bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity and Profitability of Cotton-wheat Cropping System as Influenced by Complex Fertilizers
Authors: S. Brar B. , S. Dheri G. , Singh Sekhon Fatehjeet 
Published: February 2020

An experiment was conducted during 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Ludhiana, Punjab to find out the productivity and profitability of the cotton-wheat cropping system as influenced by complex fertilizers. The experiment was comprised of nine fertilizer treatments. The results demonstrated that significantly higher cotton yield and stalk yield was recorded under T9 -AP60+S15+Zn1.5 (15.3 q/ha and 50.5 q/ha respectively in 2012 and 22.2 q/ha and 55.6 respectively in 2013) which was statistically at par with T6 – DAP (P60)+S15+Zn1.5 (15.0 q/ ha and 50.4 q/ha respectively in 2012 and 22.1 q/ha and 55.4 q/ha, respectively in 2013). Similarly in wheat crop, T9 -AP60+S15+Zn1.5 gave significantly higher grain yield and straw yield (39.0 q/ha and 63.0 q/ha, respectively in 2012-13 and 45.6 q/ha and 73.6, respectively in 2013-14) which was comparable with T6 – DAP (P60)+S15+Zn1.5 (38.5 q/ ha and 62.8 q/ha respectively in 2012-13 and 44.4 q/ha and 72.4 q/ha in 2013-14) as compare to other treatments. Economic analysis indicated higher net return (₹ 8739.0) and B:C ratio (0.37) for cotton under T8- AP30+S7.5+Zn0.75 whereas T9 -AP60+S15+Zn1.5 net return (₹14417.5) and B:C ratio (1.07) for wheat as compare with other treatments.
The NF‐κB regulator IκBβ exhibits different molecular interactivity and phosphorylation status from IκBα in an IKK2‐catalysed reaction
Authors: Shoji Shisako , Hanada Kazuharu , Takahashi Masataka , Watanabe Kazuhide , Yonemochi Mayumi , Tomabechi Yuri , Shirouzu Mikako 
Published: February 2020

Activation of the nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) transcription factor, a central player in immune response regulation, is based on phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappaB alpha (IκBα) by the Inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) that triggers IκBα degradation. Although inhibitor of kappaB beta (IκBβ) is structurally similar to IκBα, its precise characteristics remain undefined. Herein, we report that the molecular interactivity of IκBβ with the kinase‐active region of IKK subunit 2 (IKK2), as well as its phosphorylation status, differs markedly from those of IκBα. A mass spectrometry analysis revealed that IκBβ phosphorylation sites are distributed in its C‐terminal region, whereas IκBα phosphorylation sites are located in the N‐terminal region. Furthermore, IKK2 phosphorylation sites in IκBβ are found in a region distinct from typical degradation signals, such as phosphodegron and proline/glutamic acid/serine/threonine‐rich sequence (PEST) motifs. Mutation of the IκBβ phosphorylation sites enhances its resistance to homeostatic proteasomal degradation. These findings contribute a novel concept in NF‐κB/IKK signalling research.
Bioinspired Prosthetic Interfaces
Authors: Li Pengju , Anwar Ali Hashina Parveen , Cheng Wen , Yang Jingyi , Tee Benjamin C. K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMechanical replacement prosthetics have advanced in both esthetics and mechanical functions, but still require progress in attaining full natural functionality via tactile feedback. Through bioinspiration of the somatosensory system, recent works in the development of materials and technologies at three critical interfaces have shown great advancements: skin‐inspired multifunctionality at the prosthetic level using flexible electronics, artificial transmission of the biosignals between the prosthesis and nervous system, and stimulation and recording of these signals with mechanically compliant, implantable neural interfaces. Herein, a systematic study of the artificial skin sensation pathways for the prosthetic interfaces is discussed together with the current state‐of‐the‐art technologies and prospective strategies to enable the complete sensory feedback loop in prosthetics through the use of biomimetic sensing platforms, artificial synapses, and neural interrogation electronics.
