bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment among diverse Hispanics/Latinos: Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging results
Authors: González Hector M. , Tarraf Wassim , Schneiderman Neil , Fornage Myriam , Vásquez Priscilla M. , Zeng Donglin , Youngblood Marston , Gallo Linda C. , Daviglus Martha L. , Lipton Richard B. , Kaplan Robert , Ramos Alberto R. , Lamar Melissa , Thomas Sonia , Chai Albert , DeCarli Charles 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe estimated the prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among middle‐aged and older diverse Hispanics/Latinos.MethodsMiddle‐aged and older diverse Hispanics/Latinos enrolled (n = 6377; 50–86 years) in this multisite prospective cohort study were evaluated for MCI using the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association diagnostic criteria.ResultsThe overall MCI prevalence was 9.8%, which varied between Hispanic/Latino groups. Older age, high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and elevated depressive symptoms were significant correlates of MCI prevalence. Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE) and APOE2 were not significantly associated with MCI.DiscussionMCI prevalence varied among Hispanic/Latino backgrounds, but not as widely as reported in the previous studies. CVD risk and depressive symptoms were associated with increased MCI, whereas APOE4 was not, suggesting alternative etiologies for MCI among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. Our findings suggest that mitigating CVD risk factors may offer important pathways to understanding and reducing MCI and possibly dementia among diverse Hispanics/Latinos.
A Different Trajectory: Market-Consciousness in Chinese Political Economy, 800–1800
Authors: Dunstan Helen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article engages critically with William Rowe's notion of an “alternative economic discourse” linking the market-consciousness shown in some aspects of Dong Wei's approach to famine relief in the Song dynasty to that which informed many subsistence-policy discussions and some aspects of bureaucratic practice during the high Qing. The longevity of the discursive tradition is shown to be understated if we start with Dong Wei, but it is also taken as an interpretative challenge. Comparison with the case ofancien régimeFrance is used to suggest an alternative conceptualization that enables us to differentiate between (1) a mainstream tradition of conventionally accepted market-conscious prescriptions that were not perceived as challenging Confucian moralism, and (2)avant-gardedepartures. A review of the arguments used down the centuries to justify distributing famine relief in monetary form is used to pinpoint one such departure and to reflect on its significance in a multi-century perspective.
Less Popular but More Effective Toeholds in Corporate Takeovers
Authors: Dai Yun , Gryglewicz Sebastian , Smit Han T. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite their claimed advantages, toehold strategies have rarely been adopted in recent corporate takeovers and do not seem to increase acquirer returns. Are toeholds ineffective and becoming obsolete? We show that this is not the case. We find that toeholds are preferred for executing difficult takeovers. After controlling for such endogeneity in toehold-based acquisitions, toeholds do increase returns to acquirers. Moreover, the performance of toehold strategies improves over time due to more selective and more effective acquisition of toeholds. We find that this time trend is in part explained by learning from past toehold acquisitions.
Bacterial feeding nematodes ingest haemocytes in the haemocoel of the insectGalleria mellonella
Authors: Ono Masaya , Hayakawa Yoichi , Yoshiga Toyoshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInsect parasitic nematodes have acquired mechanisms to evade their host immune response for successful parasitism. Despite the importance of understanding of the evolution of evasion mechanisms from host immunity, insect immune response against non-parasitic nematodes has not been well studied. In our previous study, we demonstrated that a non-insect parasitic nematodeCaenorhabditis eleganswas not encapsulated by haemocytes in the larvae of the greater wax mothGalleria mellonella. To understand how nematodes influence insect haemocytes to escape encapsulation, we examined the effect ofC. eleganson haemocytes in the haemocoel ofG. mellonellalarvae. Injection of nematodes resulted in the decrease of haemocyte density while mortality and spreading ability of haemocytes, the haematopoietic organs were not affected.In vitroco-incubation of haemocytes with nematodes resulted in a decrease of haemocyte density and we observed feeding on haemocytes by nematodes. Injection ofC. elegansfeeding-delay mutants into insects did not cause the decrease of haemocyte density. The decrease of haemocyte density was due to the nematode's ingestion of haemocytes. Furthermore, an entomopathogenic nematode and other bacterial feeding nematodes also showed similar feeding behaviour. The nematode's ability to feed on haemocytes may have played an important role in the evolution of nematode parasitism in bacterial-feeding nematodes.
