bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Rich is Too Rich? Measuring the Riches Line
Authors: Robeyns Ingrid , Buskens Vincent , van de Rijt Arnout , Vergeldt Nina , van der Lippe Tanja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIs it possible to identify a ‘riches line’, distinguishing the ‘rich’ from the ‘super-rich’? Recent work in political philosophy suggests that this istheoreticallypossible. This study examines for the first time theempiricalplausibility of a riches line, based on novel data collected from a representative sample of the Dutch population. The data reveal that the Dutch indeed draw such a line, namely between 1 and 3 million euros. Strikingly, respondents agree on its approximate location irrespective of their own income and education. Although most do not consider extreme wealth itself a severe problem and object to the government’s enforcement of limits to wealth and income, widespread support exists for increased taxation of the super-rich if that would improve the quality of life of the most vulnerable members of society.
Urban open spaces from a dispersal perspective: lessons from an individual-based model approach to assess the effects of landscape patterns on the viability of wildlife populations
Authors: Penteado Homero Marconi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGreen areas drawn on a city plan represent open spaces that have different meanings for humans and wildlife. Diverse kinds of green may influence species viability in urban environments. It is necessary to understand what those areas mean for wildlife populations and how land-use changes affect habitats and movements for making scientifically defensible planning and design decisions. My objective was to demonstrate how open space and urban development patterns affect the viability of wildlife populations in urbanizing landscapes from a movements perspective. Eight scenarios for 2060 for an urbanizing area near Portland, Oregon combined four open space (none, corridors, parks, and network) with two urban development patterns (compact and dispersed). Dispersal model HexSim simulated three target species – Red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora), Western meadowlark (Sturnella neclecta) and Douglas squirrel (Tamasciurus douglasii) – movements on those scenarios to compare and contrast sustained populations to the ca. 2010 baseline landscape. Network scenarios presented the largest number of frog breeders. Greenway scenarios showed the largest populations of squirrels. Park and network scenarios sustained viable populations of meadowlarks, but park scenarios performed best. Compact development scenarios performed best for most indicators, while dispersed development scenarios performed better for meadowlarks. Network scenarios performed best when considering the collective of species. Networks presented more diverse habitats, sustaining higher diversity of species. For plans to sustain more species, more comprehensive and diverse habitats must be promoted, otherwise trade-offs should be expected – like the extinction of meadowlarks in greenway scenarios.
A dynamical model for the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical oscillatory activity and its implications in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Navarro-López Eva M. , Çelikok Utku , Şengör Neslihan S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe propose to investigate brain electrophysiological alterations associated with Parkinson’s disease through a novel adaptive dynamical model of the network of the basal ganglia, the cortex and the thalamus. The model uniquely unifies the influence of dopamine in the regulation of the activity of all basal ganglia nuclei, the self-organised neuronal interdependent activity of basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits and the generation of subcortical background oscillations. Variations in the amount of dopamine produced in the neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta are key both in the onset of Parkinson’s disease and in the basal ganglia action selection. We model these dopamine-induced relationships, and Parkinsonian states are interpreted as spontaneous emergent behaviours associated with different rhythms of oscillatory activity patterns of the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical network. These results are significant because: (1) the neural populations are built upon single-neuron models that have been robustly designed to have eletrophysiologically-realistic responses, and (2) our model distinctively links changes in the oscillatory activity in subcortical structures, dopamine levels in the basal ganglia and pathological synchronisation neuronal patterns compatible with Parkinsonian states, this still remains an open problem and is crucial to better understand the progression of the disease.
