bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically Ill COVID‐19 patients and predictors of mortality
Authors: Zayat Rashad , Kalverkamp Sebastian , Grottke Oliver , Durak Koray , Dreher Michael , Autschbach Rüdiger , Marx Gernot , Marx Nikolaus , Spillner Jan , Kersten Alex 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the management of critically ill COVID‐19 patients remains unclear. Our study aims to analyze the outcomes and risk factors from patients treated with ECMO. This retrospective, single‐center study includes 17 COVID‐19 patients treated with ECMO. Univariate and multivariate parametric survival regression identified predictors of survival. Nine patients (53%) were successfully weaned from ECMO and discharged. The incidence of in‐hospital mortality was 47%. In a univariate analysis, only four out of 83 pre‐ECMO variables were significantly different; IL‐6, PCT, and NT‐proBNP were significantly higher in non‐survivors than in survivors. The Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction (RESP) score was significantly higher in survivors. After a multivariate parametric survival regression, IL‐6, NT‐proBNP and RESP scores remained significant independent predictors, with hazard ratios (HR) of 1.069 [95%‐CI: 0.986‐1.160], P = .016 1.001 [95%‐CI: 1.000‐1.001], P = .012; and .843 [95%‐CI: 0.564‐1.260], P = .040, respectively. A prediction model comprising IL‐6, NT‐proBNP, and RESP score showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and 77.8% specificity compared to an AUC of 0.79 for the RESP score alone. The present study suggests that ECMO is a potentially lifesaving treatment for selected critically ill COVID‐19 patients. Considering IL‐6 and NT‐pro‐BNP, in addition to the RESP score, may enhance outcome predictions.
Child‐level factors affecting rate of learning to write in first grade
Authors: Torrance Mark , Arrimada María , Gardner Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWritten composition requires handwriting, spelling, and text planning skills, all largely learned through school instruction. Students’ rate of learning to compose text in their first months at school will depend, in part, on their literacy‐related abilities at school start. These effects have not previously been explored.AimWe aimed to establish the effects of various literacy‐related abilities on the learning trajectory of first‐grade students as they are taught to write.Sample179 Spanish first‐grade students (94 female, mean age 6.1 years) writing 3,512 texts.MethodStudents were assessed at start of school for spelling, transcription fluency, letter knowledge, phonological awareness, handwriting accuracy, word reading, and non‐verbal reasoning. They were then taught under a curriculum that included researcher‐designed instruction in handwriting, spelling, and ideation. Students’ composition performance was probed at very regular intervals over their first 13 weeks at school.ResultsControlling for age, overall performance was predicted by spelling, transcription fluency, handwriting accuracy, word reading, and non‐verbal reasoning. Most students showed rapid initial improvement, but then much slower learning. Weak spellers (and to a lesser extent less fluent hand‐writers) showed weaker initial performance, but then steady improvement across the study period.ConclusionTranscription ability at school entry affects response to writing instruction.
Retrospective coding of health care professional cancer screening behaviours and of real‐world interventions designed to support them: Identifying recommendations to optimize intervention design
Authors: Hanbury Andria , Sallis Anna , Chadborn Tim , Arber Mick , Sanderson Alice , Durlik Caroline , Wood Hannah 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesScreening can detect cancer earlier. Uptake of breast, cervical, and bowel cancer screening in England is below 75%. This study identifies the barriers and facilitators underpinning HCP screening behaviours which can support screening uptake, and reviews the design of real‐world interventions targeting these, assessing for congruence between the two. The aim was to provide recommendations to improve the design of interventions.Design and methodsBarriers/facilitators were identified by a literature review and qualitatively coded using the theoretical domains framework (TDF). Interventions were identified by stakeholders and coded using the behaviour change wheel and the taxonomy of behaviour change techniques. Congruence was assessed through comparing the intervention designs with behavioural science experts’ recommendations which link the TDF domains to intervention design. Recommendations targeted missed opportunities.ResultsBarriers/facilitators were extracted from 60 papers and most frequently coded to the TDF domains: environmental context and resources, knowledge and beliefs about consequences. Thirty‐one interventions were identified, most frequently education, training or enablement functions, delivered via communication/marketing or service provision, and using BCTs designed to shape knowledge or highlight the consequences of or antecedents to screening. Intervention design was largely congruent with recommendations. However, there was less use of persuasion and modelling intervention functions and a reliance on BCTs such as providing instruction when other BCTs could be considered.ConclusionsRecommendations include to consider a broader range of intervention functions and BCTs, particularly for training interventions which should make use of recommended BCTs such as ‘graded tasks’.