Billroth‐I vs Roux‐en‐Y after distal gastrectomy: A comparison of long‐term nutritional status and survival rates from a large‐scale multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kinoshita Takahiro , Honda Michitaka , Matsuki Atsushi , Enomoto Naoki , Aizawa Masaki , Nunobe Souya , Yabusaki Hiroshi , Abe Takayuki , Hiki Naoki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal standard reconstruction procedure after distal gastrectomy is controversial. No large‐scale persuasive clinical studies from long‐term perspectives on this topic have yet been conducted.Study designThis retrospective multicenter study analyzed a database of 2510 consecutive patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer who underwent distal gastrectomy followed by Billroth‐I (B‐I) or Roux‐en‐Y (R‐Y) anastomosis from 2006 to 2012. After adjusting for 30 potential confounding factors using propensity score matching, we compared the body weight loss and other nutritional status for 5 years as primary outcomes between the two groups. We also investigated surgical outcomes, endoscopic findings, and long‐term survival rates as secondary outcomes.ResultsAfter matching the inclusion criteria, 940 patients (470 in each group) were enrolled. There was no marked difference in the body weight loss and other nutritional indicators. The incidence of grade ≥3 postoperative complications (Clavien‐Dindo classification) or the incidence of gallstone formation was not markedly different between the two groups. The postoperative hospital stay after surgery was significantly longer, and the readmission rate was significantly higher in the R‐Y group than in the B‐I group. An endoscopic examination revealed no trends regarding the incidence and severity of gastritis or residual food in the remnant stomach. The 5‐year overall survival rate was 92.6% in the B‐I group and 91.8% in the R‐Y group, with no significant difference (P = .379, log‐rank test).ConclusionsRoux‐en‐Y reconstruction may be nearly equal to Billroth‐I with regard to the long‐term nutritional perspectives.
Validation of an enzyme‐linked immunoassay assay for osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, in dried blood spots
Authors: Eick Geeta N. , Madimenos Felicia C. , Cepon‐Robins Tara J. , Devlin Maureen J. , Kowal Paul , Sugiyama Lawrence S. , Snodgrass J. Josh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesInvestigating factors that contribute to bone loss and accretion across populations in remote settings is challenging, particularly where diagnostic tools are scarce. To mitigate this challenge, we describe validation of a commercial ELISA assay to measure osteocalcin, a biomarker of bone formation, from dried blood spots (DBS).MethodsWe validated the Osteocalcin Human SimpleStep ELISA kit from Abcam (ab1951214) using 158 matched plasma and DBS samples. Passing‐Bablok regression analysis assessed the relationships between plasma and DBS osteocalcin concentrations. Dilutional linearity and spike and recovery experiments determined if the DBS matrix interfered with osteocalcin measurement, and intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were calculated. Limit of detection, analyte stability, and specific forms of osteocalcin measured by the kit were also investigated.ResultsMean plasma osteocalcin value was 218.2 ng/mL (range 64.6‐618.1 ng/mL). Linear relationships existed between plasma and DBS concentrations of osteocalcin, with no apparent bias in plasma vs DBS concentrations. There was no apparent interference of the DBS matrix with measurement of osteocalcin in DBS. Intra‐assay CV for DBS was ~8%, while average inter‐assay CV was 14.8%. Limit of detection was 0.34 ng/mL. Osteocalcin concentrations were stable in DBS stored at −28°C and room temperature, but not those stored at 37°C. This ELISA kit detects total osteocalcin.ConclusionsOsteocalcin, a bone formation biomarker, can be measured from DBS. Combined with a previously validated DBS assay for TRACP‐5b, a bone resorption biomarker, these assays have the potential to help researchers disentangle the many factors contributing to bone strength.
A Multi‐action and Multi‐target RuII–PtIV Conjugate Combining Cancer‐Activated Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy to Overcome Drug Resistant Cancers
Authors: Karges Johannes , Yempala Thirumal , Tharaud Mickaël , Gibson Dan , Gasser Gilles 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPtII complexes are commonly used to treat cancer. To reduce their side effects and improve their pharmacological properties, PtIV complexes are being developed as prodrug candidates that are activated by reduction in cancer cells. Concomitantly, RuII polypyridine complexes have gained much attention as photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy due to their attractive characteristics. In this article, a novel PtIV–RuII conjugate, which combines cancer activated chemotherapy with PDT, is presented. Upon entering the cancer cell, the PtIV centre is reduced to PtII and the axial ligands including the RuII complex and phenylbutyrate are released. As each component has its individual targets, the conjugate exerts a multi‐target and multi‐action effect with (photo‐)cytotoxicity values upon irradiation up to 595 nm in the low nanomolar range in various (drug resistant) 2D monolayer cancer cells and 3D multicellular tumour spheroids.
