bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APMP supplementary comparison of air kerma in ISO 4037 wide and narrow series x-ray beams: APMP.RI(I)-S3
Authors: Butler D J , Saito N , Büeermann L , Lee J -H , Laban J , Srimanoroth S , Kulkarni M S , Tebekana N 
Published: June 2020

The results of a regional supplementary comparison of air kerma standards from eight standards laboratories are presented. The three transfer ionisation chambers (two model Exradin A4 chambers and one Exradin A5 chamber manufactured by Standard Imaging, Inc, Middleton, MI, USA) were measured at each laboratory over the period 2013 to 2016. Air kerma calibration coefficients for the transfer instruments were compared for the ISO 4037 narrow- and wide-spectrum series of x-ray beams, in the range from 30 kV to 300 kV. Results from the five primary standard and three secondary standard laboratories were obtained. For each radiation quality, the results were expressed as the ratio of the laboratory to the comparison reference value, which was the average of three laboratories selected for this purpose before the comparison began. The A5 transfer standard was also compared for air kerma at protection-level 137Cs gamma rays. Laboratories reported their conversion coefficients for ambient dose equivalent, H*(10), and so the comparison also served as an indirect test of this quantity. Overall, the laboratories were in general agreement within the expanded uncertainties claimed by the laboratories. The comparison is designated APMP.RI(I)-S3 under the international arrangements for comparisons conducted to support the CIPM MRA.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Facile synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride via copolymerization of melamine and TCNQ for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Fengzhi , Lei Weisheng , Pan Xinhua , Ye Zhizhen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been regarded as an intriguing photocatalyst applying to hydrogen generation but suffering rapid recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs and insufficient absorption under visible light. We developed a novel one-pot thermal copolymerization method of melamine as a precursor and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as a comonomer to synthesize modified g-C3N4 (abbreviated as X% TCNQ) for the first time, aiming to directly incorporate TCNQ molecular into carbon nitride skeleton for the substitution of low-electronegative carbon for high-electronegative nitride atom. Results revealed that the as-prepared photocatalysts by copolymerization of melamine with TCNQ retained the original framework of g-C3N4, and dramatically altered the electronic and optical properties of carbon nitride. Various measurements confirmed that as-synthesized samples exhibited larger specific surface areas, faster photogenerated charge transfer and broader optical absorption by decreasing the π-deficiency and extending the π-conjugated system, thus facilitating the photocatalytic activity. Specifically, the 0.3% TCNQ exhibited as high as seven times than the pristine g-C3N4 on photocatalytic H2 generation and kept its photoactivity for five circles. This work highlights a feasible approach of chemical protocols for the molecular design to synthesize functional carbon nitride photocatalysts by copolymerizing appropriate g-C3N4 precursor and comonomers.
Effects of bending strain and crack direction on crack-based strain sensors
Authors: Kwon Yongmin , Park Chan , Kim Jungmin , Kim Hyonguk , Park Cheoljeong , Lee Byeongjun , Jeong Yeondo , Cho Seong J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Inspired by the sensory organs of spiders, crack-based strain sensors are flexible sensors fabricated by depositing a thin layer of metal onto a stretchable polymer. However, to date, most studies on crack-based sensors have considered only linear strain, even when bending is considered, which do not analyze how sensor resistance depends on complex strains (linear, convex, and concave). For each given type of strain, this study examined how the distance between cracks depends on the crack direction. This study also analyzed how the crack-generation mechanism depends on the relation between film-bending axis and crack direction. Thus, a device was proposed herein to test the crack-based sensors and demonstrate how this device can be used to measure the bending direction.
Non-Markovian effects on charging and self-discharging process of quantum batteries
Authors: Kamin F H , Tabesh F T , Salimi S , Kheirandish F , Santos Alan C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The performance of quantum technologies that use entanglement and coherence as a resource is highly limited by the effects of decoherence due to their interaction with some environment. In particular, it is important to take into account situations where such devices unavoidably interact with surrounding. Here, we study memory effects on energy and ergotropy of quantum batteries in the framework of open system dynamics, where the battery and charger are individually allowed to access a bosonic environment. Our investigation shows that the battery can be fully charged as well as its energy can be preserved for long times in non-Markovian dynamics compared with Markovian dynamics. Moreover, the non-Markovianity increase makes it possible to extract the total stored energy as work and the discharge time becomes longer. Our results indicate that memory effects can play a significant role in improving the performance of quantum batteries.
Effect of irrigation on humid heat extremes
Authors: Krakauer Nir Y , Cook Benjamin I , Puma Michael J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Most studies of irrigation as an anthropogenic climate forcing focus on its cooling effects. However, irrigation also increases humidity, and so may not ameliorate humid heat and its extremes. We analyzed global climate model results over hot locations and seasons at high temporal resolution to estimate the impact of irrigation on humid heat extremes, quantified as different percentiles of wet-bulb temperature (

