bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for planning and conducting high-quality research and testing on animals
Authors: Smith Adrian J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere are important scientific, legal and ethical reasons for optimising the quality of animal research and testing. Concerns about the reproducibility and translatability of animal studies are now being voiced not only by those opposed to animal use, but also by scientists themselves.Many of the attempts to improve reproducibility have, until recently, focused on ways in which the reporting of animal studies can be improved. Many reporting guidelines have been written. Better reporting cannot, however, improve the quality of work that has already been carried out - for this purpose better planning is required.Planning animal studies should involve close collaboration with the animal facility where the work is to be performed, from as early a stage as possible. In this way, weaknesses in the protocol will be detected and changes can be made before it is too late. Improved planning must focus on more than the “mathematical” elements of experimental design such as randomisation, blinding and statistical methods. This should include focus on practical details such as the standard of the facility, any need for education and training, and all the factors which can improve animal welfare.The PREPARE (Planning Research and Experimental Procedures on Animals: Recommendations for Excellence) checklist was developed to help scientists be more aware of all the issues which may affect their experiments. The checklist is supported by comprehensive webpages containing more information, with links to the latest resources that have been developed for each topic on the list.
Antithymocyte Globulin for Matched Sibling Donor Transplantation in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Chang Ying-Jun , Wu De-Pei , Lai Yong-Rong , Liu Qi-Fa , Sun Yu-Qian , Hu Jiong , Hu Yu , Zhou Jian-Feng , Li Juan , Wang Shun-Qing , Li Wei , Du Xin , Lin Dong-Jun , Ren Han-Yun , Chen Fang-Pin , Li Yu-Hua , Zhang Xi , Huang He , Song Yong-Ping , Jiang Ming , Hu Jian-Da , Liang Ying-Min , Wang Jing-Bo , Xiao Yang , Huang Xiao-Jun 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE The role of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in preventing acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after HLA-matched sibling donor transplantation (MSDT) is still controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial (RCT) across 23 transplantation centers in China. Patients ages 40-60 years with standard-risk hematologic malignancies with an HLA-matched sibling donor were randomly assigned to an ATG group (4.5 mg/kg thymoglobulin plus cyclosporine [CsA], methotrexate [MTX], and mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]) and a control group (CsA, MTX, and MMF). The primary end point of this study was grade 2-4 aGVHD on day 100. RESULTS From November 2013 to April 2018, 263 patients were enrolled. The cumulative incidence rate of grade 2-4 aGVHD was significantly reduced in the ATG group (13.7%; 95% CI, 7.8% to 19.6%) compared with the control group (27.0%; 95% CI, 19.3% to 34.7%; P = .007). The ATG group had significantly lower incidences of 2-year overall chronic GVHD (27.9% [95% CI, 20.1% to 35.7%] v 52.5% [95% CI, 43.8% to 61.2%]; P < .001) and 2-year extensive chronic GVHD (8.5% [95% CI, 3.7% to 13.3%] v 23.2% [95% CI, 15.9% to 30.5%]; P = .029) than the control group. There were no differences between the ATG and control groups with regard to cytomegalovirus reactivation, Epstein-Barr virus reactivation, 3-year nonrelapse mortality (NRM), 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), 3-year overall survival, or 3-year leukemia-free survival. Three-year GVHD relapse-free survival was significantly improved in the ATG group (38.7%; 95% CI, 29.9% to 47.5%) compared with the control group (24.5%; 95% CI, 16.9% to 32.1%; P = .003). CONCLUSION Our study is the first prospective RCT in our knowledge to demonstrate that ATG can effectively decrease the incidence of aGVHD after MSDT in the CsA era without affecting the CIR or NRM.
Factors that influence the retention of social volunteers in health: a comparison between the literature and the perception of volunteers
Authors: Braz Raquel pavan , Lima Gilson Brito Alves 
Published: July 2020

Goal: The main objective is to identify the factors that influence the retention of social volunteers in the health area, supported by a comparison between a systematic literature review and the perception of a focus group of volunteers.
