bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxalate formation during ClO2 bleaching of bamboo kraft pulp
Authors: Li Hailong , Du Chao , Ge Shujuan , Liu Mengru 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the oxalate formation mechanism during chlorine dioxide (

ClO

2

{\mathrm{ClO}_{2}}

) bleaching of bamboo kraft pulp, and thus explore favourable

ClO

2

{\mathrm{ClO}_{2}}

bleaching conditions to better control oxalate formation. The amount of oxalate formed varied linearly with

ClO

2

{\mathrm{ClO}_{2}}

dosage within the whole research range, while it rose exponentially within the first 90 mins of pulp bleaching. Then the actual bleaching process was simulated by reacting

ClO

2

{\mathrm{ClO}_{2}}

with three representative lignin model compounds and comparatively studied. The rule of oxalate formation in the simulated reaction system was identical to that in pulp bleaching by

ClO

2

{\mathrm{ClO}_{2}}

, except for oxalate production by veratraldehyde with prolonged reaction time. Under identical conditions, vanillin formed the highest amount of oxalate, while veratraldehyde formed the least. Furthermore, the amount of oxalate formed increased by 19.59 mg/kg when the kappa number of the delignified pulp was reduced by one unit. Considering the satisfactory pulp brightness and decreased oxalate formation, the recommended conditions for

ClO

2

{\mathrm{ClO}_{2}}

bleaching of bamboo kraft pulp were a

ClO

2

{\mathrm{ClO}_{2}}

dosage of 4 %, 60 °C and 70 mins.
Understanding Hot Workability and Flow Stress Prediction through Processing Map with Microstructural Correlation for HY85 Steel
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Rajput S. K. , Kumar Niranjan , Nath S. K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, the hot compression tests of HY85 steel have been experimented by using thermomechanical simulator Gleeble 3800 in hot compression temperature range of 750°C–1,100°C under strain rates between 0.001–10 s−1 up to true strain 0.7. It is worth noticing from the results that the flow stresses are dependent on the combination of temperature and strain rate. Adiabatic heating corrections of experimental flow stress data were carried out and were used to model stress-strain curves. The predictability of these stress-strain curves was confirmed from experimental results. True stress-true strain curves show the peak stresses followed by softening probability because of the existence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The apparent activation energy is calculated to be 360 KJ/mol using the sinh type constitutive equation, and it is observed that its value decreases with increasing strain. Hot compression of HY85 steel is controlled by dislocation climb and glide (n = 6.3). The processing maps are plotted based on different dynamic materials modeled with strain rate versus temperatures. The flow localization is one of the primary factors with resulting instability, which is revealed from the microstructure. Moreover, the partial DRX was noticed besides the grain boundaries and compression bands. Workability regions were identified using processing maps in the domain of strain rate and temperature and verified with microstructures.
Iloprost improves running performance at 5,000 m in Han but not in Tibetans
Authors: Kayser Bengt , Bang Jui-Lin Fan, Liya Nan, Wang Liang , Wu Bianba & Tianyi 
Published: November 2019

Background: Tibetans experience lose less aerobic exercise capacity in hypoxia compared to lowland Han. We tested if inhalation of iloprost (to counter hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction) and furosemide (to decrease afferent vagal traffic from pulmonary receptors) improve performance in hypoxia in Han compared to Tibetans. Methods: 8 Tibetans and 8 Han, living at 2,260 m, did incremental uphill treadmill running to exhaustion at ambient pressure on day 1, followed by three runs at 5,000 m (hypobaric chamber) after inhalation of iloprost (ILO), furosemide (FUR) or placebo (PLA), on different days in a counter-balanced order. Results: In Han the performance decrement from 2,260 m to 5,000 m was greater than in Tibetans (p<0.05). In Han iloprost improved performance at 5,000 m compared to placebo (p<0.05 vs. PLA); furosemide had no effects. In Tibetans there were no treatment effects. Peripheral O2saturations at peak exercise at 5,000 m, were higher by ～8 % in the Tibetans (p<0.05 vs. Han). Maximum heart rate was lowered by 13±6 bpm in Han at 5,000 m regardless of treatment compared to 2,260 m (p<0.05). Tibetans reached similar maximum heart rates ∼200 bpmat 5,000 m and 2,260 m, independent of treatment. Conclusions: The blunting of the exercise impairment in severe hypoxia in Han during maximal exercise after inhalation of iloprost suggests that hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and right ventricular function are potential performance limiting factors in Han in hypoxia.
Alonso, Luis Enrique; Fernández-Rodríguez, Carlos Jesús. (2018). Poder y sacrificio. Los nuevos discursos de la empresa. Madrid: Siglo XXI.
Authors: Gantman Ernesto R. 
Published: November 2019

