bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and Movement Patterns of Rainbow Trout Stocked in a Groundwater-Influenced Warmwater Stream
Authors: Wolf Skylar L. , Brewer Shannon K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Stocking Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to create additional angling opportunities is common; however, the spatial and temporal dynamics of such stocking practices are unclear in groundwater-influenced, warmwater streams. Our objectives were to determine Rainbow Trout dispersal from a stocking location on Spavinaw Creek, Oklahoma and to quantify apparent survival of two cohorts of Rainbow Trout stocked in November 2018 and February 2019. Rainbow Trout were PIT-tagged prior to autumn (N = 495) and winter (N = 605) stocking and located poststocking using both an active floating array and two passive fixed arrays. We actively tracked a 6-km extent every 2–3 weeks poststocking and found that PIT-tagged Rainbow Trout dispersal ranged from 0 to 4 km with ~90% of detected tagged fish remaining within 1 km of the stocking location. Directional movement by stocked Rainbow Trout was evident with upstream movements related to increases in daily water discharge and downstream movements related to decreases in daily discharge. Estimated apparent weekly survival of Rainbow Trout was lowest during the first 2 weeks poststocking (91% and 75% for autumn and spring cohorts, respectively). Apparent weekly survival rates for both autumn and spring stocked fish increased through winter and spring when maximum water temperatures were below 25℃, reaching survival rates of 99% by the end of spring. Rainbow Trout persisted in Spavinaw Creek throughout the summer; however, the weekly apparent survival rate declined for both cohorts (93%) when maximum daily water temperatures exceeded 25°C. Our results can be used to guide stocking decisions in similar warmwater streams and suggest that Rainbow Trout persist through spring and summer poststocking under the conditions encountered during our study.
Self‐confined CoPt/Mo2C nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon cages for boosted hydrogen evolution catalysis
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Xue Shiji , Guo Zhu , Li Jing , Xiao Shenglin , Zhou Shunfa , Liu Zhao , Yang Zehui , Cai Weiwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndustrial application of hydrogen generation from water electrolysis is hindered by the strong dependence of cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on Pt catalyst. Herein, this study designs a facile strategy to engine heterointerfaces of Pt and Mo2C to boost the HER catalytic activity and enhance the Pt utilization by considering the catalytic ability of Mo2C toward water dissociation reaction. Co is employed to assist the stable Pt/Mo2C heterointerface engineering as self‐confinement agent. By considering the catalytic ability of metallic Co, carbon cages are in‐situ generated around the CoPt/Mo2C nanoparticles to obtain the CoPt‐Mo2C@C catalyst. Overpotential to deliver 100 mA cm‐2 alkaline HER for CoPt‐Mo2C@C is therefore low to 153 mV while Pt content in CoPt‐Mo2C@C is low to 2.8 wt.%. Pt utilization of CoPt‐Mo2C@C toward alkaline HER catalysis is therefore enhanced by 12 times compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst, demonstrating the potential for practical applications.
Lessons learned from the implementation of a video health coaching technology intervention to improve self‐care of family caregivers of adults with heart failure
Authors: Hirschman Karen B. , Bowles Kathryn H. , Garcia‐Gonzalez Lydia , Shepard Brooke , Walser Tracie J , Thomas Gladys L. , Stawnychy Michael A. , Riegel Barbara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndividuals with heart failure (HF) typically live in the community and are cared for at home by family caregivers. These caregivers often lack supportive services and the time to access those services when available. Technology can play a role in conveniently bringing needed support to these caregivers. The purpose of this article is to describe the implementation of a virtual health coaching intervention with caregivers of HF patients (“Virtual Caregiver Coach for You”—ViCCY). A randomized controlled trial is currently in progress to test the efficacy of the intervention to improve self‐care. In this trial, 250 caregivers will be randomly assigned to receive health information via a tablet computer (hereafter, tablet) plus 10 live health coaching sessions delivered virtually (intervention group; n = 125) or health information via a tablet only (control group; n = 125). Each tablet has specific health information websites preloaded. To inform others embarking on similar technology projects, here we highlight the technology challenges encountered with the first 15 caregivers who received the ViCCY intervention and the solutions used to overcome those challenges. Several adaptations to the implementation of ViCCY were needed to address hardware, software, and network connectivity challenges. Even with a well‐designed research implementation plan, it is important to re‐examine strategies at every step to solve implementation barriers and maximize fidelity to the intervention. Researcher and interventionist flexibility in adapting to new strategies is essential when implementing a technology‐based virtual health coaching intervention.
