bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative morphological study of human hyoid bone in Malwa Region of Central India
Authors: Chouhan Vijay , Parmar Narayan , Jain Ravi , Chaturvedi Manish 
Published: October 2020

There are many tools and a technique for identification of sex in unknown human skeletons one of them is morph metric study of the human hyoid bone is a useful tool. Work for hyoid bone with respect weight and different measurement of identification of sex. In our study 32 male and 18 female bones of age group range 15 to 60 years were received from the human deceased body during post-mortem. In greater part dimension there is a obvious dissimilarity between male & female hyoid bone. The Mean, Range, SD & all parameter of the hyoid bone were calculated by the typical technique.The material include 50 specimens of hyoid bones received from deceased human body during dissection, museum at Index medical college institute and research centre at Indore and autopsy at M.G.M Medical College, Indore from 2013-2016. Out of 200 medico legal cases in the age range from 15 years to 60 years, measurements carried out with the help of vernier caliper & electronic weighing machine.The consequences of these boundary female qualities are not exactly the in male. The mean vertical length between center of the foremost surface of the body & cross over line drawn between the tubercles of more cornua in the midline in males is 36.812±3.16 mm & in females is 32.31 ± 2.44 mm, the distinction being significant (p value &#60; 0.001).The investigations of the male human hyoid bone for the principal of the estimations were more when contrasted with the estimations of female human hyoid bones. In a large portion of the boundaries there was a clear differentiation between the estimations of both male female. For recognition of sex in these bones, single figuring may not be adequate to choose the sex of the bones and it gets required to see all the estimation before choosing the sex of a unidentified hyoid bone.
Strategi Pelestarian Arsip dalam Menghadapi Bencana di Indonesia
Authors: Junawan Hendra , Deritani Rezki 
Published: October 2020

Melestarikan arsip berarti memastikan bahwa arsip dapat diakses selama diperlukan. Anda dapat melestarikan arsip tercetak dengan melakukan penangan yang sesuai prosedur dan penyimpanan di lingkungan yang terlindungi dan terkendali. Sedangkan tingkat kerusakan akan berbeda, umur dari arsip Anda dan informasi yang terkandung akan bergantung pada tindakan pelestarian yang Anda terapkan. Bagaimana strategi pelestarian arsip dalam menghadapi bencana di Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian lapangan yaitu “kajian pustaka” yang mempunyai sifat deskriptif. Pemeliharaan arsip dilakukan untuk menjamin bahwa arsip disimpan di tempat yang baik dan aman dengan fasilitas yang lengkap dan dapat ditemukan secara cepat. Membuat perencanaan merupakan langkah yang penting untuk diterapkan pada saat terjadi bencana. Insiden yang tiba-tiba atau tidak terduga, alami atau buatan manusia, dapat merusak arsip. Insiden itu bisa merusak fasilitas penyimpanan juga, menghambat upaya penyelamatan dan pemulihan..
Export deliveries of certain types of products of the foundry and metallurgical industry to the countries of the European Union from 2010 to 2019....................................................................................................................
Authors: Nikolaichik Yu. A. , Sobolev V. E. 
Published: October 2020

The European Union is one of the main trade partners of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. This article analyzes the level of export deliveries from these countries and some other countries to the EU over 10 years (2010–2019) of foundry and metallurgical products in accordance with the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS Nomenclature) for group 72 «Iron and steel». Data is taken from official statistical reports of the European Union.The first part of the article provides information on exports from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine of products by commodity items 7201–7218,7224, 7228 of group 72, with the list of the three largest exporting countries to the EU by these item and total world exports to the EU. There are 29 commodity items in the group 72, and 20 items have been selected where the role of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine is more significant. If you take all the 29 items, the article is very cumbersome.The second part provides data on exports to the EU from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine and 11 other countries in whole group 72 «Iron and Steel» for 2010–2019 according to HS Nomenclature. A brief analysis of supply trends is made, and some conclusions on exports to the EU of the selected commodity items and group 72 as a whole are presented.
