bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and associated factors of undernutrition (underweight and stunting) among school adolescent girls in Hawzen Woreda (District), Tigray regional state, Northern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Berhe Kidanemaryam , Gebremariam Gebrehiwot 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThere is a lack of evidence concerning undernutrition (underweight and stunting) among adolescent girls in the study area, therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among adolescent girls in Hawzen woreda, Northern Ethiopia.ResultsThis study found that 32.2% and 33.2% of school adolescent girls were underweight and stunted respectively. Illiterate fathers were higher among underweight adolescent girls as compared to those normal-weight adolescent girls (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI; 1.1, 1.7). Underweight adolescents were higher among low-grade level adolescents (grade 4–8) as compared to grade 9–12 adolescents (AOR = 2, 95% CI; 1.4, 2.6). Unemployed mothers were higher among stunted adolescent girls as compared to the counterpart (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI; 1.1, 3.3). It would be good to consider the above-mentioned factors during the nutritional intervention of adolescents.
Staphylococcus aureus pigmentation is not controlled by Hfq
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Boudry Pierre , Bohn Chantal , Bouloc Philippe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
The golden color of Staphylococcus aureus is due to the synthesis of carotenoid pigments. In Gram-negative bacteria, Hfq is a global posttranscriptional regulator, but its function in S. aureus remains obscure. The absence of Hfq in S. aureus was reported to correlate with production of carotenoid pigment leading to the conclusion that Hfq was a negative regulator of the yellow color. However, we reported the construction of hfq mutants in several S. aureus strains and never noticed any color change; we therefore revisited the question of Hfq implication in S. aureus pigmentation.

Results
The absence or accumulation of Hfq does not affect S. aureus pigmentation.
On the existence of solutions of a set-valued functional integral equation of Volterra–Stieltjes type and some applications
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed Mohamed , Al-Issa Shorouk Mahmoud 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the existence of continuous solutions of a set-valued functional integral equation of Volterra–Stieltjes type. The continuous dependence of the solution on the set of selections of the set-valued function will be proven. As an application, we study the existence of solutions to an initial-value problem of arbitrary fractional-order differential inclusion.
A reduced order extrapolating technique of solution coefficient vectors to collocation spectral method for telegraph equation
Authors: Wang Hui , He Qingfang , Luo Zhendong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we mainly develop a reduced order extrapolating model for the solution coefficient vectors of the classical collocation spectral (CCS) scheme to the two-dimensional (2D) telegraph equation by means of a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Therefore, we first present the CCS scheme, offer the existence, stability, and error estimates to the SC solutions, and rewrite the CCS scheme into a matrix-form. We then build a reduced order extrapolating collocation spectral (ROECS) model and analyze the existence and stability as well as errors of the ROECS solutions by some matrix tools. We finally verify the reliability and validity of the ROECS model by means of two sets of numerical simulations for the magnetic field produced by two parallel wires with the same voltage.
Reducing the burden of iron deficiency anemia in Cote D’Ivoire through fortification
Authors: Prieto-Patron Alberto , V. Hutton Zsuzsa , Fattore Giovanni , Sabatier Magalie , Detzel Patrick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is highly prevalent in the Cote d’Ivoire and has severe health and economic consequences. In this paper, we apply a health economic model to quantify the burden of IDA, and the contribution of nationwide mandatory iron fortification of wheat flour and voluntary iron fortification of condiments to the reduction of this burden.MethodsThe analysis for the population from 6 months to 64 years builds on published reviews and publicly available datasets and is stratified by age-groups and socioeconomic strata using comparative risk assessment model.ResultsWithout the impact of these fortification strategies, the annual burden of IDA is estimated at 242,100 disability adjusted life years (DALYs) and 978.1 million USD. Wheat flour and condiment fortification contributed to a reduction of the IDA burden by approximately 5% each.ConclusionIn places with high prevalence of malaria and other infectious diseases, such as the Côte D’Ivoire, food fortification as a nutritional intervention should be accompanied with infectious disease prevention and control. The findings of this study provide additional input for policy makers about the magnitude of the impact and can support the conception of future fortification strategies.
Reported measles cases, measles-related deaths and measles vaccination coverage in Myanmar from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Thar Aye Mya Chan , Wai Khin Thet , Harries Anthony D. , Show Kyaw Lwin , Mon Lei Lei , Lin Htar Htar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
There is a global resurgence of measles, consequent upon worldwide stagnating measles vaccination coverage. The study aim was to document trends and characteristics of reported cases of measles, measles-related deaths, and measles vaccination coverage (MCV1—first dose of measles-containing vaccine and MCV2—second dose of measles-containing vaccine) at national and sub-national level in Myanmar over a five year period between 2014 and 2018.

