bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Chu Hongwu , Zhang Chengwu , Shi Ying , Wu Weiding , Hu Zhiming , Zhang Jungang , Huang Dongsheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (GB-NEC) is a group of rare and heterogeneous neoplasms and there are few reports at present.
We analyzed the clinical and pathological features of 7 patients with GB-NEC who were admitted to Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from January 2011 to October 2019.
The median age of 7 patients was 58 years with male to female ratio of 1:2.5. Right upper quadrant discomfort was the main complaint and no patients presented carcinoid syndrome-related symptoms. In contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) examination, 5 of 6 patients showed well-defined margin and continuous thin line-like contrast enhancement on the mucosa. Among the patients with liver metastases before surgery, 66.7% of patients were cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) positive, and among the patients presented with liver metastases during follow-up period, all patients were CA-125 positive. All patients with elevated CA-125 did not have ascites, ovarian carcinoma, peritoneal carcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma. According to postoperative pathological report, 1 patient was stage IIIA, and the other 6 patients were stage IVB. Six patients underwent surgery, and 1 patient just underwent liver biopsy. Two patients underwent laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy, and neither of them encountered serious complications after surgery with the overall survival time of 4.6 and 16.8 months, respectively. Compared with the patients without chemotherapy, 3 patients postoperatively treated with chemotherapy lived longer. The median survival of all 7 patients was 4.6 months and the 1-, 2-year survival rates were 14.29%, 0%.
Surgical resection, including laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy, is feasible for the treatment of advanced GB-NEC in selected patients and has the advantages of prolonging survival in combination with chemotherapy. The elevation of CA-125 can be utilized as an important predictor of poor prognosis, while more investigations are necessary to confirm it.
Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTT1 and GSTM1) and risk of schizophrenia
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yang Jinmei , Liu Xia , Zhao Gaofeng , Li Xue , Xun Guanglei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic disability disorder related to oxidative stress. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a group enzyme that protects cells and tissues from oxidative stress damage. Among GSTs, GSTT1 and GSTM1 have well defined genetic polymorphisms. The purpose of our research was to explore the correlation between GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphism and SCZ risk in Chinese Han population.
A total of 650 subjects (386 SCZ patients and 264 healthy individuals) were included in this case–control designed study. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We explored the relationship between these 2 polymorphisms and the risk of SCZ.
We found that the GSTT1 null genotype had a protective effect on the development of SCZ [odds ratio (OR) = 0.601, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.412–0.986, P = .031]. We also found that the combination of null genotypes of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes was made at a lower risk of SCZ (OR = 0.452, 95% CI = 0.238–0.845, P = .028). However, we found no correction between Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score (PANSS) and GSTM1, GSST1 genotypes in SCZ patients.
Our finding revealed that GSTT1 null polymorphisms may be related to the reduced risk of SCZ in Chinese Han population, and this risk was further reduced with the combination of GSTT1 null polymorphisms and GSTM1 null polymorphisms.
Significant associations between 5-hydroxytryptaminetransporter-linked promoter region polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (solute carrier family 6 member 4) gene and Thai patients with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Wongpaiboonwattana Wikrom , Plong-On Oradawan , Hnoonual Areerat , Limprasert Pornprot 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a form of pervasive developmental disorder manifested by impairment in social interactions and repetitive behaviors. Although genetic contribution is strongly suspected in autism, the specific genetic factors remain unidentified. Hyperserotoninemia has been reported in some autistic patients, and several studies have demonstrated an association between 5-hydroxytryptamine-transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphisms and rs25531 single nucleotide polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (solute carrier family 6 member 4; SLC6A4) and ASD, indicating a possible involvement of the serotonin system in the etiology of ASD.
To explore this situation further, a case-control association study of 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 polymorphisms on Thai ASD patients was conducted. A total of 188 ASD cases fulfilling the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) criteria (156 males and 32 females) and a total of 250 normal controls were recruited from the same ethnic backgrounds. 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms (Long, L; Short, S) and rs25531 (A/G) single nucleotide polymorphism were genotyped and compared between the patients and normal controls using chi-square statistics.
The L/L genotype was more common in patients than in the controls (13.8% vs 5.2%, P = .006), and the LA haplotype was found in patients more than the controls (16.9% vs 12.2%, P = .048). When male patients were analyzed alone (156 individuals), the associations were also statistically significant with P = .017 for L/L genotype, and P = .019 for LA haplotype distribution.
Our findings support previous reports suggesting an association between the 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 polymorphisms of SLC6A4 and patients with ASD.
Mahaenggamseok-tang, a herbal medicine, for lower respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients
Authors: Jeong Aram , Yang Seung-Bo , Lee Hye-Yoon , Hwang Man-Suk 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this study is to assess the clinical evidence for or against Mahaenggamseok-tang (MHGT) as a treatment for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in pediatric patients.

