bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial Exploitation Vulnerability and Social Isolation in Older Adults: Results From a Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Gimm Gilbert , Beach Scott 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of socially isolated older adult participants in a survey funded by National Institute of Aging (NIA), and the association of social isolation with financial exploitation (FE) vulnerability. METHODS: Baseline data were collected from 528 participants (age 60+ years) and recruited from two regions. Assessments included a detailed cognitive battery and an array of self-report measures including socio-demographic and psychosocial variables. Social isolation was measured with the Friendship Scale (Hawthorne, 2006). Participants also read six randomly ordered “scam” scenarios (investment opportunity; Medicare phishing and prescription drug fraud; health product; sweepstakes; telemarketing) and provided credibility ratings for each (1 = Not at all credible; 10 = Extremely credible). Ratings are coded “0” (credibility rating 1); “1” (ratings 2-4); “2” (ratings 5-10) and summed, with total FE “vulnerability” scores ranging from 0-12. RESULTS: Preliminary results showed the prevalence of social isolation was 12.5% overall. Social isolation was higher for males (17.4% vs. 9.8%, p&lt;.05); single / never married (28.7% vs. 12.5%, p&lt;.01); and those in the lowest household income (under $10,000) category (28.3% vs. 12.5%, p&lt;.05). However, we did not find evidence that social isolation varied significantly by race or educational attainment. FE vulnerability risk was higher for socially isolated older adults (2.44 vs. 1.44, p&lt;.001) compared to non-isolated participants. CONCLUSION: Social isolation is associated with FE vulnerability. Therefore, identifying the prevalence and characteristics of socially isolated older adults is needed to improve the targeting of interventions for those at greater risk of FE vulnerability.
Self-Rated Health Status as a Predictor of Executive Function in Older Latinos
Authors: Guzman Jacqueline , Soto Yuliana , Marquez David , Aguinaga Susan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Latinos have high risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). Self-rated health (SRH) has been used to predict cognitive decline. Early detection of executive function changes may help identify those at higher risk of cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between SRH and executive function in Latinos. Latinos (N=333, 84.4% female, Mage= 64.9 ± 7.08) from the BAILA randomized controlled trial self-rated their health as 1) poor/fair, 2) good, and 3) very good/excellent. Executive function was assessed by the Trail-making B, Verbal Fluency, Stroop C & CW, and the Digit Modality tests and stratified by SRH. One-way analysis of variance showed that the effect of SRH was significant for Trails B, F(2,298)=4.01, p=.019 and Stroop CW, F(2,298)=3.07, p=.048. Tukey’s test indicated that participants who rated their health as fair/poor took longer to complete Trails B (M=196.78±83.0 seconds) compared to those who rated their health as good (M=185.25 ± 85.1 seconds) and very good/excellent (M=149.25±95.3 seconds). Stroop CW results demonstrated that those in the fair/poor health category scored lower (M=17.22±6.6) than those in good (M=19.70±8.5 words/minutes) and very good/excellent health categories (M=18.73±8.2 words/minute). In sum, the results suggest SRH is related to executive function such that lower categories of SRH are indicative of poorer executive function. SRH might be used as a proxy for executive function and as a tool that community leaders can use to identify individuals at high risk of ADRD in need of behavioral interventions.
Sociodemographic Disadvantage, Living With a Smoker, and Health Risk Behaviors in Middle-Aged and Older Women
Authors: Holahan Carole , Holahan Charles , Lim Sangdon , Chen Yen , Powers Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sociodemographic disadvantage places individuals at risk for an unhealthy lifestyle (Kushi et al., 2012; Shanker et al., 2010), as well as for exposure to second-hand household smoke (Gan et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2012). However, the role of living with a smoker in the association between sociodemographic status and health behavior is unstudied. This study investigated the role of living with a smoker in partially explaining the link between sociodemographic disadvantage and physical inactivity and poor dietary behaviors. The study used limited access data from the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study obtained from NHLBI. Participants were 83,597 women ranging in age from 49 to 81; 6038 participants lived with a smoker. Cross-sectional logistic regression analyses examined paths in the models; bias-corrected bootstrapped confidence intervals tested indirect effects in probit analyses. Analyses controlled for age, ethnicity, marital status, and participants’ current smoking status. Results demonstrated a significant association (p &lt; .001) between sociodemographic disadvantage (composite of low education and low income) and living with a smoker (OR = 1.74). The unstandardized indirect effects (CIs are in brackets) from sociodemographic disadvantage through living with a smoker to no exercise, no walking, high percent dietary fat, and low servings of fruits and vegetables through living with a smoker were statistically significant (.023 [.019, .028], .026 [.023, .033], .041 [.037, .047], and .032 [.027, .036], respectively). These findings illustrate the need to address multiple non-smoking health risk behaviors in household smoking interventions for disadvantaged families. This project was supported by the NIH/NCI (R03CA215947).
