bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suggestions for the Next Steps
Authors: Zhao Xinyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWTO members are currently leveraging plurilateral negotiations to advance reforms of WTO rules. Among these efforts, the TESSD has been established to facilitate plurilateral discussions on environmental sustainability. However, TESSD’s role in promoting sustainable development within WTO negotiations is somewhat constrained. This mechanism specifically focuses on advancing plurilateral negotiations related to environmental issues and does not address broader concerns such as economic development, social rights, or FTAs.To achieve comprehensive reform of international trade rules, WTO members must establish an effective mechanism for coordinating their actions both within and beyond the WTO framework. This approach should encompass all aspects of sustainable development. To address this need, I propose the creation of a sustainable development club. This club would enhance cooperation among like-minded countries and institutionalise their collective efforts (See Sect. 7.3.3.). Through this mechanism, member countries could align their sustainable development and trade policies, develop harmonised legal norms and dispute resolution processes, and bolster their efforts to reform WTO rules.I propose that WTO members committed to sustainable development undertake a three-step process to reform the WTO’s multilateral trade rules.First, these members should sign the TSDA outside the WTO framework to establish a comprehensive sustainable trade regime. The TSDA should encompass the sustainable development values pursued by the parties, strategies to achieve these values, legal norms, dispute resolution mechanisms, and a periodic review process. Ideally, the parties would include the majority, if not all, members of the RCEP, EU FTAs, USMCA, and the CPTPP. By coordinating their development and trade policies through this sustainable development club, these major FTA parties can work together to reform WTO rules in alignment with their shared policies.Second, after signing the TSDA, the parties should issue a joint ministerial statement at the WTO Ministerial Conference to expand the TESSD’s scope to include all trade-related sustainable development issues. This step would enable the sustainable development club to influence the reform of WTO rules across all dimensions of sustainable development.Finally, the TSDA parties would negotiate various plurilateral sustainable development agreements within the sustainable development club and invite other WTO members to join these negotiations. I will elaborate on these proposals in the following sections.
The Sustainability Test
Authors: Zhao Xinyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExisting WTO rules overly protect economic interests, often at the expense of sustainable development. To address this issue, I recommend that WTO panels adopt the sustainability test. This test, which I have developed as an academic concept, aims to reconcile WTO law with the UN SDGs. The core of the sustainability test is to balance all elements of sustainable development associated with domestic measures, ensuring that WTO panels’ rulings do not undermine these goals. Balancing different elements associated with legal issues is a common challenge. Judges have developed methodologies for balancing conflicting legal values, known as the balancing approach, especially in the context of constitutional and human rights law. This approach varies across national legal systems and is known as the proportionality test in Germany. Although the balancing approach originated in national law, it is now widely used in international dispute settlements, including those of the WTO. What balancing approach do WTO panels currently take? Can this approach effectively balance different sustainable development interests? If not, what approach should WTO panels adopt when applying the sustainability test? This chapter addresses these critical questions.
Potential Trade Rules and Policies of the Sustainable Development Club
Authors: Zhao Xinyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWTO members can draft the Trade and Sustainable Development Agreement (TSDA) based on international and domestic trade rules and sustainable development policies. These members can build on existing frameworks to reach a consensus on establishing a sustainable development club, thereby progressively driving the reform of international trade rules and development policies. This process will eventually lead to the revision of WTO rules, effectively constitutionalising the organisation. EU trade and development policies and mega Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) offer valuable lessons for reforming international trade rules. As the most active advocate for sustainable development, the EU has incorporated numerous sustainability provisions into its trade policies. The quantity and quality of these provisions are outstanding compared to those of other national policies. Furthermore, mega FTAs represent significant efforts by the EU and other countries to integrate sustainable development policies into international trade rules. This chapter details the contents of the TSDA (i.e., the potential trade rules and policies of the sustainable development club) by highlighting the sustainability measures embedded in EU trade and development policies and mega FTAs.
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence isolation by transmastoid two-point canal plugging with preservation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex
Authors: Seiwerth Ingmar , Dlugaiczyk Julia , Schmäl Frank , Rahne Torsten , Kösling Sabrina , Plontke Stefan K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article describes the surgical treatment of superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) by isolating the dehiscence using transmastoid two-point canal plugging while preserving the high-frequency vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of the affected semicircular canal. The superior semicircular canal is opened via a transmastoid approach anterior (as far from the ampulla as possible) and posterior to the dehiscence and then plugged with connective tissue and bone dust. In two clinical exemplary cases, vestibular testing showed that the VOR measured by video head impulse (vHIT) test was preserved (patient 1: gain preoperative 0.7, long-term postoperative 0.75; patient 2: gain preoperative 0.64, long-term postoperative 0.79; reduction of corrective saccades in each case) with a simultaneous reduction in pathologically increased amplitudes of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and a significant improvement in clinical symptoms with almost complete freedom from symptoms. One possible explanation for preservation of the high-frequency VOR of the superior semicircular canal would be the deformability of the endolymphatic space described at high stimulation frequencies, which can lead to endolymph movements in the area of the ampulla with deflection of the cupula despite blockage of the semicircular canal.
