bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosome 5 harbors two independent deletion hotspots at 5q13 and 5q21 that characterize biologically different subsets of aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Möller Katharina , Kluth Martina , Ahmed Malik , Burkhardt Lia , Möller‐Koop Christina , Büscheck Franziska , Weidemann Sören , Tsourlakis Maria‐Christina , Minner Sarah , Heinzer Hans , Huland Hartwig , Graefen Markus , Sauter Guido , Schlomm Thorsten , Dum David , Simon Ronald 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeletion of chromosome 5q is common in prostate cancer and is linked to aggressive disease. Most previous studies focused on 5q21 where CHD1 is located, but deletion of mapping studies has identified a second deletion hotspot at 5q13. To clarify the prevalence and clinical relevance of 5q13 deletions and to determine the relative importance of 5q13 and 5q21 abnormalities, a tissue microarray containing samples from 12 427 prostate cancers was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Deletion of 5q13 and 5q21 was found in 13.5% and 10%, respectively, of 7932 successfully analyzed cancers. Deletion was restricted to 5q13 in 49.4% and to 5q21 in 32.0% of cancers with a 5q deletion. Only 18.6% of 5q‐deleted cancers had deletions of both loci. Both 5q13 and 5q21 deletions were significantly linked to advanced tumor stage, high Gleason grade, nodal metastasis and early biochemical recurrence (P < .005 each). Cancers with co‐deletion of 5q13 and 5q21 had a worse prognosis than cancers with isolated 5q13 or 5q21 deletion (P = .0080). Comparison with TMPRSS2:ERG fusion status revealed that 5q21 deletions were tightly linked to ERG negativity (P < .0001) while 5q13 deletions were unrelated to the ERG status. In summary, 5q13 deletion and 5q21 deletion are common, but independent genomic alterations with different functional effects lead to aggressive prostate cancer.
The potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Shenglong , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClinically, it is difficult to efficaciously screen and diagnose osteosarcoma (OS) in advance due to the low sensitivity and poor specificity of the existing tumor markers. Exosomes (Exos) are nanoscale vesicles containing RNAs, lipids, and proteins with a diameter of 30–100 nm. They are multivesicular bodies formed during the invagination of lysosomal particles in cells and released extracellularly after fusing with cell membranes. Besides, Exos are important carriers of cell‐to‐cell communication signals and genetic materials in the tumor microenvironment. During tumorigenesis, the tumor cells interplay with immune cells, endothelial cells, and related fibroblasts through Exos and boost cancer development. After altering the surrounding microenvironment, the Exos drive tumor cells to proliferate, speed up angiogenesis, and boost cancers to develop along with body fluid transportation. Currently, Exos are becoming novel noninvasive tumor diagnostic markers with high sensitivity, exerting pivotal impacts in fundamental research and clinical applications. Here, we review the existing literature on the roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in OS progression and their potential clinical applications as novel biomarkers and therapeutics.
Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance: Evaluation of the knowledge, attitude, and perception among students and faculty within US dental schools
Authors: Holz Magdalena , Naavaal Shillpa , Stilianoudakis Sprio , Carrico Caroline , Byrne B. Ellen , Myers Garry L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study examined knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and awareness regarding antibiotic use among students and academic faculty in US dental schools.MethodsTwo questionnaires, 1 for third‐year/fourth‐year dental students and the other for academic deans/department chairs were administered electronically. Questions on demographics, antibiotic knowledge, educational formats, and the role of dentistry in antibiotic stewardship were included. Knowledge about antibiotics and antibiotics stewardship was compared between third‐year and fourth‐year students and between students and academic faculty using t‐test and chi‐squared test at 0.05 significance level.ResultsA total of 18 responses on the academic dean and department chair survey and 172 responses on the dental student survey were collected. Overall, 71% of students reported that they could benefit from more education regarding antibiotics. Both faculty and students agreed that dentistry should play an important role in reducing antimicrobial resistance, but most dental students were "not at all familiar" with the term antimicrobial stewardship and several (32%) were unsure if clinical guidelines were present at their schools.ConclusionImprovements to the dental educational curriculum regarding the responsible use of antibiotics, along with the implementation of stewardship programs within dentistry are strongly encouraged.
