bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear of illness recurrence and mental health anxiety in people recovering from psychosis and common mental health problems
Authors: Jamalamadaka Taruna , Griffith Emma , Steer Hannah , Salkovskis Paul 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesIt is well known that mental health problems can recur even after effective treatment, leading to an understandable fear of illness recurrence (FIR) and mental health anxiety (MHA). These may themselves contribute to the process of relapse. This study aims to examine whether people recovering from psychosis have greater FIR than those recovering from common mental health problems or healthy controls. The study also hypothesized that there will be a relationship between FIR and MHA and that both these constructs will be associated with maladaptive coping behaviours. Finally, the relationship between mental defeat with FIR and psychological distress (anxiety and depression) will be examined.MethodA cross‐sectional questionnaire design was employed. Thirty‐nine participants in recovery from psychosis, eighty‐two in recovery from other mental health difficulties, and sixty‐one healthy controls aged 18–73 were recruited from NHS services and via social media. Self‐report questionnaires measured mental defeat, mental health anxiety, fear of illness recurrence, maladaptive coping behaviours, and psychological distress.ResultsThose recovering from psychosis were found to more negatively evaluate the likely consequences of relapse than those recovering from common mental health problems or healthy controls. However, the levels of FIR in common mental health problems were also significantly elevated when compared to healthy controls. There were no other differences between these groups (in terms of mental defeat, anxiety, depression, social functioning, and maladaptive coping behaviours). The hypothesized relationship between FIR and MHA was also found, and both were associated with maladaptive coping behaviours. Mental defeat was associated with FIR and psychological distress (anxiety and depression).ConclusionsThis study found that those with psychosis experienced higher FIR than those with common mental health problems. Furthermore, people defining themselves as in recovery are worried about relapse and the extent of this is linked to mental health anxiety. Given that such responses may contribute to actual relapse, it is important that these issues are better understood and interventions developed to ameliorate them.Practitioner points

Following recovery, fear of relapse may be particularly high in those with experience of psychosis; it is also present in those with common mental health problems

The importance of this observation lies in the issue that anxiety about relapse may initiate a self‐fulfilling process, with increased anxiety worsening symptoms and vice versa.

Cognitive‐behavioural therapy for health anxiety may be beneficial to those experiencing high levels of mental health anxiety.

Cognitions related to relapse need to be explored and addressed both in further research and, when clearly identified, may be a target during relapse‐prevention planning.
Filanesib in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone in refractory MM patients: safety and efficacy, and association with alpha 1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) levels. Phase Ib/II Pomdefil clinical trial conducted by the Spanish MM group
Authors: Ocio Enrique M. , Motlló Cristina , Rodríguez‐Otero Paula , Martínez‐López Joaquín , Cejalvo Mª José , Martín‐Sánchez Jesús , Bladé Joan , García‐Malo Mª Dolores , Dourdil Mª Victoria , García‐Mateo Aránzazu , de Arriba Felipe , García‐Sanz Ramón , de la Rubia Javier , Oriol Albert , Lahuerta Juan‐José , San‐Miguel Jesús F. , Mateos María‐Victoria 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis phase I/II trial evaluated the combination of the kinesin spindle protein inhibitor filanesib with pomalidomide and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients. Forty‐seven RRMM patients with a median of three prior lines (2–8) and 94% refractory to lenalidomide were included: 14 in phase I and 33 in phase II. The recommended dose was 1·25 mg/m2 of filanesib on days 1, 2, 15, 16, with pomalidomide 4 mg on days 1–21 and dexamethasone 40 mg weekly. The defined threshold for success was achieved, with 18 out of 31 patients obtaining at least minor response (MR) in the phase II. In the global population, 51% of patients achieved at least partial response (PR) and 60% ≥MR, resulting in a median progression‐free survival (mPFS) of seven months and overall survival (OS) of 19 months. The main toxicity was haematological. Importantly, patients with low serum levels of alpha 1‐acid glycoprotein (AAG) at baseline (<800 mg/l) had a superior response (overall response rate of 62% vs. 17%; P = 0·04), which also translated into a longer mPFS (9 vs. 2 months; P = 0·014). In summary, filanesib with pomalidomide and dexamethasone is active in RRMM although with significant haematological toxicity. Most importantly, high levels of AAG can identify patients unlikely to respond to this strategy.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02384083.
