bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of environmental conditions on the use of forward‐looking infrared for bear den detection in the Alaska Arctic
Authors: Pedersen Nils J. , Brinkman Todd J. , Shideler Richard T. , Perham Craig J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIndustrial off‐road activity in winter overlaps denning habitat of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) in the North Slope oilfields of Alaska (United States). To prevent disturbance of dens, managers have used forward‐looking infrared (FLIR) cameras to detect dens, but the effectiveness of FLIR under different environmental conditions is unresolved. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of environmental variables on FLIR‐based techniques for arctic bear den detection. Using a FLIR‐equipped unmanned aircraft system (UAS), we conducted observations of artificial polar bear (APD) and grizzly bear (AGD) dens from horizontal and vertical perspectives between December 2016 and April 2017. We recorded physical characteristics of artificial dens and weather conditions present during each observation. We captured 291 images and classified each as detection or nondetection based on the number of pixels representative of a den “hot spot.” We used logistic regression to model the effects of four weather variables on the odds of detection (detection). We found that UAS‐FLIR detects APDs two times better than AGDs, and that for both species detections are four times more likely from the vertical than horizontal perspective. Lower air temperature and wind speed, and the absence of precipitation and sunlight increased detection for APDs. A 1°C increase in air temperature lowered detection by 12% for APDs and by 8% for AGDs. We recommend that UAS‐FLIR surveys be conducted early in the denning season, on cold, clear days, with calm winds, in the absence of sunlight (e.g., civil twilight). Our study further refines the application of FLIR techniques for arctic bear den detection and offers practical recommendations for optimizing detection. Putative den locations should be confirmed by a secondary method to minimize disturbance as anthropogenic activity continues in the Arctic.
Evaluating Potential Disease‐Mediated Protein‐Drug Interactions in Patients With Moderate‐to‐Severe Plaque Psoriasis Receiving Subcutaneous Guselkumab
Authors: Zhu Yaowei , Xu Yan , Zhuang Yanli , Piantone Alexa , Shu Cathye , Chen Dion , Zhou Honghui , Xu Zhenhua , Sharma Amarnath 
Published: May 2020

This open‐label, multicenter, phase I therapeutic protein‐drug interaction study was designed to evaluate the potential effect of guselkumab, a fully human anti‐interleukin‐23 immunoglobulin G1 lambda monoclonal antibody, on the pharmacokinetics of a cocktail of representative cytochrome P450 (CYP) probe substrates (midazolam (CYP3A4), S‐warfarin (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), and caffeine (CYP1A2)). Fourteen participants with psoriasis received a single subcutaneous dose of guselkumab 200 mg on day 8 and an oral probe cocktail on days 1, 15, and 36. Blood samples were collected for measuring plasma concentrations of these probe substrates on days 1, 15, and 36. No consistent trends in observed maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve from time 0 to infinity values of each probe CYP‐substrate before (day 1) and after guselkumab treatment (days 15 and 36) could be identified in each individual patient, suggesting that the use of guselkumab in patients with psoriasis is unlikely to influence the systemic exposure of drugs metabolized by CYP isozymes (CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP1A2). The probe cocktail was generally well‐tolerated when administered in combination with guselkumab in patients with psoriasis.Clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02397382.
Prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis and reclassification of cardiovascular risk in Spanish population by coronary computed tomography angiography: EVA study
Authors: García‐Ortiz Luis , Barreiro‐Perez Manuel , Merchan‐Gómez Soraya , Ignacio Recio‐Rodriguez José , Sánchez‐Aguadero Natalia , Alonso‐Dominguez Rosario , Lugones‐Sanchez Cristina , Rodríguez‐Sanchez Emiliano , Sanchez Pedro L. , Gómez‐Marcos Manuel A. ,   on behalf EVA investigators
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundA more complete assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) can be performed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). The aim was to assess the prevalence, distribution and characteristics of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the reclassification of cardiovascular risk by CCTA in an asymptomatic Spanish population.DesignWe included, in a cross‐sectional study, 501 random subjects from asymptomatic population, aged 35 and 75. Risk factors, target organ damage and cardiovascular risk were assessed. CCTA was offered to measure the coronary artery calcium score(CACS), segment involvement score(SIS) and segment stenosis score(SSS). The offer was accepted by 220 subjects (44%), with a mean age of 58 ± 14 years, 56% of them male.ResultsThe mean CACS was 119.6 ± 381.7 (median (IQR) (0 (0‐61.55))), with higher scores in males (191.9 ± 493.1) than females (26.1 ± 73.3; P < .01). CCTA revealed coronary atherosclerosis in 89 cases, 40% (CI95%:34%‐46%) in global, 51% in male and 25% in female, of which 13 had obstructive lesions (5.9%). Mean SIS was 1.5 ± 2.5 and SSS 1.2 ± 3.1. When the CACS was included in the CAD risk scale, there was a reclassification of 24%, and when using the SIS percentile, it was 38%, with a 9% increase in risk in both cases.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CAD in asymptomatic Spanish population was 40%, with greater proportion among males. The incorporation of CACS and SIS in the assessment of cardiovascular risk allows reclassifying subjects who are at low or moderate risk and thus identify those with high cardiovascular risk and also the other way.
The association between CYBA gene C242T variant and risk of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Pourgholi Leyla , Pourgholi Fatemeh , Ziaee Shayan , Goodarzynejad Hamidreza , Hosseindokht Maryam , Boroumand Mohammadali , Mandegary Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBoth inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The C242T polymorphism (rs4673) in the CYBA gene, as the main components of NAD (P) H oxidase, causes inter‐individual variability in the enzyme activity. We aimed to investigate the association between this polymorphism with MetS and its components.MethodsTwo hundred nine patients with MetS and 232 controls were included in this study. MetS was defined based on NCEP ATP‐III A criteria with some modifications. The C242T polymorphism within CYBA gene was determined by using PCR‐based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method.ResultsAfter applying a multiple logistic regression model with adjusting for potential confounders of MetS including, age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, used medications, and diabetes mellitus, C242T polymorphism was found to be associated with the presence of MetS in men but not in the total population or in women. T allele as compared to C allele was associated with decreased odds of MetS in men (adjusted OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.24‐0.74; P = .003), but not in women (adjusted OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.07‐1.61; P = .890), or in the total population (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.51‐1.02; P = .063).ConclusionThis study shows that T allele of C242T polymorphism in CYBA gene is protective against MetS in Iranian men but not in women. Further cohort studies with larger sample size in subgroups of men and women are required to confirm such association in other racial or ethnic group.
Prenatal stress‐related alterations in synaptic transmission and 5‐HT7 receptor‐mediated effects in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus are ameliorated by the 5‐HT7 receptor antagonist SB 269970
Authors: Sowa Joanna , Hess Grzegorz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEarly life adversity exerts a detrimental influence on developing brain neuronal networks and its consequences may include mental health disorders. In rats, prenatal stress may lead to anxiety and depressive‐like behavior in the offspring. Several lines of evidence implicated an involvement of prenatal stress in alterations of the brain serotonergic system functions, but the effects of prenatal stress on its core, the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), still remain incompletely understood. The present study was aimed at finding whether prenatal stress induces modifications in the glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs to DRN projection cells and whether it affects DRN 5‐HT7 receptors, which modulate activity of these synapses. Prenatal stress resulted in an increase in basal frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and in a decrease in basal frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) recorded from putative projection neurons in DRN slices ex vivo. While there were no changes in the excitability of DRN projection neurons, the 5‐HT7 receptor‐mediated reduction in the sEPSC frequency and rise in the sIPSC frequency, seen in control rats, were largely absent in slices obtained from prenatally stressed rats. Repeated administration of SB 269970, a 5‐HT7 receptor antagonist, resulted in a reversal of prenatal stress‐induced alterations in 5‐HT7 receptor‐mediated effects on the sEPSC/sIPSC frequency. Moreover, the treatment reversed prenatal stress‐induced alterations in basal excitatory transmission and partially reversed the effect of stress on basal inhibitory transmission in the DRN.
