bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EDUCAÇÃO DA PEQUENA INFÂNCIA: (RE)PENSANDO LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES DIANTE DE ALGUMAS INFLEXÕES IMPOSTAS PELA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: PESSANHA FABIANA NERY DE LIMA , MACEDO NAYARA ALVES 
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo discute os limites e as possibilidades provocadas pelos efeitos da pandemia da covid-19 na educação da pequena infância. Trata-se de um exercício reflexivo, fundamentado nos Estudos da Infância, em diálogo com nossas pesquisas etnográficas com crianças pequenas. Temos o objetivo de problematizar alguns paradoxos da tríade crianças, famílias e escolas, visibilizando seus dilemas e contradições. Nesse movimento de ruptura e criação de novos paradigmas, destacamos alguns princípios e o compromisso ético-político e epistêmico assumidos na educação das infâncias. A discussão evidencia a necessidade de construção de vínculos afetivos e alteritários na relação família e escola, potencializando esses tempos de incertezas como um tempo, também, de criação.
A Nova Rota da Seda e as relações sino-indianas: o desafio do "colar de pérolas" | The New Silk Road and Sino-Indian relations: the “string of pearls” challenge
Authors: Pautasso Diego , Nogara Tiago Soares , Ribeiro Erik Herejk 
Published: October 2020

A Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), também chamada de Nova Rota da Seda, representa uma importante etapa do projeto chinês de globalização e possui, portanto, evidentes implicações para os alinhamentos político-estratégicos globais e regionais. Assim, ao mesmo tempo em que produz oportunidades, também faz ascenderem contradições e rivalidades. Diante desse quadro, pretendemos analisar como a Nova Rota da Seda, em especial sua dimensão marítima no Oceano Índico, conformando o chamado colar de pérolas, afeta o padrão de relacionamento sino-indiano. Visando abordar essa complexa temática, o artigo está estruturado em três etapas. Na primeira seção, exporemos breve recapitulação das distintas dimensões de implementação da BRI. Na segunda parte, abordaremos os principais desafios concernentes à conformação do colar de pérolas. Por fim, analisaremos como o conjunto desses fatores impactam as relações sino-indianas.Palavras-chave: China; Nova Rota da Seda; Colar de pérolas.ABSTRACTThe Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), also called the New Silk Road, represents an important stage of the Chinese globalization project and therefore has clear implications for global and regional political-strategic alignments. Thus, while producing opportunities, it also raises contradictions and rivalries. In this scenario, we intend to analyze how the New Silk Road, especially its maritime dimension in the Indian Ocean, forming the so-called string of pearls, affects the Sino-Indian relationship pattern. The article is structured in three stages. In the first section, we will present a brief summary of the different dimensions of the Belt and Road Initiative. In the second part, we will discuss the main challenges concerning the string of pearls. Finally, we will analyze how these factors impact Sino-Indian relations.Keywords: China; New Silk Road; String of pearls. Recebido em 30 abr. 2020 | Aceito em 19 out. 2020.
Análisis de la secuenciación de actividades en materiales de phrasal verbs: una propuesta didáctica basada en el modelo PC
Authors: Garcés-Manzanera Aitor 
Published: October 2020

En los últimos años, han surgido una gran cantidad de materiales destinados a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de phrasal verbs para estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera. En este sentido, la mayoría de estos materiales no sigue ningún patrón fijado en lo que respecta a la secuenciación de actividades, así como en lo que concierne a la presentación del concepto. Por ende, el presente artículo persigue analizar las carencias existentes en materiales de diversas editoriales desde un punto de vista cognitivo y pedagógico (relacionándolos, en este caso, con el tradicional modelo de secuenciación P-P-P). Así, se ha realizado un análisis pedagógico-cognitivo de una selección de materiales de phrasal verbs de diferentes niveles de competencia. A la luz de las carencias observadas, se ha planteado una propuesta didáctica con una secuencia eficiente dentro del modelo PC (basado en Procesos Comunicativos) para promover la automatización de estas estructuras particulares en el repertorio activo de uso de la lengua por estudiantes de niveles diversos.
Perspectives on the teaching of grammar: curriculum, didactic proposals, and classroom practice
Authors: Fontich Xavier , Rodríguez Gonzalo Carmen 
Published: October 2020

