bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White Matter Hyperintensities Quantification in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Melazzini Luca , Vitali Paolo , Olivieri Emanuele , Bolchini Marco , Zanardo Moreno , Savoldi Filippo , Di Leo Giovanni , Griffanti Ludovica , Baselli Giuseppe , Sardanelli Francesco , Codari Marina 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAlthough white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volumetric assessment is now customary in research studies, inconsistent WMH measures among homogenous populations may prevent the clinical usability of this biomarker.PurposeTo determine whether a point estimate and reference standard for WMH volume in the healthy aging population could be determined.Study TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.PopulationIn all, 9716 adult subjects from 38 studies reporting WMH volume were retrieved following a systematic search on EMBASE.Field Strength/Sequence1.0T, 1.5T, or 3.0T/fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and/or proton density/T2‐weighted fast spin echo sequences or gradient echo T1‐weighted sequences.AssessmentAfter a literature search, sample size, demographics, magnetic field strength, MRI sequences, level of automation in WMH assessment, study population, and WMH volume were extracted.Statistical TestsThe pooled WMH volume with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the random‐effect model. The I2 statistic was calculated as a measure of heterogeneity across studies. Meta‐regression analysis of WMH volume on age was performed.ResultsOf the 38 studies analyzed, 17 reported WMH volume as the mean and standard deviation (SD) and were included in the meta‐analysis. Mean and SD of age was 66.11 ± 10.92 years (percentage of men 50.45% ± 21.48%). Heterogeneity was very high (I2 = 99%). The pooled WMH volume was 4.70 cm3 (95% CI: 3.88–5.53 cm3). At meta‐regression analysis, WMH volume was positively associated with subjects' age (β = 0.358 cm3 per year, P < 0.05, R2 = 0.27).Data ConclusionThe lack of standardization in the definition of WMH together with the high technical variability in assessment may explain a large component of the observed heterogeneity. Currently, volumes of WMH in healthy subjects are not comparable between studies and an estimate and reference interval could not be determined.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
In Vitro and In Vivo Study of a Novel Nanoscale Demineralized Bone Matrix Coated PCL/β‐TCP Scaffold for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yuan Bo , Wang Zhiwei , Zhao Yin , Tang Yifan , Zhou Shengyuan , Sun Yanqing , Chen Xiongsheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBone defects remains a challenge for surgeons. Bone graft scaffold can fill the defect and enhance the bone regeneration. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is an allogeneic bone graft substitute, which can only be used as a filling material rather than a structural bone graft. Coating of the scaffolds with nanoscale DBM may enhance the osteoinductivity or osteoconductivity. Herein the lyophilization method is presented to coat the nano‐DBM on surface of the porous polycaprolactone (PCL)/β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing technology. The morphology, elastic modulus, in vitro cell biocompatibility, and in vivo performance are investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows DBM particle clusters with size of 200–500 nm are observed on scaffolds fibers after coating. MC3T3‐E1 cells on nano‐DBM coated PCL/β‐TCP scaffold show better activity than on PCL/β‐TCP scaffold. In vivo tests show better infiltration of new bone tissue in nano‐DBM coated PCL/β‐TCP scaffold than PCL/β‐TCP scaffold via the interface. These results show the presence of nano‐DBM coating on PCL/β‐TCP scaffold could enhance the attachment, proliferation, and viability of cells and benefit for the new bone formation surrounding and deep inside the scaffolds. Nano‐DBM could potentially be used as a new kind of biomaterial for bone defect treatment.
A hybrid gradient method for strictly convex quadratic programming
Authors: Oviedo Harry , Dalmau Oscar , Herrera Rafael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present a reliable hybrid algorithm for solving convex quadratic minimization problems. At thekth iteration, two points are computed: first, an auxiliary point is generated by performing a gradient step using an optimal steplength, and second, the next iteratexk + 1is obtained by means of weighted sum of with the penultimate iteratexk − 1. The coefficient of the linear combination is computed by minimizing the residual norm along the line determined by the previous points. In particular, we adopt an optimal, nondelayed steplength in the first step and then use a smoothing technique to impose a delay on the scheme. Under a modest assumption, we show that our algorithm is Q‐linearly convergent to the unique solution of the problem. Finally, we report numerical experiments on strictly convex quadratic problems, showing that the proposed method is competitive in terms of CPU time and iterations with the conjugate gradient method.
