bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Real-Time System Identification to Detect Abnormal Operations in a Gas Turbine Cycle
Authors: Bonilla-Alvarado Harry , Bryden Kenneth M. , Shadle Lawrence , Tucker David , Pezzini Paolo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a novel online system identification methodology for monitoring the performance of power systems. This methodology was demonstrated in a gas turbine recuperated power plant designed for a hybrid configuration. A 120-kW Garrett microturbine modified to test dynamic control strategies for hybrid power systems designed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) was used to implement and validate this online system identification methodology. The main component of this methodology consists of an empirical transfer function model implemented in parallel to the turbine speed operation and the fuel control valve, which can monitor the process response of the gas turbine system while it is operating. During fully closed-loop operations or automated control, the output of the controller, fuel valve position, and the turbine speed measurements were fed for a given period of time to a recursive algorithm that determined the transfer function parameters during the nominal condition. After the new parameters were calculated, they were fed into the transfer function model for online prediction. The turbine speed measurement was compared against the transfer function prediction, and a control logic was implemented to capture when the system operated at nominal or abnormal conditions. To validate the ability to detect abnormal conditions during dynamic operations, drifting in the performance of the gas turbine system was evaluated. A leak in the turbomachinery working fluid was emulated by bleeding 10% of the airflow from the compressor discharge to the atmosphere, and electrical load steps were performed before and after the leak. This tool could detect the leak 7 s after it had occurred, which accounted for a fuel flow increase of approximately 15.8% to maintain the same load and constant turbine speed operations.
Active Heating of Outdoor Swimming Pool Water Using Different Solar Collector Systems
Authors: Singh A. K. , Tiwari G. N. , Singh R. G. , Singh R. K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this communication, a theoretical thermal model has been developed by using basic energy balance equation for outdoor swimming pool in terms of design and climatic parameters. An analytical expression for swimming pool water temperature has been obtained to optimize the design parameters to get an optimum temperature of swimming pool by using solar energy. For general analysis, an integration of photo-voltaic thermal (PVT)-compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) collectors with swimming pool water has been proposed along with special cases, namely, (i) evacuated tube collectors, (ii) conventional flat plate collectors (FPCs), (iii) CPC–FPCs, and (iv) PVT flat plate collectors. Numerical computations have been carried out for cold climatic condition of Srinagar, India. The effect of sensitive parameters on thermal and electrical performance of swimming pool has also been carried out.
Methodological and Technical Aspects of a Two-Degrees-of-Freedom Hardware-In-the-Loop Setup for Wind Tunnel Tests of Floating Systems
Authors: Ambrosini Simone , Bayati Ilmas , Facchinetti Alan , Belloli Marco 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the methodological and technical aspects of the implementation of a hardware-in-the-loop experimental setup, suitable to simulate the dynamics of a floating system in wind tunnel experiments. The presented work is based on the specific application of a floating offshore wind turbine scale model, even if the approach holds also for floating systems in general, being subjected to the simultaneous action of wind and waves. The setup is based on a two degrees-of-freedom system, providing the motion of the floating system along surge and pitch. With reference to the implementation of the HIL test methodology the following topics are thoroughly analyzed: scaling issues, numerical issues, mechanical system characterization, force corrections, measurement, and signal processing. For each of these topics the methodological approach is presented, and the technical issues are described. A subset of results is then reported to show the effectiveness of such experimental apparatus, for different sea states: still water, regular, and irregular waves.
