bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of students’ understanding in the systemic improvement by dental treatment after undergraduate clinical training in Japan
Authors: Naruishi Koji , Wada-Mihara Chie , Oishi Keiji , Bando Mika , Ninomiya Masami , Hiroshima Yuka , Kido Jun-ichi , Iwamoto Tsutomu , Yumoto Hiromichi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Undergraduate clinical training is a useful program for dental students to learn clinical skills. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental students who had undergone clinical training understood the clinical significance of dental treatment and its connection to systemic health.Methods: An awareness survey was conducted in dentistry students both before and after undergraduate clinical training. A total of 42 dental students were recruited before clinical training, and 32 dental students responded to the survey. In addition, all of the 42 dental students responded to the survey after clinical training. A total of 53 medical students were recruited as control subjects. Differences between the 2 groups were analyzed using Fisher's exact test.Results: Before clinical training, the percentage of dental students who recognized that periodontal treatment has positive effects on systemic diseases was higher than that of the control. After clinical training, a higher percentage of dental students recognized the positive effects of periodontal treatment on systemic health. A higher percentage of dental students before clinical training recognized the positive effects of prosthetic treatment on geriatric conditions; however, after clinical training no significant differences were found between the dental students and the control when surveyed about the positive effects of periodontal and prosthetic treatment on geriatric conditions.Conclusion: Undergraduate clinical training is useful for improving the students’ understanding of the clinical significance of dental treatment. The results of these surveys suggest that dental education supported by experience contributes to an appreciation of the role of dental treatment.
The ‘Octopus’ Skills Model of a Medical Professional: A Focus Group Discussion
Authors: Malik Samina , Younus Raza , Mahmud Qanita , Fatima Aimen , Jabbar Naila , Nasir Shahbaz Ali , Malik Mikail , Malik Shamir 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effect of p21-activated kinase 1 inhibition on proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma
Authors: Yi Qinghao , Chen Tianze , Zhou Kunlin , Ma Qiang , Sun Zhiyuan , Wang Lei , Wang Renhao , Shi Hengliang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Abnormally expressed the p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are implicated in the development and treatment of glioma. Previous study has reported that PAK1 is expressed in glioma. However, the role and mechanism of PAK1 in glioma progression remain unclear.Methods: Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of PAK1 in human glioma tissues. CCK-8, EdU and colony formation assay were applied to evaluate the effect of PAK1 inhibition on cell proliferation of glioma. The flow cytometry was utilized to examine the cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate of glioma. Wound healing and transwell assay were exploited to investigate the effect of PAK1 inhibition on cell migration and invasion of glioma. The orthotopic xenograft glioma model was established to probe the effect of PAK1 silencing on tumor formation of U87 cell. Results: It was showed that PAK1 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues. Besides, high level of PAK1 was found to be associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients in TCGA database. PAK1 inhibition restrained cell proliferation, arrested cells at G1 phase, and induced cell apoptosis of glioma. PAK1 inhibition suppressed glioma cell migration and invasion. Moreover, knockdown of PAK1 dramatically decreased the protein expressions including MDM2, p38, p-p38, CyclinD1, CDK4, Bcl-2, MMP2, MMP9, Cofilin, while increased the protein levels of p53, Bax, p21 and Cleaved Caspase-3. Finally, orthotopic xenograft glioma model confirmed that silencing of PAK1 repressed the tumor formation of U87 cell transplantation.Conclusion: Our study described that PAK1 inhibition impedes proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells and thus probably as a novel target for glioma therapy.
Minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among 6-23 months children in rural community, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: G/Wold Birhanu , Bitew Shimelash , Bati Temesgen , Demssie Tsegaye 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Lack of dietary diversity especially for children 6-23 months is critical because they require energy and nutrient-dense foods for both physical, mental growth and development. However, in many low-income countries particularly in rural area, at least meeting the minimum dietary diversity standard has been a major challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among 6-23 months children in rural community of Kacha Bira district, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was employed on 623 children aged 6-23 months. Two stages cluster sampling method was conducted to select study population. Pre-tested and interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered and cleaned by Epi data 3.1, then exported to SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 20 for statistical analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was employed using a p-value < 0.25 and < 0.05, respectively. Results: In this study, the day before data collection 46.1% (95% CI: 42.1-50.0) of 6-23 months children were fed on adequately diversified diets. Maternal age 18-24 years [AOR=3.68(95%CI: 1.18, 6.22)], post-natal care follow up [AOR=8.8 (95%CI: 5.17, 14.98)], children 6-11 months age [AOR=2.04(95%CI: 1.24, 3.39)] and being household food secured [AOR=3.64(95%CI: 2.27, 5.84)] were associated with dietary diversity.Conclusions: In the study area less than half of 6-23 months children were fed on adequately diversified diets, which is very low. All mothers should be encouraged to make postnatal care follow up and measures should take to improve food security of the household.
Identification of neoadjuvant radiotherapy resistance genes in rectal cancer using integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Liao Caihua , Zhang Tiancheng , Wang Ke , Zhong Qiong , Chen Lin , Dong Haiyan , Fu Chuangang , Jin Rongzhong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The incidence of rectal cancer is increasing year by year. And most patients have been diagnosed in the advanced stages largely because of the special anatomical location of the rectum, resulting in uneasy diagnosis in its early stage. The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is widely accepted as effective treatment to the rectal cancer, significantly reduce the local recurrence rate and improve long-term survival, but the occurrence of radiotherapy resistance of rectal cancer strikingly weaken the responding of treatment. So finding reasons or factors leading to the resistance of neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer become very urgent not just for the current clinic but also for development of new therapeutical approaches. To identify potential biomarkers associated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy resistance in rectal cancer using bioinformatics analysis. Firstly, we extracted relevant data from GEO database and analyzed the corresponding data by a series of analytic methods. Then, the candidate genes were identified by performing of the analysis of protein-protein interaction network, KEGG and GO, subsequently comfirmed at the levels of mRNA and Protein with Oncomine and The Human Protein Atlas respectively. Furthermore, these comfirmed genes were submitted to CMap analysis to identify candidate therapeutic compounds for neoadjuvant radiotherapy resistance. We found that the abnormal expression of some chemokines were tightly associated with the rectal cancer neoadjuvant radiotherapy resistance. Especially the upreuglation of Chemokines 9(CXCL9) and Chemokines 10(CXCL10) and downregulation of Chemokines 13(CXCL13) and Chemokines 5(CCL5) might be the potential biomarks of the radiotherapy resistance of rectal cancer. Through a series of analyses, the molecules that may be related to the radiotherapy resistance of rectal cancer were identified that may have a hint effect on the treatment of radiotherapy resistance of rectal cancer.
JAK Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Macaluso Fabio Salvatore , Rodríguez-Lago Iago 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Inflammatory bowel disease, including both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are two
chronic and progressive disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Research on the molecular mechanisms of both
diseases has led to the introduction of targeted therapies which are able to selectively block the key inflammatory
mediators.

