bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Silicon Dioxide from Waste Foundry Sand and Alkaline Activation of Desilicated Foundry Sand
Authors: Mashifana Tebogo , Sithole Thandiwe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to recover silica (desilication) as a valuable metalloid from waste foundry sand (WFS) by a leaching process and to find application for desilicated foundry sand (DFS). The leaching time applied was 5 h; 3 M of potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used as a leaching reagent. The agitation speed of 200 rpm and the liquid/solid ratio of 25 were found to be the best conditions for optimum leaching results. A geopolymer from DFS was developed by using NaOH as an alkaline activator. The results obtained showed that the optimum conditions for the synthesis of a geopolymer were 15 M NaOH, 150 µm DFS particle size, and a curing temperature of 80 ℃ for 72 h. The geopolymer strength development was due to the formation of Phillipsite and Kalsilite as new hydration products. At the optimum alkaline solution concentration, the highest unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 4.8 MPa was achieved. The developed geopolymer met the minimum strength requirements for load bearing material. This study provides an innovative and novel solution for the beneficiation of spent foundry sand and the recovery of a valuable metalloid, resulting to zero waste generation.

Graphical Abstract
Der lange Schatten der Hyperinflation
Authors: Hüther Michael 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDeutschland weist im Umgang mit finanziellen Fragen einige Besonderheiten auf. Dazu gehören die geringen Erträge der umfangreichen internationalen Anlagen dieser exportorientierten Volkswirtschaft, die auch Jahrzehnte nach dem ersten Befund unzureichende Bereitstellung von Risikokapital und die im Vergleich mit vielen vergleichbar entwickelten Volkswirtschaften sehr restriktive Regulierung öffentlicher Kreditaufnahme. Die drei Aspekte haben insofern ein gemeinsames Muster, als sie auf eine mangelnde Bereitschaft deuten, auf künftiges Wachstum zu setzen und damit auch eine Risikoakzeptanz deutlich zu machen. Wie kann diese hohe Präferenz für Sicherheit erklärt werden? Dafür wird in der Tradition von Geert Hofstede nach den prägenden kulturellen Haltungen gefragt und als historischer Hintergrund für Deutschland die zweifache Hyperinflationserfahrungen im 20. Jahrhundert identifiziert. Welche wirtschaftspolitischen Handlungsmöglichkeiten es trotz habitueller Fixierungen gibt, wird abschließend erörtert. Die Antwort liegt in einer Mobilisierung staatlicher Investitionen, einer Innovationsinfrastruktur und einem positiven Unternehmerbild.
Mandibular Advancement Devices for OSA: An Alternative to CPAP?
Authors: Francis Claire E. , Quinnell Tim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition causing unrefreshing sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. It has individual socioeconomic impacts and, through association with increased risk of road traffic accidents, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, OSA is a public health issue. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for moderate-to-severe OSA. It is effective in improving excessive daytime sleepiness and quality of life. There is also evidence that CPAP therapy has cardiovascular benefits although nature and extent remain uncertain. Despite its benefits, a significant proportion of patients are unable to tolerate CPAP. There are also patients with mild but symptomatic disease, for whom CPAP is usually not available or appropriate, so there is a need for other treatment options. Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) offer an effective alternative to CPAP and can improve daytime symptoms and quality of life. There are many devices available, representing a range of complexity and cost. It is challenging to properly evaluate the effectiveness of this ever-evolving range. The more basic MADs are cheaper and more accessible but are less well tolerated. More complex devices are better tolerated and may be more effective. However, they are more expensive and often require dental expertise, so access is more limited. Efforts continue to try to improve accessibility to effective MAD therapy. Alongside increasing awareness, this may be facilitated by developing and refining devices that could be fitted by non-dental clinicians, and potentially by patients themselves. Research efforts need to focus on determining how to efficiently identify patients who are likely to respond to MAD therapy, so as to improve clinical and cost-effectiveness of OSA therapy overall.
