bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers Promoted by Redox Initiation Using NHPI and Xanthone
Authors: López‐Domínguez Porfirio , Clemente‐Montes Diego Alberto , Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo mathematical approaches for modeling of the kinetics and evolution of molar mass distributions in the reversible deactivation radical polymerization of vinyl monomers promoted by redox reaction with N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) and xanthone (XT) are presented. In the first modeling approach, the polymerization scheme is implemented in the standard version of the Predici commercial software. In the second case, an accelerated, self‐implemented version of the so called kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) approach, considering binary trees, is used. The effect of concentrations of XT and monomer, as well as monomer type, on monomer conversion, NHPI efficiency, molar mass averages, molar mass dispersity, and full molar mass distributions are studied. The models are validated using literature available experimental data of polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene, in toluene, at 70 °C. The calculated results indicate that NHPI initiator efficiencies are low (<0.2); polymer end‐group functionalities present a maximum value of about 0.8 with a subsequent decrease with monomer conversion; molar mass distributions are broad, exhibiting low molar mass tails. In addition, the hypothetical copolymerization of styrene and MMA is also considered. Copolymer composition distributions for short molecules are broader than those for large ones.
Electrical resistivity tomography monitoring of two managed aquifer recharge ponds in the alluvial aquifer of the Llobregat River (Barcelona, Spain)
Authors: Sendrós Alex , Himi Mahjoub , Lovera Raúl , Rivero Luis , Garcia‐Artigas Ruben , Urruela Aritz , Casas Albert 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTOver the past 20 years, there has been growing interest in the use of the subsurface for water storage using shallow ponds, where water is infiltrated to the subsurface and subsequently groundwater is recovered from pumping wells. This scheme is designed as a surface‐managed aquifer recharge. Llobregat artificial recharge ponds are managed aquifer recharge systems located in alluvial aquifers near Barcelona, with strong significance for water supply to the city. The recharge ponds have shown low infiltration rates since the beginning (e.g., Ca n'Albareda) and a significant decrease after some months (e.g., Sant Vicenç). Consequently, different methodologies were designed for monitoring the systems and evaluating the effectiveness of the selected areas and maintenance procedures. For this purpose, we combined the use of electrical resistivity tomography with standard hydrogeological methodologies, including water table monitoring from piezometers and infiltration tests. The combination of direct and indirect methods have allowed us to improve the diagnosis of the subsurface involved in the managed recharge system. The electrical resistivity tomography technique has shown to be a cost‐effective and high‐resolution tool, flexible and well adaptable for surveying at different scales without disturbing the recharge process. As a consequence, we demonstrate the usefulness of electrical resistivity tomography imaging to unveil hydrogeological heterogeneities and monitoring infiltration, the effect of clogging and clean‐up processes in surface‐managed aquifer recharge projects.
Effect of thermal gradient on interfacial behavior of hybrid fiber reinforced polypropylene composites fabricated by injection overmolding technique
Authors: Jiang Bingyan , Fu Liang , Zhang Muhan , Weng Can , Zhai Zhanyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHybrid fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, fabricated by overmolding technique, are a novel class of lightweight components that benefit from the high mechanical performance of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRT) as well as geometric complexity because of short fiber reinforced thermoplastics (SFRT) composites architecture. The heterogonous interface between CFRT and SFRT in the hybrid structure was generated when SFRT was injected on CFRT surface during overmolding processing. However, the unmatched thermal properties between SFRT and CFRT may cause the poor adhesion at the interface due to the variation of temperature. In this article, how the thermal gradient affects the interfacial properties of hybrid structures is investigated through numerical and experimental methods. The results obtained from the molecular dynamics simulation demonstrate that decreasing thermal gradient can accelerate the molecular diffusion across the interface. Thus, at lower thermal gradient, the gap at interface is gradually disappeared. The results of the interfacial strength estimated by tensile lap shear test method show that the interfacial shear strength is greatly improved by decreasing thermal gradient because of higher crystallinity and bigger spherulite size of PP matrix at interface. In addition, the fracture mechanism of hybrid structure is observed to evolve with thermal gradient.
