bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of age on penetrating keratoplasty indications
Authors: Karahan Mine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the indications of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) according to age groups.MethodsBetween September 2017 and April 2019, 120 patients who underwent PKP in our clinic were divided into five groups according to their age ranges. 1st group; 11‐25, 2nd group; 26‐40, 3rd group; 41‐55, 4th group; 56‐70 and 5th group; 71‐90 years old. The frequency of PKP indications were evaluated according to the age groups.ResultsThe records of 120 patients with age range of 11‐89 (60.4 ± 21.9), 61 of whom were female and 59 were male were retrospectively reviewed. 67 of the eyes made PKP were right eyes and 53 of them were left eyes. There was no difference between the groups in terms of laterality. PKP indications were as follows: 14 (12%) keratoconus, 60 (50%) keratitis / post‐traumatic corneal scar, 11 (9%) corneal dystrophy, 7 (6%) corneal ulceration / perforation, 28 (23%) aphakic / pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. According to age groups, the most common PKP indications were as follows, respectively: keratoconus in the 1st group (n=8, 53%), keratitis / post‐traumatic corneal scar in the 2nd group (n=6, 50%), keratitis / post‐traumatic corneal scar in the 3rd group (n=9, 56%), aphakic / pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in the 4th group (n=7, 32%) and keratitis / post‐traumatic corneal scar in the 5th group (n= 35, 63%).ConclusionsIn our study, the most common indication for PKP was keratitis / post‐traumatic corneal scar. When evaluated according to age groups the difference between groups was not significant. On the other hand, it was observed that keratoconus was the most common PKP indication in the 1st group and the difference was statistically significant when compared with other age groups. Therapeutic reasons for PKP after 25 years of age are prominent due to regional and climatic differences.
Effect of sustained‐release bimatoprost implant (Bimatoprost SR) on visual field mean deviation in glaucoma patients in a phase 1/2 clinical trial
Authors: Stalmans Ingeborg , Bejanian Marina , Goodkin Margot , Zhang Jane , Wang Kevin , Rivas Marcos , Robinson Michael , Rhee Douglas J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeBimatoprost SR (BimSR), a biodegradable intracameral (IC) implant that slowly releases bimatoprost to lower intraocular pressure (IOP), is in Phase III development for glaucoma treatment. The effect of BimSR treatment on the VF (visual field) MD (mean difference) in glaucoma patients was evaluated in a Phase 1/2 clinical trial.MethodsPhase 1/2, prospective, 24‐month, dose‐ranging, paired‐eye trial in 75 open‐angle glaucoma patients with required baseline study eye VF loss (per protocol, MD <−1 and >−17 dB). BimSR (6, 10, 15, or 20 μg) was administered IC in the study eye; the fellow eye received topical bimatoprost 0.03% QD (bim). Rescue topical IOP‐lowering medication or a single repeat treatment with implant was allowed. The primary efficacy measure was IOP. Humphrey perimetry 24‐2 full threshold or SITA standard VF testing was done every 6 months. Results are presented for the intent‐to‐treat population and the subgroup treated with the dose strengths of BimSR that are continuing in development (10 and 15 μg).ResultsMean IOP was reduced by all BimSR dose strengths. IOP was controlled without rescue or retreatment in 68%, 40%, and 28% of BimSR‐treated eyes up to 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Month 24 mean (SD) change in MD from baseline was +0.20 (3.16) dB in all BimSR‐treated eyes (n=59), −0.35 (3.04) dB in all topical bim‐treated eyes (n=59), and +0.53 (3.07) dB in BimSR 10‐ and 15‐μg–treated eyes (n=33). Among eyes with no rescue, mean (SD) month 24 change in MD from baseline was +0.71 (3.17) dB in all BimSR‐treated eyes (n=25) and −0.15 (3.03) dB in all topical bim‐treated eyes (n=55).ConclusionsThese results warrant further investigation to assess VF stability using sustained delivery medications compared to topical therapy.
