bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relatedness mediates persistence and density of soil seed banks
Authors: Gioria Margherita , Pyšek Petr , Baskin Carol C. , Carta Angelino 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Soil seed banks can strongly affect survival and expansion of plant populations by spreading mortality risks and distributing genetic diversity through time. Knowledge of the main factors regulating the ability of seeds to persist in the soil beyond the first germination season is however limited. While morphological and physiological seed traits, and the degree of environmental uncertainty are considered important in shaping the seed banking strategies of plants, global assessments that explicitly account for phylogenetic relatedness are lacking.

Using a global seed bank database comprising data for 2,350 angiosperms, we examined the extent to which two seed bank properties, i.e. seed bank type (transient vs. persistent) and density of viable seed banks, are determined by phylogenetic relatedness. We then tested phylogenetic correlations between these properties with seed mass and seed dormancy (dormant vs. non‐dormant), and the contribution of phylogenetic relatedness relative to that of climatic and habitat‐related variables in shaping seed bank properties.

We found significant phylogenetic signal in seed bank type and density, providing evidence that the ability to form persistent seed banks is not randomly distributed across the phylogeny. While the ability to persist in the soil was phylogenetically correlated to the production of dormant and smaller seeds, seed mass and seed dormancy per se were poor predictors of seed persistence. Interestingly, habitat‐related variables (mainly disturbance and canopy openness) but not climate significantly affect the ability of seed plants to form persistent seed banks.

Synthesis. Our study is the first to show that phylogenetic relatedness plays an important role in explaining seed bank properties in angiosperms and how these properties relate to early life‐history traits, climate and habitat‐related variables. These findings represent a starting point to assess the generality of persistent seed banks as a bet‐hedging strategy in unpredictable environments and provide important insights into how seed plants might respond to global environmental changes.
Effect of reaction temperature on the protein structure and the ability to encapsulate β‐carotene of WPI‐dextran conjugates
Authors: Xi Chunyu , Kang Naixin , Zhao Changhui , Song Hongxin , Liu Yujia , Zhang Tiehua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we studied the effect of glycosylation reaction on the molecular structure and functional properties of whey protein isolate (WPI), and studied the effect of reaction temperature (50 to 90 °C) on the molecular structure and functional properties of WPI–dextran conjugates (WPI‐D). The results of the extent of glycation (EG) and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed the formation of WPI‐D. Circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the molecular structure of WPI was changed after glycosylation—the β‐sheet content was decreased and the tryptophan content was increased. The emulsifying properties and the ability to encapsulate β‐carotene of WPI‐D were improved compared with WPI (P < 0.05). When the reaction temperature was 70 and 80 °C, the EG and the ability to encapsulate β‐carotene of WPI‐D were better (P < 0.05), which was related to protein unfolding. However, due to the polymerization between the WPI molecules, the emulsion activity index of WPI‐D and the ability to encapsulate β‐carotene were lowered at 90 °C (P < 0.05). Therefore, the glycosylation reaction can change the molecular structure and functional properties of WPI; the emulsifying properties and the ability to encapsulate β‐carotene of WPI‐D can be changed by controlling the reaction temperature of glycosylation.Practical ApplicationThe glycosylation reaction can change the molecular structure and functional properties of Whey protein isolate; the emulsifying properties and the ability to encapsulate β‐carotene of WPI‐dextran conjugates can be changed by controlling the reaction temperature of glycosylation.
