bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Potential Assessment Using Geoelectrical Data: A Case Study Of Phuket Island, Thailand
Authors: Puttiwongrak Avirut , Men Ratha , Suteerasak Thongchai , Vann Sakanann 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Groundwater is the dominant source of water supply on Phuket island, Thailand. The water demand on Phuket has been increasing due to rapid urbanization and population growth. A scarcity of freshwater and over-extraction of groundwater may shortly become severe problems for Phuket. Geoelectrical data obtained by Vertical Electric Sounding (VES) were employed in this study to estimate the Dar Zarrouk parameters of the study area. Twenty-four VES stations were set up using Schlumberger configuration with a 1.0 m minimum spacing. The lithology layers from 24 unpublished borehole data indicating each subsurface layer were validated with the resistivity data obtained from VES. The geoelectric profiles gave a maximum of three layers with varying resistivities and thicknesses across each VES station. Two parameters (longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance) of the Dar Zarrouk model were calculated from VES data to generate the thematic maps in a GIS environment, thus the groundwater potential in Phuket Island was represented as a single map by using the weighted overlay technique in ArcGIS, based on both longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance. The groundwater potentials were classified into three potential levels (low, medium, and high). The results reveal that the highest groundwater potential areas are isolated and in specific locations, while the majority of area has medium level groundwater potential. Finally, the low potential zones are in the flank and the top parts of the study area.
Low NOX1 Expression in The Cytoplasm of GISTs Correlates With Poor&nbsp;Prognosis
Authors: Wang Wei , You Wenjun , Huang Fang , He Xin , Yuan Ao , Zhu Huijun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression effect and biological significance of NADPH oxidase l (NOX1) on the growth of human Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) at a protein level and the correlation between its expression level and patient prognosis.Methods: We enrolled a total of 146 patients confirmed by histopathology to be GIST tumors. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) analysis with GIST tissue microarray was used to assess NOXl level. The relativity study between NOXl expression level and GIST patient prognosis was evaluated. NOX1 mRNA expression was subsequently demonstrated using online database Oncomine.Results: Significance association with mitotic index (χ2 = 9.476, p = 0.009) and grade (χ2 = 11.392, p =0.010) was observed for low NOX1 cytoplasm staining of GIST cells and poor performance status in 78 of 146 (53.42%) GIST tissues, while for GIST patients with high expression of NOX1, there was no significant survival difference in disease progression. By univariate analysis, prognosis of GIST patients for overall survival (OS) rates were significantly positively correlated with NOX1 expression level (c2=2.429, p=0.014), tumor diameter (c2=2.048, p=0.004), mitotic index (c2=2.665, p<0.001), and grade (c2=3.162, p=0.001). Moreover, multivariate analyses demonstrated that low cytoplasm expression of NOX1 (c2=2.144, p=0.046) and mitotic index (c2=2.513, p=0.001) were striking related with OS rates, the difference was statistically significant. Kaplan-Meier survival curves further exhibited that low NOX1 cytoplasm expression and advanced mitotic index had a more unfavorable prognosis in GIST patients.Conclusion: These conclusions indicate that the degree of malignancy of GIST patients is closely related to NOX1 cytoplasm expression and mitotic index, both of which may be taken as an important role in the occurrence and development of GIST. It may act as an unfavorable predictive marker, indicating a new approach of gene therapy for GIST.
Assessing COVID-19 related anxiety among nurses in Malawi
Authors: Chorwe-Sungani Genesis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Psychological wellbeing of nurses is crucial for them to effectively discharge their duties. However, COVID-19 related anxiety can interfere with nurses’ performance in their duties and reduce their self-efficacy levels.Aim: This study aimed at assessing COVID-19 related anxiety among nurses in Malawi.Method: This was a cross-sectional study that collected data from 102 nurses online. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and receiver operating curve analysis.Results: This study found that 25.5% (n=26) of respondents had COVID-19 related anxiety and 48% (n=49) functional impairment. There were significant differences in the numbers of respondents who had functional impairment in relation to workplace (χ2=8.7, p= 0.03) with many of those working in hospitals (58.6%, n=34) having highest levels (Mean =20.6±10.4). The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale proved to be an effective instrument (Sensitivity=73.1%; Specificity=60.5%; AUC=0.73) for assessing COVID-19 related anxiety among nurses.Discussion: Prevalence of COVID-19 related anxiety is high among nurses and many of them experience functional impairment. The CAS should be used in clinical practice for detecting COVID-19 related anxiety among nurses.Implications for practiceNurses should be screened of COVID-19 related anxiety using valid instrument. Psychosocial interventions should be part of preparedness to reduce COVID-19 impact on nurses.
Bladder Leiomyomatosis: A case Report
Authors: Farazestanian Marjane , Yousefi Zohreh , Mofrad Malihe Hasanzade , Seresht Leila Mousavi , Jafarian Amir Hosein , Moeindarbari Somayeh 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Bladder leiomyoma which is commonly found in middle aged females is a rare, benign, and mesenchymal tumor of the bladder. Its incidence rate is lower than 0.5% among all types of bladder tumors. There are fewer than 250 reports on bladder leiomyoma. Herein, we report a case of bladder leiomyoma in a 37 years’ female.

