bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation Between Low Pulmonary Function and Skeletal Muscle Index in Burn Patients with Major Burn Injury and Smoke Inhalation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Won Yu Hui , Cho Yoon Soo , Kim Dong Hyun , Joo So Young , Seo Cheong Hoon 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This report is to evaluate the relation between pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and skeletal muscle index (SMI) in patients with major burn injury and smoke inhalation. A total of 54 inhalation burn patients were analyzed. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) is a sum of the muscle mass of both arms and legs. SMI is adjusting for body size using body mass index (ASM/BMI). Spirometry was performed to evaluate pulmonary function. Pulmonary function tests included peak cough flow (PCF), forced vital capacity (FVC), 1-s forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced expiratory flow rate between 25 and 75% of the FVC (FEF 25–75), FEV1/FVC ratio expressed as a percentage (FEV1/FVC %), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and maximum voluntary ventilation. Expiratory and inspiratory muscle strengths were measured. The relations between pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and SMI were investigated. SMI showed significant correlations with PCF (r = 0.34 and P = 0.02), FVC (r = 0.55 and P &lt; 0.001), FEV1 (r = 0.45 and P = 0.001), and PEF (r = 0.35 and P = 0.01). In multiple regression analysis including age, TBSA, duration of mechanical ventilation, and postburn days studied, SMI was significantly related to FVC, PCF, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF (P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.02, P = 0.001, P = 0.04, and P = 0.03). Pulmonary function tests are significantly related to SMI in patients with major burn injury and smoke inhalation. Intensive treatment on muscle wasting in patients with burn injury has been proven to be important for improving pulmonary functions.
A review of smart manufacturing reference models based on the skeleton meta-model
Authors: Han Soonhung 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Standards will allow interoperability among stakeholders in the upcoming super-connected world. A smart manufacturing reference model (SMRM) is under development inside JWG21 between ISO and IEC. Based on a dimensionality analysis and the skeleton meta-model, the eight proposed SMRMs are reviewed and compared. The SMRMs are classified according to the number of lifecycle axes and the number of dimensional axes. Also, how the concept of a digital twin can be accommodated in an SMRM is investigated.
CrossFit-related hip and groin injuries: a case series
Authors: Everhart Joshua S , Poland Sarah , Vajapey Sravya P , Kirven James C , France Thomas J , Vasileff W Kelton 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo provide descriptive data on injury presentation and treatment and to identify risk factors for requiring surgical treatment for athletes presenting with CrossFit-related hip and groin injuries. CrossFit-related injuries (n = 982) were identified within a single hospital system from 2010 to 2017, with 83 (8.5% of total) identified hip or groin injuries. Patient demographics, injury diagnosis, surgical procedure and rehabilitation were assessed. Independent predictors of requiring surgery were analyzed via multivariate logistic regression analysis. Patients with hip or groin injuries were more often female (hip injuries: 63%; all injuries: 50%; P &lt; 0.001) with mean age 34.3 years (standard deviation 10.9). Median symptom duration was 4 months with 70% reporting insidious onset. Most common diagnoses were femoral-acetabular impingement syndrome (34%), hamstring strain (11%), non-specific hip/groin pain (imaging non-diagnostic) (11%), hernia (7%) and iliotibial band syndrome (6%). Most (90%) required physical therapy (median 2 months). Surgery occurred in 24% (n = 12 hip arthroscopy, n = 5 inguinal hernia repair, n = 3 total hip arthroplasty), with 100% return to sport after arthroscopy or hernia repair. The only predictor of surgery was complaint of primarily anterior hip/groin pain (82% surgical patients, 46% non-surgical) (odds ratio 5.78, 95% confidence interval 1.44–23.1; P = 0.005); age, sex, body mass index, symptom duration and symptom onset (insidious versus acute) were non-significant (P &gt; 0.25). CrossFit athletes with hip and groin injuries often present with prolonged symptoms with insidious onset. Most patients require several months of physical therapy and approximately one quarter require surgery. Patients presenting with primarily anterior hip/groin pain are at increased risk for requiring surgery.Level of EvidenceIV, case series.
