bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of a Panel of 6 Serum Biomarkers to Differentiate Between Healthy Controls and Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Schipke Carola G. , Menne Felix , Rubow Stella , Sigle Jörg-Peter , Peters Oliver , Grimmer Timo 
Published: July 2020

Background:
There is considerable evidence suggesting that inflammatory responses may be involved in the neurodegenerative cascade of Alzheimer disease (AD). Blood-based biomarker analysis of inflammatory markers indicative of dementia could serve as a minimally invasive and easy-to-administer diagnostic tool in primary care.

Material and Methods:
The authors quantified 6 markers (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta type 1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and interleukin-18) in blood serum of 68 healthy blood donors (controls), 42 patients with AD at the dementia stage, 55 patients with AD at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI-AD), and 25 patients with MCI non-AD. All patients have been fully characterized, including AD biomarker analyses in cerebrospinal fluid. Data were analyzed in an algorithm that was trained, validated, and then used for dichotomous classification of unknown data into data sets suspicious and not suspicious of AD.

Results:
Using this algorithm, 47 of 55 MCI-AD (85.5%) and 20 of 25 MCI non-AD (80%) cases were classified as suspicious of AD.

Conclusions:
This panel of 6 markers in blood serum may indicate underlying neurodegenerative processes in patients with AD at the MCI stage. The authors assume that a deranged equilibrium of neuroprotective and inflammatory processes is an overall major cause for neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
Analysis of the small chromosomalPrionium serratum(Cyperid) demonstrates the importance of a reliable method to differentiate between mono- and holocentricity
Authors: Baez M. , Kuo Y.T. , Dias Y. , Souza T. , Boudichevskaia A. , Fuchs J. , Schubert V. , Vanzela A.L.L. , Pedrosa-Harand A. , Houben A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor a long time, the Cyperid clade (Thurniceae-Juncaceae-Cyperaceae) was considered as a group of species possessing holocentromeres exclusively. The basal phylogenetic position ofPrionium serratumL. f. Drège (Thurniceae) within Cyperids makes this species an important specimen to understand the centromere evolution within this clade. Unlike expected, the chromosomal distribution of the centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3), alpha-tubulin and different centromere associated post-translational histone modifications (H3S10ph, H3S28ph and H2AT120ph) demonstrate a monocentromeric organisation ofP. serratumchromosomes. Analysis of the high-copy repeat composition resulted in the identification of a centromere-localised satellite repeat. Hence, monocentricity was the ancestral condition for the Juncaceae-Cyperaceae-Thurniaceae Cyperid clade and holocentricity in this clade has independently arisen at least twice after differentiation of the three families, once in Juncaceae and the other one in Cyperaceae. Methods suitable for the identification of holocentromeres are discussed.
ElevatedMCOLN1Expression in p53-Deficient Bladder Cancer is Necessary for Oncogene-Induced Cell proliferation, Inflammation, and Invasion
Authors: Jung Jewon , Liao Han , Liang Hong , Hancock John F. , Denicourt Catherine , Venkatachalam Kartik 
Published: July 2020

SummaryInhibition of the endolysosomal cation channel, TRPML1, which is encoded byMCOLN1, deters the proliferation of cancer cells with augmented TFEB activity. Here, we report that the tumor suppressor, p53, antagonizes TFEB-drivenMCOLN1expression in bladder cancer. Not only was the constitutive loss of p53 in bladder cancer cells associated with higherMCOLN1mRNA, knockdown ofTP53in lines with wild type alleles of the tumor suppressor increasedMCOLN1expression. Elevated TRPML1 abundance in p53-deficient cancer cells, although not sufficient for bolstering proliferation, was necessary for the effects of oncogenic HRAS on cell division, cytokine production, and invasion. These data demonstrate that hyperactivation of the TFEB–MCOLN1transcriptional axis in urothelial cells lacking p53 permits tumorigenesis stemming fromHRASmutations. Furthermore, the insight that loss of p53 predicts addiction to TRPML1 informs an actionable therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer.
