bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 in a Designated Infectious Diseases HospitalOutside Hubei Province,China
Authors: Cai Qingxian , Huang Deliang , Ou Pengcheng , Yu Hong , Zhu Zhibin , Xia Zhang , Su Yinan , Ma Zhenghua , Zhang Yiming , Li Zhiwei , He Qing , Liu Lei , Fu Yang , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundA new type of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Previous investigations reported patients in Wuhan city often progressed into severe or critical and had a high mortality rate.The clinical characteristics of affected patients outside the epicenter of Hubei province are less well understood.MethodsAll confirmed COVID-19 case treated in the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen,from January 11, 2020 to February 6, 2020, were included in this study. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical features of these cases to better inform patient management in normal hospital settings.ResultsAmong the 298 confirmed cases, 233(81.5%) had been to Hubei while 42(14%) had not clear epidemiological history. Only 192(64%) cases presented with fever as initial symptom. The lymphocyte count decreased in 38% patients after admission. The number (percent) of cases classified as non-severe and severe was 240(80.6%) and 58(19.4%) respectively. Thirty-two patients (10.7%) needed ICU care. Compared to the non-severe cases, severe cases were associated with older age, underlying diseases, as well as higher levels of CRP, IL-6 and ESR. The median (IRQ) duration of positive viral test were 14(10-19). Slower clearance of virus was associated with higher risk of progression to severe clinical condition. As of February 14, 2020, 66(22.1%) patients were discharged and the overall mortality rate remains 0.ConclusionsIn a designated hospital outside the Hubei Province, COVID-19 patients were mainly characterized by mild symptoms and could be effectively manage by properly using the existing hospital system.
Changing emotional engagement with running through communal self‐tracking: the implications of ‘teleoaffective shaping’ for public health
Authors: Spotswood Fiona , Shankar Avi , Piwek Lukasz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEmerging research explores the role of self‐tracking in supporting healthy behaviour. Self‐tracking comprises a number of interrelated practices; some individual some communal. In this article, we focus on practices that enable interaction between self‐trackers through data sharing and communication around personal data. For public health, communal self‐tracking has been explored for the additional benefits it provides in addition to self‐knowledge. However, under‐explored is the emotional entanglement of self‐tracking and tracked activities, or the role of practitioners in the dynamic evolution of tracked practices. Qualitative, mixed methods data were collected from leisure‐time runners in the SW England who self‐track using social fitness app ‘Strava’, and were interpreted through the lens of practice theory. We find that communal self‐tracking affords the active shaping of the emotion and purpose of running. This ‘teleoaffective shaping’ allows practitioners to negotiate and reconstitute appealing meanings associated with running to protect their practice loyalty. We identify three mechanisms for teleoaffective shaping afforded by Strava: labelling, reward and materialising effort. Findings advance our understanding of how social fitness apps work to retain practitioners of physically active leisure practices. Future research should further explore the multiple ways that associations with tracked physical activity evolve through entanglement with self‐tracking practices.
Umami fractions obtained from water‐soluble extracts of red oncom and black oncom—Indonesian fermented soybean and peanut products
Authors: Andayani Safira Noor , Lioe Hanifah Nuryani , Wijaya Christofora Hanny , Ogawa Masahiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRed oncom, a fermented product from solid waste of soybean curd process, and black oncom, a similar fermented product but made from defatted peanut cake, have been known to have umami taste. Umami fractions of red oncom and black oncom that are responsible for umami taste have not been investigated yet. The objective of this research was to characterize umami fractions obtained by ultrafiltration and chromatography of both oncoms. The first step, water‐soluble extracts of oncoms were ultrafiltered using a membrane with cutoff 3,000 Da and followed by gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G‐25) to obtain umami fractions. Ultrafiltration fractions of red oncom (molecular weight [MW] less than 3,000 Da) and black oncom (MW more than 3,000 Da) had an intense umami taste. The further fractionation by gel filtration chromatography linked to taste dilution analysis yielded umami fractions. Chemical characterization revealed that free glutamic acid, free phenylalanine, and peptides containing their residual amino acids were present in the fractions.Practical ApplicationUmami fractions of red and black oncoms can be used as a source of umami compounds for food industries and food services. The information from this paper can be used by other researchers who will explore umami peptides.