The impact of growth differentiation factor 15 on the risk of cardiovascular diseases: two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Yang Fangkun , Ma Menghuai , Bao Qinyi , Shen Jinlian , Ye Feiming , xie xiaojie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a stress responsive cytokine, belongs to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) cytokine superfamily. Some evidence support that it’s involved in inflammation, coagulation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and hemostasis. However, it’s still controversial whether GDF-15 directly contributes to the morbidity and mortality of patients suffered with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Besides prospective cohort study and randomized controlled trial, Mendelian randomization (MR) is a genetic epidemiological method that exploits genetic variants as unbiased proxies for modifiable to determine the causal relationships between exposures and health outcomes. Herein, we introduced a two-sample MR approach to evaluate the causal relationships of circulating GDF-15 levels with major CVDs incidence.Methods: Genetic instruments and summary statistics for two-sample MR analysis were obtained from 5 independent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the causal correlation between circulating GDF-15 levels and 9 CVDs, respectively. Conventional inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was adopted to evaluate the causality of GDF-15 with different outcomes; weighted median and MR egger were used for sensitivity analyses.Results: Among 9 SNPs identified from 5 GWASs in 2.6 million individuals, 5 SNPs (rs1227731, rs3195944, rs17725099, rs888663, rs749451) coming from chromosome 19 and containing the PGPEP1 and GDF-15 genes were employed. Based on the instruments, circulating GDF-15 levels significantly linked to the increased risk of cardioembolic stroke, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. However, no significant causal association was observed for circulating GDF-15 levels with the incidence of any ischemic stroke, large-artery atherosclerotic stroke, small vessel stroke, heart failure and nonischemic cardiomyopathy.Conclusions: The MR study provides with genetic evidence for the causal relationship of circulating GDF-15 levels with the increased risk of cardioembolic stroke, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, but not any ischemic stroke, large-artery atherosclerotic stroke, small vessel stroke, heart failure and nonischemic cardiomyopathy. It indicates that GDF-15 might be a promising biomarker or potential therapeutic target for some CVDs.
Different Limb Lengths in Gastric Bypass Surgery: Study Protocol for A Swiss Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (SLIM)
Authors: Kraljević Marko , Schneider Romano , Wölnerhanssen Bettina , Bueter Marco , Delko Tarik , Peterli Ralph 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are reaching epidemic proportions. In morbidly obese patients, bariatric operations lead to sustained weight loss and relief of comorbidities in the majority of patients. Laparoscopic Roux-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most frequently performed operations, but it is still unknown why some patients respond better than others. Therefore, a number of variations of this operation have been introduced. Recent evidence suggests that a longer bypassed biliopancreatic limb (BPL) has the potential to be more effective compared to the standard RYGB with a shorter BPL length. This article describes the design and protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing the outcome of a RYGB operation with a long versus short BPL.Methods/Design The trial is designed as a multicenter, randomized, patient and observer blinded trial. The relevant ethics committee has approved the trial protocol. To demonstrate that long BPL RYGB is superior compared to short BPL RYGB in terms of weight loss and resolution of T2DM the study is conducted as a superiority trial. Postoperative percent excess body mass index loss (%EBMIL) is the primary endpoint, whereas morbidity, mortality, remission of obesity related comorbidities and quality of life are secondary endpoints. Eight hundred patients, between 18 and 65 years and with a body mass index (BMI) from 35 to 60 kg/m2 who meet the regulatory rules for bariatric surgery in Switzerland will be randomized. The endpoints and baseline measurements will be assessed pre-, intra- and postoperatively.Discussion With its high number of patients and a 5-year follow-up this study will answer questions about effectiveness and safety of long BPL RYGB and provide level I evidence for improvement of the standard RYGB. These findings might therefore potentially influence global bariatric surgery guidelines.Trial registration This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT04219787, on January 7th, 2020.
Socioeconomic inequity in inpatient service utilization based on need among internal migrants: Evidence from 2014 national cross-sectional survey in China
Authors: Wang Yi , Jing Zhengyue , Ding Lulu , Tang Xue , Feng Yuejing , Li Jie , Chen Zhuo , Zhou Chengchao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Providing equal treatment for those who have the same need for healthcare, regardless of their socioeconomic and cultural background, has become a shared goal among policymakers who strive to improve healthcare. This study aims to identify the socioeconomic status (SES) inequities in inpatient service utilization based on need among migrants by using a nationally representative study in China.
Methods: The data used in this study was derived from the 2014 National Internal Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey collected by the National Health Commission of China. The sampling frame for this study was taken using the stratified multistage random sampling method. All provincial urban belt and key cities were stratified, and 119 strata were finally determined. We used logistic regression method and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and calculated the concentration index to measure inequities of SES in inpatient service utilization based on need. Sample weights provided in the survey were applied in all the analysis and all standard errors in this study were clustered at the strata level.
Results: Of the total internal migrants, 18.75% unmet the inpatient service need. Results showed that inpatient service utilization concentrated among high-SES migrants (Concentration Index: 0.036, p <0.001) and the decomposition results suggested that about 44.16% of the total SES gap in inpatient service utilization could be attributed to the gradient effect. After adjusting for other confounding variables, those had high school degree and university degree were more likely to meet the inpatient services need, and the OR values were 1.48 (95% CI 1.07, 2.03, p =0.017) and 2.04 (95% CI 1.45, 2.88, p =0.001), respectively. The OR values for Quartile 3 and Quartile 4 income groups was 1.28 (95% CI 1.01, 1.62, p =0.044) and 1.37 (95% CI 1.02, 1.83, p =0.035), respectively.
