bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting responsiveness to information: consumer acceptance of biotechnology in animal products
Authors: Ortega David L , Lusk Jayson L , Lin Wen , Caputo Vincenzina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We propose a novel framework using individual choice data and Bayesian updating to predict which consumers are most responsive to information—namely those consumers whose pre-information choices reveal a high level of uncertainty surrounding their preferences. We apply our method to the study of consumer acceptance of genetically modified animal products, which prior research has revealed is a particularly polarising subject. Utilising conditional willingness-to-pay estimates from mixed logit models, we find that individuals with higher preference uncertainty prior to receiving information are most responsive. Implications of our results are discussed in the context of recent breakthroughs in biotechnology.
Impact of myocardial fibrosis on left ventricular remodelling, recovery, and outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in different haemodynamic subtypes of severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Puls Miriam , Beuthner Bo Eric , Topci Rodi , Vogelgesang Anja , Bleckmann Annalen , Sitte Maren , Lange Torben , Backhaus Sören Jan , Schuster Andreas , Seidler Tim , Kutschka Ingo , Toischer Karl , Zeisberg Elisabeth Maria , Jacobshagen Claudius , Hasenfuß Gerd 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) might represent a key player in pathophysiology of heart failure in aortic stenosis (AS). We aimed to assess its impact on left ventricular (LV) remodelling, recovery, and mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in different AS subtypes.

Methods and results
One hundred patients with severe AS were prospectively characterized clinically and echocardiographically at baseline (BL), 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following TAVI. Left ventricular biopsies were harvested after valve deployment. Myocardial fibrosis was assessed after Masson’s trichrome staining, and fibrotic area was calculated as percentage of total tissue area. Patients were stratified according to MF above (MF+) or below (MF−) median percentage MF (≥11% or &lt;11%). Myocardial fibrosis burden differed significantly between AS subtypes, with highest levels in low ejection fraction (EF), low-gradient AS and lowest levels in normal EF, high-gradient AS (29.5 ± 26.4% vs. 13.5 ± 16.1%, P = 0.003). In the entire cohort, MF+ was significantly associated with poorer LV function, higher extent of pathological LV remodelling, and more pronounced clinical heart failure at BL. After TAVI, MF+ was associated with a delay in normalization of LV geometry and function but not per se with absence of reverse remodelling and clinical improvement. However, 22 patients died during follow-up (mean, 11 months), and 14 deaths were classified as cardiovascular (CV) (n = 9 arrhythmia-associated). Importantly, 13 of 14 CV deaths occurred in MF+ patients (CV mortality 26.5% in MF+ vs. 2% in MF− patients, P = 0.0003). Multivariate analysis identified MF+ as independent predictor of CV mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 27.4 (2.0–369), P = 0.01].

Conclusion
Histological MF is associated with AS-related pathological LV remodelling and independently predicts CV mortality after TAVI.
Allotype-specific processing of the CD16a N45-glycan from primary human natural killer cells and monocytes
Authors: Patel Kashyap R , Roberts Jacob T , Barb Adam W 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFc γ receptor IIIa/CD16a is an activating cell surface receptor with a well-defined role in natural killer (NK) cell and monocyte effector function. The extracellular domain is decorated with five asparagine (N)-linked glycans; N-glycans at N162 and N45 directly contribute to high-affinity antibody binding and protein stability. N-glycan structures at N162 showed significant donor-dependent variation in a recent study of CD16a isolated from primary human NK cells, but structures at N45 were relatively homogeneous. In this study, we identified variations in N45 glycan structures associated with a polymorphism coding for histidine instead of leucine at position 48 of CD16a from two heterozygous donors. It is known that H48 homozygous individuals suffer from immunodeficiency and recurrent viral infections. A mass spectrometry analysis of protein isolated from the primary natural killer cells of individuals expressing both CD16a L48 and H48 variants demonstrated clear processing differences at N45. CD16a H48 displayed a greater proportion of complex-type N45 glycans compared to the more common L48 allotype with predominantly hybrid N45-glycoforms. Structures at the four other N-glycosylation sites showed minimal differences from data collected on donors expressing only the predominant L48 variant. CD16a H48 purified from a pool of monocytes similarly displayed increased processing at N45. Here, we provide evidence that CD16a processing is affected by the H48 residue in primary NK cells and monocytes from healthy human donors.
Early life factors for endometriosis: a systematic review
Authors: Olšarová Karolína , Mishra Gita D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Despite its high prevalence and health burden, many aspects of endometriosis remain unclear, including risk factors and the underlying biological mechanisms. Exposures during early life, including in utero, are thought to play an important role in the subsequent onset of the condition. To date, however, much of the evidence from studies on early life exposures and diagnosed endometriosis appears mixed and difficult to assess.

