bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excitation of prefrontal cortical neurons during conditioning enhances fear memory formation
Authors: Shibano Natsumi , Yamazaki Mio , Arima Tomoki , Abe Konami , Kuroda Marin , Kobayashi Yuki , Itohara Shigeyoshi , Furuichi Teiichi , Sano Yoshitake 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnimals can remember a situation associated with an aversive event. Contextual fear memory is initially encoded and consolidated in the hippocampus and gradually consolidated in multiple brain regions over time, including the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, it is not fully understood how PFC neurons contribute to contextual fear memory formation during learning. In the present study, neuronal activity was increased in PFC neurons utilizing the pharmacogenetic hM3Dq-system in male mice. We show that fear expression and memory formation are enhanced by increasing neuronal activity in PFC during conditioning phase. Previous studies showed that the activation of hM3Dq receptor in a subset of amygdala neurons enhanced fear memory formation and biased which neurons are allocated to a memory trace, in which immediate early gene c-fos was preferentially expressed following memory retrieval in these pre-activated neurons. In this study, hM3Dq activation in PFC could not change the probability of c-fos expression in pre-activated neurons flowing memory retrieval. Instead, the number c-fos positive neurons following memory retrieval was significantly increased in the basolateral amygdala. Our results suggest that neuronal activity in PFC at the time of learning modulates fear memory formation and downstream cellular activity at an early phase.
A multimodal and signals fusion approach for assessing the impact of stressful events on Air Traffic Controllers
Authors: Borghini Gianluca , Di Flumeri Gianluca , Aricò Pietro , Sciaraffa Nicolina , Bonelli Stefano , Ragosta Martina , Tomasello Paola , Drogoul Fabrice , Turhan Uğur , Acikel Birsen , Ozan Ali , Imbert Jean Paul , Granger Géraud , Benhacene Railane , Babiloni Fabio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStress is a word used to describe human reactions to emotionally, cognitively and physically challenging experiences. A hallmark of the stress response is the activation of the autonomic nervous system, resulting in the “fight-freeze-flight” response to a threat from a dangerous situation. Consequently, the capability to objectively assess and track a controller’s stress level while dealing with air traffic control (ATC) activities would make it possible to better tailor the work shift and maintain high safety levels, as well as to preserve the operator’s health. In this regard, sixteen controllers were asked to perform a realistic air traffic management (ATM) simulation during which subjective data (i.e. stress perception) and neurophysiological data (i.e. brain activity, heart rate, and galvanic skin response) were collected with the aim of accurately characterising the controller’s stress level experienced in the various experimental conditions. In addition, external supervisors regularly evaluated the controllers in terms of manifested stress, safety, and efficiency throughout the ATM scenario. The results demonstrated 1) how the stressful events caused both supervisors and controllers to underestimate the experienced stress level, 2) the advantage of taking into account both cognitive and hormonal processes in order to define a reliable stress index, and 3) the importance of the points in time at which stress is measured owing to the potential transient effect once the stressful events have ceased.
Digital multiplex ligation assay for highly multiplexed screening of β-lactamase-encoding genes in bacterial isolates
Authors: Tamminen Manu , Spaak Jenny , Caduff Lea , Schiff Hanna , Lang Ramon , Schmid Steven , Montealegre Maria Camila , Julian Timothy R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in clinical and environmental settings calls for increased scalability in their surveillance. Current screening technologies are limited by the number of samples and genes that can easily be screened. We demonstrate here digital multiplex ligation assay (dMLA) as a low-cost targeted genomic detection workflow capable of highly-parallel screening of bacterial isolates for multiple target gene regions simultaneously. Here, dMLA is used for simultaneous detection of 1187 β-lactamase-encoding genes, including extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, in 74 bacterial isolates. We demonstrate dMLA as a light-weight and cost-efficient workflow which provides a highly scalable tool for antimicrobial resistance surveillance and is also adaptable to genetic screening applications beyond antibiotic resistance.
