bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Pericapsular Injection Versus Lumbar Plexus Peripheral Nerve Block for Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Scanaliato John P. , Christensen Daniel , Polmear Michael M. , Salfiti Catherine , Gaspar Patrick S. , Wolff Andrew B. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Hip arthroscopy has become the standard for the operative treatment of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement. Given the high levels of postoperative pain associated with hip arthroscopy, optimal analgesia is critical to ensure patient comfort and safety after discharge. Purpose/Hypothesis: Our purpose was to perform a single-blinded randomized controlled trial comparing the use of pericapsular injection versus lumbar plexus blockade for postoperative pain control after arthroscopic surgery on the hip. We hypothesized that pericapsular injection would provide equivalent pain relief to that of lumbar plexus blockade while minimizing adverse effects and alleviating the dependence on a qualified individual to administer. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 64 consecutive patients undergoing hip arthroscopy were prospectively assessed over a 6-month period between 2017 and 2018. Patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups: 32 patients received a lumbar plexus blockade by a single anesthesiologist, while 32 patients received a pericapsular injection of 30 mL of ropivacaine and 12 mg of morphine. Postoperative pain in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) as measured using the numeric rating scale, time to discharge, PACU morphine equivalents, and adverse effects were collected by PACU staff. Postoperative day 1 and 2 narcotic use was obtained through a telephone call with the patient on postoperative day 3. Results: We found no statistically significant difference in PACU pain scores at all time points, although there was a trend toward lower pain for patients receiving a pericapsular injection. PACU and short-term narcotic demand did not vary across the 2 arms. Time to discharge from the PACU did not differ. There were no major adverse events reported for either intervention. Conclusion: Pericapsular injection provides equivalent analgesia when compared with lumbar plexus blockade. It is a safe intervention that allows for efficient postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03244631.
Second Opinions: Negotiating Agency in Online Mothering Forums
Authors: Aston Megan , Price Sheri , Hunter Andrea , Sim Meaghan , Etowa Josephine , Monaghan Joelle , Paynter Martha 
Published: August 2020

Study background Online forums and other virtual communities are an increasing source of postpartum support and information for first-time mothers. However, there is little evidence about how new mothers in Canada access and use online resources. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine how first-time mothers accessed information and support both online and off-line during the first six months postpartum and how their experiences were constructed through social and institutional discourses. Methods A qualitative feminist poststructuralist approach was used to analyze an online discussion board with first-time mothers in Nova Scotia. Results Mothers who used the online discussion board experienced a sense of community with other mothers where empathy and encouragement were integral to the ways in which information and support were shared. “Weak ties” (with strangers) were important and led to the following themes: (a) empathy, encouragement, and information; (b) socialization; (c) blurring the boundaries of online and off-line networks; and (d) Developing community. Conclusions These online forums offer insight for health professionals looking to improve mothers’ care postpartum and point to a need to foster spaces for new mothers to talk to each other.
Cognitive, Functional, and Mortality Outcomes of Attenuated Delirium Syndrome in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Ojagbemi Akin , Bello Toyin , Owolabi Mayowa , Baiyewu Olusegun 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: There is a knowledge gap on the prognostic significance of subsyndromes of delirium. We describe the association of poststroke attenuated delirium syndrome (ADS) with cognitive, functional, and mortality outcomes at 3 months. Methods: A longitudinal observational study in which repeated assessments for delirium symptoms were conducted in the first week of stroke using the confusion assessment method. Attenuated delirium syndrome was characterized in survivors who were free of the full delirium syndrome but had ≥2 core features of delirium. Baseline and follow-up assessments were conducted using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), 10-word list learning and delayed recall test, Animal naming test, and Barthel index. Results: Among 150 participants recruited consecutively over 2 years, ADS was present in 32 (21.3%). Of 121 who were free of the full delirium syndrome, 21 (17.4%) had died by 3 months. Those who survived were more likely to be receiving treatment for systemic hypertension (88.5%, P = .007). In analyses adjusting for the effect of age, economic status, and systemic hypertension, ADS in the first week of stroke predicted cognitive decline at 3 months ([mean difference (MD) in MMSE scores = −3.8, 95% CI = −7.0 to −0.7, P = .019]). However, ADS was not associated with greater decline in activities of daily life (MD = −0.4, 95% CI = −2.8 to 2.0) or significant odds ratio (OR) of mortality (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 0.8-6.3). Conclusion: Attenuated delirium syndrome may be an important marker of cognitive impairment at 3 months poststroke. Its detection may lead to identification of stroke survivors who are likely to benefit from evidence-based preventive interventions for poststroke cognitive decline.
Simulation Game Outcomes: A Multilevel Examination of Knowledge Sharing Norms, Transactive Memory Systems, and Individual Learning Goal Orientations
Authors: Super Janice Francis , Betts Teresa K. , Keller Heath , Humphreys Joy Roach 
Published: August 2020

