bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Attenuates Glutamate Release and Kainic Acid-Induced Excitotoxicity in the Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Lu Cheng Wei , Lin Tzu Yu , Wang Su Jane 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExcessive glutamate concentration induces neuronal death in acute brain injuries and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Natural compounds from medicinal plants have attracted considerable attention for their use in the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders. 11-Keto-β-boswellic acid, a triterpenoid found in the medicinal plant Boswellia serrata, has neuroprotective potential. The present study investigated the effect of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid on glutamate release in vitro and kainic acid-induced glutamate excitotoxicity in vivo in the rat hippocampus. In rat hippocampal nerve terminals (synaptosomes), 11-keto-β-boswellic acid dose-dependently inhibited 4-aminopyridine-stimulated glutamate release. This effect was dependent on extracellular calcium, persisted in the presence of the glutamate transporter inhibitor DL-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate, and was blocked by the vesicular transporter inhibitor bafilomycin A1. In addition, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid reduced the 4-aminopyridine-induced increase in intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ levels. The N- and P/Q-type channel blocker ω-conotoxin MVIIC and the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 significantly suppressed the 11-keto-β-boswellic acid-mediated inhibition of glutamate release, whereas the intracellular Ca2+-releasing inhibitors dantrolene, CGP37157, and xestospongin C, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059, as well as protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C had no effect. In a rat model of excitotoxicity induced by intraperitoneal kainic acid injection (15 mg/kg), intraperitoneal 11-keto-β-boswellic acid administration (10 or 50 mg/kg) 30 min before kainic acid injection considerably ameliorated kainic acid-induced glutamate concentration elevation and CA3 neuronal death. These data suggested that 11-keto-β-boswellic acid inhibits glutamate release from the rat hippocampal synaptosomes by suppressing N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels and protein kinase A activity, as well as exerts protective effects against kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity in vivo.
Comparison of the performance of risk scoring systems for tumor bleeding in patients with inoperable gastric cancer
Authors: Kim Young-Il , Choi Il Ju , Lee Jong Yeul , Kim Chan Gyoo , Kim Hark Kyun , Park Young Lee 
Published: February 2020

Background The Glasgow – Blatchford bleeding score (GBS) and admission and full Rockall scores are widely used risk scoring systems to stratify risk and determine the need for intervention in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We evaluated the performance of these risk scoring systems in patients with gastric cancer and tumor bleeding.
Methods This retrospective study included patients with inoperable gastric cancer who presented with tumor bleeding at the National Cancer Center, Korea, between 2001 and 2015. The GBS, and admission and full Rockall scores were calculated. Primary outcome was the performance of the risk scoring systems in predicting the need for urgent interventions (endoscopic therapy, transarterial embolization, and surgery). The risk factors associated with urgent intervention were analyzed.
Results Of 357 patients with tumor bleeding, 118 (33.1 %; 116 endoscopic therapy, 2 trans-arterial embolization) required urgent intervention. The full Rockall score was better at predicting the need for urgent intervention (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.78; P < 0.001) than the GBS (0.56) and admission Rockall score (0.56). Hemostatic intervention was not performed in patients with a full Rockall score ≤ 6 (103 patients, 28.9 %). On multivariate analysis, endoscopic stigmata of recent hemorrhage of Forrest classes Ia – IIb were significant factors associated with urgent intervention.
Conclusions The full Rockall score was superior to the GBS and admission Rockall score in predicting the need for urgent intervention for tumor bleeding. Thus, endoscopic evaluation is required to determine the need for urgent intervention in patients with gastric cancer and tumor bleeding.
