bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience on primary closure of fibular flap donor sites and development of an algorithm for closure based on different flap designs
Authors: Feng Kuan‐Ming , Sudirman Siti R. , Shih Hsiang‐Shun , Jeng Seng‐Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost skin paddles of the fibula flap are harvested from the distal third of the lower leg, skin grafting for the donor‐site is necessary.MethodsA retrospective review was done on patients with large bony defects using free fibula osteocutaneous flaps (FOSCFF) for head and neck reconstruction. We focus on the techniques for closure of donor sites were skin grafting, primary closure with tear drop design and propeller flap technique on the donor site closure using skin graft, primary closure and local propeller flap based on the different location of perforators of FOSCFF. Postoperative follow up include incidence of wound complications, postoperative days to ambulation and cosmetic outcome.ResultsA total of 48 patients were included. Twenty five patients had skin graft (Group A), and 23 patients had primary closure (Group B); in 16 patients tear‐drop design was used, 6 had propeller flap, and the remaining 1 patient received a chimeric flap. Group A had more wound complication rates compared to Group B; 20% versus 4.3%, respectively (p = .19). The average postoperative days to ambulation for Group A were 15.1 days versus 7.3 days for Group B (p < .001). The cosmetic score in the B group (2.71) versus A group (4.89) was also statistically significant (p = .007). All the patients ambulated well at follow up.ConclusionPrimary closure using the tear drop technique and propeller flap is superior to skin grafting in terms of better cosmetic appearance, earlier postoperative ambulation, and no need for another donor site for skin graft.
How mobile NMR can help with the conservation of paintings
Authors: Awad Wegood M. , Baias Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe conservation of paintings is fundamental to ensure that future generations will have access to the ideas of the grand masters who created these art pieces. Many factors, such as humidity, temperature, light, and pollutants, pose a risk to the conservation of paintings. To help with painting conservation, it is essential to be able to noninvasively study how these factors affect paintings and to develop methods to investigate their effects on painting degradation. Hence, the use of mobile nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a method of investigation of paintings is gaining increased attention in the world of Heritage Science. In this mini‐review, we discuss how this method was used to better understand the stratigraphy of paintings and the effect different factors have on the painting integrity, to analyze the different cleaning techniques suitable for painting conservation, and to show how mobile NMR can be used to identify forgeries. It is also important to keep in mind its limitations and build upon this information to optimize it to extend its applicability to the study of paintings and other precious objects of cultural heritage.
Condensed Mode Cooling for Ethylene Polymerization: Part VI. Impact of Induced Condensing Agents on Comonomer Incorporation and Polymer Properties
Authors: Ishola Niyi B. , Andrade Fabiana N. , Machado Fabricio , McKenna Timothy F.L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGas phase copolymerizations of ethylene and an α‐olefin comonomer are performed using a commercial Ziegler–Natta catalyst in the presence of different induced condensing agents (ICA). The impact of these factors on the yield and final polyethylene properties such as the melt flow index, crystallinity, and incorporation of comonomer is studied. It has been shown that the increase in the rate of polymerization is even more pronounced in the presence of ICA. It also appears that adding ICA to the copolymerizations changes the comonomer incorporation with respect to similar copolymerizations performed without ICA due to competing cosolubility effects.
A Novel, Efficient Method for Otolith Specimen Preparation Using UV-Cured Resins
Authors: Strüssmann Carlos Augusto , Miyoshi Kaho , Mitsui Shota 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Otoliths are calcified structures that are located in the inner ears of fish, as in most vertebrates, that are responsible primarily for the perception of gravity, balance, and movement and secondarily of sound detection. Microstructural and chemical analyses of the inner otolith growth layers, called increments, constitute powerful tools for estimating fish age and elucidate many life history and demographic traits of fish populations. Otolith analyses often require the production of a thin cross section that includes the otolith core and all increments formed from birth (core) until the moment of collection (otolith edge) in the same plane of view. Here we report on the suitability of single-component UV-cured resins to obtain otolith cross sections for both microstructural examination and chemical analysis by electron probe microanalysis. Embedding blocks that were produced with UV-cured resins had transparency that was comparable to that of the commonly used two-component epoxy resins and provided similar adhesion and mechanical support for the otoliths during grinding or cutting with a precision cutter and analysis. In addition, UV-cured resins offer on-demand, extremely rapid (minute-order) hardening that makes them useful in classroom situations in which time for otolith embedding becomes a constraint.
