bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying concepts of life course theory and life course epidemiology to the study of bladder health and lower urinary tract symptoms among girls and women
Authors: Brady Sonya S. , Berry Amanda , Camenga Deepa R. , Fitzgerald Colleen M. , Gahagan Sheila , Hardacker Cecilia T. , Harlow Bernard L. , Hebert‐Beirne Jeni , LaCoursiere D. Yvette , Lewis Jessica B. , Low Lisa K. , Lowder Jerry L. , Markland Alayne D. , McGwin Gerald , Newman Diane K. , Palmer Mary H. , Shoham David A. , Smith Ariana L. , Stapleton Ann , Williams Beverly R. , Sutcliffe Siobhan ,   Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS)
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsAlthough lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may occur at different periods during the life course of women, a little research on LUTS has adopted a life course perspective. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to demonstrate how life course theory and life course epidemiology can be applied to study bladder health and LUTS trajectories. We highlight conceptual work from the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Research Consortium to enhance the understanding of life course concepts.MethodsConsortium members worked in transdisciplinary teams to generate examples of how life course concepts may be applied to research on bladder health and LUTS in eight prioritized areas: (a) biopsychosocial ecology of stress and brain health; (b) toileting environment, access, habits, and techniques; (c) pregnancy and childbirth; (d) physical health and medical conditions; (e) musculoskeletal health; (f) lifestyle behaviors; (g) infections and microbiome; and (h) hormonal status across the life span.ResultsLife course concepts guided consortium members’ conceptualization of how potential risk and protective factors may influence women's health. For example, intrapartum interventions across multiple pregnancies may influence trajectories of bladder health and LUTS, illustrating the principle of life span development. Consortium members also identified and summarized methodologic and practical considerations in designing life course research.ConclusionsThis paper may assist researchers from a variety of disciplines to design and implement research identifying key risk and protective factors for LUTS and bladder health across the life course of women. Results from life course research may inform health promotion programs, policies, and practices.
Reliability of different electromyographic normalization methods for pelvic floor muscles assessment
Authors: Pereira‐Baldon Vanessa S. , de Oliveira Ana B. , Padilha Juliana F. , Degani Adriana M. , Avila Mariana A. , Driusso Patricia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the reliability of different methods to normalize pelvic floor muscles (PFM) electromyography (EMG).MethodsThirty nulliparous women (23.9 ± 3.2 years), free from PFM dysfunction, completed two test sessions 7 days apart. For EMG normalization, signals were acquired during four different tasks using a vaginal probe in situ: PFM maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and three daily activities with increased intra‐abdominal pressure (coughing, Valsalva maneuver, and abdominal contraction). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), relative standard error of measurement (%SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated for each variable.ResultsICC values for test‐retest reliability of normalization methods ranged from 0.61 to 0.95. The highest values were obtained for mean root mean square (RMS) of the abdominal contraction and peak RMS of PFM‐MVC. Normalization using RMS of PFM‐MVC showed the lowest values of SEM and MDC.ConclusionsThe normalization of EMG data is considered a fundamental part of EMG investigations. These findings suggest that the normalization of PFM‐EMG by either peak RMS of PFM‐MVC or mean and peak RMS of abdominal contraction has excellent reliability and it can be applied in studies involving the evaluation of young women.
Switch segment and halloysite nanotube role in the phase separation behavior of shape‐memory thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Fatemeh , Haddadi‐Asl Vahid , Balzade Zahra , Sahebi Jouibari Iman 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethane consists of hard and soft segments. The difference in glass transition temperature and thermodynamic incompatibility of these segments results in phase separation and shape memory behavior. In this study, the effect of molecular weight of polyol and the amount of nanoparticles on the phase separation and shape memory behavior of polyurethane nanocomposites were studied. Polyurethane was synthesized using poly(tetramethylene glycol) with molecular weights of 1000 and 2000 g/mol, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and 1,4‐butanediol by step polymerization. The nanocomposites were synthesized through in situ method containing 1 and 2 wt% of nanoparticle. Phase separation and shape memory behaviors were studied using attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and atomic force microscopy analysis. The results indicated that higher molecular weight polyol with molecular weight of 2000 g mol−1 shows higher phase separation than the lower molecular weight sample. Also, the addition of nanoparticles results in an increased phase separation due to the halloysite nanotubes tendency to the hard segment. The shape fixity ratio (Rf) and shape recovery ratio (Rr) were in the range of 90% to 100% in all of the synthesized samples. By increasing the nanoparticles content, the shape fixity and shape recovery parameters were increased and decreased, respectively. The study of shape memory behavior also showed that the higher the polyol molecular weight, the better the nanocomposite shape memory behavior.