Contribution of serotonin receptor subtypes to hallucinogenic activity of 25I-NBOMe and to its effect on neurotransmission
Authors: Herian Monika , Wojtas Adam , Sobocińska Małgorzata Katarzyna , Skawski Mateusz , González-Marín Alejandro , Gołembiowska Krystyna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxy-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)phenethylamine (25I-NBOMe) is a potent serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist with hallucinogenic properties. The aim of our research was to examine the role of the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A serotonin receptor subtypes in 25I-NBOMe hallucinogenic activity and its effect on dopamine (DA), 5-HT and glutamate release in the rat frontal cortex.

Methods
Hallucinogenic activity was investigated using the wet dog shake (WDS) test. The release of DA, 5-HT and glutamate in the rat frontal cortex was studied using a microdialysis in freely moving rats. Neurotransmitter levels were analyzed by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The selective antagonists of the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A serotonin receptor subtypes: M100907, SB242084 and WAY100635, respectively were applied through a microdialysis probe.

Results
The WDS response to 25I-NBOMe (1 and 3 mg/kg) was significantly reduced by local administration of M100907 and SB242084 (100 nM). The 25I-NBOMe-induced increase in glutamate, DA and 5-HT release was inhibited by M100907 and SB242084. WAY100635 had no effect on 25I-NBOMe-induced WDS and glutamate release, while it decreased DA and 5-HT release from cortical neuronal terminals.

Conclusion
The obtained results suggest that 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors play a role in 25I-NBOMe-induced hallucinogenic activity and in glutamate, DA and 5-HT release in the rat frontal cortex as their respective antagonists attenuated the effect of this hallucinogen. The disinhibition of GABA cells by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist seems to underlie the mechanism of decreased DA and 5-HT release from neuronal terminals in the frontal cortex.
Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Female Sexual Dysfunction in a Sample of Saudi Women
Authors: Madbouly Khaled , Al-Anazi Mohammed , Al-Anazi Hanan , Aljarbou Abdullah , Almannie Raed , Habous Mohamad , Binsaleh Saleh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a common health problem that is inadequately investigated in Saudi Arabia.

Aim
To assess the prevalence and predictors of FSD in a sample of Saudi women attending the primary care and gynecology clinics.

Methods
A cross-sectional clinic-based survey involved Saudi women attending primary care and gynecology clinics in a teaching hospital in Riyadh during the period from January to June 2019. Data were collected using a structured interview questionnaire. Female sexual function has been evaluated by the Arabic version of the Female Sexual Function Index.

Main outcome measures
The main outcome measure of this study was female sexual function using the Arabic version of the Female Sexual Function Index.

Results
200 Saudi women were included in this study. Their age ranged from 18 to 50 years. Most of the participants (88.5%) were fairly satisfied or satisfied with their spouse’s sexual ability and 120 (60%) had a risk of FSD. Participants with FSD reported the lowest scores for arousal and desire domains (3.03 ± 1.3 and 3.12 ± 1.1, respectively) followed by orgasm domain (3.48 ± 1.4). Predictive factors for risk of FSD in our participants were age greater than 40 years (P = .012), unemployment (P = .035), low/moderate family income (P = .014), dissatisfaction with the spouse’s sexual ability (P = .005), and higher weight (P = .010) and height (P = .043). Only age greater than 40 years (P = .041), low family income (P = .007), and dissatisfaction with spouse’s sexual ability (P = .011) sustained independent significance in a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion
A high prevalence of FSD was encountered in our sample of Saudi women. Desire and arousal were the most significantly affected domains followed by orgasmic problems. Age greater than 40 years, low socioeconomic level, and dissatisfaction with the spouse’s sexual ability are the most significant predictors.
A new early-diverging sphenodontian (Lepidosauria, Rhynchocephalia) from the Upper Triassic of Virginia, U.S.A.
