bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity levels in men with Haemophilia—A single centre UK survey
Authors: Taylor Stephanie , Room Jonathan , Barker Karen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionHistorically persons with haemophilia (PWH) were not encouraged to participate in exercise due to the risk of bleeding and the lack of factor products available. This has now changed, and the availability of safe products allows PWH to be active and participate in sports. Studies have found that exercise has a positive effect on pain, joint health and movement with PWH.AimTo record the amount and types of physical activity undertaken by a haemophilia population at a single treatment centre.MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional study to assess physical activity and quality of life of all registered patients over the age of 18 at the Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre. Participants were posted questionnaires including the International Physical activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Haemophilia Activity List (HAL), EQ‐5D‐5L and asked to list their physical activities.ResultsA total of 256 questionnaires were sent, with a 40% response rate for severe and 28% for mild patients. 85% met the UK physical activity guidelines. Sedentary behaviour for an average weekday was 6.4 hours, and weekends were 5.3 hours. Joint disease and severity type influenced the amount of activity undertaken, together with values for HAL and EQ‐5D‐5L. Twenty two types of activities were listed.ConclusionIt is encouraging to see the amount of physical activity PWH participate in, however, time spent in a sedentary state needs monitoring. PWH want to be active and the challenge for caregivers is to find activities they can do and strategies to maintain participation.
Utilizing patient advocates in Parkinson’s disease: A proposed framework for patient engagement and the modern metrics that can determine its success
Authors: Feeney Megan , Evers Christiana , Agpalo Danielle , Cone Lisa , Fleisher Jori , Schroeder Karlin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe wide application of patient engagement and its associated benefits has increased across government, academic and pharmaceutical research. However, neither an identified standard practice for the process of engagement, nor utilization of common metrics to assess associated outcomes, exists. Parkinson's Foundation developed a patient engagement framework and metrics to assess engagement within the academic research and drug development sectors. This approach was developed over the course of several years through assessing the literature, acquiring feedback from researchers and people with Parkinson's disease and adapting practices to be relevant and generalizable across patient engagement projects. This framework includes the: 1) creation of a scope of work, 2) establishment of guiding principles, 3) selection and training of participants, 4) co‐determination of project metrics, 5) execution of the project and 6) dissemination of project findings. Parkinson's Foundation has also worked with academic, government and pharmaceutical stakeholders to identify metrics that assess both the quality of patient engagement and outcomes associated with patient engagement on projects. By improving patient engagement project methodologies and metrics, global clinical trials can have access to evidence‐based patient engagement practices to more efficiently capture the needs of, and potentially benefit, the patient community.
Passive filler loaded polysilazane‐derived glass/ceramic coating system applied to AISI 441 stainless steel, part 2: Oxidation behavior in synthetic air
Authors: Parchovianský Milan , Petríková Ivana , Švančárek Peter , Lenz Leite Mateus , Motz Günter , Galusek Dušan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article features the oxidation behavior of ferritic stainless steel grade AISI 441 coated with protective polymer‐derived ceramics (PDC). Two PDC compositions are studied with respect to their oxidation resistance in a flow‐through atmosphere of synthetic air at temperatures of up to 1000°C. The coatings contain a combination of six passive fillers: Y‐containing ZrO2, glass microspheres, alumina‐yttria‐zirconia (AYZ) powder, and three commercial glasses. They are pyrolyzed in air for 1 hour at 800°C with heating and cooling rates of 3 K/min. Detailed microstructural examination of the oxide products formed at the surface of samples after exposure to air at 900°C, 950°C, and 1000°C for 1‐48 hours is analyzed. Both uncoated steel and steel coated with two of the protective systems described in part 1 of this article are investigated. Fe, Cr2O3, TiO2, and a spinel of the composition (Mn,Cr)3O4 are identified at the oxidized surface of the steel substrate using X‐ray diffraction. A significant weight gain of the unprotected steel is measured after all experiments, while oxidation tests of the coated steel show a negligible weight gain after 900°C and 950°C. During the early stages of coating oxidation, the monoclinic‐to‐tetragonal ratio in the zirconia filler is shifted toward the monoclinic modification. Longer exposures and higher temperatures lead to the formation of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) due to glass microsphere crystallization and solid state reactions in the AYZ powder. The crystallization of the three commercial glasses functioning as sealants leads to the formation of Ba(AlSiO4)2 also known as hexacelsian, which subsequently transforms to celsian. YZr8O14 is also formed. The protective effect of the PDC coatings applied to the stainless steel is demonstrated up to 950°C.