Analyzing the Effects of Groundwater Pumping on an Urban Stream‐Aquifer System
Authors: Flores Luke , Bailey Ryan T. , Kraeger‐Rovey Catherine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen the cone of influence of a pumping well reaches a nearby river, the resulting hydraulic gradient can induce enhanced seepage of streamflow into the aquifer. The rate of seepage is often modeled using analytical solutions that are simple to apply but may not reproduce field data due to mathematical assumptions not being met in the field. Furthermore, the appropriateness of such models has not been investigated in detail due to difficulty in measuring streamflow loss in the field. In this study, a field experiment was conducted on a reach of the South Platte River near Denver, Colorado to estimate pumping‐induced streamflow loss. A network of stream gauges, monitoring wells, and in situ measurements was used to observe streamflow rates, groundwater levels, and temperature to assess if pumping wells have a significant impact on streamflow, and to compare observed streamflow depletion against analytical solutions. Data collected suggest that pumping wells have a noticeable impact on streamflow. The analytical solutions proved accurate if streamflow was low and constant but performed poorly if streamflow was high and variable. Therefore, for this reach, the use of analytical solutions to predict streamflow may only be appropriate under low‐flow, constant‐flow conditions. Methods and results can be used to guide other streamflow depletion studies and to inform cases of pumping‐induced streamflow depletion, particularly in regard to water rights.
Reply to Discussion
Authors: Hunt Luke J.H. , Fair Julie , Odland Maxwell 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the Discussion, Nash et al. (2019) estimate the seasonal change in groundwater volume for a portion of the restored Sierra Nevada Meadow that we evaluated (Hunt et al. 2018) and use this estimate as an upper bound on the possible contribution to flow that is attributable to restoration. The authors conclude that raising the channel bed elevation and reconnecting the meadow floodplain most likely reduced summer streamflow. In contrast, we report at least a fivefold increase in baseflow from the meadow in the years following restoration. In addition, we observed that, after restoration, the previously intermittent stream below the meadow flowed continuously throughout the summer months, despite record drought conditions, and in 2015, the lowest snowpack on record. We suggest that the groundwater budget presented in the Discussion may not adequately represent conditions within the meadow because the authors extrapolate from 5 near‐channel groundwater wells across 62 ha of meadow and assume an area of influence that is approximately one‐sixth of the meadow area. We conclude that the conversion of an intermittent stream to perennial flow during drought conditions is a stronger check on our gauge data than the groundwater budget presented in the Discussion.
Heart Rate Variability Reactivity Moderates the Indirect Link Between Child Maltreatment and Young Adult Alcohol Use Problems Via Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Liu Sihong , Oshri Assaf , Duprey Erinn B. 
