bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Battling the infodemics: health communication effectiveness during COVID-19
Authors: Sabat I , Varghese N E , Neuman-Böhme S , Barros P P , Brouwer W , van Exel J , Schreyögg J , Stargardt T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in many parts of the world has posed serious concerns to the public health. During this period of crisis, the World Health Organization (WHO) reminds all countries and communities that the spread of this virus can be significantly slowed or even reversed through the implementation of robust containment and control measures. The WHO has also asked the public to be careful while reading and spreading health recommendations from untrustworthy online sources of information. Myths and misbeliefs about the prevention and spread of COVID-19 not only create global panic but also pose risks to people's lives and public health in general. Rampant misinformation on the disease slows down the efforts of public health bodies to contain the outbreak. Therefore, the role of public health bodies in communicating the right message and in the right form to the public is crucial.
In our study, we aim to assess the effectiveness of communication strategies used by international and national public health authorities to inform the public on COVID-19 risks and prevention. In particular, we conduct a survey experiment on a large sample (N = 4000) of adults from seven European countries to test the efficacy of public health messages in a form of prevention and corrective information provision. The study seeks to investigate how people's risk perceptions and behaviors change subject to the preventive information provision or treatment with the information countering widely spread misperceptions about the COVID-19 as compared to the control group.
The findings of this research will be relevant for policymakers and public health professionals in the development of effective communication strategies during disease outbreaks.

Key messages
Risk perceptions towards COVID-19 and their determinants across European countries are unknown. Unclear effectiveness of public health messages in a form of prevention and corrective information provision.
Does Climate Change Matter to Us? Knowledge, Attitudes, and Environmental Behavior
Authors: Dopelt K , Davidovitch N , Loren O , Gapich G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Climate change is one of the greatest global threats to humanity in the 21st century, and it is directly or indirectly caused by human activity. In view of the effects of climate change, it is important to examine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the public. A better understanding of these variables should improve the current debate on the impact of human behavior on environment and health.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire, 704 students were asked about their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to climate change. The data were analyzed using correlations, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression models.

Results
We found that students have a medium level of knowledge about the impact of climate change and that their attitudes are moderately pro-environmental, yet they are not strict about pro-environmental behavior. Students with higher levels of environmental knowledge demonstrated more pro-environmental attitudes and behavior, and attitudes mediate the relationship between level of knowledge and behavior. Women demonstrated more pro-environmental behavior than did men, and computer science and management students have the highest levels of knowledge, while health sciences students hold the most positive attitudes and more pro-environmental behavior.

Conclusions
Our results highlight the importance of raising awareness of the effects of climate change and increasing knowledge about how climate change can be mitigated. To this end, an introductory course on environmental science should be integrated into various academic study programs. Further research is needed in order to understand the factors associated with pro-environmental behavior and how to promote it.

Key messages
Environmental behavior is a function of knowledge, skills, and values. Nevertheless, gaps might exist between social and environmental values that a person aspires to believe in and his/her behavior. Preferring the present over the future is a classic sustainability problem, as intentional sustainable behavior necessitates long-term thinking and gives precedence to future benefits.
Gentrification, mobility patterns and health in Lisbon: a time series’ analysis from 2008 to 2018
Authors: Sá R , Soares dos Santos E , Gabriel T , Moreira A , Giraldo P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Mobility patterns have a great impact on health. The use of cars is known to be related with increasing air pollution, noise and accidents, and less active transportation, leading to cardiovascular, oncological or respiratory diseases, among others. Gentrification is a process through which the rising value of a geographical area displaces low-income inhabitants, mostly due to rising rents, mortgages and property taxes. This change has the potential for relocating long-time residents and businesses. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of gentrification in the car influx in the city of Lisbon.

Methods
A time series' analysis was performed using public ecological data, from 2008 to 2018, of habitation costs per square meter (as a proxy of gentrification) and the number of cars that entered Lisbon through accessing highways. The model was adjusted for confounding factors such as Lisbon's gross income and fuel prices.

Results
We verified the effect of seasonality in the car influx, with peaks before and after summer - july and october - and a downward trend until 2013 that then inflected and started an upward trend from 2014 to 2018. Habitation costs were positively correlated with car influx into the city (R2=0.773; p &lt; 0.001). In the model, 1€/m2 of increment in housing prices corresponded to 200 more cars that entered the city.

