bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual perception and dissociation during Mirror Gazing Test in patients with anorexia nervosa: a preliminary study
Authors: Demartini Benedetta , Nisticò Veronica , Tedesco Roberta , Marzorati Andrea , Ferrucci Roberta , Priori Alberto , Gambini Orsola , Caputo Giovanni B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
It has been widely shown that dissociative features might play a fundamental role in producing body image distortions in patients affected by eating disorders. Here, we hypothesize that the Mirror Gazing Test (MGT), a task consisting in mirror exposure in a condition of sensory deprivation, would elicit dissociative symptoms in a group of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN).

Methods
Fourteen patients with AN and fourteen healthy controls (HC) underwent a 10 min MGT and completed the Strange Face Questionnaire and a short version of the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale, along with a psychological assessment for eating disorders psychopathology, anxiety and depression.

Results
AN patients reported a higher number of strange-face apparitions and dissociative sensations than HC during the MGT. Dissociative identity (compartmentalization of two or more identities) and depersonalization (detachment of bodily-self) were much higher in patients with AN than in HC. These findings were correlated with body dissatisfaction and disruption in interoceptive awareness.

Conclusion
Dissociation and body image dysfunction are strongly connected in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa. Future research should investigate the same aspects in other psychiatric conditions characterized by body image distortions, such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

