bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bees of the genus Centris Fabricius, 1804 described by Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Vivallo Felipe 
Published: March 2020

In this paper the primary types of Centris bees described by the British entomologist Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell deposited in the Natural History Museum (London) and the Oxford University Museum of Natural History (Oxford) in the United Kingdom, as well as in the United States National Museum (Washington), American Museum of Natural History (New York), the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University (Philadelphia), and in the California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco) in the United States were studied. To stabilize the application of the name C. lepeletieri (= C. haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius)), a lectotype is designated. The study of the primary types allow proposing the revalidation of C. cisnerosi nom. rev. from the synonymy of C. agilis Smith, C. nitida geminata nom. rev. from C. facialis Mocsáry, C. rufulina nom. rev. from C. varia (Erichson), C. semilabrosa nom. rev. from C. terminata Smith and C. triangulifera nom. rev. from C. labrosa Friese. Centris bakeri syn. nov., C. bimaculata carrikeri syn. nov., C. fusciventris matoensis syn. nov., C. heterodonta syn. nov. and C. elegans grenadensis syn. nov. are proposed as a new junior synonyms of C. varia, C. claripennis Friese nom. rev., C. caurensis, C. dentata Smith and C. elegans Smith, respectively. Centris ruae is withdrawn from the synonymy of C. transversa Pérez and proposed as a new junior synonym of C. nitida Smith. In addition, a lectotype for C. buchholzi Herbst (= C. wilmattae) is designated. Information on the repository of the lectotype of C. lepeletieri and images of most primary types studied here are also provided.
Parallel-excision infrabrow blepharoplasty with extensive excision of the orbicularis oculi muscle in an Asian population
Authors: Lee Yoon Jae , Kim SeongAe , Lee Jisung , Chung Joong Geel , Jun Young Joon 
Published: March 2020

Background Infrabrow blepharoplasty has become a common surgical method used to rejuvenate aged upper eyelids in Asians. In this paper, we describe the parallel excision method for infrabrow blepharoplasty as a useful alternative to the conventional elliptical excision method. The authors’ experience over a 3-year period is presented and reviewed.
Methods A retrospective review of parallel excision infrabrow blepharoplasty cases at our hospital between 2014 and 2017 was performed. Three oculoplastic surgeons compared preoperative and postoperative photographs using the Strasser grading system.
Results From the medical records of 123 patients, a total of 93 patients with moderate-to-severe bilateral dermatochalasis were selected as subjects. The exclusion criterion was levator function less than 8 mm. The total mean follow-up period was 2 years (range, 0.5–3.5 years). The mean skin excision height and width were 9.75 mm (range, 5–16 mm) and 58.51 mm (range, 42–75 mm), respectively. All patients who underwent surgery recovered without major complications, and all patients had high levels of satisfaction and improvements in their visual field. In the Strasser evaluation performed by the oculoplastic surgeons, most patients were found to have excellent results.
Conclusions The parallel excision method for infrabrow blepharoplasty is a safe and effective technique that yields more natural- and youthful-looking eyelids than the conventional elliptical excision method. In our method, more effective manipulation of the orbicularis oculi muscle led to a reduction in frontalis compensation, resolution of sunken eyelids, and correction of lateral hooding.
Volumetric change of the latissimus dorsi muscle after postoperative radiotherapy in immediate breast reconstruction with an extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap
Authors: Park Tae Seo , Seo Jung Yeol , Razzokov Anvar S. , Choi June Seok , Kim Min Wook , Lee Jae Woo , Kim Hyun Yeol , Jung Youn Joo , Choo Ki Seok , Song Kyeong Ho , Nam Su Bong 
Published: March 2020

