bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Playing with Fandom
Authors: Knudsen Gry Høngsmark , Hjort Michael Fabrin , Blaser Lukas Johannes 
Published: October 2019

Th is article addresses fandom from the perspective of LEGO Fans. Building on datafrom a large study of the LEGO Ideas platform, we investigate fandom as materialnarratives of play, nostalgia, and intertextuality. LEGO Ideas is a platform thatallows users to submit ideas for future LEGO products, and based on the supportof other users in the form of votes and comments on issues such as suggested priceand target market, LEGO decides whether or not to produce a suggested product.As such, LEGO Ideas is an online community for fans of LEGO, but a surprisingnumber of projects employ other fan narratives such as Star Wars, Marvel, GilmoreGirls, Beatles, and Doctor Who to name a few. When analysing the number ofprojects submitted to the platform, as many as 69% build on popular texts, brandsand celebrities. Further, two thirds of the approved projects build on popular textsand celebrities with established fan cultures.In this article we argue that fandom becomes a way to create bridges betweena variety of users and corporate interests. Although all the active participants onLEGO Ideas self-identify as AFOLS (adult fans of LEGO), they do not necessarilyagree about what constitutes an interesting LEGO Ideas project. One way to reachout and draw attention to a project, however, seems to be by employing fandomin general as leverage; that is, materialising fans’ narratives in LEGO is a drivingforce – not just for social interaction among the users – but also in getting their ideas considered for production by LEGO. Th us, when AFOLs bridge the apparentgap between toys and (often) adult fan cultures, they facilitate multiple ways ofengaging with both, in ways that underline the play and intertextuality of popularculture.
Gender differences on medical students’ attitudes toward patient-centred care: a cross-sectional survey conducted in Heilongjiang, China
Authors: Liu Wei , Hao Yanhua , Zhao Xiaowen , Peng Tao , Song Weijian , Xue Yuxin , Tao Siyi , Kang Zheng , Ning Ning , Gao Lijun , Cui Yu , Liang Libo , Wu Qunhong 
Published: October 2019

Objectives
Assessing medical students’ attitudes toward patient-centred care is essential to bettering medical education. Based on doctor-patient relationships and the medical system in China, it is important to explore the impact of gender differences and other background factors on patient-centred attitudes and to provide references for medical education reform.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on fourth-year medical undergraduate students from November 2017 to March 2018 in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China. The Chinese-revised Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (CR-PPOS), which has been validated in previous research, was used to measure the medical students’ attitudes. The medical students’ demographic data was collected, including their gender, age, information on whether they have siblings, family residence location, doctor(s) for parents, year in which the student first experienced clinical practice, and student category.

Results
A total of 513 students (91.12%) completed the survey. The Chinese medical students scored considerably higher for ‘Caring’ (including patients’ preferences into the decision-making process) than for ‘Sharing’ (sharing information/responsibility with patients). These students tended to have patient-centred attitudes, as measured by an average overall CR-PPOS score of 3.63 (scores higher than 3.5 indicate patient-centred attitudes), which is higher than Malian (3.38) and Pakistani (3.40) medical students but lower than American (4.57) and Brazilian (4.66) students. Female students (P < 0.05) were significantly associated with more patient-centred attitudes and with higher ‘Sharing’ and ‘Caring’ subscale scores. Student category (P < 0.05) was associated with ‘Sharing’ and ‘Caring’ scores. Clinical hospital students (P < 0.05) were associated with more patient-centred attitudes and with higher ‘Sharing’ and ‘Caring’ subscale scores, Students without siblings (p < 0.07) were associated with the higher ‘Sharing’ subscale scores.

Conclusions
In China, gender has a significant impact on medical students’ patient-centred attitudes, which is similar to findings from other countries. If medical schools want to raise patient-centred attitudes across the board and bridge the gap between male and female patient-centred attitudes, gender, student category, and other factors should be incorporated into medical education.
The Meanings and Uses of Symbols as Response to Social Environmental Stimuli by Individuals with Asperger’s (Phenomenology Study: London School Beyond Academy)
Authors: . Chrisdina 
Published: October 2019

