bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products‐Blocking Antibody to Treat Diabetic Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Johnson Lynne L. , Johnson Jordan , Ober Rebecca , Holland April , Zhang Geping , Backer Marina , Backer Joseph , Ali Ziad , Tekabe Yared 
Published: December 2020

Background
Expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays an important role in diabetic peripheral artery disease. We proposed to show that treatment with an antibody blocking RAGE would improve hind limb perfusion and muscle viability in diabetic pig with femoral artery (FA) ligation.

Methods and Results

Purpose‐bred diabetic Yucatan minipigs with average fasting blood sugar of 357 mg/dL on insulin to maintain a glucose range of 300 to 500 mg/dL were treated with either a humanized monoclonal anti‐RAGE antibody (CR‐3) or nonimmune IgG. All pigs underwent intravascular occlusion of the anterior FA. Animals underwent (
201
Tl) single‐photon emission computed tomography/x‐ray computed tomography imaging on days 1 and 28 after FA occlusion, angiogenesis imaging with [
99m
Tc]dodecane tetra‐acetic acid–polyethylene glycol–single chain vascular endothelial growth factor (scVEGF), muscle biopsies on day 7, and contrast angiogram day 28. Results showed greater increases in perfusion to the gastrocnemius from day 1 to day 28 in CR‐3 compared with IgG treated pigs (
P
=0.0024), greater uptake of [99mTc]dodecane tetra‐acetic acid‐polyethylene glycol‐scVEGF (scV/Tc) in the proximal gastrocnemius at day 7, confirmed by tissue staining for capillaries and vascular endothelial growth factor A, and less muscle loss and fibrosis at day 28. Contrast angiograms showed better reconstitution of the distal FA from collaterals in the CR‐3 versus IgG treated diabetic pigs (
P
=0.01). The gastrocnemius on nonoccluded limb at necropsy had higher
201
Tl uptake (percentage injected dose per gram) and reduced RAGE staining in arterioles in CR‐3 treated compared with IgG treated animals (
P
=0.04).

Conclusions
A novel RAGE‐blocking antibody improved hind limb perfusion and angiogenesis in diabetic pigs with FA occlusion. Contributing factors are increased collaterals and reduced vascular RAGE expression. CR‐3 shows promise for clinical treatment in diabetic peripheral artery disease.
Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Cilostazol to Clopidogrel‐Treated Diabetic Patients With Symptomatic Lower Extremity Artery Disease in the Prevention of Ischemic Vascular Events
Authors: Kalantzi Kallirroi , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Melidonis Andreas J. , Papadaki Styliani , Peroulis Michail , Amantos Konstantinos A. , Andreopoulos George , Bellos George I. , Boutel Dimitrios , Bristianou Magdalini , Chrisis Dimitrios , Dimitsikoglou Nikolaos A. , Doupis John , Georgopoulou Chrysoula , Gkintikas Stergios A. , Iraklianou Styliani , Kanellas Κonstantinos , Kotsa Kalliopi , Koufakis Theocharis , Kouroglou Maria , Koutsovasilis Anastasios G. , Lanaras Leonidas , Liouri Eirini , Lixouriotis Charalampos , Lykoudi Akrivi , Mandalaki Efthymia , Papageorgiou Evanthia , Papanas Nikolaos , Rigas Spyridon , Stamatelatou Maria I. , Triantafyllidis Ioannis , Trikkalinou Aikaterini , Tsouka Aikaterini N. , Zacharopoulou Ourania , Zoupas Christos , Tsolakis Ioannis , Tselepis Alexandros D. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for lower extremity arterial disease. Cilostazol expresses antiplatelet, anti‐inflammatory, and vasodilator actions and improves the claudication intermittent symptoms. We investigated the efficacy and safety of adjunctive cilostazol to clopidogrel‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exhibiting symptomatic lower extremity arterial disease, in the prevention of ischemic vascular events and improvement of the claudication intermittent symptoms.

