bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and Patterns of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Blood Plasma Samples of Bald Eagle Nestlings in Wisconsin and Minnesota, USA
Authors: Dykstra Cheryl R. , Route William T. , Williams Kelly A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We analyzed concentrations and trends of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in blood plasma samples of bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nestlings at 6 study areas in the upper Midwest of the United States, 2006 to 2015, and long-term trends at 2 Lake Superior (USA/Canada) sites, 1995 to 2015. Nestling blood plasma concentrations of the sum of 15 PFAS analytes (∑PFAS) differed among study areas and were highest at the 3 industrialized river sites: pools 3 and 4 of the Mississippi River (pools 3 + 4; geometric mean [GM] = 754 μg/L; range = 633–2930), the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area (GM = 687 μg/L; range = 24–7371), and the lower St. Croix National Scenic Riverway (GM = 546 μg/L; range = 20–2400). Temporal trends in ∑PFAS in nestling plasma differed among study areas; concentrations decreased at pools 3 + 4, Mississippi National River and Recreation Area, and lower St. Croix National Scenic Riverway, but not at the most remote sites, the upper St. Croix River and Lake Superior. Overall, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) was the most abundant analyte at all study areas, and perfluorodecanesulfonate (PFDS) the second most abundant at industrialized river sites although not at Lake Superior; concentrations of both these analytes declined from 2006 to 2015 over the study area. In addition, nestling age significantly influenced plasma concentrations of ∑PFAS and 7 of the 12 analytes. For these analytes, concentrations increased by 1 to 2%/d as nestlings grew, indicating that age should be considered when using nestling plasma to assess PFAS. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:754–766. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in blood plasma of bald eagle nestlings declined at 3 industrialized river sites, but not at a remote river site or Lake Superior. Nestling age significantly influenced plasma concentrations of total PFAS and most analytes.
Characterization of pomegranate peel extracts obtained using different solvents and their effects on cell cycle and apoptosis in leukemia cells
Authors: Tamborlin Leticia , Sumere Beatriz Rocchetti , de Souza Mariana Corrêa , Pestana Nathalie Fortes , Aguiar Ana Carolina , Eberlin Marcos Nogueira , Simabuco Fernando Moreira , Rostagno Maurício Ariel , Luchessi Augusto Ducati 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has been used in traditional herbal medicine by several cultures as an anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and for treatment and prevention of cancer and other diseases. Different parts of the fruit, extraction methods, and solvents can define the chemical profile of the obtained extracts and their biological activities. This study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of peel extracts collected using different extraction solvents and their biological effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis of THP‐1 leukemic cells. Aqueous extract presented the highest content of punicalagins (α pun = 562.26 ± 47.14 mg/L and β pun = 1,251.13 ± 22.21 mg/L) and the lowest content of ellagic acid (66.38 ± 0.21 mg/L), and it promoted a significant impairment of the cell cycle S phase. In fact, punicalagin‐enriched fraction, but not an ellagic acid‐enriched fraction, caused an S phase cell cycle arrest. All extracts increased the number of apoptotic cells. Punicalagin‐enriched fraction increased the percentage of cells with fragmented DNA, which was intensified by ellagic acid combination. The treatment combining punicalagin and ellagic acid fractions increased the apoptotic cleaved PARP1 protein and reduced the activation of the growth‐related mTOR pathway. Thus, these results evidence that solvent choice is critical for the phenolic compounds profile of pomegranate peel extracts and their biological activities.
