bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Performance Alternative Diesel Engine Fuel using Modified Rice Straw Catalyst
Authors: Metwally Rehab , Hashish hassan Abu , El-Samad Haitham Abd , Awad Mostafa , Kadry Ghada 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The world depends almost on fossil fuels. This leads to depletion of oil and an increase in environmental pollution. Therefore, the researchers search to find alternative fuels. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was selected as feedstock for biodiesel production to eliminates the pollution problems. The agricultural waste is very big and without cost, this leads to the use of the rice straw in preparing a catalyst for biodiesel production. Results: The reusability of the acidic catalyst confirmed that the conversion efficiency was high until after 8 cycles of the production. The highest conversion efficiency of the converting WCO extended to 90.38% with 92.5% maximum mass yield and methyl ester content 97.7% wt. at the optimized conditions. The result was indicating that B15 is the best blend for thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption. All emission concentrations decrease with increasing the engine load, especially for B15 fuels compared to the diesel oil.Conclusion: The novelty of this paper is assessing the methyl esters from the local WCO as an alternative fuel for diesel engines using a heterogeneous catalyst based on the agricultural waste. The performance of the diesel engines and its exhaust emissions have been experimentally investigated with the produced biodiesel of WCO as a blend (B10, B15, and B20) compared to the diesel.
A case study of the first pregnant women with COVID-19 in Bukavu,&nbsp;Eastern DR Congo
Authors: BIRINDWA ETIENNE KAJIBWAMI , MULUMEODERHWA Guy MULINGANYA , NYAKIO Olivier , MBALE Guy Quesney MATESO , MUSHAMUKA Serge ZIGABE , MATERANYA Jeanne MANINGO , KAHASHA Pierrot MULUMEODERHWA , BISIMWA Yvette KUJIRAKWINJA , KAMPARA Freddy MIRINDI , IRENGE Jules MONGANE , KIBALAMA Isaac BARHISHINDI , LUZADI Pierre KABUYA , MALEMBAKA Espoir BWENGE , MAYERI Daniel GARHALANGWA NA MUNTU , AKONKWA Marius BAGUMA , BALALUKA Ghislain BISIMWA 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Vertical transmission of covid-19 is possible; its risk factors are worth researching. The placental changes found in pregnant women have a definite impact on the foetus.Case presentation: We report a case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2 (2 alive children), with a history of two caesarean deliveries, who was infected by the SARS-Cov-2 during the last term of her pregnancy. She gave birth by caesarean after 34 weeks of gestation to a new-born baby also infected with SARS-Cov-2. The per-operative observations noted several eruptive lesions in the pelvis, bleeding on contact. Microscopic examination of the foetal appendages revealed thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta and in the umbilical cord vessels.Conclusion: This case is one of the first documented cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. We strongly suggest obstetricians to carefully examine the aspect of the peritoneum, viscera and foetal appendages in affected pregnant women.
Genipin and Insulin Combined Treatment Improves Implant&nbsp;Osseointegration in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Wang Ya-nan , Jia Tingting , Huang Haiyun , Zhang Dongjiao , Xu Xin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a harmful effect on the stability and osseointegration of dental implants. T2DM induces mitochondrial damage by inhibiting AMPK signaling, resulting in oxidative stress and poor osteogenesis in the peri-implant bone area. Genipin is a major component of gardenia fruits with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-diabetic actions, and it also can activate mitochondrial quality control via the AMPK pathway. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of genipin and insulin treatment on implant osseointegration in T2DM rats and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received implant surgery in their femurs, and were then assigned to five groups that were subjected to different treatments for three months: control group, T2DM group, insulin-treated T2DM group (10 IU/kg), genipin-treated T2DM group (50 mg/kg), and the genipin and insulin combination-treated T2DM group. Then, we regularly assessed the weight and glucose levels of the animals. Rats were euthanized at three months after the implantation procedure, and the femora were harvested for microscopic computerized tomography analysis, biomechanical tests, and different histomorphometric assessment. Results: The results indicated that the highest blood glucose and oxidative stress levels were measured for the T2DM group, resulting in the poorest osseointegration. The combination-treated T2DM group mitigated hyperglycemia and normalized, reactivated AMPK signaling, and alleviated oxidative stress as well as reversed the negative effect of osseointegration. There were beneficial changes observed in the T2DM-genipin and T2DM-insulin groups, but these were less in comparison to the combination treatment group. Conclusion: Our study suggests that treatment with genipin in combination with insulin could be an effective method for promoting implant osseointegration in T2DM rats, which may be related to AMPK signaling.
