bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased mandibular cortical bone quality after botulinum toxin injections in masticatory muscles in female adults
Authors: Hong Seok Woo , Kang Jeong-Hyun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify how masticatory muscle atrophy induced by botulinum toxin (BTX) injection affects cortical bone quality of the mandible using 3D modeling technology. A total of 39 young (26.9 ± 6.0 years) and 38 post-menopausal (55.3 ± 6.3 years) females were included. Computed tomography (CT) images were obtained before and after 12 months of treatment. Predictor variables were application of a stabilization splint, and/or two times of BTX injection in the bilateral temporalis and masseter muscles within a six-month interval. Outcome variables were changes in average Hounsfield units (HU) and cortical thickness of region of interest (ROI). 3D mandibular models were reconstructed using CT images, and models were used to calculate average HU and cortical thickness of ROIs, including inferior half of the lateral surface of ascending ramus, coronoid process, and temporomandibular joint condyle. Cortical bone quality at muscle insertion site was influenced by decreased muscle thickness but seemed not to be affected by decreased functional loading. Reduced functional loading seemed to influence cortical bone quality of the condyles. These effects were more remarkable in post-menopausal females. Hence, decreased masticatory muscle thickness may lead to alterations of the mandibular cortical structures, especially in post-menopausal females.
Captivity-induced metabolic programming in an endangered felid: implications for species conservation
Authors: Reeves Jessica , Smith Carl , Dierenfeld Ellen S. , Whitehouse-Tedd Katherine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReintroduction of captive-bred individuals into the wild is an important conservation activity. However, environmental conditions can influence developmental programming, potentially causing metabolic disorders in adults. These effects are investigated here for the first time in an endangered species. Using body weight and feed intake data for Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) (n = 22), we compared the growth of captive versus wild born and/or reared individuals. Captive-born individuals gained weight as a function of calorie intake, unlike wild-born individuals. When compared with females reared in the wild, captive-reared females achieved a larger body size, without evidence of obesity. Captivity-associated changes to metabolic programming may compromise survival in the wild if an increased body size incurs a greater energy requirement. Large body size may also confer a competitive advantage over smaller, wild-born individuals, disrupting the social organisation of existing wild populations, and inferring long-term implications for the phenotypic composition of wild populations.
Level of obesity is directly associated with the clinical and functional consequences of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Raud Benjamin , Gay Chloé , Guiguet-Auclair Candy , Bonnin Armand , Gerbaud Laurent , Pereira Bruno , Duclos Martine , Boirie Yves , Coudeyre Emmanuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObesity is one of the most important risk factors of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but its impact on clinical and functional consequences is less clear. The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe the relation between body mass index (BMI) and clinical expression of KOA. Participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and KOA completed anonymous self-administered questionnaires. They were classified according to BMI in three groups: overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2), stage I obesity (BMI 30–35 kg/m2) and stage II/III obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2). The groups were compared in terms of pain, physical disability, level of physical activity (PA) and fears and beliefs concerning KOA. Among the 391 individuals included, 57.0% were overweight, 28.4% had stage I obesity and 14.6% had stage II/III obesity. Mean pain score on a 10-point visual analog scale was 4.3 (SD 2.4), 5.0 (SD 2.6) and 5.2 (SD 2.3) with overweight, stage I and stage II/III obesity, respectively (p = 0.0367). The mean WOMAC function score (out of 100) was 36.2 (SD 20.1), 39.5 (SD 21.4) and 45.6 (SD 18.4), respectively (p = 0.0409). The Knee Osteoarthritis Fears and Beliefs Questionnaire total score (KOFBEQ), daily activity score and physician score significantly differed among BMI groups (p = 0.0204, p = 0.0389 and p = 0.0413, respectively), and the PA level significantly differed (p = 0.0219). We found a dose–response relation between BMI and the clinical consequences of KOA. Strategies to treat KOA should differ by obesity severity. High PA level was associated with low BMI and contributes to preventing the clinical consequences of KOA.
Scalable radiative thermal logic gates based on nanoparticle networks
Authors: Kathmann Christoph , Reina Marta , Messina Riccardo , Ben-Abdallah Philippe , Biehs Svend-Age 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe discuss the design of the thermal analog of logic gates in systems made of a collection of nanoparticles. We demonstrate the possibility to perform NOT, OR, NOR, AND and NAND logical operations at submicrometric scale by controlling the near-field radiative heat exchanges between their components. We also address the important point of the role played by the inherent non-additivity of radiative heat transfer in the combination of logic gates. These results pave the way to the development of compact thermal circuits for information processing and thermal management.
