bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS PARA AFRODESCENDENTES NO DEBATE DO PARLAMENTO URUGUAIO
Authors: López Monica Olaza 
Published: August 2020

<p class="texto" align="left">Neste trabalho, são examinados os argumentos discutidos no Parlamento Nacional uruguaio durante o processo que chegou à sanção da Lei nº 19.122, Afrodescendentes. Normas para favorecer sua participação nas áreas educativas e trabalhistas. Essa lei é a medida de política pública mais relevante do Estado uruguaio no tocante à afrodescendência e contou com votação unânime para sua aprovação. No entanto, a análise do debate deixa entrever posições contraditórias não manifestadas e dúvidas explícitas por parte de alguns parlamentares. Em comparação com outros países que adotaram políticas afirmativas, a discussão uruguaia apresenta argumentos similares, mas em um contexto com algumas particularidades como a gratuidade e a não restrição do acesso ao ensino público e uma sociedade com mais diversidade e presença afro.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: afrodescendência - Uruguai - políticas públicas - reconhecimento - redistribuição.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="abstract">This paper analyzes the arguments discussed at the Uruguyan National Parliament during the process that led to the passing of the Law 19.122. Afro-descendants. Regulations to promote participation in the areas of education and work. This law is the most relevant public policy step taken by the Uruguayan government related to Afro-descendants, and was passed unanimously. However, an analysis of the debate reveals unspoken contradictory positions and explicit doubts from some members of parliament. When compared to other countries that have adopted affirmative action policies, the Uruguayan discussion shows similar arguments. Nevertheless, the Uruguayan context has distinctive features such as free and unrestricted access to public education, and a more diverse society with greater Afro-descendant presence than perceived. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Keywords</strong>:<strong> </strong>Afro-descendant - Uruguay - public policies - recognition - redistribution.</p>
Reliability and validity of the Vietnamese version of the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale
Authors: Tran Thuy Thi Thu , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Imamura Kotaro , Nguyen Huong Thanh , Sasaki Natsu , Kuribayashi Kazuto , Sakuraya Asuka , Nguyen Nga Thi , Bui Thu Minh , Nguyen Quynh Thuy , Truong Tien Quang , Nguyen Giang Thi Huong , Minas Harry , Tsustumi Akizumi , Shimazu Akihito , Kawakami Norito 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The present study investigated the reliability and validity of a newly developed Vietnamese version of the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9-V) in a sample of hospital nurses in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Methods
The UWES-9 was translated into Vietnamese following a standard procedure. A survey was conducted of 949 registered nurses in a large tertiary general hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2018, using a self-administered questionnaire including the Vietnamese UWES-9, other scales measuring health status, work performance, job demand, job control, and workplace social support, and questions pertaining to demographic variables. Cronbach’s alpha and interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess reliability. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess factorial validity. Convergent validity was tested based on associations between the UWES-9-V and subscales and other scales.

Results
The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the UWES-9-V and the Vigor, Absorption, and Dedication subscales were 0.93, 0.86, 0.77, and 0.90, respectively. ICC of the UWES-9-V in a subsample after 3 months was 0.48. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated an acceptable fit of both one-factor and three-factor structures, with the three-factor model having the better fit. The UWES-9-V and its subscales correlated with depression, anxiety and stress, health-related quality of life and health condition, job performance, and psychosocial work environment.

Conclusions
The study findings suggest that the UWES-9-V is a reliable and valid instrument to measure work engagement among hospital nurses in Vietnam, a low- and middle-income country. Future studies should confirm the validity and reliability of the UWES-9-V among various occupations.
