bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ effective snow grain size mapping using a compact hyperspectral imager
Authors: Donahue Christopher , Skiles S. McKenzie , Hammonds Kevin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEffective snow grain radius (re) is mapped at high resolution using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI). The NIR-HSI method can be used to quantify re spatial variability, change in re due to metamorphism, and visualize water percolation in the snowpack. Results are presented for three different laboratory-prepared snow samples (homogeneous, ice lens, fine grains over coarse grains), the sidewalls of which were imaged before and after melt induced by a solar lamp. The spectral reflectance in each ~3 mm pixel was inverted for re using the scaled band area of the ice absorption feature centered at 1030 nm, producing re maps consisting of 54 740 pixels. All snow samples exhibited grain coarsening post-melt as the result of wet snow metamorphism, which is quantified by the change in re distributions from pre- and post-melt images. The NIR-HSI method was compared to re retrievals from a field spectrometer and X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT), resulting in the spectrometer having the same mean re and micro-CT having 23.9% higher mean re than the hyperspectral imager. As compact hyperspectral imagers become more widely available, this method may be a valuable tool for assessing re spatial variability and snow metamorphism in field and laboratory settings.
Volume-area scaling for debris-covered glaciers
Authors: Banerjee Argha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA volume-area scaling relation is commonly used to estimate glacier volume or its future changes on a global scale. The presence of an insulating supraglacial debris cover alters the mass-balance profile of a glacier, potentially modifying the scaling relation. Here, the nature of scaling relations for extensively debris-covered glaciers is investigated. Theoretical arguments suggest that the volume-area scaling exponent for these glaciers is ~7% smaller than that for clean glaciers. This is consistent with the results from flowline-model simulations of idealised glaciers, and the available data from the Himalaya. The best-fit scale factor for debris-covered Himalayan glaciers is ~60% larger compared to that for the clean ones, implying a significantly larger stored ice volume in a debris-covered glacier compared to a clean one having the same area. These results may help improve scaling-based estimates of glacier volume and future glacier changes in regions where debris-covered glaciers are abundant.
Investigation on the mass transferring near-contact binary TT Cet
Authors: Tian Xiao-Man , Chang Lin-Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFirst multi-colour complete light curves and low-resolution spectra of short-period eclipsing binary TT Cet are presented. The stellar atmospheric parameters of the primary star were derived through spectra fitting as:$T_{eff}=7\,091\pm124\,{\text{K}}$,$\log g = 4.15\pm0.33\,{\text{cm}}/\text{s}^2$, and$[Fe/H]=-0.23\pm0.04\,\text{dex}$. The light curves were analysed using the Wilson–Devinney code. The photometric solution suggests that this target should be a near-contact binary with the primary component filling its critical Roche lobe (i.e. SD1-type NCB). The luminosity enhancement around the primary light maximum (phase 0.10–0.40) on the light curve was detected like other SD1-type NCBs, which could be caused by a hot spot near the facing surface of the secondary component due to mass transfer. Long-term decrease of the orbital period at a rate of$dP/dt=-5.01\,({\pm}0.06)\times 10^{-8}\,{{\text{d}} \cdot{yr}}^{-1}$was detected by the O–C analysis, which supports the mass transfer from the primary to the secondary and is consistent with its primary filling configuration. No third body was found through the light curve and O–C analysis. TT Cet may locate in the broken contact stage predicted by the thermal relaxation oscillation theory (TRO) and will evolve to the contact stage eventually. It is another good observational example supporting the TRO theory. We have collected all known SD1-type NCBs with absolute parameters from the literatures. The relations of these parameters are summarised for these rare systems.
CAN THE14C PRODUCTION IN 1055 CE BE AFFECTED BY SN1054?
