bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency-Dependent Block of Excitatory Neurotransmission by Isoflurane via Dual Presynaptic Mechanisms
Authors: Wang Han-Ying , Eguchi Kohgaku , Yamashita Takayuki , Takahashi Tomoyuki 
Published: April 2020

Volatile anesthetics are widely used for surgery, but neuronal mechanisms of anesthesia remain unidentified. At the calyx of Held in brainstem slices from rats of either sex, isoflurane at clinical doses attenuated EPSCs by decreasing the release probability and the number of readily releasable vesicles. In presynaptic recordings of Ca2+currents and exocytic capacitance changes, isoflurane attenuated exocytosis by inhibiting Ca2+currents evoked by a short presynaptic depolarization, whereas it inhibited exocytosis evoked by a prolonged depolarization via directly blocking exocytic machinery downstream of Ca2+influx. Since the length of presynaptic depolarization can simulate the frequency of synaptic inputs, isoflurane anesthesia is likely mediated by distinct dual mechanisms, depending on input frequencies. In simultaneous presynaptic and postsynaptic action potential recordings, isoflurane impaired the fidelity of repetitive spike transmission, more strongly at higher frequencies. Furthermore, in the cerebrum of adult mice, isoflurane inhibited monosynaptic corticocortical spike transmission, preferentially at a higher frequency. We conclude that dual presynaptic mechanisms operate for the anesthetic action of isoflurane, of which direct inhibition of exocytic machinery plays a low-pass filtering role in spike transmission at central excitatory synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSynaptic mechanisms of general anesthesia remain unidentified. In rat brainstem slices, isoflurane inhibits excitatory transmitter release by blocking presynaptic Ca2+channels and exocytic machinery, with the latter mechanism predominating in its inhibitory effect on high-frequency transmission. Both in slice andin vivo, isoflurane preferentially inhibits spike transmission induced by high-frequency presynaptic inputs. This low-pass filtering action of isoflurane likely plays a significant role in general anesthesia.
A Protamine Knockdown Mimics the Function ofSdinDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Gingell Luke F , McLean Janna R 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSegregation Distorter (SD) is an autosomal meiotic drive system found worldwide in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. This gene complex induces the preferential and nearly exclusive transmission of the SD chromosome in SD/SD+ males. This selfish propagation occurs through the interplay of the Sd locus, its enhancers and the Rsps locus during spermatid development. The key distorter locus, Sd, encodes a truncated but enzymatically active RanGAP (RanGTPase-activating protein), a key nuclear transport factor in the Ran signaling pathway. When encoded by Sd, RanGAP is mislocalized to the nucleus interior, which then traps Ran inside the nucleus and disrupts nuclear import. As a result of this aberrant nuclear transport, a process known as the histone-to-protamine transition that is required for proper spermatid condensation fails to occur in SD/SD+ males. In this process, sperm-specific protamine proteins enter the spermatid nucleus and replace the formerly chromatin-complexed histones. Previously, we have shown that mutations affecting nuclear import and export can enhance distortion in an SD background, thus verifying that a defect in nuclear transport is responsible for the unequal transmission of chromosomes. Herein, we show that specifically reducing protamines induces distortion in an SD background, verifying that protamines are transported via the RanGAP/GEF pathway and indicating that E(SD) plays a significant and unique role in the process of distortion.
Staphylinids (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of Ukrainian metropolises
Authors: Puchkov A. V. , Brygadyrenko V. V. , Faly L. I. , Komaromi N. A. 