Immobilization of amikacin on dextran: biocomposite materials that release an antibiotic in the presence of bacterial dextranase
Authors: Dyatlov Valerie , Seregina Tatiana , Luss Anna , Zaitsev Vladimir , Artyukhov Alexander , Shtilman Mikhail , Chumakova Anna , Kushnerev Kirill , Tsatsakis Aristidis , Mezhuev Yaroslav 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe immobilization of a broad‐spectrum antibiotic amikacin on macromolecules of dextran previously modified with epichlorohydrin is described. It is shown that the release of amikacin is observed only in the presence of dextranase, which is produced by bacteria. For the first time, biocomposite materials based on the Glisson capsule of the liver and the pericardium, containing a layer of grafted dextran acting as a carrier of amikacin and capable of releasing amikacin derivatives that have antibacterial activity in the case of infection, have been developed. It was found that the release rate of amikacin derivatives formed in the presence of dextranase is determined by diffusion and is inversely proportional to the squared thickness of the dextran‐containing layer on the surface of biocomposite materials. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism of Single‐Layer MoS2 Induced by Antiferromagnetic Proximity of Yttrium Iron Garnet
Authors: Tsai Shiao‐Po , Yang Chao‐Yao , Lee Chien‐Ju , Lu Li‐Syuan , Liang Hsia‐Ling , Lin Jun‐Xiao , Yu Yi‐Hsing , Chen Chin‐Chung , Chung Tien‐Kan , Kaun Chao‐Cheng , Hsu Hua‐Shu , Huang Ssu‐Yen , Chang Wen‐Hao , He Liang‐Ching , Lai Chih‐Huang , Wang Kang L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSingle‐layered MoS2 is a naturally stable material. Integrating spin, valley, and circularly polarized photons is an interesting endeavor to achieve advanced spin‐valleytronics. In this study, room‐temperature ferromagnetism in MoS2 induced by the magnetic proximity effect (MPE) of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and the antiferromagnetic coupling at the interface is demonstrated. Insulating YIG without charge carriers is an excellent magnetic candidate featuring a long spin diffusion length and remarkable surface flatness, enabling long‐range magnetic interactions with MoS2. Spin‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) reveal that the spin‐polarized valleys of MoS2 can achieve sustained ferromagnetism even at room temperature. The bandgap‐sensitivity of MCD further demonstrates the extent of antiferromagnetic coupling between the MPE‐induced moments of MoS2 and YIG. This work provides a layer‐selected approach to study magnetic interactions/configurations in the YIG/MoS2 bilayer and highlights the role of MoS2 in achieving the MPE toward high temperature.
The applicability of the Sludge Biotic Index in a facility treating sugar refinery effluents and municipal wastewater
Authors: Kepec Mirjana , Matoničkin Kepčija Renata , Vlaičević Barbara , Kepec Slavko , Gulin Vesna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProtozoans are valuable indicators of the wastewater biological treatment process and are used in a variety of water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of the Sludge Biotic Index (SBI) as an indicator of activated sludge purification efficiency during different influent loadings: municipal wastewater (M) and municipal wastewater combined with industrial wastewater from a sugar refinery (M + S). Despite the higher organic load during the M + S period, purification efficiency was higher for BOD5, compared with the M period. SBI values were high during both periods, indicating stable sludge, excellent biological activity, and good to very good performance. According to the share of indicator taxa, better conditions of activated sludge were found during the M + S period. Protozoan abundance differed between the two study periods, as well as purification efficiency for some parameters. Certain taxa showed a significant correlation with purification efficiency for specific parameters. Although SBI is a useful tool for estimating activated sludge health, it should be used in combination with additional indicator metrics and/or a species‐specific approach.Practitioner points

Activated sludge can have high purification efficiency during the co‐treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater.
