bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and causes of death in extremely preterm infants in the Netherlands
Authors: Beek Pauline van , Groenendaal Floris , Broeders Lisa , Dijk Peter H , Dijkman Koen P , van den Dungen Frank A M , van Heijst Arno F J , van Hillegersberg Jacqueline L , Kornelisse René F , Onland Wes , Schuerman Frank A B A , van Westering-Kroon Elke , Witlox Ruben S G M , Andriessen Peter 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveIn the Netherlands, the threshold for offering active treatment for spontaneous birth was lowered from 25+0 to 24+0 weeks’ gestation in 2010. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of guideline implementation on survival and causes and timing of death in the years following implementation.DesignNational cohort study, using data from the Netherlands Perinatal Registry.PatientsThe study population included all 3312 stillborn and live born infants with a gestational age (GA) between 240/7 and 266/7 weeks born between January 2011 and December 2017. Infants with the same GA born between January 2007 and December 2009 (N=1400) were used as the reference group.Main outcome measuresSurvival to discharge, as well as cause and timing of death.ResultsAfter guideline implementation, there was a significant increase in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate for live born infants born at 24 weeks’ GA (27%–69%, p<0.001), resulting in increased survival to discharge in 24-week live born infants (13%–34%, p<0.001). Top three causes of in-hospital mortality were necrotising enterocolitis (28%), respiratory distress syndrome (19%) and intraventricular haemorrhage (17%). A significant decrease in cause of death either complicated or caused by respiratory insufficiency was seen over time (34% in 2011–2014 to 23% in 2015–2017, p=0.006).ConclusionsImplementation of the 2010 guideline resulted as expected in increased NICU admissions rate and postnatal survival of infants born at 24 weeks’ GA. In the years after implementation, a shift in cause of death was seen from respiratory insufficiency towards necrotising enterocolitis and sepsis.
COVID-19 risk for patients undergoing anticancer treatment at the outpatient clinic of the National Cancer Institute of Milan: the COVINT study
Authors: Nichetti Federico , Bini Marta , Ambrosini Margherita , Ottini Arianna , Rametta Alessandro , Leporati Rita , Polastri Daniela , Pircher Chiara , Dotti Katia , Ferrari Laura , de Braud Filippo 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIn the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients with cancer are regarded as a highly vulnerable population. Overall, those requiring hospital admission for treatment administration are potentially exposed to a higher risk of infection and worse outcome given the multiple in-hospital exposures and the treatment immunosuppressive effects.MethodsCOVINT is an observational study assessing COVID-19 incidence among patients receiving anticancer treatment in the outpatient clinic of the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano. All consecutive patients with non-haematological malignancies treated with intravenous or subcutaneous/intramuscular anticancer therapy in the outpatient clinic were enrolled. The primary endpoint is the rate of occurrence of COVID-19. Secondary endpoints included the rate of COVID-19-related deaths and treatment interruptions. The association between clinical and biological characteristics and COVID-19 occurrence is also evaluated. COVID-19 diagnosis is defined as (1) certain if confirmed by reverse transcriptase PCR assay of nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS); (2) suspected in case of new symptoms or CT scan evidence of interstitial pneumonia with negative/not performed NPS; (3) negative in case of neither symptoms nor radiological evidence.ResultsIn the first 2 months (16 February–10 April 2020) of observation, 1081 patients were included. Of these, 11 (1%) were confirmed and 73 (6.7%) suspected for COVID-19. No significant differences in terms of cancer and treatment type emerged between the three subgroups. Prophylactic use of myeloid growth factors was adopted in 5.3%, 2.7% and 0% of COVID-19-free, COVID-19-suspected and COVID-19-confirmed patients (p=0.003). Overall, 96 (8.9%) patients delayed treatment as a precaution for the pandemic. Among the 11 confirmed cases, 6 (55%) died of COVID-19 complications, and anticancer treatment was restarted in only one.ConclusionsDuring the pandemic peak, accurate protective measures successfully resulted in low rates of COVID-19 diagnosis, although with high lethality. Prospective patients’ surveillance will continue with NPS and serology testing to provide a more comprehensive epidemiological picture, a biological insight on the impact of cytotoxic treatments on the immune response, and to protect patients and healthcare workers.
Quality of labor epidural analgesia at a high-volume tertiary care obstetric unit: a before-and-after study
Authors: Easther Robert G , Downey Kristi , Watts Nancy , Ye Xiang Y , Carvalho Jose C A 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionWe wanted to better understand the quality of our labor epidural practice at a large urban academic medical center. Several practice changes were implemented between 2011 and 2017, namely a more uniform epidural loading dose of local anesthetic that includes fentanyl, an increase in both the hourly baseline offer and maximum allowed hourly amount of bupivacaine, and the change from a continuous epidural infusion to a programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) regimen. We aimed to assess the impact of those changes on the quality of labor analgesia.MethodsWe performed two separate audits representing before-and-after groups. The audits were performed in November 2011 (before group) and November–December 2017 (after group). The data for 2011 were extracted from a previously published study. Hence, we conducted a similar audit in 2017, including only outcomes that were included in the previous audit. The primary outcome was the presence of pain >3 (Numerical Rating Scale 0–10) at any time during first or second stage of labor. Secondary outcomes included top-up requirements, and women’s pain perception during the first and second stage of labor according to a postpartum questionnaire.ResultsWe studied 294 and 247 women in the before-and-after groups, respectively. The proportion of women reporting pain >3/10 at any time during labor and delivery significantly decreased in the after group (30% vs 41%; p<0.01). In an adjusted analysis, there was a 35% reduction in the likelihood of pain scores>3 for the after group (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46, 0.94). Women in the after group received fewer top-ups by nurses (3% vs 24%, p<0.001). Most women in both cohorts (85% before and 87% after) were satisfied with the overall quality of analgesia.DiscussionA bundle of practice changes implemented in our clinical practice, including the PIEB regimen, has resulted in a significant improvement in the quality of labor analgesia. However, despite all the implemented changes, 30% of women still experience pain during labor and further optimization of our practice is warranted.
Examination of the confounding effect of subcutaneous fat on muscle echo intensity utilizing exogenous fat
Authors: Neto Müller Jonathan , Lanferdini Fabio J. , Passos Karam Juliana Y. , de Brito Fontana Heiliane 
Published: November 2020

