bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking bulkers delivered between 2010 and 2016, identifying the effect of the EEDI introduction
Authors: Pruyn Jeroen F. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe EEDI is one measure to identify the energy efficiency of a vessel. Besides EEDI there are many other aspects relevant when considering the energy efficiency quality of a vessel, most based on design insights. In this paper, a set of ten relevant indicators are identified to establish the performance of the vessel and pinpoint the source of an energy efficiency improvement. These indicators are applied to the dry bulk vessels delivered between 2010 and 2016. Finally, for all indicators with a reasonable fit, the significance of the differences between trend lines is investigated. This results in groupings with equal performance, showing a clear split between vessels delivered between 2014 and 2016 and before. This is in line with the EEDI enforcement starting 2013. However, for the vessels below 125.000 DWT, the effect so far is traced back to be an increase in contract speed only. No other aspects changed significantly enough. Above this size, a reduction in speed and power can be observed, as predicted by many scholars.
Lessons learned in preparing for and responding to the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: one simulation’s program experience adapting to the new normal
Authors: Brydges Ryan , Campbell Douglas M. , Beavers Lindsay , Khodadoust Nazanin , Iantomasi Paula , Sampson Kristen , Goffi Alberto , Caparica Santos Filipe N. , Petrosoniak Andrew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUse of simulation to ensure an organization is ready for significant events, like COVID-19 pandemic, has shifted from a “backburner” training tool to a “first choice” strategy for ensuring individual, team, and system readiness. In this report, we summarize our simulation program’s response during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the associated challenges and lessons learned. We also reflect on anticipated changes within our program as we adapt to a “new normal” following this pandemic. We intend for this report to function as a guide for other simulation programs to consult as this COVID-19 crisis continues to unfold, and during future challenges within global healthcare systems. We argue that this pandemic has cemented simulation programs as fundamental for any healthcare organization interested in ensuring its workforce can adapt in times of crisis. With the right team and set of partners, we believe that sustained investments in a simulation program will amplify into immeasurable impacts across a healthcare system.
Abortions followed by contraceptive failures in Northern India: an analysis of contraceptive histories (2009–2014)
Authors: Singh Anjali , Mishra Rakesh , Singh K. K. , Verma Prashant 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study tries to elicit the unexplored nexus between the contraceptive failure and abortions in India’s most populous state Uttar Pradesh. Condom being the most used modern method contributes to 47% of all observed episodes in the calendar period. Of all accidental pregnancies occurred because of modern contraceptive failures, 35.2% terminated with induced abortions. Gross failure rate of modern methods is conspicuously higher for urban poor, uneducated women, and marginalized section of population living in urban area. From a total of 7496 episodes of all reversible methods, abortions are estimated as high as 29.2%, whereas for the traditional method it accounts for around 21%. The empirical evidence of induced abortions due to contraceptive failure put serious concern regarding unintended pregnancies and hence discourages fertility intentions among the potential couples.
Rationale and design of the HIT-CF organoid study: stratifying cystic fibrosis patients based on intestinal organoid response to different CFTR-modulators
Authors: van Mourik Peter , Michel Sabine , Vonk Annelotte M. , Beekman Jeffrey M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. ,   on behalf of the HIT-CF consortium, De Keyser Hilde , Lammertyn Elise , van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel Silke , Naehrlich Lutz , Pool Judith , van de Craen Marc , Aguilera Begoña , Pott Johanna , Vries Rob G. J. , Boj Sylvia F. , De Boeck Kris , Vermeulen François , Ramalho Anabela S. , Silva Iris A. L. , Amaral Margarida D. , Goddeeris Matthew , Gilmartin Geoffrey 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis is a rare recessive monogenic disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in theCystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator(CFTR) gene. Recently developed CFTR-modulators (i.e. drugs that rescue CFTR-function) have improved the prognosis of the disease, but are only available for certain, relatively common mutations. More than 2000 genetic variants in CFTR have been described, many of which are uncharacterized, while efficacy of CFTR-modulators can differ depending on genotype. Personalized models that can predict drug efficacy in patients with rare mutations could help to provide access to effective CFTR-modulator treatment. The forskolin induced swelling (FIS) assay in rectal organoids can robustly measure CFTR-function and CFTR-modulator efficacy, and pilot studies indicate that FIS accurately predicts treatment efficacy in individual patients. In the HIT-CF Organoid Study, rectal organoids from patients with rare CFTR-mutations are screened for CFTR-modulator efficacy to identify patients that could clinically benefit from these drugs.MethodsIn this EU-H2020 funded multi-centre study, rectal biopsies are obtained from approximately 500 subjects with rare CFTR-mutations from 17 different EU countries and sent to central laboratories. Organoids are generated, on which several novel CFTR-modulating drugs are screened for efficacy. In the process, a biobank is generated which could be used for future research. Subjects whose organoids show a response to treatment will be asked to participate in subsequent clinical trials evaluating the clinical efficacy of tested drugs.DiscussionThe HIT-CF Organoid Study applies the intestinal organoid model for personalized medicine in patients with rare variant cystic fibrosis, who are currently excluded from classical CFTR-modulator trials. Together with the subsequent clinical trials in high responders, this study aims to create a new pathway for access to CFTR-modulating drugs for patients with ultra-rare CFTR variants.Trial registrationThis trial has been registered in the Netherlands Trial Registry (NTR7520,https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7304), a primary registry approved and recognized by WMO and ICMJE, on 2018-10-02.
Assessment of bacterial loads of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) obtained from cultured and natural habitats
Authors: Afolabi Olajide Joseph , Oladele Oluwole Olakunle , Olususi Fayokemi Christianah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
African catfish (Clarias garipienus) is a major tropical aquaculture species in Africa and most cultivated by fish farmers in Nigeria. The dominance of African catfish for fish farming is attributed to several favourable characteristics such as its ability to tolerate a varying range of environmental conditions, high stocking densities under culture conditions, fast growth rate, acceptability of artificial feed, high fecundity rate, ease of artificial breeding and high market value. However, catfishes are known to harbour bacteria which limit its suitability for human consumption. Hence, this study was conducted to compare the bacterial loads of C. gariepinus from cultured and natural habitats.

