bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatologic adverse events with immune checkpoint blockade: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Naha Kushal , Chintalacheruvu Lakshmi Manogna , Doll Donald C. , Naha Sowjanya 
Published: February 2020

84 Background: Immune checkpoint blockade is known to be associated with various dermatologic adverse events. However, these adverse effects have not been studied in a systematic manner. This is especially relevant considering the rapidly increasing number of immune checkpoint inhibitors that are now available. Methods: We searched for eligible studies in PubMed and Google scholar. We reviewed randomized controlled trials involving cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors - PD1 inhibitors, PDL1 inhibitors and CTLA4 inhibitors and for dermatologic adverse effects. A total of 47 randomized controlled trials involving 11875 patients met eligibility criteria for our study. Results: Incidence rate of all grade dermatologic adverse effects was 40.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.4-41.7%). Most common adverse effects included pruritus (17.3%) (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.6-18.1%), undifferentiated rash (15.1%) (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.4-15.9%), vitiligo (3.6%) (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2-3.9%), maculopapular rash (2.3%) (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1-2.6%), stomatitis (0.7%) (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.92%) and dry skin (0.7%) (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-0.8%). Less common adverse events include palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia, pemphigoid skin reactions, lichen planus and hyperhidrosis. Grade 3 and higher adverse effects were seen in 1.3% of patients (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-1.6%). Conclusions: A wide range of dermatologic adverse effects can be seen with immune checkpoint blockade. While the majority of these events are of grade 1-2, they can occasionally be severe and even life threatening. Patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade should be closely monitored for dermatologic adverse effects.
Immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma: A sociodemographic analysis of the National Cancer Database.
Authors: Patel Amie , Moyers Justin , Nagaraj Gayathri 
Published: February 2020

87 Background: Metastatic melanoma carries poor prognosis and traditional chemotherapy has limited efficacy, but immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have drastically improved disease outcomes since first approved in 2011. Access to these costly agents in the real-world setting can be challenging. We aimed to assess the demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with receipt of immunotherapy in Stage IV melanoma using National Cancer Database (NCDB). Methods: NCDB first classified ICIs as immunotherapy agents in 2013, hence we queried the database to identify patients with Stage IV melanoma from 2013 to 2016. Patients were divided into receipt of immunotherapy or no receipt of immunotherapy; those without documentation of either were excluded. Factors compared between the two groups included age, sex, diagnosis year, Charlson-Deyo score, insurance and state Medicaid expansion status, income, treatment region, and facility type. Survival analyses were performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Logistic Regression was used to examine factors associated with immunotherapy receipt. Results: 9512 Stage IV melanoma patients had documented immunotherapy status during 2013 to 2016. 36.0% of patients received immunotherapy. Median overall survival (mOS) for all-comers was 10.1 months with improved survival for those who received immunotherapy compared to those who did not (mOS 18.4 v 7.4 months; p<0.01). Regression analysis revealed increased receipt of immunotherapy was associated with diagnosis in states with Medicaid expansion (OR: 1.16, 95% CI:1.002-0.1.340) compared to non-expansion; west north central (OR:1.433; 95%CI:1.139-1.804) and mountain (OR:1.433; 95%CI:1.132-1.813) regions when compared to pacific; academic/research program (OR:1.923; 95%CI:1.592-2.323) and integrated cancer programs (OR:1.362; 95%CI:1.094-1.695) compared to community program. Charlson-Deyo Scores of 1-3, lower Income, increased age, and less high school graduation were associated with decreased immunotherapy receipt. Conclusions: Improved survival is realized in those who receive immunotherapy for stage IV melanoma. Socio-demographic factors show discrepant receipt of immunotherapy.
Clinical characteristics of nivolumab-induced radiation recall pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A multicenter real-world analysis of 669 patients.
Authors: Shimokawaji Tadasuke , Narita Shoko , Naito Tomoyuki , Udagawa Hibiki , Goto Koichi , Miyawaki Taichi , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Nakashima Kazuhisa , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Kato Terufumi , Hakozaki Taiki , Okuma Yusuke , Nakamura Masaki , Nakayama Yuko , Watanabe Hirokazu , Kusumoto Masahiko , Ohe Yuichiro , Horinouchi Hidehito 
Published: February 2020