Tribological properties of polyimide coating filled with carbon nanotube at elevated temperatures
Authors: Roy Amit , Mu Liwen , Shi Yijun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work mainly focuses on the development and characterization of polyimide (PI) based composite coatings filled with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on a steel substrate. The tribological properties of PI/MWCNT composite coatings at different temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to 200°C were investigated. Also, the influence of MWCNT and thermal & mechanical properties of PI composites coatings were measured. The addition of MWCNT could reduce the friction coefficient as well as wear volume at elevated temperatures. The PI/3MWCNT composites coatings show better wear‐resistant properties as compared to other composites. Also, the PI/MWCNT composites showed improved mechanical properties such as micro‐hardness and nanoindentation. Formation of an organic‐inorganic structure due to the inclusion of MWCNT, enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the thermo‐degradation of composites coatings. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PI/MWCNT composites was improved as the MWCNT content increases from 0.1 to 5 wt%.
Commuting as a work‐related demand: Effects on work‐to‐family conflict, affective commitment, and intention to quit
Authors: Elfering Achim , Igic Ivana , Kritzer Ramona , Semmer Norbert K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCommuting time is the duration of the transition between the work and private (typically family) domains. The status of commuting in theories dealing with work–family issues or boundary management is not very clear. We discuss commuting taking a different perspective from the literature (e.g., as a demand, source of time‐based work–family conflict, impediment to the flexibility and permeability of the work–home boundary, and as a resource for work–family boundary management), concluding that the demand aspects of commuting are dominant. From this perspective, we analyzed the association between the commuting time as a work‐related demand at baseline and work–family conflict (WFC), affective commitment (AC), and intention to quit (ITQ) 1 year later (N = 838). We assessed commuting time objectively by using Google Maps to estimate travel time based on postal codes of home and workplace. As expected, longer commuting predicted all three outcomes. Furthermore, autonomy—manifested in flexible work arrangements—moderated these effects for two out of three outcome variables: Temporospatial autonomy reduced the positive associations between commuting time and WFC and ITQ. The effect sizes were small; however, effects were adjusted for baseline levels of the relevant outcome, demographic variables, and several work and private stressors.
Effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on risk of dyslipidemia among patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Dandan , Wu Tingxi , Wang Tiansheng , Wei Hongtao , Wang Aihua , Tang Huilin , Song Yiqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeSodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are shown to cause small, but significant changes of lipid profiles, we aim to investigate whether such altered lipid profiles can be translated into clinically meaningful changes in dyslipidemia.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared SGLT2 inhibitors with placebo or other oral glucose‐lowering drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and reported the events of dyslipidemia. A random‐effect meta‐analysis was performed to calculate the pooled estimates with risk ratio (RR) for dyslipidemia risk and weighted mean difference for lipid profiles with their 95% confidential intervals (CIs).ResultsOf 2427 studies identified, 15 RCTs involving 7578 patients were included. This meta‐analysis found no association between SGLT2 inhibitors and risk of dyslipidemia (RR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.91‐1.40). However, SGLT2 inhibitors were significantly associated with increases in total cholesterol by 0.15 mmol/L, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol by 0.12 mmol/L, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol by 0.07 mmol/L while they can significantly decrease triglycerides by −0.12 mmol/L compared to controls.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors were not associated with increased risk of dyslipidemia. Further trials with longitudinal assessment are needed to assess the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on trajectories of changes of lipid metabolism.
