bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of echocardiography on parental anxiety in children with innocent murmurs
Authors: Ip Fiona H L , Hay Margaret , Menahem Samuel 
Published: January 2020

AimHeart murmurs are not uncommon in childhood. Once noted, they may induce appreciable parental anxiety even if the likely diagnosis is that of an innocent murmur. This study aimed to clarify if a confirmatory echocardiogram may increase parental understanding and reduce their anxiety even though the murmur had been diagnosed as being innocent by an experienced paediatric cardiologist.MethodsParents of children referred to a paediatric cardiologist for evaluation of a murmur were asked to complete a State Trait Anxiety Inventory after the cardiologist's clinical diagnosis of an innocent murmur. The questionnaire was repeated after cross‐sectional echocardiography to assess if there was a change in the parental understanding regarding their child's murmur and to review their level of anxiety.ResultsOver the time available for the study, 62 parents were recruited consecutively wherever possible. Forty‐eight (77%) completed both questionnaires. There was a reduction in the state anxiety level following the echocardiogram in parents who exhibited a high (n = 23) or even a low‐level trait anxiety (n = 25) (P < 0.05). Enhanced parental understanding of the diagnosis was also demonstrated.ConclusionsReduced parental anxiety and an increase in their understanding after echocardiography suggested that the procedure may have an important role in the management of innocent murmurs even after the initial reassurance by a paediatric cardiologist.
What are the self‐reported unmet dental treatment needs of people living with HIV in British Columbia? A case of minority subpopulation in Canada
Authors: Jessani Abbas , Aleksejuniene Jolanta , Donnelly Leeann , Phillips J. Craig , Nicolau Belinda , Brondani Mario 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo identify associations of Andersen and Newman's (A&N) predisposing, enabling, and need factors with self‐reported oral health status and self‐reported unmet dental treatment needs in a sample of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in British Columbia (BC), Canada.MethodsParticipants responded anonymously to a 41‐item online questionnaire with the following inclusion criteria: a) be at least 19 years old; b) self‐identify as HIV‐positive; c) be able to provide consent and be willing to voluntarily participate in the study; d) be residing in British Columbia; and e) be able to proficiently respond to the questions in English. Following the descriptive statistics, associations between A&N model factors and the main outcome variables (self‐reported oral health status and self‐reported dental treatment needs) were evaluated using bivariate inferential analyses.ResultsA total of 186 participants met the inclusion criteria. Approximately 40% (n = 74) of participants rated the health of their mouth as fair/poor and more than half (n = 112; 60.2%) reported having bleeding gums, tooth decay or tooth sensitivity. The bivariate analysis for the self‐reported oral status as the outcome variable showed “having fair/poor general health” (P = 0.001), “unemployment” (P = 0.019), “avoiding dental treatment due to cost” (P = 0.005), and “not visiting a dental professional within the last year” (P < 0.001) as the strongest predictors. For the second outcome variable unmet dental treatment needs, the strongest predictors were “experience of being discriminated by dental professionals” (P = 0.001), “having fair/poor general health” (P = 0.006), and “suffering from past and current medical conditions due to HIV” (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSeveral predisposing, enabling and need factors from the A&N model were associated with self‐reported oral health status and unmet dental treatment needs of PLHIV. Results from this study highlight the needs of improving access to affordable dental care to address the unmet oral health needs of PLHIV.
