bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent Validity of the Central Sensitization Inventory in Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders; Associations with Quantitative Sensory Testing, Pain Intensity, Fatigue, and Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Hendriks Erwin , Voogt Lennard , Lenoir Dorine , Coppieters Iris , Ickmans Kelly 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveCentral sensitization is present in different pain conditions, including chronic whiplash-associated disorders. In the absence of a gold standard method of assessment to determine the presence of central sensitization, quantitative sensory testing is currently understood as an optimal proxy. Laboratory sensory testing is, however, not feasible in clinical practice, and the Central Sensitization Inventory was developed as an alternative. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the convergent validity of the Central Sensitization Inventory in chronic whiplash-associated patients by determining the association between the Central Sensitization Inventory and quantitative sensory testing, pain intensity, fatigue, and psychosocial factors.MethodsA total of 125 chronic whiplash-associated patients completed multiple questionnaires and were subjected to pressure pain thresholds and temporal summation.Results. The Central Sensitization Inventory showed a strong association with constructs of general psychopathology, anxiety, distress, depression, and somatization in chronic whiplash-associated disorders. Moderate correlations were found with fatigue and intrusive and avoidant phenomena after a variety of traumatic events. No significant association was found between the Central Sensitization Inventory and pressure pain thresholds and temporal summation, nor between the Central Sensitization Inventory and other pain measurements.ConclusionsOverall, we found that the Central Sensitization Inventory is better in identifying the psychosocial factors related to central sensitization in chronic whiplash-associated disorders than the central nervous system adaptations. Thus, the convergent validity of the Central Sensitization Inventory appears to be only partially present in chronic whiplash-associated disorders.
Veteran Response to Dosage in Chiropractic Therapy (VERDICT): Study Protocol of a Pragmatic Randomized Trial for Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Long Cynthia R , Lisi Anthony J , Vining Robert D , Wallace Robert B , Salsbury Stacie A , Shannon Zacariah K , Halloran Stephanie , Minkalis Amy L , Corber Lance , Shekelle Paul G , Krebs Erin E , Abrams Thad E , Lurie Jon D , Goertz Christine M 
Published: August 2020

Conflicts of interest: No potential conflicts exist for any author listed.Abstract

Background
Low back pain is a leading cause of disability in veterans. Chiropractic care is a well-integrated, nonpharmacological therapy in Veterans Affairs health care facilities, where doctors of chiropractic provide therapeutic interventions focused on the management of low back pain and other musculoskeletal conditions. However, important knowledge gaps remain regarding the effectiveness of chiropractic care in terms of the number and frequency of treatment visits needed for optimal outcomes in veterans with low back pain.

Design
This pragmatic, parallel-group randomized trial at four Veterans Affairs sites will include 766 veterans with chronic low back pain who are randomly allocated to a course of low-dose (one to five visits) or higher-dose (eight to 12 visits) chiropractic care for 10 weeks (Phase 1). After Phase 1, participants within each treatment arm will again be randomly allocated to receive either monthly chiropractic chronic pain management for 10 months or no scheduled chiropractic visits (Phase 2). Assessments will be collected electronically. The Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire will be the primary outcome for Phase 1 at week 10 and Phase 2 at week 52.

Summary
This trial will provide evidence to guide the chiropractic dose in an initial course of care and an extended-care approach for veterans with chronic low back pain. Accurate information on the effectiveness of different dosing regimens of chiropractic care can greatly assist health care facilities, including Veterans Affairs, in modeling the number of doctors of chiropractic that will best meet the needs of patients with chronic low back pain.
Thoracic Zygapophysial Joint Thermal Neurotomy: A Cohort Revealing Additional Outcomes by Specific Joint Groupings
Authors: Speldewinde Geoffrey C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Thoracic spinal pain is common, and patients with this type of pain have limited therapeutic options. The cohort in this study received diagnostic intra-articular zygapophysial joint injections leading to thermal neurotomy to the medial branch nerves to demonstrate improved pain as well as physical and psychological function.

Design
A consecutive cohort from 2012 to 2018 with retrospective analysis of prospectively gathered data.

Setting
A private multidisciplinary pain clinic with referrals from primary care.