Multigene model for predicting metastatic prostate cancer using circulating tumor cells by microfluidic magnetophoresis
Authors: Cho Hyungseok , Chung Jae Il , Kim Jinho , Seo Won Ik , Lee Chan Ho , Morgan Todd M. , Byun Seok‐Soo , Chung Jae‐Seung , Han Ki‐Ho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe aimed to isolate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using a microfluidic technique with a novel lateral magnetophoretic microseparator. Prostate cancer–specific gene expressions were evaluated using mRNA from the isolated CTCs. A CTC‐based multigene model was then developed for identifying advanced prostate cancer. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from five healthy donors and patients with localized prostate cancer (26 cases), metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC, 10 cases), and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC, 28 cases). CTC recovery rate and purity (enriched CTCs/total cells) were evaluated according to cancer stage. The areas under the curves of the six gene expressions were used to evaluate whether multigene models could identify mHSPC or mCRPC. The number of CTCs and their purity increased at more advanced cancer stages. In mHSPC/mCRPC cases, the specimens had an average of 27.5 CTCs/mL blood, which was 4.2 × higher than the isolation rate for localized disease. The CTC purity increased from 2.1% for localized disease to 3.8% for mHSPC and 6.7% for mCRPC, with increased CTC expression of the genes encoding prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and cytokeratin 19 (KRT19). All disease stages exhibited expression of the genes encoding androgen receptor (AR) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), although expression of the AR‐V7 variant was relatively rare. Relative to each gene alone, the multigene model had better accuracy for predicting advanced prostate cancer. Our lateral magnetophoretic microseparator can be used for identifying prostate cancer biomarkers. In addition, CTC‐based genetic signatures may guide the early diagnosis of advanced prostate cancer.
FAM96A knock-out promotes alternative macrophage polarization and protects mice against sepsis
Authors: Yin A , Chen W , Cao L , Li Q , Zhu X , Wang L 
Published: November 2020

Summary
Sepsis is an intractable clinical syndrome characterized by organ dysfunction when the body over-responds to an infection. Sepsis has a high fatality rate and lacks effective treatment. Family with sequence similarity 96 member A (FAM96A) is an evolutionarily conserved protein with high expression in the immune system and is related to cytosolic iron assembly and tumour suppression; however, research has been rarely conducted on its immune functions. Our study found that Fam96a−/− mice significantly resisted lesions during sepsis simulated by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or endotoxicosis models. After a challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or infection, Fam96a−/− mice exhibited less organ damage, longer survival and better bacterial clearance with decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. While screening several subsets of immune cells, FAM96A-expressing macrophages as the key cell type inhibited sepsis development. In-vivo macrophage depletion or adoptive transfer experiments abrogated significant differences in the survival of sepsis between Fam96a−/− and wild-type mice. Results of the bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) polarization experiment indicated that FAM96A deficiency promotes the transformation of uncommitted monocytes/macrophages (M0) into M2 macrophages, secreting fewer proinflammatory cytokines. FAM96A may mediate an immunometabolism shift – from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis – in macrophages during sepsis, mirrored by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucose uptake. These data demonstrate that FAM96A regulates inflammatory response and provide a novel genomic insight for sepsis treatment.
Making Procedural Water Waves Boundary‐aware
Authors: Jeschke S. , Hafner C. , Chentanez N. , Macklin M. , Müller‐Fischer M. , Wojtan C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe “procedural” approach to animating ocean waves is the dominant algorithm for animating larger bodies of water in interactive applications as well as in off‐line productions — it provides high visual quality with a low computational demand. In this paper, we widen the applicability of procedural water wave animation with an extension that guarantees the satisfaction of boundary conditions imposed by terrain while still approximating physical wave behavior. In combination with a particle system that models wave breaking, foam, and spray, this allows us to naturally model waves interacting with beaches and rocks. Our system is able to animate waves at large scales at interactive frame rates on a commodity PC.
Intuitive Facial Animation Editing Based On A Generative RNN Framework
Authors: Berson Eloïse , Soladié Catherine , Stoiber Nicolas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor the last decades, the concern of producing convincing facial animation has garnered great interest, that has only been accelerating with the recent explosion of 3D content in both entertainment and professional activities. The use of motion capture and retargeting has arguably become the dominant solution to address this demand. Yet, despite high level of quality and automation performance‐based animation pipelines still require manual cleaning and editing to refine raw results, which is a time‐ and skill‐demanding process. In this paper, we look to leverage machine learning to make facial animation editing faster and more accessible to non‐experts. Inspired by recent image inpainting methods, we design a generative recurrent neural network that generates realistic motion into designated segments of an existing facial animation, optionally following user‐provided guiding constraints. Our system handles different supervised or unsupervised editing scenarios such as motion filling during occlusions, expression corrections, semantic content modifications, and noise filtering. We demonstrate the usability of our system on several animation editing use cases.
