bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative intranight optical variability of X-ray and γ-ray-detected narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
Authors: Ojha Vineet , Chand Hum , Krishna Gopal , Mishra Sapna , Chand Krishan 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
In a systematic program to characterize the intranight optical variability (INOV) of different classes of narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1s) galaxies, we report here the first comparative INOV study of NLSy1 sets detected in the X-ray and γ-ray bands. Our sample consists of 18 sources detected in X-rays but not in γ-rays (hereafter x_NLSy1s) and seven sources detected in γ-rays (hereafter g_NLSy1s), out of which five are detected also in X-rays. We have monitored these two sets of NLSy1s, respectively, in 24 and 21 sessions of a minimum of 3-h duration each. The INOV duty cycles for these two sets are found to be 12 per cent and 53 per cent, respectively (at a 99 per cent confidence level). In the set of 18 x_NLSy1s, INOV duty cycle is found to be zero for the 13 radio-quiet members (monitored in 14 sessions) and 43 per cent for the five radio-loud members (10 sessions). The latter is very similar to the aforementioned duty cycle of 53 per cent found here for the set of g_NLSy1s (all of which are radio-loud). Thus, it appears that the radio-loudness level is the prime factor behind the INOV detection and the pattern of the high-energy radiation plays only a minor role.
Deep multiredshift limits on Epoch of Reionization 21 cm power spectra from four seasons of Murchison Widefield Array observations
Authors: Trott Cathryn M , Jordan C H , Midgley S , Barry N , Greig B , Pindor B , Cook J H , Sleap G , Tingay S J , Ung D , Hancock P , Williams A , Bowman J , Byrne R , Chokshi A , Hazelton B J , Hasegawa K , Jacobs D , Joseph R C , Li W , Line J L B , Lynch C , McKinley B , Mitchell D A , Morales M F , Ouchi M , Pober J C , Rahimi M , Takahashi K , Wayth R B , Webster R L , Wilensky M , Wyithe J S B , Yoshiura S , Zhang Z , Zheng Q 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We compute the spherically averaged power spectrum from four seasons of data obtained for the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) project observed with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). We measure the EoR power spectrum over k = 0.07–3.0 h Mpc−1 at redshifts $z$ = 6.5–8.7. The largest aggregation of 110 h on EoR0 high band (3340 observations), yields a lowest measurement of (43 mK)2 = 1.8 × 103 mK2 at k = 0.14 h Mpc−1 and $z$ = 6.5 (2σ thermal noise plus sample variance). Using the Real-Time System to calibrate and the CHIPS pipeline to estimate power spectra, we select the best observations from the central five pointings within the 2013–2016 observing seasons, observing three independent fields and in two frequency bands. This yields 13 591 2-min snapshots (453 h), based on a quality assurance metric that measures ionospheric activity. We perform another cut to remove poorly calibrated data, based on power in the foreground-dominated and EoR-dominated regions of the two-dimensional power spectrum, reducing the set to 12 569 observations (419 h). These data are processed in groups of 20 observations, to retain the capacity to identify poor data, and used to analyse the evolution and structure of the data over field, frequency, and data quality. We subsequently choose the cleanest 8935 observations (298 h of data) to form integrated power spectra over the different fields, pointings, and redshift ranges.
Analytical model for cluster radio relics
Authors: Brüggen M , Vazza F 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Radio relics are vast synchrotron sources that sit on the outskirts of merging galaxy clusters. In this work we model their formation using a Press–Schechter formalism to simulate merger rates, analytical models for the intracluster medium and the shock dynamics, as well as a simple model for the cosmic ray electrons at the merger shocks. We show that the statistical properties of the population of radio relics are strongly dependent on key physical parameters, such as the acceleration efficiency, the magnetic field strength at the relic, the geometry of the relic and the duration of the electron acceleration at merger shocks. It turns out that the flux distribution as well as the power–mass relation can constrain key parameters of the intracluster medium. With the advent of new large-area radio surveys, statistical analyses of radio relics will complement what we have learned from observations of individual objects.
