bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional study of novel PAX9 variants: The paired domain and non‐syndromic oligodontia
Authors: Sun Kai , Yu Miao , Yeh Iting , Zhang Liutao , Liu Haochen , Cai Tao , Feng Hailan , Liu Yang , Han Dong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate pathogenic variants of the paired box 9 (PAX9) gene in patients with non‐syndromic oligodontia, and the functional impact of these variants.Subjects and MethodsWhole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were utilized to detect gene variants in a cohort of 80 patients diagnosed with non‐syndromic oligodontia. Bioinformatic and conformational analyses, fluorescence microscopy and luciferase reporter assay were employed to explore the functional impact.ResultsWe identified three novel variants in the PAX9, including two frameshift variants (c.211_212insA; p.I71Nfs*246 and c.236_237insAC; p.T80Lfs*6), and one missense variant (c.229C > G; p.R77G). Familial co‐segregation verified an autosomal‐dominant inheritance pattern. Conformational analyses revealed that the variants resided in the paired domain, and could cause corresponding structural impairment of the PAX9 protein. Fluorescence microscopy showed abnormal subcellular localizations of frameshift variants, and luciferase assay showed impaired downstream transactivation activities of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) gene in all variants.ConclusionsOur findings broaden the spectrum of PAX9 variants in patients with non‐syndromic oligodontia and support that paired domain structural impairment and the dominant‐negative effect are likely the underlying mechanisms of PAX9‐related non‐syndromic oligodontia. Our findings will facilitate genetic diagnosis and counselling, and help lay the foundation for precise oral health therapies.
Identification of Abnormal Spindle Microtubule Assembly as a Promising Therapeutic Target for Osteosarcoma
Authors: Lin Peng , Liang Li‐yan , Dong Yao‐zhong , Ren Zhi‐peng , Zhao He‐jun , Li Gui‐shi 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the expression of abnormal spindle microtubule assembly (ASPM) in clinical osteosarcoma tissue specimens collected in our hospital, and to explore the function of ASPM in osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo.MethodsTissue specimens from 82 cases of osteosarcoma were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry assay. We also investigated the relationship between ASPM expression and clinicopathological characteristics in the patients. We transfected shASPM plasmid and the empty control plasmid, respectively, and then used quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis to detect ASPM expression. Cell colony assay and MTT were used to observe the proliferation ability. In vivo study was undertaken to explore the ASPM function further.ResultsIn this study, ASPM showed high expression in osteosarcoma tissue samples compared with non‐tumor normal tissues. ASPM was positively correlated with clinical pathological characteristics, including tumor size (P = 0.024) and clinical stage (P = 0.045). Our results further showed that ASPM depletion dramatically inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells (with fewer cells in the sh‐RNA‐ASPM group compared with the control group(P < 0.05, respectively), and the in vivo assays further confirmed that ASPM ablation markedly blocked tumor growth compared with control (P < 0.05).ConclusionOur data provides strong evidence that the high expression of ASPM in osteosarcoma promotes proliferation in vitro and in vivo, indicating its potential role as an osteosarcoma therapeutic target.
The transcription factors of tall fescue in response to temperature stress
Authors: Li X.Y. , Wang Y. , Dai Y. , He Y. , Li C.X. , Mao P. , Ma X.R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is an important grass species worldwide, but temperature stress severely affects its distribution and yield. Transcription factors (TFs), as the master switches in sophisticated regulatory networks, play essential roles in plant growth development and abiotic stress responses.

In this study, the comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to explore the commonalities and differences in the response of TFs to the heat (40 °C), cold (10 °C) and control (22 °C) conditions.

A total of 877 TF genes belonging to 35 families were identified. Most of them (784) were differentially expressed genes (DEG), indicating TF genes actively responded to temperature stress. The expression of bZIP and GTF family members was up‐regulated when exposed to both heat and cold, but conversely, the expression of the most WRKY and NAC families members decreased. The HSF and GTE families and DREB2B were up‐regulated upon heat, while bHLH, MYB, HD‐ZIP and ERF families were elevated under cold stress. The TFs involved in ‘Plant hormone signal transduction’, ‘Plant‐pathogen interaction’, ‘Circadian rhythm’ play major roles in responding to temperature stresses.

