bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second generation knockout sickle mice: the effect of HbF
Authors: Fabry Mary E. , Suzuka Sandra M. , Weinberg Rona S. , Lawrence Christine , Factor Stephen M. , Gilman John G. , Costantini Frank , Nagel Ronald L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSickle transgenic mice expressing exclusively human globins are desirable for studying pathophysiology and testing gene therapy strategies, but they must have significant pathology and show evidence of amelioration by antisickling hemoglobins. Mice were generated that expressed exclusively human sickle hemoglobin with 3 levels of HbF using their previously described sickle constructs (cointegrated human miniLCRα2 and miniLCRβS [PNAS 89:12150, 1992]), mouse α- and β-globin-knockouts, and 3 different human γ-transgenes. It was found that, at all 3 levels of HbF expression, these mice have balanced chain synthesis, nearly normal mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and, in some cases, F cells. Mice with the least adult HbF expression were the most severe. Progressive increase in HbF from less than 3% to 20% to 40% correlated with progressive increase in hematocrit (22% to 34% to 40%) and progressive decrease in reticulocyte count (from 60% to 30% to 13%). Urine concentrating ability was normalized at high HbF, and tissue damage detected by histopathology and organ weight were ameliorated by increased HbF. The γ-transgene that produces intermediate levels of HbF was introduced into knockout sickle mice described by Pàszty and coworkers that express the miniLCRα1GγAγδβStransgene and have fetal but not adult expression of HbF. It was found that the level of HbF required to ameliorate low hematocrit and normalize urine concentrating defect was different for the miniLCRα2βS and miniLCRα1GγAγδβS mice. We conclude that knockout mice with the miniLCRα2βS transgene and postnatal expression of HbF have sufficiently faithful sickle pathology to serve as a platform for testing antisickling interventions.
Targeted inhibition of calcineurin signaling blocks calcium-dependent reactivation of Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus
Authors: Zoeteweij J. Paul , Moses Ashlee V. , Rinderknecht Andrea S. , Davis David A. , Overwijk Willem W. , Yarchoan Robert , Orenstein Jan M. , Blauvelt Andrew 
Published: July 2002

AbstractKaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with KS, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman disease. Reactivation of KSHV in latently infected cells and subsequent plasma viremia occur before the development of KS. Intracellular signaling pathways involved in KSHV reactivation were studied. In latently infected PEL cells (BCBL-1), KSHV reactivation in single cells was determined by quantitative flow cytometry. Viral particle production was determined by electron microscope analyses and detection of minor capsid protein in culture supernatants. Agents that mobilized intracellular calcium (ionomycin, thapsigargin) induced expression of KSHV lytic cycle-associated proteins and led to increased virus production. Calcium-mediated virus reactivation was blocked by specific inhibitors of calcineurin-dependent signal transduction (cyclosporine, FK506). Similarly, calcium-mediated virus reactivation in KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells was blocked by cyclosporine. Furthermore, retroviral transduction with plasmid DNA encoding VIVIT, a peptide specifically blocking calcineurin-NFAT interactions, inhibited calcium-dependent KSHV reactivation. By contrast, chemical induction of lytic-phase infection by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate was blocked by protein kinase C inhibitors, but not by calcineurin inhibitors. In summary, calcineurin-dependent signal transduction, an important signaling cascade in vivo, induces calcium-dependent KSHV replication, providing a possible target for the design of antiherpesvirus strategies in KSHV-infected patients.
