bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Longitudinal Assessment of Linear Growth and Adult Height in Female Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Modan-Moses Dalit , Yaroslavsky Amit , Pinhas-Hamiel Orit , Levy-Shraga Yael , Kochavi Brigitte , Iron-Segev Sharon , Enoch-Levy Adi , Toledano Anat , Stein Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContextGrowth retardation is an established complication of anorexia nervosa (AN); however, findings concerning the adult height of AN patients are inconsistent.ObjectiveThe objective of this work was to assess linear growth and adult height in female adolescents with AN.Design and SettingA prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary university hospital.ParticipantsParticipants included all 255 female adolescent AN patients hospitalized in the pediatric psychosomatic department between January 1, 2000 and May 31, 2015.InterventionsHeight and weight were assessed at admission and during hospitalization. Patients were subsequently invited for measurement of adult height. Additional data collected included premorbid height data, menstrual history, skeletal age, pertinent laboratory studies, and parental heights.Main Outcome MeasureThe main outcome measure of this study was adult height.ResultsMean age at admission was 15.4 ± 1.75 years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 15.7 ± 1.8 kg/m2 (BMI SDS = –2.3 ± 1.45 kg/m2). Premorbid height SD scores (SDS) were not significantly different from those expected in normal adolescents (0.005 ± 0.96). However, height SDS at admission (–0.36 ± 0.99), discharge (–0.34 ± 0.96), and at adult height (–0.29 ± 0.95), were significantly (P &lt; .001) lower than expected. Furthermore, adult height was significantly (P = .006) shorter compared to the midparental target height. Stepwise forward linear regression analysis identified age (r = 0.32, P = .002) and bone age (r = –0.29, P = .006) on admission, linear growth during hospitalization (r = 0.47, P &lt; .001), and change in luteinizing hormone during hospitalization (r = –0.265, P = .021) as independent predictors of improvement in height SDS from the time of admission to adult height.ConclusionsWhereas the premorbid height of female adolescent AN patients is normal, linear growth retardation is a prominent feature of their illness. Weight restoration is associated with catch-up growth, but complete catch-up is often not achieved.
A Comparison of Adrenalectomy and Eplerenone on Vascular Function in Patients with Aldosterone-producing Adenoma
Authors: Kishimoto Shinji , Oki Kenji , Maruhashi Tatsuya , Kajikawa Masato , Hashimoto Haruki , Takaeko Yuji , Harada Takahiro , Yamaji Takayuki , Han Yiming , Kihara Yasuki , Chayama Kazuaki , Goto Chikara , Yusoff Farina Mohamad , Nakashima Ayumu , Higashi Yukihito 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
It remains unclear whether adrenalectomy has more beneficial effects than treatment with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist on vascular function in patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA).

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of adrenalectomy and treatment with eplerenone on vascular function in patients with APA.

Design, Setting, and Patients
Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), as an index of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID), as an index of endothelium-independent vasodilation, were measured to assess vascular function before and after a 3-month treatment with eplerenone and at 3 months after adrenalectomy in 23 patients with APA.

Results
Flow-mediated vasodilation and NID after adrenalectomy were significantly higher than those before treatment with eplerenone (5.4 ± 2.6% vs 2.7 ± 1.9% and 14.8 ± 4.7% vs 9.6 ± 4.6%, P &lt; 0.01, respectively) and those after treatment with eplerenone (5.4 ± 2.6% vs 3.1 ± 2.3% and 14.8 ± 4.7% vs 11.0 ± 5.3%, P &lt; 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively), while treatment with eplerenone did not alter FMD and NID compared with those before treatment with eplerenone. After adrenalectomy, the increase in FMD and NID were significantly correlated with a decrease in plasma aldosterone concentration and a decrease in the aldosterone-renin ratio. There were no significant relationships between FMD and changes in other parameters or between NID and changes in other parameters.

Conclusions
Adrenalectomy, but not treatment with eplerenone, improved vascular function in patients with APA. Adrenalectomy may be more effective than treatment with eplerenone for reducing the incidence of future cardiovascular events in patients with APA.
Clinical Trial Information: URL for the clinical trial: http://UMIN; Registration Number for the clinical trial: UMIN000003409.
Circulating Thyroid Hormone Profile in Response to a Triiodothyronine Challenge in Familial Longevity
Authors: Zutinic Ana , Blauw Gerard J , Pijl Hanno , Ballieux Bart E , Westendorp Rudi G J , Roelfsema Ferdinand , van Heemst Diana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Familial longevity is associated with higher circulating levels of thyrotropin (TSH), in the absence of differences in circulating thyroid hormones, and a lower thyroid responsivity to TSH, as previously observed in the Leiden Longevity Study (LLS). Further mechanisms underlying these observations remain unknown.