The Sludge Biotic Index is applicable as an indicator of activated sludge condition during the treatment of municipal and sugar refinery wastewaters.
A combination of indicators and a species‐specific approach can give better estimation of the health of activated sludge.
Introducing a holistic approach to model and link fouling resistances
Authors: Schlüter Florian , Augustin Wolfgang , Scholl Stephan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFouling is the unwanted deposition of soils on heat transfer surfaces and is a major challenge for industry and has been s subject to scientific investigations for decades, still being an unsolved problem for many applications. A fouling situation is commonly quantified with the thermal fouling resistance describing the integral fouling behavior of an apparatus. Modeling of this quantity is a permanent subject to research. This contribution presents the basics of an expanded consideration by introducing a holistic approach to model and link fouling resistances based on the extension of previous work in this field. A thermal and a mass based approach to calculate fouling resistances are considered integrally and locally. This will provide a detailed knowledge of the fouling behavior. Various variables are needed for modeling the different fouling resistances. Therefore, both experimental and analytical methods have to be applied to obtain the required data regarding local differences of crystallization deposits within double-pipe heat exchangers. Here the planned experimental and analytical approaches to receive all the required input data are described, also presenting the required test equipment briefly. Core equipment is a test rig equipped with double pipe heat exchangers, which allows the measurement of thermal and fluid flow related values and provides samples for the analysis of the fouling deposits. Furthermore, the aim of the new modeling concept is to link integral and local fouling resistances by taking into account locally varying parameters regarding the fouling layer. In order to allow for that, a recalculation of the thermal fouling resistance into a corrected version by considering heat transfer enhancing effects attempts to correlate with the mass based approach in a first step. In the end, the holistic modelling approach is presented.
Sudden cardiac death—update
Authors: Markwerth P. , Bajanowski T , Tzimas I. , Dettmeyer R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide with a higher frequency especially in the young. Therefore, SCD is represented frequently in forensic autopsy practice, whereupon pathological findings in the heart can explain acute death. These pathological changes may not only include myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis, or all forms of myocarditis/endocarditis but also rare diseases such as hereditary structural or arrythmogenic anomalies, lesions of the cardiac conduction system, or primary cardiac tumours.
Self-examination low-cost full-field OCT (SELFF-OCT) for patients with various macular diseases
Authors: von der Burchard Claus , Moltmann Moritz , Tode Jan , Ehlken Christoph , Sudkamp Helge , Theisen-Kunde Dirk , König Inke , Hüttmann Gereon , Roider Johann 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The treatment guidelines for many macular diseases rely on frequent monitoring with optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, the burden of frequent disease control leads to low therapy adherence in real life. OCT home monitoring would address this issue but requires an inexpensive and self-operable device. With self-examination low-cost full-field OCT (SELFF-OCT), our group has introduced a novel technology that may fulfill both requirements. In this pilot study, we report the initial experiences with a clinical prototype.

Methods
Fifty-one patients with different macular diseases were recruited in a cross-sectional study. The most common diseases were age-related macular degeneration (AMD; 39/51), diabetic macular edema (DME; 6/51), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO; 3/51). Patients received a short training in device usage and then performed multiple self-scans with the SELFF-OCT device. For comparison, scans with a standard clinical spectral domain (SD-)OCT were taken.

Results
After a brief training, 77% of the patients were able to successfully acquire images that were clinically gradable. No significant influence on success could be found for age (p = 0.08) or BCVA (p = 0.97). Relevant disease biomarkers in the most common retinal diseases could be detected.

Conclusions
SELFF-OCT was used successfully for retinal self-examination and in the future could be used for retinal home monitoring. Future improvements in technology are expected to improve success rates and image quality.

