bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monthly Population Fluctuations and Abundance Index (SISA) of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), as Potential Bridge Vectors of Pathogens to Humans and Animals in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran
Authors: Nikookar Seyed Hassan , Dinan Mahmoud Fazeli , Enayati Ahmadali 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Seasonal activity patterns of mosquitoes are essential as baseline knowledge to understand the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the monthly dynamics of the mosquito populations and their relation to meteorological factors in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran.Methods: Mosquito adults and larvae were collected from 16 counties of Mazandaran Province using different sampling techniques, once a month from May to December 2014. “Index of Species Abundance” (ISA) along with “Standardized ISA” (SISA) was used for assessing the most abundant species of mosquitoes based on the explanations of Robert and Hsi. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) was used to assess the relationships between the monthly population fluctuations and meteorological variables. Results: Overall, 23750 mosquitoes belonging to four genera and nineteen species were collected and identified. The highest population density of mosquitoes was in July and the lowest in May. The ISA/SISA indices showed the values of ISA/SISA: 1(larvae) and 1.25/0.973 (adult) in total catch human and shelter pit (ISA/SISA:1.68/0.938) for Culex pipiens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, respectively, species that had the highest activity peak in July. A significant positive correlation was observed between Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and mean temperature (R: 0.766, P < 0.027).Conclusions: The results indicated that the mosquitoes are more active in July, Cx. pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were the most abundant species, due to the potential of these species as vectors of numerous pathogens, control programmes can be planed based on their monthly activity pattern in the area.
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 During Air Travel: A Descriptive and Modelling Study
Authors: Zhang Jinjun , Qin Fei , Li Jianren , Tian Sijia , Lou Jing , Kang Xuqin , Lian Huixin , Niu Shengmei , Zhang Wenzhong , Chen Yuguo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Millions of cases of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported in the world. Although it is known that the air travel has the potential to spread SARS-CoV-2, the risk of in-flight transmission is unknown.Methods We enrolled all passengers and crew suspected of being infected with SARS-CoV-2, who bounded for Beijing on international flights. We specified the characteristics of all confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection and utilized Wells-Riley equation to estimate the infectivity of COVID-19 during air travel.Results We screened 4492 passengers and crew with suspected COVID-19 infection, verified 161 confirmed cases (mean age 28.6 years), and traced two confirmed cases who may have been infected in the aircraft. The estimated infectivity was 375 quanta/h (range 274-476), while the effective infectivity was only 4 quanta/h (range 2-5). The risk of per-person infection during a 13 hours air travel in economy class was 0.56‰ (95% CI 0.41‰-0.72‰). Conclusion We found that the universal use of face masks on the flight, together with the plane's ventilation system, significantly decreased the infectivity of COVID-19.
Crack Fault Diagnosis and Location Method for a Dual-disks Hollow Shaft Rotor System Based on the Radial Basis Function Network and Pattern Recognition Neural Network
Authors: Jin Yuhong , Hou Lei , Lu Zhenyong , Chen Yushu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the crack fault is one of the most common faults in the rotor system, and its fault diagnosis has been paid close attention by researchers. However, the traditional fault diagnosis methods based on various signal processing algorithms can only be adopted to determine whether there is a crack fault in the rotor system, but the dynamic response of the rotor system can hardly be used to calculate the depth and position of the crack. In this paper, a new crack fault diagnosis and location method for a dual-disks hollow shaft rotor system based on the Radial basis function (RBF) network and Pattern recognition neural network (PRNN) is presented. Firstly, a rotor system model with a breathing crack suitable for a short-thick hollow shaft rotor is established based on the finite element method and Timoshenko beam theory. Then the dynamic response is calculated by the harmonic balance method and the analysis results show that the first critical whirl speed, the first subcritical speed, the first critical speed amplitude, and the super-harmonic resonance peak at 1/2 first critical whirl speed of the rotor system are closely related to the depth and position of the crack, which can be used for crack fault diagnosis. Finally, the RBF network and PRNN are adopted to determine the depth and approximate location of the crack by taking the above dynamic response characteristics as input, respectively. The test results show that this method has high fault diagnosis accuracy.
