bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Information Model in Creating the Investment-Construction Project
Authors: Cherkina V M , Shushunova N S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The use of information modeling technology in creating the investment-construction object provides a number of advantages to design, construction and operating organizations. Leading development companies should be transformed into a kind of IT-structure. In this regard, construction companies that develop their own strategies for switching to digital technologies and generate digital assets should, first of all, create the basis for their functioning - the integrated information model of the object - the BIM model. The latter includes all sections of the project and contains reliable and relevant information about the existing physical object. The concrete examples in this article show the results of the successful implementation of this approach in relation to capital construction projects of varying complexity.
Disorders of the Green Roof of the Pool Lucenice
Authors: Dědič Martin , Kaňkovský Aleš 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The main objective of the article is to inform about the construction-technical survey, which focuses on the existing roofing of a pool area. The pool area is a separate object annexed to the historic farmhouse dating from the mid-19th century. Roofing of the pool area is made of a green roof. The main research issues stem from the building-technical survey focused on the green roof disorders. After detecting the faults, we look for their causes and find out which faults are fatal to the building and which can be easily removed. From the evaluated constructions, we focus primarily on the solution of the green roof in terms of correctly executed roof slope, plating, thermal technical properties of the materials, inherent weight of the structure and execution of individual layers of the composition of the green roof. Furthermore, we focus on determining the compliance of project documentation with the construction. We assess the impact of failures on the structure and operation of the building. In the conclusion we propose measures based on the found failures and possibilities for the solved structure.
Experimental Measurements of Wooden Solid Log Wall
Authors: Kacálek Petr , Petříček Tomáš 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The contribution brings findings accrued from alternative design of log-wall’s lateral joint. The lateral joints present without question a thermal bridge highly repeating in the construction of external log wall. Field of the research was a theoretical design of wall models, simulation in software ANSYS and comparison theoretical results with results gained from the laboratory measurements of wall samples. Bed joints of wooden solid log walls are still a problematic detail in terms of thermal technology. By reason of weakening in the place of lateral joint and the value of coefficient of thermal conductivity, the solid wooden log wall does not meet requirements of Czech Standards ČSN 73 0540-2 posed to the value of wall’s thermal resistance. That is why we have focused on measurement of surface temperature, which is also one of the classified factors in term of construction quality. The project particularly focused on monitoring of surface temperatures in the areas of critical details – bed joints.
Investigating optical properties of Cr:GaN system for various Cr concentrations (A DFT + U study)
Authors: Khan M Junaid Iqbal , Liu Juan , Kanwal Zarfishan , Khan Muhammad Ismail , Usmani M Nauman , Khalid Ata Ur Rahman 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study electronic and optical properties of zincblende GaN doped with various Cr concentrations (3.12%, 6.25%, 9.37%). We conduct the calculations by employing DFT + U in Wien2K code while supercell size (1 × 2 × 2) is kept fixed for all cases. Electronic properties are changed with effect of dopant where 3d levels of dopant and 2p level of N produce p-d hybridization and this hybridization is highly affected by increasing impurity contents. Absorption spectra are blue shifted upon increase in dopant contents and absorption peaks are more pronounced in UV region. Refractive index and dielectric constant shows decrease as Cr concentration increases. Results reported in study indicate that Cr:GaN material may be considered a potential candidate for fabrication of optoelectronic, photonic and spintronic devices.
Atomic force microscopy phase imaging of epitaxial graphene films
Authors: Lavini Francesco , Cellini Filippo , Rejhon Martin , Kunc Jan , Berger Claire , de Heer Walt , Riedo Elisa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dynamic mode atomic force microscopy phase imaging is known to produce distinct contrast between graphene areas of different atomic thickness. But the intrinsic complexity of the processes controlling the tip motion and the phase angle shift excludes its use as an independent technique for a quantitative type of analysis. By investigating the relationship between the phase shift, the tip-surface interaction, and the thickness of the epitaxial graphene areas grown on silicon carbide, we shed light on the origin of such phase contrast, and on the complex energy dissipation processes underlying phase imaging. In particular, we study the behavior of phase shift and energy dissipation when imaging the interfacial buffer layer, single-layer, and bilayer graphene regions as a function of the tip-surface separation and the interaction forces. Finally, we compare these results with those obtained on differently-grown quasi free standing single- and bilayer graphene samples.
