bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressive and anxiety symptoms in refugees: Insights from classical test theory, item response theory and network analysis
Authors: Schlechter Pascal , Wilkinson Paul O. , Knausenberger Judith , Wanninger Katharina , Kamp Svea , Morina Nexhmedin , Hellmann Jens H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractScreening tools developed for Western populations have produced heterogeneous prevalence estimates for depression and anxiety disorders among refugees. The use of these instruments assumes that psychopathological symptoms are manifested similarly across different cultural groups. Here, we scrutinized whether depressive and anxiety symptoms are manifested similarly between German residents and refugees in Germany. We tested measurement invariance, test information and specifics of symptom interrelations in 200 refugees and 202 German residents with classical test theory (CTT), item response theory (IRT) and network analysis. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire regarding depressive and anxiety symptoms in either Arabic or German. Measurement invariance was only present to a certain extent. Questionnaires were most informative on different spectrums of the latent traits for the two groups. Network analysis demonstrated that symptom interrelations of depressive and anxiety symptoms differed across residents and refugees. This was especially true for core symptoms of common nosological systems, such as losing interest or feeling depressed. Surprisingly, traumatic events in the past were not central in refugees' anxiety networks. Core symptoms of nosological systems seem to be differently pronounced in refugees and residents, which has important implications for our understanding of mental health symptoms in refugees.
Composition of the murine gut microbiome impacts humoral immunity induced by rabies vaccines
Authors: Zhang Yachun , Wu Qiong , Zhou Ming , Luo Zhaochen , Lv Lei , Pei Jie , Wang Caiqian , Chai Benjie , Sui Baokun , Huang Fei , Fu Zhen F. , Zhao Ling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating human and animal immune responses. Rabies is a fatal zoonosis causing encephalitis in mammals and vaccination is the most effective method to control and eliminate rabies. The relationship between the gut microbiome and humoral immunity post rabies vaccination has not been investigated yet.MethodsMice orally administrated with a cocktail of broad‐spectrum antibiotics were inoculated with rabies vaccines, and humoral immune response was analyzed at indicated time points. The 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from groups in vancomycin‐treated and untreated mice. Mice were immunized with rabies vaccines and virus‐neutralizing antibody (VNA) levels were measured, resulting in VNA high (H) and low (L) groups. Then 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from H and L group mice.ResultsAfter antibiotic (Abx) treatment, mice had decreased levels of rabies virus (RABV)‐specific IgM, IgG, and virus‐neutralizing antibody compared with untreated mice. Abx‐treated mice had fewer T follicular helper cells, germinal center B cells, and antibody secreting cells (ASCs) in lymph nodes than did untreated mice. Gut microbiome facilitated secondary immune responses by increasing the generation of ASCs. Treatment with vancomycin alone had a similarly impaired effect on the humoral immune responses compared with Abx‐treated mice. From the natural population group of mice received rabies vaccines, VNA titers vary significantly and the abundance of Clostridiales and Lachnospiraceae was positively associated with the antibody titers in mice.ConclusionsOur results provide the evidence that the gut microbiome impacts humoral immunity post rabies vaccination, and further investigation of the mechanism will help the development of novel adjuvants and vaccines.
Cytologic diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma in the Asia‐Pacific region
Authors: Liu Chih‐Yi , Bychkov Andrey , Agarwal Shipra , Zhu Yun , Hang Jen‐Fan , Lai Chiung‐Ru , Na Hee Young , Li Weiwei , Liu Zhiyan , Jain Deepali , Suzuki Ayana , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Chia Noel , Nga Min En , Jitpasutham Tikamporn , Keelawat Somboon , Park So Yeon , Satoh Shinya , Chen Chien‐Chin , Gunawardena Dilini , Kumarasinghe Priyanthi , Jung Chan Kwon , Kakudo Kennichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe accurate preoperative identification of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is challenging due to the rarity of tumor and variable cytologic appearance. The Asian experience with diagnosing MTC by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) was scarcely reported.MethodsCases of MTC with available FNA slides were enrolled from 13 hospitals representing 8 Asia‐Pacific countries. Clinicopathological information, including sample preparation technique, staining method, original cytologic diagnosis and review diagnosis were collected.ResultsOf a total of 145 MTC cases retrospectively recruited, 99 (68.3%) were initially interpreted as MTC/suspicious for MTC (S‐MTC). The distribution of original FNA diagnostic categories was not associated with the staining method or sample preparation technique. The staining methods used were Papanicolaou, hematoxylin‐eosin and Romanowsky stains. Liquid‐based cytology (LBC) was used only in three countries. After reviewing all cases, the diagnostic rate of MTC/S‐MTC increased to 91.7% (133/145). Cases with initially unrecognized MTC had either marked pleomorphism or cytology mimicking papillary carcinoma or follicular neoplasm. Although LBC provided certain benefits, there was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between conventional smear and LBC. Immunocytochemistry was available in 38 cases (26.2%), all of which were correctly recognized as MTC.ConclusionOur report summarizes how MTC is handled in contemporary Asian thyroid FNA practice. Although the detection rate of MTC by cytology alone is less satisfactory, integration with ancillary tests could achieve an excellent performance. The recognition of constitutive cytomorphologic features is needed for each cytopreparatory method, which may result in a lower threshold to initiate further workup for MTC.
