bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo confocal microscopy: qualitative investigation of the conjunctival and corneal surface in open angle glaucomatous patients undergoing the XEN-Gel implant, trabeculectomy or medical therapy
Authors: Baiocchi Stefano , Mazzotta Cosimo , Sgheri Arianna , Di Maggio Alessandro , Bagaglia Simone Alex , Posarelli Matteo , Ciompi Leonardo , Meduri Alessandro , Tosi Gian Marco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Assessing the quality of the ocular surface by in vivo scanning laser confocal microscopy (IVCM) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients treated by Xen 45 Gel Stent, medical therapy and trabeculectomy.

Methods
Retrospective, single-center, single-masked, comparative study including 60 eyes of 30 patients (mean age 61.16 ± 10 years) affected by POAG. Eyes were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 eyes underwent the Xen 45 Gel Stent procedure, Group 2 eyes were under medical therapy, Group 3 eyes were surgically treated by trabeculectomy. All patients underwent HRT II IVCM analysis of cornea, limbus, conjunctiva, sub-tenionian space and sclera.

Results
The Xen 45 Gel stent, if properly positioned in the sub-conjunctival space preserves goblet cells and limits ocular surface inflammation. Regular corneal epithelial cells with micro-cysts, and normo-reflective sub-epithelial nerve plexus are documented by IVCM. In sub Tenon’s implants an alternative lamellar intra-scleral filtration is detectable. Combined surgical procedures show a noticeable number of inflammatory cells with rare micro-cysts. Post-trabeculectomy inflammatory reaction is more evident than Xen 45 Gel Stent associated surgical procedures, but less than medical therapy where a conspicuous presence of Langerhans cells, peri-neural infiltrates, marked loss of goblet cells and fibrosis is visible.

Conclusion
Ocular surface inflammation was more notable in topical therapy than after trabeculectomy, which itself causes more inflammation than XEN Gel stents.
Clinical impact of applying strategic programming in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators beyond reducing inappropriate shocks
Authors: Hwang You Mi , Kim Jun , Nam Gi Byoung , Choi Kee Joon , Kim You Ho , Park Seo Young 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The incidence of inappropriate shocks remains high at 30% in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). This retrospective study sought to examine the efficacy of strategic programming (ICD programming with a long detection interval and high-rate cutoff) in reducing electrical storm, inappropriate shocks, and unexpected hospital visits in patients with ICDs with/without cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-Ds).

Methods
This was a single tertiary center retrospective study, evaluating the clinical outcomes, especially regarding inappropriate therapies in patients with ICDs or CRT-Ds. Enrolled patients underwent ICD or CRT-D implantations from January 2008 to May 2016. Clinical information was attained by a thorough chart review.

Results
We analyzed 155 defibrillator patients from January 2008 to May 2016 (124 patients had ICDs and 31 had CRT-Ds). Since we adopted this strategic programming as a default programming from 2015 implanted ICDs and CRT-Ds, we divided the patients into two groups: devices implanted before 2015 (group A, n = 94) versus implanted after 2015 (group B, n = 61). During a median of 1289 days of follow-up, electrical storms occurred in three patients (eight events) in group B versus 11 (28 events) in group A (P = 0.18); appropriate therapies were delivered in 27 patients (56 events) in group A versus 7 (15 events) in group B (P = 0.72); inappropriate therapies were delivered in 15 patients (21 events) in group A versus 1 with 1 episode in group B (P = 0.03); and 5 unexpected hospitalizations occurred in four patients in group B versus 36 in 24 patients in group A (P = 0.02).