Reflex motion in the Milky Way stellar halo resulting from the Large Magellanic Cloud infall
Authors: Petersen Michael S , Peñarrubia Jorge 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the results of N-body models of the Milky Way and Large Magellanic Cloud system and study the kinematic reflex motion in the stellar halo owing to the barycentre displacement of the disc. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the Milky Way disc may be moving at 40 $\, {\rm km~s^{-1}}$ relative to the barycentre prior to the Large Magellanic Cloud infall. The resulting reflex motion is visible in tangential velocities of the stellar halo as a simple dipole. The signal is strongest for stars with long dynamical times, identifiable in position-velocity data as stars with large apocentres, whose dynamical memory is still well represented by the unperturbed Milky Way potential. The signal varies across the sky depending on the stellar tracer and may be up to the same magnitude as the velocity of the disc centre of mass, making reflex motion a source of bias for Milky Way potential determinations based on the modelling of stellar streams and/or smooth halo tracers such as blue horizontal branch or RR Lyrae stars.
Origins, Admixture Dynamics, and Homogenization of the African Gene Pool in the Americas
Authors: Gouveia Mateus H , Borda Victor , Leal Thiago P , Moreira Rennan G , Bergen Andrew W , Kehdy Fernanda S G , Alvim Isabela , Aquino Marla M , Araujo Gilderlanio S , Araujo Nathalia M , Furlan Vinicius , Liboredo Raquel , Machado Moara , Magalhaes Wagner C S , Michelin Lucas A , Rodrigues Maíra R , Rodrigues-Soares Fernanda , Sant Anna Hanaisa P , Santolalla Meddly L , Scliar Marília O , Soares-Souza Giordano , Zamudio Roxana , Zolini Camila , Bortolini Maria Catira , Dean Michael , Gilman Robert H , Guio Heinner , Rocha Jorge , Pereira Alexandre C , Barreto Mauricio L , Horta Bernardo L , Lima-Costa Maria F , Mbulaiteye Sam M , Chanock Stephen J , Tishkoff Sarah A , Yeager Meredith , Tarazona-Santos Eduardo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Transatlantic Slave Trade transported more than 9 million Africans to the Americas between the early 16th and the mid-19th centuries. We performed a genome-wide analysis using 6,267 individuals from 25 populations to infer how different African groups contributed to North-, South-American, and Caribbean populations, in the context of geographic and geopolitical factors, and compared genetic data with demographic history records of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. We observed that West-Central Africa and Western Africa-associated ancestry clusters are more prevalent in northern latitudes of the Americas, whereas the South/East Africa-associated ancestry cluster is more prevalent in southern latitudes of the Americas. This pattern results from geographic and geopolitical factors leading to population differentiation. However, there is a substantial decrease in the between-population differentiation of the African gene pool within the Americas, when compared with the regions of origin from Africa, underscoring the importance of historical factors favoring admixture between individuals with different African origins in the New World. This between-population homogenization in the Americas is consistent with the excess of West-Central Africa ancestry (the most prevalent in the Americas) in the United States and Southeast-Brazil, with respect to historical-demography expectations. We also inferred that in most of the Americas, intercontinental admixture intensification occurred between 1750 and 1850, which correlates strongly with the peak of arrivals from Africa. This study contributes with a population genetics perspective to the ongoing social, cultural, and political debate regarding ancestry, admixture, and the mestizaje process in the Americas.
