bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy‐based method for tracking diffusion in organogels
Authors: Mineart Kenneth P. , Walker William W. , Mogollon‐Santiana Joaquin , Lee Byeongdu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganogels possess characteristics that make them promising materials for enhancing our understanding of nanostructure‐diffusion relationships in gels and for use in diffusion‐centered applications including drug delivery and nanoreactor media. Unlike hydrogels, however, there are no well‐recognized techniques for measuring the fundamental diffusion parameter of diffusivity, D, in organogels. The present work establishes a technique for measuring D based upon Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Physically crosslinked gels composed of poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] and aliphatic mineral oil are used to showcase the new technique's capability. Diffusivity of unimers—oleic acid—and reverse micelles—sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT)—within as‐prepared and preswollen gels is quantified and resultant values are commensurate with studies of unimer and micelle diffusion in hydrogels. The case of AOT diffusion is further validated through small‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis, which is in close agreement (<20% difference).
Postnatal physiological changes in electrical activity of the diaphragm in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Iwasaki Eriko , Hirata Katsuya , Morikawa Kazue , Nozaki Masatoshi , Mochizuki Narutaka , Hirano Shinya , Wada Kazuko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to describe postnatal physiological changes in maximum values of peak electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) in extremely preterm infants during the preterm period.Working HypothesisThe amplitude and frequency of neural sigh are different at each postmenstrual age in extremely preterm infants.Study DesignA retrospective, observational study.Patient‐subject selectionEdi values were evaluated in 14 extremely preterm infants with neurally‐adjusted ventilatory assist.MethodologyData of Edi peak and Edi minimum were collected from a ventilator. Edi‐sigh was defined as the Edi peak value that was more than twice as large as the median Edi peak at each postmenstrual week in each patient. The frequency of Edi‐sigh, and median values of Edi‐sigh, Edi peak, and Edi minimum were evaluated at each postmenstrual week. The Jonckheere‐Terpstra test was used to analyze the trend between postmenstrual weeks and Edi values.ResultsFrom 26 to 35 postmenstrual weeks, the number of Edi‐sighs per hour significantly increased as postmenstrual weeks increased (P < .001). Furthermore, the median values of Edi‐sigh significantly increased as postmenstrual weeks increased (16.9 µV at 26 weeks to 25.4 µV at 35 weeks, P < .001). There were no significant changes in the median values of Edi peak and Edi minimum at each week.ConclusionsThe amplitude and frequency of neural sigh in extremely preterm infants increase with the number of postmenstrual weeks.
Neonatal screening programme for CF: Results from the Irish Comparative Outcomes Study (ICOS)
Authors: Fitzgerald Catherine , Linnane Barry , George Sherly , Ni Chroinin Muireann , Mullane David , Herzig Mary , Greally Peter , Elnazir Basil , Healy Fiona , Mc Nally Paul , Javadpour Sheila , Cox Des , Fitzpatrick Patricia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe introduction of NBS in Ireland in July 2011, provided a unique opportunity to investigate clinical outcomes using a comparative historical cohort study. Clinical cohort: children clinically diagnosed with CF born 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2011, and NBS cohort: children diagnosed with CF through NBS born 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2016. Clinical data were collected from the CF Registry of Ireland, medical charts, and data on weight/height before diagnosis from public health nurses and family doctors. SPSS was used for analysis. A total of 232 patients were recruited (response 93%) (93 clinically diagnosed, 139 NBS‐detected). Following exclusions of meconium ileus (MI) (40), diagnosis outside Ireland (4), and being designated as CFSPID (2), a total of 77 clinically diagnosed patients and 109 NBS detected children were included in analysis. Over half were homozygous for F508del mutation. Being clinically diagnosed was independently associated with hospitalization for infective exacerbation of CF < 36 months (OR, 2.80; 95%CI 1.24‐6.29). Diagnosis to first acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was significantly longer in NBS than clinically detected; from birth there was no significant difference. Weight and length/height were significantly greater in NBS cohort at 6 and 12 months. We provide evidence of improved growth, reduced hospitalization for acute exacerbations, and delayed P. aeruginosa acquisition (from diagnosis) to age 3 for the NBS cohort. Screening practices likely account for the non‐significant difference in P. aeruginosa acquisition from birth.
