bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic treatment recommendation and expected adverse reactions in patients with a history of dental trauma: A survey among general dentists, paediatric dentists, and orthodontic specialists
Authors: Van Gorp Gertrude , Bormans Naomi , Vanham Ingrid , Willems Guy , Declerck Dominique 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTrauma‐induced adverse reactions may trigger complications when moving teeth orthodontically.AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of dental practitioners about this topic.DesignA questionnaire survey was organized among general dentists, paediatric dentists, and orthodontists in Flanders (Belgium). Three clinical cases describing trauma‐induced tooth damage (tooth ankylosis, apical root resorption, and pulp/root canal obliteration) were presented, followed by a set of questions.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 121 general dentists (GD), 47 paediatric dentists (PD), and 99 orthodontic specialists (OS). In the case with ankylosis, impossibility to move the tooth orthodontically was reported as most frequent adverse reaction (82.8% of GD, 95.7% of PD, and 100.0% of OS) (P < .001). In the situation of apical root resorption, the most frequently reported adverse event was progressive apical root resorption (78.9%, 85.7%, and 88.8% respectively; P = .265). Most frequently mentioned adverse reaction in the case with pulp and root canal obliteration was tooth discoloration (64.1%, 57.1%, and 78.3%; P = .055), followed by apical root resorption (57.4%, 56.8%, and 68.7%; P = .283). Orthodontic treatment recommendation differed among specific clinical situations but also among groups of dental practitioners.ConclusionsImportant knowledge gaps exist regarding the orthodontic managment of traumatized teeth. This topic requires more attention in undergraduate training, specialist training, and continuing education.
Financial advisor titles: Informational complexity and the role of regulatory simplification
Authors: Macfarlan Alex W. , Zick Cathleen D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractToday's complex financial markets require high levels of financial literacy that most consumers do not possess. Consumers may choose to mitigate their information disadvantage by hiring a financial professional. In searching for such a professional, however, consumers will find a multitude of financial advising titles that may or may not signal competence, education, and professionalism. Various regulatory bodies, and piecemeal regulation over the past 80 years, have resulted in an incoherent code of law. Two narrow protections for senior citizens specifically address financial credentials, however. These model regulations were drafted by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) and the North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) in 2008. This commentary explores why some states have adopted these regulations while others have not and notes the need for research to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of such regulations.
The prompt use of rituximab could decrease adverse effects in patient with pemphigus vulgaris: A preliminary evaluation
Authors: Arduino Paolo G. , Broccoletti Roberto , Carbone Mario , Conrotto Davide , Sciannameo Veronica , Gambino Alessio , Cabras Marco , Carrozzo Marco , Baldovino Simone 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe systemic use of corticosteroid is the treatment of choice for patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), but adverse effects are frequent. To date, the use of rituximab (RTX) for PV patients is usually indicated when they failed first‐line immunosuppressive therapies. The early use of RTX could theoretically lessen adverse effects.MethodsWe performed a single‐center study on patients with predominantly oral PV, treated with systemic corticosteroid and the prompt use of 1000 mg of intravenous RTX two weeks apart. We evaluated the clinical response and the reported adverse effect during a period of 24 months, comparing those with a previously published series.ResultsThe study group comprised 11 patients, while the control group comprised 98 patients. The average time to achieve complete clinical remission was 3.2 ± 2.72 months. Study group took steroids for a mean time of 11.09 ± 2.02 months, and they are all actually disease‐free with no medication. Only three patients (27.3%) developed plain side effects. The effect of the length of the corticosteroid therapy on the side effects (also adjusted by sex, age, and clinical oral involvement) was statistically different in the two groups: the prompt use of RTX reduced of 94% the chance to have adverse effects (P = .001).ConclusionsThis is the first report of the use of RTX as first line of therapy for PV patients with predominantly oral involvement. With the proposed regimen, the adverse effects have been minimized compared with classic systemic corticosteroid‐centered therapy. Multi‐center randomized controlled trail is however necessary.
Vitamin D metabolism in dogs and cats and its relation to diseases not associated with bone metabolism
Authors: Zafalon Rafael V. A. , Risolia Larissa W. , Pedrinelli Vivian , Vendramini Thiago H. A. , Rodrigues Roberta B. A. , Amaral Andressa R. , Kogika Marcia M. , Brunetto Marcio A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to the presence of receptors in the cells of numerous body tissues, vitamin D is associated with several physiological functions that go beyond calcium and phosphorus homoeostasis and control of bone metabolism in the body. In humans, several studies have associated lower vitamin D concentrations with numerous diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases, and also with an increase in the total mortality rate of the population. Recently, this nutrient started to gain importance in veterinary medicine, and several articles have shown a correlation between low vitamin D status and diseases unrelated to bone metabolism. The present review aims to highlight the recent publications that investigated this relationship, bringing the evidence that exists so far in dogs and cats.
