bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and Factors of Innovation Gap Between the European Union and China
Authors: Kowalski Arkadiusz Michał 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe article focuses on the problem of innovation gap in the world economy, as there are in general countries with developed national innovation systems, playing the role of technology leaders, and those with developing innovation systems, acting as innovation followers. Western European economies belong usually to the first group whereas China is traditionally classified in the second group; however, the analysis conducted in this study reveals a continuous catch-up process of this country towards the European Union in terms of the level of innovativeness of the economy. The purpose of this paper is to measure the dynamics of innovation gap between China and the EU average, and to identify the determinants of its evolution. Although for most of the analyzed indicators related to innovation, China’s performance is much below the EU average, the growth rates for Chinese economy in 2008–2018 have been higher than these of the EU, indicating convergence process. The key to development success in China lies in closing the technological gap by importing existing technology, and strengthening internal capabilities to utilize and improve on those technologies. Different reasons for China’s economy improvement in terms of innovativeness are analyzed, including external factors (e.g., foreign direct investments, which are concentrated mostly in eastern provinces, and associated technology transfer) and internal aspects (like science, technology and innovation policy, investment in research and development, and emergence of innovative regional clusters). The conclusion is that dynamic processes of increasing innovative potential of China provide with a solid fundamental for further convergence and diminishing innovation gap between this country and the European Union.
Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review
Authors: Binnemans Koen , Jones Peter Tom , Manjón Fernández Álvaro , Masaguer Torres Victoria 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The state of the art for the recovery of metals from steel industry by-products using hydrometallurgical processes is reviewed. The steel by-products are different slags, dusts, and sludges from a blast furnace (BF), basic oxygen furnace (BOF), electric arc furnace (EAF), and sinter plant, as well as oily mill scale and pickling sludge. The review highlights that dusts and sludges are harder to valorize than slags, while the internal recycling of dusts and sludges in steelmaking is inhibited by their high zinc content. Although the objectives of treating BF sludges, BOF sludges, and EAF dust are similar, i.e., the removal of zinc and the generation of an Fe-rich residue to be returned to the steel plant, these three classes of by-products have specific mineralogical compositions and zinc contents. Because wide variations in the mineralogical composition and zinc content occur, it is impossible to develop a one-size-fits-all flow sheet with a fixed set of process conditions. The reason for the interest in EAF dust is its high zinc content, by far the highest of all steel by-products. However, EAF dust is usually studied from the perspective of the zinc industry. There are not only different concentrations of zinc, but also variations in the all-important ZnO/ZnFe2O4 (zincite-to-franklinite) ratio. In many chemical processes, only the ZnO dissolves, while the ZnFe2O4 is too refractory and reports to the residue. It only dissolves in concentrated acids, or if the dust is pre-treated, e.g., with a reductive roasting step. The dissolution of ZnFe2O4 in acidic solutions also brings significant amounts of iron in solution. Finally, due to its high potassium chloride content, sinter-plant dust could be a source of potassium for the fertilizer industry.

