bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do school nurses promote participation in health visits with children of foreign origin?
Authors: Wahlstrom E , Golsäter M , Granlund M , Holmström I K , Larm P , Harder M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
All children in Sweden are invited to health visits to the school nurse to talk about their health. However, health visits with children of foreign origin might involve challenges when the child and school nurse do not share language and or culture. Such challenges might hinder the child's participation as e.g. sharing needs and experiences important for their health. Hence, school nurses' promotion of participation for these children need to be clarified to develop knowledge on how to promote health. The aim was to investigate school nurses' descriptions of promoting participation for children of foreign origin in health visits.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted, using a web-based questionnaire distributed to all school nurses in Sweden. It contained eight open-ended questions regarding promotion of participation for children of foreign origin. Answers were provided by 673 Swedish school nurses and analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
The preliminary result shows that school nurses use three approaches to promote participation: 1) adjusting according to the child's proficiency in Swedish and/or cultural or national background, 2) adjusting according to the child's individual needs, and 3) doing the same for all children regardless of their origin. These approaches are used throughout the health visit, although the most commonly was number 1. Such adjustments included the school nurse considering cultural aspects, simplifying their way of talking, or asking the child about their culture or background.

Conclusions
Adjustment according to the child's proficiency in Swedish and/or cultural or national background are warranted to promote participation in health visits with children of foreign origin. These will strengthen the opportunities for children to share their experiences as well as the encounter between school nurses and children.

Key messages
School nurses adjust promotion of participation when encountering children of foreign origin. Adjusting promotion of participation in health visits will enable children to share their health needs.
Use of healthcare services at time of delivery: a prospective community based study in Madagascar
Authors: Pourette D , Andrianantoandro T V , Rakotoarimanana F M J , Razakamanana M , Rakotomalala O , Ramiaramanana J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Maternal mortality remains high in Madagascar (478 deaths per 100,000 live births) and more than 60% of birth are not assisted by professional health workers. This study aimed to determine factors that influence choices of delivery place in two municipalities of Vakinakaratra region.

Methods
This was a prospective study. 245 pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy were included and surveyed during Oct-Nov 2016. The same women were re-surveyed 3 months or more after their respective deliveries (June-July 2017). Binary logistic regression was used and the analysis were supported by qualitative interviews conducted with 35 women from the sample, 7 community health workers, 5 professionals health workers and 15 traditional healers and traditional births attendants or 'reninjaza'.

Results
Overall, 91.8 % of women intended to give birth at health facilities. The reasons given are the quality of services and the medical support in case of complications, the registration of birth and the referrals and encouragement from reninjaza. However, out of 229 mothers interviewed after delivery, only 60.7% gave birth in a health facility. Educated mothers were ORa=6.6 (p &lt; 0.001) times more likely to deliver at health facility and mothers with at least 4 births are ORa=0.17 (p &lt; 0.01) times less likely to do it. The qualitative analysis highlights the cost (logistics and care) as well as the fear of caesarean sections as a brake on childbirth in a health facility. The distance from the health center and the lack of preparation to travel there were also identified. Decisions at the time of childbirth come under the close family.

Conclusions
Use of maternity services remains low. The implementation of free delivery care policies, formalizing the collaboration between reninjaza and health workers and raising awareness among close family should improve the access to healthcare.

Key messages
Collaborations between health workers and traditional healers should be formalized. The close family of pregnant women (spouse, mother, mother-in-law) should be the target of awareness raising strategies.
Using mobile immunization vans to cover under-served populations in hard-to-reach areas
Authors: Siddique M , Abdullah S , Siddiqi D A , Mirza A , Dharma V K , Shah M T , Akhter M A , Khan A J , Chandir S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Pakistan, only 66% of children receive their basic vaccinations. However, the figure masks significant inequalities in vaccine coverage between urban and rural residences, slums and areas distantly located from EPI centers. Frequent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases such as polio and measles, in urban cities like Karachi, signal the need for expanding vaccine services to underserved areas. In Apr'19, we introduced the Mobile Immunization Van initiative in Karachi in collaboration with EPI Sindh. Currently, two vans are deployed in hard-to-reach areas and slums to immunize under-2 children for routine vaccines.

Methods
Before the van visit, mobilization efforts are conducted in targeted areas to encourage caretakers to bring their child for vaccination. On the day of visit, the van is parked at a central location, and announcements are played on a loudspeaker to attract caregivers. All vaccinations are administered in the van, and entries are recorded in Government's Digital Immunization Registry along with GIS coordinates of immunized children. The data is then automatically transferred on to a web-dashboard for analysis and tracking.