Experimental Investigation on the Lumped Model of Nonlinear Rocker–Rocker Mechanism With Flexible Coupler
Authors: Chang Ren-Jung , Wang Ying-Chuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The nonlinear and flexible effects on the continuum dynamics of rocker–rocker flexible mechanism are investigated. An experimental rocker–rocker mechanism with flexible coupler was first established. The flexible mechanism which incorporats the buckling motion of flexible coupler is acted as a double-well oscillator. The mechanism was actuated by electromagnet and measured by charge-coupled device (CCD) visual system. Rich dynamic behavior such as complex period, amplitude modulation, and chaos in the intrawell and interwell oscillations were observed. For investigating nonlinear dynamics, the dynamic behavior was analyzed through identification of linear and nonlinear lumped models. Both time-domain and frequency-domain approaches were carried out in identifying linear time-invariant model. Averaging multiple models were employed for the time-domain identification of linear model. The identification of nonlinear model was undertaken by the extension of the two-stage linear identification scheme. The response identification in input space was analyzed by utilizing semi-analytical harmonic balance method. The important boundary of chaotic response in operation was investigated by the proposed energy-well criterion, Melnikov's criterion, Moon's criterion, as well as Szemplińska-Stupnicka and Rudowski's criterion.
The Effects of In-Season, Low-Volume Sprint Interval Training With and Without Sport-Specific Actions on the Physical Characteristics of Elite Academy Rugby League Players
Authors: Dobbin Nick , Highton Jamie , Moss Samantha L. , Twist Craig 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To determine the utility of running-only and rugby-specific, in-season sprint interval interventions in professional rugby league players. Methods: Thirty-one professional academy rugby players were assigned to a rugby-specific (SITr/s, n = 16) or running-only (SITr, n = 15) sprint interval training group. Measures of speed, power, change of direction ability, prone Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Yo-Yo IR1) performance, and heart rate recovery were taken before and after the 2-week intervention as were submaximal responses to the prone Yo-Yo IR1. Internal, external, and perceptual responses were collected during SITr/s and SITr, with well-being and neuromuscular function assessed before each session. Results: Despite contrasting (possible to most likely) internal, external, and perceptual responses to the SIT interventions, possible to most likely within-group improvements in physical characteristics, heart rate recovery, and submaximal responses to the prone Yo-Yo IR1 were observed after both interventions. Between-group analysis favored the SITr/s intervention (trivial to moderate) for changes in 10-m sprint time, countermovement jump, change of direction, and medicine ball throw as well as submaximal (280–440 m) high metabolic power, PlayerLoad™, and acceleration distance during the prone Yo-Yo IR1. Overall changes in well-being or neuromuscular function were unclear. Conclusions: Two weeks of SITr/s and SITr were effective for improving physical characteristics, heart rate recovery, and submaximal responses to the prone Yo-Yo IR1, with no clear change in well-being and neuromuscular function. Between-group analysis favored the SITr/s group, suggesting that the inclusion of sport-specific actions should be considered for in-season conditioning of rugby league players.
Hepatic epitheloid haemangioendothelioma: a rare malignant tumour
Authors: Lund Pernille Strecker , Willemoe Gro Linno , Hansen Lasse Bremholm , Warnecke Mads 
Published: January 2020

Our case concerns a 66-year-old man. After experiencing recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, an initial CT scan, ultrasound and gastroscopy was carried out. All of which showed normal findings.As a consequence of persisting symptoms, another CT scan was performed. This scan revealed a hypodense area in the right lobe of the liver. This was interpreted as a possible haemangioma. Subsequent MRI scans indicated an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. A final ultrasound-guided liver biopsy was performed and histology demonstrated epitheloid haemangioendothelioma, which was locally advanced and inoperable.
