bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satisfacción de los pacientes y los familiares con los servicios psiquiátricos en un área grande de captación en Roma
Authors: Gigantesco A. , Picardi A. , Chiaia E. , Balbi A. , Morosini P. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenObjetivo:Evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes y sus familiares con la asistencia psiquiátrica e identificar las variables asociadas con cualquier insatisfacción.Métodos:El estudio se realizó en un área de captación psiquiátrica definida en el sur de Roma, Italia. Se pidió que participaran a todos los pacientes y familiares elegibles que tuvieron contactos con los servicios durante un período predefinido. La satisfacción con los servicios psiquiátricos se midió con un cuestionario validado previamente.Resultados:Se pidió que participaran en el estudio a un total de 890 pacientes y 855 (96%) aceptaron. Además, se solicitó la participación de 270 familiares y 265 (98%) accedieron. La satisfacción con los servicios expresada por los pacientes ambulatorios y sus familiares fue bastante buena, con la excepción de la poca satisfacción con la información sobre el tratamiento y la implicación en el programa de tratamiento. La satisfacción de los pacientes hospitalizados y sus familiares era significativamente más baja, apareciendo la cuestión de la información proporcionada por el personal como particularmente crítica. Entre los pacientes, las variables asociadas con la insatisfacción eran estar hospitalizado, tener un diagnóstico de psicosis, estar en contacto con los servicios desde hace más de 6 años y ser soltero. Entre los familiares, ser mujer y ser familiar de un paciente ingresado se asociaban con la insatisfacción. Tanto para los pacientes como para los familiares, recibir asistencia hospitalaria era el predictor más fuerte de insatisfacción.Conclusiones:Los resultados indican que es necesario mejorar la asistencia hospitalaria, especialmente para los pacientes psicóticos, y que se debería dedicar especial atención a informar adecuadamente y a comprometer en el tratamiento tanto a los pacientes como a sus familiares. La falta de información parece ser un determinante crucial de la insatisfacción con la asistencia psiquiátrica, tanto entre los pacientes como entre sus familiares.
Nuevos aspectos en el tratamiento de la dependencia de la heroína con referencia especial a los aspectos neurobiológicos
Authors: Ladewig D. , Dürsteler-MacFarland K. M. , Seifritz E. , Hock C. , Stohler R. 
Published: May 2020

ResumenLos ensayos suizos sobre la prescripción médica de diacetilmorfina inyectable (heroína farmacéutica) para la dependencia “grave” de la heroína provocaron comentarios muy polémicos. A pesar de las limitaciones metodológicas, la evaluación de los ensayos de heroína suizos produjo algunos hallazgos interesantes. Los participantes en el estudio mostraron mejorías sustanciales en la salud y el bienestar y disminuciones sensibles en el uso de drogas ilegales y actividades delictivas. Así, la prescripción de heroína puede ser útil para algunos de los que continúan utilizando regularmente heroína ilegal mientras están en mantenimiento con metadona o rechazan otras opciones de tratamiento disponibles. Sin embargo, los datos basados en la investigación indican que la aplicación intravenosa (IV) de heroína bajo supervisión médica puede tener efectos secundarios adversos. Estudios recientes han mostrado que las inyecciones de heroína producen disminuciones pasajeras pero significativas en la oxigenación sistémica y cortical, muy probablemente secundarias a la depresión respiratoria. Estos efectos, entre otros, son objeto de estudios en curso.