Lack of neighborhood effects from a transcriptionally active phosphoglycerate kinase–neo cassette located between the murine β-major and β-minor globin genes
Authors: Kaufman Richard M. , Lu Zhi Hong , Behl Rajesh , Holt Jo M. , Ackers Gary K. , Ley Timothy J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
For the treatment of β-globin gene defects, a homologous recombination-mediated gene correction approach would provide advantages over random integration-based gene therapy strategies. However, “neighborhood effects” from retained selectable marker genes in the targeted locus are among the key issues that must be taken into consideration for any attempt to use this strategy for gene correction. An Ala-to-Ile mutation was created in the β6 position of the mouse β-major globin gene (β6I) as a step toward the development of a murine model system that could serve as a platform for therapeutic gene correction studies. The marked β-major gene can be tracked at the level of DNA, RNA, and protein, allowing investigation of the impact of a retained phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)-neo cassette located between the mutant β-major and β-minor globin genes on expression of these 2 neighboring genes. Although the PGK-neo cassette was expressed at high levels in adult erythroid cells, the abundance of the β6I mRNA was indistinguishable from that of the wild-type counterpart in bone marrow cells. Similarly, the output from the β-minor globin gene was also normal. Therefore, in this specific location, the retained, transcriptionally active PGK-neo cassette does not disrupt the regulated expression of the adult β-globin genes.
Rabaptin-5 is a novel fusion partner to platelet-derived growth factor β receptor in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Magnusson Magnus K. , Meade Kristin E. , Brown Kevin E. , Arthur Diane C. , Krueger Lisa A. , Barrett A. John , Dunbar Cynthia E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractChromosomal translocations involving the platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR) gene have been reported in some patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). The resultant fusion proteins have constitutive PDGFβR tyrosine kinase activity, but the partner genes previously reported(tel, Huntingtin interacting protein 1[HIP-1], H4/D10S170) have poorly understood roles in the oncogenic activity of the fusion proteins. A novel PDGFβR fusion protein has been characterized in a patient with CMML and an acquired t(5;17)(q33;p13). Southern blot analysis on patient leukemia cells demonstrated involvement of the PDGFβR gene. Using 5′ rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends–polymerase chain reaction (RACE-PCR) on patient RNA, rabaptin-5 was identified as a novel partner fused in-frame to thePDGFβR gene. The new fusion protein includes more than 85% of the native Rabaptin-5 fused to the transmembrane and intracellular tyrosine kinase domains of the PDGFβR. Transduction with a retroviral vector expressing rabaptin-5/PDGFβRtransformed the hematopoietic cell line Ba/F3 to growth factor independence and caused a fatal myeloproliferative disease in mice. Rabaptin-5 is a well-studied protein shown to be an essential and rate-limiting component of early endosomal fusion through interaction with the Ras family GTPases Rab5 and Rab4. The fusion protein includes 3 of 4 coiled-coil domains (involved in homodimerization of native rabaptin-5), 2 caspase-3 cleavage sites, and a binding site for the tumor suppressor gene tuberin (tuberous sclerosis complex-2). Early endosomal transport is critical in regulation of various growth factor receptors, through ligand-induced clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and thus this new fusion protein links together 2 important pathways of growth regulation.
TT virus contaminates first-generation recombinant factor VIII concentrates
Authors: Azzi Alberta , De Santis Riccardo , Morfini Massimo , Zakrzewska Krystyna , Musso Roberto , Santagostino Elena , Castaman Giancarlo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRecombinant factor VIII and factor IX concentrates, human-plasma–derived albumin, and samples from previously untreated patients with hemophilia were examined for the presence of TT virus (TTV) by using polymerase chain reaction testing. Blood samples from the patients were obtained prospectively before and every 3 to 6 months after therapy was begun. TTV was detected in 23.5% of the recombinant-product lots and 55.5% of the albumin lots tested. Only first-generation factor VIII recombinant concentrates stabilized with human albumin were positive for TTV, whereas all second-generation (human protein–free) concentrates were negative for the virus. In 59% of patients treated with either first- or second-generation recombinant factor concentrates, TTV infection developed at some point after the initial infusion. Infection with TTV in these patients before and after treatment did not appear to be clinically important. Thus, first-generation recombinant factor VIII concentrates may contain TTV and the source of the viral contamination may be human albumin.