Level of evidence
I, Experimental studies.
Early cannabis initiation: Substance use and mental health profiles of service‐seeking youth
Authors: Hawke Lisa D. , Wilkins Leanne , Henderson Joanna 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionEarly cannabis use is associated with mental health and substance use (MHSU) challenges into adulthood. Given the vulnerability of youth who use cannabis, it is important to understand their clinical profiles and markers of risk. This cross‐sectional descriptive study examines youth who began using cannabis during early adolescence compared to those who initiated at an older age.Methods634 youth and emerging adults (age M = 19.5, SD = 2.3; 46.5% female) were assessed at intake in a Canadian youth mental health and concurrent disorder out‐patient service. Measures of demographic characteristics and MHSU were compared for youth who initiated cannabis use under the age of 14 versus 14 years or over.ResultsNearly 30% of youth initiated cannabis use before age 14. Those who initiated cannabis early were younger and had distinct psychosocial risk factors. They were more likely to use cannabis (p = .005), tobacco (p = .006), powder cocaine (p = .030), and/or benzodiazepines (p = .033) at a high frequency. If they used other substances, they were more likely to have begun using them younger (all p < .001). Early initiators had more externalizing mental health symptoms (p = .024), crime/violence concerns (p < .001), and past trauma (p = .001).ConclusionsDistinct, clinically meaningful differences emerged between youth who initiated cannabis use early versus later. Early cannabis use is associated with multiple, overlapping needs. Cannabis use and concurrent MHSU should be systematically assessed from an early age, and prevention/promotion efforts should take early onset into account.
Attitudes about aggression and perpetration of Adolescent Dating Aggression: A cross‐lagged panel model
Authors: Sabol Brianna M. , Kernsmith Poco D. , Hicks Megan R. , Smith‐Darden Joanne P. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionSeveral cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies have found associations between attitudes about aggression and aggressive behaviors. However, few studies examine all subtypes of Adolescent Dating Aggression (ADA)—physical, psychological/emotional, sexual, and stalking; occurring in person or electronically—and there is a paucity of longitudinal studies that follow adolescents over several years.MethodsMiddle school and high school students (N = 1240), in the Midwestern United States, participated in surveys one time per year for four years. Data from each year (Y1, Y2, Y3, & Y4) was used to conduct a cross‐lagged panel analysis of attitudes about aggression and aggressive behaviors, among both cohorts.ResultsBy Y4, approximately 46% of the middle school cohort and 60% of the high school cohort perpetrated some form of ADA. The cross‐lagged panel analysis revealed significant cross‐sectional associations in the middle school (Y1, Y2, & Y4) and high school (Y1 & Y2) cohorts. Aggressive behaviors were significantly associated with future aggressive behaviors for the middle and high school cohorts each year. Similarly, attitudes about aggression were significantly associated with attitudes in the following years for both cohorts. Among the middle school cohort, there were significant cross‐lagged effects between aggressive behaviors in Y2 and attitudes about aggression in Y3, as well as aggressive behaviors in Y3 and attitudes about aggression in Y4. Among the high school cohort, a bidirectional association was found from Y2 to Y3.ConclusionsThese findings suggest prevention programs should be implemented earlier, among middle school aged adolescents, and target factors beyond attitudes supporting aggression.
Selection Bias and Social Science History
Authors: Inwood Kris , Maxwell-Stewart Hamish 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHistorians and social scientists routinely, and inevitably, rely on sources that are unrepresentative of the past. The articles in this special issue of the journal illustrate the widespread prevalence of selection bias in historical sources, and the ways in which historians negotiate this challenge to reach useful conclusions from valuable, if imperfect sources.
Forecasting Catastrophic Rupture in Brittle Rocks Using Precursory AE Time Series
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Zhi , Zhou Xiao‐Ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn evidently precursory acoustic emission (AE) time series, characterized by a time‐reversed Omori law, is registered prior to the unconfined catastrophic rupture of brittle sandstone. This provides insights into the physical process controlling catastrophic rupture and underlies the failure forecast. The onset of acceleration of damage is first identified based on the acousto‐optical characteristics. The precursory time series of rise time (RT) rate is used to forecast pseudo‐prospectively the catastrophic rupture in the framework of the time‐reversed Omori law. Investigations on multiple unconfirmed failure cases on the laboratory scale show that forecasts become more precise and less biased as the precursory AE time series proceeds toward rupture. In contrast to retrospective forecast, pseudo‐prospective forecast obtains a higher quality. Moreover, the use of amplitude as a precursor benefits the increase of warning time, and the flaw‐to‐flaw interaction introduces a strong disturbance on the forecast.
Late Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean in the Northern Alxa Block (NW China)