Multipopulation recurrent selection: An approach with generation and population effects in selection of self‐pollinated progenies
Authors: de Paula Ramon G. , Pereira Gabriela S. , de Paula Igor G. , Carneiro Ana Laura N. , Carneiro Pedro C. S. , dos Anjos Rafael S. R. , Carneiro José E. S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCorrelated information from different genetic sources is absent in most of annual self‐pollinated crops using the recurrent selection strategy, which is a breeding strategy that improves crop traits consistently over years. In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding programs, progenies coming from multiple biparental populations are evaluated across generations of inbred plants with the assumption that the data are not correlated. In this paper, in addition to the effects of progeny, we evaluate the effects of populations and generations and provide information for the selection process in a self‐pollinated recurrent selection breeding program. Nineteen progenies were extracted from 20 breeding populations and evaluated at different sowing times across F3:4 and F3:5 generations. The evaluated traits were plant architecture, angular leaf spot resistance, grain appearance, and grain yield. Progenies were selected using three methods: means of progenies regardless of generation and population effects; the multigeneration index (MI), which considered the generation effect; and the selection index with parents, populations, progenies, and generations (SIPPPG). We showed that adding variation among progenies correctly weighted for different generations as well as variation among populations yield for an increase in genetic gain. Therefore, selection accuracies of the SIPPPG were the highest for all traits compared with those of MI and when generation and population effects were not considered.
Natural restoration and diploidization of haploids in maize
Authors: Jiang Long , Jin Ge , Chen Dianyuan , Yu Xiaoming , Yu Haiyan , Li Jianming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDouble‐haploid breeding technology is the most efficient breeding technique for maize (Zea mays L.). In this study, we used haploids produced from 12 maize hybrids and 13 inbred lines induced by Jikeyu115, calculated natural doubling rates of the haploids, and studied male and female fertility. The results showed that the recovery degrees of male inflorescence fertility of 25 different haploids were significantly different. The power rates of male tassels varied from 0.81 to 11.48% (average, 4.42%). The degree of fertility recovery of male ear was much lower than that of female ear (60.83%), which was the limiting factor of self‐fruiting of haploid. Summer sowing at a location that has a large daytime/night‐time temperature difference may be beneficial to fertility recovery of haploid male panicles and to the loose pollen rate, with an average of 9.80%. In the natural state, detecting the cells by flow cytometer, we found that most of somatic cells of haploid male fertile plants are haploid state (1C), and there is a ploidy chimerism including haploid and diploid cells in a few somatic cells. About 1.4% aneuploidy (1.5C) is detected. In the practice of haploid breeding, materials with strong male fertility recovery ability can be selected to carry out haploid breeding, and an environment suitable for male panicle fertility restoration can be selected for haploid natural doubling.
Interrow spacing and sugarcane yield in a diversity of climates: A major review
Authors: Gasparotto Leticia G. , Rosa Juliano M. , Marin Fabio R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe reduction of sugarcane interrow spacing has the potential to increase crop yield, but research results concerning sugarcane cultivation in Brazil and worldwide remain inconclusive. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate the influence of interrow spacing on the stalk fresh yield (SFY) of sugarcane and to identify the most appropriate interrow spacing in different climates and water regimes (irrigated or rainfed). In this study, a broad review of published studies was conducted to gather experimental data and evaluate the influence of interrow spacing on sugarcane SFY. A total of 28 relevant studies was used, including 170 field experiments in nine countries. Field experimental data were grouped on the basis of similarity of climate, using hierarchical cluster analysis for rainfed and irrigated experiments. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate whether there was a variation between the SFY values, and Tukey tests were applied to compare the SFY means for each interrow spacing. The results indicated that SFY significantly increased as interrow spacing was reduced. Interrow spacing of 90 cm had the greatest SFY (p < .01) for both irrigated and rainfed treatments. The lowest average SFY values were among spacings from 150 to 180 cm, which are most frequently used in the largest‐producing countries, depending on the climate zone and water regime. Despite the increase in yield, the use of narrower interrow spacing is limited mainly due to the soil compaction and sugarcane stool damage caused by the currently used tillage and harvesting machines.
