bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothers with disabled children: needs, stress levels and family functionality in rehabilitation
Authors: Yilmaz Gamze 
Published: November 2019

This study was planned to investigate the relationship between the needs, stress levels of mothers with disabled children and family functioning in rehabilitation. The study was conducted with 181 mothers in a private rehabilitation centre in eastern Turkey. The personal information form, ‘Family Needs Assessment Tool (FNAT)’, ‘Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)’ and ‘Family Functioning Scale in Rehabilitation (FFSIR)’ were used in the data collection. In the analysis of data number, percentage, mean score, standard deviations, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis tests and Spearman correlation were used. The mean score of the mothers on the whole FNAT was 67.49 ± 1.85; the mean score of them on the PSS was 24.99 ± 4.32; the mean score of them on the FFSIR was 153.98 ± 20.61. It was found that there was a positive correlation between the mean scores of the mothers on the FNAT and PSS while there was a negative correlation between the mean scores of them on the PSS and FFSIR (p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the socio‐demographic characteristics of the mothers and the PSS and FFSIR (p < 0.05). It was determined that the mothers' information needs were high, they had moderate stress levels, and the family functionality was moderate in rehabilitation. It was concluded that the mothers' stress levels increased as the needs of them increased while their stress levels decreased as the functionality of them increased in rehabilitation.
Thresholds of financial development in the Euro area
Authors: Swamy Vighneswara , Dharani Munusamy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe analyse the dynamics of financial development and economic growth in the Euro area as these countries went through considerably higher levels of financial development. Using a balanced panel data of 38 years from 1980 to 2018, we offer new evidence on the finance–growth nexus. We show the presence of non‐linearity as there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between finance and growth in the long run. Estimating the thresholds in the finance–growth nexus, we notice a threshold effect at 74%–86% of GDP for domestic credit; 51% of GDP for stock turnover ratio; and 65% of GDP for stock market capitalisation. We notice that exceeding the threshold causes deceleration in economic growth as too much finance results in crowding out effect for productive economic activities. The panel Granger causality test results show that financial development should be associated with optimal growth performance. These findings in the Euro area provide some useful policy implications to the emerging and developing economies in designing their financial development strategies.
A molecular and morphological approach on the taxonomic status of the Brazilian species of Palaemon (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Carvalho Fabrício L. , Magalhães Célio , Mantelatto Fernando L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated the occurrence of nine species of Palaemon in Brazil. However, the extensive variability in their diagnostic characters and the geographic distribution of some species raises doubts about the validity of some taxa, potentially indicating the occurrence of species not yet reported from Brazil or even not described. To solve taxonomic issues with Palaemon species in Brazil, we carried out a multigene analysis by using partial fragments of 16S and COI mitochondrial genes and the nuclear H3. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The external morphology corresponding to the terminal clades obtained in the molecular phylogram was analysed to identify diagnostic characters that allow the recognition of the groups and the correct taxa assignment. The combined analysis of molecular and morphological data confirms the existence of nine species of Palaemon in Brazil, five from the “Palaemon” lineage (P. mercedae and four Palaemon stensu stricto—P. argentinus, P. octaviae—first record in Brazil, P. northropi and P. paivai) and four of the “Alaocaris” lineage (P. carteri, P. ivonicus, P. pandaliformis and P. yuna). The possibility of further cryptic speciation is also pointed out. In addition to confirming the validity of the nine species, the results indicate the need for taxonomic adjustments and corresponding changes in the geographic distribution of Palaemon species occurring in Brazil.