La enseñanza de la gramática es un tema de permanente actualidad en la enseñanza de las lenguas, tanto ambientales como extranjeras. A pesar de algunas posiciones que cuestionan su utilidad, en el momento presente numerosas acciones en el mundo académico (publicación de monografías y materiales, celebración de encuentros y debates, etc.) sugieren el vivo interés, en el plano internacional, que suscita la exploración del lugar de la gramática en la educación lingüística. Una de esas acciones ha sido la celebración del III Congreso Internacional de Enseñanza de la Gramática (Congram19), que tuvo lugar en Barcelona en enero de 2019, con asistencia de más de 250 delegados de una treintena de países. Este congreso constituye el origen del monográfico que presentamos.
Low-power design of electrotunable color filters and optical switches
Authors: Chowdhary Ashish Kumar , Sikdar Debabrata 
Published: October 2020

We propose low-power designs of electrotunable absorption- and transmission-mode color filters and optical switches based on a metal–dielectric–metal structure. By applying voltage across an electro-optic polymer, used as a dielectric layer, tunable color filtering is achieved over a voltage range of

−

10

V

to

+

10

V

. Moreover, by adjusting each layer thickness, such designs can also be used as optical switches at 1550 nm telecom wavelength, exhibiting unmatched

∼

99
%

switching efficiency, operable with only 5 V power supply. Our theoretical results agree well with full-wave simulations. Our design is lithography-free, large-area compatible, power-efficient, polarization-independent, and angle-insensitive and has an extremely narrow bandwidth (12 nm).
Toward 1% single-photon anharmonicity with periodically poled lithium niobate microring resonators
Authors: Lu Juanjuan , Li Ming , Zou Chang-Ling , Al Sayem Ayed , Tang Hong X. 
Published: October 2020

The absence of the single-photon nonlinearity has been a major
roadblock in developing quantum photonic circuits at optical
frequencies. In this paper, we demonstrate a periodically poled thin
film lithium niobate microring resonator (PPLNMR) that reaches
5,000,000%/W second-harmonic conversion efficiency—almost 20-fold
enhancement over the state-of-the-art—by accessing its largest

χ

(
2
)

tensor component

d

33

via quasi-phase matching. The
corresponding single-photon coupling rate

g

/

2
π

is estimated to be 1.2 MHz, which is
an important milestone as it approaches the dissipation rate

κ

/

2
π

of best-available lithium niobate
microresonators developed in the community. Using a figure of merit
defined as

g

/

κ

, our device reaches a single-photon
nonlinear anharmonicity approaching 1%. We show that, by further
scaling of the device, it is possible to improve the single-photon
anharmonicity to a regime where photon blockade effect can be
manifested.
Bias-drift-free Mach–Zehnder modulators based on a heterogeneous silicon and lithium niobate platform
Authors: Sun Shihao , He Mingbo , Xu Mengyue , Gao Shengqian , Chen Ziyan , Zhang Xian , Ruan Ziliang , Wu Xiong , Zhou Lidan , Liu Lin , Lu Chao , Guo Changjian , Liu Liu , Yu Siyuan , Cai Xinlun 
Published: October 2020

Optical modulators have been and will continue to be essential devices for
energy- and cost-efficient optical communication networks. Heterogeneous silicon
and lithium niobate modulators have demonstrated promising performances of low
optical loss, low drive voltage, and large modulation bandwidth. However, DC
bias drift is a major drawback of optical modulators using lithium niobate as
the active electro-optic material. Here, we demonstrate high-speed and
bias-drift-free Mach–Zehnder modulators based on the heterogeneous silicon and
lithium niobate platform. The devices combine stable thermo-optic DC biases in
silicon and ultra-fast electro-optic modulation in lithium niobate, and exhibit
a low insertion loss of 1.8 dB, a low half-wave voltage of 3 V, an electro-optic
modulation bandwidth of at least 70 GHz, and modulation data rates up to
128 Gb/s.
Środowisko naukowe Uniwersytetu Padewskiego w okresie studiów Klemensa Janickiego
Authors: Quirini-Popławska Danuta 
Published: October 2020