The Compassion Competence Scale Arabic version: A validation study among student nurses and interns in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alabdulaziz Hawa , Alquwez Nahed , Cruz Jonas Preposi , Tumala Regie , Albougami Abdulrhman , Albloushi Monirah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to assess the validity and reliability of the Compassion Competence Scale Arabic version for Saudi nursing students and interns.BackgroundCompassion is an essential element of quality health care in which training nursing students to deliver compassionate care is important. Assessment of compassion competence of Arabic‐speaking nursing students requires a valid and reliable tool.DesignThis is a descriptive and cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis investigation was conducted from April to May 2019 in two universities in Saudi Arabia involving nursing students and interns. Cultural adaptation was performed using a forward–backward translation method. Content validity and construct validity through exploratory factor analysis were established. Internal consistency, stability and reliability were also determined for the scale.ResultsThe Arabic version has an excellent content validity. The exploratory factor analysis supported a three‐factor solution that accounts for 50.62% of the scale's variance. The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.806, whereas the Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.739 to 0.797. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the two‐week test–retest scores was 0.84. The university, gender, year level and family type predicted the students' compassion competence.ConclusionThe Arabic version can be used to measure Arabic‐speaking nursing students' compassion competence in clinical areas.
Identification of a new oxidation/ dissolution mechanism for boria‐accelerated SiC oxidation
Authors: McFarland Bohuslava , Angelici Avincola Valentina , Morales Madeline , Opila Elizabeth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBoria effects on accelerated SiC oxidation kinetics were investigated by conducting thermogravimetric analysis on SiC substrates coated with sol‐gel derived borosilicate glass isothermally exposed to dry O2 and argon at 800°C and 1200°C for 100 hours. Boria concentrations in the glass coatings were 0, 14‐38, and 92‐94 mol%, balance silica. Accelerated weight gain was observed for SiC exposures in dry O2 at 800°C when boria concentrations were ≥ 92 mol%, corroborated by oxide thickness ranging from 3.5 to 10 µm. The oxide thickness predicted for pure SiC exposed to these conditions in the absence of boria is 0.15 µm. Microstructural analysis of SiC surfaces after oxide removal revealed that boria etched the underlying SiC substrate. Oxidation exposures at 1200°C in dry O2 suppressed boria effects on accelerating SiC oxidation kinetics due to rapid boria volatilization coupled with the formation of a protective thermally grown silica scale. Accelerated weight gain or oxide growth did not occur with argon exposures at either temperature. A new mechanism for boria‐accelerated SiC surface‐reaction kinetics is presented based on evidence for boria etching of SiC.
High‐fat diet affects skeletal muscle mitochondria comparable to pressure overload‐induced heart failure
Authors: Heyne Estelle , Schrepper Andrea , Doenst Torsten , Schenkl Christina , Kreuzer Katrin , Schwarzer Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn heart failure, high‐fat diet (HFD) may exert beneficial effects on cardiac mitochondria and contractility. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure is associated with myopathy. However, it is not clear if HFD affects skeletal muscle mitochondria in heart failure as well. To induce heart failure, we used pressure overload (PO) in rats fed normal chow or HFD. Interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) and subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) from gastrocnemius were isolated and functionally characterized. With PO heart failure, maximal respiratory capacity was impaired in IFM but increased in SSM of gastrocnemius. Unexpectedly, HFD affected mitochondria comparably to PO. In combination, PO and HFD showed additive effects on mitochondrial subpopulations which were reflected by isolated complex activities. While PO impaired diastolic as well as systolic cardiac function and increased glucose tolerance, HFD did not affect cardiac function but decreased glucose tolerance. We conclude that HFD and PO heart failure have comparable effects leading to more severe impairment of IFM. Glucose tolerance seems not causally related to skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. The additive effects of HFD and PO may suggest accelerated skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction when heart failure is accompanied with a diet containing high fat.
