bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hatching Traits and Post-Hatch Performance of Broiler Chickens on In Ovo Feeding of Aqueous Extracts of Garlic, Mushroom and Their Combination
Authors: Sogunle Olajide , Orhembetyoga Sesugh , Odutayo Olusola , Opowoye Ibiyemi , Idowu Olubukola , Abiona John , Olutayo Abayomi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Feeding embryos with exogenous feed components prior to hatching has been reported to positively improved the growth and immune response in poultry. This study investigated the effects of in ovo administration of aqueous extracts of garlic, oyster mushroom and their combination on hatching traits and post-hatch performance of broiler chickens. A total of 230 broiler hatching eggs were sorted and incubated. On candling, 200 (85.11 % fertility) fertile eggs were obtained and distributed into five treatments: control, in ovo injection of garlic, oyster mushroom, combination of garlic and oyster mushroom, and de-ionized water (SHAM) at 0.1 ml.egg-1 in each treatment. In ovo injection was done on 18th day of incubation. Data collected were subjected to One-Way Analysis of Variance. Chick weight was the highest (P < 0.05) in birds hatched from eggs injected with aqueous extracts of garlic (50.91 g per chick). The highest proportions (P < 0.05) of heart (0.65 %) and spleen (0.18 %) were observed in birds from eggs injected with oyster mushroom and the combination of garlic and oyster mushroom, respectively. Significantly highest lymphocyte counts (P < 0.05) were found in birds from eggs injected with aqueous extracts of garlic, and the combination of garlic and oyster mushroom. The best (P < 0.05) feed conversion rate (FCR) (1.82) was recorded in birds from eggs on in ovo injection of aqueous extract of oyster mushroom. The study suggests that in ovo injection of aqueous extracts of garlic and oyster mushroom at 0.1 ml per egg can enhance chick weight, heart, spleen functions and overall growth performance in broiler chickens.
Resource Management for Cognitive Radio-Based LoRaWAN
Authors: Balyan Vipin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The use of internet of thing (IoT) unbinds the race for wireless communication. The LoRaWAN can address the requirement generated by IoT devices in terms of long distance and power efficiency. Due to these reasons, network administrators are looking for unleashed unlicensed band to be utilized for the purpose of communication of long range (LoRa) nodes as secondary users (SUs) without affecting the licensed band (primary users [PUs]). In this paper, the unlicensed band is utilized while adopting slotted ALOHA to provide access to LoRa nodes. The LoRa nodes are in a cluster and each cluster has a gateway(s) that provides services to LoRa nodes in that area by assigning frequency, with the spreading factor (SF) depending upon their distance from the gateway. The network is aware of the spectrum map and can adapt itself when LoRa nodes join and leave the network dynamically. The simulation and results indicate that LoRaWAN performs better than a static network when used in a cognitive radio (CR) environment with knowledge of spectrum.
Climate Change Education in Curriculum Documents by The Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training: A Content Analysis
Authors: Oleksandr Kapranov 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The education sector has increasingly been involved in informing learners about the issue of climate change (Reid, 2019), given that this issue represents an existential threat to young people and, generally, to the human race (Sears, 2020). The education sector has responded to the urgency of climate change by proposing the notion of “climate change education”. It can be defined as the process of learning in the face of climate change-related risks and uncertainty (Stevenson et al., 2017). Climate change education is argued to aim at raising primary and secondary school students’ awareness of climate change and its consequences (Tang, 2024). Climate change education is embraced by the education sector in a number of Nordic countries, in particular, Norway (Seikkula-Leino et al., 2021). In Norway, for instance, climate change education seems to fall within the scope of The Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training (henceforth – The Directorate), which is responsible for the governance of the education sector from kindergarten to secondary school (Kapranov, 2021). To-date, however, there is no published research on how climate change education is represented in The Directorate’s curriculum documents that pertain to pre-primary, primary, and secondary school curricula. Seeking to bridge the current research gap, the article presents a study that looks into this underresearched aspect by means of analysing a corpus of The Directorate’s curriculum documents available on its official homepage https://www.udir.no/. The corpus of The Directorate’s curriculum documents is investigated in the study by applying an approach to content analysis developed by Krippendorff (2004). The results of the content analysis indicate that climate change education appears to be represented in the corpus in a rather disproportionate manner. Specifically, climate change education is addressed, predominantly, in the curriculum documents in sciences in upper secondary school, whereas it is substantially underrepresented in curriculum documents on pre-primary and primary school levels. These and other findings are further discussed in the article. The article concludes with a range of practical suggestions that arise out of the present findings.
Study of Diluted Acid Hydrolysis of Coffee Husk Aiming At Obtaining Fermentable Sugars
Authors: Sarrouh Boutros , Rodrigues Daniel de Freitas , Cunha Filho Roberto Guimarães da , Rodrigues Júnior Antônio Fernandes , Moraes Eduardo Roberto Garcia de , Lofrano Renata Carolina Zanetti 
Published: December 2024

Objective: This work aims to optimize the dilute acid hydrolysis of coffee husks for the production of fermentable sugars of industrial interest.

