bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The perceived influence of the one-on-one instrumental learning environment on tertiary string students’ perceptions of their own playing-related discomfort/pain
Authors: Waters Megan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article draws on qualitative data collected over a five-year period as part of a longitudinal mixed methods research project at a tertiary music institution in Australia. Forty tertiary string students consistently identified factors specific to the one-on-one instrumental teaching environment as influencing their perceptions as to the nature and causes of their playing-related discomfort pain. Student perceptions of individual teacher’s attitudes to pain and injury, experiences with regards to asking and receiving advice and the perceived influence of the first instrumental teacher are discussed using six examples. The paper concludes with several recommendations for instrumental music teachers and music institutions.
Coxiella burnetiiinfection in humans: to what extent do cattle in infected areas free from small ruminants play a role?
Authors: Pouquet M. , Bareille N. , Guatteo R. , Moret L. , Beaudeau F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDomestic ruminants (cattle, goats and sheep) are considered to be the main reservoirs for humanCoxiella burnetiiinfection. However, there is still a need to assess the specific contribution of cattle. Indeed, most seroprevalence studies in humans were carried out in areas comprising both cattle and small ruminants, the latter being systematically implicated in human Q fever outbreaks. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study in areas whereC. burnetiiinfection in cattle was endemic, where the density of cattle and small ruminant farms were respectively high and very low. The aim was to estimate the seroprevalence rates among two occupational (cattle farmers and livestock veterinarians), and one non-occupational (general adult population) risk groups. Sera were collected in 176 cattle farmers, 45 veterinarians and 347 blood donors, and tested for phase I and II antibodies using immunofluorescence assay. Seroprevalence rates were 56.3% among cattle farmers, 88.9% among veterinarians and 12.7% among blood donors. This suggests that a specific risk for acquiringC. burnetiiinfection from cattle in endemically infected areas exists, mainly for occupational risk groups, but also for the general population. Further research is needed to identify risk factors forC. burnetiiinfection in humans in such areas.
Multiple myocardial bridges causing severe ischaemia in adolescent with pulmonary stenosis
Authors: Apostolopoulou Sotiria C. , Vagenakis George A. , Sbarouni Eftihia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMyocardial bridges are often asymptomatic but may need therapy when causing ischaemia. They have rarely been reported in children or in association with CHD, where symptomatology may be mistakenly attributed to the CHD. We report a case of multiple myocardial bridges causing ischaemia in an adolescent with pulmonary stenosis and discuss management.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in children
Authors: Sendi Prithvi , Martinez Paul , Chegondi Madhuradhar , Totapally Balagangadhar R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore the epidemiology and outcomes of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization 2012 and 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database was performed. Patients admitted with the diagnosis of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in the age group of 1 month–20 years were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 code 429.83 and ICD-10 code I51.81.Results:Among a total of 4,860,859 discharges, there were 153 with the diagnosis of takotsubo cardiomyopathy (3.1 per 100,000 discharges). Among patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy, 55.0% were male, 62.4% were white, and 16.7% were black. Eighty-nine percent of patients were between 12 and 20 years. Psychiatric diagnosis was documented in 46% and substance use disorder in 36.2%. Sepsis was documented in 22.8% of patients. The median length of stay was 5 days (interquartile range: 2.7–15), and median total charges were $75,080 (interquartile range: 32,176–198,336). The overall mortality for takotsubo cardiomyopathy was 7%. On multivariable regression analysis, mortality was higher in the presence of anoxic injury (odds ratio = 34.42, 95% confidence interval: 4.85–320.11, p = 0.00).Conclusions:Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is uncommon in children and carries a mortality rate of 7%. Most children with takotsubo cardiomyopathy are adolescent males, many of whom have psychiatric disorder or substance use disorder or both. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients who present with cardiac dysfunction and have underlying psychiatric disorders or drug abuse.
Successful coil embolisation for an arterio-bronchial fistula in a child presenting catastrophic haemoptysis
Authors: Matsuoka Ryohei , Muneuchi Jun , Sugitani Yuichiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 2-year-old girl who developed catastrophic haemoptysis due to an arterio-bronchial fistula after transcatheter balloon dilatation for a narrowing aortopulmonary shunt. We embolised the fistula while haemoptysis was controlled with the left bronchial block ventilation and haemostatic balloon occlusion of the left subclavian artery. An arterio-bronchial fistula is an extremely rare complication for balloon dilatation of an aortopulmonary shunt.