Design / Methodology / Approach: Word maps have been developed to compare data obtained from the literature review and the perceptions acquired in a focus group.
Results: the main findings of the research indicate that the factors that influence the retention of social volunteers in the health area need a more comprehensive and systematic investigation, avoiding that any subject or dimension of analysis is not addressed when trying to evaluate the reasons that influence the permanence in volunteer programs. It was also possible to detect some subjective contexts that may influence the volunteers' behavior and decisions.
Limitations of the investigation: The main limitation of the study is the difficulty in generalizing the findings, considering the use of the focus group, which, because it represents a small number of individuals, may not reproduce common sense.
Practical implications: This study seeks to collaborate with future research using a methodology that allows us to evaluate whether what has been questioned in research instruments is close to the reality presented by the context.
Originality/Value: The novelty concerns in the use of world maps to compare the perceptions of the literature findings with the results of a focus group analysis. This paper seeks to contribute to a new look on the qualitative treatment approach of data obtained in research in this area.
The design and manufacture of atmospheric plasma jet surgical handpiece
Authors: Bagheri Hamed , Reiazi Reza , Kasaie Mohammad , Mootabian Hosein 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Atmospheric plasma jet has different medical applications due to its low temperature at room temperature. In recent years, the effect of nonthermal plasmas on cancer cells has been studied, and it has been shown that this type of plasma has anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells.

Objectives
To design a plasma jet handpiece, which can be used in cutting operations in less bleeding surgery, eliminating cancer cells without damage to healthy cells and reducing the duration of wound healing.

Methods
The plasma handpiece simply consists of a nozzle body and two cathode and anode electrodes and a fully insulated body against heat and high voltage. Argon is introduced into the handpiece, and by plasma treatment, it is used for special purposes. Each piece was made according to its own manufacturing process and by assembling; the final product of the atmospheric plasma jet handpiece was ready for testing. The jet pipeline was then tested, and the effective parameters were examined.

Results
The cold atmospheric plasma jet length depends on factors such as power supply, applied voltage, gas flow rate and the distance between the electrodes. The results showed with increasing velocity, the flame and jet lengths decreased greatly due to high losses of plasma, including ions and electrons. Also with increasing the velocity of argon gas, its concentration decreased.

Conclusions
It is concluded that the performance of the proposed design is successful. The advantages include low-cost manufacturing, highly stable performance, and low erosion and can be considered for future development.
Impact of Moisture and Speed of Threshers on Efficiency of Crushing of Lupine Seeds
Authors: Gawłowski Sławomir , Kulig Ryszard , Łysiak Grzegorz , Kadhim Al Aridhee Jawad , Adam Zdybel , Hyła Paweł 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The objective of the paper was to determine the impact of moisture and rotational speed of threshers on the process of crushing of lupine seeds. Raw material was led to four levels of moisture from 8 to 14% every 2%. The studies were carried out on the laboratory hammer mill with the use of variable speeds of mill hammers within 5500-7000 rot∙min−1. The studies that were carried out proved significant relations (p<0.05) between the analysed process variables and energy consumption and susceptibility of seeds to crushing. It was stated that along with the increase of the rotational speed, a reduction in the drop of the average dimension of particles of mill takes place. Along with the increase of moisture of lupine from 8 to 14% a unit energy of crushing increases on average by approx. 83%. It was proved that the susceptibility ratio of seeds to crushing increases along with the increase of raw material moisture. Such relations were determined for all investigated rotational speeds of hammers.
Benachteiligt der Open Access-Publikationsfonds der DFG die Geisteswissenschaften?
Authors: Regener Ralf , Wolff Ian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Der Beitrag versucht eine Reflexion über Kritikpunkte, die seitens der Geisteswissenschaften in Bezug auf Open Access-Fördermöglichkeiten geäußert wurden. Tendenzen werden einerseits über lokale Daten der UB Magdeburg, andererseits über allgemeine Bedingungen beschrieben, um schlussendlich mögliche Lösungsansätze zu verhandeln.
