bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino Acid Assisted One‐Pot Green Synthesis of N‐Doped 3D Graphene for Ultrasensitive Neurochemical Sensing
Authors: Zhang Minwei , Wanfeng Wu , Chen Fei , Zhang Wenrui , Halder Arnab 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGraphene is undoubtedly one of the most promising materials in the last decade due to its outstanding physicochemical properties. However, in order to use graphene for diverse electrochemical or device‐based applications, it is mandatory to tune its electronic properties through doping. 3D graphene is three‐dimensional structural arrangement of its 2D sheets. In this work, we have explored a simple, one‐pot hydrothermal reaction approach to synthesize nitrogen doped 3D graphene (3D N‐RGO) structure by using graphene oxide (GO) as raw material and amino acids as nitrogen doping agent. Twenty different amino acids were individually used as doping agents and each of their nitrogen doping ability in graphene were carefully analyzed by using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. The results demonstrated that a great majority of amino acids can enable nitrogen doping except for tyrosine and phenylalanine whose ‐R group has benzene group. Among others, lysine, histidine, tryptophan and proline have relatively higher doping amount of nitrogen compared with others. Lysine has shown the highest doping efficiency. Furthermore, lysine induced 3D N‐RGO was used for proof‐of‐concept electrochemical sensing of neurochemical dopamine with a lower limit of detection of 2.8 μM and high sensitivity of 40.81 mA mM−1.
A Novel Co3O4/MnO2/C Electrode with Hierarchical Heterostructure for High‐performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Ying , Ye Xiongbiao , Qiu Yiwei , Gan Chuanhai , Huang Liuqing , Tang Xueyuan , Luo Xuetao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTransition metal oxides (TMOs) are promising materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries while the lithium storage and cycling stability of TMOs are still limited. Herein, a novel Co3O4/MnO2/C composite using metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as sacrificial templates is reported. MnO2 and C shells are layer by layer coated on the MOF‐derived Co3O4/C samples via hydrothermal technique and heat treatment. When employed as anode materials for LIBs, the hierarchically heterostructured Co3O4/MnO2/C composites incorporate the merits of Co3O4, MnO2, and C, showing high Li storage performances at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 with an initial capacity of ∼1245.7 mAh g−1 and a reversible capacity of ∼854.9 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, remarkable cycling stability, and excellent rate capability (almost 98 % recovery as the current density returns to the initial 0.2 A g−1, and especially, the specific capacity remains ∼587.6 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 2.0 A g−1).
Iron‐Promoted Synthesis of (2‐Oxy/Thio)benzothiazole
Authors: Parvathi Edalada Venkata Krishna , Pinapati Srinivasa rao , Tamminana Ramana , Rudraraju Ramesh raju 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of (2‐Phenoxy)benzothiazole and (2‐Phenylthio)benzothiazole has been demonstrated in the presence of iron catalyst under mild reaction conditions. Library of target compounds are prepared under optimized reaction conditions. Both electron donating and electron withdrawing substituent's are readily carried out the reaction to provide their respective target products in moderate to good yield. Mechanistic studies have suggested that the methodology involves intra molecular C‐S cross‐coupling approach.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of N2/CO2 Displacement Process of Methane Hydrate
Authors: Song Weili , Sun Xiaoliang , Zhou Guanggang , Huang Wenqi , Lu Guiwu , Wu Chong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we construct three kinds of hydrate replacement models: N2, CO2 and N2‐CO2. The molecular dynamics (MD) method is used to study the dynamic process of N2‐CO2 replacement for natural gas hydrate. The replacement efficiency of N2/CO2 is simulated, and the influence of gas replacement on the stability of the water cage is assessed. The results show that CH4 molecules in the driving hydrate are all enriched in the gas‐liquid interface or gas region. Compared with the replacement of methane hydrate with CO2, when N2‐CO2 mixed gas is used to replace methane hydrate, the diffusion rate of CO2 is increased by 2 times, and the replacement efficiency of hydrate is significantly improved. The radial distribution function and free energy calculation results show that although the barrier of the water cage is significantly reduced after replacement, the water molecules in the cage still have difficulty jumping over the free energy barrier compared with the thermal motion energy, so the water cage structure remains highly stable.