The author of this article made a synthetic presentation of the results of the research of Polish and Italian historiography (based on the surveys into the primary sources) regarding the sojourn and study of Klemens Janicki at the University of Padua. Preserved doctoral diploma and poetic laurels bestowed upon the poet at the same time allowed the reconstruction of the course of this ceremony and identification of its participants. Academic atmosphere of Padua was presented in the article, including its prominent representatives: lawyers, philosophers and physicians, as well as the group of Polish students from the first half of the sixteenth century.
Linguistic Structure and Meaning Organize Neural Oscillations into a Content-Specific Hierarchy
Authors: Kaufeld Greta , Bosker Hans Rutger , ten Oever Sanne , Alday Phillip M. , Meyer Antje S. , Martin Andrea E. 
Published: October 2020

Neural oscillations track linguistic information during speech comprehension (Ding et al., 2016; Keitel et al., 2018), and are known to be modulated by acoustic landmarks and speech intelligibility (Doelling et al., 2014; Zoefel and VanRullen, 2015). However, studies investigating linguistic tracking have either relied on non-naturalistic isochronous stimuli or failed to fully control for prosody. Therefore, it is still unclear whether low-frequency activity tracks linguistic structure during natural speech, where linguistic structure does not follow such a palpable temporal pattern. Here, we measured electroencephalography (EEG) and manipulated the presence of semantic and syntactic information apart from the timescale of their occurrence, while carefully controlling for the acoustic-prosodic and lexical-semantic information in the signal. EEG was recorded while 29 adult native speakers (22 women, 7 men) listened to naturally spoken Dutch sentences, jabberwocky controls with morphemes and sentential prosody, word lists with lexical content but no phrase structure, and backward acoustically matched controls. Mutual information (MI) analysis revealed sensitivity to linguistic content: MI was highest for sentences at the phrasal (0.8–1.1 Hz) and lexical (1.9–2.8 Hz) timescales, suggesting that the delta-band is modulated by lexically driven combinatorial processing beyond prosody, and that linguistic content (i.e., structure and meaning) organizes neural oscillations beyond the timescale and rhythmicity of the stimulus. This pattern is consistent with neurophysiologically inspired models of language comprehension (Martin, 2016, 2020; Martin and Doumas, 2017) where oscillations encode endogenously generated linguistic content over and above exogenous or stimulus-driven timing and rhythm information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBiological systems like the brain encode their environment not only by reacting in a series of stimulus-driven responses, but by combining stimulus-driven information with endogenous, internally generated, inferential knowledge and meaning. Understanding language from speech is the human benchmark for this. Much research focuses on the purely stimulus-driven response, but here, we focus on the goal of language behavior: conveying structure and meaning. To that end, we use naturalistic stimuli that contrast acoustic-prosodic and lexical-semantic information to show that, during spoken language comprehension, oscillatory modulations reflect computations related to inferring structure and meaning from the acoustic signal. Our experiment provides the first evidence to date that compositional structure and meaning organize the oscillatory response, above and beyond prosodic and lexical controls.
Myosin X Interaction with KIF13B, a Crucial Pathway for Netrin-1-Induced Axonal Development
Authors: Yu Hua-Li , Peng Yun , Zhao Yang , Lan Yong-Sheng , Wang Bo , Zhao Lu , Sun Dong , Pan Jin-Xiu , Dong Zhao-Qi , Mei Lin , Ding Yu-Qiang , Zhu Xiao-Juan , Xiong Wen-Cheng 
Published: October 2020