Trial registration
The Trial was registered in the German Trial Register under the number DRKS00013755 on 14.03.2018.
Dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenases involved in gallate biosynthesis of the aluminum-tolerant tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Authors: Tahara Ko , Nishiguchi Mitsuru , Funke Evelyn , Miyazawa Shin-Ichi , Miyama Takafumi , Milkowski Carsten 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Main conclusion
Eucalyptus camaldulensis EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 combine gallate formation, dehydroquinate dehydratase, and shikimate dehydrogenase activities. They are candidates for providing the essential gallate for the biosynthesis of the aluminum-detoxifying metabolite oenothein B.

Abstract
The tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis shows exceptionally high tolerance against aluminum, a widespread toxic metal in acidic soils. In the roots of E. camaldulensis, aluminum is detoxified via the complexation with oenothein B, a hydrolyzable tannin. In our approach to elucidate the biosynthesis of oenothein B, we here report on the identification of E. camaldulensis enzymes that catalyze the formation of gallate, which is the phenolic constituent of hydrolyzable tannins. By systematical screening of E. camaldulensis dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenases (EcDQD/SDHs), we found two enzymes, EcDQD/SDH2 and 3, catalyzing the NADP+-dependent oxidation of 3-dehydroshikimate to produce gallate. Based on extensive in vitro assays using recombinant EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 enzymes, we present for the first time a detailed characterization of the enzymatic gallate formation activity, including the cofactor preferences, pH optima, and kinetic constants. Sequence analyses and structure modeling suggest the gallate formation activity of EcDQD/SDHs is based on the reorientation of 3-dehydroshikimate in the catalytic center, which facilitates the proton abstraction from the C5 position. Additionally, EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 maintain DQD and SDH activities, resulting in a 3-dehydroshikimate supply for gallate formation. In E. camaldulensis, EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 are co-expressed with UGT84A25a/b and UGT84A26a/b involved in hydrolyzable tannin biosynthesis. We further identified EcDQD/SDH1 as a “classical” bifunctional plant shikimate pathway enzyme and EcDQD/SDH4a/b as functional quinate dehydrogenases of the NAD+/NADH-dependent clade. Our data indicate that in E. camaldulensis the enzymes EcDQD/SDH2 and 3 provide the essential gallate for the biosynthesis of the aluminum-detoxifying metabolite oenothein B.
Solution concepts, well-posedness, and wave breaking for the Fornberg–Whitham equation
Authors: Hörmann Günther 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe discuss concepts and review results about the Cauchy problem for the Fornberg–Whitham equation, which has also been called Burgers–Poisson equation in the literature. Our focus is on a comparison of various strong and weak solution concepts as well as on blow-up of strong solutions in the form of wave breaking. Along the way we add aspects regarding semiboundedness at blow-up, from semigroups of nonlinear operators to the Cauchy problem, and about continuous traveling waves as weak solutions.
Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die zukünftige Grundwassernutzung – Betroffenheiten, Handlungsbedarfe und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Bender Steffen , Groth Markus , Viktor Elisabeth 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisse regionaler Klimaprojektionen für Deutschland weisen auf eine Zunahme der mittleren Lufttemperatur und eine innerjährliche Verschiebung der Niederschläge – mit feuchteren Wintern und trockeneren Sommern – hin. Darüber hinaus werden sich regional die Häufigkeit, Intensität und Dauer von Hitzewellen, Trockenperioden und Starkregenereignissen weiter erhöhen. Durch diese Veränderungen wird sich auch der Jahresgang der Grundwasserneubildung ändern. Als Folge dessen können sich Änderungen bei den hohen, mittleren und tiefen Grundwasserständen, Grundwasserschwankungsbreiten und dem Grundwasserdargebot ergeben. Aber nicht nur die Ressource Grundwasser wird durch die Folgen des Klimawandels betroffen. Auch die gesamte Infrastruktur – von der Förderung bis zur Verteilungsleitung zum Kunden – kann beeinträchtigt werden. Neben den direkten Einflüssen sind auch indirekte Beeinflussungen durch Kaskadeneffekte – beispielsweise ausgehend vom Energiesektor – möglich. Darum gilt es integrative, ganzheitliche und systemische Lösungen zu erarbeiten, um die Funktionalität der kritischen Infrastruktur dauerhaft auch unter Berücksichtigung der Folgen des Klimawandels gewährleisten zu können.
