bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Conventions to Protocols: Conceptualizing Changes to the International Dispute Resolution Landscape
Authors: Guo Yvonne 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The recently-concluded Singapore Mediation Convention and Hague Judgements Convention have aimed to facilitate the cross-border enforcement of mediated settlement agreements and court judgements in the same way that the New York Convention has facilitated the cross-border enforcement of arbitral awards. This shift in the international dispute resolution landscape is analysed on three levels: normative, strategic and operational. Drawing from theories of private international law, international political economy and comparative public policy, this article asserts that convergent public and private interests likely championed the elaboration of international conventions as a means of promoting harmonization in international dispute settlement. It demonstrates that while the conversion of court judgements and mediated settlement agreements into arbitral awards could also have facilitated their cross-border enforcement, the further development of new mechanisms that respond directly to commercial parties’ needs remains necessary to complement the evolving treaty framework.
Barriers and Facilitators to Involvement in Children’s Diabetes Management Among Minority Parents
Authors: Butler Ashley M , Hilliard Marisa E , Titus Courtney , Rodriguez Evadne , Al-Gadi Iman , Cole-Lewis Yasmin , Thompson Deborah 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to describe parents’ perceptions of the factors that facilitate or are barriers to their involvement in children’s type 1 diabetes (T1D) management among African American and Latino parents.

Methods
African American and Latino parents (N = 28) of 5- to 9-year-old children with T1D completed audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews that were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Themes were identified that aligned with the theoretically-derived Capability–Opportunity–Motivation–Behavior (COM-B) framework.

Results
Parents described Capability-based facilitators of parent involvement, including positive stress management, religious/spiritual coping, organizational/planning skills, and diabetes knowledge. Capability-based barriers included child and parent distress. Interpersonal relationships, degree of flexibility in work environments, and access to diabetes technologies were both Opportunity-based facilitators and barriers; and Opportunity-based barriers consisted of food insecurity/low financial resources. Parents’ desire for their child to have a “normal” life was described as both a Motivation-based facilitator and barrier.

