bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trema orientalis Linn. Blume: Susceptibility Patterns of Selected Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Fungi to the Leaf Extracts
Authors: Fabowale P. O. , Ogundare A. O. , Awoyinka P. , Agunloye O. 
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the antifungal and antibacterial activities of extracts of Trema orientalis linn. Blume. The selected isolates used in the study includes Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus faecalis, Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus mirabilis, Haemolytic Streptococcus viridian, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans ,and Aspergillus flavus. The antibiogram profile of the organism was obtained using the disc diffusion method. Tannin, flavonoid, Terpenoid, Saponin, and cardiac glycosides were found present in T. orientalis. The antibiotic sensitivity test reveals the presence of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria. The agar well diffusion method was used to assay the antibiotic activities of the extract. The extracts were prepared from T. orientalis using Methanol and petroleum ether as extraction solvents. The antibacterial assay shows the efficacy of the methanol and petroleum ether extracts except on S. aureus ATCC 43300 and Shigella dysenteriae. The highest zones of inhibition by methanol and petroleum ether extracts were recorded on Salmonella typhi of 22.003 ± 0.003 mm and 32.002 ± 0.002 mm, respectively. The fungal isolates were susceptible to the extracts with the zones 11.67±0.33 mm and 13.67±0.33 mm. The results of the sensitivity test compared well with that of the antimicrobial test. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ranged between 3.125- 25.00 mg/mL. T. Orientalis contains bioactive compounds that has antimicrobial effects. The leaf of Trema orientalis has broad - spectrum activity, hence T. Orientalis methanol and Petroleum ether extracts is recommended for exploration as source of antimicrobial agents.
Analytical study on the web imperfection design of a shear panel damper for mechanical performance control
Authors: Suzuki Takuya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the design of joints and peripheral members of shear panel dampers, the sectional design corresponding to the increase in the strength of the shear panel is required. Therefore, if a shear panel damper with a small increase in proof stress can be achieved, a reasonable design of the joint and peripheral member can be done. In this study, the feasibility of the load–displacement relationship control of the shear panel was analytically examined by adjusting the web imperfection shape. First, a method for searching a web imperfection shape to reproduce a target load–displacement relationship was proposed. In this method, the web imperfection shape was expressed as convolution of some mode shapes. Subsequently, each mode coefficient was changed using the modal iterative error correction method to fit the target load–displacement relationship. Then, the method searches for a web imperfection shape using example problems. The results indicate that the web imperfection shape that matched the target load–displacement relationship could be searched by the proposed method. In addition, the sensitivity to the variation in the amount of web imperfection was also examined. It was confirmed that the load–displacement relationship of the shear panel damper can be controlled by the web imperfection shape. However, the present examination is limited to the analytical examination, and the feasibility of the production of the actual member has not been examined. A future study should verify if the actual member of the shear panel damper with web imperfection shape, searched by the proposed method, shows the target load–displacement relationship.
Flexible Transparent Supercapacitors: Materials and Devices
Authors: Zhao Weiwei , Jiang Mengyue , Wang Weikang , Liu Shujuan , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe progressive development of flexible transparent portable electronic devices is in urgent need of matching power sources. Flexible transparent supercapacitors (FTSCs) are the core resources due to their high optical transmittance, endurable mechanical flexibility, excellent electrochemical performance, and facilely accessible device configuration. This review organizes the rational design of nanostructured electrode materials toward FTSCs. First, the structure, mechanism, and property of FTSCs are introduced. Then, the design principles of diverse electrode materials are discussed to achieve flexible transparent conductive electrodes (FTCEs) with different figure of merits (both electrical FoMe and capacitive FoMc), mechanical strength, and environmental stability. Following the achievements in multifunctional FTSCs focusing on film‐supercapacitors, micro‐supercapacitors, electrochromic supercapacitors, photo‐supercapacitors, and battery‐like supercapacitors are also highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives on viable materials in the construction of FTSCs to power portable electronics are outlined.
Photodynamic Therapy Directed by Three‐Photon Active Rigid Plane Organic Photosensitizer
Authors: Cao Hongzhi , Fang Bin , Liu Jiejie , Shen Yu , Shen Jie , Xiang Pan , Zhou Qin , De Souza Senio Campos , Li Dandan , Tian Yupeng , Luo Lei , Zhang Zhongping , Tian Xiaohe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMulti‐photon photosensitizers (PSs) could significantly improve the efficacy of photodynamic therapy due to the long‐wavelength favorability for deeper tissue penetration and lower biological damage. However, most studies are limited to single‐photon or two‐photon PSs at a relatively short‐wave excitation window. To overcome this barrier, we rationally design a series of rigid plane compounds with efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vitro under laser irradiation. Furthermore, the studies show that one of the compounds (U‐TsO) could induce rapid multi‐types of cell death under three‐photon exposure, suggesting a promising clinical outcome in ex vivo 3D multicellular tumor spheroid. This work offers a novel strategy to construct functional materials with competitive multi‐photon photodynamic therapy (PDT) outcome.