Method:
This systematic review will include randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of MHGT, as a treatment for LRTIs, compared with other therapies such as placebo and western medicine. The search terms will be selected according to the medical subject heading. We will search the following databases for systematic reviews from 2000 to Feb 2020: 5 English databases (The Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews, MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), 1 Chinese database, 5 Korean databases (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, DataBase Periodical Information Academic (DBPIA), Research Information Service System, Korean Studies Information Service System, and National Digital Science Library), and 1 Japanese database (J-Stage). All RCTs of decoctions or alternate forms of MHGT will be included. We will search for all parallel or crossover RCTs without language restrictions. The methodological quality of the RCTs will be assessed using Cochrane risk of bias. Furthermore, the studies will be limited to those performed in children under 16 years of age.

Results and Conclusions:
Our systematic review and meta-analysis will provide evidence for MHGT as a treatment for LRTI. The findings can help practitioners and patients recognize more effective and safer therapeutic methods.

Prospero registration number:
CRD42020165698
Efficacy and safety of thread embedding acupuncture on knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Jun Purumea , Han Chang-Hyun , Yang Chang Sop , Kim Min Ji , Kim Jae Soo , Lee Cho In , Lee Jung Hee , Park Chung A. , Lee Young Joon , Lee Hyun-Jong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
: Although there are various therapeutic methods for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, each has its advantages and shortcomings, and a definitive treatment method is yet to be determined. This pilot study is designed to obtain basic data for a further large-scale trial as well as provide information about the feasibility of thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) with polydioxanone thread in knee osteoarthritis patients.

Methods and analysis:
This study is a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TEA for knee osteoarthritis. Forty participants will be recruited at the hospital and after randomization into 2 groups of 20 (experimental and control); they will be treated for 6 weeks. The experimental group will receive TEA treatment 6 times (1 time/week) in 6 weeks on 14 defined knee areas, and the control group, acupuncture treatments 12 times (2 times/week) in 6 weeks on 9 defined acupuncture points. The visual analogue scale (VAS) will be used for the primary efficacy assessment and Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) will be used for the secondary efficacy assessment. The follow-ups before clinical trial, 3 weeks after procedure, 6 weeks after procedure, and 4 weeks after the end of procedure will be done to compare the degree of pain with the control group, which received the acupuncture treatment.

Conclusion:
The trial based on this study will provide clinical information on the efficacy and safety of TEA treatment on knee osteoarthritis.

Trial registration number:
KCT0004844
Increased proportion of the squamous cell carcinoma component is associated with worse survival in resected gastric adenosquamous carcinoma
Authors: Li Hong-Shuai , Chen Ye , Zhang Ming-Yi , Cheng Ke , Zhou Yu-Wen , Liu Ji-Yan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For the diagnosis of gastric adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC), discrepancies regarding a rational diagnostic proportion of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) component exist among different organizations. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of the SCC component on the survival of gastric cancer patients and identify the optimal cutoff value for the SCC component necessary for diagnosing gastric ASC.
Cases of gastric cancer with an SCC component were obtained from our center and from case reports and series extracted from Medline. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare the overall survival between groups and examine the prognostic value of various clinical parameters.
We identified 45 qualified cases in published literature and 13 in our center. Forty-two of them were males and 16 females (M: F = 2.6:1). Thirty of them were Asian patients and the rest were mainly from the United States and Europe. The mean age was 61.1 years (median 64 years, range 32–84 years). The average tumor size was 6.9 cm (median 6.0 cm, range 2.0–16.0 cm). The most common location of the cancer was the lower third (39.7%). Although a statistical difference was not achieved, the Kaplan–Meier curve demonstrated that as the proportion of the SCC component in the primary lesion increased, the patients’ survival risk increased (P = .489), and the presence of the SCC component in metastatic lymph nodes also increased the risk of survival (P = .259); both of these findings indicated a negative impact of the SCC component on survival. Furthermore, we identified the optimal cutoff for the SCC component as 35% (χ2 = 6.544, P = .011), which was subsequently validated in a Cox regression model as an independent prognostic factor (P = .026).
An increased proportion of the SCC component is associated with worse survival in gastric cancer patients with an SCC component. The optimal cutoff for the proportion of the SCC component necessary for the diagnosis of gastric ASC is 35%.
Efficacy and safety of Zhibitai in treating coronary heart disease patients with hyperlipemia
Authors: Chen Mingtai , Li Ying , Men Ling , Zhang Zhong , Zhong Xiaoling , Yang Shudong , Luan Jienan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
: To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhibitai, as a kind of natural lipid-lowering Chinese medicine, in treating coronary heart disease patients with hyperlipemia