Socioeconomic, racial and ethnic differences in patient experience of clinician empathy: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roberts Brian W. , Puri Nitin K. , Trzeciak Christian J. , Mazzarelli Anthony J. , Trzeciak Stephen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionEmpathy is essential for high quality health care. Health care disparities may reflect a systemic lack of empathy for disadvantaged people; however, few data exist on disparities in patient experience of empathy during face-to-face health care encounters with individual clinicians. We systematically analyzed the literature to test if socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity disparities exist in patient-reported experience of clinician empathy.MethodsUsing a published protocol, we searched Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsychINFO for studies using the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) Measure, which to date is the most commonly used and well-validated methodology for measuring clinician empathy from the patient perspective. We included studies containing CARE Measure data stratified by SES and/or race/ethnicity. We contacted authors to request stratified data, when necessary. We performed quantitative meta-analyses using random effects models to test for empathy differences by SES and race/ethnicity.ResultsEighteen studies (n=9,708 patients) were included. We found that, compared to patients whose SES was not low, low SES patients experienced lower empathy from clinicians (mean difference= -0.87 [95% confidence interval -1.72 to -0.02]). Compared to white patients, empathy scores were numerically lower for patients of multiple race/ethnicity groups (Black/African American, Asian, Native American, and all non-whites combined) but none of these differences reached statistical significance.ConclusionThese data suggest an empathy gap may exist for patients with low SES. More research is needed to further test for SES and race/ethnicity disparities in clinician empathy and help promote health care equity.Registration (PROSPERO)CRD42019142809
Adolescents’ health literacy, health protective measures, and health-related quality of life during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Riiser Kirsti , Helseth Sølvi , Haraldstad Kristin , Torbjørnsen Astrid , Richardsen Kåre Rønn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeFirst, to describe adolescents’ health information sources and knowledge, health literacy (HL), health protective measures, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during the initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic in Norway. Second, to investigate the association between HL and the knowledge and behavior relevant for preventing spread of the virus. Third, to explore variables associated with HRQoL in a pandemic environment.MethodsThis cross-sectional study includes survey data from 2,205 Norwegian adolescents 16–19 years of age. The participants reported on their health information sources, HL, handwashing knowledge and behavior, number of social interactions, and HRQoL. Associations between study variables and specified outcomes were explored using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses.ResultsTelevision (TV) and family were indicated to be the main sources for pandemic-related health information. Handwashing, physical distancing, and limiting the number of social contacts were the most frequently reported measures. HL and handwashing knowledge and HL and handwashing behavior were significantly associated. For each unit increase on the HL scale, the participants were 5% more likely to socialize less with friends in comparison to normal. The mean HRQoL was very poor compared to European norms. Being quarantined or isolated and having confirmed or suspected Covid-19 were significantly negatively associated with HRQoL, but seeing less friends than normal was not associated. HL was significantly positively associated with HRQoL, albeit of minor clinical importance.ConclusionAdolescents follow the health authorities’ guidelines and appear highly literate. However, high fidelity requires great sacrifice because the required measures seem to collide with certain aspects that are important for the adolescents’ HRQoL.Implications and contributionThis study is among the first to investigate health information sources and knowledge, health literacy, protective measures, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic. It identifies that the participating adolescents have high health literacy and knowledge about preventing the spread of the virus but that, at the same time, their HRQoL is poor.
Approximate relationships between SIR and logistic models
Authors: Clark David E. , Welch Gavin , Peck Jordan S. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTInfectious epidemics are often described using a three-compartment Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) model, whose solution can be shown to involve generalizations of the logistic distribution. Using mathematical relationships relating these generalized logistic distributions, the population proportion remaining Susceptible can be approximated using the inverse of a standard cumulative logistic distribution, while the population proportion actively Infectious can be approximated using the density of a logistic or log-logistic distribution. Conversely, the parameters of an underlying SIR model can be approximately inferred from population-based data that have been estimated using logistic and/or log-logistic models.
