bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential effectiveness of local radiotherapy for extending survival and reducing symptomatic local events in patients with de novo metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Terada Naoki , Mizowaki Takashi , Saito Toshihiro , Yokomizo Akira , Kohei Naoki , Tabata Ken‐ichi , Shiota Masaki , Takahashi Atsushi , Shimazui Toru , Goto Takayuki , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Fujii Masato , Tomida Ryotaro , Sakurai Toshihiko , Hashimoto Kohei , Kawamura Sadafumi , Teraoka Shogo , Sakamoto Shinichi , Kimura Takahiro , Kamiyama Manabu , Narita Shintaro , Tanaka Nobumichi , Kato Takuma , Kato Masashi , Osawa Takahiro , Kojima Takahiro , Inoue Takahiro , Sugimoto Mikio , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Kamoto Toshiyuki ,   Japanese Urological Oncology Group
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the association between the use of local radiotherapy (RT) with the survival of patients with de novo metastatic prostate cancer and symptomatic local events (SLEs).Patients and methodsPatients were initially diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer between 2008 and 2017 at 30 institutes in Japan. Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS) under initial androgen deprivation therapy and overall survival (OS) was compared between patients receiving local RT (RT group) and no RT (no‐RT group) by multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses. The occurrence rate of grade ≥2 SLEs was compared by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Propensity score matching (PSM) analyses were performed to compare PSA‐PFS and OS of the groups in the high and low metastatic burden cohort.ResultsTwo hundred and five (7%) of 2829 patients received RT before PSA progression. Median PSA‐PFS and OS were significantly longer in the RT group than in the no‐RT group and the difference was significant in multivariate analyses (HR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.33‐0.57 and HR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.27‐0.60, respectively). The occurrence rate of grade ≥2 SLEs was significantly lower in the RT group (2%) than the no‐RT group (9%) and the difference was significant in multivariate analyses (HR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10‐0.76). Using PSM analyses, PSA‐PFS and OS remained significantly different (HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.46‐0.89 and HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.30‐0.72, respectively), between the RT (n = 182) and the no‐RT (n = 182) groups. The difference in OS was significant in the high metastatic burden cohort (HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.37‐0.81).ConclusionsAddition of local RT to standard treatment for de novo metastatic prostate cancer patients tends to have the potential to extend survival, even in patients with high metastatic burden, and to reduce SLEs.
FMRI activation to cannabis odor cues is altered in individuals at risk for a cannabis use disorder
Authors: Kleinhans Natalia M. , Sweigert Julia , Blake Matthew , Douglass Bradley , Doane Braden , Reitz Fredrick , Larimer Mary 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe smell of cannabis is a cue with universal relevance to cannabis users. However, most cue reactivity imaging studies have solely utilized visual images, auditory imagery scripts, or tactile cues in their experiments. This study introduces a multimodal cue reactivity paradigm that includes picture, odor, and bimodal picture + odor cues.MethodsTwenty‐eight adults at risk for cannabis use disorder (CUD; defined as at least weekly use and Substance Involvement Score of ≥4 on the Cannabis sub‐test of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) and 26 cannabis‐naive controls were exposed to cannabis and floral cues during event‐related fMRI. Between‐group differences in fMRI activation and correlations were tested using FMRIB’s Local Analyses of Mixed Effects and corrected for multiple comparisons using a voxelwise threshold of z > 2.3 and a corrected cluster threshold of p < .05.ResultsBoth visual and olfactory modalities resulted in significant activation of craving and reward systems, with cannabis odor cues eliciting a significantly greater response in regions mediating anticipation and reward (nucleus accumbens, pallidum, putamen, and anterior insular cortex, supplementary motor area, angular gyrus and superior frontal gyrus) and cannabis picture cues eliciting a significantly greater response in the occipital cortex and amygdala. Furthermore, the CUD group showed significantly increased activation in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the insula, and the pallidum compared to controls. Within the CUD group, activation in the insula, anterior cingulate, and occipital cortex to bimodal cannabis cues was significantly correlated with self‐reported craving.ConclusionOur multimodal cue reactivity paradigm is sensitive to neural adaptations associated with problematic cannabis use.