Complementarities between Labour Market Institutions and their Causal Impact on Youth Labour Market Outcomes
Authors: O’Higgins Niall , Pica Giovanni 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We analyse theoretically and empirically the effects on young people’s labour market outcomes of two specific labour market institutions and their interaction: employment protection legislation and active labour market policy. The paper examines recent policy reforms in Italy focussing on the impact of the 2012 Fornero reforms of employment protection legislation as well as the initial impact of the EU-wide Youth Guarantee scheme introduced in Italy in March 2014. The paper then examines how these two policy reforms interacted. The analysis first confirms the finding that the Fornero reform increased permanent hires particularly amongst the very youngest workers; it then goes on to find that the YG was indeed successful in increasing the hires of young people, although this operated through a statistically significant increase in female hires on temporary contracts. Third, it finds some evidence of a dampening effect of the YG on EPL reforms as predicted by theory.
Do genetic polymorphisms in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene play a role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Lavie Carl J. , Henry Brandon M. , Sanchis-Gomar Fabian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Although some demographic, clinical and environmental factors have been associated with a higher risk of developing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and progressing towards severe disease, altogether these variables do not completely account for the different clinical presentations observed in patients with comparable baseline risk, whereby some subjects may remain totally asymptomatic, whilst others develop a very aggressive illness. Some predisposing genetic backgrounds can hence potentially explain the broad inter-individual variation of disease susceptibility and/or severity. It has been now clearly established that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing COVID-19, infects the host cell through biding and being internalized with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a surface protein expressed in a noticeable number of human cells, especially in those of upper and lower respiratory tracts, heart, kidney, testis, adipose tissue, gastrointestinal system and in lymphocytes. Accumulating evidence now suggests that genetic polymorphisms in the ACE2 gene may modulate intermolecular interactions with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and/or contribute to pulmonary and systemic injury by fostering vasoconstriction, inflammation, oxidation and fibrosis. We hence argue that the development of genetic tests aimed at specifically identifying specific COVID-19-susceptible or -protective ACE2 variants in the general population may be a reasonable strategy for stratifying the risk of infection and/or unfavorable disease progression.
Creativity, reuse, and regularity in music and language
Authors: Trousdale Graeme 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA recent strand in research in historical linguistics has argued that language change often involves constructional routinization (e.g., Traugott and Trousdale 2013), while recent psycholinguistic work has also suggested parallels between alignment, routinization, and change (Garrod and Pickering 2013) — such routines have been shown to emerge in conversational flow as a product of interaction between speakers and hearers. Similar claims have been made for the development of musical routines in improvisation: much improvisational work involves the use of prefabricated routines (Torrance and Schumann 2018). This article seeks to contribute to the debate on creativity by providing an analysis of some of the similarities and differences between musical and linguistic conventions, including a comparison of creative improvisation in music and innovation in language. The discussion is couched in a cognitive linguistic framework with a particular focus on linguistic constructions (see the overview in Hoffmann and Trousdale 2013) and a reflection of how this might be extended to consider aspects of the cognitive representation of musical structures.
Criminal Community Detection Based on Isomorphic Subgraph Analytics
Authors: Sangkaran Theyvaa , Abdullah Azween , Jhanjhi NZ 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAll highly centralised enterprises run by criminals do share similar traits, which, if recognised, can help in the criminal investigative process. While conducting a complex confederacy investigation, law enforcement agents should not only identify the key participants but also be able to grasp the nature of the inter-connections between the criminals to understand and determine the modus operandi of an illicit operation. We studied community detection in criminal networks using the graph theory and formally introduced an algorithm that opens a new perspective of community detection compared to the traditional methods used to model the relations between objects. Community structure, generally described as densely connected nodes and similar patterns of links is an important property of complex networks. Our method differs from the traditional method by allowing law enforcement agencies to be able to compare the detected communities and thereby be able to assume a different viewpoint of the criminal network, as presented in the paper we have compared our algorithm to the well-known Girvan-Newman. We consider this method as an alternative or an addition to the traditional community detection methods mentioned earlier, as the proposed algorithm allows, and will assists in, the detection of different patterns and structures of the same community for enforcement agencies and researches. This methodology on community detection has not been extensively researched. Hence, we have identified it as a research gap in this domain and decided to develop a new method of criminal community detection.
