bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating microRNAs Associated With Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
Authors: Chen Shih‐Pin , Chang Yi‐An , Chou Chih‐Hung , Juan Chi‐Chang , Lee Hsin‐Chen , Chen Luen‐Kui , Wu Pei‐Chun , Wang Yen‐Feng , Fuh Jong‐Ling , Lirng Jiing‐Feng , Ducros Anne , Huang Hsien‐Da , Wang Shuu‐Jiun 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS).MethodsWe prospectively recruited 3 independent cohorts of patients with RCVS and age‐matched and sex‐matched controls in a single medical center. Next‐generation small RNA sequencing followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify and validate differentially expressed miRNAs, which was cross‐validated in migraine patients in ictal stage or interictal stage. Computational analysis was used to predict the target genes of miRNAs, followed by in vitro functional analysis.ResultsWe identified a panel of miRNAs including miR‐130a‐3p, miR‐130b‐3p, let‐7a‐5p, let‐7b‐5p, and let‐7f‐5p that well differentiated patients with RCVS from controls (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC] was 0.906, 0.890, and 0.867 in the 3 cohorts, respectively). The abundance of let‐7a‐5p, let‐7b‐5p, and let‐7f‐5p, but not miR‐130a‐3p nor miR‐130b‐3p, was significantly higher in patients with ictal migraine compared with that of controls and patients with interictal migraine. Target prediction and pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the transforming growth factor‐β signaling pathway and endothelin‐1 responsible for vasomotor control might link these miRNAs to RCVS pathogenesis, which was confirmed in vitro by transfecting miRNAs mimics or incubating the patients’ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 3 different vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, miR‐130a‐3p was associated with imaging‐proven disruption of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) in patients with RCVS and its overexpression led to reduced transendothelial electrical resistance (ie, increased permeability) in in vitro human BBB model.InterpretationWe identified the circulating miRNA signatures associated with RCVS, which may be functionally linked to its headache, BBB integrity, and vasomotor function. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:459–473
Greater Somatosensory Afference With Acupuncture Increases Primary Somatosensory Connectivity and Alleviates Fibromyalgia Pain via Insular γ‐Aminobutyric Acid: A Randomized Neuroimaging Trial
Authors: Mawla Ishtiaq , Ichesco Eric , Zöllner Helge J. , Edden Richard A. E. , Chenevert Thomas , Buchtel Henry , Bretz Meagan D. , Sloan Heather , Kaplan Chelsea M. , Harte Steven E. , Mashour George A. , Clauw Daniel J. , Napadow Vitaly , Harris Richard E. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveAcupuncture is a complex multicomponent treatment that has shown promise in the treatment of fibromyalgia (FM). However, clinical trials have shown mixed results, possibly due to heterogeneous methodology and lack of understanding of the underlying mechanism of action. The present study was undertaken to understand the specific contribution of somatosensory afference to improvements in clinical pain, and the specific brain circuits involved.MethodsSeventy‐six patients with FM were randomized to receive either electroacupuncture (EA), with somatosensory afference, or mock laser acupuncture (ML), with no somatosensory afference, twice a week over 8 treatments. Patients with FM in each treatment group were assessed for pain severity levels, measured using Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) scores, and for levels of functional brain network connectivity, assessed using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the right anterior insula, before and after treatment.ResultsFibromyalgia patients who received EA therapy experienced a greater reduction in pain severity, as measured by the BPI, compared to patients who received ML therapy (mean difference in BPI from pre‐ to posttreatment was −1.14 in the EA group versus −0.46 in the ML group; P for group × time interaction = 0.036). Participants receiving EA treatment, as compared to ML treatment, also exhibited resting functional connectivity between the primary somatosensory cortical representation of the leg (S1leg; i.e. primary somatosensory subregion activated by EA) and the anterior insula. Increased S1leg–anterior insula connectivity was associated with both reduced levels of pain severity as measured by the BPI (r = −0.44, P = 0.01) and increased levels of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA+) in the anterior insula (r = 0.48, P = 0.046) following EA therapy. Moreover, increased levels of GABA+ in the anterior insula were associated with reduced levels of pain severity as measured by the BPI (r = −0.59, P = 0.01). Finally, post–EA treatment changes in levels of GABA+ in the anterior insula mediated the relationship between changes in S1leg–anterior insula connectivity and pain severity on the BPI (bootstrap confidence interval −0.533, −0.037).ConclusionThe somatosensory component of acupuncture modulates primary somatosensory functional connectivity associated with insular neurochemistry to reduce pain severity in FM.
