bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of replacing fish oil with palm oil in diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on muscle biochemical composition, enzyme activities, and mRNA expression of growth-related genes
Authors: Ayisi Christian Larbi , Zhao Jinliang , Yame Chen , Apraku Andrews , Debra Grace 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundDue to the continuous demand for fish coupled with decline in capture fisheries, there is the need to increase aquaculture production to meet the demand. Aquaculture is faced with high cost of feeding since fish oil and fish meal are expensive. In view of this, there are calls to explore alternatives that are cheap and reliable.ObjectivesThis study onOreochromis niloticuswas conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with palm oil (PO) at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% on muscle fatty acid and proximate composition as well as growth-related enzyme activities and mRNA expression.MethodsOreochromis niloticuswere fed five experimental diets (33% crude protein and 10% crude lipid) for 8 weeks. Feed had variation in fish oil and palm oil contents. After the 8 weeks feeding trial, five fish were sampled from each tank (15 from each treatment) and euthanized using an excess dose of tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222 at 200 mg/L). Fatty acid and enzyme activities were analyzed using standard protocols. Also, RT-qPCR was used to quantify the expression levels of selected growth-related genes.ResultsFish fed 25% PO recorded the least muscle protein content and was significantly lower than the group fed 100% PO. Paired box protein 7 (Pax-7) enzyme activity was significantly higher in the group fed 50% PO compared to the groups fed 25% PO and 100% PO, while caplain-3 (Capn-3) was significantly lower in the group fed 0% PO compared to all other groups. There was a significant difference among treatments with respect to mRNA expression of Pax-7 and Capn-3. Group fed 25% PO had significantly lower mRNA expression of Pax-7, while the group fed 75% PO recorded significantly higher mRNA expression of Capn-3 compared to groups fed 0% PO, 25% PO, and 100% PO. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that Igf-I and Igf-II mRNA expression have significant correlation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids content in muscle.ConclusionThe results suggest muscle protein content could be modified if FO is replaced with PO. Also, mRNA expression of Pax-7 and Capn-3 is affected by replacing FO with PO.
In Situ Analysis Reveals That CFTR Is Expressed in Only a Small Minority of β-Cells in Normal Adult Human Pancreas
Authors: White Michael G , Maheshwari Rashmi R , Anderson Scott J , Berlinguer-Palmini Rolando , Jones Claire , Richardson Sarah J , Rotti Pavana G , Armour Sarah L , Ding Yuchun , Krasnogor Natalio , Engelhardt John F , Gray Mike A , Morgan Noel G , Shaw James A M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
Although diabetes affects 40% to 50% of adults with cystic fibrosis, remarkably little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms leading to impaired pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion. Efforts toward improving the functional β-cell deficit in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) have been hampered by an incomplete understanding of whether β-cell function is intrinsically regulated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Definitively excluding meaningful CFTR expression in human β-cells in situ would contribute significantly to the understanding of CFRD pathogenesis.

Objective
To determine CFTR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression within β-cells in situ in the unmanipulated human pancreas of donors without any known pancreatic pathology.

Design
In situ hybridization for CFTR mRNA expression in parallel with insulin immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence co-localization of CFTR with insulin and the ductal marker, Keratin-7 (KRT7), were undertaken in pancreatic tissue blocks from 10 normal adult, nonobese deceased organ donors over a wide age range (23–71 years) with quantitative image analysis.

Results
CFTR mRNA was detectable in a mean 0.45% (range 0.17%–0.83%) of insulin-positive cells. CFTR protein expression was co-localized with KRT7. One hundred percent of insulin-positive cells were immunonegative for CFTR.

