bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRM: the core ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex—a tumour suppressor or tumour-promoting factor?
Authors: Jancewicz Iga , Siedlecki Janusz A. , Sarnowski Tomasz J. , Sarnowska Elzbieta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBRM (BRAHMA) is a core, SWI2/SNF2-type ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex (CRC) involved in various important regulatory processes including development. Mutations inSMARCA2, a BRM-encoding gene as well as overexpression or epigenetic silencing were found in various human diseases including cancer. Missense mutations inSMARCA2gene were recently connected with occurrence of Nicolaides–Baraitser genetics syndrome. By contrast,SMARCA2duplication rather than mutations is characteristic for Coffin–Siris syndrome. It is believed that BRM usually acts as a tumour suppressor or a tumour susceptibility gene. However, other studies provided evidence that BRM function may differ depending on the cancer type and the disease stage, where BRM may play a role in the disease progression. The existence of alternative splicing forms ofSMARCA2gene, leading to appearance of truncated functional, loss of function or gain-of-function forms of BRM protein suggest a far more complicated mode of BRM-containing SWI/SNF CRCs actions. Therefore, the summary of recent knowledge regarding BRM alteration in various types of cancer and highlighting of differences and commonalities between BRM and BRG1, another SWI2/SNF2 type ATPase, will lead to better understanding of SWI/SNF CRCs function in cancer development/progression. BRM has been recently proposed as an attractive target for various anticancer therapies including the use of small molecule inhibitors, synthetic lethality induction or proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC). However, such attempts have some limitations and may lead to severe side effects given the homology of BRM ATPase domain to other ATPases, as well as due to the tissue-specific appearance of BRM- and BRG1-containing SWI/SNF CRC classes. Thus, a better insight into BRM-containing SWI/SNF CRCs function in human tissues and cancers is clearly required to provide a solid basis for establishment of new safe anticancer therapies.
Retinal thinning of inner sub-layers is associated with cortical atrophy in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease: a longitudinal multimodal in vivo study
Authors: Chiquita Samuel , Campos Elisa J. , Castelhano João , Ribeiro Mário , Sereno José , Moreira Paula I. , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Ambrósio António Francisco 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt has been claimed that the retina can be used as a window to study brain disorders. However, concerning Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it still remains controversial whether changes occurring in the brain and retina are associated. We aim to understand when changes start appearing in the retina and brain, how changes progress, and if they are correlated.MethodsWe carried out a unique longitudinal study, at 4, 8, 12, and 16 months of age, in a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD), which mimics pathological and neurobehavioral features of AD, as we have already shown. Retinal structure and physiology were evaluated in vivo using optical coherence tomography and electroretinography. Brain visual cortex structure was evaluated in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe retinal thickness of 3×Tg-AD decreased, at all time points, except for the outer nuclear layer, where the opposite alteration was observed. Amplitudes in scotopic and photopic responses were increased throughout the study. Similarly, higher amplitude and lower phase values were observed in the photopic flicker response. No differences were found in the activity of retinal ganglion cells. Visual cortex gray matter volume was significantly reduced.ConclusionsOur results show that this animal model shows similar neural changes in the retina and brain visual cortex, i.e., retinal and brain thinning. Moreover, since similar changes occur in the retina and brain visual cortex, these observations support the possibility of using the eye as an additional tool (noninvasive) for early AD diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.
Pyloric stenosis as a manifestation of isolated gastric Crohn’s disease responding to intralesional steroid injection and balloon dilation: a case report
Authors: Balendran K. , Udumalagala S. , Nawaraththne N. M. M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect the gut from mouth to anus. Gastroduodenal involvement is seen in less than 5% of all patients with Crohn’s disease. Among those cases, isolated gastric Crohn’s disease is even rarer. Although most patients with isolated gastric involvement have nonspecific complaints, very few of them do develop features of pyloric obstruction. There is a paucity of data on specific management of gastric Crohn’s disease owing to its rarity and its frequent coexistence with colonic or ileal disease. We report a case of a patient who had pyloric stenosis as a manifestation of isolated gastric Crohn’s disease responding to intralesional steroid injection and balloon dilation.

