bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture and COVID-19: Don’t Throw Your Elderly Away!
Authors: Melton Robert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Enormous differences exist in rates of death from COVID-19 in countries around the world. Collectivist cultures and countries are characterized by concern for culture and country to a greater extent than for self-interest, whereas the reverse is true for individualistic cultures and countries. In light of this cultural difference, and suggestive evidence that cultures known for their collectivist orientation are more likely to have near-universal compliance with infection-preventive behaviors such as public mask-wearing and less likely to place their elderly in nursing homes (which account for a high proportion of deaths in individualistic countries such as the US, Canada, and the UK), we hypothesized that death per million (DPM) rates would be significantly lower for collectivist countries than individualistic countries. We categorized every country for which there are collectivist-individualistic scores and split the countries into two groups as defined by Hofstede’s (1980) cut-offs. As predicted, the DPM rate for collectivist countries was significantly lower than for individualistic countries. Furthermore, an analysis of covariance controlling for median age showed that the alternative explanation that the observed difference could be accounted for in terms of the significantly lower average age of citizens of collectivist countries was implausible. Implications in areas related to reopening schools, etc., and directions for future research are discussed.
Investigation and Analysis of the Sub-health Status of the Members of the Medical Team Aiding Wuhan During the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Outbreak
Authors: Zhang Meixian , Chen Haoyuan , Huang Chen , Li Xia , Xu Dihui , Li Jie , Liu Qian , Xu Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: To understand the sub-health status of the medical team members of the aid to Wuhan during the outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China, to analyze the possible influencing factors that cause the sub-health status, and to provide a theoretical basis for scientifically maintaining and improving the physical and mental health of the medical team members.Methods: 131 members of the military medical team aiding Wuhan who were treating patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia were selected as subjects in the survey, and a questionnaire on the sub-health influencing factors was designed. After the medical treatment task, the SHMS V1.0 was used for assessment.Results: The sub-health detection rate of the medical team members was 76.3%, and the overall sub-health rating scale score was (69.11 ± 10.20) points. The scores of the three subscales of physiology, psychology, and society are (71.16 ± 11.30) points, (67.99 ± 13.51) points, and (67.41 ± 12.31) points, respectively. Work pressure, family structure, frustration, and diet may be the influence factors of the sub-health. Conclusion: During the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, factors such as high-intensity work, non-nuclear families, low hobbies, and irregular diet may lead to the sub-healthy state of the members of the medical aid team in Wuhan. Reasonable arrangements for work and rest, maintaining harmonious family relations, focusing on the development of interests and hobbies, and healthy and regular diet, will help maintain and improve the health of medical team members, consolidate and maintain the combat effectiveness of medical team members, and complete epidemic prevention and control tasks with high quality and efficiency.
Four New Keratinophyton Species (Onygenaceae) From Europe
Authors: Labuda Roman , Bernreiter Andreas , Hochenauer Doris , Schüller Christoph , Kubatova Alena 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Four new Keratinophyton species (Ascomycota: Pezizomycotina, Onygenales), K. gollerae, K. lemmensii, K. straussii and K. wagneri, isolated from soil samples originating from Europe (Austria, Italy and Slovakia) are described and illustrated. The new taxa are well supported by phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) region, the nuclear large subunit (LSU) rDNA, and their phenotype. Within the Keratinophyton clade, K. lemmensii is clustered with K. durum, K. hubeiense, K. submersum and K. siglerae, while K. gollerae, K. straussii and K. wagneri are resolved in a separate terminal cluster along with K. minutisporosum. All four new species can be well distinguished from the other asexual taxa in the genus Keratinophyton based on phenotypical characteristics alone. Ten new combinations are proposed for all other Chrysosporium asexual morphs which are resolved in the monophyletic Keratinophyton clade.