The results showed the temperature threats up‐regulated the expression of stress tolerance‐related genes, and down‐regulated those genes associated with growth and disease resistance, indicating TFs exert crucial roles in plant adaptation to an adverse environment. This study profiled the responsive pattern of TFs to temperature stresses, partially explained the mechanism of adaptations of cold‐season forage crops and screened many candidate stress‐tolerant TF genes.
Seasonal variations in the skin parameters of Caucasian women from Central Europe
Authors: Dolečková Iva , Čápová Aneta , Machková Lenka , Moravčíková Soňa , Marešová Markéta , Velebný Vladimír 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe human skin is greatly affected by external factors such as UV radiation (UVR), ambient temperature (T), and air humidity. These factors oscillate during the year giving rise to the seasonal variations in the skin properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of seasons, environmental T, relative and absolute humidity on the skin parameters of Caucasian women, perform a literature review and discuss the possible factors lying behind the found changes.Materials and MethodsWe measured stratum corneum (SC) hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum level, erythema index, and elasticity parameters R2 and R7 on the forehead and the cheek of Caucasian women from the Czech Republic throughout the year. We also performed a non‐systematic literature review focused on the seasonal variations in these skin parameters.ResultsWe confirmed a well‐documented low SC hydration and sebum production in winter. In spring, we found the lowest TEWL (on the forehead) and the highest SC hydration but also the highest erythema index and the lowest elasticity presumably indicating skin photodamage. For most of the skin parameters, the seasonal variations probably arise due to a complex action of different factors as we extensively discussed.ConclusionThe data about the seasonal variations in the skin parameters are still highly inconsistent and further studies are needed for better understanding of the normal skin changes throughout the year.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: October 2020

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 11 Alphonce John Amuli, ADEM, TanzaniaDonna Smith, The Open University, UKIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJonathan Chitiyo, University of Pittsburgh Bradford, USAKeyla Ferrari Lopes, UNICAMP, BrazilLaura Bruno, The College of New Jersey, USALucy Lugo Mawang, Kenyatta University, KenyaMary Sciaraffa, Eastern Kentucky University, USAMaurizio Sajeva, Pellervo Economic Research PTT, FinlandMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyMinh Duc Duong, Thai Nguyen University, VietnamMustafa Çakır, Marmara University, TurkeyNiveen M. Zayed, MENA College of Management, JordanRachel Geesa, Ball State University, USARichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASaadet Korucu Kis, Necmettin Erbakan University, TurkeySelloane Pitikoe, University of Eswatini, EswatiniThada Jantakoon, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, ThailandVjacheslav Ivanovich Babich, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, UkraineYuChun Chen, Louisiana Tech University, USA Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAE-mail 1: jets@redfame.comE-mail 2: jets@redfame.orgURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Strategic Damping Placement in Viscoelastic Bandgap Structures: Dissecting the Metadamping Phenomenon in Multiresonator Metamaterials
Authors: Aladwani A. , Nouh M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Energy dissipation in polymeric composite metamaterials requires special mathematical models owing to the viscoelastic nature of their constituents, namely, the polymeric matrix, bonding agent, and local resonators. Unlike traditional composites, viscoelastic metamaterials possess a unique ability to exhibit strong wave attenuation while retaining high stiffness as a result of the “metadamping” phenomenon attributed to local resonances. The objective of this work is to investigate viscoelastic metadamping in one-dimensional multibandgap metamaterials by combining the linear hereditary theory of viscoelasticity with the Floquet-Bloch theory of wave propagation in infinite elastic media. Important distinctions between metamaterial and phononic unit cell models are explained based on the free wave approach with wavenumber-eliminated damping-frequency band structures. The developed model enables viscoelastic metadamping to be investigated by varying two independent relaxation parameters describing the viscoelasticity level in the host structure and the integrated resonators. The dispersion mechanics within high damping regimes and the effects of boundary conditions on the damped response are detailed. The results reveal that in a multiresonator cell, strategic damping placement in the individual resonators plays a profound role in shaping intermediate dispersion branches and dictating the primary and secondary frequency regions of interest, within which attenuation is most required.
