bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new wave of Shakespeare lexicography (with special reference to LSP dictionaries)
Authors: Karpova Olga M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with a description of new specialized Shakespeare reference books belonging to English cultural heritage lexicography (dictionaries of characters, quotations, proverbs, guides, companions). The main accent is made on LSP titles published by Arden Shakespeare Dictionaries, describing terminology of different subject fields found in Shakespeare’s works: economics, medicine, politics, philosophy, visual arts, religion, music, etc., where Shakespeare is known to be a professional. The article also covers needs and demands of LSP dictionaries target audience (theatre, cinema producers) and shows perspectives of the digital future of Shakespeare lexicography.
Adaptive Mathematical Morphology on Irregularly Sampled Signals in Two Dimensions
Authors: Asplund Teo , Luengo Hendriks Cris L. , Thurley Matthew J. , Strand Robin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a way of better approximating continuous, two-dimensional morphology in the discrete domain, by allowing for irregularly sampled input and output signals. We generalize previous work to allow for a greater variety of structuring elements, both flat and non-flat. Experimentally we show improved results over regular, discrete morphology with respect to the approximation of continuous morphology. It is also worth noting that the number of output samples can often be reduced without sacrificing the quality of the approximation, since the morphological operators usually generate output signals with many plateaus, which, intuitively do not need a large number of samples to be correctly represented. Finally, the paper presents some results showing adaptive morphology on irregularly sampled signals.
GABRD promotes progression and predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Niu Gengming , Deng Li , Zhang Xiaotian , Hu Zhiqing , Han Shanliang , Xu Ke , Hong Runqi , Meng He , Ke Chongwei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Little is known about the functional roles of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta (GABRD) in colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression of GABRD between CRCs and adjacent normal tissues (NTs), metastasis and primary tumors was compared using public transcriptomic datasets. A tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) were used to determine the clinical and prognostic significance of the GABRD in CRC. We used gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments to investigate the in vitro roles of GABRD in cultured CRC cells. We characterized the potential mechanism of GABRD’s activities in CRC using a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) with The Cancer Genome Atlas Colon Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-COAD) dataset. We found that the GABRD expression was significantly increased in CRCs compared to that in NTs, but was similar between metastasis and primary tumors. Overexpression of GABRD was significantly associated with later pTNM stages and unfavorable patient survival. Overexpression of GABRD accelerated while knock-down of GABRD inhibited cell growth and migration. Mechanistically, the function of GABRD might be ascribed to its influence on major oncogenic events such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and hedgehog signaling. Collectively, GABRD could be a novel prognostic predictor for CRC that deserves further investigation.
Domesticated mammoths: Mythic and material in Nenets verbal tradition onya’ xora
Authors: Lukin Karina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article discusses language materialities and the Otherworld through the findings of mammoth remains and text-artifacts representing Nenets verbal art. The remains and verbal art are read together as a network of mythic knowledge that forms a semiotic whole, where different signs interact and create potentials for new significations. The article aims to open up a web of relations in which materialities of differing ages and durabilities meet and affect each other through their semiotic potentialities. The materialities operate on several levels of signification, ranging from basic metaphors for mammoths to larger regimes that organize the signification. Consequently, mythic knowledge concerns worlds that are, on the one hand, imperceptible but, on the other, sensible through narration and imagination in terms of materialities. The key material elements of the mythic knowledge are tainted by the narration, such that they cannot be considered without the mythic qualities. In addition, the knowledge concerning the world affects Nenets rituals and ways of dwelling.
Roles, ethics and lawyers’ reactions: An ethnographic study of interpreters’ role performance in interpreted lawyer-client interviews
Authors: Xu Han 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study explores interpreters’ role performance, lawyers’ reactions to interpreters’ performance, and the perceptions and expectations of the interpreter role among these two groups of professionals. It adopts an ethnographic approach to generate data from observations made in Australia of 20 authentic interpreted lawyer-client interviews and post-observation interviews with the lawyers and the interpreters respectively. The study shows that interpreters are very active participants in lawyer-client interviews, as manifested in their various forms of intervention and in their adoption of roles not stipulated in their professional ethics. The interpreters’ active performance of their role relates to their perception of their function, their understanding of the relevant communicative tasks, their assumptions about lawyer’s professional needs, and their previous interpreting experience. While lawyers strongly supported an understanding of the interpreter role as “impartial and faithful” and spoke against certain types of interpreter interference, such as interpreters using summarisation, yet in actual practice, very few lawyers were observed to question or stop interpreters’ interference, and the lawyers’ inaction may in fact be partly responsible for the interpreters’ adoption of additional roles. These findings have implications for the professional development of interpreters and for lawyers in how to conduct effective interpreted legal interviews.
