bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WHO – WHOM? UNRESOLVED ISSUES IN JUDICIAL REVIEW INAUGURAL LECTURE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BUCKINGHAM MAY 29TH 2007
Authors: Beloff QC Michael J 
Published: August 2020

It is a great pleasure for me to lecture at the University of Buckingham, of which my late father Lord Beloff was the founding father, and my son Rupert obtained first class honours in law and won the Palamountain prize for excellence. It seems that as a mere visiting Professor I take third place in my family’s quest for this innovative University’s honours. This is, of course, an inaugural lecture and I express the modest hope that it will sufficiently command your attention to guarantee that it will not be a valedictory one as well. My duties as visiting Professor are to give a minimum of a single lecture over four terms – not the most testing of obligations but one more demanding than that of an Oxford Professor who, when asked what he did to earn his stipend, explained “I give an annual lecture – but not, you understand, every year”.
THE CREATION STORY OF KASHMIRI PEOPLE: THE RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION
Authors: Lone Fozia N 
Published: August 2020

If a group wishes to exercise the right to self-determination, they need to establish that they are a “people” within the international law definition, thereby triggering the ability to claim this right. Thus, the definition of the term “people” is the key in cases of self-determination and always posits difficult challenges. This article aims to determine whether the “Kashmiri people” could be identified as a group that fits within the contemporary non-exhaustive definition of people. Having ascended from the level of subjects of an autocratic rule to victims of human rights violations, are Kashmiris now in a position to exercise a right to self-determination?
AN AMERICAN DILEMMA: THE FLOW OF TRADE VERSUS THE FLOW OF PEOPLE IN NAFTA
Authors: Viano Emilio C 
Published: August 2020

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994 aims at creating the legal, political, and business conditions for a freer circulation of goods, capitals and services in North America. However it gives scant attention to the mobility of workers. The basic premise of this paper is that globalisation of trade and the universal diffusion of human rights have evolved and progressed side by side, even though with difficulty and reluctantly, and that the regional liberalisation of trade must be deeply interwoven with issues related to socio-economic rights to be ultimately and durably successful. This paper’s major questions are: How does NAFTA address labour mobility? Does NAFTA neglect, oppose or support the free movement of people across its borders? Does the agreement deal with labour mobility in a clear and definite manner or does it ignore it and give it short shrift? Should NAFTA support the liberalisation of immigration within its area as a long term objective, as part of a deeper and broader regional integration, conditioned on considerable reforms by its Member States, especially Mexico’s legal system, and energy, tax and banking policies, among others? Is the free movement of people needed to be truly successful and provide economic security, survival and prosperity for its member countries in view of vastly changed economic and trade conditions since its inception? This paper first traces the history of the drafting of NAFTA. Then it examines what NAFTA means for labour mobility within the complex interaction between an economic colossus like the United States and a developing country like Mexico, also taking into account current migration trends. In this section, the paper also covers the liberalisation of the mobility of labour (albeit limited) brought about through administrative regulations. Interspersed with this there is a discussion of what should be a mutually reinforcing relationship between international free trade and social policy.
Dialogue and declarations of incompatibility under section 4 of the Human Rights Act 1998
Authors: Crawford Christopher John 
Published: August 2020

It has been argued that the Human Rights Act 1998 (‘HRA’) establishes a ‘dialogue’ between the courts, parliament and the executive. This ‘dialogue’ is supposed to be an exchange of ideas about rights pursuant to which policy goals are revised, but not blocked, following judicial decisions and takes place predominantly when courts issue declarations of incompatibility under s 4 of the HRA. There have been 18 cases in which declarations have become final. This article considers those 18 cases and their legislative aftermaths. It reveals, firstly, that parliament has some ability to deal with rights issues without the courts’ prompting, secondly, that although certain declarations may have led to constructive modification of public policy, other declarations may have led to less effective policy and, thirdly, that parliament has no real freedom to disagree with the conclusions of the courts on questions of rights when a declaration has been made.
EVALUATION OF THE RULE OF LAW AS A PRE-REQISITE TO THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA
Authors: Joshua Ayobami , Akintoye Simisola 
Published: August 2020

