bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of saponins from Panax japonicus on neurons of the colon myenteric plexus in aging rats through reduction of α‐synuclein through endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Guo Yuhui , Cheng Zhihao , Liu Jie , He Yumin , Xiong Zhengguo , Yuan Ding , Dun Yaoyan , Zhang Changcheng 
Published: November 2020

AimThe enteric nervous system degenerates gradually with age, and α‐synuclein (α‐syn) is a suitable marker of enteric nervous system degeneration, which is intimately related with endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPRER). Saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ) have obvious protective effects on neurons in several degenerative disease models. Here, the study was designed to investigate whether SPJ could reverse the neuron degeneration through regulating the UPRER in the colon myenteric plexus of aging rats.MethodsAging rats had been treated with SPJ for 6 months since they were aged 18 months. Then, the colon samples were collected and neuron morphology in the myenteric plexus was observed. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the expressions of NeuN, α‐syn, GRP78 and three different UPRER branches. Double immunofluorescence was used to determine the co‐localization of α‐syn and NeuN, GRP78 and NeuN.ResultsNeurons degenerated in the colon myenteric plexus of aging rats, but co‐localization of α‐syn and NeuN increased. In addition, both the expressions of GRP78 and three UPRER branch signaling pathway proteins decreased in the colon myenteric plexus of aging rats. Treatment of SPJ almost alleviated the above effects in aging rats, except for ATF6.ConclusionsSPJ could reverse the neuron loss caused by accumulation of α‐syn in the myenteric plexus of colon in aging rats, which is potentially associated with increased GRP78 and most URPER changes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 85–93.
Enumeration and phenotyping of circulating microvesicles by flow cytometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis: Plasma versus serum
Authors: Siwaponanan Panjaree , Keawvichit Rassamon , Lekmanee Kittima , Chomanee Nusara , Pattanapanyasat Kovit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionMicrovesicles (MVs) are bioactive, submicron‐sized (0.01‐1000 nm) membrane vesicles released from various types of cells under normal physiological and pathophysiological conditions. MVs have emerged as important mediators of cell‐to‐cell communication in a diverse range of normal and pathological processes. MVs have been recognized as potential biomarkers in coagulation, inflammation, and cancer. However, for clinical use, minimizing factors which could affect enumeration and phenotypic characterization of MVs during pre‐analytical steps is crucial. In this study, we used flow cytometry and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to investigate the impact of blood collection using with and without anticoagulant on the number and phenotype of MVs in blood samples.MethodsBlood from 30 healthy volunteers was collected by venipuncture into 3.2% sodium citrate and clot activator tubes. MV subpopulations and their concentrations were investigated using flow cytometry and NTA. MV morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy.ResultsResults showed that the concentration of MVs was significantly lower in serum than in plasma and that CD41+MV, CD41+/CD62P+MV, CD45+MV, and CD142+MV levels from serum were significantly lower than those from plasma, whereas no significant differences in Annexin V (Anx V)+ MV, CD235a+ MV, and CD144+ MV levels were found. Interestingly, serum MVs had a higher proportion of small‐sized MVs and lower proportion of large‐sized MVs than did plasma MVs.ConclusionAlthough plasma samples are commonly used, our results suggest that serum can also be used in enumeration of MVs, but care must be taken if coagulation is an aspect of the research.
Young people with long‐term health challenges experiences in transition to adulthood: A qualitative metasynthesis
Authors: Rasalingam Anurajee , Fegran Liv , Brekke Idunn , Helseth Sølvi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to describe the experiences of the transition to adulthood for young people with long‐term health challenges.DesignThe metasynthesis approach was based on the guidelines by Sandelowski and Barroso for synthesizing qualitative research.Data sourcesSeven electronic databases: CINAHL, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and SocIndex were searched on 6–10 February 2020.Review methodsStudies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs critical appraisal tool. Qualitative data were extracted, meta‐summarised, then meta‐synthesized.FindingsNineteen qualitative studies were included in this review. Six themes illustrated experiences in the transition to adulthood: wishing for an ‘ordinary’ life, significance of close network, working towards independence, in need of systemic resources and services, psychosocial challenges and keeping a positive attitude.ConclusionYoung people with long‐term health challenges wished for as ‘ordinary’ a life as possible in the future. In the transition to adulthood, they gradually gained more competence in self‐management skills and knowledge and strived to become more independent. By having a positive attitude and using other coping strategies, young people can work on some of the difficulties they experience in this phase. However, to achieve and maintain independence young people with long‐term health challenges are dependent on the support of a close network and systemic support and services.ImpactThe findings highlight the need to help alleviate the fears and worries of young people with long‐term health challenges and create opportunities for successful transition to adulthood by increased awareness and interventions from policy‐makers and professionals in the health and social system.
