bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double‐faced implication of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells expanded by acute dengue infection via TLR2/MyD88 pathway
Authors: George Junu A. , Park Seong Ok , Choi Jin Young , Uyangaa Erdenebelig , Eo Seong Kug 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDengue infection causes dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs are expanded in patients during dengue infection, and appear to be associated with clinical severity. However, molecular pathways involved in Treg proliferation and the reason for their insufficient control of severe diseases are poorly understood. Here, dengue infection induced the proliferation of functional CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs via TLR2/MyD88 pathway. Surface TLR2 on Tregs was responsible for their proliferation, and dengue‐expanded Tregs subverted in vivo differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells. An additional interesting finding was that dengue‐infected hosts displayed changed levels of susceptibility to other diseases in TLR2‐dependent manner. This change included enhanced susceptibility to tumors and bacterial infection, but highly enhanced resistance to viral infection. Further, the transfer of dengue‐proliferated Tregs protected the recipients from dengue‐induced DHF/DSS and LPS‐induced sepsis. In contrast, dengue‐infected hosts were more susceptible to sepsis, an effect attributable to early TLR2‐dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines. These facts may explain the reason why in some patients, dengue‐proliferated Tregs is insufficient to control DF and DHF/DSS. Also, our observations lead to new insights into Treg responses activated by dengue infection in a TLR2‐dependent manner, which could differentially act on subsequent exposure to other disease‐producing situations.
A Simple, Cost‐effective, and Environmentally Friendly Method for Determination of Ciprofloxacin in Drugs and Urine Samples Based on Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence
Authors: Pavão e Pavão Daniele , Nascimento Botelho Chirlene , Nunes Fernandes Ridvan , Costa dos Santos Clenilton , Santos Damos Flavio , de Cássia Silva Luz Rita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCiprofloxacin is an antibiotic that belongs to the class of drugs known as quinolones and it is frequently used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. The present work aims the development of a simple, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly method for the determination of ciprofloxacin in drugs and artificial urine samples due to the high importance of this antibiotic for the human health. The proposed method is based on the electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) resulting from the reaction between the ciprofloxacin and the tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) complex. This method exploits a screen‐printed carbon electrode positioned in an ECL cell with capacity to 50 μL of electrolytic solution. The ECL intensity was monitored with the aid of a photodiode. The ECL signal was simultaneously registered to the voltammetric measurements. Under optimized experimental conditions, the ECL method presented a linear response range for ciprofloxacin between 0.5 and 500 μmol L−1 (or 0.0005 and 0.5 mmol L−1). The proposed method presented a detection limit of 0.5 μmol L−1 and it was successfully applied for the ciprofloxacin determination in drugs and artificial urine samples, with good accuracy and precision.
Exploring linkages between unlearning and human resource development: Revisiting unlearning cases
Authors: Park Sunyoung , Kim Eun‐Jee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to review unlearning cases and to identify and suggest what roles human resource development (HRD) can play in the unlearning process. By adopting the unlearning process model (Cegarra‐Navarro, Eldridge, & Wensley, 2014), four unlearning cases were revisited and analyzed. All of the cases showed that the organizations engaged in the overall unlearning process, initiated unlearning to promote the necessary changes, and reinforced new knowledge, skills, and routines employees needed to acquire after unlearning. The findings illustrate that HRD can play a role in supporting employees' awareness of the need for change in the unlearning process, facilitate the processes of discarding obsolete routines, and promote relearning new knowledge.