Methodology
A total number of twelve live adult (200–799 g) C. gariepinus comprising 3 each were randomly obtained from two cultured habitats (ponds) and two natural habitats (rivers). In the laboratory, the skin and the intestine of the fish were examined for the presence of bacteria using nutrient, mannitol salt and cetrimide agars.

Results
Seven bacteria isolates namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp. were identified from the catfishes using their colonial, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The results showed that the total bacterial loads in cultured habitat (skin, 25.77 × 104cfu/g; intestine, 22.50 × 104cfu/g) were significantly higher than the total bacterial load recorded in natural habitat (skin, 15.94 × 104cfu/g, intestine, 14.23 × 104cfu/g). Specifically, total Staphylococcal loads (skin, 10.40 × 104cfu/g; intestine, 10.77 × 104cfu/g) and Pseudomonad loads (skin, 6.80 × 104cfu/g; intestine, 8.00 × 104cfu/g) were significantly higher in cultured habitat than natural habitat where Staphylococcal loads (skin, 6.66 × 104cfu/g; intestine, 5.50 × 104cfu/g) and Pseudomonad loads (skin, 5.46 × 104cfu/g; intestine, 5.54 × 104cfu/g) were recorded. Generally, it was observed that bacterial loads were higher on the skin compare to intestines of C. gariepinus obtained from both habitats.