The Pretreatment Gut Microbiome Is Associated With Lack of Response to Methotrexate in New‐Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Artacho Alejandro , Isaac Sandrine , Nayak Renuka , Flor‐Duro Alejandra , Alexander Margaret , Koo Imhoi , Manasson Julia , Smith Philip B. , Rosenthal Pamela , Homsi Yamen , Gulko Percio , Pons Javier , Puchades‐Carrasco Leonor , Izmirly Peter , Patterson Andrew , Abramson Steven B. , Pineda‐Lucena Antonio , Turnbaugh Peter J. , Ubeda Carles , Scher Jose U. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveAlthough oral methotrexate (MTX) remains the anchor drug for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), up to 50% of patients do not achieve a clinically adequate outcome. In addition, there is a lack of prognostic tools for treatment response prior to drug initiation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether interindividual differences in the human gut microbiome can aid in the prediction of MTX efficacy in new‐onset RA.MethodsWe performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing on the baseline gut microbiomes of drug‐naive patients with new‐onset RA (n = 26). Results were validated in an additional independent cohort (n = 21). To gain insight into potential microbial mechanisms, we conducted ex vivo experiments coupled with metabolomics analysis to evaluate the association between microbiome‐driven MTX depletion and clinical response.ResultsOur analysis revealed significant associations of the abundance of gut bacterial taxa and their genes with future clinical response (q < 0.05), including orthologs related to purine and MTX metabolism. Machine learning techniques were applied to the metagenomic data, resulting in a microbiome‐based model that predicted lack of response to MTX in an independent group of patients. Finally, MTX levels remaining after ex vivo incubation with distal gut samples from pretreatment RA patients significantly correlated with the magnitude of future clinical response, suggesting a possible direct effect of the gut microbiome on MTX metabolism and treatment outcomes.ConclusionTaken together, these findings are the first step toward predicting lack of response to oral MTX in patients with new‐onset RA and support the value of the gut microbiome as a possible prognostic tool and as a potential target in RA therapeutics.
Association of image‐defined risk factors with clinical features, histopathology, and outcomes in neuroblastoma
Authors: Temple William C. , Vo Kieuhoa T. , Matthay Katherine K. , Balliu Brunilda , Coleman Christina , Michlitsch Jennifer , Phelps Andrew , Behr Spencer , Zapala Matthew A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical, molecular, and histopathologic features guide treatment for neuroblastoma, but obtaining tumor tissue may cause complications and is subject to sampling error due to tumor heterogeneity. We hypothesized that image‐defined risk factors (IDRFs) would reflect molecular features, histopathology, and clinical outcomes in neuroblastoma.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 76 patients with neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma. Diagnostic CT scans were reviewed for 20 IDRFs, which were consolidated into five IDRF groups (involvement of multiple body compartments, vascular encasement, tumor infiltration of adjacent organs/structures, airway compression, or intraspinal extension). IDRF groups were analyzed for association with clinical, molecular, and histopathologic features of neuroblastoma.ResultsPatients with more IDRF groups had a higher risk of surgical complications (OR = 3.1, p = 0.001). Tumor vascular encasement was associated with increased risk of surgical complications (OR = 5.40, p = 0.009) and increased risk of undifferentiated/poorly differentiated histologic grade (OR = 11.11, p = 0.013). Tumor infiltration of adjacent organs and structures was associated with decreased survival (HR = 8.90, p = 0.007), MYCN amplification (OR = 9.91, p = 0.001), high MKI (OR = 6.20, p = 0.003), and increased risk of International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage 4 disease (OR = 8.96, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe presence of IDRFs at diagnosis was associated with high‐risk clinical, molecular, and histopathologic features of neuroblastoma. The IDRF group tumor infiltration into adjacent organs and structures was associated with decreased survival. Collectively, these findings may assist surgical planning and medical management for neuroblastoma patients.
