bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leyes de escalamiento y criticalidad en modelos de votantes y dinámica neuronal
Authors: Aldana González Maximino 
Published: January 2020

<p class="p1">Una propiedad importante de muchos sistemas complejos es la presencia de leyes de escalamiento, las cuales se caracterizan por el hecho de que las variables que describen el comportamiento del sistema se relacionan a través de leyes de potencias. Las leyes de escalamiento generalmente tienen dos implicaciones importantes: (i) la auto–similitud del sistema en un gran rango de escalas (cada parte del sistema se parece al sistema completo), y, (ii) los “eventos raros” (es decir, eventos poco probables) no son tan raros y ocurren mucho más frecuentemente de lo que se esperaría. En este trabajo discutimos la criticalidad dinámica como uno de los principales mecanismos que generan leyes de escalamiento en sistemas complejos, enfocándonos principalmente en modelos de formación de opiniones y en redes neuronales. Veremos que dos sistemas aparentemente muy distintos (redes de votantes y redes neuronales) pueden describirse prácticamente con las mismas herramientas conceptuales y metodológicas, lo cual ilustra la universalidad de los fenómenos críticos y las correspondientes leyes de escalamiento.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
Isolation, Definition and Chemical Control some of the Bacteria that Cause Contamination of Wall Paintings in Caves
Authors: El-Gorj Fatma. M. A , Aisha M. A. , Maznah W.O. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Caves are unique natural features and habitats where specialized organisms grow. One of the world’s main concerns is that of the conservation and preservation of our cultural heritage, including rock art and wall paintings within caves.
Methods: This study was conducted by collecting the samples scraped from wall surfaces at 19 different location in painted caves of Niah cave, Sarawak, and Tempurung cave, Perak. Morphospecies identification and genomic DNA polymorphisms were used to identify the two strains of bacteria. The growth was controlled chemical method using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).
Results: Morphospecies identification was carried out using a light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), both the bacteria, bacteria I and bacteria II were isolated from the soil samples and were Gram-negative bacteria. Based on BLAST search, bacteria I showed 100% with Stenotrophomonas sp (NR 024708.1), and bacteria II showed 100% with Cryptococcus liquefaciens (NR 043289. 1). The growth was controlled chemical method using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2 and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The laboratory studies showed that three chemical were effectively eliminated colonies/cells of the both bacteria compared to the colonies found on the control pate this study.
Antihypertensive Prescription Pattern and Associated Medication Costs: A Retrospective Review of Prescriptions in A Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Paul Onah Otor , Kaigama Aliyu , Abdulmalik Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

Background: Hypertension is the leading cardiovascular disease most associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence indicate that in low and medium income countries hypertension is a growing healthcare challenge compounding already existing high burden of infectious diseases. The overall goal of treatment is to reduce the risk of associated secondary complications which increases the risk of mortality. The choice of antihypertensive medications vary widely between and within health facilities, however concerns remain whether prescribed drugs affordable as well as optimize treatment outcomes.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine antihypertensive prescription pattern and its impact on affordability of drug treatment
Results/Discussions: The results showed that monotherapy with CCBs were the most prescribed drugs accounting for over half of all antihypertensive prescriptions. In addition CCB based combination therapies were found in more than three quarters of all prescriptions. The cost of one month supply of innovator brands was significantly higher than generic versions, which made them far less affordable to majority of patients. The prescription pattern did not significantly adhere to current treatment guidelines for the management of hypertension. This makes the case for improvement in prescription practices that emphasize rational drug therapy that take into cognizance costs, particularly among the poor.
Conclusion: Antihypertensive prescription pattern did not largely comply with guidelines and the widespread prescription of innovator drug brands makes medicines largely unaffordable to majority of patients. It is imperative that drug treatment of high blood pressure allow patients to benefit from reduced cost of low priced generic drugs.
Prevalence of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sara Nasrollahi  , Neelathahalli Kasturirangan Meera  
Published: January 2020