Authors: Sues Hans-Dieter , Schoch Rainer R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new taxon of sphenodontian reptile,Micromenodon pittinew genus new species is described from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) Vinita Formation of the Richmond basin of the Newark Supergroup in Virginia. It is diagnosed by a dorsoventrally deep facial process of the maxilla that extends for almost the entire anteroposterior length of the bone and by obtusely conical, strongly ribbed additional teeth in the maxilla that comprise a greatly enlarged tooth followed by smaller teeth posteriorly. Phylogenetic analysis foundMicromenodon pittin. gen. n. sp. as an early-diverging sphenodontian with fully acrodont tooth implantation. The maxillary dentition appears functionally suited for processing hard arthropod exoskeletons and snail shells.UUID:http://zoobank.org/40ed7cb6-4867-464b-8bfb-db07febfe97c
Creation of a Mixed‐Mode Fracture Network at Mesoscale Through Hydraulic Fracturing and Shear Stimulation
Authors: Schoenball Martin , Ajo‐Franklin Jonathan B. , Blankenship Doug , Chai Chengping , Chakravarty Aditya , Dobson Patrick , Hopp Chet , Kneafsey Timothy , Knox Hunter A. , Maceira Monica , Robertson Michelle C. , Sprinkle Parker , Strickland Christopher , Templeton Dennise , Schwering Paul C. , Ulrich Craig , Wood Todd ,   The EGS Collab Team
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnhanced Geothermal Systems could provide a substantial contribution to the global energy demand if their implementation could overcome inherent challenges. Examples are insufficient created permeability, early thermal breakthrough, and unacceptable induced seismicity. Here we report on the seismic response of a mesoscale hydraulic fracturing experiment performed at 1.5‐km depth at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. We have measured the seismic activity by utilizing a 100‐kHz, continuous seismic monitoring system deployed in six 60‐m length monitoring boreholes surrounding the experimental domain in 3‐D. The achieved location uncertainty was on the order of 1 m and limited by the signal‐to‐noise ratio of detected events. These uncertainties were corroborated by detections of fracture intersections at the monitoring boreholes. Three intervals of the dedicated injection borehole were hydraulically stimulated by water injection at pressures up to 33 MPa and flow rates up to 5 L/min. We located 1,933 seismic events during several injection periods. The recorded seismicity delineates a complex fracture network comprised of multistrand hydraulic fractures and shear‐reactivated, preexisting planes of weakness that grew unilaterally from the point of initiation. We find that heterogeneity of stress dictates the seismic outcome of hydraulic stimulations, even when relying on theoretically well‐behaved hydraulic fractures. Once hydraulic fractures intersected boreholes, the boreholes acted as a pressure relief and fracture propagation ceased. In order to create an efficient subsurface heat exchanger, production boreholes should not be drilled before the end of hydraulic stimulations.
El Niño‐Southern Oscillation Impacts on Global Wave Climate and Potential Coastal Hazards
Authors: Odériz I. , Silva R. , Mortlock T. R. , Mori N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWave direction and wave power are the main climate‐related drivers of large‐scale coastal morphological hazards on open sandy coastlines. El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main climate driver affecting global wave climates on interannual timescales. Hence, a quantification of wave climate variability with ENSO would aid the characterization of coastal risk as a first‐pass assessment tool. However, no such data are available on the global scale at present. To address this, this work (1) quantifies ENSO impacts on global mean wave direction and wave power, and (2) classifies the global coast according to the ENSO wave climate hazard. The correlation coefficient (R) of the Multivariate ENSO Index between wave power and mean wave direction was calculated. Then, employing a multivariate technique, the resulting R values were used to classify the global coastlines. The results show that ENSO has distinct latitudinal impacts around the world. El Niño increases the wave power of swells generated in the extra‐tropics which propagate toward the tropics, a phenomenon which is particularly notable in the Pacific Basin, while the most significant rotations in wave direction with ENSO occur at tropical and subtropical latitudes. Based on this new information, the global coastline was classified into five distinct types, depending on the directional wave climate response to ENSO.
Kelvin‐Helmholtz Billow Interactions and Instabilities in the Mesosphere Over the Andes Lidar Observatory: 2. Modeling and Interpretation
Authors: Fritts David C. , Wieland Scott A. , Lund Thomas S. , Thorpe S. A. , Hecht James H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA companion paper by Hecht et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD021833) describes high‐resolution observations in the hydroxyl (OH) airglow layer of interactions among adjacent Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities (KHI). The interactions in this case were apparently induced by gravity waves propagating nearly orthogonally to the KHI orientations, became strong as Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) billows achieved large amplitudes, and included features named “tubes” and “knots” in early laboratory KHI studies. A numerical modeling study approximating the KHI environment and revealing the dynamics of knots and tubes is described here. These features arise where KH billows are misaligned along their axes or where two billows must merge with one. They bear a close resemblance to the observed instability dynamics and suggest that they are likely to occur wherever KHI formation is modulated by variable wind shears, stability, or larger‐scale motions. Small‐scale features typical of those in turbulence develop in association with the formation of the knots and tubes earlier and more rapidly than those accompanying individual billows, supporting an earlier conjecture that tubes and knots are commonly major sources of intense turbulent dissipation accompanying KHI events in the atmosphere.
