bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pd‐Ru Alloy Nanocages with a Face‐Centered Cubic Structure and Their Enhanced Activity toward the Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol and Glycerol
Authors: Zhao Ming , Lyu Zhiheng , Xie Minghao , Hood Zachary D. , Cao Zhenming , Chi Miaofang , Xia Younan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article reports a facile method for the synthesis of Pd‐Ru nanocages by activating the galvanic replacement reaction between Pd nanocrystals and a Ru(III) precursor with I‐ ions. The as‐synthesized nanocages feature a hollow interior, ultrathin wall of ≈2.5 nm in thickness, and a cubic shape. Our quantitative study suggests that the reduction rate of the Ru(III) precursor can be substantially accelerated upon the introduction of I‐ ions and then retarded as the ratio of I‐/Ru3+ is increased. The Pd‐Ru nanocages take an alloy structure, with the Ru atoms in the nanocages crystallized in a face‐centered cubic structure instead of the hexagonal close‐packed phase taken by bulk Ru. Using Pd nanocubes with different edge lengths, the dimensions of the nanocages in the range of 6−18 nm can readily be tuned. When tested as catalysts toward the electro‐oxidation of ethylene glycol and glycerol, respectively, the Pd‐Ru cubic nanocages prepared from 18 nm Pd cubes exhibit 5.1‐ and 6.2‐fold enhancements in terms of mass activity relative to the commercial Pd/C. After 1000 cycles of accelerated durability test, the mass activities of the nanocages are still 3.3 and 3.7 times as high as that of the pristine commercial Pd/C catalyst, respectively.
Deep locality‐sensitive discriminative dictionary learning for semantic video analysis
Authors: Benuwa Ben‐Bright , Ghansah Benjamin , Ansah Ernest K. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryVideo semantic analysis (VSA) has received significant attention in the area of Machine Learning for some time now, particularly video surveillance applications with sparse representation and dictionary learning. Studies have shown that the duo has significantly impacted on the classification performance of video detection analysis. In VSA, the locality structure of video semantic data containing more discriminative information is very essential for classification. However, there has been modest feat by the current SR‐based approaches to fully utilize the discriminative information for high performance. Furthermore, similar coding outcomes are missing from current video features with the same video category. To handle these issues, we first propose an improved deep learning algorithm—locality deep convolutional neural network algorithm (LDCNN) to better extract salient features and obtain local information from semantic video. Second, we propose a novel DL method, called deep locality‐sensitive discriminative dictionary learning (DLSDDL) for VSA. In the proposed DLSDDL, a discriminant loss function for the video category based on sparse coding of sparse coefficients is introduced into the structure of the locality‐sensitive dictionary learning (LSDL) method. After solving the optimized dictionary, the sparse coefficients for the testing video feature samples are obtained, and then the classification result for video semantic is realized by reducing the error existing between the original and recreated samples. The experiment results show that the proposed DLSDDL technique considerably increases the efficiency of video semantic detection as against competing methods used in our experiment.
MOAManager: A tool to support data stream experiments
Authors: Maciel Bruno I. F. , Santos Silas G. T. C. , Barros Roberto S. M. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThis short communication describes Massive Online Analysis Manager Hypertext Preprocessor framework (MOAManager), an open‐source web tool that assists in the creation, execution, extraction, and formatting of experiments in online environments using the MOA framework. MOAManager also brings together a set of features for data analysis, including the calculation of metrics and statistical tests for performance evaluation. The purpose of the tool is to provide a structure that automates several repetitive experimental steps, helping the users to customize, run, and analyze the experiments quickly and reliably, enabling gains in productivity.
Using umbilical cord blood for regenerative therapy: Proof or promise?
Authors: Allan David S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The identification of nonhematopoietic progenitor cells in cord blood has spawned great interest in using cord blood cells for new indications in regenerative therapy. Many preclinical studies demonstrated improvement in reperfusion and markers of organ recovery using cord blood-derived cells in a range of animal models. Initial results heralded increasing clinical interest regarding the use of cord blood for regenerative therapy. Initial clinical studies were largely uncontrolled feasibility studies that were case series and reported on small numbers of patients. The emergence of controlled studies has been slower, although multiple controlled studies have been conducted in patients with cerebral palsy and type I diabetes. Heterogeneity in the cellular product, patients, study design, and the timing of outcome measurements remains barriers to meta-analysis and a clearer understanding of efficacy. Controlled studies of modest size have been reported for a range of additional conditions. The conduct of controlled clinical trials to evaluate potential new uses of cord blood for regenerative therapy remains essential. None of the indications studied to date can be regarded as proven. Moreover, consistency in outcome reporting in terms of the instruments used and the time points for assessment after therapy are needed, including longer follow-up of study participants. Frequent and careful evaluation of the evidence will allow cord blood banks, health care providers, and patients to assess potential new options in the use of cord blood for regenerative therapy.
