bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of flood frequency analysis to data record, statistical model, and parameter estimation methods: An evaluation over the contiguous United States
Authors: Hu Lanxin , Nikolopoulos Efthymios I. , Marra Francesco , Anagnostou Emmanouil N. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe current statistical methods applied in flood frequency analysis require long data records to obtain reliable estimates, particularly for long return periods. Moreover, the choice of the statistical model and the parameter estimation procedure may introduce uncertainty in the estimates. In this work, we investigate the sensitivity of flood frequency analysis to various sample sizes, statistical models, and parameter estimation methods over six major hydrological regions in the contiguous United States. Results show that flood frequency estimates based on annual maximum series approach convergence to the reference values (estimates derived from 70 years record) in terms of median for 35‐year or longer records. However, the uncertainty remains significant and a record of 35 years (20 years) is associated with ~50% (100%) larger uncertainty on the estimated 100‐year flood. The generalised extreme value distribution combined with maximum likelihood estimation method is associated with the largest uncertainty, while the log‐Pearson type III exhibits comparable bias and smaller uncertainty. Application of the partial duration series approach to 20‐year records shows no significant advantage. Our findings suggest that the hydroclimatic characteristics of the catchments exhibit limited impact on the uncertainty.
Understanding Thai consumer attitudes and expectations of ginseng food products
Authors: Doungtip Peerarat , Sriwattana Sujinda , Kim Kyung T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGinseng is now increasingly popular in Thailand because of its multifunctional health properties. However, the recognition and acceptance of ginseng food products in Thailand have been limited. The objectives of this research were to investigate consumer attitudes toward ginseng products and to obtain useful information to develop ginseng food products that meet the expectations of Thai consumers. Consumer surveys and focus group interviews were conducted. The 430 respondents participated in the consumer surveys. Six focus group interviews (n = 51) were also conducted. Results showed that most Thai consumers know ginseng. Ginseng is representative of a healthy image. Consumers wanted new products, such as beverages, and this product should be easily absorbed or digested. For focus group interviews, older participants (more than 40 years old) had positive impressions toward ginseng food products in contrast to young participants. Participants were concerned about convenience, price, and taste and aroma of new ginseng products.Practical applicationsThe study of Thai consumer attitudes and expectations of Korean ginseng products posed an interesting challenge and could provide information for promoting Korean ginseng in Thailand. The results of this research can be used for idea generation and further development studies on ginseng products. Advertisement and education may also increase consumption of ginseng food products among Thai consumers.
Vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring in paediatrics
Authors: Patel Joanne , Lucas Catherine J , Ryan Jessica , Jenkins Michelle , Martin Jennifer H 
Published: November 2019

AimVancomycin guidelines for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aim to maximise efficacy while minimising toxicity and resistance. Vancomycin is effective against Staphylococcus aureus when it achieves area under the concentration–time curve (AUC)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 400. Studies in children have shown that target trough concentrations poorly correlate to AUC/MIC > 400; however, they are used in practice for clinical convenience. This review in paediatric inpatients aims to audit performance against TDM guidelines and consider what changes are needed to optimise vancomycin monitoring.MethodsVancomycin prescriptions in patients younger than 18 years old were collected over a 15‐month period. Primary outcome measures were vancomycin initial dose (mg/kg/day) and the timing and result of first trough concentration (mg/L). Secondary outcome measures were the numbers achieving recommended targets and whether appropriate dose adjustments were made in response to TDM.ResultsA total of 133 courses reached the time when TDM should occur. Average patient age was 6.5 years, and the average initial dose was 52.55 mg/kg/day (range 19.05–86.54 mg/kg). Only 25% of courses (n = 34) had a trough concentration measured at the recommended time. The mean trough concentration was 11.6 mg/L (range < 2.0–39.7). Of 40 patients with a low trough concentration, 50% continued without dose adjustment.ConclusionAs shown in the literature, there is a poor correlation between the vancomycin dose given and the trough concentration achieved. Given that recommendations for trough concentration monitoring are designed to simplify the process yet are poorly adhered to, a strategic plan to address these issues is needed.
Licensing versus assignment: Innovation transfer in an asymmetric duopoly
Authors: Niu Shuai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSuppose that the relatively inefficient firm in an asymmetric duopoly market develops a nondrastic process innovation. To maximize returns on the innovation, the innovator must determine the most lucrative commercial policy. Should it be in‐house exploitation, or licensing or assignment? It turns out that the innovator never uses innovation exclusively. The choice of licensing or assignment depends on the size of the initial cost difference. When the initial cost difference is relatively small, the innovator would resort to licensing, whereas when there is a significant initial cost gap, the innovator would rather assign the property rights of the innovation to the rival. In the case of assignment, the assignee may license the innovation back to the assignor. With the option of reverse licensing, an assignment will always be more profitable than (direct) licensing. Interestingly, if the initial cost gap were sufficiently large, the innovator would exit the market postassignment, and thus act as an outside nonoperating licensor.