Arbitrarily Patterned Active Wrinkles in Highly Stretched Substrate-Free Dielectric Elastic Membrane
Authors: Xiang Junxiang , Guo Jiaojiao , Li Bo , Li Yingwei , Ouyang Linhui , Shui Langquan , Liu Ze 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dynamic wrinkle patterns provide an effective approach for on-demand tuning of membrane optical and mechanical properties to realize a smart membrane. Related applications depend on forming and controlling of a sophisticated wrinkling region. Herein, by using strip-structured electrode couples, we enable regular and ordered wrinkling patterns in an arbitrarily shaped region in a pre-stretched substrate-free dielectric elastic membrane. By considering the electromechanical coupling in a substrate-free hyperelastic membrane, the winkling condition and wavelength are predicated theoretically. Supported by the theoretical results, a series of experimental and numerical demonstrations are realized. The method proposed in this work provides a general framework for forming controllable highly ordered wrinkling patterns in a complex/large area of a substrate-free membrane, which could provide useful guidance for the application of dielectric elastomers in intelligent materials and structures.
Determining a Lower Bound Mixed Mode Failure Curve for An Interface Crack Between Single Crystal Silicon and Silicone Rubber
Authors: Matli Subramanyam Reddy , Rubin Ella , Banks-Sills Leslie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn interface crack between single crystal silicon (SC-Si) and silicone rubber is examined. The first term of the asymptotic solution for this interface crack is derived. Mixed mode fracture tests were performed on Brazilian disk specimens at different mode mixities. Finite element analyses (FEAs) of these tests were carried out in abaqus. A cubic (anisotropic) material model is used for SC-Si. Two different material models were used for silicone rubber: a linear elastic model for the asymptotic solution and a Mooney–Rivlin (hyperelastic) model for the FEA. The FEAs showed that large deformations were relegated to a small region surrounding the crack tip. Hence, a K-dominate region exists in which linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) may be used. From the FEAs of the Brazilian disk specimens, energy release rates were determined using the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) and displacement extrapolation (DE) methods which were corroborated by J-integral values evaluated using the contour integral method. Elsewhere, it was demonstrated that properly implemented, the VCCT method may be used for interface cracks. A mixed mode failure criterion is obtained from the energy release rate data. The SC-Si failed before the interface crack propagated. Hence, the failure curve obtained in this study should be considered as a lower bound of the critical energy release rate for this material pair.
Dent Imperfections in Shell Buckling: The Role of Geometry, Residual Stress, and Plasticity
Authors: Gerasimidis S. , Hutchinson J. W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Departures of the geometry of the middle surface of a thin shell from the perfect shape have long been regarded as the most deleterious imperfections responsible for reducing a shell’s buckling capacity. Here, systematic simulations are conducted for both spherical and cylindrical metal shells whereby, in the first step, dimple-shaped dents are created by indenting a perfect shell into the plastic range. Then, in the second step, buckling of the dented shell is analyzed, under external pressure for the spherical shells and in axial compression for the cylindrical shells. Three distinct buckling analyses are carried out: (1) elastic buckling accounting only for the geometry of the dent, (2) elastic buckling accounting for both dent geometry and residual stresses, and (3) a full elastic–plastic buckling analysis accounting for both the dent geometry and residual stresses. The analyses reveal the relative importance of the geometry and the residual stress associated with the dent, and they also provide a clear indicator of whether plasticity is important in establishing the buckling load of the dented shells.
Risk Analysis of Engineering Change for Distributed Product Design
Authors: Yin Leilei , Sun Quan , Xu Youxiong , Shao Li , Tang Dunbing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, customer demand for satisfactory product developed in limited time is rapidly posing a major challenge to product design, and more distributed products are developed to address these concerns. In the distributed product design, engineering change (EC) is an inevitable phenomenon and consumes much production time. It is necessary to assess the design change effectively in advance. Some methods and tools to predict and analyze the change propagation influence have been provided. From the perspective of design change duration, our work extends the method of assessing design change by incorporating risk factors from different working groups in multiple design sites, and functional maintenance during the change propagation. The primary result of this work is the provision of a design support to acquire the optimal design change scheme by estimating the duration. In this paper, risk factor for distributed design is applied to the influence evaluation of change propagation, which implies an increase of change propagation influence due to the varying levels of expertise and possible lack of communication. Besides, a deterministic simulation model is proposed to assess the change propagation schemes. The model combines the effects of design change parallelism, iteration, and change propagation for the distributed product design. Based on the simulation results, a more focused discussion and identification of suitable design change schemes can be made. A case study of an assembly tooling for the reinforced frame is implemented to demonstrate how the developed method can be applied. Finally, the method is initially discussed and evaluated.
Does a Finite-Time Double Support Period Increase Walking Stability for Planar Bipeds?
