bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation apricot seed kernel as untraditional source of protein in rabbit rations
Authors: Omer Hamed A. A. , Ahmed Sawsan M. , Abedo Abdelmegid A. , EL-Nomeary Yasser A. A. , Nasr Soad M. , Nassar Somia A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The main objective of this work aimed to investigate the impact of incorporation apricot seed kernel (ASK) in rabbit rations on their digestion coefficients, nutritive values, performance, carcass characteristics, and blood constituents (hematology and biochemistry).

Method
Forty-five New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits aged 5–6 weeks (730 ± 23 g) were divided into five groups (9 rabbit in each group) for 72 days. The first experimental ration considered the control (R1) that not contained apricot seed kernel (0% ASK). The 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th experimental rations contained 0.75, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 % for R2, R3, R4, and R5, respectively.

Results
ASK had no significant effect on the nutrient digestibility except for EE and nutritive values. Incorporating ASK at different levels significantly (P < 0.05) increased average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ASK at different levels had no effect on both digestive tract and head weights, while giblets and carcass weights were increased (P < 0.05) compared to the control (R1). Rations contained ASK with level 0.75, 1.5, and 3% were significantly (P < 0.05) increased crude protein content of best 9th, 10th, and 11th ribs. Meanwhile, R2, R3, and R4 significantly (P < 0.05) decreased ether extract content of best 9th, 10th, and 11th ribs. Inclusion ASK had no significant difference on red blood cell count (RBCs), white blood cell count (WBCs), packed cell volume percentages (PCV), hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). However, levels of ASK (0.75, 1.5 and 3%) were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased eosinophils. Both basophiles and lymphocytes counts were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with ASK (R4). ASK had no significant effect on total protein, albumin, ALT, total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine. Meanwhile, rabbits received ration contained 4.5% ASK (R5) significantly (P < 0.05) increased total globulins and AST contents.

Conclusion
From the data obtained and under the same condition for this study, it can be concluded that, apricot seed kernel can be used safety as an alternative source of protein used to rates reach up to 4.5% without adverse effects on growth rates, feed consumption, digestion coefficients, nutritive values, carcass characteristics, and blood constituents.
Automated Big Data Analytics for the Radiation Oncology Alternative Payment Model Proposal Using a Novel Health Care Software Technology
Authors: Thaker Nikhil G. , Holloway Joshua , Hodapp Chas , Mellen Michael , Fryefield David , Meghani Rehman , Tong Kathryn , Rose Christopher M. 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION: The proposed Radiation Oncology Alternative Payment Model (RO-APM) aims to test prospective episode-based payments for radiotherapy episodes. Practices will need a tool that can calculate historical episode reimbursements to succeed in this new model. An automated software-based technology was created to calculate historical episode reimbursements within a large Network of community oncology practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Claims data between January 1, 2017, and July 31, 2019, were cleaned, organized into episodes, and analyzed with a series of Python computer programs per proposed RO-APM methodology. Averaged Winsorized historical episode reimbursements were first calculated over the entire Network, then over 24 of the largest Practices, and then rerun after application of Clinical Rules to remove misattributed episodes. RESULTS: A total of 79,418 RO-APM–defined episodes were generated from 6,512,375 claims lines. A total of 7,086 episodes (8.9%) were removed because of no treatment delivery code within 28 days of treatment planning. The Network of practices had more bone metastases, and breast, cervical, and uterine cancers but less lung and prostate cancer than the RO-APM dataset. Combination-modality episodes were more costly and required more providers than single-modality episodes. Clinical Rules reattributed 2,495 episodes (3.4%) and increased episode reimbursement by +5.8% over all disease sites (+3.7% using volume weighting; P = .001). CONCLUSION: As payment models continue to shift from volume to value, practices will need an automated analytics technology to measure historical costs and prepare for operational and financial transformation. This automated approach can be adapted to future versions of the RO-APM. Our analysis suggests that future iterations of the RO-APM could incorporate Clinical Rules to remove misattributed palliative care episodes and could implement a separate payment for episodes with multiple radiation therapy modalities.
The Impact of Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion on Bone Turnover Markers
Authors: Athimulam Shobana , Delivanis Danae , Thomas Melinda , Young William F , Khosla Sundeep , Drake Matthew T , Bancos Irina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context
Several studies have reported increased risk of fragility fractures in patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), discordant to the degree of bone density deterioration.

