bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music Interventions for Disorders of Consciousness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Li Chunlin , Hu Na , Wang Ting 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Quantitative evidence for the effects of music on patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs) was presented. This study was based on available studies to summarize the effect estimates of music for DOC patients. METHODS: Three electronic databases were searched for studies that investigated the effects of music for DOC patients from start to July 2018. The summary results included functional scale, general physical indexes, electroencephalogram indexes, and favorable outcomes. The weighted mean difference and odds ratio with a corresponding 95% confidence interval were used to calculate continuous and frequency data using a random-effects model. This report adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS: Randomized controlled trials (3) and cohort studies (8) involving 201 DOC patients were included. Patients with DOCs receiving music interventions were associated with high levels of California Verbal Learning Test (P = .038) and persistent vegetative state (P < .001), whereas no significant differences were detected for agitated behavior scale (P = .982), Glasgow Coma Scale (P = .216), Mini-Mental State Examination (P = .215), music therapy in a vegetative or minimally conscious state (P = .590), and Stroop (P = 1.000). Furthermore, DOC patients receiving music intervention showed a significantly increased facial expression (P = .003) and reduced systolic blood pressure (P = .036), whereas no significant effects were observed on diastolic blood pressure (P = .777), heart rate (P = .666), oxygen saturation (P = .911), pulse (P = .899), respiratory frequency (P = .427), and temperature (P = .864). Moreover, music did not contribute significantly to electroencephalogram indexes including alpha (α), beta (β), delta (δ), and theta (θ) in the left and right hemispheres (P > .050). Finally, DOC patients receiving music intervention showed an increased incidence of favorable outcomes (P = .015). CONCLUSION: This quantitative meta-analysis indicated that music might play a critical role on the functional scale, general physical indexes, and favorable outcomes for DOC patients. Music therapy can easily be provided at the bedside by nurses working with DOC patients.
Medical Conditions and Crash Risk in Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers
Authors: Crizzle Alexander M. , Toxopeus Ryan , Alphonsus Khrisha 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between diagnosed medical conditions and prospective crashes in commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers.

Methods:
Three databases (demographics, medical conditions, and crashes) from the Saskatchewan Government Insurance (SGI) were linked and filtered to examine whether various medical diagnoses were associated with prospective crashes from 2007 to 2017. Univariate and cox proportional hazard analysis were calculated for medical conditions and their association with crash risk.

Results:
Crashes occurred on average within 2 years following a medical diagnosis. Between 16% and 21% of drivers with diabetes, vision impairment, sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease crashed post diagnosis.

Conclusions:
Licensing authorities and policy makers should consider further assessment if a CMV driver has been diagnosed with either diabetes or multiple sclerosis.
Patients with elevated blood pressure or stage 1 hypertension have structural heart disease
Authors: Ghany Reyan , Palacio Ana , Chen Gordon , Dawkins Elissa , Forbes Emancia , Tajiri Thiago , Tamariz Leonardo 
Published: May 2020

Background
The 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations lower the hypertension threshold to 130/80 mmHg and recommends treatment for high-risk patients. Our aim is to determine whether the new blood pressure categories are associated with left ventricular (LV) structural changes and whether echocardiograms can provide risk stratification and help treatment initiation.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study and performed screening echocardiograms to consecutive primary care patients. We calculated the Framingham score to identify patients with a low or intermediate score who had structural heart disease.
We classified everyone as having normal, elevated blood pressure, stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines. We defined structural heart disease as having LV hypertrophy and an abnormal LV mass index.

Results
We included 16 650 patients who underwent a screening echocardiogram and had recorded blood pressure. Out of the 16 650 patients, 1465 patients had a normal blood pressure, 1382 had elevated blood pressure, 1333 had stage 1 hypertension, and the remainder had stage 2 hypertension. The adjusted odds ratios of having structural heart disease for elevated blood pressure and stage 1 hypertension were 1.30; 95% CI, 1.112–1.64; P < 0.01 and 1.69; 95% CI, 1.25–2.30; P < 0.01, respectively. We identified 542 patients with stage 1 hypertension who had a low or intermediate Framingham score and 19% (95% CI, 16–23%) had structural heart disease.

Conclusion
A quarter of patients identified as having elevated blood pressure or stage 1 hypertension have structural heart disease. Screening echocardiograms may help to risk stratify those patients deemed ineligible for treatment.
Effect of blood insulin level on postprandial hypotension in elderly people
Authors: Hu Hui , Qiao Wei , Wang Xi , Wang Yunyun , Li Ying , Wang Kejing , Liu Shuang 
Published: May 2020

Objectives
The aim of the study is to discuss the effect of postprandial insulin level on blood pressure in elderly patients by comparing the blood pressure, blood glucose, and insulin levels between patients with postprandial hypotension (PPH) and non-PPH over 80 years old during fasting and within 2 h after meal, and observing the changes of parameters in patients with PPH before and after treatment with acarbose.