Conclusion
The clinical application of strategic programming reduced inappropriate shocks and unexpected hospitalizations in ICD and CRT-D patients.
Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation in Female Mice Causes Osteopenia in Adult Offspring
Authors: Shi Yu , Saben Jessica L , He Guangxu , Moley Kelle H , Long Fanxin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Bone mass and quality in humans are controlled by numerous genetic and environmental factors that are not fully understood. Increasing evidence has indicated that maternal metabolic dysregulation impairs multiple physiological processes in the adult offspring, but a similar effect on bone health is yet to be established. Here, we have analyzed the bones of first-generation offspring from murine dams that present metabolic syndrome due to a high-fat and high-sugar (HF/HS) diet. Micro-CT analyses show that the long bones of HF/HS offspring possess lower cortical bone mass and weaker mechanical strength than normal, even though the trabecular bone is not affected. Histomorphometry and serum biochemistry indicate that both bone formation and resorption are diminished in the HF/HS offspring. In vitro, both osteoblast and osteoclast progenitors from the HF/HS offspring are deficient in differentiation, likely due to impairment of mitochondrial respiration. The study, therefore, identifies maternal metabolic health as an important environmental factor influencing bone volume and strength.
TIRADS Management Guidelines in the Investigation of Thyroid Nodules; Illustrating the Concerns, Costs, and Performance
Authors: Cawood Tom James , Mackay Georgia Rose , Hunt Penny Jane , O’Shea Donal , Skehan Stephen , Ma Yi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context
Ultrasound (US) risk-stratification systems for investigation of thyroid nodules may not be as useful as anticipated.

Objective
We aimed to assess the performance and costs of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Image Reporting And Data System (ACR-TIRADS).

Design, Settings and Participants
We examined the data set upon which ACR-TIRADS was developed, and applied TR1 or TR2 as a rule-out test, TR5 as a rule-in test, or applied ACR-TIRADS across all nodule categories. We assessed a hypothetical clinical comparator where 1 in 10 nodules are randomly selected for fine needle aspiration (FNA), assuming a pretest probability of clinically important thyroid cancer of 5%.

Results
The gender bias (92% female) and cancer prevalence (10%) of the data set suggests it may not accurately reflect the intended test population. Applying ACR-TIRADS across all nodule categories did not perform well, with sensitivity and specificity between 60% and 80% and overall accuracy worse than random selection (65% vs 85%). Test performance in the TR3 and TR4 categories had an accuracy of less than 60%. Using TR5 as a rule-in test was similar to random selection (specificity 89% vs 90%). Using TR1 and TR2 as a rule-out test had excellent sensitivity (97%), but for every additional person that ACR-TIRADS correctly reassures, this requires &gt;100 ultrasound scans, resulting in 6 unnecessary operations and significant financial cost.

Conclusions
Perhaps surprisingly, the performance ACR-TIRADS may often be no better than random selection. The management guidelines may be difficult to justify from a cost/benefit perspective. A prospective validation study that determines the true performance of TIRADS in the real-world is needed.
Different drying temperatures modulate chemical and antioxidant properties of mandai cempedak (Artocarpus integer)
Authors: Rahmadi Anton , Sabarina Yuliana , Agustin Sukmiyati 
Published: March 2020

Background: Mandai, the fermented inner skin of cempedak (Artocarpus integer), may have further use as an industrial ingredient while maintaining its antioxidative capacity. The starter culture of Lactobacillus casei may induce the Mandai fermentation. This research was carried out (i) to investigate the effect of temperature on yield, chemical properties, and antioxidant activity of starter induced fermented mandai powder, (ii) to find the best drying temperature for the powder, and (iii) to find correlations between phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the powder. Methods: The drying temperature was used as the variable, and was set at 45, 50, and 55°C at a fixed duration of 18 hours. The control was spontaneously fermented mandai dried at 50°C for 18 hours. Total phenolic content (TPC), hydrolyzed tannic content (HTC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were spectrophotometrically measured, expressed gallic acid (GAE), tannic acid (TAE), and catechin (CAE) equivalents. The DPPH assay measured antioxidant capacity. Results: The best mandai powder had total phenolic content of 348.8±55.6 mg GAE kg -1, HTC of 143.8±9.3 mg TAE kg -1, TFC of 17.5±1.3 mg CAE kg -1, antioxidant activity (IC 50) of 56.96 ppm, ash content of 4.0±0.7%, pH value of 5.0±0.8, and yield of 9.3±0.8%. There was a strong correlation between TPC, HTC, TFC, and antioxidant activity. Conclusions: Drying temperature affected all observed parameters but not yield, ash and pH. The temperature of 45°C emerged as the best treatment to produce mandai powder from L. casei-inoculated mandai cempedak fermentation. The phenolic components contributed to the antioxidant activity of mandai cempedak.
Ventilatory compensation during the incremental exercise test is inversely correlated with air trapping in COPD
Authors: Kuint Rottem , Berkman Neville , Nusair Samir 
Published: March 2020