Published: April 2020

During hundreds of years, in large cities man has been forming a specific urban environment with original species composition of insect communities, including the most diverse group of predatory beetles – Staphylinidae family. Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro are the three most populated cities of Ukraine. In the urban cenoses of these cities, over 140 species from 66 genera of Staphylinidae have been recorded. The total of 69 species (43 genera) were recorded in Kyiv, 67 (39 genera) in Dnipro and 66 (37 genera) in Kharkiv. Among them, , eight species in the catalogue of Palearctic staphylinds had not been previously recorded for Ukraine: Arpedium quadrum Grav., Atheta laticeps Thomson, Medon apicalis Kraatz, Ocalea rivularis Müll., Philonthus salinus Kiesenwetter, Quedius invreae Gridelli, Tasgius pedator Grav. and Xantholinus gallicus Coiffait. By number, common species accounted for 29 in Dnipro, 21 in Kyiv and 19 in Kharkiv. In all the metropolises, two species (Staphylinus caesareus Cederhjelm and Drusilla canaliculata (F.)) were identified as eudominants. Dominants and subdominants comprised 18–25 species. Almost two thirds of the fauna of staphylinids of the cities was classified as rare species. The lowest faunistic similarity was seen between the staphylinids of the urban cenoses of Dnipro and those in Kyiv and Kharkiv (15.3% and 17.5%), similarity was higher for Staphylinidae of Kyiv and Kharkiv (36.0%). Similarity by common species of staphylinids for Kyiv and Kharkiv equaled 73.9%, 28.2% for Dnipro and Kyiv and 37.1% for Dnipro and Kharkiv. The article offers a review of species diversity, number and ecological structure (biotopic confinedness, hygrothermal preference) of typical species of staphylinids in different urban cenoses of Kharkiv. Differences in qualitative-quantitative and ecological structures of staphylinids are related to the diversity of the conditions in a particular urban cenoses. The commonest representatives of the family in the metropolises were polytopic mesophilous carnivorous species.
Antitumor Activity of Larotrectinib in Esophageal Carcinoma withNTRKGene Amplification
Authors: Hempel Dirk , Wieland Thomas , Solfrank Beate , Grossmann Vera , Steinhard Johanna , Frick Andrea , Hempel Louisa , Eberl Thomas , Gaumann Andreas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing knowledge about the genomic changes underpinning cancer development and growth has led to a rapidly expanding number of individualized therapies that specifically target these changes in a patient's tumor. Here we present a case report of a patient with metastatic esophageal carcinoma whose tumor harbored NTRK1 gene amplification and who received targeted systemic therapy with larotrectinib. At initial diagnosis, the patient presented with tumor obstruction of the middle esophagus, simultaneous liver and lung metastases, UICC IV and WHO performance status 3.Materials and MethodsThe solid tumor genomic profiling test FoundationOne CDx (F1CDx) was used to detect clinically relevant genomic alterations that, in turn, might identify a targeted therapeutic approach if suggested by the findings. The patient was then treated with larotrectinib and had subsequent follow-up biopsies.ResultsSimultaneous biopsies of the primary tumor and liver lesions identified a metastatic squamous cell esophageal carcinoma. Comprehensive genomic profiling obtained from liver metastases identified numerous genomic alterations including amplification of NTRK1. Owing to the reduced performance status of the patient, chemotherapy could not be applied and was denied. Although larotrectinib is only approved for the treatment of cancers with NTRK gene fusions, treatment was started and led to a shrinkage of the primary tumor as well as the liver and lung metastases within 6 weeks according to RECIST criteria accompanied by tumor marker decrease. The NTRK1 gene amplification was below the limit of detection in a subsequent liver biopsy.ConclusionThe use of comprehensive genomic profiling, specifically F1CDx, enabled the selection of a targeted therapy that led to a rapid reduction of the tumor and its metastases according to RECIST criteria. This case suggests that larotrectinib is not only effective in NTRK fusions but may be efficacious in cases with gene amplification.Key PointsAdvances in precision medicine have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and have allowed oncologists to perform more individualized therapy. This case shows that larotrectinib could also be effective in cases of NTRK amplification of cancer. Today, there is only limited knowledge about NTRK alterations in squamous epithelial carcinoma of the esophagus. Longitudinal tumor sequencing during the course of the disease may allow for the detection of a molecular genetic cause once the tumor progresses. Additional actionable gene alterations may then be identified, which may provide the rationale for a therapy switch.
