bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control for linearly parameterized discrete‐time port controlled Hamiltonian systems via I&I approach
Authors: Alkrunz Mohammed , Yalçın Yaprak 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn this paper, discrete‐time adaptive control of linearly parameterized fully actuated Port‐controlled Hamiltonian systems with parameter uncertainties in energy function is considered. A discrete‐time adaptive interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control (IDA‐PBC) method, utilizing the immersion and invariance (I&I) approach, for the considered uncertain Hamiltonian system, is presented. A discrete‐time parameter estimator based on the immersion and invariance approach is derived to obtain an automatic tuning mechanism for the IDA‐PBC controller. The stability analysis for the estimator and the closed‐loop system is done using the Lyapunov theory. The proposed method is applied to two fully actuated physical systems and its performance is tested by simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed I&I‐based adaptive IDA‐PBC controller successfully preserves the performance of the IDA‐PBC controller designed with true parameters under a large amount of uncertainty.
The Pitfalls in Nonaqueous Electrochemistry of Al‐Ion and Al Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Kovalenko Maksym V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe quest for cost‐effective and TWh‐scale stationary energy storage systems has caused a surge of research on novel post‐Li‐ion batteries that consist solely of abundant chemical elements. Nonaqueous Al batteries, inter alia, are appealing as an inexpensive electrochemical technology owing to the high natural abundance of aluminum. A critical assessment of the literature on Al batteries, however, points to numerous misconceptions in this field. The latter is primarily linked to the false assessment of the charge storage redox reactions occurring upon cycling of Al batteries. To ensure the constructive progress of Al batteries, in this essay, the current scientific understanding of the operational mechanisms of two commonly studied Al battery systems, Al‐ion and Al dual‐ion batteries are summarized. Furthermore, the main pitfalls in interpretation and reporting of the electrochemical performance of Al cathode materials and cell‐level energy densities of Al batteries are clarified along with core challenges currently limiting their development. Toward this end, the subject of the charge storage balancing of Al dual‐ion batteries is discussed.
Atomically Dispersed Co‐Pyridinic N‐C for Superior Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ha Yuan , Fei Ben , Yan Xiaoxiao , Xu Hongbin , Chen Ziliang , Shi Lingxia , Fu Maosen , Xu Wei , Wu Renbing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEngineering transition metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (TM‐N‐C) catalysts with high‐density accessible active sites and optimized electronic structure holds great promise in the context of the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a novel modification of a lysozyme‐modified zeolitic imidazolate framework with isolated Co atoms anchored on dominated pyridinic‐N doped carbon (Co‐pyridinic N‐C) is reported. The atomically dispersed Co allows the maximum active site exposure while the introduction of pyridinic N can greatly reduce the electron localization around the Co centers and improve the interaction with oxygenated species, and thus lowering the energy barriers of the intermediates and facilitating the favorable four‐electron ORR pathway. Owing to the synergistic effects of single‐atom Co and coordinated pyridinic N, the Co‐pyridinic N‐C catalyst exhibits an exceptional ORR activity and remarkable stability in both alkaline and more challenging acidic media, representing one of the most active Co‐N‐C catalysts reported. This work may open an avenue for the rational design of TM‐N‐C catalysts to boost their catalytic performance for application in the ORR.
Engineering 2D Materials: A Viable Pathway for Improved Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Lin Liangxu , Chen Jun , Liu Dezheng , Li Xifei , Wallace Gordon G. , Zhang Shaowei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage (EES) plays a critical role in tackling climate change and the energy crisis, unfortunately it faces several challenges. Unlike conventional electrode materials which are gradually approaching their capacity limit, the emerging atomically thin 2D materials can potentially open up various new possibilities for design and fabrication of novel EES devices. The studies in this area to date have laid the groundwork in understanding fundamental physics and chemistry of 2D materials, enabling a toolbox of engineering strategies to be used to improve the EES performance. This report reviews recent progress in engineering 2D materials for EES applications. Both theoretical and experimental investigations in this area are summarized, and pathways toward improved EES performance and their novel applications are highlighted based on appropriate integration of promising strategies such as the surface activation, chemical doping, phase engineering, and hybrid structures.