Synergistically Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Electrospun Core‐Shell Nanofiber for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sun Caihua , Liu Jifei , Xin Duqiang , Zhu Xiaojun , Hu Shuntao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNiO@Co3O4 core‐shell oxide nanofiber (NF) with diameter of 200 nm were prepared by a simple sol‐gel based on electrospinning method. When applied as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), it delivers stable cyclic performance with specific capacity of 487 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. Moreover, high rate capabilities are observed in each current density in the core‐shell nanofiber. This indicates that the electrochemical performance of the core‐shell nanostructure significantly enhances reversible capacity and high rate capabilities over NiO and Co3O4 nanofibers. Such an enhanced electrochemical performance is attribute to the synergistic effect between each component.
Controllable Synthesis of Phosphorus‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride via a Simple Phosphorus Compound Towards Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Meng Ruru , Tang Shengdao , Xia Bin , Chen Xiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction of phosphorus into graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4 or CN) has been demonstrated to be an effective route to improve the photocatalytic activity of CN. Many efforts have been made to synthesize phosphorus‐doped CN (PCN) by using different phosphorous precursors, but they are usually composed of at least four elements, which may lead to an increase in uncontrollable factors and environmental pollution in the thermal polymerization process. Herein, PCN photocatalysts were successfully prepared by using a simple inorganic precursor of phosphorus pentoxide as the phosphorous source. Under optimized conditions, PCN photocatalyst shows a visible light (λ>400 nm) photocatalytic rhodamine B degradation rate of 6.8 times higher than that obtained for the pure CN. Based on the measurements and analyses of ultraviolet‐visible diffraction reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, transient photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, upon the incorporation of phosphorus, the visible light absorption and generation and separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs are enhanced dramatically compared with pure CN, which may be responsible for the photocatalytic activity improvement of PCN. This work provides a facile, environment‐friendly and controllable way to design and synthesize highly effective CN for solar energy utilization and environmental remediation.
Highly Luminescent Solid‐State Carbon Dots Embedded in a Boric Acid Matrix
Authors: Wang Henggang , Zhang Zhen , Yan Qinqin , Zhang Chenyang , Xing Yifei , Xiong Yuan , Zhang Feng , Wang Zhenguang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAggregation‐caused quenching of carbon dots (CDs) has limited their application for optoelectronic devices. In this work, we reported a highly luminescent solid‐state CDs through a freeze‐drying assisted hydrothermal method, using citric acid, urea and boric acid as raw materials. The hydrothermal process triggers the formation of the carbonaceous structures, and freeze‐drying treatment results in the dehydration and crossing linking reactions between the carbonaceous structures and boric acid, forming CDs embedded in the matrix of boric acid. Steady‐state fluorescence spectra and time‐resolved PL decay curves, together with the XPS data suggest the significant promotion of photoluminescence quantum yield after processing CDs from solution to powder state is attributed to surface passivation and activating of new emissive states caused by the attraction of boron. The CDs shows a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 80.1 %, with an excellent thermal stability, which are further used as phosphor for fabricating LED. A white LED is obtained after combining blue emissive CDs with orange emissive Cu nanocluster with UV‐LED chips, achieving a high color rendering index of 89, and a Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.33, 0.32).
Age‐dependent compressive strength and elastic modulus of fly ash‐based geopolymer concrete
Authors: Hassan Amer , Arif Mohammed , Shariq M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an experimental and analytical study on the age‐dependent mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete. The effect of total aggregate content and the ratio of sand‐to‐total aggregate content on the engineering properties of geopolymer concrete has been investigated. Geopolymer concrete cubes, prisms, and cylinders were prepared and tested for evaluation of the engineering properties of geopolymer concrete at the times of 3, 7, 28, 56, 90, and 180 days. The experimentally obtained results showed that the combination of 70% of the total aggregate by volume and 0.35 by weight the ratio of sand‐to‐total aggregate had been given the maximum strength of fly ash‐based geopolymer concrete. The assessment of available models for the calculation of age‐dependent modulus of elasticity and compressive strength with experimental results has been studied as well. An analytical model has been suggested for predicting the modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of geopolymer concrete at any age. The proposed models showed a good match with the experimental results. The present experimental and analytical study will be helpful in the production and design of geopolymer concrete structures.
