bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge regarding cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese medical students
Authors: Jiang Xintong , Wang Xun , Yang Mengxi , Sun Li , Jin Jiangli , An Shuoyan , Feng Dongping , Zhou Mo , Wang Yu , Gao Si , Ren Jingyi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background A comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is the foundation of CVD prevention and treatment. This study assessed the awareness of CVD risk factors and treatment among Chinese medical students. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 48 3 rd year medical students who had finished preclinical course of medicine and 61 4 th year medical students who had finished their rotation in Internal Medicine’s Ambulatory Medicine clerkship from Peking University. The knowledge of CVD risk factors and therapeutic strategy was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Results Only about 50% of the 4 th year students knew the target value of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for diabetic patients and blood pressure for high-risk patients, while the proportions in 3 rd year students were 20.8% and 29.2%, respectively. Although more than 90% students would prescribe cholesterol-lowering therapy to high-risk patients, few students knew the therapy of hypertriglyceridemia (2.1% and 27.9% of 3 rd and 4 th year students, respectively, p =0.001) or combined dyslipidemia. The awareness of their own lipid profile or blood glucose level was not as good as their blood pressure. Conclusions There is an urgent need to improve the knowledge of CVD risk factors and the details of therapeutic strategies among Chinese medical students.
Augmented Reality in the Formation of Minimal Incision Podiatric Surgery.
Authors: Ferrer-Torregrosa Javier , Lorca-Gutiérrez Rubén , Martí-Martínez Luis Miguel , Fernández-Ehrling Nadia , Jiménez-Rodríguez Miguel Angel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: This project shows that the use of augmented reality (AR) technology in the study of podiatric surgery has a positive impact on student outcomes. AR technology can help to enrich the information that provides elements such as X-rays or other diagnostic tools.METHODS : A didactic material with augmented reality was created through the use of markers for the course subjects of Surgical Techniques II, e.g., the topic of hallux valgus surgery, and was compared with the didactic material for 5th metatarsal surgery using PowerPoint and video. The comparison was assessed by a validated questionnaire after providing 2 hours of teaching for each of the subjects to 80 students in a master of surgery program during the 2013-2017 academic years.RESULTS: Analysis of the components of the questionnaire showed that component 1. training, attention and motivation; component 2. freelance work; and component 4. 3D compression were statistically significant at p < 0.05. However, component 3, which compared the technologies used with cadaveric material, was not statistically significant regarding any of its items.CONCLUSION: The current study shows that using augmented reality technology for the study of minimally invasive surgery of the foot increases the attention, the motivation and therefore the learning of the students, in addition to providing three-dimensional images of the surgical movements that are more accurate regarding reality.
Adjuvant pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy and concurrent docetaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy for postoperative cervical cancer with adverse risk factors: a retrospective report on toxicity and outcome in a single institution
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , He Fangfang , Zhang Youzhong , Wu Haijian , Wang Qingwei , Wang Cong , Fu Chunli 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: To retrospectively assess the toxicity of delivering postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent cisplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy to patients with cervical cancer and adverse risk factors.Methods: Every patient received postoperative IMRT and concurrent cisplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy. The clinical target volume (CTV) included the regional lymph node regions (obturator, common, internal, and external iliacs and presacral and para-aortic regions); the upper 2.0 cm of the vagina; and paravaginal soft tissue lateral to the vagina. Acute and late toxicities were scored using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) late radiation morbidity scoring criteria, respectively.Results: Seventy-six patients were treated with postoperative IMRT and concurrent cisplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy. The median follow-up was 32 months. Eight patients (10.5%) had recurrence—loco-regional recurrence in four patients (5.3%) and distant metastasis in four (5.2%). Acute grade ≥3 gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity occurred in one and five patients, respectively. One patient (1.3%) suffered from late grade 3 toxicities. Seventeen patients experienced ovarian transposition, 14 (82%) of whom maintained ovarian function. Seventy-four patients (97.4%) were alive at the last follow-up.Conclusions: Concurrent cisplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy with postoperative IMRT was safe and well tolerated, with acceptable acute and late toxicities. Moreover, the distant metastases control rates were encouraging, although loco-regional failure continued to be the primary mode of failure. Postoperative IMRT provides an opportunity to preserve endocrine function for patients with ovarian transposition.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of transarterial chemoembolization combined with stereotactic body radiation therapy versus transarterial chemoembolization for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma: A markov modelling study
