bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative sonographic diagnosis of McSwain type V appendiceal intussusception
Authors: Duan Xing-xing , Peng Ya , Yang Liu , Chen Wen-juan , Tang Xiang-lian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Appendiceal intussusception is a rare disease. The definite preoperative diagnosis of appendiceal intussusception is rare and challenging. Here, we present a case of McSwain type V appendiceal intussusception in a 10-year-old boy. To our best knowledge, this is the first case report of a type V appendiceal intussusception that was preoperatively confirmed with sonography. Here, we have described in detail the ultrasound features and differential diagnosis of this rare disease.

Patient concerns:
A 10-year-old boy presented with 3 days of recurrent intermittent mild abdominal pain. The result of ultrasonography suggested an ileocolic intussusception and a therapeutic air-contrast enema was requested to reduce the intussusception but failed at a local hospital.

Diagnoses:
Physical exam revealed mild tenderness in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. However, ultrasonography showed a target-sign in cross section and a finger-like appearance in the longitudinal view. A diagnosis of McSwain type V appendiceal intussusception was made.

Interventions:
The patient underwent an appendectomy after successful manual reduction on laparotomy. The appendix was successfully resected.

Outcomes:
Intraoperatively, the appendix was completely inverted in the cecum, and the preoperative sonographic findings were confirmed. During follow-up, there were no signs of recurrence.

Lessons:
Pre-operatively, on ultrasound a type V appendiceal intussusception is usually misdiagnosed as an ileocolic intussusception. Radiologists must execute caution to avoid over reliance on the sonographic findings of intussusception, especially when there is a mismatch with clinical symptoms. It is especially important to accurately understand the surgical-anatomic configuration of type V appendiceal intussusception that creates a “target-sign” and a “finger-like” layout on ultrasonography.
Management of the axilla with sentinel lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Aksoy Suleyman Ozkan , Sevinc Ali İbrahim , Ünal Mücahit , Balci Pinar , Görkem İlknur Bilkay , Durak Merih Guray , Ozer Ozden , Bekiş Recep , Emir Büşra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the gold standard initial treatment of the locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). However, the reliability of methods that used to assess response the NAC is still controversial. In this study, patients with LABC who underwent NAC were evaluated retrospectively. The assessment of response to NAC and the effect of axillary approach were investigated on LABC course.
The study comprised 94 patients who received NAC with an LABC diagnosis between 2008 and 2020. In our center, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and 18 F-flouro deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, and, for some patients, fine-needle aspiration biopsy of suspicious axillary lymph nodes have been performed to assess the effects of NAC. Patients with positive hormone receptor status received adjuvant hormonotherapy, and those with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 gene expression were treated with trastuzumab. Adjuvant radiotherapy was applied to all patients undergoing breast conserving surgery. Radiotherapy was applied to the peripheral lymphatic areas in the clinical N1 to N3 cases regardless of the response to NAC.
The clinical response to the NAC was found that partial in 59% and complete in 19% of the patients. However, 21.2% of the patients were unresponsive. The mean of lymph nodes that excised with the procedure of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) was 2.4 (range 1–7). In 22 of the 56 patients who underwent SLNB, axillary dissection (AD) was added to the procedure upon detection of metastasis in frozen section examinations. There was no difference between the SLNB and AD groups regarding overall survival (OS; P = .472) or disease-free survival (DFS) rates (P
= .439). However, there were differences in the OS (P < .05) and DFS (P
= .05) rates on the basis of the LABC histopathological subtypes.
The study found that a relationship between molecular subtypes and LABC survival. However, the post-NAC axillary approach had no effect on OS or DFS. Therefore, multiple imaging and interventional methods are needed for the evaluation of NAC response. In addition, morbidity can be avoided after AD by the use of SLNB in cN0 patients.
Meta-analysis of the relationship between Dietary Inflammatory Index and esophageal cancer risk
Authors: Chen Qiu-Jin , Ou Liang , Li Kai , Ou Feng-Rong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Diet is closely related to the occurrence of esophageal cancer (EC). Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), as a novel index that describes the inflammatory potential of diet, was widely used in many diseases.

Objective:
To systematically analyze the relationship between DII and the risk of esophageal cancer.

Methods:
We mainly searched relative studies in PubMed, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and other literature database. The random-effect model was used for meta-analysis, and subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to detect the origin of heterogeneity.

Results:
We finally obtained 6 articles (8 studies). All studies were case-control studies which consisted of 1961 cases and 3577 controls. In this study, compared with the lowest DII category, the highest DII category had a higher risk of esophageal cancer, and the pooled odds ratio (OR) of the 8 studies were 2.54 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.90–3.40; I

2
= 65.7%, P = .005). Furthermore, regardless of the differences in published year, DII components, geographic location, and study quality, there was still an increased risk of esophageal cancer in the highest DII category compared with the lowest DII category.

