bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing Linearity against Non-signaling Strategies
Authors: Chiesa Alessandro , Manohar Peter , Shinkar Igor 
Published: June 2020

Non-signaling strategies are collections of distributions with certain non-local correlations. They have been studied in physics as a strict generalization of quantum strategies to understand the power and limitations of nature’s apparent non-locality. Recently, they have received attention in theoretical computer science due to connections to Complexity and Cryptography.

We initiate the study of Property Testing against non-signaling strategies, focusing first on the classical problem of
linearity testing
(Blum, Luby, and Rubinfeld; JCSS 1993). We prove that any non-signaling strategy that passes the linearity test with high probability must be close to a
quasi-distribution
over linear functions.

Quasi-distributions generalize the notion of probability distributions over global objects (such as functions) by allowing negative probabilities, while at the same time requiring that “local views” follow standard distributions (with non-negative probabilities). Quasi-distributions arise naturally in the study of quantum mechanics as a tool to describe various non-local phenomena.
Our analysis of the linearity test relies on Fourier analytic techniques applied to quasi-distributions. Along the way, we also establish general equivalences between non-signaling strategies and quasi-distributions, which we believe will provide a useful perspective on the study of Property Testing against non-signaling strategies beyond linearity testing.
Bridging the Translational Divide in Oncology: In Vivo Testing of Chemo-sensitivity
Authors: Sleijfer Stefan , Lolkema Martijn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A study was presented in which sarcomas were microinjected simultaneously with several drugs to study the pharmacodynamic response after resection. This platform may represent a future way of probing efficacy of anticancer agents in the relevant model system: human tumors.
See related article by Gundle et al., p. 3958
Comparative Effectiveness of Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators in Older Heart Failure Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Wu Jingjing , Xu Haolin , Hernandez Adrian , Felker G. Michael , Al‐Khatib Sana , Green Jennifer , Matsouaka Roland , Fonarow Gregg C. , Singh Jagmeet P. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , DeVore Adam 
Published: May 2020

Background

There are conflicting data regarding the benefit of primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (
ICD
s) in patients with diabetes mellitus and heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. We aimed to assess the comparative effectiveness of
ICD
placement in patients with diabetes mellitus and HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods and Results

Data were obtained from the Get With the Guidelines–Health Failure registry, linked with claims from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. We used a Cox proportional hazards model censored at 5 years with propensity score matching. Of the 17 186 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services claims database (6540 with diabetes mellitus; 38%), 1677 (646 with diabetes mellitus; 39%) received an
ICD
during their index HF hospitalization or were prescribed an
ICD
at discharge. Patients with diabetes mellitus and an
ICD
(n=646), as compared with those without an
ICD
(n=1031), were more likely to be younger (74 versus 78 years of age) and have coronary artery disease (68% versus 60%). After propensity matching,
ICD
use among patients with diabetes mellitus, as compared with those without an
ICD
, was associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause mortality at 5 years after
HF
discharge (54% versus 59%; multivariable hazard ratio, 0.73; 95%
CI
, 0.64–0.82;
P
<0.0001). Ischemic heart disease did not modify the association between
ICD
use and all‐cause mortality (
P
=0.95 for interaction). Similar results were seen in patients without diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