TypeTE: a tool to genotype mobile element insertions from whole genome resequencing data
Authors: Goubert Clément , Thomas Jainy , Payer Lindsay M , Kidd Jeffrey M , Feusier Julie , Watkins W Scott , Burns Kathleen H , Jorde Lynn B , Feschotte Cédric 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Alu retrotransposons account for more than 10% of the human genome, and insertions of these elements create structural variants segregating in human populations. Such polymorphic Alus are powerful markers to understand population structure, and they represent variants that can greatly impact genome function, including gene expression. Accurate genotyping of Alus and other mobile elements has been challenging. Indeed, we found that Alu genotypes previously called for the 1000 Genomes Project are sometimes erroneous, which poses significant problems for phasing these insertions with other variants that comprise the haplotype. To ameliorate this issue, we introduce a new pipeline – TypeTE – which genotypes Alu insertions from whole-genome sequencing data. Starting from a list of polymorphic Alus, TypeTE identifies the hallmarks (poly-A tail and target site duplication) and orientation of Alu insertions using local re-assembly to reconstruct presence and absence alleles. Genotype likelihoods are then computed after re-mapping sequencing reads to the reconstructed alleles. Using a high-quality set of PCR-based genotyping of &gt;200 loci, we show that TypeTE improves genotype accuracy from 83% to 92% in the 1000 Genomes dataset. TypeTE can be readily adapted to other retrotransposon families and brings a valuable toolbox addition for population genomics.
Nutritional interventions to improve muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Gielen Evelien , Beckwée David , Delaere Andreas , De Breucker Sandra , Vandewoude Maurits , Bautmans Ivan ,   the Sarcopenia Guidelines Development Group of the Belgian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (BSGG), Bautmans I , Beaudart C , Beckwée D , Beyer I , Bruyère O , De Breucker S , De Cock A.-M. , Delaere A , de Saint-Hubert M , De Spiegeleer A , Gielen E , Perkisas S , Vandewoude M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Context
Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, disability, and death. The Belgian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics has developed evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. This umbrella review presents the results of the Working Group on Nutritional Interventions.

Objective
The aim of this umbrella review was to provide an evidence-based overview of nutritional interventions targeting sarcopenia or at least 1 of the 3 sarcopenia criteria (ie, muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance) in persons aged ≥ 65 years.

Data sources
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses reporting the effect of nutritional supplementation on sarcopenia or muscle mass, strength, or physical performance.

Data extraction
Two authors extracted data on the key characteristics of the reviews, including participants, treatment, and outcomes. Methodological quality of the reviews was assessed using the product A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews. Three authors synthesized the extracted data and generated recommendations on the basis of an overall synthesis of the effects of each intervention. Quality of evidence was rated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.

Data analysis
A total of 15 systematic reviews were included. The following supplements were examined: proteins, essential amino acids, leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, creatine, and multinutrient supplementation (with or without physical exercise). Because of both the low amount and the low to moderate quality of the reviews, the level of evidence supporting most recommendations was low to moderate.

Conclusions
Best evidence is available to recommend leucine, because it has a significant effect on muscle mass in elderly people with sarcopenia. Protein supplementation on top of resistance training is recommended to increase muscle mass and strength, in particular for obese persons and for ≥ 24 weeks. Effects on sarcopenia as a construct were not reported in the included reviews.
Galactolipid DGDG and Betaine Lipid DGTS Direct De Novo Synthesized Linolenate into Triacylglycerol in a Stress-Induced Starchless Mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Yang Miao , Kong Fantao , Xie Xi , Wu Peichun , Chu Yadong , Cao Xupeng , Xue Song 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe increasing demand for triacylglycerol (TAG) enriching polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has led to a surge of interest in microalgal TAG metabolism. Polar membrane lipids serve as the desaturation carrier for PUFA, and the functional group of PUFA can be incorporated into TAG. Monogalactoglycerolipid has been found to provide the de novo synthesized oleate acyl group or the nascent polyunsaturated diacylglycerol backbone for TAG biosynthesis in the model green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, whether other membrane lipids take part in the formation of PUFA-attached TAG has not been clearly discovered. A time course study of glycerolipidomics in the starchless mutant of C. reinhardtii, BAFJ5, which hyper-accumulates TAG, revealed that digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and diacylglycerol-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) turned into the main components of membrane lipids, accounting for 62% of the total polar lipids, under nitrogen deprivation combined with high light conditions. In addition, the membrane lipid molecules DGDG 18:3n3/16:0 and DGTS 16:0/18:3n6 were presumed to be involved in the consecutive integration of the de novo synthesized linolenates into TAG. Based on the stoichiometry calculation, DGDG and DGTS were demonstrated to provide a major contribution to the accumulation of linolenate-attached TAG. Our study gives insights into the potential PUFA-attached TAG formation pathway mediated by the turnover of de novo synthesized DGDG and DGTS in the starchless mutant of Chlamydomonas.
