bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Pain, Life Stress, Sociodemographics, and Cortisol: Contributions of Pain Intensity and Financial Satisfaction
Authors: Mickle Angela M. , Garvan Cynthia , Service Chelsea , Pop Ralisa , Marks John , Wu Stanley , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Staud Roland , Fillingim Roger B. , Bartley Emily J. , Sibille Kimberly T. 
Published: December 2020

Objective The relationship between psychosocial stress and chronic pain is bidirectional. An improved understanding regarding the relationships among chronic pain, life stress, and ethnicity/race will inform identification of factors contributing to health disparities in chronic pain and improve health outcomes. This study aims to assess relationships between measures of clinical pain, life stress, sociodemographics, and salivary cortisol levels. Methods A cross-sectional analysis involving data from 105 non-Hispanic White (NHW) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) participants aged 45–85 years old with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis. Data included sociodemographics, clinical pain, psychosocial stress, and salivary cortisol across five time points over an approximate 12-hour period. Non-parametric correlation analysis, sociodemographic group comparisons, and regression analyses were performed. Results Clinical pain and psychosocial stress were associated with salivary cortisol levels, particularly morning waking and the evening to morning awakening slope. With the inclusion of recognized explanatory variables, the Graded Chronic Pain Scale characteristic pain intensity and financial satisfaction were identified as the primary pain and psychosocial measures associated with cortisol levels. Sociodemographic group differences were indicated such that NHB participants reported higher pain-related disability, higher levels of discrimination, lower financial and material satisfaction, and showed higher evening salivary cortisol levels compared to NHW participants. In combined pain and psychosocial stress analyses, greater financial satisfaction, lower pain intensity, and lower depression were associated with higher morning waking saliva cortisol levels while greater financial satisfaction was the only variable associated with greater evening to morning awakening slope. Conclusion Our findings show relationships among clinical pain, psychosocial stress, sociodemographic factors, and salivary cortisol levels. Importantly, with inclusion of recognized explanatory variables, financial satisfaction remained the primary factor accounting for differences in morning waking cortisol and evening to morning awakening cortisol slope in an ethnic/racially diverse group of middle aged and older adults with or at risk for knee osteoarthritis.
Web-based interactive mapping from data dictionaries to ontologies, with an application to cancer registry
Authors: Tao Shiqiang , Zeng Ningzhou , Hands Isaac , Hurt-Mueller Joseph , Durbin Eric B. , Cui Licong , Zhang Guo-Qiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The Kentucky Cancer Registry (KCR) is a central cancer registry for the state of Kentucky that receives data about incident cancer cases from all healthcare facilities in the state within 6 months of diagnosis. Similar to all other U.S. and Canadian cancer registries, KCR uses a data dictionary provided by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) for standardized data entry. The NAACCR data dictionary is not an ontological system. Mapping between the NAACCR data dictionary and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Thesaurus (NCIt) will facilitate the enrichment, dissemination and utilization of cancer registry data. We introduce a web-based system, called Interactive Mapping Interface (IMI), for creating mappings from data dictionaries to ontologies, in particular from NAACCR to NCIt.

Method
IMI has been designed as a general approach with three components: (1) ontology library; (2) mapping interface; and (3) recommendation engine. The ontology library provides a list of ontologies as targets for building mappings. The mapping interface consists of six modules: project management, mapping dashboard, access control, logs and comments, hierarchical visualization, and result review and export. The built-in recommendation engine automatically identifies a list of candidate concepts to facilitate the mapping process.

Results
We report the architecture design and interface features of IMI. To validate our approach, we implemented an IMI prototype and pilot-tested features using the IMI interface to map a sample set of NAACCR data elements to NCIt concepts. 47 out of 301 NAACCR data elements have been mapped to NCIt concepts. Five branches of hierarchical tree have been identified from these mapped concepts for visual inspection.