Association between abdominal ultrasound findings, the specific canine pancreatic lipase assay, clinical severity indices, and clinical diagnosis in dogs with pancreatitis
Authors: Cridge Harry , Sullivant Alyssa M. , Wills Robert W. , Lee Alison M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundA clinical diagnosis (CDx) of pancreatitis includes evaluation of clinical signs, abdominal ultrasound (AUS), and pancreatic lipase. However, practitioners are using AUS to diagnose pancreatitis and are using AUS severity to guide decisions. The validity of this is unknown.ObjectivesTo determine whether (1) there is a correlation between AUS, specific canine pancreatic lipase (Spec cPL) assay, and CDx; (2) individual AUS abnormalities correlate more closely with CDx than others; (3) AUS severity mirrors clinical severity indices; (4) changes in AUS can be used as a marker for changes in Spec cPL or CDx; and (5) the sensitivity and specificity of AUS for pancreatitis.AnimalsOne hundred fifty‐seven dogs.MethodsIn this retrospective case study, inclusion criteria were signs of gastrointestinal, pancreatic disease, or both, in addition to having a Spec cPL and AUS performed within 30 hours. Information extracted from the records included bloodwork, Spec cPL, AUS images/clips, and severity of ultrasonographic findings.ResultsAUS was weakly correlated with Spec cPL (rs= .0178,P= .03) and moderately correlated with CDx (rs= .379,P= <.001). Pancreatic size (rs= .285,P= <.001), echogenicity (rs= .365,P= <.001), and mesenteric echogenicity (rs= .343,P= <.001) were correlated with CDx. Change in AUS was not correlated with Spec cPL or CDx changes. When pancreatic enlargement, echogenicity, or altered mesenteric echogenicity were required for a diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity were 89% (95% confidence interval [CI] 71.8, 97.7) and 43% (95% CI 34.0, 51.6). When all 3 criteria were required, the sensitivity and specificity were 43% (95% CI 24.5, 62.8) and 92% (95% CI 85.3, 95.7).ConclusionsAUS should not be used in isolation to diagnose pancreatitis and is a poor indicator of severity.
Gut microbiota compositional and functional fingerprint in patients with alcohol use disorder and alcohol‐associated liver disease
Authors: Addolorato Giovanni , Ponziani Francesca R. , Dionisi Tommaso , Mosoni Carolina , Vassallo Gabriele A. , Sestito Luisa , Petito Valentina , Picca Anna , Marzetti Emanuele , Tarli Claudia , Mirijello Antonio , Zocco Maria Assunta , Lopetuso Loris R. , Antonelli Mariangela , Rando Maria M. , Paroni Sterbini Francesco , Posteraro Brunella , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Gasbarrini Antonio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground & aimsAlcohol use disorder (AUD) represents the most common cause of liver disease. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of alcohol‐related liver damage. Aim of this study was to characterize the gut microbial composition and function in AUD patients with alcohol‐associated liver disease (AALD).MethodsThis study included 36 AUD patients (14 with cirrhosis) who were active drinkers and an equal number of matched controls. Stool microbial composition, serum levels of lipopolysaccharide, cytokines/chemokines and gut microbiota functional profile were assessed.ResultsAUD patients had a decreased microbial alpha diversity as compared to controls (0.092 vs 0.130, P = .047) and a specific gut microbial signature. The reduction of Akkermansia and the increase in Bacteroides were able to identify AUD patients with an accuracy of 93.4%. Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (4.91 vs 2.43, P = .009) and pro‐inflammatory mediators (tumour necrosis factor alpha 60.85 vs 15.08, P = .001; interleukin [IL] 1beta 4.43 vs 1.72, P = .0001; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 225.22 vs 16.43, P = .006; IL6 1.87 vs 1.23, P = .008) were significantly increased in AUD patients compared to controls and in cirrhotic patients compared to non‐cirrhotic ones (IL6 3.74 vs 1.39, P = .019; IL8 57.60 vs 6.53, P = .004). The AUD‐associated gut microbiota showed an increased expression of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolic pathways and energy metabolism.ConclusionsAUD patients present a specific gut microbial fingerprint, associated with increased endotoxaemia, systemic inflammatory status and functional alterations that may be involved in the progression of the AALD and in the pathogenesis of AUD.
