bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the elevated-temperature mechanical properties of TiB2/Al-4.5%Cu composites
Authors: Xue Yanqing , Su Ru , Wei Dian , Li Bo , Wang Xinliang , Zhang Han , Hao Qitang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mechanical performance of TiB2/Al-4.5%Cu composites at elevated-temperature were evaluated by means of tensile behaviors and fracture mechanisms. Results indicated that the composite reinforced by nano-sized TiB2 particles exhibited excellent mechanical ability during deformation at elevated temperatures, the optimum addition level for dispersion, refinement and modification was 5wt.% TiB2/Al-4.5%Cu at 473K, i.e., yield strength is 358MPa and elongation is 4 %. The enhanced resistance of the composite was mainly attributed to Orowan strengthening and load transfer enhancement, additionally, interface debonding increasingly affects the damage and fracture of the composites.
Adopting composite geometric models for the heat conduction simulation of SiCp/Al matrix composites in the electrical discharge machining
Authors: Chen Jipeng , He Guojian , Gu Lin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the heat conduction simulations of electrical discharge machining, SiCp/Al composites are generally considered as homogeneous materials for simplification. This paper proposes that the composite geometric models containing SiC reinforcements could be built to improve the homogeneous material model. Three SiC particle equivalent shapes, circle, diamond, and triangle are selected and compared by conducting heat transfer simulations. The results demonstrated that the composite geometric model utilizing a circle SiC particle equivalent shape is better. This paper provides ideas and references for the modeling of composite materials in the heat transfer simulations of electrical discharge machining.
Comparative study of the energy efficiency of diesel and hybrid powered light aircraft
Authors: Serbezov V S , Nikolova M I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent times many research efforts are aimed at the development of aircraft hybrid propulsion technology as a means to minimize the aircraft environmental impact. The objective is to provide an additional assessment of the energy efficiency of the hybrid powered light aircraft in comparison with current state of the art Diesel powered aircraft. Typical 4-seat propeller airplane is chosen as a prototype and its flight performance model is created using open source data. The comparison is performed for a realistic flight profile including the power demands for go-around and flight to alternate destination airport. Parallel hybrid architecture is considered. A parametric study with variation of the mass, efficiency and energy capacity parameters of the hybrid power train is performed in order to determine the parameter regions where the hybrid power train has advantage over the Diesel one. The present study is based on the previous experience of the authors in assessing the energy efficiency of alternative power sources for the aviation.
Optimal sector modelling of airspace based on optimization algorithms
Authors: Todorov T D , Simeonov S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Reasonable assessment and effective management of air space resources is the base for ensuring the safety and efficiency of air traffic management systems. Our research is focussed on optimal airspace organization that is an index to measure the ability of the airspace system to deliver services to meet air traffic demand. Optimal airspace organization is a key factor in reducing the workload for air traffic controllers. The purpose of the study is to present a method for optimal sector modeling with direct routes applicable to free route airspace with the help of mathematical modelling of airspace. A computational model is implemented in a numerical computing environment. As a result, the following was achieved: defining the horizontal boundaries of sectors, subjected to the following constraints; minimum time spent in a sector and balancing workload distribution of air traffic controllers in the sectors. After final optimization a minimum value of the optimality criterion is obtained which is 8.5 times lower than the initial value.
Development of a method for studying the impact of the time reserve value on the reliability of the train schedule based on the epidemiological SIR model
Authors: Panchenko S , Prokhorchenko A , Dekarchuk O , Gurin D , Mkrtychian D , Matsiuk V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is important to find rational values of time reserves to compensate for delays during train movement to ensure train schedule reliability. This study proposes to investigate the impact of different categories of trains and their time reserve on schedule reliability. The main purpose of the study is to develop a method for studying the extent of the impact of time reserve on train schedule reliability based on the epidemiological model. Mathematical train delay propagation at the section model has been developed on the basis of the Susceptible – Infected – Removed (SIR) epidemiological model of adaptation type (taking into account the effect of using different train categories. It is suggested to use a binary genetic algorithm to search for parameters of delay propagation rate in the SIR model. According to a specially developed data acquisition algorithm, empirical data on the propagation of train delays at the station were obtained. Experimental studies have been carried out to search for train delay propagation velocity coefficients in the SIR model. The train movement restoration results during a delay at the station are given to study the impact of the time reserve value on train schedule reliability, taking into account the speed recovery delay set in the SIR model. The simulation results confirm the developed mathematical model adequacy.
