bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C screening and referral for further investigation and treatment in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: İskender Gülşen , Mert Duygu , Çeken Sabahat , Bahçecitapar Melike , Yenigün Ayla , Ertek Mustafa 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus infection is a major cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide. The knowledge of physicians about what should they do in case of any anti-HCV positivity in screening tests is of great importance. In this study the awareness and knowledge of physicians is evaluated by analyzing the rate of the referrals of anti-HCV positive patients to HCV RNA test and their treatment by different clinics.
Methodology: The patients tested for anti-HCV in internal medicine, surgery, gastroenterology and infectious disease clinics between 1 January and 31 December 2017 were evaluated retrospectively in a tertiary care hospital.
Results: Anti-HCV testing was performed in 32,803 patients. Anti-HCV positivity was detected in 95 (0.28%) patients aged 88 years of age or younger (mean 60.89 ± 16.96 years), 57.89% of them were female. HCV RNA was tested in 50 (%52,63) of anti-HCV positive patients and it was found positive in 18 (36%) patients. In anti-HCV positive patients HCV RNA testing was requested most by infectious disease (100%) and gastroenterology (70.58%) clinics and least by surgery and other clinics (21% and 25% respectively). These differences were found to be statistically significant ( =33.65, p < 001).
Conclusions: Our study highlights the significant deficiencies existed in the referring patients with anti-HCV positivity for further examination and treatment by the attending physicians especially in surgical clinics. Performing HCV screening in the different steps of medical care and using electronic reminder systems directing physicians at appropriate diagnostic and treatment protocols can maximize the likelihood of the detection and treatment of HCV- infected patients.
Religion et pouvoir politique en Iran contemporain
Authors: Zahiri Eva 
Published: July 2020

L’élaboration par Khomeynî de la doctrine de la guidance du savant juriste en 1969-70 a suscité de nombreuses discussions et de nouvelles réflexions sur l’État, sa forme et ses modalités de fonctionnement. Cette doctrine politico-religieuse qui pose la religion comme source de légitimation du pouvoir politique, a abouti à de nouvelles conceptions du rapport entre politique et religion. De manière continue mais renouvelée, des auteurs cléricaux ou non cléricaux interrogent le rapport entre religion et pouvoir politique. Ayant recours à des méthodes et des disciplines différentes, divers courants de pensée considèrent que pour que la religion se maintienne et continue à jouer un rôle politique et public, sa forme doit évoluer. Mais les solutions proposées et les cadres envisagés varient selon les auteurs.
L’Iran et le Conseil de coopération du Golfe : des relations entre un aveugle et un sourd
Authors: Fathollah-Nejad Ali 
Published: July 2020

L’article examine les relations de l’Iran avec divers États du CCG (Conseil de coopération du Golfe) à la lumière des connaissances scientifiques et du débat politique. Il examine d’abord la rivalité entre les deux grandes puissances du golfe Persique, la République islamique d’Iran et le Royaume d’Arabie saoudite, discutant de l’héritage historique de leur inimitié ainsi que des sources de leur rivalité d’aujourd’hui. Il fait ensuite valoir que les discussions entre Téhéran et Riyad sur leur conflit de sécurité sont vouées à l’échec, car elles ressemblent souvent à un dialogue de sourds, chaque partie ignorant les préoccupations fondamentales de l’autre en matière de sécurité. Il identifie donc les principales lacunes des positions iranienne et saoudienne. La question se pose alors de savoir comment la « résistance maximale » de l’Iran à la campagne de « pression maximale » des États-Unis a affecté les relations Iran-CCG. En conclusion, l’article souligne la nécessité d’un changement de paradigme dans les relations Iran-CCG, allant au-delà de l’idée d’un jeu à somme nulle axé sur la « sécurité commune ». Il met également en garde contre le fait que tout règlement irano-saoudien pourrait simplement constituer un pacte autoritaire. Autrement dit, la sécurité des deux régimes au détriment des aspirations de leurs sociétés.
Videokeratographic Indices to Aid in Screening for Keratoconus
Authors: Rabinowitz Yaron S 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To design a computer software program with quantitative indices to aid in videokeratographic screening for keratoconus.
METHODS: A computer software program was designed to calculate three indices quantifying the keratoconus phenotype from videokeratographics generated by the Topographic Modeling System: Central K (central steepening); I-S values (reflecting inferior-superior dioptric asymmetry); and SRAX (relative skewing of the steepest radial axes above and below the horizontal meridian). One hundred ninety-five normal and 40 keratoconus patients who had not previously worn contact lenses were analyzed with the software. These 235 patients were then studied with combinations of indices to determine how best to distinguish keratoconus from normals by videokeratographic.
RESULTS: Central K greater than 47.20 diopters (D) and I-S value greater than 1.20 D detected 39 of 40 (98%) keratoconus patients, with 10 of 195 (5%) normals identified as keratoconus. By adding the SRAX index of greater than 21° to these indices, 39 of 40 (98%) keratoconus patients were identified, but only 1 of 195 (0.5%) normals was identified as keratoconus.
CONCLUSIONS: This new index, which quantifies irregular astigmatism in keratoconus, increases the specificity of previously reported quantitative descriptors of keratoconus without decreasing their sensitivity. True sensitivity and specificity of these indices for identifying keratoconus must be verified on a separate patient population. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:371-379.]
Rhetorical Peculiarities in the chapter of Zakat of Al-Sihah-al-Sithah
Authors: Shafi Ullah Hafiz , Syed Mubarak Shah  
Published: July 2020

