bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TELAAH FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix DC) DI KABUPATEN KARAWANG
Authors: Arfania Maya 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak
Jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix DC.) merupakan salah satu keanekaragaman flora di Indonesia. Jeruk purut oleh masyarakat Indonesia dimanfaatkan sebagai penyedap masakan dan aroma terapi. Penelitian mengenai jeruk purut masih terbatas dilakukan dibandingkan ketersediaan jeruk purut di alam yang melimpah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder ekstrak etanol daun jeruk purut yang terdiri dari flavonoid, alkaloid, polifenolat, kuinon, monoterpenoid dan seskuiterpenoid.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi kemudian dianalisis penapisan fitokimia simplisia daun jeruk purut secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun jeruk purut positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenolat, kuinon, monoterpenoid dan seskuiterpenoid.
Kata kunci : Daun citrus hystrix, ekstraksi, metabolit sekunder

Abstract

Lime (Citrus hystrix DC) is one of the flora diversity in Indonesia. Lime has been used as a seasoning and aromatherapy by Indonesian people. Research of lime still limited compared to lime availability which is very rich in the nature. The purpose of the research is to discover the content of ethanol extract of lime leaves which is consist of flavonoids, alkaloids, poliphenolics, quinone, monoterpenoin, and sesquiterpenoin.
The research is conducted with extraction method then the phytochemical screebning of lime leaves simplicia has been analyzed with qualitative methode. The result show that lime leeaves extract positively contain alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenolics, quinone, monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid compound.

Keywords: Citrus hystrix leaves, extraction, secondary metabolite
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN OBAT GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD) PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KARAWANG
Authors: Dedy Friyanto  , Siti Lestari  
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) adalah suatu kondisi refluksnya HCL dari gaster ke esofagus, mengakibatkan gejala klinis dan komplikasi yang menurunkan kualitas hidup seseorang. Angka pravalensi di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun meningkat yaitu sebanyak 25,18% pada tahun 2002, peningkatan ini terjadi akibat adanya perubahan gaya hidup yang dapat meningkatkan faktor risiko GERD seperti merokok dan minum kopi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian analis kuantitatif untuk mengetahui angka kejadian, kerasionalan penggunaan obat dan faktor hubungan penyakit sedangkan kualitatif untuk mengetahui gambaran pola penggunaan obat dan karateristik pasien GERD dengan metode observasional. Hasil penelitian angka kejadian GERD di RSUD Karawang adalah 68 pasien, pada pasien perempuan lebih tinggi sebesar 51,5% (35 pasien) dan Kerasionalan terapi pada pasien GERD di RSUD Karawang menggunakan tiga literatur yaitu Pharmacotherapy Handbook, British National Formulary edition 70 dan Konsensus GERD di Indonesia edisi tahun 2013 diperoleh hasil rata-rata: tepat indikasi sebesar 80,4%, tepat obat sebesar 59,3%, tepat pasien sebesar 89,7% dan tepat dosis sebesar 64%. Pada analisis bivariat menggunakan analisis Kruskal Wallis nilai p sebesar 0,014 menunjukkan jenis kelamin adalah faktor resiko tanda dan gejala Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).

Kata Kunci : Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Prevalensi, Rasionalitas terapi, Pasien Rawat Jalan.

ABSTRACT
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a condition of HCL reflux from gastric to esophagus, resulting in clinical symptoms and complications that reduce a person's quality of life. The pravalence rate in Indonesia has increased from year to year by as much as 25.18% in 2002, this increase is due to lifestyle changes that can increase GERD risk factors such as smoking and drinking coffee. This study uses a quantitative analyst research design to determine the incidence, rational use of drugs and disease relationship factors while qualitative to describe the pattern of drug use and characteristics of GERD patients with observational methods. The results of the study of the incidence of GERD in RSUD Karawang were 68 patients, in female patients higher by 51.5% (35 patients) and rationality of therapy in GERD patients in RSUD Karawang using three literature namely Pharmacotherapy Handbook, British National Formulary edition 70 and GERD Consensus in the 2013 edition of Indonesia the average results were obtained: the exact indication was 80.4%, the exact drug was 59.3%, the exact patient was 89.7% and the exact dose was 64%. In the bivariate analysis using the Kruskal Wallis analysis the p value of 0.014 indicates gender is a risk factor for signs and symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).