We aimed to provide an unbiased estimate of the confounding effect of subcutaneous fat thickness on ultrasound echo intensity (EI) measures of muscle quality. The effect of fat thickness on EI was verified for an approximate range of 0 to 3 cm of fat using exogeneous layers of pork fat over the human tibialis anterior muscle. Sonograms were obtained (i) with focus constant across fat thickness conditions, and (ii) with focus position adjusted to the muscle region of interest (ROI) position for each fat thickness level. In agreement with our hypothesis, increasing fat between the probe and the ROI resulted in a decrease in EI. This overestimating effect of fat on muscle quality differs between sonograms with constant focus and sonograms with focus position adjusted to the vertical displacement in ROI position that occurs for different levels of fat thickness. Correcting equations to account for the overestimating effect of fat on muscle quality are provided for both focus conditions. This is the first study to systematically analyze the confounding effect of fat thickness as an independent factor and the provided equations can be used for improved accuracy in estimates of muscle quality in obese/overweight subjects/patients. Novelty: The independent confounding effect of subcutaneous fat thickness on ultrasound (US) estimates of muscle quality was quantified. US estimates of muscle quality depend on whether focus is adjusted to the muscle region of interest or not. Equations for correcting muscle quality estimates are provided.
Bandgap engineering in Si1−xCx by substitutional doping: First-principle calculations
Authors: Wang Yulong , Duan Baoxing , Yang Yintang 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a novel approach is presented for the first time to increase the energy gap of Si-based material by doping carbon atoms into Si-based material structures. The structural electronic properties and mechanical properties of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text], 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4) are investigated using a first-principles calculation method. Bandgaps of the [Formula: see text] shells were found to have, respectively, quadratic relationships with the Carbon content [Formula: see text]. Meanwhile, the electronic bandgap of Si-based material can be increased by 0.334 eV due to the carbon substitutions. The optimal structure is [Formula: see text] and the elastic constants and phono calculations reveal that [Formula: see text] is mechanically and dynamically stable. Finally, two different heavy doped [Formula: see text] have been investigated and the results indicate that the [Formula: see text]-type and [Formula: see text]-type doped [Formula: see text] do produce shallow levels. This study can be a theoretical guidance to improve the bandgap of Si-based semiconductors. In addition, [Formula: see text] show superior bandgap and material properties enabling [Formula: see text] power device operation at higher temperatures, voltages than current Si-based power semiconductor device.
Therapeutic Vulnerabilities of Transcription Factors in AML
Authors: Khan Irum , Eklund Elizabeth E. , Gartel Andrei L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by impaired myeloid lineage differentiation, uncontrolled proliferation, and inhibition of proapoptotic pathways. In spite of a relatively homogeneous clinical disease presentation, risk of long-term survival in AML varies from 20% to 80% depending on molecular disease characteristics. In recognition of the molecular heterogeneity of AML, the European Leukemia Net (ELN) and WHO classification systems now incorporate cytogenetics and increasing numbers of gene mutations into AML prognostication. Several of the genomic AML subsets are characterized by unique transcription factor alterations that are highlighted in this review. There are many mechanisms of transcriptional deregulation in leukemia. We broadly classify transcription factors based on mechanisms of transcriptional deregulation including direct involvement of transcription factors in recurrent translocations, loss-of-function mutations, and intracellular relocalization. Transcription factors, due to their pleiotropic effects, have been attractive but elusive targets. Indirect targeting approaches include inhibition of upstream kinases such as TAK1 for suppression of NFκB signaling and downstream effectors such as FGF signaling in HOXA-upregulated leukemia. Other strategies include targeting scaffolding proteins like BrD4 in the case of MYC or coactivators such as menin to suppress HOX expression; disrupting critical protein interactions in the case of β-catenin:TCF/LEF, and preventing transcription factor binding to DNA as in the case of PU.1 or FOXM1. We comprehensively describe the mechanism of deregulation of transcription factors in genomic subsets of AML, consequent pathway addictions, and potential therapeutic strategies.
Implementation of UKBI to improve students’ listening ability
Authors: Elitasari Handara Tri , Mustadi Ali , Saifudin M. Fakhrur 
Published: November 2020

