bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive Manufacturing of Batteries
Authors: Pang Yaokun , Cao Yunteng , Chu Yihang , Liu Minghong , Snyder Kent , MacKenzie Devin , Cao Changyong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing, i.e., 3D printing, is being increasingly utilized to fabricate a variety of complex‐shaped electronics and energy devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells) due to its excellent process flexibility, good geometry controllability, as well as cost and material waste reduction. In this review, the recent advances in 3D printing of emerging batteries are emphasized and discussed. The recent progress in fabricating 3D‐printed batteries through the major 3D‐printing methods, including lithography‐based 3D printing, template‐assisted electrodeposition‐based 3D printing, inkjet printing, direct ink writing, fused deposition modeling, and aerosol jet printing, are first summarized. Then, the significant achievements made in the development and printing of battery electrodes and electrolytes are highlighted. Finally, major challenges are discussed and potential research frontiers in developing 3D‐printed batteries are proposed. It is expected that with the continuous development of printing techniques and materials, 3D‐printed batteries with long‐term durability, favorable safety as well as high energy and power density will eventually be widely used in many fields.
PLGA Porous Microspheres Dry Powders for Codelivery of Afatinib‐Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Paclitaxel: Novel Therapy for EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Resistant Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Yao , Huang Zhengwei , Li Jinyuan , Mo Ziran , Huang Ying , Ma Cheng , Wang Wenhao , Pan Xin , Wu Chuanbin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCombination therapy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) with other chemotherapeutic agents is a feasible strategy to overcome resistance that often occurs after 9–13 months of EGFR TKIs administration in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, a pulmonary microspheres system that codelivers afatinib and paclitaxel (PTX) is developed for treatment of EGFR TKIs resistant NSCLC. In this system, afatinib is loaded in stearic acid‐based solid lipid nanoparticles, then these nanoparticles and PTX are loaded in poly‐lactide‐co‐glycolide‐based porous microspheres. These inhaled microspheres systems are characterized including geometric particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency, morphology by scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area, in vitro drug release, and aerodynamic particle size. Cell experiments indicate that afatinib and PTX have a synergistic effect and the codelivery system shows a superior treatment effect in drug‐resistant NSCLC cells. The biocompatibility, pharmacokinetic, and tissue distribution experiments in Sprague–Dawley rats show that afatinib and PTX in the system can maintain 96 h of high lung concentration but low concentration in other tissues, with acceptable safety. These results demonstrate that this system may be a prospective delivery strategy for drug combination treatment in cancers developing resistance, especially drug‐resistant lung cancer.
Cell Adhesion, Morphology, and Metabolism Variation via Acoustic Exposure within Microfluidic Cell Handling Systems
Authors: Devendran Citsabehsan , Carthew James , Frith Jessica E. , Neild Adrian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAcoustic fields are capable of manipulating biological samples contained within the enclosed and highly controlled environment of a microfluidic chip in a versatile manner. The use of acoustic streaming to alter fluid flows and radiation forces to control cell locations has important clinical and life science applications. While there have been significant advances in the fundamental implementation of these acoustic mechanisms, there is a considerable lack of understanding of the associated biological effects on cells. Typically a single, simple viability assay is used to demonstrate a high proportion of living cells. However, the findings of this study demonstrate that acoustic exposure can inhibit cell attachment, decrease cell spreading, and most intriguingly increase cellular metabolic activity, all without any impact upon viability rates. This has important implications by showing that mortality studies alone are inadequate for the assessment of biocompatibility, but further demonstrates that physical manipulation of cells can also be used to influence their biological activity.
