bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presumption of Marriage in Uganda
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Case law, amongst other sources, shows that many people in Uganda are living together as husband and wife although they are not married. Unlike legislation in other African countries such as Tanzania and Malawi, in Uganda, the pieces of legislation governing marriages are silent on the issue of presumption of marriage. Likewise, unlike in Kenya and South Africa where legislation does not provide for presumption of marriage but courts have held that such a presumption exists based on long cohabitation, Ugandan courts, the High Court, and the Court of Appeal, have held that Ugandan law does not recognise marriage based on long cohabitation (marriage by repute). However, courts will presume the existence of a marriage where a marriage ceremony took place. Since 2003, attempts to enact legislation to provide for the presumption of marriage in Uganda have not been successful. In this article, the author argues that there is still room for the Supreme Court to hold, on the basis of common law, that Ugandan law recognises the principle of presumption of marriage. This recognition would also be in line with Uganda’s international law obligation as the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women has called upon States Parties to CEDAW to enact legislation giving effect to de facto unions. The author relies on case law and legislation from some African countries to suggest ways in which the Supreme Court could deal with the issue of presumption of marriage.
Stellar masses of giant clumps in CANDELS and simulated galaxies using machine learning
Authors: Huertas-Company Marc , Guo Yicheng , Ginzburg Omri , Lee Christoph T , Mandelker Nir , Metter Maxwell , Primack Joel R , Dekel Avishai , Ceverino Daniel , Faber Sandra M , Koo David C , Koekemoer Anton , Snyder Gregory , Giavalisco Mauro , Zhang Haowen 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
A significant fraction of high redshift star-forming disc galaxies are known to host giant clumps, whose nature and role in galaxy evolution are yet to be understood. In this work, we first present a new method based on neural networks to detect clumps in galaxy images. We use this method to detect clumps in the rest-frame optical and UV images of a complete sample of ∼1500 star forming galaxies at 1 &lt; z &lt; 3 in the CANDELS survey as well as in images from the VELA zoom-in cosmological simulations. We show that observational effects have a dramatic impact on the derived clump properties leading to an overestimation of the clump mass up to a factor of 10, which highlights the importance of fair comparisons between observations and simulations and the limitations of current HST data to study the resolved structure of distant galaxies. After correcting for these effects with a mixture density network, we estimate that the clump stellar mass function follows a power law down to the completeness limit (107 solar masses) with the majority of the clumps being less massive than 109 solar masses. This is in better agreement with recent gravitational lensing based measurements. The simulations explored in this work overall reproduce the shape of the observed clump stellar mass function and clumpy fractions when confronted under the same conditions, although they tend to lie in the lower limit of the confidence intervals of the observations. This agreement suggests that most of the observed clumps are formed in situ.
MeerKAT’s discovery of a radio relic in the bimodal merging cluster A2384
Authors: Parekh V , Thorat K , Kale R , Hugo B , Oozeer N , Makhathini S , Kleiner D , White S V , Józsa G I G , Smirnov O , van der Heyden K , Perkins S , Andati L , Ramaila A , Ramatsoku M 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of a single radio relic located at the edge of the galaxy cluster A2384, using the MeerKAT radio telescope. A2384 is a nearby (z = 0.092), low-mass, complex bimodal, merging galaxy cluster that displays a dense X-ray filament (∼700 kpc in length) between A2384(N; northern cluster) and A2384(S; southern cluster). The origin of the radio relic is puzzling. Using the MeerKAT observation of A2384, we estimate that the physical size of the radio relic is 824 × 264 kpc2 and that it is a steep spectrum source. The radio power of the relic is $P_{1.4\mathrm{GHz}}\, \sim$ (3.87 ± 0.40) × 1023 W Hz−1. This radio relic could be the result of shock wave propagation during the passage of the low-mass A2384(S) cluster through the massive A2384(N) cluster, creating a trail appearing as a hot X-ray filament. In the previous GMRT 325 MHz observation, we detected a peculiar FR I radio galaxy interacting with the hot X-ray filament of A2384, but the extended radio relic was not detected; it was confused with the southern lobe of the FR I galaxy. This newly detected radio relic is elongated and perpendicular to the merger axis, as seen in other relic clusters. In addition to the relic, we notice a candidate radio ridge in the hot X-ray filament. The physical size of the radio ridge source is ∼182 × 129 kpc2. Detection of the diffuse radio sources in the X-ray filament is a rare phenomenon, and could be a new class of radio source found between the two merging clusters of A2384(N) and A2384(S).