Factores de riesgo de la depresión mayor en los ancianos
Authors: Heun Reinhard , Hein Sandra 
Published: May 2020

ResumenAntecedentes.Se ha identificado varios factores de riesgo de la depresión en estudios retrospectivos así como en algunos prospectivos en ancianos. Se necesita confirmación en muestras independientes. El presente estudio de seguimiento investigó prospectivamente los factores de riesgo de la depresión en una muestra alemana de ancianos.Métodos.Se estudió de nuevo a 1.431 sujetos procedentes de un estudio familiar después de 4,7 ± 2,5 años. Se utilizaron análisis de regresión logística hacia delante bivariantes y multivariantes para identificar los factores de riesgo del desarrollo de una nueva depresión en los ancianos.Resultados.Los factores de riesgo de un nuevo episodio depresivo en 1.408 ancianos sin depresión actual fueron la edad, el género femenino, una depresión anterior, el deterioro subjetivo de la memoria, la ansiedad previa y los trastornos somatomorfos. La presencia de demencia o deterioro cognitivo leve fue un factor de riesgo significativo en el análisis bivariante, pero no en el multivariante, controlando las posibles variables de confusión. Los factores de riesgo de un primer episodio depresivo geriátrico fueron la edad, el género y el deterioro subjetivo de la memoria; la edad fue el único factor de riesgo significativo en el análisis multivariante.Conclusiones.Esta investigatión confirma estudios anteriores de otros países referentes a la pertinencia de los factores de riesgo para la depresión en los ancianos. El conocimiento de los factores de riesgo podría ayudar a identificar a los sujetos con aumento del riesgo de depresión para enfoques de interventión temprana. Los ancianos con antecedentes de depresión tienen el riesgo más alto.
Increasing Escape of Oxygen From Oceans Under Climate Change
Authors: Li Changyu , Huang Jianping , Ding Lei , Liu Xiaoyue , Yu Haipeng , Huang Jiping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe global oxygen cycle is one of the most important cycles on Earth for all aerobic organisms, and it is a basic constraint sustaining aerobic life. As a major component of the cycle, oceans are now experiencing widespread declines in oxygen concentrations. Here, based on model simulations we found that ocean deoxygenation occurs as a result of oceanic oxygen outgassing, which is tightly related with the marine warming. Although the O2flux from the ocean to atmosphere is quite small compared with that of oceanic oxygen production, this outgassing accounts for almost all of the decline in marine oxygen and even exceeds the amount of the loss. The model projections indicate accelerated oxygen escape from the ocean under climate change. The oceanic outgassing will increase from 1.6 to 4.3 Gt/yr over the 21st century due to solubility and circulation changes related with warming, which may eventually lead to a more hypoxic ocean in the future.
The Northern Terminus of Cascadia Subduction
Authors: Savard G. , Bostock M. G. , Hutchinson J. , Kao H. , Christensen N. I. , Peacock S. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Juan de Fuca (JDF) plate system is pivoting and breaking apart as a result of resistance to subduction. At the northern end, the Explorer (EXP) plate moves independently of the JDF plate along the Nootka Fault Zone (NFZ), which forms an unstable triple junction with the JDF ridge and the Sovanco Fracture Zone. We trace the subsurface extension of the NFZ using tomography by combining results from a new nearshore study with a previous ocean‐bottom study and other geophysical constraints. Cross sections from the offshore NFZ through central Vancouver Island suggest a strong fold in the subducting lithosphere (∼40°). Near the deformation front, the NFZ is defined by microseismicity that extends into oceanic mantle with low VP/VS (<1.7) values. This anomaly extends to the NE below the continental shelf with a more northerly trajectory than common NFZ depictions through the seismicity concentration off Nootka Island. Tremor locations and receiver functions indicate that this more northerly trajectory persists across Vancouver Island. We propose a revised tectonic evolution for the NFZ that leads to (i) an EXP microplate confined to shallow depths below the convergent margin and which underthrusts North America no farther landward than Brooks Peninsula and (ii) a northern edge of Cascadia subduction that cuts between Brooks Peninsula and Nootka Island. The plate fold offshore Nootka Island and abundant seismicity there and at Brooks Peninsula are ascribed to stress concentrations on either side of the NFZ associated with deformation at the edges of more competent JDF, EXP, and North American plates.