Objective
To evaluate the effect of MACS on bone metabolism in patients with adrenal adenomas.

Design
Cross-sectional study with prospective enrollment, 2014-2019

Setting
Referral center.

Patients
213 patients with adrenal adenomas: 22 Cushing syndrome (CS), 92 MACS and 99 nonfunctioning adrenal tumors (NFAT).

Main Outcome Measures
Osteocalcin, procollagen I intact N-terminal (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), sclerostin.

Results
Patients with CS demonstrated lower markers of bone formation compared with patients with MACS and NFAT (CS vs MACS vs NFAT: mean osteocalcin 14.8 vs 20.1 vs 21.3 ng/mL [P &lt; 0.0001]; mean PINP 34.8 vs 48.7 vs 48.5 µg/L [P = 0.003]). Severity of cortisol excess was inversely associated with sclerostin (CS vs MACS vs NFAT: mean sclerostin 419 vs 538 vs 624 ng/L, [P &lt; 0.0001]). In a multivariable model of age, sex, body mass index, cortisol, and bone turnover markers, sclerostin was a significant predictor of low bone mass in patients with MACS (OR 0.63 [CI 95%, 0.40–0.98] for each 100 ng/L of sclerostin increase).
After adrenalectomy, osteocalcin, CTX, and sclerostin increased by a mean difference of 6.3 ng/mL, 0.12 ng/mL, and 171 pg/mL (P = 0.02 for all), respectively.

Conclusions
Lower sclerostin level in patients with MACS reflects a reduction in osteocyte function or number associated with exposure to chronic cortisol excess. Increase in bone turnover markers after adrenalectomy suggests restoration of favorable bone metabolism.
mTORC1 Deficiency Modifies Volume Homeostatic Responses to Dietary Sodium in a Sex-Specific Manner
Authors: Brooks Danielle L , Garza Amanda E , Caliskan Guzelce Ezgi , Gholami Shadi K , Treesaranuwattana Thitinan , Maris Stephen , Ranjit Sanjay , Tay Chee Sin , Lee Jessica M , Romero Jose R , Adler Gail K , Pojoga Luminita H , Williams Gordon H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a role in features common to both excess salt/aldosterone and cardiovascular/renal diseases. Dietary sodium can upregulate mTORC1 signaling in cardiac and renal tissue, and the inhibition of mTOR can prevent aldosterone-associated, salt-induced hypertension. The impact of sex and age on mTOR’s role in volume homeostasis and the regulation of aldosterone secretion is largely unknown. We hypothesize that both age and sex modify mTOR’s interaction with volume homeostatic mechanisms. The activity of 3 volume homeostatic mechanisms—cardiovascular, renal, and hormonal (aldosterone [sodium retaining] and brain natriuretic peptide [BNP; sodium losing])—were assessed in mTORC1 deficient (Raptor +/-) and wild-type male and female littermates at 2 different ages. The mice were volume stressed by being given a liberal salt (LibS) diet. Raptor +/-mice of both sexes when they aged: (1) reduced their blood pressure, (2) increased left ventricular internal diameter during diastole, (3) decreased renal blood flow, and (4) increased mineralocorticoid receptor expression. Aldosterone levels did not differ by sex in young Raptor +/- mice. However, as they aged, compared to their littermates, aldosterone decreased in males but increased in females. Finally, given the level of Na+ intake, BNP was inappropriately suppressed, but only in Raptor +/- males. These data indicate that Raptor +/- mice, when stressed with a LibS diet, display inappropriate volume homeostatic responses, particularly with aging, and the mechanisms altered, differing by sex.
A dorsal-ventral gradient of Wnt3a/β-catenin signals controls mouse hindgut extension and colon formation
Authors: Garriock Robert J. , Chalamalasetty Ravindra B. , Zhu JianJian , Kennedy Mark W. , Kumar Amit , Mackem Susan , Yamaguchi Terry P. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Despite the importance of Wnt signaling for adult intestinal stem cell homeostasis and colorectal cancer, relatively little is known about its role in colon formation during embryogenesis. The development of the colon starts with the formation and extension of the hindgut. We show that Wnt3a is expressed in the caudal embryo in a dorsal-ventral (DV) gradient across all three germ layers, including the hindgut. Using genetic and lineage-tracing approaches, we describe novel dorsal and ventral hindgut domains, and show that ventrolateral hindgut cells populate the majority of the colonic epithelium. A Wnt3a-β-catenin-Sp5/8 pathway, which is active in the dorsal hindgut endoderm, is required for hindgut extension and colon formation. Interestingly, the absence of Wnt activity in the ventral hindgut is crucial for proper hindgut morphogenesis, as ectopic stabilization of β-catenin in the ventral hindgut via gain- or loss-of-function mutations in Ctnnb1 or Apc, respectively, leads to severe colonic hyperplasia. Thus, the DV Wnt gradient is required to coordinate growth between dorsal and ventral hindgut domains to regulate the extension of the hindgut that leads to colon formation.
Young people’s perceptions about abortion in Southwest Nigeria: Findings from formative audience research
Authors: Arije Olujide , Ojo Temitope , Titus Rachel , Alaba Oluwatoyin , Adegbenro Abiodun , Jah Fatou , Connolly Scott , Onayade Adedeji 
Published: March 2020