Pyothorax-associated Lymphoma: a Case Report and Review
Authors: Dong Fangyuan , Wu Yongzhi , Wang Sufen , Sun Guomin , Zhang Qinqin , Chen Bing , Liu Yinhua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Pyothorax-associated lymphoma is a rare disease with variations in endemic prevalence. PAL arising from a posttraumatic empyema are a rare occurrence.Case presentation: a male patient, 83 years old. Twenty years earlier, the patient fell from a height, sustaining a fracture to the right rib, which improved after conservative treatment. In September 2018, the patient had right chest pain (ribs 9–10). In February 2019, the chest pain became worse during sleep. CT examination showed inflammation of the right lower lobe, chronic empyema on the right with subdiaphragmatic infection, fibrosis of the right lung, atherosclerosis, thickening of the left pleura with rib destruction, and membranous calcification around the lesion. After 5 days of treatment with cefoperazone, sulbactam sodium, and ornidazole, the patient’s chest pain did not improve. The results of 18F-FDG PET/CT showed the following: a solid mass in the lower right thoracic cavity. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were negative for CD20 and CD3, positive for background mature T lymphocytes, positive for Pax-5, positive for MUM-1, Ki-67 (70%, +); AE1/AE3, CD138, Bcl-6, CD10, CD5, CD56, MPO (-); CD79α (part +), EMA (part +), CD38 (+), bcl-2 (+). In situ hybridization (CISH): EBER+. Mini-CHOP chemotherapy was implemented on April 11, 2019. The patient stopped taking analgesics on the day of chemotherapy. The pain disappeared one week later, and the EBV-DNA fell to the normal range. In the later stage, the family members of the patient declined further patient treatment and reexamination. The patient’s condition worsened in July 2019 and he died on September 25, 2019.Conclusion: Pathological morphology is vital important to make a final diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis or miss diagnosis. This case is described by a combination of imaging and pathological examinations that reports the clinical pathological diagnosis and treatment process of a single case of pyothorax-associated lymphoma, and it provides some diagnostic information regarding the rare disease of PAL.
An Integrated Primary Care Workforce Planning Toolkit at the Regional Level (Part 1): Qualitative Tools Compiled for Decision-Makers in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Chamberland-Rowe Caroline , Simkin Sarah , Bourgeault Ivy Lynn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: A regional health authority in Toronto, Canada identified health workforce planning as an essential input to the implementation of their comprehensive Primary Care Strategy. The goal of this project was to develop an evidence-informed toolkit for integrated, multi-professional, needs-based primary care workforce planning for the region. This article presents the qualitative workforce planning processes included in the toolkit.Methods: To inform the workforce planning process, we undertook a targeted review of the health workforce planning literature and an assessment of existing planning models. We assessed models based on their alignment with the core needs and key challenges of the health authority: multi-professional, population needs-based, accommodating short-term planning horizons and multiple planning scales, and addressing key challenges including population mobility and changing provider practice patterns. We also assessed the strength of evidence surrounding the models’ performance and acceptability. Results: We developed a fit-for-purpose health workforce planning toolkit, integrating elements from existing models and embedding key features that address the region’s specific planning needs and objectives. The toolkit outlines qualitative workforce planning processes, including scenario generation tools that provide opportunities for patient and provider engagement. Tools include PESTLE Analysis, SWOT Analysis, an adaptation of Porter’s Five Forces Framework, and Causal Loop Diagrams. These planning processes enable the selection of policy interventions that are robust to uncertainty and that are appropriate and acceptable at the regional level.Conclusions: The qualitative components informing health workforce planning process are an often overlooked but essential part of an evidence-informed toolkit to support integrated, multi-professional, needs-based primary care workforce planning.