High fidelity modeling of aerosol pathogen propagation in built environments with moving pedestrians
Authors: Löhner Rainald , Antil Harbir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA high fidelity model for the propagation of pathogens via aerosols in the presence of moving pedestrians is proposed. The key idea is the tight coupling of computational fluid dynamics and computational crowd dynamics in order to capture the emission, transport and inhalation of pathogen loads in space and time. An example simulating pathogen propagation in a narrow corridor with moving pedestrians clearly shows the considerable effect that pedestrian motion has on airflow, and hence on pathogen propagation and potential infectivity.
Cyst formation in the subchondral bone following cartilage repair
Authors: Gao Liang , Cucchiarini Magali , Madry Henning 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSubchondral bone cysts represent an early postoperative sign associated with many articular cartilage repair procedures. They may be defined as an abnormal cavity within the subchondral bone in close proximity of a treated cartilage defect with a possible communication to the joint cavity in the absence of osteoarthritis. Two synergistic mechanisms of subchondral cyst formation, the theory of internal upregulation of local proinflammatory factors, and the external hydraulic theory, are proposed to explain their occurrence. This review describes subchondral bone cysts in the context of articular cartilage repair to improve investigations of these pathological changes. It summarizes their epidemiology in both preclinical and clinical settings with a focus on individual cartilage repair procedures, examines an algorithm for subchondral bone analysis, elaborates on the underlying mechanism of subchondral cyst formation, and condenses the clinical implications and perspectives on subchondral bone cyst formation in cartilage repair.
RETRACTED: Effect of adding Aloe vera jell on the quality and sensory properties of yogurt
Authors: Ikram Ali , Qasim Raza Syed , Saeed Farhan , Afzaal Muhammad , Munir Haroon , Ahmed Aftab , Babar Bin Zahid Muhammad , Muhammad Anjum Faqir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study was planned to investigate the effect of replacing milk fat with aloe vera gel addition on yogurt quality. Purposely, yogurt was prepared with different concentration of aloe vera gel and coded as AGY0, = Control (3.5% fat and no AG), AGY1 = (1% fat and 1% AG), AGY2 = (1% fat and 2% AG), AGY3 = (1% fat and 3% AG), AGY4 = (2% fat and 1% AG), AGY5 = (2% fat and 2% AG), and AGY6 = (2% fat and 3% AG). Aloe vera gel yogurt was analyzed for physicochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics with defined interval (0, 7th, 14th, and 21st) days. All attributes of the yogurt were significantly (0.05) affected by the addition of aloe vera gel. Results showed that the pH (4.6–4.05), viscosity (46.4–4.3), WHC (32.8%–26.1%), fat (0.9%–3.48%), protein (3.14%–3.36%), lactose (4.07%–4.23%), ash (0.48%–0.63%), total solids (11.08%–17.18%), SNF (7.69‐l5.21%), and TPC (2.36 × 107 to 1.02 × 107 CFU/ml) values of yogurt samples decreased with storage time. However, acidity and syneresis of yogurt increased with the passage of time ranging from 1.12%–1.67% and 0.9–5 ml, respectively. In conclusion, aloe vera improved the texture of the yogurt which leads to higher consumer acceptability. Addition of 3% aloe vera to 1% fat (AGY3) containing buffalo milk yogurt was found to best for physicochemical as well as organoleptic characteristics as well as organoleptic characteristics.
Fermented‐Rhus verniciflua extract ameliorate Helicobacter pylori eradication rate and gastritis
Authors: Kim Seungwoo , Shin Suk Pyo , Kim Seul Ki , Ham Young Lim , Choi Han Seok , Kim Myong Jo , Han Sang Hak , Suk Ki Tae 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn antibacterial effect of fermented‐Rhus verniciflua extract (FRVE), an urushiol‐free extract fermented by Fomitella fraxinea, on Helicobacter pylori was evaluated in mice. Minimal inhibitory concentration of FRVE against H. pylori eradication was checked with serial dilution method in vitro. H. pylori infection‐induced mice were utilized to determine the effect of oral administration of FRVE with/without standard triple therapy (STT: metronidazole, omeprazole, and clarithromycin) on H. pylori colonization and gastric inflammation. H. pylori was clearly eradicated by FRVE at a concentration of ≥2 mg/ml in vitro. In animal study, FRVE at a concentration of ≥6 mg/ml significantly reduced colonized H. pylori grading (0.2 vs. 2.2, p < .01) and improved gastric inflammation (0.4 vs. 1.6, p < .01) compared to control. STT with FRVE (3 mg/ml) exerted synergistic effect on both H. pylori colonization grade (STT, 0.6 ± 0.9; FRVE, 1.4 ± 0.5; STT + FRVE, 0.8 ± 0.4) and gastric inflammation (STT, 0.4 ± 0.5; FRVE, 1.4 ± 0.5; STT + FRVE,1.0 ± 0.1) compared with single therapy (p < .01). H. pylori eradication rate of FRVE (6 mg/ml) was higher than that of STT (60% vs. 20%). FRVE has potential antibacterial activity against H. pylori infection and can be used as an additional therapy on STT.
