bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hindi Adaptation and Psychometric Validation of the Affiliate Stigma Scale
Authors: Kumari Rajbala , Ranjan Jay Kumar , Verma Saroj , Asthana Hari Shanker 
Published: September 2020

Background: The Affiliate Stigma Scale (ASS) is a widely used tool to measure affiliate stigma in the caregivers of individuals with various types of mental illnesses. However, the Hindi adaptation of this scale with evident psychometric properties is not available. This study aimed to adapt the ASS in the Hindi language and, further, to validate it in the Indian setting. Methods: Translation and back-translation methods were used to translate the original items of the ASS to the Hindi language. After completion of translations and linguistic adaptation process, the Hindi translated version of the ASS, WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered to 140 caregivers of persons with mental illness. Purposive sampling method was adopted. The age range of the participants was 17–60 years. Psychometric properties, as well as the factor structures of the scale, were evaluated. Results: The Hindi version of the ASS has adequate internal consistencies ( r = 0.87–0.93) and test–retest reliability ( r = 0.78, P < 0.001). The concurrent validity of this scale was also high, as the correlation coefficients among the Hindi version of the ASS, WHOQOL-BREF, GHQ-12, and HADS were ranging from 0.23 to 0.35. The exploratory factor analysis revealed three underlying factors, namely, cognition, affect, and behavior. Conclusions: The Hindi version of the ASS is a reliable and valid psychometric tool to measure affiliate stigma in caregivers of patients with mental illness.
Plasma levels of vasoactive neuropeptides in pediatric patients with migraine during attack and attack-free periods
Authors: Hanci Fatma , Kilinc Yasemin Baranoglu , Kilinc Erkan , Turay Sevim , Dilek Mustafa , Kabakus Nimet 
Published: September 2020

Background Increasing evidence suggests that vasoactive neuropeptides such as pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38), substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide are involved in the pathophysiology of migraine in adults, but their role in pediatric migraineurs remains unclear. We prospectively investigated plasma levels of these vasoactive neuropeptides in pediatric migraine patients without aura and compared the results with those of age-matched healthy controls. Methods Thirty-eight children aged 6–18 years with migraine without aura and 20 age-matched control subjects were included in the study. Neuropeptides in plasma samples from the controls, and in either the ictal or interictal periods in pediatric migraine without aura, were measured using ELISA. Results PACAP-38 and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in both ictal and interictal plasma were higher in the patients with pediatric migraine without aura than in the controls ( p < 0.001), although calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P levels remained unchanged. Otherwise, no significant difference was determined between ictal and interictal periods in terms of all neuropeptide levels. Conclusions This study demonstrates increased plasma PACAP-38 and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels, but not calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P levels, in pediatric patients with migraine during both attack and attack-free periods. The study findings suggest that PACAP-38 and vasoactive intestinal peptide may be implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine, particularly in pediatric migraineurs.
Overview of blood purification in uremia
Authors: Burton B.T. 
Published: September 2020

Today, management of irreversible renal failure is based primarily on maintenance hemodialysis and renal transplantation with a growing minority of patients treated by peritoneal dialysis. With regard to renal transplantation — the early promise of renal transplantation in the mid 1960's has given way to the realities of the late 1970's. There have been no major changes in the rejection rate of transplanted kidneys in recent years though today's mortality of transplant patients is considerably reduced over what it used to be. Moreover, universally the lack of availability of a sufficient number of organs for transplantation poses a formidable problem. It is all too apparent that current methods of blood purification in uremia are far from optimal. Even though the mortality in maintenance dialysis is relatively low, hemodialysis is characterized by a variety of complications and most maintenance dialysis patients are not optimally rehabilitated.
Measuring patient safety climate in operating rooms: Validation of the Spanish version of the hospital survey on patient safety
Authors: Botero Jose Hugo Arias , Arias Ruben Dario Gomez , Cardona Angela Maria Segura , Rodriguez Fernando Acosta , Rico Jose Antonio Quesada , Guillen Vicente Gil 
Published: September 2020

