bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Analysis of Brief Motivational Intervention Following Trauma Related to Drugs and Alcohol
Authors: Cordovilla-Guardia Sergio , Ortega-Ortega Marta , Epstein David , Fernández-Mondéjar Enrique , Vilar-López Raquel 
Published: June 2020

Background
Very few studies have conducted an economic assessment of brief motivational intervention (BMI) in patients experiencing traumatic injuries related to alcohol and/or substance use. Furthermore, findings concerning the potential long-term economic benefits of BMI applied in nursing are promising but very scarce.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to analyze the costs and benefits associated with the application of a BMI program by nursing staff to patients hospitalized for trauma related to substance use.

Methods
An analysis of costs and benefits was conducted in a nonrandomized study of a retrospective cohort of patients. An intervention and follow-up (of 10–52 months) of patients between 16 and 70 years of age admitted for traumatic injuries in University Hospital of Granada were carried out with a cohort of 294 patients (intervention = 162 vs. no intervention = 132) between 2011 and 2016. The National Health Service’s perspective on the use of medical resources and the costs associated with intervention and recidivism was considered. A cost analysis with a 5-year time frame and a subsequent analysis of sensitivity were conducted.

Results
Direct medical costs associated with trauma recidivism were significantly lower in patients who received BMI, as compared to patients who did not receive it, €751.82 per patient (95% CI €13.15 to €1,490.48) in the first year. The cost–benefit ratio of €74.92 at 4 years reflects National Health Service savings for each euro invested in BMI.

Discussion
The implementation of BMI programs in nursing care may be profitable from an economic standpoint, justifying the inclusion of these programs in hospitals both because of their efficacy and the potential savings incurred by the health system. This study addresses the lack of evidence regarding the economic implications linked to the effectiveness of the intervention to reduce substance use and trauma recidivism. Results identify BMI delivered in hospitals by nurses as a technique that offers the potential for reducing costs linked to trauma recidivism. The research has important practical implications for hospital nurses and doctors.
Benefits of Patient/Caregiver Engagement in Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Compared With Other Sources of Reporting in the Inpatient Setting: A Systematic Review
Authors: Prakasam Dhanuvarshini , Wong Adrian L. , Smithburger Pamela L. , Buckley Mitchell S. , Kane-Gill Sandra L. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives
Clinicians learn from prior adverse events through pharmacovigilance allowing for improved medication safety in the medication use process; therefore, adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting needs to be maximized. This systematic review was conducted to determine whether engaging patients/caregivers in ADR reporting during a patient’s hospitalization provides further information about ADRs not obtained from traditional sources of reporting (i.e., voluntary reporting, medical record review).

Methods
This review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. A literature search was conducted from January 2018 to June 2019 in PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. Studies were included if they were (i) conducted in the inpatient setting, (ii) surveyed patients/caregivers, (iii) compared patient/caregiver reporting with another source of reporting, and (iv) evaluated ADRs. Studies completed in an outpatient setting or nursing home were excluded.

Results
A total of 11 studies were included. Sources of ADR information from patient/caregiver were obtained through interviews, surveys, questionnaires, or open-ended responses. Patient reporting was compared with medical record reports (7 articles) and health care professional reporting (4 articles). Approximately 11% to 35% of ADRs reported from patients were not identified through voluntary reporting by health care professionals, and 5.6% to 66% of ADRs obtained from patient reporting were not provided in the medical record.

Conclusions
Patients/caregivers are important sources of safety information to improve system and practice of medication use that may not be recorded by other surveillance methods. Administrators and clinicians need to determine the best approach to integrate patients/caregivers into routine reporting for optimal engagement.
Evaluation of Protective Properties of Commercially Available Medical Helmets: Are Medical Helmets Protective?
Authors: Barrett Blake , Peterson Matthew J. , Phillips Sam L. , Lloyd John , Cowan Linda , Friedman Yvonne , Ramaiah Padmaja , Neily Julia , Bulat Tatjana 
Published: June 2020

Objectives
The aims of the study were to evaluate and to compare protective properties of commercially available medical helmets for a set of standardized head injury risk measures.

