bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of marine seismic interference noise employing a customized U‐Net
Authors: Sun Jing , Slang Sigmund , Elboth Thomas , Larsen Greiner Thomas , McDonald Steven , Gelius Leiv‐J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMarine seismic interference noise occurs when energy from nearby marine seismic source vessels is recorded during a seismic survey. Such noise tends to be well preserved over large distances and causes coherent artefacts in the recorded data. Over the years, the industry has developed various denoising techniques for seismic interference removal, but although well performing, they are still time‐consuming in use. Machine‐learning‐based processing represents an alternative approach, which may significantly improve the computational efficiency. In the case of conventional images, autoencoders are frequently employed for denoising purposes. However, due to the special characteristics of seismic data as well as the noise, autoencoders failed in the case of marine seismic interference noise. We, therefore, propose the use of a customized U‐Net design with element‐wise summation as part of the skip‐connection blocks to handle the vanishing gradient problem and to ensure information fusion between high‐ and low‐level features. To secure a realistic study, only seismic field data were employed, including 25,000 training examples. The customized U‐Net was found to perform well, leaving only minor residuals, except for the case when seismic interference noise comes from the side. We further demonstrate that such noise can be treated by slightly increasing the depth of our network. Although our customized U‐Net does not outperform a standard commercial algorithm in quality, it can (after proper training) read and process one single shot gather in approximately 0.02 s. This is significantly faster than any existing industry denoising algorithm. In addition, the proposed network processes shot gathers in a sequential order, which is an advantage compared with industry algorithms that typically require a multi‐shot input to break the coherency of the noise.
Anthropogenic land‐use change intensifies the effect of low flows on stream fishes
Authors: Walker Richard H. , Girard Carlin E. , Alford Samantha L. , Walters Annika W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

As ecosystems experience simultaneous disturbances, it is critical to understand how multiple stressors interact to affect ecological change. Land‐use change and extreme flow events are two important stressors that could interact to affect fish populations.

We evaluated the individual and interactive effects of discharge and land‐use change associated with oil and natural gas development on populations of two stream fishes over a 7‐year period. We used repeated‐state (i.e. abundance trends) and rate (i.e. colonization and persistence) responses to advance our understanding of flow‐ecology relationships in a multiple‐stressor framework.

Overall, fish abundance, colonization and persistence declined as discharge decreased. The effect of land‐use change associated with oil and natural gas development differed between species, with the abundance of Mottled Sculpin declining and Mountain Sucker increasing as land‐use change increased. We found both synergistic and antagonistic interactions between discharge and land‐use change. Land‐use change intensified the effect of low flows for Mottled Sculpin and lead to greater variability in responses to flow for Mountain Sucker. These differences between species' responses are likely due to differences in their physiological tolerances and behavioural adaptations to disturbance.

Synthesis and applications. Our research provides empirical evidence for the complex interactions that can arise between discharge and anthropogenic land‐use change. Management efforts to reduce inputs of sediments and chemical contaminants associated with land‐use change (e.g. silt fences, vegetative buffers) and promote quality refuge habitats (i.e. in‐stream habitat restoration) could help mitigate the negative effects of low‐flow extremes on stream fishes. Further development of flow‐ecology relationships in a multiple‐stressor framework will help guide management of stream fishes, and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying responses of different species.
Identification of flavonoids as regulators of YbeY activity in Liberibacter asiaticus
Authors: Zuo Ran , de Oliveira Aline , Bullita Enrica , Torino Maria Ines , Padgett‐Pagliai Kaylie A. , Gardner Christopher L. , Harrison Natalie A. , da Silva Danilo , Merli Marcelo L. , Gonzalez Claudio F. , Lorca Graciela L. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryLiberibacter asiaticus is the prevalent causative pathogen of Huanglongbing or citrus greening disease, which has resulted in a devastating crisis in the citrus industry. A thorough understanding of this pathogen's physiology and mechanisms to control cell survival is critical in the identification of therapeutic targets. YbeY is a highly conserved bacterial RNase that has been implicated in multiple roles. In this study, we evaluated the biochemical characteristics of the L. asiaticus YbeY (CLIBASIA_01560) and assessed its potential as a target for antimicrobials. YbeYLas was characterized as an endoribonuclease with activity on 3′ and 5′ termini of 16S and 23S rRNAs, and the capacity to suppress the E. coli ΔybeY phenotype. We predicted the YbeYLas protein:ligand interface and subsequently identified a flavone compound, luteolin, as a selective inhibitor. Site‐directed mutagenesis was subsequently used to identify key residues involved in the catalytic activity of YbeYLas. Further evaluation of naturally occurring flavonoids in citrus trees indicated that both flavones and flavonols had potent inhibitory effects on YbeYLas. Luteolin was subsequently examined for efficacy against L. asiaticus in Huanglongbing‐infected citrus trees, where a significant reduction in L. asiaticus gene expression was observed.