Iodine-Based Reagents in Oxidative Amination and Oxygenation
Authors: Kiyokawa Kensuke , Minakata Satoshi 
Published: February 2020

In this Account, we provide an overview of our recent advances in oxidative transformations that enable the introduction of nitrogen and oxygen functionalities into organic molecules by taking advantage of the unique characteristics of iodine-based reagents, such as hypervalency, soft Lewis acidity, high leaving ability, and radical reactivity. We also report on the development of new types of hypervalent iodine reagents containing a transferable nitrogen functional group with the objective of preparing primary amines, which is described in the latter part of this Account.1	Introduction2	Decarboxylative Functionalization of β,γ-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids3	Decarboxylative Functionalization at Tertiary Carbon Centers4	C–H Bond Functionalization at Tertiary Carbon Centers5	Intramolecular C–H Amination of Sulfamate Esters and N-Alkylsulfamides6	Oxidative Amination with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents Containing Transferable Nitrogen Functional Groups7	Summary and Outlook
Current Advances in Sustained Release Microneedles
Authors: Du Guangsheng , Sun Xun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicroneedles have been extensively investigated for intradermal delivery of drugs and vaccines due to advantages including high skin delivery efficiency, improved patient compliance, and potential for self-administration. However, traditional microneedles cannot regulate the release kinetics of payloads, limiting therapeutic utility of the biotherapeutics. Recently, several types of microneedles with sustained release properties, including slow-dissolving microneedles made of hydrophilic polymers, degradable microneedles made of hydrophobic polymers, and bioresponsive microneedles made of bioresponsive polymers, have been developed and investigated for intradermal delivery of the biotherapeutics, aiming for improving their therapeutic potency, reducing side effects and administration frequency, and further improving patient compliance. In this review, we introduced different types of microneedles that have been designed for sustained release of the payloads, summarized various applications of these microneedles, and discussed the future prospects of this technology.
EU nationals in the UK after BREXIT
Authors: Vathi Zana , Trandafoiu Ruxandra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union has triggered a variety of forms of political engagement
among EU nationals living in the UK. Our research, carried out in the North West of England, an area that has received little
attention so far, demonstrates that the result of the 2016 Referendum sparked a new awareness of public discourse, has led to the
emergence of new political and discursive attitudes and strategies, as well as persuasive reflexivity and incipient activism on
the part of EU nationals. This article thus contributes to the existing literature on political engagement by analysing EU
nationals’ cognitive, discursive and pro/re-active engagements with Brexit.
Migration controls in Italy and Hungary
Authors: Korkut Umut , Terlizzi Andrea , Gyollai Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the humanitarianism and securitisation nexus in effect to migration controls in Italy and Hungary. Noteworthy for our purposes is how the humanitarian discourse is undervalued as the EU border states emphasise either full securitisation or else securitisation as a condition for humanitarianism when it comes to border management and refugee protection measures. Our goal is to trace, on the one hand, how politicians conceptualise humanitarianism for the self and for the extension of the self; and, on the other, how they subscribe to humanitarianism for the other as long as the other follows what the self demands. Reflecting on the institutional and discursive nexus of humanitarianism and securitization in effect to migration controls, we trace political narratives of Europeanisation geared to affect the public. We refer to how securitisation challenges humanitarianism while undervaluing human rights for the other and foregrounding human rights for the self.
Scrape-off layer (SOL) power width scaling and correlation between SOL and pedestal gradients across L, I and H-mode plasmas at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Silvagni D , Eich T , Faitsch M , Happel T , Sieglin B , David P , Nille D , Gil L , Stroth U 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A cross-regime (L-mode, I-mode and H-mode) database combining scrape-off layer (SOL) power decay length λ

q
divertor measurements and upstream SOL electron pressure, temperature and density decay lengths has been assembled at ASDEX Upgrade. It is found that a cross-regime λ

q
scaling is best described by a local edge quantity, such as the edge electron pressure evaluated at ρ
pol = 0.95. Furthermore, λ

q
exhibits a clear correlation with edge electron pressure gradient lengths, no matter if taken inside or outside the separatrix. In addition, the database reveals that SOL and pedestal electron pressure gradients are remarkably well correlated across all confinement regimes. The physical interpretation of this observation is discussed with regard to an edge pressure critical gradient paradigm governing the edge physics and to a turbulence spreading in the SOL. Moreover, it is shown that the Spitzer–Härm electron conduction regime is a reasonable approximation to estimate λ

q
across different confinement regimes. The main implication of these findings is that a widening of λ

q
is linked to a reduction of edge electron pressure gradients.