Methods
Eleven helmet types were evaluated to represent the variety of commercially available medical helmet designs and manufacturers. A test mannequin and sensor apparatus were used to simulate a backward-standing fall. The head/neck size, mass, and “standing” height of the mannequin (5′9″) were representative of a 50th percentile male. A triaxial array was placed at the head center of mass to position 3 linear accelerometers and 3 angular rate sensors. Data were collected for 5 single trials for each helmet, as well as 5 repeated trials. Five trials were also collected with no helmet scenarios. Three head injury risk measures were examined (linear acceleration, angular acceleration, and head injury criterion). Data were analyzed by clinical cutoff thresholds and continuous values.

Results
Helmets varied in their performance across head injury risk measures. All helmets provided higher levels of protection compared with no helmet scenarios. No helmets were protective for subdural hematoma (measured by angular acceleration). All helmets lost protective properties with repeated falls. Results for skull fracture risk were inconsistent between linear acceleration and head injury criterion injury risk measures.

Conclusions
No helmets were protective across all head injury risk measures. Medical helmets may reduce some fall injury severity but may not prevent all types of head injury. All helmets exhibited worsening of protective properties with repeated falls. We recommend medical helmets be replaced after each fall incident where the helmet impacts another surface.
Genomic modeling as an approach to identify surrogates for use in experimental validation of SARS-CoV-2 and HuNoVs inactivation by UV-C treatment
Authors: Pendyala Brahmaiah , Patras Ankit , D’Souza Doris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that continues to pose significant public health concerns. While research to deliver vaccines and antivirals are being pursued, various effective technologies to control its environmental spread are also being targeted. Ultraviolet light (UV-C) technologies are effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms when used even on large surface areas. In this study, we developed a pyrimidine dinucleotide frequency based genomic model to predict the sensitivity of select enveloped and non-enveloped viruses to UV-C treatments in order to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 and human noroviruses surrogates. The results revealed that this model was best fitted using linear regression with r2=0.90. The predicted UV-C sensitivity (D90- dose for 90% inactivation) for SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV was found to be 21 and 28 J/m2, respectively (with an estimated 18 J/m2as published for SARS-CoV-1), suggesting that coronaviruses are highly sensitive to UV-C light compared to other ssRNA viruses used in this modeling study. Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) A59 strain with a D90of 21 J/m2close to that of SARS-CoV-2 was identified as a suitable surrogate to validate SARS-CoV-2 inactivation by UV-C treatment. Furthermore, the non-enveloped human noroviruses (HuNoVs), had predicted D90values of 69.1, 89 and 77.6 J/m2for genogroups GI, GII and GIV, respectively. Murine norovirus (MNV-1) of GV with a D90= 100 J/m2was identified as a potential conservative surrogate for UV-C inactivation of these HuNoVs. This study provides useful insights for the identification of potential nonpathogenic surrogates to understand inactivation kinetics and their use in experimental validation of UV-C disinfection systems. This approach can be used to narrow the number of surrogates used in testing UV-C inactivation of other human and animal ssRNA viral pathogens for experimental validation that can save cost, labor and time.
Granger-Causal Testing for Irregularly Sampled Time Series with Application to Nitrogen Signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Heerah Sachin , Molinari Roberto , Guerrier Stéphane , Marshall-Colon Amy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMotivationIdentification of system-wide causal relationships can contribute to our understanding of long-distance, intercellular signaling in biological organisms. Dynamic transcriptome analysis holds great potential to uncover coordinated biological processes between organs. However, many existing dynamic transcriptome studies are characterized by sparse and often unevenly spaced time points that make the identification of causal relationships across organs analytically challenging. Application of existing statistical models, designed for regular time series with abundant time points, to sparse data may fail to reveal biologically significant, causal relationships. With