bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘I should be disease free, healthy and be happy in whatever I do’: a cross-country analysis of drivers of adolescent diet and physical activity in different low- and middle-income contexts
Authors: Weller Susie , Hardy-Johnson Polly , Strommer Sofia , Fall Caroline , Banavali Ulka , Chopra Harsha , Janha Ramatoulie E , Joseph Shama , Reddy Kejal Joshi , Mengistie Mubarek Abera , Wrottesley Stephanie V , Kouakou Egnon , Barker Mary 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore perceptions of how context shapes adolescent diet and physical activity in eight low- and middle-income (LMIC) sites at different stages of societal and economic transition.Design:Novel qualitative secondary analysis of eight data sets generated as part of the international Transforming Adolescent Lives through Nutrition (TALENT) collaboration.Setting:Diverse sites in India and Sub-Saharan Africa.Participants:Fifty-two focus group discussions with 491 participants (303 adolescents aged 10–17 years; 188 caregivers).Results:Analysis of pooled qualitative data identified three themes: (1) transitions in generational nutrition education and knowledge; (2) transition in caregiver–adolescent power balance and (3) the implications of societal and economic transition for diet and physical activity. Adolescents in urban and peri-urban areas could readily access ‘junk’ food. Diets in rural settings were determined by tradition, seasonality and affordability. Physical activity was inhibited by site-specific factors including lack of space and crime in urban settings, and the prioritisation of academic performance. Gender influenced physical activity across all sites, with girls afforded fewer opportunities.Conclusions:Interventions to improve adolescent diet and physical activity in LMIC need to be complex, context-specific and responsive to transitions at the individual, economic and societal levels. Moreover, solutions need to acknowledge gender inequalities in different contexts, as well as structural and cultural influences on diet and physical activity in resource-limited settings. Programmes need to be effective in engaging and reconciling adolescents’ and caregivers’ perspectives. Consequently, there is a need for action at both the community-household level and also through policy.
The search for planet and planetesimal transits of white dwarfs with the Zwicky Transient Facility
Authors: Bell Keaton J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlanetary materials orbiting white dwarf stars reveal the ultimate fate of the planets of the Solar System and all known transiting exoplanets. Observed metal pollution and infrared excesses from debris disks support that planetary systems or their remnants are common around white dwarf stars; however, these planets are difficult to detect since a very high orbital inclination angle is required for a small white dwarf to be transited, and these transits have very short (minute) durations. The low odds of catching individual transits could be overcome by a sufficiently wide and fast photometric survey. I demonstrate that, by obtaining over 100 million images of white dwarf stars with 30-second exposures in its first three years, the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) is likely to record the first exoplanetary transits of white dwarfs, as well as new systems of transiting, disintegrating planetesimals. In these proceedings, I describe my project strategy to discover these systems using the ZTF data.
The spectral evolution of hot white dwarfs
Authors: Bédard Antoine , Bergeron Pierre , Fontaine Gilles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs they evolve, white dwarfs undergo major changes in their atmospheric composition, a phenomenon known as spectral evolution. In particular, most hot He-rich (DO) stars transform into H-rich (DA) stars as they cool off, most likely as a result of the float-up of residual H. We investigate this DO-to-DA transition by taking advantage of the extensive spectroscopic dataset provided by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Using our new state-of-the-art non-LTE model atmospheres, we perform a spectroscopic analysis of 1882 hot (Teff >30,000 K) white dwarfs identified in the SDSS. We find that at least 15% of all white dwarfs are born with a He-dominated atmosphere. Among these, ∼2/3 turn into H-rich stars before they reach Teff ∼40,000 K, while the remaining ∼1/3 maintain their He-rich surface throughout their entire evolution. We speculate on the origin of these two groups of objects.
