bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary supplementation of artificial sweetener and capsicum oleoresin as a strategy to mitigate the negative consequences of heat stress on pig performance
Authors: Biggs Morgan E , Kroscher Kellie A , Zhao Lidan D , Zhang Zhenhe , Wall Emma H , Bravo David M , Rhoads Robert P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pigs exposed to elevated ambient temperatures exhibit reduced daily gain, alterations in muscle and fat deposition, and decreased health. Negative aspects of gastrointestinal (GI) function, integrity, and permeability also occur. High-intensity sweeteners can ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress (HS) by increasing GI glucagon-like peptide-2 production while capsicum oleoresin has been shown to reduce inflammatory response. The effects of an artificial high-intensity sweetener and capsicum oleoresin (CAPS-SUC; TakTik X-Hit, Pancosma, Switzerland) on growth performance of pigs were examined. Forty-eight pigs (12 wk of age, 43.2 ± 4.3 kg) were assigned to six treatments: thermoneutral conditions (21 ± 1.1 °C; 40% to 70% relative humidity) fed ad libitum with (TN+) or without supplement (TN−), heat stress (35 ± 1 °C; 20% to 40% relative humidity) fed ad libitum with (HS+) or without supplement (HS−), and thermoneutral conditions pair-fed to HS intake with (PFTN+) or without supplement (PFTN−). Supplementation (0.1 g/kg feed) began 2 d prior to the 3-d environmental treatment period. Body weights (BWs) and blood samples were collected on days −1 and 3. Rectal temperature (RT) and respiration rate (RR) were measured thrice daily and the feed intake (FI) was recorded daily. Intestinal sections were collected for histology. Pigs in HS conditions exhibited increased RT (~1.2 °C) and RR (~2.7-fold) compared with TN and PFTN groups (P &lt; 0.01). HS+ animals had increased RR when compared with HS− animals (P &lt; 0.02). Heat stress decreased FI compared with TN. HS and PFTN decreased (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain compared with TN. Supplement did not alter the BW gain. HS and PFTN decreased (P &lt; 0.05) Gain:Feed compared with TN during environmental treatment. Supplementation with CAPS–SUC increased Gain:Feed by 0.12 (P &lt; 0.05). Circulating glucose concentrations tended to decrease in CAPS–SUC vs. non-supplemented HS and PFTN animals (P ≤ 0.1). Circulating insulin concentrations as well as monocyte count increased in HS compared with PFTN (P &lt; 0.04) but did not differ from TN and likely linked to altered FI. CAPS–SUC increased basophil count (P &lt; 0.02), irrespective of environment. Ileal villus height tended to decrease during HS and PFTN compared with TN (P &lt; 0.08), indicating an effect of intake. Overall, CAPS–SUC supplementation increased pig feed efficiency and may improve immune response.
Liquidity Insurance with Market Information
Authors: Iovino Luigi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper studies how market signals—such as stock prices—can help alleviate the severity of the asymmetric information problem in credit and liquidity management. Asymmetric information hinders the ability of borrowers (firms, investment banks, etc.) to undertake profitable investment opportunities and to insure themselves against liquidity shocks. I show that on the equilibrium path creditors do not learn anything from market signals because they can use a menu of contracts to screen the different types of borrowers. However, by conditioning liquidity insurance on ex post price signals, creditors are able to provide the borrowers with better incentives for truth telling. At the same time, prices depend on the liquidity that creditors offer to the borrowers. This two-way feedback impacts the design of the optimal contract and potentially generates multiple equilibria in financial markets.
DNA Barcoding of Simulium asakoae (Diptera: Simuliidae) From Northern Thailand
Authors: Low Van Lun , Srisuka Wichai , Saeung Atiporn , Tan Tiong Kai , Ya’cob Zubaidah , Yeong Yze Shiuan , Takaoka Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Previous studies suggested the presence of species complex in the so-called Simulium asakoae Takaoka & Davies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand due to its high morphological variability and genetic divergence. To investigate whether the true S. asakoae is present in Thailand, we performed a detailed morphological identification of S. asakoae and compared its DNA barcodes with the morphospecies S. asakoae from Myanmar and the typical S. asakoae from Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the Thai materials analyzed in this study were indeed genetically similar with those from Myanmar and Malaysia, though genetic distances 0–2.27% were observed. We tentatively regard this divergence as intraspecific variation, and the automatic barcode gap discovery analysis further supports them as a single species.