Short and long term effects of NMDA‐induced retinal excitotoxicity on melanopsin and non‐melanopsin containing retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Vidal‐Villegas Beatriz , Di Pierdomenico Johnny , Antonio Miralles de Imperial‐Ollero Juan , Manuel Bernal‐Garro Jose , Paz Villegas‐Pérez María , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo study short and long term responses of the population of RGCs expressing Brn3a (Brn3a+RGCs) and the population of intrinsically photosensitive RGCs expressing melanopsin (m+RGCs) to excitotoxicity induced by intravitreal injection of N‐methyl‐D‐Aspartate (NMDA).MethodsIn adult albino Sprague Dawley rats, the left eye received an intraocular injection of 100nM NMDA and the retinas were analyzed 3 (n=9), 7 (n=6), 14 (n=10) days (d) or 15 (n=23) months (m) later. Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD‐OCT; Spectralis, Heidelberg) was used to image and analyze retinal thickness longitudinally in vivo at short (3 m; n=18) and long (15 m; n=18) survival intervals. Ex vivo, retinal whole mounts were immunodetected with antibodies against Brn3a and melanopsin and the numbers of surviving Brn3a+RGCs and of m+RGCs were automatically counted and represented using isodensity or neighbour maps.ResultsIntraocular injection of 100nM NMDA causes a massive loss of Brn3a+RGCs; at 3 and 14 days Brn3a+RGCs numbers diminished to 50% and 25%respectively, but there was no further loss up to 15 months. However, m+RGCs showed 3 d after injection a transient downregulation of melanopsin that recovered shortly and by 14 d and at the end of the study (15 m) the numbers of m+RGCs were comparable to their contralateral fellow eyes. SD‐OCT examination showed important reductions of the total and inner retinal thicknesses at 3 m that progressed further up to 15 m.ConclusionThe population of Brn3a+RGCs is quite sensitive to NMDA‐induced excitotoxicity that causes rapidly the loss of approximately 75% of these neurons. In contrast, m+RGCs appear fully resistant to NMDA‐induced excitotoxicity and show only a downregulation of melanopsin expression during the first two weeks. SD‐OCT can be used to assess retinal toxicity revealed by important reductions in total and inner retinal thickness at 3 m progressing up to 15 m.
7,8‐Dihydroxyflavone protects axotomy‐induced retinal ganglion cell loss in adult albino rats
Authors: Vidal‐Villegas Beatriz , Di Pierdomenico Johnny , Salinas‐Navarro Manuel , Manuel Bernal‐Garro Jose , Agudo‐Barriuso Marta , Paz Villegas‐Pérez María , Martínez de la Casa Jose M. , García‐Feijoo Julián , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe substance 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone (DHF) is a potent agonist of the tropomyosin‐related kinase B (TrkB) receptor with a small molecular weight (254 Da) that crosses the blood brain barrier. We analyse the neuroprotective effects of systemically administered DHF on the survival of adult rat axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGC) expressing Brn3a (Brn3a+RGCs).MethodsIn adult albino rats, the left optic nerve was intraorbitally transected (IONT). Rats were assigned to different groups that received daily intraperitoneal injections of saline (n=16) or DHF at different doses (1 mg/kg, n = 4; 2 mg/kg, n = 6; 4 mg/kg, n = 6; 5 mg/kg, n = 12; 10 mg/kg, n = 6; 25 mg/kg n = 6). Animals were analyzed 7 days after IONT, both retinas were dissected, prepared as wholemounts and immune‐labelled for Brn3a to identify surviving Brn3a+RGCs. Total numbers of surviving Brn3a+RGCs were quantified automatically and their topographical distribution was examined with the construction of isodensity maps.ResultsSeven days after IONT, treatment with saline alone or with low doses of DHF (1mg/kg, 2mg/kg) results in the loss of approximately 40% of the RGC population, whereas treatment with medium doses of DHF (4 or 5mg/kg) resulted in significant neuroprotection with loss of only 15% or 7% of the RGC population, and treatment with high doses of DHF (10 or 25mg/kg) caused loss of 26 or 29% of the RGC population.ConclusionOur data show that DHF has significant RGC neuroprotective effects, and that the most effective doses are 4‐5mg/kg.
