bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncontrollable uterine atony after replacement of uterine inversion managed by hysterectomy: a case report
Authors: Katsura Daisuke , Moritani Suzuko , Tsuji Shunichiro , Suzuki Kounosuke , Yamada Kazutaka , Ohashi Mizuki , Kimura Fuminori , Murakami Takashi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Uterine inversion may cause massive hemorrhage, resulting in maternal deterioration and death. Replacement of the inverted uterus must be performed as soon as possible. As time passes, the inverted uterus becomes atonic and necrotic, and a surgical approach may be required.

Case presentation
A 27-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital 4 hours postpartum with increased hemorrhage after the replacement of an inverted uterus. Recurrent inversion was diagnosed, and though the atonic uterus was replaced again by the Johnson maneuver, hemorrhage persisted. Balloon tamponade was not successful in stopping the hemorrhage, and uterine artery embolization was performed. Bleeding resumed the next day on removal of the balloon, and hysterectomy was performed. Massive hemorrhage, coagulopathy, and uterine necrosis caused uterine atony, and the reperfused blood flow on replacement of the ischemic uterus increased hemorrhage.

Conclusions
Cases of uterine inversion with coagulopathy lasting for more than 4 hours may require a surgical intervention, and uterine replacement may have to be delayed until the maternal hemodynamic condition is stabilized. Uterine replacement under laparotomy may be also be considered due to the risk of increased hemorrhage.
Brain SPECT perfusion and PET metabolism as discordant biomarkers in major depressive disorder
Authors: Tastevin Maud , Boyer Laurent , Korchia Theo , Fond Guillaume , Lançon Christophe , Richieri Raphaëlle , Guedj Eric 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Brain SPECT perfusion and PET metabolism have been, most often interchangeably, proposed to study the underlying pathological process in major depressive disorder (MDD). The objective of this study was to specify similarities and inconsistencies between these two biomarkers according to global characteristics of the disease. We conducted a retrospective study in 16 patients suffering from treatment-resistant MDD who underwent, during the same current episode, a cerebral perfusion SPECT with 99mTc-HMPAO and a metabolic PET with 18F-FDG. Whole-brain voxel-based SPM(T) maps were generated in correlation with the number of depressive episodes and in correlation with the depression duration, separately for the two exams (p-voxel < 0.001 uncorrected, k > 20).

Results
No significant correlations were found between brain metabolism and either the number of depressive episodes or the duration of the disease, even at an uncorrected p-voxel < 0.005. On the other hand, the increased number of depressive episodes was correlated with decreased perfusion of the right middle frontal cortex, the right anterior cingulum cortex, the right insula, the right medial temporal cortex and the left precuneus. The increased depression duration was correlated with decreased perfusion of the right anterior cingulum cortex.

Conclusions
This preliminary study demonstrates more significant results with brain perfusion compared with glucose metabolism in treatment-resistant MDD, highlighting the value of brain SPECT despite less favourable instrumentation detection compared to PET.
Best-practice IgM- and IgA-enriched immunoglobulin use in patients with sepsis
Authors: Nierhaus Axel , Berlot Giorgio , Kindgen-Milles Detlef , Müller Eckhard , Girardis Massimo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Despite treatment being in line with current guidelines, mortality remains high in those with septic shock. Intravenous immunoglobulins represent a promising therapy to modulate both the pro- and anti-inflammatory processes and can contribute to the elimination of pathogens. In this context, there is evidence of the benefits of immunoglobulin M (IgM)- and immunoglobulin A (IgA)-enriched immunoglobulin therapy for sepsis. This manuscript aims to summarize current relevant data to provide expert opinions on best practice for the use of an IgM- and IgA-enriched immunoglobulin (Pentaglobin) in adult patients with sepsis.

Main text
Sepsis patients with hyperinflammation and patients with immunosuppression may benefit most from treatment with IgM- and IgA-enriched immunoglobulin (Pentaglobin). Patients with hyperinflammation present with phenotypes that manifest throughout the body, whilst the clinical characteristics of immunosuppression are less clear. Potential biomarkers for hyperinflammation include elevated procalcitonin, interleukin-6, endotoxin activity and C-reactive protein, although thresholds for these are not well-defined. Convenient biomarkers for identifying patients in a stage of immune-paralysis are still matter of debate, though human leukocyte antigen–antigen D related expression on monocytes, lymphocyte count and viral reactivation have been proposed. The timing of treatment is potentially more critical for treatment efficacy in patients with hyperinflammation compared with patients who are in an immunosuppressed stage. Due to the lack of evidence, definitive dosage recommendations for either population cannot be made, though we suggest that patients with hyperinflammation should receive an initial bolus at a rate of up to 0.6 mL (30 mg)/kg/h for 6 h followed by a continuous maintenance rate of 0.2 mL (10 mg)/kg/hour for ≥ 72 h (total dose ≥ 0.9 g/kg). For immunosuppressed patients, dosage is more conservative (0.2 mL [10 mg]/kg/h) for ≥ 72 h, without an initial bolus (total dose ≥ 0.72 g/kg).

