bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of a New Understanding of Symptom Cluster During Pregnancy Using the Mediation Model
Authors: Suleiman Khaled , Al Kalaldeh Mahmoud , Abu Sharour Loai 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Fatigue, depression and sleep disturbance are regarded as a symptom cluster associated with pregnancy. The mediation effect of sleep disturbance on the relationship between depression on fatigue is still unclear.

Objective:
To assess the mediation effect of sleep disturbance on the established relationship between depression and fatigue among pregnant women.

Methods:
This study used a cross-sectional design. Pregnant women (n = 130) at a private gynecology and obstetrics outpatient clinic in Amman, Jordan. Participants were recruited to complete the Brief Fatigue Inventory, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Zung depression scale, in addition to the demographic questionnaire. The mediation effect was examined through a Hierarchal Multiple Regression model.

Results:
A total of 130 pregnant women participated (mean of ages= 27.3). Of those, 41.5% were in the first trimester, while the rest were in their second and the third trimesters (27.7%, and 30.8%, respectively). Regression analysis indicated that about 23% of the variation of fatigue was explained by depression. Nonetheless, 47% of the variance of fatigue was explained by depression after identifying the mediation effect of sleep disturbance.

Conclusion:
The mediation role of sleep disturbance between depression and fatigue added a new approach to the assessment and prognosis of fatigue during pregnancy.
The Growth of Triticale (Triticosecale wittm.) in Multi-Metal Contaminated Soils by Use of Zeolite: A Pilot Plant Study
Authors: Michas Georgios , Giannakopoulos Evangelos , Petropoulos George , Kargiotidou Anastasia , Vlachostergios Dimitrios , Tziouvalekas Miltiadis 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Heavy metals are the most common form of environmental pollution
and the evaluation of heavy metal contaminated soils is necessary for reducing the associated
risks, making the land resource available for agricultural production, and enhancing
food security. There are 2,000 contaminated sites in Greece, according to a previous
survey report issued by the Greek Ministry of Environment, out of which 300 required immediate
restoration.

Objective:
This study investigated the effects of Cd, Pb, and Zn on Triticale (Triticosecale
wittm.) growth in an above-referenced multi-metal contaminated site.

Methods:
In order to evaluate Triticale growth in metal contaminated soil, Triticale plants
were cultivated in pots filled with unpolluted and metal-polluted soils in the absence/
presence of Zeolite as an agent empowering the restoration of pollution and immobilizing
heavy metals.

Results:
The results showed that the Triticale plant in polluted soils with high metal concentrations,
namely 4.34, 295 and 1,467 mg/kg for Cd, Pb, and Zn, respectively, can act as a
“moderate” accumulator of Zn and as a “weak” accumulator of Pb and Cd; while the presence
of 1% Zeolite in multi-metal-polluted soils can significantly contribute to plant growth
by limiting the uptake of Cd, Pb, and Zn.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that the addition of 1% Zeolite to multi-metal contaminated
soils could minimize metal (Pb, Cd, and Zn) pollution in the environment and
positively contribute to the growth of Triticale biomass for use as an animal feed within the
context of sustainable development.
An Optimized Software Defect Prediction Model Based on PSO - ANFIS
Authors: Kakkar Misha , Jain Sarika , Bansal Abhay , Grover P.S. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction :
The Software defect prediction (SDP) model plays a very important role in today’s software
industry. SDP models can provide either only a list of defect-prone classes as output or the number of defects present in
each class. This output can then be used by quality assurance teams to effectively allocate limited resources for validating
software products by putting more effort into these defect-prone classes.The study proposes an OANFIS-SDP model that
gives the number of defects as an output to software development teams. Development teams can then use this data for
better allocation for their scares resources such as time and manpower.

Method:
OANFIS is a novel approach based on the Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), which is optimized
using Particle swarm optimization (PSO). OANFIS model combines the flexibility of ANFIS model with the optimization
capabilities of PSO for better performance.