Poder y sacrificio. Los nuevos discursos de la empresa, de Luis Enrique Alonso y Carlos Fernández-Rodríguez, continúa con su línea de sociología crítica de­sarrollada en los ensayos recogidos en Los discursos del presente (Alonso & Fernández-Rodríguez, 2014), centrando el foco de análisis en el discurso de la li­teratura gerencial. Desde sus primeras páginas, los autores plantean una vi­sión muy negativa del estado actual del orden capitalista, que contrasta con una construcción discursiva de una realidad que lo presenta como natural, inevitable e incluso deseable. Muchos discursos se entrelazan en este proceso de definición de la realidad social, pero la literatura gerencial, un dominio de análisis de aparente simplicidad, orien­tación prescriptiva y mayoritario sen­tido común, tiene un rol constitutivo esencial. En seis capítulos, que pueden leerse como ensayos independientes, Alonso y Fernández-Rodríguez exa­minan distintas facetas del impacto de la literatura gerencial contemporánea y las formas en que contribuyen a le­gitimar el orden social contemporáneo.
FAST-FOOD ÜRÜNLERİNİN TERCİH EDİLME NEDENLERİNİN TESPİTİ: SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: AKÇADAĞ Mualla , AHISKALI BOZKURT Tuba 
Published: November 2019