Nanostructure Engineering by Simple Tuning of Lipid Combinations
Authors: Saw Phei Er , Xu Xiaoding , Zhang Meng , Cao Shuwen , Farokhzad Omid C. , Wu Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStructural morphology is the key parameter for efficacy of nanomedicine. To date, lipid‐based nanomaterial has been the most widely used material in nanomedicine and many other biomedical applications. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has not been an in‐depth or systematic investigation of the structure–function relationship of lipid‐based nanostructures. In this report, we investigated the formulation of novel lipid‐based nanostructures via simple tuning of lipid combinations. To prove this concept, we used a combination of various ratios of simple and common phospholipids with different chain lengths (14‐carbon chain DMPC: 6‐carbon chain DHPC) to find out whether a myriad of novel lipid nanostructures could be obtained. Interestingly, many combinations resulted in distinct lipid nanostructures. Drug encapsulation tests confirmed that they are able to load large amounts of drugs for biological application. In vivo anti‐tumor efficacy revealed that certain lipid nanostructures possessed superior tumor retardation effects.
An AIE‐Active Conjugated Polymer with High ROS‐Generation Ability and Biocompatibility for Efficient Photodynamic Therapy of Bacterial Infections
Authors: Zhou Taotao , Hu Rong , Wang Lirong , Qiu Yanping , Zhang Guiquan , Deng Qiyun , Zhang Haiyan , Yin Pingan , Situ Bo , Zhan Chunlie , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNew, biocompatible materials with favorable antibacterial activity are highly desirable. In this work, we develop a unique conjugated polymer featuring aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) for reliable bacterial eradication. Thanks to the AIE and donor‐π‐acceptor structure, this polymer shows a high reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐generation ability compared to a low‐mass model compound and the common photosensitizer Chlorin E6. Moreover, the selective binding of pathogenic microorganisms over mammalian cells was found, demonstrating its biocompatibility. The effective growth inhibition of bacteria upon polymer treatment under light irradiation was validated in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the recovery from infection after treatment with our polymer is faster than that with cefalotin. Thus, this polymer holds great promise in fighting against bacteria‐related infections in practical applications.
Palladiumkatalysierte C‐H‐Alkinylierung unaktivierter Alkene
Authors: Schreib Benedikt S. , Fadel Marlene , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEs wird über eine palladiumkatalysierte regio‐ und diastereoselektive C‐H‐Funktionalisierung mit Bromalkinen und elektronisch nicht aktivierten Olefinen berichtet. Die Picolinamid‐Gruppe ermöglicht die Bildung von 5‐ und 6‐exo‐Metallazyklen als Intermediate, die stereospezifisch monoalkinylierte Produkte in bis zu 91 % Ausbeute liefern. Die systematische Studie zeigt, dass Substrate mit einem breiten Spektrum von Substituenten an den Olefin‐ und Bromalkin‐Kupplungspartnern kompatibel sind. Chemoselektive Transformationen wurden für die erhaltenen Amide, Olefine und Alkine gezeigt.
Element–Element Bond Formation upon Oxidation and Reduction
Authors: Piesch Martin , Graßl Christian , Scheer Manfred 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe redox chemistry of [(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η2:η2‐E2)2] (E=P (1), As (2); Cp′′′=1,2,4‐tri(tert‐butyl)cyclopentadienyl) was investigated. Both compounds can be oxidized and reduced twice. That way, the monocations [(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η4:η4‐E4)][X] (E=P, X=BF4 (3 a), [FAl] (3 b); E=As, X=BF4 (4 a), [FAl] (4 b)), the dications [(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η4:η4‐E4)][TEF]2 (E=P (5), As (6)), and the monoanions [K(18‐c‐6)(dme)2][(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η4:η4‐E4)] (E=P (7), As (8)) were isolated. Further reduction of 7 leads to the dianionic complex [K(18‐c‐6)(dme)2][K(18‐c‐6)][(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η3:η3‐P4)] (9), in which the cyclo‐P4 ligand has rearranged to a chain‐like P4 ligand. Further reduction of 8 can be achieved with an excess of potassium under the formation of [K(dme)4][(Cp′′′Co)2(μ,η3:η3‐As3)] (10) and the elimination of an As1 unit. Compound 10 represents the first example of an allylic As3 ligand incorporated into a triple‐decker complex.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Alkynylation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Schreib Benedikt S. , Fadel Marlene , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed regio‐ and diastereoselective C−H functionalization with bromoalkynes and electronically unbiased olefins is reported. The picolinamide directing group enables the formation of putative 5 and 6‐exo‐metallacycles as intermediates to afford monoalkynylated products in up to 91 % yield in a stereospecific fashion. The systematic study reveals that substrates with a wide range of substituents on the olefin and bromoalkyne coupling partners are tolerated. Chemoselective transformations were demonstrated for the obtained amides, olefins, and alkynes.
