bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The routine use of synovial alpha-defensin is not necessary
Authors: Amanatullah Derek F. , Cheng Robin Z. , Huddleston III James I. , Maloney William J. , Finlay Andrea K. , Kappagoda Shanthi , Suh Gina A. , Goodman Stuart B. 
Published: April 2020

Aims To establish the utility of adding the laboratory-based synovial alpha-defensin immunoassay to the traditional diagnostic work-up of a prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods A group of four physicians evaluated 158 consecutive patients who were worked up for PJI, of which 94 underwent revision arthroplasty. Each physician reviewed the diagnostic data and decided on the presence of PJI according to the 2014 Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria (yes, no, or undetermined). Their initial randomized review of the available data before or after surgery was blinded to each alpha-defensin result and a subsequent randomized review was conducted with each result. Multilevel logistic regression analysis assessed the effect of having the alpha-defensin result on the ability to diagnose PJI. Alpha-defensin was correlated to the number of synovial white blood cells (WBCs) and percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (%PMN). Results Intraobserver reliability and interobserver agreement did not change when the alpha-defensin result was available. Positive alpha-defensin results had greater synovial WBCs (mean 31,854 cells/μL, SD 32,594) and %PMN (mean 93.0%, SD 5.5%) than negative alpha-defensin results (mean 974 cells/μL, SD 3,988; p < 0.001 and mean 39.4% SD 28.6%; p < 0.001). Adding the alpha-defensin result did not alter the diagnosis of a PJI using preoperative (odds ratio (OR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14 to 1.88; p = 0.315) or operative (OR 0.52, CI 0.18 to 1.55; p = 0.242) data when clinicians already decided that PJI was present or absent with traditionally available testing. However, when undetermined with traditional preoperative testing, alpha-defensin helped diagnose (OR 0.44, CI 0.30 to 0.64; p < 0.001) or rule out (OR 0.41, CI 0.17 to 0.98; p = 0.044) PJI. Of the 27 undecided cases with traditional testing, 24 (89%) benefited from the addition of alpha-defensin testing. Conclusion The laboratory-based synovial alpha-defensin immunoassay did not help diagnose or rule out a PJI when added to routine serologies and synovial fluid analyses except in cases where the diagnosis of PJI was unclear. We recommend against the routine use of alpha-defensin and suggest using it only when traditional testing is indeterminate. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):593–599.
Mechanical failure of 113 uncemented modular revision femoral components
Authors: Krueger D. R. , Guenther K-P. , Deml M. C. , Perka C. 
Published: April 2020

Aims We evaluated a large database with mechanical failure of a single uncemented modular femoral component, used in revision hip arthroplasty, as the end point and compared them to a control group treated with the same implant. Patient- and implant-specific risk factors for implant failure were analyzed. Methods All cases of a fractured uncemented modular revision femoral component from one manufacturer until April 2017 were identified and the total number of implants sold until April 2017 was used to calculate the fracture rate. The manufacturer provided data on patient demographics, time to failure, and implant details for all notified fractured devices. Patient- and implant-specific risk factors were evaluated using a logistic regression model with multiple imputations and compared to data from a previously published reference group, where no fractures had been observed. The results of a retrieval analysis of the fractured implants, performed by the manufacturer, were available for evaluation. Results There were 113 recorded cases with fracture at the modular junction, resulting in a calculated fracture rate of 0.30% (113/37,600). The fracture rate of the implant without signs of improper use was 0.11% (41/37,600). In 79% (89/113) of cases with a failed implant, either a lateralized (high offset) neck segment, an extralong head, or the combination of both were used. Logistic regression analysis revealed male sex, high body mass index (BMI), straight component design, and small neck segments were significant risk factors for failure. Investigation of the implants (76/113) showed at least one sign of improper use in 72 cases. Conclusion Implant failure at the modular junction is associated with patient- and implant-specific risk factors as well as technical errors during implantation. Whenever possible, the use of short and lateralized neck segments should be avoided with this revision system. Implantation instructions and contraindications need to be adhered to and respected. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):573–579.
THOUGHTS ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES IN EUROPE
Authors: Liakopoulos Dimitris 
Published: April 2020