Aneuploid Abortion Positively Correlate With MAD1 Overexpression and mir125b Depression
Authors: Zhao Juan , Li Hui , Li Haibo , Chen Guangxin , Du LiJun , Xu Peiyan , Zhang Xiaoli , Cao Tiansheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Aneuploid is the most frequent cause of early embryo abortion, and any defect in chromosome segregation would fail to satisfy spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) during mitosis, which could lead to the halted metaphase and aneuploid occurrence. Mitotic checkpoint complex(MCC), a complex compound of MAD1、MAD2、Cdc20、BUBR1 and BUB3, plays an important role in SAC activation. Studies have confirmed that the overexpression of MAD2 and BUBR1 can facilitate the correct chromosome segregation and embryo stability. Research identifications also proved that miR-125b negatively regulated MAD1 expression by binding to its 3’UTR. However, the expression of mir125b, MAD1 and BUB3 genes in aneuploidy embryos of spontaneous abortion has not been reported.Methods: In this study, embryonic villi from miscarriage pregnant women were collected and divided into two groups (aneuploidy and euploidy) by HLPA and FISH analysis. The RNA levels of mir125b, MAD1 and BUB3 were detected through QRT-PCR, while Western blot was further used to analyze the protein levels of MAD1 and BUB3.Results: SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis(P<0.05) showed that mir125b and BUB3 were significantly down-regulated in aneuploidy group compared to the control group, MAD1 was significantly up-regulated in RNA level; Additionally, MAD1 protein level was also significantly higher while BUB3 was mildly increased in aneuploidy abortion villus. Correlation analysis revealed that the expression of MAD1 was negatively correlated with Mir125b.Conclusion: these results suggested that aneuploid abortion was positively correlated with MAD1 overexpression which might be caused by insufficient mir125b.
Fingerprint Analysis of Phenolic Acid Extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza by Digital Reference Standard Analyzer With One or Two Reference Standards
Authors: Wang Qingjun , Yu Xinlan , Sun Lei , Tian Runtao , He Huaizhen , Wang Sicen , Ma Shuangcheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Fingerprint analysis and simultaneous multi-components determination are crucial for the holistic quality control of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Yet, reference standards (RS) are often commercially unavailable and with other shortages, which severely impede the application of these technologies. Methods: A digital reference standard (DRS) strategy and the corresponding software called DRS analyzer, which supports chromatographic algorithms, spectrum algorithms, and the combination of these algorithms, was developed. The extensive function also enabled the DRS analyzer to recommend the chromatographic column based on big data.Results: Various quality control methods of fingerprints of 11 compounds in polyphenolic acid extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza) were developed based on DRS analyzer, involving relative retention time (RRT) method, linear calibration using two reference substances (LCTRS) technique, RRT combined with Photon Diode Array (PDA) method, LCTRS combined with PDA method. Additionally, the column database of samples was established. Finally, our data demonstrated that the DRS analyzer could accurately identify 11 compounds of the samples, using only one or two physical RSs. Conclusions: The DRS strategy is an automated, intelligent, objective, accurate, eco-friendly, universal, sharing, and promising method for overall quality control of TCMs that requires the usage of fewer RSs.
Cerebral Arterial Air Embolism After Endobronchial Electrocautery: A Case Report and Review of the Literature&nbsp;
Authors: He Yuping , Liu Yuanling , Gao Xinglin , Wang Lihua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Endobronchial electrocautery is a common and safe therapeutic endoscopic treatment for malignant airway obstruction. Cerebral arterial air embolism (CAAE) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of endobronchial electrocautery.Case presentation: We present the first case of cerebral arterial air embolism after endobronchial electrocautery. A 56-year-old male with a pulmonary tumor in the right upper lobe received a repeated endobronchial electrocautery. During the procedure, he experienced unresponsive, hypoxemic, bradycardic and developed tetraplegia. The brain computer tomography showed several cerebral arterial air emboli with low-density spots in the right frontal lobe. He received hyperbaric oxygen therapy with almost full recovery except resident left-sided weakness.Conclusions: General physicians should realize that CAAE can be a possible complication of endobronchial electrocautery. Some measures could be used to prevent this devastating complication: avoiding positive pressure, lowering ventilatory pressures if possible, avoiding advancing the bronchoscope to occlude the bronchus, and using the non-contact technique etc.