Methods and materials
Twenty-five PPH patients and 27 non-PPH patients were selected. The blood pressure, blood glucose, and insulin levels during fasting and within 2 h after meal were monitored. Patients with PPH were treated with acarbose. All parameters were checked one week later.

Results
(1) Preprandial blood pressure in PPH group was significantly higher than that in non-PPH group (152.00 ± 15.62 mmHg vs. 136.40 ± 14.12 mmHg, P < 0.05). (2) The maximum decrease of postprandial systolic blood pressure (SBP) in PPH group was significantly increased compared with that of the control group (32.20 ± 13.19 mmHg vs. 9.67 ± 8.38 mmHg, P < 0.05). The maximum increases of postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels were significantly higher in PPH group than in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) After acarbose treatment, the decrease of postprandial SBP in PPH group was significantly reduced compared with that before treatment (22.67 ± 6.98 mmHg vs. 32.60 ± 9.55 mmHg, P < 0.05); the increase of postprandial blood glucose was also significantly reduced in PPH group (2.37 ± 1.63 mmol/L vs. 3.39 ± 1.62 mmol/L, P < 0.05); the increase of postprandial insulin level was reduced significantly in PPH group (12.09 ± 3.96 mU/L vs. 22.33 ± 1.78 mU/L, P < 0.05). (4) There was no correlation between the maximum decrease of postprandial SBP and the maximum increase of blood glucose (r = −0.008, P = 0.961), but the maximum decrease of postprandial SBP was positively correlated with the maximum increase of insulin (r = 0.381, P = 0.032).

Conclusion
PPH tends to occur in elderly people with elevated basal blood pressure before meal. PPH is associated with an abnormal increase of postprandial insulin secretion. Reducing the increase of postprandial insulin is one of the mechanisms of acarbose in the treatment of PPH.
Simplified dual time point FDG-PET/computed tomography for determining dignity of pancreatic lesions
Authors: Bieg Christian , Mongelli Francesco , Peterli Ralph , Chirindel Alin-Florin , Metzger Jürg , von Flüe Markus , Gass Markus 
Published: May 2020

Background
Predicting the dignity of pancreatic lesions is still a diagnostic challenge. The differentiation between benign changes in chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer remains difficult. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether early dual time point kinetics of pancreatic lesions in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) may be helpful to differentiate pancreatic lesions.

Methods
We prospectively analyzed 64 patients (pancreatic cancer n = 45 and chronic pancreatitis n = 19) scheduled for dual time point FDG-PET/computed tomography scan for pancreatic lesions from 2005 to 2014. Studies were performed 60 and 90 minutes after application of 18F-FDG. Histological samples were collected for all patients, either by resection or by biopsy. Semiquantitative analysis was performed using the minimum, the maximum, and the average standardized uptake value (SUV) from the two different sets of images. To increase sensitivity and specificity, a formula addressing the weighting of standardized uptake values was created.

Results
With a sensitivity of 82.6%, specificity of 77.8%, accuracy of 79.7%, positive predictive value of 90.5%, and negative predictive value of 63.6% SUVmax@time1 > 3.45 was the most reliable single quantitative parameter for malignancy of the pancreatic lesions. Weighting of standardized uptake values produced a formula that showed an even better profile.

