bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypermethylated PAX1 and ZNF582 genes in the tissue sample are associated with aggressive progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Rui , Juan Yi‐Chen , Su Yee‐Fun , Zhang Wen‐Bo , Yu Yao , Yang Hong‐Yu , Yu Guang‐Yan , Peng Xin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDNA methylation of paired box gene 1 (PAX1) and zinc finger 582 (ZNF582) is promising cancer biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma detection. This study aims to investigate the correlation between PAX1 or ZNF582 methylation and the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and MethodsA total of 135 OSCC cases from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were enrolled in this study. Tissue specimens were collected from the lesion site and corresponding adjacent normal site. The methylation level of these two genes was evaluated in primary and recurrent OSCC group.ResultsHypermethylation of PAX1 or ZNF582 was observed in lesion sites among primary and recurrent OSCC cases. In the lesion site of primary cases, promoter methylation was observed in T3/T4 (PAX1: P = .02; ZNF582: P = .01), stage III/IV (PAX1: P = .03; ZNF582: P = .01), and bone invasion cases (PAX1: P = .02; ZNF582: P = .047). In the subgroup analysis, the correlation between hypermethylation and OSCC severity remains significant with exposure to smoking/alcohol consumption.ConclusionsHypermethylated PAX1 and ZNF582 can sufficiently act as biomarkers to reflect the severity or progression of OSCC.
Pollinator shifts along an elevation gradient mediate different response in self‐pollination in heterostylous Primula nivalis
Authors: Abdusalam Aysajan , Liao Wan‐Jin , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang , Li Qing‐Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPollinator shift and its influence on floral traits have been well documented to explain the diversity of angiosperms, but such effects are still less known at the intraspecific level, especially the responses of different morphs of distylous plants. We hypothesized that the pollen transfer efficiency would decrease if the pollinator shifted from a long‐tongued to short‐tongued insect across populations, and plants would evolve towards selfing in response to the stressed pollination environment. Given the gender specialization between flower morphs, the long styled (L‐morph) plants would increase female reproduction. Our study showed that the short‐tongued Bombus tianshanicus, the most‐visit pollinator in high elevation populations of distylous Primula nivalis, was less efficient in pollen transfer than long‐tongued Bombylius major. The plants evolved to promote selfing through reducing the anther–stigma separation and increasing intramorph self‐compatibility. The hand pollination experiment showed that after intramorph selfing, the fruit set and seed set increased with increasing elevation. Moreover, anther and stigma were closer in the L‐morph than in the short styled (S‐morph) plants, and the L‐morphs showed higher pollen transfer efficiency than the S‐morphs. Along with increased self‐compatibility, the fruit set and seed set of L‐morph plants were significantly higher than those of S‐morph plants. We described the pollinator shifts along an elevation gradient in a distylous plant and the response of plants by promoting selfing, which confirmed our hypothesis and supported the pollinator‐shift model. Our study also highlighted the different response in self‐compatibility between flower morphs.
Sex and age differences in tree cavity dependence in a small arboreal marsupial
Authors: Goldingay R. L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMany mammal species depend on tree cavities for shelter and for breeding. Some species may use tree cavities as well as other varied shelters, but the extent of their dependence on tree cavities is unknown. One such species is the eastern pygmy‐possum (Cercartetus nanus) from eastern Australia which typically shelters alone. Four key questions were addressed: (1) do different age and sex classes differ in their preferences for small (4 cm diameter) and large (10 cm diameter) cavities, (2) does the availability of large cavities influence female breeding status, (3) does the availability of large cavities influence where adult females and males are detected, and (4) does the availability of large cavities influence survival and abundance? Two 9‐ha plots containing few (≤2 per ha) ‘large’ natural cavities were provisioned with artificial cavities in different years. When plots were provisioned with small and large cavities, breeding females (n = 46) showed a pronounced preference for sheltering in the large cavities while adult males (n = 67) and subadults (n = 40) preferred the small cavities. When one plot and not the other was provisioned with large cavities, adult females were significantly more likely to be reproductive and be detected on the plot with large cavities, but survival was not influenced. Detection of adult males did not vary with large cavity provisioning. The abundance of adult pygmy‐possums varied among years, being higher on the plot provisioned with large cavities when the other plot was not provisioned, but equivalent when both were provisioned. The findings of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that breeding females are dependent on a large cavity to raise a litter. Other mammal species around the world are likely to exhibit similar but currently unrecognized shelter site strategies which have implications for their management.