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
This study aims to provide a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence on early life factors associated with the subsequent diagnosis of endometriosis. In utero and early life exposures have previously been linked to a range of adult health outcomes, including infertility.

SEARCH METHODS
A systematic review of case–control, cross-sectional and cohort studies was conducted using the search terms ‘endometriosis’[MeSH] AND (‘risk factors’[MeSH] OR ‘protective factors’[MeSH]) AND (‘in utero’, ‘fetal’, ‘neonatal, ‘perinatal’, ‘developmental origins’, ‘early life’, ‘childhood’ OR ‘life course’) in Embase, PubMed and Scopus databases. The review included articles published in English until 10 June 2018 with original data from studies with diagnosed endometriosis. The quality of primary studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale by both authors independently. Due to the degree of inconsistency in the measurements and study methods, a qualitative assessment of findings was undertaken rather than meta-analysis.

OUTCOMES
The search retrieved 70 records without duplicates that contained 20 records on human case–control, cross-sectional or cohort studies, from which 11 papers/studies were selected based on their assessment score. The majority of studies found that women born with low birthweight (&lt;2.5 kg or &lt;5.5 lb) were more likely to be diagnosed with endometriosis. For other early life factors, the evidence is mixed or limited, with further research needed on the association of endometriosis with preterm birth, in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol and to maternal smoking, passive smoking in early life, and infant formula feeding (compared with breastfeeding).

