bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cs2CO3‐Promoted [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 4‐Aryliden‐5(4H)‐Oxazolones and β‐Nitrostyrenes: Access to Spirocycloalkyloxazolones
Authors: Dai Chenlu , Xie Zengyang , Li Mingshuang , Wang Cunde 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn eco‐friendly, straightforward, and three‐component [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction of 4‐aryliden‐2‐phenyl‐5(4H)‐oxazolones and substituted β‐nitrostyrenes to construct diversified 3‐oxa‐1‐azaspiro[4.5]dec‐1‐en‐4‐ones has been developed with good yields and regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. This reaction proceeds via a one‐pot [2+2+2] cycloaddition utilizing cesium carbonate as a promoter and shows high atom economy under the reaction conditions.
Effect of structure development on the rheological properties of PVDF/HNBR‐based thermoplastic elastomer and its vulcanizates
Authors: Saha Subhabrata , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe present work demonstrates the structure‐rheology relationship of novel polyvinylidene fluoride/hydrogenated nitrile rubber blends with special reference to the effect of mixing time, which has not been amply discussed in the literature. In between 50 and 70 wt% rubber content, a yield in complex viscosity and secondary plateau in storage modulus were discerned due to interconnected droplets‐matrix morphology manifesting the thermoplastic elastomeric nature of the blends (TPEs). Such network‐like structure altered the rheological properties like relaxation time, capillary viscosity, die swell, elastic responses of the TPE with respect to the trend as expected according to the rule of mixing. Interestingly, in the early stages of mixing, when the dispersed size was bigger, the effect of physical network on the rheological properties was suppressed. During dynamic vulcanization (TPV), both lower and higher frequency responses in oscillatory shear flow, steady shear rheological properties, recoverable strain etc. have changed notably with mixing time. For example, although the complex viscosity of the TPV was higher at a lower frequency as compared to its TPE, it was significantly lower at a higher frequency at the beginning of dynamic curing; however, viscosity increased appreciably with time. Temperature‐dependendent rheological properties were also influenced with mixing time of the compositions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48758.
EPR Spectroscopic Studies of Lipoxygenases
Authors: Gaffney Betty J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPolyunsaturated fatty acids are sources of diverse natural, and chemically designed products. The enzyme lipoxygenase selectively oxidizes fatty acid acyl chains using controlled free radical chemistry; the products are regio‐ and stereo‐chemically unique hydroperoxides. A conserved structural fold of ≈600 amino acids harbors a long and narrow substrate channel and a well‐shielded catalytic iron. Oxygen, a co‐substrate, is blocked from the active site until a hydrogen atom is abstracted from substrate bis‐allylic carbon, in a non‐heme iron redox cycle. EPR spectroscopy of ferric intermediates in lipoxygenase catalysis reveals changes in the metal coordination and leads to a proposal on the nature of the reactive intermediate. Remarkably, free radicals are so well controlled in lipoxygenase chemistry that spin label technology can be applied as well. The current level of understanding of steps in lipoxygenase catalysis, from the EPR perspective, will be reviewed.
Zustandserfassung von Betonfahrbahndecken mit Verdacht auf eine schädigende Alkali‐Kieselsäure‐Reaktion
Authors: Mielich Oliver , Zwerger Valentin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDer Erhaltungsbedarf von Betonfahrbahndecken mit Alkali‐Kieselsäure‐Reaktion lässt sich nur sehr schwer planen. Die dafür notwendige Zustandserfassung erfolgt bisher über das visuelle Erscheinungsbild, AKR‐provozierende Betonuntersuchungen sowie polarisationsmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Dünnschliffen. Eine Prognose der Schadensentwicklung ist mit diesen Untersuchungen nicht möglich. Es ist lediglich eine Bewertung dahingehend möglich, ob eine Schädigung nicht mehr zu erwarten oder ob noch weiteres Restschädigungspotenzial vorhanden ist. Die oftmals signifikante Zustandsverschlechterung der Betondecke lässt sich auf eine unerkannte Horizontalrissbildung im Fahrbahndeckenbeton zurückführen. Im Kontext mit einer Alkali‐Kieselsäure‐Reaktion (AKR) findet man Horizontalrisse im Bereich der Fugenkreuze, der Querfugen und der Längsfugen vor, die dann mehrere Zentimeter in die Fahrbahnplatte hineinreichen. Der Beitrag erläutert anschaulich, welche Folgen eine schädigende AKR und andere Belastungen in einer Fahrbahnplatte haben. Er stellt zum ersten Mal einen systematischen Zusammenhang zwischen einer schädigenden AKR in einer Fahrbahnplatte und den Horizontalrissen im Bereich der Fugen her.
