bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economizing and strategizing: How coalitions and transaction costs shape value creation and appropriation
Authors: Asmussen Christian G. , Foss Kirsten , Foss Nicolai J. , Klein Peter G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch summaryResearch has examined how “economizing” and “strategizing” mechanisms interact in driving competitive outcomes, but the role of coalitions in this process has received little attention. Coalitions are formed to create more value (i.e., economizing) and to strengthen competitive positions (i.e., strategizing). Based on a formal coalitional model, we derive several unintuitive results. We show that economizing actions may backfire because creating more value may lead other players to strategize more aggressively, offsetting the additional value creation. Moreover, creating countervailing power—that is, building a coalition against players with significant power such as monopolists—not only allows the coalition to appropriate more value, but may also benefit the powerful trading partner by reducing competition among the coalition members. Coalition‐formation can hurt coalitions members by reducing economizing investments.Managerial summaryManagers typically seek competitive advantage either by improving efficiency (by having unique resources, lowering costs, or improving managerial practices) or by trying to obtain stronger bargaining positions against their buyers or suppliers. We show that these two approaches interact in surprising ways. For example, efficiency improvements create more opportunity for profit, but also give trading partners stronger incentives to bargain for a share of that profit. At the same time, small buyers or sellers can band together into clubs or cooperatives to get better deals from a powerful trading partner, thereby restraining competition among themselves. However, large firms can try to prevent such coalitions from forming by pursuing vertical integration of potential coalition members. We explore a variety of bargaining situations and show that the ability to encourage or thwart coalition formation is an important managerial tool.
R2D2: A scalable deep learning toolkit for medical imaging segmentation
Authors: Guedria Soulaimane , De Palma Noël , Renard Félix , Vuillerme Nicolas 
Published: August 2020

SummaryDeep learning has gained a significant popularity in recent years thanks to its tremendous success across a wide range of relevant fields of applications, including medical image analysis domain in particular. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based medical applications have been providing powerful solutions and revolutionizing medicine, efficiently training of CNNs models is a tedious and challenging task. It is a computationally intensive process taking long time and rare system resources, which represents a significant hindrance to scientific research progress. In order to address this challenge, we propose in this article, R2D2, a scalable intuitive deep learning toolkit for medical imaging semantic segmentation. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first that aims to tackle this issue by offering a novel distributed versions of two well‐known and widely used CNN segmentation architectures [ie, fully convolutional network (FCN) and U‐Net]. We introduce the design and the core building blocks of R2D2. We further present and analyze its experimental evaluation results on two different concrete medical imaging segmentation use cases. R2D2 achieves up to 17.5× and 10.4× speedup than single‐node based training of U‐Net and FCN, respectively, with a negligible, though still unexpected segmentation accuracy loss. R2D2 offers not only an empirical evidence and investigates in‐depth the latest published works but also it facilitates and significantly reduces the effort required by researchers to quickly prototype and easily discover cutting‐edge CNN configurations and architectures.
History of Crowdfunding in the Context of Ever-Changing Modern Financial Markets
Authors: Kallio Aki , Vuola Lasse 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe history of financial markets and finance are united by continuous fluctuations between economic cycles usually caused by structures that enable opportunism and moral hazards. Every crisis contains the seeds of change and innovation, but also risks for regulative overreactions. Crowdfunding as a form of financing is part of this series of innovations in the history of the financial markets. Understanding of the historical changes of both the financial market and the financial system as a whole helps to put new financial innovations, such as crowdfunding and, more broadly, fintech into perspective. The evolution of financial markets or corporate finance naturally will not end in crowdfunding. This chapter gives an overview of history of crowdfunding as part of the ever-changing modern financial markets and contextualizes it as a new, innovative, and modern form of financing in the financial markets.
Crowdfunding in the Cultural Industries
Authors: Rykkja Anders , Maehle Natalia , Munim Ziaul Haque , Shneor Rotem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCultural production has stood at the forefront of crowdfunding adoption representing some of the first crowdfunding campaigns on record. This development emerged as part of comprehensive value chain reconfigurations in the cultural sector, which were triggered by the advent of digitalization on the one hand and the downsizing in public funds on the other. As a result, the emerging phenomenon here labelled as ‘cultural crowdfunding’ (CCF) has captured the imagination of researchers and practitioners. The study of CCF is of high relevance, as it presses creators to strike a balance between the commercial and the non-commercial, the economic and the cultural outcomes, as well as the authentic and independent versus the mass dictated and dependent. In this chapter we review earlier research on CCF and identify core themes and key studies representing such themes. Later, we outline an agenda for future research, while also suggesting some implications for practice.