Current Status of Advance Care Planning and End-of-life Communication for Patients with Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Sagara Yasuaki , Mori Masanori , Yamamoto Sena , Eguchi Keiko , Iwatani Tsuguo , Naito Yoichi , Kogawa Takahiro , Tanaka Kiyo , Kotani Haruru , Yasojima Hiroyuki , Ozaki Yukinori , Noguchi Emi , Miyasita Minoru , Kondo Naoto , Niikura Naoki , Toi Masakazu , Shien Tadahiko , Iwata Hiroji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Advance care planning (ACP) is a process that supports adults in understanding and sharing their personal values, life goals, and preferences regarding future medical care. We examined the current status of ACP and end-of-life (EOL) communication between oncologists and patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a survey among 41 institutions that specialize in oncology by using an online tool in October 2019. Participants (118 physicians) from 38 institutions completed a 39-item questionnaire that measured facility type and function; physicians’ background and clinical approach, education about EOL communication, and understanding about ACP; and the current situation of ACP and EOL discussions.

Results
Ninety-eight responses concerning physicians’ engagement in ACP with patients were obtained. Seventy-one (72%) answered that they had engaged in ACP. Among these, 23 (33%) physicians used a structured format to facilitate the conversation in their institutions, and only 6 (8%) settled triggers or sentinel events for the initiation of ACP. In the multivariable analysis, only the opportunity to learn communication skills was associated with physicians’ engagement with ACP (odds ratio: 2.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–7.0). The frequency and timing of communication about ACP and EOL care with patients substantially varied among the oncologists. Communication about patients’ life expectancy was less frequent compared with other topics.

Conclusion
The opportunity to improve EOL communication skills promoted physicians’ engagement with ACP among patients with metastatic/advanced breast cancer. However, there were still substantial variabilities in the method, frequency, and timing of ACP and EOL communication among the oncologists.

Implications for Practice
This study found that the opportunity to improve end-of-life (EOL) communication skills promoted physicians’ engagement in advance care planning (ACP) among patients with metastatic/advanced breast cancer. All oncologists who treat said patients are encouraged to participate in effective education programs concerning EOL communication skills. In clinical practice, there are substantial variabilities in the method, frequency, and timing of ACP and EOL communication among oncologists. As recommended in several clinical guidelines, the authors suggest a system that identifies patients who require conversations about their care goals, a structured format to facilitate the conversations, and continuous measurement for improving EOL care and treatment.
Utility of the Geriatric 8 for the Prediction of Therapy-Related Toxicity in Older Adults with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Oiwa Kana , Fujita Kei , Lee Shin , Morishita Tetsuji , Tsukasaki Hikaru , Negoro Eiju , Ueda Takanori , Yamauchi Takahiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The management of severe adverse events (AEs) is important in safely and effectively providing chemotherapy to older adults with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, reports on simple and DLBCL-specific predictive models for treatment-related toxicity in elderly individuals are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of Geriatric 8 (G8) in predicting treatment-related severe AEs, nonhematological toxicity, and febrile neutropenia in older adults with DLBCL in real-world practice.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a multicenter, retrospective study on 398 consecutive patients with DLBCL (aged ≥65 years) who received standard therapy at three centers in Japan (University of Fukui Hospital, the Fukui Prefectural Hospital, and the Japanese Red Cross Fukui Hospital), between 2007 and 2017.

Result
Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that the G8 score was an independent predictive factor for severe AEs. Moreover, a logistic regression model with restricted cubic spline showed a nonlinear association between the incidence of severe AEs and the G8 score. According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, the most discriminative cutoff value of the G8 for the incidence of severe AEs was 11, with an area under the curve value of 0.670. AEs occurred most often in the first course of chemotherapy and decreased as the course progressed.

