bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Would you tell me If i smelled bad?,” 14‐year‐old Dylan diagnosed with olfactory reference syndrome: A case report
Authors: Alvarez David V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTopicOlfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a psychiatric condition that is not known to many psychiatric providers and yet it is thought to be far more common than generally recognized. Symptoms of ORS are disruptive, debilitating, and can severely impair the daily functioning of patients dealing with it.PurposeThis article provides an overview of ORS and explores how it can be mistaken for other diagnostic constellations. A case report that details the treatment of a 14‐year‐old male illustrates how a clinician employs a multimodal approach to address symptoms that overlap with other diagnoses to successfully treat a patient with ORS.SourcesExisting literature on the treatment of ORS and obsessive–compulsive disorder in adults, adolescents, and children and the clinical experience of providing care to a 14‐year‐old patient in an outpatient setting.ConclusionsNurses and other healthcare providers should be made more aware of the symptoms, criteria, and diagnosis of ORS. Research needs to be increased to solidify ORS as a formal diagnosis and treatment recommendations are required to better treat this underserved population.
Pre‐operative ultrasound planning in the surgical management of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Cuenca‐Barrales C. , Salvador‐Rodríguez L. , Arias‐Santiago S. , Molina‐Leyva A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundUltrasonography can improve disease severity assessment in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) patients. The use of pre‐operative ultrasonography could improve surgical outcomes in HS patients.Objectives(i) To assess changes in the projected skin‐excised area after the use of pre‐operative ultrasonography, (ii) to explore the clinical factors potentially associated with inaccurate clinical surgical delimitation and (iii) to compare recurrence rates after pre‐operative ultrasound vs clinical surgical margin delimitation at week 24.MethodsCohort study. Patient candidates for surgical treatment by wide excision and healing by secondary intention with a clinical projected skin‐excised area equal to or larger than 15 cm2 were included. The main variables of interest were the clinical and ultrasound projected skin‐excised area and surgical recurrence.ResultsPre‐operative ultrasound surgical margin delimitation increased the mean excised area by 3.67 (SD 0.86) cm2, P = 0.004. The Bland–Altman plot showed that in 65% of surgical procedures the use of ultrasonography increased the projected skin‐excised area. Higher IHS4 scores, BMI, male sex and Hurley stage II vs III all increased the difference between clinical and ultrasound surgical delimitation. At week 24, the recurrence rate in the surgical clinical delimitation cohort was 30% compared to 10% in the cohort with pre‐operative ultrasonography (P = 0.10).ConclusionsPre‐operative ultrasonography improves surgical margin delimitation and can lower recurrence rates at 24 weeks in HS patients. Potential risk factors for inaccurate clinical surgical delimitation are obesity, male sex, Hurley II stage and elevated IHS4 scores, so special attention should be given to these patients when ultrasonography is not available and surgical delimitation is based only on clinical examination.
Existing value addition initiatives enhancing recognition of territorial traits of three Kenyan honey
Authors: Warui Mary W. , Mburu John , Kironchi Geoffrey , Gikungu Mary 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecognition of honeys with specific characteristics attributed to their territory (geographical origin) can enhance increased incomes to households in rural areas of Kenya, if protected and sold under Geographical Indications labels. This is mainly because product recognition can result in its demand, reputation, access to market and its protection from imitation and disappearance from the market. Initiatives undertaken by actors in the honey subsector and other sectors to promote recognition of Kenyan honeys and their territorial and local traits have not been documented. This study evaluated the existing value addition initiatives enhancing recognition of territorial or local traits of the three Kenyan honey, that is, honey from Kitui, West Pokot, and Baringo. Data collection methods used included literature review as well as interviews with relevant stakeholders in the honey subsector and other relevant sectors. Results showed that development of honey value chains, product certification, product promotional and marketing activities, and awareness on the link between product quality and geographical origin have greatly contributed to recognition of West Pokot, Baringo, and Kitui honey as well as their territorial traits.