Drug Resistance of Pathogens Causing Nosocomial Infection in Orthopedics from 2012 to 2017: A 6-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Yang Xiaowei , Guo Runsheng , Xie Banglin , Lai Qi , Xu Jiaxiang , Hu Niya , Wan Lijun , Dai Min , Zhang Bin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are an emerging global problem that increases in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and cost. We performed a 6-year retrospective study to provide valuable insight into appropriate antibiotic use in HAI cases. We also aimed to understand how hospitals could reduce pathogen drug resistance in a population that overuses antibiotics.Methods: All data (2012–2017) were obtained from the Hospital Information Warehouse and Clinical Microbiology Laboratory.Results: We isolated 1392 pathogen strains from patients admitted to the orthopedics department during 2012–2017. Escherichia coli (14.7%, 204/1392), Enterobacter cloacae (13.9%, 193/1392), and Staphylococcus aureus (11.3%, 157/1392) were the most common pathogens causing nosocomial infections. The dominant Gram-negative bacterium was E. coli, with high resistance to ampicillin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin, in that order. E. coli was least resistant to amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam. The most dominant Gram-positive bacterium was S. aureus, highly resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, but not resistant to fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazole. Analysis of risk factors related to multidrug-resistant bacteria showed that patients with open fractures were significantly more susceptible to methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections (p < 0.05). Additionally, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli infections occurred significantly more often in patients with degenerative diseases (p < 0.05). Elderly patients tended to be more susceptible to multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, but this outcome was not statistically significant.Conclusions:Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem in orthopedics. To effectively control antimicrobial resistance among pathogens, we advocate extensive and dynamic monitoring of MDR bacteria, coupled with careful use of antibiotics.
Continuous use of glycomacropeptide in the nutritional management of patients with phenylketonuria: a clinical perspective
Authors: Pena Maria João , Pinto Alex , de Almeida Manuela Ferreira , Barbosa Catarina de Sousa , Ramos Paula Cristina , Rocha Sara , Guimas Arlindo , Ribeiro Rosa , Martins Esmeralda , Bandeira Anabela , Dias Cláudia Camila , MacDonald Anita , Borges Nuno , Rocha Júlio César 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: In phenylketonuria (PKU), modified casein glycomacropeptide supplements (CGMP-AA) are used as an alternative to the traditional phenylalanine (Phe)-free L-amino acid supplements (L-AA). However, studies focusing on the long-term nutritional status of CGMP-AA are lacking. This retrospective study evaluated the long-term impact of CGMP-AA over a mean of 29 months in 11 patients with a mean age at CGMP-AA onset of 28 years (range 15 to 43) [8 females; 2 hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA), 3 mild PKU, 3 classical PKU and 3 late-diagnosed]. Outcome measures included metabolic control, anthropometry, body composition and biochemical parameters. Results: CGMP-AA, providing 66% of protein substitute intake, was associated with no significant change in blood Phe with CGMP-AA compared with baseline (562 ± 289 µmol/L vs 628 ± 317 µmol/L; p=0.065). In contrast, blood tyrosine significantly increased on CGMP-AA (52.0 ± 19.2 μmol/L vs 61.4 ± 23.8 μmol/L; p=0.027). Conclusions: Biochemical nutritional markers remained unchanged which is an encouraging finding in adults with PKU, many of whom are unable to maintain full adherence with nutritionally fortified protein substitutes. Longitudinal, prospective studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to fully understand the metabolic impact of using CGMP-AA in PKU.