Contrasting migratory journeys and changes in hippocampal astrocyte morphology in shorebirds
Authors: Henrique Ediely Pereira , de Oliveira Marcus Augusto , Paulo Dario Carvalho , Pereira Patrick Douglas Corrêa , Dias Cleyssian , de Siqueira Lucas Silva , de Lima Camila Mendes , Miranda Diego de Almeida , do Rego Péricles Sena , Araripe Juliana , de Melo Mauro André Damasceno , Diniz Daniel Guerreiro , de Morais Magalhães Nara Gyzely , Sherry David Francis , Picanço Diniz Cristovam Wanderley , Diniz Cristovam Guerreiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSemipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) migration to the Southern Hemisphere includes a 5‐day non‐stop flight over the Atlantic Ocean, whereas semipalmated plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) migration, to the same area, is largely over land, with stopovers for feeding and rest. We compared the number and 3D morphology of hippocampal astrocytes of Ch. semipalmatus before and after autumnal migration with those of C. pusilla to test the hypothesis that the contrasting migratory flights of these species could differentially shape hippocampal astrocyte number and morphology. We captured individuals from both species in the Bay of Fundy (Canada) and in the coastal region of Bragança (Brazil) and processed their brains for selective GFAP immunolabeling of astrocytes. Hierarchical cluster analysis of astrocyte morphological features distinguished two families of morphological phenotypes, named type I and type II, which were differentially affected after migratory flights. Stereological counts of hippocampal astrocytes demonstrated that the number of astrocytes decreased significantly in C. pusilla, but did not change in Ch. semipalmatus. In addition, C. pusilla and Ch. semipalmatus hippocampal astrocyte morphological features were differentially affected after autumnal migration. We evaluated whether astrocyte morphometric variables were influenced by phylogenetic differences between C. pusilla and Ch. semipalmatus, using phylogenetically independent contrast approach, and phylogenetic trees generated by nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Our findings suggest that phylogenetic differences do not explain the results and that contrasting long‐distance migratory flights shape plasticity of type I and type II astrocytes in different ways, which may imply distinct physiological roles for these cells.
Variable resistance to spinetoram in populations of Thrips palmi across a small area unconnected to genetic similarity
Authors: Shi Pan , Guo Shao‐Kun , Gao Yong‐Fu , Cao Li‐Jun , Gong Ya‐Jun , Chen Jin‐Cui , Yue Lei , Li Hu , Hoffmann Ary Anthony , Wei Shu‐Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe melon thrips, Thrips palmi, is an increasingly important pest of vegetables in northern China. Some populations have developed resistance in the field to the insecticide spinetoram. Understanding the origin and dispersal of insecticide‐resistant populations can shed light on resistance management strategies. In this study, we tested susceptibility of seven greenhouse populations of T. palmi to spinetoram collected from a small area of about 300 km2 in Shandong Province and examined population genetic structure across the area based on a segment of mitochondrial cox1 gene and 22 microsatellite loci to infer the possible origin and dispersal of insecticide resistance. Levels of resistance to spinetoram differed among seven populations, which included one population with high resistance (LC50 = 759.34 mg/L), three populations with medium resistance (LC50 ranged from 28.69 to 34.79 mg/L), and three populations with low resistance (LC50 ranged from 7.61 to 8.97 mg/L). The populations were genetically differentiated into two groups unrelated to both levels of resistance and geographic distance. The molecular data indicated high levels of gene flow between populations with different levels of resistance to spinetoram and low gene flow among populations with the same level of resistance, pointing to a likely separate history of resistance evolution. Resistance levels of two tested populations to spinetoram decreased 23 and 4.6 times after five generations without any exposure to the pesticide. We therefore suspect that resistance of T. palmi most likely evolved in response to local applications of the insecticide. Our study suggests that the development of resistance could be avoided or resistance even reversed by reducing usage of spinetoram.
