bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genomics reveals repeated signals of adaptive divergence in the Atlantic salmon of north‐eastern Europe
Authors: Zueva Ksenia J. , Lumme Jaakko , Veselov Alexey E. , Primmer Craig R. , Pritchard Victoria L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur ability to examine genetic variation across entire genomes has enabled many studies searching for the genetic basis of local adaptation. These studies have identified numerous loci as candidates for differential local selection; however, relatively few have examined the overlap among candidate loci identified from independent studies of the same species in different geographic areas or evolutionary lineages. We used an allelotyping approach with a 220K SNP array to characterize the population genetic structure of Atlantic salmon in north‐eastern Europe and ask whether the same genomic segments emerged as outliers among populations in different geographic regions. Genome‐wide data recapitulated the phylogeographic structure previously inferred from mtDNA and microsatellite markers. Independent analyses of three genetically and geographically distinct groups of populations repeatedly inferred the same 17 haploblocks to contain loci under differential local selection. The most strongly supported of these replicated haploblocks had known strong associations with life‐history variation or immune response in Atlantic salmon. Our results are consistent with these genomic segments harbouring large‐effect loci which have a major role in Atlantic salmon diversification and are ideal targets for validation studies.
Identifying carrot appearance quality by an improved dense CapNet
Authors: Zhu Hongfei , Yang Lianhe , Sun Yuxin , Han Zhongzhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCarrot appearance quality is a significant concern of consumers and modern food process engineering. In the process of sorting in agricultural products, the agricultural products' appearance quality plays a particularly important role, so it is incredibly necessary to identify carrot appearance quality. In this study, we proposed an improved dense capsule network model (Modified‐DCNet) for carrot appearance quality identification. First, the initiator of Modified‐DCNet introduced the self‐attention layer that will reduce the interference of background information on the identification task. Specifically, the feature weight of the recognized area increased to reduce background information interference. Besides, the capsule layers of the improved model used a locally constrained dynamic routing algorithm to realize the sharing mechanism of capsule routing selection and transformation matrix in the local area, and this algorithm can reduce the size of network parameters and network training load. When the input image size is 227 × 227 pixels, the recognition accuracy of this model is 97.50%, and the parameter count is the only 5.2 M. The experimental results show that the improved dense capsule network model (Modified‐DCNet) has higher recognition accuracy and smaller parameter scales.Practical ApplicationsIn the design and manufacture of carrot sorter, it is vital to recognize the appearance quality of the carrot correctly. In this paper, Modified‐DCNet can achieve higher identification accuracy, dramatically reduce the burden of model parameter calculation. The carrot appearance plays a crucial role in quality assessment. Therefore, this work has practical application value.
The Relationship Between Psychological Capital and the Occupational Psychologic Risks of Nurses: The Mediation Role of Compassion Satisfaction
Authors: Yıldırım Nazmiye , Coşkun Hamit , Polat Şehrinaz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to explore the relationship between psychological capital (hope, self‐efficacy, resilience, and optimism) and burnout and compassion fatigue or secondary traumatic stress among general hospital nurses, and the mediating role of compassion satisfaction in this relationship.DesignCross‐sectional survey study. Participants were 697 nurses working in different nursing departments in tertiary university hospitals in a metropolitan city in Turkey.MethodsThe semistructured interview form, Professional Quality of Life Scale, and Psychological Capital Scale were used to gather data. Descriptive analysis, the Spearman correlation analyzer, hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, and mediation analyzer with PROCESS and the Sobel test were used to analyze data.FindingsThere were moderate relationships between psychological capital total score, all subscales, and burnout, and weak negative correlations between these variables and compassion fatigue. For burnout, self‐efficacy and optimism in the first model explained 26% of the variance; when compassion satisfaction was added in the second model, 45% of the total variance was explained. For compassion fatigue, self‐efficacy in the first model explained 5% of the variance; adding compassion satisfaction in the second model, the variance did not change at all.ConclusionsThe findings of the current study may contribute to enhancing the protection of nurses' well‐being in their general hospital settings by developing knowledge about the resources that are needed to prevent or decrease occupational psychological risks. Increasing psychological capital levels of nurses enhances the quality of care and the sustainability of their working conditions.Clinical RelevanceThe findings of this study can be used to design interventions to better assist nurses in addressing their psychological health. Because psychological capital is a malleable resource, nursing managers can invest in the development and improvement of nurses' resources.