Engineering photonic environments for two-dimensional materials
Authors: Ma Xuezhi , Youngblood Nathan , Liu Xiaoze , Cheng Yan , Cunha Preston , Kudtarkar Kaushik , Wang Xiaomu , Lan Shoufeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A fascinating photonic platform with a small device scale, fast operating speed, as well as low energy consumption is two-dimensional (2D) materials, thanks to their in-plane crystalline structures and out-of-plane quantum confinement. The key to further advancement in this research field is the ability to modify the optical properties of the 2D materials. The modifications typically come from the materials themselves, for example, altering their chemical compositions. This article reviews a comparably less explored but promising means, through engineering the photonic surroundings. Rather than modifying materials themselves, this means manipulates the dielectric and metallic environments, both uniform and nanostructured, that directly interact with the materials. For 2D materials that are only one or a few atoms thick, the interaction with the environment can be remarkably efficient. This review summarizes the three degrees of freedom of this interaction: weak coupling, strong coupling, and multifunctionality. In addition, it reviews a relatively timing concept of engineering that directly applied to the 2D materials by patterning. Benefiting from the burgeoning development of nanophotonics, the engineering of photonic environments provides a versatile and creative methodology of reshaping light–matter interaction in 2D materials.
Subwavelength sorting of full-color based on anti-Hermitian metasurfaces
Authors: Kim Seong Jun , Lee Changhyun , Jeon Sangtae , Park Junghyun , Kim Soo Jin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Splitting the spectrum of incident light at nanoscale has been of great scientific and practical interest due to its potential application in various optical sensors. For many years, researchers have been striving to realize the full-color sorting of light at subwavelength scale, while keeping the loss of incident photons to a minimum. In this article, we present semiconductor-based metasurfaces that facilitate the efficient sorting of full-color by inducing anti-Hermitian coupling between multiple nanoantenna arrays. To achieve this, we first explore how the coherent interactions between maximally crafted nanoantennas in the metasurfaces can be effectively controlled by judiciously positioning them in both lateral and vertical directions, which leads to the switched coupling of light at each target position. Based on the analysis, we demonstrate a metasurface-based absorber that features efficient, spectropolarimetric detections over the entire visible spectrum, ranging from 470 to 630 nm. In addition, the metasurface detects relatively narrow spectral linewidth of 60 nm and shows the sensitivity up to 70%, which surpasses the previous works on subwavelength photon sorting or color filter-based detection system. We envision that our approach provides guidelines for realizing the metasurfaces with enhanced functionalities, that is the increase of spectral channels for detection in a given subwavelength-scaled unit cell.
Disorder effects in nitride semiconductors: impact on fundamental and device properties
Authors: Weisbuch Claude , Nakamura Shuji , Wu Yuh-Renn , Speck James S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSemiconductor structures used for fundamental or device applications most often incorporate alloy materials. In “usual” or “common” III–V alloys, based on the InGaAsP or InGaAlAs material systems, the effects of compositional disorder on the electronic properties can be treated in a perturbative approach. This is not the case in the more recent nitride-based GaInAlN alloys, where the potential changes associated with the various atoms induce strong localization effects, which cannot be described perturbatively. Since the early studies of these materials and devices, disorder effects have indeed been identified to play a major role in their properties. Although many studies have been performed on the structural characterization of materials, on intrinsic electronic localization properties, and on the impact of disorder on device operation, there are still many open questions on all these topics. Taking disorder into account also leads to unmanageable problems in simulations. As a prerequisite to address material and device simulations, a critical examination of experiments must be considered to ensure that one measures intrinsic parameters as these materials are difficult to grow with low defect densities. A specific property of nitride semiconductors that can obscure intrinsic properties is the strong spontaneous and piezoelectric fields. We outline in this review the remaining challenges faced when attempting to fully describe nitride-based material systems, taking the examples of LEDs. The objectives of a better understanding of disorder phenomena are to explain the hidden phenomena often forcing one to use ad hoc parameters, or additional poorly defined concepts, to make simulations agree with experiments. Finally, we describe a novel simulation tool based on a mathematical breakthrough to solve the Schrödinger equation in disordered potentials that facilitates 3D simulations that include alloy disorder.
The crystal structure of 3-chloropropionic acid, C3H5ClO2
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C3H5ClO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.2011(4) Å, b = 7.4362(4) Å, c = 24.1175(15) Å, β = 94.594(3)°, V = 929.78(10) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0333, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0795, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of 3-chloropropylammonium chloride, C3H9Cl2N
Authors: Muller Kina , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
C3H9Cl2N, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 8.7694(5) Å, b = 9.6963(6) Å, c = 14.8577(9) Å, β = 98.266(3)°, V = 1250.24(13) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0193, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0511, T = 200 K.