Conclusion
The study showed that bacterial loads were more in C. gariepinus obtained from cultured habitat compared to those obtained from natural habitat. It is therefore recommended that sanitary conditions under which fish are reared in fish pond should be improved.
An overview on COVID-19: reality and expectation
Authors: Hamed Manal A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), commonly known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across China and around the world. By the declaration of WHO, COVID-19 outbreak considered as a public health problem of international concern. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive view on COVID-19 and the future expectations to control virus progression. Patients with liver disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity are more susceptible to the incidence of COVID-19 infection. So, there is a rapid need for disease diagnosis, vaccine development, and drug discovery to detect, prevent, and treat this sudden and lethal virus. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered as a rapid, accurate, and specific tool for disease diagnosis. Under this emergency situation that the world facing against COVID-19, there are about 15 potential vaccine candidates tested globally based on messenger RNA, DNA-based, nanoparticle, synthetic, and modified virus-like particle. Certain drugs that are clinically approved for other diseases were tested against COVID-19 as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, favipiravir, ribavirin, and remdesivir. Convalescent plasma transfusion and traditional herbal medicine were also taken into consideration. Due to the absence of effective treatment or vaccines against COVID-19 so far, the precautionary measures according to WHO’s strategic objectives are the only way to confront this crisis. Governments should adopt national medical care programs to reduce the risk of exposure to any future viral outbreaks especially to patients with pre-existing medical conditions.
Light microscopic evidence of in vivo differentiation from the transplanted inferior turbinate-derived stem cell into the rod photoreceptor in degenerating retina of the mouse
Authors: Park Yong Soo , Kim Yeonji , Kim Sung Won , Kim In-Beom 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe human turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs), which were DiI-labeled and transplanted into the subretinal space in degenerating mouse retina, were observed in retinal vertical sections processed for rhodopsin (a marker for rod photoreceptor) by confocal microscope with differential interference contrast (DIC) filters. The images clearly demonstrated that DiI-labeled hTMSCs have rhodopsin-immunoreactive appendages, indicating differentiation of transplanted hTMSC into rod photoreceptor. Conclusively, the finding suggests therapeutic potential of hTMSCs in retinal degeneration.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of maxillary sinus successfully treated with radiotherapy and corticosteroid: report of a rare case
Authors: Biswas Rituparna , Halder Anirban , Gangopadhyay Mimi , Biswas Dipanwita 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a mesenchymal tumor mainly found in lung or retroperitoneum and rarely affects head and neck region. Extensive English literature search reveals that less than fifty cases of head and neck IMT have been reported so far, maxillary sinus being fewer.

Case presentation
We present a case of IMT involving maxillary sinus in a 48-year-old gentleman who attained complete clinico-radiologic response after treatment with radiotherapy (RT) and concurrent oral prednisolone.

Conclusions
This is the first report where such magnificent response was attained in primary setting treated with RT and steroids as opposed to surgery which used to be considered as standard of care till now.
Salvage Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma After Prior Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Gul Anita , Stewart Tyler F. , Mantia Charlene M. , Shah Neil J. , Gatof Emily Stern , Long Ying , Allman Kimberly D. , Ornstein Moshe C. , Hammers Hans J. , McDermott David F. , Atkins Michael B. , Hurwitz Michael , Rini Brian I. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The safety and activity of the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients who have received prior ICI targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway remains unknown. We evaluated ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients with metastatic RCC after prior treatment with anti–PD-1 pathway–targeted therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with metastatic RCC who received prior anti–PD-1 pathway-targeted therapy and subsequently received ipilimumab and nivolumab were reviewed. Objective response rate and progression-free survival per investigator assessment were recorded. Toxicity of ipilimumab and nivolumab was also assessed. RESULTS Forty-five patients with metastatic RCC were included. All patients (100%) received prior ICIs targeting the PD-1 pathway. The median age was 62 years (range, 21-82 years). At a median follow-up of 12 months, the objective response rate to ipilimumab and nivolumab was 20%. The median progression-free survival while on ipilimumab and nivolumab was 4 months (range, 0.8-19 months). Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of any grade with ipilimumab and nivolumab were recorded in 29 (64%) of the 45 patients; grade 3 irAEs were recorded in 6 (13%) of the 45 patients. CONCLUSION Ipilimumab and nivolumab demonstrated antitumor activity with acceptable toxicity in patients with metastatic RCC who had prior treatment with checkpoint inhibition.
Reference Values for Chronotropic Index from 1280 Incremental Cycle Ergometry Tests
Authors: SIRICHANA WORAWAN , NEUFELD ERIC V. , WANG XIAOYAN , HU SCOTT B. , DOLEZAL BRETT A. , COOPER CHRISTOPHER B. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Clinical cardiopulmonary exercise testing can determine causes of exercise limitation. The slope of heart rate (fC
) versus oxygen uptake (V˙O2), which we call the chronotropic index (CI), can help identify cardiovascular impairment. We aimed to develop a reference equation for CI based on a large number of subjects considered to have normal exercise responses.

