bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality and psychosocial factors influencing purchase of orange‐fleshed sweetpotato bread
Authors: Okello Julius Juma , Shiundu Felix Mwala , Mwende Janet , Lagerkvist Carl Johan , Nyikal Rose Adhiambo , Muoki Penina , Mburu John , Low Jan , Hareau Guy , Heck Simon 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis 2018 study, conducted in six Tusky's supermarkets in Nairobi, Kenya, combined the Just‐About‐Right, Penalty and Mean‐End‐Chain analyses to examine the quality and psychosocial factors influencing the purchase of a novel bread made from orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), a biofortified crop, focusing on sixty‐one male and eighty female urban OFSP bread buyers recruited at point of purchase. It finds that sensory and psychosocial factors drive purchasing decisions and that some of the bread's sensory characteristics are misaligned with consumers' expectations. It also finds that women and men’s evaluations of the bread's characteristics are different, as are their motivations for purchase. However, good sensory attributes and the knowledge of the bread's nutritional value were key drivers. Some misaligned characteristics reveal levers for the reformulation of the bread and present opportunities for segmenting the market. Several other implications of the findings for policy and future improvement of the bread are discussed.
Using biomarkers in patients with positive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: 4Kscore predicts the presence of cancer outside the index lesion
Authors: Falagario Ugo Giovanni , Lantz Anna , Jambor Ivan , Martini Alberto , Ratnani Parita , Wagaskar Vinayak , Treacy Patrick‐Julien , Veccia Alessandro , Bravi Carlo Andrea , Bashorun Hafis O , Phillip Deron , Lewis Sara , Haines Kenneth , Cormio Luigi , Carrieri Giuseppe , Tewari Ash 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate if the blood biomarker, 4Kscore, in addition to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging information could identify patients who would benefit from undergoing only a targeted biopsy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a population of 256 men with positive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging who underwent standard + targeted biopsy at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA. 4Kscore (OPKO Health, Miami, FL, USA) was sampled from all patients before biopsy. Uni‐ and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were carried out to predict clinically significant prostate cancer, defined as International Society of Urological Pathology grade group ≥2, in standard biopsy cores. The model with the best area under the curve was selected and internal validation was carried out using the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation.ResultsThe developed model showed an area under the curve of 0.86. Carrying out only targeted biopsy in patients with a model‐derived probability <12.5% resulted in 39.5% (n = 101) fewer standard biopsies and a 33.9% (n = 20) reduction of detecting grade group 1 disease, while missing grade group ≥2 in 5.2% (n = 4) using standard biopsy only and 1.1% (n = 1) using standard biopsy + targeted biopsy.Conclusions4Kscore in combination with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging can help to reduce unnecessary standard biopsy and decrease detection of clinically insignificant prostate cancer.
Impact of elevated CO2 on two contrasting wheat genotypes exposed to intermediate drought stress at anthesis
Authors: Shokat Sajid , Großkinsky Dominik K. , Liu Fulai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this experiment was to investigate the responses of contrasting wheat genotypes to drought stress under ambient and elevated CO2 environments. At anthesis, the plants from each CO2 levels were either exposed to progressive drought or well‐watered at 95% of pot holding capacity. The results showed that for both genotypes, CO2 elevation sensitized the plants’ response to soil drying in terms of reduction of evapotranspiration. Drought significantly reduced trans‐zeatin (tZ) concentration in leaves, salicylic acid (SA) concentration in spikes, and physiological and yield‐related traits. However, the concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) and other phytohormones was increased under drought, which coincided with an increase in the kernel abortion. Elevated CO2 significantly increased photosynthetic rate, but had no significant effect on yield‐related traits. Genotype L3 possessed higher concentration of leaf tz, osmotic potential, and spike SA/ABA ratio under combined drought and elevated CO2 as compared to genotype L2. L3 also had higher thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield in comparison to L2. The results indicate that elevated CO2 is not necessarily increasing yield, and biophysiochemical traits in L3 could be used as valuable selecting criteria to obtain higher TKW and grain yield in future drier and CO2‐enriched environment.