CXCL1 is upregulated during the development of ileus resulting in decreased intestinal contractile activity
Authors: Docsa Tibor , Bhattarai Deepa , Sipos Adam , Wade Charles E. , Cox Charles S. , Uray Karen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the development of ileus is widespread and negatively impacts patient outcomes, the mechanism by which ileus develops remains unclear. The purpose of our study was to examine the contribution of myogenic mechanisms to postoperative ileus development and the involvement of inflammation in mediating intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction.MethodsContractile activity and the effects of CXCL1 were studied in a gut manipulation model.Key ResultsContraction amplitude in the ileum decreased significantly, while tone increased significantly in response to gut manipulation. Differences in contraction amplitude were affected by tetrodotoxin at earlier time points, but not at later time points. Agonist‐induced contractions in the small intestine decreased significantly with ileus development. Intestinal transit slowed significantly after the induction of ileus. Myosin light chain phosphorylation was significantly decreased and edema increased significantly in the intestinal wall. Conditioned media from mechanically activated macrophages depressed intestinal contractile activity. CXCL1 (GroA) was significantly increased in the mechanically activated macrophages and intestinal smooth muscle within 1 hour after induction of ileus compared with control cells and sham animals, respectively. Treatment with CXCL1 significantly decreased contraction amplitude and agonist‐induced contractile activity and increased tone in the small intestine. In the gut manipulation model, treatment with a CXCR2 antagonist prevented the decrease in agonist‐induced contractile activity but not contraction amplitude.Conclusions & InferencesThese data suggest that CXCL1, released from macrophages during intestinal wall stress, can suppress intestinal contractile activity. CXCL1 is a potential target for preventing or treating ileus in trauma patients.
Cutaneous ultrasound and its utility in Pediatric Dermatology: Part II—Developmental anomalies and vascular lesions
Authors: Rodríguez Bandera Ana Isabel , Sebaratnam Deshan Frank , Feito Rodríguez Marta , de Lucas Laguna Raúl 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh‐frequency ultrasonography represents a promising tool for pediatric dermatologists. It is a noninvasive and harmless diagnostic technique that is especially appealing when working with children. It can be easily performed at the patient's bedside, avoiding diagnostic delays, sedation, or multiple visits. It represents a useful adjunct to clinical examination and aids our understanding of cutaneous pathology. In this second part, we describe the ultrasonographic findings of developmental anomalies and vascular lesions.
Does corporal punishment erode the quality of the mother–child interaction in early childhood?
Authors: Laible Deborah , Davis Alexandra , Karahuta Erin , Van Norden Clare 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCorporal punishment is believed to exert its influence partially on children's externalizing behavior by undermining the quality of parent‐child relationships, but empirical evidence for this belief is lacking. Thus, the goal of this study was to explore longitudinally whether the use of corporal punishment by mothers was associated with declining quality in parent‐child interactions and whether these declines mediated the links between corporal punishment and later externalizing behavior. Based on data from the NIHCD SECCYD, the findings from this study indicated that the links between the quality of parent‐child interaction and corporal punishment were bidirectional: high quality parent‐child interaction was associated with less use of subsequent corporal punishment by mothers, and maternal use of corporal punishment at 36 months was associated with declines in the quality of parent‐child interaction at 54 months. There were not significant indirect effects of corporal punishment at 36 months on grade 3 aggression through 54 month parent‐child interaction quality, however, which suggests other mechanisms might account for the links between early corporal punishment and later externalizing problems.
Network Analysis of ‘Urban Systems’: Potential, Challenges, and Pitfalls
Authors: Derudder Ben 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper critically reviews the urban systems literature adopting graph‐theoretical conceptions of 'network analysis'. A network‐analytical approach allows specifying and measuring how cities interact, the importance and roles of cities in these interactions, and some of the key characteristics of the urban system as a whole. Throughout the paper, the focus is on ‘world city network’ research. After an overview of how network analysis first entered this literature and subsequently developed into a vibrant research agenda, the paper clarifies the use of network analysis by comparing two different network approaches. This is then used to discuss the potential and challenges/pitfalls associated with the use of network analysis, respectively. It is argued that the combination of careful abstraction and the methodological opportunities offered by network analysis offers geographers a powerful methodological toolkit. At the same time, a permanent appraisal of the real versus the alleged potential of network analysis is needed.