Continuous grazing of mixed native warm‐season grass in the fescue belt
Authors: Brazil Kyle A. , Keyser Patrick D. , Bates Gary E. , Saxton Arnold M. , Holcomb Elizabeth D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContinuous, season‐long (May–August) grazing is the most commonly used grazing strategy among tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] belt beef (Bos taurus) producers. However, little information is available regarding the feasibility of managing native warm‐season grass (NWSG) pastures in this region with continuous, season‐long grazing. We compared stand sustainability, beef cattle performance, and pasture production between continuous (CONT), season‐long grazing and heavy‐early (HEAVY), a modified continuous grazing strategy, on mixed‐NWSG pastures. Heavy‐early was designed to match the growth curve of NWSG, with an initial stocking target of 1.25 times the CONT density until 25 June, at which time stocking was reduced to 0.75 times the CONT density. Pastures were mixed big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], and little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.)]. The plant population (plants m−2) was similar between treatments, but years differed (P < .001), with a 35% reduction from 2017, the third and final year of grazing, to 2018. Despite the decline in plant density, overall tiller density (tillers m−2) increased 14%, indicating that the grazing strategies were likely sustainable. The grazing strategies had similar (P > .05) average daily gain (ADG; kg d−1), animal‐days ha−1, and total gain (kg ha−1). Weaned steer ADG was 0.98 kg d−1 for CONT and 0.89 kg d−1 for HEAVY. Total gain was 379 kg ha−1 for CONT and 334 kg ha−1 for HEAVY. Continuous grazing appears to be an appropriate strategy for managing NWSG pastures in the Fescue Belt.
Molecular‐level kinetic modeling of heavy oil fluid catalytic cracking process based on hybrid structural unit and bond‐electron matrix
Authors: Chen Zhengyu , Feng Song , Zhang Linzhou , Wang Gang , Shi Quan , Xu Zhiming , Zhao Suoqi , Xu Chunming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this presented work, a heavy petroleum fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process model based on the use of a hybrid structural unit and bond‐electron matrix (SU‐BEM) framework on a molecular level has been developed. The SU‐BEM uses a simplified structural unit to represent the petroleum's molecular structure and chemical conversion, while retaining substantial details regarding atom‐connectivity. The chemical reaction information from the FCC unit was characterized in terms of reaction rules, indicating the conversion between structural units. After implementing via iteration the reaction rules on feedstock molecules, a complex molecular reaction network was created, containing all the primary product molecules (~3,800) and the reactions (~7,500). Next, the process mathematical model was built, including the micro‐kinetic model and the FCC unit reactor model. For validation purposes, the product yield was selected as a predicted variable. Following a parameter estimation procedure, a good agreement between the calculated and experimental values was observed.
Mixed matrix membranes containing polymer‐embedded metal‐organic framework microspheres
Authors: Wu Wufeng , Su Pengcheng , Li Wanbin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe controlling filler aggregation and strengthening interfacial interaction are of great scientific significance for mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). In this study, the polymer‐embedded metal‐organic framework (pMOF) microspheres (MSs) are designed by one‐pot synthesis and employed as microfillers for improving separation performance of MMMs. Through adding polymer during solvothermal crystallization, the polymer chains are embedded into the MOF materials, and the morphologies of the MOFs are transformed from nanopaticles to polycrystalline MSs. Since the embedding of the identical polymer promotes the compatibility of polymeric matrixes and fillers, as well as the micrometer‐sized porous MSs offer additionally superior and permanent transport pathways, the resulted MMMs display simultaneously enhanced selectivity and permeability for carbon capture. The CO2/CH4 selectivity and CO2 permeability of the pMOF MMMs are achieved at 1.3 and 2.2 times as those of the pure polymeric membranes, and 1.5 and 1.2 times as those of the MOF MMMs, respectively.
