bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute peripheral inflammation and post‐traumatic sleep differ between sexes after experimental diffuse brain injury
Authors: Saber Maha , Giordano Katherine R. , Hur Yerin , Ortiz John B. , Morrison Helena , Godbout Jonathan P. , Murphy Sean M. , Lifshitz Jonathan , Rowe Rachel K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIdentifying differential responses between sexes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can elucidate the mechanisms behind disease pathology. Peripheral and central inflammation in the pathophysiology of TBI can increase sleep in male rodents, but this remains untested in females. We hypothesized that diffuse TBI would increase inflammation and sleep in males more so than in females. Diffuse TBI was induced in C57BL/6J mice and serial blood samples were collected (baseline, 1, 5, 7 days post‐injury [DPI]) to quantify peripheral immune cell populations and sleep regulatory cytokines. Brains and spleens were harvested at 7DPI to quantify central and peripheral immune cells, respectively. Mixed‐effects regression models were used for data analysis. Female TBI mice had 77%–124% higher IL‐6 levels than male TBI mice at 1 and 5DPI, whereas IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels were similar between sexes at all timepoints. Despite baseline sex differences in blood‐measured Ly6Chighmonocytes (females had 40% more than males), TBI reduced monocytes by 67% in TBI mice at 1DPI. Male TBI mice had 31%–33% more blood‐measured and 31% more spleen‐measured Ly6G+neutrophils than female TBI mice at 1 and 5DPI, and 7DPI, respectively. Compared with sham, TBI increased sleep in both sexes during the first light and dark cycles. Male TBI mice slept 11%–17% more than female TBI mice, depending on the cycle. Thus, sex and TBI interactions may alter the peripheral inflammation profile and sleep patterns, which might explain discrepancies in disease progression based on sex.
Hemispherectomy in adults and adolescents: Seizure and functional outcomes in 47 patients
Authors: McGovern Robert A. , N. V. Moosa Ahsan , Jehi Lara , Busch Robyn , Ferguson Lisa , Gupta Ajay , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge , Wyllie Elaine , Najm Imad , Bingaman William E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine longitudinal seizure and functional outcomes after hemispherectomy in adults and adolescents.MethodsWe reviewed 47 consecutive patients older than 16 years who underwent hemispherectomy between 1996 and 2016 at our center. Clinical, electroencephalographic (EEG), imaging, neuropsychological, surgical, and functional status data were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐six patients were 18 years or older at surgery; 11 were aged between 16 and 18 years. Brain injury leading to hemispheric epilepsy occurred before 10 years of age in 41 (87%) patients. At a mean follow‐up of 5.3 postoperative years (median = 2.9 years), 36 (77%) had Engel class I outcome. Longitudinal outcome analysis showed 84% seizure freedom (Engel IA) at 6 months, 76% at 2 years, and 76% at 5 years and beyond, with stable longitudinal outcomes up to 12 years from surgery. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that acute postoperative seizures and contralateral interictal spikes at 6‐month follow‐up EEG were associated with seizure recurrence. Patients who could walk unaided preoperatively and had no cerebral peduncle atrophy on brain magnetic resonance imaging were more likely to experience worsening of motor function postoperatively. Otherwise, postoperative ambulatory status and hand function were unchanged. Of the 19 patients who completed neuropsychological testing, 17 demonstrated stable or improved postoperative outcomes.SignificanceHemispherectomy in adults is a safe and effective procedure, with seizure freedom rates and functional outcome similar to those observed in children.