FAST Performance in a Stationary versus In-Motion Military Ambulance Utilizing Handheld Ultrasound: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Simmons Cecil J. , Mack Lisa D. , Cronin Aaron J. , Monti Jonathan D. , Perreault Michael D. , Ahern Brian J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:On-scene prehospital conditions and patient instability may warrant a during-transport ultrasound (US) exam. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ambulance turbulence on the performance of the Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) with a handheld US device.Methods:This was a randomized controlled trial in which participants were randomized to perform a FAST in either a stationary or an in-motion military ambulance. Participants were physicians and physician assistants (PAs) with previous FAST training. All exams were performed on an US phantom model. The primary outcome was FAST completion time, reported as a mean, in seconds. Secondary outcomes included image acquisition score (range of 0-24, reported as a mean), diagnostic accuracy (reported as sensitivity and specificity), and a post-participation survey with five-item Likert-type scales.Results:Twenty-seven participants performed 27 FASTs, 14 in the stationary ambulance and 13 in the in-motion ambulance. All participants obtained the four requisite views of the FAST. A significant difference was detected in image acquisition scores in favor of the stationary ambulance group (19.4 versus 16.7 [95% CI for difference, 0.9-4.4]; P <.01). Significant differences in survey items between groups were related to obtaining and maintaining US images and the exam conditions. There was not a difference in FAST completion time between groups (98.5 seconds versus 78.7 seconds [95% CI for difference, -13.5 seconds to 53.1 seconds]; P = .23). Sensitivity and specificity of FAST in the stationary ambulance was 85.7% (95% CI, 67.3%-96.0%) and 96.4% (95% CI, 81.7%-99.9%) versus 96.2% (95% CI, 80.4%-99.9%) and 100.0% (95% CI, 86.8%-100.0%) in the in-motion ambulance group (P = .21).Conclusion:Vehicular motion did not affect FAST completion time and diagnostic accuracy; however, it did reduce FAST image acquisition scores. The results suggest timely and diagnostically accurate FASTs may be completed by experienced sonographers during moderate levels of ambulance turbulence. Further investigation assessing the utility and limitations of newer handheld US devices in various prehospital conditions is warranted.
Teaching the Military and Revolutions: Simulating Civil–Military Relations during Mass Uprisings
Authors: Harkness Kristen A. , DeVore Marc R. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTDuring revolutions, strategic interactions among civilian policy makers, armed forces, and opposition groups shape political outcomes—most important, whether a regime stands or falls. Students from advanced industrial democracies frequently find these dynamics counterintuitive, even after completing readings and engaging in traditional instruction methods. We therefore sought to improve pedagogical outcomes by designing a simulation based on scenarios similar to those witnessed during the Arab Spring and Ukraine’s Euromaidan Revolution. We divided students into four teams representing the regime, the armed forces, and two distinct groups of anti-regime dissidents. Rules were designed to incorporate the best recent scholarship on each category of actors’ behavior, such as the probability of military units defecting to protesters and the ability of riot police to repress urban uprisings. By forcing student teams to make decisions under time pressure, we obliged them to wrestle with the uncertainties and fears of betrayal inherent in complex civil–military emergencies.
Low-intensity sleep intervention in a youth mental health service: a case series analysis
Authors: Rollinson Rebecca , Price Isabel , Gee Brioney , Lyons Jonathan , Carroll Ben , Wilson Jonathan , Clarke Tim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:There is increasing evidence of a strong association between sleep and mental health in both adolescents and adults. CBT for insomnia is being applied to good effect with adults with mental health difficulties but there are few studies examining its applicability to adolescents within mental health services.Method:We carried out a case series analysis (n = 15) looking at the feasibility, accessibility and impact of a low-intensity sleep intervention for young people (14–25 years) being seen by a secondary care Youth Mental Health team in the UK. The intervention was based on cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBTi) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) approaches and involved six individual sessions delivered on a weekly basis by a graduate psychologist. Routine outcome measures were used to monitor insomnia, psychological distress and functioning with assessments at baseline, session 3, session 6 and at 4 weeks after end of intervention. All participants scored in the clinical range for insomnia at the start of the study.Results:High uptake, attendance and measure completion rates were observed. Large effect sizes were observed for insomnia, psychological distress and functioning. Twelve of the fifteen participants (80%) no longer scored above threshold for insomnia at follow-up. All seven under-18s no longer met threshold for clinical ‘caseness’ on the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) at follow-up.Discussion:The findings suggest that the intervention was well accepted by young people and feasible to apply within a secondary care setting. Strong effect sizes are encouraging but are probably inflated by the small sample size, uncontrolled design and unblinded assessments.
