bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium(iii) complexes containing thiazole-based ligands that modulate amyloid-β aggregation
Authors: Huffman Samantha E , Yawson Gideon K , Fisher Samuel S , Bothwell Paige J , Platt David C , Jones Marjorie A , Hamaker Christopher G , Webb Michael I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder where one of the commonly observed pathological hallmarks is extracellular deposits of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ). These deposits contain a high concentration of metals and initially presented a promising target for therapy; however it has become increasingly evident that the soluble form of the peptide is neurotoxic, not the amyloidogenic species. Metal-based therapeutics are uniquely suited to target soluble Aβ and have shown considerable promise to prevent the aggregation and induced cytotoxicity of the peptide in vitro. Herein, we have prepared a small series of derivatives of two promising Ru(iii) complexes NAMI-A (imidazolium [trans-RuCl4(1H-imidazole)(dimethyl sulfoxide-S)]) and PMRU20 (2-aminothiazolium [trans-RuCl4(2-aminothiazole)2]), to determine structure–activity relationships (SAR) for Ru(iii) therapeutics for AD. Using the three complementary methods of Thioflavin T fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was determined that the symmetry around the metal center did not significantly impact the activity of the complexes, but rather the attached thiazole ligand(s) mitigated Aβ aggregation. Across both families of Ru(iii) complexes the determined SAR for the functional groups on the thiazole ligands to modulate Aβ aggregation were NH2 &gt; CH3 &gt; H. These results highlight the importance of secondary interactions between the metallotherapeutic and the Aβ peptide where hydrogen-bonding has the greatest impact on modulating Aβ aggregation.
Experimental results and computational insight into sequential reactions of β-(2-aminophenyl)-α,β-ynones with aryl isocyanates/benzoyl isothiocyanate
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Aschi Massimiliano , Chiarini Marco , Marinelli Fabio , Marsicano Vincenzo , Portalone Gustavo 
Published: April 2020

The selective formation of quinazoline vs. benzoxazine and benzothiazine derivatives from β-(2-aminophenyl)-α,β-ynones and aryl isocyanates/benzoyl isothiocyanate was explored. DFT calculations provide a plausible rationale.
Mining TCGA database for tumor mutation burden and their clinical significance in bladder cancer
Authors: Lv Jia , Zhu Yongze , Ji Alin , Zhang Qi , Liao Guodong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer is the ninth most-common cancer worldwide and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is an emerging biomarker in cancer characterized by microsatellite instability. TMB has been described as a powerful predictor of tumor behavior and response to immunotherapy.
Methods: A total of 443 bladder cancer samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed for mutation types, TMB values, and prognostic value of TMB. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the TMB groupings. Functional analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of the first 30 core genes. CIBERSORT algorithm was used to determine the correlation between the immune cells and TMB subtypes.
Results: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and C&gt;T were reported as the most common missense mutations and we also identified a high rate of mutations in TP53, TTN, KMT2D. Bladder cancer patients with high TMB showed a better prognosis. Enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed that they were involved in the regulation of the P13K-Akt signaling pathway, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, and Ras signaling pathway. The high expression of hub genes ADRA2A, CXCL12, S1PR1, ADAMTS9, F13A1, and SPON1 was correlated with poor overall survival. Besides, significant differences in the composition of the immune cells of T cells CD8, T cells CD4 memory activated, NK cells resting and Mast cells resting were observed.
Conclusions: The present study provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the prediction of TMB in bladder cancer and its clinical significance. Also, the study provides additional prognostic information and opportunities for immunotherapy in bladder cancer.
High‐speed graded‐channel AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with power added efficiency >70% at 30 GHz
Authors: Moon J.S. , Grabar R. , Wong J. , Antcliffe M. , Chen P. , Arkun E. , Khalaf I. , Corrion A. , Chappell J. , Venkatesan N. , Fay P. 
Published: April 2020

The authors report on highly scaled 60 nm gate length graded‐channel AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a record power added efficiency (PAE) of 75% at 2.1 W/mm power density at Vdd = 10 V and the PAE of 65% at 3.0 W/mm power density at 30 GHz at Vdd = 14 V. Under two‐tone power measurement, the graded‐channel AlGaN/GaN HEMTs demonstrated similar power performance with peak PAE >70% at 30 GHz. This novel channel design shows great promise for high‐efficiency millimetre‐wave (mmW) power amplifiers up to 3 W/mm RF power density operation.