Published: February 2020

Background and ObjectivesYoung adults with childhood maltreatment (CM) histories are particularly vulnerable to depressive symptoms and alcohol use problems. Research suggests that maltreated youth may misuse alcohol in part to alleviate depressive symptoms. However, many youths with depressive symptoms exercise self‐control and abstain from heavy alcohol use. The present study aimed to examine the influence of heart rate variability reactivity (HRV‐R), a psychophysiological biomarker of self‐regulation, in the indirect link between CM and alcohol‐use problems via depressive symptoms among low socioeconomic‐status rural young adults.MethodsTwo waves of data were collected from a community sample of 225 low socioeconomic‐status nonmetropolitan young adults (Mage = 21.56, 52.9% female). HRV data were obtained with an electrocardiogram during a social stress task. CM was assessed through the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Alcohol use problems were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.ResultsThe indirect effect of CM on alcohol use problems via elevated depressive symptoms was positive and significant (α × β = .159, P < .001). Self‐regulation, indicated by high HRV‐R (ie, vagal withdrawal), was found to significantly buffer the link between depressive symptoms and alcohol use problems (β = .193, P = .022).Discussion and ConclusionsAdequate self‐regulation capacities can protect maltreated youths from self‐medicating alcohol use problems.Scientific SignificanceThis study will advance researchers’ understanding of the development of alcohol use problems through unwrapping the risk and protective mechanisms underlying the association between young adults’ early life stress and alcohol use behaviors. (Am J Addict 2020;29:141–150)
Evaluation of genetic richness among Vietnamese native pig breeds using microsatellite markers
Authors: Ba Nguyen V. , Arakawa Aisaku , Ishihara Shinya , Nam Le Q. , Thuy Tran T. T. , Dinh Nguyen C. , Ninh Pham H. , Cuc Ngo T. K. , Kikuchi Kazuhiro , Pham Lan D. , Taniguchi Masaaki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe have elucidated genetic relationships of Vietnamese native pigs (VNP) using preliminarily collected samples by a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. In order to confirm our previous results and compare with the results of a previous study using microsatellite (MS) markers, we aimed to characterize genetic diversity and population structure in wider varieties (24 breeds from 21 Provinces) of VNP across the country using 20 polymorphic MS markers recommended by ISAG/FAO (International Society for Animal Genetics/Food and Agriculture Organization) for diversity study. In this study, we collected 1,136 DNA samples of the VNPs and three exotic breeds. Our results revealed that the average number of alleles and allelic richness across the loci in VNPs were 10.0 and 7.6, which were higher than those of exotic breeds. Genomic components among VNPs were subjected to the sampling locations. Interestingly, Co Binh Thuan showed remarkable genetic feature compared to the other VNPs, because the habitation of Co Binh Thuan was relatively far from the other breeds. The results of this study provided useful information for exploitation, conservation, and development trends of the VNP breeds. More recently, African swine fever caused significant damage to most of the VNP populations. Therefore, our findings will help a reconstruction scheme of the VNP genetic resources.
The utility of preoperative radiological evaluation of early rectal neoplasia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: O’Connell E. , Galvin R. , McNamara D. A. , Burke J. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe diagnostic role for preoperative imaging of clinically benign rectal adenomas is unclear. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative imaging in distinguishing benign adenomas from rectal cancer.MethodA systematic search was performed for all studies published that correlated staging of clinically benign rectal adenomas with endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) or MRI and histology. Imaging was compared with postoperative histology and data on the numbers of true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives were extracted. Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity with 95% CIs were calculated using a bivariate random effects model. The QUADAS2 tool was used to determine the methodological quality of included studies.ResultsEleven studies describing 1511 patients were retrieved. A total of 1134 patients underwent local excision and 377 had a formal proctectomy. A benign rectal adenoma was diagnosed in 840 and 214 had a T1 rectal cancer. For confirming benign adenomas, the pooled sensitivity of ERUS was 0.81 (95% CI 0.69–0.89) and specificity was 0.85 (95% CI 0.68–0.93). For detecting occult T1 tumours, the pooled sensitivity of ERUS was 0.50 (95% CI 0.33–0.66) and specificity was 0.89 (95% CI 0.82–0.94). Quantitative analysis of MRI could not be performed due to insufficient studies.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the limited accuracy of preoperative ERUS in distinguishing benign adenomas from T1 rectal cancer. Preoperative imaging must be interpreted with caution to prevent over‐staging and unnecessary proctectomy. We propose that clinically benign lesions may undergo local excision, with subsequent management based on final histology.