WIDER IMPLICATIONS
While the weight of evidence points to low birthweight as a risk factor for diagnosis of endometriosis, future research is warranted on this and other key early life exposures where the findings are mixed to provide more robust evidence and for insights on potential causal pathways. Such research, however, needs to address current methodological issues, such as the use of prospective data from large population-based studies, better diagnostic methods to confirm disease free status, more consistent definitions of variables and consideration of potential biological mechanisms to guide the analyses. The improvements will advance the future synthesis of evidence to support clinically relevant risk assessment for a more timely diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.
The Economic Strategies of U.S. Nonproliferation Policy during the Nixon-Ford Years
Authors: Sarkar Jayita 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Much of international relations scholarship attributes the United States’ commitment to prevent the global spread of nuclear weapons as the outcome of US national security interests. Yet, US nonproliferation policy comprises a compelling set of economic goals and strategies, beyond economic sanctions. Without incorporating economic factors and actors, and their convergence with the Cold War US national security state, the understanding of US nonproliferation policy remains incomplete. The 1970s challenged US postwar economic preeminence through the “Nixon shock,” the end of dollar convertibility to gold of the Bretton Woods system, and the 1973 oil price shock. Concurrently, the United States’ market share in terms of global nuclear reactor sales declined while those of West European suppliers like France and West Germany increased. This essay argues that US nonproliferation efforts, which in the Nixon-Ford era took the form of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) after India's 1974 nuclear explosion, were guided as much by security concerns about proliferation as by Washington's aim to reclaim its market share to protect US nuclear industry against West European competition.
Asteroid triple-system 2001 SN263: surface characteristics and dynamical environment
Authors: Winter O C , Valvano G , Moura T S , Borderes-Motta G , Amarante A , Sfair R 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The (153591) 2001 SN263 asteroid system, a target of the first Brazilian interplanetary space mission, is one of the known three triple systems within the population of near-Earth asteroids. One of the mission objectives is to collect data about the formation of this system. The analysis of these data will help in the investigation of the physical and dynamical structures of the components (Alpha, Beta, and Gamma) of this system, in order to find vestiges related to its origin. In this work, we assume the irregular shape of the 2001 SN263 system components as uniform-density polyhedra and computationally investigate the gravitational field generated by these bodies. The goal is to explore the dynamical characteristics of the surface and environment around each component. Then, taking into account the rotational speed, we analyse their topographic features through the quantities geometric altitude, tilt, geopotential, slope, and surface accelerations among others. Additionally, the investigation of the environment around the bodies made it possible to construct zero-velocity curves, which delimit the location of equilibrium points. The Alpha component has a peculiar number of 12 equilibrium points, all of them located very close to its surface. In the cases of Beta and Gamma, we found four equilibrium points not so close to their surfaces. Then, performing numerical experiments around their equilibrium points, we identified the location and size of just one stable region, which is associated with an equilibrium point around Beta. Finally, we integrated a spherical cloud of particles around Alpha and identified the location on the surface of Alpha where the particles have fallen.
The UTMOST survey for magnetars, intermittent pulsars, RRATs, and FRBs – I. System description and overview
Authors: Venkatraman Krishnan V , Flynn C , Farah W , Jameson A , Bailes M , Osłowski S , Bateman T , Gupta V , van Straten W , Keane E F , Barr E D , Bhandari S , Caleb M , Campbell-Wilson D , Day C K , Deller A , Green A J , Hunstead R , Jankowski F , Lower M E , Parthasarathy A , Plant K , Price D C , Rosado P A , Temby D 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We describe the ongoing ‘survey for magnetars, intermittent pulsars, rotating radio transients, and fast radio bursts’ (SMIRF), performed using the newly refurbished UTMOST telescope. SMIRF repeatedly sweeps the southern Galactic plane performing real-time periodicity and single pulse searches, and is the first survey of its kind carried out with an interferometer. SMIRF is facilitated by a robotic scheduler which is capable of fully autonomous commensal operations. We report on the SMIRF observational parameters, the data analysis methods, the survey’s sensitivity to pulsars, techniques to mitigate radio frequency interference, and present some early survey results. UTMOST’s wide field of view permits a full sweep of the Galactic plane to be performed every fortnight, two orders of magnitude faster than previous surveys. In six months of operations from 2018 January to June, we have performed ∼10 sweeps of the Galactic plane with SMIRF. Notable blind redetections include the magnetar PSR J1622−4950, the RRAT PSR J0941−3942 and the eclipsing pulsar PSR J1748−2446A. We also report the discovery of a new pulsar, PSR J1659−54. Our follow-up of this pulsar at an average flux limit of ≤20 mJy, categorizes this as an intermittent pulsar with a high nulling fraction of &lt;0.002.
circSamd4 represses myogenic transcriptional activity of PUR proteins
Authors: Pandey Poonam R , Yang Jen-Hao , Tsitsipatis Dimitrios , Panda Amaresh C , Noh Ji Heon , Kim Kyoung Mi , Munk Rachel , Nicholson Thomas , Hanniford Douglas , Argibay Diana , Yang Xiaoling , Martindale Jennifer L , Chang Ming-Wen , Jones Simon W , Hernando Eva , Sen Payel , De Supriyo , Abdelmohsen Kotb , Gorospe Myriam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
By interacting with proteins and nucleic acids, the vast family of mammalian circRNAs is proposed to influence many biological processes. Here, RNA sequencing analysis of circRNAs differentially expressed during myogenesis revealed that circSamd4 expression increased robustly in mouse C2C12 myoblasts differentiating into myotubes. Moreover, silencing circSamd4, which is conserved between human and mouse, delayed myogenesis and lowered the expression of myogenic markers in cultured myoblasts from both species. Affinity pulldown followed by mass spectrometry revealed that circSamd4 associated with PURA and PURB, two repressors of myogenesis that inhibit transcription of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein family. Supporting the hypothesis that circSamd4 might complex with PUR proteins and thereby prevent their interaction with DNA, silencing circSamd4 enhanced the association of PUR proteins with the Mhc promoter, while overexpressing circSamd4 interfered with the binding of PUR proteins to the Mhc promoter. These effects were abrogated when using a mutant circSamd4 lacking the PUR binding site. Our results indicate that the association of PUR proteins with circSamd4 enhances myogenesis by contributing to the derepression of MHC transcription.
Complex impact of DNA methylation on transcriptional dysregulation across 22 human cancer types
Authors: Wang Zishan , Yin Jiaqi , Zhou Weiwei , Bai Jing , Xie Yunjin , Xu Kang , Zheng Xiangyi , Xiao Jun , Zhou Li , Qi Xiaolin , Li Yongsheng , Li Xia , Xu Juan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that transcriptional regulation is affected by DNA methylation. Understanding the perturbation of DNA methylation-mediated regulation between transcriptional factors (TFs) and targets is crucial for human diseases. However, the global landscape of DNA methylation-mediated transcriptional dysregulation (DMTD) across cancers has not been portrayed. Here, we systematically identified DMTD by integrative analysis of transcriptome, methylome and regulatome across 22 human cancer types. Our results revealed that transcriptional regulation was affected by DNA methylation, involving hundreds of methylation-sensitive TFs (MethTFs). In addition, pan-cancer MethTFs, the regulatory activity of which is generally affected by DNA methylation across cancers, exhibit dominant functional characteristics and regulate several cancer hallmarks. Moreover, pan-cancer MethTFs were found to be affected by DNA methylation in a complex pattern. Finally, we investigated the cooperation among MethTFs and identified a network module that consisted of 43 MethTFs with prognostic potential. In summary, we systematically dissected the transcriptional dysregulation mediated by DNA methylation across cancer types, and our results provide a valuable resource for both epigenetic and transcriptional regulation communities.
Relevance Theory
Authors: Allott Nicholas 
Published: January 2020