Objective The measurement of patient safety climate within hospitals, and specifically in operating rooms is a basic tool for the development of the patient’s safety policy. There are no validated Spanish versions of instruments to measure safety climate. The objective of this research was to validate the Spanish version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety (HSOPS®), with the addition of a module for surgical units, to evaluate the patient safety climate in operating rooms. Methods Survey validation study. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety (HSOPS®) was applied to health workers from 6 acute general hospitals, from Medellín (Colombia), with surgical procedures greater than 300 per month, 18 items were added considered specific for Operating Rooms. For construct validation, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used, utilizing principal components as the extraction method. Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach’s α. Results A 10 dimensions model was obtained with EFA, most of the dimensions of the original questionnaire were conserved, although the factorial structure was not reproduced. Two new dimensions emerged from the added items. The Cronbach’s α ranged between 0.66 and 0.87. Conclusions: We found the HSOPS questionnaire is valid and reliable for measuring patient safety climate in Spanish speaking Latin American countries. Two additional dimensions are proposed for Operating Rooms.
The effects of hospital-physician financial integration on adverse incident rate: An agency theory perspective
Authors: Upadhyay Soumya , Weech-Maldonado Robert , Opoku-Agyeman William 
Published: September 2020

Background Patient safety is an important aspect of quality of care. Physicians’ alignment with hospitals by means of financial integration may possibly help hospitals achieve their quality goals. Most research examines the effects of financial integration on financial performance. There is a need to understand whether financial integration has an effect on quality and safety. Purpose The aim of this study is to examine the association between hospital physician financial integration (employment, joint ventures, and ownership) and Adverse Incident Rate. Methodology: A longitudinal panel study design was used. A random effects model with hospital, year, and state effects was used. Our sample contained 3,528 hospitals observations within U.S. from 2013–2015. Findings Contrary to our hypotheses, hospital physician financial integration does not influence AIR. Besides financial integration, hospitals need to have a high commitment towards quality and safety to influence a lower AIR.
Characterization of Magnesium Sulfate as an Antiarrhythmic Agent
Authors: Sugiyama Atsushi , Xue Yi-xue , Hagihara Atsushi , Saitoh Masaki , Hashimoto Keitaro 
Published: September 2020

Background Recently, intravenous magnesium therapy has been used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, but data to establish a causal link between the electrophysiological properties and the antiarrhythmic actions are lacking. Methods and Results The acute antiarrhythmic effect of magnesium sulfate was assessed using epinephrine-, digitalis-, and coronary ligation-induced canine ventricular arrhythmia models. The intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate (100 mg/kg) reduced the incidence of the ventricular arrhythmias of all models. The antiarrhythmic effect on the epinephrine-induced arrhythmia was potent and long-lasting, while those on the other arrhythmia models were weak and transient. The direct cardiovascular effects were assessed using the canine isolated, blood-perfused sinus node, papillary muscle, and atrioventricular node preparations. The intracoronary administration of magnesium sulfate (0.1–30 mg) suppressed sinoatrial automaticity and ventricular contraction, while it increased atrio-His and His-ventricular conduction time, coronary blood flow, and the duration of monophasic action potential in a dose-dependent manner. The effects on His-ventricular conduction and monophasic action potential duration were less potent compared with the other cardiovascular effects. Conclusion These results suggest that magnesium sulfate possesses multiple electrophysiological properties and that the effects related to the calcium channel inhibition may be the most relevant for the antiarrhythmic actions.
Primary total hip replacement using Burch-Schneider cages for acetabular fractures
Authors: Liaw Frank , Govilkar Siddharth , Banks Daniel , Kankanalu Pradeep , Youssef Bishoy , Lim Justin 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Osteoporotic acetabular fractures are common and pose a difficult technical challenge for the trauma surgeon. Acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) using a Burch-Schneider antiprotrusio cage with immediate postoperative weight-bearing is a method to approach these injuries. This case series reports our outcomes of acute THA using Burch-Schneider cages for acetabular fractures from a UK major trauma centre based on length of stay, radiological outcome, complications and outcome scores. Methods: Data were collected from all patients who underwent acute THA with a Burch-Schneider cage for acetabular fractures between June 2006 and August 2015. Patients were followed up clinically, radiologically, and using Oxford Hip Scores (OHS). Results: 20 patients with a median age of 73 (range 60–90 years) were identified. All patients were independent walkers at follow-up, and had achieved radiological union. There were no dislocations, subsidence, revision or deep infections. Significant complications include 1 perioperative death as a result of complications arising from pre-existing pulmonary fibrosis; 1 deep vein thrombosis; 1 intraoperative arterial injury to the superior gluteal artery; and 1 leg-length discrepancy. Mean length of stay was 10 days. The mean OHS was 37/48 at a mean follow-up of 26 months. Conclusions: This case series further validates the use of Burch-Schneider cages with primary THA in acute acetabular fractures.
A conservative approach to dislocation following total hip arthroplasty: a review of 8606 hips
Authors: Ogonda Luke , Cassidy Roslyn S , Beverland David E 
Published: September 2020

