bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial Biomarkers of De Novo Lipogenesis Fatty Acids and Incident Heart Failure in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Lee Yujin , Lai Heidi T. M. , de Oliveira Otto Marcia C. , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , McKnight Barbara , King Irena B. , Song Xiaoling , Huggins Gordon S. , Vest Amanda R. , Siscovick David S. , Mozaffarian Dariush 
Published: February 2020

Background

De novo lipogenesis (
DNL
) is an endogenous pathway that converts excess dietary starch, sugar, protein, and alcohol into specific fatty acids (
FA
s). Although elevated
DNL
is linked to several metabolic abnormalities, little is known about how long‐term habitual levels and changes in levels of
FA
s in the
DNL
pathway relate to incident heart failure (
HF
).

Methods and Results

We investigated whether habitual levels and changes in serial measures of
FA
s in the
DNL
pathway were associated with incident
HF
among 4249 participants free of
HF
at baseline. Plasma phospholipid
FA
s were measured at baseline, 6 years, and 13 years using gas chromatography, and risk factors for
HF
were measured using standardized methods. Incident
HF
was centrally adjudicated using medical records. We prospectively evaluated associations with
HF
risk of (1) habitual
FA
levels, using cumulative updating to assess long‐term exposure, and (2) changes in
FA
levels over time. During 22.1 years of follow‐up, 1304
HF
cases occurred. After multivariable adjustment, habitual levels and changes in levels of palmitic acid (16:0) were positively associated with incident
HF
(interquintile hazard ratio [95%
CI
]=1.17 [1.00‐1.36] and 1.26 [1.03‐1.55], respectively). Changes in levels of 7‐hexadecenoic acid (16:1n‐9) and vaccenic acid (18:1n‐7) were each positively associated with risk of
HF
(1.36 [1.13‐1.62], and 1.43 [1.18‐1.72], respectively). Habitual levels and changes in levels of myristic acid (14:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1n‐7), stearic acid (18:0), and oleic acid (18:1n‐9) were not associated with incident
HF
.

