bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LA DIFFERENZIAZIONE SESSUALE DEL CERVELLO NON Ãˆ SOLO UNA QUESTIONE DI ORMONI
Authors: Negri-Cesi Paola 
Published: March 2020

One of the key events occurring during fetal brain development is the induction of permanent morpho-functional sexual differences in many brain areas. This â€œimprintingâ€ mechanism, operating on a plastic brain within a narrow sensitive window, leads to gender-specific responses to the same stimulus both in neurochemistry/neuroendocrinology, and in some behavioral responses. The origin of CNS dimorphism is a topic that has fascinated neuroscientists for more than 60 years. The conventional view of brain sexual differentiation proposes that the masculine or feminine brain organization depends on the presence or absence of early gonadal steroid exposure: prenatal testosterone (T) surge in males induces both the masculinization and the defeminization of some brain nuclei, while in the absence of fetal gonadal hormones, as in females, the brain appears to feminize spontaneously. Some effects of T depend on its conversion to estradiol or DHT, two active metabolites formed by the enzymes aromatase and 5alpha-reductase type 2, respectively. Many studies carried out on rodents in our and in other laboratories clarified that estradiol and DHT are implicated in both masculinization and defeminization; on the contrary, T as such and DHT seem to be the main brain organizers in men. However, the most recent research, briefly discussed in this paper, has now clarified that the hormonal environment alone is not sufficient to trigger the whole process and that a precise coordination and interaction among hormonal signals, neuronal genome and the epigenome are pivotal to the genesis of brain gender-specific differentiation. Given the complexity of the whole process, it is not surprising that any external perturbation that brain sex differentiation may have heavy consequences on several parameters. Some possible variations related to prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants that interfere with the hormonal activity and/or the epigenome will be briefly analyzed in the final part of the paper.
Balance control near to the limit of stability in young soccer players
Authors: Zając Piotr , Kuczyński Michał , Bieć Ewa 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionTo compare postural performance and strategies in young soccer players between quiet standing and standing close to the limits of stability.MethodsThe study included sixteen boys aged 13 years, who have trained soccer for about 5 years. Their body balance was assessed using the Kistler force platform. All participants performed 6 trials, lasting 20 seconds each: three with eyes open and three with eyes closed. The trials included quiet stance, the maximum foreward tilt and maximum backward tilt. Based on the center of pressure (COP) recorded at sampling rate of 100 Hz the following sway parameters were evaluated: variability, range and mean velocity as well frequency, entropy and fractal dimension.ResultsIn frontal and sagittal plane, the COP variability, range and velocity during stances near the limits of stability were higher than in quiet stance. These increases were independent of the direction of body tilt. Body tilts decreased entropy and frequency in the frontal plane and increased fractality in the sagittal plane regardless the tilting direction. There was also a decrease in fractality in the frontal plane that took place during forward tilt only.ConclusionsForward and backward tilt deteriorated postural performance in a similar way. However their effects on postural strategies were direction dependent. The strategies in the frontal plane indicated increased investment of attention, lower automaticity and more stable control. In contrast, the sagittal strategies displayed decreased stability with no changes in automaticity. Such inter-plane differences suggest specific allocation of the critical postural tasks in response to the threat of fall. It is plausible that, due to complexity of these reciprocal relationships, testing postural control near to stability limits may better differentiate specific groups and experimental manipulations than testing the limits of stability only.
Chronic Living and Delayed Death in Chinese Eldercare Institutions
Authors: Keimig Rose Kay 
Published: March 2020

In urban China, demographic shifts, medical interventions, and technological advancements are reshaping how, when, and where elders live and die. Within institutions, end-of-life interventions may stave off death, but have little to offer those who are saved but not cured. Meanwhile, these end-of-life encounters are unfolding within a larger caregiving landscape that is itself in transition. Increased migration, urbanization, women’s employment rates, and access to medical services are radically altering caregiving arrangements. In particular, sharp declines in fertility have sapped family-based caregiving resources and put enormous pressure on medical institutions. Although China is just beginning to feel the effects of rapid population aging, demand for end-of-life institutional care has already outstripped supply. The few palliative care wards that exist routinely turn away patients, admitting only those whose end is predictably soon. In the process, dying becomes a diagnosis, complicated by insurance regulations, local bioethics, and limited resources. For those cut off from both curative and palliative care, life itself turns pathological, and they find themselves suspended in a state of what I call “chronic living.”
PERCEPÇÕES DOS JOVENS CEGOS DA PAISAGEM URBANA DA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO.
Authors: Lago Lais Cardoso , Bezerra Amélia Cristina Alves 
Published: March 2020

