bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed convection flows of tangent hyperbolic fluid past an isothermal wedge with entropy: A mathematical study
Authors: Ramesh Reddy P. , Abdul Gaffar S. , Khan B. Md. Hidayathulla , Venkatadri K. , Anwar Beg O. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe nonlinear, steady, and mixed convective boundary layer flow and heat transfer of an incompressible tangent hyperbolic non‐Newtonian fluid over an isothermal wedge in the presence of magnetic field are analyzed numerically using the implicit Keller‐Box finite‐difference technique. The entropy analysis due to MHD flow of a tangent hyperbolic fluid past an isothermal wedge and viscous dissipation is also included. The numerical code is validated with previous Newtonian studies available in the literature. Graphical and tabulated results are analyzed to study the behavior of the fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, shear stress, heat transfer rate, entropy generation number, and Bejan number for various emerging thermophysical parameters, namely Weissenberg number (We), power‐law index (n), mixed convection parameter (λ), pressure gradient parameter (m), Prandtl number (Pr), Biot number (γ), Hartmann number (Ha), Brinkmann number (Br), Reynolds number (Re), and temperature gradient (Π). It is observed that velocity, entropy, Bejan number, and surface heat transfer rate are reduced with the increase in the Weissenberg number, but temperature and local skin friction are increased. An increase in pressure gradient enhances velocity, entropy, local skin friction, and surface heat transfer rate, but reduces temperature and Bejan number. An increase in an isothermal power‐law index (n) is observed to increase velocity, Bejan number, and surface heat transfer rate, but it decreases temperature, entropy, and local skin friction. An increase in the magnetic parameter (Ha) is found to decrease temperature, entropy, surface heat transfer rate, and local skin friction, and it increases velocity and Bejan number. The research is applicable for coating materials in chemical engineering, for instance, robust paints, production of aerosol deposition, and water‐soluble solution thermal treatment.
Hyperperfusion on Arterial Spin Labeling MRI Predicts the 90‐Day Functional Outcome After Mechanical Thrombectomy in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lu Shan‐shan , Cao Yue‐zhou , Su Chun‐qiu , Xu Xiao‐quan , Zhao Lin‐bo , Jia Zheng‐yu , Liu Qiang‐hui , Hsu Yi‐cheng , Liu Sheng , Shi Hai‐bin , Wu Fei‐yun 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe prognostic significance of hyperperfusion after reperfusion therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains controversial.PurposeTo investigate the clinical factors associated with hyperperfusion, and the 90‐day prognostic value of hyperperfusion after mechanical thrombectomy in AIS patients.Study TypeRetrospective.Population/SubjectsFifty‐four AIS patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy.Field Strength/SequenceTime‐of‐flight MR angiography, pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and susceptibility‐weighted imaging were performed at 3.0T within 1 week after thrombectomy.AssessmentClinical factors including demographics, risk factors, stroke and treatment characteristics were collected and assessed. Hyperperfusion on ASL was defined as a focal increased cerebral blood flow on the affected side ≥130% of its mirror counterpart. Good clinical outcome at 90 days was defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2.Statistical TestsThe interrater agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa or the intraclass correlation coefficient. The relationship between hyperperfusion and clinical factors were analyzed by appropriate univariate statistics. Predictors of 90‐day functional outcome were assessed by univariate analyses followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver‐operating‐characteristic curves.ResultsThirty‐six (66.7%) patients developed hyperperfusion on ASL after thrombectomy. Hyperperfusion was significantly correlated with successful recanalization (P < 0.05) and improvement of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at 24 hours (NIHSS24h) (P < 0.05). A higher incidence of hemorrhage transformation was observed in patients with hyperperfusion than those without (63.9% vs. 50.0%), but no significant difference was found (P = 0.327). NIHSS24h (odds ratio [OR], 0.75, [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62–0.91], P < 0.05), lesion volume on diffusion‐weighted imaging (OR, 0.97, [95% CI 0.95–1.00], P < 0.05), and hyperperfusion on ASL (OR, 9.8, [95% CI 1.7–55.3], P < 0.05) were independent variables for predicting good functional outcomes.Data ConclusionHyperperfusion on ASL correlated with successful recanalization and may be an independent prognostic marker for good neurological outcomes at 90 days in AIS patients after mechanical thrombectomy.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage2