Initial morphological symmetry breaking in the foregut and development of the omental bursa in human embryos
Authors: Schäfer Tobias , Stankova Viktoria , Viebahn Christoph , de Bakker Bernadette , Tsikolia Nikoloz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBilaterally symmetrical primordia of visceral organs undergo asymmetrical morphogenesis leading to typical arrangement of visceral organs in the adult. Asymmetrical morphogenesis within the upper abdomen leads, among others, to the formation of the omental bursa dorsally to the rotated stomach. A widespread view of this process assumes kinking of thin mesenteries as a main mechanism. This view is based on a theory proposed already by Johannes Müller in 1830 and was repeatedly criticized, but some of the most plausible alternative views (initially proposed by Swaen in 1897 and Broman in 1904) still remain to be proven. Here, we analyzed serial histological sections of human embryos between stages 12 and 15 at high light microscopical resolution to reveal the succession of events giving rise to the development of the omental bursa and its relation to the emerging stomach asymmetry. Our analysis indicates that morphological symmetry breaking in the upper abdomen occurs within a wide mesenchymal plate called here mesenteric septum and is based on differential behavior of the coelomic epithelium which causes asymmetric paragastric recess formation and, importantly, precedes initial rotation of stomach. Our results thus provide the first histological evidence of breaking the symmetry of the early foregut anlage in the human embryo and pave the way for experimental studies of left‐right symmetry breaking in the upper abdomen in experimental model organisms.
Correlation between emotional intelligence and negative emotions of front‐line nurses during the COVID‐19 epidemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sun Huili , Wang Shuling , Wang Wei , Han Guanghong , Liu Zhijian , Wu Qi , Pang Xiaoli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to understand the emotional intelligence level (EI) and negative emotional status of the front‐line nurses in the epidemic situation and to further explore the relationship between them.BackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 epidemic, under the influence of multiple factors, nurses were vulnerable to negative emotions. While previous studies have explored, the role of emotional intelligence in negative emotions, the relationship between the two has not been sufficiently discussed in the context of COVID‐19.DesignThe study carried out a cross‐sectional survey. The STROBE was selected as the checklist in this study.Methods202 nurses from Wuhan makeshift hospital participated in the questionnaire survey. Data collection tools included a general data questionnaire designed by the researchers, Chinese version of EI scale (WLEIS‐C) and Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS‐21). Descriptive statistics, single factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to analyse the data.ResultsThe emotional intelligence of the front‐line nurses was in the upper middle range. Among the negative emotions, anxiety was the most prominent symptom.ConclusionsManagers should pay attention to the negative emotional problems of front‐line nurses, improve their EI level and promote mental health and the progress of epidemic prevention.Relevance to clinical practiceImproving the level of emotional intelligence can reduce the frequency and intensity of negative emotions. In clinical work, emotional intelligence can be used as a skill to carry out relevant training, which is conducive to playing a positive role in future emergencies.
Differences in knowledge and attitudes toward the intrauterine device: Do age and race matter?
