bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term effects of bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation in dystonia: a follow-up between 8 and 16 years
Authors: Krause P. , Völzmann S. , Ewert S. , Kupsch A. , Schneider G. H. , Kühn Andrea A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
Observational study to evaluate the long-term motor and non-motor effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) on medically refractory dystonia.

Background
Dystonia is a chronic disease affecting mainly young patients with a regular life expectancy and lifelong need for therapy. Pallidal DBS is an established treatment for severe isolated dystonia but long-term data are sparse.

Methods
We considered 36 consecutive patients with isolated generalized (n = 14) and cervical/segmental (n = 22) dystonia operated at Charité-University Hospital between 2000 and 2007 in a retrospective analysis for long-term outcome of pallidal DBS. In 19 of these patients, we could analyze dystonic symptoms and disability rated by the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating scale (BFMDRS) at baseline, short-term (ST-FU, range 3–36 months) and long-term follow-up (LT-FU, range 93–197 months). Quality of life and mood were evaluated using the SF36 and Beck Depression Index (BDI) questionnaires.

Results
Patients reached an improvement in motor symptoms of 63.8 ± 5.7% (mean ± SE) at ST-FU and 67.9 ± 6.1% at LT-FU. Moreover, a significant and stable reduction in disability was shown following DBS (54.2 ± 9.4% at ST-FU and 53.8 ± 9.2% at LT-FU). BDI and SF36 had improved by 40% and 23%, respectively, at LT-FU (n = 14). Stimulation-induced adverse events included swallowing difficulties, dysarthria, and bradykinesia. Pulse generator (n = 3) and electrodes (n = 5) were revised in seven patients due to infection.

Conclusions
Pallidal DBS is a safe and efficacious long-term treatment for dystonia with sustained effects on motor impairment and disability, accompanied by a robust improvement in mood and quality of life.
Functional tracts of the cerebellum—essentials for the neurosurgeon
Authors: Beez Thomas , Munoz-Bendix Christopher , Steiger Hans-Jakob , Hänggi Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cerebellum is historically implicated in motor coordination, but accumulating modern evidence indicates involvement in non-motor domains, including cognition, emotion, and language. This correlates with the symptoms observed in postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS). Profound knowledge of cerebellar functional topography and tractography is important when approaching cerebellar tumors, as surgical trauma to relevant structures of cerebellar pathways plays a role in the pathogenesis of CMS. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a concise overview of relevant modern neuroimaging data and cerebellar functional tracts with regard to neurosurgical procedures.
Stereotaktische Laserthermoablation bei mesialer Temporallappenepilepsie mit Hippocampussklerose rechts – Patientenentscheidung, Durchführung und Visualisierung von Gedächtnisfunktion
Authors: Schmitt Friedhelm C. , Büntjen Lars , Schütze Hartmut , Kaufmann Jörn , Heinze Hans-Joachim , Hinrichs Hermann , Tempelmann Claus , Düzel Emrah , Voges Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 30-jährigen Patienten, der mit 21 Jahren an einer fokalen Epilepsie mit epigastrischen Auren und nicht bewusst erlebten Anfällen sowie selten bilateralen tonisch-klonischen Anfällen mit Hippocampussklerose erkrankte. Dem Patienten wurde das resektive Standardverfahren (vordere Temporallappenresektion) sowie alternativ das neu in Europa zugelassene Verfahren der stereotaktischen Laserthermoablation angeboten. Der Patient entschied sich aufgrund der geringeren Invasivität für letzteres Verfahren. Im Folgenden werden der klinische Verlauf mit einer postoperativen Nachbeobachtungszeit von 9 Monaten berichtet. Zudem wird die Methode und die Ergebnisse einer funktionellen Gedächtnis-MRT Untersuchung beschrieben.