Effects of mesenchymal stromal cells on regulatory T cells: Current understanding and clinical relevance
Authors: Negi Neema , Griffin Matthew D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The immunomodulatory potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (T-reg) is well recognized by translational scientists in the field of regenerative medicine and cellular therapies. A wide range of preclinical studies as well as a limited number of human clinical trials of MSC therapies have not only shown promising safety and efficacy profiles but have also revealed changes in T-reg frequency and function. However, the mechanisms underlying this potentially important observation are not well understood and, consequently, the optimal strategies for harnessing MSC/T-reg cross-talk remain elusive. Cell-to-cell contact, production of soluble factors, reprogramming of antigen presenting cells to tolerogenic phenotypes, and induction of extracellular vesicles (“exosomes”) have emerged as possible mechanisms by which MSCs produce an immune-modulatory milieu for T-reg expansion. Additionally, these two cell types have the potential to complement each other's immunoregulatory functions, and a combinatorial approach may exert synergistic effects for the treatment of immunological diseases. In this review, we critically assess recent translational research related to the outcomes and mechanistic basis of MSC effects on T-reg and provide a perspective on the potential for this knowledge base to be further exploited for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and transplants.
TRIB3 confers glioma cell stemness via interacting with β‐catenin
Authors: Lu Yunhe , Li Liangdong , Chen Lei , Gao Yang , Chen Xin , Cao Yiqun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHere, we aim to explore whether tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) enhances glioma cell stemness. TRIB3 was overexpressed in glioma tissues and cell‐formed spheres, positively correlated with the size and grade. Additionally, TRIB3 expression displayed a negative correlation with the overall survival rate of glioma patients. Moreover, TRIB3 knockdown reduced the stemness of nonadherent spheres, evident by the decreased sphere‐forming ability, stemness master expression, and ALDH1 activity, while TRIB3 overexpression enhanced the stemness of adherent cells, which was rescued by β‐catenin knockdown. Mechanistically, TRIB3 activated β‐catenin signaling via physically interacting with β‐catenin. This study suggests that the TRIB3‐β‐catenin interaction is responsible for glioma cell stemness.
Comparison of energy produced from waste by removing its different components: A case study of the waste landfill in Tehran
Authors: Gholizade Alireza , Asadollahfardi Gholamreza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn developing and populated cities such as Tehran, a massive amount of municipal solid waste (MSW), both wet and dry, is transferred to landfills daily. Combustion is one of the most common methods of using mixed waste energy from the past to the present. The Dulong formula is widely used to calculate the energy released from MSW combustion. According to the constituent components of Tehran MSW, removing food waste leads to an increase in energy potential, which will be a suitable condition for energy production. In this work, the energy derived from the combustion of mixed and separated dry MSW generated in Tehran was calculated using the experimental Dulong formula and tables in Integrated Solid Waste Management (Tchobanoglous et al. 1993, McGraw‐Hill). The Dulong formula indicates that the use of Tehran mixed MSW (without separating materials for recycling) as a fuel source yields 8,966.40 KJ/kg while the use of Tchobanoglous et al. (1993) tables can generate 8,236 kJ/kg. By removing food waste and recyclable materials, the potential of energy production changes to 22,047 kJ/kg using the Dulong formula and 16,207 kJ/kg and the Tchobanoglous et al. (1993) tables. It indicates increase by 1.46 times and 46%, respectively. Regarding the 200‐ton capacity of the Tehran waste incinerator, the Dulong formula indicated generation of 4,409 MJ/day energy, and the Tchobanoglous et al. table presents 3,241 MJ/day. Therefore, considering that Tehran generates more than 4,000 tons of reject waste daily, it can easily be converted to energy rather than landfilled. This can alleviate the problem of buying land and construction of landfills and leachate generation.