Background. Because computer-based simulation games are widely used in university classrooms, it is important to investigate factors which can lead to effective student team performance and positive individual outcomes. Aim. This correlational study aimed to examine the effects of knowledge sharing norms, transactive memory systems, and individual learning goal orientations on game outcomes. Method. The setting for this study was an undergraduate logistics and supply chain class. The class uses a serious simulation game which is designed to realistically mimic the business transactions within an enterprise resource planning system (ERP). Cross-sectional surveys captured individual learning goal orientations. After multiple rounds of simulation game play, subsequent surveys captured student reactions, perceptions of knowledge sharing behaviors, and transactive memory systems. Results. Two sets of analyses were conducted using a sample of 100 undergraduates performing in 42 teams. At the group-level, OLS regression results suggest that, while there was no effect on objective team performance, knowledge sharing norms enhanced perceptions of team performance, and this effect was mediated through the development of transactive memory systems. For individual-level outcomes, multilevel results suggest that knowledge sharing norms were positively related to satisfaction with the team, but not satisfaction with the task. However, transactive memory systems were positively related both satisfaction with the team and satisfaction with the task. Individual learning goal orientation was positively related to satisfaction with the task but not satisfaction with the team. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that learning goal orientations and norms for knowledge sharing are linked to positive outcomes of team-based simulation game learning activities. Because learning goal orientations are malleable and norms for knowledge sharing can be encouraged, these factors are within the influence of the instructor. As such, they should be nurtured and developed through the active encouragement of experimentation, exploration, and communication between team members.
Suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour in patients with bipolar disorder and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder after initiation of central stimulant treatment: a mirror-image study based on the LiSIE retrospective cohort
Authors: Öhlund Louise , Ott Michael , Lundqvist Robert , Sandlund Mikael , Salander Renberg Ellinor , Werneke Ursula 
Published: August 2020

Background: Currently, our understanding regarding treatment of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co-occurring with bipolar disorder (BD) remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of central stimulant (CS) treatment on suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour in patients with a pre-existing diagnosis of BD or schizoaffective disorder (SZD). Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that CS treatment significantly decreased the number of suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury events. Methods: A mirror-image study in patients with a dual diagnosis of BD or SZD and ADHD, comparing suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury events within 6 months and 2 years before and after CS initiation. This study was part of a retrospective cohort study (LiSIE) into effects and side-effects of lithium for maintenance treatment of BD as compared with other mood stabilisers. Results: Of 1564 eligible patients, 206 patients met the inclusion criteria. Within the 6 months after CS initiation, suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury events decreased significantly, both in terms of numbers of patients having such events ( p = 0.013) and numbers of events experienced ( p = 0.004). These effects were preserved 2 years after CS initiation. Conclusions: CS treatment may reduce the risk of suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury events in patients with a dual diagnosis of BD or SZD and ADHD. Based on our findings, clinicians should not withhold CS treatment from patients with concomitant ADHD for fear of deterioration of the underlying BD. However, to minimise the risk of manic episodes concomitant mood stabiliser treatment and close monitoring remains warranted.
HTLV screening of blood donors using chemiluminescence immunoassay in three major provincial blood centers of China
Authors: Zhao Junpeng , Zhao Feixue , Han Wei , Xu Xiaoxuan , Wang Lilin , Li Ran , Li Tong , Wu Linfeng , Du Dandan , Zeng Xuezhen , Cui Xiujuan , Chen Yunlong , Zeng Jinfeng , Wang Lunan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) remains a major safety concern for blood supplies. Despite many HTLV positive cases being reported in southeastern China, the detection of HTLV has not been prioritized in routine blood screening. Additionally, data on the prevalence of HTLV infection among blood donors is also limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HTLV among blood donors in three Chinese provinces through their representative blood centers, to evaluate the feasibility of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for blood screening.

