bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of disability-adjusted life years for diseases due to low fruit intake in 2017–2040 in Japan
Authors: Yoneoka Daisuke , Nomura Shuhei , Tanaka Shiori , Ishizuka Aya , Peter Ueda , Rauniyar Santosh Kumar , Nakamura Keiji , Uneyama Hisayuki , Hayashi Naoki , Shibuya Kenji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:The current study aimed to predict disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate in Japan through 2040 with plausible future scenarios of fruit intake for neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes and kidney diseases (DKD).Design:Data from National Health and Nutrition Surveys and the Global Burden of Diseases study in 2017 were used. We developed an autoregressive integrated moving average model with four future scenarios. Reference scenario maintains the current trend. Best scenario assumes that the goal defined in Health Japan 21 is achieved in 2023 and is kept constant afterwards. Moderate scenario assumes that the goal is achieved in 2040. Constant scenario applies the same proportion of 2016 for the period between 2017 and 2040.Setting:DALY rates in Japan were predicted for the period between 2017 and 2040.Participants:Population aged more than than 20 years old.Results:In our reference forecast, the DALY rates in all-ages group were projected to be stable for CVD and continue increasing for neoplasms and DKD. Age group-specific DALY rates for these three disease groups were forecasted to decrease, with some exceptions. Among men aged 20–49 years, DALY attributable to CVD differed substantially between the scenarios, implying that there is a significant potential for reducing the burden of CVD by increasing fruit intake at the population level.Conclusions:Our scenario analysis shows that higher fruit intake is associated with lower disease burden in Japan. Further research is required to assess which policies and interventions can be used to achieve an increase in fruit intake as modelled in the scenarios of the current study.
Food insecurity and obesity among US young adults: the moderating role of biological sex and the mediating role of diet healthfulness
Authors: Li Yufei , Rosenthal Samantha R 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between food insecurity (FI) and obesity, measured by BMI and waist circumference (WC), among young adults and test the moderating role of biological sex and the mediating role of diet healthfulness (DH).Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016.Participants:The sample included 4667 young adults aged 18–35 years.Results:Given the interaction terms between sex and FI, biological sex was a moderator between both FI and WC (P = 0·031) and FI and BMI (P = 0·007) among young adults. FI was associated with a 1·16 kg/m2 higher BMI (95 % CI 0·27, 2·05) and a 2·09 cm larger WC (95 % CI 0·05, 4·14) among young female adults, while FI was associated with a 0·26 kg/m2 higher BMI (95 % CI –0·65, 1·16) and a 0·78 cm larger WC (95 % CI −1·13, 2·89) among young male adults. DH mediated the relationships between both FI and BMI (indirect effect β = 0·14; 95 % CI 0·05, 0·23) and FI and WC (indirect effect β = 0·31; 95 % CI 0·10, 0·51) among females. Females with FI had poorer DH and thus had higher BMI and larger WC.Conclusions:Young female adults with FI were more likely to experience overall and abdominal obesity compared with their male counterparts. Results also suggest that females with FI had poorer DH and thus had increased risk of both abdominal and overall obesity.
