bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying Stress Corrosion Cracking Crack Initiation in Pipeline Steels in a Near-Neutral pH Environment: The Role of Hydrotesting
Authors: Shirband Zeynab , Luo Jing-Li , Eadie Reginald , Chen Weixing 
Published: August 2020

Hydrostatic testing, or hydrotesting, has been widely used as a stress corrosion cracking management method in the pipeline industry, particularly in gas pipelines. Although the technique has been very useful in the prevention of operational failures, it is known that these high pressures can produce significant plastic deformation around stress concentrators, such as pits and other surface flaws, that might be present. This plasticity can temporarily retard long, well-developed cracks; however, the effect of this plasticity on growth of very small cracks has not previously been studied. In this work, a long-term test was conducted to simulate real pipeline pressure cycling conditions by the application of occasional hydrotesting loads on steel samples. Crack initiations from pits were compared between specimens undergoing no hydrotesting load (control specimens) and those that underwent three hydrotest cycles during the test. The results showed that pit-to-crack transition was enhanced by the application of three hydrotesting loads. Seventy percent more cracks were found to have grown beyond ferrite grain boundaries in the hydrotested specimens. This initial study indicated substantial differences between small crack formation with and without hydrotesting. These differences predict significantly higher short crack growth in the hydrotested samples. Further study is necessary to further delineate these effects.
Carbon Steel Corrosion and Cathodic Protection Data in Deep North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Diler Erwan , Larché Nicolas , Thierry Dominique 
Published: August 2020

Many parameters may influence the corrosion and the cathodic protection current demand in natural seawater. These are potential, temperature, dissolved oxygen content, biofilm and fouling activity, hydrostatic pressure, and calcareous deposit formation. In this study, the influence of the exposure depth on the corrosion, cathodic protection current demand, and nature of the calcareous deposit formed on carbon steel was investigated at 1,020 m and 2,020 m depth. For this purpose, a set of coupons, cathodic protection, and environmental sensors were exposed in Azores in the Atlantic Ocean for 11 months. The higher corrosion rate and current density observed at 1,020 m can be explained by the higher temperature and oxygen diffusion. The cathodic current demand decrease with time can be attributed to the calcareous deposit formation. The current densities after 11 months are in agreement with the literature with 143 mA/m2 and 124 mA/m2 at 1,020 m and 2,020 m depth. Calcareous deposits formed, characterized by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy/electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, highlight (i) the favored formation of calcite and hydrocalcite at the expense of aragonite in deep and cold water, (ii) the presence of a thin deposit after 11 months, (iii) the decrease of the Ca/Mg ratio with immersion depth, (iv) the presence of CaMgCO3 compounds, and (v) a higher decrease of the current demand with time in deep water, suggesting the formation of a more protective deposit. The capacity for aluminum-gallium and aluminum-indium galvanic anode were in agreement with the literature for long-term exposures.
Drift, Naturally: A Transaffective Unfolding
Authors: Kousoulas Stavros 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIf any individual is determined by its affects as they are catalyzed in the technicities it unfolds, then one can no longer speak of posthumanism or transhumanism but of transaffectivity. Among genetic, epigenetic, and epiphylogenetic elements, there unfolds a play of intensive material informational exchange that determines both the structural and operational affects of any entity. Hence, evolution returns to its original Latin meaning, namely from the term evolutio: to unfold. Contrary to the logic of the survival of the fittest, unfolding does not dictate in advance which forms come forth, but instead, it determines which of them are not viable. In other words, it is the condition that brings forward a new world, one that is viable through the very differentials that determine the condition, and not the other way around. In this paper I will examine how structurally coupled individuals unfold an intensive continuum where there is no natural selection prescribing any outcome, but a continuous natural drift. The affective potentials that produce and are produced in the technicities of the drifted unfolding do not need to be the best, but simply good enough. Put succinctly, evolution, or more precisely, individuation, is satisficing rather than optimizing. Love—human, machinic, everything in between—and not Darwinian struggle or opposition is what determines evolution: not an affective diminution but instead an affirmative, transaffective amplification, where any individual structurally coupled with another brings forth a world through an aberrant nuptial, not because it must but simply because it can.
Quantitative vulnerability assessment of Corda river water basin: impacts of seasonality on water quality in the State of Maranhao
Authors: Cavalcanti Késia Gomes da SIlva , Da Silva Darlan Ferreira , Lima Neuriane SIlva , Mendonça Rita De Cássia , Nunes Neto Wallace Ribeiro , Chagas Silva Maria Raimunda 
Published: August 2020

