bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Latter‐day Saint Charities Towards the Establishment of Needed National Neonatal Resuscitation Programmes in Resource Poor Countries
Authors: Merrill Ray M. , Frutos Aaron M. , Lyon Joseph L. , Clark Robert B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn 2016, Latter‐day Saint Charities, the humanitarian arm of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐day Saints, sponsored instructor–training courses in 29 countries for neonatal resuscitation, training 3806 instructors. This study describes by country the type of professionals trained (27.7 per cent were doctors, 32.7 per cent were nurses and 19.6 per cent were midwives), the resuscitation equipment provided (bag and mask, bulb syringe and stethoscope), the number of deliveries and resuscitations performed and the extent that trainees train others. Overall, the per cent of deliveries requiring resuscitation was 8.2 per cent. On average, over 20 health care workers were trained within 6 months by each professional initially trained by Latter‐day Saint Charities. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascular ring anomaly in a patient with phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Qian Zhen , Van den Eynde Jef , Heymans Stephane , Mertens Luc , Morava Eva 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of metabolic disorders well known to be associated with developmental delay and central nervous system anomalies. The most common CDG is caused by pathogenic variants in the phosphomannomutase 2 gene (PMM2), which impairs one of the first steps of N‐glycosylation and affects multiple organ systems. Cardiac involvement can include pericardial effusion, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia, while an association with cardiovascular congenital anomalies is not well studied.Case summaryWe report a 6‐year‐old individual who initially presented with inverted nipples, developmental delay, and failure to thrive at 3 months of age. At 4 months, due to feeding problems, swallowing exam and echocardiography were performed which revealed a vascular ring anomaly based on a right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery. Subsequent whole exome gene sequencing revealed two pathogenic PMM2‐CDG variants (E139K/R141H) and no known pathogenic mutations related to congenital heart defect (CHD).DiscussionThis is the first report of vascular ring anomaly in a patient with PMM2‐CDG. We conducted a literature review of PMM2‐CDG patients with reported CHD. Of the 14 patients with PMM2‐CDG and cardiac malformation, the most common CHD's were tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus, and truncus arteriosus. The potential important link between CDG and CHD is stressed and discussed. Furthermore, the importance of multidisciplinary care for CDG patients including early referral to pediatric cardiologists is highlighted.
Recommendations for Imaging Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs)
Authors: Vigen Karl K. , Reeder Scott B. , Hood Maureen N. , Steckner Michael , Leiner Tim , Dombroski David A. , Gulani Vikas ,   ISMRM Safety Committee
Published: August 2020

Historically, the presence of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), including pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), was widely considered an absolute contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The recent development of CIEDs with MR Conditional labeling, as well as encouraging results from retrospective studies and a prospective trial on the safety of MRI performed in patients with CIEDs without MR Conditional labeling, have led to a reevaluation of this practice. The purpose of this report is to provide a concise summary of recent developments, including practical guidelines that an institution could adopt for radiologists who choose to image patients with CIEDs that do not have MR Conditional labeling. This report was written on behalf of and approved by the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Safety Committee.Level of Evidence3.Technical Efficacy Stage1.