Social Value of Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Implementation in Australia: Case Study
Authors: Pramono Andini , Smith Julie , Desborough Jane , Bourke Siobhan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBreastfeeding has positive impacts on the health, environment, and economic wealth of families and countries. Nevertheless, barriers to accessing high-quality breastfeeding support are evident in the low global exclusive breastfeeding rate of 41%. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) in 1991 as a global program to incentivize maternity services to implement the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (Ten Steps). These were developed to ensure that maternity services remove barriers for mothers and families to successfully initiate breastfeeding and to continue breastfeeding through referral to community support after hospital discharge. However, in 2020 only 26% of Australian hospitals were BFHI-accredited. This study aimed to examine the social return on investment (SROI) of implementing the BFHI in one public maternity unit in Australia.MethodThe study was non-experimental and conducted in the maternity unit of an Australian BFHI-accredited public hospital with around 1000 births annually. This facility illustrated costs for BFHI implementation in a relatively affluent urban population, and more than three in four births in Australia take place in public hospitals. Stakeholders considered within scope of the study were the mother-baby dyad and the maternity facility. We interviewed the hospital’s Director of Maternity Services and the Clinical Midwifery Educator, guided by a structured questionnaire, which examined the cost (financial, time and other resources) and benefits of each of the Ten Steps. Analysis was informed by the Social Return on Investment (SROI) framework, which uses monetary values to measure social, environmental and economic outcomes of change. This information was supplemented with micro costing studies from the literature that measure the benefits of the BFHI. ResultsThe social return from the BFHI initiative in this facility was calculated to be AU$ 1,398,140. The total investment required was AU$ 24,433 per year. Therefore, the SROI ratio was approximately AU$ 55:1 (sensitivity analysis: AU$ 16-112), which meant that every AU$1 invested in BFHI implementation by this maternal and newborn care facility generated approximately AU$55 of benefit. ConclusionsScaled up nationally, the BFHI could provide important benefits to the Australian health system and national economy. In this public hospital, the BFHI produced social value greater than the cost of investment, providing new evidence of its effectiveness and economic gains as a public health intervention. Our findings using a novel tool to calculate the social rate of return, indicate that implementation of the BHFI is an investment in the health and wellbeing of families, communities and the Australian economy, as well as in health equity.
Analysis of Percutaneous Kyphoplasty under Different Types of Anesthesia for the Treatment of Multiple Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Xu Shuang , Yang Jin , Wang Song , Wang Qing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Surgeons believe that the advantage of PKP under local anesthesia for the treatment of OVF in preventing interference with the general situation of elderly patients with multiple organ dysfunction. Surgeons can directly assess whether a spinal cord nerve injury occurs while the patient is awake. However, when patients with m-OVFs receive local anesthesia, fluoroscopy time often has to be increased,the operative time has to be extended, or the operation has to be terminated because of body posture-related discomfort, the toxic reaction of bone cement, and abrupt fluctuation of vital signs. No relevant study has thus far been conducted on the choice of the type of anesthesia to administer to patients undergoing PKP for m-OVFs.This study aimed to determine which of the two types of anesthesia is more suitable for PKP for m-OVFs. Methods A retrospective study was conducted for 159 patients who underwent PKP for m-OVFs from January 2016 to January 2020; 81 patients underwent PKP under general anesthesia(Group G), and 78 patients underwent PKP under local anesthesia(Group L). Clinical and adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results No difference in baseline information was found between the two groups. The intraoperative mean arterial pressure, average heart rate, average fluoroscopy times of each vertebral body, and operative time were less in Group G than in Group L. The VAS score was significantly lower than that before operation. The AVH, MVH, and the KA were significantly improved in both groups postoperation. The improvement in VAS score, AVH, MVH, and KA in Group G were higher than those in Group L. No significant difference in the incidence of complications was observed between the two groups. Conclusion PKP under either general anesthesia or local anesthesia was reliable. Compared with PKP under local anesthesia, that under general anesthesia could more reliably maintain the stability of vital signs, alleviate preoperative pain in patients, and attain a better orthopedic effect. Moreover, the latter does not increase the complications of patients with m-OVFs. However, the high medical expense of PKP under general anesthesia is a factor to consider when choosing the type of anesthesia.