Conclusions
In Lisbon, gentrification was associated with the increasing number of cars entering the city. These findings may have implications in future policies that regulate housing and mobility. Further research is needed to fully understand the causal pathways of this phenomenon.

Key messages
Mobility patterns have a great influence on health, and gentrification may influence them. The increase of 1€ per square meter in housing prices lead to an increase of the influx of cars of 200.
Urban diabetes in the metropolitan area of Rome: development of the action plan
Authors: Nicolucci A , Baroni M , Crialesi R , da Empoli S , Dotta F , Frontoni S , Morviducci L , Tanese A , Vaccaro K , Lenzi A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issue
The world is rapidly urbanizing, causing alarming health problems to their citizens. The Cities Changing Diabetes program aims to address the social factors and cultural determinants that can increase type 2 diabetes vulnerability among people living in cities. Rome joined the program in 2017, and a series of initiatives was launched with the aim of mapping the problem, sharing the learnings, and designing interventions.

Description of the Problem
The first phase of the project documented that a wide variation exists in the prevalence of diabetes among the districts of Rome, associated with social and cultural determinants. A linear correlation exists between the prevalence of diabetes in the districts, unemployment rate and use of private transportation rate, while an inverse correlation is present with aging index, school education level, and slow mobility rate. These findings were the base for the development of an action plan to be implemented in the next three years. A structured, multi-stakeholder approach was adopted to prioritize the areas of intervention. Politicians, healthcare policy makers, healthcare providers, epidemiologists, social scientists, and patient association representatives were involved.

Results
The following actions have been identified: To potentiate healthcare resources to meet the increasing needs associated with urban development and improve accessibility;To create and strengthen support networks in the territory, to meet the needs of elderly, fragile people, often living alone;To support sustainable mobility and improve the usability of shared and public transport networks;To increase information available to the most vulnerable subjects;To create a uniform network of specialist care through innovative solutions and increase the access to specialist care in suburban, underserved areas;To support the development of information and telemedicine systems, to promote integrated care.

Key messages
The aim of the initiative is triggering a virtuous circle in which prevention, access to care/innovation and sustainability of healthy lifestyles are the result of integrated actions in the territory. The experience of Rome can inspire other metropolitan areas in implementing effective strategies to reduce the burden of diabetes.
Validity of air pollution annoyance to assess long-term exposure to air pollution in Belgium
Authors: Pelgrims I , Bastiaens H , Devleesschauwer B , Keune H , Nawrot T , Remmen R , Saenen N , Guyot M , De Clercq E M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In environmental epidemiology, air pollution exposure is often estimated at the population level. To avoid the risk of exposure misclassification, one possibility is to interpolate air pollution measures at the residence through Geographical Information Systems. However, this might imply cumbersome administrative procedures. Data on air pollution annoyance from surveys can be an alternative to assess individual exposure to air pollution. This study investigates the association between air pollution annoyance and individual air pollution exposure.

Methods
Analyses were carried out based on a linkage of data from the Belgian Health Interview Survey (HIS 2008 and 2013; &gt;15 years; n = 9347) and annual means of air pollution concentration at the residence. Self-reported air pollution annoyance was assessed through a five-point Likert scale. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and multivariable ordinal logistic regressions (OLR).

Results
A significant exposure-response relationship was observed between long-term air pollution exposure and self-reported air pollution annoyance. However, Spearman coefficients were low (0.18-0.24), meaning a high heterogeneity of annoyance levels for a given exposure. In multivariable OLR, the odds of being annoyed by air pollution was 2.10 (95% CI: 1.86-2.67) times higher for each Interquartile range (IQR) increase in NO2 concentration (PM2.5: 1.77 [95% CI: 1.53-2.07], PM10: 1.61 [95% CI: 1.33-1.67], black carbon: 1.45 [95% CI: 1.27-1.67]). Air pollution annoyance depended largely on individual factors especially health status.

Conclusions
Air pollution exposure has a significant influence on self-reported air pollution annoyance. However, many other factors were found to influence annoyance, independently of the exposure. We found a limited validity of self-reported air pollution annoyance to assess individual long-term exposure to air pollution.

