bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation behaviour during the β → α/ω phase transformation and its effect on the mechanical performance of a Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si alloy
Authors: Xu Tiewei , Zhang Shanshan , Liang Sen , Cui Ning , Cao Lei , Wan Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe activation energy of the β → α/ω phase transformation increased monotonously with the application of a continuous heating process to a Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si alloy. Precipitation behaviour of the alloy aged at different temperatures were analysed with scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Selected-area diffraction patterns of the ω, ω/α and α phases in the alloy aged at different temperatures indicated that the type of phase transformation was influenced by the precipitation process. Precipitate-free zones in the alloy aged at 450 °C for 8 h were harmful to the mechanical performance. Fine α precipitates with an obvious texture were obtained in the alloy aged at 500 °C. A good combination of tensile properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 1310 MPa and an elongation of 13.5% were obtained due to the expected microstructure and texture of the precipitates that transformed in the specimen when it was aged at 500 °C for 8 h. The size of the precipitates increased with increasing aging temperature. Furthermore, the amount of precipitates and their degree of texture decreased substantially in the alloy aged at 600 °C. The investigation of the tensile properties and fractures also revealed a correlation between the mechanical properties and precipitation behaviour in the Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si alloy aged at different temperatures.
Major Outbreaks in the Nineteenth Century Shaped Grape Phylloxera Contemporary Genetic Structure in Europe
Authors: Tello Javier , Mammerler Roswitha , Čajić Marko , Forneck Astrid 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGrape phylloxera is native to North America, whereVitisspp. acquired different mechanisms of resistance to leaf and root attack. Its appearance in European vineyards at the beginning of the 1860s, where the phylloxera-susceptible grapevine speciesV. viniferaL. is majorly cultivated, caused the devastation of a great number of vineyards, generating a deep crisis in the European wine production and trade industries. However, the origin and genetic structure of this pest across European vineyards still remain controversial and uncertain. Herein, we analysed the genetic structure of 1173 grape phylloxera individuals collected from 100 locations across eight European countries. Structure and phylogenetic analyses show that contemporary grape phylloxera populations in Europe are the result of at least two independent introductions from the native range that mirrors the historical records that also suggest two major outbreaks in Europe. The comparative analysis with samples from the native range trace back one of these two genetic groups to plants imported from the North East coast of North America, where the American speciesV. ripariaandV. labruscadominate. This study clarifies the level of genetic diversity of grape phylloxera in Europe and provides relevant information to resolve previous controversy about its origin.
Combination effect of lapatinib with foretinib in HER2 and MET co-activated experimental esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hassan Md. Sazzad , Williams Fiona , Awasthi Niranjan , Schwarz Margaret A. , Schwarz Roderich E. , Li Jun , von Holzen Urs 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that HER2 and MET receptor tyrosine kinases are co-overexpressed in a subset esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We therefore studied the usefulness of combining HER2 and MET targeting by small-molecule inhibitors lapatinib and foretinib, respectively, both in in-vitro and in-vivo models of experimental EAC. We characterized MET and HER2 activation in a panel of human EAC cell lines, and the differential susceptibility of these EAC cell lines to single agent or combination of foretinib and lapatinib. We then explored the antitumor efficacy with survival advantage following foretinib and lapatinib monotherapy and in combination in murine subcutaneous xenograft and peritoneal metastatic survival models of human EAC. The OE33 EAC cell line with strong expression of phosphorylated both MET and HER2, demonstrated reduced sensitivity to foretinib and lapatinib when used as a single agent. The co-administration of foretinib and lapatinib effectively inhibited both MET and HER2 phosphorylation, enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth by inducing apoptosis, and significantly enhanced mouse overall survival, overcoming single agent resistance. In the OE19 EAC cell line with mainly HER2 phosphorylation, and the ESO51 EAC cell line with mainly MET phosphorylation, profound cell growth inhibition with induction of apoptosis was observed in response to single agent with lack of enhanced growth inhibition when the two agents were combined. These data suggest that combination therapy with foretinib and lapatinib should be tested as a treatment option for HER2 positive patients with MET-overexpressing EAC, and could be a novel treatment strategy for specific EAC patients.
