bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Effects of Palm Wine (Elaeis guineensis) on Salmonella typhi Isolated from Different Sources
Authors: Ojo O. C. , Agboola S. A. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Palm wine is a traditional alcoholic beverage produce by natural fermentation of the sap of palm trees. Palm wine is normally use traditionally for the extraction of active ingredients from leaves, barks and stems of some medicinal search for new antimicrobial agents. The discovery of new antimicrobial agents from different sources such as microorganisms, animals, plants and plant products has been the major challenge of researchers.
Aims: This research work is to investigate the antibacterial effects of palm wine (Elaeis guineensis) on Salmonella typhi isolated from different sources.
Study Design: The samples were collected overnight from palm trees (E. guineensis). And it was assayed for antibacterial activity on S. typhi isolated from different sources using Agar well diffusion method. The effect of dilution and fermentation duration of the palm wines on isolated S. typhi was also determined. Palm wine (E. guineensis) inhibited S. typhi isolated, with diameter zones of inhibition ranging from 6.33±0.67 to 39.33±0.33 mm respectively. Palm wine from both palm trees was found to be more active against S. typhi than the conventional antibiotics (Chloramphenicol, Amoxycillin, Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin) used, with diameter zones of inhibition ranging from 1.00± 0.33 to 20.67±0.57. The greatest inhibitory effect was on S. typhi isolated from well water (6.67± 0.31 to 44.67± 0.67 mm), while the least effect was on S. typhi isolated from an apparently healthy individual with inhibition ranging from 7.33±0.33 to 29.67± 0.33 mm. Also, the growth inhibitory effects of both palm wines on all S. typhi isolates used increased with increase in period of fermentation with diameter zones of inhibition ranging from 15.67±0.67 to 44.33 ± 0.33 mm for palm wine from R. vinifera and 6.33±0.33to 39.33±0.33 mm for palm wine from E. guineensis.
Conclusion: The discovery of new antimicrobial agents from different sources such as microorganisms, animals, plants and plant products has been the major challenge of researchers. It is conceivable therefore that palm wine subjected to natural fermentation could be used to treat infections caused by S. typhi that is typhoid fever.
Secular trends in weight, stature, and body mass index in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Scott Shelby , Patriquin Michelle L. , Bowes Matthew J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aims to investigate the secular trends of weight, stature, and BMI values in a Nova Scotian sample from 1946 to 1999, with particular focus on how these trends may relate to nutrition and the evolving obesity epidemic.MethodsData were collected from investigative (autopsy) records of 1645 individuals (1287 males, 358 females) of European descent at the Nova Scotia Medical Examiner Service. Secular trends were evaluated by linear regression of weight, stature, and BMI with respect to the year of birth. Further analysis of this sample was based on five time periods (birth cohorts), in order to determine whether dramatic shifts in diet and nutrition affected weight, stature, and BMI.ResultsOverall, the results of this study demonstrate positive secular trends in weight, stature, and BMI from 1946 to 1999 in the Nova Scotian sample. Subsequent analysis among different time periods shows a secular increase in the weight of Nova Scotian males from 1946 to 1979, and a subsequent decrease in weight in after 1980. For Nova Scotian females, the results show a secular increase in weight from 1946 to 1989, and a subsequent decrease in weight after 1990. Such secular increases in weight coincide with the global nutrition transition, while recent decreasing median weight values may reflect economic growth and urbanization in Nova Scotia.ConclusionsOverall, the results of the present study indicate that temporal trends in nutrition may have contributed to positive secular changes in weight, stature, and BMI in Nova Scotia, Canada between 1946 and 1999.
Label‐Free Detection of Transferrin Receptor by a Designed Ligand‐Protein Sensor
Authors: Liu Wanshan , Sun Shiyu , Huang Yida , Wang Ruimin , Xu Jiale , Liu Xiyuan , Qian Kun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdvanced detection of biomarkers in biofluids plays an important role in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Current techniques with pre‐labelling suffer from high cost and complicated operation, etc. Herein, we designed a label‐free electrochemical biosensor for rapid detection of transferrin receptor with desirable linear range, sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and stability for practical applications.