Stern Flap–Waterjet–Hull Interactions and Mechanism: A Case of Waterjet-Propelled Trimaran With Stern Flap
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Jianing , Shang Yuchen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
To research the stern flap (SF) and waterjet–hull interaction, unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) simulations for a waterjet-propelled trimaran considering sinkage and trim are performed. Uncertainty analysis of the numerical results for the bare hull (BH) model is presented. At the design speed Froude number (Fr) of 0.6 and under displacement state, the model-scaled trimaran, installed with stern flaps of varied angle and length, tests the BH and self-propulsion (SP) performance based on URANS simulations. For the resistance, the global effects due to motions and the local effects of SF, waterjets (WJ), and the coupled term between SF and WJ on the hull are separately analyzed. Taking the waterjet propulsion system into account, an SP model with reasonable stern flap effectively reduces the trim, the resistance acting on the hull and the waterjet thrust deduction which contributes to energy-saving and high-efficiency propulsion. The mechanism of the improved performance of the waterjet-propelled trimaran with stern flaps is discussed. For the resistance increment, the global effects, the local effects of SF and WJ are the major reason for resistance increase, and the nonlinear coupled term of local effects contributes to the resistance reduction most. In addition, the different resistance components of frictional, hydrostatic, and hydrodynamic are separately researched, which shows that the pressure resistance components plays a leading role in the total resistance reduction in the SP model with the suitable SF.
Effect of Laser Shock Peening on the Wear–Corrosion Synergistic Behavior of an AZ31B Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Siddaiah Arpith , Mao Bo , Liao Yiliang , Menezes Pradeep L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLaser shock peening (LSP) is one of the widely used surface processing techniques for tailoring functional behavior of surfaces. LSP has been used to enhance friction, wear, and mechanical properties. However, understanding of LSP-treated surfaces involving tribological contacts in electrochemically active environments is limited because the mechanism of wear–corrosion interactions (tribocorrosion) for such surfaces is still unclear. In the present study, the effect of LSP on the wear–corrosion behavior of an AZ31B Mg alloy is investigated. A zero-resistance ammeter (ZRA) method is utilized to examine the evolution of open circuit potential (OCP) during wear–corrosion analysis. The study finds that the LSP processing can decrease the corrosion potential difference between worn and unworn regions of the surface, thereby mitigating the effect of wear-accelerated corrosion during sliding. The effect of wear-accelerated corrosion is evident from the change in average surface roughness (Sa) of the unworn areas. It is found that understanding the change in surface roughness due to wear–corrosion interactions is necessary to investigate the onset and propagation of galvanic corrosion. Based on these results, the study details the mechanism of wear–corrosion interactions during sliding.
Non-Reciprocal Wave Transmission in a Bilinear Spring-Mass System
Authors: Lu Zhaocheng , Norris Andrew N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Significant amplitude-independent and passive non-reciprocal wave motion can be achieved in a one-dimensional (1D) discrete chain of masses and springs with bilinear elastic stiffness. Some fundamental asymmetric spatial modulations of the bilinear spring stiffness are first examined for their non-reciprocal properties. These are combined as building blocks into more complex configurations with the objective of maximizing non-reciprocal wave behavior. The non-reciprocal property is demonstrated by the significant difference between the transmitted pulse displacement amplitudes and energies for incidence from opposite directions. Extreme non-reciprocity is realized when almost-zero transmission is achieved for the propagation from one direction with a noticeable transmitted pulse for incidence from the other. These models provide the basis for a class of simple 1D non-reciprocal designs and can serve as the building blocks for more complex and higher dimensional non-reciprocal wave systems.
Synthesis of 3-[P][S] Parallel Mechanism-Inspired Multimode Dexterous Hands With Parallel Finger Structure
Authors: Jin Xiaodong , Fang Yuefa , Zhang Dan , Zhang Haiqiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dexterous hands are an important end-effector of robots, but their relatively low carrying capacity, small workspace and poor task adaptability are the key factors that restrict their wide application. To overcome these shortcomings of dexterous hands, a novel Lie-group-based synthesis method that extends the 3-[P][S] parallel mechanisms (PMs) to dexterous hands is presented, and a class of three-finger dexterous hands with parallel finger structure is obtained. The multimode operation is proposed by designing a double-slider palm that provides the hands with a large workspace and high task adaptability. The operation types are presented, and the dexterous in-hand manipulations in all modes are analyzed by means of Lie group theory. In addition, the equivalent structural characteristics of pinching objects are classified to elucidate the motion types and the rotational properties of the pinched objects. The inverse kinematics of fingers is presented and is used to identify the input–output relationships. Finally, the workspaces of the fingers are determined according to the result of the inverse kinematics, and the relationships between the size and displacements of the pinched object are presented. The proposed dexterous hands overcome the problems of low carrying capability, small workspace, and weak in-hand manipulation ability that are encountered with the traditional dexterous hands, which are underactuated and are built with a series finger structure, and can be potentially applied to various application domains, such as services, industry, and rescue.