Overview of transnational recommendations for COVID‐19 transmission control in dental care settings
Authors: Jamal Mohamed , Shah Maanas , Almarzooqi Sameeha Husain , Aber Hend , Khawaja Summayah , El Abed Rashid , Alkhatib Zuhair , Samaranayake Lakshman Perera 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOn 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) as a pandemic. Until an effective treatment or a vaccine is developed, the current recommendations are to contain the disease, and control its transmission. It is now clear that the primary mode of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission is aerosol/droplet spread, and by contacting virus‐contaminated surfaces acting as fomites (inanimate vectors). Furthermore, recent data indicate that the live virus particles are present in saliva, and, more alarmingly, asymptomatic individuals may transmit the infection. By virtue of the nature of the practice of dentistry where intrinsically, a high volume of aerosols is produced, as well as the close proximity of dentists and patients during treatment, dentists and allied health staff are considered the highest risk health professional group for acquiring SARS‐CoV‐2 during patient management. Therefore, several organizations and specialty associations have proposed guidelines and recommendations for limiting the transmission of SARS‐COV‐2 from carriers to dentists and vice versa. This paper aims to provide a review of these guidelines, and concludes with a brief look at how the practice of dentistry may be impacted by COVID‐19, in the post‐pandemic era.
Cryptic growth strategies of the Cambrian coralCambroctoconus: flexible modes of budding and growth in immediate response to available space
Authors: Ezaki Yoichi , Adachi Natsuko , Liu Jianbo , Yan Zhen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Cambrian coralCambroctoconusoccurs selectively in the crypts of calcimicrobeEpiphytonreefs of the Zhangxia Formation (Miaolingian) in Shandong Province, North China. These cryptobionts preferentially grow laterally and/or downward, in some cases showing pendent growth from the ceilings of the reef framework. The upside‐down growth is clearly shown by the downward‐oriented aperture and the presence of fork‐like holdfasts at its base. The coral aggregations reveal two cryptic growth strategies: one involves the prevalence of far smaller individuals in vertically narrow spaces; the other involves the predominance of modular individuals in large cavernous spaces. Offset individuals frequently appear projecting downward and are connected to each other in a chain‐like fashion. Individuals often undergo rejuvenescence laterally and downward, when the growth directions may change. Therefore, the size and modularity of individuals and the direction of budding depend largely upon the cryptic microenvironments available at the time. The cryptobionts make the best use of vacant spaces by modifying the location of budding and altering their growth directions through rejuvenescence. The cryptic growth strategies found inCambroctoconusindicate a certain degree of morphological variability in the modules. More importantly, they indicate that the individuals flexibly and exquisitely utilized the microbial crypts that were still predominant even during the middle Cambrian. These modes of cryptic growth demonstrate the age‐specific exploitation of niches by sessile skeletal organisms that was facilitated by the development of a firm attachment structure.
An intermediate type of medusa from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation, South China
Authors: Wang Xing , Vannier Jean , Yang Xiaoguang , Kubota Shin , Ou Qiang , Yao Xiaoyong , Uesugi Kentaro , Sasaki Osamu , Komiya Tsuyoshi , Han Jian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe tetraradial or pentaradial fossil embryos and related hatched individuals from the early Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Formation are of great interest for understanding the early evolution of medusozoans. The phylogenetic and evolutionary significance of their external and internal characters (e.g. manubrium, tentacles, septa and claustra) is still controversial. Here we describe a new pentamerous medusozoan, Hanagyroia orientalis gen. et sp. nov., characterized by five well‐developed perradial oral lips around a remarkably large manubrium, a conspicuous equatorial groove, and five short interradial pairs of extensile tentacles at the bell margin. Internally, five broad and stout interradial septa join horizontally to form the claustra. Hanagyroia orientalis lacks the frenula, apertural lappet and velarium seen in coeval microfossils and extant cubozoans. Although H. orientalis resembles extant coronate scyphozoans in its round medusa‐like bell margin and equatorial groove, cladistic analysis suggests close affinity with cubozoans. Hanagyroia may represent an intermediate morphological type between scyphozoans and cubozoans. The well‐developed oral lips and paired short strong tentacles of Hanagyroia suggest direct development.
Patterns of intraspecific variation through ontogeny: a case study of the Cretaceous nautilidEutrephoceras dekayiand modernNautilus pompilius
Authors: Tajika Amane , Landman Neil H. , Morimoto Naoki , Ikuno Kenji , Linn Tom 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe magnitude and ontogenetic patterns of intraspecific variation can provide important insights into the evolution and development of organisms. Understanding the intraspecific variation of organisms is also a key to correctly pursuing studies in major fields of palaeontology. However, intraspecific variation has been largely overlooked in ectocochleate cephalopods, particularly nautilids. Furthermore, little is known regarding the evolutionary pattern. Here, we present morphological data for the Cretaceous nautilidEutrephoceras dekayi(Morton) and the modern nautilidNautilus pompiliusLinnaeus through ontogeny. The data are used to describe conch morphology and to elucidate the evolutionary patterns of intraspecific variation. We discovered a similar overall pattern of growth trajectories and the presence of morphological changes at hatching and maturity in both taxa. We also found that intraspecific variation is higher in earlier ontogeny than in later ontogeny in both taxa. The high variation in earlier ontogeny may imply increased flexibility in changing the timing of developmental events, which probably played an important role in nautilid evolution. We assume that the decrease in variation in later ontogeny reflects developmental constraints. Lastly, we compared the similarity/dissimilarity of ontogenetic patterns of variation between taxa. Results reveal that the similarity/dissimilarity of the ontogenetic pattern differs betweenE. dekayiandN. pompilius. We conclude that this shift in the ontogenetic pattern of variation may be rooted in changes in the developmental programme of nautilids through time. We propose that studying ontogenetic patterns of intraspecific variation can provide new insights into the evolution and development of organisms.
