bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inaccessibility to double‐stranded RNAs in plastids restricts RNA interference in Bemisia tabaci (whitefly)
Authors: Dong Yi , Yang Yong , Wang Zican , Wu Mengting , Fu Jinqiu , Guo Jianyang , Chang Ling , Zhang Jiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundRNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising technology for insect pest control. Because of the accumulation of high levels of long double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) in plastids, it was previously shown that expression of dsRNAs from plastid genome led to higher mortality of some insect pests with chewing mouthparts than dsRNAs expression from nuclear genome. However, whether plastid‐expressed dsRNAs have effects on phloem sap‐sucking pests is unknown. In this study, we compared the RNAi effects of nuclear transgenic and transplastomic plants on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a serious sap‐sucking pest.ResultsNuclear transgenic and transplastomic tobacco plants were developed for the expression of dsRNA against BtACTB gene of Bemisia tabaci, respectively. Feeding nuclear transgenic plants to Bemisia tabaci resulted in reduced gene expression of BtACTB and survival rate, and impaired fecundity of Bemisia tabaci. We did not observe any effects of transplastomic plants on Bemisia tabaci fitness. Furthermore, we found that the inability of B. tabaci to obtain dsRNAs from plastids might restrict its RNAi responses.ConclusionOur study indicated that the expression of dsRNAs in nuclear transgenic plants was more effective than that in transplastomic plants for the control of Bemisia tabaci. The inaccessibility of Bemisia tabaci to plastids contributes to the inefficiency of plastid‐mediated RNAi. Our findings are of great significance to future optimization of transgenically delivered RNAi approaches for efficient controlling of sap‐sucking pests. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Addressing the causes of large‐scale circulation error in the Met Office Unified Model
Authors: Williams K. D. , van Niekerk A. , Best M. J. , Lock A. P. , Brooke J. K. , Carvalho M. J. , Derbyshire S. H. , Dunstan T. D. , Rumbold H. S. , Sandu I. , Sexton D. M. H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Met Office Unified Model develops a systematic error consisting of a large high‐pressure bias over the North Pole. The error begins to develop early in numerical weather prediction forecasts and is the leading large‐scale circulation error in the model's climatological mean, with implications for principle circulation regimes and blocking. The cause of the error is investigated using a variety of diagnostic techniques, including analysis of a perturbed parameter ensemble for the model, evaluation of changes in both weather and climate simulations to minimise the risk of introducing compensating errors, and detailed comparisons with another model. A reduction in this systematic error is achieved through an overall reduction in the near‐surface drag; however, to accomplish this without affecting forecast predictability adversely, a redistribution of the drag is required between the roughness from vegetation in the land‐surface scheme, the near‐surface drag from the orographic gravity‐wave drag scheme, the turbulent orographic form drag, and the resolved drag (through changing the orographic filtering). A modest reduction in the climatological bias is achieved, along with a reduction in bias and improved predictability of near‐surface winds.
Shannon entropy and Fisher information for screened Kratzer potential
Authors: Amadi Precious O. , Ikot Akpan N. , Ngiangia Alalibo T. , Okorie Uduakobong S. , Rampho Gaotsiwe J. , Abdullah Hewa Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, Shannon entropy and Fisher information is studied for the screened Kratzer potential model and compared with the screened Coulomb in three dimensions. Our results showed similar higher‐order characteristic behavior for position and momentum space. Our numerical results showed that increases in the accuracy of predicting particle location occurred in the position space. Our result shows that the sum of the position and momentum entropies satisfies the lower‐bound Berkner, Bialynicki‐Birula, and Mycieslki inequality. The Stam‐Cramer‐Rao inequalities relation for Fisher information and the expectation values were also satisfied for the different eigenstates.
Revealing 35 years of landcover dynamics in floodplains of trained lowland rivers using satellite data