Access to Justice for Victims of Conflict-related Sexual Violence
Authors: Martin Claudia , SáCouto Susana 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Despite persistent impunity for conflict-related sexual violence, there have been a limited number of significant cases holding perpetrators accountable within national justice systems. One of these cases is the Sepur Zarco case, in which two former military members were accused of committing acts of sexual violence, sexual slavery and domestic slavery near a military outpost in Sepur Zarco during the civil war in Guatemala. In a landmark verdict issued in February 2016, a Guatemalan court convicted the two accused, marking the first time a Guatemalan court has convicted former military members for acts of sexual violence committed in the context of the country’s civil war, and the first instance of a domestic court prosecuting sexual slavery as an international crime. In acknowledging that these acts amounted to grave crimes, the Sepur Zarco verdict changed the narrative about sexual violence in Guatemala’s conflict. Up until then — as in other conflicts in the region and beyond — sexual violence had not been recognized as a separate crime, equivalent to other crimes committed during the conflict, for which perpetrators could be held accountable. This chapter will highlight some of the critical developments prior to the case, as well as the legal and political strategies employed in the case, which led to its remarkable success. It will also offer some reflections about the challenges that have emerged since the Sepur Zarco case and the potential lessons learned for pending and future litigation of similar cases in the region.
Effect of Density and Lethargy Duration in Prerelease Packaging of the Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Cancino Jorge , Leal-Mubarqui Rubén , Angulo Roberto , Pérez Cesar , Tirado Lucy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Different densities prerelease packing and times of lethargy in the fruit fly parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) were evaluated in order to standardize the process of chilled insect technique for this species. Adults were kept at densities of 0.048, 0.072, 0.096, 0.120, and 0.144 parasitoids/cm2 before release in a México tower, where thermal lethargy was induced at a temperature of 2 ± 2°C for 45 min. Samples of parasitoids were collected to evaluate mortality, survival, fecundity, and flight capacity. All densities showed a similar mortality, both for males (ca. &gt;10%) and females (ca. &lt;7). There was no effect of density on survival and flight capacity in both sexes. On the other hand, fecundity increased with density, 1.66 sons/♀/day, similar to the control. We conclude that a density of 30,000 pupae per cage (0.144 parasitoids/cm2) is adequate for the massive prerelease packaging of the parasitoid D. longicaudata. Regarding the thermal lethargy period, 180 min under 2 ± 2°C conditions, considered as time for management, does not affect the survival, fecundity, and flight capacity of adults. The results obtained are of great utility to establish prerelease packaging parameters for D. longicaudata used in the biological control of Tephritidae fruit fly populations.
Expression and Cellular Distribution of P-Glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients
Authors: van Vliet Erwin A , Iyer Anand M , Mesarosova Lucia , Çolakoglu Hilal , Anink Jasper J , van Tellingen Olaf , Maragakis Nicholas J , Shefner Jeremy , Bunt Ton , Aronica Eleonora 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), achieving and maintaining effective drug levels in the brain is challenging due to the activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters which efflux drugs that affect drug exposure and response in the brain. We investigated the expression and cellular distribution of the ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) using immunohistochemistry in spinal cord (SC), motor cortex, and cerebellum from a large cohort of genetically well characterized ALS patients (n = 25) and controls (n = 14). The ALS group included 17 sporadic (sALS) and 8 familial (fALS) patients. Strong P-gp expression was observed in endothelial cells in both control and ALS specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher P-gp expression in reactive astroglial cells in both gray (ventral horn) and white matter of the SC, as well as in the motor cortex of all ALS patients, as compared with controls. BCRP expression was higher in glia in the SC and in blood vessels and glia in the motor cortex of ALS patients, as compared with controls. P-gp and BCRP immunoreactivity did not differ between sALS and fALS cases. The upregulation of both ABC transporters in the brain may explain multidrug resistance in ALS patients and has implications for the use of both approved and experimental therapeutics.