Nest usurpation by non‐native birds and the role of people in nest box management
Authors: Bailey Robyn L. , Faulkner‐Grant Holly A. , Martin Victoria Y. , Phillips Tina B. , Bonter David N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInvasive species are a threat to global biodiversity, yet the impacts of invasive birds on the native birds with which they compete are understudied. Humans have a long history of providing and managing nest boxes to support native birds; however, their management of non‐native birds has received limited research attention. We surveyed people who maintain nest boxes in North America to examine the extent of interference competition for nest sites between native and non‐native birds and the human behaviors intended to reduce nest site competition. Our specific objectives were to examine observations of nest usurpation of native birds by non‐native birds across the United States and Canada, to ascertain whether and how people who maintain nest boxes control non‐native bird species in favor of native species, and to quantify various factors correlated with the likelihood of engaging in management activities. We found that nearly one‐third of the 871 respondents had observed a non‐native species usurp a nest box occupied by a native species. Among respondents who reported nest usurpations, species‐specific nest usurpation rates varied (range = 3–35%). We found that witnessing a nest usurpation is the most important predictor of whether or not someone will engage in management activities. Management activity was also associated with the extent to which respondents believed non‐native birds to be a problem at the continental scale. Our study shows that people's observations of threats from introduced species are correlated with the environmental management actions people take, and that these actions can mitigate the threats, and potentially support the survival of native birds.
The use of nondestructive evaluation methods in fatigue: A review
Authors: Wisner Brian , Mazur Krzysztof , Kontsos Antonios 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEfforts to understand fatigue in materials generally rely on defining relationships between the material response to fatigue loading and the evolving remaining material life portion. Typical measurements and data associated with such relationships include load (stress), displacement (strain), and associated properties (eg, mean stress and strain, energy dissipation, and residual stiffness). In addition to obtaining such measurements, efforts have been made to leverage nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods to obtain additional information and enhance the description of the material fatigue response, especially its evolution due to interacting material‐microstructure‐property relationships. Given the range of available NDE methods and the number of materials they can be applied to, a critical overview of related investigations is presented in this article. Specifically, the state of the art of applying optical, thermal, acoustic, electromagnetic, X‐ray, and other diffraction NDE methods in fatigue investigations is provided and discussed. The methods are individually described for background and defining their relationship to fatigue, followed by descriptions of their current uses and contributions to enhancing the understanding of fatigue, and their limitations and ways that improvements could be made.
Glutamine and methionine targeted pulsed electric field treatment for enhanced immune activity in pine nut Gln‐Trp‐Phe‐Met peptides
Authors: Sun LiangZi , Zhang Shuyu , Yuan Liyan , Yang Yiying , Lin Songyi 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe immunocompetence of an immune regulatory active Gln‐Trp‐Phe‐Met (QWFM) tetrapeptide obtained from pine nut protein was enhanced using a pulsed electric field (PEF). The effects of PEF were estimated based on phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) assays of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. PEF significantly (P < 0.05) increased the ability of the macrophages to perform neutral red phagocytosis and produce NO. The relationship between the activity and structure of the peptide was further investigated using infrared, Raman, circular dichroism (CD) and one‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The infrared and Raman spectra indicated that the primary structure and functional groups of the peptide were not altered by PEF treatment, while the CD revealed that the secondary structures of the peptide were affected. Furthermore, PEF treatment changed the chemical environment of the active hydrogen protons. The PEF treatment targeted the glutamine (Q) and methionine (M) in the QWFM tetrapeptide, both of which were specifically related to the immunological activity of the peptide. This overall enhancement of QWFM immunoregulatory activity was attributed to the changes in the spatial force and the state in the peptide solution system.
The influence of syringe geometry on the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative flow test
Authors: Matsuyama Shingo , Nakauma Makoto , Funami Takahiro , Yamagata Yoshie , Kayashita Jun 
Published: February 2020

SummaryRecently published International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) framework provides a new global guideline on texture modification and standardisation for dysphagia patients. The IDDSI flow test determines the usage of the 10‐mL syringe with a fixed length from the zero to the 10‐mL line engraved on the barrel. The objective of this work was to investigate the influences of the other syringe geometries on the IDDSI test. Three syringes of different geometries were used for the test. Results from the IDDSI test (i.e. the amount of residue in the syringe after the gravitational flow for 10 s) depended on the syringe geometries. The actual amount of residue in the syringe can be predicted by calculation using the Hagen–Poiseuille equation. Most importantly, results from the simulation of the residue with changing the syringe geometries demonstrated that the nozzle inner diameter is the most important factor on the IDDSI flow test.