Cost of ruling as a game of tones: The accumulation of bad news and incumbents’ vote loss
Authors: THESEN GUNNAR , MORTENSEN PETER B. , GREEN‐PEDERSEN CHRISTOFFER 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn extensive body of research documents how governing parties generally suffer electoral defeats. Varying explanations have been offered, most of which touch upon the liabilities of policy responsibility. Although media coverage is generally acknowledged as one of these liabilities, few empirical studies have examined how news content affect government support. Based on the fact that voters get their information about politics, policies and societal issues from the media, this article studies how the constant stream of negative news influences incumbent support over a 20‐year period in Denmark. Modeling a previously untested argument on the cost of ruling, it shows that the accumulation of bad news throughout tenure exerts a substantial effect on government support.
An Implementation Science Approach to Antibiotic Stewardship in Emergency Departments and Urgent Care Centers
Authors: Yadav Kabir , Stahmer Aubyn , Mistry Rakesh D. , May Larissa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic stewardship efforts have expanded focus from inpatient to include outpatient settings. However, stewardship is urgently needed in acute care ambulatory settings: emergency departments (EDs) and urgent care centers (UCCs). Implementation of antibiotic stewardship in acute ambulatory care settings has been limited. Two major barriers to effective implementation exist: 1) lack of adaptation of successful outpatient stewardship interventions to the acute care ambulatory setting and 2) absence of rigorous measurement of implementation processes in EDs and UCCs in a manner that informs future scale and spread.ObjectivesOur objective was to apply an implementation science approach to address antibiotic overuse and inappropriate use in EDs and UCCs.MethodsThis study was a redesign of an evidence‐based outpatient antibiotic stewardship intervention at participating EDs and UCCs using an innovative implementation science framework (dynamic adaptation process), adaptable for local clinical workflow and local champion provision. We evaluated multiple implementation outcome metrics throughout a cluster‐randomized comparative effectiveness clinical trial of two approaches to the adapted antibiotic stewardship interventions.ResultsOur preimplementation phase included 21 in‐depth interviews and online provider surveys (52% response rate). For the postimplementation survey, we had a 39% response rate. We identified common themes including patient expectations, lack of knowledge of existing guidelines, and maintenance of education over time. Additional themes indicated differences in modifications needed by type of clinical setting. Adoption of public commitment was high, with 79% of providers signing a commitment log, and 84% received public commitment flair. Signing of public commitment posters rate was 62%, as several sites chose not to use this component. Acceptability, fidelity, and appropriateness were also measured.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that implementation science approaches can help address the problem of unnecessary antibiotic use in EDs and UCCs with high acceptability and adoption. Similar approaches could be used to tailor quality improvement interventions in these settings.
Case Series: Limited Opioid Withdrawal With Use of Transdermal Buprenorphine to Bridge to Sublingual Buprenorphine in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Tang Victor M. , Lam‐Shang‐Leen Jessica , Brothers Thomas D. , Hansen Keith , Caudarella Alexander , Lamba Wiplove , Guimond Tim 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundPrerequisite opioid withdrawal symptoms prior to buprenorphine induction are unacceptable to many patients. We assessed whether transdermal buprenorphine minimized withdrawal while bridging to sublingual therapy among hospital inpatients.MethodsRetrospective chart review of (n = 23) inpatients with opioid use disorder or opioid dependence due to chronic pain.ResultsOf 23 inpatients, 65% transitioned without symptoms, while 35% experienced mild withdrawal. Ninety‐six percent completed planned hospitalizations, with 83% engaged in treatment 4 weeks post‐discharge.Discussion and ConclusionsBridging to sublingual therapy with transdermal buprenorphine patches was feasible without withdrawal symptoms.Scientific SignificanceThis strategy may facilitate buprenorphine therapy in hospital inpatients. (Am J Addict 2019;00:1–4)
Over‐ordering of ultrasound and pre‐operative investigations for inguinal hernia repair at Northern Health: a Choosing Wisely audit
Authors: Chmiel Edward , Pearson Kristen , Mori Krinal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundChoosing Wisely Australia is an initiative aimed at reducing the incidence of unnecessary investigations. This study is an audit of Northern Health's adherence to two Choosing Wisely recommendations in the context of inguinal hernia repair. Recommendation 1: Avoid routinely performing pre‐operative investigations in patients, but instead order in response to patient factors, signs and symptoms, disease or planned surgery. Recommendation 2: Do not order ultrasound for clinically apparent inguinal hernias.MethodsRecords of 264 patients who underwent elective inguinal hernia repair at Northern Health in 2016 were reviewed.ResultsRecommendation 1: Results demonstrated over‐ordering of coagulation studies. Thirty‐four percent of patients received coagulation studies, 86% of which were unindicated. There was better adherence to Choosing Wisely guidelines for other investigations: 38% of patients received a full blood examination (42% unindicated), 38% received a urea, electrolytes and creatinine (14% unindicated), 7% received a glycated haemaglobin (0% unindicated) and 38% received an electrocardiogram (11% unindicated). Recommendation 2: Seventy percent (n = 186) of patients received an ultrasound of which 25% (n = 46) had a documented indication. Correlation with surgical findings showed a positive predictive value of 95.6% and sensitivity of 97.8% for ultrasound.ConclusionRecommendation 1: Most pre‐operative coagulation studies were unindicated, while adherence to Choosing Wisely guidelines was better for pre‐operative full blood examination, urea, electrolytes and creatinine, glycated haemaglobin and electrocardiogram. Recommendation 2: The majority of patients received an inguinal hernia ultrasound, most of which had no documented indication.