Authors: wang haiyin , Gc Vijay , Zhang Sheng , Jin chunlin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) might both provide survival benefits for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Adopting combined therapy as a solution carries major cost and resource implications. We aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of TACE plus SBRT and TACE alone in inoperable HCC. Methods A Markov model was constructed in a hypothetical cohort of patients aged 60 years with inoperable HCC and Child-Pugh A/B cirrhosis over a lifetime frame. Two strategies (TACE plus SBRT and TACE) were compared. Transition probabilities, utility and costs were extracted from published literature. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were measured. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Results TACE plus SBRT and TACE respectively produced 12.26 and 9.67 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The ICER of TACE plus SBRT versus TACE was $3,133/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis revealed that the utility of TACE combined with SBRT progress survival, probability of death from progress survival in TACE, and the initial cost of TACE combined with SBRT were the most sensitive parameters. The Monte-Carlo simulation demonstrated that the probability of cost-effectiveness at a willingness to pay threshold of US$ 29,440 per QALY was 95% and 5% for TACE plus SBRT and TACE. Conclusions This study indicated that TACE plus SBRT is cost-effective compared to TACE for inoperable HCC patients at a willingness to pay threshold as defined by WHO guidelines in China.
Upregulation of miRNA-202 promotes apoptosis and inhibits migration of glioma cell line via downregulation of ROCK1 gene
Authors: Behzadi Mousa , Hatami Hamed , Alian Fatemeh , Shojaee Maryam , Alimohammadi Masoumeh , Alizadeh-Fanalou Shahin , karami jafar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: We evaluated role(s) of miR-202 in glioma cell lines, its effect on ROCK1 expression, and also evaluation of apoptosis and migration of human glioma cell line after transfection with miR-202 mimics and inhibitors. Material and methods: The cell lines were transfected with mimic, inhibitor and NC of miR-202. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to evaluate the expression of miR‐202 and ROCK1 . Western blot was performed to detect the protein level of ROCK1. Furthermore, MTT and wound healing assay were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-202 on apoptosis and migration of human glioma cell line, respectively. Results: miR-202 showed a significantly decrease in human glioma cell lines, compared with the NHA cell line (P<0.05). The ROCK1 expression was significantly upregulated in glioma cell lines, compared with the NHA cell line ( P <0.05). Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between expression of ROCK1 and miR-202 ( P =0.01, r=-0.426). The mRNA and protein levels of ROCK1 were decreased in U87 cell line in miR-202 mimics group, compared with mimic NC group (P<0.05). In addition, apoptosis was significantly increased in miR-202 mimics, compared with the NC group in U87 cell line at 72 and 96 h (P<0.05). Furthermore, invasion showed a significant decrease in miR-202 mimic group, compared with U87 cell line at 24 and 48 h (P<0.05). Conclusions: The miR-202 could serve as a tumour-suppressor miRNA in glioma. Therefore, targeting ROCK1 by miR-202 may increase improve disease outcome and could be considered as a potential therapeutic target for glioma patients.
PHOX2B expression in bone marrow and peripheral blood is associated with metastasis and prognosis in patients with neuroblastoma
Authors: Fan Hongjun , Xing Tianyu , Hong Huimin , Duan Chao , Zhao Wen , Zhao Qian , Wang Xisi , Huang Cheng , Zhu Shuai , Jin Mei , Su Yan , Gao Chao , Ma Xiaoli 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Paired-like homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) is specifically expressed in the nervous system including neuroblastoma cells, but little is known about the clinical significance of the expression of PHOX2B in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples of newly diagnosed neuroblastoma patients. Methods The expression of PHOX2B in 276 paired BM and PB samples of neuroblastoma patients at diagnosis was tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Then the relationship between PHOX2B level and clinical characteristics including metastasis and prognosis was explored by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Kaplan-Meier method. Results We identified the combined expression of PHOX2B in both BM and PB provided a high diagnostic accuracy for metastasis of neuroblastoma patients (AUC = 0.920) with the sensitivity and specificity of 86.7% and 92.9%, respectively. At last, 246 patients were enrolled for prognostic analysis. The median follow-up time was 22 months. Positive expressions of PHOX2B in BM and PB at diagnosis were associated with worse EFS and OS in neuroblastoma patients (P < 0.05). What’s worse, 19.7% (31/157) and 6.4% (10/157) patients with positive expression of PHOX2B in BM and PB samples in low/intermediate-risk group also had shorter EFS and poor OS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expressions of PHOX2B in BM and PB were high in patients with unfavorable clinical characteristics. PHOX2B could be an appropriate biomarker for predicting metastasis and prognosis in patients with neuroblastoma.