RETRACTED: Exploring the amino acid profile and microbial properties of locally sweet preserved kachra hareer (Terminalia chebula)
Authors: Ikram Ali , Saeed Farhan , Munir Haroon , Sultan Muhammad Tauseef , Afzaal Muhammad , Ahmed Aftab , Anjum Faqir Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe current research was designed to determine the amino acid profile and microbial properties of kachra hareer. For the purpose, kachra hareer was purchased with their brand names coded as S1, S2, S3, and S4 from five towns named as L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5. The samples were analyzed for their amino acid profile and microbial properties, while the water and alcohol extractive values were analyzed to obtain the different levels of purity during processing. The results explained that physicochemical analyses, that is, pH, moisture, acidity, and vitamin C, ranged from 4.67% to 9.44%, 22% to 40%, 0.054% to 1.44%, and 7.67% to 19.36%, respectively. However, essential amino acids histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, and valine ranged from 470.3 to 484.5, 516.1 to 527.5, 805.5 to 817.4, 910.1 to 922.5, 240.2 to 250.5, 508.2 to 518.2, 1,160.5 to 1,172.6, 466.9 to 476.3, and 502.5 to 513.4 mg/kg, respectively, whereas nonessential amino acids alanine, arginine, aspartic acid cysteine, glutamic acid, serine, tyrosine, and glycine ranged from 612.7 to 628.2, 1,212.3 to 1,225.9, 7,254.2 to 7,258.8, ND, 1,561.2 to 1,575.2, 634.8 to 648.9, 618.4 to 630.4, and 712.8 to 723.7 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusively, sample S2 showed the maximum nutritional content and minimum microbial load.
Critical concepts and management recommendations for cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma: A consensus‐based position paper from the Italian Group of Cutaneous Lymphoma
Authors: Zinzani Pier Luigi , Quaglino Pietro , Violetti Silvia Alberti , Cantonetti Maria , Goteri Gaia , Onida Francesco , Paulli Marco , Rupoli Serena , Barosi Giovanni , Pimpinelli Nicola 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a review of critical concepts, and produce recommendations on management issues in cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCLs) of adults. A panel of nine experts was selected for their expertise in research and clinical practice of CTCLs. During an initial meeting, the areas of major concern in the management of CTCLs were selected by generating and rank‐ordering clinical key questions using the criterion of clinical relevance, through group discussion. Recommendations were achieved by multiple‐step formalized procedures to reach a consensus after a comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature. The panel produced recommendations on how to facilitate the clinical suspicion of CTCL; indication of cutaneous biopsy; optimal histological diagnosis, immunohistochemistry and genetic markers; and staging pathway and up‐to‐date therapeutics (with particular focus on new treatments). The critical concept of integration of the different medical expertise in the management of the patients with CTCL was thoroughly examined. These recommendations are intended for use not only by expert centers but above all by "not experienced" dermatologists and hematologists as well as general practitioners.