Reliability analysis for accelerated degradation data based on the Wiener process with random effects
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Wang Bing Xing , Wu Wenhui , Hong Yili 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOn the basis of the principle of degradation mechanism invariance, a Wiener degradation process with random drift parameter is used to model the data collected from the constant stress accelerated degradation test. Small‐sample statistical inference method for this model is proposed. On the basis of Fisher's method, a test statistic is proposed to test if there is unit‐to‐unit variability in the population. For reliability inference, the quantities of interest are the quantile function, the reliability function, and the mean time to failure at the designed stress level. Because it is challenging to obtain exact confidence intervals (CIs) for these quantities, a regression type of model is used to construct pivotal quantities, and we develop generalized confidence intervals (GCIs) procedure for those quantities of interest. Generalized prediction interval for future degradation value at designed stress level is also discussed. A Monte Carlo simulation study is used to demonstrate the benefits of our procedures. Through simulation comparison, it is found that the coverage proportions of the proposed GCIs are better than that of the Wald CIs and GCIs have good properties even when there are only a small number of test samples available. Finally, a real example is used to illustrate the developed procedures.
Benchmarking of Spin–Orbit Torque Switching Efficiency in Pt Alloys
Authors: Hu Chen‐Yu , Pai Chi‐Feng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA magnetic heterostructure with good thermal stability, large damping‐like spin–obit torque (DL‐SOT), and low power consumption is crucial to realize thermally stable, fast, and efficient magnetization manipulation in SOT devices. This work systematically investigates on PtxCu1‐x/Co/MgO magnetic heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), and reports a promising spin Hall material, Pt–Cu alloy, possessing large DL‐SOT efficiency and moderate resistivity. The optimal Pt0.57Cu0.43 has a large DL‐SOT efficiency of about 0.44, as determined by hysteresis loop shift measurements, with a relatively low resistivity (82.5 µΩ cm at 5 nm thickness). Moreover, this large DL‐SOT efficiency and the coercivity reduction accompanying with proper alloying contribute to a low critical switching current density (2.37 × 106 A cm−2 in the Pt0.57Cu0.43 layer) in current‐induced magnetization switching measurements. Finally, the thermal stability of the Co layer can be preserved under alloying, whereas the switching power consumption can be significantly reduced, being the best performance among reported Pt‐based spin current sources. This systematic study on SOT switching properties suggests that Pt0.57Cu0.43 is an attractive spin current source with moderate resistivity, large DL‐SOT efficiency, good thermal stability, and low power consumption for future SOT applications.
Grinding and spectra replication often improves mid‐DRIFTS predictions of soil properties
Authors: Deiss Leonardo , Culman Steve W. , Demyan M. Scott 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is an increased interest in using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy in the mid‐infrared region (mid‐DRIFTS) for high‐throughput prediction of soil properties, but basic methodological factors toward this end have yet to be thoroughly vetted. This study aimed to determine how the combined effects of soil grinding (sieved to <2.0 mm and finely ground to <0.5 mm) and sample replication (single or multiple soil subsamples, using one‐to‐four replicates) affect the spectral quality and predictive performance (accuracy) of automated plate‐based mid‐DRIFTS for soil analysis. We evaluated chemometric prediction performance of soil physical, chemical, and biological variables (clay, sand, pH, total organic C, and permanganate‐oxidizable C [POXC]) in 397 soils from the U.S. Midwest. Sieved soils (<2.0 mm) increased the overall spectral variability compared to finely ground soils (<0.5 mm) and led to a distinct wavenumber importance allocation in support vector machine models. These spectral changes degraded prediction performance of <2.0 mm samples when compared to <0.5 mm samples. The number of spectral replicates had a smaller effect on spectral properties, but impacted prediction accuracies of soil properties. In general, prediction outcomes improved with four spectral replicates either within a single soil subsample or across different soil subsamples. Our data collectively suggest that soil particle‐size reduction to <0.5 mm and collecting multiple spectra improve mid‐DRIFTS predictions. Recommendations to optimize high‐throughput mid‐DRIFTS should consider the tradeoffs between prediction accuracy and the effort needed to prepare soil samples and acquire spectra.
