bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How information sharing at information grounds helps reconnect a religiously divided society? Cafés, Christians and Muslims in Ambon, Indonesia
Authors: Rohman Abdul 
Published: April 2020

PurposeDifferent worldviews have been posed as constraining to information sharing. Religion is one element that constitutes the way people view the world. In many countries, religion has become a source for violent conflicts. This study investigates how Christians and Muslims in Ambon, Indonesia shared information at cafes situated at border areas and it helped the two religious communities reconcile their different worldviews after over a decade of living in conflicts.Design/methodology/approachInformed by information grounds theory, this study analyzes data collected through a series of observation at three cafes situated at border areas and in-depth interviews with 31 informants. The analysis illuminates the processes that enable Christians and Muslims to exchange their different worldviews.FindingsThis study found that, after the conflict, Christian and Muslim communities longed for the interaction they had with the other as it was before the conflict. However, these same communities tended to remain in there religiously homogenous environments as there was a conception that the others' area was unsafe. Cafés at the borders became platforms to fulfill the need to meet with the other, promoting inter-religious interactions. At the cafés, an array of information was shared to establish mutual interests, from which more meaningful interpersonal relationships such as friendship and collaboration arose. Such relationships allowed regular visitors to exchange worldviews, re-stitching the broken social fabric in post-conflict Ambon.Originality/valueThis study expands the applicability of information grounds theory to the context of a religious conflict in Southeast Asia. It demonstrates processes of how continuous interactions at information grounds can gradually facilitate communities with adversarial relationships to exchange their different worldviews.
The complex information needs of disadvantaged young first-time mothers: insights into multiplicity of needs
Authors: Buchanan Steven , Jardine Cara 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to holistically explore the information needs of socioeconomically disadvantaged young first-time mothers and associated issues of complexity.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used survey and semi-structured field interviews with 39 young mothers (aged 15–23) from UK areas of multiple deprivations.FindingsParticipants reported multiple and complex needs spanning interrelated topics of parenting, poverty and personal development. In the majority of instances, participants were either unsure of their ability to meet their needs or needed help with needs, and several described situations of considerable anxiety and stress. Multiplicity is identified and conceptualised as an important factor contributing to complexity, including three component elements: simultaneous occurrence of needs (concurrency), relationships between needs (interconnectivity) and evolving needs (fluidity). In various combinations, these elements influenced a mother's actions and/or ability to selectively attend to needs, with multiple needs often competing for attention, and compounding issues of cognitive load and affect.Research limitations/implicationsThis study draws attention to multiplicity of needs as an understudied topic within human information behaviour and calls for further research into how people recognise and attend to complex needs and influencing factors.Practical implicationsThis study raises important questions regarding how we approach complexity of information needs in our design and delivery of information systems and services.Originality/valueEvidences disadvantaged young mothers to have more extensive and complex information needs than previously understood, and identifies and conceptualised multiplicity as an important factor contributing to the complexity of information needs during major life transitions such as motherhood.
The impact of general police officer outlooks on their attitudes toward body-worn cameras
Authors: Phillips Scott W. , Kim Dae-Young , Gramaglia Joseph 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe past five years have seen a growth in studies of police body-worn cameras (BWCs). A large share of the research focused on individual officer attitudes toward these new law enforcement tools. The scholarship, however, focused almost exclusively on their positive and negative perceptions of body cameras or correlations between those attitudes and general officer characteristics. This study examined whether the influence of negative or “concerning” policing attitudes toward body cameras is mediated by other variables, such as officer outlooks toward law enforcement, officers' perceptions of citizen cooperation or their opinions of the public.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was distributed to a convenience sample of police offices from two Northeastern police agencies.FindingsFindings indicate that the relationship between experience and concerning perceptions of body cameras is mediated by distrust in citizens and perceived civilian cooperation. Further, an office's outlooks regarding aggressive law enforcement tactics do not have a direct effect on concerning perceptions of body cameras, nor do they serve as a mediator between years of experience and concerning perceptions of body cameras.Originality/valueFindings uncover the nuance and complexity of studying and understanding police officer outlooks and perceptions of BWCs. Future experimental designs should include general outlook measures.
Orchid sexual deceit affects pollinator sperm transfer
Authors: Brunton Martin Amy L. , O'Hanlon James C. , Gaskett Anne C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