Hospitalized neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are usually exposed to great number of drugs and they are susceptible to adverse outcomes due to their immature functioning organs and reasons like inappropriate dosing or choice of medicines. We aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of potential drug- drug interactions (pDDIs) in the NICU. In this prospective observational study, case sheets of neonates who were in the NICU for more than 24 hours and were administered with at least two drugs were analysed for pDDIs by using Lexicomp database. All pDDIs were classified according to their severity, reliability, risk level and their underlying mechanisms. Potential predictors and potential outcomes of pDDIs were also evaluated. We found that 66.2% of neonates were exposed to at least one pDDI. Total of 902 pDDIs comprising of 70 distinct pDDIs were identified of which 88% were moderate in severity. 11.8% and 0.2% of them were major and minor respectively. Most of pDDIs belonged to category C (61.4%) and category D (30%) of risk level. Majority of interactions had pharmacodynamic mechanism (65.7%) and fair scientific evidences (68.6%). The most common potential adverse drug events included increased sympathomimetic effects, nephrotoxicity and alteration of serum concentration of drugs. Systemic anti-infective were involved in majority of interactions. pDDIs were more prevalent in neonates with gestational age of <32 weeks, >11 days of hospital stay and those who received >11 concomitant drugs. Identification of pDDIs and monitoring the neonates for potential adverse outcomes is mandatory especially in high risk conditions to avoid or minimize the actual harm.
Preparation, Process Optimization and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Lyophilized Etoposide Loaded Nanoparticles
Authors: Priyal Patel  , Shailesh Koradia  , Falgun Mehta  , Ashok Mahajan  , Jayvadan Patel  
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop freeze dried Polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with etoposide intended to be administered intravenously with improved therapeutic efficacy of the drug and thereby reduced dose related toxicity associated with it. The etoposide loaded nanoparticles were prepared using modified spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion method (SESD).The in Vitro release study of etoposide loaded Polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA)–Nanoparticles NP was carried by dialysis bag diffusion technique.The incorporation efficiency was found to be higher in modified SESD technique than emulsification solvent evaporation method. The release behavior of etoposide exhibited a biphasic pattern characterized by an initial burst release followed by a slow and continuous release. The nanoparticles were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, DSC and FTIR. The long term stability was achieved by lyophilisation technique. The cell line study using XTT assay on LNCaP prostate tumor cell lines revealed that etoposide loaded nanoparticles showed greater cancer cell inhibition compared to plain nanoparticles and marketed conventional formulations.
Peramalan Rate of Return Saham Menggunakan Metode Brown’s Weighted Exponential Moving Average dengan Optimasi Levenberg-Marquardt
Authors: Abdullah Nur Hasanah , Junaidi  , Handayani Lilies 
Published: January 2020

Stocks can be defined as a sign of the participation of unilateral capital in a company or a limited liability company in the form of proof of a company's assets and it is formed as a valueble proof letters as a statement of participating in capital. Return stockis one of the factors that motivates investors to invest or interact and also a reward for the courage of investors to take risks or investments. PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia is one of the largest banks in Indonesia that experiences an increase in stock prices every year. The Brown's Weighted Exponential Moving Average (BWEMA) method which is a combination of the Weighted Exponential Moving Average (WEMA) and Brown's Double Exponential Smoothing (BDES) methods will be used in this study. The data used is the daily data of closing price of the stock (closing price) of PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia on February 6, 2018 until February 6, 2019. MSE and MAPE BWEMA values ​​were obtained at 6124.222 and 1.831685%, while MSE and MAPE WEMA values ​​were 7559.211 and 1.998439% respectively. The results obtained show that the BWEMA method has smaller MSE and MAPE values. This shows that the BWEMA method is better than the WEMA method in terms of forecasting. As a results the BWEMA method is continued to calculate the forecasts rate of return for the next 7 days. The average value returns obtained is 0.111497% stock which means during the period of the investment, investors get a profit of 0.111497%% per day of the total funds invested in the shares of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk.
An Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Optimize Municipal Sewage Networks; A Case of Tororo Municipality, Eastern Uganda.
Authors: Semwogerere Twaibu , Awichi R. , Lwanyaga J. D. , Noah Esemu Joseph , Masanja Verdiana G. , Nampala H. 
Published: January 2020

Two-phase pipe ﬂow is a common occurrence in many industrial applications such as sewage, water, oil, and gas transportation. Accurate prediction of liquid velocity, holdup and pressure drop is of vast importance to ensure eﬀective design and operation of ﬂuid transport systems. This paper aimed at the simulation of a two-phase ﬂow of air and sewage (water) using an open source software OpenFOAM. Numerical Simulations have been performed using varying dimensions of pipes as well as their inclinations. Specifically, a Standard k- turbulence model and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) free water surface model is used to solve the turbulent mixture flow of air and sewage (water). A two dimensional, 0.5m diameter pipe of 20m length is used for the CFD approach based on the Navier-Stokes equations. Results showed that the ﬂow pattern behaviour is influenced by the pipe diameters as well as their inclination. It is concluded that the most effective way to optimize a sewer network system for Tororo Municipality conditions and other similar situations, is by adjusting sewer diameters and slope gradients and expanding the number of sewer network connections of household and industries from 535 (i.e., 31.2% of total) to at least 1,200 (70% of total).
Steam engines in agricultural use in Croatia and Slavonia during the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
Authors: Fabijanić Goran , Čopec Krešimir , Kovačev Igor 
Published: January 2020

