bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linkage Engineering of Semiconductive Covalent‐Organic Frameworks toward Room‐Temperature Ppb‐Level Selective Ammonia Sensing
Authors: Yan Zhuang , Fang Munan , Wang Longfei , Gao Huiwen , Ying Yue , Yang Jinlei , Wang Jiahua , Liu Yaling , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRational design of molecular architectures is crucial for developing advanced materials such as covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs) with excellent sensing performance. In this work, two isostructural COFs (β‐keto‐AnCOF and imine‐AnCOF) with the same conjugated linkers but distinct linkages are constructed. Although both COFs have porous structure and semiconductor behavior conferred by the identical conjugated backbones, β‐keto‐AnCOF with ─C═O side groups exhibits superior room‐temperature ammonia (NH3) sensing performance than imine‐AnCOF and even the state‐of‐the‐art dynamic and commercial NH3 sensors, i.e., high sensitivity up to 18.94% ppm−1, ultralow experimental detection limit of 1 ppb, outstanding selectivity, and remarkable response stability and reproducibility after 180 days. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculation reveal that the additional charge transfer between NH3 and ─C═O sites in β‐keto‐AnCOF effectively increases the distance between Fermi level and the valence band, enabling highly‐sensitive NH3 detection at ppb levels. This work provides novel molecular architectures for next‐generation high‐performance sensors.
Biodegradable Polymers for Application as Robust Immunomodulatory Biomaterial Carrier Systems
Authors: Barbery Brian George , Lukesh Nicole Rose , Bachelder Eric M. , Ainslie Kristy M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe field of immunotherapeutics is rapidly evolving with the advent of cell therapies, complex biologics, and a host of other compounds. Polymeric carriers are often used to tune the safety and efficacy profiles of these novel drugs. Despite their prevalence in pre‐clinical and clinical applications, non‐degradable materials present delivery challenges including diffusion‐limited release, frustrated phagocytosis, and limited clearance. In contrast, biodegradable polymeric systems provide a safer alternative in addition to displaying advantageous properties for the delivery of immunotherapies. In this review, discussion of polymers including poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(beta‐amino esters) (PBAEs), acetalated dextran (Ace‐DEX), chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronic acid (HA) as immunomodulatory biomaterial carriers suggest that a variety of systems can be used to generate tailored formulations for different therapeutic payloads and disease indications. These carrier systems can enhance the delivery of immunotherapies via tunable degradation rates, enhanced antigen‐presentation, and inherent immunomodulatory properties of the biomaterials, among other mechanisms. Polymers formulated for immunomodulatory applications can be synthetic, semi‐synthetic, or naturally derived. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the environmental impact of polymer sources, particle fabrication methods, and solvent usage to sustainably develop effective immunomodulatory therapies in this evolving field.
Platinum Single Atoms Strongly Promote Superoxide Formation in Titania‐Based Photocatalysis – Platinum Nanoparticles Don't
Authors: Wang Yue , Wu Siming , Zoppellaro Giorgio , Baďura Zdeněk , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe selective reduction of molecular oxygen to superoxide is one of the key reactions in electrochemistry and photocatalysis. Here the effect of Pt co‐catalysts, dispersed on titania, either as single atoms or as nanoparticles, on the photocatalytic superoxide (•O2−) formation in O2 containing solutions is investigated. The •O2− formation is traced by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assays and in detail by EPR measurements using TEMPO as •O2− radical scavenger. The results show that the photocatalytic formation rate of •O2− on titania can strongly be enhanced by using Pt single atoms as a co‐catalyst, whereas Pt nanoparticles hardly exhibit any accelerating effect. This finding is of considerable significance regarding photocatalytic degradation and photocatalytic oxidative synthesis processes.