Soil sodicity is more detrimental than salinity for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.): A multivariate comparison of physiological, biochemical and nutritional quality attributes
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Amjad Muhammad , Saqib Muhammad , Murtaza Behzad , Asif Naeem Muhammad , Shabbir Arslan , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil salinization is a serious environmental problem worldwide. To explore the comparative effects of soil salinity and sodicity on physiological, biochemical and nutritional quality attributes of four quinoa genotypes (A1, A7, Puno, Vikinga), pot and field experiments were performed on non‐saline soil and two types of salt‐affected soils designated as SS1 (saline) and SS2 (saline‐sodic). The results of both the experiments showed similar reduction pattern in biomass (11%–44%), chlorophyll content (10%–36%), stomatal conductance (18%–32%) and grain yield (30%–47%) of four genotypes on SS2 compared with SS1. Higher sodicity level of SS2 resulted in more Na accumulation (23%–40%) and oxidative damage (12%–35% decrease in membrane stability) leading to an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) in all the genotypes. Grain mineral contents (except Na and Mg) were decreased more in SS2 than SS1. Multivariate analysis revealed that grain Na content has negative correlation with all the nutritional quality attributes except Mg and fibre contents. Genotypes A1 and A7 were more salt tolerant with better grain nutritional quality than Puno and Vikinga. It is concluded that soil sodicity is more detrimental than salinity, and quinoa genotypes A1 and A7 are better than Puno and Vikinga for cultivation on saline and saline‐sodic soils.
General practice nurses’ communication strategies for lifestyle risk reduction: A content analysis
Authors: James Sharon , Mcinnes Susan , Halcomb Elizabeth , Desborough Jane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore how general practice nurses (GPNs) communicate lifestyle risk reduction with patients presenting for chronic disease consultations.DesignQualitative content analysis of video observations.MethodsThe audio of 14 video‐recorded GPN chronic disease management (CDM) consultations were transcribed verbatim. Deductive content analysis was undertaken using the exploring, guiding, and choosing model, an adaptation of steps used in motivational interviewing (MI). Data collection occurred between August 2017 ‐ March 2018.ResultsGeneral practice nurses demonstrated relational skills including the use of open‐ended questions, content reflections, and affirmations. However, greater use of collaborative agenda setting, double‐sided reflections, summarizing patient priorities, and ‘importance and confidence scales’ could enhance discussions about lifestyle risk reduction.ConclusionAlthough GPNs were using some MI techniques, there was room for skill development. Enhancing GPNs’ MI skills has the potential to optimize their effectiveness in communicating about lifestyle risk reduction and the reduction of chronic disease. Ongoing professional development in MI skills and lifestyle risk communication needs to be supported by nurses, workplaces, and educational providers.ImpactThis study has identified GPNs’ strengths and challenges in relation to lifestyle risk communication. Fostering these skills has the potential to reduce risk of lifestyle attributable chronic disease.
EPDR1 correlates with immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma and can be used as a prognostic biomarker
Authors: Chen Ruochan , Zhang Yiya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has high mortality rate and is a serious disease burden globally. EPDR1 (ependymin related 1) is a member of piscine brain glycoproteins and is involved in cell adhesion. The gene expression, prognostic, and clinicopathological related data for EPDR1 were obtained from multiple transcriptome databases. Protein level of EPDR1 in HCC was verified using human protein atlas and CPTAC databases. EPDR1 co‐expressed genes were identified using LinkedOmics. Functional analysis of the co‐expressed genes was performed using gene set enrichment analysis, Gene Ontology, and KEGG. Statistical analysis was conducted in R. The relationship between EPDR1 expression and immune cell infiltration was analyzed using TIMER and CIBERSORT. The expression of EPDR1 was found to be significantly higher in HCC than in normal tissues. Further, EPDR1 level was correlated with advanced stage of HCC. EPDR1 was associated with multiple signaling, as well as cancer and apoptotic pathways. Further, EPDR1 expression was significantly correlated with purity and infiltration levels of various immune cells as well as immune signatures. This is the first study to report the role of EPDR1 in HCC. EPDR1 can be used as a novel prognostic biomarker as well as an effective target for diagnosis and treatment in HCC.
