PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES TO ANTERIOR TEETH AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Authors: Mutaher Noha Jamal Ahmed , AL-Haddad Khaled A , Al-Akwa Ameen Abdullah Yahya , Al-labani Mohammed A , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Zabara Abdul Qader Mohammed Qasem , Al-deen Hussien Mohammed Shogaa 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: The current study was conducted to reveal the prevalence and causes of traumatic dental injuries to permanent anterior teeth among mixed dentition of schoolchildren in Sana'a City, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 1252 schoolchildren aged 7-12 years in three districts of Sana'a city, Yemen. They numbered 700 males and 552 females from 26 randomly selected public and private schools. Clinical examination of permanent anterior teeth was done according to the classification of Ellis modified by Fried.
Results: Prevalence of TDI was 10.30%, with a male ratio of 4.8: female 1, (P <0.05). Most of the children suffered only one damage to the tooth and most of them are in the maxillary central incisors. The TDI increased with older age (10-12 years old) (16.5%) with odds ratio 4.8, (p<0.05). Regarding the site of trauma, most injuries happened in males on the street (44.9%) while in females happened at home (31.81%) and falls were the main cause of TDI. In both sexes, the most common type of injury was class I (enamel fracture) followed by class II (enamel and dentine without pulp involvement).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the prevalence of TDI in permanent anterior teeth among mixed dentition of school children in Sana’a was high, higher in males than in females, with a peak age of 10 to 12 years, falls was the common cause, and occurred mostly on the street for boys and home for females. Accordingly, educational programs should be developed that focus on ways to prevent dental trauma and the benefits of seeking urgent treatment to maintain avulsed and fractured teeth.
Peer Review History:
Received 13 May 2020; Revised 15 June; Accepted 1 July, Available online 15 July 2020
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Received file

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Name: Dr. Alfonso Alexander Aguileral
Affiliation: University of Veracruz, Mexico
E-mail: aalexander_2000@yahoo.com

Name: Dr. Mohamed Awad Mousnad
Affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa (IUA), Khartoum, Sudan
E-mail: m_abdalaziz@yahoo.com

Name: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah
Affiliation: Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen
E-mail: asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com

Comments of reviewer(s):

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