The positive and negative appraisals of caregiving (PANAC) scale: A new measure to examine the caregiving experience in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Galvin James E. , Tolea Magdalena I. , Chrisphonte Stephanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionDementia caregiving is often examined as a monolithic experience describing the challenges caregivers face, exploring one construct at a time, with little research on the positive experiences of caregiving. To address this, we developed the Positive and Negative Appraisals of Caregiving (PANAC) scale.MethodsPANAC was validated in 253 patient‐caregiver dyads. Factor analyses revealed a two‐factor solution: Positive Appraisals (PAs) and Negative Appraisals (NAs). Psychometric properties were compared with patient and caregiver characteristics and outcomes, disease stage, and etiology.ResultsInternal consistency was good with Cronbach's alpha: 0.82 NA and 0.80 PA (P < 0.001). NA correlated with patient and caregiver characteristics, whereas PA correlated only with caregiver characteristics. The PA/NA ratio could be used to capture change due to an intervention.DiscussionThe PANAC scale is a useful measure of the overall caregiver experience accounting for negative and positive experiences and may be used to tailor support to individual caregivers.
Telehealth Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) Research: Analysis of the PCORI Telehealth-Related Research Portfolio
Authors: Weinstein Ronald S. , Krouse Robert S. , Holcomb Michael J. , Payne Camryn , Erps Kristine A. , Krupinski Elizabeth A. , Latifi Rifat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImproving outcomes through patient-centered care has emerged as an important focus of study in the clinical and research worlds over the past decade. While the principles of patient-centered care and community-centered care are found in philosophical writings in ancient times, only recently have physicians and the overall healthcare community begun to accept that the health and well-being of patients depends upon collaborative and integrated efforts between healthcare professionals, patients, and their communities. The aim of this chapter is to provide perspective and practical guidance on the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, and extramural Dissemination and Implementation funding for telemedicine and telehealth-related research. Hopefully, this data analysis provides new ideas about how to be successful in competing for patient-centered clinical intervention effectiveness funding going forward.
Undulating dark matter
Authors: Davighi Joe , McCullough Matthew , Tooby-Smith Joseph 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We suggest that an interplay between microscopic and macroscopic physics can give rise to dark matter (DM) whose interactions with the visible sector fundamentally undulate in time, independent of celestial dynamics. A concrete example is provided by fermionic DM with an electric dipole moment (EDM) sourced by an oscillating axion-like field, resulting in undulations in the scattering rate. The discovery potential of light DM searches can be enhanced by additionally searching for undulating scattering rates, especially in detection regions where background rates are large and difficult to estimate, such as for DM masses in the vicinity of 1 MeV where DM-electron scattering dominantly populates the single electron bin. An undulating signal could also reveal precious dark sector information after discovery. In this regard we emphasise that, if the recent XENON1T excess of events is due to light DM scattering exothermically off electrons, future analyses of the time-dependence of events could offer clues as to the microscopic origins of the putative signal.
Jejunalsonden bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Broekaert Ilse , Bildheim Victor , Brunert Annette , Hauer Almuthe , Schwarz Christine , Schmidt-Choudhury Anjona 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Ernährung über eine jejunale Sonde wird immer häufiger bei jenen Kindern notwendig, deren kalorischer Bedarf durch gastrale Ernährung nicht ausreichend gedeckt werden kann. Ursächlich hierfür können die Intoleranz gastral zugeführter Nahrung oder eine ausgeprägte gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit (GÖRK) sein. Da nach Anlage der Jejunalsonde häufig regelmäßige Sondenwechsel notwendig werden, ist eine jejunale Sonde oft nur eine vorübergehende Lösung bis zur perkutanen Anlage eines Jejunostomas (mit oder ohne Antirefluxoperation) oder als Alternative vor einer etwaigen Antirefluxoperation.Bevor eine jejunale Sonde gelegt wird, sollte eine Nahrungsintoleranz aufgrund anatomischer oder nicht gastrointestinal bedingter Probleme ausgeschlossen werden.Die Versorgung eines Kindes, bei dem die Anlage einer jejunalen Sonde geplant ist, sollte durch ein multidisziplinäres Team, bestehend aus u. a. einem Kindergastroenterologen/einer Kindergastroenterologin, einer Ernährungsfachkraft, einem Psychologen/einer Psychologin und einem Logopäden/einer Logopädin, erfolgen. Das multidisziplinäre Team sollte bereits vor Indikationsstellung die Nahrung anpassen, das Kind logopädisch evaluiert haben und die Familie psychologisch und medizinisch mitbetreuen.Eine adäquate Planung, welche auch ethische Aspekte beinhaltet, garantiert, dass sowohl der Patient/die Patientin, die Eltern und Betreuungspersonen wie auch das behandelnde Team ein klares Verständnis der Indikation und Gründe für die Anlage einer jejunalen Sonde haben. Dabei sollten auch die Fortsetzung einer möglichen oralen Ernährung und eine Sondenentwöhnung diskutiert werden.Diese Übersicht beinhaltet Handlungsempfehlungen zur Indikationsstellung für den Einsatz jejunaler Sonden, gepaart mit praktischen Überlegungen, welche die Verwendung und die Sicherheit der jejunalen Sondenernährung im Kindes- und Jugendalter optimieren sollen.