Rhetoric and Eloquence is the “Miracle of speech” The art of Rhetoric is aimed at the strong persuation and attractive oration.
Like other realms, Religion needs to have prophetic Eloquence to persuade the receivers. The last Holy Prophet Hazrath Muhammad (SAW) had the sense of rhetorical speaking and often used to convince via eloquail strategies.
His Ahadees are regarded as landmarks so far artistic and eloquent speech is concerned.
In this research Article, the researcher has tried to mark out some rhetorical aspects of his impressive oration especially with in the “kitabul Zakat” in al Sihah-al-Sithah. Keeping in view the Arabic classic and modern rhetoric embellishments, various utterances of Rasoolullah (SAW) are scrutinized rhetorically to show its eloquail peculiarity for benefit of Readers, listeners and researchers.
Shariah compliant stock exchange: steps required for transformation
Authors: Ijaz Irshad Ahmad 
Published: July 2020

Islamization of economy is an important part of Islamic countries’ policy nowadays. After emergence of Islamic financial institutions, the demand and need for Islamization of whole economy has increased. Current methodology for Islamization is to bring required changes in existing economic and financial system.
This article discusses the required necessary steps for Islamization of a very important institution of an economic system – stock exchange.
For Islamization of stock exchange six directly related steps are important to begin with. Some other direcly and indirectly related institutions may also be required to adopt these changes being part of capital market.
Ethical and moral virtues in the poetry of Pre- Islamic era- (The study of Zuhair bin abi Salma)
Authors: Junaidi Muhammad Qasim , Ahmad Irshad 
Published: July 2020

The pre- Islamic era is a term which is used in Arabic poetry as well as in Islamic history among the literati and historians. It is defined as the period of time before the rising and spreading of Islam in the desert of Arab. It is also called Ignorance era, because they were not only illiterate from Islamic laws and rules but also void souls from virtuous values. They buried their daughters alive, made erroneous notations and quarreled for centuries, eulogized bloodshed and wars etc. Among them bore a great poet Zuhair bin abi Salma (520- 611) and tried to change their lives by his noble poetry. He praised Hiram bin Sanan, the popular person and leader of his tribes by his famous eulogy for his good moral activates. He played a tremendous role for the pace of his tribe. This article is denoted the ethical and moral virtues in the poetry of Zuhair bin abi Salma in the pre- Islamic era. It is also describes the effort of Zuhair for the peace and morality of his tribe.
In vitro antioxidant, 𝛼-amylase and 𝛼-glucosidase activities of methanol extracts from three Momordica species
Authors: Akinwunmi Olubunmi Adenike 
Published: July 2020