Bilateral multiple oncocytic cysts of the parotid gland in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Soares Ciro D , Carlos Roman , Mota Marcelo V B , de Carvalho Maria G F , de Lima Morais Thayná M , de Almeida Oslei P , Altemani Albina 
Published: November 2019

AimsThe hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. These factors, at the cellular level, are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased glucose uptake. Such events are poorly explored in the context of the salivary glands. In this study, we present a series of eight cases of a distinct salivary gland lesion characterised by multiple oncocytic cysts, and we provide new pathological insights regarding its pathogenesis.Methods and resultsSeven patients (87.5%) had confirmed T2D, and obesity was identified in five (62.5%) patients. Clinically, the patients showed bilateral parotid gland swelling with recurrent episodes of pain and enlargement. Imaging examination revealed multiple cystic lesions in both parotid glands. Microscopically, the parotid glands showed multiple cysts of different sizes, lined by oncocytic epithelial cells. Intraluminally, strongly eosinophilic glass‐like crystalloid material was observed. Immunohistochemical studies were performed, and the most notable finding was glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) overexpression in the oncocytic cysts which is not observed in any other oncocytic lesion of patients without T2D. In addition, high expressions of mitochondrial antigen, fission 1 protein and mitofusin‐2 were observed in the oncocytic epithelium of the cysts. Furthermore, most of the oncocytic cysts showed a pattern of cytokeratin expression consistent with striated ducts.ConclusionsThese results strongly suggest that T2D is associated with alterations in GLUT1 expression in the cells of striated ducts with mitochondrial dysfunction, causing a hyperplastic process characterised by multiple oncocytic cysts. For this lesion, the designation of ‘diabetes‐associated–bilateral multiple oncocytic cysts of the parotid gland’ is proposed.
Prevalence of malocclusion in Chinese schoolchildren from 1991 to 2018: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Min , Xie Congman , Yang Hongmei , Wu Chuanxing , Ren Aishu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalocclusion is a common oral health problem in schoolchildren. Literature describing the prevalence of malocclusion varies substantially across China.AimThis study identified the epidemiological characteristics of malocclusion among Chinese schoolchildren from 1991 to 2018.DesignSix English and Chinese electronic databases were searched through November 2018. The search was supplemented by hand searching to identify relevant surveys. The overall prevalence of malocclusion was estimated by a random‐effects meta‐analysis model, and variations in different groups were assessed by subgroup meta‐analysis.ResultsThirty‐seven eligible articles describing 117 682 samples were investigated. The pooled national prevalence for malocclusion was 47.92% (95% CI: 58.6%‐71.9%). For the Angle classification, the overall prevalence rates were 30.07% (95% CI: 25.37%‐35.48%), 9.91% (95% CI: 7.41%‐13.79%), and 4.76% (95% CI: 3.85%‐6.54%) for Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion, respectively. A deep overbite (16.67%, 95% CI: 11.50%‐23.08%) was shown to be the most common trait of malocclusion. When stratified by sex, males had a slightly higher prevalence than females (RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.06). More importantly, an ascending trend and substantial variations across the country were observed.ConclusionsOur results confirmed that malocclusion has become a serious oral health problem in Chinese schoolchildren, highlighting the need for proactive interventions at an early age. Moreover, high‐quality epidemiological studies on malocclusion are still required.
Factors influencing the local cure rate of hidradenitis suppurativa following wide local excision
Authors: Ngaage Ledibabari M. , Wu Yinglun , Ge Shealinna , Gebran Selim , Liang Fan , Rada Erin M. , Nam Arthur J. , Silverman Ronald P. , Rasko Yvonne M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWide local excision is the gold standard and only potential curative therapy for recalcitrant hidradenitis suppurativa. However, high recurrence rates persist even post‐surgery with little known on the influencing factors for remission. We evaluated the effect of patient, disease, and operative factors on local cure rate of moderate to severe hidradenitis following wide local excision. We performed a retrospective chart review for all patients who had undergone surgical excision of hidradenitis at a university hospital from 2012 to 2018. We identified 79 patients with a total of 220 operative sites. The majority were obese (mean body mass index [BMI] 32.5), female (71%), African‐American (84%), and had a mean age of 31 years. A quarter of operative sites experienced a recurrence (n = 56). Patients who achieved remission had a significantly lower number of affected regions than those who experienced a recurrence (2.3 vs 3.6, P = .0023). Additionally, recurrence rate differed significantly between body locations (P = .0440). Smoking, BMI, Hurley grade, closure method, and excision size did not influence local cure rate. Surgical excision remains a worthy management option for hidradenitis patients with three quarters achieving remission after a single operation. Number of affected regions and location of hidradenitis may play a factor in recurrence.
