bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sirolimus for Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma and Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon in a Neonate
Authors: Cabrera Trevor B. , Speer Allison L. , Greives Matthew R. , Goff Donna A. , Menon Neethu M. , Reynolds Eric W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a case of a neonate born with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE), complicated by Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) and other serious conditions, who was successfully treated with sirolimus. In addition to complications from thrombocytopenia and fluid overload, during the course of therapy, our patient experienced supratherapeutic drug levels at the commonly accepted starting dose of sirolimus. Patients with KHE and KMP should be closely monitored for potential complications of both the initial disease and unexpected side effects of treatments.
The Cockayne syndrome group A and B proteins are part of a ubiquitin–proteasome degradation complex regulating cell division
Authors: Paccosi Elena , Costanzo Federico , Costantino Michele , Balzerano Alessio , Monteonofrio Laura , Soddu Silvia , Prantera Giorgio , Brancorsini Stefano , Egly Jean-Marc , Proietti-De-Santis Luca 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Here, we demonstrate that CSA and CSB proteins, primarily defined as DNA repair factors, are part of a ubiquitin/proteasome degradation process during cytokinesis. Both CSA and CSB localize at the midbody, a transient structure located at the intercellular bridge, where they recruit a ubiquitination/proteasomal degradation complex for the degradation of PRC1, thus allowing the separation of the daughter cells. Defects in CSA or CSB result in perturbation of the abscission, leading to cytokinesis defects that might explain part of the Cockayne syndrome phenotypes. Our results enlighten the role played by CSA and CSB in a ubiquitin/proteasome degradation process involved not only in transcription and DNA repair, but also in cell division.
Parental benefits and offspring costs reflect parent–offspring conflict over the age of fledging among songbirds
Authors: Jones Todd M. , Brawn Jeffrey D. , Ausprey Ian J. , Vitz Andrew C. , Rodewald Amanda D. , Raybuck Douglas W. , Boves Than J. , Fiss Cameron J. , McNeil Darin J. , Stoleson Scott H. , Larkin Jeffery L. , Cox W. Andrew , Schwarzer Amy C. , Horsley Noah P. , Trumbo Evalynn M. , Ward Michael P. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Parent–offspring conflict has explained a variety of ecological phenomena across animal taxa, but its role in mediating when songbirds fledge remains controversial. Our analysis of nesting and postfledging survival rates within 18 songbird species found that offspring commonly leave safer nesting environments for riskier postfledging ones—known as postfledging bottlenecks. This timing of fledging incurs a cost for offspring survival, but benefits adults by increasing their likelihood of raising at least one offspring to independence. Parents therefore appear to manipulate offspring into fledging earlier than expected based on the offspring’s ensuing survival prospects. Our results suggest that parent–offspring conflict and associated variation in parental benefits explain variation in fledging age among songbird species and why postfledging bottlenecks occur.
Thirst recruits phasic dopamine signaling through subfornical organ neurons
Authors: Hsu Ted M. , Bazzino Paula , Hurh Samantha J. , Konanur Vaibhav R. , Roitman Jamie D. , Roitman Mitchell F. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
The maintenance of body fluid homeostasis is critical for survival and very subtle deviations from fluid balance can prompt corrective action. These minute changes are detected by first order homeostatic neurons within circumventricular organs of the lamina terminalis but must be passed along to circuitry for motivated behavior. Water-predictive cues evoke robust increases in dopamine signaling in thirsty rats. We demonstrate that this cue-evoked phasic dopamine response is gated by body fluid status, the dipsogenic hormone angiotensin II, and select neurons of the subfornical organ. These data provide critical insight into the conversion of homeostatic imbalance into invigorated action.
