bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport Specialization and Increased Injury Frequency in Youth Baseball Players: A Prospective Study
Authors: Arnold Amanda J. , Thigpen Charles A. , Beattie Paul F. , Kissenberth Michael J. , Tokish John M. , Shanley Ellen 
Published: October 2019

ContextSport specialization is thought to be a primary contributor to the throwing-related injury risk in youth baseball players.ObjectiveTo (1) establish arm-injury incidence in a cohort of male youth (9–12 years old) baseball players and (2) examine sport specialization and the frequency of arm injuries in the same cohort.DesignCohort study.SettingGreenville, South Carolina, youth baseball programs and tournaments.Patients or Other ParticipantsA total of 159 asymptomatic youth baseball players (age = 11.1 ± 1.1 years) were physically assessed and then were prospectively followed for 6.7 ± 1.5 months.Main Outcome Measure(s)Athlete demographics and playing and injury histories were initially recorded. Athlete-exposures and presence of arm injury were prospectively tracked. All injuries were physically confirmed by a licensed physical therapist.ResultsYouth players demonstrated an arm-injury incidence rate of 2.22 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Parents and players underestimated sport-specialization status based on the standard research definition (self versus research based: 31% versus 83%, respectively; P = .001). The frequency of arm injuries was higher in specialized players (100%) than in nonspecialized players (80%, P = .03) but did not differ between pitchers and position players (13.2% each, P = 1.00).ConclusionsSport specialization was associated with throwing-related arm injuries in a small cohort of youth baseball players. It is concerning that 57.9% of parents and specialized players were unaware of the athletes' status. Larger studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to further evaluate injury-risk profiles in physically developing youth populations.
Evaluating a Commonly Used Tool for Measuring Sport Specialization in Young Athletes
Authors: Miller Madeline , Malekian Sina , Burgess Jamie , LaBella Cynthia 
Published: October 2019

Context
Sport specialization has been defined as year-round intensive training in a single sport to the exclusion of other sports. A commonly used survey tool created by Jayanthi et al, which classifies athletes as having a low, moderate, or high level of specialization, categorizes only athletes answering yes to “Have you quit other sports to focus on a main sport?” as highly specialized. We hypothesized that a measureable number of year-round, single-sport athletes have never played other sports and, therefore, may be inaccurately classified as moderately specialized when using this tool, even though most experts would agree they should be viewed as highly specialized.

Objective
To determine the proportion of athletes misclassified as moderately rather than highly specialized because they never played a previous sport.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Hospital-based pediatric outpatient sports medicine clinic.

Patients or Other Participants
Injured athletes aged 12 to 17 years who presented to the clinic between 2015 and 2017 and completed a sports-participation survey (n = 917).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Sport-specialization level.

Results
Of 917 participants, 299 (32.6%) played a single sport more than 8 months per year, and 208/299 (69.6%) had previously quit other sports (highly specialized), whereas 91 (30.4%) had never played other sports (highly specialized and misclassified as moderate). Individual-sport athletes had a 2.03 times greater risk of being highly specialized and misclassified as moderate than team-sport athletes (relative risk = 2.03 [95% confidence interval = 1.37, 3.00]). Females had a 1.70 times greater risk of being misclassified as moderately specialized than males (relative risk 1.70 [95% confidence interval = 1.07, 2.70]). Of the 3 sports with the largest number of athletes, artistic gymnastics had the highest proportion (51.2%) who had never played other sports.

Conclusions
The commonly used specialization survey misclassified a substantial number of highly specialized athletes as moderately specialized. Researchers should consider adding a fourth survey question, “Have you only ever played 1 sport?” to identify and better study this unique subset of misclassified athletes.
Use of Innovative Gel Electrolytes for Electrochemical Corrosion Measurements on Carbon and Galvanized Steel Surfaces
Authors: Monrrabal Gleidys , Bautista Asuncion , Velasco Francisco 
Published: October 2019

