bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to longer length of stay in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children hospitalised for burn injury
Authors: Ryder Courtney , Mackean Tamara , Hunter Kate , Towers Kurt , Rogers Kris , Holland Andrew J. A. , Ivers Rebecca 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children have higher incidence, severity and hospital length of stay for their acute burn injuries than other Australian children. We examined factors contributing to longer length of stay for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with an acute burn injury.

Methods
Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand admissions of children < 16 years of age between October 2009 and July 2018 were analysed. Descriptive statistics explored patient and injury characteristics; Cox-regression models estimated characteristics associated with longer length of stay. Knowledge Interface methodology and Indigenous research methods were used throughout.

Results
A total of 723 children were identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and 6257 as other Australian. The median hospital length of stay for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children (5 days [CI 5–6]) was 4 days longer than other Australian children (1 day [CI 1–2]). Remoteness, flame burns, high percentage total body surface area (%TBSA) and full thickness burns were factors associated with longer length of stay for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Similar prognostic factors were identified for other Australian children along with Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. infection.

Conclusion
Remoteness, flame burns, %TBSA, and full thickness burns are prognostic factors contributing to extended hospital length of stay for all Australian children. These factors are more prevalent in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, impacting length of stay. Treatment programs, clinical guidelines, and burns policies should engage with the unique circumstances of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children to mitigate inequities in health.
Infant and child health status ahead of implementation of an integrated intervention to improve nutrition and survival: a cross-sectional baseline assessment
Authors: Odjidja Emmanuel Nene , Hakizimana Sonia , Gatasi Ghislaine , Masabo Jean-Berchmans , Irakoze Gildas , Muzungu Heritier , Murorunkwere Honorine , Ngabirano Leila Raissa , Elkasabi Mahmoud , De Courten Barbora 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Burundi has one of the poorest child health outcomes in the world. With an acute malnutrition rate of 5% and a chronic malnutrition rate of 56%, under five death is 78 per 1000 live births and 47 children for every 1000 children will live until their first birthday. In response to this grim statistics, Village Health Works, a Burundian-American organisation has invested in an integrated clinical and community intervention model to improve child health outcomes. The aim of this study is to measure and report on child health indicator ahead of implementing this model.

Methods
A cross sectional design was employed, adopting the Demographic Health Survey methodology. We reached out to a sample of 952 households comprising of 2675 birth, in our study area. Mortality data was analysed with R package for mortality computation and other outcomes using SPSS. Principal component analysis was used to classify households into wealth quintiles. Logistic regression was used to assess strength of associations and significance of association was considered at 95% confidence level.

Results
The incidence of low birth weight (LBW) was 6.4% at the study area compared to 10% at the national level with the strongest predictor being malnourished women (OR 1.4 95%CI 1.2–7.2 p = 0.043). Fever incidence was higher in the study area (50.5%) in comparison to 39.5% nationally. Consumption of minimum acceptable diet was showed a significant protection against fever (OR 0.64 95%CI 0.41–0.94 p = 0.042). Global Acute Malnutrition rate was 7.6% and this significantly reduced with increasing age of child. Under-five mortality rate was 32.1 per 1000 live births and infant mortality was 25.7 per 1000 in the catchment with most deaths happening within the first 28 days of life (57.3%).

Conclusion
Improving child health status is complex, therefore, investing into an integrated intervention for both mother and child could yield best results. Given that most under-five deaths occurred in the neonatal period, implementing integrated clinical and community newborn care interventions are critical.
Cost-benefit analysis of trading strategies in the stock index futures market
Authors: Xiong Xiong , Cui Yian , Yan Xiaocong , Liu Jun , He Shaoyi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the introduction of many derivatives into the capital market, including stock index futures, the trading strategies in financial markets have been gradually enriched. However, there is still no theoretical model that can determine whether these strategies are effective, what the risks are, and how costly the strategies are. We built an agent-based cross-market platform that includes five stocks and one stock index future, and constructed an evaluation system for stock index futures trading strategies. The evaluation system includes four dimensions: effectiveness, risk, occupation of capital, and impact cost. The results show that the informed strategy performs well in all aspects. The risk of the technical strategy is relatively higher than that of the other strategies. Moreover, occupation of capital and impact cost are both higher for the arbitrage strategy. Finally, the wealth of noise traders is almost lost.
An experience of subglottic airway foreign body removal in a patient under tracheal intubation: a case report
Authors: Tanaka Shiori , Yoshida Keisuke , Muramatsu Kenichi , Yamagishi Shigeki , Obara Shinju , Watanabe Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Removal of an airway foreign body is challenging to anesthesiologists. We report successful removal of an extremely rare foreign body between a tracheal tube and the trachea in patients under tracheal intubation.

