bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear control with wave observer to maximize harvested power for point absorber wave energy converters
Authors: Do Duc Khac 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper designs control laws that maximize the harvested power for submerged point absorber wave energy converters (PAWECs) constrained to heave motion. First, a mathematical model of a submerged PAWEC driven by nonlinear hydrodynamic, friction, restoring, and harvested power forces is derived. Second, a new disturbance observer is designed that globally practically exponentially estimate the wave velocity and its time derivatives. Next, the optimal operating points are derived such that when the PAWEC operates at these points, the harvested power is maximized. Fourth, nonlinear control laws are designed to track the optimal operating points based on the proposed disturbance observer and Lyapunov's direct method. In addition to maximize the harvested power, these optimal control laws ensure that the harvested power is always nonnegative; i.e., no power is drawn from the network to the PAWEC at any time. For comparison, a control law that maximizes the hydrodynamic extraction power is also designed. Several simulations are carried out and illustrate that the maximizing harvested power control yields better results than others.
Study of the physical properties of selected active objects in the main belt and surrounding regions by broadband photometry
Authors: Borysenko Serhii , Baransky Alexander , Kuehrt Ekkehard , Hellmich Stephan , Mottola Stefano , Meech Karen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDynamically different groups of comets and active asteroids with orbits at 2–5 a. u. show dust activity in varying degrees and forms. A photometric study and comparison of physical parameters can help to classify the mechanisms and nature of the activity for such objects. We present new observations using broadband photometry of 15 active objects in the main asteroid belt and surrounding regions obtained during 2012–2016. The study aims to compare the physical properties of main‐belt comets (MBCs), quasi‐Hilda comets (QHCs), and active asteroids (AAs). The observations were carried out with the 0.7‐m telescope of the Kyiv Comet Station, Ukraine, and with the 1.23‐m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory, Spain, using Blue, Visual, Red (BVR) broadband filters. Upper limits for the nuclear radii, Afρ parameters, and color indices were measured. The results of 2012–2016 observations suggest that there exist systematic differences in the physical parameters of MBCs and QHCs.
Wehret den Anfängen
Authors: Kirstein Jens 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDie äußerst geringe Leitfähigkeit von ölen gepaart mit bspw. Reibung und Sauerstoff beim Transport durch Pipelines birgt das Risiko einer elektrostatischen Aufladung, eines Funkenflugs und damit sogar einer Explosion. Leitfähigkeitswerte in diesem Bereich
Crestal bone stability after flapless placement of sloped implants with immediate temporization in edentulous mandible. A prospective comparative clinical trial
Authors: Puisys Algirdas , Auzbikaviciute Viktorija , Vindasiute‐Narbute Egle , Zukauskas Saulius , Vaicekauskas Kestutis , Razukevicus Dainius 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate crestal bone stability around sloped implants using the flapless procedure and compare it with conventional implants placed axially.Materials and methodsA total of 40 bone‐level implants with platform switching were used for this study for 10 patients (4 males and 6 females) in edentulous mandible. Twenty mesial conventional implants were placed in upright position and 20 distal 30° sloped implants tilted 30°. Bone loss was estimated using radiographic imaging after a 6‐ and a 12‐month follow‐up period. Comparison of the bone loss in the distal and mesial region at both implantation angles were conducted to understand the nature and progression of crestal bone loss.ResultsCrestal bone loss around the sloped implants was 0.29 mm (SD = 0.292) on average, while around conventional implants it was 0.22 mm (SD = 0.202) after one‐year follow‐up. However, there was no significant difference in the average of crestal bone loss between two trial groups after 6 months (p < 0.243) and one‐year (p < 0.614) follow‐up. The results indicated a 100% implant survival rate after one‐year follow‐up. Additionally, three fixed prostheses needed realignment after fracturing during the follow‐up time.ConclusionConsidering the limitations of this study, it can be presumed that sloped and conventional implants with platform switching and conical connection have the same potential for minimal crestal bone loss.