Myosin X (Myo X) transports cargos to the tips of filopodia for cell adhesion, migration, and neuronal axon guidance. Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) is one of the Myo X cargos that is essential for Netrin-1-regulated axon pathfinding. The function of Myo X in axon developmentin vivoand the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we provide evidence for the role of Myo X in Netrin-1-DCC-regulated axon development in developing mouse neocortex. The knockout (KO) or knockdown (KD) of Myo X in cortical neurons of embryonic mouse brain impairs axon initiation and contralateral branching/targeting. Similar axon deficits are detected in Netrin-1-KO or DCC-KD cortical neurons. Further proteomic analysis of Myo X binding proteins identifies KIF13B (a kinesin family motor protein). The Myo X interaction with KIF13B is induced by Netrin-1. Netrin-1 promotes anterograde transportation of Myo X into axons in a KIF13B-dependent manner. KIF13B-KD cortical neurons exhibit similar axon deficits. Together, these results reveal Myo X-KIF13B as a critical pathway for Netrin-1-promoted axon initiation and branching/targeting.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNetrin-1 increases Myosin X (Myo X) interaction with KIF13B, and thus promotes axonal delivery of Myo X and axon initiation and contralateral branching in developing cerebral neurons, revealing unrecognized functions and mechanisms underlying Netrin-1 regulation of axon development.
The Pathophysiology of Dystonic Tremors and Comparison With Essential Tremor
Authors: Panyakaew Pattamon , Cho Hyun Joo , Lee Sang Wook , Wu Tianxia , Hallett Mark 
Published: October 2020

There are two types of dystonic tremor syndromes (DTS), dystonic tremor (DT) and tremor associated with dystonia (TAWD), and neither is understood. DTS likely share some mechanisms with nontremulous dystonia, and there may also be overlaps with essential tremor (ET). We studied 21 ET (8 females, 13 males) and 22 DTS human patients (10 females, 12 males), including 13 human patients with DT (writer's cramp with writing tremor) and 9 human patients with tremor associated with dystonia (TAWD; cervical dystonia with hand tremor). Tremors were analyzed using accelerometry and surface EMG of the antagonist pairs of arm muscles during posture, simple kinetic movement, and writing. Cerebellar inhibition was performed to assess cerebello-thalamo-cortical involvement. DT exhibited higher variability of peak frequency and greater instability of tremor burst intervals over time (higher tremor stability index) than ET or TAWD regardless of tasks. Intermuscular coherence magnitude between the antagonist pairs increased during the writing task in DT, but not ET or TAWD. ET and TAWD exhibited different phase relationships of the temporal fluctuations of voluntary movement and tremor in the kinetic condition. A linear discriminant classifier based on these tremor parameters was able to distinguish the three groups with a classification accuracy of 95.1%. Cerebellar inhibition was significantly reduced in DT, but not in TAWD, compared with ET and healthy controls. Our study shows that the two DTS are distinct entities with DT closer to nontremorous dystonia and TAWD closer to ET.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study provides novel findings about characteristics and pathophysiology of the two different types of dystonic tremor syndromes compared with essential tremor. Patients with DTS are classified into DT who have dystonia and tremor in the same area, and tremor associated with dystonia (TAWD) who have dystonia and tremor elsewhere. Our results showed that DT exhibits increased tremor variability, instability, and intermuscular coherence, and decreased cerebello-thalamo-cortical inhibition compared with TAWD. Our study shows that DT and TAWD are distinct phenotypes, and that the physiological characteristics of DT are more similar to nontremorous dystonia, and TAWD is closer to ET.
Noradrenergic Activity in the Olfactory Bulb Is a Key Element for the Stability of Olfactory Memory
Authors: Linster Christiane , Midroit Maellie , Forest Jeremy , Thenaisie Yohann , Cho Christina , Richard Marion , Didier Anne , Mandairon Nathalie 
Published: October 2020

Memory stability is essential for animal survival when environment and behavioral state change over short or long time spans. The stability of a memory can be expressed by its duration, its perseverance when conditions change as well as its specificity to the learned stimulus. Using optogenetic and pharmacological manipulations in male mice, we show that the presence of noradrenaline in the olfactory bulb during acquisition renders olfactory memories more stable. We show that while inhibition of noradrenaline transmission during an odor–reward acquisition has no acute effects, it alters perseverance, duration, and specificity of the memory. We use a computational approach to propose a proof of concept model showing that a single, simple network effect of noradrenaline on olfactory bulb dynamics can underlie these seemingly different behavioral effects. Our results show that acute changes in network dynamics can have long-term effects that extend beyond the network that was manipulated.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOlfaction guides the behavior of animals. For successful survival, animals have to remember previously learned information and at the same time be able to acquire new memories. We show here that noradrenaline in the olfactory bulb, the first cortical relay of the olfactory information, is important for creating stable and specific olfactory memories. Memory stability, as expressed in perseverance, duration and specificity of the memory, is enhanced when noradrenergic inputs to the olfactory bulb are unaltered. We show that, computationally, our diverse behavioral results can be ascribed to noradrenaline-driven changes in neural dynamics. These results shed light on how very temporary changes in neuromodulation can have a variety of long-lasting effects on neural processing and behavior.
Cortico-Subcortical Functional Connectivity Profiles of Resting-State Networks in Marmosets and Humans
Authors: Hori Yuki , Schaeffer David J. , Yoshida Atsushi , Cléry Justine C. , Hayrynen Lauren K. , Gati Joseph S. , Menon Ravi S. , Everling Stefan 
Published: October 2020