Objective
We hypothesized that members from long-lived families (offspring) have higher thyroid hormone turnover or less negative feedback effect on TSH secretion compared to controls.

Methods
In a case-control intervention study, 14 offspring and 13 similarly aged controls received 100 µg 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) orally. Their circulating T3, free T3 (fT3), and TSH levels were measured during 5 consecutive days. We compared profiles of circulating T3, fT3, and TSH between offspring and controls using general linear modeling (GLM) and calculated the percentage decline in TSH following T3 administration.

Results
Circulating T3 and fT3 levels increased to supraphysiologic values and normalized over the course of 5 days. There were no serious adverse events. T3 and fT3 concentration profiles over 5 days were similar between offspring and controls (T3 GLM P = .11, fT3 GLM P = .46). TSH levels decreased in a biphasic manner and started returning to baseline by day 5. The TSH concentration profile over 5 days was similar between offspring and controls (GLM P = .08), as was the relative TSH decline (%).

Conclusions
Members of long-lived families have neither higher T3 turnover nor diminished negative feedback of T3 on TSH secretion. The cause and biological role of elevated TSH levels in familial longevity remain to be elucidated.
Cercosporamide inhibits bone morphogenetic protein receptor type I kinase activity in zebrafish
Authors: Hoeksma Jelmer , van der Zon Gerard C. M. , ten Dijke Peter , den Hertog Jeroen 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Zebrafish models are well-established tools for investigating the underlying mechanisms of diseases. Here, we identified cercosporamide, a metabolite from the fungus Ascochyta aquiliqiae, as a potent bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) type I kinase inhibitor through a zebrafish embryo phenotypic screen. The developmental defects in zebrafish, including lack of the ventral fin, induced by cercosporamide were strikingly similar to the phenotypes caused by renowned small-molecule BMPR type I kinase inhibitors and inactivating mutations in zebrafish BMPRs. In mammalian cell-based assays, cercosporamide blocked BMP/SMAD-dependent transcriptional reporter activity and BMP-induced SMAD1/5-phosphorylation. Biochemical assays with a panel of purified recombinant kinases demonstrated that cercosporamide directly inhibited kinase activity of type I BMPRs [also called activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs)]. In mammalian cells, cercosporamide selectively inhibited constitutively active BMPR type I-induced SMAD1/5 phosphorylation. Importantly, cercosporamide rescued the developmental defects caused by constitutively active Alk2 in zebrafish embryos. We believe that cercosporamide could be the first of a new class of molecules with potential to be developed further for clinical use against diseases that are causally linked to overactivation of BMPR signaling, including fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
CERN
Authors: Melissourgos D. , Mexis P. , Stefanopoulou S. 
Published: August 2020

As a team, we decided to elaborate on the CERN center for scientific research. We are going to refer to topics such as; the history of the institute, the countries that have participated in the foundation of CERN, the main projects that take place there and lastly the contribution of our country, Greece, in the scientific research taking place there.
Anti-retroviral therapy after “Treat All” in Harare, Zimbabwe: What are the changes in uptake, time to initiation and retention?
Authors: Matare Takura , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Ncube Ronald T. , Masunda Kudzai , Mukeredzi Innocent , Takarinda Kudakwashe C. , Dzangare Janet , Gonese Gloria , Khabo Bekezela B. , Choto Regis C. , Apollo Tsitsi 
Published: August 2020