Intravascular ultrasound for cardiac allograft vasculopathy detection
Authors: Mendiz Oscar A. , Gamboa Paul , Renedo María F. , Lev Gustavo A. , Favaloro Liliana E. , Bertolotti Alejandro M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) after heart transplantation is a fibro‐proliferative process affecting coronary arteries of the graft in up to 46.8% of the cases during the first 10 years post‐transplantation. It is one of the main causes of graft loss and death. Due to graft denervation, CAV causing ischemia is usually clinically silent until the disease is far advanced. In this study, we compared coronary angiography with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for CAV detection.OutcomesA total of 114 patients with HTx who underwent coronary angiography and IVUS between March 2018 and March 2019 were included. Mean follow‐up was 87 ± 61 month. Lesions documented by coronary angiography were found in only 27 (24%) of the 114 patients. IVUS revealed ISHLT CAV 0 in 87 patients (76.3%); ISHLT CAV1 in 15 (13,1%) and ISHLT CAV2 and CAV3 in 6 patients (5.2%) each. Among 328 IVUS images, maximum intimal thickness (MIT) >0.5 mm was obtained in 60 vessels (52%) with 24 patients having three‐vessel and 19 two‐vessel involvement.ConclusionAs an adjunct to conventional coronary angiography to detect angiographically silent CAV in heart transplant patients, IVUS is a reliable and safe technique with a low complication rate. Large multicenter studies are necessary to confirm these findings and the potential long‐term clinical impact of early detection in clinically and angiographically silent phase.
A single‐dose euglycaemic clamp study in two cohorts to compare the exposure of SAR341402 (insulin aspart) Mix 70/30 with US‐ and European‐approved versions of insulin aspart Mix 70/30 and SAR341402 rapid‐acting solution in subjects with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Kapitza Christoph , Nosek Leszek , Schmider Wolfgang , Teichert Lenore , Mukherjee Bhaswati , Nowotny Irene 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the pharmacokinetic exposure of SAR341402 Mix 70/30 (SARAsp‐Mix) with US‐ and European (EU)‐approved versions of insulin aspart Mix 70/30 (NovoLog Mix 70/30 [NN‐Mix‐US]/NovoMix 30 [NN‐Mix‐EU]) and SAR341402 insulin aspart solution (SAR‐Asp) in subjects with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, crossover trial in two cohorts. Fifty‐two subjects received a single subcutaneous 0.3 U/kg dose of each treatment and underwent a euglycaemic clamp procedure lasting for a maximum of 24 hours after dosing. In cohort 1, subjects (N = 36) were exposed once each to SARAsp‐Mix, NN‐Mix‐US and NN‐Mix‐EU. In cohort 2, subjects (N = 16) were exposed once each to SARAsp‐Mix and SAR‐Asp.ResultsOf the 52 subjects randomized, 48 completed all treatment periods. In cohort 1, the extent of exposure (total and maximum concentration) was similar among the three treatments, with the 90% confidence intervals for pairwise treatment ratios meeting the predefined acceptance range (0.80 to 1.25). In cohort 2, statistically significant differences (P < .001) in early (0‐4 hours) and intermediate (4‐12 hours) exposure to SARAsp‐Mix compared with SAR‐Asp were observed, all exceeding a 20% difference. Pharmacodynamic results were in support of the pharmacokinetic findings for both cohorts. All treatments were well tolerated and there were no relevant differences in safety variables among treatments.ConclusionsSARAsp‐Mix showed similar pharmacokinetic exposure to commercially available insulin aspart Mix 70/30 formulations, and a distinct exposure profile compared with SAR‐Asp.
How many people with type 2 diabetes fulfil the eligibility criteria for randomized, controlled trials of insulin glargine 300 U/mL in a real‐world setting?
Authors: Mauricio Dídac , Westerbacka Jukka , Nicholls Charlie , Wu Jasmanda , Gupta Rishab , Eliasson Björn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRandomized controlled trial (RCT) populations often do not reflect those typically seen in clinical practice. This retrospective, observational cohort study analysed the real‐world data of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) prescribed basal insulin analogues from electronic medical records (EMRs) in the Explorys database, which includes data from 39 integrated healthcare systems in the United States, to determine how representative selected RCTs investigating insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300) are of T2DM populations in a real‐world setting. Applying eligibility criteria derived from the EDITION 1, 2 and 3 (Gla‐300 vs. insulin glargine 100 U/mL [Gla‐100]) and BRIGHT (Gla‐300 vs. insulin degludec) RCTs, we observed that only 17% (33 345/191 218) of people captured in the real‐world database would have been eligible for such trials. Those who were ineligible tended to be older, had more comorbidities and a higher baseline hypoglycaemia rate than the eligible group. Using another large US EMR database (Optum Humedica) as corroboration, we found that 15% (36 285/235 697) would have been eligible to participate in the EDITION/BRIGHT RCTs. Furthermore, only 7% (1734/24 547) would have been eligible for the CONCLUDE (insulin degludec vs. Gla‐300) RCT. Our findings remind us of the value of real‐world data studies, complementing the results of RCTs, and providing additional insights into groups who would typically be excluded from RCTs.