Patients and methods: We present the data on 8606 total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures carried out in 7818 patients through a posterior approach between 1998 and 2017. Results: 218 hips (2.5%) suffered at least 1 dislocation with dislocation rates declining from 6.2% from 1998 to 2002 to 1.5% from 2003 to 2017. Overall, 92 hips (1.06%) required revision surgery but of these, only 5 (0.06%) had a full revision of both components with the remaining 87 requiring intervention only on the acetabular side. None have had a pseudo-arthrosis; none were left dislocated and all remain stable to date. Conclusions: In patients who have a second dislocation within 3 months of their primary surgery we recommend a spica or long leg cylinder cast to reduce the need for revision surgery. We propose an algorithm to manage instability with less aggressive operative treatment in this often-elderly patient population with the potential for less physiological insult and significant cost savings.
Empowerment theory and prison-based dog training programs
Authors: Han Tyler M , Gandenberger Jaci , Flynn Erin , Sharma Jyoti , Morris Kevin N 
Published: September 2020

Summary Though a growing body of evidence supports the efficacy of prison-based dog training programs, research on the process of change or the underlying mechanisms of change for incarcerated individuals who participate in these programs is limited. This qualitative study used interviews with 21 dog program staff to examine the utility of empowerment theory as a theoretical framework for understanding mechanisms of change for participants in prison-based dog training programs. Findings Thematic analysis of interviews with program staff indicated that outcomes of prison-based dog training programs are consistent with constructs of empowerment theory. Reported outcomes were more aligned with individual-level empowerment; however, participation in these programs addressed some structural issues of power within the correctional institution. Analysis resulted in six themes: (1) finding purpose and meaning, (2) enhanced self-concept, (3) skill development, (4) greater perceived control, (5) increased community engagement, and (6) positive post-release outcomes. Applications The alignment of prison-based dog training program outcomes with constructs of empowerment theory suggests that positive outcomes may be related to empowering handlers, though human–animal interactions and positive reinforcement training were often mentioned by staff. Consequently, programs may benefit from using empowerment theory as a guiding framework in program design and training of program staff. Prison-based dog training programs may be of particular interest to social workers in correctional settings, as program features align with core social work values of social justice, dignity and worth of the person, and the importance of human relationships.
Satisfaction, utilization, and feasibility of a telehealth intervention for in-home dementia care support: A mixed methods study
Authors: Williams Kristine N , Shaw Clarissa A , Perkhounkova Yelena , Hein Maria , Coleman Carissa K 
Published: September 2020

