bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA‐153‐3p increases autophagy in sevoflurane‐preconditioned mice to protect against ischaemic/reperfusion injury after knee arthroplasty
Authors: Qiu Shuang , Liu Benjuan , Mo Yanshuai , Wang Xueqin , Zhong Lina , Han Xiao , Mi Fuli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of tourniquet during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can result in ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Of interest, microRNAs (miRs) are reported to be involved in various kinds of IRI due to their ability in modulating autophagy. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the effect of miR‐153‐3p on autophagy in IRI in vitro and in vivo under sevoflurane preconditioning. In the in vitro model, chondrocytes from naive mice were treated with 0% FBS alone or in combination with sevoflurane. Additionally, in vivo assays were conducted in mouse models with tourniquet‐induced IRI after TKA under or without sevoflurane preconditioning. The pathological observation in vivo validated that sevoflurane preconditioning protected the knee joint against IRI. Moreover, miR‐153‐3p expression was diminished in chondrocytes of the in vitro model and in cartilage tissue of the in vivo model, but its expression was appreciably up‐regulated in the presence of sevoflurane preconditioning. Mechanistic study showed that miR‐153‐3p disrupted the interaction between Bcl‐2 and Beclin1 by targeting Bcl‐2, thereby facilitating autophagy in chondrocytes under sevoflurane preconditioning. Furthermore, the experiments in human chondrocytes also verified the protective effects of miR‐153‐3p against IRI were realized through inhibiting Bcl‐2. Collectively, miR‐153‐3p overexpression blocks the interaction between Bcl‐2 and Beclin1 via down‐regulation of Bcl‐2 to promote autophagy of chondrocytes, thus protecting knee joint against IRI after TKA under sevoflurane preconditioning.
They are here to stay: the biology and ecology of lionfish (Pterois miles) in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Savva Ioannis , Chartosia Niki , Antoniou Charalampos , Kleitou Periklis , Georgiou Andreas , Stern Nir , Hadjioannou Louis , Jimenez Carlos , Andreou Vasilis , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. , Kletou Demetris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe lionfish, Pterois miles, is one of the most recent Lessepsian immigrants into the Mediterranean Sea, and it poses a serious threat to marine ecosystems in the region. This study assesses the basic biology and ecology of lionfish in the Mediterranean, examining morphometrics, reproduction and diet as well as population structure and distribution. The population density of lionfish has increased dramatically in Cyprus since the first sighting in late 2012; by 2018 aggregations of up to 70 lionfish were found on rocky grounds with complex reefs and artificial reefs in depths of 0–50 m. Lionfish in Cyprus become mature within a year, and adults are capable of spawning year‐round, with peak spawning in summer when the sea‐surface temperature reaches 28.4°C. The Cypriot lionfish grow faster and bigger than in their native range, and females are more common than males. Lionfish are generalist predators in these waters, as also found in their native range, consuming a range of teleost and crustacean prey, some of which are of high economic value (e.g., Spicara smaris and Sparisoma cretense) or have an important role in local trophic webs (e.g., Chromis chromis). Overall, the reproductive patterns, the presence of juveniles and adults throughout the year, the rapid growth rates and the generalist diet indicate that lionfish are thriving and are now already well established in the region and could potentially become the serious nuisance that they are in their temperate and tropical western Atlantic–invasive range.
