bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A patient with severe polytrauma with massive pulmonary contusion and hemorrhage successfully treated with multiple treatment modalities: a case report
Authors: Nagashima Futoshi , Inoue Satoshi , Ohta Miho 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The mortality rate is very high for patients with severe multiple trauma with massive pulmonary contusion containing intrapulmonary hemorrhage. Multiple treatment modalities are needed not only for a prevention of cardiac arrest and quick hemostasis against multiple injuries, but also for recovery of oxygenation to save the patient’s life.

Case presentation
A 48-year-old Japanese woman fell down stairs that had a height of approximately 4 m. An X-ray showed pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion in her right lung, and an unstable pelvic fracture. A chest drain was inserted and preperitoneal pelvic packing was performed to control bleeding, performing resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta. A computed tomography scan revealed massive lung contusion in the lower lobe of her right lung, pelvic fractures, and multiple fractures and hematoma in other areas. An emergency thoracotomy was performed, and then we performed wide wedge resection of the injured lung, clamping proximal to suture lines with two Satinsky blood vessel clamps. The vessel clamps were left in the right thoracic cavity. The other hemorrhagic areas were embolized by transcatheter arterial embolization. However, since her respiratory functions deteriorated in the intensive care unit, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used for lung assist. Planned reoperation under veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was performed on day 2. Since her respiratory condition improved gradually, the veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit was withdrawn on day 7. She was transferred to the psychiatric ward of our hospital on day 75.

Conclusion
Utilizing multiple treatment modalities such as resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta, damage control surgery, transcatheter arterial embolization, and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with appropriate timing saves a patient with severe polytrauma with massive pulmonary contusion including intrapulmonary hemorrhage.
FNDC5/irisin improves the therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for myocardial infarction
Authors: Deng Jingyu , Zhang Ning , Wang Yong , Yang Chao , Wang Yabin , Xin Chao , Zhao Jinming , Jin Zhitao , Cao Feng , Zhang Zheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The beneficial functions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) decline with decreased cell survival, limiting their therapeutic efficacy for myocardial infarction (MI). Irisin, a novel myokine which is cleaved from its precursor fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is believed to be involved in a cardioprotective effect, but little was known on injured BM-MSCs and MI repair yet. Here, we investigated whether FNDC5 or irisin could improve the low viability of transplanted BM-MSCs and increase their therapeutic efficacy after MI.

Methods
BM-MSCs, isolated from dual-reporter firefly luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein positive (Fluc+–eGFP+) transgenic mice, were exposed to normoxic condition and hypoxic stress for 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h, respectively. In addition, BM-MSCs were treated with irisin (20 nmol/L) and overexpression of FNDC5 (FNDC5-OV) in serum deprivation (H/SD) injury. Furthermore, BM-MSCs were engrafted into infarcted hearts with or without FNDC5-OV.

Results
Hypoxic stress contributed to increased apoptosis, decreased cell viability, and paracrine effects of BM-MSCs while irisin or FNDC5-OV alleviated these injuries. Longitudinal in vivo bioluminescence imaging and immunofluorescence results illustrated that BM-MSCs with overexpression of FNDC5 treatment (FNDC5-MSCs) improved the survival of transplanted BM-MSCs, which ameliorated the increased apoptosis and decreased angiogenesis of BM-MSCs in vivo. Interestingly, FNDC5-OV elevated the secretion of exosomes in BM-MSCs. Furthermore, FNDC5-MSC therapy significantly reduced fibrosis and alleviated injured heart function.