Differential effects of heat in the phases of the light–dark cycle in the activity‐based anorexia model
Authors: Roura Ignacio , Fraga Ángela , Gutiérrez Emilio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis research builds on the studies on ambient temperature as a key influence in the recovery of rodents exposed to the activity‐based anorexia (ABA) model. The ABA model is an experimental paradigm in which rodents under a restricted feeding schedule and with free access to an activity wheel show signs that parallel those of anorexia nervosa in humans.ObjectiveThe present study focuses on the effects of applying heat during the different phases of the dark–light cycle in the activity levels, body weight, food intake, body temperature, and recovery rates of 30 male rats submitted to ABA.MethodAfter reaching a 20% weight loss criterion, animals were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: (a) continuous warming, (b) warming exclusively during the light phase, or (c) warming exclusively during the dark phase.ResultsDifferential effects were found depending on the modalities of warming: in comparison with either light or dark warming, continuous warming significatively decreased activity, facilitated weight gain, and maintained body temperature. Transient effects of warming were found both in the groups warmed either during light or dark periods exclusively.DiscussionThe results suggest that both light and dark warming did not promote recovery in animals exposed to ABA. Evidence about the beneficial effects of continuous warming are in line with previous research and reinforces adding external heat as a useful tool in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
Cannot see the diversity for all the species: Evaluating inclusion criteria for local species lists when using abundant citizen science data
Authors: Ruete Alejandro , Arlt Debora , Berg Åke , Knape Jonas , Żmihorski Michał , Pärt Tomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAbundant citizen science data on species occurrences are becoming increasingly available and enable identifying composition of communities occurring at multiple sites with high temporal resolution. However, for species displaying temporary patterns of local occurrences that are transient to some sites, biodiversity measures are clearly dependent on the criteria used to include species into local species lists. Using abundant opportunistic citizen science data from frequently visited wetlands, we investigated the sensitivity of α‐ and β‐diversity estimates to the use raw versus detection‐corrected data and to the use of inclusion criteria for species presence reflecting alternative site use. We tested seven inclusion criteria (with varying number of days required to be present) on time series of daily occurrence status during a breeding season of 90 days for 77 wetland bird species. We show that even when opportunistic presence‐only observation data are abundant, raw data may not produce reliable local species richness estimates and rank sites very differently in terms of species richness. Furthermore, occupancy model based α‐ and β‐diversity estimates were sensitive to the inclusion criteria used. Total species lists (all species observed at least once during a season) may therefore mask diversity differences among sites in local communities of species, by including vagrant species on potentially breeding communities and change the relative rank order of sites in terms of species richness. Very high sampling effort does not necessarily free opportunistic data from its inherent bias and can produce a pattern in which many species are observed at least once almost everywhere, thus leading to a possible paradox: The large amount of biological information may hinder its usefulness. Therefore, when prioritizing among sites to manage or preserve species diversity estimates need to be carefully related to relevant inclusion criteria depending on the diversity estimate in focus.
New algorithm to simulate fracture network propagation using stationary and moving coordinates in naturally fractured reservoirs
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Qi Zhilin , Yan Wende , Huang Xiaoliang , Xiao Qianhua , Mo Fei , Fang Feifei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInfluenced by natural fractures, fracture networks may be created when hydraulic fractures propagate in naturally fractured reservoirs. Simulating fracture network propagation is crucial to fracture design. In this paper, a two‐dimensional mathematical model for the direct simulation of fracture network propagation that considers fluid filtration and reservoir fluid flow is developed, and a simulation method is proposed based on the coupled flow idea of natural fractures and matrices in dual‐porosity media. The model uses dynamic coordinates to represent the extended hydraulic fracture network and static coordinates to describe natural fractures that have not been activated. The activation of natural fractures by a hydraulic fracture is determined according to the hydraulic fracture propagation scenario after an intersection with natural fractures. The geometric shape and size of the network fracture are obtained by changing the size of the simulated area and solving the mass balance, fracture width, and reservoir fluid flow equations numerically in a coupled manner. After validating the new model, a parameter sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the effects of injected fluid volume, fracture height, fracture spacing, elastic modulus, horizontal principal stress difference, pumping rate, and fracturing fluid viscosity on the fracture network shape, fracture network size, average fracture width, and fracture‐reservoir contact area. The numerical results indicate that the model can be directly used to simulate the propagation of fracture networks. The volume of injected fluid is the most critical factor affecting the fracture network size. Increasing the fluid viscosity and injection rate can increase the width of the fracture network and the average width of a secondary fracture. However, the total contact area of the reservoir and fracture will decrease, and the reservoir‐fracture contact area and fracture network size will increase with a decrease in the horizontal stress difference and increase in elastic modulus. Decreasing a fracture's height can significantly increase the size of the fracture network and reservoir‐fracture contact area.