Background This study aimed to determine the magnitude of volume reduction of the latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle after treatment using only postoperative radiotherapy (PORTx) in patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction using an extended LD musculocutaneous (eLDMC) flap after partial mastectomy.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients who underwent partial mastectomy and an eLDMC flap, received only PORTx, and underwent chest computed tomography (CT) 7 to 10 days after surgery and 18±4 months after the end of radiotherapy, from March 2011 to June 2016. The motor nerve to the LD was resected in all patients. One plastic surgeon performed the procedures, and the follow-up period was at least 36 months (mean, 46.6 months). The author obtained LD measurements from axial CT views, and the measurements were verified by an experienced radiologist. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P<0.05.
Results A statistically significant decrease in the LD volume was found after the end of PORTx (range, 61.19%–80.82%; mean, 69.04%) in comparison to the measurements obtained 7 to 10 days postoperatively (P<0.05). All cases were observed clinically for over 3 years.
Conclusions The size of an eLDMC flap should be determined considering an average LD reduction of 69% after PORTx. Particular care should be taken in determining the size of an eLDMC flap if the LD is thick or if it occupies a large portion of the flap.
Kajian Literatur Sistematis: Skema Pengendalian Biaya dalam Asuransi Kesehatan Nasional di Beberapa Negara
Authors: Pujiyanti Eka , Setiawan Ery , Jasmin Euis Ratnasari , Suwandi Indah Pratiwi 
Published: March 2020

AbstrakPengendalian biaya merupakan salah satu dari beberapa strategi untuk memastikan keseimbangan finansial dari skema asu­ransi kesehatan nasional. Beberapa model pengendalian biaya yang umum digunakan secara global yaitu seperti cost-shar­ing, capping, dan sebagainya. Review ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan biaya dan dampak dari implementasi skema kebijakan sebagai instrumen pengendalian biaya di berbagai negara. Review sistematis dilakukan dengan mengambil data dari beberapa database yaitu Proquest, Pubmed, dan Cochrane Library dengan intervensi utamanya yaitu menggu­nakan metode cost-sharing. Hasil dari review difokuskan pada skema pengendalian biaya dari perspektif pemerintah, yaitu lingkup asuransi sosial yang dapat berupa modifikasi sistem pembayaran, cost-sharing, capping/quota, dan waiting period. Berdasarkan salah satu studi di Kanada, dapat dilihat bahwa dihasilkan dampak yang signifikan pada sistem kesehatan, mengurangi pengeluaran dan penggunaan obat yang tidak esensial, serta secara tidak langsung meningkatkan efisiensi pasar obat melalui kepedulian peserta dalam penggunan obat. Dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi dari skema pengendalian biaya dapat mengurangi risiko bahaya dari perspektif peserta dengan kontribusi tambahan pada penggunaan pelayanan kesehatan. AbstractCost-containment is one of several strategies to ensure the financial sustainability of the National Health Insurance scheme. Sev­eral cost-containment models were commonly globally, such as cost-sharing, capping, and others. This review aims to determine the costs and impacts of implemented policy schemes as cost-containment instruments in various countries. We performed a systematic review from several primary databases (Proquest, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library) with the primary intervention are the cost-sharing methods. The results of our review focused on the cost containment scheme from the government perspective, in which the context of social insurance can be a modification of payment systems, cost-sharing, capping/quota, and waiting period. From one of the studies in Canada, we can see that the result has a significant impact on the health system, reducing the expendi­ture and the use of drugs that are not essential, and also indirectly improve the technical efficiency of the drug market through the care of participants in drug utilisation. In this research, it can be concluded that the implementation of cost containment schemes can reduce the moral hazard risk from the perspective of participants with additional contributions to the utilisation of healthcare services
Kinerja Rumah Sakit Swasta dengan Pembayaran INA-CBGs di Era Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional: Casemix, Casemix Index, Hospital Base Rate
Authors: Nurwahyuni, SKM, MKes Dr. Atik , Setiawan Ery Setiawan 
Published: March 2020