Complete inclusion of bioactive molecules and particles in polydimethylsiloxane: a straightforward process under mild conditions
Authors: Faccio Greta , Cont Alice , Mailand Erik , Zare-Eelanjegh Elaheh , Innocenti Malini Riccardo , Maniura-Weber Katharina , Rossi René M. , Spano Fabrizio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBy applying a slow curing process, we show that biomolecules can be incorporated via a simple process as liquid stable phases inside a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The process is carried out under mild conditions with regards to temperature, pH and relative humidity, and is thus suitable for application to biological entities. Fluorescence and enzymatic activity measurements show that the biochemical properties of the proteins and enzyme tested are preserved, without loss due to adsorption at the liquid-polymer interface. Protected from external stimuli by the PDMS matrix, these soft liquid composite materials are new tools of interest for robotics, microfluidics, diagnostics and chemical microreactors.
Intestinal response to dietary manganese depletion in Drosophila
Authors: Vásquez-Procopio Johana , Osorio Beatriz , Cortés-Martínez Leticia , Hernández-Hernández Fidel , Medina-Contreras Oscar , Ríos-Castro Emmanuel , Comjean Aram , Li Fangge , Hu Yanhui , Mohr Stephanie , Perrimon Norbert , Missirlis Fanis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Manganese is considered essential for animal growth. Manganese ions serve as cofactors to three mitochondrial enzymes: superoxide dismutase (Sod2), arginase and glutamine synthase, and to glycosyltransferases residing in the Golgi. In Drosophila melanogaster, manganese has also been implicated in the formation of ceramide phosphoethanolamine, the insect's sphingomyelin analogue, a structural component of cellular membranes. Manganese overload leads to neurodegeneration and toxicity in both humans and Drosophila. Here, we report specific absorption and accumulation of manganese during the first week of adulthood in flies, which correlates with an increase in Sod2 activity during the same period. To test the requirement of dietary manganese for this accumulation, we generated a Drosophila model of manganese deficiency. Due to the lack of manganese-specific chelators, we used chemically defined media to grow the flies and deplete them of the metal. Dietary manganese depletion reduced Sod2 activity. We then examined gene and protein expression changes in the intestines of manganese depleted flies. We found adaptive responses to the presumed loss of known manganese-dependent enzymatic activities: less glutamine synthase activity (amination of glutamate to glutamine) was compensated by 50% reduction in glutaminase (deamination of glutamine to glutamate); less glycosyltransferase activity, predicted to reduce protein glycosylation, was compensated by 30% reduction in lysosomal mannosidases (protein deglycosylating enzymes); less ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity was compensated by 30% reduction in the Drosophila sphingomyeline phospodiesterase, which could catabolize ceramide phosphoethanolamine in flies. Reduced Sod2 activity, predicted to cause superoxide-dependent iron–sulphur cluster damage, resulted in cellular iron misregulation.
Adipokines as key players in β cell function and failure
Authors: Gómez-Banoy Nicolás , Lo James C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The growing prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic diseases, mainly Type 2 diabetes (T2D), has increased the interest in adipose tissue (AT) and its role as a principal metabolic orchestrator. Two decades of research have now shown that ATs act as an endocrine organ, secreting soluble factors termed adipocytokines or adipokines. These adipokines play crucial roles in whole-body metabolism with different mechanisms of action largely dependent on the tissue or cell type they are acting on. The pancreatic β cell, a key regulator of glucose metabolism due to its ability to produce and secrete insulin, has been identified as a target for several adipokines. This review will focus on how adipokines affect pancreatic β cell function and their impact on pancreatic β cell survival in disease contexts such as diabetes. Initially, the “classic” adipokines will be discussed, followed by novel secreted adipocyte-specific factors that show therapeutic promise in regulating the adipose–pancreatic β cell axis.