The Corda river is the main source of fresh water for recreation, leisure, supply and irrigation to the municipality of Barra do Corda - MA. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of Corda river’s water using the methodology described by the American Public Health Association. The water samples were collected in the seasonal period spanning between February and September of the year of 2018. The parameters which were analyzed during the study were pH, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids and salinity, besides concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, and total phosphorus. Three principal components were identified during the PC Analysis. Those components explain more than 74% of the total variance observed during the rainy and dry season. Axis 1and 2 included variables which were related to quality of water and could be affected by the change in seasons. The results indicated that pH (7.11), P (2,82 mg L-1), NO3- (3,23 mg L-1), turbidity (35.82 NTU) and conductivity (35.83 µS/cm) parameters were most affected by changing from rainy to dry season.
Extraction and identification of essential oil components from the leaves of Syzygium malaccense (L.) MERR. & L.M. PERRY, MYRTACEAE
Authors: Feltrin Fabiula Marta , Gibbert Luciana , Santos Nayana Cristina da Silva , Marques Francisco De Assis , Miguel Marilis Dallarmi , Zanin Sandra Maria Warumby , Miguel Obdúlio Gomes , Krüger Cláudia Carneiro Hecke , Dias Josiane De Fátima Gaspari 
Published: August 2020

Popularly known as red jamb, the species Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. L.M. Perry is an Asian tree from India, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand that has adapted to the climate and soil of the North, Northeast and Southeast of Brazil. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of this species have already been cited in the literature. This study aimed to extract and identify the essential oil constituents of the leaves of this species. The leaves were dried and ground; and the essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil presented yield of 0.03%, containing monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and the major compounds were identified as spatulenol, sesquisabinene transhydrate and (E) -Caryophyllene.
Investigating the Domestic Layers Adaptation During Pandemic
Authors: Karimah Afifah , Paramita Kristanti Dewi 
Published: August 2020

This paper expands the theoretical understanding of building layers proposed by Brand (1995) by investigating changes in the domestic environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brand’s layer framework breaks a built environment into “shearing layers” to examine its adaptation processes. This paper argues that ways of managing the risk of virus transmission in the built environment redefine the understanding of these layers. This paper takes the perspective of interiority to address these layers as instruments with the spatial qualities required of a resilient domestic environment. The study unpacks the theory of Brand’s layer framework, proposing the principles by which layers adapt to protect the domestic environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. It then offers readings on the occurrence of change in the domestic environment in which such adaptation principles are performed. Such occurrences consist of intensifying layer changes to assist intense uses, merge between layers to assist movements, the construction of new layer forms, and reconfiguration of multiple layers for a prolonged change. Apart from redefining the very understanding of layers, this paper addresses how spatial change is not driven only by physical deterioration, but also by the performative creation of scenarios to protect the domestic environment during the pandemic.
Psikoetnografi sebagai metode asesmen psikologi komunitas
Authors: Ninin Retno Hanggarani , Rachman Noer Fauzi , Dalimunthe Karolina Lamtiur , Rakhmadevi Asysyifa , Muharram Hammad Zahid , Massinai Sitti Muthia Maghfirah , Adilla Syifa , Anggraeni Yunita 
Published: August 2020

Meskipun ilmu tentang asesmen sebagai pengukuran berkembang pesat di bidang psikologi, namun asesmen psikologi di arena alamiah (natural setting) masih belum banyak dibahas, dibandingkan dengan pembahasan tentang asesmen dan pengukuran psikologi di setting khusus seperti di ruang klinik dan industriDiperlukan suatu metode asesmen yang menjadikan komunitas bukan hanya sebagai tempat munculnya perilaku, melainkan sebagai modalitas yang menjadi bagian dari perilaku. Memanfaatkan keilmuan psikologi komunitas, dan etnografi, studi ini mengeksplorasi potensi etnografi sebagai instrumen untuk asesmen psikologi di setting alamiah. Kami memberikan contoh riset yang kami lakukan untuk menggambarkan pendekatan psikoetnografi. Riset tindakan dipilih sebagai pendekatan, dengan memanfaatkan mata kuliah etnografi yang diselenggarakan di program pasca sarjana psikologi. Tiga dosen dan lima mahasiswa peserta mata kuliah tersebut adalah tim peneliti, tiga lokasi dipilih, dan para mahasiswa belajar metode dan contoh-contoh etnografi di kelas, lalu mempraktekkan etnografi. Data yang dihasilkan berupa catatan etnografi, logbook kegiatan lapangan, dan laporan dalam format makalah, selanjutnya diperlakukan sebagai data asesmen yang akan diinterpretasikan aspek psikologisnya. Interpretasi yang dilakukan menunjukkan kemampuan etnografi untuk menghasilkan data psikologis yang dibutuhkan untuk asesmen psikologi. Dengan demikian, psikoetnografi dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alat kerja psikolog untuk melakukan asesmen psikologi pada sekelompok individu di setting komunitas sebagai lingkungan naturalnya.
Saudi Public Awareness Regarding Colon Cancer
Authors: Ahmed Nehad Jaser , Alrashidi Meshari 
Published: August 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in the world and in Saudi Arabia it is the second most common cancer ranking first among men and third among women. In Saudi Arabia there are no screening programs on a national level that conduct organized screening of colon cancer. Moreover, the knowledge about colon cancer is poor.
Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of Saudi population about colon cancer.
Methodology: The study consisted of a survey that was developed using a survey of previous study and after validation it was converted to online form and was distributed to be filled by the public.
Results: Public awareness regarding colon cancer is suboptimal, improving colon cancer awareness with educational interventions is needed specially for vulnerable people.
Conclusion: Serious active measures should be taken to fill the gap in awareness of this disease for the public and health care workers.
Role of Radiological Intervention in Brain Tumor: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Daqqaq Tareef Sahal 
Published: August 2020

