bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Design of the Antonine Wall
Authors: Hanson W.S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper assesses the alternative models currently proposed for the original design of the Antonine Wall. It argues that there is sufficient evidence of a pattern in the structural relationships between the Wall and its various garrison posts to confirm that there was a major change of plan during the construction process. This resulted in the addition of a series of secondary forts, several of which can now be shown to have replaced primary fortlets, and a concomitant delay in the construction programme. An explanation is offered for this rapid change of design, which resulted in one of the most intensively garrisoned linear frontiers in the Roman Empire.
Daily parenting of children with cerebral palsy: The role of daily child behavior, parents’ daily psychological needs, and mindful parenting
Authors: Dieleman Lisa M. , Soenens Bart , Prinzie Peter , De Clercq Lana , Ortibus Els , De Pauw Sarah S.W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to advance the current understanding of the daily dynamics that are involved in raising a child with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Specifically, we examined the role of mindful parenting and of day-to-day variation in parents’ psychological needs and child behavior in explaining day-to-day variation in parents’ autonomy-supportive, psychologically controlling, and responsive parenting behavior. Parents (N= 58) of children with CP (Mage = 12.68 years) participated in a 7-day diary study. Multilevel analyses indicated that parents’ autonomy-supportive, psychologically controlling, and responsive behaviors fluctuate considerably between days. Further, daily fluctuations in both child behavior and parents’ own psychological needs were found to be associated with this daily variability in parenting. In addition, interindividual differences in mindful parenting were associated positively with parents’ responsiveness and negatively with psychologically controlling parenting across the week. These findings point towards the changeability of parenting behavior among parents of a child with CP and suggest that interventions targeting parenting behavior in the context of CP will be most effective when taking into account both the parents’ and the child's functioning.
Effect of cereal rye and canola on winter and summer annual weed emergence in corn
Authors: DeSimini Stephanie A. , Gibson Kevin D. , Armstrong Shalamar D. , Zimmer Marcelo , Maia Lucas O.R. , Johnson William G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractField experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 at two locations in Indiana to evaluate the influence of cover crop species, termination timing, and herbicide treatment on winter and summer annual weed suppression and corn yield. Cereal rye and canola cover crops were terminated early or late (2 wk before or after corn planting) with a glyphosate- or glufosinate-based herbicide program. Canola and cereal rye reduced total weed biomass collected at termination by up to 74% and 91%, in comparison to fallow, respectively. Canola reduced horseweed density by up to 56% at termination and 57% at POST application compared to fallow. Cereal rye reduced horseweed density by up to 59% at termination and 87% at POST application compared to fallow. Canola did not reduce giant ragweed density at termination in comparison to fallow. Cereal rye reduced giant ragweed density by up to 66% at termination and 62% at POST application. Termination timing had little to no effect on weed biomass and density reduction in comparison to the effect of cover crop species. Cereal rye reduced corn grain yield at both locations in comparison to fallow, especially for the late-termination timing. Corn grain yield reduction up to 49% (4,770 kg ha–1) was recorded for cereal rye terminated late in comparison to fallow terminated late. Canola did not reduce corn grain yield in comparison to fallow within termination timing; however, late-terminated canola reduced corn grain yield by up to 21% (2,980 kg ha–1) in comparison to early-terminated fallow. Cereal rye can suppress giant ragweed emergence, whereas canola is not as effective at suppressing large-seeded broadleaves such as giant ragweed. These results also indicate that early-terminated cover crops can often result in higher corn grain yields than late-terminated cover crops in an integrated weed management program.
Magnetopause Compressibility at Saturn with Internal Drivers
Authors: Hardy Flavien , Achilleos Nicholas , Guio Patrick 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe use magnetopause crossings of the Cassini spacecraft to study the response of Saturn's magnetosphere to changes in external and internal drivers. We explain how solar wind pressure can be corrected to account for the local variability in internal plasma particle pressure. The physics‐based method is applied to perform the most robust estimation of magnetopause compressibility at Saturn to date, using 7 years' worth of magnetometer data from the Cassini mission and accounting for variable internal drivers—particle pressure and azimuthal ring current. The concept of magnetopause compressibility is generalized to quantitatively account for its detailed variation with respect to the position of the magnetopause. An analytical fit is provided to map the compressibility index to values of the stand‐off distance. In particular, the procedure shows that the Kronian system appears to behave similarly to that of Jupiter when expanded outwards and more like the Earth's magnetopause when compressed.