Ti(C,N)‐based cermets with strengthened interfaces: Roles of secondary cubic carbides
Authors: Xiong Huiwen , Xie Dan , Chen Jinjuan , Chu Shenglin , Gan Xueping , Li Zhiyou , Zhou Kechao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCore‐rim structure, concerning its interface structure and internal stress, plays an important role in mechanical performance of Ti(C,N)‐based cermets. Four types of cermets containing equimolar TaC, VC, ZrC, and NbC were fabricated, in order to reveal the synergetic relationship between core‐rim structure and mechanical properties. VC and ZrC effectively inhibited the grain growth, while TaC and NbC favored for coarser core‐rim grains. A thin distortion layer at the rim‐binder interface was confirmed, formed during the solidifying stage. Compared to the TaC, ZrC and NbC, VC shrunk the lattice parameters of rims and effectively decreased the lattice misfit of the distortion zone from around 4.0%‐0.8%. Cermets containing VC showed satisfactory bending strength of 2099 MPa and toughness of 10. 3 MPa m1/2, owing to the strengthened rim‐binder interface. TaC and NbC exhibited the similar roles in cermets with comparable mechanical properties, while addition of ZrC increased the lattice misfit of core‐rim structure, resulting in poor mechanical performance. Decreased lattice misfit of rim‐binder interface changed the fracture mode of cermets from intergranular to transgranular fracture, with in‐situ formed dimples.
The “doing” or the “being”? Understanding the roles of involvement and social identity in peer‐led addiction support groups
Authors: Taylor Isabel , McNamara Niamh , Frings Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile the efficacy of peer‐led support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) are well established for people recovering from addiction, the “active ingredients” which underpin their efficacy are less understood. Drawing on social identity perspectives, in particular the Social Identity Model of Cessation Maintenance, the current study aimed to explore the relative effects of two possible processes: social identification and involvement with the group's activities. A sample (n = 44) of AA members completed measures pertaining to their social identification with AA, their involvement in the group's activities and their quit efficacy. The findings suggest that AA involvement was significantly related to identity. Mediation analysis revealed a relationship between involvement and efficacy meditated by identity. However, in contrast, the identity‐efficacy link was not mediated by involvement. The findings suggest that social identification with AA is as important as, or more important than, simple involvement in the group's activities. This suggests that group planners and facilitators should therefore encourage opportunities to generate a sense of belonging alongside the activities the group revolve around.
Effect of (R)‐salbutamol on the switch of phenotype and metabolic pattern in LPS‐induced macrophage cells
Authors: Wang Shanping , Liu Fei , Tan Keai Sinn , Ser Hooi‐Leng , Tan Loh Teng‐Hern , Lee Learn‐Han , Tan Wen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEvidence demonstrates that M1 macrophage polarization promotes inflammatory disease. Here, we discovered that (R)‐salbutamol, a β2 receptor agonist, inhibits and reprograms the cellular metabolism of RAW264.7 macrophages. (R)‐salbutamol significantly inhibited LPS‐induced M1 macrophage polarization and downregulated expressions of typical M1 macrophage cytokines, including monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α). Also, (R)‐salbutamol significantly decreased the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), while increasing the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio. In contrast, (S)‐salbutamol increased the production of NO and ROS. Bioenergetic profiles showed that (R)‐salbutamol significantly reduced aerobic glycolysis and enhanced mitochondrial respiration. Untargeted metabolomics analysis demonstrated that (R)‐salbutamol modulated metabolic pathways, of which three metabolic pathways, namely, (a) phenylalanine metabolism, (b) the pentose phosphate pathway and (c) glycerophospholipid metabolism were the most noticeably impacted pathways. The effects of (R)‐salbutamol on M1 polarization were inhibited by a specific β2 receptor antagonist, ICI‐118551. These findings demonstrated that (R)‐salbutamol inhibits the M1 phenotype by downregulating aerobic glycolysis and glycerophospholipid metabolism, which may propose (R)‐salbutamol as the major pharmacologically active component of racemic salbutamol for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and highlight the medicinal value of (R)‐salbutamol.