Characteristics and Chemical Reactivity of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Dominant Forest Species in the Jing-Jin-Ji Area, China
Authors: Lin Ying , Lun Xiaoxiu , Tang Wei , Zhang Zhongzhi , Jing Xiaoxi , Fan Chong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play an essential role in tropospheric atmospheric chemical reactions. There are few studies on BVOCs emission of dominant tree species in the Jing-Jin-Ji area. Based on the field survey, forest resources data and the measured standard emission factors, this paper used Guenther model in 1993 (G93) to estimate the emissions of BVOCs from dominant forest species (Platycladus orientalis , Quercus variabilis, Betula platyphylla, Populus tomentosa, Pinus tabuliformis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, Salix babylonica, Larix gmelinii) in the Jing-Jin-Ji area in 2017, analyzed their spatiotemporal emission characteristics and evaluated their amospheric chemical reactivity. Results: Results showed that the total annual BVOCs emissions were estimated to be 70.8 Gg C·a-1, consisting of 40.5% (28.7 Gg C·a-1) isoprene, 36.0% (25.5 Gg C·a-1) monoterpenes, and 23.4% (16.6 Gg C·a-1) other VOCs. The emissions of Platycladus orientalis, Quercus variabilis, Populus tomentosa and Pinus tabulaeformis contributed 56.1%, 41.2%, 36.0% and 31.1%, respectively. In summer and winter, BVOCs emissions from the Jing-Jin-Ji area accounted for 61.9% and 1.8% of the annual total. Emissions from Chengde contributed to 28.8%, followed by Beijing, accounting for 24.9%, which was mainly distributed in the Taihang Mountains and the Yanshan Mountains. Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus tomentosa, Quercus variabilis, and Pinus tabulaeformis contributed higher BVOCs reaction activity. Conclusions: Emissions peaked in summer (June, July, and August) and bottomed out in winter (December, January, and February). Chengde contributed the most, followed by Beijing. Platycladus orientalis, Quercus variabilis, Populus tomentosa, Pinus tabulaeformis and Robinia pseudoacacia are the primary BVOCs emission and atmospheric reactivity contributors, the planting rates of these species with significant emissions or atmospheric reactivity of BVOCs should be considered for reduction.
Strain Engraftment Competition and Functional Augmentation in a Multi-donor Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Trial for Obesity
Authors: Wilson Brooke , Vatanen Tommi , Jayasinghe Thilini , Leong Karen , Derraik José , Albert Benjamin , Chiavaroli Valentina , Svirskis Darren , Beck Kathryn , Conlon Cathryn , Jiang Yannan , Schierding William , Holland David , Cutfield Wayne , O'Sullivan Justin Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Donor selection is an important factor influencing the engraftment and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for complex conditions associated with microbial dysbiosis. However, the degree, variation, and stability of strain engraftment has not yet been assessed in the context of multiple donors. Methods We conducted a double-blinded randomised control trial of FMT in 42 adolescents with obesity. Participants were randomised to receive multi-donor FMT (capsules containing the fecal microbiota of four sex-matched lean donors) or placebo (saline capsules). Following a bowel cleanse, participants ingested a total of 28 capsules over two consecutive days. Capsules from individual donors and participant stool samples collected at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 26-weeks post-treatment were analysed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing allowing us to track bacterial strain engraftment and its functional implications on recipients’ gut microbiomes. Results Multi-donor FMT sustainably altered the structure and the function of the gut microbiome. In what was effectively a microbiome competition experiment, we discovered that two donor microbiomes (one female, one male) dominated strain engraftment and were characterised by high microbial diversity and a high Prevotella to Bacteroides (P/B) ratio. Engrafted strains led to enterotype-level shifts in community composition and provided genes that altered the metabolic potential of the community. Despite our attempts to standardise FMT dose and origin, FMT recipients varied widely in their engraftment of donor strains. Conclusion Our study provides evidence for the existence of FMT super-donors whose microbiomes are highly effective at engrafting in the recipient gut. Dominant engrafting male and female donor microbiomes harboured diverse microbial species and genes, and were characterised by a high P/B ratio. Yet, the high variability of strain engraftment among FMT recipients suggests the host environment also plays a critical role in mediating FMT receptivity. Trial registration The Gut Bugs Trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615001351505)