Antimonene Engineered Highly Deformable Freestanding Electrode with Extraordinarily Improved Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Yu Jiali , Zhou Jie , Yao Pingping , Xie Hui , Zhang Meng , Ji Muwei , Liu Huichao , Liu Qian , Zhu Caizhen , Xu Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdvanced 2D materials have spurred great interest as a new paradigm in pursuing improved energy storage performance. Herein, for the first time, antimonene is utilized as an effective active component for constructing highly deformable and editable freestanding film electrodes, as the basis of a supercapacitor with record‐breaking electrode performance. The insertion of antimonene is able to improve the environmental stability of the antimonene/MXene composite electrode and remarkably enhance the energy storage capability in both protic and neutral electrolytes. Notably, an ultrahigh specific volumetric capacitance of 4255 F cm−3 is achieved by the electrode tested in a1 m H2SO4 electrolyte, which represents the state‐of‐the‐art value reported to date for supercapacitor electrodes based on MXenes. The flexible supercapacitors constructed by the composite electrode, also demonstrate highly competitive energy and power densities: 459.75 mWh cm−3 and 3.12 W cm−3 for the asymmetrical one with a much widened potential window of 2 V in neutral electrolyte; 112.52 mWh cm−3 and 1 W cm−3 for the symmetrical configuration with an outstanding capacitance of 1265 F cm−3 in acidic media. This work sheds new light on the fabrication of high‐performance supercapacitor electrodes with functionalities in different electrolyte media and various device configurations.
Rechargeable Soft‐Matter EGaIn‐MnO2 Battery for Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Liu Dongye , Su Laisuo , Liao Jiahe , Reeja‐Jayan B. , Majidi Carmel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA rechargeable, stretchable battery composed of a liquid metal alloy (eutectic gallium‐indium; EGaIn) anode, a carbon paste, and MnO2 slurry cathode, an alkaline electrolytic hydrogel, and a soft elastomeric package is presented. The battery can stably cycle within a voltage range of 1.40–1.86 V at 1 mA cm−2 while being subject to 100% tensile strain. This is accomplished through a mechanism that involves reversible stripping and plating of gallium along with MnO2 chemical conversion. Moreover, a technique to increase the contact area between the EGaIn anode and hydrogel interface using CaCl2 additives, which reduces polarization and therefore reduces the effective current density, leading to higher discharge plateaus and lower charge plateaus. Relative to previous attempts at energy storage with liquid metal, the EGaIn‐MnO2 battery presented here shows an exceptional areal specific capacity (≈3.8 mAh cm−2) and robust, stable rechargeability over >100 charging cycles. The battery is also stable under bending, with negligible change in electrochemical properties when bent to a 2 mm radius of curvature. Batteries embedded within a wearable elastomeric sleeve can power a blue light‐emitting diode and strain‐sensing circuit. These demonstrations suggest that stretchable EGaIn‐MnO2 batteries are feasible for applications in wearable energy‐storage electronics.
Weak Bases‐Mediated Modified Favorskii Reaction‐Type Direct Alkynylation/(E)‐Alkenylation: A Unified Rapid Access to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and Propargyl Alcohols
Authors: Tiwari Mohit K. , Yadav Lalit , Kumar Shyamlal Bharti Rajesh , Chaudhary Sandeep 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHerein, we report an unprecedented, fast, highly efficient, transition‐metal‐free, modified Favorskii reaction‐type direct alkynylation and (E)‐alkenylation protocol towards the synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated ketones and propargyl alcohols that proceeds using the combination of Cs2CO3 and Et3N as weak bases in up to 99% yields. In this reaction, aromatic aldehydes afforded α,β‐unsaturated ketones and aliphatic aldehydes furnished propargyl alcohols, respectively. A proposed mechanistic pathway illustrates the involvement of weak base‐assisted propargylation of carbonyl compounds followed by allenol‐enone tautomerism to furnish (E)‐alkenylated product.
