bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mealtime: A circadian disruptor and determinant of energy balance?
Authors: Ruddick‐Collins Leonie C. , Morgan Peter J. , Johnstone Alexandra M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCircadian rhythms play a critical role in the physiological processes involved in energy metabolism and energy balance (EB). A large array of metabolic processes, including the expression of many energy‐regulating endocrine hormones, display temporal rhythms that are driven by both the circadian clock and food intake. Mealtime has been shown to be a compelling zeitgeber in peripheral tissue rhythms. Inconsistent signalling to the periphery, because of mismatched input from the central clock vs time of eating, results in circadian disruption in which central and/or peripheral rhythms are asynchronously time shifted or their amplitudes reduced. A growing body of evidence supports the negative health effects of circadian disruption, with strong evidence in murine models that mealtime‐induced circadian disruption results in various metabolic consequences, including energy imbalance and weight gain. Increased weight gain has been reported to occur even without differences in energy intake, indicating an effect of circadian disruption on energy expenditure. However, the translation of these findings to humans is not well established because the ability to undertake rigorously controlled dietary studies that explore the chronic effects on energy regulation is challenging. Establishing the neuroendocrine changes in response to both acute and chronic variations in mealtime, along with observations in populations with routinely abnormal mealtimes, may provide greater insight into underlying mechanisms that influence long‐term weight management under different meal patterns. Human studies should explore mechanisms through relevant biomarkers; for example, cortisol, leptin, ghrelin and other energy‐regulating neuroendocrine factors. Mistiming between aggregate hormonal signals, or between hormones with their receptors, may cause reduced signalling intensity and hormonal resistance. Understanding how mealtimes may impact on the coordination of endocrine factors is essential for untangling the complex regulation of EB. Here a review is provided on current evidence of the impacts of mealtime on energy metabolism and the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms, with a specific focus on human research.
Payday lending, crime, and bankruptcy: Is there a connection?
Authors: Barth James R. , Hilliard Jitka , Jahera John S. , Lee Kang B. , Sun Yanfei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe payday lending industry has been the subject of controversy over the years. This is largely due to the high fee structure of payday loans and the view of some that the industry targets economically vulnerable groups. For these reasons, some states prohibit payday lending, while others impose regulatory restrictions on their operations. Despite the prohibitions and restrictions, the industry nonetheless serves a significant segment of the U.S. population. Our purpose is to determine whether in addition to providing loans to individuals, access to payday lenders is associated with less property crime and fewer bankruptcies. Using a unique data set obtained directly from all state regulatory authorities, we find evidence, contrary to some earlier studies, that the presence of payday lenders may help reduce property crime as well as personal bankruptcies.
Influence of group resilience on job satisfaction among Korean nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Son Dong‐Min , Ham Ok‐Kyung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study examined whether the individual and organisational factors of ecological systems theory are associated with job satisfaction among nurses in South Korea.BackgroundNursing shortages and high turnover rates are a global issue in healthcare settings, and job satisfaction is significantly associated with the turnover intention of nurses. Therefore, efforts to promote job satisfaction are needed to decrease the high turnover rates among nurses and promote care quality and patient safety.DesignA cross‐sectional study was performed. This paper adhered to the STROBE guidelines.MethodsA sample of 438 nurses working in five secondary or tertiary hospitals was surveyed. The study instruments included work–life balance, resilience, insomnia and job satisfaction.ResultsUsing multilevel analysis, both individual and organisational factors were associated significantly with job satisfaction, and variance at the group level accounted for 19.98% of the total variance of job satisfaction. Among the individual factors, marital status and work–life balance were significantly associated with job satisfaction. At the organisational level, the group mean resilience score was significantly associated with job satisfaction (p < .05).ConclusionThe psychosocial characteristics of individual nurses and their affiliated groups (nursing units) were significant in explaining the job satisfaction of nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceBoth individual‐focused and group‐focused interventions are needed to improve job satisfaction and decrease the turnover intention.