Background Technology can enhance support for families caring for persons living with dementia but must be acceptable to be adopted. The FamTechCare clinical trial engaged caregivers in video recording care encounters that were reviewed by an expert panel who provided tailored feedback. The intervention reduced caregiver depression and improved caregiver competence. This mixed methods study reports on caregiver satisfaction and utilization of the intervention and expert panel evaluation of the intervention. Methods A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used to evaluate the satisfaction, usability, and feasibility of the FamTechCare intervention. In the multisite randomized controlled trial, caregiver-person living with dementia dyads were randomized to the FamTechCare video support or attention control telephone support groups. Caregivers completed a satisfaction survey at the completion of the 3-month trial. Utilization was evaluated using the number and duration of videos submitted and calls received by caregivers. Relationships between participant characteristics and their satisfaction and utilization were evaluated. Feasibility of the intervention was assessed through content analysis of interviews with the expert panel. Results The majority of caregivers in both groups reported benefits from participation. More FamTechCare caregivers found the interventionist support to be helpful ( p = 0.001) and effective ( p = 0.020) compared to attention control caregivers. FamTechCare caregivers of persons with more severe dementia were more likely to report that video recording intruded on their privacy ( p = 0.050). Caregiver age, gender, education, dyad relationship, rural status, and type and severity of dementia were not associated with ratings of acceptability, ease of use, or intervention utilization. The expert panel described the FamTechCare intervention as useful and identified adaptations to enhance feasibility. Conclusion Regardless of age, gender, and relationship, caregivers found the intervention acceptable and easy to use and rated the expert feedback as effective in addressing care challenges. Further adaptation may be needed for FamTechCare to be readily implemented.
The symptom experience of early and late treatment seekers before an atrial fibrillation diagnosis
Authors: Wilson Ryan E , Rush Kathy L , Reid R Colin , Laberge Carol G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation is a complex condition associated with a broad spectrum of symptoms, coupled with variability in the frequency, duration and severity of symptoms. Early treatment seeking is important to reduce the risk of stroke, heart failure and dementia. Despite the increasing prevalence, there remains a limited understanding of the symptom experience prior to an atrial fibrillation diagnosis, and how these experiences influence treatment-related decisions and time frames.AimsThis qualitative study aimed to explore the symptom experiences of patients receiving an early diagnosis of less than 48 hours and a late diagnosis of 48 hours or more after symptom awareness.MethodsTwenty-six adults were interviewed guided by the symptom experience model. The symptom checklist was used to probe patient’s symptoms further. Data were analysed using a two-step approach to thematic analysis utilising concepts from the symptom experience model.ResultsThe two groups differed in their perception, evaluation and response to symptoms. The early diagnosis group (n = 6) experienced traumatic, severe and persistent symptoms, evoking concern and urgent treatment seeking. Conversely, the late diagnosis group (n = 20) reported more vague, paroxysmal symptoms that were readily ignored, self-theorised as non-illness related, and engaged in non-treatment strategies. Healthy self-perceptions, past experiences, atrial fibrillation knowledge and healthcare provider interactions influenced early or late treatment seeking.ConclusionFor many, the atrial fibrillation pre-diagnosis was a tumultuous period, requiring prolonged periods to recognise symptoms and formulate treatment-seeking responses. This study may promote future research and strategies aimed at facilitating the early identification and response to symptoms among atrial fibrillation patients.
Endovascular treatment of pediatric ischemic stroke: A single center experience and review of the literature
Authors: Fragata Isabel , Morais Teresa , Silva Rita , Nunes Ana Paiva , Loureiro Petra , Diogo Martins José , Pamplona Jaime , Carvalho Rui , Baptista Mariana , Reis João 
Published: September 2020

