bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study of the high temperatures effect on the specific electrical resistivity of rail steel in order to create safe conditions for the operation of access roads to open-pit mines
Authors: Kuznetsov V A , Kozyrev N A , Shevchenko R A , Usoltsev A A , Khrenova A V , Gutak O Ya 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the present paper the high temperatures effect on the specific electrical resistance of rail steel was investigated. The regression model of the temperature effect on the specific electrical resistivity of rail steel E76KhF was constructed. Application of this regression model will allow the technology of flash butt welding of rails to be optimized.
Monitoring of degasification boreholes status by echolocation
Authors: Tailakov O V , Zastrelov D N , Makeev M P , Saltymakov E A , Kolesnichenko S E , Kolmakova A A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An approach for estimating the extent of degasification boreholes drilled from mine workings, based on the recording of acoustic signals is described. The “Echolot” apparatus was used as a recording device and it registered the time of acoustic signal initiation and the repeated arrival of the wave reflected from the medium boundary. The results of depth measurements of degasification boreholes in mine conditions are presented.
Associations of 4AT with mobility, length of stay and mortality in hospital and discharge destination among patients admitted with hip fractures
Authors: Lisk Radcliffe , Yeong Keefai , Enwere Peter , Jenkinson Josie , Robin Jonathan , Irvin-Sellers Melanie , Fluck David , Osmani Ahmad , Sharmin Rifat , Sharma Pankaj , Fry Christopher H , Han Thang S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundthe 4AT (Alertness, Abbreviated Mental Test-4, Attention and Acute change or fluctuating course), a tool to screen cognitive impairment and delirium, has recently been recommended by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. We examined its ability to predict health outcomes among patients admitted with hip fractures to a single hospital between January 2018 and June 2019.Methodsthe 4AT was performed within 1 day after hip surgery. A 4AT score of 0 means unlikely delirium or severe cognitive impairment (reference group); a score of 1–3 suggests possible chronic cognitive impairment, without excluding possibility of delirium; a score ≥ 4 suggests delirium with or without chronic cognitive impairment. Logistic regression, adjusted for: age; sex; nutritional status; co-morbidities; polypharmacy; and anticholinergic burden, used the 4AT to predict mobility, length of stay (LOS), mortality and discharge destination, compared with the reference group.Resultsfrom 537 (392 women, 145 men: mean = 83.7 ± standard deviation [SD] = 8.8 years) consecutive patients, 522 completed the 4AT; 132 (25%) had prolonged LOS (&gt;2 weeks) and 36 (6.8%) died in hospital. Risk of failure to mobilise within 1 day of surgery was increased with a 4AT score ≥ 4 (OR = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–4.3). Prolonged LOS was increased with 4AT scores of 1–3 (OR = 2.4, 95%CI = 1.4–4.1) or ≥4 (OR = 3.1, 95%CI = 1.9–6.7). In-patient mortality was increased with a 4AT score ≥ 4 (OR = 3.1, 95%CI = 1.2–8.2) but not with a 4AT score of 1–3. Change of residence on discharge was increased with a 4AT score ≥ 4 (OR = 3.1, 95%CI = 1.4–6.8). These associations persisted after excluding patients with dementia. 4AT score = 1–3 and ≥ 4 associated with increased LOS by 3 and 6 days, respectively.Conclusionsfor older adults with hip fracture, the 4AT independently predicts immobility, prolonged LOS, death in hospital and change in residence on discharge.
What Drives Declining Support for Long-Term Ecological Research?
Authors: Vucetich John A , Nelson Michael Paul , Bruskotter Jeremy T 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeveral recent papers have reinvigorated a chronic concern about the need for ecological science to focus more on long-term research. For a few decades, significant voices among ecologists have been assembling elements of a case in favor of long-term ecological research. In this article and for the first time, we synthesize the elements of this case and present it in succinct form. We also argue that this case is unlikely to result in more long-term research. Finally, we present ideas that, if implemented, are more likely to result in appropriate levels of investment in long-term research in ecological science. The article comes at an important time, because the US National Science Foundation is currently undertaking a 40-year review of its Long-Term Ecological Research Network.
What Works? Creative Approaches to Transitional Justice in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Fairey Tiffany , Kerr Rachel 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT∞
Scholars and practitioners of transitional justice have begun to seek alternative approaches in the arts and culture as a means to pursue core goals of peace and reconciliation. This Special Issue asks what creative approaches can do that conventional transitional justice mechanisms cannot, and invites us to reflect on the possibilities, and the potential challenges, risks and constraints. In response, this article discusses two arts-based initiatives in Bosnia and Herzegovina, one involving a national museum, the History Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and one with a Bosnian peacebuilding organization, the Post Conflict Research Centre, that provided opportunities for plural, dialogical and localized forms of transitional justice. Analyzing the question of what worked in these two distinct initiatives, we highlight four common qualities and offer them as non-prescriptive ‘good-practice principles’ in strategic arts-based peacebuilding practice: iterative working over time; carving space for plural, locally driven narratives; amplifying the capacities and networks of local actors; and context-driven project design.
The role of shaded cocoa plantations in the maintenance of epiphytic orchids and their interactions with phorophytes
Authors: Morales-Linares Jonas , García-Franco José G , Flores-Palacios Alejandro , Krömer Thorsten , Toledo-Aceves Tarin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats to biodiversity in tropical forests. Agroecosystems such as shaded cocoa plantations (SCP) provide refuge for tropical forest biota. However, it is poorly known whether the interspecific ecological interactions are also maintained in these transformed habitats. We evaluated the diversity, reproductive status and photosynthetic metabolism (CAM or C3) of the epiphytic orchid community, and their interactions with host trees (phorophytes) in SCP compared to tropical rainforest (TRF).

