bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of e‐Governance in post COVID era: India
Authors: Singh Upmith , Rawat Kamlendra , Singhla Ashim Raj 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIndia as a country, has made numerous efforts related to launch and adoption of e‐Governance initiatives, which has been introduced in various fields. However, except a few, most of such initiatives have not been able to deliver the desired results over the longer course of time, resulting in underutilization of public funds. Moreover, time and again it has been noted that e‐Governance initiatives adoption and success varies across geography, mainly on account of prevalence of diversity in India. Furthermore, post COVID, the importance of e‐Governance initiatives in the lives of citizens at large, has witnessed a paradigm shift both in applicability as well as acceptance. The enforcement of social distancing by Central as well as Local governments in the past few months has led to enhanced role of e‐Governance initiatives in delivering critical to common services/facilities to the citizens at large. As a result, this study has been conducted with an aim to identify the factors responsible for higher adoption of the e‐Governance services in India. The study also aims to analyze the impact of ongoing pandemic on the adoption of e‐Governance by including a separate construct related to health.
Inside Cover
Authors: Zeng Yifeng , Chapman William C. , Lin Yixiao , Li Shuying , Mutch Matthew , Zhu Quing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) reveals subsurface colorectal tissue abnormality and cancers. Quantitative OCT can identify different types of colorectal tissue from functional scattering coefficient maps. This image illustrates the representative OCT colorectal tissue scattering maps of normal, adenomatous polyp, almost invisible cancer, and visually distinguishable cancer.Further details can be found in the article by Yifeng Zeng, William C. Chapman Jr, Yixiao Lin, Shuying Li, Matthew Mutch, and Quing Zhu (e202000276).
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Functional morphology of vertebrate claws investigated using functionally based categories and multiple morphological metrics
Authors: Thomson Tracy J. , Motani Ryosuke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe link between claw morphology and function has been historically difficult to quantify, analyze, and interpret. In this study, the functional morphology of vertebrate claws is analyzed using measurements taken from 80 modern claw specimens spanning birds, mammals, and one reptile. Claw measurements were chosen for their potential biomechanical significance and a revised, expanded categorization of claw function is defined and used. This categorization scheme is the result of an extensive literature review and is based on the observed mechanics of claw function rather than the animal's overall ecology, an important departure from the norm followed in previous studies. A principal component analysis of the claw measurements reveals that some of the morphological disparity is related to functional differences; however, different functional categories are not clearly separated based solely on morphology. A linear discriminant analysis successfully classifies 81.25% of the claw specimens to their documented functional categories. When the posterior probabilities of each classification are examined, and the next highest probabilities are considered, the analysis is able to successfully classify 96.25% of the claw specimens. Expressing angle measurements in terms of lengths prior to analysis and incorporating cross‐sectional shape data both serve to reduce the misclassification rate. The use of biomechanically meaningful claw measurements and categories based on function (rather than ecology) improves confidence in the ability to infer claw function based on morphology using discriminant analysis methods. While overall claw morphology is most certainly the result of multiple factors (e.g., growth, size, etc.), this study establishes that it reflects mechanical function more than previously demonstrated.
BMP4 micro‐immunotherapy increases collagen deposition and reduces PGE2 release in human gingival fibroblasts and increases tissue viability of engineered 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions
Authors: Ferrà‐Cañellas Maria del Mar , Munar‐Bestard Marta , Garcia‐Sureda Laura , Lejeune Beatrice , Ramis Joana Maria , Monjo Marta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the effect of low doses (LD) bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2) and BMP4 micro‐immunotherapy (MI) in two in vitro models of periodontal wound healing/regeneration.MethodsWe first evaluated the effect of LD of BMP2 and BMP4 MI on a 2D cell culture using human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) under inflammatory conditions induced by IL1β. Biocompatibility, inflammatory response (Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release), collagen deposition and release of extracellular matrix (ECM) organization‐related enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP1) and metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1)) were evaluated after short (3 days) and long‐term (24 days) treatment with BMP2 or BMP4 MI. Then, given the results obtained in the 2D cell culture, LD BMP4 MI treatment was evaluated in a 3D cell culture model of human tissue equivalent of gingiva (GTE) under the same inflammatory stimulus, evaluating the biocompatibility, inflammatory response and effect on MMP1 and TIMP1 release.ResultsLD BMP4 was able to decrease the release of the inflammatory mediator PGE2 and completely re‐establish the impaired collagen metabolism induced by IL1β treatment. In the 3D model, LD BMP4 treatment improved tissue viability compared with the vehicle, with similar levels to 3D tissues without inflammation. No significant effects were observed on PGE2 levels nor MMP1/TIMP1 ratio after LD BMP4 treatment, although a tendency to decrease PGE2 levels was observed after 3 days.ConclusionsLD BMP4 MI treatment shows anti‐inflammatory and regenerative properties on hGF, and improved viability of 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions. LD BMP4 MI treatment could be used on primary prevention or maintenance care of periodontitis.