Conclusions
In patients with suspicious pancreatic lesions, the simplified dual time point FDG-PET/computed tomography may represent a valuable diagnostic tool in characterizing pancreatic lesions.
Child and Parent Mental Health Problems in Pediatric Celiac Disease
Authors: Giannakopoulos Georgios , Margoni Daphne , Chouliaras Giorgos , Panayiotou Joanna , Zellos Aglaia , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Liakopoulou Magda , Chrousos Giorgos , Kanaka‐Gantenbein Christina , Kolaitis Gerasimos , Roma Eleftheria 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of our study was to estimate the levels of mental health problems in children with celiac disease (CD) along with their parents’ mental health status, to compare these levels with those of healthy controls and to investigate how these problems are affected by a gluten‐free diet (GFD).Methods:Our study constituted 50 patients with CD at diagnosis before the initiation of a GFD (age 8.6 ± 3.7 years, group A), 39 patients with CD on a GFD for at least 12 months (age 10.4 ± 3.4 years, group B) and 38 healthy controls (age 7.7 ± 3.8 years, group C), as well as their parents. One of the parents of each child completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL‐90‐R) to evaluate the children's and parents’ mental health problems, respectively. Twenty patients in group A were reevaluated at least 12 months after initiation of a GFD (group D).Results:At diagnosis, CD patients had higher scores in the CBCL for internalizing problems than healthy controls (55.7 ± 10.3 vs 47.9 ± 15.4, P = 0.007) and their parents demonstrated increased severity of mental health problems, including anxiety and depression, than the parents of healthy controls (0.72 ± 0.49 vs 0.54 ± 0.58, P = 0.013).Conclusions:CD patients at diagnosis and their parents, had more mental health problems, including anxiety and depression, than healthy controls.
The Association Between Caesarean Section and Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood and Young Adulthood
Authors: Burnett David , Brown Mary Margaret , Otley Anthony , Kuhle Stefan 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to examine the association of Caesarean section (CS) with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Nova Scotian children.Methods:The study consisted of 2 retrospective cohorts in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia: all births between 1988 and 2014 (n = 262,729) linked with a clinical registry of all children diagnosed with IBD at the IWK Health Centre, Halifax (Clinical Cohort) and all births from 1989 to 1993 (n = 42,999) linked with provincial administrative health data (Administrative Cohort). The primary outcome was a diagnosis of IBD; the outcome in the Administrative Cohort was ascertained using a previously validated algorithm. Information on the exposures and confounding variables was obtained from the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database. The association between CS and time to diagnosis of IBD was examined using survival analysis.Results:The population incidence of IBD in the Clinical and Administrative Cohort were 13.0 and 20.6, respectively, per 100,000 person‐years; 23% and 19% of children were born by CS in the 2 cohorts. There was no association of CS with IBD in the 2 cohorts.Conclusions:Findings from 2 population‐based cohorts in Atlantic Canada did not provide any evidence for an association between CS and IBD in childhood and young adulthood.
A Micro‐longitudinal Approach to Measuring Medication Adherence in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Plevinsky Jill M. , Denson Lee A. , Hellmann Jenny , Minar Phillip , Rosen Michael J. , Hommel Kevin A. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTMeasuring medication adherence in pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is challenging because of complexities in personalized treatment regimens and increased use of biologic mono‐ and combination therapy. Objective measurement of adherence via electronic monitoring is the gold standard; however, it is not useful for daily monitoring when multiple medication formulations (eg, pills, injections, infusions) as well as vitamins/supplements are prescribed. Although validated subjective measures are available, they are not designed for daily use and do not capture day‐to‐day variation in adherence. In the following article, a new approach to measuring adherence regardless of a patient's specific medication regimen is presented. Utilizing a micro‐longitudinal design, 30 days of daily self‐reported medication adherence data was collected from youth with IBD via text message. Results reflect mean adherence rates from studies utilizing pill counts and electronic monitoring, suggesting promise for the use of self‐reported daily diaries to assess medication adherence in pediatric IBD.
Physician Assistant's Knowledge and Confidence Regarding Prescribing Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention
Authors: Bunting Samuel R. , Miller Kathleen W. , Chappell Rachel , Goldstein Robert H. , DeJean Olivia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Physician assistants (PAs) have an important role to play in increasing preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prescriptions. We surveyed PAs regarding knowledge of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for PrEP and confidence regarding PrEP. Physician assistants in primary care reported more accurate knowledge and higher confidence. However, knowledge and confidence gaps were present among all PAs, regardless of specialty.
Position Paper
Authors: Davis Gregory G. , Cadwallader Amy B. , Fligner Corinne L. , Gilson Thomas P. , Hall Emma R. , Harshbarger Kent E. , Kronstrand Robert , Mallak Craig T. , McLemore Jerri L. , Middleberg Robert A. , Middleton Owen L. , Nelson Lewis S. , Rogalska Agnieszka , Tonsfeldt Eric , Walterscheid Jeff P. , Winecker Ruth E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe National Association of Medical Examiners convened an expert panel to update the association's evidence-based recommendations for investigating and certifying deaths associated with opioids and other misused substances to improve death certificate and mortality data for public health surveillance. The recommendations are as follows:1. Autopsy provides the best information on a decedent's medical condition for optimal interpretation of toxicology results, circumstances surrounding death, medical history, and scene findings. The panel considers autopsy an essential component of investigating apparent overdose deaths.2. Scene investigation includes reconciling prescription information and medication counts. Investigators should note drug paraphernalia or other evidence of using intoxicating substances.3. Retain blood, urine, and vitreous humor whenever available. Blood from the iliofemoral vein is preferable to blood from more central sites.4. A toxicological panel should be comprehensive, including potent depressant, stimulant, and antidepressant medications. Detecting novel substances present in the community may require special testing.5. When death is attributed to a drug or combination of drugs (as cause or contributing factor), the certifier should list the drugs by generic name in the autopsy report and death certificate.6. The best classification for manner of death in an overdose without any apparent intent of self-harm is “accident.”
Tissue Thickness Interferes With the Estimation of the Immunohistochemical Intensity: Introduction of a Control System for Managing Tissue Thickness
Authors: Masuda Shinobu , Suzuki Ryohei , Kitano Yuriko , Nishimaki Haruna , Kobayashi Hiroko , Nakanishi Yoko , Yokoi Hideo 
Published: May 2020