Conclusions
Two distinct populations that may benefit most from Pentaglobin therapy are described in this review. However, further clinical evidence is required to strengthen support for the recommendations given here regarding timing, duration and dosage of treatment.
A sharp oscillation criterion for a difference equation with constant delay
Authors: Benekas Vasileios , Kashkynbayev Ardak , Stavroulakis Ioannis P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is known that all solutions of the difference equation$$\Delta x(n)+p(n)x(n-k)=0, \quad n\geq0, $$Δx(n)+p(n)x(n−k)=0,n≥0,where$\{p(n)\}_{n=0}^{\infty}${p(n)}n=0∞is a nonnegative sequence of reals andkis a natural number, oscillate if$\liminf_{n\rightarrow\infty}\sum_{i=n-k}^{n-1}p(i)> ( \frac {k}{k+1} ) ^{k+1}$lim infn→∞∑i=n−kn−1p(i)>(kk+1)k+1. In the case that$\sum_{i=n-k}^{n-1}p(i)$∑i=n−kn−1p(i)is slowly varying at infinity, it is proved that the above result can be essentially improved by replacing the above condition with$\limsup_{n\rightarrow\infty}\sum_{i=n-k}^{n-1}p(i)> ( \frac{k}{k+1} ) ^{k+1}$lim supn→∞∑i=n−kn−1p(i)>(kk+1)k+1. An example illustrating the applicability and importance of the result is presented.
Crowdsourcing to identify social innovation initiatives in health in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: van Niekerk Lindi , Ongkeko Arturo , Hounsell Rachel Alice , Msiska Barwani Khaura , Mathanga Don Pascal , Mothe Josselyn , Juban Noel , Awor Phyllis , Balabanova Dina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCrowdsourcing is a distributed problem-solving and production mechanism that leverages the collective intelligence of non-expert individuals and networked communities for specific goals. Social innovation (SI) initiatives aim to address health challenges in a sustainable manner, with a potential to strengthen health systems. They are developed by actors from different backgrounds and disciplines. This paper describes the application of crowdsourcing as a research method to explore SI initiatives in health.MethodsThe study explored crowdsourcing as a method to identify SI initiatives implemented in Africa, Asia and Latin America. While crowdsourcing has been used in high-income country settings, there is limited knowledge on its use, benefits and challenges in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. From 2014 to 2018, six crowdsourcing contests were conducted at global, regional and national levels.ResultsA total of 305 eligible projects were identified; of these 38 SI initiatives in health were identified. We describe the process used to perform a crowdsourcing contest for SI, the outcome of the contests, and the challenges and opportunities when using this mechanism in LMICs.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that crowdsourcing is a participatory method, that is able to identify bottom-up or grassroots SI initiatives developed by non-traditional actors.
Application of the normalized largest eigenvalue of structure tensor in the interpretation of potential field tensor data
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhou Wenna , Wu Guochao , Luo Weidong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObtaining horizontal edges and the buried depths of geological bodies, using potential field tensor data directly is an outstanding question. The largest eigenvalue of the structure tensor is one of the commonly used edge detectors for delineating the horizontal edges without depth information of the potential field tensor data. In this study, we presented a normalized largest eigenvalue of structure tensor method based on the normalized downward continuation (NDC) to invert the source location parameters without any priori information. To improve the stability and accuracy of the NDC calculation, the Chebyshev–Pade´ approximation downward continuation method was introduced to obtain the potential field data on different depth levels. The new approach was tested on various models data with and without noise, which validated that it can simultaneously obtain the horizontal edges and the buried depths of the geological bodies. The satisfactory results demonstrated that the normalized largest eigenvalue of structure tensor can describe the locations of geological sources and decrease the noise interference magnified by the downward continuation. Finally, the method was applied to the gravity data over the Humble salt dome in USA, and the near-bottom magnetic data over the Southwest Indian Ridge. The results show a good correspondence to the results of previous work.
d4PDF: large-ensemble and high-resolution climate simulations for global warming risk assessment
Authors: Ishii Masayoshi , Mori Nobuhito 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA large-ensemble climate simulation database, which is known as the database for policy decision-making for future climate changes (d4PDF), was designed for climate change risk assessments. Since the completion of the first set of climate simulations in 2015, the database has been growing continuously. It contains the results of ensemble simulations conducted over a total of thousands years respectively for past and future climates using high-resolution global (60 km horizontal mesh) and regional (20 km mesh) atmospheric models. Several sets of future climate simulations are available, in which global mean surface air temperatures are forced to be higher by 4 K, 2 K, and 1.5 K relative to preindustrial levels. Nonwarming past climate simulations are incorporated in d4PDF along with the past climate simulations. The total data volume is approximately 2 petabytes. The atmospheric models satisfactorily simulate the past climate in terms of climatology, natural variations, and extreme events such as heavy precipitation and tropical cyclones. In addition, data users can obtain statistically significant changes in mean states or weather and climate extremes of interest between the past and future climates via a simple arithmetic computation without any statistical assumptions. The database is helpful in understanding future changes in climate states and in attributing past climate events to global warming. Impact assessment studies for climate changes have concurrently been performed in various research areas such as natural hazard, hydrology, civil engineering, agriculture, health, and insurance. The database has now become essential for promoting climate and risk assessment studies and for devising climate adaptation policies. Moreover, it has helped in establishing an interdisciplinary research community on global warming across Japan.