A paisagem, historicamente, é o conceito geográfico de maior apelo imagético, contribuindo, dessa maneira, para a afirmação da visão como forma privilegiada de apreensão da análise geográfica. Todavia, a experiência com o espaço e, portanto, com a paisagem é mais ampla e dialoga com todos os sentidos do corpo, sendo necessário alargar as investigações sobre a diversidade de sujeitos que experimentam e percebem as paisagens. Partindo dessa problemática, o objetivo desse artigo é revelar as percepções das paisagens urbanas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro pelos jovens cegos e de baixa visão, como também refletir sobre elas. Para tanto, construímos um desenho de pesquisa que contemplou a realização de entrevistas com estes e a elaboração de uma cartografia dos seus trajetos pela cidade. Essa pesquisa, realizada ao longo do mestrado, revelou a importância de alargarmos nosso olhar para o conceito de paisagem, em que a “limitação” do exercício da visão mobiliza outros sentidos, traduzindo percepções singulares sobre a cidade. A investigação conduziu também a uma discussão sobre o direito à cidade. Nesse sentido, os(as) cegos(as), os(as) idosos(as), os(as) cadeirantes e outros(as) sujeitos que foram invisibilizados(as) pelas políticas urbanas precisam ser ouvidos(as) e considerados(as) no processo de produção e compreensão da cidade.
Palavras-chave: paisagem urbana, percepção, cegos, baixa visão.
Acessibilidade do adolescente com deficiência auditiva aos serviços de saúde
Authors: Maschendorf Thomaz Manuela , Marten Milbrath Viviane , Irmgard Bärtschi Gabatz Ruth , Freitag Vera Lúcia , Cardoso Vaz Jéssica 
Published: March 2020

Objetiva-se identificar a perspectiva do cuidador familiar acerca das facilidades e dificuldades no acesso do adolescente com deficiência auditiva aos serviços de saúde. Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, no qual participaram 10 cuidadores de adolescentes com deficiência auditiva. Os resultados mostram que a busca pelos serviços de saúde ocorre esporadicamente, em casos de adoecimento e/ou consultas regulares. Os participantes relataram preconceito e indiferença vivenciados dentro dos serviços de saúde. Soma-se a dificuldade que os profissionais têm em comunicar-se com os surdos, ferindo os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde e levando a consultas insatisfatórias. Conclui-se que a falta de preparo e a insegurança dos profissionais dificultam significativamente a qualidade e a humanização da assistência, uma vez que a comunicação é a base para o entendimento humano.
Is a Fecal Microbiota Transplant Useful for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
Authors: Suceveanu Andra-Iulia , Dumitru Andrada , Musat Marilena , Voinea Claudia , Voinea Felix , Parepa Irinel , Pantea Stoian Anca , Mazilu Laura , Suceveanu Adrian Paul 
Published: March 2020

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease represent the major groups of idiopathic disorders in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The etiology includes environmental factors, genetic factors, and immune responses. The pathogenesis is diversified; however, no guaranteed curative therapeutic regimen has been developed so far. This review contains information related to pathophysiology and current treatment options for IBD. It is known that IBD is caused by tissue-disruptive inflammatory reactions of the gut wall; that is why downregulation of the immune responses allows the healing of the damaged mucosa and allows the resetting of the physiological functions of the gut back to normal. The main treatment options are still corticosteroids, immunomodulators, antibiotics, probiotics, and a series of new agents. Their effects include modulation of cytokines, neutrophil-derived factors, adhesion molecules, and reactive oxygen/nitrogen metabolites. The monoclonal antitumor necrosis factor as infliximab recombinant anti-inflammatory cytokines or related gene therapy is also used nowadays. Still, the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered to revolutionize the therapy in IBD, considering the abnormal inflammatory response due to the complicated relationship between microbiota and the immune system. It is imperative to mention the critical role dysbiosis may have in the pathogenesis of IBDs. This review summarizes the available literature concerning the efficacy of FMT in IBDs.
Toward a Two-Route Interpretation of Parmenidean Inquiry
Authors: Smith Colin C. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2020