A study on characteristics of vacuum solenoid valves
Authors: Stoyanov Stoyan , Mihaylov Veselin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Vacuum solenoid valves have been widely used in internal combustion engine engines. They are used to regulate various processes in the car’s systems by controlling actuators – for example, variable geometry of the turbocharger, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valves, various bypass or throttle valves. The vacuum solenoid valves are controlled by the electronic control unit (ECU) by means of a constant frequency and pulse width modulation of the controlling signal. In operation, these valves change their characteristics over time, which leads to a change in the control of the actuators, and hence to the overall operation of the engine and systems related to the environmental performance of the vehicle. Often there is no feedback on the actual value compared to the demand and their correct diagnosis is difficult. In this work an experimental study was performed, which shows dependence of pressure characteristics from possible deviations of some parameters (vacuum system, power supply) in operation of the vehicle.
Modification of a gas exchange system to measure active and passive chlorophyll fluorescence simultaneously under field conditions
Authors: Meeker Eliot W , Magney Troy S , Bambach Nicolas , Momayyezi Mina , McElrone Andrew J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolar-induced fluorescence (SIF) is a promising tool to estimate photosynthesis across scales; however, there has been limited research done at the leaf level to investigate the relationship between SIF and photosynthesis. To help bridge this gap, a LI-COR LI-6800 gas exchange instrument was modified with a visible-near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectrometer to measure active and passive fluorescence simultaneously. The system was adapted by drilling a hole into the bottom plate of the leaf chamber and inserting a fibre-optic to measure passive steady-state fluorescence (Ft,λ, analogous to SIF) from the abaxial surface of a leaf. This new modification can concurrently measure gas exchange, passive fluorescence and active fluorescence over the same leaf area and will allow researchers to measure leaf-level Ft,λ in the field to validate tower-based and satellite measurements. To test the modified instrument, measurements were performed on leaves of well-watered and water-stressed walnut plants at three light levels and a constant air temperature. Measurements on these same plants were also conducted using a similarly modified Walz GFS-3000 gas exchange instrument to compare results. We found a positive linear correlation between Ft,λ measurements from the modified LI-6800 and GFS-3000 instruments. We also report a positive linear relationship between Ft,λ and normalized steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence (Ft/Fo) from the pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometer of the LI-6800 system. Accordingly, this modification will inform the link between spectrally resolved Ft,λ and gas exchange—leading to improved interpretation of how remotely sensed SIF tracks changes in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Methyl Salicylate Fails to Enhance Arthropod Predator Abundance or Predator to Pest Ratios in Cotton
Authors: Naranjo Steven E , Hagler James R , Byers John A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConservation biological control is a fundamental tactic in integrated pest management (IPM). Greater biological control services can be achieved by enhancing agroecosystems to be more favorable to the presence, survival, and growth of natural enemy populations. One approach that has been tested in numerous agricultural systems is the deployment of synthetic chemicals that mimic those produced by the plant when under attack by pests. These signals may attract arthropod natural enemies to crop habitats and thus potentially improve biological control activity locally. A 2-yr field study was conducted in the cotton agroecosystem to evaluate the potential of synthetic methyl salicylate (MeSA) to attract native arthropod natural enemies and to enhance biological control services on two key pests. Slow-release packets of MeSA were deployed in replicated cotton plots season long. The abundance of multiple taxa of natural enemies and two major pests were monitored weekly by several sampling methods. The deployment of MeSA failed to increase natural enemy abundance and pest densities did not decline. Predator to prey ratios, used as a proxy to estimate biological control function, also largely failed to increase with MeSA deployment. One exception was a season-long increase in the ratio of Orius tristicolor (White) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) to Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (= Bemisia tabaci MEAM1) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) adults within the context of biological control informed action thresholds. Overall results suggest that MeSA would not likely enhance conservation biological control by the natural enemy community typical of U.S. western cotton production systems.
On the nature of delays allowing anatomical re-entry involving the Purkinje network: a simulation study
Authors: Vigmond Edward J , Bouyssier Julien , Bayer Jason , Haïssaguerre Michel , Ashikaga Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
Clinical observations suggest that the Purkinje network can be part of anatomical re-entry circuits in monomorphic or polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias. However, significant conduction delay is needed to support anatomical re-entry given the high conduction velocity within the Purkinje network.