Prognostic scoring systems and comorbidities in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia: a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Moreno Berggren Daniel , Kjellander Matilda , Backlund Ellen , Engvall Marie , Garelius Hege , Lorenz Fryderyk , Nilsson Lars , Rasmussen Bengt , Lehmann Sören , Hellström‐Lindberg Eva , Jädersten Martin , Ungerstedt Johanna , Ejerblad Elisabeth 
Published: June 2020

SummaryOutcomes in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) are highly variable and may be affected by comorbidity. Therefore, prognostic models and comorbidity indices are important tools to estimate survival and to guide clinicians in individualising treatment. In this nationwide population‐based study, we assess comorbidities and for the first time validate comorbidity indices in CMML. We also compare the prognostic power of: the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS‐R), CMML‐specific prognostic scoring system (CPSS), MD Anderson Prognostic Scoring System (MDAPS) and Mayo score. In this cohort of 337 patients with CMML, diagnosed between 2009 and 2015, the median overall survival was 21·3 months. Autoimmune conditions were present in 25% of the patients, with polymyalgia rheumatica and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis being most common. Of the tested comorbidity indices: the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Haematopoietic cell transplantation‐specific Comorbidity Index (HCT‐CI) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome‐Specific Comorbidity Index (MDS‐CI), CCI had the highest C‐index (0·62) and was the only comorbidity index independently associated with survival in multivariable analyses. When comparing the prognostic power of the scoring systems, the CPSS had the highest C‐index (0·69). In conclusion, using ‘real‐world’ data we found that the CCI and CPSS have the best prognostic power and that autoimmune conditions are overrepresented in CMML.
Comparative cohort study of volumetric modulated arc therapy for squamous cell cancer of unknown primary in the head and neck—Involved neck only versus mucosal irradiation
Authors: Poon Wai‐Yan , Thomson Maureen , McLoone Philip , Wilson Christina , Crosbie Robin , Schipani Stefano , Grose Derek , James Allan , Lamb Carolynn , Rizwanullah Mohammed , Campbell Frances , Easton Fiona , Paterson Claire 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTarget volumes for irradiation remain ill‐defined for squamous cell cancer of unknown primary in the head and neck (SCCUP). The aim of this study was to compare involved neck only (INO) radiotherapy (RT) with irradiating involved neck plus potential mucosal primary sites and contralateral neck (MUC) in patients diagnosed and treated with modern diagnostics and techniques.DesignThis is a retrospective cohort study. Patients with a diagnosis of SCCUP with unilateral neck disease were included.ResultsThirty patients were identified. All underwent FDG PET‐CT. 47% of patients had HPV‐positive SCC. 20 patients received RT to INO, 10 patients to MUC, all with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). A significantly lower dose for each organ at risk was delivered in INO‐treated patients, with mean dose to contralateral parotid gland 57% less. The proportion of patients with late grade 2 or worse xerostomia was higher in MUC patients. The incidence of grade 2‐3 mucositis (89% vs 45%) and grade 3 or worse dysphagia (50% vs 10%) was higher in MUC patients. Median follow‐up was 31 months. No mucosal primaries emerged. Progression‐free survival at 2 years was 74.7% for INO patients, 70% in the MUC group. Overall survival at 2 years was 79.7% in the INO group and 70% in the MUC patients.ConclusionINO radiotherapy for patients with SCCUP of the head and neck is a safe treatment strategy resulting in clinically significant lower RT doses to OARS. Acute and late toxicities are reduced without detriment to patient survival.