Effects of chlorogenic acid‐enriched extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf on growth performance and quality and oxidative status of meat in finishing pigs fed diets containing fresh or oxidized corn oil
Authors: Li Hegang , Zhao Jinshan , Deng Wen , Li Ke , Liu Huawei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo investigate the effects of chlorogenic acid‐enriched extract (CGAE) from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver leaf on growth performance and quality and oxidative status of meat in pigs fed diets containing fresh or oxidized corn oil, a total of 180 barrows (initial body weight: 81.6 ± 2.08 kg) were randomly allocated into 6 diet treatments (5 replicate pens per treatment and 6 barrows per pen) in a 2 × 3 factorial design with corn oil (fresh or oxidized corn oil at 5% inclusion of diet) and CGAE (0, 500 or 1,000 mg/kg of diet containing fresh or oxidized corn oil) as main factors. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. Dietary oxidized oil reduced average daily gain (ADG, p < .05) and average daily feed intake (ADFI, p < .01) of pigs and pH24 (p < .05), total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC, p < .01), glutathione peroxidase (GPx, p < .05) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA, p < .05) activities in meat and increased drip loss (p < .01), cooking loss (p < .05), malondialdehyde (p < .01) and carbonyl (p < .01) contents and mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1, p < .05) in meat. Dietary CGAE supplementation at 1,000 mg/kg increased (p < .05) ADG and ADFI of pigs and pH24, T‐AOC, T‐SOD, GPx and SERCA activities and mRNA expression of SOD1 in meat and reduced (p < .05) drip loss, cooking loss, carbonyl and malondialdehyde contents in meat. No interaction effects between oxidized corn oil and CGAE were found in pigs. Overall, dietary CGAE supplementation at 1,000 mg/kg improved growth performance and quality and oxidative status of meat in pigs subjected or not to oxidative stress induced by dietary oxidized oil.
A systematic review of the Australian food retail environment: Characteristics, variation by geographic area, socioeconomic position and associations with diet and obesity
Authors: Needham Cindy , Sacks Gary , Orellana Liliana , Robinson Ella , Allender Steven , Strugnell Claudia 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThere is strong support across multiple sectors for the implementation of policies to create healthier food environments as part of comprehensive strategies to address obesity and improve population diets. The existing evidence base describing food retail environments and their relationship with health outcomes is limited in several respects. This systematic review examines the current evidence regarding food retail environments in Australia, including associations with diet and people with obesity, and socioeconomic and geographic disparities. Three databases were searched and independently screened. Studies were included if they were undertaken in Australia and objectively measured the food retail environment. Sixty papers were included. The broad range of methodological approaches used across studies limited the ability to synthesize the evidence and draw conclusions. Results indicated that there is some evidence that disparities exist in food retail environments across measures of socioeconomic position and geographic area in parts of Australia. Overall, there were inconsistent findings regarding the association between the healthiness of food retail environments and diet or people with obesity. Findings support previous calls for standardized tools and measures for monitoring the healthiness of food retail environments. This is imperative to inform evidence‐based policy and evaluation in this critical component of recommended obesity prevention strategies.
Funding conditions and insurance stock returns: Do insurance stocks really benefit from rising interest rate regimes?
Authors: Jensen Tyler K. , Johnson Robert R. , McNamara Michael J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe examine funding conditions and U.S. insurance company stock returns. Although constrained funding conditions, signaled by restrictive Federal Reserve monetary policy, correspond with increases in the future payouts of fixed‐income securities held by insurance firms and potentially provide value through the liability side of insurer balance sheets, they also decrease the values of securities currently held in insurer portfolios. Prior research finds that restrictive policy has a negative effect on equity returns in general. Our results suggest the negative impacts of constrained funding environments outweigh the potential positives, as insurance company stock returns are significantly lower during periods of constrained funding. This effect varies within a given funding state and also across insurer type. The effect is strongest during the first 3 months of a constrained funding environment and for life and health insurers—insurer types with longer portfolio durations. For property and liability (P&L) insurers, lower stock return performance only exists in the first 3 months of a constrained funding environment. In the subsequent months, P&L insurers actually have higher stock returns during constrained periods, consistent with their typically shorter duration asset portfolios, which are more quickly rolled over into new higher‐yielding securities.