Introduction Mechanical thrombectomy is standard treatment for large vessel occlusion (LVO) in adults. There are no randomized controlled trials for the pediatric population. We report our single-center experience with thrombectomy of LVO in a series of pediatric patients, and perform a review of the literature. Methods Retrospective review of consecutive pediatric thrombectomy cases between 2011 and 2018. Demographic variables, imaging data, technical aspects and clinical outcome were recorded. Results In a period of 7 years, 7 children were treated for LVO at our center. Median age was 13 (2–17), and median Ped-NIHSS was 15 (3–24), and the median ASPECTS was 8 (2–10). Five patients had cardiac disease, and 2 of them were under external cardiac assistance. Median time from onset of symptoms to beginning of treatment was 7h06m (2h58m–21h38m). Five patients had middle cerebral artery occlusions. Thrombectomy was performed using a stentriever in 3 patients, aspiration in 3 patients, and combined technique in 1 patient. Six patients had good recanalization (TICI 2 b/3). There were no immediate periprocedural complications. At 3 months, 4 patients (57%) were independent (mRS score <3). Two patients died, one after haemorrhagic transformation of an extensive MCA infarct, and one due to extensive brainstem ischemia in the setting of varicella vasculitis. Discussion Selected pediatric patients with LVO may be treated with mechanical thrombectomy safely. In patients under external cardiac assistance and under anticoagulation, thrombectomy is the only alternative for treatment of LVO. A multidisciplinary approach in specialized pediatric stroke centers with trained neurointerventionalists are essential for good results.
Comparison of drug-coated balloon angioplasty versus uncoated balloon angioplasty in treatment of total occlusions with severe femoropopliteal lesions: An additional analysis from the AcoArt I study
Authors: Sun Guoyi , Liu Jie , Jia Senhao , Zhang Jiwei , Zhuang Baixi , Jia Xin , Fu Weiguo , Wu Danming , Wang Feng , Zhao Yu , Guo Pingfan , Bi Wei , Wang Shenming , Guo Wei ,   for the AcoArt I Trial Investigators
Published: September 2020

Objectives Femoropopliteal chronic total occlusions are challenging to treat, and evidence of the effectiveness of drug-coated balloon angioplasty for long femoropopliteal chronic total occlusion lesions is limited. We compared the midterm outcomes of drug-coated balloon angioplasty versus plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) for femoropopliteal chronic total occlusions. Methods In total, 95 patients from the AcoArt I trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01850056) with ≥5-cm femoropopliteal chronic total occlusion lesions were enrolled in this post-hoc subset analysis (drug-coated balloon, n = 50; POBA, n = 45). The primary endpoints were primary patency and clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) at 24 months. The secondary endpoints were late lumen loss at six months and binary restenosis, major adverse events (composite of death and target limb amputation), change in the Rutherford class, and the ankle-brachial index at 24 months. Results Demographic, clinical, and lesion characteristics were matched (mean lesion length, 20 cm). The six-month late-lumen loss rate was lower in the drug-coated balloon than POBA group (0.18 ± 0.81 vs. 1.34 ± 0.94 mm, respectively; P < 0.001). The 24-month primary patency rate was significantly higher in the drug-coated balloon than POBA group (53.85% vs. 17.50%, respectively; P < 0.001). The CD-TLR rate in the drug-coated balloon and POBA groups was 12.77 and 45.24%, respectively ( P = 0.002). The 24-month overall mortality rate in the drug-coated balloon and POBA groups was 12.77% and 6.98%, respectively ( P = 0.360), with no device- or procedure-related deaths. One major amputation had occurred in each group by the 24-month follow-up. Conclusion The paclitaxel drug-coated balloon shows better primary patency and freedom from target lesion revascularization than POBA at 24month after treatment of femoropopliteal chronic total occlusions (≥5 cm) lesion.
Lost in Translation, Recovered in Conversation? Introducing Leadership's Social Media Profile
Authors: Tomkins Leah 
Published: September 2020

‘Twitter is not a technology, it’s a conversation. And it’s happening with or without you.’ 1 As Leadership takes its first steps into the realm of social media, we should think about why we are doing this and what we might hope to achieve. Far from being merely a decision about which platforms and tools to use to advertise our work, the establishment of a social media presence is a spur to reflect on the qualities of our relationships both within and beyond our community of authors, readers, reviewers and editors. In this essay, I link our approach to social media to broader concerns about the state of our discipline, our alienation from practice, and our responsibilities as both scholars and practitioners of leadership. Although framed in relation to social media, I hope these reflections have resonance for our involvement in social, political and institutional commentary more generally, even amongst those who have no interest in Twitter per se!