bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
α‐mangostin attenuates pristane‐induced lupus nephritis by regulating Th17 differentiation
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqing , Chen Huanpeng , Wei Fengjiao , Zhao Qingyu , Su Qiao , Lei Yu , Yin Meng , Tian Xuyan , Liu Zhonghua , Yu Bolan , Bai Chuan , He Xixin , Huang Zhaofeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimα‐mangostin, a polyphenolic xanthone derivative of mangosteen, has been reported to possess multiple therapeutic properties, such as anti‐cancer, anti‐allergy and anti‐inflammatory activity. However, its anti‐inflammatory effects in autoimmune diseases such as lupus nephritis (LN) remain unclear. In this study, we want to investigate the therapeutic effect of α‐mangostin in LN.MethodsFirst, we elucidated the retinoic acid receptor related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) inhibitory activity of α‐mangostin in cell‐based assay and T helper 17 (Th17) differentiation in vitro assay. Then, we established a pristane‐induced LN mouse model and randomly divided these into a normal control group, model control group, α‐mangostin group and prednisone acetate group. Finally, anti‐double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) level in serum was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, interleukin (IL)‐17A and interferon (IFN)‐γ expression in spleen cells by flow cytometry; histomorphology examination of kidneys was performed by periodic acid‐Schiff staining and immunofluorescence analysis with an anti‐immunoglobulin G (anti‐IgG) and anti‐IgM antibodies.ResultsWe found that α‐mangostin inhibited RORγt transcription activity in a cell‐based assay and also polarized Th17 cells in an in vitro induction experiment. Our results also showed that α‐mangostin could significantly decrease serum anti‐dsDNA antibody levels, IL‐17A and IFN‐γ expression and alleviate renal pathological damage in the α‐mangostin‐treated group mice than in the model group mice.ConclusionThus, α‐mangostin demonstrated its potential as a candidate therapeutic drug for LN and other Th17‐mediated autoimmune diseases by inhibiting the function of Th17.
Osteonecrosis and spontaneous exfoliation of dental implants associated with oral bisphosphonate therapy: a case report
Authors: Rawal SY , Hilal G 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBisphosphonates (BPs) have long been used for the treatment of osteoporosis and diseases like bone malignancies, active Paget's disease of bone, severe osteogenesis imperfecta and fibrous dysplasia among others. They bond highly to the bone surface and inhibit bone resorption. As BPs have a long half‐life in bone because of their irreversible binding to bone, patients retain their risk profile even after drug cessation. This property also explains the complications wherein the cessation of bone resorption leads to halt in bone turnover. Usually with alendronate the risk of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of jaw (BRONJ) wears off after 12 months. Reporting of the development of BRONJ is commonly associated with the intravenous BPs. Invasive surgical procedure associated with the placement of implants has been shown to be a major reason for the occurrence or initiation of BRONJ in susceptible patients. The prognosis of implants placed in the jaws of patients under or past BP medication is still uncertain. The present case report describes a patient on long‐term oral BP therapy with spontaneous exfoliation of implant supported bone due to osteonecrosis.
Medication use among older Australians seeking alcohol and other drug treatment
Authors: Bright Stephen , Milroy John , Walsh Katherine , Blatchford Emily 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of medications that interact with alcohol or for which alcohol reduces the medication's efficacy in older adults consuming alcohol at hazardous levels.MethodRetrospective file audit of patients discharged from Australia's only older adult‐specific alcohol and other drug treatment service.ResultsSeventy‐two patients aged between 58 years and 87 years (M = 65.88; SD = 5.67) drinking alcohol at hazardous or harmful levels were taking between 1 and 12 pharmaceutical drugs (M = 4.03; SD = 2.42). The majority (92%) of patients were taking at least one medication that placed them at high risk of serious adverse side effects when consumed with alcohol. The efficacy of most patients’ (97%) medication was deemed to be significantly reduced when consumed with alcohol.ConclusionsAmong older adults who consume alcohol at hazardous levels, many take prescribed medications that adversely interact with alcohol or have reduced efficacy when consumed alongside alcohol. Targeted education is required for patients and health‐care workers to mitigate these risks.
Monopoly and Anti‐Monopoly in China Today
Authors: Huang Yi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor three decades after liberation in 1949, the Chinese economy consisted almost entirely of state monopolies. Economic reforms, starting in 1979, sought to increase the efficiency of the economy by introducing competitive practices in many sectors of the economy. But the Chinese economy has been partially administered by the state for over two millennia. As a result, both state‐managed and private monopolies are still an intrinsic part of the Chinese economy today. Despite two decades of anti‐monopoly reforms, state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) continue to dominate key sectors of the economy, particularly in resource extraction and financial services. The government is aware of the inefficiencies and corruption caused by monopolies, both public and private. But Chinese tradition takes a balanced view of social harms and weighs the damage caused by monopoly against the stability that SOEs have provided China in recent decades. There is less reason for China to tolerate private monopolies, but most of them have arisen in conjunction with digital technology because of its distinctive cost structure (high entry costs, low marginal costs). China has made some use of antitrust law, but most economic regulation in China is administrative. Thus the anti‐monopoly activities that are used to restrain monopoly power in China are different from Western practices.