Results:
The proposed model is tested using the dataset from open source java projects of varied sizes (from 176 to 745
classes).

Conclusion:
The study proposes an SDP model based OANFIS that gives the number of defects as an output to software
development teams. Development teams can then use this data for better allocation for their scares resources such as time
and manpower. OANFIS is a novel approach that uses the flexibility provided by the ANFIS model and optimizes the
same using PSO. The results given by OANFIS are very good and it can also be concluded that the performance of the
SDP model based on OANFIS might be influenced by the size of projects.

Discussion:
The performance of the SDP model based on OANFIS is better than the ANFIS model. It can also be
concluded that the performance of the SDP model might be influenced by the size of projects.
A DCT Fractional Bit Replacement Based Dual Watermarking Algorithm
for Image Authentication
Authors: Dixit Rahul , Nandal Amita , Dhaka Arvind , Kuriakose Yohan Varghese , Agarwal Vardan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:
Watermarking is a process of embedding a message inside a digital signal like an image, video or text. It is used for several key reasons such as authenticity verification, ownership recognition and hidden communication. In this paper, we discuss about
image watermarking, where secret messages are stored in images.

Introduction:
We propose a dual watermarking approach, which is based on Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition methods. This paper considers one watermark as robust and other water mark as fragile.

Method:
The robust watermark is embedded in Discrete Wavelet Transform- Singular Value Decomposition - domain and is used
to transmit hidden messages. The fragile watermark is embedded in Discrete Cosine Transform domain and is used for verification
of secret message of the robust watermark. The proposed algorithm is tested in the experimental results section and shows promising results against denoising, rotation, translation and cropping attacks.

Result:
The results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of mean squared error, structural similarity and
peak signal to noise ratio is S4considerable as compared with the existing methods.

Discussion:
We present the comparison results with Himanshu et. al. in table 10, from which we can see that our method performs
better with gaussian noise and rotational attack only lacking with Salt and Pepper noise. Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, in terms of resulting
PSNR shows the variation of noise variance and degree of rotation. From the graphs it is evident that out method performs better
against Gaussian and rotational attack.

Conclusion:
In this paper a dual watermarking method is proposed in which one watermark is fragile which is called as authentication watermark whereas the other watermark is robust and is called as the information watermark. The authentication watermark is
embedded in the fractional part of DCT domain in the cover image and the information watermark is embedded in the diagonal vector of the LL sub-band.
An analysis of the teaching performance of teachers of elementary schools in Kupang
Authors: Manu Lukas , Kallau Johanis N. , Taek Paulus , Kande Fredrik Abia 
Published: August 2020