Evaluation of EDTA, QMix, and Irritrol solutions activated with Er,Cr:YSGG and diode lasers on the push‐out bond strength of filling material
Authors: Saricam Esma , Küçük Meltem , Akyol Meltem 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Irritrol, and QMix solutions used with manual irrigation and diode and erbium, chromium‐doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser activation on the bonding ability of sealer to the intraradicular dentin. The root canals of 90 mandibular incisors were instrumented, and the teeth were allocated randomly to nine groups (n = 10/group) receiving final irrigation with different irrigation solutions (EDTA, Irritrol, and QMix) and irrigant activation techniques (manual, diode laser, and Er,Cr:YSGG laser). Following endodontic filling, three sections of 1‐mm thickness were obtained from the middle third of each root. The root filling was subjected to a push‐out test to examine the bond strength of the sealer to dentin. The test data were examined using analysis of variance with a significance level of ɑ < .05. Failure modes were determined by stereomicroscopy, and the surface characteristics of dentin were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Irritrol showed less push‐out bond strength than did the other solutions in the Er,Cr:YSGG laser groups (p < .05). In the diode laser groups, QMix provided greater adhesion than did Irritrol (p < .05). The activation of QMix with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser increased the bond strength more than did manual irrigation (p < .05). No other significant difference was observed between other comparison pairs (p > .05). QMix provided adhesion superior to that of Irritrol when activated with diode and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers. Er,Cr:YSGG laser activation increased the adhesion of filling material with QMix irrigation.
Depression and Anxiety During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in an Urban, Low‐Income Public University Sample
Authors: Rudenstine Sasha , McNeal Kat , Schulder Talia , Ettman Catherine K. , Hernandez Michelle , Gvozdieva Kseniia , Galea Sandro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMental health disparities in the aftermath of national disasters and the protective role of socioeconomic status are both well documented. We assessed the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among underresourced public university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic in New York City. Between April 8, 2020, and May 2, 2020, adult students (N = 1,821) across the CUNY system completed an online survey examining COVID‐19–related stressors and mental health and sociodemographic factors. Using multivariable logistical regression to assess the association between COVID‐19–related stressors and depression and anxiety symptoms, we found a high prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. We also observed that more exposure to COVID‐19–related stressors was associated with increased depressive (27.0%, 41.4%, and 63.1% for low‐, medium‐, and high‐level stressors, respectively) and anxiety symptoms (19.3%, 34.6%, 52.2%). In addition, the degree of exposure to COVID‐19–related stressors served as an important predictor of depression and anxiety symptoms. Compared to high levels of stressors, the odds of depression were 0.2, 95% CI [0.2, 0.3] for low‐ and 0.4, 95% CI [0.3, 0.5] for medium‐level stressors; for anxiety, the odds were 0.2, 95% CI [0.2, 0.3] for low and 0.05, 95% CI [0.4, 0.6] for medium stressors. Finally, household savings of less than $5,000 increased the risk of anxiety but not depression symptoms, OR = 1.3, 95% CI [1.0,1.6]. Together, these findings tell a devastating story of psychological distress among students from lower socioeconomic groups living in the COVID‐19 epicenter of the U.S. pandemic.