Anti-Inflammatory and Tau Phosphorylation–Inhibitory Effects of Eupatin
Authors: Chou Ching-Hsuan , Hsu Kai-Cheng , Lin Tony Eight , Yang Chia-Ron 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, manifests as increasing memory loss and cognitive decline. Tau phosphorylation and aggregation are strongly linked to neurodegeneration as well as associated with chronic neuroinflammatory processes. The anti-inflammation effects of natural products have led to wide recognition of their potential for use in treating and preventing AD. This study investigated whether eupatin, a polymethoxyflavonoid found in Artemisia species, has inhibitory effects on neuroinflammation and tau phosphorylation. Methods: We treated mouse macrophages and microglia cells with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) to activate inflammatory signals, and we treated neuronal cells with a protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor, okadaic acid (OA), or transfection with pRK5-EGFP-Tau P301L plasmid to induce tau phosphorylation. Results: The results indicated that eupatin significantly reduced the LPS-induced protein expression and phosphorylation of p65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase as well as downstream products interleukin 6 and nitrite, respectively. Furthermore, eupatin markedly inhibited the expression of phospho-tau in response to OA treatment and plasmid transfection. We discovered that this inhibition was achieved through the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3b), and molecular docking results suggested that eupatin can sufficiently bind to the GSK3b active site. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that eupatin has neuroprotective effects, making it suitable for AD treatment.
Reflections on Japan’s G20 Presidency in 2019 and The Lessons for Future Political Commitment to Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Sugai Maaya Kita , Ishizuka Aya , Chiba Mina , Iso Hiroyasu , Katsuma Yasushi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The Group of 20 (G20) Osaka Summit 2019 was a large step forward for global health diplomacy to build consensus on universal health coverage (UHC). To strengthen multi-stakeholder UHC partnership, Japan involved the research and policy advice network for G20 (Think 20: T20), civil society (Civil 20: C20), private initiatives of medical professional groups (H20), and the pharmaceutical sector. We attempted to identify UHC-related issues addressed and left unaddressed at the G20 Osaka, to bring lessons for the G20 Riyadh Leaders’ Summit 2020. Methods: We reviewed the G20 Osaka Leaders’ Declaration, policy-related statements, and voices of the relevant G20 engagement groups and sectors. In 2019 July, after the G20 Osaka Leaders’ Summit, we organized an expert meeting convening Japan-based UHC-related key global health stakeholders. The main findings were presented in form of classifying the voices expressed in the meeting by UHC-related topics, and then definitional ranges of UHC were summarized.Results: The T20, H20, and the pharmaceutical sector noted during our expert meeting that the ministerial-level health -finance collaboration was one of the key agendas suggested at the G20. T20 and C20 called for a recognition of health needs of refugees, migrants and other vulnerable groups in achieving UHC. Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) with a human rights-based approach through UHC was raised by the C20 as an issue unaddressed in G20 Osaka. Variation in operative purposes between global health stakeholders led to a definitional difference in the scope of UHC. Discussion: The definitional difference could delay progress of UHC attainment. Addressing migrant and refugee health and SRHR within the context of UHC is further needed. Understanding perspectives of various stakeholders will become increasingly important to well-coordinate multi-actor cooperation with adequate social responsibility and transparency in UHC achievement and public-private partnership. Conclusions: At the G20 Riyadh, for UHC there is need of 1) ensuring an integrated yet comprehensive multi-stakeholder approach towards UHC; 2) incorporating important dimensions such as the marginalized population and gender; and 3) ensuring adequate investments toward health information systems and governance to track health data for the vulnerable population and gender-responsive financing.
