bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TINDAK PIDANA PEMILU DAN PROSES PENYELESAIANNYA BERDASARKAN UU NO. 8 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG PEMILIHAN UMUM WILAYAH SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Nurita Cut , Ridwan Lubis Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

Dengan diaturnya masalah tindak pidana Pemilihan Umum baik dalam KUH. Pidana maupun dalam UU No. 8 Tahun 2012 menunjukkan bahwa Pemilihan Umum itu merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan bernegara di Indonesia. Juga disadari, bahwa yang yang sangat penting adalah jika Pemilihan Umum tersebut bebas dari tindakan-tindakan yang bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai kejujuran dan keadilan. Dalam penulisan penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode telaah pustaka (library research) untuk mentelaah data-data sekunder yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan pembahasan maka ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pertanggungjawaban pidana pelaku tindak pidana pemilu dalam KUHP adalah apabila melakukan ancaman kekerasan, merintangi seseorang melakukan hak pilihnya, melakukan penyuapan terhadap seseorang dengan maksud agar tidak menjalankan hak pilihnya, melakukan penipuan yang menyebabkan hak pilih seseorang menjadi tidak berharga, melakukan pemalsuan identitas dan melakukan penipuan yang menyebabkan hasil pemungutan suara menjadi lain seolah-olah suara-suara yang diberikan sah. Pertanggungjawaban dan penyelesaian tindak pidana kampanye di luar prosedur dalam UU No. 8 Tahun 2012 dan mekanisme penyelesaian dalam UU No. 8 Tahun 2012 yang dilakukan Yenny Pardede dan Ety Mulyati dinyatakan telah melakukan tindak pidana melanggar perkara kampanye Pemilu Pasal 270 dan Pasal 274 sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 137 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah.
Costs and Returns Analysis of Maize Production in Lere Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya U. F. , Emeghara U. U. , Onwuegbunam N. E. , John R. Akanni- , Olagunju O. E. , Suleiman R. , Aasa O. S. , Agbomakha F. I. , Ganiyu L. , Olukotun O. 
Published: October 2020

This study was carried out to estimate costs and returns associated with maize production in Lere local government area of Kaduna state. Data were collected from a sample of 100 maize farmers selected through multi-stage sampling procedure using questionnaire and data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and net farm income analysis. The result showed that 82% were in their working age of between 21-50 years, majority of the farmers 53% were married, 91% had formal education, in terms of farming experience, majority (68%) of the respondent had farming experience that is above one year. The result revealed that maize farming is profitable investment in the study area with a total return of N 194,545.00 and net farm income of N 81,275.00 per hectare with a benefit cost ratio of 1.72 and a return on capital invested of 0.42. All the farmers identified maize as an important source of food to households in the study area. However maize farming is facing several constraints such as lack of capital (73%), high cost of farm inputs (69%), lack of credit facilities (67%), inadequate storage facilities (53%), inadequate processing facilities (50%), incidence of pests and diseases infestation (46%), poor road network (40%) and poor extension services (33%). Therefore, it is recommended that credit facilities should be provided so that farmers can have fund to purchase farm inputs such as fertilizer, pesticides and insecticides and be able to employ adequate labour, storage and processing facilities such as silo and shelling machine should be made available to farmers at subsidized and affordable price as a form of government intervention, adequate workshops and seminars especially on training farmers on methods of weed and pests control should be organized by extension agents and farmers should be encouraged to form themselves into cooperative groups so that they can pool their resources together in getting adequate funds to finance maize production activities.
FHL1 promotes glioblastoma aggressiveness through regulating EGFR expression
Authors: Sun Lili , Chen Lili , Zhu Hua , Li Yumo , Chen Clark C. , Li Ming 
Published: October 2020

The four‐and‐a‐half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1) plays a key role in multiple cancers. Here, we characterized its role in glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and incurable form of brain cancer. Overexpression of FHL1 promotes growth, migration, and invasion of GBM cells in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, FHL1 silencing by RNAi exhibits the opposite effects. FHL1 interacts with the transcription factor SP1 to upregulate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and activate the downstream signaling cascades, including Src, Akt, Erk1/2, and Stat3, leading to GBM malignancy. FHL1 is highly expressed and positively correlated with EGFR levels in human GBM, particularly those of the classical subtype. Our results suggest that the FHL1‐SP1‐EGFR axis plays a tumor‐promoting role, and highlight the translational potential of inhibiting FHL1 for GBM treatment.