Hidden blood loss and the influencing factors after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Wan Ren‐Rui , Wang Yong‐Li , Wu Xiao‐Chang , Qian Hai , Tan Zhen‐Hua , Xiao Ren‐Yi , Xie Pin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundA small amount of bleeding usually occurs during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), but the occurrence of perioperative hidden blood loss (HBL) is ignored. So our objective is to investigate the amount of HBL and find out the influential factors in LC.MethodsFrom January 2017 to May 2019, 139 patients scheduled for LC were enrolled in the study. The data of patients' sex, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), form of gallbladder bed, gallbladder status, hypertension, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, drainage volume and operation time were recorded. The patients' height, weight and preoperative and postoperative haematocrit and haemoglobin were recorded and applied to the Gross formula to determine the amount of blood loss. The data of sex, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, gallbladder status, liver cirrhosis and operation time were analysed by multivariate linear regression analysis. One‐way analysis of variance was performed to find out the relative correlation between HBL and the type of gallbladder bed.ResultsThe HBL was 259.3 ± 188.5 mL. On the basis of multivariate linear regression analysis and analysis of variance, the gallbladder bed, hypertension and the operation time are influential factors of HBL in patients with LC. However, sex, age, BMI, gallbladder status, liver cirrhosis and diabetes are not significantly correlated with HBL.ConclusionsHBL should not be overlooked during the perioperative period of LC, especially in patients with hypertension, gallbladder bed >50% gallbladder surface or operation time >60 min.
Opposite effects of statins on the risk of tuberculosis and herpes zoster in patients with diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Pan Sheng‐Wei , Yen Yung‐Feng , Feng Jia‐Yih , Chuang Pei‐Hung , Su Vincent Yi‐Fong , Kou Yu Ru , Su Wei‐Juin , Chan Yu‐Jiun 
Published: October 2019

AimsIt remains uncertain whether statin use is associated with the risks of tuberculosis (TB) and herpes zoster in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aims to assess the effects of statins vs nonstatin lipid‐lowering agents on the risk of these infectious diseases in patients with diabetes.MethodsParticipants in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2001–2013 were classified as statin users, nonstatin users and lipid‐lowering drug‐free groups. Participants were observed for incident TB and herpes zoster from diabetes diagnosis until treatment crossover or December 2013. Statin user and nonstatin user were the time‐dependent variables in Cox regression analysis.ResultsOver 240 782 person‐years of observation, statin users (n = 17 696) were associated with a lower TB risk than nonstatin users (n = 5327) and the drug‐free group (n = 22 316) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.99 and aHR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.44–0.73). Compared with nonstatin users, statin users showed a dose‐dependent association with TB risk (low‐potency statin users, aHR: 0.692; 95% CI: 0.455–1.053; high‐potency users, aHR: 0.491; 95% CI: 0.241–0.999). Statin users presented with a higher risk of herpes zoster than nonstatin users and the drug‐free group (aHR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01–1.50 and aHR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.09–1.33). The risks of TB and herpes zoster were not statistically different between nonstatin users and the drug‐free group.ConclusionCompared with nonstatin drugs, statin use was specifically associated with a decreased risk of TB but a moderately increased risk of herpes zoster in this cohort study.
Being a burden to others and wishes to die: The importance of the sociopolitical context
Authors: Roest Bernadette , Trappenburg Margo , Leget Carlo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAll articles in May 2019’s special issue of Bioethics offer profound insights into the issue of “being a burden to others” in relation to wishes to die, which are highly relevant for ethical debates about end‐of‐life care and physician‐assisted dying. In this reply, we wish to stress the importance of acknowledging and analyzing the sociopolitical context of the phenomenon “being a burden” in relation to wishes to die and we will show how this analysis could benefit from a care ethical approach. As discussions in care ethics have made clear, caring practices are both social and political practices. An empirical and ethical analysis of “being a burden” therefore needs to take institutional and societal norms and structures into account, in addition to first‐person experiences and concepts such as caring needs, relational autonomy, and interdependency. Besides the relevance of the sociopolitical context for the phenomenon “being a burden” as such, the sociopolitical context also seems relevant for the investigation of the phenomenon, which we will illustrate by reflecting on “being a burden” in relation to the practice of physician‐assisted dying in the Netherlands.