Background: Community dialogue around abortion in Nigeria often revolves around legality and morality. Termination of pregnancy is a criminal offense except in instances where the mother’s health is in jeopardy. Young people bear a huge burden of adverse outcomes from induced abortions in Nigeria therefore viable interventions are needed. This study explored adolescents and young people’s perceptions about abortion in three selected states in southwest Nigeria. Methods: This study is part of larger formative audience research (FAR) to gather information about the lives of married and unmarried adolescents and young persons in the study area to support the development of understandable, high-quality, and culturally appropriate radio serial dramas in the local language (Yoruba). We conducted 16 focus group discussion sessions that included questions on abortion among eligible male and female participants aged 15 – 25 years. This section of the discussion guide on abortion consisted of a set of open‐ended questions posed concerning the vignette of a young girl who was seeking to terminate a pregnancy. All discussions where transcribed verbatim and analyzed by thematic content analysis using ATLAS.ti 8 software. Results: Young people indicated that the general public looks unfavorably on abortion. However, personal opinions were likely to be based on whether the person was directly involved, as female participants were more open to the issue than males. Some female participants also indicated that compared with adults, young people had greater negative experiences when procuring abortion ranging from higher cost to stigmatization. Conclusions: In a background of restrictive abortion laws, negative societal perceptions about abortion and adverse outcomes associated with illegal abortion, young people are the most at risk of the harmful outcomes of procuring abortion in Nigeria. More innovative approaches are required to promote healthy sexual and reproductive health (SRH) among young people in Nigeria.
Active and passive optical remote sensing of the aquatic environment: introduction to the feature issue
Authors: Lee Zhongping , Churnside James , Mao Zhihua , Wu Songhua , Zibordi Giuseppe 
Published: March 2020

Through decades of efforts and practices, we have achieved great progress in understanding ocean biology and biogeochemistry through satellite measurements of ocean (water) color, or passive remote sensing. These include detailed global maps of the distribution of surface phytoplankton, the production of newly formed particulate organic matter through photosynthesis (i.e., primary production), as well as the change and feedback of phytoplankton in a changing climate, to name a few. However, these results are still far from a full account of ocean biology and biogeochemistry, where we want more detailed information of phytoplankton (e.g., types and sizes), as well as information in the vertical dimension. For such, we are happy to see new developments in ocean optics and ocean color remote sensing. These include, but certainly are not limited to, hyperspectral sensors, measurements via polarized setups, as well as ocean lidar systems. In particular, through pumping laser light into deeper ocean, lidar has demonstrated great potential to fill the gap of passive ocean color remote sensing. These developments in technology are providing exciting new findings where breakthroughs in ocean biogeochemistry are on the horizon. Thus, we organized this feature issue in Applied Optics to summarize a few recent developments and achievements, where readers and the community can easily capture progress on both fronts, as well as the potential and advantages of the fusion of passive and active optical sensing. Specifically, this issue contains 12 papers describing research in both active and passive optical remote sensing of aquatic environment. They are still limited in number and subject, but are expected to stimulate the ocean color community with findings relevant for satellite applications.
Single-frequency DBR Nd-doped fiber laser at 1120  nm with a narrow linewidth and low threshold
Authors: Wang Yafei , Wu Jiamin , Zhao Qilai , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Jing , Yang Zhongmin , Xu Shanhui , Peng Mingying 
Published: March 2020