For many animals, sperm can be a limiting resource and impact lifetime reproductive success. Sperm limitation can arise from reduced male availability in a population, but may also be a consequence of external influences, such as sperm wastage. If sperm is finite and not always cost‐free to produce, do males vary sperm use strategies in response to sperm limitation? One way to answer this is to examine male sperm allocation in response to sexual deception that elicits sperm wastage.

Cryptostylis orchids trick their parasitoid wasp pollinator, male Lissopimpla excelsa, into mating with the flower and ejaculating. For many parasitoids sperm is limited; so this exploitative interaction could impose a high cost to males. Here, we ask whether this duped wasp can become sperm limited, and whether this impacts his ejaculate size following deception. Sperm limitation has implications for his future and lifetime reproductive success, and consequently, the ultimate fitness of the orchid, and the evolutionary maintenance of orchid deception systems in general.

We compared sperm use and availability for male L. excelsa wasps from wild populations that either did or did not co‐occur with sexually deceptive Cryptostylis orchids.

On average, males had ~50,000 sperm cells in their seminal vesicles and ejaculated ~10% of their existing sperm stock in a single encounter. Pollinators that were permitted to mate with an orchid had significantly less sperm than males that were not, suggesting they may become temporarily sperm limited. Pollinators from sites with orchids ejaculate significantly less sperm on orchids than naïve males.

The difference in ejaculate size for pollinators that do and do not co‐occur with orchids may be a consequence of males learning to avoid orchids, or an adaptation to avoid sperm depletion. Alternatively, males may reduce sperm allocation when they perceive more available ‘females’ (either orchids or real females) in the environment. These costs and responses to exploitation show how plants can influence the population dynamics of their pollinators, and, more broadly, provides an explanation for the maintenance antagonistic co‐evolutionary relationships. We suggest that by interfering with the population dynamics of a duped species, exploiters might improve their own persistence.

A free plain language summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
An extracytoplasmic protein and a moonlighting enzyme modulate synthesis of c‐di‐AMP in Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Gibhardt Johannes , Heidemann Jana L. , Bremenkamp Rica , Rosenberg Jonathan , Seifert Roland , Kaever Volkhard , Ficner Ralf , Commichau Fabian M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe second messenger cyclic di‐AMP (c‐di‐AMP) is essential for growth of many bacteria because it controls osmolyte homeostasis. c‐di‐AMP can regulate the synthesis of potassium uptake systems in some bacteria and it also directly inhibits and activates potassium import and export systems, respectively. Therefore, c‐di‐AMP production and degradation have to be tightly regulated depending on the environmental osmolarity. The Gram‐positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes relies on the membrane‐bound diadenylate cyclase CdaA for c‐di‐AMP production and degrades the nucleotide with two phosphodiesterases. While the enzymes producing and degrading the dinucleotide have been reasonably well examined, the regulation of c‐di‐AMP production is not well understood yet. Here we demonstrate that the extracytoplasmic regulator CdaR interacts with CdaA via its transmembrane helix to modulate c‐di‐AMP production. Moreover, we show that the phosphoglucosamine mutase GlmM forms a complex with CdaA and inhibits the diadenylate cyclase activity in vitro. We also found that GlmM inhibits c‐di‐AMP production in L. monocytogenes when the bacteria encounter osmotic stress. Thus, GlmM is the major factor controlling the activity of CdaA in vivo. GlmM can be assigned to the class of moonlighting proteins because it is active in metabolism and adjusts the cellular turgor depending on environmental osmolarity.
Dissection of the Arabidopsis HUA‐PEP gene activity reveals that ovule fate specification requires restriction of the floral A‐function
Authors: Rodríguez‐Cazorla Encarnación , Ripoll Juan‐José , Ortuño‐Miquel Samanta , Martínez‐Laborda Antonio , Vera Antonio 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Ovules are essential for sexual plant reproduction and seed formation, and are fundamental for agriculture. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing ovule development is far from complete. In Arabidopsis, ovule identity is determined by homeotic MADS‐domain proteins that define the floral C‐ (AG) and D‐ (SHP1/SHP2, STK) functions. Pre‐mRNA processing of these genes is critical and mediated by HUA‐PEP activity, composed of genes encoding RNA‐binding proteins.

