bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracted Trans-Resveratrol from Arachis hypogaea Enhances Expression of Sirtuin Gene and Replicative Life Span in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Singh Mritunjay Kumar , Deval Ravi 
Published: November 2020

Aims: Biotic stress given by Aspergillus niger enhances trans-resveratrol production in Arachis hypogaea plant. This plant extract increases sir2 gene expression and Replicative Life Span in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Design of Study: Peanut plant was grown in aseptic environment, infected by Aspergillus niger. Plant extract used for quantification of trans-resveratrol by RP-HPLC. Yeast culture was grown in Potato dextrose media along with plant extract. Sir2 gene expression fold calculated by real time pcr. Replicative Life Span of yeast was measured by spectrophotometer.
Place and Duration of Study: Allele Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Department of Biotechnology between February 2017 to March 2020.
Methodology: Biotic stress in Arachis hypogaea plant was induced by wounding the leaves and introducing Aspergillus niger to enhance trans-resveratrol production. Tran-resveratrol was quantified by Reverse Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). Two methods conducted to check reverse ageing, first one epigenetic based, when extracted trans-resveratrol from infected Arachis hypogaea plant extract added to Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture, it enhanced expression of Sir2 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae measured by qPCR, ABI applied biosystem. Process included RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis and thereafter qPCR. Enhanced expression of sirtuin responsible for gene silencing as sirtuin (Sir2 gene product) is a class of Histone deacetylase transferase enzyme. Second method, Replicative Life Span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture increased when Aspergillus niger infected peanut plant extract added to yeast culture which was measured through spectrophotometer at 600nm and showed high absorbance value.
Results: Tran-resveratrol was quantified by Reverse Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) and yield was 2.24 mg/g. Sir2 gene expression increased by 1.56 fold in yeast grown in infected peanut plant extract. Absorbance of yeast culture grown in infected peanut plant extract was 0.522±0.008 which was higher than control.
Conclusion: Sir2 gene expression enhances along with replicative life span in yeast in presence of peanut plant extract.
A Critical Study of Quantum Chromodynamics and the Regular Charge-Monopole Theory
Authors: Comay E. 
Published: November 2020

The compatibility of the strong interaction theory called Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) with relevant experimental data is critically examined. The clear advantage of the Regular ChargeMonopole Theory over QCD is explained. An analysis of new data provides further support for this claim. The paper points out several specific effects that illustrate this conclusion: the hard photon-nucleon interaction, the striking difference between the high energy electron-proton and proton-proton cross section, the peripheral location of the proton’s antiquark, the strong CP problem, the quite large amount of the ss ¯ pair in the proton, the excess of the proton’s d¯antiquarks over its u¯ antiquarks, and the spin-dependence of high energy polarized proton-proton scattering. These problematic issues are in accordance with M. Gell-Mann’s recently published qualms about the QCD merits.
Tolerance of Some Soil Fungi to the Content of Deep Cycle Battery and Their Bioremediation Potential
Authors: Douglas S. I. , Wellington C. U. , Sokari T. G. 
Published: November 2020

Aims: The purpose of this study was to isolate and screen soil fungi that are able to tolerate the contents of spent deep cycle battery (inverter), and to test for their bioremediation potential.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, between June 2019 and February 2020.
Methodology: Soil samples were collected from a mechanic village while spent inverter batteries were obtained from a waste vendor. The battery was forced open to extract its contents of the battery. Using standard microbiological techniques, fungi were enumerated and characterized. Stock solution of the battery content was prepared by dissolving the inverter battery content in sterile deionized water. This stock solution was used to carry out the screening test on the fungal isolates to ascertain the fungi that can tolerate the contents of the spent battery.