Theoretical Framework: The reuse of lignocellulosic biomass is limited due to the way its chemical components are linked together. Hydrolysis with dilute acid can be applied to various agro-industrial plant residues, to promote the solubilization of the hemicellulose fraction into fermentable sugars.

Method: After the cleaning, grinding and drying steps, the husk was submitted to the pretreatment process with diluted sulfuric acid through a 23 factorial design complete with three central point. The variables evaluated were reaction temperature(oC), acid concentration (% v/v) and reaction time (min). The data obtained from the hydrolysis assays were statistically evaluated using the analysis of variance procedure (ANOVA) and the response surface technique.

Results and Discussion: : According to the results obtained, it was verified that the optimized conditions were, temperature of 120 ºC, sulfuric acid concentration of 5% (v/v) and reaction time of 10 min. Under these optimal conditions, the maximum recovery of reducing sugars was 27 g/L. Considering that the hemicellulose fraction constitutes 30% of the coffee husk (30 g/L of theoretical reducing sugars).

Research Implications: According to the obtained results, t was observed acid hydrolysis was able to release 90% fermentable sugars under optimized conditions.

Originality/Value: This work highlights the potential production of fermentable sugars by dilute acid hydrolysis using coffee husk as renewable biomass.
Kesantunan Tindak Tutur Direktif Dialog Film “Insayaallah Sah” Karya Benni Setiawan: Kajian Pragmatik
Authors: Wahyu Saputra Aditya Dwi , Saptomo Sri Wahono , Pardyatmoko  
Published: December 2024

Tindak tutur berorientasi pesan, yaitu bahasa dapat digunakan untuk mempengaruhi orang lain. Oleh karena itu, seseorang dalam berkomunikasi harus memperhatikan Kesantunan berbahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesantunan tindak tutur direktif dialog film insyaallah sah karya Benni Setiawan. Permasalahan yang diangkat adalah bagaimana pola kesantunan dan bagaimana macam-macam kesantunan tindak tutur direktif dialog film insyaallah sah karya Benni Setiawan. Metode deskriptif ini digunakan untuk mencatat secara teliti dimana semua fenomena kebahasan apa adanya, selanjutnya mendeskripsikan apa adanya hasil dari pengumpulan data yang sebenarnya. Data penelitian ini berupa kesantuan tindak tutur direktif dialog film insyaallah sah karya Benni Setiawan. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data adalah teknik simak, rekam, transkripsi, dan catat. Hasil dari penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: kesantunan tindak tutur direktif dialog film Insyaallah Sah Karya Benni Setiawan, terdapat dua point dalam penelitian ini yaitu poin pertama pola Kesantunan: direktif perintah, direktif permintaan, direktif ajakan, direktif nasehat, direktif larangan, Point kedua macam-macam kesantunan terdapat: masim kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim pujian, maksim kerendahan hati, maksim pemufakatan, maksim kesimpatian.
Charting New Pathways to Form Wolf–Rayet Stars at Low Metallicities
Authors: Pauli Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Low-metallicity Wolf–Rayet (WR) populations, such as the one of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), are expected to be slightly influenced by metallicity-dependent effects, such as envelope inflation, which typically positions stars at cooler temperatures. Consequently, these populations should be easier to understand from a theoretical point of view. Yet, the observed bimodal temperature distribution of WR stars in the SMC cannot be explained by existing single-star or binary evolution models. To better understand the observed temperature distribution of WR stars in the SMC, the role of the evolutionary secondary and its response to mass transfer is studied here in detail. To achieve this, I calculated a small grid of binary evolution models at the SMC metallicity, that follows the evolution of both the primary and secondary stars in detail. The analysis of the new binary evolution models suggests that hot (T ≈ 100 kK), hydrogen-poor WN-type stars are the descendants of “ordinary” primary stars or secondaries that have accreted less than a few percent of their initial mass. In contrast, moderate-temperature (T ≈ 50 kK) WN stars can emerge through two channels: (i) as former accretors that underwent rejuvenation, altering their interior structure and leading to higher surface oxygen abundances (XO = 20×10−5) after mass-transfer, or (ii) as luminous stars experiencing envelope inflation, that exhibit surface oxygen abundances in accordance with the CNO-equilibrium value (XO = 2×10−5). The first observational evidence supporting this hypothesis comes from the WR star SMC AB 4, whose optical spectra can only be explained with a stellar atmosphere model having a surface oxygen abundance one order of magnitude higher than the CNO-equilibrium value. Following the binary evolution models, secondary stars that have accreted mass relatively conservatively and, thus, got rejuvenated will evolve at low metallicity into WN stars with moderate temperatures and should be accompanied by a compact object. This would imply that the WN-type star SMC AB 4 should have a so far unseen compact companion. Future spectroscopic surveys focusing on surface oxygen abundances and multiplicity among SMC WR stars are key to further understanding massive star evolution and the role of binarity in forming WR stars in low-metallicity environments.
Theoretical Expectations for High-mass X-ray Binaries, Supernova Remnants, and their Evolutionary Paths: A Review for LIAC41: the Eventful Life of Stellar Multiples
Authors: Mandel Ilya 
Published: December 2024