Association of serum levels of antioxidant micronutrients with mortality in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002
Authors: Peeri Noah C , Chai Weiwen , Cooney Robert V , Tao Meng-Hua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine associations between serum antioxidant levels and mortality (all-cause, cancer and CVD) among US adults.Design:We examined the risk of death from all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with serum antioxidant (vitamin E and carotenoids) and vitamin A levels using Cox regression models to estimate hazards ratios (HR) and 95 % CI.Setting:The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002 was followed up through 31 December 2015.Participants:The NHANES 1999–2002 cohort included 8758 participants aged ≥ 20 years. Serum carotenoid levels were only assessed for the 1999–2000 cycle. Therefore, sample size for each assessed antioxidant ranged from 4633 to 8758.Results:Serum vitamin E level was positively associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 1·22, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·43, highest v. lowest quartile). No other antioxidants were associated with mortality in overall analysis. In race/ethnicity-specific analyses, high vitamin E and α-tocopherol levels were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality among non-Hispanic Whites. Among non-Hispanic Blacks, serum α-tocopherol level was associated with decreased risk of cancer mortality (HR = 0·30, 95 % CI 0·12, 0·75, third v. first quartile) and total carotenoid levels with reduced risk of CVD mortality (HR = 0·26; 95 % CI 0·07, 0·97, second v. lowest quartile). Hispanics with high β-carotene levels had reduced risk of CVD mortality.Conclusions:Serum antioxidant levels may be related to mortality; these associations may differ by race/ethnicity and appeared to be non-linear for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
Degrowth and a sustainable future for archaeology
Authors: Flexner James L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is increasingly acknowledged that 21st-century archaeology faces serious challenges from a variety of directions, ranging from the theoretical to the practical. Above all, the discipline’s entanglement with capitalism, capitalist ideologies and capitalist institutions is simply unsustainable. The concept ofdegrowthinvolves a reconceptualization of archaeology’s possible future(s) in terms of a withdrawal from capitalism and an emphasis on collective and caring praxis looking towards both a sustainable future and the possibilities of the immediate present. A degrowth approach to archaeology can provide a useful supplement to existing critiques and proposed alternatives to current practices. Degrowth proposals such as reorienting economic behaviours towards cooperative, convivial anddépense(communal use of surplus) activities while freeing people to pursue work they find meaningful have potential applications in archaeological practice that address some of the problems currently facing the discipline.
Archaeological heritage in the age of digital colonialism
Authors: Stobiecka Monika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDigital archaeologists claim that their practices have proven to be an important tool for mediating conflict, ensuring that the digital turn in archaeology entails engaging in current political issues. This can be questioned by analysing a copy of the Syrian Arch of Triumph. The original was destroyed in 2015. A year later, a copy was carved out of Egyptian marble; the replica was constructed thanks to digital documentation, which allowed archaeologists to create a 3D model. The arch was placed in various Western locations; however, it never reached Syria. Hybridity, the cultural and political significance of the arch’s replica and its ‘Grand Tour’ invite us to think about different interpretive layers of this artefact of ideological discourse (ontological, epistemological, ethical). In this paper, the replica of the Syrian arch will be analysed through the frameworks of post-colonial theory and technology studies. Both perspectives provide an insight into promising advantages and alarming drawbacks of such digital practices. This paper argues that the case of a copy of the Syrian Arch of Triumph on the one hand reflects the contemporary colonial technocracy in heritage politics (an ethical dimension), and on the other demonstrates that an ideological aspect of its digital reconstruction emerges from a speculative anticipation of what might constitute the universal value of world heritage in the future (an onto-epistemological dimension).
Impact ofin vitroembryo culture and transfer on blood pressure regulation in the adolescent lamb
Authors: Padhee Monalisa , McMillen I. Caroline , Zhang Song , MacLaughlin Severence M. , Armitage James A. , Head Geoffrey A. , Darby Jack R. T. , Kelly Jennifer M. , Rudiger Skye R. , Kleemann David O. , Walker Simon K. , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNutrition during the periconceptional period influences postnatal cardiovascular health. We determined whetherin vitroembryo culture and transfer, which are manipulations of the nutritional environment during the periconceptional period, dysregulate postnatal blood pressure and blood pressure regulatory mechanisms. Embryos were either transferred to an intermediate recipient ewe (ET) or culturedin vitroin the absence (IVC) or presence of human serum (IVCHS) and a methyl donor (IVCHS+M) for 6 days. Basal blood pressure was recorded at 19–20 weeks after birth. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before and after varying doses of phenylephrine (PE). mRNA expression of signaling molecules involved in blood pressure regulation was measured in the renal artery. Basal MAP did not differ between groups. Baroreflex sensitivity, set point, and upper plateau were also maintained in all groups after PE stimulation. Adrenergic receptors alpha-1A (αAR1A), alpha-1B (αAR1B), and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) mRNA expression were not different from controls in the renal artery. These results suggest there is no programmed effect of ET or IVC on basal blood pressure or the baroreflex control mechanisms in adolescence, but future studies are required to determine the impact of ET and IVC on these mechanisms later in the life course when developmental programming effects may be unmasked by age.
