bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of protection of rat hepatocytes from acetaminophen-induced cellular damage by ethanol extract of Aerva lanata
Authors: Anusha Chithambaram Sujatha , Sini Hariharan , Prakashkumar Bhaskara , Nevin Kottayath Govindan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of ethanol extract of Aerva lanata (EEAL) in preventing acetaminophen induced liver toxicity. EEAL was prepared and its hepatoprotective effect was studied in both isolated primary hepatocytes in vitro and in Sprague Dawley rats in vivo. For in vivo studies, the animals were grouped as Group I – Control; Group II – ACN (2 g/kg b.w.); Group III – EEAL (50 mg/kg b.w.) + ACN (2 g/kg b.w.), Group IV – EEAL (100 mg/kg b.w.) + ACN (2 g/kg b.w.). Extracellular activities of the enzymes liver aminotransferease (GOT, GPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in isolated hepatocytes and rat plasma were studied colorimetrically. Expression of GST, Nrf2, COX 1 & COX2 genes in rat liver were evaluated by RT-PCR. The results showed that ACN induced down-regulation of Nrf2 and upregulation of GST gene expression, which were modulated by EEAL treatment. GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH levels were found to be lowered in both hepatocyte culture media and plasma following EEAL treatment. In addition, the medium GOT and GPT levels were diminished following EEAL treatment only. Moreover, only ALP and LDH in serum appeared to be at normal level following EEAL treatment, whereas GOT and GPT showed levels lower than control. ACN treatment increased the expression of pro-inflammatory COX 1 and COX 2 genes and the levels of these genes were reduced by EEAL treatment. EEAL pre-treated rats exposed to ACN were found to retain normal hepatic structure compared to ACN alone treated rats. From these results it can be concluded that ethanol extract of A. lanata possesses both anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity.
Stratification of language users
Authors: Dolník Juraj 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study is about one of the ways in which community of language users appear to be structured: the users of standard language are hierarchicaly stratified with regard to the degree of rationality that determines the ways in which language is conceived of. The starting-point is that all language users are linguistic experts that are stratified in four groups with these labels: practical, educated, theoretical and metatheoretical linguistic experts. Practical linguistic expert is not a commonly used term but it is useful in answering questions that could be asked about the status of ordinary language users in the linguistic life of society. The author argues for the right of these users to power to influence the linguistic behaviour in the public communication. He is interested in the contrast between practical and rational linguistic order and in the reasons for why preference of practical linguistic order is in accordance with tendency to natural communication activity.
To the relations between morphemic and word-formation structure of a word in Slovak
Authors: Ološtiak Martin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper focuses on relations between word-formation and morphemic structure of a Slovak word based on the material from Slovník koreňových morfém slovenčiny [Slovak Dictionary of Root Morphemes] (Sokolová et al., 2012). Particularly, manifestations of morphemic variation determined by word-formation poly-motivation are analysed. Poly-motivation arises from the re-grouping of the relations within a word-formation nest, where the mediated motivation can be understood as an alternative direct motivation, e.g. aerodynamika [noun, ‘aerodynamics’] → (aerodynamický [adjective, ‘related to aerodynamics’]) → aerodynamicky [adverb]. The adverb aerodynamicky is derived from the adjective (aerodynamický → aerodynamick-y ‘in an aerodynamic manner’) as well as from the noun (aerodynamika → aerodynamic-ky ‘with regard to aerodynamics’). Thus, the structure of affixes can be extended as a result of infixation conditioned by poly-motivation, cf. aerodynamick-y (suffix -y) / aerodynamic-ky (suffix -y with an infix: -k:y). As far as poly-motivation is concerned, a particular affix can have several morphemic and word-formation manifestations, e.g. Slovak adverb suffix -y can be manifested as -y, -ky, -icky, -isticky, -sky, -euticky, -aticky, -eticky, -ecky, -nícky.
Slip at Vehicle Transmission System with Hydrokinetic Converter in the Urban Test Cycle
Authors: Bieniek Andrzej , Mamala Jarosław , Prażnowski Krzysztof , Graba Mariusz 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The study concentrated on slip phenomenon occurring at hydrokinetic converter in passenger car transmission system. Optimization of modern automatic transmission systems aims, on the one hand, to further increase the comfort of use, and on the other hand to improve the efficiency and reliability operation of individual components, in such a way as to ultimately result in lowering fuel consumption and also harmful emissions. One of the important factors affecting the mentioned transmissions properties as a whole system is the slip phenomenon occurring between the pump and the hydrokinetic converter turbine. The study presents the results of research on ZF 4HP20 and Fuji Hyper M6 gearboxes operating in vehicle transmission systems. The tests were carried out using the MAHA MSR 500 chassis dynamometer during driving at chosen test cycles. The research covered the transmission systems operating according to selected control algorithms affecting not only the gear shifting strategy but also the operation of the lock up clutch causing the transmissions slip values. As shown by the conducted research, the algorithm controlling the operation of the torque converter can have a significant influence on their operating indexes. The conducted analyses indicate the possibilities of improving the transmission operating indexes, especially in urban driving cycles.