Methods and results
We investigated, in computer models, whether damage rendering the Purkinje network as either an active lesion with slow conduction or a passive lesion with no excitable ionic channel, could explain clinical observations. Active lesions had compromised sodium current and a severe reduction in gap junction coupling, while passive lesions remained coupled by gap junctions, but modelled the membrane as a fixed resistance. Both types of tissue could provide significant delays of over 100 ms. Electrograms consistent with those obtained clinically were reproduced. However, passive tissue could not support re-entry as electrotonic coupling across the delay effectively increased the proximal refractory period to an extremely long interval. Active tissue, conversely, could robustly maintain re-entry.

Conclusion
Formation of anatomical re-entry using the Purkinje network is possible through highly reduced gap junctional coupling leading to slowed conduction.
ATRP1-marker-based system for gene complementation, overexpression, reporter gene expression and gene modification inCandida glabrata
Authors: Sprenger Marcel , Brunke Sascha , Hube Bernhard , Kasper Lydia 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAlthough less prevalent than its relative Candida albicans, the yeast Candida glabrata is a successful pathogen of humans, which causes life-threatening candidiasis. It is thus vital to understand the pathogenicity mechanisms and contributing genes in C. glabrata. However, gene complementation as a tool for restoring the function of a previously deleted gene is not standardized in C. glabrata, and it is less frequently used than in C. albicans.In this study, we established a gene complementation strategy using genomic integration at the TRP1 locus. We prove that our approach can not only be used for integration of complementation cassettes, but also for overexpression of markers like fluorescent proteins and the antigen ovalbumin, or of potential pathogenicity-related factors like the biotin transporter gene VHT1. With urea amidolyase Dur1,2 as an example, we demonstrate the application of the gene complementation approach for the expression of sequence-modified genes. With this approach, we found that a lysine-to-arginine mutation in the biotinylation motif of Dur1,2 impairs urea-dependent growth of C. glabrata and C. albicans. Taken together, the TRP1-based gene complementation approach is a valuable tool for investigating novel gene functions and for elucidating their role in the pathobiology of C. glabrata.
‘Five pounds for a swadler’s head’: the Cork anti-Methodist riots of 1749–50*
Authors: Lewis Simon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article constitutes the first large-scale examination of the Cork anti-Methodist riots of 1749–50. Methodist hagiographers have described the rioters as disengaged foot soldiers for Cork’s corporation and Anglican clergy. By exploring these disturbances in their religious, political and social context, this paper suggests that the predominantly Catholic rioters were fuelled by their own politico-theological grievances, thereby illuminating the persistence of religious violence in eighteenth-century Ireland. Furthermore, by exploring tensions between Cork Methodists and Baptists, it highlights both the ways in which Methodists sometimes fuelled opposition and the fact that they were not always the sole victims of anti-Methodist violence.
The Impact of Psychiatric Comorbidity on Health Care Utilization in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-based Study
Authors: Bernstein Charles N , Hitchon Carol A , Walld Randy , Bolton James M , Lix Lisa M , El-Gabalawy Renée , Sareen Jitender , Singer Alexander , Katz Alan , Marriott James , Fisk John D , Patten Scott B , Marrie Ruth Ann 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increase in psychiatric comorbidity (PC) compared with the general population. We aimed to determine the impact of PC on health care utilization in persons with IBD.