Calibrating the BHB star distance scale and the halo kinematic distance to the Galactic Centre
Authors: Utkin Nikita D , Dambis Andrei K 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We report the first determination of the distance to the Galactic Centre based on the kinematics of halo objects. We apply the statistical-parallax technique to the sample of ∼2500 blue horizontal branch (BHB) stars compiled by Xue et al. to simultaneously constrain the correction factor to the photometric distances of BHB stars as reported by those authors and the distance to the Galactic Centre to find R = 8.2 ± 0.6 kpc. We also find that the average velocity of our BHB star sample in the direction of Galactic rotation, V0 = −240 ± 4 km s−1, is greater by about 20 km s−1 in absolute value than the corresponding velocity for halo RR Lyrae type stars (V0 = −222 ± 4 km s−1) in the Galactocentric distance interval from 6 to 18 kpc, whereas the total (σV) and radial (σr) velocity dispersion of the BHB sample are smaller by about 40–45 km s−1 than the corresponding parameters of the velocity dispersion ellipsoid of halo RR Lyrae type variables. The velocity dispersion tensor of halo BHB stars proved to be markedly less anisotropic than the corresponding tensor for RR Lyrae type variables: the corresponding anisotropy parameter values are equal to βBHB = 0.51 ± 0.02 and βRR = 0.71 ± 0.03, respectively.
Star formation in CALIFA survey perturbed galaxies – I. Effects of tidal interactions
Authors: Morales-Vargas A , Torres-Papaqui J P , Rosales-Ortega F F , Sánchez S F , Chow-Martínez M , Ortega-Minakata R A , Trejo-Alonso J J , Robleto-Orús A C , Romero-Cruz F J , Neri-Larios D M ,   (The CALIFA Survey Collaboration)
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We explore the effects of tidal interactions on star formation (SF) by analysing a sample of CALIFA survey galaxies. The sample consists of tidally and non-tidally perturbed galaxies whose star-forming regions are paired at the closest stellar mass surface densities, even between the same galaxy types. The regions are then compared, both on the resolved star-formation main sequence (SFMS) plane and in annular property profiles. Star-forming regions in tidally perturbed galaxies exhibit flatter SFMS slopes compared to star-forming regions in non-tidally perturbed galaxies. Despite the fact that the annular profiles show star-forming regions in tidally perturbed galaxies as being mostly older, their SF properties are never reduced against those of non-tidally perturbed galaxies. Star-forming regions in non-tidally perturbed galaxies are better candidates for SF suppression (quenching). The lowered SF with increasing stellar mass density in tidally perturbed galaxies may suggest a lower dependence of SF on stellar mass. Though the SFMS slopes, either flatter or steeper, are found independent of stellar mass density, the effect of global stellar mass cannot be ignored when distinguishing between galaxy types. Since a phenomenon or property other than local/global stellar mass may be taking part in the modulation of SF, the integrated SF properties are related to the tidal perturbation parameter. We find weak, but detectable, positive correlations for perturbed galaxies suggesting that tidal perturbations induced by close companions increase the gas accretion rates of these objects.