Lethal Effects of a Commercial Diatomaceous Earth Dust Product on Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Larvae and Nymphs
Authors: Showler Allan T , Flores Nicole , Caesar Ryan M , Mitchel Robert D , Perez De León Adalberto A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith increasing development of resistance to conventional synthetic acaricides in economically and medically important ixodid species, interest in finding alternative control tactics has intensified. Laboratory bioassays were conducted, using the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.), as a model species, to assess the efficacy of a diatomaceous earth-based product, Deadzone, in comparison with a silica gel-based product, CimeXa. CimeXa is already known to be highly lethal against A. americanum larvae and nymphs. The two dust treatments were 100% effective against larvae and nymphs within 24 h after contact occurred by immersion in dry dusts and after crawling across a surface treated with the dry dusts. Contact by crawling on a dried aqueous film of the dusts, even at a concentration of 10%, was not as effective as exposure to the dusts in dry powder form. As has been demonstrated with CimeXa, it is likely that Deadzone will be capable of providing prophylactic protection of cattle from economically important one-host ixodids, such as the southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini), which vectors the causal agents of babesiosis. Diatomaceous earth can be stored indefinitely, will remain efficacious for as long as sufficient quantities remain on the substrate, it is a natural (organic) substance, and it might be amenable for limited use in environmentally protected habitats.
Summary From the First Kidney Cancer Research Summit, September 12–13, 2019: A Focus on Translational Research
Authors: Choueiri Toni K , Atkins Michael B , Bakouny Ziad , Carlo Maria I , Drake Charles G , Jonasch Eric , Kapur Payal , Lewis Bryan , Linehan W Marston , Mitchell Michael J , Pal Sumanta K , Pels Kevin , Poteat Susan , Rathmell W Kimryn , Rini Brian I , Signoretti Sabina , Tannir Nizar , Uzzo Robert , Wood Christopher G , Hammers Hans J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Kidney cancer is one of the 10 most common cancers both in the United States and worldwide. Until this year, there had not previously been a conference focused on translational studies in the broad and heterogeneous group of kidney cancers. Therefore, a group of researchers, clinicians, and patient advocates dedicated to renal cell carcinoma launched the Kidney Cancer Research Summit (KCRS) to spur collaboration and further therapeutic advances in these tumors. This commentary aims to summarize the oral presentations and serve as a record for future iterations of this meeting. The KCRS sessions addressed the tumor microenvironment, novel methods of drug delivery, single cell sequencing strategies, novel immune checkpoint blockade and cellular therapies, predictive biomarkers, and rare variants of kidney cancers. In addition, the meeting included 2 sessions to promote scientific mentoring and kidney cancer research collaborations. A subsequent KCRS will be planned for the fall of 2020.
Importance of starting points in heterogeneous environments: interactions between two clonal plants with contrasting spatial architectures
Authors: Xue Wei , Huang Lin , Yu Fei-Hai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsPlants can benefit from heterogeneous environments via disproportionately increasing resource harvesting in resource-rich patches. Their initial growing positions with respect to resource patches may thus have important influences on their performance and relative competitive ability. Such impacts may differ between species with contrasting spatial architectures. However, the potential influence of initial growing positions in heterogeneous environment on plant growth and competition has largely been ignored.MethodsWe grew the phalanx plant Carex neurocarpa and the guerrilla plant Bolboschoenus planiculmis alone or in competition in a heterogeneous environment consisting of high- and low-nutrient soil patches. In treatments without competition, one ramet of each species was grown in either a high- or a low-nutrient patch in the heterogeneous environment. In treatments with competition, a ramet of the target species was grown in either a high- or a low-nutrient patch, and a ramet of the competitor species was grown in the same patch as the target species or an adjacent patch with a different nutrient level.Important FindingsWithout competition C. neurocarpa produced more biomass and ramets when initially grown in a high-nutrient patch than when initially grown in a low-nutrient patch. With competition, these differences disappeared. Consequently, competitive intensity on C. neurocarpa was higher when it initially grew in a high-nutrient patch than when it initially grew in a low-nutrient patch. These impacts were independent of the initial position of its competitor. By contrast, the initial positions of B. planiculmis did not influence its growth or competitive response. Therefore, in heterogeneous environments, initial growing positions of clonal plants may influence their performance in competition-free environments and may also affect their relative competitive ability, and these effects may depend on spatial architecture of the plants.