Authors: Terrasi F , Marzaioli F , Buompane R , Passariello I , Porzio G , Capano M , Helama S , Oinonen M , Nöjd P , Uusitalo J , Jull A J T , Panyushkina I P , Baisan C , Molnar M , Varga T , Kovaltsov G , Poluianov S , Usoskin I 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTAnnually resolved radiocarbon (14C) measurements on tree rings led to the discovery of abrupt variations in14C production attributed to large solar flares. We present new results of annual and subannual14C fluctuations in tree rings from a middle-latitude sequoia (California) and a high-latitude pine (Finland), analyzed for the period 1030–1080 CE, to trace a possible impact of the Crab supernova explosion, occurring during the Oort minimum of solar activity. Our results indicate an increase of Δ14C around 1054/55 CE, which we estimate is higher in magnitude than the cyclic variability due to solar activity at a 2σ significance level. The net signal appears to be synchronized in the studied locations. Several sources of this event are possible including γ-rays from the Crab supernova, an unusually weak solar minimum or a solar energetic particle incident. More data are needed to provide more insight into the origin of this14C event.
Relative validity of FFQ to assess food items, energy, macronutrient and micronutrient intake in children and adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Saravia Luisa , Miguel-Berges Maria L. , Iglesia Iris , Nascimento-Ferreira Marcus V. , Perdomo Guillermo , Bove Isabel , Slater Betzabeth , Moreno Luis A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFFQ are one of the most widely used tools of research into nutritional epidemiology, and many studies have been conducted in several countries using this dietary assessment method. The present study aimed to evaluate the relative validity of FFQ, in comparison with other methods, in assessing dietary intake of children and adolescents, through a systematic review. Four electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) found sixty-seven articles, which met the inclusion criteria (healthy children and adolescents from 3 to 18 years of age; journal articles written in English, Spanish and Portuguese between 1988 and March 2019; results showing the comparison between the FFQ with other methods of assessment of dietary intake). The articles were analysed by two independent reviewers. A meta-analysis was conducted using correlation coefficients as estimate effects between the FFQ and the reference standard method. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to identify the probable source of heterogeneity. In fifty-five of the sixty-seven studies, a single dietary assessment method was used to evaluate the FFQ; nine combined the two methods and three used three reference methods. The most widely used reference method was the 24-h recall, followed by the food record. The overall relative validity of the FFQ to estimate energy, macronutrient, certain micronutrient and certain food item intakes in children and adolescents may be considered weak. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42016038706.
Prevalence of harm in mindfulness-based stress reduction
Authors: Hirshberg Matthew J. , Goldberg Simon B. , Rosenkranz Melissa , Davidson Richard J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMindfulness meditation has become a common method for reducing stress, stress-related psychopathology and some physical symptoms. As mindfulness programs become ubiquitous, concerns have been raised about their unknown potential for harm. We estimate multiple indices of harm following Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on two primary outcomes: global psychological and physical symptoms. In secondary analyses, we estimate multiple indices of harm on anxiety and depressive symptoms, discomfort in interpersonal relations, paranoid ideation and psychoticism.MethodsIntent-to-treat analyses with multiple imputations for missing data were used on pre- and post-test data from a large, observational dataset (n = 2155) of community health clinic MBSR classes and from MBSR (n = 156) and waitlist control (n = 118) participants from three randomized controlled trials conducted contemporaneous to community classes in the same city by the same health clinic MBSR teachers. We estimate the change in symptoms, proportion of participants with increased symptoms, proportion of participants reporting greater than a 35% increase in symptoms, and for global psychological symptoms, clinically significant harm.ResultsWe find no evidence that MBSR leads to higher rates of harm relative to waitlist control on any primary or secondary outcome. On many indices of harm across multiple outcomes, community MBSR was significantly preventative of harm.ConclusionsEngagement in MBSR is not predictive of increased rates of harm relative to no treatment. Rather, MBSR may be protective against multiple indices of harm. Research characterizing the relatively small proportion of MBSR participants that experience harm remains important.