A continent of and for whiteness?: “White” colonialism and the 1959 Antarctic Treaty
Authors: Mancilla Alejandra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere are at least four ways in which Antarctic colonialism was white: it was paradigmatically performed by white men; it consisted in the taking of vast, white expanses of land; it was carried out with acarte blanche(literally, “blank card”) attitude; and it was presented to the world as a white, innocent adventure. While the first, racial whiteness has been amply problematised, I suggest that the last three illuminate yet other moral wrongs of the Antarctic colonial project. Moreover, they might be constitutive of a larger class of “white” colonialisms beyond the White Continent.
Grey Wolf Optimization-Based Second Order Sliding Mode Control for Inchworm Robot
Authors: Roy Rupam Gupta , Ghoshal Dibyendu 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYThe flexible motion of the inchworm makes the locomotion mechanism as the prominent one than other limbless animals. Recently, the application of engineering greatly assists the inchworm locomotion to be applicable in the robotic mechanism. Due to the outstanding robustness, sliding mode control (SMC) has been validated as a robust control strategy for diverse types of systems. Even though the SMC techniques have made numerous achievements in several fields, some systems cannot be comfortably accepted as the general SMC approaches. Accordingly, this paper develops the Grey Wolf-Second order sliding mode control (GW-SoSMC) to control the manipulator of the inchworm robot. The GW-SoSMC reduces the chattering phenomenon of SMC and improves the controlling ability of SoSMC by weightage function. Subsequently, it compares the performance of the proposed method with several conventional techniques like Grey Wolf-SMC (GW-SMC), FireFly-SoSMC (FF-SoSMC), Artificial Bee Colony-SoSMC (ABC-SoSMC), Group Searching-SoSMC (GS-SoSMC), and Genetic Algorithm-SoSMC (GA-SoSMC). It portrays the valuable comparative analysis by measuring the accomplished joint angles, error, and response of the controller. Thus the proposed method discovers the supervisory controller for the inchworm robot that is immensely better than conventional controllers mentioned earlier.
Strategic investment in tuberculosis control in the Republic of Bulgaria
Authors: Doan T. N. , Varleva T. , Zamfirova M. , Tyufekchieva M. , Keshelava A. , Hristov K. , Yaneva A. , Gadzheva B. , Zhang S. , Irbe S. , Ragonnet R. , McBryde E. S. , Trauer J. M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As Bulgaria transitions away from Global Fund grant, robust estimates of the comparative impact of the various response strategies under consideration are needed to ensure sustained effectiveness of the tuberculosis (TB) programme. We tailored an established mathematical model for TB control to the epidemic in Bulgaria to project the likely outcomes of seven intervention scenarios. Under existing programmatic conditions projected forward, the country's targets for achieving TB elimination in the coming decades will not be achieved. No interventions under consideration were predicted to accelerate the baseline projected reduction in epidemiological indicators significantly. Discontinuation of the ‘Open Doors’ program and activities of non-governmental organisations would result in a marked exacerbation of the epidemic (increasing incidence in 2035 by 6–8% relative to baseline conditions projected forward). Changing to a short course regimen for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) would substantially decrease MDR-TB mortality (by 21.6% in 2035 relative to baseline conditions projected forward). Changing to ambulatory care for eligible patients would not affect TB burden but would be markedly cost-saving. In conclusion, Bulgaria faces important challenges in transitioning to a primarily domestically-financed TB programme. The country should consider maintaining currently effective programs and shifting towards ambulatory care to ensure program sustainability.
Utility of expert focused cardiac ultrasound in paediatric cardiology outreach clinics
Authors: Rauser-Foltz Kristina K. , Danford David A. , Strawn Jennifer K. , Kutty Shelby 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective:This prospective observational study evaluates the utility of expert focused cardiac ultrasound (eFCU) with spectral Doppler to inform decision making in established patients with specific, selected congenital cardiac defects in outreach clinics. Secondary objectives include determining if the addition of eFCU expands capacity in paediatric cardiology outreach clinics and if it improves the patient experience.Methods:Patients aged 2 months to 19 years old with a diagnosis of ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, aortic valve stenosis, or pulmonary valve stenosis with the need for follow-up echocardiography in an outreach clinic from August 2017 to June 2018 were studied. A novel assessment tool was used to determine the success of eFCU.Results:Forty-two patients from 11 clinics underwent eFCU with one unsuccessful exam making the failure rate 2.3% (95% CI 0.0006–0.1256). Addition of eFCU led to a significant increase in volume of patients able to be seen 19 versus 15.5 (p < 0.01). A majority of parents/patients reported a positive experience with eFCU.Conclusion:Expert focused cardiac ultrasound with spectral Doppler can be used successfully for follow-up in patients with select CHD and the addition of eFCU permits increased patient capacity in outreach clinics and has the potential to improve the patient experience.