Inorganic Nanomaterial‐Mediated Gene Therapy in Combination with Other Antitumor Treatment Modalities
Authors: Lin Guanyou , Revia Richard A. , Zhang Miqin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCancer is a genetic disease originating from the accumulation of gene mutations in a cellular subpopulation. Although many therapeutic approaches have been developed to treat cancer, recent studies have revealed an irrefutable challenge that tumors evolve defenses against some therapies. Gene therapy may prove to be the ultimate panacea for cancer by correcting the fundamental genetic errors in tumors. The engineering of nanoscale inorganic carriers of cancer therapeutics has shown promising results in the efficacious and safe delivery of nucleic acids to treat oncological diseases in small‐animal models. When these nanocarriers are used for co‐delivery of gene therapeutics along with auxiliary treatments, the synergistic combination of therapies often leads to an amplified health benefit. In this review, an overview of the inorganic nanomaterials developed for combinatorial therapies of gene and other treatment modalities is presented. First, the main principles of using nucleic acids as therapeutics, inorganic nanocarriers for medical applications and delivery of gene/drug payloads are introduced. Next, the utility of recently developed inorganic nanomaterials in different combinations of gene therapy with each of chemo, immune, hyperthermal, and radio therapy is examined. Finally, current challenges in the clinical translation of inorganic nanomaterial‐mediated therapies are presented and outlooks for the field are provided.
Recent Progress in Interconnection Layer for Hybrid Photovoltaic Tandems
Authors: Ko Yohan , Park HyunJung , Lee Chanyong , Kang Yoonmook , Jun Yongseok 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHybrid tandem solar cells offer the benefits of low cost and full solar spectrum utilization. Among the hybrid tandem structures explored to date, the most popular ones have four (simple stacking design) or two (terminal/tunneling layer addition design) terminal electrodes. Although the latter design is more cost‐effective than the former, its widespread application is hindered by the difficulty of preparing an interface between two solar cell materials. The oldest approach to the in‐series bonding of two or more bandgap solar cells relies on the introduction of a tunneling layer in multijunction III–V solar cells, but it has some limitations, e.g., the related materials/technologies are applicable only to III–V and certain other solar cells. Thus, alternative methods of realizing junction contacts based on the use of novel materials are highly sought after. Here, the strategies used to realize high‐performance tandem cells are described, focusing on interface control in terms of bonding two or more solar cells for tandem approaches. The presented information is expected to aid the establishment of ideal methods of connecting two or more solar cells to obtain the highest performance for different solar cell choices with minimized energy loss through the interface.
A Versatile Nonviral Delivery System for Multiplex Gene‐Editing in the Liver
Authors: Gong Jing , Wang Hong‐Xia , Lao Yeh‐Hsing , Hu Hanze , Vatan Naazanene , Guo Jonathan , Ho Tzu‐Chieh , Huang Dantong , Li Mingqiang , Shao Dan , Leong Kam W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent advances in CRISPR present attractive genome‐editing toolsets for therapeutic strategies at the genetic level. Here, a liposome‐coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (lipoMSN) is reported as an effective CRISPR delivery system for multiplex gene‐editing in the liver. The MSN provides efficient loading of Cas9 plasmid as well as Cas9 protein/guide RNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP), while liposome‐coating offers improved serum stability and enhanced cell uptake. Hypothesizing that loss‐of‐function mutation in the lipid‐metabolism‐related genespcsk9,apoc3, andangptl3would improve cardiovascular health by lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides, the lipoMSN is used to deliver a combination of RNPs targeting these genes. When targeting a single gene, the lipoMSN achieved a 54% gene‐editing efficiency, besting the state‐of‐art Lipofectamine CRISPRMax. For multiplexing, lipoMSN maintained significant gene‐editing at each gene target despite reduced dosage of target‐specific RNP. By delivering combinations of targeting RNPs in the same nanoparticle, synergistic effects on lipid metabolism are observed in vitro and vivo. These effects, such as a 50% decrease in serum cholesterol after 4 weeks of post‐treatment with lipoMSN carrying bothpcsk9andangptl3‐targeted RNPs, could not be reached with a single gene‐editing approach. Taken together, this lipoMSN represents a versatile platform for the development of efficient, combinatorial gene‐editing therapeutics.