Methods
From a database of 13,728 incremental cycle ergometry exercise tests, we identified 1280 normal tests based on the absence of a clinical diagnosis, normal body mass index, and normal aerobic performance plus absence of cardiovascular disease, medications, or ventilatory limitation. A linear mixed-model approach was used to analyze the relationship between CI and other variables.

Results
Subjects were age 18–84 yr, and 693 (54.1%) were men. Mean ± SD CI in men was lower than in women, 41.2 ± 9.3 beats per liter versus 63.4 ± 15.7 L−1. Age (in years), sex (0, male; 1, female), height (in centimeters), and weight (in kilograms) were significant predictors for CI:CIi
= 106.9 + 0.16 × age
i
+ 14.3 × sex
i
− 0.31 × height
i
− 0.24 × weight
i
. The SE of estimates ranged from 10.6 to 11.2 L−1 (median of 10.7 L−1).

Conclusions
We report a reference equation for CI derived from normal subjects. The CI can be used in conjunction with V˙O2max to interpret maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests. We consider a high CI to be cardiovascular impairment and a low CI plus low V˙O2max to be chronotropic insufficiency.
CONCEITO E PRÁTICA DO CONSENTIMENTO INFORMADO: UMA ANÁLISE DAS DECISÕES JUDICIAIS DO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Lopes Jr. Dalmir 
Published: June 2020

O consentimento informado é um conceito resultante das transformações ocorridas na relação entre médicos e pacientes ao longo do século XX. A principal mudança deu-se com a superação do paradigma hipocrático de medicina por outro que privilegia o direito de autodeterminação dos pacientes. Embora ainda não exista uma lei que disponha sobre esse instituto no país, ele já é reconhecido pela jurisprudência pátria. A incorporação desse conceito pelo pensamento jurídico descortina uma nova compreensão para a relação médico-paciente. Neste artigo, procuramos discorrer sobre a natureza do consentimento informado, expondo seus requisitos e limites de aplicação. Para tanto, além de referenciais teóricos sobre a noção, também expomos uma pesquisa sobre a aplicabilidade do conceito a partir das decisões judiciais do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2002 a 2016, a fim de expor como a prática judicial tem contribuído para a consolidação direito de autodeterminação do paciente, bem como quais são as dificuldades que ainda precisam ser superadas.
Analysis of tRNACys processing under salt stress in Bacillus subtilis spore outgrowth using RNA sequencing data
Authors: Arvizu Hernández Iván , Hernández Flores José Luis , Caballero Pérez Juan , Gutiérrez Sánchez Héctor , Ramos López Miguel Ángel , Romero Gómez Sergio , Cruz Hernández Andrés , Saldaña Gutierrez Carlos , Álvarez Hidalgo Erika , Jones George H. , Campos Guillén Juan 
Published: June 2020

Background: In spore-forming bacteria, the molecular mechanisms of accumulation of transfer RNA (tRNA) during sporulation must be a priority as tRNAs play an essential role in protein synthesis during spore germination and outgrowth. However, tRNA processing has not been extensively studied in these conditions, and knowledge of these mechanisms is important to understand long-term stress survival. Methods:To gain further insight into tRNA processing during spore germination and outgrowth, the expression of the single copy tRNACys gene was analyzed in the presence and absence of 1.2 M NaCl in Bacillus subtilis using RNA-Seq data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The CLC Genomics work bench 12.0.2 (CLC Bio, Aarhus, Denmark, https://www.qiagenbioinformatics.com/) was used to analyze reads from the tRNACys gene. Results:The results show that spores store different populations of tRNACys-related molecules. One such population, representing 60% of total tRNACys, was composed of tRNACys fragments. Half of these fragments (3´-tRF) possessed CC, CCA or incorrect additions at the 3´end. tRNACys with correct CCA addition at the 3´end represented 23% of total tRNACys, while with CC addition represented 9% of the total and with incorrect addition represented 7%. While an accumulation of tRNACys precursors was induced by upregulation of the rrnD operon under the control of σA -dependent promoters under both conditions investigated, salt stress produced only a modest effect on tRNACys expression and the accumulation of tRNACys related species. Conclusions:The results demonstrate that tRNACys molecules resident in spores undergo dynamic processing to produce functional molecules that may play an essential role during protein synthesis.
Coronavirus disease 2019 drug discovery through molecular docking
Authors: Singh Sweta , Florez Hector 
Published: June 2020