Analyzing Markov chain Monte Carlo output
Authors: Vats Dootika , Robertson Nathan , Flegal James M. , Jones Galin L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMarkov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a sampling‐based method for estimating features of probability distributions. MCMC methods produce a serially correlated, yet representative, sample from the desired distribution. As such it can be difficult to assess when the MCMC method is producing reliable results. We present some fundamental methods for ensuring a reliable simulation experiment. In particular, we present a workflow for output analysis in MCMC providing estimators, approximate sampling distributions, stopping rules, and visualization tools.This article is categorized under:Statistical Models > Bayesian ModelsStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Monte Carlo Methods
Optimizing Selection of Brown Bear Hair for Noninvasive Genetic Analysis
Authors: Wirsing Aaron J. , Quinn Thomas P. , Adams Jennifer R. , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTMany wildlife studies use noninvasive survey methods such as barbed wire to obtain hair samples for DNA analysis. If laboratory costs preclude processing all samples, it may be important to know a priori which samples are most likely to yield useful DNA. It may also be helpful to know whether apparently poor‐quality samples will yield useable DNA, and so be worth the time and cost of processing. To help resolve this issue, we initiated a field classification system for hair from brown bears (Ursus arctos) obtained using unbaited wires deployed across 6 streams in western Alaska, USA, where bears travel and feed on adult Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Averaged over 4 years (2014–2017), amplification success ranged from 89% for samples categorized in the field as being of highest quality, based on volume of hairs, to 37% for single or double strands of hair. Moreover, DNA analysis of poor‐quality samples markedly increased the numbers of individual bears detected, and those detected multiple times—important data for genetic capture–mark–recapture abundance estimates. Thus, field classification can help cut costs and streamline laboratory analyses when hair samples are abundant. Yet, even apparently poor‐quality samples are likely worth processing if they are the only ones representing a site, date, or other sampling stratum, hair capture devices are checked infrequently, or laboratory costs are not limiting. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Exact elastoplastic analysis of a rotating cylinder with a rigid inclusion under mechanical loading and unloading
Authors: Prokudin A. N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn elastoplastic rotating cylinder with a rigid inclusion under plane strain condition is investigated. The analysis is based on infinitesimal strain theory, Tresca's yield condition, and its associated flow rule and perfectly plastic material behavior. Both loading and unloading are considered. It is established that secondary plastic flow may occur during unloading after a previous rotation, and the exact solutions for all stages of deformation are obtained. The results are illustrated by the distributions of the displacement, stress and plastic strain in a cylinder rotating at different speeds.
Models in the Cloud: Exploring Next Generation Environmental Software Systems
Authors: Simm Will , Blair Gordon , Bassett Richard , Samreen Faiza , Young Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
There is growing interest in the application of the latest trends in computing and data science methods to improve environmental science. However we found the penetration of best practice from computing domains such as software engineering and cloud computing into supporting every day environmental science to be poor. We take from this work a real need to re-evaluate the complexity of software tools and bring these to the right level of abstraction for environmental scientists to be able to leverage the latest developments in computing. In the Models in the Cloud project, we look at the role of model driven engineering, software frameworks and cloud computing in achieving this abstraction. As a case study we deployed a complex weather model to the cloud and developed a collaborative notebook interface for orchestrating the deployment and analysis of results. We navigate relatively poor support for complex high performance computing in the cloud to develop abstractions from complexity in cloud deployment and model configuration. We found great potential in cloud computing to transform science by enabling models to leverage elastic, flexible computing infrastructure and support new ways to deliver collaborative and open science.
Evolutionary variational–hemivariational inequalities with applications to dynamic viscoelastic contact mechanics
Authors: Han Jiangfeng , Lu Liang , Zeng Shengda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to introduce and investigate a complicated variational–hemivariational inequality of parabolic type with history-dependent operators. First, we establish an existence and uniqueness theorem for a first-order nonlinear evolution inclusion problem, which is driven by a convex subdifferential operator for a proper convex function and a generalized Clarke subdifferential operator for a locally Lipschitz superpotential. Then, we employ the fixed point principle for history-dependent operators to deliver the unique solvability of the parabolic variational–hemivariational inequality. Finally, a dynamic viscoelastic contact problem with the nonlinear constitutive law involving a convex subdifferential inclusion is considered as an illustrative application, where normal contact and friction are described, respectively, by two nonconvex and nonsmooth multi-valued terms.