Tolerance of young allis shad Alosa alosa (Clupeidae) to oxy‐thermic stress
Authors: Baumann Loïc , Vega Joanna , Philip Joris , Polese Fabien , Vétillard Fabrice , Pierre Maud , Le Barh Romaric , Jatteau Philippe , Bardonnet Agnès , Acolas Marie‐Laure 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ecology of the young stages of allis shad Alosa alosa is poorly documented, although they can be exposed to many pressures during their freshwater phase and their downstream migration. When passing through systems such as the Gironde‐Garonne‐Dordogne watershed (GGD, SW France), they can be subjected to high temperatures and low levels of oxygen (hypoxia). The aim of this work is to assess the tolerance of young Alosa alosa at four ages (c. 10, 30, 60 and 85 days old) by challenging them to different temperatures (18, 22, 26 and 28°C) together with decreasing oxygen saturation levels (from 100% to 30%). Survival of the 10‐day‐old individuals was not influenced by oxy‐thermic conditions, but high stress levels were detected and perhaps this age class was too fragile regarding the constraint of the experimental design. Survival at 30 and at 60 days old was negatively influenced by the highest temperatures tested alone (from 26°C and from 28°C, respectively) but no effect was detected at 85 days old up to 28°C. A combined effect of temperature and oxygen level was highlighted, with heat accelerating survival decrease when associated with oxygen level depletion: essentially, survival was critical (<50%) at 30 days old at temperature ≥22°C together with 30% O2; at 60 days old, at temperature = 28°C with 30% O2; at 85 days old, at temperature ≥26°C with ≤40% O2. Tolerance to oxy‐thermic pressures appeared to be greater among the migratory ages (60 and 85 days old) than among the 30‐day‐old group. Based on environmental data recorded in the GGD system and on our experimental results, an exploratory analysis allowed a discussion of the possible impact of past oxy‐thermic conditions on the local population dynamics between 2005 and 2018. The oxy‐thermic conditions that may affect Alosa alosa at ages when they migrate downstream (60 and 85 days old) were not frequently recorded in this period, except in cases of extreme episodes of heat together with hypoxia that occurred in some years, in summertime in the turbidity maximum zone of the Gironde estuary (particularly in the year 2006). Interestingly, oxy‐thermic conditions that are likely to threaten the 30‐day‐old individuals occurred more frequently in the lower freshwater parts of the GGD system between the years 2005 and 2018. In the context of climate change, a general increase in temperature is predicted, as well as more frequent and severe hypoxic events, therefore we suggest that local Alosa alosa population recruitment could encounter critical oxy‐thermic conditions more frequently in the future if no adaptive management of water resources occurs.
Molecular and histopathological characterization of Photobacterium damselae in naturally and experimentally infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: El‐Son Mai A. M. , Elbahnaswy Samia , Ibrahim Iman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMass mortality has occurred among cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, on fish farms in Manzala, Dakahlia province, Egypt, in the summer season, 2019. Moribund fish were reported with deep ulcers, septicaemic lesions and sampled for bacterial isolation. In this study, most isolates were subjected to bacteriological examination, antibiotic sensitivity test, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and histopathological examination. Following isolate identification, intraperitoneal challenge of Nile tilapia with a bacterial suspension 2 × 106 CFU/ml was performed. Samples from liver, spleen and kidney were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. The results showed a high similarity (99%) to Photobacterium damselae strains using phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA. P. damselae exhibited resistance to amoxicillin and erythromycin, as well it was highly sensitive to chloramphenicol and doxycycline. Moreover, haemorrhage, oedema, hemosiderosis and melanomacrophage activation in the liver and head kidney of infected fish were detected by light and electron microscopy. Also, significant higher levels of CAT and SOD in the spleen and head kidney, as well as the serum levels of NO were observed in experimentally challenged O. niloticus, compared to the control fish. Our data identified P. damselae for the first time from infected Nile tilapia, describing its sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics, histopathological alterations and oxidative stress impact, and it could be useful indicators for understanding P. damselae pathogenesis, which might provide a preventive efficacy for P. damselae.