ANTARES: A gateway to ZTF and LSST alerts
Authors: Lee Chien-Hsiu , Soraisam Monika , Narayan Gautham , Matheson Thomas , Saha Abhijit , Stubens Carl , Wolf Nicholas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudies of white dwarfs have greatly benefited from time-domain surveys and subsequent follow-up observations. However, with the avalanche of alerts delivered by ZTF and LSST and the limited resources for follow-up, we will need brokers to select intriguing alerts that warrant follow-up in a timely manner. At the University of Arizona and NSF’s OIR Lab, we are developing the Arizona-NOAO Temporal Analysis and Response to Events System, to hunt for the rarest of the rare events in the time-domain. In this work, we provide an overview of the ANTARES system, how we use ZTF as a training set, and the way forwards to LSST.
(Pre)-white dwarf stars as measuring tools for yields of AGB nucleosynthesis
Authors: Löbling Lisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the helium-rich intershell region of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, slow neutron-capture nucleosynthesis produces heavy elements beyond iron. If the stars experience a final-flash of the He-burning shell, a pulse-driven convection zone establishes, the stars become hydrogen-deficient and exhibit former intershell material at their surfaces. In their subsequent evolution towards the white-dwarf cooling sequence, but still at constant luminosity, a strong stellar wind prevents diffusion to wipe out the information about AGB yields. We present and interpret the analysis results of hydrogen-rich and -deficient post-AGB stars, discuss difficulties in their analysis and review the implications on the understanding of post-AGB evolution.
Masses of white dwarfs in symbiotic binaries
Authors: Hinkle Kenneth H. , Fekel Francis C. , Joyce Richard , Lebzelter Thomas , Straniero Oscar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMasses have been computed for the white dwarfs (WDs) in eclipsing, mass exchange (symbiotic), WD–red giant (RG) binaries by using single-lined spectroscopic orbits, orbital inclinations, and the RG masses. Inclinations have been measured for 13 eclipsing symbiotic binaries. Using Gaia data the mass of the RG can be found from evolutionary tracks. Since the WD evolved from the more massive star in the binary, the WD should be more massive than predicted from the mass of the current RG. Typically the WD has a lower mass than expected implying a previous mass exchange stage for these systems.
White dwarfs as advanced physics laboratories. The axion case
Authors: Isern Jordi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe shape of the luminosity function of white dwarfs (WDLF) is sensitive to the characteristic cooling time and, therefore, it can be used to test the existence of additional sources or sinks of energy such as those predicted by alternative physical theories. However, because of the degeneracy between the physical properties of white dwarfs and the properties of the Galaxy, the star formation history (SFH) and the IMF, it is almost always possible to explain any anomaly as an artifact introduced by the star formation rate. To circumvent this problem there are at least two possibilities, the analysis of the WDLF in populations with different stories, like disc and halo, and the search of effects not correlated with the SFH. These procedures are illustrated with the case of axions.
New population synthesis approach: The golden path to constrain stellar and galactic physics
Authors: Lagarde Nadège , Reylé Céline 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe cornerstone mission of the European Space Agency, Gaia, has revealed properties of 260 000 white dwarfs in the Galaxy, allowing us for the first time to constrain the evolution of white dwarfs with a large sample. Complementary surveys (CoRoT, Kepler, K2, APOGEE and Gaia-ESO), will revolutionize our understanding of the formation and history of our Galaxy, providing accurate stellar masses, radii, ages, distances, and chemical properties for very large samples of stars across different Galactic stellar populations. To exploit the potential of the combination of spectroscopic, seismic and astrometric observations, the population synthesis approach is a very crucial and efficient tool. We develop the Besançon Galaxy model (BGM, Lagarde et al.2017) for which stellar evolution predictions are included, providing the global asteroseismic properties and the surface chemical abundances along the evolution of low- and intermediate-mass stars. For the first time, the BGM can explore the effects of an extra-mixing occurring in red-giant stars Lagarde et al.2019, changing their stellar properties. The next step is to model a consistent treatment of giant stars and their remnants (e.g., white dwarfs). This kind of improvement would help us to constrain stellar and Galactic evolutions.