Authors: Harezlak Valesca , Geerling Gertjan W. , Rogers Christine K. , Penning W. Ellis , Augustijn Denie C. M. , Hulscher Suzanne J. M. H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLacking substantial erosive and sedimentation forces, regulated rivers allow their floodplains to become overgrown with forest, increasing the flood risk of the hinterland. In the Netherlands, floodplains have therefore been subjected to interventions, like clear cutting, lowering and creation of side channels, and management, consisting of grazing and mowing. However, the comprehension of how those activities influence landcover dynamics is lacking. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate long‐term landcover dynamics of a regulated river system through the lens of remote sensing. What transitions between landcover classes can be observed? And how (if) do management and interventions impact succession and retrogression of landcover classes? The study area comprised the upstream part of the Dutch Rhine River, its three branches and five adjacent floodplains. Satellite data (LandSat 5 and 8), encompassing a 35‐year period (1984–2018), were used for studying landcover dynamics. Landcover classification was based on seven classes: water, built‐up area, bare substrate, grass, herbaceous vegetation, shrubs and forest. Retrogression was highest for the landcover classes obstructing water flow (shrubs, forest and herbaceous vegetation), succession was most frequent on bare substrate, and water and grass were the most stable landcover classes. The regulated nature of the system became apparent from the spatial and temporal cacophony of landcover dynamics which differ from those of natural meandering rivers. This study showed that satellite data are useful for analyzing the impact of human activities within floodplains of regulated rivers and may assist in floodplain management aimed at combining water safety and nature policies.
Oral exposure of titanium oxide nanoparticles induce ileum physical barrier dysfunction via Th1/Th2 imbalance
Authors: Yao Liyang , Tang Yizhou , Chen Bolu , Hong Wuding , Xu Xinyue , Liu Yang , Aguilar Zoraida P. , Xu Hengyi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, we aimed to evaluate the adverse effects and the mechanism of intestinal barrier caused by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). Here, the effects of two different dosages (300 and 1200 mg/kg) of TiO2 NPs on female mice (n = 5) were investigated. After 28‐day oral exposure, the results of Ti content were significantly increased in the ileum in comparison with the control. The histopathological structure index of the ileum was significantly changed after TiO2 NPs exposure; villi height and crypt depth were decreased and increased, respectively. Meanwhile, TiO2 NPs treatment also significantly altered the transcription levels of genes. First, the GATA‐3 and STAT‐4 were upregulation and downregulation, respectively. Second, gene expressions of the Zonula Occludens‐1, claudin (CLDN)‐12, occludin, and myosin light chain kinase were significantly upregulated, while the CLDN‐3 was decreased. Finally, the caspase‐3, caspase‐9, and caspase‐12 were upregulated. The results of TUNEL staining indicated apoptosis in the ileum. In general, TiO2 NPs treatment significantly changed the intestine physical barrier in a dose‐dependent manner. The toxicity of TiO2 NPs could be through the imbalance in the Th1/Th2.
Immune landscape and a novel immunotherapy-related gene signature associated with clinical outcome in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bao Xuanwen , Shi Run , Zhao Tianyu , Wang Yanfang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibit different overall survival (OS) rates and immunotherapy responses. Understanding the immune landscape facilitates the personalized treatment of LUAD. The immune cell populations in tumour tissues were quantified to depict the immune landscape in early-stage LUAD patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Early-stage LUAD patients in three immune clusters identified by the immune landscape exhibited different survival potentials. A prognostic immune-related gene signature was built to predict the survival of early-stage LUAD patients. Several machine learning methods (support vector machine, naive Bayes, random forest, and neural network-based deep learning) were applied to train the classifiers to identify the immune clusters in early-stage LUAD based on the gene signature. The four classifiers exhibited a robust effect in identifying the immune clusters. A random forest regression model identified that TP53 was the most important gene mutation associated with the immune-related signature. Furthermore, a decision tree and a nomogram were constructed based on the immune-related gene signature and clinicopathological traits to improve risk stratification and quantify risk assessment for individual patients. Five external test cohorts were applied to validate the accuracy of the immune-related signature. Our study might contribute to the development of immunotherapy and the personalized treatment of early-stage LUAD.