Admissions Constraints and the Decision to Delay University*
Authors: Foley Kelly , Groes Fane 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigate whether delaying entrance into university is affected by restrictions on admissions into competitive programs. Using Danish administrative data, we estimate a dynamic discrete choice model, in which students choose, if admitted, either to enter one of 30 programs or to delay. We use the model to examine delaying choices under different simulated admissions policies. Our experiments suggest that only 28 percent of students who delay do so because of admissions restrictions. Furthermore, although students respond to admissions incentives, our results imply that such policies are unlikely to substantially change the overall distribution of delay.
Reflectance confocal microscopy for noninvasive examination of nonmelanocytic tumors and virus‐associated skin lesions in organ transplant recipients
Authors: Rueter Lena , Ramadori Pierluigi , Ulrich Martina , Jung Sora , Kardorff Bernd , Lademann Juergen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐induced immunosuppression is necessary to prevent rejection of the foreign organ in transplanted patients, but neoplastic and virus‐associated skin diseases are frequent complications. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) recently emerged as a promising tool for the early diagnosis of skin lesions.Materials and methodsA total of 61 skin lesions, among them 20 basal cell carcinomas, six Bowen's diseases, 23 actinic keratoses, and 12 verrucae, were analyzed. All lesions were clinically evaluated followed by RCM evaluation by two independent dermatologists and histological examination.ResultsFor the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma, a sensitivity of 100% by both investigators (INV I + II) and a specificity of 100% by INV I and 80% by INV II were achieved. The sensitivity average rate for RCM features reached by both investigators ranged between 60% and 100%, and the specificity between 55% and 90%. For the diagnosis of actinic keratosis, a concordant sensitivity of 94.4% and a specificity of 80% (INV I) and 60% (INV II) were detected. The sensitivity average rate of specific RCM criteria ranged between 72.3% and 97.2%, whereas specificity ranged between 20% and 90%. Regarding verrucae, RCM confirmed the histological diagnosis with a sensitivity of 85.7% (INV I) and 100% (INV II), while specificity was 100% and 80%, respectively.ConclusionReflectance confocal microscopy resulted to be a reliable tool for the noninvasive diagnosis of neoplastic and virus‐associated skin changes in organ transplant recipients. Nevertheless, given the frequency and diagnostic complexity of the hyperkeratotic lesions occurring post‐transplantation, larger cohorts of patients are required to confirm and consolidate these findings.
Compositing Coexisting Attractors by Linear Augmentation
Authors: Liu Chang , Zeng Yi Cheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the composition of coexisting attractors is achieved through the control method of linear augmentation, which can also be considered as a new idea to generate multiscroll attractors. In order to prove the effectiveness, Chua oscillator and classical Lorenz system are taken into consideration. Furthermore, the corresponding electronic circuit is designed based on Lorenz system. The multism simulation results and the hardware experimental results are in agreement with the numerical simulations on the matlab platform, which verifies the feasibility of this control method.
Does Visual Fixation Affect Idea Fixation?
Authors: Kwon E. , Ryan J. D. , Bazylak A. , Shu L. H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Divergent thinking, an aspect of creativity, is often studied by measuring performance on the Alternative Uses Test (AUT). There is, however, a gap in creativity research concerning how visual stimuli on the AUT are perceived. Memory and attention researchers have used eye-tracking studies to reveal insights into how people think and how they perceive visual stimuli. Thus, the current work uses eye tracking to study how eye movements are related to creativity. Participants orally listed alternative uses for twelve objects, each visually presented for 2 min in four different views. Using eye tracking, we specifically explored where and for how long participants fixate their eyes at visual presentations of objects during the AUT. Eye movements before and while naming alternative uses were analyzed. Results revealed that naming new instances and categories of alternative uses correlated more strongly with visual fixation toward multiple views than toward single views of objects. Alternative uses in new, previously unnamed categories were also more likely named following increased visual fixation toward blank space. These and other findings reveal the cognitive-thinking styles and eye-movement behaviors associated with naming new ideas. Such findings may be applied to enhance divergent thinking during design.
A Preference-Based Approach to Assess a Component’s Design Readiness for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ghiasian Seyedeh Elaheh , Jaiswal Prakhar , Rai Rahul , Lewis Kemper 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to the benefits associated with additive manufacturing (AM), there are increasingly more opportunities to leverage AM to enable the fabrication of components that were previously made using conventional techniques such as subtractive manufacturing or casting. To support this transition, it is critical to be able to rigorously evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of additively manufacturing an existing component design. In order to support this evaluation, this paper presents a novel feasibility analysis that performs a multi-criteria assessment of AM readiness. Along with the development of these assessments, we also present a novel scoring approach for qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating the feasibility of each component assessment. This scoring approach, which leverages preference models from physical programing, introduces a flexible set of feasibility levels to assess the manufacturability capabilities of AM technologies. It also allows for the integration of a designer’s preferences toward the AM assessments, supporting the decision whether to utilize AM technologies or not. The presented feasibility analysis allows for both technical and economic benefits since it suggests only using AM for those products whose feasibility results are within suitable ranges. The details of the approach are illustrated using four sample parts with varying geometries. Experimental validation is also performed to demonstrate the robustness of the evaluation. Results obtained show the capability and generalizability of these approaches to analyze intricate geometries and provide useful decision support in AM feasibility analysis.