Dayside Field‐Aligned Current Impacts on Ionospheric Irregularities
Authors: Fæhn Follestad A. , Herlingshaw K. , Ghadjari H. , Knudsen D. J. , McWilliams K. A. , Moen J. I. , Spicher A. , Wu J. , Oksavik Kjellmar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are subject to disturbances caused by plasma irregularities in the ionosphere. Studies have suggested that in addition to the gradient drift and Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities, electron precipitation may be important for phase scintillations in the dayside auroral region. This study combines in situ Swarm data with ground GNSS observations to investigate the potential role of filamentary field‐aligned currents (FACs) on phase scintillations in the dayside auroral region by analyzing 22 events with phase scintillations exceeding 0.45 radians. We observe colocation between regions of severe phase scintillations and highly filamented FACs with fluctuations measured in the spacecraft frame of the order of 20 Hz. The observations indicate that filamentary FACs are crucial drivers for irregularities responsible for creating severe phase scintillations measured in the dayside auroral region and are thus of significant importance in the context of space weather impact on satellite communication.
Reversible Compaction in Sheared Granular Flows and Its Significance for Nonlocal Rheology
Authors: Taylor S. E. , Brodsky E. E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNaturally occurring granular flows like landslides often have a gas‐like rapidly moving layer immediately adjacent to a slower quasistatic layer. Determining the nature of coupling between these regimes is critical to capturing flow behavior. Using image analysis and a rheometer, we measure dilation, acoustic energy, and velocity profiles for quartz sand sheared in a geometry that imposes multiple flow regimes at once. We show that acoustic energy resulting from grain collisions in the fastest part of flow causes (a) weakening and compaction of the transitional regime layer between quasistatic and fast flow and (b) increasing slow flow via reduced friction. Thus, the volume of the entire shear zone is governed by competing effects of dilation near the boundary and compaction in the more distant transitional layer. This understanding of the partition of volume change across the shear layer can guide models of natural shear zones and interpretation of deposits.
Effects of Nonlinear Resonance Broadening on Interactions Between Electrons and Whistler Mode Waves
Authors: Cai Bin , Wu Yifan , Tao Xin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEffects of nonlinear resonance broadening on diffusion coefficients for interactions between parallel propagating whistler mode waves and relativistic electrons in a uniform magnetic field are investigated in this work using test particle simulations. In quasi‐linear theory, variations of pitch angle and energy are calculated along the unperturbed trajectory, resulting in difficulties when the pitch angle is near 90° or when wave amplitudes are large. Using a test particle simulation code, we investigate effects of nonlinear resonance broadening on scattering of electrons and compare the results with a previous nonlinear theory by Karimabadi et al. We demonstrate that Karimabadi et al.'s theory gives better agreement with test particle simulations compared with standard quasi‐linear theory, provided that the resonance broadening width is allowed to vary. Our result suggests further development of the nonlinear theory and should be useful to improve radiation belt modeling.
Hydraulic Continuation of the Abyssal Flow From the Vema Channel in the Southwestern Part of the Brazil Basin
Authors: Tarakanov Roman Y. , Morozov Eugene G. , Frey Dmitry I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn 2013 and 2018, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology performed 12 stations with conductivity‐temperature‐depth and lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) profiling in the southwestern part of the Brazil Basin in order to find continuations of hydraulic controlled flow of the coldest Antarctic bottom water that propagates along the deepest bed of the Vema Channel. Comparison of these measurements with the historical database and our previous measurements in the Vema Extension region (27°S, 34°W) showed that such a continuation of the flow does not exist in the valley directed to the east, which seemed to be a topographic extension of the Vema Channel. Continuation of the flow was found over the section at 25°34′S across the meridionally oriented channel (depth up to 4,950 m) approximately along 33°30′W north of the Vema Extension region. Northward velocity speeds exceeding 35 cm/s were measured in the bottom flow (100–150 m thick above the bottom), which is displaced to the western slope of the meridional channel. Transport in the high‐speed core (velocity speed greater than 10 cm/s, potential temperature less than 0.62°C) in this channel was estimated at 0.150 ± 0.007 Sv on the basis of the LADCP measurements. There are several indirect indications of the formation of a local spillway (or a cascade of spillways) here in the regime of hydraulic control overflow.
Interpretation of omics data analyses
Authors: Yamada Ryo , Okada Daigo , Wang Juan , Basak Tapati , Koyama Satoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOmics studies attempt to extract meaningful messages from large-scale and high-dimensional data sets by treating the data sets as a whole. The concept of treating data sets as a whole is important in every step of the data-handling procedures: the pre-processing step of data records, the step of statistical analyses and machine learning, translation of the outputs into human natural perceptions, and acceptance of the messages with uncertainty. In the pre-processing, the method by which to control the data quality and batch effects are discussed. For the main analyses, the approaches are divided into two types and their basic concepts are discussed. The first type is the evaluation of many items individually, followed by interpretation of individual items in the context of multiple testing and combination. The second type is the extraction of fewer important aspects from the whole data records. The outputs of the main analyses are translated into natural languages with techniques, such as annotation and ontology. The other technique for making the outputs perceptible is visualization. At the end of this review, one of the most important issues in the interpretation of omics data analyses is discussed. Omics studies have a large amount of information in their data sets, and every approach reveals only a very restricted aspect of the whole data sets. The understandable messages from these studies have unavoidable uncertainty.