The present work is concentrated on a construction of a legal person's model responsibility for the EU countries, with a particular attention for a comparative analyse of the systems assumed in certain European nations (Italian, France, Spain, German, Belgian systems). The end result of this system is oriented to corporates responsibilities that, after the mass transfer of general interest from public service to privates services, corporates have to attend to relatives guarantees. Because it was established a social insecurity level, we have produced a model of corporation’s organisation engaged of a security position, that exceed the traditional standard of culpability.
PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI ENERGI KIPAS SIRKULASI UDARA DI PANEL LISTRIK MELALUI PENGATURAN KECEPATAN
Authors: Tadeus Dista Yoel , Mangkusasmito Fakhruddin 
Published: April 2020

Internal temperature of electric panel practically depend on the amount of power dissipation generated by the panel components and the outside temperature. If this equilibrium is not maintained then the internal temperature can increase too high beyond the working temperature limit for components so as to shorten the life of panel components. Generally, there are two fans installed to circulate the air inside the panel that operates at fixed speed. In order to improve fan energy efficiency, it is necessary to add a control system that can adjust the fan speed based on actual panel internal temperature. Efforts to increase energy efficiency are realized using cheap hardware and easily available on the market, the ATMEGA 8535 microcontroller and LM 35 temperature sensor. The fan speed is normalized in percent units and expressed virtually using the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal value calculated by the proportional control algorithm inside the controller. The experimental results show that the PWM value can vary with actual panel internal temperature. Using the time constant temperature asumption k1 = 0.2, k2 = 0.4, k3 = 0.2, k4 = 0.2 and experimental data, it was shown by calculations that there was an increase in energy efficiency by 40.8%.
Analysis of Production Technology of Wood Briquettes, Including Costs and Distribution
Authors: Jasiczek Filip , Kwaśniewski Dariusz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper analyzes the costs of production of wood sawdust briquettes, manufactured by the company Brykiet-Pol2, based in Goleszów in southern Poland. In addition, production technology, raw material supply and distribution of the finished product were analyzed. The costs of producing one ton of briquettes for the four assessed variants ranged from PLN 364.8 (option D) to PLN 648.7 (option A). The cost structure was dominated by the purchase of raw material and depreciation of the technological line. The most economically advantageous production variant was option C, currently implemented in the company (production costs: PLN 458.7·t−1), and the proposed option D, using two briquetting presses. The latter option increased production efficiency and reduced unit costs of briquette production in a three-shift system around the clock.
Cluster Analysis in Assessment of Organic Farms Sustainability. Part II Results of Research
Authors: Sporysz Maciej , Szczuka Maria , Tabor Sylwester , Molenda Krzysztof , Kuboń Maciej 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A modern model of agriculture is based on three orders - organic, social and economic. An attempt was made in this paper to apply cluster analysis for assessment of economic and organic sustainability of organic farms. Factors that statistically influenced a decision on which farms should be recognised as sustainable were indicated. Analyses allow the following conclusion: 1) in organic farming, animal production including cattle breeding and rearing must be based on a high acreage of permanent grasslands; 2) neither the performed production processes nor the level of their automation rate or the level of organic balance do not decide on the production effectiveness, but factors of the surrounding including social factors.
Analysis of the Harvesting Quality of Redcurrant with a Trailed Combine
Authors: Szmajda Grażyna , Nowakowski Tomasz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Field tests on the quality of shaking off redcurrant fruit Rosetta cultivar with a half-row trailer harvester “Marek” produced by Dom-Wid were carried out. The tests were performed at two average working speeds ῡ1 = 0.47 m·s−1; ῡ2 = 0.60 m·s−1 and two rotational speeds of a tractor n1 = 1500 rpm; n2 = 1900 rpm. The length and diameter of shoots of redcurrant, length of a bunch, number of fruits in a bunch and mass of fruit were measured. Weather conditions were presented: rain fall, air temperature and moisture. Analysis of results showed that the working speed and the rotational speed has a significant impact on the quality and amount of the yield. At the highest rotations, the harvesting quality of fruit by a harvester was the worst and was 77.15%.
Inhibin A as a tumor marker for primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Wurth Rachel , Kamilaris Crystal , Nilubol Naris , Sadowski Samira M , Berthon Annabel , Quezado Martha M , Faucz Fabio R , Stratakis Constantine A , Hannah-Shmouni Fady 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) is a rare cause of ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome (CS). This condition is characterized by glucocorticoid and/or mineralocorticoid excess, and is commonly regulated by aberrant G-protein coupled receptor expression may be subclinical, allowing the disease to progress for years undetected. Inhibin A is a glycoprotein hormone and tumor marker produced by certain endocrine glands including the adrenal cortex, which has not been previously investigated as a potential tumor marker for PBMAH. In the present report, serum inhibin A levels were evaluated in three patients with PBMAH before and after adrenalectomy. In all cases, serum inhibin A was elevated preoperatively and subsequently fell within the normal range after adrenalectomy. Additionally, adrenal tissues stained positive for inhibin A. We conclude that serum inhibin A levels may be a potential tumor marker for PBMAH.