Mental health first aid by Australian tertiary staff: Application rates, modes, content, and outcomes
Authors: Carpini Joseph A. , Chandra Joanne , Lin Janelle , Teo Rainbow , Truong Nikita , Boyne Emma , Wylde Tricia , Clifford Rhonda , Ashoorian Deena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimMental health problems are a growing challenge in tertiary institutions warranting psycho‐educational intervention programmes such as mental health first aid (MHFA) that provide training to identify and support affected individuals. The present study assesses the impact of MHFA interventions on tertiary students and staff. Specifically, we examine (1) MHFA application rates and the types of mental health issues encountered, (2) how MHFA was provided, (3) application of the MHFA action plan, and (4) perceived outcomes of MHFA.MethodsMHFA‐trained staff within a tertiary institution were electronically surveyed. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whereas abductive coding yielded qualitative themes.ResultsNinety participants completed the questionnaire (26%). Fifty‐seven percentage of respondents had applied MHFA within the tertiary context. All participants reported applying MHFA in response to anxiety or depression at least once. Anxiety (37%) and depression (27%) were the most frequently encountered mental health issues. All participants had administered MHFA face‐to‐face, with telephone calls (35%) and text messaging (33%) also frequently employed. On average, participants reported completing 4.2 (out of 5) MHFA action plan actions, with 47% completing all actions. Most participants believed that their intervention was helpful (88%) with 65% of recipients seeking professional assistance. Recipients experienced perceived positive affective responses, which were also associated with approach strategies.ConclusionsMHFA is widely applied in the tertiary context through a variety of modes. Most interventions featured at least four of the recommended MHFA action plan actions. The outcomes of MHFA were largely positive, suggesting that MHFA is an effective early intervention in the tertiary context.
Mindlink: A stigma‐free youth‐friendly community‐based early‐intervention centre in Korea
Authors: Kim Sung‐Wan , Kim Jae‐Kyeong , Jhon Min , Lee Hee‐Joon , Kim Honey , Kim Ju‐Wan , Lee Ju‐Yeon , Kim Jae‐Min , Shin Il‐Seon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimIn many Asian countries, youth mental health services are not well‐developed and access to treatment is generally delayed. Here, we present a community‐based service model based on our experience with Mindlink, the first early‐intervention centre of its kind in Korea.MethodsWe describe the history of this mental health early‐intervention service and the characteristics of users, as well as its intervention programmes and research directions. We also propose ways to further develop youth mental health services.ResultsA community‐based early‐intervention service for youth was first introduced in 2012, when a special team was formed in a community mental health centre of Korea. As the numbers of young clients increased, a youth‐friendly, early‐intervention centre called Mindlink was opened in 2016. Mindlink targets those aged 15–30 years with mental illness less than 5 years in duration. Its goal is to detect mental illness in young people early and provide comprehensive multidisciplinary interventions. It provides intensive case management and group programmes including cognitive‐behavioural therapy, family intervention, psychoeducation, behavioural activation and physical health promotion. The Korean government has officially announced that the Mindlink model is effective and is currently in the process of scaling it up on a national level.ConclusionAn accessible, youth‐friendly, stigma‐free, community mental health centre such as Mindlink allows early detection and appropriate management of mental illness in young patients.
Integrating music‐based interventions with Gamma‐frequency stimulation: Implications for healthy ageing
Authors: Tichko Parker , Kim Ji Chul , Large Edward , Loui Psyche 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, music‐based interventions (MBIs) have risen in popularity as a non‐invasive, sustainable form of care for treating dementia‐related disorders, such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite their clinical potential, evidence regarding the efficacy of MBIs on patient outcomes is mixed. Recently, a line of related research has begun to investigate the clinical impact of non‐invasive Gamma‐frequency (e.g., 40 Hz) sensory stimulation on dementia. Current work, using non‐human‐animal models of AD, suggests that non‐invasive Gamma‐frequency stimulation can remediate multiple pathophysiologies of dementia at the molecular, cellular and neural‐systems scales, and, importantly, improve cognitive functioning. These findings suggest that the efficacy of MBIs could, in theory, be enhanced by incorporating Gamma‐frequency stimulation into current MBI protocols. In the current review, we propose a novel clinical framework for non‐invasively treating dementia‐related disorders that combines previous MBIs with current approaches employing Gamma‐frequency sensory stimulation. We theorize that combining MBIs with Gamma‐frequency stimulation could increase the therapeutic power of MBIs by simultaneously targeting multiple biomarkers of dementia, restoring neural activity that underlies learning and memory (e.g., Gamma‐frequency neural activity, Theta‐Gamma coupling), and actively engaging auditory and reward networks in the brain to promote behavioural change.