An umbrella review comparing computer-assisted and conventional total joint arthroplasty: quality assessment and summary of evidence
Authors: Hasan Mohamed Mosaad , Zhang Manrui , Beal Matthew , Ghomrawi Hassan M K 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundSystematic reviews (SRs) of computer-assisted (CA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) report conflicting evidence on its superiority over conventional surgery. Little is known about the quality of these SRs; variability in their methodological quality may be a contributing factor. We evaluated the methodological quality of all published SRs to date, summarized and examined the consistency of the evidence generated by these SRs.MethodsWe searched four databases through December 31, 2018. A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) was applied to assess the methodological quality. Evidence from included meta-analyses on functional, radiological and patient-safety outcomes was summarized. The corrected covered area was calculated to assess the overlap between SRs in including the primary studies.ResultsBased on AMSTAR 2, confidence was critically low in 39 of the 42 included SRs and low in 3 SRs. Low rating was mainly due to failure in developing a review protocol (90.5%); providing a list of excluded studies (81%); accounting for risk of bias when discussing the results (67%); using a comprehensive search strategy (50%); and investigating publication bias (50%). Despite inconsistency between SR findings comparing functional, radiological and patient safety outcomes for CA and conventional procedures, most TKA meta-analyses favored CA TKA, whereas most THA meta-analyses showed no difference. Moderate overlap was observed among TKA SRs and high overlap among THA SRs.ConclusionsDespite conclusions of meta-analyses favoring CA arthroplasty, decision makers adopting this technology should be aware of the low confidence in the results of the included SRs. To improve confidence in future SRs, journals should consider using a methodological assessment tool to evaluate the SRs prior to making a publication decision.
Maternal education and language development at 2 years corrected age in children born very preterm: results from a European population-based cohort study
Authors: Sentenac Mariane , Johnson Samantha , Charkaluk Marie-Laure , Sëppanen Anna-Veera , Aden Ulrika , Cuttini Marina , Maier Rolf , Mannamaa Mairi , Zeitlin Jennifer 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundSocioeconomic factors influence language development in the general population, but the association remains poorly documented in children born very preterm (VPT). We assessed the impact of maternal education on language development in children born VPT and effect modification by perinatal risk.MethodsData were from the Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) population-based cohort of children born <32 weeks’ gestational age (GA) in 2011/2012. Regions from six countries (Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and UK) used a validated short form MacArthur Developmental Communicative Inventories Checklist to assess language at 2 years corrected age. Perinatal variables were collected from clinical records. We assessed expressive language delay (ELD), defined as (a) not combining words; and (b) expressive vocabulary <10th percentile of norms for age and sex. Perinatal risk (low, moderate and high) was determined using GA, small for GA and neonatal morbidities. We estimated adjusted risk ratios (aRR) of ELD by maternal education with inverse weighting to account for non-response bias.ResultsOf 2741 children, 24.6% were not combining words and 39.7% had a low expressive vocabulary. Low maternal education (lower secondary or less compared with a bachelor’s degree or more) increased risks of ELD: not combining words: aRR=1.52 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.69); low expressive vocabulary: aRR=1.25 (1.04 to 1.51). For children with low perinatal risk, the aRR were 1.88 (1.26 to 2.80) and 1.44 (1.06 to 1.95), respectively, compared with those with high perinatal risks: 1.36 (1.10 to 1.67) and 1.11 (0.97 to 1.27), respectively.ConclusionLow maternal education affects ELD for children born VPT, although the association appears attenuated among those with highest perinatal risk.
Response and outcomes after anti-CTLA4 versus anti-PD1 combined with stereotactic body radiation therapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: retrospective analysis of two single-institution prospective trials
Authors: Chen Dawei , Menon Hari , Verma Vivek , Guo Chunxiao , Ramapriyan Rishab , Barsoumian Hampartsoum , Younes Ahmed , Hu Yun , Wasley Mark , Cortez Maria Angelica , Welsh James 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThis study compared response rates and outcomes of combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy (iRT) based on the type of checkpoint inhibitor (anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) vs antiprogrammed death-1 (PD1)) for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed two prospective trials of radiation combined with anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 for patients with mNSCLC. Patients undergoing non-salvage stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to lung sites were selected from both trials and grouped by the immunotherapeutic compound received. Endpoints included in-field and out-of-field response rates, and overall response rate (complete or partial response) (all by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsMedian follow-up times for the 33 patients (n=17 SBRT+anti-CTLA4, n=16 SBRT+anti-PD1) were 19.6 and 19.9 months. Response rates for out-of-field lesions were similar between anti-PD1 (37%) and anti-CTLA4 (24%) (p=0.054). However, global response rates for all lesions were 24% anti-CTLA4 vs 56% anti-PD1 (p=0.194). The PFS was 76% for anti-CTLA4 vs 94% anti-PD1 at 3 months, 52% vs 87% at 6 months, 31% vs 80% at 12 months, and 23% vs 63% at 18 months (p=0.02). Respective OS values were 76% vs 87% at 6 months, 47% vs 80% at 12 months, and 39% vs 66% at 18 months (p=0.08).ConclusionsBoth anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 agents prompt a similar degree of in-field and out-of-field responses after iRT, although the global response rate and PFS were statistically higher in the anti-PD1 cohort. Further dedicated study and biological mechanistic assessment is required.Trial registration numbersNCT02239900andNCT02444741.