Secukinumab maintains superiority over ustekinumab in clearing skin and improving quality of life in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: 52‐week results from a double‐blind phase 3b trial (CLARITY)
Authors: Bagel J. , Blauvelt A. , Nia J. , Hashim P. , Patekar M. , de Vera A. , Ahmad K. , Paguet B. , Xia S. , Muscianisi E. , Lebwohl M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSecukinumab demonstrated superior efficacy over ustekinumab in the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis over 16 weeks in the CLARITY study and over 52 weeks in the CLEAR study.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of secukinumab vs. ustekinumab over 52 weeks in CLARITY.MethodsAnalysis of 52‐week data from CLARITY (NCT02826603), a phase 3b study in which patients were randomized to receive secukinumab 300 mg (n = 550) or ustekinumab 45/90 mg (n = 552) per label.ResultsAt week 52, secukinumab was superior to ustekinumab in the proportion of patients who achieved ≥ 90% improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (73.2% vs. 59.8%; odds ratio [OR], 1.84 [95% CI, 1.41–2.41]; P < 0.0001), Investigator’s Global Assessment modified 2011 responses of clear (0) or almost clear (1) skin (76.0% vs. 60.2%; OR, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.61–2.79]; P < 0.0001) and Dermatology Life Quality Index response of no effect (0/1) (69.9% vs. 61.2%; P = 0.0028). Proportions of patients with any adverse events were comparable between treatment arms.ConclusionsThis second head‐to‐head study confirmed the superior efficacy of secukinumab over ustekinumab in skin clearance and quality of life through 52 weeks, with safety comparable to that reported in previous trials. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02826603.
Non‐invasive clinical and microscopic evaluation of the response to treatment with clobetasol cream vs. calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate foam in mild to moderate plaque psoriasis: an investigator‐initiated, phase IV, unicentric, open, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Yélamos O. , Alejo B. , Ertekin S. S. , Villa‐Crespo L. , Zamora‐Barquero S. , Martinez N. , Domínguez M. , Iglesias P. , Herrero A. , Malvehy J. , Puig S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment response for psoriasis is typically evaluated using clinical scores. However, patients can relapse after clinical clearance, suggesting persistent inflammation. Dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) can non‐invasively improve treatment response assessment.ObjectivesTo compare the clinical and non‐invasive microscopic features in a psoriatic target lesion treated with clobetasol cream or calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate foam (Cal/BD foam).MethodsProspective, unicentric, open, randomized clinical trial comparing clinical data [total clinical score (TCS)] and microscopic data (dermoscopy, RCM and OCT) in psoriasis patients treated with clobetasol or Cal/BD foam.ResultsWe included 36 adult patients (22 men). At week 4, more patients treated with Cal/BD foam achieved TCS ≤1 than with clobetasol (63.2% vs. 18.8%, P = 0.016). Treatment satisfaction was higher with Cal/BD foam (P < 0.03). Microscopically, Cal/BD foam induced more reduction in epidermal thickness at week 4 (P < 0.049). Dilated horizontal blood vessels were more common with clobetasol than with Cal/BD foam at week 8 (69.2% vs. 31.2%, P = 0.159). If epidermal hyperplasia was noted at baseline, the response was poorer with clobetasol (P = 0.029).LimitationsSmall sample size, open study, imaging sampling bias.ConclusionCal/BD foam is more effective than clobetasol, has better patient satisfaction and induces greater reduction in the hyperkeratosis/acanthosis, regardless of baseline epidermal hyperplasia.