The number of individuals with special needs in Indonesia is increasing. This certainly cannot be separated from the government's attention that issued various policies in support of their existence. One of the categories included in individuals with special needs is those who categorized as Asperger’s. The obstacle that occurs in Asperger is the difficulty in understanding the social interactions that occur around it. The use of symbols as a medium for communication sometimes leads to ambiguity of meaning when interpreted by individuals with Asperger’s and it is also possible that errors occur in the use of symbols. Using Mead's ideas which consist of three important elements- Mind, Self, and Society- this research reveals that the environment has a role as a stimulus when individuals with Asperger’s try to interpret and use symbols in a communication process.
The study was conducted at London School Beyond Academy Course (LSBA) and Skills Training Institute, a learning place that accepts students with special needs within the autistic category and learning difficulties who have completed high school or equivalent. In the Autistic category, there are 8 Asperger students who are all male between the ages of 19-24. After going through the consent process, the number of Asperger students reduced to 5. Other informants are from teachers and parents who are part of the students’ environment and providing stimulus to the students.
Based on the characteristics and objectives of the research, this study uses a phenomenology study that has the freedom to actively participate and pay attention to the daily activities of Asperger students in interacting socially with the environment. Through this research, three important things were found to cause failure and success things in interpreting symbols when interacting with Asperger student; (1) gestures, (2) memories (pas experienced), (3) society. In conclusion, the environment in Asperger students not only functions on the meaning of symbols, but also contributes to meaning.
Optimization of Packaging Line Performance: A Case Study of AB Breweries in Nigeria
Authors: James Ujam Chinedu , Chukwuemeka Godwin Harold 
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an approach for improving productivity in breweries. A case study of AB brewery was adopted. Traditionally, packaging line improve performance and productivity based on extrapolation of past experience, but in recent times, the traditional method could not meet up with high increase in demand of products, hence the need to adopt a new approach of using information technology and software to analyze problems and improving performance. Eleven weeks of the following data were collected and calculated; production outputs and running time; OPI and Target; and Packaging line downtimes. Downtimes were grouped into machine breakdown, planned downtime, and external downtimes and analyzed with histogram to know the impact of each group to the overall downtimes. To apply fishbone diagram, it was further grouped into Material, Method, Man and Machine after which a Pareto graph was plotted to understand the area of focus in tackling production system problems. Tecnomatrix plant simulation software was adopted to develop a simulation model that mimic the real system which further found hidden problems existing within the production system. Design of experiment was carried out to select the best alternatives from the results generated, and finally excel spreadsheet interface was developed for better analysis and performance tracking of optimized system. Result of data analysis indicated that machine breakdown and external downtimes were the major problems affecting performance, while simulation model revealed that unregulated system and un-optimized regulated lines recorded high machine breakdown and speed losses which affected the production performance output respectively. Design of experiment found the best speed combination of sensors to optimize two labellers.
Influence of Compressive, Tensile and Fatigue Stresses on Asphalt and Concrete Cement Road Pavements in Nigeria - Using Linear Elastic Theory
Authors: E. Ogbezode J. , I. Adeleke A. , S. Adebayo A. 
Published: October 2019

The high brittle nature of pavement structures have been carefully examined based on compressive, tensile strain and the harsh effects of fatigue cycle with reference to the base layer thicknesses and elastic strains during and after construction were examined. Subjection of asphalt and concrete-cement pavements to traffic loading and tyre pressure also influences the vertical stress and strain values for the asphalt and concrete materials under the same axial loading conditions. Using various fundamental equations under linear elastic conditions for the analysis of Asphalt and Concrete Cement structure revealed that both materials do respond differently to compressive and tensile stresses under similar mechanical conditions. Effect of compressive stresses and strains on concrete pavement is larger compare to asphalt pavement due to large thickness sub-base layer of its pavement structure. Both pavement layer thicknesses are independent of fatigue cycle under harsh traffic loading. Thus, concrete pavement has shown better fatigue resistance and less tensile strain values than asphalt pavements due to high pavement layer thickness regardless of the load distribution.
Design and Construction of 1 KVA Power Inverter System
Authors: E. Abioye A. , O. Ogbuatu M. , O. Oluwe M. , O. Egonwa B. , Ekiokeme K. 
Published: October 2019