Methods
From November 2018 to March 2019, blood plasma samples were collected from Hebei, Changsha, and Shenzhen blood centers and were screened for the HTLV-1/2 antibody using a CLIA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This was followed by confirmatory tests using INNO-LIA HTLV I/II.

Results
A total of 59,929 blood donations were collected and screened for HTLV-1/2. The reactive rate of CLIA and ELISA among donations in the Shenzhen blood center (0.0943%, 27/28,621) was higher than Hebei (0.0248%, 4/16,144), and Changsha (0.0198%, 3/15,164) (p < 0.05). After confirmation, 3 samples were confirmed as indeterminate for HTLV antibodies, and only one sample from the Shenzhen blood center was confirmed as HTLV-1. The overall prevalence of HTLV-1/2 was 1.67 per 100,000 (1/59,929). The HTLV-infected blood came from a 32-year-old first-time female donor with a high school degree, who belonged to the SHE ethnic minority and was born in the Fujian province.

Conclusions
In summary, the overall prevalence of HTLV-1/2 among blood donors in the three blood centers in China remains relatively low. However, blood donations with positive or indeterminate results for HTLV antibodies reminded us of the importance of HTLV screening among blood donors in China.
The 3D8 single chain variable fragment protein suppresses Newcastle disease virus transmission in transgenic chickens
Authors: Byun Sung June , Choi Hoonsung , Sureshkumar Shanmugam , Yuk Seong-Su , Kwon Jung-Hoon , Noh Jin-Yong , Jung Sun Keun , Kim Jeom Sun , Oh Keon Bong , Yang Hyeon , Lee Gunsup , Lee Hwi-Cheul , Woo Jae-Seok , Song Chang-Seon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The 3D8 single chain variable fragment (scFv) is a mini-antibody sequence that exhibits independent nuclease activity against all types of nucleic acids. In this research, crossing a 3D8 scFv G1 transgenic rooster with wild-type hens produced 3D8 scFv G2 transgenic chickens to evaluate suppression of viral transmission.

Result
The transgenic chickens were identified using genomic PCR and immunohistochemistry. To evaluate Newcastle disease virus (NDV) protection conferred by 3D8 scFv expression, transgenic, non-transgenic, and specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were challenged with virulent NDV by direct injection or aerosol exposure. The three groups of chickens showed no significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean death time after being directly challenged with NDV; however, in contrast to chickens in the non-transgenic and SPF groups, chickens in the transgenic group survived after aerosol exposure. Although the transgenic chickens did not survive after direct challenge, we found that the chickens expressing the 3D8 scFv survived aerosol exposure to NDV.