Feelings of older Japanese primiparous couples and satisfaction of older primiparous wives with their husbands’ support during pregnancy: Focus on the perceptions of pregnant couples
Authors: Nakajima Kumiko , Usui Atsumi , Hayakawa Yuko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThis study was to explore the feelings of older primiparous wives and husbands and satisfaction of older primiparous wives with their husbands’ support during pregnancy.DesignThis study is a qualitative research design based on the characteristics of clarifying the recognition of older primiparous couples.MethodsParticipants were eight older Japanese primiparous couples. Older primiparous couple's feeling and support by husband during pregnancy were elected using semi‐structured interviews. The analysis was used by content analysis method.ResultsTwo categories of the couples' feeling during pregnancy included “Mental stress and physical burden associated with older age” and “Richness and strong will to actively accept the older age.” Three categories of the husbands’ support for wives’ satisfaction included “Empathy regarding the older primiparous wives,” “physical and mental health” and “Cooperation of housework with husband.” This study has greatly contributed to nursing support for marital relationships.
Wild assumptions? Questioning simplistic narratives about consumer preferences for wildlife products
Authors: Hinsley Amy , 't Sas‐Rolfes Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

That wildlife consumers prefer wild products to farmed alternatives is a widely reported finding in the conservation literature. These reported preferences for wild products have been interpreted as evidence that farming and associated trade undermine conservation efforts. These conclusions have then been used to influence policy recommendations and the design of conservation interventions related to use of farming itself, as well as to underpin consumer behaviour change campaigns.

However, for many species and products, the wild versus farmed narrative is based on assumptions that over‐simplify consumer behaviour and can lead to conclusions that do not recognize the complexity of real wildlife markets. These assumptions include the notions that consumers of the same products have homogeneous preferences, that wild and farmed are the only distinct product types available, and that these preferences do not change over time.

We highlight the difficulty in linking stated preferences and real‐world behaviour, due to confounding factors. A consumer who typically prefers wild products may be deterred by factors such as legality, high prices or even simple availability.

We recommend that researchers embrace these complex markets rather than trying to simplify them, and clearly state the limitations of studies that try to make the connection between stated preferences and actual behaviour. This includes considering the full range of products available, what or who might influence the actual purchasing decision a consumer makes, and the diversity of people who may buy wildlife products.

Considering this complexity is likely to improve evidence‐based recommendations for the design of large‐scale conservation interventions and policy changes. This will ensure that these interventions are better able to reduce the negative impacts on biodiversity from illegal and unsustainable trade, and promote sustainable trade that can benefit both people and wildlife.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Challenges in the development of new green solvents for polymer dissolution
Authors: Zhenova Anna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs chemical legislation grows more strict and the UK moves towards a bioeconomy, acceptable solvents for industrial dissolution of polymers are growing scarce. An estimated 78% of solvent use in the EU is in sectors such as paints and coatings, printing inks and adhesives, in which polymer dissolution is a critical function. Academic research in safe, sustainable solvents is growing, but largely in the field of reaction solvents, leaving solvents for polymers underdeveloped by comparison. This challenge can be addressed through the adoption of computational tools, improved communication between industry and academia and increased research funding. Recent progress in green solvent development provides a number of models that can be adapted to the problem of polymer dissolution research. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Performance measures of discrete and continuous time‐between‐events control charts
Authors: Rizzo Caterina , Chin Swee‐Teng , van den Heuvel Edwin , Di Bucchianico Alessandro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn increasing number of applications in the chemical industry involve measuring nonconforming items, particularly in high‐purity processes or high‐yield processes. Dedicated monitoring tools such as the time‐between‐events (TBE) control charts have been developed for both discrete time (CCC‐charts) and continuous time (tr‐charts) for detecting any shifts in the process defect rate. However, most common performance metrics used in literature are not always appropriate and may not suffice to describe the efficiency of a monitoring system. The definition of conditional performance measures described in the literature is extended to TBE charts. These metrics are computed for Shewhart‐type TBE charts with run rules and used to compare these charts at different aggregation levels.