Forecasting the incidence of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Chongqing: a time series analysis
Authors: Qiu Hongfang , Zeng Dewei , Yi Jing , Zhu Hua , Hu Ling , Jing Dan , Ye Mengliang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis is a highly contagious eye disease, the prediction of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis is very important to prevent and grasp its development trend. We use the exponential smoothing model and the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to analyse and predict. The monthly incidence data from 2004 to 2017 were used to fit two models, the actual incidence of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in 2018 was used to validate the model. Finally, the prediction effect of exponential smoothing is best, the mean square error and the mean absolute percentage error were 0.0152 and 0.1871, respectively. In addition, the incidence of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Chongqing had a seasonal trend characteristic, with the peak period from June to September each year.
Gene expression prior to post-zygotic endosperm collapse in tetraploid bahiagrass
Authors: Pozzi Florencia I. , Acuña Carlos A. , Depetris Mara B. , Quarin Camilo L. , Felitti Silvina A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe endosperm is the storage tissue of seeds and is an important source of nutrients for humans and animals. In the previous work, the gene expression was characterized at 3 and 24 h after pollination (AP). The results suggested that eATP would act as a signalling molecule at the beginning of endosperm development and that sucrose metabolism could be related to EBN insensitivity. In addition, differentially expressed transcripts derived fragments (DETDFs) were related to the failure of fusion of the polar nuclei and the accumulation of storage products in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. The objective of the present study was to identify genes related to endosperm development in apomictic and sexual ovaries of Paspalum notatum 48 h AP, a stage at which development is prior to post-zygotic collapse. The cDNA-AFLP analysis was carried out to analyse different crosses and DETDFs categorized according to their function. The main cellular functions at 48 h AP were metabolism and signal transduction. Fourteen out of 39 DETDFs with relevant functional information were found in crosses for which normal endosperm development was expected. Three DETDFs were found in crosses where viable and unviable seeds were predicted and presented similarity with a casein kinase II (CK2), an enzyme that governs the accumulation of storage proteins in seeds of A. thaliana and Zea mays. The results obtained at 3, 24 and 48 h AP suggest that CK2 is involved in early endosperm development in P. notatum.
Successful treatment by stent implantation for systemic-to-pulmonary shunt obstruction due to a Staphylococcus aureus abscess: a case report
Authors: Homma Yukako , Hayabuchi Yasunobu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 13-year-old girl with a single ventricle and bilateral systemic-to-pulmonary shunts developed hypoxia due to shunt stenosis, which was caused by a methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus abscess. Stent implantation associated with appropriate antibiotic administration was crucial to dilate and maintain shunt patency.
A combined in vivo and in silico model shows specific predictors of individual trans-generational diabetic programming
Authors: Eberle Claudia , Ament Christoph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDiabetic pregnancies are cleary associated with maternal type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome as well as atherosclerotic diseases in the offspring. The global prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy was estimated as 15.8% of live births to women in 2019, with an upward trend. Numerous parental risk factors as well as trans-generational mechanisms targeting the utero-placental system, leading to diabetes, dysmetabolic and atherosclerotic conditions in the next generation, seem to be involved within this pathophysiological context. To focus on the predictable impact of trans-generational diabetic programming, we studied age- and gender-matched offspring of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers. The offspring generation consists of three groups: C57BL/6-J-Ins2Akita (positive control group), wild-type C57BL/6-J-Ins2Akita (experimental group), and C57BL/6-J mice (negative control group). We undertook intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests at 3 and 11 weeks of age. Moreover, this in vivo model was complemented by a corresponding in silico model. Although at 3 weeks of age, no significant effects could be observed, we could demonstrate at 11 weeks of age characteristic and significant differences in relation to maternal diabetic imprinting based on the in silico model-based predictors. These predictors allow the generation of a concise classification tree assigning maternal diabetic imprinting correctly in 91% of study cases. Our data show that hyperglycemic in utero milieu contributes to trans-generational diabetic programming leading to impaired glucose tolerance in the offspring of diabetic mothers early on. These observations can be clearly and early distinguished from genetically determined diabetes, for example, type 1 diabetes, in which basal glucose values are significantly raised.