S2e-Leitlinie „Therapie der rheumatoiden Arthritis mit krankheitsmodifizierenden Medikamenten“ – Was ist neu?
Authors: Fiehn Christoph 
Published: April 2020

Was ist neu?
Übergeordnete Prinzipien Das Prinzip des Treat-to-Target (Remission als Ziel) wie auch die Notwendigkeit, Glukokortikoide (GC) auszuschleichen, werden betont.
Remission als Ziel des Treat-to-Target Das Therapieziel ist die Remission nach den EULAR-Kriterien (z. B. SDAI < 3,3); wenn dies nicht möglich ist, dann ist die niedrige Krankheitsaktivität (DAS28 < 3,2) eine Alternative.
Konventionell synthetische krankheitsmodifizierende Medikamente Die parenterale Gabe von Methotrexat (MTX) hat eine bessere Pharmakokinetik als die perorale und kann u. U. helfen, die Umstellung auf ein biologisches (b) oder zielgerichtetes synthetisches (ts) krankheitsmodifizierendes Medikament (DMARD) zu verzögern oder unnötig zu machen.
Glukokortikoide Klare Vorgaben zu Dosisreduktion und Absetzen: Startdosis bis max. 30 mg/d Prednisolon, Reduktion auf max. 5 mg/d innerhalb 8 Wochen, Gesamtdauer der GC-Therapie, wenn möglich, max. 3–6 Monate.
Therapieanpassung und Evaluation Eine frühe Evaluation nach 6 Wochen dient zur Kontrolle der Adhärenz, Verträglichkeit und der Ausräumung von Kommunikationsproblemen. Nach 12 Wochen soll ein Ansprechen (mind. 50 %ige Verbesserung des Composite-Scores, z. B. des DAS28), nach 24 Wochen das Therapieziel erreicht sein. Zielgerichtete synthetische DMARD (JAK-Inhibitoren) sind im Therapiealgorithmus gleichwertig mit bDMARD.
Deeskalation Eine Deeskalation kann erwogen werden. Voraussetzung ist eine anhaltende Glukokortikoid-freie Remission über mind. 6 Monate und die Beachtung des Prinzips der Shared Decision. Deeskalation erfolgt über Dosisreduktion oder Abstandsverlängerung von Injektionen. Ein komplettes Absetzen führt dagegen relativ häufig zu einem Verlust der Remission.
Kardiovaskuläre Infektionen – ein Update
Authors: Rieg Siegbert 
Published: April 2020

Was ist neu?
Vergleich von Endokarditis-Risikokonstellationen Aus der Hochrisikogruppe der Endokarditis-prädisponierenden Erkrankungen sticht die durchgemachte Endokarditis (Risiko 266-fach) hervor – Präventionsmaßnahmen wie gute Oral-/Zahnhygiene, Antibiotikaprophylaxe bei orodentalen Eingriffen und Aufklärung sind essenziell.
Neues zur Enterococcus-faecalis-Endokarditis Bei Patienten mit ambulant erworbener E. faecalis-Bakteriämie sollte eine transösophageale Echokardiografie durchgeführt werden – laut neueren Untersuchungen beträgt die Endokarditisprävalenz in dieser Patientengruppe > 20 %. Es verdichten sich die Hinweise, dass eine Assoziation zwischen E. faecalis-Endokarditis und kolorektalen Karzinomen bzw. Adenomen mit Dysplasiezeichen existiert.
Orale Therapie der Endokarditis? Die Nichtunterlegenheit einer oralen Sequenztherapie bei Endokarditispatienten ist bislang nur für eine sehr ausgewählte Subgruppe (stabiler Verlauf, kleine Vegetation, keine paravalvulären Komplikationen) gezeigt. Eine frühe und unkritische Oralisierung der Antibiotika birgt die Gefahr schlechterer Behandlungsergebnisse.
Kunstherzinfektionen/Infektionen linksventrikulärer Assist-Devices Kunstherzinfektionen/Infektionen linksventrikulärer Assist-Devices (LVAD) treten bei einem Drittel der Patienten im Laufe des ersten Jahres nach der Implantation auf. Neben einer suffizienten Antibiotikatherapie ist ggf. ein chirurgisches Débridement erforderlich.