Background: The dawn of the year 2020 witnessed the spread of the highly infectious and communicable disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally since it was ﬁrst reported in 2019. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 is the main causative agent. In total, 3,096,626 cases and 217,896 deaths owing to COVID-19 were reported by 30th April, 2020 by the World Health Organization. This means infection and deaths show an exponential growth globally. In order to tackle this pandemic, it is necessary to ﬁnd possible easily accessible therapeutic agents till an effective vaccine is developed. Methods: In this study, we present the results of molecular docking processes through high throughput virtual screening to analyze drugs recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. Results: Atovaquone, fexofenadine acetate (Allegra), ethamidindole, baicalin, glycyrrhetic acid, justicidin D, euphol, and curine are few of the lead molecules found after docking 129 known antivirals, antimalarial, antiparasitic drugs and 992 natural products. Conclusions: These molecules could act as an effective inhibitory drug against COVID-19.
Assessment of adherence level for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia management by various physicians in ‎Iraq: a multi-clinic study
Authors: Hameed Numan Nafie , Yousif Hikmat Noori , Fawzi Hayder Adnan 
Published: June 2020

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a physiological process that occurs normally ‎for every infant to a varying degree. In some cases, this process becomes pathological ‎and imposes an increased risk of morbidity and mortality for the infant. The aim of this study was to assess the adherence level of various physicians to different guidelines ‎of management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Iraq. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in ‎multiple outpatient clinics in various Iraqi provinces, from February ‎‎2018 to ‎February 2019. ‎The study involved 130 physicians, who were divided into emergency physicians (EPs), general practitioners (GPs), and pediatricians (PDs), and assessed their compliance to guidelines for management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia using a questionnaire, which included providing the correct management for a test case scenario. Results: PDs had significantly longer discharge times compared to EPs and GPs. In total, ‎91.7‎% of PDs always tested the neonate for bilirubin levels ‎before discharge, while 5.5‎% of GPs and 0% of EP did so. Regarding follow-up visits, 16.7‎%, 4.8% and 45.2% of PDs, EPs and GPs, respectively, scheduled a follow-up between 49-72 hours; ‎47.6‎% and 38.1% of EPs scheduled a follow-up at ≤24 hours and 25-48 hours, respectively‎‏. In addition, 91.7% of PDs gave the correct answer for the management of the test ‎case scenario, followed by 58.9% of GPs, and 38.1% of ‎EPs‎‏.‏ About half of ‎PDs extended neonates length of stay beyond 48 ‎hours. Conclusion: GPs and EPs show lower adherence levels for the management of neonatal jaundice than PDs, which indicates that these physicians adhere well to current management guidelines from the WHO, ‎AAP, and NICE.
Costs of Job Rotation: Evidence from Mandatory Loan Officer Rotation
Authors: Bhowal Subhendu , Subramanian Krishnamurthy , Tantri Prasanna 
Published: June 2020

Job rotation inside an organization creates two conflicting effects. It disciplines agents by creating the fear that their successors may discover and report their hidden information. Thus, the agent takes actions that align with the principal’s objective. However, job rotation can create a moral hazard problem. If information is soft and therefore, nonverifiable, the principal cannot attribute blame to the agent or the successor. Agents shirk, thereby hurting performance. Thus, the importance of disciplining versus moral hazard effects depends on the availability of hard information. Using unique loan-level data, we show that job rotation hinders performance when the information is soft. This paper was accepted by Giesecke Kay, finance.