Role of Ash1l in Tourette syndrome and other neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Xu Lulu , Zheng Xueping , Liu Shiguo , Che Fengyuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAsh1l potentially contributes to neurodevelopmental diseases. Although specific Ash1l mutations are rare, they have led to informative studies in animal models that may bring therapeutic advances. Ash1l is highly expressed in the brain and correlates with the neuropathology of Tourette syndrome (TS), autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability during development, implicating shared epigenetic factors and overlapping neuropathological mechanisms. Functional convergence of Ash1l generated several significant signaling pathways: chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation, protein synthesis and cellular metabolism, and synapse development and function. Here, we systematically review the literature on Ash1l, including its discovery, expression, function, regulation, implication in the nervous system, signaling pathway, mutations, and putative involvement in TS and other neurodevelopmental traits. Such findings highlight Ash1l pleiotropy and the necessity of transcending a single gene to complicated mechanisms of network convergence underlying these diseases. With the progress in functional genomic analysis (highlighted in this review), and although the importance and necessity of Ash1l becomes increasingly apparent in the medical field, further research is required to discover the precise function and molecular regulatory mechanisms related to Ash1l. Thus, a new perspective is proposed for basic scientific research and clinical interventions for cross‐disorder diseases.
Development of auditory catch ball system for improvement of blind person QOL
Authors: Suzuki Seiichi , Osa Masatoshi , Sugawara Kazuki , Kato Shigeru , Ohkura Motohiro , Arakawa Akihiro , Uchihara Shoichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA virtual‐sound catch ball game system was developed to improve the quality of life of the visually impaired. Computer‐generated virtual sound balls were represented by stereo sounds, comprising localization parameters such as the interaural time and level differences, echo, and head‐related transfer function. Ball‐catching success was determined by images of the hand captured by a USB camera. Two sessions of experiments with blind subjects demonstrated the importance of distance recognition for human localization capability. Moreover, the addition of an echo parameter enhanced the sound‐source image position and sense of enjoyment. The results showed that a virtual sound game is a good active‐entertainment option for the visually impaired.
Early life chronic inflammatory conditions predict low back pain in adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Beynon Amber M. , Hebert Jeffrey J. , Leboeuf‐Yde Charlotte , Beales Darren J. , Jacques Angela , Walker Bruce F 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between inflammatory conditions and low back pain (LBP) have been found frequently in older populations. However, the nature of these relationships in younger populations is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between early life chronic or recurrent inflammatory conditions and impactful LBP in adolescence and young adulthood.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, we used data from the Raine Study Gen2 participants at the 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17, 20 and 22‐year follow‐ups (N = 2,868). Data were collected on inflammatory conditions from 1 to 22 years of age and occurrences of impactful LBP from 14 to 22 years of age. Longitudinal and cross‐sectional associations between inflammatory conditions and impactful LBP occurrence were examined. Potential dose–response relationships between the number of inflammatory conditions and impactful LBP were also assessed. Logistic regression models were used in the analysis.ResultsParticipants with respiratory or atopic conditions during childhood had increased odds of future impactful LBP in adolescence and young adulthood (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.29 [1.07, 1.54] and 1.23 [1.02, 1.49], respectively). There were cross‐sectional associations between inflammatory conditions including respiratory, skin, musculoskeletal, autoimmune and atopic conditions, with impactful LBP. Participants with two illnesses and three or more illnesses had an increased odds (OR [95% CI] =1.68 [1.30, 2.18] and OR [95% CI] =2.12 [1.54, 2.89], respectively) of reporting impactful LBP.ConclusionsOverall, longitudinal and cross‐sectional associations of respiratory and atopic conditions with impactful LBP in adolescence and young adulthood were identified. More evidence is needed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between chronic inflammatory conditions and impactful LBP.SignificanceLow back pain (LBP) is a prominent and significant health problem and associations between inflammatory conditions and LBP have been found frequently in older populations. We found that children with respiratory or atopic conditions and those with several chronic inflammatory conditions are at increased odds of impactful LBP in adolescence and young adulthood. In clinical practice and future research, there is a need to consider comorbidities also in younger populations.