Prospective characterization of postoperative nasal deformities in patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal skull‐base surgery
Authors: Rowan Nicholas R. , Valappil Benita , Chen Jonlin , Wang Eric W. , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundSurgeons have become increasingly aware of the impact of endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) of the skull base on sinonasal‐related quality of life. Prior retrospective investigation described a correlation between nasoseptal flap (NSF) reconstruction in EES with postoperative nasal deformities, such as nasal dorsum collapse. The primary objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the incidence of, and contributing factors to, postoperative changes in nasal structure following EES. Secondary goals included assessing subjective changes in nasal appearance as well as objective nasal analysis.MethodsClinical demographics and detailed perioperative information was prospectively collected for patients undergoing transsellar/suprasellar EES for skull‐base tumors. Preoperatively, 1‐month and 6‐month photographs were completed for objective photographic nasal analysis and blinded assessment by surgeons. Subjective patient feedback was also solicited.ResultsOverall, 14.7% (5/34) of patients subjectively reported postoperative nasal deformities, whereas both blinded‐surgeon and objective nasal measurements identified deformities in 12.9% (4/31) of patients. Patients with postoperative deformities were more likely to have skull‐base reconstruction with an NSF (p = 0.01) and trended toward an increased incidence in patients with nonpituitary neoplasms (p = 0.07). There were no other associations between clinical or operative characteristics and external deformities. No patients planned to undergo corrective repair.ConclusionExternal nasal deformities following EES are more frequent than previously acknowledged. Postoperative deformities appear to be associated with NSF reconstruction and may be associated with surgery for nonpituitary neoplasms. Patients should be counseled on this potential outcome, and future studies should investigate how to minimize postoperative sequela.
Material‐related losses of natural rubber composites with surface‐modified nanodiamonds
Authors: Shakun Alexandra , Sarlin Essi , Vuorinen Jyrki 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTDielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) offer a solution for the growing sustainable energy needs. Despite the active research on DEGs, currently used materials do not possess the required properties to achieve the full potential performance of such generators, thus, limiting an economical attractiveness of DEGs. Therefore, tailor‐made materials for DEGs are in demand. Customizing the natural rubber recipe allows both dielectric and mechanical loss reduction, while the addition of nanodiamonds lowers the stress relaxation and hysteresis loss even further. The effect is most pronounced after chemical modification of nanodiamonds with silane coupling agents. Moreover, such modified nanodiamonds show less dielectric losses compared to unmodified nanodiamonds and allow reducing the dynamic loss tangent of the compound. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48629.
COX7A1 suppresses the viability of human non‐small cell lung cancer cells via regulating autophagy
Authors: Zhao Lei , Chen Xin , Feng Yetong , Wang Guangsuo , Nawaz Imran , Hu Lifu , Liu Pengfei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCOX7A1 is a subunit of cytochrome c oxidase, and plays an important role in the super‐assembly that integrates peripherally into multi‐unit heteromeric complexes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In recent years, some researchers have identified that COX7A1 is implicated in human cancer cell metabolism and therapy. In this study, we mainly explored the effect of COX7A1 on the cell viability of lung cancer cells. COX7A1 overexpression was induced by vector transfection in NCI‐H838 cells. Cell proliferation, colony formation and cell apoptosis were evaluated in different groups. In addition, autophagy was analyzed by detecting the expression level of p62 and LC3, as well as the tandem mRFP‐GFP‐LC3 reporter assay respectively. Our results indicated that the overexpression of COX7A1 suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation ability, and promoted cell apoptosis in human non‐small cell lung cancer cells. Besides, the overexpression of COX7A1 blocked autophagic flux and resulted in the accumulation of autophagosome via downregulation of PGC‐1α and upregulation of NOX2. Further analysis showed that the effect of COX7A1 overexpression on cell viability was partly dependent of the inhibition of autophagy. Herein, we identified that COX7A1 holds a key position in regulating the development and progression of lung cancer by affecting autophagy. Although the crosstalk among COX7A1, PGC‐1α and NOX2 needs further investigation, our study provides a novel insight into the therapeutic action of COX7A1 against human non‐small cell lung cancer.