Tailored multilevel approaches in vibrational structure theory: A route to quantum mechanical vibrational spectra for complex systems
Authors: König Carolin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVibrational spectroscopies have emerged as important tools to elucidate structures and processes in life sciences. The interpretation of vibrational spectra requires, in most cases, computational assistance and account for anharmonic effects. Pushing the size limitations of anharmonic vibrational structure calculations is therefore of great interest. Fortunately, interpretation of the experimental results often requires only a limited part of the vibrational spectrum. Hence, it can be expected that multilevel approaches, focusing computational effort on the relevant parts, are highly beneficial. Still, such approaches are rather sparse in the field of vibrational structure theory. In this perspective, we outline the present status on multilevel static vibrational wave functions and rectilinear vibrational coordinates. We further foresee how those ingredients can be combined to formulate a comprehensive multilevel vibrational structure framework.
Sarcoidosis presenting as hiccups
Authors: Neumann Melissa , Lazo Kevin G. , Stover Diane 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHiccups are common; however, hiccups caused by sarcoidosis have rarely been reported. An unusual case involving a patient with persistent hiccups possibly caused by hilar/mediastinal lymph node enlargement due to sarcoidosis prompted us to perform a literature search. Eight case reports relating hiccups to sarcoidosis were found and in only one case were the hiccups thought to be due to thoracic lymphadenopathy (LAD). Most cases were attributed to involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) with sarcoidosis. Management of hiccups in general is unclear and only chlorpromazine is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment; multiple other pharmacological agents have been advocated mostly being ineffective. This case report describes a patient whose hiccups were likely caused by thoracic sarcoidosis. It reviews the mechanisms of hiccups, explores co‐morbid conditions associated with hiccups (including sarcoidosis), and provides some recommended treatments.
Robust stabilization of nonlinear stochastic 2‐D systems: LaSalle‐type theorem approach
Authors: Lan‐Huong Nguyen Thi , Hien Le Van 
Published: June 2020

SummaryLaSalle theorem (also known as the LaSalle invariance principle) plays an essential role in the systems and control theory. Recently, it has been extensively studied and developed for various types of one‐dimensional (1‐D) systems including deterministic and stochastic 1‐D systems in discrete‐ and continuous‐time domains. For two‐dimensional (2‐D) systems, such studies have received considerably less attention. In this article, based on discrete martingale theory, a LaSalle‐type theorem is first developed for a class of discrete‐time nonlinear stochastic 2‐D systems described by a Roesser model. The proposed result can be regarded as an extension of stochastic Lyapunov‐like theorem, which guarantees the convergence almost surely of system state trajectories. Extensions to the problem of optimal guaranteed cost control of nonlinear stochastic 2‐D systems are also presented. The proposed schemes are then utilized to derive tractable synthesis conditions of a suboptimal state‐feedback controller for uncertain 2‐D systems with multiplicative stochastic noises. The effectiveness of the obtained results is illustrated by given numerical examples and simulations.