This work analyzes the feasibility of using gel electrolytes in portable cells to easily perform electrochemical corrosion measurements on carbon steel and galvanized steel components. A gel manufactured from glycerol and agar, with chlorides and optimized conductivity, has been selected for this study. This gel is easily adaptable to nonflat surfaces and has no risk of crevice corrosion interferences during the measurements. Polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements have been performed with a portable cell with a gel electrolyte. The results have been compared to those obtained in a liquid electrolyte with the same saline composition. The effect of using gel electrolytes on the development of the anodic and cathodic processes when the metal surfaces corrode actively has been analyzed in depth. The changes on the composition of outer oxides due to the gel exposure have also been studied by x-ray photospectroscopy to achieve a better understanding of the results. The gel electrolyte has proved to be an adequate medium for obtaining relevant information about the corrosion performance of active carbon and galvanized steel, although it has a somewhat lower aggressiveness than the liquid electrolyte with the same saline composition.
Becoming a Foreigner: Gwendolen Grandcourt and Sites of Resistance, Divergence, and Death inDaniel Deronda
Authors: O’Brien Lee 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrawing upon Julia Kristeva’s linking of the ideas of the foreigner with women and the state of marriage in Strangers to Ourselves, and Michel Foucault and Jay Miskowiec’s thesis in “Of Other Spaces” that apparently quite ordinary sites can contest the ideologically normative, this article looks at patterns of alienation and domestication that shape the novel. For Kristeva, the foreigner is not confined to those deemed to be the enemy or an outsider but is produced in relation to crises that threaten the autonomy of the self through social mechanisms that are known, rather than alien. Similarly, Foucault examines the “lands of exile,” of crisis and deviation, which can develop within domestic social formations. These theoretical perspectives are used to analyze the fundamental differences in the structure and outcomes of the two narrative “streams,” as George Eliot called them, of Daniel Deronda: that of Daniel himself and, the main focus of the analysis, of Gwendolen.
Examining George Eliot
Authors: Lovesey Oliver 
Published: October 2019

Abstract“Examining George Eliot” investigates an important and often overlooked indication of the critical reception of Eliot’s novels, their appearance as set texts for formal examinations in Britain’s colonial and postcolonial worlds. In the context of a consideration of the mid-Victorian examination mania, this article addresses the handling of Eliot’s work in the major venue for international examinations of English literature conducted by Cambridge University.
Civiele aansprakelijkheid voor het gebruik van medische applicaties
Authors: Zijlstra A.J. 
Published: October 2019

Civiele aansprakelijkheid voor het gebruik van medische applicaties
Het toenemende gebruik van smartphones en de technologische ontwikkelingen op het gebied van medische applicaties hebben voor grote veranderingen gezorgd binnen de gezondheidszorg. Ook de juridische wereld wordt geconfronteerd met dit fenomeen, aangezien de schade die voortvloeit uit het gebruik van medische applicaties zou kunnen leiden tot claims. In dit artikel wordt onderzocht in hoeverre medische applicaties passen binnen het wettelijk kader van een gebrekkig product en een ongeschikte hulpzaak. Daarnaast worden verschillende verhaalsmogelijkheden voor de patiënt behandeld, wanneer een dergelijke applicatie wordt ingezet bij een geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst.
Schets van het internationaal gezondheidsrecht
Authors: Toebes B.C.A. 
Published: October 2019

Schets van het internationaal gezondheidsrecht
Deze bijdrage bespreekt de aard en reikwijdte van het internationaal gezondheidsrecht, een tak van het internationaal publiekrecht die nauw verweven is met het nationale gezondheidsrecht. De standaarden van de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie komen aan bod, evenals de relevante mensenrechtenbepalingen. De conclusie luidt dat het internationaal gezondheidsrecht een dynamisch veld is dat voor grote uitdagingen staat, waaronder het ontwikkelen van nieuwe standaarden in antwoord op de mondiale stijging van chronische ziektes en het ter verantwoording roepen van invloedrijke niet-statelijke actoren zoals de farmaceutische industrie en de tabaksindustrie.
Verslag jaarvergadering Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht 2016
Authors: Meijer O.A. 
Published: October 2019

Verslag jaarvergadering Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht 2016; Thema: ‘Functioneren en disfunctioneren’
De 49e jaarvergadering van de Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht vond april 2016 plaats. Tijdens het inhoudelijke gedeelte lichtten prof. dr. M.J.M.H. Lombarts, mr. A.C. de Die, drs. H.C. van Eyck van Heslinga MMC en mr. A. Hammerstein hun bijdrage aan het preadvies ‘Functioneren en disfunctioneren’ toe. Aan de orde kwam het (dis)functioneren van zorgprofessionals en bestuurders en het belang van de professionele toezichthouder binnen zorginstellingen. Coreferaten over het voorkómen van disfunctioneren, onder verwijzing naar de mogelijkheid tot het instellen van commissies voor advies en begeleiding (zoals door de NVvH) en vanuit organisatiekundige optiek, werden gehouden door respectievelijk prof. dr. J.H. van Bockel en dr. H.K.J.M. de Sonnaville. Tijdens de goedbezochte vergadering werd daarmee een brede blik op het onderwerp geboden.
Het kabinetsvoorstel tot verruiming van de Embryowet: een halve stap vooruit
Authors: Dondorp W.J. , Ploem M.C. , de Wert G.M.W.R. 
Published: October 2019

