bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platform switching in two‐implant bar‐retained mandibular overdentures: 1‐year results from a split‐mouth randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Abou‐Ayash Samir , Schimmel Martin , Kraus Dominik , Mericske‐Stern Regina , Albrecht Dominic , Enkling Norbert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe concept of platform switching is widely applied in current implant dentistry; however, the influence on peri‐implant bone‐level alterations (ΔIBL), especially in the field of implant overdentures (IODs), remains inconclusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the alternative hypothesis that there is an equivalent ΔIBLs at platform‐switching and platform‐matching implant abutments in 2‐implant bar‐retained IODs.Materials and methodsTwo interforaminal implants were placed in 32 subjects, who were randomly assigned to either an immediate‐ or a 3‐month post‐placement loading group. Furthermore, one implant in each subject was randomly assigned to receive a platform‐switched abutment (test), and one a platform‐matching abutment (control). The implants were splinted with prefabricated, chairside customized bars. ΔIBL was recorded by using customized radiograph holders at implant placement, implant loading, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after loading.ResultsAfter 1 year, equivalent ΔIBL could be identified (test: −0.51 mm ± 0.49 versus control: −0.56 mm ± 0.52; p < .001). ΔIBL increased over time and was more pronounced in the delayed‐loaded implants (−0.87 mm ± 0.61) relative to the immediately loaded implants (−0.35 mm ± 0.43; p = .022).ConclusionsThe prosthetic concept of platform switching does not necessarily lead to reduced bone loss. Immediate‐loading of implants, primarily splinted with a bar, might be beneficial regarding peri‐implant bone‐level alterations over a short‐term period.
Hair cross‐sectioning in uncombable hair syndrome: An epoxy embedding technique
Authors: Reis Joel , Brandão José Ricardo , Rodrigues Aurora , Coelho André , Machado Susana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUncombable hair syndrome is a rare disorder of the hair shaft that leads to silvery and unruly hair. The hair shaft anomaly is characterized by a longitudinal groove that is detected by scanning electronic microscopy—considered to be the gold standard for diagnosis. Recently, hair cross‐sectioning has been reported as a viable alternative, but currently available methods still have some flaws, especially because of hair samples' processing specificities. Here, we present two cases of uncombable hair syndrome and a new embedding technique using epoxy to perform the diagnosis.
Diagnosis of pharyngeal cancer on endoscopic video images by Mask region‐based convolutional neural network
Authors: Kono Mitsuhiro , Ishihara Ryu , Kato Yusuke , Miyake Muneaki , Shoji Ayaka , Inoue Takahiro , Matsueda Katsunori , Waki Kotaro , Fukuda Hiromu , Shimamoto Yusaku , Fujiwara Yasuhiro , Tada Tomohiro 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system for the real‐time diagnosis of pharyngeal cancers.MethodsEndoscopic video images and still images of pharyngeal cancer treated in our facility were collected. A total of 4559 images of pathologically proven pharyngeal cancer (1243 using white light imaging and 3316 using narrow‐band imaging/blue laser imaging) from 276 patients were used as a training dataset. The AI system used a convolutional neural network (CNN) model typical of the type used to analyze visual imagery. Supervised learning was used to train the CNN. The AI system was evaluated using an independent validation dataset of 25 video images of pharyngeal cancer and 36 video images of normal pharynx taken at our hospital.ResultsThe AI system diagnosed 23/25 (92%) pharyngeal cancers as cancers and 17/36 (47%) non‐cancers as non‐cancers. The transaction speed of the AI system was 0.03 s per image, which meets the required speed for real‐time diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the detection of cancer were 92%, 47%, and 66% respectively.ConclusionsOur single‐institution study showed that our AI system for diagnosing cancers of the pharyngeal region had promising performance with high sensitivity and acceptable specificity. Further training and improvement of the system are required with a larger dataset including multiple centers.