A financial market with singular drift and no arbitrage
Authors: Agram Nacira , Øksendal Bernt 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study a financial market where the risky asset is modelled by a geometric Itô-Lévy process, with a singular drift term. This can for example model a situation where the asset price is partially controlled by a company which intervenes when the price is reaching a certain lower barrier. See e.g. Jarrow and Protter (J Bank Finan 29:2803–2820, 2005) for an explanation and discussion of this model in the Brownian motion case. As already pointed out by Karatzas and Shreve (Methods of Mathematical Finance, Springer, Berlin, 1998) (in the continuous setting), this allows for arbitrages in the market. However, the situation in the case of jumps is not clear. Moreover, it is not clear what happens if there is a delay in the system. In this paper we consider a jump diffusion market model with a singular drift term modelled as the local time of a given process, and with a delay $$\theta > 0$$

θ
>
0

in the information flow available for the trader. We allow the stock price dynamics to depend on both a continuous process (Brownian motion) and a jump process (Poisson random measure). We believe that jumps and delays are essential in order to get more realistic financial market models. Using white noise calculus we compute explicitly the optimal consumption rate and portfolio in this case and we show that the maximal value is finite as long as $$\theta > 0$$

θ
>
0

. This implies that there is no arbitrage in the market in that case. However, when $$\theta $$
θ
goes to 0, the value goes to infinity. This is in agreement with the above result that is an arbitrage when there is no delay. Our model is also relevant for high frequency trading issues. This is because high frequency trading often leads to intensive trading taking place on close to infinitesimal lengths of time, which in the limit corresponds to trading on time sets of measure 0. This may in turn lead to a singular drift in the pricing dynamics. See e.g. Lachapelle et al. (Math Finan Econom 10(3):223–262, 2016) and the references therein.
Thermodynamic Assessment of Liquid Fe-Ni-C Alloy Using Modified Quasichemical Model
Authors: Paek Min-Kyu , Jeon Junmo , Paliwal Manas , Biswas Arijit , Lindberg Daniel , Pak Jong-Jin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe liquid solution properties in the Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-C systems have been thermodynamically assessed using the modified quasichemical model in the pair approximation. The asymmetry of the Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-C alloy melts was verified by measuring the melting points of Fe-Ni binary alloys on the Ni-rich side, and the C solubility limit in Fe-Ni melt over the entire concentration range at 1500°C and 1600°C.
The solubility minimum of C and the maximum partial enthalpy of mixing of C in the ternary Fe-Ni-C system occurred at near the maximum short-range ordering composition of the binary Fe-Ni liquid solution. The extrema of the partial properties of C in the ternary Fe-Ni-C system were successfully reproduced with only one constant adjustable ternary parameter.
Fatal poisoning by ingestion of a self-prepared oleander leaf infusion
Authors: Carfora Anna , Petrella Raffaella , Borriello Renata , Aventaggiato Lucia , Gagliano-Candela Roberto , Campobasso Carlo Pietro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn unusual case of poisoning by the ingestion of oleander leaves is reported. A 71 year old male laboratory technician committed suicide at home in this unusual manner. At the death scene a steel pan and other paraphernalia, used for the extraction of oleandrin and other cardiac glycosides from the leaves of the Nerium oleander plant were found.Toxicological investigations for oleandrin, oleandrigenin, neritaloside, and odoroside were performed by LC–MS/MS on all biological samples (peripheral blood, vitreous humor, urine, liver, gastric contents) and on the yellow infusion found at the death scene.In all samples, toxic levels of oleandrin were detected (blood 37.5 ng/mL, vitreous humor 12.6 ng/mL, urine 83.8 ng/mL, liver 205 ng/mg, gastric content 31.2 µg/mL, infusion 38.5 µg/mL). Qualitative results for oleandrigenin, neritaloside, and odoroside were obtained. Oleandrigenin was present in all tissue samples whereas neritaloside and odoroside were absent in the blood and vitreous humor but present in urine, liver, gastric content, and in the leaf brew.The purpose of this study was the identification of oleandrin and its congener oleandrigenin, detected in the vitreous humor. The blood/vitreous humor ratio was also calculated in order to assess of the likely time interval from ingestion to death. According to the toxicological results death was attributed to fatal arrhythmia due to oleander intoxication. The manner of death was classified as suicide through the ingestion of the infusion.