Dünya genelinde, hayatın hemen her alanını kolaylaştırmak adına, pratikleşmeye yönelik alternatiflerin ortaya çıkması, yeme alışkanlıklarını da evrilmeye yöneltmiştir. Öyle ki, yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda geleneksel yeme alışkanlıklarından fast food yeme şekline büyük bir geçiş yapıldığı görülmektedir. Fast food yeme şeklinin hitap ettiği büyük bir hedef kitle vardır ki, bu kitlenin önemli bir bölümünü gençler özellikle de öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır.
Bu çalışma, Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin fast food ürünlerini tercih etme nedenlerini belirlemek ve bu nedenlerle öğrencilerin demografik özellikleri ile bir farklılık olup olmadığını anlamak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın anakütlesini Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi’nde okuyan öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Ankette fast food ürünlerini tercih etme nedenlerini anlamaya yönelik Öncü ve ark. (2007) tarafından uygulanan ölçekten yararlanılmıştır. Ölçek 6 boyuttan oluşmakta ve boyutlar toplamda 19 ifade ile ölçülmektedir. Uygulanan anket formunun ikinci bölümünde ise öğrencilerin demografik özelliklerini belirlemeye yönelik ifadeler yer almaktadır.
Araştırmanın bulguları arasında öğrenciler için fast food tercih etme nedenlerinden ürün özelliği boyutundan olan yiyeceklerin tazeliği alt boyutu önemli görülmektedir.
The Mackenzie Mountains EarthScope Project: Studying Active Deformation in the Northern North American Cordillera from Margin to Craton
Authors: Baker Michael G. , Heath David C. , Schutt Derek L. , Aster Richard C. , Cubley Joel F. , Freymueller Jeffrey T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Mackenzie Mountains EarthScope Project—a collaboration between Colorado State University, the University of Alaska, Michigan State University, and Yukon College—deployed a roughly linear, 40-station broadband seismographic network. This network crossed the actively deforming Northern Canadian Cordillera and the Mackenzie Mountains in Yukon, Canada; it also extended into the Canadian Shield in Northwest Territories, Canada. The array was deployed between July 2016 and August 2018 (with four pilot stations installed in July 2015 and three extended stations operating through August 2019) coinciding with and complementing the deployment of the EarthScope Transportable Array to Alaska and western Canada. In this article, we present an overview of project scientific objectives, station configurations, and site conditions; discuss environmental challenges, including those that resulted in station downtime (e.g., spring flooding and encounters with bears); and suggest potential solutions to such subarctic challenges for the benefit of future deployments in comparable regions. We also include an initial characterization of seasonal and geographic variations in ambient seismic noise for the northwestern Canadian Cordillera.
Calibration Analysis and Noise Estimates of WWSSN Station ALQ (Albuquerque, New Mexico)
Authors: Ringler Adam T. , Wilson David C. , Wolin Emily , Storm Tyler , Sandoval Leo 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWorld-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network (WWSSN) records contain daily calibration pulses that can be used to retrieve the magnification as well as the response of the instrument for a given day record. We analyze a select number of long-period vertical (LPZ) records from WWSSN station ALQ (Albuquerque, New Mexico). Although we find that the response of this instrument varies widely throughout time, we show that in most cases, we are able to estimate a pole-zero response that has a root mean square error of &lt;10%. The variability of responses in historical networks has been reported elsewhere because a large number of adjustments of the galvanometer and seismometer were necessary. Using our derived responses, we estimate noise levels for a number of 1 hr digitized traces. We find that noise levels for the LPZ ALQ records are lower than previously reported, suggesting that these records can resolve smaller amplitude signals than previously suggested. We also find that although care must be taken in the digitization and calibration analysis, we are not limited by noise introduced in the digitization process. Finally, we see that to retrieve the full secondary microseism amplitude, we must use both the LPZ and short-period components because the LPZ component is limited by system noise at periods less than ∼5  s.
Problem of Consonant Clusters in Chinese Adaptations of Polish Surnames
Authors: Hryniewska Joanna 
Published: November 2019

Problem zbitek spółgłoskowych w chińskich adaptacjach polskich nazwisk
Artykuł prezentuje pewne zjawiska fonetyczno-graficzne występujące w chińskich substytucjach polskich nazwisk. Praca koncentruje się na uproszczeniu zbitek spółgłoskowych w inicjalnych i finalnych sylabach polskich nazwisk. Z badanego materiału zostały zaczerpnięte liczne przykłady progresywnych i redukcyjnych zmian dźwiękowych. Typ progresywny zmian dźwiękowych obejmuje anaptyksę i paragogę. Zmiany redukcyjne to afereza, synkopa i apokopa. Materiał badawczy składa się z 668 polskich nazwisk oraz 778 ich wariantów adaptacyjnych, funkcjonujących w języku chińskim.
Właściwe rozważania są poprzedzone teoretycznym opisem procesu adaptacji, a także głównych różnic między językami polskim i chińskim oraz systemami ich zapisu, które znacząco wpływają na ostateczny kształt powstających substytucji.
CREATION OF YOUNG ENTREPRENEURS AS RESOURCES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ALLEVIATION OF POVERTY IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES: AN ISLAMIC APPROACH
Authors: Issoufou Chaibou 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of Study: This paper aims to examine the importance of entrepreneurship and the role of young entrepreneurs in economic development. The paper explores the vital role that entrepreneurship can play in boosting economics of a country. This is because creating youth on entrepreneurial skills can be used as resources of economic development and alleviation of poverty in a country. The paper examines how Muslim youth can be created and trained as resources of development of economics and prevention of poverty in Muslim countries.
Methodology: The paper adopts qualitative research methodology to collect and analyze data on the topic in hand. This methodology is used to discuss the effect of training on young entrepreneurs and how it creates them as resources of economic growth and improvement of scarcity in a country.
Results: It finds in this paper that young entrepreneurs are the most crucial instruments that can be utilized to enhance economics of a country and eliminate poverty in the society. This is because young generation is the most important generation that can be taken as a tool and resource to develop economics of a country and alleviate poverty in the society at large.
Implications/Applications: Entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in economic development and creation of young entrepreneurs can be used as resources of economic enhancement as well as job opportunity for Muslim youth. The paper suggests to have empirical research in order to have a clear picture on creation of young entrepreneurs and effect of training them on entrepreneurship as resources of economic development and alleviation of poverty in Muslim countries.
A cidade e as escolas
Authors: Camargo Munir Abboud Pompeo de 
Published: November 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a construção das escolas Corrêa de Mello e Ferreira Penteado na década de 1880, através do diálogo desses edifícios com a malha urbana de Campinas. Além de prédios escolares, esses colégios se tornaram monumentos para a memória daqueles que detinham o poder político e econômico na cidade. Ambos os edifícios eram dedicados à educação popular e inseriam-se em Campinas como estratégia para marcar os espaços entre os grupos menos abastados e os mandatários da cidade, levando sua memória para o futuro. Como fontes, são utilizadas fotografias das escolas, plantas arquitetônicas, o mapa da cidade, jornais e almanaques do período. A análise é realizada a partir das lentes da nova história cultural, compreendendo a arquitetura como produtora e produzida do/pelo urbano, sendo os edifícios escolares possuidores de sentidos próprios que se ligam à memória e à cidade.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): History, Politics, and Public Health Implications
Authors: Nestle Marion 
Published: November 2019

