bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mechanism-Based Four-Chain Constitutive Model for Enthalpy-Driven Thermoset Shape Memory Polymers With Finite Deformation
Authors: Yan Cheng , Li Guoqiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chemically cross-linked thermoset shape memory polymers (TSMPs) are an important branch of smart materials due to their potentially wide applications in deplorable structures, soft robots, damage self-healing, and 4D printing. Further development and design of TSMP structures call for constitutive models. Although the Arruda–Boyce eight-chain model has been very successful and widely used for entropy-driven TSMPs, recent studies found that some new TSMPs, such as those using enthalpy as the primary driving force, show unit cells different from the eight-chain model. Considering that these new epoxy-based TSMP networks consist of a plenty of four-chain features, this study proposes a four-chain tetrahedron structure as the unit cell of the network to construct the constitutive model. In this model, Gibbs free energy is used to formulate the thermodynamic driving force. Then, by introducing a transition of the molecule deformation mechanism from that dominated by bond stretch to that dominated by bond angle opening, the traditional Langevin chain model is modified. It is found that this model can well capture the dramatic modulus change for the new TSMP in the thermomechanical experiments. Moreover, it shows that the original Treloar four-chain model and Arruda–Boyce eight-chain model underestimate the driving force for the enthalpy-driven TSMPs, and thus cannot well capture the thermomechanical behaviors. It is also found that under certain conditions, our four-chain model produces the same Cauchy stress as the eight-chain model does. This study may help researchers understand the thermomechanical response and design a special category of TSMPs with high recovery stress.
Nonlinear Radiative Squeezed Flow of Nanofluid Subject to Chemical Reaction and Activation Energy
Authors: Ullah Ikram , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study explores the flow of magnetized nanomaterials between two parallel disks. Novel aspects of activation energy and nonlinear thermal radiation characterized the heat and mass transfer. Nonlinear system of ODEs is obtained via proper variables. Homotopic scheme determines the convergence interval of governing expressions. Plots have been interpreted in order to examine how the temperature and concentration are influenced by various physical variables. Further, surface drag forces and heat and mass transfer rates are computed numerically and analyzed. Our computed analysis depicts that the influence of squeezed and magnetic parameters have reverse effects on temperature.
Conjugate Natural Convection in Porous Medium With a Thick Square-Wave Partition
Authors: Chordiya Jayesh Subhash , Sharma Ram Vinoy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNatural convection within a differentially heated porous enclosure is substantially affected by the presence of partition, fins, or baffles within it. However, not much is known about the effect of partition shape and size. Thus, a solid thick partition in a square-wave shape embedded within a differentially heated porous enclosure has been investigated in this numerical analysis. Through this study, it is sought to contemplate the reduction in the convection heat transfer rate that could be achieved across a differentially heated porous enclosure. The influence of partition thickness, partition amplitude, thermal conductivity ratio, and partition position has been studied. Darcy’s flow model has been solved using the successive accelerated replacement scheme by the finite difference method. One of the findings of this study suggests that lower thermal conductivity of partition, lower partition amplitude, and higher thickness results in a greater reduction in the convection heat transfer rate.
Combining Reachability Analysis and Importance Sampling for Accelerated Evaluation of Highway Automated Vehicles at Pedestrian Crossing
Authors: Wang Xinpeng , Peng Huei , Zhao Ding 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Highly automated vehicles (HAVs) must be rigorously evaluated before they are deployed on public roads. An accelerated evaluation framework was proposed in the literature to test HAVs more efficiently. However, running such a test is challenging due to the fact that some of the generated test cases may be not feasible or realistic. This paper proposes an improved accelerated evaluation framework that combines importance sampling with reachability analysis, so that the feasibility of all test cases are guaranteed, and the risk levels of cases are controlled. The performance of the proposed framework is studied using the unprotected pedestrian crossing scenario. A total od 2689 pedestrian–vehicle interaction events are extracted from open-source video data, and a truncated Gaussian mixture model (TGMM) is developed to describe the pedestrian–vehicle interaction. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves unbiased crash rate estimation in an accelerated fashion while achieving the aforementioned benefits for test case generation (feasible and at controlled risk level).
