bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on gas‐liquid flow distribution in downward parallel pipes of a 660 MW ultrasupercritical CFB boiler
Authors: Xin Yafei , Niu Tiantian , Li Yinlong , Yang Dong 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe arrangement of downward flowing evaporation heating surface in the furnace can effectively reduce the height of the furnace in the ultrasupercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler. According to the structural parameters of 660 MW ultrasupercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler, the scaled experimental system was established on the basis of the similarity criterion. The distribution of the gas–liquid two‐phase flow in the parallel branch pipes of the downward and the upward water‐cooled wing‐wall was studied under the rated loads of 25%, 50%, and 70% THA. The void fraction distribution, flow distribution of each phase, and dryness distribution in each branch pipe of the downcomers and the risers of the water‐cooled wing‐wall were measured via the quick‐closing valve method and the split‐phase measurement method. In the downward water‐cooled wing‐wall, both the nonuniform coefficient of void fraction and dryness in each branch pipe decreased with the increase in dryness in the inlet header. Under the same average dryness, the nonuniform coefficient of the void fraction increased with the increase in load. In the upward water‐cooled wing‐wall, under the same load, the uniformity of flow distribution was improved as the dryness increases. Under the same dryness condition, as the boiler load increases, the deviation coefficient of each phase distribution between the parallel pipes increased and the unevenness increased. In the study of flow and heat transfer characteristics of two‐phase flow, the void fraction α is a very important intermediate calculation parameter. The correlation formula of the cross‐sectional void fraction in the downward water‐cooled wing‐wall was fitted, and the calculation result was better compared with drift‐flux model, with an error of −6% to 6%.
Dietary intake of carbohydrates in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes—A narrative review
Authors: Roskjær Ann B. , Ásbjörnsdóttir Björg , Tetens Inge , Larnkjær Anni , Mølgaard Christian , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, a low but sufficient, intake of carbohydrates is important to aim for near normal glycemic control. However, knowledge about the carbohydrate intake in this group is limited. To assess the average quantity and quality of carbohydrate intake in pregnant women with type 1diabetes compared to healthy pregnant women and current dietary reference intakes. A narrative literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library and by using a snow‐ball search technique to identify papers published on studies conducted in industrialized countries within the last 20 years. Intakes of carbohydrate were assessed qualitatively in relation to the Dietary Reference Intakes recommended by the American Diabetes Association and quantitatively as mean intake of dietary fiber. Five observational studies including 810 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes and 15 observational studies with a total of 118,246 healthy pregnant women were identified. The mean total carbohydrate intake was within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (45%–64% of energy intake) in both groups. In pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, the average total intake was 218 ± 19 g/day, which was 20% (53 g/day) lower than in healthy pregnant women. Mean intake of dietary fiber in women with diabetes was lower than the recommended adequate intake for healthy women. With the limitations of pronounced heterogeneity across the included studies, pregnant women with type 1 diabetes reported a mean total carbohydrate intake, which was lower than in healthy pregnant women but still within the recommended range.
Novel factor in olfactory ensheathing cell‐astrocyte crosstalk: Anti‐inflammatory protein α‐crystallin B
Authors: Saglam Aybike , Calof Anne L. , Wray Susan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAstrocytes are key players in CNS neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration that may help or hinder recovery, depending on the context of the injury. Although pro‐inflammatory factors that promote astrocyte‐mediated neurotoxicity have been shown to be secreted by reactive microglia, anti‐inflammatory factors that suppress astrocyte activation are not well‐characterized. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), glial cells that wrap axons of olfactory sensory neurons, have been shown to moderate astrocyte reactivity, creating an environment conducive to regeneration. Similarly, astrocytes cultured in medium conditioned by cultured OECs (OEC‐CM) show reduced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa‐B (NFκB), a pro‐inflammatory protein that induces neurotoxic reactivity in astrocytes. In this study, we screened primary and immortalized OEC lines to identify these factors and discovered that Alpha B‐crystallin (CryAB), an anti‐inflammatory protein, is secreted by OECs via exosomes, coordinating an intercellular immune response. Our results showed that: (a) OEC exosomes block nuclear NFκB translocation in astrocytes while exosomes from CryAB‐null OECs could not; (b) OEC exosomes could be taken up by astrocytes, and (c) CryAB treatment suppressed neurotoxicity‐associated astrocyte transcripts. Our results indicate CryAB, as well as other factors secreted by OECs, are potential agents that can ameliorate, or even reverse, the growth‐inhibitory environment created by neurotoxic reactive astrocytes following CNS injuries.