Authors: Tian Rongsong , Xie Guoai , Zhu Wenbin , Zhang Jin , Gao Shuang , Zhang Beihang , Zhao Heng , Li Tian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe northern Alxa Block occupies a key position in the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and records late Paleozoic subduction and closure processes of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO). However, there are still controversies regarding the timing and location of the final closure of the PAO. This study presents structural deformation data and geochronological and geochemical data for Permian volcanic rocks, as well as detrital zircon provenance analysis of Permian sedimentary rocks along the Nuoergong‐Langshan Zone (NLZ) in the northern Alxa Block. During the early to middle Permian, the PAO lithospheric slab subducted beneath the northern Alxa Block, rendering a continental volcanic arc in the NLZ and also giving rise to extensive folding, thrusting, and crustal thickening. The crustal thickening in the NLZ may trigger the early Permian magmatic flare‐up that constructed much of the continental arc plutons. In the middle to late Permian, a retroarc foreland basin was formed, within which the Dahongshan Formation deposited. Significant active tectonic movements led to regional unconformity occurring during this period. A large‐scale dextral ductile shear deformation in the NLZ resulting from the lateral extrusion of the thickened crust after the terminal amalgamation of the southern CAOB was constrained between 272 and 249 Ma, suggesting a late Permian tectonic transition from compression to transpression. Combining these findings with published data, we suggest that the final consumption of the PAO occurred in the late Permian, probably along the Enger Us suture zone in the northern margin Alxa Block.
Drag Coefficient of Emergent Flexible Vegetation in Steady Nonuniform Flow
Authors: Zhang Yonggang , Wang Ping , Cheng Jinhua , Wang Wei‐Jie , Zeng Li , Wang Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFlexible vegetation plays key roles in the natural channel and riparian ecology. This paper investigates the drag coefficient Cdf of an emergent flexible vegetation array in a steady nonuniform flow. Laboratory flume tests of five vegetation densities exposed to a constant flow rate were conducted, and the variation in the water surface was accurately measured. The Saint‐Venant equation was applied to explore vegetation hydrodynamics under nonuniform conditions, and a more widely applicable formula for the vegetated drag of nonuniform flow was proposed. Furthermore, the flexible drag coefficient factor αb was used to represent the flexibility and drag reconfiguration, which were explored from the perspective of material mechanics. The results reveal that the calculated values of Cdf exhibit nonmonotonic variation with increasing Reynolds number along the streamwise direction due to the flow nonuniformity. There are two effects of blockage and sheltering in the emergent vegetated patch: The blockage effect increases the drag coefficient, while the sheltering effect—especially at the leading edge and tail of the vegetated patch—reduces the drag of the flexible canopy due to bending deformation. These two effects achieve equilibration in dense flexible canopies. Finally, by relating αb to flexibility through the slenderness Cauchy number CYS, a nonmonotonic pattern can be obtained for each test. A fitting formula was proposed based on αb as a function of CYS. The results presented in this study can potentially support applications related to the plant flexible dams and vegetated filter strips for river ecosystems.
AUF1 promotes stemness in human mammary epithelial cells through stabilization of the EMT transcription factors TWIST1 and SNAIL1
Authors: AlAhmari Manar M. , Al-Khalaf Huda H. , Al-Mohanna Falah H. , Ghebeh Hazem , Aboussekhra Abdelilah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1 (AUF1) is an RNA-binding protein, which can both stabilize and destabilize the transcripts of several cancer-related genes. Since epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of cancer stem cell traits are important for cancer onset and progression, we sought to determine the role of AUF1 in these two important processes. We have shown that AUF1 induces EMT and stemness in breast epithelial cells via stabilization of the SNAIL1 and TWIST1 mRNAs, and their consequent upregulation. Indeed, AUF1 binds the transcripts of these two genes at their 3′UTR and reduces their turnover. Ectopic expression of AUF1 also promoted stemness in mammary epithelial cells, and thereby increased the proportion of cancer stem cells. Importantly, breast cancer cells that ectopically express AUF1 were more efficient in forming orthotopic tumor xenografts in nude mice than their corresponding controls with limiting cell inocula. On the other hand, AUF1 downregulation with specific siRNA inhibited EMT and reduced the stemness features in breast cancer cells. Moreover, AUF1 knockdown sensitized breast cancer cells to the killing effect of cisplatin. Together, these findings provide clear evidence that AUF1 is an important inducer of the EMT process through stabilization of SNAIL1 and TWIST1 and the consequent promotion of breast cancer stem cells. Thereby, AUF1 targeted molecules could constitute efficient therapeutics for breast cancer patients.
Geospatial epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in a tropical setting: an enabling digital surveillance platform
