bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Risk of Adverse Events in Pregnant Women With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Chu Ran , Chen Wei , Song Guangmin , Yao Shu , Xie Lin , Song Li , Zhang Yue , Chen Lijun , Zhang Xiangli , Ma Yuyan , Luo Xia , Liu Yuan , Sun Ping , Zhang Shuquan , Fang Yan , Dong Taotao , Zhang Qing , Peng Jin , Zhang Lu , Wei Yuan , Zhang Wenxia , Su Xuantao , Qiao Xu , Song Kun , Yang Xingsheng , Kong Beihua 
Published: July 2020

Background
Women with congenital heart disease are considered at high risk for adverse events. Therefore, we aim to establish 2 prediction models for mothers and their offspring, which can predict the risk of adverse events occurred in pregnant women with congenital heart disease.

Methods and Results
A total of 318 pregnant women with congenital heart disease were included; 213 women were divided into the development cohort, and 105 women were divided into the validation cohort. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used for predictor selection. After validation, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop the model. Machine learning algorithms (support vector machine, random forest, AdaBoost, decision tree, k‐nearest neighbor, naïve Bayes, and multilayer perceptron) were used to further verify the predictive ability of the model. Forty‐one (12.9%) women experienced adverse maternal events, and 93 (29.2%) neonates experienced adverse neonatal events. Seven high‐risk factors were discovered in the maternal model, including New York Heart Association class, Eisenmenger syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction, sinus tachycardia, arterial blood oxygen saturation, and pregnancy duration. The machine learning–based algorithms showed that the maternal model had an accuracy of 0.76 to 0.86 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.74–0.87) in the development cohort, and 0.72 to 0.86 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.68–0.80) in the validation cohort. Three high‐risk factors were discovered in the neonatal model, including Eisenmenger syndrome, preeclampsia, and arterial blood oxygen saturation. The machine learning–based algorithms showed that the neonatal model had an accuracy of 0.75 to 0.80 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.71–0.77) in the development cohort, and 0.72 to 0.79 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.69–0.76) in the validation cohort.

Conclusions
Two prenatal risk assessment models for both adverse maternal and neonatal events were established, which might assist clinicians in tailoring precise management and therapy in pregnant women with congenital heart disease.
Accent-induced Modulation of Neural and Movement Patterns during Spontaneous Synchronization to Auditory Rhythms
Authors: Bouvet Cécile J. , Bardy Benoît G. , Keller Peter E. , Dalla Bella Simone , Nozaradan Sylvie , Varlet Manuel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Human rhythmic movements spontaneously synchronize with auditory rhythms at various frequency ratios. The emergence of more complex relationships—for instance, frequency ratios of 1:2 and 1:3—is enhanced by adding a congruent accentuation pattern (binary for 1:2 and ternary for 1:3), resulting in a 1:1 movement–accentuation relationship. However, this benefit of accentuation on movement synchronization appears to be stronger for the ternary pattern than for the binary pattern. Here, we investigated whether this difference in accent-induced movement synchronization may be related to a difference in the neural tracking of these accentuation profiles. Accented and control unaccented auditory sequences were presented to participants who concurrently produced finger taps at their preferred frequency, and spontaneous movement synchronization was measured. EEG was recorded during passive listening to each auditory sequence. The results revealed that enhanced movement synchronization with ternary accentuation was accompanied by enhanced neural tracking of this pattern. Larger EEG responses at the accentuation frequency were found for the ternary pattern compared with the binary pattern. Moreover, the amplitude of accent-induced EEG responses was positively correlated with the magnitude of accent-induced movement synchronization across participants. Altogether, these findings show that the dynamics of spontaneous auditory–motor synchronization is strongly driven by the multi-time-scale sensory processing of auditory rhythms, highlighting the importance of considering neural responses to rhythmic sequences for understanding and enhancing synchronization performance.