Cellular mechanisms underlying neurological/neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID‐19
Authors: Bodnar Brittany , Patel Kena , Ho Wenzhe , Luo Jin Jun , Hu Wenhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPatients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection manifest mainly respiratory symptoms. However, clinical observations frequently identified neurological symptoms and neuropsychiatric disorders related to COVID‐19 (Neuro‐SARS2). Accumulated robust evidence indicates that Neuro‐SARS2 may play an important role in aggravating the disease severity and mortality. Understanding the neuropathogenesis and cellular mechanisms underlying Neuro‐SARS2 is crucial for both basic research and clinical practice to establish effective strategies for early detection/diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. In this review, we comprehensively examine current evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in various neural cells including neurons, microglia/macrophages, astrocytes, pericytes/endothelial cells, ependymocytes/choroid epithelial cells, and neural stem/progenitor cells. Although significant progress has been made in studying Neuro‐SARS2, much remains to be learned about the neuroinvasive routes (transneuronal and hematogenous) of the virus and the cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying the development/progression of this disease. Future and ongoing studies require the establishment of more clinically relevant and suitable neural cell models using human induced pluripotent stem cells, brain organoids, and postmortem specimens.
Week 96 resistance analyses of the once‐daily, single‐tablet regimen (STR) darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) in adults living with HIV‐1 from the phase 3 randomized AMBER and EMERALD trials
Authors: Lathouwers Erkki , Weinsteiger Shirley , Baugh Bryan , Ghys Anne , Jezorwski John , Mohsine El Ghazi , Van Landuyt Erika , De Meyer Sandra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn AMBER and EMERALD, darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg demonstrated high virological response and low virological failure (VF) through week 96. Week 96 resistance analyses are presented. Post‐baseline samples for genotyping/phenotyping were analyzed from protocol‐defined‐VFs with viral load (VL) ≥ 400 copies/ml at failure/later time points. Post‐hoc analyses were deep sequencing (AMBER) and HIV‐1 proviral DNA sequencing from baseline samples (VL < 50 copies/ml) (EMERALD). Through week 96 across studies, no darunavir, primary protease inhibitor (PI), or tenofovir resistance‐associated‐mutations (RAMs) occurred in patients continuing (N = 1125) or switching to D/C/F/TAF (N = 715). M184I/V (emtricitabine RAM) was detected in one patient in each arm of AMBER. In EMERALD D/C/F/TAF patients with prior VF and baseline genoarchive data (N = 98), 4% had darunavir RAMs, 36% emtricitabine RAMs, mainly at position 184 (32%), 4% tenofovir RAMs, and 19% ≥3 thymidine‐analogue‐associated‐mutations at screening. The predicted phenotype showed 0% had reduced susceptibility to darunavir, 37% to emtricitabine, and 22% to tenofovir. All achieved VL < 50 copies/ml at week 96/prior discontinuation, with no VF. D/C/F/TAF has a high barrier to resistance; no darunavir, primary PI, or tenofovir RAMs occurred through 96 weeks in AMBER and EMERALD. In EMERALD, baseline archived darunavir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir RAMs in patients with prior VF did not preclude virologic response.
Qualitative study and a novel solution to nozzle clogging problem in roll gap lubrication used in hot rolling
Authors: Chakraborty Subho , Dutta Monojit , Bhagat Amarnath , Sinha Subrata 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNozzle clogging in roll gap lubrication (RGL) is a pain area for hot strip steel rolling. Nozzle clogging severely affects lubrication affecting rolled surface quality causing prominent hot rolling defects like banding and peel‐off phenomenon in work roll. Uneven coefficient of friction leads to variable or poor lubrication, which raises the chances of cobble and tail chewing in coils, lowers roll force reductions ultimately increasing the power consumption of the mill. The present work focuses on a holistic approach where causes leading to nozzle clogging have been identified and eliminated in a stepwise manner. Gas chromatography has been employed for the first time to get an understanding about the specific carbon chains contributing towards pulp generation. Optimising the distance between mixer and spray header and using indigenously modified spray header improves the lubrication during hot rolling. roll force reduction upto 15%–16% could be achieved.