Keywords : Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Prevalence, Rationality of therapy, Outpatients.
PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI GELLING AGENT CARBOPOL 940 TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK SEDIAAN GEL HAND SANITIZER MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum Sanctum L.)
Authors: Iin Lidia Putama Mursal  , Anggun Hari Kusumawati  , Devi Hartianti Puspasari  
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK
Hand sanitizer adalah produk efektif dan murah yang dapat mengurangi mikroorganisme pada kulit. Banyak hand sanitizer yang mengandung etanol dan alkohol dengan kadar 60% -95% tetapi kandungan alkohol dalam hand sanitizer dapat menyebabkan resiko kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh gelling agent Carbopol 940 terhadap sifat fisik sediaan gel hand sanitizer. Konsentrasi yang digunakan untuk gelling agent Carbopol 940 yaitu 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%. Uji sifat fisik meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji viskositas, uji daya sebar dan uji daya lekat. Hasil penelitian sifat fisik sediaan gel hand sanitizer minyak atsiri daun kemangi yaitu peningkatan kadar gelling agent menyebabkan warna gel semakin pudar, wujud semakin kental, peningkatan viskositas, peningkatan daya lekat dan penurunan daya sebar. Berdasarkan uji sifat fisik sediaan gel hand sanitizer minyak atsiri daun kemangi dapat disimpulkan bahwa (F2) dengan konsentrasi 1% Carbopol 940 adalah formula optimal karena memenuhi semua persyaratan sifat fisik gel.
Kata kunci : gelling agent, carbopol 940, sifat fisik, Ocimum sanctum L.

ABSTRACT
Hand sanitizers were effective and inexpensive product that can reduce of microorganims on the skin. Many hand sanitizer have contents up to 60%-95% ethanol and isopropyl alcohol, but using alcohol in hand sanitizer can cause health risks effect. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of gelling agent Carbopol 940 on physical properties of formulation gel hand sanitizer. The concentration that used for the Carbopol 940 gelling agent are 0,5%; 1%; 1,5%. The test of physical properties includes organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dispersive ability, and adhesion The results of this research on the physical properties gel hand sanitizer of basil essensial oil, showed that the increasing of gelling agent consentrasion, makes the gel getting faded, more thicker, increase of viscosity, adhesion and decrease of dispersive ability. Based on the physical properties test, (F2) with 1% concentration of Carbopol 940 is the optimal formula it caused by it suitable all the parameters of the physical properties of gel.
Keywords : gelling agent, carbopol 940, physical properties, Ocimum sanctum L.
EVALUASI KUALITATIF PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN ANAK DENGAN METODE GYSSENS DI RSUD KARAWANG
Authors: Diany Astuti  , Yuli Nurhayati  
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK
Peresepan antibiotik untuk pasien anak-anak paling banyak digunakan dalam terapi. Penggunaan Antibiotik untuk anak-anak harus diawasi dan dikendalikan karena penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak terkontrol dan tidak tepat dapat berdampak pada kegagalan efek terapi yang diharapkan dan kemungkinan dapat meyebabkan resistensi antimikroba. Pemakaian antibiotik harus dianalisis untuk mengendalikan resistensi antibiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menilai rasionalitas terapi antibiotik pada pasien anak. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis deskriptif retrospektif dengan pengambilan data purposive sampling. Subjek dari penelitian adalah rekam medis dari bangsal anak RSUD Karawang. Rasionalitas penggunaan antibiotik adalah penilaian melalui metode gyssens. 147 data dianalisis untuk penelitian ini terdiri dari anak laki-laki (54,40%) dan perempuan (45,60%) dengan kasus demam tifoid (53,10), diare (24,5%) dan bronkopneumonia (22,4%). Antibiotik yang digunakan sefotaksim (71,43%), amoksisilin (5,44%) dan kloramfenikol (4,76%). Penilaian antibiotik melalui metode Gyssens adalah skala IVA (93,20%), skala IIB (6,12%) dan skala IIIA (0,68%).
Kata Kunci: Antibiotik, Rasionalitas, Metode Gyssens.

ABSTRACT
Antibiotics prescription for pediatric patients is most widely used in therapy. Antibiotic use for pediatric must be watched and controlled because uncontrolled and inappropriate use of antibiotic can impact on failure of expected therapeutic effect and can also cause the possibility of antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic consumption is must analyzed for controlling the antibiotics resistance. The aim of study The aim of this study was to assess the rationality of antibiotic therapy in pediatric patients. This research is a retrospective descriptive analysis with purposive data sampling. Subject of study are medical record from pediatric ward in RSUD Karawang. Rationality used of antibiotic is asses through Gyssens method. 147 data was analyzed for this study consist of boys (54,40%) and girls (45,60%) with case of typhoid fever (53,10), diarrhea (24,5%) and bronchopneumonia (22,4%). Antibiotic was use Cefotaxime (71,43%), Amoxicillin (5,44%), Chloramphenicol (4,76%)etc. Assessment antibiotic through Gyssens method are IVA scale (93,20%), IIB scale ( 6,12%) and IIIA scale (0,68%).
Keyword : Antibiotic, Rationality, Gyssens Method.
LEARN TO TEACH RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LABGUAGE
O.A. Uskova, L.N. Sahakyan
THE WORLD SPEAKS RUSSIAN (THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE)
Authors: Васильева Т.В. 
Published: November 2020