Interleukin-7 and interleukin-15 regulate the expression of thebcl-2 and c-myb genes in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells
Authors: Qin Jian-Zhong , Zhang Chun-Lei , Kamarashev Jivko , Dummer Reinhard , Burg Günter , Döbbeling Udo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractInterleukin-7 (IL-7) and IL-15 have been recently identified as growth factors for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cells, and they protect these cells from cell death. Using the CTCL cell line SeAx as a test system now shows that IL-7 and IL-15 are indeed necessary to maintain high levels of bcl-2. The up-regulation of bcl-2 was paralleled by increased DNA-binding activities of the transcription factors STAT2, STAT5, STAT6, and c-Myb to bcl-2gene promoter–enhancer elements. Because STAT5 and c-Myb positively regulate bcl-2, IL-7 and IL-15 may mediate some of their effects on cell death survival gene expression through these 2 factors. Constitutive activities of the 3 STAT factors and c-Myb were found in the IL-7– and IL-15–independent CTCL cell lines HUT78 and MyLa 2059. The c-Myb protein was also present in CTCL cells of the skin lesions of all investigated patients. These results indicate that IL-7 and IL-15 may increase bcl-2 expression in CTCL cells by the activation of c-myb and STAT factors.
Psychosocial factors and chronic illness in childhood
Authors: Zimmermann Tansella C 
Published: July 2002

SummaryChronic illness in a child requires successful organisational and emotional adjustment of the child and the family. The way in which the child and the family adapt to the illness will affect their psychological well-being and their quality of life. This review summarizes recent research findings on the relationship between illness factors, individual and family functioning, coping strategies and psychosocial adjustment. The findings are presented within the framework of three complementary theoretical models: the family developmental approach; the psychosocial typology of illnesses; and the process model of stress and coping. These models are useful for a better understanding of the complex interactions between illness, family and coping and offer to the professionals engaged in the care of chronically sick children, guidelines for assessment and the development of intervention programs. The review starts with examining the impact of chronic illness on the psychosocial adjustment of the sick child, his/her siblings and parents. Then psychosocial Stressors and risk factors in terms of illness and family related characteristics are discussed. Coping resources and strategies are presented which have been shown to be related to child and parental adjustment; and finally, successful intervention programs are described.
Lack of association between cholesterol blood levels and platelet serotonin uptake
Authors: Modai I , Valevski A , Kikinzon L , Jerushalmy Z , Weizman A 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIt has been suggested that low serum cholesterol interferes with brain serotonergic functioning, which results in increased suicidal and aggressive tendencies. To test this hypothesis we investigated the relationship between serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride levels, and serotonin uptake by blood platelets in 17 healthy men aged 39.5 ± 10.2 years. Platelet serotonin uptake and serum lipids were assayed concomitantly for each individual. Serum cholesterol levels and other serum lipid levels did not correlate with serotonin uptake by platelets at the concentration of 2 × 10−5 M (a concentration within the maximal uptake capacity range). The results indicate no influence of cholesterol on serotonin uptake, as opposed to some investigators who suggested that high risk of suicide and aggressiveness in hypocholesterolemic individuals is related to impaired serotonin transport.
The effects of tgf‐β1 on chick embryo retina development in vitro
Authors: Calvaruso G. , Gerbino E. , Lauricella M. , Tesoriere G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper studies the effect exerted by TGF‐β1 on the development of chick embryo retina cultured in vitro. The addition of TGF‐β1 to retinal explants inhibited DNA synthesis, measured as 3H‐thymidine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid‐insoluble fraction, while it increased both wet weight and protein content, in particular that of extracellular matrix proteins. Lastly, in explants treated with TGF‐β1 an increment in the level of fibronectin was demonstrated by means of Western blotting analysis.