Application of Similarity Method of Distance Courses Describing the Elements Content in Typical Cement Concrete After Thermal Cycles
Authors: Linek Małgorzata , Nita Piotr 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The work concerns the use of similarity analysis of distance course. Composition of concrete mixes was designed. The cement concrete composition includes cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, water and admixtures. The laboratory analyses included concretes curing in standard conditions and concretes subject to thermal cycles representing the destructive influence of imposed loading. Laboratory tests assumed the fifty thermal test cycles. A single test cycle included process of alternate heating and cooling. Recurrent influence of temperature stimulated the impact of aircraft on airfield pavements. The assumed heating and cooling time corresponded to the time during which the aircraft effected the most frequently used airfield pavement within the area of Poland. Comparative SEM observations of concretes subject to thermal cycles were conducted. An increase in the width of microcracs has been observed. In case of crystallization, there is diversification within the area of cement matrix, contact area between cement matrix and aggregate grains and in case of porosity characteristics of both concretes. Similarity indexes between input and target sequence were defined. Diagrams presenting the similarity of the analysed concretes were prepared (after 28 days of curing and after thermal cycles). It was proved that the suggested method could be used to define the similarity of concrete intended for airfield pavements.
Operating Parameters of a Slide Bearing with Parabolic-Shaped Slide Surfaces with Consideration of the Stochastic Changes in the Lubrication Gap Height
Authors: Miszczak Andrzej , Wierzcholski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, the authors present the equations of the hydrodynamic theory for a slide bearing with parabolic-shaped slide surfaces. The lubricating oil is characterized by non-Newtonian properties, i.e. an oil for which, apart from the classic oil viscosity dependence on pressure and temperature, also an effect of the shear rate is taken into account. The first order constitutive equation was adopted for considerations, where the apparent viscosity was described by the Cross equation. The analytical solution uses stochastic equations of the momentum conservation law, the stream continuity and the energy conservation law. The solution takes into account the expected values of the hydrodynamic pressure EX[p(ϕ,ζ)], of the temperature EX[T(ϕ,y,ζ)], of the velocity value of lubricating oil EX[vi(ϕ,y,ζ)], of the viscosity of lubricating oil EX[ηT(ϕ,y,ζ)] and of the lubrication gap height EX[εT(ϕ,ζ)]. It was assumed, that the oil is incompressible and the changes in its density and thermal conductivity were omitted. A flow of lubricating oil was laminar and non-isothermal. The research concerned the parabolic slide bearing of finite length, with a smooth sleeve surface, with a full wrap angle. The aim of this work is to derive the stochastic equations, that allow to determine the temperature distribution, hydrodynamic pressure distribution, velocity vector components, load carrying capacity, friction force and friction coefficient, in the parabolic sliding bearing, lubricated with non-Newton (Cross) oil, including the stochastic changes in the lubrication gap height. The paper presents the results of analytical and numerical calculation of flow and operating parameters in parabolic sliding bearings, taking into account the stochastic height of the lubrication gap. Numerical calculations were performed using the method of successive approximations and finite differences, with own calculation procedures and the Mathcad 15 software.
Investigation of Thermal Properties of Novel Phase Change Material Mixtures (Octadecane-Diamond) with Laser Flash Analysis
Authors: Sierakowski Mateusz , Godlewski Wojciech , Domański Roman , Kapuściński Jakub , Wiśniewski Tomasz , Kubiś Michał 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used in numerous engineering fields because of their good heat storage properties and high latent heat of fusion. However, a big group of them has low thermal conductivity and diffusivity, which poses a problem when it comes to effective and relatively fast heat transfer and accumulation. Therefore, their use is limited to systems that do not need to be heated or cooled rapidly. That is why they are used as thermal energy storage systems in both large scale in power plants and smaller scale in residential facilities. Although, if PCMs are meant to play an important role in electronics cooling, heat dissipation, or temperature stabilization in places where the access to cooling water is limited, such as electric automotive industry or hybrid aviation, a number of modifications and improvements needs to be introduced. Investigation whether additional materials of better thermal properties will affect the thermal properties of PCM is therefore of a big interest. An example of such material is diamond powder, which is a popular additive used in abradants. Its thermal diffusivity and conductivity is significantly higher than for a pure PCM. The article presents the results of an analysis of the effect of diamond powder on thermal conductivity and diffusivity of phase change materials in the case of octadecane.