mRNP Granule Proteins Fmrp and Dcp1a Differentially Regulate Muscle Stem Cell Quiescence via Reciprocally Regulating mRNP Complexes
Authors: Roy Nainita , Pillai Malini , Patell-Socha Farah , Sundar Swetha , Ganesh Sravya , Aloysius Ajoy , Rumman Mohammed , Gala Hardik Paresh , Hughes Simon Meredith , Zammit Peter , Dhawan Jyotsna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: During skeletal muscle regeneration, satellite stem cells use distinct pathways to repair damaged myofibers or to self-renew by returning to quiescence. Cellular/mitotic quiescence employs mechanisms that promote a poised or primed state, including altered RNA turnover and translational repression. Here, we investigate the role of mRNP granule proteins Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (Fmrp) and Decapping protein 1a (Dcp1a) in muscle stem cell quiescence and differentiation.Methods: Using isolated single muscle fibers from adult mice, we established differential enrichment of mRNP granule proteins including Fmrp and Dcp1a in muscle stem cells vs. myofibers. We investigated muscle tissue homeostasis in adult Fmr1-/- mice, analyzing myofiber cross-sectional area in vivo and satellite cell proliferation ex vivo. We explored the molecular mechanisms of Dcp1a and Fmrp function in quiescence, proliferation and differentiation in a C2C12 culture model. Here, we used polysome profiling, imaging and RNA/protein expression analysis to establish the abundance and assembly status of mRNP granule proteins in different cellular states, and the phenotype of knockdown cells.Results: Quiescent muscle satellite cells are enriched for puncta containing the translational repressor Fmrp, but not the mRNA decay factor Dcp1a. MuSC isolated from Fmr1-/- mice exhibit defective proliferation and mature myofibers show reduced cross-sectional area, suggesting a role for Fmrp in muscle homeostasis. Expression and organization of Fmrp and Dcp1a varies between different cell states in culture. Consistent with its role as a translational repressor, Fmrp is enriched in non-translating mRNP complexes abundant in quiescent myoblasts; Dcp1a puncta are lost in quiescence, suggesting stabilized and repressed transcripts. The function of each protein differs during proliferation; whereas Fmrp knockdown led to decreased proliferation and lower cyclin expression, Dcp1a knockdown led to increased cell proliferation and higher cyclin expression. However, knockdown of either Fmrp or Dcp1a led to compromised differentiation. We also observed cross-regulation of decay versus storage mRNP granules; knockdown of Fmrp enhances accumulation of Dcp1a puncta, whereas knockdown of Dcp1a leads to increased Fmrp in puncta.Conclusions: Taken together, our results provide evidence that the balance of mRNA turnover versus utilization is specific for distinct cellular states.
Real Deposit Rate and Credit Supply Nexus in ECOWAS Evidence From DCCE-MG and PMG Techniques
Authors: ADELEYE Bosede Ngozi , ADUSEI Michael , OLOHUNLANA Olayinka , AKINYEMI-BABAJIDE Opeyemi , SANAKARAN Arumugam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study interrogates the McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis that artificial depression of the real deposit interest rate depresses the supply of credit by banks. The sample coverage from 1980 to 2015 consists of ten members of the Economic Community of West African States made up of Communauté Financière d'Afrique (CFA) and non-CFA countries. This two groups have very different monetary structures. Engaging the dynamic common correlated effects-mean group (DCCE-MG) and pooled mean group (PMG) techniques, findings validate the hypothesis as the real deposit rate exhibits a positive and long-run impact on credit supply. Monotonic impact is not sustained. These outcomes are corroborated with robustness checks from the respective sub-samples though country-level results are mixed. Similarly, causality test shows that the real deposit rate Granger-causes credit supply in the long-run. Overall, the findings support the McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis that interest rate is an essential ingredient in the intermediation role of the financial system.
Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Video Angiography (ICG–VA) with FLOW 800 Software in Complex Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery
Authors: Xue Tao , Deng Ruming , Gao Bixi , Wang Zilan , Ma Chao , You Wanchun , Zhu Yun , Chen Zhouqing , Wang Zhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Indocyanine green video angiography (ICG–VA) is a safe and effective instrument to assess changes in cerebral blood flow during cerebrovascular surgery. After ICG-VA, FLOW 800 provides a color-coded map to directly observe the dynamic distribution of blood flow and to calculate semiquantitative blood flow parameters later. The purpose of our study is to assess whether FLOW 800 is useful for surgery of complex intracranial aneurysms and to provide reliable evidence for intraoperative decision making.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with complex aneurysms that underwent microsurgical and intraoperative evaluation of ICG-VA and FLOW 800 color-coded maps from February 2019 to May 2020. FLOW 800 data were correlated with patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, and intraoperative decision-making.Results: The study included 32 patients with 42 complex aneurysms. All patients underwent ICG-VA FLOW 800 data provided semiquantitative data regarding localization, flow status in major feeding arteries; color maps confirmed relative adequate flow in parent, branching and bypass vessels. Conclusions: FLOW 800 is a useful supplement to ICG-VA for intraoperative cerebral blood flow assessment. ICG-VA and FLOW 800 can help to determine the blood flow status of the parent artery after aneurysm clipping and the bypass vessels after aneurysm bypass surgery.