Evaluating Laryngopharyngeal Tumor Extension Using Narrow Band Imaging Versus Conventional White Light Imaging
Authors: Zwakenberg Manon A. , Halmos Gyorgy B. , Wedman Jan , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Plaat Boudewijn E. C. 
Published: January 2021

Objective/HypothesisComparing detection and extension of malignant tumors by flexible laryngoscopy in the outpatient setting with laryngoscopy under general anesthesia using both White Light Imaging (WLI) and Narrow Band Imaging (NBI).Study DesignProspective study.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty‐three patients with laryngeal and pharyngeal lesions underwent flexible and rigid laryngoscopy, with both WLI and NBI. Extension of malignant lesions (n = 132) was compared between both techniques in detail.ResultsSensitivity of NBI during flexible endoscopy (92%), was comparable with that of WLI during rigid endoscopy (91%). The correlation of tumor extension between flexible and rigid laryngoscopy was high (rs = 0.852–0.893). The observed tumor extension was significantly larger when using NBI in both settings. The use of NBI during flexible laryngoscopy leads to upstaging (12%) and downstaging (2%) of the T classification.ConclusionsNBI during flexible laryngoscopy could be an alternative to WLI rigid endoscopy. NBI improves visualization of tumor extension and accuracy of T staging.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2222–E2231, 2021
Conformation of Myoglobin‐Poly(Ethyl Ethylene Phosphate) Conjugates Probed by SANS: Correlation with Polymer Grafting Density and Interaction
Authors: Russo Daniela , Garvey Christopher J. , Wurm Frederick R. , Teixeira José 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne can take advantage of the influence of a polymer conjugated with a protein to control the thermal stability and the deployment of the protein. Here, the structural properties are reported of the protein–polymer conjugate myoglobin (Mb)‐poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) (PEEP) in the native and unfolded conformations, in order to understand the respective roles of the protein and of the polymer size in the stability of the conjugate. The effect is also investigated of the grafting density of the linear biodegradable polyphosphoesters covalently attached to the protein. It is observed that, while the conjugation process at room temperature does not modify the secondary and tertiary structure of the Mb, the unfolding process, as a function of temperature, depends on the grafting density. Small angle neutron scattering reveals that, at room temperature, conjugation does not alter the size of the native protein and that the thickness of the polymer shell around the protein increases as a function of grafting density and of polymer molecular weight. The denatured form of all conjugates is described by an unfolded chain and a correlation length due to the presence of local stiffness.
Combining superficial and deep lymphovenous anastomosis for lymphedema treatment: Preliminary results
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Meroni Matteo , Fritsche Elmar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundSuperficial lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) is a widely accepted procedure for treatment of mild‐to‐moderate lymphedema throughout the body. Anyway, not always are the superficial lymphatic vessels suitable for the anastomosis nor do they provide a sufficient drainage to significantly improve the condition. The continuous progress of supermicrosurgical technique over the last few years and the recent anatomical researches about the deep lymphatic network opened new perspectives for those lymphedema cases refractory to conventional procedures. Resorting to deep lymphatic vessels offer an additional opportunity to further improve the result obtained by means of superficial LVA. The aim of this report is to describe our experience treating lymphedema with superficial and deep lymphatic vessels LVA.Patients and MethodsEight female patients presenting secondary (seven cases) and primary (one case) lymphedema, previously treated by means of multiple superficial LVAs, were considered eligible for deep lymphatics surgery to further improve their results. The affected area was the upper limb in one case and the lower limbs in seven cases. All the patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively resorting to Campisi criteria. Four cases were initially classified as stage III, two stage IV, and two stage II. Five patients received deep LVA in the groin, two patients in the ankle along the posterior tibial artery and one in the wrist along the radial artery.ResultsIn all eight patients both subjective and objective improvements of the condition were reported with decrease of swelling and relief from heaviness sensation. The postoperative course was always uneventful and at the 9 months follow up none of the patients presented recurrence of the disease, even with the complete removal of compressive therapy.ConclusionsDeep lymphatic vessels LVA might represent a valid alternative to the superficial ones to treat lymphedema when previous results are not satisfactory nor when no superficial lymphatic vessels are available for anastomosis.