Enhanced development of communication between the network and the end user by eliminating the interference signals inMIMOchannel
Authors: Amutha B , Malar A Christy Jeba , Nanmaran Karthick , Hussain D. Mansoor , Jeyakrishnan V , Karthikeyan M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThough the key technology for 5G communication is the massive Multiple input and multiple output (MIMO), it has a major drawback when the user generated inference signals are to be handled by several other users. When these interference signals are used in various users, issues concerning system ability, power management issues and QoS related issues arises with the involvement of MIMO channel. Though internet of things (IoT) making use of MIMO is still under development, the requirements of the IoT is quite different when compared to several other connections. Thus, taking into account the demands, the solutions were framed with the help of the proposed system. One such solution is the Partition Square and Cross‐Processing method that can possess several antennas at the given destination. Based on this solution obtained the data rate can be drastically increased correspondingly reducing the power consumed thus producing the most desirable result with high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Best victory is another such solution that solves the issues relating to power reduction thereby providing the best solution with minimum SNR. These solutions produced by the proposed system still has some disadvantages with respect to the following case: when the number of destination antennas is less than the number of source antennas. This case is considered as most common in the model proposed. For the above‐mentioned case, near optimal solution is produced by both the algorithms. In this article, the transmitters are represented by the source antenna and the receiver is represented by the destination antenna. Thus, with the help of IoT connectivity, major benefits can be bought to the massive MIMO channel.
A reliable nonfeedback transmission mechanism for asymmetric channels based on machine learning
Authors: Liu Jianhang , Ma Tiantian , Li Shibao , Cui Xuerong , Yuan Jing , Zhu Hu , Zhang Yucheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCross‐technology communication (CTC) enables data communication between heterogeneous wireless devices, which becomes the focus of current research. Due to the difference of communication distance, the transmission mode of the heterogeneous devices is mostly one‐hop transmission and multihop return. The mechanism of ensuring reliable transmission by sending ACK (ACKnowledge character) leads to longer transmission delays in asymmetric channels, especially for the ZigBee networks with low duty cycle. To solve this problem, this article proposes a new nonfeedback mechanism to reduce the communication delay on asymmetry channel. Through the method of fitting error, the random forest algorithm is improved, so that the training model can predict the current packet loss rate by judging channel conditions, receiver position, payload and other factors, so that the transmitter can accurately calculate the number of packets to be sent. The experimental results show that the loss rate predicted by this algorithm makes the transmission reliability be as high as 99.78%. Compared with the existing CTC technologies such as WeBee and NetCTC, the nonfeedback transmission mechanism put forward by us improves the transmission efficiency by 91.39% and 24.15%. The results show that the proposed mechanism greatly reduces transmission delay and improves channel utilization.
Novel super‐absorbent polymer‐grafted tea polyphenol composite inhibitor for the prevention of coal spontaneous combustion
Authors: Huang Zhian , Tian Ye , Shao Zhenlu , Gao Yukun , Zhang Yinghua , Li Jinyang , Zhu Hongyu 
Published: August 2020

SummaryAiming at the problems that the existing coal spontaneous combustion physical inhibitor has the disadvantages of short retarding time and low blocking efficiency, the novel super‐absorbent polymer‐grafted tea polyphenol composite inhibitor is prepared based on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of inhibitors. The orthogonal test was carried out with the water‐absorbent as the assessment index, and the optimum formulation of the composite inhibitor was obtained: the degree of neutralization was 90%, the amount of initiator was KPS (Potassium peroxydisulfate)/AA (Acroleic acid) = 1.2%, and the amount of cross‐linking agent was MBA (N,N' Methylene diene amide)/AA = 0.4%. The experimental results show that the temperature of the cross‐point of the coal sample treated by obtained composite inhibitor increased by 18°C compared with the raw coal, and the crossing point temperature delayed by 37 minutes, the activation energy increased by 38.552 kJ/mol. The further mechanism analysis shows that the inhibitor has good water‐retaining and water‐absorbing property. The function of cooling by absorbing heat, covering coal and insulating oxygen, and also inhibiting the oxidation activity of the coal molecule can effectively inhibit the spontaneous combustion of the coal.