Placental growth factor in beta cells plays an essential role in gestational beta-cell growth
Authors: Yang Weixia , Jiang Yinan , Wang Yan , Zhang Ting , Liu Qun , Wang Chaoban , Swisher Grant , Wu Nannan , Chao Chelsea , Prasadan Krishna , Gittes George K , Xiao Xiangwei 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivePancreatic beta cells proliferate in response to metabolic requirements during pregnancy, while failure of this response may cause gestational diabetes. A member of the vascular endothelial growth factor family, placental growth factor (PlGF), typically plays a role in metabolic disorder and pathological circumstance. The expression and function of PlGF in the endocrine pancreas have not been reported and are addressed in the current study.Research design and methodsPlGF levels in beta cells were determined by immunostaining or ELISA in purified beta cells in non-pregnant and pregnant adult mice. An adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 8 carrying a shRNA for PlGF under the control of a rat insulin promoter (AAV–rat insulin promoter (RIP)–short hairpin small interfering RNA for PlGF (shPlGF)) was prepared and infused into mouse pancreas through the pancreatic duct to specifically knock down PlGF in beta cells, and its effects on beta-cell growth were determined by beta-cell proliferation, beta-cell mass and insulin release. A macrophage-depleting reagent, clodronate, was coapplied into AAV-treated mice to study crosstalk between beta cells and macrophages.ResultsPlGF is exclusively produced by beta cells in the adult mouse pancreas. Moreover, PlGF expression in beta cells was significantly increased during pregnancy. Intraductal infusion of AAV–RIP–shPlGF specifically knocked down PlGF in beta cells, resulting in compromised beta-cell proliferation, reduced growth in beta-cell mass and impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Mechanistically, PlGF depletion in beta cells reduced islet infiltration of trophic macrophages, which appeared to be essential for gestational beta-cell growth.ConclusionsOur study suggests that increased expression of PlGF in beta cells may trigger gestational beta-cell growth through recruited macrophages.
Increased placental mitochondrial fusion in gestational diabetes mellitus: an adaptive mechanism to optimize feto-placental metabolic homeostasis?
Authors: Abbade Joelcio , Klemetti Miira Marjuska , Farrell Abby , Ermini Leonardo , Gillmore Taylor , Sallais Julien , Tagliaferro Andrea , Post Martin , Caniggia Isabella 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a common pregnancy disorder, increases the risk of fetal overgrowth and later metabolic morbidity in the offspring. The placenta likely mediates these sequelae, but the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the joining and division of these organelles, in attempts to maintain cellular homeostasis in stress conditions or alterations in oxygen and fuel availability. These remodeling processes are critical to optimize mitochondrial function, and their disturbances characterize diabetes and obesity.Methods and resultsHerein we show that placental mitochondrial dynamics are tilted toward fusion in GDM, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and changes in the expression of key mechanochemical enzymes such as OPA1 and active phosphorylated DRP1. In vitro experiments using choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells demonstrated that increased exposure to insulin, which typifies GDM, promotes mitochondrial fusion. As placental ceramide induces mitochondrial fission in pre-eclampsia, we also examined ceramide content in GDM and control placentae and observed a reduction in placental ceramide enrichment in GDM, likely due to an insulin-dependent increase in ceramide-degrading ASAH1 expression.ConclusionsPlacental mitochondrial fusion is enhanced in GDM, possibly as a compensatory response to maternal and fetal metabolic derangements. Alterations in placental insulin exposure and sphingolipid metabolism are among potential contributing factors. Overall, our results suggest that GDM has profound impacts on placental mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism, with plausible implications for the short-term and long-term health of the offspring.
A comparison of the 1-year surgical outcomes ofab externotrabeculotomy and microhookab internotrabeculotomy using propensity score analysis
Authors: Mori Sotaro , Murai Yusuke , Ueda Kaori , Sakamoto Mari , Kurimoto Takuji , Yamada-Nakanishi Yuko , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the 1-year outcomes of trabeculotomyab externo(ab externoTLO) and trabeculotomyab internousing a microhook (ab internoTLO) for glaucoma patients using propensity score analysis.Methods and analysisThe medical charts of 65 consecutive patients who underwentab externoTLO and those of 69 patients who underwentab internoTLO were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate the propensity score using 1:1 matched analysis, which indicates the likelihood of surgical success at 12 months. We set the outcome-related covariates as age, glaucoma type, mean deviation, preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of preoperative glaucoma eye drops and the presence or absence of combined cataract surgery. Fifty eyes per each surgery group were subsequently compared.ResultsThe mean preoperative IOP was 32.5±11.2 mm Hg in theab externoTLO group and 28.4±7.8 mm Hg in theab internoTLO group (p=0.08). The mean postoperative IOP at 12 months was 18.3±7.4 mm Hg in the former group and 17.8±6.3 mm Hg in the latter (p=0.91). When surgical success was defined as a postoperative IOP of between 5 and 21 mm Hg with a more than 20% IOP reduction from baseline and no additional glaucoma surgery, the rate at 12 months was 78% in theab externoTLO group and 74% in theab internoTLO group (p=1.00).ConclusionThe 1-year success rate was not significantly different betweenab externoandab internoTLO.