Listening is one of the basic language skills that must be possesed by student in elementary teacher education study program. As a teacher candidates, listening ability can be used as knowledge for student in teaching practice in elementary school. The listening ability is still relatively low. Listening ability for students its important, so need a have efforts and attention.This study aims to improve the students listening ability through the implementation of UKBI. UKBI is a proficiency test of Indonesian language that used as a method to measured proficiency of someone’s language ability. This study used classroom action research with two cycles. This study was conducted on 41 students class 2 A of elementary teacher education student in Ahmad Dahlan University. Data collection methods was used test and observation. The results showed that the implementation of UKBI can improve the listening ability to elementary teacher education student. This was proved in cycle I and cycle II with the increase of the average listening scores of 75.12 and 83.05 and the classical completeness of 78.05% and 90.24%. Analysis of the listening scores showed that remembering is the most prominent ability among understanding and analyzing.
Flipping the classroom with a LMS: Designing a technologybased learning model
Authors: Zainuddin Zamzami , Hermawan Hardika Dwi , Nuraini Febritesna , Prayitno Santo Mugi , Probowasito Taufik 
Published: November 2020

This study proposes to present a sample design of a flipped learning instructional model for teaching Islamic Studies course at an Indonesian higher education institution. A bottom-up flipped learning model was developed in this study, based on Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. A Learning Management System (LMS), Schoology, was employed as a platform to share pre-class video lectures for student learning activities outside-of-class. Three main activities proposed by the researchers outside of the class activities, namely, Watching, Summarizing, and Notetaking (WSN), whereas give and take conversation is the main class activity. This study implies that the bottom-up flipped learning model could potentially be implemented for teaching Islamic studies course in Indonesian higher education institutions, with the aim of fostering students' highest level of cognitive domains and independent learning skills. This study has implications for the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education and the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia or policymakers to consider the flipped classroom as a contemporary teaching model for teaching Islamic studies course and other subjects at any in Indonesian higher education institutions.
Cognitive load and its relationship with mental capacity in accordance with their levels at students of the secondary stage in terms of sweller theory
Authors: Aburayash Hussain Mohammad 
Published: November 2020

The study aimed to identify the cognitive load and its relationshipwith mental capacity in accordance their levels at the students of the secondary stage in the terms of Sweller theory. The study sample consisted of (300) male and female eleventh and twelfth grade students from the leadership schools in Amman. The researcher used the cognitive load scale and the mental capacity scale.The results showed a high level of cognitive load in male and female, a high cognitive Load on students of scientific specialization rather than literary specialization, and that the mental capacity of the study sample in general is moderate, and that the mental capacity of students of scientific specialization is high compared to the mental capacity of students of literary specialization. In addition, that the association between higher mental capacity and cognitive load was higher in males than in females, and that the relationship between the mean mental capacity of both sexes with the cognitive load was statistically significant.
New approach to solve some problems in undergraduate education of chemical engineering students
Authors: Khadom Anees A 
Published: November 2020

