bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Richness, Diversity And Evenness Of Birds In Small Island
Authors: Latumahina F S , Mardiatmoko G , Sahusilawane J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Birds play an important role as bioindicators of climate change. For this reason, it is important to know the species richness, diversity and evenness of birds found on small islands. The location of the study was in Haruku Island Maluku. Bird data collected included all bird species, taking into account certain bird species that are sensitive to environmental changes. Bird data collected by the Line Transect method is to use work lines on rectangular data plots in the specified location. This method was chosen because it can trace the plot area of data in a short time and allow repetition of data collection in one day according to the desired time. This method of analysis is to determine the level of diversity in the form of diversity indices, then to scale up the species abundance and then to calculate the estimated population density. The results of the study found 23 species of birds. There were 2 large families recorded, namely: Family Columbidae of 4 types, and Family Psittacidae as many as 5 types, while the other Family groups only had 2 or 1 types.The overall value of the bird species wealth index in 5 data transects is MEDIUM with the value of the Type Wealth Index 3.975863. Then the five Diversity Index of data transects is Medium with the Diversity Index value 2.710911452. Furthermore, the evenness index on five data transects has a fairly good value, which is included in the High Equity Index category with the Evenness Index value of 0.864588 which approaches the number one. From the analysis simulation results, it was found that the temperature aspect, in this case the temperature range at the study location when the data collection did not affect the number of bird species at all, while the estimated altitude aspect has the potential to influence the bird species encounter rate. This condition is quite reasonable because if we look at the data on the number of bird species collected on different transects of data placed in different segment elevations, there seems to be a tendency to increase altitude, so the number of species recorded tends to decrease.
Fatty Acid Profile of Fresh and Processed Shortfin Scad Fish (Decapterus macrosomma)
Authors: Manduapessy K R W , Kaimudin M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fisheries resources in Indonesia, especially in Maluku including small pelagic fish species hold an important role in the daily consumption of the society. Small pelagic fish include fishes that are exist in the sea level such as cob fish (Auxis thazard), skipjack fish (Katsuwonus pelamis), layang fish (Decapterus macrosomma) and others. Chemically, fat is the esters of fatty acids and glycerol. Fats composed by fatty acids consisting of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. The body’s ability to synthesize unsaturated fatty acids with two or double bond is very limited, so these fatty acids must be obtained from food. The purposes of this research are to know the type of fatty acids found in fresh and processed Shortfin scad fish; to know the content of fatty acids found in shortfin scad fish. The method used in this study includes the extraction of fat, then the process of transesterification and observation with GCMS. The results showed Fatty Acid Profiles of Fresh Shortfin scad Fish (Decapterus macrosomma) consisted of myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, lignoceric acid, heptadecanoic acid which are classified as saturated fatty acids, whereas unsaturated fatty acids include palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosanoic acid and oleic acid. Fatty acid profile of processed shortfin scad fish, smoked shortfin scad fish, are myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidict acid, lignoceric acid, behenic acid, pentadecanoic acid, margaric acid, mellisic acid that are classified as saturated fatty acids, while those classified as unsaturated fatty acids are palmitoleic acid, oktadecanoicacid, arachidonic acid and eicosanoic acid.