Special construction methods for tunnels with very shallow overburden – Challenge for innovation
Authors: Sigl Oskar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInfrastructure in large cities is getting denser over time. Therefore, interferences with existing structures and complying to project constraints are fast becoming a very common feature during the implementation process of new projects in urban areas. As a consequence, actual geotechnical challenges often require application of innovative methods of construction in order to minimize potential construction impact or disruption. The paper intends to direct the focus on the application of unusual construction methods and will highlight and discuss some very specific solutions to some major challenges of constructing underground projects in urban environments. This is presented in the form of examples applying unusual construction methods for underground structures related to shallow overburden situations such as passenger linkways, which do not normally stand in the forefront of the attention. The paper is written from the viewpoint of a practitioner, who is deeply involved in the actual design for the implementation of such projects.
Why do people start or stop using e‐cigarettes in Australia? A qualitative interview‐based study
Authors: Amin Samia , Dunn Adam G. , Laranjo Liliana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIssue addressedE‐cigarette awareness and use has increased globally, but little is known about the social factors that influence uptake in Australia. We explored the reasons why people started, continued and stopped using e‐cigarettes in Australia.MethodsThis was a qualitative study comprising 14 semi‐structured interviews with past and current e‐cigarette users in Australia. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically to explore reasons why people started, continued or stopped using e‐cigarettes.ResultsThe following three themes emerged from interviews: “social” reasons, including issues of peer influence and social norms; “health” reasons, with aspects related to the reduction in use of cigarettes and health effects of using e‐cigarettes; and “access and other personal” reasons, including the cost of e‐cigarettes, the ability to access e‐cigarettes and participants’ experiences with e‐cigarettes.ConclusionsThe study revealed that social norms and peer influence were reasons why people started and stopped using e‐cigarettes. Smokers often cited health reasons for starting, while non‐smokers cited social reasons for both starting and stopping.So what?The social and non‐social reasons for why people say they start or stop using e‐cigarettes appear to vary between smokers and non‐smokers. Future studies may benefit from measuring these factors, differentiating between smokers and non‐smokers, and considering these factors as part of interventions for limiting e‐cigarette uptake among non‐smokers.
Novel case of androgen receptor‐positive cancer of unknown primary without serum prostate‐specific antigen elevation that became progression free in the long term after primary combined androgen blockade
Authors: Matsuyama Nayuka , Naiki Taku , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Chaya Ryosuke , Kawai Tatsuya , Etani Toshiki , Nagai Takashi , Kato Hiroyuki , Kubota Yasue , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe prognosis of cancer of unknown primary is very poor. Such a prognosis can be improved by characterizing primary characteristics and developing tailored site‐specific therapy, especially for androgen receptor‐positive adenocarcinoma. However, in such cases without elevated prostate‐specific antigen, the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy is unclear.Case presentationHerein, we report a case that presented with a retroperitoneal cancer of unknown primary that was confirmed as an androgen receptor‐positive adenocarcinoma without prostate‐specific antigen elevation. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any suspicious cancer lesions in the prostate. Furthermore, malignant cells were not present in a prostate biopsy specimen. In spite of the prostate‐specific antigen level, on the basis of immunohistochemical analyses, including NKX3.1, the patient was first treated with androgen deprivation therapy, leading to long‐term progression‐free survival.ConclusionEarly androgen deprivation therapy based on immunohistochemical analyses might lead to a good outcome in androgen receptor‐positive adenocarcinoma cancer of unknown primary patients regardless of prostate‐specific antigen level.