Methods and Results

In a prospective 2‐arm, multicenter, open‐label, phase 4 trial, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with intermittent claudication receiving clopidogrel (75 mg/d) for at least 6 months, were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio, either to continue to clopidogrel monotherapy, without receiving placebo cilostazol (391 patients), or to additionally receive cilostazol, 100 mg twice/day (403 patients). The median duration of follow‐up was 27 months. The primary efficacy end point, the composite of acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack, acute myocardial infarction, and death from vascular causes, was significantly reduced in patients receiving adjunctive cilostazol compared with the clopidogrel monotherapy group (sex‐adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.468; 95% CI, 0.252–0.870;
P
=0.016). Adjunctive cilostazol also significantly reduced the stroke/transient ischemic attack events (sex‐adjusted HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15–0.98;
P
=0.046) and improved the ankle‐brachial index and pain‐free walking distance values (
P
=0.001 for both comparisons). No significant difference in the bleeding events, as defined by Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria, was found between the 2 groups (sex‐adjusted HR, 1.080; 95% CI, 0.579–2.015;
P
=0.809).

Conclusions
Adjunctive cilostazol to clopidogrel‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with symptomatic lower extremity arterial disease may lower the risk of ischemic events and improve intermittent claudication symptoms, without increasing the bleeding risk, compared with clopidogrel monotherapy.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02983214.
Marx’s ‘Bonn Notebooks’ in Context
Authors: Kangal Kaan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The following is a critical reconstruction of the collaboration between Bauer and Marx between 1839 and 1842. The turbulences in the period in question reveal themselves in Marx’s thought as well as in his relationship with Bruno Bauer. Correspondingly, Marx’s detours, false paths, dead ends and abandoned work are therefore made the focus of this study. The ambivalent initial relations between the two of them, which both made their collaboration possible and hindered it, clearly go back further than 1841, when Bauer was not yet an atheist and was still a proponent of church doctrine. This was the Bruno Bauer that Marx had come to know in the Doctor’s Club. We then meet Bauer the atheist at the end of 1839 or perhaps the beginning of 1840, as he was planning a comprehensive attack on orthodox theology and wanted Marx to fight on his side. This attack continued in Bauer’s Trumpet and in Hegel’s Doctrine.
Taking Onboard the Issue of Disembarkation
Authors: van Berckel Smit Jasper 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Disembarkation of rescued refugees is increasingly denied by Mediterranean States, as disembarkation triggers obligations of refugee reception in the absence of a distribution mechanism. This article assesses the international law of the sea to answer the question why a distributive mechanism is needed to provide for a predictable solution for disembarkation of rescued refugees in the Mediterranean. It concludes that, due to States’ shared obligation to allow disembarkation of seaborne refugees and uncertainties over ill-defined essential concepts and responsibilities, States enjoy much discretion to securitize maritime migration. It frustrates search and rescue (SAR). A successful way to reestablish the integrity and effectiveness of the SAR regime is to create an effective and foreseeable relocation mechanism. Finally, this article’s critical analysis of the Malta declaration—which failed to resolve the stalemate in the central Mediterranean—provides for valuable lessons towards a new system of responsibility-sharing in Europe.
Sustainable Halal? The Intersection of Halal, Organic and Genetically Engineered Food in Turkey
Authors: Atalan-Helicke Nurcan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite standardization initiatives among states, businesses and non-profit agencies, the understanding and practice of halal requirements vary. This fragmentation of halal certification is particularly significant in terms of genetically engineered food. Studies in both global North and South show that women consumers are more concerned about food choices. This paper examines the convergence of halal and organic through genetically engineered food with recourse to women consumers’ definitions of ‘wholesome food’ in Turkey. Using data from a total 13 focus groups carried in the cities of Ankara and Konya in the summer of 2015, and in the cities of Ankara and Balikesir in the summer of 2019, the paper examines the concerns of women consumers about food in a Muslim majority country fully integrated into globalized markets. It also questions how women consumers negotiate their food choices particularly in relation to genetically engineered food, halal and organic food. The paper argues that both secular and devout Muslim women consumers as mothers have growing concerns in feeding their family with clean and healthy food. However, halal certified food does not address their expectations about ‘wholesome food’. The discussions about the convergence of halal, organic and genetically engineered food highlight the tensions in the alternative food movement about what clean and good food look like.