The present short paper is an attempt in the direction of understanding the learning problems of undergraduate students. Sample of chemical engineering students was selected to perform a simple exam test. The test was divided into four steps. Closed book - individual student, Closed book - cooperative students, Open book - cooperative students, and Exam completion steps. Questionnaire was carried out to obtain the research results. It was found that a large percentage of the students are not studying carefully, the studying method was shallow and depend only on reading ready printed lectures. The results compared with previous exam results. Current test improved the performance of students. The novelty of present work represented by applying a new teaching method in colleges of engineering in Iraq. This short paper also proved that the methods of teaching not restricted to social and humanity studies. paper is an attempt in the direction of understanding the learning problems of undergraduate students. Sample of chemical engineering students was selected to perform a simple exam test. The test was divided into four steps. Closed book - individual student, Closed book - cooperative students, Open book - cooperative students, and Exam completion steps. Questionnaire was carried out to obtain the research results. It was found that a large percentage of the students are not studying carefully, the studying method was shallow and depend only on reading ready printed lectures. The results compared with previous exam results. Current test improved the performance of students. The novelty of present work represented by applying a new teaching method in colleges of engineering in Iraq. This short paper also proved that the methods of teaching not restricted to social and humanity studies.
Minimizing skills and training gaps through professional development course
Authors: Ejiwale James A 
Published: November 2020

Many companies that are striving to expand their development and production are finding it difficult to do so successfully. This is due to the shortage of qualified employees to help sustain their competitive edge in the global market. This dilemma is due to skills gaps; more importantly a mismatch between available jobs and skills. It is imperative to prepare the workforce for technical jobs and as well to find a lasting solution to eradicate the effect of skills and training gaps on college graduates. This paper addresses the causes of skills and training gaps and the need to minimize the impact of skills and training gaps through professional development.
I Want to Become an Orientalist Not a Colonizer or a “De-Colonizer”
Authors: Daneshgar Majid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Writing Studying the Qurʾan in the Muslim Academy emerged out of my personal and academic concerns, which have not been relieved since its publication. Now, my trepidations have become more serious and I am becoming more disappointed about the future of religious and Islamic studies. Such concerns have not disappeared, and all we can do is remind the next generation that their field of study as well as their worldview was shaped in accordance with the proclivity of seniors, superiors, job-givers and policy-makers. The current symposium dedicated to my book, to which this is a response, includes essays by well-versed scholars with Muslim backgrounds. They all draw my attention to the diversity, complexity and importance of the notions we use regularly in the study of Islam. Each of the essays suggests how the discourse on method and theory in the study of Islam has changed within the last decade.
Studying the Qurʾan: Neither Here nor There
Authors: Qidwai Sarah A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses three aspects of Majid Daneshgar’s monograph Studying the Qurʾan in the Muslim Academy. The first part looks at the complexities around the lack of coherence between the Muslim Academy and so-called “Western” Institutions. Drawing on some examples from my own life, I will address the hesitance to embrace sources from the West as highlighted by Daneshgar. Then, I will present an example from the “Western Academy” that speaks to a broader audience across this divide. The second part of this paper will address the phenomenon of trying to find scientific proofs in the Qur‘an and the issues around those attempts in the field of the history of science and religion. Drawing on my own research, the third part of this reflection will draw on the example of Islam in India to show the complex nature of the so-called Muslim Academy and its ties to colonial encounters.
Plato's 'Republic'
Authors: McAleer Sean 
Published: November 2020

This book is a lucid and accessible companion to Plato’s Republic, throwing light upon the text’s arguments and main themes, placing them in the wider context of the text’s structure. In its illumination of the philosophical ideas underpinning the work, it provides readers with an understanding and appreciation of the complexity and literary artistry of Plato’s Republic. McAleer not only unpacks the key overarching questions of the text – What is justice? And Is a just life happier than an unjust life? – but also highlights some fascinating, overlooked passages which contribute to our understanding of Plato’s philosophical thought.
Plato’s 'Republic': An Introduction offers a rigorous and thought-provoking analysis of the text, helping readers navigate one of the world’s most influential works of philosophy and political theory. With its approachable tone and clear presentation, it constitutes a welcome contribution to the field, and will be an indispensable resource for philosophy students and teachers, as well as general readers new to, or returning to, the text.
Decadal Change of Heavy Snowfall over Northern China in the Mid-1990s and Associated Background Circulations
Authors: Zhou Botao , Wang Zunya , Sun Bo , Hao Xin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnalyses of observation data from 1961 to 2014 by using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method indicate that the primary mode (a monosign pattern) of heavy snowfall over northern China in winter shows evident variations from a negative polarity to a positive polarity in the mid-1990s. Associated with this decadal change, the southward displacement of the polar front jet stream and northward shift of the subtropical jet stream in the upper troposphere are apparent. Accordingly, a negative height anomaly dominates the region from Lake Balkhash to Lake Baikal and a positive height anomaly occupies the midlatitudes of the North Pacific in the middle troposphere. Such anomalous patterns in the middle and high troposphere correspond approximately to the northern mode of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and may favor the interaction of cold air with moist airflows over northern China, which helps increase local heavy snowfall. Further investigation shows that the shift in the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) from a cold phase to a warm phase in the 1990s may also play a role, through its linkage to the above atmospheric circulations with the aid of a downstream propagation of wave train that emanates from the Atlantic Ocean.