bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease activity and response to therapy monitored by [18F]FDG PET/CT using volume-based indices in IgG4-related disease
Authors: Mitamura Katsuya , Arai-Okuda Hanae , Yamamoto Yuka , Norikane Takashi , Takami Yasukage , Fujimoto Kengo , Wakiya Risa , Ozaki Hiroki , Dobashi Hiroaki , Nishiyama Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe efficiency of [18F]FDG PET/CT using volume-based indices was evaluated to assess the disease activity and response to therapy in patients with immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD).MethodsA total of 17 patients with IgG4-RD were examined with [18F]FDG PET/CT before and during treatment. The lesion boundary was determined using a fixed threshold of standardized uptake value (SUV) ≥ 2.5. The highest maximum SUV (SUVmax) among all affected lesions was calculated for individual patients. We summed metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of each affected lesion to generate a total MTV and total TLG. PET results were compared with those of serum IgG4 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels.ResultsThe mean number of involved organs per patient was 3.8 as determined by [18F]FDG uptake. The number of involved organs, total MTV and total TLG were significantly correlated with IgG4 (P = 0.046, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively) and sIL-2R (P < 0.001, = 0.031, 0.031, respectively). According to the clinical assessments for therapy response, all patients were classified as improved. The SUVmax, total MTV, and total TLG during therapy were all significantly lower than those before therapy (allP < 0.001).Conclusion[18F]FDG PET/CT is valuable for assessing the extent of multi-organ involvement before therapy and monitoring subsequent therapy in patients with IgG4-RD. [18F]FDG PET/CT using volumetric indices correlated with serum IgG4 and sIL-2R levels.
Dysregulated autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of enterovirus A71 infection
Authors: Zhang Chuanjie , Li Yawei , Li Jingfeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnterovirus A71 (EVA71) infection continues to remain a vital threat to global public health, especially in the Asia–Pacific region. It is one of the most predominant pathogens that cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which occurs mainly in children below 5 years old. Although EVA71 prevalence has decreased sharply in China with the use of vaccines, epidemiological studies still indicate that EVA71 infection involves severe and even fatal HFMD cases. As a result, it remains more fundamental research into the pathogenesis of EVA71 as well as to develop specific anti-viral therapy. Autophagy is a conserved, self-degradation system that is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. It involves a variety of biological functions, such as development, cellular differentiation, nutritional starvation, and defense against pathogens. However, accumulating evidence has indicated that EVA71 induces autophagy and hijacks the process of autophagy for their optimal infection during the different stages of life cycle. This review provides a perspective on the emerging evidence that the “positive feedback” between autophagy induction and EVA71 infection, as well as its potential mechanisms. Furthermore, autophagy may be involved in EVA71-induced nervous system impairment through mediating intracranial viral spread and dysregulating host regulator involved self-damage. Autophagy is a promising therapeutic target in EVA71 infection.
The exterior Dirichlet problems of Monge–Ampère equations in dimension two
Authors: Dai Limei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the Monge–Ampère equations$\det D^{2}u=f$detD2u=fin dimension two withfbeing a perturbation of$f_{0}$f0at infinity. First, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of radial solutions with prescribed asymptotic behavior at infinity to Monge–Ampère equations outside a unit ball. Then, using the Perron method, we get the existence of viscosity solutions with prescribed asymptotic behavior at infinity to Monge–Ampère equations outside a bounded domain.
Value distribution of meromorphic functions concerning rational functions and differences
Authors: Fang Mingliang , Yang Degui , Liu Dan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLet c be a nonzero constant and n a positive integer, let f be a transcendental meromorphic function of finite order, and let R be a nonconstant rational function. Under some conditions, we study the relationships between the exponent of convergence of zero points of $f-R$
f
−
R
, its shift $f(z+nc)$
f
(
z
+
n
c
)
and the differences $\Delta _{c}^{n} f$

Δ
c
n

f
.
Health-risk behaviors among Iranian university students, 2019: a web-based survey
Authors: Shekari Farhad , Habibi Peyman , Nadrian Haidar , Mohammadpoorasl Asghar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
High-risk behaviors are among the most serious threats for the physical and mental health of adolescents and young adults. Our aims in this study were to investigate the subgroups of students based on risky behaviors and to identify the prevalence rate of these subgroups.