Encountering the Affective in Latino Immigrant Youth Narratives
Authors: Lee Crystal Chen , Falter Michelle M. , Schoonover Nina R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe authors argue that attending to the affective dimensions of everyday life for Latino immigrant youth offers a disorientation away from the circulation of fear around immigration in the United States, and a new orientation that links together the intimate affective images and narratives of the everyday that are less oppressive and rooted in and branch out to hope and solidarity. To demonstrate the importance of the affective, the authors conducted a post‐qualitative research inquiry interested in animating lifeworlds of seven Latino immigrant youth living in the context of North Carolina. The authors used process and nonrepresentational affect theories to analyze the data, tracing the rogue intensities and surface tensions of ordinary affects across and through the different students and their writing to highlight the students’ fragments of experience as Latino youth in America today. Specifically, the authors drew on Ahmed’s affect theory of sticky objects and sweaty concepts as they analyzed students’ words against the discourse of fear and hate. In tracing the affects that circulate around three sticky objects—immigration, families, and America—the authors witnessed and experienced the moments of tension in students’ affective lives. Doing this work with narratives of first‐generation immigrants exposes the effect that embodied memories have on present‐day experiences. The authors maintain that attunement to the affective realm produces a humanizing practice of literacy research and provides counteraffects of hope, gratitude, and life that speak to the more‐than‐representational written narratives.
Injectable Nonmagnetic Liquid Metal for Eddy‐Thermal Ablation of Tumors under Alternating Magnetic Field
Authors: Yang Nailin , Li Wei , Gong Fei , Cheng Liang , Dong Ziliang , Bai Shang , Xiao Zhisheng , Ni Caifang , Liu Zhuang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHyperthermia induced by the alternating magnetic field (AMF) to heat magnetic nanomaterials localized within the tumor has attracted wide attention due to its ability in effective tumor ablation, low side effects, and deep tissue penetration. However, rather strong AMFs are often needed to realize effective magnetic hyperthermia of tumors. Herein, it is discovered that nonmagnetic gallium–indium liquid metal (GaIn LM) above certain sizes prepared by the shearing force could be effectively heated up under AMF with a low field intensity owing to the eddy‐thermal effect, which could be utilized for AMF‐induced hyperthermia treatment of tumors. As demonstrated in experiments using mice bearing subcutaneous 4T1 breast tumors and rats with deeply seated orthotopic liver tumors, local injection of GaIn LM followed by AMF treatment could result in effective ablation of those tumors. With great in vitro biocompatibility, such GaIn LM also shows no appreciable in vivo toxicity to mice within two months. This work thus presents a new type of thermal ablation therapy using nonmagnetic, biocompatible, and injectable LM to ablate tumors under a low‐field‐intensity AMF, with the eddy‐thermal heating mechanism distinctive from that in conventional magnetic hyperthermia therapies using magnetic nanoagents.
A Review on Solution‐Processable Dopant‐Free Small Molecules as Hole‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Luozheng , Zhou Xianyong , Liu Chang , Wang Xingzhu , Xu Baomin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on conventional hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) have achieved power conversion efficiencies comparable to those of typical inorganic solar cells; however, the dopants used to increase the hole mobility or the film‐forming ability impart these devices with a poor long‐term stability, blocking the industrial commercialization of PSCs. As an alternative, HTMs without any dopants are explored. Herein, dopant‐free small molecular HTMs (SM‐HTMs) are reviewed and the performance based on the analyses of their molecular structures are evaluated. A summary of the designing principle and an outlook of the development of highly efficient SM‐HTMs are presented.