Graphical Abstract
A Simulated Investigation of Ductile Response of GaAs in Single-Point Diamond Turning and Experimental Validation
Authors: Fan Pengfei , Ding Fei , Luo Xichun , Yan Yongda , Geng Yanquan , Wang Yuzhang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was adopted to study the ductile response of single-crystal GaAs during single-point diamond turning (SPDT). The variations of cutting temperature, coordination number, and cutting forces were revealed through MD simulations. SPDT experiment was also carried out to qualitatively validate MD simulation model from the aspects of normal cutting force. The simulation results show that the fundamental reason for ductile response of GaAs during SPDT is phase transition from a perfect zinc blende structure (GaAs-I) to a rock-salt structure (GaAs-II) under high pressure. Finally, a strong anisotropic machinability of GaAs was also found through MD simulations.
Pädagogische Interaktionen als Grundbaustein der Lehrperson-Schüler*innen-Beziehung. Die Erfassung mit State Space Grids
Authors: Scherzinger Marion , Roth Benjamin , Wettstein Alexander 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Lehrperson-Schüler*innen-Beziehung ist eine wichtige Grundlage für Lehr-Lern-Prozesse. Die vorliegende Studie geht der Frage nach, inwieweit die globale Einschätzung der LS-Beziehung (Makroebene) mit den Interaktionen zwischen Lehrperson und Schüler*innen im Unterricht (Mikroebene) von 5. und 6. Primarschulklassen in der Schweiz zusammenhängen. Dazu wurden videografierte Unterrichtsstunden von 16 Lehrpersonen mit State Space Grids (SSG) analysiert. Diese Methode ermöglicht es, Interaktionen im Unterricht grafisch darzustellen und auszuwerten. Die mikrogenetischen Ergebnisse wurden anschließend mit den Fragebogeneinschätzungen der LS-Beziehung aus Sicht der Schüler*innen und der Lehrpersonen korreliert. Die Ergebnisse der Korrelationsanalysen zeigen, dass die globale Beziehungseinschätzung der Schüler*innen stärker mit den im Unterricht ablaufenden Interaktionen zusammenhängt als die der Lehrpersonen. Eine negative Beziehungseinschätzung (Fragebogen) korreliert mit beobachtetem gegenseitig unfreundlichem Verhalten im Unterricht und einer hohen Variabilität der unterrichtlichen Interaktionen (Videobeobachtung). Die Erkenntnisse liefern Anregungen zur Reflexion der LS-Beziehung in der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Lehrpersonen.
Locked in a vicious cycle: the connection between genomic instability and a loss of protein homeostasis
Authors: Huiting Wouter , Bergink Steven 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCardiomyopathies, neuropathies, cancer and accelerated ageing are unequivocally distinct diseases, yet they also show overlapping pathological hallmarks, including a gradual loss of genomic integrity and proteotoxic stress. Recent lines of evidence suggest that this overlap could be the result of remarkably interconnected molecular cascades between nuclear genomic instability and a loss of protein homeostasis. In this review, we discuss these complex connections, as well as their possible impact on disease. We focus in particular on the inherent ability of a wide range of genomic alterations to challenge protein homeostasis. In doing so, we provide evidence suggesting that a loss of protein homeostasis could be a far more prevalent consequence of genomic instability than generally believed. In certain cases, such as aneuploidy, a loss of protein homeostasis appears to be a crucial mechanism for pathology, which indicates that enhancing protein quality control systems could be a promising therapeutic strategy in diseases associated with genomic instability.
How to Organize an OR Workshop: the AIROYoung Experience
Authors: Cavagnini Rossana , Sasso Veronica Dal , Morandi Valentina , Raffaele Alice 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAIROYoung is the Young Researchers Chapter of AIRO (Italian Association of Operations Research). In this work, we focus on the AIROYoung Workshop, an annual event which has been reuniting young researchers constituting this community from 2017. Describing all the editions of the initiative, we highlight the main guidelines we have been following so far to organize it (e.g., no registration fee, grants for free accommodation, no parallel sessions, and a look to sustainability). We analyze surveys filled by participants to present qualitative and quantitative data about our workshops and to show how interest and attendance have increased through the years. We talk about some innovations we have introduced to improve quality (e.g., the PhD school “from young researchers to young researchers” and the pitch talk session). We then share our personal opinion and, last but not least, we invite young researchers to join in the preparation of the next AIROYoung Workshops.
China’s Grand Design of People’s Smart Courts
Authors: ZHENG George G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile online dispute resolution (ODR) and online courts have become a global phenomenon, China is unique in its way of constructing a “smart-courts” system. This paper argues that the Chinese smart courts are embedded in China’s larger strategy of capturing new opportunities offered by the information and communications technology (ICT) revolution. Adoption of cutting-edge ICT by courts is not an initiative taken by the courts themselves; rather, it is a call from the party-state with strong policy push. The paper also makes two observations on the nature of smart courts in China. One is that Chinese courts are using ICT, especially artificial intelligence, both to enhance hierarchical control and to improve the formal quality of law. Another is that the “Internet courts” are established to solve disputes arising from online transactions, rather than serve as piloting courts with general implications for the shape of future courts in China. Therefore, while boldly experimenting new technologies (such as blockchains) in the judicial process, Internet courts in China are also charged with the responsibility of developing legal doctrines in cases within their jurisdictions. The case of China thus shows the profound interaction between law and technology. Whether technology is disruptive depends on human design and efforts.
Computable Følner monotilings and a theorem of Brudno
Authors: MORIAKOV NIKITA 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA theorem of Brudno says that the Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy of an ergodic subshift over

$\mathbb {N}$
equals the asymptotic Kolmogorov complexity of almost every word in the subshift. The purpose of this paper is to extend this result to subshifts over computable groups that admit computable regular symmetric Følner monotilings, which we introduce in this work. For every

$d \in \mathbb {N}$
, the groups

$\mathbb {Z}^d$
and

$\mathsf{UT}_{d+1}(\mathbb {Z})$
admit computable regular symmetric Følner monotilings for which the required computing algorithms are provided.
Lattice isomorphisms between projection lattices of von Neumann algebras
Authors: Mori Michiya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Generalizing von Neumann’s result on type II