This research aims to reveal the differences between the performance of bachelor degree holder teachers and that of non-degree holder teachers of elementary schools in Kupang. It applies the survey method. The data were collected using a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was measured using the Product Moment Correlation formula, and its reliability was measured using Alfa Cronbach formula. The data analysis used the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test with the help of the SPSS Program. The result of the study shows that there is a significant average difference between the teaching performance of bachelor degree holder teachers and that of non-degree holder teachers of elementary schools in Kupang. There is a significant average difference between the personality competence of bachelor degree holder teachers and that of non-degree holder teachers. There is a significant average difference between the paedagogic competence of bachelor degree holder teachers and that of non-degree holder teachers. There is a significant average difference between the social competence of bachelor degree holder teachers and that of non-degree holder teachers. Therefore, it is suggested that non-degree holder teachers keep improving their academic qualification and work performance through varieties of self-development efforts.
COMPARISON OF EFFECTIVENESS OF STANDARD TRIPLE THERAPY VERSUS BISMUTH-BASED THERAPY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE DUE TO HELICOBACTER PYLORI
Authors: BAIG MIRZA MISBA ALI , PARVEEN UZMA , FAROOQ RUQAIAH , TABASSUM MAIMUNA , NAAZ FATIMA , IBRAHIM HASSAN SYED 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Helicobacter pylori is the primary agent causing peptic ulcer, therefore imposing a significant impact on health elated quality of life, consequently affecting nearly 50% of global population. The objective of this study is to determine and assess the effectiveness of triple therapy versus bismuth containing quadruple therapy for eradication of peptic ulcer disease due to H. pylori.
Methods: A prospective randomized observational study was conducted at Princess Esra Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology for a period of 6 months. A total of 100 patients were randomly allocated in tow groups. The data were assessed using various parameters. H. pylori eradication was validated using rapid urease test done at the start treatment 4 weeks after the completion.
Results: A total of 100 patients were recruited in the study. In triple therapy group medication adherence rate was found to be 82% in triple and 92% in quadruple therapy. The eradication rate was assessed using Chi-square test it was 82% and 97% in triple and quadruple therapy group, respectively. Hence, the difference was found to be statistically significant value <0.005. In addition, increased recurrence rate has been observed in triple therapy (17%) in contrast with quadruple therapy (2%).
Conclusion: Addition of bismuth to significant triple therapy improves cure rates with minimal side effects. Interestingly, we observed that when bismuth was added, it produced a significant higher eradication rate (97%) when compared with standard triple therapy (82%). According to our study, bismuth is highly effective treatment of peptic ulcer disease.
MODULATORY ROLE OF SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY AND NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS EXPOSED SUB-CHRONICALLY TO HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM
Authors: CHOUDHURI SOMA , SAHA JAHNABI , DAS SANDEEP , CHOUDHURI DIPAYAN 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The present study assessed the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress induced by chronic exposure to a very low environmentally relevant dose of hexavalent chromium along with the ameliorative potential of selenium and Vitamin E in male rats.
Methods: Twenty-four male albino rats were divided into four groups. Animals of control group received only distilled water. The treated group received solution of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) at a dose of 1 mg/kg b.w./day. The third group received sodium selenate (0.25 mg/kg bw) plus Vitamin E (100 mg/kg bw). The supplemented group received sodium selenate plus Vitamin E along with K2Cr2O7 solution. The animals were treated for 90 consecutive days.
Results: There was a significant decrease in body weight gain and an increase in liver and kidney weight along with an increase in serum glucose, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine; a decrease in protein and albumin levels in the rats treated with K2Cr2O7. The activities of serum enzymes, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase, were also increased in treated animals. The activities of enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, GPx and the levels of GSH reduced significantly and level of malondialdehyde increased in K2Cr2O7 treated rats. Liver and kidney tissues exhibited features of toxicity in chromium treated animals. All the effects were reversed in supplemented group.
Conclusion: Chronic exposure to K2Cr2O7 at a very low environmentally relevant dose caused hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by oxidative stress in male albino rats; the effects were ameliorated by supplementation with selenium and Vitamin E in combination.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES OF SELF-MEDICATION AMONG THE STUDENTS OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITY
Authors: SUTHAR JALPA , SHRINA P PATEL , RIDDHI N SOLANKI 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Self-medication is becoming very common in our routine life which is an unhealthy and risky practice in a few instances. The present study was carried out to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of self-medication among students of Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT).
Methods: A pre-validated questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the students. Data was collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and the results expressed as counts and percentages.
Results: A total of 431 students participated voluntarily in the study. The most common reason for taking self-medication was found in 70% of total students. We found that the source of information of the drugs used for self-medication was “previous prescription (57%)” and source of drugs was “medical store (66%).” Only (46%) students accepted the fact that they always visited a qualified practitioner whenever they felt ill. Most of the students took self-medication for headache (82%) followed by cough, cold, and sore throat (62%) and fever (57%). Of total 431 students, most of the students took analgesics (78%) as self-medication followed by lozenges (50%).