CdS QD Decorated LaFeO3 Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Application Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Acharya Saumyaprava , Kandi Debasmita , Parida Kulamani 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDevelopment of a photocatalyst with high activity is one of the key points for both H2 evolution and RhB dye degradation. To achieve a high‐quality photocatalyst by modifying the structure of the photocatalyst and exploring the electron‐hole mechanism is a great challenge in the field of photocatalysis. Here, we have synthesized a new photocatalyst CdS quantum dot/LaFeO3 by facile dual‐step solvothermal approach and with cost‐effective raw materials. The monohybrid has a heterostructure of CdS quantum dots(QDs) growing over few‐layer of LaFeO3 nanosheets uniformly. The photocatalytic activity was noticeably enhanced by the CdS QDs/LaFeO3 nanocomposite samples. With loading of 1 wt % CdS QDs, 94 % degradation of the RhB has been found just after 1 h irradiation of visible light. In H2 evolution reaction, 1wt %CdS QDs loaded LaFeO3 gives the maximum result i. e. 935.5 mmol h−1. It is due to the fact that in the composite, the rate of charge recombination has been delayed than that of the bare LaFeO3 and CdS QD.
Analytical Chemistry Optical Chemosensor for Spectrophotometric Determination of Nitrite in Wastewater
Authors: Abou‐Melha Khlood S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn easy, sensitive, and rapid spectrophotometric method has been documented for determining nitrite (NO2−) in water and wastewater. To detect and adsorb harmful nitrite ions from wastewater efficiently; a stable optical nanosensor was manufactured by immobilization of 1‐Naphthylamine (1‐NA) over mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs). The determination of nitrite was based on the reaction of nitrite with the optical sensor (1‐NA chemosensor) and forming diazonium salt which was subsequently coupled with N‐(1‐Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NED) to form a stable brownish azo dye. The dye shows an absorption maximum at 457 nm. The optimal conditions for the reaction and the analytical parameters were evaluated. The method has been designed by controlling the acidity, the quantity of reagents required and the amount of tolerance of certain ions. The range of linearity was found to be 0.108‐10.8 μM of nitrite. The nitrite identification detection limit and quantitation limit are 0.106 μM and 0.353 μM, respectively. The performance of the chemosensor in extracting the NO2− ions was tested. According to the Langmuir isotherms, the adsorption pattern was highly competent, where the removal capacity for NO2− ion was 156.0 mg/g by the chemosensor. Some cations and anions have been identified as the competing ions; these ions were not affected on the NO2− ion in both detection and adsorption processes.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene by Molecular Cu‐Complex Immobilized on Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon
Authors: Balamurugan Mani , Jeong Hui‐Yun , Choutipalli Venkata Surya Kumar , Hong Jung Sug , Seo Hongmin , Saravanan Natarajan , Jang Jun Ho , Lee Kang‐Gyu , Lee Yoon Ho , Im Sang Won , Subramanian Venkatesan , Kim Sun Hee , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to hydrocarbons is a challenging task because of the issues in controlling the efficiency and selectivity of the products. Among the various transition metals, copper has attracted attention as it yields more reduced and C2 products even while using mononuclear copper center as catalysts. In addition, it is found that reversible formation of copper nanoparticle acts as the real catalytically active site for the conversion of CO2 to reduced products. Here, it is demonstrated that the dinuclear molecular copper complex immobilized over graphitized mesoporous carbon can act as catalysts for the conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons (methane and ethylene) up to 60%. Interestingly, high selectivity toward C2 product (40% faradaic efficiency) is achieved by a molecular complex based hybrid material from CO2 in 0.1 m KCl. In addition, the role of local pH, porous structure, and carbon support in limiting the mass transport to achieve the highly reduced products is demonstrated. Although the spectroscopic analysis of the catalysts exhibits molecular nature of the complex after 2 h bulk electrolysis, morphological study reveals that the newly generated copper cluster is the real active site during the catalytic reactions.
