bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first archaeointensity records from New Zealand: evidence for a fifteenth century AD archaeomagnetic ‘spike’ in the SW Pacific Region?
Authors: Turner Gillian M. , Kinger Rimpy , McFadgen Bruce , Gevers Monique 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Hangi stones, used to retain heat in traditional Maori earth ovens (hangi), may carry records of Earth's magnetic field when they were last used. Sixteen archaeological features, including 12 hangi, from eight sites were sampled and their palaeomagnetic data used to construct the first archaeointensity record for New Zealand, covering the past 700 years. A combination of radiocarbon dating of associated charcoal and archaeomagnetic dating of palaeomagnetic directions was used to obtain a ‘preferred’ date of each palaeointensity. A plot of virtual axial dipole moment (VADM) for the SW Pacific region outlines steady VADM values of about 8 × 10
22
A m
2
from 1000 to 1300 AD and 9.5 × 10
22
A m
2
from 1500 AD to the present, with a sharp peak in the early fifteenth century when the VADM reached about 13 × 10
22
A m
2
. This peak bears many similarities to archaeomagnetic ‘jerks’ and ‘spikes’ in Northern Hemisphere records from the first millennia BC and AD. However, it is the first such feature to be found in the Southern Hemisphere at this date, suggesting, in accordance with recent modelling, that it may be a feature of the non-dipole field, associated with rapid growth and decay of an intense flux patch on the core–mantle boundary.
Seafloor morphology and sediment magnetic fabric in a putative 1771 Meiwa tsunami source region in the southern Ryukyu Islands, SW Japan
Authors: Kanamatsu Toshiya , Ikehara Ken , Misawa Ayanori 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Meiwa tsunami of AD 1771 is regarded as an extremely strong tsunami event causing devastating damage in Japan in historical times. Earlier studies explored the possibility that a submarine landslide enhanced the Meiwa tsunami waves. We collected detailed seafloor bathymetry data, sub-bottom structure data and surface sediments in a putative Meiwa tsunami source region to ascertain any signature related to a submarine landslide in the forearc region, which is located south of Ishigaki-jima. The forearc-region seafloor is characterized by its surface submarine landslide morphology. However, the investigated magnetic fabric of surface sediment revealed that there was no landslide mass deposit during historical times. The described landslide morphology in the basin is unrelated to the generation or enhancement of the AD 1771 Meiwa tsunami, although the disturbed relief in the topography of the study area indicates that the forearc region is susceptible to slope failure because of its tectonic setting.
Enhanced Lipid Accumulation and Metabolism Are Required for the Differentiation and Activation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Authors: Su Pan , Wang Qiang , Bi Enguang , Ma Xingzhe , Liu Lintao , Yang Maojie , Qian Jianfei , Yi Qing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are important tumor-promoting cells. However, the mechanisms underlying how the tumor and its microenvironment reprogram these cells remain elusive. Here we report that lipids play a crucial role in generating TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Macrophages from both human and murine tumor tissues were enriched with lipids due to increased lipid uptake by macrophages. TAMs expressed elevated levels of the scavenger receptor CD36, accumulated lipids, and used fatty acid oxidation (FAO) instead of glycolysis for energy. High levels of FAO promoted mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, production of reactive oxygen species, phosphorylation of JAK1, and dephosphorylation of SHP1, leading to STAT6 activation and transcription of genes that regulate TAM generation and function. These processes were critical for TAM polarization and activity, both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we highlight the importance of lipid metabolism in the differentiation and function of protumor TAMs in the TME.

