bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The London Classification: Improving Characterization and Classification of Anorectal Function with Anorectal Manometry
Authors: Scott S. Mark , Carrington Emma V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewObjective measurement of anorectal sensorimotor function is a requisite component in the clinical evaluation of patients with intractable symptoms of anorectal dysfunction. Regrettably, the utility of the most established and widely employed investigations for such measurement (anorectal manometry (ARM), rectal sensory testing and the balloon expulsion test) has been limited by wide variations in clinical practice.Recent FindingsThis article summarizes the recently published International Anorectal Physiology Working Group (IAPWG) consensus and London Classification of anorectal disorders, together with relevant allied literature, to provide guidance on the indications for, equipment, protocol, measurement definitions and results interpretation for ARM, rectal sensory testing and the balloon expulsion test.SummaryThe London Classification is a standardized method and nomenclature for description of alterations in anorectal motor and sensory function using office-based investigations, adoption of which should bring much needed harmonization of practice.
Efficient monitoring of public transport journeys
Authors: Gündling Felix , Hopp Florian , Weihe Karsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany things can go wrong on a journey. From minor disturbances like a track change to major problems like train cancellations, everything can happen. The broad availability of smartphones enables us to keep the traveler up-to-date with information relevant for the journey. This way, the traveler can react to changes as early as possible and make well-informed decisions. Naive approaches are too inefficient to monitor a large number of journeys in real-time. This paper presents an efficient way to monitor millions of journeys in parallel. In our approach, the selection of change notices to be communicated to a traveler may be flexibly adapted to the travelers individual needs.
The effect of different test protocols and walking distances on gait speed in older persons
Authors: Krumpoch Sebastian , Lindemann Ulrich , Rappl Anja , Becker Clemens , Sieber Cornel C. , Freiberger Ellen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and aims
Walking is the core physical activity of older persons. The assessment of walking capacity is increasingly important for clinical purposes and clinical research. Differences between assessment tools and protocols for short walks to obtain gait characteristics can be responsible for changes, e.g., in gait speed from 0.1 to 0.2 m/s. The purpose of this study was to generate further knowledge for the harmonization and/or standardization of short walk-test protocols for assessing gait characteristics under supervised conditions.

Methods
For this cross-sectional study, 150 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 80.5 ± 4.5 years) were recruited. Participants performed eight walks differing in the distance (8-versus 4-m), static versus dynamic trials and comparing different test speed instructions (usual versus maximal) on an electronic walkway.

Results
A meaningful significant difference in mean usual gait speed was documented comparing the 4-m dynamic and static test protocol (0.12 m/s; p = 0.001). For the same comparison over an 8-m distance (dynamic versus static) and for the comparison between usual gait speed over 4-and 8-m, the differences in gait speed were smaller, but still statistically significant (p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Gait speed was faster, if the test protocol did not include a static start or stop. The differences were greater for a shorter walking distance. This aspect should be considered for the comparison of study results and is particularly relevant for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Role of interfacial water in adhesion, friction, and wear—A critical review
Authors: Chen Lei , Qian Linmao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSurficial water adsorption and interfacial water condensation as natural phenomena that can alter the contact status of the solid interface and tribological performances are crucial in all length scales, i.e., from earthquakes to skating at the macroscale level and even to micro/nano-electromechanical systems (M/NEMS) at the microscale/nanoscale level. Interfacial water exhibits diverse structure and properties from bulk water because of its further interaction with solid surfaces. In this paper, the evolutions of the molecular configuration of the adsorbed water layer depending on solid surface chemistry (wettability) and structure, environmental conditions (i.e., relative humidity and temperature), and experimental parameters (i.e., sliding speed and normal load) and their impacts on tribological performances, such as adhesion, friction, and wear, are systematically reviewed. Based on these factors, interfacial water can increase or reduce adhesion and friction as well as facilitate or suppress the tribochemical wear depending on the water condensation kinetics at the interface as well as the thickness and structure of the involved interfacial water.
