bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐fire processing and microwave dielectric properties of LB glass‐doped Ba3.75Nd9.5Ti17.5(Cr0.5Nb0.5)0.5O54 ceramic
Authors: Xiong Zhe , Tang Bin , Zhang Xing , Yang Chengtao , Fang Zixuan , Zhang Shuren 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effects of LB glass on the sintering behavior, structure, and dielectric properties for the Ba3.75Nd9.5Ti17.5(Cr0.5Nb0.5)0.5O54 (BNTCN) ceramic were investigated. The results showed that the LB glass, as an effective sintering aid, successfully lowered the sintering temperature of BNTCN ceramic by formation of the liquid phase. Furthermore, the change of the structure and decrease in grain size had influences on the electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and microwave dielectric properties for the BNTCN ceramics doped LB glass. Finally, the excellent microwave dielectric properties with εr = 73.4, Q × f = 5277 GHz, and τf = +7.1 ppm/°C were obtained for samples sintered at 950°C when x = 5, indicating the BNTCN ceramic doped with 5 wt% LB glass is a promoting LTCC material.
Mean and visit‐to‐visit variability of glycated hemoglobin, and the risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yoo Jee Hee , Kang Mira , Kim Gyuri , Hur Kyu Yeon , Kim Jae Hyeon , Sinn Dong Hyun , Jin Sang‐Man 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe aimed to determine whether mean and visit‐to‐visit glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) variability independently increase the incidence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) across the diabetic continuum from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to established diabetes.Materials and MethodsIn a longitudinal cohort study, 21,123 participants underwent five or more annual health screening checkups. Participants were categorized into diabetes (n = 1,635), prediabetes (n = 6,650) and NGT (n = 12,838) groups. Mean, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation data on HbA1c were obtained from three consecutive measurements. The associations between those data and incident NAFLD were analyzed using Cox regressions.ResultsOver a median follow‐up period of 57 months, 3,860 (18.3%) participants developed NAFLD. The risk of NAFLD increased continuously, with the mean HbA1c beginning at 4.9%, even in the NGT group. We found a significant association between increasing HbA1c variability and incident NAFLD (coefficient of variation, adjusted hazard ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.29; standard deviation, adjusted hazard ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.36) in the diabetes group, but not in the NGT or prediabetes group. Consistent findings were observed when NAFLD patients with a low possibility of fibrosis were excluded. The association between the coefficient of variation of HbA1c and incident NAFLD in the diabetes group was significant only in those with an increasing trend of post‐baseline HbA1c (adjusted hazard ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.52).ConclusionsIncreased mean HbA1c levels elevated the risk of incident NAFLD, even with NGT. Increases in visit‐to‐visit variability of HbA1c independently elevated the risk of incident NAFLD, but only in the diabetes group.
Normal parathyroid hormone and non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sun Shengnan , Wang Yahao , Ma Wenru , Cheng Bingfei , Dong Bingzi , Zhao Yuhang , Hu Jianxia , Zhou Yue , Huang Yajing , Wei Fanxiang , Wang Yangang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the associations between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsData were collected from 2,322 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in hospital between 2017 and 2019. The odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval related to the quartiles of PTH were obtained by logistic regression analysis after adjusting the potential confounding variation.ResultsThe patients were stratified into quartiles (Q1–Q4) based on the PTH levels, with the cut‐off limits of ≤23.74, 23.74–29.47, 29.47–37.30 and >37.30 pg/mL in men, and ≤24.47, 24.47–31.22, 31.22–39.49 and >39.49 pg/mL in women. The first quartile (Q1) represents the lowest quartile and the fourth quartile (Q4) is the highest. According to the quartiles (Q1–Q4), the prevalence rate of NPDR in patients showed a significantly decreasing trend (37.9%, 36.3%, 34.0% vs 24.0% in men; 43.2%, 40.5%, 31.1% vs 26.2% in women, both P < 0.05). Independent of age, diabetes duration and other metabolic factors, multivariate logistic regression showed that participants in Q4 had a lower OR of NPDR than those in Q1 (OR 0.443, 95% confidence interval 0.300–0.654, P < 0.001 for men; OR 0.428, 95% confidence interval 0.283–0.646, P < 0.001 for women).ConclusionsLow serum PTH levels were significantly associated with complications of NPDR in inpatients. Its causality remains to be further studied.
Effect of cytosol viscosity on the flow behavior of red blood cell suspensions in microvessels
Authors: Chien Wei , Gompper Gerhard , Fedosov Dmitry A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe flow behavior of blood is strongly affected by red blood cell (RBC) properties, such as the viscosity ratio C between cytosol and suspending medium, which can significantly be altered in several pathologies (e.g. sickle‐cell disease, malaria). The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of C on macroscopic blood flow properties such as flow resistance in microvessels, and to link it to the deformation and dynamics of single RBCs.MethodsWe employ mesoscopic hydrodynamic simulations to investigate flow properties of RBC suspensions with different cytosol viscosities for various flow conditions in cylindrical microchannels.ResultsStarting from a dispersed cell configuration which approximates RBC dispersion at vessel bifurcations in the microvasculature, we find that the flow convergence and development of RBC‐free layer (RBC‐FL) depend only weakly on C, and require a convergence length in the range of 25D–50D, where D is channel diameter. In vessels with , the final resistance of developed flow is nearly the same for C = 5 and C = 1, while for , the flow resistance for C = 5 is about 10% larger than for C = 1. The similarities and differences in flow resistance can be explained by viscosity‐dependent RBC‐FL thicknesses, which are associated with the viscosity‐dependent dynamics of single RBCs.ConclusionsThe weak effect on the flow resistance and RBC‐FL explains why RBCs can contain a high concentration of hemoglobin for efficient oxygen delivery, without a pronounced increase in the flow resistance. Furthermore, our results suggest that significant alterations in microvascular flow in various pathologies are likely not due to mere changes in cytosolic viscosity.
The JA‐responsive MYC2‐BADH‐like transcriptional regulatory module in Poncirus trifoliata contributes to cold tolerance by modulation of glycine betaine biosynthesis
Authors: Ming Ruhong , Zhang Yang , Wang Yue , Khan Madiha , Dahro Bachar , Liu Ji‐Hong 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Glycine betaine (GB) is known to accumulate in plants exposed to cold, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and associated regulatory network remain unclear.