“It is really so exhausting”: Exploring intensive care nurses’ perceptions of 24‐hour long shifts
Authors: Koy Virya , Yunibhand Jintana , Turale Sue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore the perceptions and experiences of Cambodian ICU registered nurses regarding their working 24‐hr shifts.BackgroundIn Europe and the USA, nurses are moving to a 12‐hr shift, and numerous studies have revealed the positive and negative effects of these. However, lesser known is the impact of 24‐hr nursing shifts on care quality, and health and safety. In Cambodia, 100% of nurses are rostered for these in their shift patterns, but until this study no research had been conducted on such shifts.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodThree focus group discussions were conducted with 30 registered nurses in July 2019, ten in each group, from three intensive care units of three hospitals in Cambodia. Data saturation was obtained. Data were analysed using content analysis, and the COREQ was applied for reporting this study.FindingsThe ICU nurses’ perspectives revealed significant and unacceptable effects of working shifts of ~25‐hr length, taking into account staff handover. Two major themes arose: It is so exhausting and Compromised hospital care. Alarmingly, participants worked on average 72 hr per week, were exhausted, and nursed between 6 and 10 critically ill patients per shift.ConclusionTo our knowledge this is the first study on nurses working 24‐hr shifts, revealing unacceptable, high risks for the health and safety of nurses and patients, with nursing activities left undone, and a lack of quality care.Relevance to clinical practiceImproving nurse and patient health and safety, and quality of care requires hospital leaders to work with government and nursing organisations to develop better shift strategies. Resources need to be provided so that: nurses can work a maximum 12‐hr shifts; the ratio of nurses to patients is improved; and nurses can have decent break times. This has major implications, for not only practice, but also management, administration, budgets and education.
School‐Based Health Centers in the United States: Roots, Reality, and Potential
Authors: Dunfee Madeline N. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDGiven the amount of time children and adolescents spend in school, these locations may be ideal for simultaneously supporting young people's health and academic achievement. School‐based health centers (SBHCs) not only bring care to students in accessible and familiar locations, these centers also provide guidance for young people during a life stage when they are establishing lifelong health behavior habits.METHODSThis article examines the literature exploring the impact of SBHCs from the perspective of multiple stakeholder groups including students, guardians, school personnel, community members, providers, hospital administrators, public health officials, and insurers.RESULTSStudies describe the positive effects of SBHCs on students' health and educational outcomes. SBHCs are generally associated with decreased health care disparities among students, accelerated treatment, and increased school attendance.CONCLUSIONSAdditional research exploring strategies for optimizing SBHC's economic efficiency and tailoring SBHC services to meet the needs of vulnerable patient populations is essential. Investigation into the impacts of SBHCs on community stakeholders outside of the student population is also vital.
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THE AUSTRALIA – ANTARCTICA CONJUGATE MARGINS USING THE GALO SYSTEM: PART 1. THE BREMER SUB‐BASIN, SW AUSTRALIA
Authors: Galushkin Y. I. , Leitchenkov G. L. , Dubinin E. P. 
Published: June 2020

An analysis of variations in the tectonic subsidence of the Bremer sub‐basin (offshore SW Australia) since 160 Ma using the GALO numerical basin modelling programme has made it possible both to refine previous models and to estimate the intensity of stretching and thermal activation of the lithosphere. The new model explains the rapid subsidence of the sub‐basin and the deposition of the synrift Bremer 1 unit during the initial rift phase in the Late Jurassic (160 to 130 Ma). This phase of extension was accompanied by high heat flows, typical of the axial zones of continental rifts, and lithospheric stretching with a β‐factor of about 1.4. Between 130 and 43 Ma, the abnormally low depositional rate and the shallow water depths suggest moderate thermal activation of the mantle and the absence of extension‐driven subsidence. However during the Eocene (43 to 37 Ma), the modelling suggests that another phase of intense stretching of the sub‐basin lithosphere took place with β = 1.7, explaining both the subsidence and an abrupt increase in water depth from about 50–200 m to nearer 2000 m.The high heat flows during the initial stage of rifting and thermal activation during Cenozoic extension contributed to the early generation of hydrocarbons by source rocks in the Bremer 1 unit at the base of sedimentary cover. At the present day, these source rocks are overmature. At the same time, the modelling suggests that generation of light and heavy oil in the overlying Bremer 2 and 3 units has occurred. Source rock intervals in the upper half of the Bremer 3 unit and in the overlying successions are early mature or immature and may have generated minor volumes of hydrocarbons.