Methods
This cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted from July to August 2019 in Tabriz, Iran. We performed proportional sampling in all nine universities of the city, according to the number of students in each university. Applying an online survey questionnaire, the data were collected from 3649 students and analyzed using Latent Class Analysis.

Results
For total sample, standardized prevalence rates of cigarette smoking, hookah use, alcohol consumption, substance abuse and unsafe sex were 18.5 (Confidence Interval (CI) 95%: 17.3–19.8), 9.1 (CI 95%: 8.2–10.1), 9.2 (CI 95%: 8.3–10.2), 8.3 (CI 95%: 7.4–9.3) and 14.5 (CI 95%: 13.3–15.7), respectively. Three latent classes of risky behaviors were determined among students: a) low risk b) smoking and c) high risk. About 18% of boys and 1.5% of girls were in the high risk class. Cigarette smoking (18.5%, CI 95%: 17.3–19.8) and substance abuse (8.3%, CI 95%: 7.4–9.3) were the most and the least common risky behaviors among the students.

Conclusion
In this we-based survey, a considerable number of students, particularly boys (18%), was at high-risk class, stressing the need for preventive interventions for this group of youth. Our findings are beneficial for planning and development of risky-behavior preventive strategies to prevent high-risk behaviors among college students.
Prevalence of food insecurity in pregnant women and its association with gestational weight gain pattern, neonatal birth weight, and pregnancy complications in Hamadan County, Iran, in 2018
Authors: Kazemi Farideh , Masoumi Seyedeh Zahra , Shayan Arezoo , Shahidi Yasaghi Seyedeh Zahra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The results of some studies have indicated the association between food insecurity and certain adverse pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity in pregnant women and its association with pregnancy outcomes and complications.

Methods
The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 772 mothers who visited comprehensive health service centers during the first 10 days after delivery in 2018. The tools included the demographic and midwifery information questionnaire and an 18-item questionnaire devised by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The significance level was considered to be 0.05.

Results
67.5% of pregnant women had food insecurity. The multivariate analysis showed that birth weight decreased with the increase in the severity of food insecurity, but the reduction was not statistically significant. Based on the results, food insecurity had no statistically significant impact on the mothers’ weight gain pattern (p = 0.13). The risk of hypertension/preeclampsia and anemia was not related to food insecurity. Compared with the food-secure group, the probability of gestational diabetes was 56% lower in the food-insecure group without hunger and 61% lower in the food-insecure group with moderate hunger; however, in the food-insecure group with severe hunger, this probability was 1.5 times more than the food-secure group, which is not statistically significant.