Exploring Determinants of Condom Use among University Students in Sudan
Authors: Elshiekh Husameddin Farouk , Hoving Ciska , de Vries Hein 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncreasing numbers of university students in Sudan are at risk of contracting HIV because of their engagement in condomless sex. A comprehensive and culturally accepted condom promotion program could potentially reduce this threat substantially. However, little is known about the sociocognitive determinants of condom use in this population: information that is required to develop such HIV prevention programs. Therefore, in August 2014, we conducted 30 semi-structured individual interviews with male and female students (both currently sexually active and nonactive) to explore determinants of condom use based on the I-Change model. Data were analyzed using Nvivo 10. The results suggest that barriers to condom use among university students include misconceptions about condom use, negative attitudes toward condom use, lack of social support, low self-efficacy to use condoms, and poor action planning. Sexual health promotion should, therefore, address these aspects to successfully promote condom use among sexually active students and subsequently reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
A Disability Bioethics Reading of the FDA and EMA Evaluations on the Marketing Authorisation of Growth Hormone for Idiopathic Short Stature Children
Authors: Murano Maria Cristina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe diagnosis of idiopathic short stature (ISS) refers to children who are considerably shorter than average without any identified medical reason. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorised marketing of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) for ISS in 2003, while the European Medicines Agency (EMA) refused it in 2007. This paper examines the arguments for these decisions as detailed in selected FDA and EMA documents. It combines argumentative analysis with an approach to policy analysis called ‘What’s the problem represented to be’. It argues that the FDA presents its approval as an argument for equity of access to the treatment (given that hGH was already authorised for other indications), describing short stature as a potential disadvantage, and assuming that height normalisation is a clinically meaningful result. The EMA, instead, refuses marketing authorisation with an argument that there is an imbalance of risks and benefits, describing ISS as a healthy condition, and arguing that hGH should provide some psychosocial and/or quality of life benefits to children with ISS other than height gain. This paper then discusses how these arguments could be read through different models of disability, particularly through the medical model of disability and the relational, experiential, and cultural understandings of disability.
Pulse Tube Cryocooler: Phasor Analysis and One-Dimensional Numerical Simulation
Authors: Almtireen N. , Brandner J. J. , Korvink J. G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn analysis of the detailed operation for the tube element is proposed for an orifice pulse tube cryocooler. This is achieved through phasor analysis using basic thermodynamic relations to estimate the approximated cooling power associated with this machine. Moreover, the effect of the phase shift angle is illustrated by forming an analogy between the phase shift mechanism and a series RLC circuit model. Next, a one-dimensional model based on the conservation equations of mass and energy is presented; the reduced model is solved numerically, for the temperature and velocity of the gas along the tube, to determine the mass flow and time-averaged enthalpy flows at the cold and hot ends of the tube. The findings from the one-dimensional analysis are compared with the phasor analysis results and validated by comparison with similar studies in the literature.
Making Connections and Building Confidence: A Study of Specialist Dating Agencies for People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: McCarthy Michelle , Milne Skillman Karen , Elson Nicola , Bates Claire , Forrester-Jones Rachel , Hunt Siobhan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDating agencies are a small, but growing sector of social care provision for people with intellectual disabilities. The research reported here is the first to explore, with 10 specialist agencies in the UK, why they were set up, how they operate, the barriers and problems they encounter and their success or otherwise in facilitating relationships for people with intellectual disabilities. A strong case is made for the proliferation of such services.
Hypotension during hip fracture surgery and postoperative morbidity
Authors: Beecham Gabriel , Cusack Rachael , Vencken Sebastian , Crilly Grace , Buggy Donal J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHip fracture is a growing healthcare challenge, with 6–8% 30-day mortality and 20–30% of patients incurring major morbidity, including impaired mobilisation and ability to live independently. While observational studies have shown no benefit of general versus spinal anaesthesia on 30-day mortality, intraoperative hypotension during hip fracture surgery is associated with increased 30-day mortality regardless of anaesthetic technique. Although a recent trial on younger patients demonstrated reduced postoperative complications by maintaining intraoperative arterial blood pressure close to preoperative baseline, there are no data correlating intraoperative hypotension during hip fracture surgery with postoperative morbidity.ObjectiveWe evaluated the hypothesis that duration and severity of intraoperative hypotension during hip fracture surgery is associated with increased postoperative morbidity.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out onn = 52 patients undergoing hip fracture surgery between January and June 2017. Measurements of patients’ intraoperative systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during anaesthesia, logged electronically through an anaesthesia information management system, were reviewed. We calculated the total duration of time where SAP or MAP were below pre-defined thresholds for hypotension (MAP < 75 mmHg, MAP < 55 mmHg, SAP ≤ 80% admission baseline or SAP ≤ 80% pre-induction baseline). Univariate and bivariate descriptive statistics were generated for all relevant variables. With multivariable regression models containing known predictors, cumulative duration of hypotension was correlated with postoperative comorbidities as quantified by the Clavien-Dindo and Comprehensive Complication Indices.ResultsMean age (± SD) was 78 ± 13 years, 75% were female, 87% were ASA II or III and 60% underwent spinal anaesthesia. Mean Comprehensive Complication Index was 20.4 ± 19.2. Lowest absolute SAP and MAP values were 82 ± 18 mmHg and 55 ± 12 mmHg respectively. Cumulative time of SAP < 80% pre-induction value adjusted to gender, age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index was associated with progression to a higher Clavien-Dindo classification (odds ratio 1.020 per additional minute; 95% CI 1.008–1.035;P = 0.003).ConclusionsIn this exploratory retrospective analysis, the cumulative time of hypotension during hip fracture surgery correlated with extensive postoperative morbidity when adjusting to other known predictors. Intraoperative cumulative time of hypotension may be a good candidate for larger prediction studies as a predictor of postoperative complications. A randomised controlled trial evaluating the effect of actively minimising intraoperative hypotension on postoperative morbidity in hip fracture patients seems warranted.