Mimovirus Vesicle‐Based Biological Orthogonal Reaction for Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Ren En , Chu Chengchao , Zhang Yunming , Wang Junqing , Pang Xin , Lin Xiaoning , Liu Chao , Shi Xiaoxiao , Dai Qixuan , Lv Peng , Wang Xiaomin , Chen Xiaoyuan , Liu Gang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHerein, a tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive mimovirus vesicle (MVV) is engineered to deliver azide motifs (–N3) via the membrane fusion mechanism for cancer diagnosis. As a pH‐responsive functional protein, the spike vesicular stomatitis virus G‐protein (VSVG) is genetically immobilized on surface of cell membrane vesicles. By virtue of the low‐pH activated fusogenic peculiarity of VSVG, the –N3 groups, which are also presented on MVVs via metabolic engineering, can be directly anchored onto the target cells, thus reducing tumor heterogeneity and serving as the bait to amplify the tumor targeting of dibenzocyclooctyne‐modified diagnostic moieties. The potential diagnostic capability of such design is successfully confirmed in three different murine tumor models. Featuring excellent pH‐sensitive fusogenic traits, the developed MVVs show great responsiveness to the slightly acidic TME of solid tumors, providing a universal platform in overcoming tumor heterogeneity for precise cancer diagnosis.
PVD‐Sputteranlagen im ständigen Wandel
Authors: Seyfert Ulf , Heydenreich Uwe 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Magnetronsputtern bietet aufgrund der Vielzahl von Verfahrensvariationen und verwendbaren Schichtmaterialien und ‐kombinationen breite Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Industrie. Einen starken Treiber für neue Anwendungen stellt derzeit die Autoindustrie mit dem Fokus auf Elektromobilität dar. Zunehmende technische Anforderungen und steigender Kostendruck müssen in wirtschaftlich tragfähige Anlagenkonzepte übersetzt werden. In dem Artikel werden verschiedene Grundprinzipien der Abscheidung bei Inline‐ und BatchAnlagen für das Magnetron‐Sputtern erläutert, beispielhaft einige Anwendungen und deren Anforderungen beschrieben und ein daraus abgeleitetes Konzept für eine Inline‐Magnetron‐Sputteranlage vorgestellt.
Bovine piroplasmosis‐anaplasmosis and clinical signs of tropical theileriosis in the plains of Djurdjura (north Algeria)
Authors: Ziam Hocine , Kernif Tahar , Saidani Khelaf , Kelanemer Rabah , Hammaz Zoheir , Geysen Dirk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study was conducted during tick activity season over a period of 5 years in the Djurdjura Plains, Algeria. A total of 299 cattle (Holstein, Montbeliard, Fleckvieh and crossbred animals) with clinical signs were included in this study. A total of 171 animals were found positive for at least one pathogen by Giemsa‐stained blood smears examination Theileria annulata (136/299, 45.5%), Babesia bovis (14/299, 4.7%), B. bigemina (3/299, 1.0%) and Anaplasma marginale (12/299, 4.0%) were identified. Six animals were co‐infected by T. annulata and A. marginale. Although no ticks were collected from diseased animals, clinical signs in cattle were hyperthermia (120/136, 88.3%), gluttony followed by anorexia (113/136, 83.1%), lymph node enlargement (99/136, 72.8%), anaemia (82/136, 60.3%), icterus (58/136, 42.6%) and haemoglobinuria (36/136, 26.5%). Gluttony followed by anorexia was considered highly suggestive of an incubation of tropical theileriosis as shown by a higher receptivity index (IR = 0.89–1). This clinical sign is evident in young Montbeliard and young Holstein males with anaemia (IR = 1) and icterus (IR = 0.78–0.81) which is earlier than haemoglobinuria (IR = 0.51–0.54). The incidence of T. annulata was maximum in July (n = 57), as well as B. bovis (n = 6) and A. marginale (n = 13). These results highlight the preponderance of tropical theileriosis in north‐central Algeria, where gluttony followed by anorexia is probably a prodromal symptom during the incubation period of the disease.
Should Total Thyroidectomy Be Recommended for Patients with Familial Non‐medullary Thyroid Cancer?