Modelling of Transport System Operational Reliability a Markov Approach
Authors: Smolarek Leszek , Ziemska Monika 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The workability of a transport system is associated with performance and operational reliability. Operational reliability provides a measure of the probability that a transport system will realize transport process as intended. Performance reliability is an adequacy measure of transport process realization under specific environmental and traffic conditions. Transport system can be modelled as repairable, multistate, non-homogenous rectangular or dendrite system. This article provides the Markov and semi Markov models for estimation of the operational and performance reliability of city transport system. The system is semi homogenous it means that serial subsystems have the same reliability function. The reliability of any serial subsystem is exponential. The distribution of the repair time is any probability distribution. In case where the probability distribution of the repair time is exponential, the Markov process is used to construct simulation model. The simulation model was applied at Microsoft Excel. Many stochastic models in engineering, logistic and even finance or insurance are setup in a spreadsheet for simulation. The semi Markov model of the multistate reliability of repaired system is applied to the street system. The embedded Markov chain was used to count stationary probabilities. The possibility of application of the results is illustrated by an example for the systems with rectangular or dendrite shaped accordingly, consist of three types of elements.
Storage of Wind Power Energy
Authors: Tywoniuk Andrzej , Skorupka Zbigniew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
There has been a big increase in production and investments in wind turbines and wind farms in last 20 years. New generation of wind turbines is more reliable than from 1980’s are, which necessary condition is energy production is to play an important role among renewable energy sources. Over the last 30 years, the size of wind turbines increased 7 times, as nominal power increased nearly 14 times. At present, turbines capable of producing over 10 MW of power are being developed. The main reason for continued growth of turbines sizes is to minimize the energy cost per kilowatt-hour. However, it is worth remembering that according to the „square-cube law”, there is a maximum size after the surpassing of witch the cost of ever-larger turbines would grow faster than financial gain from the increased size. In this article, authors present energy storage methods and devices for wind power plants and cost-effectiveness of the individual energy storage methods. Authors also present data about energy storage efficiency and groups of energy storage devices for wind power plants such as: compressed-air power stations + gas turbine (CAES), utilizing underground wells, pumped storage power plants, rechargeable batteries (lithium-ion, lead-acid, sodium sulphur, VRB, zinc-flow, zinc-air, zinc-air), flywheels, hydrogen production and storage systems, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), electrostatic storage – electrolytic capacitors.
The local educational councils in the process of socializing school educatio
Authors: Kosiorek Małgorzata 
Published: June 2020

Summary
In Poland, since 1989 thanks to the processes of decentralization and socialization, educational policy is associated with activities carried out at the local level. This is the result of legislation and regulations defining the competences of central and local educational authorities. An example of socialization of education is the formation of educational councils, which are advisory and consultative organ. In the article, the author presents the essence and tasks of educational councils, as well as the activity of exemplary councils functioning at the level of a voivodship, county and commune. The analysis indicates that the process of socialization of Polish education, despite the possibilities guaranteed by law, in practice is rare.
Supervised probabilistic failure prediction of tuned mass damper-equipped high steel frames using machine learning methods
Authors: Farrokhi Farshid , Rahimi Sepideh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, firstly, the behavior of a high steel frame equipped with tuned mass damper (TMD) due to several seismic records is investigated considering the structural and seismic uncertainties. Then, machine learning methods including artificial neural networks (ANN), decision tree (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB) and support vector machines (SVM) are used to predict the behavior of the structure. Results showed that among the machine learning models, SVM with Gaussian kernel has better performance since it is capable of predicting the drift of stories and the failure probability with R
2 value equal to 0.99. Furthermore, results of feature selection algorithms revealed that when using TMD in high steel structures, seismic uncertainties have greater influences on drift of stories in comparison with structural uncertainties. Findings of this study can be used in design and probabilistic analysis of high steel frames equipped with TMDs.
On the Intriguing Search for Good Permutations
Authors: Pausinger Florian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The intriguing search for permutations that generate generalised van der Corput sequences with exceptionally small discrepancy forms an important part of the research work of Henri Faure. On the occasion of Henri’s 80th birthday we aim to survey (some of) his contributions over the last four decades which considerably improved our understanding of one-dimensional van der Corput sequences and inspired a lot of related work. We recall and compare the different approaches in the search for generalised van der Corput sequences with low discrepancy, i.e., using a single generating permutation versus using a sequence of permutations. Throughout, we collect, sharpen and extend open questions which all stem from the extensive work of Henri and his coworkers and which will hopefully inspire more work in the future.