Implementation of research on potential drug target cloning and characterization in a biochemistry laboratory
Authors: Wu Chun , McCune Tyler S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn approach for incorporating preliminary drug discovery research into a biochemistry laboratory is described. During a total of 42 hr (one 3‐hr laboratory section a week for 14 weeks), students were exposed to bioinformatics; molecular cloning; protein expression, purification, and characterization; and enzymatic kinetic assays. This research‐oriented laboratory not only includes the standard elements of common undergraduate biochemistry laboratory manuals but also emphasizes the logical connections among biochemistry laboratory techniques. Moreover, this approach exposed students to laboratory research and the concept of drug discovery.
Functional brain alterations in auditory hallucination subtypes in individuals with auditory hallucinations without the diagnosis of specific neurological diseases and mental disorders at the current stage
Authors: Lin Xiaodong , Zhuo Chuanjun , Li Gongying , Li Jie , Gao Xiangyang , Chen Ce , Jiang Deguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe explored common and distinct pathological features of different subtypes of auditory hallucinations (AHs) to elucidate the underlying pathological mechanisms.MethodsWe recruited 39 individuals with constant commanding and commenting auditory verbal hallucinations (CCCAVHs), 49 with own thought auditory verbal hallucinations (OTAVHs), 46 with nonverbal AHs (NVAHs), 32 with replay AVHs (RAVHs), and 50 healthy controls. Functional connectivity density mapping was used to investigate global functional connectivity density (gFCD) alterations in these AH groups relative to the control group.ResultsWe observed common brain functional alterations among four subtypes of AHs, such as increased gFCD in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and mesial frontal lobe, and decreased gFCD in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex. Increased gFCD was detected in the bilateral insula in CCCAVH individuals, bilateral thalamus in OTAVH individuals, bilateral precuneus in NVAH individuals, and bilateral hippocampus in RAVH individuals. The common and distinct gFCD alterations among four AH subtypes were located in main components of the frontoparietal, default mode, salience, central executive, and memory networks. Different AH subtypes exhibited specific aberrant patterns.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that aberrant functional activity and metabolism in the abovementioned networks play key roles in the occurrence of AHs. Our findings provide evidence for distinct gFCD alterations in specific AH subtypes.
Does China's carbon emissions trading policy improve the technology innovation of relevant enterprises?
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Jun , Shi Wei , Jiang Lin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChina's carbon emissions trading (CET) policy aims to force relevant enterprises to implement low‐carbon technology innovation and address environmental challenges through marketization means. However, how China's CET policy may affect enterprise technology innovation and whether this effect may differ in industries remain to be further investigated. Therefore, based on the panel data of listed enterprises covered by the CET policy in China during 2009–2017, this paper employs the difference‐in‐difference (DID) and DID‐based propensity score matching models to evaluate the effect of CET on technology innovation. The empirical results indicate that the effect of China's CET on the technology innovation of related enterprises is generally not significant during the sample period, but this effect presents evident industrial heterogeneity. Specifically, among the eight CET‐covered industries, the CET policy helps to improve technology innovation for power and aviation enterprises but not in the other six industries (i.e., steel, chemical, building material, petrochemical, nonferrous metals, and paper), which implies that China's CET policy still has great potential for promoting the technology innovation of related enterprises. In addition, the central findings remain robust when the system generalized method of moment and DID‐based coarsened exact matching models are applied to consider the influence of omitted variables, unobservable confounders, and different matching methods.