The Appropriate of Plant Propagation Technology of Yam (Dioscorea alata L) to Reduce Multiplication Ratio
Authors: Walsen A , Polnaya F , Lesilolo M K , Rehatta H , Lawalata I J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Plant propagation of yam (Dioscorea alata L) variety ubi putih is the one of cultivation technology to conserve the plant. Propagation of D.alata can use seed, stem sett, whole tuber, tissue culture, and small sett tuber. The choose of appropriate plant propagation can reduce propagation ratio is the important thing. Although the plant has significant potential aspect, the multiplication ratio is high. Farmers usually use the whole tuber to yield favorable tuber. Using small sett tuber is the appropriate plant propagation. Reducing the multiplication ratio of D.alata is the goal of this study. The research method used two treatment factors namely the weight of tuber cuttings and tuber cuttings part. The weight of tuber cuttings used was 10-15 g; 20-25 g; 30-35 g; 40-45 g; 50-55 g. Tuber cuttings consist of the base, middle, and tail. These treatments are arranged in a two-factor factoriall design. The tuber cuttings were planted with a spacing of 80 cm X 80 cm on beds with an area of 2.40 m 2.40 m, and were repeated three times. Each bed is planted with 16 tuber cuttings. The result shows that the small sett tuber can reduce the multiplication ratio of D.alata. Sett tuber 50-55 g get the highest yield tuber (2158g) and multiplication ratio 0.023.
Modulation of neuronal cell affinity of composite scaffolds based on polyhydroxyalkanoates and bioactive glasses
Authors: Lizarraga-Valderrama Lorena R , Nigmatullin Rinat , Ladino Bryan , Taylor Caroline S , Boccaccini Aldo R , Knowles Jonathan C , Claeyssens Frederik , Haycock John W , Roy Ipsita 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The biocompatibility and neuron regenerating properties of various bioactive glass (BG)/polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) blend composites were assessed in order to study their suitability for peripheral nerve tissue applications, specifically as lumen structures for nerve guidance conduits. BG/PHA blend composites were fabricated using Bioactive glass® 45 S5 (BG1) and BG 1393 (BG2) with the 25:75 poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate/poly3-hydroxybutyrate), 25:75 P(3HO)/P(3HB) blend (PHA blend). Various concentrations of each BG (0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 2.5 wt%) were used to determine the effect of BG on neuronal growth and differentiation, in single culture using NG108-15 neuronal cells and in a co-culture along with RN22 Schwann cells. NG108-15 cells exhibited good growth and differentiation on all the PHA blend composites showing that both BGs have good biocompatibility at 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt% and 2.5 wt% within the PHA blend. The Young’s modulus values displayed by all the PHA blend/BG composites ranged from 385.6 MPa to 1792.6 MPa, which are able to provide the required support and protective effect for the regeneration of peripheral nerves. More specifically, the tensile strength obtained in the PHA blend/BG1 (1.0 wt%) (10.0 ± 0.6 MPa) was found to be similar to that of the rabbit peroneal nerve. This composite also exhibited the best biological performance in supporting growth and neuronal differentiation among all the substrates. The neurite extension on this composite was found to be remarkable with the neurites forming a complex connection network.
A multicentre, pragmatic, cluster randomised, controlled feasibility trial of the POD system of care
Authors: Young John , Green John , Farrin Amanda , Collinson Michelle , Hartley Suzanne , Smith Jane , Teale Elizabeth , Siddiqi Najma , Inouye Sharon K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
to provide a preliminary estimate of the effectiveness of the prevention of delirium (POD) system of care in reducing incident delirium in acute hospital wards and gather data for a future definitive randomised controlled trial.