Recent progress on all‐small molecule organic solar cells using small‐molecule nonfullerene acceptors
Authors: Kan Bin , Kan Yuanyuan , Zuo Lijian , Shi Xueliang , Gao Ke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecently, solution‐processed organic solar cells combining small‐molecule donor and nonfullerene acceptor have achieved breakthrough results with the certified efficiency over 15%. These impressive progresses are driven by the concerted efforts of modifying the donor and acceptor materials and optimizing the morphology. Considering the defined chemical structures and easily tuned properties of small‐molecule materials, it is of great necessity and importance to pay more attentions on the topic of all‐small molecule organic solar cells. Here, we summarize the recent progress of all‐small molecule organic solar cells from the prospect of materials' evolutions and expect to provide some hints for its future developments. The involved small‐molecule donors including oligothiophene‐, benzodithiophene‐, naphthodithiophene‐, and porphyrin‐based materials are discussed to illustrate the relationship of chemical structures, properties, and device performance. Then, the small‐molecule nonfullerene acceptors in all‐small molecules organic solar cells are discussed to highlight their vital role. Finally, we will present the challenges and future of this research area.image
Impact of ocean–atmosphere coupling on future projection of Medicanes in the Mediterranean sea
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Fernández Jesús , González‐Alemán Juan J. , de la Vara Alba , Cabos William , Sein Dmitry V. , Gaertner Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCyclones with tropical characteristics called medicanes (“Mediterranean Hurricanes”) eventually develop in the Mediterranean Sea. They have large harmful potential and a correct simulation of their evolution in climate projections is important for an adequate adaptation to climate change. Different studies suggest that ocean–atmosphere coupled models provide a better representation of medicanes, especially in terms of intensity and frequency. In this work, we use the regionally‐coupled model ROM to study how air‐sea interactions affect the evolution of medicanes in future climate projections. We find that under the RCP8.5 scenario our climate simulations show an overall frequency decrease which is more pronounced in the coupled than in the uncoupled configuration, whereas the intensity displays a different behaviour depending on the coupling. In the coupled run, the relative frequency of higher‐intensity medicanes increases, but this is not found in the uncoupled simulation. Also, this study indicates that the coupled model simulates better the summer minimum in the occurrence of medicanes, avoiding the reproduction of unrealistically intense events that can be found in summer in the uncoupled model.
Microstructural volumetric analysis of the jaw following dental implantation under systemic bisphosphonate delivery: An in vivo and ex vivo rat study
Authors: Kniha Kristian , Bock Anna , Peters Florian , Magnuska Zuzanna Anna , Gremse Felix , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundBecause of bisphosphonate medication, dental implantation with a subsequent infection poses a relevant risk factor to suffer from medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw. This rat study evaluated different implant materials under systemic bisphosphonate delivery using micro‐computed tomography (μCT) images.MethodsFifty‐four rats were randomly allocated into a control group 1, test group 2 with intravenous drug application of zoledronic acid and test group 3 with a subcutaneous application of alendronic acid. After 4 weeks of drug delivery, the first molar on each side of the upper jaw was extracted, and either a zirconia or a titanium implant was immediately inserted. Radiological examinations at four timepoints before the operation, 1 week later, 6 weeks later and after 12 weeks of follow up included μCT measurements of the in vivo peri‐implant bone loss. μCT measurements of the ex vivo peri‐implant bony structure after 12 weeks follow‐up covered the bone mineral density, ‐volume, ‐trabecular thickness and ‐separation.ResultsBoth test groups showed a significant increase in bone loss over time (P < 0.05). The clinical observations of exposed bone revealed that most cases occurred under alendronic acid delivery. Exposed bone was recorded only in the test groups around both titanium and zirconia implants. Regarding the peri‐implant bony structure, no significant differences were found between both materials.ConclusionsSystemic bisphosphonate delivery led to increased peri‐implant bone loss over time after immediate implant insertion. In terms of bone resorption and bone quality parameters, no implant material was superior to the other.