Methods
We applied a validated administrative definition of IBD to identify all Manitobans with IBD from April 1, 2006, to March 31, 2016, and a matched cohort without IBD. A validated definition for PC in IBD population was applied to both cohorts; active PC status meant ≥2 visits for psychiatric diagnoses within a given year. We examined the association of active PC with physician visits, inpatient hospital days, proportion with inpatient hospitalization, and use of prescription IBD medications in the following year. We tested for the presence of a 2-way interaction between cohort and PC status.

Results
Our study matched 8459 persons with IBD to 40,375 controls. On crude analysis, IBD subjects had ≥3.7 additional physician visits, had &gt;1.5 extra hospital days, and used 2.1 more drug types annually than controls. Subjects with active PC had &gt;10 more physician visits, had 3.1 more hospital days, and used &gt;6.3 more drugs. There was a synergistic effect of IBD (vs no IBD) and PC (vs no PC) across psychiatric disorders of around 4%. This synergistic effect was greatest for anxiety (6% [2%, 9%]). After excluding psychiatry-related visits and psychiatry-related hospital stays, there remained an excess health care utilization in persons with IBD and PC.

Conclusion
Inflammatory bowel disease with PC increases health care utilization compared with matched controls and compared with persons with IBD without PC. Active PC further increases health care utilization.
Depletion of Intestinal Stem Cell Niche Factors Contributes to the Alteration of Epithelial Differentiation in SAMP1/YitFcsJ Mice With Crohn Disease-Like Ileitis
Authors: Lee Chansu , Hong Sung Noh , Kim Eun Ran , Chang Dong Kyung , Kim Young-Ho 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
SAMP1/YitFcsJ (SAMP1) mice spontaneously develop terminal ileitis resembling human Crohn disease. SAMP1 mice have exhibited alteration of epithelial cell lineage distribution and an overall proliferation of the crypt cell population; however, it has not been evaluated whether epithelial differentiation is impaired because of dysfunction of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) or their niche factors.

Methods
Using the intestine of SAMP1 mice aged 10 to 14 weeks, morphometric alterations in the crypt-villus architecture, ISCs, crypt cells, and differentiated cells; organoid formation capacity of intestinal crypts; and niche signaling pathways were analyzed and compared with those of age-matched control AKR/J (AKR) mice.

Results
The ileum of SAMP1 mice showed increased depth of intestinal crypts and decreased surface area of the villi compared with those in the ileum of AKR mice. The number of ISCs in the ileal crypts did not differ between SAMP1 and AKR mice; however, the number of Paneth cells decreased and the number of transient amplifying cells increased. The organoid formation rate of the ileal crypts of SAMP1 mice decreased significantly compared with that of AKR mice. The performance of RNA sequencing for intestinal crypts found that the expression of ISC niche factors, such as Wnt3, Dll1, and Dll4, was decreased significantly in the ileal crypts of SAMP1 mice compared with those of AKR mice. Among the ISC niche signals, the Notch signaling-related genes tended to be downregulated. In particular, immunocytochemistry revealed that the expression of Paneth cell–expressing Notch ligand Dll4 was significantly decreased in the intestinal tissue and organoids of SAMP1 mice compared with those of AKR mice.

Conclusions
Depletion of niche factors for ISCs contributes to the alteration of epithelial differentiation in SAMP1 mice.
A new way to use transit-time flow measurement for coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Stastny Lukas , Kofler Markus , Zujs Vitalijs , Ruttmann Elfriede , Dumfarth Julia , Kilo Juliane , Brix Alexandra , Gasser Simone , Sakic Adel , Schachner Thomas , Grimm Michael , Bonaros Nikolaos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Transit-time flow measurement is a recognized method for graft evaluation in coronary surgery. However, single flow measurement has been associated with a low specificity for detecting graft dysfunction. The goal of this study was to assess the value of transit-time flow measurement for assessing in situ internal mammary artery grafts during non-existent native coronary circulation and the relevance of collateral blood flow in target vessels.