Significance:
This study highlights the role of lipid metabolism in the differentiation and function of TAMs and suggests targeting TAM fatty acid oxidation as a potential therapeutic modality for human cancers.
Circulating Tumor Cells and Early Relapse in Node-positive Melanoma
Authors: Lucci Anthony , Hall Carolyn S. , Patel Sapna P. , Narendran Boomadevi , Bauldry Jessica B. , Royal Richard E. , Karhade Mandar , Upshaw Joshua R. , Wargo Jennifer A. , Glitza Isabella C. , Wong Michael K.K. , Amaria Rodabe N. , Tawbi Hussein A. , Diab Adi , Davies Michael A. , Gershenwald Jeffrey E. , Lee Jeffrey E. , Hwu Patrick , Ross Merrick I. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
There is a need for sensitive, reproducible biomarkers for patients with stage III melanoma to guide clinical decision making. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be detected in patients with melanoma; however, there are limited data regarding their significance in stage III disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether CTCs are associated with early relapse in stage III melanoma.

Experimental Design:
We prospectively assessed CTCs at first presentation in clinic (baseline) for 243 patients with stage III melanoma. CTCs were measured using the CellSearch System. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was compared between patients with one or more baseline CTC versus those with no CTCs. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were applied to establish associations of CTCs with RFS.

Results:
At least one baseline CTC was identified in 90 of 243 (37%) patients. Forty-five (19%), 67 (28%), 118 (49%), and 13 (5%) patients were stage IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, or IIID, respectively. CTC detection was not associated with substage, or primary tumor characteristics. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the detection of ≥1 baseline CTC was significantly associated with decreased 6-month RFS [log-rank, P &lt; 0.0001; HR, 3.62, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.78–7.36; P &lt; 0.0001] and 54-month RFS (log-rank, P = 0.01; HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.13–2.54; P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
≥1 CTC was independently associated with melanoma relapse, suggesting that CTC assessment may be useful to identify patients at risk for relapse who could derive benefit from adjuvant therapy.
Risk Factors for Recurrence in Patients with Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma after Fertility-Sparing Treatments
Authors: Yin Jie , Ma Shuai , Shan Ying , Wang Yongxue , Li Yan , Jin Ying , Pan Lingya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the risk factors for recurrence in young patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early-stage endometrioid adenocarcinoma after fertility-sparing treatments (FST). A retrospective case–control study was designed. Patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early-stage endometrioid adenocarcinoma who received FSTs from January 2010 to December 2017 were reviewed. All patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into a recurrence group and a control group. Risk factors for recurrence- and disease-free survival were evaluated by logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis. A total of 127 patients were included, 53 patients in the recurrence group and 74 patients in the control group. No deaths occurred during the follow-up time. The rate of successful pregnancy was 62.5% in the control group and 20.5% in the recurrence group after complete remission (CR) of the primary disease. In a multivariate regression model, after adjusting for other factors, menstruation cycle, progestin type, and regular maintenance treatments after CR were the main risk factors for disease recurrence. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist was mainly used to treat obese patients and was associated with longer progression-free survival (PFS) time compared with that in patients who received high-dose oral progestin such as megestrol acetate [risk ratio (RR), 2.158; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.948–4.913]. Regular oral progestin also significantly prolonged the PFS time (RR, 4.726; 95% CI, 2.672–8.359). The progestin type used in treatment and regular maintenance treatment of young patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and early-stage endometrioid adenocarcinoma after CR might be correlated with disease recurrence.
Risk of Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Is Associated With Stroke in Siblings: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Berntsson John , Li Xinjun , Zöller Bengt , Martinsson Andreas , Andell Pontus , Lubitz Steven A. , Engström Gunnar , Sundquist Kristina , Smith J. Gustav 
Published: February 2020

Background

It remains unclear whether heritable factors can contribute to risk stratification for ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We examined whether having a sibling with ischemic stroke was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke and mortality in patients with
AF
.