Quantitative Angiographic Hemodynamic Evaluation After Revascularization Surgery for Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Chen Yu , Ma Li , Yang Shuo , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Lu Junlin , Ye Xun , Jiang Weijian , Ren Zeguang , Wang Rong , Chen Xiaolin , Zhao Yuanli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe corresponding hemodynamic changes of the internal carotid artery (ICA) after the revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the hemodynamic changes of the ipsilateral ICA after the combined direct and indirect extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass. MMD patients undergoing combined EC-IC bypass were retrospectively reviewed. The mean transit time (MTT) of ICA was evaluated by color-coding angiography before revascularization and at follow-up. The MTT defined as the blood transit time between the end of cervical portion (C1) and the C7 segment of ICA. The clinical prognosis was assessed with Matsushima grading system, moyamoya vessel reduction system, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The correlation between hemodynamic parameter and prognosis was analyzed. Subgroup analysis was conducted between different presentations and different ages. Fifty-one patients were identified and the mean imaging follow-up interval was 5.5 months. The ICA-MTT was increased after the combined revascularization (P < 0.001) compared with contralateral ICA. Faster preoperative ICA-MTT was significantly associated with improved mRS in the ischemic group (P = 0.05). The increased ICA-MTT was significantly associated with favorable neoangiogenesis (P = 0.04), moyamoya vessel reduction (> 50%) (P = 0.023), and improved mRS score (P = 0.008). In subgroup analysis, the correlation in the ischemic subgroup and adult subgroup remained significant. In this cohort, the ICA-MTT increased after the combined EC-IC bypass, and there was a positive correlation between the increased blood transit time and favorable outcomes. Color-coding DSA proved to be useful as a quantitative and serial method to monitor postoperative courses after revascularization in MMD.
Positive Ageing: to What Extent can Current Models of Wellbeing Categorise the Life Events Perceived as Positive by Older Adults?
Authors: Killen Alison , Macaskill Ann 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLife expectancy is increasing globally, which makes understanding what contributes to well-being in older adults crucial for social and economic reasons. This is the first study to categorize positive life events in community dwelling older adults, to explore their fit with psychological well-being models. Volunteers self-defined as well (N = 88), completed diaries identifying three positive events daily for 14 days. Diary entries combated negative stereotypes of ageing by describing older adults with active lives contributing to society. Of nine themes identified through thematic analysis of over 3500 events; seven supported existing well-being models, being activities delivering positive affect and life satisfaction (hedonic model) and demonstrating competence, autonomy, relatedness, self-acceptance, purpose in life, and personal growth (eudemonic models). However, two well-supported new dimensions were also identified within the themes ‘interaction with the physical environment’ and ‘personal well-being’. These new dimensions were labelled ‘life-affirmation and ‘mindfulness’. This suggests the existence of additional considerations related to well-being specifically for older populations, which may indicate a need to broaden the existing models.
Thermal properties of sand and mineral flours
Authors: Buntebarth Günter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe determination of the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of granular dry material is exposed to the problem of heat transfer between the heat source of an instrument and the media of investigation. This problem can be solved by filling the pore space with various fluids. An empirical relation between the thermal conductivity and the diffusivity of the composed media and the thermal conductivity of the pore fluid is extrapolated to the value of air as a pore filling. A further method provides the heat contact conductance of the fluid–solid interface during a non-stationary state which allows the estimation of the thermal diffusivity for air in the pore space. The validity of the geometric mean, which is often used to estimate the thermal conductivity of composed media, is limited to a heat conductivity contrast of up to 1:20. The structural constant of Wiener’s mixing rule represents not only a fixed structure of the pore space, but also relates to the heat transfer properties at the fluid–solid interface. It strongly varies with the surface tension of the fluid as well as with its wetting property.
The effect of geometry on mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V ELI scaffolds manufactured using additive manufacturing technology
Authors: Szymczyk Patrycja , Hoppe Viktoria , Ziółkowski Grzegorz , Smolnicki Michał , Madeja Marcin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOwing to the possibility of direct processing of CAD models into three-dimensional objects, additive manufacturing (AM) is widely used in the production of individualized bone scaffolds that can lead to perfect restoration of anatomical structures of missing bone tissues. In this work, one of the AM technologies was applied, referred to as Electron Beam Melting (EBM), using Ti6Al4V ELI alloy to produce open-cell structures. Scaffold architecture influences its mechanical properties and is important from the point of view of biological considerations. To optimize mechanical properties, designed geometries were subjected to Finite Element Method analysis and experimental static compression tests. Also, geometric CT analysis of manufactured scaffolds was carried out (geometry deviations up to ± 300 µm). Obtained results have shown that AM can be used to produce Ti6Al4V ELI alloy scaffolds displaying mechanical parameters similar to those of bone tissue (E = 0.45–2.88 MPa). The EBM process affects the microstructure and macrostructural properties of manufactured parts, e.g., through internal porosities present in the material by to unmelted powder particles (internal porosity in range of 1.25–2.25%). To assess the quality and suitability of additively manufactured implants, a multidimensional verification of the impact of the manufacturing process on the properties of the final product was performed.