Abstrak Pembayaran ke rumah sakit yang sebelumnya fee for service, pada era JKN diselenggarakan melalui pola DRG atau INA-CBGs. Rumah sakit swasta harus memonitor kinerjanya menggunakan indikator yang lazim digunakan dalam sistem pembayaran DRG yaitu casemix, casemix index dan Hospital base rate. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja rumah sakit swasta meliputi casemix, casemix index dan hospital base rate. Studi cross sectional ini dilakukan dengan sampel 7 RS yang dipilih secara purposif mewakili RS swasta kelas B, C, dan D yang tersebar di 6 provinsi. Casemix dan CMI RS sangat dipengaruhi oleh kapasitas RS sehingga RS kelas B memiliki casemix dan CMI lebih tinggi dari RS kelas C dan D. Terdapat fenomena CMI di RS kelas C lebih kecil dari kelas D yang kemungkinan disebabkan oleh akurasi koding. Kelengkapan dan ketepatan pengkodean diagnosis dan prosedur sangat berdampak pada besaran casemix dan CMI RS. Hampir semua RS memiliki HBR di atas HBR Nasional kecuali RSC3. Dapat dipastikan RSC3 mendapatkan profit dari implementasi INA-CBGs. Rumah sakit sebaiknya memonitor casemix, CMI dan HBR secara berkala. Kementerian Kesehatan diharapkan mempublikasikan cost weight dan HBR Nasional INA-CBGs serta besaran rata-rata casemix dan CMI menurut kelas RS agar dapat digunakan sebagai benchmark oleh RS. Abstract Private hospitals must monitor their performance using indicators commonly used in DRG payment systems: casemix, casemix index and hospital base rate. This study aims to analyze the performance of private hospitals including casemix, casemix index and hospital base rate. This cross sectional study was conducted with a sample of 7 hospitals selected purposively representing private hospital type B, C, and D in 6 provinces. Casemix and CMI RS are strongly influenced by the hospital capacity, which the hospitals class B have higher casemix and CMI than class C and D hospitals. There is a phenomenon, CMI in class C hospitals smaller than class D which is probably caused by coding accuracy. The completeness and accuracy of diagnosis and procedures coding predominating affect the casemix and CMI. Almost all hospitals have HBR which are higher than National HBR except RSC3. It definitely will trigger profit from the implementation of INA-CBGs. Hospitals should monitor casemix, CMI and HBR regularly. The Ministry of Health is expected to publish the Cost Weight and National HBR as well as the average of casemix and CMI according to class of hospital, for a benchmark by hospitals.
Altered proteome of a Burkholderia pseudomallei mutant defective in short-chain dehydrogenase affects cell adhesion, biofilm formation and heat stress tolerance
Authors: Reamtong Onrapak , Indrawattana Nitaya , Rungruengkitkun Amporn , Thiangtrongjit Tipparat , Duangurai Taksaon , Chongsa-nguan Manas , Pumirat Pornpan 
Published: March 2020

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes melioidosis and is recognized as an important public health problem in southeast Asia and northeast Australia. The treatment of B. pseudomallei infection is hampered by resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents and no vaccine is currently available. At present, the underlying mechanisms of B. pseudomallei pathogenesis are poorly understood. In our previous study, we reported that a B. pseudomallei short-chain dehydrogenase (SDO; BPSS2242) mutant constructed by deletion mutagenesis showed reduced B. pseudomallei invasion and initial intracellular survival. This indicated that SDO is associated with the pathogenesis of melioidosis. In the present study, the role of B. pseudomallei SDO was further investigated using the SDO deletion mutant by a proteomic approach. The protein profiles of the SDO mutant and wild-type K96243 were investigated through gel-based proteomic analysis. Quantitative intensity analysis of three individual cultures of the B. pseudomallei SDO mutant revealed significant down-regulation of five protein spots compared with the wild-type. Q-TOF MS/MS identified the protein spots as a glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter, prolyl-tRNA synthetase, Hsp70 family protein, quinone oxidoreductase and a putative carboxypeptidase. Functional assays were performed to investigate the role of these differentially expressed proteins in adhesion to host cells, biofilm induction and survival under heat stress conditions. The SDO deletion mutant showed a decreased ability to adhere to host cells. Moreover, biofilm formation and the survival rate of bacteria under heat stress conditions were also reduced in the mutant strain. Our findings provide insight into the role of SDO in the survival and pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei at the molecular level, which may be applied to the prevention and control of B. pseudomallei infection.
Iron homeostasis in a mouse model of thalassemia intermedia is altered between adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Sanyear Chanita , Butthep Punnee , Eamsaard Wiraya , Fucharoen Suthat , Svasti Saovaros , Masaratana Patarabutr 
Published: March 2020

Background
Iron overload is one of common complications of β-thalassemia. Systemic iron homeostasis is regulated by iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin, which inhibits intestinal iron absorption and iron recycling by reticuloendothelial system. In addition, body iron status and requirement can be altered with age. In adolescence, iron requirement is increased due to blood volume expansion and growth spurt. Heterozygous β-globin knockout mice (Hbbth3/+; BKO) is a mouse model of thalassemia widely used to study iron homeostasis under this pathological condition. However, effects of age on iron homeostasis, particularly the expression of genes involved in hemoglobin metabolism as well as erythroid regulators in the spleen, during adolescence have not been explored in this mouse model.