Sistema robótico autónomo para la exploración y construcción de mapas en entornos estructurados
Authors: Acosta-Amaya Gustavo Alonso , Acosta-Gil Andrés Felipe , Jimenez Builes Jovani Alberto 
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Construir un sistema robótico para la exploración y el mapeo de entornos interiores de trabajo con una arquitectura y una metodología de diseño propia. Metodología: Se definió una arquitectura y un diseño en la parte de hardware y en la parte lógica. En la parte lógica, se utilizó una representación del entorno basada en celdas de ocupación y una arquitectura de control fundada en comportamientos que fue implementada a través de un control fuzzy. Resultados: Se probó la plataforma robótica en escenarios estructurados como pasillos y salones. Su efectividad se comprobó mediante mapas construidos en un aplicativo desarrollado en Matlab. Conclusiones: Se demostró la capacidad de la plataforma robótica para construir mapas de su entorno de forma explícita, que, aun cuando pueden resultar más demandantes en lo computacional, permite una representación precisa y comprensible.
Identificación de perfiles característicos de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación en empresas del sector manufacturero en Colombia mediante análisis de conglomerado y discriminante
Authors: De la Hoz Granadillo Efraín , Morelos Gómez José , Cardona Arbeláez Diego 
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Estructurar un método para analizar la adopción y uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación-TIC en 7542 empresas del sector manufacturero de Colombia. Metodología: Para esta investigación se aplicaron las técnicas análisis multivariado de conglomerado y discriminante, y se tomaron los resultados de la encuesta anual manufacturera del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística de Colombia correspondiente al año 2017. Se aplicó un análisis de conglomerados para la identificación de perfiles característicos en la adopción y uso de las TIC, seguidamente se evaluó la capacidad de las variables analizadas para clasificar correctamente las empresas manufactureras en los perfiles identificados. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que el modelo clasifica correctamente en un 94,4% los perfiles TIC del sector manufacturero analizado. Conclusiones: La aplicación del método permitió contrastar la capacidad discriminante de las variables para identificar perfiles característicos significativamente homogéneos intra-grupos y heterogéneos extra-grupos.
The validation of threshold decision ruls and calculator for APhiG algoritm for clarification of prostate cancer staging before treatment
Authors: Sergeeva N. S. , Skachkova T. E. , Marshutina N. V. , Nushko K. M. , Shevchuk I. M. , Nazirov M. R. , Alekseev B. Ya. , Pirogov S. A. , Yurkov E. F. , Gitis V. G. , Kaprin A. D. 
Published: April 2020

Background. We have previously described an algorithm APhiG (Age of patients, Prostate health index and Gleason score), for staging of prostate cancer before treatment. The algorithm was developed by logistic regression on a training dataset and validated on a validation dataset (VD). Objective. Validation of threshold decision rules and a program for APhiG calculation on the VD.Materials and methods. ROC curve analysis on VD (83 cases).Results and conclusion. It was shown that sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy threshold decision rules and area under the curve (AUC) for APhiG in the VD (n = 83) not significantly different from those indicators in the training dataset (n = 337), which was the basis for the algorithm APhiG development.
Effect of Integrated Farmyard Manure and NP Fertilizers Use on Hybrid Maize Yield and Soil Properties in Western Ethiopia
Authors: Gemechu Bekele 
Published: April 2020

A study was carried out to assess the effect of integrated Farmyard Manure (FYM) and inorganic NP fertilizers use on yield and soil properties in Bako-Tibe district of Oromia, western Ethiopia. Five treatments (i.e., 110 kg N ha-1 + 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 (T1), 12 ton FYM ha-1 (T2) , 55 kg N ha-1 + 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1(T3), 27.5kg N ha-1 + 11.5 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1(T4) and the control (T5)) were used in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications using five farmers’ fields. Yield and yield related parameters were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.0. Economic analysis was performed to compare treatments advantages. The treatment with half the recommended NP (55 kg N ha-1 + 23 kg P2O5 ha-1 + 6 ton FYM ha-1) showed superior plant growth performance as compared to other treatments. Pure use of inorganic NP resulted in high Na, K, Ca and P composition of grain while pure FYM use resulted in high content of Mg and Ca composition. The level of P in grain decreased with the increasing of FYM. Soil fertility parameters considered showed no significance difference (P: 0.05) among the treatments. The mean difference values indicated that use of pure inorganic fertilizer increased soil PH, exchangeable Na, and available S. Use of pure farmyard manure resulted in an increase in the soil exchangeable Na, K, Mg, total Nitrogen, and available K and S. The use of half of the recommended inorganic fertilizer and FYM can enhance soil fertility in addition to yield improvement.
