bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of labor in breech presentation
Authors: Rojansky N , Tsafrir A , Ophir E , Ezra Y 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: Induction of labor in breech presentation, although not contraindicated, has rarely been reported. We have undertaken to evaluate the safety and outcome of this practice in two Israeli institutions along with a literature review of this controversial subject. Method: The research design was a retrospective case control study covering the years: 1980–1999. We have studied 53 term (>37 weeks) breech deliveries induced for various medical and obstetrical reasons, in two major regional hospitals in Israel. Induction was performed with prostaglandin E2 for the unripe cervix and with oxytocin for induction or augmentation when the cervix was ripe. Six women were induced by nipple stimulation. Controls were 53 women with spontaneous labor in breech presentation that had a trial of vaginal delivery, and 54 women with breech presentation who delivered by elective cesarean section. Result: No significant difference in the various maternal and fetal outcomes was observed. CS rate was comparable in both study and control groups (34% vs. 32%) and two‐thirds gave birth vaginally. Conclusions: In properly selected and carefully managed cases of breech presentation, induction of labor seems a safe and reasonable option.
The AMDD program: history, focus and structure
Authors: Maine D , Rosenfield A 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe AMDD (Averting Maternal Death and Disability) Program was established at the Mailman School of Public Health in 1999. In this article, we discuss four key aspects of the program: the focus on emergency obstetric care; the use of process indicators; working with partners; and applying human rights.
Service design and operations strategy formulation in multicultural markets
Authors: Pullman Madeleine E , Verma Rohit , Goodale John C 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBusinesses that service multicultural customer segments face unique challenges in developing the appropriate service strategy. While the strategic implications of expanding services from a domestic market to an international location have been well documented, multicultural customer segments at one location is a unique problem that has largely been neglected by researchers. This paper attempts to fill this gap by presenting a conceptual framework and method for determining the extent of service product and process attribute standardization versus customization in these settings. The paper presents an approach for modeling the preferences of different cultural segments, evaluating the differences between the segments and determining the appropriate service strategy for service providers. We evaluate the effects of competitors adopting their revenue maximizing strategy both independently of each other and simultaneously while assuming the size of the market is viewed as a zero sum game. In an actual application at an international airport terminal, one food‐service vendor implemented the suggested operations strategy and the result was a significant revenue gain over the previous year’s sales during the same period. The method has valuable implications for managers when developing strategies for delivering a service to multicultural customer segments.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of the thalamus in schizophrenia
Authors: Delamillieure P , Constans J.M , Fernandez J , Brazo P , Dollfus S 
Published: July 2002

This study applied1H-MRS in the thalamus of schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects.There were no differences in the metabolite ratios (NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr or mI/Cr) between the two groups. Relationships were noted between NAA/Cr and age in patients with a trend toward this correlation in controls, suggesting an effect of age on the metabolism of the thalamus.
Long-term treatment of chronic schizophrenia with risperidone: a study with plasma levels
Authors: Mauri M.C. , Laini V. , Boscati L. , Rudelli R. , Salvi V. , Orlandi R. , Papa P. 
Published: July 2002

Twenty-four chronic schizophrenic outpatients with a mean age of 37.21 years ± 9.96 SD were treated with risperidone (RSP) at the dosage of 2–9 mg/die (mean 4.46 mg/die ± 1.30 SD, mean 0.06 mg/kg ± 0.01 SD) for a year.Clinical evaluation was assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Extrapyramidal Side Effects Rating Scale (EPSE) and a checklist for Anticholinergic Side Effects (ACS) at T0, then after 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 3 (T3), 6 (T6), 9 (T9) and 12 (T12) months. RSP and 9-hydroxy-risperidone (9OH-RSP) plasma levels were determined at T12 by the HPLC method. BPRS and PANSS mean values showed a significant improvement during the study. No correlation between RSP dosage (mg/kg) and RSP, 9OH-RSP plasma levels or active moiety resulted. A positive correlation between age and active moiety was observed. A positive correlation between RSP and 9OH-RSP plasma levels was observed. A curvilinear relationship between active moiety and PANSS improvement (%) was observed. Patients with the higher PANSS amelioration showed RSP + 9OH-RSP plasma levels ranging from 15 to 30 ng/mL. RSP seems to be quite an effective drug. It seems, however, difficult to devise appropriate dose schedules and plasma level determination seems to be necessary in some cases.