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Among Parturient Women
Authors: Flannery Dustin D. , Gouma Sigrid , Dhudasia Miren B. , Mukhopadhyay Sagori , Pfeifer Madeline R. , Woodford Emily C. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Arevalo Claudia P. , Bolton Marcus J. , Weirick Madison E. , Goodwin Eileen C. , Anderson Elizabeth M. , Greenplate Allison R. , Kim Justin , Han Nicholas , Pattekar Ajinkya , Dougherty Jeanette , Kuthuru Oliva , Mathew Divij , Baxter Amy E. , Vella Laura A. , Weaver JoEllen , Verma Anurag , Leite Rita , Morris Jeffrey S. , Rader Daniel J. , Elovitz Michal A. , Wherry E. John , Puopolo Karen M. , Hensley Scott E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLimited data are available for pregnant women affected by SARS-CoV-2. Serological tests are critically important to determine exposure and immunity to SARS-CoV-2 within both individuals and populations. We completed SARS-CoV-2 serological testing of 1,293 parturient women at two centers in Philadelphia from April 4 to June 3, 2020. We tested 834 pre-pandemic samples collected in 2019 and 15 samples from COVID-19 recovered donors to validate our assay, which has a ∼1% false positive rate. We found 80/1,293 (6.2%) of parturient women possessed IgG and/or IgM SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. We found race/ethnicity differences in seroprevalence rates, with higher rates in Black/non-Hispanic and Hispanic/Latino women. Of the 72 seropositive women who also received nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction testing during pregnancy, 46 (64%) were positive. Continued serologic surveillance among pregnant women may inform perinatal clinical practices and can potentially be used to estimate seroprevalence within the community.One Sentence SummarySix percent of pregnant women delivering from April 4 to June 3, 2020 had serological evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 with notable race/ethnicity differences in seroprevalence rates.
Dual nature of human ACE2 glycosylation in binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike
Authors: Mehdipour Ahmad Reza , Hummer Gerhard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBinding of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor triggers translocation of the virus into cells. Both the ACE2 receptor and the spike protein are heavily glycosylated, including at sites near their binding interface. We built fully glycosylated models of the ACE2 receptor bound to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we found that the glycosylation of the human ACE2 receptor contributes substantially to the binding of the virus. Interestingly, the glycans at two glycosylation sites, N90 and N322, have opposite effects on spike protein binding. The glycan at the N90 site partly covers the binding interface of the spike RBD. Therefore, this glycan can interfere with the binding of the spike protein and protect against docking of the virus to the cell. By contrast, the glycan at the N322 site interacts tightly with the RBD of the ACE2-bound spike protein and strengthens the complex. Remarkably, the N322 glycan binds into a conserved region of the spike protein identified previously as a cryptic epitope for a neutralizing antibody. By mapping the glycan binding sites, our MD simulations aid in the targeted development of neutralizing antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors.
Effects of pharmacological calcimimetics on colorectal cancer cells over-expressing the human calcium-sensing receptor
Authors: Iamartino Luca , Elajnaf Taha , Gall Katharina , David Jacquelina , Manhardt Teresa , Heffeter Petra , Grusch Michael , Derdak Sophia , Baumgartner-Parzer Sabina , Schepelmann Martin , Kallay Enikö 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional G protein-coupled receptor. Several studies reported that the CaSR plays an anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic role in the intestine, and that it is down-regulated during colorectal carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that intestine-specific positive allosteric CaSR modulators (type II calcimimetics) could be used for the treatment of intestinal pathologies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of pharmacological stimulation of CaSR on gene expressionin vitroand on tumor growthin vivo.We stably transduced two colon cancer cell lines (HT29 and Caco2) with lentiviral vectors containing either theCaSRfused to GFP or GFP only. Using RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR experiments and ELISA, we determined that CaSR over-expression itself had generally little effect on gene expression in these cells. However, treatment with 1μM of the calcimimetic NPS R-568 increased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-23α and IL-8 and reduced the transcription of various differentiation markers in the cells over-expressing the CaSR.In vivo, neither the presence of the CaSR norp.o. treatment of the animals with the calcimimetic cinacalcet affected tumor growth, tumor cell proliferation or tumor vascularization of murine HT29 xenografts.In summary, CaSR stimulation in CaSR over-expressing cells enhanced the expression of inflammatory markersin vitro, but was not able to repress colorectal cancer tumorigenicityin vivo. These findings suggest potential pro-inflammatory effects of the CaSR and type II calcimimetics in the intestine.
