bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Patients with Urolithiasis Visiting the Emergency Department between 2014 and 2016 in Korea: Data from the National Emergency Department Information System
Authors: Kim Jong Wook , Kim Jung-Youn , Ahn Sun Tae , Oh Mi Mi , Moon Du Geon , Park Hong Seok 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the characteristics of patients with urolithiasis visiting an emergency department based on a national database system in Korea. This study spanned a period of three years from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016. A retrospective census was conducted using the National Emergency Department Information System for urolithiasis patients. Patient data, including age, sex, insurance type, emergency department visit date and time, discharge date and time, emergency department treatment result, visit flow, and hospitalization route, were extracted and analyzed. Overall, 103,981, 112,083, and 120,647 patients/year during the 2014–2016 study period visited an emergency department with a diagnosis related to urolithiasis. Total monthly emergency department visits ranged from 35,927 in August (highest) to 24,008 in February. Overall, 13.2% of patients were hospitalized and the hospitalization rate was stable (estimated annual percent change) over the study period. Patients aged <9 years or ≥70 years and those with medical aid had higher hospitalization rates. A higher number of visits occurred in the hot season, on weekends, and in the 6 a.m. and 8 p.m. time slots. This nationwide study revealed that the percentage of patients visiting an emergency department with urolithiasis was higher in August, in the early morning, and at weekends.
Partial rpoB Gene Sequencing Identification and Probiotic Potential of Floricoccus penangensis ML061-4 Isolated from Assam Tea (Camellia sinensis var. assamica)
Authors: Rungsirivanich Patthanasak , Inta Angkhana , Tragoolpua Yingmanee , Thongwai Narumol 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAssam tea or Miang is a local name of Camellia sinensis var. assamica in northern Thailand. By the local wisdom, Assam tea leaves are used as the raw material in tea fermentation to produce “Fermented Miang” consumed by people in northern Thailand and the countries nearby. In this study, twenty-eight bacterial isolates were obtained from Assam tea leaf samples collected from Nan province, Thailand. Bacterial isolates were identified within 6 genera including Bacillus, Floricoccus, Kocuria, Lysinibacillus, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. Among these, the strain ML061-4 shared 100.0 and 99.4% similarity of 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequence with F. penangensis JCM 31735T, respectively. This is the first discovery of F. penangensis in Thailand. F. penangensis ML061-4 exhibited probiotic characteristics including lactic acid production (9.19 ± 0.10 mg/ml), antibacterial activities (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and E. coli O157:H7 DMST 12743), acid and bile salt tolerance (71.1 and 54.9%, respectively), autoaggregation (97.0%), coaggregation (66.0% with E. coli O157:H7), cell surface hydrophobicity (90.0%), bacterial adhesion (82.9% with Lactobacillus plantarum FM03-1), competitive inhibition (17.8% with E. coli O157:H7) and competitive exclusion (34.9% with E. coli O157:H7). Overall, the data suggested that F. penangensis ML061-4 had a great potential to be a probiotic.
Precision and Normative Values of a New Computerized Chart for Contrast Sensitivity Testing
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Calossi Antonio , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico , Barboni Piero 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe purpose was to define a normative database for a grating test for contrast sensitivity, based on a chart monitor with high-definition liquid crystal display, and validate its measurements by assessing their repeatability and determining responsiveness to cataract surgery. Three samples were analyzed: (1) healthy volunteers to assess the repeatability of measurements, (2) healthy subjects to develop the normative database, (3) patients undergoing cataract surgery. All subjects were tested with the grating contrast sensitivity test (Vision Chart, CSO) at 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 18 cycles per degree. The instrument software progressively reduces the contrast of the gratings according to the Quick Estimate by Sequential Testing (QUEST) procedure. In the subjects of the first sample, three consecutive measurements were taken and repeatability was assessed on the basis of the intra-session test-retest variability and the coefficient of variation. The test offered high repeatability, with test-retest variability ranging between 0.05 and 0.23 Log CS and the coefficient of variation between 0.61 and 4.21%. Normative data did not show a normal distribution. The highest median values were observed at 1.5, 3 and 6 cycles per degree frequencies. At these frequencies a ceiling effect was evident. In cataract patients, postoperative values showed an improvement at all spatial frequencies. In conclusion, the new contrast sensitivity test provides repeatable measurements that can be used for clinical purposes. In patients with healthy eyes and good vision, attention has to be paid to the ceiling effect.