Damping estimation using enhanced virtual dynamic shaker: A web‐enabled framework
Authors: Kwon Dae‐Kun , Hwang Jae‐Seung , Kareem Ahsan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDamping estimation from laboratory, full‐scale, or computational simulation is critical in response prediction of structures under wind, waves, or earthquake effects. A virtual dynamic shaker (VDS)‐based scheme was recently developed for system identification (SI) of structures for processing (weakly) stationary responses, that is, frequency and damping features that offers, especially the added advantage of its basic simplicity over other schemes. While the VDS has shown performance, equivalent to other popular SI schemes, it is based on the assumption of the global flatness of the load spectrum (i.e., white noise assumption) like used in most other SI schemes, which may not always be appropriate in practical applications. In addition, it is restricted to data from a single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) response (or unimodal response) to obtain accurate modal characteristics. To address these potential shortcomings, this study revisits the VDS scheme and offers an enhancement by invoking local flatness assumption (EVDS) to possibly improve the damping estimation with the assumption that the load spectrum is flat only around the natural frequencies of the desired modes. A new formulation involving the effect of the ground motion induced vertical vibrations of a building is also introduced for both the VDS and the EVDS. Extensive examples through numerical simulation and full‐scale data, including a comparison with other popular SI schemes, demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed EVDS scheme. To facilitate expeditious and convenient utilization of the proposed EVDS as well as the VDS, this study has implemented a web‐enabled framework, named VDS‐Damping, for on‐demand and on‐the‐fly applications through user‐friendly input and result interfaces. A recently developed mode decomposition scheme, state space‐based mode decomposition (SSBMD), is implemented in the framework to assist in analyzing output from multiple modes and eliminates restriction of SDOF system. Accordingly, the SSBMD can also serve as a stand‐alone mode decomposition tool to separate response in each mode. This framework enables users to estimate damping on‐the‐fly by uploading with ease their data.
Modelling optimal timing and frequency of insecticide sprays for eradication or knockdown of closed populations of tsetse flies Glossina spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae)
Authors: Barclay H. J. , Hargrove J. W. , van den Driessche P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA population model for tsetse species was used to assess the optimal number and spacing of airborne sprays to reduce or eradicate a tsetse population. It was found that the optimal spray spacing was determined by the time (days) from adult emergence to the first larviposition and, for safety, spacing was assigned to that duration minus 2 days. If sprays killed all adults, then the number of sprays required for eradication is determined by a simple formula. If spray efficiency is less than 100% kill per spray, then a simulation was used to determine the optimal number, which was strongly affected by spray efficiency, mean daily temperature, pupal duration, age to first larviposition and the acceptance threshold for control, rather than eradication. For eradication, it is necessary to have a spray efficiency of greater than 99.9% to avoid requiring an excessive number of sprays. Output from the simulation was compared with the results of two aerial spraying campaigns against tsetse and a least squares analysis estimated that, in both cases, the kill efficiency of the sprays was not significantly less than 100%.
Senecio as a model system for integrating studies of genotype, phenotype and fitness
Authors: Walter Greg M. , Abbott Richard J. , Brennan Adrian C. , Bridle Jon R. , Chapman Mark , Clark James , Filatov Dmitry , Nevado Bruno , Ortiz‐Barrientos Daniel , Hiscock Simon J. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryTwo major developments have made it possible to use examples of ecological radiations as model systems to understand evolution and ecology. First, the integration of quantitative genetics with ecological experiments allows detailed connections to be made between genotype, phenotype, and fitness in the field. Second, dramatic advances in molecular genetics have created new possibilities for integrating field and laboratory experiments with detailed genetic sequencing. Combining these approaches allows evolutionary biologists to better study the interplay between genotype, phenotype, and fitness to explore a wide range of evolutionary processes. Here, we present the genus Senecio (Asteraceae) as an excellent system to integrate these developments, and to address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution. Senecio is one of the largest and most phenotypically diverse genera of flowering plants, containing species ranging from woody perennials to herbaceous annuals. These Senecio species exhibit many growth habits, life histories, and morphologies, and they occupy a multitude of environments. Common within the genus are species that have hybridized naturally, undergone polyploidization, and colonized diverse environments, often through rapid phenotypic divergence and adaptive radiation. These diverse experimental attributes make Senecio an attractive model system in which to address a broad range of questions in evolution and ecology.