Methods:
Here, we discuss the current evidence about the mechanism of action with an up to date review of the
efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease.

Results:
Multiple small molecule drugs have been evaluated for their use in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s
disease. Janus kinase inhibitors represent the most important family of these drugs, as their particular mechanism of
action enables a simultaneous and effective blockade of multiple cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of the
disease.

Conclusion:
Janus kinase inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy, especially in ulcerative colitis. More
data are still necessary regarding its efficacy and safety in clinical practice.
Seleksi Produksi Tahap Pertama Klon-Klon Ubijalar Berkadar Gula Tinggi
Authors: Restuono Joko 
Published: March 2020

Ubijalar merupakan komoditas yang memiliki nilai gizi dan komersial yang tinggi, contohnya ubi Cilembu yang dikenal juga dengan ubi madu yang harga jualnya tinggi. Ubi ini disukai konsumen karena rasanya yang manis (memiliki kadar gula tinggi). Permintaan ubi Cilembu semakin meningkat, tidak hanya di dalam negeri tetapi juga sudah diekspor ke mancanegara. Daya adaptasi ubi Cilembu yang sempit (umumnya tumbuh baik bila ditanam di daerah Cilembu, Jawa Barat) menjadi kendala dalam pengembangannya. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan merakit varietas unggul baru yang memiliki produktivitas tinggi, kadar gula tinggi serta mampu beradaptasi luas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi hasil dan kadar gula klon-klon harapan ubi jalar. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kecamatan Poncokusumo kabupaten Malang. Materi genetik menggunakan 40 klon ubi jalar termasukpembanding Sari dan Cilembu sebagai varietas cek. Rancangan perlakuan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) tiga ulangan. Variabel yang diamati : hasil panen, indeks panen, bahan kering umbi, kadar air dan kadar gula reduksi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa 31 klon memiiliki kadar bahankering lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kedua varietas cek. Rata-rata produktivitas umbi segar tertinggi dipeoleh pada klon MSU 15018-53 (38,23 t/ha), diikuti MSU 15008-36 (36,37 t/ha) dan MSU 15018-55 (35,20 t/ha). Terdapat lima klon yang memiliki kadar gula reduksi lebih tinggi dari varietas pembanding Cilembu (13,30 Brix), yaitu klon MSU 15008-22, MSU 15013-35, MSU 15013-01, MSU 15016-69, dan MSU 15007-28. Klon-klon ini berpeluang untuk dirilis sebagai varietas unggul baru dengan kadar gula tinggi.
The Logic of Uncertainty
Authors: Edgington Dorothy 
Published: March 2020

Supongamos que usted tiene un argumento que reconoce como válido y piensa, aunque no con seguridad, que las premisas son verdaderas. ¿De qué manera constriñe esto lo que debe pensar sobre la conclusión del argumento? La primera sección del artículo se aboca a esta cuestión. No se puede sostener que si el argumento es válido y cada premisa es casi segura, la conclusión es casi segura. La Paradoja de la Lotería y la del Prefacio muestran vividamente que esto es erróneo. Muestro que tratando a la falta de seguridad como teniendo la estructura de la probabilidad, la respuesta correcta es ésta: que la falta de seguridad de una proposición sea uno menos su probabilidad. Entonces, si (y sólo si) un argumento es válido, la falta de seguridad de la conclusión no puede exceder la suma de las faltas de seguridad de las premisas. Esto justifica el argüir a partir de premisas casi seguras. . . en tanto no haya demasiadas. En la Paradoja de la Lotería un número grande de pequeñas faltas de seguridad suman una falta de seguridad máxima. El resto del artículo es una defensa de la tesis de que la falta de seguridad debe ser tratada en términos de probabilidad (habiendo ya mostrado una atractiva consecuencia de tal tesis). En la sección 2 defiendo que las actitudes epistémicas con respecto a una proposición deben venir en grados para explicar adecuadamente diferencias y similitudes en el comportamiento racional. Y arguyo que la estructura de “grados de creencia” es apta para una idealización mediante una escala numérica. En la sección 3 defiendo el “Principio de la Partición”, el cual rige los grados de creencia, y garantiza una estructura probabilística. Llámese “partición” a un conjunto de posibilidades exclusivas y exhaustivas, un conjunto de proposiciones tal que necesariamente una de ellas es verdad pero es imposible que más de una de ellas lo sea. El Principio afirma que los grados de creencia de una persona en los miembros de una partición deben sumar uno (el valor asignado a la seguridad). La sección 4 muestra que el Principio de la Partición, entendido como un requisito de consistencia de grados de creencia, es fértil en consecuencias independientemente plausibles. Así, este artículo sirve como introducción a una manera fructífera de desarrollar una lógica de la falta de seguridad.
[Traducción: Raymundo Morado]
Sobre la lógica de las lagunas en el derecho
Authors: Moreso José Juan , Navarro Pablo E. , Redondo María Cristina 
Published: March 2020

En "Legal Reasons, Sources and Gaps", Raz señala que las lagunas jurídicas existen sólo cuando el derecho habla con voz incierta o cuando habla con muchas voces, pero que no hay lagunas cuando el derecho guarda silencio. En este último caso habría reglas de clausura, analíticamente verdaderas, que impiden la ocurrencia de esas lagunas. Según Raz, si hay una laguna en un sistema jurídico, entonces no es verdadero ni falso que exista una razón concluyente para ejecutar cierta acción. Así, una de las contribuciones más importantes de Raz a la solución del problema de las lagunas jurídicas es subrayar que el discurso jurídico no está completamente controlado por la bivalencia. Sin embargo, a menudo se sostiene que el rechazo de la bivalencia conduce a contradicciones. Si esta afirmación fuese verdadera, entonces la solución de Raz al problema de las lagunas jurídicas se vería seriamente amenazada. En este artículo mostramos, con ayuda de una herramienta analítica sofisticada, i.e., la lógica de la verdad de G.H. von Wright, que el rechazo de la bivalencia sólo nos compromete a aceptar la conclusión trivial de que puede haber proposiciones que no son verdaderas ni falsas. Por esta razón, el trabajo de Raz todavía puede ser considerado un buen punto de partida para analizar las relaciones entre normas, razonamiento práctico y lagunas jurídicas. Sin embargo, también mostramos que para admitir proposiciones que no son verdaderas ni falsas, las tesis de Raz deben ser reformuladas. De otra manera, la tesis de que no existen lagunas cuando el derecho guarda silencio no sería compatible con el rechazo de la bivalencia.
Normatividad epistémica y estructura heurística del razonamiento
Authors: Eraña Lagos Ángeles 
Published: March 2020