Higher Temperature Sensitivity of Soil C Release to Atmosphere From Northern Permafrost Soils as Indicated by a Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ren Shuai , Ding Jinzhi , Yan Zhengjie , Cao Yingfang , Li Juan , Wang Yonghui , Liu Dan , Zeng Hui , Wang Tao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe loss of carbon from soils to the atmosphere resulting from climate change is projected to be large, but these projections exhibit significant uncertainty, largely due to insufficient knowledge of the patterns and controls of the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration. Here we synthesized data from 52 soil incubation studies across the Northern Hemisphere to assess the spatial patterns of Q10 and its key drivers in different soil layers and geographic zones. The mean Q10 was 2.51 ± 1.13 across the northern ecosystems, but it exhibited significant variability. After averaged by ecosystem types, the highest mean Q10 value was observed in the northern permafrost soils, where the Q10 values were nearly 18% higher than those in nonpermafrost regions. The temperature sensitivity was larger in subsoil than in topsoil layers, particularly in permafrost subsoils. Besides, the dominant factors that correlate with Q10 values are the carbon input, described by satellite‐derived net primary productivity (NPP) in the topsoil and the soil C:N ratio in the subsoil. Based on the main factors affecting Q10, we provide a gridded Q10 data set for the midhigh‐latitude areas, which further indicates that northern permafrost regions are more sensitive to climate warming than others. These results highlight the key role played by the permafrost in the temperature sensitivity of soil C release, and the necessity of including depth‐specific soil C release processes in models, if we are to make better predictions of the soil C dynamics in future climate change scenarios.
On the First Observed Wave‐Induced Stress Over the Global Ocean
Authors: Chen Sheng , Rutgersson Anna , Yin Xunqiang , Xu Ying , Qiao Fangli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite many investigations/studies on the surface wave‐induced stress, the global feature of the wave‐induced stress has not been obtained previously as that requires a simultaneous observation of wave spectra and wind on a global scale. The China France Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT) provided an opportunity for the first time to evaluate the global wave‐induced stress and its contribution to the total wind stress. In this study, the global spatial distributions of wave‐induced stress and its correlated index for August to November in 2019 are presented using the simultaneous ocean surface winds and wave spectra from the CFOSAT. The main results show that the wave‐induced stress is fundamentally dependent on the wind and wave fields on a global scale and shows significant temporal and spatial variations. Further analyses indicate that there is an upward momentum flux under strong swells and low wind speeds (below ∼5 m/s), and an anticorrelation between the dimensionless wave‐induced stress and the proportion of swell energy to the total. Finally, the variations of the surface wave induced wind stress are clear asymmetric between northern and southern hemispheres in late summer but symmetric in late fall, which are closely associated with the seasonal changes in large‐scale atmospheric circulation.
Prediction and Analysis of Lake Ice Phenology Dynamics Under Future Climate Scenarios Across the Inner Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ruan Yongjian , Zhang Xinchang , Xin Qinchuan , Qiu Yubao , Sun Ying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow climate change influences lake ice phenology is important in understanding the climate‐lake interactions. This study investigates the response of lake ice phenology to future climate scenarios. Thirty‐five lakes in the Tibetan Plateau were studied. Firstly, we applied a random forest (RF) model to simulate lake ice condition under different representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The results of the virtual experiments show that lake ice freeze‐up start date (FUSD) and break‐up end date (BUED) are well simulated by the RF model, with R2FUSD > 0.91 under different RCPs, and R2BUED > 0.84, except in RCP2.6 (R2 = 0.74). Secondly, two non‐parametric methods (Mann‐Kendall and Sen's slope estimator) were used for analyzing the trends in lake ice phenology and its response to various emission scenarios. Lake ice phenology was largely affected by temperature changes under different RCPs, and it had a larger inter‐annual variability in the early period (2002–2050) than in the later period (2050–2099). FUSD of 35 lakes delayed by an average of 0.01, 0.04, and 0.04 days/yr from 2002 to 2098 under RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5, whereas BUED advanced by an average of 0.04, 0.11, and 0.21 days/yr from 2003 to 2099. Both delays in FUSD and advances in BUED contributed to shortened average ice duration of 35 lakes, which shortened by 0.05, 0.14, and 0.25 days/yr from 2002 to 2098 under RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5, respectively. These findings could help to tackle the impacts of climate change on the lake systems.