Geschlechtsunterschiede in Glucocorticoidkonzentrationen und Entzündungsparametern im Zusammenhang mit Depression
Authors: Schneider Lena , Walther Andreas 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund: Frauen erkranken fast doppelt so häufig wie Männer an einer Major Depression. Eine Hyperaktivität der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden-Achse (HHNA) und eine chronisch niedrig-gradige Inflammation sind 2 der konsistentesten biologischen Befunde bei schweren Depressionen. Inwiefern diese Parameter für die Existenz von Geschlechtsunterschieden bei Depression eine Rolle spielen, ist noch unzureichend untersucht worden. Methoden: Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche mittels der elektronischen Fachdatenbanken (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycARTICLES) durchgeführt. Die Suche umfasste alle englischsprachigen Artikel, die bis zum 29. Juni 2019 aufgenommen wurden. Als MeSH terms wurden depression, sex differences, inflammation, hpa axis, mit Zusätzen wie cortisol, crp, IL-6, TNF-alpha, dex/crh oder tsst verwendet. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnten 62 Primärstudien mit einem Total von 91318 Probanden (52 % Frauen) eingeschlossen werden. Basale Glucocorticoidkonzentrationen scheinen für beide Geschlechter tendenziell positiv mit dem Vorliegen oder der Schwere einer Depressionssymptomatik assoziiert zu sein. Konsistente Geschlechtsunterschiede konnten für die Cortisolreaktion auf einen Stressor sowie für Entzündungsmarker identifiziert werden. Fazit: Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Neurobiologie der Depression sind identifizierbar und geben Anlass für geschlechtsspezifische Untersuchungen der Pathophysiologie von Depressionen und deren geschlechtsspezifischer Behandlungen.
Prä-/Post-Untersuchung des Effektes von Umzug und Neubau einer psychiatrischen Klinik auf die Stationsatmosphäre in der Wahrnehmung von Patienten und Mitarbeitern
Authors: Brieger Peter , Steck Sarah , Kilian Reinhold , Hamann Johannes 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Vergleich der Stationsatmosphäre eines psychiatrischen Versorgungskrankenhauses vor und nach dem Umzug in einen Neubau.
Methodik Patienten und Mitarbeiter füllten den Stationsbeurteilungsbogen (SBB) vor bzw. nach dem Umzug aus. Prä-/Post-Vergleich der Mittelwerte mittels Regressionsanalysen unter Berücksichtigung personenbezogener Daten.
Ergebnisse 171 Patienten und 44 Mitarbeiter beteiligten sich an der Befragung. Der Umzug der Klinik in einen Neubau hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Stationsatmosphäre, weder bei Patienten noch beim Personal. Die Organisationsform der Stationen (vor allem Tagesklinik vs. Aufnahmestation) hat dagegen einen großen Einfluss auf die Bewertungen von Patienten und Mitarbeitern.
Schlussfolgerung Räumliche Verbesserungen und kleinere strukturelle Änderungen bewirken alleine keine Verbesserungen der Stationsatmosphäre.
Die Nachsorge des Lungenkarzinoms
Authors: Tufman Amanda , Duell Thomas , Schneider Christian 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel dieses Beitrags ist es, die aktuellen Leitlinien bzw. Empfehlungen zur Nachsorge des Lungenkarzinoms zu präsentieren und eine evidenzbasierte Herangehensweise für die Erstellung von individualisierten Nachsorgeplänen aufzuzeigen.
Immediate Effects of Kinesio Taping of Tibialis Anterior and Ankle Joint on Mobility and Balance Ability for Chronic Hemiparesis: Randomized Controlled Cross-Sectional Design
Authors: Kim Kyung-Hun , Lee Yang-Jin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground Stroke patients with hemiparesis are generally described as being slow and suffering a balance disability.Objective The purpose of this cross-sectional single-blind study was to evaluate the immediate effects of Kinesio taping of tibialis anterior and quadriceps on the mobility and balance ability in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.Methods Thirty-three subjects participated in this study. Participants were divided into 3 groups: Ankle Kinesio taping (AKT) group, a placebo (PKT) group, and a control (NKT) group. The AKT group underwent Kinesio tapping of ankle joint and tibialis muscle, PKT group underwent placebo taping, and NKT group underwent no Kinesio taping. All participants were assessed before and after taping training using timed up and go test (TUG), timed up and down stairs test (TUDS), and balance ability.Results After taping training, the AKT group showed significant improvement in mobility and balance ability compared to the PKT group and NKT group (p < 0.05). The results of this study confirmed that Kinesio taping was effective to the balance and mobility abilities of patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke.Conclusions This study suggested Kinesio taping as an effective intervention to increase the mobility and balance abilities of patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Therefore, this study are believed to provide the baseline information to effectively improve the balance and mobility abilities of patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke during the rehabilitation treatment in the future.