Measurement and interpretation of spatially registered bar-forces in LC refining
Authors: Aigner Matthias , Olson James , Wild Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA high resolution rotary encoder and a piezo electric force sensor are implemented in a 16-inch laboratory-scale low consistency refiner to explore the effect of plate gaps on bar-force profiles. The sensor replaces a short length of a stator bar and measures normal and shear forces applied during the passage of each rotor bar. The rotary encoder data is used to locate the rotor bars relative to the stator bar in which the sensor is located. Previous work with this type of force sensor focuses primarily on the distribution of the maximum force measured during the passage of each rotor bar over the sensor orbar passing event, BPE. In this work, force profiles for bar passing events are registered to the position of rotor bars relative to the stator bar in which the sensor is located. These registered force profiles are measured for a range of plate gaps and two different pulp furnishes. The angular reference provided by the encoder makes it possible to generate mean force profiles. As force data for individual BPEs is highly variable, these mean force profiles have potential to shed light on the fundamental mechanisms of mechanical refining. For large gaps, there is alate peakin the force profiles that occurs toward the end of the bar passing event. For gaps that are less than thecritical gap, below which fiber cutting occurs, there is anearly peakin the force profiles that occurs at the start of the bar passing event. It is hypothesized that the early peak represents thecorner forceand, therefore, that corner force is causal in the onset of fiber cutting. To explore this hypothesis, a model is presented connecting corner force and friction force to the progression geometric variables during the bar passing event such as the bar edge length engaged at any point in the bar passing event and the area covered by the rotor bar on the force sensor at any point in the bar passing event.
The Taxation of Industrial Foundations in Sweden (1862–2018)
Authors: Johansson Dan , Stenkula Mikael , Wykman Niklas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt has been argued that the Swedish tax system has favored firm control through industrial foundations, which should have inhibited entrepreneurship and economic growth. However, research has been hampered because of a lack of systematic historical tax data. The purpose of this study is to describe the evolution of tax rules for industrial foundations in Sweden between 1862 and 2018 and to calculate the marginal effective tax rate (METR) on capital income. The results show that the METR for an equity-financed investment is typically below 20% and occasionally peaks at approximately 40%. When the requirement that industrial foundations have to donate the bulk of capital income (less capital gains) for charitable purposes is treated as a tax, the METR is seldom below 50% when financing investments with new share issues and often exceeds 100%.
Adoption of agricultural practices with climate smart agriculture potentials and food security among farm households in northern Nigeria
Authors: Oyawole Funminiyi Peter , Dipeolu Adewale Oladapo , Shittu Adebayo Musediku , Obayelu Abiodun Elijah , Fabunmi Thomas Oladeji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite the conceptual promise and attractiveness of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) in ensuring farmers’ resilience and food security, empirical evidence of its success are observed to be scanty and mixed in terms of results, thus prompting further research. In this article, we analyzed the effect of adopting six Agricultural Practices with CSA Potentials (AP-CSAPs) on food security status using recent cross-sectional data on 238 maize farmers from Northern Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Probit regression. The results showed that 92.4% of the maize farmers were male, with a mean age and household size of 44 years and nine persons, respectively. We find that 37.0% of the farm households were food insecure, and adoption of the AP-CSAPs was generally low. However, while refuse retention and agroforestry influenced food security, the remaining four practices considered did not. In addition, we find that land fragmentation, off-farm income and age influence the likelihood of being food secure. We recommend further research on the medium- to long-term effects of AP-CSAPs and suggest that policies aimed at consolidating landholdings to promote monocropping among rural farmers be discouraged.
Influence of low-fracture-fiber mechanism on fiber/melt-flow behavior and tensile properties of ultra-long-glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites injection molding
Authors: Huang Po-Wei , Peng Hsin-Shu , Hwang Sheng-Jye , Huang Chao-Tsai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, an injection molding machine with a low-fracture-fiber mechanism was designed with three stages: a plasticizing stage, an injection stage, and a packing stage. The fiber-fracture behavior is observed under the screw (plasticizing stage) of low-compression/shear ratio for the ultra-long fiber during the molding process. The molding material employed in this study was 25-mm-ultra-long-glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP/U-LGF). In addition, a thickness of 3 mm and a width of 12 mm spiral-flow-mold were constructed for studying the melt flow length and flow-length ratio through an experiment. The experimental results showed that the use of an injection molding machine with a three-stage mechanism decreased the fiber length when the screw speed was increased. On average, each fiber was shortened by 50% (>15 mm on average) from its original length of 25 mm. Longer glass fibers were more resistant to melt filling, and as the fiber length was reduced, the mixing between the melt and glass fibers was improved. Thus, the melt fluidity and fiber ratios were increased. In addition, the mixing/flow direction of the melt had an impact on the dispersion and arrangement of glass fibers, thus the tensile strength of PP/U-LGF increased.
