bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Behavior of Berea Sandstone under Cyclic Loading: An Application to Dynamic Loading of a Wellbore
Authors: Meng Meng , Miska Stefan , Yu Mengjiao , Ozbayoglu Evren Mehmet 
Published: September 2020

Summary
During the drilling process, many operations will cause cyclic loading of the wellbore, including surge/swab pressure generated by tripping operations and pressure fluctuations induced by shutdowns/startups of the mud pumps. With cyclic loading, the wellbore rock may fail even if the stress level is lower than the predetermined static rock strength because of fatigue. In this paper, comprehensive triaxial cyclic compression tests have been conducted under different maximum cyclic loading levels, confining pressure, amplitude, and frequency. New methods have been proposed and successfully applied to predict the monotonic strength of the rock samples. These approaches overcome the uncertainty caused by the standard average method. Using these experimental results, some empirical models (amplitude and fatigue life, frequency, and fatigue life) are proposed. Also, the evolutional laws of rock parameters (strain, residual strain, energy dissipation, etc.) during the cyclic loading stage are generated. A clear three-stage behavior is observed: early stage, steady stage, and late stage. Finally, the experiments are combined with two field-drilling cases. Results show to avoid rock fatigue because of tripping operations and shutdowns/startups of the mud pump, the maximum loading level should be less than 95% of the static strength for Berea Sandstone used in this study. Therefore, the maximum equivalent loading stress should avoid being close to the failure boundary. A safe buffer zone should be designed between the wellbore collapse boundary and actual bottomhole pressure.
Evaluation of a Nonionic Surfactant Foam for CO2 Mobility Control in a Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Jian Guoqing , Alcorn Zachary , Zhang Leilei , Puerto Maura C. , Soroush Samaneh , Graue Arne , Biswal Sibani Lisa , Hirasaki George J. 
Published: September 2020

Summary
In this paper, we describe a laboratory investigation of a nonionic surfactant for carbon dioxide-(CO2-) foam mobility control in the East Seminole field, a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in the Permian Basin of west Texas. A method of high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporativelight-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was followed for characterizing the surfactant stability. The foam transport process was studied in the absence and the presence of East Seminole crude oil, with test results showing that strong CO2-foam forms in either a bulk-foam test or foam-flow test. An oxygen scavenger, carbohydrazide, was found effective for controlling the stability of the surfactant up to 80°C and total dissolved solid of ∼34,000 ppm. Moreover, a phosphonate scale inhibitor was investigated and found to be compatible with the oxygen scavenger to accommodate a surfactant solution in a gypsum-oversaturated reservoir brine. During the oil-fractional flow test, an emulsion appears to form, causing a noticeable pressure increase; however, emulsion generation failed to cause a significant phase plugging in the test. Also, a STARS™ (Computer Modelling Group Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada) foam model was applied to obtain the foam parameters from the foam-flow experiments at steady-state conditions. The insights from laboratory experiments better enable translation of the foam technology to the field.
Interpolating Qualitative Time-Lapse Seismic Interpretations
Authors: da Motta Pires Paulo Roberto , King Peter R. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryTime-lapse seismic surveys, even if repeated at different calendar intervals, can only capture snapshots of a reservoir’s state. To obtain continuous information from these surveys, we propose a method to interpolate qualitative time-lapse seismic interpretations. As inputs, we take the sequence of interpreted boundaries of an expanding time-lapse seismic anomaly. Our solution combines the fast-marching method (FMM) and the Pollock (1988)pathline-tracing algorithm to estimate the intermediate boundary positions at times between acquisitions. For validation, we use a synthetic data set representing the scenario of a waterflooded sandstone reservoir. The results confirm that, despite small localized discrepancies in shape, at each time, the estimated boundary positions are in close agreement with the truth case. When time-lapse anomalies result primarily from changes in water saturations, the estimated boundary-arrival times resemble the actual water-front-arrival times. Hence, combined with classical immiscible displacement theory, the estimated arrival times can support a practical, model-independent, quantitative estimation of water saturations in the reservoir.