HPO iron chelator, CP655, causes the G1/S phase cell cycle block via p21 upregulation
Authors: Tewari Damini , Lloyd‐Jones Katie , Hider Robert C. , Collins Helen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIron is known not only for its importance in cellular and metabolic pathways but also for its role in causing cellular toxicities such as production of reactive oxygen species and growth of pathogens. The inability of the human body to physiologically excrete excess iron highlights the need to develop a cheap yet effective iron chelator. This study provides initial evidence of the therapeutic and prophylactic properties of 3‐hydroxypyridin‐4‐one (HPO) chelators in murine collagen‐induced arthritis. To determine whether these chelators would be effective on human cells, we tested a panel of different HPO chelators and identified 7‐diethylamino‐N‐((5‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydropyridin‐3‐yl)methyl)‐N‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐chromen‐3‐carboxamide (CP655) as the most effective compound targeting human CD4+ T cells. Treatment with CP655 causes significant inhibition of cell proliferation and production of inflammatory cytokines such as interferon‐γ and interleukin‐17. Microarray analysis revealed dysregulation in cell cycle‐related genes following CP655 treatment. This was validated by flow cytometry demonstrating a G1/S phase block caused by CP655. Finally, mechanistic experiments revealed that the chelator may be causing an upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor protein CDKN1A (p21) as a possible mechanism of action. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HPO chelators could prove to have therapeutic potential for diseases driven by excessive T cell proliferation.
Analyzing the Portrayal of Characters With Reading Difficulties in Realistic Fiction
Authors: Jozwik Sara L. , Rice Nancy E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractYoung adult literature that features respectful representations of fictional characters with reading difficulties can play a role in building classroom communities and helping readers understand more about themselves and their worlds. Furthermore, language arts teachers and special education teachers can use texts that feature positive portrayals of characters with reading difficulties to build students’ competencies for critically reading and participating in discussions on topics such as challenging the usefulness of disability labels. In this article, the authors highlight the positive and dynamic portrayals of main characters with reading difficulties featured in 14 realistic fiction books for readers in grades 6–8. The processes for locating and analyzing texts are shared so they can be replicated by middle school teachers and students who seek to analyze the portrayal of characters with reading difficulties in other texts or genres.
Niosome‐encapsulated tobramycin reduced antibiotic resistance and enhanced antibacterial activity against multidrug‐resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hedayati Ch Mojtaba , Abolhassani Targhi Arefeh , Shamsi Farzaneh , Heidari Fatemeh , Salehi Moghadam Zahra , Mirzaie Amir , Behdad Reyhaneh , Moghtaderi Maryam , Akbarzadeh Iman 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the current study, niosome‐encapsulated tobramycin based on Span 60 and Tween 60 was synthesized and its biological efficacies including anti‐bacterial, anti‐efflux, and anti‐biofilm activities were investigated against multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The niosomal formulations were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering measurement. The encapsulation efficiency was found to be 69.54% ±; 0.67. The prepared niosomal formulations had a high storage stability to 60 days with small changes in size and drug entrapment, which indicates that it is a suitable candidate for pharmaceutical applications. The results of biological study showed the anti‐bacterial activity via reduction of antibiotic resistance, enhanced anti‐efflux and anti‐biofilm activities by more folds in comparison to free tobramycin. In addition, niosome encapsulated tobramycin down‐regulated the MexAB‐OprM efflux genes, pslA and pelA biofilm related genes in MDR P. aeruginosa strains. The anti‐proliferative activity of formulation was evaluated against HEK293 cell lines, which exhibited negligible cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells. The finding of our study shows that encapsulation of tobramycin in niosome enhanced the antibacterial activity and reduced antibiotic resistance in MDR strains of P. aeruginosa comparing to free tobramycin and it can be considered as a favorable drug delivery system.
Evaluation of silk‐based bioink during pre and post 3D bioprinting: A review
Authors: Gupta Sharda , Alrabaiah Hussam , Christophe Marquette , Rahimi‐Gorji Mohammad , Nadeem Sohail , Bit Arindam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring past few decades, the demand for the replacement of damaged organs is increasing consistently. This is due to the advancement in tissue engineering, which opens the possibility of regeneration of damaged organs or tissues into functional parts with the help of 3D bioprinting. Bioprinting technology presents an excellent potential to develop complex structures with precise control over cell suspension and structure. A brief description of different types of 3D bioprinting techniques, including inkjet‐based, laser‐based, and extrusion‐based bioprinting is presented here. Due to innate advantageous features like tunable biodegradability, biocompatibility, elasticity and mechanical robustness, silk has carved a niche in the realm of tissue engineering. In this review article, the focus is to highlight the possible approach of exploring silk as bioink for fabrication of bioprinted implants using 3D bioprinting. This review discusses different type of degumming, dissolution techniques for extraction of proteins from different sources of silk. Different recently reported 3D bioprinting techniques suitable for silk‐based bioink are further elaborated. Postprinting characterization of resultant scaffolds are also describe here. However, there is an astounding progress in 3D bioprinting technology, still there is a need to develop further the current bioprinting technology to make it suitable for generation of heterogeneous tissue construct. The possibility of utilizing the adhesive property of sericin to consider it as bioink is elaborated.