The screening role of a biomarker panel in BALF among patients with cancer‐suspected pulmonary nodules less than 8 mm
Authors: Xiong Wei , Ding Wei , Xu Mei , Pudasaini Bigyan , Sun Jinyuan , Zhao Yunfeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is intractable to differentiate the malignancy from benignancy of cancer‐suspected pulmonary nodules less than 8 mm.MethodsThe patients with small pulmonary nodules less than 8 mm which were suspected to be primary lung cancer underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage. The level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assayed. Then, all patients underwent histopathological examination by means of surgical resection of nodules to determine their benignancy or malignancy. The nodules’ benignancy and malignancy suggested by the biomarker panel consisted of VEGF, TGF‐β and HGF in BALF were validated by the histopathological results to determine their screening efficiency.ResultsAmong 405 patients with pulmonary nodules less than 8 mm, 252 and 153 were predicted to be malignant and benignant, respectively, by using the biomarker panel in BALF. Finally, 180 (71.4%) of 252 and 114 (74.5%) of 153 were validated to be truly malignant and benignant, respectively, according to the histopathological results. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of screening efficiency for pulmonary nodules less than 8 mm, the results demonstrated that the AUC [0.807 (0.658‐0.882)] of the biomarker panel in BALF was higher compared with that [0.605 (0.433‐0.738)] of the biomarker panel in blood (P = .001).ConclusionsFor patients with cancer‐suspected pulmonary nodules less 8 mm, a biomarker panel of VEGF, TGF‐β and HGF in BALF demonstrated more eligible screening efficiency for the preliminary differentiation of malignancy from benignancy, by contrast with their level in blood as well as PET/CT.
Does previous experience enhance foraging on a particular host in a polyphagous frugivore?
Authors: Silva Rehan , Clarke Anthony R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrior oviposition or feeding experience with a host plant has been proposed to improve foraging efficiency for polyphagous insect herbivores. Many laboratory‐based experiments have attributed certain modified behavioural responses, such as an improved ability to locate a host, as evidence for the benefits of learning. However, few studies have considered the negative ramifications of learning, particularly under field conditions rather than laboratory conditions. In the current study, using the polyphagous fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), we explore both the positive and negative consequences of modified host selection resulting from prior oviposition experience. In field cage experiments, prior oviposition experience on a given host increased the selection of that host despite its abundance and its suitability for offspring development. For example, in a field cage that contained significantly more blueberry (poor larval host) than guava (good larval host), prior experience on guava resulted in more flies selecting and accepting guava than did naïve flies (a presumed positive foraging outcome). However, the opposite also held, that prior experience on blueberry led to increased blueberry use, even when guava was more abundant. In unrestrained flies, prior experience dramatically improved recapture rate with flies locating the training fruit. The results highlight the potential benefits of learning, but also identify that learning can be a disadvantage if prior experience on a poor host leads to flies repeatedly using that host over a more suitable host.
Miller‐Fisher syndrome after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Reyes‐Bueno J. A. , García‐Trujillo L. , Urbaneja P. , Ciano‐Petersen N. L. , Postigo‐Pozo M. J. , Martínez‐Tomás C. , Serrano‐Castro P. J. 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionOn March 11th, 2020, the WHO declared the SARS‐Cov‐2 pandemic. Syndromes have been detected in relation to COVID‐19 such as encephalitis, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy and cerebrovascular complications. There are also cases of peripheral nervous system involvement.MethodsOur case would be the 3rd patient with MFS associated with COVID‐19 as far as we know.ResultsWe present a 51 years old female diagnosed with MFS two weeks after COVID‐19. RTPCR to SARS‐CoV‐2 was negative but IgG was positive.ConclusionMost of the cases were mild or moderate with typical signs and symptoms. All were treated with IV immunoglobulin with good response in most cases. Despite the short evolution time of the cases surviving the current pandemic, the description of cases of post‐infectious neurological syndromes suggests that this is probably not an infrequent complication in the subacute stage of Covid‐19 disease.