Treatment of Oligometastatic Disease in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Vincent Aurora G. , Wang Weitao , Shokri Tom , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveNo surgical or radiotherapeutic treatment guidelines exist for oligometastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (oHNSCC), and only recently have interventions with curative intent been studied. Herein, we sought to elucidate survival rates among patients with oHNSCC to determine if treatment with curative intent is warranted in this population.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed cases of oHNSCC treated between March 1998 and March 2018. Fisher's exact test was used to compare patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) to those who underwent surgical excision and to compare outcomes of patients with oligometastases at the time of initial presentation to those that developed oligometastatic disease after primary treatment.ResultsEighty one patients with metastases to the lungs, ribs, pelvis, vertebral column, liver, clavicle, and sternum were included. Overall, 32 patients (40%) were alive 5 years post‐treatment. The site of metastasis, the modality of treatment, and the time of development of oligometastatic disease did not significantly affect 5‐year survival.ConclusionHerein, we demonstrate that multi‐modality treatment of oHNSCC is warranted for some patients with an estimated 40% 5‐year survival. Aggressive treatment of the primary and regional sites is necessary in addition to treatment of the metastatic site and incurs a survival benefit compared to patients with metastatic HNSCC treated with systemic therapy alone. oHNSCC should be approached separately from polymetastatic disease. Patients should be counseled about the possibility for long‐term survival, and aggressive initial treatment with the intention for cure should be considered in this population.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1476–E1480, 2021
Restless Leg Syndrome and Objectively‐Measured Atherosclerosis in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Zolfaghari Sheida , Dasgupta Kaberi , Postuma Ronald B. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious studies suggest associations between restless leg syndrome (RLS) and atherosclerosis, but these have primarily been based upon subjective atherosclerotic measures.ObjectiveWe evaluated associations between RLS and an objective indicator of atherosclerosis, namely carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study among 30,097 Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) participants, we used a four‐item questionnaire to screen for probable‐RLS. cIMT was measured at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Associations were tested with linear regression adjusting for age, sex, ferritin, pulmonary disease, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, anxiety, depression, and other sleep diagnoses.ResultsAmong 26,304 included participants, 2047 (7.8%) had probable‐RLS. Mean cIMT was higher (0.755 ± 0.17 vs 0.736 ± 0.17, P < 0.001) in those with RLS, even after excluding those without prior atherosclerotic diseases (0.740 ± 0.17 vs 0.723 ± 0.16, P = 0.016).ConclusionRLS is associated with objective measures of atherosclerosis. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Custom designed radial forearm free flap for reconstruction of nasomaxillary defects: Report of two cases
Authors: Sieira‐Gil Ramon , Yuste‐Colom Marta , Martí Carles , García Eloy , Fontdevila Joan , Ferrer Ada 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNasal amputation and nasomaxillary defects, need to reconstruct the internal lining, osteochondral structure, and external coating of the nose. Authors report a 70‐year‐old male and a 65‐year‐old female treated for nasomaxillary defects (Brown JS, Shaw RJ. The Lancet Oncology 2010;11:1001–1008) due to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) where the tip of the nose was preserved. A new custom design of the radial forearm free flap (RFFF) consisting on a subcutaneous tissue (SCT) component, a skin paddle for the internal nasal vault lining, and a skin paddle for the external nasal skin coating was raised to treat both total thickness nasal defects. The dimension of each skin paddle corresponds to the defect measurements. The skin incisions of the custom design correspond to those of a conventional RFFF. The SCT component was harvested in a subcutaneous plane continuously with the skin island for the internal nasal lining which is drawn on the ulnar skin of the forearm. The component for the external nasal coating was drawn on the radial skin area of the flap. No postoperative complications and a satisfactory outcome was reported after 1 year of follow‐up. This new custom design of the RFFF is described for reconstruction of nasomaxillary defects when the tip of the nose is preserved.
A graphene‐metamaterial hybrid structure for the design of reconfigurable low pass terahertz filters
Authors: Xu Wei , Lv Tao , Guo Haiyang , Yang Jiayi , Bi Yaqi , Zhang Qian , Feng Di , Deng Tao , Li Xiuhan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA graphene‐metamaterial hybrid structure for the design of reconfigurable low pass filters in terahertz region is proposed. This design manages to manipulate the resonance characteristics of metamaterial and terahertz wave response characteristics of the hybrid structure by controlling the chemical potential of graphene. The shift of the resonant frequency and the modulation of the resonant peak of the metamaterial, which have negative effects on the performance of the proposed filter, were studied and the thickness of the dielectric layer between graphene and metamaterial is found to play an important role. Finally, a reconfigurable pass band with a maximum modulation depth of ~ 32% at 0.1THz is obtained.