QPOs from post-shock accretion column of strongly magnetized accreting white dwarfs
Authors: Bera Prasanta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn extended magnetosphere of a strongly magnetized accreting white dwarf (known as a polar) prevents the formation of an accretion disk and the matter is channelled to the magnetic pole(s). A few such sources show quasi-periodic oscillations in their optical light curves. These high-frequency oscillations are thought to be generated from the post-shock accretion column. The kinetic energy of the accretion flow is finally emitted from this post-shock region and the involved radiation processes decide the state of the matter. Here we study the structure and the dynamical properties of such accretion columns and compare the results with the observational characteristics.
Effects of IMF By on Ring Current Asymmetry Under Southward IMF Bz Conditions Observed at Ground Magnetic Stations: Case Studies
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Veenadhari B. , Chakrabarty D. , Tulasi Ram S. , Kikuchi T. , Miyoshi Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we have evaluated the role of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By on the asymmetry of the ring current during the main phase of geomagnetic storms. The mean H variations have been calculated using 31 ground magnetic stations over magnetic latitudes of 09–45° following the methodology of Li et al. (2011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA016886). Further, the magnetic local time (MLT) variations in the H component at these stations w.r.t. the mean H were investigated for three cases of geomagnetic storms with varying southward IMF Bz and IMF By conditions. Significant ring current asymmetries were observed during the main phase of geomagnetic storms. The primary role of IMF Bz on the asymmetry of the ring current is observed from these cases. More importantly, the investigation brings out for the first time, the additional role of IMF By in influencing the MLT distribution of ring current observed at ground magnetic stations. Under southward IMF Bz conditions, it is shown based on SuperDARN and AMPERE data that IMF By can alter the MLT distribution of ring current under suitable conditions. The timescales of IMF By also play very important role in determining the asymmetry in the ring current. Under steady convection state, IMF By can rotate the convection cells based on its polarity, which in turn can change the MLT distribution of ring current observed by low‐latitude ground stations. This investigation, thus, brings out the important role of IMF By on the asymmetric MLT distribution of ring current under southward IMF Bz.
Extracellular heme recycling and sharing across species by novel mycomembrane vesicles of a Gram-positive bacterium
Authors: Wang Meng , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao-Lei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Microbes spontaneously release membrane vesicles (MVs), which play roles in nutrient acquisition and microbial interactions. Iron is indispensable for microbes, but is a difficult nutrient to acquire. However, whether MVs are also responsible for efficient iron uptake and therefore involved in microbial interaction remains to be elucidated. Here, we used a Gram-positive strain, Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b, to analyze the function of its MVs in heme-iron recycling and sharing between species. We determined the structure and constituent of MVs and showed that DQ12-45-1b releases MVs originating from the mycomembrane. When comparing proteomes of MVs between iron-limiting and iron-rich conditions, we found that under iron-limiting conditions, heme-binding proteins are enriched. Next, we proved that MVs participate in extracellular heme capture and transport, especially in heme recycling from environmental hemoproteins. Finally, we found that the heme carried in MVs is utilized by multiple species, and we further verified that membrane fusion efficiency and species evolutionary distance determine heme delivery. Together, our findings strongly suggest that MVs act as a newly identified pathway for heme recycling, and represent a public good shared between phylogenetically closely related species.
Effect of warming eyelids on tear film stability and quality of life in visual display terminal users: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sun Chi-Chin , Lee Chia-Yi , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Michihito Igaki , Tagami Kyoko , Hsiao Ching-Hsi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the effect of warming eyelids on tear-film stability and quality of life (QoL) in video display terminal (VDT) users. A prospective study was conducted and 45 volunteers with ocular symptoms and tear-film instability associated with VDT use were randomly allocated into the study (n = 22) or control groups (n = 23). Subjects in the study group used eyelid warming steamer (EWS) for 2 weeks and tear fluorescein breakup time (TBUT) after single and 2-week EWS treatment, Schirmer I test, ocular surface staining scores, meibomian gland assessment, severity of dry eye disease (DED) and QoL scores after 2-week EWS treatment were analysed. The TBUT improved after both single and 2-week EWS treatment (P = 0.023 and 0.027, respectively) in the study group. The ocular surface staining scores were significantly decreased only in the study group (P = 0.038). About 60% DED patients in the study group shifted towards non-DED and the pattern of distribution was significantly different compared to baseline (P < 0.001). The QoL scores significantly improved in the study group (P = 0.002) with a negative correlation with TBUT. In conclusion, in VDT users with short TBUT, eyelid warming steamer is effective in improving tear-film stability and QoL.