Paraneoplastischer subakut kutaner Lupus erythematodes
Authors: Rezazadegan R. , Koushk-Jalali B. , Kuntz T. , Oellig F. , Tigges C. , Kreuter A. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer subakut kutane Lupus erythematodes (SCLE) ist ein Subtyp des kutanen Lupus erythematodes, der sich durch hohe Photosensitivität, Auftreten von anulären oder papulosquamösen Hautveränderungen im Bereich der UV-exponierten Körperregionen, serologischen Nachweis von Anti-Ro/SS-A-Antikörpern und milde systemische Beteiligung wie Arthralgien und Myalgien auszeichnet. Wie bei anderen Formen des kutanen Lupus erythematodes kann auch der SCLE durch bestimmte Triggerfaktoren wie UV-Exposition, Zigarettenrauchen oder Medikamente ausgelöst werden. Rheumatische Erkrankungen wie die Dermatomyositis sind seit Langem als paraneoplastische Syndrome bekannt. In den letzten Jahren wird zunehmend über die Assoziation von SCLE und Tumorerkrankungen publiziert. Wir berichten den Fall einer 78-jährigen Patientin, bei der zeitgleich mit der Entwicklung eines SCLE ein Magenkarzinom diagnostiziert wurde. Bei SCLE-Patienten höheren Alters, ausgedehntem Befall außerhalb der UV-exponierten Körperpartien oder neu aufgetretener B‑Symptomatik sollte das Vorliegen eines paraneoplastischen SCLE in Erwägung gezogen und entsprechende diagnostische Schritte zur Abklärung einer Tumorerkrankung sollten eingeleitet werden.
Automatic multispectral MRI segmentation of human hippocampal subfields: an evaluation of multicentric test–retest reproducibility
Authors: Chiappiniello Andrea , Tarducci Roberto , Muscio Cristina , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Bozzali Marco , Tiraboschi Pietro , Nigri Anna , Ambrosi Claudia , Chipi Elena , Ferraro Stefania , Festari Cristina , Gasparotti Roberto , Gianeri Ruben , Giulietti Giovanni , Mascaro Lorella , Montanucci Chiara , Nicolosi Valentina , Rosazza Cristina , Serra Laura , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Perani Daniela , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Jovicich Jorge 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccurate and reproducible automated segmentation of human hippocampal subfields is of interest to study their roles in cognitive functions and disease processes. Multispectral structural MRI methods have been proposed to improve automated hippocampal subfield segmentation accuracy, but the reproducibility in a multicentric setting is, to date, not well characterized. Here, we assessed test–retest reproducibility of FreeSurfer 6.0 hippocampal subfield segmentations using multispectral MRI analysis pipelines (22 healthy subjects scanned twice, a week apart, at four 3T MRI sites). The harmonized MRI protocol included two 3D-T1, a 3D-FLAIR, and a high-resolution 2D-T2. After within-session T1 averaging, subfield volumes were segmented using three pipelines with different multispectral data: two longitudinal (“long_T1s” and “long_T1s_FLAIR”) and one cross-sectional (“long_T1s_FLAIR_crossT2”). Volume reproducibility was quantified in magnitude (reproducibility error—RE) and space (DICE coefficient). RE was lower in all hippocampal subfields, except for hippocampal fissure, using the longitudinal pipelines compared to long_T1s_FLAIR_crossT2 (average RE reduction of 0.4–3.6%). Similarly, the longitudinal pipelines showed a higher spatial reproducibility (1.1–7.8% of DICE improvement) in all hippocampal structures compared to long_T1s_FLAIR_crossT2. Moreover, long_T1s_FLAIR provided a small but significant RE improvement in comparison to long_T1s (p = 0.015), whereas no significant DICE differences were found. In addition, structures with volumes larger than 200 mm3 had better RE (1–2%) and DICE (0.7–0.95) than smaller structures. In summary, our study suggests that the most reproducible hippocampal subfield FreeSurfer segmentations are derived from a longitudinal pipeline using 3D-T1s and 3D-FLAIR. Adapting a longitudinal pipeline to include high-resolution 2D-T2 may lead to further improvements.