The inverter system is a device that converts the Direct Current (DC) from a battery to an Alternating Current (AC) which can be used for appliances. It does not only convert the current but also steps the voltage of the battery up to the required value. The inverter system does not require fuel to make it function, that makes it cheap.
The circuit has seven (7) embedded circuits in it; namely the oscillator circuit, which comprises the 4047 Oscillator Integrated Circuit (IC), It converts the DC current signal to AC signal at the same frequency.
The current modification circuit, this comprises the switching transistors and the cascaded MOSFETs, which modifies the current to the desired input to the step up transformer which steps it up to the required voltage and current. The battery low circuit indicates when the inverter battery is low, while the battery full circuit indicates when the inverter battery is full. The change over circuit changes the source from AC main to battery automatically. The rectifying circuit charges the battery and lastly the inverter on circuit: this indicates when the inverter is on.
The inverter system also has the battery full indicator, which helps to safe – guard the life of the battery while charging and it automatically switches of charging mode once the battery is full. The inverter system has timer for delaying the incoming current surge to protect the inverter from the large surge current and increase the working life of the inverter. The inverter was tested and the result obtained showed that it was able to bear the load up to 870 VA.
Kinetic Study, Modelling and Optimization of Adsorption Processes for Removal of Crude Oil from Contaminated Water using Chitosan-Rice Husk Ash Composite
Authors: G. Oseke G. , T. Isa M. , S. Galadima M. , O. Ameh A. 
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed at developing chitosan-rice husk ash adsorbent for the removal of crude oil from contaminated water. Design Expert software 6.06 was used to design the adsorption experiment. The adsorption was tested for Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms and the kinetic studies also carried out. The effect of influencing parameters such as contact time, adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dosage and formulation ratio were studied. It was generally shown that adsorption process increased with time and adsorbate concentration and decreased with adsorbent dosage. Models for the prediction of adsorption capacity for the composite was significant with R2 value of 0.8382 and P-value of 0.0017. Optimum conditions were found to be 0.90 wt/wt chitosan/silica ratio, contact time of 5 min, and oil/water ratio of 0.25 v/v, which gave 20.66 g/g sorption capacity respectively. Adsorption isotherm studies of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were carried out for the chitosan-rice husk ash composite. Temkin isotherm best fitted with R2 value of 0.9999. The adsorption capacity of composite from isotherm studies was obtained to be 18.85 g/g adsorbent. The heat of adsorption bT (kJmol-1) obtained from Temkin isotherm study was -48.67 kJ/mol indicating physisorption of adsorbents to the crude oil. Kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo-second order model suitably described the removal of crude oil by the composite with R2 value 0.9999.
Experimental Investigation of the Performance and Energy Consumption of an Automated Ice-cube Making Machine
Authors: Shittu Rasheed Ayofe , Titiladunayo Isaac Femi 
Published: October 2019

Aims: This study investigates the performance of a developed automated ice-cube making machine under controlled ambient conditions, in which its energy usage, rate of ice cube production and refrigeration system performance was analysed.
Study Design: Average ambient temperatures of 24°C and 32°C were considered for investigation in order to determine their influence on ice production capacity, rate of ice-cube making and energy consumption. The choice of the ambient temperature is based on the extreme ambient conditions under which the machine is designed to operate in a wide range of geographical regions. The refrigeration system performance was carried out under normal room temperature (average of 23°C).
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State Central Workshop, Between December 2017 and January 2018.
Methodology: The machine was set into operation for 5 consecutive ice production cycle during which the ice making time, harvest time, quantity of ice produced and energy consumption were recorded.
Results: The ice production capacity, harvesting time and energy consumption show various dissimilarities at both temperatures. 0.618 kg of ice cubes were produced within an ice making cycle of 34.9 minutes, harvesting time of 1.28 minutes and total energy consumption of 0.14053 kWh at 24°C while at 32°C, the machine produced an average of 0.612 kg ice cubes within an ice making cycle of 38.5 minutes harvesting time 1.21 minutes and energy consumption of 0.15947 kWh respectively. Consequently, 13.5% more energy is consumed, with about 1% less quantity of ice produced at 32°C than at 24°C per ice production cycle.
Conclusion: Therefore, the ice making capacity of the developed machine suggests that the temperature of the environment has a strong influence on the energy consumption, but little effect on the quantity of ice produced per cycle. The refrigeration system cycle performance analysis results showed a considerably high cooling capacity of 0.379 kW during the ice-making cycle with a corresponding coefficient of performance (COP) of 2.23, and a heating capacity of 2.24 kW during the harvest cycle with a corresponding COP of 8.21. The results obtained showed that the machine is reliable in operation with minimal energy consumption.
Development of an Energy Storage Chamber to Enhance Solar Drying of Grain at Night
Authors: Fagunwa A. O. , Aregbesola O. A. , Faborode M. O. 
Published: October 2019

Solar drying is the one of the effective means for preserving grains and pulses. It is a simpler, cleaner and safer method of drying. However, most available solar dryers are inefficient due to non-availability of solar energy during the periods of low insolation which eventually leads to moisture re-absorption with pronounced effect particularly at night, causing growth on dried grains. To solve this problem, an energy collector and storage chamber was developed and connected to a developed solar dryer to serve as a heat source at night.
No load test was carried out at night when the dryer was subjected to four different conditions: valve opened and surface of the collector covered; valve opened and surface of the collector uncovered; valve closed and surface of the collector covered; and valve closed and surface of the collector uncovered. Load test was conducted by drying five different grains; maize, soyabean, groundnut, cowpea and sorghum during daytime using the dryer and applying the best combination of energy supplied and surface of the collector at night.
The result showed that the highest temperature difference of 35ºC and 33ºC were attained in the flat plate collector and drying chamber respectively, when the valve was opened and the surface of the collectors were covered. The load test revealed that there was a slight reduction in the moisture content of grains between midnight and 5 am. The highest moisture reduction (4%) was recorded during drying of sorghum while the least moisture reduction (1%) was recorded when drying cowpea at night. In conclusion, for continuous solar drying of grains at night using stored energy, the valve controlling the heat storage chamber should be opened and the surface of the collector should be covered to obtain optimum temperature within the drying chamber. Conserved heat energy from the energy storage chamber ensures continuous drying of smaller grains (sorghum) and at least prevents moisture re-absorption in larger grains (cowpea and maize).
Studies of the Compositional Characteristics of Commercial Roasted Beet Root Chips Snacks
Authors: Hossain B. , Kamrul N. , Biswas B. 
Published: October 2019

Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot) contains high amounts of active substances. The amounts of various compounds sucrose, glucose, fructose, micronutrients and physical properties were found in roasted beet root chips of two varieties cultivated in Jessore (BRJS) and Kustia (BRKS), Bangladesh. Large differences were found between the varieties for some nutrients (such as sucrose), whereas others showed only minor variation (physical properties and acceptability).
The study aims to estimate the composition characteristic of commercial roasted beet root chips snacks. The total sucrose content was found to range between 73.6 g/kg and 82.6 g/ kg of roasted chips samples. Other detected glucose, which accounted for up to 4.1% to 3.2% and fructose 1.31% to 1.21%. The % CV of sucrose, glucose and fructose were 14.5%, 43.3% and 52.6% respectively. Physicochemical properties of beet root Chips was studied and is shown in Table 4 for accepted sample BRTJS. The average weight of one piece of beetroot chips was 2.22 gm, diameter 5.15 cm, thickness 0.35 cm, height 0.7 cm and bulk density was 0.35g/cm3. The average apparent moisture diffusivity was calculated as 5.35X10-9 m 2s -1 with standard deviation 2.43X10-9 m 2s -1. The highest value of moisture diffusivity recorded as 1.9X10-9 of the MHSDT method and lowest value of 2.25X10-9. Proximate values was 2.2% moisture, 0.7% ash, 17% protein, 1.25% fat, 1.7% crude fiber and 74.02% carbohydrate respectively. Sensory evaluation for acceptances of the sample-RBJS got a highest sensorial score (9.0) for all parameters like the color (9.2), taste (9.25), texture (8.5), after taste (7.0) and overall acceptability (9.0) than other BRKS sample.
Specialized Singulation Punch Design for Package Chip-out Elimination
Authors: Sumagpang Jr Antonio R. , Gomez Frederick Ray I. 
Published: October 2019

In the semiconductor manufacturing industry, package chip-out is a common defect frequently encountered in trim and form (T/F) process. For thin shrink small outline package (TSSOP), top defect incurred during assembly manufacturing was the package chip-out located at the top surface of the package. In this scenario, the end-of-line (EOL) process parts per million (PPM) and its non-conformance report (NCR) are high. This paper discussed how the TSSOP20 package (hereinafter referred to as Device A) chip-out was addressed and replicated or simulated through package design simulation.
Strengthening Methods of the Existing Reinforced Concrete School Buildings in Medina, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Laissy Mohamed , Ismaeila Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, evaluation of the seismic performance of existing buildings has received great attention. This paper was carried out to study the effect of strengthening the existing reinforced concrete (RC) school buildings in Medina, Saudi Arabia through assessing the seismic performance and retrofitting where seismic analysis and design were done using equivalent static analysis method according to Saudi Building Code (SBC 301) and SAP2000 software.
A Typical five-story RC school building designed according to the SBC301 has been investigated in a comparative study to determine the suitable strengthening methods such as RC shear walls and steel X-bracing methods. The results revealed that the current design of RC school buildings located in Medina was unsafe, inadequate, and unsatisfied to mitigate seismic loads. Moreover, adding steel X-bracing and RC shear walls represent a suitable strategy to reduce their seismic vulnerability.
Design of Common-gate with Common-source Active Balun for WiMAX Receiver Front-end
Authors: Gomez Frederick Ray I. , Leon Maria Theresa G. De , Hizon John Richard E. 
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a design and simulation study of a common-gate with common-source active balun circuit implemented in a standard 90-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The active balun design is intended for worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) application, with operating frequency of 5.8 GHz and supply voltage of 1 V. Measurements are taken for parameters namely gain difference, phase difference, and noise figure. The common-source active balun design achieved a minimal gain difference of 0.04 dB, phase difference of 180 ± 1.5 degrees, and noise figure of 8.76 dB, which are comparable to past active balun designs and researches. The design eventually achieved a low power consumption of 4.45 mW.