Results
From Apr'19 to Jan'20, the vans have vaccinated 2,867 children, out of which 50% had never been immunized prior to the van visit. Of those who received their follow-up vaccines from the van, 80% were at least 4 weeks beyond from their vaccine due date. GIS analysis of van data confirmed that immunizations were conducted in slums, and areas distantly located from EPI centers. Moreover, compared to government outreach activity, proportion of BCG, Penta3 and Measles1 administrations in slums was higher through the vans by 5%, 6%, and 4% respectively.

Conclusions
The vans provide an opportunity for immunizing never-vaccinated children and children defaulting on their vaccine schedule, from the most vulnerable geographies, while simultaneously enrolling them in the Government's EPI Program for effective tracking.

Key messages
The mobile vans help achieve universal immunization coverage through provision of vaccine services in slum and rural hard-to-reach areas with limited access to government-provided services. The mobile vans help vaccinate and capture never-immunized children into the Government’s EPI records, reducing the number of children missed through routine services.
RNA imaging in bacteria
Authors: Rombouts Sara , Nollmann Marcelo 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression plays an essential role in many biological processes. Recently, several imaging-based RNA labeling and detection methods, both in fixed and live cells, were developed and now enable the study of transcript abundance, localization and dynamics. Here, we review the main single-cell techniques for RNA visualization with fluorescence microscopy and describe their applications in bacteria.
Reasserting hegemonic masculinity: women's leadership within the far right
Authors: Worth Owen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The emergence of a global far right has been seen as a significant development in recent years and as a challenge to wider forms of neo-liberal globalization. While much has been written about its significance and representation, little has been written on either the gendered nature of the far right and the role that women have played as actors within it. Though there still remains a gender gap in terms of the support and participation of the far right, there has been an increasing rise of leaders and figureheads within the respective movements themselves. This article argues that despite the emergence of these women, the far right looks to construct an extreme form of masculinity in which anti-feminism appears as a significant part of its overall strategy. By engaging with both the Gramscian understandings of hegemonic construction and subsequent notions of masculinist hegemony, it argues that the appearance of women both as leaders and ‘organic intellectuals’ within respective national movements allows them to gain greater legitimacy. Rather than ‘feminizing’ or indeed moderating the form of far-right narratives, women had looked to re-inforce such extreme masculinity by adding to existing understandings of anti-immigration, nationalism and in particular of the meaning of ‘anti-feminism’. Thus, recent leaders of far-right political parties appear alongside media columnists and ‘celebrities’ in contributing to the construction of extreme masculinity with the far right.
Thoracic endometriosis syndrome in Nigeria: a single-centre experience
Authors: Ezemba Ndubueze , Okafor Okechukwu C , Emeruem Nwadinma U , Adiri Charles O 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOBJECTIVESThoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) is the presence of functional endometrial tissue in or around the lung. There seem to be differences in the clinical presentation of this condition among Nigerian patients. We aim to study the clinical presentation and management outcome of TES in our centre.METHODSThis is an analysis of consecutive patients with TES treated over a 5-year period and followed up for 6 months to 5 years. Information collected included the gynaecological history, clinical presentation, causes of misdiagnosis, modalities of treatment and outcome.RESULTSTwenty-three patients with TES aged between 24 and 45 years (median 32 years) were treated. Severe dysmenorrhoea was a prominent symptom in 91.3% of cases (median dysmenorrhoea score 8) and was uninfluenced by the marital status (P = 0.522). The patients usually presented with massive or recurrent haemothorax associated with massive ascites [16/23 (69.5%) of cases (P = 0.0006)]. The right side alone was involved in 21 cases and 1 patient had catamenial haemoptysis as a part of her symptoms, even though there was bronchial bleed at bronchoscopy in 6 patients. In 40%, tuberculosis was the misdiagnosis. Diagnosis was established histologically in 18/23 (78.3%) of the cases. Treatment was multimodal and multidisciplinary with notable macroscopic lesions in 77.8% of the patients that had surgery.CONCLUSIONSTES is not an uncommon lesion. Presentation with massive haemothorax is usually associated with massive ascites. A large percentage of such have pleural and diaphragmatic lesions that require surgical treatment. The ascites may be refractory to treatment requiring repeated paracentesis.
Murmurations: Scale-Free Correlation and Atmospheric Attunement in Families Organizing around Domestic Violence
Authors: Wagner Kirstin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay seeks to complicate seemingly rigid notions of instinct, agency, and survival for proximate bodies resisting violence through cooperative spatial attunement. I place the behaviors and movements of murmurating starlings (and other nonhuman animal beings in various states of fear/pain) alongside human family members in families organizing around domestic violence in order to theorize predation-evasion-induced scale-free correlation (PEISFC) as a trans-species process of “atmospheric attunement” that resists violence.