A Facile Strategy for Synergistic Integration of Dynamic Covalent Bonds and Hydrogen Bonds to Surmount the Tradeoff between Mechanical Property and Self‐Healing Capacity of Hydrogels
Authors: Ma Minglei , Yang Jumin , Ye Zhanpeng , Dong Anjie , Zhang Jinwei , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe self‐healable hydrogels have attracted increasing attention due to their promising potential for ensuring the durability and reliability of hydrogels. However, they still face a serious challenge to achieve a positive balance between mechanical and healing performance, especially for the room‐temperature autonomous self‐healable hydrogels. Herein, a simple but efficient strategy to fabricate a kind of dynamic boronate and hydrogen bonds dual‐crosslinked double network (DN) hydrogel based on a UV‐initiated one‐pot in situ polymerization of N‐acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) in polyvinyl alcohol‐borax slime is reported. The obtained PN‐x/PB hydrogels, especially with high content of PNAGA, are shown to possess high mechanical strength, high toughness, and fatigue‐resistance properties as well as excellent self‐healability at room temperature (nearly 88% self‐healing efficiency based on the strain compression test), due to the dynamic DN structure, and the combination of the adaptable and reconfigurable dynamic boronate bonds and hydrogen bonds. Considering the easily available materials and simple preparation process, this novel strategy should offer not only a kind of dynamic DN hydrogel with robust mechanical performance and high self‐healing capability, but also enrich the methodological toolbox for synergistic integration of dynamic covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds to surmount the tradeoff between mechanical properties and self‐healing capacity of hydrogels.
Deep convolutional neural networks for multiplanar lung nodule detection: Improvement in small nodule identification
Authors: Zheng Sunyi , Cornelissen Ludo J. , Cui Xiaonan , Jing Xueping , Veldhuis Raymond N. J. , Oudkerk Matthijs , van Ooijen Peter M. A. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeEarly detection of lung cancer is of importance since it can increase patients’ chances of survival. To detect nodules accurately during screening, radiologists would commonly take the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes into account, rather than solely the axial plane in clinical evaluation. Inspired by clinical work, the paper aims to develop an accurate deep learning framework for nodule detection by a combination of multiple planes.MethodsThe nodule detection system is designed in two stages, multiplanar nodule candidate detection, multiscale false positive (FP) reduction. At the first stage, a deeply supervised encoder–decoder network is trained by axial, coronal, and sagittal slices for the candidate detection task. All possible nodule candidates from the three different planes are merged. To further refine results, a three‐dimensional multiscale dense convolutional neural network that extracts multiscale contextual information is applied to remove non‐nodules. In the public LIDC‐IDRI dataset, 888 computed tomography scans with 1186 nodules accepted by at least three of four radiologists are selected to train and evaluate our proposed system via a tenfold cross‐validation scheme. The free‐response receiver operating characteristic curve is used for performance assessment.ResultsThe proposed system achieves a sensitivity of 94.2% with 1.0 FP/scan and a sensitivity of 96.0% with 2.0 FPs/scan. Although it is difficult to detect small nodules (i.e., <6 mm), our designed CAD system reaches a sensitivity of 93.4% (95.0%) of these small nodules at an overall FP rate of 1.0 (2.0) FPs/scan. At the nodule candidate detection stage, results show that the system with a multiplanar method is capable to detect more nodules compared to using a single plane.ConclusionOur approach achieves good performance not only for small nodules but also for large lesions on this dataset. This demonstrates the effectiveness of our developed CAD system for lung nodule detection.