Relevance·theory, one of the leading research programs in pragmatics, aims to provide a psychologically realistic, explicit account of communication. It makes foundational claims about both cognition in general and utterances and how they are processed in particular. The former is the cognitive principle of relevance: cognition tends to seek maximal relevance, where an input to a cognitive process is more relevant the more positive effects it has on the mind’s representations of the world, and less relevant the greater the effort required to derive them. On this view, we have a built-in tendency to seek the greatest possible payoff for the least possible effort. Of course, there is no guarantee that an input to a cognitive process will be relevant. But communication is special. Speakers want to be understood, and they therefore tailor their utterances to their audience. Relevance theory claims that this raises a defeasible expectation that the utterance will be “optimally relevant”; that is, that it is both relevant enough to be worth processing and as relevant as the speaker is willing and able to make it. (This is the communicative principle of relevance.) It further claims that this mandates the relevance-theoretic comprehension heuristic: a fast and frugal procedure dedicated to processing utterances. Relevance theory claims that what a speaker communicates falls into two classes: explicatures, which are defined as propositions that are developments of the logical form of the sentence uttered; and other propositions conveyed, which are implicatures. A further fundamental assumption of relevance theory is that linguistically encoded meaning radically underdetermines the content that a speaker intends to convey. Much research has focused on investigating this linguistic underdetermination and on developing accounts of the interpretation of particular linguistic items and types of utterances. Specific areas of research include lexical pragmatics; figurative speech, including metaphor and irony; the interpretation of discourse connectives and linguistic items that have non-truth-conditional meaning; and the interpretation of logical linguistic items such as and, if . . . then, and negation. Turning briefly to the history of the field: relevance theory is grounded both in the philosopher Paul Grice’s work on meaning and conversation, and the conceptual and methodological advances of the cognitive revolution in linguistics and psychology. It was initially developed by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson in the late 1970s and 1980s; both continue to be active in developing the theory. Other key contributors include Diane Blakemore, who introduced the notion of procedural meaning, and Robyn Carston, who is best known for her work on the semantics/pragmatics interface and linguistic underdeterminacy. Relevance theory has contributed considerably to the burgeoning fields of experimental and developmental pragmatics, and it is in dialogue with philosophy of language.
Alcohol use and mental health symptoms in female firefighter recruits
Authors: Gulliver S B , Zimering R T , Dobani F , Pennington M L , Morissette S B , Kamholz B W , Knight J A , Keane T M , Kimbrel N A , Carpenter T P , Meyer E C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Limited research suggests that female firefighters report problem drinking at higher rates than the general population.