Turbinoplasty of concha bullosa: a useful adjunct in improving nasal airway
Authors: Venkataramani Nithya , Sachidananda Ravi , Vasista Srividya Rao 
Published: April 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Concha bullosa is the pneumatisation of middle turbinate which causes crowding and obstruction of the middle meatus. This is associated with contralateral septal deviation. The objective of this study is to evaluate, if a concha bullosa turbinoplasty has any added value in improving nasal symptoms when performed as adjunct with septoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Retrospective analysis of the hospital database was done and details of patients who underwent septoplasty along with concha bullosa turbinoplasty was collected and the patients were telephonically contacted to record their symptom improvement. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Details of nineteen patients who underwent concha bullosa turbinoplasty with septoplasty were studied, mean age of the patients was 31.26 years and the mean follow up period was 22 months. All patients had improvement in symptoms with most completely asymptomatic, the others had mild to moderate symptoms.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Concha bullosa turbinoplasty as an adjunct to septoplasty does alleviate the symptom of nasal obstruction.</p>
Comparitive study between button-hole tympanoplasty and tympanoplasty with placement of graft lateral to handle of malleus with or without cortical mastoidectomy in mucosal type of chronic otitis media
Authors: Ahmed J. Mansoor , . Panchami 
Published: April 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Various techniques of underlay graft placement have been described in literature. In this study we compare two simple underlay techniques of temporalis fascia graft placement that is Buttonhole tympanoplasty and tympanoplasty with placement of graft lateral to handle of malleus in mucosal type of chronic otitis media patients undergoing tympanoplasty to find out which among the two is a better technique based on the audiological improvement post-operatively.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a case series study which included 30 patients undergoing type-1 tympanoplasty. Group A with 15 patients underwent Buttonhole tympanoplasty and Group B with 15 patients underwent tympanoplasty with placement of graft lateral to handle of malleus. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Post-operative hearing improvement was assessed after duration of three months. In Group A, 13 (87%) patients showed hearing within normal limits and 2 (13%) patients showed mild conductive hearing loss. In Group B, 9 (60%) patients showed hearing within normal limits and 6 (40%) of patients showed mild conductive hearing loss. Both the techniques were statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Both the techniques mentioned are simple and effective procedures. Buttonhole tympanoplasty was considered as superior technique among the two as the handle of malleus provides better anchoring for the temporalis fascia graft, intra-operative manoeuvring of the graft is easier without causing displacement of the graft, there is no reduction in the middle ear space and post-operative hearing improvement is excellent. When the handle of malleus is eroded surgeon can perform tympanoplasty with placement of graft lateral to handle of malleus.</p>
Causes of referred otalgia: a hospital-based study
Authors: Saraf Aditiya , Begh Raies Ahmad , Jyoti Deep , Kalsotra Parmod 
Published: April 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of our study was to evaluate various etiologies of referred otalgia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study was conducted in the department of ENT, SMGS Hospital, GMC Jammu from January 2019 to January 2020. A total of 65 patients with complaint of pain in ear but normal ear examination was included in our study. All patients underwent complete ENT examination. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The most common cause for referred otalgia was dental pathology (58.4%), followed by pharyngitis (16.9%), tonsillitis (10.7%), supraglottic cancer (7.6%), cervical spine pathology (3.07%) and peritonsillar abscess (3.07%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Otalgia is a symptom with diverse causes. Though many causes are otogenic, referred pain from other regions of head and neck is also very common.</p>
Septoplasty and septoplasty with inferior turbinoplasty in the management of nasal septal deviation with inferior turbinate hypertrophy
Authors: Rajashekhar K. , Parameshwar K. , P. Goud K. 