Germline mutations in the new E1’ cryptic exon of the VHL gene in patients with tumours of von Hippel-Lindau disease spectrum or with paraganglioma
Authors: Buffet Alexandre , Calsina Bruna , Flores Shahida , Giraud Sophie , Lenglet Marion , Romanet Pauline , Deflorenne Elisa , Aller Javier , Bourdeau Isabelle , Bressac-de Paillerets Brigitte , Calatayud María , Dehais Caroline , De Mones Del Pujol Erwan , Elenkova Atanaska , Herman Philippe , Kamenický Peter , Lejeune Sophie , Sadoul Jean Louis , Barlier Anne , Richard Stephane , Favier Judith , Burnichon Nelly , Gardie Betty , Dahia Patricia L , Robledo Mercedes , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundsThe incidence of germline mutations in the newly discovered cryptic exon (E1’) of VHL gene in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease and in patients with paraganglioma or pheochromocytoma (PPGL) is not currently known.MethodsWe studied a large international multicentre cohort of 1167 patients with a previous negative genetic testing. Germline DNA from 75 patients with a single tumour of the VHL spectrum (‘Single VHL tumour’ cohort), 70 patients with multiple tumours of the VHL spectrum (‘Multiple VHL tumours’ cohort), 76 patients with a VHL disease as described in the literature (‘VHL-like’ cohort) and 946 patients with a PPGL were screened for E1’ genetic variants.ResultsSix different genetic variants in E1' were detected in 12 patients. Two were classified as pathogenic, 3 as variants of unknown significance and 1 as benign. The rs139622356 was found in seven unrelated patients but described in only 16 patients out of the 31 390 of the Genome Aggregation Database (p<0.0001) suggesting that this variant might be either a recurrent mutation or a modifier mutation conferring a risk for the development of tumours and cancers of the VHL spectrum.ConclusionsVHL E1’ cryptic exon mutations contribute to 1.32% (1/76) of ‘VHL-like’ cohort and to 0.11% (1/946) of PPGL cohort and should be screened in patients with clinical suspicion of VHL, and added to panels for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) diagnostic testing of hereditary PPGL. Our data highlight the importance of studying variants identified in deep intronic sequences, which would have been missed by examining only coding sequences of genes/exomes. These variants will likely be more frequently detected and studied with the upcoming implementation of whole-genome sequencing into clinical practice.
Conflict-related sexual violence: a review
Authors: Stachow Ela 
Published: January 2020

Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is a concerning yet prevalent feature of historical and current conflict. The term encompasses any form of sexual violence associated with conflict, including rape, sexual assault and forced marriage or prostitution. Acts of CRSV have been perpetrated by both military personnel and civilians against men, women and children. The aetiology of CRSV is complex and unique to each conflict and circumstance. It may arise as a deliberate tactic of war or as opportunistic criminal acts at times of the relative lawlessness resulting from conflict. CRSV can also be related to certain sociocultural attitudes surrounding conflict.CRSV can result in profound medical, psychological and social sequelae for victims and management requires a holistic approach to address these. The global political response to CRSV has been gaining momentum in recent decades. Although the practical reaction to political stances has been limited at times, some consistent messages have arisen from collaborative work between the United Nations and other multinational bodies. Advances have also been made in the judicial response to CRSV.Due to the widespread nature of the issue, there is the potential for the exposure of Defence Medical Services (DMS) personnel to CRSV. This may occur while operating in a conflict zone or when participating in humanitarian operations. DMS personnel should maintain an awareness of the prevalence of CRSV and of any current political measures in place to tackle it. When appropriate, CRSV should feature in operational medical planning and pre-deployment training to assist personnel in managing any cases they encounter.