Conclusions
African American and Latino families described helpful and unhelpful factors that spanned all aspects of the COM-B model. Reinforcing or targeting families’ unique psychological, interpersonal, and environmental strengths and challenges in multilevel interventions has potential to maximize parental involvement in children’s diabetes management.
Incidence and Clinical Outcomes of Streptococcus anginosus in Acute Complicated Sinusitis: A Pediatric Cohort
Authors: Troy Elizabeth , Sillau Stefan , Bernard Timothy J , Rao Suchitra 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 160 hospitalized children admitted for acute complicated sinusitis and compared children with S anginosus–associated infection to children with other or no pathogens identified. The incidence of S anginosus–associated infections increased 12% per year, and infections with S anginosus are associated with increased morbidity.
The GATA transcription factor GNC plays an important role in photosynthesis and growth in poplar
Authors: An Yi , Zhou Yangyan , Han Xiao , Shen Chao , Wang Shu , Liu Chao , Yin Weilun , Xia Xinli 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
GATA transcription factors are involved in the regulation of diverse growth processes and environmental responses in Arabidopsis and rice. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic survey of the GATA family in the woody perennial Populus trichocarpa. Thirty-nine Populus GATA genes were classified into four subfamilies based on gene structure and phylogenetic relationships. Predicted cis-elements suggested potential roles of poplar GATA genes in light, phytohormone, development, and stress responses. A poplar GATA gene, PdGATA19/PdGNC (GATA nitrate-inducible carbon-metabolism-involved), was identified from a fast growing poplar clone. PdGNC expression was significantly up-regulated in leaves under both high (50 mM) and low (0.2 mM) nitrate concentrations. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutant crispr-GNC showed severely retarded growth and enhanced secondary xylem differentiation. PdGNC-overexpressing transformants exhibited 25–30% faster growth, 20–28% higher biomass accumulation, and ~25% increase in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and plant height, compared with the wild type. Transcriptomic analysis showed that PdGNC was involved in photosynthetic electron transfer and carbon assimilation in the leaf, cell division and carbohydrate utilization in the stem, and nitrogen uptake in the root. These data indicated that PdGNC plays a crucial role in plant growth and is potentially useful in tree molecular breeding.
Joint Space Injection for Osteitis Pubis in an Airborne Jump Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Beall Jackson P , Oliver Joshua J , Bridwell Rachel E , Young Scott E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Osteitis Pubis (OP) is groin pain caused by overloading stresses on the pubic symphysis. This is often caused by the repetitive stress seen in competitive sports, but can also be caused by rapid acceleration or deceleration. It is a diagnosis of exclusion made after other entities such as fracture or infection are ruled out. It is often treated conservatively with rest, Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS), and Physical Therapy (PT). After these treatment modalities have failed, intra-articular injection with local anesthetics and steroids can be considered. We report a case of a 22-year-old Male Active Duty Army Soldier who presented with OP immediately after landing during a routine Airborne Jump exercise. The Soldier reported landing in such a way that his feet did not impact the ground at the same time, creating a sheering force on his pelvis. Following two months of failed treatment involving NSAIDS and PT, the patient was referred to Sports Medicine where he received an injection of 1 mL of 1% lidocaine and 40 mg of triamcinolone into the pubic symphysis joint space. Shortly afterward the patient endorses complete resolution of his symptoms without return of symptoms at 1-month follow-up. Although injection of the pubic symphysis with local anesthetic and steroids has been previously described, this is the first time it has been described in a jump injury.
Analysis of Factors and Conditions Influencing Military Neurosurgery Recruitment and Retention
Authors: Menger Richard , LeFever Devon C , Zuckerman Scott L , Robbins J Will , Bell Randy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction: The Defense Health Agency has shifted focus of military medicine to operational readiness. As such, neurosurgery remains a critical wartime specialty. We investigate the factors impacting recruitment and retention of military neurosurgeons. Methods: Survey of military neurosurgeons was performed via the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons Joint Committee of Military Neurosurgeons and the Council of State Neurosurgical Societies. Retention and recruitment were queried. Results: 93/119 (78.2%) current or previously affiliated military neurosurgeons would recommend service as a military neurosurgeon to a colleague. Those who felt a sense of patriotism were 4.3 times more likely to recommend military service (P = 0.027, CI 1.19–16.82). Those who developed a sense of camaraderie showed a trend to recommending military neurosurgery (P = 0.058, CI 0.95–9.78). Those with a current military obligation were.28 times (P = 0.02, CI 0.09–0.85) as likely to recommend service. Military physicians who felt a need for reform to increase salary were 2.5 times less likely to be retained. Discussion: Service in the US military is a positive experience with camaraderie, patriotism, and unique military experiences predictive of recruitment. Meanwhile, focus on pay discrepancy can result in lost retention. These factors should be explored regarding recruitment and retention of military neurosurgeons.
The Association Between History of an Ankle Sprain and Traumatic Meniscal Injury Among Infantry Combat Soldiers in the Israeli Defense Forces: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Schwartz Oren , Bulis Shir , Olsen Cara H , Glasberg Elon , Dudkiewicz Israel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The high frequency and number of ankle inversion injuries and meniscal injuries in military populations is an area of concern due to the debilitating effects and cumulative consequences of these particular injuries on the soldiers sustaining injury and the consequences on the operational effectiveness of the Israeli Defense Force (IDF). This study examines the possible relationship between ankle inversion injury and potential for subsequent meniscal injury in infantry soldiers in the IDF.

Material and Methods
All 89,069 infantry combat soldiers (including special units), recruited to the IDF between 2007 and 2017 were included in this study. A historical cohort study was conducted. The cohort was divided into two groups: The exposure group included all participants that had suffered at least one ankle sprain in the past and the unexposed group that included all participants who did not suffer an ankle sprain in the past. A Cox proportional-hazards model (COX) model was used in order to obtain the adjusted to confounders association between exposure and outcome expressed in hazard ratio (HR).