Controllable Transition Metal Cations Doping Enable Efficient and Spectral Stable Pure‐Red Perovskite QLED
Authors: Su Yuqin , Lin Qunqing , Lv Xinyi , Li Yan , Zhang Kun , Wu Xiuting , Zhou Ying , Guo Yashuang , Sandzhieva Maria A. , Makarov Sergey V. , Xiang Hengyang , Zeng Haibo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMixed‐halide perovskite plays important role in wide‐color gamut displays as a vital material for three primary colors. However, halide segregation and caused unstable spectra are the intrinsic problem in mixed‐halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) originating from the lattice strain and the resulting defects in perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). Here, smaller transition metal cations are applied to replace Pb2+ and release lattice strain, which avoids halogen escaping/halide vacancies forming to ensure high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and stable spectra. However, the actual doping amount is limited by ionic size and chemical environment, which will affect the improvement of optoelectronic performance. Thus, this study proposes a strategy by introducing tri‐n‐octylphosphine to coordinate strongly with metal cations and catch them to participate the nucleation‐growth process. Through doping transition metal cations effectively, the CsPb(BrI)3 PQDs show high PLQY (92%) and long lifetime (107.83 ns). Further, highly efficient pure‐red PeLEDs with highest external quantum efficiency of 16.86% is fabricated and the spectrum can be stabilized at 630 nm with only 1 nm red‐shift under bias, showing the promising potential of PQDs for next‐generation display.
Exploring the Sr2Ga2GeO7:Tb3+ Long Persistent Luminescence Phosphor for Cutting‐Edge Forensic Solutions in Latent Fingerprint Detection and Anticounterfeiting Applications
Authors: Ayoub Irfan , Mushtaq Umer , Nair Govind B. , Sundaram Gaurav , Swart Hendrik C , Kumar Vijay 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA series of Sr2‐xGa2GeO7: x Tb3+ (0 mol%  ≤ x ≤ 10 mol%) phosphors exhibiting persistent luminescence is synthesized via a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. Structural analysis and phase identification are conducted using X‐ray powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement. The reflectance spectra revealed that the synthesized phosphor exhibited a direct bandgap with a value of 4.99 eV. The photoluminescence excitation spectra displayed broad absorption bands corresponding to the 4f8 → 4f75d1 transition of the Tb3+ ion, along with narrow‐band absorption peaks attributed to the 4f‐4f transitions. The emission spectra featured peaks resulting from transitions from the excited energy‐state (5D3/5D4) to the ground‐state levels (7FJ). Among these transitions, the 5D4 → 7F5 transition is dominant, producing the green emission of the synthesized phosphor. Concentration quenching is observed, attributed to the radiative reabsorption process. Additionally, the synthesized phosphor demonstrated thermal stability up to 675 K. The kinetic scan and afterglow measurements showed that the persistent luminescence lifetime is ≈7000 s, and the afterglow persistence is up to 100 s. Thermoluminescence measurements revealed that besides the intrinsic defect, doping introduced the interstitial and vacancy defects that contributed to improving the persistent luminescence of the synthesized phosphor. The synthesized phosphor demonstrated a practical application for latent fingerprint detection and anticounterfeiting applications.
Cobalt‐Silicon Coordination‐Induced Nonradical Activation of Peroxymonosulfate for Enhancing the Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Real Wastewater
Authors: Wang Shizong , Wang Jianlong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNonradical‐driven degradation pathways have emerged as a promising solution for the removal of emerging organic pollutants in complex water matrices. How to construct nonradical systems remains a challenge. In this study, a novel silicon carbide (SiC)‐supported cobalt single‐atom catalyst (Co/SiC) is developed to induce nonradicals activation of peroxymonosulfate toward the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The normalized degradation rate of SMX reaches 16.425 L·min−1·g−1·mm−1, significantly outperforming most reported single‐atom catalysts. Surface‐bound reactive species dominate the SMX degradation process, followed by high‐valent cobalt oxo. Experimental and characterization results demonstrate that the unique Co‐Si coordination structure facilitated electron transfer, and lowered the energy barrier for the formation of surface‐bound reactive species, thereby exhibiting superior resistance to inorganic ions. In a seven‐day continuous column experiment, SMX, atrazine, and bisphenol A are completely removed from actual secondary effluent, confirming the stability and effectiveness of the catalyst in real wastewater systems. Moreover, the acute toxicity of treated secondary effluent almost disappears. These results highlight the potential of Co‐Si coordination in driving electron transfer for the generation of nonradicals, offering a promising approach to addressing the challenges of the removal of emerging organic pollutants from the complex wastewater.