Conclusions
Our finding suggest that the 3D8 scFv could be a useful tool to prevent chickens from spreading NDV and control virus transmission.
Immediate effects of cervicothoracic junction mobilization versus thoracic manipulation on the range of motion and pain in mechanical neck pain with cervicothoracic junction dysfunction: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Joshi Shriya , Balthillaya Ganesh , Neelapala Y. V. Raghava 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Cervicothoracic (CT) junction hypomobility has been proposed as a contributing factor for neck pain. However, there are limited studies that compared the effect of CT junction mobilization against an effective intervention in neck pain. Thoracic spine manipulation is a nonspecific intervention for neck pain where remote spinal segments are treated based on the concept of regional interdependence. The effectiveness of segment-specific spinal mobilization in the cervical spine has been researched in the last few years, and no definite conclusions could be made from the previous studies. The above reasons warrant the investigation of the effects of a specific CT junction mobilization against a nonspecific thoracic manipulation intervention in neck pain. The present study aims to compare the immediate effects of C7-T1 Maitland mobilization with thoracic manipulation in individuals with mechanical neck pain presenting with CT junction dysfunction specifically.

Methods
A randomized clinical trial is conducted where participants with complaints of mechanical neck pain and CT junction dysfunction randomly assigned to either C7-T1 level Maitland mobilization group or mid-thoracic (T3-T6) manipulation group (active control group). In both the groups, the post graduate student (SJ) pursuing Master’s in orthopedic physiotherapy delivered the intervention. The outcomes of cervical flexion, extension, side flexion & rotation range of motion (ROM) were measured before & after the intervention with a cervical range of motion (CROM) device. Self-reported pain intensity was measured with the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). The post-intervention between-group comparison was performed using a one-way ANCOVA test.

Results
Forty-two participants with mean age CT junction group: 35.14 ± 10.13 and Thoracic manipulation group: 38.47 ± 11.47 were recruited for the study. No significant differences in the post-intervention baseline adjusted outcomes of cervical ROM & self-reported pain intensity were identified between the groups after the treatment (p = 0.08, 0.95, 0.01, 0.39, 0.29, 0.27for flexion, extension, bilateral lateral flexion & rotations respectively) & neck pain intensity (p = 0.68). However, within-group, pre, and post comparison showed significant improvements in cervical ROM and pain in both groups.

Conclusion
This preliminary study identified that CT junction mobilization is not superior to thoracic manipulation on the outcomes of cervical ROM and neck pain when level-specific CT junction mobilization was compared with remote mid-thoracic manipulation in individuals with mechanical neck pain and CT junction dysfunction.