increasing research interest in biological time series data, there is a need for new statistical methods that are able to determine causality within and between time series data sets. Here, a statistical framework was developed to identify (Granger) causal gene-gene relationships of unevenly spaced, multivariate time series data from two different tissues ofArabidopsis thalianain response to a nitrogen signal.ResultsThis work delivers a statistical approach for modelling irregularly sampled bivariate signals which embeds functions from the domain of engineering that allow to adapt the model’s dependence structure to the specific sampling time. Using Maximum-Likelihood to estimate the parameters of this model for each bivariate time series, it is then possible to use bootstrap procedures for small samples (or asymptotics for large samples) in order to test for Granger-Causality. When applied to theArabidopsis thalianadata, the proposed approach produced 3,078 significant interactions, in which 2,012 interactions have root causal genes and 1,066 interactions have shoot causal genes. Many of the predicted causal and target genes are known players in local and long-distance nitrogen signaling, including genes encoding transcription factors, hormones, and signaling peptides. Of the 1,007 total causal genes (either organ), 384 are either known or predicted mobile transcripts, suggesting that the identified causal genes may be directly involved in long-distance nitrogen signaling through intercellular interactions. The model predictions and subsequent network analysis identified nitrogen-responsive genes that can be further tested for their specific roles in long-distance nitrogen signaling.AvailabilityThe method was developed with the R statistical software and is made available thorugh the R package “irg” hosted on the GitHub repositoryhttps://github.com/SMAC-Group/irg. A sample data set is made available as an example to apply the method and the completeArabidopsis thalianadata can be found at:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE97500.Contactamymc@illinois.edu
Quorum sensing-induced phenotypic switching as a regulatory nutritional stress response in a competitive two-species biofilm: An individual-based cellular automata model
Authors: Chirathanamettu Tejesh Reddy , Pawar Parag D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCompetition for nutrients in a polymicrobial biofilm may lead to susceptible species being subjected to nutritional stress. The influence of bacterial growth rates and interspecies interactions on their susceptibility and response to nutritional stress is not well understood.Pseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureusare two prevalent causative pathogens that coexist in biofilm-associated infections. Despite being the slower-growing species,P. aeruginosadominates in a two-species biofilm by inducing phenotypic switching ofS. aureusto a metabolically-challenged small colony variant (SCV) via the release of 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO). We hypothesize thatP. aeruginosaexperiences nutritional stress in competition withS. aureus, and that the release of HQNO is an adaptive response to nutritional stress. We present an individual-based two-species biofilm model in which interactions between entities induce emergent properties. As the biofilm matured, the difference in growth rates of the two species caused a non-uniform distribution of nutrients leading to nutritional stress forP. aeruginosaand a concurrent increase in the proportion ofS. aureussubpopulation. The latter resulted in increased release of autoinducer, and subsequently the upregulation ofP. aeruginosacells via quorum sensing. UpregulatedP. aeruginosacells released HQNO at enhanced rates, thereby inducing phenotypic switching ofS. aureusto SCVs which consume nutrient at a reduced rate. This shifted the nutrient distribution back in favor ofP. aeruginosa, thereby relieving nutritional stress. Increase in nutritional stress potentiated the transformation ofS. aureusinto SCVs. HQNO production decreased once nutritional stress was relieved, indicating that phenotypic switching acts as a regulatory stress-adaptive response.
Cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 conferred by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of different species