Analysis and implementation of a boost DC–DC converter with high voltage gain and continuous input current
Authors: Sedaghati Farzad , Pourjafar Saeed 
Published: November 2019

In this study, a new high‐voltage gain DC–DC converter based on the coupled inductor and voltage lift circuit technique is proposed. In the suggested converter, a high‐voltage conversion ratio is achieved using a low turn's ratio of the coupled inductor which decreases the volume of core. Also, by selecting the low number of turn's ratio of coupled inductors, the peak voltage through the semiconductors is decreased subsequently. Moreover, the voltage lift circuit is utilised for further increasing the voltage gain and clamping the voltage spike through the main power switch. Zero current switching condition of diodes is another merit of the proposed DC–DC converter, which leads to decrease in the reverse recovery losses generated by diodes. Therefore, the overall efficiency can be enhanced. Technical analysis and comparison surveys with similar topologies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested DC–DC converter. Finally, to validate the performance of the proposed structure, a laboratory prototype with a 200 W power level and 25 kHz operating frequency is implemented.
Measured impact of different back‐off points and cooling methods on pulse‐to‐pulse stability and sidelobe level of a high‐power solid‐state amplifier
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Khodarahmi Ehsan , Ebrahimi Emad , Ahmadi Behzad , Jalali Mahdis 
Published: November 2019

Using solid‐state power amplifiers for next generation of weather radars becomes feasible by pulse compression techniques. In this study a 1.5 kW solid‐state power amplifier (transmitter) for C‐band weather radars is designed and fabricated by GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology. An experimental setup based on heterodyne receiver with 16‐bit digitiser is developed to investigate the behavior of the power amplifier under different cooling methods and back‐off points. Several measurements with shaped LFM pulse show an approximately identical pulse to pulse (P2P) stability for 3 dB compression, P1dB and 2 dB back‐off points while the best sidelobe level (SLL) is achieved for 2 dB back‐off point. To study the effect of different cooling techniques on P2P stability and time SLL, two power amplifiers with the same transistors but different cooling methods are examined. Measurement results for 100 µs pulse duration indicate that the power amplifier with liquid cooling method shows 56 dBm output power with 0.1 dB droop while the forced‐air cooling one shows 55.5dBm output power with 0.3 dB droop. While the liquid cooling technique shows 3 dB improvement in the overall P2P stability, its time SLL is deteriorated. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first experimental study on the time SLL under different back‐off points and cooling techniques.
Endophytic Microbiota Comparison of Dendrobium huoshanense Root and Stem in Different Growth Years
Authors: Chen Shaotong , Dai Jun , Song Xiangwen , Jiang Xueping , Zhao Qun , Sun Chuanbo , Chen Cunwu , Chen Naifu , Han Bangxing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe endophytic microbiome in medicinal plants is rich and diverse, but few studies have followed the endophytic microbiome of medicinal plants in different tissues with their growth. In this study, we examined the endophytic bacterial and fungal community structures associated with both the stem and root compartments of Dendrobium huoshanense at different growth years via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and nrDNA fragments of internal transcribed spacer regions. Results indicated that more diverse prokaryotic and fungal operational taxonomic units were detected in roots than in stems, and the alpha diversity of endophytic prokaryotic significantly differed among the 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old roots. The dominant bacterial phyla Proteobacteria Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Acidobacteria, and fungal phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota were detected in the stems and roots with 3 growth years. Moreover, linear discriminant effect
size analysis revealed 138 differentially abundant taxonomic clades in the bacterial level, and 197 in the fungal level in six groups. Our results provide evidence for endophytic microbiota communities depending on the tissues and growth years of D. huoshanense. The results from this study should be useful to better understand medicinal plant-microbe interactions.
