bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of an M-type companion to the Herbig Ae Star V1787 Ori
Authors: Arun R , Mathew Blesson , Rengaswamy Sridharan , Manoj P , Narang Mayank , Kartha Sreeja S , Maheshwar G 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The intermediate-mass Herbig Ae star V1787 Ori is a member of the L1641 star-forming region in the Orion A molecular cloud. We report the detection of an M-type companion to V1787 Ori at a projected separation of 6.66 arcsec (corresponding to 2577 au), from the analysis of VLT/NACO adaptive optics Ks-band image. Using astrometric data from Gaia DR2, we show that V1787 Ori A and B share similar distance (d ∼ 387 pc) and proper motion, indicating that they are physically associated. We estimate the spectral type of V1787 Ori B to be M5 ± 2 from colour–spectral type calibration tables and template matching using SpeX spectral library. By fitting PARSEC models in the Pan-STARRS colour–magnitude diagram, we find that V1787 Ori B has an age of 8.1$^{+1.7}_{-1.5}$ Myr and a mass of 0.39$^{+0.02}_{-0.05}$ M⊙. We show that V1787 Ori is a pre-main-sequence wide binary system with a mass ratio of 0.23. Such a low-mass ratio system is rarely identified in Herbig Ae/Be binary systems. We conclude this work with a discussion on possible mechanisms for the formation of V1787 Ori wide binary system.
Degree of Functional Divergence in Duplicates Is Associated with Distinct Roles in Plant Evolution
Authors: Ezoe Akihiro , Shirai Kazumasa , Hanada Kousuke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGene duplication is a major mechanism to create new genes. After gene duplication, some duplicated genes undergo functionalization, whereas others largely maintain redundant functions. Duplicated genes comprise various degrees of functional diversification in plants. However, the evolutionary fate of high and low diversified duplicates is unclear at genomic scale. To infer high and low diversified duplicates in Arabidopsis thaliana genome, we generated a prediction method for predicting whether a pair of duplicate genes was subjected to high or low diversification based on the phenotypes of knock-out mutants. Among 4,017 pairs of recently duplicated A. thaliana genes, 1,052 and 600 are high and low diversified duplicate pairs, respectively. The predictions were validated based on the phenotypes of generated knock-down transgenic plants. We determined that the high diversified duplicates resulting from tandem duplications tend to have lineage-specific functions, whereas the low diversified duplicates produced by whole-genome duplications are related to essential signaling pathways. To assess the evolutionary impact of high and low diversified duplicates in closely related species, we compared the retention rates and selection pressures on the orthologs of A. thaliana duplicates in two closely related species. Interestingly, high diversified duplicates resulting from tandem duplications tend to be retained in multiple lineages under positive selection. Low diversified duplicates by whole-genome duplications tend to be retained in multiple lineages under purifying selection. Taken together, the functional diversities determined by different duplication mechanisms had distinct effects on plant evolution.
Placental multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell-derived Slit2 may regulate macrophage motility during placental infection