<p>Antioxidant based drug preparations are used in the prevention and management of complex diseases which include atherosclerosis, stroke, diabetes, alzheimer’s disease and cancer. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism. The management of blood glucose level is the hallmark in the treatment of this ailment, which may be achieved through the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs such as biguanides, insulin secretagogues, and 𝛼-amylase and glucosidase inhibitors. Although several biological activities had been reported for <em>Momordica</em> <em>foetida </em>and <em>Momordica</em> <em>charantia</em>; it appears there is limited information on the biological activity of <em>Momordica</em> <em>cissoides</em>. The purpose of this study is to compare the antioxidant, 𝛼-amylase and 𝛼-glucosidase inhibitory activities of <em>Momordica</em> <em>charantia </em>(M1), <em>Momordica</em> <em>foetida </em>(M2)<em>, </em>and <em>Momordica</em> <em>cissoides</em> (M3) to establish a chemotaxonomic relationship between them. The antioxidant activities measured by DPPH scavenging properties, metal ion chelation, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ABTS revealed that <em>M. foetida</em> had the highest inhibition potential, followed by <em>M. charantia</em> and the least being <em>M. cissoides</em>. In contrast, the antioxidant activities measured by FRAP, the total phenolic content , flavonoids and tannins revealed that <em>M. cissoides</em> had the best antioxidant potential, while <em>M. foetida</em> had the least activity. The comparative α-amylase and glucosidase inhibitory studies performed demonstrated that the extracts of <em>M.cissoides </em>had the highest inhibitory potentials. Thus, the plant can be used in the management of diabetes.</p>
Comportamento e distribuição das chuvas na Região de São Carlos/SP a partir de dados de Estações Climatológicas no per�odo de 1993-2014
Authors: Sanches Rafael Grecco , Vecchia Francisco Arthur da Silva , Souza Paulo Henrique de 
Published: July 2020

As alterações climáticas, em diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais, alicerçam diversas pesquisas em climatologia a fim de compreender a dinâmica climatológica, bem como os atributos climáticos em tal processo. As chuvas, nesse sentido, representam a complexidade no entendimento da dinâmica atmosférica, uma vez que essas apresentam sua gênese apoiadas em diferentes processos atmosféricos. O presente estudo compreende o comportamento das chuvas na região de São Carlos a partir de dados diários de chuvas nas estações climatológicas na região de São Carlos/SP na série histórica de 1993 a 2014. Foram determinados os cálculos dos �ndices propostos por Zhang e Yang (2004) de RX 1 dia (máximo acumulado em um único dia), SDII (�ndice simples de intensidade), DCU (dias consecutivos úmidos), DCS (dias consecutivos secos) e PRCPTOT (precipitação total nos dias úmidos), pelo software R com script RClimdex. Os dados calculados apresentaram grande flutuação ao longo da série histórica 1993-2014 para todos os �ndices adotados, o que configura a presença de anos abaixo e acima da média para cada �ndice, bem como aponta para o dinamismo climático regional com os valores diários das chuvas junto ao planejamento regional.
Palavras-chave: �?ndices, Climatologia Estat�stica, Chuvas, RClimdex.
Sistemas, caos e o processo de desertificação no Semiárido Brasileiro: complexidade e interações
Authors: Lemos Jeferson Emanuel de , Souza Bartolomeu Israel de , Diniz Marco Túlio Mendonça 
Published: July 2020

O pensamento sistêmico passou a se destacar a partir da metade do século XX, por volta de 1950, e reverberou seus preceitos em direção a todos os campos do conhecimento, inclusive na Geografia. Realizamos uma revisão teórica de parte da evolução desta noção no seio cient�fico, incluindo questões ligadas à evolução da Teoria do Caos, pois ambos tornam-se complementares e importantes na compreensão do funcionamento dos sistemas complexos. Por se tratar de um trabalho de caráter teórico, foram realizadas discussões embasadas em vários autores, os quais tratam da complexidade tanto na perspectiva cient�fica, quanto da complexidade das interações entre os sistemas sociais e ambientais, bem como da desertificação no semiárido. Tomamos como exemplo de sistema complexo e objeto de análise o semiárido brasileiro, ao elaborar discussões e tentativas de ilustração dessa relação através das dinâmicas socioambientais e espaciais associadas ao processo de desertificação que tem atingido essa área do pa�s. Os principais resultados constatados revelam que este sistema é mantido por meio da interrelação de vários elementos, os quais o tornam complexo e apto a suportar as variações/inputs internos/externos que podem “abalar�? sua estrutura de funcionamento. Contudo, devido às constantes reorganizações propiciadas pelos desmatamentos seculares, essas intervenções humanas têm gerado um padrão caótico que, se continuar sendo constantemente retroalimentado, pode conduzir todo o sistema semiárido ao estado de desintegração/colapso.
Palavras-chave: Pensamento sistêmico, Caoticidade, Não-linearidade, Complexidade, Caatinga.
Cartografia Escolar Inclusiva: o jogo digital educacional como instrumento na alfabetização cartográfica de alunos surdos e deficientes auditivos
Authors: Rodrigues Tuane Telles , Cassol Roberto , Miranda Wilson de Oliveira 
Published: July 2020

