bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignant hyperthermia during pediatric kidney transplantation—A medical and ethical quandary
Authors: Srinivasan Sangeeth P. , Eldo Nidhin , Nair Suresh G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMalignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare life‐threatening anesthetic complication with high mortality rates. MH during adult kidney transplant has been reported previously. However, the occurrence of MH after multiple previous uneventful anesthetic exposures in a pediatric kidney transplant recipient is rare. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MH in a child undergoing a live donor kidney transplant. The approaches for addressing perioperative challenges and ethical dilemmas to ensure successful outcomes are described. The recipient, a 5‐year‐old male child, weighing 20 kg, with a history of multiple previous uneventful anesthetic exposures, underwent live donor kidney transplant for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Post‐reperfusion he developed fulminant MH with rapidly progressing hyperthermia, hypercarbia, tachycardia, and muscle rigidity, which in addition to complicating the medical management raised several ethical issues as well. MH was successfully managed with dantrolene and other supportive measures. Judicious use of inotropes and fluids helped maintain stable hemodynamics and graft perfusion. Management of MH is complicated in a pediatric patient with ESRD undergoing live donor kidney transplant. Preference for non‐depolarizing muscle relaxants instead of succinylcholine during endotracheal intubation can result in delayed onset of clinical manifestations. However, the metabolic complications may be more severe due to preexisting electrolyte and acid‐base disturbances. Maintaining optimal graft perfusion while simultaneously combating MH can be very challenging in a child. Since the allograft is a precious commodity, critical decisions regarding the harvesting of the donor kidney need to be well thought out. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with dantrolene are critical to preserving graft function and the recipient's life.
Thalidomide as treatment of crohn‐like disease occurred after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a pediatric patient
Authors: Giardino Stefano , Bava Cecilia , Arrigo Serena , Pierri Filomena , Gandullia Paolo , Coccia Cristina , Faraci Maura 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune diseases may occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD or Crohn disease) is rarely described. We describe a child who developed CD after allo‐HSCT, successfully treated with thalidomide.Case reportA child affected by mucopolysaccharidosis type I received two allogeneic HSCTs for rejection after the first one. After cutaneous and intestinal chronic GvHD and 6 months after HSCT, the patients developed a trilinear autoimmune cytopenia successfully treated with rituximab and sirolimus. Due to persisting intestinal symptoms, colonoscopies were performed and histological findings demonstrated a picture of CD. Based on this observation and according to the recommendations for the treatment of CD, thalidomide was started. A complete stable clinical response was obtained 8 weeks after start of thalidomide. Colonoscopy performed 4.8 years later demonstrated a complete endoscopic and histological remission of CD.DiscussionIn this case, the diagnosis of CD after HSCT was based on histological findings. Indeed, repeated colonscopies were necessary for diagnosis, since both clinical and endoscopic features are often common to chronic GvHD and CD. Thalidomide was started at the dose of 1.7 mg/Kg/day, and it was well tolerated. Mild peripheral neurotoxicity occurred 5 years later but disappeared completely with the dose reduction. Currently, the patient is in complete remission from CD, despite the discontinuation of all the immunosuppressive therapies.ConclusionsThalidomide could represent a therapeutic option to treat CD as autoimmune disease after allogeneic HSCT.
Adventitious root formation in crops—Potato as an example
Authors: Joshi Mukul , Ginzberg Idit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe root system of potato is made up of adventitious roots (AR) that form at the base of a sprout once it emerges from the mother tuber. By definition, AR originate from dormant preformed meristems, or from cells neighboring vascular tissues in stems or leaves. This may occur as part of the developmental program of the plant (e.g., potato), or when replacing the embryonic primary roots in response to stress conditions, such as flooding, nutrient deprivation, or wounding. AR formation is studied mainly in cereals and model plants, and less is known about its developmental program in root and tuber crops. In this review, we summarize the recent data on AR development in potato and relate this knowledge to what is known from model plants. For example, AR formation following stem cutting in potato follows a pattern of initiation, expression, and emergence phases that are known for other plants and involves auxin, the master regulator of AR induction and development. Molecular regulation of AR formation and the effect of environmental stresses are discussed. Understanding the origin and nature of AR systems in important crops will contribute to increased production and improve global food security.
Disaster Recovery Communication in the Digital Era: Social Media and the 2016 Southern Louisiana Flood
Authors: Yeo Jungwon , Knox Claire Connolly , Hu Qian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study explores disaster recovery communication in the digital era. In particular, this study analyzes Twitter communication data corresponding to the 2016 Southern Louisiana flood recovery process and examines patterns and characteristics of long‐term recovery communication. Based on network and sentiment analyses of the longitudinal Twitter data, the study identifies the dynamic changes in participants’ numbers, dominant voices, and sentiments in social media communication during the long‐term recovery process. From the additional content analysis of relevant news articles, in‐depth contextual information is provided to support and supplement the findings. Findings show the weaning communication volume during the recovery phase, lacking local voices over the long‐term recovery communication process, and prolonging negative sentiments over the recovery period. Based on the findings, the authors provide implications highlighting the need for investing in long‐term recovery communication, better utilizing information from social media, and supporting local voices during disaster recovery.