In this paper I challenge the orthodox view regarding the number of routes of inquiry in Parmenides’s poem. The narrating goddess in Fragment 2 identifies ‘the only routes of inquiry there are for knowing,’ (i) guided by the ‘[. . .] is [. . .]’ and (ii) guided by ‘what-is-not as such.’ In Fragment 6, the goddess considers taking (iii) ‘both to be and not to be’ to be ‘the same and not the same,’ and most modern commentators hold that this constitutes a third route. I argue instead that this interpretation entails missing the routes’ fundamental interconnections, and that the goddess describes only two. To show this, I consider Fragments 2 and 6 before turning to key notions in Doxa, particularly the constitutive ontological kinds ‘light’ and ‘night,’ to account for the second, mortal route. Mortals have missed the being of these two, and I develop an account of the inquiry that is guided by this insight.
A fun and informative Open Access event?
Authors: Malovic Ivana , Søyland Marte J. , Werner Tarjei F. , Vågnes Nikolai , Skagen Therese 
Published: March 2020

Introduction   The Norwegian research council supports the European cOAlition S, demanding that all scientific articles from the research they finance is openly available from 01.01.20211. Since 2013 the University of Oslo have mandatory institutional archiving of all peer reviewed articles in post-print version (after peer review)2. In 2019 several “publish and read” agreements were established between different publishers and the Norwegian higher education sector, enabling article processing charges to be paid by Norwegian universities and research institutions3.
New agreements and changing regulations might be difficult to grasp by students, faculty and library employees. Aim is to test out basic knowledge about Open Access (OA) among beforementioned groups through a short, fun and informative OA event, while asking: Can a board game help promote Open Access?
Method   Choosing an existing OA board game was done based on the following considerations: it must have a recognizable concept and simple rules, be easy to administer, and not be too time consuming. Our choice is “The Game of Open Access”, a game produced by McGuinn and Spikin at University of Huddersfield, UK4. Modification of questions and answers to better fit a Norwegian context and publishing rules at the University of Oslo was essential. After testing of the game between us, minor alterations to the playing rules were added. Just as in the original game, for each correctly answered question, a participant keeps a card. After completing a round, the player gets a token representing a single published article, and then continues the game. The game is finished after all questions are answered correctly. The winner is the participant with the most points. Each card is worth three points and each token one point. These small modifications make the game more balanced and all participants equally involved.
Before playing the game, a short (five minutes) introduction to OA in Norway with presentation of infographics is given. After the game, an evaluation form is administrated among all participants as an online questionnaire. Gameplaying time is approximately 30 minutes, which makes the game perfect for shorter events.
Results    Result from the evaluation form administered to librarians, students and faculty will be collected in the period September 2019-April 2020, in a range of different events. The first findings show that players are satisfied with board game content and questions, but they also suggest certain improvements
Discussion   Can a board game learning activity taking place outside of the ordinary library instructional courses for students and faculty at the University be an asset spreading awareness about Open Access? Does library staff have the basic understanding of the topic, or is further training needed?
Library 5.0
Authors: Guldberg Helle , Præcius Daniel , Gundtoft Martin , Franck Frederick Lehmann , Fallentin Ida , Winding Jonas , Clemmensen Pia , Olsen Stine Lian 
Published: March 2020