High Interfacial Hole‐Transfer Efficiency at GaFeO3 Thin Film Photoanodes
Authors: Sun Xin , Tiwari Devendra , Fermin David J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe photoelectrochemical properties of polycrystalline GaFeO3 (GFO) thin films are investigated for the first time. Thin films prepared by sol–gel methods exhibit phase‐pure orthorhombic GFO with the Pc21n space group, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Optical responses are characterized by a 2.72 eV interband transition and sub‐bandgap d–d transitions associated with octahedral and tetrahedral coordination of Fe3+ sites. DFT‐HSE06 electronic structure calculations show GFO is highly ionic with very low dispersion in the valence band maximum (VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals n‐type conductivity with a flat band potential (Ufb) of 0.52 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, indicating that GFO has the most positive CBM reported of any ferrite. The photoelectrochemical oxidation of SO32− shows an ideal semiconductor–electrolyte interfacial behavior with no evidence of surface recombination down to the Ufb. Surprisingly, the onset potential for the oxygen evolution reaction also coincides with the Ufb, showing interfacial hole‐transfer efficiency above 50%. The photoelectrochemical properties are limited by bulk recombination due to the short‐diffusion length of minority carriers as well as slow transport of majority carriers. Strategies towards developing high‐efficiency GFO photoanodes are briefly discussed.
Influence of calcination temperature on SO2 resistance of Mn‐Fe‐Sn/TiO2 catalysts at low‐temperature
Authors: Huang Xianjin , Duan Yufeng , Meng Jialin , Wu Xiang , Zhao Weimeng , Hu Peng , Zhu Chun , Wei Hongqi , Ma Yonggui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Mn‐Fe‐Sn/TiO2(MFST) catalysts for NO and Hg co‐removal with SO2 resistance at low temperature were prepared by the impregnation method under different calcination temperatures (300, 400, 500, and 600°C). The influences of calcination temperatures on SO2 resistance and of SO2 concentration on both denitration and demercuration performances of the Mn‐Fe‐Sn/TiO2 catalysts were investigated in a fixed‐bed reaction system. Surface physicochemical characteristics and SO2 resistance mechanism of MFST catalysts were analyzed by means of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the NO and Hg0 removal efficiency of the MFST catalysts was not affected by reaction temperature between 200–280°C in the absence of SO2. However, the NO and Hg0 removal efficiency was affected mostly in SO2‐containing atmosphere. Appropriate calcination temperature can alleviate SO2 poisoning and improve catalytic activity. When the calcination temperature was below 500°C, MFST catalysts have good resistance to the SO2, and it was found that at calcination temperature of 400°C, the NO and Hg0 removal efficiency had the minimum decay from 95% to 70% and 99% to 93% at 700 ppm SO2, respectively, which was higher than that of other catalysts. That was mainly due to the abundant BET surface area and pore parameters and the high ratio of Mn4+/(Mn4+ + Mn3+), Fe3+/(Fe3+ + Fe2+), and Oα/(Oα + Oβ) on catalyst surface. At lower calcination temperature (≤400°C), the metal active ingredient did not calcined sufficiently that made the NO and Hg0 removal efficiency declined. While at higher calcination temperature (>400°C), the catalyst tended to agglomeration and MnO2 was converted into Mn2O3 gradually. Furthermore, doping Fe and Sn can effectively reduce the consumption of Mn4+, which greatly improved the catalytic activity and the SO2 resistance.
Preparation and anti‐leakage properties of sesbania gum‐grafted copolymers
Authors: Liu Xiaomei , Cheng Sha , Zhao Junji , Qiu Xueyan , Zhang Wenxu , Ma Guofu , Lei Ziqiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA sesbania gum‐g‐poly (acrylic acid‐co‐vinyl acetate) (SG‐g‐P (AA‐co‐VAc)) emulsion was prepared by free radical polymerization using environmental‐friendly sesbania gum (SG) as raw material and grafted with acrylic acid and vinyl acetate. It was applied to study the performance of preventing water leakage from the soil. The effects of acrylic acid/vinyl acetate (AA/VAc) monomer ratio, neutralization degree of AA, content of ammonium persulfate and polymerization temperature on the properties of emulsion were investigated. Characterization of the emulsion by FTIR, SEM, TGA, and particle size distribution showed that AA and VAc were successfully grafted onto SG. SG‐g‐P (AA‐co‐VAc) had good stability under the optimum synthesis condition. Compared to SG, the thermal stability of the product was improved. The consolidation layer was formed after the product was added to the soil, which might reduce the voids between soil particles and reduce the water penetration rate. This greatly expanded its application in the research of anti‐leakage performance.