Conclusions
The prevalence of food insecurity was high in pregnant women. Maternal weight gains during pregnancy and birth weight (despite being statistically insignificant) were affected by this condition; therefore, it is necessary to identify women with food insecurity on their first pregnancy visit; it is also crucial to take steps towards improving their health through allocating a family food basket and nutritional support for these women at least during pregnancy. Due to the limited sample size and inability to control the potential confounders, the association between food insecurity during pregnancy and the incidence of pregnancy complications could not be reached, hence the need for more studies.
Pharmacy response to COVID-19: lessons learnt from Canada
Authors: Elbeddini Ali , Botross Amy , Gerochi Rachel , Gazarin Mohamed , Elshahawi Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen the first wave of COVID-19 hit in March 2020, health care professionals across Canada were challenged to quickly and efficiently adapt to change their work practices in these unprecedented times. Pharmacy professionals, being some of the very few front-line health care workers who remained accessible in person for patients, had to rapidly adopt critical changes in their pharmacies to respond in the best interest of their patients and their pharmacy staff. As challenging and demanding as such changes were, they provided pharmacists with invaluable lessons that would be imperative as the country enters a potentially more dangerous second wave. This article seeks to identify and summarize opportunities for improvement in pharmacy as learnt from the pandemic’s first wave. Such areas include but are not limited to handling of drug shortage and addressing drug hoarding and stockpiling, providing physical and mental support for staff, timing of flu vaccine and COVID-19 screening/testing, collaboration between different health care sites as well as collaboration with patients and with other health care professionals, telemedicine and willingness to adopt innovative ideas, need for more staff training and more precise research to provide accurate information and finally the need for more organizational and workplace support. Learning from what went well and what did not work in the early stages of the pandemic is integral to ensure pharmacy professionals are better prepared to protect themselves and their patients amidst a second and possibly subsequent waves.
Note on consistency between Kalogerakis–Sharma Mechanism (KSM) and two-step mechanism of atmospheric band emission (762 nm)
Authors: Grygalashvyly Mykhaylo , Sonnemann Gerd Reinhold 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor more than 30 years, a two-step mechanism was used to explain observed Atmospheric band emission (762 nm) in mesopause region. A new mechanism, which leads to the formation of electronically excited molecular oxygen that gives this emission, was proposed recently. We show, based on an analytical solution, that the fit-functions for Atmospheric band volume emission in the case of the two-step mechanism and the new Kalogerakis–Sharma Mechanism (KSM) have analogous expression. This derivation solves the problem of consistency between the well-known two-step mechanism and the newly proposed KSM.
Source and strong-motion characteristics of two M > 6 buried earthquakes in southwest Taiwan
Authors: Wen Yi-Ying , Yen Yin-Tung , Kuo Chun-Hsiang , Ching Kuo‐En 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe used near-field strong-motion data to investigate the complex combination of source effect and site response for two recent disastrous earthquakes in southwest Taiwan. We estimated strong-motion generation areas (SMGAs) of 2.8 km × 2.8 km and 6.0 km × 4.2 km in a frequency band of 0.4–10 Hz for the 2010 Jiashian and 2016 Meinong earthquakes, respectively. The high-stress drops of 26.2 and 17.0 MPa for these two buried events were potentially related to the small dimension and deep rupture. Our results revealed that both earthquakes exhibited westward rupture directivity, whereas the 2016 Meinong event exhibited a stronger directivity effect because of the consistency between the propagation and slip directions. The localized high peak ground velocity (PGV) patch and the nonlinear site response could be attributed to the soft sediment with high pore fluid pressure and low-velocity structure beneath this region. However, the greater seismic moment and closer faulting location to the thick-mudstone-layer region for the 2016 Meinong event reinforced the strong ground shaking and serious damage over the broad area. This implies that this thick-mudstone-layer region in southern Taiwan plays a crucial role in earthquake response, and an investigation of characteristic site effects should be conducted for seismic hazard mitigation.Graphic abstract
A cross-sectional survey of fertility knowledge in obstetrics and gynecology residents
Authors: Roberts Leah May , Kudesia Rashmi , Zhao Huaqing , Dolan Shaliz , Rose Marisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate fertility knowledge among current Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB-GYN) residents using a recently published validated instrument, the Fertility and Infertility Treatment Knowledge Score (FIT-KS).

Methods
OB-GYN residents in the United States were recruited through an email to all residency coordinators nationwide. They were asked to voluntarily respond to a short questionnaire including demographic information and the FIT-KS instrument, through an online survey platform. Of approximately 5000 OB-GYN residents in the country, 177 responded.

Results
The sample was 91% female, with 69% between the ages of 26 and 30. Participants evenly represented all 4 years of training. Mean FIT-KS score was 21.2 (73% correct; range 17–26). No statistically significant differences were noted across the level of training. Several knowledge gaps were noted. Residents could define the common assisted reproductive technologies; however overestimated their success rates per cycle.