High-Rate and Long-Life Cycle of Nano-LiMn2O4 Under High Cut-Off Potential
Authors: Radzi Z. I. , Vengadaesvaran B. , Rahim N. A. , Pandey A. K. , Arifin K. H. , Kufian M. Z. , Zakuan N. S. , Abidin Z. H. Z. , Ramesh S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNano-LiMn2O4 was successfully synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal route with the absence of post-calcination treatment. Employing ethanol as an organic reagent triggers the formation of nanostructured particles approximately 30.39 nm in diameter, associated with 0.007 lattice strain. The pure phase of nano-LiMn2O4/Li displays outstanding electrochemical performances. Under 4.6 V versus Li+/Li cut-off potential, 74.3% of capacity is reserved when C-rate is increased by 50 times, while excellent capacity restoration of 96.9% after cycled again at 1 C. After 331 cycles, a capacity retention of 84.3% is harvested by nano-LiMn2O4/Li, implying the absence of phase transformations in spinel structures under such abuse conditions. This remarkable structural stability can be attributed to the small lattice strain, associated with high Li+ diffusion coefficient, which is estimated to be 10−9.76 cm2 s−1 by the EIS technique. Additionally, Li+ extraction is more favorable when nano-LiMn2O4/Li is charged up to 4.6 V versus Li+/Li, interpreted by the polarization resistance (Rp) of the cell.
Combination of Silica Gel and Surfactin Promoting Methane Hydrate Formation
Authors: Arora Amit , Cameotra Swaranjit Singh , Balomajumder Chandrajit , Kumar Rajnish , Singh Anil Kumar , Kumar Pushpendra , Laik Sukumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recently, gas hydrates based technologies have been exploited for few novel applications such as storage and transpiration of natural gas, gas mixtures separation, CO2 capture, and seawater desalination. Most of these applications are currently facing a challenge of low rate of gas hydrate formation. Chemical additives like surfactants can play a role of a good kinetic promoter for gas hydrate formation. The present study reports the application of biosurfactant for enhancing gas hydrate formation. Biosurfactant was produced by Bacillus subtilis strain A21. These types of microbes show their presence in the real gas hydrate sites also. The surfactin was characterized using many sophisticated techniques, conforming the formation of surfactin. It was used in the presence of fixed bed media of silica gel, and it was observed that surfactin in the presence of silica gel increased the consumption of moles of methane as well as reduced the induction time also as well as the conversion was also increased up to 27.9% for 390 min for 1000 ppm surfactin hence indicating it to be a clean and novel promoter of methane hydrate formation in combination with silica gel which can replace its synthetic counterparts which have environmental concerns.
Influence of Deposition and Fouling on Wall Temperature Distribution in Convective Path
Authors: Li Deli , Wang Enlu , Mao Jinda , Wu Wei , Wang Yiyang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To develop a method of controlling the deposit tube surface temperature, the rules of deposition and fouling on the fireside, and the influence factors of the surface distribution were determined through experiments and theoretical calculations. The surface temperature distribution of a clean tube was compared with that of a deposit tube. Through theoretical calculations, the influence factors of the deposit tube surface temperature were evaluated. Based on the investigation, surface temperature control technology applicable to a super- heater was proposed and the feasibility of this heater was determined. A bimodal distribution was obtained when the temperature distribution of the deposit tube was plotted as a function of the angle, whereas a unimodal distribution was obtained for the clean tube. The results revealed that the heat exchange tube surface temperature is most effectively controlled by controlling the flue gas temperature. Prior to the development of higher performance materials (compared with conventional materials), surface temperature control technology can be used to ensure that the super-heater surface temperature lies below the allowable temperature of existing super-heater materials.
Performance Analysis of Heat Sinks Designed for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: White Andrew Scott , Saltzman David , Lynch Stephen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Significant levels of heat are generated in contemporary electronics, and next generation devices will continue to demand higher power despite decreasing size; therefore, highly effective cooling schemes are needed. Simultaneously, advances in metal additive manufacturing have enabled production of complex heat transfer devices previously impossible to traditionally manufacture. This paper introduces three novel prototypes, originally designed for a prior ASME Student Heat Sink Design Competition sponsored by the K-16 (Heat Transfer in Electronic Devices) technical committee, to demonstrate the abilities of selective laser melting processes in the fabrication of A357 aluminum, EOS aluminum, and copper heat sinks. The performance of each of these prototypes has been determined experimentally, and the effects of specific material and design choices are analyzed. Comparisons of experimental results show that the copper and EOS aluminum prototypes performed better than the A357 aluminum due to increased thermal conductivity; however, the gains in thermal performance from EOS aluminum to copper were much lower despite the large difference in thermal conductivity.