Investigation of the histological and textural properties of chicken breast thawed by high voltage electric field
Authors: Rahbari Mahshid , Hamdami Nasser , Mirzaei Habibollah , Jafari Seid Mahdi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOur aim was to study the possible changes in texture and microstructure of chicken breast during high voltage electric field (HVEF) thawing. The HVEF was applied at 1.5, 2.25, and 3 kV/cm electrical field strengths for thawing of chicken breast cubes (2 × 2 × 2 cm3), in a designed multiple needle‐plate electrode system. The hardness was increased first at a higher voltage (from 1.5 to 2.25 kV/cm), then decreased at 3 kV/cm; the lowest hardness and highest springiness were observed in control sample with the maximum thawing time, that can be associated with protein denaturation results. The samples thawed under 1.5 kV/cm showed a lower texture destruction; in the histological sections of the thawed sample under 2.25 kV/cm, the fibrils remained relatively intact without any gaps; however, the largest deformation and loss of collagen fibrillation network was related to the control and the samples thawed under 3 kV/cm, possibly due to the great degree of protein denaturation. Color parameters showed that the L* and b* values increased by raising the voltage, and a* value dropped significantly, at higher voltages. Applying a desirable voltage and electrode distance for creating electric field can decrease the structural damages resulting from protein denaturation during the conventional thawing.Practical ApplicationsTenderness, toughness and color of meat are among the most important factors in terms of consumer acceptance. It seems the HVEF process modifies the texture of muscles by influencing the denaturation of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, which is characterized by texture analysis test. On the other hand, the visualization of muscle fiber destruction is possible by using histological investigations. In this research, the effect of HVEF thawing on both the texture and microstructure of chicken has not been focused. The main purpose of this paper was to study the possible changes made in the texture and microstructure of chicken breast during HVEF thawing, and comparison with changes resulted from conventional thawing.
Generalizability of Blood Pressure Lowering Trials to Older Patients: Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Sheppard James P. , Lown Mark , Burt Jenni , Temple Eleanor , Lowe Rebecca , Ashby Hannah , Todd Oliver , Allen Julie , Ford Gary A. , Fraser Rosalyn , Heneghan Carl , Hobbs F.D. Richard , Jowett Sue , Little Paul , Mant Jonathan , Mollison Jill , Payne Rupert , Williams Marney , Yu Ly‐Mee , McManus Richard J. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESRandomized controlled trials are used to inform clinical guidelines on the management of hypertension in older adults, but it is unclear to what extent these trials represent the general population attending routine clinical practice. This study aimed to define the proportion and characteristics of patients eligible for hypertension trials conducted in older people.DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGA total of 24 general practices in England.PARTICIPANTSAnonymized electronic health record data from all individuals aged 80 and older.MEASUREMENTSDescriptive statistics were used to define the proportion and characteristics of patients eligible for two previous medication intensification trials (HYVET, SPRINT) and one medication reduction trial (OPTiMISE). A logistic regression model was constructed to estimate predictors of eligibility for each trial.RESULTSOf 15,376 patients identified, 268 (1.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5–2.0%), 5,290 (34.4%; 95%CI = 33.7–35.2%), and 3,940 (25.6%; 95%CI = 24.9–26.3%) were eligible for the HYVET, SPRINT, and OPTiMISE trials, respectively. Between 5.6% and 30.7% of exclusions from each trial were due to eligibility criteria excluding those with high or uncontrolled blood pressure. Frailty (odds ratio [OR] = .44; 95%CI = .36–.54 [OPTiMISE]), cardiovascular polypharmacy (OR = .61; 95%CI = .55–.68 [SPRINT]) and multimorbidity (OR = .72; 95%CI = .64–.82 [SPRINT]) were associated with a lower likelihood of being eligible for one or more of the trials.CONCLUSIONA possible unintended consequence of blood pressure criteria used by trials attempting to answer different primary questions is that for many older patients, no trial evidence exists to inform treatment decisions in routine practice. Caution should be exercised when applying results from existing trials to patients with frailty or multimorbidity.