Prevalence And Factors Associated With Depression Among Adults With Sickle Cell Disease at Mulago Hospital, Uganda: a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mubangizi Ivan , Nakimuli-Mpungu Etheldreda , Kawooya Ismael , Sekaggya-wiltshire Christine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND

Depression among patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is under diagnosed and undertreated due to the overlap of symptoms and signs of SCD and depression. The study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression among adults attending the SCD out-patient clinic in Mulago Hospital, Uganda.
METHODS

This was a cross sectional study in which 255 adults with SCD were enrolled. Participants were evaluated for depression using the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and a score of 6 was considered diagnostic of depression. Demographic data was collected with a pre-tested study questionnaire. Perceived social support was measured using the 12-item multidimensional social support scale and, self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Blood samples were taken to obtain a complete blood count. Modified poisson regression analyses were used to determine associations of depression.
RESULTS

The prevalence of depression was 68.2% (95% C.I; 62–74) with a median age of 21 years. The factors independently associated with depression were pain crisis in the last month (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04–1.07, p = 0.001), history of a hospital admission in the past 6 months (PR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, p = 0.012), formal education (PR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.59–0.97, P = 0.008) and a low social support rating (PR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53–0.84, P = 0.0019)
CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of depression in adults with SCD is high with up to two thirds of patients having some form of depression. The major risk factors were low level of education, low social support, pain crises in the past month and hospital admissions in the last 6 months.
Feasibility of Delivering Parent-Implemented NDBI Interventions in Low Resource Regions:&nbsp;A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Rogers Sally J , Stahmer Aubyn , Talbott Meagan , Young Gregory , Fuller Elizabeth , Pellecchia Melanie , Barber Angela , Griffith Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This implementation feasibility study was conducted to determine whether an evidence-based parent -implemented distance-learning intervention model for young children at high likelihood of having ASD could be implemented at fidelity by Part C community providers and by parents in low resource communities.Methods: The study used a community academic partnership model to adapt an evidence-based intervention tested in the current pilot trial involving randomization by agency in four states and enrollment of 35 coaches and 34 parent-family dyads. After baseline data were gathered, providers in the experimental group received up to 12 hours of training while control providers received six webinars on early development. Six months of intervention with children-families then followed, concluding with data collection. Regression analyses were used to model outcomes of the coach behaviors, the parent fidelity ratings, and child outcomes.Results: A block design model-building approach was used to test the null model followed by the inclusion of group as a predictor, and finally the inclusion of the planned covariates. Model fit was examined using changes in R2 and F-statistic. As hypothesized, results demonstrated significant gains in (1) experimental provider fidelity of implementation compared to the control group; and (2) experimental parent fidelity of implementation compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between groups in child developmental scores. Conclusions: Even though the experimental parent group averaged less than 30 minutes weekly with providers in the 6 months, both providers and parents demonstrated statistically significant gains with moderate effect sizes compared to control groups. Since child changes in parent mediated models are dependent upon the parents’ ability to deliver the intervention, and since parent delivery is dependent upon providers who are coaching the parents, these results demonstrated that two of these three links of the chain were positively affected by the experimental implementation model. However, lack of significant differences in child group gains suggests that further work is needed on this model. Factors to consider include amount of contact with the provider, amount of practice children experience, amount of contact both providers and parents spend on training materials, and motivational strategies for parents, among others. Trial registration: Registry of Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies: #4360, registered 1xx, October, 2020 – Retrospectively registered, http://