Association between glutathione peroxidase‐3 activity and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ling Ping , Shan Wanying , Zhai Guojie , Qiu Chunfang , Liu Yuan , Xu Yuan , Yang Xiuyan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsDeficiency of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) has been recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. However, little is known regarding the role of GPx3 in carotid atherosclerosis, which is ubiquitously observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between GPx3 activity and carotid atherosclerosis among patients with T2DM.MethodsFrom January 2018 to December 2018, 245 consecutive patients with T2DM were enrolled in this observational study. Assessment of serum GPx3 activity was performed after admission. We also used carotid ultrasound to measure the mean carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) and to assess the presence of carotid plaque.ResultsOf the 245 patients, the median serum GPx3 activity was 22.5 U/ml (interquartile range, 12.4–35.9 U/ml). Carotid plaque was observed in 113 (46.1%) patients, and mean CIMT was 0.8 ± 0.1 mm. Univariate analysis showed that age, smoking, previous coronary heart disease, carotid plaque, and level of mean CIMT and hypersensitive C‐reactive protein were significantly associated with decreasing tertile of GPx3. Furthermore, after adjusting for all potential confounders by multivariable logistic regression analysis, PGx3 activity was significantly and independently associated with the mean CIMT (β = −.406, p = .002) and carotid plaque (first tertile of GPx3, odds ratio, 1.870, 95% confidence intervals, 1.124–3.669, p = .024).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that serum GPx3 activity was inversely associated with mean CIMT and carotid plaque, suggesting that lower GPx3 activity may be an independent predictor for carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM.
Using machine‐learning approach to distinguish patients with methamphetamine dependence from healthy subjects in a virtual reality environment
Authors: Ding Xinfang , Li Yuanhui , Li Dai , Li Ling , Liu Xiuyun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether machine learning (ML) can be used to distinguish patients with methamphetamine dependence from healthy controls by using their surface electroencephalography (EEG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) in a drug‐simulated virtual reality (VR) environment.MethodsA total of 333 participants with methamphetamine (METH) dependence and 332 healthy control subjects were recruited between January 2018 and January 2019. EEG (five electrodes) and GSR signals were collected under four VR environments: one neutral scenario and three METH‐simulated scenarios. Three ML classification techniques were evaluated: random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR).ResultsThe MANOVA showed no interaction effects among the two subject groups and the 4 VR scenarios. Taking patient groups as the main effect, the METH user group had significantly lower GSR, lower EEG power in delta (p < .001), and alpha bands (p < .001) than healthy subjects. The EEG power of beta band (p < .001) and gamma band (p < .001) was significantly higher in METH group than the control group. Taking the VR scenarios (Neutral versus METH‐VR) as the main effects, the GSR, EEG power in delta, theta, and alpha bands in neutral scenario were significantly higher than in the METH‐VR scenario (p < .001). The LR algorithm showed the highest specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing methamphetamine‐dependent patients from healthy controls.ConclusionThe study shows the potential of using machine learning to distinguish methamphetamine‐dependent patients from healthy subjects by using EEG and GSR data. The LR algorithm shows the best performance comparing with SVM and RF algorithm.
Ectoine production in bioreactor by Halomonas elongataDSM2581: Using MWCNT and Fe‐nanoparticle
Authors: Fatollahi Parvaneh , Ghasemi Mina , Yazdian Fatemeh , Sadeghi Akram 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHalomonas elongate produces ectoine to protect itselt from environmental stresses. In this research, important factors in the production of ectoine were optimized using statistical methods to achieve the best production efficiency in bioreactor. Screening important variables (ectoine, hydroxyectoine, l‐aspartic acid, and glutamate) on H. elongate growth showed that ectoine and l‐aspartic acid directly affect ectoine production. Two nanostructures, multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe2O3 NPs), were used to increase the availability of substrate for the microorganism. The results showed that Fe2O3 nanoparticles and MWCNT could have a negative or positive effect on bacterial growth and ectoine production depending on the concentration of nanoparticles. At optimized conditions, the amounts of bacterial growth and ectoine production in fermenter were 10.4 g/L and 14.25 g/L, respectively. Therefore, it could be concluded that nanoparticles improve bacterial growth and ectoine production at optimized concentrations.
Tumor copy number instability is a significant predictor for late recurrence after radical surgery of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wen Chenlei , Deng XiaXing , Ren Dandan , Song Xue , Chen Hao , Wang Jiancheng , Jin Jiabin , Cheng Dongfeng , Xu Zhiwei , Zhang Jun , Xie Junjie , Qi Wenjing , Gu Jiangning , Peng Chenghong , Chen Dan , Chen Shi , Shen Baiyong , Zhan Qian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveOur study examined the association between molecular features and clinical results of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, aiming to explore the genomic determinants of the recurrence and prognosis of PDAC after surgical removal.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed 181 PDAC patients who received pancreatectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy, with 67 patients in the training set. An internal validation set of 48 patients and an external validation set of 66 patients were used to validate the result. Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens to determine genomic features using the designed cancer‐related gene panel based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS).ResultsSignificant differences were identified between the late recurrence (LR) group and early recurrence (ER) group in tumor copy number instability (CNI) levels. Next, the utility of low CNI (the middle and lowest tertile) with regard to predicting LR was confirmed in the training, internal, and external validation sets. Further univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that CNI was an independent predictive and prognostic biomarker, and had higher predictive accuracy for LR than CA19‐9 level, pathological stage, tumor size, and age. In addition, CNI combined with lymph node (LN) metastasis status could provide a more accurate model for predicting LR of PDAC.ConclusionWe discovered and validated the association between CNI and clinical outcome in 181 patients with resectable PDAC, demonstrating the utility of lower tumor CNI levels as biomarkers of postoperative LR and favorable prognosis. Moreover, the combination of CNI and LN metastasis status elevated the predictive accuracy and illuminated strategies for patient stratification.