On the Boundaries between Decision and Action: Effector-selective Lateralization of Beta-frequency Power Is Modulated by the Lexical Frequency of Printed Words
Authors: Scaltritti Michele , Job Remo , Alario F.-Xavier , Sulpizio Simone 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Current computational and neuroscientific models of decision-making posit a discrete, serial processing distinction between upstream decisional stages and downstream processes of motor-response implementation. We investigated this framework in the context of two-alternative forced-choice tasks on linguistic stimuli, words and pseudowords. In two experiments, we assessed the impact of lexical frequency and action semantics on two effector-selective EEG indexes of motor-response activation: the lateralized readiness potential and the lateralization of beta-frequency power. This allowed us to track potentially continuous streams of processing progressively mapping the evaluation of linguistic stimuli onto corresponding response channels. Whereas action semantics showed no influence on EEG indexes of motor-response activation, lexical frequency affected the lateralization of response-locked beta-frequency power. We argue that these observations point toward a continuity between linguistic processing of word input stimuli and implementation of corresponding choice in terms of motor behavior. This interpretation challenges the commonly held assumption of a discrete processing distinction between decisional and motor-response processes in the context of decisions based on symbolic stimuli.
Lexical Information Guides Retuning of Neural Patterns in Perceptual Learning for Speech
Authors: Luthra Sahil , Correia João M. , Kleinschmidt Dave F. , Mesite Laura , Myers Emily B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A listener's interpretation of a given speech sound can vary probabilistically from moment to moment. Previous experience (i.e., the contexts in which one has encountered an ambiguous sound) can further influence the interpretation of speech, a phenomenon known as perceptual learning for speech. This study used multivoxel pattern analysis to query how neural patterns reflect perceptual learning, leveraging archival fMRI data from a lexically guided perceptual learning study conducted by Myers and Mesite [Myers, E. B., & Mesite, L. M. Neural systems underlying perceptual adjustment to non-standard speech tokens. Journal of Memory and Language, 76, 80–93, 2014]. In that study, participants first heard ambiguous /s/–/∫/ blends in either /s/-biased lexical contexts (epi_ode) or /∫/-biased contexts (refre_ing); subsequently, they performed a phonetic categorization task on tokens from an /asi/–/a∫i/ continuum. In the current work, a classifier was trained to distinguish between phonetic categorization trials in which participants heard unambiguous productions of /s/ and those in which they heard unambiguous productions of /∫/. The classifier was able to generalize this training to ambiguous tokens from the middle of the continuum on the basis of individual participants' trial-by-trial perception. We take these findings as evidence that perceptual learning for speech involves neural recalibration, such that the pattern of activation approximates the perceived category. Exploratory analyses showed that left parietal regions (supramarginal and angular gyri) and right temporal regions (superior, middle, and transverse temporal gyri) were most informative for categorization. Overall, our results inform an understanding of how moment-to-moment variability in speech perception is encoded in the brain.
Multiple-Platform and Multiple-Doppler Radar Observations of a Supercell Thunderstorm in South America during RELAMPAGO
Authors: Trapp Robert J. , Kosiba Karen A. , Marquis James N. , Kumjian Matthew R. , Nesbitt Stephen W. , Wurman Joshua , Salio Paola , Grover Maxwell A. , Robinson Paul , Hence Deanna A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOn 10 November 2018, during the RELAMPAGO field campaign in Argentina, South America, a thunderstorm with supercell characteristics was observed by an array of mobile observing instruments, including three Doppler on Wheels radars. In contrast to the archetypal supercell described in the Glossary of Meteorology, the updraft rotation in this storm was rather short lived (~25 min), causing some initial doubt as to whether this indeed was a supercell. However, retrieved 3D winds from dual-Doppler radar scans were used to document a high spatial correspondence between midlevel vertical velocity and vertical vorticity in this storm, thus providing evidence to support the supercell categorization. Additional data collected within the RELAMPAGO domain revealed other storms with this behavior, which appears to be attributable in part to effects of the local terrain. Specifically, the IOP4 supercell and other short-duration supercell cases presented had storm motions that were nearly perpendicular to the long axis of the Sierras de Córdoba Mountains; a long-duration supercell case, on the other hand, had a storm motion nearly parallel to these mountains. Sounding observations as well as model simulations indicate that a mountain-perpendicular storm motion results in a relatively short storm residence time within the narrow zone of terrain-enhanced vertical wind shear. Such a motion and short residence time would limit the upward tilting, by the left-moving supercell updraft, of the storm-relative, antistreamwise horizontal vorticity associated with anabatic flow near complex terrain.