Primary prevention
ICD
use among older patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and diabetes mellitus was associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause mortality. Our analysis supports current guideline recommendations for implantation of primary prevention
ICD
s among older patients with diabetes mellitus and HF with reduced ejection fraction.
Strategic Deployment of Cardiology Fellows in Training Using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Coronavirus Disease 2019 Framework
Authors: Gallagher Michael J. , Bloomingdale Richard , Berman Aaron D. , Williamson Brian D. , Dixon Simon R. , Safian Robert D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 is a global pandemic affecting >3 million people in >170 countries, resulting in >200 000 deaths; 35% to 40% of patients and deaths are in the United States. The coronavirus disease 2019 crisis is placing an enormous burden on health care in the United States, including residency and fellowship training programs. The balance between mitigation, training and education, and patient care is the ultimate determinant of the role of cardiology fellows in training during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis. On March 24, 2020, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education issued a formal response to the pandemic crisis and described a framework for operation of graduate medical education programs. Guidance for deployment of cardiology fellows in training during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis is based on the principles of a medical mission, and adherence to preparation, protection, and support of our fellows in training. The purpose of this review is to describe our departmental strategic deployment of cardiology fellows in training using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education framework for pandemic preparedness.
論「抴/曳」與「掣」的源流關係及其在閩南、閩東若干方言的發展演變
Authors: 倫 杜佳 
Published: June 2020