Oral self‐management of palbociclib (Ibrance®) using mobile technology protocol
Authors: Mazzella Ebstein Ann M. , Barton‐Burke Margaret , Anthony Venice , Smith Andrea , Zhang Zhigang , Robson Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study will test the feasibility and effectiveness of mobile technology intervention on the patients’ self‐management of oral anticancer medication. Secondary objectives include acceptability, the usefulness of text messages, and satisfaction by participants and nurses.MethodsThis prospective two‐arm study will recruit patients (N = 220) with metastatic breast cancer and initiating treatment with palbociclib (Ibrance ®). Allowing for attrition, patients will be randomized into the control (N = 100) or intervention (N = 100) group. Unidirectional text message reminders will be sent during the treatment cycle through a secure web application using the patient's smartphone. Self‐reported survey responses will be collected at three time points; at consent, end of treatment cycles, and the follow‐up clinic visit and include a demographic questionnaire, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire, Post study questionnaire and the R‐15 Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire. Nurses providing care for study patients will complete the Adaptation of Stamps Nurse Workload questionnaire. Data will be analysed an intent‐to‐treat analysis comparing the two arms. Study approval was obtained in December 2019 and funded in January 2020.DiscussionSmartphones are globally available and have text messaging capability which is increasingly being used as an intervention in healthcare studies. This study will test a low‐cost, nurse‐led intervention that enhances the patient's experience with oral anti‐cancer medications, improves access to care, reduces costs, and improves the satisfaction of nurses caring for oncology patients.ImpactDespite the ease of administering oral anti‐cancer medications, oncology patients maynot take them as prescribed and consequently, these factors affect patient outcomes and disease control. Given the importance of taking oral anti‐cancer medications and the difficulties patients experience in achieving it, the effective use of mobile technology interventions can actively engage patients in their care and improve medication self‐management of anticancer treatment regimens.
Elabela may regulate SIRT3‐mediated inhibition of oxidative stress through Foxo3a deacetylation preventing diabetic‐induced myocardial injury
Authors: Li Cheng , Miao Xiao , Wang Shudong , Liu Yucheng , Sun Jian , Liu Quan , Cai Lu , Wang Yonggang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy—pathophysiological heart remodelling and dysfunction that occurs in absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension and/or valvular heart disease—is a common diabetic complication. Elabela, a new peptide that acts via Apelin receptor, has similar functions as Apelin, providing beneficial effects on body fluid homeostasis, cardiovascular health and renal insufficiency, as well as potentially beneficial effects on metabolism and diabetes. In this study, Elabela treatment was found to have profound protective effects against diabetes‐induced cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis; these protective effects may depend heavily upon SIRT3‐mediated Foxo3a deacetylation. Our findings provide evidence that Elabela has cardioprotective effects for the first time in the diabetic model.
Decreased plasma n6 : n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio interacting with high C‐peptide promotes non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Luo Hui‐Huan , Zhao Meng‐Di , Feng Xiao‐Fei , Gao Xiao‐Qian , Hong Mo , Liu Ming‐Li , Li Yan‐Ping , Liu Wan‐Qiu , Liu Yu‐Mo , Yu Cheng‐Cheng , Cao Yun‐Feng , Yang Xi‐Lin , Fang Zhong‐Ze , Zhang Ping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo explore relationships between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes, and whether insulin action has an interactive effect with PUFA on NAFLD progression.Materials and MethodsWe extracted clinical and omics data of 482 type 2 diabetes patients from a tertiary hospital consecutively from April 2018 to April 2019. NAFLD was estimated by ultrasound at admission. Plasma fasting n3 and n6 fatty acids were quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Restricted cubic spline nested in binary logistic regression was used to select the cut‐off point, and estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Additive interactions of the n6 : n3 ratio with insulin action for NAFLD were estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction, attributable proportion due to interaction and synergy index. Relative excess risk due to interaction >0, attributable proportion due to interaction >0 or synergy index >1 indicates biological interaction. Spearman correlation analysis was used to obtain partial correlation coefficients between PUFA and hallmarks of NAFLD.ResultsOf 482 patients, 313 were with and 169 were without NAFLD. N3 ≥800 and n6 PUFA ≥8,100 μmol/L were independently associated with increased NAFLD risk; n6 : n3 ratio ≤10 was associated with NAFLD (odds ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.20–2.71), and the effect size was amplified by high C‐peptide (odds ratio 8.89, 95% confidence interval 4.48–17.7) with significant interaction. The additive interaction of the n6 : n3 ratio and fasting insulin was not significant.ConclusionDecreased n6 : n3 ratio was associated with increased NAFLD risk in type 2 diabetes patients, and the effect was only significant and amplified when there was the co‐presence of high C‐peptide.