Loss of Adenylyl Cyclase 6 in Leptin Receptor‐Expressing Stromal Cells Attenuates Loading‐Induced Endosteal Bone Formation
Authors: Riffault Mathieu , Johnson Gillian P , Owen Madeline M , Javaheri Behzad , Pitsillides Andrew A , Hoey David A 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBone marrow stromal/stem cells represent a quiescent cell population that replenish the osteoblast bone‐forming cell pool with age and in response to injury, maintaining bone mass and repair. A potent mediator of stromal/stem cell differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo is physical loading, yet it still remains unclear whether loading‐induced bone formation requires the osteogenic differentiation of these resident stromal/stem cells. Therefore, in this study, we utilized the leptin receptor (LepR) to identify and trace the contribution of bone marrow stromal cells to mechanoadaptation of bone in vivo. Twelve‐week‐old Lepr‐cre;tdTomato mice were subjected to compressive tibia loading with an 11 N peak load for 40 cycles, every other day for 2 weeks. Histological analysis revealed that Lepr‐cre;tdTomato+ cells arise perinatally around blood vessels and populate bone surfaces as lining cells or osteoblasts before a percentage undergo osteocytogenesis. Lepr‐cre;tdTomato+ stromal cells within the marrow increase in abundance with age, but not following the application of tibial compressive loading. Mechanical loading induces an increase in bone mass and bone formation parameters, yet does not evoke an increase in Lepr‐cre;tdTomato+ osteoblasts or osteocytes. To investigate whether adenylyl cyclase‐6 (AC6) in LepR cells contributes to this mechanoadaptive response, Lepr‐cre;tdTomato mice were further crossed with AC6fl/fl mice to generate a LepR+ cell‐specific knockout of AC6. These Lepr‐cre;tdTomato;AC6fl/fl animals have an attenuated response to compressive tibia loading, characterized by a deficient load‐induced osteogenic response on the endosteal bone surface. This, therefore, shows that Lepr‐cre;tdTomato+ cells contribute to short‐term bone mechanoadaptation. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Smoking Alters Inflammation and Skeletal Stem and Progenitor Cell Activity During Fracture Healing in Different Murine Strains
Authors: Hao Zichen , Li Jun , Li Bo , Alder Kareme D , Cahill Sean V , Munger Alana M , Lee Inkyu , Kwon Hyuk-Kwon , Back JungHo , Xu Shuogui , Kang Min-Jong , Lee Francis Y 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Smokers are at a higher risk of delayed union or nonunion after fracture repair. Few specific interventions are available for prevention because the molecular mechanisms that result in these negative sequelae are poorly understood. Murine models that mimic fracture healing in smokers are crucial in further understanding the local cellular and molecular alterations during fracture healing caused by smoking. We exposed three murine strains, C57BL/6J, 129X1/SvJ, and BALB/cJ, to cigarette smoke for 3 months before the induction of a midshaft transverse femoral osteotomy. We evaluated fracture healing 4 weeks after the osteotomy using radiography, micro-computed tomography (μCT), and biomechanical testing. Radiographic analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the fracture healing capacity of smoking 129X1/SvJ mice. μCT results showed delayed remodeling of fracture calluses in all three strains after cigarette smoke exposure. Biomechanical testing indicated the most significant impairment in the functional properties of 129X1/SvJ in comparison with C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice after cigarette smoke exposure. Thus, the 129X1/SvJ strain is most suitable in simulating smoking-induced impaired fracture healing. Furthermore, in smoking 129X1/SvJ murine models, we investigated the molecular and cellular alterations in fracture healing caused by cigarette smoking using histology, flow cytometry, and multiplex cytokine/chemokine analysis. Histological analysis showed impaired chondrogenesis in cigarette smoking. In addition, the important reparative cell populations, including skeletal stem cells and their downstream progenitors, demonstrated decreased expansion after injury as a result of cigarette smoking. Moreover, significantly increased pro-inflammatory mediators and the recruitment of immune cells in fracture hematomas were demonstrated in smoking mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the significant cellular and molecular alterations during fracture healing impaired by smoking, including disrupted chondrogenesis, aberrant skeletal stem and progenitor cell activity, and a pronounced initial inflammatory response. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The difference between karyotype analysis and chromosome microarray for mosaicism of aneuploid chromosomes in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Hao MengZhe , Li LeiLei , Zhang Han , Li LinLin , Liu Ruizhi , Yu Yang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare karyotype and chromosomal microarray (CMA) analysis of aneuploid chromosome mosaicism in amniocentesis samples.Materials and methodsA total of 2091 amniocentesis samples from pregnant women were collected from March 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020. Karyotype analysis was performed using G‐banding and CMA analysis used the Affymetrix CytoScan 750K SNP microarray.ResultThirteen cases with aneuploid chromosome mosaicism were detected and compared between the karyotype and CMA methods. Seven of these cases were trisomic mosaicism, and the levels of mosaicism calculated from CMA were higher than those detected from karyotype analysis; noting three cases of trisomy mosaicism were not detected by karyotype analysis. Four cases exhibited monomeric mosaicism, and the levels of mosaicism detected in three of these cases were higher in karyotype compared with CMA analysis; one case had equivalent levels of monomeric mosaicism from both karyotype and CMA analysis. Two other cases from karyotype analysis were a mix of monosomic and trisomic mosaicism, whereas the CMA result was restricted to monosomic mosaicism for these cases.ConclusionBoth karyotype and CMA analysis can be used to detect aneuploid chromosome mosaicism. However, the two methods produced different results. CMA and karyotype analysis have their own advantages in detecting aneuploid mosaicism, and the combination of these methods provides a more rigorous diagnosis.
Dorsoventral inversion of the air‐filled organ (lungs, gas bladder) in vertebrates: RNAsequencing of laser capture microdissected embryonic tissue
Authors: Funk Emily , Lencer Ezra , McCune Amy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHow modification of gene expression generates novel traits is key to understanding the evolutionary process. We investigated the genetic basis for the origin of the piscine gas bladder from lungs of ancestral bony vertebrates. Distinguishing these homologous organs is the direction of budding from the foregut during development; lungs bud ventrally and the gas bladder buds dorsally.
Broad targeted analysis of neurochemicals in rat serum using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with chemical derivatization
Authors: Meng Xianshuang , Bai Hua , Ma Qiang , Zhang Peng , Ma Hong , Deng Yulin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, an efficient and sensitive assay for the detection of 42 polar neurochemicals, including neurotransmitters, amino acids, and biogenic amines, was established by combining reversed‐phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with chemical derivatization. An optimally designed benzoyl chloride derivatization was easily conducted in a one‐pot reaction and stable neurochemical derivatives were obtained under mild conditions within 5 min (except for acetylcholine and melatonin). Derivatization also enabled the introduction of heavy labeling of the analytes through the use of labeled derivatization agents. Chromatography separation was performed on an HSS T3 column within 15 min by gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring acquisition mode enabled quantitation of neurochemicals with limits of detection of 0.05 to 11.63 nM and lower limits of quantitation of 0.09 to 46.50 nM in rat serum. The assay was well validated in terms of linearity and extraction recovery. Furthermore, the instrumental precision, specificity, matrix effect, accuracy, precision, stability, dilution effect, and carry‐over effect were also validated. Finally, the overall efficacy of the assay was experimentally tested using serum from six Sprague–Dawley rats. The results demonstrated that the developed method is effective for broad targeted analysis of 42 neurochemicals in serum.