Facial nerve paralysis in 64 equids: Clinical variables, diagnosis, and outcome
Authors: Boorman Sophie , Scherrer Nicole M. , Stefanovski Darko , Johnson Amy L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundFacial nerve paralysis (FNP) in equids is not well described in the veterinary literature.ObjectiveTo investigate the causes of FNP and associations among clinical variables, diagnosis, and outcome.AnimalsSixty‐four equids presenting with FNP between July 2000 and April 2019. Cases of postanesthetic FNP were excluded.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed. Variables were evaluated for associations with outcomes (diagnosis and case outcome) using logistic regression.ResultsThe most common cause of FNP was trauma (n = 20). Additional diagnoses included central nervous system (CNS) disease (n = 16), idiopathic (n = 12, 4 of which had adequate diagnostic investigation and were considered “true” idiopathic, and 8 of which were considered “not investigated” idiopathic), temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (n = 10), otitis media‐interna (n = 3), lymphoma (n = 1), iatrogenic as a consequence of infiltration of local anesthetic (n = 1), and clostridial myositis (n = 1). Follow‐up was available for 55 (86%) cases. Twenty‐nine (53%) equids had full resolution of FNP, 14 (25%) were euthanized, 6 (11%) partially improved, and 6 (11%) were unchanged or worse.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIf FNP is the consequence of CNS disease, successful treatment of the primary disease likely leads to resolution of FNP. Most cases of FNP in equids are traumatic in origin. True idiopathic cases are uncommon.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) Icelandic founder mutation carriers
Authors: Adalsteinsdottir Berglind , Burke Michael , Maron Barry J , Danielsen Ragnar , Lopez Begoña , Diez Javier , Jarolim Petr , Seidman Jonathan , Seidman Christine E. , Ho Carolyn Y , Gunnarsson Gunnar Th 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe myosin-binding protein C (MYBPC3) c.927-2A>G founder mutation accounts for >90% of sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Iceland. This cross-sectional observational study explored the penetrance and phenotypic burden among carriers of this single, prevalent founder mutation.MethodsWe studied 60 probands with HCM caused byMYBPC3c.927-2A>G and 225 first-degree relatives. All participants underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation and relatives were genotyped.ResultsGenetic and clinical evaluation of relatives identified 49 genotype-positive (G+) relatives with left ventricular hypertrophy (G+/LVH+), 59 G+without LVH (G+/LVH−) and 117 genotype-negative relatives (unaffected). Compared with HCM probands, G+/LVH+ relatives were older at HCM diagnosis, had less LVH, a less prevalent diastolic dysfunction, fewer ECG abnormalities, lower serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels, and fewer symptoms. The penetrance of HCM was influenced by age and sex; specifically, LVH was present in 39% of G+males but only 9% of G+females under age 40 years (p=0.015), versus 86% and 83%, respectively, after age 60 (p=0.89). G+/LVH− subjects had normal wall thicknesses, diastolic function and NT-proBNP levels, but subtle changes in LV geometry and more ECG abnormalities than their unaffected relatives.ConclusionsPhenotypic expression of the IcelandicMYBPC3founder mutation varies by age, sex and proband status. Men are more likely to have LVH at a younger age, and disease manifestations were more prominent in probands than in relatives identified via family screening. G+/LVH− individuals had subtle clinical differences from unaffected relatives well into adulthood, indicating subclinical phenotypic expression of the pathogenic mutation.
Firm spin and parity assignments for high-lying, low-spin levels in stable Si isotopes
Authors: Sinclair J. , Scheck M. , Finch S. W. , Krishichayan  , Friman-Gayer U. , Tornow W. , Battaglia G. , Beck T. , Chapman R. , Chishti M. M. R. , Fransen Ch. , Gonzales R. , Hoemann E. , Isaak J. , Janssens R. V. F. , Jaroszynski D. A. , Johnson S. , Jones M. D. , Keatings J. M. , Kelly N. , Kleemann J. , Little D. , Löher B. , Mashtakov K. R. , Müscher M. , O’Donnell D. , Papst O. , Peters E. E. , Savran D. , Schilling M. , Schwengner R. , Spagnoletti P. , Spieker M. , Werner V. , Wilhelmy J. , Wieland O. , Yates S. W. , Zilges A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA natural silicon target was investigated in a $$^{\text {nat}}$$natSi($$\mathbf {\gamma },\gamma ^{\prime }$$γ,γ′) photon-scattering experiment with fully linearly-polarised, quasi-monochromatic $$\mathbf {\gamma }$$γ rays in the entrance channel. The mean photon energies used were $$\langle {E}_{\gamma }\rangle =$$⟨Eγ⟩= 9.33, 9.77, 10.17, 10.55, 10.93, and 11.37 MeV, and the relative energy spread (full width at half maximum) of the incident beam was $$\varDelta E_{\gamma }/\langle {E}_{\gamma }\rangle \approx $$ΔEγ/⟨Eγ⟩≈ 3.5–4 %. The observed angular distributions for the ground-state decay allow firm spin and parity assignments for several levels of the stable even-even silicon isotopes.