Case presentation
A 57-year-old male received total aortic arch replacement and postoperative mechanical ventilation. An airway foreign body was detected just below the glottis, outside the tracheal tube during mechanical ventilation after surgery in the intensive care unit. Before the removal procedure, we planned multiple strategies to cope with unexpected airway and breathing troubles. As a result, the foreign body was successfully removed orally by using a bronchial fiber, without extubation of the tracheal tube, under general anesthesia with dexmedetomidine and ketamine.

Conclusions
We reported the successful removal of a foreign body in the subglottic airway of a patient under tracheal intubation.
Management of cesarean section in a patient with Fontan circulation: a case report of dramatic reduction of maternal oxygen consumption after delivery
Authors: Saito Kazutomo , Toyama Hiroaki , Okamoto Atsushi , Yamauchi Masanori 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The anesthetic management of cesarean sections in Fontan-palliated parturients requires strict hemodynamic control. However, patient management with central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) has never been reported.

Case presentation
A 30-year-old woman, who had received a total cavopulmonary connection for tricuspid atresia, was planned to undergo cesarean section at 38 weeks’ gestation. During combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, ScvO2 in addition to arterial pressure-based cardiac output (APCO) and central venous pressure (CVP) was monitored, and the change of VO2 was evaluated. After delivery, her APCO was almost unchanged. However, her ScvO2 increased dramatically from 42.1 to 67.3% and her CVP increased from 9 to 11 mm Hg. The calculated mean maternal VO2 changed from 443 to 295 mL/min.

Conclusions
In a cesarean section for a Fontan-palliated parturient, ScvO2 dramatically increased and maternal VO2 decreased by more than 25% after delivery.
Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Shoar Saeed , Musher Daniel M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has evolved since the beginning of the antibiotic era. Recent guidelines encourage immediate empiric antibiotic treatment once a diagnosis of CAP is made. Concerns about treatment recommendations, on the one hand, and antibiotic stewardship, on the other, motivated this review of the medical literature on the etiology of CAP.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review of English-language literature on the etiology of CAP using methods defined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched PubMed using a combination of the keywords ‘pneumonia’, ‘CAP’, ‘etiology’, ‘microbiology’, ‘bacteriology’, and ‘pathogen’. We examined articles on antibiotics that were develop to treat pneumonia. We reviewed all ‘related articles’ as well as studies referenced by those that came up in the search. After we excluded articles that did not give sufficient microbiological data or failed to meet other predetermined criteria, 146 studies remained. Data were stratified into diagnostic categories according to the microbiologic studies that were done; results are presented as the percentage in each category of all cases in which an etiology was established.

Results
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common cause of CAP although declining in incidence; this decline has been greater in the US than elsewhere. Haemophilus influenzae is the second most common cause of CAP, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacilli. The incidence of all bacteria as causes of CAP has declined because, with routine use of PCR for viruses, the denominator, cases with an established etiology, has increased. Viruses were reported on average in about 10% of cases, but recent PCR-based studies identified a respiratory virus in about 30% of cases of CAP, with substantial rates of viral/bacterial coinfection.

Conclusion
The results of this study justify current guidelines for initial empiric treatment of CAP. With pneumococcus and Haemophilus continuing to predominate, efforts at antibiotic stewardship might be enhanced by greater attention to the routine use of sputum Gram stain and culture. Because viral/bacterial coinfection is relatively common, the identification of a virus by PCR does not, by itself, allow for discontinuation of the antibiotic therapy.
Quality control of the traditional herbs and herbal products: a review
Authors: Balekundri Amruta , Mannur Vinodhkumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHerbal medicinal material and product need is increasing, and with this increase in the need, it is very much an essential requirement to maintain the quality of them.Main bodyThe quality of the herbals is altered by various physical, chemical, and geographical aspects which contribute to the quality of these materials. Apart from that, adulteration is also an increasing concern when it comes to herbal material quality. Various chemical and phytochemical test, analytical techniques, and hyphenated analytical techniques are used for determining the quality aspects of the herbal materials in the herbal pharmaceuticals.ConclusionThese techniques can be used as quality control tool in assessing the quality of herbal materials and herbal pharmaceuticals.
Method for obtaining response functions from noisy magnetotelluric data using frequency-domain independent component analysis
Authors: Sato Shinya , Goto Tada-Nori , Kasaya Takafumi , Ichihara Hiroshi 
Published: October 2020

