bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA cIARS regulates ferroptosis in HCC cells through interacting with RNA binding protein ALKBH5
Authors: Liu Zhiqian , Wang Qi , Wang Xin , Xu Zongzhen , Wei Xiaoqing , Li Jie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel and unique class of noncoding RNAs that are back-spliced from pre-mRNAs. It has been confirmed that circRNAs are involved in various malignant behaviors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of circRNA in the regulation of ferroptosis and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Here, cIARS (hsa_circ_0008367) was found to be the most highly expressed circRNA after sorafenib (SF) treatment in HCC cells. Small interfering RNA against cIARS (si-cIARS) significantly suppressed the cellular sensitivity to SF or Erastin through inactivating ferroptosis, which may be partially attributed to the inhibition of autophagy and ferritinophagy. Prediction analysis and mechanistic identification revealed that cIARS physically interacted with RNA binding protein (RBP) ALKBH5, which was a negative regulator of autophagic flux in HCC. The dissociation of BCL-2/BECN1 complex, mediated by ALKBH5 silencing was effectively blocked by si-cIARS. Furthermore, the inhibition of ferroptotic events, autophagic flux and ferritinophagy resulted from si-cIARS, were significantly rescued by ALKBH5 downregulation. Overall, cIARS may be an important circRNA, positively regulating SF-induced ferroptosis through suppressing the ALKBH5-mediated autophagy inhibition.
Dissipation-induced bistability in the two-photon Dicke model
Authors: Garbe Louis , Wade Peregrine , Minganti Fabrizio , Shammah Nathan , Felicetti Simone , Nori Franco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Dicke model is a paradigmatic quantum-optical model describing the interaction of a collection of two-level systems with a single bosonic mode. Effective implementations of this model made it possible to observe the emergence of superradiance, i.e., cooperative phenomena arising from the collective nature of light-matter interactions. Via reservoir engineering and analogue quantum simulation techniques, current experimental platforms allow us not only to implement the Dicke model but also to design more exotic interactions, such as the two-photon Dicke model. In the Hamiltonian case, this model presents an interesting phase diagram characterized by two quantum criticalities: a superradiant phase transition and a spectral collapse, that is, the coalescence of discrete energy levels into a continuous band. Here, we investigate the effects of both qubit and photon dissipation on the phase transition and on the instability induced by the spectral collapse. Using a mean-field decoupling approximation, we analytically obtain the steady-state expectation values of the observables signaling a symmetry breaking, identifying a first-order phase transition from the normal to the superradiant phase. Our stability analysis unveils a very rich phase diagram, which features stable, bistable, and unstable phases depending on the dissipation rate.
Construction of gateway-compatible baculovirus expression vectors for high-throughput protein expression and in vivo microcrystal screening
Authors: Tang Yanyang , Saul Justin , Nagaratnam Nirupa , Martin-Garcia Jose M. , Fromme Petra , Qiu Ji , LaBaer Joshua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBaculovirus mediated-insect cell expression systems have been widely used for producing heterogeneous proteins. However, to date, there is still the lack of an easy-to-manipulate system that enables the high-throughput protein characterization in insect cells by taking advantage of large existing Gateway clone libraries. To resolve this limitation, we have constructed a suite of Gateway-compatible pIEx-derived baculovirus expression vectors that allow the rapid and cost-effective construction of expression clones for mass parallel protein expression in insect cells. This vector collection also supports the attachment of a variety of fusion tags to target proteins to meet the needs for different research applications. We first demonstrated the utility of these vectors for protein expression and purification using a set of 40 target proteins of various sizes, cellular localizations and host organisms. We then established a scalable pipeline coupled with the SONICC and TEM techniques to screen for microcrystal formation within living insect cells. Using this pipeline, we successfully identified microcrystals for ~ 16% of the tested protein set, which can be potentially used for structure elucidation by X-ray crystallography. In summary, we have established a versatile pipeline enabling parallel gene cloning, protein expression and purification, and in vivo microcrystal screening for structural studies.
Provincial-level outcomes of China’s ‘Reducing maternal mortality and eliminating neonatal tetanus’ program