Authors: Tang Yan-Dong , Li Yu-Ming , Sun Jing , Zhang Hong-Liang , Wang Tong-Yun , Sun Ming-Xia , Yang Yue-Lin , Hu Xiao-Liang , Zhao Jincun , Cai Xui-Hui 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a huge threat to many countries around the world. However, where is it origin and which animals are sensitive to cross-species transmission is unclear. The interaction of virus and cell receptor is a key determinant of host range for the novel coronavirus. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is demonstrated as the primary entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 entry mediated by ACE2 of 11 different species of animals, and discovered that ACE2 ofRhinolophus sinicus(Chinese horseshoe bat),Felis catus(domestic cat),Canis lupus familiaris(dog),Sus scrofa(pig),Capra hircus(goat) and especiallyManis javanica(Malayan pangolin) were able to render SARS-CoV-2 entry in non-susceptible cells. This is the first report that ACE2 of Pangolin could mediate SARS-CoV-2 entry which increases the presume that SARS-CoV-2 may have a pangolin origin. However, none of the ACE2 proteins fromRhinolophus ferrumequinum(greater horseshoe bat),Gallus gallus(chicken),Notechis scutatus(mainland tiger snake),Mus musculus(house mouse) rendered SARS-CoV-2 entry. Specifically, a natural isoform ofMacaca mulatta(Rhesus monkey) ACE2 with a mutation of Y217N was resistance to infection, which rises the possible impact of this type of ACE2 during monkey studies of SARS-CoV-2. Overall, these results clarify that SARS-CoV-2 could engage receptors of multiple species of animals and it is a perplexed work to track SARS-CoV-2 origin and its intermediate hosts.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we illustrated that SARS-CoV-2 is able to engage receptors of multiple species of animals. This indicated that it may be a perplexed work to track SARS-CoV-2 origin and discover its intermediate hosts. This feature of virus is considered to potentiate its diverse cross-species transmissibility. Of note, here is the first report that ACE2 of Pangolin could mediate SARS-CoV-2 entry which increases the possibility that SARS-CoV-2 may have a pangolin origin. And we also demonstrated that not all species of bat were sensitive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. At last, it is also important to detect the expression ratio of the Y217N ACE2 to the prototype in Rhesus monkeys to be recruited for studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Cdc48 regulates intranuclear quality control sequestration of the Hsh155 splicing factor
Authors: Mathew Veena , Kumar Arun , Jiang Yangyang K. , West Kyra , Tam Annie S. , Stirling Peter C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCdc48/VCP is a highly conserved ATPase chaperone that plays an essential role in the assembly or disassembly of protein-DNA complexes and in degradation of misfolded proteins. We find that Cdc48 accumulates during cellular stress at intranuclear protein quality control (INQ) sites. Cdc48 function is required to suppress INQ formation under non-stress conditions and to promote recovery following genotoxic stress. Cdc48 physically associates with the INQ substrate and splicing factor Hsh155 and regulates its assembly with partner proteins. Accordingly,cdc48mutants have defects in splicing and show spontaneous distribution of Hsh155 to INQ aggregates where it is stabilized. Overall, this study shows that Cdc48 regulates deposition of proteins at INQ and suggests a previously unknown role for Cdc48 in the regulation or stability of splicing subcomplexes.
Broad gene expression throughout the mouse and marmoset brain after intravenous delivery of engineered AAV capsids
Authors: Flytzanis Nicholas C. , Goeden Nick , Goertsen David , Cummins Alexander , Pickel James , Gradinaru Viviana 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTGenetic intervention is increasingly explored as a therapeutic option for debilitating disorders of the central nervous system. The safety and efficacy of gene therapies relies upon expressing a transgene in affected cells while minimizing off-target expression. To achieve organ/cell-type specific targeting after intravenous delivery of viral vectors, we employed a Cre-transgenic-based screening platform for fast and efficient capsid selection, paired with sequential engineering of multiple surface-exposed loops. We identified capsid variants that are enriched in the brain and detargeted from the liver in mice. The improved enrichment in the brain extends to non-human primates, enabling robust, non-invasive gene delivery to the marmoset brain following IV administration. Importantly, the capsids identified display non-overlapping cell-type tropisms within the brain, with one exhibiting high specificity to neurons. The ability to cross the blood–brain barrier with cell-type specificity in rodents and non-human primates enables new avenues for basic research and potential therapeutic interventions unattainable with naturally occurring serotypes.
ER – lysosome contacts at a pre-axonal region regulate axonal lysosome availability
