bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plural and Porous: Reconceptualizing the Boundaries of Mobile Messaging Group Chats
Authors: Mannell Kate 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the nascent literature on mobile messaging groups—commonly referred to as “group chats”—there is a tendency to see them as clearly bounded units of interaction with highly-defined borders. While valuable at times, this approach does not fully reflect how group chat boundaries are experienced by the people who encounter them. Accordingly, this article aims to broaden the terms on which group chats are understood by reconceptualizing their boundaries. In doing so, it draws on interviews with 40 young adults about their friendship-based group chats and focuses, in particular, on the experiences of one participant, Matthew, who provided an especially rich account of his overlapping group chats. On the basis of this data, the article argues that the boundaries of group chats are often plural and porous, and that broader approaches to the study of group chats are needed to capture this complexity.
Potential Distribution of Nysius simulans (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in Soybean Crops in South America Under Current and Future Climate
Authors: de Paula Alexandre Silva , Barreto Carlos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNysius simulans (Stål) is a suctorial, fluid feeding herbivore that can transmit toxins and spread pathogens via saliva and is an economically important pest for soybean in South America. Currently, N. simulans in soybean is predominantly found in Argentina, but future changes in the distribution from both dispersal and range shifts due to climate change may affect soybean cultivation in southern South America. We developed a species distribution model to examine the distribution range of N. simulans. We compared the potential distribution of N. simulans under current and future projected climatic conditions in order to identify future areas of natural occurrence with ecological niche models using Maxent. Current records of N. simulans show that while the species is present in Argentina, and some areas of Brazil, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, our models suggest that many new suitable areas will be available for N. simulans under climate change including other regions of Argentina, and southern Chile. Our results also predict potential future range shifts and distributions into Bolivia, but not Peru nor Brazil. In our model, seasonal trends in temperature were shown to have the greatest contribution to the potential distribution, whereas isothermality (i.e., temperature variability) was correlated to potential future distribution ranges. We conclude that current populations of N. simulans may be expanding its distribution range by diffusion (i.e., range expansion over generations at the margins of populations), and regions with potential future N. simulans distribution should be closely monitored.
Parasitism of Adult Pentatomidae by Tachinidae in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United States
Authors: Anderson Pheylan A , Pezzini Daniela T , Bueno Nádia M , DiFonzo Christina D , Finke Deborah L , Hunt Thomas E , Knodel Janet J , Krupke Christian H , McCornack Brian P , Philips Christopher R , Varenhorst Adam J , Wright Robert J , Koch Robert L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are agricultural pests of increasing significance in the North Central Region of the United States, posing a threat to major crops such as soybean. Biological control can reduce the need for insecticides to manage these pests, but the parasitism of stink bugs by Tachinidae (Diptera) is poorly characterized in this region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of parasitism of stink bugs by tachinids over 2 yr from nine states across the North Central Region. Parasitism was assessed by quantifying tachinid eggs on the integument of stink bug adults. Parasitism rates (i.e., percent of adult stink bugs with tachinid eggs) were compared across stink bug species, states, stink bug sex, and years. The mean percent parasitism of stink bugs by tachinids was about 6% across the region and did not differ among stink bug species. Mean percent parasitism was significantly higher in Missouri than in northern and western states. In addition, male stink bugs had significantly higher mean percent parasitism than females. Stink bug species commonly found in soybean in the region showed some parasitism and are therefore potentially vulnerable to oviposition by these parasitoids. This is the first study to characterize the level of parasitism of stink bugs by tachinids across the North Central Region.
Governing through imaginaries: on the place and role of constructions of Japan within UK policy discourse regarding science, technology, and innovation
Authors: Pickersgill Martyn 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
This article employs the notion of ‘sociotechnical imaginaries’ from the discipline of science and technology studies in order to consider the role that constructions of Japan play within UK policy discourse on science, technology, and innovation. The analysis is parsed in relation to the three dominant constructions that emerged from within the discourse under study: Japan as collaborator, as comparator, and as competitor. The mentioning of Japan within policy texts seems often aimed at evoking an imaginary of an economically successful and technoscientifically inventive nation, geared up for investment and innovation. Japan was present in the texts analyzed as a country that was simultaneously the same and other to the UK: similar enough for meaningful comparisons to be made, while sufficiently different to motivate the UK to ‘do better’ and to galvanize symbolic and material resource to become ‘more like’ Japan. Thus, a sociotechnical imaginary emerged that was at once familiar to and yet also distinct from that of the UK. Sociotechnical imaginaries of other/Other nations can govern through enabling and shaping political and policy conversations, which can ultimately inflect and indeed help to determine different forms of legal and regulatory tools, processes, and discourses.