Modeling the Transmission of Optical Lightning Signals Through Complex 3‐D Cloud Scenes
Authors: Peterson Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpace‐based lightning imagers have shown that complex cloud scenes consisting of multiple tall convective features, anvil clouds, and warm boundary cloud layers are illuminated by lightning in many different ways depending on where the lightning occurs and how energetic it is. Modifications to the optical lightning signals from radiative transfer in the cloud medium can lead to reductions in detection efficiency and location accuracy for these instruments and can also cause some of the optical signals that are detected to have unexpected spatial energy distributions. In this study, we perform Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations of optical lightning emissions in clouds with complex 3‐D geometries to shed some light on the origins of certain irregular radiance patterns that have been recorded from orbit. We show that diffuse reflections off nearby cloud faces can explain lightning signals in nonelectrified clouds, tall clouds can result in poor optical transmission and suppressed radiances that could lead to missed events and that particularly favorable viewing conditions can cause otherwise normal lightning to produce a superbolt that is orders of magnitude brighter than the same flash seen from a different angle.
The Nature and Origins of Sub‐Neptune Size Planets
Authors: Bean Jacob L. , Raymond Sean N. , Owen James E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlanets intermediate in size between the Earth and Neptune, and orbiting closer to their host stars than Mercury does the Sun, are the most common type of planet revealed by exoplanet surveys over the last quarter century. Results from NASA's Kepler mission have revealed a bimodality in the radius distribution of these objects, with a relative underabundance of planets between 1.5 and 2.0 . This bimodality suggests that sub‐Neptunes are mostly rocky planets that were born with primary atmospheres a few percent by mass accreted from the protoplanetary nebula. Planets above the radius gap were able to retain their atmospheres (“gas‐rich super‐Earths”), while planets below the radius gap lost their atmospheres and are stripped cores (“true super‐Earths”). The mechanism that drives atmospheric loss for these planets remains an outstanding question, with photoevaporation and core‐powered mass loss being the prime candidates. As with the mass‐loss mechanism, there are two contenders for the origins of the solids in sub‐Neptune planets: the migration model involves the growth and migration of embryos from beyond the ice line, while the drift model involves inward‐drifting pebbles that coagulate to form planets close‐in. Atmospheric studies have the potential to break degeneracies in interior structure models and place additional constraints on the origins of these planets. However, most atmospheric characterization efforts have been confounded by aerosols. Observations with upcoming facilities are expected to finally reveal the atmospheric compositions of these worlds, which are arguably the first fundamentally new type of planetary object identified from the study of exoplanets.
Diverse Polygonal Patterned Grounds in the Northern Eridania Basin, Mars: Possible Origins and Implications
Authors: Dang Yanan , Zhang Feng , Zhao Jiannan , Wang Jiang , Xu Yi , Huang Ting , Xiao Long 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiverse polygonal patterned grounds are found to occur in the Eridania basin system (a set of connecting irregular‐shaped depressions interpreted as a paleolake basin system) located in the martian highland region between Terra Cimmeria and Sirenum. We here use multiple sets of imagery to document diverse polygonal patterned grounds in the fluvio‐lacustrine deposits of the northern Eridania basin, and interpret their formation mechanisms. The combination of detailed geomorphological mapping, morphometrical analyses, and investigation of the spatial distribution of polygonal patterned grounds with other geologic features leads us to conclude that (1) desiccation process within the clay‐rich materials would primarily contribute to the formation of cracked polygons, while the ridged polygons are best explained by mineral‐filled fractures that have been cemented and variably indurated by fluids; (2) the correlation between polygon size and topography is observed in the northern smooth light‐toned basement units, which can be best explained by the concentration of salt minerals (such as sulfate) in topographic lows so that the growth of fracturing is inhibited; (3) the large polygonal ridges formed in the knobby light‐toned terrains show a spatial distribution and a trend controlled by basin‐scale compressional tectonics and influenced by preexisting topography, for example, impact structures; (4) the linear fracture‐to‐ridge gradation indicates that the polygonal ridges in chlorides might be guided by the subjacent cracks occurring within clay‐rich materials; (5) both features (cracks and ridges) in some places may have formed simultaneously and are spatially distinct due to differences in erosional states; and (6) geologic features show a wealth of information of multiple aqueous events with the evaporation of the last liquid water ponding to form the southern playa where chloride salt precipitates. Crater retention age determination for the chloride‐bearing basement unit places a lower limit for the cessation of the local aqueous events to ∼3.29 Ga, indicating that the open‐system‐style alteration by surface waters on Mars might have continued in the period of the Late Hesperian to Early Amazonian.