Ring-like structures in magnetoactive elastomers based on magnetic hard powder
Authors: Stepanov G V , Borin D Yu , Bakhtiiarov A V , Lobanov D A , Storozhenko P A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, we report on the experimentally observed phenomenon of ring-like structures formation from chains of magnetic microparticles in magnetoactive elastomers based on magnetic hard powder. In order to find an explanation for the specific macroscopic magnetic properties of composites, microstructural observations on the elastic composite based on a thin layer of magnetic hard particles have been carried out. Particles embedded in such magnetic composites can move inside the matrix with some restrictions and form chain-like structures on being subjected to magnetizing and turn over as first the strength of the external magnetic field decreases and then the polarity of the field switches to opposite. The quantitative parameters of these processes depend on a number of factors including coercivity and remanence of particles, polymer matrix elasticity, and external field intensity. In zero-field, the magnetized particles can assemble into ring-like structures, thus tending to bring the free energy of the overall system to a minimum. The study is primarily aimed to shed a light on understanding the specific magnetic properties of magnetic polymers, such as magnetoactive or magnetorheological elastomers with a magnetic hard filler. Furthermore, the phenomenon of ring-like structures formation can be used for controlled remote patterning of particles in magnetic elastic composite thin films, which is attractive for various applications.
Mechanical behavior of a NiTi superelastic bone plate obtained by investment casting assisted by additive manufacturing
Authors: Da Cruz Gomes Antonio Aristófanes , Grassi Estephanie Nobre Dantas , da Silva Paulo César Sales , de Araújo Carlos José 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The mechanical behavior of nickel-titanium shape memory alloys (NiTi SMA) presents unique features that benefit the bone fracture healing process: matching elastic modulus ranges, the ability to recover large deformations, and mechanical dissipation capacity. In this sense, this work proposes a new manufacturing process for NiTi SMA bone implants, particularly bone plates: additive manufacturing assisted investment casting (IC). This process delivers near-net NiTi SMA parts with either simple or complex shapes, also allowing a high degree of customization. Four identical NiTi SMA bone plates were manufactured through IC and characterized. Four-point bending tests were performed on the bone plate prototypes to verify their mechanical and fatigue behaviors. The NiTi bone plates have an elastic modulus of the order of 49 GPa at 37 °C and recovered all deformations upon unloading when submitted to four-point bending deflections up to 4 mm. The fatigue life was between 103 and >105, depending on the deflection amplitude. Our next work with this technology will address aspects of cytotoxicity and implantation of the part in animals.
Assessment of the non-linear optical behavior of cells for discrimination between normal and malignant glial cells
Authors: Minaei Soraya Emamgholizadeh , Ghader Alireza , Ardakani Ali Abbasian , Khoei Samideh , Ara Mohammad Hosein Majles 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cancer patients who have a diagnosis in the early stage of the disease have better chances for therapy. Thus, development of new diagnostic procedures is needed for the early detection of cancer. Measuring and analyzing the light that is scattered by the cells can be utilized to monitor early variations associated with cancer evolution. The key hypothesis behind this research was the application of the Z-scan method to progress the precision of detecting the C6 glioblastoma multiforme cancer cells and the OLN-93 normal glial cells.
A Nd:YAG CW laser with a wavelength of 532 nm was used. The laser beam passed through the prepared samples and the transmittance power is distinguished by dislocation. Finally, the nonlinear refractive index and the extinction coefficient of the samples were determined.