Conclusions
For the first time, in situ CFTR mRNA expression in the unmanipulated pancreas has been shown to be present in only a very small minority (&lt;1%) of normal adult β-cells. These data signal a need to move away from studying endocrine-intrinsic mechanisms and focus on elucidation of exocrine–endocrine interactions in human cystic fibrosis.
Serum Metabolome of Coffee Consumption and its Association With Bone Mineral Density: The Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study
Authors: Chau Yin-Pan , Au Philip C M , Li Gloria H Y , Sing Chor-Wing , Cheng Vincent K F , Tan Kathryn C B , Kung Annie W C , Cheung Ching-Lung 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Inconsistent associations between coffee consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) have been observed in epidemiological studies. Moreover, the relationship of bioactive components in coffee with BMD has not been studied. The aim of the current study is to identify coffee-associated metabolites and evaluate their association with BMD.

Methods
Two independent cohorts totaling 564 healthy community-dwelling adults from the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study (HKOS) who visited in 2001–2010 (N = 329) and 2015–2016 (N = 235) were included. Coffee consumption was self-reported in an food frequency questionnaire. Untargeted metabolomic profiling on fasting serum samples was performed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry platforms. BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable linear regression and robust regression were used for the association analyses.

Results
12 serum metabolites were positively correlated with coffee consumption after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing (P &lt; 4.87 × 10–5), with quinate, 3-hydroxypyridine sulfate, and trigonelline (N’-methylnicotinate) showing the strongest association. Among these metabolites, 11 known metabolites were previously identified to be associated with coffee intake and 6 of them were related to caffeine metabolism. Habitual coffee intake was positively and significantly associated with BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The metabolite 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU) (β = 0.012, SE = 0.005; P = 0.013) was significantly associated with BMD at the lumbar spine, whereas 3-hydroxyhippurate (β = 0.007, SE = 0.003, P = 0.027) and trigonelline (β = 0.007, SE = 0.004; P = 0.043) were significantly associated with BMD at the femoral neck.

Conclusions
12 metabolites were significantly associated with coffee intake, including 6 caffeine metabolites. Three of them (AFMU, 3-hydroxyhippurate, and trigonelline) were further associated with BMD. These metabolites could be potential biomarkers of coffee consumption and affect bone health.
Adverse Outcomes and Economic Burden of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Late Diagnosis in the Newborn Screening Absence
Authors: Miranda Mirela Costa De , Haddad Luciana Bertocco de Paiva , Madureira Guiomar , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho de , Bachega Tania A S S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
To establish short- and long-term adverse outcome frequencies related to a late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in the absence of newborn screening (NBS) and to determine respective treatment costs, which have never been reported.

Design
A retrospective analysis of a CAH cohort diagnosed without NBS.

Methods
We evaluated medical record data concerning 195 patients (141 females) diagnosed with CAH through clinical suspicion and confirmed using hormonal and CYP21A2 analysis, who were followed from 1980 to 2016 at Sao Paulo University. We measured mortality, dehydration, mental impairment frequencies, and hospitalization length outcomes in the salt-wasting form; the frequency of genetic females raised as males in both forms, frequency of depot GnRh analog (GnRha) and GH therapies in the simple virilizing form, and related outcome costs were calculated.

Results
Mortality rates and associated costs, varying from 10% to 26% and from $2,239,744.76 to $10,271,591.25, respectively, were calculated using the Brazilian yearly live-births rate, estimated productive life years, and gross domestic product. In the salt-wasting form, 76% of patients were hospitalized, 8.6% were mentally impaired, and 3% of females were raised as males (total cost, $86,230/salt-wasting patient). GnRha and growth hormone were used for 28% and 14% of simple virilizing patients, respectively, and 18% of females were raised as males (preventable cost, $4232.74/simple virilizing patient).

