bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Teratogenic Mechanism of Echinochrome as a Hypoglycemic Agent on Wistar Rats
Authors: Mohamed Ayman S. , Din Eman Y. Salah EL , Farag Neveen A. , Tawfik Abdel Rahman A. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Echinochrome (Ech) is the active ingredient in the Histochrome drug, which possesses strong antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activity.

Objective:
The present work aimed to characterize the malformations induced by moderate and high dose of Ech during pregnancy.

Methods:

In this study, eighteen (18) female pregnant rats were assigned into 3 groups (6 rats/ group); control group, low dose Ech (0.1 mg/kg) and high dose Ech (1 mg/kg).

Results:
The high dose of Ech caused a significant decrease in the number of embryos, uteri weight, body weight gain, placenta weight, and embryo weight and length. Also, the high dose led to a significant increase in serum AST, ALT, ALP, urea and uric acid of mothers.

Conclusion:
Our findings revealed the first teratogenic effects of high dose Ech. The teratogenic mechanism of Ech works through induction of the hypoglycemic condition in pregnant rats.
تشكيل الخطاب الشعري بين المعنى والمقام قصيدة البردة لكعب بن زهير أنموذجا
Authors: Mustafa Ismaeel Ibrahim , Ahmad Kawther Mohammed 
Published: January 2020

The subject of this study is in the field of discourse, And specifically how to form a poetic discourse, And looks for the most important factors in this regard, It appeared that the poet in the process of artistic construction of the poem takes the context into account, While relying on his technical experience, This will put him in the process of compatibility between influential.
With regard to a poet who lived before Islam and fed a Jahiliyya culture and he wanted to produce a poetic speech in an Islamic context, It becomes more important in the content of his discourse, While seeking to satisfy the consignee he draws from his accumulated culture, And is in negotiations between the two sides.
Our poet “Kaab bin Zuhair” poet Jahili, But he said poetry before the Messenger of Allah, He had to consider his position and the context of his poem, This has resulted in the poem “AlBurda”, It was discussed during the research on the question of meaning and its relationship to human perception.
Phonological Perspective in Recognizing Kurdish Language Word
Authors: Faraj Shakhawan Jalal , Qadir Karwan Omar , Mahmud Avesta Kamal 
Published: January 2020

This research is confers Speech Perception and a Phonological perspective in a frame of TRACE model in a Connectionist point of view and that’s all to Analysis Kurdish and Persian language relatives. According to this view the research entitled (Speech perception and phonological Analysis in Word Recognition). In this research we assumes that Kurdish and Persian language have many similarity especially in phonological level , for reasoning this assumption and analyzing our data we use TRACE model which, developed by McClelland and Elman (1986), is speech recognition model similar to the interactive model of word recognition , and it is based on a connectionist approach in psycholinguistics.
The data that this research investigate drive us to serial Conclusion which are close to our first assumption (more relative between two language ) and every difference between two related languages should be explicable to a high degree of plausibility, and systematic changes by this the study declares historical relationships between the two languages and the synchronically difference. The research content a preface and a body which is divide to three sections and a conclusion: First section: it contents a review of Trace Model (concept and the principle) and the reason to work with this model and selecting it among all another models, because TRACE is based on a connectionist system. There are connections among units at three levels: features, phonemes and words and The TRACE model are thus consistent with the idea of competition among units in the lexicon. In other words, at given time.
Second section: in this section we achieve the TRACE model in Kurdish language, particularly in word cognition and phonological level because the models base on three basic levels: phonological Features, phonemes and word. Third section : we compare in this section both of the two languages(Kurdish and Persian ) through what we got from the results in the second section and this comparative lead us to three main results, like that the both languages have similar phonemic system with a rare different in phonemes feature.
Atypical Repetition in Daily Conversation on Different Days for Detecting Alzheimer Disease: Evaluation of Phone-Call Data From Regular Monitoring Service
Authors: Yamada Yasunori , Shinkawa Kaoru , Shimmei Keita 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundIdentifying signs of Alzheimer disease (AD) through longitudinal and passive monitoring techniques has become increasingly important. Previous studies have succeeded in quantifying language dysfunctions and identifying AD from speech data collected during neuropsychological tests. However, whether and how we can quantify language dysfunction in daily conversation remains unexplored.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore the linguistic features that can be used for differentiating AD patients from daily conversations.MethodsWe analyzed daily conversational data of seniors with and without AD obtained from longitudinal follow-up in a regular monitoring service (from n=15 individuals including 2 AD patients at an average follow-up period of 16.1 months; 1032 conversational data items obtained during phone calls and approximately 221 person-hours). In addition to the standard linguistic features used in previous studies on connected speech data during neuropsychological tests, we extracted novel features related to atypical repetition of words and topics reported by previous observational and descriptive studies as one of the prominent characteristics in everyday conversations of AD patients.ResultsWhen we compared the discriminative power for AD, we found that atypical repetition in two conversations on different days outperformed other linguistic features used in previous studies on speech data during neuropsychological tests. It was also a better indicator than atypical repetition in single conversations as well as that in two conversations separated by a specific number of conversations.ConclusionsOur results show how linguistic features related to atypical repetition across days could be used for detecting AD from daily conversations in a passive manner by taking advantage of longitudinal data.
The Use of Text Messaging to Improve Clinical Engagement for Individuals With Psychosis: Systematic Review
Authors: D'Arcey Jessica , Collaton Joanna , Kozloff Nicole , Voineskos Aristotle N , Kidd Sean A , Foussias George 
Published: January 2020