Accelerometry Assessed Physical Activity of Older Adults Hospitalized with Acute Medical Illness - an Observational Study
Authors: Tasheva Plamena , Kraege Vanessa , Vollenweider Peter , Roulet Guillaume , Méan Marie , Marques-Vidal Pedro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In a hospital setting and among older patients, inactivity and bedrest are associated with a wide range of negative outcomes such as functional decline, increased risk of falls, longer hospitalization and institutionalization. Our aim was to assess the distribution, determinants and predictors of physical activity (PA) levels using wrist-worn accelerometers in older patients hospitalized with acute medical illness.Methods: Observational study conducted from February to November 2018 at an acute internal medicine unit in the University hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland. We enrolled 177 patients aged ≥65 years, able to walk prior to admission. PA during acute hospital stay was continuously recorded via a 3D wrist accelerometer. Clinical data was collected from medical records or by interview. Autonomy level prior to inclusion was assessed using Barthel Index score. PA levels were defined as <30 mg for inactivity, 30-99 mg for light and ≥100 for moderate PA. Physically active patients were defined as 1) being in the highest quartile of time spent in light and moderate PA or 2) spending ≥20 minutes/day in moderate PA.Results: Median [interquartile range - IQR] age was 83 [74-87] years and 60% of participants were male. The median [IQR] time spent inactive and in light PA was 613 [518-663] and 63 [30-97] minutes/day, respectively. PA peaked between 8 and 10 am, at 12 am and at 6 pm. Less than 10% of patients were considered physically active according to definition 2. For both definitions, active patients had a lower prevalence of walking aids and a lower dependency level according to Barthel Index score. For definition 1, use of medical equipment was associated with a 70% reduction in the likelihood of being active: odds ratio (OR) 0.30 [0.10-0.92] p=0.034; for definition 2, use of walking aids was associated with a 75% reduction in the likelihood of being active: OR=0.24 [0.06-0.89], p=0.032.Conclusion: Older hospitalized patients are physically active only 10% of daily time and concentrate their PA around eating periods. Whether a Barthel Index below 95 prior to admission may be used to identify patients at risk of inactivity during hospital stay remains to be proven.
Effectiveness of HPV vaccination against the development of high grade cervical lesions in young Japanese women
Authors: Shiko Yuki , Konno Ryo , Konishi Hiroshi , Sauvaget Catherine , Ohashi Yasuo , Kakizoe Tadao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Although more than 10 years have passed since HPV vaccination was implemented first, as an interim programme (Emergent vaccine promotion programme) in November 2010, followed by incorporating into the National Immunization Programme in April, 2013 and suspended in June 2013, limited studies have investigated the HPV vaccine effectiveness against high-grade cervical lesions in Japan.Methods: We collected the matched data of the results of cervical biopsy and history of vaccination from the Japan Cancer Society database. The subjects were women aged 20 to 29 years screened for cervical cancer between April, 2015 and March, 2017, and with information on HPV vaccination status. We estimated the relative risk of developing high-grade cervical lesions in vaccinated subjects using Poisson regression as compared to unvaccinated subjects.Results: Among the 34,281 women screened, 3,770 (11.0%) were vaccinated. The prevalence of CIN2+ was significant lower in the vaccinated women as compared to the unvaccinated women (Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) =76%; RR=0.24, 95% CI:0.10-0.60). High VE against CIN3+ was also observed (91%; RR=0.09, 95% CI:0.00-0.42).Conclusion: Women aged 20–29 years who received at least one dose of HPV vaccine had a significantly lower risk of high-grade cervical lesions than those not vaccinated. In Japan, HPV vaccination should be resumed in order to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.
Subjective sleep quality and association with depression syndrome, chronic diseases and health-related physical fitness in the middle-aged and elderly
Authors: Hsu Min-Fang , Lee Kang-Yun , Lin Tsung-Ching , Liu Wen-Te , Ho Shu-Chuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: As a complex phenomenon, sleep quality is difficult to objectively define and measure, and multiple factors related to sleep quality, such as age, lifestyle, physical activity, and physical fitness, feature prominently in older adult populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate subjective sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and to associate sleep quality with health-related physical fitness factors, depressive symptoms, and the number of chronic diseases in the middle-aged and elderly.Methods: We enrolled a total of 283 middle-aged and elderly participants from a rehabilitation clinic or health examination department. The PSQI was used to evaluate sleep quality. The health-related fitness assessment included anthropometric and physical fitness parameters. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) short form. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0, and descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used for the analyses.Results: Overall, 27.9% of participants in this study demonstrated poor sleep quality (with a PSQI score of >5), 10.2% of study participants frequently used sleep medication to help them fall asleep, and 6.0% reported having significant depressive symptoms (with a CES-D score of ≥10). There are two major findings: (1) depression symptoms, the number of chronic diseases, self-rated health, and arthritis were significantly associated with a poor sleep quality, and (2) the 2-min step test was associated with longer sleep latency. These results confirmed that the 2-min step was associated with a longer sleep latency among the health-related physical fitness items.Conclusions: Our study found that depressive syndrome, chronic disease numbers, a poor self-rated health status, and arthritis were the main risk factors that influenced subjective sleep quality.