Methods
In southeastern Mexico, three sites each in TRF and SCP were studied, with four 400 m2 plots established at each site to record all orchids and their phorophytes. We determined the reproductive (adult) or non-reproductive (juvenile) status of each orchid individual in relation to the presence or absence, respectively, of flowers/fruits (or remnants), and assigned the photosynthetic pathway of each orchid species based in literature. We used true diversity and ecological networks approaches to analyze orchid diversity and orchid–phorophyte interactions, respectively.

Important Findings
In total, 607 individuals belonging to 47 orchid species were recorded. Orchid diversity was higher in TRF (19 effective species) than in SCP (11 effective species) and only seven species were shared between the two habitats. CAM orchid species were more frequent in SCP (53%) than in TRF (14%). At the community level the proportion of non-reproductive and reproductive orchid species and the nested structure and specialization level of the TRF orchid–phorophyte network were maintained in SCP. However, only a subset of TRF epiphytic orchids remains in SCP, highlighting the importance of protecting TRF. Despite this difference, shaded agroecosystems such as SCP can maintain some of the diversity and functions of natural forests, since the SCP epiphytic orchid community, mainly composed of CAM species, and its phorophytes constitute a nested interaction network, which would confer robustness to disturbances.
Surgical Resection of a Complex Spetzler-Martin Grade IV Medial Sylvian Arteriovenous Malformation: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Chiluwal Amrit K , Klironomos Georgios , Dehdashti Amir R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sylvian arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are challenging lesions for surgical management. They are classified according to the Sugita classification based on the location of the nidus in the sylvian fissure: pure, lateral, medial, and deep. Resection of these lesions are fraught with risks, as it requires extensive arachnoid dissection in the sylvian fissure in close proximity to surrounding eloquent tissue, and the presence of en passage arteries can resemble feeding arteries. In this video illustration, the authors describe a complex, Spetzler-Martin Grade IV right sylvian AVM and its surgical resection. By Sugita classification, this was a medial sylvian AVM, with an associated flow related middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysm. Informed consent was obtained from the patient prior to the procedures. The AVM was embolized preoperatively, and surgical resection was carried out via a pterional approach. The detail of the AVM resection is described in the video clip. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography showed complete excision of the lesion, and the patient was discharged to home on postoperative day 6 without any neurological deficit. In 1-yr follow-up angiogram, beside complete obliteration of the AVM, the flow-related MCA bifurcation aneurysm as well as the M1 and M2 vessels have decreased in size and are much less prominent in comparison to the pretreatment angiography.
Tourism destination competitiveness and tourism performance
Authors: Hanafiah Mohd Hafiz , Zulkifly Muhammad Izzat 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationships between tourism destination competitiveness (TDC) determinants and tourism performance. This study specifically assessed the soundness of the TDC attributes and evaluated their ability in explaining tourism performance.

Design/methodology/approach
The Dwyer and Kim’s (2003) destination competitiveness integrated model (IM) was used. Secondary data of 115 nations available from the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) and other international reports were also used. The hypothesised relationships were tested via partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings
This study confirms that the core resources, complementary condition, globalisation and tourism price significantly explain tourism performance. Results have shown differences in the competitiveness level and actual performance among nations, highlighting specific limitations of the current TDC model and TTCI report reliability.

Research limitations/implications
Future study could segment the sample base on destinations characteristic and then analyse it based on smaller sub-samples of similar destinations. Moreover, drivers of destination performance in developed and less develop destinations are quite diverse.

Practical implications
The incorrect competitiveness ranking evaluation will affect inward investment decisions. This study framework enables policymakers to arrive at more informed decisions than merely relying on the original competitiveness rankings.