Conclusions:
Our results inferred that DII was positively correlated with esophageal cancer risk and it could be used as a tool to predict the esophageal cancer risk and evaluate human health.
Acupuncture and related therapies for hyperlipidemia
Authors: Wang Xue-Song , Li Jia-Jia , Wang Yue-Shen , Yu Chao-Chao , He Chuan , Huang Zhong-Sheng , Wu Miao , Kong Li-Hong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To compare and rank the clinical effects of different acupuncture and acupuncture-related therapies on patients with hyperlipidemia.

Methods:
We used Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) to evaluate the direct and indirect evidence from relevant studies. Three English and 4 Chinese databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupuncture and related therapies in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The data were analyzed using Stata15.0 and WinBUGS1.4.3 software after 2 researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies.

Results:
Based on the current evidence, we comprehensively compare the pros and cons of various acupuncture-related therapies, rank the efficacy of various acupuncture-related therapies compared with statins in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and summarize the best acupuncture intervention methods or combinations.

Conclusion:
This study will provide new evidence for the safety and effectiveness of acupuncture-related therapies in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, and may be helpful for clinicians, hyperlipidemia patients, and clinical guideline makers to choose the optimal combination of acupuncture for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Registration number:
INPLASY2020100100
Ambulatory Care Fragmentation and Subsequent Hospitalization
Authors: Kern Lisa M. , Ringel Joanna B. , Rajan Mangala , Colantonio Lisandro D. , Casalino Lawrence P. , Pinheiro Laura C. , Reshetnyak Evgeniya , Safford Monika M. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Previous studies have suggested that highly fragmented ambulatory care increases the risk of subsequent hospitalization, but those studies used claims only and were not able to adjust for many clinical potential confounders.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the association between fragmented ambulatory care and subsequent hospitalization, adjusting for demographics, medical conditions, medications, health behaviors, psychosocial variables, and physiological variables.

Design:
Longitudinal analysis of data (2003–2016) from the nationwide REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, linked to Medicare fee-for-service claims.

Subjects:
A total of 12,693 Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older from the REGARDS study who had at least 4 ambulatory visits in the first year of observation and did not have a hospitalization in the prior year.

Measures:
We defined high fragmentation as a reversed Bice-Boxerman score above the 75th percentile. We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine the association between fragmentation as a time-varying exposure and incident hospitalization in the 3 months following each exposure period.

Results:
The mean age was 70.4 years; 54% were women, and 33% were African American. During the first year of observation, participants with high fragmentation had a median of 8 ambulatory visits with 6 providers, whereas participants with low fragmentation had a median of 7 visits with 3 providers. Over 11.8 years of follow-up, 6947 participants (55%) had a hospitalization. High fragmentation was associated with an increased hazard of hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio=1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.24).

Conclusion:
Highly fragmented ambulatory care is an independent risk factor for hospitalization.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound for the Evaluation and Management of Febrile Infants
Authors: Delacruz Nicolas , Malia Laurie , Dessie Almaz 
Published: December 2020

Background
Febrile infants frequently present to the emergency department (ED) and account for a vulnerable population at significant risk for serious bacterial infection. Appropriate evaluation and management are key to favorable outcomes but can present challenges for providers, especially in EDs where ill children are infrequently seen and pediatric-trained staff may not be available. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is integrated into the care of adults in the ED but is less commonly used for infants.

Objective of Review
We present a review of the current literature and proposed approach to using POCUS for bladder catheterization, lumbar puncture (LP), and vascular access in the resuscitation and evaluation of febrile infants.

Discussion
Point-of-care ultrasound can be a useful adjunct in the evaluation of febrile infants by facilitating higher success rates of infant bladder catheterization, LP, and intraosseous and intravenous (IV) line placement. Ultrasound has been shown to be a reliable method of evaluating bladder volumes before the catheterization of infants, reducing the number of attempts needed to obtain an adequate urine sample for testing and culture. Point-of-care ultrasound has also been shown to improve the yield of LPs in infants. Ultrasound is a rapid and accurate way of identifying the appropriate location and depth of needle insertion. Point-of-care ultrasound has also been shown to facilitate obtaining IV access in infants as well as confirming the proper placement of intraosseous lines.