Our study showed that the extinction coefficient of the C6 and OLN-93 cells were 49 ± 3 and 33 ± 2, respectively. Also, the sign and value of the nonlinear refractive index (n2) for the C6 and OLN-93 cells was −5.44 × 10−7 cm2 w−1 and +6.07 × 10−7 cm2 w−1, respectively. According to this study, the sign of the n2 index for the C6 and OLN-93 cells was negative and positive, respectively.
Our results suggested that the nonlinear refractive index of the cell samples and Z-scan technique could be an applicable means for identifying glial cancer cells from normal cells.
Internal (Factorial) Validity of the ANAM using a Cohort of Woman High-School Soccer Players
Authors: Glutting Joseph J , Davey Adam , Wahlquist Victoria E , Watkins Marley , Kaminski Thomas W 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionComputerized neuropsychological testing is a cornerstone of sport-related concussion assessment. Female soccer players are at an increased risk for concussion as well as exposures to repetitive head impacts from heading a soccer ball. Our primary aim was to examine factorial validity of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) neuropsychological test battery in computing the multiple neurocognitive constructs it purports to measure in a large cohort of interscholastic female soccer players.MethodsStudy participants included 218 interscholastic female soccer players (age = 17.0±0.7 year; mass = 55.5±6.8 kg; height = 164.7±6.6 cm) drawn from a large (850+) prospective database examining purposeful heading from four area high schools over a 10-year period. The ANAM-2001 measured neurocognitive performance. Three methods were used to identify integral constructs underlying the ANAM: (a) exploratory factor analysis (EFA), (b) first-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and (c) hierarchical CFA.ResultsNeuropsychological phenomena measured by the ANAM-2001 were best reproduced by a hierarchical CFA organization, composed of two lower level factors (Simple Reaction Time, Mental Efficiency) and a single, general composite. Although the ANAM was multidimensional, only the composite was found to possess sufficient construct dimensionality and reliability for clinical score interpretation. Findings failed to uphold suppositions that the ANAM measures seven distinct constructs, or that any of its seven tests provide unique information independent of other constructs, or the composite, to support individual interpretation.ConclusionsOutcomes infer the ANAM possesses factorial-validity evidence, but only scores from the composite appear to sufficiently internally valid, and reliable, to support applied use by practitioners.
Optimizing the Mastectomy Flap to Improve Aesthetic Outcomes
Authors: Salibian Ara A , Frey Jordan D , Choi Mihye , Karp Nolan S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aesthetics of breast reconstruction inherently rely on both the ablative and reconstructive procedures. Mastectomy flap quality remains one of the most critical factors in determining the success of a reconstruction and its aesthetic outcome. Maintaining the segmental perfusion to the nipple and skin envelope during mastectomy requires preserving the subcutaneous tissue superficial to the breast capsule. Because this layer of tissue varies in thickness among different patients and within each breast, anatomic dissection along the appropriate planes is required rather than a “one-size-fits-all” mentality. A team-based approach between the breast surgeon and plastic surgeon will optimize both the ablative and reconstructive procedures while engaging in a process of shared decision-making with the patient. Preoperative clinical analysis and utilization of imaging to assess individual breast anatomy will help guide mastectomies as well as decisions on reconstructive modalities. Critical assessment of mastectomy flaps is paramount and requires flexibility to adapt reconstructive paradigms intraoperatively to minimize the risk of complications and provide the best aesthetic result.
What Are the Long-Term Aesthetic Issues in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction?
Authors: Nahabedian Maurice Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Prepectoral placement of prosthetic devices is rapidly becoming the preferred method of breast reconstruction.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to review long-term surgical and aesthetic outcomes following prepectoral prosthetic breast reconstruction.