Transitional justice in postwar Austria
Authors: Braumann Céline 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAustria's post-World War II transition from two consecutive, abusive regimes (the Austro-fascist and the Nazi regime) to a functioning democracy has not yet been thoroughly assessed through the lens of transitional justice. An evaluation of what could now be dubbed transitional-justice measures shows that Austria was reluctant in accepting its collective responsibility vis-à-vis the victims of World War II. Another defining factor of Austria's transition is that it never encouraged the surviving victims of the Nazi regime to return. An appraisal of Austria's transition in light of the two final ends of transitional justice, namely democracy and reconciliation, culminates in two conclusions: first, Austria attained the goal of democracy but failed with reconciliation; second, the current model of transitional justice is ill-equipped to assess the non-linear course of long-past transitions.
Why achieving gender equality is of fundamental importance to improve the health and well-being of future generations: a DOHaD perspective
Authors: Roseboom Tessa J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite progress in gender equality, women continue to be disadvantaged compared with men. Worldwide, women are more often confronted with poverty, violence, and mental health problems, and they have less access to food and education. All these factors do not only affect women themselves, but also have a negative impact on the child’s early environment and impair its early development, thereby reducing the health and well-being of future generations. Framing gender equality as a women’s issue fails to highlight the importance of gender equality for the health and well-being of the next generation. As a scientific community investigating early human development and health, we have failed to fully recognize and underscore the importance of gender equality in achieving the best possible start for every child. If women and men had equal rights and opportunities, their children would be more likely to reach their full potential which would improve the health and well-being of future generations. Our studies and interventions have not fully taken into account the complexity of gender inequality and women’s disadvantaged positions in society. We need better insight into the complex adaptive interactions between various societal and human factors contributing to gender inequality and find approaches that take this complexity into account. If we want DOHaD science to have societal impact, we should strive beyond gender equality for gender equity and help women achieve equal rights and opportunities. We need to work with public health professionals, human rights activists, and policymakers to gauge the importance of gender equality. After all, gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but also a necessary foundation for healthier future generations.
The association between birthweight and grandparental type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in a multiethnic population
Authors: Kjøllesdal Marte , Jenum Anne Karen , Næss Øyvind , Sletner Line 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntergenerational links of chronic disease have been suggested, as birthweight (BW) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in both parents and grandparents. However, most studies investigating these relationships have used relatively homogenous, white, majority populations. This study aimed to investigate the association between BW and CVD and T2D in a multiethnic population, that is, where the parents and grandparents often developed in a different environment from that where the child was born. Participants were women from a population-based cohort study of pregnant women (STORK Groruddalen), attending Child Health Clinics for antenatal care in three administrative city districts in Oslo, Norway, 2008–2010. Information about socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were collected among mothers and fathers. Parents reported history of CVD or T2D among grandparents. In logistic regressions, higher BW z-scores were associated with lower odds of T2D among maternal (OR 0.71 (95% CI 0.53, 0.97) and paternal (0.68 (0.49, 0.94) grandmothers after adjustments for parental and grandmothers’ characteristics. BW was not associated with CVD, but the association in maternal grandfathers was borderline significant. Our results indicate intergenerational transmission of chronic diseases like T2D in a multiethnic population.
Geocoronal Hydrogen Emission Variation Over Two Solar Cycles
Authors: Nossal S. M. , Mierkiewicz E. J. , Roesler F. L. , Woodward R. C. , Gardner D. D. , Haffner L. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGround‐based hydrogen Balmer‐α observations from Northern midlatitudes span multiple solar cycles, facilitating investigation of decadal scale variations, including natural variability in the hydrogen response to solar geophysical changes. Here we present a reanalysis of ground‐based hydrogen emission observations from the early 1990s and their comparison with observations obtained in 2000–2001 in the context of the extended Northern Hemisphere midlatitude geocoronal hydrogen emission data set. This work suggests an increase in hydrogen emission intensity between the solar‐maximum period of 1990–1991 (Solar Cycle 22) and the near‐solar‐maximum period of 2000–2001 (Solar Cycle 23), with the caveat that this is a limited data set and that there are calibration uncertainties discussed in this paper. Solar activity was higher during the earlier solar maximum period. Thus, the apparent increase in intensity is counter to previous observations from midlatitudes in which the observed intensity increases with higher solar activity. This increase was also not seen in comparison of intensities from three solar minima periods. Further, the apparent increase in intensity is also likely of larger magnitude than model simulations would predict due to increases in methane and carbon dioxide. We will discuss the reanalysis and recalibration of the 1990–1991 observations using current analysis approaches and the interpretation of these observations in the context of observations and modeling of hydrogen variation over different time scales. The detailed review of the calibration procedures has also provided insights to guide design of future observations.