Base pairing, structural and functional insights into N4-methylcytidine (m4C) and N4,N4-dimethylcytidine (m42C) modified RNA
Authors: Mao Song , Sekula Bartosz , Ruszkowski Milosz , Ranganathan Srivathsan V , Haruehanroengra Phensinee , Wu Ying , Shen Fusheng , Sheng Jia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The N4-methylation of cytidine (m4C and m42C) in RNA plays important roles in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells. In this work, we synthesized a series of m4C and m42C modified RNA oligonucleotides, conducted their base pairing and bioactivity studies, and solved three new crystal structures of the RNA duplexes containing these two modifications. Our thermostability and X-ray crystallography studies, together with the molecular dynamic simulation studies, demonstrated that m4C retains a regular C:G base pairing pattern in RNA duplex and has a relatively small effect on its base pairing stability and specificity. By contrast, the m42C modification disrupts the C:G pair and significantly decreases the duplex stability through a conformational shift of native Watson-Crick pair to a wobble-like pattern with the formation of two hydrogen bonds. This double-methylated m42C also results in the loss of base pairing discrimination between C:G and other mismatched pairs like C:A, C:T and C:C. The biochemical investigation of these two modified residues in the reverse transcription model shows that both mono- or di-methylated cytosine bases could specify the C:T pair and induce the G to T mutation using HIV-1 RT. In the presence of other reverse transcriptases with higher fidelity like AMV-RT, the methylation could either retain the normal nucleotide incorporation or completely inhibit the DNA synthesis. These results indicate the methylation at N4-position of cytidine is a molecular mechanism to fine tune base pairing specificity and affect the coding efficiency and fidelity during gene replication.
iModulonDB: a knowledgebase of microbial transcriptional regulation derived from machine learning
Authors: Rychel Kevin , Decker Katherine , Sastry Anand V , Phaneuf Patrick V , Poudel Saugat , Palsson Bernhard O 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndependent component analysis (ICA) of bacterial transcriptomes has emerged as a powerful tool for obtaining co-regulated, independently-modulated gene sets (iModulons), inferring their activities across a range of conditions, and enabling their association to known genetic regulators. By grouping and analyzing genes based on observations from big data alone, iModulons can provide a novel perspective into how the composition of the transcriptome adapts to environmental conditions. Here, we present iModulonDB (imodulondb.org), a knowledgebase of prokaryotic transcriptional regulation computed from high-quality transcriptomic datasets using ICA. Users select an organism from the home page and then search or browse the curated iModulons that make up its transcriptome. Each iModulon and gene has its own interactive dashboard, featuring plots and tables with clickable, hoverable, and downloadable features. This site enhances research by presenting scientists of all backgrounds with co-expressed gene sets and their activity levels, which lead to improved understanding of regulator-gene relationships, discovery of transcription factors, and the elucidation of unexpected relationships between conditions and genetic regulatory activity. The current release of iModulonDB covers three organisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) with 204 iModulons, and can be expanded to cover many additional organisms.
BiG-FAM: the biosynthetic gene cluster families database
Authors: Kautsar Satria A , Blin Kai , Shaw Simon , Weber Tilmann , Medema Marnix H 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComputational analysis of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) has revolutionized natural product discovery by enabling the rapid investigation of secondary metabolic potential within microbial genome sequences. Grouping homologous BGCs into Gene Cluster Families (GCFs) facilitates mapping their architectural and taxonomic diversity and provides insights into the novelty of putative BGCs, through dereplication with BGCs of known function. While multiple databases exist for exploring BGCs from publicly available data, no public resources exist that focus on GCF relationships. Here, we present BiG-FAM, a database of 29,955 GCFs capturing the global diversity of 1,225,071 BGCs predicted from 209,206 publicly available microbial genomes and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The database offers rich functionalities, such as multi-criterion GCF searches, direct links to BGC databases such as antiSMASH-DB, and rapid GCF annotation of user-supplied BGCs from antiSMASH results. BiG-FAM can be accessed online at https://bigfam.bioinformatics.nl.