Background: In Zimbabwe, Harare was the first province to implement “Treat All” for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Since its roll out in July 2016, no study has been conducted to assess the changes in key programme indicators. We compared antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake, time to ART initiation from diagnosis, and retention before and during “Treat All”. Methods: We conducted an ecological study to assess ART uptake among all PLHIV newly diagnosed before and during “Treat All”. We conducted a cohort study to assess time to ART initiation and retention in care among all PLHIV newly initiated on ART from all electronic patient management system-supported sites (n=50) before and during “Treat All”. Results: ART uptake increased from 65% (n=4619) by the end of quarter one, 2014 to 85% (n=5152) by the end of quarter four, 2018. A cohort of 2289 PLHIV was newly initiated on ART before (April-June 2015) and 1682 during “Treat all” (April-June 2017). Their age and gender distribution was similar. The proportion of PLHIV in early stages of disease was significantly higher during “Treat all” (73.2% vs. 55.6%, p<0.001). The median time to ART initiation was significantly lower during “Treat All” (31 vs. 88 days, p<0.001). Cumulative retention at three, six and 12 months was consistently lower during “Treat all” and was significant at six months (74.9% vs.78.1% p=0.022). Conclusion: Although there were benefits of early ART initiation during “Treat All”, the programme should consider strategies to improve retention.
As Representações Sociais sobre a Maternidade para Mães em Privação de Liberdade
Authors: Pinto Adriele Vieira de Lima , Coutinho Maria da Penha De Lima , Cavalcanti Jaqueline Gomes , Silva Karla Costa 
Published: August 2020

Diante do aumento do encarceramento feminino, ganharam visibilidade questões específicas deste público, dentre elas as relacionadas à maternidade. Este estudo objetivou conhecer a vivência da maternidade para mães privadas de liberdade, a partir do aporte teórico das Representações Sociais. Participaram 15 mães, com idade entre 21 e 44 anos (M=30,47; DP=6,25) do Centro de Ressocialização Feminino de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Foram submetidas a entrevistas em profundidade e ao questionário sóciodemográfico. A produção textual foi processada com o auxílio do software ALCESTE e analisadas pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, os dados sóciodemográficos por meio do SPSS (versão 21). Dos resultados, emergiram quatro classes temáticas, ancoradas: na vivência e rotina diária na prisão; no conhecimento sobre processos, sentenças e morosidade da justiça; nas vulnerabilidades para o uso de substâncias psicoativas e suas consequências nas relações familiares; e na vivência da maternidade. Ser mãe, neste contexto, foi objetivado como sinônimo de sofrimento, incerteza e culpa pela ausência nos cuidados maternos e pela separação dos filhos e familiares. Destaca-se que a maternidade adquire diferentes facetas que ora se aproximam e ora se distanciam do ideal de maternidade socialmente disseminado. Assim, faz-se necessário promover ações sociais que busquem fortalecer os laços psicossociais entre as mães presas, suas famílias, filhos e sociedade.
EDUCAÇÃO EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA NO BRASIL: SABERESFAZERES ESCOLARES EM EXPOSIÇÃO NAS REDES
Authors: Martins Vivian , Almeida Joelma 
Published: August 2020

Refletimos a respeito do andamento dos processos educativos no Brasil em meio ao distanciamento social forçado por uma pandemia em escala mundial. Apresentamos o parecer do Conselho Nacional de Educação que sugere a contabilização das atividades pedagógicas não presenciais para o cumprimento da carga horária mínima estabelecida pela LDB. Consideramos tal proposição problemática por desconsiderar as diferentes realidades e desigualdades sociais do país, já que nem todos os estudantes possuem condições de acompanhar as atividades não presenciais. Sendo assim, nossa proposta segue pelo caminho da comunicação continuada, sem, necessariamente, ser contabilizada como dia letivo, com a efetivação da carga horária de forma presencial ao fim do período da pandemia. Como infelizmente, as iniciativas que mais observamos valorizam o conteúdo, anunciamos algumas relações possíveis, que passam pela interatividade, afetividade, formação cidadã, colaboração, coautoria, aprendizagem significativa, projetos interdisciplinares, avaliação adequada, mediação docente implicada, relação síncrono-assíncrono, entre outros, buscando a visão de que aprendemos qualitativamente nas trocas e nas construções conjuntas. Torna-se necessário transformar o pensamento sobre o ato educativo, vamos apostar na mudança.
High-gain waveguide amplifiers in Si3N4 technology via double-layer monolithic integration
Authors: Mu Jinfeng , Dijkstra Meindert , Korterik Jeroen , Offerhaus Herman , García-Blanco Sonia M. 
Published: August 2020

Silicon nitride

(

Si

3

N

4

)
-
on
-

SiO

2

attracts increasing interest in integrated photonics owing to its low propagation loss and wide transparency window, extending from