Het kabinetsvoorstel tot verruiming van de Embryowet: een halve stap vooruit
Op grond van artikel 24a Embryowet is het verboden een embryo tot stand te brengen of te gebruiken voor andere doelen dan het doen ontstaan van een zwangerschap. De regering is voornemens op dit terrein een ‘halve stap’ vooruit te zetten, dat wil zeggen om onderzoek waarvoor speciaal embryo’s gecreëerd mogen worden toe te laten mits het valt binnen bepaalde onderzoeksterreinen én mits het direct relevant is voor klinische toepassing. In deze bijdrage wordt bij dit voornemen en de daaraan ten grondslag liggende argumentatie een aantal kritische kanttekeningen geplaatst.
Voorontwerp Wet verzekerdeninvloed: een nieuwe vorm van medezeggenschap
Authors: Klaassen A.G.H. 
Published: October 2019

Voorontwerp Wet verzekerdeninvloed: een nieuwe vorm van medezeggenschap
In deze bijdrage wordt onderzocht of met de Wet verzekerdeninvloed de positie van verzekerden voldoende wordt versterkt en of er nog verbeteringen mogelijk zijn. Als duidelijk is hoe de vereiste inspraak in schriftelijke regelingen wordt uitgewerkt, kan pas worden beoordeeld of de invloed van de verzekerden daadwerkelijk wordt versterkt. De instemmingsbevoegdheid van de permanente vertegenwoordiging geeft daarbij enige zekerheid. Met het vastleggen van het recht van initiatief en het recht van overleg kan de positie van de permanente vertegenwoordiging eenvoudig worden versterkt. Een ander punt is of de naleving voldoende is doordacht.
De geboorte van de Wvggz: een schouwspel in vele bedrijven
Authors: Dijkers W.J.A.M. 
Published: October 2019

De geboorte van de Wvggz: een schouwspel in vele bedrijven; opmerkingen naar aanleiding van de tweede nota van wijziging
De Wet verplichte geestelijke gezondheidszorg is de beoogde opvolger van de Wet Bopz; het ontwerp van deze nieuwe wet is ingrijpend gewijzigd bij de tweede nota van wijziging. Schrijver bespreekt enkele onderdelen daarvan, zoals de rol van de officier van justitie, het vervallen van het hoger beroep, de (te) brede inhoud van toekomstige rechterlijke machtigingen en de nieuw geïntroduceerde observatiemaatregel.
Hulp bij zelfdoding bij voltooid leven: naar een nieuwe wet?
Authors: Gevers J.K.M. 
Published: October 2019

Hulp bij zelfdoding bij voltooid leven: naar een nieuwe wet?
Dit artikel beschrijft de visie van het kabinet ten aanzien van het begin 2016 verschenen rapport Voltooid leven van de in 2014 door de ministers van VWS en Veiligheid en Justitie ingestelde commissie-Schnabel en voorziet die van de nodige kanttekeningen. Vervolgens komt in het kort het initiatiefwetsvoorstel van D66 aan de orde, en de vraag of dat tegemoetkomt aan de bij de visie van het kabinet gemaakte kanttekeningen. In de slotbeschouwing bespreekt auteur de vraag of een nieuwe wet alles bijeengenomen wel gewenst is.
De ontslagbescherming van onderwijzend personeel
Authors: van Vliet Elmira 
Published: October 2019

De ontslagbescherming van onderwijzend personeel
Op onderdelen wijkt de rechtspositie van onderwijzend personeel af van de rechtspositie van werknemers in het bedrijfsleven. In deze bijdrage zal de rechtspositie bij ontslag van personeel in het openbaar en bijzonder onderwijs worden besproken. Onderwerpen als de ketenregeling, identiteitsontslagcommissie en de gevolgen van de gevolgen van de Wet normalisering rechtspositie ambtenaren (Wnra) komen aan de orde.
Femmes et jazz dans le Québec de l’entre-deux-guerres : entre le récit historique, les archives et le passé*
Authors: Blais-Tremblay Vanessa 
Published: October 2019