Technical Note: FLASH radiotherapy monitor chamber signal conditioning
Authors: Snyder Michael , Vadas Jessica , Musselwhite John , Halford Robert , Wilson George , Stevens Craig , Yan Di 
Published: December 2020

PurposeRecent studies of ultra‐high dose rate FLASH radiotherapy show a substantial reduction of damage to normal tissue cells when compared with conventional radiotherapy. Most, if not all, of these FLASH studies have taken place using either custom research equipment or heavily modified linacs with external dosimetric control. To simplify our preclinical research efforts, we wish to deliver FLASH with a minimally modified linac using the internal dosimetric system.MethodsTo enable the built‐in monitor chambers to terminate a FLASH beam, we reversibly modified an Elekta linear accelerator previously fit with a high dose rate electron (HDRE) system to include additional resistance in the signal path from the monitor chambers to the dose control system. To produce the FLASH beam, we altered the energy calibration tables of a decommissioned HDRE beam to functionally produce a photon mode beam current exiting through the electron window of the linac. We then used the machine modifications to assist in beam tuning and to calibrate the monitor chambers for FLASH delivery. We employed a radiochromic film for external dosimetry and preliminary tests of monitor chamber dosimetric stability.ResultsWe identified attenuation values and distributions that reduced the overall signal from the monitor chambers to the dose control system such that the system could terminate the beam without input from external monitoring circuits. Calibration of the control system resulted in 12 MU per second, constituting roughly 180 Gy at the mylar window. Preliminary tests indicate a linear MU to dose relationship at FLASH dose rates, but we encountered challenges in both dose resolution and repeatability of beam termination.ConclusionsThe addition of attenuation in the control system path from the monitor chambers is fundamentally identical to current HDRE system design and was achieved without significant modification of the accelerator. Preliminary results indicate that current‐generation monitor chambers could potentially govern FLASH radiotherapy, but overall beam and monitor chamber stability issues may necessitate machine modifications to achieve desired dosimetric accuracy.
How gratitude inhibits envy: From the perspective of positive psychology
Authors: Mao Yidi , Zhao Jiaxu , Xu Yi , Xiang Yanhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the development of positive psychology, gratitude, as a typical positive emotion, has attracted significant attention. Gratitude has a profoundly positive effect on cultivating people's positive traits, and negative emotions affect many aspects of people's daily lives. Many studies have explored the inhibiting effect of gratitude on negative emotions. In this study, based on the coping theory and the broaden‐and‐build theory of positive emotion, we used scenario method to discuss the inhibiting effect of trait gratitude and state gratitude on a common and typical negative emotion: situational envy. We randomly recruited 326 undergraduate students as participants and asked them to complete the Gratitude Questionnaire, Dispositional Envy Scale, state gratitude materials, and situational envy materials. Our results showed that (1) state gratitude inhibits situational envy and (2) state gratitude plays a partial mediating role between trait gratitude and situational envy. This article suggests educational field for future school should devote more attention to gratitude, and lay a good foundation for students' future development in society. Taken together, these results verify the positive role of gratitude, help to expand relevant theories about inhibiting envy, and provide a theoretical reference for cultivating people's positive traits and countering negative emotions.
The differential power of extraneous influences to modify aesthetic judgments of biological and artifactual stimuli
Authors: Bignardi Giacomo , Ishizu Tomohiro , Zeki Semir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe addressed the question of the extent to which external information is capable of modifying aesthetic ratings given to two different categories of stimuli—images of faces (which belong to the biological category) and those of abstract paintings with no recognizable objects (which sit in the artifactual category). A total of 51 participants of different national origins rated the beauty of both sets of stimuli, indicating the certainty of their rating; they then re‐rated them after being exposed to the opinions of others on their aesthetic status. Of these 51 participants, 42 who met our criteria were selected to complete the experiment. The results showed that individuals were less prone to modifying their ratings of stimuli belonging to the biological category compared to those falling into the artifactual category. We discuss this finding in light of our theoretical Bayesian–Laplacian model and on the evidence given by previous empirical research.