Preparation, characterisation and microbiological examination of Pickering nano-emulsions containing essential oils, and their effect on Streptococcus mutans biofilm treatment
Authors: Horváth Barbara , Balázs Viktória L. , Varga Adorján , Böszörményi Andrea , Kocsis Béla , Horváth Györgyi , Széchenyi Aleksandar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEssential oils (EOs) are commonly applied in mouth care products like mouthwashes, mostly as an ethanolic solution or by usage of surfactants as solubilising agents. In this study, we present a formulation for preparation of Pickering nano-emulsions (PnE) of EOs as a novel form for application of EOs in mouth care. For the preparation of PnE, we have synthesised surface-modified silica nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 20 nm, as well as we have examined the effect of EOs concentration on PnE droplet size and stability. In vitro study of their effect on the Streptococcus mutans biofilm as the main pathogen of dental health problems has been performed. We have found that EOs in the PnE form has the highest effectiveness against biofilm formation. Diffusion through the biofilm model membrane was studied to explain this observation. We have found that PnEs have a better performance in the transportation of EOs trough model membrane than the ethanolic solutions and conventional emulsions (CEs).
CO2 separation using composites consisting of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/CdO/1-aminopyridinium iodide
Authors: Kim Hyun Young , Kang Sang Wook 
Published: November 2019

Abstract1-Aminopyridinium iodide (iodine salt) was used in CO2 separation composites consisting of CdO and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM+BF4−). Using iodine salt, the separation performance was largely improved. The CO2/N2 selectivity was 64.6 and the permeance of CO2 gas was 22.6 GPU, which was about twice that of BMIM+BF4−/CdO composites without addition of iodine salt. These results were due to the both effect of iodine salt on the transport of the N2 molecules by the cyclic ring compound and the promoting transport of CO2 molecules by the amine groups. Moreover, the oxide layer on the surface of the CdO could enhance the CO2 solubility, resulting in the enhancement of separation performance. The mechanical and chemical properties were measured using SEM, Raman, TGA and FT-IR. The cross-section of coated membranes was confirmed by SEM. The coordinative interactions of iodine salts with BMIM+BF4−/CdO composite were observed by Raman.
Evolutionary conserved compositional structures hidden in genomes of the foot-and-mouth disease virus and of the human rhinovirus
Authors: Fuertes Miguel Angel , López-Arguello Silvia , Alonso Carlos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPicornaviridae family includes several viruses of great economic and medical importance. Among all members of the family we focused our attention on the human rhinovirus, the most important etiologic agent of the common cold and on the foot-and-mouth disease virus that cause of an economically important disease in cattle. Despite the low sequence similarity of the polyprotein coding open reading frames of these highly divergent picornaviruses, they have in common structural and functional similarities including a similar genomic organization, a capsid structure composed of 60 copies of four different proteins, or 3D-structures showing similar general topology, among others. We hypothesized that such similarities could be reflected in emergent common compositional structures interspersed in their genomes which were not observed heretofore. Using a methodology categorizing nucleotide triplets by their gross-composition we have found two human rhinoviruses sharing compositional structures interspersed along their genomic RNA with three foot-and-mouth disease viruses. The shared compositional structures are in one case composed by nucleotide triplets containing all nearest-neighbours of A and G and in other case containing all nearest-neighbours of A, and C. The structures are under strong evolutionary constraints for variability, allowing the access to novel viral genomic motifs with likely biological relevance. The conserved fragments would be useful to predict critical mutation points sites important from the evolutionary point of view.
Effects of ventilatory strategy on arterial oxygenation and respiratory mechanics in overweight and obese patients undergoing posterior spine surgery
Authors: Kim Kyung Mi , Choi Jung Ju , Lee Dongchul , Jung Wol Seon , Kim Su Bin , Kwak Hyun Jeong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProlonged inspiratory to expiratory (I:E) ratio ventilation may improve arterial oxygenation or gas exchange and respiratory mechanics in patients with obesity. We performed a randomised study to compare the effects of the conventional ratio ventilation (CRV) of 1:2 and the equal ratio ventilation (ERV) of 1:1 on arterial oxygenation and respiratory mechanics during spine surgery in overweight and obese patients. Fifty adult patients with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 were randomly allocated to receive an I:E ratio either l:2 (CRV; n = 25) or 1:1 (ERV; n = 25). Arterial oxygenation and respiratory mechanics were recorded in the supine position, and at 30 minutes and 90 minutes after placement in the prone position. The changes in partial arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) over time did not differ between the groups. The changes in partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure over time were significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.040). The changes in mean airway pressure (Pmean) over time were significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.044). Although ERV provided a significantly higher Pmean than CRV during surgery, the changes in PaO2 did not differ between the two groups.