Near‐Silent and Distortion‐Free Diffusion MRI in Pediatric Musculoskeletal Disorders: Comparison With Echo Planar Imaging Diffusion
Authors: Sandberg Jesse K. , Young Victoria A. , Syed Ali B. , Yuan Jianmin , Hu Yuxin , Sandino Christopher , Menini Anne , Hargreaves Brian , Vasanawala Shreyas 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is common for evaluating pediatric musculoskeletal lesions, but suffers from geometric distortion and intense acoustic noise.PurposeTo investigate the performance of a near‐silent and distortion‐free DWI sequence (DW‐SD) relative to standard echo‐planar DWI (DW‐EPI) in pediatric extremity MRI.Study TypeProspective validation study.SubjectsThirty‐nine children referred for extremity MRI.Field Strength/SequenceDW‐EPI and DW‐SD, based on a rotating ultrafast sequence modified with sinusoidal diffusion preparation gradients, at 3T.AssessmentDW‐SD image quality (Sanat) was assessed from 0 (nondiagnostic) to 5 (outstanding) and comparative image quality (Scomp) (from –2 = DW‐EPI more delineated to +2 = DW‐SD more delineated, 0 = same). ADC measured by DW‐SD and DW‐EPI were compared in bone marrow, muscle, and lesions.Statistical TestsWilcoxon rank‐sum test and confidence interval of proportions (CIOP) were calculated for Scomp, Student's t‐test, coefficient of variation (COV), and Bland–Altman analysis for ADC values, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for interreader agreement.ResultsDW‐SD and DW‐EPI ADC values for bone marrow, muscle, and lesions were not significantly different (P = 0.3, P = 0.2, and P = 0.27, respectively) and had an overall ADC COV of 14.8% (95% confidence interval: 12.3%, 16.9%) and no significant proportional bias on Bland–Altman analysis. Sanat CIOP was rated diagnostic or better (score of 3, 4, or 5) in 72–98% of cases for bone marrow, muscle, and soft tissues. DW‐SD was equivalent to or preferred over DW‐EPI in muscles and soft tissues, with CIOP 86–93% and 93%, respectively. Lesions were equally visualized on DW‐SD and DW‐EPI in 40–51%, with DW‐SD preferred in 44–56% of cases. DW‐SD was rated significantly better than DW‐EPI across all comparative variables that included bone marrow, muscle, soft tissue, cartilage, and lesions (P < 0.05). Readers had moderate to near‐perfect (ICC range = 0.45–0.85).Data ConclusionDW‐SD of the extremities provided similar ADC values and improved image quality compared with conventional DW‐EPI.Level of Evidence 2Technical Efficacy Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:504–513.
A review of the barriers to using Patient‐Reported Outcomes (PROs) and Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in routine cancer care
Authors: Nguyen Hanh , Butow Phyllis , Dhillon Haryana , Sundaresan Puma 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are direct reports from patients about the status of their health condition without amendment or interpretation by others. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are the tools used to measure PROs; they are usually validated questionnaires patients complete by self‐assessing their health status. Whilst the benefits of using PROs and PROMs to guide real‐time patient care are well established, they have not been adopted by many oncology institutions worldwide. This literature review aimed to examine the barriers associated with using PROs and PROMs in routine oncology care.MethodsA literature search was conducted across EMBASE, Medline and CINAHL databases. Studies detailing barriers to routine PRO use for real‐time patient care were included; those focusing on PRO collection in the research setting were excluded.ResultsOf 1165 records captured, 14 studies informed this review. At the patient level, patient time, incapacity and difficulty using electronic devices to complete PROMs were prominent barriers. At the health professional level, major barriers included health professionals’ lack of time and knowledge to meaningfully interpret and integrate PRO data into their clinical practice and the inability for PRO data to be acted upon. Prominent barriers at the service level included difficulties integrating PROs and PROMs into clinical workflows and inadequate information technology (IT) infrastructures for easy PRO collection.ConclusionThis review has outlined potential barriers to routine PRO use in the oncology setting. Such barriers should be considered when implementing PROs into routine clinical practice.