Conclusions
The present study indicated that irisin or FNDC5 improved BM-MSC engraftment and paracrine effects in infarcted hearts, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for MI.
Vagal-α7nAChR signaling promotes lung stem cells regeneration via fibroblast growth factor 10 during lung injury repair
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Zhao Caiqi , Zhang Cuiping , Li Qingmei , Chen Jie , Cheng Lianping , Zhou Jian , Su Xiao , Song Yuanlin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundProliferation and transdifferentiation of lung stem cells (LSCs) could promote lung injury repair. The distal airways of the lung are innervated by the vagus nerve. Vagal-alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) signaling plays a key role in regulating lung infection and inflammation; however, whether this pathway could regulate LSCs remains unknown.MethodsLSCs (Sca1+CD45−CD31−cells) were isolated and characterized according to a previously published protocol. α7nAChR knockout mice and wild-type littermates were intratracheally challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce lung injury. A cervical vagotomy was performed to study the regulatory effect of the vagus nerve on LSCs-mediated lung repair. α7nAChR agonist or fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) was intratracheally delivered to mice. A single-cell suspension of lung cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Lung tissues were collected for histology, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe found that LSCs maintained multilineage differentiation ability and transdifferentiated into alveolar epithelial type II cells (AEC2) following FGF10 stimulation in vitro. Vagotomy or α7nAChR deficiency reduced lung Ki67+LSCs expansion and hampered the resolution of LPS-induced lung injury. Vagotomy or α7nAChR deficiency decreased lung FGF10 expression and the number of AEC2. The α7nAChR agonist-GTS-21 reversed the reduction of FGF10 expression in the lungs, as well as the number of Ki67+cells, LSCs, Ki67+LSCs, and AEC2 in LPS-challenged vagotomized mice. Supplementation with FGF10 counteracted the loss of Ki67+LSCs and AEC2 in LPS-challenged α7nAChR knockout mice.ConclusionsThe vagus nerve deploys α7nAChR to enhance LSCs proliferation and transdifferentiation and promote lung repair in an FGF10-dependent manner during LPS-induced lung injury.
Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with dynamic intra-thoracic central airway collapse: results of a 10-year multi-centre retrospective analysis
Authors: Crowhurst Thomas David , Tcherveniakov Petar , Lorraine Brett , Polasek Jonathan Frederick , Nguyen Phan Tien , Yeo Aeneas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Disproportionate bulging of the pars membranosa into the central airway on expiration, now termed ‘excessive dynamic airway collapse’ (EDAC), has poorly characterised significance. Despite physiological arguments supporting an association between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and dynamic intra-thoracic central airway collapse, this is unproven.

Methods
An audit was conducted of patients having had both a dynamic CT chest and a diagnostic polysomnogram between 2009 and 2018 and within 2 years of one another. Dynamic airway collapse was quantified by the presence of EDAC (≥75% collapse) at any of five sites plus a composite index of mean cross-sectional area (CSA) change. Linear regression models were used to assess associations between pre-defined variables.

Results
A total of 59 patients was included. Median apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) was 13 events/hour (IQR: 5–31 events/hour | range 0–153 events/hour). EDAC was not identified. Median composite dynamic airway collapse index was 18% (IQR: 9–30% | range: 0–63%). Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression analyses demonstrated statistically significant associations between degree of dynamic intra-thoracic central airway collapse and multiple OSA indices. In the adjusted model, every 10% worsening in dynamic airway collapse was associated with an increase in apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) of 5 events/hour (95% confidence interval: 0.9–10 events/hour | p = 0.019). No association was found between dynamic airway collapse and symptoms or healthcare utilisation.

Conclusions
This study supports an association between dynamic intra-thoracic central airway collapse and OSA, despite the failure to identify EDAC, which was likely due to retrospectively audited CT scans not being performed to research standards.
Points to consider in cardiovascular disease risk management among patients with rheumatoid arthritis living in South Africa, an unequal middle income country
Authors: Solomon Ahmed , Stanwix Anne E. , Castañeda Santos , Llorca Javier , Gonzalez-Juanatey Carlos , Hodkinson Bridget , Romela Benitha , Ally Mahmood M. T. M. , Maharaj Ajesh B. , Van Duuren Elsa M. , Ziki Joyce J. , Seboka Mpoti , Mohapi Makgotso , Jansen Van Rensburg Barend J. , Tarr Gareth S. , Makan Kavita , Balton Charlene , Gogakis Aphrodite , González-Gay Miguel A. , Dessein Patrick H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
It is plausible that optimal cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk management differs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from low or middle income compared to high income populations. This study aimed at producing evidence-based points to consider for CVD prevention in South African RA patients.

Methods
Five rheumatologists, one cardiologist and one epidemiologist with experience in CVD risk management in RA patients, as well as two patient representatives, two health professionals and one radiologist, one rheumatology fellow and 11 rheumatologists that treat RA patients regularly contributed. Systematic literature searches were performed and the level of evidence was determined according to standard guidelines.