Authors: Chen Chie-Pein , Wang Liang-Kai , Chen Chen-Yu , Chen Chia-Yu , Wu Yi-Hsin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSlit proteins have been reported to act as axonal repellents in Drosophila; however, their role in the placental microenvironment has not been explored. In this study, we found that human placental multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hPMSCs) constitutively express Slit2. Therefore, we hypothesized that Slit2 expressed by hPMSCs could be involved in macrophage migration during placental inflammation through membrane cognate Roundabout (Robo) receptor signaling. In order to develop a preclinical in vitro mouse model of hPMSCs in treatment of perinatal infection, RAW 264.7 cells were used in this study. Slit2 interacted with Robo4 that was highly expressed in RAW 264.7 macrophages: their interaction increased the adhesive ability of RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited migration. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CD11bCD18 expression could be inhibited by Slit2 and by hPMSC-conditioned medium (CM). LPS-induced activation of p38 and Rap1 was also attenuated by Slit2 and by hPMSC-CM. Noticeably, these inhibitory effects of hPMSC-CM decreased after depletion of Slit2 from the CM. Furthermore, we found that p38 siRNA inhibited LPS-induced Rap1 expression in RAW 264.7 cells, indicating that Rap1 functions downstream of p38 signaling. p38 siRNA increased cell adhesion and inhibited migration through reducing LPS-stimulated CD11bCD18 expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, hPMSC-derived Slit2 may inhibit LPS-induced CD11bCD18 expression to decrease cell migration and increase adhesion through modulating the activity and motility of inflammatory macrophages in placenta. This may represent a novel mechanism for LPS-induced placental infection.
NOseq: amplicon sequencing evaluation method for RNA m6A sites after chemical deamination
Authors: Werner Stephan , Galliot Aurellia , Pichot Florian , Kemmer Thomas , Marchand Virginie , Sednev Maksim V , Lence Tina , Roignant Jean-Yves , König Julian , Höbartner Claudia , Motorin Yuri , Hildebrandt Andreas , Helm Mark 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Methods for the detection of m6A by RNA-Seq technologies are increasingly sought after. We here present NOseq, a method to detect m6A residues in defined amplicons by virtue of their resistance to chemical deamination, effected by nitrous acid. Partial deamination in NOseq affects all exocyclic amino groups present in nucleobases and thus also changes sequence information. The method uses a mapping algorithm specifically adapted to the sequence degeneration caused by deamination events. Thus, m6A sites with partial modification levels of ∼50% were detected in defined amplicons, and this threshold can be lowered to ∼10% by combination with m6A immunoprecipitation. NOseq faithfully detected known m6A sites in human rRNA, and the long non-coding RNA MALAT1, and positively validated several m6A candidate sites, drawn from miCLIP data with an m6A antibody, in the transcriptome of Drosophila melanogaster. Conceptually related to bisulfite sequencing, NOseq presents a novel amplicon-based sequencing approach for the validation of m6A sites in defined sequences.
A Longitudinal Examination of Behavioral Transitions among Young Adult Menthol and Non-Menthol Cigarette Smokers Using a Three-State Markov Model
Authors: Mantey Dale S , Harrell Melissa B , Chen Baojiang , Kelder Steven H , Perry Cheryl L , Loukas Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionYoung adult cigarette smoking behaviors are complex and dynamic. Emerging research suggests a growing rate of switching from non-menthol to menthol cigarettes. Transitions across cigarette smoking states are not well understood. This research longitudinally explores transitions in cigarette smoking behaviors among 18–29 year olds.MethodsWe applied a Markov model to data collected biannually for 1542 initially 18–29 year old young adults (mean age: 20.9 years; SD = 2.6) in Texas, who provided 7021 total observations from Fall 2014 to Spring 2017. All participants were past 30 day menthol or non-menthol cigarette smokers at first observation. We examined transitions across three states of cigarette smoking (menthol, non-menthol, and nonsmoking) and compared predictors of each transition, during