In strong hua‐pep mutants, functional transcripts for C‐ and D‐function genes are reduced, resulting in homeotic transformation of ovules. Thus, hua‐pep mutants provide an unique sensitized background to study ovule morphogenesis when C‐ and D‐functions are simultaneously compromised.

We found that hua‐pep ovules are morphologically sepaloid and show ectopic expression of the homeotic class‐A gene AP1. Inactivation of AP1 or AP2 (A‐function genes) in hua‐pep mutants reduced homeotic conversions, rescuing ovule identity while promoting carpelloid traits in transformed ovules. Interestingly, increased AG dosage led to similar results.

Our findings strongly suggest that HUA‐PEP activity is required for correct C and D floral functions, which in turn prevents ectopic expression of class‐A genes in ovules for their proper morphogenesis, evoking the classic A–C antagonism of the ABC model for floral organ development.
Pulsed Laser-Based Hybrid Microscribing of Cu and Al in Salt Solution
Authors: Shiby Sooraj , Srinagalakshmi Nammi , Vasa Nilesh J. , Matsuo Shigeki , Miryala Muralidhar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The influence of a subnanosecond pulsed laser-based scribing of copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) in salt solutions (NaCl and KCl) on the formation of microchannels is reported. This technique allows laser scribing along with selective etching of Cu and Al thin films. The focused laser beam can elevate the surface temperature on the sample and hence the chemical reaction rate, resulting in combined ablation with selective-area etching. The depth of microchannels in Cu and Al films is increased by 3–5 μm using the proposed hybrid technique. The average surface roughness values in the microchannel are decreased compared to that of scribing in water and air. The hybrid approach of laser-based scribing combined with electrochemical etching in neutral salt solutions allows uniform channel with almost no redeposit layer and debris on the channel edges. Further, an approach wherein, an application of direct current (DC) voltage (1.2 V) between the tool and the workpiece while laser scribing of Cu and Al in salt solution was demonstrated to improve the channel depth by few micrometers. This hybrid machining technique has also resulted in a reduction in the surface oxidation near the laser-ablated zone compared to that observed in air and water-based experiments.
Making football safer for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of injury prevention programmes in 11 773 female football (soccer) players
Authors: Crossley Kay M , Patterson Brooke E , Culvenor Adam G , Bruder Andrea M , Mosler Andrea B , Mentiplay Benjamin F 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of injury prevention programmes on injury incidence in any women’s football code; explore relationships between training components and injury risk; and report injury incidence for women’s football.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesNine databases searched in August 2019.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials evaluating any injury prevention programme (eg, exercise, education, braces) were included. Study inclusion criteria were: ≥20 female football players in each study arm (any age, football code or participation level) and injury incidence reporting.ResultsTwelve studies, all in soccer, met inclusion criteria, with nine involving adolescent teams (aged <18 years). All studies (except one) had a high risk of bias. Eleven studies examined exercise-based programmes, with most (9/11) including multiple (≥2) training components (eg, strength, plyometric, balance exercises). Multicomponent exercise programmes reduced overall (any reported) injuries (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.91) and ACL injuries (IRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.92). For exercise-based strategies (single-component and multicomponent), hamstring injuries were also reduced (IRR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.95). While exercise-based strategies resulted in less knee, ankle and hip/groin injuries, and the use of multiple training components was associated with greater reductions in overall and knee injuries, further studies would be required to increase the precision of these results. The incidence of overall injuries in women’s football was 3.4 per 1000 exposure hours; with ankle injuries most common.ConclusionIn women’s football, there is low-level evidence that multicomponent, exercise-based programmes reduce overall and ACL injuries by 27% and 45%, respectively.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018093527.
Single-Cell–Derived Primary Rectal Carcinoma Cell Lines Reflect Intratumor Heterogeneity Associated with Treatment Response
Authors: Braun Rüdiger , Anthuber Lena , Hirsch Daniela , Wangsa Darawalee , Lack Justin , McNeil Nicole E. , Heselmeyer-Haddad Kerstin , Torres Irianna , Wangsa Danny , Brown Markus A. , Tubbs Anthony , Auslander Noam , Gertz E. Michael , Brauer Philip R. , Cam Margaret C. , Sackett Dan L. , Habermann Jens K. , Nussenzweig Andre , Ruppin Eytan , Zhang Zhongqiu , Rosenberg Daniel W. , Ried Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
The standard treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer consists of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery. However, the response of individual tumors to CRT is extremely diverse, presenting a clinical dilemma. This broad variability in treatment response is likely attributable to intratumor heterogeneity (ITH).