Possible function of GDNF and Schwann cells in wound healing of periodontal tissue
Authors: Itoyama Tomohiro , Yoshida Shinichiro , Tomokiyo Atsushi , Hasegawa Daigaku , Hamano Sayuri , Sugii Hideki , Ono Taiga , Fujino Shoko , Maeda Hidefumi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of Schwann cells in wound healing of periodontal tissue.BackgroundIn our previous study, glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promoted the migration of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and that GDNF expression increased in wounded periodontal tissue. GDNF reportedly induces the migration of Schwann cell precursors. Schwann cells play a crucial role in the regeneration of peripheral tissues, including bone tissue. However, the role of Schwann cells on periodontal tissue regeneration remains unclear.MethodsA transwell assay and a WST‐1 (water‐soluble tetrazolium compound‐1) proliferation assay were used to determine whether GDNF promotes the migration and proliferation of Schwann cells, respectively. Quantitative RT‐PCR and Alizarin Red S staining were performed to examine the effect of these cells on the differentiation of human preosteoblast (Saos2 cells) using conditioned medium from YST‐1 (YST‐1‐CM). Western blotting analysis was performed to determine whether YST‐1‐CM activates ERK signaling pathway in Saos2 cells. The expression of Schwann cell markers, S100 calcium‐binding protein B (S100‐B) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP‐43), was determined in normal and wounded periodontal tissue by immunofluorescent staining.ResultsGlial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor promoted the migration of YST‐1 cells but did not affect the proliferation of YST‐1 cells. Saos2 cells cultured with YST‐1‐CM increased the expression of osteoblastic markers and mineralization. YST‐1‐CM also induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in Saos2 cells. The number of S100‐B‐immunoreactive cells which also expressed GAP‐43 was increased in rat wounded periodontal tissue during healing process.ConclusionThe accumulation of Schwann cells in wounded periodontal tissue suggests that they play a significant role in wound healing of this tissue, especially alveolar bone tissue.
Low‐coverage genomic data resolve the population divergence and gene flow history of an Australian rain forest fig wasp
Authors: Cooper Lisa , Bunnefeld Lynsey , Hearn Jack , Cook James M. , Lohse Konrad , Stone Graham N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPopulation divergence and gene flow are key processes in evolution and ecology. Model‐based analysis of genome‐wide data sets allows discrimination between alternative scenarios for these processes even in nonmodel taxa. We used two complementary approaches (one based on the blockwise site frequency spectrum [bSFS], the second on the pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent [PSMC]) to infer the divergence history of a fig wasp, Pleistodontes nigriventris. Pleistodontes nigriventris and its fig tree mutualist Ficus watkinsiana are restricted to rain forest patches along the eastern coast of Australia and are separated into The Northern population is to the north of the Southern populations by two dry forest corridors (the Burdekin and St. Lawrence Gaps). We generated whole genome sequence data for two haploid males per population and used the bSFS approach to infer the timing of divergence between northern and southern populations of P. nigriventris, and to discriminate between alternative isolation with migration (IM) and instantaneous admixture (ADM) models of postdivergence gene flow. Pleistodontes nigriventris has low genetic diversity (π = 0.0008), to our knowledge one of the lowest estimates reported for a sexually reproducing arthropod. We find strongest support for an ADM model in which the two populations diverged ca. 196 kya in the late Pleistocene, with almost 25% of northern lineages introduced from the south during an admixture event ca. 57 kya. This divergence history is highly concordant with individual population demographies inferred from each pair of haploid males using PSMC. Our analysis illustrates the inferences possible with genome‐level data for small population samples of tiny, nonmodel organisms and adds to a growing body of knowledge on the population structure of Australian rain forest taxa.