Mental health impact on the unmet need for family planning and fertility rate in rural Ethiopia: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Catalao R. , Medhin G. , Alem A. , Dewey M. , Prince M. , Hanlon C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
Although much research has focused on socio-demographic determinants of uptake of contraception, few have studied the impact of poor mental health on women's reproductive behaviours. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of poor mental health on women's unmet need for contraception and fertility rate in a low-income country setting.

Methods
A population-based cohort of 1026 women recruited in their third trimester of pregnancy in the Butajira district in rural Ethiopia was assessed for symptoms of antenatal common mental disorders (CMDs; depression and anxiety) using Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. Women were followed up regularly until 6.5 years postnatal (between 2005 and 2012). We calculated unmet need for contraception at 1 year (n = 999), 2.5 (n = 971) and 3.5 years (n = 951) post-delivery of index child and number of pregnancies during study period. We tested the association between CMD symptoms, unmet need for contraception and fertility rate.

Results
Less than one-third of women reported current use of contraception at each time point. Unmet need for birth spacing was higher at 1 year postnatal, with over half of women (53.8%) not using contraception wanting to wait 2 or more years before becoming pregnant. Higher CMD symptoms 1 year post-index pregnancy were associated with unmet need for contraception at 2.5 years postnatal in the unadjusted [odds ratio (OR) 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.15] and fully adjusted model [OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.01–1.12]. During the 6.5 year cohort follow-up period, the mean number of pregnancies per woman was 2.4 (s.d. 0.98). There was no prospective association between maternal CMD and number of pregnancies in the follow-up period.

Conclusions
CMD symptoms are associated with increased unmet need for family planning in this cohort of women with high fertility and low contraceptive use in rural Ethiopia. There is a lack of models of care promoting integration of mental and physical health in the family planning setting and further research is necessary to study the burden of preconception mental health conditions and how these can be best addressed.
A holistic carrot production system for season-long weed management
Authors: Colquhoun Jed B. , Rittmeyer Richard A. , Heider Daniel J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWeed management in carrot is challenging, given slow and inconsistent crop emergence and early-season growth and the lack of practical season-long management tools such as herbicides. We investigated holistic carrot production systems with a focus on minimizing inputs while optimizing resource use. In an overall sense, results of this work were consistent between years, and stark. The choice of carrot variety had a moderate influence on carrot foliar canopy development and, subsequently, weed density. For example, ‘Cupar’ carrot formed a complete crop canopy sooner than the other dicer-type ‘Canada’ variety. Likely as a result, density of weed species such as spotted ladysthumb and common lambsquarters was less where ‘Cupar’ was grown compared with where ‘Canada’ was grown. Gibberellic acid as a foliar application was not successful in these studies and, in a few cases, may have even increased weed-seed germination and establishment. Adding two carrot rows to the current regional industry-standard three-row bed system not only enhanced competitiveness with weeds but also improved carrot yield without additional fertilizer, water, or pest management inputs. By far, though, the most successful strategy to reduce weed density while maintaining or improving carrot yield was to delay seeding by 17 to 19 d. We anticipate more holistic production system research that integrates low-input alternatives in other crops as herbicide-resistant weeds proliferate while few new herbicides are developed. As was demonstrated in this research, such novel approaches can be successful without adding significant economic burden to the farmer or increasing risk of crop failure.