The Influence of Rotor Geometry on Power Transfer Between Rotors in Gerotor-Type Screw Compressors
Authors: Read Matthew G. , Stosic Nikola , Smith Ian K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The configuration of a twin-screw positive displacement machine is proposed, consisting of an internally geared outer rotor meshing with an externally geared inner rotor. Helical rotors with constant profile and pitch are used with parallel rotor axes and stationary end plates incorporating inlet and discharge ports to achieve internal compression or expansion. The focus of this paper is to understand the effect of rotor geometry on two key performance indicators; the swept volume of the machine and the proportion of input power transferred between the inner and outer rotors. This requires a detailed analysis of the limitations on rotor profile generation, the formation of working chambers, and the forces exerted on the rotors. The choice of the rotor for power transfer to or from the machine is shown to be an important consideration, and helical rotors are found to enable lower power transfer between rotors during operation when compared with straight-cut rotors, but with reduced swept volume for the same machine size. For particular applications, this compromise is characterized through multi-objective optimization of the rotor profile and wrap angle in order to identify appropriate configurations for the proposed machine.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Wind-Driven Ventilation Through a Windcatcher With Different Inlet Designs
Authors: Abdo Peter , Taghipour Rahil , Huynh B. Phuoc 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Windcatcher is an effective natural ventilation system, and its performance depends on several factors including wind speed and wind direction. It provides a comfortable and healthy indoor environment since the introduced fresh air decreases the moisture content and reduces the pollutant concentration. Since the wind speed and its direction are generally unpredictable, it is important to use special inlet forms and exits to increase the efficiency of a windcatcher. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is implemented using ansys fluent to investigate the airflow entering a three-dimensional room through a windcatcher with different inlet designs. Three designs are studied which are a uniform inlet, a divergent inlet, and a bulging-convergent inlet. The airflow pattern with all inlets provided adequate ventilation through the room. With all the applied wind velocities (1, 2, 3, and 6 m/s) at the domain's inlet, the divergent inlet shape has captured the highest airflow through the room and provided higher average velocity at 1.2 m high enhancing the thermal comfort where most of the human occupancy occurs. With 6 m/s wind velocity, the divergent inlet has captured 2.55% more flow rate compared to the uniform inlet and 4.70% compared to the bulging-convergent inlet, and it has also provided an average velocity at 1.2 m high in the room of 7.16% higher than the uniform inlet and 8.44% higher than the bulging-convergent inlet.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Smoking Status, and Risk of Incidence and Mortality From Cancer: Findings From the Veterans Exercise Testing Study
Authors: Vainshelboim Baruch , Chen Zhongming , Lima Ricardo M. , Myers Jonathan 
Published: November 2019

Background: To assess the joint and stratified associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), incidence, and mortality from cancer in never, former, and current male smokers.Methods: CRF (treadmill exercise test) was assessed in 4694 men (never smokers [n = 1715]; former smokers [n = 1602], 32.4 [30.5] pack-years; and current smokers [n = 1377], 40.3 [26] pack-years) aged 58.1 (17.3) years, and prospectively followed for 12.7 (7.5) years. Multivariable Cox hazard models were analyzed.Results: In joint analyses, where high CRF in never smokers was used as a reference, hazard ratios and 95% (confidence intervals) for cancer incidence and cancer mortality were as follows: moderate CRF 1.41 (1.0–1.9) and 3.0 (1.7–5.5) in never smokers, 1.65 (1.3–2.2) and 3.7 (2.1–6.6) in former smokers, and 1.3 (0.9–1.7) and 3.4 (1.9–6.1) in current smokers, respectively. The corresponding values for low CRF were 1.53 (1.1–2.2) and 5.1 (2.7–9.5), 1.84 (1.3–2.5) and 6.6 (3.7–11.8), and 1.5 (1.1–2.2) and 5 (2.7–9.3), respectively. In stratified analyses by smoking status, compared with low CRF, moderate and high CRF were associated with a 32% to 78% reduction in cancer mortality risk (Ptrend for all <.001).Conclusion: Higher CRF is associated with lower risk of incidence and mortality from cancer regardless of smoking status, supporting the potential preventive benefits for public health.