PTEN promotes intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating nucleus pulposus cell behaviors
Authors: Xi Yongming , Ma Jinfeng , Chen Yan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is induced by multiple factors including increased apoptosis, decreased survival, and reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in the nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) is the only known lipid phosphatase counteracting the PI3K/AKT pathway. Loss of PTEN leads to activated PI3K/AKT signaling, which plays a key role in a variety of cancers. However, the role of PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling nexus in IDD remains unknown. Here, we report that PTEN is overexpressed in degenerative NP, which correlates with inactivated AKT. Using the PTEN knockdown approach by lentivirus‐mediated short interfering RNA gene transfer technique, we report that PTEN decreases survival but induces apoptosis and senescence of NP cells. PTEN also inhibits expression and production of ECM components including collagen II, aggrecan, and proteoglycan. Furthermore, PTEN modulates the expression of ECM regulatory molecules SOX‐9 and matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3). Using small‐molecule AKT inhibitor GDC‐0068, we confirm that PTEN regulates NP cell behaviors through its direct targeting of PI3K/AKT. These findings demonstrate for the first time that PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IDD. Targeting PTEN using gene therapy may represent a promising therapeutic approach against disc degenerative diseases.
Electrified Nanoconfined Biocatalysis with Rapid Cofactor Recycling
Authors: Megarity Clare F. , Siritanaratkul Bhavin , Cheng Beichen , Morello Giorgio , Wan Lei , Sills Adam J. , Heath Rachel S. , Turner Nicholas J. , Armstrong Fraser A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn living cells, the overall rates of catalytic reaction chains (cascades) are massively enhanced by nanoconfinement of enzymes in tiny enclosed volumes: presented in such a way, interdependent catalysts are highly concentrated, and distances (active site‐to‐active site) across which intermediates and cofactors must diffuse, may be tiny. In a parallel technology exploiting this principle, enzyme cascades are powered, amplified, and monitored in real time as they work in concert, being nanoconfined within the pores of an electrically conductive metal oxide electrode. The technology, nicknamed the electrochemical leaf, mimics chloroplast biosynthesis by exploiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADP(H)) recycling catalysed by the flavoenzyme, ferredoxin NADP+ reductase (FNR). Adsorbed on the inner walls of the nanopores, FNR rapidly transfers electrons between the electrode and NADP(H). This activity is coupled to an oxidoreductase enzyme, also nanoconfined within the pores, which recycles the cofactor and selectively synthesises a desired product or senses an analyte. Use of catalyst and cofactor is very efficient. The technology is simple, inexpensive and adaptable, and scalable to both microscopic levels (diagnostics) and macroscopic levels (organic synthesis). Whereas native FNR is specific for NADP(H), the technology can be extended by genetic engineering to include NAD(H) as recycling cofactor.
Understanding the Role of SnO2 Support in Water‐Tolerant Methane Combustion: In situ Observation of Pd(OH)2 and Comparison with Pd/Al2O3
Authors: Barrett William , Shen Jing , Hu Yongfeng , Hayes Robert E. , Scott Robert W. J. , Semagina Natalia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuantitative analysis of poisonous Pd hydroxide phase formation during methane combustion in the presence of water is performed via in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy from 200 to 500 deg C for palladium catalysts supported on tin and aluminum oxides. Water presence inhibits oxidation of the metallic Pd; for the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst the major oxidation product is Pd(OH)2, with PdO being the dominant phase on the Pd/SnO2 system. Tin dioxide is reduced during methane oxidation in the presence of water, regardless of the excess oxygen in the feed. Temperature‐programmed surface reactions at anaerobic and low‐oxygen conditions revealed that the Pd/SnO2 catalyst has an inability to catalyze methane steam reforming, as opposed to Pd/Al2O3. We suggest that tin oxide extracts hydroxyls from the PdO surface, which makes the latter more active in methane combustion in the presence of water but inactive in methane steam reforming.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Chalcogen (S/Se)‐Functionalization of Organic Molecules
Authors: Martins Guilherme M. , Meirinho Anne G. , Ahmed Nisar , Braga Antonio L. , Mendes Samuel R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAchieving advances in the development of clean and efficient synthetic routes has become an important aim in research. In recent years, the search for new sustainable methodologies, notably environmentally benign synthetic procedures, has gained the attention of the scientific community. Electrosynthesis is a tool that has been extensively studied due to its potential application in chemical transformations and it adheres to the principles of green chemistry. Organochalogen compounds form an important class of molecules, since many of them have properties that can be applied in medicine and materials science. Thus, herein we provide a comprehensive and updated overview covering recent advances in the electrochemical C(sp2)−H bond chalcogenation of activated arenes and heterocycles as well as electrochemical chalcogenation through oxidative cross‐coupling reactions and chalcogen‐functionalization of alkenes/alkynes. The scope, limitations, and mechanisms are described and discussed, detailing the fundamental aspects and benefits of electrochemistry for the chalcogenation of organic compounds. The content of this Minireview demonstrates that it is possible to provide new synthetic routes and to improve the existing methodologies, to obtain processes more in line with current environmental protection aims. The reader will also find a discussion on the fundamental aspects and benefits of applying electrosynthesis to the assembly and operation of an electrolytic cell.