Diversity of the international competitive performance of the food industry of the European Union member states
Authors: Juchniewicz Małgorzata , Łukiewska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of the study is to fill in gaps in research in the area of multifaceted evaluation of competitive performance of the food industry in European Union member states. The study involved calculation of the export share in the world market, the ratio of shown comparative advantage, the ratio of coverage of import with export and the Grubel–Lloyd index and then construction of a synthetic measure of international competitiveness in the years 2009–2012. The group of the states with a high competitive position of their food industry included the Netherlands, France, Spain, and Denmark. In the case of the Netherlands and France, this fact was determined, above all, by their high share in the export world, and in the case of Spain and Denmark, their significant comparative advantage. A considerable market share was also characteristic of Germany, which was ultimately classified as a country with a medium competitive position due to a relatively small importance of the industry in the entire export of this country. [EconLit Citations: F14, L66].
Carrier frequency of SMN1‐related spinal muscular atrophy in north Indian population: The need for population based screening program
Authors: Nilay Mayank , Moirangthem Amita , Saxena Deepti , Mandal Kausik , Phadke Shubha R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChromosome 5q related Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive, progressive, neuromuscular disorder most commonly caused by homozygous deletion of exon 7 or exon 7 and 8 of SMN1 gene. Being the leading genetic cause of infant mortality, studies of its prevalence and incidence are necessary. Carrier testing for the common pathogenic variant for SMA is offered to the couples visiting our tertiary care hospital in North India. Subjects were tested for SMA carrier status by Multiplex Ligation‐dependent Probe amplification (MLPA) technique for deletion of exons 7 and 8 of SMN1 gene. The retrospective data of individuals tested for SMA carrier status in last 4 years (2016–2019) was evaluated. Six hundred and six individuals without family history of SMA or carrier of SMA who were subjected to MLPA based screening for SMA carrier status were included in the study. The carrier frequency of SMN1 deletion (deletion of exon 7 and/or exon 8) was found to be 1 in 38 (16 out of 606). The catchment area of our medical genetics clinic covering the state of Uttar Pradesh (16.5% of Indian population according to censusindia.gov.in, 2011) and neighboring states, showing SMA carrier frequency of 1:38 in a cohort with no prior positive family history has important significance for policy making.
Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Tryptamines via Cyanide‐Catalyzed Imino‐Stetter Reaction
Authors: Kim Hyung Joo , Cheon Cheol‐Hong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein, we describe the development of a two‐step protocol for the synthesis of 2‐substituted tryptamine derivatives from 2‐aminocinnamyl nitriles and aldehydes. The cyanide‐catalyzed imino‐Stetter reaction of 2‐aminocinnamyl nitriles and aldehydes provided 2‐substituted indole‐3‐acetonitrile derivatives. Subsequent reduction of the nitrile group afforded the desired 2‐substituted tryptamine derivatives. The utility of this protocol was demonstrated in the synthesis of a potential inhibitor of 15‐lipoxygenase. Furthermore, the resulting 2‐substituted indole‐3‐acetonitriles were converted to several 2,3‐disubstituted indole derivatives upon transformation of the nitrile group into other functional groups.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed N‐Nitroso Directed C‐H Arylation for Facile Construction of Diverse N‐Hetero Biaryl Compounds
Authors: Wang Pei‐Long , Wang Yan , Li Yan , Wang Xi‐Sheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H arylation reaction of N‐nitrosoanilines has been developed in which arylboronic acids were used as arylation reagents. It provides an efficient strategy for the synthesis of N‐nitroso‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐amine, which is an important starting material for the synthesis of N‐hetero biaryl compounds, such as 2‐amine‐1,1′‐biphenyl, carbazole, phenanthridone. This protocol can be applied to various N‐alkyl substituted N‐nitrosoanilines and N‐nitrosoanilines with substituents on the phenyl ring. Arylboronic acids with both electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups are tolerated.