Methods and Results

In this nationwide study of the Swedish population, patients with AF and their siblings were identified from the Swedish patient registers and the Swedish MGR (Multi‐Generation Register). Ischemic stroke events were retrieved from the Swedish patient registers and CDR (Cause of Death Register). Risk of ischemic stroke was compared between patients with AF with and without a sibling affected by ischemic stroke,
AF
, or both ischemic stroke and
AF
. The total study population comprised 113 988 subjects (mean age, 60±12 years) diagnosed with
AF
between 1989 and 2012. In total, 11 709 of them were diagnosed with a first ischemic stroke and 20 097 died during a mean follow‐up time of 5.5 years for ischemic stroke and 5.9 years for mortality. After adjustment for covariates having a sibling with ischemic stroke, or both ischemic stroke and
AF
, was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.23–1.40 or hazard ratio, 1.36; 95%
CI
, 1.24–1.49, respectively). Furthermore, ischemic stroke in a sibling was associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95%
CI
, 1.05–1.14). In contrast, the risk of stroke was only marginally increased for patients with AF with a spouse affected by ischemic stroke.

Conclusions
Having a sibling affected by ischemic stroke confers an increased risk of ischemic stroke and death independently of traditional risk factors in patients with AF.
A Prolonged High-Salinity Event in the Northern Arabian Sea during 2014–17
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , Du Yan , Jayarathna W. N. D. S , Sun Qiwei , Zhang Ying , Yao Fengchao , Feng Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA prolonged high-salinity event in the northern Arabian Sea, to the east of the Gulf of Oman, during 2014–17 was identified based on Argo datasets. The prolonged event was manifested as enhanced spreading of the surface Arabian Sea high-salinity water and the intermediate Persian Gulf water. We used satellite altimetric data and geostrophic current data to understand the oceanic processes and the salt budget associated with the high-salinity event. The results indicated that the strengthened high-salinity advection from the Gulf of Oman was one of the main causes of the salinity increase in the northern Arabian Sea. The changes of the seasonally dependent eddies near the mouth of the Gulf of Oman dominated the strengthened high-salinity advection during the event as compared with the previous 4-yr period: the westward shifted cyclonic eddy during early winter stretched to the remote western Gulf of Oman, which carried the higher-salinity water to the northern Arabian Sea along the south coast of the Gulf. An anomalous eddy dipole during early summer intensified the eastward Ras Al Hadd Jet and its high-salinity advection into the northern Arabian Sea. In addition, the weakened low-salinity advection by coastal currents along the Omani coast caused by the weakened southwest monsoon contributed to the maintenance of the high-salinity event. This prolonged high-salinity event reflects the upper-ocean responses to the monsoon change and may affect the regional hydrography and biogeochemistry extensively.
Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Perforated Chinchilla Tympanic Membranes
Authors: Friedman Norman R. , Wright Charles G. , Pawlowski Karen S. , Meyerhoff William L. 
Published: February 2020

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a polypeptide mitogen which stimulates proliferation of epidermal and connective tissue cells. When applied to tympanic membrane perforations it has been reported to enhance healing and produce connective tissue hyperplasia. Previous work with animal models has shown that hyperplastic alterations of the tympanic membrane play an essential role in cholesteatoma development. This study was designed to further investigate the hyperplastic effects of bFGF and to determine if it might induce cholesteatoma formation during the healing process. Ten chinchillas received bilateral tympanic membrane perforations. In each animal, three doses of bFGF (400 nanograms per dose) were applied to the perforated tympanic membrane on one side; the opposite (control) ear received saline alone. The animals were terminated at either two or four weeks and studied histologically. Although the dosage and administration schedule used were consistent with previous studies utilizing other rodent species, there was little evidence that bFGF affected tympanic membrane healing in chinchillas. In both control and bFGF-treated ears, dense connective tissue occupied the lamina propria of the tympanic membrane, providing an effective barrier against ingrowth of skin toward the middle ear. No cholesteatomas developed in any animals included in the study. The results of this work indicate that the risk of cholesteatoma formation following administration of bFGF is minimal when it is applied short-term to acute perforations.
Strategies for the implementation of palliative care education and organizational interventions in long-term care facilities: A scoping review
Authors: Collingridge Moore Danni , Payne Sheila , Van den Block Lieve , Ling Julie , Froggatt Katherine , Gatsolaeva Yuliana , Honinx Elisabeth , Pivodic Lara , Miranda Rose , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D. , van Hout Hein , Pasman H. Roeline W. , Oosterveld-Vlug Mariska , Ten Koppel Maud , Piers Ruth , Van Den Noortgate Nele , Engels Yvonne , Vernooij-Dassen Myrra , Hockley Jo , Szczerbińska Katarzyna , Kylänen Marika , Gambassi Giovanni , Pautex Sophie , Bassal Catherine , Deliens Luc , Smets Tinne , Adang Eddy , Andreasen Paula , Barańska Ilona , Finne-Soveri Harriet , Hammar Teija , Heikkilä Rauha , Kijowska Violetta , Leppäaho Suvi , Mammarella Federica , Mercuri Martina , Kuitunen-Kaija Outi , Pac Agnieszka , Morgan de Paula Emilie , Rossi Paola , Segat Ivan , Sowerby Eleanor , van der Steen Jenny T. , Stodolska Agata , Tanghe Marc , Wichmann Anne B. 
Published: February 2020