Mechanisms underlying the enhancement of γ‐aminobutyric acid responses in the external globus pallidus of R6/2 Huntington’s disease model mice
Authors: Barry Joshua , Sarafian Theodore A. , Watson Joseph B. , Cepeda Carlos , Levine Michael S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn Huntington's disease (HD), the output of striatal indirect pathway medium‐sized spiny neurons (MSNs) is altered in its target region, the external globus pallidus (GPe). In a previous study we demonstrated that selective optogenetic stimulation of indirect pathway MSNs induced prolonged decay time of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses in GPe neurons. Here we identified the mechanism underlying this alteration. Electrophysiological recordings in slices from symptomatic R6/2 and wildtype (WT) mice were used to evaluate, primarily, the effects of GABA transporter (GAT) antagonists on responses evoked by optogenetic activation of indirect pathway MSNs. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blots (WBs) were used to examine GAT‐3 expression in HD and WT mice. A GAT‐3 blocker (SNAP5114) increased decay time of GABA responses in WT and HD GPe neurons, but the effect was significantly greater in WT neurons. In contrast, a GAT‐1 antagonist (NO‐711) or a GABAB receptor antagonist (CGP 54626) produced small increases in decay time but no differential effects between genotypes. IHC and WBs showed reduction of GAT‐3 expression in the GPe of HD mice. Thus, reduced expression or dysfunction of GAT‐3 could underlie alterations of GPe responses to GABA inputs from striatum and could be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Combination of acamprosate and baclofen (PXT864) as a potential new therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Boussicault Lydie , Laffaire Julien , Schmitt Peter , Rinaudo Philippe , Callizot Noëlle , Nabirotchkin Serguei , Hajj Rodolphe , Cohen Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is currently no therapy impacting the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The only approved treatments are riluzole and edaravone, but their efficacy is modest and short‐lasting, highlighting the need for innovative therapies. We previously demonstrated the ability of PXT864, a combination of low doses of acamprosate and baclofen, to synergistically restore cellular and behavioral activity in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease models. The overlapping genetic, molecular, and cellular characteristics of these neurodegenerative diseases supported investigating the effectiveness of PXT864 in ALS. As neuromuscular junction (NMJ) alterations is a key feature of ALS, the effects of PXT864 in primary neuron‐muscle cocultures injured by glutamate were studied. PXT864 significantly and synergistically preserved NMJ and motoneuron integrity following glutamate excitotoxicity. PXT864 added to riluzole significantly improved such protection. PXT864 activity was then assessed in primary cultures of motoneurons derived from SOD1G93A rat embryos. These motoneurons presented severe maturation defects that were significantly improved by PXT864. In this model, glutamate application induced an accumulation of TDP‐43 protein in the cytoplasm, a hallmark that was completely prevented by PXT864. The anti‐TDP‐43 aggregation effect was also confirmed in a cell line expressing TDP‐43 fused to GFP. These results demonstrate the value of PXT864 as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALS.
Role of CD14‐positive cells in inflammatory cytokine and pain‐related molecule expression in human degenerated intervertebral discs
Authors: Miyagi Masayuki , Uchida Kentaro , Takano Shotaro , Nakawaki Mitsufumi , Sekiguchi Hiroyuki , Nakazawa Toshiyuki , Imura Takayuki , Saito Wataru , Shirasawa Eiki , Kawakubo Ayumu , Akazawa Tsutomu , Inoue Gen , Takaso Masashi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultiple human and animal studies suggest that the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and other pain‐related molecules in degenerated or injured intervertebral discs (IVDs) may cause discogenic low back pain (LBP). We previously reported that macrophages in injured IVD in mice produced inflammatory cytokines, but not other pain‐related molecules. CD14 is a monocyte marker expressed mainly by macrophages. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of CD14‐positive cells in inflammatory cytokine and pain‐related molecule expression in human degenerated IVD. IVD samples were harvested from 14 patients, including 10 with lumbar spinal stenosis, four with adult spinal deformity, and one with lumbar disc herniation during spinal interbody fusion surgery. Harvested IVD‐derived mononuclear cells were obtained and CD14‐positive (+) and CD14‐negative (−) cells were separated using CD14 antibody and streptavidin‐labeled magnetic beads. Inflammatory cytokines messenger RNA (mRNA) in the CD14(+) and CD14(−) cells, including tumor necrosis factor ɑ (TNFA), in, terleukin‐1β (IL1B) and IL6, were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and their expression levels were compared. To evaluate factors controlling the regulation of pain‐related molecules mRNA expression, cultured CD14(−) and CD14(+) cells from IVDs were stimulated with recombinant human TNF‐ɑ and IL‐1β and levels of pain‐related molecules, including calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were determined using qPCR. Levels of TNFA, IL1B, IL6, and NGF in CD14(+) cells were significantly increased compared with those in CD14(−) cells (TNFA, p = 0.006; IL1B, p = .017; IL6, p = .010; NGF, p = .027). Following TNFA stimulation, NGF levels were significantly increased in CD14(−) and CD14(+) cells (CD14(−), p = .003; CD14(+), p < .001) and CGRP was significantly increased in CD14(−) IVD cells (p = .040). Following IL1B stimulation, NGF levels were significantly increased in CD14(−) cells (p = .004). CD14(+) cells had higher TNFA, IL1B, IL6, and NGF expressions than CD14(−) cells in human degenerated IVDs. Additionally, TNFA stimulation promoted the upregulation of NGF and CGRP in CD14(−) cells. These findings suggested that CD14(+) cells directly and indirectly contributed to inflammatory cytokine and pain‐related molecule expression in human degenerated IVD. CD14(+) cells might be important in the pathological mechanism of chronic discogenic LBP in humans.