Subtyping of panic disorder patients with bradycardia
Authors: Massana J. , López Risueño J.A. , Masana G. , Marcos T. , González L. , Otero A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPurposeSince clinical practice suggests that panic disorder may not be a homogeneous condition, a study was carried out to test the possible existence of different groups or subgroups of panic patients.Subjects and methodsThirty-two panic patients (DSM-III-R) underwent lactate challenge in our laboratory and were assessed for heart rate, blood pressure, sweating and Acute Panic Inventory.ResultsDuring the lactate challenge, patients complaining mainly of ‘cardiorespiratory’ symptoms (N = 12) showed tachycardia and localized sweating. Conversely, patients complaining mainly of ‘pseudoneurological’ symptoms (N = 16) showed bradycardia and generalized sweating. In both groups, Acute Panic Inventory scores were significantly higher during than before the panic attack, but the distribution of the scores was markedly different.Discussion and ConclusionThe results suggest that panic disorder may be a heterogeneous condition. Implications of these results to other phobic disorders, to Klein’s false suffocation alarm theory and to the ‘extended amygdala model’ are discussed.
Subjective effects of MDMA (‘Ecstasy’) on human sexual function
Authors: Zemishlany Z. , Aizenberg D. , Weizman A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSexual function following 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or ‘Ecstasy’) consumption was subjectively evaluated in 35 healthy recreational users (20 men and 15 women, aged 21–48 years) with regard to four major domains of sexual activity: desire, erection (lubrication in women), orgasm and satisfaction. Desire and satisfaction were moderately to profoundly increased by MDMA in more than 90% of subjects. Orgasm was delayed but perceived as more intense. Erection was impaired in 40% of the men. It seems that MDMA impairs sexual performance, in spite of enhancement of sexual desire and the perception of greater satisfaction.
Survey of patient satisfaction in adult psychiatric outpatient clinics
Authors: Barak Y. , Szor H. , Kimhi R. , Kam E. , Mester R. , Elizur A. 
Published: July 2002

A client satisfaction survey was undertaken in two adult psychiatric outpatient clinics. The anonymous self-report questionnaire covering demographic, setting and satisfaction with service variables was endorsed by 203 participants. The mean age of the subjects was 42.5 ± 19 years, with a small majority (58.6%) of females. Overall satisfaction with psychiatric care was high (79.8%). None of the demographic or setting variables correlated significantly with satisfaction. Psychoeducation was significantly correlated with level of satisfaction with services. These findings further emphasize the importance of psychoeducation by service providers in mental health.
The prognostic value of initial EDI scores in anorexia nervosa patients: a prospective follow-up study of 5–10 years
Authors: Bizeul C. , Sadowsky N. , Rigaud D. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAimTo study in a prospective manner the long-term prognostic value of the initially recorded Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) scores in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients.MethodsThe 5–10-year outcome of 26 consecutive malnourished AN patients was prospectively recorded according to the initial EDI score. We selected only patients with full 6-month assessments for more than 5 years (mean 8.5 years). Eating behavior, quality of life, autonomy and insight capacity were prospectively assessed by the Morgan-Russell scale and a semi-structured interview. At the end of follow-up, 13 patients recovered and the 13 others had a poor outcome.ResultsIn monovariate analyses, high initial EDI total score (P < .0007) and high initial scores for perfectionism (P < .001), ineffectiveness (P < .002), interpersonal distrust (P < .004), interoceptive awareness (P < .03) and drive for thinness (P < .05) were significantly associated with a poor prognosis 5–10 years afterward. In a multivariate analysis, only high initial scores for perfectionism (F = 8.43; P = 0.008) and interpersonal distrust (F = 7.46; P = 0.012) were significantly associated with illness severity.DiscussionHigh EDI total score and subscales for perfectionism and interpersonal distrust could predict a long-term severe outcome in AN.