LncRNA AATBC regulates Pinin to promote metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tang Ting , Yang Liting , Cao Yujian , Wang Maonan , Zhang Shanshan , Gong Zhaojian , Xiong Fang , He Yi , Zhou Yujuan , Liao Qianjin , Xiang Bo , Zhou Ming , Guo Can , Li Xiaoling , Li Yong , Xiong Wei , Li Guiyuan , Zeng Zhaoyang 
Published: May 2020

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) have emerged as crucial regulators for a myriad of biological processes, and perturbations in their cellular expression levels have often been associated with cancer pathogenesis. In this study, we identified AATBC (apoptosis‐associated transcript in bladder cancer, LOC284837) as a novel lncRNA. AATBC was found to be highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and increased AATBC expression was associated with poor survival in patients with NPC. Furthermore, AATBC promoted migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro, as well as metastasis in vivo. AATBC upregulated the expression of the desmosome‐associated protein pinin (PNN) through miR‐1237‐3p sponging. In turn, PNN interacted with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) activator ZEB1 and upregulated ZEB1 expression to promote EMT in NPC cells. Collectively, our results indicate that AATBC promotes NPC progression through the miR‐1237‐3p–PNN–ZEB1 axis. Our findings indicate AATBC as a potential prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target in NPC.
The cycle of violence as a function of PTSD and appetitive aggression: A longitudinal study with Burundian soldiers
Authors: Nandi Corina , Crombach Anselm , Elbert Thomas , Bambonye Manassé , Pryss Rüdiger , Schobel Johannes , Weierstall‐Pust Roland 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring deployment, soldiers face situations in which they are not only exposed to violence but also have to perpetrate it themselves. This study investigates the role of soldiers' levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and appetitive aggression, that is, a lust for violence, for their engaging in violence during deployment. Furthermore, factors during deployment influencing the level of PTSD symptoms and appetitive aggression after deployment were examined for a better comprehension of the maintenance of violence. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 468 Burundian soldiers before and after a 1‐year deployment to Somalia. To predict violent acts during deployment (perideployment) as well as appetitive aggression and PTSD symptom severity after deployment (postdeployment), structural equation modeling was utilized. Results showed that the number of violent acts perideployment was predicted by the level of appetitive aggression and by the severity of PTSD hyperarousal symptoms predeployment. In addition to its association with the predeployment level, appetitive aggression postdeployment was predicted by violent acts and trauma exposure perideployment as well as positively associated with unit support. PTSD symptom severity postdeployment was predicted by the severity of PTSD avoidance symptoms predeployment and trauma exposure perideployment, and negatively associated with unit support. This prospective study reveals the importance of appetitive aggression and PTSD hyperarousal symptoms for the engagement in violent acts during deployment, while simultaneously demonstrating how these phenomena may develop in mutually reinforcing cycles in a war setting.
Fast Rate and Long Life Potassium‐Ion Based Dual‐Ion Battery through 3D Porous Organic Negative Electrode
Authors: Yu Ao , Pan Qingguang , Zhang Miao , Xie Donghao , Tang Yongbing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPotassium‐based dual ion batteries (K‐DIBs) with potassium cation (K+) intercalation graphitic anodes have been investigated for their potential in large‐scale energy storage applications owing to their merits of low cost and environmental friendly. Nonetheless, graphite anodes are plagued by volume expansion from the large K+ ions and the co‐intercalation of solvent molecules during the charging. Accordingly, organic materials stand out for the flexible adjustable structures and abundant active sites, which can accommodate cations by multiple functional groups without structural collapse. However, K‐DIBs based on organic anodes have rarely been investigated. Herein, 3D porous dipotassium terephthalate nanosheets are synthesized via a freeze‐dry method as the K‐DIB anode, which can reversibly store K+ ions at a fast rate with a high specific capacity and robust stability due to the sufficient redox active sites and diffusion pathways of K+ ions in the 3D porous structure. Consequently, a novel K‐DIB configuration combining this fast kinetics organic anode and environmental friendly expanded graphite (EG) cathode is constructed (pK2TP//EG), which exhibits a high specific capacity (68 mAh g‐1 at 2 C), good rate performance up to 20 C, and long cycling life with a capacity retention ~100% after 2000 cycles, which is the best performance observed among reported K‐DIBs.