Integrated Pliocene-Pleistocene magnetostratigraphy and tephrostratigraphy of deep-sea sediments at IODP Site U1424 (Yamato Basin, Japan Sea)
Authors: Xuan Chuang , Jin Yuxi , Sugisaki Saiko , Satoguchi Yasufumi , Nagahashi Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSediments from the semi-enclosed Japan Sea are sensitive to paleoclimatic perturbations and they offer great opportunities for many regional and global paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic studies. These studies often require a robust chronology. However, due to rare preservation of calcareous microfossils and drastic changes in surface water salinity during glacial lowstands, the construction of a traditional oxygen isotope stratigraphy for Japan Sea sediments is often difficult. Here, we use sediments recovered at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 346 Site U1424 to build an integrated Pliocene-Pleistocene reference magnetostratigraphy and tephrostratigraphy for sedimentary sequences from the region. Rock magnetic experiments indicate that magnetic remanence of Site U1424 sediments are carried primarily by (titano)magnetite with small contributions from high coercivity minerals (e.g., hematite) and possibly iron sulphides (pyrrhotite and/or greigite). Dark-colored sediments appear to contain less (titano)magnetite probably due to reductive diagenesis under euxinic conditions. Natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of u-channel samples covering a continuous ~ 167.6 m sediment sequence at Site U1424 was repeatedly measured at 1 cm intervals before and after stepwise demagnetization. Despite lower NRM intensity in dark-colored sediments, NRM directional data from both dark- and light-colored sediments are considered suitable for the construction of magnetostratigraphy. Site U1424 sediments clearly recorded the majority of the polarity chrons and subchrons within the last ~ 4.89 Myr, with the Cobb Mountain subchron, the end of Kaena subchron, and the onset of Nunivak subchron less well preserved. Sixteen tephra layers from the site were sampled for chemical composition analyses and the results were correlated to reference tephrostratigraphy of the region. Ages of the identified tephras are consistent with and can be well integrated with the magnetostratigraphy. The resulting age model suggests that sedimentation rates at Site U1424 range between ~ 1.7 and 7.6 cm/kyr with an average of ~ 3.3 cm/kyr. The acquired magnetostratigraphy and tephrostratigraphy at Site U1424 provide a reference chronology that can be correlated with and transferred to other sediment sequences in the region to study paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes of the region as well as their links to other regional and global changes.
Graphical abstract
Effect of hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of sediment layers on water film formation in submarine landslides
Authors: Kawakita Shogo , Asahina Daisuke , Takemura Takato , Hosono Hinako , Kitajima Keiji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThrough two lab-scale experiments, we investigated the hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of sediment layers during water film formation, induced by elevated pore pressure—considered one of the triggers of submarine landslides. These involved (1) sandbox experiments to prove the effect of water films on mass movement in low slope gradients and (2) experiments to observe the effect of the tensile strength of semi-consolidated sediment layers on water film formation. Portland cement was used to mimic the degree of sediment cementation. We observed a clear relationship between the amount of cement and pore pressure during water film formation; pressure evolution and sediment deformation demonstrated the hydraulic and mechanical characteristics. Based on the results of these experiments, conditions of the sediment layers during water film formation are discussed in terms of pore pressure, permeability, tensile strength, overburden pressure, and tectonic stresses. The results indicate that the tensile strength of the sediment interface provides critical information on the lower limit of the water film formation depth, which is related to the scale of potential submarine landslides.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy with reconstructing blood flow of the gastric conduit after esophagectomy with concomitant celiac axis stenosis: a case report
Authors: Minagawa Masaaki , Ichida Hirofumi , Yoshioka Ryuji , Gyoda Yu , Mizuno Tomoya , Imamura Hiroshi , Mise Yoshihiro , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Fukumura Yuki , Kato Kota , Kajiyama Yoshiaki , Saiura Akio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Pancreaticoduodenectomy after esophageal resection is technically difficult, because blood flow of the gastric conduit should be preserved. Celiac axis stenosis (CAS) is also a problem for pancreaticoduodenectomy, because arterial blood supply for the liver comes mainly through the collateral route from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) via the gastroduodenal artery (GDA). Herein, we report the case of a patient with pancreatic head cancer who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy after esophagectomy with concomitant CAS.