Conclusions
A late CAH diagnosis leads to high mortality and morbidity rates, notably increasing public health costs, and may result in physical and psychological damage that is not easily measurable.
Multiscale dynamics of tight junction remodeling
Authors: Varadarajan Saranyaraajan , Stephenson Rachel E. , Miller Ann L. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Epithelial cells form tissues that generate biological barriers in the body. Tight junctions (TJs) are responsible for maintaining a selectively permeable seal between epithelial cells, but little is known about how TJs dynamically remodel in response to physiological forces that challenge epithelial barrier function, such as cell shape changes (e.g. during cell division) or tissue stretching (e.g. during developmental morphogenesis). In this Review, we first introduce a framework to think about TJ remodeling across multiple scales: from molecular dynamics, to strand dynamics, to cell- and tissue-scale dynamics. We then relate knowledge gained from global perturbations of TJs to emerging information about local TJ remodeling events, where transient localized Rho activation and actomyosin-mediated contraction promote TJ remodeling to repair local leaks in barrier function. We conclude by identifying emerging areas in the field and propose ideas for future studies that address unanswered questions about the mechanisms that drive TJ remodeling.
Emerging vistas of Remote Sensing Tools in Pollination Studies
Authors: Krishnasamy Venkateswaran , Sundaraguru Ramakrishnan , Amala U. 
Published: November 2019

With the growth of information and technology across the globe, remote sensing applications find a place in the ecological studies of pollinators. The utilization of remote sensing tools in understanding the ecosystem services rendered by the bee pollinators is reviewed here. We discussed how radar and radio telemetry techniques helps to track individual bees, their foraging behaviour and density in relation to altered phenology of flowering crops in a landscape. Role of satellite imagery tools in studying characterizing a landscape affected by anthropogenic factors was discussed. Monitoring invasive bee species that cause a threat to native bee fauna was explored. We explained the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles to map the floral resource that influence the density and incidence of pollinators. Remote sensing tools used to measure sequence of pollination events was discussed.
A Checklist of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Pakistan
Authors: Rasheed Muhammad Tariq , Bodlah Imran , Gull e Fareen Ammara , Wachkoo Aijaz Ahmad , Huang Xiaolei , Akbar Shahid Ali 
Published: November 2019

The present paper provides an updated checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Pakistan. These include seven of the 21 known extant subfamilies with 101 valid ant species in 33 genera. Five species are reported for the first time from Pakistan: Cardiocondyla wroughtonii Forel, 1890; Crematogaster biroi Mayr, 1897; Ooceraea biroi (Forel, 1907); Pseudoneoponera rufipes Jerdon, 1851 and Strumigenys godeffroyi Mayr, 1866. Images to scientifically validate new faunal records from Pakistan and facilitate prompt identification are provided. Among the newly recorded species, three species viz., C. wroughtonii; O. biroi and S. godeffroyi are considered as tramp species having the cosmopolitan distribution. Notes about type localities, depositories and distribution in Pakistan are provided to each species record. The list provides a synthesis of the regional taxonomical work carried out until now and will serve as a baseline survey for future studies.
Trilhas interpretativas como um potencial pedagógico:
Authors: Dos Santos Ednilza Maranhao 
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar uma experiência desenvolvida por alunos e professor do curso de licenciatura em ciências biológicas, com a participação de bolsista de iniciação cientifica do ensino médio de escolas públicas da região, do primeiro ano do ensino médio em uma área de Caatinga do agreste do Estado de Pernambuco. No período de dezembro de 2012 a outubro de 2013, trilhas de interpretação ambiental foram planejadas na Fazenda Fieza, no município de Santa Cruz do Capibaribe. Duas trilhas foram mapeadas e nessas, onze pontos foram considerados potenciais como paradas para reflexão, contemplação e contextualização sobre os elementos naturais do bioma Caatinga, conteúdos importantes para sensibilização e valorização do lugar. Três etapas fizeram parte do planejamento da trilha (Etapa 1: levantamento de dados; etapa 2: elaboração do roteiro pedagógico; etapa 3: execução para socialização da vivencia e avaliação do processo. Um total de 43 alunos participaram das trilhas e foi notório o interesse dos alunos sobre o bioma, observado através da percepção escrita e de desenhos feitos por eles durante as atividades.
TRIP RATE DAN POLA PERGERAKAN PADA TRANSMART SETIABUDI SEMARANG SEBAGAI SALAH SATU PUSAT PERBELANJAAN BERKONSEP MULTI-AKTIVITAS
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Basuki Yudi , Gritanarum Maestri 
Published: November 2019