New insight into sortilin in controlling lipid metabolism and the risk of atherogenesis
Authors: Su Xin , Peng Daoquan 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTDyslipidemia, including increased plasma levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride, and decreased plasma levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, has been considered a key factor associated with a series of health problems grouped together as metabolic syndrome. Worldwide, dyslipidemia has become a pressing issue, together with the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, multiple genome‐wide association studies and experimental analyses have been used to assess the underlying genetic basis of lipid metabolism and to identify novel gene loci that contribute to the alterations in lipid levels. The results have demonstrated that sortilin, which is encoded by SORT1, plays an important role in modulating the level of LDL‐C and the risk of CVD. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of the role of sortilin in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we provide new insights into the potential mechanisms by which sortilin affects lipid metabolism in hepatocytes, adipocytes, and macrophages.
Childhood Maltreatment, Gender Nonconformity, and Adolescent Sexual Orientation: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Xu Yin , Norton Sam , Rahman Qazi 
Published: October 2019

This study tested whether associations between childhood maltreatment and adolescent sexual orientation were accounted for by childhood gender nonconforming behavior (GNCB) in a prospective birth cohort (N = 5,007). Childhood parental maltreatment (physical and emotional) and GNCB were assessed on multiple occasions up to age 6 years, and sexual orientation at 15.5 years. Boys with a history of maltreatment were significantly more likely to be nonheterosexual. Using propensity score weighting, maltreatment was associated with a 3.5% (p = .03) increase in the prevalence of nonheterosexuality accounting for confounders not including GNCB, and by 2.9% (p = .06) when also accounting for GNCB. These findings suggest that maltreatment is associated with an increased prevalence of nonheterosexuality in boys but may be explained by confounding factors including GNCB.
Can dietary strategies in early life prevent childhood food allergy? A report from two iFAAM workshops
Authors: Roberts Graham , Grimshaw Kate , Beyer Kirsten , Boyle Robert , Lack Gideon , Austin Moira , Garcia‐Larsen Vanessa , Grabenhenrich Linus , Halken Susanne , Keil Thomas , Madsen Charlotte , Regent Lynne , Schnadt Sabine , Szajewska Hania , Van Ree Ronald , Mills E. N. Clare 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFood allergy affects a small but significant number of children and adults. Food allergy is responsible for considerable morbidity and is the commonest cause of anaphylaxis in children. One of the aims of the European Union‐funded “Integrated Approaches to Food Allergen and Allergy Risk Management” (iFAAM) project was to improve our understanding of the best way to prevent the development of food allergy. Groups within the project worked on integrating the current prevention evidence base as well as generating new data to move our understanding forward. This paper from the iFAAM project is a unique addition to the literature on this topic as it not only outlines the recently published randomized controlled trials (as have previous reviews) but also summarizes two iFAAM‐associated project workshops. These workshops focused on how we may be able to use dietary strategies in early life to prevent the development of food allergy and summarized the range of opinions amongst experts in this controversial area.
High prescription rate of oral glucocorticoids in children and adults: A retrospective cohort study from Western Sweden
Authors: Einarsdottir Margret J. , Ekman Per , Trimpou Penelope , Olsson Daniel S. , Johannsson Gudmundur , Ragnarsson Oskar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveGlucocorticoids (GCs) are a cornerstone in treating various common and uncommon diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of GC use in terms of doses associated with risk of tertiary adrenal insufficiency in adults and children, and treatment indications.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. Information on dispensed prescriptions was obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Patients with prescriptions of prednisolone (or equivalent dose of other GCs) ≥5 mg daily for ≥21 days between 2007 and 2014 were included. Information on concurrent diseases was obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Västra Götaland Regional Healthcare Database.ResultsOf 1 585 335 inhabitants in Västra Götaland County, 223 211 were included in the study (women 55.6%). Mean age was 48 ± 24 years. Period prevalence of oral GC use during the 8‐year study period was 14.1%. The highest prevalence (27.4%) was in men aged 80‐89 years and lowest (7.5%) in men 10‐19 years of age. The period prevalence in children 0‐9 years of age was 10.6%. COPD and asthma were the most common indications for treatment (17.2%) followed by allergy (12.5%) and malignant neoplasms (11.5%). Allergy was the most frequent indication (20.5%) in children and adolescents.ConclusionBetween 2007 and 2014, every seventh inhabitant in western Sweden received a GC prescription at doses associated with risk of developing tertiary adrenal insufficiency. These findings illustrate the importance of awareness of the potential development of tertiary adrenal insufficiency in both paediatric and adult patients.