Chitosan/P3HT biohybrid films as polymer matrices for the in‐situ synthesis of CdSe quantum dots. Experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Moreno‐Serna Viviana , Méndez‐López Maximiliano , Vásquez‐Espinal Alejandro , Saldías Cesar , Leiva Ángel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiohybrid nanocomposite films were obtained through a simple two‐step methodology. Films of chitosan/poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (CS/P3HT) were used as polymer matrices for the in‐situ synthesis and stabilization of CdSe quantum dots. The biohybrid materials were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The effects of the P3HT composition on the properties of the QDs in the films were analyzed. The results confirmed that CS/P3HT films provided an adequately confining matrix for the growth of CdSe QDs with a fairly uniform size and revealed that the interactions between the CdSe nanoparticles and the CS/P3HT matrix mainly involved the OH and NH2 groups. The optical band gaps of the biohybrid nanocomposite films were estimated. The results of photoluminescence revealed that a charge transfer phenomenon occurred in the polymer system. Finally, theoretical analyses suggest that the CdSe QDs would be preferentially located onto the chitosan domains.
Amyloid‐like Nanofibrillation of Metal‐Organic Complex Arrays Ruled by Their Precisely Designed Metal Sequences
Authors: Rajmohan Rajamani , Vrla Geoffrey , Ueki Hisanori , Sajna Kappamveettil , Takei Toshiaki , Ohtsu Hiroyoshi , Kawano Masaki , Vairaprakash Pothiappan , Tashiro Kentaro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembly of a series of dimetallic sequences constructed on a backbone with two successive tyrosine moieties (Fmoc‐M1‐M2‐CO2H) revealed that the resultant morphology is clearly dependent on the metal sequence, where Re‐containing sequences such as homometallic Fmoc‐Re‐Re‐CO2H specifically afforded amyloid‐like nanofibers. These findings further allowed to achieve the fibrillation of a longer metal sequence containing three different metals (Fmoc‐Rh‐Pt‐Re‐Re‐CO2H). Cyclic voltammetry of the fibrillated Fmoc‐Re‐Re‐CO2H demonstrated that the redox activity of the metal complexes in the sequence is preserved in the nanofibrous forms.
Coherent Solution‐phase Synthesis of a Germanium‐Graphitic Nanocomposite and Its Evaluation for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes: Non‐innocent Role of the Mashima Reagent
Authors: Akula Naveenkumar , Sharma Neha , Lohegaonkar Apurva , Ogale Satishchandra B. , Majumdar Moumita 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe organosilicon reagent 1,4‐bis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐1,4‐diaza‐2,5‐cyclohexadiene 2 plays the binary role of the simultaneous reduction of GeCl2.dioxane 1 dissolved in oleylamine to Ge nanocrystals and the formation of graphitic sheets under hot‐injection conditions. This colloidal synthetic route to germanium nanocrystals embedded on N‐doped graphitic nanosheets Ge/NG is free of any template or catalyst and involves easy purification techniques. The Ge/NG/C obtained after carbonization has been explored for anode performance in lithium‐ion batteries. Both Ge/NG and Ge/NG/C can be obtained on a gram scale and are bottleable under argon for months.