In this invited talk at the 41st Liège International Astrophysical Colloquium on “The eventful life of massive star multiples,” I reviewed some aspects of our current understanding of neutron stars and black holes as end products of stellar evolution as well as the evolutionary paths leading to the formation of high-mass X-ray binaries.
Adaptation of a Convolutional Neural Network–based Pipeline to Detect Short Gravitational Wave Bursts
Authors: Pracchia Matteo 
Published: December 2024

We present a machine learning based pipeline to analyze unmodeled gravitational wave (GW) transients of less than 10 s. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is based on a U-NET architecture and takes as input data from GW interferometers represented as time-frequency maps, returning a spectrogram without the background noise. The CNN has been trained on simulated data, using a generated Gaussian background noise and injecting GW signals from core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) simulations. The pipeline is able to successfully denoise spectrograms and recognize as signals also CCSNe waveforms for which it has not been trained on.
НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ПОЛНОТЫ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ РЕСУРСОВ ПРИ РАЗРАБОТКЕ РОССЫПЕЙ
Authors: Аленичев Виктор Михайлович 
Published: December 2024

Росгеолфонд и его территориальные фонды актуализируют горно-геологическую информацию за счет непрерывного пополнения и накопления оперативных сведений, поступающих в обязательном порядке от недропользователей, что обеспечивает получение достоверных геоданных, необходимых при обосновании эффективных и ресурсосберегающих геотехнологий для разработки природных россыпей и техногенных золотосодержащих образований. Предложена структура потерь полезного компонента при открытой раздельной разработке россыпей. Повышение полноты извлечения ресурсов при разработке россыпей достигается при своевременной корректировке инженерных решений, принимаемых на основе актуализированных горно-геологических данных с пространственной привязкой их к горно-технологической информационной системе и оценке содержания полезного компонента и его распределения в пространстве техногенного образования путем трансформации дискретных (точечных) геоданных с использованием геостатистических и вероятностно-статистических методов анализа.
Rosgeolfond and its territorial funds update mining and geological information due to the continuous replenishment and accumulation of operational information received without failure from subsoil users, which ensures the receipt of reliable geodata necessary for the justification of effective and resource-saving geotechnologies for the development of natural placers and man-made gold-bearing formations. The paper propose the structure of the losses of the useful component in the open-cut development of placers. An increase in the completeness of resource extraction during placer development is to achieve with timely adjustment of engineering decisions made on the basis of updated mining and geological data with spatial reference to the mining and technological information system and assessment of the content of the useful component and its distribution in the space of technogenic formation, by transformation of discrete (pointwise) geodata, using geostatistical and probabilistic statistical analysis methods.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПРОТИВОФИЛЬТРАЦИОННЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ НА ШЛАМОХРАНИЛИЩАХ
Authors: Рыбникова Людмила Сергеевна , Рыбников Петр Андреевич , Смирнов Александр Юрьевич 
Published: December 2024

Поверхностные источники загрязнения, оказывающие негативное влияние на грунтовые воды, - это до 70 - 80 % накопители прудкового типа: шламо-, хвостохранилища, пруды-накопители. Шламохранилища представляют собой гидротехнические сооружения, основной задачей которых служит отстаивание суспензии под действием силы тяжести, фильтрация и последующее безопасное хранение твердой фазы отходов. Независимо от выбора конкретного способа строительства шламохранилищ в каждом из типовых видов ограждающих дамб и оснований предусматриваются решения, направленные на максимальную минимизацию фильтрации. Немаловажное влияние на режим фильтрации оказывает пространственное положение дамбы по отношению к окружающему рельефу. Целью данной статьи являлся анализ механизмов фильтрации вод через тело дамбы шламохранилища, организации противофильтрационных мероприятий с целью уменьшения распространения загрязнения накопителей промстоков. Показаны преимущества и недостатки грунтово-пленочных экранов различного типа, способы их организации; особенности применения систем дренажа в основании и низовом откосе дамбы.
Up to 70-80% of surface pollution sources that have a negative impact on groundwater are pond-type storage tanks: sludge, tailings, and storage ponds. Sludge storage facilities are hydraulic structures, the main task of which is to settle the suspension under the action of gravity, filtration and subsequent safe storage of the solid waste. Regardless of the choice of a specific method for the construction of sludge storage facilities, in each of the special types of enclosing dams and foundations, solutions are provided aiming at minimizing filtration. An important influence on the filtration regime is exerted by the spatial position of the dam in relation to the surrounding relief. The purpose of this article is to analyze the mechanisms of water filtration through the body of the sludge storage dam, the organization of anti-filtration measures in order to reduce the spread of pollution of industrial effluents. It considers the advantages and disadvantages of impervious screens of various types, ways of organizing; features of the use of drainage systems in the base and downstream slope of the dam.
ОЦЕНКА РАБОТОСПОСОБНОСТИ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОПТИМАЛЬНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СКВАЖИННЫХ ЗАРЯДОВ ЭМУЛЬСИОННЫХ ВЗРЫВЧАТЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ ПРИ ВЗРЫВЕ В ГОРНЫХ ПОРОДАХ
Authors: Кантор Вениамин Хаимович 
Published: December 2024