Methods
Iron parameters as well as the mRNA expression of hepcidin and genes involved in iron transport and metabolism in wildtype (WT) and BKO mice during adolescence (6–7 weeks old) and adulthood (16–20 weeks old) were analyzed and compared by 2-way ANOVA.

Results
The transition of adolescence to adulthood was associated with reductions in duodenal iron transporter mRNA expression and serum iron levels of both WT and BKO mice. Erythrocyte parameters in BKO mice remained abnormal in both age groups despite persistent induction of genes involved in hemoglobin metabolism in the spleen and progressively increased extramedullary erythropiesis. In BKO mice, adulthood was associated with increased liver hepcidin and ferroportin mRNA expression along with splenic erythroferrone mRNA suppression compared to adolescence.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that iron homeostasis in a mouse model of thalassemia intermedia is altered between adolescence and adulthood. The present study underscores the importance of the age of thalassemic mice in the study of molecular or pathophysiological changes under thalassemic condition.
Self‐Organization of Fibroblast‐Laden 3D Collagen Microstructures from Inkjet‐Printed Cell Patterns
Authors: Park Ju An , Lee Hwa‐Rim , Park Seung‐Yeol , Jung Sungjune 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne of the major challenges encountered in engineering complex tissues in vitro is to increase levels of complexity at the micron scale in 3D structures. Here, a strategy to create self‐organized 3D collagen microstructures by 2D micropatterning of fibroblasts is developed. Drop‐on‐demand inkjet printing is used to pattern fibroblast cells on a collagen substrate in pre‐designed patterns and with controlled density. It is found that cell‐to‐ECM interaction promotes cellular self‐organization of 3D microstructures on collagen hydrogel, whereas the formation of 3D microstructure is inhibited by disruption of actin polymerization. Using this phenomena, the controlled sizes and morphologies of the 3D collagen microstructures is demonstrated by manipulating the designs of cell patterns and the density of cells. Finally, this technique is applied to build a human skin model with papillary microstructures at the dermo‐epidermal junction. This approach to create 3D cell‐laden collagen microstructures by cell patterning provides a simple and powerful way to mimic the structures and functions of complex tissues and organs, and can make a contribution to reduce the gap between the human body and in vitro tissue models.
Flow Homogenization Enables a Massively Parallel Fluidic Design for High‐Throughput and Multiplexed Cell Isolation
Authors: Ooi Chinchun , Earhart Christopher M. , Hughes Casey E. , Lee Jung‐Rok , Wong Dawson J. , Wilson Robert J. , Rohatgi Rajat , Wang Shan X. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrofluidic devices are widely used for applications such as cell isolation. Currently, the most common method to improve throughput for microfluidic devices involves fabrication of multiple, identical channels in parallel. However, this “numbering up” only occurs in one dimension, thereby limiting gains in volumetric throughput. In contrast, macrofluidic devices permit high volumetric flow rates but lack the finer control of microfluidics. Here, it is demonstrated how a micropore array design enables flow homogenization across a magnetic cell capture device, thus creating a massively parallel series of microscale flow channels with consistent fluidic and magnetic properties, regardless of spatial location. This design enables scaling in two dimensions, allowing flow rates exceeding 100 mL h−1 while maintaining >90% capture efficiencies of spiked lung cancer cells from blood in a simulated circulating tumor cell system. Additionally, this design facilitates modularity in operation, which is demonstrated by combining two different devices in tandem for multiplexed cell separation in a single pass with no additional cell losses from processing.
GARS‐related disease in infantile spinal muscular atrophy: Implications for diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Markovitz Rebecca , Ghosh Rajarshi , Kuo Molly E. , Hong William , Lim Jaehyung , Bernes Saunder , Manberg Stephanie , Crosby Kathleen , Tanpaiboon Pranoot , Bharucha‐Goebel Diana , Bonnemann Carsten , Mohila Carrie A. , Mizerik Elizabeth , Woodbury Suzanne , Bi Weimin , Lotze Timothy , Antonellis Anthony , Xiao Rui , Potocki Lorraine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe majority of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) identified to date harbor a biallelic exonic deletion of SMN1. However, there have been reports of SMA‐like disorders that are independent of SMN1, including those due to pathogenic variants in the glycyl‐tRNA synthetase gene (GARS1). We report three unrelated patients with de novo variants in GARS1 that are associated with infantile‐onset SMA (iSMA). Patients were ascertained during inpatient hospital evaluations for complications of neuropathy. Evaluations were completed as indicated for clinical care and management and informed consent for publication was obtained. One newly identified, disease‐associated GARS1 variant, identified in two out of three patients, was analyzed by functional studies in yeast complementation assays. Genomic analyses by exome and/or gene panel and SMN1 copy number analysis of three patients identified two previously undescribed de novo missense variants in GARS1 and excluded SMN1 as the causative gene. Functional studies in yeast revealed that one of the de novo GARS1 variants results in a loss‐of‐function effect, consistent with other pathogenic GARS1 alleles. In sum, the patients' clinical presentation, assessments of previously identified GARS1 variants and functional assays in yeast suggest that the GARS1 variants described here cause iSMA. GARS1 variants have been previously associated with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT2D) and distal SMA type V (dSMAV). Our findings expand the allelic heterogeneity of GARS‐associated disease and support that severe early‐onset SMA can be caused by variants in this gene. Distinguishing the SMA phenotype caused by SMN1 variants from that due to pathogenic variants in other genes such as GARS1 significantly alters approaches to treatment.
Documented skeletal collections in Greece: Composition, research, and future prospects
Authors: Nikita Efthymia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDocumented skeletal collections constitute a key resource in forensic anthropological and bioarchaeological research as they allow both the development of methods for the estimation of various parameters of an individual's biological profile, and the examination of the accuracy of existing methods in different skeletal assemblages. The acknowledgement of the utility of documented collections is attested by the large number of such collections across the world. The current review will focus on two modern reference collections in Greece, briefly presenting their composition, the research projects in which they have been employed, and future prospects for their use.
Urinary glucose and ketone bodies as indicators of acute caffeine poisoning
Authors: Morita Seiji , Tsuji Tomoatsu , Amino Mari , Miura Naoya , Saito Takeshi , Nakagawa Yoshihide 
Published: March 2020