Conclusion
The G8 score, an easy-to-use geriatric assessment tool, can be a useful prediction model of treatment-related severe AEs during standard therapy in older adults with DLBCL.

Implications for Practice
In older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), to accurately predict the risk of severe adverse events (AEs) in advance is essential for safe and effective treatment. This study demonstrated that the Geriatric 8 score, a simple and established geriatric assessment tool, indicated a high predictive ability for occurrence of therapy-related severe AEs in elderly patients with DLBCL who were treated with standard treatment.
Dynamics of hepatic steatosis resolution and changes in gut microbiome with weight loss in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Behari Jaideep , Graham Lisa , Wang Renwei , Schirda Claudiu , Borhani Amir A. , Methé Barbara A. , Li Kelvin , Morris Alison , Luu Hung N. , Palmieri Sabrina , Yuan Jian‐Min 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWeight loss is recommended as the primary treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the magnitude and velocity of hepatic steatosis resolution with weight loss is unclear, making it difficult to counsel patients seeking weight loss for treatment of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of hepatic steatosis improvement and stool microbiome changes associated with rapid diet‐induced weight loss in NAFLD.MethodsFourteen NAFLD patients (mean ± standard deviation, body mass index [BMI] 36.4 ± 4 kg/m2) enrolled in a 12‐week meal replacement program underwent frequent measurement of Fibroscan‐controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI‐Dixon method) for hepatic fat quantitation and stool microbiome analysis (16S rRNA gene sequencing) were completed in 11 subjects at baseline and Week 12.ResultsAt Week 12, mean (95% confidence interval) weight loss was −13.4 (−15.2, −11.5)% and CAP score −26.6 (−35.6, −17.6)% (both Ps < 0.001). CAP scores changed at a rate of −4.9 dB/m/kg (−30.1 dB/m per unit BMI) in Weeks 1–4 and −0.6 dB/m/kg (−2.4 dB/m per unit BMI) in Weeks 8–12. MRI‐determined hepatic fat fraction decreased by −74.1% (p < 0.001) at a rate of −0.51%/kg (−3.19% per unit BMI), with complete steatosis resolution in 90% patients. BMI change was associated with decreased stool microbial diversity (coefficient = 0.17; Shannon Index), increased abundance of Prevotella_9 (Bacteroidetes; coefficient = 0.96) and decreased abundance of Phascolarctobacterium (Firmicutes; coefficient = −0.42) (both Ps < 0.05).ConclusionsDiet‐induced intensive weight loss is associated with rapid improvement and complete resolution of hepatic steatosis and decreased stool microbial diversity. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of hepatic fat and may help clinicians to develop evidence‐based treatment goals for patients with NAFLD and obesity who undertake weight loss interventions. Further research is warranted to understand the effects of intensive weight loss and gut microbiome changes on long‐term NAFLD resolution.