New membership function for poverty measure
Authors: Belhadj Besma , Kaabi Firas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFuzziness in a fuzzy set is determined by its membership function (m.f) which translates the reality of a problem. Accordingly, the shapes of membership functions (m.fs) are important for a particular problem such as poverty since they effect on a fuzzy inference system. Some authors have used to visualize the behaviour of poverty, different shapes like triangular, trapezoidal. In this paper, a specific (m.f), named modified logistic membership function better illustrating the complicated reality, is proposed to measure poverty. The modified logistic membership function is first formulated for several states of poverty and its flexibility in taking up vagueness in poverty is established by an analytical approach using aggregate operators in order to infer a logical conclusion measuring poverty. An application based on individual well‐being data from Tunisian households in 2010 is presented to illustrate use of proposed concepts.
Clinical significance of Candida isolation from dystrophic fingernails
Authors: Shemer Avner , Daniel Ralph , Lyakhovitsky Anna , Aghion‐Svirsky Vered , Kassem Riad , Rigopoulos Dimitris , Farhi Renata , Galili Eran 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundCandida onychomycosis mostly involves fingernails. Yet, in contrast to dermatophytes, Candida isolation from dystrophic fingernails does not prove casualty, as sample contamination and non‐pathogenic Candida growth occur. Characterising treatment outcome of Candida‐positive dystrophic nails is crucial to avoid unnecessary treatment.ObjectiveTo investigate predicators associated with treatment outcome among Candida‐positive dystrophic fingernails.Patients and methodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out among 108 adults with Candida‐positive dystrophic fingernails not cured with adequate systemic anti‐fungal course. Diagnosis was based on a single mycological culture. Patients with treatment failure (n = 85; 78.7% of the cases) were compared to patients with partial response (mild to almost cure; n = 23; 21.3% of the cases) at 9 to 12 months following treatment initiation.ResultsTreatment failure was significantly associated with primary onycholysis (odds ratio [OR] 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1‐7.4) and prolonged dystrophy (12.8 vs. 3.7 years in average), compared to partial treatment response. Non‐responders had lower odds to present with distal lateral subungual onychomycosis, compared to partial responders (OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1‐0.7). Demographic and mycological characteristics, as well as number of nails affected, co‐presence of paronychia, and treatment regime were not found to be associated with treatment response.ConclusionCandida‐positive primary onycholysis was shown to be non‐responsive to systemic anti‐fungal treatment, suggesting that anti‐fungal treatment is not indicated. For other clinical scenarios, high proportions of treatment non‐response suggest that determining causality of Candida should not be based on a single positive mycological culture.
Candidaemia in the elderly: Epidemiology, management and adherence to the European Confederation of Medical Mycology quality indicators
Authors: Bal Abhijit M. , Palchaudhuri Mihir 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundCandidaemia in the elderly has not been extensively investigated.ObjectivesWe compared the management of candidaemia in the elderly patients (age ≥65 years) and the very elderly subgroup of patients (age ≥75 years) with those belonging to the younger group (age <65 years) using the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) Quality (EQUAL) standard.Patients & MethodsOver a 10‐year period (April 2011‐March 2020), patients with candida bloodstream infection were identified. Data pertaining to demographics, clinical risk factors, antifungal treatment, central venous catheter and investigations such as echocardiogram and fundoscopy were obtained from electronic sources and medical case notes.ResultsA total of 174 episodes of candidaemia were recorded, comprising of 74 episodes in younger patients and 100 in the elderly, of whom 56 were in the very elderly patients. Of the 177 Candida species recovered, 79 were Candida albicans. EQUAL scores were analysed for 148 patients. The mean score was significantly lower in the elderly (10.4) and the very elderly (9.7) patients compared to the patients in the younger age group (12.19) (P < .01). In particular, this was due to lower blood culture volume drawn (P < .01) and, in the very elderly group, significantly lower scores for the quality indicators pertaining to echocardiogram and fundoscopy (P = .03). The overall mean EQUAL score was 11.16 (median 11; interquartile range 8‐14). The 30‐day survival was 68% and was similar between all groups.ConclusionsAreas of improvement were identified in the management of candidaemia in the elderly patients.