Spatiotemporal Observations of Wave Dispersion Within Sea Ice Using Sentinel‐1 SAR TOPS Mode
Authors: Monteban Dennis , Johnsen Harald , Lubbad Raed 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we derive the dispersion relation for waves within ice‐covered waters from the Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Wide swath mode by using an innovative new implementation of the method proposed by Johnsen and Collard (2009). We apply this method to the spatial burst overlap area that is present due to the terrain observations with progressive scans (TOPS) technique. The advantage of this implementation is the use of a larger time separation between subsequent images that results in a less noisy and higher‐quality imaginary spectrum, which allows us to obtain spatiotemporal information of the dispersion relation. We studied seven wave events in the Barents Sea, where we have accompanying in situ data of sea currents and sea ice draft, available from the Barents Sea Metocean and Ice Network measurement program. Having simultaneous data on the currents is a significant improvement over previous studies and allows us to quantify these data's influence on the dispersion relation. The derived dispersion relation from Sentinel‐1 is derived for long waves propagating through icy waters (peak wavelengths 100–350 m), and it does not deviate from the theoretical open‐water dispersion relation. At present, however, the spatial resolution of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is too coarse and does not enable the study of the dispersion relation for short waves within sea ice.
Twenty‐Year Variations in Satellite‐Derived Chlorophyll‐a and Phytoplankton Size in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea
Authors: Sun Xuerong , Shen Fang , Brewin Robert J.W. , Liu Dongyan , Tang Rugang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhytoplankton cell size is a useful ecological indicator for evaluating the response of phytoplankton community structure to environmental changes. Ocean‐color remote observations and algorithms have allowed us to estimate phytoplankton size classes (PSCs) at decadal scale, helping us to understand their trends under ocean warming. Here a large data set of pigments, derived through high performance liquid chromatography, was collected in the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS) between 2014 and 2016. The data set was used to reparametrize the sea surface temperature (SST)‐dependent three‐component model of Brewin et al. (2017) to the region. The model was validated using independent in situ data set and subsequently applied to satellite chlorophyll‐a data from Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative, spanning from 1997 to 2016, to derive percentages of three PSCs to total chlorophyll‐a. Monthly‐averaged PSCs exhibited spatial‐temporal variations in the study area, linked to topography, temperature, solar radiation, currents, and monsoonal winds. In the surface central south Yellow Sea (SYS), influenced by bottom Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass, tight relationships between PSCs and environmental factors were observed, where high SST, high sea level anomaly, low mixed‐layer depth, and low wind speed resulted in higher proportions of nanoplankton and picoplankton from June to October. Significant interannual anomlies in PSCs were found associated with El Niño events in the central SYS, related to anomalies in SST. The refined model characterized 20‐year variations in chlorophyll‐a concentration and PSCs in complicated optical, hydrodynamic, and biogeochemical environments in the BS and YS.
Impact of SCATSat‐1 Retrieved Wind Vectors on Short‐Range WRF Model Predictions Over the South Asia Region
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Gairola R. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Indian Space Research Organization launched SCATterometer Satellite‐1 (SCATSat­1) satellite by PSLV‐C35 on 26 September 2016 from Sriharikota. In this study, SCATSat‐1 retrieved winds are assimilated in the regional atmospheric model subsequent to preliminary evaluation of SCATSat‐1 retrieved winds against National Centers for Environmental Prediction final analyses. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and its three‐ and four‐dimensional variational (3D‐Var and 4D‐Var) data assimilation system are used to demonstrate the importance of SCATSat‐1 retrieved winds on short‐range weather prediction. In the first set of experiments, two parallel runs are performed with and without assimilation of SCATSat‐1 retrieved winds using 6‐hourly cycling during entire month of December 2016. Results suggest that assimilation of SCATSat‐1 retrieved winds improved the WRF model analyses and subsequent forecasts of winds and moisture. In the second set of experiments, parallel assimilation experiments are performed with SCATSat‐1 retrieved winds using 3D‐Var and 4D‐Var method for the entire lifetime of tropical cyclone Ockhi as a case study. Results suggest that assimilation of SCATSat‐1 winds has positive impact on Ockhi tropical cyclone prediction with slightly better forecast skill for 4D‐Var technique. Moreover, assimilation of SCATSat‐1 retrieved winds improved predictions of surface convergence and accumulated rainfall. In the last set of experiments, forecast sensitivity to observations are performed for SCATSat‐1 retrieved different resolution winds using the WRF tangent linear and adjoint models for the entire lifetime of tropical cyclone Ockhi. Results suggest that SCATSat‐1 retrieved winds have positive impact on tropical cyclone simulation.