Enterotoxins can support CAR T cells against solid tumors
Authors: von Scheidt Bianca , Wang Minyu , Oliver Amanda J. , Chan Jack D. , Jana Metta K. , Ali Aesha I. , Clow Fiona , Fraser John D. , Quinn Kylie M. , Darcy Phillip K. , Kershaw Michael H. , Slaney Clare Y. 
Published: November 2019

SignificanceRegressions of some blood cancer can follow infusion of patients’ own T cells gene-modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). These regressions are associated with extensive proliferation and engraftment of CAR T cells. However, for most common solid cancers, CAR T cells encounter antigen in a microenvironment that is immunosuppressive and lacking T cell support, and significant engraftment does not always occur. Here, we deliver enterotoxins or bispecific antibody to provide CAR T cells with support signals from antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid tissue, away from the tumor microenvironment. We demonstrate that this enables CAR T cell activation and proliferation, leading to enhanced responses against solid tumors in mice. This approach could lead to effective treatments for many common cancers.
Drastic enhancement of crystal nucleation in a molecular liquid by its liquid–liquid transition
Authors: Kurita Rei , Tanaka Hajime 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Contrary to our intuition, even a single-component substance may have more than 2 liquid states. The transition between them is called “liquid–liquid transition (LLT).” Recently, we have accumulated evidence for the presence of LLT. This transition may have a strong influence on crystallization, if it exists below the melting point of the crystal. Here we show that crystal nucleation rate can indeed be enhanced by many orders of magnitude near the spinodal point of LLT. This may be used not only for the control of crystalline morphology but also for searching LLT in a metastable state, which is hidden behind crystallization. Our finding also sheds light on how crystallization and other liquid-state transitions can be coupled.
Language, immigration, and identity
Authors: Criss Marika K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Populism has been on the rise in Europe, especially in the last decade. Finland is no exception, and a populist
party ‘The Finns Party’ has gained momentum since the 2011 parliamentary election. The purpose of this paper is to examine the
discourses of the Finns Party in their official releases on immigration and language in the 2015 parliamentary election. The
socio-politically situated examination draws from Foucauldian Discourse Analysis, especially the concepts of biopower,
biopolitics, racism, governmentality and subject position. In addition, language identity, language ideologies, and populism are
used to discuss how linguistic identity and ideology are perceived and constructed in the data, especially in terms of discourses
of inclusion and exclusion of ethnically Finnish but linguistically non-dominant groups, and immigrants.
‘Effortful’, ‘needy’ and ‘freeloader’
Authors: Tarkiainen Laura 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article provides a rhetorical discourse analysis of constructions of unemployed people’s deservingness. Data
consist of transcripts from Finnish parliament members debating the ‘Activation Model for Unemployment Security’, from December
2017. In the analysis, three discursive constructions of unemployed people’s deservingness were identified: an ‘effortful citizen
lacking control’, a ‘needy citizen deserving the welfare state’s reciprocal acts’ and an ‘undeserving freeloader in need of an
attitude adjustment’. Analysis focuses on how deservingness and undeservingness are rhetorically accomplished and treated as
factual in parliament members’ accounts. The analysis pays particular attention to the question of how speakers build factuality
through the management of categories, extreme case formulations, ‘truth talk’ and maximisation and minimisation strategies. The
results reflect the negotiated nature of deservingness as well as varying constructions of unemployed people’s responsibility in
the contemporary Nordic welfare state context.
eLex2
Authors: Szemińska Weronika , Więch Adrian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article reports on the eLex2 project, which involves designing dictionary software adjusted to the
specific needs of legal translators. On the basis of a careful analysis of target user needs and the characteristics of the
discipline involved, we defined a set of parameters that should be met by the final product. The resulting prototype offers a
number of novel solutions, including a division into sub-dictionaries assigned to different problem complexes in translation, a
classification of headwords according to their relations of equivalence with parallel institutions in the secondary legal system,
or a special classification of equivalents. The ultimate goal is to make available an application that can be used for compiling
and publishing law dictionaries for translators working in various language pairs.