Different Kinds of Silence: Revisions of Villette and the ‘Reader’s Romance’
Authors: Hanks Lucy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article presents an alternative reading of Lucy Snowe’s silences in Charlotte Brontë’s Villette. Instead of interpreting silence as submission or antagonistic ‘evasions’, I suggest that it operates as a productive mode. This is emphasized by Brontë’s markings and excisions on the fair copy manuscript. Revisions render parts of the text intentionally ambiguous; I provide extended close readings of the manuscript that demonstrate how Lucy Snowe makes the fact that she has withheld something explicit to the reader. Villette draws attention to its own composition and reception to such an extent that it is the very act of non-narration – and the way it engages the reader – that produces meaning. Approaching this through the lens of the romance plot addresses some of the overtly unnarratable aspects of female selfhood in the mid-nineteenth century. As a female autobiographer, Lucy Snowe makes her struggle to express her sexuality explicit. Brontë crafts this self-reflexivity to form a relationship with the reader that is akin to Bakhtin’s description of the ‘activating reader’. It is only the act of reading, he suggests, that makes discourse possible. However, revisions show how Brontë attempts to influence the types of meaning that are gleaned by the reader; the ‘reader’s romance’ clarifies how she suggestively places the onus on the reader to resolve their expectations about the narrative’s events for themselves. This narrative mode allows the protagonist to reclaim power and use the very means of her oppression as a mode of meaning production.
PaACL silencing accelerates flower senescence and changes the proteome to maintain metabolic homeostasis in Petunia hybrida
Authors: Zhao Huina , Zhong Shiwei , Sang Lina , Zhang Xinyou , Chen Zeyu , Wei’s Qian , Chen Guoju , Liu Juanxu , Yu Yixun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cytosolic acetyl-CoA is an intermediate of the synthesis of most secondary metabolites and the source of acetyl for protein acetylation. The formation of cytosolic acetyl-CoA from citrate is catalysed by ATP-citrate lyase (ACL). However, the function of ACL in global metabolite synthesis and global protein acetylation is not well known. Here, four genes, PaACLA1, PaACLA2, PaACLB1, and PaACLB2, which encode the ACLA and ACLB subunits of ACL in Petunia axillaris, were identified as the same sequences in Petunia hybrida ‘Ultra’. Silencing of PaACLA1-A2 and PaACLB1-B2 led to abnormal leaf and flower development, reduced total anthocyanin content, and accelerated flower senescence in petunia ‘Ultra’. Metabolome and acetylome analysis revealed that PaACLB1-B2 silencing increased the content of many downstream metabolites of acetyl-CoA metabolism and the levels of acetylation of many proteins in petunia corollas. Mechanistically, the metabolic stress induced by reduction of acetyl-CoA in PaACL-silenced petunia corollas caused global and specific changes in the transcriptome, the proteome, and the acetylome, with the effect of maintaining metabolic homeostasis. In addition, the global proteome and acetylome were negatively correlated under acetyl-CoA deficiency. Together, our results suggest that ACL acts as an important metabolic regulator that maintains metabolic homeostasis by promoting changes in the transcriptome, proteome. and acetylome.
Verification of 20 Mathematical Formulas for Discriminating Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Thalassemia Trait in Microcytic Anemia
Authors: Hoffmann Johannes J M L , Urrechaga Eloísa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Currently, more than 45 mathematical formulas based on simple red blood cell (RBC) parameters have been proposed for differentiating between iron deficiency and thalassemia in microcytic anemia, of which 20 are relatively new and have not been thoroughly independently verified. The study goal was to verify these 20 new formulas and to identify which RBC parameters have a decisive impact on the performance of those formulas.