A comparative in‐process monitoring of temperature profile in fused filament fabrication
Authors: Vanaei H.R. , Deligant M. , Shirinbayan M. , Raissi K. , Fitoussi J. , Khelladi S. , Tcharkhtchi A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFused filament fabrication (FFF), an additive manufacturing technique, is used to produce prototypes and a gradually more important processing route to get final products. Due to the layer‐by‐layer deposition mechanism involved, bonding between adjacent layers is controlled by the thermal energy of the material being printed. Thus, it is strongly in conjunction with the temperature development of the filaments during the deposition sequence. This study gives out an in‐process set‐up enabling to record temperature profile of two adjacent filaments or a sequence of deposition in various locations during FFF process. The main characteristic of the presented procedure is the possibility of obtaining a global temperature profile resulted from an IR‐camera; parallel to those recorded using a K‐type thermocouple. Needless to say that a K‐type thermocouple accurately records the local temperature at the interface of adjacent filaments. Conversely, an IR‐camera signifies the temperature profile on the captured surface. The obtained results showed that there is a remarkable difference between the cooling rate and re‐heating peaks. The primary outcome of this study is the consideration of results accuracy and the possibility of working on optimization of the obtained temperature profile. Altogether it helps optimize inter‐layer strength while assessing the temperature evolution.
Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with COVID‐19: Real‐World Experience Assessing Mortality
Authors: Annie Frank H. , Sirbu Cristian , Frazier Keely R. , Broce Mike , Lucas B. Daniel 
Published: October 2020

Introduction
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is presently being used off‐label or within a clinical trial.
Objectives
We investigated a multinational database of patients with COVID‐19 with real‐world data containing outcomes and their relationship to HCQ use. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality within 30 days of follow‐up.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients receiving HCQ within 48 hours of hospital admission. Medications, preexisting conditions, clinical measures on admission, and outcomes were recorded.
Results
Among patients with a diagnosis of COVID‐19 in our propensity‐matched cohort, the mean ages ± SD were 62.3 ± 15.9 years (53.7% male) and 61.9 ± 16.0 years (53.0% male) in the HCQ and no‐HCQ groups, respectively. There was no difference in overall 30‐day mortality between the HCQ and no‐HCQ groups (HCQ 13.1%, n=367; no HCQ 13.6%, n=367; odds ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.62–1.46) after propensity matching. Although statistically insignificant, the HCQ‐azithromycin (AZ) group had an overall mortality rate of 14.6% (n=199) compared with propensity‐matched no‐HCQ–AZ cohort’s rate of 12.1% (n=199, OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.70–2.22). Importantly, however, there was no trend in this cohort’s overall mortality/arrhythmogenesis outcome (HCQ‐AZ 17.1%, no HCQ–no AZ 17.1%; OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6–1.7).
Conclusions
We report from a large retrospective multinational database analysis of COVID‐19 outcomes with HCQ and overall mortality in hospitalized patients. There was no statistically significant increase in mortality and mortality‐arrhythmia with HCQ or HCQ‐AZ.
Relativistic structural characterization of molybdenum and tungsten disulfide materials
Authors: Arockiaraj Micheal , Klavžar Sandi , Kavitha S. Ruth Julie , Mushtaq Shagufa , Balasubramanian Krishnan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe advent of two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides has triggered an interest in exploring a new class of high‐performance materials with intriguing physicochemical attributes. Molybdenum and tungsten disulfides have attracted significant attention due to surface excitons and trions and the large spin‐orbit effects of these compounds. Moreover, WS2is especially intriguing due to large relativistic effects, which result in bound excitons at the edge and biexciton formation in the bilayers. Hence, we present a relativistic topological model for the characterization of these two types of metal disulfides. We have employed relativistically weighted graph‐theoretical methods for obtaining structural descriptors of these compounds through the inclusion of different shapes on the boundaries and employing the topological cut techniques.