Positive reinforcement by general practitioners is associated with greater physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Geerling Ralph , Browne Jessica L , Holmes-Truscott Elizabeth , Furler John , Speight Jane , Mosely Kylie 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveIn a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the aim of this study was to examine whether self-reported physical activity level is associated with recall of specific physical activity-related interactions used by general practitioners (GP).Research design and methodsAdults with T2DM completed an online survey reporting physical activity behaviors and recall of 14 GP–patient interactions about physical activity, mapped onto discrete behavior change techniques (BCT). Stepped logistical regression examined associations between recommended physical activity (≥600 MET-min/week) and GP–patient interactions, controlling for body mass index, diabetes-related comorbidities, depressive symptoms and self-efficacy.ResultsIn total, 381 respondents (55% men, mean±SD age: 62±10 years and T2DM duration 8±8 years) provided complete data. Most (73%) reported receiving ‘general advice’, while interactions related to goal setting, monitoring, and relapse prevention were least commonly reported (all <20%). Self-reported achievement of the recommended physical activity level was significantly associated with recall of GP interactions involving praise for ‘efforts to be active’ (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.53), ‘lost weight’ (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.05 to 3.12) or lowering ‘glucose levels as a result of being active’ (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.96).ConclusionsFindings suggest GPs can be somewhat effective in promoting physical activity with simple, positive, reinforcing messages/interactions. Future research to develop and evaluate very brief primary care BCT-based physical activity interventions is needed.
Characteristics and short-term outcomes of young women with acute myocardial infarction in Malaysia: a retrospective analysis from the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Database registry
Authors: Venkatason Padmaa , Zubairi Yong Z , Zaharan Nur Lisa , Wan Ahmad Wan Azman , Hafidz Muhammad Imran , Ismail Muhammad Dzafir , Hadi Mohd Firdaus , Md Sari Norashikin , Zuhdi Ahmad Syadi Mahmood 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveYoung women form a minority but an important group of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) as it can potentially cause devastating physical and socioeconomic impact. This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of young women with MI in Malaysia.DesignThis is a retrospective analysis of women with ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI) from 18 hospitals across Malaysia using the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Database registry–acute coronary syndrome (NCVD-ACS).ParticipantsWomen patients diagnosed with acute MI from year 2006 to 2013 were identified and divided into young (age ≤ 45, n=292) and older women (age >45, n=5580).Primary outcome measureComparison of demographics, clinical characteristics and in-hospital management was performed between young and older women. In-hospital and 30-day all-cause mortality were examined.ResultsYoung women (mean age 39±4.68) made up 5% of women with MI and were predominantly of Malay ethnicities (53.8%). They have a higher tendency to present as STEMI compared with older women. Young women have significantly higher rates of family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) (20.5% vs 7.8% p<0.0001). The prevalence of risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia was high in both groups. The primary reperfusion strategy was thrombolysis with no significant differences observed in the choice of intervention for both groups. Other than aspirin, rates of prescriptions for evidence-based medications were similar with >80% prescribed statins and aspirin. The all-cause mortality rates of young women were lower for both in-hospital and 30 days, especially in those with STEMI with adjusted mortality ratio to the older group, was 1:9.84.ConclusionYoung women with MI were over-represented by Malays and those with a family history of premature CAD. Preventive measures are needed to reduce cardiovascular risks in young women. Although in-hospital management was similar, short-term mortality outcomes favoured young compared with older women.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence and prevalence and 30-year trend of inflammatory bowel diseases in Asia: a study protocol