Climate, soil resources and microbial activity shape the distributions of mountain plants based on their functional traits
Authors: Martinez‐Almoyna Camille , Piton Gabin , Abdulhak Sylvain , Boulangeat Louise , Choler Philippe , Delahaye Thierry , Dentant Cédric , Foulquier Arnaud , Poulenard Jérôme , Noble Virgile , Renaud Julien , Rome Maxime , Saillard Amélie ,   The ORCHAMP Consortium, Thuiller Wilfried , Münkemüller Tamara 
Published: July 2020

While soil ecosystems undergo important modifications due to global change, the effect of soil properties on plant distributions is still poorly understood. Plant growth is not only controlled by soil physico‐chemistry but also by microbial activities through the decomposition of organic matter and the recycling of nutrients essential for plants. A growing body of evidence also suggests that plant functional traits modulate species’ response to environmental gradients. However, no study has yet contrasted the importance of soil physico‐chemistry, microbial activities and climate on plant species distributions, while accounting for how plant functional traits can influence species‐specific responses.Using hierarchical effects in a multi‐species distribution model, we investigate how four functional traits related to resource acquisition (plant height, leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio, leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area) modulate the response of 44 plant species to climatic variables, soil physico‐chemical properties and microbial decomposition activity (i.e. exoenzymatic activities) in the French Alps.Our hierarchical trait‐based model allowed to predict well 41 species according to the TSS statistic. In addition to climate, the combination of soil C/N, as a measure of organic matter quality, and exoenzymatic activity, as a measure of microbial decomposition activity, strongly improved predictions of plant distributions. Plant traits played an important role. In particular, species with conservative traits performed better under limiting nutrient conditions but were outcompeted by exploitative plants in more favorable environments.We demonstrate tight associations between microbial decomposition activity, plant functional traits associated to different resource acquisition strategies and plant distributions. This highlights the importance of plant–soil linkages for mountain plant distributions. These results are crucial for biodiversity modelling in a world where both climatic and soil systems are undergoing profound and rapid transformations.
Flight‐to‐safety and the credit crunch: a new history of the banking crises in France during the Great Depression†
Authors: Baubeau Patrice , Monnet Eric , Riva Angelo , Ungaro Stefano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite France's importance in the interwar world economy, the scale of the French banking crises of 1930–1 and their consequences have never been fully assessed quantitatively. The lack of banking regulation severely limited the availability of balance sheet data. Using a new dataset of individual balance sheets from more than 300 banks, this article shows that the crises were much more severe than previously thought, although they did not affect the main commercial banks. By reconstructing financial flows, this study shows that the fall in bank credit was mostly driven by a flight‐to‐safety by deposits, from banks to savings institutions and the central bank. The decrease in bank deposits due to bank runs was offset by an increase in deposits with savings institutions, with the central bank, and in cash hoarding, whereas the decrease in bank credit was not offset by an increase in loans from non‐bank financial institutions. In line with the gold standard mentality, cash deposited with savings institutions and the central bank was used to decrease marketable public debt and increase gold reserves, rather than pursuing countercyclical policies. Despite massive capital inflows and rising aggregate money supply, France suffered from a severe, persistent credit crunch.
The growth pattern of British children, 1850–1975†
Authors: Gao Pei , Schneider Eric B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article is the first to use individual‐level, longitudinal measures of child growth to document changes in the growth pattern in Britain between the 1850s and the 1970s. Based on a unique dataset gathered from the records of the training ship Indefatigable, this study analyses the mean heights of boys at admission and their longitudinal growth using regressions that control for observable characteristics. Our findings show a secular increase in boys’ mean height over time, and that height gain was most rapid during the interwar period. In addition, longitudinal growth velocity was low and similar at different ages for boys born before the 1910s, suggesting a substantially weaker pubertal growth spurt (three standard deviations lower) than that which occurs in modern populations. However, for boys born in the 1910s and later, higher growth velocities associated with pubertal growth appeared in a narrow range of ages (14 to 16 years). Thus, it appears that there was a substantial change in the growth pattern beginning in the 1910s with the emergence of a strong pubertal growth spurt. The timing of this shift implies that declines in child morbidity mattered more for the changing growth pattern than improvements in nutrition that occurred before 1910.