Improving the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy composites using flame retardants with red mud waste
Authors: Kusakli Sefa , Kocaman Suheyla , Ceyhan Ayhan Abdullah , Ahmetli Gulnare 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, a novel flame retardant ammonium tetrafluoroborate (ATFB) was successfully synthesized using boric acid (H3BO3) and ammonium hydrogen difluoride (NH4HF2) as the reactants. In addition to ATFB, aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) was used as a flame retardant and red mud (RM) waste was used as a filler to prepare epoxy composite materials with enhanced flammability properties. The appropriate ratio of RM:ATFB:Al(OH)3both in terms of combustion and mechanical properties was found to be 15:10:5 wt%. The tensile strength of the composite in this ratio was obtained as 112 MPa, while the neat ER was 46 MPa. The burnout of the composite with the appropriate RM:ATFB:Al(OH)3ratio decreased in the first 10 seconds, and extinguished in 32 seconds. Moreover, the burned area of this composite was the smallest among all the others. The experimental and estimatedLOIvalues for this composite was found as 26 and 29, respectively.
Comparison of two high temperature treatment methods on preparing electrically conductive polysulfide/Ag composites for aerospace sealant applications
Authors: Li Jiaxiong , Song Bo , An Dong , Ren Yanjuan , Hah Jinho , Wang Xueqiao , Zhang Rong , Moon Kyoung‐sik , Wong Ching‐Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh electrical conductivity of aircraft fuel tank sealant is vital to prevent charge accumulation during operation. In this work, we prepare highly conductive polysulfide (PS)/Ag composite (106 S m−1) via two thermal treatment methods‐namely post cure annealing and high temperature (HT) curing, where the room temperature (RT) cured sample was previously found insulative. The HT cure samples resulted in a milder hardness increase compared to the RT cure‐annealed ones. Through various chemical and thermal analyses, a strong coordination of the sulfide components on Ag surfaces is found blocking the electron tunneling pathways at RT, which turns out to be weakened at HT. Post cure annealing causes the decomposition of the coordinated segments and provides intimate contact of Ag particles to support conductivity. HT cure on the other hand prevents the Ag/S coordination in the first place, therefore producing highly conductive PS/Ag composite with softness well maintained which makes it the preferred method for conductive sealant applications.
Mapping the online presence of small local sporting clubs
Authors: Burgess Stephen , Parker Craig M. , Bingley Scott 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe contribution of local (“grassroots”) sporting clubs to their economies amounts to billions of dollars. These clubs typically rely on volunteers who use Internet platforms (such as websites and social media) to support their roles. Use of the Internet can assist these volunteers by facilitating improved information access, communication, and efficiency. Little is known about how local sporting clubs use this important information systems' function. This study extends Burgess' (2016) web presence pyramid model to examine factors leading to differences in Internet use by athletics and cricket clubs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The findings suggest that higher adoption levels of websites set up by clubs and social media and more sophisticated Internet usage are apparent in “upper” level (or well‐resourced) local clubs than in “lower” level clubs, but with some important variations (such as interventions by sport governing bodies) that may assist smaller clubs to adopt online platforms. Guidance on using the extended model in other contexts is offered, as is advice for clubs and sporting associations looking to improve their use of Internet platforms.