Higher Risk of Suicide on Milestone Birthdays: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Matsubayashi Tetsuya , Lee Myoung-jae , Ueda Michiko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent studies suggest that the risk of suicide is higher during and around birthdays. The so-called “birthday blues” might be stronger on birthdays at milestone ages (e.g., 20, 30, 40), as these symbolic ages might represent occasions for existential stock-taking that may highlight failures and underachievement in life. Moreover, in some countries (including Japan), certain symbolic birthdays come with the expectation of celebration with family and friends, and thus such special birthdays may elevate the birthday blues if there is nobody to celebrate the occasion with. This study examines the possibility that there are more suicides on milestone birthdays than on other birthdays or days other than birthdays, using approximately one million individual death records between 1974 and 2014 in Japan. Graphical analysis and Poisson regression analysis showed that suicides occurred more frequently on milestone birthdays when people turn 20, 30, 40, and 60. This pattern was predominately observed in men. Our findings suggest that it is crucial for health professionals and family members to pay close attention to vulnerable individuals as their birthdays approach. In particular, individuals are at a higher risk when birthdays coincide with occasions of social significance, including the ages of adulthood (age 20) and retirement (age 60).
Metabolomic Changes of Human Proximal Tubular Cell Line in High Glucose Environment
Authors: Wei Pascal Zhongping , Fung Winston Wing-Shing , Ng Jack Kit-Chung , Lai Ka-Bik , Luk Cathy Choi-Wan , Chow Kai Ming , Li Philip Kam-Tao , Szeto Cheuk Chun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHyperglycemia causes mitochondrial damage renal tubular cells, which contribute to the progression of diabetic kidney disease. However, the metabolic aberration of renal tubular cells in an hyperglycemic milieu has not been fully elucidated. In this study, human proximal renal tubular cell line (HK-2 cell) are incubated in glucose and mannitol at 5 mM or 25 mM. Cellular metabolome was determined by capillary electrophoresis time of flight mass spectrometer (CE-TOF/MS) and capillary electrophoresis-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (CE-QqQMS). A total of 116 metabolites were quantified. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed excellent clustering of metabolomic changes for different treatment conditions, and exposure to glucose at 5 and 25 mM lead to distinct metabolomic profiles as compared to samples treated with serum-free medium or mannitol as osmotic control. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed a number of characteristic changes in metabolic profile following exposure to 5 mM or 25 mM glucose. Notably, lactate-to-pyruvate ratio was significantly increased, while cellular levels of citric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid (i.e. 2-oxoglutaric acid), and fumaric acid were significantly reduced after exposure to glucose at 25 mM but not 5 mM. Moreover, cellular levels of reduced glutathione and total glutathione were significantly decreased, and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio was significantly increased after exposure to glucose 25 mM but not 5 mM. We conclude that in response to high glucose, HK-2 cells characteristic metabolomic changes, including increase in lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, reduction in Krebs cycle metabolites, reduction in glutathione antioxidant activity, and increase in cellular methylation potential. Our results may shed light on the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, but the expression of glucose metabolism-related protein and enzyme activity in HK-2 cells after hyperglycemia condition need to be confirmed by further studies.
SP1–DLEU1–miR-4429 feedback loop promotes cell proliferative and anti-apoptotic abilities in human glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Chen Ruwei , Liu Lijun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mounting studies have revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 1 (DLEU1) positively regulated the initiation and development of various human malignant tumors. Nevertheless, the function and mechanism of DLEU1 in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain elusive and ill-defined. The current study was designed to highlight the functional role and disclose the underlying molecular mechanism by which DLEU1 regulated GBM development. We found that DLEU1 was up-regulated in GBM and DLEU1 knockdown significantly inhibited GBM cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. As predicted by bioinformatics analysis and validated in mechanistic assays, SP1 could bind to the promoter region of DLEU1 to activate DLEU1 transcription. Additionally, miR-4429 was verified as a target gene of DLEU1 and negatively modulated by DLEU1. More importantly, miR-4429 overexpression repressed the mRNA and protein levels of SP1 via binding to the 3′UTR of SP1. Overexpression of SP1 or miR-4429 inhibitor could partly abolish the effect of DLEU1 knockdown on cell viability and apoptosis in GBM. Accordingly, our experimental data revealed that SP1–DLEU1–miR-4429 formed a feedback loop to promote GBM development, providing a new evidence for the role of DLEU1 in GBM.
Spectral properties and detectability of supermassive stars in protoglobular clusters at high redshift
Authors: Martins F. , Schaerer D. , Haemmerlé L. , Charbonnel C. 
Published: November 2019

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) contain multiple stellar populations with peculiar chemical compositions. Pollution of the intracluster gas by an early population of fast-evolving stars is the most common scenario for explaining the observations. Stars with masses in excess of 1000 M⊙ have recently been suggested as potential polluters.
Aims. We investigate the spectral properties of proto-GCs that would host a supermassive star (SMS). Our main goal is to quantify how such a star would affect the integrated light of the cluster, and to study the detectability of such objects.