Outcomes of fractional flow reserve‐guided percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Omran Jad , Enezate Tariq , Abdullah Obai , Al‐Dadah Ashraf , Walters Daniel , Patel Mitul , Reeves Ryan , Mahmud Ehtisham 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionFractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment has been validated as an effective tool to guide revascularization of stable coronary artery disease. The role of utilizing FFR in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is less established.MethodsThe study population was extracted from the National Readmissions Data (NRD) 2014 using International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition, clinical modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes for ACS, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), FFR, and periprocedural complications. Study endpoints included all‐cause of in‐hospital mortality, length of index hospital stay (LOS), acute kidney injury (AKI), bleeding, coronary dissection, total number of stents used, stroke, vascular complications (VCs), and the total charges of index hospitalization.ResultsA total of 304,548 discharges that had the diagnosis of ACS and treated invasively within the same index hospitalization (average age 65.1 years; 64% male) were identified. Among these, 7,832 had FFR guided invasive treatment (2.6%) which was associated with significantly lower in‐hospital all‐cause mortality (1.1 vs. 3.1%, p < .01), shorter LOS (4.6 vs. 5.3 days, p < .01), less AKI (12.5 vs. 14.6%, p < .01), less bleeding (7.0 vs. 8.5%, p < .01), and lower total charges ($99,805 vs. $105,736). There was no significant difference between both groups in terms of stroke (2.2 vs. 2.3%, p = .41), coronary dissection (0.7 vs. 0.8%, p = .34), VC (1.3 vs. 1.0% p = .01) or the total number of stents used (55.5 vs. 54.5% p = .34).ConclusionIn patients presenting with an ACS FFR‐ guided PCI, as compared to angiography guided PCI, was associated with lower rates of in‐hospital mortality, shorter LOS, less AKI, bleeding and lower hospital charges. There was no significant difference in terms of the incidence of stroke, coronary dissection, VC or the total number of stents used.
Orchestrating mitochondria in neurons: Cytoskeleton as the conductor
Authors: Cardanho‐Ramos Carlos , Faria‐Pereira Andreia , Morais Vanessa Alexandra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMitochondria are crucial to support synaptic activity, particularly through ATP production and Ca2+ homeostasis. This implies that mitochondria need to be well distributed throughout the different neuronal sub‐compartments. To achieve this, a tight and precise regulation of several neuronal cytoskeleton players is necessary to transport and dock mitochondria. As post‐mitotic cells, neurons are highly dependent on mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and several cytoskeleton proteins have been implicated in mitophagy. Therefore, all of these processes are orchestrated by the crosstalk between mitochondria and the neuronal cytoskeleton to form a coordinated and tuned symphony.
Single‐Solvent, Ligand‐Free, Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Cs4PbBr6 Perovskite Solids with Robust Green Photoluminescence
Authors: Wei Yunwei , Sun Ruijia , Li Yuehua , Zhang Yuhai , Lu Yizhong , Li Xiaoming , Chen Guozhu , Cao Bingqiang , Li Cuncheng , Zeng Haibo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe preparation of luminescent Cs4PbBr6 perovskite solids with current methods either needs a complex procedure, or needs a variety of ligands, and a combination of good solvents and anti‐solvents. The potential environmental risks are inevitable when they are produced in large scale. Herein, an environmentally friendly route for the mass production of luminescent Cs4PbBr6 perovskite solids using a single solvent under ambient conditions is presented. Gram‐scale Cs4PbBr6 perovskite solids are produced within tens of minutes using a small amount of DMF, specifically, 4 mL DMF solution can produce over 10 g products per batch. Because no ligands and anti‐solvents are utilized in the whole procedures, the ligand‐free Cs4PbBr6 perovskite solids are facilely harvested after the evaporation of solvent. More importantly, the solvent vapor can be recovered and reutilized, which can eliminate the environmental pollution caused by organic solvent. The experimental results revealed that the solvent, reaction time, and PbBr2/CsBr molar ratios are crucial for the formation of Cs4PbBr6 perovskite solids and their luminescent performances. Such Cs4PbBr6 perovskite solids exhibit strong green PL emission, high PL quantum yield and reversible fluorescent response towards heat and light, which enable them to be suitable for applications in optoelectronic devices.