2,4-D exposure and urinary markers of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation: a longitudinal study
Authors: Lerro Catherine Chase , Andreotti Gabriella , Wong Jason YY , Blair Aaron , Rothman Nathaniel , Beane Freeman Laura E 
Published: January 2020

Objective2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide that is commonly used commercially, agriculturally and residentially worldwide. There is concern about its potential for carcinogenicity based on studies in laboratory animals demonstrating the potential for induction of oxidative stress. We conducted a longitudinal biomarker study of 31 pesticide applicators in Kansas who heavily applied 2,4-D and 34 non-applicator controls.MethodsWe used multivariable generalised linear mixed-effect models to evaluate the association between urinary 2,4-D and natural log-transformed 8-iso prostaglandin F2α (8-isoprostane) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), adjusting for urinary creatinine, age, tobacco use and concomitant use of the herbicide picloram.ResultsCompared with non-applicator controls, urinary 2,4-D in the third quartile of exposure was associated with elevated 8-isoprostane (eβ=1.38, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.84). There was no association among the highest exposed and no exposure-response trend. 2,4-D exposure was not associated with 8-OHdG. Results were unchanged when restricted to participants who only applied 2,4-D (no picloram use).ConclusionsWe did not find evidence that increasing 2,4-D exposure was associated with 8-isoprostane or 8-OHdG. Future work should carefully evaluate potential confounders of this association, such as diet and physical activity, as well as additional biological markers of oxidative stress and damage.
Effects of dietary Korean garlic extract aged byLeuconostoc mesenteroidesKCCM35046 on growth performance, digestibility, blood profiles, gas emissions, and microbiota in weanling pigs
Authors: Cho J.H. , Liu S.D. , Kim I.H. 
Published: January 2020

A total of 150 crossbred pigs [(Duroc × Yorkshire) × Landrace; body weight (BW) = 5.74 ± 1.15 kg; weaned at day 21 after birth] were assigned to one of five dietary treatments (six pens per treatment and five pigs per pen) by BW and sex (two barrows and three gilts) for a 6 wk experiment. The pen was considered the experimental unit in the statistical model. Treatments were corn–soybean meal diets supplemented with 0.0033% tiamulin as well as 0%, 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.20% fermented garlic (FG). The average daily gain, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio were linearly (p < 0.05) increased by FG inclusion during days 21–42 and days 0–42. Dietary supplementation of FG linearly increased (p < 0.05) the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy as well as blood immunoglobulin G concentration during week 6. The fecal ammonia (NH3), total mercaptan emissions, and Escherichia coli counts were linearly (p < 0.05) reduced by FG in the diet. Dietary supplementation of FG increased (p < 0.05) ADFI during days 21–42 and days 0–42 and reduced (p < 0.05) fecal NH3emissions compared with pigs fed tiamulin. In conclusion, the results indicate that FG can enhance growth performance and digestibility, and reduce fecal E. coli counts as well as fecal gas emissions in weanling pigs.
Can oscillating neutrino states be formulated universally?
Authors: Tureanu Anca 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA standing problem in neutrino physics is the consistent and universal definition of oscillating neutrino states as coherent superpositions of massive neutrino states. This problem is solved in a quantum field theoretical framework of neutrino mixing developed in analogy with the Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model for the dynamical generation of nucleon masses. The massive neutrino states are Bogoliubov quasiparticles and their vacuum is a condensate of “Cooper pairs” of massless flavour neutrinos. Their superpositions as oscillating neutrino states have intrinsic quantum coherence by construction. In this quantization framework, the standard phenomenological flavour neutrino states and oscillation probability formula are validated in the ultrarelativistic approximation.