young adulthood.ResultsDescriptively, 22.2% of menthol and 14.3% of non-menthol smokers switched products while 25.6% of menthol and 26.0% of non-menthol smokers quit smoking. Among quitters, 20.0% relapsed via menthol and 28.2% relapsed via non-menthol cigarettes. Results from Markov model indicated that Hispanic/Latinos (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 3.69) and Asians (HR: 2.85) were significantly more likely to switch from non-menthol to menthol cigarettes, relative to non-Hispanic whites. Among recent quitters, the use of non-cigarette products was associated with increased risk of relapse via menthol (HR: 1.54) and non-menthol (HR: 1.85) cigarettes.ConclusionA substantial proportion of young adult cigarette smokers transitioned across cigarette smoking states over the course of 2.5 years. Other tobacco use and nicotine dependence were impediments to becoming and remaining a non-smoker. Hispanic/Latinos and Asians, relative to non-Hispanic whites, had greater odds of transitioning from non-menthol smoking to both non-smoking and to menthol smoking. Findings suggest racial/ethnic differences in cigarette smoking transitions during young adulthood.ImplicationsThis paper examined multidirectional transitions across cigarette smoking, including switching between menthol and non-menthol cigarettes, among young adults. Results indicate that Hispanic/Latino and Asian young adults are at increased risk of transition to menthol cigarette smoking compared with non-Hispanic white young adults. Findings highlight need for further study of Hispanic/Latino and Asian young adult smoking behaviors.
Changes in mRNA Degradation Efficiencies under Varying Conditions Are Regulated by Multiple Determinants in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ueno Daishin , Mikami Maki , Yamasaki Shotaro , Kaneko Miho , Mukuta Takafumi , Demura Taku , Kato Ko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multiple mechanisms are involved in gene expression, with mRNA degradation being critical for the control of mRNA accumulation. In plants, although some trans-acting factors and motif sequences have been identified in deadenylation-dependent mRNA degradation, endonucleolytic cleavage-dependent mRNA degradation has not been studied in detail. Previously, we developed truncated RNA-end sequencing (TREseq) in Arabidopsis thaliana and detected G-rich sequence motifs around 5′ degradation intermediates. However, it remained to be elucidated whether degradation efficiencies of 5′ degradation intermediates in A. thaliana vary among growth conditions and developmental stages. To address this issue, we conducted TREseq of cultured cells under heat stress and at three developmental stages (seedlings, expanding leaves and expanded leaves) and compared 5′ degradation intermediates data among the samples. Although some 5′ degradation intermediates had almost identical degradation efficiencies, others differed among conditions. We focused on the genes and sites whose degradation efficiencies differed. Changes in degradation efficiencies at the gene and site levels revealed an effect on mRNA accumulation in all comparisons. These changes in degradation efficiencies involved multiple determinants, including mRNA length and translation efficiency. These results suggest that several determinants govern the efficiency of mRNA degradation in plants, helping the organism to adapt to varying conditions by controlling mRNA accumulation.
Flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: McElhone Kathleen , Abbott Janice , Hurley Margaret , Burnell Jane , Lanyon Peter , Rahman Anisur , Yee Chee-Seng , Akil Mohammed , Bruce Ian N , Ahmad Yasmeen , Gordon Caroline , Teh Lee-Suan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
SLE is characterized by relapses and remissions. We aimed to describe the frequency, type and time to flare in a cohort of SLE patients.