Учебно-методическое пособие «Мир говорит на русском (теоретические и прикладные аспекты обучения русскому языку как иностранному)», вышедшее в издательстве «Русская речь» в 2019 г., раскрывает основные положения методики преподавания РКИ. Оно актуально для широкого круга читателей: как для студентов, так и для преподавателей РКИ.
The training manual «The world speaks Russian (Theoretical and applied aspects of teaching Russian as a Foreign Language)», published by the «Russian Speech» Publishing House in 2019, provides the main methodologies of teaching Russian as a Foreign Language. This book is intended to be used by postgraduate students, who study at courses of training programs: Master degree – 04.45.02 Linguistics. Theory and practice of teaching Russian as a Foreign Language, Ph.D degree – 13.00.02 Theory of education and training (Russian as a Foreign Language), by teachers of Russian as a Foreign Language and students of continuing education and retraining programs Theory and practice of teaching Russian as a Foreign Language.
COVID-19: What We Know So Far
Authors: Emmanuel Nancy , Zibara Victor , Saad Jean Michel , Iskandar Rita , Abi Assaad Rawad , Ammanouil Emmanuel , Bilen Yara , Chidiac Georgio , El Ahmar Nourhan 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019, the number of affected cases has not stopped rising. Similarly, the number of scientific publications and pre-prints has been increasing exponentially, with an effort to understand this disease more and find a proper solution. The purpose of this article is to review the current understanding of the novel coronavirus. Background: The latest COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has spread globally ever since it emerged in Wuhan's city in China. This rapidly spreading disease has changed our lives in unimaginable ways, spreading fear and uncertainty due to the lack of knowledge and the flooding with new information, which lacks the scientific method and cannot be critically appraised. The purpose of this article is to gather some of the best knowledge that has been published so far in a unified narrative review, making it easy for the scientific community to review the most accurate and recent understandings about COVID-19. Methods: We screened relevant articles using a specified number of keywords and specific databases, including PubMed and Embase. We selected peer-reviewed English published material related to the topic, except for a few pre-prints that we deemed necessary to include. We also screened the reference lists of these articles to find relevant publications with the same criteria. Discussion: This narrative overview comprises several subsections that discuss the epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and management of the disease. We also presented a section on the implications of the disease in pregnancy. We wrapped up the review with a special division regarding the response to COVID-19, which has been diverse in different countries. Conclusion: COVID-19 has been a serious global health threat with a high transmission and case fatality rate, particularly in vulnerable populations. Epidemiologic models have so far guided the response, but they need to be interpreted carefully, with an understanding of their limitations. The disease's response has varied among different countries; with no current vaccine or standard treatment, the world stands in fear, maximizing preventive strategies to reduce the damages caused by this virus. This manuscript presents a summary of everything that is so far known about COVID-19 to make it easier for the medical community to overview the disease that has changed the world.
Regard engagé d’un socialiste français sur les élections européennes de 2019 et la situation politique qui en est issue
Authors: Braud Maurice 
Published: November 2020

Cet article examine les résultats de la famille socialiste, social-démocrate et travailliste européenne lors des élections européennes du printemps 2019. Moins spectaculaire et fort qu’annoncé, le recul électoral de cette famille politique est néanmoins important. L’auteur en propose une lecture dans le temps, en reprenant quelques étapes de la structuration européenne de cette famille politique. Outre des causes internes, ce fléchissement électoral important s’inscrit aussi dans un contexte de mutation du système politique européen, dans lequel la famille socialiste européenne et ses organisations liées ne sont pas parvenues à apparaître comme la force positive de rupture. Dans l’environnement politique européen actuel, l’auteur esquisse quelques voies susceptibles de contribuer à un regain électoral et à un rebond politique.
Dans quelle mesure l’affirmation selon laquelle « l’Europe, c’est la paix » est-elle fondée ?
Authors: Schwok René 
Published: November 2020