Authors: Safarpour Ali Reza , Mehrabi Manoosh , Keshtkar Abbasali , Edjtehadi Fardad , Bagheri Lankarani Kamran 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionInflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) and inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified (IBDU), are debilitating conditions that are rapidly growing in developing countries. Given the absence of a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis containing a rigorous pooled estimate of incidence and prevalence of UC, CD and IBDU, this study was conducted to determine the incidence and prevalence of these conditions in Asia and their 30-year trend.Methods and analysisBased on predefined criteria, electronic databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, WoS (Clarivate Analytics), Embase and Google Scholar, and some databases pertaining to Asian countries will be searched for population-based cross-sectional studies and the baseline data and final reports of population-based cohort studies involving paediatric and adult patients, with no language restrictions, from 1 January 1988 to 30 December 2018. Any disagreement in the stages of screening, selecting, quality assessment and data extraction between the two independent reviewers will be resolved by consensus, and if the disagreement is not resolved, a third expert opinion will be sought. The combination method will be used based on methodological similarities in the included studies by the Fixed Effect Model or the Random Effect Model. Forest plots will be plotted for all the studies to show the separated and pooled incidence and prevalence and their corresponding 95% CIs. The Q-statistic test and I2statistic will be used to assess statistical heterogeneity. Funnel plots will be used to assess potential reporting bias and nonsignificant study effect. Begg’s and Egger’s tests will also be performed, and significant results (p>0.1) shall suggest a publication bias, in which case the ‘trim and fill’ method will be used. The time trends for UC, CD and IBDU will be calculated using a cumulative meta-analysis.Ethics and disseminationSince this review will use previously published studies, it will not require the consent of an Ethics Committee. The results will be prepared and disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented in relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019131477.
Timing of secondhand smoke, pet, dampness or mould exposure and lung function in adolescence
Authors: Milanzi Edith B , Koppelman Gerard H , Smit Henriette A , Wijga Alet H , Vonk Judith M , Brunekreef Bert , Gehring Ulrike 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe relevance of timing of exposure in the associations of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS), pets, and dampness or mould exposure with lung function is unclear. We investigated the relevance of timing of these exposures for lung function in adolescence.MethodsWe used data from participants of the Dutch Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) cohort with spirometric measurements at ages 12 and 16 years (n=552). Data on residential exposure to SHS, pets, and dampness or mould were obtained by repeated parental questionnaires. We characterised timing of exposure through longitudinal patterns using latent class growth modelling and assessed associations of these patterns with FEV1 and FVC at ages 12 and 16 and FEV1 and FVC growth between ages 12 and 16 using linear regression models.ResultsChildhood SHS exposure was associated with reduced FEV1 growth/year (95% CI) (−0.34% (−0.64% to −0.04%)). Late childhood and early life pet exposure was associated with increased FEV1 growth (0.41% (0.14% to 0.67%)) and reduced FVC growth (−0.28% (−0.53% to −0.03%)), respectively, compared with very low exposure. Early life dampness or mould exposure was associated with reduced lung function growth. All time windows of SHS exposure tended to be associated with lower attained lung function and pet exposure tended to be associated with higher FEV1.ConclusionSHS exposure during childhood could lead to reduced lung function growth and lower attained lung function in adolescence. While pet exposure in late childhood may not adversely affect lung function, early childhood pet exposure may slow down FVC growth in adolescence.