The Jesuits and Slavery
Authors: Rothman Adam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite extensive historiography, most people are not aware that the Society of Jesus owned people. Even Jesuit historiography sometimes neglects that complicated history. The historiography of slavery, however, has long tapped into Jesuit sources and produced a rich scholarship on Jesuit debates over slavery and their slaveholding practices across the Americas. This essay places Jesuit slaveholding in the context of the Jesuits’ global history and argues that genealogical research and calls for reconciliation provide an opportunity to renew and reorient scholarship towards the social history of the people owned by the Jesuits.
Antoine Lavalette, Slave Murderer: A Forgotten Scandal of the French West Indies
Authors: Dial Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The name Antoine Lavalette (1708–67) is infamous within the Society of Jesus. The superior of the Martinique mission in the mid-eighteenth century, he is known for triggering the 1764 expulsion from France. Less known is his torture to death of four enslaved men and women. The visitor sent to investigate Lavalette’s commercial activities, Jean-François de la Marche (1700–62), discovered these murders and reported them to Rome. This paper analyzes La Marche’s account of the atrocities within their Caribbean context. It demonstrates that Lavalette’s killings were within the established norms of the planter class. It further argues that his actions were part of the Society’s attempts to reconcile its religious calling with the gruesome realities of plantation slavery.
A National Legacy of Enslavement: An Overview of the Work of the Slavery, History, Memory, and Reconciliation Project
Authors: Schmidt Kelly L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As the Jesuit mission in the United States expanded to the west in the early nineteenth century, the Society bought, owned, hired, sold, and forcibly moved enslaved people to support their activities. Enslaved people lived and labored at Jesuit schools, scholasticates, churches, and farms in Missouri, Kentucky, Louisiana, and Kansas. Aspects of their lives, including names and family relationships, can be gleaned from Jesuit and other archival materials. These records show what daily life was like for enslaved people owned by the Jesuits as they built communities, sought to protect their families, and resisted their enslavement. They negotiated with the Jesuits to be allowed to purchase their freedom; sued the Jesuits for their freedom in court; and ran away. Undertaken by the Jesuits of Canada and the United States, the Slavery, History, Memory, and Reconciliation Project endeavors to shed light on this history and its contemporary legacies while working with descendants of the people the Society of Jesus held in slavery to determine steps forward today.
Thinking with Weber’s Religion of China in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Sun Anna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a new approach to Max Weber’s Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism, which is to make the development of Confucianism, rather than the development of modern capitalism, the dependent variable in our analysis of Chinese society. In this light, Weber’s treatment of Confucianism and Daoism as an interconnected whole (the orthodoxy and heterodoxy of Chinese society) may be seen as a promising step in understanding the ecological dynamics of the Chinese religious system. In this system, diverse religious traditions coexist and are often interdependent, forming a rich tapestry of practices, beliefs, and ethics that give meaning to people in their everyday lives.
Proto-Japonic Verbal Morphology: Insights from the South Ryukyuan Negative Forms of Vowel Verbs
Authors: Jarosz Aleksandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper provides a comparative analysis of Old Japanese negative forms of bigrade verbs and their cognates in Sakishima/South Ryukyuan languages. South Ryukyuan cognates of bigrade verbs in their negative forms, as well as a number of other forms traditionally associated with the irrealis (mizenkei, 未然形) base, essentially present two suffixes: one, a straightforward cognate with the analogous suffixes elsewhere in Japonic, being traceable to Proto-Sakishima *-en-, the other being traceable to Proto-Sakishima *-on-, with no clear Japonic cognates. My argument is that despite the appearances, this *-en-/*-on- alternation is not a result of a Sakishima innovation, but instead is rooted in Proto-Japonic morphology of vowel verbs. By applying the rules of vowel crasis and contraction known for Proto-Japonic and Old Japanese, I postulate the proto-language coexistence of two forms of verbal negation: one derived from the Proto-Japonic ancestor of nominalized (one of the functions of the ren’yōkei 連用形) and the other from the finite (shūshikei 終止形) base forms. I conclude that the former was broadly distributed throughout the Proto-Japonic area, while the latter was confined to the regions that eventually bore Proto-Sakishima speakers.
Reflexives, Reciprocals, and Intensifiers in Ewen: An Exercise in Tungusic Dialectology