Research on color harmony of building façades
Authors: Li Ke‐Run , Yang Ya‐Qian , Zheng Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, the 28 primary colors and 11 complementary colors suggested by Chang et al in their investigation on building colors in Wanhua District of Taipei City were taken as color samples. The two‐color combination mode was adopted to obtain 308 simulation photos, and two‐color harmony was discussed from the perspective of visual evaluation using psychophysical tests. This study explored building façade color harmony in the CIELAB color space, and the relationship between the color attributes (hue, lightness, and chroma) and the color harmony, and between the differences of the color attributes and color harmony. It found that a high lightness of a building's primary color is associated with a high level of building color harmony, while the color harmony is reduced when the color falls in the green or blue sector in the CIELAB color space; a greater lightness difference between building façade colors is associated with a higher level of building color harmony, while the colors are disharmonized when they tend to the blue sector in the CIELAB color space. The contribution of this study is to summarize the principles for the application of building color harmony in urban renewal, and proposed suggestions on building color harmony in the urban renewal process.
High‐performance digital logic implementation approach using novel Memristor‐based multiplexer
Authors: Karimi Ahmad , Rezai Abdalhossein 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis paper presents and evaluates novel approaches to design efficient Memristor‐based multiplexers. Three novel algorithms and structures are proposed based on IMP logic operation. These novel algorithms and structures are developed based on Memristors and crossbar Nano wires. The proposed Memristor‐based multiplexers can store the output inside the Memristors. So, the proposed multiplexers have the ability to compute in memory. The proposed multiplexers are simulated using Pspice. The number of required Memristors and necessary steps to accumulate the output for the proposed 2 to 1 multiplexers is reduced in comparison with the former best MUXs. Moreover, these novel multiplexers are utilized to design ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits. The results show improvements in terms of total propagation delay and the required layout area.
Small‐signal modelling for time‐length compensation algorithm in current controlled converters
Authors: Xu Shen , Wang Chong , Lu Shengli , Sun Weifeng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryA unified small‐signal modeling method is proposed for current controlled converters using discrete‐time analysis method. The relationship between the controlled current and the duty ratio is performed by discrete‐time analysis which automatically incorporates the sample‐and‐hold effect. The proposed small‐signal mode is accurate when the modulation frequency varies from zero to half the switching frequency. It is very easy to apply the proposed model to all current controlled converters. When an amplitude peak in the current‐loop gain is observed at half the switching frequency, subharmonic oscillation can be predicted. Based on the proposed model, a time‐length compensation algorithm for elimination of subharmonic oscillation can be analyzed while other small‐signal modeling methods cannot be applied in this condition. Simulations and experiments are committed to verify the analysis.
Translation of peptidoglycan metabolites into immunotherapeutics
Authors: Griffin Matthew E , Hespen Charles W , Wang Yen‐Chih , Hang Howard C 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe discovery of defined peptidoglycan metabolites that activate host immunity and their specific receptors has revealed fundamental insights into host–microbe recognition and afforded new opportunities for therapeutic development against infection and cancer. In this review, we summarise the discovery of two key peptidoglycan metabolites, γ‐d‐glutamyl‐meso‐diaminopimelic acid (iE‐DAP) and muramyl dipeptide and their respective receptors, Nod1 and Nod2, and review progress towards translating these findings into therapeutic agents. Notably, synthetic derivatives of peptidoglycan metabolites have already yielded approved drugs for chemotherapy‐induced leukopenia and paediatric osteosarcoma; however, the broad effects of peptidoglycan metabolites on host immunity suggest additional translational opportunities for new therapeutics towards other cancers, microbial infections and inflammatory diseases.