Economic Democracy: The Role of Privilege in Advancing Civilization
Authors: Harris Drew L. , Twomey Teresa M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhat characterizes the progress of civilization? We propose that it can be understood as expanding democratic principles in governance and economic affairs. In both cases, progress involves advance followed by retreat. Advances come from democratizing and de‐concentrating privileges. This counterbalances the opposing tendency towards monopolization. A two‐by‐two typology of privilege identifies four distinct categories: formal (state sanctioned) vs. informal (culture‐based) privileges on one axis, and efficient vs. inefficient privileges on the other. This matrix leads to a set of propositions that, taken together, should aid in understanding how to advance economic democracy and hinder concentration of economic power: 1) remove inefficient, formal privileges, 2) collect economic rents from efficient, formal privileges, and 3) recognize sovereign rights of individuals in economic activity (which leads to removing taxes on labor and savings). We define our core terms, provide examples to illustrate meaning, provide historic examples to illustrate the feasibility of our analysis, and analyze the dynamic implications of putting our propositions into action.
Fifteen‐year analysis of prostate biopsies in Western Australia including recent impact of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: England Thomas , Li Jian , Cohen Ronald J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe number of men undergoing prostate biopsy and subsequent cancer detection rates has changed significantly over the past 15 years. We aim to evaluate changes in the diagnostic pathway of prostate cancer between 2003 and 2018.MethodsA total of 13 844 Western Australian biopsy‐naive men were assessed to determine trends in age, prostate‐specific antigen levels, number of core samples, positive cores and tumour grade (Gleason) between 2003 and 2018. Further, in 2018, the impact of pre‐biopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) was also assessed.ResultsBetween 2003 and 2012, the number of men undergoing biopsy increased from 1445 to 3100. During this time, the prostate cancer detection rate (%) remained unchanged. However, in 2018, 2042 men underwent prostate biopsy (reduction of 34.1%) and the detection rate increased to 72.6%. The incidence of low‐grade cancer (Gleason score <7) increased from 28.1% in 2003 to 36.2% in 2012, but it decreased significantly to 15.1% by 2018. High‐grade cancer (Gleason score >7) declined from 21.3% in 2003 to 15.2% in 2012 but then increased to 35.7% in 2018. The use of mpMRI in 2018 improved the detection rate of high‐grade cancer. However, its specificity remains low (29.7%) and a considerable proportion of low Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score lesions was later diagnosed with cancer unsuitable for active surveillance.ConclusionIn recent years, there has been a significant increase in the diagnosis high‐grade cancer and a reduction in cancer suitable for active surveillance. mpMRI identifies high‐grade tumours but is not a reliable alternative to prostate biopsy.
Is it safe to irradiate the newest generation of ventricular assist devices? A case report and systematic literature review
Authors: Spano Giancarlo , Stutz Emanuel , Elicin Olgun , Hugi Beate , Henzen Dominik , Fürholz Monika , Wieser Monika , Rhyner Daniel , Dobner Stephan , Pavlicek‐Bahlo Maryam , Robson Desiree , Nadel James , Hayward Christopher , Hunziker Lukas , Martinelli Michele , Schnegg Bruno 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn increasing number of mechanical assist devices, especially left ventricular assist devices (VADs), are being implanted for prolonged periods and as destination therapy. Some VAD patients require radiotherapy due to concomitant oncologic morbidities, including thoracic malignancies. This raises the potential of VAD malfunction via radiation‐induced damage. So far, only case reports and small case series on radiotherapy have been published, most of them on HeartMate II (HMII, Abbott, North Chicago, IL, USA). Significantly, the effects of irradiation on the HeartMate 3 (HM3, Abbott) remain undefined, despite the presence of controller components engineered within the pump itself. We report the first case of a patient with a HM3 who successfully underwent stereotactic hypofractionated radiotherapy due to an early‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer. The patient did not suffer from any complications, including toxicity or VAD malfunction. Based on this case report and on published literature, we think that performing radiotherapy after VAD implantation with the aid of a multidisciplinary team could be performed, but more in vitro studies and cases series are needed to reinforce this statement.