Results: Total heterotrophic fungal counts for the polluted and unpolluted soil were 6.0 x 103 cfu/g and 7.5 x 104cfu/g respectively. The fungal isolates identified from the polluted soil samples were members of the genera Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Candida, while, the isolates identified from the unpolluted soil sample includes: Candida sp, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp, Yeast, Fusarium sp and Aspergillus sp. After the screening, total heterotrophic fungal counts for the soil ranged from 1.0 x 102cfu/g to 9.5 x 102cfu/g. Two fungi of the genera: Rhizopus and Mucor had the highest counts during 72 hours of incubation for the screening test. The results obtained from this study indicated that species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Candida were the most inhibited by the contents of the spent battery while Rhizopus and Mucor spp were more tolerant to the contents of the inverter. Rhizopus and Mucor spp were therefore, adopted in the bioremediation of soil contaminated with contents from the battery. It was observed that Rhizopus and Mucor spp in a consortium had the highest percentage of heavy metal removal (or uptake) in the following order: Cadmium (66.66%) > Lead (38.15%) > Zinc (26.83%) > Nickel (20.83).
Conclusion: These organisms can be used in the bioremediation of soil polluted with metals from spent deep cycle batteries.
Significance of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as a Prognostic Factor in Stage II Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sagawa Masano , Yokomizo Hajime , Yoshimatsu Kazuhiko , Okayama Sachiyo , Yamada Yasufumi , Ida Arika , Maeda Hiroyuki , Satake Masaya , Usui Takebumi , Shimakawa Takeshi , Katsube Takao , Ohigashi Seiji , Kato Hiroyuki , Shiozawa Shunichi 
Published: November 2020

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio for disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with stage II colorectal cancer.

Summary of Background Data
Previous reports have indicated an association between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and poor prognosis and tumor progression in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker specifically in patients with stage II colorectal cancer has not been well studied.

Methods
A total of 124 patients with colorectal cancer were included in this study. The disease-free survival and overall survival of patients were compared using preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional-hazards model were performed to determine the prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio.

Results
The overall survival and disease-free survival rates of patients with a neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 4.0 were significantly lower than those of patients with a neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio &lt; 4.0. Multivariate analysis showed that a neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 4.0, performance status ≥ 1, and depth of tumor invasion (T4) were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival, whereas age &gt; 80 years, a neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 4.0, and performance status ≥ 1 were independent prognostic factors for overall survival.

Conclusion
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with stage II colorectal cancer undergoing curative resection.
Sono/Photodynamic Nanomedicine‐Elicited Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Yuce , Xie Jun , Um Wooram , You Dong Gil , Kwon Seunglee , Zhang Lianbin , Zhu Jintao , Park Jae Hyung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy (e.g., cancer vaccines and checkpoint blockades), harnessing the host immune system to recognize and eradicate tumors, has emerged as one of the most potent cancer therapies. The clinical applications of cancer immunotherapies, however, have been limited by their low response rates and immune‐related adverse effects. In recent years, sono/photodynamic nanomedicines (SPNs) have received increasing attention for cancer therapy since they have been reported to mediate enhanced immunotherapy by generating reactive oxygen species under site‐specific exposure to exogenous energy sources. In particular, SPNs are capable of eliciting immunogenic cancer cell death, leading to the release of tumor‐associated antigens and damage‐associated molecular patterns. This allows for the maturation of antigen‐presenting cells, thus eliminating disseminated or metastatic tumor cells by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Such immunostimulatory features of SPNs provide opportunities to enhance therapeutic potential by amplifying anticancer immunity when combined with conventional immunotherapeutics, including immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review elaborates on the recent strategies and efforts undertaken by researchers to enhance SPN‐elicited cancer immunotherapy. The challenging issues and opportunities for SPNs in the activation of innate or adaptive immune responses and regulation of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment are also described.