Results
Forty-six complete data sets from 39 patients were found using a pre-procedure and 3-month post-procedure questionnaire. Further follow-up results were found for the dual primary outcomes of duration of ≥50% relief using a numeric rating scale (NRS) for the entire group. The group was then divided into three subgroups of T1/2–T3/4, T4/5–T8/9, and T9/10–T12/L1. Success rates of 63% for ≥3 months of ≥50% relief and 46% for ≥6 months of ≥50% relief were found, for an average duration of 7.8 months. Group mean change in the NRS was 6.7, decreasing to 4.3 (P&lt;0.0001). For the first time, there are data showing that the three groups of T1/2–T3/4, T4/5–T8/9, and T9/10–T12/L1 responded equally. Secondary outcomes of physical and psychological function using the Functional Rating Index (FRI) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) all showed significant improvements with small to moderate effect sizes and with all achieving &gt;36% improvement in scores.

Conclusion
This cohort demonstrates that there is a pragmatic diagnostic and therapeutic option available for patients with thoracic zygapophysial joint pain that can achieve 50–100% of pain relief in 63% of patients with improved physical and psychological function.
Staying safe while waiting for the vaccine: what we need to do
Authors: Nabarro D , Atkinson J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Societies are organizing themselves to keep the COVID-19 virus at bay for the foreseeable future. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed that every country implement a comprehensive set of measures to prevent infection, detect cases, interrupt transmission, control clusters, suppress outbreaks and reduce mortality. Throughout the world, four systems capabilities are emerging that are important for societies to get ahead of the virus and become COVID-19 ready. First: understand the pattern of infection locally and act on it effectively: assess the status of the outbreak; act rapidly and robustly to interrupt transmission. Second: enable people to be active participants in their own responses. Third: focus on the places where people are most at risk of infection. Fourth: assess the performance of responses to COVID-19 infection: detecting cases, interrupting chains of transmission, minimizing adverse consequences, protecting the most vulnerable and ensuring opportunities for sustainable livelihoods and well-being for all, leaving no-one behind. These four capabilities are being woven together within societies: successful weaving can be helped through focusing on three interlinked elements: making information available; assessing and reducing risk; and being able to suppress outbreaks rapidly. This means involving everyone in the response and having strong public health defences. Governments, authorities, public health teams, employers and community organizations make it possible for us to stay safe but, in the end, what happens is up to all of us, individually and collectively. If we are to live well with the threat of COVID-19, solidarity really does matter.
Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs: British Society for Rheumatology guideline scope
Authors: Tillett William , Allen Alexander , Tucker Laura , Chandler David , Ciurtin Coziana , Davis Charlotte , Dick Andrew , Foulkes Amy , Gullick Nicola , Helliwell Philip , Jadon Deepak , Jones Gareth , Kyle Stuart , Madhok Vishnu , McHugh Neil , Parkinson Andrew , Raine Tim , Siebert Stefan , Smith Catherine , Coates Laura C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this guideline is to provide an update on evidence-based recommendations for treatment of adult patients with PsA. The previous BSR guidelines for PsA were published in 2012 and since that time, there have been many new advanced therapies licensed for PsA. This update will provide practical guidance for clinicians on the optimal selection of advanced therapies taking into account different domains of PsA (arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, axial disease and psoriasis) and key associated comorbidities. It will also update guidance on treatment strategy including the use of a treat-to-target approach. The guideline will be developed using the methods and processes outlined in Creating Clinical Guidelines: Our Protocol. (1) This development process to produce guidance, advice and recommendations for practice has National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) accreditation.
ESTIMATION OF RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS DUE TO NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES FROM THE ROSTERMAN GOLD MINE TAILINGS, LURAMBI, KAKAMEGA, KENYA
Authors: Wanyama C K , Masinde F W , Makokha J W , Matsitsi S M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Radiological hazards associated with naturally occurring radionuclides in materials from Rosterman gold mine were assessed by analysis of 30 samples. The gamma-ray spectrometric analysis of tailing samples reported an average activity concentration of 263 ± 13, 123 ± 6 and 84 ± 4 Bq kg−1 for 40K, 232Th and 226Ra, respectively. The average absorbed dose rate was 124 ± 6 nGy h−1, while the annual effective dose of 0.4 ± 0.02 mSv y−1 for indoor and 0.3 ± 0.01 mSv y−1 for outdoor were reported. The mean and range of radiological parameters (external and radium equivalent) calculated from the tailing samples were within the permissible limits and hence mining of gold at Rosterman has no significant radiological health implication on the miners and the surrounding population.