Fermentability and nutritional characteristics of sorghum Mahewu supplemented with Bambara groundnut
Authors: Qaku Xolisile W. , Adetunji Adeoluwa , Dlamini Bhekisisa C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProcessing functionality in terms of fermentability and nutritional characteristics of Mahewu (a sorghum‐based nonalcoholic beverage product) supplemented with different proportions of Bambara groundnut (BGN) (80:20 and 70:30, respectively) was investigated to develop a sorghum‐based beverage product with improved nutritional quality. Sorghum‐BGN Mahewu blends showed a rapid reduction in pH and significantly (P < 0.05) lower final pH (4.3) after 24 hr compared to the control (pH 5.1) (100% Sorghum Mahewu). With total titratable acidity (TTA), sorghum–BGN Mahewu blends had significantly higher final TTA (0.7%) than control (0.4%). Sorghum–BGN Mahewu blends had higher protein and crude fiber contents (up to 7.7% and 7.9%, respectively) than control (6.1% and 5.7%, respectively). In general, sorghum Mahewu supplemented with BGN did not show substantial increase in mineral and individual amino acid contents after fermentation compared to the control, possibly due to increase in tannin content with BGN supplementation. Fermentation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced phytate content by more than 90% in sorghum Mahewu supplemented with BGN when compared to the control (28% reduction). Importantly, BGN supplementation improved the level of some essential amino acids such as threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, and lysine. Therefore, supplementation with BGN can potentially improve the nutritional quality of sorghum Mahewu but modification in processing procedure is required to effectively improve the nutritional quality of sorghum–BGN blends.Practical ApplicationThis research work has direct application in addressing problem of malnutrition, as well as improving utilization of indigenous food crops in commercial food processing. This is one of the practical approach to address food insecurity that is prevalent in most African countries.
Stabilization of peanut butter by rice bran wax
Authors: Huang Zhaohua , Guo Baozhong , Deng Chong , Luo Shunjing , Liu Chengmei , Hu Xiuting 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo improve stability of peanut butter, rice bran wax (RBX) was added into peanut butter as a stabilizer by formation of organogel. Effects of addition of RBX, heating temperature, and cooling temperature on stabilization effect of peanut butter by RBX were investigated. The optimum conditions were as follow: addition of RBX at 4.0 wt%; heating temperature at 85 °C, and cooling temperature at 20 °C. Under the optimum conditions, the oil loss of peanut butter decreased from 12.19% to 4.04%, and the adhesiveness of peanut butter increased from 23.5 to 165.9 g·s. After storage for 25 weeks, the acid value (AV) of peanut butter prepared under the optimum conditions increased from 0.65 to 0.80 mg/g, and the peroxide value (PV) increased from 0.116 to 0.127 meq/kg. However, the AV of natural peanut butter increased to 1.73 mg/g, and PV increased to 0.178 meq/kg. The confocal laser scanning microscope images showed that the cooling temperature significantly affected crystallization of RBX and distribution of solid particles. When RBX formed needle‐like crystals and peanut solid particles were evenly distributed in the oil phase, stable peanut butter was obtained. These results suggested that the RBX was an effective stabilizer for peanut butter.Practical ApplicationOil separation often occurred to peanut butter during storage, which reduced the sensory quality of peanut butter and shortened its shelf life. This study stabilized peanut butter by addition of RBX based on the formation of organogel, which was of great practical significance to improve the shelf life of peanut butter.
Limonoid compounds from Xylocarpus granatum and their anticancer activity against esophageal cancer cells
Authors: Jing Li , Feng Li , Zhou Zhiguo , Shi Shuai , Deng Ruoying , Wang Zhicong , Liu Yibing 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundTo investigate the anticancer effects of limonoid compounds that were isolated and purified from Xylocarpus granatum fruits on human esophageal cancer (EC) cells. A structure‐activity relationship experiment was designed to identify the functional moiety of limonoid compounds identified as being critical for its anticancer activity.MethodsEca109 cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium and treated with limonoid compounds. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay in vitro. Eca109 cells apoptosis was analyzed by by flow cytometry after being treated with xylogranatin C. The expression of p53, Bax, bcl‐2, caspase‐3 and GRP78 in Eca109 cells after xylogranatin C treatment was examined by western blot assay.ResultsFour linonoid compounds strongly inhibited the cellular proliferation of Eca109 cells. Xylogranatin C was the strongest inhibitor, whose inhibitory effect was comparable to that of the well‐known chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin. Furthermore, xylogranatin C might induce Eca109 cell apoptosis through joint effects on multiple pathways, including the death receptor and endoplasmic reticulum pathways. Additionally, xylogranatin C suppressed tumor cell proliferation by upregulating miR‐203a expression in Eca109 cells.ConclusionsXylogranatin C induced Eca109 cellular apoptosis and exerted antitumor activity. Xylogranatin C suppressed tumor cell proliferation by upregulating miR‐203a expression in Eca109 cells.