Analytical approach to synchronous states of globally coupled noisy rotators
Authors: Munyaev V O , Smirnov L A , Kostin V A , Osipov G V , Pikovsky A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study populations of globally coupled noisy rotators (oscillators with inertia) allowing a nonequilibrium transition from a desynchronized state to a synchronous one (with the nonvanishing order parameter). The newly developed analytical approaches resulted in solutions describing the synchronous state with constant order parameter for weakly inertial rotators, including the case of zero inertia, when the model is reduced to the Kuramoto model of coupled noise oscillators. These approaches provide also analytical criteria distinguishing supercritical and subcritical transitions to the desynchronized state and indicate the universality of such transitions in rotator ensembles. All the obtained analytical results are confirmed by the numerical ones, both by direct simulations of the large ensembles and by solution of the associated Fokker–Planck equation. We also propose generalizations of the developed approaches for setups where different rotators parameters (natural frequencies, masses, noise intensities, strengths and phase shifts in coupling) are dispersed.
Improvement of Bangka’s white pepper quality using gamma irradiation technology: microbial contamination reduction
Authors: Darwis Darmawan , Puspitasari Tita , Nuryanthi Nunung , Kadir Idrus , Wattiny  , Pangerteni Dewi Sekar , Susilawati Sri 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The improvement of Bangka’s white pepper quality in term of microbial contamination and physicochemical parameters has been done using gamma irradiation. Pepper samples were irradiated using gamma rays with dose of 2 to 10 kGy, and 0 kGy as unirradiated (control). The Harwell dosimeter was used to determine the absorbed dose. To evaluate the storage effect on the Bangka’s white pepper quality, the optimum irradiation dose of 8 kGy was used and peppers were then kept at room temperature (27°C) for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The results showed that unirradiated sample was contaminated by bacteria and mold, both of them with concentration of 103 up to 104, while there was no contamination of yeast, E. coli and Salmonella. The physicochemical properties such as light berries, dark-colored berries, moisture, piperine and essential oil contents were 1.7, 0.7, 11, 5.5 and 2.8 (w/w), respectively. Gamma irradiation with dose of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kGy reduced the number of bacteria to 3.5x101, 2.5x101, less than 10, less than 10 and 1.5x101 cfu/g, respectively. While for mold, irradiation from 2 up to 10 kGy reduce the number of molds to become less than 10 cfu/g. From the dose evaluation, irradiation dose of 8 kGy was selected to evaluate the effect of storage time. It was found that storage time up to 12 months, unirradiated sample still showed contamination of bacteria from 103 up to 104 cfu/g, while the irradiated pepper showed the contamination less than 10 cfu/g. The effect of storage time on physicochemical properties showed that there is no significant change for both unirradiated and irradiated pepper even after kept for 12 months. Piperine and essential oil contents of unirradiated pepper were 5.45 and 2.4%, respectively. Irradiated pepper showed slightly higher piperine content compared to un-irradiated. It can be concluded that gamma irradiation with a dose of 8 kGy is effective to improve the quality of Bangka’s white pepper while maintaining its bioactive substances (piperine and essential oil) and other physicochemical properties as well.
Commissioning Test of the Iradiator Gamma Merah Putih
Authors: Satmoko A. , Gunawan H.A. , Kardos R. , Rozali B. , Purwadi M. D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Initialized with design phase in 2015, BATAN developed a gamma irradiator, namely the Iradiator Gamma Merah Putih (IGMP). Located in Puspiptek Serpong, the IGMP finished its construction in 2017. Commissioning test was performed for assuring that the installation is designed, constructed and installed according to the operational requirements. The commissioning test consists of cold and hot commissioning. Cold commissioning refers to testing the operation of the irradiator without radioactive sources. The test was carried out by doing a checklist on the operating table list. The test showed that in all operations, all irradiator equipment and systems are functioning well as per the requirements. It was then concluded that the irradiation facility was ready to receive radioactive sources. In July 2017, the gamma irradiator was loaded with 301 kCi of Cobalt-60 sources provided in 29 source rods distributed into three racks individually controlled by hoist mechanism. Hot commissioning was carried out by lifting up all radioactive sources, and then radiation exposures were measured. In the preliminary tests, there were some locations at the third floor, where the radiation exposures were too high. It was then be minimized by correcting the roof plugs positions and by adding lead material as additional shielding. Finally, measurements show that all radiation exposures were less than 1 μSv/h and safe for public.