Experimental Design:
We addressed the impact of ITH on response to CRT by establishing single-cell–derived cell lines (SCDCL) from a treatment-naïve rectal cancer biopsy after xenografting.

Results:
Individual SCDCLs derived from the same tumor responded profoundly different to CRT in vitro. Clonal reconstruction of the tumor and derived cell lines based on whole-exome sequencing revealed nine separate clusters with distinct proportions in the SCDCLs. Missense mutations in SV2A and ZWINT were clonal in the resistant SCDCL, but not detected in the sensitive SCDCL. Single-cell genetic analysis by multiplex FISH revealed the expansion of a clone with a loss of PIK3CA in the resistant SCDCL. Gene expression profiling by tRNA-sequencing identified the activation of the Wnt, Akt, and Hedgehog signaling pathways in the resistant SCDCLs. Wnt pathway activation in the resistant SCDCLs was confirmed using a reporter assay.

Conclusions:
Our model system of patient-derived SCDCLs provides evidence for the critical role of ITH for treatment response in patients with rectal cancer and shows that distinct genetic aberration profiles are associated with treatment response. We identified specific pathways as the molecular basis of treatment response of individual clones, which could be targeted in resistant subclones of a heterogenous tumor.
Application of Postprocessing to Watershed-Scale Subseasonal Climate Forecasts over the Contiguous United States
Authors: Baker Sarah A. , Wood Andrew W. , Rajagopalan Balaji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubseasonal to seasonal (S2S) climate forecasting has become a central component of climate services aimed at improving water management. In some cases, operational S2S climate predictions are translated into inputs for follow-on analyses or models, whereas the S2S predictions on their own may provide for qualitative situational awareness. At the spatial scales of water management, however, S2S climate forecasts often suffer from systematic biases, and low skill and reliability. This study assesses the potential to improve S2S forecast skill and salience for watershed applications through the use of postprocessing to harness skills in large-scale fields from the global climate model forecast outputs. To this end, the components-based technique—partial least squares regression (PLSR)—is used to improve the skill of biweekly temperature and precipitation forecasts from the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2). The PLSR method forms predictor components based on a cross-validated analysis of hindcasts from CFSv2 climate and land surface fields, and the results are benchmarked against raw CFSv2 forecasts, remapped to intermediate-scale watershed areas. We find that postprocessing affords marginal to moderate gains in skill in many watersheds, raising climate forecast skill above a usability threshold over the four seasons analyzed. In other locations, however, postprocessing fails to improve skill, particularly for extreme events, and can lead to unreliably narrow forecast ranges. This work presents evidence that the statistical postprocessing of climate forecast system outputs has potential to improve forecast skill, but that more thorough study of alternative approaches and predictors may be needed to achieve comprehensively positive outcomes.
Gallic acid and omega-3 fatty acids decrease inflammatory and oxidative stress in manganese-treated rats
Authors: Owumi Solomon E , Nwozo Sarah O , Effiong Magdalene E , Najophe Eseroghene S 
Published: April 2020