Framelet pooling aided deep learning network: the method to process high dimensional medical data
Authors: Hyun Chang Min , Kim Kang Cheol , Cho Hyun Cheol , Choi Jae Kyu , Seo Jin Keun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Machine learning-based analysis of medical images often faces several hurdles, such as the lack of training data, the curse of the dimensionality problem, and generalization issues. One of the main difficulties is that there exists a computational cost problem in dealing with input data of large size matrices which represent medical images. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a framelet-pooling aided deep learning method for mitigating computational bundles caused by large dimensionality. By transforming high dimensional data into low dimensional components by filter banks and preserving detailed information, the proposed method aims to reduce the complexity of the neural network and computational costs significantly during the learning process. Various experiments show that our method is comparable to the standard unreduced learning method, while reducing computational burdens by decomposing large-sized learning tasks into several small-scale learning tasks.
Fiction and Emotion: The Puzzle of Divergent Norms
Authors: Friend Stacie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A familiar question in the literature on emotional responses to fiction, originally put forward by Colin Radford, is how such responses can be rational. How can we make sense of pitying Anna Karenina when we know there is no such person? In this paper I argue that contrary to the usual interpretation, the question of rationality has nothing to do with the Paradox of Fiction. Instead, the real problem is why there is a divergence in our normative assessments of emotions in different contexts. I argue that explaining this divergence requires a more nuanced account of the rationality of emotion than has previously been proposed. One advantage of my proposal over alternatives is that it helps to explain one way we can learn emotionally from fiction and imagination.
Evaluation of an Occupational Safety and Health Training for Cannabis Cultivation Workers
Authors: Brown Carol E , Shore Erin , Van Dyke Mike V , Scott Joshua , Smith Roberta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
As the commercial cannabis industry grows, there is an increased need to characterize potentially hazardous workplace exposures and provide training to workers to mitigate these exposures with the goal of reducing accidents and injuries from cannabis cultivation, processing, and manufacturing. Public health and safety stakeholders in Colorado developed a worker-focused training designed to improve hazard awareness, recognition, and controls related to commercial cannabis cultivation. This paper describes the evaluation of this training.

Methods
The training was a full day, in-person educational experience directed to workers in the cannabis cultivation industry. Training topics included an overview of occupational safety and health hazards, chemical exposures, slip, trips, and falls, repetitive motion, the application of the hierarchy of control including lockout/tagout, machine guarding, personal protective equipment, among others. Evaluation surveys assessed attendee demographics, perceived job hazards, confidence to change workplace practices, knowledge, training relevancy and quality, intent to change behavior, as well as barriers and resources.

Results
A total of 208 people attended the safety trainings. One hundred and thirty-four participants (64%) completed the pre-training survey and 107 (51%) completed the post-training survey. Respondents provided high ratings for the quality and relevance of the training, with 91.3% of respondents rating the training very good or excellent. Before the training, the attendees listed their most concerning safety and health issues as exposure to pesticides and other chemicals (65.7%), absorbing chemicals through the skin (56.7%), slips, trips, and falls (52.2%), and respiratory hazards (50.7%). After the training, they reported the most concerning hazards to be slips, trips, and fall hazards (65.4%), ergonomic problems (64.5%), and respiratory issues (61.7%). There was a statistically non-significant increase in knowledge scores from 67.1% correct to 76.0% correct. Finally, 88.5% of respondents felt extremely or very confident that they could change their own health and safety practices at work.

Conclusions
The training successfully reached cannabis employees in cultivation, compliance, and management. Survey respondents felt that the training was of high quality and addressed gaps in their knowledge related to safety and health hazards in the cannabis industry. The workplace safety and health concerns shifted from pre- to post-training. There was a statistically non-significant increase in knowledge. Additional follow-up of training attendees would be beneficial to measure sustained impact of training.