Quantification of alizarin red S uptake in coregonid eggs after mass‐marking
Authors: Baer Jan , Becke Cornelius , Bentele Helga M. , Habedank Friederike , Brinker Alexander 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn easy method to measure the uptake rate of the persistent dye alizarin red S (ARS) during marking of whitefish eggs was established and used to measure the ARS content in three different whitefish species during and at the end of the marking procedure. Those values show that only 6–10% of the ARS in the marking solution will be absorbed by the eggs (0.0061–0.0119 mg per egg). Additional analyses 6, 15 and 36 months after marking showed ARS levels below the response level (<6.9 μg kg–1).
Life‐stage‐dependent supergene haplotype frequencies and metapopulation neutral genetic patterns of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, from Canada's Northern cod stock region and adjacent areas
Authors: Puncher Gregory Neils , Rowe Sherrylynn , Rose George A. , Parent Geneviève J. , Wang Yanjun , Pavey Scott A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmong highly migratory fish species, nursery areas occupied by juveniles often differ from adult habitats. To better understand the spatial dynamics of Canada's Northern cod stock, juveniles caught off the east coast of Newfoundland and Labrador were compared to adults from the same region as well as individuals from other areas in Atlantic Canada using double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing–derived single nucleotide polymorphisms. A reduced proportion of homozygotes with a chromosomal inversion located in linkage group 1 (LG1) was detected between juvenile and adult samples in the Northern cod stock region, potentially indicating age‐dependent habitat use or ontogenetic selection for attributes associated with the many genes located in LG1. No selectively neutral genetic differences were found between samples from the Northern cod stock; nevertheless, significant differences were found between some of these samples and cod collected from St. Pierre Bank, Bay of Fundy, Browns Bank and the southern Scotian Shelf. Clustering analysis of variants at neutral loci provided evidence for three major genetic units: (a) the Newfoundland Atlantic Coast, (b) eastern and southern Gulf of St. Lawrence and Burgeo Bank and (c) the Bay of Fundy, Browns Bank and southern Scotian Shelf. Both adaptive and neutral population structure within the Northern cod stock should be considered by managers to promote demographic rebuilding of the stock.
Mechanical Behavior and Fracture Loads of Screw‐Retained and Cement‐Retained Lithium Disilicate Implant‐Supported Crowns
Authors: Camatta Hercules Pessin , Ferreira Rodrigo Melim , Ferrairo Brunna Mota , Strelhow Samira Sandy , Rubo José Henrique , Mori Aline Akemi , Ferruzzi Fernanda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the fatigue survival, fracture loads and failure modes of monolithic lithium disilicate screw‐retained crowns, attached to titanium insert, and cement‐retained crowns.Materials and MethodsInternal tapered connection implants, embedded in acrylic resin at 30° inclination, were restored with lithium disilicate restorations, simulating a maxillary premolar (n = 20), with different designs: screw‐retained titanium base abutment‐crowns, and cement‐retained crowns. The specimens were submitted to cyclic mechanical loading (1.2 × 106 cycles with a load of 0‐250 N at 2 Hz). Surviving specimens were subjected to single load to fracture in a universal testing machine and failure modes were determined with the aid of an optical microscope. Maximum load values were analyzed statistically using the t‐test and differences in failure modes were analyzed using the chi‐squared test (α = 0.05).ResultsAll specimens survived the cyclic mechanical loading. Fracture load was significantly higher for screw‐retained crowns (821.69 ±196.71 N) than the cement‐retained crowns (577.03 ± 137.75 N) (p = 0.005). Ceramic failure was the predominant mode, with no statistical difference between groups.ConclusionsScrew‐retained and cement‐retained lithium disilicate crowns survived the cyclic mechanical loading. The use of titanium inserts to support a monolithic restoration enhances the fracture strength of the crown/abutment system.
Expectation Regarding Benefit Does Not Determine Gratitude: Implications From an Anchoring Paradigm
Authors: Yamamoto Akitomo , Higuchi Masataka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing the anchoring paradigm and fixing a relationship between the benefactor and the beneficiary, the present study tested the hypothesis that a beneficiary feels less grateful when he or she expects in advance to receive a large benefit. The high‐ and low‐anchor conditions among Japanese university students saw an extreme amount of benefit (i.e., anchoring stimuli), whereas the control condition did not. Subsequently, the participants rated their expectations regarding the amount of benefit they would receive if they were the beneficiary in the vignette. Finally, all of the participants, who received the same amount, were informed of the benefit they received and rated the intensity of gratitude they felt. The results of the two studies that covered various situations of receiving benefits revealed that, while the expectation regarding benefit approached the anchor value, the expectation regarding benefit does not correlate with the intensity of gratitude: The hypothesis was not supported. These results suggest that, even if anchoring stimuli as context information influence beneficiaries’ expectations regarding benefit, this influence does not reach gratitude.