The magnetotelluric (MT) method has been used for visualizing subsurface resistivity structures and more recently for monitoring resistivity changes. However, electromagnetic data often include cultural noise, which can cause errors in the estimation of MT response functions and subsurface resistivity structure analysis. Frequency-domain independent component analysis (FDICA) offers advantages for MT data processing particularly because this method can extract hidden components in the observed data. These components can be decomposed into natural MT signals and cultural noise so that the noise effect in the recovered MT data is reduced. FDICA is applied to MT data acquired at the Kakioka Magnetic Observatory in Japan. The apparent resistivity and phase curves are obtained with small estimated errors between periods of 7 and 12,000 s, although the length of the time-series data is limited. The curves are smoother than those obtained using a conventional method. Various types of synthetic noise are added to the time series at Kakioka to test the noise-reduction performance of FDICA for MT data with high noise contamination. The results demonstrate that FDICA can be used to estimate MT response functions with high accuracy even under conditions in which more than half of the time-series data are contaminated by noise.
Two-dimensional determinant inversion of marine magnetotelluric data and a field example from the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Wang Shunguo , Constable Steven , Reyes-Ortega Valeria , Jahandari Hormoz , Farquharson Colin , Avilés Esquivel Thalia 
Published: October 2020

Two-dimensional marine magnetotelluric (MT) observations are useful for offshore geologic studies, such as natural resource exploration, fault mapping, fluid estimation at subduction zones, and the delineation of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary beneath the seafloor. Earth structures are often assumed to be two dimensional, which allows MT data to be decomposed into a transverse electric (TE) mode and a transverse magnetic (TM) mode. The 2D assumption can effectively reduce acquisition and computational costs. However, offline 3D effects and other problems such as lack/failure of the compass on instruments are often encountered, making it difficult to decompose data into the TE and TM modes. In these cases, 2D inversion may be misleading or may not provide an acceptable misfit to the marine MT observations. Thus, we have developed a 2D determinant inversion to the marine MT method to mitigate these difficulties, implemented in the MARE2DEM code, and we tested its utility using synthetic examples and a field example. In the synthetic examples, the determinant inversion demonstrates an ability to overcome 3D effects caused by 3D anomalies and bathymetry. With confidence from the synthetic tests, we interpreted real data acquired in the Gulf of California, Mexico, where not only is the bathymetry 3D in nature, but the external compasses failed to record the orientation. The field data can not only be fit to a reasonable misfit with a determinant inversion, but the resolved conductive zones also have a good correlation with known faults. A comparison between the resistivity model from the field data and a seismic reflection section shows that a previously interpreted fault, the Wagner Fault, should be shifted 5 km toward the southwest and made slightly steeper. Thus, the implementation of the determinant inversion may provide a new approach for using problematic 2D data.
Effective and efficient approaches for calculating seismic ray velocity and attenuation in viscoelastic anisotropic media
Authors: Wu Jianlu , Zhou Bing , Li Xingwang , Bouzidi Youcef 
Published: October 2020

In viscoelastic anisotropic media, the elastic moduli, slowness vector, phase, and ray velocity are all complex-valued quantities in the frequency domain. Solving the complex eikonal equation becomes computationally complex and time-consuming. We have developed two approximate methods to effectively calculate the ray velocity vector, attenuation, and quality factor in viscoelastic transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI) and in orthorhombic (ORT) anisotropy. The first method is based on the perturbation theory (PER) under the assumption of a homogeneous complex ray vector, which is obtained by applying the elastic background and viscoelastic perturbations to the real and imaginary components of the modulus tensor, respectively. The perturbations of the slowness vectors of the three wave modes (qP, qSV, and qSH) are determined through the vanishing Hamiltonian function. The second method is derived by applying a real slowness direction (RSD) to the inhomogeneous complex slowness vector and then approximately calculating the complex ray velocity vector with the condition of the homogeneous complex vector. The numerical results verify that the two approaches can produce accurate ray velocity vector, attenuation, and quality factors of the qP-wave in viscoelastic VTI and ORT media. The RSD method can yield high accuracies of ray velocity for the qSV- and qSH-wave in viscoelastic VTI models even at triplication of the qSV wavefronts, as well as qS1 and qS2 in a weak ORT medium ([Formula: see text] > 20), except for near the cusp of the qS1 wavefronts (errors approximately 6%) where the PER has more than 10% error.
Crustal structure and basement-cover relationship in the Dangerous Grounds, offshore North-West Borneo, from 3D joint CSEM and MT imaging
Authors: Karpiah Arvin Boutik , Meju Maxwell Azuka , Miller Roger Vernon , Legrand Xavier , Das Prabal Shankar , Musafarudin Raja Natasha Bt Raja 
Published: October 2020