Learning points:

PBMAH is a rare cause of CS.

PBMAH may have an insidious presentation, allowing the disease to progress for years prior to diagnosis.

Inhibin A is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone expressed in the gonads and adrenal cortex.

Inhibin A serum concentrations are elevated in some patients with PBMAH, suggesting the potential use of this hormone as a tumor marker.

Further exploration of serum inhibin A concentration, as it relates to PBMAH disease progression, is warranted to determine if this hormone could serve as an early detection marker and/or predictor of successful surgical treatment.
Central diabetes insipidus and pituitary stalk thickening in adults: distinction of neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions
Authors: Devuyst France , Kazakou Paraskevi , Balériaux Danielle , Alexopoulou Orsalia , Burniat Agnès , Salenave Sylvie , Chanson Philippe , Corvilain Bernard , Maiter Dominique 
Published: April 2020

Context
Association of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) and pituitary stalk thickening (PST) may have several etiologies (including malignancies) and differential diagnosis remains often difficult.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to identify which clinical, biochemical or radiological features could help clinicians to make an etiological diagnosis, especially distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic pituitary stalk lesions.

Design and methods
We retrospectively analyzed clinical, biochemical, radiological and histological data of 38 adult patients diagnosed with CDI and PST of proven etiology.

Results
Of the 38 pituitary stalk lesions included, 11 (29%) were neoplastic. A histopathological diagnosis was obtained in 22/38 (58%) patients. The three most frequently observed etiologies of PST were neuroinfundibulitis (34%), germinoma (21%) and histiocytosis (18%). Pituitary stalk thickness was larger for neoplastic lesions, particularly germinomas. Male gender and a very young age were statistically associated with a risk of germinoma. At least one anterior pituitary deficit was observed in nearly 60% of patients. Patients with neoplastic PST were more affected by multiple anterior pituitary dysfunction than patients with benign PST. A high serum prolactin level was individually the best predictor of a neoplastic origin (90% sensitivity and 60% specificity for a serum prolactin level 1.27-fold above the normal upper limit (ULN)).