Trial registration
CTRI: 2018/04/013088, Registered 6 April 2018, http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=24418
Comparative social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai of Kenya and Tanzania
Authors: Nkedianye David K. , Ogutu Joseph O. , Said Mohammed Y. , Kifugo Shem C. , de Leeuw Jan , Van Gardingen Paul , Reid Robin S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe analyse social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenure among the Maasai people inhabiting Kenya (three sites) and Tanzania (one site) with contrasting land tenure policies. In Kenya, land was communally owned in the rural Amboseli, fully privatized in the peri-urban Kitengela in Athi-Kaputiei and partially privatized and communally owned in the rural Maasai Mara. In Tanzania, the government owned the land but granted user rights to local villages in rural Simanjiro in Tarangire-Manyara. We interviewed 100 households per site from May to July 2006. There were regional distinctions in social demography, livelihood diversification, hiring herding labour and settlement arrangements, portraying differential transition away from traditional pastoral Maasai society. The transition is most advanced in Kitengela located near Nairobi City, where privatization of land tenure in the 1980s triggered land sub-division, unprecedented land fragmentation and large-scale collapse of the commons, pastoralism and conservation. Land privatization and sub-division in Maasai Mara and Amboseli started in 2000s and were followed similarly by unprecedented fragmentation through fences and accelerated collapse of the commons, pastoralism and conservation, except where wildlife conservancies were later established. We found several differences at the household, regional and national levels. The average age of household heads was lower in Maasai Mara and Amboseli than in Kitengela and Simanjiro. The average number of wives per male household head was lowest in Kitengela, intermediate in Mara and Amboseli and highest in Simanjiro. Correspondingly, the mean number of children per family was lowest in Kitengela, intermediate in Mara and Amboseli and highest in Simanjiro. Household heads were more educated closer to urban centres. Household heads without formal education were thus most common in Amboseli, intermediate in Mara and Simanjiro and fewest in Kitengela. Livelihood diversification was marked in all the sites. Notably, cultivation was widespread and most of those interviewed were interested in crop cultivation. The average number of acres cultivated per household was far higher in Simanjiro than in all the other sites. The mean number of hired herders per household was higher in Kitengela, with the highest number of children enrolled in schools, than in the Mara, Amboseli or Simanjiro. The average number of households per settlement was highest in the Mara, intermediate in Amboseli and Simanjiro and lowest in Kitengela. The marked regional variation in social demography, livelihood diversification and land tenurial arrangements reflects underlying variation in proximity to urban centres, agro-climatological and national developmental and policy environments.
Progression of regional lung strain and heterogeneity in lung injury: assessing the evolution under spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation
Authors: Hurtado Daniel E. , Erranz Benjamín , Lillo Felipe , Sarabia-Vallejos Mauricio , Iturrieta Pablo , Morales Felipe , Blaha Katherine , Medina Tania , Diaz Franco , Cruces Pablo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundProtective mechanical ventilation (MV) aims at limiting global lung deformation and has been associated with better clinical outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. In ARDS lungs without MV support, the mechanisms and evolution of lung tissue deformation remain understudied. In this work, we quantify the progression and heterogeneity of regional strain in injured lungs under spontaneous breathing and under MV.MethodsLung injury was induced by lung lavage in murine subjects, followed by 3 h of spontaneous breathing (SB-group) or 3 h of lowVtmechanical ventilation (MV-group). Micro-CT images were acquired in all subjects at the beginning and at the end of the ventilation stage following induction of lung injury. Regional strain, strain progression and strain heterogeneity were computed from image-based biomechanical analysis. Three-dimensional regional strain maps were constructed, from which a region-of-interest (ROI) analysis was performed for the regional strain, the strain progression, and the strain heterogeneity.ResultsAfter 3 h of ventilation, regional strain levels were significantly higher in 43.7% of the ROIs in the SB-group. Significant increase in regional strain was found in 1.2% of the ROIs in the MV-group. Progression of regional strain was found in 100% of the ROIs in the SB-group, whereas the MV-group displayed strain progression in 1.2% of the ROIs. Progression in regional strain heterogeneity was found in 23.4% of the ROIs in the SB-group, while the MV-group resulted in 4.7% of the ROIs showing significant changes. Deformation progression is concurrent with an increase of non-aerated compartment in SB-group (from 13.3% ± 1.6% to 37.5% ± 3.1%), being higher in ventral regions of the lung.ConclusionsSpontaneous breathing in lung injury promotes regional strain and strain heterogeneity progression. In contrast, lowVtMV prevents regional strain and heterogeneity progression in injured lungs.
High-sensitivity spectroscopic gas sensor using optimized H1 photonic crystal microcavities
Authors: Kassa-Baghdouche Lazhar 
Published: August 2020

An optimized H1 photonic crystal (PhC) microcavity with a high quality factor (

Q

), small mode volume, wide measurement range, and high sensitivity is proposed, and its possibility in spectroscopic gas sensing is theoretically demonstrated. In the proposed structure, we have taken advantage of the air holes surrounding the defect region to optimize the resonance characteristics so as to detect the target gas, which is required for designing miniaturized spectroscopic gas sensors. By fine-tuning the structural parameters of several ring air holes surrounding the defect region, the results show that the sensitivity can be up to 3303 nm/RIU, along with a high

Q

of

10
4

and a detection limit as low as

10

−
4

RIU for gas sensing. Also, it is theoretically verified that the optimized H1 PhC microcavity has the ability to maintain RI sensitivity over a wide RI range of gases, enabling detection of

H

e

,

N

2

,

C
O

2

,

C

2

H

2

, and

C

3

H

8

gases. The main feature of this structure is that the enhanced electrical field is strongly localized in the defect region for any gas sample due to a small mode volume. Therefore, these findings provide useful design rules for applications involving compact and tunable spectroscopic gas sensor devices with high

Q

and sensitivity.