Intertwined metal homeostasis, oxidative and biotic stress responses in the Arabidopsis frd3 mutant
Authors: Scheepers Maxime , Spielmann Julien , Boulanger Madeleine , Carnol Monique , Bosman Bernard , De Pauw Edwin , Goormaghtigh Erik , Motte Patrick , Hanikenne Marc 
Published: November 2019

SummaryFRD3 (FERRIC REDUCTASE DEFECTIVE 3) plays a major role in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) homeostasis in Arabidopsis. It transports citrate, which enables metal distribution in the plant. An frd3 mutant is dwarf and chlorotic and displays a constitutive Fe‐deficiency response and strongly altered metal distribution in tissues. Here, we have examined the interaction between Fe and Zn homeostasis in an frd3 mutant exposed to varying Zn supply. Detailed phenotyping using transcriptomic, ionomic, histochemical and spectroscopic approaches revealed the full complexity of the frd3 mutant phenotype, which resulted from altered transition metal homeostasis, manganese toxicity, and oxidative and biotic stress responses. The cell wall played a key role in these processes, as a site for Fe and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and displayed modified structure in the mutant. Finally, we showed that Zn excess interfered with these mechanisms and partially restored root growth of the mutant, without reverting the Fe‐deficiency response. In conclusion, the frd3 mutant molecular phenotype is more complex than previously described and illustrates how the response to metal imbalance depends on multiple signaling pathways.
Enhancing respiratory sinus arrhythmia increases cardiac output in rats with left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: O'Callaghan Erin L. , Lataro Renata M. , Roloff Eva L. , Chauhan Ashok S. , Salgado Helio C. , Duncan Edward , Nogaret Alain , Paton Julian F. R. 
Published: November 2019

Key points
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is physiological pacing of the heart that disappears in cardiovascular disease and is associated with poor cardiac prognosis.
In heart failure, cardiac pacing has little, if any, variation in rate at rest.
We proposed that reinstatement of respiratory sinus arrhythmia would improve cardiac function in rats with heart failure.
Heart failure rats were paced daily for 2 weeks with either respiratory sinus arrhythmia or paced monotonically at a matched heart rate; cardiac function was measured using non‐invasive echocardiography.
Cardiac output and stroke volume were increased in rats paced with respiratory sinus arrhythmia compared to monotonic pacing, via improvement in systolic function that persisted beyond the pacing treatment period.
We propose that respiratory sinus arrhythmia pacing reverse‐remodels the heart in heart failure and is worth considering as a new form of cardiac pacemaking.
AbstractNatural pacing of the heart results in heart rate variability, an indicator of good health and cardiac function. A contributor to heart rate variability is respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA – an intrinsic respiratory modulated pacing of heart rate. The loss of RSA is associated with poor cardiac prognosis and sudden cardiac death. We tested if reinstatement of respiratory‐modulated heart rate (RMH) would improve cardiac performance in heart failure. Heart failure was induced in Wistar rats by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats were unpaced, monotonically paced and RMH paced; the latter had the same average heart rate as the monotonically paced animals. Cardiac function was assessed non‐invasively using echocardiography before and after 2 weeks of daily pacing at a time when pacing was turned off. RMH increased cardiac output by 20 ± 8% compared to monotonic pacing (−3 ± 5%; P < 0.05). This improvement in cardiac output was associated with an increase in stroke volume compared to monotonic pacing (P = 0.03) and improvement in circumferential strain (P = 0.02). Improvements in ejection fraction (P = 0.08) and surrogate measures of left ventricle compliance did not reach significance. Increases in contractility (P < 0.05) and coronary blood flow (P < 0.05) were seen in vitro during variable pacing to mimic RMH. Thus, in rats with left ventricular dysfunction, chronic RMH pacing improved cardiac function through improvements in systolic function. As these improvements were made with pacing switched off, we propose the novel idea that RMH pacing causes reverse‐remodelling.