Smartphone measurements of physical activity and fitness are associated with early trial discontinuation of patients in (hemato)oncology phase I/II clinical trials
Authors: Douma Joeri A. J. , Zweegman Sonja , Alberts Mieke , Kruyswijk Sandy , van de Donk Niels C. W. J. , van Linde Myra , Buffart Laurien M. , Verheul Henk M. W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients, who discontinue early, do not benefit from phase I/II clinical trials (early-phase clinical trials (EPCT)). In this study, associations between objective smartphone measurements of physical activity and fitness and early trial discontinuation in patients with cancer participating in EPCT were investigated.

Methods
Before start of treatment, physical activity (steps/day) and physical fitness (meters walked in 6 min) were measured with a smartphone, and patient-reported physical function (PRO-PF) was assessed (EORTC QLQ-C30-PF). Early trial discontinuation was defined as discontinuation ≤ 28 days. Univariable logistic regression analyses were performed to study associations of physical activity, fitness, and function with early trial discontinuation. Optimal cutoff values of physical activity and fitness were assessed with ROCs, based on positive predictive values (PPV).

Results
Median (interquartile range (IQR)) step count was 4263 (2548–6897) steps/day, mean ± standard deviation 6-min walking distance was 477 ± 120 m and median (IQR) PRO-PF score was 83 (67–95) points. Fourteen patients (12%) discontinued the trial early. Smartphone measurements of physical activity in units of 100 steps per day (odds ratio (OR) = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94–0.99, p = 0.01), physical fitness (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98–0.99, p < 0.01), and PRO-PF (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94–1.00, p = 0.03) were associated with early trial discontinuation. Optimal cutoff values were < 900 steps for physical activity and < 285 m for physical fitness. PPV for early trial discontinuation was 100% in patients who walked both < 1500 steps per day and < 300 m in 6 min.

Conclusions
Objective smartphone measurements of physical activity and fitness are associated with early trial discontinuation. However, cutoff values should be externally validated in a larger cohort before implementation in clinical practice.
Utilizing homogenized observation records and reconstructed time series data to estimate recent trends in Mid-Atlantic soil moisture scarcity
Authors: Smith Robert Kennedy , Guijarro José A. , Chang Der-Chen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Mid-Atlantic region of the USA has experienced increasing annual precipitation amounts in recent decades, along with more frequent extreme events of greater magnitude. Unlike many US regions that have suffered increasing drought conditions from higher evapotranspiration demand, positive trends in the Mid-Atlantic accumulated precipitation are greater than the recent increases in reference evapotranspiration. The temporal correlation between precipitation events and soil moisture capacity is essential for determining how the nature of drought has changed in the region. This analysis has shown that soil moisture scarcity has declined in nine of ten subregions of the Mid-Atlantic that were analyzed from 1985 to 2019. Two algorithms were deployed to draw this conclusion: Climatol enabled the use of the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation on daily observation station data for which complete records were unavailable, and the second algorithm calculated soil moisture levels on a daily basis, more accurately capturing drought conditions than common methods using weekly or monthly summaries. Although the declining drought trends were not statistically significant, a result of more extreme events and higher evapotranspiration rates, the inclusion of direct data from an expanded set of locations provides greater clarity from the trends, allowing policymakers and landowners to anticipate changes in future Mid-Atlantic irrigation water demand.