Authors: Chen Peiran , Li Mingrong , Zhu Jun , Wang Yanping , Mu Yi , Li Qi , Dai Li , Liu Zheng , Liang Juan , Liu Hanming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo determine whether the nationwide program ‘Reducing maternal mortality and eliminating neonatal tetanus’ contributed to the rapid decline in China’s maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and neonatal tetanus elimination by enhancing hospital delivery, we compared MMR and neonatal tetanus incidence rate (NTR) reductions by province from 2000 to 2013. The difference-in-difference method was used to analyze the program effect. Long-term effects were analyzed relative to MMR and NTR in 2000 and 2002, respectively, while short-term effects in a given year were analyzed relative to MMR and NTR in the preceding year. The national program was associated with a faster decline in MMR in the long term. The rate of decline showed an inverse ‘U’ shape from 2000 to 2013, peaking in 2009. The program had a short-term effect in MMR reduction in 2005, 2007, and 2009. The program was also associated with faster decline in NTR in the short term at some time points, but this association was not consistent and was not found in the long term. In conclusion, the program accelerated decline of MMR from 2000 to 2013 but did not clearly reduce NTR at the province level. Therefore, this targeted program worked efficiently in resource-poor areas.
Plasmid DNA gene therapy of the Niemann-Pick C1 mouse with transferrin receptor-targeted Trojan horse liposomes
Authors: Jiang Dahai , Lee Hungyen , Pardridge William M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNiemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) is a lysosomal cholesterol storage disorder, that severely affects the brain, and is caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, which encodes an intracellular membrane transporter of non-esterified cholesterol. Therapeutic options for NPC1 are few, and classical enzyme replacement therapy with the recombinant protein is not possible as the NPC1 gene product is an insoluble membrane protein, which increases the need for development of gene therapy for NPC1. While viral based gene therapy is under development, it is important to investigate alternative approaches to brain gene therapy without viral vectors. The present work develops a plasmid DNA approach to gene therapy of NPC1 using Trojan horse liposomes (THLs), wherein the plasmid DNA is encapsulated in 100 nm pegylated liposomes, which are targeted to organs with a monoclonal antibody against the mouse transferrin receptor. THLs were encapsulated with a 8.0 kb plasmid DNA encoding the 3.9 kb human NPC1 open reading frame, under the influence of a 1.5 kb platelet derived growth factor B (PDGFB) promoter. THLs were administered weekly beginning at 6–7 weeks in the NPC1−/− null mouse, and delivery of the plasmid DNA, and NPC1 mRNA expression in brain, spleen, and liver were confirmed by quantitative PCR. THL treatment reduced tissue inclusion bodies in brain, and peripheral organs, but did not prolong lifespan in these mice. The work suggests that early treatment after birth may be required to reverse this disease model with NPC1 gene replacement therapy.
Two antimicrobial genes from Aegilops tauschii Cosson identified by the Bacillus subtilis expression system
Authors: Fu Tingting , Islam Md. Samiul , Ali Mohsin , Wu Jia , Dong Wubei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial genes play an important role as a primary defense mechanism in all multicellular organisms. We chose Bacillus subtilis as a target pathogen indicator and transferred the Aegilops tauschii Cosson cDNA library into B. subtilis cells. Expression of the candidate antimicrobial gene can inhibit B. subtilis cell growth. Using this strategy, we screened six genes that have an internal effect on the indicator bacteria. Then, the secreted proteins were extracted and tested; two genes, AtR100 and AtR472, were found to have strong external antimicrobial activities with broad-spectrum resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, Clavibacter fangii, and Botrytis cinerea. Additionally, thermal stability tests indicated that the antimicrobial activities of both proteins were thermostable. Furthermore, these two proteins exhibited no significant hemolytic activities. To test the feasibility of application at the industrial level, liquid fermentation and spray drying of these two proteins were conducted. Powder dilutions were shown to have significant inhibitory effects on B. cinerea. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry results showed that the purified protein impaired and targeted the cell membranes. This study revealed that these two antimicrobial peptides could potentially be used for replacing antibiotics, which would provide the chance to reduce the emergence of drug resistance.
The Duality of Patterning in Language and Its Relationship to Reading in Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Nittrouer Susan 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Duality of patterning has long been recognized as a unique design feature of human language and refers to the distinct bilevel structure in which words comprise one level (semantic) and word-internal, phonetic elements comprise the other level (phonological). This report describes this design feature and offers a perspective on why and how it should help shape reading interventions for children with hearing loss.