Accurate mapping of crustal thickness variations and the boundary relationships between sedimentary cover rocks and the crystalline basement is very important for heat-flow prediction and petroleum system modeling of a basin. Using legacy industry 3D data sets, we investigated the potential of 3D joint inversion of marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) and magnetotelluric (MT) data incorporating resistivity anisotropy to map these parameters across subbasins in the Dangerous Grounds in the southwestern rifted margin of the South China Sea, where limited previous seismic and potential field basement interpretations are available for comparison. We have reconstructed 3D horizontal and vertical resistivity models from the seabed down to [Formula: see text] depth for a [Formula: see text] area. The resistivity-versus-depth profile extracted from our 3D joint inversion models satisfactorily matched the resistivity and lithologic well logs at a wildcat exploration well location chosen for model validation. We found that the maximum resistivity gradients in the computed first derivative of the 3D resistivity volumes predict a depth to basement that matches the acoustic basement. The models predict the presence of 2 to approximately 5 km thick electrically conductive ([Formula: see text]) sedimentary cover atop an electrically resistive ([Formula: see text]) crystalline crust that is underlain by an electrically conductive ([Formula: see text]) upper mantle at depths that vary laterally from approximately 25 to 30 km below sea level in our study area. Our resistivity variation with depth is found to be remarkably consistent with the density distribution at Moho depth from recent independent 3D gravity/gradiometry inversion studies in this region. We suggest that 3D joint inversion of CSEM-MT, seismic, and potential field data is the way forward for understanding the deep structure of such rifted margins.
Long-term outcomes of females with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: increased risk for self-harm
Authors: O'Grady Sinclaire M. , Hinshaw Stephen P. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryAlthough long-term outcomes of girls with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are understudied, high risk for adolescent and young-adult self-harm is salient. We present data on predictors and mediators of such risk, highlighting a recent dual-process model involving trait impulsivity plus family- and peer-related contributors. We conclude with recommendations for assessment and preventive intervention.
Formalising Mathematics – in Praxis; A Mathematician’s First Experiences with Isabelle/HOL and the Why and How of Getting Started
Authors: Koutsoukou-Argyraki Angeliki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis is an account of a mathematician’s first experiences with the proof assistant (interactive theorem prover) Isabelle/HOL, including a discussion on the rationale behind formalising mathematics and the choice of Isabelle/HOL in particular, some instructions for new users, some technical and conceptual observations focussing on some of the first difficulties encountered, and some thoughts on the use and potential of proof assistants for mathematics.
Il ridicolo in Platone
Authors: Casertano Giovanni 
Published: October 2020

Cos’è che muove al riso? O al sorriso, perché in effetti il verbo γελάω ha ambedue i significati? Perché si rida, o si sorrida, c’è bisogno che ci si trovi insieme ad altri, e coinvolti in una certa situazione che ad un certo punto fa scattare in noi quel tipo di reazione. Questa nota vuol essere un abbozzo di ricerca sulle varie situazioni in cui si ride o si sorride nei dialoghi di Platone. C’è un ridicolo che sorge nell’ambito di una discussione, quando gli interlocutori parlano ognuno per conto suo, senza tener conto di ciò che dice l’altro (p.e. Eutidemo, Gorgia); c’è un ridicolo che sorge involontariamente da una battuta o da un’osservazione di uno degli interlocutori (p.e. Fedro, Fedone); c'è un ridicolo, per così dire soggettivo, che sorge da alcune domande, di Socrate o di un altro interlocutore (p.e. Fedro, Menone, Liside, Protagora); e poi c’è un ridicolo, per così dire oggettivo, che sorge da comportamenti e situazioni particolari (p.e. Repubblica, Simposio). E infine, ci sono interessanti accenni alla natura stessa del ridicolo e alla liceità del suo uso, nelle commedie o negli incontri tra gli uomini (p.e. Filebo, Leggi).
Evaluation of the role of lie in daily life and Turkish tale type Keloğlan/The Bald-boy in the frame of Other-directedness schema domain
Authors: Demren Özlem , Köse Karaca Bahar , Demren Çağdaş 
Published: October 2020

Tales as an oral narratives gives us some ideas about the perceptions and attitudes of the people in a society. In this paper, we try to get your attention to the Keloğlan as a Turkish tale type who gives us some ideas about the psychological motivations and perceptions in Turkish culture. The Turkish tale hero Keloğlan is a timeless/fitting all-time character who gives clues for today with his personality from past narratives to the present. In fact, fairy tales set boundaries and offer acceptable models. Actually Keloğlan isn’t really an ideal type but at the end of the tales, we come across with him as a type of winner. He always behaves against obstacles and inequity and he returns an ideal type. Lie is seen as a sympathetic trick in the Keloğlan tales. Keloğlan's lies and tricks are ignored by the society to the extent that he opposes injustice. Based on the Schema theory, we can say that the “other-directedness” schema domain is used in the tales of Keloğlan frequently, but in a way, related with lie. Keloğlan uses lie or manupilation for the reason of “approval seeking”, but as a way of defence against to the “self-subjugation” and “self-sacrifice”. In a sense, Keloğlan, as a Turkish tale type, shows us another aspect of society's approval mechanism.