Conclusion
We confirm a relatively high risk of malignancy in adult patients presenting with the association of CDI and PST. Young age, male gender, a very large thickening of the stalk, multiple anterior pituitary deficits and prolactin above 1.3× ULN increase the likelihood of a neoplastic origin.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ACTINOMYCETES ASAL DESA CEMPAKA KAPUAS HULU KALIMANTAN BARAT TERHADAP ENTEROPATOGENIK GASTROENTERITIS
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Almuhardi Ihsan , Antoni Antoni , Rahmawati Rahmawati 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakAntibiotik yang digunakan secara tidak tepat dapat meningkatkan jumlah bakteri penyebab gastroenteritis yang resisten terhadap antibiotik. Beberapa kelompok mikroorganisme tanah diketahui memiliki potensi menghasilkan senyawa aktif untuk menghambat dan membunuh bakteri patogen, seperti Actinomycetes. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi antibiotik Actinomycetes terhadap bakteri penyebab gastroenteritis yang diisolasi dari sawah tandus di Desa Cempaka Baru, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat. Proses penelitian dilakukan dari isolasi Actinomycetes dari sawah tandus, karakterisasi, serta pengujian kemampuan antibiotik terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028 dan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 menggunakan metode sumuran pada media Mueller Hinton Agar. Hasil identifikasi berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi koloni, sel, dan biokimia diperoleh 1 isolat bakteri, yaitu genus Nocardia sp. ATS-4.1 yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri-bakteri uji yang dibuktikan adanya rata-rata zona hambat yang terbentuk, yakni 14,51 mm; 16,16 mm; dan 11,10 mm. Hasil uji statistik Friedman diperoleh nilai Asymp. Sig 0,10>0,05, sehingga menunjukkan bahwa pemberian cairan kultur isolat Nocardia ATS-4.1 memberikan pengaruh yang tidak berbeda nyata antara hambatan terhadap bakteri E. coli, S. enterica, dan S. aureus. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa isolat Nocardia sp. ATS-4.1 berpotensi menghasilkan antibakteri yang setara terhadap bakteri E. coli, S. enterica, dan S. aureus penyebab gastroenteritis.Abstract Using antibiotics incorrectly increases the number of resistant bacteria to gastroenteritis. Soil microorganisms are known to have the potential to produce active compounds to inhibit and kill pathogenic bacteria, for example, Actinomycetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of antibiotics Actinomycetes isolated from rice fields in Cempaka Baru, Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan, against gastroenteritis bacteria. The research order was carried out by isolating Actinomycetes from barren rice fields, and then characterizing and testing the ability of antibiotics against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using the well method on Mueller Hinton Agar. The identification results based on morphological characteristics of colonies, cells and biochemistry showed that one of the bacteria was from genus Nocardia sp. ATS-4.1 which was able to inhibit the three test bacteria by the average inhibition zone 14.51 mm; 16.16 mm; and 11.10 mm, respectively. Friedman’s statistical test resulted in values asymp. sig 0.10>0.05 which showed that the isolate gave inhibition differences insignificantly among the bacteria. In conclusion, isolate Nocardia sp. ATS-4.1 able to produce equal antibacterial activity against bacteria E. coli, S. enterica and S. aureus caused gastroenteritis.
Comparison of injection of midazolam-fentanyl with pethidine in management of pain induced by extracorporeal shock wave lithitripsy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kameli Ahmad , Haghighi Ramin , Marhamati Mahmoud , Zarei Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Urinary stones are the third most common disease of the genitourinary tract after urinary tract infections and prostate diseases. One of the ways to remove a urinary stone is extracorporeal shock wave lithitripsy, which crushes the stones for easier removal, and it is often used to reduce pain, reduce anxiety, and stabilize the patient. In this regard, the use of effective analgesics with less serious side effects seems reasonable.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed with 90 patients who were divided into two groups according to a random number table. The first group received pethidine, and the second group received midazolam and fentanyl (midazolam-fentanyl). The type of medication used and demographic information were recorded, and the patients’ pain was assessed by a visual analog pain scale at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes.
Results: Of the subjects, 59 (65.5%) were male and 30 (33.5%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 38.4 ± 13.5 years. The level of pain at 15 minutes was 3.71 ± 2.4 in the midazolam-fentanyl group and 5.33 ± 2.9 in the pethidine group. At 45 minutes, the pain level was 4.2 ± 3.1 in the midazolam-fentanyl group and 5.26 ± 2.72 in the pethidine group. The differences between groups was significant at 15 and 45 minutes. At 30 and 60 minutes, the pain was lower in the midazolam-fentanyl group than in the pethidine group, but these differences were not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the incidence of nausea and vomiting, restlessness, and anxiety.
Conclusion: This study showed that the pain reported by patients using fentanyl-midazolam was lower than the pain reported by patients on pethidine, and the pain decreased with time in both groups. Therefore, if there is no other indication for the use of drugs, the combination of fentanyl-midazolam will have a better effect on pain and should be used.
Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials IRCT2016051427893N1.
Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: King Daniel L. , Delfabbro Paul H. , Billieux Joel , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStay-at-home mandates and quarantines related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have led to greatly increased participation in online gaming. Initiatives such as #PlayApartTogether that promote gaming for socializing and stress reduction may achieve positive outcomes. Although gaming can be a healthy coping strategy for the majority, it can also pose risks to some vulnerable individuals. Protracted periods of social isolation and technology-based activity pose the danger of solidifying unhealthy lifestyle patterns, leading to difficulties to readaptation when the COVID-19 crisis has passed. Balanced and effective approaches to gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed to support physical and psychological wellbeing.
Computational Algorithms for Reducing Rational Transfer Functions’ Order
Authors: Gourary Mark , Rusakov Sergey , Zharov Mikhail , Ulyanov Sergey 
Published: April 2020