Methods
SLE patients with one or more ‘A’ or ‘B’ BILAG-2004 systems meeting flare criteria (‘new’ or ‘worse’ items) and requiring an increase in immunosuppression were recruited from nine UK centres and assessed at baseline and monthly for 9 months. Subsequent flares were defined as: severe (any ‘A’ irrespective of number of ‘B’ flares), moderate (two or more ‘B’ without any ‘A’ flares) and mild (one ‘B’).

Results
Of the 100 patients, 94% were female, 61% White Caucasians, mean age (s.d.) was 40.7 years (12.7) and mean disease duration (s.d.) was 9.3 years (8.1). A total of 195 flares re-occurred in 76 patients over 781 monthly assessments (flare rate of 0.25/patient-month). There were 37 severe flares, 32 moderate flares and 126 mild flares. By 1 month, 22% had a mild/moderate/severe flare and 22% had a severe flare by 7 months. The median time to any ‘A’ or ‘B’ flare was 4 months. Severe/moderate flares tended to be in the system(s) affected at baseline, whereas mild flares could affect any system.

Conclusion
. In a population with active SLE we observed an ongoing rate of flares from early in the follow-up period with moderate–severe flares being due to an inability to fully control the disease. This real-world population study demonstrates the limitations of current treatments and provides a useful reference population from which to inform future clinical trial design.
Racial Dynamics of Congregations and Communities: A Longitudinal Analysis of United Methodist Congregations, 1990–2010
Authors: Dougherty Kevin D , Martí Gerardo , Ferguson Todd W 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Alarge body of research documents the difficulty congregations have in creating and sustaining racially diverse memberships. However, little scholarship explores the overlapping consequences of racial change in congregations and neighborhoods over time. Since the number of all-white neighborhoods has fallen sharply in recent decades, we ask in this study: what are the consequences of racial change in congregations and neighborhoods on congregational attendance? We employ longitudinal data from over 20,000 United Methodist congregations between 1990 and 2010 paired with census tract data for the same time period. We use growth curve models to test three hypotheses derived from Organizational Ecology Theory. While Methodist churches have decreasing attendance, we find that racial diversity inside a church is associated with higher average attendance by year and across years. Outside a church, percent white in the neighborhood positively predicts attendance, at least in the short term. Both white and nonwhite Methodist churches have higher attendance when located in white neighborhoods; white churches in nonwhite neighborhoods fare the worst. Our conclusion discusses these patterns and highlights the complexities of accommodating racial differences in congregations amidst ongoing demographic changes outside their doors.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Photon-based Stereotactic Radiosurgery Versus Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Kosydar Samuel , Robertson Jake C. , Woodfin Michael , Mayr Nina A. , Sahgal Arjun , Timmerman Robert D. , Lo Simon S. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
The purpose of this report is to assess the efficacy and adverse event profile of photon-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) compared with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (fSRT) for the treatment of uveal melanoma. Primary outcomes include incidence proportions of local control, enucleation, metastatic progression, disease-specific, and overall mortality. Treatment-related toxicities such as incidence proportions of radiation retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma, optic neuropathy, and cataract formation were examined as secondary outcomes. Five-year survival and 5-year local control rates were also assessed.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and 2 Cochrane databases were searched up to December 31, 2018. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled incidence proportions of outcome measures. Meta-regression was carried out to explore the potential impact of dose per fraction on local control.

Results:
Twenty-four articles with a total of 1745 patients were included in the meta-analysis. There were no statistically significant differences between photon-based fSRT and SRS for all primary, secondary and 5-year outcome measures, including local control (P=0.28), enucleation (P=0.51), and neovascular glaucoma (P=0.40). The 5-year local control rate was 90% (95% confidence interval: 76%, 96%) for fSRT and 89% (70%, 97%) for SRS.

Conclusions:
Our meta-analysis showed no difference in tumor control, survival and toxicities, as defined in this paper, between SRS and fSRT for uveal melanoma. Confounding biases remain an expected limitation in this study of novel treatment modalities deployed in rare tumors. Further investigation is needed to validate outcomes and compare stereotactic treatment techniques.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Drugs
Authors: Schoretsanitis Georgios , Baumann Pierre , Conca Andreas , Dietmaier Otto , Giupponi Giancarlo , Gründer Gerhard , Hahn Martina , Hart Xenia , Havemann-Reinecke Ursula , Hefner Gudrun , Kuzin Maxim , Mössner Rainald , Piacentino Daria , Steimer Werner , Zernig Gerald , Hiemke Christoph 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to guide treatment with long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics, which are increasingly prescribed, remains a matter of debate. The aim of this review was to provide a practical framework for the integration of TDM when switching from an oral formulation to the LAI counterpart, and in maintenance treatment.

Methods:
The authors critically reviewed 3 types of data: (1) positron emission tomography data evaluating dopamine (D2/D3) receptor occupancy related to antipsychotic concentrations in serum or plasma; D2/D3 receptors are embraced as target sites in the brain for antipsychotic efficacy and tolerability, (2) pharmacokinetic studies evaluating the switch from oral to LAI antipsychotics, and (3) pharmacokinetic data for LAI formulations. Based on these data, indications for TDM and therapeutic reference ranges were considered for LAI antipsychotics.