Gefrierende Gewässer
Authors: Vollmer Michael 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Gefrieren stehender Gewässer kann mit Hilfe eines vereinfachten eindimensionalen Modells analytisch beschrieben werden. Das Eiswachstum hängt dabei im Wesentlichen von der Lufttemperatur ab, dem Wärmetransport von unten durch die Eisschicht zur Oberseite und anschließend dem Wärmetransport durch Konvektion und Strahlung in die Atmosphäre. In der Anfangsphase beschränken Konvektion und Strahlung das Wachstum, bei dickem Eis schließlich die Wärmeleitung durch dessen Schicht. Die Eisdicken, die ein sicheres Betreten der Eisflächen erlauben, lassen sich auch einfach optisch bestimmen.
Wieviel Energie kann man sich vom Vakuum borgen?
Authors: Grumiller Daniel , Riegler Max 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungEnergie und Energieflüsse können durch Quanteneffekte negativ werden. Lange Zeit blieb unklar, wie groß dieser Effekt sein kann, also wie negativ Energieflüsse maximal werden können. Strikte Schranken hierfür liefern jedoch sogenannte Quanten‐Energiebedingungen. Mathematisch lassen sie sich in Form von Ungleichungen fassen. Auf der linken Seite dieser Ungleichungen steht die Energie oder der Energiefluss und auf der rechten Seite eine bestimmte Kombination aus Ableitungen der sogenannten Verschränkungsentropie. Letztere ist ein Maß für die Quantennatur eines Systems, also wie stark das System von der klassischen Mechanik abweicht.
Afirst‐principlesstudy on improvement of photoinjection in organic dyes
Authors: Majid Abdul , Sana Maryam , Khan Salah Ud‐Din , Ahmad Ashfaq 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFirst principles methods are implemented in order to design new metal free organic dyes with motivation to improve photoinjection in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The simulated structures obey general D‐π‐A structure and various structural modifications are made in π‐bridge as well as donor assembly of the dyes. The addition of benzothiadiazole and pyridine in π‐bridge caused shifting of absorption spectrum of dyes shifted toward lower energies. The analysis of structural and photoelectric properties of the dyes revealed that the dyes containing triarylamine in donor assembly show largest light harvesting efficiencies. The process of photoinjection was modeled by adsorbing the series of dyes on surface of (TiO2)nparticles to investigate the injection and recombination kinetics. The dyes having benzothiadiazole in π‐bridge exhibited smallest injection energies while the dyes having pyridine in the in π‐bridge shown highest recombination energies. The detailed investigation of UV‐visible spectra of dye‐semiconductor complex was carried out to explore suitability of the dyes for practical applications in DSSC.
Intrapleural alteplase and DNase for complex tuberculous pleurisy: a medical approach
Authors: Cheong Xiong Khee , Abdul Hamid Mohamed Faisal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTuberculous pleurisy is extra‐pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), which is one of the main cause of pleural effusions in developing countries. Intercostal chest catheter is useful for drainage of infected pleural fluid and facilitates sepsis control. However, management might be challenging in complex tuberculous pleural effusion as the septations within the effusion hinder pleural drainage. Intrapleural fibrinolysis therapy improved infected fluid drainage and septic parameter in parapneumonic effusions; however, there seems to be little data on its use in tuberculous pleurisy. In our case series of seven patients with complex tuberculous pleurisy, the use of intrapleural alteplase and deoxyribonuclease (DNase) facilitated fluid drainage which resulted in clinical and radiological improvement. These medications should not be confined to bacterial aetiology only as our case series highlights that in complex tuberculous pleurisy, intrapleural alteplase and DNase may be used as an adjunctive treatment which are proven to be successful and safe.