As novas metodologias no ensino de Geografia têm buscado propostas modernas para a aproximação entre as comunidades que compõem a sociedade, o que se convencionou chamar de educação inclusiva. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa aqui relatada buscou contribuir no aperfeiçoamento
das técnicas voltadas ao ensino e à aprendizagem da Cartografia Escolar de alunos surdos e deficientes auditivos, no munic�pio de Santa Maria, RS. A metodologia empregada foi estruturada em três fases: a primeira, na observação dos alunos da Escola Estadual de Educação Especial Dr. Reinaldo Fernando Cóser; a segunda, foi a construção do perfil dos alunos surdos e deficientes auditivos que estudam no munic�pio; a terceira, a avaliação das impressões dos alunos em relação ao jogo digital “CartoCon: Nossa Expedição geográfica�?, através da abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados obtidos foram positivos, evidenciando que o jogo digital, quando adaptado às condições dos alunos, é um recurso viável no ensino inclusivo de Cartografia Escolar, atendendo demandas dos estudantes que integram a comunidade surda do munic�pio.
Palavras-chave: Ensino de Geografia. Cartografia Escolar Inclusiva. Jogo digital.
Transição urbana e demográfica no Brasil: caracter�sticas, percursos e tendências
Authors: Castiglioni Aurélia Herm�nia 
Published: July 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a evolução conjunta dos processos de transição urbana e demográfica vivenciados pelo Brasil e Unidades Administrativas, de 1940 a 2010. O trabalho contém a caracterização espaço-temporal dos processos, o agrupamento das unidades com caracter�sticas semelhantes, a identificação de modelos de trajetórias e a projeção de tendências. Para o estudo foram aplicados métodos de análise de dados, de classificação hierárquica e de estimativa aos dados produzidos por fontes oficiais. A evolução dos processos apresenta as tendências clássicas que marcam as fases das transformações demográficas: aceleração do crescimento demográfico e da urbanização decorrentes inicialmente das mudanças do comportamento da mortalidade, a seguir, pela intensificação da migração rural-urbana, evoluindo para a fase de redução sincrônica da fecundidade e das taxas de crescimento natural ou vegetativo, migratório e urbano. As trajetórias dos processos demográficos, passadas ou atuais, refletem as desigualdades socioespaciais existentes entre as regiões do pa�s e mostram que as diferenças entre indicadores persistem, porém com tendência à convergência.
Palavras-chave: Transição urbana, Transição demográfica, Migração rural-urbana, Continuidade e convergência.
Enhancing empathy and positive attitude among nursing undergraduates via an in-class virtual reality-based simulation relating to mental illness
Authors: Ho Yan Lam Angie , Lin Jessie Jingxia , Wan Abraham Wai Hin , Wong Janet Yuen Ha 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The study aims to examine the impact of virtual reality simulation that simulates the experience of psychiatric symptomology associated with mental illness in mental health nursing education.Methods: A total of 159 nursing students being exposed to an in-class VR simulation completed pre-test measures about empathy and positive attitudes towards mental illness. Narrative feedback was collected to explore the students' perceptions of the VR simulation. Results: The results indicated a significant increase in the overall empathy and positive attitudes towards mental illness after participating in the in-class VR simulation related to mental illness. Students had a clearer understanding of the patient's experience and difficulties from VR simulation.Conclusions: In-class VR simulation may play a significant role in enhancing empathetic understanding and positive attitudes towards individuals diagnosed with mental illness.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term outcomes of ileal conduit and orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion
Authors: Browne Eva , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Davis Niall F. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the long-term durability, incidence of complications, and patient satisfaction outcomes in ileal conduit (IC) and orthotopic neobladder (ONB).
Methods: A systematic electronic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus using MeSH and free-text search terms “Urinary diversion” AND “Ileal conduit” AND “Neobladder.” The search concluded June 19, 2018. Inclusion criteria were those patients who had a cystectomy and required urinary diversion by either IC or neobladder.