Heterogeneity of astrocytes: Electrophysiological properties of juxtavascular astrocytes before and after brain injury
Authors: Götz Stefanie , Bribian Ana , López‐Mascaraque Laura , Götz Magdalena , Grothe Benedikt , Kunz Lars 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAstrocyte heterogeneity is increasingly recognized, but still little is known about juxtavascular astrocytes with their somata directly adjacent to blood vessels, despite their importance after brain injury. As juxtavascular astrocytes originate from common progenitor cells, that is, have a clonal origin, they may intrinsically differ from other, non‐juxtavascular astrocytes. To explore this, we examined the electrophysiological properties of these groups of astrocytes and the underlying ion channels. Using brain slices of BAC Aldh1l1‐eGFP transgenic mice with astrocytes labeled by GFP expression, we compared juxtavascular and non‐juxtavascular astrocytes in the somatosensory cortex by means of whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings and immunohistochemical staining. Prior to injury, juxta‐ and non‐juxtavascular astrocytes exhibit comparable electrophysiological properties with characteristic mostly passive conductance and a typical negative resting membrane potential. Immunohistochemical analysis of K+ channels showed that all astrocytes were Kir4.1+, but revealed an intriguing difference for Kv4.3. The expression of Kv4.3 in sibling astrocytes (non‐juxtavascular, juxtavascular and pial) was dependent on their ontogenetic origin with lowest levels in juxtavascular astrocytes located in upper cortical layers. After traumatic brain injury (TBI), we found profound changes in the electrophysiological type of astrocytes with a predominance of non‐passive properties and this pattern was significantly enriched in juxtavascular astrocytes. This was accompanied by pronounced down‐regulation of Kir4.1 in proliferating astrocytes, which was significantly more in juxtavascular compared to non‐juxtavascular astrocytes. Taken together, TBI induces profound differences in electrophysiological properties between juxtavascular and non‐juxtavascular astrocytes that might be related to the preponderance of juxtavascular astrocyte proliferation.
Are contralateral submental artery perforator flaps feasible for the reconstruction of postoperative defects of oral cancer?
Authors: Zhi‐jun Xie , Yue‐xiao Li , Bo‐Yu Guan , Ya‐Tin Jin , Si‐Si Li , Kun‐Min Zhao , Chang‐Fu Sun , Xue‐Xin Tan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the clinical applications of the reconstruction of postoperative defects of the oral cavity using contralateral submental artery flaps.MethodsA retrospective study of 18 patients with postoperative intraoral cancer defects reconstructed with contralateral submental artery perforator flaps between October 2018 and October 2019 in our department was conducted. The defect area, flap size, and complications were evaluated.ResultsAll patients were diagnosed based on pathological examinations: 2 with adenoid cystic carcinoma and 16 with squamous cell carcinoma. The submental artery perforator flap used for simultaneous repair was 8 to 15 cm in length and 4 to 6.5 cm in width. The survival rate of flap reconstruction was 100% with no donor site complications.ConclusionsContralateral submental artery flap reconstruction is a suitable alternative for moderate to large intraoral defects, postoperative mouth floor defects, and oral cavity composite defects of oral malignant tumors without contralateral lymph node metastases.
Autoclaving of Poloxamer 407 hydrogel and its use as a drug delivery vehicle
Authors: Beard Mary Catherine , Cobb Leah H. , Grant Christine S. , Varadarajan Anandavalli , Henry Taylor , Swanson Elizabeth A. , Kundu Santanu , Priddy Lauren B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith antibiotic‐resistant bacteria becoming increasingly prevalent, biomaterials capable of targeted, in situ drug delivery are urgently needed. The synthetic polymer Poloxamer 407 (P407) is of particular interest due to its thermoreversible gelation. Clinical use of P407 typically involves sterilization via autoclaving, but the effects of these extreme environmental conditions on hydrogel water content, rheological properties and efficacy as a drug delivery vehicle remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of autoclaving on the properties of P407 hydrogel. Autoclaving reduced hydrogel water content due to evaporation, thus increasing the polymer weight fraction of the hydrogels. In contrast, except for a reduction in gelation temperature following autoclaving, autoclaved hydrogels had similar rheological properties as nonautoclaved hydrogels. In vitro, autoclaving did not hinder the hydrogel's efficacy as a carrier for vancomycin antibiotic, and P407 (with and without vancomycin) had a bactericidal effect on planktonic Staphylococcus aureus. An in vivo pilot study using P407 to deliver bacteriophage highlighted the need for additional understanding of the functionality of the hydrogel for surgical applications. In conclusion, P407 hydrogel water content and gelation temperature were reduced by autoclave sterilization, while other rheological properties and the efficacy of the biomaterial as a delivery vehicle for vancomycin in vitro were unaffected.