The Global Status of the Crowdfunding Industry
Authors: Ziegler Tania , Shneor Rotem , Zhang Bryan Zheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe chapter presents key international trends relating to crowdfunding market development, and also provides insights into the current research available attempting to explain such developments. Facts and figures from leading national and regional markets are presented in a comparative manner, with specific focus on the diversity of crowdfunding models, growth trajectories, and geographical variations. The chapter shows that crowdfunding is no longer a fringe activity but gradually moving mainstream with substantial volumes recorded nationally, regionally, and globally. Furthermore, we illustrate the dominance of crowd-lending models across regions, as well as their sub-model variations within regions. Overall, we demonstrate that the level of economic development, the appropriateness of regulation, as well as the advancement of IT infrastructure are all key determinants for the development of crowdfunding markets. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of some implications for research and practice.
Donation Crowdfunding: Principles and Donor Behaviour
Authors: Zhao Liang , Shneor Rotem 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDonation crowdfunding is a form of internet-enabled fundraising where backers provide funding based on philanthropic motivations without expectation of monetary or material rewards. Despite accounting for only a marginal share of global crowdfunding volumes, donation crowdfunding is a unique model for supporting a wide range of prosocial and charitable causes, while allowing fundraisers to leverage benefits afforded by ICT solutions for more effective and efficient fundraising. The chapter provides an overview of the limited research on donation crowdfunding while highlighting donor motivations and behaviour, as well as drivers of success in donation campaigns. We find that current research suggests that donation behaviour is driven by impure altruism closely linked to intrinsic motivations such as satisfaction, joy, and a sense of belonging. Furthermore, several success drivers of donation crowdfunding campaigns have been identified with respect to factors at the fundraiser, campaign, and platform levels.
Einleitung
Authors: Mersch André 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung2010, Köln, Treffen der ILIAS-Arbeitsgruppe E-Assessment: Viele richtungsweisende Ideen zur Weiterentwicklung der Test- und Assessment-Funktionalitäten des Lernmanagementsystems (LMS) ILIAS (Integriertes Lern-, Informations- und Arbeitsorganisationssystem) liegen auf dem Tisch. Seit seiner Entwicklung 1998 wurde ILIAS darauf ausgerichtet, nicht nur die Distribution von Materialien und die Organisation von Lernprozessen zu ermöglichen, sondern auch die Interaktion Lernender mit dem System und die Kollaboration mithilfe der Software zu unterstützen.
Formatives E-Assessment und Diagnostik
Authors: Derr Katja 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von Übungsaufgaben und Tests zur Strukturierung des Lernprozesses, zur Aktivierung von Lernenden oder zur Anregung von Reflexion wird unter dem Begriff Formatives Assessment zusammengefasst, in Abgrenzung zum summativen Assessment, das Eingang in eine Gesamtbewertung oder Note findet (siehe auch Kapitel 11). Formative Tests sind auch geeignet, einen Eindruck über den aktuellen Lernstand einer Gruppe oder eines Individuums zu vermitteln und somit dem summativen Assessment vorgeschaltet. Formatives Assessment umfasst also „alle Formen von Leistungsbeurteilung, die Informationen über die Diskrepanz zwischen Lernzielen und aktuellem Lernstand liefern und dadurch den Lehrenden und/oder den Lernenden selbst helfen, den weiteren Lernprozess zu gestalten“ (Klieme et al. 2010, S. 64 f). Der Abgleich der eigenen Kenntnisse mit dem erwarteten Wissensstand sollte möglichst häufig erfolgen, damit sich Missverständnisse und Fehlinterpretationen nicht verfestigen.
Inverted Precourses: Mathematikvorkurse an der Technischen Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe
Authors: Stemmer Janina 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe (TH OWL) bietet zum Start jedes Wintersemesters für zukünftige Studierende, die Wissenslücken in Englisch und naturwissenschaftlichen Fächern schließen möchten, betreute Präsenz- und Onlinekurse an. Diese Vorkurse bereiten gezielt auf die Anforderungen der Studiengänge vor. Sie helfen dabei, den eigenen Kenntnisstand zu ermitteln und bestehende Defizite auszugleichen.
Üben als reflexive Praxis und Übeangebote im Rahmen von optes
Authors: Reinmann Gabi , Schmidt Christian , Marquardt Victoria , Paul Daria 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungAn vielen Hochschulen werden mathematische Brückenkurse angeboten, um Studierenden den Übergang von der Schule zur Hochschule zu erleichtern. Sie sollen in diesen Angeboten in der Regel Defizite identifizieren und ausgleichen sowie mathematische Inhalte auffrischen und festigen. Während dieses Ziel flächendeckend zu gelten scheint, ist die didaktische Konzeption der Brückenkurse durchaus unterschiedlich.