Authors: Kim Yon Seon , Seo Minjung , Park Seol Hoon , Ju So Yeon , Kim Eun Sook 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether familial non‐medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) has more aggressive clinical features and a worse prognosis than sporadic non‐medullary thyroid cancer (SNMTC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 2894 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent primary thyroidectomy, identified 391 FNMTC cases, and compared the prevalence, surgical extension, and clinicopathologic features of FNMTC and SNMTC.ResultsA family history of thyroid cancer was noted in 391 patients (13.5%), with 85% having two affected relatives and 15% with ≥3 affected relatives. A sibling was affected in 52.9% of cases, and in 47.1%, both parent and child were affected. There were no significant between‐group differences in sex, age, tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, or central lymph node metastases. Significantly more patients with FNMTC exhibited multifocal disease (p = 0.020) or benign nodules (p = 0.015). Lateral neck lymph node metastases were noted in 6.6% (SNMTC) and 9.7% (FNMTC, p = 0.021) of patients. Multifocality and combined benign masses were more frequently observed in patients with FNMTC in multivariate analysis. In the FNMTC group, seven experienced disease recurrence, with no mortality noted during follow‐up.ConclusionsFNMTC is not more aggressive than SNMTC; however, FNMTC should be treated with total thyroidectomy because of the increased disease multifocality and the presence of benign nodules. Lateral neck lymph node metastases were more likely in patients with FNMTC, although we could not estimate prognosis. All patients with thyroid cancer should be checked for family disease history and undergo preoperative ultrasonography to determine the extent of node dissection and the need for total thyroidectomy.
First evidence for the antitumor activity of nanoliposomal irinotecan with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in metastatic biliary tract cancer
Authors: Taghizadeh Hossein , Unseld Matthias , Schmiderer Andreas , Djanani Angela , Wilthoner Klaus , Buchinger Dieter , Prager Gerald W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Therapeutic options are limited for advanced, metastatic biliary tract cancer. The pivotal NAPOLI-1 trial demonstrated the superior clinical benefit of nanoliposomal irinotecan (Nal-IRI) in gemcitabine-pretreated patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; however, the antitumor activity of Nal-IRI in biliary tract cancer is unknown. This is the first report describing the efficacy of Nal-IRI in biliary tract cancer.

Methods
In this multicenter retrospective cohort analysis, we identified patients with metastatic biliary tract adenocarcinoma who were treated with Nal-IRI in combination with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid following tumor progression under standard therapy at one of the study centers between May 2016 and January 2019. We assessed disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).

Results
There were 14 patients; the median age at the time of diagnosis and the median age at the initiation of Nal-IRI were 59.3 and 60.0 years, respectively. Nal-IRI in combination with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid was administered as second-, third-, fourth-, and fifth-line treatment in 6 (43%), 5 (36%), 2 (14%), and 1 (7%) patient with metastatic disease, respectively. The objective DCR with Nal-IRI was 50% (7/14 patients). Six patients (43%) had partial response, and one patient (7%) had stable disease. Progressive disease was observed in seven patients. The median PFS and median OS following Nal-IRI initiation were 10.6 and 24.1 months, respectively.

Conclusions
This retrospective analysis provides the first evidence that Nal-IRI might exhibit a clinical meaningful antitumor activity in metastatic biliary tract cancer.
A framework for describing interaction between human operators and autonomous, automated, and manual control systems
Authors: Lundberg Jonas , Johansson Björn J. E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses how to describe critical episodes of interaction between human operators and autonomous, automated, and manual control systems. The first part of the paper poses three questions: (1) what levels of cognitive control are important to include in a descriptive framework for joint human-autonomy in process control; (2) how should one describe temporal developments in joint socio-technical systems; and (3) how does one analyse communication and control at the system joints. The paper proceeds by proposing a new framework for description and analysis, the Joint Control Framework (JCF), with a simple notation, the Score (JCF-S). It allows descriptions of the three previously mentioned aspects through three analytical activities: process mapping (PM), analysis of Levels of Autonomy in Cognitive Control (LACC), and temporal descriptions of human–machine interaction (T-HMI) through the Score notation. This facilitates analyses across cases and domains. The framework is discussed based on an analysis of two episodes; one work episode (from an air traffic control tower simulator); and one work procedure (from an unmanned traffic management system design concept).