Literary Analysis and Writing: An Integrated Instructional Routine
Authors: Manyak Patrick C. , Manyak Ann‐Margaret 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe authors describe Literary Analysis and Writing, an integrated instructional routine, developed through a formative experiment research project, that prompts students to uncover the deeper meanings of literary texts. The routine weaves together brief preteaching of carefully selected vocabulary words, whole‐class assisted reading of text, close reading and discussion guided by high‐level text‐based questions, and analytic response writing. The authors discuss the research base for each element of Literary Analysis and Writing, present findings that demonstrate the benefits of the routine on third‐grade students’ performance in comprehension of literature, and detail the teacher researcher’s planning for and implementation of each part of the instructional sequence.
Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und COVID-19
Authors: Schieffer Elisabeth , Schieffer Bernhard , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungCOVID-19 („coronavirus disease 2019“) ist eine Herausforderung für unser Gesundheitssystem und gleichzeitig eine der herausragenden Katalysatoren erfolgreicher translationaler Forschung. COVID-19 ist nicht nur eine simple Viruserkrankung des Bronchialsystems, sondern eine pandemisch auftretende, hyperinflammatorische Multiorganerkrankung. Das Herz-Kreislauf-System spielt dabei eine kausale Rolle, da SARS-CoV‑2 („severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“) Wirtszellen über ACE(„angiotensin-converting enzyme“)-2, ein Enzym des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems, befällt. Darüber hinaus spielen kardiovaskuläre Komorbiditäten und Risikofaktoren wie Bluthochdruck, Diabetes und Adipositas eine wichtige Rolle für die Schwere der Krankheitsverläufe. Zusätzliche Risikofaktoren wie Geschlecht, Alter, Genetik und Luftverschmutzung modulieren sowohl die Schwere der SARS-CoV-2-Infektion als auch kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen. Als Folge von COVID-19 kommt es zu vermehrten Thrombosen, Herzinfarkten, Herzmuskelentzündungen und Vaskulitiden, die das kardiovaskuläre System direkt schädigen und wesentlich zur Morbidität und Mortalität beitragen. Erkenntnisse aus zahlreichen Studien zu Krankheitsverläufen von SARS-CoV-2-infizierten Patienten haben zu besseren Therapiemöglichkeiten geführt, die nun in der zweiten Welle zum Teil standardisiert und insbesondere auch an Komplikationen des kardiovaskulären Systems angepasst wurden und werden. In diesem Review geben wir einen kurzen Überblick über die Pathophysiologie des SARS-CoV-2-Virus allgemein sowie auch spezifisch auf das kardiovaskuläre System. Daraus folgend, fassen wir die aktuellen Therapieansätze und deren pathophysiologische Grundlagen (Stand November 2020) zusammen.
Management der posttraumatischen Bulbushypotonie
Authors: Viestenz Arne , Huth Andrea , Heichel Jens , Seitz Berthold 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Bulbushypotonie nach Trauma (3 % nach Bulbuskontusion, 50–74 % nach offener Augenverletzung) kann schwere sekundäre Schäden des Bulbus zur Folge haben. Neben Hornhautfalten, Ziliarkörper- und Aderhautabhebung, Stauungspapille e vacuo und Makulasternfalten kann die Schrumpfung des Auges zu einer erheblichen Visusminderung führen. Konsekutiv kann das kontralaterale Auge mit einer okulären Hypertension reagieren. Die Ursache der Hypotonie muss diagnostiziert und kausal behandelt werden. Wenn mehr als 210 Grad des Ziliarkörpers verbleiben, ist ein Bulbuserhalt möglich. Häufige Ursache der posttraumatischen Hypotonie ist eine Zyklodialyse. Kleinere Zyklodialysespalten verschließen sich unter Zykloplegie, größere werden chirurgisch versorgt. Die Zyklopexie kann mit einer primären Wundversorgung oder auch einer Pol-zu-Pol-Chirurgie kombiniert werden. Alternativ sind bei persistierender Hypotonia bulbi eine Silikonölendotamponade bzw. eine Okklusion des Schlemm-Kanals möglich. Die posttraumatische Bulbushypotonie ist komplex und bedarf einer exakten Diagnostik, um ihre Ursachen differenziert und gezielt behandeln zu können.