Psychological stress, cognitive decline and the development of dementia in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Sussams Rebecca , Schlotz Wolff , Clough Zoe , Amin Jay , Simpson Sharon , Abbott Amelia , Beardmore Rebecca , Sharples Richard , Raybould Rachel , Brookes Keeley , Morgan Kevin , Culliford David , Holmes Clive 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo determine the relationship between psychological stress with cognitive outcomes in a multi-centre longitudinal study of people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) we assessed three parameters of psychological stress (Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (RLCQ); the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and salivary cortisol) and their relationship with rates of cognitive decline over an 18 month follow up period and conversion to dementia over a 5.5 year period. In 133 aMCI and 68 cognitively intact participants the PSS score was higher in the aMCI compared with control group but neither the RLCQ scores nor salivary cortisol measures were different between groups. In the aMCI group the RLCQ and the PSS showed no significant association with cognitive function at baseline, cognitive decline or with conversion rates to dementia but high salivary cortisol levels were associated with RLCQ scores and poorer cognitive function at baseline and lower rates of cognitive decline. No relationship was found between salivary cortisol levels and conversion rate to dementia. We conclude that psychological stress as measured by the RLCQ or PSS was not associated with adverse cognitive outcomes in an aMCI population and hypothesise that this may reflect diminished cortisol production to psychological stress as the disease progresses.
Spectrophotometric and chromatographic strategies for exploring of the nanostructure pharmaceutical formulations which contains testosterone undecanoate
Authors: Butnariu Monica , Sarac Ioan , Samfira Ionel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe nanostructure pharmaceutical formulations (NPF) which contains testosterone undecanoate (TU) been used in life science as parent compound delivery systems for therapeutic, but and been used to enhance the performance in sport, so it is a significant substance for public health and nutritional supplements. In most Pharmacopoeias testosterone is described as an ester of some lower acids (often propionate). The aim of this study is to determine purity of the parent compound by chromatography and absorption spectrum in the frame of middle infrared. Chemical structure of undecanoate was prepared and used in order to achieve a better absorption. This is explained by increased lipophilicity of undecanoate. Due to its lipophilic character, TU is soluble in non–polar solvents but shows a satisfactory solubility in absolute ethanol. Based on the molecular structure, a moderate absorption in the frame of UV with a maximum absorption at a not too high wave-length can be predicted. Maximum absorption occurs in a spectral region in which usual ingredients do not present significant interference.
The enhancement of excitonic emission crossing Saha equilibrium in trap passivated CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite
Authors: Mariano Fabrizio , Cretì Arianna , Carbone Luigi , Genco Armando , D’Agostino Stefania , Carallo Sonia , Montagna Giovanni , Lomascolo Mauro , Mazzeo Marco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetal-halide semiconductor perovskites have received great attention for the development of stable and efficient light emitting diodes and lasers, since they combine high charge carrier mobility and light emission spectral-purity with low-cost fabrication methods. Nevertheless, the role of excitons, free carries and trap states in perovskite light emission properties is still unclear due to their interdependence. In this paper we selectively manage trapping and light emission mechanisms by a reversible laser-assisted trap-passivation process performed on a CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite layer, coupled to the inner modes of a high-quality micro-cavity, which only affects the radiative recombination. We show that photoluminescence is dominated by exciton radiative decay process and that trap states passivation increases the exciton gemination rate by reducing coulombic scattering of free electrons due to the ionized impurities. This picture provides a more general description than the model based on trap states-free Saha thermodynamic equilibrium between photo-generated species.
A Randomized Study on the Efficacy of Music Therapy on Pain and Anxiety in Nasal Septal Surgery
Authors: Gogoularadja Avinash , Bakshi Satvinder Singh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction Nasal septal surgery is one of the most common surgeries performed by otolaryngology surgeons; however, anxiety before surgery and postoperative pain remain a significant cause of morbidity. The search for a complimentary modality to reduce the symptoms and side effects has gained momentum in recent years.
Objective Music therapy is an exciting and inexpensive modality in this regard, but scientific evidence in terms of randomized clinical trials is still lacking for common otolaryngology surgeries. Hence, we performed the present study.
Method The sample of our study was composed of 59 patients, 30 of which were submitted to conventional medicine, while the remaining 29 were submitted to both conventional medicine and music therapy with music of their own choice, with 2 sessions per day, each lasting 30 minutes. This was performed using the generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale and the pain visual analogue scale until postoperative day 2, when the patients were discharged from the hospital.
Result On comparing the anxiety and pain scores between the two groups, the group who underwent music therapy showed a statistically significant reduction in anxiety both preoperatively (p < 0.0001) and postoperatively (p < 0.0001), as well as reduced postoperative pain starting from day 0 (p < 0.001), which continued until postoperative day 2 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Music therapy is an effective adjunct in the control of anxiety and postoperative pain following nasal septal surgery.