Summary
Industrial revolution and modernization of agriculture in Croatia and Slavonia began in mid-19th century and evolved at a slower pace compared to the other countries of the Austrian Empire. The main reasons were lack of capital, shortage of good river- and land traffic routes, slowness in the construction of railways, slowness in the introduction of steam engines, lack of skilled workforce and extensive farming. The second agricultural crisis in Europe, which lasted from 1873 until 1895, motivated large holdings in Croatia and Slavonia to introduce steam engines and machines for the purpose of rationalization of agricultural production. Locomobiles were mostly represented on holdings with over 575.5 ha. The then country of Slavonia, as an eminently agrarian region and the main source of wheat was leader in the use of steam engines, steam ploughs and steam-powered machines in agriculture. The locomobile was used in agriculture until the mid-20th century and was discontinued with the growing use of tractors with internal combustion engine and the use of combine harvesters. Until 1918, Croatian lands were a part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
Narrowband array processing beamforming technique for electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Chitturi Venkatratnam , Farrukh Nagi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has a large potential as a two dimensional imaging technique and is gaining attention among researchers across various fields of engineering. Beamforming techniques stem from the array signal processing field and is used for spatial filtering of array data to evaluate the location of objects. In this work the circular electrodes are treated as an array of sensors and beamforming technique is used to localize the object(s) in an electrical field. The conductivity distributions within a test tank is obtained by an EIT system in terms of electrode voltages. These voltages are then interpolated using elliptic partial differential equations. Finally, a narrowband beamformer detects the peak in the output response signal to localize the test object(s). Test results show that the beamforming technique can be used as a secondary method that may provide complementary information about accurate position of the test object(s) using an eight electrode EIT system. This method could possibly open new avenues for spatial EIT data filtering techniques with an understanding that the inverse problem is more likely considered here as a source localization algorithm instead as an image reconstruction algorithm.
A circuit for simultaneous measurements of skin electrical conductance, susceptance, and potential
Authors: Martinsen Ørjan G. , Kalvøy Håvard , Bari Dindar S. , Tronstad Christian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A circuit is presented that enables measurement of skin electrical conductance, susceptance, and potential simultaneously beneath the same monopolar electrode. Example measurements are shown to confirm the function of the circuit. The measurements are also in accordance with earlier findings that changes in skin conductance and potential do not always correspond and hence contain unique information.
LSASF in Unconventional Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Al-Saedi Hasan N. , Al-Jaberi Soura K. , Flori Ralph E. , Al-Bazzaz Waleed 
Published: January 2020

In order to unlock large quantities of heavy crude oil, thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) must keep pace with the other EOR development, such as low salinity (LS) water flooding. Injecting steam alone is accompanied by gravity override, which leads to early breakthroughs without contacting the whole heavy oil bank. Water alternating steam process (WASP) is a steam sweep efficiency improver, but using LS water provides the same feature with an extra benefit, which is wettability alteration and named low salinity alternating steam flooding (LSASF). Changing reservoir rocks wettability from oil-wet towards water-wet is highly desired during designing EOR projects. This study presents injecting steam into heavy oil accumulation in the purpose of decreasing its viscosity and ease its flow and intermitting steam with LS water flooding to improve steam sweep efficiency and to alter sandstone wettability towards being more water-wet, which unlock extra heavy oil by LS water too.
In this study, core flooding experiments have been carried out on a reservoir core plugs were taken from Bartlesville Sandstone Reservoir (located in Eastern Kansas) saturated with a heavy crude oil of 600 cp from the same reservoir. The reservoir core plugs were saturated by formation water (FW) with 104,550 ppm salinity and heavy crude oil. FW was firstly injected in the secondary stage, followed by different LS waters to examine the optimum formula of LS water that needs to be injected with steam. Each injected LS water was alternating with steam. Four kinds of LS water with 3000 ppm salinity were evaluated and named LSNaCl, LSCaCl2, LSMgCl2, and LSMix, where each subscript refers to the only salt dissolved in the LS water. Spontaneous imbibition test was also conducted to study the wettability change.
The results obtained showed that LS water and steam flooding improved oil recovery at all proposed scenarios. Still, the highest was LS water contains NaCl only (LSNaCl) followed by LS water contains CaCl2 (LSCaCl2), then LSMix, and the lowest was LSMgCl2. The spontaneous imbibition results agree with core flooding results. Based on the results of this work, it is possible to inject LSNaCl and steam that gives the lowest residual oil saturation.
Prediction of Lost Circulation Zones using Support Vector Machine and Radial Basis Function
Authors: Ahmed Abdulmalek , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Abdulraheem Abdulazeez , Abughaban Mahmoud 
Published: January 2020