Africa faces myriads of challenges one of which is the need for development; as a result, development is a critical issue in Africa. The apparent disparity and inequity of the global economic system in the aspect of international economic development, conspicuous particularly on the Africa continent has dominated academic discourses since the era of the decolonization of the undeveloped countries. One of the direct consequences of this was the evolution of right-based approach to development agenda which have implications for democracy and the rule of law; two elements that have suffered serious setbacks in almost all African countries. This paper examines the extent to which the effective enforcement of the rule of law in African countries can aid the human rights based approach to development in order to deliver meaningful improvements to the African development crisis. It starts by highlighting the evolution of the rights based approach to development agenda with a view to clarifying the meanings of the “right to development”. It further examines the import of the doctrine of rule of law, its relationship to the rights-based approach to development agenda and the theoretical underpinnings of both concepts. The paper continues to assess the position of the rule of law in African countries now, and its implications for the realization of the Right to Development (RTD), domestically (in each African country), regionally (and possibly sub-regionally).It is the argument of this paper that although, the African human rights-system, particularly the African Charter of Human and People’s Rights was the first enforceable document to contain the right to development, thereby making the African continent to be the first in conceiving it, yet one of the major reasons why development has eluded African over a considerable period of time until now is abysmal failure of the Rule of Law.
Does Artificial Neural Network Forecast Better for Excessively Volatile Currency Pairs?
Authors: Inani Sarveshwar Kumar , Tripathi Manas , Kumar Saurabh 
Published: August 2020

This study predicts the exchange rates for three currency pairs (USD-INR, GBP-INR, and EUR-INR). We have used multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network architecture based on feed-forward with back-propagation learning method. The sample of the study covers daily data for the period from January 2009 to January 2016. The findings of the study confirm that the neural network predicts better for more volatile currency pairs (GBP-INR and EUR-INR) as compared to a less volatile currency pair (USD-INR). The study further observes that the optimal forecast horizon for the neural network model should be equal to the optimal lag length used in the construction of the model. This study aims to contribute in the area of foreign exchange forecasting. Exchange rate plays a crucial role in the macro-economy of a country. Hence, prediction of currency exchange rate becomes imperative for various stakeholders such as government, the central bank, and investors to maximize the returns and minimize the risk in their decision-making.
Using Machine Learning to Predict National Hockey League Average Home Game Attendance
Authors: King Barry E , Rice Jennifer L , Vaughan Julie 
Published: August 2020

Research predicting National Hockey League average attendance is presented. The seasons examined are the 2013 hockey season through the beginning of the 2017 hockey season. Multiple linear regression and three machine learning algorithms – random forest, M5 prime, and extreme gradient boosting – are employed to predict out-of-sample average home game attendance. Extreme gradient boosting generated the lowest out-of-sample root mean square error. The team identifier (team name), the number of Twitter followers (a surrogate for team popularity), median ticket price, and arena capacity have appeared as the top four predictor variables.
THE IMPACT OF SENTIMENT ON POINT SPREADS IN THE COLLEGE FOOTBALL WAGERING MARKET
Authors: Durham Greg , Perry Tod 
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates whether sentimental bettors affect the point-spread-formation process in the college football wagering market, as well as whether this market is efficient. Following Avery and Chevalier (1999), this study focuses solely on sources of sentiment that have natural analogues in the stock market, such as predictions of so-called experts, momentum in teams’ performances, teams that are highly visible, and teams with high fan avidity. Sentiment relating to expert picks, even though the picks are uninformative, nonetheless is related to intraweek changes in spreads. Also, bettors’ sentiment for recent performance against the spread, for teams in major conferences, and for teams with high fan avidity appears to be related to spreads moving during the week. However, betting strategies designed to exploit any anticipated sentimental betting are marginally profitable at best, suggesting that rational arbitrageurs serve to correct most biases in spreads.The authors express thanks to Bruno Deschamps, Michael Hertzel, Michael Lemmon, J. Spencer Martin, Federico Nardari, Rodney Paul, and Mukunthan Santhanakrishnan for careful feedback and thoughtful suggestions. The authors are also grateful for comments from seminar participants at the UC Riverside Conference on Growth of Gambling and Prediction Markets, at the Financial Management Association meetings in Toronto, at Arizona State University, and at Montana State University. Greg Durham expresses a special thanks to Jim Harmon for providing historical data related to the Harmon Forecast. (The authors are responsible for any outstanding errors in this paper.)
Bookmaker and pari-mutuel Betting: is a (reverse) favourite-longshot Bias Built-in?
Authors: Koch Alexander K , Shing Hui-Fai 
Published: August 2020