Effects of acetaminophen on risk taking
Authors: Keaveney Alexis , Peters Ellen , Way Baldwin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAcetaminophen, an analgesic and antipyretic available over-the-counter and used in over 600 medicines, is one of the most consumed drugs in the USA. Recent research has suggested that acetaminophen’s effects extend to the blunting of negative as well as positive affect. Because affect is a determinant of risk perception and risk taking, we tested the hypothesis that acute acetaminophen consumption (1000 mg) could influence these important judgments and decisions. In three double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, healthy young adults completed a laboratory measure of risk taking (Balloon Analog Risk Task) and in Studies 1 and 2 completed self-report measures of risk perception. Across all studies (total n = 545), acetaminophen increased risk-taking behavior. On the more affectively stimulating risk perception measure used in Study 2, acetaminophen reduced self-reported perceived risk and this reduction statistically mediated increased risk-taking behavior. These results indicate that acetaminophen can increase risk taking, which may be due to reductions in risk perceptions, particularly those that are highly affect laden.
Maths Sparks engagement programme: investigating the impact on under-privileged pupils’ attitudes towards mathematics
Authors: Ni Shuilleabhain Aoibhinn , Cronin Anthony , Prendergast Mark 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper we explore the attitudes of under-privileged secondary school pupils in Ireland towards mathematics and investigate the impact of attending a 4-week engagement programme on these attitudes. The pupils involved in this research attended schools recognized by the Department of Education & Skills as socio-economically deprived. Pupils attending these schools, known as Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Schools (DEIS), are 40% less likely than their counterparts in non-DEIS schools to pursue mathematics at a higher level in state examinations (Smyth, E., Mccoy, S. & Kingston, G., 2015, Learning From the Evaluation of DEIS. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute). However, little research has reported on these pupils’ experiences of and attitudes towards mathematics at senior secondary level. An engagement programme entitled ‘Maths Sparks’ was purposefully designed for secondary pupils from DEIS schools, with the aim of positively influencing their attitudes towards and confidence in mathematics. The programme consisted of weekly out-of-school workshops exploring extra-curricular mathematics topics, designed and delivered by undergraduate mathematics students. Questionnaires were utilized to evaluate pupils’ attitudes towards mathematics before and after their participation in the programme. Despite its relatively short time frame, qualitative and quantitative analysis suggests an increase in participating pupils’ attitudes towards, enjoyment of and self-confidence in mathematics due to their participation in the programme. Findings also suggest that while these pupils liked the subject of mathematics, their experience of learning the subject in school was not always positive and was sometimes hindered by the absence of higher-level mathematics as an option in school. The high-stakes examination content and teachers’ beliefs in the ability of their students also sometimes negatively impacted learners’ intentions to pursue mathematics at a higher level. Findings suggest that longitudinal mathematics engagement programmes, which focus on problem solving, involve extra-curricular mathematical concepts and are presented by undergraduate mathematics students, may provide a valuable way of positively impacting pupils’ intentions to pursue the subject.
Mathematics support centres’ online presence: provision in Ireland and the UK in 2018
Authors: Mac an Bhaird Ciarán , Mulligan Peter , O’Malley James 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMathematics Support Centres are available in the majority of Higher Education Institutions in Ireland and the UK. Whilst the online presence of these centres appears to be increasing, there is little research to date which considers its breadth or effectiveness. In this paper we consider the results of a survey on the online presence of support centres in Ireland and the UK. We discuss the opportunities that arise from such a presence, the challenges that exist and what the results of the survey mean for individual practitioners and the wider mathematics support community.
Cognitive, Psychiatric, and Quality of Life Outcomes in Adult Survivors of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Khan Imad R. , Saulle Michael , Oldham Mark A. , Weber Miriam T. , Schifitto Giovanni , Lee Hochang B. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
To perform a scoping literature review of cognitive, psychiatric, and quality of life outcomes in adults undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for any indication.