T

w

), under contemporary conditions. We found that although irrigation reduced temperature, the median and higher percentiles of

T

w

on average did not decrease. Increases in

T

w

percentile values and increases in frequency of dangerous

T

w

of several days per year due to irrigation were found in some densely populated regions, including the central United States and the Middle East, while the Ganges basin saw reduced

T

w

. Changes in

T

w

were partly associated with the differential regional impacts of irrigation on moisture transport. These results underline the importance of considering impacts of climate forcings on humidity as well as temperature in evaluating associated effects on heat extremes.
Observations on the Bethe ansatz solutions of the spin-1/2 isotropic anti-ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain: the chiral string conjecture
Authors: Nickel Bernie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Calculations of low lying excited states in even length L → ∞ chains begun in 2019 J. Phys. Commun.
3 025007 in the total spin S = 0 sector are here extended to S > 0. Bethe string configurations that were observed to transition from their definition at small L to different ‘apparent’ configurations at large L are now understood to be a manifestation of the approximate chiral symmetry that develops with increasing chain length. It is conjectured that when chiral symmetry is built into the configuration definitions a complete explicit labelling of all low lying excited states by strings is obtained. The structure is of the form of a product of Bethe strings defining left and right chiral states of spin sL and sR and a central complex ‘string’ necessary to bind

s
⃗

L

and

s
⃗

R

into total

S
⃗

.

Rules based on the string content of a state yield its momentum and asymptotic energy, including the amplitude of the leading ln(L) correction.
Nanoemulsions containing oil and aqueous extract of green coffee beans with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Buzanello E B , Pinheiro Machado G T B , Kuhnen S , Mazzarino L , Maraschin M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coffee has bioactive compounds with protective effect against free radicals and antifungal and antibacterial activities that are beneficial to the health skin. This work aims to provide scientific evidence that nanoemulsions developed with oil and green coffee extract have antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Nanoemulsions were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method using different concentrations of components (oil, extract and tensoactive) in order to optimize the preparation of formulations. The nanoemulsions presented globular morphology, negative charges, monodispersity and size around 200 nm. Two nanoemulsions, namely F7 and F16, presented characteristics of size and concentration of tensoactives more suitable for investigation regarding their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The later assay was performed against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli at different nanoemulsion concentrations. The formulations proved to be inhibitors of free radicals and showed excelent antibacterial activity, demonstrating their potential for cosmetic and therapeutic applications.
How I Diagnose Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Authors: Gibson Sarah E , Swerdlow Steven H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) is 1 of the 3 major subtypes of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. The diagnosis of PCMZL may be challenging, as the differential diagnosis includes benign cutaneous lymphoproliferations as well as other primary or secondary cutaneous B-cell or T-cell lymphomas. This review describes our approach to the diagnosis of PCMZL.

Methods
Two cases are presented that illustrate how we diagnose each of the 2 subtypes of PCMZL. The clinicopathologic features of PCMZL and the ways in which these cases can be distinguished from both benign and other neoplastic entities are emphasized.

Results
A definitive diagnosis of PCMZL requires the incorporation of histologic and immunophenotypic features, molecular genetic studies in some cases, and just as importantly, clinical findings. Emerging data suggest that the heavy chain class-switched cases may be more like a clonal chronic lymphoproliferative disorder.

Conclusions
The 2 subtypes of PCMZL create different diagnostic challenges and require the use of a multiparameter approach. Although very indolent, it is important to distinguish PCMZLs from reactive proliferations, because they frequently recur and may require antineoplastic therapies. It is also critical to distinguish PCMZLs from other B- or T-cell lymphomas so that patients are properly evaluated and not overtreated.
Perspectives from the frontline: A pharmacy department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Collins Curtis D , West Nina , Sudekum David M , Hecht Jason P 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThe global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created unprecedented strains on healthcare systems around the world. Challenges surrounding an overwhelming influx of patients with COVID-19 and changes in care dynamics prompt the need for care models and processes that optimize care in this medically complex patient population. The purpose of this report is to describe our institution’s strategy to deploy pharmacy resources and standardize pharmacy processes to optimize the management of patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis retrospective, descriptive report characterizes documented pharmacy interventions in the acute care of patients admitted for COVID-19 during the period April 1 to April 15, 2020. Patient monitoring, interprofessional communication, and intervention documentation by pharmacy staff was facilitated through the development of a COVID-19–specific care bundle integrated into the electronic medical record.ResultsA total of 1,572 pharmacist interventions were documented in 197 patients who received a total of 15,818 medication days of therapy during the study period. The average number of interventions per patient was 8. The most common interventions were regimen simplification (15.9%), timing and dosing adjustments (15.4%), and antimicrobial therapy and COVID-19 treatment adjustments (15.2%). Patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit care at any point during their hospital stay accounted for 66.7% of all interventions documented.ConclusionA pharmacy department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic was optimized through standardized processes. Pharmacists intervened to address a wide scope of medication-related issues, likely contributing to improved management of COVID-19 patients. Results of our analysis demonstrate the vital role pharmacists play as members of multidisciplinary teams during times of crisis.
A functional–structural model of upland rice root systems reveals the importance of laterals and growing root tips for phosphate uptake from wet and dry soils
Authors: De Bauw Pieterjan , Mai Trung Hieu , Schnepf Andrea , Merckx Roel , Smolders Erik , Vanderborght Jan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Upland rice is often grown where water and phosphorus (P) are limited. To better understand the interaction between water and P availability, functional–structural models that mechanistically represent small-scale nutrient gradients and water dynamics in the rhizosphere are needed.