Methods. We computed nonlocal thermal equilibirum atmosphere models for SMS with various combinations of stellar parameters (luminosity, effective temperature, and mass) and metallicities appropriate for GCs, and we predict their emergent spectra. Using these spectra, we calculated the total emission of young proto-GCs with SMS as predicted in a previously reported scenario, and we computed synthetic photometry in UV, optical, and near-IR bands, in particular for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
Results. At an effective temperature of 10 000 K, the spectrum of SMSs shows a Balmer break in emission. This feature is due to strong nonlocal thermal equilibrium effects (implied by the high luminosity) and is not observed in “normal” stars. The hydrogen lines also show a peculiar behavior, with Balmer lines in emission while higher series lines are in absorption. At 7000 K, the Balmer break shows a strong absorption. At high effective temperatures, the Lyman break is found in emission. Cool and luminous SMSs are found to dominate the integrated spectrum of the cluster, except for the UV range. The predicted magnitudes of these proto-GCs are magAB ∼ 28 − 30 between 0.7 and 8 μm and for redshifts z ∼ 4 − 10, which is detectable with the JWST. The peculiar observational features of cool SMSs imply that they might in principle be detected in color-color diagrams that probe the spectral energy distribution below and above the Balmer break.
Conclusions. Our results show that SMSs should be detectable in proto-GCs if they are luminous and relatively cool. They may be found through deep imaging with the JWST.
Breaking Carbon–Fluorine Bonds with Main Group Nucleophiles
Authors: Coates Greg , Rekhroukh Feriel , Crimmin Mark R. 
Published: November 2019

In this Account we describe a series of new reactions that we, and others, have reported that involve the transformation of C–F bonds into C–Mg, C–Al, C–Si, C–Fe and C–Zn bonds. We focus on the use of highly reactive main group nucleophiles and discuss aspects of reaction scope, selectivity and mechanism.1	Introduction1.1	The Fluorocarbon Industry and Sustainability1.2	Production of Fluorocarbons1.3	Properties of Fluorocarbons1.4	Our Work2	Results and Discussion2.1	Low-Valent Main Group Compounds2.1.1	Reactions with Fluoroarenes2.1.2	Reactions with Fluoroalkanes2.1.3	Reactions with Fluoroalkenes2.2	Main Group Nucleophiles (M1–M2)2.2.1	Reactions of M1–M2 Nucleophiles with Fluoroarenes2.2.2	Reactions of M1–M2 Nucleophiles with Fluoroalkanes2.2.3	Reactions of M1–M2 Nucleophiles with Fluoroalkenes3	Summary and Perspective
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Are we successful in turning trade-offs into synergies?
Authors: Kroll Christian , Warchold Anne , Pradhan Prajal 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Agenda 2030 with its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provides the framework that all United Nations (UN) member states have pledged to fulfill. The achievement of this agenda crucially depends on whether humankind will be able to maximize synergies and resolve existing trade-offs between the SDGs. We provide the first analysis of future interactions for projected SDG trends until 2030 within and between goals, and we analyze how trade-offs and synergies have evolved in the recent past globally. For certain goals, we find positive developments with notable synergies in our projections, especially for SDGs 1, 3, 7, 8, and 9: Poverty alleviation and strengthening the economy, rooted in innovation, and modern infrastructure, therefore continue to be the basis upon which many of the other SDGs can be achieved. However, especially SDGs 11, 13, 14, 16, and 17 will continue to have notable trade-offs, as well as non-associations with the other goals in the future, which emphasizes the need to foster innovations and policies that can make our cities and communities more sustainable, as well as strengthen institutions and spur climate action. We show examples of a successful transformation of trade-offs into synergies that should be emulated in other areas to create a virtuous cycle of SDG progress. The alarming inability to overcome certain persistent trade-offs we have found, and indeed the deterioration for some SDGs, can seriously threaten the achievement of the Agenda 2030.
Is the coexistence of Catalan and Spanish possible in Catalonia?
Authors: Seoane Luís F. , Loredo Xaquín , Monteagudo Henrique , Mira Jorge 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe study the stability of Catalan and Spanish coexistence in Catalonia, a key political and economic European region. Recent, abundant empirical data of language use is analyzed within an analytic model of population dynamics. This model contemplates the possibilities of both long-term language coexistence and decline. The data needs to be interpreted under different circumstances. The most likely scenario, we find, is a sustained coexistence. Extreme cases still lead to the decline of one of the tongues–we delimit when this can happen. Asymptotic behavior is often an unreliable predictor in complex social systems; we make an attempt at forecasting fractions of speakers towards$$2030$$2030. These also suggest sustained coexistence, but some counterintuitive dynamics are unveiled. Model parameters estimated from the data convey relevant information about the prestige and interlinguistic similarity of both tongues. We quantify these parameters rigorously for these languages for the first time. Remarkably, Spanish is found to have a larger prestige in areas which historically had larger Catalan monolingual communities. With limited, spatially-segregated data we examine more fine grained dynamics, thus better addressing the likely outcomes. Differences in model parameters across regions reveal how the two languages are perceived in more urban or rural environments.