Conclusions
IMI provides an interactive, web-based interface for building mappings from data dictionaries to ontologies. Although our pilot-testing scope is limited, our results demonstrate feasibility using IMI for semantic enrichment of cancer registry data by mapping NAACCR data elements to NCIt concepts.
Detecting missing IS-A relations in the NCI Thesaurus using an enhanced hybrid approach
Authors: Zheng Fengbo , Abeysinghe Rashmie , Sioutos Nicholas , Whiteman Lori , Remennik Lyubov , Cui Licong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe National Cancer Institute (NCI) Thesaurus provides reference terminology for NCI and other systems. Previously, we proposed a hybrid prototype utilizing lexical features and role definitions of concepts in non-lattice subgraphs to identify missing IS-A relations in the NCI Thesaurus. However, no domain expert evaluation was provided in our previous work. In this paper, we further enhance the hybrid approach by leveraging a novel lexical feature—roots of noun chunks within concept names. Formal evaluation of our enhanced approach is also performed.MethodWe first compute all the non-lattice subgraphs in the NCI Thesaurus. We model each concept using its role definitions, words and roots of noun chunks within its concept name and its ancestor’s names. Then we perform subsumption testing for candidate concept pairs in the non-lattice subgraphs to automatically detect potentially missing IS-A relations. Domain experts evaluated the validity of these relations.ResultsWe applied our approach to 19.08d version of the NCI Thesaurus. A total of 55 potentially missing IS-A relations were identified by our approach and reviewed by domain experts. 29 out of 55 were confirmed as valid by domain experts and have been incorporated in the newer versions of the NCI Thesaurus. 7 out of 55 further revealed incorrect existing IS-A relations in the NCI Thesaurus.ConclusionsThe results showed that our hybrid approach by leveraging lexical features and role definitions is effective in identifying potentially missing IS-A relations in the NCI Thesaurus.
Missing lateral relationships in top-level concepts of an ontology
Authors: Zheng Ling , Chen Yan , Min Hua , Hildebrand P. Lloyd , Liu Hao , Halper Michael , Geller James , de Coronado Sherri , Perl Yehoshua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundOntologies house various kinds of domain knowledge in formal structures, primarily in the form of concepts and the associative relationships between them. Ontologies have become integral components of many health information processing environments. Hence, quality assurance of the conceptual content of any ontology is critical. Relationships are foundational to the definition of concepts.Missing relationship errors(i.e., unintended omissions of important definitional relationships) can have a deleterious effect on the quality of an ontology. An abstraction network is a structure that overlays an ontology and provides an alternate, summarization view of its contents. One kind of abstraction network is called anarea taxonomy, and a variation of it is called asubtaxonomy. A methodology based on these taxonomies for more readily finding missing relationship errors is explored.MethodsThearea taxonomyand thesubtaxonomyare deployed to help reveal concepts that have a high likelihood of exhibiting missing relationship errors. A specific top-level grouping unit found within the area taxonomy and subtaxonomy, when deemed to be anomalous, is used as an indicator that missing relationship errors are likely to be found among certain concepts. Two hypotheses pertaining to the effectiveness of our Quality Assurance approach are studied.ResultsOur Quality Assurance methodology was applied to theBiological Processhierarchy of the National Cancer Institute thesaurus (NCIt) and SNOMED CT’sEye/vision findingsubhierarchy within itsClinical findinghierarchy. Many missing relationship errors were discovered and confirmed in our analysis. For both test-bed hierarchies, our Quality Assurance methodology yielded a statistically significantly higher number of concepts with missing relationship errors in comparison to a control sample of concepts. Two hypotheses are confirmed by these findings.ConclusionsQuality assurance is a critical part of an ontology’s lifecycle, and automated or semi-automated tools for supporting this process are invaluable. We introduced a Quality Assurance methodology targeted at missing relationship errors. Its successful application to the NCIt’sBiological Processhierarchy and SNOMED CT’sEye/vision findingsubhierarchy indicates that it can be a useful addition to the arsenal of tools available to ontology maintenance personnel.
Lameness in fattening pigs – Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, osteochondropathy and reduced dietary phosphorus level as three influencing factors: a case report