Dentate Nucleus Neuronal Density: A Postmortem Study of Essential Tremor Versus Control Brains
Authors: Hartstone Whitney G. , Brown Mark H. , Kelly Geoffrey C. , Tate William J. , Kuo Sheng‐Han , Dwork Andrew J. , Louis Elan D. , Faust Phyllis L. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundEssential tremor involves the cerebellum, yet quantitative analysis of dentate nucleus neurons has not been conducted.ObjectivesTo quantitatively compare neuronal density or neuronal number in the dentate nucleus of essential tremor versus age‐matched controls.MethodsUsing a 7‐μm thick Luxol fast blue hematoxylin and eosin‐stained paraffin section, dentate nucleus neuronal density (neurons/mm2) was determined in 25 essential tremor cases and 25 controls. We also applied a stereological approach in a subset of four essential tremor cases and four controls to estimate total dentate nucleus neuronal number.ResultsDentate nucleus neuronal density did not differ between essential tremor cases and controls (P = 0.44). Total dentate nucleus neuronal number correlated with neuronal density (P = 0.007) and did not differ between essential tremor cases and controls (P = 0.95).ConclusionsNeuronal loss, observed in the Purkinje cell population in essential tremor, did not seem to similarly involve the dentate nucleus in essential tremor. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Multiband asymmetric radio frequency to direct current converter circuit for wireless power transfer
Authors: Samakkhee Warayuth , Phaebua Kittisak , Lertwiriyaprapa Titipong , Akkaraekthalin Prayoot 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article presents the multiband asymmetric radio frequency (RF) to direct current (DC) converter circuit for the wireless power transfer (WPT) applications. The proposed circuit is composed of a power divider, novel asymmetric multiband matching circuit and RF Schottky diode quadrupler voltage rectifier circuit. Unlike the conventional narrow band quadrupler using two Greinacher cells with opposite polarities, the proposed circuit aims to cover the multifrequency bands, which are the cell phone 1.8–2.1 GHz, the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands 2.4–2.5 GHz and 5.725–5.875 GHz. The interested RF input power range of −10 to 20 dBm for the WPT application is focused. The measured RF‐to‐DC conversion efficiency (η) of 50–65% at 1.8–2.1 GHz, 65% at 2.45 GHz and 16% at 5.8 GHz are obtained at 10 dBm optimal input power.
Forschungsdatenmanagement ‐ Zeit für den Abschied vom analogen Laborbuch
Authors: Koepler Oliver , Liermann Johannes , Schön Florian , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractJeder Chemiker produziert Forschungsdaten, egal ob er Substanzen synthetisiert, Spektren aufnimmt oder sich mit der Theorie befasst. Die dabei entstandenen Daten muss jeder Forscher erfassen und dokumentieren, um von den Ergebnissen berichten und nachweisen zu können, dass sie reproduzierbar sind. Doch wie weit ist die chemische Community in der Digitalisierung dieser Forschungsdaten? Die erste Umfrage des Konsortiums NFDI4Chem gibt Antworten.
Regionales Fonds‐Stipendiatentreffen in Aachen
Authors: Hupperich Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnfang März trafen sich Stipendiaten des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie an der RWTH Aachen. Organisiert hatten die Veranstaltung Franziska Schoenebeck, Professorin für organische Chemie, und ihr Arbeitskreis. Acht Nachwuchswissenschaftler der Universitäten Düsseldorf, Bonn und Aachen, die der FCI mit einem Liebig‐ oder Kekulé‐Stipendium fördert, stellten in Vorträgen ihre Forschung vor.
Chemical Recycling of End‐of‐Life Poly(lactide) via Zinc‐Catalyzed Depolymerization and Polymerization
Authors: Cheung Even , Alberti Christoph , Enthaler Stephan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Stephan Enthaler at the University of Hamburg (Germany). The cover picture shows the general structure of chemical recycling processes. In more detail, the chemical recycling of end‐of‐life polymers (plastics) is subdivided into two linked processes. The depolymerization allows the conversion of the end‐of‐life polymer to monomers, which can be reused in the polymerization step for the synthesis of the polymer. By doing so advantages with respect to resource‐efficiency and sustainability can be created. In our manuscript we applied the chemical recycling concept via depolymerization‐polymerization for poly(lactide). Read the full text of their Communication at 10.1002/open.202000243.