Elemental analysis of SRM 1547 peach leaves, 1573a tomato leaves, and 1570a spinach leaves
Authors: Alfian  , Yusuf S , Sutisna  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Neutron Activation Analysis Techniques more used in determining macro and microcontent in food ingredients. The quality of the test results is needed to produce a valid analysis. To validate the result of the analysis of macro and micro mineral content in food ingredients, quantitative analysis of the elements in the reference standard is NIST SRM 1547 certified Peach Leaves, NIST SRM 1573a Tomato Leaves, and NIST SRM 1570a Spinach Leaves have been done. The Z-score parameter was used as a validation parameter. Elemental with a long half-life was determined quantitatively using the NAA k0 method. The elements were determined quantitatively through long-lived radioisotopes using the k0 Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis in the G.A Siwabessy reactor. A number of 50 mg-120 mg samples were weighed and irradiated at the neutron flux of 2.5x1013 n.cm−2.s−1. Irradiation was carried out for 3 hours on the rabbit system while counting with gamma spectrometry was carried out after cooling time of 23 weeks. Quantitative analysis was carried out using a soft K0-IAEA device. The results of quantitative analysis obtained elements of Ca, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr on SRM NIST 1547 Peach Leaves; elements of Ca, Cr, Fe, Co on NIST SRM 1573a Tomato leaves and elements Ca, Sc, Zn, Rb, Sr, Co on NIST SRM 1570a Spinach Leaves with uncertainty <10% (3.26-8.68%). The Z-score value ranges from-1.25 to 0.69 and the relative bias ranges from 0.1 to 6.28%, so the results of the analysis of these elements are valid for testing elements in food.
Study of pmma dosimeters response against storage temperature and post-irradiation time
Authors: Fitriana R , Putri M A E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In ensuring the correct amount of the absorbed dose received, the proper treatment in dosimeter measurement is needed due to several factors that can affect the measurement results. Therefore, the observation focuses on the measurement results of the absorbed dose of type 3042 AA Harwell fabrication-PMMA dosimeter against storage temperature and post-irradiation time. The dosimeter is irradiated using Gamma Cell Upgrade 220 with a dose rate of 4,718 Gy/hour and a target dose of 10 kGy and 25 kGy. Irradiated dosimeters are treated with storage temperatures at 4°C, 23°C, and 40°C and post-irradiation times at 0 hours, 1 hour, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days. The absorbed-dose measurements are compared with the calibration results of PMMA dosimeter with the Fricke standard. At the target dose of 10 kGy, it shows that the temperature of 23°C has the smallest average error that is 5.76% with a 7-day measurement tolerance time. A similar thing happened at the target dose of 25 kGy, it has the smallest average error of 1.81%. However, the target dose of 25 kGy shows that dosimeter cannot be stored at 40°C longer than 1 day due to error tolerance is reaching 46.09%.
Study on technology of RF ion source for compact neutron generator
Authors: Pudjorahardjo D S , Suprapto  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The technology of RF ion source for compact neutron generator has been studied. Compact neutron generator is a neutron generator with a relatively small size compared to conventional neutron generator; therefore it is very convenient to be used for field applications. Although the size is relatively small, compact neutron generator has the capability to produce neutrons with high neutron yield and the long operational lifetime which are the requirements of neutron generator for field applications. The main parts of the compact neutron generator are constructed in a small chamber of 2 – 5 cm diameter, 30 – 50 cm length. One of the main parts is ion source to produce positive deuteron ions which will bombard the target to produce fast neutrons. There are some types of an ion source for a compact neutron generator, one of which is radio frequency (RF) ion source. The advantage of the RF ion source is that most of the produced ions (> 80%) are atomic ions. Therefore the efficiency of the ion source is greater and subsequently the neutron yield is greater, small ions beam spot without overheating at the target. RF ion source requires an RF generator/RF power supply. The operating frequency of the RF generator is usually of 13.56 MHz. The output impedance of the RF generator is adjusted to the impedance of the transmission line (50 Ohm). A matching network is used to match the impedance of the RF antenna (0.5 – 2 Ohm) in order to maximize the transfer of RF power and to protect the equipment.