A model of focal Light Emitting Diode‐Induced photoreceptor degeneration in pigmented mice
Authors: de Imperial‐Ollero Juan Antonio Miralles , Di Pierdomenico Johnny , Bernal‐Garro Jose , Villegas‐Pérez María Paz , Valiente‐Soriano Francisco Javier , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo develop a new model of focal Light Emitting Diode‐Induced photoreceptor degeneration in adult pigmented mice.MethodsIn adult female C57 mice (20 g) dark adapted, the left eye was dilated with clycopentolate. Mice were anesthetized and exposed during 45 seconds to a blue (400 nm) light emitting diode (LED) (500 lux) placed 2 mm in front of the corneal apex. Animals were sacrificed 1, 3, 5 or 7 days (n = 6 each) after LED exposure, their retinas were dissected, prepared as whole‐mounts, doubly immunolabeled with antibodies against arrestin and Iba‐1 to identify cones and microglial cells and examined under fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD‐OCT, Spectralis, Heidelberg) was used to examine longitudinally in vivo the retinal thickness in both eyes at the different intervals after LED exposure.ResultsSD‐OCT eye fundus imaging with infrared reflectance allowed to document in vivo in the supero‐temporal quadrant of the LED exposed retina a rounded less reflective area that showed progressive thinning of the outer retina (approximately 75%) from 1–7 days after LED exposure. This light‐sensitive area showed by 1 day shortened cone outer segments, by 3 days a clear diminution of cone density, and by 7 days additional cone loss. The outer layers of the retina in the light‐sensitive area showed 1 day after LED exposure Iba1+ cells in the center that remained in the same location for 5–7 days. The morphology of these Iba1+ cells was dendritic at 1 day, became ameboid at 3 days and dendritic again at 5–7 days.ConclusionsLED can be used to produce a focal phototoxic lesion in the retina. The focal lesion shows decreased retinal thickness, cone densities and an activation of microglial cells in the outer retinal layers.
The impact of oral escitalopram treatment on the function of retinal interneurons in the rat model of retinal ischemia – a pilot study
Authors: Machowicz Joanna , Wojtyniak Alicja , Pacwa Anna , Wawrzonkowski Patryk , Witek Przemyslaw , Kocot Emilia , Maciurzynski Jakub , Lewin‐Kowalik Joanna , Smedowski Adrian , Pietrucha‐Dutczak Marita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of oral treatment with SSRI – escitalopram (EC) on the function of interneurons (IN) assessed in electroretinography.MethodsSix Long Evans rats were treated orally with SSRI‐escitalopram (n=3) or phosphate buffered saline‐PBS (n=3) for 6 weeks daily. After 4 weeks transient elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) was inducted in the right eye of every rat in order to induce retinal ischemia (IC). Electroretinography (ERG) was performed using Celeris device and oscillatory potentials were analysed (OPs) in 4 time points ‐ before drug administration, before IC induction and 7 & 14 days after it. After 6 weeks rats were sacrificed, retinas were isolated in order to conduct the histological assessment and cell counts. Western Blot analysis was performed in order to assess BDNF and connexin 36 content in retinas and brains.ResultsThe mean peak IOP was 24 mmHg in the right eye and 12 mmHg in the left eye and was similar in treated and control groups. In both groups no loss of RGC density was noted between the eye with induced IC and the healthy one (80 ± 31 vs 76 ± 20 cells/visual field for EC and 55 ± 10 vs 55 ± 11 for PBS; p > 0.05). In the functional measurements in the EC group amplitudes of all scotopic OPs (OP1‐5) were significantly higher 14 days after IC induction when compared to control group (p < 0.05), where deep disturbance of IN function was observed, specifically for OP2‐4, expressed in significant reduction of OP amplitudes (p < 0.05). Similar changes were not observed in photopic conditions.ConclusionsOral treatment with EC prevents desynchronization of retinal IN function during ischemic conditions in a rat. Observations presented above may become crucial for new therapeutic methods for vascular pathologies of the retina.