Donor stem cell‐derived paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria after umbilical cord blood transplantation
Authors: Nakaya Yosuke , Nakao Takafumi , Ueda Yasutaka , Takamori Hiroyuki , Nishimura Jun‐Ichi , Tatsumi Naoko , Tsutsumi Minako , Yoshida Masahiro , Yoshimura Takuro , Hayashi Yoshiki , Yamane Takahisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDonor cell‐derived hematological disorder (DCHD) is a rare complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The number of reports of DCHD has been increasing in the last decade, which likely reflects the growing number of HSCTs and the improved ability to identify the donor cell origin. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hematological disorder arising in the context of clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells harboring a somatic mutation in phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class A. We report here a patient with adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma, who developed PNH 7 years after umbilical cord blood transplantation. The patient has maintained complete remission with full‐donor chimerism after HSCT. Thus, PNH was derived from stem cells of donor origin. The immature immune environment in the recipient after cord blood transplantation might have contributed to the rapid clonal expansion for neonatal stem cells in cord blood to develop typical symptomatic PNH in a short period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of a case of PNH that developed in donor stem cells after HSCT.
The timelines of MRI findings related to outcomes in adult patients with new‐onset refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Kim Hyo Jae , Lee Sang‐Ahm , Kim Hyun‐Woo , Kim Soo Jeong , Jeon Sang‐Beom , Koo Yong Seo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the timelines of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities and their relationships with the clinical outcomes of patients with new‐onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).MethodsThis retrospective observational study enrolled patients with NORSE who were admitted from March 2008 to July 2018. MRI abnormalities were analyzed visually with the readers blinded to the clinical characteristics of the patients. Poor functional outcome was defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale score ≤ 3 at discharge. Subsequent pharmacoresistant epilepsy was defined as seizures not controlled by two or more anti‐seizure medications 6 months after discharge.ResultsAmong 39 patients with NORSE, 32 (82.1%) exhibited an MRI abnormality. The most common abnormalities were persisting mesial temporal lobe signal abnormality (51.3%); initial diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement within 16 days from seizure onset (15/35, 42.9%); and hippocampal atrophy, which started to appear 26 days after seizure onset (15/26, 57.7%). Only three patients had claustrum abnormalities. Patients with insular involvement had longer treatment delay than those without (24.0 vs 5.5 hours, respectively, P = .02). Duration of status epilepticus (SE) tended to have a linear association with hippocampal atrophy (P = .055). Patients with diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement were more likely to have a poor functional outcome and to develop subsequent pharmacoresistant epilepsy than those without this finding (93.3% vs 15.0%, P < .001; 75.0% vs 22.2%, P = .004, respectively); the results were significant even after adjusting for age, sex, and duration of SE. Hippocampal atrophy and diffuse cortical atrophy were also significantly associated with poor functional outcomes (P = .001 and P = .002, respectively), and patients with these conditions were more likely to develop subsequent pharmacoresistant epilepsy than those without these conditions, after adjusting for age and sex (P = .035 and P = .048, respectively), but not after adjusting for duration of SE.SignificanceInitial diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and later hippocampal atrophy were associated with a poor functional outcome and subsequent pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Fibromatous epulis in a Campolina horse
Authors: Schade J. , Fonteque J. H. , Muller T. R. , Teixeira W. T. , da Rosa A. C. , Casagrande R. A. , de Cristo T. G. , de Azevedo Fernandes N. C. C. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAn 11‐year‐old Campolina horse was referred to the Veterinary Hospital due to the presence of an exophytic mass located in the rostral region of the mandible. Radiographic evaluation showed no evidence of tumour infiltration in the underlying mandibular bone, and the histopathology and immunohistochemical evaluations confirmed the diagnosis of fibromatous epulis. The treatment included surgical excision of the mass, followed by extensive curettage of the underlying mandibular bone. Complete healing of the wound was evidenced 60 days after the procedure; however, relapse was reported by the owner between 1 and 3 years after surgery.