Biochemical characterization and inhibition of the alternative oxidase enzyme from the fungal phytopathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa
Authors: Barsottini Mario R. O. , Copsey Alice , Young Luke , Baroni Renata M. , Cordeiro Artur T. , Pereira Gonçalo A. G. , Moore Anthony L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMoniliophthora perniciosais a fungal pathogen and causal agent of the witches’ broom disease of cocoa, a threat to the chocolate industry and to the economic and social security in cocoa-planting countries. The membrane-bound enzyme alternative oxidase (MpAOX) is crucial for pathogen survival; however a lack of information on the biochemical properties of MpAOX hinders the development of novel fungicides. In this study, we purified and characterised recombinant MpAOX in dose-response assays with activators and inhibitors, followed by a kinetic characterization both in an aqueous environment and in physiologically-relevant proteoliposomes. We present structure-activity relationships of AOX inhibitors such as colletochlorin B and analogues which, aided by an MpAOX structural model, indicates key residues for protein-inhibitor interaction. We also discuss the importance of the correct hydrophobic environment for MpAOX enzymatic activity. We envisage that such results will guide the future development of AOX-targeting antifungal agents againstM. perniciosa, an important outcome for the chocolate industry.
General treatment for stereo-dynamics of state-to-state chemi-ionization reactions
Authors: Falcinelli Stefano , Vecchiocattivi Franco , Pirani Fernando 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe investigation of chemi-ionization processes provides unique information on how the reaction dynamics depend on the energy and structure of the transition state which relate to the symmetry, relative orientation of reagent/product valence electron orbitals, and selectivity of electronic rearrangements. Here we propose a theoretical approach to formulate the optical potential for Ne*(3P2,0) noble gas atom chemi-ionizations as prototype oxidation processes. We include the selective role of atomic alignment and of the electron transfer mechanism. The state-to-state reaction probability is evaluated and a unifying description of the main experimental findings is obtained. Further, we reproduce the results of recent and advanced molecular beam experiments with a state selected Ne* beam.The selective role of electronic rearrangements within the transition state, quantified through the use of suitable operative relations, could cast light on many other chemical processes more difficult to characterize.
Full water splitting by a nanoporous CeO2 nanowire array under alkaline conditions
Authors: Ji Yuyao , Liu Jintao , Hao Shuai , Xiao Yu , Li Lei , Liu Xingquan 
Published: May 2020

CeO2 nanowire array was derived from MnO2–CeO2/TM via an acid etching strategy, and MnO2 acts as a pore-forming agent through selective etching with oxalic acid, it shows excellent OER and HER performance.
Sunspot area catalog revisited: Daily cross-calibrated areas since 1874
Authors: Mandal Sudip , Krivova Natalie A. , Solanki Sami K. , Sinha Nimesh , Banerjee Dipankar 
Published: May 2020

Context. Long and consistent sunspot area records are important for understanding long-term solar activity and variability. Multiple observatories around the globe have regularly recorded sunspot areas, but such individual records only cover restricted periods of time. Furthermore, there are systematic differences between these records and require cross-calibration before they can reliably be used for further studies.
Aims. We produce a cross-calibrated and homogeneous record of total daily sunspot areas, both projected and corrected, covering the period between 1874 and 2019. In addition, we generated a catalog of calibrated individual group areas for the same period.
Methods. We compared the data from nine archives: Royal Greenwich Observatory (RGO), Kislovodsk, Pulkovo, Debrecen, Kodaikanal, Solar Optical Observing Network (SOON), Rome, Catania, and Yunnan Observatories, covering the period between 1874 and 2019. Cross-comparisons of the individual records were done to produce homogeneous and inter-calibrated records of daily projected and corrected areas. As in earlier studies, the basis of the composite is formed by the data from RGO. After 1976, the only datasets used are those from Kislovodsk, Pulkovo, and Debrecen observatories. This choice was made based on the temporal coverage and the quality of the data. While there are still 776 days missing in the final composite, these remaining gaps could not be filled with data from the other archives as the missing days lie either before 1922 or after 2016 and none of the additional archives cover these periods.
Results. In contrast to the SOON data used in previous area composites for the post-RGO period, the properties of the data from Kislovodsk and Pulkovo are very similar to those from the RGO series. They also directly overlap the RGO data in time, which makes their cross-calibration with RGO much more reliable. Indeed, comparing our area catalog with previous such composites, we find improvements both in data quality and coverage. We also computed the daily Photometric Sunspot Index, which is widely used, for example, in empirical reconstructions of solar irradiance.