Evaluation of a Bayesian Network for Strengthening the Weight of Evidence to Predict Acute Fish Toxicity from Fish Embryo Toxicity Data
Authors: Lillicrap Adam , Moe S Jannicke , Wolf Raoul , Connors Kristin A , Rawlings Jane M , Landis Wayne G , Madsen Anders , Belanger Scott E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The use of fish embryo toxicity (FET) data for hazard assessments of chemicals, in place of acute fish toxicity (AFT) data, has long been the goal for many environmental scientists. The FET test was first proposed as a replacement to the standardized AFT test nearly 15 y ago, but as of now, it has still not been accepted as a standalone replacement by regulatory authorities such as the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). However, the ECHA has indicated that FET data can be used in a weight of evidence (WoE) approach, if enough information is available to support the conclusions related to the hazard assessment. To determine how such a WoE approach could be applied in practice has been challenging. To provide a conclusive WoE for FET data, we have developed a Bayesian network (BN) to incorporate multiple lines of evidence to predict AFT. There are 4 different lines of evidence in this BN model: 1) physicochemical properties, 2) AFT data from chemicals in a similar class or category, 3) ecotoxicity data from other trophic levels of organisms (e.g., daphnids and algae), and 4) measured FET data. The BN model was constructed from data obtained from a curated database and conditional probabilities assigned for the outcomes of each line of evidence. To evaluate the model, 20 data-rich chemicals, containing a minimum of 3 AFT and FET test data points, were selected to ensure a suitable comparison could be performed. The results of the AFT predictions indicated that the BN model could accurately predict the toxicity interval for 80% of the chemicals evaluated. For the remaining chemicals (20%), either daphnids or algae were the most sensitive test species, and for those chemicals, the daphnid or algal hazard data would have driven the environmental classification. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:452–460. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
Evaluation of Environmental Pollution and Microbial Treatment of Shallow Groundwater in El Omayed Area, Egypt
Authors: Hagagg Kamilia , Hosny Mohamed , Hussien Rasha , Rahman Marwa Abdel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the last few years, the northwestern coastal zone of Egypt has been affected by many stresses that impact its water resources, leading to undesirable consequences related to water quantity and quality. This paper aims to evaluate the possible contamination sources of shallow aquifers in the El-Omayed area, Egypt, that are causing its deterioration; this was achieved through an integration of hydrochemical and isotopic techniques, an assessment of the undesirable consequences of potential toxic metals (PTMs) on human health risk as a result of direct water consumption, and finally, the application of biological treatment in the remediation of some metal contamination. The chemical composition, environmental isotopes (δ18O and δ2H), and microbial analyses were analyzed from 13 collected water samples. Approximately 20% of the groundwater samples were classified as fresh water, and the rest were classified as slightly saline to moderately saline. Stable isotopes proved the contribution of the El Sheikh Zoied canal (which is mainly recharged from the Nile system) as a recharge source. The toxicity of PTMs (Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Pb, Zn, B, and Fe) was evaluated on the basis of their exceedance values. It was proven that the majority of the groundwater samples were contaminated, which might be attributed to natural and anthropogenic actions in the study area; however, according to human health risk exposure assessment calculations, there is no human cancer risk posed via ingestion of drinking groundwater. The total bacterial count was determined for all water samples; autochthonous microorganisms were capable of removing heavy metals in the polluted water sample. The bacterial strain M52, which was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, showed the best results, by removing 75% and 65% of the initial concentrations of Fe and B, respectively. The results indicate that this bacterial strain may be useful and represents an environmentally friendly method to remove pollutants and heavy metals from contaminated water. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:461–471. © 2020 SETAC
Metal chalcogenides for potassium storage
Authors: Zhou Jingwen , Liu Ye , Zhang Shilin , Zhou Tengfei , Guo Zaiping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPotassium‐based energy storage technologies, especially potassium ion batteries (PIBs), have received great interest over the past decade. A pivotal challenge facing high‐performance PIBs is to identify advanced electrode materials that can store the large‐radius K+ ions, as well as to tailor the various thermodynamic parameters. Metal chalcogenides are one of the most promising anode materials, having a high theoretical specific capacity, high in‐plane electrical conductivity, and relatively small volume change on charge/discharge. However, the development of metal chalcogenides for PIBs is still in its infancy because of the limited choice of high‐performance electrode materials. However, numerous efforts have been made to conquer this challenge. In this article, we overview potassium storage mechanisms, the technical hurdles, and the optimization strategies for metal chalcogenides and highlight how the adjustment of the crystalline structure and choice of the electrolyte affect the electrochemical performance of metal‐chalcogenide‐based electrode materials. Other potential potassium‐based energy storage systems to which metal chalcogenides can be applied are also discussed. Finally, future research directions focusing on metal chalcogenides for potassium storage are proposed.image
Extracellular vesicles in toxicological studies: key roles in communication between environmental stress and adverse outcomes
Authors: Qin Yifei , Long Li , Huang Qiansheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExternal stressors, especially environmental toxicants can disturb biological homeostasis and thus lead to adverse health effects. However, there is limited understanding of how cells directly exposed to stressors transmit the signals to cells indirectly in contact with stressors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are receiving increasing attention as signal transductors between various types of cells in organisms. Cargo in EVs, including RNAs, proteins, lipids, and other signal molecules can be transferred between cells and become critical determining factors of intercellular communication. EVs can be a powerful mediator of environmental stimuli. It has been shown that external stressors reshape the secretion of EVs, modify the composition of EVs, and thus influence the mediating function of EVs. These abnormal EVs can lead to dysfunction of recipient cells, and even the pathogenesis of diseases. In this review, we first summarized current knowledge about the responses of EVs to external stimuli, including chemicals and chemical mixtures. Then we explained how these altered EVs regulate signal pathways in recipient cells, thus mediating physio‐pathological responses in detail. The most up‐to‐date evidence from molecular, cellular, animal and human levels was synthesized to systematically address the mediating roles of EVs. EVs can be regarded as a bridge to link external stressors and internal response. Further toxicological and molecular epidemiological studies are expected to provide further insight into the roles of EVs in toxicology. The gaps in the engulfment of toxicants into EVs are listed as the priority to be solved in future studies.