Liquid‐crystalline behavior and thermal conductivity of vinyl polymers containing benzoxazole side groups
Authors: Hasegawa Masatoshi , Nagai Shunjiro , Sokabe Seina , Ikeda Keita , Ishii Junichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of methacrylamides containing benzoxazole (BO) mesogenic side groups and different lengths of alkyl units was synthesized in this study. A methacrylamide containing the n‐dodecyl group was selected as a suitable monomer to obtain beneficial thermally conductive polymeric materials because of its sufficient solubility in toluene in the subsequent radical polymerization and because of its liquid crystallinity. This methacrylamide led to a highly soluble polymer with film‐forming ability. The BO‐containing polymethacrylamide also exhibited liquid‐crystalline (LC) behavior during the heating and cooling processes. The cast film was kept at a slightly lower temperature than the clearing temperature and quenched to room temperature. This procedure afforded a film maintaining optical anisotropy at room temperature, implying that a frozen LC structure is maintained at room temperature. The quenched film also resulted in a significantly enhanced thermal conductivity (λ = 0.60 W m−1 K−1) without the aid of fillers and external fields, unlike the as‐cast counterpart without optical anisotropy. A polyacrylate containing a flexible long alkylene (C6) spacer between the main chains and a BO‐containing mesogenic side group was also investigated. The polyacrylate exhibited LC behavior during the heating and cooling processes over wide ranges. The polyacrylate film quenched from an established temperature, which contains a frozen LC structure, also exhibited a significantly enhanced λ value (0.63 W m−1 K−1) without fillers and external fields. Thus, the BO‐containing vinyl polymers studied in this work are promising candidates for novel heat‐releasing materials. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Sidearm effect in (thio)urea/alkoxide‐mediated ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic esters
Authors: Zhu Ningning , Behzadi Shabnam , Si Guifu , Tan Chen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThiourea and urea catalysts have received much attention in the field of ring‐opening polymerization. In the (thio)urea/alkoxide catalytic system, sidearm groups can influence the catalytic performance of the organocatalyst moiety. In this work, a series of (thio)ureas bearing 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐pyridyl moieties were designed and synthesized. The (thio)ureas bearing a 2‐pyridyl group exhibited much higher catalytic activities than the (thio)ureas bearing 3‐ or 4‐pyridyl groups, suggesting a sidearm effect. Both crystal data and computational studies indicated that 2‐pyridyl can form an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the NH moiety, resulting in a Brønsted base/Lewis acid bifunctional catalytic system. Furthermore, the catalyst was stimuli‐responsive in Lewis acid/base‐modulated ring‐opening polymerization. Coordination between the Lewis acid BEt3 and the catalyst was found to terminate the polymerization. Subsequently, the coordinated species was cleaved using the Lewis base bicyclo[2.2.2]‐1,4‐diazaoctane, resulting in the reactivation of the catalyst. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The association between witnessing cyberbullying and depressive symptoms and social anxiety among elementary school students
Authors: Doumas Diana M. , Midgett Aida 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCyberbullying is a significant problem among school‐aged youth. Although a growing body of literature has documented the association between cyberbullying victimization and mental health risks, there is limited research examining the impact of witnessing cyberbullying, particularly among elementary school students. To address this gap, we conducted a cross‐sectional study with elementary school students (N = 122). Students completed questionnaires assessing witnessing cyberbullying, witnessing school bullying, bullying victimization, depressive symptoms, and social anxiety. Regression analyses revealed that witnessing cyberbullying was positively associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.25, p < 0.04) and social anxiety (β = 0.30, p < 0.01), even after controlling for frequency of witnessing school bullying and bullying victimization. Further, the moderating effect of witnessing school bullying was significant for depressive symptoms (β = −0.44, p < 0.001) and social anxiety (β = −0.31, p < 0.01), such that students who witnessed cyberbullying only reported the highest level of depressive symptoms and social anxiety. The moderating effect of bullying victimization was not significant. Findings suggest the importance of providing programs to support elementary school students who witness cyberbullying to reduce the mental health risks associated with being a cyberbullying bystander.
Effect of Different Ionic Surfactants on the Structural, Photophysical, and Morphological Properties of Water‐Based P3HT:PCBM Nanoparticle Dispersions and Films
Authors: Bellacanzone Christian , Prosa Mario , Muccini Michele , Ruani Giampiero , Seri Mirko , Bolognesi Margherita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAqueous suspensions of composite nanoparticles of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are fabricated by miniemulsion method using three different ionic surfactants. The aim is to study how the length and conformation of the surfactants alkyl chains affect the properties of the nanoparticles. While the morphology and dimensions of the nanoparticles are similar, UV–vis spectroscopy evidences that the internal aggregation and ordering of the P3HT chains varies within the three nanoparticle formulations. The surfactant with branched alkyl chains promote the highest degree of ordering of P3HT chains in the nanoparticles (leading to increased conjugation length). In contrast, the lowest ordering is found for the nanoparticles with the surfactant having the shortest linear alkyl chain. The optical/structural properties of nanoparticles are partially retained in the films. Besides, the surfactant with branched alkyl chains favors the strongest coalescence of nanoparticles in the thin film, promoting a further ordering of the polymeric chains in the most external shell of the nanoparticles as evidenced by steady‐state and time‐resolved UV–vis spectroscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy. These findings might guide the engineering of new surfactants for composite nanoparticles for optoelectronic applications.