Exploring the factors affecting child and adolescent psychotherapists' and counsellors' decision‐making in clinical work with parents
Authors: Jäderberg Laine , Goss Stephen P. , Graham McBeath Alistair 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examined interventions with parents/carers in child and adolescent counselling and psychotherapy (CAP). The aim was to investigate clinicians' rationale behind their decision to work with parents and what types of interventions they use. Furthermore, the nature of clinicians' core training with regard to interventions with parents was investigated. The study used both quantitative data and qualitative textual data from an online survey of 110 CAP clinicians. There was significant agreement, regardless of previous training or level of experience, that clinical work with parents in CAP is beneficial, but little consensus for a rationale or model for best practice. There was a relationship between training, theoretical orientation and whether CAPs felt competent to work with parents. Unexpectedly, a significant number (83%) of integrative practitioners said that there had been ‘little’ to ‘none at all’ focus on working with parents on their core training course. Other unforeseen findings were in the domain of working outside generally accepted boundaries for CAP, with a notable number of clinicians making home visits—24.1% with parents alone and 38.9% with parent and child together—along with 47.2% using phone calls and/or email for coaching and support with parents. Many clinicians were candid about their sense of a lack of competence in working with parents, even though at least half were senior, experienced clinicians. A number of these practitioners made specific reference to the wish for further specialist training, with many asking for signposting to where further training could be obtained.
Primary undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (Malignant fibrous histiocytoma) of the lung: A case report
Authors: Miyashita Yudai , Ikeda Naoki , Hiraoka Kei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrimary UPS of the lung, so‐called MFH, is a rare aggressive neoplasm and known to be a high risk of recurrence and metastasis. Surgical resection without residual tumor is the main option of treatment and the best chance for long‐term survival.
Effects of Centrifugal Block Freeze Crystallization on Quality Properties in Pineapple Juice
Authors: Orellana-Palma Patricio , Zúñiga Rommy N. , Takhar Pawan Singh , Gianelli María Pía , Petzold Guillermo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuality properties of concentrate pineapple juice obtained by block freeze crystallization (BFC) and evaporation technology are investigated. After three concentration cycles, the solutes were approximately 3.2 times compared to the initial condition and the final color was darker than that of the fresh juice. BFC allowed for higher bioactive compounds retention than evaporation in terms of total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content. The cryoconcentrate juice showed a similar aromatic profile to the fresh juice, with 26 and 23 compounds, respectively. Conversely, only seven volatile compounds were identified in the evaporate sample. Finally, BFC is an effective technology to preserve important quality properties from fresh fruit juices such as color, polyphenols, and aromatic profile.
Low‐noise and low‐sensitivity filters using current‐mode coupled biquads
Authors: Jurisic Drazen , Moschytz George S. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn this paper, it is shown that by adding coupling to biquad pairs to obtain a fourth‐order band‐pass filter, the output thermal noise is reduced. It is shown analytically that minimum output thermal noise is obtained when the biquads are identical and the negative‐feedback factor used for coupling is the same as for the minimum sensitivity to component tolerances and ambient changes. Furthermore, by optimizing the coupled biquads for maximum dynamic range, the output noise is further decreased.
Ensemble modeling of the potential distribution of the whale shark in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Báez José C. , Barbosa Ana Márcia , Pascual Pedro , Ramos María Lourdes , Abascal Francisco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is an endangered marine fish species which can be adversely affected by the fishing activities of the industrial purse seine fleet targeting tropical tuna. Tuna tend to aggregate around all types of floating objects, including whale sharks. We analyzed and modeled the spatial distribution and environmental preferences of whale sharks based on the presence and absence data from fishing observations in the Atlantic Ocean. We used a thorough multialgorithm analysis, based on a new presence–absence dataset, and endeavored to follow the most recent recommendations on best practices in species distribution modeling. First, we selected a subset of relevant variables using a generalized linear model that addressed multicollinearity, statistical errors, and information criteria. We then used the selected variables to build a model ensemble including 19 different algorithms. After eliminating models with insufficient performance, we assessed the potential distribution of whale sharks using the mean of the predictions of the selected models. We also assessed the variance among the predictions of different algorithms, in order to identify areas with the highest model consensus. The results show that several coastal regions and warm shallow currents, such as the Gulf Stream and the Canary and Benguela currents, are the most suitable areas for whale sharks under current environmental conditions. Future environmental projections for the Atlantic Ocean suggest that some of the suitable regions will shift northward, but current concentration areas will continue to be suitable for whale shark, although with less productivity, which could have negative consequences for conservation of the species. We discuss the implications of these predictions for the conservation and management of this charismatic marine species.
Early production of IL‐17A by γδ T cells in the trachea promotes viral clearance during influenza infection in mice
Authors: Palomino‐Segura Miguel , Latino Irene , Farsakoglu Yagmur , Gonzalez Santiago F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe innate immune response generated against influenza infection is critical for the inhibition of viral dissemination. The trachea contains different types of innate immune cells that protect the respiratory tract from pathogen invasion. Among them, γδ T cells have the ability to rapidly generate large amounts of pro‐inflammatory cytokines to preserve mucosal barrier homeostasis during infection. However, little is known about their role during the early phase of influenza infection in the airways. In this study, we found that, early after infection, γδ T cells are recruited and activated in the trachea and outnumber αβ T cells during the course of the influenza infection that follows. We also showed that the majority of the recruited γδ T cells express the Vγ4 TCR chain and infiltrate in a process that involves the chemokine receptor CXCR3. In addition, we demonstrated that γδ T cells promote the recruitment of protective neutrophils and NK cells to the tracheal mucosa. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of the immune responses mediated by γδ T cells.