Tempering Expectations: A Qualitative Study of Prosecutorial Reform
Authors: Richardson Rebecca , Kutateladze Besiki Luka 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: We investigate path dependence and barriers to the acceptance and implementation of reform-minded prosecution, which focuses on reducing unnecessary incarceration, promoting fairness, engaging with the community, and improving accountability in the criminal justice system. Method: Using semistructured interviews with 47 prosecutors in two Florida jurisdictions, both with newly elected state attorneys, we explore reform-minded prosecution priorities and barriers to their effective implementation. Results: Findings suggest that though reform-minded priorities are present in the study prosecutor’s offices, existing prosecutorial norms, case-focused decision-making, policy ambiguities, and communication challenges serve as barriers to their effective implementation. Conclusions: The study highlights the role that line agents play in determining the success of reform-minded prosecution. It also identifies key barriers to reform that reform-minded prosecutors must overcome if they are to achieve meaningful changes toward greater effectiveness, transparency, and impartiality in prosecution.
Intranasal Corticosteroid Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Reported Safety and Adverse Effects in Children
Authors: Donaldson Angela M. , Choby Garret , Kim Daniel H. , Marks Lisa A. , Lal Devyani 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo address concerns related to the safety profile of both Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved and non‐FDA‐approved intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) use in the pediatric population.Data SourceSystematic review of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE databases using comprehensive search strategy, including all INCS formulations and adverse events. The study design was developed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Additional sources were identified from study references of relevant articles.Review MethodsA structured literature search was conducted. Extracted data included age, population size, study design, drug (dosage, route, and frequency), presence of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, ocular symptoms, and growth velocity adverse events.ResultsA total of 33 studies met inclusion criteria. The studies included use of INCS as nasal sprays and drops. There were no persistent abnormalities noted in cortisol level or intraocular pressure change. Growth velocity reduction was reported in 3 of 10 randomized trials. Meta‐analysis of epistaxis and headache showed no significant difference in the incidence of headache or epistaxis when FDA‐approved INCSs were compared to placebo, with a relative risk of 1.12 (95% CI, 0.77‐1.63; P =. 56) and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.60‐1.18; P =. 32), respectively. Meta‐analysis was not performed for growth velocity, HPA axis suppression, and ocular change.ConclusionsINCSs in FDA‐approved routes of administration are generally safe to use in the pediatric population. Use of non‐FDA‐approved INCS drops may increase risk of iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome. Growth velocity reduction, HPA axis suppression, and visual changes due to INCS are uncommon.
Contemporary Management of Jugular Paragangliomas With Neural Preservation
Authors: Manzoor Nauman F. , Yancey Kristen L. , Aulino Joseph M. , Sherry Alexander D. , Khattab Mohamed H. , Cmelak Anthony , Morrel William G. , Haynes David S. , Bennett Marc L. , O’Malley Matthew R. , Netterville James , Wanna George , Rivas Alejandro 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesManagement of jugular paragangliomas (PGL) has evolved toward subtotal resection (STR). The purpose of this study is to analyze neural preservation and adjuvant treatment for long‐term local control.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingsTertiary neurotology practice.Subjects and MethodsAdults undergoing surgical treatment of jugular PGL between 2006 and 2019. Patients, disease, and treatment variables were collected retrospectively. Single predictor logistic regression was used to ascertain predictors of regrowth or need for salvage radiation.ResultsA total of 41 patients (median age, 47 years; 76% female) were identified. Most patients presented with advanced‐stage disease (Glasscock‐Jackson stage III‐IV = 76%). Subtotal resection (STR) was performed in 32 (78%) patients. Extended STR (type 1) was the most commonly performed conservative procedure (n = 19, 59%). Postoperative new low cranial neuropathy (LCN) involving CN X and XII was rare (n = 3 and n = 1, respectively). Seventeen patients (41%) underwent postsurgical therapy for tumor regrowth or recurrence, including 15 patients who underwent adjuvant (n = 4) or salvage (n = 11) radiation. Overall tumor control of 94.7% was achieved at a mean follow‐up of 35 months. All patients treated with combined modality treatment had local control at last follow‐up. Logistic regression identified no single predictor for postsurgical radiation treatment or salvage‐free survival.ConclusionManagement of jugular PGL with a conservative approach is safe and effective with a low rate of new LCN deficit. Active surveillance of residual tumor with salvage radiation for growth results in excellent long‐term tumor control.