Rechtsfragen der Ressourcenzuteilung in der COVID-19-Pandemie – Zwischen Utilitarismus und Lebenswertindifferenz
Authors: Hübner Joachim , Schewe Denis M. , Katalinic Alexander , Frielitz Fabian-S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges for the German health care system. What is already the case in some other countries, may occur in Germany in the near future also: Faced with limited ICU resources, doctors will be forced to decide which patients to treat and which to let die. This paper examines the legal implications of such decisions. It takes up arguments from the general discussion on prioritization in medicine. A constitutional hurdle for the application of utilitarian criteria (in particular patients’ age or social role) comes from the principle that every human life is of equal value and must not be traded off against others (“life value indifference”). However, the limits that the Grundgesetz (German Basic Law) sets for state actions do not apply directly to doctors. According to the Musterberufsordnung (professional code of conduct), doctors act based on their conscience and the requirements of medical ethics and humanity. The implications of this normative standard for the prioritizing in an exceptional situation as the COVID 19 pandemic have not been sufficiently clarified. This uncertainty leads to emotional and moral burdens for doctors. The authors conclude that the German law grants a limited freedom of choice that allows physicians to apply utilitarian criteria in addition to purely medical decision algorithms.
Current Image-Guided Interventions in Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Rubalcava Nathan S. , Jarboe Marcus D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTraditionally, surgical technique has not included imaging modalities. Image guidance had largely been left to radiology specialties. However, in recent years, tremendous advances in imaging have taken place with improvements in image quality, portability, and accessibility. With these advances, surgeons have begun to realize the benefits of fusing image guidance with traditional surgical approaches. Subsequently, many novel surgical approaches utilizing image guidance have been developed that allow for precise, safe, and minimally invasive management of conditions that previously required open surgical intervention.
Effect of an Alternative Newborn Naming Strategy on Wrong-Patient Errors: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Pfeifer Ethan , Lozovatsky Margaret , Abraham Joanna , Kannampallil Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives Newborns are often assigned temporary names at birth. Temporary newborn names—often a combination of the mother's last name and the newborn's gender—are vulnerable to patient misidentification due to similarities with other newborns or between a mother and her newborn. We developed and implemented an alternative distinct naming strategy, and then compared its effectiveness on reducing the number of wrong-patient orders with the standard distinct naming strategy.
Methods This study was conducted over a 14-month period in the newborn nursery and neonatal intensive care units of three hospitals that were part of the same health care system. We used a quasi-experimental study design using interrupted time series analysis to compare the differences in wrong-patient orders (an indicator of patient misidentification) before and after the implementation of the alternative distinct naming strategy.
Results Overall, there were 25 wrong-patient errors per 10,000 orders during entire study period (36.8 per 10,000 before and 19.6 per 10,000 after). However, there was no statistically significant change in the rate of wrong-patient ordering errors after the transition from the distinct to the alternative distinct naming strategy (β = 0.832, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.83 to 2.49, p = 0.326). We also found that, overall, 1.7% of the clinicians contributed to 62% of the wrong-patient errors.
Conclusion Although we did not find statistically significant differences in wrong-patient errors, the alternative distinct naming approach provides pragmatic advantages over its predecessors. In addition, the localization of wrong-patient errors within a small set of clinicians highlights the potential for developing strategies for delivering training to clinicians.
Marijuana Use during Pregnancy and Preterm Birth: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Klebanoff Mark A. , Wilkins Diana G. , Keim Sarah A. 
Published: April 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to estimate the association between marijuana use during pregnancy and total, spontaneous and indicated preterm birth.
Study Design Prospective cohort study of women receiving antenatal care at The Ohio State University from 2010 to 2015. Marijuana use was assessed by questionnaire, record abstraction, and urine toxicology. Women were followed through the end of pregnancy. Relative risks were assessed with Poisson regression and time to delivery with proportional hazard models.
Results Of 363 eligible women, 119 (33%) used marijuana in pregnancy by at least one measure. In this high-risk cohort, preterm birth occurred to 36.0% of users and 34.6% of nonusers (p = 0.81). The unadjusted relative risk of all preterm birth was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–1.47); the adjusted relative risk was similar 1.04 (95% CI: 0.72–1.50). Spontaneous preterm birth was nonsignificantly elevated among users before 1.32 (95% CI: 0.89–1.96), and after 1.21 (95% CI: 0.76–1.94) adjustment. Indicated preterm birth was nonsignificantly reduced before 0.52 (95% CI: 0.22–1.23) and after 0.75 (95% CI: 0.29–2.15) adjustment. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for time to preterm birth was 1.26 (95% CI: 0.84–2.00); the adjusted HR was 1.32 (95% CI: 0.80–2.07). Both unadjusted 1.77 (95% CI: 1.06–2.93) and adjusted 2.16 (95% CI: 1.16–4.02) HRs for spontaneous preterm birth were significantly elevated, primarily due to an increased risk of spontaneous birth <28 weeks among users. The unadjusted and adjusted HRs for time to indicated preterm birth were 0.69 (95% CI: 0.33–1.43) and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.23–1.46).
Conclusion Marijuana use was not associated with total preterm birth in this cohort, suggesting that among women already at high risk of preterm birth, marijuana does not increase risk further. However, there was a suggestion that pregnant women who use marijuana may deliver earlier, particularly from spontaneous preterm birth, than women who do not use marijuana.
Key Points
Eye movements in vocabulary research
Authors: Pellicer-Sánchez Ana , Siyanova-Chanturia Anna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The field of vocabulary research is witnessing a growing interest in the use of eye-tracking to investigate topics that have traditionally been examined using offline measures, providing new insights into the processing and learning of vocabulary. During an eye-tracking experiment, participants’ eye movements are recorded while they attend to written or auditory input, resulting in a rich record of online processing behaviour. Because of its many benefits, eye-tracking is becoming a major research technique in vocabulary research. However, before this emerging trend of eye-tracking based vocabulary research continues to proliferate, it is important to step back and reflect on what current studies have shown about the processing and learning of vocabulary, and the ways in which we can use the technique in future research. To this aim, the present chapter provides a comprehensive overview of current eye-tracking research findings, both in terms of the processing and learning of single words and formulaic sequences. Current research gaps and potential avenues for future research are also discussed.
Re-examining the effects of word writing on vocabulary learning
Authors: Webb Stuart , Piasecki Anna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of word writing on vocabulary learning by comparing three conditions in which there was (a) limited time to write words, (b) unlimited time to write words, and (c) a non-writing word-picture pairs comparison. Non-native speakers studying English as a second language encountered 8 word-picture pairs in each condition and were administered a test measuring form recall and another measuring receptive knowledge of written form. The results indicated that there was little difference between scores on both tests when time on task was the same. However, when the participants had as much time as they needed to write and learn words, they had higher scores on both dependent measures than when learning in the other two conditions. The findings suggest that an ecologically valid approach to word writing may facilitate vocabulary learning.
The effect of out-of-class exposure to English language media on learners’ vocabulary knowledge
Authors: Peters Elke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate (1) how often Flemish English-as-a-foreign language learners are exposed to English language media outside of the classroom, (2) whether current out-of-class exposure to English language media is related to learners’ vocabulary knowledge, and (3) whether length of instruction (three or six years), gender, and out-of-class exposure to English language media affect Flemish learners’ vocabulary. Data were collected with 79 English-as-a-foreign language learners. They were administered a frequency-based vocabulary test and a questionnaire. The findings of this study show that Flemish English-as-a-foreign language learners are frequently exposed to English language media. The results also indicate a positive relationship between learners’ vocabulary knowledge and exposure to non-subtitled TV programs and movies, the Internet, and written print (books, magazines). Finally, both length of instruction and current out-of-class exposure to English language media had an effect on learners’ vocabulary knowledge, but out-of-class exposure had a larger effect than length of instruction.