CFO Effort and Public Firms' Financial Information Environment*
Authors: Biggerstaff Lee E. , Cicero David C. , Goldie Brad , Reid Lauren C. , Ge Weili , Moon Keehea 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWe test the association between CFO effort and the quality of public firms' financial information environments. We evaluate this relation using a measure of CFO leisure consumption—specifically, the amount of golf played—as an inverse proxy for effort. We find a negative relation between CFOs' compensation incentives and golf play, suggesting they exert more effort when they have greater incentives to increase firm value. High CFO leisure consumption is associated with lower earnings quality, less accurate earnings guidance, and reduced CFO conference call participation. Additionally, CFO leisure appears to affect external monitors, as it is associated with greater analyst forecast dispersion and increased audit fees. We do not find similar relations when evaluating the amount of golf played by CEOs, suggesting the unique importance of CFO effort in the financial reporting process.
Collaborating with Competitors: How Do Small Firm Accounting Associations and Networks Successfully Manage Coopetitive Tensions?*
Authors: Bills Kenneth L. , Hayne Christie , Stein Sarah E. , Hatfield Richard C. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe “coopetition” paradox exists when two or more organizations are simultaneously involved in cooperative and competitive interactions. In the accounting industry, small firms encounter coopetition when they align themselves with other independent firms to form accounting associations and networks (AANs). AANs are a type of interorganizational relationship (IOR) that provide opportunities for member firms to collaborate by sharing important resources such as expertise, best practices, and manpower. However, member firms also compete in the marketplace for clients and human capital, which incentivizes uncooperative and opportunistic behavior. If managed inadequately, coopetitive tensions can significantly hamper AAN benefits and may lead to IOR failure. Given the considerable longevity of AANs, we interview 42 high‐level accounting professionals to understand AANs' apparent successful management of these tensions. Leveraging coopetition and IOR theory, our analysis suggests that transactional mechanisms (contractual agreements, organizational structure, selection/monitoring processes) and relational mechanisms (trust, social ties, reciprocity) play key roles in encouraging healthy cooperation and competition among member firms. One of our main conclusions is that these mechanisms contribute to AAN success because they are leveraged comprehensively across each IOR life cycle phase, and they are mutually reinforcing, with transactional mechanisms providing the foundation to inspire confidence and encourage the development of relational mechanisms. Our research enriches existing accounting and coopetition literature, provides a new perspective for AANs, and responds to calls to understand key factors of IOR success.