Case Presentation:
A 37-year-old multiparous woman presented with complaints of occasional hematuria and dysuria and irritative symptoms. In the examination and imaging, a mass with size of 8 cm was reported in anterior border of uterus with firm consistency. Surgery was performed and the mass was resected. Postoperative histopathology review confirmed bladder leiomyoma.

Conclusion:
Leiomyoma should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis in women presenting with dysuria, frequency or hematuria and a firm consistency mass even in unusual site as the bladder. Complete resection leads to very good outcome with almost no recurrence.
Emerging Sustainable Nanomaterials and their Applications in Catalysis and Corrosion Control
Authors: Singh Santosh Bahadur 
Published: September 2020

Background:The different field of chemistry needs various greener pathways in our search toward attaining sustainability. True sustainability comes through circularity. Circular processes i.e., circular economy, circular chemistry, etc. are the only logical solutions for all challenges/ issues related to sustainability. Chemistry of matter changes with size. Nanoscale materials thus show magical properties and have a broad range of applications.Objective:Nanomaterials always fascinate researchers because of their unique and novel properties. Engineered nanomaterials hold great promise for catalysis, corrosion control, medicine, electronics, environmental remediation, and other fields. But when the nanomaterials or any new/novel materials are synthesized without considering environmental impacts at the beginning of the process, their long-term effects could undermine those advances. Sustainable nanomaterials have great capability to overcome the challenges associated with engineered nanomaterials. Presently, sustainable materials are needed to sustain life on earth. Size and shape controlled synthesis of nanomaterials is challenging to explore the various applications of nanomaterials.Conclusion:Application of nanomaterials in catalysis and protective coating of metals to prevent corrosion make it more sustainable. Present article, briefly reviewed the fundamental aspects of nanomaterials, sustainable approaches of nanomaterials synthesis, and their sustainable applications i.e., catalysis and corrosion control.
Evaluation of Snake Venom’s PhospholipaseA2 Enzyme Inhibition Activity of Cyphostemma adenocoule
Authors: Kaushik Atul , Tesfai Teamrat S. , Barkh Daniel K. , Ghebremeskel Furtuna K. , Zerihun Habtom G. , Woldeab Saron W. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
A snake bite is fundamentally an injury often resulting in puncture
wounds meted out by the animal's fangs and occasionally resulting in envenomation. Rate of
snake bites around 5,400,000 bites per year leads to over 2,500,000 envenomings and around
125,000 fatal cases annually. Snake venom enzymes are rich in metalloproteinases, phospholipaseA2,
proteinases, acetylcholinesterases and hyaluronidases.

Objective:
Cyphostemma adenocoule is traditionally being used for the treatment of snake
bites in Eritrea. The present research was aimed at evaluating the snake venom enzyme inhibition
activity of C. adenocoule against puff adder venom and developing a base for the traditional
use of the plant against snakebites in Eritrea.

Methods:
The anti-venom activity of C. adenocoule was assessed in-vitro through phospholipaseA2
enzyme inhibition assay using egg yolk as a cell. The ethanol and chloroform extracts
of C. adenocoule showed in vitro anti phospholipase A2 activity, whereas the water
extracts of the plant showed no activity.

Results:
Among the extracts of C. adenocoule, the highest percentage of inhibition was obtained
from chloroform extract (95.55% at 100mg/ml). The extract showed prominent activity
at different concentrations (34.7% at10mg/ml, 48.8% at 20mg/ml, 54.8% at 40mg/ml,
60.9% at 60mg/ml, 80.5% at 80mg /ml). The ethanol extract also showed certain activity at
various concentrations (25.22% at10mg/ml, 14.78% at 20mg/ml, 2.6% at40mg/ml). The activity
of the chloroform extracts increases as concentration increases, whereas the activity of
the ethanol extracts decreases as concentration increases. The aqueous extract of C. adenocoule
did not show any activity at all concentrations.

Conclusion:
In this study, the chloroform and ethanol extracts of the plant inhibited the enzyme
of interest and thus proved the efficacy of anti-snake venom activity of the plant.
Biomarkers in Panic Disorder
Authors: Lai Chien-Han 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Panic disorder (PD) is a kind of anxiety disorder that impacts the life quality
and functional perspectives in patients. However, the pathophysiological study of PD seems still
inadequate and many unresolved issues need to be clarified.