En años recientes se han diseñado múltiples experimentos que muestran cómo el razonamiento humano tiende a quebrantar lo que usualmente se consideran los principios normativos de razonamiento, a saber, los principios de la teoría estándar de la probabilidad y de la lógica clásica. Estos supuestos quebrantos han sido interpretados como muestra de la irracionalidad humana. Una noción de norma del razonamiento diferente de la subyacente en dicha interpretación me permite afirmar que razonar correctamente implica razonar de acuerdo con reglas diseñadas para resolver una clase limitada de problemas en el marco de un dominio específico y que pueden no ser formulados en términos de principios generales. Esta idea me lleva a sostener que la estructura heurística de nuestro razonamiento apunta a la manera como somos racionales.
¿Puede la moral prescindir de principios universales? Una discusión con Josep Corbí
Authors: Pereda Carlos 
Published: March 2020

En su libro Un lugar para la moral, Josep Corbí defiende un realismo moral particularista. En mi discusión enumero algunas dudas que me provoca su proyecto. La duda principal atañe la función que deben tener —si es que se considera que deben tener alguna función— los principios universales en la vida moral.
En respuesta al comentario de Carlos Pereda sobre Un lugar para la moral
Authors: Corbí Josep 
Published: March 2020

Carlos Pereda califica mi concepción de la moral de realismo particularista y objeta a mi defensa tanto del realismo como del particularismo. En mi respuesta trato de mostrar cómo nuestras discrepancias en torno al papel de los principios en la deliberación moral es, excepto en un punto crucial, cuestión de énfasis. No ocurre lo mismo, sin embargo, con mi reivindicación del realismo moral, pues parte de lo que intento mostrar en el libro es que los programas constructivistas de los que habla Pereda no pueden pensarse coherentemente.
Pragmatic Believing and its Explanation
Authors: Jones Ward E. 
Published: March 2020

Most explanations of beliefs are epistemically or pragmatically rationalizing. The distinction between these two types involves the explainer's differing expectations of how the believer will behave in the face of counterevidence. This feature suggests that rationalizing explanations portray beliefs as either (i) a consequence of the believer's following a norm, or (ii) part of a sub-intentional goal-oriented system. Which properly characterizes pragmatic believing? If there were pragmatic norms for believing, I argue, they would not be consciously followable. Yet an unfollowable norm is not a norm at all, and so I conclude that there are no such norms and that pragmatic believing is a sub-intentional, and not a norm-driven, process.
La teoría de la explicación causal de Salmon y la mecánica cuántica
Authors: Rolleri José Luis 
Published: March 2020

Salmon ha afirmado que su teoría de la explicación causal no es enteramente adecuada para el dominio cuántico debido a ciertas anomalías causales como el dualismo onda/partícula y, especialmente, a las correlaciones estadísticas que surgen de experimentos tipo EPR. En este escrito se analizan las nociones causales de Salmon, en las cuales se basa su teoría probabilista de la explicación, con el fin de delimitar su alcance en ese dominio mostrando que sólo abarca procesos de transición pero no procesos de transmutación. Además, se propone, a muy grandes rasgos, una noción alternativa de causalidad indeterminista que pretende ser adecuada para ciertos procesos cuánticos como procesos estocásticos. Por último se arguye que si bien la explicación de las correlaciones cuánticas es un problema abierto, sería erróneo considerar que una teoría de la explicación causal, como la de Salmon, concebida y elaborada primordialmente para procesos físicos individuales, pueda y deba dar cuenta de tales correlaciones.
Abducción en modelos finitos
Authors: Soler Toscano Fernando , Fernández Ángel Nepomuceno 
Published: March 2020