Characterization and Prevention of Metal Overflow in Ultra-Thin Au-Sn Eutectic Chip Bonding for Packaging and Integration of Extreme Heat Flux Micro-Coolers
Authors: Hazra Sougata , Singh Yashvi , Asheghi Mehdi , Goodson Kenneth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, a detailed characterization of Au-Sn eutectic ultra-thin metal stack (∼ 1 μm) bonding has been performed between Pyrex and silicon substrates using a commercial flip-chip bonder. A thorough recipe characterization and development was performed on three different bond sizes of 9, 49 and 100 mm2 by varying bonding temperature between 320 and 380°C with pressure ranging between 2 to 10 MPa. Results indicate that better bond quality was observed at higher temperatures but was relatively unaffected by the bond pressure magnitude. It was also found that flatness of contact is one of the most important parameters that determine the bond uniformity and thus the quality, which is especially important for ultra-thin metal bonding. In addition, this study puts special emphasis on observing the bond uniformity and metal overflow through the transparent Pyrex top substrate. The mean overflow width increased with increasing temperature, reaching as high as 300 μm at 380°C, but was not significantly affected by the bond pressure applied. Simultaneously, the ultra-thin bond layer made it possible for us to observe several different types of microstructures forming within the bond zone, which provided crucial information about sample cool down rate, grain size and intermetallic composition in the eutectic alloy. For a specific case, Kirkendall voids were observed under the optical microscope at the interface between Pyrex and bonded metal because of dissimilar rates of migration of Au and Sn during the eutectic reaction. We believe that this is the first successful observation of voids in bond alloy using non-destructive optical imaging techniques. Following successful characterization of metal reflow from the bond site, a simple method to control this overflow has been demonstrated by precisely controlled misalignment of the two complementary chips. This fundamental study on eutectic bonding aims to further the understanding of eutectic bonding process as well as facilitate development of effective ultra-thin layer, high strength bonding recipes between chips for versatile applications in the electronic packaging industry.
Ultra-Compact Micro-Scale Heat Exchanger for Advanced Thermal Management in Datacenters
Authors: Amalfi Raffaele L. , Salamon Todd , Cataldo Filippo , Marcinichen Jackson B. , Thome John R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present study is focused on the experimental characterization of two-phase heat transfer performance and pressure drops within an ultra-compact heat exchanger (UCHE) suitable for electronics cooling applications. In this specific work, the UCHE prototype is anticipated to be a critical component for realizing a new passive two-phase cooling technology for high-power server racks, as it is more compact and lighter weight than conventional heat exchangers. This technology makes use of a novel combination of thermosyphon loops, at the server-level and rack-level, to passively cool an entire rack. In the proposed two-phase cooling technology, a smaller form factor UCHE is used to transfer heat from the server-level thermosyphon cooling loop to the rack-level thermosyphon cooling loop, while a larger form factor UCHE is used to reject the total heat from the server rack into the facility-level cooling loop. The UCHE is composed of a double-side-copper finned plate enclosed in a stainless steel enclosure. The geometry of the fins and channels on both sides are optimized to enhance the heat transfer performance and flow stability, while minimizing the pressure drops. These features make the UCHE the ideal component for thermosyphon cooling systems, where low pressure drops are required to achieve high passive flow circulation rates and thus achieve high critical heat flux values. The UCHE’s thermal-hydraulic performance is first evaluated in a pump-driven system at the Laboratory of Heat and Mass Transfer (LTCM-EPFL), where experiments include many configurations and operating conditions. Then, the UCHE is installed and tested as the condenser of a thermosyphon loop that rejects heat to a pumped refrigerant system at Nokia Bell Labs, in which both sides operate with refrigerants in phase change (condensation-to-boiling). Experimental results demonstrate high thermal performance with a maximum heat dissipation density of 5455 (kW/m3/K), which is significantly larger than conventional air-cooled heat exchangers and liquid-cooled small pressing depth brazed plate heat exchangers. Finally, a thermal performance analysis is presented that provides guidelines in terms of heat density dissipations at the server- and rack-level when using passive two-phase cooling.