Authors: Edwards Sara , Mercier Rebecca , Perriera Lisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe intrauterine device (IUD) is highly effective birth control, but US IUD usage lags. Barriers to usage, including patient attitudes and lack of knowledge, are not well‐characterized. This study sought to investigate how attitudes and knowledge about IUD vary by age and race.MethodsA survey was distributed to all women in the outpatient obstetrics and gynecology office of a large, urban, academic medical center in Philadelphia. Exclusion criteria included inability to read English or age less than 14 years. Surveys queried participant demographics, knowledge about and opinions of IUD. The authors performed exploratory bi‐variable analysis using t tests and chi‐square testing to determine which outcomes differed by age and race. For those differing significantly, the authors performed regression analysis to assess for confounding by other factors.ResultsOf 1366 women approached, 521 completed the survey (38% response rate). After controlling for confounding, only responses to the statement ‘Hormonal birth control is safe and effective’ differed significantly by age. Knowledge about IUD did not differ significantly by race, but black women were significantly more likely to perceive that they had insufficient knowledge about IUD compared to white women (odds ratio [OR]: 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–3.46). Black women had a more negative opinion of IUD safety (OR: 5.0; 95% CI: 2.35–10.66) and reliability (OR: 5.5; 95% CI: 2.20–14.13) than white women.ConclusionAttitudes and knowledge about IUD do not differ significantly by age. While knowledge about IUD is similar between races, black women may have more negative opinions of IUD.
Threatened uterine rupture following laparoscopic surgery in interstitial tubal pregnancy
Authors: Arakaki Yoshihisa , Mekaru Keiko , Shimoji Yuko , Nakamura Rie , Miyagi Maho , Aoki Yoichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContraception is recommended for a certain period following a hysterotomy; however, no consensus exists on the required duration of contraception. A 21‐year‐old female was brought to the emergency room in a state of shock due to intraperitoneal bleeding. An emergency laparoscopic cornuostomy indicated for ruptured interstitial pregnancy was performed. Despite contraception, the patient got pregnant 1.5 months after surgery. At 16 weeks of gestation, threatened uterine rupture was suspected, as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed hematogenous amniotic fluid and a subchorionic hematoma near the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube. An MRI at 21 weeks showed hematoma shrinkage and disappearance of the hematogenous amniotic fluid. At 37 weeks, an elective cesarean section was performed, which resulted in a live birth. Pregnancy shortly after surgery is a risk factor for uterine rupture. In such cases, MRI could be useful in the evaluation of threatened uterine ruptures.
Case report of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a fetus detected by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bao Zhongkun , Deng Meixiang , Zou Yu , Wang Hongzhu , Liang Jiawei , Mi Yanhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease, and the diagnosis of LCH is mainly based on clinical manifestation, imaging and pathological examinations. But during pregnancy, imaging examinations especially play an important role in the diagnosis and prognostic assessment of fetal LCH. Up to now, there has been no report about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of fetal LCH. We reported a 32‐year‐old woman at 36 weeks' gestation took fetal MRI because of fetal anomalies diagnosed by ultrasonography. On the fetus's MR images, the thymus was slightly enlarged with smooth or lobulated contour in supra anterior mediastinum, displayed heterogeneous signals and contained multiple small cysts on T2WI. Innumerable irregular nodules and patchy shadows were present throughout both lungs. Pulmonary lesions were bilateral and diffuse with relative sparing of the costophrenic angles. The margins of these lesions were fluffy and indistinct. These lesions showed heterogeneous signals on T2WI. MRI showed no lesions in skin region. After birth, lots of round or oval skin lesions distributed all over the baby's body presenting as ulcerated or blister‐like rashes. The chest computer tomography (CT) showed punctate calcification and heterogeneous enhancement in the thymus and bilateral diffuse reticular or reticulonodular opacities in both lungs with fluffy and indistinct margins. Pathological finding was consistent with LCH. Through reporting MRI features of LCH in one fetus, this study aims to improve awareness of fetal LCH in radiologists and clinicians, to improve the prenatal diagnostic rate of this disorder.