Drilling deep and high-pressure high-temperature wells have many challenges and problems. One of the most severe, costly and time-consuming problem in the drilling operation is the loss of circulation. The drilling fluid accounts for 25-40% of the total cost of the drilling operation. Any loss of the drilling fluid will increase the total cost of the drilling operation. Uncontrolled lost circulation of the drilling fluid can result in dangerous well control problems and in some cases the loss of the well. In order to avoid loss circulation, many methods were introduced to identify the zones of losses. However, some of these methods are difficult to be applied due to financial issues and lack of technology and the other methods are not accurate in the prediction of the thief zones.
The objective of this paper is to predict the lost circulation zones using two different techniques of artificial intelligence (AI). More than 5000 real field data from two wells that contain the real-time surface drilling parameters was used to predict the zones of circulation loss using radial basis function (RBF) and support vector machine (SVM). Six surface drilling parameters were used as an input. The data of the well (A) was divided into training and testing to build the two AI models and then unseen well (B) was used to validate the ability of AI models to predict the zones of lost circulation.
The obtained results showed that the two models of AI were able to predict the zones of circulation loss in well (A) with high accuracy in terms of correlation coefficient (R), root mean squared error (RMSE) and confusion matrix. RBF predicted the losses zones with excellent precision of R = 0.981 and RMSE = 0.088. SVM also achieved higher accuracy with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 and root mean squared error of 0.038. Moreover, the RBF model was able to predict the losses zones in the unseen well (B) that was used as a validation for the ability of the AI models with a correlation coefficient of 0.909 and root mean squared error of 1.686.
Lattice Boltzmann Method LBM for the Characterization of Pore-Scale Stress
Authors: Al-Jindan Jana , N. Noui-Mehidi Mohamed 
Published: January 2020

Fluid invasion in porous media is an important factor for understanding the flow distribution at the pore-scale from mesoscopic analysis for studies related to well stability and productivity enhancement in general. To better understand these effects, experiments provide direct measurements with deep understanding; however, these are always at a high cost in terms of logistics and are limited with regard to physical modeling cases, especially when mimicking reservoir conditions.
In contrast, numerical modeling provides better alternative solutions to investigate the fluid propagation properties in a particular rock matrix. This topic was, and still is, the subject of several studies aimed at capturing the fluid flow characteristics in a porous medium (Feng Xiao, 2013).
The study of fluid flow is usually accomplished at different scale from macroscopic, mesoscopic to microscopic level to capture all flow features, and therefore the flow simulation method depends on the type of scale chosen.
Fit-for-Purpose, High-Density, Resilient Cement System for Ultra-HPHT Wells: Case Study in Brunei
Authors: Taoutaou Salim , Jaffery Maimoon Fayyaz , Jain Bipin , Abdelhamid Essam , Szakolczai Cyril , Lansot Jean-Yves , Garnier Andre 
Published: January 2020

Cement sheath integrity under high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) conditions in the Maharaja Lela Jamalulalam (MLJ) field in Brunei is challenging to achieve because of the harsh downhole conditions. Pressures reach 15,000 psi [103 MPa], downhole temperatures rise to 165°C [330°F], and the narrow margin between the pore pressure and the fracture gradient makes mud removal and cement placement even more challenging.
In addition, pressure and temperature cycling during production means cement selection with right properties is essential to maintain long-term wellbore integrity. The cement system must deliver cement mechanical properties that can withstand the downhole stresses over time. Mechanical failure of the cement sheath would create a path for wellbore fluid migration that could result in sustained casing pressure (SCP) or interzonal communication.
This paper will discuss the challenges of cementing in the tight pore-to-fracture window in the MLJ field, and the design and placement of one of the world's heaviest (2.48SG [20.7 lb/gal]) flexible and expandable resilient cement systems.
Wells in the MLJ field reach into a deep reservoir (4500 to 5000 m true vertical depth, TVD) where the pressures can reach up to 15,000 psi with bottomhole static temperatures reaching 165°C. The well is drilled using 2.18 SG [18.2 lb/gal] mud weight, and the production string is pressure tested at 15,000 psi; during the drilling and completion, the temperature variation is on the order of 60°C [108°F].
Based on the above well conditions, advanced computer-based simulations were used to determine the cement mechanical properties required to withstand the pressure and temperature changes. To achieve the required mechanical properties, special blends were prepared with engineered particles to impart flexibility and expansion for a 2.48 SG cement system.
To manage the cement placement, state-of-the-art cementing design software was used to accurately simulate the bottomhole circulating temperatures and pressures during placement as well as to simulate pipe centralization; a 3D model for fluids displacement also proved valuable.