提要
本文藉由彙整、析論古漢語「抴/曳」與「掣」的語義用法及其所處語詞孳生脈絡，對照閩南、閩東若干方言相關語詞的語義用法及其發展演變，閩南方言以廈門話、台灣閩南語為例，閩東方言則以福州話、馬來西亞詩巫閩清話為例，進而探究兩者之間密切的源流關係以及方言內部的個別發展。我們一方面彙整閩南方言tsʰua7、tsʰuaʔ4 具體的語義用例，同時也列舉閩東方言相應語詞的語義用例；另一方面藉由爬梳古漢語文獻來詳細探究漢語詞「抴/曳」與「掣」的語義用法以及其音義孳乳關係；最後從歷史音韻規則與語義對應關係，辨析漢語詞「抴/曳/掣/泄」在閩語的發展與演變。
Like Parent, Like Millennial: Inherited and Switched (Non)Religion among Young Adults in the U.S. and Canada
Authors: Wilkins-Laflamme Sarah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Using novel quantitative data from the Millennial Trends Survey administered online in March 2019 with over 2,500 respondents between the ages of 18 and 35 in both Canada and the U.S., we examine in detail inherited (non)religion as well as intergenerational conversion and disaffiliation among young adult birth cohorts. Key results include approximately two thirds of Millennials in our sample belonging to the same (non)religious tradition of at least one of their parents. Among the remaining one third who did have a different religious (non)affiliation than their parents at the time of the survey, intergenerational disaffiliation was the most common change present: especially in Canada, but also in the U.S. Intergenerational retention of nonreligion among families where both parents are nonreligious are especially high among Millennials in both countries, a characteristic of this generation’s much more secular social milieu.
Composite In Situ Microphysical Analysis of All Spiral Vertical Profiles Executed within BAMEX and PECAN Mesoscale Convective Systems
Authors: Stechman Daniel M. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Rauber Robert M. , Jewett Brian F. , Black Robert A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVertical profiles of temperature, relative humidity, cloud particle concentration, median mass dimension, and mass content were derived using instruments on the NOAA P-3 aircraft for 37 spiral ascents/descents flown within five mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) during the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) project, and 16 spiral descents of the NOAA P-3 within 10 MCSs during the 2003 Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX). The statistical distribution of thermodynamic and microphysical properties within these spirals is presented in context of three primary MCS regions—the transition zone (TZ), enhanced stratiform rain region (ESR), and the anvil region (AR)—allowing deductions concerning the relative importance and nature of microphysical processes in each region. Aggregation was ubiquitous across all MCS zones at subfreezing temperatures, where the degree of ambient subsaturation, if present, moderated the effectiveness of this process via sublimation. The predominately ice-supersaturated ESR experienced the least impact of sublimation on microphysical characteristics relative to the TZ and AR. Aggregation was most limited by sublimation in the ice-subsaturated AR, where total particle number and mass concentrations decreased most rapidly with increasing temperature. Sublimation cooling at the surface of ice particles in the TZ, the driest of the three regions, allowed ice to survive to temperatures as high as +6.8°C. Two spirals executed behind a frontal squall line exhibited a high incidence of pristine ice crystals, and notably different characteristics from most other spirals. Gradual meso- to synoptic-scale ascent in this region likely contributed to the observed differences.
An Algorithm to Derive Temperature and Humidity Profile Changes Using Spatially and Temporally Averaged Spectral Radiance Differences
Authors: Pan Fang , Kato Seiji , Rose Fred G. , Radkevich Alexander , Liu Xu , Huang Xianglei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA linear inversion algorithm to derive changes of surface skin temperature and atmospheric temperature and specific humidity vertical profiles using spatially and temporally averaged spectral radiance differences is developed. The algorithm uses spectral radiative kernels, which is the top-of-atmosphere spectral radiance change caused by perturbations of skin temperature and air temperature and specific humidity in the atmosphere, and is an improved version of the algorithm used in earlier studies. Two improvements are the inclusion of the residual and cloud spectral kernels in the form of eigenvectors of principal components. Three and six eigenvectors are used for, respectively, the residual and cloud spectral kernels. An underlying assumption is that the spectral shape of the principal components is constant and their magnitude varies temporally and spatially. The algorithm is tested using synthetic spectral radiances with the spectral range of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder averaged over 16 days and over a 10° × 10° grid box. Changes of skin temperature, air temperature, and specific humidity vertical profiles are derived from the difference of nadir-view all-sky spectral radiances. The root-mean-square difference of retrieved and true skin temperature differences is 0.59 K. The median of absolute errors in the air temperature change is less than 0.5 K above 925 hPa. The median of absolute errors in the relative specific humidity changes is less than 10% above 825 hPa.
Relationship between coaches’ health promotion activities, sports experience and health among adults
Authors: Van Hoye Aurélie , Johnson Stacey , Geidne Susanna , Vuillemin Anne 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Health promotion in sports clubs is receiving increased attention, but its benefits have not been widely evaluated for two reasons: (1) the difficulty in measuring ecological approach outcomes and (2) the existing literature having focused more on coaches’ efficiency rather than on health promotion. This article analyses the relationship between coaches’ health promotion activities, sports experience and health among adult sports participants. Design: A cross-sectional study using self-reported measurement among 204 adult sports participants ( Mage = 49.05). A questionnaire measuring demographics, coaches’ health promotion activities (healthy lifestyle, substance use and respect for oneself and others), sports experience (enjoyment, subjective vitality) and health (perceived health and quality of life, self-esteem) was completed either before or after a training session. Setting: Sixteen sports clubs in France Method: Multilevel analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between health promotion, sports experience and health outcomes, while t-tests compared differences between male adult and youth samples. Results: Adult perceptions of coaches’ health promotion activities were linked to enjoyment, perceived health and subjective vitality. The topic ‘healthy lifestyle’ was related to enjoyment and perceived health among adults. The topic ‘respect for oneself and others’ was related to self-esteem. Conclusion: Adult and youth perceptions of coaches’ health promotion activities vary and are linked to different health outcomes. More research is needed to better identify the benefits of health promotion in sports clubs for sports participants, including longitudinal studies to explore causal relationships between variables.
Are the Effects of Legitimacy and Its Components Invariant? Operationalization and the Generality of Sunshine and Tyler’s Empowerment Hypothesis
Authors: Fox Bryanna , Moule Richard K. , Jaynes Chae M. , Parry Megan M. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: To assess whether the relationship between legitimacy and police empowerment is sensitive to the operationalization of legitimacy, and whether the effects of legitimacy and its components on empowerment are invariant. Empowerment is examined in the context of police militarization—public support for the discretionary use of surplus military equipment by law enforcement. Method: Using a national sample of 702 American adults and a series of ordinary least squares regressions, the direct and interactive effects of legitimacy and its components on empowerment are examined. Results: The composite measure of legitimacy, as well as its individual components, each exert direct effects on police empowerment. Instrumental factors have persisting, albeit weaker, effects relative to normative factors. Interaction terms between the composite legitimacy measure or its components and sociodemographic characteristics were not statistically significant. In short, the effects of legitimacy and its components on empowerment appear invariant. Conclusions: Findings provide additional evidence of the generality of Tyler’s process–based model and extend these considerations to the burgeoning literature on public empowerment of police.
A multicomponent intervention to decrease sedentary time during hospitalization: a quasi-experimental pilot study
Authors: Conijn D , van Bodegom-Vos L , Volker WG , Mertens BJA , Vermeulen HM , Huurman VAL , van Schaik J , Vliet Vlieland TPM , Meesters JJL 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of a multicomponent intervention to decrease sedentary time during and shortly after hospitalization. Design: This is a quasi-experimental pilot study comparing outcomes in patients admitted before and after the implementation of the intervention. Setting: The study was conducted in a university hospital. Subjects: Participants were adult patients undergoing elective organ transplantation or vascular surgery. Interventions: In the control phase, patients received usual care, whereas in the intervention phase, patients also received a multicomponent intervention to decrease sedentary time. The intervention comprised eight elements: paper and digital information, an exercise movie, an activity planner, a pedometer and Fitbit Flex™, a personal activity coach and an individualized digital training program. Measures: Measures of feasiblity were the self-reported use of the intervention components (yes/no) and satisfaction (low–high = 0–10). Main outcome measure was the median % of sedentary time measured by an accelerometer worn during hospitalization and 7–14 days thereafter. Results: A total of 42 controls (mean age = 59 years, 62% male) and 52 intervention patients (58 years, 52%) were included. The exercise movie, paper information and Fitbit Flex were the three most frequently used components, with highest satisfaction scores for the fitbit, paper information, exercise movie and digital training. Median sedentary time decreased from 99.6% to 95.7% and 99.3% to 91.0% between Days 1 and 6 in patients admitted in the control and intervention phases, respectively. The difference at Day 6 reached statistical significance (difference = 41 min/day, P = 0.01). No differences were seen after discharge. Conclusion: Implementing a multicomponent intervention to reduce sedentary time appeared feasible and may be effective during but not directly after hospitalization.
Returning land to country: Indigenous engagement in mined land closure and rehabilitation
Authors: Bond Carol , Kelly Lisa 
Published: June 2020