Extreme C‐terminal element of SprA serine integrase is a potential component of the “molecular toggle switch” which controls the recombination and its directionality
Authors: Abe Kimihiro , Takahashi Takumi , Sato Tsutomu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Bacillus subtilis, a sporulation‐related gene, spsM, is disrupted by SPβ prophage, but reconstituted during sporulation through SPβ excision. The spsM reconstitution is catalyzed by a site‐specific DNA recombinase, SprA, and its cognate recombination directionality factor, SprB. SprB interacts with SprA, directing the SprA‐mediated recombination reaction from integration to excision; however, the details of the directionality control remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the importance of the extreme C‐terminal region (ECT) of SprA in the DNA recombination and directionality control. We created a series of SprA C‐terminal deletants and examined their DNA‐binding and recombination activities. Deletions in the ECT caused a loss of integration and excision activity, the magnitudes of which positively correlated with the deletion size. Gel shift study revealed that the loss of the integration activity was attributable to the failure of synaptic complex formation. The excision deficiency was caused by defective interaction with SprB. Moreover, alanine scanning analysis revealed that Phe532 is essential to interact with SprB. SprAF532A, therefore, showed almost no excision activity, while retaining the integration activity. Collectively, these results suggest that the ECT plays the crucial roles in the interaction of SprA with SprB and possibly in the directional control of the recombination.
Incidence and risk factors of kidney allograft loss due to BK nephropathy in the pediatric population: A retrospective analysis of the UNOS/OPTN database
Authors: Patel Het , Rodig Nancy , Agrawal Nikhil , Cardarelli Francesca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBK virus infection can lead to graft dysfunction and loss in kidney transplant recipients. Risk factors for BKV and BKVN have been inadequately studied in children. Here, we evaluate the incidence and risk factors of allograft loss due to BKVN in the pediatric population of the UNOS data set.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of the UNOS database and identified all pediatric recipients of kidney transplantation between 2000 and 2018. We compared donor and recipient characteristics, including cause of ESRD, among patients who lost their graft due to BKVN or other causes, and those with functioning allograft. Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the risk factors.ResultsA total of 66 patients (0.47%) suffered graft failure from BKVN. Older age, male gender, HLA mismatch, and rejection at 1 year were significantly associated with BKVN graft failure, compared to recipients with functioning allograft. In comparison with graft loss due to other causes, male gender, higher HLA mismatch, rejection in 1st year and tacrolimus use at discharge were significantly associated with BKVN graft loss. Recipients who received mycophenolate at time of discharge were at reduced risk for BKVN graft failure. Compared to graft failure from other causes, BKVN graft failure had shorter death censored graft survival [P = .001]. ESRD due to urologic causes and Alport syndrome had higher rate of BKVN graft failure.ConclusionIncidence of graft loss from BKVN in the pediatric population was 10.2 per 10 000 patient‐years in this study. BKVN is associated with early allograft failure in the pediatric population, compared to other causes of graft loss. Male gender, HLA mismatch, rejection in 1st year, and urological cause of ESRD are risk factors for graft failure from BKVN in children.
Pandemic risk: Impact, modeling, and transfer
Authors: Qiu Joseph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 has proven that pandemic risk deems to the type of catastrophe risk that needs to be treated seriously, by both society and the insurance industry. A key element to measure, manage, and transfer pandemic risk is the modeling capability. This paper first reviews the insured loss from COVID‐19 and the impact on the insurance industry. Then, current pandemic risk modeling capabilities and how insurance industry uses these models are evaluated. Some suggestions are made in terms of how these models can be improved in the future and how they can assist in insuring the pandemic risk. Finally, the nonmodeling elements of pandemic risk transfer and the government's role are discussed.
Christmas Trees, Presidents, and Mass Shootings: Explaining Gun Purchases in the South and Non‐South
Authors: LaPlant Kristina M. , Lee Keith E. , LaPlant James T. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis article explores the factors that influence gun purchases in the United States with particular attention to regional differences between the South and non‐South.MethodsWe use data collected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation's National Instant Criminal Background Check System to conduct a time‐series cross‐sectional analysis of monthly firearm background checks, a proxy for gun purchases, in each state from January 1999 to May 2020.ResultsThroughout the data series, average gun purchases in the South dwarf those in the non‐South. Spikes in gun sales are positively associated with Democratic presidencies, Christmas holidays, mass shootings, and news coverage of mass shootings. Gun purchases have also spiked nationwide in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, though most notably in the South.ConclusionOur findings speak to the powerful role fear plays in motivating gun purchases, the magnitude of political polarization in the United States, and the regional distinctiveness of the South.