A strong convergence theorem for a zero of the sum of a finite family of maximally monotone mappings
Authors: Wega Getahun B. , Zegeye Habtu , Boikanyo Oganeditse A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to study the method of approximation for zeros of the sum of a finite family of maximally monotone mappings and prove strong convergence of the proposed approximation method under suitable conditions. The method of proof is of independent interest. In addition, we give some applications to the minimization problems and provide a numerical example which supports our main result. Our theorems improve and unify most of the results that have been proved for this important class of nonlinear mappings.
The optimal diagnostic methods for COVID-19
Authors: Harahwa Tinotenda A. , Lai Yau Thomas Ho , Lim-Cooke Mae-Sing , Al-Haddi Salah , Zeinah Mohamed , Harky Amer 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As the world continues to study and understand coronavirus disease (COVID-19), existing investigations and tests have been used to try and detect the virus to slow viral transmission and its global spread. A ‘gold-standard’ investigation has not yet been identified for detection and monitoring. Initially, computed tomography (CT) was the mainstay investigation as it shows the disease severity and recovery, and its images change at different stages of the disease. However, CT has been found to have limited sensitivity and negative predictive value in the early stages of the disease, and the value of its use has come under debate due to whether its images change the treatment plan, the risk of radiation, as well as its practicality with infection control. Therefore, there has been a shift to the use of other imaging modalities and tests, such as chest X-rays and ultrasound. Furthermore, the use of nucleic acid-based testing such as reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have proven useful with direct confirmation of COVID-19 infection. In this study, we aim to review and analyse current literature to compare RT-PCR, immunological biomarkers, chest radiographs, ultrasound and chest CT scanning as methods of diagnosing COVID-19.
Assessment of technical risk in maintenance and improvement of a manufacturing process
Authors: Kozień Ewa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Contemporary production companies operate in a dynamically changing environment and try to strengthen their competitive position. Therefore they take action acting at implementing new ones as well as improving and maintaining existing production processes, using for this purpose knowledge and available tools and methods. For dominant activities undertaken in the scope of improving and maintaining production the pro-quality activities can be included. Quality mainly depends on the efficiency of production processes, therefore manufacturing companies should focus their activities on maintaining and improving them. The methods of technical risk analysis and assessment are effective methods of maintaining production processes, whose application makes it possible to indicate any deviations from accepted standards. Analysis and assessment of the technical risk of the production process makes it possible not only to indicate non-conformities identified in the process, but mainly taking corrective actions. The aim of the article is to formulate of the method used to identify and assessment of the technical risk of the cutting process on the organizational side. The method has qualitative-quantitative type, and is the effective tools for technical risk assessment necessary to maintain the production process. It is assumed that the quality of the cutting process is ensured by the technical condition of the machine.
Crystal transition and thermal behavior of Nylon 12
Authors: Ma Ning , Liu Wentao , Ma Lili , He Suqin , Liu Hao , Zhang Zhenya , Sun Aihua , Huang Miaoming , Zhu Chengshen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The polyamide 12 (PA12) with different crystal forms is prepared with three crystallization paths. The crystal structures and corresponding thermal properties are systematically investigated. The results reveal that an α-form and a mixed (α + γ)-form of PA12 can be obtained by casting at 30°C and (40–80°C), respectively. Meanwhile, the γ-form of PA12 can be obtained by both casting at 90°C and slow melt cooling. However, the γ′-form is obtained only by melt quenching. Both the γ and γ′ forms of PA12 exhibit a single melting peak, whereas the α-form exhibits two melting peaks. The higher peak is attributed to the melting of γ-PA12, which originates from the melting–recrystallization of the α-PA12. It is found that the tensile properties of PA12 depend on the crystal forms. Both the γ and γ′-PA12 are strong and tough polymer materials, while α-PA12 is a strong but brittle polymer material.