Multifocal abdominal endometriosis, a case report
Authors: Porter Julia , Eisdorfer Jacob , Yi Crystal , Nguyen Cecilia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Multifocal endometriosis found outside of the pelvis is very rare. We present here a case of endometriosis found in the pelvis, appendix and umbilicus. A 52-year-old female had a previous umbilical hernia repair, and years later started to develop a recurrent umbilical mass. After a full work-up, it was decided the patient have a diagnostic laparoscopy with wide local excision of umbilical mass to rule out any underlying malignancy. Findings during the procedure included an umbilical mass, dilated appendix and ovoid mass abutting the appendix. Pathology of the umbilical mass was found to be consistent with endometriosis. Umbilical and pelvic endometriosis is a rare condition. Options for diagnosis prior to surgical interventions are limited in endometriosis. In this case, ruling out underlying malignancy took priority, and the mass was removed and she will have less chance of recurrence.
Epigenetics: possible applications in climate-smart crop breeding
Authors: Varotto Serena , Tani Eleni , Abraham Eleni , Krugman Tamar , Kapazoglou Aliki , Melzer Rainer , Radanović Aleksandra , Miladinović Dragana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To better adapt transiently or lastingly to stimuli from the surrounding environment, the chromatin states in plant cells vary to allow the cells to fine-tune their transcriptional profiles. Modifications of chromatin states involve a wide range of post-transcriptional histone modifications, histone variants, DNA methylation, and activity of non-coding RNAs, which can epigenetically determine specific transcriptional outputs. Recent advances in the area of ‘-omics’ of major crops have facilitated identification of epigenetic marks and their effect on plant response to environmental stresses. As most epigenetic mechanisms are known from studies in model plants, we summarize in this review recent epigenetic studies that may be important for improvement of crop adaptation and resilience to environmental changes, ultimately leading to the generation of stable climate-smart crops. This has paved the way for exploitation of epigenetic variation in crop breeding.
KNAT7 regulates xylan biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seed-coat mucilage
Authors: Wang Yiping , Xu Yan , Pei Shengqiang , Lu Mingmin , Kong Yingzhen , Zhou Gongke , Hu Ruibo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As a major hemicellulose component of plant cell walls, xylans play a determining role in maintaining the wall structure. However, the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of xylan biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Arabidopsis seed mucilage represents an ideal system for studying polysaccharide biosynthesis and modifications of plant cell walls. Here, we identify KNOTTED ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 7 (KNAT7) as a positive transcriptional regulator of xylan biosynthesis in seed mucilage. The xylan content was significantly reduced in the mucilage of the knat7-3 mutant and this was accompanied by significantly reduced expression of the xylan biosynthesis-related genes IRREGULAR XYLEM 14 (IRX14) and MUCILAGE MODIFIED 5/MUCILAGE-RELATED 21 (MUM5/MUCI21). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, yeast one-hybrid assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation with quantitative PCR verified the direct binding of KNAT7 to the KNOTTED1 (KN1) binding site [KBS,TGACAG(G/C)T] in the promoters of IRX7, IRX14, and MUM5/MUCI21 in vitro, in vivo, and in planta. Furthermore, KNAT7 directly activated the expression of IRX14 and MUM5/MUCI21 in transactivation assays in mesophyll protoplasts, and overexpression of IRX14 or MUM5/MUCI21 in knat7-3 partially rescued the defects in mucilage adherence. Taken together, our results indicate that KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis in seed-coat mucilage via direct activation of the expression of IRX14 and MUM5/MUCI21.
Collimated outflows from long-lived binary neutron star merger remnants
Authors: Ciolfi Riccardo 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The connection between short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) and binary neutron star (BNS) mergers was recently confirmed by the association of GRB 170817A with the merger event GW170817. However, no conclusive indications were obtained on whether the merger remnant that powered the SGRB jet was an accreting black hole (BH) or a long-lived massive neutron star (NS). Here, we explore the latter case via BNS merger simulations covering up to 250 ms after merger. We report, for the first time in a full merger simulation, the formation of a magnetically driven collimated outflow along the spin axis of the NS remnant. For the system at hand, the properties of such an outflow are found largely incompatible with an SGRB jet. With due consideration of the limitations and caveats of our present investigation, our results favour a BH origin for GRB 170817A and SGRBs in general. Even though this conclusion needs to be confirmed by exploring a larger variety of physical conditions, we briefly discuss possible consequences of all SGRB jets being powered by accreting BHs.