The library as pioneer in the development of study competencies for individual student retention and support.
At KEA (Copenhagen School of Design and Technology), we have implemented a newly developed study competencies concept throughout our study programmes. The concept is designed and developed by the library staff and aims to support the individual student during the full length of his/her course of study. Our focus is on student centered learning (SCL), retention, completion and matching the complex requirements of the work place of tomorrow.
In order to actively support the transformation from pupil to student, we have developed and implemented the concept “Study competencies – study-supporting activities”. Thus, enabling our students to complete their studies, whilst contributing to academically stronger graduates.
Specifically, we are providing our students with tools and techniques to manage large amounts of information, understand academic language, structure their time, increase reading speed, apply new knowledge/trends and master the art of problem solving. In short, all essential study techniques and knowledge competencies whilst studying, but also in order to strengthen the students’ transition to a future workplace environment.
The subjects are divided into modules. Each module includes learning objectives, teaching descriptions, videos, assignments and quizzes. All modules and tools are digitally accessible anytime anywhere for both faculty and students. As part of the concept, we have also developed an app – 5 korte (5 short) with five short touchdowns on source criticism, note taking, study reading, time management and research.
The concept is scalable, integrated in the curriculum and follows a progression that supports the student throughout the course of study. We have based our method on co-creation and iterative processes involving faculty and students throughout the entire development process.
Evaluating the repellent effect of four botanicals against two Bactrocera species on mangoes
Authors: Jaleel Waqar , Wang Desen , Lei Yanyuan , Qi Guojun , Chen Ting , Rizvi Syed Arif Hussain , Sethuraman Veeran , He Yurong , Lu Lihua 
Published: March 2020

Background
Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta are economically important fruit fly pests of crops, vegetables, fruits, and nuts worldwide, especially in China. Nowadays in China, B. correcta is a second notorious pest of many fruits after B. dorsalis. Different botanicals have been tested against the B. dorsalis but in the case of B. correcta, no records were published.

Methodology
This study evaluated the repellency of four botanicals (Seriphidium brevifolium, Piper nigrum, Azadirachta indica and quercetin) in acetone dilutions (5%, 2.5% and 1%) against the B. dorsalis and B. correcta at the laboratory conditions (25 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of L:D 14:10 h).

Results
The number of visits after 24–48 h, oviposition punctures, and pupae made by both species were lower on the treated mangoes in comparison to untreated mangoes. S. brevifolium, P. nigrum, A. indica and quercetin have significantly reduced the visits, ovipositional punctures, and pupae of both species. Among botanicals, the P. nigrum was the most effective repellent against B. correcta and as well as B. dorsalis. However, the harmful effects of these botanicals against natural enemies are still unknown.
Seed Maturity Indices of Semecarpus anacardium Linn under Garhwal Himalayan Condition: A Highly Valuable Medicinal Tree
Authors: Rathiesh P. , Negi Ajeet Kumar 
Published: March 2020

In the Himalayan region, there are several tree species which are relatively less studied particularly in reference to their seed maturation. Semecarpus anacardium Linn (Marking Nut) is a medicinal tree which is found in Garhwal Himalaya and mostly propagated through seeds. In perennial crops, selection of fruits is an important management techniques adopted after fruit harvest as it plays an important role in production of high quality seedlings in nursery. Hence, studies were formulated to evaluate the influence of fruit colour variation on seed quality characters. Fresh marking nut were collected from Dehradun, Lansdowne and Kalagarh Forest Division, Uttarakhand, India. The fruits were categorized based on the colour into four different groups such as T1 as Ground collection (dried), T2 as fully ripened fruits, T3 as Semi ripened & T4 as unripened (fully green) and seeds were sown on petri dish with five replications of 20 seeds each by Randomized block design (CRD) under Laboratory condition. In all parameters, seed maturity indices- ground collection and fully ripened seeds showed significant results with respect to germination percentage, germination capacity, sedling vigour index, collar diameter and height.
Examples, practice problems, or both? Effects on motivation and learning in shorter and longer sequences
Authors: van Harsel Milou , Hoogerheide Vincent , Verkoeijen Peter , van Gog Tamara 
Published: March 2020