Characterization and Quantification of Ultrafine Particles and Carbonaceous Components from Occupational Exposures to Diesel Particulate Matter in Selected Workplaces
Authors: da Silveira Fleck Alan , Catto Cyril , L’Espérance Gilles , Masse Jean-Philippe , Roberge Brigitte , Debia Maximilien 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Questions still exist regarding which indicator better estimates worker’s exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) and, especially for ultrafine particles (UFP), how exposure levels and the characteristics of the particles vary in workplaces with different exposure conditions. This study aimed to quantify and characterize DPM exposures in three workplaces with different exposure levels: an underground mine, a subway tunnel, and a truck repair workshop. The same sampling strategy was used and included measurements of the particle number concentration (PNC), mass concentration, size distribution, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the characterization of carbonaceous fractions. The highest geometric means (GMs) of PNC and elemental carbon (EC) were measured in the mine [134 000 (geometric standard deviation, GSD = 1.5) particles cm−3 and 125 (GSD = 2.1) µg m−3], followed by the tunnel [32 800 (GSD = 1.7) particles cm−3 and 24.7 (GSD = 2.4) µg m−3], and the truck workshop [22 700 (GSD = 1.3) particles cm−3 and 2.7 (GSD = 2.4) µg m−3]. This gradient of exposure was also observed for total carbon (TC) and particulate matter. The TC/EC ratio was 1.4 in the mine, 2.5 in the tunnel and 8.7 in the workshop, indicating important organic carbon interference in the non-mining workplaces. EC and PNC were strongly correlated in the tunnel (r = 0.85; P &lt; 0.01) and the workshop (r = 0.91; P &lt; 0.001), but a moderate correlation was observed in the mine (r = 0.57; P &lt; 0.05). Results from TEM showed individual carbon spheres between 10 and 56.5 nm organized in agglomerates, while results from the size distribution profiles showed bimodal distributions with a larger accumulation mode in the mine (93 nm) compared with the tunnel (39 nm) and the truck workshop (34 nm). In conclusion, the composition of the carbonaceous fraction varies according to the workplace, and can interfere with DPM estimation when TC is used as indicator. Also, the dominance of particles &lt;100 nm in all workplaces, the high levels of PNC measured and the good correlation with EC suggest that UFP exposures should receive more attention on occupational routine measurements and regulations.
Exposure to Solar UV During Outdoor Construction Work in Britain
Authors: Cherrie John W , Nioi Amanda , Wendelboe-Nelson Charlotte , Cowan Sue , Cherrie Mark , Rashid Shahzad , Cowie Hilary , Ritchie Peter , Lansdown Terry C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun in summer can cause skin cancer and in Britain there are around 1500 new cases of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) each year, caused by exposure to solar UV at work. Little is known about the magnitude of UV exposure amongst outdoor construction workers in Britain, although this is one of the main groups at risk. The aim of this paper is to summarise measurements of erythema-weighted UVB radiation amongst construction workers in Scotland and the Southeast of England and interpret the data in terms of the risk of NMSC. The measurements were made as part of an intervention study using short mobile phone text messages to alter worker behaviour to either reduce UV exposure in summer or increase serum vitamin D in winter; the intervention is only briefly reported here. Data were collected from 67 workers from 9 worksites, of whom 41 provided measures of UV exposure for 758 working days. Daily exposure ranged from 0 to 13.47 standard erythema dose (SED), with the mean exposure for outdoor workers being 2.0 SED and the corresponding value for indoor workers being 0.7 SED. These data were obtained from a sensor located on the back of the workers hard hat; others have measured exposure on the wrist or upper arm and these locations probably, on average, have higher levels of UV exposure. It is likely that an outdoor construction worker in Britain could accumulate sufficient solar UV exposure over 30–40 years of work to more than double their risk of NMSC. We argue that employers in Britain should take a more proactive approach to manage sun safety and they should take responsibility for skin health surveillance for their workers.
Ensemble estimation and variable selection with semiparametric regression models
Authors: Shin Sunyoung , Liu Yufeng , Cole Stephen R , Fine Jason P 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWe consider scenarios in which the likelihood function for a semiparametric regression model factors into separate components, with an efficient estimator of the regression parameter available for each component. An optimal weighted combination of the component estimators, named an ensemble estimator, may be employed as an overall estimate of the regression parameter, and may be fully efficient under uncorrelatedness conditions. This approach is useful when the full likelihood function may be difficult to maximize, but the components are easy to maximize. It covers settings where the nuisance parameter may be estimated at different rates in the component likelihoods. As a motivating example we consider proportional hazards regression with prospective doubly censored data, in which the likelihood factors into a current status data likelihood and a left-truncated right-censored data likelihood. Variable selection is important in such regression modelling, but the applicability of existing techniques is unclear in the ensemble approach. We propose ensemble variable selection using the least squares approximation technique on the unpenalized ensemble estimator, followed by ensemble re-estimation under the selected model. The resulting estimator has the oracle property such that the set of nonzero parameters is successfully recovered and the semiparametric efficiency bound is achieved for this parameter set. Simulations show that the proposed method performs well relative to alternative approaches. Analysis of an AIDS cohort study illustrates the practical utility of the method.
Political Climate, Voter Suppression Policies and Federal Sentencing Outcomes
Authors: Nowacki Jeffrey S , Creech Danielle , Parks Megan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany states in the United States have recently implemented voter suppression policies, which make voting more difficult, particularly for members of marginalized populations (e.g. non-white and female voters). In this article, we examine how these policies and other measures of political climate influence criminal sentencing in US district courts. Using 2015 data from the US Sentencing Commission, alongside other district-level measures, we find both direct and conditioning relationships between political climate and extra-legal variables. Specifically, we find that, while voter suppression policies do not directly affect sentence length, racial threat effects are enhanced in districts governed by such policies. Conversely, districts without such policies see larger mitigating effects at high levels of ethnic diversity and gender equality.