Investigation of the Lifetime of Antagonistic Shape Memory Wires With Focus on Accelerated Resetting
Authors: Weirich Antonia , Theren Benedict , Otibar Dennis , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The antagonistic setup of shape memory actuators enables a multitude of further applications than designs with only one shape memory element. In these actuators, two opposed shape memory elements work against each other and also ensure mutual resetting. This setup allows easily controlled and powersaving actuators for applications with two end positions such as locks or latches. It not only eliminates mechanical resetting, for example by a spring, but also offers a simple realization of holding the end positions energy-free and thereby conserving the shape memory effect.
In order to maximize the potential of this actuator design, the authors investigate the interdependencies between antagonistic wires. This paper focuses on the effect of resetting a previously activated NiTi wire by another, similar antagonistic wire before it cooled down completely. On the one hand, very early resetting can have a negative effect on both the cooling and especially the activated wire. This is mainly noticeable in a shortened lifetime of the actuator elements. On the other hand, applying mechanical strain by activating the opposed wire can accelerate phase transformation within the cooling wire. The authors performed corresponding fatigue tests with different cooling times in the antagonistic setup, in order to narrow down a timeframe for the optimized usability of an antagonistic wire actuator.
Investigation of the Fatigue Strength of Shape Memory Wires With Different Diameters
Authors: Otibar Dennis , Theren Benedict , Weirich Antonia , Kuhlenkötter Bernd , Tung Haang Wai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The properties of shape memory alloy wires (SMA wires) have still not been sufficiently investigated, which is the reason why shape memory-based actuators can hardly be found in serial or commercial applications in industry. The most important parameter for industrial applications is the fatigue strength of SMA wires under cyclic activation with mechanical stress. So far only isolated and application-specific investigations have been carried out. Thus there are no reliable statements on fatigue strength or reliable design calculations for design and application. Among other things, this circumstance is considered to be the reason why the majority of companies is still not ready or willing to use SMA technology in series production. This paper deals with a series of tests to determine the fatigue life of shape memory wires of different diameters by means of the design of experiments. Primarily the results aim at making more reliable predictions about the fatigue strength of shape memory wires, which are subject to statistical safety. Besides, the focus is on the influence of the wire diameter on the fatigue strength. The interdependency parameters are strain, stress and wire diameter. The fatigue strengths are shown in standardized Wohler diagrams, which should serve as a basis for future fatigue tests of shape memory wires. The main influence on the fatigue strength is the strain as expected. Another interesting tendency can be seen in the dependence on the wire diameter. Thus, this paper makes a contribution to the further application of this technology in both industrial and scientific environments.
On the Design of a Long-Stroke Beam-Based Compliant Mechanism Providing Quasi-Constant Force
Authors: Bilancia Pietro , Geraci Alessandro , Berselli Giovanni 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper the design of a linear long-stroke quasi-constant force compliant mechanism (CM) is presented and discussed. Starting from a flexure-based slider-crank mechanism, providing the required constant force within a rather limited deflection range, the paper reports about the shape optimization carried out with the specific aim of extending the available CM operative range. The proposed device is suitable in several precision manipulation systems, which require to maintain a constant-force at their contact interface with the manipulated object. Force regulation is generally achieved by means of complex control algorithms and related sensory apparatus, resulting in a flexible behavior but also in high costs. A valid alternative may be the use of a purposely designed CM, namely a purely mechanical system whose shape and dimensions are optimized so as to provide a force-deflection behavior characterized by zero stiffness. In the first design step, the Pseudo-Rigid Body (PRB) method is exploited to synthesize the sub-optimal compliant configuration, i.e. the one characterized by lumped compliance. Secondly, an improved design alternative is evaluated resorting to an integrated software framework, comprising Matlab and ANSYS APDL, and capable of performing non-linear structural optimizations. The new embodiment makes use of a variable thickness beam, whose shape and dimensions have been optimized so as to provide a constant reaction force in an extended range. Finally, a physical prototype of the beam-based configuration is produced and tested, experimentally validating the proposed design method.