bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Viral Zoonotic Diseases from bats
Authors: Job Sheen , Sharma Megha , Singh Dr Mahendra 
Published: November 2020

Bats are known reservoirs of virulent zoonotic pathogens not known to experience disease. They are known as nature’s pest controllers which are insectivorous and pollinators which are frugivorous in their nature. In the entire ecosystem bats play a vital role in various ways to sustain the diversity at its best. However, recent events have cast great aspersions on the bat behavior and the potential impact it has on Public Health not just in a specified region but globally. The impact has been devastating and disastrous. The recent COVID 19 pandemic spell, opened the eyes of the scientific community, economists and even governments to work together.
A host of issues were brought to light, as to how viral pathogenicity has played havoc with such virulence in the world community. Numerous studies proved beyond doubt bats act as natural reservoirs for a large number of emerging and re emerging pathogens that other animals and humans can contract. It would be surprising to know that these viruses are also listed in the bioterrorism list of pathogens. Such diversity shows that the bats are well adapted to the effects of virulent pathogens within their internal milieu. The first report of transmission of a bat virus to human was reported in 1960, it was the Rabies virus belonging to the Lyssa virus genus. SARS, Ebola, Nipah have already proven to be virulent and lethal.(1)

AIM
To ascertain the viral dynamics in bats that lead to rapid transmission and infectivity in humans
Objectives
To understand the characteristics that bats possess, to host virulent pathogens
To outline the mechanisms in bats in causing rapid transmission to humans
Analisa Pemilihan Material Geotekstil Pada Karung Geotekstil Memanjang (Studi Kasus : Pantai Indramayu)
Authors: Indriasari Vivi Yovita , Siri Hendra Yusran , Nurhabni Fegi 
Published: November 2020

Karung Geotekstil Memanjang (KGM) adalah suatu bentuk aplikasi geotekstil , dengan geotekstil sebagai material kulit yang diisi dengan campuran air dan pasir dengan menggunakan pompa. Material pengisi KGM yang baik adalah menggunakan material yang dekat lokasi konstruksi. Akan lebih efektif untuk proses pengisian dan lebih ekonomis di biaya pembangunannya. Pengecekan kesesuaian material pengisi juga sangat penting untuk mencegah gagal dalam pelakasanaan konstruksi. Tujuan dalam tulisan ini adalah memberikan analitis sederhana dalam pengecekan kesesuaian jenis material pengisi terhadap jenis geotekstil yang akan digunakan dalam struktur KGM. Pengambilan sediman dilakukan di Pantai Dadap Baru, Kecamatan Juntinyuat Kabuaten Indramayu. Lokasi ini merupakan lokasi rencana kegiatan Sabuk Pantai di Indramayu. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 3 (tiga) titik. Sampel yang diambil selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian analisa saringan di Laboratorium Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wira Lodra di Indramayu. Hasil pengujian butiran ini untuk mengetahui kesesuaian material pengisi dengan material geotekstil yang akan digunakan dalam struktur KGM. Hasil uji sedimen adalah ukuran butiran sampel dengan rentang antara 2 – 0.075 mm. dengan gradasi seragam (uniform soil) dimana distribusi partikel-partikelnya memiliki ukuran yang relatif sama. Hasil dari analisa keseragaman butiran(Cu) di lokasi studi berkisar antara antara 1 – 3, dalam hal ini termasuk ke dalam kategori kerikil dan pasir. Analisa yang dilakukan dengan persamaan analitis sederhana menunjukkan , bahwa di lokasi pengambilan sampel (Indramayu) bisa dijadikan sumber untuk pengisian Karung Geotekstil Memanjang . Diameter butiran sedimen di lokasi pengambilan sampel lebih besar di bandingkan dengan diameter bukaan geotekstil
Realidad de los jóvenes con relación a la salud sexual y su percepción del programa servicios amigables del municipio de Santa Lucía
Authors: Brochado Ariza Karen Paola , Duran Ravelo Javier , Hernández-Palma Hugo Gaspar 
Published: November 2020