Switchback effect of holographic complexity in multiple-horizon black holes
Authors: Jiang Jie , Chen Zhaohui , Liu Chengcheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we use the “complexity equals action” (CA) conjecture to explore the switchback effect in the strongly-coupled quantum field theories with finite N and finite coupling effects. In the perspective of holography, this is equivalent to evaluating the CA complexity in a Vaidya geometry equipped with a light shockwave for a higher curvature gravitational theory. Based on the Noether charge formalism of Iyer and Wald, we obtain the slope of the complexity of formation in the small- and large-time approximations. By circuit analogy, we show that our results concur with the switchback effect of the quantum system. These results show that the switchback effect is a general feature of the CA complexity in stationary black holes and its existence is independent of the explicit gravitational theory as well as spacetime background. From the viewpoint of AdS/CFT, this also implies that the switchback effect is a general feature of the thermofield double state in the strongly-coupled quantum field systems with finite N and finite coupling effects. Moreover, we also illustrate that unlike the late-time complexity growth rate, the counterterm plays an important role in the study of the switchback effect.
Reversible splenial lesion syndrome in children: clinical analysis and summary of a case series
Authors: Zhang Xinying , Chen Na , Guo Jiamin , Li Shuwei , Xu Jiaming , Zhu Weiwei , Ma Aihua 
Published: April 2020

Objective To describe clinicoradiological features and outcomes of reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES) in children. Methods Data from 23 children (25 RESLES episodes; two patients had recurring episodes) was retrospectively reviewed at the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, China. Primary disease, central nervous system manifestations, treatments, outcomes, and laboratory examination, electroencephalogram, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results were assessed. Results Fourteen boys and nine girls (23 patients; 8 months to 11 years old) with 25 RESLES episodes (20 type-1, 5 type-2) were enrolled. Epileptic seizure and infection were the most common pathogenesis. Prominent clinical manifestations were disturbance of consciousness and visual disturbance. Cranial MRI of 20 RESLES type-1 episodes showed oval lesions in the splenium of corpus callosum (SCC), and five RESLES type-2 episodes showed lesions in the entire corpus callosum that were associated with the symmetric cerebral white matter. Lesions were hyperintense on diffusion-weighed images (DWI) and disappeared when later reviewed (range, 4–30 days). Conclusions RESLES etiology in children is complex, and its clinical manifestations are nonspecific. Diagnosis mainly depends on cranial MRI, especially DWI, showing highly intense lesions on SCC. RESLES has a good prognosis and excessive treatment should be avoided.
Moral distress: A concept clarification
Authors: Deschenes Sadie , Gagnon Michelle , Park Tanya , Kunyk Diane 
Published: April 2020

Background Over the past few decades, moral distress has been examined in the nursing literature. It is thought to occur when an individual has made a moral decision but is unable to act on it, often attributable to constraints, internal or external. Varying definitions can be found throughout the healthcare literature. This lack of cohesion has led to complications for study of the phenomenon, along with its effects to nursing practice, education and targeted policy development. Objectives The aim of this analysis was to uncover unique definitions of moral distress as found in the nursing literature and to examine the relationship between these definitions. Research Design and Context Morse’s method of concept clarification was applied given the large body of literature which includes definitions, descriptions and measurements of the concept in research. The steps include (a) conducting a literature review; (b) analysing the literature; and (c) identifying, describing, comparing, and contrasting attributes, antecedents and consequences of each category. Findings Each of the 18 included studies described constraints in their definition of moral distress, whether implied or explicitly stated. External constraints are widely described as obstacles outside of the individual, whether institutional, systemic or situational, while internal constraints are located within the individuals themselves and are described as personal limitations, failings or weakness of will. Conclusion Upon reviewing these definitions, we determined that the term ‘internal constraints’ is problematic due to the emphasis of responsibility on the individual experiencing moral distress. We propose an alteration to ‘internal characteristics’ that will assume less responsibility of change from the individual to place a heavier onus on systemic and institutional constraints.
