manoshkina Е. M. , Matveev E. N. 
Published: May 2020

In recent decades, the Russian Federation has seen an increase in the incidence of the population, including children and adolescents.Objective: to identify trends in the incidence and “to chronize” the pathology of young men in the Russian Federation. Using the method of descriptive statistics, the authors analyzed the overall and for the first time recorded incidence in 15–17-year-old men in 2000–2017. The authors noted a 35,8% increase in the overall incidence rate and a 35,4% increase in the for the first time recorded incidence rate. The maximum increase in the overall incidence is observed in the following classes: neoplasms (2,6 times), blood and bloodforming organs diseases (2 times), congenital anomalies (malformations; 1,8 times), circulatory system diseases (1,7 times), the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases (1,6 times), endocrine and metabolic disorders (1,5 times). Based on theoverall and for the first time registered incidence the authors calculated the “chronicity” of diseases. With a general growth rate of this indicator of 0,3% there is a significant growth of this indicator for certain diseases: mental disorders and behavioral disorders (2,1 times), congenital anomalies (malformations; 1,9 times), endocrine system diseases, metabolic disorders (1,5 times).
Artificial neural network system analysis and Kriging methodology for estimation of non-revenue water ratio
Authors: Şişman Eyüp , Kizilöz Burak 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The non-revenue water (NRW) ratio parameter is significantly important for performance evaluation of water distribution systems. In order to evaluate the NRW ratio, the variables influencing this parameter should be determined. Therefore, the first aim of the paper is to define the variables which are influential on the estimation of the NRW ratio and then analyze these variables by using artificial neural networks (ANNs) methodology by means of 50 models with one, two, three, and four-variable input. Secondly, in this study, the NRW ratios have been predicted for the first time by using the Kriging methodology through only two variables. By using the data measured in 12 district meter areas (DMA) in Kocaeli, 60 models in total have been established for NRW ratio prediction through the ANN and Kriging methodologies. The ANN models are closed-box models and therefore the interpretation of the ANN model results requires higher expert opinion. As a consequence, the results show that Kriging model graphs produce much more useful information than ANN models in terms of application and interpretation.