The influence of comorbidity on the prevalence of suicidal behaviour
Authors: Lecrubier Y. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe existence of mental disorders is almost constant in subjects who try to kill themselves. In addition, a majority of attempters have more than one diagnosis.This is especially true if Axis II or Axis I subthreshold conditions are taken into account. The existence of a disorder largely explains the association between most socioeconomic variables (sex, marriage, education level) and suicidality. Depressive disorders are the major risk factor, a risk probably linked to a current episode just before the attempt. The association to depressive episodes of an anxiety disorder or the existence of impulsive traits (and/or cluster B personality disorder or drug abuse) increases the risk of acting out. Ideation and attempts show parallel onset curves peaking between the ages of 14 and 20 years, with the existence of a previous DSM III R diagnosis as a strong predictor. The number of associated disorders linearly increases the probability of attempting suicide and is the only significant predictor for lethality. A proper treatment of mental disorders could substantially lower suicidality.
The scientific and ethical basis for placebo-controlled trials in depression and schizophrenia: an FDA perspective
Authors: Laughren T.P. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThere is a tension between the need for scientifically valid trials of new psychotropic drugs and concern about conducting placebo-controlled trials, the trials psychopharmacologists consider the gold standard trial, when this requires that some patients be denied existing effective therapy. This paper will review the scientific principles supporting the need for placebo-controlled trials in depression and schizophrenia, and will provide preliminary data on failure rates of placebo-controlled trials for these disorders, as illustrations of the application of these principles. Next, the ethical issues pertinent to the conduct of placebo-controlled trials for these two serious psychiatric disorders will be reviewed. Preliminary data on suicides in placebo-controlled depression and schizophrenia trials will be presented to argue for the ethical acceptability of the conduct of placebo-controlled trials in these two conditions.
Violence and its prediction at a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Sjöström N. , Eder D.N. , Malm U. , Beskow J. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAggressive behaviour in psychiatric inpatients was assessed before and after a training course for staff members. The Social Dysfunction Aggression Scale (SDAS) was used to report and assess aggressive behaviour over time, and the Staff Observation Aggression Scale (SOAS) to report and assess single aggressive incidents. In addition, the numbers of nursing staff members who were on sick leave because of injuries in the periods before and after the course were recorded and compared. No statistically significant reduction was found in the number of aggressive patients or in the number of staff members on sick leave. One interesting finding was a lower reporting on the SOAS of perceived aggressive incidents after the training course in comparison with the SDAS reports. Directed verbal aggressiveness and violence towards things were found to be predictors of violence.
Charles Bonnet syndrome and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Alcántara AG , Valenciano L , Díaz-Ortuño A , Martínez-Navarro ML , Barcía D 
Published: July 2002

SummaryWe present two cases of Charles Bonnet syndrome in comorbidity with Parkinson’s disease. Patients developed visual hallucinosis before starting any antiparkisonian treatment. We briefly discuss the possible physiopathological mechanisms involving low visual acuity and Parkinson’s disease with visual hallucinosis.
Convertible debt: an effective financial instrument to control managerial opportunism
Authors: Isagawa Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper discusses the superiority of convertible debt to common debt and equity in controlling managerial opportunism. When managers have both empire‐building tendencies and fears of default, over‐investment occurs under low debt levels and under‐investment occurs under high debt levels. Convertible debt, which can adjust firms' debt levels by its convertibility, can restrict over‐investment and help firms to avoid under‐investment at the same time. In a simple setting, we show that well‐designed callable convertible debt has an important role in controlling managerial opportunistic behavior that neither common debt nor equity has.