The Association Between Discrimination and Self-Mastery in U.S. Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Zhang Mailun , Li Mengting , Dong XinQi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Perceived discrimination related to one’s racial/ethnic membership has been linked to negative impact on the health and wellbeing of minority populations. While the anti-Chinese sentiment in the US dates to the 19th century, discrimination experienced by this population and its impact has been poorly understood. Self-mastery is a protective psychological resource reflecting one’s ability to cope with stressors. This study examines the interaction between discrimination and self-mastery among 3,157 US Chinese older adults. Data were obtained from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) collected between 2011 and 2013. Self-mastery was measured using the Pearlin Mastery Scale. Discrimination was measured using the Experiences of Discrimination instrument. Linear regression was used. Discrimination experiences were found common (21.3%) among the US Chinese older adults. Younger age, male gender, higher levels of education, higher income, being married, more children, and fewer medical comorbidities were associated with a higher sense of self-mastery. After controlling for these potential confounders, discrimination experiences appeared to be significantly associated with lower self-mastery. Specifically, people who have experienced discrimination when getting hired (Beta [B]=-4.47,Standard Error [SE]=1.04, p&lt;0.01), in working environment (B=-1.13,SE=0.52, p&lt;0.05), getting health care (B=-3.45,SE=0.85, p&lt;0.01), getting services in a store or restaurant (B=-2.12,SE=0.78, p&lt;0.01), getting credit, bank loans, or a mortgage (B=-6.86,SE=2.83, p&lt;0.05) and interacting with police or in the courts (B=-4.15,SE=1.48, p&lt;0.01) were associated with lower levels of self-mastery. The findings suggested that discrimination experiences might be harmful by diminishing one’s protective coping mechanism, which warrants longitudinal studies among minority aging populations to clarify.
Family Value Matters: Intergenerational Solidarity and Life Satisfaction of Chinese Older Migrants
Authors: Yao Jun , Zhang Li , Lu Peiyi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The number of older adults who migrate due to family reasons has been increasing rapidly in China in the past decade. However, few empirical studies have focused on this group. This study focused on them and explored the association of intergenerational solidarity with older migrants’ life satisfaction when they were adapting to the new environment. We surveyed 340 older adults who migrated to Nanjing with their children either to help care for the grandchildren or enjoy retirement life. Respondents were recruited from the community. Structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the associations among intergenerational solidarity, loneliness, aging perception, and life satisfaction. Results showed intergenerational solidarity was negatively correlated with loneliness (r=-0.304) but positively correlated with life satisfaction (r=0.386). Loneliness was linked to lower life satisfaction(r=-0.517). Path analyses showed that loneliness played a partial mediation role on the relationship of intergenerational solidarity and life satisfaction. Aging perception negatively moderated the association between intergenerational solidarity and loneliness, and also negatively moderated the mediating effect of loneliness on intergenerational solidarity and life satisfaction. It is concluded family values played important roles in Chinese older migrants’ mental health. When they migrate to a new city, intergenerational solidarity can help ease their loneliness and subsequently improve their life satisfaction, which finally help them adapt to the new environment. Positive perception towards aging also helps improve their well-being after migration. Based on these findings, we suggest practitioners design education program to promote family values among the family with older migrants.
Grandparenting and the Receipt of Filial Piety From Adult Children in Chinese American Families
Authors: Kim Jeung Hyun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current study explores the association between grandparent caregiving by Chinese American elders and their perceived receipt of filial support from their adult children, called filial piety (xiao). Many studies find a correlation between grandparent caregiving and filial behaviors from their adult children, which is notably higher among minority families, especially among Asians than among white families, stimulated by the norm of reciprocity, familism, and extended kinship. Drawing from the theory of intergenerational relationships, social exchange theory, and the role theory, this study questions whether a more active engagement in grandparenting renders higher levels of filial piety returns from adult children. It uses the PINE data, a survey on the wellbeing of Chinese American elders in Chicago. The results show that more hours of grandparent caregiving relate to higher returns of filial piety perceived by older parents. Correspondingly, though with a marginal significance, more pressures to take care of a grandchild from adult children reduce the elders’ perception of filial piety receipt. No interaction effect is found between the grandparenting hours and the pressure from adult children. Additionally, Chinese American elders possessing higher levels of education, mastery, and longer stays in the US perceive lower levels of filial piety receipt from adult children. Discussion will focus on how grandparent caregiving can be mutually beneficial and strengthen intergenerational relationships among Chinese American families.