Active fault‐tolerant consensus control of Lipschitz nonlinear multiagent systems
Authors: Li Xiayang , Wang Jinzhi 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the active fault‐tolerant consensus problem for Lipschitz nonlinear multiagent systems under detailed balanced directed graph and actuator faults. First, a fault detection filter for each agent is designed, and all agents can be divided into two categories: healthy agents and possibly faulty agents. Second, fully distributed adaptive fault‐tolerant consensus protocols for healthy and possibly faulty agents are proposed to achieve state consensus. Third, based on the fault detection method and fault‐tolerant consensus protocols, active fault‐tolerant consensus algorithms are given. Simulation examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed active fault‐tolerant algorithms.
Numerical soil classification supports soil identification by citizen scientists using limited, simple soil observations
Authors: Maynard Jonathan J. , Salley Shawn W. , Beaudette Dylan E. , Herrick Jeffery E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccurately identifying the soil map unit component at a specific point‐location within a landscape is critical for implementing sustainable soil management. Recent developments in smartphone‐based technologies for characterizing soil profiles, coupled with improved numerical soil classification algorithms, have made it more accessible for non‐soil scientists to sample, characterize, and classify soil profiles. The main objective of this study was to evaluate an operational soil classification framework for identifying the soil component at a sampling‐location based on the numerical similarity of soil property values between the sampled soil profile and the soil components mapped in that area. To evaluate this soil identification framework, we used a subset of the U.S. National Cooperative Soil Survey Soil Characterization Database (NCSS–SCD) as our soil profile test dataset and the U.S. Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database as our reference dataset using profile data of soil components in the area surrounding each test profile. Numerical similarity was tested using soil property data representing different degrees of generalization, both in terms of generalizing depth‐wise variability (i.e., depth‐support) and generalizing across feature space (i.e., soil properties). Three soil property groups (i.e., Novice, Expert, Expert‐Plus) representing different levels of detail and three types of depth‐support (i.e., genetic horizon, depth intervals, and depth functions) were evaluated. Using a simple set of soil property inputs (i.e., Novice: soil texture class, rock fragment volume class, and soil color) resulted in nearly as high identification accuracy (46–53%) as that achieved with an Expert (48–57%) dataset that included more precise determinations (percent sand, silt, clay, and rock fragment volume), and virtually no further improvement with the addition of pH and organic matter in the Expert‐Plus dataset (53–60%). This study also showed minimal effect from the type of depth‐support used to represent depth‐wise variability. Furthermore, we evaluated several measures of soil functional similarity (i.e., ecological sites, land capability, taxonomic distance) which resulted in management relevant accuracies ranging from 65–89%. These findings support the utility of simple soil observations sampled at fixed depths for soil identification.
Coinhibition of activated p38 MAPKα and mTORC1 potentiates stemness maintenance of HSCs from SR1-expanded human cord blood CD34+ cells via inhibition of senescence
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Ma Xiao , Chen Ying , Peng Danyue , Wang Huifang , Chen Suhua , Xiao Yin , Li Lei , Zhou Hao , Cheng Fanjun , Gao Yingdai , Chang Jiwei , Cheng Tao , Liu Lingbo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The stemness of ex vivo expanded hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is usually compromised by current methods. To explore the failure mechanism of stemness maintenance of human HSCs, which were expanded from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) CD34+ cells, by differentiation inhibitor Stem Regenin 1 (SR1), an antagonist of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, we investigated the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase α (p38 MAPKα, p38α) and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and their effect on SR1-expanded hUCB CD34+ cells. Our results showed that cellular senescence occurred in the SR1-expanded hUCB CD34+ cells in which p38α and mTORC1 were successively activated. Furthermore, their coinhibition resulted in a further decrease in hUCB CD34+ cell senescence without an effect on apoptosis, promoted the maintenance of expanded phenotypic HSCs without differentiation inhibition, increased the hematopoietic reconstitution ability of multiple lineages, and potentiated the long-term self-renewal capability of HSCs from SR1-expanded hUCB CD34+ cells in NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull mice. Our mechanistic study revealed that senescence inhibition by our strategy was mainly attributed to downregulation of the splicesome, proteasome formation, and pyrimidine metabolism signaling pathways. These results suggest that coinhibition of activated p38α and mTORC1 potentiates stemness maintenance of HSCs from SR1-expanded hUCB CD34+ cells via senescence inhibition. Thus, we established a new strategy to maintain the stemness of ex vivo differentiation inhibitor-expanded human HSCs via coinhibition of multiple independent senescence initiating signal pathways. This senescence inhibition-induced stemness maintenance of ex vivo expanded HSCs could also have an important role in other HSC expansion systems.