Here, we demonstrated that PtrMYC2 of Poncirus trifoliata integrates the jasmonic acid (JA) signal to modulate cold‐induced GB accumulation by directly regulating PtrBADH‐l, a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH)‐like gene.

PtrBADH‐l was identified based on transcriptome and expression analysis in P. trifoliata. Overexpression and VIGS (virus‐induced gene silencing)‐mediated knockdown showed that PtrBADH‐l plays a positive role in cold tolerance and GB synthesis. Yeast one‐hybrid library screening using PtrBADH‐l promoter as baits unraveled PtrMYC2 as an interacting candidate. PtrMYC2 was confirmed to directly bind to two G‐box cis‐acting elements within PtrBADH‐l promoter and acts as a transcriptional activator. In addition, PtrMYC2 functions positively in cold tolerance through modulation of GB synthesis by regulating PtrBADH‐l expression. Interestingly, we found that GB accumulation under cold stress was JA‐dependent and that PtrMYC2 orchestrates JA‐mediated PtrBADH‐l upregulation and GB accumulation.

This study sheds new light on the roles of MYC2 homolog in modulating GB synthesis. In particular, we propose a transcriptional regulatory module PtrMYC2‐PtrBADH‐l to advance the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the GB accumulation under cold stress.
Uncoupling root hair formation and defence activation from growth inhibition in response to damage‐associated Pep peptides in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Okada Kentaro , Kubota Yuki , Hirase Taishi , Otani Koichi , Goh Tatsuaki , Hiruma Kei , Saijo Yusuke 
Published: November 2020

Summary

In Arabidopsis thaliana, PROPEPs and their derived elicitor‐active Pep epitopes provide damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which trigger defence responses through cell‐surface receptors PEPR1 and PEPR2. In addition, Pep peptides induce root growth inhibition and root hair formation, however their relationships and coordinating mechanisms are poorly understood.

Here, we reveal that Pep1‐mediated root hair formation requires PEPR‐associated kinases BAK1/BKK1 and BIK1/PBL1, ethylene, auxin and root hair differentiation regulators, in addition to PEPR2.

Our analysis on 69 accessions unravels intraspecies variations in Pep1‐induced root hair formation and growth inhibition. The absence of a positive correlation between the two traits suggests their separate regulation and diversification in natural populations of A. thaliana.