Dynamic controllers for local input‐to‐state stabilization of discrete‐time linear parameter‐varying systems with delay and saturating actuators
Authors: de Souza Carla , Castelan Eugênio B. , Leite Valter J. S. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWe address the design of dynamic parameter‐dependent controllers with antiwindup action to locally stabilize in the input‐to‐state sense a class of discrete‐time linear parameter‐varying (LPV) systems. Such a class consists of systems with delayed state, saturating actuators, and subject to energy bounded disturbances. Moreover, the interval time‐varying delay can have a limited variation rate between two consecutive instants allowing to achieve less conservative design conditions. Differently from other conditions in the literature, the proposed convex synthesis methods allow to design dynamic controllers of different orders. Additionally, the user can choose to feed back only the current output of the system or its delayed ones. Thanks to the embedded (parameter dependent) antiwindup action, it is possible, for instance, to enlarge the region of admissible initial conditions or the maximum admissible disturbance energy. To illustrate the efficiency of our approach, we present numerical examples to compare with other methods from the literature.
In Situ Growth of 2D Ultrathin NiCo2O4 Nanosheet Arrays on Ni Foam for High Performance and Flexible Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Yang Feng , Chen Haixin , Wang Kun , Chen Junwei , Wang Yi , Song Shuqin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn order to further overcome the shortage of electrodes with additive/binder and modulate the structure of NiCo2O4 for supercapacitors, ultrathin NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays have been in situ grown on Ni foam by optimizing hydrothermal reactions based on crystal growth dynamics. The structure of ultrathin NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays can expose more active sites, provide abundant diffusion channels and buffer the stress caused by phase transition during charge–discharge process of supercapacitors. The optimized hydrothermal reactions can provide more ordered crystal orientations by keeping nanosheets on Ni foam completely coming from in situ growth, which will decrease the inner resistance of ultrathin NiCo2O4 nanosheets and improve the efficiency and kinetics of electrons transfer. By the virtue of such remarkable features, the electrochemical results confirm the rationality of structural modulation and crystal orientations optimization with a drastically enhanced specific capacitance of 2017.8 F g−1, admirable rate performance of 93.2% and outstanding stability retention of 90.9% after cycling 5000 times. More impressively, the assembled flexible solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) shows superior energy density, power density, and high stability. The modification strategy in this paper may throw light on the rational design of new generation advanced electrode materials for high‐performance flexible supercapacitors.
Plasmonic Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Activation on Low‐Work‐Function Tungsten Nitride for Direct Near‐Infrared Driven Photocatalysis
Authors: Huang Weicheng , Gao Yan , Wang Jinxin , Ding Pengcheng , Yan Mei , Wu Fengmin , Liu Jian , Liu Danqing , Guo Chongshen , Yang Bin , Cao Wenwu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRealizing near‐infrared (NIR) driven photocatalytic reaction is one of the promising strategies to promote the solar energy utilization and photocatalytic efficiencies. However, effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation under NIR irradiation remains to be great challenge for nearly all previously reported photocatalysts. Herein, the cubic‐phase tungsten nitride (WN) with strong plasmonic NIR absorption and low‐work function (≈3.59 eV) is proved to be able to mediate direct ROS activation by both of experimental observation and theoretical simulation. The cubic WN nanocubes (NCs) are synthesized via the hydrothermal‐ammonia nitridation process and its NIR‐driven photocatalytic properties, including photocatalytic degradation, hydroxylation, and de‐esterification, are reported for the first time in this work. The 3D finite element simulation results demonstrate the size dependent and wavelength tuned plasmonic NIR absorption of the WN NCs. The NIR‐driven photocatalytic mechanism of WN NCs is proposed based on density functional theory (DFT) calculated electronic structure and facet dependent O2 (or H2O) molecular activation, radicals scavenging test, spin trapped electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, and ultraviolet photoelectronic spectrum (UPS). Overall, the results in this work pave a way for the application of low‐work‐function materials as highly reactive NIR photocatalyst.