Key messages

Immune landscape correlates with the clinical outcome of early-stage adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Machine learning methods identifies a prognostic gene signature to predict the survival and prognosis of early-stage LUAD.

TP53 gene mutation status correlates with the immune landscape in early-stage LUAD.
Model-based monitoring of temperatures and heat flows in the milling cutter
Authors: Augspurger T. , Da Silva G. , Schraknepper D. , Mattfeld P. , Bergs T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe quantification of the heat flow distribution in the cutting zone is still an unsolved problem from an analytical as well as experimental perspective. Yet the heat flows into the tool and the time-variant temperature fields in the tool significantly influence the tool wear rate. This publication shows the results of a model extended measuring approach in order to monitor as well as investigate heat flows and their partitioning in the milling process under dry conditions. Therefore, the cutting power in the process was measured by means of a dynamometer as well as the temperature in the tool by an embedded thermocouple. The time response of the embedded thermocouple was accounted by an analytical time response function. By further data post processing of the temperature, the heat flow into the tool was inversely determined by comparison of the measured temperature trend at a distinct point with an analytically modeled, transient temperature as a solution of the heat conduction equations by a Green’s function. As input into the analytical model, an iteratively determined partition of the measured time-variant cutting power signal was used. The results showed a decreasing heat partition into the tool with rising cutting velocity. The introduced approach is a valuable tool not only to determine the heat partition in the milling process but also to understand and monitor the comprehensive thermo-mechanical conditions in the cutting zone. Understanding and monitoring thermo-mechanical conditions in the cutting process finally enable the exploitation of economic and ecologic process potentials.
An Improved FPT Algorithm for Independent Feedback Vertex Set
Authors: Li Shaohua , Pilipczuk Marcin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study the Independent Feedback Vertex Set problem — a variant of the classic Feedback Vertex Set problem where, given a graph G and an integer k, the problem is to decide whether there exists a vertex set $S\subseteq V(G)$
S
⊆
V
(
G
)
such that G ∖ S is a forest and S is an independent set of size at most k. We present an $\mathcal {O}^{\ast }((1+\varphi ^{2})^{k})$

O

∗

(

(
1
+

φ

2

)

k

)
-time FPT algorithm for this problem, where φ < 1.619 is the golden ratio, improving the previous fastest $\mathcal {O}^{\ast }(4.1481^{k})$

O

∗

(
4.148

1

k

)
-time algorithm given by Agrawal et al. (2016). The exponential factor in our time complexity bound matches the fastest deterministic FPT algorithm for the classic Feedback Vertex Set problem. On the technical side, the main novelty is a refined measure of an input instance in a branching process, that allows for a simpler and more concise description and analysis of the algorithm.
Integrating Place Attachment into Management Frameworks: Exploring Place Attachment Across the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum
Authors: Wynveen Christopher J. , Schneider Ingrid E. , Arnberger Arne , Cottrell Stuart , von Ruschkowski Eick 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe importance of place in landscape management and outdoor recreation has been prominent in the literature since the 1970s. As such, calls to incorporate place into the management of parks, forests, and other protected areas exist. However, little work explores how place attachment may complement existing management frameworks. Hence, the purpose of this investigation was to explore levels of visitors’ place attachment intensity across the six classes of the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS). Survey data collected in North America and Europe indicated there was more similarity in place attachment intensities among areas classified toward the less developed end of the ROS, while greater variation existed among the more developed sites. Observing place attachment across all six ROS classes allowed for a deeper understanding of the correlation between place and the management framework.
Truthful fair division without free disposal
Authors: Bei Xiaohui , Huzhang Guangda , Suksompong Warut 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study the problem of fairly dividing a heterogeneous resource, commonly known as cake cutting and chore division, in the presence of strategic agents. While a number of results in this setting have been established in previous works, they rely crucially on thefree disposalassumption, meaning that the mechanism is allowed to throw away part of the resource at no cost. In the present work, we remove this assumption and focus on mechanisms that always allocate the entire resource. We exhibit a truthful and envy-free mechanism for cake cutting and chore division for two agents with piecewise uniform valuations, and we complement our result by showing that such a mechanism does not exist when certain additional constraints are imposed on the mechanisms. Moreover, we provide bounds on the efficiency of mechanisms satisfying various properties, and give truthful mechanisms for multiple agents with restricted classes of valuations.
Can we predict the altered subjective quality assessment of sound after ear canal surgery?
Authors: Zwemstra M. R. , Brienesse P. , Ebbens F. A. , de Wolf M. J. F. , van Spronsen E. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To correlate the subjective quality assessment of ear canal acoustics of the participants to the objective measurement of the ear canal acoustics. The objective ear canal acoustics is the frequency-dependent modulation of soundwaves through the ear canal. Our second objective is to design a model to predict the subjective quality of sound based on the altered objective ear canal acoustics.