Role of C‐Defective Sites in CO Adsorption over ϵ‐Fe2C and η‐Fe2C Fischer‐Tropsch Catalysts
Authors: Cao Junbo , Song Nan , Chen Wenyao , Cao Yueqiang , Qian Gang , Duan Xuezhi , Zhou Xinggui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein, we report the crucial importance of C‐defective sites on the CO adsorption over ϵ‐Fe2C and η‐Fe2C Fischer‐Tropsch catalysts via systematic DFT calculations. The simulated XRD and Wulff construction show the significant differences in their equilibrium shapes and most exposed surfaces. It is observed that the ϵ‐Fe2C exposes a high proportion (89 %) of facets (1
1) with similar structure to that of η‐Fe2C (011) which has been proved to be the active surface of CO activation.
Revealing Topological Influence of Phenylenediamine Unit on Physicochemical Properties of Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor‐Acceptor Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Macrocycles
Authors: Izumi Saika , Nyga Aleksandra , de Silva Piotr , Tohnai Norimitsu , Minakata Satoshi , Data Przemyslaw , Takeda Youhei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)‐displaying macrocyclic compound m‐1 comprising of two electron‐donors (N,N’‐diphenyl‐m‐phenylenediamine) and two electron‐acceptors (dibenzo[a,j]phenazine) has been synthesized. The macrocycle developed herein is regarded as a regioisomer of the previously reported TADF macrocycle p‐1, which has two N,N’‐diphenyl‐p‐phenylenediamines as the donors. To understand the influence of the topology of the phenylenediamine donors on physicochemical properties of TADF‐active macrocycles, herein the molecular structure in the single crystals, photophysical properties, electrochemical behavior, and TADF properties of m‐1 have been investigated compared with those of p‐1. The substitution of p‐phenylene donor with m‐phenylene donor led to distinct positive solvatoluminochromism over the full visible‐color range, unique oxidative electropolymerization, and slightly lower contribution of TADF, due to the lower CT character in the excited states.
Entwicklung neuartiger Holz‐Betonverbunddecken in Fertigteilbauweise
Authors: Woschitz Richard , Deix Karl , Huber Christian , Kampitsch Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDer Einsatz von Holz im Bauwesen als natürlicher und nachhaltiger Baustoff wird immer bedeutender. Neue Entwicklungen gehen dahin, Holz auch im mehrgeschossigen Wohn‐ und Bürobau zu verwenden. Neben den ökologischen Vorteilen steht für den Nutzer auch das günstige Raumklima und das unmittelbare Erleben von Holzoberflächen an Wand und Decke im Vordergrund. Im Geschossbau hat sich insbesondere die Holz‐Betonverbundbauweise, die die statischen Vorteile beider Baustoffe optimal nutzt, als zukunftsweisend erwiesen. Die hier beschriebene Holz‐Betonverbunddecke besteht aus CLT‐Platten und Betonfertigteilelementen. Sie stellt eine Neu‐ und Weiterentwicklung herkömmlicher Verbunddecken mit Aufbeton dar. Das Holzelement nimmt dabei überwiegend die Zug‐ bzw. Biegezugkräfte und die Betonplatte hauptsächlich die Druck‐ bzw. Biegedruckkräfte auf. Die notwendige Schubverbindung erfolgt dabei über sog. Knaggen (Schubkerven), die im Holz eingefräst und im Beton in komplementärer Form geschalt sind. Die Verbindung ist des Weiteren mit einer Klebeverbindung gesichert. Neben der schrittweisen Entwicklung der Konstruktion, insbesondere der Knagge, und der passenden Herstellungsmethode wurden zur Bestimmung des Tragverhaltens experimentelle Untersuchungen in Form von Schubversuchen an Kleinkörpern und mehreren Großbiegeversuchen an Deckenelementen im Maßstab 1 : 1 durchgeführt. Im Vordergrund stand dabei die Untersuchung der Funktionsweise der Knaggen und der Eignung der Verbunddecke selbst. Um ein geeignetes Berechnungsverfahren zu finden, wurden das Gamma‐Verfahren und das diskrete Verfahren angewendet und mit den Ergebnissen der Biegeversuche verglichen.