Restricted PEPR2 expression to certain root tissues is sufficient to induce root hair formation and growth inhibition in response to Pep1, indicating the capacity of non‐cell‐autonomous receptor signalling in different root tissues. Of particular note, root hair cell‐specific PEPR2 expression uncouples defence activation from root growth inhibition and root hair formation, suggesting a unique property of root hairs in root defence activation following Pep1 recognition.
Estimating Flood Risk Impact on Farmland Values Using Boundary Discontinuity: Evidence from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Authors: Wang Haoying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA major consequence of climate change is the growing precipitation variability around many parts of the world leading to increased occurrences of floods. While there has been a rich literature on flood risk in the urban context, flood risk in the agricultural sector has been understudied. The goal of this study is to estimate the impact of flood risk on farmland values in a watershed with active agricultural activities. The novelty of the study is to use the spatial boundary discontinuities along floodplains as a way to control unobserved spatial heterogeneities in a regression analysis framework. Using parcel‐level data from Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA), we show that cropland is more vulnerable to potential flood risk compared to noncrop farmland. Specifically, cropland parcels on average experience a 13% (or $3,895/acre in 2015 USD, with the 95% confidence interval being [$510, $7352]) value reduction if exposed to a 1% or higher annual chance of flooding. The flood risk impact on noncrop farmland is statistically insignificant. The difference between cropland and noncrop farmland in valuing the potential flood risk implies different flood preparedness and risk management strategies. Based on the empirical findings, policy implications for flood insurance, agricultural water management, land‐use practice, and other flood mitigation strategies are explored.
Parental structuring during shared chores and the development of helping across the second year
Authors: Kärtner Joscha , Giner Torréns Marta , Schuhmacher Nils 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis lab‐based longitudinal study examines whether parental structuring (i.e., encouragement, modeling, and praise) has effects on helping behavior across developmental time, across recipients or both. Based on behavioral data assessed at 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months (N = 38 dyads), the main findings are that, first, when analyzing the effects of parental structuring on toddlers' helping across developmental time (helping the parent 3 months later), we found a positive effect of modeling at 12 months and of praise at 15 months. Second, when analyzing the effect of parental structuring on toddlers' helping across recipients, there were positive cross‐sectional associations of both caregivers' encouragement and praise during parent–child interactions with helping the experimenter between 12 and 18 months. Third, when applying the strictest criterion, namely an effect of parental structuring that generalizes across both developmental time and recipients, we found that modeling at 18 months had an effect on toddlers' helping toward an experimenter at 21 months. Overall, this study demonstrates how important it is to explicate the assumptions under consideration when drawing conclusions about the socialization of early prosocial behavior. Together with recent studies, an emerging picture further consolidates, namely that parental encouragement, modeling, and praise contribute to prosocial development in important ways.
Phosphorus desorption and isotope exchange kinetics in agricultural soils
Authors: Braun Sabina , McLaren Timothy I. , Frossard Emmanuel , Tuyishime J. R. Marius , Börjesson Gunnar , Gustafsson Jon Petter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo improve phosphorus (P) fertilization and environmental assessments, a better understanding of release kinetics of solid‐phase P to soil solution is needed. In this study, Fe (hydr)oxide‐coated filter papers (Fh papers), isotopic exchange kinetics (IEK) and chemical extractions were used to assess the sizes of fast and slowly desorbing P pools in the soils of six long‐term Swedish field experiments. The P desorption data from the Fh‐paper extraction of soil (20 days of continual P removal) were fitted with the Lookman two‐compartment desorption model, which estimates the pools of fast (Q1) and slowly (Q2) desorbing P, and their desorption rates k1 and k2. The amounts of isotope‐exchangeable P (E) were calculated (E1min to E>3 months) and compared with Q1 and Q2. The strongest relationship was found between E1 min and Q1 (r2 = .87, p < .01). There was also an inverse relationship between the IEK parameter n (the rate of exchange) and k1 (r2 = .52, p < .01) and k2 (r2 = .52, p < .01), suggesting that a soil with a high value of n desorbs less P per time unit. The relationships between these results show that they deliver similar information, but both methods are hard to implement in routine analysis. However, Olsen‐extractable P was similar in magnitude to Q1 (P‐Olsen = 1.1 × Q1 + 2.3, r2 = .96), n and k1 were related to P‐Olsen/P‐CaCl2, while k2 was related to P‐oxalate/P‐Olsen. Therefore, these extractions can be used to estimate the sizes and desorption rates of the different P pools, which could be important for assessments of plant availability and leaching.
L2 German Learners' Perceptions and Use of an Online Semantic Frame‐Based Dictionary
Authors: Lorenz Alexander , Crane Cori , Benjamin John , Boas Hans 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo know a word receptively and productively, second language (L2) learners must have knowledge of a word's form, meaning, and use, including grammatical functions and collocational patterns (Nation, 2001). Frame semantics (Fillmore, 1982) provides a useful model to help L2 learners deepen their lexical knowledge. A functional and construction grammar developed to explain form‐function pairings, the model views “frame” as a meaningful linguistic structuring device evoked by sets of related lexical items. These diverse lexical units exist along a continuum, theorized in Construction Grammar, from individual to multi‐word to abstract schematic constructions. Building on recent studies that explore frame semantics' potential for L2 vocabulary acquisition (e.g., Atzler, 2011; Boas & Dux, 2013; Boas, Dux, & Ziem, 2016), this study investigated how beginning and intermediate L2 learners of German (N=65) perceive and report interacting with a frame‐based dictionary, the German Frame‐Semantic Online Lexicon (G‐FOL). Discussion centers on the affordances G‐FOL offers in learning mulitfaceted aspects of vocabulary knowledge, which textbooks often fail to address (Neary‐Sundquist, 2015). The study provides teachers, program directors, and designers of frame‐based dictionaries with valuable information about the perceived usefulness of frame semantics for L2 learners across instructional levels.
Europe Fluvial: Multilingual Cultural Studies On‐Site
Authors: Miller Matthew D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article details recent efforts to develop the undergraduate German curriculum with a focus on innovations in on‐site linguistic and cultural‐historical learning. Amid challenges stemming from the shifting functions of higher education, the changing profiles of student interests, and the evolving contours of our field, 21st‐century German Studies in the U.S. increasingly finds itself in a mixed position of duress and opportunity. To continue to assert the value and relevance of our undertaking, we will likely do well to pursue German Studies' global turn. Without forfeiting the critical backbone of the discipline or our commitment to language acquisition and the emancipatory potentials of Bildung, we can articulate our areas of inquiry capaciously, for example, elaborate Germanophone Studies within a landscape of multilingual and multinational humanities as well as demonstrate German Studies' sensitivity and responsiveness to students' orientations, interests, and needs. Highlighting such efforts with regard to curricular innovation and on‐site learning, “Europe Fluvial” presents reflections on a cocurricular trip with students of French and German to the upper Rhine region as a case study of what multilingual European cultural studies can accomplish.
Histone H3K27 dimethylation landscapes contribute to genome stability and genetic recombination during wheat polyploidization
Authors: Liu Yanfeng , Yuan Jingya , Jia Guanghong , Ye Wenxue , Jeffrey Chen Z. , Song Qingxin 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYBread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an allohexaploid that was formed via two allopolyploidization events. Growing evidence suggests histone modifications are involved in the response to ‘genomic shock’ and environmental adaptation during polyploid formation and evolution. However, the role of histone modifications, especially histone H3 lysine‐27 dimethylation (H3K27me2), in genome evolution remains elusive. Here we analyzed H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 profiles in hexaploid wheat and its tetraploid and diploid relatives. Although H3K27me3 levels were relatively stable among wheat species with different ploidy levels, H3K27me2 intensities increased concurrent with increased ploidy levels, and H3K27me2 peaks were colocalized with massively amplified DTC transposons (CACTA family) in euchromatin, which may silence euchromatic transposons to maintain genome stability during polyploid wheat evolution. Consistently, the distribution of H3K27me2 is mutually exclusive with another repressive histone mark, H3K9me2, that mainly silences transposons in heterochromatic regions. Remarkably, the regions with low H3K27me2 levels (named H3K27me2 valleys) were associated with the formation of DNA double‐strand breaks in genomes of wheat, maize (Zea mays) and Arabidopsis. Our results provide a comprehensive view of H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 distributions during wheat evolution, which support roles for H3K27me2 in silencing euchromatic transposons to maintain genome stability and in modifying genetic recombination landscapes. These genomic insights may empower breeding improvement of crops.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: November 2020