Soybean‐Oil Lipid Minimization for Prevention of Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease in Late‐Preterm and Term Infants With Gastrointestinal Surgical Disorders
Authors: Gupta Kunal , Wang Hongyue , Amin Sanjiv B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal failure‐associated liver disease (IFALD), a multifactorial disease, is common among infants with gastrointestinal surgical disorders (GISDs). Prolonged soy‐based intravenous lipid emulsion (S‐ILE) intake is associated with IFALD, but preventive studies of limiting S‐ILE have been inconclusive. Furthermore, a double–blind, randomized preventive trial (DBRPT) of S‐ILE intake has not been performed in infants with GISDs. Our objective was to compare the effect of 1 g/kg/d vs 2 g/kg/d S‐ILE intake for 6 weeks on the incidence of IFALD and the rate of rise of direct bilirubin (DB) in infants with GISDs.MethodsA DBRPT was conducted in infants with GISDs at ≥34 weeks’ gestational age (GA) admitted to the NICU within 72 hours after birth. Infants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 1 or 2 g/kg/d S‐ILE for 6 weeks. IFALD was defined as DB ≥2 mg/dL.ResultsForty infants were studied. The 2 groups had similar clinical characteristics except for GA and blood group incompatibility. Thirty percent of infants in each group developed IFALD (P = .94). However, infants in the group receiving 1 g/kg/d S‐ILE (n = 20) had a lower rate of rise of DB compared with infants in the group receiving 2 g/kg/d S‐ILE (n = 20).ConclusionsReducing S‐ILE intake for 6 weeks in infants with GISD at ≥34 weeks’ GA may not prevent IFALD. The extrapolated data on the rate of rise of DB suggest a possible risk of earlier development of IFALD with S‐ILE intake of 2 g/kg/d, as compared with 1 g/kg/d, beyond the 6‐week study period.
Decontamination of rough implant surfaces colonized by multispecies oral biofilm by application of leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin
Authors: Schuldt Luisa , Bi Jiarui , Owen Gethin , Shen Ya , Haapasalo Markus , Häkkinen Lari , Larjava Hannu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDecontamination of biofilm‐infected rough implant surfaces is challenging. Platelet rich blood products have been shown to have anti‐microbial properties against periodontal pathogens. Our aim was to investigate the effect of a potential biological implant surface disinfectant, leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF), on a mature oral multispecies biofilm on a rough titanium surface.MethodsSandblasted, large grit, acid‐etched (SLA) titanium disks were inoculated with subgingival dental plaque and cultured anaerobically for 21 days. The L‐PRF membranes were collected from 12 donors in three trials (four donors in each trial). The disks were rinsed with 0.9% NaCl and exposed to the cell‐rich portion of the L‐PRF membranes for 48 hours followed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis immediately or after rinsing with 0.9% NaCl prior to fixation. The presence of platelet factor‐4 in the rinse samples was analyzed by Western blotting. Remaining bacteria were quantified from SEM images of the implant surfaces and their numbers statistically compared.ResultsThe L‐PRF‐treated samples without rinsing displayed numerous cells with multiple pseudopodia in immediate contact with bacteria that appeared perforated and increased in size. The cells were identified as platelets based on morphological criteria and by positive reaction for platelet factor‐4 by Western blotting. After post‐treatment rinsing, the L‐PRF‐treated disks displayed a significant reduction in bacterial counts (in average 92% reduction).ConclusionApplication of L‐PRF significantly reduced bacterial counts on contaminated SLA titanium surface, most likely through anti‐microbial action by platelets.
HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization multistage MS/MS and TLC analysis of flavones‐C‐glycosides and bibenzyl of Dendrobium hercoglossum
Authors: Hu Li , Zhou Chujuan , Huang Yue‐Chun , Wang Yawen , Wei Gang , Liang Zhiyun , Zhou Chunhua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDendrobium hercoglossum Rchb. f. (D. hercoglossum), as one of the origins of medicinal Dendrobium, has been widely used as a health food and nutrient source promoting fluid production. Due to a lack of quality control, it is often counterfeited or mixed with other Dendrobium. In this study, a high‐performance liquid chromatography characteristic chromatogram method is established for the quality evaluation of D. hercoglossum. Based on the high‐performance liquid chromatography characteristic chromatogram, D. hercoglossum is divided into two classes, each with different flavone peaks. These flavone peaks were identified using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry. Among them, the acylated (3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl, p‐coumaroyl, feruloyl, or sinapoyl) flavones‐C‐glycosides are first found in D. hercoglossum in this study. In addition, one unique band was found in D. hercoglossum by thin‐layer chromatography, which can be used to distinguish it from other Dendrobium species as a characteristic marker of this plant. Combining the high‐performance liquid chromatography characteristic chromatogram and high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry, the unique band was identified as 4,5‐dihydroxy‐3,3′‐dimethoxybibenzyl. These analysis methods can be applied for the quality control and identification of D. hercoglossum as well as providing reference for the identification of similar constituents in other Dendrobium species.
Lung Ultrasound for COVID‐19 Patchy Pneumonia
Authors: Smargiassi Andrea , Soldati Gino , Torri Elena , Mento Federico , Milardi Domenico , Del Giacomo Paola , De Matteis Giuseppe , Burzo Maria Livia , Larici Anna Rita , Pompili Maurizio , Demi Libertario , Inchingolo Riccardo 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe 2019 novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is causing cases of severe pneumonia. Lung ultrasound (LUS) could be a useful tool for physicians detecting a bilateral heterogeneous patchy distribution of pathologic findings in a symptomatic suggestive context. The aim of this study was to focus on the implications of limiting LUS examinations to specific regions of the chest.MethodsPatients were evaluated with a standard sequence of LUS scans in 14 anatomic areas. A scoring system of LUS findings was reported, ranging from 0 to 3 (worst score, 3). The scores reported on anterior, lateral, and posterior landmarks were analyzed separately and compared with each other and with the global findings.ResultsThirty‐eight patients were enrolled. A higher prevalence of score 0 was observed in the anterior region (44.08%). On the contrary, 21.05% of posterior regions and 13.62% of lateral regions were evaluated as score 3, whereas only 5.92% of anterior regions were classified as score 3. Findings from chest computed tomography performed in 16 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 correlated with and matched the distribution of findings from LUS.ConclusionsTo assess the quantity and severity of lung disease, a comprehensive LUS examination is recommended. Omitting areas of the chest misses involved lung.
Does Vaginal Parity Alter the Association Between Symptoms and Signs of Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
Authors: Dietz Hans Peter , Rozsa Daniella , Subramaniam Nishamini , Friedman Talia 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether the number of vaginal births a woman has alters the association between symptoms and signs of pelvic organ prolapse.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we investigated data on 1748 women seen between April 2012 and January 2016. To elucidate whether the number of vaginal births is a confounder of this relationship, we used receiver operating characteristic statistics to investigate the association between symptoms and signs of prolapse in women of different vaginal parity.ResultsA higher number of vaginal births was associated with a higher likelihood of symptoms of prolapse for any given degree of prolapse. Multivariate modeling, however, showed this confounding effect to be due to higher vaginal parity in older women (P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curves obtained for the association between symptoms and signs of prolapse were near identical regardless of whether vaginal parity was included in the modeling. This was true for both clinical and imaging assessments of prolapse.ConclusionsAlthough vaginal childbirth is associated with symptoms of prolapse, the number of vaginal births does not alter the relationship between symptoms and signs of prolapse among individuals presenting to a tertiary care center for evaluation. Previously published limits for “normal” pelvic organ mobility can be used irrespective of vaginal parity.