Industrious and Imitative Art: Manufacturing Artistic Expertise in Nineteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Rhee Pollyanna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the middle of the nineteenth century, a new material from the British Straits Settlements fascinated botanists, industrialists, journalists and consumers with its almost endless possibilities. For its champions, the gutta percha tree was more than a just a rubber plant. Transported from the colonies to London, gutta percha could be shaped into any form and used to imitate a variety of expensive materials. This article argues that those advancing gutta percha’s applications for decorative and ornamental objects offered a sanitized version of industrial production to the public by portraying artistic skill as central to the transformation of the material from its origins as a colonial raw material. The material’s applications allowed British manufacturers to demonstrate their role in synthetizing scientific knowledge, industrial production and artistic skill. A catalogue of ornamental goods and depictions of the Gutta Percha Factory in London emphasized the skills of workers who crafted artistic objects through industrial processes. Critics decried the influence of industrial manufacturing on workers and industrial production’s detrimental effect on the arts, but others argued that these gutta percha objects highlighted the artistry and ingenuity of factory workers. More significant was the idea that these factory workers with modern industrial techniques supplanted old modes of craft and contributed to a necessary updating of artistic production.
Nonoperative management of gastrointestinal bleeding after a simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant
Authors: Nawabi Atta , Serwar Sumaiya , Klein Jeffrey , Nawabi Perwaiz , Nawabi Nadia , Cibrik Diane 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith a shift toward enteric drainage techniques, the complications associated with simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) transplant have also changed. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most common complications associated with SPK. This case report describes the treatment of a postoperative GI hemorrhage using the push endoscopy technique. A 48-year-old male underwent an uneventful SPK transplant with entero-systemic drainage and developed hematochezia. The push enteroscopy technique was utilized to treat the bleeding ulcer. Historically, the use of the push enteroscopy technique to treat GI bleeding from the small bowel is not described in the literature. One of the limitations of duodenojejunostomy is that standard endoscopy cannot be readily used to visualize the duodenojejunostomy. However, the use of push enteroscopy may prove to be a minimal invasive and cost-effective intervention for GI bleeding after SPK.
Calculating sameness: Identifying early-modern image reuse outside the black box
Authors: Kräutli Florian , Lockhorst Daan , Valleriani Matteo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this article, we present a method for identifying image reuse in a corpus of 358 books printed between the 15th and 17th century. The approach is based on image hashing, an established method for finding near duplicates of images. Our historical interpretation of the method’s result produces two important insights hinting at a radical material and epistemological change taking place around 1530. We then evaluate the image hash approach against a method that employs a neural network for image recognition.
Management of acute stroke within the stroke pathway and stroke clinics
Authors: Birns Jonathan , Bhalla Ajay 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There have been considerable advances in stroke research leading to translation of drug therapy for stroke into the clinical arena. Thrombolysis for ischaemic stroke is a key advance that significantly reduces disability. This has revolutionized the manner in which acute stroke is treated as a medical emergency. The use of advanced imaging techniques and adjuncts to thrombolysis could potentially improve selection of patients who may benefit from reperfusion therapy such as mechanical thrombectomy and allow treatment decisions to be based on individual brain pathophysiology, rather than arbitrary time windows. It is likely that reconfiguration of stroke services may be required to accommodate further delivery of hyperacute interventions for acute stroke.
Chronic stable angina
Authors: Lanza Gaetano Antonio , De Vita Antonio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Treatment of patients with chronic stable angina has two main objectives: to improve clinical outcome and to reduce angina symptoms. Prognosis is mainly improved by a reduction in cardiovascular risk factor burden, which may be achieved by appropriate lifestyle changes and, for some risk factors (e.g. hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes), appropriate pharmacological therapy (including, in particular, statins and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors) and use of antithrombotic agents. Symptoms can be improved by a variable combination of traditional (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitrates) and novel (e.g. ivabradine, ranolazine) anti-ischaemic drugs, which may act through reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption and/or improvement of myocardial perfusion.
COMPARING HEALTH EFFECTS OF RADON IN MANITOBA AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
Authors: Al-arydah Mo’tassem 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We compare lung cancer (LC) rates, smoking percentages and radon levels in Manitoba (MN) and Prince Edward Island (PE). Smoking does not explain high LC in MN, but indoor radon does. We show that population attributable risk in PE is only 37% of that in MN. Radon above 200 Bq m −3 increases LC in PE by only 4 cases, but in MN by 195 cases.
RESEARCH ON PASSIVE SOIL DEPRESSURIZATION SYSTEMS: STATE OF THE ART AND LAB TEST ON-GOING
Authors: Fuente Marta , Hung Le Chi , Goggins Jamie , Foley Mark 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There is strong evidence both internationally and in Ireland that the correct installation of passive prevention systems in new buildings is the most cost-effective way of protecting the population against radon. Previous work considering membranes, granular fill material in the aggregate layer beneath the slab and sump system has been conducted in Ireland to improve the protection of buildings from radon. The implications of research on passive sumps potential to reduce radon concentrations are significant, as if it can be shown that the installation of passive sumps in Irish building is effective; this could constitute a low-cost, passive, sustainable method for minimizing radon levels in buildings. On-going experimental tests investigating the performance of different common cowls used for passive soil depressurization systems are presented, in addition to the impact of different vertical heights and horizontal lengths of pipe with a number of bends investigated.
Ketamine Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Kamp Jasper , Olofsen Erik , Henthorn Thomas K. , van Velzen Monique , Niesters Marieke , Dahan Albert ,   for the Ketamine Pharmacokinetic Study Group
Published: October 2020