fMRI in Bell's Palsy: Cortical Activation is Associated with Clinical Status in the Acute and Recovery Phases
Authors: Calistri Valentina , Mancini Patrizia , Raz Eytan , Nicastri Maria , Tinelli Emanuele , Russo Francesca Yoshie , Fiorelli Marco , De Seta Elio , Carpentieri Daniele , De Vincentiis Marco , Caramia Francesca 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEUsing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we explored cortical activation in patients with acute Bell's palsy (BP) and analyzed its correlates with clinical status in the acute phase, and with 6‐month outcome.METHODSTwenty‐four right‐handed patients with acute BP within 15 days of onset and 24 healthy controls underwent fMRI during performance of unilateral active (hemi‐smiling) and passive lip movement tasks with both the paretic and the normal lip. The degree of paresis was evaluated during the acute stage and at the 6‐month follow up using the House‐Brackmann (HB) grading scale. Complete recovery was defined as HB grade II or less at the end of the 6‐month period. The difference in the HB grade (ΔHB) between the acute stage and the 6‐month follow up was used to evaluate clinical improvement.RESULTSThere were 24 patients with unilateral acute BP. HB grades ranged from III to VI. At 6 months, 11 patients (46%) had completely recovered and 12 (50%) were partially improved. Compared with healthy subjects, BP patients had a significantly greater activation of the frontal areas and the insula ipsilateral to the paretic side. In BP patients, there was an inverse correlation between the activation of the ipsilateral hemisphere when moving the paretic side and the degree of paresis at baseline. An association was also observed between activation and clinical outcome (both complete recovery and ΔHB).CONCLUSIONSIn patients with BP, fMRI may represent a useful tool to predict long‐term outcome, guide therapeutic approach, and monitor treatment response.
Early Head Computed Tomography Abnormalities Associated with Elevated Intracranial Pressure in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Murray Nick M. , Wolman Dylan N. , Mlynash Michael , Threlkeld Zachary D. , Christensen Soren , Heit Jeremy J. , Harris Odette A. , Hirsch Karen G. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIntracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is recommended in severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), yet invasive monitoring has risks, and many patients do not develop elevated ICP. Tools to identify patients at risk for ICP elevation are limited. We aimed to identify early radiologic biomarkers of ICP elevation.METHODSIn this retrospective study, we analyzed a prospectively enrolled cohort of patients with a sTBI at an academic level 1 trauma center. Inclusion criteria were nonpenetrating TBI, age ≥16 years, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤8, and presence of an ICP monitor. Two independent reviewers manually evaluated 30 prespecified features on serial head computed tomography (CTs). Patient characteristics and radiologic features were correlated with elevated ICP. The primary outcome was clinically relevant ICP elevation, defined as ICP ≥ 20 mm Hg on at least 5 or more hourly recordings during postinjury days 0‐7 with concurrent administration of an ICP‐lowering treatment.RESULTSAmong 111 sTBI patients, the median GCS was 6 (interquartile range 3‐8), and 45% had elevated ICP. Features associated with elevated ICP were younger age (every 10‐year decrease, odds ratio [OR] 1.4), modified Fisher scale (mFS) score at 0‐4 hours postinjury (every 1 point, OR 1.8), and combined volume of contusional hemorrhage and peri‐hematoma edema (10 ml, OR 1.2) at 4‐18 hours postinjury.CONCLUSIONSYounger age, mFS score, and volume of contusion are associated with ICP elevation in patients with a sTBI. Imaging features may stratify patients by their risk of subsequent ICP elevation.