Intellectual connections in food tourism literature: A co‐citation approach
Authors: Okumus Bendegul , Mehraliyev Fuad , Ma Forest , Köseoglu Mehmet Ali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study critically examines, using a co‐citation approach, the evolution of food and culinary tourism research in the field of hospitality and tourism (H&T) from 1976 to 2019. A bibliometric study of publications indexed in the top 16 H&T journal databases was conducted, and a total of 523 food and culinary tourism‐related documents were identified and analyzed. The research findings revealed that food and culinary tourism publication numbers in H&T journals increased after 1999 yet somehow decreased after 2017. In terms of methodological approaches and data analysis, behavioral studies frequently used structural equation modeling, while advanced methodological approaches in other domains were deemed insufficient. The study findings further reveal that most of the influential works are relatively old and that no groundbreaking or game‐changing studies have occurred in recent years in food and culinary tourism research.
Plasticity in the grazing ecophysiology of Florenciella (Dichtyochophyceae), a mixotrophic nanoflagellate that consumes Prochlorococcus and other bacteria
Authors: Li Qian , Edwards Kyle F. , Schvarcz Christopher R. , Selph Karen E. , Steward Grieg F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMixotrophic nanoflagellates can account for more than half of the bacterivory in the sunlit ocean, yet very little is known about their ecophysiology. Here, we characterize the grazing ecology of an open‐ocean mixotroph in the genus Florenciella (class Dictyochophyceae). Members of this class were indirectly implicated as major consumers of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, but their phagotrophic capabilities have never been investigated. Our studies showed that Florenciella readily consumed Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and heterotrophic bacteria, and that the ingested prey relieved nutrient limitations on growth. Florenciella grew faster (3 d−1) in nitrogen‐deplete medium given sufficient live Synechococcus, than in nitrogen‐replete K medium (2 d−1), but it did not grow in continuous darkness. Grazing rates were substantially higher under nutrient limitation and showed a hint of diel variability, with rates tending to be highest near the end of the light period. An apparent trade‐off between the maximum clearance rate (5 nL Florenciella−1 h−1) and the maximum ingestion rate (up to ∼ 10 prey cells Florenciella−1 h−1) across experiments suggests that grazing behavior may also vary in response to prey concentration. If the observed grazing rates are representative of other open‐ocean mixotrophs, their collective activity could account for a significant fraction of the daily cyanobacterial mortality. This study provides essential parameters for understanding the grazing ecology of a common marine mixotroph and the first characterization of mixotrophic nanoflagellate functional responses when feeding on unicellular cyanobacteria, the dominant marine primary producers in the oligotrophic ocean.
The kinetics of copper corrosion in nitric acid
Authors: Turnbull Joseph , Szukalo Ryan , Zagidulin Dmitrij , Biesinger Mark , Shoesmith David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe strategy for the permanent disposal of high‐level nuclear waste in Canada involves sealing it in a copper‐coated steel container and burying it in a deep geologic repository. During the early emplacement period, the container could be exposed to warm humid air, which could result in the condensation of nitric acid, produced by the radiolysis of the humid air, on the copper surface. Previous studies have suggested that both nitrate and oxygen reduction will drive copper corrosion, with the nitrate reduction kinetics being dependent on the concentration of soluble copper(I) produced by the anodic dissolution of copper in the reaction with oxygen. This study focused on determining the kinetics of nitrate and oxygen reduction and elucidating the synergistic relationship between the two processes. This was investigated using corrosion potential and polarization measurements in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Oxygen reduction was shown to be the dominant cathodic reaction with the oxidation of copper(I) to copper(II) by nitrate, promoting the catalytic cycle involving the reaction of copper(II) with copper to reproduce copper(I).