Conclusion: This study observed an inequity in inpatient service utilization where the utilization concentrates among high SES migrants. It is important for policy makers to be aware of them and more intervention should be conducted.
IPSE, a Urogenital Parasite-Derived Immunomodulatory Molecule, Suppresses Bladder Pathogenesis and Anti-Microbial Peptide Gene Expression in Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Mbanefo Evaristus C. , Le Loc , Pennington Luke F. , Hsieh Yi-Ju , Odegaard Justin I. , Lapira Kristina , Jardetzky Theodore S. , Falcone Franco H. , Hsieh Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Parasitic infections can increase susceptibility to bacterial co-infections. This may be true for urogenital schistosomiasis and bacterial urinary tract co-infections (UTI). We previously reported that this co-infection is facilitated by S. haematobium eggs triggering interleukin-4 (IL-4) production and sought to dissect the underlying mechanisms. The interleukin-4 inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs (IPSE) is one of the most abundant schistosome egg-secreted proteins and binds to IgE on the surface of basophils and mast cells to trigger IL-4 release. IPSE can also translocate into host nuclei using a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) to modulate host transcription. We hypothesized that IPSE is the factor responsible for the ability of S. haematobium eggs to worsen UTI pathogenesis. Methods: Mice were intravenously administered a single 25 mg dose of recombinant S. haematobium-derived IPSE, an NLS mutant of IPSE or PBS. Following IPSE exposure, mice were serially weighed, and organs analyzed by histology to assess for toxicity. Twenty-four hours after IPSE administration, mice were challenged with the uropathogenic E. coli strain UTI89 by urethral catheterization. Bacterial cfu were measured using urine. Bladders were examined histologically for UTI-triggered pathogenesis and by PCR for antimicrobial peptide expression.Results: Unexpectedly, IPSE administration did not result in significant differences in urine bacterial CFU. However, IPSE administration did lead to a significant reduction in UTI-induced bladder pathogenesis and the expression of anti-microbial peptides in the bladder. Despite the profound effect of IPSE on UTI-triggered bladder pathogenesis and anti-microbial peptide production, mice did not demonstrate systemic ill effects from IPSE exposure.Conclusions: Our data show that IPSE may play a major role in S. haematobium-associated urinary tract co-infection, albeit in an unexpected fashion. These findings also indicate that IPSE either works in concert with other IL-4-inducing factors to increase susceptibility of S. haematobium-infected hosts to bacterial co-infection, or does not contribute to enhancing vulnerability to this co-infection.
Total versus conventional laparoscopic cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in children with choledochal cysts: a case-control study
Authors: LIU FEI , Xu Xiaogang , Lan Menglong , Tao Boyuan , Li Le , Wu Qiang , Chai Chengwei , Zeng Jixiao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background : To compare the efficacy of total and conventional laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy (TLH and CLH) in children with choledochal cysts (CDCs). Methods: Data from patients undergoing TLH and CLH between August 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Intraoperative blood loss, time for jejunum-cojejunum anastomosis, time to oral intake, postoperative hospital stay, hospitalization expenses, and postoperative complications were compared. Results: All 55 patients (TLH=30, CLH=25) were successfully treated without conversion to open surgery. In the TLH and CLH groups, the time to oral intake was 3.57±0.19 d and 4.56±0.27 d, respectively ( t =3.07, P <0.01), the postoperative hospital stay was 5.50±0.28 d and 7.00±0.74 d ( t =2.03, P <0.05), and the hospitalization expenses were CNY 40085±2447 and CNY 26084±2776 ( t =3.79, P <0.001). There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss (9.57±3.28 ml vs 8.2±1.13 ml, t =0.37, P = 0.72) or time for jejunum-cojejunum anastomosis (80.5±2.46 min vs 75.00±2.04 min, t =1.68, P =0.10). The median follow-up periods of the TLH and CLH groups were 17 and 16 months, respectively. Overall complication rates were comparable between the two groups (10% vs 8%, c ² =0.07, P =0.79). Conclusions: TLH in children with CDCs has the advantages of rapid gastrointestinal functional recovery and a short hospitalization. However, hospitalization is relatively expensive.
New insights into malaria vector bionomics in Lao PDR: a nationwide entomology survey
Authors: Marcombe Sebastien , Maithaviphet Santi , Bobichon Julie , Phommavan Nothasin , Nambanya Simone , Corbel Vincent , Brey Paul T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background . In Laos, the malaria burden remains high despite a significant reduction of cases during the last decade. In the context of the disease elimination by 2030, a nationwide entomological survey was conducted to better understand the distribution, abundance and behavior of major malaria vectors ( Anopheles spp.) in the country.