Genetic polymorphisms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome among Iranian women
Authors: Jamshidi Mohammad , Mohammadi Pour Somayeh , Bahadoram Mohammad , Mahmoudian‐Sani Mohammad‐Reza , Saeedi Boroujeni Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) involves abnormalities in ovarian, reproductive, and metabolic systems. Genetic polymorphisms associated with individual differences and variations might be related to complex disorders with unknown causes, including PCOS. Several leading genetic markers with known cellular functions have been identified among Iranian women presenting with PCOS. In particular, the existing evidence shows a significant relationship between PCOS and the following genetic polymorphisms: rs2275913 (interleukin‐17A), rs9927163 (interleukin‐32), Pro12Ala (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ), rs17173608 (chemerin), rs2236242 (vaspin), ApaI (vitamin D receptor), and rs7895833 (sirtuin 1). In addition, a higher risk of PCOS is associated with the rs2910164 (microRNA 146a), rs2241766 (adiponectin), –34 T/C (cytochrome 17), and rs1800682 (Fas) polymorphisms. Furthermore, protective effects against PCOS have been reported for the A4223C polymorphism of adenosine deaminase 1. Overall, the available data indicate that Iranian women with PCOS have a higher prevalence of polymorphisms in inflammation‐ and metabolism‐related genes, but not in insulin‐related genes. More extensive studies are needed to identify the ethnicity‐related genetic associations in PCOS.
Successful surgical resection and reconstruction of scrotal elephantiasis
Authors: Hattori Yuto , Hayata Naoki , Nakamura Kenji , Takahashi Takeshi , Mitsumori Kenji , Ohnishi Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionAn enlarged scrotum due to scrotal elephantiasis results in a poor quality of life. This condition is uncommon and challenging to manage for most urologists. We report a case of scrotal elephantiasis treated with resection and scrotal reconstruction.Case presentationA 57‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital with a 6‐year history of scrotal swelling. The scrotum was 20 cm in diameter, stiff, and thick. He was diagnosed with chronic scrotal lymphedema and underwent scrotal resection. The skin and subcutaneous tissues of the scrotum were excised, and the suprapubic skin, which was stretched by the enlarged scrotum, was used for the scrotal reconstruction. The penis was pulled out from this hole in the skin.ConclusionUtilizing suprapubic skin flap for scrotal reconstruction is an effective treatment for scrotal elephantiasis that can result in functionally and cosmetically successful outcomes.
LncRNA RAD51‐AS1/miR‐29b/c‐3p/NDRG2 crosstalk repressed proliferation, invasion and glycolysis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Caiping , Wang Pengcheng , Du Jiabin , Chen Junxing , Liu Weinan , Ye Kai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLncRNAs are recently increasingly emerging as molecules that take its part in human carcinogenesis. A large body of literature has identified the functional roles of lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of CRC. The current study was intended to provide new ideas and perspectives for the functional role of lncRNA RAD51‐AS1 in regulating CRC progression. Herein, a survey of RAD51‐AS1 expression profile in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)‐colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) dataset revealed that RAD51‐AS1 was downregulated in COAD specimens. Consistently, RAD51‐AS1 expression was observed to be lower in CRC cell lines compared with normal cell line (NCM460). In the meanwhile, both the levels of miR‐29b‐3p and miR‐29c‐3p were prominently elevated in CRC cells. Functionally, administration of RAD51‐AS1 refrained growth, invasion and migration of CRC cells. Additionally, accumulation of RAD51‐AS1 hampered glucose consumption and lactate production, as well as the restraint of hexokinase 2 (HK2) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) levels. More important, RAD51‐AS1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for sponging miR‐29b‐3p and miR‐29c‐3p, leading to enhancement of their common target N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 2 (NDRG2). Mechanistically, the delivery of miR‐29b/c‐3p mimics or ablation of NDRG2 effectively blunted the salutary effects of RAD51‐AS1 on CRC cell behaviors. Moreover, augmentation of RAD51‐AS1 inhibited the tumorigenesis of CRC cells in vivo. Collectively, these findings provide comprehensive evidence that RAD51‐AS1 repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis process, ultimately contributing to the progression of CRC by repressing the miR‐29b/c‐3p/NDRG2 signaling axis, insinuating the putative potential of RAD51‐AS1/miR‐29b/c‐3p/NDRG2 interaction network in unraveling CRC pathology and hopefully contributed to the treatment of CRC patients.
Talking to policy makers about genetic counseling: A personal reflection
Authors: Bishop Michelle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany genetic counselors will, at some point in their career, work alongside policy makers either at a local, regional, or national level. This commentary reflects my personal experience of working with policy makers in the National Health Service (NHS) in England. It outlines the challenges I faced and the lessons that I learnt along the way. This article is not meant to be a ‘how to guide’, rather to provide some practical tips to those new to working in policy and strategy. Throughout this commentary, I have compared working with policy makers with other areas that I have worked in, including genetic counseling, and shown how I have drawn on different skills to support this new area of my work. I hope that others will be able to reflect on my experience and see how they can also use their own attributes in similar situations.