Published: April 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasal obstruction is a highly prevalent problem caused by nasal septal deviation, with or without inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Nasal septoplasty and inferior turbinoplasty can improve the nasal airways. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of septoplasty alone and septoplasty with inferior turbinoplasty in cases having nasal septal deviation with inferior turbinate hypertrophy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total 70 cases clinically diagnosed with the deviated nasal septum and inferior turbinate hypertrophy were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 cases were under septoplasty alone and group 2 cases were under septoplasty with inferior turbinoplasty. Symptom improvement scores was assessed by sino nasal outcome test-20 (SNOT-20). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean reduction symptom score of nasal obstruction was 1.73 in septoplasty with inferior turbinoplasty group, while in septoplasty group it was 1.06. The mean reduction symptom score in group 2 was statistically significant. All the cases of group 2 had adequate first pass diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE). While in group 1, majority cases had inadequate first pass DNE. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> First pass DNE findings were favourable in the cases under septoplasty with inferior turbinoplasty Septoplasty with inferior turbinoplasty is effective in the reduction of nasal obstruction, facial pain, sleep difficulty, decrease in attentiveness and irritability in cases having deviated nasal septum with inferior turbinate hypertrophy.</p>
Prevalencia de bajo peso al nacer y factores maternos asociados: Unidad de atención y Protección Materno Infantil de la Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Vélez-Gómez María del PIlar , Barros Fernando C. , Echavarría-Restrepo Luis Guillermo , Hormaza-Angel María Patricia 
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: estudiar la prevalencia de bajo peso al nacer (BPN), parto pretérmino (PPT) y restricción de crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU), los factores maternos asociados y su fracción etiológica en la Unidad de Atención y Protección Materno Infantil de la Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana.Metodología: estudio transversal que analizó 2.672 pares madre - hijo registrados en el Sistema Informático Perinatal. La muestra representó 45% de los partos atendidos en la Unidad Materno Infantil de la Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana durante el 5 de mayo de 2003 y el 30 de marzo de 2006.Resultados: la prevalencia encontrada fue de 17% para BPN, 21% para PPT y 12% para RCIU. El control prenatal inadecuado, el hábito de fumar y la presencia de alguna patología materna durante la gestación presentaron asociación con BPN.Conclusión: La identificación de factores maternos asociados con el BPN servirá para implantar políticas de promoción y prevención específicas para la población en riesgo. Futuros estudios de base poblacional que permitan extrapolar estos resultados deben ser realizados en Colombia.
Obsesif-Kompulsif Bozuklukta Bilişsel Hataların Psikiyatrik Belirtilerle İlişkisi
Authors: ÖRÜM Mehmet Hamdi 
Published: April 2020

AMAÇ: Obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk (OKB), tekrarlayan girici düşünceler ve dürtüler ile bunlara bağlı sıkıntıyı azaltmaya yönelik açık veya gizli davranışlarla karakterize nöropsikiyatrik bir bozukluktur. Çalışmalar, OKB belirtilerini spesifik bilişlerle ilişkilendirmiştir, ancak kişilerarası ilişkiler ve kişisel başarılarla ilişkili bilişsel hatalar ile OKB belirtileri arasındaki ilişki yeteri kadar araştırılmamıştır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: OKB ve kontrol grubunun sosyodemografik özellikleri bir psikiyatrist tarafından belirlendi. Bu çalışmada bozukluk belirtileri Maudsley Obsesif Kompulsif Soru Listesi (MOKSL), Belirti Tarama Testi-90-Revize Edilmiş Hali (SCL-90-R) ile değerlendirildi. İşlevsellik, global değerlendirme ölçeği (GAS) ve klinik global izlenim ölçeği (KGİÖ) ile değerlendirildi. Düşünce Özellikleri Ölçeği (DÖÖ) bilişsel hataları değerlendirmek için kullanıldı.
BULGULAR: Hem hasta hem kontrol grubu 41 olgudan oluşuyordu. Yaş ve eğitim süreleri her iki grupta benzerdi (p>0.05). Hastalık başlangıç yaşı ortalama 23.12±4.62 yıldı. MOKSL, SCL-90-R, DÖÖ, KGİÖ ve GAS puanları hasta grubunda kontrol grubuna göre belirgin olarak yüksekti. MOKSL ile SCL-90-R alt ölçekleri arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyonlar bulunurken, MOKSL ile CDS alt ölçekleri arasında korelasyon tespit edilmedi.
SONUÇ: Bu çalışma OKB’ye ek psikiyatrik belirtilerin eşlik ettiğini, bu belirtilerin OKB belirtileri ile ilişkili olduğunu, OKB’de bilişsel hata düzeyinin yüksek olduğunu göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. OKB belirti türlerinin bilişsel hata türleri ile ilişkisinin ortaya konulması için ilerleyen çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.