Conclusion: Self-medication was common in nearly 70% of university students. They provided the reason that “no needs to visit the doctor for minor illness.” Cough and cold preparations were taken by 82% population as self-medication.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EFFERVESCENT TABLETS ALONG WITH LEVOCETIRIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: AKHTAR SEMIMUL , HUSSAIN SOEB , MANDAL SUDIP KUMAR 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Levocetirizine dihydrochloride is also known as “Xyzol.” Levocetirizine dihydrochloride is a second-generation piperazine derivative, potent H1 selective agent. Levocetirizine dihydrochloride is the active R (-) enantiomer of cetirizine dihydrochloride. In the case of an allergic or histaminic reaction, the medication must respond rapidly. Many older patients, infants, and dysphagia patients have trouble swallowing traditional tablets or capsules. Hence, a need exists for a relatively fast-acting effervescent tablet form.
Methods: The tablets were prepared by direct compression method using citric acid and sodium bicarbonate as effervescent agents. Then, they were tested for parameters of pre- and post-compression. Tablets were evaluated for studies of general appearance, uniformity of substance, hardness, friability, and in vitro dissolution.
Results: More than 90% of the drug was released from almost all the formulations within 1 min. More formulations underwent rapid 90-day stability trials.
Conclusion: No major changes in the taste, disintegration, and dissolution profiles were found in tablets.
THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING HEXANE AND METHANOL EXTRACT OF SINYO NAKAL (DURANTA REPENS)
Authors: SUGITA PURWANTININGSIH , AMILIA RIZKI , ARIFIN BUDI , RAHAYU DYAH UTAMI CAHYANING , DIANHAR HANHAN 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Phytochemicals are naturally present in every part of plants range from leaves, stem bark, and fruits to roots. The use of plant-based medicine is popular among individuals and communities in developing countries. This study evaluated that the phytochemical profile of Duranta repens fruits was collected from Jombang, East Java, Indonesia.
Methods: Air-dried D. repens fruits were macerated by n-hexane and methanol, a separate flask. n-Hexane extract, then underwent saponification to remove fat. Then, the unsaponifiable of n-hexane and methanol extract was tested through phytochemical screening, respectively.
Results: The methanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids, but the unsaponifiable fraction only contained steroids. The unsaponifiable fraction was found to be a mixture of hydrocarbons ranging from C13-C20, fatty acids (palmitic and linoleic acid), squalene, and Vitamin E.
Conclusion: The phytochemical screening of the plant plays an important role for pharmaceutical studies especially discovering new potential drugs for the treatment of various diseases.
CURRENT THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS FOR CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-2019 – A PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW
Authors: MB SASMI , JOSE MARIA , KUTTICHIRA PRAVEENLAL 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: Coronavirus pandemic is currently a global public health emergency. With expanding knowledge of the virus and the disease, new therapeutic targets are emerging widely. There is limited evidence about the use of different treatment options in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This review aims to summarize the available evidence regarding therapeutic options in treating coronavirus infection.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library using pre-specified Medical Subject Headings terms about the role of therapeutic options in COVID-19 patients.
Results: The majority of the published evidence is either case reports or small observational studies. Antimalarial like hydroxychloroquine reported equivocal results with five studies got positive results and five without any added benefit compared with standard of care. Lopinavir/ ritonavir monotherapy does not show any significant role except in combination with other antiviral drugs but encouraging results are emerging with remdesivir. Studies with favipiravir are inconclusive with some exhibit benefit and others not. Limited case series have shown that tocilizumab and convalescent plasma to be useful as adjuvant therapy in critically ill patients.
Conclusion: There is currently no strong evidence for the efficacy of different therapeutic agents in the treatment of COVID-19. More data from ongoing and future trials will add more insight into the role of various drugs.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SPIRULINA PLATENSIS ON FETAL LIVER OF MICE WITH ACUTE FATTY LIVER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: KARGARZADEH MARYAM , NASRABADI MITRA HEIDARI , DASTPAK AREZO , KARGARZADEH HANIEH 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The protective effect of Spirulina platensis on the fetal liver of mice with acute fatty liver of pregnancy was investigated.
Methods: Small female mice were divided into four groups: A control group with a standard diet, a high-fat diet to induce liver steatosis, a high-fat diet plus Spirulina, and a high-fat diet plus Simvastatin given through gavage to protect the liver against steatosis. After 2 months, the female mice became pregnant by polygamy method at the same time they were treated by different diets. On day 17, the fetuses were removed by C-section, and histological studies were carried out on their livers.
Results: The results showed a significant decrease in liver steatosis in the group treated by Spirulina compared with the other groups (p<0.05). The fatty liver of pregnancy could lead to liver failure and death in both mother and fetus, and medications like Simvastatin that is used for the treatment of fatty liver are harmful to the fetus. However, Spirulina shows a positive effect on the treatment of both fetus and mother.
Conclusions: The results of this study show that Spirulina is an effective medical supplement in the treatment of fatty liver of pregnancy.
Editorial 57-2
Authors: García Narváez José Alberto , López Herrera Francisco 
Published: August 2020