Pituitary society guidance: pituitary disease management and patient care recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic—an international perspective
Authors: Fleseriu Maria , Buchfelder Michael , Cetas Justin S. , Fazeli Pouneh K. , Mallea-Gil Susana M. , Gurnell Mark , McCormack Ann , Pineyro Maria M. , Syro Luis V. , Tritos Nicholas A. , Marcus Hani J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the viral strain that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has presented healthcare systems around the world with an unprecedented challenge. In locations with significant rates of viral transmission, social distancing measures and enforced ‘lockdowns’ are the new ‘norm’ as governments try to prevent healthcare services from being overwhelmed. However, with these measures have come important challenges for the delivery of existing services for other diseases and conditions. The clinical care of patients with pituitary disorders typically involves a multidisciplinary team, working in concert to deliver timely, often complex, disease investigation and management, including pituitary surgery. COVID-19 has brought about major disruption to such services, limiting access to care and opportunities for testing (both laboratory and radiological), and dramatically reducing the ability to safely undertake transsphenoidal surgery. In the absence of clinical trials to guide management of patients with pituitary disease during the COVID-19 pandemic, herein the Professional Education Committee of the Pituitary Society proposes guidance for continued safe management and care of this population.
Epistemic injustice in mathematics education
Authors: Tanswell Fenner Stanley , Rittberg Colin Jakob 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEquity and ethics in the learning of mathematics is a major topic for mathematics education research. The study of ethics and injustice in relation to epistemic pursuits, such as mathematics, is receiving a great deal of interest within contemporary philosophy. We propose a bridging project between these two disciplines, importing key ideas of “epistemic injustice” and “ethical orders” from philosophy into mathematics education to address questions of ethics, equity, values and norms. We build on Dawkins and Weber’s (Educ Stud Math 95:123–142, 2017) “apprenticeship model” of learning proofs and proving, which says that mathematics education should reflect the practices of research mathematicians. Focusing on the norms and values implicit in mathematical proving, we argue that deploying this model unreflectively can lead to “epistemic injustices” in which learners are disadvantaged based on their cultural or class background. We propose thinking about the problem in terms of Max Weber’s “ethical orders”, and the clash that arises between the ethical orders of mathematics and the existing ethical orders of the learners and teachers of mathematics. Weber’s lesson is that sometimes these clashes have no overarching resolution, and so the mathematics classroom may also have to settle for tailored pragmatic measures to combat individual cases of epistemic injustice.
A Bayesian Estimation of Child Labour in India
Authors: Kim Jihye , Olsen Wendy , Wiśniowski Arkadiusz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChild labour in India involves the largest number of children in any single country in the world. In 2011, 11.8 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 were main workers (those working more than 6 mo) according to the Indian Census. Our estimate of child labour using a combined-data approach is slightly higher than that: 13.2 million (11.4–15.2 million) for ages 5 to 17. There are various opinions on how best to measure the prevalence of child labour. In this study, we use the International Labour Organization (ILO)‘s methodology to define hazardousness and combine it with the most recent United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)‘s time thresholds for economic work and household chores. The specific aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of child labour in the age group 5 to 17 and to suggest a combined-data approach using Bayesian inference to improve the accuracy of the child labour estimation. This study combines the National Sample Survey on Employment and Unemployment 2011/12 and the India Human Development Survey 2011/12 and compares the result with the reported figures for the incidence of child labour from the Indian Census. Our unique combined-data approach provides a way to improve accuracy, smooth the variations between ages and provide reliable estimates of the scale of child labour in India.