SlSNAT Interacts with HSP40, a Molecular Chaperone, to Regulate Melatonin Biosynthesis and Promote Thermotolerance in Tomato
Authors: Wang Xiaoyun , Zhang Haijun , Xie Qian , Liu Ying , Lv Hongmei , Bai Ruyue , Ma Rui , Li Xiangdong , Zhang Xichun , Guo Yang-Dong , Zhang Na 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe SNAT enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of melatonin, which is reported to regulate thermotolerance in many plants. However, the mechanistic basis of this regulation remains unclear. In this study, we identified the SlSNAT gene, which is responsible for melatonin biosynthesis in tomato. SlSNAT expression levels were 3- and 5-fold higher in SlSNAT overexpression lines OX-2 and OX-6, respectively. The melatonin levels were 3- and 4-fold higher than those in wild type. The melatonin levels decreased by 50% when the expression of SlSNAT was downregulated to 40%. Overexpression of SlSNAT in tomato plants provided significantly enhanced thermotolerance with better growth performance in Photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and alleviated heat injury. Both exogenous melatonin treatment and endogenous melatonin manipulation by SlSNAT overexpression decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species�accumulation and Fv/Fm. The SlSNAT overexpression line showed protected ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase proteins and upregulated response of heat transcription factors and heat shock proteins under heat stress. HSP40, a DnaJ-type chaperone, was found to interact with SlSNAT in the chloroplast. Downregulation of HSP40 showed lower melatonin synthesis under heat stress. HSP40 functions as a chaperone to protect the SNAT enzyme during melatonin synthesis under heat stress. HSP40 interacted with SlSNAT and together participated in melatonin-related thermotolerance regulation in tomato.
Negative associations for fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels with the development of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Wadström Karin , Jacobsson Lennart , Mohammad Aladdin J , Warrington Kenneth J , Matteson Eric L , Turesson Carl 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate metabolic features that may predispose to GCA in a nested case–control study.MethodsIndividuals who developed GCA after inclusion in a population-based health survey (the Malmö Preventive Medicine Project; N = 33 346) were identified and validated through a structured review of medical records. Four controls for every validated case were selected from the database.ResultsA total of 76 cases with a confirmed incident diagnosis of GCA (61% female, 65% biopsy positive, mean age at diagnosis 70 years) were identified. The median time from screening to diagnosis was 20.7 years (range 3.0–32.1). Cases had significantly lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) at baseline screening compared with controls [mean 4.7 vs 5.1 mmol/l (S.d. overall 1.5), odds ratio (OR) 0.35 per mmol/l (95% CI 0.17, 0.71)] and the association remained significant when adjusted for smoking [OR 0.33 per mmol/l (95% CI 0.16, 0.68)]. Current smokers had a reduced risk of GCA [OR 0.35 (95% CI 0.18, 0.70)]. Both cholesterol [mean 5.6 vs 6.0 mmol/l (S.d. overall 1.0)] and triglyceride levels [median 1.0 vs 1.2 mmol/l (S.d. overall 0.8)] were lower among the cases at baseline screening, with significant negative associations with subsequent GCA in crude and smoking-adjusted models [OR 0.62 per mmol/l (95% CI 0.43, 0.90) for cholesterol; 0.46 per mmol/l (95% CI 0.27, 0.81) for triglycerides].ConclusionDevelopment of GCA was associated with lower FBG and lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels at baseline, all adjusted for current smoking, suggesting that metabolic features predispose to GCA.