Design
cluster randomised and controlled feasibility trial.

Setting
sixteen acute care of older people and orthopaedic trauma wards in eight hospitals in England and Wales.

Participants
patients 65 years and over admitted to participating wards during the trial period.

Interventions
participating wards were randomly assigned to either the POD programme or usual care, determined by existing local policies and practices. The POD programme is a manualised multicomponent delirium prevention intervention that targets 10 risk factors for delirium. The intervention wards underwent a 6-month implementation period before trial recruitment commenced. Main outcome measure incidence of new-onset delirium measured using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) measured daily for up to 10 days post consent.

Results
out of 4449, 3274 patients admitted to the wards were eligible. In total, 714 patients consented (713 registered) to the trial, thirty-three participants (4.6%) withdrew. Adherence to the intervention was classified as at least medium for seven wards. Rates of new-onset delirium were lower than expected and did not differ between groups (24 (7.0%) of participants in the intervention group versus 33 (8.9%) in the control group; odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.68 (0.37–1.26); P = 0.2225).

Conclusions
based on these findings, a definitive trial is achievable and would need to recruit 5220 patients in 26 two-ward hospital clusters.
Trial registration: ISRCTN01187372. Registered 13 March 2014.
Continuing the Intervention: Past, Present, and Future Pathways for Native Studies and Early American History
Authors: DeLucia Christine M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
David Silverman offers a critical appraisal of two prizewinning works in Native American and Indigenous studies (NAIS), Our Beloved Kin: A New History of King Philip’s War, by Lisa Brooks, and Memory Lands: King Philip’s War and the Place of Violence in the Northeast, by Christine M. DeLucia. Silverman’s review treats the methodology associated with NAIS with some skepticism, offering the opportunity for a lively discussion about the merits and perils of community-engaged history scholarship. Four scholars of Native American history, including DeLucia, respond, defending new approaches to Indigenous history represented by these recent works.
Legal Principles, Constitutional Principles, and Judicial Review
Authors: Zhou Han-Ru 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Principles form part and parcel of our law and legal discourse, so much so that we seldom think of what they are and what they entail. For centuries they have been invoked daily to interpret and argue about the law. But when it comes to matters of constitutional law, principles are further called upon to perform a perennially controversial function: to help police the boundaries of state action. In most common law jurisdictions with a written constitution, this function of principles runs against the generally accepted view that the exercise of judicial review must ultimately be governed and restricted by the terms of the national constitution. This Article argues that the exercise of judicial review based on principles is not confined to that view, once the relationship between principles and the constitution is unpacked and recontextualized.
While the English-language literature on principles over the past half-century has been dominated by a select group of Anglo-American scholars, there is a wealth of untapped insights from other parts of the world. One of the major contributions by continental legal theorists even predates the earliest modern Anglo-American writings on the subject by more than a decade. Overall, the law literature in common law and civil law systems reveals a significant degree of commonalities in the basic characters of principles despite the absence of initial evidence of transsystemic borrowings. The wider conceptual inquiry also displays a shift in the focus of the debate, from the protracted search for a clear-cut distinction between rules and principles towards a redefinition of principles’ relationship with “written” law, be it in the form of a civil code or a constitutional instrument. From this inquiry reemerge “unwritten” principles not deriving from codified or legislated law although they have been used to develop the law. Translated into the constitutional domain, these unwritten principles bear no logical connection with the terms of the constitution. Their main functions cover the entire spectrum from serving as interpretive aids to making law by filling gaps. The theoretical framework fits with an ongoing four-century-old narrative of the evolution of constitutional principles and judicial review across most common law-based systems. Constitutional principles are another area where Anglo-American law and legal discourse is less exceptional and more universal than what many assume. Throughout modern Western history, legal battles have been fought and ensuing developments have been made on the grounds of principles. Our law and jurisprudence remain based on them.
The Burden of Placental Histopathology in Stillbirths Associated With Maternal Obesity
Authors: Avagliano Laura , Monari Francesca , Po’ Gaia , Salerno Cristina , Mascherpa Margaret , Maiorana Antonino , Facchinetti Fabio , Bulfamante Gaetano Pietro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Obesity is an increasing health problem that has become a common medical disorder among women of childbearing age, representing worldwide a risk factor for stillbirth. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between placental histopathologic findings and obesity in stillbirth.

Methods
Placentas were analyzed according to the Amsterdam consensus statement. Histologic findings in stillbirth from obese and lean mothers were analyzed and compared with those observed in liveborn controls.

Results
Stillbirth in obese mothers displayed placental pathology in all gestational ages, mostly at term of pregnancy. The most observed placental lesions were those consistent with maternal vascular malperfusion of the placental bed. Decidual arteriopathy and placental infarcts appeared specifically associated with maternal obesity. Moreover, obese women with stillbirth showed the highest cumulative number of placental lesions.

Conclusions
Considering the significant association between stillbirth, maternal obesity, and placental histopathologic findings, health care providers should be aware about the importance of placental examination in obese women, especially in stillborn cases. The high prevalence of lesions consistent with vascular malperfusion of the placental bed suggests that stillbirth prevention strategies in obese women should rely on the development of tools to study and improve decidual artery functioning early in pregnancy.
cDNA-Based Mutation Screening Using a Combination of High-Resolution Melting Curve and Fragment Analysis Facilitates Efficient CCR4 Mutation Analysis in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
Authors: Mizuta Shumpei , Yamane Noriko , Mononobe Saya , Komai Takao , Koba Yusuke , Kawata Takahito , Ukyo Naoya , Tamekane Akira , Watanabe Mitsumasa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) proteins are expressed on the neoplastic cells of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). As the mutation status of CCR4 gene is reported to correlate with significant clinical information such as prognosis and response to mogamulizumab, we aimed to establish a screening method that is suitable for clinical laboratory tests.

Methods
In 34 patients with ATLL, CCR4 mutation analysis, high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, fragment analysis, and direct sequencing were performed using both genomic DNA and complementary DNA (cDNA). Furthermore, 38 cases of asymptomatic carriers of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) were screened for CCR4 mutation.

Results
Mutation analysis by direct sequencing of 34 ATLL clinical samples detected CCR4 mutation in four genomic DNA samples and seven cDNA samples, and two novel mutations were identified. All CCR4 mutations detected by direct sequencing were positive for HRM analysis and/or fragment analysis. CCR4 mutation was not detected in the asymptomatic carriers of HTLV-1.