Social, economic, and legislative factors and global road traffic fatalities
Authors: Haghighi Mohammad Reza Rahmanian , Sayari Mohammad , Ghahramani Sulmaz , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Road traffic fatalities (RTF) is the 8th cause of mortality around the world. At the end of the Decade of Action, it would be of utmost importance to revisit our knowledge on the determinants of RTF. The aim of this study is to assess factors related to RTF at global level.Methods: We used road safety development index which accounts for the interactions between system, human and products to assess the RTF in 115 and 113 countries in 2013 and 2016, respectively. To analyze data, three statistical procedures (linear regression, classification and regression trees, and multivariate adaptive regression splines) were employed. Results: Classification and regression trees has the best performance amongst all others followed by multivariate adaptive regression splines for 2013 and 2016 data set with an R2 around 0.83. Results show that any increase in human development index was associated with RTF reduction. Comparing RTF data of 2013 and 2016, 8 countries experienced a change of more than 30%, which demonstrated a significant relationship with GINI index (named after Corrado Gini). Considering the three components of human development index, it is revealed that education explained most of RTF variation in classification and regression trees model followed by income and life expectancy. Conclusion: Policymakers should consider road collisions as a socio-economic issue. In this regard, they can make provisions to reduce RTF in the long run by focusing on enhancing the three components of human development index, mainly education. However, there is a need to investigate the causation pathway among these three components with RTF with different time-trend procedures.
Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10-24 years: A systematic review.
Authors: Haylock Sara , Boshari Talia , Alexander Emma C , Kumar Ameeta , Manikam Logan , Pinder Richard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Since 2013, the number of violent crimes and offences by sharp instruments have increased continually, following a previous decrease, with majority of cases occurring among young people and in London. There is limited understanding surrounding the drivers influencing this change in trends, with mostly American-based research identifying risk factors. Methods: The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence from a range of literature to identify risk factors associated with weapon-related crime, for young people (aged 10-24 years) within the UK. A search strategy was generated to conduct a systematic search of published and grey literature within four databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey), identifying papers within a UK-context. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers to assess eligibility for inclusion, namely study focus in line with the objectives of the review. Weight of Evidence approach was utilised to assess paper quality, resulting in inclusion of 16 papers. Thematic analysis was conducted for studies to identity and categorise risk factors according to the WHO ecological model.Results: No association was found between gender or ethnicity and youth violence, contrasting current understanding shown within media. Multiple research papers identified adverse childhood experiences and poor mental health as positively associated with youth and gang violence. It was suggested that community and societal risk factors, such as discrimination and economic inequality, were frequently linked to youth violence. A small number of studies were included within the review as this is a growing field of research, which may have led to a constrained number of risk factors identified. Due to heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. As many studies displayed positive results, publication bias may be present. Conclusions: Several risk factors were identified, with evidence currently heterogeneous with minimal high-quality studies. However, findings highlight key areas for future research, including the link between poor mental health and knife-crime, and the trajectory into gangs. Risk factors should help identify high-risk individuals, targeting them within mitigation strategies to prevent involvement within crime. This should contribute to efforts aimed at reducing the rising crime rates within UK.