Mapping global urban land for the 21st century with data-driven simulations and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
Authors: Gao Jing , O’Neill Brian C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUrban land expansion is one of the most visible, irreversible, and rapid types of land cover/land use change in contemporary human history, and is a key driver for many environmental and societal changes across scales. Yet spatial projections of how much and where it may occur are often limited to short-term futures and small geographic areas. Here we produce a first empirically-grounded set of global, spatial urban land projections over the 21st century. We use a data-science approach exploiting 15 diverse datasets, including a newly available 40-year global time series of fine-spatial-resolution remote sensing observations. We find the global total amount of urban land could increase by a factor of 1.8–5.9, and the per capita amount by a factor of 1.1–4.9, across different socioeconomic scenarios over the century. Though the fastest urban land expansion occurs in Africa and Asia, the developed world experiences a similarly large amount of new development.
Epigenome environment interactions accelerate epigenomic aging and unlock metabolically restricted epigenetic reprogramming in adulthood
Authors: Treviño Lindsey S. , Dong Jianrong , Kaushal Ahkilesh , Katz Tiffany A. , Jangid Rahul Kumar , Robertson Matthew J. , Grimm Sandra L. , Ambati Chandra Shekar R. , Putluri Vasanta , Cox Aaron R. , Kim Kang Ho , May Thaddeus D. , Gallo Morgan R. , Moore David D. , Hartig Sean M. , Foulds Charles E. , Putluri Nagireddy , Coarfa Cristian , Walker Cheryl Lyn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOur early-life environment has a profound influence on developing organs that impacts metabolic function and determines disease susceptibility across the life-course. Using a rat model for exposure to an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), we show that early-life chemical exposure causes metabolic dysfunction in adulthood and reprograms histone marks in the developing liver to accelerate acquisition of an adult epigenomic signature. This epigenomic reprogramming persists long after the initial exposure, but many reprogrammed genes remain transcriptionally silent with their impact on metabolism not revealed until a later life exposure to a Western-style diet. Diet-dependent metabolic disruption was largely driven by reprogramming of the Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) transcriptome and production of metabolites in pathways linked to cholesterol, lipid and one-carbon metabolism. These findings demonstrate the importance of epigenome:environment interactions, which early in life accelerate epigenomic aging, and later in adulthood unlock metabolically restricted epigenetic reprogramming to drive metabolic dysfunction.
Tuning the activities of cuprous oxide nanostructures via the oxide-metal interaction
Authors: Huang Wugen , Liu Qingfei , Zhou Zhiwen , Li Yangsheng , Ling Yunjian , Wang Yong , Tu Yunchuan , Wang Beibei , Zhou Xiaohong , Deng Dehui , Yang Bo , Yang Yong , Liu Zhi , Bao Xinhe , Yang Fan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite tremendous importance in catalysis, the design of oxide-metal interface has been hampered by the limited understanding of the nature of interfacial sites and the oxide-metal interaction (OMI). Through construction of well-defined Cu2O/Pt, Cu2O/Ag and Cu2O/Au interfaces, we find that Cu2O nanostructures (NSs) on Pt exhibit much lower thermal stability than on Ag and Au, although they show the same structure. The activities of these interfaces are compared for CO oxidation and follow the order of Cu2O/Pt > Cu2O/Au > Cu2O/Ag. OMI is found to determine the activity and stability of supported Cu2O NSs, which could be described by the formation energy of interfacial oxygen vacancy. Further, electronic interaction between Cu+ and metal substrates is found center to OMI, where the d band center could be used as a key descriptor. Our study provides insight for OMI and for the development of Cu-based catalysts for low temperature oxidation reactions.
Imaging radiation dose in breast radiotherapy by X-ray CT calibration of Cherenkov light
Authors: Hachadorian R. L. , Bruza P. , Jermyn M. , Gladstone D. J. , Pogue B. W. , Jarvis L. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImaging Cherenkov emission during radiation therapy cancer treatments can provide a real-time, non-contact sampling of the entire dose field. The emitted Cherenkov signal generated is proportional to deposited dose, however, it is affected by attenuation from the intrinsic tissue optical properties of the patient, which in breast, ranges from primarily adipose to fibroglandular tissue. Patients being treated with whole-breast X-ray radiotherapy (n = 13) were imaged for 108 total fractions, to establish correction factors from the linear relationships between Cherenkov light and CT number (HU). This study elucidates this relationship in vivo, and a correction factor approach is used to scale each image to improve the linear correlation between Cherenkov emission intensity and dose ($$R_{6X}^2 = 0.85,\,R_{10X}^2 = 0.95$$R6X2=0.85,R10X2=0.95). This study provides a major step towards direct quantitative radiation dose imaging in humans by utilizing non-contact camera sensing of Cherenkov emission during the radiation therapy treatment.