Methods
This was a descriptive study using routine data collected and submitted to the Expanded Programme on Immunization.

Results
Between 2014 and 2018, there were 2673 measles cases of which 2272 (85%) occurred in 2017 and 2018. Five adjacent regions in lower Myanmar were the most affected: in 2017 and 2018, these regions reported 1647 (73%) of the 2272 measles cases in the country. Overall, 73% of measles cases were laboratory confirmed, 21% were epidemiologically linked, and 6% were clinically compatible (clinical diagnosis only), with more laboratory confirmed cases in recent years. Annual measles-related deaths were either zero or one except in 2016 when there were 21 deaths, all occurring in one remote village. In the recent years, the most commonly affected age groups were 0–8 months, 9 months to 4 years, and ≥ 15 years. Among 1907 measles cases with known vaccination status, only 22% had been vaccinated and 70% of those had only received one dose of vaccine. Annual MCV1 coverage nationally varied from 83 to 93% while annual MCV2 coverage nationally varied from 78 to 87%, with no clear trends over the years. Between 2014 and 2018, a high proportion of the 330 townships had MCV coverage < 95%. Over 80% of measles cases were reported from townships that had MCV coverage < 95%.

Conclusion
There have been a large number of measles cases in recent years associated with sub-optimal measles vaccine coverage. Myanmar has already conducted supplemental immunization activities in October and November, 2019. Myanmar also needs to improve routine immunization services and targeted responses to measles outbreaks.
RANKL biology: bone metabolism, the immune system, and beyond
Authors: Ono Takehito , Hayashi Mikihito , Sasaki Fumiyuki , Nakashima Tomoki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReceptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) induces the differentiation of monocyte/macrophage–lineage cells into the bone–resorbing cells called osteoclasts. Because abnormalities in RANKL, its signaling receptor RANK, or decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) lead to bone diseases such as osteopetrosis, the RANKL/RANK/OPG system is essential for bone resorption. RANKL was first discovered as a T cell-derived activator of dendritic cells (DCs) and has many functions in the immune system, including organogenesis, cellular development. The essentiality of RANKL in the bone and the immune systems lies at the root of the field of “osteoimmunology.” Furthermore, this cytokine functions beyond the domains of bone metabolism and the immune system, e.g., mammary gland and hair follicle formation, body temperature regulation, muscle metabolism, and tumor development. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of the functions of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in biological processes.
Two cases of perforated corneal ulcers complicating rheumatoid arthritis treated successfully by biological therapy
Authors: Benchérifa Sara , Amine Bouchra , El Binoune Imane , Rostom Samira , Bahiri Rachid 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) is a severe inflammatory ocular disease that can affect patients with a long history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The use of biotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of the RA and has provided encouraging outcomes especially in the treatment of PUK reported in few cases. In this article, we describe the case of two patients with the history of perforated corneal ulcer complicating RA treated successfully by biologic agents.