Effects of extending duration of exposure to curing light and different measurement methods on depth‐of‐cure analyses of conventional and bulk‐fill composites
Authors: de Cássia Romano Beatriz , Soto‐Montero Jorge , Rueggeberg Frederick A. , Giannini Marcelo 
Published: June 2020

This study evaluated the effect of extending the duration of exposure to curing light on the depth of cure of two conventional (RBC1‐conventional and RBC2‐conventional) and two bulk‐fill (RBC1‐bulk and RBC2‐bulk) resin composites. Polywave and single‐peak photocuring units were used. Cylinder‐shaped specimens were exposed to curing light either for the time period recommended by the manufacturer or twice the length of that time, and depth of cure was estimated using manual scraping (similar to the ISO‐4049 standard) and solvent immersion techniques. Depth of cure was analyzed, using two‐way ANOVA, for the factors measurement method and exposure time. For RBC1‐conventional and RBC1‐bulk, the solvent immersion technique estimated a greater depth of cure than did manual scraping; for RBC1‐conventional, both techniques and both light‐exposure time periods resulted in a depth of cure of >2 mm; and for RBC1‐bulk, only the solvent method after photocuring for twice the manufacturer’s recommended time resulted in a depth of cure of 5 mm. For RBC2‐conventional and RBC2‐bulk, neither technique nor exposure time resulted in estimated depths of cure that matched those indicated by the manufacturer. The results suggest that extending the duration of photopolymerization increases depth of cure. Also, calculation of depth of cure can vary according to the measurement technique used.
Vulnerability of rangeland beef cattle production to climate‐induced NPP fluctuations in the US Great Plains
Authors: Klemm Toni , Briske David D. , Reeves Matthew C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe vulnerability of rangeland beef cattle production to increasing climate variability in the US Great Plains has received minimal attention in spite of potentially adverse socioeconomic and ecological consequences. Vulnerability was assessed as the frequency and magnitude of years in which net primary production (NPP) deviated >±25% from mean values, to represent major forage surplus and deficit years, for a historic reference period (1981–2010), mid‐century (2041–2065), and late‐century (2075–2099) periods. NPP was simulated by MC2, a dynamic global vegetation model, driven by five climate projections for representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. Historically, 4–4.7 years per decade showed either NPP surpluses or deficits. The future number of extreme years increased to 5.4–6.4 and 5.9–6.9 per decade for RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively, which represents an increase of 33%–56% and 38%–73%, respectively. Future simulations exhibited increases in surplus years to between 3 and 5 years in the Northern Plains and 3–3.5 in the Southern Plains. The number of deficit years remained near historic values of 2 in the Northern Plains, but increased in the Southern Plains from 2.5 to 3.3 per decade. Historically, NPP in extreme surplus and deficit years both deviated 40% from mean NPP in all three regions. The magnitude of deficit years increased by 6%–17% in future simulations for all three regions, while the magnitude of surplus years decreased 16% in the Northern Plains and increased 16% in the Southern Plains. The Southern Plains was the only region to exhibit an increase in the magnitude of both surplus and deficit years. Unprecedented future variability of NPP may surpass the existing adaptive capacity of beef producers and adversely impact the economic viability of rangeland cattle production and ecological sustainability of rangeland resources.
Thermal diversity of North American ant communities: Cold tolerance but not heat tolerance tracks ecosystem temperature
Authors: Bujan Jelena , Roeder Karl A. , de Beurs Kirsten , Weiser Michael D. , Kaspari Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimIn ectotherms, gradients of environmental temperature can regulate metabolism, development and ultimately fitness. The thermal adaptation hypothesis assumes that thermoregulation is costly and predicts that more thermally variable environments favour organisms with wider thermal ranges and thermal limits (i.e., critical thermal minima and maxima, CTmin and CTmax) which track environmental temperatures. We test the thermal adaptation hypothesis at two biological levels of organization, the community and species level.LocationContinental USA.Time periodMay–August 2016 and May–August 2017.Major taxa studiedAnts (Hymenoptera:Formicidae).MethodsWe used ramping assays to measure CTmax and CTmin for 132 species of North American ants across 31 communities spanning 15.7° of latitude.ResultsAnts were cold tolerant in cooler environments particularly at the community level where CTmin was positively correlated with the maximum monthly temperature (CTmin = 0.24Tmax − 0.4; R2 = .39, p < .001). In contrast, most ant communities included some highly thermophilic species, with the result that CTmax did not covary with environmental temperature means or extremes. Consequently, we found no evidence that thermally variable environments supported ant communities with broader thermal ranges. We found a strong phylogenetic signal in CTmax but not CTmin. Species level responses paralleled community data, where maximum monthly temperatures positively correlated with species CTmin but not CTmax, which was significantly lower in subterranean species.Main conclusionsOur results suggest a large fraction of continental trait diversity in CTmax and CTmin can be found in a given ant community, with species with high CTmax widely distributed regardless of environmental temperature. Species level analyses found the importance of local microclimate and seasonality in explaining thermal tolerances. Frequent invariance in CTmax of insects at a large scale might be caused by (a) local adaptations to a site's microclimates and (b) species acclimation potential, both of which cannot be accounted for with mean annual temperatures.