Type V Myosin focuses the polarisome and shapes the tip of yeast cells
Authors: Dünkler Alexander , Leda Marcin , Kromer Jan-Michael , Neller Joachim , Gronemeyer Thomas , Goryachev Andrew B. , Johnsson Nils 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe polarisome is a cortical proteinaceous micro-compartment that organizes the growth of actin filaments and the fusion of secretory vesicles in yeasts and filamentous fungi. Polarisomes are compact, spot-like structures at the growing tips of their respective cells. The molecular forces that control form and size of this micro-compartment are not known. Here we identify a complex between the polarisome subunit Pea2 and the type V Myosin Myo2 that anchors Myo2 at the cortex of yeast cells. We discovered a point mutation in the cargo-binding domain of Myo2 that impairs the interaction with Pea2 and consequently the formation and focused localization of the polarisome. Cells carrying this mutation grow round instead of elongated buds. Further experiments and biophysical modeling suggest that polarisome nanoparticles use multiple copies of Myo2 and an actin filament polymerizing activity to drive the assembly of the polarisome and sustain its compact shape.
An improved 3DMax algorithm to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of the chromosome
Authors: Liu Liwei , Yao Huili 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, with the development of high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology and the reduction of high-throughput sequencing cost, the data volume of whole-genome interaction has increased rapidly, and the resolution of interaction map keeps improving. Great progress has been made in the research of 3D structure modeling of chromosomes and genomes. Several methods have been proposed to construct the chromosome structure from chromosome conformation capture data. Based on the Hi-C data, this paper analyses the relevant literature of chromosome 3D structure reconstruction and it summarizes the principle of 3DMAX, which is a classical algorithm to construct the 3D structure of a chromosome. In this paper, we introduce a new gradient ascent optimization algorithm called XNadam that is a variant of Nadam optimization method. When XNadam is applied to 3DMax algorithm, the performance of 3DMax algorithm can be improved, which can be used to predict the three-dimensional structure of a chromosome.Author summaryThe exploration of the three-dimensional structure of chromosomes has gradually become a necessary means to understand the relationship between genome function and gene regulation. An important problem in the construction of three-dimensional model is how to use the interaction map. Usually, the interaction frequency can be transformed into the spatial distance according to the deterministic or non-deterministic function relationship, and the interaction frequency can be weighted as weight in the objective function of the optimization problem. When the frequency of interaction is weighted as weight in the objective function of the optimization problem, what kind of optimization method is used to optimize the objective function is the problem we consider. In order to solve this problem, we provide an improved stochastic gradient ascent optimization algorithm(XNadam). The XNadam optimization algorithm combined with maximum likelihood algorithm is applied to high resolution Hi-C data set to infer 3D chromosome structure.