This article uses stakeholder and CSR theories to intentionally and meaningfully include Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in planning for mined land rehabilitation and closure (MR&C). In the mining space, attention has been paid to securing land access, fulfilling Indigenous Land Use Agreement and Mine Participation Agreement requirements, undertaking initial consultations with communities and Traditional Owners, and setting the terms of reference for entry and mine operation. MR&C, in contrast, has been a distant priority for both mining companies and the relevant state or territory governments. Guidelines for MR&C practice is articulated even less clearly in relation to Indigenous engagement. In response to growing public pressure, the mining industry is focusing more on addressing MR&C issues. This article suggests that companies and governments engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in plans for MR&C as an upgraded standard for MR&C practice. JEL Classification: Q01, Q32
Clinical Features and Burden Scores in Japanese Pediatric Migraines With Brainstem Aura, Hemiplegic Migraine, and Retinal Migraine
Authors: Yamanaka Gaku , Go Soken , Morichi Shinichiro , Takeshita Mika , Morishita Natsumi , Suzuki Shinji , Tomoko Takamatsu , Kasuga Akiko , Daida Atsuro , Ishida Yu , Oana Shingo , Suganami Yusuke , Nagao Ryuhei , Kashiwagi Yasuyo , Kawashima Hisashi 
Published: June 2020