This commentary introduces a special section of AJPH on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the US government’s largest antihunger program and third-largest antipoverty program. SNAP demonstrably lifts adults, children, and families out of poverty, thereby constituting a vital component of this nation’s public health safety net. Despite its well-documented benefits, SNAP is under political and budgetary siege, mainly from congressional representatives and lobbying groups opposed to a federal role in welfare. In part, SNAP is protected from total annihilation by its unusual authorizing legislation—the Farm Bill. This commentary provides a brief overview of the political history of SNAP and its Farm Bill location as background to the deeper analyses provided in this series of articles.
Management and Outcomes of In-Season Anterior Shoulder Instability in Athletes
Authors: Lemme Nicholas J. , Kuczmarski Alexander S. , Goodman Avi D. , Ready Lauren V. , Dickens Jonathan F. , Owens Brett D. 
Published: November 2019

» Anterior shoulder dislocation is a common problem in athletes and has serious implications due to the rate of injury recurrence and the resulting extended time out of play.» There are a variety of management options that address shoulder instability in an in-season athlete, and the decision-making approach should be individualized to the athlete.» Although nonoperative management and return to play in the same season may be a suitable option for a subset of athletes who wish to return to play as soon as possible (during a recruiting season, for an upcoming Combine, or if they are in the last season of their career), given the high risk of recurrence, we recommend that immediate surgical intervention should be considered to decrease the risk of further damage to the glenohumeral joint.» Arthroscopic stabilization currently is the most commonly performed intervention for athletes with anterior shoulder instability in the United States, but open repair remains an excellent option for high-risk patients.» In collision athletes with subcritical glenoid bone loss between 13.5% and 25%, early open anterior capsulolabral reconstruction or a Latarjet procedure is recommended. If glenoid bone loss exceeds 25%, the Latarjet or another glenoid osseous augmentation procedure should be performed to reduce the risk of recurrent anterior instability.
El «discurso del Amo» en una epístola poética de César Moro
Authors: Pacheco Quispe Jhonny Jhoset 
Published: November 2019