Property Tax Information and Support for School Bond Referenda: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Brunner Eric J. , Robbins Mark D. , Simonsen Bill 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article reports on an experiment testing whether additional information influences support for bond referenda. Respondents were randomly assigned to treatment conditions that varied the way the potential implications of property tax increases were presented to voters. The results show a persistent negative effect of tax information on the probability of support for school bond referenda across all treatments. Specifically, the results show that the probability of voting yes decreased by 6 to 9 percentage points, depending on the treatment. This result persists across multiple specifications and robustness tests. The effects are consistent across populations, with only those with high levels of education showing no statistically significant effect of the treatment on their support for school referenda.Evidence for Practice

Some states require bond referenda to include statements that seek to make plain the connection between ballot passage and property taxes, while others do not.
We find a persistent negative effect of property tax information on the probability of support for school bond referenda of 6 to 9 percentage points, depending on the wording.
This line of research has become increasingly important to public policy making given that about half the states, including the largest state, California, have some type of property tax wording requirements for referenda.
We argue that providing wording connecting property taxes to bond referenda passage is consistent with transparency efforts governments have pursued for decades. However, such wording might not improve the accuracy of information for citizens since, ultimately, the ensuing property tax levy depends on myriad factors, only one of which is debt service on bonds.
Australian Quarantine Policy: From Centralization to Coordination with Mid‐Pandemic COVID‐19 Shifts
Authors: Moloney Kim , Moloney Susan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCombining a historical institutionalism approach with institutional isomorphism and punctuated equilibrium, this article analyzes quarantine policy change across 120 years of Australian quarantine history. By anchoring its analysis within specific time periods (the years before the Spanish flu, seven decades of inaction, and multiple post‐1997 pandemic updates and responses), the authors highlight when and why policies did or did not change and how the constant push‐and‐pull between state and Commonwealth institutional ownership altered policy possibilities. The heart of the analysis showcases how Australia's successful COVID‐19 response is a unique output of prior quarantine policies, institutional evolution, and mid‐pandemic alterations of key national pandemic response plans.
Why regulators assess risk differently: Regulatory style, business organization, and the varied practice of risk‐based food safety inspections across the EU
Authors: Borraz Olivier , Beaussier Anne‐Laure , Wesseling Mara , Demeritt David , Rothstein Henry , Hermans Marijke , Huber Michael , Paul Regine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article advances scholarship on comparative regulation by moving beyond the conventional focus on formal law and EU comitology to assess the extent of ‘practice convergence’ in the implementation of EU regulation. Drawing on 50 key informant interviews, a survey, and policy document analysis, we compare how regulators in England, Germany, France and the Netherlands have implemented EU requirements that food safety inspections be ‘risk‐based’. Focusing on a clear dependent variable – risk‐scoring methods – we find important differences in the conception and targeting of risk‐based inspections; with starkly different implications for what kind of food businesses they need to target to ensure safety within an ostensibly harmonized single market. We attribute variation in the implementation of risk‐based inspection to the ways that EU requirements were filtered through long‐entrenched regulatory styles and modes of food business organization in each country, reinforcing preexisting inspection practices in the design of new risk‐based tools.
Does women’s participation in agricultural technology adoption decisions affect the adoption of climate‐smart agriculture? Insights from Indo‐Gangetic Plains of India
Authors: Aryal Jeetendra Prakash , Farnworth Cathy R. , Khurana Ritika , Ray Srabashi , Sapkota Tek B. , Rahut Dil Bahadur 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreased participation of women in the agricultural technology adoption decision by farm households is one of the key indicators of gender empowerment in the agricultural sector. This study examines whether women’s participation in the household decision to adopt agricultural technology affects the adoption of climate‐smart agriculture (CSA), using data collected from 1,267 farm households from two Indian states of Bihar and Haryana. When we considered the sex of the household head (using a dummy variable for male‐headed vs female‐headed household) as a basis of analyzing the role of gender in the adoption of CSA, we found that women in Haryana had no role in the adoption of CSA. On the contrary, when we considered women’s participation in technology adoption decisions as a basis of gender analysis, we found that women’s participation in technology adoption decisions in Haryana is much higher as compared to Bihar. Consequently, the likelihood to adopt CSA is higher in Haryana than in Bihar. We also found that wealth, training, and access to extension and market positively influenced CSA adoption. Qualitative analysis shows that women farmers prioritize family food security rather than farm income, and therefore, they are more likely to focus on CSA to ensure food security.