88 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause immune-related pneumonitis in lung cancer patients. Some of those patients with history of previous thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) are reported to show radiation recall pneumonitis (RRP) pattern. In this multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed the patient background and clinical characteristics of RRP. Methods: Medical records of non-small cell lung cancer patients, who received nivolumab between December 2015 and March 2017, were retrospectively reviewed. Incidence of pneumonitis, and incidence, risk factors and clinical characteristics of RRP were analyzed at 5 institutions. Person’s chi-square test (age, sex, smoking history, performance status at the start of nivolumab treatment, background lung disease, history of previous radiation pneumonitis, total dose, volume receiving more than 20Gy, 30Gy, mean lung dose of TRT, and duration after TRT) was conducted to identify potential risk factors of RRP. RRP was defined as fibrosis or consolidation occurring in the previous TRT field, and imaging analysis was conducted by two individual radiologists. Results: A total of 669 patients were evaluated, and the incidences of all-grade and ≥ grade 3 pneumonitis were 8.8% (59/669) and 6.2% (18/669), respectively. Incidence of RRP was 5.4% (14/257) among patients with history of previous TRT. There were no significant risk factors for RRP. Although we did not find significant difference between the severity of RRP pattern and other radiological patterns of pneumonitis, patients with RRP showed better outcome. All patients recovered from RRP without no exacerbation or death, compared to 9.3% of exacerbation or death in other patterns of pneumonitis. Conclusions: Incidence of RRP was 5.4% among patients with history of previous TRT, although there were no significant risk factors of RRP. Patients with RRP pattern showed relatively better outcome.
Immune-related adverse events and efficacy outcomes in patients treated with immunotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Druyts Eric , Boye Mark , Agg Himani , Muehlenbein Catherine , Frederickson Andrew , Bayt Theresa 
Published: February 2020

92 Background: Immunotherapy (IO) can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Evidence on the association of irAEs and efficacy is limited. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (inception to July 1, 2019) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting irAEs, incidence and efficacy data for pembrolizumab (PEM), nivolumab (NIVO), ipilimumab (IPI), atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and aldesleukin in lung, renal, head and neck cancer, and melanomas. RCTs assessing IO monotherapy or IO combinations in at least one arm were included. Evaluated outcomes were 1) irAE incidence (rash, pruritis, diarrhea, colitis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, transaminitis, hypophysitis, pneumonitis, arthralgia, anemia, and hepatitis); and 2) efficacy (response and survival). irAE incidence data will be pooled and meta-analysis performed to assess the association of irAEs with efficacy; heterogeneity between RCTs will be evaluated. Results: Fifty RCTs were included: IOs were compared to chemotherapy or chemotherapy-combinations (19), to other interventions (8), to placebo (3), and head-to-head (20). irAE reporting and definitions were heterogeneous across RCTs. The most common all-grade irAEs were skin, GI, and endocrine. For skin irAEs, rash ranged from 0% (PEM 2 mg/kg, n = 6) to 73% (NIVO + IPI, n = 11); pruritus was from 1% (PEM 2 mg/kg, n = 89) to 50% (NIVO + IPI, n = 6). For GI irAEs, diarrhea ranged from 0% (PEM 2 mg/kg, n = 6) to 64% (NIVO + IPI, n = 11); colitis was from 0% (NIVO 3 mg/kg, n = 98) to 23% (NIVO + IPI, n = 94). For endocrine irAEs, hypothyroidism ranged from 0% (NIVO 3 mg/kg, n = 12) to 83% (NIVO + IPI, n = 6), hyperthyroidism was from 0% (PEM 2 mg/kg, n = 6 and IPI 3 mg/kg, n = 46) to 27% (NIVO + IPI, n = 11), and hypophysitis was from 0% (PEM 10 mg/kg, n = 84 and NIVO 3 mg/kg, n = 25) to 26% (NIVO + IPI, n = 35). Liver, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal irAEs, and anemia, were reported less frequently and with lower incidence. Conclusions: irAEs are increasingly reported in IO RCTs, but lack reporting and definition consistency. The meta-analysis results may provide clarity on irAEs incidence and association with efficacy.
Use of glycosylated hemoglobin and C-peptide levels in the diagnosis and prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus as an immune-related adverse event secondary to treatment with immunotherapy in solid tumors.
Authors: Olivares Hernández Alejandro J. , Escala Cornejo Roberto Andrés , Figuero Pérez Luis , Vidal Rosario , Escalera Martín Elena , Claros Ampuero Juncal , Casado Elía Diego , García Muñoz María , Amores Martin Arantzazu , Rodriguez Cesar Augusto , González Sarmiento Rogelio , Miramontes González José Pablo , Cruz-Hernández Juan J. 
Published: February 2020