« L’Europe, c’est la paix ». Il s’agit là d’une des formules les plus souvent mises en avant par les partisans de la construction européenne. Et pourtant, aussi étonnant que cela puisse paraître, aucune étude approfondie n’a jamais essayé d’étayer une telle affirmation. Un tel travail est d’autant plus nécessaire que le lien entre “intégration européenne” et “paix” est désormais fortement contesté, particulièrement avec l’ascension de forces opposées à la construction européenne. L’objectif de cet article est de renouveler l’argumentation sur ce sujet. Pour ce faire, il n’hésite pas à contester certains poncifs véhiculés par les européistes (pro-Européens), tout en incorporant de manière dialectique certaines des objections avancées par l’approche eurosceptique.
La problématisation : une entrée pour examiner et repenser l’apprentissage des élèves en éducation physique et sportive à l’école maternelle
Authors: Véjux-Grillot Marine 
Published: November 2020

Cet article rend compte d’une approche collaborative menée dans trois classes de grande section (GS) de maternelle. L’étude met en relation des enseignants du premier degré et un chercheur collaborant autour d’une « situation forcée » (Orange, 2010) en sports collectifs. La situation repose sur une alternance « mise en activité - débat - mise en activité » pour les élèves. L’objectif étant que ces derniers problématisent à partir d’un obstacle rencontré en situation afin de le dépasser et de transformer leur activité tactico-technique. La capacité des élèves de maternelle à problématiser de même que l’impact de l’activité de problématisation dans la construction d’apprentissages moteurs en éducation physique et sportive (EPS) sont examinés dans cette étude.
Baseline characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to a Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) in Southern Italy
Authors: Di Lecce Valentina , Carpagnano Giovanna Elisiana , Pierucci Paola , Quaranta Vitaliano Nicola , Barratta Federica , Zito Annapaola , Buonamico Enrico , Resta Onofrio 
Published: November 2020

The recent Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, first in China and then also in Italy, brought to the attention the problem of the saturation of Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Almost all previous reports showed that in ICU less than half of patients were treated with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and the rest of them with non-invasive respiratory support. This highlighted the role of respiratory intensive care units (RICUs), where patients with moderate to severe respiratory failure can be treated with non-invasive respiratory support, avoiding ICU admission. In this report, we describe baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of 97 patients with moderate to severe respiratory failure due to COVID-19 admitted to the RICU of the Policlinico of Bari from March 11th to May 31st 2020. In our population, most of the subjects were male (72%), non-smokers (76%), with a mean age of 69.65±14 years. Ninety-one percent of patients presented at least one comorbidity and 60% had more than two comorbidities. At admission, 40% of patients showed PaO2/FiO2 ratio between 100 and 200 and 17% showed Pa02/FiO2 ratio <100. Mean Pa02/FiO2 ratio at admission was 186.4±80. These patients were treated with non-invasive respiratory support 40% with CPAP, 38% with BPAP, 3% with HFNC, 11% with standard oxygen therapy or with IMV through tracheostomy (patients in step down from ICU, 8%). Patients discharged to general ward (GW) were 51%, 30% was transferred to ICU and 19% died. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few described experiences of patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 treated outside the ICU, in a RICU. Outcomes of our patients, characterized by several risk factors for disease progression, were satisfactory compared with other experiences regarding patients treated with non-invasive respiratory support in ICU. The strategical allocation of our RICU, between ED and ICU, might have positively influenced clinical outcomes of our patients.
Spectrum and Evolution of EEG Changes in Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis
Authors: Viswanathan Lakshminarayanapuram Gopal , Siddappa Shreedhara A. , Nagappa Madhu , Mahadevan Anita , Duble Shishir , Bindu Parayil S , Taly Arun B , Sinha Sanjib 
Published: November 2020

Background:
NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) is the most prevalent autoimmune encephalitis and it encompasses a spectrum of clinical features. It is most commonly associated with alteration in consciousness, seizures, neuro-psychiatric symptoms, and movement disorders. Electroencephalography (EEG) plays a vital role and can give clues to diagnosis in a subset of patients.

Methods:
We retrospectively characterized the clinical and EEG findings in our NMDARE patients (n = 48). A total of 131 EEGs were analyzed.

Results:
We observed that patients with seizures had a younger age of onset (p < 0.001). The most common EEG pattern that was noted was diffuse slowing (n = 20) followed by generalized rhythmic delta activity (n = 9), focal spikes and slowing (n = 8 each). Delta brush pattern was seen in only 3 EEGs. Focal ictal rhythms were seen in 3 EEGs. There was no significant difference in outcomes such as seizure recurrence, modified Rankin score (mRS) at follow up/discharge or relapse between groups of patients who had EEG abnormalities in the first EEG and with those who did not.