Authors: Matić Dejan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The dialects of Ewen vary widely with respect to the forms and uses of reflexive, reciprocal, and intensifier pronouns derived from the stems meːn and bej. This paper establishes nine isoglosses based on the features of these pronominal forms and plots them on the dialectal map of Ewen. In a second step, comparative evidence from other Tungusic and some contact languages of Ewen is adduced in order to shed light on the diachronic developments underlying the current dialectal distrubtion of the forms in question. As a result, a number of tentative historical scenarios for the developments of reflexives and intensifiers both in Ewen and in Tungusic in general are suggested.
Two Newly Found Xiōng-nú Inscriptions and Their Significance for the Early Linguistic History of Central Asia
Authors: Vovin Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present article deals with two recently excavated Xiōng-nú inscriptions from the Xiōng-nú capital Lóng Chéng in Mongolia. Although these inscriptions are in Chinese, they contain the title of the Xiōng-nú supreme ruler 單于 *darƣwa, which is attested for the first time outside of Chinese dynastic chronicles. On the basis of this fact, I propose a hypothesis that Xiōng-nú used Chinese characters to transcribe phonographically their own language.
Estimating the Thermodynamic and Dynamic Contributions to Hydroclimatic Change over Peninsular Florida
Authors: Misra Vasubandhu , Bhardwaj Amit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study we examine the thermodynamically and dynamically forced hydroclimatic changes in the four representative seasons over Peninsular Florida (PF) from an unprecedented pair of high-resolution regional coupled ocean–atmosphere model simulations conducted at 10-km grid spacing for both the atmospheric and the oceanic components forced by one of the global climate models that participated in CMIP5. The model simulation verifies reasonably well with the observations and captures the distinct seasonal cycle of the region. The projected change in the freshwater flux in the mid-twenty-first century (2041–60) relative to the late twentieth century (1986–2005) shows a precipitation deficit in the summer over PF, which is statistically significant. This projected change in freshwater flux over PF is enabled by the strengthening of the anticyclonic North Atlantic subtropical high circulation with corresponding changes in divergence of moisture, advection of moisture from changes in the winds and in the change in humidity gradient, and from the change in moisture flux convergence by the transient eddies. These changes suggest that a future warm climate could witness a drier summer over PF at the expense of a wetter West Florida Shelf. The analysis conducted in this study reveals that the changes in atmospheric circulation have a significant impact on the hydroclimate, far more than that implied by the Clausius–Clapeyron equation from changes in temperature.
Graph embedding ensemble methods based on the heterogeneous network for lncRNA-miRNA interaction prediction
Authors: Zhao Chengshuai , Qiu Yang , Zhou Shuang , Liu Shichao , Zhang Wen , Niu Yanqing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundResearchers discover LncRNA–miRNA regulatory paradigms modulate gene expression patterns and drive major cellular processes. Identification of lncRNA-miRNA interactions (LMIs) is critical to reveal the mechanism of biological processes and complicated diseases. Because conventional wet experiments are time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly, a few computational methods have been proposed to expedite the identification of lncRNA-miRNA interactions. However, little attention has been paid to fully exploit the structural and topological information of the lncRNA-miRNA interaction network.ResultsIn this paper, we propose novel lncRNA-miRNA prediction methods by using graph embedding and ensemble learning. First, we calculate lncRNA-lncRNA sequence similarity and miRNA-miRNA sequence similarity, and then we combine them with the known lncRNA-miRNA interactions to construct a heterogeneous network. Second, we adopt several graph embedding methods to learn embedded representations of lncRNAs and miRNAs from the heterogeneous network, and construct the ensemble models using two ensemble strategies. For the former, we consider individual graph embedding based models as base predictors and integrate their predictions, and develop a method, named GEEL-PI. For the latter, we construct a deep attention neural network (DANN) to integrate various graph embeddings, and present an ensemble method, named GEEL-FI. The experimental results demonstrate both GEEL-PI and GEEL-FI outperform other state-of-the-art methods. The effectiveness of two ensemble strategies is validated by further experiments. Moreover, the case studies show that GEEL-PI and GEEL-FI can find novel lncRNA-miRNA associations.ConclusionThe study reveals that graph embedding and ensemble learning based method is efficient for integrating heterogeneous information derived from lncRNA-miRNA interaction network and can achieve better performance on LMI prediction task. In conclusion, GEEL-PI and GEEL-FI are promising for lncRNA-miRNA interaction prediction.
Clinical characteristics of 41 patients with pneumonia due to 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Jilin, China
Authors: Zhang Qing , Xu Qian , Chen Yi-yang , Lou Li-xin , Che Li-he , Li Xiao-hua , Sun Lu-yao , Bao Wan-guo , Du Na 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Jilin Province, China were investigated.