Selbstreflexion mit Hilfe von E-Portfolios
Authors: Samoila Oliver 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungSelbstlernmaterialien, Übungsmöglichkeiten, formative Assessments und Unterstützung in diesen Lern- und Arbeitsphasen sind Bausteine, die sich für gewöhnlich in Online- aber auch Präsenzbrückenkursen oder -vorkursen finden – wenn auch der Fokus sich von Angebot zu Angebot unterscheiden mag. Studierfähigkeit zu Studienbeginn ist in Zeiten von und nach dem Bologna-Prozess das Credo von selbstbestimmtem, selbstorganisiertem und vor allem kompetenzorientiertem Lernen. Doch wie lässt sich dies in Zeiten von stetig wachsenden Blended- und Distance-Learning-Szenarien verzahnen?
Looking Back and Moving Forward
Authors: MacCallum Judith 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter brings together the research on teacher resilience and approaches to supporting resilience and wellbeing discussed in this volume. As many of the approaches utilised aspects of the BRiTE and Staying BRiTE projects, I highlight common themes as well as the different ways the authors developed and implemented their work to reflect their specific contexts and participants. I also reflect on broader issues related to conceptualisation of resilience, consider where responsibility for resilience lies, and explore future directions. The chapter also provides some insights regarding the collegial collaboration that has made the body of work possible.
Thinking Dispositions for Teaching: Enabling and Supporting Resilience in Context
Authors: McDonough Sharon , McGraw Amanda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPreparing pre-teachers for an increasingly challenging teaching profession is a complex work and requires teacher educators to engage in the careful design of both programmes and professional learning opportunities. This chapter explores how an explicit focus on thinking dispositions that enable effective teaching are developed in a Master of Teaching (Secondary) programme. This programme, delivered on-site at a secondary school, included carefully constructed teaching opportunities to support development of thinking dispositions. Ways of thinking and the impact they have on feelings, actions and beliefs will be examined along with how the implementation of our thinking dispositions framework supports the development of resilience in challenging teaching and learning contexts.
Building Resilience: Using BRiTE with Beginning Teachers in the United States
Authors: Sikma Lynn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe most recent data available on beginning teacher attrition in the United States estimates that 17.3% of teachers leave the profession within their first five years teaching. Most efforts to improve this focus on implementing mentoring and induction programs. However, improving beginning teachers’ resilience may be an additional strategy, as it develops individual protective factors independent of working conditions. This chapter describes a series of professional development workshops, rooted in the BRiTE modules, presented to two groups of beginning teachers in the southeastern United States during the 2017–2018 school year. All teacher participants were K-12 teachers in their first three years teaching, most teaching in a rural setting. Strategies that have been successfully implemented will be shared along with participant feedback that demonstrates value of the modules for supporting beginning teachers.
Professional Assessment and Development Induction Program: An Application of the BRiTE Project to the Spanish Context
Authors: Gratacós Gloria , Giménez Montse , Mena Juanjo , Ciesielkiewicz Monika 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch has highlighted the importance of the first years of teaching as they have a great impact on teachers’ career longevity. Therefore, inspired by the BRITE project, we developed the Professional Assessment and Development (PAD) Induction Program with the objective of helping novice teachers develop resilience strategies for successfully navigating the difficult situations they may face in their first years of teaching. The PAD Induction Program also offers training for mentors in schools to assist them to guide and support new teachers. The program consisted of online content and activities aimed at encouraging novice teachers to reflect on their current situation and possibilities for improvement. There were also face-to-face seminars, distributed throughout the program, as well as specific seminars where novice teachers and mentors worked together. A total of 112 participants participated in the PAD program. To assess novice teachers’ resilience and commitment to teaching, participants were invited to complete the Multidimensional Teacher Resilience Scale (MTRS) and the Teacher Commitment Scale. Results showed that the PAD program had helped them in their integration, confidence, and stress control through the development of teacher resilience dimensions.
Entlassmanagement in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie
Authors: Boege I. , Williams B. , Schulze U. , Fegert J. M. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Schnittstellen zwischen stationärer Behandlung psychisch erkrankter Kinder und Jugendlicher in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Jugendhilfe, Schulen, Arbeitsamt und Justiz sind nachweislich Sollbruchstellen für eine gelingende Schnittstellenkoordination im Sinne eines Entlassmanagements. Kriterien für ein Entlassmanagement in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie existieren nicht. Ziel der Studie ASpeKT (Aussagen zu Schnittstellenkoordination bei psychisch erkrankten Kindern und Teens) war es, den Iststand von Schnittstellenmanagement anhand von Aussagen von Eltern zu erheben und Empfehlungen für ein Entlassmanagement abzuleiten.