Consensus-Based Group Task Assignment with Social Impact in Spatial Crowdsourcing
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhao Yan , Zhou Xiaofang , Zheng Kai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the pervasiveness of GPS-enabled smart devices and increased wireless communication technologies, spatial crowdsourcing (SC) has drawn increasing attention in assigning location-sensitive tasks to moving workers. In real-world scenarios, for the complex tasks, SC is more likely to assign each task to more than one worker, called group task assignment (GTA), for the reason that an individual worker cannot complete the task well by herself. It is a challenging issue to assign worker groups the tasks that they are interested in and willing to perform. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for group task assignment based on worker groups’ preferences, which includes two components: social impact-based preference modeling (SIPM) and preference-aware group task assignment (PGTA). SIPM employs a bipartite graph embedding model and the attention mechanism to learn the social impact-based preferences of different worker groups on different task categories. PGTA utilizes an optimal task assignment algorithm based on the tree decomposition technique to maximize the overall task assignments, in which we give higher priorities to the worker groups showing more interests in the tasks. We further optimize the original framework by proposing strategies to improve the effectiveness of group task assignment, wherein a deep learning method and the group consensus are taken into consideration. Extensive empirical studies verify that the proposed techniques and optimization strategies can settle the problem nicely.
Clinically Meaningful Reduction in Dyspareunia Is Associated with Significant Improvements in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Women with Moderate to Severe Pain Associated with Endometriosis: A Pooled Analysis of Two Phase III Trials of Elagolix
Authors: Agarwal Sanjay K. , Soliman Ahmed M. , Pokrzywinski Robin M. , Snabes Michael C. , Coyne Karin S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Dyspareunia experienced by women diagnosed with endometriosis is associated with a decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Aim
We evaluated the relationship of clinically meaningful improvements in dyspareunia with HRQoL changes among women with endometriosis.

Methods
This was a post hoc analysis of pooled data from the phase III ELARIS-I and ELARIS-II clinical trials. Women aged 18–49 years with moderate to severe endometriosis-associated pain were randomized to placebo, elagolix 150 mg once daily, or elagolix 200 mg twice daily. HRQoL was measured using the validated Endometriosis Health Profile-30 questionnaire (EHP-30), consisting of 5 core domains and a sexual intercourse modular domain. Dyspareunia was ranked 0–3 (none, mild, moderate, or severe) or not applicable using a daily eDiary and averaged monthly. A woman with a clinically meaningful dyspareunia response (dyspareunia responder) was defined as a woman with a reduction from the baseline in dyspareunia score greater than or equal to a predetermined cutoff while maintaining stable/decreased analgesic use.

Outcomes
Dyspareunia response impact on EHP-30 scores was determined at 3 and 6 months using multivariate linear regression controlling for age, baseline EHP-30 scores, and dysmenorrhea and non-menstrual pelvic pain symptom severity.

Results
Analysis included 1,368 women with a mean age of 32.2 years. Dyspareunia responders had significant improvements vs non-responders in all adjusted mean EHP-30 domain scores at months 3 and 6 (control and powerlessness: −17.8 and −18.5; emotional well-being: −10.0 and −10.4; pain: −15.3 and −15.7; self-image: −11.4 and −12.8; social support: −14.3 and −14.0; and sexual intercourse: −18.1 and −19.7; all P &lt; .0001).

Clinical Implications
Dyspareunia improvements are associated with both personal and psychological benefits.

Strengths & Limitations
This study involved a large sample of women from a well-defined patient population to provide statistical power in evaluating the results. As such, the findings may not be generalizable in a real-world setting. Although the perception of dyspareunia and its severity and the associated effect on HRQoL was subjective, the use of a large patient sample was used to minimize potential issues with this limitation.

Conclusion
Clinically meaningful responses in dyspareunia are associated with improvements across multiple HRQoL domains among women with endometriosis.