∼
400

nm

to 2350 nm. Scalable integration of active devices such as amplifiers and lasers on the

Si
3

N
4

platform will enable applications requiring optical gain and a much-needed alternative to hybrid integration, which suffers from high cost and lack of high-volume manufacturability. We demonstrate a high-gain optical amplifier in

Al
2

O
3

:

Er

3
+

monolithically integrated on the

Si
3

N
4

platform using a double photonic layer approach. The device exhibits a net

Si

3

N

4

-
to
-

Si

3

N

4

gain of

18.1
±
0.9

dB

at 1532 nm, and a broadband gain operation over 70 nm covering wavelengths in the S-, C- and L-bands. This work shows that rare-earth-ion-doped materials and in particular, rare-earth-ion-doped

Al
2

O
3

, can provide very high net amplification for the

Si
3

N
4

platform, paving the way to the development of different active devices monolithically integrated in this passive platform.
Contraction Reserve With Ineffective Esophageal Motility on Esophageal High-Resolution Manometry is Associated With Lower Acid Exposure Times Compared With Absent Contraction Reserve
Authors: Quader Farhan , Rogers Benjamin , Sievers Tyson , Mumtaz Shaham , Lee Mindy , Lu Thomas , Gyawali C. Prakash 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUCTION:Ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) is a minor motor disorder with potential reflux implications. Contraction reserve, manifested as augmentation of esophageal body contraction after multiple rapid swallows (MRS), may affect esophageal acid exposure time (AET) in IEM.METHODS:Esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) and ambulatory reflux monitoring studies were reviewed over 2 years to identify patients with normal HRM, IEM (≥50% ineffective swallows), and absent contractility (100% failed swallows). Single swallows and MRS were analyzed using HRM software tools (distal contractile integral, DCI) to determine contraction reserve (mean MRS DCI to mean single swallow DCI ratio >1). Univariate analysis and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine motor predictors of abnormal AET in the context of contraction reserve.RESULTS:Of 191 eligible patients, 57.1% had normal HRM, 37.2% had IEM, and 5.8% had absent contractility. Contraction reserve had no affect on AET in normal HRM. Nonsevere IEM (5–7 ineffective swallows) demonstrated significantly lower proportions with abnormal AET in the presence of contraction reserve (30.4%) compared with severe IEM (8–10 ineffective swallows) (75.0%,P= 0.03). Abnormal AET proportions in nonsevere IEM with contraction reserve (32.7%) resembled normal HRM (33.0%,P= 0.96), whereas that in severe IEM with (46.2%) or without contraction reserve (50.0%) resembled absent contractility (54.5%,P≥ 0.6). Multivariable analysis demonstrated contraction reserve to be an independent predictor of lower upright AET in nonsevere (odds ratio 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.88) but not severe IEM.DISCUSSION:Contraction reserve affects esophageal reflux burden in nonsevere IEM. Segregating IEM into severe and nonsevere cohorts has clinical value.
Genomic Prediction and Selection for Fruit Traits in Winter Squash
Authors: Hernandez Christopher O , Wyatt Lindsay E , Mazourek Michael R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Improving fruit quality is an important but challenging breeding goal in winter squash. Squash breeding in general is resource-intensive, especially in terms of space, and the biology of squash makes it difficult to practice selection on both parents. These restrictions translate to smaller breeding populations and limited use of greenhouse generations, which in turn, limit genetic gain per breeding cycle and increases cycle length. Genomic selection is a promising technology for improving breeding efficiency; yet, few studies have explored its use in horticultural crops. We present results demonstrating the predictive ability of whole-genome models for fruit quality traits. Predictive abilities for quality traits were low to moderate, but sufficient for implementation. To test the use of genomic selection for improving fruit quality, we conducted three rounds of genomic recurrent selection in a butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata) population. Selections were based on a fruit quality index derived from a multi-trait genomic selection model. Remnant seed from selected populations was used to assess realized gain from selection. Analysis revealed significant improvement in fruit quality index value and changes in correlated traits. This study is one of the first empirical studies to evaluate gain from a multi-trait genomic selection model in a resource-limited horticultural crop.
Rapid Self-Selecting and Clone-Free Integration of Transgenes into Engineered CRISPR Safe Harbor Locations inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Stevenson Zachary C , Moerdyk-Schauwecker Megan J , Jamison Brennen , Phillips Patrick C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrecision genome editing for model organisms has revolutionized functional analysis and validation of a wide variety of molecular systems. To date, the capacity to insert single-copy transgenes into the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has focused on utilizing either transposable elements or CRISPR-based safe harbor strategies. These methods require plate-level screening processes to avoid selecting heritable extrachromosomal arrays or rely on co-CRISPR markers to identify knock-in events. As a result, verification of transgene insertion requires anti-array selection screening methods and PCR genotyping. These approaches also rely on cloning plasmids for the addition of transgenes. Here, we present a novel safe harbor CRISPR-based integration strategy that utilizes engineered insertion locations containing a synthetic guide RNA target and a split-selection system to eliminate false positives from array formation, thereby providing integration-specific selection. This approach allows the experimenter to confirm an integration event has taken place without molecular validation or anti-array screening methods and is capable of producing integrated transgenic lines in as little as five days post-injection. To further increase the speed of generating transgenic lines, we also utilized the C. elegans native microhomology-based recombination, to assemble transgenes in-situ, removing the cloning step. We show that complete transgenes can be made and inserted into our split-selection safe harbor locations starting from PCR products, providing a clone-free and molecular-validation-free strategy for single-copy transgene integration. Overall, this combination of approaches provides an economical and rapid system for generating highly reproducible complex transgenics in C. elegans.
Motto: Representing Motifs in Consensus Sequences with Minimum Information Loss
Authors: Wang Mengchi , Wang David , Zhang Kai , Ngo Vu , Fan Shicai , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sequence analysis frequently requires intuitive understanding and convenient representation of motifs. Typically, motifs are represented as position weight matrices (PWMs) and visualized using sequence logos. However, in many scenarios, in order to interpret the motif information or search for motif matches, it is compact and sufficient to represent motifs by wildcard-style consensus sequences (such as [GC][AT]GATAAG[GAC]). Based on mutual information theory and Jensen-Shannon divergence, we propose a mathematical framework to minimize the information loss in converting PWMs to consensus sequences. We name this representation as sequence Motto and have implemented an efficient algorithm with flexible options for converting motif PWMs into Motto from nucleotides, amino acids, and customized characters. We show that this representation provides a simple and efficient way to identify the binding sites of 1156 common transcription factors (TFs) in the human genome. The effectiveness of the method was benchmarked by comparing sequence matches found by Motto with PWM scanning results found by FIMO. On average, our method achieves a 0.81 area under the precision-recall curve, significantly (P-value &lt; 0.01) outperforming all existing methods, including maximal positional weight, Cavener’s method, and minimal mean square error. We believe this representation provides a distilled summary of a motif, as well as the statistical justification.
Escala para medir la concentración de los sectores de la economía mexicana mediante el coeficiente de Zipf
Authors: Hernández Oliva Juan Josué , Alcaraz Vargas Jorge Luis , Mansilla Corona Ricardo Lino 
Published: August 2020