Correlations among life stress, smoking behavior, and depressive symptoms in adolescents: A descriptive study with a mediating model
Authors: Ho Yen‐Chung , Lee Hsin‐Chien , Lin Mei‐Feng , Chang Hsiu‐Ju 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe major objective of this study was to investigate how smoking behavior mediates the relationship between life stress and depressive symptoms in adolescents. A descriptive correlational study was conducted from February to June 2017 at a vocational high school in northern Taiwan, and 226 students were recruited through convenience sampling. Results indicated that smoking behavior played a pivotal role by partially mediating the relationship between life stress and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Life stress in adolescents significantly increased the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms, and adolescents who smoked were also at a greater risk. Assessments between the objective and self‐reported smoking behavior were significantly correlated. Therefore, integrated methods for assessing life stress, smoking behavior, and depressive symptoms in adolescents are needed for teachers and clinical professionals. Implementing appropriate policies for discouraging tobacco use for adolescents experiencing life stress in order to decrease depressive symptoms in school settings is paramount.
Rethinking Carper's personal knowing for 21st century nursing
Authors: Thorne Sally 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 1978, Barbara Carper named personal knowing as a fundamental way of knowing in our discipline. By that, she meant the discovery of self‐and‐other, arrived at through reflection, synthesis of perceptions and connecting with what is known. Along with empirics, aesthetics and ethics, personal knowing was understood as an essential attribute of nursing knowledge evolution, setting the context for the nurse to become receptively attentive to and engaged within the interpersonal processes of practice. Although much has been done over the 40 years since Carper described these ways of knowing, and we have seen enormous advances in empirics and ethics, and I would argue even in aesthetics (understanding the subtle craft of nursing in action), personal knowing may not have attracted its fair share of critical unpacking. Further, we see increasing evidence of a distortion on how forms of personal knowledge, including beliefs and attitudes, are being taken up within segments of the profession; these include legitimizing idiosyncratic positionings and, most worrisome, challenges to the idea that there are and ought to be fundamental truths within nursing that stand as central to disciplinary knowledge. In this paper, the author reflects on the confusion that a continued uncritical deference to personal knowing may be creating and the evolving interests it seems to serve.
The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system as a link between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 severity
Authors: Akoumianakis Ioannis , Filippatos Theodosios 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the severe acute respiratory distress coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2), is a rapidly evolving pandemic challenging the world and posing unprecedented public health issues. Current data show that COVID‐19 is associated with increased disease severity in individuals with obesity. Obesity is usually associated with dysregulated renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAAS) axis. RAAS has also been implicated in acute lung injury as well as myocardial injury and has thus attracted interest as a potential regulator of COVID‐19 severity. Whilst research all over the world is still struggling to provide a detailed characterization of the biology of SARS‐CoV2 and its associated disease profile, it has become evident that SARS‐CoV2 uses the membrane‐bound form of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for cell internalization. ACE2 is a protective component of the RAAS axis and is downregulated after SARS‐CoV2 infection. The RAAS axis could thus be a link between obesity and COVID‐19 severity; therefore, more accurate understanding of the underlying mechanisms would be needed with the hope of proposing efficient therapeutic interventions.