METHODS
Between 2014 and 2018, a total of 134 patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting were evaluated using transit-time flow measurement. We analysed 111 single left internal mammary artery and 57 single right internal mammary artery bypasses. Correlations between coronary relevant parameters were calculated using Spearman’s ρ coefficient. Risk factors for decreased flow with an arrested heart (FAH) &lt;30 ml/min and an increased pulsatility index (PI) &gt;3.0 as well as flow reduction &gt;30% were calculated.

RESULTS
FAH correlated with the diameter of the target vessel (Spearman’s ρ = 0.32; P &lt; 0.001), the amount of blood distribution (Spearman’s ρ = 0.34; P &lt; 0.001), the PI (Spearman’s ρ = 0.19; P = 0.019) and the degree of stenosis (Spearman’s ρ = −0.17; P = 0.042). The percentage of flow change was found to correlate with the PI (Spearman’s ρ = −0.47; P &lt; 0.0001), the degree of stenosis (Spearman’s ρ = 0.42; P &lt; 0.001), the diameter of the target vessel (Spearman’s ρ = −0.22; P = 0.008) and the area of blood distribution (Spearman’s ρ = −0.19; P = 0.018). A small blood distribution area was the only risk factor for decreased FAH [odds ratio (OR) 8.43, confidence interval (CI) 95% (3.04–23.41); P &lt; 0.001]. Binary logistic regression identified PI [OR 2.05, CI 95% (1.36–3.10); P = 0.001], FAH [OR 0.98, CI 95% (0.97–0.99); P = 0.005] and degree of stenosis [OR 0.95, CI 95% (0.92–0.99); P = 0.011] as risk factors for decreased flow after cardiopulmonary bypass (&lt;30 ml/min). An increased PI (&gt;3) was mainly influenced by percentage of flow change [OR 0.99, CI 95% (0.98–1.00); P = 0.031].

CONCLUSIONS
FAH and percentage of flow change are related to the dimensions of the target vessel and the degree of stenosis. The addition of flow measurements with the heart arrested provides additional information about the bypass graft, the quality of the anastomosis and the physiology of the coronary circulation.
The Importance of Complementary Collaboration of Researchers, Veterinarians, and Husbandry Staff in the Successful Training of Marmoset Behavioral Assays
Authors: Murai Takeshi , Sukoff Rizzo Stacey J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInterest in marmosets as research models has seen exponential growth over the last decade, especially given that the research community is eager to improve on gaps with historical animal models for behavioral and cognitive disorders. The spectrum of human disease traits that present naturally in marmosets, as well as the range of analogous human behaviors that can be assessed in marmosets, makes them ideally suited as translational models for behavioral and cognitive disorders. Regardless of the specific research aims of any project, without close collaboration between researchers, veterinarians, and animal care staff, it would be impossible to meet these goals. Behavior is inherently variable, as are marmosets that are genetically and phenotypically diverse. Thus, to ensure rigor, reliability, and reproducibility in results, it is important that in the research environment, the animal’s daily husbandry and veterinary needs are being met and align with the research goals while keeping the welfare of the animal the most critical and highest priority. Much of the information described herein provides details on key components for successful behavioral testing, based on a compendium of methods from peer-reviewed publications and our own experiences. Specific areas highlighted include habituation procedures, selection of appropriate rewards, optimization of testing environments, and ways to integrate regular veterinary and husbandry procedures into the research program with minimal disruptions to the behavioral testing plan. This article aims to provide a broad foundation for researchers new to establishing behavioral and cognitive testing paradigms in marmosets and especially for the veterinary and husbandry colleagues who are indispensable collaborators of these research projects.