Background
This meta-analysis highlights the diagnostic efficacy of computed tomography (CT), computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance image (MRI), as well as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). This paper assesses the detection of the primary outcome comprising choline/creatine ratio, relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), as well as choline/N-acetyl aspartate. Cochrane, Medline, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and EMBASE databases were searched for extracting the relevant studies.

Methods
A sample of 12 studies on radiologic assessment of brain tumors was selected.

Results
The evidence provides that the heterogeneity exists concerning the CBV of 311.623, I2 = 96.12%, with a significance value of P &lt; 0.001. The pooled difference showed rCBV mean (as 2.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.85 to 3.50) substantially enhances lesion.

Conclusion
The study concluded that radiological interventions, particularly the combination of MRS and MRI, help in the brain patient's precise diagnosis and treatment.
Multi-response Characteristics Optimization of a Paper-based Composite using Taguchi Method and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Pangestu Phengky , Qurrota Ayun Azizah Hadny , Wulandari Rizca Tri , Nabilah Ekty , Pujiyanto Eko 
Published: August 2020

Our dependency towards wood has reduced the number of forests especially in Indonesia. Hence, many people tried to use another material as a replacement of wood. One of them is composite. Department of Industrial Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret has developed paper-based composite using newspaper waste in Praktikum Perancangan Teknik Industri (PPTI) II. Unfortunately, the quality of composite is not so good. This paper tried to understand the effect of factors to responses and discover the best combination of factors to obtain the best responses. The responses of this experiment are tensile strength, bending strength and impact value. The factors of this experiment are paper pulp, PVAc glue and water. Taguchi method is used to find the appropriate orthogonal array and Particle Swarm Optimization method to find the optimum combination of the factors. Orthogonal array used in this experiment is L9 (34). Through analysis, all of the factors are significant to tensile and bending strength, but they are not significant to impact value. The best combination of factors is 175 grams paper pulp, 130 grams PVAc glue and 175 ml water. Optimum results obtained for tensile strength is 0.7595 N/mm2, bending strength is 4.873 N/mm2 and impact value is 0.0138 J/mm2.
PENGENDALIAN HAMA TIKUS DENGAN PENGASAPAN MODERN DITERAPKAN DI DUSUN SIDOMULYO
Authors: Sulistyorini Elisa , Sampurna Edwin Ramadhani , Basri Hasan , Yulianto Mochamad Firdaus 
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Desa Babakbawo memiliki luas 172,4 ha dan sebagian besar wilayahnya adalah dataran rendah yang tidak mengandung kapur sehingga pada umumnya masyarakat mengolah dan menggunakan tanah sebagai kolam, kebun, sawah dan lainnya. Sidomulyo adalah salah satu dusun di Babakbawo. Para petani di Sidomulyo menggunakan air dari Sungai Bengawan Solo untuk mengairi sawah. Hambatan besar pertanian di Sidomulyo adalah masalah hama tikus. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada solusi untuk membasmi tikus secara tepat dan efisien. Salah satu solusinya adalah metode merokok. Sebelum menggunakan perangkat ini, perangkat fogging yang mereka gunakan adalah perangkat fogging manual. Perangkat manual menggunakan tenaga tangan untuk menggerakkan kipas. Dalam penelitian ini metode fumigasi menggunakan fogging tikus modern dengan menggunakan motor listrik sebagai aktuator untuk mengaktifkan kipas di dalam perangkat. Perangkat fogging ini dibuat dengan tujuan agar petani lebih mudah memberantas tikus tanpa menyia-nyiakan tenaga dan waktu manusia. Perangkat ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas panen sehingga meningkatkan tingkat ekonomis di sidomulyo.Babakbawo village has an area of 172.4 ha and most of its area is lowland which does not contain lime so that in general the community cultivates and uses the land as ponds, gardens, rice fields and others. Sidomulyo is one of sub-village in Babakbawo. These farmers in Sidomulyo use water from the Bengawan Solo River to irrigate rice fields. The huge obstacle of agriculture in Sidomulyo is rat pest problem. Therefore, it is necessary to have a solution to eradicate rats appropriately and efficiently. One solution is the smoking method. Before use this device, fogging device that they used were manual fogging device. The manual device used hand power to actuate the fan. In this research method of fumigation using modern rat fogging by using a electric motor as an actuator to active the fan inside the device. This fogging device is made with the aim of making it easier for farmers to eradicate rats without wasting man power and time. The device is expected to improve the quality and quantity of the harvest so it increases the economical rate in sidomulyo.
CTRP12 inhibits triglyceride synthesis and export in hepatocytes by suppressing HNF‐4α and DGAT2 expression
Authors: Tan Stefanie Y. , Little Hannah C. , Sarver Dylan C. , Watkins Paul A. , Wong G. William 
Published: August 2020

