bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azadirachta indica (Sapindales: Meliaceae) Neem Oil as a Repellent Against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes
Authors: Macchioni Fabio , Sfingi Marta , Chiavacci Daniele , Cecchi Francesca 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIncreased concerns regarding the safety of many chemicals used as insecticides or repellents, together with the development of resistance by insects to various insecticides, have led to the search for new active natural ingredients. For what we believe is the first time, that is monitored the efficiency of neem oil (Azadirachta indica) as a repellent against adult Aedes albopictus directly in the field. To test the efficacy of repellency against adults, treatments were performed (5 ml/l) in six different locations. For each location, two closed gardens distance between them 200 m were chosen (one where the treatment was performed, consisting in spraying a mixture of water and Neem oil 5 g/l and one which was used as a control where only water with emulsifier was used). To monitor the treatment efficacy, six ovitraps were used (for each location three for the treated garden and three for the control garden). Data (n° mosquito eggs trapped in each ovitrap) were collected weekly for 6 mo (from May to October) for a total of 900 samplings. Daily temperature and daily rainfall were monitored throughout the trial. The treatment was most effective in June and July. Very high temperatures and high rainfall reduced the efficacy of neem oil over time.
Phase II study of vinorelbine plus carboplatin with concurrent radiotherapy in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yamaguchi Masafumi , Hirata Hideki , Ebi Noriyuki , Araki Jun , Seto Takashi , Maruyama Riichiroh , Akamine Shinji , Inoue Yuichi , Semba Hiroshi , Sasaki Jiichiro , Okamoto Tatsuro 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. In the current aging society, the establishment of an ideal treatment strategy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly is warranted. To assess the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with carboplatin and vinorelbine in elderly patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose
To assess the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with carboplatin and vinorelbine in elderly patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods
This multicenter, phase II study included patients with physiologically or medically unresectable stage I-III NSCLC, who were ≥70 years old. The patients received carboplatin (AUC 2) and vinorelbine (15 mg/m2) both on day 1, 8, 22 and 29 concurrently with radiotherapy (2.0 Gy/day, 30 fractions, total 60 Gy). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate. The secondary endpoints were the progression-free survival, overall survival and the incidence of adverse events.

Results
50 patients were accrued (42 men and 8 women). The median age was 77 years (range, 70–89 years) and the clinical stage was I/II/III in 3/7/40, respectively. Forty-seven patients completed the planned treatment. The response was complete remission in 4, partial response in 31, stable disease in 12 and progressive disease in 3, giving an objective response rate of 70% (95% confidence interval: 55.4–82.1). Frequent high Grade 3 or higher adverse events were hematologic, but no treatment deaths were noted. The median and 2-year progression-free survival were 8.4 months and 21.1% (95% confidence interval: 9.5–32.7%), respectively, and the median and 2-year overall survival were 15.4 months and 41.1% (95% confidence interval: 27.0–55.2), respectively.

Conclusion
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with carboplatin and vinorelbine showed an acceptable objective response rate and safety in elderly patients.
Ambient temperature drives sex ratio and presence of pregnant females of Anoura geoffroyi (Phyllostomidae) bats living in temperate forests
Authors: Saldaña-Vázquez Romeo A , Ortega Jorge , Guerrero José Antonio , Aiza-Reynoso M Isabel , MacSwiney G M Cristina , Aguilar-Rodríguez Pedro A , Ayala-Berdon Jorge , Zamora-Gutierrez Veronica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhenology in animals is strongly influenced by seasonality that promotes changes in abundance of food resources and temperature. These changes may impose energetic constraints to organisms in certain seasons during the year, especially on those animals facing high energetic demands, such as nectarivorous bats. Seasonality in temperate forests could, therefore, promote migration of female nectarivorous bat to find warmer sites, thus enhancing breeding success. To test this hypothesis, we compared the proportion of females and the proportion of pregnant females of the nectarivorous bat Anoura geoffroyi, between months, in six different populations across temperate forests of Mexico. Bats were captured over a complete season cycle either with sweep or mist nets at the entrance or near their roosting caves, and their age, sex, and reproductive condition were recorded. We found that over 50% of bats present in the cave roosts across different populations in temperate forests of the Trans-Mexican Neovolcanic Belt of Mexico during the warmer and wetter months (April–September) were females, both pregnant and nonpregnant. In contrast, fewer than 30% of bats present in the roosting caves sampled in the colder and drier months (October–March) were females. In addition, we found that the temperature that favors the proportion of females at the studied sites was greater than 8°C. We concluded that seasonality affects sex ratio and phenology of A. geoffroyi in Mexican temperate forests. Our findings suggest females’ migrations to lowland warmer sites to improve prenatal development.