AimIn various countries, many fatal health problems have been reported due to high intake of caffeine‐rich energy drinks, tablets, and powders. In patients with acute caffeine poisoning, determination of blood caffeine concentration is an important yet difficult task. We aimed to assess whether the presence of glucose and ketone bodies in urine reflected the blood caffeine concentration in patients with acute caffeine poisoning.MethodsFrom April 2010 to March 2018, 25 patients with an overdose of only caffeine‐rich tablets were admitted to our hospital. Their clinical features were investigated. In addition, we investigated whether the glucose and ketone bodies in the urine reflected blood caffeine concentration in 23 patients who underwent the urine qualitative test at admission.ResultsThe majority of the patients were young healthy women, whose average caffeine ingestion was 15.6 ± 8.1 g. Initial urine examinations showed glucose in 60% (14/23) of patients and ketone bodies in 57% (13/23) of patients. Ketone bodies or glucose were found in 78% (18/23) of the patients. The correlation between blood caffeine concentration and urinary glucose was R = 0.625, blood caffeine concentration and ketone bodies was R = 0.596, and blood caffeine and both was R = 0.76.ConclusionUrine qualitative test is effective for differential diagnosis and severity assessment of acute caffeine poisoning in patients.
Conditional Copper‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition by Catalyst Encapsulation
Authors: Brevé Tobias G. , Filius Mike , Araman Can , van der Helm Michelle P. , Hagedoorn Peter‐Leon , Joo Chirlmin , van Kasteren Sander I. , Eelkema Rienk 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSupramolecular encapsulation is known to alter chemical properties of guest molecules. We have applied this strategy of molecular encapsulation to temporally control the catalytic activity of a stable copper(I)–carbene catalyst. Encapsulation of the copper(I)–carbene catalyst by the supramolecular host cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) resulted in the complete inactivation of a copper‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. The addition of a chemical signal achieved the near instantaneous activation of the catalyst, by releasing the catalyst from the inhibited CB[7] catalyst complex. To broaden the scope of our on‐demand CuAAC reaction, we demonstrated the protein labeling of vinculin with the copper(I)–carbene catalyst, to inhibit its activity by encapsulation with CB[7] and to initiate labeling at any moment by adding a specific signal molecule. Ultimately, this strategy allows for temporal control over copper‐catalyzed click chemistry, on small molecules as well as protein targets.