Basis function expansions for galactic dynamics: Spherical versus cylindrical coordinates
Authors: Wang Y. , Athanassoula E. , Mao S. 
Published: May 2020

Aims. The orbital structure of galaxies is strongly influenced by the accuracy of the force calculation during orbit integration. We explore the accuracy of force calculations for two expansion methods and determine which one is preferable for orbit integration.
Methods. We specifically compare two methods, one was introduced by Hernquist & Ostriker (HO), which uses a spherical coordinate system and was built specifically for the Hernquist model, and the other by Vasiliev & Athanassoula (CylSP) has a cylindrical coordinate system. Our comparisons include the Dehnen profile, its triaxial extension (of which the Hernquist profile is a special case) and a multicomponent system including a bar and disk density distributions for both analytical models and N-body realizations.
Results. For the generalized Dehnen density, the CylSP method is more accurate than the HO method for nearly all inner power-law indices and shapes at all radii. For N-body realizations of the Dehnen model, or snapshots of an N-body simulation, the CylSP method is more accurate than the HO method in the central region for the oblate, prolate, and triaxial Hernquist profiles if the particle number is more than 5 × 105. For snapshots of the Hernquist models with spherical shape, the HO method is preferred. For the Ferrers bar model, the force from the CylSP method is more accurate than the HO method. The CPU time required for the initialization of the HO method is significantly shorter than that for the CylSP method, while the HO method costs subsequently much more CPU time than the CylSP method if the input corresponds to particle positions. From surface of section analyses, we find that the HO method creates more chaotic orbits than the CylSP method in the bar model. This could be understood to be due to a spurious peak in the central region when the force is calculated with the HO expansion.
Conclusions. For an analytical model, the CylSP method with an inner cutoff radius of interpolation Rmin as calculated by the AGAMA software, is preferred due to its accuracy. For snapshots or N-body realizations not including a disk or a bar component, a detailed comparison between these two methods is needed if a density model other than the Dehnen model is used. For multicomponent systems, including a disk and a bar, the CylSP method is preferable.
The band and slough technique is effective for management of diminutive type 1 gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Hawa Fadi , Sako Zeyad , Nguyen Than , Catanzaro Andrew T. , Zolotarevsky Eugene , Bartley Angela N. , Gunaratnam Naresh T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic resection is recommended as initial treatment for early-stage gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (G-NETs and D-NETs). However, it can cause serious adverse events. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the band and slough (BAS) technique as a novel and less aggressive endoscopic therapy for management of such tumors.Four patients, three diagnosed with < 10-mm D-NET and one with 10-mm type I G-NET, were treated with the BAS technique without endoscopic resection. Initial follow-up endoscopy at 3 months was done to assess for residual tumor. Subsequent endoscopic surveillance was performed. After one session of banding, all patients achieved complete remission at 3-month follow-up. No tumor recurrence was detected on repeat biopsy at 12-month surveillance endoscopy. None of the patients developed any adverse events including bleeding or perforation.The BAS technique may prove to be a safe and effective endoscopic therapy for diminutive, non-metastatic type 1 G-NETs and D-NETs. Studies of larger scale and longer follow-up periods are needed to corroborate these findings.
Expert endoscopists with high adenoma detection rates frequently detect diminutive adenomas in proximal colon
Authors: Toyoshima Osamu , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Yoshida Shuntaro , Sekiba Kazuma , Kataoka Yosuke , Hata Keisuke , Watanabe Hidenobu , Tsuji Yosuke , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is an important quality indicator in colonoscopy, and improved ADR decreases the incidence of colorectal cancer. We investigated differences in polyp detection according to the endoscopist’s ADR.
Patients and methods We performed a propensity-score matching study using baseline patient characteristics of age, sex, body mass index, family history of colorectal cancer, smoking, drinking, indication for colonoscopy, bowel preparation, and colonoscope type. We compared polyp detection and colonoscopy procedures between patients who underwent colonoscopy by high-ADR endoscopists (high ADR group) and by low-ADR endoscopists (low ADR group).