Methods
To determine the frequency-dependent modulation of the soundwaves the real-ear unaided gain (REUG) of the ear canal is measured. 40 participants with normal hearing were presented six simulated sound fragments representing the acoustic properties of six different ear canals (REUG). These six sound fragments were built based on the difference between these six REUGs and the average REUG of a normal adult ear canal. Subjective sound quality was evaluated using a VAS score and a paired comparison score.

Results
We found a strong correlation between the objective ear canal acoustics and the subjective assessment of the quality of sound (Spearman’s rho—0.89). Our linear mixed VAS model for individual participants has an intercept of 95.6 and a slope of − 4.2 (p < 0.001). The paired comparison analysis endorsed our findings that an increased difference in REUG is predictive for a decreased quality assessment of ear canal acoustics.

Conclusion
There is a strong correlation between the subjective evaluation of ear canal acoustics and the objective quality assessment of ear canal acoustics. Our models show that an increased difference in REUG predicts a decreased quality of ear canal acoustics.
Parallel and serial task processing in the PRP paradigm: a drift–diffusion model approach
Authors: Mattes André , Tavera Felice , Ophey Anja , Roheger Mandy , Gaschler Robert , Haider Hilde 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEven after a long time of research on dual-tasking, the question whether the two tasks are always processed serially (response selection bottleneck models, RSB) or also in parallel (capacity-sharing models) is still going on. The first models postulate that the central processing stages of two tasks cannot overlap, producing a central processing bottleneck in Task 2. The second class of models posits that cognitive resources are shared between the central processing stages of two tasks, allowing for parallel processing. In a series of three experiments, we aimed at inducing parallel vs. serial processing by manipulating the relative frequency of short vs. long SOAs (Experiments 1 and 2) and including no-go trials in Task 2 (Experiment 3). Beyond the conventional response time (RT) analyses, we employed drift–diffusion model analyses to differentiate between parallel and serial processing. Even though our findings were rather consistent across the three experiments, they neither support unambiguously the assumptions derived from the RSB model nor those derived from capacity-sharing models. SOA frequency might lead to an adaptation to frequent time patterns. Overall, our diffusion model results and mean RTs seem to be better explained by participant’s time expectancies.
Possible molecular and cellular mechanisms at the basis of atmospheric electromagnetic field bioeffects
Authors: Cifra Michal , Apollonio Francesca , Liberti Micaela , García-Sánchez Tomás , Mir Lluis M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMechanisms of how electromagnetic (EM) field acts on biological systems are governed by the same physics regardless of the origin of the EM field (technological, atmospheric...), given that EM parameters are the same. We draw from a large body of literature of bioeffects of a man-made electromagnetic field. In this paper, we performed a focused review on selected possible mechanisms of how atmospheric electromagnetic phenomena can act at the molecular and cellular level. We first briefly review the range of frequencies and field strengths for both electric and magnetic fields in the atmosphere. Then, we focused on a concise description of the current knowledge on weak electric and magnetic field bioeffects with possible molecular mechanisms at the basis of possible EM field bioeffects combined with modeling strategies to estimate reliable outcomes and speculate about the biological effects linked to lightning or pyroelectricity. Indeed, we bring pyroelectricity as a natural source of voltage gradients previously unexplored. While very different from lightning, it can result in similar bioeffects based on similar mechanisms, which can lead to close speculations on the importance of these atmospheric electric fields in the evolution.