Skin cancer risk and shade: comparing the risk of foresters with other outdoor workers
Authors: Tizek L. , Schielein M.C. , Berger U. , Ege M.J. , Schneider S. , Zink A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundKeratinocyte carcinoma (KC) is an increasingly important public health problem with an especially high prevalence in outdoor workers. In contrast to other occupations, foresters spend most of their outdoor time under the shade of trees.ObjectivesWe aimed to compare the unique sun exposure patterns and sun protection behaviour of foresters with those of other outdoor workers and their relation to the KC risk.MethodsIn July 2018, a cross‐sectional study was conducted at an international forestry fair using a questionnaire about health awareness and skin cancer screening by dermatologists to assess the prevalence of KC.ResultsA total of 591 participants (78.7% male; mean age 46.8 ± 16.2 years) including 193 foresters were enrolled. Of all foresters, 72% experienced sunburns (solar erythema) within the past year and 50% of them experienced the worst sunburn during work. Foresters were most likely to often/always wear protective clothes (29.0%) but were least likely to often/always avoid midday sun (23.8%) and stay in the shade (31.1%). Having an outdoor profession or spending hours outside for leisure was negatively associated with sun protection. Skin examination revealed an overall KC prevalence of 16.7%, with 16.5% of foresters being affected.ConclusionDespite being protected by trees, the risk of KC for foresters is comparable to that of other professional groups. Shade alone may not provide sufficient protection. Additional sun protection measures are necessary.
A multinational, prospective, observational study to estimate complete skin clearance in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque PSOriasis treated with BIOlogics in a REAL world setting (PSO‐BIO‐REAL)
Authors: Seneschal J. , Lacour J.‐P. , Bewley A. , Faurby M. , Paul C. , Pellacani G. , De Simone C. , Horne L. , Sohrt A. , Augustin M. , Hammond E. , Reich K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and anti‐interleukin (IL)‐12/23 biologics revolutionized plaque psoriasis treatment by enabling ≥75% improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) in clinical trials. Modern biologics are now reported to achieve PASI 100 (complete skin clearance) in clinical trials. However, real‐world evidence of skin clearance rates with biologics is limited. PSO‐BIO‐REAL was conducted to understand the real‐world burden of plaque psoriasis.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this observational study was to estimate the proportion of patients who achieved complete skin clearance at 6 months. Secondary objectives included maintenance of response and evaluation of complete skin clearance at 12 months.MethodsPSO‐BIO‐REAL was a multinational, prospective, real‐world, non‐interventional study of skin clearance and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) with biologics. A total of 846 patients from the United States (32%), France (28%), Italy (22%), the United Kingdom (11%) and Germany (8%) were enrolled and followed for one year. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis who had initiated a biologic for plaque psoriasis. Patients could be biologic‐naïve or switching biologics (biologic‐experienced). Assessments were made at baseline and at months 6 and 12.ResultsAt 6 and 12 months, 23% and 26% of patients achieved complete skin clearance, respectively. Prior to study entry, 60% were biologic‐naïve. The proportion of patients achieving complete skin clearance was lower among biologic‐experienced patients (20% at both months 6 and 12) compared with biologic‐naïve patients (25% at month 6, 30% at month 12). The rate of complete skin clearance decreased as the number of prior biologics and baseline comorbidities increased.ConclusionOnly one in four patients achieved complete skin clearance after 6 months of treatment with biologics. The study indicates there still is an unmet need for more efficacious biologics for patients with psoriasis.
Non‐lethal loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assay as a point‐of‐care diagnostics tool for Neoparamoeba perurans, the causative agent of amoebic gill disease
Authors: Cano Irene , McCullough Robin , Mulhearn Brian , Gunning Susie , Waine Ava , Joiner Claire , Paley Richard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeoparamoeba perurans is the causative agent of amoebic gill disease (AGD). Two loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting the parasite 18S rRNA and the Atlantic salmon EF1α, used as internal control, were designed. The N. perurans LAMP assay did not amplify close relatives N. pemaquidensis and N. branchiphila, or the host DNA. This assay detected 106 copies of the parasite 18S rRNA gene under 13 min and 103 copies under 35 min. Five “fast‐and‐dirty” DNA extraction methods were compared with a reference method and further validated by TaqMan™ qPCR. Of those, the QuickExtract buffer was selected for field tests. Seventy‐one non‐lethal gill swabs were analysed from AGD‐clinically infected Atlantic salmon. The pathogen was detected under 23 min in fish of gill score >2 and under 39 min for lower gill scores. About 1.6% of the tests were invalid (no amplification of the internal control). 100% of positives were obtained from swabs taken from fish showing gill score ˃3, but only ~50% of positives for lower gill scores. The present LAMP assay could be implemented as a point‐of‐care test for the on‐site identification of N. perurans; however, further work is required to improve its performance for lower scores.