Engineering Nitrogen‐Coordinated Single‐Atom Catalysts for Efficient CO2 Cycloaddition
Authors: Li Jiayi , Mao Keke , Gong Wanbing , Li Zheyue , Sang Shuaikang , Li Jiawei , Chen Guangyu , Hu Chuansheng , Long Ran , Xiong Yujie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeveloping highly efficient nonprecious heterogeneous catalysts for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO2) to cyclic carbonates is crucial but challenging in the modern chemical industry. Here, a facile and scalable molecules‐confined pyrolysis approach is demonstrated for the synthesis of nitrogen‐coordinated transition‐metal (TM) single‐atom catalysts (SACs). Moreover, the various coordination structures of metal centers and the forms of nitrogen species are successfully revealed. The designed TM SACs show excellent catalytic performance for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to cyclic carbonates under solvent‐free mild conditions. Among them, the optimum Zn SAC with 13.2 wt.% Zn content achieves a >99% yield at 80 °C within 2 h for the cycloaddition of propylene oxide to propylene carbonate. The crucial comprehension of the relationship between performance and reaction mechanism over TM SACs with various metal centers and adjacent N species is further enhanced through experimental investigations and theoretical simulations. Significantly, the high density of Lewis acid–base sites (Zn and N species) can appropriately regulate the activation of epoxide and CO2 and the reaction energy of cycloaddition, respectively, thus improving the CO2 cycloaddition performance. This work provides a new insight into the design of highly active and stable SACs for efficient cycloaddition reactions.
In Situ Generation of Porous Ag‐Hollandite/Polypyrrole 2D Mats at the Water/Chloroform Interface for Dual Applications in Energy Storage and Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Kaladi Chondath Subin , Bansal Love , Rethnakumaran Anusree Veluthath , Davison Deepa , Puthiyaparambath Muhammed Fasil , Chatanathodi Raghu , Kumar Rajesh , Menamparambath Mini Mol 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA facile in situ method of the liquid/liquid (L/L) polymerization strategy for synthesizing silver‐doped hollandite manganese oxide (Ag‐HMO) on polypyrrole (PPy) support is reported for the first time. The highly innovative synthetic method involves producing α‐MnO2 attached to PPy oligomers under low‐temperature conditions. Subsequently, Ag+ ions are in situ intercalated into the 2 × 2 tunnels in α‐MnO2 to generate Ag‐HMO‐incorporated PPy. Calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) yield negative formation energies, suggesting that Ag‐HMO can be formed through the tunnel doping of Ag+ in α‐MnO2. Highly crystalline 2D composite mats of Ag‐HMO/PPy (PAgMn) with interconnected Ag‐HMO nanorod networks with a thickness of ≈1 nm are demonstrated by electron and atomic force microscopy images. Electrochemical detection of formaldehyde on PAgMn‐modified screen‐printed electrodes opens new prospects for real‐time food adulterant sensors. PAgMn is also utilized as electrodes for supercapacitors with a high specific capacitance of 601 mF cm−2. An all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor device assembled with PAgMn and activated carbon as negative and positive electrodes demonstrates outstanding energy storage capability with a remarkable energy density of 6.16 mWh cm−2 at a power density of 6300 mW cm−2.
Time‐resolved Solvothermal Synthesis for Controlling Lateral Size of 2D Metal–Organic Layers
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Song Yuhang , Gan Yumeng , Cai Wanzhen , Wang Haoshang , Liu Huichong , Dai Bingling , Peng Yuanzhao , Wang Cheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetal–Organic Layers (MOLs), 2D analogs of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs), feature monolayer structures with the potential for various applications. Controlling the lateral size of MOLs is essential for enhancing their dispersibility in solvents and optimizing performance. However, reducing lateral dimensions while preserving monolayer thickness presents a challenge due to the precise conditions required for monolayer formation. This study utilizes a time‐resolved solvothermal synthesis method, employing flow chemistry to adjust reaction conditions dynamically during different stages of MOL growth. Fast nucleation is triggered initially to generate numerous nuclei, followed by a shift to slower growth rates, limiting further expansion and preventing the formation of amorphous structures. This approach effectively refines the lateral dimensions of nano‐MOLs while maintaining monolayer integrity. The reduction in lateral dimensions has a direct effect on improving catalytic performance, demonstrating the potential for fine‐tuned nanosized MOLs in advanced applications.