Case presentation
Case 1: A 45-year-old woman was diagnosed for over 17 years with sero-positive RA refractory to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). She had received one cycle of Rituximab with clinical and biological failure. In July 2017, she presented an active RA flare with a painful left eye and a decreased visual acuity. Ocular examination revealed a corneal perforation in the left eye and a pre-perforation in the right eye. She received an emergency bolus of methylprednisolone 1 g/day during three consecutive days and was followed by Infliximab. After thirteen months, Infliximab was effective on the rheumatic disease and on the corneal involvement as it stopped its gradual perforation in the right eye, and stabilized corneal ulcer in the left eye.
Case 2: A 68-year-old man had been diagnosed since 2010 with sero-positive RA refractory to csDMARDs complicated in July 2017 by corneal perforation in the right eye. He was hospitalized for his ocular involvement and his active RA. He received an emergency bolus of methylprednisolone 500 mg/day during three consecutive days and was followed by Rituximab. After six months, we observed the stabilization of the right eye corneal damage and the resolution of articular symptoms.

Conclusions
Our cases suggest the efficacy of Infliximab (case 1) and Rituximab (case 2) as a treatment of this severe and destructive keratolysis of the cornea complicating an active RA allowing to plan corneal graft. This positive therapeutic response will contribute to increase literature reports of this therapy success.
FX11 limits Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth and potentiates bactericidal activity of isoniazid through host-directed activity
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Gopinath , Kaiser Peggy , Abu Abed Ulrike , Weiner January , Moura-Alves Pedro , Brinkmann Volker , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) mediates interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, and increased lactate turnover is exhibited by malignant and infected immune cells. Hypoxic lung granuloma in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected animals present elevated levels of Ldha and lactate. Such alterations in the metabolic milieu could influence the outcome of host-M. tuberculosis interactions. Given the central role of LDHA for tumorigenicity, targeting lactate metabolism is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Here, we sought to determine the importance of LDHA for tuberculosis (TB) disease progression and its potential as a target for host-directed therapy. To this end, we orally administered FX11, a known small-molecule NADH-competitive LDHA inhibitor, to M. tuberculosis-infected C57BL/6J mice and Nos2−/− mice with hypoxic necrotizing lung TB lesions. FX11 did not inhibit M. tuberculosis growth in aerobic/hypoxic liquid culture, but modestly reduced the pulmonary bacterial burden in C57BL/6J mice. Intriguingly, FX11 administration limited M. tuberculosis replication and onset of necrotic lung lesions in Nos2−/− mice. In this model, isoniazid (INH) monotherapy has been known to exhibit biphasic killing kinetics owing to the probable selection of an INH-tolerant bacterial subpopulation. However, adjunct FX11 treatment corrected this adverse effect and resulted in sustained bactericidal activity of INH against M. tuberculosis. As a limitation, LDHA inhibition as an underlying cause of FX11-mediated effect could not be established as the on-target effect of FX11 in vivo was unconfirmed. Nevertheless, this proof-of-concept study encourages further investigation on the underlying mechanisms of LDHA inhibition and its significance in TB pathogenesis.
Improving translatability of preclinical studies for neuromuscular disorders: lessons from the TREAT-NMD Advisory Committee for Therapeutics (TACT)
Authors: Willmann Raffaella , Lee Joanne , Turner Cathy , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Aartsma-Rus Annemieke , Wells Dominic J. , Wagner Kathryn R. , Csimma Cristina , Straub Volker , Grounds Miranda D. , De Luca Annamaria 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Clinical trials for rare neuromuscular diseases imply, among other investments, a high emotional burden for the whole disease community. Translation of data from preclinical studies to justify any clinical trial must be carefully pondered in order to minimize the risk of clinical trial withdrawal or failure. A rigorous distinction between proof-of-concept and preclinical efficacy studies using animal models is key to support the rationale of a clinical trial involving patients. This Review evaluates the experience accumulated by the TREAT-NMD Advisory Committee for Therapeutics, which provides detailed constructive feedback on clinical proposals for neuromuscular diseases submitted by researchers in both academia and industry, and emphasizes that a timely critical review of preclinical efficacy data from animal models, including biomarkers for specific diseases, combined with adherence to existing guidelines and standard protocols, can significantly help to de-risk clinical programs and prevent disappointments and costly engagement.
Investigation on compatibility of PLA/PBAT blends modified by epoxy-terminated branched polymers through chemical micro-crosslinking
Authors: Wang Bo , Jin Yujuan , Kang Kai’er , Yang Nan , Weng Yunxuan , Huang Zhigang , Men Shuang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, a type of epoxy-terminated branched polymer (ETBP) was used as an interface compati- bilizer to modify the poly lactic acid (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) (70/30) blends. Upon addition of ETBP, the difference in glass transition temperature between PLA and PBAT became smaller. By adding 3.0 phr of ETBP, the elongation at break of the PLA/PBAT blends was found increased from 45.8% to 272.0%; the impact strength increased from 26.2 kJ·m−2 to 45.3 kJ·m−2. In SEM analysis, it was observed that the size of the dispersed PBAT particle decreased with the increasing of ETBP content. These results indicated that the compatibility between PLA and PBAT can be effectively enhanced by using ETBP as the modifier. The modification mechanism was discussed in detail. It proposes that both physical and chemical micro-crosslinking were formed, the latter of which was confirmed by gel content analysis.
Alpha Rhythms Reveal When and Where Item and Associative Memories Are Retrieved
Authors: Martín-Buro María Carmen , Wimber Maria , Henson Richard N. , Staresina Bernhard P. 
Published: February 2020