What and where? Predicting invasion hotspots in the Arctic marine realm
Authors: Goldsmit Jesica , McKindsey Christopher W. , Schlegel Robert W. , Stewart D. Bruce , Archambault Philippe , Howland Kimberly L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe risk of aquatic invasions in the Arctic is expected to increase with climate warming, greater shipping activity and resource exploitation in the region. Planktonic and benthic marine aquatic invasive species (AIS) with the greatest potential for invasion and impact in the Canadian Arctic were identified and the 23 riskiest species were modelled to predict their potential spatial distributions at pan‐Arctic and global scales. Modelling was conducted under present environmental conditions and two intermediate future (2050 and 2100) global warming scenarios. Invasion hotspots—regions of the Arctic where habitat is predicted to be suitable for a high number of potential AIS—were located in Hudson Bay, Northern Grand Banks/Labrador, Chukchi/Eastern Bering seas and Barents/White seas, suggesting that these regions could be more vulnerable to invasions. Globally, both benthic and planktonic organisms showed a future poleward shift in suitable habitat. At a pan‐Arctic scale, all organisms showed suitable habitat gains under future conditions. However, at the global scale, habitat loss was predicted in more tropical regions for some taxa, particularly most planktonic species. Results from the present study can help prioritize management efforts in the face of climate change in the Arctic marine ecosystem. Moreover, this particular approach provides information to identify present and future high‐risk areas for AIS in response to global warming.
Spatial proximity, localized assets, and the changing geography of domestic mergers and acquisitions in transitional China
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Wei Yehua Dennis , Chen Wen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMergers and acquisitions (M&As) are the main force of spatial restructuring in the location of economic decision making. This paper analyzes the changing geography of M&As and its influencing factors in China during the period of 2002–2016. It shows a significant “core‐periphery” spatial pattern or network structure, in which a core group of major metropolises and developed provinces, led by Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, dominates China's M&As market and inter‐regional networks, marginalizing the other regions. The descriptive and modelling results indicate that spatial proximity and corporate preferences for localized assets can shape this geography of China's domestic M&As. The findings confirm that the “home bias” does exist in China's M&As partnering. Meanwhile, the key drivers of China's domestic acquirers are their desire to access and internalize localized assets, especially in the emerging market, new technology, and policy advantages. This study enriches the existing knowledge about the determinants of inter‐regional M&As in emerging economies (e.g., China), where the influences of regional disparities in the institutional setting, industrial structure, as well as economic marketization and financialization are more significant.
Corrosion resistance and cleanability of glazed surface
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Li Xiaonv , Wang Yongqing , Wu Jianqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work aimed to study the effect of surface properties on the corrosion resistance and cleanability of glazed surface. The samples were zircon‐containing raw glaze, zirconium‐based frit glaze, double‐glazed transparent glaze, and raw glaze coated with TiO2 film. The corrosion resistance of the samples in acidic, alkaline, and household detergent solutions was investigated by the changes in contact angle and surface roughness. Besides, the cleanability of the samples before and after corrosion was also compared. It was found that the corrosion resistance of a glaze was affected by the presence of crystals and their distribution, while the corrosion resistance of TiO2 film was closely related to itself and the nature of the substrate. The cleaning test showed that although adding a layer of transparent glaze reduced the surface roughness, it did not improve the cleanability. The TiO2 film had excellent cleaning performance, especially after ultraviolet light irradiation, but it had weak alkali corrosion resistance. Therefore, a zirconium‐based frit glaze is the right choice for sanitary ware in terms of durability and easy cleaning.
Impact of Mg‐Zr substitution on the magnetic and microwave absorption properties of BaFe12‐2xMgxZrxO19 (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 1.5)
Authors: Beheshti Kobra Alsadat , Yousefi Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, magnesium‐zirconium–substituted M‐type barium hexaferrites BaFe12‐2xMg+xZrxO19 (BFMZO, 0.25 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by sol‐gel autocombustion technique. On one hand, the effects of Mg‐Zr substitution concentration on the magnetic features of doped magnetic nanoparticles were investigated which showed that increasing the doping concentration causes the saturation magnetization to decrease. On the other hand, the influence of the different layer thicknesses (2, 3, and 4 mm) of BFMZO on the microwave absorption was investigated in X‐band frequencies (8‐12 GHz). Absorption results showed that increasing the film thickness from 2 to 3 mm causes microwave absorption to increase. Moreover, the morphological study reveals that aggregation percentage decreased when the substitution concentration increased. Therefore, size, magnetic, and absorption properties are tunable by substitution concentration.