The Gel, the Colour, and the Complexing Agent: An Investigation of a Rigid Gel Application of Benzotriazole for Verdigris-Damaged Paper
Authors: Humenuck Leah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this research was an investigation into creating a rigid gel application of benzotriazole (BTA), a complexing agent, as a new potential way of treating verdigris-damaged paper. Various gel recipes were mixed and tested on historical samples. The gel recipes varied in gellan gel concentration, BTA/solvent solution concentration, and BTA concentration. The recipe effectiveness was assessed using Hulthe’s indicator paper and MQuant™ Test Cu indicator strips, two types of indicator papers which detect free copper ions. The results showed that rigid gel application of BTA is effective in complexing the copper ions which may inhibit further damage to the paper caused by free copper ions. Some of the other effects of the gel were the simultaneous removal of paper discolouration by the gel. Further research is needed to refine the gel recipes as well as the treatment process to prevent or reduce potential tidelines and other possible negative side-effects of gel treatment.
The Colour of Pine Needles and Nightingales. A Traditional Japanese Copper-based Green Pigment
Authors: Plate Maria Katharina , Eyb-Green Sigrid , Baatz Wolfgang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe article describes a historic Japanese green pigment which was identified in a painting attributed to the Kano school, dating to the Edo period. According to literature, malachite – which is the common translation of the Japanese termrokushō –has been the most widely used green pigment in Japan over a long period of time. Its colour shade could be modified by the use of different degrees of grinding and by heating the pigment. The green paint layer found in the painting was examined using XRF, SEM-EDS and XRPD, and cross sections. Examinations revealed a heterogeneous paint layer which consists of a mixture of various natural copper-containing minerals, some of which also contain arsenic and other elements. A concluding discussion of pigment nomenclature in Japan raises the question ifrokushōmay in fact be equated with pure malachite.
Moral Context, Moral Complicity And Ethical Theory
Authors: Hartner Daniel F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the dominant traditions in normative ethics is characterised by the attempt to develop a comprehensive moral theory that can distinguish right from wrong in a range of cases by drawing on a philosophical account of the good. Familiar versions of consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics have emerged from this tradition. Yet such theories often seem to lack the resources needed to evaluate the broader contexts in which moral dilemmas arise, which may cause them to encourage moral complicity. Context-insensitive complicity of this sort receives surprisingly little direct philosophical attention, despite its being a ubiquitous concern for ordinary moral agents and despite the threat it poses to this form of ethical theorising. The present paper sketches the problem more formally and canvasses some leading responses before locating its source in the implicit distinction between moral and non-moral domains at the root of much traditional normative theorising.
In Search of the Context of a Question
Authors: Strandberg Hugo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow is the role of context in moral philosophy to be understood? Why is the consideration of context important here? This paper is a small contribution to answering these questions. The kind of context that is in focus does not help us answer moral questions but is essential for understanding what kind of moral question arises – indeed, if any question arises at all. For whom does the question arise? What form does the question have for him or her? What relation does the person for whom it arises have to the events in the example as described by the philosopher? In considering such issues, the importance of thinking from an existentially and morally engaged perspective becomes evident.
Wendt versus Pollock: Toward visual semiotics in the discipline of IR theory
Authors: Güner Serdar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We focus on a key IR Theory article by Alexander Wendt (1992) and two Jackson Pollock paintings. Our aim is to identify meanings Pollock’s art communicates and reveals for Wendt (1992). It derives from an appeal to visual imagination and a desire for semiotic interpretation of Constructivist view of anarchy. The visual sign is an association such that there is Wendt’s theoretical claim on the one hand and an abstract painting on the other. We do not gaze at Wendt’s claim, we read it. We do not read a painting, look at it. This remark does not imply a one-way relationship. We can argue that a specific painting comes to life in our mind where colored movements are inextricably mixed up when we read the constructivist claim. Both Pollock paintings selected for our sign-making effort confirm the dynamic character of Constructivism and reveal not only three but countlessly many anarchies in international relations. They foment our assessments of abrupt changes of intersubjectivity among states. Cyclicality of dripped paints provides an anchor to fix Wendt’s anarchy conceptualization in these structural-abstract paintings. As to Wendt’s concept of anarchy, it acts as a helper, as a standard, against which interpretations of Pollock’s artwork construct meanings.