Este artículo demostró que la distribución de las ventas, la utilidad neta, los activos y el número de empleados de las quinientas empresas más grandes de México siguen la ley de Zipf. Luego de calcular los coeficientes de Zipf para el periodo de 2006 a 2017, estos fueron usados para crear una escala que mide tres distintos niveles de intensidad de competencia entre empresas, en seis sectores de la economía mexicana. Esta escala indica cuándo el sector está concentrado y cuándo se favorece la creación o destrucción de empresas. También se encontró el principio de Pareto en el comportamiento de las variables estudiadas.
Los ferrocarriles suburbanos europeos: enfoque económico sobre el nuevo entorno general y operativo
Authors: Martín Urbano Pablo , Ruiz-Rúa Aurora , Sánchez Gutiérrez Juan Ignacio 
Published: August 2020

Este artículo pretende destacar los principales cambios ocurridos en los ferrocarriles suburbanos como resultado de los procesos liberalizadores emprendidos por la Unión Europea (UE) en las últimas décadas. Para ello, en primer lugar, realiza un recorrido por los principales beneficios inducidos de este modo de transporte en las ciudades europeas, en clave social, económica, territorial y medioambiental. A continuación, analiza las transformaciones más destacables que han tenido lugar en el marco operativo de los ferrocarriles suburbanos europeos, desde la perspectiva de la prestación del servicio, la gestión de la infraestructura y la explotación del material móvil.