Aims
To identify longitudinal drinking patterns in female firefighters, make comparisons to male firefighters and examine problem drinking in relation to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.

Methods
Study participants included 33 female and 289 male firefighter recruits, who were assessed over their first 3 years of fire service.

Results
Female firefighters consumed increasing numbers of drinks per week, with a median of 0.90 drinks per week at baseline, and 1.27 drinks in year 3. Female firefighters reported binge drinking at high rates, with nearly half binging at least once per year across all time points (44–74%). The percentage that reported binge drinking three or more times per month doubled over the course of the study (from 9% to 18%). Overall, males reported higher rates of binge drinking and a greater number of drinks per week; however, binge drinking rates among females increased over time and became comparable to rates of binge drinking among males. A greater percentage of female than male firefighters met the criteria for problem drinking by year 1. Problem drinking was associated with screening positive for PTSD at year 1 and depression at year 2, but not with occupational injury.

Conclusions
Over time, female firefighters reported increasing amounts of drinking, more frequent binge drinking and more negative consequences from drinking. These findings along with existing literature indicate female firefighters change their drinking in the direction of their male counterparts.
What Do Partisan Donors Want?
Authors: Broockman David , Malhotra Neil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Influential theories indicate concern that campaign donors exert outsized political influence. However, little data have documented what donors actually want from government, and existing research has devoted less attention to donors’ views on individual issues. Findings from an original survey of US donors, including an oversample of the largest donors, and a concurrently fielded mass survey document significant heterogeneity by party and policy domain in how donors’ and citizens’ views diverge. We find that Republican donors are much more conservative than Republican citizens on economic issues, whereas their views are similar on social issues. By contrast, Democratic donors are much more liberal than Democratic citizens on social issues, whereas their views are more similar on economic issues. Both parties’ donors, but especially Democratic donors, are more pro-globalism than their citizen counterparts. We replicate these patterns in an independent dataset. Our findings have important implications for the study of American politics.
Obesity prevention in early care and education: a comparison of licensing regulations across Canadian provinces and territories
Authors: Vercammen Kelsey A , Frelier Johannah M , Poole Mary Kathryn , Kenney Erica L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Early care and education (ECE) settings represent an important point of intervention for childhood obesity prevention efforts. The objective of this paper was to compare ECE licensing regulations for each Canadian province/territory to evidence-based, obesity prevention standards.

Methods
Two authors reviewed existing ECE regulations for each province/territory and examined whether the regulatory text supported standards for nutrition (n = 11), physical activity (n = 5) and screen time (n = 4). Provinces/territories were evaluated on the strength of regulatory language for each standard (i.e. fully, partially, or not addressed) and a total comprehensiveness score (maximum score of 20). ECE centres and homes were examined separately.

Results
The majority of provinces/territories required providers to follow Canada’s Food Guide, but few had regulations for specific foods or beverages. Most provinces/territories included standards related to written menus and drinking water, but the strength of these standards was weak. Many provinces/territories required physical activity and outdoor opportunities to be provided daily, but few included a time requirement. Only two provinces included any screen time standards. Total comprehensiveness scores averaged 5.7 for centres and 5.4 for homes.

Conclusions
Canadian provinces/territories have insufficient obesity prevention regulations in ECE settings, highlighting a potential point of intervention to prevent obesity.