A widely documented empirical regularity in gambling markets is that bets on high probability events (a race won by a “favourite”) have higher expected returns than bets on low probability events (a “longshot” wins). Such favourite-longshot (FL) biases however appear to be more severe and per-sistent in bookmaker markets than in pari-mutuel markets; the latter sometimes exhibit no bias or a reverse FL bias. Our results help understand these differences: the odds grid in bookmaker markets leads to a built-in FL bias, whereas that used in pari-mutuel betting pushes these markets toward a reverse FL bias. This paper benefited from helpful comments from an anonymous referee, Michael Mandler, David Metcalf, David Paton, Jonathan Wadsworth, Justin Wolfers, and par-ticipants of the conference on “The Growth of Gambling and Prediction Markets: Economic and Financial Implications” in May 2007. We are grateful to Paul David-son, Tony Lusardi, Chris Ralph, and Leighton Vaughan Williams for information about bookmaker odds and bookmaker software.
PREDICTION MARKETS: ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Hall Caitlin 
Published: August 2020

This paper explores the design and implementation of prediction markets, markets strategically constructed to aggregate traders’ beliefs about future events. It posits that prediction markets are particularly useful as forecasting tools where traders are constrained – legally, politically, professionally, or bureaucratically – from directly sharing the information that underlies their beliefs. It concludes by articulating a possible design for such a market, as an alternative to a Pentagon program that collapsed amid public outcry in 2003.
PREDICTION MARKET ACCURACY: THE IMPACT OF SIZE, INCENTIVES, CONTEXT AND INTERPRETATION
Authors: McHugh Patrick , Jackson Aaron L 
Published: August 2020

Enterprises desiring to utilize prediction markets for decision support must consider numerous design factors for their market deployments. Through logistic regression analyses of more than 350 real and play-money prediction markets, this paper evaluates several design issues in order to identify conditions under which prediction markets can effectively contribute to an enterprise decision support process. Two of these design considerations include the size of the trader pool and the nature of trader incentives. We find that varying the number of market traders has minimal accuracy impact for markets exceeding 10-20 traders and that the impact of financial incentives is contextual and beneficial to market accuracy. When to act upon market results and at what levels of market support must also be considered. Our data shows that acting on market output up to three weeks prior to an event’s occurrence and requiring markets to sustain desired price levels for up to 3 weeks before responding to the market signal did not statistically impact the market’s ability to accurately predict an event’s occurrence. Adjusting the price threshold for market recommendation acceptance to levels between $55 and $80 ($45 and $20) also does not negatively impact market accuracy. A related measure capturing market uncertainty was found to be the leading predictor of a market’s failure to provide accurate predictions.
UNCERTAINTY OF OUTCOME AND TELEVISION RATINGS FOR THE NHL AND MLS
Authors: Paul Rodney , Weinbach Andrew 
Published: August 2020

Although there is mixed evidence of the role of uncertainty of outcome as it relates to attendance at stadiums, the limited evidence available for television ratings has shown that fans tend to prefer more uncertainty of outcome when it comes to watching live sports on television. Given the often substantially higher customer investments associated with live event attendance compared to television, fan preferences may differ across the two. This study examines Nielsen ratings for two previously unstudied sports in North America, the National Hockey League (NHL) and Major League Soccer (MLS). The uncertainty of outcome hypothesis is supported by the results in both samples using two separate measures of uncertainty of outcome. In addition, expected scoring is shown to positively impact television ratings in the NHL.
Early Season NBA Over/Under Bias
Authors: Girdner Clay , Davis Justin , Fodor Andy , Kirch David 
Published: August 2020

In this paper we analyze the total line betting market for National Basketball Association (NBA) regular season games for the 2009-2012 seasons. Specifically, we divide seasons by week and analyze points scored, total lines and game statistics such as field goal percentage and turnovers. We find the NBA total line market is generally very efficient with points scored and total lines increasing nearly evenly over the first 17 weeks of the season before leveling off. However, the total line market is inefficient in Week 1 with 58.2% of first week games having total scores less than total lines during our sample period. This win rate is significantly higher than the 52.38% win rate required for profiting from the betting strategy. Betting under total lines on all games in the first week on the 2009-2012 NBA season yields average returns of 11.1% per game.
FROM THE SORBONNE TO SURBITON – THE IMPROBABLE ORIGINS OF THE ENGLISH CURRICULUM
Authors: Coates Max 
Published: August 2020

A number of milestone events in the development of the English curriculum are considered. These are not all the formative events which have shaped what and how the curriculum is currently configured in schools, academies and beyond but they have had an impact. The argument is advanced that a number of the stakeholders that contributed to its formation did so from a position which was unexpected, and which did not always display an appropriate rationality.

The centrepiece of the article is the shaping of post war education in England by the research and assertions of psychologist, Sir Cyril Burt. Burt’s underlying ontology is explored and the arguable fraud of his work is examined in the light of his impact on the structuring of English education.