The Beginnings of Mass Communication: A Transnational History
Authors: Simonson Peter , Morooka Junya , Xiong Bingjuan , Bedsole Nathan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mass communication was one of the central signs through which communication research constituted itself in the post-World War II era. An American term, it indexed and communicatively advanced the problematization of media that took shape from the 1920s onward. Recently, scholars have debated the term’s continued relevance, typically without awareness of its history or international contexts of use. To provide needed background and enrich efforts to globalize the field, we offer a transnational history of mass communication, illuminating the sociological, cultural, and geopolitical dynamics of its emergence, dissemination, and reception. Mapping locations of its adoption, adaption, and rejection across world regions, we offer a methodology and a historical narrative to shed light on the early globalization of the field and lines of power and resistance that shaped it. We show how the term carries a residue of postwar American hegemony, and argue for greater reflexive awareness of our vocabularies of inquiry.
Blast Exposure and Risk of Recurrent Occupational Overpressure Exposure Predict Deployment TBIs
Authors: Belding Jennifer N , Fitzmaurice Shannon , Englert Robyn Martin , Lee Isabell , Kowitz Brad , Highfill-McRoy Robyn M , Thomsen Cynthia J , da Silva Uade 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in recent military conflicts and deployment-related TBIs are most commonly caused by blast. However, knowledge of risk factors that increase susceptibility to TBI following an acute, high-level blast is limited. We hypothesized that recurrent occupational overpressure exposure (ROPE) may be one factor that increases susceptibility to mild TBI (mTBI) following blast.

Materials and Methods
Using military occupational specialty as a proxy, we examined the effects of high versus low ROPE on mTBI following blast exposure. Initial analyses included 111,641 active-duty-enlisted U.S. Marines who completed the 2003 or 2008 version of the Post-Deployment Health Assessment. Final analyses examined probable mTBI screens among Marines with at least one qualifying exposure as a function of whether the exposure was a blast and level of ROPE (N = 12,929). This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Naval Health Research Center.

Results
Blast and ROPE were both independently and jointly associated with a probable mTBI. Marines who experienced a blast (vs other qualifying exposure) and those in high (vs low) risk occupations were 1.07 and 1.23 times more likely to sustain a probable mTBI, respectively. Furthermore, among those who experienced a blast during deployment, those in high-risk occupations were 1.45 times more likely than those in low-risk occupations to sustain a probable mTBI.

Conclusions
Blast exposure and ROPE were independently associated with mTBIs, and Marines with both blast exposure during deployment and ROPE were especially likely to sustain an mTBI. This suggests that ROPE heightens the risk of mTBI following blast. Ongoing research is examining the severity, symptomology, and sequelae of TBIs as a function of ROPE.
A Detailed Analysis of Serious Personal Injuries Suffered by Full Time and Part Time Soldiers of the Australian Army
Authors: Schram Ben , Pope Rodney , Norman Adam , Orr Robin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The intense training and occupational demands of military personnel place the individual at risk of serious injury. When they do occur, serious personal injuries (SPIs) can lead to medical discharge, mission compromise, and ongoing recurrence of problems. Prior to the implementation of any minimization strategies, an understanding of the causes of SPIs requires development. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence rates and patterns of SPIs within the Australian Regular Army (ARA) and Australian Army Reserve (ARES).