Dispute Settlement Mechanism in a Mixed-Mixed Agreement: Some Loose Ends. The Economic Partnership Agreement EU–ECOWAS–WAEMU
Authors: Fernández Arribas Gloria 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The EU has developed an important practice regarding partnership agreements that has reached a new stage with mixed-mixed partnership agreements, in which the EU and its Member States are party to an agreement with another international organization and its Member States. Many issues may arise from these kinds of agreements, but this article focuses on the dispute settlement mechanism included in the Economic Partnership Agreement among the EU, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and their Member States. The agreement establishes different options for dispute settlement and determining and implementing these dispute settlement mechanisms may give rise to conflicts of law, the overlapping of courts’ competences, and conflicts of competences between the organizations and their Member States or among the Member States. The EU already has a practice in place for resolving these problems, but such a mechanism is lacking in the practices of the ECOWAS and WAEMU.
Stranded abroad: a travel medicine approach to psychiatric repatriation
Authors: Felkai Peter P , Marcolongo Tullia , Van Aswegen Marius 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The incurred mental alteration of a traveler abroad should be an alarming signal for patient, for family and for the local healthcare professionals alike. It is estimated that 11.3% of travelers experience some kind of psychiatric problem, with 2.5% suffering from severe psychosis and 1.2% requiring more than 2 months of therapy upon return from a trip abroad. Acute psychotic episode represents approximately one-fifth of travel-related psychiatric events. Yet, the travel-related mental problems have been a neglected topic till today. Now a good selection of literature is available to help further researches.

Methods
Besides describing the most relevant literature of travel-related mental disturbances, authors present two key issues of dealing with psychiatric problems of travelers abroad: to identify the origin of the mental alteration and the process of the patient with psychiatric problems.

Results
Identifying the origin and the nature of the mental symptoms of travelers is often difficult because of the language barrier, among extraordinary circumstances. A simple two-step three-branch algorithm could make the decision easier for the attending physician. Some of the brief psychotic disorder and organic origin of mental disturbance can be and often are treated in place.

Conclusions
Some mental problems probably originated from or triggered by the travel or a foreign environment itself. In these cases the full recovery will be expected if the triggering factor is eliminated. The solution is early repatriation. The repatriation for psychiatric reasons is highly different from repatriation for other medical emergencies. The authors describe a proposal of a step-by-step action of repatriation of a psychotic patient. By the help of this suggested protocol, the patient may successfully be taken home.
Green roof and ground-level invertebrate communities are similar and are driven by building height and landscape context
Authors: Dromgold Jacinda R , Threlfall Caragh G , Norton Briony A , Williams Nicholas S G 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGreen roofs are increasingly promoted for urban biodiversity conservation, but the value of these novel habitats is uncertain. We aimed to test two hypotheses: (i) green roofs can support comparable invertebrate family and order richness, composition and abundances to ground-level habitats and (ii) green roofs planted with native species from local habitats will support a richer invertebrate community at family and order level than other green roofs. We sampled the invertebrate community on green roofs dominated by native grassland or introduced succulent species in Melbourne, Australia, and compared these to the invertebrate community in ground-level sites close by, and sites with similar vegetation types. The only significant differences between the invertebrate communities sampled on green roofs and ground-level habitats were total abundance and fly family richness, which were higher in ground-level habitats. Second hypothesis was not supported as invertebrate communities on green roofs supporting a local vegetation community and those planted with introduced Sedum and other succulents were not detectably different at family level. The per cent cover of green space surrounding each site was consistently important in predicting the richness and abundance of the invertebrate families we focussed on, while roof height, site age and size were influential for some taxa. Our results suggest that invertebrate communities of green roofs in Melbourne are driven largely by their surrounding environment and consequently the effectiveness of green roofs as invertebrate habitat is highly dependent on location and their horizontal and vertical connection to other habitats.