Background: Air trapping and gas exchange abnormalities are major causes of exercise limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing, actual nadir values of ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (V E/VCO 2) and oxygen (V E/VO 2) may be difficult to identify in COPD patients because of limited ventilatory compensation capacity. Therefore, we aimed in this exploratory study to detect a possible correlation between the magnitude of ventilation augmentation, as manifested by increments in ventilatory equivalents from nadir to peak exercise values and air trapping, detected with static testing. Methods: In this observational study, we studied data obtained previously from 20 COPD patients who, during routine follow-up, underwent a symptom-limited incremental exercise test and in whom a plethysmography was obtained concurrently. Air trapping at rest was assessed by measurement of the residual volume (RV) to total lung capacity (TLC) ratio (RV/TLC). Gas exchange data collected during the symptom-limited incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test allowed determination of the nadir and peak exercise values of V E/VCO 2 and V E/VO 2, thus enabling calculation of the difference between peak exrcise value and nadir values of V E/VCO 2 and V E/VO 2, designated ΔV E/VCO 2 and ΔV E/VO 2, respectively. Results: We found a statistically significant inverse correlation between both ΔV E/VCO 2 (r = -0. 5058, 95% CI -0.7750 to -0.08149, p = 0.0234) and ΔV E/VO 2 (r = -0.5588, 95% CI -0.8029 to -0.1545, p = 0.0104) and the degree of air trapping (RV/TLC). There was no correlation between ΔV E/VCO 2 and forced expiratory volume in the first second, or body mass index. Conclusions: The ventilatory equivalents increment to compensate for acidosis during incremental exercise testing was inversely correlated with air trapping (RV/TLC).
Evaluation of a behavior-centered design strategy for creating demand for oral PrEP among young women in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Morton Jennifer F. , Myers Laura , Gill Katherine , Bekker Linda-Gail , Stein Gabrielle , Thomas Katherine K. , Duyver Menna , van der Straten Ariane , McConnell Margaret , Aunger Robert , Curtis Valerie , de Witt Huberts Jessie , Van Damme Lut , Baeten Jared M. , Celum Connie 
Published: March 2020

Background: There is an urgent need to find effective interventions that reduce young South African women’s vulnerability to HIV, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective when taken consistently. As national programs in Africa launch PrEP programs for young women, it is critical to understand how to effectively create awareness, stimulate interest, and increase uptake of PrEP. Methods: Behavior-centered design (BCD) guided the development of a PrEP social marketing campaign for young women. Ethnographic observations, in-depth interviews, and focus-group discussions with young South African women informed the content and design of a 90-second PrEP demand creation video and two informational brochures. A short survey was administered to young women at their homes after watching a video to evaluate PrEP interest. Of 800 households with a 16-25-year-old female identified from a Cape Town township census, 320 women in these households viewed the video and completed a survey about the video and their interest in PrEP. Results: In focus groups, young women from the township preferred local characters and messaging that was empowering, simple, and motivational. From the household survey of young women who viewed the video, most reported interest in learning more about PrEP (67.7% ‘definitely interested’ and 9.4% ‘somewhat interested’) and taking PrEP (56.4% ‘definitely interested’ and 12.5% ‘somewhat interested’). Factors significantly associated with interest in taking PrEP were having a primary partner with whom they regularly have sex (80.0% vs. 65.2% without a primary partner; adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=3.1, 95% CI: 1.3, 7.0) and being in a sexual partnership for <6 months (86.8% vs. 68.5% for >12 months; AOR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.2, 7.3). Conclusions: A positively framed PrEP demand creation video generated high interest in PrEP among young South African women, particularly among women with a primary partner and a shorter-term relationship. Registration: NCT03142256; registered on 5 May 2017.
Querela dos universais, direito e personalidade
Authors: Ikeda Walter Lucas , Zenni Alessandro Severino Vallér 
Published: March 2020