Coupling reduced‐order modeling and coarse‐grainedCFD‐DEMto accelerate coal gasifier simulation and optimization
Authors: Yu Jia , Lu Liqiang , Gao Xi , Xu Yupeng , Shahnam Mehrdad , Rogers William A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh fidelity three‐dimensional (3‐D) numerical simulations of commercial‐scale coal gasifiers are very time consuming and expensive. This article proposes a reduced‐order modeling approach that uses quasi one‐dimensional (1‐D) CFD–DEM simulation results to serve as an accurate initial condition for the 3‐D simulation, which significantly shortens the physical time from several hours to minutes to achieve steady states. The 3‐D simulation employs a previously validated coarse‐grained CFD‐DEM approach, which further accelerates the simulation. Both 1‐D and 3‐D simulations adopt a particle shrinkage scheme to correctly account for the particle volume change due to chemical reaction and thus provides an accurate bed height. Comparison with available experimental measurements of the bed temperature and synthesis gas composition is used to validate the simulation. The final syngas composition and flowrates are strongly affected by the fuel or gasification agent rate and process operating conditions as expected. This approach is then used to optimize two important operating conditions (air and steam flows) to achieve specific gasifier performance goals for the production of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis gas and production of fuel gas for gas turbines.
Tau and apolipoprotein E modulate cerebrovascular tight junction integrity independent of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Chia‐Chen , Yamazaki Yu , Heckman Michael G. , Martens Yuka A. , Jia Lin , Yamazaki Akari , Diehl Nancy N. , Zhao Jing , Zhao Na , DeTure Michael , Davis Mary D. , Felton Lindsey M. , Qiao Wenhui , Li Yonghe , Li Hongmei , Fu Yuan , Wang Na , Wren Melissa , Aikawa Tomonori , Holm Marie‐Louise , Oue Hiroshi , Linares Cynthia , Allen Mariet , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Murray Melissa E. , Petersen Ronald C. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilüfer , Dickson Dennis W. , Kanekiyo Takahisa , Bu Guojun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionCerebrovascular pathologies including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and blood‐brain barrier (BBB) dysregulation are prominent features in the majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases.MethodsWe performed neuropathologic and biochemical studies on a large, neuropathologically confirmed human AD cohort (N = 469). Amounts of endothelial tight junction proteins claudin‐5 (CLDN5) and occludin (OCLN), and major AD‐related molecules (amyloid beta [Aβ40], Aβ42, tau, p‐tau, and apolipoprotein E) in the temporal cortex were assessed by ELISA.ResultsHigher levels of soluble tau, insoluble p‐tau, and apolipoprotein E (apoE) were independently correlated with lower levels of endothelial tight junction proteins CLDN5 and OCLN in AD brains. Although high Aβ40 levels, APOE ε4, and male sex were predominantly associated with exacerbated CAA severity, those factors did not influence tight junction protein levels.DiscussionRefining the molecular mechanisms connecting tau, Aβ, and apoE with cerebrovascular pathologies is critical for greater understanding of AD pathogenesis and establishing effective therapeutic interventions for the disease.