Maraknya pembangunan pusat perbelanjaan mendorong perusahaan untuk terus melakukan inovasi, salah satunya adalah konsep 4 in 1 pada Transmart Setiabudi Semarang. Pembangunan ini akan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan jumlah tarikan perjalanan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui trip rate sebagai model tarikan perjalanan dan pola pergerakan. Metode yang digunakan untuk membentuk model tarikan perjalanan dalam penelitian ini adalah trip rate dan analisis pola pergerakan. Metode ini menggunakan data kedatangan pengunjung dibagi dengan luas aktivitas guna lahan, sedangkan pola pergerakan diperoleh dari data sebaran tempat asal pengunjung. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah trip rate dan pola perjalanan. Trip rate total yaitu jumlah pengunjung dibagi luas area Transmart didapat 0,057 orang/m2. Trip rate tiap aktivitas terdiri dari trip rate area aktivitas belanja yaitu 0,035 orang/m2, trip rate area aktivitas bersantap 0,152 orang/m2, trip rate area aktivitas bermain 0,072 orang/m2, trip rate area aktivitas menonton 0,298 orang/m2. Pola pergerakan pengunjung Transmart berasal dari dalam dan luar Kota Semarang dan terdiri dari tujuan perjalanan satu aktivitas dan multi-aktivitas. Pusat perbelanjaan dengan konsep 4 in 1 memiliki trip rate yang rendah karena karakteristik perjalanan pengunjung dengan multi-aktivitas yang dilakukannya.
Judicial Reform in China: From the Perspective of Legal Fee Arrangements
Authors: Yang Xi , Qiao Yue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo achieve equality and justice is the main objective of China’s judicial reform. However, due to the scarcity of judicial resources in China, the cost of achieving equality and justice must be considered when designing the judicial system. Thus, how to balance equality, justice and judicial costs has become one of the most complicated questions of the reform. Analysis of the legal fee arrangements provides a unique perspective for this issue. In this paper, we use the method of law and economics to analyze this question. Through setting up a dynamic game model for litigation, we compare the effects of different legal fee arrangements on equality, justice and the social cost. Through data simulation, our theoretical findings are interpreted intuitively. The paper also scrutinizes institutional factors in system designing, which provides useful implications for the judicial reform. In addition, our research findings have amended the inconsistence of results between theoretical reasoning and empirical evidence.
Languaging evolved
Authors: Cowley Stephen J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTaking a unified view of life, language, and cognition, the Special Issue contests linguistic (or enactivist) models that grant “reality” to symbolic entities. Rather than focus on texts, utterances, or communication, language is traced to living in the extended human ecology. On a distributed view, languaging arises as, alone or together, people act while orienting to denotata and (physical) wordings. Languaging requires, not linguistic bodies, but skills based in common ways of understanding. While verbal entities are of immense value, they draw on a history of reflecting on languaging from a language stance; people need only imagine “symbols.” Accordingly, languaging is part of acting, observing and imagining. Using a language stance suffices for reflecting on human practices and written marks as if linguistic entities were “real.” The deflationary view extends to semiotics. As Ho and Li (2019) document, languaging-and-action enables a learner to grasp a Chinese character as a sign. While, in principle, semiosis might draw from physics or life, signs are also likely to derive from human practice. Coming to read Chinese may require not a semiotic ontology, but a human ability to self-fabricate new powers. By deflating linguistic models one can avoid appeal to observer-independent signs.
Escatologia e conoscenza salvifica in Empedocle: una rilettura della metempsicosi alla luce delle teorie fisiologiche sulla mente