Lymphatic mapping with SPECT‐CT for evaluation of contralateral drainage in lateralized oropharyngeal cancers using an awake injection technique
Authors: Thomas Carissa M. , Khan Mohemmed N. , Mohan Ravi , Hendler Aaron , Hosni Ali , Chepeha Douglas B. , Goldstein David P. , Cooper Richard M , de Almeida John R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRisk of contralateral nodal metastases in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is currently based on clinical risk factors. We propose lymphatic mapping with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT‐CT) for tumor‐specific delineation of lymphatic drainage to guide treatment.MethodsRetrospective review of lymphatic drainage patterns in cT1‐2 OPSCC and contralateral cN0 neck with a nonoperative, awake injection of 99 m‐Tc sulfur colloid and SPECT‐CT.ResultsTen patients were reviewed. Primary sites included tonsil (n = 8, 80%) and tongue base (n = 2, 20%). All patients tolerated awake injections with no complications. Nine patients (90%) demonstrated satisfactory migration of radiotracer to neck node(s) with seven (78%) to the ipsilateral lateral neck, one (11%) to the ipsilateral lateral neck and retropharynx, and one (11%) to bilateral lateral neck nodes.ConclusionsCharacterization of lymphatic drainage in OPSCC is feasible using a nonoperative injection technique and SPECT‐CT. Drainage to the contralateral neck is rare, warranting further study to tailor treatment appropriately.
Potential pitfalls in incorporating plasma Epstein‐Barr virus DNA in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wong Edwin C. Y. , Hung Jessica L. C. , Ng Wai T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study identifies potential pitfalls in incorporating plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA into the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsA total of 208 NPC patients without distant metastasis who received radical treatment and had measurements of EBV DNA at baseline, 8 weeks and 26 weeks postradiotherapy were analyzed. Prognostic and predictive values at each time‐point were compared.ResultsRisk stratification by pretreatment level failed to identify a poor prognostic group. Detectable EBV DNA at 8 weeks and 26 weeks postradiotherapy were both associated with significantly poorer 5‐year disease‐free survival (HR 0.30, P < .001 and HR 0.03, P < .001, respectively) and overall survival (HR 0.27, P = .009 and HR 0.03, P < .001, respectively). Eighty percentage had detectable EBV DNA at recurrence (53.3% for local only, 100% for regional only, and 100% for distant failure).ConclusionsPosttreatment EBV DNA, particularly at 26 weeks post‐radiotherapy, has high prognostic and predictive values. Surveillance endoscopy/imaging are recommended for the detection of local recurrence.
Barycentric rational interpolation method for numerical investigation of magnetohydrodynamics nanofluid flow and heat transfer in nonparallel plates with thermal radiation
Authors: Torkaman Soraya , Heydari Mohammad , Loghmani Ghasem B. , Ganji Davood Domiri 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, the problem of heat transfer in the steady two‐dimensional flow of an incompressible viscous magnetohydrodynamics nanofluid from a sink or source between two shrinkable or stretchable plates under the effect of thermal radiation has been studied. The governing differential equations have been solved numerically using a collocation method based on the barycentric rational basis functions. This method employs the derivative operational matrix of the barycentric rational bases and the weights that were introduced by Floater and Hormann. The influence of some embedding parameters, such as the solid volume fraction , the Reynolds number , the Hartmann number , the Prandtl number , the radiation parameter , the stretching‐shrinking parameter, , and the angle of the channel on the temperature distribution and velocity profile has been illustrated by graphs and tables. Numerical results reveal the efficiency and high accuracy of the proposed scheme compared to the previously existing solutions. Furthermore, the implementation of the proposed method is fast and the run time is short.