Development and impact of an endoscopic non-technical skills (ENTS) behavioural marker system
Authors: Ravindran Srivathsan , Haycock Adam , Woolf Katherine , Thomas-Gibson Siwan 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundNon-technical skills (NTS) are crucial to effective team working in endoscopy. Training in NTS has been shown to improve team performance and patient outcomes. As such, NTS training and assessment are now considered essential components of the endoscopy quality assurance process. Across the literature, other specialties have achieved this through development of behavioural marker systems (BMS). BMS provide a framework for assessing, training and measuring the NTS relevant to healthcare individuals and team. This article describes the development and impact of a novel BMS for endoscopy: the endoscopic non-technical skills (ENTS) system.MethodsThe initial NTS taxonomy for endoscopy was created through a combination of literature review, staff focus groups and semi-structured interviews, incorporating the critical decision method. Framework analysis was conducted with three individual coders and generated a skills list which formed the preliminary taxonomy. Video observation of Bowel Cancer Screening endoscopists was used to identify exemplar behaviours which were mapped to relevant skills in the NTS taxonomy. Behavioural descriptors, derived from video data, were added to form the basis of the ENTS system.ResultsA taxonomy of 33 skills in 14 separate categories were identified through framework analysis. Following video analysis and behaviour mapping, 4 overarching categories and 13 behavioural elements were identified which formed the ENTS framework. The endoscopy (directly observed procedural skills) 4-point rating scale was added to create the final ENTS system. Since its development in 2010, the ENTS system has been validated in the assessment of endoscopy for trainees nationally. ENTS informs a number of training initiatives, including a national strategy to improve NTS for all endoscopists.ConclusionsThe ENTS system is a clinically relevant tool, validated for use in trainee assessment. The use of ENTS will be important to the future of training and quality assurance in endoscopy.
Association of household income and adverse outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: LaRosa Anna Rose , Claxton J'Neka , O'Neal Wesley T , Lutsey Pamela L , Chen Lin Y , Bengtson Lindsay , Chamberlain Alanna M , Alonso Alvaro , Magnani Jared W 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundSocial determinants of health are relevant to cardiovascular outcomes but have had limited examination in atrial fibrillation (AF).ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the association of annual household income and cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with AF.MethodsWe analysed administrative claims for individuals with AF from 2009 to 2015 captured by a health claims database. We categorised estimates of annual household income as <$40 000; $40–$59 999; $60–$74 999; $75–$99 999; and ≥$100 000. Covariates included demographics, education, cardiovascular disease risk factors, comorbid conditions and anticoagulation. We examined event rates by income category and in multivariable-adjusted models in reference to the highest income category (≥$100 000).ResultsOur analysis included 336 736 individuals (age 72.7±11.9 years; 44.5% women; 82.6% white, 8.4% black, 7.0% Hispanic and 2.1% Asian) with AF followed for median (25th and 75th percentile) of 1.5 (95% CI 0.6 to 3.0) years. We observed an inverse association between income and heart failure and myocardial infarction (MI) with evidence of progressive risk across decreased income categories. Individuals with household income <$40 000 had the greatest risk for heart failure (HR 1.17; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.30) and MI (HR 1.18; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.41) compared with those with income ≥$100 000.ConclusionsWe identified an association between lower household income and adverse outcomes in a large cohort of individuals with AF. Our findings support consideration of income in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in individuals with AF.