Methods
Data for a 2-year period were obtained through the Work Health, Safety, Compensation, and Reporting database of the Australian Department of Defence. Records of SPIs were extracted, with details including: (a) the activity being performed when the injury was suffered; (b) the body location of injury; (c) the nature of injury; and (d) the mechanism of injury. Results were reported as number of SPIs and converted to SPIs/100 full-time equivalent (FTE) years of service.

Results
In total, 507 SPIs were reported over the two-year period (ARA = 466; ARES = 41). SPIs most commonly: occurred during combat training (n = 80; 0.13 SPIs/100 FTE years) and physical training (n = 66; 0.10 SPIs/100 FTE years); affected the head (n = 63; 0.10 SPIs/100 FTE years) and shoulders (n = 57; 0.09 SPIs/100 FTE years); and comprised fractures (n = 199; 0.19 SPIs/100 FTE years) and soft-tissue injuries (n = 103; 0.16 SPIs/100 FTE years). The most common mechanism of injury was falls (n = 132; 0.21 SPIs/100 FTE years) or contact with objects (n = 114; 0.18 SPIs/100 FTE years). When adjusted for service time, ARES personnel were found to report SPIs more frequently than ARA personnel (0.87 vs. 0.79/100 FTE years, respectively) giving an injury risk ratio (ARA:ARES) of 0.91 [95% CI = 0.66–1.25].

Conclusions
Despite higher absolute numbers of SPIs occurring in ARA, ARES in fact report similar rates of SPIs when adjusted for service time. The natures and mechanisms of SPIs are also similar for both service types and therefore should be the focus of targeted programs to reduce such injuries.
Sub-Chandrasekhar progenitors favoured for type Ia supernovae: Evidence from late-time spectroscopy★.
Authors: Flörs A , Spyromilio J , Taubenberger S , Blondin S , Cartier R , Leibundgut B , Dessart L , Dhawan S , Hillebrandt W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (NLTE) level population model of the first and second ionisation stages of iron, nickel and cobalt is used to fit a sample of XShooter optical + near-infrared (NIR) spectra of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). From the ratio of the NIR lines to the optical lines limits can be placed on the temperature and density of the emission region. We find a similar evolution of these parameters across our sample. Using the evolution of the Fe ii 12 570 Å to 7 155 Å line as a prior in fits of spectra covering only the optical wavelengths we show that the 7200 Å feature is fully explained by [Fe ii] and [Ni ii] alone. This approach allows us to determine the abundance of Ni ii/Fe ii for a large sample of 130 optical spectra of 58 SNe Ia with uncertainties small enough to distinguish between Chandrasekhar mass (MCh) and sub-Chandrasekhar mass (sub-MCh) explosion models. We conclude that the majority (85%) of normal SNe Ia have a Ni/Fe abundance that is in agreement with predictions of sub-MCh explosion simulations of ∼Z⊙ progenitors. Only a small fraction (11%) of objects in the sample have a Ni/Fe abundance in agreement with MCh explosion models.