Normative Power Europe or Capability–expectations Gap? The Performativity of Concepts in the Study of European Foreign Policy
Authors: Larsen Henrik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article argues that the view that theories are constitutive of their object of study is useful for reflecting on the role of theories in the analysis of European foreign policy. A key concept used to study the constitutive role of theories is performativity. The article illustrates its relevance through a study of the use of the concept of a capability–expectations gap. On the basis of this study, the article also makes the point that research on European foreign policy does not unambiguously construct the EU as an ideal power Europe (of which normative power Europe is a part), as the use of the capability–expectations gap concept does not draw on the ideal power Europe discourse. The concept is mainly used as a critical label to describe EU foreign policy and applications of the concept end up by concluding that the EU is an international actor with quasi‐permanent shortcomings.
Association between periodontitis and the risk of inadequate disease control in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under biological treatment
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Hua , Chen Der‐Yuan , Huang Liang‐Gie , Chen Yi‐Ming , Hsieh Chia‐Wei , Hung Wei‐Ting , Tang Kuo‐Tung , Chen Gin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the association between periodontitis (PD) and inadequate disease control (IDC) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving biological therapy.Materials and methodsIn total, 111 RA patients receiving biological therapy for at least 3 months were assessed for periodontal disease at baseline. RA disease activity was assessed at baseline and at 3 months of follow‐up. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between PD and IDC, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, and baseline RA disease activity. An additional exploratory model further controlled for disease characteristics and other medications.ResultsAmong 111 patients, 84 (75.7%) had PD, of whom 37 (44.0%) received periodontal treatment. Thirty‐four (40.5%) of PD patients had IDC; 12 (32.4%) of treated PD patients and 22 (46.8%) of untreated patients had IDC, respectively. The ORs (95% CIs) for IDC were 1.45 (0.50–4.23) in PD patients and 1.84 (0.59–5.76) in untreated PD patients. In the exploratory model, the ORs (95% CIs) for IDC were 5.00 (1.19–21.03) in PD patients and 6.26 (1.34–29.34) in untreated PD patients.ConclusionThis single‐centre, prospective study failed to demonstrate a consistently positive correlation between PD and IDC in RA patients receiving biological treatment.
Lumos for the long trail: Strategies for clinical diagnosis and severity staging for diabetic polyneuropathy and future directions
Authors: Himeno Tatsuhito , Kamiya Hideki , Nakamura Jiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiabetic polyneuropathy, which is a chronic symmetrical length‐dependent sensorimotor polyneuropathy, is the most common form of diabetic neuropathy. Although diabetic polyneuropathy is the most important risk factor in cases of diabetic foot, given its poor prognosis, the criteria for diagnosis and staging of diabetic polyneuropathy has not been established; consequently, no disease‐modifying treatment is available. Most criteria and scoring systems that were previously proposed consist of clinical signs, symptoms and quantitative examinations, including sensory function tests and nerve conduction study. However, in diabetic polyneuropathy, clinical symptoms, including numbness, pain and allodynia, show no significant correlation with the development of pathophysiological changes in the peripheral nervous system. Therefore, these proposed criteria and scoring systems have failed to become a universal clinical end‐point for large‐scale clinical trials evaluating the prognosis in diabetes patients. We should use quantitative examinations of which validity has been proven. Nerve conduction study, for example, has been proven effective to evaluate dysfunctions of large nerve fibers. Baba’s classification, which uses a nerve conduction study, is one of the most promising diagnostic methods. Loss of small nerve fibers can be determined using corneal confocal microscopy and intra‐epidermal nerve fiber density. However, no staging criteria have been proposed using these quantitative evaluations for small fiber neuropathy. To establish a novel diagnostic and staging criteria of diabetic polyneuropathy, we propose three principles to be considered: (i) include only generalizable objective quantitative tests; (ii) exclude clinical symptoms and signs; and (iii) do not restrictively exclude other causes of polyneuropathy.