Inhibition in selective attention
Authors: van Moorselaar Dirk , Slagter Heleen A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOur ability to focus on goal‐relevant aspects of the environment is critically dependent on our ability to ignore or inhibit distracting information. One perspective is that distractor inhibition is under similar voluntary control as attentional facilitation of target processing. However, a rapidly growing body of research shows that distractor inhibition often relies on prior experience with the distracting information or other mechanisms that need not rely on active representation in working memory. Yet, how and when these different forms of inhibition are neurally implemented remains largely unclear. Here, we review findings from recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies to address this outstanding question. We specifically explore how experience with distracting information may change the processing of that information in the context of current predictive processing views of perception: by modulating a distractor's representation already in anticipation of the distractor, or after integration of top‐down and bottom‐up sensory signals. We also outline directions for future research necessary to enhance our understanding of how the brain filters out distracting information.
Together With Veterans: VA National Strategy Alignment and Lessons Learned from Community‐Based Suicide Prevention for Rural Veterans
Authors: Monteith Lindsey L. , Wendleton Leah , Bahraini Nazanin H. , Matarazzo Bridget B. , Brimner Gina , Mohatt Nathaniel V. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundRural veterans are at increased risk for dying by suicide compared with urban veterans, yet interventions for preventing suicide among rural veterans have been limited.Objectives(1) Describe how Together With Veterans (TWV), a community‐based intervention to prevent suicide among veterans in rural communities, aligns with the VA National Strategy for Preventing Veteran Suicide; (2) share lessons learned while beginning to implement TWV in rural communities.MethodsTogether With Veterans is being implemented in four rural communities and comprises six suicide prevention best practices: (1) reducing stigma and promoting help‐seeking; (2) lethal means safety, with an emphasis on firearms; (3) gatekeeper training; (4) training primary care providers; (5) improving access to crisis services; and (6) enhancing support for high‐risk veterans.ResultsTogether With Veterans best practices align with most, but not all, of the strategies in the VA National Strategy for Preventing Veteran Suicide. Community veteran partners have shown a willingness to collaborate and provide local leadership, enthusiasm, and a sense of duty.ConclusionsBy supporting and facilitating local veteran leaders and their community partners in increasing suicide prevention knowledge, public awareness, and resources, we propose that TWV offers an acceptable and feasible approach that builds on the strengths of rural communities. Systematic evaluation is warranted.
Three‐dimensional vorticity and time‐constrained evolution of the Main Central Thrust zone, Garhwal Himalaya (NW India)
Authors: Montemagni Chiara , Carosi Rodolfo , Fusi Nicoletta , Iaccarino Salvatore , Montomoli Chiara , Villa Igor M. , Zanchetta Stefano 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVorticity estimates based on porphyroclasts analysis are limited by the extrapolation to three dimensions of two‐dimensional data. We describe a 3D approach based on the use of X‐ray micro‐computed tomography that better reflects the real 3D geometry of the porphyroclasts population. This new approach for kinematic vorticity analysis in the Munsiari Thrust mylonites, the lower boundary of the Main Central Thrust zone (MCTz) in Indian Himalaya, indicates a large pure shear component during non‐coaxial shearing. 40Ar/39Ar ages of micas along the mylonitic foliation of the Munsiari and Vaikrita thrusts (the upper boundary of the MCTz) constrain thrust activity to 5–4 and 8–9 Ma, respectively. Available kinematic vorticity analyses of the Vaikrita mylonites suggest the dominance of a simple shear component. Combining these data, we suggest that the southward and structurally downward shift of deformation along the MCTz was accompanied by a progressive increase in the pure shear component in a general shear flow.