Results
The crude association between ankle sprain in the past and the development of meniscal injury in this study was 0.87 (Relative risk = 0.87, P = 0.007). After adjusting for unit type, Body Mass Index (BMI), previous fracture of the lower limb, and the use of eyeglasses, using a COX model, the adjusted association between ankle sprain in the past and the development of meniscal injury was 0.8 (HR = 0.8, P = 0.001, confidence interval (95%) 0.74, 0.88).

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate ankle sprains to be a protective factor for meniscal injury. Our main conclusion from the results of this study is that the assumption that those with previous leg injuries are at a greater risk for further leg injuries is questionable and cannot be generalized. Hence, the association between different types of injuries should be investigated separately.
Dasypus septemcinctus (Cingulata: Dasypodidae)
Authors: Feijó Anderson 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDasypus septemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758, commonly called the seven-banded armadillo, is the smallest species of the genus Dasypus, with 6–7 movable bands and a flattened dorsal profile of the skull. It has the most southern distribution of the genus, with a latitudinal range from 0º to 39ºS, including Brazil, eastern Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, and eastern, central, and northern Argentina. D. septemcinctus is diurnal, feeds mainly on insects, and has been recorded in savannas, grasslands, forests, and disturbed habitats. It is classified as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the major threats are hunting and habitat loss.
A key interaction with RPA orients XPA in NER complexes
Authors: Topolska-Woś Agnieszka M , Sugitani Norie , Cordoba John J , Le Meur Kateryna V , Le Meur Rémy A , Kim Hyun Suk , Yeo Jung-Eun , Rosenberg Daniel , Hammel Michal , Schärer Orlando D , Chazin Walter J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The XPA protein functions together with the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein RPA as the central scaffold to ensure proper positioning of repair factors in multi-protein nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery. We previously determined the structure of a short motif in the disordered XPA N-terminus bound to the RPA32C domain. However, a second contact between the XPA DNA-binding domain (XPA DBD) and the RPA70AB tandem ssDNA-binding domains, which is likely to influence the orientation of XPA and RPA on the damaged DNA substrate, remains poorly characterized. NMR was used to map the binding interfaces of XPA DBD and RPA70AB. Combining NMR and X-ray scattering data with comprehensive docking and refinement revealed how XPA DBD and RPA70AB orient on model NER DNA substrates. The structural model enabled design of XPA mutations that inhibit the interaction with RPA70AB. These mutations decreased activity in cell-based NER assays, demonstrating the functional importance of XPA DBD–RPA70AB interaction. Our results inform ongoing controversy about where XPA is bound within the NER bubble, provide structural insights into the molecular basis for malfunction of disease-associated XPA missense mutations, and contribute to understanding of the structure and mechanical action of the NER machinery.
Species-specific recruitment of transcription factors dictates toxin expression
Authors: Trouillon Julian , Sentausa Erwin , Ragno Michel , Robert-Genthon Mylène , Lory Stephen , Attrée Ina , Elsen Sylvie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Tight and coordinate regulation of virulence determinants is essential for bacterial biology and involves dynamic shaping of transcriptional regulatory networks during evolution. The horizontally transferred two-partner secretion system ExlB–ExlA is instrumental in the virulence of different Pseudomonas species, ranging from soil- and plant-dwelling biocontrol agents to the major human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we identify a Cro/CI-like repressor, named ErfA, which together with Vfr, a CRP-like activator, controls exlBA expression in P. aeruginosa. The characterization of ErfA regulon across P. aeruginosa subfamilies revealed a second conserved target, the ergAB operon, with functions unrelated to virulence. To gain insights into this functional dichotomy, we defined the pan-regulon of ErfA in several Pseudomonas species and found ergAB as the sole conserved target of ErfA. The analysis of 446 exlBA promoter sequences from all exlBA+ genomes revealed a wide variety of regulatory sequences, as ErfA- and Vfr-binding sites were found to have evolved specifically in P. aeruginosa and nearly each species carries different regulatory sequences for this operon. We propose that the emergence of different regulatory cis-elements in the promoters of horizontally transferred genes is an example of plasticity of regulatory networks evolving to provide an adapted response in each individual niche.
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Web-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Versus Smokefree.gov for Smokers With Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Heffner Jaimee L , Kelly Megan M , Waxmonsky Jeanette , Mattocks Kristin , Serfozo Edit , Bricker Jonathan B , Mull Kristin E , Watson Noreen L , Ostacher Michael 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Smokers with bipolar disorder (BD) are less successful at quitting than the general population. In this study, we evaluated in a pilot randomized controlled trial a novel, targeted, web-based intervention for smokers with BD based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and designed for reach and disseminability.