Results:
Antipsychotic concentrations in blood exhibited interindividual variability not only under oral but also under LAI formulations because these concentrations are affected by demographic characteristics such as age and sex, genetic peculiarities, and clinical variables, including comedications and comorbidities. Reported data combined with positron emission tomography evidence indicated a trend toward lower concentrations under LAI administration than under oral medications. However, the available evidence is insufficient to recommend LAI-specific therapeutic reference ranges.

Conclusions:
Although TDM evidence for newer LAI formulations is limited, this review suggests the use of TDM when switching an antipsychotic from oral to its LAI formulation. The application of TDM practice is more accurate for dose selection than the use of dose equivalents as it accounts more precisely for individual characteristics.
Tolerability of High-Dose Venlafaxine After Switch From Escitalopram in Nonresponding Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Engelmann Jan , Wagner Stefanie , Solheid Andreas , Herzog David P. , Dreimüller Nadine , Müller Marianne B. , Tadić André , Hiemke Christoph , Lieb Klaus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Within a single depressive episode, most patients receive different antidepressants because of an inadequate response to the first-line antidepressant. A commonly used strategy is to switch from a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to a selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. However, little is known about the tolerability of this switch with consideration of dose and drug concentration in blood.

Methods
After 4 weeks of inadequate response to escitalopram (10–20 mg/d), medication was switched to another 4 weeks of venlafaxine (VF, 150–375 mg/d) in 234 depressed patients. Serum concentrations, depression severity, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were assessed weekly.

Results
The switch of medication led to an increase of ADRs such as reduced salivation (+11%), orthostatic dizziness (+11%), and sweating (+9.8%). The most frequent ADRs during treatment with VF were reduced salivation (28.6%), sweating (24.6%), and orthostatic dizziness (15.8%). In patients receiving high-dose VF, a significant improvement of depressive symptomatology was observed, and most ADRs decreased during the course of treatment, even in patients above the therapeutic reference range.

Limitations
Patients and physicians were aware of medication, and there was no direct comparison with the herein presented switch of medication.

Implications
This study provides important information about the tolerability of a commonly used antidepressant treatment strategy. More detailed information about putative ADRs may help clinicians increase compliance through effective patient education. Because ADRs of VF were associated with the plasma concentration, therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended to guide the therapy and manage problems of tolerability.
Planning for a Gonococcal Vaccine: A Narrative Review of Vaccine Development and Public Health Implications
Authors: Abara Winston E. , Jerse Ann E. , Hariri Susan , Kirkcaldy Robert D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Declining gonococcal susceptibility to ceftriaxone and azithromycin has raised the possibility of untreatable gonorrhea in the future and reignited interest in gonococcal vaccine development. Despite decades of research, previous gonococcal vaccine candidates have been ineffective. A growing body of data suggests that meningococcal group B outer-membrane vaccines may be cross-protective against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Clinical trials of a licensed vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B containing an outer-membrane vaccine component are underway to determine its efficacy against N. gonorrhoeae. Other experimental gonococcal vaccine candidates are in the preclinical phases. Population impact of future gonococcal vaccines with different levels of efficacy and duration of protection in various populations is being evaluated using modeling studies. Despite recent progress, gaps in gonococcal vaccine research remain. Research is needed to evaluate vaccine efficacy in preventing gonococcal infections acquired via various anatomic routes and among patients coinfected with other sexually transmitted infections. Studies that model the impact of a future vaccine on high-burden populations such as men who have sex with men and estimate both vaccine cost-effectiveness and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of vaccination to antimicrobial resistance and treatment costs are warranted. This narrative review examines the current state of gonococcal vaccine research, the possible impact of a gonococcal vaccine on gonorrhea rates based on modeling studies, gaps in the gonococcal vaccine literature, and public health implications of a future gonococcal vaccine on reducing the gonorrhea burden in the United States.