Development of QCM humidity sensors using anodized alumina film
Authors: Yamamoto Nobuo , Yamaguchi Tomiharu , Hara Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHumidity sensors based on QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) have been developed using an anodized alumina thin‐film as a sensing material. An aluminum thin‐film is deposited on a silver‐coated quartz crystal by electron beam deposition and is anodized in an acid solution. The resultant alumina film is porous. The resonant frequency gradually decreases from 5% to 94% relative humidity (RH) and steeply changes near 100% RH. This result shows that the sensor can be used as a dew‐point sensor as well as a humidity sensor. The response times to the humidity changes from 27% to 59% RH and from 59% to 27% RH are less than 5 s. The sensor shows reversible response to some gases such as ethanol, toluene, and acetone vapors in addition to airborne particles such as pollen.
Sensitive Determination of Folic Acid using a Solid Bismuth Microelectrode by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Gęca Iwona , Korolczuk Mieczyslaw 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure of folic acid determination with the use of a new voltammetric sensor with a prolonged application‐solid bismuth microelectrode was described. The proposed microelectrode is characterized by more eco‐friendly properties as compared to in situ formed bismuth film electrodes due to the fact that bismuth ions are not needed as a component of supporting electrolyte for metal film plating. Furthermore the above mentioned fact simplifies and shortens a measurements procedure. Parameters affected folic acid determination were studied. After a procedure optimization the calibration graph was found to be linear in the range: 5×10−10 to 1×10−8 mol L−1 (accumulation time: 120 s). The obtained detection limit of folic acid determination for accumulation time of 120 s was 1.8×10−10 mol L−1. Possible interferences deriving from a presence of other organic and surface active compounds were studied. The analysis of pharmaceutical preparation was positively performed following the presented procedure.
Economic feasibility of biochar and agriculture coproduction from Canadian black spruce forest
Authors: Keske Catherine , Godfrey Todd , Hoag Dana L.K. , Abedin Joinal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study calculates the economic feasibility of converting biomass from black spruce forests into biochar and using it as soil amendment to grow potatoes (Solanum tuberosumL.) and beets (Beta vulgarisL.) to improve food availability in one of Canada's most consistently food insecure provinces. The trees were clear cut for the construction of the controversial Muskrat Falls hydroelectric dam and have been left to decay due to a lack of economically feasible processing options. A stochastic analysis conducted on a biochar production budget of a slow pyrolysis mobile biochar unit reveals fixed and variable cost estimates of $505.14 Mg−1and $499.13 Mg−1, respectively. Applying the biochar as a soil amendment for local beet or potato production makes the biochar venture profitable. Beet field trial data from the study region using 10 t C biochar application rates increases beet yield from 2.9 Mg/ha to 11.4 Mg/ha with a midline increase of 5.59 Mg/ha. A stochastic analysis with variable prices and yields shows a 0.99 probability of biochar production being profitable when applied to beets at the midline production rate, with an average annualized net return over variable costs of $4,953 ha−1, and maximum annualized net return of $11,288 ha−1, over variable costs. Potato production yields average annualized net returns of $965.48 ha−1over variable costs, but with much more downside risk, considering the minimum annualized net return of −$318.82 ha−1over variable costs. Biochar application covers average total costs for beets but not potatoes. Using biochar from forest biomass as a soil amendment presents an opportunity to create a local market for biochar in a remote area of Canada, where biochar may be used as an experimental soil amendment to improve food security.