Hypnosis-induced modulation of corticospinal excitability during motor imagery
Authors: Cesari Paola , Modenese Michele , Benedetti Sara , Emadi Andani Mehran , Fiorio Mirta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHypnosis can be considered an altered state of consciousness in which individuals produce movements under suggestion without apparent voluntary control. Despite its application in contexts implying motor control, evidence for the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying hypnosis is scarce. Inter-individual differences in hypnotic susceptibility suggest that sensorimotor strategies may manifest in a hypnotic state. We tested by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the primary motor cortex whether motor system activation during a motor imagery task differs in the awake and in the hypnotic state. To capture individual differences, 30 healthy volunteers were classified as high or low hypnotizable (Highs and Lows) according to ad-hoc validated scales measuring hypnotic susceptibility and personality questionnaires. Corticospinal activation during motor imagery in the hypnotic state was greater in the Highs than the Lows. Intrinsic motivation in task performance and level of persuasion modulated corticospinal activation in the Highs. Corticospinal system activation under hypnosis may have practical implications that merit research in areas where hypnosis can be applied to improve motor performance, such as loss of motor abilities and sports.
An emerging role of chromatin-interacting RNA-binding proteins in transcription regulation
Authors: Du Xian , Xiao Rui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are well-established key factors orchestrating gene transcription, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are mainly thought to participate in post-transcriptional control of gene. In fact, these two steps are functionally coupled, offering a possibility for reciprocal communications between transcription and regulatory RNAs and RBPs. Recently, a series of exploratory studies, utilizing functional genomic strategies, have revealed that RBPs are prevalently involved in transcription control genome-wide through their interactions with chromatin. Here, we present a refined census of RBPs to grope for such an emerging role and discuss the global view of RBP–chromatin interactions and their functional diversities in transcription regulation.
Reconfigurable quasi‐elliptic filtering power divider with continuously tunable centre frequency and bandwidth
Authors: Zhang Gang , Liu Shicheng , Zhang Zhuowei , Liu Chang , Gao Yang , Yang Jiquan 
Published: October 2020

This study presents a new reconfigurable quasi‐elliptic filtering power divider (FPD) with tunable centre frequency (CF) and bandwidth (BW) by exploring singly one varactor‐loaded triple‐mode resonator. Avoiding the need for the variable couplings of the inter‐resonant nodes and external input/output, the reconfigurability of the proposed FPD is achieved by only tuning the resonant nodes of the triple‐mode resonator. Compared to the other reported ones, the proposed FPD not only exhibits better performance, but also compact and concise topology with the reduced number of resonators and loaded varactors. For demonstration, a prototype of tunable FPD is implemented following the given design procedure. Measured results coincide well with simulated ones, exhibiting that tunable CF (1.5–1.91 GHz), 1‐dB BW (80–300 MHz) with better in‐band isolation (>18 dB).
Development and investigation of means of transportation, storage, gasification and refueling of cryogen liquids of space systems
Authors: Arkharov Ivan A. , Smorodin Anatoly I. , Cheremnykh Oleg Ya. 
Published: October 2020

The paper describes the development of hydrogen, oxygen, LNG (tank cars, container cars) stationary devices based on the existing constructions. The investigation results of liquid hydrogen losses on experimental cryogenic storage and transport tanks with different thermal insulation (multilayer-vacuum, powder-vacuum, screen-vacuum (with a nitrogen screen of different designs)) are presented.
The paper presents the results of research on obtaining and maintaining pressure in the tank of a gasification plant with hydrogen supercritical parameters for long-term product delivery to the customer at variable or constant flowrate, both using an external source of hydrogen and a part of the hydrogen supplied to the consumer as a heat carrier.
