bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dots Integrated NiCo2O4 Hierarchical Nanoneedle Arrays Supported on Ni Foam as Efficient and Stable Electrode for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Kundu Aniruddha , Ryplida Benny , Park Sung Young 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe production of hydrogen and oxygen via water electrolysis has become a sustainable and encouraging pathway for the establishment of new energy sources. Herein, we report the successful growth of hierarchical NiCo2O4‐carbon dots (CDs) nanoneedle arrays supported on nickel foam through a simple and environmentally benign hydrothermal self‐assembly technique. The designed material acts as a binder free electrode and shows bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as well as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. An electrocatalyst sample with an optimal loading of CDs (25 mg) requires a low overpotential of 146 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA/cm2 for the HER in an alkaline medium, whereas it requires an overpotential of 390 mV to achieve a current density of 50 mA/cm2 for the OER in the same alkaline medium. The excellent electrocatalytic activities of the sample with loading of CD can be ascribed due to the presence of large number of exposed active sites offered by CD/NiCo2O4 and the enhanced electron transfer processes occurring as a result of hierarchical structure composed of three‐dimensional nickel foam and the NiCo2O4−CDs nanoneedle arrays. Thus, the synthesis method introduced in this present work is a facile and cost‐effective approach for the construction of bifunctional electrocatalysts with high reactivity and excellent durability.
Analysis of bile acids in human biological samples by microcolumn separation techniques: A review
Authors: Dosedělová Věra , Itterheimová Petra , Kubáň Petr 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBile acids are a group of compounds essential for lipid digestion and absorption with a steroid skeleton and a carboxylate side chain usually conjugated to glycine or taurine. Bile acids are regulatory molecules for a number of metabolic processes and can be used as biomarkers of various disorders. Since the middle of the twentieth century, the detection of bile acids has evolved from simple qualitative analysis to accurate quantification in complicated mixtures. Advanced methods are required to characterize and quantify individual bile acids in these mixtures. This article overviews the literature from the last two decades (2000–2020) and focuses on bile acid analysis in various human biological samples. The methods for sample preparation, including the sample treatment of conventional (blood plasma, blood serum, and urine) and unconventional samples (bile, saliva, duodenal/gastric juice, feces, etc.) are shortly discussed. Eventually, the focus is on novel analytical approaches and methods for each particular biological sample, providing an overview of the microcolumn separation techniques, such as high‐performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, used in their analysis. This is followed by a discussion on selected clinical applications.
Household welfare impacts of an agricultural innovation platform in Uganda
Authors: Ahimbisibwe Beine Peter , Morton John F. , Feleke Shiferaw , Alene Arega , Abdoulaye Tahirou , Wellard Kate , Mungatana Eric , Bua Anton , Asfaw Solomon , Manyong Victor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTechnical approaches to food production are important to the food security of growing populations in developing countries. However, strategic investments in research and farm‐level adoption require greater coherence in agricultural, societal, and local policies. The Agricultural Innovation System (AIS) and formation of the Cassava Innovation Platform (CIP) in Uganda were designed to stimulate interactions between researchers and farmers, leading to the development of improved cassava varieties through participatory plant breeding (PPB) and participatory variety selection (PVS). Moreover, the establishment of a community‐based commercialized seed system called Cassava Seed Entrepreneurship (CSE) has made an important contribution to the rapid multiplication and dissemination of clean planting materials in Uganda. The impact of CIP participation on rural household welfare was measured by household consumption expenditure per capita. The Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) model was applied to data from a formal household survey conducted in the eastern, northern, and mid‐western regions of Uganda. The education, farm size, livestock size, access to credit, cost of cassava planting materials, access to extension service, access to training, and social group membership are significantly associated with CIP participation. CIP participation resulted in a 47.4% increase in household consumption expenditure. This important evidence highlights the need to promote agricultural innovation platform for improving rural livelihoods. Moreover, CIP participation has impact heterogeneity within the participant group that is conditional on household characteristics such as the gender of the household head, pointing to the need to tailor specific interventions and target specific groups within farm households.
Doing the right thing or doing things right? The role of ethics of care and ethics of justice in human resource management of social enterprises
Authors: Magrizos Solon , Roumpi Dorothea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHuman resource management deployments of social enterprises foster care among their members, encourage caring relationships, and enhance the visibility and impact of the diverse voices of their stakeholders and, ultimately, contribute to the creation of a caring organization. The results of this study emphasize the importance of ethics in social enterprises manifested primarily through human resource management practices. Our analysis confirms that the vast majority of social enterprises are motivated by the ethics of care. Social enterprises offer a unique context to juxtapose the ethics of care and ethics of justice because they are founded and operated by caring people but also have to achieve profitability that reliable decision‐making, objectivity, and impartiality.
Numerical formulation and implementation of Euler‐Bernoulli pile elements considering soil‐structure‐interaction responses
Authors: Li Xueyou , Wan Jianhong , Liu Siwei , Zhang Limin 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPile serves as an essential component for transferring loads from superstructures to the soil ground. Proper consideration of soil‐structure interaction (SSI) responses is crucial in evaluating the pile capacity and deflections under external loads. In the current design practices, semi‐empirical or linear‐elastic analyses are utilized, which are often overly conservative and unable to properly consider the nonlinear SSI responses. Thus, this paper presents a new Euler‐Bernoulli pile element for robustly and efficiently simulating the piles considering the SSI responses. The nonlinear springs distributed continuously along with the pile are directly integrated into the element formulations. A quasi‐analytical solution based on the Gauss‐Legendre method is utilized in the summation processes of the total potential energy to significantly simplify the mathematical expressions and ease difficulties in programming. The element tangent stiffness matrix and secant relations are respectively formulated for predicting the displacement and eliminating the accumulative errors in a Newton‐Raphson incremental‐iterative numerical procedure. Because a pile might exhibit large deflections in soft soils, the kinematic motion description using the Updated Lagrangian (UL) approach is developed where the equilibrium conditions are determined by referring to the last configurations. Finally, several examples are provided to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
On a new extension of Weibull distribution: Properties, estimation, and applications to one and two causes of failures
Authors: Nassar Mazen , Afify Ahmed Z. , Shakhatreh Mohammed K. , Dey Sanku 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we try to supplement the distribution theory literature by introducing a new distribution, called the logarithmic transformed Weibull (LTW) distribution by logarithm transformation method. The proposed distribution exhibits constant, decreasing, increasing, unimodal and unimodal then bathtub‐shaped hazard rates. Although our main focus is on the estimation from the frequentist point of view, in addition, we derive some useful structural and statistical properties of the proposed LTW distribution. The LTW parameters are estimated by eight frequentist methods of estimation. We perform extensive simulation experiments to show the performances of the proposed estimators. Applications of the model are presented by reanalyzing two real data sets, and comparisons are made with the fit attained by some other well‐known distributions for illustrative purposes. As an illustration, one data set is analyzed for competing risks to demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed model.
Exploring Video Engagement in an Intelligent Tutoring System
Authors: Quigley David , Caccamise Donna , Weatherley John , Foltz Peter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of student engagement with eBRAVO, an Intelligent Tutoring System designed to support students’ development of reading comprehension strategies. The eBRAVO curriculum is a personalized experience based on the students’ previous engagement with the tool as well as their demonstration of deep comprehension of the current materials. This personalization may include support in the form of video lessons that target the comprehension strategy with which the reader has recently struggled embedded within the chapter context the reader was currently working. This paper outlines the results from a deployment during a summer program supporting students reading ecology content, and shows that students are clearly distinguishable into categories that denote their patterns of engagement with these videos. It also discusses how these results connect to comprehension assessment results within the system and at a unit level and the implications these results have for the design of future classroom intervention systems.
Combination HIV Prevention Strategies Among Montreal Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in the PrEP Era: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Doyle Carla M. , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu , Lambert Gilles , Mishra Sharmistha , Apelian Herak , Messier-Peet Marc , Otis Joanne , Grace Daniel , Hart Trevor A. , Moore David M. , Lachowsky Nathan J. , Cox Joseph ,   the Engage Study Team
Published: July 2020

AbstractPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) became publicly available in Quebec for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) in 2013. We used baseline data from Engage, a cohort of GBM recruited by respondent-driven sampling, to examine patterns of combination HIV prevention use among Montreal GBM since PrEP became available. Latent class analysis, stratified by HIV status, was used to categorize GBM by self-reported use of biomedical and behavioural prevention strategies. Correlates of resulting classes were identified using multinomial logistic regression. Among HIV-negative/unknown GBM (n = 968), we identified four classes:low use of prevention(32%),condoms(40%),seroadaptive behaviour(21%), andbiomedical(including PrEP; 7%). Those using prevention (condoms,seroadaptive behaviour, andbiomedical) had a higher number of anal sex partners and were more likely to report a recent sexually transmitted infection diagnosis.GBM using biomedical prevention also had a higher level of formal education. Among GBM living with HIV (n = 200), we identified three classes:mainly antiretroviral treatment (ART) with viral suppression(53%),ART with viral suppression and condoms(19%), andART with viral suppression and seroadaptive behaviour(18%). Again, the number of anal sex partners was higher among those using condoms and seroadaptive behaviours. Our findings show antiretroviral-based prevention, either alone or in combination with other strategies, is clearly a component of the HIV prevention landscape for GBM in Montreal. Nevertheless, PrEP uptake remains low, and there is a need to promote its availability more widely.
Disease Risk from Human–Environment Interactions: Environment and Development Economics for Joint Conservation-Health Policy
Authors: Albers Heidi J. , Lee Katherine D. , Rushlow Jennifer R. , Zambrana-Torrselio Carlos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmergence of COVID-19 joins a collection of evidence that local and global health are influenced by human interactions with the natural environment. Frameworks that simultaneously model decisions to interact with natural systems and environmental mechanisms of zoonotic disease spread allow for identification of policy levers to mitigate disease risk and promote conservation. Here, we highlight opportunities to broaden existing conservation economics frameworks that represent human behavior to include disease transmission in order to inform conservation-disease risk policy. Using examples from wildlife markets and forest extraction, we call for environment, resource, and development economists to develop and analyze empirically-grounded models of people’s decisions about interacting with the environment, with particular attention to LMIC settings and ecological-epidemiological risk factors. Integrating the decisions that drive human–environment interactions with ecological and epidemiological research in an interdisciplinary approach to understanding pathogen transmission will inform policy needed to improve both conservation and disease spread outcomes.
Experimental investigation of a line plume in a filling box
Authors: Akhter Romana , Kaye Nigel B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of experiments were conducted to quantify the dynamics of a filling box driven by a line plume that spans the full width of the enclosure. Three configurations were tested namely symmetric (centrally located plume), wall-bounded (plume attached to an end wall), and asymmetric. The front movement for the symmetric and wall-bounded configurations was well described by the standard filling box model. The front movement results indicate that the typical value of the entrainment coefficient $$ \left( \alpha \right) $$