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 6 Abootaleb Shirvani, Texas Tech University, USAAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelDilshodjon Rakhmonov, Tashkent State University of Economics, UzbekistanDjebali Nesrine, University of Jendouba, TunisiaHichem Maraghni, University of Taibah, TunisiaIulia Lupu, Victor Slavescu” Centre for Financial and Monetary Research, Romanian Academy, RomaniaMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyOlena Sokolovska, St. Petersburg State University, UkraineOltiana Muharremi Pelari, Stonehill College in Ma, USARajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, IndiaRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USAShahram Fattahi, Razi University, IranSteven V. Cates, Purdue University-Global, USASzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Moldova Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Practice of adoption in Aotearoa before the 1881 Adoption of Children Act
Authors: Newman Erica 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION: With the arrival of Europeans in Aotearoa New Zealand came a familial kinship structure and ideas of caring and nurturing children different from that of indigenous Māori society. Europeans brought with them a practice of adoption, a concept that differed from the indigenous kinship practice of whāngai. This led to misunderstandings between the two cultures about care arrangements, particularly when a Māori child was left with a European couple. Even the reasons why Māori engaged in this type of arrangement was often not fully understood by Europeans. For Māori, these arrangements were usually temporary, while Europeans considered them to be permanent. Hence, we have the beginning of the challenges that contributed to the creation of the 1881 Adoption of Infants Act, a first within the British Empire.APPROACH: This article begins with a description of the Māori practice of whāngai and the European practice of adoption preceding the 1881 act, highlighting the key differences between each—the most significant difference being the European idea of permanent and the Māori idea of temporary care arrangements.