97 Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) as an immune-related adverse event (irAE) is found in 0.5-5% of all patients treated with immunotherapy (IT) and it is associated with life-threatening complications. However, there are no official guidelines that suggest methods for the prevention and monitoring of T1D during treatment with IT. The algorithms described in the literature only assess the fasting blood sugar levels for prevention and monitoring. The objective of this review is to find factors that establish a relationship with the appearance of T1D as an irAE and to put forward a new algorithm for prevention and monitoring based on those findings. Methods: We carried out a clinical review of the cases published in the literature on T1D secondary to IT between 2012 and 2019. Through a statistical analysis, the relevant clinical characteristics will be determined, together with the factors related to the appearance of T1D, which will make it possible to put forward a new algorithm for the prevention and monitoring of T1D during treatment with IT for solid tumors. Results: Eighty one cases were reported. Of the reported cases, 90% were associated with Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab. The median age was 67 years (23-84 years), and the patients were predominantly men. The average number of administered doses was 5.3 with a lapse of 14.6 weeks from the administration of the first dose until diagnosis. In 48 cases (59%) the levels of C-peptide were low or undetectable, and the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were elevated by an average of 8.8% (73 mmol/mol). Anti-β-cell antibodies were found in less than half of the patients (44). Diabetic ketoacidosis was observed at diagnosis in 61 patients (75%). Conclusions: Based on the results of our review, we propose including the levels of C-peptide and HbA1C in the usual protocol for the management of adverse events related to IT. Our algorithm suggests that the levels must be determined prior to the IT, after the first 2 cycles, and then every 2 months. This algorithm will enable the prevention, early diagnosis and monitoring of T1D during treatment with IT.
Oxyntomodulin and Glicentin May Predict the Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Food Preferences and Weight Loss
Authors: Nielsen Mette S , Ritz Christian , Wewer Albrechtsen Nicolai J , Holst Jens Juul , le Roux Carel W , Sjödin Anders 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Alterations in several gastrointestinal hormones are implicated in the postoperative suppression of food intake leading to weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The aim was to evaluate changes in responses of gastrointestinal hormones after RYGB and SG and the associations of these changes with weight loss, energy intake, and food preferences.

Methods
Forty-two subjects with severe obesity were included (32 RYGB; 10 SG). Postprandial responses of glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin were measured before and 6 months after surgery. Energy intake and energy density were assessed before and 6 months after surgery using a buffet meal test and weight loss was assessed 18 months after surgery.

Results
Postprandial concentrations of glicentin, oxyntomodulin, GLP-1, and ghrelin differed between RYGB and SG (all P ≤ .02). Enhanced responses of glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a greater weight loss (both P &lt; .01) and were associated with a larger decrease in energy density (P ≤ .04). No associations were found for GLP-1, PYY, and ghrelin, and changes were not associated with changes in energy intake. When combing all hormones, 60%, 19%, and 33% of the variations in weight loss, energy intake, and energy density, respectively, could be explained.