Data Sources:
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from inception to June 2019.

Study Selection:
Observational studies, clinical trials, qualitative studies, and case series with at least 10 adult subjects were included for analysis. Outcomes of interest consisted of general or domain-specific cognition, psychiatric illness, and quality of life measures that included both mental and physical health.

Data Extraction:
Study selection, data quality assessment, and interpretation of results were performed by two independent investigators in accordance with the PRISMA statement.

Data Synthesis:
Twenty-two articles were included in this review. Six described cognitive outcomes, 12 described psychiatric outcomes of which two were qualitative studies, and 16 described quality of life outcomes. Cognitive impairment was detected in varying degrees in every study that measured it. Three studies examined neuroimaging results and found neurologic injury to be more frequent in venoarterial versus venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, but described a variable correlation with cognitive impairment. Rates of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder were similar to other critically ill populations and were related to physical disability after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors’ physical quality of life was worse than population norms but tended to improve with time, while mental quality of life did not differ significantly from the general population. Most studies did not include matched controls and instead compared outcomes to previously published values.

Conclusions:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors experience cognitive impairment, psychiatric morbidity, and worse quality of life compared with the general population and similar to other survivors of critical illness. Physical disability in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients plays a significant role in psychiatric morbidity. However, it remains unclear if structural brain injury plays a role in these outcomes and whether extracorporeal membrane oxygenation causes secondary brain injury.
Normothermia in Patients With Sepsis Who Present to Emergency Departments Is Associated With Low Compliance With Sepsis Bundles and Increased In-Hospital Mortality Rate*
Authors: Park Sunghoon , Jeon Kyeongman , Oh Dong Kyu , Choi Eun Young , Seong Gil Myeong , Heo Jeongwon , Chang Youjin , Kwack Won Gun , Kang Byung Ju , Choi Won-Il , Kim Kyung Chan , Park So Young , Shin Yoon Mi , Lee Heung Bum , Park So Hee , Kim Seok Chan , Kwak Sang Hyun , Cho Jae Hwa , Kim Beongki , Lim Chae-Man ,   for the Korean Sepsis Alliance (KSA) Study Group
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
To investigate the impact of normothermia on compliance with sepsis bundles and in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis who present to emergency departments.

Design:
Retrospective multicenter observational study.

Patients:
Nineteen university-affiliated hospitals of the Korean Sepsis Alliance participated in this study. Data were collected regarding patients who visited emergency departments for sepsis during the 1-month period. The patients were divided into three groups based on their body temperature at the time of triage in the emergency department (i.e., hypothermia [< 36°C] vs normothermia [36–38°C] vs hyperthermia [> 38°C]).

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of 64,021 patients who visited emergency departments, 689 with community-acquired sepsis were analyzed (182 hyperthermic, 420 normothermic, and 87 hypothermic patients). The rate of compliance with the total hour-1 bundle was lowest in the normothermia group (6.0% vs 9.3% in hyperthermia vs 13.8% in hypothermia group; p = 0.032), the rate for lactate measurement was lowest in the normothermia group (62.1% vs 73.1% vs 75.9%; p = 0.005), and the blood culture rate was significantly lower in the normothermia than in the hyperthermia group (p < 0.001). The in-hospital mortality rates in the hyperthermia, normothermia, and hypothermia groups were 8.5%, 20.6%, and 30.8%, respectively (p < 0.001), but there was no significant association between compliance with sepsis bundles and in-hospital mortality. However, in a multivariate analysis, compared with hyperthermia, normothermia was significantly associated with an increased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 2.472; 95% CI, 1.005–6.080). This association remained significant even after stratifying patients by median lactate level.

Conclusions:
Normothermia at emergency department triage was significantly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality and a lower rate of compliance with the sepsis bundle. Despite several limitations, our findings suggest a need for new strategies to improve sepsis outcomes in this group of patients.
A Time-Phased Machine Learning Model for Real-Time Prediction of Sepsis in Critical Care
Authors: Li Xiang , Xu Xiao , Xie Fei , Xu Xian , Sun Yuyao , Liu Xiaoshuang , Jia Xiaoyu , Kang Yanni , Xie Lixin , Wang Fei , Xie Guotong 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
As a life-threatening condition, sepsis is one of the major public health issues worldwide. Early prediction can improve sepsis outcomes with appropriate interventions. With the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2019, we aimed to develop and validate a machine learning algorithm with high prediction performance and clinical interpretability for prediction of sepsis onset during critical care in real-time.

Design:
Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting:
The dataset was collected from three ICUs in three different U.S. hospitals. Two of them were publicly available for model development (offline) and one was used for testing (online).

Patients:
Forty-thousand three-hundred thirty-six ICU patients from the two model development databases and 24,819 from the test database. There are up to 40 hourly-recorded clinical variables for each ICU stay. The Sepsis-3 criteria were used to confirm sepsis onset.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Three-hundred twelve features were constructed hourly as the input of our proposed Time-phAsed machine learning model for Sepsis Prediction. Time-phAsed machine learning model for Sepsis Prediction first estimates the likelihood of sepsis onset for each hour of an ICU stay in the following 6 hours, and then makes a binary prediction with three time-phased cutoff values. On the internal validation set, the utility score (official challenge measurement) achieved by Time-phAsed machine learning model for Sepsis Prediction was 0.430. On the test set, the utility score reached was 0.354. Furthermore, Time-phAsed machine learning model for Sepsis Prediction provides an intuitive way to illustrate the impact of the input features on the outcome prediction, which makes it clinically interpretable.

Conclusions:
The proposed Time-phAsed machine learning model for Sepsis Prediction model is accurate and interpretable for real-time prediction of sepsis onset in critical care, which holds great potential for further evaluation in prospective studies.