Detection of Circulating Antibodies to p16 Protein-Derived Peptides in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Yangchun , Gu Litong , Wang Jiaxin , Wang Zhenqi , Zhang Ping , Zhang Xuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed at confirming the alteration of circulating anti-p16 immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
An in-house-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for determining plasma IgG antibodies against p16-derived antigens in 122 HCC patients and 134 healthy controls.

Results
Plasma anti-p16 IgG levels were significantly higher in HCC patients than in the controls (Z = 3.51, P = 0.0004), with no difference between males and females. A trend of increasing plasma anti-p16 IgG levels was associated with increasing HCC stage, with group 3 patients having the highest anti-p16 IgG levels (Z = 3.38, P = 0.0008). Group 3 exhibited the best sensitivity (19.6%) and specificity (95%) for plasma anti-p16 IgG detection, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.659 (95% confidence interval, 0.564–0.754).

Conclusion
Circulating IgG antibody to p16 protein might be a useful biomarker for HCC prognosis assessment rather than for early malignancy diagnosis.
The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) – XIII. G800L optical spectra from the parallel fields
Authors: Abramson L E , Brammer G B , Schmidt K B , Treu T , Morishita T , Wang X , Vulcani B , Henry A 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a catalogue of 22 755 objects with slitless, optical, Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spectroscopy from the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS). The data cover ∼220 sq. arcmin to 7-orbit (∼10 ks) depth in 20 parallel pointings of the Advanced Camera for Survey’s G800L grism. The fields are located 6 arcmin away from 10 massive galaxy clusters in the HFF and CLASH footprints. 13 of the fields have ancillary HST imaging from these or other programs to facilitate a large number of applications, from studying metal distributions at z ∼ 0.5, to quasars at z ∼ 4, to the star formation histories of hundreds of galaxies in between. The spectroscopic catalogue has a median redshift of 〈z〉 = 0.60 with a median uncertainty of $\Delta z / (1+z)\lesssim 2{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at $F814\mathit{ W}\lesssim 23$ AB. Robust continuum detections reach a magnitude fainter. The 5 σ limiting line flux is $f_{\rm lim}\approx 5\times 10^{-17}\rm ~erg~s^{-1}~cm^{-2}$ and half of all sources have 50 per cent of pixels contaminated at ≲1 per cent. All sources have 1D and 2D spectra, line fluxes/uncertainties and identifications, redshift probability distributions, spectral models, and derived narrow-band emission-line maps from the Grism Redshift and Line Analysis tool (grizli). We provide other basic sample characterizations, show data examples, and describe sources and potential investigations of interest. All data and products will be available online along with software to facilitate their use.
Realistic modelling of wind and supernovae shocks in star clusters: addressing 22Ne/20Ne and other problems in Galactic cosmic rays
Authors: Gupta Siddhartha , Nath Biman B , Sharma Prateek , Eichler David 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Cosmic ray (CR) sources leave signatures in the isotopic abundances of CRs. Current models of Galactic CRs that consider supernovae (SNe) shocks as the main sites of particle acceleration cannot satisfactorily explain the higher 22Ne/20Ne ratio in CRs compared to the interstellar medium. Although stellar winds from massive stars have been invoked, their contribution relative to SNe ejecta has been taken as a free parameter. Here, we present a theoretical calculation of the relative contributions of wind termination shocks (WTSs) and SNe shocks in superbubbles, based on the hydrodynamics of winds in clusters, the standard stellar mass function, and stellar evolution theory. We find that the contribution of WTSs towards the total CR production is at least $25{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, which rises to $\gtrsim 50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for young (≲10 Myr) clusters, and explains the observed 22Ne/20Ne ratio. We argue that since the progenitors of apparently isolated supernovae remnants (SNRs) are born in massive star clusters, both WTS and SNe shocks can be integrated into a combined scenario of CRs being accelerated in massive clusters. This scenario is consistent with the observed ratio of SNRs to γ-ray bright (Lγ ≳ 1035 erg s−1) star clusters, as predicted by star cluster mass function. Moreover, WTSs can accelerate CRs to PeV energies, and solve other long-standing problems of the standard SN paradigm of CR acceleration.