$_1$

von Neumann algebras, I characterise lattice isomorphisms between projection lattices of arbitrary von Neumann algebras by means of ring isomorphisms between the algebras of locally measurable operators. Moreover, I give a complete description of ring isomorphisms of locally measurable operator algebras when the von Neumann algebras are without type II direct summands.
Scaramouche, Scaramouche: Sibelius on Stage
Authors: BROAD LEAH 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSibelius’s only balletic pantomime,Scaramouche, composed in 1913, remains one of his least-known works, even though it is one of his longest dramatic scores and belongs to his period of compositional re-evaluation. This article explores the pantomime in the context of its first production, performed in 1922 in Denmark and 1924 in Sweden. It argues that the pantomime’s reception both illuminates the importance of dance as a formative ‘modern’ genre within the Nordic countries during this period, and demonstrates that the score is defined by stylistic plurality, which was key to its theatrical success. The article calls for increased musicological attention to Nordic theatrical music, a genre that was extremely popular among early twentieth-century Nordic composers. It provided musicians with musical spaces that were more liberating than the concert hall or the opera house for the purposes of cultivating their musical language.
Strategies of Conquest and Defence: Encounters with the Object in Twentieth-Century Music
Authors: WILSON SAMUEL 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReacting to recent materialist developments in music studies and beyond, I argue for the value of dialectics in accounting for compositional orientations vis-à-vis their objects – be these objects sound-producing, non-human entities, such as musical instruments, or the object that is ‘sound itself ’. Engaging the compositional thought and practice of Busoni, Russolo, Varèse, Cage and Tudor by way of example, I highlight two intersecting tendencies: the first constitutes a presumed mastery over the object in question; the second is suggestive of an exploration of the object on its own terms. Interweaving aspects of post-Marxist and psychoanalytic theory, I argue that, ultimately, our orientation towards the object manifests a negotiation of the self in a changing material world.
Satire, Empire and Chromaticism in Dargomyzhsky’s Orchestral Fantasias
Authors: ZIKANOV KIRILL 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn 1863, Alexander Dargomyzhsky hatched plans for a gallery of humorous fantasias that would depict nationalities residing on the western border of the Russian Empire, including Baltic Germans, Poles, Ukrainians and Finns. On the one hand, this gallery of satirical portraits was an effective way of capturing the attention of domestic audiences, since the western borderlands were at the forefront of Russian popular attention in the wake of the Polish uprising. On the other hand, Dargomyzhsky repeatedly reiterated his intention that the fantasias should function as a means of achieving international recognition, and a year later he actually set off on a promotional tour across Europe. Together, the imperial implications of the three resulting fantasias, Dargomyzhsky’s attempts to market them abroad and the compositional inventiveness of the final fantasia, theChukhon Fantasy, locate Dargomyzhsky’s orchestral oeuvre as a crucial node in the convoluted aesthetic and cultural negotiations of Russian nineteenth-century music.
Prospecting genomic regions associated with milk production traits in Egyptian buffalo
Authors: Abdel-Shafy Hamdy , Awad Mohamed A. A. , El-Regalaty Hussein , El-Assal S. E.-D. , Abou-Bakr Samy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objectives of the current study were to detect putative genomic loci and to identify candidate genes associated with milk production traits in Egyptian buffalo. A total number of 161 479 daily milk yield (DMY) records and 60 318 monthly measures for fat and protein percentages (FP and PP, respectively), along with fat and protein yields (FY and PY, respectively) from 1670 animals were used. Genotyping was performed using Axiom® Buffalo Genotyping 90 K array. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) for each trait was performed using PLINK. After Bonferroni correction, 47 SNPs were associated with one or more milk production traits. These SNPs were distributed over 36 quantitative trait loci (QTL) and located on 20 buffalo chromosomes (BBU). For the 47 SNPs, one was overlapped for three traits (DMY, FY, and PY), six were associated with two traits (one for PP and PY and five for FY and PY) while the rest were associated with only one trait. Out of 36 identified QTL, eleven were overlapped with previously reported loci in buffalo and/or cattle populations. Some of these SNPs are placed within or close to potential candidate genes, for example: TPD52, ZBTB10, RALYL and SNX16 on BBU15, ADGRD1 on BBU17, ESRRG on BBU5 and GRIP1 on BBU4. This is the first reported study between genome-wide markers and milk components in Egyptian buffalo. Our findings provide useful information to explore the genetic mechanisms and relevant genes contributing to the variation in milk production traits. Further confirmation studies with larger population size are necessary to validate the findings and detect the causal genetic variants.
Longitudinal changes in mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study