Kinematic, Metamorphic, and Age Constraints on the Miyar Thrust Zone: Implications for the Eohimalayan History of the High Himalayan Crystalline of NW India
Authors: Robyr Martin , Lanari Pierre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNE‐vergent folds and thrust faults are an enigmatic feature of the High Himalayan Crystalline in the NW Indian Himalaya, as these structures are in marked contrast to the SW‐directed thrusts and fold vergences that predominate in the rest of the Himalaya since the continental collision between India and Asia. However, it is controversial whether these unusual NE‐vergent structures reflect local heterogeneities in strain during the main SW‐vergent deformation or whether they are associated with a postulated NE‐directed early Eocene deformation phase. In this study, microstructural analysis and monazite geochronology across the SW‐dipping Miyar Shear Zone (Miyar Valley, NW India) reveal that these NE‐verging structures result from a NE‐directed propagation of crustal deformation that was initiated before 40 Ma, likely slightly after continental collision at ca. 55 Ma. The new data presented in this study identify that the kinematic evolution of the High Himalayan Crystalline in NW India was initially controlled by an early Eocene NE‐directed crustal thickening phase. Consequently, the SW‐verging kinematic evolution widely accepted for the High Himalayan Crystalline in the central and eastern Himalayan sections should be reconsidered for the western part of the Indian Himalaya. In a broader sense, these results reveal that crustal shortening during the initial stage of continental subduction is not exclusively accommodated by foreland‐directed folding and thrusting but may also be adapted by deformation involving opposite‐directed vergence.
Long‐Term Coevolution of an Urban Human‐Water System Under Climate Change: Critical Role of Human Adaptive Actions
Authors: Li Bin , Sivapalan Murugesu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe impacts of climate change and human activities are challenging water sustainability in many cities around the world. Advanced understanding of the future long‐term coevolution of coupled urban human‐water systems is of considerable interest in this context. This study uses a previously developed sociohydrologic model to explore the coevolutionary trajectories of Beijing City's human‐water system over the 2015–2099 period under possible climate changes. The effects of multiple human adaptive actions under alternative climate scenarios are investigated in particular. Results show that there might be a recurrent competition for water between humans and the natural environment (e.g., groundwater aquifer) in the long‐term future, indicating that effective water management needs to ensure that this competition remains within a safe operating space. Three regimes of the human‐environment competition are revealed, including a sustainable development regime in which human society and groundwater aquifer are both safe throughout their coevolutionary trajectories, a regime that may lead to severe population loss due to overaggressive population control actions, and a regime that may cause aquifer depletion due to under‐perception of the drawdown of groundwater table. Results also show that relying too much on interbasin water diversion project might slacken human water conservation measures and eventually cause more severe aquifer depletion in the long run. Maintaining a high community sensitivity to drawdown of groundwater table and moderate measures to control population growth are keys to avoid unintended, negative consequences.
Damage-free highly efficient plasma-assisted polishing of a 20-mm square large mosaic single crystal diamond substrate
Authors: Liu Nian , Sugawara Kohki , Yoshitaka Naoya , Yamada Hideaki , Takeuchi Daisuke , Akabane Yuko , Fujino Kenichi , Kawai Kentaro , Arima Kenta , Yamamura Kazuya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlasma-assisted polishing (PAP) as a damage-free and highly efficient polishing technique has been widely applied to difficult-to-machine wide-gap semiconductor materials such as 4H-SiC (0001) and GaN (0001). In this study, a 20-mm square large mosaic single crystal diamond (SCD) substrate synthesized by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was polished by PAP. Argon-based plasma containing oxygen was used in PAP to modify the surface of quartz glass polishing plate, and a high material removal rate (MRR) of 13.3 μm/h was obtained. The flatness of SCD polished by PAP measured by an interferometer was 0.5 μm. The surface roughness measured by both scanning white light interferometer (SWLI) (84-μm square) and atomic force microscope (AFM) (5-μm square) was less than 0.5 nm Sq. The micro-Raman spectroscopy measurement results of mosaic SCD substrate processed by PAP showed that residual stress and non-diamond components on the surface after PAP processing were below the detection limit.