Methoden
Zu zwei Zeitpunkten (T3 = 6 Monate, T4 = 12 Monate nach Entlassung) wurden Eltern (T3: n = 124, T4: n = 81) zu den erfolgten Hilfen und deren Koordination befragt.

Ergebnisse
Eltern benennen, dass erreichbare poststationäre Hilfen für eine Stabilität nach stationärer Behandlung essenziell sind und einer guten Koordination bedürfen. Für eine gelingende Schnittstellenkoordination werden aus Sicht der Eltern benannt: vorhandene Case-Manager, frühzeitige Runde Tische, eine gute Übergabe an schulische Strukturen, nahtlose Anschlusstermine zur ambulanten Weiterbehandlung sowie Information zu Anlaufstellen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten.

Schlussfolgerung
Proaktive frühzeitige individuelle Koordination von Hilfen durch einen konstanten Ansprechpartner ist aus Sicht der betroffenen Familien für ein gutes Entlassmanagement essenziell.
Exploring the fabrication limits of thin-wall structures in a laser powder bed fusion process
Authors: Wu Ziheng , Narra Sneha Prabha , Rollett Anthony 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough additive manufacturing (AM) is becoming increasingly popular for various applications, few studies have addressed design and potential problems in thin wall fabrication for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. In the LPBF process, rapid cooling induces thermal shrinkage, which in turn, results in high residual stress and complicates thin wall fabrication. The minimum wall thickness is limited by the parameters and machine settings while the dimensional accuracy is controlled by the powder size, scan strategy, and part geometry. The ability to fabricate thin-wall components is important for applications such as heat exchangers (HX). This study explores the performance of the LPBF process by fabricating thin walls with extreme geometries in different processing conditions and alloys using an EOS M290 LPBF machine. Results show that the material, part design, and scanning strategy contribute to the variation in thin wall dimensions. A maximum inclination angle of 60° and a minimum wall thickness of ~ 100 μm in Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel 718, and AlSi10Mg were achieved using optimized part design and processing conditions. The effects of part design and material on the thermal distortion and surface finish of thin walls were also investigated leading to a discussion on how the scan mode assigned by the EOS software affects design and fabrication. Additionally, synchrotron-based X-ray micro-tomography (μSXCT) was utilized to quantify the porosity in thin-wall structures and to correlate it with the integrity of the structures. Comprehensive design guidelines presented in this work can increase the success rate of fabricating thin-wall geometries.
Vertical differentiation and trade among symmetric countries
Authors: Picard P. M. , Tampieri A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study a trade model with vertical product differentiation with many goods that are heterogeneous in cost and quality and produced in two quality versions. We discuss the composition of high- and low-quality goods in the workers’ consumption baskets in countries between comparable countries. We show that a larger country population fosters its specialization in high-quality production while a higher country productivity leads to specialization in high quality production for all countries. Smaller trade costs foster specialization in high quality exports. We then discuss the effect of population heterogeneity on the consumption baskets and country specialization. Most of those results agree with existing empirical findings.
The squeezing function on doubly-connected domains via the Loewner differential equation
Authors: Ng Tuen Wai , Tang Chiu Chak , Tsai Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor any bounded domains$$\varOmega $$Ωin$${\mathbb {C}}^{n}$$Cn, Deng, Guan and Zhang introduced the squeezing function$$S_\varOmega (z)$$SΩ(z)which is a biholomorphic invariant of bounded domains. We show that for$$n=1$$n=1, the squeezing function on an annulus$$A_r = \lbrace z \in {\mathbb {C}} : r<|z| <1 \rbrace $$Ar={z∈C:r<|z|<1}is given by$$S_{A_r}(z)= \max \left\{ |z| ,\frac{r}{|z|} \right\} $$SAr(z)=max|z|,r|z|for all$$0<r<1$$0<r<1. This disproves the conjectured formula for the squeezing function proposed by Deng, Guan and Zhang and establishes (up to biholomorphisms) the squeezing function for all doubly-connected domains in$${\mathbb {C}}$$Cother than the punctured plane. It provides the first non-trivial formula for the squeezing function for a wide class of plane domains and answers a question of Wold. Our main tools used to prove this result are the Schottky–Klein prime function (following the work of Crowdy) and a version of the Loewner differential equation on annuli due to Komatu. We also show that these results can be used to obtain lower bounds on the squeezing function for certain product domains in$${\mathbb {C}}^{n}$$Cn.