Woody buffer effects on water temperature: The role of spatial configuration and daily temperature fluctuations
Authors: Kail Jochem , Palt Martin , Lorenz Armin , Hering Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWater temperature is a key driver for riverine biota and strongly depends on shading by woody riparian vegetation in summer. While the general effects of shading on daily maximum water temperature Tmax are well understood, knowledge gaps on the role of the spatial configuration still exist. In this study, the effect of riparian buffer length, width, and canopy cover (percentage of buffer area covered by woody vegetation) on Tmax was investigated during summer baseflow using data measured in seven small lowland streams in western Germany (wetted width 0.8–3.7 m). The effect of buffer length on Tmax differed between downstream cooling and heating: Tmax approached cooler equilibrium conditions after a distance of 0.4 km (~45 min travel‐time) downstream of a sharp increase in canopy cover. In contrast, Tmax continued to rise downstream of a sharp decrease in canopy cover along the whole 1.6 km stream length investigated. The effect of woody vegetation on Tmax depended on buffer width, with changes in canopy cover in a 10 m wide buffer being a better predictor for changes in Tmax compared to a 30 m buffer. The effect of woody vegetation on Tmax was linearly related to canopy cover but also depended on daily temperature range Trange, which itself was governed by cloudiness, upstream canopy cover, and season. The derived empirical relationship indicated that Tmax was reduced by −4.6°C and increased by +2.7°C downstream of a change from unshaded to fully shaded conditions and vice versa. This maximum effect was predicted for a 10 m wide buffer at sunny days in early summer, in streams with large diel fluctuations (large Trange). Therefore, even narrow woody riparian buffers may substantially reduce the increase in Tmax due to climate change, especially in small shallow headwater streams with low baseflow discharge and large daily temperature fluctuations.
Effects of low‐molecular‐weight heparin and aspirin in recurrent pre‐eclampsia: A stratified cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Shen Fangrong , Yang Weiwen , Wang Juan , Zhou Jinhua , Chen Youguo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) combined with low‐dose aspirin (LDA) in pregnant women with a history of pregnancy‐related hypertensive disorders.MethodsIn the current retrospective stratified cohort study, 33 women with previous hypertensive disorders of pregnancy treated with LMWH and LDA were compared with 37 control women who did not undergo LMWH or LDA treatment. Rates of pre‐eclampsia recurrence, placental abruption, and other adverse outcomes for the fetuses and pregnant women were compared in the two groups.ResultsThe pre‐eclampsia recurrence rates were 12/33 (36.4%) in the LMWH + LDA group and 28/37 (75.7%) in the control group (P < 0.01). In stratified cohort analysis, pregnant women with a history of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia, a body mass index of at least 24 (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), and aged less than 35 years benefited from LMWH + LDA treatment. In women with chronic hypertension or a history of placental abruption there was no protective effect. There were no significant differences in other adverse outcomes such as placental abruption and small size for gestational age in fetuses or pregnant women in the two groups.ConclusionAdministration of LMWH + LDA only lowered the risk of pre‐eclampsia recurrence in subgroups of pregnant women with a history of pregnancy‐associated hypertensive disorders.
Characterizing thrombus with multiple red blood cell compositions by optical coherence tomography attenuation coefficient
Authors: Liu Hsiao‐Chuan , Abbasi Mehdi , Ding Yong Hong , Polley Eric C. , Fitzgerald Seán , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F. , Brinjikji Waleed , Urban Matthew W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEmbolectomy is one of the emergency procedures performed to remove emboli. Assessing the composition of human blood clots is an important diagnostic factor and could provide guidance for an appropriate treatment strategy for interventional physicians. Immunostaining has been used to identity compositions of clots as a gold‐standard procedure, but it is time‐consuming and cannot be performed in situ. Here, we proposed that the optical attenuation coefficient of optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be a reliable indicator as a new imaging modality to differentiate clot compositions. Fifteen human blood clots with multiple red blood cell (RBC) compositions from 21% to 95% were prepared using healthy human whole blood. A homogeneous gelatin phantom experiment and numerical simulation based on the Lambert–Beer's law were examined to verify the validity of the attenuation coefficient estimation. The results displayed that optical attenuation coefficients were strongly correlated with RBC compositions. We reported that attenuation coefficients could be a promising biomarker to guide the choice of an appropriate interventional device in a clinical setting and assist in characterizing blood clots.
Improving the image quality in STED nanoscopy using frequency spectrum modulation
Authors: Wang Jialin , Wang Luwei , Zhang Jia , Yang Zhigang , Yan Wei , Qu Junle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy was invented in 1994, this technique has been widely used in the fields of biomedicine and materials science. According to the imaging principle of STED technology, increasing the power of the depletion laser within a certain threshold can improve the resolution. However, it will cause not only severe photo‐damage to the samples and photo‐bleaching to the fluorophores but also serious background noise, leading to the degeneration of the quality of STED images. Here we propose a new processing method based on frequency spectrum modulation to improve the quality of STED images, abbreviated as FM‐STED. We have demonstrated the performance of FM‐STED in improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the resolution using fluorescent beads and biological cells as samples.