Aims and Methods
Daily smokers (n = 51) with bipolar I or II disorder were recruited from four US sites and randomly assigned to one of two web-based smoking cessation interventions—ACT-based WebQuit Plus (n = 25) or Smokefree.gov (n = 26) over a 10-week treatment period. All participants received nicotine patch for 8 weeks. Key outcomes were trial design feasibility, intervention acceptability, and cessation at end of treatment and 1-month follow-up.

Results
We screened 119 to enroll 51 participants (target sample size = 60) over 24 months. The most common reason for ineligibility was the inability to attend study appointments. Retention was 73% at end of treatment and 80% at follow-up, with no differences by arm. The mean number of logins was twice as high for WebQuit Plus (10.3 vs. 5.3). The usefulness of program skills was rated higher for WebQuit Plus (75% vs. 29%). Biochemically confirmed, 7-day abstinence at end of treatment was 12% in WebQuit Plus versus 8% in Smokefree.gov (odds ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval = 0.21 to 9.97). At follow-up, abstinence rates were 8% in both arms.

Conclusions
Trial design produced favorable retention rates, although alternative recruitment methods will be needed for a larger trial. At end of treatment, acceptability and estimated effect size of WebQuit Plus relative to Smokefree.gov were promising and support continued program refinement and evaluation.

Implications
In this first randomized controlled trial of a targeted intervention for smokers with BD, we found that the ACT-based WebQuit Plus intervention, delivered in combination with the nicotine patch, had promising acceptability and cessation outcomes relative to Smokefree.gov. The observed signals for acceptability and cessation suggest that the WebQuit Plus program should be refined based on participant feedback and evaluated in a larger trial. Feasibility findings from this study also provide direction for refining trial procedures to enhance the recruitment of smokers with BD.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Novel and Rapid Lipoarabinomannan Test for Diagnosing Tuberculosis Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Bjerrum Stephanie , Broger Tobias , Székely Rita , Mitarai Satoshi , Opintan Japheth A , Kenu Ernest , Lartey Margaret , Addo Kennedy K , Chikamatsu Kinuyo , Macé Aurélien , Schumacher Samuel G , Moreau Emmanuel , Shah Maunank , Johansen Isik Somuncu , Denkinger Claudia M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
The novel Fujifilm SILVAMP TB-LAM (FujiLAM) assay detects mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan in urine and has demonstrated superior sensitivity to the Alere Determine TB-LAM Ag (AlereLAM) assay for detection of tuberculosis among hospitalized people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). This is the first study to evaluate the assay among a broad population referred for antiretroviral therapy including both outpatients (mainly) and inpatients.

Methods
We assessed diagnostic accuracy of FujiLAM and AlereLAM assays in biobanked urine samples from a cohort of adults referred for antiretroviral therapy in Ghana against a microbiological and a composite (including clinical judgement) reference standard, and we assessed the association of FujiLAM test positivity with mortality.