Processing of poly-l-lactide and poly(l-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) blends by fused filament fabrication and fused granulate fabrication using RepRap 3D printer
Authors: Marchewka Jakub , Laska Jadwiga 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe application of 3D printing by fused deposition modeling (FDM) and the low-cost RepRap 3D printer for the processing of poly-l-lactide (PLLA) and poly(l-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLLATMC) blends was examined. Two blends with different mechanical properties were selected and the general scheme of their processing was proposed. For 80:20 PLLA:PLLATMC blend, fused filament fabrication (FFF) and the standard configuration of 3D printer were used, whereas for 30:70 PLLA:PLLATMC, the device was modified based on custom project for the application of fused granulate fabrication (FGF). The properties of the blends and their changes during the processing were analyzed by rheological measurements and size exclusion chromatography. Selected parameters of the printing process were optimized and their influence on the quality of the product was discussed. Both methods were used for the preparation of the scaffolds with different previously designed structures. The geometry of the scaffolds was characterized in relation to the parameters of the printing process, and base on this, the accuracy and precision of FFF and FGF methods were evaluated.
Measuring aesthetic results after facial skin cancer surgery by means of the FACE-Q
Authors: Kant SB , Mosterd K , Kelleners-Smeets NWJ , Van der Hulst RRWJ , Piatkowski A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Skin cancer is the most commonly occurring type of cancer. However, the influence of facial skin cancer surgery on patients’ perceived aesthetic appearance is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to provide an insight into how patients perceive the aesthetic outcome of facial skin cancer surgery by means of a specialised patient-reported outcome measure designed for the aesthetic evaluation of the face: the FACE-Q.

Methods
A total of 47 patients with non-melanoma skin cancer who were scheduled for Mohs’s micrographic surgery (MMS) or standard surgical excision (SE) were included. These patients filled out three different FACE-Q questionnaires: satisfaction with facial appearance, social function, and satisfaction with outcome. Follow-up was conducted after baseline at 1 month and 3 months post-surgery.

Results
No significant differences were detected between baseline and follow-up regarding social function and satisfaction with facial appearance. However, after 3 months, patients were significantly more satisfied with the result of surgery when compared with the 1-month post-surgery follow-up.

Conclusions
The perceived aesthetic appreciation of patients does not seem to be significantly influenced by facial skin cancer SE or MMS surgery in this 3-month follow-up study.
Level of evidence: Not ratable.
Quantitative landscape reconstruction and erosion history during the past 1,100 years in the Skogaryd Research Catchment, southern Sweden
Authors: Yang Bingjie , Nielsen Anne Birgitte , Ljung Karl , Fahlgren Elise , Hormes Anne , Hammarlund Dan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA sediment sequence from a small forest lake in southwestern Sweden was investigated to explore the effects of forestry and land-use on catchment erosion and delivery of organic and minerogenic matter to the lake. Catchment-scale vegetation changes during the last 1,100 years were reconstructed quantitatively at 50-year resolution using pollen analysis and the Landscape reconstruction algorithm (LRA). Variations in terrestrial organic matter input to lake sediments were assessed by total organic carbon (TOC) content and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios. Changes in minerogenic matter were analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning. The results show that Skogaryd was not intensively used for agriculture throughout the past 1,100 years, but its land-use changes were very sensitive to societal changes. Between ca.ad950 and 1350, local land-use was characterized by small-scale agricultural activities associated with the Medieval expansion, and enhanced soil erosion was recorded by increased K, Ti and Rb deposition. Aroundad1350 much of the farmland was abandoned, most likely in response to outbreaks of plague. The abandonment of farmland caused increased coniferous woodland cover and lower soil erosion. From the 16th century land-use expanded and gradually intensified, concurrent with a population increase documented in the study area between ca.ad1600 and 1850. Intensive exploitation of the forest led to soil erosion and increased terrestrial organic and minerogenic matter export to the lake. These processes peaked with the artificial drainage of a nearby wetland for agricultural purposes. During the 20th century, modern forestry management started with the plantation of conifers, and soil erosion declined.
Convergence of U-processes in Hölder spaces with application to robust detection of a changed segment
Authors: Račkauskas Alfredas , Wendler Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo detect a changed segment (so called epidemic changes) in a time series, variants of the CUSUM statistic are frequently used. However, they are sensitive to outliers in the data and do not perform well for heavy tailed data, especially when short segments get a high weight in the test statistic. We will present a robust test statistic for epidemic changes based on the Wilcoxon statistic. To study their asymptotic behavior, we prove functional limit theorems for U-processes in Hölder spaces. We also study the finite sample behavior via simulations and apply the statistic to a real data example.