Discordant patterns of introgression across a narrow hybrid zone between two cryptic lineages of an Iberian endemic newt
Authors: Sequeira Fernando , Bessa‐Silva Adam , Tarroso Pedro , Sousa‐Neves Tiago , Vallinoto Marcelo , Gonçalves Helena , Martínez‐Solano Iñigo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study of natural hybrid zones can illuminate aspects of lineage divergence and speciation in morphologically cryptic taxa. We studied a hybrid zone between two highly divergent but morphologically similar lineages (south‐western and south‐eastern) of the Iberian endemic Bosca's newt (Lissotriton boscai) in SW Iberia with a multilocus dataset (microsatellites, nuclear and mitochondrial genes). STRUCTURE and NEWHYBRIDS analyses retrieved few admixed individuals, which classified as backcrosses involving parental individuals of the south‐western lineage. Our results show asymmetric introgression of mtDNA beyond the contact from this lineage into the south‐eastern lineage. Analysis of nongeographic introgression patterns revealed asymmetries in the direction of introgression, but except for mtDNA, we did not find evidence for nonconcordant introgression patterns across nuclear loci. Analysis of a 150‐km transect across the hybrid zone showed broadly coincident cline widths (ca.3.2–27.9 km), and concordant cline centres across all markers, except for mtDNA that is displacedca.60 km northward. Results from ecological niche modelling show that the hybrid zone is in a climatically homogenous area with suitable habitat for the species, suggesting that contact between the two lineages is unlikely to occur further south as their distributions are currently separated by an extensive area of unfavourable habitat. Taken together, our findings suggest the genetic structure of this hybrid zone results from the interplay of historical (biogeographic) and population‐level processes. The narrowness and coincidence of genetic clines can be explained by weak selection against hybrids and reflect a degree of reproductive isolation that is consistent with cryptic speciation.
Artificial selection for increased dispersal results in lower fitness
Authors: Zwoinska Martyna K. , Larva Tuuli , Sekajova Zuzana , Carlsson Hanne , Meurling Sara , Maklakov Alexei A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDispersal often covaries with other traits, and this covariation was shown to have a genetic basis. Here, we wanted to explore to what extent genetic constraints and correlational selection can explain patterns of covariation between dispersal and key life‐history traits—lifespan and reproduction. A prediction from the fitness‐associated dispersal hypothesis was that lower genetic quality is associated with higher dispersal propensity as driven by the benefits of genetic mixing. We wanted to contrast it with a prediction from a different model that individuals putting more emphasis on current rather than future reproduction disperse more, as they are expected to be more risk‐prone and exploratory. However, if dispersal has inherent costs, this will also result in a negative genetic correlation between higher rates of dispersal and some aspects of performance. To explore this issue, we used the dioecious nematode Caenorhabditis remanei and selected for increased and decreased dispersal propensity for 10 generations, followed by five generations of relaxed selection. Dispersal propensity responded to selection, and females from high‐dispersal lines dispersed more than females from low‐dispersal lines. Females selected for increased dispersal propensity produced fewer offspring and were more likely to die from matricide, which is associated with a low physiological condition in Caenorhabditis nematodes. There was no evidence for differences in age‐specific reproductive effort between high‐ and low‐dispersal females. Rather, reproductive output of high‐dispersal females was consistently reduced. We argue that our data provide support for the fitness‐associated dispersal hypothesis.