Stable Configurations of Repelling Points on Flat Tori
Authors: Nechayeva Marina , Randol Burton 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Flat tori are analyzed in the context of an intrinsic Fourier-analytic approach to electrostatics on Riemannian manifolds, introduced by one of the authors in 1984 and previously developed for compact hyperbolic manifolds. The approach covers a large class of repelling laws, but does not naturally include laws with singularities at the origin, for which possible accommodations are discussed in the final section of the paper.
ANALISIS PEMBAGIAN HARTA BERSAMA DALAM KONDISI MATI KALALAH (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 197K/AG/2015)
Authors: Hariyati Tetty , Retnowulandari Wahyuni 
Published: June 2020

The division of community property is a very essential issue in domestic life. Regarding the positive law taking in force in Indonesia, the division of community property for Islam is regulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) where the Compilation of Islamic Law regulates the division of community property for both widowed (widowed and not remarried) and divorced (divorced and not remarried). The widowed is regulated in article 96 of the Compilation of Islamic Law and the divorced is regulated in article 97 of the Compilation of Islamic Law. If examined from these two articles, both equally regulates if the marriage relationship broke up, the community property is divided for husband and wife, each will get a 50:50 part. However, this is different based upon Decision Number 197K / AG / 2015 The division is greater for the wife of 60% and 40% for husband. In this case the problem raised here is how the regulation makes an arrangement for division of community property in dead condition without father and children (mati kalalah) under the law of inheritance in Indonesia and how the judge's consideration related to the division of community property in dead condition without father and children (case study: Decision number 197K / AG / 2015)? The author here used normative legal research method that is descriptive and primary and secondary data and also supported by interviews in this study.
KEABSAHAN PENGGUNAAN KUASA MUTLAK DALAM PERJANJIAN PENGIKATAN JUAL BELI (PPJB) TANAH YANG DIBUAT OLEH NOTARIS
Authors: Vania Clara , Djajaputra Gunawan 
Published: June 2020

Absolute power of attorney is a power of attorney containing an irrevocable element by the authorizing party. Since the Instructions of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 14 Year 1982 concerning the Prohibition of Absolute Power of Attorney as the Transfer of Land Rights took effect on 6 March 1982 and Government Regulation Number 24 Year 1997 concerning Land Registration took effect on 8 July 1997, the use of absolute power of attorney has been banned. But in the practice, the use of absolute power of attorney in the Binding Sale and Purchase Agreement of Land is still found. This is what often causes conflict because the use of absolute power of attorney is considered contrary to the laws and regulations in Indonesia. The formulation of the problem in this thesis is how the validity of the use of absolute power of attorney in the Binding Sale and Purchase Agreement of Land made by a public notary and how the legal consequences of the Binding Sale and Purchase Agreement of Land that use absolute power of attorney. The results of the study showed that regarding the use of absolute power of attorney in the Binding Sale and Purchase Agreement of Land is legal and does not violate the laws and regulations. In addition, the legal consequences arising from the use of this absolute power of attorney in the Binding Sale and Purchase Agreement of Land are still recognized and remain valid and binding for the parties who have made them.
ANALISIS KEKUATAN HUKUM PERJANJIAN LISAN ARISAN ONLINE YANG MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA APLIKASI FACEBOOK MESSENGER DALAM PEMBUKTIAN DI PENGADILAN DITINJAU DARI UNDANG- UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TEKNOLOGI ELEKTRONIK NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2008 (STUDI KASUS PUTUSAN NO. 106/PDT.G/2017/PN.PLK)
Authors: Puspita Lidya , Gunadi Ariawan 
Published: June 2020

Oral Agreement in verdict number 106 / pdt.g / 2017 / pn.plk explain concerning the matter between Ahinny as a plaintiff and Lucia as one of a defendant . These problems starts with mutual agreement do online social gathering that contained in facebook messenger, When the defendant won the online social gathering , the defendant as participant of that would no longer make the online social gathering contributions they were due to pay. The methodology of the research is normative method. The problem arises in this research is how the legal force of oral online social gathering that using media application facebook messenger in proof in court in terms of the law of information and technology electronic number 11 years 2008. The online arisan oral agreement in this case is an oral agreement with mutual trust between one another and will give rise to rights and obligations among the participants. This agreement will have legal force if the parties have agreed to hold an arisan with a value of money or certain goods and within a certain period of time, then actually an agreement has occurred among the participants of the social gathering. Facebook is intermediary and Facebook is not a responsible for disputes or defaults that occur between the online arisan parties. Based on technological advances and the rapid development of information techniques, the Government should immediately recognize that electronic evidence must be recognized and used as evidence in court.