Aerosol Dispersion During Mastoidectomy and Custom Mitigation Strategies for Otologic Surgery in the COVID‐19 Era
Authors: Chari Divya A. , Workman Alan D. , Chen Jenny X. , Jung David H. , Abdul‐Aziz Dunia , Kozin Elliott D. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Lee Daniel J. , Welling D. Bradley , Bleier Benjamin S. , Quesnel Alicia M. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate small‐particle aerosolization from mastoidectomy relevant to potential viral transmission and to test source‐control mitigation strategies.Study DesignCadaveric simulation.SettingSurgical simulation laboratory.MethodsAn optical particle size spectrometer was used to quantify 1‐ to 10‐µm aerosols 30 cm from mastoid cortex drilling. Two barrier drapes were evaluated: OtoTent1, a drape sheet affixed to the microscope; OtoTent2, a custom‐structured drape that enclosed the surgical field with specialized ports.ResultsMastoid drilling without a barrier drape, with or without an aerosol‐scavenging second suction, generated large amounts of 1‐ to 10‐µm particulate. Drilling under OtoTent1 generated a high density of particles when compared with baseline environmental levels (P <. 001, U = 107). By contrast, when drilling was conducted under OtoTent2, mean particle density remained at baseline. Adding a second suction inside OtoTent1 or OtoTent2 kept particle density at baseline levels. Significant aerosols were released upon removal of OtoTent1 or OtoTent2 despite a 60‐second pause before drape removal after drilling (P <. 001, U = 0, n = 10, 12; P <. 001, U = 2, n = 12, 12, respectively). However, particle density did not increase above baseline when a second suction and a pause before removal were both employed.ConclusionsMastoidectomy without a barrier, even when a second suction was added, generated substantial 1‐ to 10‐µm aerosols. During drilling, large amounts of aerosols above baseline levels were detected with OtoTent1 but not OtoTent2. For both drapes, a second suction was an effective mitigation strategy during drilling. Last, the combination of a second suction and a pause before removal prevented aerosol escape during the removal of either drape.
COVID‐19 Airway Management Isolation Chamber
Authors: Blood Timothy C. , Perkins Jonathan N. , Wistermayer Paul R. , Krivda Joseph S. , Fisher Nathan T. , Riley Charles A. , Ruhl Douglas S. , Hong Steven S. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveDuring the coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19), health care workers are innovating patient care and safety measures. Unfortunately, many of these are not properly tested for efficacy. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the novel COVID‐19 Airway Management Isolation Chamber (CAMIC) to contain and evacuate particulate.Study DesignMulti‐institutional proof‐of‐concept study.SettingTwo academic institutions: Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) and Madigan Army Medical Center (MAMC).Subjects and MethodsSmoke, saline nebulizer, and simulated working port models were developed to assess the efficacy of the CAMIC to contain and remove ultrafine particles. Particulate counts were collected at set time intervals inside and outside the system.ResultsWith the CAMIC on, smoke particulate counts inside the chamber significantly decreased over time: r(18) = −0.88, P <. 001, WRNMMC; r(18) = −0.91, P <. 001, MAMC. Similarly, saline nebulizer particulate counts inside the chamber significantly decreased over time: r(23) = −0.82, P <. 001, WRNMMC; r(23) = −0.70, P <. 001, MAMC. In the working port model, particulate counts inside the chamber significantly decreased over time: r(23) = −0.95, P <. 001, WRNMMC; r(23) = −0.85, P <. 001, MAMC. No significant leak was detected in the smoke, saline nebulizer, or working port model when the CAMIC was turned on.ConclusionsThe CAMIC system appears to provide a barrier that actively removes particles from within the chamber and limits egress. Further studies are necessary to determine clinical applicability. The CAMIC may serve as an adjunct to improve health care worker safety and patient outcomes.