Case presentation
A 76-year-old man with pancreatic head cancer was referred to our department. He had a history of esophagectomy with retrosternal gastric conduit reconstruction for esophageal cancer. Computed tomography showed severe CAS and a dilated collateral route between the SMA and the splenic artery (SPA). We prepared several surgical options depending on the intraoperative findings, and performed radical pancreaticoduodenectomy with concomitant resection of the distal gastric conduit. The right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) of the remnant gastric conduit was fed from the left middle colic artery (MCA) with microvascular anastomosis. Despite CAS, when the GDA was dissected and clamped, good blood flow was confirmed, and the proper hepatic artery did not require reconstruction. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 90.

Conclusions
We successfully performed radical pancreaticoduodenectomy after esophagectomy with concomitant CAS, having prepared multiple surgical options depending upon the intraoperative findings.
Researchers, patients, and other stakeholders’ perspectives on challenges to and strategies for engagement
Authors: Heckert Andrea , Forsythe Laura P. , Carman Kristin L. , Frank Lori , Hemphill Rachel , Elstad Emily A. , Esmail Laura , Lesch Julie Kennedy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
There is growing interest in patient and stakeholder engagement in research, yet limited evidence about effective methods. Since 2012, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) has funded patient-centered comparative effectiveness research with a requirement for engaging patients and other stakeholders as research partners in study planning, conduct, and dissemination. This requirement, unique among large healthcare research funders in the US, provides an opportunity to learn about challenges encountered and specific strategies used by PCORI-funded study teams. The primary objective of this study is to describe -- from the perspective of PCORI investigators and research partners—the most common engagement challenges encountered in the first two years of the projects and promising strategies to prevent and overcome these challenges.

Methods
Descriptive information about investigators, partners, and their engagement was collected from investigators via annual (N = 235) and mid-year (N = 40) project progress reporting to PCORI, and from their partners (N = 260) via voluntary survey. Qualitative data were analyzed using content and thematic analyses.

Results
Investigators and partners most often described engagement challenges in three domains: (1) infrastructure to support engagement, (2) building relationships, and (3) maintaining relationships. Infrastructure challenges related to financial and human resources, including funding support and dedicated staff, identifying diverse groups of partners, and partners’ logistical needs. Challenges for both building and maintaining relationships encompass a variety of aspects of authentic, positive interactions that facilitate mutual understanding, full participation, and genuine influence on the projects. Strategies to prevent or mitigate engagement challenges also corresponded overall to the same three domains. Both groups typically described strategies more generally, with applicability to a range of challenges rather than specific actions to address only particular challenges.

Conclusion
Meaningful engagement of patients and other stakeholders comes with challenges, as does any innovation in the research process. The challenges and promising practices identified by these investigators and partners, related to engagement infrastructure and the building and maintenance of relationships, reveal actionable areas to improve engagement, including organizational policies and resources, training, new engagement models, and supporting engagement by viewing it as an investment in research uptake and impact.
A patient with myotonic dystrophy diagnosed after experiencing sudden respiratory failure: a case report
Authors: Nishihara Noriaki , Tachibana Shunsuke , Sonoda Hajime , Yamakage Michiaki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Myotonic dystrophy is a disorder affecting multiple organs including skeletal muscles and causes respiratory failure. We describe a patient who developed respiratory failure, with delayed diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 1 as the cause.

Case presentation
A 62-year-old woman developed acute onset of dyspnea after showing hypertension and tachycardia and was transported to our hospital. On arrival at our institution, SpO2 was 80% with a non-rebreather mask. With a diagnosis of acute phase heart failure, she underwent tracheal intubation. However, weaning from the respirator was difficult in the intensive care unit (ICU). A detailed interview revealed that her brother was affected with myotonic dystrophy type 1. She was also diagnosed with myotonic dystrophy type 1 by a genetic test.

Conclusions
Taking a careful past and family history and prompt genetic testing is required on suspicion of neuromuscular diseases in a patient with respiratory failure by an unknown cause.