Memories for past experiences can range from vague recognition to full-blown recall of associated details. Electroencephalography has shown that recall signals unfold a few hundred milliseconds after simple recognition, but has only provided limited insights into the underlying brain networks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has revealed a “core recollection network” (CRN) centered on posterior parietal and medial temporal lobe regions, but the temporal dynamics of these regions during retrieval remain largely unknown. Here we used Magnetoencephalography in a memory paradigm assessing correct rejection (CR) of lures, item recognition (IR) and associative recall (AR) in human participants of both sexes. We found that power decreases in the alpha frequency band (10–12 Hz) systematically track different mnemonic outcomes in both time and space: Over left posterior sensors, alpha power decreased in a stepwise fashion from 500 ms onward, first from CR to IR and then from IR to AR. When projecting alpha power into source space, the CRN known from fMRI studies emerged, including posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and hippocampus. While PPC showed a monotonic change across conditions, hippocampal effects were specific to recall. These region-specific effects were corroborated by a separate fMRI dataset. Importantly, alpha power time courses revealed a temporal dissociation between item and associative memory in hippocampus and PPC, with earlier AR effects in hippocampus. Our data thus link engagement of the CRN to the temporal dynamics of episodic memory and highlight the role of alpha rhythms in revealing when and where different types of memories are retrieved.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur ability to remember ranges from the vague feeling of familiarity to vivid recollection of associated details. Scientific understanding of episodic memory thus far relied upon separate lines of research focusing on either temporal (via electroencephalography) or spatial (via functional magnetic resonance imaging) dimensions. However, both techniques have limitations that have hindered understanding of when and where memories are retrieved. Capitalizing on the enhanced temporal and spatial resolution of magnetoencephalography, we show that changes in alpha power reveal both when and where different types of memory are retrieved. Having access to the temporal and spatial characteristics of successful retrieval provided new insights into the cross-regional dynamics in the hippocampus and parietal cortex.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Impact of Oophorectomy for Ovarian Metastases from Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ursem Carling , Zhou Margaret , Paciorek Alan , Atreya Chloe E. , Ko Andrew H. , Venook Alan , Zhang Li , Van Loon Katherine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
As survival with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and imaging modalities improve, detection of ovarian metastases may be increasing. The ovary may serve as a sanctuary site for malignant cells; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the role for oophorectomy.