Cervicofacial actinomycosis: a report of 14 patients observed at the Dermatology Unit of the University of Milan, Italy
Authors: Bortoluzzi Paolo , Nazzaro Gianluca , Giacalone Serena , Veraldi Stefano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundActinomycoses are rare chronic infections often caused by Actinomyces spp. Cervicofacial actinomycosis (CFA) is caused by primary lesions in the oral cavity and subsequent fistulae, and suppurative and granulomatous lesions on the skin of the face.MethodsWe present the results of a retrospective study on 14 patients with CFA, observed in the period 1984–2019 at the Dermatology Unit of the University of Milan. Physical general and dermatologic examinations, instrumental tests, and histopathologic and bacteriologic examinations were carried out in all patients. In three patients, polymerase chain reaction was also carried out.ResultsSix patients showed poor oral hygiene; eight patients had been subjected to previous surgical operations in the oral cavity. Histopathologic examination was superimposable in all patients. In four patients, bacteriologic examinations were positive for A. israelii. In three patients, polymerase chain reaction was positive for A. israelii. X‐rays of the bones of the face showed osteolytic lesions in four patients. All patients were successfully treated with benzathine benzylpenicillin followed by amoxicillin or with amoxicillin in monotherapy. In all patients, surgical drainage and debridement of the oral cavity were carried out.ConclusionCFA is a rare infection caused by primary lesions in the oral cavity and subsequent fistulae, and nodular and ulcerative lesions on the skin of the face. Clinical diagnosis must be confirmed by histopathologic, bacteriologic, and instrumental examinations. Therapy with penicillins is usually very long and must be accompanied by surgical drainage and debridement of the oral cavity.
Considering the relationship between sleep and empathy and compassion in mental health nurses: It’s time
Authors: Gerace Adam , Rigney Gabrielle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSleep plays a critical role in overall health, well‐being, and daytime functioning. Provision of 24‐hour care means that nurses undertake shift work and therefore have been found to commonly not get the recommended amount of sleep, resulting in sleep deprivation. Research to date has focused on how sleep deprivation impacts their cognitive performance (e.g., reaction time, memory consolidation); however, less considered is how nurses’ sleep impacts on their ability to understand and provide emotional care to consumers. In this paper, we examine how sleep may influence nurses’ ability to empathize and provide compassionate care, both of which are fundamental aspects of their work. We begin by considering the unique challenges nurses face as shift workers and the impact of sleep on physical and psychological functioning. We examine how empathy and compassion drive nurses’ attempts to understand consumers’ perspectives and experiences and motivate them to want to help those in their care. Work directly investigating the relationship between sleep and these processes indicates emotional recognition and experience are hampered by poor sleep, with greater compassion towards oneself or from others associated with better sleep. Much of this work has, however, been conducted outside of the nursing or health professional space. We discuss issues that need to be addressed in order to move understanding forward regarding how sleep impacts on mental health nurses’ empathy and compassion, as well as how an understanding of the sleep–empathy/compassion link should be an important priority for nurse education and well‐being.
Thermodynamics of high‐temperature aluminum, zirconium, and yttrium hydroxide and oxyhydroxide vapor species
Authors: Bauschlicher Charles W. , Bodenschatz Cameron J. , Myers Dwight L. , Jacobson Nathan S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThermodynamic parameters are reported for gaseous hydroxides and oxyhydroxides of Al, Zr, and Y. The structures and vibrational frequencies are calculated using density functional theory with the B3LYP functional. This yields entropies at 298.15 K and heat capacities. The enthalpies are calculated from appropriate reactions and the CCSD(T) (Coupled Cluster, Singles, Doubles, and perturbative Triples) approach. The hydroxide groups are treated as hindered rotors for all species. The results are compared to the limited experimental and theoretical calculations for these species. Finally, the data are put into a database for a free‐energy minimizer and the vapor pressures for each species are compared.