Originality/value
The widespread acknowledgment of the importance of competitiveness for a tourism destination's success suggests that there is a crucial need for sound benchmarking of countries’ competitive capabilities. The proposed competitiveness determinants aid the policymakers in identifying the best competitiveness and tourism performance predictors, as well as how to identify crucial factors affecting the rankings.
Are intangibles really a source of future economic benefits? Evidence from the technology sector
Authors: Lopes Ilídio Tomás 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of intangibles as drivers of economic future benefits, in the top technological companies in the world. It also aims to identify whether the distribution of those intellectual capital (IC) drivers depends on the region and on the accounting standards, used in the preparation of firms’ financial reporting.

Design/methodology/approach
Using information from the major technological firms for a range of time of five years, a set of IC proxies were identified and regressed. Three linear models were used, and hypotheses were performed toward the identification of significant impacts on firms’ turnover prediction.

Findings
A set of intangibles was identified as significant drivers of firms’ turnover. Results suggest that the distribution of those proxies differ among regions and depend on the accounting standards. Firms from North-American evidence higher levels of intangibles, their boards composition is differentiated, additionally tending to increasingly invest in research and development activities.

Research limitations/implications
In spite of the limitations, the authors underline the sample size. However, the current approach can be replicated over time, and based in other rankings, applicable to other activity sectors and using different metrics.

Practical implications
Based on the major technological firms worldwide, the research adds value to the already known scope of intangibles, by providing additional and complimentary outcomes. A new direction, based on the scope of intangibles accounting standards used in the preparation of financial statements, was flagged toward theory and practice alignment.

Originality/value
This research adds value to the current literature by exploring the effects of intangibles in the major technological companies in the world. Focused in a sector strongly marked by innovative strategies, it provides a new and complimentary overview.
Prevalence of upper respiratory tract infections and associated factors among children in Turkey
Authors: Cinaroglu Songul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeUpper respiratory tract infections (URIs) are the most common diseases observed in children aged 0–6 years in Turkey. This study was conducted to investigate URIs in 0–6 year–old children in Turkey.Design and MethodsData of children aged 0–6 years who were included in the 2014 Turkey Health Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute were collected from their parents.ResultsIn total, 1,293 and 1,732 children with and without URIs, respectively, were identified. The weighted point prevalence of URIs was 42.23%. Compared with the uninsured and female children belonging to high‐income families, insured male children belonging to low‐income families were more likely to develop URIs (p < .001). Moreover, comorbidities such as communicable diseases, anemia and diarrhea, and factors like health services utilization were associated with URIs. Analysis of health services utilization highlights that URIs were reported more among the children who had not visited a hospital than among those who had visited a hospital, with an odds ratio of 1.23.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide a deeper understanding of sociodemographic, comorbid, and health services utilization factors associated with URIs. These results provide useful insights for pediatric nursing professionals to improve the quality and efficiency of pediatric respiratory nursing services.Practice ImplicationsCollaborative networks with other health professionals, parents, and public health policy‐makers are essential to decrease the prevalence of URIs in Turkey. These study results provide several insights for health professionals to improve pediatric action plans for ultimately improving child health status.
The Impact of Weighting Methods and Behavioral Attitudes on the Weighting Process in Decision-Making
Authors: Tzioutziou Anastasia , Xenidis Yiannis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The determination of weights in decision-making problems can be deduced as a complex process of preference formation. Preferences are expressions of behavioral attitudes and are affected by external circumstances, such as risk and ambiguity. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of both the human factor and the weighting methods on the weighting process in decision-making problems. Based on relevant literature a new methodology is proposed and applied to identify with the use of a psychometric function the behavioral attitudes of decision-making analysts against risk and ambiguity. Furthermore, the examination of process-related features such as the weighting method, the weighting scale and the weighting problem's presentation provides additional knowledge on the understanding of the weighting process in decision-making problems. Thus, an original survey is designed, aiming at: (a) the identification of the respondents' attitudinal preferences based on multiple personality tests and (b) the elicitation of weight assignments through the use of different weighting tasks and subtasks. The findings reveal that the weightings and their consistency are significantly affected by the elicitation method, the nature of the weighting scale and the problem's framing. It is also interesting that the decision analysts' behavioral traits, in association with the problem's methodological aspects, affect the weight assignments, thus providing evidence for the potential to predict weightings in the decision-making process.
Subretinal pigment epithelium fibrotic tissue morphological changes after a single anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Ohayon Avi , De Rosa Irene , Semoun Oudy , Jung Camille , Colantuono Donato , El Ameen Ala'a , Srour Mayer , Souied Eric H 
Published: November 2019