Methods
This is a single-institution retrospective study of patients with CRC with ovarian metastases from 2009 to 2017. We evaluated patient, disease, and treatment related factors associated with overall survival (OS) from initial diagnosis of metastatic CRC.

Results
Of 108 patients assessed, the median age was 50, 19% had localized disease at initial presentation, 64% had ovarian metastases at initial CRC diagnosis, and 77% underwent oophorectomy. Median OS was 29.6 months across all patients, and it was 36.7 months in patients who underwent oophorectomy versus 25.0 months in patients who did not (hazard ratio [HR] 0.54). In multivariate analysis, the effect of oophorectomy on OS suggested protection but was not statistically significant (HR 0.57). Resection of primary tumor was performed in 71% of patients, which was independently associated with improved OS (HR 0.21). Twelve patients (11%) remained alive at 5 years after diagnosis of metastatic disease.

Conclusion
Although it has been previously reported that patients with CRC with ovarian metastases have poor prognosis, the median OS for this cohort was comparable to existing OS data for patients with metastatic CRC. In patients treated with chemotherapy, we did not find the ovarian metastasis to frequently serve as a sanctuary site of disease. However, we found that in carefully selected patients, oophorectomy may confer a survival benefit.

Implications for Practice
In colorectal cancer (CRC) ovarian metastasis is not necessarily associated with worse prognosis than metastasis to other sites. In carefully selected patients with ovarian metastases from CRC, oophorectomy may confer a survival benefit. Specifically, development of ovarian metastasis early in the disease course, resection of the primary tumor, and limited extraovarian metastatic disease are clinical features that are potentially associated with benefit from oophorectomy. A subset of patients with ovarian metastasis from CRC have potential to become long-term survivors (&gt;5 years).
Understanding Sand Control Installation Failures
Authors: Tibbles Raymond , Govinathan Kesavan , Mickelburgh Ian , Jain Samyak , Wassouf Philip 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The sand control completion is the last step in the well construction. It is the step that turns the well from an expense to a revenue generating asset. While every sand control completion is designed for success, things don't always go to plan during the installation, and the technical and commercial results are sometimes less than perfect. Failures can range from minor issues that can be easily remedied to catastrophic events that put the entire well, and investment, at risk. Regardless of severity, it is critical that all failures are analyzed to determine the root cause, prevent them from being repeated and protect asset value. The success of a sand control installation should not be assumed and can only be confirmed with a thorough review of all available job data.
This paper introduces several case studies of failures that occurred during sand control installations and details the investigative process and techniques used to identify the root causes. Examples include events such as screen/wash-pipe damage, bridging, hole collapse, and packer seal failure. This analysis provides key insights into downhole events and mechanisms that can be used to minimize risk and improve future completions.
Investigation into Emulsion Blockage Removal Using Thermochemical Fluid
Authors: Alade Olalekan , Hassan Amjed , Al Shehri Dhafer , Mahmoud Mohamed , Nakhli Ayman , Bataweel Mohamed 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A novel approach to exploit thermal energy released from the exothermic reactions of aqueous solution of thermochemical reactants (ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite), in controlling formation damage induced by water-in-oil emulsion have been investigated. Essentially, the technology concerns raising the temperature and pressure of the formation above the kinetic stability of emulsion through the heat and pressure generated insitu from the reaction. From the batch experiments to assess the energetic of the thermochemical reaction, it was observed that the temperature of the system could be raised to ≈170 °C (from 100 °C initial temperature) and pressure of 1600 psia, under controlled conditions. A stable water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion was prepared and used as a damaging fluid. Ultimately, about 72% of the W/O emulsion was removed from the core sample by injecting 1 PV of thermochemical fluids. In addition, the pressure profile, observed during the flooding experiment, shows that no precipitation or damage was induced during the thermochemical flooding. Therefore, it is envisaged that the insitu heat generation can mitigate emulsion blockage problem, and offers advantages over the existing methods considering environmental friendliness and damage removal efficiency.