Cet article porte sur les rôles que les femmes ont joué dans le développement d’une scène jazz à Montréal. Les archives témoignent de l’importance des pianistes Vera Guilaroff et Ilene Bourne, de l’enseignante de piano Daisy Peterson Sweeney, des enseignantes de danse Olga Spencer Foderingham et Ethel Bruneau, ainsi que des danseuses de variétés dans le développement de la plus grande scène jazz du Canada au cours de la première moitié du xxe siècle. Cet article contextualise la présence des femmes dans ces espaces performantiels précis (le piano, l’enseignement, la danse) et explore les processus historiographiques liés à leur exclusion des récits historiques.
Cool Control, Occam, and Océan: The Radigue and Bozzini Game
Authors: Majeau-Bettez Emanuelle 
Published: October 2019

This article analyzes the dynamics of the new and current collaboration between the Montreal-based Bozzini String Quartet and female electronic music pioneer Éliane Radigue. Starting in the late 1960s, Radigue’s electronic music career has been characterized by seemingly unchanging hour-long pieces in which organic micro oscillations between pitches replace traditional rhythm. Since 2001, Radigue has turned to working with instrumentalists, using an “intuitive-instinctive compositional process” akin to “oral transmission of ancient traditional music” (Sonami 2017). While the few academics that have shown interest in Radigue’s instrumental music have focussed their attention on the oral aspects of her compositions, this paper seeks to move beyond non-written formal parameters of her music, and explore the ways in which the actual sound of a Radigue piece generates radically new understandings of performance and composition. Drawing on field notes and recordings of the Bozzini rehearsals at Radigue’s apartment on July 2017, as well as on the author’s correspondence with Radigue and the quartet, this paper highlights moments of strong emotional response to, or caused by, Radigue’s sound. Affective reactions on both Radigue’s and the quartet’s side reveal points of tension between different assumptions regarding collective creation, and completely reorient what it means to own, to transmit, to perform and to compose music. Spectrograms and recordings of the Bozzini’s attempts to create a Radigue sound will be used to further analyze these points of tension, and will reveal that in order to successfully play a Radigue instrumental piece, the Bozzinis need to reproduce every element of Radigue’s previous electronic music—the string quartet needs to “become” Radigue’s electronic instrument.
Dry and wet etching for β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes with mesa termination
Authors: Okumura Hironori , Tanaka Taketoshi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We investigated dry and wet etchings of β-Ga2O3 and fabricated vertical Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with mesa termination using the optimal etching condition. Using an inductively-coupled plasma reactive-ion etching with a nickel-hard mask, a β-Ga2O3 (010) mesa structure with a smooth sidewall is obtained at an etching rate of 77 nm min−1 in BCl3/Cl2 mixture gas. By immersing β-Ga2O3 (001) vertical SBDs with mesa termination in hot phosphoric-acid solution, the specific on resistance and ideality factor of the SBDs are reduced to 0.91 mΩcm2 and 1.03, respectively. Current density at reverse bias is in good agreement with thermionic field emission model.
Effects of the loss of estrogen on the heart’s hypertrophic response to chronic left ventricle volume overload in rats
Authors: Walsh-Wilkinson Elisabeth , Beaumont Catherine , Drolet Marie-Claude , Roy Ève-Marie , Le Houillier Charlie , Beaudoin Jonathan , Arsenault Marie , Couet Jacques 
Published: October 2019