Conclusions
Substantial gaps exist in fertility knowledge among OB-GYN residents, with understanding of male fertility and success rates of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) being particularly limited. Knowledge of fertility does not change throughout residency training, demonstrating consistent gaps in fertility knowledge. Knowledge during post graduate year (PGY)-1 year is consistent with mean scores found in prior research in Internal Medicine residents (65%), as well as a cohort of female medical students and obstetrics and gynecology residents and fellows (64.9%) (Fertil Steril 108:711-7, 2017; Fertil Steril 110:e239, 2018).
Scalp injury management by a maxillofacial surgeon in a low-resource hospital
Authors: Frimpong Paul , Nguyen Truc Thi Hoang , Nimatu Edinam Salia , Amponsah Emmanuel Kofi , Kim Soung Min 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Head or scalp injury is a life-threatening and typically accidental human injury. Most medical departments require immediate medical treatment and proper treatment with specialized medical personnel and facilities. However, in low-resource environments, such as the rural region of West Africa, the authors have treated emergency trauma patients and provided immediate treatment despite lack of resources.

Case presentation
We reviewed three cases of scalp injury patients, with representative clinical information, and used these cases to outline feedback on scalp trauma treatment based on the specialty knowledge of general and emergency surgeon.

Conclusions
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are medical specialists that can immediately diagnose and treat these scalp injuries based on their medical knowledge and experience with the maxillofacial region.
Validity and analysis of the Diabetes Injection Device Preference Questionnaire (DID-PQ)
Authors: Boye Kristina S. , Matza Louis S. , Currie Brooke M. , Coyne Karin S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The Diabetes Injection Device Preference Questionnaire (DID-PQ) was designed to assess patient preference between two non-insulin injection devices. In a recent crossover study, people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) completed the DID-PQ after performing mock injections with two non-insulin injection devices. The purpose of the current analysis was to use these data to assess construct validity of the DID-PQ and demonstrate one way to test whether there is a significant preference for one injection device over another.

Methods
Data were from an open-label, multicenter, randomized, crossover study assessing preference between the dulaglutide and semaglutide injection pens. In addition to the 10-item DID-PQ, people with T2D completed a global item assessing overall preference. DID-PQ responses were compared to the global preference item (percent agreement, Gwet’s AC1, prevalence-adjusted and bias-adjusted Kappa [PABAK]). For each item of the DID-PQ, a two-sided binomial test assessed whether the difference in preference was statistically significant.

Results
The sample included 310 participants (48.4% female; mean age = 60.0). The DID-PQ had minimal missing data. There was strong concordance (percent agreement > 78%) between the global preference item and all DID-PQ items except item 6, which assesses preference related to needle size (59.7%). The Gwet AC1 and PABAK statistics also indicated strong agreement between the global preference item and all DID-PQ items except item 6. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) in preference on every DID-PQ item, with more participants preferring the dulaglutide device.

Discussion
Patient preference has been recommended as a “major factor driving the choice of medication” in a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Current findings suggest that the DID-PQ may be a useful tool for providing insight into preferences of people with T2D using non-insulin injectable medication.
Selection and validation of a classification system for a child-centred preference-based measure of oral health-related quality of life specific to dental caries
Authors: Rogers Helen J. , Gilchrist Fiona , Marshman Zoe , Rodd Helen D. , Rowen Donna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Caries Impacts and Experiences Questionnaire for Children (CARIES-QC) is a child-centred caries-specific quality of life measure. This study aimed to select, and validate with children, a classification system for a paediatric condition-specific preference-based measure, based on CARIES-QC.

Methods
First, a provisional classification system for a preference-based measure based on CARIES-QC was identified using Rasch analysis, psychometric testing, involvement of children and parents, and the developer of CARIES-QC. Second, qualitative, semi-structured ‘think aloud’ validation interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of children with dental caries. The interviewer aimed to identify whether items were considered important and easily understood, whether any were overlapping and if any excluded items should be reintroduced. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis conducted.