Evolution of body composition and wasting indicators by time of day of haemodialysis
Authors: Carrero Juan J , Zawada Adam M , Wolf Melanie , Stuard Stefano , Canaud Bernard , Gauly Adelheid , Winter Anke C , Fouque Denis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt has been a long-standing clinical concern that haemodialysis (HD) patients on afternoon shifts (ASs) are more prone to protein-energy wasting (PEW) than those on morning shifts (MSs), as their dialysis scheme and post-dialysis symptoms may interfere with meal intake. We evaluated the effect of time of day of HD on the evolution of body composition changes and PEW surrogates.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study among 9.963 incident HD patients treated in NephroCare centres (2011–16); data were routinely collected in the European Clinical Database. The course of multi-frequency bioimpedance determined lean and fat tissue indices (LTI and FTI) between patients in MSs/ASs over 2 years were compared with linear mixed models. Secondary PEW indicators were body mass index, albumin, creatinine index and normalized protein catabolic rate. Models included fixed (age, sex, vascular access and diabetes mellitus) and random effects (country and patient).ResultsMean baseline LTI and FTI were comparable between MSs (LTI: 12.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2 and FTI: 13.7 ± 6.0 kg/m2) and ASs (LTI: 12.4 ± 2.9 kg/m2 and FTI: 13.2 ± 6.1 kg/m2). During follow-up, LTI decreased and FTI increased similarly, with a mean absolute change (baseline to 24 months) of −0.3 kg/m2 for LTI and +1.0 kg/m2 for FTI. The course of these malnutrition indicators did not differ between dialysis shifts (P for interaction ≥0.10). We also did not observe differences between groups for secondary PEW indicators.ConclusionsThis study suggests that a dialysis shift in the morning or in the afternoon does not impact the long-term nutritional status of HD patients. Regardless of time of day of HD, patients progressively lose muscle mass and increase body fat.
Les soins complets de l’enfant ayant la paralysie cérébrale et capable de marcher (GMFCS I et II) : une perspective canadienne
Authors: Kawamura Anne , Makino Amber , McLeod Scott 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
La paralysie cérébrale (PC), qui est l’incapacité physique la plus fréquente au Canada, touche de deux à trois personnes sur 1 000. Au cours de leur carrière, les pédiatres verront et soigneront à coup sûr des enfants ayant la PC et leur famille. Le pédiatre général joue un rôle crucial dans les soins de l’enfant ayant la PC, qu’il s’agisse de poser le diagnostic ou d’assurer l’accès à une maison médicale (medical home), de garantir la coordination des soins ou de donner des conseils et des soins préventifs pour assurer sa santé et son bien-être. La fiche de santé et de bien-être en cas de PC qui accompagne le présent point de pratique peut aider à la fois le praticien et la famille de l’enfant à explorer des aspects essentiels de la santé, du fonctionnement, de la participation aux activités et du bien-être. Cette fiche peut être utilisée conjointement avec d’autres guides de promotion de la santé fondés sur des données probantes, comme le Relevé postnatal Rourke et le Relevé médical Greig, pour renseigner les cliniciens qui s’occupent d’enfants ayant la PC et capables de marcher (niveaux I et II du système de classification de la fonction motrice globale) sur des troubles et des domaines de santé particuliers.
Potato Virus X Vector-Mediated DNA-Free Genome Editing in Plants
Authors: Ariga Hirotaka , Toki Seiichi , Ishibashi Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenome editing technology is important for plant science and crop breeding. Genome-edited plants prepared using general CRISPR-Cas9 methods usually contain foreign DNA, which is problematic for the production of genome-edited transgene-free plants for vegetative propagation or highly heterozygous hybrid cultivars. Here, we describe a method for highly efficient targeted mutagenesis in Nicotiana benthamiana through the expression of Cas9 and single-guide (sg)RNA using a potato virus X (PVX) vector. Following Agrobacterium-mediated introduction of virus vector cDNA, &gt;60% of shoots regenerated without antibiotic selection carried targeted mutations, while ≤18% of shoots contained T-DNA. The PVX vector was also used to express a base editor consisting of modified Cas9 fused with cytidine deaminase to introduce targeted nucleotide substitution in regenerated shoots. We also report exogenous DNA-free genome editing by mechanical inoculation of virions comprising the PVX vector expressing Cas9. This simple and efficient virus vector-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 could facilitate transgene-free gene editing in plants.