Methods
Clinical, laboratory, radiology, and treatment data of 41 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 were retrospectively collected. The population was stratified by disease severity as mild, moderate, or severe, based on guidelines of the National Health and Medical Commission of China.

Results
The 41 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were studied, and the median age was 45 years (interquartile range [IQR], 31–53; range, 10–87 years) and 18 patients (43.9%) were female. All of the patients had recently visited Wuhan or other places (ie, Beijing, Thailand) or had Wuhan-related exposure. Common symptoms included fever (32[78%]) and cough (29[70.7%]). All patients were without hepatitis B/C virus hepatitis. CRP (C-reactive protein, 11.3 mg/L [interquartile range {IQR}, 2.45–35.2]) was elevated in 22 patients (53.7%), and cardiac troponin I (1.5 ng/mL [IQR, 0.8–5.0]) was elevated in 41 patients (100%). Chest computed tomographic scans showed bilateral ground glass opacity (GGO) or GGO with consolidation in the lungs of 27(65.9%) patients. 31(75.6%) patients had an abnormal electrocardiograph (ECG). Comparing the three groups, the levels of CRP and cardiac troponin I, GGO distribution in bilateral lungs, and electrocardiogram changes were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Cardiac troponin I had a strong positive correlation with CRP (r = 0.704, p = 0.042) and LDH (r = 0.738, p = 0.037).

Conclusion
Significant differences among the groups suggest that several clinical parameters may serve as biomarkers of COVID-19 severity at hospital admission. Elevated cTnI could be considered as a predictor of severe COVID-19, reflecting the prognosis of patients with severe COVID-19. The results warrant further inspection and confirmation.
Outcome of a single XEN microstent implant for glaucoma patients with different types of glaucoma
Authors: Schargus Marc , Theilig Theresa , Rehak Matus , Busch Catharina , Bormann Caroline , Unterlauft Jan Darius 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy and safety profile of a single XEN-microstent in different types of primary and secondary open angle glaucoma.

Methods
A single XEN microstent was implanted in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEX) and secondary glaucoma (Sec.Gl). The intraocular pressure (IOP), the active substances of the applied IOP-lowering drugs, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the mean deviation (MD) of the perimetry were measured at baseline and at regular follow-ups, scheduled at 2 days and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery.

Results
153 eyes were included in this analysis. 113 eyes were affected by POAG (74%), 5 eyes by NTG (3%), 22 eyes by PEX (14%) and 13 eyes by Sec. Gl (9%). Mean IOP decreased in all treatment groups during the 12 months of follow-up (complete group: 23.9 ± 7.4 to 15.4 ± 5.1 mmHg (p < 0.01); POAG: 22.8 ± 6.5 to 15.1 ± 4.6 mmHg (p < 0.01); NTG: 16.6 ± 3.4 to 11.6 ± 2.2 mmHg (p < 0.05); PEX: 28.0 ± 7.9 to 17.1 ± 6.6 mmHg (p < 0.01); Sec.Gl: 28.9 ± 13.9 to 15.5 ± 6.9 mmHg (p < 0.05)). In the 153 eyes the average number of IOP-lowering drugs applied decreased from 2.6 ± 1.2 to 0.8 ± 1.3 12 months after surgery (p < 0.01). BCVA and mean deviation of automated standard perimetry remained stable in all groups during follow-up.

Conclusion
As in eyes suffering from POAG, IOP and number of IOP-lowering drugs applied can be effectively reduced by XEN implantation in eyes suffering from NTG, PEX and secondary glaucoma while leaving BCVA and visual field unchanged.

Trial registration
Trial was registered at DRKS (registration number: DRKS00020800, Registered 25.February 2020 - Retrospectively registered).