IL-33 expression in response to SARS-CoV-2 correlates with seropositivity in COVID-19 convalescent individuals
Authors: Stanczak Michal A. , Sanin David E. , Apostolova Petya , Nerz Gabriele , Lampaki Dimitrios , Hofmann Maike , Steinmann Daniel , Thimme Robert , Mittler Gerhard , Waller Cornelius F. , Pearce Edward J. , Pearce Erika L. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTOur understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still developing. We investigated seroprevalence and immune responses in subjects professionally exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and their family members (155 individuals; ages 5–79 years). Seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein aligned with PCR results that confirmed previous infection. Anti-spike IgG titers remained high 60 days post-infection and did not associate with symptoms, but spike-specific IgM did associate with malaise and fever. We found limited household transmission, with children of infected individuals seldomly seropositive, highlighting professional exposure as the dominant route of infection in our cohort. We analyzed PBMCs from a subset of seropositive and seronegative adults. TLR7 agonist-activation revealed an increased population of IL-6+TNF-IL-1β+ monocytes, while SARS-CoV-2 peptide stimulation elicited IL-33, IL-6, IFNa2, and IL-23 expression in seropositive individuals. IL-33 correlated with CD4+ T cell activation in PBMCs from convalescent subjects, and was likely due to T cell-mediated effects on IL-33-producing cells. IL-33 is associated with pulmonary infection and chronic diseases like asthma and COPD, but its role in COVID-19 is unknown. Analysis of published scRNAseq data of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with mild to severe COVID-19 revealed a population of IL-33-producing cells that increases with disease. Together these findings show that IL-33 production is linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection and warrant further investigation of IL-33 in COVID-19 pathogenesis and immunity.
Distinct patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in two nearby communities in Wisconsin, USA
Authors: Moreno Gage K. , Braun Katarina M. , Riemersma Kasen K. , Martin Michael A. , Halfmann Peter J. , Crooks Chelsea M , Prall Trent , Baker David , Baczenas John J. , Heffron Anna S. , Ramuta Mitchell , Khubbar Manjeet , Weiler Andrea M. , Accola Molly A. , Rehrauer William M , O’Connor Shelby L. , Safdar Nasia , Pepperell Caitlin S. , Dasu Trivikram , Bhattacharyya Sanjib , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Koelle Katia , O’Connor David H. , Friedrich Thomas C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvidence-based public health approaches that minimize the introduction and spread of new SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters are urgently needed in the United States and other countries struggling with expanding epidemics. Here we analyze 247 full-genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences from two nearby communities in Wisconsin, USA, and find surprisingly distinct patterns of viral spread. Dane County had the 12th known introduction of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, but this did not lead to descendant community spread. Instead, the Dane County outbreak was seeded by multiple later introductions, followed by limited community spread. In contrast, relatively few introductions in Milwaukee County led to extensive community spread. We present evidence for reduced viral spread in both counties, and limited viral transmission between counties, following the statewide “Safer at Home” public health order, which went into effect 25 March 2020. Our results suggest that early containment efforts suppressed the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within Wisconsin.
Multiple control mechanisms for employee health and safety integration: effects and complementarity
Authors: Passetti Emilio , Battaglia Massimo , Testa Francesco , Heras-Saizarbitoria Iñaki 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the extent to which health and safety action controls, results controls and informal controls affect the integration of health and safety issues into management actions, which in turn leads to improve health and safety performance. It also investigates the extent to which those health and safety control mechanisms contribute complementarily to the integration of health and safety issues.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 108 Italian non-listed firms tests a set of hypotheses based on complementarity theory and object of control framework.FindingsNot all the health and safety control mechanisms positively influence the integration of health and safety issues into business practices and external stakeholder relations. Complementarity between health and safety control mechanisms is significant only for higher health and safety performance companies, indicating that the health and safety control mechanisms operate as a package.Research limitations/implicationsThe health and safety performance measure could be replaced in future research by improved inter-subjectively testable information, although collecting health and safety quantitative data is difficult. An additional limitation is the response rate.Practical implicationsThe findings encourage companies to design and use a comprehensive set of health and safety control mechanisms to promote a healthy workplace.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the management control, sustainability management control and health and safety accounting literature. The paper provides an in-depth interdisciplinary analysis of the effectiveness of different control mechanisms in the context of health and safety that hitherto has rarely been investigated despite the multiple importance of the topic.