bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-Mechanical Post Buckling Analysis of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composite Laminated Beam under Elastic Foundation
Authors: Lal Achchhe , Markad Kanif 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In present paper, buckling analysis is performed over laminated composite beam incorporating multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) polymer matrix and then reinforced with E-glass fiber in an orthotropic manner under inplane varying thermal and mechanical loads by finite element method (FEM). Aim of the study is to develop a model which accurately perform the buckling deterministic analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced composite laminated beam (MWCNTRCLB) with the evaluation of material property by applying Halpin–Tsai model. Combined Higher order shear deformation theory and Pasternak elastic foundation based on von Karman nonlinear kinematics and Winkler cubic nonlinearity respectively, are successfully implemented. Through minimum potential energy principle, generalized static analysis is performed using FEM, based on interactive MATLAB coding. The critical buckling load and critical buckling temperature is presented under the action of inplane variable mechanical and thermal load, with different boundary conditions, beam thickness ratio and MWCNT aspect ratio, variation with MWCNT volume fraction and coefficient of thermal expansion, with and without foundation for linear and nonlinear cases.
Analysis of concrete shallow funicular shells of rectangular plan
Authors: Sabermahany Hadi , Rasouli Erfan , Mofid Massood 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Analysis of concrete shallow funicular shells of rectangular plan with simply supported boundary conditions under static loads is performed using the Ritz method. Double Fourier series with the unknown constant coefficients are assumed for the displacement components of the shell and their unknown coefficients are determined such that the potential energy of the shell becomes minimum. The solution is presented in a simple form and is suitable for practical applications. The responses of rectangular–plan concrete shallow funicular shells including deflections, strains, internal forces, internal moments and stresses could be easily determined using the proposed semi-analytical method. The Ritz method results are verified against the finite element method results.
Level Control of Coupled Tank System Based on Neural Network Techniques
Authors: Sousa B. S. , Silva F. V. , Fileti A. M. F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe control design of coupled tanks is not an easy task due to the nonlinear characteristic of the valves, and the interactions between the controlled variables. Those features pose a challenge in the automatic control, so that linear controllers, such as conventional PID, might not work properly for regulating this MIMO system. Some advanced control techniques (e. g. control based on neural networks) can be used since neural networks are universal approximators which can deal with nonlinearities and interactions between process variables. In the present work, an experimental investigation was performed presenting a comparison between two neural network-based techniques and testing the feasibility of these techniques in the coupled tanks system. First principles simulations helped to find suitable parameters for the controllers. The results showed that the model predictive control based on artificial neural networks presented the best performance for supervisory tests. On the other hand, the inverse neural network needed a very accurate model and small plant-model mismatches led to undesirable offsets.
Perspective Analysis of Emerging Natural Gas-based Technology Options for Electricity Production
Authors: Bhander Gurbakhash , Wai Lee Chun , Hakos Matthew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The growing worldwide interest in low carbon electric generation technologies has renewed interest in natural gas because it is considered a cleaner burning and more flexible alternative to other fossil fuels. Recent shale gas developments have increased natural gas production and availability while lowering cost, allowing a shift to natural gas for electricity production to be a cost-effective option.
Natural gas generation in the U.S. electricity sector has grown substantially in recent years (over 31 percent in 2012, up from 17 percent in 1990), while carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the sector have generally declined. Natural gas-fired electrical generation offers several advantages over other fossil (e. g. coal, oil) fuel-fired generation. The combination of the lower carbon-to-hydrogen ratio in natural gas (compared to other fossil fuels) and the higher efficiency of natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants (using two thermodynamic cycles) than traditional fossil-fueled electric power generation (using a single cycle) results in less CO2 emissions per unit of electricity produced. Furthermore, natural gas combustion results in considerably fewer emissions of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM). Natural gas is not the main option for deep de-carbonization. If deep reduction is prioritized, whether of the electricity sector or of the entire economy, there are four primary technologies that would be assumed to play a prominent role: energy efficiency equipment, nuclear power, renewable energy, and carbon capture and storage (CCS). However, natural gas with low carbon generation technologies can be considered a “bridge” to transition to these deep decarbonization options. This paper discusses the economics and environmental impacts, focusing on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, associated with alternative electricity production options using natural gas as the fuel source. We also explore pairing NGCC with carbon capture, explicitly examining the costs and emissions of amine absorption, cryogenic carbon capture, carbonate fuel cells, and oxy-combustion.