Background: Migraines are a broad spectrum of disorders classified by the type of aura with some requiring attentive treatment. Vasoconstrictors, including triptans, should be avoided in the acute phase of migraines with brainstem aura, in hemiplegic migraine, and in retinal migraine. This study investigated the characteristics and burden of these migraines. Methods: Medical charts of 278 Japanese pediatric patients with migraines were retrospectively reviewed. Migraine burden of migraines with brainstem aura, hemiplegic migraines, and retinal migraine was assessed using the Headache Impact Test-6™ (HIT-6) and the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment scale (PedMIDAS). Results: Of 278 patients screened, 12 (4.3%) patients with migraines with brainstem aura (n = 5), hemiplegic migraines (n = 2), and retinal migraine (n = 5) were enrolled in the study. All patients had migraine with/without typical aura, whereas some patients had coexisting migraine with another type of headache (chronic tension-type headache in 3 patients, and 1 each with frequent episodic tension-type headache, headache owing to medication overuse, and chronic migraine). Migraines with brainstem aura, hemiplegic migraines, and retinal migraine patients with coexisting headaches had higher HIT-6 or PedMIDAS scores, whereas migraines with brainstem aura, hemiplegic migraines, and retinal migraine patients without coexisting headache did not show high HIT-6 or PedMIDAS scores. Conclusion: All migraines with brainstem aura, hemiplegic migraines, and retinal migraine patients experienced migraine with or without typical aura, and some patients having other coexisting headaches also had high PedMIDAS and HIT-6 scores. PedMIDAS and HIT-6 should not be considered diagnostic indicators of migraines with brainstem aura, hemiplegic migraines, or retinal migraine. In clinical practice for headaches in children, careful history taking and proactive assessment of the aura are needed for accurate diagnosis of migraines with brainstem aura, hemiplegic migraines, and retinal migraine.
True Median Cleft Lip—15 Years of Review and Prevalence
Authors: Hamzan Muhammad Izzuddin , Sulaiman Wan Azman Wan 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The author presents 4 cases and attempts to analyze the prevalence of true median cleft lip (MCL) in one center. Embryology, associated anomalies, and surgical treatment are discussed. Design: A retrospective descriptive study. Setting: Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Participants: All patients with congenital facial cleft deformities from 2005 to 2019 were retrieved from the Plastic Surgery OR Registry. All characteristics in interest were individually tabulated and evaluated. Four cases were reviewed and discussed. Outcome: Prevalence of true MCL. Results: Out of the 494 patients included in the study, only 4 (0.81%) were affected with a median cleft, and the prevalence of true median cleft was hence determined to be 3 (0.61%) among the cleft population. Conclusion: The prevalence of the true MCL is rare which makes it hard to categorize these clefts, and the surgical protocol needs to be established for the definitive treatment.
A Consensus Statement on the Surgical Treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Authors: Pfeffer Glenn B. , Gonzalez Tyler , Brodsky James , Campbell John , Coetzee Chris , Conti Stephen , Guyton Greg , Herrmann David N. , Hunt Kenneth , Johnson Jeffrey , McGarvey William , Pinzur Michael , Raikin Steve , Sangeorzan Bruce , Younger Alastair , Michalski Max , An Tonya , Noori Naudereh 
Published: June 2020

Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a hereditary motor-sensory neuropathy that is often associated with a cavovarus foot deformity. Limited evidence exists for the orthopedic management of these patients. Our goal was to develop consensus guidelines based upon the clinical experiences and practices of an expert group of foot and ankle surgeons. Methods: Thirteen experienced, board-certified orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons and a neurologist specializing in CMT disease convened at a 1-day meeting. The group discussed clinical and surgical considerations based upon existing literature and individual experience. After extensive debate, conclusion statements were deemed “consensus” if 85% of the group were in agreement and “unanimous” if 100% were in support. Conclusions: The group defined consensus terminology, agreed upon standardized templates for history and physical examination, and recommended a comprehensive approach to surgery. Early in the course of the disease, an orthopedic foot and ankle surgeon should be part of the care team. This consensus statement by a team of experienced orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons provides a comprehensive approach to the management of CMT cavovarus deformity. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.