Possible atezolizumab-associated acute kidney injury and immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Yılmaz Ali , Mirili Cem , Bilici Mehmet , Tekin Salim Başol 
Published: April 2020

Introduction The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which are used to activate the immune system and stimulate anti-tumor activity, are preferred in many cancers. Atezolizumab acts by blocking programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) and may cause immune hyperstimulation in healthy tissues like other ICIs, resulting in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Hepatitis, colitis, pneumonitis, hypophysitis, hypothyroidism, rash, musculoskeletal problems are the most common irAEs, and on the other hand, acute kidney injury (AKI) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are infrequent. Case report We present a case with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with atezolizumab 1200 mg every three weeks for third-line treatment. The patient was admitted with fatigue and back pain. The patient’s complaints started one week after the first dose of atezolizumab. The patient had renal injury and thrombocytopenia and was diagnosed with drug-induced AKI and ITP. Management and outcome After platelet replacement, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and steroid therapy, the patient whose platelet count was normalized and creatinine level regressed was discharged, and routine follow-up continues. Discussion Here, we present a case with NSCLC treated with atezolizumab and with drug-induced ITP and AKI association. Given that atezolizumab and other immune checkpoint inhibitors are being utilized in the treatment of cancers, physicians should be aware of the irAEs, including the AKI and ITP.
Impact of Microcredit on Second Generation Borrowers in Bangladesh: Revisited
Authors: Ara Laila Arjuman , Rahman Mohammad Masudur , Kim Chanwahn 
Published: April 2020

This article investigates the economic impact of continuing borrowers’ participation in the microcredit programme on poverty eradication in Bangladesh. A panel data set was collected through a field survey for the years 2013–2016 to identify the impact of a microcredit programme on continuous participation borrowers. The propensity score matching (PSM) method is used to eliminate selection bias and the difference-in-difference (DID) model is applied for the empirical analysis. The findings of the study demonstrate that more benefits are realized from continued participants compared to discontinued participants. JEL: C83, D14, G21, O12
Alcoholic beverage preferences among teenagers in Finland before and after the 2018 alcohol law change
Authors: Lintonen Tomi , Ahtinen Suvi , Konu Anne 
Published: April 2020

Aims: The alcohol law change in Finland in the beginning of 2018 was forecast to shift alcohol sales from alcohol monopoly stores to grocery stores. The trend of declining adolescent alcohol use was predicted to end. This study aimed to provide a more detailed view on under-age drinking change through analysing alcoholic beverage use preferences among 14 and 16 year olds in Finland from 2017 to 2019. Methods: Nationally representative surveys of adolescent health behaviours in Finland from 2017 ( n = 2451) and 2019 ( n = 2119) among 14 and 16 year olds were analysed using cross-tabulations and logistic regression modelling. Beverage data were coded from an open-ended question concerning the latest drinking occasion. Results: The proportion of 14 and 16-year-old girls reporting drinking alcohol was 41% in 2017 and 45% in 2019. The corresponding proportions among boys were 39% in 2017 and 43% in 2019. The share of alcohol consumed in the form of beer, alcopops and cider increased among girls from 55% to 75%, but the apparent increase among boys from 69% to 76% was not statistically significant. The only beverage type category that increased in popularity from the year 2017 to 2019 was alcopops. Conclusions: The law change bringing strong alcopops, beer and cider into grocery stores increased their consumption – especially among the under-aged. Comprehensive measures including taxation, restrictions on advertising and sales affecting the population total consumption are also likely to remain the keys to reducing alcohol consumption among adolescents. In addition, effective age-limit control and sanctions against neglecting age-restriction enforcement are needed.
Systematic Literature Review of Interventions for Promoting Postmortem Organ Donation From Social Marketing Perspective
Authors: Čož Sinja , Kamin Tanja 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: This systematic review examines the factors that make some interventions promoting postmortem organ donation more successful and more likely to change behaviors than others. We analyzed the effectiveness of different types of interventions for promoting postmortem organ donation against the criteria identified by previous research in other health-related areas as the most important for designing effective behavior change programs. We observed a correlation between the use of social marketing benchmarks and the reported success of intervention goals. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of all articles describing interventions promoting postmortem organ donation published in scientific journals between January 2008 and November 2018. We analyzed these articles against the 7 social marketing benchmark criteria using a coding questioner. Findings: The analysis revealed a correlation between the use of social marketing benchmark criteria in an intervention’s design and the success of the intervention. Interventions that employed 6 or 7 criteria reported successful achievement of all intervention objectives. We observed a decrease in success rates when fewer than 6 social marketing benchmark criteria were included in the intervention design. Discussion: The findings suggest that a social marketing approach may prove useful to efforts to promote postmortem organ donation. More social marketing benchmark criteria should be included in the design and implementation of interventions promoting postmortem organ donation.