Method
Three components comprise this report. The first main section offers an overview of duality of patterning. The second main section reviews results from a longitudinal study illustrating how children with and without hearing loss acquire each level of linguistic structure and how each level contributes to reading acquisition for each group differently. The third main section of this report provides suggestions for how to incorporate this information into interventions for children with hearing loss.

Results
Outcomes presented illustrate that semantic structure begins to take form first, with phonological structure following. Semantic structure is related to reading comprehension, and phonological structure is related to word recognition, at least for alphabetic orthographies. Children with hearing loss acquire a less differentiated linguistic system, with structure at the phonological level only partly or coarsely acquired and with a lack of clear distinction from the semantic level of structure. Consequently, the roles of each level of structure in reading acquisition are less clearly defined for children with hearing loss.

Conclusion
For children with normal hearing, learning to read is compartmentalized: Emerging sensitivity to phonological structure supports development of word recognition, and semantic-level skills support reading comprehension. Hearing loss diminishes language skills overall, but especially phonological sensitivity. Children with hearing loss, especially those with cochlear implants, must rely on all language skills to learn to read, including both word recognition and reading comprehension, which creates a highly inefficient processing strategy.
Opportunities to Learn Transgender Voice and Communication Therapy in Graduate Speech-Language Pathology Education: Preliminary E-Survey Findings
Authors: Jakomin Jordan R. , Ziegler Aaron , Rio Cassie , Suddarth Rachael 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Clear guidelines are needed for the inclusion of transgender voice and communication services in speech-language pathology graduate curriculum. Standardized training on how to support gender diverse individuals' communication appears to be lacking in graduate curriculum. To better understand current trends in transgender voice and communication training in speech-language pathology graduate programs across the United States, this cross-sequential e-survey study assessed experience with, attitudes toward, and student learning opportunities in transgender voice and communication services among voice instructors and clinic directors.

Method
An open online survey distributed in 2015 was completed by 24 voice instructors and 13 clinic directors. The same survey was completed by 15 voice instructors in 2018.

Results
Based on 2015 findings, a majority of voice instructors and clinic directors in speech-language pathology graduate programs reported that services for transgender voice and communication were not addressed in their graduate education curriculum. Findings from 2018 were similar to results in 2015. Almost all voice instructors included transgender voice and communication therapy in their graduate voice course. There is unanimous agreement that transgender voice and communication services should be part of SLPs' scope of practice.

Conclusions
Findings from 2015 to 2018 suggested an improvement in instruction time spent on transgender voice and communication. Yet, some voice instructors continued to report that the topic was not covered in their coursework. A need exists to adjust guidelines on voice and communication services for gender diverse individuals and offer learning opportunities for this area in graduate speech-language pathology curriculum.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12640409
Botany of the family Apiaceae.
Authors: Reduron Jean-Pierre 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The Apiaceae family is a complex group of plants in which many species are similar and difficult to identify. Once the species is identified, it is often still quite complex at the infraspecific level because of many existing variations (habit, leaf, umbel organization, sexuality of flowers). This chapter gives the main features of Apiaceae morphology, anatomy, biology (vegetative and flowering stages), caryology and fruit dispersal, useful for identification checking, reproductive biology, cultivation, interest about wild relatives and biodiversity conservation.
Apiaceae seed production.
Authors: Spurr Cameron J. , Lucas Amy M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