Influence of Electromagnetic Characteristics of Shaft Material on the Performance of Induction Motor
Authors: Zhang Wenzhong , Zou Xutian , Sun Junfeng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Shaft is an important part of rotor, whose electromagnetic characteristics have an impact on the performance of the motor, especially when large diameter shaft and thin rotor yoke are adopted in the two-pole induction motor. Taking a 3 kW two-pole three-phase induction motor as an example, the two-dimensional electromagnetic field model of the motor is established by using finite element method. Firstly, by analyzing the difference of current, power factor, loss and magnetic field distribution of the motor with different shafts that are made from ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic materials. It is determined that the different magnetic saturation degree of rotor yoke is the key factor affecting the performance of motor when different shaft materials are used. Secondly, it is verified that the traditional analytic design method has the inaccurate design problem of the rotor yoke height due to neglecting the specific electromagnetic characteristics of shaft material. Finally, by comparing the differences of motor performance when several common magnetic shaft materials are used in motor shafts, the advantages of various shaft materials in improving motor performance are found. The presented results give guidelines to selecting shaft materials to improve motor performance.
Analysis of Volatile Compounds from Wheat Flour in the Heating Process
Authors: Chai Duo , Li Chongwei , Zhang Xinxin , Yang Jingfeng , Liu Longze , Xu Xianbing , Du Ming , Wang Yi , Chen Yan , Dong Liang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Volatile profiling was carried out during heating through vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to better understand the flavor forming mechanism of flour products. Ninety-two volatile compounds were detected and identified, including aldehydes (25), ketones (15), alcohols (9), nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds (6), benzene derivatives (15), furans (10), and acids and esters (12). The formation temperature of each volatile was also determined. Results showed that temperature played an important role in the formation and content of volatile compounds. In the low-temperature range (60 °C–100 °C), the flavor composition of flour was mainly composed of C6–C10 volatile aldehydes and alcohols. At temperatures exceeding 100 °C, especially at 120 °C, many long carbon chain aldehydes and alcohols, furans, acids, esters, nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds were formed. The formation rate of most identified volatile compounds increased during heating, especially from 90 °C to 130 °C.
Existence, Uniqueness and UHR Stability of Solutions to Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations with Noninstantaneous Impulses
Authors: Zhang Xuping , Xin Zhen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe consider the existence, uniqueness and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability of solutions to the initial value problem with noninstantaneous impulses on ordered Banach spaces. The existence and uniqueness of solutions for nonlinear ordinary differential equation with noninstantaneous impulses is obtained by using perturbation technique, monotone iterative method and a new estimation technique of the measure of noncompactness under the situation that the corresponding noninstantaneous impulsive functionsgiare compact and not compact, respectively. Furthermore, the UHR stability of solutions is also obtained, which provides an approach to find approximate solution to noninstantaneous impulsive equations in the sense of UHR stability.
Push No One Behind
Authors: Elson Diane 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the pillars of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is the pledge to “leave no one behind”. This paper argues that we must recognise that many people throughout the world are not just being left behind. They are being pushed even further behind, and their levels of well-being are falling, often in ways from which it is impossible to fully recover. Indeed, many are confronted with forces that lead to their avoidable premature deaths. Thus, development policies should have as their first priority to ensure that no one is pushed behind. The paper argues that this could be secured through a different way of framing economic policy, that focuses on the obligations of states to respect, protect and fulfil economic, social and cultural rights. The paper also highlights the ways in which deprived people are using the human rights system to claim their rights.
Migration, Diasporas, Remittances and the Sustainable Development Goals in Least Developed Countries
Authors: Nurse Keith 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Migration, diasporas and the growth of remittances are key contemporary development trends which impact directly the lives of one in seven persons and often some of the most vulnerable and as such are critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda of “leaving no one behind”. Migration is captured in four Goals and five Targets in the SDGs however it is argued that the developmental potential of migration for LDCs is an underexploited asset. The paper offers critical perspectives on the SDGs targets by analysing the impact of remittances (including South-South remittances) and other financial investments such as diaspora savings and bonds. The analysis then focusses on financial innovation through the growth of money transfer organizations in LDCs (i.e. Haiti, Tonga and Bangladesh) and the rise of mobile money. The impact of these trends on financial inclusion and the banking of unbanked populations is then considered. The paper concludes with some key recommendations and insights.