Significance statement The stemness of ex vivo-expanded hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is usually compromised by current methods. It is supposed that none of these methods could avoid senescence-associated stemness loss because HSC hyperproliferation and ex vivo culture microenvironments different from the real in vivo hematopoietic niche will induce expanded HSC senescence. Here, it was found that both p38α and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 are activated in differentiation inhibitor Stem Regenin 1 (SR1)-expanded human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) CD34+ cells. Their coinhibition maintains the stemness of HSCs from SR1-expanded hUCB CD34+ cells through senescence inhibition mainly via downregulation of the splicesome, proteasome formation, and pyrimidine metabolism signaling pathways. This multiple senescence initiating signalings inhibition-induced stemness maintenance of ex vivo expanded HSCs could also play an important role in other HSC expansion systems.
Tragfähigkeit von Stahlrohren im Einspannbereich von Stahlbetonkonstruktionen
Authors: Kindmann Rolf , Vette Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSofern Stahlrohre (kreisförmige Hohlprofile) als Stützen oder Träger verwendet werden, können sie in Fundamente bzw. Wände aus Stahlbeton einbetoniert werden. Diese Anschlüsse wirken i. d. R. wie Einspannungen, die eine ausreichende Einspanntiefe erfordern. Im Folgenden werden in Stahlbetonkonstruktionen eingespannte Stahlrohre untersucht und Tragfähigkeitsnachweise unter Berücksichtigung der Einspanntiefe und Betondruckspannungen im Einspannbereich sowie darüber hinaus an den maßgebenden Stellen für die Stahlrohre geführt. Als Ergänzung zu den Berechnungsformeln werden Diagramme zur Verfügung gestellt, die die Wahl der Einspanntiefe vereinfachen. Bei vielen baupraktischen Anwendungsfällen reicht als Einspanntiefe der zweifache Rohrdurchmesser aus.
Analysis of steel corrosion‐induced surface damage evolution of magnesium oxychloride cement concrete through gray‐level co‐occurrence matrices
Authors: Wang Penghui , Qiao Hongxia , Li Yuanke , Feng Qiong , Chen Kefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn order to get the characteristics of crack formation on a concrete surface, a coupled method of industrial cameras and gray‐level co‐occurrence matrices (GLCM) is used to analyze the formation of magnesium oxychloride cement concrete surface cracks. This method requires fewer samples than the previous edge detection method, typing analysis, and artificial neural network method and can provide more damage parameter information without being limited to the geometric information of local features. According to the GLCM analysis of the surface crack formation of concrete under the effect of a rust expansion force, it is concluded that the larger the concrete protective layer, the longer the energization time required. When the concrete surface crack reaches 0.2 mm, the test pieces with protective layers of 14, 24, 34, and 44 mm need to be energized for 270, 465, 673, and 792 hr, respectively. With the increase of cracks on the concrete surface, the contrast keeps increasing, while the correlation, energy, and homogeneity gradually decrease. In color heat maps, the number of matrix peaks gradually increases with the formation of cracks, and the bandwidth of the horizontal projection of matrix peaks gradually decreases, and there is a tendency to extend along the main diagonal of the matrix. The selection of the size of the region of interest region will have a certain impact on the size of the four eigenvalues in GLCM, but it will not change its development law.