Loss of glutathione peroxidase 3 induces ROS and contributes to prostatic hyperplasia in Nkx3.1 knockout mice
Authors: Kim Ukjin , Kim C‐Yoon , Lee Ji Min , Ryu Bokyeong , Kim Jin , Bang Junpil , Ahn Na , Park Jae‐Hak 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlutathione peroxidase 3 (Gpx3) protects cells from oxidative stress, and its reduced expression in human prostate cancer has been reported.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that Gpx3 might play an important role in the development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a pre‐cancerous state of the prostate, and aimed to highlight the underlying molecular mechanism.Materials and MethodsThe following double‐knockout mice Nkx3.1−/−; Gpx3+/+, Nkx3.1−/−; Gpx3+/−, Nkx3.1−/−; Gpx3−/− were produced. Randomly divided animals were weighed, and their genitourinary tract (GUT) weights were determined after euthanasia at 4, 8, and 12 months. The mRNA expression of the genes involved in oxidative stress and Wnt signaling was analyzed in the prostate. Histopathology, ROS, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also measured.ResultsLoss of Gpx3 did not affect body weight and GUT weight in Nkx3.1 knockout mice. The mRNA expression of SOD3, iNOS, Hmox, and CISD2, which are associated with oxidative stress, was increased in Nkx3.1−/−; Gpx3−/− mice at 4 months but decreased at 8 and 12 months. There was no change in β‐catenin and its targets associated with Wnt signaling. Increased ROS and decreased SOD activity were observed in Nkx3.1−/−; Gpx3−/− mice at 12 months of age. The histopathologic score and epithelium thickness were increased, and lumen area was decreased in Gpx3 knockout mice.Discussion and ConclusionsGpx3 loss increased the hyperplasia of PIN in the pre‐cancerous stage of the prostate. Loss of Gpx3 induced oxidative stress. Histopathologically, no invasive carcinoma was identified, and Gpx3 loss did not increase Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Further research on the role of GPX3 in the transition of PIN to invasive carcinoma is needed. We show, for the first time, that the antioxidant enzyme GPX3 plays a vital role in inhibiting hyperplasia in the PIN stage of the prostate gland in vivo.
“A plantation can be a commons”: Re‐Earthing Sapelo Island through Abolition Ecology
Authors: Heynen Nik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper is based on the 2018 Neil Smith Lecture presented at the University of St Andrews. It considers the plantation past/futures of Sapelo Island, Georgia, one of the Sea Islands forming an archipelago along the US Southeastern coast. I work through the abolitionist efforts of the Saltwater Geechee’s who have resided there since at least 1803 to better understand how we can mobilise an emancipatory politics of land and property and to produce commons that work to repair and heal the violence done through enslavement and ongoing displacement. I weave together a series of historical threads to better situate linked ideas of abolition democracy and abolition geography, and to extend the notion of abolition ecology as a strategic notion to connect Eurocentric based political ecologies with the emancipatory tradition of Black geographies.
Uptrend in distress and psychiatric symptomatology in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Berthelot Nicolas , Lemieux Roxanne , Garon‐Bissonnette Julia , Drouin‐Maziade Christine , Martel Élodie , Maziade Michel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionPrenatal maternal distress has a negative impact on the course of pregnancy, fetal development, offspring development, and later psychopathologies. The study aimed to determine the extent to which the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic may aggravate the prenatal distress and psychiatric symptomatology of pregnant women.Material and methodsTwo cohorts of pregnant volunteer women were evaluated, one that was recruited before the COVID‐19 pandemic (n = 496) through advertisements in prenatal clinics in Quebec, Canada, from April 2018 to March 2020; the other (n = 1258) was recruited online during the pandemic from 2 April to 13 April 2020. Prenatal distress and psychiatric symptomatology were measured with the Kessler Distress Scale (K10), Post‐traumatic Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES‐II), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).ResultsThe 1754 pregnant women (Mage = 29.27, SD = 4.23) were between 4 and 41 gestational weeks (M = 24.80, SD = 9.42), were generally educated (91.3% had post‐high‐school training), and financially well‐resourced (85.3% were above the low‐income cut‐off). A multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for age, gestational age, household income, education, and lifetime psychiatric disorders showed a large effect size (ES) in the difference between the two cohorts on psychiatric symptoms (Wilks’ λ = 0.68, F6,1400 = 108.50, P < .001, partial η2 = 0.32). According to post‐hoc analyses of covariance, the COVID‐19 