Investigating the interaction of mitoxantrone with anionic surfactants by spectrofluorimetry and its application for the feasible analysis of pharmaceutical preparation and biological fluids
Authors: Hamad Ahmed Abdulhafez , Ali Ramadan , Derayea Sayed M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe behaviour of mitoxantrone (MTX), an anthracenedione antineoplastic agent, in different types of organized medium was explored using molecular spectrofluorometry. The original fluorescence and quantum yield of MTX were augmented by about five‐fold in the aqueous buffered solution (Britton–Robinson, pH 3.0) by the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Enhancement in the fluorescence intensity did not come from the boost in the ultraviolet (UV) light absorbance of the drug in the presence of micelles but due to shielding of the lowest excited singlet state of the drug from a radiationless process inside the cavity of the micelle. Accordingly, a versatile, sensitive, and feasible spectrofluorimetric method was constructed and evaluated for MTX determination. Fluorescence measurements were performed at 675 nm (λex 610 nm). A linear relationship was shown between fluorescence intensity and drug concentration within the range 0.01–2.0 μg ml−1 of MTX with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and a detection limit of 2 ng ml−1. The developed method was effectively used for analysis of MTX in biological samples and dosage forms. In addition, the method was expanded to study the stability of MTX exposed to different drastic degradations and the kinetic parameters of the degradation were calculated.
Vitamin D levels are associated with trait resilience but not depression in a general population sample
Authors: Terock Jan , Hannemann Anke , Janowitz Deborah , Müller Jasmin , Völzke Henry , Grabe Hans J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionInsufficient vitamin D levels were found to be related to various psychiatric disorders and particularly depression. The functional polymorphisms rs4588 and rs7041 of the vitamin D‐binding protein (also group‐specific component or Gc) influence vitamin D level and activity. Resilience is considered the individual predisposition to maintain psychological functioning in the face of adversities. We sought to investigate whether associations of vitamin D levels and genotypes of rs4588 and rs7041 were associated with trait resilience and symptoms of depression.MethodsSerum levels of total 25(OH)D were measured in a general population sample (n = 1,908) of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐1). The Resilience Scale‐25 (RS‐25) was applied to assess trait resilience. Lifetime depressive symptoms were assessed using the CID‐S, while current depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI‐II). Study participants were genotyped for rs4588 and rs7041.ResultsParticipants with vitamin D insufficiency had lower adjusted mean RS‐25 scores as compared to vitamin D replete subjects (p = .002). Linear regression analyses revealed a positive association between 25(OH)D and RS‐25 scores (ß = 2.782, p = .002). Additional adjustment for BDI‐II scores slightly attenuated this result (ß = 1.830 and p = .026). Symptoms of depression and the lifetime diagnosis of MDD were not significantly associated with vitamin D concentrations. rs4588 and rs7041 showed strong associations with vitamin D concentrations (both p < .001), but not RS‐25 scores.ConclusionsIn contrast with previous studies, our findings do not provide evidence for a strong role of vitamin D in the psychopathology of depression. However, considering the role of trait resilience as a common protective factor to different psychiatric disorders, our results support the concept of low vitamin D as a general risk factor to stress‐related psychopathologies.