Methods
Rice was grown in large columns using a P-deficient soil at three P supplies in the topsoil (deficient, sub-optimal and non-limiting) in combination with two water regimes (field capacity vs. drying periods). Root system characteristics, such as nodal root number, lateral types, interbranch distance, root diameters and the distribution of biomass with depth, as well as water and P uptake, were measured. Based on the observed root data, 3-D root systems were reconstructed by calibrating the structural architecure model CRootBox for each scenario. Water flow and P transport in the soil to each of the individual root segments of the generated 3-D root architectures were simulated using a multiscale flow and transport model. Total water and P uptake were then computed by adding up the uptake by all the root segments.

Key Results
Measurements showed that root architecture was significantly affected by the treatments. The moist, high P scenario had 2.8 times the root mass, double the number of nodal roots and more S-type laterals than the dry, low P scenario. Likewise, measured plant P uptake increased &gt;3-fold by increasing P and water supply. However, drying periods reduced P uptake at high but not at low P supply. Simulation results adequately predicted P uptake in all scenarios when the Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) was corrected for diffusion limitation. They showed that the key drivers for P uptake are the different types of laterals (i.e. S- and L-type) and growing root tips. The L-type laterals become more important for overall water and P uptake than the S-type laterals in the dry scenarios. This is true across all the P treatments, but the effect is more pronounced as the P availability decreases.

Conclusions
This functional–structural model can predict the function of specific rice roots in terms of P and water uptake under different P and water supplies, when the structure of the root system is known. A future challenge is to predict how the structure root systems responds to nutrient and water availability.
A-06 Agree to Disagree: Evaluating the Utility of Child and Parent-Reported Symptom Summary Scores on the ImPACT Pediatric
Authors: Bogar K , Schatz P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
ImPACT Pediatric is a neurocognitive test used to assess concussion in children ages 5–11. Embedded in the test is a series of yes/no symptom questions, answered by both parents and their child. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was any utility in creating summary scores using child- and parent-reported symptoms, and document agreement between child- and parent-reported symptoms.

Method
De-identified baseline and post-concussion ImPACT Pediatric data were obtained from the lead programmer at ImPACT Applications, Inc, who was blind to the purpose of the study. Number of symptoms endorsed through parent and child self-report was documented by summing individual symptoms endorsed at baseline and within 7 days of concussion. Chi-squared analyses were conducted to evaluate the level of agreement between the four symptoms that appear on both child and parent symptom lists (Headache, Dizziness, Tiredness, and Nausea/Vomiting).

Results
Across the four shared symptoms (Headache, Dizziness, Tiredness, and Nausea/Vomiting), parent- child co-endorsement ranged from 27%–71% at baseline, and 69%–95% post-concussion; Kappa (as a measure of agreement) was weak; .24–.41. Paired-samples T-tests revealed children report significantly more symptoms than their parents at baseline (p &lt; .001) but not post-concussion (p = .14).

Conclusions
Parents and their children are not in agreement with respect to symptom endorsement on the ImPACT Pediatric at baseline, with children endorsing a significantly greater number of total symptoms. While the presence/absence of specific symptoms may be of clinical utility, creating a summary symptom score out of binary symptom data does not appear to be useful.
A-10 Grit Predicts Depression, Anxiety, and Subjective Cognitive Complaints Despite Normal Cognitive Performance in College Athletes
Authors: Crane A , DaCosta A , Webbe F , Logalbo A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Grit is defined as a non-cognitive variable that assesses perseverance and passion for long-term goals (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007). Current literature demonstrates a relationship between grit and self-control, self-regulation, depression, and anxiety in collegiate students (Muenks, Wigfield, Yang, & O’Neal, 2017; Akos & Kretchmar, 2017; Salles, et. Al. 2016; Masika Musumar, et al. 2018). However, the relationship between grit and relevant sports neuropsychology variables in college athletes has yet to be explored.

