bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune‐mediated panniculitis, folliculitis and vasculitis in a young Shar‐Pei dog treated using a multimodal approach with hyperbaric oxygen, pentoxifylline and corticosteroids
Authors: Fuller Brenley D. , Berger Ashton C. , Fisher Corey J. , Rodrigues Hoffmann Aline , Wolf Jacob 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA 16‐month‐old, neutered, male Shar‐Pei with historic Shar‐Pei autoinflammatory disease presented afebrile and with multifocal pustulated to ulcerative lesions on the hindlimbs. Histological evaluation of skin biopsies revealed severe, multifocal necrosuppurative and fibrinous panniculitis, dermatitis and folliculitis with fibrosis, and multifocal vasculitis. The wounds responded well to immunosuppressive prednisone, pentoxifylline, antimicrobials, intensive wound care and hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The steroids were tapered over 4 weeks, and the dog's wounds were fully resolved 8 weeks after discharge; however, he has continued to have recurrent flare ups of Shar‐Pei autoinflammatory disease that respond to short courses of anti‐inflammatory steroids.
Multi‐scale habitat selection and nest survival of whinchats and stonechats: implications for grassland conservation management
Authors: Küblbeck Martin , Weiß Ingo , Korner-Nievergelt Fränzi , Korschefsky Tim , Liebel Heiko , Goymann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2024