Key messages
Significant exposure-response relationship between individual long-term air pollution exposure and self-reported air pollution annoyance. Limited validity of self-reported air pollution annoyance for assessing individual long term exposure to air pollution.
Working in psychiatry: staff perception of the Brazzaville hospital and university centre
Authors: Mbou Essie D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Congo-Brazzaville, there is a lake of mental healthcare providers and facilities specialized in psychiatric care: only two psychiatrists and one psychiatric department around the country. Poor appreciation of their role and work environment can negatively impact the esteem of psychiatric staff and lead to stigma and discrimination towards patients.

Aims
The study aimed to assess the perception of the staff of the only psychiatric service in Congo.

Material and Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive, prospective survey; conducted among the psychiatric staff of the Brazzaville University Hospital in September 2019. An anonymous individual questionnaire was administered to collect: (i) socio-professional data, (ii) perceptions (assignment, role, workload and working conditions) and (iv) identify the main problems of the service. Averages and frequencies were calculated on Epi info 7.2.2.6.

Results
Thirty out of 42 staff had responded (71.4%), 16 were male and at their first psychiatric assignment (28/30), with an average age of 44,7±7 and seniority of 8,4 ±8,3 years. Among them: one psychiatrist, two psychologists, and 19 nurses. Their assignment in psychiatry was well perceived in 93.3% (27/30), as well as their role (the importance of psychiatric care and psychiatry). Working conditions were perceived as poor: precarious hygiene (93.3%), cohabitation with dangerous patients (82.1%), heavy workload due to lack of staff (100%). Of their professional future, 23.3% (7/30) were considering leaving.

Conclusions
Almost all psychiatric staff had a good perception of their role and psychiatry, but not of the working conditions. Local measures to improve working conditions must be carried out to improve the attractiveness of psychiatry and the quality of care.

Key messages
Staff perceived heavy workload due to lack of staff and poor working conditions. Lake of workforce will be deeply acute in psychiatry.
Actual challenges of mental health in Indonesia: Urgency, UHS, humanity, and government commitment
Authors: Rahvy A , Habsy A , Ridlo I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mental health has become one of the biggest challenges in the world. But in most of developing countries, including Indonesia, mental health issue has not been prioritized, compared to infectious diseases. This paper will describe the implementation of mental health policy in Indonesia and its challenges, as other developing countries may also learn about ways to deal with it.
Mental health policies and regulations implementation in Indonesia are still followed by wide gap, related to its coverage and humanity problems. This paper is a literature review which examines implementation of Mental Health Law and its alignment with UHC and humanity in Indonesia since policies applied. Researches about mental health policy and economic impact of it in other countries are included, and evidences as reasons policy should be evaluated are provided. This research is aimed to explain reasons and ways government can strengthen mental health policy.
Results showed Mental Health Law (2014) implementation in Indonesia had not been effective enough. Riskesdas, a national health survey conducted by Ministry of Health, found 14% of families who did confinement, with 31.5% did it in the last 3 months. WHO data in 2017 showed psychiatrist rate 0.31, mental health nurses rate 2.52, and social workers rate 0.17 (all per 100.000 population) confirming the lack of mental health resources in Indonesia. DALYs reached 2,463.29 per 100.000 population and suicide mortality rate 3.4 with no strategy related to suicide prevention found.
Mental health is an important part of the complete state of health. Government should integrate mental health services into community-based services as a way to ensure universal coverage of mental health services. This will work as bottom-up empowerment, and it will solve problems of resources and stigma that obstruct the success of mental health program in Indonesia. This also supports family as caretaker of patients and reduce the possibility of relapse.

Key messages
Mental health can not be considered only as a peripheral issue in Indonesia, as it may also affect other aspects of society such as social and economy. Government should reform policy and regulation of mental health in order to achieve the complete state of health.
Mortality and causes of death: 6 years of monitoring treated drug users
Authors: Jandl M , Hocevar Grom A , Drev A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
This study aims to analyse mortality among deceased cohort members from 2009-2015 in Slovenia in terms of causes of death. Cohort follows illicit drug users who were registered for the first time or repeatedly in Centres for illicit drug usage prevention and treatment.

Methods
5157 subjects entered in a retrospective cohort study who were observed for 29.146 years. Data on deceased drug users from 2009 to 2012 were cross-linked with data from the General Mortality Register for the period 2009-2015.