Conclusions

Both habitual levels and changes in levels of 16:0 were positively associated with incident
HF
in older adults. Changes in 16:1n‐9 and 18:1n‐7 were also positively associated with incident
HF
. These findings support a potential role of
DNL
or these
DNL
‐related
FA
s in the development of
HF
.
Chinese State and Buddhist Historical Sources on Xuanzang: Historicity and the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳
Authors: Kotyk Jeffrey 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the historicity of state and Buddhist accounts of the monk Xuanzang 玄奘 (602-664), arguing that in the reconstruction of Xuanzang’s life and career we ought to utilize the former to help adjudicate the latter. It is specifically argued that the Daci’en si sanzang fashi zhuan 大慈恩寺三藏法師傳 (T. no. 2053), a biography of Xuanzang sometimes cited by modern scholars, was produced as Buddhist propaganda to advance the standing of certain monks under the reign of Wu Zetian 武則天 (r. 690-705). It is further argued that the objectivity of the Buddhist account that describes Emperor Taizong 太宗 (r. 626-649) embracing Buddhism in his twilight years under the influence of Xuanzang ought to be reconsidered.
Spiritual Encounters with Nature
Authors: Bratton Susan Power 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mitchell (2016) proposes shared stories and religious background are unimportant to hiker spiritual experience on John Muir National Trail, USA. This study analyzes surveys from 265 volunteer day-hikes in three settings: urban, suburban natural area, and wildland; representing three modes of hiking: goal-directed, nature observation, and meditative. Overall, setting produced more statistically significant differences (22 of 25) among locale descriptors than the mode did (3 of 25). Sacred was more closely associated with descriptors of lack of human presence, than those related to biodiversity. Association of the sacred with higher elevations and mountain wildlands rather than with wetlands implies a pre-existing shared story. Nature oriented and meditative hiking accentuated perception of values, such as educational, humbling, sacred and wondrous, providing evidence that religious practice influences hiker perception. Suburban natural areas, which are more accessible to urban residents than wildlands, received ratings competing with wildlands in terms of personal benefits.
Erasmus and His Paraphrases on the New Testament: What Kind of Enterprise?
Authors: Bloemendal Jan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This 2019 Lecture explores Erasmus’ Paraphrases on the New Testament, which were among his main publications in the field of religion, next to his Novum Testamentum and his edition of the Opera of St Jerome. The Paraphrases were a complex enterprise in which many sides of such a publication convene: commerce and self-fashioning, literature, rhetoric, theology and religion. Ultimately, Erasmus probably wished to surpass Jerome, by offering tools for his fellow believers to obtain eternal salvation. To this aim, he presented Jesus as the exemplary teacher, but above all as the pastor bonus.
Interaction of Urban Heat Island Effects and Land–Sea Breezes during a New York City Heat Event
Authors: Bauer Timothy J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe state of knowledge of the effects of urban heat islands is advanced through investigation of a heat event in the highly complex coastal environment of New York City (NYC) by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and surface observations in the NYC metropolitan area to evaluate heat retention at high- and low-temperature times during 18–20 July 2013. Urban surface air temperatures are 1°–2°C higher than rural temperatures throughout the daytime and increase to 3°–5°C higher during the night. Lack of a land–sea temperature gradient prevents development of a land breeze during the night. A land–sea temperature difference approaching 20°C leads to sea-breeze effects during 18 July that reduce daytime skin temperatures, but higher winds greatly reduce the sea breeze during 19 July. WRF Model data are generated using three urban parameterization schemes. The most sophisticated multilayer urban parameterization proves to be most accurate when compared with surface observation data. Errors between WRF Model data and surface observations are attributed to assigned coastal sea surface temperatures, excessive building drag, and too little urban heat retention. Adjustments to the input parameters to the multilayer scheme improved accuracy to lead to the control simulation used for urban heat island effects and land–sea-breeze analysis. NYC building interaction with the synoptic flow generates urban drag and wake effects, although relatively high winds limit their extent. Urban flow results and identified model errors support the development and deployment of the best urban parameterization scheme.
How Robust is the Asian Precipitation–ENSO Relationship during the Industrial Warming Period (1901–2017)?
Authors: Wang Bin , Luo Xiao , Liu Jian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInstrumental observations (1901–2017) are used to uncover the seasonality, regionality, spatial–temporal coherency, and secular change of the relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Asian precipitation (AP). We find an abrupt seasonal reversal of the AP–ENSO relationship occurring from October to November in a large area of Asia north of 20°N due to a rapid northward shift of the ENSO-induced subsidence from Indonesia to the Philippines. We identified six subregions that have significant correlations with ENSO over the past 116 years with |r| > 0.5 (p < 0.001). Regardless of the prominent subregional differences, the total amount of AP during a monsoon year (from May to the next April) shows a robust response to ENSO with r = −0.86 (1901–2017), implying a 4.5% decrease in the total Asian precipitation for 1° of SST increase in the equatorial central Pacific. Rainfall in tropical Asia (Maritime Continent, Southeast Asia, and India) shows a stable relationship with ENSO with significant 31-yr running correlation coefficients (CCs). However, precipitation in North China, the East Asian winter monsoon front zone, and arid central Asia exhibit unstable relationships with ENSO. Since the 1950s, the AP–ENSO relationships have been enhanced in all subregions except over India. A major factor that determines the increasing trends of the AP–ENSO relationship is the increasing ENSO amplitude. Notably, the AP response is asymmetric with respect to El Niño and La Niña and markedly different between the major and minor ENSO events. The results provide guidance for seasonal prediction and a metric for assessment of climate models’ capability to reproduce the Asian hydroclimate response to ENSO and projected future change.
Wave Climate Patterns from Spatial Tracking of Global Long-Term Ocean Wave Spectra
Authors: Jiang Haoyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLong-term wave spectral statistics can provide a better description of wave climate than integrated wave parameters because several wave climate systems (WCSs) generated by different wind climate systems can coexist at the same location. In this study, global wave climate patterns are presented by spatially tracking point-wise long-term wave spectra (probability density distributions of wave spectral partitions) from a WAVEWATCH III hindcast, providing new insights into global wave climate. Tens of well-defined WCSs, which are generated in different source regions by different wind systems, including prevailing westerlies, polar easterlies, trade winds, and monsoons, were identified. These WCSs are independent of each other because wave systems from different origins travel independently. The spatial distributions of these WCSs can illustrate the entire life cycle of ocean waves, from being generated as dominant wind-seas to becoming less dominant swells in far fields, from a climatic point of view. The mean wave directions in WCS patterns, especially those in westerlies-generated WCSs, are generally in agreement with the great circles on Earth’s surface, which display the propagation routes of ocean swells.
Monsoonal Influences on Offshore Rapid Intensification of Landfalling Typhoons in a Sheared Environment over the South China Sea
Authors: Qiu Wenyu , Wu Liguang , Ren Fumin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) formed in the western North Pacific and South China Sea can undergo rapid intensification (RI) shortly before making landfall in China. Forecasting such offshore RI is a great challenge in operations. In this study the offshore RI events in a sheared environment are examined for TCs that made landfall in China during 1979–2017. It is found that there were only three offshore RI events in a sheared environment, all of which occurred to the south of Hainan Island within the monsoon trough in early to mid-July, coinciding with the termination of the mei-yu season. The specific geographic location and timing of the occurrence of the offshore RI in the sheared environment is associated with the adjustment of the East Asia summer monsoon system when the mei-yu season terminates in the Yangtze River valley. In addition to the adjustment favorable for TC intensification by enhancing the TC–trough interaction in the upper troposphere, this study suggests that two environmental factors also contribute to the offshore RI over the South China Sea in a sheared environment. One is the intrusion of dry air associated with the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) and the other is the penetration of the water vapor flux associated with the monsoon surge. The adjustment of the East Asia summer monsoon system allows the water vapor flux of the monsoon surge to penetrate the TC circulation and prevents the dry air of the WNPSH from intruding into the TC circulation.
From Clinical Practice to Academic Student Instruction: Understanding the Clinical Instructor’s Perspective Using a Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Swart Ruth , Hall Marc 
Published: February 2020