Elabela-APLNR Inhibits Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through AMPK/SIRT3/PGC-1α and Akt/Nrf2 Pathways
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Duan Jialin , Huang Shaojie , Hu Dongmei , Chen Haixia , Mu Fei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress has benefits effects for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI). Elabela/APLENR system had showed to be protective against ischemia/reperfusion induced injury in other tissue. However, whether Elabela had protective effects against CI/RI and its possible mechanisms were largely unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Elabela 32 (ELA32) against CI/RI. In vivo, behavioral test, infarct size and brain edema were evaluated on rats middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model after treated by ELA32. In vitro, HT22 cells were subjected to glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and treated with ELA32 in presence of SIRT3-siRNA, or AMPK-siRNA, or Nrf2-siRNA. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, ROS and ATP levels, mitochondrial related proteins and oxidative related cytokines were measured by relative methods.As the results showed, neurological scores, infarct size, brain edema and injury cytokines were improved by ELA32 treatment in rats. Subsequently, we found that ELA32 inhibited cell apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress in a dose dependent manner in brain and HT22 cell. Western blotting results showed that ELA32 induced the deacetylation and phosphorylation of PGC-1α, the expression of Nrf2, SIRT3 and APLNR, and the phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt. Further, the crosstalk relationship between APLNR, SIRT3, AMPK, PGC-1α, Akt and Nrf2 were verified by the specific targeted siRNA transfection. The same effects on APLNR related pathways were also observed in rats.In conclusion, ELA32 improved mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress through regulating APLNR mediated AMPK/SIRT3/PGC-1α pathway and Akt/Nrf2 pathway. These results indicated that ELA32/APLNR system plays some role in central nervous system, and more studies should be performed to confirm these effects.
Experts Prioritize Osteoarthritis Non-Surgical Interventions From Cochrane Systematic Reviews for Translation Into “Evidence4Equity” Summaries.
Authors: Houlding-Braunberger Elizabeth , Petkovic Jennifer , Lebel Nicholas , Tugwell Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: Osteoarthritis carries substantial health and socioeconomic burden, which is particularly marked in marginalised groups. It is imperative that practitioners have ready access to summaries of evidence-based interventions for osteoarthritis that incorporate equity considerations. Summaries of systematic reviews can provide this. The present study surveyed experts to inform the selection of interventions to generate Cochrane Evidence4Equity (E4E) summaries. Methods: We identified 29 non-surgical interventions to prioritise. Key findings from these interventions were summarised and provided to 9 experts in the field of osteoarthritis. Expert participants were asked to rate interventions based on feasibility, health system effects, universality, impact on inequities, and priority for translation into equity based E4E summaries. Results: Expert participants rated land-based exercise highest for priority for translation into an E4E summaries. Conclusion: The survey generated information that can be used to direct and support knowledge translation efforts.
Effect of Qizhu Granule on Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells&nbsp;Capillarization in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced&nbsp;Rats&nbsp;Fibrosis.