Results
Eighteen points to consider were formulated. These were grouped into 6 categories that comprised overall CVD risk assessment and management (n = 4), and specific interventions aimed at reducing CVD risk including RA control with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n = 3), lipid lowering agents (n = 8), antihypertensive drugs (n = 1), low dose aspirin (n = 1) and lifestyle modification (n = 1). Each point to consider differs partially or completely from recommendations previously reported for CVD risk management in RA patients from high income populations. Currently recommended CVD risk calculators do not reliably identify South African black RA patients with very high-risk atherosclerosis as represented by carotid artery plaque presence on ultrasound.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that optimal cardiovascular risk management likely differs substantially in RA patients from low or middle income compared to high income populations. There is an urgent need for future multicentre longitudinal studies on CVD risk in black African patients with RA.
Comparative phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial study of different parts of Doigota plants (Bixa orellana L.)
Authors: Ahmed Sium , Moni Bilkis Mehrin , Ahmed Shawon , Gomes Donald James , Shohael Abdullah Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBixa orellanaL. is a plant native to Brazil but grows in other parts of the world including Bangladesh. This plant has been used for many years by indigenous people around the globe for a variety of applications. In Bangladesh, it is known as Doigota and the plant is underutilized and reported endangered. The present study aimed to perform comparative profiling where aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts of the seed, branch, and leaf ofB. orellanaplants were investigated for in vitro phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities.ResultsPhytochemical screening indicated the presence of nine different phytochemicals in varying degrees, which suggests the chemical diversity of this plant. Quantification of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins was performed where leaf extracts contained significantly higher quantities of these phytochemicals than extracts from seed and branch. The highest phenolics (186.02 mg/g) were found in the methanolic extract of the leaf, whereas the highest flavonoids (61.01 mg/g) and tannins (36.74 mg/g) were found in aqueous extract of the leaf. Antioxidant activity has been evaluated by DPPH scavenging assay where the aqueous extract of leaf showed 93.62% scavenging activity at 800 μg/mL extract concentration. Although the extracts prevented the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the leaves were higher than those of the seed and branch extracts against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) bacteria, respectively.ConclusionsWe found thatB. orellanaleaf extracts possess the highest antibacterial activities. The extracts had significant antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities could be attributed to high flavonoid and phenolic contents. These results suggest that the extracts ofB. orellanapossess bioactive compounds that could be used for different purposes such as source of new antibiotics or alternative natural preservatives in food matrices due to mainly their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
ISAAC written questionnaire versus incorporating videos before the questionnaire for asthma prevalence among middle schools students in Al-Sharkiya Egyptian Governorate
Authors: Amer Osama T. , Ragab Hussnia M. , Bahgat Shereen M. , Elsayed Sameh A. , Gad Marwa , Fawzy Ahmed , Hegazy Salwa , Mokhtar Eman , Yaseen Hala , Sarhan Dina T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disorder in childhood with worldwide increasing in its prevalence and global burden. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) provides a standardized methodology to describe the prevalence and severity of childhood asthma symptoms all over the world using simple standardized questionnaires that allow comparisons across geographic and linguistic boundaries. This study aimed to find a suitable application of ISAAC asthma questionnaire to improve the perception and response of the middle (preparatory) school students in Al-Sharkiya Governorate as a step to update the Egyptian prevalence of asthma among children through the translation of the ISSAC written questionnaire into Arabic and to compare the student’s response to the translated questionnaire with their response to the same questionnaire after showing ISAAC videos.

Results
The percentage of student’s positive answers for asthma symptoms in the written questionnaire after watching ISAAC videos was significantly lower when compared to their written questionnaire answers without watching videos with no significant agreement between the student’s answers in the two methods.

Conclusion
Using ISAAC videos before filling the written questionnaire improved the students’ understanding of and dealing with the written questionnaire.
Conventional versus selective balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric varices
Authors: Ahmed Ramy , Kiyosue Hiro , Mori Hiromu , Abdelaziz Samy , Othman Moustafa , Abdel-Aal Sherif , Maruno Miyuki , Matsumoto Shunro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) is a well-established interventional radiological technique for treatment of isolated gastric varices (GV). The aim of this study is to compare outcome after different BRTO techniques, i.e., conventional, selective and superselective techniques.
Fifty-nine consecutive patients underwent BRTO as a primary prophylactic treatment for GV were retrospectively categorized into group A (38 patients underwent conventional BRTO) and group B (21 patients underwent selective or superselective BRTO). Group B was sub-grouped into group B1 (11 patients underwent selective BRTO) and group B2 (10 patients underwent superselective BRTO).

