bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization of four splice variants of mouse Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Iδ
Authors: Akizuki Kazutoshi , Ono Ayaka , Xue Houcheng , Kameshita Isamu , Ishida Atsuhiko , Sueyoshi Noriyuki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase Iδ (CaMKIδ) is a Ser/Thr kinase that plays pivotal roles in Ca2+ signalling. CaMKIδ is activated by Ca2+/CaM-binding and phosphorylation at Thr180 by CaMK kinase (CaMKK). In this study, we characterized four splice variants of mouse CaMKIδ (mCaMKIδs: a, b, c and d) found by in silico analysis. Recombinant mCaMKIδs expressed in Escherichia coli were phosphorylated by CaMKK; however, only mCaMKIδ-a and c showed protein kinase activities towards myelin basic protein in vitro, with mCaMKIδ-b and mCaMKIδ-d being inactive. Although mCaMKIδ-a and mCaMKIδ-c underwent autophosphorylation in vitro, only mCaMKIδ-c underwent autophosphorylation in 293T cells. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the autophosphorylation site is Ser349, which is found in the C-terminal region of only variants c and b (Ser324). Furthermore, phosphorylation of these sites (Ser324 and Ser349) in mCaMKIδ-b and c was more efficiently catalyzed by cAMP-dependent protein kinase in vitro and in cellulo as compared to the autophosphorylation of mCaMKIδ-c. Thus, variants of mCaMKIδ possess distinct properties in terms of kinase activities, autophosphorylation and phosphorylation by another kinase, suggesting that they play physiologically different roles in murine cells.
Citizen Reactions to Bureaucratic Encounters: Different Ways of Coping With Public Authorities
Authors: Nielsen Vibeke Lehmann , Nielsen Helle Ørsted , Bisgaard Mette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCommon to most studies on street-level bureaucrats is a fundamental acknowledgment that behaviors of citizens with whom the street-level bureaucrats interact play an important role for their decision-making. However, within literature, there is a lack of generic and systematic attention to the agency of the citizens. This article aims to respond to this criticism and answer the questions: How do citizens cope with public encounters? Do citizen behaviors towards public authorities divide into distinct, meaningful, multidimensional behavior types? Through an explorative theory-based approach, the article opens those questions. Based on self-reported survey-data on behavior, from a representative sample of Danish citizens, we use latent class analysis (LCA) to identify systematic patterns in citizens’ behavior towards public authorities (exemplified by Tax and Home Care Referral authorities). We identify five types of citizen coping behavior in public encounters: “Resisters,” “Activists,” “Accommodators,” “Flighters,” and “Cooperators.” The five types of coping behaviors can be placed in a three-dimensional space measuring degree of activity, degree of preparation, and degree of opposition. We suggest that this insight and conceptual framework of citizen coping behavior can create a starting point for researchers to embark a research agenda on citizens’ coping behavior in citizen-state encounters.
Variations of electric potential in the xylem of tree trunks associated with water content rhythms
Authors: Hao Zhibin , Li Wenbin , Hao Xiaomie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInstantaneous electrical responses in plants have been widely studied, but the mechanism of spontaneous, periodic electric potential alternations in the xylem of tree trunks remains controversial. The generation of the electric potential can be explained by the electrode potential, which depends on ion concentrations near electrodes. However, several different hypotheses about its periodic variations have been proposed, including streaming potential, ion diffusion, charge transport, and oxygen turnover. Here, we performed long-term measurements on the electric potential and water content in the xylem of trees, and observed changes in the electric potential and transpiration rate in response to varied numbers of leaves, light radiation, temperature, and relative air humidity. The electric potential showed a distinct seasonal trend, combined with daily rhythms, and could be affected by environmental changes. Rapid changes in the electric potential routinely lagged behind those of the transpiration rate, but their ranges of change were proportional. Both annual and diurnal patterns of the electric potential were synchronous with the trees’ water content. Moreover, we found potential function relationships between the electric potential and water content. Accordingly, we propose a new perspective, that the variations of the electric potential in tree xylem could be associated with water content rhythms.
Extrapolating the weight of a homogeneous retail drug seizure using packing weight
Authors: Kadane Joseph B , Wilkinson Emily , Yohannan Joshua C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We propose a method that yields a probability distribution for the net weight of drug powder resulting from a seizure of stamp bags. The technique involves the posterior predictive distribution of a beta distribution under a conjugate prior. The convolution of two distributions is computed for two visually distinct groups of stamp bags from the same seizure.