Introducción: Este estudio busca describir la realidad de los adolescentes y jóvenes sobre Salud Sexual y Reproductiva y su percepción acerca del Programa de Servicios Amigables del municipio de Santa Lucía – Atlántico. Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa, observacional y descriptiva, Se aplicó una encuesta auto administrada a 54 participantes de entre 10 y 24 años, agrupados en 3 grupos etarios 10-14 años, 15-19 años y de 20-24 años, que asistieron en el 2016 al programa de servicios de salud amigable para adolescentes y jóvenes del municipio de Santa Lucía. El proceso de análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo por medio de frecuencias en el software SPSS. Resultados: Se encontró un alto nivel de desconocimiento acerca de los métodos anticonceptivos (44%) y de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, además que las mujeres inician más temprano su vida sexual (el 8% inicio entre los 10 y los 14 años su vida sexual), el consumo de alcohol es elevado entre esta población (el 44,5% consume alcohol por lo menos una vez al mes o en fechas especiales) y el 55,6% de los participantes no conocen sus derechos sexuales. En cuanto a la percepción del programa de servicios de salud amigable para adolescentes y jóvenes, encontramos que los participantes no saben acerca de los principales aspectos del programa. Conclusiones: Se concluye que actualmente los jóvenes del municipio de Santa Lucia poseen grandes debilidades con respecto al conocimiento sobre los temas relacionados a su salud sexual y su indiferencia sobre los programas de salud amigable para adolescentes y jóvenes.
Religion
Authors: Mancini Silvia 
Published: November 2020

En contraste avec l’approche normative habituellement pratiquée en sciences sociales, l’article procède à une problématisation historico-critique de la catégorie de « religion ». De celle-ci il retrace la genèse, les implications historico-sémantiques ainsi que la fonction historique et culturelle en tant qu’invention occidentale, à resituer dans son contexte d’émergence et d’usage : celui de l’Europe chrétienne.
Subalternité
Authors: D'Adesky Jacques 
Published: November 2020

Définie comme une relation de subordination, la notion de « subalterne » a d’abord renvoyé aux subaltern studies avant d’être englobée dans les théories postcoloniales dans les années 1990. La subalternité découle aujourd’hui de deux phénomènes : la colonisation et la mondialisation dont les effets engendrent des groupes subalternes opprimés par une limitation de leur liberté économique et sociale. La liberté de parole est pour eux une arme essentielle afin de dénoncer les servitudes.
Culte des ancêtres
Authors: Singleton Michael 
Published: November 2020

Dans le mode de (re)production typique de l’agriculture archaïque plus on vieillissait plus grandissait son apport matériel, moral et métaphysique à la survie darwinienne de sa communauté villageoise. En conséquence, les subalternes avaient tout intérêt à témoigner d’un respect cérémoniel à l’égard de leurs ainés (encore vivants ou partis au village ancestral). C’est dans cette asymétrie intergénérationnelle que s’enracine le fin fond du mal nommé « culte des ancêtres ».
Patrimoines autochtones
Authors: Laurent Jérôme 
Published: November 2020

De nombreux groupes autochtones au Brésil, au Canada, aux États-Unis, en Australie, en Nouvelle-Zélande et ailleurs dans le monde sont particulièrement préoccupés par la protection, la transmission et la reconnaissance de leurs patrimoines culturels. Cet article explore trois dimensions indissociables des patrimoines autochtones : les liens entre matérialité et immatérialité du patrimoine, l’institutionnalisation des processus de patrimonialisation, et le rôle central des médiateurs du patrimoine.
WCAA
Authors: Lins Ribeiro Gustavo 
Published: November 2020

Le World Council of Anthropological Assciations (WCAA), en français, Conseil mondial des associations d’anthropologues, est un réseau d’organisations nationales, régionales et internationales. Son objectif est de rendre visible la pluralité de l’anthropologie mondiale contemporaine. Né à l’initiative d’anthropologues latino-américains, le WCAA veut contribuer à intégrer et diffuser les « autres anthropologies », celles produites en dehors de l’Amérique du Nord et de l’Europe.
Efectos de las Rizobacterias Promotoras del Cremiento Vegetal sobre la producción de biomasa, rendimento y la calidad física del grano de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.).
Authors: Bigatton Ezequiel Darío , Haro Juárez Ricardo Javier , Ayoub Ibrahim , Castillejo-Sánchez María Ángeles , Lucini Enrique Iván 
Published: November 2020