Increasing awareness and improving the management of heart failure in Europe: the IMPROVEMENT of HF initiative
Authors:   The Study Group on Diagnosis of the Working Group on Heart Failure of The European Society of Cardiology
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Previous reports suggest that patients with suspected heart failure are inadequately investigated and that patients who do have heart failure are sub‐optimally treated. Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure have been published by the European Society of Cardiology and provide a framework for the management of heart failure against which to judge current medical practice. Both primary care and hospital physicians are responsible for ensuring appropriate management of patients with heart failure. This programme concentrates on management of heart failure in primary care and is complementary to a similar exercise that will be conducted in 50 European regions (EUROHEART‐CHF).Aims:The IMPROVEMENT of HF initiative investigates, in Europe, how primary care physicians perceive heart failure should be diagnosed and treated and whether they perceive that they are provided with adequate support to implement best medical practice. Subsequently, their perceptions are compared to their actual practice by reviewing relevant case notes. The results will be used to recommend changes in practice. A future study is planned to analyse the impact of the initiative.Methods:The initiative comprises a research phase and an educational phase. For the research phase, 10 regional centres (to include both urban and rural areas) from each of 14 participating countries have been identified and each region has randomly selected 10 primary healthcare physicians. The primary healthcare physicians are participating in two surveys: a ‘perception’ survey and an ‘actual practice’ survey. For the ‘actual practice’ survey, the physicians are supplying case notes of nine patients who have or are at high risk of having heart failure. The results of these surveys will be used to organise an educational programme.Conclusion:This study is expected to provide valuable data on the perceptions of primary care physicians about heart failure, possible deficiencies in the current provision of care and how any deficiencies may be corrected.
Views on Involving a Social Support Person During Labor in Zambian Maternities
Authors: Maimbolwa Margaret C. , Sikazwe Nsama , Yamba Bawa , Diwan Vinod , Ransjö‐Arvidson Anna‐Berit 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTBecause social support persons are excluded from modern obstetric care in Zambia, the aim of this study was to explore the views of 84 mothers and 40 health staff about allowing women to be attended by a supportive companion during labor in Zambian urban and rural maternities. Most of the mothers wanted a companion present to provide emotional and practical support. Those who were opposed to the idea had nobody to ask to be with them, or they had relatives who would interfere with the care provided.All health staff cited hospital policy as the principal reason for prohibiting social support persons from staying with laboring women. They also said that the health staff's role is to care for laboring women, and they worried that social support persons could interfere with their work by giving the laboring women traditional medicine. However, most health staff also said that a social support person could help the laboring women and give her a sense of security.The study concludes that Zambian maternity staff should be exposed to new research findings about the benefits of social support during childbirth and that this practice should be encouraged in Zambia. Ultimately, it should be the laboring woman who decides whether she wants to bring a social support person to the labor ward.
BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE IN WOMEN: EVIDENCE FOR PRACTICE
Authors: Sampselle Carolyn M. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTIn the past, clinicians have relied heavily on pharmacologic and surgical interventions for urinary incontinence in women. However, evidence now exists that less invasive, behavioral therapies can be extremely effective in helping women become continent; thus, strategies that involve bladder and pelvic floor muscle training should generally be the first line of treatment. Before behavioral intervention is initiated, it is important to assess for any medical or associated conditions that should be treated first. Bladder training enables women to accommodate increasingly greater volumes of urine in the bladder and gradually to extend the interval between voiding. Pelvic floor muscle training increases awareness of function and strengthens these voluntary muscles, promoting continence.
Interface‐Induced Pseudocapacitance in Nonporous Heterogeneous Particles for High Volumetric Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhao Bo , Liu Qianqian , Chen Yujie , Liu Qian , Yu Qian , Wu Hao Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeveloping pseudocapacitive materials for electrochemical energy storage generally relies on the formation of nanosize and/or nanoporous particles with short solid‐state diffusion distance and high surface area, which leads to low volumetric capacity and severe parasitic reactions. In this work, nonporous bulky heterogeneous particles composed of TiO2 matrix and phosphorus are reported for high volumetric pseudocapacitive Na storage. An in situ formed 3D titanium phosphate interphase serves as a fast ionic transport network, allowing rapid sodiation/desodiation processes within the particles. Such nonporous heterogeneous particles exhibit “interface‐induced pseudocapacitance” with an enhanced volumetric capacity, which is over 50% higher than that of commercial hard carbon anodes. This study demonstrates heterogeneous particles with a well‐engineered nanostructure as a new paradigm for electrode materials design.