Authors: Zhang Rong , Liu Shao Neng , Ma Zheng Ji , Ding Yuan Jia , Liu Min Hui , Zhang Ling , Lu Dong Ying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Qizhu granule, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in clinic as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat liver fibrosis.However, the mechanism underlying its anti-hepatic fibrosis is still not clear. Liver fibrosis accompanied by liver sinusoidal pathological angiogenesis has been highlighted as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic liver disease. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of anti-capillarization of this herbal drug against liver fibrosis.Materials and methods: The liver fibrosis rats model induced by 4-week of intervention with 40% CCl4 was employed in this study. Meanwhile, low, medium and high dose serum containing Qizhu granules were prepared. Liver tissues were acquired, and liver samples were subjected to histological studies.LSECs were isolated from liver fibrosis rats and were routinely cultured for 48h in low, medium and high dose of Qizhu granules-containing serum. The fenestration of LSECs in liver fibrosis rats were observed under scanning electron microscopy. The expression of the endothelial cell surface markers CD31, SE-1 and LSECs integrin ɑVβ3, FAK, p-FAK, Ras, MAPK, p-MAPK were measured by western blot.Results: Compared with the control group, the loss of fenestration of LSECs in the model group increased. After intervention of Qizhu granule-containing serum, the fenestration of the structure of LSECs in liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 increased, especially in the high-dose Qizhu granules group. ompared with the control group, the expression levels of SE-1 and CD31 in LSECs in the model group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression levels of SE-1 and CD31 in LSECs of rats with hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 decreased after the treatment of low, medium and high dose serum containing Qizhu granules (P < 0.05). Among them, the expression levels of SE-1 and CD31 in LSECs of Qizhu granules group decreased with the increase of dosage, showing a dose-dependent relationship to a certain extent. Compared with the normal control group, the expression of integrin ɑVβ3, Ras, p-FAK and p-MAPK protein increased in the LSECs of model group(P <0.05). After treatment with Qizhu granule-containing serum, the expression of integrin ɑVβ3, p-FAK and p-MAPK protein in LSECs of liver fibrosis rats induced by CCl4 were reduced (P <0.05), and the expression of FAK, Ras and MAPK protein decreased ( P> 0.05).Conclusions: Qizhu granule could reduce the loss of fenestration of LSECs, transforming the cell phenotype of LSECs, and ameliorating the pathological remodeling of hepatic sinus capillarization in hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats. It was found that Qizhu granules played an anti-fibrosis role by suppressing the expression of integrin ɑVβ3-FAK-Ras/MAPK signaling pathway of LSECs in CCl4-induced fibrosis rats.
Study of comparative analysis Self-directed Learning and Problem Oriented Learning Sessions in Cardio- Respiratory Physiology.
Authors: palve suchitra Sachin , Palve Sachin Bhaskar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Active learning methods like Self-directed learning and problem oriented learning are considered to be an important methods of learner centred approach of imparting knowledge in under graduate medical curriculum through integrated approach. Aim and objectives: To analyse and compare the efficacy of self-directed learning and problem oriented approach for physiology subject among first year MBBS students. Material and methods: The present study was conducted among 250 students of Phase I MBBS during the year 2019 for physiology course for cardiorespiratory modules. Group A (n=125) was administered with self- directed learning sessions, while group B (n=125) was administered with problem oriented learning session for the same topics. Following each session an objective assessment was conducted for all the topics covered in SDL and POL sessions and was assessed and analysed using unpaired t test.Results: Group A for self-directed learning sessions (group A) of cardiovascular physiology based on the analysis of the marks of objective type assessment; Maximum marks were obtained by 25.6% (32/125); while moderate marks 21.6% (27/125) by the students of Group A. Maximum marks were obtained by 31.2% (39/125) and moderate marks were obtained 47.2% (59/125) by the students for which significant difference in the p values was noted (n=0.008). For SDL sessions of respiratory system module (group A); maximum marks were obtained by 24% (30/125) ; while moderate marks by 23.5% (29/125) of students; for problem oriented sessions maximum marks were obtained by 32.8% (41/125) and moderate marks were obtained by 48% (60/125) students; Significant variations were found in both modules test scores (n=0.008) (n=0.009).The analysis of SDL and POL against the total scores of students in their internal assessment showed considerable differences between students attaining scores 80–89% in SDL and PBL, between 70–79% for both SDL and PBL with p values of =0.0192, and 0.01184, 0.0190, and 0.01179 respectively.Conclusion: Problem oriented learning sessions seems to be more effective way of delivering the concept as compared to self-directed learning sessions. There is a need of time for creating awareness and readiness of the learner for such type of learner centred active learning methods.