Lifetime investment and consumption with recursive preferences and small transaction costs
Authors: Melnyk Yaroslav , Muhle‐Karbe Johannes , Seifried Frank Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigate the effects of small proportional transaction costs on lifetime consumption and portfolio choice. The extant literature has focused on agents with additive utilities. Here, we extend this analysis to the archetype of nonadditive preferences: the isoelastic recursive utilities proposed by Epstein and Zin.
Effectiveness of body roundness index in predicting metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rico‐Martín Sergio , Calderón‐García Julían F. , Sánchez‐Rey Purificación , Franco‐Antonio Cristina , Martínez Alvarez Mariana , Sánchez Muñoz‐Torrero Juan F. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBody roundness index (BRI) is a new anthropometric index developed to predict both body fat and the percentage of visceral adipose tissue. Our aim was to investigate whether BRI is superior to traditional anthropometric indices in predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS). This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases. The estimated pooled areas under curve (AUCs) for BRI predicting MetS was higher than body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), body shape index (ABSI) and body adiposity index (BAI), similar to waist circumference (WC) and lower than waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR). However, the difference between BRI and BMI, WC and WHtR predicting MetS was statistically non‐significant. Similar results were found with the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐SROC). In addition, the non‐Chinese population had pooled AUCs greater than the Chinese population for all indices. Pooled ORs showed that BRI is associated with an increased MetS risk. In conclusion, BRI had good discriminatory power for MetS in adults of both sexes from diverse populations (AUC > 0.7; AUC‐SROC>0.7). However, WC and WHtR offer the best performance when screening for MetS, and non‐significant differences were found with BRI. In contrast, BRI was superior to BMI, WHR, ABSI and BAI in predicting MetS.
Special considerations for the management of COVID‐19 pediatric patients in the operating room and pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital in Singapore
Authors: Thampi Swapna , Yap Andrea , Fan Lijia , Ong Jacqueline 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 was first identified in Wuhan, China and is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV 2. It has now spread rapidly to over 190 countries and territories around the world and has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The virus is spread through droplet transmission and currently has a mortality rate of over 4% globally. The pediatric population has been found to be less susceptible to the disease with the majority of children having milder symptoms and only one pediatric death being reported globally so far. Despite this, strategies need to be put in place to prevent further spread of the virus. We present a summary of the general measures implemented at a large adult and pediatric tertiary hospital in Singapore (National University Hospital) as well as the specific strategies in place for the operating room and pediatric intensive care unit.
Confirmation of success rate of landmark‐based caudal blockade in children using ultrasound: A prospective analysis
Authors: Boretsky Karen R. , Camelo Carlos , Waisel David B. , Falciola Veronique , Sullivan Cornelius , Brusseau Elena , Eastburn Elizabeth , Gomez‐Morad Andrea , Luckanavanich Wasin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCaudal epidural anesthesia is a frequently performed regional anesthesia block in infants and young children. Traditional landmark‐based blind needle insertion remains the norm with no immediate, objective method to determine the presence of local anesthetic in the epidural space. Increasingly, ultrasound‐imaging is used in pediatric regional anesthesia with demonstrated improvements in block efficacy and efficiency. The value of ultrasound‐imaging in confirming success rate of traditional caudal placement is not well defined. AimTo assess the success rate of conventional landmark‐based caudal technique using ultrasound‐imaging.MethodsProspective observational study of 30 children ages 1 month to 7 years undergoing surgical procedures with consent for caudal blockade. Provider success rate of caudal blockade placed by landmark technique was measured using ultrasound‐imaging of needle tip and local anesthetic flow in the epidural space.ResultsUltrasound‐imaging demonstrated 80% success to correct positioning of the needle tip and local anesthetic in the epidural space. Failure was associated with decreasing experience and presence of anatomic variances. All improperly positioned needles were subsequently successfully positioned using real‐time ultrasound‐imaging. Mean time for confirmatory ultrasound‐imaging (SD; range) was 1 minute (0.3; 1‐3).ConclusionThe use of ultrasound‐imaging can be used to identify proper needle placement in the sacral epidural canal and facilitate subsequent corrected placement.