Effective management for endangered grassland birds requires a sound understanding of habitat requirements and factors shaping reproductive success. We studied multi‐level habitat selection of endangered whinchats Saxicola rubetra and locally increasing stonechats Saxicola rubicola in a nature reserve using Sentinel‐2 images, LiDAR data, and habitat variables measured onsite. We monitored nest fates, and estimated how the causes of nest mortality varied with nest initiation date. Further, we analyzed how nest‐site selection, precipitation, nest initiation date, and nest age influenced daily nest survival.At the landscape‐ and site‐level, both species primarily selected for territories in lightly farmed meadows. However, stonechats appeared to be less specialized and used most available habitat types. Within home‐ranges, both species selected for nest‐sites in fallow patches, but in contrast to stonechats, whinchats also selected for large viewsheds.In both species, the main causes of nest failure were predation by red foxes Vulpes vulpes, weather‐related factors, and nest desertion. In whinchats, the probability of nest desertion increased and predation risk decreased with nest initiation date, possibly due to better nest concealment in the later season. Daily nest survival decreased with nest age and precipitation in both species, and increased with nest initiation date in whinchats. None of the habitat variables examined were positively linked to daily nest survival, and viewshed was negatively related to whinchat daily nest survival.Our study suggests that extending core habitat may help to promote settlement and potentially reproductive success of whinchats. However, as habitat selection was not positively associated with daily nest survival, land management measures alone might not be sufficient to halt rapid population declines. To effectively conserve whinchats and other grassland bird populations, the causes of nest failures must be identified and addressed. Within the examined reserve and similar habitats, flood management and predator control may yield the biggest short‐term conservation gains.
Indian Pangolin in Lamjung Requires Urgent Attention
Authors: Neupane Asmit , Pandit Kirtan , Regmi Krishika , Neupane Bijaya , Dhakal Anisha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Indian pangolin is an endangered mammal in Nepal, with minimal research on its distribution, population, and habitat, especially compared to the Chinese pangolin. This study aimed to document the presence of Indian pangolin in Lamjung District, Nepal, and public perceptions toward the species. A preliminary field visit identified potential sites in Rainas municipality. Three transects were established and one active and two inactive burrows of Indian pangolin were found. They occurred at an elevation of 530 m in areas with moderate crown and ground cover (26%–50%), a 25° slope, and predominantly red soil, which indicate habitat that is well‐suited for the Indian pangolin. Past rescue operations and confirmed sightings by villagers with a keen interest in species conservation further supports the presence of Indian pangolin in the area. These findings underscore the need for further studies, strategic planning, and conservation measures for the long‐term survival of this endangered species.
Guidelines to Reduce Invasive Fire Ant Interference of Small Mammal Trapping
Authors: Carey Kathleen A. , McDonald Brandon W. , Pietras Adele , Postowski Anastasia M. , Cove Michel V. , Baruzzi Carolina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMethods to study small mammals often involve using baited live traps. Bait choice can affect detection of target and nontarget species. Red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) consume bait and potentially prey upon small mammals in these traps. To address this issue, we set up an experiment evaluating which combinations of five bait types and ant spray influenced ant presence. We set up 200 live traps in 5 × 10 arrays across four sandhill sites. Traps were randomly assigned a bait type (n = 40) and half were sprayed with insecticide (perimeter and underneath) to serve as a control (n = 100). We checked traps over a 4‐day period, recording ant presence and small mammal captures. Ant presence significantly decreased with insecticide, and diluted vanilla spray had the lowest ant presence irrespective of ant spray. This study offers a solution to deter fire ants when trapping small mammals, even where chemical use is discouraged.
Shear forces heat generation in MHD uniform flow of nanoliquid across a stretchable surface through Darcy medium
Authors: Ahmed Awais , Khattak Shahzad , Alrihieli Haifaa F. , Saidani Taoufik , Algethami Abdullah A. , Elkotb Mohamed Abdelghany 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe production of high‐quality polymers greatly relies on the flow mechanism of liquid with thermal characteristics. Thus, the prediction of specific flow and thermal transport rate is important here. So, a uniform flow of viscous nanofluid over a bilateral, linearly stretching, flat, heated surface with the effect of medium porosity and magnetic field is studied in this theoretical investigation. A two‐phase model for the nanofluid is employed to improve the thermal characteristics of fluid flow with heat generation via shear forces in the system. The proposed physical model is analyzed through the similarity analysis and numerical computations with various physical parameters such as the velocity ratio parameter, magnetic number, and so forth. The built‐in function of the MATLAB bvp5c is used to find the numerical solution of the governing set of equations. All the findings of the simulation for the fluid flow under thermal and mass concentration influence are justified with reliable physical reasoning. Variation in the flow field is observed for both the magnetic and porosity parameters between the surface stretching and free stream velocity as well as for different values of velocity ratio parameters. Moreover, heat transport rate and fluid friction at surface to fluid are also calculated in view of numeric data given in tabulated form.
Investigation of heat and mass transfer on unsteady MHD flow through a porous medium past an exponentially accelerated plate with stratification effects
Authors: Rabha Rakesh , Deka Rudra Kanta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research analyzes the effects of heat and mass transfer on unsteady magnetohydrodynamics fluid flow through a porous material along a vertical plate that accelerates exponentially and has both thermal and mass stratification. We find the solutions to the system's governing equations by employing the Laplace transformation approach and graphs are produced by implementing MATLAB software. The unique aspect of this problem is that we find the precise solution by applying the extremely effective Laplace transform approach, which yields an error‐free exact answer. The effect of flow variables on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are illustrated using graphs. The results show that when the magnetic field parameters are raised, there is a corresponding increase in temperature and decrease in velocity. As the permeability parameter increases velocity profile increases, temperature and concentration profiles decreases. The need to better understand fluid flow in a variety of engineering and environmental contexts—such as geothermal energy extraction, thermal management, chemical processing industries, and environmental control technologies—could be the driving force behind this study. Understanding flow mechanisms in both natural and artificially created porous environments is improved by this innovative method.
Fully convolutional networks for velocity-field predictions based on the wall heat flux in turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Guastoni Luca , Balasubramanian Arivazhagan G. , Foroozan Firoozeh , Güemes Alejandro , Ianiro Andrea , Discetti Stefano , Schlatter Philipp , Azizpour Hossein , Vinuesa Ricardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fully-convolutional neural networks (FCN) were proven to be effective for predicting the instantaneous state of a fully-developed turbulent flow at different wall-normal locations using quantities measured at the wall. In Guastoni et al. (J Fluid Mech 928:A27, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.812), we focused on wall-shear-stress distributions as input, which are difficult to measure in experiments. In order to overcome this limitation, we introduce a model that can take as input the heat-flux field at the wall from a passive scalar. Four different Prandtl numbers

$$Pr = \nu /\alpha = (1,2,4,6)$$

P
r
=
ν
/
α
=
(
1
,
2
,
4
,
6
)