RNA-basierte Kontrollmechanismen der Yersinia-Virulenz
Authors: Stolle Anne-Sophie , Volk Marcel , Benz Inga , Salto Ileana , Dersch Petra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnteropathogenic Yersiniae evolved a plethora of virulence traits which allow them to colonize the intestine and gut-associated lymphatic tissues of mammals. In these host niches they have to tightly adjust the expression of required pathogenicity factors to resist attacks by the host immune system. Here, we present how enteric Yersiniae use intricate control networks which include numerous regulatory and sensory RNAs, RNA-binding proteins and RNases to control their virulence attributes.
Hochaufgelöste Visualisierung einzelner Moleküle auf ganzen Zellen
Authors: Schlegel Jan , Sauer Markus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiological systems are dynamic and three-dimensional but many techniques allow only static and two-dimensional observation of cells. We used three-dimensional (3D) lattice light-sheet single-molecule localization microscopy (dSTORM) to investigate the complex interactions and distribution of single molecules in the plasma membrane of whole cells. Different receptor densities of the adhesion receptor CD56 at different parts of the cell highlight the importance and need of three-dimensional observation and analysis techniques.
The mysterious feeding ecology of leptocephali: a unique strategy of consuming marine snow materials
Authors: Tsukamoto Katsumi , Miller Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLeptocephalus larvae have transparent bodies with tubular intestines that usually lack identifiable food items when they are collected, so mystery has surrounded efforts to determine what they feed on. Artificially spawned and reared first-feeding larvae were found to be highly selective in what they would eat, but they would consume rotifers and eventually ate specially formulated diets that contained shark egg yolk. Gut content studies on wild-caught leptocephali in the Atlantic and Pacific observed marine snow-associated materials such as discarded appendicularian houses, zooplankton fecal pellets, protists, and amorphous materials, and DNA sequencing indicated that the gut contents contain materials originating from a wide range of microorganisms and food web zooplankton species that were likely consumed in marine snow. Isotopic studies found a low trophic position of leptocephali and inter-taxa and geographic signature differences. Behavioral studies with leptocephali and the characteristics and size-scaling of the teeth are also consistent with feeding on marine snow-related particles. The feeding strategy of leptocephali appears to be based on consuming types of marine snow that contain nutritious and easily assimilated carbohydrates, fatty acids, and other materials that facilitate rapid conversion to glycosaminoglycans and tissues for energy storage and growth.
Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) in a patient with HIV infection
Authors: Kanaki T. , Hadaschik E. , Esser S. , Sammet Stefanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEosinophilic pustular folliculitis is a chronic, recurrent dermatosis, of unknown etiology, which is histologically characterized by folliculotropic inflammatory infiltrates with admixed eosinophils in the dermis. It has often presented with immunosuppression and especially with HIV-Infection. In the HAART-era, eosinophilic pustular folliculitis has become a rarity. It is often being misdiagnosed as acne vulgaris, rosacea, bacterial folliculitis, dermatomycosis and seborrheic dermatitis. The treatment of this disease may be difficult.
A low-firing melilite ceramic Ba2CuGe2O7 and compositional modulation on microwave dielectric properties through Mg substitution
Authors: Yin Changzhi , Yu Zezong , Shu Longlong , Liu Laijun , Chen Yan , Li Chunchun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA melilite Ba2CuGe2O7 ceramic was characterized by low sintering temperature and moderate microwave dielectric properties. Sintered at 960 °C, the Ba2CuGe2O7 ceramic had a high relative density 97%, a low relative permittivity (εr) 9.43, a quality factor (Q×f) of 20,000 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τf) −76 ppm/°C. To get a deep understanding of the relationship between composition, structure, and dielectric performances, magnesium substitution for copper in Ba2CuGe2O7 was conducted. Influences of magnesium doping on the sintering behavior, crystal structure, and microwave dielectric properties were studied. Mg doping in Ba2CuGe2O7 caused negligible changes in the macroscopic crystal structure, grain morphology, and size distribution, while induced visible variation in the local structure as revealed by Raman analysis. Microwave dielectric properties exhibit a remarkable dependence on composition. On increasing the magnesium content, the relative permittivity featured a continuous decrease, while both the quality factor and the temperature coefficient of resonance frequency increased monotonously. Such variations in dielectric performances were clarified in terms of the polarizability, packing fraction, and band valence theory.