Exploring the evidence for a large local void with supernovae Ia data
Authors: Luković Vladimir V , Haridasu Balakrishna S , Vittorio Nicola 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the present work we utilise the most recent publicly available SN Ia compilations and implement a well formulated cosmological model based on LTB metric in presence of cosmological constant Λ (ΛLTB) to test for signatures of large local inhomogeneities at z ≤ 0.15. Local underdensities in this redshift range have been previously found based on luminosity density data and galaxy number counts. Our main constraints on the possible local void using the Pantheon SN Ia dataset are: redshift size of $z_{\rm size}=0.068^{+0.021}_{-0.030}$; density contrast of $\delta \Omega _0/\Omega _0 = -10.5_{-7.4}^{+9.3}\%$ between 16th and 84th percentiles. Investigating the possibility to alleviate the ∼ $9\%$ disagreement between measurements of present expansion rate H0 coming from calibrated local SN Ia and high-z CMB data, we find large local void to be a very unlikely explanation alone, consistently with previous studies. However, the level of matter inhomogeneity at a scale of ∼100Mpc that is allowed by SN Ia data, although not expected from ΛCDM cosmic variance calculations, could be the origin of additonal systematic error in distance ladder measurements based on SN Ia. Fitting low-redshift Pantheon data with a cut 0.023 < z < 0.15 to the ΛLTB model and to the Taylor expanded luminosity distance formula we estimate that this systematic error amounts to $1.1\%$ towards the lower H0 value. A test for local anisotropy in Pantheon SN Ia data yields null evidence. Analysis of luminosity density data provides a constraint on contrast of large isotropic void $\delta \Omega _0/\Omega _0 = -51.9\%\pm 6.3\%$, which is in ∼ 4σ tension with SN Ia results. More data is necessary to better constrain the local matter density profile and understand the disagreement between SN Ia and luminosity density samples.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Internal mass distributions and orbital structures of early-type galaxies and their dependence on environment
Authors: Jin Yunpeng , Zhu Ling , Long R J , Mao Shude , Wang Lan , van de Ven Glenn 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In our earlier 2019 paper, we evaluated the reliability of Schwarzschild’s orbit-superposition dynamical modelling method in estimating the internal mass distribution, intrinsic stellar shapes and orbit distributions of early-type galaxies (ETGs) taken from the Illustris cosmological simulation. We now apply the same techniques to galaxies taken from the integral-field survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies with APO (MaNGA), using a sample of 149 ETGs in the mass range of 109.90 ∼ 1011.80M⊙ and made up of 105 central and 44 satellite galaxies. We find that low-mass ETGs with log (M*/M⊙) < 11.1 have an average dark matter fraction of ∼0.2 within one effective radius Re, tend to be oblate-like, and are dominated by rotation about their minor axis. High-mass ETGs with log (M*/M⊙) > 11.1 have an average dark matter fraction of ∼0.4 within one effective radius Re, tend to be prolate-like, and are dominated by rotation about their major axis and by centrophilic orbits. The changes of internal structures within one Re are dominated by the total stellar mass of the individual galaxies. We find no differences of internal structures between central and satellite ETGs for the same stellar masses. However, for similar stellar mass and colour distributions, we find that ETGs more prolate-like, or with more hot orbits, tend to have higher close neighbour counts at rp ∼ 40 kpc.
An ancient double degenerate merger in the Milky Way halo
Authors: Kawka Adela , Vennes Stéphane , Ferrario Lilia 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis and re-appraisal of the massive, carbon-enriched (DQ) white dwarf (WD) LP 93−21. Its high mass ( ≈1.1 M⊙) and membership to the class of warm DQ WDs, combined with its peculiar halo kinematics suggest that this object is the product of an ancient stellar merger event, most likely that of two WDs. Furthermore, the kinematics places this object on a highly retrograde orbit driven by the accretion of a dwarf galaxy on to the Milky Way that occurred at a redshift greater than 1.5. As the product of a stellar merger LP 93−21 is probably representative of the whole class of warm/hot DQ WDs.