La provincia de Córdoba en la República Argentina concentra más del 85% del área sembrada con cultivos de Maní (280-317 mil hectáreas por año). Para lograr altos rendimientos, los productores utilizan grandes cantidades de insumos de síntesis industrial como son los fertilizantes químicos. Una alternativa complementaria a la fertilización es la utilización de microorganismos asociados a la rizosfera vegetal (PGPR). Las PGPRs pueden inducir el crecimiento vegetal en forma directa o indirecta. Pseudomonas y Bacillus son los géneros más importantes incluidos dentro de esta clasificación. Primero, se aislaron cepas nativas de los géneros Pseudomonas y Bacillus a partir de suelos provenientes del cultivo de maní y luego se caracterizaron. El cultivar Granoleico fue sembrado para evaluar el efecto de las PGPRs sobre la producción de biomasa (Kg ha-1) y el rendimiento (Kg ha-1). El experimento fue conducido a campo y las plantas crecieron sin limitaciones hídricas. Los resultados demostraron el efecto positivo de promoción del crecimiento por parte de las PGPRs. Pseudomonas spp. cepa 001 incrementó el rendimiento 50% en relación con el control sin microorganismos y el 82% de los granos producidos se clasificaron como granos confitería (+8% en relación con el control sin microorganismos). La cepa 002 y cepa 001 de Bacillus spp. incrementaron el rendimiento 42% y 20% respectivamente y el 80% y 80.1% de los granos producidos fueron clasificados como grano confitería. Estos resultados parciales refuerzarían a las PGPR como una alternativa sustentable a la producción, pero será necesario nuevos estúdios para evaluar sus efectos y estabilidades ante la diversidad de ambientes
The effects of calcite silicon-mediated particle film application on leaf temperature and grape composition of Merlot (<i>Vitis vinifera L.</i>) vines under different irrigation conditions
Authors: Amato Davide , Montanaro Giuseppe , Summerer Stephan , Briglia Nunzio , Attia Faouzi , Challet Emmanuel , Nuzzo Vitale 
Published: November 2020