Case presentation
A previously healthy woman presented with recurrent postprandial vomiting, epigastric discomfort, and unintentional weight loss over 6 months. She had no diarrhea or extraintestinal manifestations. Clinically, she was pale and dehydrated. Examination of systems was unremarkable except for mild epigastric tenderness. Her initial laboratory findings were normocytic normochromic anemia, high inflammatory markers, and hypokalemia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed an inflamed pyloric mucosa with features of pyloric obstruction. Furthermore, magnetic resonance enterography confirmed the pyloric stenosis. Histopathological examination of a biopsy from the pylorus revealed noncaseating granuloma with superficial ulceration. Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis were excluded by appropriate investigations, and a diagnosis of gastric Crohn’s disease was made. Following the initial resuscitation, intralesional steroid injection and controlled radial expansion balloon dilation of the pylorus were carried out. The patient was commenced on azathioprine as a maintenance treatment, which led to a successful dilation and remarkable symptom improvement.

Conclusion
Symptoms of pyloric obstruction as a manifestation of isolated gastric Crohn’s disease are extremely unusual in clinical practice, awareness of which would facilitate early appropriate investigations and treatment.
Mapping evidence on the burden and distribution of childhood obesity in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Danquah Frederick I. , Yeboah Matilda , Bawontuo Vitalis , Kuupiel Desmond 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Obesity in childhood is associated with adverse health outcomes and complications throughout the life-span of a child. Available evidence suggests a dramatic increase in childhood obesity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the past two decades. The health risks associated with obesity/overweight are particularly problematic in children due to the potential for long-term health concerns. The researchers propose to conduct a systematic scoping review to map evidence on the burden and distribution of childhood obesity in SSA.

Methods
The study will be guided by the scoping review framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A comprehensive literature search will be performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and CINAHL with full text via EBSCOhost platform. Primary studies both published in peer-reviewed journals and gray literature such as unpublished studies, thesis, and studies in press addressing the research topic will be included. One reviewer will conduct title screening, and the results will be exported to Mendeley Desktop library. Two independent reviewers will perform both abstract and full article screening in parallel as well as data extraction from eligible studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) will be utilized to present the study findings of the proposed scoping review. NVivo version 11.0 will be used to extract the relevant outcomes from the included studies, a content thematic analysis performed, and the results reported using a narrative approach. The Mixed Method Quality Appraisal Tool Version 2018 will be used to assess the methodological quality of all included studies.