Development of anthropometric characteristics in professional Rugby League players: Is there too much emphasis on the pre‐season period?
Authors: Morehen James C. , Clarke Jon , Batsford Jake , Highton Jamie , Erskine Robert M. , Morton James P. , Close Graeme L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRugby League is a team sport requiring players to experience large impact collisions, thus requiring high amounts of muscle mass. Many players (academy and senior) strive to increase muscle mass during the pre‐season, however, quantification of changes during this period have not been thoroughly investigated. We therefore assessed changes in body‐composition using Dual X‐Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in eleven academy players over three successive pre‐seasons and ninety‐three senior players from four different European Super League clubs prior to, and at the end of, a pre‐season training period. There was no meaningful change in lean mass of the academy players during any of the pre‐season periods (year 1 = 72.3 ± 7.1–73.2 ± 7.2kg; ES 0.05, year 2 = 74.4 ± 6.9–75.5 ± 6.9kg; ES 0.07, year 3 = 75.9 ± 6.7–76.8 ± 6.6kg; ES 0.06) with small changes only occurring over the three‐year study period (72.3–75.9kg; ES = 0.22). Senior players showed trivial changes in all characteristics during the pre‐season period (total mass = 95.1–95.0kg; ES −0.01, lean mass = 74.6–75.1kg; ES 0.07, fat mass = 13.6–12.9kg; ES −0.17, body fat percentage = 14.8–14.1%; ES −0.19). These data suggest that academy players need time to develop towards profiles congruent with senior players. Moreover, once players reach senior level, body‐composition changes are trivial during the pre‐season and therefore teams may need to individualise training for players striving to gain muscle mass by reducing other training loads.
The impact of the crust equation of state on the analysis of GW170817
Authors: Gamba R , Read J S , Wade L E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The detection of GW170817, the first neutron star-neutron star merger observed by Advanced LIGO and Virgo, and its following analyses represent the first contributions of gravitational wave data to understanding dense matter. Parameterizing the high density section of the equation of state of both neutron stars through spectral decomposition, and imposing a lower limit on the maximum mass value, led to an estimate of the stars’ radii of

km and

km (Abbott et al 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 161101). These values do not, however, take into account any uncertainty owed to the choice of the crust low-density equation of state, which was fixed to reproduce the SLy equation of state model (Douchin and Haensel 2001 Astron. Astrophys. 380 151). We here re-analyze GW170817 data and establish that different crust models do not strongly impact the mass or tidal deformability of a neutron star—it is impossible to distinguish between low-density models with gravitational wave analysis. However, the crust does have an effect on inferred radius. We predict the systematic error due to this effect using neutron star structure equations, and compare the prediction to results from full parameter estimation runs. For GW170817, this systematic error affects the radius estimate by 0.3 km, approximately

of the neutron stars’ radii.
A novel Cerenkov luminescence tomography approach using multilayer fully connected neural network
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Cai Meishan , Gao Yuan , Shi Xiaojing , Zhang Xiaojun , Hu Zhenhua , Tian Jie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cerenkov luminescence tomography (CLT) has been proved as an effective tool for various biomedical applications. Because of the severe scattering of Cerenkov luminescence, the performance of CLT remains unsatisfied. This paper proposed a novel CLT reconstruction approach based on a multilayer fully connected neural network (MFCNN). Monte Carlo simulation data was employed to train the MFCNN, and the complex relationship between the surface signals and the true sources was effectively learned by the network. Both simulation and in vivo experiments were performed to validate the performance of MFCNN CLT, and it was further compared with the typical radiative transfer equation (RTE) based method. The experimental data showed the superiority of MFCNN CLT in terms of accuracy and stability. This promising approach for CLT is expected to improve the performance of optical tomography, and to promote the exploration of machine learning in biomedical applications.