Identity politics and hybrid tribunals
Authors: Fichtelberg Aaron 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany of the conflicts that have led to the creation of hybrid tribunals were identity-based conflicts – people who identified as members of one tribe, race, ethnicity, or religion used these distinctions as grounds to attack and persecute another group who often responded in kind. This reality means that the criminal justice processes that take place in the wake of such conflicts must take issues of identity seriously to be effective. This article uses the notion of framing contests to examine different identity-based responses to international justice. Defenders of the tribunals seek to portray them as impartial observers while critics paint them as illegitimate outsiders. Because hybrid tribunals have identity considerations as features built into them, they are better suited to promote their own legitimacy in these framing contests. These features include the personnel they use, the witnesses they call, the strategies their prosecutors deploy, and their local outreach programmes. Each of these tools can be used to frame the tribunal as a legitimate means to promote criminal justice and thereby advance the values of transitional justice.
Safety and Efficacy of CarbonCool Half-Body Vest for HAZMAT Decontamination Crews Wearing Personal Protective Equipment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Tay Pamela Jia Min , Koh Zhi Xiong , Hao Ying , Leong Mark Kwok Fai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground:Personal protective equipment (PPE) are essential for medical personnel responding to hazardous materials (HAZMAT) incidents. However, their impermeable design causes increased physiological strain and reduced thermoregulation, limiting work times and causing heat-related illnesses (HRI). Use of wearable cooling devices slow heat accumulation and have been shown to reduce thermal and cardiovascular strain in such situations.Methods:This was a prospective clinical evaluation to determine the tolerability and effectiveness of the CarbonCool cooling system – a half-body cooling vest – in participants undergoing a HAZMAT decontamination recertification. Physiological measurements (heart rate [HR], weight, temperature, and blood pressure) and participant feedback were obtained. The main outcome of interest was participants’ tolerability of the cooling vest.Results:A total of 23 healthy participants were recruited, with 10 randomized to the intervention group and 13 in the control group. Mean age in the control and intervention group was 35.5 years old (SD = 7.8) and 30.0 years old (SD = 6.2), respectively. Qualitative feedback obtained from participants regarding safety, mobility, and cooling efficacy was largely positive. Difference of before-after temperature and HR was 0.3°C (SD = 0.8) and 11.5bpm (SD = 13.6) in the control group compared to 0.0°C (SD = 0.5) and 0.0bpm (SD = 6.4) for the intervention group.Conclusion:This clinical evaluation showed that the CarbonCool cooling vest is safe and tolerable in participants wearing PPE. Further trials with sample size powered to detect physiological outcomes are needed to assess the effect of the cooling vest on a subject’s endurance to heat stress.
Dose volume histogram metrics and tumour control probability modelling in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: average intensity dataset versus individual four-dimensional CT phases
Authors: Fleming Cathy , McDermott Ronan , O’Keeffe Serena , Dunne Mary , Armstrong John G. , McClean Brendan , Vintró Luis León 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAim:This work compares dose-volume constraints (DVCs) and tumour control predictions based on the average intensity projection (AVIP) to those on each phase of the four-dimensional computed tomography.Materials and methods:In this prospective study plans generated on an AVIP for nine patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were recalculated on each phase. Dose-volume histogram (DVH) metrics extracted and tumour control probabilities (TCP) were calculated. These were evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis and Pearson Correlation.Results:The largest difference between clinical target volume (CTV) on the individual phases and the internal CTV (iCTV) on the AVIP was seen for the smallest volume. For the planning target volume, the mean of each metric across all phases is well represented by the AVIP value. For most patients, TCPs from individual phases are representative of that on the AVIP. Organ at risk metrics from the AVIP are similar to those seen across all phases.Findings:Utilising traditional DVH metrics on an AVIP is generally valid, however, additional investigation may be required for small target volumes in combination with large motion as the differences between the values on the AVIP and any given phase may be significant.