Eyelid Disorders Highly Prevalent in Ophthalmology Practice; Results From a Large International Epidemiological Study in Eleven Countries
Authors: Doan Serge , Zagorski Zbigniew , Palmares Jorge , Yagmur Meltem , Kaercher Thomas , Benitez Del Castillo José Manuel , Van Dooren Bart , Jonckheere Paul , Jensen Pk , Maychuk Dmitry Yurevich , Bezditko Pavel Andreevich 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeAnecdotal evidence suggests that eyelid disorders are common, although estimates of its prevalence vary. A cross‐sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among patients attending routine ophthalmological consultations to determine the prevalence of eyelid disorders, Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) and related pathologies (in particular ocular surface disease).MethodDuring the consultation a quality of life questionnaire and a clinical examination were completed by the ophthalmologist. In eleven countries, 349 investigator ophthalmologists were recruited who provided data from 6525 patients.ResultsPatients were predominantly female (61.6%), mean age 57.0 ± 17.6 y. Eyelid disorders were diagnosed in 78.3% of patients and were statistically associated with atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, dry eye, age‐related macular degeneration, diabetes, cataract, allergy and MGD. Eyelid abnormalities were identified in 38.5% of patients; abnormalities of the eyelid margin in 59.8%, and abnormal meibomian gland secretion in 34.5%. Conjunctival or corneal abnormalities were observed in 64.9% and 27.9% of patients respectively. MGD was diagnosed in 54.0% of patients and was statistically significantly associated with the presence of eyelid disorders and eyelid margin abnormality. Dry eye was diagnosed in 61.2% of patients and was concomitant with MGD in most cases. Most patients reported some degree of impairment of vision and daily/work activities. These effects on daily life were associated with the presence of MGD. Impact on contact lens usage and on emotions and quality of sleep were also reported.ConclusionIn conclusion, eyelid disorders were highly prevalent in this clinic population. Routine ophthalmological consultations may provide a useful opportunity to improve patients’ quality of life and to modify topical therapy where this is an aetiological factor in eyelid disorders.
Recurrent pyogenic granuloma (Lobular Capillary Haemangioma) of the eyelid in a breast‐feeding patient
Authors: Mansoor Nyaish 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPyogenic granuloma, also known as lobular capillary haemangioma, is a benign vascular tumour which is commonly found in children, young adults and pregnant women. In pregnant women they are usually found on mucosal surfaces such as the gums and are thought to be related to the hormonal changes associated with gestation. Here we describe a case of a three‐times recurrent pyogenic granuloma in the unusual location of the eyelid in a 34‐year‐old breast‐feeding patient. The patient required three excisional procedures. It was felt that the likely cause of the growth was due to hormonal changes related to the prolonged period of lactation. To date only three other cases have been reported of pyogenic granuloma in the gestational or post‐partum period in the eyelid with this being the first case in a breast‐feeding patient to the best of our knowledge. This case highlights the difficulty in managing these lesions and contributes further evidence towards the hypothesised relationship between the hormonal changes associated with pregnancy, breast‐feeding and this lesion.
Effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty in glaucoma patients: a 6 years follow up study
Authors: Aristeguieta Indira , Ayala Eleonora , Gonzales‐Farro Karla , Anton Alfonso , Beltran‐Agullo Laura , Morilla Antonio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe use of laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) has provided an alternative strategy to treat open angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). SLT lowers IOP by enhancing aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork. It induces less coagulative damage than argon laser trabeculoplasty. The effect of SLT diminishes over time and some patients may need more treatment or surgery.PurposeTo evaluate long‐term effectiveness of SLT in OAG/OHT.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. All patients with OAG/OHT treated in 2012 with 180º SLT were included. Patients with <1 year of follow up were excluded. Following SLT, patients were examined at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 months. In each visit IOP was measured, and fundus and anterior segment were examined. Structural images and visual fields were performed to asses glaucoma progression.ResultsSeventy‐eight eyes of 49 patients were included. Mean age was 65.2 ± 12.2 years old. Forty two eyes had OAG, 6 pseudo‐exfoliation glaucoma, two pigmentary glaucoma, two aphakic glaucoma and 26 had OHT. The mean follow‐up was 5.2 ± 1.4 years. Mean previous IOP was 21.2 ± 3.7 mmHg. After treatment, and excluding patients who required surgery, IOP had significantly decreased to 17.1 ± 3.2 mmHg at one year (n = 73; p < 0.001) and to 17.4 ± 3.5 mmHg (p < 0.001) at 6 years of follow‐up (n = 41). The number of drugs used was 2 ± 1.1 before treatment and 1.9 ± 1.2 (n = 41; p = 0.55) after 6 years. A total of 35 eyes (27.3%) needed more than one SLT session to achieve the desired IOP and 18 eyes (23.1%) needed glaucoma surgery in a mean time of 2 years after the first SLT. None of the patients had major complications related to SLT treatment.ConclusionAlthough the effect of SLT decreases with time, our study shows that it can be an effective technique to significantly lower IOP after 6 years of follow up.