Becoming Sustainable, The New Frontier in Soft Robotics
Authors: Hartmann Florian , Baumgartner Melanie , Kaltenbrunner Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe advancement of technology has a profound and far‐reaching impact on the society, now penetrating all areas of life. From cradle to grave, one is supported by and depends on a wide range of electronic and robotic appliances, with an ever more intimate integration of the digital and biological spheres. These advances, however, often come at the price of negatively impacting our ecosystem, with growing demands on energy, contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution—from production to improper disposal. Mitigating these adverse effects is among the grand challenges of the society and at the forefront of materials research. The currently emerging forms of soft, biologically inspired electronics and robotics have the unique potential of becoming not only like their natural antitypes in performance and capabilities, but also in terms of their ecological footprint. This review outlines the rise of sustainable materials in soft and bioinspired robotics, targeting all robotic components from actuators to energy storage and electronics. The state‐of‐the‐art in biobased robotics spans flourishing fields and applications ranging from microbots operating in vivo to biohybrid machines and fully biodegradable yet resilient actuators. These first steps initiate the evolution of robotics and guide them into a sustainable future.
Direct Magnetic Reinforcement of Electrocatalytic ORR/OER with Electromagnetic Induction of Magnetic Catalysts
Authors: Yan Jianhua , Wang Ying , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xia Shuhui , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDesigning stable and efficient electrocatalysts for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) at low‐cost is challenging. Here, a carbon‐based bifunctional catalyst of magnetic catalytic nanocages that can direct enhance the oxygen catalytic activity by simply applying a moderate (350 mT) magnetic field is reported. The catalysts, with high porosity of 90% and conductivity of 905 S m−1, are created by in situ doping metallic cobalt nanodots (≈10 nm) into macroporous carbon nanofibers with a facile electrospinning method. An external magnetic field makes the cobalt magnetized into nanomagnets with high spin polarization, which promote the adsorption of oxygen‐intermediates and electron transfer, significantly improving the catalytic efficiency. Impressively, the half wave‐potential is increased by 20 mV for ORR, and the overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 is decreased by 15 mV for OER. Compared with the commercial Pt/C+IrO2 catalysts, the magnetic catalyzed Zn–air batteries deliver 2.5‐fold of capacities and exhibit much longer durability over 155 h. The findings point out a very promising strategy of using electromagnetic induction to boost oxygen catalytic activity.
Luminescent Metal–Organic Frameworks for White LEDs
Authors: Tang Ying , Wu Hailong , Cao Wenqian , Cui Yuanjing , Qian Guodong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhosphor‐converted white light‐emitting diodes (pc‐WLEDs), as a main approach of solid‐state white light illumination, have caught tremendous attention and achieved enormous progress in the past decades. Since the phosphor plays a dominating role in the final property of pc‐WLEDs, the exploration for high‐performance phosphor has become a challenging and targeted research topic. In this regard, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging to offer a fascinating platform for well color‐tuning flexibility and designability endowed by their diversified architectures, devisable pore structures and affluent luminescent centers. In this review, the design strategies of achieving high‐performance phosphor with the doping of luminescent lanthanide ions, organic ligands, and diverse luminescent guest species including organic dyes, metal complexes, quantum dots in MOF matrix are highlighted, and the representative advances in the development of MOF phosphor are presented, providing guidance and reference for further research of phosphor for pc‐WLEDs.
In Situ Regulation of Macrophage Polarization to Enhance Osseointegration Under Diabetic Conditions Using Injectable Silk/Sitagliptin Gel Scaffolds
Authors: Xiang Geng , Liu Keyin , Wang Tianji , Hu Xiaofan , Wang Jing , Gao Zhiheng , Lei Wei , Feng Yafei , Tao Tiger H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs a chronic inflammatory disease, diabetes mellitus creates a proinflammatory microenvironment around implants, resulting in a high rate of implant loosening or failure in osteological therapies. In this study, macroporous silk gel scaffolds are injected at the bone–implant interface for in situ release of sitagliptin that can regulate macrophage response to create a prohealing microenvironment in diabetes mellitus disease. Notably, it is discovered that sitagliptin induces macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype and alleviates the impaired behaviors of osteoblasts on titanium (Ti) implants under diabetic conditions in a dose‐dependent manner. The silk gel scaffolds loaded with sitagliptin elicite a stronger recruitment of M2 macrophages to the sites of Ti implants and a significant promotion of osteointegration, as compared to oral sitagliptin administration. The results suggest that injectable silk/sitagliptin gel scaffolds can be utilized to modulate the immune responses at the bone–implant interface, thus enhancing bone regeneration required for successful implantation of orthopedic and dental devices in diabetic patients.