Surgical redo versus transseptal or transapical transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐valve implantation for failed mitral valve bioprosthesis
Authors: Simonetto Federico , Purita Paola A. M. , Malerba Massimiliano , Barbierato Marco , Pascotto Andrea , Mangino Domenico , Zanchettin Chiara , Tarantini Giuseppe , Gerosa Gino , D'Onofrio Augusto , Cernetti Carlo , Favero Luca , Daniotti Alessandro , Minniti Giuseppe , Caprioglio Francesco , Erente Giovanna , Hinna Danesi Tommaso , Frigo Anna Chiara , Ronco Federico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRedo surgical mitral valve replacement (SMVR) is the current standard of care for patients with failed bioprosthetic mitral valve (MV). Transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐valve replacement (TMViV) is arising as an alternative to SMVR in high risk patients. We sought to evaluate procedural safety, early and mid‐term outcomes of patients who underwent transseptal TMViV (TS‐TMViV), transapical TMViV (TA‐TMViV), or redo‐SMVR.MethodsWe identified patients with failed bioprosthetic MV who underwent TS‐TMViV, TA‐TMViV, or SMVR at four Italian Centers. Clinical and echocardiographic data were codified according to Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium definition (MVARC), except for significant valve stenosis.ResultsBetween December 2012 and September 27, 2019 patients underwent TS‐TMViV, 22 TA‐TMViV, and 29 redo‐SMVR. TS‐TMViV and TA‐TMViV patients presented higher mean age and surgical risk scores compared with SMVR group (77.8 ± 12 years, 77.3 ± 7.3 years, 67.8 ± 9.4 years, p < .001; STS PROM 8.5 ± 7.2; 8.9 ± 4.7; 3.6 ± 2.6, p < .001). TS‐TMViV procedure was associated with shorter intensive care unit time and total length of stay (LOS) compared with TA‐TMViV and SMVR group. There were no differences in MVARC procedural success at 30‐days (74.1, 72.7, and 51.7%, p = .15) and one‐year all‐cause mortality between groups (14.8, 18.2, and 17.2%, p = 1.0). MV mean gradient was similar between TS‐TMViV, TA‐TMViV, and SMVR groups at 30 days and 12 months.ConclusionsFor the selected patients, TS‐TMViV and TA‐TMViV are to be considered a valid alternative to redo‐SMVR with comparable 1‐year survival. TS‐TMViV is the less invasive strategy and has the advantage of shortening the LOS compared with TA‐TMViV.
Sex and age differences in locomotor and anxiety‐like behaviors in rats: From adolescence to adulthood
Authors: Bishnoi Indra R. , Ossenkopp Klaus‐Peter , Kavaliers Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRisk‐taking behaviors are a primary contributor to elevated adolescent injury and mortality. Locomotor and anxiety‐like behaviors in rodents have been used to examine risk‐taking. Here, we examined risk‐taking behavior (i.e., changes in locomotor and anxiety‐like behaviors) from early to late adolescence and adulthood in male and female rats in the open‐field (OF) apparatus and the light–dark (LD) test. We also examined whether these behaviors are affected by an early adolescent immune stressor, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Long‐Evans male and female rats were injected with LPS (200 μg/kg) or vehicle control in early adolescence (postnatal day [PND] 30 and 32). Anxiety‐like behavior and locomotor activity were measured in early (PND 38–40), late adolescence (PND 50), and adulthood (PND 88 and 98) in the OF and in early adolescence (PND 42) and adulthood (PND 90) in the LD test. Early and late adolescent rats displayed significantly greater locomotor and anxiety‐like behaviors than adult rats in the OF and LD test. Sex differences were also found, with adolescent and adult females displaying greater locomotor and anxiety‐like behaviors than male rats in the OF and LD tests. LPS administered two times in early adolescence did not have a significant impact on either locomotor or anxiety‐like behaviors suggesting minimal impact of the immune stressor.
Photo‐electrochemical activity and selectivity of nanocrystalline BaTiO3 electrodes in water oxidation
Authors: Klusáčková Monika , Nebel Roman , Krtil Petr , Krýsová Hana , Pittkowski Rebecca K. , Macounová Kateřina Minhová 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNanocrystalline BaTiO3 photocatalysts were prepared by spray‐freeze/freeze‐drying procedure in presence of structure directing gelatin. The synthetic approach yields materials with particle sizes ranging between 20 and 60 nm conforming to cubic perovskite structure. Regardless of the structural differences, the materials show particle size independent bandgap energy of ca. 3.27 eV. All prepared materials are photo‐electrochemically active in water oxidation with intrinsic activity decreasing with decreasing particle size. The photo‐electrochemical activity of BaTiO3 in water oxidation is pH dependent with the hole charge transfer processes being significantly suppressed in alkaline media. Such a behavior can be ascribed to deprotonation of surface OH groups encountered in alkaline media that promotes surface state catalyzed electron transfer reactions at the illuminated BaTiO3 surface. The barium titanate shows the ability to oxidize water with formation of oxygen and ozone. The ozone formation is pronounced on large nanocrystals particularly in acid media. No ozone formation was observed in alkaline solutions.