Vestibular Syndromes in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Duarte Juliana Antoniolli , Leão Elisa Morais , Fragano Daniel Sobral , Marquez Germana Jardim , Pires Anna Paula Batista de Ávila , Silva Maria Laura Solferini , Ganança Fernando Freitas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroduction The prevalence of vestibular disorders in childhood ranges from 0.4% to 15%; they may be the result of several factors, but most of the time it's an episodic vestibular syndrome related to migraine equivalents.Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of children with vestibular signs and symptoms.Methods The present cross-sectional study evaluated data from the records of patients treated in an outpatient pediatric neurotology clinic over a 10-year period. These data included sociodemographic and clinical variables, results of complementary examinations, the treatment provided, and the clinical evolution.Results The sample was composed of 117 patients, with 54.7% of female subjects with a mean age of 10 years. The most prevalent diagnosis was benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood (BPVC) (41.9%), followed by vestibular migraine (16.2%). The most prevalent complaint was vertigo (53.9% of the cases). Most patients (66.7%) had inadequate eating habits. Improvement of symptoms was observed in 40.4% of the patients treated with dietary guidance alone. In 80% of the cases, dietary counseling in combination with vestibular rehabilitation therapy achieved therapeutic success without the need of a drug treatment.Conclusion The predominant diagnosis was of BPVC, and its close relationship with the personal and family history of migraine, its benign evolution, and the importance of dietary guidance and vestibular rehabilitation for therapeutic success were observed.
The use of hyperlinking as evidential practice in Danish online hate speech
Authors: Millar Sharon , Nielsen Rasmus , Lindø Anna Vibeke , Geyer Klaus 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Using data from readers’ comments to news articles from a national Danish newspaper, the article addresses the
nature and function of hyperlinks as evidential practice in relation to xenophobic hate speech. Hyperlinks refer to the use of URL
addresses to link to websites; hate speech is understood broadly as stigmatising discourse. Adopting a discursive approach to
evidentiality that accounts for a range of phenomena including source of knowledge, participant roles, epistemic stance and
interactional force, hate speech related hyperlinks and their evidential functions were identified. While not prevalent in number,
hyperlinks serve to legitimise negative stances towards minority groups but also support counter speech targeting prejudicial
views. Links can be used as part of processes of metaphorical shift and sarcasm as well as to provoke hate speech in comment
threads. As URL addresses are frequently textual, they can have evidential functions independent of the material that they link
to.
Civil courage as a communicative act
Authors: Iganski Paul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hate violence which denigrates a person’s social identity
whether it involves physical or verbal aggression off or online – is a
communicative act. It transmits a message to the victim that they are devalued
and unwelcome. It is a marginalising and exclusionary message. Answering back to
hate violence by challenging hateful expression is one way of responding. It is
a form of ‘civil courage’. Yet why should anybody want to take a stand and speak out – given
the risks involved that perpetrators might turn on those who intervene or
respond in some other way? This paper proposes that the importance of civil
courage goes beyond being the right thing to do, or the humane thing, when a
bystander witnesses hate violence off- or online. Instead, if we comprehend hate
violence as a communicative act, and if we understand the particular impact of
the exclusionary message it sends (and understand how bystander inaction can
magnify the felt sense of social exclusion), then we might appreciate the
potential value of an act of civil courage in response. There is a moral
imperative for civil courage as it answers back to hate violence by sending an
inclusionary message to the victim – as reasoned in this paper.
A New Suturing Method for Optimal Wound Healing: Technique and Experience
Authors: Abboud Nicolas M , El Hajj Hiba , Abboud Sofie , Dibo Saad , Abboud Marwan H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Wound closure utilizing barbed sutures has been associated with healing problems, such as thread extrusion, infection, and the increase of an inflammatory response around the scar.

Objectives
In our study, the senior author described a novel technique of skin incision and wound closure based on de-epithelization and bi-layer tension-free closure that minimizes complications.

Methods
In this retrospective study, the authors reviewed the evolution of wound healing for the novel technique developed by the senior author by analyzing clinical reports of 817 patients who underwent surgery for abdominoplasty or breast reduction utilizing power-assisted liposuction mammaplasty with the new incision and closure technique. In addition, three separate plastic surgeons reviewed the wound characteristics and overall appearance by analyzing photographs that were taken over the course of 12 months to document the healing process.

Results
The overall complication rate was 14.1%, with 0.4% hematoma, 1.25% infection, 0.8% seroma, 1.5% necrosis, 3.75% erythema, 3.3% delayed wound healing, and 3.1% suture extrusion. The authors reported the rate of step-off border (9%), contour irregularities (6.5%), margin separation (1.25%), edge inversion (3.2%), excessive distortion (0.9%), and bad overall appearance (6.4%) of the cases.