Designing Self‐Supported Metal‐Organic Framework Derived Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Singh Baghendra , Indra Arindam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo achieve efficient water splitting, it is essential to develop catalysts with high electrochemical performance, enhanced durability and tunable properties. Most of the transition metal‐based catalysts employed for the water splitting have been fabricated on the solid‐electrode support by using binder, which decreases the activity and durability of the catalyst system. In this respect, self‐supported metal organic framework (MOF) derived catalysts have been introduced with enhanced catalytic activity and mechanical stability for the electrochemical water splitting. The self‐supported MOF derived catalysts exhibit improved electronic conductivity, high electrochemical surface area, enhanced mechanical stability and strong catalyst‐support interaction. Moreover, these catalysts possess highly porous and hollow structure with designed morphology and multi‐metallic composition. Recently, a tremendous effort has been provided to explore this newly growing field and new dimensions and directions have been achieved. Looking at this point, we have described here the basic principles of catalyst design from self‐supported MOF, structural and interface engineering by controlling the electronic structure of the catalysts to improve the water splitting activity. In addition, the challenges and difficulties associated with this field have been pointed out and addressed for the future progress in this field.
Copper‐Free Huisgen Cycloaddition for the 14‐3‐3‐Templated Synthesis of Fusicoccin‐Peptide Conjugates
Authors: Masuda Ryoma , Kawasaki Yuuya , Igawa Kazunobu , Manabe Yoshiyuki , Fujii Hiroshi , Kato Nobuo , Tomooka Katsuhiko , Ohkanda Junko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMid‐sized molecules have emerged as an attractive chemical space and potentially provide a robust basis for the development of synthetic agents to control intracellular protein interactions. However, the limited cell permeability and chemical tractability of such agents remain to be addressed. We envisioned that target‐templated synthesis of such mid‐sized molecules might provide a solution. Here, we exploited a copper‐free Huisgen cycloaddition for template synthesis using a peptide fragment containing a 4,8‐diazacyclononyne (DACN) moiety and an azide‐containing fusicoccin derivative in the presence or absence of recombinant 14‐3‐3ζ protein in vitro. Time‐course changes in the yield of products demonstrated that the reaction was accelerated in the presence of 14‐3‐3 and one of the regioisomers was generated predominantly, supporting the template effect.
Water reuse versus water conveyance for supply augmentation: Cost and carbon footprint
Authors: Chamberlain Jim F. , Tromble Evan , Graves Michael , Sabatini David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWater‐stressed communities are beginning to consider alternative sources of water supply augmentation. We provide a comparison of water conveyance and potable water reuse over a range of water demands. On a unit basis (US$/1,000 gal) and under current practice, water reuse is generally less costly at low flow rates (<10 mgd) as compared with water conveyances of 20 miles or more. This is true especially for advanced water treatment schemes that are based on biologically activated carbon (BAC). At greater distances (>100 miles), treatment schemes that are based on reverse osmosis (RO) also become cost competitive. Similarly, both BAC‐based and RO‐based reuse schemes have a lower or comparable carbon footprint on a unit basis (g CO2‐equiv/1,000 gal) for a flow rate of 20 mgd. In spite of public reluctance, managers would do well to consider reuse in their portfolio of water supply options.
Population pharmacokinetics of high‐dose methotrexate in Chinese pediatric patients with medulloblastoma
Authors: Shi Zheng‐yuan , Liu Ya‐ou , Gu Hong‐yan , Xu Xi‐qiao , Yan Can , Yang Xin‐yu , Yan Dan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMethotrexate (MTX) pharmacokinetics has substantial inter‐individual variability and toxicity. In children with medulloblastoma treated with high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX), the pharmacokinetic properties of methotrexate have not been established. A total of 660 serum samples from 105 pediatric patients with medulloblastoma were included in a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis of methotrexate by using the nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling method. The basic one‐compartment population pharmacokinetic model was established by NONMEM software and the first‐order conditional estimation (FOCE) method, and the final covariate model was obtained by the stepwise regression method. Weight (WT), creatinine clearance (CrCL), and whether the treatment was combined with dexamethasone (DEX) were covariates that had significant effects on the clearance rate (CL) of the model. The pharmacokinetic equation of CL in the final covariate model was as follows: CLi = 9.23× (1 + 0.0005× (θCrCL‐105.78)) × (1 + 0.0017× (θWT‐16)) × eηcl,i (L/h), IF (θDEX) CLi = 1.19× CLi (L/h). The estimation accuracy of all pharmacokinetic parameters were acceptable (relative standard error < 14.74%). The goodness‐of‐fit diagram and bootstrap tests indicated that the final PPK model was stable with acceptable predictive ability. The PPK model may be useful for determining personalized medication levels in pediatric medulloblastoma patients undergoing HD‐MTX therapy.