The Etiology and Prognosis of Delayed Postoperative Leukocytosis in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Izhakian Shimon , Wasser Walter G. , Vainshelboim Baruch , Unterman Avraham , Heching Moshe , Gorelik Oleg , Kramer Mordechai R. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Leukocytosis (white blood cell count >12 000/µL) in the delayed postoperative period (4-7 days) after lung transplantation is due to diverse etiologies. We aimed to describe the etiologies of delayed postoperative leukocytosis in lung transplant recipients and to evaluate the association of leukocytosis causes with short-term survival. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 274 lung transplantations performed in our institution during 2006 to 2013. Results: Delayed postoperative leukocytosis was seen in 159 (58.0%) of lung transplant recipients. In 57 (35.8%) of them, the etiology of the leukocytosis was not identified. The etiologies of leukocytosis that were identified were infection (n = 39), second surgery, acute rejection (n = 12), primary graft dysfunction (n = 3), multiple etiologies (n = 17), and other causes (n = 10). On multivariate analysis, delayed postoperative leukocytosis was one of the variables that most significantly associated with decreased survival in the entire sample (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.29, P = .040). On additional analysis for mortality assessing each leukocytosis subgroup, the data were acute graft rejection (HR = 8.21, 95% CI: 4.09-16.49, P < .001), second surgery (HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.08-3.90, P = .020), primary graft dysfunction (HR = 2.72, 95% CI: 0.65-11.33, P = .169), other causes (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.47-3.62, P = .620), and unknown etiology (HR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.54-1.62, P = .800). Conclusions: Delayed post-lung transplant leukocytosis is a poor prognostic sign, especially when attributed to acute graft rejection, infection, and multiple etiologies. In the absence of an identifiable etiology, it can be attributed to postoperative reactive stress, is not associated with increased mortality, and likely does not warrant further diagnostic investigation.
Video directly observed therapy for supporting and monitoring adherence to tuberculosis treatment in Uganda: a pilot cohort study
Authors: Sekandi Juliet N. , Buregyeya Esther , Zalwango Sarah , Dobbin Kevin K. , Atuyambe Lynn , Nakkonde Damalie , Turinawe Julius , Tucker Emma G. , Olowookere Shade , Turyahabwe Stavia , Garfein Richard S. 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionNonadherence to treatment remains an obstacle to tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using video directly observed therapy (VDOT) for supporting TB treatment adherence in Uganda.MethodsFrom May to December 2018, we conducted a pilot cohort study at a TB clinic in Kampala City. We enrolled patients aged 18–65 years with ≥3 months remaining of their TB treatment. Participants were trained to use a smartphone app to record videos of medication intake and submit them to a secured system. Trained health workers logged into the system to watch the submitted videos. The primary outcome was adherence measured as the fraction of expected doses observed (FEDO). In a secondary analysis, we examined differences in FEDO by sex, age, phone ownership, duration of follow-up, reasons for missed videos and patients' satisfaction at study exit.ResultsOf 52 patients enrolled, 50 were analysed. 28 (56%) were male, the mean age was 31 years (range 19–50 years) and 35 (70%) owned smartphones. Of the 5150 videos expected, 4231 (82.2%) were received. The median FEDO was 85% (interquartile range 66%–94%) and this significantly differed by follow-up duration. Phone malfunction, uncharged battery and VDOT app malfunctions were the commonest reasons for missed videos. 92% of patients reported being very satisfied with using VDOT.ConclusionVDOT was feasible and acceptable for monitoring and supporting TB treatment. It resulted in high levels of adherence, suggesting that digital technology holds promise in improving patient monitoring in Uganda.