Methods
A database containing laboratory and diagnostic data from 2788 subject individuals with microcytic anemia was used for assessing performance by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
The new Index26 had excellent performance, equivalent to the Green and King, Jayabose, and Janel formulas previously identified in the literature. The discriminant power of nearly all newer formulas was lower in our study than that claimed by the original authors. We discovered that a well-performing formula requires mean cell volume (MCV), RBC distribution width (RDW), and RBC measurements, whereas hemoglobin measurements appeared not to be essential.

Conclusions
Only the new Index26 performed at a level comparable to the very strongest established formulas. All other new formulas had lower performance than was claimed in the original publications, underscoring that independent verification of new formulas is indispensable.
K2 Ultracool Dwarfs Survey – VI. White light superflares observed on an L5 dwarf and flare rates of L dwarfs
Authors: Paudel R R , Gizis J E , Mullan D J , Schmidt S J , Burgasser A J , Williams P K G 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
$Kepler\, K2$ long cadence data are used to study white light flares in a sample of 45 L dwarfs. We identified 11 flares on 9 L dwarfs with equivalent durations of (1.3–198) h and total (UV/optical/IR) energies of ≥0.9 × 1032 erg. Two superflares with energies of &gt;1033 erg were detected on an L5 dwarf (VVV BD001): this is the coolest object so far on which flares have been identified. The larger superflare on this L5 dwarf has an energy of 4.6 × 1034 erg and an amplitude of &gt;300 times the photospheric level: so far, this is the largest amplitude flare detected by the Kepler/K2 mission. The next coolest star on which we identified a flare was an L2 dwarf: 2MASS J08585891+1804463. Combining the energies of all the flares which we have identified on 9 L dwarfs with the total observation time which was dedicated by Kepler to all 45 L dwarfs, we construct a composite flare frequency distribution (FFD). The FFD slope is quite shallow (−0.51 ± 0.17), consistent with earlier results reported by Paudel et al. for one particular L0 dwarf, for which the FFD slope was found to be −0.34. Using the composite FFD, we predict that, in early- and mid-L dwarfs, a superflare of energy 1033 erg occurs every 2.4 yr and a superflare of energy 1034 erg occurs every 7.9 yr. Analysis of our L dwarf flares suggests that magnetic fields of ≥0.13–1.3 kG are present on the stellar surface: such fields could suppress Type II radio bursts.
A joint SZ–X-ray–optical analysis of the dynamical state of 288 massive galaxy clusters
Authors: Zenteno A , Hernández-Lang D , Klein M , Vergara Cervantes C , Hollowood D L , Bhargava S , Palmese A , Strazzullo V , Romer A K , Mohr J J , Jeltema T , Saro A , Lidman C , Gruen D , Ojeda V , Katzenberger A , Aguena M , Allam S , Avila S , Bayliss M , Bertin E , Brooks D , Buckley-Geer E , Burke D L , Capasso R , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Doel P , Eifler T F , Evrard A E , Flaugher B , Floyd B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Gonzalez J R , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hartley W G , Hinton S R , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Lahav O , Lima M , McDonald M , Maia M A G , March M , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Ogando R L C , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Roodman A , Rykoff E S , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , Varga T N , Walker A R , Wilkinson R D ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We use imaging from the first three years of the Dark Energy Survey to characterize the dynamical state of 288 galaxy clusters at 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.9 detected in the South Pole Telescope (SPT) Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect survey (SPT-SZ). We examine spatial offsets between the position of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) and the centre of the gas distribution as traced by the SPT-SZ centroid and by the X-ray centroid/peak position from Chandra and XMM data. We show that the radial distribution of offsets provides no evidence that SPT SZ-selected cluster samples include a higher fraction of mergers than X-ray-selected cluster samples. We use the offsets to classify the dynamical state of the clusters, selecting the 43 most disturbed clusters, with half of those at z ≳ 0.5, a region seldom explored previously. We find that Schechter function fits to the galaxy population in disturbed clusters and relaxed clusters differ at z &gt; 0.55 but not at lower redshifts. Disturbed clusters at z &gt; 0.55 have steeper faint-end slopes and brighter characteristic magnitudes. Within the same redshift range, we find that the BCGs in relaxed clusters tend to be brighter than the BCGs in disturbed samples, while in agreement in the lower redshift bin. Possible explanations includes a higher merger rate, and a more efficient dynamical friction at high redshift. The red-sequence population is less affected by the cluster dynamical state than the general galaxy population.