Results: In total, 32 publications met the inclusion criteria. Data were available on 46 787 patients (n=36 719 for IC and n=10 068 for ONB). Meta-analyses showed that IC urinary diversions performed less favorably than ONB in terms of re-operation rates, Clavien-Dindo complications, and mortality rates; odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.76 (1.24, 2.50) p<0.01, 1.16 (1.09, 1.22) p<0.01, and 6.29 (5.30, 7.48) p<0.01, respectively. IC urinary diversion performed better than ONB in relation to urinary tract infection rates and ureteric stricture rates, OR and 95% CI 0.67 (0.58, 0.77) p<0.01 and 0.70 (0.55, 0.89) p<0.01, respectively.
Conclusions: Our results show that there is no significantly increased morbidity with ONB compared to IC. Selection of either urinary diversion technique should be based on factors such as tumor stage, comorbidities, surgical experience, and patient acceptance of postoperative sequalae.
Heterogeneity in urology teaching curricula among Canadian urology residency programs
Authors: Mann Uday , Ramjiawan Ryan , Nayak Jasmir G. , Patel Premal 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Postgraduate education is transitioning to a competency-based curriculum in an effort to standardize the quality of graduating trainees. The learning experiences and opportunities in each institution are likely variable, as no standard exists regarding the teaching curriculum offered through residency. The objective of this study is to examine the various teaching curricula among different Canadian urology residency programs and to identify which teaching modalities are prioritized by program directors.
Methods: A 10-question anonymous survey was sent electronically to program directors at all 12 urology residency programs across Canada. Questions were designed to quantify the time allotted for teaching and to assess the various teaching session types prioritized by programs to ensure the successful training of their graduates. We assessed each program’s perceived value of written exams, oral exams, didactic teaching session, and simulation sessions. Responses were assessed using a Likert-scale and a ranking format. Descriptive statistics were performed.
Results: Overall survey response rate from residency program directors was 75% (9/12). Sixty-seven percent of programs designated one day of teaching per week, whereas 33% split resident teaching over two days. Review of chapters directly from Campbell-Walsh Urology textbook were deemed the most valuable teaching session. Practice oral exams were also prioritized, whereas most programs felt that simulation labs contributed the least to residency education. All programs included review of the core urology textbook in their weekly teaching, while only 67% of programs included faculty-led didactic sessions and case presentations. Forty-four percent of programs included resident-led didactic sessions. Practice oral exams and simulation labs were the least commonly included teaching modalities.
Conclusions: Although most program directors prioritize the review of chapters in the core urology textbook, we found significant heterogeneity in the teaching sessions prioritized and offered in current urology residency curricula. As we move to standardize the quality of graduating trainees, understanding the impact of variable educational opportunities on residency training may become increasingly important.
Drug Repositioning for the Treatment of Glioma: Current State and Future Perspective
Authors: Tamai Sho , Hirai Nozomi , Jiapaer Shabierjiang , Furuta Takuya , Nakada Mitsutoshi 
Published: July 2020

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Among them, glioblastoma (GBM) possesses the most malignant phenotype. Despite the current standard therapy using an alkylating anticancer agent, temozolomide, most patients with GBM die within 2 years. Novel chemotherapeutic agents are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of GBM. One of the solutions, drug repositioning, which broadens the indications of existing drugs, has gained attention. Herein, we categorize candidate agents, which are newly identified as therapeutic drugs for malignant glioma into 10 classifications based on these original identifications. Some drugs are in clinical trials with hope. Additionally, the obstacles, which should be overcome in order to accomplish drug repositioning as an application for GBM and the future perspectives, have been discussed.