Conclusion
Postprandial responses of gastrointestinal hormones differed between RYGB and SG. Enhanced responses of glicentin and oxyntomodulin predicted a better weight loss and were associated with a decreased preference for energy-dense foods. Replication of these results could imply an opportunity to identify patients in need of additional support after surgical treatments of obesity.
Transgressing Che
Authors: Franco Robert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article uses the life of Irina Layevska Echeverría Gaitán, a transgender and disability rights activist from Mexico, as a lens to examine the circulation and appropriation of the discursive New Man and the figure of Che Guevara by a broad set of actors from leftist revolutionaries to sexual rights activists in Mexico. Grappling with questions of temporality and intersectionality throughout, it follows her struggles to amend revolutionary discourses with her personal life despite her exclusion from normative models of the revolutionary figure. It argues that those excluded from the heteronormative able-bodied ideal of militancy—gay men, women, trans folk and those with disabilities—used the futurist, universal, and self-developmental aspects of the New Man to reject exclusionary leftist politics. Furthermore, the New Man as an aspirational yet abstract goal enabled the formulation of radically transgressive subject positions and provided a discourse with which to construct a militant identity that was inclusive and oppositional to the masculinist and ableist revolution.
Between Politics and Desire
Authors: Halperin Paula 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In 1994, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea’s Fresa y Chocolate (1993) swept the awards at Brazil’s Gramado Film Festival. Founded in 1973, the festival was not only a platform for art-house films; Gramado had functioned as a space of creative freedom and resistance to censorship during the worst years of Brazil’s military regime (1964–85). Fresa y Chocolate was highly anticipated; it foregrounded a cluster of sensitive issues such as homosexuality, freedom of speech, and censorship, in a Cuba immersed in the so-called Special Period. This article examines the debates provoked by Fresa in Brazil, which had recently emerged from a long authoritarian regime and was confronting the implementation of neoliberal policies. Through Alea’s film, Brazilian critics and journalists discussed the themes advanced by “the Cuban case,” which struck a chord and ignited debate with the local public.
Women, Gender, and Sexuality in the Cuban Revolution
Authors: Hutchison Elizabeth Quay 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In a summer 2018 interview conducted for this special issue of RHR, the US-born lesbian feminist artist, activist, and scholar Margaret Randall reflects on the Cuban Revolution’s achievements and shortcomings in the arena of women’s and sexuality rights. What have women and sexual minorities contributed to Cuba’s experiment in radical equality, and what remains to be done? How has feminism—in all its variety—shaped the aspirations of Cuban men and women, and what have US feminists learned from their efforts? What makes gender justice happen, and who or what constitutes barriers to change?
“Children of the Revolution”
Authors: Cosse Isabella 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This interview of Gregory Randall offers a lens onto a transnational life experience, including that of international refugees in Cuba. Randall was born in New York in 1960. He spent his early childhood in Mexico and arrived in Cuba in 1970, where he remained until the 1980s. In this interview, Randall reflects on Cuban policies toward women, homosexuality, and youth. He also analyzes his own family’s experience, characterized by a strong commitment to reflecting the Cuban Revolution in its own social relations and its ways of living and loving. The interview provides a unique perspective on these challenges and on Cuban history, shaped by Randall’s particular position in that historical process. Unmoored from national frameworks, his subjectivity is anchored in a transnational Left sensibility. He belongs to a generation of children of the revolution, part of Socialist Cuba as children and teenagers, and belonging to Left and internationalist families.
A clearer picture of the ER translocon complex
Authors: Gemmer Max , Förster Friedrich 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocon complex is the main gate into the secretory pathway, facilitating the translocation of nascent peptides into the ER lumen or their integration into the lipid membrane. Protein biogenesis in the ER involves additional processes, many of them occurring co-translationally while the nascent protein resides at the translocon complex, including recruitment of ER-targeted ribosome–nascent-chain complexes, glycosylation, signal peptide cleavage, membrane protein topogenesis and folding. To perform such varied functions on a broad range of substrates, the ER translocon complex has different accessory components that associate with it either stably or transiently. Here, we review recent structural and functional insights into this dynamically constituted central hub in the ER and its components. Recent cryo-electron microscopy (EM) studies have dissected the molecular organization of the co-translational ER translocon complex, comprising the Sec61 protein-conducting channel, the translocon-associated protein complex and the oligosaccharyl transferase complex. Complemented by structural characterization of the post-translational import machinery, key molecular principles emerge that distinguish co- and post-translational protein import and biogenesis. Further cryo-EM structures promise to expand our mechanistic understanding of the various biochemical functions involving protein biogenesis and quality control in the ER.
Neutron capture data for unstable nuclei – Astrophysical quests and experimental challenges
Authors: Käppeler F. 
Published: February 2020

The abundances of the chemical elements heavier than iron can be attributed in about equal parts to the r and s processes, which are taking place in supernova explosions and during the He and C burning phases of stellar evolution, respectively. So far, quantitative studies of the r-process are out of reach, because it involves reactions on extremely short-lived neutron-rich nuclei. On the contrary, the situation for the s-process is far advanced, thanks to a comprehensive database of experimental (n,γ) cross sections for most isotopes along the reaction path from 12C to the Pb/Bi region. For the stable isotopes last gaps in the data are presently closed, but further studies are clearly needed to reach the required accuracy and to resolve remaining discrepancies. The quest for cross sections of unstable isotopes remains a persisting challenge though. In particular, nuclei which act as branching points are of prime interest, because they provide key information on the deep stellar interior. While the activation method is limited to a few exceptional branch-point nuclei, successful measurements via the time-of- flight technique are depending on intense pulsed neutron sources and elaborate methods for sample production. Current developments in Europe are providing promising perspectives in both areas.
The role of magnetic fields in the formation and propagation of hadronic microquasars jets
Authors: Paspaliaris E.-D. S. , Smponias T. , Kosmas T. S. 
Published: February 2020

In the present work, we examine the role of the magnetic field (MF), which causes a rather pronounced confinement of the jets at microquasars. Due to radial Lorentz forces acting on the jet’s matter towards the jet’s axis, the outgoing flux is collimated along the same axis and vertically to the compact object. Alternatively, a rotating central object may drag the surrounding MF into collimation around the produced jet. In such objects, jet emerges from each side of the accretion disc.These jets operate as cosmic engines, capable of accelerating particles on very high energies (~10^2 TeV) and consist sources of high energy neutrinos and gamma rays. We also examine the role of the MF, which causes to a rather pronounced jet confinement. Our aim is to investigate and model its role on various physical observables of the jet, by simulating the jet’s flow and derive 2D and 3D visualizations and furthermore examine its effect on the neutrino emissivity.