Low skeletal muscle mass and postoperative morbidity in surgical oncology: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Weerink Linda B.M. , van der Hoorn Anouk , van Leeuwen Barbara L. , de Bock Geertruida H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia might function as an indicator for frailty, and as such as a risk factor for the development of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to meta‐analyse the relation between preoperative sarcopenia and the development of severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing oncological surgery.MethodsPubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched from inception until May 2018. Included were studies reporting on the incidence of severe postoperative complications and radiologically determined preoperative sarcopenia. Studies reporting the skeletal muscle as a continuous variable only were excluded. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Random effect meta‐analyses were applied to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for severe postoperative complications, defined as Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥3, including 30‐day mortality. Heterogeneity was evaluated with I2 testing. Analyses were performed overall and stratified by measurement method, tumour location and publication date.ResultsA total of 1924 citations were identified, and 53 studies (14 295 patients) were included in the meta‐analysis. When measuring the total skeletal muscle area, 43% of the patients were sarcopenic, versus 33% when measuring the psoas area. Severe postoperative complications were present in 20%, and 30‐day mortality was 3%. Preoperative sarcopenia was associated with an increased risk of severe postoperative complications (ORpooled: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.24–16.8, P<0.001, I2=55%) and 30‐day mortality (ORpooled: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.46–3.17, P<0.001, I2=14%). A low psoas mass was a stronger predictor for severe postoperative complications compared with a low total skeletal muscle mass (ORpooled: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.37–3.09, ORpooled: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14–1.53, respectively) and 30‐day mortality [ORpooled: 6.17 (95% CI: 2.71–14.08, ORpooled: 1.80 (95% CI: 1.24–2.62), respectively]. The effect was independent of tumour location and publication date.ConclusionsThe presence of low psoas mass prior to surgery, as an indicator for sarcopenia, is a common phenomenon and is a strong predictor for the development of postoperative complications. The presence of low total skeletal muscle mass, which is even more frequent, is a less informative predictor for postoperative complications and 30‐day mortality. The low heterogeneity indicates that the finding is consistent over studies. Nevertheless, the value of sarcopenia relative to other assessments such as frailty screening is not clear. Research is needed in order to determine the place of sarcopenia in future preoperative risk stratification.
Psychological correlates of interest in genetic testing among Korean American adoptees and their parents
Authors: Cai Jieyi , Kim Adam Y. , Lee Richard M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdopted persons increasingly have turned to genetic testing to obtain health information or to search for birth family. The present study investigated psychological factors that may contribute to interest among adoptees and their parents in genetic testing for the adoptee, including adoptees' ethnic identity development, their thoughts or curiosity about birth family (birth family thoughts), and the interaction of these two factors. Data were drawn from the second wave of a longitudinal study, conducted in 2014, on transracially, transnationally adopted Korean American adolescents and their adoptive parents. In a sample of 106 adolescent–parent dyads, 2 adolescents (1.89%) had undergone genetic testing. Among the dyads in which adolescents had not sought genetic testing, 47.12% of adolescents and 43.27% of parents indicated interest in genetic testing for the adolescent adoptee. Adolescents' interest in genetic testing was independent from parents' interest. Neither adolescent psychological adjustment nor physical health was related to interest in genetic testing in either adolescents or parents. Adolescents' birth family thoughts were related to adolescents' interest in genetic testing, but not to parents' interest in genetic testing for their child. This study showed ethnic identity exploration and resolution moderated the relationship between birth family thoughts and adolescents' interest in genetic testing. Results point to the relevance of birth family thoughts and identity development to genetic testing in transnational and transracial adolescent adoptees.
GITR differentially affects lung effector T cell subpopulations during influenza virus infection
Authors: Chu Kuan-Lun , Batista Nathalia V. , Girard Mélanie , Law Jaclyn C. , Watts Tania H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Tissue resident memory T cells (Trm) are critical for local protection against reinfection. The accumulation of T cells in the tissues requires a post-priming signal from TNFR superfamily members, referred to as signal 4. Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR; TNFRSF18) signaling is important for this post-priming signal and for Trm formation during respiratory infection with influenza virus. As GITR signaling impacts both effector T cell accumulation and Trm formation, we asked if GITR differentially affects subsets of effector cells with different memory potential. Effector CD4+ T cells can be subdivided into 2 populations based on expression of lymphocyte antigen 6C (Ly6C), whereas effector CD8+ cells can be divided into 3 populations based on Ly6C and CX3CR1. The Ly6Chi and CX3CR1hi T cell populations represent the most differentiated effector T cells. Upon transfer, the Ly6Clo CD4+ effector T cells preferentially enter the lung parenchyma, compared to the Ly6Chi CD4+ T cells. We show that GITR had a similar effect on the accumulation of both the Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo CD4+ T cell subsets. In contrast, whereas GITR increased the accumulation of all three CD8+ T cell subsets defined by CX3CR1 and Ly6C expression, it had a more substantial effect on the least differentiated Ly6Clo CX3CR1lo subset. Moreover, GITR selectively up-regulated CXCR6 on the less differentiated CX3CR1lo CD8+ T cell subsets and induced a small but significant increase in CD127 selectively on the Ly6Clo CD4+ T cell subset. Thus, GITR contributes to accumulation of both differentiated effector cells as well as memory precursors, but with some differences between subsets.