We report a narrow linewidth and low threshold single-frequency distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser at 1120 nm based on a short 1.5 cm long Nd-doped silica fiber which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first demonstration of a Nd-doped fiber-based single-frequency fiber laser with a wavelength greater than 1100 nm. A stable single-longitudinal-mode laser operation with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 67 dB was verified by a scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer. The laser threshold is as low as 10 mW. The DBR fiber laser has a maximum output power of 15 mW and optical-to-optical efficiency for the launched pump power reaches more than 8%. The narrow linewidth of 71.5 kHz is obtained in such a single-frequency fiber laser (SFFL). Our result is expected to offer an exciting new opportunity to realize high-performance SFFLs above 1100 nm.
Scalable Hermite–Gaussian mode-demultiplexing hybrids
Authors: Wen He , Liu Huiyuan , Zhang Yuanhang , Sampson Rachel , Fan Shengli , Li Guifang 
Published: March 2020

We propose a Hermite–Gaussian (HG) mode-demulti-plexing hybrid (MDH) for coherent detection of mode-division multiplexed signals. The MDH, which performs multiple functionalities, including demultiplexing, local oscillator splitting, and optical 90-deg mixing, is realized based on the multi-plane light conversion technique. An isosceles right triangle output layout is employed to reduce the number of phase masks to fewer than the number of modes, significantly simplifying the construction of the MDH. A 10-Hermite–Gaussian (HG) mode MDH with only five phase masks is demonstrated by numerical simulation, achieving an insertion loss (IL) and mode dependent loss as low as

−

2.3

and 1.7 dB, respectively. The IL was further reduced to

−

1.5

d
B

through optimization of MDH parameters, such as the beam waists of the input HG modes and the output spots.
Compact Ho:YLF-pumped ZnGeP2-based optical parametric amplifiers tunable in the molecular fingerprint regime
Authors: Cheng Siqi , Chatterjee Gourab , Tellkamp Friedjof , Lang Tino , Ruehl Axel , Hartl Ingmar , Dwayne Miller R. J. 
Published: March 2020

We report on a compact mid-infrared laser architecture, comprising a chain of

Z
n
G
e
P

2

-based optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs), which afford a higher energy yield (

∼

x

<

60

µ

J

at 1 kHz) compared to most conventional OPA gain media transparent in the 2–8-µm wavelength range. Specifically, our OPA scheme allows ready tunability in the molecular fingerprint regime and is tailored for strong-field excitation and coherent control of both stretch and bend (or torsional) vibrational modes in molecules. The OPAs are pumped and directly seeded (via supercontinuum generation) by a 2-µm, 3-ps Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier. The compressibility of the OPA output is demonstrated by a representative measurement of the near-Gaussian temporal profile of a dispersion-compensated 105-fs idler pulse at a central wavelength of 5.1 µm, corresponding to