Piezoelectric Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics at Low and High Temperatures
Authors: Okayasu Mitsuhiro , Okawa Masakazu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The material properties and damage characteristics of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics were investigated at various temperatures (–190 °C to 180 °C). A positive voltage was obtained when the sample was cooled from 20 °C to –190 °C, while a negative voltage was obtained when the sample was warmed from –190 °C to 180 °C. The difference between the positive and negative values depended on the thermal stress. Compressive stress generated a more positive voltage in the cooling process, while tensile stress led to a more negative voltage in the warming process). The voltage values also depended on the cooling (or warming) rate of the sample, e.g., the greater the cooling (or warming) rate, the greater the voltage. When cyclic loading was conducted mechanically at –190 °C, the voltage reduced, but it was recovered after warming to 20 °C. Damage of the PZT ceramic (90° domain switching) was detected when the sample was cooled to –190 °C. This was due to the high thermal stress, resulting in a low voltage.
EntraPT: An online platform for elastic geothermobarometry
Authors: Mazzucchelli Mattia Luca , Angel Ross John , Alvaro Matteo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
EntraPT is a web-based application for elastic geobarometry freely accessible at the “Fiorenzo Mazzi” experimental mineralogy lab website (http://www.mineralogylab.com/software/). It provides an easy-to-use tool to calculate the entrapment conditions of inclusions, with error propagation, from the residual strain measured in mineral inclusions. EntraPT establishes a method and a workflow to import and analyze the measured residual strains, correctly calculates the mean stress in the inclusions, computes the entrapment isomekes with uncertainty estimation, and visualizes all the results in relevant graphs. It enables the user to avoid the many possible errors that can arise from manual handling of the data and from the numerous steps required in geobarometry calculations. All of the data, parameters, and settings are stored in a consistent format and can be exported as project files and spreadsheets, and imported back to EntraPT for further analysis. This allows researchers to store and/or share their data easily, making the checking and the comparison of data and results reliable. EntraPT is an online tool that does not require any download and/or installation, and it will be updated in the future with new functionalities made available from advances in the development of elastic geobarometry.
Sediment yield error correction by dynamic system response curve method in real-time flood forecasting
Authors: Hou Lu , Bao Weimin , Si Wei , Jiang Peng , Shi Peng , Qu Simin , Ye Fanghong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Real-time flood forecasting requires accurate and reliable estimates of the uncertainty to make efficient flood event management strategies. However, the accuracy of flood forecasts can be severely affected by errors in the estimates of sediment yield in the loess region. To improve the accuracy of sediment-laden flood forecasts generated using streamflow-sediment coupled (SSC) model, an error feedback correction method based on the dynamic system response curve (DSRC) is proposed. The physical basis of the system response curve is the sediment concentration of the hydrological model. The theoretical basis of the method is the differential of the system response function of the sediment yield time series. The effectiveness of DSRC method is evaluated via an ideal case and three real-data cases with different basin scales of the Yellow River. Results suggest that the DSRC method can effectively improve the accuracy and stability of sediment transport forecasts by providing accurate estimates of the sediment yield errors. The degree of forecast improvement is scale dependent and is more significant for larger basins with lower rain gauge densities. Besides, the DSRC method is relatively simple to apply without the need to modify either the model structure or parameters in real-time flood forecasting.