MetaPhOrs 2.0: integrative, phylogeny-based inference of orthology and paralogy across the tree of life
Authors: Chorostecki Uciel , Molina Manuel , Pryszcz Leszek P , Gabaldón Toni 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInferring homology relationships across genes in different species is a central task in comparative genomics. Therefore, a large number of resources and methods have been developed over the years. Some public databases include phylogenetic trees of homologous gene families which can be used to further differentiate homology relationships into orthology and paralogy. MetaPhOrs is a web server that integrates phylogenetic information from different sources to provide orthology and paralogy relationships based on a common phylogeny-based predictive algorithm and associated with a consistency-based confidence score. Here we describe the latest version of the web server which includes major new implementations and provides orthology and paralogy relationships derived from ∼8.2 million gene family trees—from 13 different source repositories across ∼4000 species with sequenced genomes. MetaPhOrs server is freely available, without registration, at http://orthology.phylomedb.org/
DNA flowerstructure co-localizes with human pathogens in infected macrophages
Authors: Franch Oskar , Gutiérrez-Corbo Camino , Domínguez-Asenjo Bárbara , Boesen Thomas , Jensen Pia Bomholt , Nejsum Lene N , Keller Josephine Geertsen , Nielsen Simon Pagaard , Singh Prakruti R , Jha Rajiv Kumar , Nagaraja Valakunja , Balaña-Fouce Rafael , Ho Yi-Ping , Reguera Rosa María , Knudsen Birgitta Ruth 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Herein, we characterize the cellular uptake of a DNA structure generated by rolling circle DNA amplification. The structure, termed nanoflower, was fluorescently labeled by incorporation of ATTO488-dUTP allowing the intracellular localization to be followed. The nanoflower had a hydrodynamic diameter of approximately 300 nanometer and was non-toxic for all mammalian cell lines tested. It was internalized specifically by mammalian macrophages by phagocytosis within a few hours resulting in specific compartmentalization in phagolysosomes. Maximum uptake was observed after eight hours and the nanoflower remained stable in the phagolysosomes with a half-life of 12 h. Interestingly, the nanoflower co-localized with both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Leishmania infantum within infected macrophages although these pathogens escape lysosomal degradation by affecting the phagocytotic pathway in very different manners. These results suggest an intriguing and overlooked potential application of DNA structures in targeted treatment of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and leishmaniasis that are caused by pathogens that escape the human immune system by modifying macrophage biology.
CausalMGM: an interactive web-based causal discovery tool
Authors: Ge Xiaoyu , Raghu Vineet K , Chrysanthis Panos K , Benos Panayiotis V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
High-throughput sequencing and the availability of large online data repositories (e.g. The Cancer Genome Atlas and Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine) have the potential to revolutionize systems biology by enabling researchers to study interactions between data from different modalities (i.e. genetic, genomic, clinical, behavioral, etc.). Currently, data mining and statistical approaches are confined to identifying correlates in these datasets, but researchers are often interested in identifying cause-and-effect relationships. Causal discovery methods were developed to infer such cause-and-effect relationships from observational data. Though these algorithms have had demonstrated successes in several biomedical applications, they are difficult to use for non-experts. So, there is a need for web-based tools to make causal discovery methods accessible. Here, we present CausalMGM (http://causalmgm.org/), the first web-based causal discovery tool that enables researchers to find cause-and-effect relationships from observational data. Web-based CausalMGM consists of three data analysis tools: (i) feature selection and clustering; (ii) automated identification of cause-and-effect relationships via a graphical model; and (iii) interactive visualization of the learned causal (directed) graph. We demonstrate how CausalMGM enables an end-to-end exploratory analysis of biomedical datasets, giving researchers a clearer picture of its capabilities.