Patient Perceptions of Head and Neck Ambulatory Telemedicine Visits: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Triantafillou Vasiliki , Layfield Eleanor , Prasad Aman , Deng Jie , Shanti Rabie M. , Newman Jason G. , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, there has been unprecedented use of telemedicine for otolaryngology ambulatory visits. Patient satisfaction with telemedicine is an important metric, but survey‐based questionnaires do not capture the nuances of the patient experience. This study aims to understand head and neck patients’ perceptions about telemedicine clinic visits during COVID‐19.MethodsFifty‐six established patients who had video‐based telemedicine visits with an otolaryngology–head and neck surgery faculty member between March 25, 2020, and April 24, 2020, completed unstructured telephone interviews. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the interview data. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted to determine the patients’ demographic, disease, and treatment information.ResultsThe primary benefits of telemedicine were accessibility and cost and time savings. Primary limitations included the ability to perform a physical examination. Most patients expressed a willingness to participate in future remote visits if appropriate or necessitated by social circumstances.DiscussionTelemedicine is a disruptive process, and long‐term adoption requires understanding patient perception of and satisfaction with telemedicine. Head and neck cancer patients were generally satisfied with telemedicine. The study elucidated patient perceived benefits and limitations of telemedicine.Implications for PracticeContinued implementation of telemedicine in otolaryngology–head and neck ambulatory clinics will require consideration of contextual features surrounding the virtual delivery of care, with particular attention to visit appropriateness for telemedicine and social circumstances.
Healthcare Providers on the Frontline: A Quantitative Investigation of the Stress and Recent Onset Psychological Impact of Delivering Health Care Services During COVID-19 in Kashmir
Authors: Khanam Aaliya , Dar Shabir Ahmad , Wani Zaid Ahmad , Shah Naveed Nazir , Haq Inaamul , Kousar Shazia 
Published: July 2020

Background: Frontline healthcare workers (FHCWs) are at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19. We aimed to assess the stress and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among FHCWs. Methods: This was an exploratory hospital-based study. A semistructured e-questionnaire was developed and shared through emails, WhatsApp groups, Facebook, and Twitter. The study instruments used were stress questionnaire and the impact of event scale—revised. Results: We received 133 valid responses. A total of 81 (61.4%) of the respondents were single, 74 (55.6) were male, 70 (52.6%) were between 20 and 29 years of age, and 91 (68.4%) were from urban background. A total of 83 (62.4%) of respondents were doctors and 28 (21.1%) were registered nurses. A total of 36 (27.1%) were posted in emergency and 34 (25.6%) were in the in-patient department. Feeling sad and pessimistic, feeling of being avoided by others, the burden of change in the quality of work, and worrying whether the family will be cared for in their absence were significantly more in nurses as compared to the doctors. Stress due to burden in an increase in the quantity of work was seen more in FHCWs working in the swab collection center as compared to those working in the in-patient department, emergency, or theaters. Severe psychological impact was seen in 81 (60.9%) of FHCWs. The psychological impact was significantly more in males and in those who were married. It was also significantly related to the place of posting. Conclusion: More than half of the FHCWs had a severe psychological impact owing to COVID-19. The psychological impact was more in males and those who were married, and it was related to the place of posting of the FHCWs. Nurses had significantly higher stress as compared to doctors.