Exercise intervention improves quality of life in older adults after myocardial infarction: randomised clinical trial
Authors: Campo Gianluca , Tonet Elisabetta , Chiaranda Giorgio , Sella Gianluigi , Maietti Elisa , Bugani Giulia , Vitali Francesco , Serenelli Matteo , Mazzoni Gianni , Ruggiero Rossella , Villani Giovanni , Biscaglia Simone , Pavasini Rita , Rubboli Andrea , Campana Roberta , Caglioni Serena , Volpato Stefano , Myers Jonathan , Grazzi Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo establish the benefits of an early, tailored and low-cost exercise intervention in older patients hospitalised for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsThe study was a multicentre, randomised assessment of an exercise intervention in patients with ACS ≥70 years with reduced physical performance (as defined by the short physical performance battery (SPPB), value 4–9). The exercise intervention included four supervised sessions (1, 2, 3, 4 months after discharge) and home-based exercises. The control group attended a health education programme only. The outcomes were the 6-month and 1-year effects on physical performance, daily activities, anxiety/depression and quality of life. Finally, 1-year occurrence of adverse events was recorded.ResultsOverall, 235 patients with ACS (median age 76 (73–81) years) were randomised 1 month after ACS. Exercise and control groups were well balanced. Exercise intervention improved 6-month and 1-year grip strength and gait speed. Exercise intervention was associated with a better quality of life (as measured by EuroQol-visual analogue scale at 6 months 80 (70–90) vs 70 (50–80) points, p<0.001 and at 1 year 75 (70–87) vs 65 (50–80) points, p<0.001) and with a reduced perception of anxiety and/or depression (6 months: 21% vs 42%, p=0.001; 1 year 32% vs 47%, p=0.03). The occurrence of cardiac death and hospitalisation for cardiac cause was lower in the intervention group (7.5% vs 17%, p=0.04).ConclusionsThe proposed early, tailored, low-cost exercise intervention improves mobility, daily activities, quality of life and outcomes in older patients with ACS. Larger studies are needed to confirm the clinical benefit.Trial registration numberNCT03021044.
A murine model of increased coronary sinus pressure induces myocardial edema with cardiac lymphatic dilation and fibrosis
Authors: Nielsen Natalie R. , Rangarajan Krsna V. , Mao Lan , Rockman Howard A. , Caron Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2020

Myocardial edema is a consequence of many cardiovascular stressors, including myocardial infarction, cardiac bypass surgery, and hypertension. The aim of this study was to establish a murine model of myocardial edema and elucidate the response of cardiac lymphatics and the myocardium. Myocardial edema without infarction was induced in mice by cauterizing the coronary sinus, increasing pressure in the coronary venous system, and inducing myocardial edema. In male mice, there was rapid development of edema 3 h following coronary sinus cauterization (CSC), with associated dilation of cardiac lymphatics. By 24 h, males displayed significant cardiovascular contractile dysfunction. In contrast, female mice exhibited a temporal delay in the formation of myocardial edema, with onset of cardiovascular dysfunction by 24 h. Furthermore, myocardial edema induced a ring of fibrosis around the epicardial surface of the left ventricle in both sexes that included fibroblasts, immune cells, and increased lymphatics. Interestingly, the pattern of fibrosis and the cells that make up the fibrotic epicardial ring differ between sexes. We conclude that a novel surgical model of myocardial edema without infarct was established in mice. Cardiac lymphatics compensated by exhibiting both an acute dilatory and chronic growth response. Transient myocardial edema was sufficient to induce a robust epicardial fibrotic and inflammatory response, with distinct sex differences, which underscores the sex-dependent differences that exist in cardiac vascular physiology. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myocardial edema is a consequence of many cardiovascular stressors, including myocardial infarction, cardiac bypass surgery, and high blood pressure. Cardiac lymphatics regulate interstitial fluid balance and, in a myocardial infarction model, have been shown to be therapeutically targetable by increasing heart function. Cardiac lymphatics have only rarely been studied in a noninfarct setting in the heart, and so we characterized the first murine model of increased coronary sinus pressure to induce myocardial edema, demonstrating distinct sex differences in the response to myocardial edema. The temporal pattern of myocardial edema induction and resolution is different between males and females, underscoring sex-dependent differences in the response to myocardial edema. This model provides an important platform for future research in cardiovascular and lymphatic fields with the potential to develop therapeutic interventions for many common cardiovascular diseases.
Development of option c measurement and verification model using hybrid artificial neural network-cross validation technique to quantify saving
Authors: Wan Md Adnan Wan Nazirah , Yenita Dahlan Nofri , Musirin Ismail 
Published: March 2020

<span lang="EN-US">This paper aims to develop a hybrid artificial neural network for Option C Measurement and Verification model to predict monthly building energy consumption. In this work, baseline energy model development using artificial neural networks embedded with artificial bee colony optimization and cross validation technique for a small dataset were considered. Artificial bee colony optimization with coefficient of correlation fitness function was used in optimizing the neural network training process and selecting the optimal values of initial weights and biases. Working days, class days and cooling degree days were used as input meanwhile monthly electricity consumption as an output of artificial neural network. The results indicated that this hybrid artificial neural network model provided better prediction results compared to the other model. The best model with the highest value of coefficient of correlation was selected as the baseline model hence is used to determine the saving. </span>