Tourism, Representation and Compensation among the Dukha Reindeer Herders of Mongolia
Authors: Hatcherson Jean 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Increasingly, tourists come to northern Mongolia to visit the camps of the Dukha reindeer herders, a small group often characterized as primitive and disappearing. The year-round entry of tourists to Dukha camps is unregulated; the timing and context of these encounters, including compensation and accommodation, unpredictable. Some herders leverage dominant cultural and social capital, gaining more visitors and more opportunities to earn cash. However, while visits bolster the local economy, these cross-cultural contacts may disrupt traditional socio-cultural identities, migration patterns and egalitarian norms. This qualitative, interpretive study used guided, open-ended interviews (N=30), a modified pile sort and participant observation to examine reindeer herders’ perceptions of tourist visits and gift giving. Results show Dukha most involved with tourists have a positive attitude toward their visits. As tourists generally stay only two to four days, negative outcomes vis-a-vis gifts, cultural misrepresentations and economic compensation currently appear minimized. However, as visits increase, taiga tourism would further benefit from Dukha owned and controlled economic and ethnographic initiatives.
The cultural transformation of the proprioceptive senses
Authors: Lagopoulos Alexandros Ph. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The research question of the present paper is what relation exists between biology and cultural semiosis and I examine as a token of this question the relation between the physiological senses of proprioception and the cultural concepts corresponding to them. While the origins of semiosis are biological, the origin of proprioceptive concepts is debated. Against the biological view that the proprioceptive senses define directly the concepts corresponding to them, there is an opposite view supporting that these concepts are culture-specific. The concept of “classification system” is counter-proposed as the structural framework for the study of proprioceptive concepts.
The paper discusses the senses and concepts of proprioception on the basis of a large corpus of anthropological and archaeological material concerning the semiotic systems of precapitalist societies and with the help of a set of metalinguistic spatial concepts. These metalinguistic concepts are up vs. down, front vs. rear, and right vs. left. The senses corresponding to them lead to the senses and concepts of spatial orientation and presuppose a point of reference, closely related to the sense of equilibrium.
My conclusion is that the cultural concepts corresponding to these senses are not directly extrapolated from the senses themselves, but are culture-specific and each time integrated within a different cultural and social environment.
Talking about, for, and to the People: Populism and Representation in Parliamentary Debates on Europe
Authors: Truan Naomi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper contributes to the discussion on the reference to ‘the people’ in contemporary politics. Illuminating the tension raised by representation, this corpus-assisted analysis investigates how Members of Parliament discursively construct the necessity to represent and involve the people while being at the same time the ones holding the floor. Close analysis of British, German, and French parliamentary debates on Europe reveals that parliamentary talk relies on a twofold dynamic: enacting the people’s voice and making parliamentary debates accessible. These patterns are represented in the speeches of all parliamentary groups. This shows that none of these discourse strategies are, per se, a prerogative of populist movements, thus shedding light on the necessity to think the articulation between populist style and populist ideology.
Isolation of LMX1a Ventral Midbrain Progenitors Improves the Safety and Predictability of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Transplants in Parkinsonian Disease
Authors: de Luzy Isabelle R. , Niclis Jonathan C. , Gantner Carlos W. , Kauhausen Jessica A. , Hunt Cameron P.J. , Ermine Charlotte , Pouton Colin W. , Thompson Lachlan H. , Parish Clare L. 