Authors: Casella Federico 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe presence of a theory of the transmigration of the soul or, according to Empedocles’ words, of the δαίμων is a controversial issue among scholars. A major difficulty arises when one tries to read the fragments of thePurifications– where this theme is particularly recurrent – in conjunction with those usually attributed to the poemOn nature. The aim of this paper is to suggest a ‘method’ to analyse the extant fragments, and to offer a possible interpretation of the nature of the so–called cycle of the δαίμων. On the one hand, I shall try to show that the two poems, if read together, can provide a ‘salvific’ message. As a matter of fact, the description of the cosmic order that emerges from the poemOn naturemight convey the same prescription as stated in thePurificationsfor following the universal laws, which would ultimately allow human beings to be happy even in an age of universal evil. On the other hand, I shall propose to identify the δαίμων with the roots, which can escape from the cycle – i.e. become happy – when they are shaped as human minds, thanks to the way in which the processes of knowledge work.
One Socrates and Many. A Discussion of the Volume Socrates and the Socratic Dialogue
Authors: Pentassuglio Francesca 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The volume Socrates and the Socratic Dialogue, recently edited by Ch. Moore and A. Stavru (Brill, 2018), favours the pluralistic approach to the sources that has gained increasing acceptance over the last decades, and thus shares the choice not to limit the study of Socrates to the canonical ‘quartet’ Aristophanes, Plato, Xenophon, and Aristotle. Indeed, the volume partly continues an existing trend, but at the same time proves to reinforce it by further refining and scrutinising this field of research. The very welcome result is a collection of essays that provides a rich and nuanced picture of Socrates from the Old Comedy to Neoplatonism, based on Socratic literature as well as non-Socratic material – the latter including both non-Socratic authors and non-Socratic passages by Socratic authors. Because of the variety of themes and the number of contributions, which present a vast range of methodological approaches, the work offers a privileged point of view for investigating the ongoing advancements in our understanding of Socratism. Rather than providing a thorough presentation of all chapters, which would inevitably oversimplify their content, this paper attempts to highlight – also through the comparison with the existing literature – the main results of the analysis conducted and their specific contribution to the field.
Scholarship in Process. A Reconstruction of Vlastos’ Method of Research into the History of Philosophy
Authors: Vieira Celso 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper attempts to reconstruct Vlastos’ method of research into the history of philosophy using his Degrees of Reality as a case study. To do so, I rely on the extensive materials available in the Vlastos Archive. Through the palimpsest of superimposed revisions in his documents as well as the letters exchanged with his colleagues, I will go through the gestation of a whole new perspective in dealing with Plato’s conception of the reality of abstract objects. Furthermore, the focus on the process rather than on the results will provide an inside view on Vlastos’ ground-breaking use of analytical tools in developing research in the field of history of philosophy.
Wahrsprechen, lügen und glauben
Authors: Borsche Tilman 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
All speech is a form of self-presentation, a performance on the stage of life, and since antiquity this has been accepted as much as lamented and rejected on moral grounds. Do we today, once again, live in times that justify this complaint? So-called ‘fake news’ are, first and foremost, simply ‘news,’ that is, information whose truth claims everyone needs to judge according to their own prejudices. Nietzsche’s skepticism about truth, at least since the early essay Ueber Wahrheit und Lüge im aussermoralischen Sinne, draws radical conclusions from this apparently nihilistic diagnosis of our cognitive abilities which never reach their goal, that is, truth. But Nietzsche does not despair about the fact that our thinking has no power over truth; rather, he transforms lying into a product of the creative intellect that seeks to serve life. As such, we have to rethink truth’s relationship to lying. Both, truth and lying, thus lose their respective meaning. Against the background of Kant’s famous distinction between opining, believing, and knowing as three different modes of holding-to-be-true, I argue that Nietzsche does indeed provide a both timely and constructive answer to the question how to think about ‘lying.’