Context and Objective:
The conversion of immunohistochemical (IHC) results from 3-dimensional tissue to a 2-dimensional visual image without considering tissue thickness poses a considerable risk of misleading IHC intensities. The present study aimed to clarify whether tissue thickness interferes with the estimation of IHC staining intensity and to introduce a control system to manage it.

Design:
We prepared cell lines that are used as controls for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) IHC (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-175VII, MDA-MV-453, and SK-BR-3), a polyclonal antibody for HER2, an interferometry to measure the tissue thickness of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, a microscope with a Halogen or an LED light source, a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor camera in which the output signal can be corrected to γ=1, and a program to estimate color elements (hue, saturation, and luminance). It was examined whether tissue thickness interferes with the experimental scoring systems and practical classification of the routine HER2 scoring system.

Results:
A noncellular control was shown to be better than a cellular control for managing tissue thickness. The IHC intensity for HER2 was correlated with tissue thickness (R
2=0.8094), even under the less-standardized condition, but this correlation was better under the improved standardized condition using corrected γ=1 (R
2=0.9282). Discrepancies in practical HER2 scores were increased in sections with thicknesses <2 and >5 μm. A control system to manage tissue thickness was introduced.

Conclusions:
Tissue thickness interferes with the estimation of the IHC intensity of HER2 in both experimental and practical scoring systems. A control system for managing tissue thickness is essential to increase the benefits of IHC as a standardized assay for clinical applications.
Technological Advances of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Today's Healthcare Environment
Authors: Nikolaou Konstantin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Are we reacting adequately to a constantly changing clinical and scientific environment, regarding our patients, the economy, or new technologies, such as artificial intelligence? The authors of this review article have identified 3 major challenges regarding the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our clinical practice today and tomorrow: (1) the need for faster acquisitions, optimized workflows, and higher patient throughput, making MRI broadly available and applicable, also under the light of rising economic pressure; (2) adaptation to the demographic change, tailoring protocols, and procedures to the needs of an aging and multimorbid patient population; and (3) providing quantifiable data, reproducible imaging biomarkers, and integrated artificial intelligence algorithms, to make MRI an integral part of modern precision medicine. The authors conclude that with constant advances in MR technology, workflow and scanning efficiency can be optimized, while providing consistent, high-quality personalized examination results at the same time.
Right Atrial Intimal Sarcoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Janssen Nick , Verheyen Jef , Albert Adrien 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A right atrial mass was discovered with transthoracic cardiac ultrasound in a complaint-free, 81-year-old man at his yearly cardiological checkup. Further investigation of the mass with transesophageal cardiac ultrasound showed a well-defined nodular mass of approximately 3 × 3 cm, in close proximity to the posterior wall of the right atrium. The patient underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT, which showed a right atrial mass with very high FDG uptake, suggesting a malignant process. The mass was surgically removed, and anatomopathological assessment revealed an intimal sarcoma, which is a very malignant tumor and an extremely rare occurrence at this location.
PSMA Expression in the Neovasculature Associated With Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sonni Ida , Caron Justin , Kishan Amar U. , Muthusamy V. Raman , Calais Jeremie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We report the case of a 63-year-old man who underwent MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for biochemical recurrence localization after radical prostatectomy (serum PSA, 0.25 ng/mL) and describe the incidental discovery of a rectal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis showed PSMA staining in the tumor-associated neovasculature, but not in normal vasculature, or tumor cells. After surgical removal, he was treated with salvage radiotherapy to the postoperative prostate bed. This case example has several implications: the findings confirm the expression of PSMA in the tumor-associated neovasculature of a rectal cancer, nonprostate cancers’ stroma may represent a potentially relevant target for nuclear theranostics.
Extensive Intraspinal Hypermetabolism Caused by Neurobrucellosis Shown on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Wu Meiqi , Cui Ruixue , Li Fang , Huo Li , Luo Yaping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A 55-year-old man and a 52-year-old man presenting with neurological symptoms were referred for 18F-FDG PET/CT for the underlying malignancy. In both cases, extensive intraspinal hypermetabolism was observed in 18F-FDG PET/CT. The cerebrospinal fluid culture finally confirmed infection of Brucella. This report illustrates that neurobrucellosis may present as intraspinal hypermetabolism on 18F-FDG PET/CT, and thus it should be added to the differential diagnosis.