Conclusions
A growing body of evidence suggests that POCUS is a useful adjunct in the initial evaluation and resuscitation of febrile infants. It is the position of both the American Academy or Pediatrics, American College of Emergency Physicians, and the authors of this article that emergency physicians should be familiar with the indications and applications of POCUS in children. This technology should be used as an adjunct to improve success rates when performing bladder catheterization, LP, and obtaining intravenous/intraosseous access for infants.
Impact of the Number of Cores on the Prostate Cancer Detection Rate in Men Undergoing in-Bore Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Guided Targeted Biopsies
Authors: Subramanian Naveen , Recchimuzzi Debora Z. , Xi Yin , Diaz de Leon Alberto , Chen Heng , Xie Donglu , Goldberg Kenneth , Rofsky Neil M. , Pedrosa Ivan , Costa Daniel N. 
Published: December 2020

Objective
To determine the incremental detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) provided by sequential cores during in-bore magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided prostate biopsies.

Methods
Single-center, retrospective interpretation of prospectively acquired data in men without previous diagnosis of csPCa who underwent in-bore MRI-guided prostate biopsy between May 2017 and December 2019. Endpoints included detection of csPCa (grade group [GG] ≥ 2) and rate of GG upgrade provided by additional cores. Descriptive statistics presented as mean and standard deviation for the continuous variables, and frequency and percentage for the categorical variables.

Results
Four hundred and forty-three men with 747 lesions met eligibility criteria. Clinically significant prostate cancer was detected in 43.1% (322/747) of the biopsied lesions and GG 2 PCa or greater was identified by the first core in 78.3% (252/322) of them. On a per-core basis, cores 2, 3, 4, and 5 found new csPCa in 6% (42/744), 4% (26/719), 1% (2/137), and 0% (0/11) of the cases. Core biopsy 2, 3, 4, and 5 resulted in GG upgrade in 12% (91/744), 7% (49/719), 7% (9/137), and 0% (0/11) of the lesions, respectively. Each additional core was associated with a mean increase of 5 minutes in the duration of the biopsy.

Conclusions
In men undergoing in-bore MRI-guided prostate biopsies, 3 targeted cores per lesion provide an optimal trade-off between detection of clinically significant tumors and biopsy duration.
Evaluation of the Peripheral Rim Instability of the Discoid Meniscus in Children by Using Weight-Bearing Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jin Bo , Zhen Junping , Wei Xiaochun , Zhou Yukun , Bian Wenjin , Yang Jie , Fan Zhichang 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to assess the peripheral rim instability and the clinical value of discoid meniscus.

Methods
We retrospectively studied 79 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of discoid meniscus from May 2017 to September 2019. The patient symptoms and physical findings were documented. The patients underwent “dedicated” 0.25 T supine and weight-bearing MRI examination. Finally, all patients underwent arthroscopy.

Results
Sound/clicking during motion (P = 0.009) and limited extension (P = 0.044) of subjective symptoms, clunk during motion (P = 0.035), and flexion contracture (P = 0.012) of physical findings were significant predictors of peripheral rim instability. The comparison of the weight-bearing MRI with the supine position MRI demonstrated that the disformed discoid meniscus was shifted significantly and that no shift was displaced centrally (P = 0.001). A correlation between discoid meniscal displacement and the presence of peripheral rim instability in arthroscopy was noted (P < 0.001) using weight-bearing MRI.