Elevating the d‐Band Center of Six‐Coordinated Octahedrons in Co9S8 through Fe‐Incorporated Topochemical Deintercalation
Authors: Wang Zongpeng , Lin Zhiping , Deng Jun , Shen Shijie , Meng Fanqi , Zhang Jitang , Zhang Qinghua , Zhong Wenwu , Gu Lin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSignificant efforts have been dedicated to boosting the electrocatalytic activity of Co9S8 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER); however, with limited improvement in its intrinsic activity, which relies on careful band engineering. Fe possesses one less 3d electron and lower electronegativity than Co, suggesting a higher d‐band center when forming polyhedron with S anions. Here, to improve the intrinsic activity by elevating the d‐band center, the six‐coordinated octahedrons in Co9S8 are redesigned utilizing an Fe‐incorporated topochemical deintercalation method. Through substituting partial Co octahedrons by Fe octahedrons with higher d‐band, the overall d‐band center is regulated to achieve optimized adsorption and thus superior OER activity. With a reduction of 95 mV on the overpotential (at 10 mA cm−2), this work sheds lights on the design of OER catalysts through polyhedron engineering using topochemical deintercalation.
Asymmetric Acceptors Enabling Organic Solar Cells to Achieve an over 17% Efficiency: Conformation Effects on Regulating Molecular Properties and Suppressing Nonradiative Energy Loss
Authors: Gao Wei , Fu Huiting , Li Yuxiang , Lin Francis , Sun Rui , Wu Ziang , Wu Xin , Zhong Cheng , Min Jie , Luo Jingdong , Woo Han Young , Zhu Zonglong , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractY6, as a state‐of‐the‐art nonfullerene acceptor (NFA), is extensively optimized by modifying its side chains and terminal groups. However, the conformation effects on molecular properties and photovoltaic performance of Y6 and its derivatives have not yet been systematically studied. Herein, three Y6 analogs, namely, BP4T‐4F, BP5T‐4F, and ABP4T‐4F, are designed and synthesized. Owing to the asymmetric molecular design strategies, three representative molecular conformations for Y6‐type NFAs are obtained through regulating the lateral thiophene orientation of the fused core. It is found that conformation adjustment imposes comprehensive effects on the molecular properties in neat and blend films of these NFAs. As a result, organic solar cells (OSCs) fabricated with PM6:BP4T‐4F, PM6:BP5T‐4F, and PM6:ABP4T‐4F show high power conversion efficiency of 17.1%, 16.7%, and 15.2%, respectively. Interestingly, these NFAs with different conformations also show reduced energy loss (Eloss) in devices via gradually suppressed nonradiative Eloss. Moreover, by employing a selenium‐containing analog, CH1007, as the complementary third component, ternary OSCs based on PM6:BP5T‐4F:CH1007 (1:1.02:0.18) achieve a 17.2% efficiency. This work helps shed light on engineering the molecular conformation of NFAs to achieve high efficiency OSCs with reduced voltage loss.
The Path to 20% Power Conversion Efficiencies in Nonfullerene Acceptor Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Karki Akchheta , Gillett Alexander J. , Friend Richard H. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of single‐junction organic solar cells (OSC) have now reached over 18%. This rapid recent progress can be attributed to the development of new nonfullerene electron acceptors (NFAs) that are paired with suitable high performing polymer electron donors. Substantial improvements in the PCEs and long‐term stability enabled by NFA OSCs have allowed the development and integration of these systems into many niche and novel applications. Here, the recent progress that has been made in understanding the device photophysics of high performing polymer:NFA blends is highlighted. As the bulk heterojunction morphology is intrinsically linked to the device photophysics, this review focuses on studies that have provided noteworthy morphological insights using advanced techniques such as solid‐state NMR and resonant soft X‐ray scattering. Through this, some of the major challenges that must be overcome to attain PCEs of over 20% in NFA OSCs are addressed.
Labels improve emergency medicine physician comfort and ability to use a slit lamp
Authors: Nelson Jessie G. , Stoimenova Diliana , Quaday Karen A. , Rupp Paula E. , Grall Kristi J. H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSlit‐lamp (SL) biomicroscopy is an important skill for emergency medicine (EM) clinicians. However, residents and faculty have varying levels of comfort and skill with this procedure. While some of the discomfort may be from a knowledge gap, we hypothesized that at least some difficulty came from infrequent use and forgetting which of the many knobs, levers, buttons, and switches of the SL create the desired effects. We strategically labeled a SL and tested the impact of this on the ability of 39 EM faculty and residents to identify a target on a maladjusted SL. Time to target identification was significantly lower with the labeled SL compared to the unlabeled SL, with median (IQR) time decreasing from 93 (31.5–154.5) seconds to 47 (0–141) seconds (p < 0.0001). Comfort level, as measured by a written survey and a graphic rating scale, also increased significantly with the labeled SL compared to the unlabeled SL.