Discussion
We anticipate that the proposed study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on childhood obesity, identify gaps in knowledge on the topic, inform future research direction, and provide evidence-based information to strengthen health systems and policies on childhood obesity towards achieving the WHO global target of halting the rise in obesity by 2025.
Dissecting cellobiose metabolic pathway and its application in biorefinery through consolidated bioprocessing in Myceliophthora thermophila
Authors: Li Jingen , Gu Shuying , Zhao Zhen , Chen Bingchen , Liu Qian , Sun Tao , Sun Wenliang , Tian Chaoguang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a potential sustainable source for industrial applications. The costs associated with conversion of plant biomass to fermentable sugar represent a significant barrier to the production of cost-competitive biochemicals. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is considered a potential breakthrough for achieving cost-efficient production of biomass-based fuels and commodity chemicals. During the degradation of cellulose, cellobiose (major end-product of cellulase activity) is catabolized by hydrolytic and phosphorolytic pathways in cellulolytic organisms. However, the details of the two intracellular cellobiose metabolism pathways in cellulolytic fungi remain to be uncovered.ResultsUsing the engineered malic acid production fungal strain JG207, we demonstrated that the hydrolytic pathway by β-glucosidase and the phosphorolytic pathway by phosphorylase are both used for intracellular cellobiose metabolism inMyceliophthora thermophila, and the yield of malic acid can benefit from the energy advantages of phosphorolytic cleavage. There were obvious differences in regulation of the two cellobiose catabolic pathways depending on whetherM. thermophilaJG207 was grown on cellobiose or Avicel. Disruption ofMtcppin strain JG207 led to decreased production of malic acid under cellobiose conditions, while expression levels of all three intracellular β-glucosidase genes were significantly up-regulated to rescue the impairment of the phosphorolytic pathway under Avicel conditions. When the flux of the hydrolytic pathway was reduced, we found that β-glucosidase encoded bybgl1was the dominant enzyme in the hydrolytic pathway and deletion ofbgl1resulted in significant enhancement of protein secretion but reduction of malate production. Combining comprehensive manipulation of both cellobiose utilization pathways and enhancement of cellobiose uptake by overexpression of a cellobiose transporter, the final strain JG412Δbgl2Δbgl3produced up to 101.2 g/L and 77.4 g/L malic acid from cellobiose and Avicel, respectively, which corresponded to respective yields of 1.35 g/g and 1.03 g/g, representing significant improvement over the starting strain JG207.ConclusionsThis is the first report of detailed investigation of intracellular cellobiose catabolism in cellulolytic fungusM. thermophila. These results provide insights that can be applied to industrial fungi for production of biofuels and biochemicals from cellobiose and cellulose.
The effects of regenerative injection therapy compared to corticosteroids for the treatment of lateral Epicondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Barnett Julie , Bernacki Madison N. , Kainer Jessica L. , Smith Hannah N. , Zaharoff Annette M. , Subramanian Sandeep K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe lateral epicondyle is a common site for chronic tendinosis (i.e. lateral epicondylitis), a condition characterized by overuse and degeneration of a tendon due to repeated microtrauma. This leads to pain and functional limitations. There is a growing interest in non-surgical forms of treatment for this condition including provision of corticosteroid injections and regenerative injection therapy (provision of autologous blood and platelet rich plasma injections).ObjectiveWe compared the effectiveness of corticosteroids with regenerative injection therapy for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.MethodsWe systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials published in English language from 2008 to 2018. Databases used included PEDro, Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL. Nine articles met our selection criteria. The PEDRo scale scores helped assess study quality. Cochrane risk of bias criteria helped assess bias. We analyzed results focusing on pain and function using meta-analyses.ResultsSix out of 9 studies had low risk of bias. There were no short-term (1 and 2 month) differences in pain scores between the corticosteroid and regenerative injection groups. Participants receiving regenerative injections demonstrated greater long-term improvements lasting for a period of≈2 years.ConclusionRegenerative injections provision results in greater long–term pain relief and improved function for people with lateral epicondylitis.
Anesthetic management of a parturient with Ebstein anomaly posted for medical termination of pregnancy
Authors: Andleeb Roshan , Kumar Rajnish 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pregnancy in Ebstein anomaly could cause acute decompensated heart failure. Therefore, medical termination of pregnancy is the next course of action in such cases. We present a case of 25-year-old primigravida with Ebstein anomaly posted for termination of pregnancy at 8 weeks of gestation. The patient had dyspnea on minimal exertion with a recent episode of upper respiratory tract infection. Caudal epidural in place of lumbar epidural or general anesthesia was chosen in view of the recent episode of respiratory infection and minimal hemodynamic changes and early recovery of motor blockade associated with the former. Pregnancy was terminated successfully with minimal intraoperative hemodynamics variation.
Hence, for minor gynecological procedure like termination of pregnancy, caudal epidural anesthesia provides an alternative option especially in cases where hemodynamic variation is least desired like decompensating congenital heart condition.
A clinical and pathological study in patients with sudden unexpected death in Epilepsy
Authors: Yu Weihua , Zhu Ying , Li Qingshu , Tian Xin , Zhang Peng , Lü Yang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Sudden unexpected death of epilepsy (SUDEP) is a severe outcome of epilepsy. This study aimed to report the clinical and pathological findings in patients with SUDEP.

Methods
The record of patients with sudden death was screened. When the reason of death matched with the definition of SUDEP, the clinical and pathological data were analyzed. Eleven patients with SUDEP were included in the study.

Results
Eight patients died after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, seizures were induced by emotional changes in five patients, four cases were found dead in bed. Carbamazepine was prescribed in six patients. The autopsy showed brain edema and pulmonary edema in all eleven patients. Loss of neurons and gliosis were presented in some brains of SUDEP subjects. The main pathological changes in SUDEP include brain edema, pulmonary edema, loss of neurons and gliosis.