Evolving evidence on a link between the ZMYM3 exceptionally long GA-STR and human cognition
Authors: Afshar H. , Khamse S. , Alizadeh F. , Delbari A. , Najafipour R. , Bozorgmehr A. , Khazaei M. , Adelirad F. , Alizadeh A. , Kowsari A. , Ohadi M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe human X-linked zinc finger MYM-type protein 3 (ZMYM3) contains the longest GA-STR identified across protein-coding gene 5′ UTR sequences, at 32-repeats. This exceptionally long GA-STR is located at a complex string of GA-STRs with a human-specific formula across the complex as follows: (GA)8-(GA)4-(GA)6-(GA)32 (ZMYM3-207 ENST00000373998.5).ZMYM3was previously reported among the top three genes involved in the progression of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Here we sequenced theZMYM3GA-STR complex in 750 human male subjects, consisting of late-onset neurocognitive disorder (NCD) as a clinical entity (n = 268) and matched controls (n = 482). We detected strict monomorphism of the GA-STR complex, except of the exceptionally long STR, which was architecturally skewed in respect of allele distribution between the NCD cases and controls [F (1, 50) = 12.283; p = 0.001]. Moreover, extreme alleles of this STR at 17, 20, 42, and 43 repeats were detected in seven NCD patients and not in the control group (Mid-P exact = 0.0003). A number of these alleles overlapped with alleles previously found in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. In conclusion, we propose selective advantage for the exceptional length of theZMYM3GA-STR in human, and its link to a spectrum of diseases in which major cognition impairment is a predominant phenotype.
The surface modification and characterization of SiO2 nanoparticles for higher foam stability
Authors: Choi Mansoo , Choi Wang-Kyu , Jung Chong-Hun , Kim Seon-Byeong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe surfactant and colloidal nanoparticles has been considered for various applications because of interaction of both complex mixtures. The hydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticle could not be surface active behavior at the liquid/air interface. In this study, the SiO2 nanoparticles have been modified with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxy-silane (ICP), and the effect of foam stability has been investigated. The physical properties of surface modified SiO2 nanoparticle were analyzed by XRD, TGA, FT-IR, and SEM. After surface modification of SiO2 nanoparticles, the contact angle of SiO2 nanoparticle was also increased from 62° to 82° with increased ICP concentration. The experimental result has shown that SiO2 nanoparticle with ICP was positive effect and improved foam stability could be obtained at proper ICP concentration compared with un-modified SiO2 nanoparticle.
Apolipoprotein M inhibits proliferation and migration of larynx carcinoma cells
Authors: Xue Haixiang , Yu Miaomei , Zhou Ying , Zhang Jun , Mu Qinfeng , Chen Tongbing , Luo Guanghua , Liu Jisheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrior studies have shown that apolipoprotein M (APOM) is involved in the development of some cancers. Here we investigated the effects of APOM on larynx cancer (LC). 20 patients with vocal cord polyps and 18 patients with LC were included in this study. The protein and mRNA levels of the samples were analysed using the Wes-ProteinSimple system (or traditional Western blot) and PCR technology, respectively. APOM protein level in cancer tissues was lower than that in paracarcinomatous (P = 0.0003) and polyp tissues (P < 0.0001). APOM overexpression significantly inhibited TU686 cell proliferation (P < 0.0001) and migration (P < 0.01), and increased expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR, P < 0.0001) as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 3 (NFE2L3, P = 0.0215). In addition, matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) mRNA level was significantly reduced in the APOM overexpression group (P = 0.0077). However, Western blot analysis showed that APOM overexpression did not change VDR, NFE2L3 and MMP-10 protein levels (P > 0.05). In summary, APOM inhibits the proliferation and migration of LC cells, but may not be related to VDR, NFE2L3 and MMP-10, which needs further study.