Direct laser micro-drilling of high-quality photonic nanojet achieved by optical fiber probe with microcone-shaped tip
Authors: Po-Hung Li Lieber , Hung Ting-Yuan , Chen Wei-Yu , Chung Hung-Ju , Cheng Chia-Hsiung , Chang Tien-Li , Chen Yu-Bin , Minin Oleg V. , Minin Igor V. , Liu Cheng-Yang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Photonic nanojet can serve as a powerful tool for direct laser micro-machining based on a non-resonance focusing phenomenon. In this study, we propose a photonic nanojet-based direct micro-drilling technique for polymer material with low-cost and low-power continuous-wave laser. The high-quality photonic nanojet is produced using the microcone-shaped probe tip, which is fabricated by the dynamic chemical etching method. By utilizing laser photonic nanojet triggered thermoplasmonics, the high-aspect-ratio microcavity is fabricated with the low threshold value of laser power. The influences of the photonic nanojet peak intensities and distributions on the drilled microcavities are systematically investigated by the experiments and the finite-difference time-domain simulations. With the continuous-wave solid-state laser at a wavelength of 671 nm, the simulations show that the photonic nanojet with a quality factor of 103 is generated at a distance of ~ 20 μm from the surface of the microcone-shaped tip with a beam waist of 252 nm in the x direction, which could overcome the diffraction limit. The experimental results show that the length and peak intensity of the photonic nanojet have increased considerably in the propagation direction by the microcone-shaped probe tip, which leads to form a deep microcavity in the polymer substrate with an aspect ratio of 5.73. The presented microcone-shaped probe tip has potential applications in processing sub-diffraction features with a high aspect ratio.
Tryptophan-supplemented diet modulates the metabolic response of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles reared under space-confined conditions and submitted to acute inflammation
Authors: Peixoto Diogo , Martos-Sitcha Juan Antonio , Costas Benjamín , Azeredo Rita , Mancera Juan Miguel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The energetic costs of being in stressful conditions require the involvement of hormones associated with metabolic support, which may also influence immune function. The present work aimed to explore the links between tryptophan nutrition and metabolic responses in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) held under space-confined conditions, and subsequently submitted to an immune challenge. To study that, two dietary treatments were evaluated, i.e. control diet (CTRL) and CTRL-based diet supplemented with tryptophan (0.3%; TRP) to fish under space-confinement conditions (10 kg/m3) or not (5 kg/m3). Dietary treatments were offered for 15 days after which fish were intraperitoneally injected (i.p.) with Photobacterium damselae piscicida. Liver was sampled before the immune challenge (at end of the nutritional trial, 0 h) and at 4, 24, 48 and 72 h post-injection. Fish-fed TRP exhibited distinct metabolic profiles compared to those fed CTRL diets, particularly in energy metabolism and stress response. CTRL-fed fish in space-confined conditions showed a gradual reduction of lipid oxidative enzyme activity post-injection, pointing to acute stress-induced lipid catabolism feedback. In contrast, stressed fish fed TRP under same rearing conditions presented reduced glucose levels and cortisol production but unchanged 3-hydroxiacil-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.35, HOAD) activity patterns, suggesting an inhibitory and modulatory role of tryptophan in stress response. Discriminant analysis revealed that fish fed TRP under space-confined conditions resembled fish CTRL-fed under non-stressful conditions. These findings suggest that tryptophan dietary supplementation for stressed fish modulates their metabolic responses and potentially mitigates the negative effects of rearing stressful conditions after subsequent acute stress induced by an immune challenge.
Leading the AI transformation in schools: it starts with a digital mindset
Authors: Pietsch Marcus , Mah Dana-Kristin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI) require dynamic adaptation in education to integrate new technologies timely and sustainably. In particular, the rise of generative AI requires leadership to implement it in a meaningful way for teaching and learning. School leaders have a special role to play in driving digital transformation. Based on a sample of German school leaders, this article explores how school leadership approaches and a digital mindset influence the implementation of AI in schools. Our findings provide initial and preliminary evidence that school leaders’ digital mindsets, particularly proactive agility and empathy, understood as perspective taking, influence the implementation of AI in schools. Furthermore, the findings highlight the effectiveness of ambidextrous leadership in driving AI implementation. As a consequence, our study paves the way for future explorations of the evolving landscape of AI in education and highlights the need for adaptive, empathetic, and proactive leadership in the digital age.
Imaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart
Authors: Jia Jiangyong , Giacalone Giuliano , Bally Benjamin , Brandenburg James Daniel , Heinz Ulrich , Huang Shengli , Lee Dean , Lee Yen-Jie , Loizides Constantin , Li Wei , Luzum Matthew , Nijs Govert , Noronha-Hostler Jacquelyn , Ploskon Mateusz , van der Schee Wilke , Schenke Bjoern , Shen Chun , Somà Vittorio , Timmins Anthony , Xu Zhangbu , Zhou You 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh-energy nuclear collisions encompass three key stages: the structure of the colliding nuclei, informed by low-energy nuclear physics, the initial condition, leading to the formation of quark–gluon plasma (QGP), and the hydrodynamic expansion and hadronization of the QGP, leading to final-state hadron distributions that are observed experimentally. Recent advances in both experimental and theoretical methods have ushered in a precision era of heavy-ion collisions, enabling an increasingly accurate understanding of these stages. However, most approaches involve simultaneously determining both QGP properties and initial conditions from a single collision system, creating complexity due to the coupled contributions of these stages to the final-state observables. To avoid this, we propose leveraging established knowledge of low-energy nuclear structures and hydrodynamic observables to independently constrain the QGP’s initial condition. By conducting comparative studies of collisions involving isobar-like nuclei—species with similar mass numbers but different ground-state geometries—we can disentangle the initial condition’s impacts from the QGP properties. This approach not only refines our understanding of the initial stages of the collisions but also turns high-energy nuclear experiments into a precision tool for imaging nuclear structures, offering insights that complement traditional low-energy approaches. Opportunities for carrying out such comparative experiments at the Large Hadron Collider and other facilities could significantly advance both high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics. Additionally, this approach has implications for the future electron-ion collider. While the possibilities are extensive, we focus on selected proposals that could benefit both the high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics communities. Originally prepared as input for the long-range plan of U.S. nuclear physics, this white paper reflects the status as of September 2022, with a brief update on developments since then.
The physiological comparison revealed the importance of focusing anti-oxidation function during the peak laying stage in hens based on multi-omics analysis
Authors: Wang Yumeng , Sun Xi , Liu Xiaoying , Wang Chaohui , Ren Zhouzheng , Yang Xin , Yang Xiaojun , Liu Yanli 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With the increase in egg production rate and the coming of peak laying period, some metabolic disorders usually emerge in layers. The current study was conducted to compare the physiological difference between the early laying stage (around 30% laying rate) and peak laying stage (more than 95% laying rate) of laying hens based on hepatic transcriptome, serum metabolomics and caecal microbiota. The results showed that the egg weight and yolk weight were significantly higher in peak laying hens. Further, serum malondialdehyde and total bile acid concentrations were higher, but total anti-oxidant capacity, total bilirubin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) concentrations were significantly lower in peak laying hens. Hepatic transcriptome analysis identified 540 up-regulated and 269 down-regulated genes. Consistently, fatty acid biosynthesis, PPAR and insulin signalling pathways were significantly enriched. Subsequently, the result of serum metabolomics identified 74 up- and 77 down-regulated metabolites. Among down-regulated metabolites, hesperetin, apigenin and betaine related to anti-oxidant function were down-regulated. In addition, western blotting result showed BCL2 and p53 proteins expressions were decreased in the peak laying period, whereas hepatic CEBPα protein level was increased. On the other hand, gut microbiota analysis revealed that Chao index was decreased in peak laying hens. And the LEfSe analysis showed the dominant microflora including Ruminococcus, Oxalobacter, Paracoccus and so on was found in peak laying hens. These findings indicated that the hepatic lipid metabolism of peak laying hens is enhanced and the decline in anti-oxidant performance of hens also implies its importance during the early stage of egg production.
Video gaming and its impact on driving simulation performance: A secondary analysis of a randomized control trial
Authors: Tang Yuni , Elder Melissa M. , Rudisill Toni M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Individuals who play video games on computers and cellphones may have better psychomotor skills. It is unknown whether simulated driving performance varies between individuals who play video games more per week compared to individuals who play less. This study investigates whether initial simulated driving performance differs between high and low gamers during a brief (e.g., 10 minutes) driving simulation.

Methods:
Data for this study were collected at baseline during enrollment for a randomized clinical trial (n = 40). Participants playing video games for > 10 hours/week were categorized as the high gaming group; others were in the low gaming group. Each participant drove the same simulation on the STISIM M1000 simulator, which recorded various driving performance metrics (e.g., driving out of lane and time to initial collision). Data between the groups were compared using Cox proportional hazards and analysis of covariance regression models.