Bilaminar Palatal Connective Tissue Grafts Obtained With the Modified Double Blade Harvesting Technique: Technical Description and Case Series
Authors: Carranza Nelson , Rojas Mariana A. 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionThe purpose of this case series is to present a technique to harvest palatal connective tissue grafts (CTGs) that concurrently provides several advantages over previously described techniques when applied to treat gingival recessions.Case SeriesTwenty patients were treated with root coverage procedures using CTGs harvested with the modified double blade harvesting technique (MDBHT). A double blade knife with two surgical blades set 1 mm apart was used in this case series. The palatal connective tissue was accessed through a horizontal incision and an envelope flap that was closed by primary intention. The grafts were measured immediately after harvesting with a periodontal probe. The overall mean length was 28.8 ± 7.8 mm and graft thickness was homogeneous and near to 1 mm in all the cases. Graft mean apicocoronal height was 5.0 ± 0.8 mm and 5.3 ± 1 mm at the molar and premolar levels, respectively. Clinical wound healing was evaluated at 7 days post‐surgically and showed a modified early‐wound healing index mean value of 3.0 ± 1.0.ConclusionsThe introduced MDBHT consistently rendered grafts of uniform thickness and sufficient dimensions, while excluding epithelial tissue and the deeper aspects of the submucosa, thus avoiding rich fatty and glandular tissues. MDBHT allowed for donor site healing with minimal discomfort and without complications.
Unilateral chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis after bone maxillary graft for dental implant placement: A case report
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Lamartine Monteiro Raquel , Kampouridis Stelianos , Javadian Rokneddine , Horoi Mihaela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOdontogenic chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis has to be suspected in patient with a history of dental implant placement just after bone maxillary graft.
A review on microwell and microfluidic geometric array fabrication techniques and its potential applications in cellular studies
Authors: Manzoor Ahmad Ali , Romita Lauren , Hwang Dae Kun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ability to trap precise quantities of cells or particles into confined areas has numerous applications for biological purposes. In particular, single cell trapping has received considerable attention because it permits the study of heterogeneity in a population, while trapping larger groups of cells have been used to form aggregates. Among several methods, the use of microwell offers a simple platform to capture cells or particles using hydrodynamic forces. This review examines the use of microwells in both static and microfluidic environments, and the application of microfluidic geometric arrays for trapping. This paper discusses the design and fabrication methods of microwells and compares the trapping and release techniques used in both static and microfluidics‐integrated microwells. Finally, we will summarize novel microfluidic geometric arrays used to capture cells or particles through hydrodynamic trapping.
Is race or ethnicity associated with under‐utilization of statins among women in the United States: The study of women's health across the nation
Authors: Jackson Elizabeth A. , Ruppert Kristine , Derby Carol A. , Lian Yinjuan , Chae Claudia U. , Kazlauskaite Rasa , Neal‐Perry Genevieve , El Khoudary Samar R. , Harlow Siobán D. , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRates of statin use among minority women are unclear.HypothesisWe hypothesized that statin use would vary by race/ethnicity with lower rates among minority women compared with Whites.MethodsData from the study of women's health across the nation, a multiethnic cohort of women collected between 2009 to 2011 were used to examine reported statin use by race/ethnicity and risk profile. Multivariable logistic modeling was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of statin treatment.ResultsOf the 2399 women included, 234 had a diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease (ASCVD), 254 were diabetic (without ASCVD), 163 had an LDL ≥190 mg/dL, and 151 had a 10 year ASCVD pooled risk score ≥7.5%. Statins were used by 49.6% of women with CVD; 59.8% of women with diabetes without known ASCVD; 42.3% of women with an LDL ≥190 mg/dL; and 19.9% of women with an ASCVD risk ≥7.5%. Rates of statin use were 43.8% for women with ≥ two prior ASCVD events and 69.4% for women with ≥ one prior ASCVD event plus multiple high‐risk conditions. Among women eligible for statins, Black women had a significantly reduced adjusted odds of being on a statin (OR 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36‐0.78) compared with White women.ConclusionsIn this cohort of multiethnic women, rates of statin use among women who would benefit were low, with Black women having lower odds of statin use than White women.