Aim: This study examined whether the application of calcite-silicon mediated particle film (CaPF) at veraison can mitigate a drought-induced increase in leaf temperature on grapevine, thus contributing to improved leaf functionality, yield and grape composition traits.Methods and results: A total of 48 five-year-old Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) vines grafted onto SO4 were grown (in 20 L PVC pots) under Mediterranean conditions (Southern Italy). The vines were pruned to a single spur with 3 winter buds irrigated daily to 100 % field capacity, and fertilised weekly.At veraison and using a 2×2 factorial experimental design, the two main factors, thermoregulation and water, were imposed at two levels: spraying with a thermoregulation compound (CaPF) and no spraying (NS); irrigation (WW) and drought stress (D)). A group of 24 vines was subjected to a 15-day drought period by receiving, every day, 25 % (D) of the daily water consumption of WW vines. The other 24 vines continued to be fully irrigated on a daily basis (WW). Twelve vines per group were sprayed (WW+CaPF, D+CaPF) with calcite-silicon mediate (3 % V/V) at the beginning of drought imposition, the remaining 24 vines were not sprayed (WW-NS, D-NS). Soil water moisture and stem water potential values were monitored from 11.30 to 13:30 nearly every week, and other vegetative and reproductive parameters were also measured.During the experiment, air temperature peaked at ≈35°C at midday, VPD at about 3.7 kPa and PAR reached ≈2000 µmol m-2 s–1. Results show that in CaPF sprayed vines, leaf-air temperature differences were lower than in unsprayed vines in both irrigated and drought stressed groups. WW+CaPF vines retained significantly more leaf area and showed the highest value of accumulated vine transpiration.Conclusion: Calcite-silicon mediated particle film could enhance the resilience of grapevine to adverse environmental conditions and may contribute to preserve terroir elements in highly reputed wine grape growing areas.Significance of the study: The study showed that foliar application of calcite silicon-mediated processed particles films can be used in arid regions to mitigate leaf temperatures in grapevines.
Metamorphic Temperatures and Pressures across the Eastern Franciscan: Implications for Underplating and Exhumation
Authors: Schmidt William L. , Platt John P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Eastern Belt of the Franciscan Complex in the northern California Coast Ranges consists of coherent thrust sheets predominately made up of ocean floor sediments subducted in the Early Cretaceous and then accreted to the overriding plate at depths of 25-40 km. Progressive packet accretion resulted in the juxtaposition of a series of thrust sheets of differing metamorphic grades. This study utilizes laser Raman analysis of carbonaceous material to determine peak metamorphic temperatures across the Eastern Belt and phengite barometry to determine peak metamorphic pressures. Locating faults that separate packets in the field is difficult, but they can be accurately located based on differences in peak metamorphic temperature revealed by Raman analysis. The Taliaferro Metamorphic Complex in the west reached 323-336°C at a minimum pressure of ~11 kbar; the surrounding Yolla Bolly Unit 215–290°C; the Valentine Springs Unit 282-288°C at 7.8±0.7 kbar; the South Fork Mountain Schist 314–349°C at 8.6–9.5 kbar, a thin slice in the eastern portion of the SFMS, identified here for the first time, was metamorphosed at ~365°C and 9.7±0.7 kbar; and a slice attributed to the Galice Formation of the Western Klamath Mountains at 281±13°C. Temperatures in the Yolla Bolly Unit and Galice slice were too low for the application of phengite barometry. Microfossil fragments in the South Fork Mountain Schist are smaller and less abundant than in the underlying Valentine Springs Unit, providing an additional method of identifying the boundary between the two units. Faults that record a temperature difference across them were active after peak metamorphism while faults that do not were active prior to peak metamorphism, allowing for the location of packet bounding faults at the time of accretion. The South Fork Mountain Schist consists of two accreted packets with thicknesses of 300 m and 3.5 km. The existence of imbricate thrust faults both with and without differences in peak metamorphic temperature across them provides evidence for synconvergent exhumation.
La eficiencia de las empresas del sector palmicultor en Colombia
Authors: Mendoza-García Mauricio , Oliveros-Contreras Diana , Guzmán-Duque Alba Patricia 
Published: November 2020