Published: October 2019

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a promising resource for the replacement of degenerated ventral midbrain dopaminergic (vmDA) neurons in Parkinson's disease. Despite recent advances in protocols for thein vitrogeneration of vmDA neurons, the asynchronous and heterogeneous nature of the differentiations results in transplants of surprisingly low vmDA neuron purity. As the field advances toward the clinic, it will be optimal, if not essential, to remove poorly specified and potentially proliferative cells from donor preparations to ensure safety and predictable efficacy. Here, we use two novel hPSC knock-in reporter lines expressing GFP under the LMX1A and PITX3 promoters, to selectively isolate vm progenitors and DA precursors, respectively. For each cell line, unsorted, GFP+, and GFP−cells were transplanted into male or female Parkinsonian rodents. Only rats receiving unsorted cells, LMX1A-eGFP+, or PITX3-eGFP−cell grafts showed improved motor function over 6 months. Postmortem analysis revealed small grafts from PITX3-eGFP+cells, suggesting that these DA precursors were not compatible with cell survival and integration. In contrast, LMX1A-eGFP+grafts were highly enriched for vmDA neurons, and importantly excluded expansive proliferative populations and serotonergic neurons. These LMX1A-eGFP+progenitor grafts accelerated behavioral recovery and innervated developmentally appropriate forebrain targets, whereas LMX1A-eGFP−cell grafts failed to restore motor deficits, supported by increased fiber growth into nondopaminergic target nuclei. This is the first study to use an hPSC-derived reporter line to purify vm progenitors, resulting in improved safety, predictability of the graft composition, and enhanced motor function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTClinical trials have shown functional integration of transplanted fetal-derived dopamine progenitors in Parkinson's disease. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived midbrain progenitors are now being tested as an alternative cell source; however, despite current differentiation protocols generating >80% correctly specified cells for implantation, resultant grafts contain a small fraction of dopamine neurons. Cell-sorting approaches, to select for correctly patterned cells before implantation, are being explored yet have been suboptimal to date. This study provides the first evidence of using 2 hPSC reporter lines (LMX1A-GFP and PITX3-GFP) to isolate correctly specified cells for transplantation. We show LMX1A-GFP+, but not PITX3-GFP+, cell grafts are more predictable, with smaller grafts, enriched in dopamine neurons, showing appropriate integration and accelerated functional recovery in Parkinsonian rats.
Contribution of the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Carotid Bodies to Hypercapnia- and Hypoxia-induced Arousal from Sleep
Authors: Souza George M.P.R. , Stornetta Ruth L. , Stornetta Daniel S. , Abbott Stephen B.G. , Guyenet Patrice G. 
Published: October 2019

The combination of hypoxia and hypercapnia during sleep produces arousal, which helps restore breathing and normalizes blood gases. Hypercapnia and hypoxia produce arousal in mammals by activating central (pH-sensitive) and peripheral (primarily O2-sensitive) chemoreceptors. The relevant chemoreceptors and the neuronal circuits responsible for arousal are largely unknown. Here we examined the contribution of two lower brainstem nuclei that could be implicated in CO2and hypoxia-induced arousal: the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a CO2-responsive nucleus, which mediates the central respiratory chemoreflex; and the C1 neurons, which are hypoxia activated and produce arousal and blood pressure increases when directly stimulated. Additionally, we assessed the contribution of the carotid bodies (CBs), the main peripheral chemoreceptors in mammals, to hypoxia and CO2-induced arousal. In unanesthetized male rats, we tested whether ablation of the RTN, CBs, or C1 neurons affects arousal from sleep and respiratory responses to hypercapnia or hypoxia. The sleep–wake pattern was monitored by EEG and neck EMG recordings and breathing by whole-body plethysmography. The latency to arousal in response to hypoxia or hypercapnia was determined along with changes in ventilation coincident with the arousal. RTN lesions impaired CO2-induced arousal but had no effect on hypoxia-induced arousal. CB ablation impaired arousal to hypoxia and, to a lesser extent, hypercapnia. C1 neuron ablation had no effect on arousal. Thus, the RTN contributes to CO2-induced arousal, whereas the CBs contribute to both hypoxia and CO2-induced arousal. Asphyxia-induced arousal likely requires the combined activation of RTN, CBs and other central chemoreceptors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHypercapnia and hypoxia during sleep elicit arousal, which facilitates airway clearing in the case of obstruction and reinstates normal breathing in the case of hypoventilation or apnea. Arousal can also be detrimental to health by interrupting sleep. We sought to clarify how CO2and hypoxia cause arousal. We show that the retrotrapezoid nucleus, a brainstem nucleus that mediates the effect of brain acidification on breathing, also contributes to arousal elicited by CO2but not hypoxia. We also show that the carotid bodies contribute predominantly to hypoxia-induced arousal. Lesions of the retrotrapezoid nucleus or carotid bodies attenuate, but do not eliminate, arousal to CO2or hypoxia; therefore, we conclude that these structures are not the sole trigger of CO2or hypoxia-induced arousal.