bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental assessment of trophic ecology in a generalist spider predator: Implications for biocontrol in Uruguayan crops
Authors: García Luis Fernando , Núñez Erika , Lacava Mariángeles , Silva Horacio , Martínez Sebastián , Pétillon Julien 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConservative biological control promotes the use of native natural enemies to limit the size and growth of pest populations. Although spiders constitute one of the most important groups of native predators in several crops, their trophic ecology remains largely unknown, especially for several generalist taxa. In laboratory, we assessed the predatory behaviour of a wandering spider (the wolf spider Lycosa thorelli (Keyserling, 1877) against several arthropods varying in size and trophic positions, all found in South American soybean and rice crops. As prey we used the bug Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood, 1837) as well as larvae and adults of the moth Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), both being considered important pests in Uruguayan crops. We also used several non‐pest arthropods as prey, sarcophagid flies, carabid beetles and wolf spiders. All prey were attacked in more or less high, although not statistically differing, proportions. However, carabids were not consumed, and bugs were consumed in significantly lower proportions than flies. A negative correlation was found between prey size and acceptance rate. Immobilization times were longer against larvae when compared to moths and flies, while predatory sequences were longer for bugs when compared to flies, moths and spiders. In addition, we found a positive effect of prey size on predatory sequence length and complexity. Our results confirm the ability of spiders to attack and feed upon prey with different morphologies, included well‐defended arthropods, and their potential use as natural enemies of several pests in South American crops.
Simple and on‐site DNA purification for LAMP reaction applicable to non‐adult tephritid fruit fly (Diptera: Tephiritidae)
Authors: Kitano Daisuque , Takakura Koh‐Ichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTephritid fruit flies are important pests of fruits and vegetables worldwide, but few studies have examined their ecology and life history in their native range because non‐adult individuals of closely related species are morphologically indistinguishable. To identify non‐adult individuals collected from host plants, flies examined in earlier studies were painstakingly reared to adulthood. Using Zeugodacus scutellatus Hendel as a model species, this study established a simple DNA extraction and purification method based on loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction for on‐site molecular identification of non‐adult fruit flies. The non‐adult individual body fluids were sampled using a sterilized toothpick and then diluted in TE buffer and heated for a short time. Alternatively, eggs were crushed in TE buffer using a sterilized toothpick and then heated. After heated buffer was added to the LAMP reaction mixture as template DNA and the mixture was heated for incubation of polymerase, the LAMP reaction detected the amplified DNA of Z. scutellatus. This purification method, characterized by heating after dilution with TE buffer, is simple and rapid. Our purification method, which obviates large centrifuges, thermal cyclers, and other apparatus, provides lower‐cost and better on‐site molecular identification of non‐adult fruit flies than methods described in earlier reports. The LAMP‐based molecular identification technique and our purification method are particularly useful for studying quarantined pest organisms that cannot be removed from their native areas.
Chasing away accurate results: exhaustive chase protocols underestimate maximum metabolic rate estimates in European perch Perca fluviatilis
Authors: Andersson Matilda L. , Sundberg Fredrik , Eklöv Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetabolic rates are one of many measures that are used to explain species' response to environmental change. Static respirometry is used to calculate the standard metabolic rate (SMR) of fish, and when combined with exhaustive chase protocols it can be used to measure maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope (AS) as well. While these methods have been tested in comparison to swim tunnels and chambers with circular currents, they have not been tested in comparison with a no‐chase control. We used a repeated‐measures design to compare estimates of SMR, MMR and AS in European perch Perca fluviatilis following three protocols: (a) a no‐chase control; (b) a 3‐min exhaustive chase; and (c) a 3‐min exhaustive chase followed by 1‐min air exposure. We found that, contrary to expectations, exhaustive chase protocols underestimate MMR and AS at 18°C, compared to the no‐chase control. This suggests that metabolic rates of other species with similar locomotorty modes or lifestyles could be similarly underestimated using chase protocols. These underestimates have implications for studies examining metabolic performance and responses to climate change scenarios. To prevent underestimates, future experiments measuring metabolic rates should include a pilot with a no‐chase control or, when appropriate, an adjusted methodology in which trials end with the exhaustive chase instead of beginning with it.
Annual breeding in a captive smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata
Authors: Flowers Kathryn I. , Chapman Demian D. , Kemp Todd , Wert Dave , Feldheim Kevin A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe critically endangered smalltooth sawfish Pristis pectinata reproduces biennially in central west Florida, U.S.A. Here we demonstrate that smalltooth sawfish are physiologically capable of reproducing annually in a captive environment. The smalltooth sawfish are held in an open system, with abiotic conditions that vary naturally with the surrounding environment in The Bahamas. This suggests wild smalltooth sawfish may also be capable of annual reproduction provided there are adequate prey resources, limited competition and mate availability.