Cell‐Free Bilayered Porous Scaffolds for Osteochondral Regeneration Fabricated by Continuous 3D‐Printing Using Nascent Physical Hydrogel as Ink
Authors: Gao Jingming , Ding Xiaoquan , Yu Xiaoye , Chen Xiaobin , Zhang Xingyu , Cui Shuquan , Shi Jiayue , Chen Jun , Yu Lin , Chen Shiyi , Ding Jiandong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCartilage is difficult to self‐repair and it is more challenging to repair an osteochondral defects concerning both cartilage and subchondral bone. Herein, it is hypothesized that a bilayered porous scaffold composed of a biomimetic gelatin hydrogel may, despite no external seeding cells, induce osteochondral regeneration in vivo after being implanted into mammal joints. This idea is confirmed based on the successful continuous 3D‐printing of the bilayered scaffolds combined with the sol‐gel transition of the aqueous solution of a gelatin derivative (physical gelation) and photocrosslinking of the gelatin methacryloyl (gelMA) macromonomers (chemical gelation). At the direct printing step, a nascent physical hydrogel is extruded, taking advantage of non‐Newtonian and thermoresponsive rheological properties of this 3D‐printing ink. In particular, a series of crosslinked gelMA (GelMA) and GelMA‐hydroxyapatite bilayered hydrogel scaffolds are fabricated to evaluate the influence of the spacing of 3D‐printed filaments on osteochondral regeneration in a rabbit model. The moderately spaced scaffolds output excellent regeneration of cartilage with cartilaginous lacunae and formation of subchondral bone. Thus, tricky rheological behaviors of soft matter can be employed to improve 3D‐printing, and the bilayered hybrid scaffold resulting from the continuous 3D‐printing is promising as a biomaterial to regenerate articular cartilage.
Fullerene Desymmetrization as a Means to Achieve Single‐Enantiomer Electron Acceptors with Maximized Chiroptical Responsiveness
Authors: Shi Wenda , Salerno Francesco , Ward Matthew D. , Santana‐Bonilla Alejandro , Wade Jessica , Hou Xueyan , Liu Tong , Dennis T. John S. , Campbell Alasdair J. , Jelfs Kim E. , Fuchter Matthew J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolubilized fullerene derivatives have revolutionized the development of organic photovoltaic devices, acting as excellent electron acceptors. The addition of solubilizing addends to the fullerene cage results in a large number of isomers, which are generally employed as isomeric mixtures. Moreover, a significant number of these isomers are chiral, which further adds to the isomeric complexity. The opportunities presented by single‐isomer, and particularly single‐enantiomer, fullerenes in organic electronic materials and devices are poorly understood however. Here, ten pairs of enantiomers are separated from the 19 structural isomers of bis[60]phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester, using them to elucidate important chiroptical relationships and demonstrating their application to a circularly polarized light (CPL)‐detecting device. Larger chiroptical responses are found, occurring through the inherent chirality of the fullerene. When used in a single‐enantiomer organic field‐effect transistor, the potential to discriminate CPL with a fast light response time and with a very high photocurrent dissymmetry factor (gph = 1.27 ± 0.06) is demonstrated. This study thus provides key strategies to design fullerenes with large chiroptical responses for use as chiral components of organic electronic devices. It is anticipated that this data will position chiral fullerenes as an exciting material class for the growing field of chiral electronic technologies.
Rational Design of Multi‐Color‐Emissive Carbon Dots in a Single Reaction System by Hydrothermal
Authors: Wang Boyang , Yu Jingkun , Sui Laizhi , Zhu Shoujun , Tang Zhiyong , Yang Bai , Lu Siyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs an emerging building unit, carbon dots (CDs) have been igniting the revolutionaries in the fields of optoelectronics, biomedicine, and bioimaging. However, the difficulty of synthesizing CDs in aqueous solution with full‐spectrum emission severely hinders further investigation of their emission mechanism and their extensive applications in white light emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, the full‐color‐emission CDs with a unique structure consisting of sp3‐hybridized carbon cores with small domains of partially sp2‐hybridized carbon atoms are reported. First‐principle calculations are initially used to predict that the transformation from sp3 to sp2 hybridization redshifts the emission of CDs. Guided by the theoretical predictions, a simple, convenient, and controllable route to hydrothermally prepare CDs in a single reaction system is developed. The prepared CDs have full‐spectrum emission with an unprecedented two‐photon emission across the whole visible color range. These full‐color‐emission CDs can be further nurtured by slight modifications of the reaction conditions (e.g., temperature, pH) to generate the emission color from blue to red. Finally a flexible LEDs with full‐color emission by using epoxy CDs films is developed, indicating that the strategy affords an industry translational potential over traditional fluorophores.