Assessing the hierarchy of personal values among adolescents: A comparison of rating scale and paired comparison methods
Authors: Iijima Yudai , Okumura Yasuyuki , Yamasaki Syudo , Ando Shuntaro , Okada Kensuke , Koike Shinsuke , Endo Kaori , Morimoto Yuko , Williams Aya , Murai Toshiya , Tanaka Saori C. , Hiraiwa‐Hasegawa Mariko , Kasai Kiyoto , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionFor assessing personal values, the rating scale method may not adequately reflect the hierarchical structure of personal values and tends to be influenced by response style bias. The paired comparison method is considered a promising alternative approach, because it engages comparative judgment and may reduce response style biases. The present study aimed to compare these two methods for assessing the hierarchy of personal values among adolescents.MethodsA total of 191 community‐dwelling adolescents aged 12–15 years old completed the rating scale and paired comparison version of the Brief Personalized Value Inventory. Descriptive statistics and latent class analyses were used to assess the difference between the rating scale and paired comparison methods.ResultsThe two methods yielded similar rankings and means for personal values. The number of subgroups identified by latent class analysis was higher in the paired comparison method than in the rating scale method (10‐class vs. 5‐class). In the results using the rating scale method, there was a subgroup with high scores on all personal values items.ConclusionsThe paired comparison method captured substantially more heterogeneity in the hierarchy of personal values among adolescents compared to the rating scale, which may be influenced by response style bias.
Movement Disorders Due to Selective Basal Ganglia Lesions with Uremia
Authors: Hamed Sherifa , Mohamed Khaled , Abd Elhameed Sameer , Moussa Ehab , Abozaid Hossam , Lang Anthony , Mohamed Amany , Moussa Jacklin 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Basal ganglia (BG) lesions are rarely reported in patients with uremia and may manifest by movement disorders. However, their exact incidence and pathogenesis have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to determine the frequency, types, risk variables (clinical, laboratory, and imaging), and manifestations of BG lesions with uremia and patients’ neurologic outcomes.Methods:This observational study included 70 adults (mean age: 45.87 ± 3.36 years; duration of uremia: 5.5 ± 1.5 years). They underwent extensive evaluations (clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging) and had prospectively evaluated clinically every 3 months for 2 years. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brains were done to patients with movement disorders and correlated with their neurologic outcomes.Results:BG lesions were found in 15 patients (21.4%) and 6 (8.6%) had movement disorders [Parkinsonism (n = 4), choreo-dystonia (n = 1) and dystonia (n = 1)] after the onset of uremia (mean = 10 months). There were no characteristic risk variables that distinguished patients with movement disorders from those without. Five developed movement disorders prior to the period of the study and one was de novo. The majority was females and had diabetes and higher frequencies of abnormal renal dysfunction, metabolic derangements, and white matter hyperintensities in MRIs. Movement disorders persisted in all patients despite the resolution of neuroimaging in three patients.Conclusions:There is no clear threshold for renal failure to result in movement disorders due to BG lesions. The clinical outcome is variables depending on each patient’s comorbidities and complications. Persistent neuronal damage (due to uremic toxins/metabolic/nutritional and ischemic/microvascular factors) has been suggested as the cause of poor neurologic outcomes.
Citizens without Nations: A Response
Authors: Prak Maarten 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInCitizens without Nations, I argued that national histories have overlooked a large and significant range of citizenship practices that can be found in towns and cities across the pre-modern world. These practices related to local politics (elections, consultations), to economic activities (guilds), to social policies (poor relief), and to military defence (civic militias). This rejoinder addresses three issues raised by critics Jack Goldstone, Katherine Lynch, and R. Bin Wong in relation to my book on urban citizenship in Europe, Asia, and the Americas: ideas, including religion, nations, and economic growth. All three have a lot to do with the implications of global comparisons. Ideas and nations have taken distinct forms in the various world regions. Foregrounding them makes comparisons more difficult. Urban contexts, on the other hand, can be more easily compared. Economic development was introduced in the book as a benchmark to see if and how citizenship arrangements might have impacted prosperity. The economic numbers are, however, still fragile for the pre-industrial era. Therefore, they will have to be supplemented with qualitative studies, which are slowly but surely emerging also outside Europe.