Chemodynamical properties of the Anticentre Stream: a surviving disc fossil from a past satellite interaction
Authors: Laporte Chervin F P , Belokurov Vasily , Koposov Sergey E , Smith Martin C , Hill Vanessa 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Using Gaia second data release (DR2), we trace the Anticentre Stream (ACS) in various stellar populations across the sky and find that it is kinematically and spatially decoupled from the Monoceros Ring. Using stars from lamost and segue, we show that the ACS is systematically more metal-poor than Monoceros by 0.1 dex with indications of a narrower metallicity spread. Furthermore, the ACS is predominantly populated of old stars ($\sim 10\, \rm {Gyr}$), whereas Monoceros has a pronounced tail of younger stars ($6-10\, \rm {Gyr}$) as revealed by their cumulative age distributions. Put together, all of this evidence support predictions from simulations of the interaction of the Sagittarius dwarf with the Milky Way, which argue that the ACS is the remains of a tidal tail of the Galaxy excited during Sgr’s first pericentric passage after it crossed the virial radius, whereas Monoceros consists of the composite stellar populations excited during the more extended phases of the interaction. Importantly, the ACS can be viewed as a stand-alone fossil of the chemical enrichment history of the Galactic disc.
RASP 4: Ancestral State Reconstruction Tool for Multiple Genes and Characters
Authors: Yu Yan , Blair Christopher , He Xingjin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the continual progress of sequencing techniques, genome-scale data are increasingly used in phylogenetic studies. With more data from throughout the genome, the relationship between genes and different kinds of characters is receiving more attention. Here, we present version 4 of RASP, a software to reconstruct ancestral states through phylogenetic trees. RASP can apply generalized statistical ancestral reconstruction methods to phylogenies, explore the phylogenetic signal of characters to particular trees, calculate distances between trees, and cluster trees into groups. RASP 4 has an improved graphic user interface and is freely available from http://mnh.scu.edu.cn/soft/blog/RASP (program) and https://github.com/sculab/RASP (source code).
Global variability analysis of mRNA and protein concentrations across and within human tissues
Authors: Wegler Christine , Ölander Magnus , Wiśniewski Jacek R , Lundquist Patrik , Zettl Katharina , Åsberg Anders , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Andersson Tommy B , Artursson Per 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenes and proteins show variable expression patterns throughout the human body. However, it is not clear whether relative differences in mRNA concentrations are retained on the protein level. Furthermore, inter-individual protein concentration variability within single tissue types has not been comprehensively explored. Here, we used the Gini index for in-depth concentration variability analysis of publicly available transcriptomics and proteomics data, and of an in-house proteomics dataset of human liver and jejunum from 38 donors. We found that the transfer of concentration variability from mRNA to protein is limited, that established ‘reference genes’ for data normalization vary markedly at the protein level, that protein concentrations cover a wide variability spectrum within single tissue types, and that concentration variability analysis can be a convenient starting point for identifying disease-associated proteins and novel biomarkers. Our results emphasize the importance of considering individual concentration levels, as opposed to population averages, for personalized systems biology analysis.
Characterization of novel primary miRNA transcription units in human cells using Bru-seq nascent RNA sequencing
Authors: Bedi Karan , Paulsen Michelle T , Wilson Thomas E , Ljungman Mats 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key contributors to gene regulatory networks. Because miRNAs are processed from RNA polymerase II transcripts, insight into miRNA regulation requires a comprehensive understanding of the regulation of primary miRNA transcripts. We used Bru-seq nascent RNA sequencing and hidden Markov model segmentation to map primary miRNA transcription units (TUs) across 32 human cell lines, allowing us to describe TUs encompassing 1443 miRNAs from miRBase and 438 from MirGeneDB. We identified TUs for 61 miRNAs with an unknown CAGE TSS signal for MirGeneDB miRNAs. Many primary transcripts containing miRNA sequences failed to generate mature miRNAs, suggesting that miRNA biosynthesis is under both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. In addition to constitutive and cell-type specific TU expression regulated by differential promoter usage, miRNA synthesis can be regulated by transcription past polyadenylation sites (transcriptional read through) and promoter divergent transcription (PROMPTs). We identified 197 miRNA TUs with novel promoters, 97 with transcriptional read-throughs and 3 miRNA TUs that resemble PROMPTs in at least one cell line. The miRNA TU annotation data resource described here reveals a greater complexity in miRNA regulation than previously known and provides a framework for identifying cell-type specific differences in miRNA transcription in cancer and cell transition states.