Effects of the Hallux Valgus Angle on One-Leg Stance and Gait Parameters in Young Adults: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Ji Minkyung , Park Hyodong , Lee Heeyeon , Yoo Minjoo , Ko Eunsan , Woo Youngkeun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Hallux valgus (HV) is the most common musculoskeletal deformity of the foot. This deformity is accompanied with pain and continues to decrease one’s quality of life. Furthermore, HV has been reported to affect gait ability and static stability. This study aimed to compare one-leg stance and gait between people with and without HV, and to investigate the effect of the HV angle on one-leg stance and gait ability. Methods Forty young adults with HV (6 men, 34 women) were enrolled. In the HV and normal groups, people who had undergone surgery or were unable to participate in the study because of pain in the lower extremity were excluded. Using the Zebris FDM model 1.5 (Zebris Medical GmbH, Isny, Germany), we analyzed gait parameters and one-leg stance in all subject to compare gait and static balance between the normal and HV groups. The obtained data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test to determine differences in one-leg stance and gait parameters between the group groups. In addition, a simple regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of the HV angle on one-leg stance and gait parameters. The significance level was set at ɑ=0.05. Results Significant differences were found in sway length and time change from the heel to forefoot during walking between the normal and HV groups. Most parameters were not associated with the HV angle, but a few one-leg stance and gait parameters were significantly associated with the HV angle. Conclusions These results suggest that most one-leg stance and gait parameters were not significantly affected by the HV angle in young adults; however, a few parameters were significantly different between the normal and HV groups. Because walking is a repetitive movement, young adults with HV could potentially have cumulative damage of the feet in later stages of life.
Potential value of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with bone sarcomas
Authors: Hu Hongzhi , Huang Xin , Yang Wenbo , Wang Shangyu , Zeng Qianwen , Li Yubin , Wang Baichuan , Shao Zengwu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates the important value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in various cancers. In this meta-analysis, we will explore the potential role of pretreatment NLR in patients with bone sarcomas. Methods A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases for relevant articles was performed with the deadline of December 29, 2019. The hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between NLR and overall survival (OS) in patients with bone sarcomas. Results A total of 1131 patients in 6 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HR of 2.26 (95%CI: 1.83-2.69, p<0.001) indicated that an elevated NLR had an unfavourable eﬀect on OS. Subgroup analyses showed that elevated NLR was related to poor OS in patients with bone sarcomas, regardless of the type of cancer, ethnicity, sample size (≥200 or <200), the cut-off value for NLR (≥3 or <3), follow-up time (≥30 or <30) and paper quality (NOS scores ≥8 or <8). Additionally, the results of diagnosis analysis suggested that NLR had a relatively high diagnostic accuracy for bone sarcoma patients. Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggest that an elevated NLR is associated with poor survival of patients with bone sarcomas. Moreover, NLR had a relatively high diagnostic accuracy for bone sarcoma patients. All these findings suggest NLR might be a promising biomarker in the management of bone sarcomas.
Prevalence of Legionella spp. and Escherichia coli in the drinking water distribution system of Wrocław (Poland)
Authors: Wolf-Baca M. , Siedlecka A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Drinking water should be free from bacterial pathogens that threaten human health. The most recognised waterborne opportunistic pathogens, dwelling in tap water, are Legionella pneumophila and Escherichia coli. Drinking water samples were tested for the presence of Legionella spp., L. pneumophila, and E. coli in overall sample microbiomes using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) approach. The results indicate a rather low contribution of Legionella spp. in total bacteria in the tested samples, but L. pneumophila was not detected in any sample. E. coli was detected in only one sample, but at a very low level. The qacEΔ1 gene, conferring resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, was also not detected in any sample. The results point to generally sufficient quality of drinking water, although the presence of Legionella spp. in tap water samples suggests proliferation of these bacteria in heating units, causing a potential threat to consumer health.
Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of Ciprofloxacin in the Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) Model in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Reniguntla Mahesh Kumar , Yedle Randhir , Puttaswamy Ramesh , Puttarangappa Pradeep , Hiremath Somashekharayya , Pawar Avinash , Nanjundappa Mahesh , Jayaraman Ramesh 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The translation of Pharmacokinetics (PK)/Pharmacodynamics (PD) from preclinical models
to the clinic has not been studied in detail for drugs used to treat complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI).