An Assessment of xsBa Flux as a Paleoproductivity Indicator and Its Water‐Depth Dependence in the Easternmost Equatorial Pacific Ocean
Authors: Singh Ajay K. , Marcantonio Franco , Lyle Mitchell 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present the first regional‐scale records of biogenic Barium (xsBa) fluxes in the Panama basin of the eastern‐equatorial margin of the Pacific Ocean in order to assess xsBa as a paleoproductivity proxy. Measurements of xsBa from 13 cores that range in water depths from about 700 to 3,000 m show an increase in 230Th‐normalized xsBa mass accumulation rates (MARs) with increasing water depth during both marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) 1 and 2. The correlation of xsBa MARs with depth are strong despite differences in bulk sediment MARs and differing degrees of sediment redistribution. We interpret the increasing xsBa with water depth as likely due to the continued decomposition and remineralization of falling and/or resuspended biogenic particles. xsBa does not seem to be affected by diagenetic sulfate reduction in most of the cores. Calculated estimates of xsBa preservation in the sediment pile are high and fluctuate between 45% and 52% throughout the last 25 kyr. Although xsBa fluxes can be a robust indicator of paleoproductivity, caution is needed if (a) there is evidence of sulfate reduction in sediments being analyzed, and (b) one is trying to quantify differences in paleoproductivity among sites that are located at different depths in the water column.
Quantifying the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors on CD8+ cytotoxic T cells for immunotherapeutic applications via single-cell interaction
Authors: Sullivan Matthew Ryan , Ugolini Giovanni Stefano , Sarkar Saheli , Kang Wenjing , Smith Evan Carlton , Mckenney Seamus , Konry Tania 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe inhibition of the PD1/PDL1 pathway has led to remarkable clinical success for cancer treatment in some patients. Many, however, exhibit little to no response to this treatment. To increase the efficacy of PD1 inhibition, additional checkpoint inhibitors are being explored as combination therapy options. TSR-042 and TSR-033 are novel antibodies for the inhibition of the PD1 and LAG3 pathways, respectively, and are intended for combination therapy. Here, we explore the effect on cellular interactions of TSR-042 and TSR-033 alone and in combination at the single-cell level. Utilizing our droplet microfluidic platform, we use time-lapse microscopy to observe the effects of these antibodies on calcium flux in CD8+ T cells upon antigen presentation, as well as their effect on the cytotoxic potential of CD8+ T cells on human breast cancer cells. This platform allowed us to investigate the interactions between these treatments and their impacts on T-cell activity in greater detail than previously applied in vitro tests. The novel parameters we were able to observe included effects on the exact time to target cell killing, contact times, and potential for serial-killing by CD8+ T cells. We found that inhibition of LAG3 with TSR-033 resulted in a significant increase in calcium fluctuations of CD8+ T cells in contact with dendritic cells. We also found that the combination of TSR-042 and TSR-033 appears to synergistically increase tumor cell killing and the single-cell level. This study provides a novel single-cell-based assessment of the impact these checkpoint inhibitors have on cellular interactions with CD8+ T cells.