Method
Division II collegiate athletes (n = 453, ages 18–23, mean age = 19.79) underwent annual pre-participation baseline evaluation, which included the 12-item grit scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 (GAD-7), Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 5th edition (SCAT-5), and Immediate Post Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT).

Results
Lower levels of grit significantly predicted higher scores on the PHQ-9 (R2 = .053, p &lt; .001), GAD-7 (R2 = .026, p = .002), SCAT-5 total symptoms (R2 = .038, p &lt; .001), and ImPACT symptom score (R2 = .016, p = .015). Interestingly, Grit significantly predicted the ImPACT cognitive symptom cluster (R2 = .029, p = .001), but none of the other symptom clusters or cognitive domains. Similarly, Grit significantly predicted the SCAT-5 cognitive (R2 = .04, p &lt; .001) and sleep clusters (R2 = .016, p = .015).

Conclusions
Consistent with literature in non-athletes, grit is related to mood difficulties. Uniquely, athletes with lower levels of grit are consistently reporting more cognitive problems, but these perceived cognitive problems are not substantiated by objective neuropsychological testing.
A-11 Comparison of the PHQ-9 and ImPACT Affective Symptom Cluster Scores in Measuring Depression at Baseline Among College Athletes
Authors: DaCosta A , Grueninger K , Hurt S , Crane A , Webbe F M , LoGalbo A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Previous research has suggested that the affective symptom cluster in ImPACT can be used to screen for mood-related depressive symptoms in college athletes in place of a standalone mood measure (Riegler, Guty & Arnett, 2019). However, examining the clinical utility of a mood measure that additionally assesses for non-affective depression symptoms should be explored.

Method
Division II college athletes (n = 1,209) completed ImPACT and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at their first annual pre-participation baseline assessment (mean age = 19.28, 37% female). ImPACT symptoms were divided into four symptom clusters: physical, sleep, cognitive, and affective.

Results
Mean affective symptom cluster score was 0.51 while mean PHQ-9 total score was 1.32. Ninety (7.44%) of the 1,209 athletes fell above the cutoff for mild depression on the PHQ-9. The sleep symptom cluster was the best individual predictor of PHQ-9 total score (R2 = .202, p &lt; .001) compared to the affective symptom cluster (R2 = .147, p &lt; .001), physical symptom cluster (R2 = .124, p &lt; .001) and cognitive symptom cluster (R2 = .145, p &lt; .001). The individual ImPACT symptom of “fatigue” accounted for the most individual variance in PHQ-9 total score (R2 = .158, p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
These results suggest there is clinical utility in utilizing a stand-alone mood measure to assess dysphoria that presents in a sleep-related manner as opposed to a purely affective manner.
A-13 Return-to-Learn: Academic Accommodations for Concussion Recovery
Authors: Davis B , Creed K , Keshvnani C , Blueitt D , Garrison C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate academic accommodations offered to student athletes following a concussive injury.

Method
Participants were identified during regularly scheduled visits to the participating fellowship-trained, board-certified primary care sports medicine physician (D.B.). A total of 127 participants (mean ± SD age, 14.8 ± 1.5 years [range, 12–18 years]) diagnosed with a concussion from December 2018 to October 2019 were surveyed. The participants were provided a questionnaire in which the following information was collected: age at injury, date of injury, locations of treatment, cognitive symptoms experienced, academic accommodations received, implementation of accommodation by educators, and school related problems.

Results
Cognitive symptoms were reported by 117 (92.1%) participants with trouble concentrating (81.2%), and feeling “slow” (78.7%) being the most common. Participants treated at the participating, sports-medicine concussion center had the highest rate of receiving academic accommodations (95.3%), while those also treated at an emergency or acute care center, primary care physician, or pediatrician’s office had significantly lower rates (&lt;5%). Participants reported their accommodations as helpful (94.5%), with extra time (88.2%), and ability to take breaks (80.3%) having the highest frequency of recommendation. While symptomatic, 110 (86.6%) participants reported having difficulty completing school work and tests, 58 (45.7%) reported experiencing anxiety about completing their school work, and 55 (43.3%) reported a decline in their grades.

Conclusions
These data display the high frequency of cognitive symptoms and hindered academic performance associated with concussion recovery. The implementation of academic accommodations was demonstrated to be beneficial; however, not all medical centers are providing accommodations.