Objective:
The PK/PD of Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a drug used to treat cUTI, was evaluated in a mouse model of cUTI
infected with Escherichia coli, and compared with clinical PK/PD in cUTI patients.

Methods:
Streptozotocin induced diabetic female BALB/c mice were infected transurethrally with Escherichia coli.
Four hours post infection, CIP oral doses of 3, 10, 30,100, and 300 mg/kg, were administered as single doses (for PK
and dose response) and repeated doses (PD and PK/PD). Bacterial burden in kidneys, bladder, urine, body temperature,
and other clinical signs were assessed twenty-four hours post-treatment.

Results:
CIP displayed linear PK with dose proportional increase in Cmax and AUCinf in plasma. In PD time course
studies, CIP showed rapid onset, intensity and duration of anti-bacterial effect in target tissues. In intrinsic PD studies,
CIP showed a maximum effect at plasma AUC/MIC=1705 (300 mg/kg, twice daily) for bacterial load in bladder
(r2=0.979), kidney (r2=0.951) and rectal temperature (r2=0.67). A plasma AUC/MIC ratio of 412 was associated with
maximum PD effect of Imax=3.7 Log10CFU/bladder and Imax=1.97 Log10CFU/kidney. In dose fractionation studies,
plasma AUC/MIC ratio showed highest correlation with efficacy in bladder (r2=0.77) and kidney (r2=0.80) followed
by Cmax/MIC ratio in bladder (r2=0.68).

Conclusion:
Plasma AUC/MIC showed the highest correlation with the efficacy of Ciprofloxacin on E. coli in diabetic
mice with cUTI.
A Review on High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Metformin
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Garg Sonali , Sharma Pratima , Sud Dhiraj 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The presence of pharmaceuticals (PACs) drugs in the environment and their
detection and quantification have emerged as one of the challenging issues for the scientific community.

Introduction:
The gold standard, an anti-diabetic drug, Metformin has a strong potential to contaminate the aquatic bodies, being a highly polar drug. Different analytical methods based on spectroscopic evaluation or chromatographic techniques have been developed to find out the concentration of drug/ their metabolites.

Methods:
This review article discussed the chromatographic techniques for analysis of Metformin (in ng/L to μg/L) in aqueous samples, pharmaceutical drugs and biological fluids such as urine and human plasma are High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC), High-Performance Thin-layer Chromatography (HPTLC), Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography HILIC–MS/MS, Liquid Chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS), Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC).

Result:
The relevance modifications of traditional HPLC methods for separation of the mixture of drugs with a focus on the lesser time, better resolution, sensitivity, symmetry of peaks, the limit of detection and accuracy of the results has been envisaged through research findings. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) – tandem mass spectrometry method offered the possible solution for highly polar drugs detection and quantification in effluent and surface water samples.

Conclusion:
HPLC based analytical techniques offer the advantages viz. less time requirement, minimum usage of organic solvents and better separation and quantification of Metformin. The futuristic research approach lies in the development of newer extraction strategies, mobile phases and adsorbent materials for the HPLC based separations.
Effects of ADJUVANT Ketamine on Induction of Anesthesia for the Cesarean Section
Authors: Moradkhani Mahmoudreza , Hejri Paridokht , Nadri Sedigheh , Beiranvand Siavash 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The cesarean section has shown an increasing trend within the past few
years. The use of appropriate and effective anesthesia for the procedure is important, not only to
reduce the incidence of maternal and fetal morbidities but also to reduce the incidence of intraoperative
consciousness. The aim of this study is to evaluate the intraoperative and postoperative
effects of adjuvant ketamine, when used in combination with general anesthesia.

Methods:
The study was conducted on the patients referred to Asali hospital for the cesarean section.
100 patients were assigned into two groups. Patients in Group A received thiopental (4 mg /
kg) as an anesthetic agent for the surgery, whereas those in group B received thiopental along with
0.5 mg/kg of intravenous ketamine. The effects of ketamine, such as depth of anesthesia, intraoperative
and postoperative awareness, vomiting and hallucination were recorded in the questionnaire
and data were statistically analyzed using SPSS v25.

Results:
Of 100 patients in group A, 10 of them were not deeply unconscious. 40 patients in group
A and 25 in group B had intraoperative awareness. Depth of anesthesia was significantly associated
with the use of ketamine (p = 0.0017) 1 patient in group A and 3 in group B had vomiting and 1
patient in group B was presented with the hallucinations. These parameters were not significantly
associated with the dose of ketamine (p = 0.5).

Conclusion:
Overall use of ketamine is associated with better sedation and no significant side effects,
with low doses of ketamine, were seen in our study. Comparative studies using other analgesics,
with larger sample size, are therefore recommended.