women reported higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms (ES = 0.57), dissociative symptoms (ES = 0.22 and ES = 0.25), symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (ES = 0.19), and negative affectivity (ES = 0.96), and less positive affectivity (ES = 0.95) than the pre‐COVID‐19 cohort. Women from the COVID‐19 cohort were more likely than pre‐COVID‐19 women to present clinically significant levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.94, χ2[1] = 10.05, P = .002). Multiple regression analyses indicated that pregnant women in the COVID‐19 cohort having a previous psychiatric diagnosis or low income would be more prone to elevated distress and psychiatric symptoms.ConclusionsPregnant women assessed during the COVID‐19 pandemic reported more distress and psychiatric symptoms than pregnant women assessed before the pandemic, mainly in the form of depression and anxiety symptoms. Given the harmful consequences of prenatal distress on mothers and offspring, the presently observed upsurge of symptoms in pregnant women calls for special means of clinical surveillance.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of ravulizumab and eculizumab on complement component 5 in adults with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria: results of two phase 3 randomised, multicentre studies
Authors: Peffault de Latour Régis , Brodsky Robert A. , Ortiz Stephan , Risitano Antonio M. , Jang Jun H. , Hillmen Peter , Kulagin Alexander D. , Kulasekararaj Austin G. , Rottinghaus Scott T. , Aguzzi Rasha , Gao Xiang , Wells Richard A. , Szer Jeff 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRavulizumab, a novel long‐acting complement component 5 (C5) inhibitor administered every 8 weeks (q8w), was non‐inferior to eculizumab for all efficacy outcomes in two randomised, open‐label, phase 3 trials in C5 inhibitor‐naïve (Study 301) and eculizumab‐experienced (Study 302) adult patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). This pre‐specified analysis characterised ravulizumab pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD; free C5 levels), and PD differences between medications (Study 301, n = 246; Study 302, n = 195). Ravulizumab PK parameters were determined using non‐compartmental analysis. Serum free C5 was quantified with a Gyros‐based fluorescence assay (ravulizumab) and an electrochemiluminescence ligand‐binding assay (eculizumab). Ravulizumab PK parameters were numerically comparable in both studies; the median time to maximum concentrations ranged from 2·3 to 2·8 and 2·3 to 2·6 h in studies 301 and 302, respectively. Ravulizumab steady‐state serum concentrations were achieved immediately after the first dose and sustained throughout treatment. For ravulizumab, the mean (SD) post hoc terminal elimination half‐life was 49·7 (8·9) days. Serum free C5 concentrations <0·5 µg/ml were achieved after the first ravulizumab dose and sustained throughout treatment in both studies. In a minority of patients, free C5 concentrations <0·5 µg/ml were not consistently achieved with eculizumab in either study. Ravulizumab q8w was more consistent in providing immediate, complete, sustained C5 inhibition than eculizumab every‐2‐weeks in patients with PNH.
Influence of minibasin obstruction on canopy dynamics in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Fernandez Naiara , Duffy Oliver B. , Peel Frank J. , Hudec Michael R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn salt‐detached gravity‐gliding/spreading systems the detachment geometry is a key control on the downslope mobility of the supra‐salt sequence. Here, we used regional 3D seismic data to examine a salt‐stock canopy in the northern Gulf of Mexico slope, in an area where supra‐canopy minibasins subsided vertically and translated downslope above a complex base‐of‐salt. If thick enough, minibasins can interact with, and weld to, the base‐of‐salt and be obstructed from translating downslope. Based on the regional maps of the base of allochthonous salt and the base of the supra‐canopy sequence, the key controls on minibasin obstruction, we distinguished two structural domains in the study area: a highly obstructed domain and a highly mobile domain. Large‐scale translation of the supra‐canopy sequence is recorded in the mobile domain by a far‐travelled minibasin and a ramp syncline basin. These two structures suggest downslope translation on the order of 40 km from Plio‐Pleistocene to Present. In contrast, translation was impeded in the obstructed domain due to supra‐canopy bucket minibasins subsiding into feeders during the Pleistocene. As a result, we infer that differential translation occurred between the two domains and argue that a deformation area between two differentially translating supra‐canopy minibasin domains is difficult to recognize. However, characterizing domains according to base‐of‐salt geometry and supra‐canopy minibasin configuration can be helpful in identifying domains that may share similar subsidence and downslope translation histories.