bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Variability of Fog in Poland
Authors: Zawadzka‐Manko Olga , Markowicz Krzysztof M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFog phenomena are frequent natural hazards, sensitive to meteorological parameters, with significant impacts on visibility and transportation that may evolve under ongoing climate change. This study analyzes the spatial transformation and trends in fog properties in Poland from 1973 to 2020. The research utilises synoptic measurements from IMGW‐PIB, the Integrated Surface Database, and long‐term emissions data from the Peking University repository. To evaluate the influence of various factors on fog properties, a Random Forest Regressor model was employed. Results indicate regional variation in fog frequency, with higher occurrences (69–77 days/year) at certain stations (Zielona‐Góra, Chojnice, Kielce) and lower frequencies in coastal areas (below 40 days/year). The duration of fog events ranges from 3.7 to 6.1 h/day, with visibility between 380 and 590 m. Trends in fog days shifted from a decline of 8.4 days/decade before 1990 to 4.4 days/decade afterwards. While central and northern Poland experienced a reduction in fog days pre‐1990, an increase was observed in the southern regions. Post‐1990, fog duration decreased significantly (−0.45 h/decade). Meteorological factors were found to influence fog occurrence strongly. Days with low wind speeds (< 3 m/s) showed a moderate correlation (0.47) with annual fog days, while mountainous regions and elevation had strong positive correlations (0.91 and 0.84, respectively). High humidity (100%) correlated moderately (0.42), whereas temperature exhibited a negative correlation (−0.78). The Random Forest model effectively predicted fog days, achieving an R2 score of 0.64 for stations outside mountainous regions and 0.95 when including all stations, with minimal changes in the root mean square error (12 to 12.5 days/year).
The Evolution of Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Treatment
Authors: Contrera Kevin J. , Reddy Pooja D. , Helou Vanessa , Myers Jeffrey N. , Skinner Heath D. , Ferrarotto Renata , Myers Eugene N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has substantially changed over the past two centuries. This review explores the historical progression of HNSCC management focusing on the multidisciplinary treatment paradigm.Data SourcesThis review synthesizes data from historical and current clinical trials, books, scientific reports, public documents, and other written material relevant to HNSCC management.Review MethodsHistorical review.ResultsAlthough surgery was initially the only treatment available, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy have expanded the treatment landscape for HNSCC. Despite continuous evolution, modern treatment of HNSCC remains rooted in a multidisciplinary, personalized approach. This review highlights the clinical pioneers who established the standards of care and the landmark trials that progressed it. The optimal timing, application, and extent of different treatments, including the role of neoadjuvant therapy, remain under study. Immunotherapy has improved outcomes for recurrent/metastatic mucosal HNSCC and cutaneous malignancies, although its role in the curative management of mucosal HNSCC is still materializing.ConclusionsSurgery and radiotherapy have made continued gains in reducing morbidity and treatment sequala. Platinum‐based chemotherapy remains the mainstay of systemic therapy for HNSCC, but there has been accelerated growth in the application of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Comprehensive head and neck cancer care depends on multidisciplinary management, usually requiring multiple treatment modalities while individualizing both the therapies and treatment goals. Additional phase III trials are needed to further define the optimal treatments for HNSCC.
Survival Associations of Timely Postoperative Radiotherapy Among Head and Neck Cancer High‐Risk Subgroups
Authors: Velez Velez Lisa M. , Corpuz Timothy V. , Schwetschenau Luke C. , Mazul Angela , Massa Sean T. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveEffective implementation of timely postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) as a quality metric for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) care may reduce survival disparities in subgroups with the highest risk of mortality—advanced stage and Black race. We sought to determine if the association between timely PORT and survival varies among clinical and demographic high‐risk subgroups.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Database 2004–2020, patients with HPV‐negative HNSCC treated with surgery and PORT were identified. The association between PORT delay greater than 6 weeks with overall survival was assessed by Cox proportional hazards models with interaction effects for race, overall stage, and PORT delay.ResultsAmong 54,035 patients included in the study, 62% (33491) had PORT delays. Black patients were more likely to have PORT delays (aOR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.10–1.27). Timely PORT was only associated with improved survival for all stage I patients and White stage IV patients (predicted mortality risk 2.53, 95% CI: 2.34–2.74 versus 2.88, 95% CI: 2.67–3.09, referenced to White, stage I). After adjusting for covariates, timely PORT was estimated to be associated with inferior overall survival in Black patients with stage IV disease although with low precision (predicted mortality risk 3.24, 95% CI: 2.87–3.66, versus 2.71, 95% CI: 2.47–2.98, referenced to White, stage I).ConclusionTimely, guideline‐adherent PORT may not reduce survival disparities in Black patients, especially those with advanced stage disease, suggesting other interventions are needed to address this disparity.Level of Evidence3.