Local Rapid Exhumation and Fast Cooling in a Long-lived Paleoproterozoic Orogeny
Authors: Zou Yi , Chu Xu , Li Qiuli , Mitchell Ross N , Zhai Mingguo , Zou Xinyu , Zhao Lei , Wang Yuquan , Liu Bo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The exhumation and cooling rates of high-grade metamorphic rocks are crucial for inferring orogenic processes and understanding the regimes of heat transport in the Earth’s crust. Quantification of these rates remains challenging for Precambrian terranes, because the temporal resolution of geochronology becomes coarser in deeper geological time. This limitation is partly reflected by a striking lack of Proterozoic or older short-duration events (&lt;10 Myr); most documented cases of fast metamorphism are confined to the Phanerozoic. In this study, we use garnet geospeedometry to explore the metamorphic rates of Paleoproterozoic high-grade rocks from two representative areas within the long-lived (1·95–1·80 Ga) Jiao-Liao-Ji orogenic belt, North China Craton. The pelitic granulites in the Taipingzhuang area record high-pressure granulite-facies (HPG) metamorphism of ∼12 kbar and ∼800 °C, followed by a fast decompression-cooling to ∼5 kbar and ∼600 °C within ∼5 Myr, at c. 1·87 Ga. The pelitic granulites in the Rizhuang area document a brief (&lt;1 Myr) thermal excursion to ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism of ∼8 kbar and ∼940 °C at c. 1·85 Ga, followed by a fast cooling to ∼600 °C within 1–5 Myr. In light of available geological data, the fast decompression-cooling of HPG granulites is interpreted as the syn-collisional exhumation of thickened lower crustal segments at c. 1·87 Ga, most probably through tectonic extrusion. The thermal excursion transiently reaching UHT conditions is inferred to be triggered by localized syn-metamorphic mafic intrusions in association with magmatic underplating during post-collisional extension at c. 1·85 Ga. These metamorphic pulses were interspersed within the protracted Paleoproterozoic orogenesis and require geodynamic processes resembling modern plate tectonics. Notably, these ancient rapid events are beyond the temporal resolution of commonly used in situ geochronology, which tends to yield apparent longer durations given errors and uncertainties. We therefore note that most ancient metamorphic rates might be underestimated using geochronological data, and recommend garnet geospeedometry as a promising alternative approach. The largely similar rates recorded by Paleoproterozoic and Phanerozoic orogens, as well as high-pressure metamorphism at 1·9–1·8 Ga, support the operation of modern plate tectonics in Paleoproterozoic time.
The impact of disease severity and duration on cost, early retirement and ability to work in rheumatoid arthritis in Europe: an economic modelling study
Authors: Galloway James , Capron Jean-Philippe , De Leonardis Francesco , Fakhouri Walid , Rose Alison , Kouris Ilias , Burke Tom 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
RA is a progressive, chronic autoimmune disease. We summarize the impact of disease activity as measured by the DAS in 28 joints (DAS28-CRP scores) and pain on productivity and ability to work using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI) scores, in addition to the impact of disease duration on the ability to work.

Methods
Data were drawn from the Burden of RA across Europe: a Socioeconomic Survey (BRASS), a European cross-sectional study in RA. Analyses explored associations between DAS28-CRP score and disease duration with stopping work because of RA, and regression analyses assessed impacts of pain and DAS28-CRP on early retirement and WPAI.

Results
Four hundred and seventy-six RA specialist clinicians provided information on 4079 adults with RA, of whom 2087 completed the patient survey. Severe disease activity was associated with higher rates of stopping work or early retirement attributable to RA (21%) vs moderate/mild disease (7%) or remission (8%). Work impairment was higher in severe (67%) or moderate RA (45%) compared with low disease activity [LDA (37%)] or remission (28%). Moreover, patients with severe (60%) or moderate pain (48%) experienced increased work impairment [mild (34%) or no pain (19%)]. Moderate to severe pain is significant in patients with LDA (35%) or remission (22%). A statistically significant association was found between severity, duration and pain vs work impairment, and between disease duration vs early retirement.

Conclusion
Results demonstrate the high burden of RA. Furthermore, subjective domains, such as pain, could be as important as objective measures of RA activity in affecting the ability to work.
Cyclical Fluctuations, Financial Shocks, and the Entry of Fast-Growing Entrepreneurial Startups
Authors: Albert Christoph , Caggese Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We analyze a multiyear, multicountry entrepreneurship survey with more than one million observations to identify startups with low and high growth potential. We confirm the validity of these ex ante measures with ex post firm-level information on employment growth. We find that negative aggregate financial shocks reduce all startup types, but their effect is significantly stronger for startups with high growth potential, especially when GDP growth is low. Our results uncover a new composition of entry channel that significantly reduces employment growth and is potentially important for explaining slow recoveries after financial crises.