Background
Several models describing the pharmacokinetics of ketamine are published with differences in model structure and complexity. A systematic review of the literature was performed, as well as a meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic data and construction of a pharmacokinetic model from raw data sets to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate existing ketamine pharmacokinetic models and construct a general ketamine pharmacokinetic model.

Methods
Extracted pharmacokinetic parameters from the literature (volume of distribution and clearance) were standardized to allow comparison among studies. A meta-analysis was performed on studies that performed a mixed-effect analysis to calculate weighted mean parameter values and a meta-regression analysis to determine the influence of covariates on parameter values. A pharmacokinetic population model derived from a subset of raw data sets was constructed and compared with the meta-analytical analysis.

Results
The meta-analysis was performed on 18 studies (11 conducted in healthy adults, 3 in adult patients, and 5 in pediatric patients). Weighted mean volume of distribution was 252 l/70 kg (95% CI, 200 to 304 l/70 kg). Weighted mean clearance was 79 l/h (at 70 kg; 95% CI, 69 to 90 l/h at 70 kg). No effect of covariates was observed; simulations showed that models based on venous sampling showed substantially higher context-sensitive half-times than those based on arterial sampling. The pharmacokinetic model created from 14 raw data sets consisted of one central arterial compartment with two peripheral compartments linked to two venous delay compartments. Simulations showed that the output of the raw data pharmacokinetic analysis and the meta-analysis were comparable.

Conclusions
A meta-analytical analysis of ketamine pharmacokinetics was successfully completed despite large heterogeneity in study characteristics. Differences in output of the meta-analytical approach and a combined analysis of 14 raw data sets were small, indicative that the meta-analytical approach gives a clinically applicable approximation of ketamine population parameter estimates and may be used when no raw data sets are available.

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Observational Research for Therapies Titrated to Effect and Associated With Severity of Illness: Misleading Results From Commonly Used Statistical Methods*
Authors: de Grooth Harm-Jan , Girbes Armand R. J. , van der Ven Fleur , Oudemans-van Straaten Heleen M. , Tuinman Pieter R. , de Man Angélique M. E. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
In critically ill patients, treatment dose or intensity is often related to severity of illness and mortality risk, whereas overtreatment or undertreatment (relative to the individual need) may further increase the odds of death. We aimed to investigate how these relationships affect the results of common statistical methods used in observational studies.

Design:
Using Monte Carlo simulation, we generated data for 5,000 patients with a treatment dose related to the pretreatment mortality risk but with randomly distributed overtreatment or undertreatment. Significant overtreatment or undertreatment (relative to the optimal dose) further increased the mortality risk. A prognostic score that reflects the mortality risk and an outcome of death or survival was then generated. The study was analyzed: 1) using logistic regression to estimate the effect of treatment dose on outcome while controlling for prognostic score and 2) using propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting of the effect of high treatment dose on outcome. The data generation and analyses were repeated 1,500 times over sample sizes between 200 and 30,000 patients, with an increasing accuracy of the prognostic score and with different underlying assumptions.

Setting:
Computer-simulated studies.

Measurements and Main Results:
In the simulated 5,000-patient observational study, higher treatment dose was found to be associated with increased odds of death (p = 0.00001) while controlling for the prognostic score with logistic regression. Propensity-matched analysis led to similar results. Larger sample sizes led to equally biased estimates with narrower CIs. A perfect risk predictor negated the bias only under artificially perfect assumptions.

Conclusions:
When a treatment dose is associated with severity of illness and should be dosed “enough,” logistic regression, propensity score matching, and inverse probability weighting to adjust for confounding by severity of illness lead to biased results. Larger sample sizes lead to more precisely wrong estimates.