Conversion of Farmland to Apple Orchards Modifies Water–Carbon–Nitrogen Trade‐Offs in Deep Loess Deposits
Authors: Jin Zhuohang , Ji Wangjia , Li Ruifeng , Li Zhi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTConversion of shallow‐ to deep‐rooted plants greatly alters the water–carbon–nitrogen coupling relationship in the deep soil, but has not been fully explored because of the difficulty and one‐variable‐at‐a‐time method in sample collection. This study aims to understand the effects of conversion of farmland (F) to apple orchards on deep soil water (SW)–carbon–nitrogen coupling in the loess covered region. We collected soil samples and determined SW, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil total nitrogen (STN) contents and other soil indicators (pH, ammonium nitrate nitrogen, and soil texture) within 0–20 m under F and apple orchards with trees of different stand ages (years of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 24; abbreviated as A5, A10, A15, A20, and A24, respectively) in China's Loess Plateau. We used the partial least squares structural equation to ascertain the influence of vegetation and edaphic factors on the water–carbon–nitrogen coupling relationship. The mean SW contents in old orchards (A15, A20, and A24) decreased by 14%–22% compared to those of F, A5, and A10. The contents of SOC showed insignificant differences between F and apple orchards (p > 0.05). While nitrate nitrogen (NO3−N) content in F was significantly lower than that in apple orchards (p < 0.01), no significant difference was identified in STN. Under F and apple orchards, the relative benefits of water storage were higher than those of carbon and nitrogen in 0–5 m. However, within 5–20 m, the water‐dominated benefits under F shifted to nitrogen‐ and carbon‐dominated benefits under orchards due to large water deficit caused by the planation of apple trees. Furthermore, the fertilization‐induced changes in soil properties dominated the water–carbon–nitrogen coupling processes within 0–5 m, while root density and soil texture had significant impacts on the coupling processes below 5 m. This indicates that the deep soil carbon and nitrogen fixation is at the expense of water consumption. This study provides valuable information for agricultural land management in arid regions with degraded soil quality and deep unsaturated zones.
NAVIGATORS IN BOUNDARY‐SPANNING ROLES: LEADERSHIP INSIGHTS FROM 12 INTERVIEWS
Authors: Scherer Juergen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe author, who has had an extensive career as a worldwide business executive and educator, discusses navigation, which in this leadership/organizational context means, in his words, the longing for finding bearings, for seeking sense and direction, and for steering toward safe harbors. The organizational actors in his survey come from Research & Development, Marketing & Sales, and Purchasing & Supply Management. A table provides additional information about the executives, including their organization, industry, and project. A second table provides vignettes from the interviews. He further describes, in his words Sensing—charting the course; Securing—enabling the journey; and Shifting—crossing the finish line. He writes that “matching the triangulated navigation process of sensing, securing and shifting, this skillset can be described by the triadic concept of head, heart and hands.” For instance, within the latter, “navigators personally stay on board, leading by example and with confidence, not taking their hands off until the task is accomplished in full.” He concludes that “considering the increasing volatility and uncertainty of the operating business context as well as the complexity and ambiguity of the respective tasks in boundary‐spanning roles, it is high time for business organizations to enable, promote, and reward navigation.”
Concentration and Temperature Level Influenced the Optical Properties of Citrus Peel‐Based Edible Film
Authors: Kusuma Gracella , Marcellino Vincensius , Wardana Ata Aditya , Setiarto R. Haryo Bimo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe use of plastic as a primary material for food packaging is on the rise. Edible films have been extensively developed as an alternative to replace plastic. This study aims to ascertain the formulation of edible film made from citrus peel pectin concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) and temperature treatments (80 and 25 °C). The results indicate that an increase in pectin concentration in the edible film formulation significantly influences an increase in thickness and a decrease in transparency and light transmittance in the entire visible light range (400–700 nm) (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, heat treatment on the edible film has significantly impact only on the transparency and light transmission. The ∆E and light transmission values range from 3.48 to 9.69 (without heat), 3.59 to 11.52 (heat treatment) and 0.85 to 87.55 (without heat), 0.6 to 89.35 (heat treatment), respectively. Thus, the study concludes that orange peel‐based pectin demonstrates potential as a material for the development of edible film.