Conclusions
CCR4 mutation screening by a combination of HRM and fragment analysis using cDNA is a simple and practical method, and it will contribute to better decision making for a therapeutic strategy, providing a rapid CCR4 mutational status to clinicians.
Snowfall, Temperature, and the Risk of Death From Myocardial Infarction: A Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Gan Wen Qi , Henderson Sarah B , Mckee Geoffrey , Yuchi Weiran , McLean Kathleen E , Hong Kris Y , Auger Nathalie , Kosatsky Tom 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Previous research has associated snowfall with risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Most studies have been conducted in regions with harsh winters; it remains unclear whether snowfall is associated with risk of MI in regions with milder or more varied climates. A case-crossover design was used to investigate the association between snowfall and death from MI in British Columbia, Canada. Deaths from MI among British Columbia residents between October 15 and March 31 from 2009 to 2017 were identified. The day of each death from MI was treated as the case day, and each case day was matched to control days drawn from the same day of the week during the same month. Daily snowfall amount was assigned to case and control days at the residential address, using weather stations within 15 km of the residence and 100 m in elevation. In total, 3,300 MI case days were matched to 10,441 control days. Compared with days that had no snowfall, odds of death from MI increased 34% (95% confidence interval: 0%, 80%) on days with heavy snowfall (≥5 cm). In stratified analysis of deaths from MI as a function of both maximum temperature and snowfall, risk was significantly increased on snowfall days when the temperature was warmer.
ProCaff: protein–carbohydrate complex binding affinity database
Authors: Siva Shanmugam N R , Jino Blessy J , Veluraja K , Michael Gromiha M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Protein–carbohydrate interactions perform several cellular and biological functions and their structure and function are mainly dictated by their binding affinity. Although plenty of experimental data on binding affinity are available, there is no reliable and comprehensive database in the literature.

Results
We have developed a database on binding affinity of protein–carbohydrate complexes, ProCaff, which contains 3122 entries on dissociation constant (Kd), Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), experimental conditions, sequence, structure and literature information. Additional features include the options to search, display, visualization, download and upload the data.

Availability and implementation
The database is freely available at http://web.iitm.ac.in/bioinfo2/procaff/. The website is implemented using HTML and PHP and supports recent versions of major browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, IE10 and Opera.

Contact
gromiha@iitm.ac.in

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Within-day temporal isolation of two species of Iris (Iridaceae) sharing the same pollinator
Authors: Liu Rong , Gao Yike , Fan Zhuping , Wang Xinzi , Xiao Jianhua , Zhang Qixiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKnowledge of factors driving reproductive isolation is essential to understand the process of speciation. To study the reproductive isolation of two closely related species with overlapping flowering seasons, Iris domestica and Iris dichotoma, we compared their reproductive system, floral biology and pollination biology. The results indicated that I. domestica was facultatively xenogamous, whereas I. dichotoma was facultatively autogamous. Although the two species differed significantly in floral colour, floral diameter, floral structure, nectar volume, flower opening and closing times, they shared the same diurnal pollinator, the honeybee Apis cerana. The frequency of pollination by A. cerana did not differ significantly between the two species, but honeybee pollination of I. domestica was more efficient compared with that of I. dichotoma. Despite the difference in floral structure between the two species, both species deposited pollen on the same parts of the body of honeybees. The temporal partitioning of within-day flowering times between I. domestica (from 07.15 to 08.15 h to 18.00 to 19.00 h) and I. dichotoma (from 15.45 to 16.15 h to 22.00 to 23.00 h), together with the time memory of honeybees, meant that the two species did not overlap in the time of their pollination, thus leading to temporal isolation as a major driver of reproductive isolation between the two species.
Knockout of mouse receptor accessory protein 6 leads to sperm function and morphology defects†
Authors: Devlin Darius J , Agrawal Zaneveld Smriti , Nozawa Kaori , Han Xiao , Moye Abigail R , Liang Qingnan , Harnish Jacob Michael , Matzuk Martin M , Chen Rui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReceptor accessory protein 6 (REEP6) is a member of the REEP/Ypt-interacting protein family that we recently identified as essential for normal endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and protein trafficking in the retina of mice and humans. Interestingly, in addition to the loss of REEP6 in our knockout (KO) mouse model recapitulating the retinal degeneration of humans with REEP6 mutations causing retinitis pigmentosa (RP), we also found that male mice are sterile. Herein, we characterize the infertility caused by loss of Reep6. Expression of both Reep6 mRNA transcripts is present in the testis; however, isoform 1 becomes overexpressed during spermiogenesis. In vitro fertilization assays reveal that Reep6 KO spermatozoa are able to bind the zona pellucida but are only able to fertilize oocytes lacking the zona pellucida. Although spermatogenesis appears normal in KO mice, cauda epididymal spermatozoa have severe motility defects and variable morphological abnormalities, including bent or absent tails. Immunofluorescent staining reveals that REEP6 expression first appears in stage IV tubules within step 15 spermatids, and REEP6 localizes to the connecting piece, midpiece, and annulus of mature spermatozoa. These data reveal an important role for REEP6 in sperm motility and morphology and is the first reported function for a REEP protein in reproductive processes. Additionally, this work identifies a new gene potentially responsible for human infertility and has implications for patients with RP harboring mutations in REEP6.