Results
Median volume of ethanol amine oleate iopamidol (EOI) was significantly higher in group A than in group B2 (14.8 Vs 7.4 ml, p = 0.03). Complete GV thrombosis was significantly lower in group B2 (50%) than in A (89.5%, p = 0.01) and B1 (100%, p = 0.01). GV bleeding rate after BRTO was significantly higher in group B2 than in group A (20% vs 0%, p = 0.04). GV recurrence rate was not significantly different between group A and B (p = 0.5) or between group A, B1 and B2 (p = 0.1). Cumulative ascites exacerbation rate was significantly higher in group A than B (p = 0.005), B1 (p = 0.03), and B2 (p = 0.03). Cumulative esophageal varices (Es.V) aggravation rate was significantly higher in group A than B (p = 0.001), B1 (p = 0.01), and B2 (p = 0.03). Volume of EOI was a significant risk factor for ascites exacerbation (p = 0.008) while shunt occlusion and pre-existing partial portal vein thrombosis were significant risk factors for Es.V aggravation (p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion
Selective and super-selective techniques had a lower ascites exacerbation, and Es.V aggravation rates than conventional technique. However, superselective BRTO had a lower GV complete thrombosis and higher GV bleeding rates after BRTO than other techniques.
Is it time to RE-AIM? A systematic review of economic empowerment as HIV prevention intervention for adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa using the RE-AIM framework
Authors: Iwelunmor Juliet , Nwaozuru Ucheoma , Obiezu-Umeh Chisom , Uzoaru Florida , Ehiri John , Curley Jami , Ezechi Oliver , Airhihenbuwa Collins , Ssewamala Fred 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundEconomic empowerment (EE) HIV prevention programs for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa are gaining traction as effective strategies to reduce HIV risk and vulnerabilities among this population. While intervention effectiveness is critical, there are numerous factors beyond effectiveness that shape an intervention’s impact. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the reporting of implementation outcomes of EE HIV prevention programs for AGYW in SSA, as conceptualized in the RE-AIM (reach, efficacy/effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Ovid/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Ebscohost, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science for EE HIV interventions for AGYW in SSA. Study selection and data extraction were conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. Two researchers coded each article using a validated RE-AIM data extraction tool and independently extracted information from each article. The reporting of RE-AIM dimensions were summarized and synthesized across included interventions.ResultsA total of 25 unique interventions (reported in 45 articles) met the predefined eligibility criteria. Efficacy/effectiveness 19(74.4%) was the highest reported RE-AIM dimension, followed by adoption 17(67.2%), reach 16(64.0%), implementation 9(38.0%), and maintenance 7(26.4%). Most interventions reported on RE-AIM components such as sample size 25(100.0%), intervention location 24(96.0%), and measures and results for at least one follow-up 24(96.0%). Few reported on RE-AIM components such as characteristics of non-participants 8(32.0%), implementation costs 3(12.0%), and intervention fidelity 0(0.0%).ConclusionsResults of the review emphasize the need for future economic empowerment HIV prevention interventions for AGYW in SSA to report multiple implementation strategies and highlight considerations for translating such programs into real-world settings. Researchers should pay close attention to reporting setting-level adoption, implementation cost, and intervention maintenance. These measures are needed for policy decisions related to the full merit and worth of EE HIV interventions and their long-term sustainability for AGYW.
Spontaneous intestinal perforation followed by necrotizing enterocolitis in an extremely low birth weight neonate: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ibrahim Ashraf H. M. , Hader Hamad A. , Alsherbiny Hatem , Hussein Mahmoud R. A. , Khan Safwan A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP) is usually an isolated perforation occurring most commonly in the terminal ileum of neonates with very low birth weight (VLBW) and extreme low birth weight (ELBW) of unknown etiology. It can be identical to perforated necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) both clinically and radiologically raising a diagnostic challenge. In such cases, the differentiation is only possible by laparotomy and histopathology. This is important because the differentiation has management and prognostic consideration. The authors are presenting a case of SIP which was followed by NEC after 4 days only of its onset.

Case presentation
The authors report on a unique case of SIP which was followed by perforated NEC after 4 days of its onset in a 28-week gestational age with an ELBW. On the 3rd day of life, abdominal X-ray showed a significant pneumoperitoneum with neither pneumatosis intestinalis nor portal venous gas. The diagnosis of SIP was made at laparotomy. On the 4th post-operative day the patient developed pneumoperitoneum again due to perforated NEC as confirmed later on by histology. In this odd case (which we believe to be the youngest in the literature), the sequence of SIP followed after few days by perforated NEC is presented. Methods of differentiating these two conditions and their management are discussed.

Conclusion
SIP should be differentiated from perforated NEC by laparotomy and histopathology if this is not possible clinically and radiologically, and the patient is stable. Primary peritoneal drainage (PPD) is reserved as a step to stabilize the patient only in both conditions.
Fracture properties estimation using distributed acoustic sensing recording of guided waves in unconventional reservoirs
Authors: Lellouch Ariel , Meadows Mark A. , Nemeth Tamas , Biondi Biondo 
Published: June 2020

Perforation shots excite guided waves that propagate in a low-velocity unconventional shale reservoir. They have a frequency content of up to 700 Hz and are dispersive. We have analyzed horizontal crosswell perforation shots recorded by a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) array. As guided waves propagate through a previously stimulated area, we observe a dramatic influence on the guided SH waves in the form of delayed arrival times, scattering, phase incoherency, and loss of amplitude and frequency. The leaky compressional waves undergo a gradual slowdown. Using a simple geometric analysis of the spatial locations of the distortions in the direct arrivals of the guided SH waves, we can estimate the half-lengths of the induced fractures, which range from 50% to 75% of the distance between the perforated and monitoring wells. Furthermore, we find that the propagation disturbances originate from the middle of the stimulated area. Other diffracted signals, notably from frac plugs, are clearly visible in the data. We report the first large-scale use of DAS records of guided waves. Their potential for high-resolution imaging and inversion of subsurface properties before and after hydraulic stimulation opens new possibilities for the use of seismology in optimizing production from unconventional reservoirs.