Genome‐wide association study and genomic evaluation of feed efficiency traits in Japanese Black cattle using single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction method
Authors: Takeda Masayuki , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Inoue Keiichi , Ogino Atushi , Nozaki Takayoshi , Kurogi Kazuhito , Yasumori Takanori , Satoh Masahiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to better understand the genetic architecture and the possibility of genomic evaluation for feed efficiency traits by (i) performing genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), and (ii) assessing the accuracy of genomic evaluation for feed efficiency traits, using single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP)‐based methods. The analyses were performed in residual feed intake (RFI), residual body weight gain (RG), and residual intake and body weight gain (RIG) during three different fattening periods. The phenotypes from 4,578 Japanese Black steers, which were progenies of 362 progeny‐tested bulls and the genotypes from the bulls were used in this study. The results of GWAS showed that a total of 16, 8, and 12 gene ontology terms were related to RFI, RG, and RIG, respectively, and the candidate genes identified in RFI and RG were involved in olfactory transduction and the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, respectively. The realized reliabilities of genomic estimated breeding values were low to moderate in the feed efficiency traits. In conclusion, ssGBLUP‐based method can lead to understand some biological functions related to feed efficiency traits, even with small population with genotypes, however, an alternative strategy will be needed to enhance the reliability of genomic evaluation.
How deaths can help clinicians and policy‐makers understand the risks of novel psychoactive substances
Authors: Corkery John Martin , Schifano Fabrizio , Martinotti Giovanni 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNovel psychoactive substances (NPS), especially those newly created, are largely an unknown quantity, particularly in terms of their potential serious adverse effects. This means that policy‐makers and clinicians are under‐informed about appropriate responses. Collation of detailed information on deaths related to NPS use can help in providing knowledge and understanding these aspects of the NPS phenomenon. The purpose of this review is to outline the role(s) which such evidence‐based data can play in this respect. UK NPS‐related cases demonstrate differences in definitions used by the General Mortality Registers, and differences between countries, not only in terms of the type of NPS implicated in deaths, but the number and extent of such deaths over time. NPS deaths are continuing to increase numerically and as a proportion of all drug‐poisoning deaths. In order to better understand how specific molecules contribute to and/or cause death, detailed information collected by Special Mortality Registers can provide examples of substances' modes of action, adverse effects, symptomatology, treatment interventions, mechanisms of death, etc. This information can provide clinicians and policy‐makers with objective information on the serious harms from such emerging molecules. Such evidence‐based advice informs public health interventions, service provision and policy decisions on regulation and control of NPS. However, without reliable, accurate and complete information that is correctly collated, scientifically analysed and disseminated in a timely manner, an understanding of the phenomenon of what deaths can be ascribed to NPS, their characteristics and nature will remain unachieved, and thus limit what can be done to reduce them.
Hyperlipidaemia and cardioprotection: Animal models for translational studies
Authors: Andreadou Ioanna , Schulz Rainer , Badimon Lina , Adameová Adriana , Kleinbongard Petra , Lecour Sandrine , Nikolaou Panagiota‐Efstathia , Falcão‐Pires Ines , Vilahur Gemma , Woudberg Nicholas , Heusch Gerd , Ferdinandy Péter 
Published: November 2019

Hyperlipidaemia is a well‐established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and therefore, many animal model have been developed to mimic the human abnormal elevation of blood lipid levels. In parallel, extensive research for the alleviation of ischaemia/reperfusion injury has revealed that hyperlipidaemia is a major co‐morbidity that attenuates the cardioprotective effect of conditioning strategies (preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning) and that of pharmacological interventions by interfering with cardioprotective signalling pathways. In the present review article, we summarize the existing data on animal models of hypercholesterolaemia (total, low density and HDL abnormalities) and hypertriglyceridaemia used in ischaemia/reperfusion injury and protection from it. We also provide recommendations on preclinical animal models to be used for translations of the cardioprotective strategies into clinical practice.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc
Linking dung beetle‐mediated functions to interactions in the Atlantic Forest: Sampling design matters
Authors: Raine Elizabeth H. , Mikich Sandra B. , Lewis Owen T. , Slade Eleanor M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInteractions between dung beetles and vertebrate dung are intimately linked to a suite of ecosystem functions in tropical forests. We show that the trapping method and the type of dung used affect the suite of beetles captured, with the potential to influence the outcome of experiments linking functions to interactions.
Age‐Related Differences in Sensitivity to Facial Trustworthiness: Perceptual Representation and the Role of Emotional Development
Authors: Baccolo Elisa , Macchi Cassia Viola 
Published: November 2019

The ability to discriminate social signals from faces is a fundamental component of human social interactions whose developmental origins are still debated. In this study, 5‐year‐old (N = 29) and 7‐year‐old children (N = 31) and adults (N = 34) made perceptual similarity and trustworthiness judgments on a set of female faces varying in level of expressed trustworthiness. All groups represented perceived similarity of the faces as a function of trustworthiness intensity, but such representation becomes more fine‐grained with development. Moreover, 5‐year‐olds' accuracy in choosing the more trustworthy face in a pair varied as a function of children's score at the Test of Emotion Comprehension, suggesting that the ability to perform face‐to‐trait inferences is related to the development of emotional understanding.