Methods
: A systematic literature search for articles up to July 2020 will be performed in following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journals Database Database, Chinese Biomedical Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, and Wanfang Database. Inclusion criteria are randomized controlled trials of Zhibitai applied on coronary heart disease patients with hyperlipemia. The primary outcome measures will be serum lipid levels (including total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and acute cardiovascular events. The secondary outcome measures will be inflammatory factors (high sensitive C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, etc), safety index (liver function, renal function, etc), and adverse events. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, subgroup analysis, and risk of bias assessment. A funnel plot will be developed to evaluate reporting bias and Egger tests will be used to assess funnel plot symmetries. We will use the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation system to assess the quality of evidence.
Trial registration number PROSPERO CRD42018103341.
The safety and effectiveness of self-administered coffee enema
Authors: Son Heejung , Song Hyun Jin , Seo Hyun-Ju , Lee Heeyoung , Choi Sun Mi , Lee Sanghun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
As the self-administration of coffee enema is being used as a mean of self-care for detoxication in various indications, it is important that evidence-based public health information is provided for effective and safe use. However, the evidence is so far rare. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the safety and effectiveness of self-administered coffee enema in a wide range of use, and to provide evidence about its benefits and risks.

Methods:
Relevant studies were retrieved from Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature; and also from oriental databases, KoreaMed, Korean Medical Database, Korean Studies Information Service System, National Discovery for Science Leaders, and Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Japan Science and Technology Information Aggregator. Considering self-administered coffee enema being used in a various indication, study population was not restricted. Any types of published studies that included outcomes of effectiveness and safety of self-administered coffee enema with or without comparators were eligible for this systematic review. Data on biomedical indications, patient-reported outcomes, and adverse events were collected. Descriptive analyses were planned because diverse health conditions and outcome variables did not allow for quantitative synthesis.

Results:
Nine case reports that describe adverse events were identified and included in the analysis. Of these, 7 recent ones reported colitis after self-administration, mentioning that the most plausible cause assumed was the coffee fluid itself, which contained numerous chemical substances. Two others reported more critical adverse events. All 9 case reports with acceptable quality of evidence warned against the self-administration of the procedure. No study that reports the effectiveness of coffee enema was found.

Conclusions:
Based on the evidences reviewed, this systematic review does not recommend coffee enema self-administration as a complementary and alternative medicine modality that can be adopted as a mean of self-care, given the unsolved issues on its safety and insufficient evidence with regard to the effectiveness.
Evidence for acupotomology in the management of cervical radiculopathy
Authors: Dai Wenkang , Xie Rui , Wang Xiongwei , Zhuang Minghui , Chang Xiaojuan , Wei Xu , Jin Zhefeng , Wang Shangquan , Feng Minshan , Yu Jie , Zhu Liguo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
Cervical radiculopathy (CR) describes compression or stimulation secondary to the cervical nerve root, 1 or 2 types of upper limb pain, and/or with neck. In clinical practice, both acupotomology and acupuncture are very widely and popular for the management of CR. So, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy, safety of acupotomology in the treatment of CR.

Methods:
We will search the following databases from inception to the September 2019 : MEDLINE(PubMed), Web of Science(Thomson Reuters), Cochrane Library, Embase (Ovid, Elsevier), SinoMed, Clinical Trials. gov, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and VIP database. We will apply no language restrictions. We will not use a randomized controlled trial filter in EMBASE, as the set of intervention terms will limit the results sufficiently. The randomised controlled trials of acupotomology versus acupuncture for CR; two independent researchers will use the bias risk tool provided by the Cochrane Collaboration to evaluate the quality of the literature using RevMan 5.3 software (Copenhagen, The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014).

Results:
This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide a synthesis of existing evidence-based medical evidence for acupotomology/ acupotomy/needle knife in the treatment of CR.