Background
Individuals experiencing psychosis are at a disproportionate risk for premature disengagement from clinical treatment. Barriers to clinical engagement typically result from funding constraints causing limited access to and flexibility in services. Digital strategies, such as SMS text messaging, offer a low-cost alternative to potentially improve engagement. However, little is known about the efficacy of SMS text messaging in psychosis.

Objective
This review aimed to address this gap, providing insights into the relationship between SMS text messaging and clinical engagement in the treatment of psychosis.

Methods
Studies examining SMS text messaging as an engagement strategy in the treatment of psychosis were reviewed. Included studies were published from the year 2000 onward in the English language, with no methodological restrictions, and were identified using 3 core databases and gray literature sources.

Results
Of the 233 studies extracted, 15 were eligible for inclusion. Most studies demonstrated the positive effects of SMS text messaging on dimensions of engagement such as medication adherence, clinic attendance, and therapeutic alliance. Studies examining the feasibility of SMS text messaging interventions found that they are safe, easy to use, and positively received.

Conclusions
Overall, SMS text messaging is a low-cost, practical method of improving engagement in the treatment of psychosis, although efficacy may vary by symptomology and personal characteristics. Cost-effectiveness and safety considerations were not adequately examined in the studies included. Future studies should consider personalizing SMS text messaging interventions and include cost and safety analyses to appraise readiness for implementation.
NANOSPHERE-LOADED TADALAFIL WITH ENHANCED ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY: INNOVATIVE APPLICATION OF ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC TECHNIQUE
Authors: MEHANNA MOHAMMED M. , ALWATTAR JANA K. 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Electrohydrodynamic atomization is a technique that utilizes electrical potential differences for the fabrication of particles ranging from nano to micrometer size, where the ultra-charged droplets of drug-loaded mist deposit as nanospheres after solvent evaporation. The drug-loaded polymeric spherical nanocomposites have a small volume with large surface area, which is a beneficial characteristic for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement of class II drugs.
Methods: This facile approach is employed for the preparation of tadalafil-loaded nanosystems, a class II drug used for erectile dysfunction treatment. Tadalafil-loaded nanoparticles prepared with different polymer concentrations were evaluated through process yield, drug loading, morphology and functional performance. Further, drug solid-state and compatibility of formulation components were assessed.
Results: The results obtained pointed out that nanoparticles were of uniform spherical morphologies with a size range between 1279±141 and 374±13 nm. The system maintained a high loading efficacy of 88%, with most of the loaded drug released within 2 min during the in vitro dissolution studies. The differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of tadalafil in an amorphous form or as a molecular dispersion within the polymer matrix.
Conclusion: Tadalafil-loaded nanoparticles manufactured through this methodology is qualified as a strategy to ameliorate its solubility and bioavailability.
Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah Berbasis WEB di SMPN 2 Satui Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Nasution Ade Nurhidayat , S.Kom, M.Kom. Maskur , Sari Zamah 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRAKDana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) merupakan program pemerintah yang pada dasarnya untuk penyediaan pendanaan biaya non-personalia bagi satuan pendidikan dasar sebagai pelaksana program wajib belajar. Dana BOS tersebut bertujuan untuk menggratiskan seluruh siswa miskin di tingkat pendidikan dasar dari beban biaya operasional sekolah, baik di sekolah negeri maupun sekolah swasta, menggratiskan seluruh siswa SD dan SMP negeri terhadap biaya operasional sekolah, kecuali pada Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional (SBI) dan Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional (RSBI), dan meringankan beban biaya operasi sekolah bagi siswa di sekolah swasta.Adanya dana BOS tidak didukung dengan pengelolaan yang bagus di setiap sekolah termasuk di Sekolah Menengan Pertama Negeri 2 Satui. Dalam melakukan pengelolaan dana BOS masih dilakukan dengan pencatatan manual sehingga kadang terjadi human error seperti kesalahan dalam penginputan data yang menyebabkan data menjadi tidak akurat dan relevan. Menanggapi adanya kendala tersebut, maka dibuatlah sistem informasi berbasis web untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Sistem ini bisa memberikan kemudahan bagi bendahara untuk membuat laporan keuangan yang selalu terupdate setiap bulannya dan memudahkan Kepala Sekolah untuk melihat laporan yang telah dibuat ABSTRACT School Operational Assistace Fund (BOS) is a goverment program basically to provide no-personnel funding for basic education programs. The BOS fund aims to eliminate all poor student in basic education level from school operating costs, both in public schools and private schools. Eliminating all state elementary and junior high school students on school operating costs, except for International school standart (SBI) and Stub International School Standart (RSBI), and ease the burden of school operating costs for students in private schools. The existence of BOS funds is not supported by good management in every school including at SMP Negeri 2 Satui. In managing BOS funds are still done with manual recording so that sometimes there is human error such as mistakes in inputting data that causes data to be inaccurate and relevant. Responding to these ocstacles, then a web-based information system made to solve the problem. This system can make treasurer easy the to create financial report that always update each month and facilitate the headmaster to see the reports that have been made.
KOMUNITAS GULMA PADA PERKEBUNAN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao) DI DATARAN TINGGI DESA DONGI-DONGI DAN DATARAN RENDAH DESA SIDERA
Authors: Istikana Yayang , Harso Wahyu , Pitopang Ramadanil 
Published: January 2020