Methods
The study included 90 patients (139 breasts). Follow-up for all patients ranged from at least 1 year up to a maximum of 4.3 years. Parameters analyzed included preoperative and postoperative breast symmetry, rippling, edge visibility, and capsular contracture, as well as secondary procedures such as fat grafting, implant exchange, contralateral procedures, and autologous flap conversion.

Results
The incidence of breast symmetry, which was noted preoperatively in 84.4% of patients, gradually declined to 68.9% after 1 to 2 years and to 56.7% after 2 to 5 years. Rippling and edge visibility were noted in 19.4% and 12.9% of patients, respectively. Explantation without replacement of the device was performed in 12 breasts (8.6%). Secondary procedures included autologous fat grafting (23.7%), implant replacement (7.2%), conversion to an autologous flap (12.2%), and a contralateral breast procedure in 15 of 41 patients (36.6%). Capsular contracture (grade 3-4) was demonstrated in 14 of 139 breasts (10.1%).

Conclusions
Prepectoral breast reconstruction can provide good to excellent short-term (1-2 years) and longer-term (2-4.3 years) benefits; however, over time, the quality of prepectoral breast reconstruction as well as breast symmetry can change due to various factors.

Level of Evidence: 4
How to Optimize Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Graziano Francis D , Henderson Peter W , Jacobs Jordan , Salzberg C Andrew , Sbitany Hani 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Prepectoral breast reconstruction has become a popular method of postmastectomy breast reconstruction due to its numerous benefits in properly selected patients. Prepectoral reconstruction, as compared with retropectoral position, offers the advantage of leaving the pectoralis muscle undisturbed and in its original anatomic position, resulting in significantly decreased acute and chronic pain, improved upper extremity strength and range of motion, and avoidance of animation deformity. The use of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) allows for precise control of the breast pocket, resulting in aesthetic outcomes and high patient satisfaction. ADMs have the added benefit of reducing capsular contracture, especially in the setting of postmastectomy radiation therapy. Although prepectoral breast reconstruction is effective, the breast implant is placed closer to the skin flap with less vascularized soft tissue coverage. Therefore, optimizing outcomes in prepectoral breast reconstruction requires careful patient selection, intraoperative mastectomy flap evaluation, and perioperative surgical algorithms specific to prepectoral reconstruction.
Obesity, kidney dysfunction, and inflammation: interactions in hypertension
Authors: Hall John E , Mouton Alan J , da Silva Alexandre A , Omoto Ana C M , Wang Zhen , Li Xuan , do Carmo Jussara M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Obesity contributes 65–75% of the risk for human primary (essential) hypertension (HT) which is a major driver of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Kidney dysfunction, associated with increased renal sodium reabsorption and compensatory glomerular hyperfiltration, plays a key role in initiating obesity-HT and target organ injury. Mediators of kidney dysfunction and increased blood pressure include (i) elevated renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA); (ii) increased antinatriuretic hormones such as angiotensin II and aldosterone; (iii) relative deficiency of natriuretic hormones; (iv) renal compression by fat in and around the kidneys; and (v) activation of innate and adaptive immune cells that invade tissues throughout the body, producing inflammatory cytokines/chemokines that contribute to vascular and target organ injury, and exacerbate HT. These neurohormonal, renal, and inflammatory mechanisms of obesity-HT are interdependent. For example, excess adiposity increases the adipocyte-derived cytokine leptin which increases RSNA by stimulating the central nervous system proopiomelanocortin-melanocortin 4 receptor pathway. Excess visceral, perirenal and renal sinus fat compress the kidneys which, along with increased RSNA, contribute to renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation, although obesity may also activate mineralocorticoid receptors independent of aldosterone. Prolonged obesity, HT, metabolic abnormalities, and inflammation cause progressive renal injury, making HT more resistant to therapy and often requiring multiple antihypertensive drugs and concurrent treatment of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, diabetes, and inflammation. More effective anti-obesity drugs are needed to prevent the cascade of cardiorenal, metabolic, and immune disorders that threaten to overwhelm health care systems as obesity prevalence continues to increase.
Bezold–Jarisch reflex-mediated asystole during dobutamine stress testing: a case report
Authors: Hossain Nimrah , Hossain Naseem , Al-Sadawi Mohammed , Haq Salman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The Bezold–Jarisch reflex (BJR) is a cardioinhibitory parasympathetic response to activation of ventricular mechanoreceptors, which can result in bradycardia, atrioventricular block, or asystole. This phenomenon has been triggered by acute myocardial ischaemia, intra-arterial nitroglycerine use, natriuretic peptides, and with exceptional rarity, in middle-aged women only, by dobutamine infusion during stress echocardiography.

Case summary
We present the case of a 61-year-old woman who suffered a 5.1-s sinus pause during her 20 μg/kg/min infusion of dobutamine. Recovery was immediate following termination of dobutamine infusion. Concurrent echocardiography was normal, and subsequent cardiac catheterization and electrophysiologic study were normal.