Atorvastatin Alleviates Behavioral Symptoms in MPTP-lesioned Mice: Associated With NOX2-mediated Autophagy and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Yan Junqiang , Huang Jiarui , Wu Jiannan , Liu Anran , Shen Mengmeng , Fan Hua , Lai Xiaoyi , Ma Hongxia , Sun Wenjie , Qiao Liang , Yang Jianxue 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. It is characterized by static tremors, stiffness, slow movements, and gait disturbances, but it is also accompanied by anxiety and depression. Our previous study showed that statins, especially atorvastatin, could reduce the risk of PD, but the mechanism is still unclear. Results In this paper, we used an animal model of PD in which depression was determined by a tail suspension test, followed by an elevated plus-maze test to determine anxiety levels, and muscle status was measured by a rotarod test. We found that atorvastatin can increase muscle capacity and the coordination of movement and improved anxiety and depression，which mechanism may be related to decrease the expression of α-synuclein Ser129 and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), and increase the protein expression of LC-3II/LC3-I, and promote autophagy flow. To further confirm that atorvastatin protection was achieved by inhibiting NOX2, we injected the midbrain substratum with NOX2 shRNA (M) lentivirus and found that silent NOX2 produced the same effect as atorvastatin. Further research found that atorvastatin could reduce MPTP-induced oxidative stress damage by increasing Nrf2, NQO-1 and HO-1, while inhibiting NOX2 decreased the antioxidative stress effect of atorvastatin. Conclusions： Our results suggest that atorvastatin can improve muscle capacity, anxiety and depression by inhibiting NOX2, which may be related to NOX2-mediated oxidative stress and autophagy in dopaminergic neurons. Atorvastatin may be identified as a drug that can effectively improve behavioral disorders in PD mice. NOX2 may be a potential gene target for new drug development in PD.
Region-specific Distribution of Olig2-expressing Astrocytes in Adult Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord
Authors: Wang Hui , Wu Zheng , Sambangi Abhijeet , Swaminathan Shreya , Xie Chunming , Chen Gong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Olig2 is an important transcription factor essential for the specification and differentiation of oligodendrocytes as well as astrocytes and neurons during developmental stages. However, Olig2 distribution pattern and its relationship among different types of glial cells in the adult central nervous system (CNS) are not well characterized. Here, we systematically examined Olig2 expression pattern in combination with major markers of neurons and glial cells throughout the brain and spinal cord in the adult mice. As expected, Olig2 is universally expressed in oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), but not in neurons or microglia. Interestingly, we discover a subpopulation of Olig2-positive astrocytes that are highly enriched in some specific regions including the olfactory bulb, thalamus, midbrain, medulla, and spinal cord. Moreover, OPCs have high expression level of Olig2, whereas oligodendrocytes and astrocytes have similar level of Olig2 expression. Our results suggest that a distinct population of Olig2-positive astrocytes are highly concentrated in discrete regions in the adult CNS. Investigating the functional significance of these Olig2+ astrocytes in both resting state and pathological state of the brain and spinal cord may broaden our understanding on astrocytic heterogeneity and functions.
Neurological Manifestations and Neuroimaging Findings of Acute Intermittent Porphyria Patients
Authors: cao jian , han fei , chen qianlong , you hui , zhu tienan , zhao yongqiang , yu xuezhong , zhu huadong , yang jing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an inherited disorder of heme biosynthesis, a porphyric attack can affect the autonomic, peripheral, and central nervous systems. The neurological clinical manifestations of which are incompletely understood. The neuroimaging findings of AIP could be reversible. Methods: In this report, we describe 29 cases of AIP, focusing on neurological clinical features and neuro-imaging. Results: In this study, we showed two cases of PRES, two cases of ODS, two cases of porphyric encephalopathy (cortical laminar necrosis), one case of RESLES. We divided 29 cases into 2 groups ,the blood sodium levels of who with MRI/CT abnormality were significantly lower than which with normal MRI/CT(110±43.15mmol/L and 117±57.02mmol/L, p=0.01).﻿Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, these are the biggest series of MRI in AIP in China, and the only published cases of ODS associated with AIP in China. Hyponatremia may be an important mechanism in porphyric encephalopathy.