Conclusions
The clinical symptoms of the patients combined with weight-bearing MRI can determine peripheral rim instability optimally.
Sexual differentiation of neural mechanisms of stress sensitivity during puberty
Authors: Wright Emily C. , Zakharenkov Hannah C. , Godoy Alexandra Serna , Lake Alyssa A. , Prince Zhana D. , Sekar Shwetha , Culkin Hannah I. , Luo Pei X. , Ramirez Alison V. , Dwyer Tjien , Kapoor Amita , Corbett Cody , Tian Lin , Fox Andrew S. , Trainor Brian C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnxiety disorders are more common in women than men, and this difference arises during puberty. Increased secretion of gonadal hormones during puberty influences brain structure and function, but the extent to which hormones modulate anxiety-related brain circuits is unclear. The slow developing California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) is an ideal species for studying the effects of hormones on brain function during adolescence. In adults social defeat stress reduces social approach and increases vigilance in females but not males. Here we show this sex difference is absent in juvenile mice, and that prepubertal castration sensitizes adult males to social defeat. Since adult castration has no effect on stress sensitivity, our data show that gonadal hormones act during puberty to program behavioral responses to stress later in life. In adults, calcium imaging in the medioventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis shows that threatening social contexts increase calcium transients. Furthermore, prepubertal castration generalizes these responses to less threatening social contexts. Prepubertal treatment with the non-aromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone acts in males and females to reduce sensitivity to social defeat in adults. Together, these data indicate activation of androgen receptors during puberty are critical for programing behavioral responses to stress in adulthood, highlighting a possible mechanism contributing to sex differences in anxiety.Significance StatementPuberty is a key period when sex differences in anxiety emerges. Gonadal hormone release increases during this time but it is largely unknown how they impact brain circuits and behavior. We show that androgens play a key role in programming behavioral responses to social defeat stress. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis responds to social threats and these responses are more generalized in males without gonadal hormone exposure during puberty. Our findings highlight the importance of pubertal androgens in determining adult behavioral responses to social stress.
Nucleated Cell Death by a Single Hole Generated by C5b-9
Authors: Chauhan Anil K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCell death is essential for tissue regeneration and removal of pathogenic cells. Immunological cell death is caused by membrane attack complex (MAC) or bacterial perforins. A complete understanding of nucleated cell death or bacterial cell death by MAC is essential for therapeutic interventions. The mechanism of MAC mediated cell death in nucleated cell is controversial. We know show that MAC causes cell death in nucleated cells by creating a large single hole in the membrane. Our results are contrary to the current paradigm that states “MAC kills nucleated cell by multiple hits”. MAC deposition on the cell membrane also trigger clustering of membrane rafts, which will have relevant consequences for enhanced cell signaling.Significance StatementProteins of late complement pathway that form membrane attack complex, cause death of undesirable nucleated cells such as lymphocytes. The structure of these proteins and their similarity to bacterial cytolysins has been studied. How C9 pore forming protein assemble with rest of C5b-8 on nucleated cell membrane remains controversial. We thus examined and now show the structures formed by these proteins on nucleated cell membranes. Formation of MAC occurs during complement activation during infection and autoimmunity. Largely, our current knowledge of the membrane pore formation is gained using ghost cells, lipid micelles, and erythrocytes. Understanding of how MAC kills nucleated cells will enhance our ability to design new therapies for selective killing of pathogens.
Historical and cross-disciplinary trends in the biological and social sciences reveal an accelerating adoption of advanced analytics
Authors: Bolt Taylor , Nomi Jason S. , Bzdok Danilo , Uddin Lucina Q. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMethods for data analysis in the biomedical, life and social sciences are developing at a rapid pace. At the same time, there is increasing concern that education in quantitative methods is failing to adequately prepare students for contemporary research. These trends have led to calls for educational reform to undergraduate and graduate quantitative research method curricula. We argue that such reform should be based on data-driven insights into within- and cross-disciplinary use of research methods. Our survey of peer-reviewed literature screened ∼3.5 million openly available research articles to monitor the cross-disciplinary usage of research methods in the past decade. We applied data-driven text-mining analyses to the methods and materials section of a large subset of this corpus to identify method trends shared across disciplines, as well as those unique to each discipline. As a whole, usage ofT-test, analysis of variance, and other classical regression-based methods has declined in the published literature over the past 10 years. Machine-learning approaches, such as artificial neural networks, have seen a significant increase in the total share of scientific publications. We find unique groupings of research methods associated with each biomedical, life and social science discipline, such as the use of structural equation modeling in psychology, survival models in oncology, and manifold learning in ecology. We discuss the implications of these findings for education in statistics and research methods, as well as within- and cross-disciplinary collaboration.
Phosphorylation of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 regulates clathrin-mediated receptor endocytosis
Authors: Sathler Matheus F. , Khatri Latika , Roberts Jessica P. , Kubrusly Regina C.C. , Ziff Edward B. , Kim Seonil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSynaptic strength is altered during synaptic plasticity by controlling the number of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) at excitatory synapses. In particular, during long-term potentiation and synaptic up-scaling, AMPARs are accumulated at synapses to increase synaptic strength. Neuronal activity leads to activity-dependent phosphorylation of AMPAR subunit GluA1, and subsequent increases in GluA1 surface expression, which can be achieved by either an increase in exocytosis or a decrease in endocytosis of the receptors. However, the molecular pathways underlying GluA1 phosphorylation-induced elevation of surface AMPAR expression are not completely understood. Here, we first employ fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to reveal that phosphorylation of GluA1 Serine 845 (S845) plays a more important role in receptor endocytosis than exocytosis during synaptic plasticity. Notably, endocytosis of AMPARs depends upon the clathrin adaptor, AP2, which recruits cargo proteins into endocytic clathrin coated pits. Importantly, the KRMK (Lysine-Arginine-Methionine-Lysine) motif in the carboxyl-terminus of GluA1 is suggested to be an AP2 binding site, but the exact function has not been defined. Moreover, the GluA1 KRMK motif is closely located to one of GluA1 phosphorylation sites, serine 845 (S845), and GluA1 S845 dephosphorylation is suggested to enhance endocytosis during long-term depression. In fact, we show that an increase in GluA1 S845 phosphorylation by two distinct forms of synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation and synaptic up-scaling, diminishes the binding of the AP2 adaptor. This reduces endocytosis, resulting in elevation of GluA1 surface expression. We thus demonstrate a mechanism of GluA1 phosphorylation-regulated clathrin-mediated endocytosis of AMPARs.