The paper presents a method and equipment of refueling the Orbiter fuel tanks with high-purity hydrogen for variable hydrogen mass and different number of tanks.
Energy Efficient Air Conditioning System of the Temple Complex
Authors: Zharov Anton A. , Kasatkin Alexey V. 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this work is to develop a year-round energy-efficient air conditioning system for the temple complex, that meets modern engineering requirements and standards. And it should not violate the traditional appearance of an Orthodox church.In this article there are considered the requirements and standards for the construction of the temple complex together with the architectural solution and the geographical location of the construction entity. The proposed air conditioning system (ACS) with a pneumohydraulic diagram and design modes is described. This system is valid for the summer and winter seasons. The main element of the ACS of the temple complex is an array of heat pipes. The efficiency of the installation is achieved, first of all, due to the recovery of soil heat in the annual cycle. In addition, efficiency is increased by utilizing the heat of the waste air stream and indoor recirculation systems. The article represents a constructive solution for the proposed heat pipe and its design modes of operation in the summer and winter periods together with the expected technical characteristics in different modes of operation, as well as design options for the upper heat exchanger. There is given the concept of the arrangement of the elements of the pneumohydraulic diagram on the cartographic plan of the building and their mutual correlation with the intensity of the operating mode for the soil. And the last, but not least, the article represents a simulation of the annual soil regime, calculated by the finite element method, performed in the ANSYS computational environment.
Akute Schlaganfallversorgung in Deutschland
Authors: Neumann-Haefelin Tobias , Nabavi Darius , Gumbinger Christoph 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Schlaganfall zählt zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen und ist eine der führenden Ursachen von Morbidität und Mortalität weltweit. Die Schlaganfallversorgung in Deutschland ist im internationalen Vergleich auf einem sehr hohen Niveau. Kernelement der Schlaganfallversorgung sind die – mehrheitlich zertifizierten – Stroke Units (SU), die ganz überwiegend unter neurologischer Leitung stehen. Die Behandlung des Schlaganfalls ist komplex und bedarf eines abgewogenen Zusammenspiels mehrerer Fachdisziplinen und Berufsgruppen. Bezüglich der wichtigen rekanalisierenden Therapien in der Akutphase existiert eine gute bis sehr gute Verfügbarkeit in Deutschland. Die Verbesserungen der Schlaganfallbehandlung in den letzten Jahrzehnten haben zu einer deutlichen Reduktion der Sterblichkeit von Patienten mit Schlaganfall beigetragen.
Therapie des akuten ischämischen Schlaganfalls
Authors: Kestner Roxane-Isabelle , Bohmann Ferdinand , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Thomalla Götz , Schlemm Eckhard 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Behandlungsmöglichkeiten des akuten ischämischen Schlaganfalls haben sich durch Weiterentwicklung bewährter und Erprobung neuer Therapieansätze in den letzten Jahren verbessert. Durch den Einsatz der erweiterten Akutbildgebung mittels multimodaler Computer- oder Magnetresonanztomografie konnte der Zugang zu Thrombolyse und Thrombektomie auch für ausgewählte Patienten mit unbekanntem oder bis zu 9 bzw. 24 h zurückliegendem Beginn der akuten Schlaganfallsymptomatik ermöglicht werden. Ergänzend zu diesen rekanalisierenden Akuttherapien zeigen adjuvante neuroprotektive und immunmodulatorische Behandlungsansätze vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Schließlich gewinnen eine verbesserte Zusammenarbeit der an der Schlaganfallversorgung beteiligten Fachdisziplinen und die Optimierung logistischer Prozesse an Bedeutung, um den zeitabhängigen Nutzen der Akuttherapie individuell zu maximieren. Der vorliegende Artikel fasst wesentliche aktuelle Studienergebnisse zur Akuttherapie des ischämischen Schlaganfalls zusammen und gibt Empfehlungen für eine evidenzbasierte Bildgebung als Grundlage effektiver Reperfusionstherapien.