Conclusions
This new technique in wound incision and closure based on de-epithelization and bilayer tension-free closure reduces the complications associated with barbed sutures.
A multifocal approach towards understanding the complexities of carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in rice grains
Authors: Chettry Upasna , Chrungoo Nikhil K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCarotenoids are mostly C40 terpenoids that participate in several important functions in plants including photosynthesis, responses to various forms of stress, signal transduction and photoprotection. While the antioxidant potential of carotenoids is of particular importance for human health, equally important is the role of β-carotene as the precursor for vitamin A in the human diet. Rice, which contributes upto 40% of dietary energy for mankind, contains very low level of β-carotene, thereby making it an important crop for enhancing β-carotene accumulation in its grains and consequently targeting vitamin A deficiency. Biosynthesis of carotenoids in the endosperm of white rice is blocked at the first enzymatic step wherein geranylgeranyl diphosphate is converted to phytoene by the action of phytoene synthase (PSY). Strategies aimed at enhancing β-carotene levels in the endosperm of white rice identified Narcissus pseudonarcissus (npPSY) and bacterial CRT1 as the regulators of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in rice. Besides transcriptional regulation of PSY, posttranscriptional regulation of PSY expression by OR gene, molecular synergism between ε-LCY and β-LCY and epigenetic control of CRITSO through SET DOMAIN containing protein appear to be the other regulatory nodes which regulate carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation in rice grains. In this review, we elucidate a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid metabolism in crops that will enable us to identify an effective tool to alleviate carotenoid content in rice grains.
Bortezomib at therapeutic doses poorly passes the blood–brain barrier and does not impair cognition
Authors: Huehnchen Petra , Springer Andreas , Kern Johannes , Kopp Ute , Kohler Siegfried , Alexander Tobias , Hiepe Falk , Meisel Andreas , Boehmerle Wolfgang , Endres Matthias 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The 26S proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is currently used to treat multiple myeloma but also is effective in the treatment of antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders. One clinical concern is bortezomib’s toxicity towards the (central) nervous system. We used standardized neuropsychological testing to assess cognitive function in six patients with myasthenia gravis and systemic lupus erythematodes before and after treatment with a mean cumulative dose of 9.4 mg m−2 bortezomib. In addition, cognitive performance was measured in adult C57Bl/6 mice after treatment with a human equivalent cumulative dose of 15.6 mg m−2. Bortezomib concentrations were analysed in the human CSF as well as the brain tissue and serum of adult C57Bl/6 mice at various time points after the injection of 1.3 mg m−2 bortezomib with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Neither patients nor mice showed signs of cognitive impairment after bortezomib therapy. Bortezomib concentrations in the human CSF and murine brain tissue reached only 5–7% of serum concentrations with comparable concentrations measured in the hippocampus and the neocortex. Five-fold higher concentrations were needed to damage neuronal cells in vitro. In conclusion, penetration of the intact blood–brain barrier by bortezomib is low. Overall, our data show that bortezomib is a safe medication in terms of central nervous system toxicity.
A case report of malignant primary pericardial mesothelioma with atypical imaging appearance: multimodality imaging with histopathological correlation
Authors: Banišauskaitė Audra , Jankauskas Antanas , Šarauskas Valdas , Aržanauskaitė Monika 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a rare primary cardiac malignancy, with three main histopathological types, sarcomatoid histotype being the rarest. The imaging features were atypical due to concomitant extensive calcification, which resulted in aggravated differential diagnosis.

Case summary
A 45-year-old man presented to our hospital with non-specific clinical symptoms. According to clinical history, a mediastinal tumour had been suspected with a previous unsuccessful attempt of transthoracic computed tomography-guided biopsy at an overseas hospital with limited data of performed imaging procedures. Multimodality imaging at our centre revealed extensively calcified solid masses in the pericardium, invading the left atrium. As the imaging features suggested an atypical primary pericardial malignancy, a diagnostic thoracoscopy was performed. Histopathological analysis of specimen revealed sarcomatoid type of pericardial mesothelioma with areas of necrosis and foci of osteogenic differentiation. Despite planned treatment, 2 weeks after histological diagnosis, the patient passed away due to perforated peptic ulcer-related sepsis.

Discussion
The presence of extensive calcification in the lesion resulted in a challenging imaging workup and diagnosis. Initial differential diagnosis included primary or metastatic calcification-prone tumour, secondary calcification due to haemorrhage after previous interventional procedure and other pathologies, such as tuberculous pericarditis, calcified amorphous tumour, among others. Calcification may be part of the histological tumour characteristics; however, proper history taking is crucial as concomitant diseases, previous treatment, and interventional procedures may alter the imaging pattern.