This chapter describes the principles and practices of Apiaceae seed production. While much of the information presented relates directly to carrot seed production, it is also relevant to production of most other Apiaceae seed crops. Where possible, information and examples from other crops have been included. Discussions focus on reproductive biology, open-pollinated and hybrid seed production, production locations and methods, site selection, preparation and planting, crop nutrition, irrigation, weed control, rogueing, management of flowering and pollination, pests and diseases, seed development, timing of harvest, and seed treatments.
Apiaceae, a family of species rich in secondary metabolites: aromatic compounds and medicinal attributes.
Authors: Pollastro Federica , Gaeta Simone 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Members of Apiaceae are an important trait of the global diet as exemplified by their use as species in cuisines around the world due to their content of essential oil and non-volatile compounds. Nevertheless, the value of Apiaceae plants extends to traditional medicine too with application against several disorders, and this popularity has fostered the isolation of their secondary metabolites and detection of the biological activities including toxicity when it occurs. This family is a producer of various phytochemicals such as terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, polyacetylenes and alkaloids with potential implications for drug discovery and industrial use which endows these plants a relevance that goes beyond the simply alimentary association. This chapter describes the essential oil and non-volatile organic composition of Apiaceae species. The phytochemical diversity of Apiaceae members is yet to be explored adequately but the distinctive secondary metabolites already discovered classify this family as an incredibly rich source for industrial application, essential micronutrients and drug discovery. However, those very same edible plants are not lacking in toxicity resulting from their inappropriate use and destination.
Carrot growth and development.
Authors: Villeneuve François 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The cultivated carrot is a biennial plant: in the first year, it produces a rosette of leaves and carbon reserves located in the storage root; in the second year, it uses these reserves after vernalization to produce a floral stem. In that year, the plant can reach a height of up to 1.5 m. This chapter describes the first phases of development, morphology of the root at harvest time, evolution of root biochemical composition, flower induction and vernalization, bolting, flowering, floral biology, seed characteristics and emergence of carrot.
Carrot disease management.
Authors: le Clerc Valérie , Briard Mathilde 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the various diseases affecting carrot production and their causal pathogens, such as Alternaria dauci, Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae, Cercospora carotae, Pythium spp., Sclerotinia spp., Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria radicina, among others. Information on the symptoms of these diseases and the efficacy of various methods used in their control are also presented.
Dill.
Authors: Passam Harold C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Dill (Anethum graveolens) is cultivated worldwide as a fresh or dried herb and for essential oil. Indian dill, formerly classified as Anethum sowa, is a botanical variety of A. graveolens that predominates in India and South-east Asia. Dill is believed to have originated in the eastern Mediterranean. By the 17th century, it was cultivated throughout Europe and had been introduced to North America. This chapter discusses the history, importance, growing areas, etymology, morphology, constituents, cropping system (including soil preparation, sowing, irrigation and fertilizer requirements, weed, pest and disease management, and harvesting), postharvest treatment and product valorization of dill.
Tuberous-rooted chervil.
Authors: Briard Mathilde , le Clerc Valérie , Huet Sébastien , Granger Jacky , Geoffriau Emmanuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Tuberous-rooted chervil, Chaerophyllum bulbosum, has been collected in the wild and used as a food since antiquity. The crop was first described in Austria in 1601. After realizing success as a crop during the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, particularly in France and Germany, it was forgotten by growers until the beginning of the last decade. This chapter discusses the importance, growing areas, plant development, cropping system (including soil preparation, sowing, irrigation and fertilizer (N, P and K) requirements, pest and disease management, and harvesting), postharvest storage and product quality of tuberous-rooted chervil.
An analytically based method to estimate the effective thermal diffusivity of a heat pipe
Authors: Chen Hong-Long , Wang Chi-Chuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An analytically based method is proposed to estimate the equivalent thermal diffusivity (α) of a heat pipe. This novel method, which enables real-time screening, features simple, fast, inexpensive and accurate characteristics in obtaining the corresponding α value. Different from the traditional Angstrom method, which uses a sinusoidal pulse heating source for measuring the offset of two separate waves triggered in an intermittent time span; the proposed method merely uses a water bath as the heating source with the derived closed-form solution as a core computing algorithm, and the correct α value can be obtained. The examination process only takes less than 30 s and can be deployed in production lines for real-time screening. The closed-form analytical solution is associated with an infinite power series and is validated with heat pipes of 6 mm in diameter and 260 mm in length. The equivalent thermal diffusivity of the heat pipe is 0.00382 m2 s−1, which is about 35 times higher than copper and 3.6 times higher than graphite. The analytical predictions are in line with experimental results for the transient temperature rise of the heat pipe.
Two blocks connected by a string with variable tension: a dynamic case
Authors: Suárez H J Herrera , Machado-Higuera M , Muñoz J H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the dynamic case of a system made up of two blocks connected by a string over a smooth pulley is revisited. One mass lies on a horizontal surface without friction, and the other mass has a vertical displacement. The motion equation is obtained and its solution is determined using the Mathematica package. Also an experimental montage for this system is made and experimental data for the vertical position y in the function of time t are obtained using a data acquisition system and Tracker video analysis. The relation y vs t can be represented by a polynomial of degree six. An average relative error of 3.61(10.14)% is obtained between the theoretical results acquired with Mathematica and the data taken from Tracker (data acquisition system).
Experimental evidence that acorn woodpeckers recognize relationships among third parties no longer living together
Authors: Pardo Michael A , Walters Eric L , Koenig Walter D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Triadic awareness, or knowledge of the relationships between others, is essential to navigating many complex social interactions. While some animals maintain relationships with former group members post-dispersal, recognizing cross-group relationships between others may be more cognitively challenging than simply recognizing relationships between members of a single group because there is typically much less opportunity to observe interactions between individuals that do not live together. We presented acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus), a highly social species, with playback stimuli consisting of a simulated chorus between two different individuals, a behavior that only occurs naturally between social affiliates. Subjects were expected to respond less rapidly if they perceived the callers as having an affiliative relationship. Females responded more rapidly to a pair of callers that never co-occurred in the same social group, and responded less rapidly to callers that were members of the same social group at the time of the experiment and to callers that last lived in the same group before the subject had hatched. This suggests that female acorn woodpeckers can infer the existence of relationships between conspecifics that live in separate groups by observing them interact after the conspecifics in question no longer live in the same group as each other. This study provides experimental evidence that nonhuman animals may recognize relationships between third parties that no longer live together and emphasizes the potential importance of social knowledge about distant social affiliates.