Kleingedrucktes mit großem Effekt
Authors: Huth Michael , Keller Lukas , Plank Harald , Winkler Robert 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDer 3D‐Druck von geometrisch komplexen Nanostrukturen ist auf dem Weg zu ersten Anwendungen. Die Auswahl an geeigneten Materialien ermöglicht metallische, halbleitende, isolierende, supraleitende und exotische magnetische Eigenschaften. Das 3D‐FEBID‐Verfahren schreibt mit dem Elektronenstrahl eines Raster‐Elektronenmikroskops wie mit einem Nanostift. Das Material wird als Gasstrom von Precursor‐Molekülen über eine Hohlnadel zugeführt. Der Elektronenstrahl ermöglicht die hochlokale Fragmentierung dieser Moleküle, die meist metallische Zielatome enthalten. Die lokale Verweildauer des Strahls steuert den Strukturaufbau in der Vertikalen, während seine seitliche Bewegung zu geneigten, freistehenden Strukturen führt. Eine Herausforderung ist die definierte Strahlsteuerung, um ein CAD‐Modell möglichst präzise in ein reales 3D‐Nanoobjekt zu überführen. Für die Zukunft soll eine simulationsgestützte Software zur Steuerung des Elektronenstrahls auch Laien die Anwendung erleichtern. 3D‐FEBID ist bereits heute ein zuverlässiges und in vielerlei Hinsicht einzigartiges Verfahren zur Direktabscheidung funktionaler Nanostrukturen.
Auch Sterne altern
Authors: Weiss Achim 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungSterne teilen uns ihr Alter nicht direkt mit. Da sie sich aber verändern, kann daraus ihr Alter bestimmt werden. Die meisten Bestimmungsmethoden sind modellabhängig. Daher ist es wichtig, die Physik der Sterne möglichst genau zu modellieren. Immerhin sind die Methoden aber gut genug, um daraus die Geschichte der Milchstraße, von externen Galaxien und auch des Universums zu rekonstruieren [12].
Mutational and transcriptomic landscapes of a rare human prostate basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Su Xianbin , Long Qi , Bo Juanjie , Shi Yi , Zhao Li‐Nan , Lin Yingxin , Luo Qing , Ghazanfar Shila , Zhang Chao , Liu Qiang , Wang Lan , He Kunyan , He Jian , Cui Xiaofang , Yang Jean Y. H. , Han Ze‐Guang , Yang Guoliang , Sha Jian‐jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs a rare subtype of prostate carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has not been studied extensively and thus lacks systematic molecular characterization.MethodsHere, we applied single‐cell genomic amplification and RNA‐Seq to a specimen of human prostate BCC (CK34βE12+/P63+/PAP−/PSA−). The mutational landscape was obtained via whole exome sequencing of the amplification mixture of 49 single cells, and the transcriptomes of 69 single cells were also obtained.ResultsThe five putative driver genes mutated in BCC are CASC5, NUTM1, PTPRC, KMT2C, and TBX3, and the top three nucleotide substitutions are C>T, T>C, and C>A, similar to common prostate cancer. The distribution of the variant allele frequency values indicated that these single cells are from the same tumor clone. The 69 single cells were clustered into tumor, stromal, and immune cells based on their global transcriptomic profiles. The tumor cells specifically express basal cell markers like KRT5, KRT14, and KRT23 and epithelial markers EPCAM, CDH1, and CD24. The transcription factor covariance network analysis showed that the BCC tumor cells have distinct regulatory networks. By comparison with current prostate cancer datasets, we found that some of the bulk samples exhibit basal cell signatures. Interestingly, at single‐cell resolution the gene expression patterns of prostate BCC tumor cells show uniqueness compared with that of common prostate cancer‐derived circulating tumor cells.ConclusionsThis study, for the first time, discloses the comprehensive mutational and transcriptomic landscapes of prostate BCC, which lays a foundation for the understanding of its tumorigenesis mechanism and provides new insights into prostate cancers in general.