Evidence abounds—epidemiological and experimental—linking overexposure to manganese with hepatic and renal dysfunction. We investigated the beneficial effects of gallic acid or omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3-FA) on hepatorenal function in rats exposed to manganese (Mn). Rats were exposed to manganese (15 mg/kg) only or in the presence of ω-3-FA (30 mg/kg) or gallic acid (20 mg/kg) continuously for 14 days. Gallic acid or ω-3-FA co-treatment significantly ( P < 0.05) suppressed manganese-mediated increases in the biomarkers of hepatorenal toxicity. Furthermore, gallic acid or ω-3-FA relieved manganese-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion.In addition to decreases in nitric oxide, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α levels, and myeloperoxidase concentration in treated rats, biochemical data on hepatorenal protection were buttressed by our histological findings. Gallic acid or ω-3-FA ameliorated manganese-induced hepatorenal toxicity by reducing the oxidative/inflammatory stress and preserved tissue integrity in rats. Impact statement Humans and animals are regularly exposed to toxic chemicals with subsequent adverse effects. Manganese exposure occurs via contaminated sources; over-exposure is associated with neuronal, hepatorenal dysfunction, etc. This work advances the field of natural chemopreventive agents by reporting evidence lacking in the literature on GA and ω-3-FA obtained primarily from the diet in protecting biological beings against toxic chemicals. Individually, GA and ω-3-FA exhibit various pharmacological effects. Our findings confirm the previous reports; however, we demonstrate the additional evidence for GA and ω-3-FA in abating toxic response incumbent on oxidative damage associated with manganese exposure. These findings further underscore the relevance of GA usage in food, cosmetics–pharmaceutical industries, and ω-3-FA as a safe supplement. Dietary supplements with GA and fish oil-rich in ω-3FA may be the potential natural therapy against hepatorenal injury in individuals inadvertently or occupationally exposed to manganese, thereby, promoting human and veterinary health outcomes.
Periconceptional folic acid supplementation and risk of parent-reported asthma in children at 4–6 years of age
Authors: Liu Jufen , Li Zhiwen , Ye Rongwei , Liu Jianmeng , Ren Aiguo 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundFolic acid supplementation is universally recommended for women of child-bearing age to prevent fetal neural tube defects (NTDs). Concerns have arisen over the potential risk for childhood allergy and asthma due to folic acid supplementation. We examined whether periconceptional supplementation with low-dose folic acid only was associated with an increased risk for allergy symptoms or asthma in offspring at 4–6 years of age.MethodsOut of 247 831 participating women enrolled in 1993–1996, 9090 were randomly selected and their children were followed up in 2000–2001. Information on mothers' demographic characteristics, folic acid supplementation and allergic diseases among children was collected. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between folic acid intake and risk for allergic disease while adjusting for potential confounding factors.ResultsThe rate of allergy symptoms was 1.54% among children whose mothers had taken folic acid compared with 2.04% among those whose mothers had not taken folic acid, and the rate of asthma was 0.92% and 0.88%, respectively. Maternal folic acid supplementation was not associated with risk for allergy symptoms or asthma, with odds ratios (95% CI) of 0.80 (0.58–1.11) and 1.04 (0.67–1.61), respectively. No differences in the occurrence of allergy symptoms or asthma were observed when data were analysed by timing of supplementation or compliance with folic acid supplementation.ConclusionsSupplementation with low-dose folic acid only during the periconceptional period did not increase risk for allergy symptoms or asthma in children at 4–6 years of age in a population without staple fortification with folic acid.