Conclusions
Risk factors for SUDEP in the study are generalized tonic-clonic seizure, emotional disturbance and carbamazepine treatment.
Study of role of digital breast tomosynthesis over digital mammography in the assessment of BIRADS 3 breast lesions
Authors: Ali Engy A. , Adel Lamiaa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and thus, screening has become an important health issue. Although mammography remains the standard of care for breast cancer screening and diagnosis (with biopsy), tomosynthesis (3D DBT) allows the separation of overlapping structures seen on 2D mammography and thus enables better depiction of masses or asymmetries.

Results
A prospective study for mammographic cases referred to our radiology unit included 60 lesions detected in 59 patients that were performed during the period from January 2016 to September 2017. Patients’ ages ranged from 26 to 72 years with mean age 51 ± 12 SD. Sixty percent of breast imaging-reporting and data system (BIRADS) 3 lesions detected by 2D digital mammography (36/60) changed their category after 3D DBT, 40% (24/60) digital mammography noticed lesions did not change their BIRADS after 3D DBT. Twenty-nine BIRADS 3 lesions out of the 60 were downgraded to BIRADS 1and 2, while 7 BIRADS 3 lesions out of the 60 were upgraded to BIRADS 4 and 5 which were all biopsied. Six out of the 7 lesions were pathologically proven ducal carcinoma and 1 out of 7 pathologically proven to be atypical ductal hyperplasia.

Conclusion
3D DBT significantly reduced the need for additional mammographic views and frequent follow-up studies as it gave better characterization for all BIRADS 3 lesions.
Larval habitat diversity and mosquito species distribution along the coast of Kenya
Authors: Karuitha Miriam , Bargul Joel , Lutomiah Joel , Muriu Simon , Nzovu Joseph , Sang Rosemary , Mwangangi Joseph , Mbogo Charles 
Published: November 2019

Background:Management of arboviruses relies heavily on vector control. Implementation and sustenance of effective control measures requires regular surveillance of mosquito occurrences, species abundance and distribution. The current study evaluated larval habitat diversity and productivity, mosquito species diversity and distribution in selected sites along the coast of Kenya.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of mosquito breeding habitats, species diversity and distribution was conducted in urban, peri-urban and forested ecological zones in Mombasa and Kilifi counties.Results:A total of 13,009 immature mosquitoes were collected from 17 diverse aquatic habitats along the coast of Kenya. Larval productivity differed significantly (F(16, 243)= 3.21, P < 0.0001) among the aquatic habitats, with tyre habitats recording the highest larval population.Culex pipiens(50.17%) andAedes aegypti(38.73%) were the dominant mosquito species in urban areas, whileAe. vittatus(89%) was the dominant species in forested areas. In total, 4,735 adult mosquitoes belonging to 19 species were collected in Haller Park, Bamburi, Gede and Arabuko Sokoke forest. Urban areas supported higher densities ofAe. aegypticompared to peri-urban and forest areas, which, on the other hand, supported greater mosquito species diversity.Conclusions:HighAe. aegyptiproduction in urban and peri-urban areas present a greater risk of arbovirus outbreaks. Targeting productive habitats ofAedes aegypti, such as discarded tyres, containers and poorly maintained drainage systems in urban areas and preventing human-vector contact in peri-urban and forested areas could have a significant impact on the prevalence of arboviruses along the coast of Kenya, forestalling the periodic outbreaks experienced in the region.
Depressive and anxiety disorders in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Kunert Łukasz , Gawrychowski Jacek , Sobiś Jarosław , Buła Grzegorz , Pudlo Robert 
Published: November 2019