Behind the Hashtag: Online Disclosure of Mental Illness and Community Response on Tumblr
Authors: Griffith Frances J. , Stein Catherine H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study examined personal disclosures about mental illness and the responses of online community members on the social media platform, Tumblr. We sampled public blog posts of 14,626 Tumblr users disclosing ten different mental health diagnoses using hashtags (e.g., #depression, #anxiety, and #anorexia). We examined the content of users’ disclosures, predictors of disclosure frequency, and predictors of online community response. The content of most disclosures was related to users’ emotions and cognitions about their mental health and their feelings of interpersonal loss and change over time. Content varied with users’ disclosure frequency and with self‐identified mental health diagnoses. Predictors of disclosure frequency included the “self effects” of writing about oneself or one’s opinions, such as self‐concept formation, and “reception effects” of receiving responses to one’s writing. User disclosures generally increased with frequency of community response (reception effects), and the degree of this effect differed depending on the disclosed diagnosis (self effects). The responses of online community members also varied significantly across disclosed diagnoses. The implications of our findings for community research and action are discussed.
Evaluation in the Real World: Decision Points and Rationales in Creating A Rigorous Study Designed to Convey Ecologically Valid Findings
Authors: Sullivan Cris M. , Chiaramonte Danielle , López‐Zerón Gabriela , Gregory Katie , Olsen Linda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRigorously evaluating community‐based interventions for multiply marginalized populations is fraught with challenges under the best of circumstances. This manuscript describes the methodology chosen to evaluate an innovative model designed to help survivors of intimate partner violence obtain safe and stable housing. We justify the choice of evaluation design from a community psychology perspective and detail why we believe the multi‐method, multi‐source design, that also focuses on social context, will maximize ecological validity and, therefore, propel the scale‐up of the intervention if it is found to be effective. Longitudinal data are being collected from program recipients over time, the advocates who worked with them, agency service records, and monthly documentation of agency resources on hand that can impact services provided. Special attention is focused on capturing contextual information that can impact program success. While randomized control trials are still too often heralded as “the gold standard” for measuring intervention effectiveness, we maintain that the current design, which was developed in partnership with key community stakeholders, holds more promise when evaluating many community‐based programs.
The color of normal: How a Eurocentric focus erases pigmentation complexity
Authors: Norton Heather L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesSkin pigmentation is both a highly variable and highly visible human phenotypic trait. Investigations into the biology and origins of this variation have been the focus of research in the fields of dermatology, anthropology, and forensic science, among others. This manuscript explores how much of what we know about the biology, genetics, and evolutionary origins of pigmentation has been strongly influenced by investigations and applications that focus on lighter skin.MethodsI reviewed literature from the fields of dermatology, anthropology and evolutionary genetics, and forensic science to assess how perceptions of lighter skin as the “normal” state in humans can shape the ways that knowledge is gathered and applied in these fields.ResultsThis normalization of lighter skin has impacted common tools used in dermatology and shaped the framework of dermatological education. A strong Eurocentric bias has shaped our understanding of the genetic architecture of pigmentary traits, which influences the ways in we understand the evolutionary processes leading to modern pigmentation diversity. Finally, I discuss how these biases in pigmentation genetics work in combination with phenotypic systems that privilege predicting lighter pigmentation variation to impede accurate prediction of intermediate phenotypes, particularly in individuals with ancestry from multiple populations. This can lead to a disproportionate targeting of already over‐policed populations with darker skin.ConclusionsPotential changes to how we conceptualize clinical and basic pigmentation research may help to reduce existing health disparities and improve understanding of pigmentation genetic architecture and how this knowledge is applied in forensic contexts.
Advances in Base‐Mediated Post‐Ugi Transformations via Peptidyl Anion Trapping
Authors: Ghoshal Anirban , Ambule Mayur D. , Yadav Anamika , Srivastava Ajay Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdvances in base‐mediated post‐Ugi transformations are reported and discussed. The minireview encompasses reports showing the abstraction of an alpha proton adjacent to amide carbonyl in aldehyde‐derived Ugi adducts under basic conditions to perform intramolecular and intermolecular cyclizations. The methodologies have been broadly classified depending on the peptidyl anion trapping under metal‐free, metal‐catalyzed, microwave‐assisted, and external electrophile‐aided reaction conditions. A comprehensive analysis of the methods has been presented, highlighting the importance in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.