The Effects of Transitions in Caregiving and Changes in Social Participation on Old Adults’ Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Zhao Xinyi , Liu Huiying , Zhang Quan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transitioning into spousal caregiving, changes in social participation, and their interactions on depressive symptoms among community dwelling old adults over time. Methods: The samples included old adults who were non-caregivers at 2011 baseline of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and joined the follow-up surveys in 2013 and 2015. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to analyze the effects of caregiving transitions (transitioning into low-intensity or high-intensity caregivers versus the non-caregivers) and changes in social engagement on the depressive symptoms over time. Results: The results showed that old adults who transitioned into spousal caregiving over a 4-year period reported more depressive symptoms than those remained non-caregivers. Old adults who continued or increased social participation reported fewer depressive symptoms than those without social participation. Individuals who continued social participation during the transitions into high-intensity caregiving showed less severe elevated depressive symptoms than their counterparts who did not engage in social participation. Conclusion: The results highlighted that continuous social participation might be a protective factor for old adults against negative psychological outcomes during the transition to high-intensive caregiving.
Spousal Loss and Cognitive Functioning: Do Pre-Loss Marital Quality and Gender Matter?
Authors: Min Joohong , Song Jieun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prior research has found that the risk of cognitive decline increases after the death of a spouse. In general, the impact of life transitions is contingent on contextual factors such as socio-demographic characteristics or relationship quality. However, there is limited research on how marital quality before spousal loss and gender influence the association between spousal loss and cognitive change. The current study examines the effects of spousal loss on change in cognitive functioning as well as the moderating effects of pre-loss marital quality and gender. Data from two waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study were analyzed (MIDUS2: 2004-05, MIDUS3: 2013-14). The analytic sample consists of two groups: (1) 179 bereaved adults who were age 54 or older at MIDUS2 (M = 65.2, SD = 9.5) and whose spouses died between MIDUS2 and MIDUS3, and (2) 179 non-bereaved adults, matched with the bereaved group on age and gender, who did not experience spousal loss between the two waves. Cognitive function was assessed via BTACT (Brief Telephone Adult Cognition Test) at both waves. Regression results show that both pre-loss marital quality and gender significantly moderate the association between spousal loss and change in cognitive functioning. Specifically, relative to their counterparts, men and those who reported better marital relationships prior to spousal death had a greater risk of cognitive decline after a spouse’s death. The findings suggest the significance of pre-loss marital quality and gender for cognitive changes in widowhood and have implications for the development of efficient interventions
The Reminiscence Bump Effect in Autobiographies
Authors: Benz Hannah , Pierce Thomas , Flood Grace 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The reminiscence bump effect refers to the tendency for older adults to recall more life events from their late teens through early thirties than from other periods of life. Participants in laboratory studies are often encouraged to recall events quickly and spontaneously, with the intention of eliciting those life events that come most easily to mind. The purpose of this study was to determine if a reminiscence bump effect is observed in accounts of life events that are carefully organized and narrated over prolonged periods of time; specifically, those presented in published autobiographies. 1911 life events were collected from the autobiographies of 16 authors. Four authors were female and 12 were male. The mean age of authors at the time of publication was 65.88 (SD = 13.94). 45.52% of life events reported in autobiographies occurred when authors were between 18 and 32 years of age, a value significantly higher than expected by chance [Chi-square (1, N = 1911) = 457.70, p &lt; .001] and consistent with those found in laboratory studies supporting the reminiscence bump effect (e.g., Rubin, Wetzler, & Nebes, 1986). In addition, the 15-year reminiscence bump period represented an average of 22.77% of the authors’ lives at the time they published their autobiography; however, events from the reminiscence bump period took up an average of 42.52% of the pages in their autobiographies. These data provide evidence for a reminiscence bump effect in carefully considered life story narratives which required months or years to complete.
Envy and Jealousy of Living-Apart-Together Relationships in Continuing Care Retirement Communities
Authors: Koren Chaya , Ayalon Liat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Moving to a continuing care retirement community (CCRC) and living apart together (LAT) as a repartnering form, represent new late-life beginnings. A larger qualitative study on LAT relationships constructed in the CCRC identified envy and jealousy yet they were not examined in-depth. Envy is wanting something we lack whereas jealousy is fear of losing something that is ours to another. These emotions are rarely explored in the context of older adults’ relationships. Our aim is to examine experiences of envy and jealousy from perspectives of residents aged 79 to 96 and staff, heuristically using Goffman’s framework on (semi)-totalitarian institutions. 30 semi structured qualitative interviews were conducted in three CCRCs in Israel with 10 LAT residents, 10 residents not LAT, and 10 CCRC staff members including social workers. Analysis was conducted based on principles of thematic analysis and triangulation. Findings refer to kinds of envy, ignoring envy, and the development and consequences of jealousy and/or envy related to LAT in the CCRC. Conclusions address how semi-totalitarian CCRC features influence envy and jealousy experiences including implications for assisting social workers, older adults and their family members to adjust to life in the CCRC and assist CCRC management and staff to address possible consequences of envy and jealousy.