are considered (where

$$\nu $$

ν

is the kinematic viscosity and

$$\alpha $$

α

is the thermal diffusivity of the scalar quantity). A turbulent boundary layer is simulated since accurate heat-flux measurements can be performed in experimental settings: first we train the network on aptly-modified DNS data and then we fine-tune it on the experimental data. Finally, we test our network on experimental data sampled in a water tunnel. These predictions represent the first application of transfer learning on experimental data of neural networks trained on simulations. This paves the way for the implementation of a non-intrusive sensing approach for the flow in practical applications.
Data-driven analysis of bonding strength in laser-structured metal-GFRP hybrid joints via groove morphology
Authors: Choi Jun Young , Kim Geun Young , Kim Do Hoi , Yoon Narae , Han Amy Kyungwon , Ahn Sung-Hoon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aims to enhance predictions of the mechanical properties of mechanically interlocked hybrid joints by employing machine learning techniques coupled with feature engineering of cross-sectional groove morphology. Unlike mechanical fastening, which promotes localized stress, and adhesive bonding, which requires prolonged contaminant removal, mechanically interlocked joints offer a distinct advantage by eliminating the need for either. The mechanically interlocked joints in this study combine glass fiber reinforced composite fabricated via injection molding, with cold rolled steel structured by a nanosecond laser. Through optical microscopy, crucial groove dimensions such as depth and width are identified for feature extraction. Domain-specific feature engineering is employed to improve predictive accuracy, integrated with existing regression models. The concept of “structure density,” initially defined as groove width over hatch distance, is expanded during feature engineering to include additional relevant features over hatch distance. Experimental investigations identified optimal laser parameters for shear strength, yielding a maximum single lap shear strength of 33.3 MPa under specific conditions. The third polynomial regression model incorporating structure density features emerged as the most effective in predicting shear strength, demonstrating high accuracy in both interpolation and extrapolation scenarios. The study suggests potential cost savings by utilizing surface topography for shear strength prediction, with implications for industries amidst the increasing prevalence of composite materials.
Cellular mechanisms of copper neurotoxicity in human, differentiated neurons
Authors: Witt Barbara , Friese Sharleen , Walther Vanessa , Ebert Franziska , Bornhorst Julia , Schwerdtle Tanja 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element involved in fundamental physiological processes in the human body. Even slight disturbances in the physiological Cu homeostasis are associated with the manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases. While suggesting a crucial role of Cu in the pathogenesis, the exact mechanisms of Cu neurotoxicity involved in the onset and progression of neurological diseases are far from understood. This study focuses on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of Cu-mediated neurotoxicity in human brain cells. First, the cytotoxic potential of Cu was studied in fully differentiated, human neurons (LUHMES cells). Lysosomal integrity was considerably affected following incubation with 420 µM CuSO4 for 48 h. Further mechanistic studies revealed mitochondria and neuronal network as most susceptible target organelles (already at 100 µM CuSO4, 48 h), while the generation of reactive oxygen species turned out to be a rather later consequence of Cu toxicity. Besides Cu, the homeostasis of other elements might be involved and are likely to contribute to the pathology of Cu-mediated neurological disorders. Besides Cu, also effects on the cellular levels of magnesium, calcium, iron, and manganese were observed in the neurons, presumably aggravating the consequences of Cu neurotoxicity. In conclusion, insights in the underlying mode of action will foster the development of treatment strategies against Cu-mediated neurological diseases. Particularly, the interplay of Cu with other elements might provide a powerful diagnostic tool and might be used as therapeutic approach.
Modelling the rise of invasive lionfish in the Mediterranean
Authors: Mitchell Emma , Dominguez Almela Victoria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe spread of the Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois miles into the Atlantic Ocean represents a well-known example of a successful invasion. Lionfish have successfully invaded the Atlantic, aided by biological traits such as high thermal tolerance, adaptability to various salinities, high fecundity, conspicuous defences and generalist feeding habits. The Mediterranean Sea is now experiencing an early-stage lionfish invasion, spreading westward from the eastern Mediterranean, likely through the Suez Canal. Using ecological niche modelling under various climate scenarios, we predict the potential spread of lionfish, identifying regions from low to high habitat suitability. Predictions indicate significant expansion, especially in the eastern and central Mediterranean, under greater warming scenarios. This expansion could lead to substantial declines in native species, decimation of commercially important fish stocks and trophic cascades, severely impacting local economies and marine biodiversity. Urgent understanding and management of lionfish impacts in the Mediterranean are essential, given their established presence in the western Atlantic and documented ecological consequences.
Improved recombinant expression of soluble cathepsin B and L in Escherichia coli
Authors: Möller Christina , Rimkus Niklas , Skala Ferdinand F. O. , Merouze Maëlle , Böttcher Dominique , Dörr Mark , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins such as cathepsin B and L play an important role in numerous diseases like acute pancreatitis or SARS-CoV-2 and therefore have high potential for the development of new therapeutics. To be able to screen for potent and selective inhibitors sufficient amounts of protein are required. Here, we present an easy and efficient protocol for the recombinant expression of soluble and active murine cathepsin B and L. For this, we used the strain E. coli SHuffle® T7 Express which is capable of forming disulfide bridges in the cytoplasm. The enzymes were purified by immobilized nickel ion-affinity chromatography. Using different constructs and media, expression levels were significantly improved and expression yields of 80 ± 2 mg L−1 for procathepsin B, which is 16-fold better than previously reported expression yields for procathepsin B, and 37 ± 2 mg L−1 for procathepsin L, were achieved. After activation with dithiothreitol at slightly acidic pH, in vitro kinetic parameters of both cathepsins were determined using the commonly used synthetic substrates Arg-Arg-AMC or Phe-Arg-AMC. Moreover, to investigate the impact of the short C-terminal propeptide of procathepsin B, it was deleted by site-directed mutagenesis, the shortened target protein was expressed and purified, activated in vitro, and its activity was similar to the variant bearing this C-terminal propeptide.