Authors: Wozniak T. M. , Cuningham W. , Buchanan S. , Coulter S. , Baird R. W. , Nimmo G. R. , Blyth C. C. , Tong S. Y. C. , Currie B. J. , Ralph A. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDelivery of information to clinicians on evolving antimicrobial susceptibility needs to be accurate for the local needs, up-to-date and readily available at point of care. In northern Australia, bacterial infection rates are high but resistance to first- and second-line antibiotics is poorly described and currently-available datasets exclude primary healthcare data. We aimed to develop an online geospatial and interactive platform for aggregating, analysing and disseminating data on regional bacterial pathogen susceptibility. We report the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus as an example of the power of digital platforms to tackle the growing spread of antimicrobial resistance in a high-burden, geographically-sparse region and beyond. We developed an online geospatial platform called HOTspots that visualises antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and temporal trends. Data on clinically-important bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles were sought from retrospectively identified clinical specimens submitted to three participating pathology providers (96 unique tertiary and primary healthcare centres, n = 1,006,238 tests) between January 2008 and December 2017. Here we present data on S. aureus only. Data were available on specimen type, date and location of collection. Regions from the Australian Bureau of Statistics were used to provide spatial localisation. The online platform provides an engaging visual representation of spatial heterogeneity, demonstrating striking geographical variation in S. aureus susceptibility across northern Australia. Methicillin resistance rates vary from 46% in the west to 26% in the east. Plots generated by the platform show temporal trends in proportions of S. aureus resistant to methicillin and other antimicrobials across the three jurisdictions of northern Australia. A quarter of all, and up to 35% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) blood isolates in parts of the northern Australia were resistant to inducible-clindamycin. Clindamycin resistance rates in MRSA are worryingly high in regions of northern Australia and are a local impediment to empirical use of this agent for community MRSA. Visualising routinely collected laboratory data with digital platforms, allows clinicians, public health physicians and guideline developers to monitor and respond to antimicrobial resistance in a timely manner. Deployment of this platform into clinical practice supports national and global efforts to innovate traditional disease surveillance systems with the use of digital technology and to provide practical solutions to reducing the threat of antimicrobial resistance.
LC-ICP-MS method for the determination of “extractable copper” in serum
Authors: Quarles C Derrick , Macke Marcel , Michalke Bernhard , Zischka Hans , Karst Uwe , Sullivan Patrick , Field M Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCopper is an essential element for biological functions within humans and animals. There are several known diseases associated with Cu deficiency or overload, such as Menkes disease and Wilson disease, respectively. A common clinical method for determining extractable Cu levels in serum, which is thought to be potentially dangerous if in excess, is to subtract the value of tightly incorporated Cu in ceruloplasmin from total serum Cu. In this work, an automated sample preparation and liquid chromatography (LC) system was combined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine bound Cu and extractable Cu in serum. This LC-ICP-MS method took 250 s for sample preparation and analysis, followed by a column recondition/system reset, thus, a 6 minute sample-to-sample time including sample preparation. The method was validated using serum collected from either control (Atp7b+/−) or Wilson disease rats (Atp7b−/−). The extractable Cu was found to be 4.0 ± 2.3 μM Cu in healthy control rats, but 2.1 ± 0.6 μM Cu in healthy Wilson rats, and 27 ± 16 μM Cu in diseased Wilson rats, respectively. In addition, the extractable Cu/bound Cu ratio was found to be 6.4 ± 3.5%, 38 ± 29%, and 34 ± 22%, respectively. These results suggest that the developed method could be of diagnostic value for Wilson disease, and possibly other copper related diseases.
Reparative and toxicity-reducing effects of liposome-encapsulated saikosaponin in mice with liver fibrosis
Authors: Shiu Li-Yen , Huang Han Hsiang , Chen Chun Yin , Cheng Hsia-Ying , Chen Chih I. , Kuo Shyh Ming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Saikosaponin d (SSd), a primary active component of the Chinese herb Bupleurum falcatum, has antitumor and antiliver fibrosis effects. However, the toxicity of SSd at high doses can induce conditions such as metabolic disorders and hemolysis in vivo, thus hampering its clinical use. The present study investigated the toxicity-reducing effects of liposome encapsulation of pure SSd and the therapeutic action of SSd-loaded liposomes (Lipo-SSd) in liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Lipo-SSd (diameter, 31.7 ± 7.8 nm) was prepared at an entrapment efficiency of 94.1%. After 10-day incubation, a slow release profile of 56% SSd from Lipo-SSd was observed. The IC50 of SSd on hepatic stellate cells was approximately 2.9 μM. Lipo-SSd exhibited much lower cytotoxicity than did pure SSd. In the in vivo toxicity assay, Lipo-SSd significantly increased mice survival rate and duration compared with pure SSd at the same dose. These in vitro and in vivo data indicate that liposomal encapsulation can reduce the cytotoxicity of SSd. The histopathological analysis results demonstrated that in mice with thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis, Lipo-SSd exerted more obvious fibrosis- and inflammation-alleviating and liver tissue-reparative effects than did pure SSd; these effects are potentially attributable to the sustained release of SSd. In conclusion, Lipo-SSd fabricated here have antiliver fibrosis effects and lower toxicity compared with that of pure SSd.
The Use of Nonspeech Oral Motor Exercises in the Treatment of Children With Cleft Palate: A Re-Examination of Available Evidence
Authors: Ruscello Dennis M. , Vallino Linda D. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this tutorial is to re-examine the current literature on nonspeech oral motor exercise (NSOME) in general and its use in the treatment of children with cleft palate specifically and provide a best practice recommendation.