Cel pracyCelem badania była ocena częstości występowania i nasilenia zaburzeń lękowych i depresyjnych wśród pacjentów z pierwotną nadczynnością przytarczyc (PNP), ustalenie związku nasilenia zaburzeń ze stężeniami jonów wapnia i parathormonu w surowicy oraz oceny przydatności skal samooceny w przesiewowej ocenie zaburzeń depresyjnych wśród chorych z PNP.MetodaBadaniu przy użyciu 17-punktowej Skali Depresji Hamiltona (HAM-D), Inwentarza Samooceny Becka-II (BDI-II) oraz Szpitalnej Skali Leku i Depresji (HADS) poddano 101 pacjentów z PNP. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 50 chorych z rozpoznaniem wola obojętnego tarczycy.WynikiAnaliza wyników badania przy użyciu skali HAM-D wykazała częstsze występowanie i większe nasilenie objawów depresyjnych w całej populacji pacjentów oraz wśród kobiet z PNP. Nie uwidoczniono takiej zależności wśród badanych mężczyzn.
W badaniu przy użyciu BDI-II wykazano częstsze występowanie i większe nasilenie objawów depresyjnych w całej populacji pacjentów oraz wśród kobiet z PNP. Nie uwidoczniono takiej zależności wśród badanych mężczyzn.
Badanie przy użyciu HADS nie wykazało istotnych różnic między częstością występowania objawów depresyjnych i lękowych pomiędzy grupą badaną i kontrolną w całej populacji oraz po uwzględnieniu podziału na płeć.WnioskiBadanie uwidoczniło związek między PNP a występowaniem zaburzeń depresyjnych. Związku takiego nie wykazano dla zaburzeń lękowych.
Nie wykazano zależności nasilenia zaburzeń depresyjnych od stężenia jonów wapnia i parathormonu w surowicy.
Wykazano istotną statystycznie niewielką ujemną korelację nasilenia zaburzeń lękowych ze stężeniem jonów wapnia w surowicy w całej badanej grupie, w grupie kobiet ponadto dodatnią korelację stężenia parathormonu w surowicy z nasileniem zaburzeń lękowych.
Badanie wykazało, że testy samooceny nie są wystarczającym narzędziem do przesiewowej diagnostyki zaburzeń depresyjnych wśród pacjentów z PNP.
Long-term psychoeducation in limiting body mass gain in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics
Authors: Pudlo Robert , Piegza Magdalena , Michalik-Marcinkowska Urszula , Więckiewicz Gniewko , Jaworska Izabela 
Published: November 2019

Cel pracyCelem pracy było oszacowanie efektywności psychoedukacji w ograniczaniu przyrostu masy ciała chorych z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii, u których włączono atypowe leki przeciwpsychotyczne w monoterapii.MetodaStworzony na zlecenie firmy Moneo Pharma Group program edukacyjny „Dbamy o Zdrowie i Linię” zastosowano u chorych na schizofrenię. Założenia programu obejmowały przekazywanie informacji dotyczących stylu życia i odżywiania.WynikiRoczną obserwację ukończyło 7541 pacjentów. Średni przyrost BMI (wskaźnik masy ciała) w ciągu roku wyniósł 0,56, różnica pomiędzy mężczyznami (0,52) i kobietami (0,60) była istotna statystycznie ( p < 0,001 ). Średni, roczny przyrost masy ciała wyniósł 1,63 kg, podczas gdy średnie, roczne zwiększenie obwodu brzucha wyniosło 1,25cm. Nie było statystycznie znaczących różnic pomiędzy płciami. Subiektywna ocena stosowania się do zaleceń wzrastała systematycznie z każdą wizytą, zarówno dla mężczyzn jak i kobiet. Pacjenci, którzy najlepiej stosowali się do zaleceń rzadziej doświadczali wzrostu masy ciała (p<0,001), a otyli pacjenci doświadczyli największego spadku BMI.WnioskiProgram edukacyjny poskutkował zmniejszeniem przyrostu masy ciała otyłych pacjentów leczonych atypowymi lekami przeciwpsychotycznymi. Osoby z BMI 30 częściej niż inne uzyskały redukcję masy ciała w czasie trwania programu edukacyjnego. Jakość współpracy w czasie pierwszej i drugiej wizyty ma wartość predykcyjną dla oceny zmian masy ciała w czasie trwania programu edukacyjnego. Ta metoda edukacji jest łatwa do zastosowania w praktyce klinicznej.