Short‐Term Effects of Media Reports on Terrorism That Are Consistent vs. Not Consistent with Media Recommendations on Mass Shootings: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Laido Zrinka , Till Benedikt , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveMedia recommendations for the reporting of events where one person or a small group kills multiple others in public settings have been developed recently by suicide prevention experts. Evidence on the effects of reports that are compliant or noncompliant with these recommendations is lacking.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial withn = 148 participants who were randomly assigned to read newspaper articles (A) on acts of terrorism assumed to be conducted by Islamist terrorists and not consistent with media recommendations, (B) the same articles differing only in their compliance with recommendations, or (C) articles of similar style that were about homicide. Islamophobia as well as suicidal ideation, stress, and mood were measured before reading the article (T1), immediately afterwards (T2), and one week later (T3). The primary hypothesis was that there is an increase in islamophobia after exposure to media portrayals not consistent with media recommendations.ResultsCompared to the control group, only participants reading media reports that were not consistent with media recommendations showed a short‐term increase in islamophobia.ConclusionThese findings suggest that reporting on terrorism that is not consistent with media recommendations appears to increase islamophobia. In the context of reporting on Islamist terrorism, consistency with recommendations might help reduce negative attitudes toward Muslim minorities.
Corneal anesthesia associated with topical application of 2% lidocaine nonophthalmic gel to healthy canine eyes
Authors: Robin Marie‐Claire , Papin Aurélie , Regnier Alain , Douet Jean-Yves 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the degree and duration of corneal anesthesia induced by topical application of 2% lidocaine gel to the healthy canine eye.AnimalsNineteen adult Beagles free of ocular abnormalities.ProceduresBaseline corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured bilaterally with a Cochet‐Bonnet aesthesiometer. The 2% lidocaine gel (0.1 mL) was applied to one eye, randomly assigned, and the same volume of a lubricant gel was applied to the opposite eye. The CTT measurements were repeated bilaterally within 1 minute, after drug application, and every 5 minutes, until the baseline corneal sensitivity was restored. The potential for local adverse effects was evaluated.ResultsComplete desensitization of the cornea (CTT = 0) was achieved one minute after lidocaine gel application and was maintained during 25.3 ± 12.5 minutes. Overall, the corneal sensitivity was significantly decreased for 58.4 ± 16.6 minutes compared with baseline level. Minor and reversible punctate epithelial erosions of the cornea were observed in the two treatment groups and were attributed to the anesthetic effect and the aesthesiometry procedure.ConclusionsIn the current study, the 2% lidocaine gel provided a sustained, deep and well‐tolerated corneal anesthesia in ophthalmically normal dogs.
Regular moderate exercise alleviates gastric oxidative damage in rats via the contribution of oxytocin receptors
Authors: Arabacı Tamer Sevil , Üçem Selen , Büke Berk , Güner Muhammed , Karaküçük Alp Giray , Yiğit Niyazi , Şirvancı Serap , Çevik Özge , Ercan Feriha , Yeğen Berrak Ç. 
Published: April 2020

Key points
A moderate level of exercise has beneficial effects for the prevention of gastric ulcers.
Although regular aerobic exercise was shown to elevate serum oxytocin levels and exogenously administered oxytocin exerts an anti‐ulcer activity, the role of endogenous oxytocin in the gastroprotective effects of exercise has not yet been elucidated.
We showed that increased anxiety and oxidative gastric damage induced by gastric ulcers were reversed in pre‐exercised rats, while reduced hypothalamic oxytocin expression and decreased myenteric oxytocin receptor expression due to gastric ulcers were abolished by exercise.
We also reported that the blockade of oxytocin receptors exaggerated gastric damage in exercised rats with ulcers.