Hydroxyapatite (Ha) labeling with a phosphorus-32 radioisotope of the TRIGA 2000 reactor irradiation result as a candidate for radiosinovectomy therapy
Authors: Rattyananda B S , Febrian M B , Setiadi Y , Setiawan D , Aziz A , Mulyati T S , Suherman A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Radiosynovectomy is a therapy performed on patients with acute-level arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis) as an alternative solution besides surgery. Radiosynovectomy is performed using a labeled compound with a particle size of 0.5-10 μm labeled with a β radioisotope. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a 1-10 μm-sized compound found in bones with the components of Calcium (Ca) & Phosphorus (P). Phosphorus-32 (32P) is a radioactive form of Phosphorus which emits pure beta rays and is often used for therapy. Labelling HA with 32P tends to be easy to do with a substitution reaction, because phosphorus is the main constituent of HA. Phosphorus-32 was made by irradiating natural sulfur at the Bandung TRIGA 2000 reactor facility following the 32S (n, p) 32P reaction mechanism. The separation process of Phosphorus-32 was carried out by a distillation method followed by extraction with 0.01 N HCl accompanied by heating for 30 minutes. The Phosphorus-32 solution is then passed through a 3 gr cation exchange resin. Before Phosphorus-32 was used for Labelling of HA, a Radionuclide Purity test was performed with a gamma-MCA spectrophotometer and a Radiochemical Purity test using paper chromatography. The test results showed Phosphorus-32 had Radionuclide Purity > 99.99% and Radiochemical Purity > 96%. 0.5 mCi Phosphorus-32 which meets the quality test requirements is reacted with 7 mg Ha at pH 7. Then it is vortexed at 1500 rpm for 60 minutes with 70 ° C heating. HA-32P is separated using centrifugation into residual and supernatant fractions. Measure the radioactivity of both fractions with a dose calibrator. Labeling Yield HA with Phosphorus-32 was obtained 98%. Furthermore this HA is ready to be used in in vivo tests for radiosynovectomy.
Stability of 131I-Ortho-Iodo-Hippuric Acid (131I-Hippuran) Labelled Compound Produced by CANST (Center of Applied Nuclear Science and Technology)-BATAN Bandung
Authors: Rosyidiah Endah , Mulyati Titin Sri , Teguh Hafiz AW , Sugiharti Rizky Juwita , Sriyani Maula Eka 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

131I-ortho-iodo-hippuiic acid (131-Hippuran) labelled compound has been used in nuclear medicine for renal function evaluation. The labelled compound solution administered to patients via intravenous injection. Radiation from the labelled compound tracked by gamma detector in Renograph. PSTNT has succeeded produce 131-Hippuran to cover the demand from An Nur Urology-Specialized Hospital, Yogyakarta. 131-Hippuran was purified by column chromatography method. HPLC analysis were performed to specified which fraction has higher radiochemical purity and will be used for patients. 131-Hippuran stability testing needs to be done related to the decay of radioactive compounds. Three storage temperatures were prepared as follows: 4, 25, and 30thC. Radiochemical purity of each temperature determined by paper electrophoresis method on day 1, 6, 9, 13, 20, 23, and 30. The static phase used was whatman 1 paper, while mobile phase was phosphate buffer pH 9. The initial radiochemical purity is 99.52%. While on 30” day, radiochemical purity in storage temperatures of 4, 25, and 30°C are 97.04, 96.37, and 96.96% respectively. Statistical analysis using SPSS was performed to determine whether there was a significant difference in the radiochemical purity of each storage temperature. Normality and homogeneity test showed the radiochemical purity is normally distributed and has homogenous variance at three different storage temperature. Furthermore, the result of One-way ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference of radiochemical purity in various storage temperatures. In conclusion, 131-Hippuran labelled compound produced by CANST-BATAN Bandung is relatively stable up to 30 days and not affected by storage temperature.