A Numerical Model to Estimate the Effects of Variable Sedimentation Rates on Methane Hydrate Formation—Application to the ODP Site 997 on Blake Ridge, Southeastern North American Continental Margin
Authors: Zheng Zihan , Cao Yuncheng , Xu Wenyue , Chen Duofu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSedimentation and burial rate can vary considerably at continental slopes, due to constantly changing tectonic processes on the geological timescale. This variation may affect the transport of methane in sediment, as manifested in the change of pore water flux, methanogenesis, methane diffusion and hydrate removal from hydrate stability zone (HSZ) and further affect the accumulation of hydrate in submarine sediments. Most of previous models assumed a constant sedimentation rate and thus may result in inaccurate estimates of total amount of hydrate within the HSZ. In this study, we developed a hydrate accumulation model that is capable of handling multiple sedimentation stages. Site 997 of ODP Leg 164, with data indicating its recent history of four sedimentation stages of different rates, is chosen to investigate the significance of sedimentation rate variation experienced at this location. We examined the effect of varying sedimentation rates on hydrate accumulation by taking in consideration sediment compaction, in situ methanogenesis, and composition and component transport processes. Simulation results suggest that the history of hydrate accumulation at Site 997 is characterized by a sequence of increase, decrease, and then increase till the present day. At present, the hydrate deposit has accumulated to 8.30 × 104 mol/m2, and the average hydrate saturation near the base of the HSZ is 6.3%, which is in general agreement with published estimates in the literature. The accumulation of hydrate at Site 997 was significantly affected by variable sedimentation rates, and nearly one half of the hydrate deposit was accumulated during the last 2.5 Myr.
Comparison of the Atmospheric and Oceanic Boundary Layers During Convection and their Latitudinal Dependence
Authors: Choi Yeonju , Noh Yign 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe boundary layers of the atmosphere and the ocean are compared during convection, and their latitudinal dependence is investigated. The results are applied to examine the parameterization of the boundary layer depth in the K‐profile parameterization (KPP) model. The bulk Richardson number Rib varies excessively with time in the high‐latitude (HL) oceanic boundary layer (OBL) without unresolved shear
, as a result of inertial oscillation. Inclusion of
is also necessary in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) to mitigate the large variation of Rib with wind stress. Stratification and velocity shear near the boundary layer height/depth are stronger and thicker at low latitudes (LLs), where the Ekman length scale is larger and the inertial time scale is longer. This enhanced shear makes the entrainment buoyancy flux larger at LL. Analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget in the entrainment zone is carried out to explain the variation of Rib depending on the boundary layer and the latitude. This analysis shows that the TKE production in the entrainment zone is dominated by shear production at LL, but by the TKE flux at HL, and that
represents the contribution from the TKE flux to the entrainment zone. The enhancement of vertical TKE by Langmuir circulation (LC) does not depend on the latitude, but it decreases with depth faster at LL. The result suggests that the parameterization of the boundary layer depth in the KPP model should be different depending on whether it is the ABL or the OBL and depending on the latitude.
FIO‐ESM Version 2.0: Model Description and Evaluation
Authors: Bao Ying , Song Zhenya , Qiao Fangli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model (FIO‐ESM) version 2.0 was developed and participated in the Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). In comparison with FIO‐ESM v1.0, all component models of FIO‐ESM v2.0 are updated, and their resolutions are fined. In addition to the non‐breaking surface wave‐induced mixing (Bv), which has also been included in FIO‐ESM v1.0, there are three more distinctive physical processes in FIO‐ESM v2.0, including the effect of surface wave Stokes drifts on air–sea momentum and heat fluxes, the effect of wave‐induced sea spray on air–sea heat fluxes and the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) diurnal cycle on air–sea heat and gas fluxes. The FIO‐ESM v2.0 has conducted the CMIP6 Diagnostic, Evaluation, and Characterization of Klima (DECK) and historical experiments. The historical simulation of FIO‐ESM v2.0 for 1850–2014 is evaluated, including the surface air temperature (SAT), precipitation, SST, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and so forth. The climate changes with respect to SAT and SST global warming and decreasing AMOC are well reproduced by FIO‐ESM v2.0. The correlation coefficient of the global annual mean SAT anomaly can reach 0.92 with observations. In particular, the large warm SST bias at the east coast of tropical Pacific from FIO‐ESM v1.0, which is a common challenge for all climate models, is dramatically reduced in FIO‐ESM v2.0 and the ENSO period within the range of 2–7 years is well reproduced with the largest variation of SST anomalies occurring in boreal winter, which is consistent with observations.