Robotic vs open distal pancreatectomy: A multi‐institutional matched comparison analysis
Authors: Magistri Paolo , Boggi Ugo , Esposito Alessandro , Carrano Francesco Maria , Pesi Benedetta , Ballarin Roberto , De Pastena Matteo , Menonna Francesca , Moraldi Luca , Melis Marcovalerio , Coratti Andrea , Newman Elliot , Napoli Niccolò , Ramera Marco , Di Benedetto Fabrizio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic surgery is still a challenge even in high‐volume centers. Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF) represents the greatest contributor to major morbidity and mortality, especially following pancreatic distal resection. In this study, we compared robotic distal pancreatectomy (RDP) to open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) in terms of CR‐POPF development and analyzed oncologic efficacy of RDP in the subgroup of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsWe collected data from five high‐volume centers for pancreatic surgery and performed a matched comparison analysis to compare short and long‐term outcomes after ODP or RDP. Patients were matched with a 2:1 ratio according to age, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score, body mass index (BMI), final pathology, and TNM (Tumour, Node, Metastasis) staging system VIII ed.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐six patients who underwent 82 RDPs and 164 ODPs were included. No differences were found in the incidence of CR‐POPF. In the PDAC group, median DFS and OS were 10.8 months and 14.8 months in the ODP group and 10.4 months and 15 months in the RDP group, respectively.ConclusionsRobotic distal pancreatectomy is a safe surgical strategy for PDAC and incidence of CR‐POPF is equivalent between RDP and ODP. RDP should be considered equivalent to ODP in terms of oncological efficacy when performed in high‐volume and proficient centers.
MRI in Children With Pyriform Sinus Fistula
Authors: Han Zhonglong , Tai Jun , Gao Jun , Wang Shengcai , Yu Tong , Peng Yun , Ni Xin 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundA variety of imaging modalities have been described for the diagnosis of congenital pyriform sinus fistula (CPSF). To date, there have been few MRI reports.PurposeTo evaluate MRI findings of CPSF and interobserver reliability.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 115 patients aged 23 days to 15.4 years at operation.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T/axial T1‐weighted image (T1WI)‐SPIR, axialT2WI, axialT2WI‐STIR, coronalT2WI‐SPIR, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), axial and coronal gadolinium‐enhancedT1WI‐SPIR.AssessmentFor each patient, the medical records, including demographics, clinical manifestations, and MRI findings were reviewed. All the MRI studies were interpreted by three radiologists independently.Statistical TestKendall's W test was made to determine the interobserver reliability of three reviewers for MRI findings.ResultsCPSF occurred on the left side in 104 (90.4%) patients and on the right side in 11 (9.6%) patients. The male‐to‐female ratio was 59:56. The age at first episode varied from birth to 12.3 years. There was one neonate patient, who presented with a unilocular cystic mass in the left neck. A tunnel‐like lesion between the pyriform fossa and the upper pole of the thyroid gland, T2high signal behind the cricothyroid joint, thyroid gland involvement, deep neck abscesses or masses were noted in 46 (40%), 93 (80.9%), 96 (83.5%), and 36 (31.3%) patients, respectively. There was excellent interobserver reliability for all the MRI findings, ranging from 0.84 to 1.00.Data ConclusionThe sinus tract presenting with a tunnel‐like lesion goes behind the cricothyroid joint in most cases. For patients presenting with acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) or neck infection with thyroid gland involvement, the presence of T2high signal behind the cricothyroid joint highly suggests the diagnosis of CPSF. MRI is a reliable method for the diagnosis of CPSF.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage2
Non‐target environmental analysis by liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry with a product ion and neutral loss database
Authors: Suzuki Shigeru , Hasegawa Atsuko , Uebori Michiko , Shinomiya Miho , Yoshida Yasuko , Ookubo Kaori , Takino Masahiko , Hasegawa Hitomi , Takazawa Mari , Takemine Shusuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite the increasing detection of emerging substances in the environment, the identity of most are left unknown due to the lack of efficient identification methods. We developed a non‐target analysis method for identifying unknown substances in the environment by liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) with a product ion and neutral loss database (PNDB). The present analysis describes an elucidation method with elemental compositions of the molecules, product ions, and corresponding neutral losses of the unknown substance: (1) with the molecular formula, possible molecular structures are retrieved from two chemical structure databases (PubChem and ChemSpider); then (2) with the elemental compositions of product ions and neutral losses, possible partial structures are retrieved from the PNDB; and finally, (3) molecular structures that match the possible partial structures are listed in order of number of hits. A molecular structure with a higher number of hits is more similar to the structure of the analyzed substance. The performance of the non‐target method was evaluated by simulated analysis of 150 LC/HRMS spectra registered in MassBank. First, all substances of the same mass data (41/41) and 68% (39/57) of the mass data of the same substances not registered in the PNDB were elucidated. It was demonstrated that 14% (7/52) and 31% (16/52) of the substances with no mass spectral data registered in the PNDB were obtained at the first and within the fifth place, respectively. Owing to the fact that 10 of the total hits occurred in product ions and neutral losses, almost 50% of the substances evaluated with this method were placed at the top 4 positions in the similarity ranking. Importantly, the proposed method is effective for analyzing mass spectral data that has not been registered in the PNDB and thus is expected to be used for a variety of non‐target analyses.
Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of COVID‐19: A review of available evidence
Authors: Moradimajd Parisa , Samaee Hamidreza , Sedigh‐Maroufi Shahnam , Kourosh‐Aami Masoumeh , Mohsenzadegan Monireh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince December 31, 2019, unknown causes of pneumonia have been reported in Wuhan, China. This special pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus was named 2019‐nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020. From the beginning of this infectious disease, clinicians and researchers have been endeavoring to discover an effective and suitable treatment for affected patients. To date, there is no definitive and specific treatments for coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) infection while drugs introduced are still in the clinical trial phase. Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is a biological product prepared from the serum and an optional treatment for patients with antibody deficiencies. In many countries, much attention has been paid to the use of IVIG in the treatment of patients with COVID‐19. Due to the therapeutic importance of IVIG in virus infections, in the current study, we reviewed the possible effect of IVIG in viral infections and potential evidence of IVIG therapy in patients with COVID‐19 virus.
Improvement in quality of life and cardiac function after catheter ablation for asymptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Onishi Naoaki , Kyo Shokan , Oi Maki , Jinnai Toshikazu , Kuroda Maiko , Shimizu Yukiko , Imamura Sari , Harita Takeshi , Nishiuchi Suguru , Hanazawa Koji , Tamura Toshihiro , Izumi Chisato , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Kaitani Kazuaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) is widely performed. However, the indication for CA in patients with asymptomatic persistent AF is still controversial.MethodsAmong 259 consecutive patients who were hospitalized for initial CA of AF, a total of 45 patients who had asymptomatic persistent AF were retrospectively analyzed. Quality of life (QOL) before and 1 year after CA was evaluated, and changes in the cardiac function over 5 years after CA were also examined. QOL was assessed using the AF QOL questionnaire (AFQLQ) developed by the Japanese Heart Rhythm Society. In addition, cardiac function was assessed by measuring the plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial diameter (LAD) with transthoracic echocardiogram, and left atrial (LA) volume with computed tomography (CT).ResultsThe AFQLQ significantly improved after CA in terms of “symptom frequency” and “activity limits and mental anxiety.” The plasma BNP level, LVEF, and LAD significantly improved in the first 3 months after the first CA, with no significant changes thereafter (from 149.0 pg/dL [95% confidence intervals {CI}, 114.5‐183.5 pg/dL] to 49.8 pg/dL [95% CI, 26.5‐70.1], P < .0001; from 60.8% [95% CI, 58.1%–63.6%] to 65.0% [95% CI, 62.6‐67.4], P = .001; and from 41.3 mm [95% CI, 39.7‐42.9] to 36.8 [95% CI, 34.5‐39.1 mm], P < .0001, respectively). LA volume revealed LA reverse remodeling after CA.ConclusionImprovement in the QOL and cardiac function after CA of asymptomatic persistent AF was revealed. Asymptomatic persistent AF should be appropriately treated by CA.
The influence of atmospheric circulation patterns during large snowfall events in New Zealand's Southern Alps
Authors: Porhemmat Rasool , Purdie Heather , Zawar‐Reza Peyman , Zammit Christian , Kerr Tim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLarge snowfall events contribute significantly to total annual snow accumulation across the maritime Southern Alps. However, the knowledge about atmospheric circulation patterns associated with large snowfall events over the New Zealand Southern Alps is very limited. Daily snow observation data from three automatic weather stations and ERA‐Interim reanalysis data were used to investigate the relationship between atmospheric forcing and large snowfall events across the Southern Alps. To do so, analysis of composite anomaly maps during large snowfall events were carried out to identify the common features of the days with heavy snow accumulation. Large snowfall across the Southern Alps are mainly associated with strong negative anomalies of sea level pressure (SLP) located over the southwest of New Zealand's South Island. These conditions are concurrent with negative anomalies of geopotential heights at 500 (Z500) located in the centre of low‐pressure systems. However, over New Zealand, days leading to large snowfall events experience positive anomalies of Z500 showing a relatively warm environment during such events in the maritime Southern Alps. Positive anomalies of low‐tropospheric temperatures (850 and 1,000 hPa) over the Tasman Sea and across the Southern Alps, strong values of integrated vapour transport (IVT) as well as high frequency of local synoptic patterns associated with troughing regimes (~78%) during large snowfall events provide more evidence of the important contribution of warm air flows.