Job Satisfaction in the Long-Term Care Workforce: How Ageism Plays a Role
Authors: Hennessa Alex , Gendron Tracey , Cimarolli Verena , Inker Jennifer , Rhodes Annie , Stone Robyn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated that ageism, specifically negative attitudes and behaviors about growing old, can be barriers to delivering high-quality long-term care (LTC), but little is known about how ageism may be related to job satisfaction – an important driver of workforce retention in LTC. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of ageism in job satisfaction in LTC. Our cross-sectional study used data collected from 265 staff members of aging services organizations (e.g. nursing homes, assisted living) representing the continuum of job types in LTC. The study examined the relationship between ageist attitudes (i.e. internalized and relational aging anxiety; affinity for older persons) and ageist behaviors, and job satisfaction when controlling for socio-demographic (i.e. age; gender; ethnicity) and employment-related variables (i.e. years of employment; advanced training in gerontology; direct care vs. managerial position). Results of a regression analysis showed that lower internalized aging anxiety and higher affinity for older people were significantly associated with higher levels of job satisfaction. Findings suggest addressing ageism to improve job satisfaction in LTC and provide some evidence for incorporating ageism screening and training into recruitment and onboarding of staff to enhance job satisfaction and to mitigate turnover.
Continuous Program Evaluation to Foster an Environment that Leads to Student Engagement
Authors: Velazquez Janice 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This presentation explores aspects related to the Gerontology Health Certificate of Achievement program and the progression of their Enrollment Management Plan. It discusses how external forces have influenced changes to the plan during the last five years. Some of the strategies to be addressed are the incorporation of adult education courses to the career path; interdisciplinary collaborations with Health, Theater and Psychology Departments; partnerships with organizations such as American Association Family and Consumer Sciences; Association Gerontology in Higher Education, and private donors. The presenter also covers innovative teaching modalities such as laboratories, research, student club, and online teaching as an attempt to accommodate students’ needs. Lastly, it discusses the incorporation of workforce development data and how it is influenced by national and institutional policies and practices—ultimately creating a healthy environment to promote enrollment growth by strengthening student’s retention and completion. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Community College Interest Group.
Medically Treated Opioid Overdoses Among the U.S. Elderly: Trends and Correlates
Authors: Treitler Peter , Crystal Stephen , Hermida Richard , Miles Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High rates of opioid prescribing and comorbid medical conditions increase risk of overdose among older adults. As the US population ages and the rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) increase in the elderly population, there is a need to characterize trends and correlates of overdose in order to more effectively target policy and practice. Using a ~40% random sample of 2015-2017 Medicare beneficiaries ages 65 and older with Part D pharmacy coverage, this study examined medically treated opioid overdoses among US older adults. The sample included 13-14 million beneficiaries per year. The rate of medically treated opioid overdoses among elderly Medicare beneficiaries increased by 15% from 6 per 10,000 in 2015 to 6.9 per 10,000 in 2017. Those with overdose were disproportionately female (63%), non-Hispanic white (83%), with diagnoses of pain conditions (96%), with diagnoses of major depression (63%), and with high rates of conditions that decrease respiratory reserve such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 13% had co-occurring diagnosed alcohol use disorder, 36% were diagnosed with opioid dependence or abuse, and 12% were diagnosed with hepatitis C. Older individuals with overdose represent a complex mix of risk factors; identifying those most at risk (as well as those who have very low risk, whose pain management may be compromised by overly-rigid interpretation of opioid use guidelines) is key in order to address multiple risks, balancing risk reduction with appropriate pain management.
Current and Future Geriatrics Education Policy Initiatives
Authors: Berg-Weger Marla , Bennett Katherine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Current and future NAGE policy-related activities will be the focus of this presentation. The Geriatric Academic Career Awards (GACAs), which support the career development of junior faculty clinician educators in geriatrics, were reinstituted by HRSA in 2019 after a 13-year absence. We will discuss the role of this award in the broader context of geriatrics education and GWEPs, how GACA awardees have been integrated into NAGE, and the need for expansion of the GACA program to support both the GWEP and geriatric education pipelines. Areas for future NAGE engagement will be focused on advocacy efforts to support: permanent GWEP reauthorization by Congress; expanding current level of $40.737 million to $51 million to enable HRSA to increase the number of GWEPS to further extend their reach; increasing funding for GACA awardees; and strengthening the synergies between the GACA and GWEP programs to support development of future GWEP leadership.