Measuring Income Inequality Across Countries and Over Time: The Standardized World Income Inequality Database
Authors: Solt Frederick 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis article documents wide‐ranging revisions to the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID), which seeks to maximize the comparability of income inequality estimates for the broadest possible coverage of countries and years.MethodsTwok‐fold cross‐validations, by observation and by country, are used to evaluate the SWIID's success in predicting the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), recognized in the field as setting the standard for comparability.ResultsThe cross‐validations indicate that the new SWIID's estimates and their uncertainty are even more accurate than previous versions, extending its advantage in comparability over alternate income inequality data sets.ConclusionGiven its superior coverage and comparability, the SWIID remains the optimum source of data for broadly cross‐national research on income inequality.
Successful management of noncirrhotic hyperammonemia syndrome after kidney transplantation from putative Ureaplasma infection
Authors: Cheema Faiqa , Kutzler Heather L. , Olowofela Ayokunle S. , Maneckshana Bejon T. , Rochon Caroline , Sheiner Patricia A. , Serrano Oscar K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNoncirrhotic hyperammonemia (NCH) is a rare but often fatal complication of solid organ transplantation. We present a case wherein an infectious cause of NCH was suspected following kidney transplantation (KT) and the patient was promptly started on empirical antibiotic treatment which proved to be lifesaving. A 56‐year‐old Chinese woman with a past medical history of end‐stage renal disease secondary to ischemic nephropathy and cerebrovascular accident received a kidney from a 52‐year‐old brain‐dead donor with a Kidney Donor Profile Index score of 70%. She experienced immediate graft function and was discharged on post‐operative day (POD) 4. On POD 10, she presented with a fever, acute onset of confusion, and abdominal pain. Her mental status deteriorated and required emergent intubation. Empiric broad‐spectrum antibiotics were initiated. On hospital day 3, a serum ammonia was 889 μmol/L (normal <53 μmol/L). A urine sample was sent for Ureaplasma polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, and moxifloxacin and doxycycline were empirically started. Her ammonia rapidly normalized, and her mental status improved 48 hours after antibiotic initiation. She was extubated 5 days into treatment and was discharged after an 11‐day hospitalization. Following discharge, her urine test resulted positive for Ureaplasma parvum or Ureaplasma urealyticum DNA detection with the 16S rRNA gene amplification probe. Mental status changes and hyperammonemia in the first 30 days post‐KT should raise suspicion for NCH, and prompt empiric treatment with antimicrobials covering Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma should be considered.
Response of industrial hemp to Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities under organic and conventional fertilisation
Authors: Akrami‐Dizaj Mohammad , Sarabi Vahid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 2‐year field study was conducted to determine the effects of different nutrition systems and Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities on industrial hemp yield and its components. Experiments were conducted as a split plot in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. Factors were fertilisation (poultry manure, vermicompost and nitrogen fertiliser) as the main plot and weed density (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 plants/m2) as the subplot. Results indicated that the maximum number of racemes per plant, seeds per raceme, 1000‐seed weight, biomass, grain yield and harvest index (HI) of industrial hemp were obtained using vermicompost and were reduced with nitrogen fertiliser application. All measured properties in hemp plants decreased due to increasing S. kali subsp. tragus density, especially at 15 and 20 plants/m2. The most significant reduction in hemp grain yield and its components was observed by increasing weed density with the application of nitrogen fertiliser. The application of vermicompost at high weed densities resulted in greater hemp grain yield and its components compared with nitrogen fertiliser. It is recommended to apply organic fertilisers, especially vermicompost at high S. kali subsp. tragus densities.
Design as a Feature of Biomedical Engineering Education—Satisfying ABET and Preparing Students to Address Clinical Needs
Authors: Grimm Michele J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Design is an important aspect of biomedical engineering education. It prepares students to work as part of a team to develop systems that address medical and health-related needs—and it is required to be part of an accredited undergraduate engineering program. This work looks at the history of design requirements in the U.S. and the current state of biomedical engineering curricula with respect to design. As a growing number of programs have expanded their design program beyond the capstone project, some examples of innovative programs are described. There is no single way to address design education within an undergraduate biomedical engineering program. However, intentional development of this component of the curriculum can enhance the impact on student learning and outcomes.