Exploring the robustness of Keplerian signals to the removal of active and telluric features
Authors: Lisogorskyi M , Jones H R A , Feng F , Butler R P , Vogt S 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine the influence of activity- and telluric-induced radial velocity (RV) signals on high-resolution spectra taken with an iodine absorption cell. We exclude 2-$\mathring{\rm A}$ spectral chunks containing active and telluric lines based on the well-characterized K1V star α Centauri B and illustrate the method on Epsilon Eridani – an active K2V star with a long-period, low-amplitude planetary signal. After removal of the activity- and telluric-sensitive parts of the spectrum from the RV calculation, the significance of the planetary signal is increased and the stellar rotation signal disappears. In order to assess the robustness of the procedure, we perform Monte Carlo simulations based on removing random chunks of the spectrum. Simulations confirm that the removal of lines impacted by activity and tellurics provides a method for checking the robustness of a given Keplerian signal. We also test the approach on HD 40979, which is an active F8V star with a large-amplitude planetary signal. Our Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the significance of the Keplerian signal in the F star is much more sensitive to wavelength. Unlike the K star, the removal of active lines from the F star greatly reduces the RV precision. In this case, our removal of a K star active line from an F star does not a provide a simple useful diagnostic because it has far less RV information and heavily relies on the strong active lines.
Robust asteroseismic properties of the bright planet host HD 38529
Authors: Ball Warrick H , Chaplin William J , Nielsen Martin B , González-Cuesta Lucia , Mathur Savita , Santos Ângela R G , García Rafael , Buzasi Derek , Mosser Benoît , Deal Morgan , Stokholm Amalie , Mosumgaard Jakob Rørsted , Silva Aguirre Victor , Nsamba Benard , Campante Tiago , Cunha Margarida S , Ong Joel , Basu Sarbani , Örtel Sibel , Çelik Orhan Z , Yıldız Mutlu , Stassun Keivan , Kane Stephen R , Huber Daniel 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is recording short-cadence, high duty-cycle timeseries across most of the sky, which presents the opportunity to detect and study oscillations in interesting stars, in particular planet hosts. We have detected and analysed solar-like oscillations in the bright G4 subgiant HD 38529, which hosts an inner, roughly Jupiter-mass planet on a $14.3\, \mathrm{d}$ orbit and an outer, low-mass brown dwarf on a $2136\, \mathrm{d}$ orbit. We combine results from multiple stellar modelling teams to produce robust asteroseismic estimates of the star’s properties, including its mass $M=1.48\pm 0.04\, \mathrm{M}_\odot {}$, radius $R=2.68\pm 0.03\, \mathrm{R}_\odot {}$, and age $t=3.07\pm 0.39\, \mathrm{Gyr}{}$. Our results confirm that HD 38529 has a mass near the higher end of the range that can be found in the literature and also demonstrate that precise stellar properties can be measured given shorter timeseries than produced by CoRoT, Kepler, or K2.
Reducing the variance of redshift space distortion measurements from mock galaxy catalogues with different lines of sight
Authors: Smith Alex , de Mattia Arnaud , Burtin Etienne , Chuang Chia-Hsun , Zhao Cheng 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Accurate mock catalogues are essential for assessing systematics in the cosmological analysis of large galaxy surveys. Anisotropic two-point clustering measurements from the same simulation show some scatter for different lines of sight (LOS), but are on average equal, due to cosmic variance. This results in scatter in the measured cosmological parameters. We use the OuterRim N-body simulation halo catalogue to investigate this, considering the three simulation axes as LOS. The quadrupole of the two-point statistics is particularly sensitive to changes in the LOS, with subper cent level differences in the velocity distributions resulting in ∼1.5 σ shifts on large scales. Averaging over multiple LOS can reduce the impact of cosmic variance. We derive an expression for the Gaussian cross-correlation between the power spectrum multipole measurements, for any two LOS, including shot noise, and the corresponding reduction in variance in the average measurement. Quadrupole measurements are anticorrelated, and for three orthogonal LOS, the variance on the average measurement is reduced by more than 1/3. We perform a Fisher analysis to predict the corresponding gain in precision on the cosmological parameter measurements, which we compare against a set of 300 extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey emission-line galaxy EZmocks. The gain in fσ8, which measures the growth of structure, is also better than 1/3. Averaging over multiple LOS in future mock challenges will allow the redshift space distortion models to be constrained with the same systematic error, with less than three times the CPU time.