Transparent Hole‐Transporting Frameworks: A Unique Strategy to Design High‐Performance Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Cheng Pei , Wang Hao‐Cheng , Zhu Yuan , Zheng Ran , Li Tengfei , Chen Chung‐Hao , Huang Tianyi , Zhao Yepin , Wang Rui , Meng Dong , Li Yaowen , Zhu Chenhui , Wei Kung‐Hwa , Zhan Xiaowei , Yang Yang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThanks to the nature of molecular orbitals, the absorption spectra of organic semiconductors are not continuous like those in traditional inorganic semiconductors, which offers a unique application of organic photovoltaics (OPVs): semitransparent OPVs. Recently, the exciting progress of materials design has promoted the development of semitransparent OPVs. However, in the perspective of device engineering, almost all reported works reduce the thickness of back/reflected electrode to obtain high average visible transmittance (AVT), which is a trade‐off between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the transmittance of the whole solar spectrum (visible and infrared), and therefore limit the further development. Herein, a unique strategy of “transparent hole‐transporting frameworks” is proposed. A hole‐transporting large‐bandgap polymer (poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine (PTAA)) is employed to partially replace polymer donors in the active layer of PBDB‐T/Y1. PTAA is a p‐type polymer with a large bandgap of 2.9 eV; the partial substitution of PBDB‐T by PTAA reduces the absorption of the active layer only in the visible region, keeping the hole‐transporting pathways as well as the optimized film morphology. As a result, semitransparent OPVs with PCEs of 12% and AVTs of 20% are achieved, both on rigid and flexible substrates. To demonstrate the generality, this strategy is also used in three different active layers.
Chemische Batterien mit CO2
Authors: Schlögl Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDas Bestreben, aus CO2 mittels katalytischer Reduktion Wertstoffe zu gewinnen und damit einen Beitrag zur Bekämpfung der Treibhausgasemissionen zu leisten, führt zu enormen Anstrengungen in der chemischen Forschung. Die Dimensionen von Energiesystemen auf der einen Seite und der notwendige Transport und Handel mit global gewonnenen erneuerbaren Energien auf der anderen Seite werden den Einsatz von chemischen Batterien neben der lokalen Gewinnung von erneuerbarer Energie als elektrischem Strom erfordern. Die Synthese von Methanol ist eine wesentliche Option für chemische Batterien und wird daher detailliert beschrieben. Es zeigt sich, dass ein notwendiges, gesichertes, fundamentales Verständnis der Prozesse und Katalysatoren für die Hydrierung von CO2 immer noch nicht existiert.
B‐Site Co‐Alloying with Germanium Improves the Efficiency and Stability of All‐Inorganic Tin‐Based Perovskite Nanocrystal Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Maning , Pasanen Hannu , Ali‐Löytty Harri , Hiltunen Arto , Lahtonen Kimmo , Qudsia Syeda , Smått Jan‐Henrik , Valden Mika , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Vivo Paola 
Published: August 2020

AbstractColloidal lead‐free perovskite nanocrystals have recently received extensive attention because of their facile synthesis, the outstanding size‐tunable optoelectronic properties, and less or no toxicity in their commercial applications. Tin (Sn) has so far led to the most efficient lead‐free solar cells, yet showing highly unstable characteristics in ambient conditions. Here, we propose the synthesis of all‐inorganic mixture Sn‐Ge perovskite nanocrystals, demonstrating the role of Ge2+ in stabilizing Sn2+ cation while enhancing the optical and photophysical properties. The partial replacement of Sn atoms by Ge atoms in the nanostructures effectively fills the high density of Sn vacancies, reducing the surface traps and leading to a longer excitonic lifetime and increased photoluminescence quantum yield. The resultant Sn‐Ge nanocrystals‐based devices show the highest efficiency of 4.9 %, enhanced by nearly 60 % compared to that of pure Sn nanocrystals‐based devices.