Raikes, Callaghan, Major, Gove and Smellie are also given consideration leading to the conclusion that curriculum formation can be improbable in terms of its narrative.
Plumularioid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program
Authors: Galea Horia R. , Maggioni Davide 
Published: August 2020

This study reports on 25 species of hydroids occurring in the collections gathered during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions carried out in the SE of New Caledonia in 2016, and off the western coast of the island in 2017, respectively. Of these, 19 have not been dealt with in earlier reports on these collections. Two new genera and four new species are described, viz, Actinopluma mirifica Galea gen. et sp. nov., provisionally assigned to the family Kirchenpaueriidae Stechow, 1921, Schizoplumularia helicoidalis sp. nov., belonging to the Plumulariidae McCrady, 1859, and Corhiza patula Galea sp. nov. and Thamnopteros uniserius Galea gen. et sp. nov., both placed in the family Halopterididae Millard, 1962. The gonotheca and the medusoid gonophore of Plumularia contraria Ansín Agís et al., 2014 are described for the first time, allowing a genus transfer to Dentitheca Stechow, 1919, as D. contraria comb. nov. Plumularia conjuncta Billard, 1913, known earlier from a minute portion of colony, is redescribed based on a complete, though infertile, specimen. Similarly, complete specimens corresponding to the hydroid previously referred to as Antennella megatheca Ansín Agís et al., 2009 are documented, allowing a provisional reallocation to Corhiza Millard, 1962 and a description of its so far unknown gonothecae. Fertile material assignable to the poorly-known Monostaechas fisheri Nutting, 1905 allows the recognition of this hydroid as a valid species, distinct from M. quadridens (McCrady, 1859). Most taxa are illustrated to validate the reliability of their identifications. Finally, phylogenetic reconstructions of the families Aglaopheniidae, Plumulariidae, and Halopterididae, based on the 16S rRNA, allowed a first genetic characterization of some of the species dealt with in this work.
Direitos Humanos e História do Tempo Presente: entrevista com Bruno Sena Martins
Authors: Martins Bruno Sena , Borges Viviane , Joffily Mariana 
Published: August 2020

Entrevista com Bruno Sena Martins da Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Entrevista concedida à Viviane Borges eMariana Joffily da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Brasil)
Impacts des nouvelles modalités d’encadrement de la psychothérapie chez les travailleurs sociaux
Authors: Côté Marie-Andrée , Brodeur Normand 
Published: August 2020

Les nouvelles modalités d’encadrement de la psychothérapie (NMEP), entrées en vigueur en 2012, définissent la psychothérapie et réglementent son exercice. Elles font en sorte que la majorité des travailleurs sociaux ne peuvent plus la pratiquer. Puisqu’il existe certains chevauchements entre le travail social et la psychothérapie, l’impact des NMEP sur les travailleurs sociaux a été examiné à l’aide d’un questionnaire, auquel ont répondu 74 travailleurs sociaux québécois. Les résultats indiquent que les NMEP ont eu un impact différencié sur les participants ayant un permis de psychothérapeute, ceux n’en ayant pas et ceux ayant tenté de l’obtenir.
Osteopathic Medical Licensing Compliance With the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990
Authors: Lincoln Katherine A. , Wagner Beth E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Physicians have an increased rate of depression and suicide compared with nonphysician peers. State medical licensure questions about mental health deter physicians from seeking mental health care. Several previous studies have examined state medical licensing board compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, but none have included osteopathic licensing boards.

Objective
To evaluate compliance of state osteopathic medical licensing boards with ADA requirements regarding mental health.

Methods
State medical licensing applications for 51 states, including the District of Columbia (DC), and 16 states with osteopathic licensing entities were reviewed for ADA compliance in questions about mental health. In states where both osteopathic and allopathic applications were available, questions and compliance were compared.

Results
Fourteen of 51 states (including DC) were grossly out of compliance with ADA statutes. In states where osteopathic and allopathic licensing were both available, 7 of 16 asked different mental health questions of osteopathic physicians than their allopathic physician counterparts. Of those 7 states, 6 of the osteopathic boards were out of compliance with ADA, while their allopathic counterparts were either compliant or intermediately compliant.

Conclusion
To improve physician wellbeing, corrective action must be taken to create ADA-compliant language in medical licensing so physicians can seek treatment for mental health conditions without discrimination by licensing boards. Osteopathic physicians should be aware that there is a discrepancy in state licensure compliance compared with allopathic requirements in some states.