Enhancing Water Electrolysis Performance by Bubble Behavior Management
Authors: Qiu Jiaxuan , Yao Jiayi , Feng Zhe , Huang Baoyu , Luo Zhongzhong , Wang Longlu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation plays a crucial role in promoting the energy transition and achieving the goals of carbon neutrality. Nevertheless, in the context of water electrolysis, the generated bubbles have an adverse impact on energy consumption and mass transfer efficiency. To address this challenge, a variety of strategies are investigated to accelerate bubble detachment and transport. It is of utmost significance to summarize those strategies for facilitating the advancement of water electrolysis performance. In this review, a comprehensive account of strategies are presented for enhancing water electrolysis performance through bubble behavior management. First, the impact of the electrolyte on bubbles is discussed. Then, optimized interactions between bubbles and the electrode surface are introduced, which focus on reducing adhesion forces and implementing other forces. Next, dynamic bubbling of deformable catalysts is discussed, such as fern‐ and caterpillar‐like catalysts. Following that, bubble‐bubble interactions are investigated as bubble coalescence is proved to be beneficial for earlier bubble departure compared to buoyancy effect alone. Finally, outlooks are presented for future development of efficient bubble removal strategies for enhanced water electrolysis performance. The review aims to deepen the comprehension of bubbles interactions and stimulate the development of management strategies, thereby further enhancing the performance of water electrolysis.
Imaging of Recombination Rates and Lifetime in Perovskite Thin Film Processing
Authors: Hacene Benjamin , Rosemann Nils W. , Roger Julie , Liu Xuzheng , Baumann Daniel O. , Pappenberger Ronja , Gholipoor Mohammad , Racky Hannah , Fassl Paul , Howard Ian A. , Paetzold Ulrich W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLarge‐scale fabrication and optimization of high‐quality polycrystalline perovskite thin films present significant challenges in scientific research and industry. Shifting from single‐spot measurements to imaging techniques facilitates the transition from laboratory‐scale to large‐scale processing. While single‐spot photoluminescence (PL) methods provide high‐depth insights into local optoelectronic characteristics, they are insufficient for assessing reliable information on homogeneity and spatial characteristics. Currently, no PL‐based imaging method delivers a comparable level of information depth on charge carrier dynamics to single‐spot PL methods. In response, this work introduces a non‐invasive imaging technique based on double‐pulse excitation. Varying the time delay between the pulses gives rise to spatial information on relative photoluminescence quantum yield (rPLQY) in thin films, yielding fundamental optoelectronic characteristics such as external radiative and effective non‐radiative recombination rates and charge‐carrier lifetime. Compared to traditional PL‐imaging and k‐imaging demonstrates the superiority of rPLQY‐imaging in revealing charge carrier dynamics. This technique proves applicable across various sample configurations, irrespective of the presence of electrodes and charge transport layers. In addition, the method can estimate surface recombination velocity and variations in escape and parasitic absorption probabilities. Overall, the rPLQY‐imaging method emerges as a valuable tool for scientific research aimed at characterizing and optimizing large‐area perovskite thin films.
A numerical simulation of electrically conducting Sisko fluid flow with melting heat transfer, nonlinear convection and variable thermal conductivity constraints over an inclined electromagnetic sheet
Authors: Bhuiyan Shakil , Shamshuddin MD. , Usman  , Islam Torikul , Ferdows M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe effects of suction, melting heat transfer, variable thermal conductivity, and viscous dissipation upon the convective flow of Sisko fluid over an electromagnetic inclined sheet are reported in the present study. The mechanisms of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are also taken into consideration. The 4th‐order R‐K method has been used to tackle reduced leading equations dedicated to the problem's relevant geometry. The key finding of the current investigation is that increased electromagnetic field strength, thermal and solutal mixed convection parameters, and Sisko fluid parameters are credited for enhanced fluid motion, whereas the increased melting parameter results in increased heat transmission rate from the electromagnetic sheet. The fluid suction, on the other hand, decreases the flow velocity and associated thickness of the momentum boundary layer.