Effect of intimal flap motion on flow in acute type B aortic dissection by using fluid‐structure interaction
Authors: Chong Mei Yan , Gu Boram , Chan Bee Ting , Ong Zhi Chao , Xu Xiao Yun , Lim Einly 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA monolithic, fully coupled fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) computational framework was developed to account for dissection flap motion in acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD). Analysis of results included wall deformation, pressure, flow, wall shear stress (WSS), von Mises stress and comparison of hemodynamics between rigid wall and FSI models. Our FSI model mimicked realistic wall deformation that resulted in maximum compression of the distal true lumen (TL) by 21.4%. The substantial movement of intimal flap mostly affected flow conditions in the false lumen (FL). Flap motion facilitated more flow entering the FL at peak systole, with the TL to FL flow split changing from 88:12 in the rigid model to 83:17 in the FSI model. There was more disturbed flow in the FL during systole (5.8% FSI vs 5.2% rigid) and diastole (13.5% FSI vs 9.8% rigid), via a λ2 ‐criterion. The flap‐induced disturbed flow near the tears in the FSI model caused an increase of local WSS by up to 70.0% during diastole. This resulted in a significant reduction in the size of low time‐averaged WSS (TAWSS) regions in the FL (113.11 cm2 FSI vs 177.44 cm2 rigid). Moreover, the FSI model predicted lower systolic pressure, higher diastolic pressure, and hence lower pulse pressure. Our results provided new insights into the possible impact of flap motion on flow in aortic dissections, which are particularly important when evaluating hemodynamics of acute TBAD.Novelty StatementOur monolithic fully coupled FSI computational framework is able to reproduce experimentally measured range of flap deformation in aortic dissection, thereby providing novel insights into the influence of physiological flap motion on the flow and pressure distributions. The drastic flap movement increases the flow resistance in the true lumen and causes more disturbed flow in the false lumen, as visualized through the λ2 criterion. The flap‐induced luminal pressure is dampened, thereby affecting pressure measures, which may serve as potential prognostic indicators for late complications in acute uncomplicated TBAD patients.
Longitudinal effects of family psychopathology and stress on pubertal maturation and hormone coupling in adolescent twins
Authors: Phan Jenny M. , Van Hulle Carol A. , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. , Schmidt Nicole L. , Goldsmith H. Hill 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdolescents experience profound neuroendocrine changes, including hormone “coupling” between cortisol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone. Emerging research has only begun to elucidate the role of hormone coupling, its genetic and environmental etiology, and the extent to which coupling is impacted by gender, puberty, and family context. We included measures on parent and child mental health, parenting stress, and family conflict of 444 twin pairs and their parents across two timepoints, when youth were on average 8 and 13 years old, respectively. Structural equation models examined the impact of family context effects on coupling during adolescence. Biometric twin models were then used to probe additive genetic, shared, and non‐shared environmental effects on hormone coupling. Hormones were more tightly coupled for females than males, and coupling was sensitive to parental depression and co‐twin psychopathology symptoms and stress exposure in females. The association between family context and coupling varied across specific neuroendocrine measures and was largely distinct from pubertal maturation. Biometric models revealed robust shared and non‐shared environmental influences on coupling. We found that family antecedents modify the strength of coupling. Environmental influences account for much of the variation on coupling during puberty. Gender differences were found in genetic influences on coupling.
Coinfecting parasites can modify fluctuating selection dynamics in host–parasite coevolution
Authors: Seppälä Otto , Lively Curtis M. , Jokela Jukka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenetically specific interactions between hosts and parasites can lead to coevolutionary fluctuations in their genotype frequencies over time. Such fluctuating selection dynamics are, however, expected to occur only under specific circumstances (e.g., high fitness costs of infection to the hosts). The outcomes of host–parasite interactions are typically affected by environmental/ecological factors, which could modify coevolutionary dynamics. For instance, individual hosts are often infected with more than one parasite species and interactions between them can alter host and parasite performance. We examined the potential effects of coinfections by genetically specific (i.e., coevolving) and nonspecific (i.e., generalist) parasite species on fluctuating selection dynamics using numerical simulations. We modeled coevolution (a) when hosts are exposed to a single parasite species that must genetically match the host to infect, (b) when hosts are also exposed to a generalist parasite that increases fitness costs to the hosts, and (c) when coinfecting parasites compete for the shared host resources. Our results show that coinfections can enhance fluctuating selection dynamics when they increase fitness costs to the hosts. Under resource competition, coinfections can either enhance or suppress fluctuating selection dynamics, depending on the characteristics (i.e., fecundity, fitness costs induced to the hosts) of the interacting parasites.