The Risk Analysis Screening Tool: Part I, overview
Authors: Vaughen Bruce K. , Hurban David A. , First Kenneth , Ness Al 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Dow Chemical Company has provided for international use a set of tools to help other companies effectively understand and manage their process safety hazards and risks, helping the global process safety community improve their process safety performance. The tools described in this paper were generously donated to the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) and the European Process Safety Centre (EPSC). What makes this donation special is that small and large companies can use the Risk Analysis Screening Tool (RAST) and the Chemical Hazards Engineering Fundamentals (CHEF) tools to help validate, screen, and prioritize between their process risks. Each company can download and configure RAST to assess for and ensure compliance with their company‐specific risk matrix: their risk tolerance criteria. RAST can be applied to existing and proposed installations. In addition, RAST is versatile: helping reduce process safety risk when used during Management of Change (MOC) reviews for comparing different inherently safer design options. As is detailed in the paper, RAST follows the basic steps in performing a Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis (HIRA) study. The tool allows Process Hazards Analysis (PHA) Teams to validate process‐specific scenarios, and provides guidance on potential causes of incident scenarios. The scenario‐specific risks—a function of the consequence and the frequency—can be determined in RAST through a quantified consequence impact through leak rate and dispersion modeling and estimated scenario frequencies through equipment integrity and reliability information.
Cover Image, Volume 76, Issue 4
Authors: Hsieh Chia‐Hung , Huang Chin‐Gi , Wu Wen‐Jer , Wang Hurng‐Yi 
Published: March 2020

The cover image is based on the Research Article A rapid insect species identification system using mini‐barcode pyrosequencing by Chia‐Hung Hsieh et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5674.
image
Computational analysis of the proton‐bound acetonitrile dimer, (ACN)2H+
Authors: Haack Alexander , Benter Thorsten , Kersten Hendrik 
Published: March 2020

RationaleIn atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry the theoretical thermodynamic treatment of proton‐bound cluster stabilities helps us to understand the prevailing chemical processes. However, such calculations are rather challenging because low‐barrier internal rotations and strong anharmonicity of the hydrogen bonds cause the breakdown of the usually applied harmonic approximation. Even the implemented anharmonic treatment in standard ab initio software failed in the case of (ACN)2H+.MethodsFor a case study of the proton‐bound acetonitrile dimer, (ACN)2H+, we scan the potential energy surface (PES) for the internal rotation and the proton movement in all three spatial directions. We correct the partition functions by treating the internal rotation as a free rotor and by solving the nuclear Schrödinger equation explicitly for the proton movement. An additional PES scan for the dissociation surface further improves the understanding of the cluster behavior.ResultsThe internal rotation is essentially barrier free (V0 = 2.6 × 10−6 eV) and the proton's movement between the two nitrogen atoms follows a quartic rather than quadratic potential. As a figure of merit we calculate the free dissociation enthalpy of the dimer. Our description significantly improves the standard results from about 118.3 kJ/mol to 99.6 kJ/mol, compared with the experimentally determined value of 92.2 kJ/mol. The dissociation surface reveals strong crosstalk between modes and is essentially responsible for the observed errors.ConclusionsThe presented corrections to the partition functions significantly improve their accuracy and are rather easy to implement. In addition, this work stresses the importance of alternative theoretical methods for proton‐bound cluster systems besides the standard harmonic approximations.
Synchrotron UV photoactivation of trapped sodiated ions produced from poly(ethylene glycol) by electrospray ionization
Authors: Aloui Inès , Legros Véronique , Giuliani Alexandre , Buchmann William 
Published: March 2020

RationaleBy taking advantage of the gas‐phase decompositions of polymer ions, tandem mass spectrometry of polymers allows us to obtain more accurate structural information than from a simple mass measurement. Applied to a model polymer, the goal of this work was to evaluate the performances of an activation technique based on ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, as an alternative to conventional collisional activation.MethodsSodiated poly(ethylene glycol) produced by electrospray ionization was isolated in a linear ion trap, then submitted to synchrotron UV irradiation over a range of wavelengths (52 to 248 nm). Fragmentation pathways resulting from UV photoactivation were investigated. The proposed mechanisms take into account: (i) the comparison with collision‐induced dissociation (CID) product ions, (ii) the effect of wavelength‐tunable UV activation, and (iii) deuterium‐labeling and various other complementary experiments. For the highest molecular weight compounds, ion mobility spectrometry was used before UV photoactivation.ResultsSynchrotron UV irradiation can induce dissociation of poly(ethylene glycol) sodiated ions without the requirement of the presence of a specific chromophore, if the photon energy is above 10 eV. UV photoactivation of poly(ethylene glycol) ions can yield fragmentations that differ from those in classical low‐energy CID, especially from higher masses (>4000 g mol−1). A successful coupling of UV photoactivation with ion mobility pre‐filtering was presented.ConclusionsUV activation combined or not with pre‐filtering ion mobility is a promising alternative approach for the structural characterization of polymers. UV synchrotron radiation with a tunable wavelength was a great opportunity to study the effect of the photon energy, and to probe the mechanisms of ion decomposition from poly(ethylene glycol).