Results
We evaluated urine samples from 532 PWH (462 outpatients, 70 inpatients). Against a microbiological reference standard, the sensitivity of FujiLAM was 74.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62.0–84.2) compared to 53.0% (95% CI, 40.3–65.4) for AlereLAM, a difference of 21.2% (CI, 13.1–32.5). Specificity was 89.3% (95% CI, 85.8–92.2) versus 95.6% (95% CI, 93.0–97.4) for FujiLAM and AlereLAM, a difference of −6.3% (95% CI −9.6 to −3.3). Specificity estimates for FujiLAM increased markedly to 98.8% (95% CI, 96.6–99.8) in patients with CD4 &gt;100 cells/µL and when using a composite reference standard. FujiLAM test positivity was associated with increased cumulative risk of mortality at 6 months (hazard ratio, 4.80; 95% CI, 3.01–7.64).

Conclusions
FujiLAM offers significantly increased diagnostic sensitivity in comparison to AlereLAM. Specificity estimates for FujiLAM were lower than for AlereLAM but were affected by the limited ability of the reference standard to correctly diagnose tuberculosis in individuals with low CD4 counts.
Polypharmacy, Drug–Drug Interactions, and Inappropriate Drugs: New Challenges in the Aging Population With HIV
Authors: Courlet Perrine , Livio Françoise , Guidi Monia , Cavassini Matthias , Battegay Manuel , Stoeckle Marcel , Buclin Thierry , Alves Saldanha Susana , Csajka Chantal , Marzolini Catia , Decosterd Laurent ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Böni J , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux C A , Günthard H F , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Huber M , Kahlert C R , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Ledergerber B , Martinetti G , Martinez de Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nicca D , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Rudin C , Scherrer A U , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Vernazza P , Wandeler G , Weber R , Yerly S 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV infection from a deadly into a chronic condition. Aging people with HIV (PWH) are at higher risk of polypharmacy, potential drug–drug interactions (DDIs), and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). This study aims to compare prescribed drugs, polypharmacy, and potential DDIs between young (&lt;65 years old) and elderly (≥65 years old) PWH. The prevalence of PIMs was assessed in elderly.MethodsPWH from 2 centers within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study were asked to fill in a form with all their current medications. Polypharmacy was defined as being on ≥5 non-HIV drugs. PIMs were evaluated using Beers criteria. Potential DDIs for the most prescribed therapeutic classes were screened with the Liverpool interaction database.ResultsAmong the 996 PWH included, 122 were ≥65 years old. Polypharmacy was more frequent in the elderly group (44% vs 12%). Medications and potential DDIs differed according to the age group: cardiovascular drugs and related potential DDIs were more common in the elderly group (73% of forms included ≥1 cardiovascular drug; 11% of cardiovascular drugs involved potential DDIs), whereas central nervous system drugs were more prescribed and involved in potential DDIs in younger PWH (26%, 11%). Potential DDIs were mostly managed through dosage adjustments. PIMs were found in 31% of the elderly group.ConclusionsPotential DDIs remain common, and PIMs constitute an additional burden for the elderly. It is important that prescribers develop and maintain a proactive approach for the recognition and management of DDIs and other prescribing issues frequently encountered in geriatric medicine.
Conceptual Bases of Employee Accountability: A Psychological Approach
Authors: Han Yousueng , Perry James L 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe external control of public organizations and their members, commonly referred to as accountability, is an enduring theme in public administration. This article shifts attention from a traditional focus on accountability as a macro-institutional matter to the psychology of accountability, that is, whether and how employees internalize accountability systems. The internalization of rules and expectations varies by individual, which, in turn, has significant consequences for accountability outcomes. We theorize that the micro-foundations of employee accountability are affected by five factors: attributability, observability, evaluability, answerability, and consequentiality. These five dimensions are conceptually distinct but interrelated, representing a deeper common psychological construct of employee accountability. Incorporating the psychological approach of accountability advances the potential of public accountability research. We conclude with a discussion of future research and practical implications.