Spray solution pH and soybean injury as influenced by synthetic auxin formulation and spray additives
Authors: Striegel Sarah , Oliveira Maxwel C. , Arneson Nicholas , Conley Shawn P. , Stoltenberg David E. , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUse of synthetic auxin herbicides has increased across the midwestern United States after adoption of synthetic auxin-resistant soybean traits, in addition to extensive use of these herbicides in corn. Off-target movement of synthetic auxin herbicides such as dicamba can lead to severe injury to sensitive plants nearby. Previous research has documented effects of glyphosate on spray-solution pH and volatility of several dicamba formulations, but our understanding of the relationships between glyphosate and dicamba formulations commonly used in corn and for 2,4-D remains limited. The objectives of this research were to (1) investigate the roles of synthetic auxin herbicide formulation, glyphosate, and spray additives on spray solution pH; (2) assess the impact of synthetic auxin herbicide rate on solution pH; and (3) assess the influence of glyphosate and application time of year on dicamba and 2,4-D volatility using soybean as bioindicators in low-tunnel field volatility experiments. Addition of glyphosate to a synthetic auxin herbicide decreased solution pH below 5.0 for four of the seven herbicides tested (range of initial pH of water source, 7.45–7.70). Solution pH of most treatments was lower at a higher application rate (4× the labeled POST rate) than the 1× rate. Among all treatment factors, inclusion of glyphosate was the most important affecting spray solution pH; however, the addition of glyphosate did not influence area under the injury over distance stairs (P = 0.366) in low-tunnel field volatility experiments. Greater soybean injury in field experiments was associated with high air temperatures (maximum, >29 C) and low wind speeds (mean, 0.3–1.5 m s−1) during the 48 h after treatment application. The two dicamba formulations (diglycolamine with VaporGrip® and sodium salts) resulted in similar levels of soybean injury for applications that occurred later in the growing season. Greater soybean injury was observed after dicamba than after 2,4-D treatments.
Phenology affects differentiation of crop and weed species using hyperspectral remote sensing
Authors: Basinger Nicholas T. , Jennings Katherine M. , Hestir Erin L. , Monks David W. , Jordan David L. , Everman Wesley J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effect of plant phenology and canopy structure of four crops and four weed species on reflectance spectra were evaluated in 2016 and 2017 using in situ spectroscopy. Leaf-level and canopy-level reflectance were collected at multiple phenologic time points in each growing season. Reflectance values at 2 wk after planting (WAP) in both years indicated strong spectral differences between species across the visible (VIS; 350–700 nm), near-infrared (NIR; 701–1,300 nm), shortwave-infrared I (SWIR1; 1,301–1,900 nm), and shortwave-infrared II (SWIR2; 1,901–2,500 nm) regions. Results from this study indicate that plant spectral reflectance changes with plant phenology and is influenced by plant biophysical characteristics. Canopy-level differences were detected in both years across all dates except for 1 WAP in 2017. Species with similar canopy types (e.g., broadleaf prostrate, broadleaf erect, or grass/sedge) were more readily discriminated from species with different canopy types. Asynchronous phenology between species also resulted in spectral differences between species. SWIR1 and SWIR2 wavelengths are often not included in multispectral sensors but should be considered for species differentiation. Results from this research indicate that wavelengths in SWIR1 and SWIR2 in conjunction with VIS and NIR reflectance can provide differentiation across plant phenologies and, therefore should be considered for use in future sensor technologies for species differentiation.
Large Wildfires in the Western United States Exacerbated by Tropospheric Drying Linked to a Multi‐Decadal Trend in the Expansion of the Hadley Circulation
Authors: Zhang L. , Lau W. , Tao W. , Li Z. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnalyses of wildfire‐climate relationships in North America were conducted using diverse independent observation and reanalysis data sets for the period 1984–2014. Results show that the western United States (WUS) has experienced the most robust increase in burned area, even though Alaska and western‐central Canada have comparable warming trends. In addition to warming, the WUS has been under the influence of multi‐decadal trends in tropospheric relative humidity deficit, reduced cloudiness, increased surface net insolation, and enhanced adiabatic warming and drying from increased tropospheric subsidence, as well as drying from enhanced offshore low‐level flow. These trends are found to be associated with a widening of the descending branch of the Hadley circulation, consistent with climate model projections under greenhouse gases warming. Due to the relative short (~30 years) data record, the aforementioned trend signals are likely also be affected by phase changes of natural interdecadal variability during the data period.