Identification of Intracellular Bacteria in the CiliateBalantidium ctenopharyngodoni(Ciliophora, Litostomatea)
Authors: Zhao Weishan , Li Ming , Xiong Fan , Zhang Dong , Wu Shangong , Zou Hong , Li Wenxiang , Wang Guitang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ciliateBalantidium ctenopharyngodoniis the most prominent protist in the guts of grass carp, where it mainly inhabits the creamy luminal contents of the hindgut. Ciliates are generally colonized by microorganisms via phagotrophic feeding. In order to study the intracellular bacteria in this ciliate, we have successfully established it in in vitro culture. Herein, we investigated and compared the bacterial community structures of cultured and freshly collectedB. ctenopharyngodoni. The results showed that these two groups exhibited different bacterial communities. The most abundant bacterial family in freshly collected samples was Enterobacteriaceae, while in cultured samples it was Fusobacteriaceae. In addition, a key intracellular bacterium,Cetobacterium somerae, was identified in the cytoplasm of cultured ciliates using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This study shows that ciliates can retain the intracellular bacteria acquired in the natural habitat for quite a long time, but the bacterial community structure of ciliates eventually changes after a long period of cultivation.
Incidence and Predictors of Aspirin Discontinuation in Older Adult Veteran Nursing Home Residents at End of Life
Authors: Springer Sydney P. , Mor Maria K. , Sileanu Florentina , Zhao Xinhua , Aspinall Sherrie L. , Ersek Mary , Niznik Joshua D. , Hanlon Joseph T. , Hunnicutt Jacob , Gellad Walid F. , Schleiden Loren J. , Thorpe Joshua M. , Thorpe Carolyn T. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVESContinuation of aspirin for secondary prevention in persons with limited life expectancy (LLE) is controversial. We sought to determine the incidence and predictors of aspirin discontinuation in veterans with LLE and/or advanced dementia (LLE/AD) who were taking aspirin for secondary prevention at nursing home admission, stratified by whether their limited prognosis (LP) was explicitly documented at admission.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study using linked Veterans Affairs (VA) and Medicare clinical/administrative data and Minimum Data Set resident assessments.SETTINGAll VA nursing homes (referred to as community living centers [CLCs]) in the United States.PARTICIPANTSOlder (≥65 y) CLC residents with LLE/AD, admitted for 7 days or longer in fiscal years 2009 to 2015, who had a history of coronary artery disease and/or stroke/transient ischemic attack, and used aspirin within the first week of CLC admission (n = 13 844).MEASUREMENTSThe primary dependent variable was aspirin discontinuation within the first 90 days after CLC admission, defined as 14 consecutive days of no aspirin receipt. Independent variables included an indicator for explicit documentation of LP, sociodemographics, environment of care characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, bleeding risk factors, individual markers of poor prognosis (eg, cancer, weight loss), and facility characteristics. Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard models with death as a competing risk were used to assess predictors of discontinuation.RESULTSCumulative incidence of aspirin discontinuation was 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 26%‐28%) in the full sample, 34% (95% CI = 33%‐36%) in residents with explicit documentation of LP, and 24% (95% CI = 23%‐25%) in residents with no such documentation. The associations of independent variables with aspirin discontinuation differed in residents with vs without explicit LP documentation at admission.CONCLUSIONJust over one‐quarter of patients discontinued aspirin, possibly reflecting the unclear role of aspirin in end of life among prescribers. Future research should compare outcomes of aspirin deprescribing in this population. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:725–735, 2020