Constraining Type Iax supernova progenitor systems with stellar population age dating
Authors: Takaro Tyler , Foley Ryan J , McCully Curtis , Fong Wen-fai , Jha Saurabh W , Narayan Gautham , Rest Armin , Stritzinger Maximilian , McKinnon Kevin 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Type Iax supernovae (SNe Iax) are the most common class of peculiar SNe. While they are thought to be thermonuclear white-dwarf (WD) SNe, SNe Iax are observationally similar to, but distinct from SNe Ia. Unlike SNe Ia, where roughly 30 per cent occur in early-type galaxies, only one SN Iax has been discovered in an early-type galaxy, suggesting a relatively short delay time and a distinct progenitor system. Furthermore, one SN Iax progenitor system has been detected in pre-explosion images with its properties consistent with either of two models: a short-lived (&lt;100 Myr) progenitor system consisting of a WD primary and a He-star companion, or a singular Wolf–Rayet progenitor star. Using deep Hubble Space Telescope images of nine nearby SN Iax host galaxies, we measure the properties of stars within 200 pc of the SN position. The ages of local stars, some of which formed with the SN progenitor system, can constrain the time between star formation and SN, known as the delay time. We compare the local stellar properties to synthetic photometry of single-stellar populations, fitting to a range of possible delay times for each SN. With this sample, we uniquely constrain the delay-time distribution for SNe Iax, with a median and 1σ confidence interval delay time of $63_{- 15}^{+ 58} \times 10^{6}$ yr. The measured delay-time distribution provides an excellent constraint on the progenitor system for the class, indicating a preference for a WD progenitor system over a Wolf–Rayet progenitor star.
Prospects of joint detections of neutron star mergers and short GRBs with Gaussian structured jets
Authors: Saleem M 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
GW170817 was the first ever joint detection of gravitational waves (GW) from a binary neutron star (BNS) merger with the detections of short γ-ray burst (SGRB) counterparts. Analysis of the multiband afterglow observations of over more than a year revealed that the outflow from the merger end product was consistent with structured relativistic jet models with the core of the jet narrowly collimated to half-opening angles ∼5○. In this work, assuming that all the BNS mergers produce Gaussian structured jets with properties as inferred for GW170817, we explore the prospects of joint detections of BNS mergers and prompt γ-ray emission, expected during the current and upcoming upgrades of LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detectors. We discuss three specific observational aspects: 1) the distribution of detected binary inclination angles, 2) the distance reach, and 3) the detection rates. Unlike GW-only detections, the joint detections are greatly restricted at large inclination angles, due to the structure of the jets. We find that at lower inclination angles (say below 20○), the distance reach as well as the detection rates of the joint detections are limited by GW detectability while at larger inclinations (say above 20○), they are limited by the γ-ray detectability.
Type II superstring field theory with cyclic $L_\infty$ structure
Authors: Kunimoto H , Sugimoto T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We construct a complete type II superstring field theory that includes all the NS–NS, R–NS, NS–R, and R–R sectors. As in the open and heterotic superstring cases, the R–NS, NS–R, and R–R string fields are constrained by using the picture-changing operators. In particular, we use a non-local inverse picture-changing operator for the constraint on the R–R string field, which seems to be inevitable due to the compatibility of the extra constraint with the closed string constraints. The natural symplectic form in the restricted Hilbert space gives a non-local kinetic action for the R–R sector, but it correctly provides the propagator expected from the first-quantized formulation. Extending the prescription previously obtained for the heterotic string field theory, we give a construction of general type II superstring products, which realizes a cyclic $L_\infty$ structure, and thus provides a gauge-invariant action based on the homotopy algebraic formulation. Three typical four-string amplitudes derived from the constructed string field theory are demonstrated to agree with those in the first-quantized formulation. We also give the half-Wess–Zumino–Witten action defined in the medium Hilbert space whose left-moving sector is still restricted to the small Hilbert space.