Our data establish that endogenous oxytocin is the key mediator in the beneficial effects of regular physical activity in alleviating gastric injury.AbstractExercise increases serum oxytocin levels and exogenous oxytocin exerts an anti‐ulcer activity; but the role of oxytocin in the protective effects of exercise against gastric ulcers has not yet been evaluated. This study was designed to investigate the impact of regular swimming exercise on oxidative gastric injury, and the role of oxytocin receptor activity in the anxiolytic and anti‐inflammatory actions of exercise. Adult Wistar albino rats of both sexes performed swimming exercise (30 min/day, 5 days) or stayed sedentary. At the end of the 6‐week exercise/sedentary protocol, rats were injected intraperitoneally with atosiban (0.1 mg/kg/day) or saline for 4 days. On the 5th day, under anaesthesia, acetic acid (ulcer) or saline (sham) was applied onto the gastric serosa and the treatments were continued. On the 9th day, anxiety levels were determined; gastric blood flow was measured, and blood, gastric and brain tissues were obtained. Induction of ulcers in sedentary rats increased anxiety and serum corticosterone levels; but reduced gastric blood flow and resulted in apoptosis and oxidative gastric damage with increased cytokine expressions. However, when ulcers were induced in pre‐exercised rats, behavioural and biochemical alterations due to gastric damage were reversed. The inhibition of oxytocin receptors by atosiban exaggerated pro‐inflammatory cytokine expressions and gastric lipid peroxidation in the stomachs of exercised rats with ulcers. When rats had regularly exercised prior to ulcer induction, reductions in the immunolabelling of hypothalamic oxytocin and myenteric oxytocin receptors were abolished, suggesting that exercise‐induced alleviation of gastric injury may involve the reversal of down‐regulated oxytocinergic activity.
Mitigating Peak Impact Forces by Customizing the Passive Foot Dynamics of Legged Robots
Authors: Rond Jesse J. , Cardani Michael C. , Campbell Matthew I. , Hurst Jonathan W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Impact forces are a destructive, yet common occurrence in legged locomotion. Every step produces a collision when the leg’s inertia stops as a result of ground contact. This results in peak forces and high-frequency vibrations that resonate through the system, damage components, and complicate control algorithms. Prior research considers how damping material, such as rubber, mitigates these effects. However, this paper shows the benefits of spring protection where both stiffness and maximum compression are customized to the leg. The spring mitigates the impact force peak by gradually bringing the leg’s inertia to rest. The maximum compression point (i.e., a hard stop) then provides a rigid surface that is ideal for stance. We provide a foot design methodology, validated through simulation and physical testing, that first considers springs in isolation, then in tandem with damping. We show that the coupling of springs and dampers reduces rigid body collisions and foot vibrations in a way that traditional methods—reliant on damping—have yet to achieve.
The Wear Performance at High Temperatures of ZrO2-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Produced by Mechanochemical Reaction Method
Authors: Sımsek Dogan , Ozyurek Dursun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, high-temperature wear performance of A356+Gr-ZrO2 aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) produced by the mechanochemical reaction method was investigated. After the aluminum composite powders were cold-pressed (750 MPa), the green compacts were sintered under 10−6 mbar vacuum for an hour at 550 °C. Sintered AMCs have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness and density measurements. Wear tests were conducted in two different loads (10 N and 30 N), five different temperatures, and three different sliding distances in the standard pin-on-disc type wear tester. Result showed that ZrO2 added to the matrix tends to cluster in grain boundaries. AMCs hardness and densities increased with the increasing amount of reinforcement, and the highest hardness and density value was obtained with 12% ZrO2-added AMCs. Weight loss increased with increasing load and temperature and decreased with increasing amount of reinforcement in the matrix at all loads and temperatures.