Mesozoic deposits of SW Gondwana (Namibia): unravelling Gondwanan sedimentary dispersion drivers by detrital zircon
Authors: Zieger J. , Harazim S. , Hofmann M. , Gärtner A. , Gerdes A. , Marko L. , Linnemann U. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Namibian Mesozoic successions may be remnant of a high dynamic sedimentary system that is characterized by multiple stages of sediment accumulation and erosion with contemporaneous homogenization starting with the deposition of the Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka Group strata and continues at least until the Lower Cretaceous. The Lower Cretaceous sedimentary system is interpreted to have involved at least an area covering the whole SW Gondwana, documenting the sedimentary history during the evolution from an ice house environment to an arid desert. To test the sediment homogenization hypothesis, we applied a combination of isotopic and morphometric data on detrital zircon grains, as well as whole-rock geochemical data of selected Mesozoic sandstones from Namibia. As a base for the interpretation of the detrital zircon age data we compiled a zircon age dataset with c. 44,000 analyses for the southern African region. All samples reveal a major detrital pan-African zircon age peak of c. 0.5–0.7 Ga sourced from the pan-African magmatic events occurring around the Kalahari Craton margin. The lowermost Triassic is characterized by the occurrence of additional Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic age peaks of c. 1.0–1.2 Ga and 1.8–2.0 Ga with a majority of zircon grains showing angular shapes. The protosource of these grains is interpreted to possibly be the Namaqua Metamorphic Complex and other Paleoproterozoic structural units deformed in course of the Namaqua orogeny. In contrast, other samples show a prominent Permo-Triassic age peak and completely rounded zircon grains, putatively derived from within the Gondwanides volcanic arc. The disparity in the zircon age pattern may point towards a change in provenance and also a change in the whole system of zircon recycling during the Mesozoic southern Gondwana. The Lower Triassic Neu Loore fm. are constrained to more local bedrock sources and short zircon transport distance. In contrast, zircon grains of the Middle Triassic Omingonde, the Jurassic Etjo und the Cretaceous Twyfelfontein formations are an expression for a major recycling and sediment homogenization system. The system was facilitated by an interplay between fluvial and eolian sedimentary transport systems.
A label-free biosensor based on graphene and reduced graphene oxide dual-layer for electrochemical determination of beta-amyloid biomarkers
Authors: Sethi Jagriti , Van Bulck Michiel , Suhail Ahmed , Safarzadeh Mina , Perez-Castillo Ana , Pan Genhua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA label-free biosensor is developed for the determination of plasma-based Aβ1–42 biomarker in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The platform is based on highly conductive dual-layer of graphene and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The modification of dual-layer with 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Pyr-NHS) is achieved to facilitate immobilization of H31L21 antibody. The effect of these modifications were studied with morphological, spectral and electrochemical techniques. The response of the biosensor was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The data was acquired at a working potential of ~ 180 mV and a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. A low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.398 pM is achieved over a wide linear range from 11 pM to 55 nM. The biosensor exhibits excellent specificity over Aβ1–40 and ApoE ε4 interfering species. Thus, it provides a viable tool for electrochemical determination of Aβ1–42. Spiked human and mice plasmas were used for the successful validation of the sensing platform in bio-fluidic samples. The results obtained from mice plasma analysis concurred with the immunohistochemistry (IHC) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data obtained from brain analysis.