Results
Rasch analysis identified poor item spread for the items ‘cross’ and ‘school’. Items relating to eating were correlated and the better performing items were considered for selection. Children expressed some confusion regarding the items ‘school’ and ‘food stuck’. Parent representatives thought that impacts surrounding toothbrushing (‘brushing’) were encompassed by the item ‘hurt’. Five items were selected from CARIES-QC for inclusion in the provisional classification system; ‘hurt’, ‘annoy’, ‘carefully’, ‘kept awake’ and ‘cried’. Validation interviews were conducted with 20 children aged 5–16 years old. Participants thought the questionnaire was straightforward and covered a range of impacts. Children thought an item about certain foods being ‘hard to eat’ was more relevant than one about having to eat more carefully because of their teeth and so the ‘carefully’ item was replaced with ‘hard to eat’.

Conclusion
Following child-centred modification, the preliminary five-item classification system is considered valid and suitable for use in a valuation survey. The innovative child-centred methods used to both identify and validate the classification system can be applied in the development of other preference-based measures.
ADMET analysis of phyto-components of Syzygium cumini seeds and Allium cepa peels
Authors: Kadri Heena S. , Minocheherhomji Farida P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe inedible wastes generated from vegetables and fruits are one of the sources of environmental pollution if not utilized or disposed-off in a proper way. Research is focused on the utilization of these wastes as potential resources rather than undesirable and unwanted products in order to avoid contamination of natural resources.Syzygium cumini(black plum) seeds andAllium cepa(onion) peels were studied. These wastes were fermented and phyto-components of these wastes were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The phyto-components were examined for their pharmacokinetics properties like drug-likeness and toxicity. The open source softwares, DruLiTo and VEGA QSAR, were used to perform the aforementioned study.ResultGCMS: Twenty phyto-components were identified by performing GCMS analysis of the methanol extracts of fermentedSyzygium cuminiseeds and fermentedAllium cepapeels.DruLiTo: Four phyto-components each from the methanol extracts ofSyzygium cuminiseeds andAllium cepapeels followed all the drug-likeness rules.VEGA QSAR: Six phyto-components of methanol extract of fermentedSyzygium cuminiseeds were identified as non-mutagenic whereas nine phyto-components of methanol extract of fermentedAllium cepapeels were non-mutagenic.Collectively two phyto-components of methanol extracts ofSyzygium cuminiseeds and four phyto-components of methanol extracts ofAllium cepapossess the pharmacokinetic properties.ConclusionThe phyto-components predicted to be drug-like and non-mutagenic can be further studied as ligands for bacterial and cancerous targets by the means of in-silico docking approach/techniques. The exploration carries supportive data for future examinations that can lead to their therapeutic use.
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: inter-relation of risk factors and treatment
Authors: Sharma Aman , Mittal Shweta , Aggarwal Rohan , Chauhan Meenakshi K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe diabetes mellitus prevalence is still advancing and increasingly becoming one of the globally most severe and expensive chronic illnesses. The strong correlation between diabetes as well as the most prominent reason for diabetes and death in diabetic patients is cardiovascular disorders. Health conditions like dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and other factors of risk like the risk of cardiovascular are frequent in diabetic persons and raise the likelihood of heart attacks.Main textIn particular, several researchers have found diabetes mellitus-related biochemical pathways that raise the likelihood of cardiovascular disorder in people with diabetes individually. This review describes diabetes-cardiovascular disorder relationships, explores potential therapeutic mechanisms, addresses existing treatment, care, and describes the directions for the future for study.ConclusionThus, in individuals with diabetes, it is important to concentrate on cardiovascular threat variables to reduce the illness’s lasting cardiovascular complications. Further work to enhance knowledge of the disease state and its impact on cardiovascular function is required to boost medical treatment and cardiovascular disorders result in people with diabetes.