Loss of Cxcr5 alters neuroblast proliferation and migration in the aged brain
Authors: Fritze Jonas , Ginisty Aurélie , McDonald Rebecca , Quist Ella , Stamp Eleanor , Monni Emanuela , Dhapola Parashar , Lang Stefan , Ahlenius Henrik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Neurogenesis, the production of new neurons from neural stem cells, dramatically decreases during aging concomitantly with increased inflammation both systemically and in the brain. However, the precise role of inflammation and whether local or systemic factors drive the neurogenic decline during aging is poorly understood. Here, we identify CXCR5/5/CXCL13 signaling as a novel regulator of neurogenesis in the aged brain. The chemokine Cxcl13 was found to be upregulated in the brain during aging. Loss of its receptor, Cxcr5, led to increased proliferation and decreased numbers of neuroblasts in the aged subventricular zone (SVZ), together with accumulation of neuroblasts in the rostral migratory stream and olfactory bulb (OB), without increasing the amount of new mature neurons in the OB. The effect on proliferation and migration was specific to neuroblasts and likely mediated through increased levels of systemic IL-6 and local Cxcl12 expression in the SVZ. Our study raises the possibility of a new mechanism by which interplay between systemic and local alterations in inflammation regulates neurogenesis during aging.
Review of vibration devices for vibration-assisted machining
Authors: Zheng Lu , Chen Wanqun , Huo Dehong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVibration-assisted machining (VAM) is a process in which high-frequency small amplitude vibration is applied on tool or workpiece to improve cutting performance, especially for hard and brittle materials. It has been applied to several machining processes including drilling, turning, grinding, and milling. This paper offers a review for the vibration devices used in VAM process. The history and current status of the vibration devices are presented including the design theory and principles. The developed vibration devices are categorised in two groups, namely resonant and non-resonant modes. Advantages and limitations of these devices are summarized and discussed, including their development trend. In addition, the benefits and applications of vibration-assisted machining are also introduced.
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol activates GABAergic neurons in the reward system and inhibits feeding and maternal behaviours
Authors: Csikós Vivien , Varró Petra , Bódi Veronika , Oláh Szilvia , Világi Ildikó , Dobolyi Arpád 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeoxynivalenol (DON) or vomitoxin, is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum and culmorum. Mycotoxins or secondary metabolic products of mold fungi are micro-pollutants, which may affect human and animal health. The neuronal and behavioural actions of DON were analysed in the present study. To address, which neurons can be affected by DON, the neuronal activation pattern following intraperitoneal injection of DON (1 mg/kg) was investigated in adult male rats and the results were confirmed in mice, too. DON-induced neuronal activation was assessed by c-Fos immunohistochemistry. DON injection resulted in profound c-Fos activation in only the elements of the reward system, such as the accumbens nucleus, the medial prefrontal cortex, and the ventral tegmental area. Further double labelling studies suggested that GABAergic neurons were activated by DON treatment. To study the behavioural relevance of this activation, we examined the effect of DON on feed intake as an example of reward-driven behaviours. Following DON injection, feed consumption was markedly reduced but returned to normal the following day suggesting an inhibitory action of DON on feed intake without forming taste-aversion. To further test how general the effect of DON on goal-directed behaviours is, its actions on maternal behaviour was also examined. Pup retrieval latencies were markedly increased by DON administration, and DON-treated mother rats spent less time with nursing suggesting reduced maternal motivation. In a supplementary control experiment, DON did not induce conditioned place preference arguing against its addictive or aversive actions. The results imply that acute uptake of the mycotoxin DON can influence the reward circuit of the brain and exert inhibitory actions on goal-directed, reward-driven behaviours. In addition, the results also suggest that DON exposure of mothers may have specific implications.