Investigating protein thiol chemistry associated with dehydroascorbate, homocysteine and glutathione using mass spectrometry
Authors: Ahuie Grace Kouakou , Gagnon Hugo , Pace Paul E. , Peskin Alexander V. , Wagner Richard J. , Naylor Stephen , Klarskov Klaus 
Published: March 2020

RationaleOxidative stress is an imbalance between reactive free radical oxygen species and antioxidant defenses. Its consequences can lead to numerous pathologies. Regulating oxidative stress is the complex interplay between antioxidant recycling and thiol‐containing regulatory proteins. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is important for preventing onset of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigae S‐thiol protein chemistry associated with oxidized vitamin C (dehydroascorbate, DHA), homocysteine (HcySH) and glutathione (GSH) using mass spectrometry.MethodsGlutaredoxin‐1 (Grx‐1) was incubated with DHA, with and without GSH and HcySH. Disulfide formation was followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) of intact proteins and by LC/ESI‐MS/MS of peptides from protein tryptic digestions. The mechanism of DHA‐mediated S‐thiolation was investigated using two synthetic peptides: AcFHACAAK and AcFHACE. Three proteins, i.e. human hemoglobin (HHb), recombinant peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) and Grx‐1, were S‐homocysteinylated followed by S‐transthiolyation with GSH and investigated by ESI‐MS and ESI‐MS/MS.ResultsESI‐MS analysis reveals that DHA mediates disulfide formation and S‐thiolation by HcySH as well as GSH of Grx‐1. LC/ESI‐MS/MS analysis allows identification of Grx‐1 S‐thiolated cysteine adducts. The mechanism by which DHA mediates S‐thiolation of heptapeptide AcFHACAAK is shown to be via initial formation of a thiohemiketal adduct. In addition, ESI‐MS of intact proteins shows that GSH can S‐transthiolate S‐homocysteinylated Grx‐1_ HHb and Prdx2. The GS‐S‐protein adducts over time dominate the ESI‐MS spectrum profile.ConclusionsMass spectrometry is a unique analytical technique for probing complex reaction mechanisms associated with oxidative stress. Using model proteins, ESI‐MS reveals the mechanism of DHA‐facilitated S‐thiolation, which consists of thiohemiketal formation, disulfide formation or S‐thiolation. Furthermore, protein S‐thiolation by HcySH can be reversed by reversible GSH thiol exchange. The use of mass spectrometry with in vitro models of protein S‐thiolation in oxidative stress may provide significant insight into possible mechanisms of action occurring in vivo.
Finite‐time stability of switched nonlinear time‐delay systems
Authors: Wang Zhichuang , Sun Jian , Chen Jie , Bai Yongqiang 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis article addresses the problem of finite‐time stability (FTS) and finite‐time contractive stability (FTCS) for switched nonlinear time‐delay systems (SNTDSs). By virtues of the Lyapunov‐Razumikhin method, Lyapunov functionals approach, and the comparison principle technique, we obtain some improved Razumikhin‐type theorems that verify FTS and FTCS property for SNTDSs. Moreover, our results allow the estimate of the upper bound of the derivatives for Lyapunov functions to be mode dependent functions which can be positive and negative. Meanwhile, the proposed results also improve the related existing results on the same topic by removing some restrictive conditions. Finally, two examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of our methods.