Results
During 2009-2015 total of 153 deaths were recorded, mean age at death was 39.5 years. In almost three quarters violent death was the prevalent cause; among somatic causes alcoholic liver cirrhosis was the most frequent cause of death, followed by malignancies. Violent deaths occurred due to unintentional poisoning in 37%, followed by deaths from unidentified causes (11%), suicides (17%) and road accidents (2%). One half of suicides were committed by hanging.

Conclusions
Public health policies in the field of addiction should be more intensely focused on education on alcohol damage due to drinking, screening for patients with overdose risk and in establishing specific programs and strategies for reducing the risk of suicide in this population.

Key messages
Drug users should receive education on alcohol damage due to drinking. Drug users are in the risk of suicide.
Protection of the rights of people in situations of violence
Authors: Garbin A , Yasuda N , Leslão J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Municipal Health Department of the city of Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil, has the Health Promotion and Violence Prevention Center focused on prevention, reception and protection of the rights of people in situations of violence. Articulation of the epidemiological, health and health surveillance actions of the worker with the psychosocial care network (in the field of mental health). What is the role of the Health Surveillance in the network of attention and protection for people in situations of violence? What is the health status of the places that shelter people in mental distress? How to intervene in situations of psychological violence at work? Violence is an important public health problem, considering the impact it has on the lives of people, families and communities. Violence is a complex, multifactorial phenomenon that can leave deep marks. From the users-guide were produced new arrangements in the production of care involving the surveillance teams, in intra and intersectoral interlocution, analyzing the situations, unfolding in the construction of other work processes and qualified interventions.
In Diadema, the three health surveillance departments (Epidemiology, Reference Center in Occupational Health and the Health Surveillance department) developed strategies aimed at the qualification of comprehensive attention to people and integrating the Network of Psychosocial Care (RAPSI).
The users in violence were treated with priority by the health services and the intervention was immediate. We observed that health services are more sensitive to dealing with cases of violence. The intervention requires the establishment of a network of attention and care for people in situations of violence. The interventions contributed to the prevention of violence and the promotion of health and the exchange of comprehensive care practices for people living in situations of violence and population segments at risk.

Key messages
The articulation of a network of protection for people in situations of violence exposes institutional violence and social vulnerabilities in order to intervene in the determinants. The compulsory notification of situations of interpersonal and self-harm inflicted violence is the basis for the action of care, prevention of violence and promotion of health.
Burnout and its associated factors among Tunisian healthcare students
Authors: Tlili M A , Aouicha W , Testouri A , Hamoudi M , Lamine H , Taghouti E , Mtiraoui A , Chelbi S , Ben Rejeb M , Mallouli M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Burnout is a major issue among healthcare students and a public health issue in general. Indeed, the consequences of student burnout are as complex such as mental distress factors with smoking and alcohol consumption and unhealthy lifestyle. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of burnout among health sciences students and its associated factors.

Methods
This is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted among 368 students of the Higher School of Health Sciences and Techniques of Sousse (Tunisia) from March to April 2018. The study instrument is the French validated version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). This instrument measures academic burnout through 3 dimensions (emotional exhaustion, cynicism and academic efficacy). Data entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20.0).

Results
The prevalence of burnout was 64.4%. The presence of a diagnosed health problem, a diagnosed mental disorder or sleep problems found to be associated with all the aspects of burnout. Students who live alone are significantly the most emotionally exhausted (p = 0.010), and have the highest levels of cynicism (p = 0.033). Students who had a low socio-economic level are significantly more cynical than those who had a medium or high socio-economic level (m = 3.45, m = 2.81, m = 2.25; p = 0.032 respectively). Furthermore, students who perform leisure activities and practice physical activities had a significantly lower levels of emotional exhaustion (p = 0.007, p = 0.008 respectively). Also, studying with new pedagogical approaches decreased significantly the levels of the different burnout dimensions.

Conclusions
Burnout is prevalent among Tunisian health sciences students, which can have severe consequences such as anxiety and sleep disorders. Hence why preventive strategies should be applied to encounter this problem and avoid its consequent risks.

Key messages
Students and teachers must be aware of the phenomenon of burnout and its consequences as an important public health issue. Future interventions to minimize the prevalence of burnout and its negative effects should be conducted by focusing on its associated factors.