Abrasive Wear Mechanism of Microwave-Assisted Compression Molded Kenaf/HDPE Composite
Authors: Singh Manoj Kumar , Zafar Sunny 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present work aims to study the abrasive wear of kenaf/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites with 20% weight fraction reinforcement of the kenaf fiber. A unique technique of the microwave-assisted compression molding (MACM) was used to fabricate the composites. The pin-on-disc setup was used for two-body abrasive wear, in which the kenaf/HDPE composite acts as a pin and the abrasive paper (P100) acts as a counter surface. Two-body abrasive wear tests were conducted for HDPE and kenaf/HDPE composites at normal loads of 10 N, 20 N, and 30 N and the sliding speed of 1 m/s, 2 m/s, and 3 m/s within 100 m of sliding distance. Tribofilm formation was observed at higher values of load and speed, which helps in reducing the wear-rate of the composites. Wear mechanism of the kenaf/HDPE composite is discussed in detail and supported with scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractography.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicentered Trial of the Efficacy of a Single Dose of Live Oral Cholera Vaccine CVD 103-HgR in Preventing Cholera following Challenge with
Vibrio cholerae
O1 El Tor Inaba Three Months after Vaccination
Authors: Tacket Carol O. , Cohen Mitchell B. , Wasserman Steven S. , Losonsky Genevieve , Livio Sofie , Kotloff Karen , Edelman Robert , Kaper James B. , Cryz Stanley J. , Giannella Ralph A. , Schiff Gilbert , Levine Myron M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

CVD 103-HgR is a live oral cholera vaccine strain constructed by deleting 94% of the gene for the enzymatically active A subunit of cholera toxin from classical Inaba
Vibrio cholerae
O1 569B; the strain also contains a mercury resistance gene as an identifying marker. This vaccine was well tolerated and immunogenic in double-blind, controlled studies and was protective in open-label studies of volunteers challenged with
V. cholerae
O1. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of vaccine efficacy was designed to test longer-term protection of CVD 103-HgR against moderate and severe El Tor cholera in U.S. volunteers. A total of 85 volunteers (50 at the University of Maryland and 35 at Children's Hospital Medical Center/University of Cincinnati) were recruited for vaccination and challenge with wild-type
V. cholerae
El Tor Inaba. Volunteers were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive, with buffer, a single oral dose of either CVD 103-HgR (2 × 10
8
to 8 × 10
8
CFU) or placebo (killed
E. coli
K-12). About 3 months after immunization, 51 of these volunteers were orally challenged with 10
5
CFU of virulent
V. cholerae
O1 El Tor Inaba strain N16961, prepared from a standardized frozen inoculum. Ninety-one percent of the vaccinees had a ≥4-fold rise in serum vibriocidal antibodies after vaccination. After challenge, 9 (39%) of the 23 placebo recipients and 1 (4%) of the 28 vaccinees had moderate or severe diarrhea (≥3-liter diarrheal stool) (
P
< 0.01; protective efficacy, 91%). A total of 21 (91%) of 23 placebo recipients and 5 (18%) of 28 vaccinees had any diarrhea (
P
< 0.001; protective efficacy, 80%). Peak stool
V. cholerae
excretion among placebo recipients was 1.1 × 10
7
CFU/g and among vaccinees was 4.9 × 10
2
CFU/g (
P
< 0.001). This vaccine could therefore be a safe and effective tool to prevent cholera in travelers.
Complete Protection against LethalToxoplasma gondiiInfection in Mice Immunized with a Plasmid Encoding theSAG1Gene
Authors: Nielsen Henrik Vedel , Lauemøller Sanne Lise , Christiansen Lone , Buus Søren , Fomsgaard Anders , Petersen Eskild 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTInfection with the protozoan parasiteToxoplasma gondiiis transmitted to humans from infected animals by tissue cysts and oocysts excreted by cats. Immunization with inactivated parasites or recombinant proteins has at best shown partial protection. We constructed a plasmid expressing the SAG1 surface antigen ofT. gondii, p1tPASAG1, and showed that animals immunized with the plasmid produce anti-SAG1 antibodies which recognize the native SAG1. Mice immunized with p1tPASAG1 showed 80 to 100% protection against challenge with the non-cyst-producing, virulent RH isolate, compared to an 80% mortality in mice immunized with empty plasmid, which is the greatest efficacy of any vaccine againstT. gondiiproduced so far. The SAG1 molecule was analyzed for potential cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, and four peptides with the best fit were synthesized. The ability of the peptides to stimulate gamma interferon production by CD8+T cells from p1tPASAG1-immunized mice was tested in an ELISPOT assay, and one new CTL epitope was identified. Adoptive transfer of CD8+T cells from p1tPASAG1-immunized to naı̈ve mice showed partial protection. In conclusion, DNA vaccination with p1tPASAG1 gave effective protection in mice againstT. gondiiinfection and the protection could be adoptively transferred by purified CD8+T cells.