Rev.esc.adm.neg
El sector palmicultor de aceite es uno de los más dinámicos e importantes de la agroindustria colombiana. No obstante, la evaluación de los aspectos técnicos y productivos pueden mejorar la asignación de recursos productivos y fortalecer la competitividad empresarial y sectorial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia técnica y la eficiencia de escala de las empresas extractoras de aceite de palma durante el periodo 2011- 2016 en Colombia. Se utilizó la metodología Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) y las técnicas bootstrap para una muestra de 45 empresas del sector palmero en Colombia dedicadas a la extracción de aceite de palma. Los resultados revelaron que las empresas extractoras son más eficientes en la escala operacional que en la optimización de los recursos. Las regiones más eficientes fueron, técnicamente, Cesar, Bolívar y Magdalena, en eficiencia de escala Santander, Bolívar y Magdalena. El análisis permite concluir que, si bien la brecha en eficiencia y productividad del sector de palma frente a los productores líderes se ha disminuido, es necesario diseñar estrategias que permitan el aprovechamiento del potencial productivo del cultivo de palma de aceite. La palma de aceite enfrenta un gran reto competitivo en el orden mundial, por cuanto su eficiencia y productividad debe mejorarse constantemente.
Alterations in the Excitatory and Inhibitory Coupling in Migraine: A Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Cai Yiwen , Tang Yingying , Wang Jijun , Fu Qinhui , Gan Min Hang , Pei Jian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: There is evidence suggesting that an imbalance between the levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, and inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), leads to migraine attacks; however, the pathophysiology and specific diagnostic markers remain unknown. Methods: Twenty-one migraine patients (18 female, 3 male, mean age=40.63 14.23years) and 11 healthy controls (9 female, 2 male, mean age=39.78 15.31 years) were included in this study. We used 1H-MRS at 3 Tesla with voxels-of-interest located in the bilateral thalamus and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (SG ACC) to quantify the GABA and GLX (glutamate-glutamine complex) concentrations measured via the Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence in migraineurs and healthy controls. Result: Statistical analyses revealed significantly decreased GLX/NAA (N-acetylaspartate) in the right thalamus of migraine patients compared to healthy controls. However, we found no group differences in GABA levels in the SG ACC and bilateral thalamus.Conclusion: The right thalamus may be involved in the pain modulation process of migraineurs through changes in the GLX levels. Decreased GLX levels within the right thalamus might be associated with the disruption of "excitation-inhibition" homeostasis in migraine.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02580968. Registered 30 October 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02580968
Future population exposures to unprecedented climatic risks
Authors: Oki Taikan , Sano Taichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is causing shifts in the frequencies of extreme weather events. There is an urgent need to quantify future unprecedented risks from extreme temperatures and precipitation, and the geographic distributions of at-risk areas. Here, we define the rim of two-dimensional (2D) risk histograms for 20-year extreme temperatures and precipitation as a climatic risk boundary. We found that nearly a quarter of the world population in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and other regions of the world will transgress the climatic risk boundaries by the end of this century under RCP8.5 scenario, while under the future RCP2.6 scenario, only 5.8% of population will transgress the climatic risk boundaries. Some metropolitan areas, such as Delhi, Mumbai, and Tokyo, will also overstep the boundaries. While many large cities will remain within the climatic risk boundaries, they will still be exposed to unprecedented climatic risks in relation to the experiences of people in that region. This study will help refine public perceptions of extreme climatic risks and lead to more efficient policy making. In the future, unprecedented extreme weather risks should be properly considered in the impact assessments of climate change, and transfers of technologies and experiences gained in other regions to new at-risk regions should be supported to assist with adaptation to extreme climatic risks.
Implementing Radical Cure Diagnostics for Malaria: User Perspectives on G6PD Testing in Bangladesh
Authors: Engel Nora , Ghergu Cristian , Matin Mohammad Abdul , Kibria Mohammad Golam , Thriemer Kamala , Price Ric N. , Ding Xavier C. , Howes Rosalind E. , Ley Benedikt , Incardona Sandra , Alam Mohammad Shafiul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The radical cure of Plasmodium vivax requires treatment with an 8-aminoquinoline drug, such as primaquine and tafenoquine, to clear the liver of parasites which can reactivate to cause relapsing infections. Safe treatment regimens require prior screening of patients for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency to avoid potential life-threatening drug induced hemolysis. Testing is rarely available in malaria endemic countries, but will be needed to support routine use of radical cure. This study investigates end-user perspectives in Bangladesh on the introduction of a quantitative G6PD test (SD Biosensor STANDARD™ G6PD analyser) to support malaria elimination.Methods: The perspectives of users on the SD Biosensor test were analysed using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with health care providers and malaria programme officers in Bangladesh. Key emerging themes regarding the feasibility of introducing this test into routine practice, including perceived barriers, were analysed.Results: In total 63 participants were interviewed. Participants emphasized the life-saving potential of the biosensor, but raised concerns including the impact of limited staff time, high workload and some technical aspects of the device. Participants highlighted that there are both too few and too many P. vivax patients to implement G6PD testing owing to challenges of funding, workload and complex testing infrastructure. Implementing the biosensor would require flexibility and improvisation to deal with remote sites, overcoming a low index of suspicion and mutual interplay of declining patient numbers and reluctance to test. This approach would generate new forms of evidence to justify introduction in policy and carefully consider questions of deployment given declining patient numbers. Conclusions: The results of the study show that, in an elimination context, the importance of malaria needs to be maintained for both policy makers and the affected communities, in this case by ensuring P. vivax, PQ treatment, and G6PD deficiency remain visible. Availability of new technologies, such as the biosensor, will fuel ongoing debates about priorities for allocating resources that must be adapted to a constantly evolving target. Technical and logistical concerns regarding the biosensor should be addressed by future product designs, adequate training, strengthened supply chains, and careful planning of communication, advocacy and staff interactions at all health system levels.