Results:
The average age of participants was 21 ± 2.7 years and 48% were male. After adjusting for age, sex, and miles driven per week, the high gaming group spent a mean 4% less time driving out of lane compared to the low gaming group (β = –4.03, SD = 1.32, p ≤ 0.05). No other differences were observed between groups for any other outcome.

Conclusion:
With the exception of percentage time driving out of lane, the number of hours gaming per week does not seem to impact an individual’s initial driving performance on a driving simulator. These findings may inform future driving simulation research methodology.
Hurricane Ida – Mitigation and Preparedness for Flash-Flooding in New York City
Authors: Feit Lisa , Doukas Donald , Silverberg Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Hurricane Ida delivered record rainfall to the northeast, resulting in 11 deaths in New York City. We review these deaths, identify risk factors, and discuss solutions to prevent recurrence.

Methods
Deaths were confirmed by multiple sources. Locations of the deceased were obtained from obituaries and plotted on the NYC.gov flood-hazard map. Risk factor information of the decedents was collected when available. Current emergency response plans and mitigation efforts were identified on the NYC.gov officially sanctioned website.

Results
All descendants resided in basement apartments. None of the deaths occurred in a location previously designated a “flood risk zone.” While a flash flood emergency was issued during Hurricane Ida, guidance was not provided during the emergency. Flooding was compounded by the city’s aging infrastructure and lack of green space.

Conclusions
Aging infrastructure, lack of pre-notification, illegal basement apartments, and lack of a planned response all appear to have played a role in these 11 deaths.
Marine biological responses to abrupt climate change in deep time
Authors: Kiessling Wolfgang , Reddin Carl J. , Dowding Elizabeth M. , Dimitrijević Danijela , Raja Nussaïbah B. , Kocsis Ádám T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ancient changes in the biosphere, from organismic traits to wholesale ecosystem changes, can be aligned with climate forcing across the Phanerozoic. Clear examples of abrupt climate warming causing biodiversity crises are primarily found between the Permian and Paleogene periods. During these times, catastrophic events occurred, resembling the extreme climate scenarios projected for the near future. The paleobiologic literature around these events generally supports the hypothesis that abrupt climate change was a dominant trigger of extinction and/or ecological crisis. When climate change and climate history are considered, virtually all post-Paleozoic global biotic events can be confidently attributed to climatic change, with abrupt warming (hyperthermal events) leaving the most consistent fingerprint. The combined stress of deoxygenation and warming are sufficient to explain marine extinction patterns across most hyperthermal events. Although ocean acidification may have contributed, the direct role of pH on the extinction toll of organisms is not consistently demonstrated. Future research can enhance the correspondence between the magnitudes of climatic changes and their biological impacts, even though observed rates of change cannot currently be compared across different timescales. Mimicking multi-scale approaches in modern ecology, paleontological approaches to climate impact research will benefit from specifically targeting scaling relationships.
Brain structural damage networks at different stages of schizophrenia
Authors: Xu Ruoxuan , Zhang Xiaohan , Zhou Shanlei , Guo Lixin , Mo Fan , Ma Haining , Zhu Jiajia , Qian Yinfeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeuroimaging studies have documented brain structural changes in schizophrenia at different stages of the illness, including clinical high-risk (cHR), genetic high-risk (gHR), first-episode schizophrenia (FES), and chronic schizophrenia (ChS). There is growing awareness that neuropathological processes associated with a disease fail to map to a specific brain region but do map to a specific brain network. We sought to investigate brain structural damage networks across different stages of schizophrenia.MethodsWe initially identified gray matter alterations in 523 cHR, 855 gHR, 2162 FES, and 2640 ChS individuals relative to 6963 healthy controls. By applying novel functional connectivity network mapping to large-scale discovery and validation resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets, we mapped these affected brain locations to four specific networks.ResultsBrain structural damage networks of cHR and gHR had limited and non-overlapping spatial distributions, with the former mainly involving the frontoparietal network and the latter principally implicating the subcortical network, indicative of distinct neuropathological mechanisms underlying cHR and gHR. By contrast, brain structural damage networks of FES and ChS manifested as similar patterns of widespread brain areas predominantly involving the somatomotor, ventral attention, and subcortical networks, suggesting an emergence of more prominent brain structural abnormalities with illness onset that have trait-like stability over time.ConclusionsOur findings may not only provide a refined picture of schizophrenia neuropathology from a network perspective, but also potentially contribute to more targeted and effective intervention strategies for individuals at different schizophrenia stages.