A simple and green strategy for preparing poly(vinyl alcohol)/phosphate cellulose aerogel with enhanced flame‐retardant properties
Authors: Jixuan Wei , Chunxia Zhao , Yunchao Li , Yuntao Li , Zhangmei Sun , Dong Xiang , Hui Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhosphorylated celluloses (PCFs) were obtained via reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid in molten urea. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the chemical structure and microstate of the PCFs. A flame retardant glutaraldehyde cross‐linked poly (vinyl alcohol)/PCF aerogel was fabricated using a melt cross‐link and freeze‐dried method. The results of thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the thermal stability of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aerogels incorporating PCF is more outstanding. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and the total heat release (THR) values of the PCA/PCF10 aerogel deceased obviously by 33.8 and 64%, respectively, compared to the corresponding values for the pure PVA aerogel; these changes confirm that the PCA/PCF aerogel had better flame‐retardant properties than the pure PVA aerogel. Moreover, the fire performance index and fire growth index indicate that the introduction of PCF would diminish the occurrence of fire.
Registration of ‘UC Tiger's Eye’ heirloom‐like dry bean
Authors: Parker Travis , Palkovic Antonia , Brummer E. Charles , Gepts Paul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract‘UC Tiger's Eye’ (Reg. no. CV‐336, PI 693473) is a BC3F7 line of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) bred by recurrent backcrossing between the heirloom Tiger's Eye (recurrent parent) and UC Canario 707 (donor parent). It produces edible seed similar to the heirloom parent but is resistant to Bean common mosaic virus and provided 28% higher yields in multiyear, multilocation replicated trials on organic farms. Cooking evaluations have also shown that its culinary quality is similar to Tiger's Eye. UC Tiger's Eye will serve a growing market interest in heirloom‐type common bean with improved agronomic properties.
Long‐term changes in attachment patterns after psychotherapy in outpatients with Axis I and personality disorders vs. Axis I disorders only
Authors: Olssøn Ingrid , Dahl Alv A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdult attachment can be self‐reported by rating anxiety of deception and avoidance of emotional closeness. There are few studies of changes in adult attachment patterns after psychotherapy.AimThis study investigated how attachment anxiety and avoidance mean scores changed from pre‐treatment to follow‐up in patients with Axis I disorders only vs. patients with Axis I and comorbid personality disorders (comorbid group) after outpatients psychotherapy.MethodOf 156 patients with pre‐treatment evaluation, 64 (41%) participated in follow‐up 6 years later. Axis I and personality disorder interviews were performed at pre‐treatment and follow‐up, and the participants self‐reported attachment patterns at both time points.ResultsAt both pre‐treatment and follow‐up, the Axis I group had significantly lower attachment avoidance scores than the comorbid group, while no significant between‐group differences were observed for attachment anxiety. After adjustment, neither the Axis I nor the comorbid group showed any significant reductions in attachment anxiety or avoidance over time. The pre‐treatment attachment scores were the only significant predictors of the follow‐up scores.ConclusionNeither attachment anxiety nor avoidance were amenable to change over time. These findings may be associated with the psychotherapy given. Pre‐treatment attachment scores were the only significant predictors of these scores at follow‐up. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urban nature and transnational lives
Authors: Rishbeth Clare , Birch Jo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper explores ways in which first generation migrants living in a UK city engage with urban nature. Through understanding mundane connections with local nature (plants, animals and seasons), we attend to two questions ‘what can narratives of urban nature tell us about experiences of migration’, and inversely ‘what can diverse migrant voices tell us about experiences of urban nature’? We draw on interview data with 23 participants, all born overseas, with a diverse mix in terms of age (young adults to older retired people), gender, country of origin and length of time resident in the United Kingdom. The analysis focuses on three areas: multisensory engagements with weather, care for nature and how transnational identities surface through the relational dimensions of nature narratives. We conclude by highlighting the potential of embodied nature engagement to support a sense of wellbeing and transnational identity across the life‐course, with potential to more broadly reflect pluralist understandings of the urban environment.