The S2 Stream: the shreds of a primitive dwarf galaxy.*
Authors: Aguado David S , Myeong G C , Belokurov Vasily , Evans N Wyn , Koposov Sergey E , Prieto Carlos Allende , Lanfranchi Gustavo A , Matteucci Francesca , Shetrone Matthew , Sbordone Luca , Navarrete Camila , Hernández Jonay I González , Chanamé Julio , de Arriba Luis Peralta , Yuan Zhen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The S2 stream is a kinematically cold stream that is plunging downwards through the Galactic disc. It may be part of a hotter and more diffuse structure called the Helmi stream. We present a multi-instrument chemical analysis of the stars in the metal-poor S2 stream using both high- and low-resolution spectroscopy, complemented with a re-analysis of the archival data to give a total sample of 62 S2 members. Our high-resolution program provides α-elements (C, Mg, Si, Ca and Ti), iron-peak elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni), n-capture process elements (Sr, Ba) and other elements such as Li, Na, Al, and Sc for a subsample of S2 objects. We report coherent abundance patterns over a large metallicity spread (∼1 dex) confirming that the S2 stream was produced by a disrupted dwarf galaxy. The combination of S2’s α-elements displays a mildly decreasing trend with increasing metallicity which can be tentatively interpreted as a “knee” at [Fe/H]&lt;−2. At the low metallicity end, the n-capture elements in S2 may be dominated by r-process production however several stars are Ba-enhanced, but unusually poor in Sr. Moreover, some of the low-[Fe/H] stars appear to be carbon-enhanced. We interpret the observed abundance patterns with the help of chemical evolution models that demonstrate the need for modest star-formation efficiency and low wind efficiency confirming that the progenitor of S2 was a primitive dwarf galaxy.
A combination of growth factors and cytokines alter preimplantation mouse embryo development, foetal development and gene expression profiles
Authors: Gurner Kathryn H , Truong Thi T , Harvey Alexandra J , Gardner David K 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWithin the maternal tract, the preimplantation embryo is exposed to an array of growth factors (GFs) and cytokines, most of which are absent from culture media used in clinical IVF. Whilst the addition of individual GFs and cytokines to embryo culture media can improve preimplantation mouse embryo development, there is a lack of evidence on the combined synergistic effects of GFs and cytokines on embryo development and further foetal growth. Therefore, in this study, the effect of a combined group of GFs and cytokines on mouse preimplantation embryo development and subsequent foetal development and gene expression profiles was investigated. Supplementation of embryo culture media with an optimised combination of GFs and cytokines (0.05 ng/ml vascular endothelial GF, 1 ng/ml platelet-derived GF, 0.13 ng/ml insulin-like GF 1, 0.026 ng/ml insulin-like GF 2 and 1 ng/ml granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) had no effect on embryo morphokinetics but significantly increased trophectoderm cell number (P = 0.0002) and total cell number (P = 0.024). Treatment with this combination of GFs and cytokines also significantly increased blastocyst outgrowth area (P &lt; 0.05) and, following embryo transfer, increased foetal weight (P = 0.027), crown-rump length (P = 0.017) and overall morphological development (P = 0.027). RNA-seq analysis of in vitro derived foetuses identified concurrent alterations to the transcriptional profiles of liver and placental tissues compared with those developed in vivo, with greater changes observed in the GF and cytokine treated group. Together these data highlight the importance of balancing the actions of such factors for the regulation of normal development and emphasise the need for further studies investigating this prior to clinical implementation.
HMPDACC: a Human Microbiome Project Multi-omic data resource
Authors: Creasy Heather Huot , Felix Victor , Aluvathingal Jain , Crabtree Jonathan , Ifeonu Olukemi , Matsumura James , McCracken Carrie , Nickel Lance , Orvis Joshua , Schor Mike , Giglio Michelle , Mahurkar Anup , White Owen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) explored microbial communities of the human body in both healthy and disease states. Two phases of the HMP (HMP and iHMP) together generated &gt;48TB of data (public and controlled access) from multiple, varied omics studies of both the microbiome and associated hosts. The Human Microbiome Project Data Coordination Center (HMPDACC) was established to provide a portal to access data and resources produced by the HMP. The HMPDACC provides a unified data repository, multi-faceted search functionality, analysis pipelines and standardized protocols to facilitate community use of HMP data. Recent efforts have been put toward making HMP data more findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. HMPDACC resources are freely available at www.hmpdacc.org.
PpCas9 from Pasteurella pneumotropica — a compact Type II-C Cas9 ortholog active in human cells
Authors: Fedorova Iana , Vasileva Aleksandra , Selkova Polina , Abramova Marina , Arseniev Anatolii , Pobegalov Georgii , Kazalov Maksim , Musharova Olga , Goryanin Ignatiy , Artamonova Daria , Zyubko Tatyana , Shmakov Sergey , Artamonova Tatyana , Khodorkovskii Mikhail , Severinov Konstantin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
CRISPR-Cas defense systems opened up the field of genome editing due to the ease with which effector Cas nucleases can be programmed with guide RNAs to access desirable genomic sites. Type II-A SpCas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes was the first Cas9 nuclease used for genome editing and it remains the most popular enzyme of its class. Nevertheless, SpCas9 has some drawbacks including a relatively large size and restriction to targets flanked by an ‘NGG’ PAM sequence. The more compact Type II-C Cas9 orthologs can help to overcome the size limitation of SpCas9. Yet, only a few Type II-C nucleases were fully characterized to date. Here, we characterized two Cas9 II-C orthologs, DfCas9 from Defluviimonas sp.20V17 and PpCas9 from Pasteurella pneumotropica. Both DfCas9 and PpCas9 cleave DNA in vitro and have novel PAM requirements. Unlike DfCas9, the PpCas9 nuclease is active in human cells. This small nuclease requires an ‘NNNNRTT’ PAM orthogonal to that of SpCas9 and thus potentially can broaden the range of Cas9 applications in biomedicine and biotechnology.