First record sheds light on the distribution of the cyprinodontiform genus Jenynsia (Günther, 1866) in the High Andean Plateau
Authors: Firpo Lacoste Francisco , Andreoli Bize Julieta , Fernández Luis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis is the first record of the genus Jenynsia in the High Andean Plateau (HAP). It has been found at elevations between 3400 and 3900 m in three endorreheic systems: Salar Antofalla, Antofagasta de la Sierra and El Peñón, northwestern Argentina, South America. This finding increases the number of known HAP fish genera to five. Furthermore, in contrast to the old Andean species‐rich genus Orestias, the presence of Jenynsia obscura populations in young high‐altitude, non‐marine saline wetlands reported here supports a recent dispersal into the HAP.
Foam mat drying of taro (Colocasia esculenta): The effect of ultrasonic pretreatment and drying techniques on the drying behavior, flow, and reconstitution properties of taro flour
Authors: Çalışkan Koç Gülşah , Yüksel Ayşe Nur , Baş Erman , Erdoğan Selma Lubabe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effect of ultrasound pretreatment (UP) and drying methods (convective hot air [CHAD] and microwave oven [MOD]‐assisted foam mat drying [FMD]) on the drying time, behavior and rate, diffusion coefficient, moisture content, color, bulk and tapped densities, flow properties, and reconstitution behavior of taro (Colocasia esculenta) flour were assessed. For this purpose, the taro foams with and without ultrasonic pretreatment (35 kHz, 80°C for 25 min) were dried in a convective oven (70°C, 20% ventilation rate) and microwave oven (460 W). The UP resulted in a higher drying rate, diffusion coefficient, moisture content, Hausner ratio (HR), and wettability time, and a lower drying time compared to the nontreated samples. Combined CHAD and MOD‐assisted FMD improved the disadvantages of the CHAD method for example: long drying time (decreased around 63.33% for CHAD and 59.16% for UP + CHAD), low drying and diffusion rates, high moisture content, low brightness (L*) values, high Carr index (CI), HR, and times of wettability and solubility. Additionally, the CI and HR of the taro flours ranged between 4.29–13.96 and 1.04–1.16 which can also be classified as very good and low levels, respectively.Practical ApplicationsTaro flour is an important alternative flour source in baby food, cake, chips, noodle, and so forth due to its pasting, functional, and nutritional properties. In order to obtain taro flour, the taro corm (root) is washed, peeled, and sliced then generally blanched with distilled water, dried, and ground. The quality of taro flour depends on the preparation method such as the drying method and conditions. Foam mat drying (FMD) is an alternative technique and it has several advantages like low drying time and energy consumption, a high drying rate, increased drying surface area, porous structure, and the desired instant properties of the obtained powders. Ultrasound pretreatment (UP) has also some advantages such as increasing the mass transfer rate, reducing drying time, and energy consumption. In this study, the advantages of these techniques (FMD and UP) were combined and the effects on the drying behavior, time, effective moisture diffusivity, and the physical and powder properties were observed.
Magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining for immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated colitis
Authors: Inoue Shuntaro , Kono Mitsuhiro , Fukuda Hiromu , Shimamoto Yusaku , Nakagawa Kentaro , Ohmori Masayasu , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Matsuno Kenshi , Iwatsubo Taro , Nakahira Hiroko , Matsuura Noriko , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Kitamura Masanori , Nakatsuka Shinichi , Kunimasa Kei , Kumagai Toru , Isei Taiki , Ishihara Ryu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThere exists no evidence on the relationship between endoscopic and histologic findings. Furthermore, even after multiple biopsy specimens were obtained, histologic examination usually fails to show the characteristic features of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated colitis. In this study, we explored the endoscopic and histologic findings of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated colitis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated colitis at our hospital between March 2018 and December 2018 were retrospectively assessed. The degree of mucosal inflammation was evaluated using endoscopic inflammation grade (inactive, mild, moderate, or severe disease) and further observed using magnifying endoscopy with crystal violet staining. Pit structures were classified into three types: regularly arranged pits with circular or elliptical shape (R type), irregularly arranged pits with inhomogeneous size and morphology (IR type), and pits with reduced density or pits that partially disappeared (AD type).ResultsEleven patients (median age, 71 years; range, 44–83 years) were diagnosed with immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated colitis. All characteristic histologic findings, including crypt distortion, crypt abscesses, and apoptotic bodies, were observed at sites with moderate‐to‐severe endoscopic inflammation but not at sites with inactive‐to‐mild endoscopic inflammation. Characteristic histologic features were observed in 0%, 50%, and 100% of R‐type, IR‐type, and AD‐type mucosa, respectively.ConclusionsWe revealed the possible utility of endoscopic images for selecting suitable target sites for biopsy and showed that endoscopic findings could reduce the time lag associated with tissue diagnosis and sampling errors due to biopsy.