The influence of time and irrigant refreshment on biofilm removal from lateral morphological features of simulated root canals
Authors: Pereira T. C. , Dijkstra R. J. B. , Petridis X. , van der Meer W. J. , Sharma P. K. , de Andrade F. B. , van der Sluis L. W. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of irrigant refreshment and exposure time of a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) on biofilm removal from simulated lateral root canal spaces using two different flow rates.MethodologyA dual‐species biofilm was formed by a Constant Depth Film Fermenter (CDFF) for 96 h in plug inserts with anatomical features resembling an isthmus or lateral canal‐like structures. The inserts were placed in a root canal model facing the main canal. NaOCl 2% and demineralized water (control group) were used as irrigant solutions. Both substances were applied at a flow rate of 0.05 and 0.1 mL s−1. The samples were divided into three groups with zero, one or two refreshments in a total exposure time of 15 min. A three‐way analysis of variance (anova) was performed to investigate the interaction amongst the independent variables and the effect of consecutive irrigant refreshment on percentage of biofilm removal. A Tukey post hoc test was used to evaluate the effect of each independent variable on percentage biofilm removal in the absence of statistically significant interactions.ResultsFor the lateral canal, NaOCl removed significantly more biofilm irrespective of the number of refreshments and exposure time (P = 0.005). There was no significant effect in biofilm removal between the consecutive irrigant refreshments measured in the same biofilm. For the isthmus, NaOCl removed significantly more biofilm irrespective of the number of refreshments and exposure time; both NaOCl and a high flow rate removed significantly more biofilm when the exposure time was analysed (P = 0.018 and P = 0.029, respectively). Evaluating the effect of consecutive irrigant refreshment on the same biofilm, 2% NaOCl, 0.1 mL s−1 flow rate and one or two refreshments removed significant more biofilm (P = 0.04, 0.034 and 0.003, <0.001, respectively).ConclusionsIn this model, refreshment did not improve biofilm removal from simulated lateral root canal spaces. NaOCl removed more biofilm from the lateral canal‐ and isthmus‐like structure. A higher flow rate removed significantly more biofilm from the isthmus‐like structure. There was always remaining biofilm left after the irrigation procedures.
The study of hair follicle counts from scalp histopathology in the Thai population
Authors: Visessiri Yingluck , Pakornphadungsit Kallapan , Leerunyakul Kanchana , Rutnin Suthinee , Srisont Smith , Suchonwanit Poonkiat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe horizontal section of a scalp specimen offers an advantage over a vertical section by providing quantitative information. The reference data for hair counts in Asians, including Thais, are inconclusive. We aimed to determine the normal values of hair counts in scalp biopsy specimens in the Thai population.MethodsA 4‐mm punch biopsy was performed at the occipital area of the scalp from subjects presenting with clinically normal hair and scalp appearance. All specimens were horizontally sectioned and observed to assess the number of follicular units and hair follicles, type of hairs, and phase of the hair cycle. The results were further compared between sexes and with the pre‐existing data from previous studies.ResultsNinety specimens were collected from 90 subjects. The average number of total hairs, terminal hairs, vellus hairs, and follicular units per 4‐mm punch scalp skin were 20.5 ± 5.2, 18.2 ± 4.1, 2 (range 0–7), and 9.1 ± 1.6, respectively. The mean ratio of terminal to vellus hair was 8.9:1 and of anagen to telogen hair was 91.9:7.9. There were no gender differences in any of the parameters and no correlations with changing age. Compared to other Asian populations, Thais and Taiwanese showed intermediate values between Iranians and Koreans; when compared to other ethnic groups, hair density in Asians showed lower than Caucasians and Hispanics but was comparable to Africans.ConclusionThis study established reference values of scalp horizontal sections in the Thai population; this will be helpful for clinicians and researchers to evaluate hair disorders.