Discussion
This is the fifth documented case of a severe BJR causing asystole during dobutamine infusion, which adds to the accumulating evidence supporting the benign nature of the condition.
Childless Aristocrats: Inheritance and the Extensive Margin of Fertility
Authors: Gobbi Paula E , Goñi Marc 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Using genealogical data of British aristocrats, we show that inheritances can affect childlessness. We study settlements, a contract restricting heirs’ powers and settling bequests for yet-to-be-born generations. Settlements reduced childlessness to the ‘natural’ rate, ensuring aristocratic dynasties’ survival. Our estimation exploits that settlements were signed at the heir’s wedding if the family head lived until this date. Whether the heir was born after a girl provides as-good-as-random assignment into settlements. Next, we develop a theory that reproduces our findings, shows that exponential discounting cannot rationalise inheritance systems restricting heirs and that inheritance systems can emerge endogenously when fertility concerns exist.
Longitudinal Dynamics of Intact HIV Proviral DNA and Outgrowth Virus Frequencies in a Cohort of Individuals Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Falcinelli Shane D , Kilpatrick Kayla W , Read Jenna , Murtagh Ross , Allard Brigitte , Ghofrani Simon , Kirchherr Jennifer , James Katherine S , Stuelke Erin , Baker Caroline , Kuruc JoAnn D , Eron Joseph J , Hudgens Michael G , Gay Cynthia L , Margolis David M , Archin Nancie M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The replication-competent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir is the major barrier to cure. The quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA), the gold-standard method to quantify replication-competent HIV, is resource intensive, which limits its application in large clinical trials. The intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) requires minimal cell input relative to QVOA and quantifies both defective and intact proviral HIV DNA, the latter potentially serving as a surrogate marker for replication-competent provirus. However, there are limited cross-sectional and longitudinal data on the relationship between IPDA and QVOA measurements.

Methods
QVOA and IPDA measurements were performed on 156 resting CD4 T-cell (rCD4) samples from 83 antiretroviral therapy-suppressed HIV-positive participants. Longitudinal QVOA and IPDA measurements were performed on rCD4 from 29 of these participants.

Results
Frequencies of intact, defective, and total proviruses were positively associated with frequencies of replication-competent HIV. Longitudinally, decreases in intact proviral frequencies were strikingly similar to that of replication-competent virus in most participants. In contrast, defective proviral DNA frequencies appeared relatively stable over time in most individuals.

Conclusions
Changes in frequencies of IPDA-derived intact proviral DNA and replication-competent HIV measured by QVOA are similar. IPDA is a promising high-throughput approach to estimate changes in the frequency of the replication-competent reservoir.
A Single Center Review of the Dangers of Recreational Fires in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Perinjelil Vinu , Haake Robert Stephen , Ahmed Afroze , Al-Daoud Fadi , Maraqa Tareq , Mercer Leo , Wong Kristoffer , Morris Stephen , Scholten Donald , Sachwani-Daswani Gul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The increasing trend of admissions due to recreational fires prompted a 5-year review. The retrospective chart review of pediatric burn injuries from campfires or bonfires treated at a single medical center’s burn unit. The study included children within the ages of 0 to 15 admitted or transferred from January 2012 to December 2016 with first, second, and/or third degree burns by bonfires. These patients accrued burns due to active fires as well as postfire ember contact. Two hundred-eighty nine (289) were pediatric admissions out of which 66 (22.8%) were pediatric admissions associated with recreational fires. The mean annual admission for campfire or bonfire burns was 13 ± .98. The mean age was 4 ± 2.47 years. Gender distribution revealed 21 female and 45 male pediatric patients under the age of 15. From the available data, 8 (12%) of these burns occurred at home in the backyard and 16 (24%) at a public camp or park. Injury mechanisms were more commonly a result of direct contact with hot coals and embers (65%). Falls into open flame accounted for 23% (n = 15) of injuries, and flash flames accounted for 12% of injuries (n = 8). The presence of supervision was unknown in 56%; however, lack of supervision was a factor in 14% of our study population. By gaining a better understanding of the type of injury, mechanism of injury, and the demographic of recreational fire burn victims, policy, and awareness campaigns were instituted in an effort to reduce the incidence of recreational fire burns.