O objetivo inicial da pesquisa foi de aprofundar tema do nominalismo, suas circunstancias e contextos. Ocorre que ao longo da pesquisa, foi detectado que o tema abrangeria uma dimensão histórica muito maior, de modo que recortar essa abrangência prejudicaria a riqueza e sentido do debate que só pode ser percebido ao leigo de forma mais contextualizada.A extensão do tema na pesquisa justifica uma relativa larga bibliografia e deveras diversificadas, visto que foi tratado quase dois milênios e meio do debate. A escolha do tema foi de se perceber a importância do nominalismo na modernidade, muitas vezes indicando a figura de Guilherme de Ockham. A metodologia utilizada foi a hipotético-dedutiva, feita exclusivamente com documentos científicos tais quais dissertações de mestrado, teses de doutorado, artigos de revistas e livros, estes dois últimos, tanto de fontes nacionais como estrangeiras. A larga bibliografia também se justifica de não termos muitos trabalhos específicos ao tema, mas que costumam fazer menções, por vezes breves ao assunto.O trabalho abordará a questão dos universais desde Heráclito e Parmênides; percorrerá a idade média e chegará a Kant; Por derradeiro, será aludida a questão dos universais em Ronald Dworkin
Enhanced nanoplasmonic heating in standoff sensing of explosive residues with infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Simin Nicholas , Park Yangkyu , Lee Dongkyu , Thundat Thomas , Kim Seonghwan 
Published: March 2020

Various standoff sensing techniques employing optical spectroscopy have been developed to address challenges in safely identifying trace amounts of explosives at a distance. A flexible anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) microcantilever and a high-power quantum cascade laser utilized as the infrared (IR) source are used for standoff IR reflection-absorption spectroscopy to detect explosive residues on a metal surface. Standoff sensing of trinitrotoluene (TNT) is demonstrated by exploiting the high thermomechanical sensitivity of a bimetallic AAO microcantilever. Moreover, sputtering gold onto the fabricated AAO nanowells generates a strong scattering and absorption of IR light in the wavelength range of 5.18 µm to 5.85 µm resulting in enhanced nanoplasmonic heating. Utilizing the IR absorption enhancement in this wavelength range, the plasmonic AAO cantilever could detect TNT molecules 7 times better than could the bimetallic AAO cantilever.
Broad-bandwidth high-temporal-contrast carrier-envelope-phase-stabilized laser seed for 100  PW lasers
Authors: Shao Beijie , Li Yanyan , Peng Yujie , Wang Pengfei , Qian Junyu , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin 
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate in this Letter the generation of carrier-envelope-phase (CEP)-stabilized laser pulses at 910 nm with simultaneously high-temporal-contrast, broad spectral bandwidths and few-cycle pulse durations. Through combining the techniques of cascaded optical parametric amplification (OPA) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the laser setup, a pulse temporal contrast as high as

>

10

12

has been obtained at the laser output. During the OPA and SHG processes, both the pulse chirp and gain bandwidth are perfectly optimized, leading to the generation of 170 µJ pulses with

>

200

n
m

bandwidth and

∼

15

f
s

pulse duration. Moreover, the CEP of the laser is stabilized passively to a noise level of less than 340 mrad. This high-quality pulsed light source, as the seed laser of the deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP)-based 100 PW system, will be integrated into the Station of Extreme Light facility in the near future.
Embodied reflection – exploring creative routes to teaching reflective practice within dance training
Authors: Petsilas Phaedra , Leigh Jennifer , Brown Nicole , Blackburn Catriona 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article draws from a collaboration between Rambert School of Dance, University of Kent, University College London Institute of Education and an anthropological filmmaker. Together we took a creative and embodied approach to teaching reflective practice within a conservatoire to second-year dance students. In this article, we explore where this somatically inspired pedagogy sits within dance training. We discuss the nature of reflection for dance training, and in particular consider embodied reflective practice. Finally we offer effective methodologies for drawing out and capturing embodied practice.
A pesquisa em sala de aula como prática pedagógica emergente para a qualidade do ensino superior
Authors: Reschke Maria Janine Dalpiaz , Garcia Juliana Bittencourt 
Published: March 2020