The effect of a nurse‐led self‐management program on outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wang Lian Hong , Zhao Yan , Chen Ling Yun , Zhang Li , Zhang Yong Mei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine the effectiveness of a nurse‐led self‐management program on outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).DesignA randomized controlled, single‐blind trial, carried out from October 2017 to December 2018, included 154 participants admitted with COPD to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University in Guizhou, (randomized into intervention (n = 77) and control groups (n = 77)).Materials and MethodsParticipants in the intervention group underwent a nurse‐led self‐management program in addition to routine care, and participants of the control group received only routine care. The main outcome measures were COPD‐related readmission and emergency department visits, the 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD) test for measurement of exercise capacity, the St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) for measurement of health‐related quality of life, and the COPD Transitional Care Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (CTCPSQ) for measurement of satisfaction. Data collection was conducted at baseline (T1) and after 3 (T2), 6 (T3) and 12 mo (T4).FindingsCompared to the control group, participants in the intervention group showed significantly fewer COPD‐related hospital admissions (P = 0.03) and emergency department visits (P = 0.001) and higher total CTCPSQ scores (P = 0.001) at 12 mo. Meanwhile, analysis of variance showed a significantly greater improvement in exercise capacity and health status over time in the nurse‐led program group than in the control group, P < 0.001.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the nurse‐led self‐management program was effective in decreasing hospital readmissions and emergency department visits and improving exercise capacity, health‐related quality of life and satisfaction for patients with COPD.
Specific infiltrate of Hodgkin lymphoma at site of cellulitis mimicking secondary cutaneous involvement
Authors: Facheris Paola , Valenti Mario , Pavia Giulia , Grizzi Fabio , Narcisi Alessandra , Costanzo Antonio , Borroni Riccardo G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHodgkin lymphoma (HL) usually involves the lymph nodes, but concomitant cutaneous manifestations can also occur. The diagnosis of cutaneous involvement by HL must be supported by specific clinical and histopathological findings. We describe the case of a 56‐year‐old man recently diagnosed with HL of the left axillary nodes who developed cellulitis of the left trunk. Histopathological examination of a skin biopsy specimen revealed the presence of large atypical lymphoid cells with the same immunophenotype of those located in the lymph node affected by HL. Our case adds to the many cutaneous infiltrations by neoplastic cells during the course of an inflammatory skin disease, namely cellulitis.
Assisted reproduction and justice: Threats to a new model in a low‐ and middle‐income country
Authors: Hall David R. , Hanekom Gerhard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInfertility is an unpredictable but widespread condition. While high‐income countries grapple with when, or how to cover the costs of assisted reproductive technology (ART), such as in‐vitro fertilisation (IVF), these services are generally only available to wealthy persons at private facilities in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Although the principle of non‐interference with normal individual reproductive rights is robust, whether it is also the responsibility of collective society to provide the means (when ART applies) to achieve pregnancy, is controversial. Recently, a low‐cost model was developed at a South African public institution. The target population for this model was “helpless and marginalised, childless couples”, but a new threat has arisen, namely, infertile couples who could conceivably afford private care. In the allocation of this scarce resource, we argue for a prioritarian response that first addresses the worst‐off, in order to even out unequal access imposed by sharp differences in income.
More recent, better designed studies have weakened links between antidiabetes medications and cancer risk
Authors: Dankner R. , Roth J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of studies have investigated associations of antidiabetes medications with cancer risk. Antidiabetes medications are classified by their mechanisms of action on tissues and organs. They potentially act as both causative and confounding factors in the temporal association of diabetes and cancer.AimTo present the current evidence regarding both the carcinogenic and anti‐carcinogenic effects of antidiabetes medications on cancer in humans.MethodsA review of the scientific literature.ResultsThe most conclusive evidence shown of an association of antidiabetes medication with a specific cancer was for that of the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone with bladder cancer. Currently, there is inconclusive evidence regarding a possible association of incretin therapies, drugs of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor class, with the risk of pancreatic cancer. Insulin, sulfonylureas, metformin and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors appear not to be associated with increased risk of any cancer. Sparse evidence suggests possible protective effects against cancer incidence of metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, incretin‐based drugs and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors.ConclusionThe conflicting evidence regarding associations of antidiabetes medications with cancer risk is apparently attributable to both methodological issues and to the complexity of the subject. More recent and better‐designed studies have weakened the evidence for links between antidiabetes medications and cancer risk.