AimsTo demonstrate and evaluate the morphological changes of multilayered fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment (PED) to a single anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the morphological changes of 30 eyes with exudative AMD showing fibrotic multilayered PED, between two consecutive visits. All patients had one anti-VEGF intravitreal injection at the first visit. We quantitatively analysed the different compartments within the PED and their morphological response.ResultsThe mean follow-up time interval between the first and the second visit was 32.46±4.64 days. We defined three optical coherence tomography zones within the PED: a subretinal pigment epithelium inhomogeneous hyporeflective space (layer 1), a hyper-reflective band beneath layer 1 (layer 2), and a hyporeflective space between the Bruch’s membrane and layer 2 (layer 3). The mean height of layer 1 was 142±44.63 and 99.30±39.79 µm at visits 1 and 2, respectively. The mean thickness of layer 2 was 101.42±46.66 and 82.76±35.24 µm at visits 1 and 2, respectively. The mean height of layer 3 was 35.77±32.77 and 5.66±8.68 µm at visits 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.009). The mean height change for layer 1 was statistically significantly higher than for layer 2 (p=0.0002).ConclusionsFibrovascular PED was compartmented into three layers with different reflectivities that morphologically responded differently to a single anti-VEGF injection. Layer 2 had a statistically significantly lower response compared with layer 1, suggesting the hypothesis of a fibrotic component in layer 2.
Structural network changes in cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Tuladhar Anil M , Tay Jonathan , van Leijsen Esther , Lawrence Andrew J , van Uden Ingeborg Wilhelmina Maria , Bergkamp Mayra , van der Holst Ellen , Kessels Roy P C , Norris David , Markus Hugh S , De Leeuw Frank-Erik 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate whether longitudinal structural network efficiency is associated with cognitive decline and whether baseline network efficiency predicts mortality in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD).MethodsA prospective, single-centre cohort consisting of 277 non-demented individuals with SVD was conducted. In 2011 and 2015, all participants were scanned with MRI and underwent neuropsychological assessment. We computed network properties using graph theory from probabilistic tractography and calculated changes in psychomotor speed and overall cognitive index. Multiple linear regressions were performed, while adjusting for potential confounders. We divided the group into mild-to-moderate white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and severe WMH group based on median split on WMH volume.ResultsThe decline in global efficiency was significantly associated with a decline in psychomotor speed in the group with severe WMH (β=0.18, p=0.03) and a trend with change in cognitive index (β=0.14, p=0.068), which diminished after adjusting for imaging markers for SVD. Baseline global efficiency was associated with all-cause mortality (HR per decrease of 1 SD 0.43, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.80, p=0.008, C-statistic 0.76).ConclusionDisruption of the network efficiency, a metric assessing the efficiency of network information transfer, plays an important role in explaining cognitive decline in SVD, which was however not independent of imaging markers of SVD. Furthermore, baseline network efficiency predicts risk of mortality in SVD that may reflect the global health status of the brain in SVD. This emphasises the importance of structural network analysis in the context of SVD research and the use of network measures as surrogate markers in research setting.
A Versatile ES Cell–Based Melanoma Mouse Modeling Platform
Authors: Bok Ilah , Vera Olga , Xu Xiaonan , Jasani Neel , Nakamura Koji , Reff Jordan , Nenci Arianna , Gonzalez Jose G. , Karreth Florian A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The cumbersome and time-consuming process of generating new mouse strains and multiallelic experimental animals often hinders the use of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) in cancer research. Here, we describe the development and validation of an embryonic stem cell (ESC)-GEMM platform for rapid modeling of melanoma in mice. The platform incorporates 12 clinically relevant genotypes composed of combinations of four driver alleles (LSL-BrafV600E, LSL-NrasQ61R, PtenFlox, and Cdkn2aFlox) and regulatory alleles to spatiotemporally control the perturbation of genes of interest. The ESCs produce high-contribution chimeras, which recapitulate the melanoma phenotypes of conventionally bred mice. Using the ESC-GEMM platform to modulate Pten expression in melanocytes in vivo, we highlighted the utility and advantages of gene depletion by CRISPR-Cas9, RNAi, or conditional knockout for melanoma modeling. Moreover, complementary genetic methods demonstrated the impact of Pten restoration on the prevention and maintenance of Pten-deficient melanomas. Finally, we showed that chimera-derived melanoma cell lines retain regulatory allele competency and are a powerful resource to complement ESC-GEMM chimera experiments in vitro and in syngeneic grafts in vivo. Thus, when combined with sophisticated genetic tools, the ESC-GEMM platform enables rapid, high-throughput, and versatile studies aimed at addressing outstanding questions in melanoma biology.
Significance: This study presents a high-throughput and versatile ES cell-based mouse modeling platform that can be combined with state-of-the-art genetic tools to address unanswered questions in melanoma in vivo.
See related commentary by Thorkelsson et al., p. 655