Authors: Wegner B. , Tenhündfeld J. , Vogels J. , Beumer M. , Kamphues J. , Hansmann F. , Rieger H. , grosse Beilage E. , Hennig-Pauka I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple diagnostic procedures, their results and interpretation in a case with severe lameness in fattening pigs are described. It is shown that selected diagnostic steps lead to identification of various risk factors for disease development in the affected herd. One focus of this case report is the prioritization of diagnostic steps to verify the impact of the different conditions, which finally led to the clinical disorder. Assessing a sufficient dietary phosphorus (P) supply and its impact on disease development proved most difficult. The diagnostic approach based on estimated calculation of phosphorus intake is presented in detail.Case presentationOn a farrow-to-finishing farm, lameness occurred in pigs with 30–70 kg body weight. Necropsy of three diseased pigs revealed claw lesions and alterations at the knee and elbow joints. Histologic findings were characteristic of osteochondrosis. All pigs were positively tested forMycoplasma hyosynoviaein affected joints.Pvalues in blood did not indicate a P deficiency, while bone ashing in one of three animals resulted in a level indicating an insufficient mineral supply. Analysis of diet composition revealed a low phosphorus content in two diets, which might have led to a marginal P supply in individuals with high average daily gains with respect to development of bone mass and connective tissue prior to presentation of affected animals. Finally, the impact of dietary factors for disease development could not be evidenced in all submitted animals in this case.ConclusionsMycoplasma(M.)hyosynoviaewas identified to be an important etiologic factor for disease. Other, non-infectious factors, such as osteochondrosis and claw lesions might have favored development of lameness. In addition, a relevant marginal P supply for pigs was found in a limited time period in a phase of intense growing, but the potential interaction with infection byM. hyosynoviaeis unknown.The presented case of severe lameness in fattening pigs revealed that three different influences presumably act in pathogenesis. Focusing only on one factor and ignoring others might be misleading regarding subsequent decision-making for prevention and therapy. Finally, clinical symptoms disappeared after some changes in diet composition and anti-inflammatory treatment of individual animals.
Vielfalt and diversité: how local actors in France and Germany evaluate immigration and socio-cultural heterogeneity
Authors: Schiller Maria , Lang Christine , Schönwälder Karen , Moutselos Michalis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn both Germany and France, perceptions of immigration, diversity and their societal consequences have undergone important transformations in the past two decades. However, existing research has only partially captured such processes. The “grand narratives” of national approaches, while still influential, no longer explain contemporary realities. Further, analyses of national politics and discourses may not sufficiently reflect the realities across localities and society more broadly. While emerging in different national contexts, little is known about how diversity is actually perceived by political stakeholders at the urban level. Given the key role of immigration and diversity in current conflicts over Europe’s future, it is imperative to assess present-day conceptualisations of migration-related diversity among important societal actors.This article investigates perceptions and evaluations of socio-cultural heterogeneity by important societal actors in large cities. We contribute to existing literature by capturing an unusually broad set of actors from state and civil society. We also present data drawn from an unusually large number of cities. How influential is the perception of current society as heterogeneous, and what forms of heterogeneity are salient? And is socio-cultural and migration-related heterogeneity evaluated as threatening or rather as beneficial? Based on an original data set, this study explores the shared and contested ideas, the cognitive roadmaps of state and non-state actors involved in local politics.We argue that, in both German and French cities, socio-cultural heterogeneity is nowadays widely recognized as marking cities and often positively connoted. At the same time, perceptions of the main features of diversity and of the benefits and challenges attached to it vary. We find commonalities between French and German local actors, but also clear differences. In concluding, we suggest how and why national contexts importantly shape evaluations of diversity.
Inflammatory cytokine and plasma C-reactive protein response to ketoacidosis in adults with type 1 diabetes: Egyptian multicenter study
Authors: Mohamed Ghada A. , Abd-Elrahman Mohamed Z. , Bahriz Rania , Albehairy Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
In adults with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), high plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) were reported to be sensitive markers of infection. However, elevation of both CRP and the pro-inflammatory cytokines which regulate CRP are probable without infection and may act as indicator of systemic inflammatory response (SIR). So, we wanted to determine if increased plasma CRP levels occur in young patients with severe DKA who do not have clinical evidence of infection and to relate observed changes in CRP level to the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.

Results
Upon admission of 30 DKA patients with age ranging from 17 to 40 years, we found significant elevation of CRP (P = 0.001) and IL-6 (P = 0.001) in DKA patients than control group. After resolution of DKA, there was significant reduction in CRP and IL-6 compared to before DKA correction (P value = 0.054 and 0.001), respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between CRP after correction of DKA and RBCs (P = 0.042), and serum K (P = 0.021) and between CRP prior to DKA correction and PH (P = 0.025).

Conclusions
Patients with DKA without infection had increased levels of CRP and inflammatory cytokines. Intensive insulin therapy has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect that, at the time of DKA improvement, can normalize levels of CRP and inflammatory cytokines, and this beneficial effect is greater for IL-6 than CRP.
Metabolic Impact of Intermittent Fasting in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Interventional Studies
Authors: Borgundvaag Emily , Mak Jessica , Kramer Caroline K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been proposed as a weight-loss strategy with additional cardiometabolic benefits in individuals with obesity. Despite its growing popularity, the effect of IF in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unclear.

Objective
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the metabolic impact of IF compared to standard diet in patients with T2DM.

Methods
Embase, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov between 1950 and August 12, 2020 were searched for randomized, diet-controlled studies evaluating any IF intervention in adults with T2DM. We examined the impact of IF on weight loss and glucose-lowering by calculating pooled estimates of the absolute differences in body weight and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compared to a control group using a random-effects model.

Results
Seven studies (n = 338 participants; mean body mass index [BMI] 35.65, mean baseline HbA1c 8.8%) met our inclusion criteria. IF induced a greater decrease in body weight by –1.89 kg (95% CI, –2.91 to –0.86 kg) compared to a regular diet, with no significant between-study heterogeneity (I2 21.0%, P = .28). The additional weight loss induced by IF was greater in studies with a heavier population (BMI &gt; 36) (–3.43 kg [95% CI, –5.72 to –1.15 kg]) and in studies of shorter duration (≤ 4 months) (–3.73 kg [95% CI, –7.11 to –0.36 kg]). IF was not associated with further reduction in HbA1c compared to a standard diet (HbA1c –0.11% [95% CI, –0.38% to 0.17%]).

Conclusion
Current evidence suggests that IF is associated with greater weight loss in patients with T2DM compared with a standard diet, with a similar impact on glycemic control.
Development of Phthalocyanine-Based Functional Molecules with Tunable Optical and Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Muranaka Atsuya , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Phthalocyanines and related compounds with extensive π-conjugation have interesting physical properties that have led to a wide range of applications, from conventional dyes and pigments to advanced functional materials. In this account, we briefly introduce our work on the development of phthalocyanine-based functional molecules that exhibit near-infrared (NIR) absorption or circularly polarized luminescence (CPL).
Delays Impair Learning and Can Drive Convergence to Inefficient Strategies
Authors: Rahmandad Hazhir , Gary Michael Shayne 
Published: December 2020

With so many possible choices, why do managers adopt the strategies they do? We identify delays between adopting a strategy and observing the full implications of that choice as a critical factor influencing strategic choices. Using a simulation of a service firm, we conduct two behavioral experiments to investigate how delays interact with outcome uncertainty to shape learning, strategy adaptation, and performance outcomes. Two mechanisms emerge from how different subject groups perceive, react to, and learn in the presence of delayed feedback and uncertainty. First, when multiple viable strategies exist, longer delays lead both general participants and experienced managers toward alternatives that have rapid returns. When those alternatives are suboptimal, delays may strengthen convergence to inefficient strategies. Second, delays and uncertainty may also induce learners to persist with their a priori strategies. Managers show larger confidence in their priors and thus underperform general participants when the underlying task structure diverges from those priors. Both mechanisms can undermine performance. Moreover, delays and uncertainty may reduce heterogeneity in strategies and performance in more dynamic, uncertain environments, leading to convergence as tasks grow more complex and where decision makers possess similar priors. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Funding: Funding from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and UNSW Business School supported this research. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1405 .
Programa de certificação sustentável do município de Salvador: análise dos critérios e benefícios do "IPTU verde" em sua perspectiva ecológica / Sustainable certification program of the city of Salvador: analysis of the green IPTU criteria and benefits on its ecological perspective
Authors: Azevedo Tânia Cristina , Portella André Alves 
Published: December 2020

ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar os critérios e benefícios do Programa de Certificação Sustentável denominado “IPTU VERDE”. Como estratégia de condução da pesquisa, recorreu-se ao estudo de caso, suportado por pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados da investigação apontaram que o modelo aplicado no munícipio de Salvador foi inspirado no padrão internacional de certificação denominado Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED™). Conclui-se que embora seja uma iniciativa válida para os padrões brasileiros de benefícios tributários, em Salvador há limitações para o contribuinte ter acesso ao mesmo, pois tende a priorizar segmentos específicos ou determinadas categorias de negócios.Palavras-chave: Certificação sustentável. Extrafiscalidade. Incentivo fiscal verde. Política urbana.Tributação ecológica. AbstractThe objective of this research was to analyze the conditions and benefits of the Sustainable Certification Program called GREEN IPTU. As a strategy for conducting the research, we used the case study, supported by bibliographic research, documentary research and content analysis Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED™). The results of the investigation showed that the model applied in the municipality of Salvador was inspired by the international certification standard called.Keywords: sustainable certification. Extrafiscality. Green tax incentive. Urban policy. Ecological taxation