Authors: Daly Michael , Sutin Angelina R. , Robinson Eric 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a range of negative social and economic effects that may contribute to a rise in mental health problems. In this observational population-based study, we examined longitudinal changes in the prevalence of mental health problems from before to during the COVID-19 crisis and identified subgroups that are psychologically vulnerable during the pandemic.MethodsParticipants (N = 14 393; observations = 48 486) were adults drawn from wave 9 (2017–2019) of the nationally representative United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) and followed-up across three waves of assessment in April, May, and June 2020. Mental health problems were assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).ResultsThe population prevalence of mental health problems (GHQ-12 score ⩾3) increased by 13.5 percentage points from 24.3% in 2017–2019 to 37.8% in April 2020 and remained elevated in May (34.7%) and June (31.9%) 2020. All sociodemographic groups examined showed statistically significant increases in mental health problems in April 2020. The increase was largest among those aged 18–34 years (18.6 percentage points, 95% CI 14.3–22.9%), followed by females and high-income and education groups. Levels of mental health problems subsequently declined between April and June 2020 but remained significantly above pre-COVID-19 levels. Additional analyses showed that the rise in mental health problems observed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic was unlikely to be due to seasonality or year-to-year variation.ConclusionsThis study suggests that a pronounced and prolonged deterioration in mental health occurred as the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the UK between April and June 2020.
Prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection using a seroepidemiological survey
Authors: Shakiba M. , Nazemipour M. , Heidarzadeh A. , Mansournia M. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of asymptomatic infection by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a critical measure for effectiveness of mitigation strategy has been reported to be widely varied. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic infection using serosurvey on general population. In a cross-sectional seroprevalence survey in Guilan province, Iran, the specific antibody against COVID-19 in a representative sample was detected using rapid test kits. Among 117 seropositive subjects, prevalence of asymptomatic infection was determined based on the history of symptoms during the preceding 3 months. The design-adjusted prevalence of asymptomatic infection was 57.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 44–69). The prevalence was significantly lower in subjects with previous contacts to COVID-19 patients (12%, 95% CI 2–49) than others without (69%, 95% CI, 46–86). The lowest prevalence was for painful body symptom (74.4%). This study revealed that more than half of the infected COVID-19 patients had no symptoms. The implications of our findings include the importance of adopting public health measures such as social distancing and inefficiency of contact tracing to interrupt epidemic transmission.
Community movement and COVID-19: a global study using Google's Community Mobility Reports
Authors: Sulyok M. , Walker M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGoogle's ‘Community Mobility Reports’ (CMR) detail changes in activity and mobility occurring in response to COVID-19. They thus offer the unique opportunity to examine the relationship between mobility and disease incidence. The objective was to examine whether an association between COVID-19-confirmed case numbers and levels of mobility was apparent, and if so then to examine whether such data enhance disease modelling and prediction. CMR data for countries worldwide were cross-correlated with corresponding COVID-19-confirmed case numbers. Models were fitted to explain case numbers of each country's epidemic. Models using numerical date, contemporaneous and distributed lag CMR data were contrasted using Bayesian Information Criteria. Noticeable were negative correlations between CMR data and case incidence for prominent industrialised countries of Western Europe and the North Americas. Continent-wide examination found a negative correlation for all continents with the exception of South America. When modelling, CMR-expanded models proved superior to the model without CMR. The predictions made with the distributed lag model significantly outperformed all other models. The observed relationship between CMR data and case incidence, and its ability to enhance model quality and prediction suggests data related to community mobility could prove of use in future COVID-19 modelling.
Obesity and the increased risk for COVID-19: mechanisms and nutritional management
Authors: Morais Ana Heloneida de Araújo , Passos Thais Sousa , de Lima Vale Sancha Helena , da Silva Maia Juliana Kelly , Maciel Bruna Leal Lima 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe global COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has become a complex problem that overlaps with a growing public health problem, obesity. Obesity alters different components of the innate and adaptive immune responses, creating a chronic and low-grade state of inflammation. Nutritional status is closely related to a better or worse prognosis of viral infections. Excess weight has been recognised as a risk factor for COVID-19 complications. In addition to the direct risk, obesity triggers other diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, increasing the risk of severe COVID-19. The present review explains the diets that induce obesity and the importance of different foods in this process. We also review tissue disruption in obesity, leading to impaired immune responses and the possible mechanisms by which obesity and its co-morbidities increase COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Nutritional strategies that support the immune system in patients with obesity and with COVID-19 are also discussed in light of the available data, considering the severity of the infection. The discussions held may contribute to combating this global emergency and planning specific public health policy.