Dyadic Coping and Couple Resilience After Miscarriage
Authors: Hiefner Angela R. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the impact of miscarriage on the couple relationship, particularly lived experiences related to partners' perceptions of increased closeness and strength in the relationship.BackgroundCurrent miscarriage literature lacks a process‐oriented understanding of how miscarriage influences partner interactions and how partner interactions influence resilience and coping after this loss.MethodThis qualitative study used semistructured interviews to conduct a combination of dyadic and individual interviews with six couples, resulting in 18 interviews.ResultsThe couples described themes of both positive and negative impact on the relationship, the shared nature of the loss, dyadic coping strategies, and specific partner interactions that supported resilience.ConclusionExperiencing miscarriage as a shared loss seemed to create important opportunities for healthy dyadic coping and interactional processes.ImplicationsFindings can guide medical and mental health professionals in providing more effective support to couples after miscarriage.
Fatigue properties of AA6060‐T6 butt welds made by hybrid metal extrusion & bonding
Authors: Sandnes Lise , Grong Øystein , Welo Torgeir , Berto Filippo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present investigation is concerned with high‐cycle axial fatigue testing of a 2‐mm AA6060‐T6 hybrid metal extrusion & bonding (HYB) butt weld produced in the solid state using AA6082 filler metal addition. The results complement the three‐point bend testing and the tensile testing done in two previous studies. In this study, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope examinations have been carried out to reveal the joint macro/microstructure and document possible surface and root defects deemed to affect fatigue life. In the as‐welded condition, the HYB weld suffers from surface irregularities at the weld face and ‘kissing’ bond formation in the root region. Despite of this, the subsequent testing shows that the fatigue properties exceed those reported for comparable AA6082‐T6 gas metal arc butt welds and matching those reported for corresponding high‐strength laser beam and friction stir weldments.
Weak ternary interval evaluation of fatigue life and its application to mining dump truck
Authors: Ma Xiaokui , Gu Zhengqi , Mi Chengji , Jin Xiangzhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA method of weak ternary interval (TI) evaluation of fatigue life is proposed in this study to reasonably evaluate the nonprobabilistic reliability considering the interval uncertainty. The conventional interval is extended into a TI by introducing an expected value, that is, a value without uncertainty, as the third parameter of the interval to deal with the deviation between the expected value and the median value of the interval. Next, the TI of fatigue life is evaluated by introducing an index of attitude in the exponential function to weaken the unimportant upper bound and deal with the overconservative lower bound. Therefore, the evaluation is reflected in the form of an equivalent fatigue life as an indicator of the nonprobabilistic reliability. Next, the TIs of the fatigue parameters are obtained with limited fatigue test data from a practical engineering application. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a mining dump truck frame to demonstrate its significance and validity.
Understanding the effects of recreational catch‐and‐release angling on an increasingly important foreign fishing tourism species, the giant African threadfin Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier)
Authors: Butler Edward Claude , Childs Amber‐Robyn , Duncan Murray Ian , Potts Warren Mason 
Published: July 2020

AbstractForeign fishing tourism (FFT) is becoming increasingly popular in the developing world, where it often coexists alongside other important sectors involving domestic recreational anglers and dependant artisanal and subsistence fishing communities. Therefore, it is important that FFT operations use effective catch‐and‐release (C&R) angling to minimise negative impacts to locally important fishery species. Using reflex action mortality predictors (RAMPs) and physiological stress indicators, this study assessed the impacts of C&R angling within the FFT fishery targeting Polydactylus quadrifilis (Cuvier) on the Kwanza Estuary, Angola. Air exposure (cumulative link model (CLM): Z = 3.99, p < 0.01) and its interaction with fight time (Z = −2.377, p = 0.02) significantly predicted increased motor impairment. Handling practices were particularly important for larger reproductively valuable individuals as fish size was positively correlated with fight (Spearman's rank: r = 0.85, p < 0.01) and total times (r = 0.70, p < 0.01). Therefore, large fish should be handled in the water and a maximum air exposure time of 40 s is recommended for smaller fish. It is suggested that RAMP assessments can provide quick and effective tests for C&R‐driven impairment and provisions should be made for impaired individuals to recover adequately before release.