Different elevation of lands can affect environmental conditions such as light intensity, temperature, and humidity. The environmental conditions will affect the growth and species of weeds. The aim of this study was to compare the diversity and species composition of weed comunities on highland and lowland of cacao plantation. The study was conducted by colecting the weed species from 25 plots with a size of 2 x 2 m. Every plot was placed by purposive sampling. The result showed that there were 26 species of weeds on highland while only 15 species of weeds were found on lowland. Weeds on highland was dominated by Ageratum conyzoides with important value index (IVI) of 62.07% while on lowland was dominated by Euphorbia hirta with IVI of 26.56%. The weeds community has a medium diversity index while the value of Similarity Index (IS) was low (4.87%) between weeds community on highland and lowland. It could be concluded that different environmental condition would affect the number and species of weeds.
Internal Control Quality and Investment Efficiency
Authors: Lai Shu-Miao , Liu Chih-Liang , Chen Sheng-Syan 
Published: January 2020

SYNOPSIS
We investigate whether the quality of internal control over financial reporting (ICOFR) has implications for the quality of internal control over fixed assets by examining the relation between material weaknesses (MWs) and investment efficiency. After excluding restating firms and controlling for externally reported earnings quality and the potential endogeneity of material weakness disclosure, we find that managers in firms with weak ICOFR are more likely to make inefficient investments. This relation is stronger when investment-specific MWs are related to capital expenditure and property, plant, and equipment. We further show a significantly negative relation between future cash flows and investments made by firms with weak ICOFR. Overall, our findings are distinct from prior studies in that they are independent of financial reporting quality and suggest that weak ICOFR implies that internal controls over fixed assets failed as well.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources identified in the paper.
Strained Marriage Relationships in Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Haque Salma 
Published: January 2020