Understanding the similarity of cortico-subcortical networks topologies between humans and nonhuman primate species is critical to study the origin of network alternations underlying human neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases. The New World common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has become popular as a nonhuman primate model for human brain function. Most marmoset connectomic research, however, has exclusively focused on cortical areas, with connectivity to subcortical networks less extensively explored. Here, we aimed to first isolate patterns of subcortical connectivity with cortical resting-state networks in awake marmosets using resting-state fMRI, then to compare these networks with those in humans using connectivity fingerprinting. In this study, we used 5 marmosets (4 males, 1 female). While we could match several marmoset and human resting-state networks based on their functional fingerprints, we also found a few striking differences, for example, strong functional connectivity of the default mode network with the superior colliculus in marmosets that was much weaker in humans. Together, these findings demonstrate that many of the core cortico-subcortical networks in humans are also present in marmosets, but that small, potentially functionally relevant differences exist.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe common marmoset is becoming increasingly popular as an additional preclinical nonhuman primate model for human brain function. Here we compared the functional organization of cortico-subcortical networks in marmosets and humans using ultra-high field fMRI. We isolated the patterns of subcortical connectivity with cortical resting-state networks (RSNs) in awake marmosets using resting-state fMRI and then compared these networks with those in humans using connectivity fingerprinting. While we could match several marmoset and human RSNs based on their functional fingerprints, we also found several striking differences. Together, these findings demonstrate that many of the core cortico-subcortical RSNs in humans are also present in marmosets, but that small, potentially functionally relevant differences exist.
Dissociation of Medial Frontal β-Bursts and Executive Control
Authors: Errington Steven P. , Woodman Geoffrey F. , Schall Jeffrey D. 
Published: October 2020

The neural mechanisms of executive and motor control concern both basic researchers and clinicians. In human studies, preparation and cancellation of movements are accompanied by changes in the β-frequency band (15–29 Hz) of electroencephalogram (EEG). Previous studies with human participants performing stop signal (countermanding) tasks have described reduced frequency of transient β-bursts over sensorimotor cortical areas before movement initiation and increased β-bursting over medial frontal areas with movement cancellation. This modulation has been interpreted as contributing to the trial-by-trial control of behavior. We performed identical analyses of EEG recorded over the frontal lobe of macaque monkeys (one male, one female) performing a saccade countermanding task. While we replicate the occurrence and modulation of β-bursts associated with initiation and cancellation of saccades, we found that β-bursts occur too infrequently to account for the observed stopping behavior. We also found β-bursts were more common after errors, but their incidence was unrelated to response time (RT) adaptation. These results demonstrate the homology of this EEG signature between humans and macaques but raise questions about the current interpretation of β band functional significance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe finding of increased β-bursting over medial frontal cortex with movement cancellation in humans is difficult to reconcile with the finding of modulation too late to contribute to movement cancellation in medial frontal cortex of macaque monkeys. To obtain comparable measurement scales, we recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) over medial frontal cortex of macaques performing a stop signal (countermanding) task. We replicated the occurrence and modulation of β-bursts associated with the cancellation of movements, but we found that β-bursts occur too infrequently to account for observed stopping behavior. Unfortunately, this finding raises doubts whether β-bursts can be a causal mechanism of response inhibition, which impacts future applications in devices such as brain-machine interfaces.