Sequential Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways recruitment drives basal extrusion in the prostate-like gland of Drosophila
Authors: Rambur Amandine , Lours-Calet Corinne , Beaudoin Claude , Buñay Julio , Vialat Marine , Mirouse Vincent , Trousson Amalia , Renaud Yoan , Lobaccaro Jean-Marc A. , Baron Silvère , Morel Laurent , de Joussineau Cyrille 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne of the most important but less understood step of epithelial tumourigenesis occurs when cells acquire the ability to leave their epithelial compartment. This phenomenon, described as basal epithelial cell extrusion (basal extrusion), represents the first step of tumour invasion. However, due to lack of adequate in vivo model, implication of emblematic signalling pathways such as Ras/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathways, is scarcely described in this phenomenon. We have developed a unique model of basal extrusion in the Drosophila accessory gland. There, we demonstrate that both Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are necessary for basal extrusion. Furthermore, as in prostate cancer, we show that these pathways are co-activated. This occurs through set up of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Insulin Receptor (InR) dependent autocrine loops, a phenomenon that, considering human data, could be relevant for prostate cancer.
Helical supramolecular polymers with rationally designed binding sites for chiral guest recognition
Authors: Salikolimi Krishnachary , Praveen Vakayil K. , Sudhakar Achalkumar Ammathnadu , Yamada Kuniyo , Horimoto Noriko Nishizawa , Ishida Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince various helical supramolecular polymers became available, their application to molecular chirality recognition have been anticipated but not extensively studied. So far, only a few examples of chiral reactions have been reported, but none for chiral separation. Here, we report the application of a helical supramolecular polymer to the enantio-separation of chiral guest molecules. The monomer of this supramolecular polymer is the salt-pair of a dendritic carboxylic acid with an enantiopure amino alcohol. In an apolar solvent, this salt-pair stacks via hydrogen bonds to form a helical polymer. In conjunction with this carboxylic acid, various amino alcohols afford supramolecular polymers, whose helical handedness is determined by the stereochemistry of the amino alcohols. When two salts with the same chirality are mixed, they undergo copolymerization, while those with opposite chirality do not. Owing to this stereoselective copolymerizability, the helical supramolecular polymer could bias the enantiomeric composition of chiral amino alcohols.
Acoustic analogues of three-dimensional topological insulators
Authors: He Cheng , Lai Hua-Shan , He Bo , Yu Si-Yuan , Xu Xiangyuan , Lu Ming-Hui , Chen Yan-Feng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTopological insulators (TIs) can host an insulating gapped bulk with conducting gapless boundary states in lower dimensions than the bulk. To date, various kinds of classical wave TIs with gapless symmetry-protected boundary states have been discovered, promising for the efficient confinement and robust guiding of waves. However, for airborne sound, an acoustic analogue of a three-dimensional TI has not been achieved due to its spinless nature. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a three-dimensional topological acoustic crystal with pseudospins using bilayer chiral structures, in which multi-order topological bandgaps are generated step by step via elaborately manipulating the corresponding spatial symmetries. We observe acoustic analogues of 1st-order (two-dimensional gapless surface Dirac cones) and 2nd-order (one-dimensional gapless hinge Dirac dispersion) TIs in three dimensions, supporting robust surface or hinge sound transport. Based solely on spatial symmetry, our work provides a route to engineer the hierarchies of TIs and explore topological devices for three-dimensional spinless systems.
Plasma membrane damage causes NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Beckwith Kai S. , Beckwith Marianne S. , Ullmann Sindre , Sætra Ragnhild S. , Kim Haelin , Marstad Anne , Åsberg Signe E. , Strand Trine A. , Haug Markus , Niederweis Michael , Stenmark Harald A. , Flo Trude H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis is a global health problem in part as a result of extensive cytotoxicity caused by the infection. Here, we show how M. tuberculosis causes caspase-1/NLRP3/gasdermin D-mediated pyroptosis of human monocytes and macrophages. A type VII secretion system (ESX-1) mediated, contact-induced plasma membrane damage response occurs during phagocytosis of bacteria. Alternatively, this can occur from the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane after phagosomal rupture in infected macrophages. This damage causes K+ efflux and activation of NLRP3-dependent IL-1β release and pyroptosis, facilitating the spread of bacteria to neighbouring cells. A dynamic interplay of pyroptosis with ESCRT-mediated plasma membrane repair also occurs. This dual plasma membrane damage seems to be a common mechanism for NLRP3 activators that function through lysosomal damage.