∼

6

optical cycles. Detailed numerical simulations closely corroborate the experimental measurements, providing a benchmark and a platform to further explore the parameter space for future design, optimization, and implementation of high-energy, ultrafast, mid-infrared laser schemes.
A interdisciplinaridade nas Licenciaturas em Educação do Campo nas Ciências da Natureza: possibilidades e desafios
Authors: Muenchen Cristiane , Sául Tamine Santos 
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho objetiva responder de que forma a interdisciplinaridade é trabalhada nas Licenciaturas em Educação do Campo, na Área de Ciências da Natureza, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, a partir da análise de Projetos Pedagógicos e entrevistas, sendo que a metodologia de análise utilizada foi a Análise Textual Discursiva. Como resultados, duas categorias são discutidas: “Possibilidades de interdisciplinaridade” e “Desafios para a prática da interdisciplinaridade” nas Licenciaturas em Educação do Campo. As análises permitiram identificar que os cursos analisados construíram possibilidades, como a formatação dos semestres, das disciplinas e o trabalho a partir de temas. Quanto aos desafios, destaca-se a relevância de uma formação permanente e de espaços para discussões e planejamentos coletivos.
Environmentalism, Ecologism, and Basic Income
Authors: Pinto Jorge 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Greens are the political group in which the support for the implementation of a basic income is stronger. Nevertheless, the reasons for that support are not always clear and quite often not related to environmental issues. For this reason, two different approaches to a green BI – environmental and ecological – are discussed in this article. The first could be part of a green growth strategy, whereas the second would require structural changes to the economic model, in support of a post-productivist economy. Although showing some overlaps, these models are in conflict in some central aspects, such as the role of economic growth in promoting sustainability. For this reason, it might be incorrect to assume that an environmental BI is a step toward an ecological BI. We will focus on the green aspects as a consequence of implementing a BI and independently of its sources of funding – namely by looking into the amount a BI needs to be in order to support shifting activities from the market to the autonomous sphere – and on the green potential of its sources of financing.
Wilkinson Power Divider with Band-pass Filtering Response and Harmonics Suppression Using Open and Short Stubs
Authors: Lotfi Saeedeh , Roshani Saeed , Roshani Sobhan , Gilan Maryam Shirzadian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a new Wilkinson Power Divider ‎‎(WPD) using open and short stubs is proposed. ‎Open and short stubs are utilized instead of 1/4 wave transmission lines in initial ‎structure to achieve harmonics suppression. The proposed WPD is designed for ‎operational frequency of 0.9 GHz and creates 3 transmission ‎zeros at 1.8 GHz, 2.7 GHz and 3.6 GHz, for suppressing second, third and fourth harmonics. The proposed WPD has been fabricated and the ‎measurement results are in good accordance with simulation results. The designed ‎WPD has a 22 % fractional bandwidth with 0.1 dB insertion loss.‎
The 2-pebbling property of squares of paths and Graham’s conjecture
Authors: Li Yueqing , Ye Yongsheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA pebbling move on a graphGconsists of taking two pebbles off one vertex and placing one pebble on an adjacent vertex. The pebbling number of a connected graphG, denoted byf(G), is the leastnsuch that any distribution ofnpebbles onGallows one pebble to be moved to any specified vertex by a sequence of pebbling moves. In this paper, we determine the 2-pebbling property of squares of paths and Graham’s conjecture on$\begin{array}{} P_{2n}^2 \end{array} $.
Existence conditions for periodic solutions of second-order neutral delay differential equations with piecewise constant arguments
Authors: I. Muminov Mukhiddin , H. M. Murid Ali 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we describe a method to solve the problem of finding periodic solutions for second-order neutral delay-differential equations with piecewise constant arguments of the form x″(t) + px″(t − 1) = qx([t]) + f(t), where [⋅] denotes the greatest integer function, p and q are nonzero real or complex constants, and f(t) is complex valued periodic function. The method reduces the problem to a system of algebraic equations. We give explicit formula for the solutions of the equation. We also give counter examples to some previous findings concerning uniqueness of solution.
Relatively residuated lattices and posets
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Kühr Jan , Länger Helmut 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It is known that every relatively pseudocomplemented lattice is residuated and, moreover, it is distributive. Unfortunately, non-distributive lattices with a unary operation satisfying properties similar to relative pseudocomplementation cannot be converted in residuated ones. The aim of our paper is to introduce a more general concept of a relatively residuated lattice in such a way that also non-modular sectionally pseudocomplemented lattices are included. We derive several properties of relatively residuated lattices which are similar to those known for residuated ones and extend our results to posets.
The study of piecewise pseudo almost periodic solutions for impulsive Lasota-Wazewska model with discontinuous coefficients
Authors: Song Na , Xia Zheng-De , Hou Qiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the existence and global exponential stability of positive piecewise pseudo almost periodic solutions for the impulsive Lasota-Wazewska model with multiply time-varying delays when coefficients are piecewise pseudo almost periodic. Under proper conditions, by using the Gronwall’s inequation, we establish some criteria to ensure that the solution of this model stability exponentially to a positive piecewise pseudo almost periodic solution. Moreover, an example and its numerical simulation are given to illustrate the theoretical results.