Use of corn flour and polydextrose in fried extrudate making: Effects of polydextrose content in the blend and extrusion temperature on the product quality
Authors: Yang Jin Han , Tran Thi Thu Tra , Le Van Viet Man 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh fiber snack food has attracted great attention due to many health benefits. In this study, the effects of polydextrose content and extrusion temperature on proximate composition, physical and sensory properties of the fried corn snack were investigated. Firstly, the polydextrose content in the blend was varied from 0 to 10% while the extrusion temperature was fixed. Then the blend formula was fixed while the die temperature was changed from 60 to 110°C. An increase in polydextrose content in the blend from 0 to 10% augmented the product density and decreased its radial and axial expansion ratio and crispness. Moreover, small air cells and thick cell walls were observed in the texture of the product with high polydextrose content. An increase in die temperature from 60 to 100°C reduced the product bulk density and enhanced the radial and axial expansion ratio, hardness, and crispness. High die temperature also resulted in large air cells and thin cell walls in the product texture as well as high water absorption and water solubility index of the snack. However, further, an increase in die temperature from 100 to 110°C reduced the expansion ratio, hardness, and crispness of the fried extrudate. It can be concluded that snack quality was greatly influenced by polydextrose content and extrusion temperature. The use of polydextrose is the potential for the development of high fiber snack food.Practical applicationRecently, many studies focus on the possibility of the application of various dietary fiber sources in the production of extruded snack food. Most of the investigated fiber materials are whole grain cereal flour, cereal bran or fruit, and vegetable fibers. Nowadays, commercial soluble dietary fiber preparations are well‐known in food industry. Their proximate composition and properties are stable and highly standardized. However, their use in extruded snack production has not been considered. In this study, corn flour and polydextrose were extruded to produce snack with high fiber content. The effects of polydextrose ratio in the blend and extrusion temperature on proximate composition, physical and sensory properties of the fried extrudate were investigated. The obtained results would be useful for food scientists and technologists who look for a potential dietary fiber source in the production of snack food with high fiber content.
The role of solid debris in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided drainage of walled‐off necrosis: A large cohort study
Authors: Zhu Huiyun , Xie Pei , Wang Yuxin , Jin Zhendong , Li Zhaoshen , Du Yiqi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe effect of solid debris on walled‐off necrosis (WON) drainage remains unknown. Our study evaluated the role of solid debris in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided drainage of WON compared lumen‐apposing metal stent (LAMS) with double‐pigtail plastic stent (DPPS).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with WON who underwent EUS‐guided drainage in our endoscopic center over a 9‐year period. The amount of solid debris in WON was assessed with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and EUS images.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2019, 84 WON patients were included. In WON with < 20% solid debris, the short‐term clinical success of LAMSs (96.8%) was significantly higher than DPPSs (66.7%) (P = 0.03), and LAMSs were safer than DPPSs with less early adverse events (P = 0.02) and late adverse events (P = 0.03). On multivariable analysis, DPPS (odds ratio [OR], 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04–0.65; P = 0.01) and solid debris > 40% (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02–0.62; P = 0.01) were the predictors for failure of resolution of WON after adjusting for age and cyst size. The number of DPPSs used was significantly higher than LAMSs in managing WONs (P < 0.001).ConclusionFor WON with < 20% solid debris, LAMSs might superior to DPPSs in terms of efficacy and safety.