Analyzing the epidemiological outbreak of COVID‐19: A visual exploratory data analysis approach
Authors: Dey Samrat K. , Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Siddiqi Umme R. , Howlader Arpita 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is an obvious concern globally regarding the fact about the emerging coronavirus 2019 novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) as a worldwide public health threat. As the outbreak of COVID‐19 causes by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) progresses within China and beyond, rapidly available epidemiological data are needed to guide strategies for situational awareness and intervention. The recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 emphasizes the importance of analyzing the epidemiological data of this novel virus and predicting their risks of infecting people all around the globe. In this study, we present an effort to compile and analyze epidemiological outbreak information on COVID‐19 based on the several open datasets on 2019‐nCoV provided by the Johns Hopkins University, World Health Organization, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission, and DXY. An exploratory data analysis with visualizations has been made to understand the number of different cases reported (confirmed, death, and recovered) in different provinces of China and outside of China. Overall, at the outset of an outbreak like this, it is highly important to readily provide information to begin the evaluation necessary to understand the risks and begin containment activities.
Brain fog in postural tachycardia syndrome: An objective cerebral blood flow and neurocognitive analysis
Authors: Wells Rachel , Paterson Felix , Bacchi Stephen , Page Amanda , Baumert Mathias , Lau Dennis H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear whether brain fog is related to impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) in postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) patients.MethodsWe assessed CBF in the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) using transcranial Doppler with visual stimuli in 11 POTS and 8 healthy subjects in the seated position, followed by neurocognitive testing.ResultsCBF parameters were similar between the two groups. POTS patients demonstrated significantly longer latency in delayed match to sample response time and greater errors in attention switching task.ConclusionsImpaired short‐term memory and alertness may underlie the symptom of brain fog in POTS patients, despite normal CBF.
Detection of rice plant diseases based on deep transfer learning
Authors: Chen Junde , Zhang Defu , Nanehkaran Yaser A , Li Dele 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs the primary food for nearly half of the world's population, rice is cultivated almost all over the world, especially in Asian countries. However, the farmers and planting experts have been facing many persistent agricultural challenges for centuries, such as different diseases of rice. The severe rice diseases may lead to no harvest of grains; therefore, a fast, automatic, less expensive and accurate method to detect rice diseases is highly desired in the field of agricultural information.RESULTSIn this article, we study the deep learning approach for solving the task since it has shown outstanding performance in image processing and classification problem. Combining the advantages of both, the DenseNet pre‐trained on ImageNet and Inception module were selected to be used in the network, and this approach presents a superior performance with respect to other state‐of‐the‐art methods. It achieves an average predicting accuracy of no less than 94.07% in the public dataset. Even when multiple diseases were considered, the average accuracy reaches 98.63% for the class prediction of rice disease images.CONCLUSIONSThe experimental results prove the validity of the proposed approach, and it is accomplished efficiently for rice disease detection. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The effects of source resolution on resolution enhancement through shifted superimposition projection
Authors: Jervell Hansen Svein Arne , Hardeberg Jon Yngve , Nadeem Akram Muhammad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResolution in a projected display is traditionally defined by the number of pixels in the projector's spatial light modulator (SLM). In recent years, different techniques that increase the resolution on the screen above the number of SLM pixels have gained popularity. In one such technique, called pixel‐shifting or shifted‐superimposition, the display physically shifts every nth frame on the projected screen, and the overlapping pixel grids forms a finer subpixel grid with a higher pixel count.There is still an open question how much this method increases the resolution and how to quantify it. The resolution on the screen also depends upon the resolution of the input image fed to the projector.In this work, we experimentally investigate how the projector performs with resolution enhancement through pixel‐shifting and how this method relates to the source resolution. We also investigate some known methods of resolution measurement and evaluate how these methods perform for the shifted‐superimposition case.We find that the resolution enhancement through shifted‐superimposition enhances the resolution to about 40% over native resolution, and we also find two different measurement methods (grille contrast and least resolvable line pair method) that is relevant for effectively measuring resolution within such systems.