<p>La política monetaria es de natural importancia para la marcha de las empresas pues los efectos de esa política afectan a muchas decisiones de inversión que se tienen que tomar, así como a las operaciones y los costos de cobertura de los riegos financieros y operativos que enfrentan esos organismos. Como se plantea en el artículo que nos ofrecen Santiago Capraro Rodríguez e Ignacio Perrotini Hernández, titulado Intervenciones cambiarias esterilizadas, teoría y evidencia: el caso de México, los bancos centrales que han optado por el establecimiento de objetivos de inflación niegan que su intervención en los mercados cambiarios sea un instrumento que contribuya al logro de los objetivos que persiguen mediante la política monetaria. El argumento que esgrimen es que dicha intervención no tiene eficacia cuando se sigue un régimen de libre flotación, pues es el propio mercado el que fija la paridad de equilibrio; sin embargo, en la práctica se observa que llevan a cabo intervenciones en el mercado de cambios de manera regular. Capraro y Perrotini investigan en su trabajo el papel de las intervenciones cambiarias esterilizadas en el marco de la política monetaria del Banco de México durante el periodo de 1996 a 2010. De esta forma, el análisis que llevan a cabo dichos investigadores revela que las intervenciones cambiarias esterilizadas efectuadas por la autoridad monetaria mexicana sí han sido efectivas, y que el tipo de cambio ha desempeñado un papel esencial en la estabilización de la inflación en México. Es conveniente destacar que estos resultados de Santiago Capraro e Ignacio Perrotini van de la mano con el planteamiento de Ostry et al. (2012), en el sentido de que las intervenciones esterilizadas en el mercado cambiario pueden facilitar el logro de inflación baja, junto con estabilidad macroeconómica y un tipo de cambio que en términos reales se mantenga en torno al nivel consistente con los fundamentales económicos, lo que resulta muy significativo, pues implica que incluso en el Fondo Monetario Internacional se ha abierto la discusión sobre la pertinencia de adoptar como segundo instrumento de política monetaria dicho tipo de intervenciones.</p>
Editorial 57-1
Authors: López Herrera Francisco 
Published: August 2020

<p>La publicación de este número, el primero del año cincuenta y siete de la vida de Contaduría y Administración, es un fruto más de los esfuerzos que llevan a cabo los colaboradores de la revista, con quienes siempre estaremos profundamente agradecidos. Los principales colaboradores de esta publicación, a quienes en primera instancia debemos nuestro agradecimiento, son los académicos que someten los resultados de sus investigaciones, en seguida a los expertos en diversas materias que nos apoyan llevando a cabo la difícil tarea de dictaminadores, así como a los miembros del comité editorial que nos ayudan a que la revista mantenga su rumbo hacia el objetivo de difundir resultados de investigación que contribuyen al avance técnico y científico de la contaduría, la administración y la informática administrativa. A estos esfuerzos se suman también los que se llevan a cabo desde diferentes áreas de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la UNAM con el apoyo de sus autoridades.</p>