Aqueous Rechargeable Metal‐Ion Batteries Working at Subzero Temperatures
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Chen Ze , Mo Funian , Wang Donghong , Guo Ying , Liu Zhuoxin , Li Xinliang , Li Qing , Liang Guojin , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAqueous rechargeable metal‐ion batteries (ARMBs) represent one of the current research frontiers due to their low cost, high safety, and other unique features. Evolving to a practically useful device, the ARMBs must be adaptable to various ambient, especially the cold weather. While much effort has been made on organic electrolyte batteries operating at low temperatures, the study on low‐temperature ARMBs is still in its infancy. The challenge mainly comes from water freezing at subzero temperatures, resulting in dramatically retarded kinetics. Here, the freezing behavior of water and its effects on subzero performances of ARMBs are first discussed. Then all strategies used to enhance subzero temperature performances of ARMBs by associating them with battery kinetics are summarized. The subzero temperature performances of ARMBs and organic electrolyte batteries are compared. The final section presents potential directions for further improvements and future perspectives of this thriving field.
Association of Fluorescent Protein Pairs and Its Significant Impact on Fluorescence and Energy Transfer
Authors: Pope Jacob R. , Johnson Rachel L. , Jamieson W. David , Worthy Harley L. , Kailasam Senthilkumar , Ahmed Rochelle D. , Taban Ismail , Auhim Husam Sabah , Watkins Daniel W. , Rizkallah Pierre J. , Castell Oliver K. , Jones D. Dafydd 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFluorescent proteins (FPs) are commonly used in pairs to monitor dynamic biomolecular events through changes in proximity via distance dependent processes such as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The impact of FP association is assessed by predicting dimerization sites in silico and stabilizing the dimers by bio‐orthogonal covalent linkages. In each tested case dimerization changes inherent fluorescence, including FRET. GFP homodimers demonstrate synergistic behavior with the dimer being brighter than the sum of the monomers. The homodimer structure reveals the chromophores are close with favorable transition dipole alignments and a highly solvated interface. Heterodimerization (GFP with Venus) results in a complex with ≈87% FRET efficiency, significantly below the 99.7% efficiency predicted. A similar efficiency is observed when the wild‐type FPs are fused to a naturally occurring protein–protein interface system. GFP complexation with mCherry results in loss of mCherry fluorescence. Thus, simple assumptions used when monitoring interactions between proteins via FP FRET may not always hold true, especially under conditions whereby the protein–protein interactions promote FP interaction.
Coal char affects soil pH to reduce ammonia volatilization from sandy loam soil
Authors: Panday Dinesh , Mikha Maysoon M. , Maharjan Bijesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) volatilization loss adversely affects N availability in soil‐plant systems, reduces crop yield, and negatively impacts environment. Char (coal combustion residue), which contains up to 293 g kg−1 total C by weight, has been shown to reduce NH3 volatilization due to its considerably high surface area and cation exchange capacity. The NH3 loss can be greatly affected by a shift in soil pH or urea hydrolysis. A 21‐d laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of char on soil pH, N transformations, and subsequent NH3 volatilization in sandy loam soil. Two char rates (0 and 13.4 Mg C ha−1) and two urea rates (0 and 200 kg N ha−1) were mixed in soil in four 2‐way combinations with four replications of each. There were 11 sets of all treatment combinations and each set was analyzed for soil moisture, pH, NH3 volatilization, and residual N (urea, NH4, and NO3) every other day for 3 wk. Char application reduced cumulative NH3 loss in the fertilized treatment. Reduction in NH3 loss due to char addition was evidenced by greater residual NH4–N on certain days in treatments with char compared to treatments without char. Char did not affect urea hydrolysis process but it lowered soil pH in the fertilized treatments in the first week. This study supported our hypothesis that char altered soil pH and thereby reduced NH3 volatilization loss from the fertilized soil.