Results We matched 334 patients in the high ADR group with 334 in the low ADR group. The ADR was 44.0 % and 26.9 % for the high-ADR and low-ADR endoscopists, respectively. Proximal, nonprotruding, and diminutive adenomas were more frequently detected by high-ADR endoscopists than by low-ADR endoscopists (all P < 0.001); similarly, more high-risk adenomas were detected by high-ADR endoscopists (P = 0.028). Furthermore, more sessile serrated polyps detected by high-ADR endoscopists (P = 0.041). High-ADR endoscopists more frequently performed pancolonic chromoendoscopy (P < 0.001).
Conclusions Expert detectors often found nonprotruding and diminutive adenomas in the proximal colon along with increased detection rate of high-risk adenomas. Low-ADR endoscopists need to recognize the features of missed adenomas to improve their ADRs.
Use of washing cytology from removed self-expandable metal stents for biliary strictures: a novel cytology method
Authors: Nakahara Kazunari , Morita Ryo , Michikawa Yosuke , Suetani Keigo , Fujita Akashi , Sato Junya , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Endo Akira , Ariizumi Yasushi , Koike Junki , Takagi Masayuki , Otsubo Takehito , Itoh Fumio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRemovability is one of the important features of biliary covered self-expandable metal stents (CSEMS). In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic ability of washing cytology of removed CSEMS. For 14 removed CSEMS that had been placed for the biliary strictures (12 malignant, 2 benign), the surface of CSEMS was washed with saline, and pathological examination of the washing liquid as cytology (CSEMS washing cytology) was performed. The specimen sampling rates and sensitivity for malignancy of CSEMS washing cytology were 92.9 % and 41.7 %, respectively. Sensitivity according to the primary disease was 60.0 % for bile duct cancer and 20 % for pancreatic cancer. Sensitivities based on the methods of stent removal were 16.7 % and 66.7 % for removal through the channel of the scope and with the scope, respectively. Therefore, it is possible that sensitivity of CSEMS washing cytology is higher in bile duct cancer and for removal with the scope. In conclusion, CSEMS washing cytology may have potential as a pathological diagnostic method.
Acute Total Knee Replacement in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Proximal Tibial Fractures: A Case Series
Authors: Mirzatolooei Fardin , Tabrizi Ali , Safari Mir Bahram , Shishavan Seyed Amir Mahlisha Kazemi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractManagement of proximal tibial fractures is a challenging issue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we aimed to describe our experience of acute total knee replacement in RA patients. This case series included 11 RA patients with simultaneous insufficiency fractures of the proximal tibia, who were treated by acute total knee replacement. Midterm functional results, severity of pain, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), and Knee Society Score (KSS) parameters were evaluated in this study. The patients were followed up for 24 months. Eleven women with proximal tibial fractures and history of RA (mean age: 54.3 ± 4.7 years) were enrolled in this study. The mean score of Tegner activity scale was 2.2 ± 1.4 preoperatively, which significantly improved to 4.3 ± 1.4 postoperatively (p < 0.001). The two sections of KSS (knee and function section) averaged 88.7 ± 5.4 and 59.4 ± 8.2, respectively. There wasn't poor outcome and excellent result was in knee section 54.5% and function section 36.3% based on KSS. The mean score of pain severity during normal activity before fracture was 65.2 ± 12.3, which significantly reduced to 35.5 ± 11.3 in the final follow-up (p = 0.02). The score of HSS scale improved from 42 (range: 16–58) in the preoperative stage to 78 (range: 72–91) after surgery (p < 0.001). In the 6-month follow-up, deep vein thrombosis was reported in two patients. The time required to return to normal activity was 5.5 ± 2.3 months. Based on the findings, total knee replacement therapy in patients with RA and proximal tibial fractures produced excellent clinical outcomes, which led to rapid return to normal activity. This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
The State of the Science in Patient-Reported Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Xiao Canhua , Hurst Newton , Movsas Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTraditionally, clinicians have assumed the primary responsibility for evaluating disease- and treatment-related outcomes. In the past few decades, however, a series of recommendations and standards promulgated by professional societies and regulatory agencies have resulted in increased use of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in cancer clinical trials. PROs, such as quality of life (QOL) measures, are important in establishing overall treatment effectiveness in cancer clinical trials, and they can inform clinical decision making. This article discusses the current state of the science in PRO research for patients with lung cancer, the cancer type with the highest incidence rate and the lowest survival rate worldwide. The discussion focuses on (1) PRO and survival; (2) electronic PRO reporting and interventions; (3) PROs and immunotherapy; (4) PRO, biomarkers, and precision health; (5) key issues in applying PROs in clinical trials; and (6) future directions for research.