Authors: Özkan Nazmiye , Koppers Max , van Soest Inge , van Harten Alexandra , Liv Nalan , Klumperman Judith , Hoogenraad Casper C. , Farías Ginny G. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTNeuronal function relies on careful coordination of organelle organization and transport. Kinesin-1 mediates transport of the ER and lysosomes into the axon and it is increasingly recognized that contacts between the ER and lysosomes influence organelle organization. However, it is unclear how organelle organization, inter-organelle communication and transport are linked and how this contributes to local organelle availability in neurons. Here, we show that somatic ER tubules are required for proper lysosome transport into the axon. Somatic ER tubule disruption causes accumulation of enlarged and less motile lysosomes at the soma. ER tubules regulate lysosome size and axonal translocation by promoting lysosome homo-fission. ER tubule – lysosome contacts often occur at a somatic pre-axonal region, where the kinesin-1-binding ER-protein P180 binds microtubules to promote kinesin-1-powered lysosome fission and subsequent axonal translocation. We propose that ER tubule – lysosome contacts at a pre-axonal region finely orchestrate axonal lysosome availability for proper neuronal function.
Polygenic local adaptation in metapopulations: a stochastic eco-evolutionary model
Authors: Szép Enikő , Sachdeva Himani , Barton Nick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the conditions for local adaptation in a metapopulation with infinitely many islands under a model of hard selection, where population size depends on local fitness. Each island belongs to one of two distinct ecological niches or habitats. Fitness is influenced by an additive trait which is under habitat-dependent directional selection. Our analysis is based on the diffusion approximation and accounts for both genetic drift and demographic stochasticity. By neglecting linkage disequilibria, it yields the joint distribution of allele frequencies and population size on each island. We find that under hard selection, the conditions for local adaptation in a rare habitat are more restrictive for more polygenic traits: even moderate migration load per locus at very many loci is sufficient for population sizes to decline. This further reduces the efficacy of selection at individual loci due to increased drift and because smaller populations are more prone to swamping due to migration, causing a positive feedback between increasing maladaptation and declining population sizes. Our analysis also highlights the importance of demographic stochasticity, which exacerbates the decline in numbers of maladapted populations, leading to population collapse in the rare habitat at significantly lower migration than predicted by deterministic arguments.
The Effect of Choline Alphoscerate on Non spatial memory and Neurogenesis in a Rat Model of Dual Stress
Authors: Yu Hyo Jeong , Kim Min Jung , Park Jung Mee , Park So Young , Park Shi Nae , Yang Dong Won 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCholine alphoscerate (α-GPC) is a choline-based compound and acetylcholine precursor commonly found in the brain; it has been known to be effective in treating neuronal injury and increasing the levels of acetylcholine (Ach) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which in turn enhances memory and cognitive function. This study was designed to establish rat models of dual stress using noise and restraint in order to investigate the effect of α-GPC on cognitive function and neurogenesis after dual stress. The rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: a control group (CG), a control with α-GPC group (CDG), a noise-restraint stress group (NRSG), and a noise-restraint stress with α-GPC group (NRSDG). Two experimental groups were exposed to the double stress stimuli of noise and restraint, which involved 110dB sound pressure level (SPL) white band noise and restraint at the same time for 3 hours/day for 7 days. While the CG and NRSG received saline, the CDG and NRSDG received α-GPC (400mg/kg) orally after stress exposure. The α-GPC–treated group showed increased memory function compared to the dual stress group in the novel object recognition test. In analysis of the hippocampus, the α-GPC–treated group showed greater Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and BDNF expression compared to the dual stress group. The α-GPC–treated group showed significantly increased neuroblast expression compared to the dual stress group, which suggests that α-GPC enhances BDNF expression and protects the activity of the immature cells at the dentate gyrus. Our results suggest that α-GPC treatment can protect cognitive function and neurogenesis in a dual stress model.