Background Clinical instructors (CIs) are important to the provision of real-world experiential learning because they teach, mentor, and support students in clinical practice settings in higher education programs. CIs experience tensions that influence their retention and impact the sustainability of consistent, quality education for students. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of being a CI and how to better support them. Methods CIs in a nursing faculty at a Western Canadian university were approached to participate. Data collection included a survey ( n = 17) with questions asking about the importance of and their ability to prepare, teach, and mentor nursing students in practice. Individual interviews ( n = 6) and a focus group ( n = 3) were conducted that asked CIs about their experiences and challenges. Analysis included descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results Participants indicated feeling unprepared entering the instructor role. Key findings were the need to improve CI orientation so that it is more practical and meaningful, to increase peer support from other instructors, and to assist CIs’ transition into becoming educators. Conclusions Understanding CIs’ assessment of their needs can help institutions better support and retain them, promoting consistency and quality in practicum instruction.
Commuting time and sickness absence in China: Rural/urban variations and Hukou impacts
Authors: Guo Murong , Tang Kuang , Wang Zicheng 
Published: February 2020

This article addresses three main issues: the relationship between commute time and sickness absence, the heterogeneity of the commuting–absenteeism effect between rural migrants and urban citizens, and the effect of China’s Hukou system on the commuting–absenteeism effect. It applies a unique set of employer–employee matched data in China and a zero-inflated negative binomial model. We find clear evidence that a longer commuting time contributes to an increase in sickness absence. The heterogeneity of the commuting–absenteeism effect can also be confirmed: longer commuting leads to higher absence rates for urban citizens but not for rural migrants. Furthermore, we explore the effect of commuting on a set of health-related outcomes. The estimations demonstrate that commuting time has a significant impact on health-related outcomes for both migrants and urban citizens, but unequal access to housing provision and to social health insurance in the Hukou system may mean that rural migrants resort to more informal medical services and thus lack access to the official sickness certificate required to seek legal sickness absence. We recommend accelerated reform of the Hukou system to encourage rural workers to seek appropriate and timely medical services, thereby reducing public health risks. JEL Codes: I12, I14, J83, N35, N75
Treating the untreatable? The biopsychosocial treatment of delusional disorder: a case study
Authors: Goodwin Terri-ann , Lowry Tim J. , Meurk Carla , Neillie Darren 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Delusional disorder (DD) is well recognised, but its treatment is controversial. This article presents a case study that highlights the therapeutic benefits associated with assertive biopsychosocial treatment of DD. Method: The literature on pharmacological and psychological treatments for DD is briefly reviewed, and a case example from the Queensland Fixated Threat Assessment Centre is given to illustrate a comprehensive biopsychosocial treatment framework. Results: Combined pharmacological and psychosocial intervention resulted in stabilisation and improvement in mental state for the case described. Conclusions: There is an emergent evidence base for an assertive biopsychosocial approach to treating DD. The case study demonstrates that a range of therapeutic goals is achievable.
Australian military and veteran’s mental health care part 1: an introduction to cultural essentials for clinicians
Authors: Lane Jonathan , Wallace Duncan 
Published: February 2020

Objective: This article aims to define the cultural specificity of Australian military and veterans, and introduce some of the essential clinician knowledge, skills and attitudes required for effective cultural competence in the management of mental health (MH) conditions in this population. Conclusion: Military culture has the defining characteristics of the military as an organisation with a formal structure, as a cultural group governed by norms and shared values, and as a social group that provides people with identities. Key requirements for cultural competence introduced here are basic knowledge of the military structure, norms and identity; clinical skills including basic assessment and awareness of the commonly occurring MH disorders; and an exploration of attitudes of both the clinician and the military or veteran patient. Further research is needed, particularly in terms of assessing clinician’s cultural competence.
lncRNA ROR Promotes Gastric Cancer Drug Resistance
Authors: Wang Shuai , Chen Wujun , Yu Hualong , Song Zhengming , Li Qian , Shen Xin , Wu Yudong , Zhu Lei , Ma Qingxia , Xing Dongming 
Published: February 2020