Este estudo objetivou compreender como docentes, que se envolvem no projeto “Mostra de Pesquisa em Sala de Aula”, em uma universidade comunitária no sul do Brasil, buscam estratégias para utilizar a investigação como princípio educativo e inovador em sala de aula. Para sua realização foi feito um levantamento das experiências apresentadas na Mostra de Pesquisa de 2010 até 2017. Para tal, foram analisados os textos apresentados com a descrição da experiência, observando o número de professores envolvidos, a natureza dos trabalhos e a participação dos estudantes. A motivação dos professores envolvidos na Mostra também foi objeto de interesse. Entre eles há os que realizam investigações de forma sistemática e contínua, pertencentes a áreas acadêmicas distintas, com reconhecida competência docente. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi estruturadas com quinze professores, através de contato on line. A análise dos dados indicam que há fatores comuns que impactam as experiências, envolvendo a qualificação do professor, o compromisso social da universidade, o ensino relacionado com cotidiano, a capacidade de aprender a ensinar na prática social. Um destaque especial revela que os saberes da pesquisa estão presentes nas representações dos docentes quando manifestam sua compreensão da qualidade no ensino de graduação, encaminhando a perspectiva da indissociabilidade como referente da educação superior.
The impact of the truck loads on the braking efficiency assessment
Authors: Šarkan Branislav , Jaśkiewicz Marek , Kiktová Monika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper deals with possibilities of assessment of braking efficiency during evaluation of braking system at technical inspection of trucks in conditions of the Slovak Republic. The braking efficiency of the vehicle is evaluated by measuring the braking forces at the roller brake tester. The magnitude of these forces also depends on the loads of the measured vehicle. The paper analyses the results of the practical tests of the braking efficiency measurement of a truck of category N3 and of a vehicle combination consisting of vehicles of category N3 and O4. The analysed vehicle combination was gradually loaded in four different ways and a special situation was the measurement of the braking efficiency of the tractor itself. The instantaneous load on each axle was recorded with portable axle weights. The braking efficiency evaluation was carried out in accordance with the valid methodology, which allows the application of the direct evaluation method, the method of linear extrapolation, the method of the reference braking forces and the indicative evaluation. A vehicle with the same braking system may be assessed as roadworthy or not roadworthy. This is due to the application of different methods of evaluating the braking efficiency and different way of loads at the loading area.
General Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Making Methods for Finding the Optimal Solution in City Logistics
Authors: Hanzl Jiří 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to familiarize the reader with the general application of MCDM methods on a specific example of City Logistics in order to find the optimal solution for operation of the territory. In its introductory part, methods used for quantitative evaluation of variant solutions are briefly described, and then the so-called Forces Decision Matrix Method (FDMM) including the determination of criteria weights using pairwise comparison of variants according to individual criteria on the specific example is applied. In the final part of the paper, the advantages and disadvantages of using this method for more complex tasks with multiple variant solutions based on the results of the practical example are evaluated and the so-called Saaty’s method based on the quantitative pair-wise comparison to partially eliminate differences in the mutual evaluation of weights and criteria is mentioned.
The Role of Affect in the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions
Authors: Pérez-Fernández Héctor , Delgado-García Juan Bautista , Martín-Cruz Natalia , Rodríguez-Escudero Ana Isabel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Advances on the study of entrepreneurial intention among students from universities motivate to further investigate the factors behind this intention. In this paper, we focus on the effect of affective traits (positive and negative) on the entrepreneurial intention antecedents proposed by Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior drawing on the arguments of affect priming. Using a sample of 597 students from Spain, we use structural equation model to test our hypotheses. Our results show that positive affective traits have a positive impact on the attitude toward entrepreneurship (ATE), perceived behavioral control of entrepreneurship (PBC), and social norms toward entrepreneurship (SN). Negative affective traits negatively influence ATE and SN, but not PBC. In addition, using a K-means clustering analysis and an analysis of variance, our study further explores how different affective personalities relate to a particular level of entrepreneurial intention. Our results contribute to understand of the psychological processes that influence entrepreneurial intention. Overall, our research contributes to the literature on affect and entrepreneurial cognition by evaluating the interaction of affect and the cognitive antecedents of entrepreneurial intention.