Unfavorable postnatal outcome with significant dilation of the fetal main pulmonary artery near term
Authors: Murlewska Julia , Sylwestrzak Oskar , Respondek‐Liberska Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionFetal echocardiography in third trimester is relatively rare reported and there is no data, what is the clinical meaning of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) dilatation in third trimester or before the delivery in fetuses with congenital heart defect. We analyzed the neonatal follow‐up in cases of significantly dilated MPA diameter to better understand its clinical significance.Material and MethodsRetrospectively 238 healthy singleton fetuses were selected as a reference group. Consecutive percentiles for MPA diameter according to the gestational age were calculated. In second step, we selected cases whose MPA diameter measured at the level of three vessel trachea view (3VT view) was pointedly above 95th centile in third trimester of pregnancy, according to the obtained data of our healthy population.ResultsThere were 11 fetuses, with dilated MPA diameter (range 12–13.5 mm), who had last echocardiography performed at 37.6 weeks of gestation. There were 11 isolated heart defects: 7 cases with HLHS, 2 with d‐TGA, and 2 cases with CoA. Mean neonatal weight was 3,345 g, with Apgar score 8–10. About 10 newborns out of 11 had cardiac surgery at the mean 12th day of the postnatal life and 8 of them died on the mean 23rd day. Autopsy was performed in 5 cases. In all of them histopathology reports described pulmonary hypertension in addition to cardiac structural abnormalities.ConclusionSevere dilation of the fetal MPA before the delivery suggested prenatal abnormal lung development and was a poor prognostic factor. In these cases postnatal pulmonary hypertension should be suspected.
Cerebral autoregulation is heterogeneous in different stroke mechanism of ischemic stroke caused by intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis
Authors: Tian Ge , Ji Zhong , Lin Zhenzhou , Pan Suyue , Yin Jia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeIntracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is the most common cause of ischemic stroke (IS) and is associated with stroke recurrence. It results in IS due to a variety of mechanisms. However, the influence of brain reserve mechanism on different stroke mechanism is still unclear. Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is an important brain reserve mechanism and is impaired after IS. This study aimed to explore the impaired pattern of CA and assess the association between CA and stroke risk factors in different stroke mechanism caused by ICAS.MethodsIS patients with ICAS (50%–99% stenosis/occlusion) in middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery were enrolled to receive CA examinations within 7 days after onset. Healthy volunteers were also recruited as controls. CA was recorded from spontaneous fluctuations of blood pressure and MCA flow velocity. Transfer function analysis was used to derive CA parameters, including phase difference (PD) and coherence in the low‐frequency range (0.06–0.12 Hz).ResultsA total of 89 IS patients and 90 healthy controls were included. Compared with controls, CA was impaired ipsilaterally in patients with parent artery atherosclerosis occluding penetrating artery (POPA) while CA was bilaterally impaired in other stroke mechanisms. And CA on ipsilateral hemisphere was correlated with hypertension/hyperlipidemia in patients with POPA (r = −0.481, p = .008; r = −0.484, p = .008). While CA on ipsilateral hemisphere was correlated with perfusion parameter including the arterial spin‐labeling (ASL) parameter cerebral blood flow (CBF) (r = 0.893, p = .007) and collateral circulation status the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) (r = 0.610, p = .021) in patients with hypoperfusion mechanism.ConclusionIn IS patients, CA was impaired heterogeneously and was correlated with different risk factors in varied stroke mechanism. CA can be as an informative determinant of stroke risk in patients with ICAS and to help improving individualized treatment strategies in the presence of ischemic stroke caused by ICAS.
Competitive sustainability and stakeholder engagement: Exploring awareness, motivation, and capability
Authors: Schniederjans Dara G. , Khalajhedayati Mehrnaz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn adding to competitive dynamics and sustainability literature, this study examines the role of a supplier and consumer on a focal firm's sustainability competitiveness through the awareness, motivation, and capability (AMC) perspective and stakeholder engagement research. Regression analyses are performed utilizing secondary sustainability and financial data to test proposed environmental and social competitiveness hypotheses. A constraint factor model is also tested. This study finds that a focal firm's motivation is positively associated with its own sustainability competitiveness. The study also finds that awareness and capability are negatively associated with environmental and social competitiveness. Finally, whereas suppliers' AMC have no significant impact, customer awareness and capability do. The findings reflect both conformity and divergence from the AMC model when applying it to a supply chain context as well as enhance the managerial understanding of how a supply and customer base can impact their own sustainability competitiveness.