Injury frequency and characteristics (location, type, cause and severity) differed significantly among athletics (‘track and field’) disciplines during 14 international championships (2007–2018): implications for medical service planning
Authors: Edouard Pascal , Navarro Laurent , Branco Pedro , Gremeaux Vincent , Timpka Toomas , Junge Astrid 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo analyse differences between athletic disciplines in the frequency and characteristics of injuries during international athletics championships.MethodsStudy design, injury definition and data collection procedures were similar during the 14 international championships (2007–2018). National medical teams and local organising committee physicians reported all newly incurred injuries daily on a standardised injury report form. Results were presented as number of injuries and number of injuries per 1000 registered athletes, separately for male and female athletes, and for each discipline.ResultsFrom a total of 8925 male and 7614 female registered athletes, 928 injuries were reported in male and 597 in female athletes. The discipline accounting for the highest proportion of injuries was sprints, for both men (24%) and women (26%). The number of injuries per 1000 registered athletes varied between disciplines for men and women: highest in combined events for male athletes (235 (95% CI 189 to 281)) and female athletes (212 (95% CI 166 to 257)), and lowest for male throwers (47 (95% CI 35 to 59)) and female throwers (32 (95% CI 21 to 43)) and for female race walkers (42 (95% CI 19 to 66)). Injury characteristics varied significantly between disciplines for location, type, cause and severity in male and female athletes. Thigh muscle injuries were the main diagnoses in the disciplines sprints, hurdles, jumps, combined events and race walking, lower leg muscle injuries in marathon running, lower leg skin injury in middle and long distance running, and trunk muscle and lower leg muscle injuries in throws.ConclusionsInjury characteristics differed substantially between disciplines during international athletics championships. Strategies for medical service provision (eg, staff, facilities) during athletics championships should be discipline specific and be prepared for targeting the main injuries in each discipline.
The effect of old-age pensions on health care utilization patterns and insurance uptake in Mexico
Authors: Riumallo-Herl Carlos , Aguila Emma 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionAs old-age pensions continue to expand around the world in response to population ageing, policymakers increasingly wish to understand their impact on healthcare demand. In this paper, we examine the effects of supplemental income to older adults on healthcare use patterns, expenditures and insurance uptake in Yucatan, Mexico.MethodWe use a longitudinal survey for individuals aged 70 or older and an individual fixed-effects difference-in-difference approach to understand the effect of an income supplement on healthcare use patterns, out-of-pocket expenditures and health insurance uptake patterns.ResultsThe implementation of the old-age pension was associated with increased use of healthcare with nuanced effects on the type of care. Old-age pensions increase the use of formal healthcare by 15 percentage points (95% CI 6.1 to 23.9) for those with healthcare use at baseline and by 7.5 percentage points (95% CI 3.7 to 11.3) for those without healthcare use at baseline. We find no evidence of greater out-of-pocket expenditures, likely because old-age pensions were associated with a 4.2 percentage point (95% CI 1.5 to 6.9) increase in use of public health insurance.ConclusionOld-age pensions can shift healthcare demand towards formal services and eliminate financial barriers to basic care. Pension benefits can also increase the uptake of insurance programmes. These results demonstrate how social programmes can complement each other This highlights the potential role of old-age pensions in achieving universal health coverage for individuals at older ages.
Factors of non-responsive or lost-to-follow-up Japanese mothers during the first year post partum following the Japan Environment and Children’s Study: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Kigawa Mika , Tsuchida Akiko , Matsumura Kenta , Takamori Ayako , Ito Mika , Tanaka Tomomi , Hamazaki Kei , Adachi Yuichi , Saito Shigeru , Origasa Hideki , Inadera Hidekuni 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesWe examined the factors related to lost-to-follow-up of a birth cohort study during the first year after delivery.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingQuestionnaires were provided by mail. Mothers answered the questionnaires about the children twice: at 6 months and 1 year.ParticipantsOf 103 062 pregnancies who consented to participate in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), 93 417 mothers were included in the study after excluding those with multiple births, miscarriages or stillbirths and those who withdrew from the study within 1 year after providing informed consent.Primary and secondary outcome measuresParticipants’ socioeconomic status, medical history, health status, health-related behaviours, their children’s health conditions and living situations were collected by self-administered questionnaires during pregnancy or 1 month after delivery as the baseline survey. In addition, two self-administered questionnaires were distributed 6 months and 1 year after delivery. Using the response status of the two questionnaires after delivery, participants’ follow-up status was divided into four groups. The related factors were examined using logistic regression analysis.ResultsFactors positively correlated with lost-to-follow-up to the questionnaires were postpartum physical conditions, psychological distress during pregnancy, the child’s health status at birth, the child’s primary caregiver and the number of siblings of the child. Partners’ active participation in JECS was associated with a lower lost-to-follow-up rate to the two questionnaires, whereas inactive participation was positively associated with a higher lost-to-follow-up rate.ConclusionThe response rate to the questionnaires seems to be related to the interest and understanding of participants’ partners. In addition, the response rates are related to participants’ physical conditions and living conditions. To decrease lost-to-follow-up rates in consecutive questionnaire surveys within a cohort study, it may be important for investigators to recognise that participants and their motivation in research can be influenced by perceptions they may have regarding the objectives of the research.