Does Renal Function Remain Stable after Puberty in Children who underwent Ureteral Reimplantation due to Ureterovesical Junction Obstruction?
Authors: Neeman Binyamin B. , Jaber Jawdat , Kocherov Stanislav , Farkas Amicur , Chertin Boris 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction Ureteric reimplantation due to ureterovesical junction (UVJ) obstruction enjoys high success in the short term. However, renal function after reimplantation must accommodate the numerous changes in the pediatric urinary tract that occur along with child development that may theoretically cause an occult loss of renal function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether improved renal function after ureter reimplantation for antenatal diagnosed UVJ obstruction remains stable after puberty.
Materials and Methods Twenty-one children who underwent open reimplantation using Politano–Leadbetter technique were followed until they completed puberty. Mean age at surgery was 14.3 months (range: 3–60 months). Five (23.8%) of 21 children had right hydronephrosis, 13 (61.9%) had left hydronephrosis, and 3 (14.3%) had bilateral hydronephrosis. The Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) level of the hydronephrosis was 3 (47.6%) in 10 children and 4 (52.4%) in remaining 11. Fourteen (66.6%) patients had poor renal function upon surgery and the remaining seven (33.4%) patients had moderate renal function. The mean renal function upon operation was 28 ± 4.3 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]).
Results Reimplantation led to the increase in the RRF in the short-term period from 28 ± 4.3% prior to the surgery to 36.4 ± 5% (p < 0.001) in all patients and remains stable 35 ± 5% after puberty in all the reviewed patients.
Conclusion Our data demonstrate for the first time that successful ureteral reimplantation following antenatal diagnosis of UVJ obstruction is associated with an improvement in renal function, not only during short- and midterm follow-up but also allows preserving the renal function throughout the puberty period.
Priming exercise increases Wingate cycling peak power output
Authors: Ktenidis Charalabos K. , Margaritelis Nikos V. , Cherouveim Evgenia D. , Stergiopoulos Dimitris C. , Malliou Vassiliki J. , Geladas Nikos D. , Nikolaidis Michalis G. , Paschalis Vassilis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of priming exercise on Wingate performance and fatigue. Methods: Twelve recreationally active young male volunteers participated in the study (age: 25 ± 5 years; weight: 75.0 ± 7.5 kg; height: 177 ± 6 cm; BMI: 24.0 ± 1.7). During a first visit, participants performed a typical test and a supramaximal assessment of on a cycle ergometer, while during the next three visits, the participants performed in a random order a Wingate test (i) with no priming exercise, (ii) after priming exercise followed by a 15‐min recovery (Priming15) and (iii) after priming exercise followed by a 30‐min recovery (Priming30). Priming exercise lasted 6 min, at work rate corresponding to the gas exchange threshold (GET) plus 70% of the difference between the GET and . Results: The Priming 30 condition exhibited greater peak power output (595 ± 84 W) compared to the control (567 ± 85 W) and the Priming15 condition (569 ± 95 W) (P < .05). Regarding fatigue index, a tendency towards increased resistance to fatigue was observed in the Priming30 condition compared to the control and the Priming15 conditions (P = .072). Pre‐Wingate lactate levels were found to be significantly different between the Priming15 (7.18 ± 3.09 mmol/L) and the Priming30 (4.87 ± 2.11 mmol/L) conditions (P < .05). Conclusions: Priming exercise of high intensity followed by a prolonged recovery leads to increased peak power in a subsequent Wingate test. Moreover, our data are consistent with the idea that a priming exercise‐induced modest increase in blood lactate concentration at the onset of the following criterion bout is a key factor of performance.