Production and characterization of copper periodic open cellular structures made by 3D printing‐replica technique
Authors: Balzarotti Riccardo , Bisaccia Alessandra , Tripi Maria Celeste , Ambrosetti Matteo , Groppi Gianpiero , Tronconi Enrico 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing by 3D printing comprises a set of methods for production of 3D objects starting from a CAD file. Advantages of additive manufacturing combine high manufacturing resolution, a reduction of waste material, and the possibility of computer‐aided design (CAD). When applied to the manufacturing of structured catalyst substrates, the latter enables the optimization of transport properties of the catalyst support. Despite several methods have been introduced for a variety of materials, copper, well known for its high thermal conductivity, is still difficult to be handled. In this work, a novel approach for the additive manufacturing of copper periodic open cellular structures (POCS) is proposed and investigated. It consists in the use of the replica manufacturing procedure starting from resin supports produced by 3D printing stereolithography. Micrometric high purity copper powder was effectively dispersed using a liquid medium based on organic components; the resulting slurry was used for the washcoat deposition on the resin supports. Structures with diamond unit cell shape (cell size of 2.5 mm and void fractions in the 0.8‐0.9 range) were washcoated by dip‐spin coating. Homogeneous washcoat layers were obtained without occurrence of cell clogging phenomena. Optimized thermal treatment procedure was assessed for sintering the copper POCS. The resulting matrices preserved the morphology of the original structure, reaching a resolution in the range of 70 to 120 μm. These materials can eventually be used as catalyst supports for heat‐transfer limited applications (eg, steam reforming of methane), where copper‐based substrates were demonstrated to be an effective solution for process intensification.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Promotes Gait Training in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Chung Chloe Lau‐Ha , Mak Margaret Kit‐Yi , Hallett Mark 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether priming with 1 or 25Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) will enhance the benefits from treadmill training up to 3 months postintervention in people with Parkinson disease (PD), and to evaluate the underlying changes in cortical excitability.MethodsThis randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted between October 2016 and December 2018. Fifty‐one participants with PD were randomized to receive 12 sessions of rTMS (25Hz, 1Hz, or sham) followed by treadmill training. All participants were assessed at baseline and 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months postintervention. Primary outcome was fastest walking speed, and secondary outcomes were timed up‐and‐go test (TUG), dual‐task TUG (DT‐TUG), motor section of the Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS‐III), and electrophysiological evaluation of cortical excitability by TMS.ResultsThe 1 and 25Hz rTMS groups produced a greater improvement in fastest walking speed at 1 day and 3 months postintervention than the sham group. Only the 1 and 25Hz rTMS groups sustained the improvements in TUG, and had a significant improvement in DT‐TUG and MDS‐UPDRS‐III for up to 3 months. Behavioral improvements correlated with increased cortical silent period and short‐interval intracortical inhibition in both groups receiving real rTMS.InterpretationPriming with 1 and 25Hz rTMS can augment the benefits of treadmill training and lead to long‐term motor improvement up to 3 months postintervention. The motor improvement at follow‐up was associated with a normalization of cortical excitability, which in turn suggests an alteration of the homeostatic plasticity range. Rebalancing cortical excitability by rTMS appears critical for plasticity induction. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:933–945
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgical Outcomes Can Be Inferred Based on Structural Connectome Hubs: A Machine Learning Study
Authors: Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Keller Simon S. , Drane Daniel L. , Munsell Brent C. , Davis Kathryn A. , Kaestner Erik , Weber Bernd , Krantz Samantha , Vandergrift William A. , Edwards Jonathan C. , McDonald Carrie R. , Kuzniecky Ruben , Bonilha Leonardo 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveMedial temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of medication‐resistant focal epilepsy in adults. Despite removal of medial temporal structures, more than one‐third of patients continue to have disabling seizures postoperatively. Seizure refractoriness implies that extramedial regions are capable of influencing the brain network and generating seizures. We tested whether abnormalities of structural network integration could be associated with surgical outcomes.MethodsPresurgical magnetic resonance images from 121 patients with drug‐resistant TLE across 3 independent epilepsy centers were used to train feed‐forward neural network models based on tissue volume or graph‐theory measures from whole‐brain diffusion tensor imaging structural connectomes. An independent dataset of 47 patients with TLE from 3 other epilepsy centers was used to assess the predictive values of each model and regional anatomical contributions toward surgical treatment results.ResultsThe receiver operating characteristic area under the curve based on regional betweenness centrality was 0.88, significantly higher than a random model or models based on gray matter volumes, degree, strength, and clustering coefficient. Nodes most strongly contributing to the predictive models involved the bilateral parahippocampal gyri, as well as the superior temporal gyri.InterpretationNetwork integration in the medial and lateral temporal regions was related to surgical outcomes. Patients with abnormally integrated structural network nodes were less likely to achieve seizure freedom. These findings are in line with previous observations related to network abnormalities in TLE and expand on the notion of underlying aberrant plasticity. Our findings provide additional information on the mechanisms of surgical refractoriness. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:970–983