Prism Adaptation Deficits in Schizophrenia
Authors: Bartolomeo Lisa A , Shin Yong-Wook , Block Hannah J , Bolbecker Amanda R , Breier Alan F , O’Donnell Brian , Hetrick William P 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent clinical and neurobehavioral evidence suggests cerebellar dysfunction in schizophrenia (SZ). We used the prism adaptation motor task (PAT) to probe specific cerebellar circuits in the disorder. PAT requires cerebellum-dependent motor adaptation, perceptual remapping, and strategic control. A failure to engage in early corrective processes may indicate impairment within either the cerebellum or regions contributing to strategic components, such as the parietal lobe, while an inability to develop and retain a visuomotor shift with time strongly suggests cerebellar impairment. Thirty-one individuals with SZ and 31 individuals without a history of psychological disorders completed PAT. Subjects reached to a target before, during, and following prism exposure, while their movements were recorded using motion-sensing technology. The SZ group performed worse on conditions consisting of adaptation, post-adaptation, aftereffects, and reorientation, thereby demonstrating a failure to adapt to the same degree as healthy controls. SZ performance remained impaired even with visual feedback and did not differ from controls at baseline, suggesting the observed deficit is specific to adaptation. Results indicate that sensorimotor adaptation is impaired in SZ and implicate disturbances in cerebellar circuits.
Investigating the WHAT and WHY on older adults’ use of neighborhood open spaces following an environmental intervention
Authors: Schmidt Tanja , Pawlowski Charlotte Skau , Kerr Jacqueline , Schipperijn Jasper 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Using neighborhood open spaces (NOS) may be an easy way for older adults to maintain healthy aging through physical activity and social interaction. Little is known about older adults’ use of NOS, their preferences, and barriers to using them. This paper presents older adults’ use of NOS in a deprived neighborhood before and after an intervention and factors promoting or inhibiting their use using convergent mixed methods design. Participatory research was employed involving older adults in the intervention. The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities was used to observe older adults’ use of 13 NOS in spring 2017 (baseline) and spring 2018 (follow-up). Ten interviews were conducted in 2018 to identify barriers and facilitators for using NOS. Two NOS had a pavilion built and, in one NOS, benches were renovated, including building raised flower beds and small tables. At baseline, 209 older adults were observed, whereas 329 were observed at follow-up. More (44%) older adults were observed at follow-up in the NOS with the renovated benches. No use of the two pavilions was observed. The interviews identified six factors important for older adults’ use of NOS: weather, support for social caretakers, support for resourceful volunteers, organized activities, social interaction, and sense of ownership. Organizational resources, such as social caretakers and volunteers, are important to promote older adults’ use of NOS. Social interaction is a key factor for older adults’ use of NOS and should be prioritized by health promoters.
What Drives Successful Economic Diversification in Resource-Rich Countries?
Authors: Lashitew Addisu A , Ross Michael L , Werker Eric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe “resource curse” is often understood to imply poor growth in the non-resource sectors of the economy, but research into the diversification performance of resource-rich countries is limited. This paper surveys recent evidence and identifies empirical patterns in the economic diversification of resource-rich countries. Diversification is measured using the growth of per capita non-resource (manufacturing and services) sectors in domestic and export markets, which has a cleaner interpretation than competing measures. This measure is used to evaluate the long-term diversification of countries that started off as resource-dependent, and to rank countries according to their performance. We then identify policy-relevant correlates of diversification at the national level, including the acquisition of human capital, public and intellectual capital, and firm dynamism. More resource-dependent countries appear to perform worse on measures of human capital and intellectual capital, but more resource-abundant countries perform better on public capital and human capital accumulation. We examine the mechanisms behind diversification performance through in-depth case studies of Oman, Laos, and Indonesia, and conclude by identifying policy lessons and future research directions.