IKBKE activity enhances AR levels in advanced prostate cancer via modulation of the Hippo pathway
Authors: Bainbridge Alex , Walker Scott , Smith Joseph , Patterson Kathryn , Dutt Aparna , Ng Yi Min , Thomas Huw D , Wilson Laura , McCullough Benjamin , Jones Dominic , Maan Arussa , Banks Peter , McCracken Stuart R , Gaughan Luke , Robson Craig N , Coffey Kelly 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Resistance to androgen receptor (AR) targeting therapeutics in prostate cancer (PC) is a significant clinical problem. Mechanisms by which this is accomplished include AR amplification and expression of AR splice variants, demonstrating that AR remains a key therapeutic target in advanced disease. For the first time we show that IKBKE drives AR signalling in advanced PC. Significant inhibition of AR regulated gene expression was observed upon siRNA-mediated IKBKE depletion or pharmacological inhibition due to inhibited AR gene expression in multiple cell line models including a LNCaP derivative cell line resistant to the anti-androgen, enzalutamide (LNCaP-EnzR). Phenotypically, this resulted in significant inhibition of proliferation, migration and colony forming ability suggesting that targeting IKBKE could circumvent resistance to AR targeting therapies. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition in the CWR22Rv1 xenograft mouse model reduced tumour size and enhanced survival. Critically, this was validated in patient-derived explants where enzymatic inactivation of IKBKE reduced cell proliferation and AR expression. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that IKBKE regulates AR levels via Hippo pathway inhibition to reduce c-MYC levels at cis-regulatory elements within the AR gene. Thus, IKBKE is a therapeutic target in advanced PC suggesting repurposing of clinically tested IKBKE inhibitors could be beneficial to castrate resistant PC patients.
A Scoping Review of Registered Clinical Studies on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion (2000 to 2019)
Authors: Furlan Julio C , Radan Michael M , Tator Charles H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhile many patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion recover completely, prolonged postconcussion symptoms remain a challenge for patients and an opportunity for clinical research. This has led to numerous research initiatives over the last 2 decades.OBJECTIVETo review the characteristics of clinical studies on management of mTBI/concussion; and to examine their definitions of mTBI/concussion.METHODSThis scoping review included all clinical studies on diagnosis and management of patients with mTBI/concussion registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov from 2000 to June/2019. The terms “mild TBI/concussion” were used for the primary search. Definitions of mTBI/concussion were obtained from the protocols. When a definition was missing in the website, the study's investigators were contacted for clarification.RESULTSThere were 225 interventional and 95 observational studies. Most of the studies are focused on treatment (54.7%) or diagnosis (37.5%), while 3.4% examined preventive measures, 2.8% evaluated prognostic instruments, and 1.6% developed registries. Most of the studies in this American database were single-center initiatives led by American and Canadian institutions. The definitions of mTBI/concussion differed widely among 109 studies.CONCLUSIONThe results of this review suggest that most of the clinical studies are focused on diagnosis and non-pharmacological therapies for patients with mTBI/concussion. The large number of differing definitions of mTBI/concussion among the studies creates significant limitations when comparing studies. The requirements for registering research protocols on mTBI/concussion should include the necessity to state the definition being used. There is a need for consensus on a uniform definition of concussion.
Parvovirus B19 activates in vitro normal human dermal fibroblasts: a possible implication in skin fibrosis and systemic sclerosis
Authors: Arvia Rosaria , Margheri Francesca , Stincarelli Maria A , Laurenzana Anna , Fibbi Gabriella , Gallinella Giorgio , Ferri Clodoveo , Del Rosso Mario , Zakrzewska Krystyna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
Fibrosis is the most characteristic pathological hallmark of SSc, a connective tissue disease characterized by vascular and immunological abnormalities, inflammation and enhanced extracellular matrix production, leading to progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs. We previously demonstrated that parvovirus B19 (B19V) can infect normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and that B19V persists in SSc fibroblasts. In this study, we investigated whether parvovirus B19V is able to activate in vitro NHDFs and to induce in these cells some phenotypic features similar to that observed in the SSc fibroblasts.

Methods
We preliminarily analysed the time course of B19V infection in cultured NHDFs, then we investigated the ability of B19V to induce cell migration, invasive phenotype and mRNA expression of some profibrotic and/or proinflammatory genes.

Results
We confirmed our previous findings that B19V infects NHDFs, but the infection is not productive. After incubation with B19V, NHDFs showed a significant increase of both migration and invasiveness, along with mRNA expression of different profibrotic genes (α-SMA, EDN-1, IL-6, TGF-β1 receptors 1 and 2, Col1α2), some genes associated with inflammasome platform (AIM2, IFI16, IL-1β, CASP-1) and genes for metalloprotease (MMP 2, 9 and 12).