Venous thromboembolism in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: an underlying prothrombotic condition?
Authors: Antovic Aleksandra , Svensson Einar , Lövström Björn , Illescas Vera Bäckström , Nordin Annica , Börjesson Ola , Arnaud Laurent , Bruchfeld Annette , Gunnarsson Iva 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated the incidence and potential underlying risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with AAV. We assessed haemostatic disturbances and factors that might contribute to the risk of development of VTE.

Methods
ANCA-positive AAV patients (n = 187) were included. Previously identified risk factors for VTE and current medication were retrieved from the medical records. We assessed haemostasis using different methods [endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), overall haemostatic potential (OHP), overall coagulation potential (OCP) and overall fibrinolysis potential (OFP)] in patients with active AAV (n = 19), inactive AAV (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15).

Results
Twenty-eight VTEs occurred in 24 patients over a total follow-up time of 1020 person-years. A majority of VTEs occurred within the first year after diagnosis. Old age (P &lt; 0.01), ongoing prednisolone treatment and recent rituximab administration were more common in the VTE group (P &lt; 0.05 for all). ETP and OHP were significantly increased and OFP significantly decreased in plasma from active compared with inactive AAV patients (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively) and healthy controls (P &lt; 0.001). We could not confirm previously reported risk factors for VTE development.

Conclusion
A high prevalence of VTE in AAV patients was seen within the first year after diagnosis, suggesting that disease activity contributes to development of VTE. Old age and concurrent treatment should also be taken into account when estimating VTE risk. The results also indicate disturbances in the haemostatic balance towards pro-thrombotic conditions in AAV patients, where ETP and OHP might be useful markers for identifying patients at high risk.
Homer and the Discovery of the Pacific: Gunn, Keats, Pope
Authors: Power Henry 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Thom Gunn’s ‘The Discovery of the Pacific’ (1970) describes a young couple who have driven across America and reached the Californian coast. Their exhilaration as they stare at the ocean recalls another moment of epiphany; when John Keats read George Chapman’s translation of Homer, he felt like a conquistador setting eyes on the Pacific for the first time. In this essay, I argue that Gunn’s poem engages closely with Keats’s ‘On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer’, and that Keats’s sonnet in turn draws on ancient ideas of Homer as being like the ocean. These are ideas Keats seems to have drawn from Alexander Pope’s translation of (and commentary on) the Homeric poems. Pope, Keats, and Gunn all regard the Homer poems as being in some way oceanic—both because of their vastness and capaciousness, and because they have been previously discovered by so many earlier readers.
The Cutoff Structure of Top Trading Cycles in School Choice
Authors: Leshno Jacob D , Lo Irene 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article develops a tractable theoretical framework for the Top Trading Cycles (TTC) mechanism for school choice that allows quantifying welfare and optimizing policy decisions. We compute welfare for TTC and Deferred Acceptance (DA) under different priority structures and find that the choice of priorities can have larger welfare implications than the choice of mechanism. We solve for the welfare-maximizing distributions of school quality for parametrized economies and find that optimal investment decisions can be very different under TTC and DA. Our framework relies on a novel characterization of the TTC assignment in terms of a cutoff for each pair of schools. These cutoffs parallel prices in competitive equilibrium, with students’ priorities serving the role of endowments. We show that these cutoffs can be computed directly from the distribution of preferences and priorities in a continuum model and derive closed-form solutions and comparative statics for parameterized settings. The TTC cutoffs not only clarify the role of priorities in determining the TTC assignment but also demonstrate that TTC is more complicated than DA.
Corticosteroid Responsive Encephalopathy: Prolonged Coma in Patients Late in the Course of Dreadful Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Montaut Victor , Madigan Simone , Pugin Deborah , Clerc Olivier , Haesler Laurence 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic that began in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 mainly causes respiratory insult. Few cases were reported of extrapulmonary involvement, many of which were neurologic.

Case Summary:
In this case report, we present two cases of prolonged coma after weaning off sedation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 patients with rapid neurologic improvement shortly after high-dose corticosteroid regimen.

Conclusions:
We thus hypothesize an inflammatory process being responsible for the prolonged coma. Inflammatory neurologic insult has been described with other coronaviruses. Further studies are needed to determinate the extent and underlying mechanism of neurologic involvement in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections.