bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juden zwischen den Fronten im Dreißigjährigen Krieg
Authors: Battenberg J. Friedrich 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Jews from the upper county of Katzenelnbogen, the southern part of the landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt ruled by George II, were placed in an almost hopeless situation by the passage of Swedish troops in November and December 1631. The Lutheran landgrave associated with the Catholic Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand II had to bow to the demand of King Gustav Adolf of Sweden to hand over the fortress of Rüsselsheim am Main to him to secure his campaign. The neutrality negotiated for this purpose was intended to keep the upper county out of the war, but instead led to the fact that the landgrave’s territory was now used by both warring parties for troop movements such as quartering, in many cases at the expense of the Jews living there and confronted with contributions and ransom demands. Although the landgrave insisted on the active exercise of his Judenregal and his protective rights, which he regarded as part of national sovereignty in accordance with contemporary legal doctrine, in order to stabilize his sovereignty, he could only imperfectly exercise protection upon his Jews. He was not interested in the welfare of the country’s Jewry, whose rights he granted only very restrictively, but in the legal constitution and consolidation of his sovereignty. To this end, the Jews were instrumentalized and became objects of his political goals. Under these circumstances, an independently acting Jewish community could hardly develop.
Iatrogenic fetal goiter. Conservative management and spontaneous resolution
Authors: Alvarez de la Rosa Margarita , Rosales Aedo Olga , Darias Garzón Ricardo , Padilla Pérez Ana Isabel , Troyano Luque Juan Mario 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We aim to report a case of a fetal goiter with postpartum spontaneous resolution. Fetal goiter can be secondary to maternal treatment and range from clinically asymptomatic or cause alterations in the fetus, from impaired swallowing to difficulty in vaginal delivery and even perinatal asphyxia due to the mass effect. The need for intrauterine treatment remains controversial.

Case presentation
We present a case of fetal goiter with postpartum resolution. A 34-year-old multigravida presented to the emergency department with hiperemesis gravidarum at 10 weeks’ gestation. During evaluation for severe vomiting, Graves disease was diagnosed and treated with propylthiouracil. A routine ultrasound scan at 28 weeks gestation revealed a fetal anterior neck mass suggesting a fetal goiter. Cordocentesis showed fetal iatrogenic hypothyroidism. Conservative treatment was decided. Pregnancy concluded uneventful and the mass resolved spontaneously in the newborn.

Conclusions
The fetal thyroid gland is a structure that usually goes unnoticed during the process of prenatal diagnosis. In cases of maternal Graves diseases, fetal thyroid needs monitoring during pregnancy and conservative treatment is an option. Fetal goiter should be searched for secondary to thyroid alterations of the gravida, and in selected cases it can be managed without intrauterine treatment.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to premature twins from an asymptomatic mother
Authors: Gaunt Philippa , Ahmed Imran , Geethanath Ruppa , Abu-Harb Majd , Onwuneme Chike 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The incidence of vertically transmitted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) could be higher than published. We feel that cases of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission are under-reported.

Case presentation
We report a case of SARS-CoV-2 in premature monochorionic monoamniotic twins born by caesarean section to an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive mother.

Conclusions
This case supports the potential for intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as previously reported. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission from reported cases is low; however this may be due to the difficulty disproving horizontal transmission or under-reporting of cases.
Updated overview on the interplay between obesity and COVID-19
Authors: Onorato Diletta , Carpenè Giovanni , Lippi Giuseppe , Pucci Mairi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has generated a global health crisis and more than a million deaths so far. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are increasingly reported, along with its potential relationship with overweight and/or obesity. Therefore, we aim here to review the current scientific literature on the impact of overweight and/or obesity among hospitalized patients who have developed severe or critical forms of COVID-19. Following PRISMA guidelines, our literature search identified over 300 scientific articles using the keywords “obesity” and “COVID-19”, 22 of which were finally selected for reporting useful information on the association between overweight/obesity and disease severity. In particular, in 11 out of the 14 studies (79%) which evaluated the association between obesity and disease severity providing also a risk estimate (i.e., the odd ratio; OR), the OR value was constantly >2. Although the studies were found to be heterogeneous in terms of design, population, sample size and endpoints, in most cases a significant association was found between obesity and the risk of progressing to severe COVID-19 illness, intensive care unit admission and/or death. We can hence conclude that an increased body mass index shall be considered a negative prognostic factor in patients with COVID-19, and more aggressive prevention or treatment shall hence be reserved to overweight and/or obese patients.
A Heraclitean Wordplay in Plotinus
Authors: Bergamo Max 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the analysis of Plotinus’ citation of the Heraclitean saying B113 DK in the second treatiseOn the Presence of Being(VI 5 [23]). I shall argue that the use which the author of theEnneadsmakes of this fragment has been hitherto misunderstood by scholars and that, for this reason, the significance of the passage and its role within Plotinus’ argument have been missed. Close attention will be paid to the tool through which Plotinus conveys his own reading of Heraclitus’ tenet, i.e. etymology, and to the passages in which he both lays down and puts into practice the programmatic guidelines for his interpretation of the Presocratic. In addition, I shall interpret Plotinus’ recourse to a wordplay which is, in character, quite Heraclitean as a proof of the importance of his philosophical engagement with the Obscure.
Optimized design of a semimetal gasket operating in flange-bolted joints
Authors: Jaszak Przemysław 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a new design of semimetal gasket, which has been subjected to the optimization process. The main objective function was to achieve the maximum elastic recovery of the gasket at imposed functional and strength limitations. The objective function was described indirectly in the form of the required minimum angle of the gasket’s unload curve inclination, which was a measure of the average value of the elastic modulus at unloading. Strength limitations resulted from not exceeding the ultimate stress of the materials, while functional limitations imposed the achievement of proper contact pressure that ensures a given level of tightness class. The characteristic dimensions describing the cross-section of the gasket’s core were described by five descriptive parameters. As a result of the interrelationship of these parameters, 210 construction models were created that were subjected to compression simulations. This problem was solved using the Finite Element Method. The variant of the gasket fulfilling the imposed limitations and the required minimum objective function was tested experimentally.
Inverse extremum problem for a model of endovenous laser ablation
Authors: Kovtanyuk Andrey , Chebotarev Alexander , Astrakhantseva Alena 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An inverse extremum problem (optimal control problem) for a quasi-linear radiative-conductive heat transfer model of endovenous laser ablation is considered.
The problem is to find the powers of the source spending on heating the fiber tip and on radiation.
As a result, it provides a given temperature distribution in some part of the model domain.
The unique solvability of the initial-boundary value problem is proved, on the basis of which the solvability of the optimal control problem is shown.
An iterative algorithm for solving the optimal control problem is proposed.
Its efficiency is illustrated by a numerical example.
Entre Tiro y Roma: las actividades sinodales sardicenses (343)
Authors: Masana Josep Vilella 
Published: November 2020

ResumenMediante una metodología básicamente histórico-prosopográfica, se establece el decurso y el carácter de las actuaciones sinodales que, en el año 343, acontecieron en Sárdica, tomando asimismo en consideración las previas intervenciones episcopales e imperiales que las suscitaron. Favorecido por la fragmentación político-eclesiástica existente, el antagonismo entre los defensores y los contrarios de la superior instancia romana queda evidenciado tanto en las causas personales como en las cuestiones doctrinales, siendo al respecto significativos los argumentos y documentos aducidos o generados por unos y otros, cuyo análisis permite un mejor conocimiento de este relevante capítulo de la historia eclesiástica.
Investigating the Syrian “Other” in Donald J. Trump’s Twitter Campaign Rhetoric
Authors: Kazzaz Mourhaf 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the discursive techniques and processes employed by Donald J. Trump to portray Syrian refugees as a negative out-group and threat in tweets during his 2016 election campaign. The article argues that this anti-immigration argument facilitated and materialized not only as a right-wing populist discourse but also as an actual policy as evidenced by the travel ban of 2017. The data are comprised of 32 tweets from Trump’s personal Twitter account between his first available commentary tweets on the Arab Spring situation in November 2011 and his inauguration in January 2017. The article employs the Ideological Square (van Dijk 1992, van Dijk 1995, van Dijk 2013) and proximization theory (Cap 2008, Cap 2010, Cap 2013) to study how Donald J. Trump employs an ideological “othering” of Syrian refugees and constructs threatening representations of them as a political agenda to set himself apart from competitors and advance his election campaign.
Standard routine techniques of modeling of tick-borne encephalitis
Authors: Akram Saima , Arooj Aroosa , Yasmin Nusrat , Ghaffar Abdul , Baleanu Dumitru , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Khan Ilyas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a flaviviral vector-borne disease, which is spread by a tick namedIxodes persulcatusin domestic animals as well as in humans. In this article, susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered model; with no immunity after getting recovered is taken. The only possible immunity is before getting the disease (in our model). The vaccination details are also discussed in the article. Hence, SEIS (susceptible, exposed, infected and again susceptible with zero removal from the specie compartment) is used to construct a mathematical model of TBE. TBE is acute inflammation of the brain parenchyma. After becoming viral in European states and some Asian countries, especially in China, this is an emerging viral disease in Pakistan. After constructing a model, formula for the basic reproduction numberR0-like threshold has been derived by using the next-generation matrix method. The formula forR0-like threshold is used to evaluate whether the disease is going to be outbroken in the respective area from which the specific data are taken into consideration. The main motivation behind selection of this topic is to address the unawareness of this disease specifically in Pakistan and in its neighboring countries when there persists probability for the outbreak of this disease. Some equilibrium points and their local stability is also discussed. Numerical computations and graphs are also presented to validate the results.
How to Work with Context in Moral Philosophy?
Authors: Christensen Anne-Marie Søndergaard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, I investigate how we may include investigations of actual context in the investigation of moral problems in philosophy. The article has three main parts. The focus of the first is a survey of the dominant view of how to incorporate context into moral philosophy and to exemplify this view, I investigate examples from influential introductions to moral philosophy, identifying what I callthe assumption of abstraction. In the second part I present three traditions which attribute a more prominent place to context in philosophical work and which therefore offer resources for thinking about context: moral contextualism, particularism and contextualism in political philosophy. Unconvinced that these resources are sufficient for an understanding of how actual context may be of importance in philosophy, I in the third part turn to a systematic investigation of three suggestions for how to incorporate actual context onto philosophy: the application approach, the bottom-up approach and the contextual approach. Furthermore, I argue that the third and most radical approach develops a superior understanding of how to include context in moral philosophy, reflecting the impossibility of making normatively neutral investigations of context in moral philosophy.
Prometheus Boundand Sophocles’Inachos: New Perspectives
Authors: Tsantsanoglou Kyriakos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe paper consists of three chapters. In the first, Soph.Inachosfr. 269c.16–24 is presented as the earliest testimony to the authenticity ofPrometheus Bound(PV). The verses declare that the one of the elders who named here Hermestrókhiswas wise. The word describing mockingly Hermes was employed only inPV941. And it is very unlikely that Sophocles would name ‘wise predecessor here’, i. e. in the theater, any other tragedian than Aeschylus. In the second chapter, the numerous divergences from Aeschylean practice are explained by reference to the fourth-place drama, which was usually covered by the satyr-play, but frequently with other plays aimed at the uneducated and unrefined spectators. Thus,PVis dated in 472 BC, contemporary with thePersae, in whose didascalia Προμηθεύς is named as the fourth drama of the production. It is unanimously identified with the satyr-play Προμηθεὺς Πυρκαεύς, but the author identifies it withPV, which as a fourth-place drama presents many stylistic peculiarities. Προμηθεὺς Πυρκαεύς is then the satyr-play of the Prometheus tetralogy that was staged not long after 472. It is possible that Aeschylus restagedPVin Syracuse at the same time asPersae. A relationship with Pindar’sPyth. 1 and with Epicharmus reinforces the dating in 472. The third chapter deals with the problem of the third speaking actor in the prologue ofPV. The problem is approached through the technical contrivance of ὀκρίβας, which also answers the question of frontality in the staging of the prologue.
A darker side of business travel? Negative Folgen für den Geschäftsreisenden
Authors: Reif Julian , Eisenstein Bernd , Schmücker Dirk , Sonntag Ulf 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungRäumlich mobilen Menschen werden in der Regel hoher sozialer Status, Leistungsbereitschaft, Erfolg und Flexibilität zugeschrieben. Die „dunkle Seite“ der räumlichen Mobilität wird hierbei von einer gesellschaftlichen Mobilitätsverherrlichung überstrahlt. Der vorliegende Beitrag fokussiert sich auf das Segment der Geschäftsreisen. Anhand von Daten der „RA Business“ wird aus Nachfragesicht das Zusammenspiel zwischen Geschäftsreisen und deren negativen Auswirkungen beleuchtet. Im Fokus stehen dabei die von den Geschäftsreisenden wahrgenommenen und aus ihren Reisen resultierenden negativen persönlichen Folgen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die persönlichen Vorteile von Geschäftsreisen deutlicher wahrgenommen werden, als die entsprechenden Nachteile. Andererseits zeigt sich, dass nahezu alle Geschäftsreisenden bereits Erfahrung mit Belastungen haben, die sich für sie in Verbindung mit der Geschäftsreisetätigkeit ergeben. Dabei können anhand der Anzahl der betroffenen Geschäftsreisenden drei Kategorien von Belastungsarten abgeleitet werden, bei denen bei einigen Belastungsarten ein Zusammenhang mit der Geschäftsreisehäufigkeit nachgewiesen werden kann. Die Mehrheit der Vielreisenden geht jedoch offenbar gerne auf Geschäftsreise. Belastungen werden dabei in Kauf genommen.
Measuring sustainability in tourism destinations
Authors: Eckert Elena , Hartmann Rainer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine how the sustainability assessment of a tourism destination can be carried out while taking local conditions into account. The fact that every destination has its own features is often disregarded and a general set of sustainability indicators is used to measure sustainability in all tourism destinations. The question is, if imposing a universal system on destinations with particular features will inevitably result in a superficial analysis that disregards the specific local circumstances. The focus of this paper therefore lies in discussing approaches, opportunities, risks and challenges for the addition of contextual features into the destination assessment process. The paper is based on a case study conducted in Windhoek, Namibia. Central findings are, that the extent to which the indicator set needs to be adapted depends on the purpose of the assessment and on the characteristics of the destination. Recommendations and a refinement of the assessment methodology for the evaluation of sustainability in destinations with different local conditions are provided.
Einfluss des Urlaubswetters auf das Reklamationsverhalten von Ferienhausgästen
Authors: Zeiss Harald 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungReiseentscheidungen werden von klimatischen Bedingungen und Wetterverhältnissen in der Destination abhängig gemacht. Das Wetter im Urlaub hat einen großen Einfluss auf das Urlaubserlebnis. Dieser Artikel untersucht, ob schlechtes Wetter zu einer höheren Reklamations-rate bei Ferienhausgästen führt. Dafür wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Beschwerde-verhalten und den Wetterelementen Temperatur, Niederschlag, Windgeschwindigkeit und Luftfeuchtigkeit untersucht. Ein Zusammenhang konnte jedoch nicht angewiesen werden.
„Religiöse Bildung in Zeiten der Corona-Pandemie“ – Spiegelungen aus Online-Begegnungen zur Situation von Lehrkräften
Authors: Pirker Viera 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Selten ist Schule so vieldimensional sichtbar geworden wie im zweiten Quartal 2020. Ihre Funktionen in der Gesellschaft, die Interessen und Voraussetzungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler sowie der Lehrkräfte, das Engagement und die unterrichtlichen Praktiken einzelner Lehrkräfte haben mediale Aufmerksamkeit erlangt. Lehrerinnen und Lehrer haben ihre Erfahrungen zudem online thematisiert und diskutiert. Die Schulschließung aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie hat auch Religionslehrkräfte erheblich gefordert. Der vorliegende Beitrag rekapituliert aus teilnehmender Beobachtung gewonnene Einschätzungen zur Situation von Religionslehrkräften im deutschsprachigen Raum in der Corona-Zeit, wie sie sich in Online-Begegnungen und Wahrnehmungen auf Social Network Sites wie Twitter und Facebook dargestellt haben.
EXISTENTIAL ISOLATION, LONELINESS, DEPRESSION, AND SUICIDE IDEATION IN YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Helm Peter J. , Medrano Michael R. , Allen John J. B. , Greenberg Jeff 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The relationships between loneliness, depression, and suicide ideation have been well established in the literature. Yet almost no research has examined how feelings of existential isolation (EI; Yalom, 1980), a form of interpersonal isolation conceptually similar, but distinct from loneliness, relates to depressive symptomology or suicide ideation. Method: Four independent samples of undergraduates completed measures of loneliness, depression (which included a suicide ideation item), and EI. Results: We find EI and loneliness both independently predict depression and suicide ideation, as well as interact to predict greater depression, such that those who are both existentially isolated and lonely report the greatest depression. Moreover, those with both high loneliness and high EI report an average depression that qualifies them for mild clinical depression according to established clinical cutoffs. Discussion: Our findings suggest EI and loneliness may be independent antecedents for depression. Implications for interventions are discussed.
Evaluación de diluyentes para la refrigeración de semen de conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Suárez A. Camila , Sierra P. Aarón , Restrepo M. David , Duque C. Juan E. , Restrepo B. Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el uso de diferentes diluyentes para la refrigeración de semen de conejo y su efecto sobre la calidad espermática. Se utilizaron 30 muestras de semen de 10 conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) sexualmente maduros. Cada muestra se diluyó separadamente en proporción 1:10 en cuatro diluyentes, compuestos por leche descremada y azucares (T1); dextrosa, citrato sódico y acetato potásico (T2); caseinatos de sodio, fosfatos y azúcares (T3); y tris-ácido cítrico y yema de huevo (T4). El semen se mantuvo a 16 °C durante 72 horas. Al momento de la dilución y cada 24 horas se evaluó la movilidad total (MT), la movilidad progresiva (MP) y la cinética espermática con el sistema Sperm Class Analizer®, y la viabilidad y la morfología mediante la tinción con eosina-nigrosina. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante modelos mixtos y la comparación de medias por la prueba de Duncan. Al momento de la dilución (0 h), se observó una MT inferior para T2 y T4 en comparación con T1 y T3 (p<0.05). Este mismo efecto se observó a las 24 h de refrigeración, mientras a las 48 h la MT fue inferior para T2, respecto a T1, T3 y T4 (p<0.05). La MP fue igualmente superior para T1 y T3 a las 0, 24 y 48 h (p<0.05). Se halló un descenso en la morfología normal a las 72 h para T4 (p<0.05). Se observó una mayor conservación de la viabilidad en el tiempo para T1 y T3 (p<0.05). Se concluye que los diluyentes compuestos por leche descremada o caseinatos con azucares protegen de forma más eficiente los espermatozoides de conejo conservados mediante refrigeración.