Key points
• Recombinant gene expression of cathepsin B and L in E. coli SHuffle® T7 Express
• Soluble cathepsin expression with high expression yields
• Investigation of the short C-terminal propeptide of cathepsin B
Smartphone Technology for Applications in Image-Guided Minimally Invasive Interventional Procedures
Authors: Lee Katerina , Muniyandi Pournika , Li Ming , Saccenti Laetitia , Christou Anna , Xu Sheng , Wood Bradford J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Smartphones contain powerful and enabling technology components that can be re-applied toward procedural tasks commonly used in everyday clinical image-guided therapies and minimally invasive procedures that use three-dimensional information and feedback during procedures. Smartphone applications are a relatively young field of research that have potential in interventional radiology (IR) toward improvement of accuracy and standardization for needle-based procedures like biopsy and ablation. This review explores the adaptation of smartphones’ built-in sensors for virtual and augmented reality uses in IR. The ergonomic advantages and translational hurdles and limitations are reviewed, outlining the potential future developmental pathway of smartphones in IR.
Inter-organ communication: pathways and targets to cardioprotection and neuro-protection. A report from the 12th Hatter Cardiovascular Institute workshop
Authors: Pearce L. , Galán-Arriola C. , Bell R. M. , Carr R. D. , Cunningham J. , Davidson S. M. , Ghosh A. K. , Giesz S. , Golforoush P. , Gourine A. V. , Hermann D. M. , Heusch G. , Ibanez B. , Kalkhoran S. Beikoghli , Lecour S. , Lukhna K. , Ntsekhe M. , Sack M. N. , Unwin R. J. , Vilahur G. , Walker J. M. , Yellon D. M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA long-standing aim in the setting of various pathologies including acute myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and ischaemic stroke, has been to identify successful approaches to augment cellular and organ protection. Although the continual evolution and refinement of ideas over the past few decades has allowed the field to progress, we are yet to realise successful clinical translation of this concept. The 12th Hatter Cardiovascular Workshop identified a number of important points and key questions for future research relating to cardio- and neuro-protection and interorgan communication. Specific topics that were discussed include the ‘cardio-metabolic-renal’ axis of organ protection, the parasympathetic signalling hypothesis, the role of the coronary microvasculature in myocardial infarction, the RISK pathway of cardioprotection, extracellular vesicles and the way forward, the future for clinical studies of remote ischaemic conditioning, and new experimental models for cardio-oncology investigations.
Direct anterior vs other surgical approaches in patients with lumbar stiffness undergoing total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Leibovitch Liron , Machinski Elcio , Fernandes André , Park Jae Yong , Souza Gabriel , Sayudo Iqbal F. , Warschawski Yaniv , Gusmao Caio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The effectiveness of the direct anterior approach (DAA) compared to other surgical approaches for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with lumbar spine stiffness remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare clinical outcomes, including dislocation rates and other complications, between DAA and other surgical approaches for THA in patients with lumbar spine stiffness.

Materials and methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the DAA with other surgical approaches (anterolateral, direct lateral, posterolateral and direct superior) in patients with lumbar spine stiffness undergoing THA. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases for cohort studies and randomized controlled trials and calculated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess dislocation rates.

Results
This analysis included 11 non-randomized studies comprising 2505 patients, of whom 738 patients (29.4%) underwent THA via DAA. The results demonstrated that the DAA group had significantly reduced dislocation rates (RR 0.31, 95% CI 0.14–0.67, P = 0.003, I2 = 0%) compared to other surgical approaches. Subgroup analysis showed significantly lower dislocation rates in DAA patients versus those undergoing the posterior approach (RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.10–0.52, P = 0.001, I2 = 0%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in dislocation rates between DAA and the lateral approach (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.19–1.47, P = 0.22, I2 = 0%), although the rate was numerically lower.

Conclusion
The DAA was associated with lower dislocation rates compared to other surgical techniques in patients with lumbar spine stiffness undergoing THA.