A fast automatic identification method for seismic belts based on Delaunay triangulation
Authors: Yan Wei , Wen Xueze , He Changrong , Liu Guiping , Li Zirui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEarthquake prediction practice and a large number of earthquake cases show that there may be abnormal images of small earthquake belts near the epicenter before strong earthquakes occur. For a static small earthquakes spatial distribution, due to the complexity of exhaustive algorithm, the fast automatic identification method of seismic belts has not yet been realized. Visual identification is still the main method of seismic belt discrimination. Based on the Delaunay triangulation, this paper presents a fast automatic identification method of seismic belts. The effectiveness of this method is proved by a 1000 random points test and an actual example of the 4-magnitude belts before the 2005 Jiujiang M5.7 Earthquake. The results show that: (1) Using Delaunay triangulation method, we can fast get the spatial relationship between two neighboring points; (2) using the two neighboring relationships, it can automatically extend to cluster, which carries the key information of seismic belt; (3) using the technology of minimum enclosing rectangle (MER) for the identified cluster, we can get the shape and structural information of the MER, which can be called the “suspect seismic belt”; (4) after using the other restrictions to sort and filter the suspect seismic belt, we complete the identification of seismic belt; (5) the random and actual earthquakes trial calculation shows that the Delaunay triangulation method can realize a fast automatic identification of seismic belts; and (6) this automatic identification method may provide a research basis for earthquake prediction.
Clinical profile & management of children with seizures presenting to pediatric emergency department: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abbasi Ayesha , Kazi Ghazala , Siddiqui Saman , Siddiqi Yumna 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Seizures are one of the most common presentation in children requiring urgent care in Emergency Departments. This study was conducted to determine the clinical profile, management and spectrum of patients presenting to Emergency department in a low middle income country.

Methods:
This was an observational cross-sectional study carried out in tertiary care hospital. Data was collected on a predesigned questionnaire from June 2018–May 2019. Qualitative variables like gender and type of seizure were expressed as percentages and frequencies. Quantitative variables like age, levels of sodium, potassium and calcium were expressed as median, interquartile ranges and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was used.

Results:
The prevalence of seizures amongst children presenting to pediatric emergency room was found to be 9.36 per 1000 children. A total of 186 patients presented to pediatric emergency department with seizures. There were 58.1% boys and 41.9% females. The median age of children presented with seizure was 26 months. The most common type of seizure noticed by eye witness were grandmal 95 (51.1%), simple partial 6 (3.3%), complex 1 (0.5%). Hyponatremia was the most commonly reported abnormality 54.2%. Febrile Convulsion were reported in 46.8%, 24.7% were known epileptic, 9.1% had an infective source, 5.4% metabolic & 2.7% had afebrile seizures.

Conclusion:
Seizure was one of the commonest neurological condition occurring predominantly in males. Febrile seizures usually do not require hospitalization. Emergency Department care was needed in majority of children and 45.7% were discharged directly from Emergency Room.