Conclusions:
NMDARE has varied EEG findings, most of them being non-specific. When combined with clinical presentation, EEG is a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of NMDARE.
Chẩn đoán trước bất thường nhiễm sắc thể ở thai mắc tim bẩm sinh liên quan đến quá trình ngăn thân động mạch – nón tim
Authors: Bùi Hải Nam , Trần Danh Cường , Nguyễn Thị Hiệp Tuyết 
Published: November 2020

Mục tiêu: Mô tả bất thường nhiễm sắc thể (NST) liên quan đến bất thường quá trình ngăn thân động mạch – nón tim được chẩn đoán trước sinh.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: mô tả cắt ngang 109 thai được chẩn đoán dị tật tim bẩm sinh (TBS) liên quan đến quá trình ngăn thân động mạch – nón tim trên siêu âm, được chọc hút dịch ối, sử dụng kỹ thuật BoBs và Karyotype để phân tích NST thai.
Kết quả: Các loại dị tật TBS liên quan đến quá trình ngăn thân động mạch – nón: Tứ chứng fallot (63/109 - 57,8%), chuyển chỗ mạch máu lớn (18/109 - 16,5%), hẹp động mạch phổi (10/109 – 9,2%), thất phải hai đường ra (5/109 – 4,6%), thân chung động mạch (2/109 – 1,8%) và các loại bất thường khác liên quan đến động mạch chủ, thất trái (11/109 – 10,1%). Tỷ lệ bất thường NST là 33/109 (30,3%), bất thường về số lượng NST là 14/33 trường hợp và bất thường về cấu trúc NST là 19/33 trường hợp (13 trường hợp hội chứng DiGeorge). Nhóm có bất thường phối hợp cơ quan khác ngoài tim có nguy cơ NST bất thường cao hơn 7.3 lần so với nhóm chỉ có biểu hiện bất thường tại tim, OR = 7.3 (2.6; 20.5), p = 0.0002.
Kết luận: Các loại dị tật tim bẩm sinh liên quan đến quá trình ngăn thân động mạch là các dị tật nặng, thai bất thường NST ở nhóm dị tật này chiếm tỷ lệ cao, trong đó hội chứng DiGeorge chiếm phần lớn.
Peranan Sistem Penilaian CAVeA2T2 dalam Memprediksi Maturasi Fistula Radiosefalika
Authors: Andhini Ratna Astri , Djajakusumah Teguh Marfen , Hapsari Putie , Nusjirwan Rama 
Published: November 2020

Latar Belakang. Berdasarkan panduan National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF/KDOQI), fistula radiosefalika merupakan pilihan utama akses vaskular pada pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis. Fistula dikatakan matur apabila sesuai dengan rule of six (laju aliran >600mL/menit, diameter ?6mm dan berjarak sekitar ?6mm dari permukaan kulit). Sistem penilaian CAVeA2T2 (akses vena sentral ipsilateral, usia >73 tahun, vena <2,2mm, riwayat angioplasty pada tungkai bawah, dan tidak ditemukannya thrill intraoperatif) memiliki potensi dalam menilai maturasi fistula radiosefalika.
Metode. Desain analitis menggunakan metode kohort prospektif dengan consecutive sampling untuk menilai perananan sistem penilaian CAVeA2T2 dalam memprediksi maturasi fistula radiosefalika. Populasi terjangkau adalah pasien gagal ginjal terminal (GGT) yang datang ke poliklinik Bedah Vaskular RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung dan RSKG Ny.R.A.Habibie yang akan menjalani operasi fistula radiosefalika. Uji statistik menggunakan uji univariat untuk dekskripsi data. Sampel dikelompokkan berdasarkan skor CAVeA2T2 (skor <2 dan ?2) dan status maturasi fistula (matur/non matur) kemudian dianalisis melalui perbandingan antar kelompok melalui model bivariat. Selanjutnya analisis untuk menguji hipotesis melalui analisis Chi-Square Fisher dengan batas kemaknaan 0,05.
Hasil. Didapatkan 24 pasien (perbandingan laki-laki dan perempuan adalah 1:1) yang dilakukan analisis dengan rentang usia 21-76 tahun, rerata tekanan sistolik 149,2 (±28,4) mmHg. Didapatkan sitem penilaian CAVeA2T2 memiliki peranan dalam memprediksi maturasi fistula radiosefalika dengan probabilitas kesalahan statistik sebesar p<0,01 dan koefisien kontingensi sebesar C=0,674. Derajat peranan sistem penilaian CAVeA2T2 terhadap maturasi fistula radiosefalika tergolong sangat kuat berdasarkan klasifikasi Guilford.
Kesimpulan. Sistem penilaian CAVeA2T2 memiliki peranan dalam memprediksi maturasi fistula radiosefalika.
(ISSN 2723-7494 J Bedah Indonesia. 2020;48:15-37)