Methods . Mosquito collections were implemented in ten villages from ten provinces during the rainy and dry seasons of 2014 and 2015 by using human landing catch (HLC) and cow bait collection (CBC) methods. After morphological identification in the field, molecular identification of the sibling species of Anopheles mosquitoes from the Funestus, Leucosphyrus, and Maculatus groups were determined using PCR specific alleles. A screening of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax infections in the vectors was carried out by quantitative PCR assays.
Results. A total of 14,146 adult mosquitoes representing 25 different Anopheles species were collected and morphologically identified. Molecular identification revealed the presence of 12 sibling species within the main primary vector groups including An. maculatus s.s., An. rampae , An. sawadwongporni , An. pseudowillmori , An. dravidicus , An. minimus s.s., An. aconitus , An. pampanai , An. harrisoni , An. dirus s.s., An. baimaii , An. nemophilous . Anopheles maculatus and An. minimus were predominant during both the dry and rainy seasons, but showed highly zoophilic preferences (Zoophilic index of 98% and 95%, respectively). Overall, 22% of the total malaria vectors were collected between 10:00 PM and 5:00 AM indoors when people are sleeping. Twenty-seven percent of primary and secondary vectors were collected outdoors before 10:00 PM or after 5:00 AM, times when people are usually awake and outdoors. Only two specimens were positive for P. falciparum , one An. aconitus from Phongsaly and one An. minimus from Vientiane Province
Conclusions. The results indicate that people living in rural areas in Laos are constantly exposed to malaria vectors throughout the year and specifically outdoors. The use of LLINs/IRS remains important but innovative tools and new strategies are needed to address locally, the early and outdoor malaria transmission. Lack of expertise in general entomological methods may further exacerbate the situation.
Microorganisms and clinical outcomes of early- and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia at Srinagarind Hospital, a tertiary center in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Arayasukawat Pavarit , So-ngern Apichart - , Reechaipichitkul Wipa , Chumpangern Worawat , Arunsurat Itthiphat , Ratanawatkul Pailin , Chuennok Wanna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Back ground: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common nocosomial infection in intensive care unit (ICU). Local microbiological surveillance of pathogens and resistance patterns for early-onset VAP (EOVAP) and late-onset VAP (LOVAP) will help to choose appropriate empiric antibiotics. Objective: To compare the multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, treatment outcomes, and factors associated with hospital mortality of VAP. Method: A cross-sectional study between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017 at Srinagarind hospital, Khon Kaen University was conducted. The demographic data, causative pathogens, hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, mechanical ventilator (MV) days, and hospital mortality were retrospectively reviewed. Results: One hundred and ninety patients were enrolled; 42 (22%) were EOVAP and 148 (78%) were LOVAP. Acinetobacter baummanii was the most common pathogen in both groups (50 % EOVAP vs 52.7% LOVAP). MDR pathogens were significant greater in LOVAP (81.8 %) than EOVAP (61.9%) (p = 0.007). The EOVAP had a significantly better ICU LOS (median 20.0 (11.0, 30.0) vs. 26.5 (17.0, 43.0) days), hospital LOS (median 26.5 (15.0, 44.0) vs. 35.5 (24.0, 56.0) days) shorter MV days (14.0 (10.0, 29.0) vs. 23.0 (14.0, 35.5) days) and lower hospital mortality (11.9 % VS 27.7%) than LOVAP ( p < 0.05). The factor associated with hospital mortality was having simplified acute physiology score (SAP) ≥ 40 with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.22 (95%CI, 1.08-4.54, p = 0.02). Conclusion: LOVAP had significantly higher MDR pathogens, MV days, ICU LOS, hospital LOS and hospital mortality than EOVAP. A broad-spectrum antibiotic to cover MDR pathogens should be considered in LOVAP. The factor associated with hospital mortality of VAP was a SAPII score ≥ 40.
The Effect of An Educational Intervention on Teachers’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: hossennia Maede , Mazaheri Maryam Amidi , Heidari Zahra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: this study evaluated the effect of an educational intervention for increasing elementary school teachers’ ADHD knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Method: Teachers from 12 schools who had at least one student with a definitive diagnosis of ADHD participated in the study and were allocated into either an intervention (n=31) or control group (n=27). Teachers’ ADHD knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior were assessed before and after intervention. Six-session participatory intervention were provided only for the intervention group. Results: Two months after the intervention, the intervention group scored significantly higher on all three outcomes (P≤0. 001). Conclusion: The educational intervention significantly improved teachers’, knowledge, attitudes as well as their behaviors and strategies to manage children with ADHD. It is recommended that this program will incorporate into in-service training courses for primary school teachers as a means of facilitating teaching and managing children with ADHD in class. Trial registration: The study was approved by the by the Research Deputy of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In addition, The Ethical Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences approved the study proposal. ID code: IR.MUI.RESEARCH.REC.1398.297. The required permission from the Education Department of Isfahan City was attained. Participation in the study was voluntary. Before taking part in the study, selected teachers provided written consent also study goals were described to them.