Highlights:
Source-bordering aeolian dune formation along the Scheldt River (southern Netherlands – northern Belgium) was caused by Younger Dryas cooling, high river gradient and southwesterly summer winds
Authors: Kasse Cornelis , Woolderink Hessel A.G. , Kloos Marjan E. , Hoek Wim Z. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Younger Dryas cold period caused major changes in vegetation and depositional environments. This study focuses on the aeolian river-connected dunes along the former, Weichselian Late Glacial, course of the Scheldt River in the southern Netherlands. Aeolian dunes along the Scheldt have received little attention, as they are partly covered by Holocene peat and marine deposits. The spatial distribution of the dunes is reconstructed by digital elevation model analysis and coring transects. Dunes are present on the high eastern bank of the Scheldt and in the subsurface of the polder area west of the Brabantse Wal escarpment. A reach-specific higher channel gradient probably caused a channel pattern change from meandering to braiding during the Younger Dryas. This enabled deflation from the braid plain and accumulation in source-bordering river dunes east of the incised and terraced, subsurface Late Pleistocene Scheldt valley. The age of the dune formation is established by pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating of underlying and overlying peat beds. The peat layer below the dune at Zomerbaan is attributed to the Allerød and early Younger Dryas periods. Dune formation occurred predominantly during the second part of the Younger Dryas stadial, both on and in front (west) of the Brabantse Wal escarpment. Wind direction was reconstructed by geomorphic analysis and sedimentary structures on lacquer peels. A southwesterly wind direction is demonstrated by the parabolic dune morphology. For the first time, Younger Dryas wind direction is reconstructed based on adhesion ripple cross-laminated sets on lacquer peels. Sand-transporting south-southwesterly winds were dominant during the Younger Dryas, most likely during summer.
Inequality: Do Not Disperse
Authors: O'Brien David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany egalitarians incorporate a concern for interpersonal welfare inequality as part of their favored axiology – that is, they take it to be a bad-making feature of outcomes. It is natural to think that, if inequality is in this sense a bad, it is an impersonal bad (one that makes an outcome worse, while not in itself being worse for any person). This natural thought has been challenged. Some writers claim that egalitarian judgments can be accommodated by adopting an expanded view of a person's good, according to which being worse off than others is one of the factors that, in itself, makes one's life go worse. The putatively impersonal bad of inequality is thereby “dispersed” among individuals. I argue that this dispersion strategy fails. In a slogan: if you care about inequality, do not disperse it.
Evolution of Late Paleozoic Magmatic Arc in the Yili Block, NW China: Implications for Oroclinal Bending in the Western Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Wang Xiangsong , Cai Keda , Sun Min , Zhao Guochun , Xiao Wenjiao , Xia Xiaoping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSubduction transformation (advancing vs. retreating) may be manifested by compositional variations of arc magmas and may result in oroclinal bending. Identifying relevant chemical and physical processes is crucial for understanding accretionary orogenesis and continental crustal evolution. The Northern Yili Block (NYB) was situated on an active margin associated with subduction of the Junggar Ocean (part of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean) and underwent perplexing accretionary orogenesis in late Paleozoic. Two episodes of subduction‐related granitoid magmatism have been identified, the first in the Late Devonian (374–369 Ma) and the second in the Late Carboniferous (ca. 304 Ma). These two episodes of granitoid magmatism exhibit contrasting features; for example, the first episode shows low εNd(t) (−6 to −2) and εHf(t) (−12 to +3) values, while the second episode displays relatively higher values (−2 to +7 and 0 to +20, respectively), suggesting increase contribution of juvenile components in the magma sources. The calculated zircon saturation temperatures are mostly <800°C for the first episode but increased to >800°C for the second episode. The (La/Yb)N ratios of the two‐episode granitoids vary from 2–17 to 1–9, indicative of the NYB crustal thinning in the Late Carboniferous. In addition, the migrations of the magmatic arc and trench in the NYB took place coevally in the Late Carboniferous and were accompanied by development of an accretionary complex and an immature back‐arc basin. We interpret that the arc magmatic variations and migrations reflect geodynamic transition from the Late Devonian advancing subduction to the Late Carboniferous retreating subduction. The retreating subduction of the Junggar oceanic plate possibly resulted in prominent oroclinal bending of the southern Kazakhstan collage system in the Late Carboniferous.