Human multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) is a cellular efflux transporter for paracetamol glutathione and cysteine conjugates
Authors: Koenderink Jan B. , van den Heuvel Jeroen J. M. W. , Bilos Ab , Vredenburg Galvin , Vermeulen Nico P. E. , Russel Frans G. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParacetamol (acetaminophen, APAP) overdose is a leading cause of acute drug-induced liver failure. APAP hepatotoxicity is mediated by the reactive metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). NAPQI is inactivated by conjugation with glutathione (GSH) to APAP-GSH, which is further converted into its cysteine derivative APAP-CYS. Before necrosis of hepatocytes occurs, APAP-CYS is measurable in plasma of the affected patient and it has been proposed as an early biomarker of acetaminophen toxicity. APAP-GSH and APAP-CYS can be extruded by hepatocytes, but the transporters involved are unknown. In this study we examined whether ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a role in the cellular efflux of APAP, APAP-GSH, and APAP-CYS. The ABC transport proteins P-gp/ABCB1, BSEP/ABCB11, BCRP/ABCG2, and MRP/ABCC1-5 were overexpressed in HEK293 cells and membrane vesicles were produced. Whereas P-gp, BSEP, MRP3, MRP5, and BCRP did not transport any of the compounds, uptake of APAP-GSH was found for MRP1, MRP2 and MRP4. APAP-CYS appeared to be a substrate of MRP4 and none of the ABC proteins transported APAP. The results suggest that the NAPQI metabolite APAP-CYS can be excreted into plasma by MRP4, where it could be a useful biomarker for APAP exposure and toxicity. Characterization of the cellular efflux of APAP-CYS is important for its development as a biomarker, because plasma concentrations might be influenced by drug-transporter interactions and upregulation of MRP4.
Well-posedness and qualitative behaviour of the Mullins-Sekerka problem with ninety-degree angle boundary contact
Authors: Abels Helmut , Rauchecker Maximilian , Wilke Mathias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe show local well-posedness for a Mullins-Sekerka system with ninety degree angle boundary contact. We will describe the motion of the moving interface by a height function over a fixed reference surface. Using the theory of maximal regularity together with a linearization of the equations and a localization argument we will prove well-posedness of the full nonlinear problem via the contraction mapping principle. Here one difficulty lies in choosing the right space for the Neumann trace of the height function and showing maximal$$L_p{-}L_q$$Lp-Lq-regularity for the linear problem. In the second part we show that solutions starting close to certain equilibria exist globally in time, are stable, and converge to an equilibrium solution at an exponential rate.
Cross-linking/mass spectrometry at the crossroads
Authors: Piersimoni Lolita , Sinz Andrea 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCross-linking/mass spectrometry (XL-MS) has come a long way. Originally, XL-MS was used to study relatively small, purified proteins. Meanwhile, it is employed to investigate protein-protein interactions on a proteome-wide level, giving snapshots of cellular processes. Currently, XL-MS is at the intersection of a multitude of workflows and the impact this technique has in addressing specific biological questions is steadily growing. This article is intended to give a bird’s-eye view of the current status of XL-MS, the benefits of using MS-cleavable cross-linkers, and the challenges posed in the future development of this powerful technology. We also illustrate how XL-MS can deliver valuable structural insights into protein complexes when used in combination with other structural techniques, such as electron microscopy.