Objective: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and for resectable tumors, the most effective treatment is surgery with chemotherapy in neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting. However, the majority of patients fail to achieve the ideal initial response and/or develop resistance to chemotherapy. It was reported that long noncoding RNA regulator of reprogramming (ROR) is highly associated with the progression of gastric cancer. However, the role ROR in multidrug resistance (MDR) remains unclear. Methods: The messenger RNA levels of 63 specimens of patients with gastric cancer were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis and were correlated with drug resistance and survival of patients. To determine the cellular functions of ROR, we generated gastric cancer MDR cells. The effect of ROR depletion on multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) expression and cell apoptosis were examined by immunoblotting analyses, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and flow cytometry. Results: We found that ROR expression levels are positively associated with increased MDR and poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Regulator of reprogramming expression is increased in gastric cancer cells resistant to adriamycin (ADR) and vincristine (VCR). Depletion of ROR reduced MRP1 expression and increased apoptosis of drug-resistant gastric cancer cells in response to ADR and VCR treatment. Conclusions: We demonstrated that ROR expression promotes MRP1 expression and MDR of gastric cancer cells and is correlated with increased MDR and poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Our finding highlighted the potential of targeting ROR to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Challenges in uncovering non-invasive biomarkers of endometriosis
Authors: Hudson Quanah J , Perricos Alexandra , Wenzl Rene , Yotova Iveta 
Published: February 2020

Endometriosis affects up to 10% of women of childbearing age, causing symptoms that can include chronic pelvic pain and reduced fertility. The symptoms are not specific to the disease and can be confused with other gynecological conditions or normal menstruation. Currently, the disease can be only definitively diagnosed by laparoscopy, as no clinically accepted biomarker exists. Biomarker discovery can either follow a hypothesis-driven approach selecting targets to be tested based on current knowledge of the disease, or take an unbiased high-throughput screening “omics” approach, such as transcriptomics or proteomics, to identify markers that are unique or elevated in accessible bodily fluids of patients with the disease. Numerous studies have been conducted using these approaches to try and identify endometriosis biomarkers, but variabilities in study design, cohort selection, and analysis, together with the fact that most studies were small-scale, have made independent validation of biomarker candidates difficult. Therefore, efforts are underway to standardize cohort selection, patient data, and sample collection to allow better cross-study comparisons. Large scale multi-center studies using this standardized approach are necessary to validate existing endometriosis biomarker candidates and uncover potential new markers. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease, it is likely that a panel of biomarkers will be necessary to diagnose and categorize endometriosis. Impact statement Endometriosis is a common disease affecting reproductive age women, which is associated with chronic pain and reduced fertility reducing the quality of life of many women. Definitive diagnosis requires invasive laparoscopic surgery creating a high barrier to diagnosis that can delay the onset of treatment significantly. Clinically approved biomarkers of endometriosis are currently lacking, making the discovery and validation of biomarkers that would lead to earlier diagnosis a priority for improving treatment of the disease.
Cannabis Use and Sport: A Systematic Review
Authors: Docter Shgufta , Khan Moin , Gohal Chetan , Ravi Bheeshma , Bhandari Mohit , Gandhi Rajiv , Leroux Timothy 
Published: February 2020

Context: Cannabis use has increased, in large part due to decriminalization. Despite this increase in usage, it remains unclear what proportion of athletes use cannabis and what effect it has on athletic performance and recovery. Objective: To systematically review cannabis use among athletes, including epidemiology, effect on performance and recovery, and regulations for use in sport. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were queried from database inception through November 15, 2018. A hand search of policies, official documents, and media reports was performed for relevant information. Study Selection: All studies related to cannabis use in athletes, including impact on athletic performance or recovery, were included. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: Demographic and descriptive data of included studies relating to epidemiology of cannabis use in athletes were extracted and presented in weighted means or percentages where applicable. Results: Overall, 37 studies were included, of which the majority were cross-sectional studies of elite and university athletes. Among 11 studies reporting use among athletes (n = 46,202), approximately 23.4% of respondents reported using cannabis in the past 12 months. Two studies found a negative impact on performance, while another 2 studies found no impact. There was no literature on the influence of cannabis on athletic recovery. Across athletic organizations and leagues, there is considerable variability in acceptable thresholds for urine tetrahydrocannabinol levels (>15 to 150 ng/mL) and penalties for athletes found to be above these accepted thresholds. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that approximately 1 in 4 athletes report using cannabis within the past year. Based on the available evidence, cannabis does not appear to positively affect performance, but the literature surrounding this is generally poor. Given the variability in regulation across different sport types and competition levels, as well as the growing number of states legalizing recreational cannabis use, there is a need to improve our understanding of the effects of cannabis use on the athlete and perhaps adopt a clearer and overarching policy for the use of cannabis by athletes in all sports and at all levels.