α

for an unconfined plume ($$ \alpha = 0.16 $$

α
=
0.16

) could be used to accurately predict the front movement for both the centrally located plume and the wall-attached plume. This is in contrast to other studies that suggest that wall-bounded plumes have a significantly lower entrainment coefficient. The standard filling box model broke down for the asymmetric configuration. As the plume was closer to one wall than the other, the plume outflows that spread out and reflected off the end walls returned to the plume at different times. This created a pressure imbalance across the plume that caused the plume to bend sharply toward the nearest wall. Analysis of the plume outflow as a constant flux gravity current showed that the outflow velocity scaled on the cube root of the plume buoyancy flux per unit width $$ f $$
f
, a result confirmed by further experiments. This result was used to quantify the time at which the plume bends and the standard filling box model breaks down.
Experimental and numerical studies of intestinal frictions for propulsive force optimisation of a vibro-impact capsule system
Authors: Guo Bingyong , Ley Ellis , Tian Jiyuan , Zhang Jiajia , Liu Yang , Prasad Shyam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the intestinal frictions acting on a millimetre-scale self-propelled capsule (26 mm in length and 11 mm in diameter) for small bowel endoscopy by considering different capsule–intestine contact conditions under a wide range of capsule’s progression speeds. According to the experimental results, intestinal frictions vary from 7 mN to 4.5 N providing us with a guidance for designing the propelling mechanism of the controllable capsule endoscope. Our calculations show that the proposed vibro-impact mechanism can perform as a force magnifier generating a much larger propulsive force on the capsule than its original driving force. Therefore, the self-propelled capsule is capable of moving in the small intestine under a wide range of friction variation.
The 3D Brain Unit Network Model to Study Spatial Brain Drug Exposure under Healthy and Pathological Conditions
Authors: Vendel Esmée , Rottschäfer Vivi , de Lange Elizabeth C.M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We have developed a 3D brain unit network model to understand the spatial-temporal distribution of a drug within the brain under different (normal and disease) conditions. Our main aim is to study the impact of disease-induced changes in drug transport processes on spatial drug distribution within the brain extracellular fluid (ECF).