Surface Functionalized Ammonium Nitrate Prills with Enhanced Water Resistance Property: Characterizations and its Application as Commercial Explosives
Authors: Ali Firoj , Pingua Braj M. P. , Dey Ananta , Roy Murari Prasad , Singh Pradeep Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIncreasing the hydrophobicity of ammonium nitrate is of great significance for its application as commercial explosives. In this article, a surface functionalized ammonium nitrate with enhanced water‐resistance property was demonstrated using a new hydrophobic coating agent. Structural properties and thermal stability of the prepared samples were investigated by powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopic results show that a uniform hydrophobic layer is successfully coated on the surface of ammonium nitrate prills. Surface coated ammonium nitrate shows excellent stability in aqueous environment with effective detonation property compared to commonly used ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) explosives. Thus, our surface modified ammonium nitrate could serve as a potential explosive for watery hole blasting operations.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Explosive HMX/BTNEN (2 : 1) Cocrystal
Authors: Zohari Narges , Mohammadkhani Faezeh Ghiasvand , Montazeri Mahnaz , Roosta Saeed Tavangar , Hosseini Seyed Ghorban , Zaree Mohammad Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the field of energetic materials, cocrystallization is a new strategy to modify the properties of existing energetic materials. N,N‐ Bis (Trinitroethyl) nitramine (BTNEN), is a known energetic material which possesses high sensitivity and detonation performance. In order to reduce its sensitivity, a novel cocrystal of BTNEN/HMX was successfully prepared and characterized. The cocrystal has a melting point of 155 °C which is lower than the melting point of HMX (275 °C) and higher than pure BTNEN (94 °C). The SEM images revealed that the cocrystal has got a plate morphology, which is different from its pure components. The shifts in the FT‐IR spectrum of the cocrystal in comparison to the pure substances prove the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) spectra revealed that the cocrystal is different from the raw materials. In addition, impact sensitivity test confirmed that the sensitivity of BTNEN/HMX was effectively decreased in comparison to BTNEN. The density of the product was measured to be 1.93 g cm−3 and based on the density value, the detonation velocity and detonation pressure were calculated to be 9.38 km s −1 and 42.95 GPa, respectively.
Evidence of conformational switch in Streptococcus pneumoniae FtsZ during polymerization
Authors: Battaje Rachana Rao , Bhondwe Prajakta , Dhaked Hemendra Pal Singh , Panda Dulal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFtsZ, the master coordinator of bacterial cell division, assembles into filaments in the presence of nucleotide. FtsZ from Streptococcus pneumoniae bears two tryptophan residues (W294 and W378) in its amino acid sequence. The tryptophan fluorescence of FtsZ increases during the assembly of FtsZ. We hypothesized that this increase in the fluorescence intensity was due to the change in the environment of one or both tryptophan residues. To examine this, we constructed two mutants (W294F and W378F) of FtsZ by individually replacing tryptophan with phenylalanine. The mutants displayed similar secondary structures, GTPase activity, and polymerization ability as the wild type FtsZ. During the polymerization, only one tryptophan (W294) showed an increase in its fluorescence intensity. Using time‐correlated single‐photon counting, the fluorescence lifetime of W294 was found to be significantly higher than W378, indicating that W294 was more buried in the structure than W378. The lifetime of W294 further increased during polymer formation, while that of W378 remained unchanged. Fluorescence quenching experiment suggested that the solvent exposure of W294 reduced during the polymerization of FtsZ. W294 is located near the T‐7 loop of the protein, a region important for the monomer‐monomer interaction during the formation of a protofilament. The results indicated that the region around W294 of S. pneumoniae FtsZ undergoes a conformational switch during polymerization as seen for FtsZ from other bacteria.