Objectives:
In this review article of biomarkers in PD, the investigator will focus on the findings of
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in the pathophysiology study. The MRI biomarkers
would be divided into several categories, on the basis of structural and functional perspectives.

Methods:
The structural category would include the gray matter and white matter tract studies. The
functional category would consist of functional MRI (fMRI), resting-state fMRI (Rs-fMRI), and
magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The PD biomarkers revealed by the above methodologies
would be discussed in this article.

Results:
For the gray matter perspectives, the PD patients would have alterations in the volumes of
fear network structures, such as the amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, thalamus, anterior cingulate
cortex, insula, and frontal regions. For the white matter tract studies, the PD patients seemed to have
alterations in the fasciculus linking the fear network regions, such as the anterior thalamic radiation,
uncinate fasciculus, fronto-occipital fasciculus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. For the fMRI
studies in PD, the significant results also focused on the fear network regions, such as the amygdala,
hippocampus, thalamus, insula, and frontal regions. For the Rs-fMRI studies, PD patients seemed to
have alterations in the regions of the default mode network and fear network model. At last, the
MRS results showed alterations in neuron metabolites of the hippocampus, amygdala, occipital
cortex, and frontal regions.

Conclusion:
The MRI biomarkers in PD might be compatible with the extended fear network model
hypothesis in PD, which included the amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, insula, frontal regions, and
sensory-related cortex.
PREPARATION OF COLD CREAM AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGEN USING CARALLUMA ADSCENDENS VAR. ATTENUATA
Authors: MADASAMY SUNDAR , SUNDAN SURESH , KRISHNASAMY LINGAKUMAR 
Published: September 2020