Authors: Williams Daniel S. , Martin Anne E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For many planar bipedal models, each step is divided into a finite time single support period and an instantaneous double support period. During single support, the biped is typically underactuated and thus has limited ability to reject disturbances. The instantaneous nature of the double support period prevents nonimpulsive control during this period. However, if the double support period is expanded to finite time, it becomes overactuated. While it has been hypothesized that this overactuation during a finite-time double support period may improve disturbance rejection capabilities, this has not yet been tested. This paper presents a refined biped model by developing a finite-time, adaptive double support controller capable of handling the overactuation and limiting slip. Using simulations, we quantify the disturbance rejection capabilities of this controller and directly compare them to a typical, instantaneous double support model for a range of gait speeds and perturbations. We find that the finite-time double support controller increased the walking stability of the biped in approximately half of the cases, indicating that a finite-time double support period does not automatically increase disturbance rejection capabilities. We also find that the timing and magnitude of the perturbation can affect if a finite-time double support period enhances stability. Finally, we demonstrate that the adaptive controller reduces slipping.
Interaction Between Coriolis Forces and Mistuning on a Cyclic Symmetric Structure With Geometrical Nonlinearity
Authors: Tacher Anthony , Thouverez Fabrice , Armand Jason 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An investigation of the interaction between Coriolis forces and mistuning on a cyclic symmetric structure is presented in this paper. The sensitivity of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors to mistuning is first studied with the perturbation method. A lumped parameter model is used to perform a modal analysis using a numerical approach after which geometrical nonlinearity is added to compare behavior with the linear case. Two different modes are thoroughly investigated for different rotational speeds, the first with an eigenvalue isolated from the others and the second presenting a frequency veering zone. The evolution from a standing wave domination at low speeds to a traveling wave domination at high speeds is observed for the isolated mode, whereas a standing wave domination remains around the veering zone for the second mode studied. It is also shown that the geometrical nonlinearity reinforces the mistuning effect versus the Coriolis forces.
Simulation of Optimizing the Partial Load Performance of a Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Using Exhaust Heat Recuperation and Inlet Bleed Heating
Authors: Moon Seong Won , Kim Tong Seop 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel method to extend the operating range and improve the partial load efficiency of the gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC). The combination of exhaust heat recuperation and inlet bleed heating (IBH) was evaluated through a cycle simulation. The degree of heat recuperation was modulated during partial load operation to enhance the cycle efficiency. The recuperation ratio was modulated before control of the variable inlet guide vane (VIGV) began. This means that the recuperation control covers the high partial load regime. The gas turbine power remained almost constant in this regime because the inlet flow rate and turbine inlet temperature (TIT) were kept constant. In contrast, the power of the bottoming cycle decreased with increasing recuperation ratio due to the decrease in exhaust gas energy. After the recuperation ratio reached a limit, the load control was the same, as in conventional plants: VIGV control followed by fuel only control. The purpose of using IBH was to reduce CO emissions in the low load regime. Some of the compressor discharge air was recirculated to the compressor inlet, and the combustion temperature was maintained at a high level. Both IBH and recuperation were effective in extending the operating range. The turndown ratio was predicted to decrease by approximately 10%p. The efficiency remained higher than the full load efficiency over a wide partial load range. The efficiency of the recuperated GTCC was 4.1%p higher at 50% power than that of the conventional GTCC.
Bioprinting Using Algae: Effects of Extrusion Pressure and Needle Diameter on Cell Quantity in Printed Samples
Authors: Thakare Ketan , Jerpseth Laura , Qin Hongmin , Pei Zhijian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Bioprinting is the fabrication of structures based on layer-by-layer deposition of biomaterials. Applications of bioprinting using plant or algae cells include the production of metabolites for use in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Reported studies regarding effects of extrusion pressure and needle diameter on cell viability in bioprinting have used animal cells. There are no reports regarding effects of extrusion pressure and needle diameter on cell viability using plant or algae cells. This paper fills this knowledge gap by reporting an experimental investigation on effects of extrusion pressure and needle diameter on cell quantity (an indicator of cell viability) in extrusion-based bioprinting of hydrogel-based bioink containing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae cells. Extrusion pressure levels used in this study were 3, 5, and 7 bar, and needle diameter levels were 200, 250, and 400 µm. Algae cell quantity in printed samples was measured on the third day and sixth day post bioprinting. Results show that, when extrusion pressure increases or needle diameter decreases, algae cell quantity in printed samples decreases.