MiR‐95‐5p involves in the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells by targeting low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6
Authors: Ni Huijie , Wang Xiao , Qu Hongmei , Gao Xueli , Yu Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsLow density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6 (LRP6) has been demonstrated to control trophoblast cell invasion, but its regulatory gene remains undefined. In this study, microRNA (miR) regulating LRP6 were explored to elucidate the potential mechanism of preeclampsia (PE).MethodsFirstly, the expression of LRP6 in PE tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) assay. Prediction software predicted that LRP6 might be the target gene of miR‐95‐5p, and verified by double‐luciferase reporter analysis. qRT‐PCR assay measured the expression of miR‐95‐5p in PE tissues and trophoblast cell lines. Then, we transfected miR‐95‐5p mimic, inhibitor, LRP6, or mimic plus LRP6 into trophoblast cell lines, and analyzed their influences on cell migration and invasion by wound healing and Transwell experiments. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2, MMP‐9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1 in transfected cells were examined by western blot (WB) analysis.ResultsLRP6 was low‐expressed in PE tissues, while miR‐95‐5p expression was high‐expressed. MiR‐95‐5p negatively regulated the LRP6 expression in trophoblast cells. Both up‐regulated LRP6 and down‐regulated miR‐95‐5p can not only promote the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells, but also raised the expressions of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 and inhibited the expression of TIMP‐1. The over‐expression of miR‐95‐5p suppressed the metastasis of trophoblast cells and rescued LRP6‐induced increase of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 and reduction of TIMP‐1.ConclusionMiR‐95‐5p involved in the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells by targeting LRP6, which might be a potential therapeutic target for PE.
The Effect of Aging on the Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion of Lithium Disilicate and Zirconia Ceramics
Authors: Matalon Shlomo , Safadi Dana , Meirowitz Avi , Ormianer Zeev 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThis in vitro study was designed to compare bacterial adhesion to zirconia versus lithium disilicate crowns after artificial aging.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐five discs were tested in this study: 25 Cr‐Co base metal discs (control), 25 zirconia discs, and 25 lithium disilicate discs. Each sample was polished and glazed appropriately. The discs were subjected to 1000 thermal cycles between 5 and 55°C, whereby samples stayed in the bath for 20 seconds, at each temperature. Then, 10 µL of Streptococcus sanguinis suspension was placed on the discs. The samples were scanned for surface roughness before and after aging, and after incubation. Sp and Sa were measured with a confocal, visible light disk‐scanning system (Sa expresses the difference in height of each point compared to the arithmetical mean of the surface. Sp is the height of the highest peak within the defined area). Optical density of the discs was evaluated by a spectrophotometer. One‐way ANOVA was performed to assess differences after aging and incubation.ResultsStatistical analysis showed significant differences (p = 0.02) in surface roughness between the Cr‐Co base metal, zirconia and lithium disilicate before and after aging. The mean Sa was 0.36 ± 0.12 µm, 0.638 ± 0.24 µm, and 1.23 ± 0.42 µm, respectively. Lithium disilicate had the highest surface roughness values. There was a significant difference (p = 0.001) after incubation. The mean and standard deviation surface roughness of Cr‐Co base metal, zirconia and lithium disilicate were 0.99 ± 0.49 µm, 1.40 ± 0.46 µm, and 2.44 ± 1.21 µm, respectively.While no significant differences were found in the accumulation of S. sanguinis between zirconia and lithium disilicate, there was a significant difference (p = 0.02) in the optical density between these 2 test groups and the control group (metal). The optical density of metal (0.94 ± 0.15) was higher than for lithium disilicate (0.74 ± 0.10) and zirconia (0.75 ± 0.08). There was no statistical difference in bacterial adherence between lithium disilicate and zirconia.ConclusionDental crown materials differed significantly in terms of surface roughness and bacterial adhesion between Cr‐Co base metal and zirconia and lithium disilicate. After aging and bacterial adherence, the zirconia discs had the smoothest surface, with similar bacterial accumulation as lithium disilicate; suggesting that lithium disilicate may be less sensitive to bacterial adhesion than zirconia.