SummaryResearch suggests some sequences of examples and problems (i.e., EE, EP) are more effective (higher test performance) and efficient (attained with equal/less mental effort) than others (PP, sometimes also PE). Recent findings suggest this is due to motivational variables (i.e., self‐efficacy), but did not test this during the training phase. Moreover, prior research used only short task sequences. Therefore, we investigated effects on motivational variables, effectiveness, and efficiency in a short (Experiment 1; four learning tasks; n = 157) and longer task sequence (Experiment 2; eight learning tasks; n = 105). With short sequences, all example conditions were more effective, efficient, and motivating than PP. With longer sequences, all example conditions were more motivating and efficient than PP, but only EE was more effective than PP. Moreover, EE was most efficient during training, regardless of sequence length. These results suggest that example study (only) is more effective, efficient, and more motivating than PP.
Predictors of Smoking Cessation in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Two Cohorts: Most Predictive Health Care Factors
Authors: Schletzbaum Maria , Wang Xing , Greenlee Robert , Piper Megan E. , Bartels Christie M. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveRecognizing smoking as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) severity, the present study was undertaken to evaluate patient‐ and health care–level predictors of smoking cessation in patients with RA to guide implementation of smoking cessation interventions.MethodsElectronic health record data from 2 health systems were abstracted for patients with at least 2 International Classification of Disease diagnosis codes for RA between 2005 and 2016. Patients missing smoking statuses or with <6 months of follow‐up were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of smoking cessation.ResultsAmong 3,577 patients with RA, 507 smoked at baseline, and 29% quit over a median of 4.75 years. Black male patients, ages 40–59 years and enrolled in Medicaid, were significantly more likely to be baseline smokers; however, none of these factors predicted cessation. Instead, patients new to rheumatology care were 60% more likely to quit (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] 1.60 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.02–2.50]), and patients in the rural community health system were 66% more likely to quit (ORadj 1.66 [95% CI 1.03–2.69]). Seropositive patients were 43% less likely to quit smoking (ORadj 0.57 [95% CI 0.35–0.91]).ConclusionHealth care factors, including health system and being new to rheumatology care, were more predictive of smoking cessation in patients with RA than patient sociodemographic factors, suggesting an important role for health system cessation efforts for patients with RA. Seropositive patients were less likely to quit and may particularly benefit from cessation support. Emphasizing smoking cessation with new or seropositive RA patients and leveraging health system interventions could improve smoking cessation and outcomes in RA.
Engineered Deregulation of Expression in Yeast with Designed Hybrid‐Promoter Architectures in Coordination with Discovered Master Regulator Transcription Factor
Authors: Ergün Burcu Gündüz , Demir İrem , Özdamar Tunçer H. , Gasser Brigitte , Mattanovich Diethard , Çalık Pınar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEngineered promoters are key components in the cell‐factory design, allowing precise and enhanced expression of genes. Promoters having exceptional strength are attractive candidates for designing metabolic engineering strategies for tailoring de novo production strategies that require directed evolution methods by engineering with de novo synthetic biology tools. Here, the custom‐designed AOX1 hybrid‐promoter architectures in coordination with targeted transcription factors are shown, transcriptionally rewired the expression over methanol‐free substrate‐utilization pathway(s) and converted methanol‐dependent Pichia pastoris alcohol oxidase 1(AOX1) promoter (PAOX1) expression into a non‐toxic carbon‐source‐regulated system. AOX1 promoter variants are engineered by replacing specified cis‐regulatory DNA elements with synthetic Adr1, Cat8, and Aca2 cis‐acting DNA elements for Mxr1, Cat8, and Aca1 binding, respectively. Applications of the engineered‐promoters are validated for eGFP expression and extracellular human serum albumin production. The hybrid‐promoter architecture designed with single Cat8 cis‐acting DNA element deregulates the expression on ethanol. Compared with PAOX1 on methanol, the expression on ethanol is increased with i) PAOX1/Cat8‐L3 (designed with single Cat8 cis‐acting element) to 74%, ii) PAOX1/Adr1‐L3/Cat8‐L3 (designed with single‐ Cat8 and Adr1 cis‐acting elements) to 85%, and for further consolidation of deregulated expression iii) PeAOX1 (designed with triplet‐ Cat8 and Adr1 cis‐acting elements) 1.30‐fold, at t = 20 h of batch cultivations.