Ultrasound Stimulation Suppresses LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Responses by Regulating NF-κB and CREB Activation in Microglial Cells
Authors: Chang Jia-Wei , Wu Meng-Ting , Song Wen-Shin , Yang Feng-Yi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. BV-2 microglia subjected to LPS administration (1 μg/mL) were treated with LIPUS stimulation. The levels of inflammatory mediators and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were quantified using the western blot. The results showed that LIPUS stimulation promoted the associated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/BDNF expression in the LPS-treated microglia. Meanwhile, LIPUS treatment effectively suppressed the LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 in the microglial cells, in addition to inhibiting the LPS-induced expressions of toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88, as well as the LPS-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and nuclear factor kappa B. Furthermore, LIPUS significantly decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the microglia following LPS treatment. Our data indicated that LIPUS attenuated the proinflammatory responses as well as the decline in BDNF in LPS-treated microglia. This study provides a better understanding of how LIPUS stimulation regulates anti-inflammatory actions in microglia, providing further evidence suggesting that such stimulation may be regarded as a novel strategy for the treatment of neuroinflammation.
Is the Amiloride-Sensitive Na+ Channel in Taste Cells Really ENaC?
Authors: Vandenbeuch Aurelie , Kinnamon Sue C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Among the 5 taste qualities, salt is the least understood. The receptors, their expression pattern in taste cells, and the transduction mechanisms for salt taste are still unclear. Previous studies have suggested that low concentrations of NaCl are detected by the amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), which in other systems requires assembly of 3 homologous subunits (α, β, and γ) to form a functional channel. However, a new study from Lossow and colleagues, published in this issue of Chemical Senses, challenges that hypothesis by examining expression levels of the 3 ENaC subunits in individual taste cells using gene-targeted mice in combination with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results show a lack of colocalization of ENaC subunits in taste cells as well as expression of subunits in taste cells that show no amiloride sensitivity. These new results question the molecular identity of the amiloride-sensitive Na+ conductance in taste cells.
Frequency and Predictors of Tenofovir-diphosphate Detection Among Young Kenyan Women in a Real-world Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Implementation Program
Authors: Pintye Jillian , Kinuthia John , Abuna Felix , Mugwanya Kenneth , Lagat Harison , Dettinger Julia C , Odinga Daniel , Sila Joseph , Anderson Peter L , John-Stewart Grace , Baeten Jared M 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn a pre-exposure prophylaxis program for Kenyan women, we detected tenofovir-diphosphate in 61% (125/201) of randomly selected dried blood spots collected at the first follow-up visit. Tenofovir-diphosphate was detected more frequently among women who had partners living with human immunodeficiency virus, who were not pregnant, and who were ≥24 years.
Advances in Diagnosis of Progressive Pulmonary and Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Kassis Christelle , Durkin Michelle , Holbrook Eric , Myers Robert , Wheat Lawrence 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Antibody detection is the main method for diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis, but it has limitations. The Coccidioides antigen enzyme immunoassay is recommended for testing cerebrospinal fluid in suspected meningitis. Reports on urine and serum antigen detection evaluated small numbers of patients who were mostly immunocompromised. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of combined antibody and antigen detection for diagnosis.

Methods
A retrospective study, including all patients in whom Coccidioides antigen detection in serum was performed between January 2013 and May 2017, was conducted at Valleywise Health Medical Center (formerly Maricopa Integrated Health System). Sensitivity and specificity of antigen and antibody were evaluated in 158 cases and 487 controls.

Results
The sensitivity of antibody detection by immunodiffusion (ID) was 84.2%. The sensitivity of antigen detection was 57.0% if both urine and serum were tested and 36.7% if urine alone was tested. The sensitivity of combining antigen and ID antibody detection was 93.0%. The sensitivity of urine and serum antigen detection was 55.4% in proven and 58.7% in probable cases, 79.1% in disseminated and 41.6% in pulmonary cases, and 74.7% in immunocompromised and 40.0% in immunocompetent patients. Specificity was 99.4% for antigen detection and 96.5% for ID antibody detection. Diagnostic accuracy was 95.4% for ID antibody and antigen detection, 93.6% for ID antibody alone, and 89.1% for pathology or culture.

Conclusions
These findings support combined antibody and antigen detection for diagnosis of progressive coccidioidomycosis. The diagnosis may have been missed if antigen detection was not performed.