Validation and Parametric Investigations Using a Lumped Thermal Parameter Model of an Internal Permanent Magnet Motor
Authors: Sequeira Sebastien , Bennion Kevin , Cousineau J. Emily , Narumanchi Sreekant , Moreno Gilbert , Kumar Satish , Joshi Yogendra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One of the key challenges for the electric vehicle industry is to develop high-power-density electric motors. Achieving higher power density requires efficient heat removal from inside the motor. In order to improve thermal management, a multi-physics modeling framework that is able to accurately predict the behavior of the motor, while being computationally efficient, is essential. This paper first presents a detailed validation of a Lumped Parameter Thermal Network (LPTN) model of an Internal Permanent Magnet (IPM) synchronous motor within the commercially available Motor-CAD® modeling environment. The IPM motor’s stator is studied at steady state, and winding losses are generated by a constant DC current. The validation is based on temperature comparison with experimental data and with more detailed Finite Element Analysis (FEA). All critical input parameters of the LPTN are considered in detail for each layer of the stator, especially the contact resistances between the impregnation, liner, laminations and housing. Finally, a sensitivity analysis for each of the critical input parameters is provided. A maximum difference of 4% — for the highest temperature in the slot windings and the end windings — was found between the LPTN and the experimental data. Comparing the results from the LPTN and the FEA model, the maximum difference was 2% for the highest temperature in the slot windings and end windings. As for the LTPN sensitivity analysis, the thermal parameter with the highest sensitivity was found to be the liner-to-lamination contact resistance. The latter is often ignored in the literature, whereas its impact on temperature rise was found to be more significant than any other contact resistance within the stator.
Partitioned Heat Sinks for Improved Natural Convection
Authors: Salamon Todd , Kempers Roger , Lynch Brian , Terrell Kevin , Simon Elina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The main drivers contributing to the continued growth of network traffic include video, mobile broadband and machine-to-machine communication (Internet of Things, cloud computing, etc.). Two primary technologies that next-generation (5G) networks are using to increase capacity to meet these future demands are massive MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) antenna arrays and new frequency spectrum. The massive MIMO antenna arrays have significant thermal challenges due to the presence of large arrays of active antenna elements coupled with a reliance on natural convection cooling using vertical plate-finned heat sinks. The geometry of vertical plate-finned heat sinks can be optimized (for example, by choosing the fin pitch and thickness that minimize the thermal resistance of the heat sink to ambient air) and enhanced (for example, by embedding heat pipes within the base to improve heat spreading) to improve convective heat transfer. However, heat transfer performance often suffers as the sensible heat rise of the air flowing through the heat sink can be significant, particularly near the top of the heat sink; this issue can be especially problematic for the relatively large or high-aspect-ratio heat sinks associated with massive MIMO arrays. In this study a vertical plate-finned natural convection heat sink was modified by partitioning the heat sink along its length into distinct sections, where each partitioned section ejects heated air and entrains cooler air. This approach increases overall heat sink effectiveness as the net sensible heat rise of the air in any partitioned section is less than that observed in the unpartitioned heat sink. Experiments were performed using a standard heat sink and equivalent heat sinks partitioned into two and three sections for the cases of ducted and un-ducted natural convection with a uniform heat load applied to the rear of the heat sink. Numerical models were developed which compare well to the experimental results and observed trends. The numerical models also provide additional insight regarding the airflow and thermal performance of the partitioned heat sinks. The combined experimental and numerical results show that for relatively tall natural convection cooled heat sinks, the partitioning approach significantly improves convective heat transfer and overall heat sink effectiveness.
A Porous Medium Approach for Single-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer Modeling in Manifold Microchannel Heat Exchangers
Authors: Battaglia Fabio , Mandel Raphael , Shooshtari Amir , Ohadi Michael M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Manifold Microchannels have been proven to enhance thermal management in different fields, such as electronic cooling, dry cooling, and high temperature heat exchangers. Manifold-microchannels use a system of manifolds to divide a microgrooved surface into a system of manifolds, thereby reducing pressure drop and increasing heat transfer by utilizing the developing flow regime. Because of this, design of a manifold-microchannel heat exchanger requires the design of the manifold and microchannel. In some situations, a sequential design approach, where one first designs the microchannel and then the manifold — is sufficient to meet the requirements of the problem statements. The more demanding requirements of contemporary applications require manifold microchannel design to evolve and become more complex. In particular, reducing the volume and pitch of the manifold has become necessary. Reducing the volume of the manifold results in a higher flow maldistribution, and the ability to predict how maldistribution affects heat transfer rate is critical. Similarly, reducing the pitch of the manifold increases the effect of axial conduction in the solid, and understanding the effect on heat transfer is important. To those ends, this work shows a porous medium approach for single-phase flow in manifold microchannel, which allows to predict pressure drop, maldistribution, axial conduction, and heat transfer rate with a much smaller computational demand when compared to a full 3D simulation, while guaranteeing very similar results.