Strained marriage is a traumatic experience which is influenced by complex social, financial, cultural and psychological factors. For this study two European literary couples Nora-Helmer and Gertrude-Mr. Morel from Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House and D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers are taken and their problems get visible for real life couples to see. This paper is mainly related to the fact that many issues regarding strained marriage are still under-researched. This study attempts to go into the depth of this global issue by providing information through critical textual analysis. In nature, it is an explanatory as well as exploratory research. A qualitative approach will be employed to know about the causes of strained marriage relationship and its consequences on the couples and families.
Extraction and Evaluation of Phytochemicals from Banana Peels (Musa sapientum) and Banana Plants (Musa paradisiaca)
Authors: Kibria Asif Ahmed , Kamrunnessa  , Rahman Md. Mahmudur , Kar Annanya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Banana plants (Musa paradaisica) and banana peels (Musa sapientum) two of same genus Musa are grown in worldwide and consumed as ripe fruit or used for culinary purpose. All parts of the banana plants have medicinal applications. The aim of the present study was detection of phytochemicals from this two types of samples and find out some viable phytochemicals which might be used as food additives after commercial purification. These two types of samples banana plants and banana peels were collected from local area of sobhanbagh near Daffodil International University. Samples were washed and dried in room temperature and grinded in pestle. Then 25 gm of grinded samples were soaked in 75 ml of 70% methanol, ethanol, acetone and 0.9% NaCl solution for 72 hours. Then all the extracts of banana peels and banana plants were detected by standard protocol. Flavonoids, carbohydrates, reducing sugar, tannins, saponins, anthraquinones, steroids, glycosides, phytosterols, phenols, terpenoids, were detected from those extracts. Negative and positive result of presence of phytochemicals were detected by the observing of color change. Banana peels and banana plant extracts were showed maximum result in ethanolic extracts. The present study showed qualitative analysis of phytochemicals content existence in banana peels and banana plants extracts. The study also discussed the application of some phytochemicals in food industry.
In vitro Callus induction of aromatic rice depends on the concentration of 2, 4-D
Authors: Khan Md. Niuz Morshed 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Due to growing population, there is an increasing demand of rice production but its productivity is lessened day by day. Aromatic rice has a great demand during festivals in many countries. Kalijira is one of them not only Bangladesh but also all over the world due to its attractive flavor, fine grain and good taste which is generally used to prepare dishes in different special occasions. But there are some limitations to cultivate aromatic rice Such as lack of high yielding variety, fine grain quality, disease or pest resistant, stress and salt tolerance variety and proper cultural management. To overcome this problem tissue culture can be used. However, the lack of a simple and efficient protocol for callus induction in this cereal crop. In this study we tried to find out the potentiality of aromatic rice variety named kalijira for callus induction from mature embryo and to find out the suitable concentration of 2, 4-D for callus induction and proliferation. The highest callus induction were observed when the media was supplemented with 2 mg/L of 2, 4-D and the frequency of callus induction was lowest in 0.5 mg/L concentration of 2, 4-D. This study will be useful for selecting suitable concentration of growth regulator (2, 4-D) for callus induction in future that will be useful for not only national but also international plant breeders.
Optimization of fermentation condition for cellulase enzyme production from Bacillus sp.
Authors: Islam Maidul , Sarkar Palash Kumar , Mohiuddin A.K.M. , Suzauddula Md. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cellulase is an important enzyme in present-day of industrial biotechnology. The current study is concerned with the production and partial characterization of cellulase enzyme from Bacillus sp. The effect of various fermentation conditions for cellulase production through shake-flask culture was investigated. Maximum enzyme production was obtained after 24 hours of incubation in fermentation medium with pH 3.5 at 35°C under having agitation at 150 rpm while inoculums volume 1% was applied. Enzyme production was 1.91 times higher after optimizing the production condition as compared to the basal media. Cellulase characterization revealed that optimum activity was at pH 5.5 and 50°C for 50 minutes. About 68% of the activity retained after heating the crude enzyme solution at 50°C for 30 minutes. This nature makes cellulase a suitable candidate for current mainstream biomass conversions for sustainable agriculture and industrial processes.
Food Preference of Oryzaephilus Surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) to Different Types of Plant Products
Authors: Nurul A Huda , Noor M. Amni 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Oryzaephilus surinamensis is one of the stored product insect that commonly found in Malaysia. The biological study through host range or food preferences of O. surinamensis is important for the development of sustainable management practice to control its infestation. The objective of this study was to identify the food preference of O. surinamensis to different plant products in relation to food type and moisture content. Twenty adult of O. surinamensis were exposed to three different group of food; dried fruits (date, raisin, apricot, fig), grain/cereals (rice, barley, oat grout, dried maize), and nuts (almond, ground nut, walnut, cashew nut) for 240h in laboratory Kulliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan. Moisture content in each food was also measured. It was found out that the most preferred food by O. surinamensis is oat groat of cereal grain group with medium level of moisture content. Further analysis on food moisture suggested that under current experimental conditions (temperature of 27℃ and 64% relative humidity within 240h of exposure), food moisture content does not affect pest infestation and distribution.
A Generalised Amnistic Model for the Development of Underwater Technology
Authors: Olejnik Adam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The material proposes a generalised model for the development of underwater technology, understood as a technical means of penetrating and exploring the depths of the oceans. The model was developed on the basis of the previously proposed bifurcation model. The basis and starting point for the development of the model was the analysis of literature. The proposed model indicates that regardless of which technical solution for underwater penetration was developed in the past, it will belong to one of the three defined developmental ‘streams’ of this technique. Since the proposed model has the characteristic of a flowing stream and is more general than the bifurcation model, its name has been proposed as a generalised amnistic developmental model of the underwater technique.
Analysis of Species Characteristics of Laboratory Animals in Reaction to Hyperbaric Environmental Conditions
Authors: Giermaziak Wojciech , Doboszyński Tadeusz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work is to determine the dynamics of nitrogen saturation in small laboratory animals. Nitrogen was chosen as a model gas in this study because of its availability and characteristics, as it is not metabolised and is subject to passive diffusion. By subjecting different species of animals to hyperbaric exposures of increasing time and pressure, the study aimed to identify how rapid a decompression was possible to achieve an outcome that saw 50% of the animals surviving the ensuing acute decompression sickness.
The basic parameters of hyperbaric exposure - pressure and time - made it possible to describe the saturation phenomena on the basis of partial saturation periods and to show whether a small animal organism can be considered as a single compartment model.