Rethinking palliative care in a public health context: addressing the needs of persons with non-communicable chronic diseases
Authors: Tziraki Chariklia , Grimes Corrina , Ventura Filipa , O’Caoimh Rónán , Santana Silvina , Zavagli Veronica , Varani Silvia , Tramontano Donatella , Apóstolo João , Geurden Bart , De Luca Vincenzo , Tramontano Giovanni , Romano Maria Rosaria , Anastasaki Marilena , Lionis Christos , Rodríguez-Acuña Rafael , Capelas Manuel Luis , dos Santos Afonso Tânia , Molloy David William , Liotta Giuseppe , Iaccarino Guido , Triassi Maria , Eklund Patrik , Roller-Wirnsberger Regina , Illario Maddalena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNon-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) are the main cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Demographic aging has resulted in older populations with more complex healthcare needs. This necessitates a multilevel rethinking of healthcare policies, health education and community support systems with digitalization of technologies playing a central role. The European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Aging (A3) working group focuses on well-being for older adults, with an emphasis on quality of life and healthy aging. A subgroup of A3, including multidisciplinary stakeholders in health care across Europe, focuses on the palliative care (PC) model as a paradigm to be modified to meet the needs of older persons with NCCDs. This development paper delineates the key parameters we identified as critical in creating a public health model of PC directed to the needs of persons with NCCDs. This paradigm shift should affect horizontal components of public health models. Furthermore, our model includes vertical components often neglected, such as nutrition, resilience, well-being and leisure activities. The main enablers identified are information and communication technologies, education and training programs, communities of compassion, twinning activities, promoting research and increasing awareness amongst policymakers. We also identified key ‘bottlenecks’: inequity of access, insufficient research, inadequate development of advance care planning and a lack of co-creation of relevant technologies and shared decision-making. Rethinking PC within a public health context must focus on developing policies, training and technologies to enhance person-centered quality life for those with NCCD, while ensuring that they and those important to them experience death with dignity.
Persistent Rheb-induced mTORC1 activation in spinal cord neurons induces hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain
Authors: Ma Xiaqing , Du Wenjie , Wang Wenying , Luo Limin , Huang Min , Wang Haiyan , Lin Raozhou , Li Zhongping , Shi Haibo , Yuan Tifei , Jiang Wei , Worley Paul F. , Xu Tao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe small GTPase Ras homolog enriched in the brain (Rheb) can activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and regulate the growth and cell cycle progression. We investigated the role of Rheb-mediated mTORC1 signaling in neuropathic pain. A chronic constriction injury (CCI) model was dopted. CCI induced obvious spinal Rheb expression and phosphorylation of mTOR, S6, and 4-E-BP1. Blocking mTORC1 signal with rapamycin alleviated the neuropathic pain and restored morphine efficacy in CCI model. Immunofluoresence showed a neuronal co-localization of CCI-induced Rheb and pS6. Rheb knockin mouse showed a similar behavioral phenotype as CCI. In spinal slice recording, CCI increased the firing frequency of neurons expressing HCN channels; inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin could reverse the increased spinal neuronal activity in neuropathic pain. Spinal Rheb is induced in neuropathic pain, which in turn active the mTORC1 signaling in CCI. Spinal Rheb-mTOR signal plays an important role in regulation of spinal sensitization in neuropathic pain, and targeting mTOR may give a new strategy for pain management.
Tunable multiphase dynamics of arginine and lysine liquid condensates
Authors: Fisher Rachel S. , Elbaum-Garfinkle Shana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLiquid phase separation into two or more coexisting phases has emerged as a new paradigm for understanding subcellular organization, prebiotic life, and the origins of disease. The design principles underlying biomolecular phase separation have the potential to drive the development of novel liquid-based organelles and therapeutics, however, an understanding of how individual molecules contribute to emergent material properties, and approaches to directly manipulate phase dynamics are lacking. Here, using microrheology, we demonstrate that droplets of poly-arginine coassembled with mono/polynucleotides have approximately 100 fold greater viscosity than comparable lysine droplets, both of which can be finer tuned by polymer length. We find that these amino acid-level differences can drive the formation of coexisting immiscible phases with tunable formation kinetics and can be further exploited to trigger the controlled release of droplet components. Together, this work provides a novel mechanism for leveraging sequence-level components in order to regulate droplet dynamics and multiphase coexistence.