Приведена методика оценки взрывотехнических параметров ВВ и их взрывной эффективности при идеальном детонационном процессе развития взрыва. Рассмотрены вопросы проведенных аналитических исследований по обоснованию параметров промежуточных детонаторов различного диаметра. Выполнено сравнение порошкообразных, эмульсионных патронированных и литых тротиловых шашек детонаторов. Показано, что детонационные характеристики промежуточного детонатора имеют достаточно ограниченное влияние на развитие детонационного процесса в скважинных зарядах ВВ по сравнению с влиянием его массогабаритных параметров. Диаметр промежуточного детонатора преимущественно определяет численные значения полного детонационного импульса и полной энергии активной массы заряда.
The article presents a methodology of assessing the explosive technical parameters of explosive materials and their explosive effectiveness in an ideal detonation process of explosion development. It considers the issues of analytical studies conducted to substantiate the parameters of intermediate detonators of various diameters. A comparison of powdered, emulsion-chambered and cast TNT blocks of detonators has been carried out. It is shown that the detonation characteristics of the intermediate detonator have quite limited effect on the detonation process of downhole explosive charges compared with the influence of it mass and size parameters. The diameter of the intermediate detonator mainly determines the numerical values of the total detonation pulse and the total energy of the active mass of the charge.
АНАЛИЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ МЕТОДИК РАСЧЕТА СКОРОСТИ ДЕТОНАЦИИ ВЗРЫВЧАТЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ
Authors: Меньшиков Павел Владимирович , Кутуев Вячеслав Александрович , Жариков Сергей Николаевич 
Published: December 2024

Представлено описание гидродинамической теории детонации и известные классические методики расчета скорости детонации на основе законов сохранения условия Чепмена-Жуге и уравнения состояния и термодинамические методы расчета скорости детонации, основанные на теплоте взрыва и составе продуктов детонации. Проведен расчет скорости детонации промышленных эмульсионных ВВ (ЭВВ) порэмит-1А, нитронит Э-70, Э-100 и фортис 70, 85, 100 по методам расчета с учетом энергетической характеристики, теплоты взрыва эталонного ВВ, идеальной скорости детонации по А.Л. Кривченко, а также по формулам А.Н. Дремина и К.К. Шведова в смесевых системах для любой плотности и при совмещенном выражении для уравнения состояния и условия Чепмена-Жуге, с учетом уравнения состояния газов Ван-дер-Ваальса, с применением уравнения Клайперона, формулы Вьеля с учетом неидеальности продуктов взрыва и формулы Таффанеля и Дотриша с использованием условия минимума скорости детонации и уравнения состояния продуктов взрыва. Проведен анализ расчетных значений скорости детонации с данными из Технических Условий и измеренными величинами.
The article describes the hydrodynamic theory of detonation and well-known classical methods for calculating the detonation velocity based on conservation laws of the Chapman-Jouguet condition and equations of state and thermodynamic methods for calculating the detonation velocity based on the heat of the explosion and the composition of the detonation products. The calculation of the detonation velocity of industrial emulsion explosives poremit-1A, nitronite E-70, E-100 and fortis 70, 85, 100 was carried out using calculation methods taking into account the energy characteristics, the heat of explosion of the reference explosive, the ideal detonation velocity, according to Krivchenko A. L., as well as according to the formulas of A. N. Dremin and K. K. Shvedov in mixed systems for any density and with a combined expression for the equation of state and the Chapman-Jouguet condition, taking into account the Van der Waals gas equation of state, using Claiperon's equations, Viel's formulas taking into account the non-ideality of the explosion products, and the Taffanel and Dotrice formulas, using the detonation velocity minimum condition and the equation of state of the explosion products. An analysis of the calculated values of the detonation velocity with the data from the Technical Conditions and the measured values was carried out.