Power considerations in bilingualism research: Time to step up our game
Authors: Brysbaert Marc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLow power in empirical studies can be compared to blurred vision. It makes the signal ambiguous, so that conclusions depend more on interpretation than on observation. Data patterns that look sensible are published as evidence for theoretical positions and unclear patterns are discarded as noise, whereas both could be due to sampling error or could be a perfect reflection of the population parameters. Simulations indicate that little research with sample sizes lower than 100 participants per group provides a picture of enough resolution to draw firm conclusions. This is particularly true for research comparing groups of people and involving interaction effects. As a result, it is to be feared that many findings in bilingualism research do not have a firm base, certainly not if they go beyond a simple comparison of two within-participants conditions.
A Chamber of One's Own: Institutional Claim-Making on Gender Equality and the Symbolic Role of Parliaments
Authors: Verge Tània 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article investigates how legislatures may re-present themselves through claim-making on behalf of the institution. Focusing on claims about gender equality, attention is paid to the Women's Parliament organized by the Parliament of Catalonia, an all-women event through which female members of Parliament and social activists came together to put forth a feminist political agenda. Drawing on a constructivist approach, I disentangle the intentions of the institution, examine the discursive construction and performative enactment of the representative claim, and assess its reception by different audiences. I also reflect on how the symbolic activity undertaken within and by parliaments can recast ideas and practices of representation to promote more radical and inclusive politics. Overall, the article evinces that symbolic representation can be studied as a dimension in its own right and that, rather than being a mere by-product, it does co-constitute descriptive and substantive representation.
Weed competition in organic and no-till conventional soils under nonlimiting nutrient conditions
Authors: Benaragama Dilshan , Shirtliffe Steven J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSome well-managed organic soils are known to have higher crop yield potential than conventionally managed soils due to the greater soil quality and the ability to tolerate weed competition. However, low available soil mineral N and P in some organic systems may mask such soil quality–related benefits. We hypothesize that when plant-available N and P are not limiting, tillage-based highly diverse organic crop rotations have less yield loss (better crop tolerance) due to weed competition and higher crop yields than no-till conventional systems with low-diversity rotations. A greenhouse study was carried out in Saskatoon, Canada, using long-term (18-yr) organically managed soils (ORG) and no-till conventional soils (CONV) with three crop rotation diversities (LOW, MEDIUM, and HIGH) to compare the crop tolerance to weed competition under standard soil nutrient management conditions and under excess supply of mineral N and P. Under fertilized conditions, crop biomass increased by 50% and 69% in ORG and CONV systems, respectively. Weed biomass was similar between ORG and CONV systems under nonfertilized conditions but was 14% greater in CONV when excessive N and P were supplied. Crop biomass loss (crop tolerance) was not different among cropping systems under excess fertilizer or under standard fertilizer levels. Even with greater weed biomass under fertilized conditions, the CONV system showed crop tolerance similar to that of the ORG system. Under nonfertilized conditions, the crop biomass yield was 43% lower in ORG compared with CONV, and even after mineral N and P were applied, ORG systems showed less (17%) crop biomass than CONV. Further, differences in crop tolerance were not identified among crop rotations under both fertilizer levels. Overall, this study revealed that there were no yield benefits or better crop tolerance to weed competition in organically managed soils compared with no-till conventional soils, even under nonlimiting soil macronutrient conditions.
Incorporating environmental factors to describe wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) seedling emergence and plant phenology
Authors: Reinhardt Piskackova Theresa , Reberg-Horton S. Chris , Richardson Robert J. , Jennings Katie M. , Leon Ramon G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) is a weed found globally in agricultural systems. The facultative winter annual nature of this plant and high genetic variability makes modeling its growth and phenology difficult. In the present study, R. raphanistrum natural seedbanks exhibited a biphasic pattern of emergence, with emergence peaks occurring in both fall and spring. Traditional sigmoidal models were inadequate to fit this pattern, regardless of the predictive environmental variable, and a corresponding biphasic model (sigmoidal + Weibull) was used to describe emergence based on the best parameters. Each best-fit chronological, thermal, and hydrothermal model accounted for at least 85% of the variation of the validation data. Observations on phenology progression from four cohorts were used to create a common model that described all cohorts adequately. Different phenological stages were described using chronological, thermal, hydrothermal, daylength-dependent thermal time, and daylength-dependent hydrothermal time. Integrating daylength and temperature into the models was important for predicting reproductive stages of R. raphanistrum.