Methods
The 3D brain unit network consists of multiple connected single 3D brain units in which the brain capillaries surround the brain ECF. The model includes the distribution of unbound drug within blood plasma, coupled with the distribution of drug within brain ECF and incorporates brain capillaryblood flow, passive paracellular and transcellular BBB transport, active BBB transport, brain ECF diffusion, brain ECF bulk flow, and specific and nonspecific brain tissue binding. All of these processes may change under disease conditions.

Results
We show that the simulated disease-induced changes in brain tissue characteristics significantly affect drug concentrations within the brain ECF.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that the 3D brain unit network model is an excellent tool to gain understanding in the interdependencies of the factors governing spatial-temporal drug concentrations within the brain ECF. Additionally, the model helps in predicting the spatial-temporal brain ECF concentrations of existing drugs, under both normal and disease conditions.
On the Permissibility of Free-Riding on the Global Lingua Franca
Authors: Harb Siba 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnglish today seems to be emerging as a global lingua franca. And a global lingua franca would be a global public good. Characteristically, being non-excludable, public goods are susceptible to free-riding: absent targeted distributive policies, some individuals can accrue a good’s benefits without having contributed to the costs of its production. In this paper, I make two arguments. First, I argue, against Philippe Van Parijs, that Anglophones are not unfairly free-riding on the efforts of non-Anglophones of producing English as a global lingua franca. I defend the view that instances of what counts as unfair free-riding should be limited to free-riding on public goods that are co-operatively produced. Second, I suggest an alternative claim that is available for Van Parijs to make. Van Parijs believes a global lingua franca is required by global justice. This is a highly controversial claim. But if he is right, then Anglophones' free-riding on the global lingua franca while not an instance of unfair free-riding, may be objectionable nonetheless.
Prolonging the Shelf Life of Cherry Tomatoes by Pullulan Coating with Ethanol Extract of Propolis During Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Pobiega Katarzyna , Przybył Jarosław L. , Żubernik Joanna , Gniewosz Małgorzta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCherry tomatoes are one of the most popular tomato varieties known for their bioactive compounds and sensory properties. One way to reduce the contamination of tomato is to coat them with natural or antimicrobial substances. In this study, an ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) was obtained, and its chemical composition was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) were determined using the serial microdilution method. The antimicrobial activity of 5 and 10% EEP and pullulan films containing EEP (5 and 10%) against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157, Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium solani, and Botrytis cinerea were compared. The influence of a pullulan coating containing EEP (5 and 10%) on reducing the number of bacteria and molds, physicochemical properties (weight loss (WL), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), maturity index, pH, and color), and sensory properties (color and brightness of skin, aroma, flavor, overall quality, and general preference) of cherry tomatoes during refrigerated storage was evaluated. Pullulan films with EEP inhibited the growth of microorganisms on cherry tomatoes. These coatings did not affect the TSS and pH values of tomatoes, but a slight decrease in TA and WL was observed. Cherry tomatoes coated with pullulan coatings containing EEP did not show any adverse changes in their sensory properties. It was found that the addition of EEP to the pullulan coatings enriched them with antimicrobial properties and enhanced their action while reducing the WL and maturation time of cherry tomatoes.
Computing and Programming in Context—Introduction
Authors: Petricek Tomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a society where computers have become ubiquitous, it is necessary to develop a broader understanding of the nature of computing and programming, not just from a technical viewpoint but also from a historical and philosophical perspective. Computers and computer programs do not exist in a vacuum. Instead, they are a part of a rich socio-technological context that provides ways for understanding computers and reasoning about programs. This includes not only formal logic, mathematics, sciences, and technology but also cognitive sciences and sociology. The focus of this special issue is on questions that arise when we consider computing and programming in a wider context. In particular, the papers in this special issue explore the interplay between computing or programming and mathematics, formal logic, sciences, technology, and society.
The Importance of Developing Rigorous Social Science Methods for Community Engagement and Behavior Change During Outbreak Response
Authors: Ashworth Henry C. , Dada Sara , Buggy Conor , Lees Shelley 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTDespite growing international attention, the anthropological and socio-behavioral elements of epidemics continue to be understudied and under resourced and lag behind the traditional outbreak response infrastructure. As seen in the current 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the importance of socio-behavioral elements in understanding transmission and facilitating control of many outbreak-prone pathogens, this is problematic. Beyond the recent strengthening of global outbreak response capacities and global health security measures, a greater focus on the socio-behavioral components of outbreak response is required. We add to the current discussion by briefly highlighting the importance of socio-behavior in the Ebola virus disease (EVD) response, and describe vital areas of future development, including methods for community engagement and validated frameworks for behavioral modeling and change in outbreak settings.