A problem of reducing a linear time-invariant dynamic system is considered as a problem of approximating its initial rational transfer function with a similar function of a lower order. The initial transfer function is also assumed to be rational. The approximation error is defined as the standard integral deviation of the transient characteristics of the initial and reduced transfer function in the time domain. The formulations of two main types of approximation problems are considered: a) the traditional problem of minimizing the approximation error at a given order of the reduced model; b) the proposed problem of minimizing the order of the model at a given tolerance on the approximation error.
Algorithms for solving approximation problems based on the Gauss-Newton iterative process are developed. At the iteration step, the current deviation of the transient characteristics is linearized with respect to the coefficients of the denominator of the reduced transfer function. Linearized deviations are used to obtain new values of the transfer function coefficients using the least-squares method in a functional space based on Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization. The general form of expressions representing linearized deviations of transient characteristics is obtained.
To solve the problem of minimizing the order of the transfer function in the framework of the least squares algorithm, the Gram-Schmidt process is also used. The completion criterion of the process is to achieve a given error tolerance. It is shown that the sequence of process steps corresponding to the alternation of coefficients of polynomials of the numerator and denominator of the transfer function provides the minimum order of transfer function.
The paper presents an extension of the developed algorithms to the case of a vector transfer function with a common denominator. An algorithm is presented with the approximation error defined in the form of a geometric sum of scalar errors. The use of the minimax form for error estimation and the possibility of extending the proposed approach to the problem of reducing the irrational initial transfer function are discussed.
Experimental code implementing the proposed algorithms is developed, and the results of numerical evaluations of test examples of various types are obtained.
Dopuszczalność krytyki ideologii gender w kontekście prawa do swobodnego pełnienia misji przez Kościół katolicki w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors: Steczkowski Piotr 
Published: April 2020

Artykuł ukazuje rozwój idei gender i jej wpływ na rozumienie praw człowieka w prawie międzynarodowym. W tym kontekście został postawiony problem ewentualnego konfliktu pomiędzy uprawnieniami osób LGBT a swobodą głoszenia doktryny religijnej przez Kościół katolicki. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz został sformułowany wniosek, że w obecnym stanie prawnym obowiązującym w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej krytyka idei gender, jak również samego stylu życia osób LGBT jest dopuszczalna prawnie, pod warunkiem, że jej treść będzie zgodna z doktryną danego kościoła lub innego związku wyznaniowego, nie będzie naruszać dóbr osobistych tych osób oraz przepisów prawa karnego. Ponadto stwierdzono, że dokonywanie przez przedstawicieli Kościoła katolickiego w ramach wykonywanych przez nich funkcji ocen moralnych oraz krytyki ideologii gender, jak również efektów wdrażania jej w życie społeczne, mieści się w ramach swobodnego wykonywania misji Kościoła, ze względu na treść jego doktryny religijnej.