Can Meta-Stereotyping Account for Unwarranted Negative Reception of the UK TV Documentary “The Romanians are Coming”?
Authors: Nadolu Delia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In February 2015 the UK TV station Channel 4 started screening James Bluemel’s series “The Romanians Are Coming”, a three-part documentary film about “the lives of poor Romanian people who seek work in Great Britain, seen through the eyes of the British people”. This documentary provoked strong opposition from some Romanian politicians and mass media outlets. In the UK the reaction was a contrasting one: sympathy, understanding and compassion. We showed the series to three Romanian university classes in 2017-18 and the students largely had a negative reaction similar to that of those Romanian commentators. A standard content analysis of the film, however, suggests that it gives a positive image of Romanian immigrants in the UK. Despite this, our audiences tended to form a negative perception of the film. We attribute this disparity to the wording of its title activating two classical stereotypes: that Romanians are often Roma, and that poor people are a source of social problems. The film as a whole in fact projects an opposite message, but once these stereotypes have been activated the content is automatically perceived as negative.
Zur Motivik des Märchenhaften im Werk von Tankred Dorst
Authors: Kamińska-Ossowska Ewelina 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht Tankred Dorsts Umgang mit Märchenhaftem. Im Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit stehen folgende Aspekte: Dorsts Erwägungen über Marionetten und Marionettentheater; Stoffe, Motive und Figuren, die Dorst bekannten Märchen direkt entlehnt hat; die Verbindung der Artus-Welt-Mythen und -Figuren mit märchenhaften Elementen; Kindertheaterstücke. Dorsts Texte sind Variationen auf alte Geschichten. In Sinn- und Rätselbildern spiegeln sich die Grundmuster menschlichen Verhaltens und existentielle Wahrheiten wider. Ziel des Beitrags ist, die Rolle und Umsetzung des Märchenhaften sowie dessen Bezug zur gegenwärtigen Wirklichkeit in Dorsts Werken herauszuarbeiten.
Engagement im Feld der Wohlfahrt zwischen Resonanz und Widerspruch
Authors: Kewes Andreas , Munsch Chantal 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungAuf der Grundlage von narrativen Interviews mit Personen, die ein Engagement in einem Wohlfahrtsverband abgebrochen haben, wird ein Spannungsfeld aus bindenden und abstoßenden Erfahrungen im bürgerschaftlichen Engagement diskutiert. Das Feld der Wohlfahrtspflege ermöglicht einerseits innigliche zwischenmenschliche Erfahrungen und ist andererseits durch Ökonomisierung geprägt. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse wird eine Heuristik zum Verständnis von Engagementprozessen vorgestellt, die auf feldspezifische Erfahrungen sowie auf Spannungsverhältnisse fokussiert.
Die Klimakrise ist ein medizinischer Notfall!
Authors: Herrmann Martin 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Klimakrise ist die größte Bedrohung für die Gesundheit in unserem Jahrhundert. Sie gefährdet nicht nur akut Menschen – zum Beispiel mit Hitzewellen, einer Ausweitung der Pollensaison oder dem Vordringen bisher in unseren Breitengraden unbekannter Krankheitserreger. Der Klimawandel zerstört langfristig die Lebensgrundlagen auf diesem Planeten, für alle Lebewesen (planetary health). Die Deutsche Allianz für Klimawandel und Gesundheit e.V. ist ein Zusammenschluss von Akteuren aus Gesundheitsberufen, die sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, die gesundheitlichen Folgen des Klimawandels nicht nur innerhalb des Gesundheitssystems, sondern auch in der Öffentlichkeit deutlich zu machen. Gleichzeitig fordert sie zum Handeln auf und betont die wichtige Rolle der Gesundheitsberufe, um die notwendige Transformation auf den Weg zu bringen.