Efficient workflow scheduling in cloud computing for security maintenance of sensitive data
Authors: S. Shahul Hammed , Arunkumar B. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe seamless conveying of information's considering internet as a virtual space, connecting all users from the world is cloud computing. In simpler terms it is a means of storing and accessing information over internet irrespective of place and time. The cloud proceeds with the process of storing, retrieving and allowing access, on demand as a paid service. As the benefits of cloud is attractive, the number of users adopting to the cloud also increases, so the workflow management becomes tedious and more challenging in the cloud. The decision to provide with an enhanced work flow management requires proper scheduling recollecting value of the information. So the paper proposes with an efficient method of managing the work flow considering the value of the information by categorizing between the much value and non‐value information's and framing the algorithm that functions as scheduler using the parallel implementation in natural process of genetic algorithm (GA) with secured frame work for the information's of high value. The proposed work shows an overwhelmed performance than the conventional techniques in the time taken for the execution and its total cost. The performance of the scheduler is validated in the WORKFLOWSIM on the grounds of time of execution and total cost.
Beamforming and power allocation in the downlink of MIMO cognitive radio systems based on multiobjective optimization
Authors: Asgari Tabatabaee Seyyed Mohammad Javad , Abbasi‐Jannatabad Mohsen 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn this paper, power allocation and beamforming are considered in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) downlink cognitive radio (CR) communication system, which a base station (BS) serves one primary user (PU) and one secondary user (SU). In order to design the CR system, a constrained multiobjective optimization problem is presented. Two objectives are the signal to noise plus interference ratios (SINRs) of PU and SU. Since PU has a spectrum license for data communication, a constraint in the optimization problem is that the SINR of PU must be greater than a predefined threshold based on the PU demand requirement. Another constraint is a limitation on power in BS. By considering the mentioned model, three iterative algorithms are proposed. At each iteration of all algorithms, the receiver beamforming vectors are derived based on the maximization of PU and SU SINRs, by assuming that the allocated powers and BS beamforming vectors are known. Also, power is assigned to users such that the constraint of power limitation is satisfied. The difference between the algorithms is in the obtaining of transmitter beamforming parameters. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms in terms of bit error rate (BER) in simulations. Also, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms is obtained.
Generating and testing ecological hypotheses at the pondscape with environmental DNA metabarcoding: A case study on a threatened amphibian
Authors: Harper Lynsey R. , Lawson Handley Lori , Hahn Christoph , Boonham Neil , Rees Helen C. , Lewis Erin , Adams Ian P. , Brotherton Peter , Phillips Susanna , Hänfling Bernd 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is revolutionizing biodiversity monitoring, but has unrealized potential for ecological hypothesis generation and testing.AimsHere, we validate this potential in a large‐scale analysis of vertebrate community data generated by eDNA metabarcoding of 532 UK ponds.Materials & MethodsWe test biotic associations between the threatened great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) and other vertebrates as well as abiotic factors influencing T. cristatus detection at the pondscape. Furthermore, we test the status of T. cristatus as an umbrella species for pond conservation by assessing whether vertebrate species richness is greater in ponds with T. cristatus and higher T. cristatus Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) scores.ResultsTriturus cristatus detection was positively correlated with amphibian and waterfowl species richness. Specifically, T. cristatus was positively associated with smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris), common coot (Fulica atra), and common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), but negatively associated with common toad (Bufo bufo). Triturus cristatus detection did not significantly decrease as fish species richness increased, but negative associations with common carp (Cyprinus carpio), three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), and ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) were identified. Triturus cristatus detection was negatively correlated with mammal species richness, and T. cristatus was negatively associated with gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Triturus cristatus detection was negatively correlated with larger pond area, presence of inflow, and higher percentage of shading, but positively correlated with HSI score, supporting its application to T. cristatus survey. Vertebrate species richness was significantly higher in T. cristatus ponds and broadly increased as T. cristatus HSI scores increased.DiscussionWe reaffirm reported associations (e.g., T. cristatus preference for smaller ponds) but also provide novel insights, including a negative effect of pond inflow on T. cristatus.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the prospects of eDNA metabarcoding for ecological hypothesis generation and testing at landscape scale, and dramatic enhancement of freshwater conservation, management, monitoring, and research.