Conclusion:
The conclusions of this systematic review and meta-analysis will provide evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of acupotomology/ acupotomy/needle knife for CR and further guide clinical decision-making.

Ethics and Dissemination:
This study is based on literature and therefore does not require ethical approval or patient consent. The study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42020172274
The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal compound or combined with western medicine for pediatric adenoidal hypertrophy
Authors: Wang Penglin , Kong Weidong , Shan Yanchun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or combined with western medicine in the treatment of pediatric adenoidal hypertrophy has been widely used in clinical practice, but the overall efficacy and safety is still unclear. This paper aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety analysis of TCM or combined with western medicine for pediatric adenoidal hypertrophy.

Methods:
PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, and China biomedical literature database (CBM) were searched for randomized controlled trials of TCM or combined with western medicine for pediatric adenoidal hypertrophy from the date of establishment to July 2020, and Baidu Scholar, Google Scholar, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR) were searched for unpublished grey literature. Two researchers independently applied RevMan 5.3 software for data extraction and risk assessment of bias.

Results:
The effectiveness and safety of TCM or combined with western medicine for pediatric adenoidal hypertrophy is evaluated by means of the Adenoid (A) /(Nasopharyngeal (N) ratio, clinical efficacy, integral score of TCM syndromes, clinical single symptom score, disease specific quality of life for children with obstructive sleep apnea 18 items survey (OSA-18), Interleukin 4 (IL-4) and adverse reaction incidence.

Conclusion:
This study will provide theoretical support for the clinical application of TCM or combined with western medicine for pediatric adenoidal hypertrophy.

OSF Registration number:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/J76AG.
Cost-effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonist in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hernández Rojas Zojaina , Dalmau Llorca Maria Rosa , Aguilar Martín Carina , Gonçalves Alessandra Queiroga , Casajuana Marc , Fernández-Sáez José , Rodríguez Cumplido Dolores , Forcadell Drago Emma , Carrasco-Querol Noèlia , Pepió Vilaubí Josep Maria , Alegret Josep M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
Anticoagulant therapy is used for stroke prevention and proved to be effective and safe in the long term. The study aims to analyse the cost-effectiveness relationship of using of direct-acting oral anticoagulants vs vitamin K antagonists to prevent ischaemic stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, including all the active ingredients marketed in Spain, prescribed for 2 years in the Primary Care service of the Institut Català de la Salut.

Methods:
Population-based cohort study, in which the cost of the 2 treatment groups will be evaluated. Direct costs (pharmacy, primary care, emergency and hospitalization) and indirect costs (lost productivity) will be included from a social perspective. Effectiveness (assessed as the occurrence of a health event, the 1 of primary interest being stroke) will be determined, with a 2-year time horizon and a 3% discount rate. The average cost of the 2 groups of drugs will be compared using a regression model to determine the factors with the greatest influence on determining costs. We will carry out a univariate (‘one-way’) deterministic sensitivity analysis.

Discussion:
We hope to provide relevant information about direct and indirect costs of oral anticoagulants, which, together with aspects of effectiveness and safety, could help shape the consensual decision-making of evaluating bodies.
Molecular evidence of parvovirus B19 in the cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa tissue from a patient with parvovirus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome
Authors: Jeong Ji Yun , Park Ji Young , Ham Ji Yeon , Kwon Ki Tae , Han Seungwoo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Parvovirus B19 has been linked to polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), but there is some controversy about its pathogenesis regarding whether it is triggered by the immune complex or by the activated immune cells that phagocytose viruses.

Patient concerns:
A 38-year-old woman was admitted with fever and bicytopenia. She also complained of a painful palpable nodule in the left forearm.

Diagnosis:
Her bone marrow aspirate revealed erythroblasts in abnormal megaloblastic changes, some of which presented with pseudopods, and parvovirus B19 was positive in a PCR analysis of her blood, which was compatible with parvovirus B19-induced hemophagocytic syndrome. Skin excisional biopsy of the nodule on the left forearm revealed a heavy inflammatory cell infiltrate throughout whole layers of a medium-sized vessel, the characteristic feature of PAN. PCR analysis of the vasculitis tissue showed a positive result for parvovirus B19.

Interventions:
Her symptoms spontaneously resolved with supportive care.

Outcomes:
She underwent regular follow-up without recurrence of vasculitis-associated symptoms.

Lessons:
This case highlights the presence of parvovirus B19 DNA in vasculitis tissues, which can support the role of cellular immune response in the pathogenesis of parvovirus-associated PAN.