En el presente artículo se aborda el análisis de una epístola poética que corresponde a las Cartas a Antonio,de César Moro. Así, se describe la categoría del «discurso del Amo», el cual funciona como mecanismo poético deíndole amoroso en el que participan dos actuantes, el Amo y el Esclavo, además de delinear las consecuencias de este procedimiento. Para realizar ello, utilizamos el marco teórico psicoanalítico de Jacques Lacan vertido en sus Seminarios. Y la herramienta de trabajo textual que usamos es la hermenéutica.
An outbreak of norovirus-related acute gastroenteritis associated with delivery food in Guangzhou, southern China
Authors: Author) Ying Lu(Former Corresponding , Ma Mengmeng , Wang Hui , Wang Dahu , Chen Chun , Jing Qinlong , Geng Jinmei , Author) Tiegang Li(New Corresponding , Zhang Zhoubin , Yang Zhicong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
BackgroundA large number of students at a school located in Guangzhou city developed a sudden onset of symptoms of diarrhea and vomiting. In order to control the outbreak, an epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine the causative agent, sources, role of transmission and risk factors of the infections.MethodsThe study population consisted of probable cases and confirmed cases. An active search was conducted for cases among all students, teachers and other staff members. A case control study was carried out using online standardised questionnaires. Data were obtained regarding demographic characteristics, gastrointestinal symptoms, personal hygiene habits, history of contact with a person with diarrhea and/or vomiting and dining place in the past 3 days. Rectal swabs or stool specimens of the cases, food handlers and environmental smear swab samples were collected to detect potential intestinal viruses and bacteria. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsA total of 157 individuals fit the definition of a probable case, including 46 with laboratory-confirmed norovirus infection between March 8 and March 22, 2018. The proportion of the students who had eaten delivery food three days before the onset of disease in the case group was 2.69 times that in the control group (95%CI: 1.88-3.85). Intake of take-out food three days before, exposure to similar cases 72 hours before onset and case in the same dormitory were risk factors. A total of 20 rectal swab samples from students, 10 rectal swabs from food handlers and 2 environmental swab samples of out-campus restaurant were tested positive for norovirus (GⅡ, genogroup Ⅱ strain ).ConclusionsThe outbreak of norovirus infectious diarrhea was determined. Food handling practices carries potential risk of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks due to a lack of surveillance and supervision. More attention should be paid to the monitoring and supervision of food handlers to reduce the incidence of norovirus-related acute gastroenteritis associated with delivery food.
Medication prescribing quality in Australian primary care patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bezabhe Woldesellassie , Kitsos Alex , Saunder Timothy , Peterson Gregory M. , Bereznicki Luke R. , Jose Matthew , Wimmer Barbara , Radford Jan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Drugs are commonly used in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to treat an underlying cause, or its numerous complications and comorbidities. The objective of this study was to examine the quality of prescribing in patients with CKD in Australian general practice from February 01, 2016 and June 01, 2016, using validated indicators. Methods: We evaluated Australian general practice data obtained from the NPS MedicineWise MedicineInsight dataset for patients with CKD and aged 18 years or older. We used 16 internationally validated prescribing quality indicators focused on medication need, choice and safety in patients with CKD, and we compared results for patients using clinical and sociodemographic factors. Results: Among 44,259 patients with evidence of CKD stages 3-5, 13,263 (30%) had documentation of a diagnosis of diabetes. Less than half of all patients (40.8%) with CKD stages 3-5 and aged 50 to 65 years were prescribed a statin. The use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) was higher in patients with concomitant diabetes (64.1%) compared with those without diabetes (51.5%; P<0.001), yet only 69.9% of the patients with diabetes and microalbuminuria were receiving an ACEI or ARB. There were 7,426 patients (16.8%) with CKD stages 3-5 potentially receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including 14.3% of those patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Potentially inappropriate medication use was more common in CKD patients living in relatively disadvantaged socioeconomic areas, as well as in regional and remote areas. Conclusions: We identified areas for possible improvement in the prescribing of preventive medications, as well as deprescribing of potentially nephrotoxic medication, in patients with CKD stages 3-5. Australian programs working to improve quality use of medication need to focus on improving the appropriate prescribing of recommended preventive medications in patients with CKD, such as an ACEI/ARB and statin, and deprescribing of NSAIDs in patients with concurrent ACEI/ARB therapy. Keywords: chronic kidney disease, drug therapy, quality indicators, inappropriate prescribing, general practice, quality use of medicine, primary care