Effect of tranexamic acid in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding: A nationwide inpatient database study
Authors: Miyamoto Yuki , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Ishimaru Miho , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) remains unknown in patients with colonic diverticular bleeding, which is one of the most common causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. We investigated the efficacy of TXA for patients with colonic diverticular bleeding.MethodsWe performed a nationwide observational study using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database and identified patients who were admitted for diverticular bleeding from 2010 to 2018. Patients who received TXA on the day of admission comprised the TXA group, and the remaining patients comprised the control group. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included severe bleeding, blood transfusion within 7 days of admission, length of stay, and hospitalization costs. Propensity score matching was performed to compare outcomes between the two groups.ResultsOverall, 78 291 patients met our eligibility criteria, and 30 526 matched pairs were created by one‐to‐one propensity score matching. After matching, there was no significant difference in in‐hospital mortality between the two groups (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–1.30); however, TXA administration was associated with significantly lower proportions of severe bleeding events (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89–0.99), blood transfusions (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.84–0.92), shorter length of stay (difference, −0.23 days; 95% CI, −0.01 to −0.44 days), and lower total hospitalization costs (difference, −$233; 95% CI, −$153 to −$314).ConclusionsAlthough TXA was not significantly associated with lower in‐hospital mortality, it may reduce severe bleeding, blood transfusions, length of stay, and hospitalization costs.
Validation of a 5‐Year Mortality Prediction Model amongU.S.Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Ross Rachael K. , Kuo Tzy‐Mey , Webster‐Clark Michael , Lewis Carmen L. , Kistler Christine E. , Jonsson Funk Michele , Lund Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESA claims‐based model predicting 5‐year mortality (Lund‐Lewis) was developed in a 2008 cohort of North Carolina (NC) Medicare beneficiaries and included indicators of comorbid conditions, frailty, disability, and functional impairment. The objective of this study was to validate the Lund‐Lewis model externally within a nationwide sample of Medicare beneficiaries.DESIGNRetrospective validation study.SETTINGU.S. Medicare population.PARTICIPANTSFrom a random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we created four annual cohorts from 2008 to 2011 of individuals aged 66 and older with an office visit in that year. The annual cohorts ranged from 1.13 to 1.18 million beneficiaries.MEASUREMENTSThe outcome was 5‐year all‐cause mortality. We assessed clinical indicators in the 12 months before the qualifying office visit and estimated predicted 5‐year mortality for each beneficiary in the nationwide sample by applying estimates derived in the original NC cohort. Model performance was assessed by quantifying discrimination, calibration, and reclassification metrics compared with a model fit on a comorbidity score.RESULTSAcross the annual cohorts, 5‐year mortality ranged from 24.4% to 25.5%. The model had strong discrimination (C‐statistics ranged across cohorts from .823 to .826). Reclassification measures showed improvement over a comorbidity score model for beneficiaries who died but reduced performance among beneficiaries who survived. The calibration slope ranged from .83 to .86; the model generally predicted a higher risk than observed.CONCLUSIONThe Lund‐Lewis model showed strong and consistent discrimination in a national U.S. Medicare sample, although calibration indicated slight overfitting. Future work should investigate methods for improving model calibration and evaluating performance within specific disease settings.
Global analysis of CCT family knockout mutants identifies four genes involved in regulating heading date in rice
Authors: Zhang Jia , Fan Xiaowei , Hu Yong , Zhou Xiangchun , He Qin , Liang Liwen , Xing Yongzhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany genes encoding CCT domain‐containing proteins regulate flowering time. In rice (Oryza sativa), 41 such genes have been identified, but only a few have been shown to regulate heading date. Here, to test whether and how additional CCT family genes regulate heading date in rice, we classified these genes into five groups based on their diurnal expression patterns. The expression patterns of genes in the same subfamily or in close phylogenetic clades tended to be similar. We generated knockout mutants of the entire gene family via CRISPR/Cas9. The heading dates of knockout mutants of only 4 of 14 genes previously shown to regulate heading date were altered, pointing to functional redundancy of CCT family genes in regulating this trait. Analysis of mutants of four other genes showed that OsCCT22, OsCCT38, and OsCCT41 suppress heading under long‐day conditions and promote heading under short‐day conditions. OsCCT03 promotes heading under both conditions and upregulates the expression of Hd1 and Ehd1, a phenomenon not previously reported for other such genes. To date, at least 18 CCT domain‐containing genes involved in regulating heading have been identified, providing diverse, flexible gene combinations for generating rice varieties with a given heading date.