Bathymetry‐Constrained Navigation of Argo Floats Under Sea Ice on the Antarctic Continental Shelf
Authors: Wallace L. O. , van Wijk E. M. , Rintoul S. R. , Hally B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAntarctic continental shelf waters are poorly sampled, particularly beneath sea ice during winter. Profiling floats could help fill this gap, but floats are unable to surface to obtain a satellite position when ice is present. We deployed Argo profiling floats in a coastal polynya with a novel mission to rest on the sea floor between profiles. “Parking” on the seabed minimized the drift of the floats and allowed year‐round, full‐depth measurements over multiple winters. Measurements of water depth derived from the floats were used in combination with known bathymetry to constrain the position of profiles collected under ice. Errors were quantified by withholding known positions and comparing them to estimated positions; the bathymetrically constrained algorithm outperformed linear interpolation. A similar approach could potentially be used to geolocate other under‐ice oceanographic platforms that measure water depth.
Concurrent or layered treatment with radium-223 and enzalutamide or abiraterone/prednisone: real-world clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Shore Neal , Higano Celestia S. , George Daniel J. , Sternberg Cora N. , Saad Fred , Tombal Bertrand , Miller Kurt , Kalinovsky Jan , Jiao XiaoLong , Tangirala Krishna , Sartor Oliver 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
In this study, we evaluated real-world data on radium-223 plus abiraterone/prednisone or enzalutamide. Previously, the ERA 223 trial (NCT02043678) demonstrated increased fracture risk with concurrent treatment with radium-223 and abiraterone plus prednisone/prednisolone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods
We used the Flatiron Health database to perform a retrospective study of patients with mCRPC treated with radium-223. Treatment with radium-223 plus abiraterone/prednisone or enzalutamide was defined as concurrent if both drugs started within 30 days of one another, or layered when the second drug started ≥30 days after the first. The index date was defined as the day of the first radium-223 dose. Outcome measures included symptomatic skeletal events (SSEs), overall survival (OS), and patterns of treatments received.

Results
Of the 625 patients treated with radium-223, 22% received it together with abiraterone/prednisone and 27% with enzalutamide. When these agents were combined, they were often initiated in a layered fashion (73% layered, 23% concurrent). Prior or concomitant bone health agents (BHAs) were received by 67% and 55% of patients, respectively. Median follow-up was 9 months. Overall, incidence rates for SSEs and pathologic fractures were 0.35 and 0.11 patients per person-year, respectively. Median OS from mCRPC diagnosis was 28.1 months.

Conclusions
In this real-world setting, combination treatments with radium-223 and abiraterone/prednisone or enzalutamide were common. These agents were more commonly given in a layered than a concurrent fashion. Incidence rates for SSEs were reduced when BHAs were used; however, BHAs were underutilized.
Target-responsive vasoactive probes for ultrasensitive molecular imaging
Authors: Ohlendorf Robert , Wiśniowska Agata , Desai Mitul , Barandov Ali , Slusarczyk Adrian L. , Li Nan , Jasanoff Alan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ability to monitor molecules volumetrically throughout the body could provide valuable biomarkers for studies of healthy function and disease, but noninvasive detection of molecular targets in living subjects often suffers from poor sensitivity or selectivity. Here we describe a family of potent imaging probes that can be activated by molecules of interest in deep tissue, providing a basis for mapping nanomolar-scale analytes without the radiation or heavy metal content associated with traditional molecular imaging agents. The probes are reversibly caged vasodilators that induce responses detectable by hemodynamic imaging; they are constructed by combining vasoactive peptides with synthetic chemical appendages and protein blocking domains. We use this architecture to create ultrasensitive biotin-responsive imaging agents, which we apply for wide-field mapping of targets in rat brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We also adapt the sensor design for detecting the neurotransmitter dopamine, illustrating versatility of this approach for addressing biologically important molecules.