Method

The
Population Intervention Comparison Outcome
process was used to investigate the clinical question. This systematic framework identifies the clinical population, evaluates the intervention(s) applied to the population, assesses the results of interventions, and delineates the outcome. A literature search, which examined developmental research, applied clinical research, and systematic treatment reviews, was conducted for this purpose.

Results

The literature reviewed herein suggests that, on a number of different levels, the implementation of NSOME
s
does not result in positive communication outcomes for children with cleft palate who present with velopharyngeal dysfunction or compensatory speech errors.

Conclusion
Based on the current review, there is no empirical support for the use of NSOME as a direct or adjunct treatment for velopharyngeal dysfunction or compensatory speech errors. Appropriate treatments for these communication disorders include surgical, dental, and speech-based interventions.
Respiratory–Swallow Coordination Training Improves Swallowing Safety and Efficiency in a Person With Anoxic Brain Injury
Authors: Curtis James A. , Seikaly Zeina N. , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of respiratory–swallow coordination training (RSCT) on respiratory–swallow coordination (RSC), swallowing safety (penetration/aspiration), and swallowing efficiency (pharyngeal residue) in a person with anoxic brain injury.

Method

A 68-year-old man with anoxic brain injury, tachypnea, and severe dysphagia was recruited to participate in a prospective AABAA single-subject experimental design. RSC, swallowing safety, and swallowing efficiency were measured at each assessment using respiratory inductive plethysmography and flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing. Data were analyzed descriptively using Cohen's
d
effect size. Outcome measures were compared pre-RSCT to post-RSCT, and pre-RSCT to a 1-month retention assessment.

Results

Improvements in RSC were observed immediately post-RSCT (
d
= 0.60). These improvements were maintained upon retention assessment 1 month later (
d
= 0.60). Additionally, improvements in swallowing safety (
d
= 1.73), efficiency (
d
= 1.73), and overall dysphagia severity (
d
= 1.73) were observed immediately post-RSCT and were maintained upon retention assessment 1 month later (
d
= 1.73).

Conclusions
Clinically meaningful improvements in RSC were observed following four sessions of RSCT, which were subsequently associated with large improvements in swallowing safety and efficiency. RSCT may be an efficacious, clinically feasible skill-based exercise for people with anoxic brain injury, suboptimal RSC, and dysphagia. Future work is needed to expand these findings in a larger cohort of people with dysphagia.
Dust distribution around low-mass planets on converging orbits
Authors: Marzari Francesco , D’Angelo Gennaro 
Published: August 2020

Context. Super-Earths can form at large orbital radii and migrate inward due to tidal interactions with the circumstellar disk. In this scenario, convergent migration may occur and lead to the formation of resonant pairs of planets.
Aims. We explore the conditions under which convergent migration and resonance capture take place, and what dynamical consequences can be expected on the dust distribution surrounding the resonant pair.
Methods. We combine hydrodynamic planet–disk interaction models with dust evolution calculations to investigate the signatures produced in the dust distribution by a pair of planets in mean-motion resonances.
Results. We find that convergent migration takes place when the outer planet is the more massive. However, convergent migration also depends on the local properties of the disk, and divergent migration may result as well. For similar disk parameters, the capture in low degree resonances (e.g., 2:1 or 3:2) is preferred close to the star where the resonance strength can more easily overcome the tidal torques exerted by the gaseous disk. Farther away from the star, convergent migration may result in capture in high degree resonances. The dust distribution shows potentially observable features typically when the planets are trapped in a 2:1 resonance. In other cases, with higher degree resonances (e.g., 5:4 or 6:5) dust features may not be sufficiently pronounced to be easily observable.
Conclusions. The degree of resonance established by a pair of super-Earths may be indicative of the location in the disk where capture occurred. There can be significant differences in the dust distribution around a single super-Earth and a pair of super-Earths in resonance.