Conclusion
These data suggest that B19V can activate dermal fibroblasts and may have a role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. B19V-induced fibroblast migration and invasiveness could be due to the B19V-associated MMP9 overexpression and activation. Moreover, the up-regulation of MMP12, typical of SSc, could link the B19V infection of fibroblasts to the anti-angiogenic process.
The genetics of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Dedmon Laura E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRA is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the small joints of the hands and feet, and results in a mean reduction in life expectancy of 3–10 years. RA is a multigene disorder with a substantial genetic component and a heritability estimate of 60%. Large-scale Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses have revealed common disease-associated variants in the population that may contribute cumulatively to RA pathogenesis. This review identifies the most significant genetic variants associated with RA susceptibility to date, with particular focus on the contribution of the HLA class II genes across different ethnic groups. Also discussed are the potential applications of pharmacogenomics to RA management by identifying polymorphisms associated with variation in treatment response or toxicity. The use of genetic variants to guide treatment strategy has the potential to not only reduce National Health Service costs, but also drastically improve patient experience and quality of life.
Complex Ecological Phenotypes on Phylogenetic Trees: A Markov Process Model for Comparative Analysis of Multivariate Count Data
Authors: Grundler Michael , Rabosky Daniel L 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe evolutionary dynamics of complex ecological traits—including multistate representations of diet, habitat, and behavior—remain poorly understood. Reconstructing the tempo, mode, and historical sequence of transitions involving such traits poses many challenges for comparative biologists, owing to their multidimensional nature. Continuous-time Markov chains are commonly used to model ecological niche evolution on phylogenetic trees but are limited by the assumption that taxa are monomorphic and that states are univariate categorical variables. A necessary first step in the analysis of many complex traits is therefore to categorize species into a predetermined number of univariate ecological states, but this procedure can lead to distortion and loss of information. This approach also confounds interpretation of state assignments with effects of sampling variation because it does not directly incorporate empirical observations for individual species into the statistical inference model. In this study, we develop a Dirichlet-multinomial framework to model resource use evolution on phylogenetic trees. Our approach is expressly designed to model ecological traits that are multidimensional and to account for uncertainty in state assignments of terminal taxa arising from effects of sampling variation. The method uses multivariate count data across a set of discrete resource categories sampled for individual species to simultaneously infer the number of ecological states, the proportional utilization of different resources by different states, and the phylogenetic distribution of ecological states among living species and their ancestors. The method is general and may be applied to any data expressible as a set of observational counts from different categories. [Comparative methods; Dirichlet multinomial; ecological niche evolution; macroevolution; Markov model.]
Look closely and listen carefully: unexpected cicada diversity in northern Sardinia, with the description of a new species (Cicadidae: Tibicina)
Authors: Hertach Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Integrative taxonomy combines different data sources as a way to detect separately evolving metapopulation lineages or species. This method is applied to cicada populations found in northern Sardinia, based on acoustic, morphological and ecological data. Thereby, the genus Tibicina turned out to be more diverse than previously expected. Besides the anticipated Tibicina corsica corsica and T. nigronervosa, both scientifically described from the neighbouring island of Corsica, two poorly or previously unknown species have been discovered. Tibicina longisyllaba sp. nov. is here described as new. Tibicina corsica s.l. forms a small species complex where syllable periods of the song – the movement cycle of the acoustic organs – are specific without overlaps. Some coloration and hair cover characters, as well as the shape of the song apparatus, are not diagnostic on their own, but highly significant between species. Species occur sympatrically, parapatrically or allopatrically and prefer specific habitats from grassland to closed forests. All four Tibicina taxa are endemic to parts of Sardinia or to the Corso-Sardinian archipelago. The new findings are important for biodiversity conservation and public awareness. The loud, strident calling songs dominate the summer sounds of the islands. The group could form a showcase with respect to biogeography, phylogeny, speciation and sound production.
The Importance of Being Earnest
Authors: El-Dalati Sami , Cronin Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Attempting to effect change in modern medicine, particularly as trainees or junior faculty, is often an overwhelming undertaking. While early-career physicians are in close contact with patients, they often lack the credibility or access to resources that are necessary to implement new ideas at large institutions. Although there may be scientific evidence to support new models of care, existing cultural patterns of practice can foster resistance to these interventions.
The authors describe their own experience as residents reforming the management of endocarditis patients at an academic medical center, emphasizing the important role that residents can play in changing medical practice. Starting with a devastating patient case, the authors share their story of creating a multidisciplinary endocarditis team while navigating the many obstacles, some unseen, that can derail innovative ideas. Ultimately, through a combination of new perspectives, data-driven analysis, determination, and—most importantly—hope, the authors were able to dramatically improve outcomes for patients. Moving forward, their experience can serve as a model for young physicians and inspire them to effect change in their own institutions.