Barriers and facilitators to targeted anxiety prevention programmes in families at risk: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Lawrence P. J. , Harvey K. , Williams C. , Creswell C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric disorder in children and young people. They can be prevented in those at risk, but families do not always take up opportunities to participate in prevention programmes. This qualitative study aimed to understand what families with children who were at prospective risk of anxiety disorders perceived to be the barriers to access to targeted anxiety prevention programmes, and to explore what would help facilitate access. We used Information Power to determine our sample size, and individually interviewed seven young people (14–17 years) who had anxiety disorders and their mothers, each of whom had pre-natal anxiety disorders. We transcribed all interviews and thematically analyzed them to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to targeted anxiety prevention programmes. Perceived potential barriers to access included possible negative consequences of anxiety prevention, difficulties in identifying anxiety as a problem and concerns about how professions would respond to raising concerns about anxiety. Possible facilitators included promoting awareness of anxiety prevention programmes and involvement of schools in promotion and delivery of prevention. Our findings illustrate that implementation of targeted anxiety prevention could be improved through (i) the provision of tools for parents to recognize anxiety in their children as a problem, (ii) promotion of awareness, as well as delivery, of anxiety prevention via schools and (iii) the involvement of parents and possibly adolescents in the intervention programme, but not younger children.
Multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis of the phytochrome gene family in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens
Authors: Trogu Silvia , Ermert Anna Lena , Stahl Fabian , Nogué Fabien , Gans Tanja , Hughes Jon 
Published: December 2020

Key message
We mutated all seven Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens phytochrome genes using highly-efficient CRISPR-Cas9 procedures. We thereby identified phy5a as the phytochrome primarily responsible for inhibiting gravitropism, proving the utility of the mutant library.

Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful tool for genome editing. Here we report highly-efficient multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 editing of the seven-member phytochrome gene family in the model bryophyte Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. Based on the co-delivery of an improved Cas9 plasmid with multiple sgRNA plasmids and an efficient screening procedure to identify high-order multiple mutants prior to sequencing, we demonstrate successful targeting of all seven PHY genes in a single transfection. We investigated further aspects of the CRISPR methodology in Physcomitrella, including the significance of spacing between paired sgRNA targets and the efficacy of NHEJ and HDR in repairing the chromosome when excising a complete locus. As proof-of-principle, we show that the septuple phy− mutant remains gravitropic in light, in line with expectations, and on the basis of data from lower order multiplex knockouts conclude that phy5a is the principal phytochrome responsible for inhibiting gravitropism in light. We expect, therefore, that this mutant collection will be valuable for further studies of phytochrome function and that the methods we describe will allow similar approaches to revealing specific functions in other gene families.
The entrepreneurial financing of the immigrant entrepreneurs: a literature review
Authors: Malki Bryan , Uman Timur , Pittino Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in the phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship. Despite the growing number of studies, the financing aspect of immigrant entrepreneurship is still an emergent subject. In this paper, we critically and systematically review the field of the entrepreneurial financing of immigrant entrepreneurs. For this purpose, we conduct a two-step analysis of 37 systematically selected articles. In the first step, we provide an overall description of the field, while in the second step we perform a SWOT analysis on different aspects of the field, including the units of analysis, the main questions, and the use of theories and methods in the field. The review identifies gaps and weaknesses in the field, suggests potential opportunities for future research, and highlights some threats that could impede the implementation of future opportunities. Finally, the review suggests further questions to be explored for future advancement of knowledge in the field.