Disrupting the Disruptors or Enhancing Them? How Blockchain Reshapes Two‐Sided Platforms
Authors: Trabucchi Daniel , Moretto Antonella , Buganza Tommaso , MacCormack Alan 
Published: November 2020

The importance of platform‐based businesses in the modern economy is growing continuously and becoming increasingly relevant. Specifically, the deployment of digital technologies has enhanced the applicability of two‐sided business models, enabling companies to act not just as builders and owners of assets, but also as orchestrators of external resources. Management research has, therefore, focused increasingly on the unique aspects of this model. At the center of a two‐sided platform there is a platform provider that enables a transaction between the sides, reducing the relative transaction costs. However, in recent years, a new technology emerged that challenges some of the underlying assumptions of this model: the blockchain. Blockchain enables the creation of a peer‐to‐peer network that is able to authenticate transactions, upon which applications and services may be built. It allows users to conduct transactions without the need for a central platform.We explore how blockchain technology reshapes two‐sided platforms, focusing in particular on the role of the platform provider. The research is based upon multiple case studies, using an inductive approach to explore this emerging phenomenon. Our findings show there is a significant shift in the role of the central player that links the two sides of a transaction using blockchain. We frame this as a shift from a “platform provider” to a “service provider,” leveraging the blockchain as a Platform‐as‐a‐Service. Our work examines the peculiarities of this model, unveiling new dynamics in these businesses. Specifically, we show that different variables must be considered to classify two‐sided platforms using blockchain. Furthermore, the essential characteristics of two‐sided platforms must also be enlarged. For example, traditional platform theories emphasize the importance of cross‐side network externalities in creating value. In blockchain‐enabled platforms however, we show the use of “tokens” play a key role in creating different types of externalities between the two sides.
Baseline Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity Interact to Predict Executive Functions in Low‐Income Children
Authors: Braren Stephen H. , Brandes‐Aitken Annie , Perry Rosemarie E. , Williams Kevon , Lyons Krystalle , Rowe‐Harriott Sashana , Blair Clancy 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTWe examined interactions between baseline hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity in relation to executive functions (EF) in a sample (n = 1,005) of children in low wealth, nonurban communities at age 48 months. Salivary cortisol and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) represented baseline HPA axis and PNS activity, respectively. The interaction between RSA and cortisol predicted EF such that children with either lower RSA and lower cortisol, or higher RSA and higher cortisol had higher EF scores. These findings suggest a potential compensatory relation in which the PNS and HPA axis counterbalance each other to support cognition.
Well‐being curriculum for anesthesiology residents: Development, processes, and preliminary outcomes
Authors: Janosy Norah R. , Beacham Abbie , Vogeli Jo , Brainard Alison 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhysician burnout and healthcare worker stress are well‐covered topics in both the medical and lay press. Burnout in physicians can start as early as medical school. Well‐being initiatives, programming, and access to support for all medical professionals are of paramount importance. In 2014, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones for Resident/Fellow Education in Anesthesiology added Professionalism as a milestone. A subcategory of Professionalism includes:A responsibility to maintain personal, emotional, physical, and mental health. This subcategory charges all residency and fellowship programs with establishing a curriculum in well‐being. The development, execution, and evaluation of these programs are left to the individual institutions. In this paper, the development, processes, and preliminary outcomes of a resident well‐being curriculum are presented.
Quantifying Longevity Gaps Using Micro-Level Lifetime Data
Authors: van Berkum Frank , Antonio Katrien , Vellekoop Michel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing flexible Poisson regressions, we analyse a huge micro-level lifetime dataset from a Dutch pension fund, including categorical, continuous and spatial risk factors collected on participants in the fund. The availability of granular lifetime data allows us to quantify the longevity gap between the national population and the fund on the one hand, and between participants within the fund on the other hand. We identify the most important risk factors using statistical criteria that measure the in- and out-of-sample performance of the regression models. We evaluate the financial performance of the models by introducing a novel type of backtest, which selects the risk factors that contribute most to an accurate prediction of future pension liabilities. For this portfolio, the most relevant risk factors (next to age and gender) are the salary, the time spent in disability and working at irregular hours. The resulting personalized mortality risk profiles show substantial differences between the remaining life expectancies for the most-favourable and least-favourable risk profiles. Our method to estimate these longevity gaps will help policymakers to assess wanted and unwanted consequences of longevity risk sharing in pension schemes.