Background: The number of older people dying in long-term care facilities is increasing; however, care at the end of life can be suboptimal. Interventions to improve palliative care delivery within these settings have been shown to be effective in improving care, but little is known about their implementation. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the nature of implementation strategies and to identify facilitators and/or barriers to implementing palliative care interventions in long-term care facilities. Design: Scoping review with a thematic synthesis, following the ENTREQ guidelines. Data sources: Published literature was identified from electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. Controlled, non-controlled and qualitative studies and evaluations of interventions to improve palliative care in long-term care facilities were included. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were sourced and data extracted on the study characteristics, the implementation of the intervention, and facilitators and/or barriers to implementation. Results: The review identified 8902 abstracts, from which 61 studies were included in the review. A matrix of implementation was developed with four implementation strategies (facilitation, education/training, internal engagement and external engagement) and three implementation stages (conditions to introduce the intervention, embedding the intervention within day-to-day practice and sustaining ongoing change). Conclusion: Incorporating an implementation strategy into the development and delivery of an intervention is integral in embedding change in practice. The review has shown that the four implementation strategies identified varied considerably across interventions; however, similar facilitators and barriers were encountered across the studies identified. Further research is needed to understand the extent to which different implementation strategies can facilitate the uptake of palliative care interventions in long-term care facilities.
Ultrasound, shear-wave elastography, and magnetic resonance imaging in native liver survivor patients with biliary atresia after Kasai portoenterostomy: correlation with medical outcome after treatment
Authors: Caruso Martina , Cuocolo Renato , Di Dato Fabiola , Mollica Carmine , Vallone Gianfranco , Romeo Valeria , Petretta Mario , Liuzzi Raffaele , Mainenti Pier Paolo , Iorio Raffaele , Brunetti Arturo , Maurea Simone 
Published: February 2020

Background Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare obliterative cholangiopathy and Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) represents its first-line treatment; clinical and laboratory parameters together with abdominal ultrasound (US) are usually performed during the follow-up. Shear-wave elastography (SWE) is able to evaluate liver parenchyma stiffness; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also been proposed to study these patients. Purpose To correlate US, SWE, and MRI imaging findings with medical outcome in patients with BA who are native liver survivors after KP. Material and Methods We retrospectively enrolled 24 patients. They were divided in two groups based on “ideal” (n = 15) or “non-ideal” (n = 9) medical outcome. US, SWE, and MRI exams were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for imaging signs suggestive of chronic liver disease (CLD). Results Significant differences were found in terms of liver surface ( P = 0.007) and morphology ( P = 0.013), portal vein diameter ( P = 0.012) and spleen size ( P = 0.002) by US, liver signal intensity ( P = 0.013), portal vein diameter ( P = 0.010), presence of portosystemic collaterals ( P = 0.042), and spleen size ( P = 0.001) by MRI. The evaluation of portal vein diameter (moderate, κ = 0.44), of portosystemic collaterals (good, κ = 0.78), and spleen size (very good, κ = 0.92) showed the best agreement between US and MRI. A significant ( P = 0.01) difference in liver parenchyma stiffness by SWE was also found between the two groups (cut-off = 9.6 kPa, sensitivity = 55.6%, specificity = 100%, area under the ROC curve = 0.82). Conclusion US, SWE, and MRI findings correlate with the medical outcome in native liver survivor patients with BA treated with KP.
Fiscal weakness, the (under-) provision of public services, and institutional reform
Authors: Oechslin Manuel , Rodriguez Mauricio 
Published: February 2020