A phospho-switch controls RNF43-mediated degradation of Wnt receptors to suppress tumorigenesis
Authors: Tsukiyama Tadasuke , Zou Juqi , Kim Jihoon , Ogamino Shohei , Shino Yuki , Masuda Takamasa , Merenda Alessandra , Matsumoto Masaki , Fujioka Yoichiro , Hirose Tomonori , Terai Sayuri , Takahashi Hidehisa , Ishitani Tohru , Nakayama Keiichi I. , Ohba Yusuke , Koo Bon-Kyoung , Hatakeyama Shigetsugu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFrequent mutation of the tumour suppressor RNF43 is observed in many cancers, particularly colon malignancies. RNF43, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates Wnt signalling by inducing degradation of the Wnt receptor Frizzled. In this study, we discover that RNF43 activity requires phosphorylation at a triplet of conserved serines. This phospho-regulation of RNF43 is required for zebrafish development and growth of mouse intestinal organoids. Cancer-associated mutations that abrogate RNF43 phosphorylation cooperate with active Ras to promote tumorigenesis by abolishing the inhibitory function of RNF43 in Wnt signalling while maintaining its inhibitory function in p53 signalling. Our data suggest that RNF43 mutations cooperate with KRAS mutations to promote multi-step tumorigenesis via the Wnt-Ras-p53 axis in human colon cancers. Lastly, phosphomimetic substitutions of the serine trio restored the tumour suppressive activity of extracellular oncogenic mutants. Therefore, harnessing phospho-regulation of RNF43 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for tumours with RNF43 mutations.
Ultrahigh drive current and large selectivity in GeS selector
Authors: Jia Shujing , Li Huanglong , Gotoh Tamihiro , Longeaud Christophe , Zhang Bin , Lyu Juan , Lv Shilong , Zhu Min , Song Zhitang , Liu Qi , Robertson John , Liu Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelector devices are indispensable components of large-scale nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic array systems. Besides the conventional silicon transistor, two-terminal ovonic threshold switching device with much higher scalability is currently the most industrially favored selector technology. However, current ovonic threshold switching devices rely heavily on intricate control of material stoichiometry and generally suffer from toxic and complex dopants. Here, we report on a selector with a large drive current density of 34 MA cm−2 and a ~106 high nonlinearity, realized in an environment-friendly and earth-abundant sulfide binary semiconductor, GeS. Both experiments and first-principles calculations reveal Ge pyramid-dominated network and high density of near-valence band trap states in amorphous GeS. The high-drive current capacity is associated with the strong Ge-S covalency and the high nonlinearity could arise from the synergy of the mid-gap traps assisted electronic transition and local Ge-Ge chain growth as well as locally enhanced bond alignment under high electric field.
Aromatic nonpolar organogels for efficient and stable perovskite green emitters
Authors: Park Jae-Man , Park Jinwoo , Kim Young-Hoon , Zhou Huanyu , Lee Younghoon , Jo Seung Hyeon , Ma Jinwoo , Lee Tae-Woo , Sun Jeong-Yun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExisting gels are mostly polar, whose nature limits their role in soft devices. The intermolecular interactions of nonpolar polymer-liquid system are typically weak, which makes the gel brittle. Here we report highly soft and transparent nonpolar organogels. Even though their elements are only carbon and hydrogen, their elastic modulus, transparency, and stretchability are comparable to common soft hydrogels. A key strategy is introducing aromatic interaction into the polymer-solvent system, resulting in a high swelling ratio that enables efficient plasticization of the polymer networks. As a proof of applicability, soft perovskite nanocomposites are synthesized, where the nonpolar environment of organogels enables stable formation and preservation of highly concentrated perovskite nanocrystals, showing high photoluminescence efficiency (~99.8%) after water-exposure and environmental stabilities against air, water, acid, base, heat, light, and mechanical deformation. Their superb properties enable the demonstration of soft electroluminescent devices that stably emit bright and pure green light under diverse deformations.