C1q/TNF‐related protein 12 (CTRP12) is an antidiabetic adipokine whose circulating levels are reduced in obesity and diabetes. Although partial and complete loss‐of‐function mouse models suggest a role for CTRP12 in modulating lipid metabolism and adiposity, its effect on cellular lipid metabolism remains poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate a direct action of CTRP12 in regulating lipid synthesis and secretion. In hepatoma cells and primary mouse hepatocytes, CTRP12 treatment inhibits triglyceride synthesis by suppressing glycerophosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) expression. CTRP12 treatment also downregulates the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor‐4α (HNF‐4α) and its target gene microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), leading to reduced very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL)‐triglyceride export from hepatocytes. Consistent with the in vitro findings, overexpressing CTRP12 lowers fasting and postprandial serum triglyceride levels in mice. These results underscore the important function of CTRP12 in lipid metabolism in hepatocytes.
Retraining and control therapy for pediatric psychogenic non‐epileptic seizures
Authors: Fobian Aaron D. , Long Dustin M. , Szaflarski Jerzy P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial of a novel cognitive behaviorally based intervention for pediatric PNES called Retraining and Control Therapy (ReACT).MethodsParticipants were randomized to receive either eight sessions of ReACT or supportive therapy, and participants completed follow‐up visits at 7‐ and 60‐days posttreatment. The primary outcome measure was PNES frequency at 7‐days posttreatment. Eligibility criteria included children with video‐EEG confirmed PNES and participant/parent or guardian willingness to participate in treatment. Exclusion criteria included substance use, psychosis, and severe intellectual disability. Forty‐two patients were assessed for eligibility and 32 were randomized. ReACT aimed to retrain classically conditioned, involuntary PNES by targeting catastrophic symptom expectations and a low sense of control over symptoms using principles of habit reversal. Supportive therapy was based on the assumption that relief from stress or problems can be achieved by discussion with a therapist.ResultsTwenty‐nine participants (Mage = 15.1 years, SDage = 2.5; 72.2% female; 57.1% Caucasian, 28.6% African American) completed 7‐days postprocedures. For PNES frequency, the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test statistic was 273.5 yielding a normal approximation of Z = 4.725 (P < 0.0001), indicating a significant improvement in PNES frequency for ReACT at 7‐days posttreatment compared to supportive therapy. Participants with PNES in the 7‐days posttreatment were removed from the study for additional treatment, resulting in no 60‐day follow‐up data for supportive therapy.InterpretationReACT resulted in significantly greater PNES reduction than supportive therapy, with 100% of patients experiencing no PNES in 7 days after ReACT. Additionally, 82% remained PNES‐free for 60 days after ReACT.
Wood and the Activity of Dead Tissue
Authors: Eder Michaela , Schäffner Wolfgang , Burgert Ingo , Fratzl Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWood is a prototypical biological material, which adapts to mechanical requirements. The microarchitecture of cellulose fibrils determines the mechanical properties of woody materials, as well as their actuation properties, based on absorption and desorption of water. Herein it is argued that cellulose fiber orientation corresponds to an analog code that determines the response of wood to humidity as an active material. Examples for the harvesting of wood activity, as well as bioinspiration, are given.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles Using Arenediazonium Salts as Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Liu Jidan , Jiang Jinyuan , Zheng Liyao , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNitrogen heterocycles are important structural subunits that occur widely in bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, cosmetics, and functional materials. Considering the importance of these useful compounds in modern science, the synthesis of N‐heterocycles and their derivatives has always been a hot topic in organic synthesis. Recently, arenediazonium salts which can be easily prepared from inexpensive and abundantly available anilines, have been used as versatile nitrogen sources in the field of nitrogen heterocycle synthetic chemistry due to their ready availability, rich reactivity, and diverse transformations. The aim of the present review is to summarize the recent advances in the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles using arenediazonium salts as nitrogen sources in the past ten years. Hopefully, it can provide practical guidance for the readers who are interested in utilizing arenediazonium salts as building blocks in organic synthesis. For simplicity and clarity, the organization of this review is based on the number of N atoms in the ring of nitrogen heterocycle.magnified image