The fate of calcareous pelites in collisional orogens
Authors: Groppo Chiara , Rapa Giulia , Frezzotti Maria Luce , Rolfo Franco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough calcareous pelites are important constituents of sediments involved in orogenic processes, their prograde metamorphism is significantly less studied than that of pure pelites with negligible amounts of modal calcite. This paper presents mineral equilibria modelling in the system MnO–Na2O–K2O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–TiO2–H2O–CO2, with the aim of constraining the prograde evolution of calcareous pelites in collisional orogenic settings. A suite of model bulk‐rock compositions is used to investigate the influence of different proportions of calcite in the protolith on (a) the equilibrium assemblages at different pressure, temperature and fluid composition (P–T–X(CO2)) conditions; (b) the melt fertility and (c) the fluid evolution and the main decarbonation reactions occurring during prograde metamorphism of calcareous pelites. In spite of being purely theoretical, the reliability of the modelling is tested by comparing the predicted assemblages with those observed in a wide set of natural samples from the Himalayan metamorphic core. Comparison between the predicted and the modelled assemblages demonstrates that even a small amount of calcite in the calcareous pelitic protoliths has a strong influence on the final mineral assemblages and compositions, with potential effects on their melt productivity. Specifically, it appears that up to ~800°C, the melt productivity of calcic metapelites remains low, and melt production occurs gradationally because it is mostly controlled by continuous biotite dehydration melting reactions, rather than by muscovite breakdown. Moreover, the study demonstrates that calcareous pelites could be non‐negligible CO2‐source rocks in orogenic settings, and that in such contexts, an internal buffered behaviour is likely for most of them.
High‐density lipoprotein‐related cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Pedrini Steve , Chatterjee Pratishtha , Hone Eugene , Martins Ralph N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh‐density lipoproteins (HDL) are a heterogeneous class of molecules whose main function is to remove excess cholesterol through a mechanism called reverse transport, in which cholesterol is transported from peripheral organs and from arterial foam cells to the liver, where it is subsequently eliminated with bile. While its ability to eliminate excess cholesterol has always been viewed as its main feature, its beneficial effects go beyond this single effect. Many of the proteins that are associated with HDL are responsible for anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. These proteins that are associated with HDL during its generation and remodelling, are referred to as ‘protein cargo’, which has been extensively analysed by mass spectrometry analysis in healthy and diseased individuals. In this review, we discuss the pathway that leads to HDL formation and its subsequent remodelling and catabolism with regards to the possible involvement of HDL ‘protein cargo’ in Alzheimer's disease.
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A novel tri‐culture model for neuroinflammation
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Fang , Zhou Xian , Chang Dennis , Bhuyan Deep Jyoti , Zhang Jie Ping , Yu Wen‐Zhen , Jiang Xia‐Sen , Seto Sai Wang , Yeon Seung Yeon , Li Jia , Li Chun Guang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeuroinflammation is believed to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Currently, suitable in vitro neuroinflammation models for studying cellular interactions and inflammatory mechanisms at the neurovascular unit are still scarce. In this study, we established an experimentally flexible tri‐culture neuroinflammation model combining murine microglial cells (N11), mouse neuroblastoma Nuro2A cell lines and brain microvascular endothelial MVEC(B3) cells in a transwell co‐culture system stimulated with lipopolysaccharides. Neuroinflammation was induced in this tri‐culture model as manifested by activated N11 cells via toll‐like receptor 4, resulting in increased release of proinflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, interleukin‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐α) through the activation of nuclear factor‐κB signalling pathway. The released inflammatory cytokines from N11 in turn, damaged the tight junction in microvascular endothelial MVEC(B3) cells, increased permeability of endothelial barrier, and induced tau phosphorylation and up‐regulated caspase‐3 expression in mouse neuroblastoma Nuro2A cell lines, leading to neuroinflammation injury. In summary, this tri‐culture inflammation model mimics the microenvironment, the cellular crosstalk and the molecular events that take place during neuroinflammation. It provides a robust in vitro model for studying neuroinflammation mechanisms and screening for potential therapeutics to treat various neurodegenerative diseases.
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