Mosses modify effects of warmer and wetter conditions on tree seedlings at the alpine treeline
Authors: Lett Signe , Teuber Laurenz M. , Krab Eveline J. , Michelsen Anders , Olofsson Johan , Nilsson Marie‐Charlotte , Wardle David A. , Dorrepaal Ellen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate warming enables tree seedling establishment beyond the current alpine treeline, but to achieve this, seedlings have to establish within existing tundra vegetation. In tundra, mosses are a prominent feature, known to regulate soil temperature and moisture through their physical structure and associated water retention capacity. Moss presence and species identity might therefore modify the impact of increases in temperature and precipitation on tree seedling establishment at the arctic‐alpine treeline. We followed Betula pubescens and Pinus sylvestris seedling survival and growth during three growing seasons in the field. Tree seedlings were transplanted along a natural precipitation gradient at the subarctic‐alpine treeline in northern Sweden, into plots dominated by each of three common moss species and exposed to combinations of moss removal and experimental warming by open‐top chambers (OTCs). Independent of climate, the presence of feather moss, but not Sphagnum, strongly supressed survival of both tree species. Positive effects of warming and precipitation on survival and growth of B. pubescens seedlings occurred in the absence of mosses and as expected, this was partly dependent on moss species. P. sylvestris survival was greatest at high precipitation, and this effect was more pronounced in Sphagnum than in feather moss plots irrespective of whether the mosses had been removed or not. Moss presence did not reduce the effects of OTCs on soil temperature. Mosses therefore modified seedling response to climate through other mechanisms, such as altered competition or nutrient availability. We conclude that both moss presence and species identity pose a strong control on seedling establishment at the alpine treeline, and that in some cases mosses weaken climate‐change effects on seedling establishment. Changes in moss abundance and species composition therefore have the potential to hamper treeline expansion induced by climate warming.
A historiography of populism and neopopulism in Latin America
Authors: Conniff Michael L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor over a half‐century, Latin American and other scholars have written reams and held innumerable conferences about the populist style of politics in the region. Historians quickly joined in with their theories, methods, and perspectives. Most literature focused on the classic period from the 1930s to 1970s, when populism dominated many nations' governments. In the 1980s and 1990s, as the region rebounded from military dictatorship, new leaders using populist methods won office and instituted economic policies in line with neoliberalism. This reappearance, called neopopulism, sparked new interest in the subject. Finally, after 2000, numerous left‐leaning politicians gave rise to a radical phase of neopopulism that lasted over a decade. This essay follows historians' and social scientists' work documenting and analyzing these phenomena.
The ability of lactic acid bacteria strains to remove di‐n‐butyl phthalate in simulated food matrices
Authors: Zhao Lili , Pan Xin , Yang Qingxiang , Zhao Ruixiang , Li Xinlei 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this study, DBP (Di‐n‐butyl phthalate) was used as an example to evaluate the plasticiser‐binding ability of lactic acid bacteria strains (LABs). Three strains of Lactobacillus plantarum 121, Leuconostoc mesenteroides DM12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM were selected from LABs to test their DBP binding ability in different simulated food matrices. The results indicated that starch, gelatinised starch and glucose could significantly promote the DBP binding efficiencies of LABs. Low‐concentration proteins (<5%) increased the binding rates. However, denatured protein had no significant effect on the DBP binding ability. On the contrary, amino acids reduced the binding rates. AFM detection results indicated that the cell morphology of LAB binding with DBP had no change after treated in gastrointestinal digestive simulation systems. Collectively, the LABs could be employed as a biological detoxification agent for human and animals by eliminating plasticiser from foods, feeds and digestive tract in the future.