Molecular determinants underlying functional innovations of TBP and their impact on transcription initiation
Authors: Ravarani Charles N. J. , Flock Tilman , Chavali Sreenivas , Anandapadamanaban Madhanagopal , Babu M. Madan , Balaji Santhanam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTATA-box binding protein (TBP) is required for every single transcription event in archaea and eukaryotes. It binds DNA and harbors two repeats with an internal structural symmetry that show sequence asymmetry. At various times in evolution, TBP has acquired multiple interaction partners and different organisms have evolved TBP paralogs with additional protein regions. Together, these observations raise questions of what molecular determinants (i.e. key residues) led to the ability of TBP to acquire new interactions, resulting in an increasingly complex transcriptional system in eukaryotes. We present a comprehensive study of the evolutionary history of TBP and its interaction partners across all domains of life, including viruses. Our analysis reveals the molecular determinants and suggests a unified and multi-stage evolutionary model for the functional innovations of TBP. These findings highlight how concerted chemical changes on a conserved structural scaffold allow for the emergence of complexity in a fundamental biological process.
Anti-PDHA1 antibody is detected in a subset of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Nakagami Yukako , Sugihara Genichi , Nakashima Noriyuki , Hazama Masaaki , Son Shuraku , Ma Shuhe , Matsumoto Riki , Murai Toshiya , Ikeda Akio , Murakami Kosaku 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAutoantibodies have been implicated in schizophrenia aetiology. Here, novel autoantibodies were isolated from patients with schizophrenia. Autoantibody candidates were searched using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and western blotting with rat brain proteins as antigens and two sera pools (25 schizophrenia patients versus 25 controls) as antibodies. Immunoreactive antigens were identified by mass spectrometry. Antibody prevalence were evaluated by western blotting using human recombinant proteins. Furthermore, brain magnetic resonance imaging data (regional brain volumes and diffusion tensor imaging measures) were compared. Two proteins of the mitochondrial respiration pathway were identified as candidate antigens. Three patients with schizophrenia, but no controls, expressed antibodies targeting one of the candidate antigens, i.e., pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial (PDHA1, EC 1.2.4.1), which is related to mitochondrial energy production. Anti-PDHA1 antibody-positive patients (n = 3) had increased volumes in the left occipital fusiform gyrus compared to both controls (n = 23, p = 0.017) and antibody-negative patients (n = 16, p = 0.009), as well as in the left cuneus compared to antibody-negative patients (n = 16, p = 0.018). This is the first report of an anti-PDHA1 antibody in patients with schizophrenia. Compatible with recent findings of mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia, this antibody may be involved in the pathogenesis of a specific subgroup of schizophrenia.
Selection of optimal proxy locations for temperature field reconstructions using evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Jaume-Santero Fernando , Barriopedro David , García-Herrera Ricardo , Calvo Natalia , Salcedo-Sanz Sancho 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the Era of exponential data generation, increasing the number of paleoclimate records to improve climate field reconstructions might not always be the best strategy. By using pseudo-proxies from different model ensembles, we show how biologically-inspired artificial intelligence can be coupled with different reconstruction methods to minimize the spatial bias induced by the non-homogeneous distribution of available proxies. The results indicate that small subsets of records situated over representative locations can outperform the reconstruction skill of the full proxy network, even in more realistic pseudo-proxy experiments and observational datasets. These locations highlight the importance of high-latitude regions and major teleconnection areas to reconstruct annual global temperature fields and their responses to external forcings and internal variability. However, low frequency temperature variations such as the transition between the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age are better resolved by records situated at lower latitudes. According to our idealized experiments a careful selection of proxy locations should be performed depending on the targeted time scale of the reconstructed field.