Thermal dynamics in electrically conducting tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow: Hybrid‐empirical modelling approach using RSM
Authors: Mingliang Zheng , Asghar Zaheer , Hussain Dilawar , Ismail Emad A. A. , Awwad Fuad A. , Zeeshan Ahmed , Ijaz Nouman 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe dynamics of nanofluids with electrical conductivity are the focus of the advanced field of electrically conducting nanofluid flow, which lies at the intersection of fluid mechanics and heat transfer. When exposed to electric fields, these nanofluids, which are composed of nanoparticles suspended in base fluids, display distinctive behaviors. Their flow is influenced by variables such as the applied electric field, size, shape, concentration of nanoparticles, and properties of the base fluid. Joule heating, electrokinetic effects, and electrophoresis are important processes in these flows. There is great promise for improved heat transfer systems, microfluidics, energy conversion devices, and biomedical technologies in the field of electrically conducting nanofluid flow research. Nonetheless, there are still issues to be resolved, like preserving the stability of nanoparticle suspension and comprehending the intricate relationships between fluid, particles, and fields. Sensitivity analysis of different input parameters plays a very important role in fluid mechanics problems. In this work, the authors aim to do a sensitivity analysis of different input parameters for magnetohydrodynamics Tangent hyperbolic nano fluid. To complete this task, we have adopted the non‐linear partial differential equations, and then numerical values of transformed ordinary differential equations are calculated by using MATALB built‐in software bvp4c. Performance evaluation is conducted by employing sensitivity analysis. Firstly, an empirical relation for output responses, that is, skin friction, Nusselt number , and Sherwood number ) using response surface methodology. The best fitted model is determined with the help of Analysis of Variance table. The results show that coefficient of determination for skinfriction coefficient , , and are 100%, 99.99%, and 97.73% respectively. This means that we have obtained best fitted empirical relations. The results of sensitivity analysis disclosed that is most sensitive to Weissenberg number (We). Both the and are most sensitive to thermophoresis parameter (Nt).
Skeletal health status among patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism: results from the Canadian National Hypoparathyroidism Registry (CNHR)
Authors: Khan Aliya A. , AbuAlrob Hajar , Ali Dalal S. , Al Kassem Zayd , Almoulia Abdulrahman , Afifi Habiba , Braga Manoela , Cheng Alice , Malhem Jouma , Millar Adam , Morgante Emmett , Muhammad Parwana , Paul Terri L. , Prebtani Ally , Punthakee Zubin , Khan Tayyab , Khan Sarah , Shrayyef Muhammad , Van Uum Stan , Young James Edward Massey , Brandi Maria Luisa , Ovize Michel , Weiss Blandine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Summary
In the CNHR study, 35% of postmenopausal women had osteoporosis by BMD or fragility fracture, and 4% had both. Three men ≥ 50 had osteoporosis by BMD or fragility fracture (33.3%; n = 3/9). This suggests that close follow-up of skeletal health is necessary in postmenopausal women, and men ≥ 50 with chronic HypoPT.

Purpose
Chronic hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) has been associated with decreased bone turnover and abnormalities in bone mineral density (BMD), microarchitecture, and strength. Current guidelines do not recommend systematic evaluation of skeletal health in patients with chronic HypoPT. Our study assessed skeletal health in pre- and postmenopausal women with chronic HypoPT and adult men.

Methods
This prospective study enrolled adults with chronic HypoPT from the Canadian National Hypoparathyroidism Registry. Clinical characteristics, bone fractures, biochemistry, and serum bone biomarkers were assessed at baseline. Skeletal health evaluation included assessments of fragility fractures, BMD at lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), total hip (TH), 1/3 radial sites, trabecular bone score (TBS), and bone biomarkers.

Results
We present the baseline data of the patients enrolled in the registry. We analyzed a total of 101 patients: 18 men, 35 premenopausal, and 48 postmenopausal women. The mean (SD) age at the onset of HypoPT was 40.7 (16.8) years, and the average disease duration was 11.2 (8.6) years. The most common etiology was postsurgical (74.3% vs. 25.7% non-surgical). Most patients received calcium supplements (89%) and active vitamin D (80%) at baseline. No fragility fractures or low BMD were reported in premenopausal women. However, BMD at LS, FN, TH, and TBS were significantly lower in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal women.

Conclusions
Overall, 35% of postmenopausal women had osteoporosis by BMD or prior fragility fracture, and 4% had both. Three men ≥ 50 years had osteoporosis by BMD or fragility fracture (33.3%; n = 3/9). This study suggests that close follow-up of skeletal health is necessary in postmenopausal women with chronic HypoPT and men ≥ 50 years.