Densified Metallic MoS2/Graphene Enabling Fast Potassium‐Ion Storage with Superior Gravimetric and Volumetric Capacities
Authors: Yao Kai , Xu Zhanwei , Ma Meng , Li Jiayin , Lu Fanyu , Huang Jianfeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe potassium‐ion battery (PIB) is an attractive energy storage device that possesses the potential advantages of high energy density and low cost. Herein, a pure 1T‐MoS2 is synthesized on graphene oxide and assembled into a hydrogel. The hydrogel is further tightened to a compact 1T‐MoS2/graphene (CTMG) bulk by a densifying strategy of capillary tension. When employed as an anode for PIBs, the CTMG electrode can store K+ through reversible intercalation and conversion electrochemistry, accompanied with fast kinetics since the 1T‐MoS2 induces a pseudocapacitive storage mechanism and the extraordinary K+ transportation ability. Consequently, the CTMG electrode delivers the high and reversible rate capacities of 511 and 327 mAh g‐1 at 0.1 and 1 A g‐1, respectively. Moreover, the compact architecture reduces the electrode thickness by ≈33% enabling a high volumetric capacity (512 mAh cm‐3 at 0.1 A g‐1 after 100 cycles), as well as holding a promising application in thick electrode.
Multifunctional Bio‐Nanocomposite Coatings for Perishable Fruits
Authors: Jung Seohui , Cui Yufei , Barnes Morgan , Satam Chinmay , Zhang Shenxiang , Chowdhury Reaz A. , Adumbumkulath Aparna , Sahin Onur , Miller Corwin , Sajadi Seyed M. , Sassi Lucas M. , Ji Yue , Bennett Matthew R. , Yu Miao , Friguglietti Jefferson , Merchant Fatima A. , Verduzco Rafael , Roy Soumyabrata , Vajtai Robert , Meredith J. Carson , Youngblood Jeffrey P. , Koratkar Nikhil , Rahman Muhammad M. , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHunger and chronic undernourishment impact over 800 million people, which translates to ≈10.7% of the world's population. While countries are increasingly making efforts to reduce poverty and hunger by pursuing sustainable energy and agricultural practices, a third of the food produced around the globe still is wasted and never consumed. Reducing food shortages is vital in this effort and is often addressed by the development of genetically modified produce or chemical additives and inedible coatings, which create additional health and environmental concerns. Herein, a multifunctional bio‐nanocomposite comprised largely of egg‐derived polymers and cellulose nanomaterials as a conformal coating onto fresh produce that slows down food decay by retarding ripening, dehydration, and microbial invasion is reported. The coating is edible, washable, and made from readily available inexpensive or waste materials, which makes it a promising economic alternative to commercially available fruit coatings and a solution to combat food wastage that is rampant in the world.
Anisotropy of Charge Transport in a Uniaxially Aligned Fused Electron‐Deficient Polymer Processed by Solution Shear Coating
Authors: Xiao Mingfei , Kang Boseok , Lee Seon Baek , Perdigão Luís M. A. , Luci Alex , Warr Daniel A. , Senanayak Satyaprasad P. , Nikolka Mark , Statz Martin , Wu Yutian , Sadhanala Aditya , Schott Sam , Carey Remington , Wang Qijing , Lee Mijung , Kim Chaewon , Onwubiko Ada , Jellett Cameron , Liao Hailiang , Yue Wan , Cho Kilwon , Costantini Giovanni , McCulloch Iain , Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrecise control of the microstructure in organic semiconductors (OSCs) is essential for developing high‐performance organic electronic devices. Here, a comprehensive charge transport characterization of two recently reported rigid‐rod conjugated polymers that do not contain single bonds in the main chain is reported. It is demonstrated that the molecular design of the polymer makes it possible to achieve an extended linear backbone structure, which can be directly visualized by high‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The rigid structure of the polymers allows the formation of thin films with uniaxially aligned polymer chains by using a simple one‐step solution‐shear/bar coating technique. These aligned films show a high optical anisotropy with a dichroic ratio of up to a factor of 6. Transport measurements performed using top‐gate bottom‐contact field‐effect transistors exhibit a high saturation electron mobility of 0.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 along the alignment direction, which is more than six times higher than the value reported in the previous work. This work demonstrates that this new class of polymers is able to achieve mobility values comparable to state‐of‐the‐art n‐type polymers and identifies an effective processing strategy for this class of rigid‐rod polymer system to optimize their charge transport properties.