Development of Activated Carbon‐Ionic Imprinted Polymer Hybrid System in Water Filter to Remove Arsenic Species from Water
Authors: Abu Samah Nurlin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractActivated carbon‐ionic imprinted polymer (AC‐IIP) is synthesized for the removal of arsenic from water. The IIP is constructed using allylthiourea (AT) as monomer and arsenic as template. The binding properties of the AC‐IIP are characterized and detected using Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) with parameters including comparison of the packing with IIP and without IIP in continuous flow mode, recyclability study and pH effect. The comparison between packing with IIP and without IIP shows an adsorption percentage of 99% until the third cycle, and then the adsorption efficiency drops during the fourth and fifth cycles. The value of adsorption for packing media with IIP is slightly lower than packing media without IIP which is at 98.6% and 98.9% removal efficiency. The optimum pH is at pH 5 which percentage removal is 99%. The recyclability study proves that the AC‐IIP can be recycled up to five times with 99% removal at an acidic condition which is at pH 5. Mild pH shows no impact in the recovery of arsenic species into free solution. As a conclusion, AC‐IIP shows a high quality of removal efficiency and sorption capacity loaded. Based on the performance demonstrated, AC‐IIP is a promising method for arsenic removal from water.
Intelligent Polymer Coatings: Enhancing Media Preservation through AI‐Driven Techniques
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Singh Shishir Kumar , Sood Ritu S. , Kumar Sandeep , Dadhich Rahul , Upadhyay Rajesh , Kumar Rahul 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe need for enhanced preservation strategies is highlighted by the growth of varied media formats and the media's increasing susceptibility to degradation caused by the environment and usage. This study examines how polymer science and artificial intelligence (AI) can work together to create intelligent coatings that will greatly enhance media preservation. By utilizing machine learning methods for data analysis, the research aims to comprehend environmental factors and degradation patterns in order to create polymer formulations that are suitable for a variety of media substrates. In order to lessen the effects of several deteriorative forces, the project also explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) for real‐time monitoring, adaptive response mechanisms, and self‐healing capabilities within polymer coatings. It is anticipated that the results of this study will aid in the creation of intelligent polymer coatings, improving the robustness, quality, and lifespan of media.
Study on the Immittance Response of Alginate‐PVA‐(NH4)2SO4 Biopolymer Complexed System for Application in Electrochemical Devices
Authors: Muhd Ghazali Nuraziliana , Azahar Siti Nor Azlin , Samsudin Ahmad Salihin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe recent surge in attention focuses on developing biopolymer materials as electrolytes for electrochemical devices due to the growing interest in green energy storage materials. This can bring numerous lucrative prospects and achieve lower costs while being environmentally benign. The work involves preparing a solid blend polymer electrolyte (SBE) system that conducts H+ ions. This system is made up of an alginate‐poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer blend and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], and it is created utilizing the solution casting approach. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis verifies the interaction between polymer‐salt complexes through the coordination of polymer blends. The electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique is employed to study the immittance response properties of the produced SBEs system at ambient temperature. The sample with a composition of 15 wt% of (NH4)2SO4, exhibits the optimum ionic conductivity and is measured at 1.27 × 10−4 S cm−1. Based on the dielectric analysis, it is evident that the SBEs system follows the trend of ionic conductivity and exhibits non‐Debye theory.
Band Gap Engineering of Nanocones via Mono‐Hydrogenation
Authors: El‐Barbary A. A. , Khurmy S. M. , Adawi Hind 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe unique properties of nanocones attract increasing attention from a scientific point of view due to their wide range of electronic applications. Band gap engineering in nanocones is a powerful technique for designing new devices for lasers, light‐emitting diodes, flat panel displays, and solar cells. Therefore, in this research, a detailed theoretical study of the behavior of three different types of nanocones is presented, and one of its most notable findings is the band gaps reduction as a result of introducing the hydrogen atom outside nanocone. The study has presented a complete set of band gap calculations, considering not only pure nanocones, CNCs (carbon nanocones), BNNCs (born nitride nanocons), and SiCNCs (silicon carbide nanocons) but also endohedral and exohedral mono hydrogenated nanocones using density functional theory (DFT). The results show that the band reduction can be up to 72% due to mono hydrogenation of CBNCs as the band gap changes from 4.4 eV for pure BNNCs to 1.2 eV for mono hydrogenated BNNCs. The wide range of band gaps for various hydrogenated nanocones may allow the fundamental control needed to design next‐generation electronic components.
Comparative Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Modules: Roof‐Mounted Versus Floating with Polystyrene Material‐Based Floats
Authors: Shukla Aradhana , Yadav Satish Kumar , Misra Amit , Yaqub Adeeba , Singh Jyotsna , Singh Rajendra Bahadur 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA novel method for generating energy known as floating photovoltaic technology, has gained significant attention due to its numerous advantages. Floating panels reduce water evaporation while simultaneously enhancing energy production. In this paper, it is compared that the performances of floating PV module and rooftop PV module on a sunny day in a composite climate. This study is an experimental analysis of the performance of 20 Wp of floating with a 20 Wp rooftop PV module. It is recorded weather parameters along with module output data for both the floating and rooftop setups. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the floating PV module is greater than that of the rooftop PV module by 0.68%. The floating PV module demonstrates a slightly lower average temperature of 49.23 °C compared to that of the rooftop PV module, which is 50.95 °C. Moreover, floating PV module has a marginal advantage in terms of power generation. The outcomes of this experiment suggest that the efficiency of the floating PV module is greater than that of the rooftop solar panel. This means that for the installation of floating PVs, there is no need for land, which gives them a unique identity.