The grading of risk factors for diabetes based on early loss of colour and flicker sensitivity
Authors: Bastaki Qais , Rodriguez‐Carmona Marisa , Barbur John L 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify and grade risk factors (in clinically normal subjects) that can lead to diabetes based on early changes in chromatic sensitivity and rod‐ and cone‐mediated vision.MethodsA group of ‘high‐risk’ subjects (n = 82) were recruited for this study. All attended a healthcare centre for detailed vision assessment, in addition to other diagnostic and screening tests. The inclusion criteria required subjects to have at least three or more recognised risk factors for diabetes. The factors examined included HbA1C (>5.7), high blood pressure, smoking history, high BMI, family history of diabetes, FPG levels (>100 mg/dl), age (>45 years), unhealthy diet and lack of exercise. In addition, Visual Acuity, Functional Contrast Sensitivity, rod and cone sensitivities and red‐green (RG) and yellow‐blue (YB) colour thresholds were measured in each subject using the Advanced Vision and Optometric Tests (www.avot/city.ac.uk).ResultsEach of the risk factors for diabetes listed above was examined to establish its effects on RG and YB colour thresholds and the loss of rod and cone sensitivity. Subjects with hypertension had higher RG (p = 0.009) and YB (p = 0.003) colour thresholds and increased contrast thresholds for rod‐ (p = 0.04) and cone‐mediated (p = 0.006) vision. In addition, age (>45) (p = 0.02) and the lack of exercise (p = 0.04) caused worsening of YB colour vision. Lack of exercise is also linked to a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02) in cone mediated vision. Neither family history, nor BMI or unhealthy diet had significant effects on colour or rod‐ and cone‐mediated flicker sensitivity.ConclusionsSubjects at risk of developing diabetes can have significant loss of RG and/or YB colour vision and rod and cone‐mediated flicker sensitivity. The most significant risk factors according to this study are high blood pressure, lack of exercise and age. Although these findings are of immediate clinical interest, it remains to be established how these factors are correlated and the neural changes that can be linked directly to the worsening of colour vision and rod and cone‐mediated flicker sensitivity.
Candidate gene analysis of germline variants in Finnish patients with juvenile open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Järvinen Reetta‐Stiina , Tadji Abdessallam , Repo Pauliina , Liuska Perttu , Harju Mika , Kivelä Tero , Turunen Joni 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeJuvenile open‐angle glaucoma (JOAG) is a rare type of glaucoma diagnosed in children older than 3 years and adults less than 40 years of age. Predisposition to JOAG is generally inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Pathogenic MYOC germline variants are reported in 8‐36% of patients. Rarer pathogenic variants in other genes could also predispose to JOAG. Our aim was to detect disease‐associated germline variants in glaucoma candidate genes in Finnish patients with JOAG.MethodsWe studied 46 unrelated patients with JOAG treated between 2010 and 2018 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. We first sequenced all exonic regions and flanking splice sites of MYOC using Sanger sequencing. In 42 patients without a pathogenic MYOC germline variant, we then performed whole exome sequencing (WES) to investigate variants in 17 glaucoma‐related genes.ResultsFour probands had a likely pathogenic variant in MYOC: c.1109C>T, p.(Pro370Leu), 1130C>T p.(Thr377Met), 1132G>A p.(Asp378Asn), and c.1204G>A, p.(Val402Ile). Three of these patients had a family history of dominantly inherited JOAG. One patient and his mother with JOAG had a loss‐of‐function variant in the FOXC1 gene, c.G366A, p.(Trp122Ter). One patient with sporadic glaucoma had a homozygous likely pathogenic variant in the LTBP2 gene, c.G3938A, p.(Cys1313Tyr). The frequency of the variant carriers in Finns is 0.03% (the gnomAD database). The frequency of MYOC variants was 9% (4/46; 95% CI, 2‐21). The detected genetic variants explained 13% (6/46; 95% CI 5‐26%) of JOAG in our patient series.ConclusionsGenetic variants in known JOAG‐associated genes seem to be less frequent in Finnish patients, compared to other reported populations. Because of the specific population history of Finland, the genetic background of Finns differs from other European populations. Therefore, it might be possible to identify novel glaucoma genes through our JOAG series in the future.