Does the Law Determine What Heritage to Remember?
Authors: de Clippele Marie-Sophie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCultural heritage can offer tangible and intangible traces of the past. A past that shapes cultural identity, but also a past from which one sometimes wishes to detach oneself and which nevertheless needs to be remembered, even commemorated. These themes of memory, history and oblivion are examined by the philosopher Paul Ricoeur in his workLa mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli(2000). Inspired by these ideas, this paper analyses how they are closely linked to cultural heritage. Heritage serves as a support for memory, even if it can be mishandled, which in turn can affect heritage policies. Memory and heritage can be abused as a result of wounds from the past or for reasons of ideological manipulation or because of a political will to force people to remember. Furthermore, heritage, as a vehicule of memory, contributes to historical knowledge, but can remain marked by a certain form of subjectivism during the heritage and conservation operation, for which heritage professionals (representatives of the public authority or other experts) are responsible. Yet, the responsibility for conserving cultural heritage also implies the need to avoid any loss of heritage, and to fight against oblivion. Nonetheless, this struggle cannot become totalitarian, nor can it deprive the community of a sometimes salutary oblivion to its own identity construction. These theoretical and philosophical concepts shall be examined in the light of legal discourse, and in particular in Belgian legislation regarding cultural heritage. It is clear that the shift from monument to heritage broadens the legal scope and consequently raises the question of who gets to decide what is considered heritage according to the law, and whether there is something such as a collective human right to cultural heritage. Nonetheless, this broadening of the legislation extends the State intervention into cultural heritage, which in turn entails certain risks, as will be analysed with Belgium’s colonial heritage.
High Yield Transfer of Clean Large-Area Epitaxial Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Yun Chao , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this work, we have developed a new method for manipulating and transferring up to 5 mm × 10 mm epitaxial oxide thin films. The method involves fixing a PET frame onto a PMMA attachment film, enabling transfer of epitaxial films lifted-off by wet chemical etching of a Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layer. The crystallinity, surface morphology, continuity, and purity of the films are all preserved in the transfer process. We demonstrate the applicability of our method for three different film compositions and structures of thickness ~ 100 nm. Furthermore, we show that by using epitaxial nanocomposite films, lift-off yield is improved by ~ 50% compared to plain epitaxial films and we ascribe this effect to the higher fracture toughness of the composites. This work shows important steps towards large-scale perovskite thin-film-based electronic device applications.
VETO PLAYERS E INTERAZIONE FRA
ESECUTIVO E LEGISLATIVO: IL CASO ITALIANO
Authors: Zucchini Francesco 
Published: January 2021

Introduzione
La maggior parte degli studi sul
parlamento italiano durante la prima repubblica,
rende conto delle caratteristiche permanenti della
produzione legislativa (Di Palma 1978; 1987). Gli
studiosi che hanno prestato attenzione al
mutamento hanno finito per considerarlo come la
manifestazione matura di quei fattori.
Sia le spiegazioni delle caratteristiche
generali del processo legislativo nel parlamento
italiano, sia le spiegazioni della sua evoluzione
nel tempo appaiono problematiche. Se per esempio
la polarizzazione e la sfiducia reciproca fra le
principali forze politiche servono a spiegare
l'assenza (o la presunta assenza) di grandi
riforme e sostanziali mutamenti di politica (Di
Palma 1978; Sartori 1974), perché è proprio quando
la polarizzazione, e verosimilmente anche il grado
di sfiducia, si attenuano che il governo fatica
maggiormente a ottenere per vie ordinarie
l'approvazione dei propri disegni di legge,
normalmente dal contenuto più ambizioso e
indirizzati ad una platea più ampia di quelli di
origine parlamentare? Se l'elevato grado di
consenso nell'approvazione delle leggi è una
conseguenza della peculiare attitudine culturale
della nostra classe politica all'accordo, se non
addirittura alla collusione (Pizzorno 1993),
perché lo stesso fenomeno è presente in altri
sistemi politici, come per esempio negli Stati
Uniti, della cui somiglianza culturale al caso
italiano è lecito dubitare?