Objective: A simple formulation of cold cream from methanolic extract Caralluma adscendens var. attenuata (MECA) and their antimicrobial activity was tested against various clinical pathogens, namely, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Candida albicans.
Methods: Methanol extract of these plant extract was prepared by the Soxhlet method. We analyzed phytochemical nature of theses plant, and subsequently, a cream was formulated cold-cream C. adscendens var. attenuata (FCA) different concentration such as FCA 50 mg, FCA 100 mg, and FCA 200 mg. In the present study, aimed to the antimicrobial activity of cold cream was measured by agar well diffusion method, and standard antibiotic Neosporin (market available) cream was used as positive control and dummy cold cream (without-MECA) were used as the negative control.
Results: Phytochemical screening showed that the plant extracts were found a rich source of secondary metabolites. For more, the efficacy of cold cream from MECA extracts to against the clinical pathogen. Positive control Neosporin and 200 mg FCA cream was a highly significant difference in the zone of inhibition when compared to dummy cream. The 200 mg FCA was activity against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, and C. albicans highly significantly difference (p<0.05) compared FCA 50 mg and FAC 100 mg creams.
Conclusion: The results from this study suggested that the cold cream form base of MECA crude had antimicrobial activity in the different clinical pathogen. They could be used as an alternative source to conventional antimicrobial agents for the treatment of pathological infection.
STABILITY-INDICATING METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM AND CLOPIDOGREL BISULFATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: PIMPALE AWDHUT , KAKDE RAJENDRA 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The present work was focused on the development and validation of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method which is simple, rapid, precise, accurate, sensitive, economical, and stability-indicating for the quantification of rosuvastatin (RSV) calcium and clopidogrel bisulfate (CLO) in bulk and tablet formulation.
Methods: The separation was attained on RP Princeton (C18) column with dimensions (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ) employing buffer which is a mixture of water (pH 3.0, adjusted with orthophosphoric acid), and methanol in the ratio (20:80) v/v as mobile phase, at flow rate 1.0 ml/min and detection was carried out at wavelength 240 nm. The retention time under the optimized condition of RSV calcium and CLO was found to be 2.844 min and 4.388 min, respectively.
Results: The linearity of the method was demonstrated in the concentration range of 6–16 µg/ml and 45–120 µg/ml for RSV calcium and CLO with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9999 and 0.9996, respectively. The percentage relative standard deviation was ˂2% and percentage recovery was found to be 100.12–101.37% and 99.72–101.09% for RSV calcium and CLO, respectively. Assay of marketed tablet formulation was found to be 98.99% and 99.92%, respectively.
Conclusion: The developed RP-HPLC method was found to be simple, specific, sensitive, rapid, linear, accurate, precise, and economical and could be used for regular quality control of RSV calcium and CLO in bulk and tablet formulations.
MATERNAL AND FETAL TOXICITY-INDUCED BY NICKEL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ADMINISTRATION IN ALBINO RATS DURING GESTATION
Authors: HAMDI HAMIDA 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Despite the widespread of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and their benefits in all fields, they have many negative effects on human life, especially expectant mothers and their fetus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible maternal and developmental toxicity-induced by NiO NPs administration during gestation.
Methods: Three groups of pregnant rats were administered orally during days 5–19 of gestation, the pregnant rats were haphazardly designed into three groups (six rat/group), as follows: Control group and NiO NPs administered groups, low (4 mg/kg), and high (8 mg/kg) doses.
Results: NiO NPs administration resulted in severe maternal and developmental toxicity which included reduction in uterine weight, mother weight gain, the average weight of placenta, the number corpora lutea, implantation sites, and the number of live fetuses. Furthermore, high pre/ postimplantation, fetal growth retardation, and morphological and skeletal anomalies, an elevation in liver and brain DNA damage in both mother and fetus, and histopathological alterations in different tissues (placenta, liver, kidney, and brain) of pregnant rats and fetuses. Lipid peroxidation showed a significant elevation in maternal, fetal liver, and brain tissues of NiO NPs ‐administered rats. Furthermore, glutathione content and catalase activity were decreased in both tissues of NiO NPs‐administered rats.
Conclusion: Finally, the detrimental impacts of NiO NPs in dams and fetuses probably through its potential generation of reactive oxygen species.
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD E-PHARMACY AMONG THE PHYSICIANS OF SOUTH RAJASTHAN, INDIA: A PILOT SURVEY
Authors: YADAV ARVIND KUMAR , PICHHOLIYA MEENU , SHETH HAIYA , GUPTA SANGITA , CHOUDHARY SAVITA 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of physicians of South Rajasthan, India, toward e-pharmacy.
Methods: After obtaining ethical approval, this cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out for 6 months at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Physicians willing to participate were included in the study. The study questionnaire comprised 10 questions which were validated by experts. Physicians were requested to fill up the questionnaire in the presence of researcher and return it back. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel Office 365.
Results: A total of 170 questionnaires were analyzed. Male/female ratio of the physicians was 1.24:1. About 91.76% of physicians had heard of e-pharmacy but only 22.35% had ever used it. About 89.41% of physicians had never asked patients to buy medicines from e-pharmacy. About 67.64% of physicians considered e-pharmacy as ethical. However, 56.47% of physicians thought that e-pharmacy is risky.
Conclusion: Physicians must remain up-to-date about these recent technologies like e-pharmacy; as it is expected to become much more common in the next few years. Ethical and non-risky methods should be adopted for the same by them. Overall, a balance should be maintained while opting for online pharmacy.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF LEAF PARTS OF HYPOESTES PHYLLOSTACHYA ROSEA FOR IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES
Authors: JACOB JENSON , JOHN MEENU 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was focussed on phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts of Hypoestes phyllostachya leaf.
Methods: The leaves were washed efficiently, shade dried and coarsely powdered. The powdered leaf material of Hypoestes phyllostachya was successively extracted with hexane, chloroform, methanol and water using Soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary phytochemical screenings for polyphenolics, proteins, phytosteroids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids carbohydrates, polyphenolics, saponins were done by following standard procedure. In vitro antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts were assessed using DPPH, ABTS, Hydroxy radical, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power assay. Polyphenolics and flavonoids were also estimated.
Results: The results showed that most of the phytochemical compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, steroids, fixed oils and fatty acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, polyphenolics and glycosides present in the methanolic and aqueous extract of Hypoestes phyllostachya. The in vitro antioxidant activity of Hypoestes phyllostachya leaf clearly showed that it has better antioxidant activity, which was confirmed by different assays.
Conclusion: From this work, it can be concluded that Hypoestes phyllostachya has the potential to be a good antioxidant but have only a lesser amount of flavonoids and polyphenolic contents. This was the first report on the pharmacological activity of the Hypoestes phyllostachya.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING FILMS OF EBASTINE
Authors: TORGAL TEJASVI , BORKAR SHWETA , BHIDE PRASHANT , ARONDEKAR ASMITA 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To overcome the limitations of fast dissolving tablets, a novel fast dissolving film of ebastine was formulated for attaining quick onset of action, aiding in the enhancement of bioavailability favorable in severe conditions of allergies.
Methods: Films of ebastine were prepared by the solvent casting method using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E-15, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K-4 as a film base with different concentrations of crospovidone as superdisintegrant and polyethylene glycol-400 as a plasticizer. Further physical characteristics such as uniformity of weight, thickness, and drug content uniformity, tensile strength, folding endurance, percentage elongation, surface pH, disintegration and in vitro drug release were evaluated.
Results: The optimized formulations with film base hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E-15 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K-4 containing 8% crospovidone showed 99.34 % and 97.42 % of maximum cumulative percentage release respectively exhibiting first order kinetics. However, no significant change was observed in stability studies.
Conclusion: The concept of formulating fast dissolving films of ebastine offers a suitable approach in exhibiting rapid onset of action with improved delivery.