The fact that many developing countries spend little on growth-promoting public services is often blamed on “fiscal weakness”. We propose a novel framework to study the consequences of an exogenous improvement in public revenues. We demonstrate that higher revenues may induce the group in power to use a dual repression approach, one pillar of which is to aggravate the “underspending” on growth-promoting public services. However, we also identify circumstances in which the group in power will abstain from repression and instead opt for institutional reform. This result contrasts with the view that exogenous revenue improvements necessarily undercut growth-promoting institutions. JEL classification: D70; O11; F53; H50; Q34
Ranibizumab and aflibercept intravitreal injection for treatment naïve and refractory macular oedema in branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Hogg HD Jeffry , Di Simplicio Sandro , Pearce Mark S 
Published: February 2020

Background: Branch retinal vein occlusion complicated by macular oedema is a common disease treated with intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. Controversy exists surrounding anti-vascular endothelial growth factor selection for both treatment naïve and refractory cases. Methods: A retrospective electronic medical record review at a single UK centre generated a cohort of 259 treatment naïve eyes from 258 patients receiving ranibizumab, aflibercept or a combination ( n = 83, 97 and 79, respectively) from 2013 to 2018 with ⩾6 months follow-up. Number of intravitreal injections, visual acuity and macular oedema presence were noted at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months. A subgroup analysis examined refractory cases switched from ranibizumab to aflibercept ( n = 77) or maintained on ranibizumab ( n = 35). Results: Eyes receiving ranibizumab or aflibercept had equivocal vision gain at 1 year, 8.0 (95% CI 5.0−11.0) and 9.6 (7.2−12.1) Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters, respectively. About 35.6% had no macular oedema at 12 months with ranibizumab compared with 50.0% with aflibercept ( p = 0.07) following 5.1 (4.7–5.6) and 6.0 (5.6–6.4) intravitreal injections, respectively. Visual prognosis declined significantly as treatment delay extended ( p = 0.003) which was only apparent with ⩾3 months delay. Eyes with refractory macular oedema also had equivocal functional and anatomical outcomes whether they were maintained on ranibizumab or switched to aflibercept. Conclusion: These real world data demonstrate more modest clinical improvements from anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment than reported in clinical trials. The functional outcomes of ranibizumab and aflibercept in both treatment naïve and refractory cases were equivocal while the anatomical outcomes of aflibercept may be superior.
Facilitators, barriers, and recommendations related to the informed consent of Marshallese in a randomized control trial
Authors: Purvis Rachel S , Eisenberg Leah R , Trudeau Christopher R , Long Christopher R , McElfish Pearl A 
Published: February 2020

Background The Pacific Islander population is the second fasting growing population in the United States and Arkansas is home to the largest Marshallese population in the continental US. The Marshallese community have significant health disparities with high prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, and obesity compared to the general US population. Using a community-based participatory research approach, researchers and Marshallese community stakeholders identified diabetes as the top health issue for research. Methods From 2014 to 2018, a randomized control trial was conducted comparing standard diabetes management education with a culturally adapted family model of standard diabetes management education delivered in participants’ homes by Marshallese community health workers and certified diabetes educators. Interviews were held with Marshallese participants to document their experiences with and perceptions of the informed consent process for this randomized control trial. Results Participants provided feedback on the process of enrolling in the study, describing barriers and facilitators to giving informed consent from their perspective, and offering recommendations for improving the informed consent process. Conclusion Findings suggest that informed consent with underserved communities, including immigrant and migrant populations who do not speak English or have limited English proficiency, is possible, and that using a community-based participatory research approach can help facilitate the informed consent process.