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) can result in heart failure from chronic overloading of the left ventricle (LV). Little is known of the role of estrogens in the LV responses to this condition. The aim of the study was to compare LV remodeling in female rats with severe AR in absence of estrogens by ovariectomy (Ovx). In a first study, we investigated over 6 months the development of hypertrophy in four groups of female Wistar rats: AR or sham-operated (sham) and Ovx or not. Ovx reduced normal heart growth. As expected, volume overload (VO) from AR resulted in significant LV dilation (42% and 32% increase LV end-diastolic diameter in intact and Ovx groups vs. their respective sham group; p < 0.0001). LV weight was also significantly and similarly increased in both AR groups (non-Ovx and Ovx). Increase in stroke volume or cardiac output and loss of systolic function were similar between AR intact and AR Ovx groups compared to sham. We then investigated what were the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2; 0.03 mg/kg/day) treatment on the parameters studied in Ovx rats. Ovx reduced uterus weight by 85% and E2 treatment restored up to 65% of the normal weight. E2 also helped normalize heart size to normal values. On the other hand, it did not influence the extent of the hypertrophic response to AR. In fact, E2 treatment further reduced LV hypertrophy in AR Ovx rats (41% over Sham Ovx + E2). Systolic and diastolic functions parameters in AR Ovx + E2 were similar to intact AR animals. Ovx in sham rats had a significant effect on the LV gene expression of several hypertrophy markers. Atrial natriuretic peptide (Nppa) gene expression was reduced by Ovx in sham-operated females whereas brain natriuretic peptide (Nppb) expression was increased. Alpha (Myh6) and beta (Myh7) myosin heavy chain genes were also significantly modulated by Ovx in sham females. In AR rats, LV expression of both Nppa and Nppb genes were increased as expected. Ovx further increased it of AR rats for Nppa and did the opposite for Nppb. Interestingly, AR in Ovx rats had only minimal effects on Myh6 and Myh7 genes whereas they were modulated as expected for intact AR animals. In summary, loss of estrogens by Ovx in AR rats was not accompanied by a worsening of hypertrophy or cardiac function. Normal cardiac growth was reduced by Ovx in sham females but not the hypertrophic response to AR. On the other hand, Ovx had important effects on LV gene expression both in sham and AR female rats.
Volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment planning based on virtual monochromatic images for head and neck cancer: effect of the contrast‐enhanced agent on dose distribution
Authors: Komiyama Riho , Ohira Shingo , Kanayama Naoyuki , Karino Tsukasa , Washio Hayate , Ueda Yoshihiro , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Teshima Teruki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVirtual monochromatic images (VMIs) at a lower energy level can improve image quality but the computed tomography (CT) number of iodine contained in the contrast‐enhanced agent is dramatically increased. We assessed the effect of the use of contrast‐enhanced agent on the dose distributions in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning for head and neck cancer (HNC). Based on the VMIs at 40 keV (VMI40keV), 60 keV(VMI60keV), and 77 keV (VMI77keV) of a tissue characterization phantom, lookup tables (LUTs) were created. VMAT plans were generated for 15 HNC patients based on contrast‐enhanced‐ (CE‐) VMIs at 40‐, 60‐, and 77 keV using the corresponding LUTs, and the doses were recalculated based on the noncontrast‐enhanced‐ (nCE‐) VMIs. For all structures, the difference in CT numbers owing to the contrast‐enhanced agent was prominent as the energy level of the VMI decreased, and the mean differences in CT number between CE‐ and nCE‐VMI was the largest for the clinical target volume (CTV) (125.3, 55.9, and 33.1 HU for VMI40keV, VMI60keV, and VMI77keV, respectively). The mean difference of the dosimetric parameters (D99%, D50%, D1%, Dmean, and D0.1cc) for CTV and OARs was <1% in the treatment plans based on all VMIs. The maximum difference was observed for CTV in VMI40keV (2.4%), VMI60keV (1.9%), and VMI77keV (1.5%) plans. The effect of the contrast‐enhanced agent was larger in the VMAT plans based on the VMI at a lower energy level for HNC patients. This effect is not desirable in a treatment planning procedure.
Z‐Scheme Heterojunction Functionalized Pyrite Nanosheets for Modulating Tumor Microenvironment and Strengthening Photo/Chemodynamic Therapeutic Effects
Authors: Pan Chao , Ou Meitong , Cheng Qinzhen , Zhou Yun , Yu Yongkang , Li Zimu , Zhang Fan , Xia Dehua , Mei Lin , Ji Xiaoyuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA Z‐scheme heterojunction with high electron–hole pairs separation efficacy and enhanced redox potentials exhibits tremendous potential in photonic theranostics, but still remains unexplored and challenging. Herein, novel 2D thermally oxidized pyrite nanosheets (TOPY NSs) with FeS2 core and Fe2O3 shell are fabricated combining ball grinding and two‐step probe sonication assisted liquid exfoliation under different solution and air environments. The Fe2O3 shell and Fe3+/Fe2+ inside TOPY NSs can both damage the tumor microenvironment through glutathione consumption and O2 production, and produce ·OH by Fenton reaction. More interestingly, a direct Z‐scheme heterojunction based on FeS2 core and Fe2O3 shell is constructed, in which the electrons in the conduction band (CB) of Fe2O3 are recombined with the holes in the valence band (VB) of FeS2, leaving stronger reduction/oxidation potentials in the CB of FeS2 and the VB of Fe2O3. Under irradiation of a 650 nm laser, the generation of ·O2− from O2 and ·OH from OH− on the CB of FeS2 and VB of Fe2O3, respectively, is largely enhanced. Furthermore, the NSs can be triggered by an 808 nm laser to generate local hyperthermia for photothermal therapy. Moreover, the fluorescent, photoacoustic, and photothermal imaging capabilities of the NSs allow multimodal imaging‐guided cancer treatment.