Molecular Insights Into Adulteration Dynamics in Clarified Butterfat: An Image Based Approach
Authors: Awasthi Avinash Kaushal , Gupta Pallavi , Noor I. M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractClarified butterfat, commonly known as desi ghee, is one of the most important edible products of the dairy industry. There are many types of materials used to adulterate the clarified butterfat. This study presents the development of a protocol for the image acquisition of various controlled pure and adulterated samples of clarified butterfat. Further, its analysis is proposed using image processing tools for developing a model to identify the various adulteration levels in clarified butterfat (cow ghee) that is adulterated with vegetable fat. The processed images are analysed for pixel intensity, crystalline structures, yellowness, and skeleton factors to evaluate the purity of butterfat (ghee) and matched with impure samples of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% adulteration levels using discriminant analysis. The study delves into the effects of varying adulteration levels on the molecular characteristics of clarified butterfat, considering both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Changes in crystalline values are accompanied by increasing levels of adulteration, attributed to shifts in triglyceride composition induced by the addition of hydrogenated vegetable fat. The selected parameters can be used as a substitute method at a standard temperature of 28–32 °C with benefits of ease, speed, accuracy, larger sample size for repeatability with an extent up to 90% of precision by critically following the developed protocol.
Propolis Edible Coating Improves Antibacterial Feature of Banana Leaf‐Based Traditional Packaging
Authors: Laurent Jeannette , Wardana Ata Aditya , Setiarto R. Haryo Bimo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe use of bioactive substances as coating material appears to be a promising way to create effective antimicrobial leaves‐based packaging. This study aims to characterize antibacterial activity and physical properties of propolis‐coated banana leaf packaging. Edible coatings with a 3% level of commercial propolis, originated from Indonesia and Brazil, are used for leaf surface coating. The color difference and thickness of leaf samples respectively range from 58.2 to 59.8 and 0.21–0.29 mm, where the coating layers are observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the surface and internal microstructure. Chemical properties are examined through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Propolis (Brazil) coated leaf show the highest zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacteria. The application of coated leaf confirm an extension of fresh lemper shelf life approximately by 10 h at room temperature and 18 h in the refrigerator.
Advancements in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mavi Sheetal , Kadian Sarita , Sarangi Pradeepta Kumar , Sahoo Ashok Kumar , Singh Shruti , Yahya M. Z. A. , Abd Rahman Nor Mas Mira 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTechnology, health care, and transport are merely some of the industries that historically rely on polymer‐based materials. In past centuries, the creation of innovative polymer materials has been dependent upon extensive experiments and error procedures that require an extensive number of resources as well as time. With the objective to explore the transformative potential of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in material discovery, design, and optimization, this paper explores the integration of ML and AI in polymer‐based materials research. Researchers are able to speed the development of new polymer‐based materials with improved properties and functionalities by utilizing sophisticated algorithms and computational models. The use of ML and AI in polymer research is examined, with a focus on how these technologies may stimulate innovation and expand material science research.
Synthesis and Characterization of PEMA‐CNT‐Based Polymer Electrolyte Nanocomposite and Its Application in DSSC
Authors: Singh Palvinder , Sachdeva Amit , Singh Shruti , Yahya M. Z. A. , Rahman Nor Mas Mira Abd , Bhargava Cherry 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe conductivity and structural properties of poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)‐based plasticized electrolytes are modified by adding carbon nanotubes (CNT) as nanoparticle. The PEMA + KI (40% wt) and EC (60% wt) have maximum conductivity of 4.65×10−5 S/cm using solution casting technique. CNT is dissolved into this maximum conducting sample. On addition of 9% wt of CNT, we obtained maximum ionic conductivity of 3.5×10−4 S/cm. The morphology of the conductive sample is investigated using SEM technique, amorphicity is studied by FTIR technique, and a comparison of crystalline structure between maximum conducting samples of PEMA + KI + EC and PEMA + KI + EC + CNT is done by XRD technique to identify polymer composite's amorphous nature. DSSC is prepared using doctor blade method using maximum conducting sample, and it is observed that energy conversion efficiency is 2.27% at 1 sun condition with open circuit voltage of 0.6887 V, short circuit current density 3.88 A/cm2, and fill factor 81.11%.