Temporal trends in behavioral risk and protective factors and their association with mortality rates: results from Brazil and Argentina
Authors: Santos Leonardo Pozza , Meller Fernanda de Oliveira , Amann Valeria Romina , Schäfer Antônio Augusto 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite available information on trends in behavioral factors for Brazil and Argentina, little is known about the association of these trends with mortality. Understanding this association is important to avoid early deaths. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate temporal trends in behavioral risk and protective factors in Brazil and Argentina, and to assess their association with overall and cause-specific mortality rates.Methods: Ecological study with data from two population surveys from Brazil and Argentina. Weighted prevalence of tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity for the 27 Brazilian state capitals and for the 23 Argentinean provinces were used as behavioral factors. Information on overall mortality as well as cardiovascular diseases and cancer mortality for the year 2015 was collected from national mortality banks of both countries. Estimated prevalence rates were used to describe trends in behavioral factors from 2006 to 2014 in Brazil, and from 2005 to 2013 in Argentina, while Pearson’s correlation and linear regression models were used to assess their association with overall and cause-specific mortality rates.Results: Brazil presented improvements in behavioral risk and protective factors: sharp decrease in tobacco smoking prevalence (from 15% to 9%), increase in regular fruit and vegetable consumption (from 28% to 36%), and increase in physical activity (45% to 51%). In Argentina, results were more disappointing: small reduction in tobacco smoking (from 55% to 50%) and decrease in physical activity (from 55% to 45%). In both countries, excessive alcohol consumption remained stable, with increase only among women. The association between behavioral factors and mortality showed that in those Brazilian capitals with higher prevalence of regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, there were lower overall mortality rates. Stratification by gender revealed that significant results were only found among women. Conclusion: Prevalence of regular consumption of fruits and vegetables increased in Brazilian capitals and was associated with lower overall mortality rate, suggesting a positive impact of Brazilian policies to improve dietary intake patterns on its population’s mortality. Approaches focusing on behavioral factors are especially needed in Argentina to reach similar results of those seen in Brazil.
Examining Relationship between Occupational Acid Exposure and Oral Health in Workplace
Authors: Chen Wei-Liang , Chen Yuan-Yuei , Wu Wei-Te , Lai Ching-Huang , Sun Yu-Shan , Wang Chung-Ching 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Acid mist can suspend in the air and enter the body via skin contact, the respiratory tract, or even oral intake, which pose various health hazards. Previous studies have shown that occupational exposure to acid mist or acidic solutions is a major risk factor for oral diseases. However, the findings are inconsistent and do not consider individual factors and lifestyles that may cause the same oral diseases. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive oral health survey and collected detail information to confirm the effect of acidic solution exposure on worker’s oral health. Methods: From 4 acidic solution factories, a total of 309 subjects (157 in control and 152 in exposed group) was enrolled. All participants competed oral examinations and self-report questionnaire, including the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, community periodontal index (CPI), loss of attachment (LA) index, and tooth erosion. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between the acidic solution exposure and oral health.Results: The results showed that acid exposure was correlated with soft oral tissue injury rather than hard oral tissue in our survey. In the multivariate model (adjusted for sex, age, worked years, education level, mouthwash use, dental floss use, tooth brushing, mask use, smoking, drinking, chewing areca and dietary habits with acidic foods), significant relationships of acid exposure with LA score were observed (OR=2.32, 95% CI 1.03-5.26). However, the presence of acid exposure was not significantly associated with tooth erosion, DMFT, and CPITN.Conclusion: Our study highlighted that occupational acid exposure was an independent risk factor for periodontal health, especially LA. It is important to strengthen occupational hazard control, educate workers on oral disease and related factors, and raise the awareness of oral hygiene.
The prognostic significance of inflammation-based scores in patients with ampullary carcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Sun Shuxin , He Chaobin , Wang Jun , Huang Xin , Wu Jiali , Li Shengping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Growing evidence indicates that systemic inflammatory response plays an important role in cancer development and progression. Several inflammatory markers have been reported to be associated with the clinical outcomes in patients with various types of cancer. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of the inflammatory indexes in patients suffering from ampullary cancer (AC) who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed a database of 358 patients with AC who underwent PD between 2009 and 2018. R software was used to compare the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUROCs) of the inflammation-based indexes, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and prognostic index (PI), in terms of their predictive value of survival. The survival differences of these indexes were compared by Kaplan-Meier method and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors of progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

The estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS and PFS rates were 83.9%, 65.8%, 55.2% and 58.0%, 42.8%, 37.8%, respectively, for the entire cohort. The survival differences were significant in terms of OS and PFS when they were stratified by these inflammation-based indexes. The comparisons of AUROCs of these inflammation-based indexes illustrated that NLR and PI displayed highest prognostic value, compared to other indexes. When NLR and PI were combined, NLR-PI showed even higher AUROC values and was identified as a significant prognostic factor in terms of OS and PFS.

Conclusion

Specific inflammatory indexes, such as NLR, PLR and PI, were found to be able to predict the OS or PFS of patients. As a novel inflammatory index, the level of NLR-PI, which can be regarded as a more useful prognostic index, exhibited strong predictive power for predicting prognosis of patients with AC after PD procedure.