Electrical conductivity of interphase zone in polymer nanocomposites by carbon nanotubes properties and interphase depth
Authors: Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, carbon nanotubes (CNT) properties and interphase depth define the interphase conductivity in polymer CNT nanocomposites (PCNT). In addition, the operative CNT length and volume portion are linked to the conductivity transportation between CNT and insulated polymer medium to propose a simple model for conductivity. The significances of various terms on the interphase conductivity and conductivity of PCNT are justified and the model's predictions are examined using the experimental outputs of certain examples. Thin CNT and dense interphase obtain the extraordinary conductivity transportation, while CNT length and conductivity are ineffective. Moreover, thin, small, and high‐conductive CNT as well as dense interphase introduce the high interphase conductivity. The estimations of conductivity appropriately follow the experimental data authorizing the established model. This model is capable to substitute the conventional models owing to the assumption of innovative nanocomposite's terms.
Furfural hydrogenation to 2‐methylfuran over efficient sol‐gel copper‐cobalt/zirconia catalyst
Authors: Akmaz Solmaz , Algorabi Serap , Koc Serkan N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract2‐Methylfuran (MF) is a candidate to be a high‐quality fuel additive. For the first time, efficient Co‐Cu/ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by the sol‐gel method and herein used for MF synthesis from furfural. Although a 9.2% MF yield and no MF was obtained using Cu/ZrO2 and Co/ZrO2, respectively, a 77.5% MF yield was observed at 200°C, under 1.5 MPa initial H2 pressure for 4 hours using a Co‐Cu/ZrO2 catalyst. The Co amount was changed in the catalyst structure and the effect of the Co amount on furfural hydrogenation was investigated. The most effective catalyst was the Co‐Cu/ZrO2 catalyst, with 0.08 g/g (8 mass%) Cu and 0.118 g/g (11.8 mass%) Co. The activity tests of the catalysts were carried out for hydrogenation of furfural to MF by changing reaction parameters such as pressure, loading of catalyst, temperature, and time. A 94.1% MF yield was achieved in the presence of the Co‐Cu/ZrO2 catalyst with 0.08 g/g (8 mass%) Cu and 0.118 g/g (11.8 mass%) Co at 200°C for 6 hours under 1.5 MPa H2 pressure. The catalyst also showed good reusability properties after the fifth use. The catalysts were characterized by Brunauer‐Emmet‐Teller method, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction techniques.
An isomorphic three‐dimensional cortical model of the pig rostrum
Authors: Ritter Cindy , Maier Eduard , Schneeweiß Undine , Wölk Tanja , Simonnet Jean , Malkawi Safaa , Eigen Lennart , Tunckol Elcin , Purkart Leopold , Brecht Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhysiological studies of the last century mapped a somatosensory cortical gyrus representing the pig's rostrum. Here, we describe the extraordinary correspondence of this gyrus to the rostrum. The pig rostrum is packed with microvibrissae (~470 per hemi‐rostrum) and innervated by a prominent infraorbital nerve, containing about 80,000 axons. The pig's rostrum has three major skin‐folds. The nostrils have a rectangular medial wall and a funnel‐like lateral opening, nasal channels run obliquely from lateral (surface) to medial (inside). The rostrum gyrus mimics rostrum geometry in great detail. The putative representation of skin folds coincides with blood sinus and folds of the rostrum gyrus. The putative nostril representation is an oblique sulcus running from lateral (surface) to medial (inside). As observed in rodents, Layer 4 is thin in the nostril sulcus. The side of the nostril sulcus representing the medial wall of the nostril is rectangular, whereas the side of the nostril sulcus representing the lateral wall is funnel‐like. Proportions and geometry of the rostrum and the rostrum gyrus are similar, albeit with a collapsed nostril and a larger interindividual variability in the gyrus. The pig's cortical rostrum gyrus receives dense thalamic innervation, has a thin Layer 1 and contains roughly 8 million neurons. With all that, the rostrum gyrus looks like a model of the pig rostrum at a scale of ~1:2. Our findings are reminiscent of the raccoon cortex with its forepaw‐like somatosensory forepaw‐representation. Representing highly relevant afferents in three‐dimensional body‐part‐models might facilitate isomorphic cortical computations in large‐brained tactile specialists.