Prognostic factors and long‐term outcomes of obstetric fistula care using the Tanguiéta model
Authors: Benski Anne‐Caroline , Delavy Martine , Rochat Charles‐Henry , Viviano Manuela , Catarino Rosa , Elsig Valérie , Doulougou Abdoulaye , Petignat Patrick , Vassilakos Pierre 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo identify factors influencing the long‐term prognosis after surgical repair of obstetric fistula, establish a prognosis‐based classification system, and examine changes in quality of life after surgery.MethodsA retrospective study of 308 women who underwent obstetric fistula repair at Saint Jean de Dieu Hospital, Tanguiéta, Benin, between 2008 and 2016, and were supported by a multidisciplinary management model. All participants were from rural areas of Burkina Faso. The women completed interviews before, immediately after, and 2, 4–6, and 12 months after surgery to assess their clinical state and socioeconomic and psychologic status.ResultsOverall, the fistulae of 230/274 (83.9%) women were considered to be repaired after 12 months. Factors associated with poor repair outcome included the presence of sclerotic tissue (odds ratio [OR], 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11–0.53) and intraoperative complications (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.07–0.39). Women with successful surgery had a better quality of life as compared with women with an unrepaired fistula (Ditrovie score, 1.1 vs 3.9; P<0.001).ConclusionThe multidisciplinary Tanguiéta model for management of obstetric fistula allowed successful fistula closure, thereby facilitating the women's long‐term social reintegration, and improved quality of life.
Synergistic engineering of hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mabrouk Sally , Bahrami Behzad , Elbohy Hytham , Reza Khan Mamun , Gurung Ashim , Liang Mao , Wu Fan , Wang Mingtai , Yang Shangfeng , Qiao Qiquan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite solar cells with efficiencies higher than 18% were achieved using a new nanocomposite hole transport layer (HTL) by doping poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with a mixed dopant of polyaniline (PANI) and graphene oxide (GO). A synergistic engineering between GO, PANI, and PEDOT:PSS was accomplished to introduce additional energy levels between perovskite and PEDOT:PSS and increase the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS. Kelvin probe force microscope results confirmed that adding GO to PEDOT:PSS/PANI composite significantly reduced the average surface potential. This increased the open circuit voltage (Voc) to 1.05 V for the GO/PEDOT:PSS/PANI nanocomposite perovskite solar cells from the pristine PEDOT:PSS (Voc = 0.95 V) and PEDOT:PSS/PANI (Voc = 0.99 V). In addition, adding PANI to the HTLs substantially enhanced short circuit current density (Jsc). This was supported by the current sensing‐atomic force microscopy (CS‐AFM) and conductivity measurements. The PANI doped films showed superior electrical conductivity compared with those without PANI as indicated by CS‐AFM results. PANI can fill the gaps between the microflakes of GO and give rise to more compact hole transport material (HTM) layer. This led to a higher Jsc after doping with PANI, which was consistent with the incident photon‐to‐current efficiency and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results. The results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and AFM indicated the GO/PANI doped HTMs significantly improved the crystallinity, topography, and crystal size of the perovskite film grown on their surface. A higher efficiency of 18.12% for p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells has been obtained by adding the mixed dopant of GO, PANI, and PEDOT:PSS, demonstrating better stability than the pristine PEDOT:PSS cell.image
Near‐infrared organic photoelectric materials for light‐harvesting systems: Organic photovoltaics and organic photodiodes
Authors: Xie Boming , Chen Zhongxin , Ying Lei , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe inherent advantages of organic optoelectronic materials endow light‐harvesting systems, including organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic photodiodes (OPDs), with multiple advantages, such as low‐cost manufacturing, light weight, flexibility, and applicability to large‐area fabrication, make them promising competitors with their inorganic counterparts. Among them, near‐infrared (NIR) organic optoelectronic materials occupy a special position and have become the subject of extensive research in both academia and industry. The introduction of NIR materials into OPVs extends the absorption spectrum range, thereby enhancing the photon‐harvesting ability of the devices, due to which they have been widely used for the construction of semitransparent solar cells with single‐junction or tandem architectures. NIR photodiodes have tremendous potential in industrial, military, and scientific applications, such as remote control of smart electronic devices, chemical/biological sensing, environmental monitoring, optical communication, and so forth. These practical and potential applications have stimulated the development of NIR photoelectric materials, which in turn has given impetus to innovation in light‐harvesting systems. In this review, we summarize the common molecular design strategies of NIR photoelectric materials and enumerate their applications in OPVs and OPDs.image
Blockchain security risk assessment and the auditor
Authors: White Barbara S. , King Chula G. , Holladay Jonathon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA blockchain is an Internet‐based peer‐to‐peer system that forms a network of independent and connected computers that simultaneously record and verify transactions. This peer‐to‐peer system focuses on who owns the information and how that information is transferred. Blockchains offer significant advantages over traditional databases where users can delete, modify, and change records. The advantages include improved efficiencies, lower costs, enhanced transparency, and an immutable audit history of all transactions. The advantages, however, are not without significant risks. The risks include technological risks, data security risks, interoperability risks, and third‐party vendor risks. Because of the inherent advantages in blockchains, auditors are being called upon to provide assurance services to clients who use blockchains and to advise clients on blockchain technology. Therefore, auditors must be equipped with the knowledge and expertise of not only blockchain technology, but also the assessment of risks inherent in blockchain technology.