Predation on weed seeds and seedlings by Pheretima guillelmi and its potential for weed biocontrol
Authors: Li Tao , Fan Jiequn , Qian Zhenguan , Yuan Guohui , Meng Dandan , Guo Shuiliang , Lv Weiguang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe soil weed seedbank is the source of future weed infestations. Seed predation can result in a large number of seed losses, thus contributing to weed biocontrol. Earthworms are important predators of seeds and seedlings and affect seeds and seedling survival after gut passage. A study was conducted to assess the ability of Pheretima guillelmi (Kinberg) to ingest and digest the seeds and seedlings of 15 main farmland weed species. Pheretima guillelmi ingested the seeds and seedlings of each weed species tested. The percentages of seeds and seedlings ingested were 96.7% to 100% and 21.7% to 94.2%, respectively. Pheretima guillelmi showed greater ingestion of seeds than seedlings for each species and digested the seeds and seedlings of each weed species tested to varying extents. The percentages of seeds and seedlings digested were less than 15% irrespective of the weed species. Passage through the gut of P. guillelmi affected the survival of seeds and seedlings. The germination of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], Chinese sprangletop [Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees], Malabar sprangletop [Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.], and ricefield flatsedge (Cyperus iria L.) seeds egested by P. guillelmi decreased by 46%, 49%, 47%, 25%, 38%, 26%, 32%, 13%, and 15%, respectively, compared with their respective controls. In contrast to seed ingestion, ingestion of seedlings by P. guillelmi was fatal to individuals of all weed species; no seedlings survived passage through the gut. Our results indicate that predation of weed seeds and seedlings by P. guillelmi probably depletes the soil weed seedbank and that the introduction of P. guillelmi into fields is a potential strategy for weed biocontrol in farmland.
Nowcasting Earthquakes in Southern California With Machine Learning: Bursts, Swarms, and Aftershocks May Be Related to Levels of Regional Tectonic Stress
Authors: Rundle John B. , Donnellan Andrea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeismic bursts in Southern California are sequences of small earthquakes strongly clustered in space and time and include seismic swarms and aftershock sequences. A readily observable property of these events, the radius of gyration (RG), allows us to connect the bursts to the temporal occurrence of the largest M ≥ 7 earthquakes in California since 1984. In the Southern California earthquake catalog, we identify hundreds of these potentially coherent space‐time structures in a region defined by a circle of radius 600 km around Los Angeles. We compute RG for each cluster then filter them to identify those bursts with large numbers of events closely clustered in space, which we call “compact” bursts. Our basic assumption is that these compact bursts reflect the dynamics associated with large earthquakes. Once we have filtered the burst catalog, we apply an exponential moving average to construct a time series for the Southern California region. We observe that the RG of these bursts systematically decreases prior to large earthquakes, in a process that we might term “radial localization.” The RG then rapidly increases during an aftershock sequence, and a new cycle of “radial localization” then begins. These time series display cycles of recharge and discharge reminiscent of seismic stress accumulation and release in the elastic rebound process. The complex burst dynamics we observe are evidently a property of the region as a whole, rather than being associated with individual faults. This new method allows us to improve earthquake nowcasting, which is a technique to evaluate the current state of hazard in a seismically active region.
Evolving Viscous Anisotropy in the Upper Mantle and Its Geodynamic Implications
Authors: Király Á. , Conrad C. P. , Hansen L. N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAsthenospheric shear causes some minerals, particularly olivine, to develop anisotropic textures that can be detected seismically. In laboratory experiments, these textures are also associated with anisotropic viscous behavior, which should be important for geodynamic processes. To examine the role of anisotropic viscosity for asthenospheric deformation, we developed a numerical model of coupled anisotropic texture development and anisotropic viscosity, both calibrated with laboratory measurements of olivine aggregates. This model characterizes the time‐dependent coupling between large‐scale formation of lattice‐preferred orientation (i.e., texture) and changes in asthenospheric viscosity for a series of simple deformation paths that represent upper mantle geodynamic processes. We find that texture development beneath a moving surface plate tends to align the a axes of olivine into the plate motion direction, which weakens the effective viscosity in this direction and increases plate velocity for a given driving force. Our models indicate that the effective viscosity increases for shear in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the a axes. This increase should slow plate motions and new texture development in this perpendicular direction and could impede changes to the plate motion direction for tens of millions of years. However, the same well‐developed asthenospheric texture may foster subduction initiation perpendicular to the plate motion and deformations related to transform faults, as shearing on vertical planes seems to be favored across a sublithospheric olivine texture. These end‐member cases examining shear deformation in the presence of a well‐formed asthenospheric texture illustrate the importance of the mean olivine orientation, and its associated viscous anisotropy, for a variety of geodynamic processes.