GSK2 stabilizes OFP3 to suppress brassinosteroid responses in rice
Authors: Xiao Yunhua , Zhang Guoxia , Liu Dapu , Niu Mei , Tong Hongning , Chu Chengcai 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBrassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones that modulate several important agronomic traits in rice (Oryza sativa). GSK2 is one of the critical suppressors of BR signalling and targets transcription factors such as OsBZR1 and DLT to regulate BR responses. Here, we identified OFP3 (OVATE FAMILY PROTEIN 3) as an interactor of both GSK2 and DLT by yeast‐two‐hybrid screening and demonstrated that OFP3 plays a distinctly negative role in BR responses. While knockout of OFP3 promoted rice seedling growth, overexpression of OFP3 led to strong BR insensitivity, which resulted in reduced plant height, leaf angle, and grain size. Interestingly, both BR biosynthetic and signalling genes had decreased expression in the overexpression plants. OFP3 overexpression also enhanced the phenotypes of BR‐deficient mutants, but largely suppressed those of BR‐enhanced plants. Moreover, treatment with either BR or bikinin, a GSK3‐like kinase inhibitor, induced OFP3 depletion, whereas GSK2 or brassinazole, a BR synthesis inhibitor, promoted OFP3 accumulation. Furthermore, OFP3 exhibited transcription repressor activity and was able to interact with itself as well as additional BR‐related components, including OFP1, OSH1, OSH15, OsBZR1, and GF14c. Importantly, GSK2 can phosphorylate OFP3 and enhance these interactions. We propose that OFP3, as a suppressor of both BR synthesis and signalling but stabilized by GSK2, incorporates into a transcription factor complex to facilitate BR signalling control, which is critical for the proper development of various tissues.
Metabolic profiles of six African cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) highlight bottlenecks of root yield
Authors: Obata Toshihiro , Klemens Patrick A.W. , Rosado‐Souza Laise , Schlereth Armin , Gisel Andreas , Stavolone Livia , Zierer Wolfgang , Morales Nicolas , Mueller Lukas A. , Zeeman Samuel C. , Ludewig Frank , Stitt Mark , Sonnewald Uwe , Neuhaus H. Ekkehard , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryCassava is an important staple crop in sub‐Saharan Africa, due to its high productivity even on nutrient poor soils. The metabolic characteristics underlying this high productivity are poorly understood including the mode of photosynthesis, reasons for the high rate of photosynthesis, the extent of source/sink limitation, the impact of environment, and the extent of variation between cultivars. Six commercial African cassava cultivars were grown in a greenhouse in Erlangen, Germany, and in the field in Ibadan, Nigeria. Source leaves, sink leaves, stems and storage roots were harvested during storage root bulking and analyzed for sugars, organic acids, amino acids, phosphorylated intermediates, minerals, starch, protein, activities of enzymes in central metabolism and yield traits. High ratios of RuBisCO:phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity support a C3 mode of photosynthesis. The high rate of photosynthesis is likely to be attributed to high activities of enzymes in the Calvin–Benson cycle and pathways for sucrose and starch synthesis. Nevertheless, source limitation is indicated because root yield traits correlated with metabolic traits in leaves rather than in the stem or storage roots. This situation was especially so in greenhouse‐grown plants, where irradiance will have been low. In the field, plants produced more storage roots. This was associated with higher AGPase activity and lower sucrose in the roots, indicating that feedforward loops enhanced sink capacity in the high light and low nitrogen environment in the field. Overall, these results indicated that carbon assimilation rate, the K battery, root starch synthesis, trehalose, and chlorogenic acid accumulation are potential target traits for genetic improvement.
Mitogenomic phylogeny of the Naticidae (Gastropoda: Littorinimorpha) reveals monophyly of the Polinicinae
Authors: Liu Hongyue , Yang Yi , Sun Shao'e , Kong Lingfeng , Li Qi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Naticidae is a species‐rich family of predatory marine gastropods with substantial interspecific morphological diversity. The classification of the Naticidae has been traditionally based on morphology data, but the phylogenetic relationships within the family are debated due to conflicting molecular results, especially regarding the monophyly of subfamilies Polinicinae and Naticinae. To further resolve the phylogenetic controversies within the Naticidae, we undertake a phylogenetic approach using 14 newly sequenced complete or nearly complete (only lacking a control region) mitochondrial genomes. Both the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses supported monophyly of the Polinicinae, but paraphyly of the Naticinae due to the placement of the enigmatic genusNotocochlis. The ancestral character reconstruction suggests that the operculum, a character that currently defines the two subfamilies, evolved from an ancestor with a calcareous operculum in the evolutionary history of naticids. In addition, the chronogram estimates that naticids was originated in late Triassic (about 227 million years ago), consistent with previous hypotheses. Our study highlights the importance of using complete mitochondrial genomes while reconstructing phylogenetic relationships within the Naticidae. The evolution scenario of the naticid operculum contributes new insights into the classification of Naticidae.