Este artículo presenta un acercamiento a la resolución de problemas abductivos en C-estructuras, estructuras que tienen un universo de discurso finito y cada uno de sus elementos es la interpretación de una constante conocida. Empleando una variante del cálculo de tablas semánticas y resolución dual, construimos un procedimiento efectivo para encontrar soluciones abductivas minimales dentro de la semántica propuesta.
Homophonic Prejudices
Authors: García-Carpintero Manuel 
Published: March 2020

I critically discuss some aspects of Mark Sainsbury’s Reference without Referents, from an otherwise sympathetic viewpoint. My objections focus on the adequacy of the truth-conditional framework that Sainsbury presupposes. I argue that, as semantic theories, truth-conditional accounts are both too ambitious, and too austere to be fully explanatory, and that both problems have consequences for anaccount of reference.The latter problem has to do with the difficulties to capture in a truth-conditional framework the descriptive contribution of indexicals and, in my view, proper names. The former has to do with the non-semantic contribution of context to the determination of truth-conditions in general and reference in particular.
La constitución de objetos físicos en el Aufbau: Quine contra Carnap
Authors: Cardona Suárez Carlos Alberto 
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se sugiere que el argumento de Quine contra el reduccionismo radical de Carnap (segundo dogma del empirismo) exhibe de manera incompleta el fundamento del proyecto de Carnap recogido en Der logische Aufbau der Welt. En el artículo se ofrece una estrategia de lectura de los doce pasos que conducen a la construcción de objetos físicos en el Aufbau y se plantean algunas críticas a una propuesta reciente de Thomas Mormann.
Petitio Principii, Ad Ignorantiam y fundamentación del conocimiento
Authors: Vilanova Arias Javier 
Published: March 2020

In this paper I examine the problem of circularity in the justification of knowledge from the point of view of argumentation theory. I introduce the expression founding argument for the arguments we use to try to prove that we know, and explain the classical account of the two fallacies that may be committed: ad ignorantiam and petitio principii. A new definition of both fallacies, based on recent work in the theory of argumentation, is used to show that not every founding argument is fallacious.
Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Özel Gereksinimli Öğrencilerin Eğitimine Yönelik Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ALTUN Taner , FİLİZ Tunahan 
Published: March 2020

Bu araştırmada, sınıfında özel gereksinimli
öğrenci bulunan sınıf öğretmenlerinin öğrenme-öğretme sürecinde yaptıkları
uygulamalar ve karşılaştıkları güçlüklerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma
nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden özel durum çalışması çerçevesinde
şekillendirilmiş olup, verilerin toplanmasında hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış
görüşme formalarından yararlanılmıştır. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden olan
kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yoluyla ulaşılabilen sınıfında özel gereksinimli
öğrenci bulunan 10 sınıf öğretmeni ile çalışma yürütülmüştür. Veriler
yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniğiyle elde edilmiştir. Bu veriler içerik analizine tabi tutularak
çözümlenmiştir. Veri analizi sürecinde Nvivo 9.0 programından yararlanılmıştır.
Yapılan araştırma sonucunda, elde edilen sonuçlara göre öğretmenlerin özel
gereksinimli öğrencilerle ilgili bilgi seviyelerinin yetersiz, ilgili konuda
veli-öğretmen işbirliğinin zayıf ve öğretmenlerin bu güçlüklere çözüm getirme
noktasında yeterli desteği alamadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sınıf
öğretmenlerinin bu öğrencileri belirleyebildikleri, aileleriyle gerekli
iletişimi kurduğu ve bu çocukların sosyal ortamlarda desteklenmesi ve akranları
tarafından kabulü için çalışmalar yaptığı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte
sınıf öğretmenlerinin öğrenme-öğretme sürecinde öğretimin bireyselleştirilmesi
anlamında öğretim sürecinde bir takım uygulamalar yaptıkları, uygulamalarda
bazı sorunlarla karşılaştığı ve bu sorunların üstesinden gelebilmek için destek
aldığı da ifade edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda sınıf öğretmenlerinin özel
gereksinimli çocuklara daha kaliteli eğitim vermelerine yönelik çeşitli
öneriler sunulmuştur.