bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le cactus Opuntia tuna (L.) Mill. et ses formes dâ€™usage dans la zone des Niayes au SÃ©nÃ©gal
Authors: Sarr Mame Sokhna , Gning Maimouna , Sanogo Diaminatou , TourÃ© Katim , Sambou Bienvenu , Dieye Mouhamadou , Ba MariÃ¨me Fall , Dieng Moussa , Mbaye Tamsir , Diallo Adja Madjiguene 
Published: July 2020

Opuntia tuna est une espÃ¨ce bien adaptÃ©e dans la zone des Niayes au SÃ©nÃ©gal. Sa prolifÃ©ration assez rapide est due en partie Ã une sous exploitation suscitant ainsi un envahissement de quelques espaces agropastoraux. Dans une perspective de valorisation et de meilleure gestion de lâ€™espÃ¨ce, cette prÃ©sente Ã©tude a Ã©tÃ© conduite pour comprendre les formes dâ€™usages et de gestion de la plante par les populations locales afin de la promouvoir pour renforcer leur rÃ©silience. Lâ€™Ã©tude a portÃ© sur cinq villages de la zone nord des Niayes auprÃ¨s de petits exploitants de maraichers. Des enquÃªtes qualitatives par entretiens et groupes de discussion ont Ã©tÃ© conduites. Elles ont portÃ© sur le niveau de connaissance, les pratiques et usages connus du cactus, les contraintes liÃ©es Ã sa prÃ©sence, les solutions adoptÃ©es ou envisagÃ©es et le niveau de perception sur sa valorisation. Les rÃ©sultats ont rÃ©vÃ©lÃ© de nombreux usages de la plante et de ses produits. Plus de la moitiÃ© des personnes enquÃªtÃ©es utilise le cactus dans le domaine agricole. Lâ€™Ã©levage, la pharmacopÃ©e et lâ€™alimentation sont dâ€™autres secteurs Ã©galement concernÃ©s par lâ€™usage du cactus. Les analyses ont montrÃ© que la plupart des personnes enquÃªtÃ©es (94%) admettent un degrÃ© dâ€™envahissement trÃ¨s Ã©levÃ© de Opuntia tuna. Le niveau dâ€™envahissement pourrait Ãªtre liÃ©e Ã la zoochorie selon 38% des hommes et 33% des femmes. La bonne adaptation de lâ€™espÃ¨ce dans la zone serait Ã©galement un facteur de prolifÃ©ration selon 33% des hommes et 23 % des femmes. Afin de pallier la prolifÃ©ration rapide du cactus les maraichers ont dÃ©veloppÃ© des stratÃ©gies de gestion telles que le brulis, la coupe et le dessouchage. Une meilleure gestion de cette espÃ¨ce qui prÃ©sente de nombreux usages pour les maraichers de la zone des Niayes est nÃ©cessaire. De tels usages de lâ€™espÃ¨ce, valorisÃ©s davantage pourrait contribuer de faÃ§on significative Ã la diversification des sources de revenus des communautÃ©s locales et au dÃ©veloppement durable de la zone des Niayes.
Des Transformations du Paysannat Africain Ã la Nouvelle Configuration des Rapports Villes-Campagnes au Cameroun
Authors: Datidjo IsmaÃ¯la , Ndoki DÃ©sirÃ© , Nana Claudin Karim 
Published: July 2020

Sans Ã©chapper Ã la force transformatrice qui affecte toutes les sociÃ©tÃ©s au monde, lâ€™univers paysan africain et notamment celui camerounais est sans doute soumis Ã une transmutation qui lui confÃ¨re un aspect nouveau. Il est transformÃ© sous lâ€™impulsion paysanne, de mÃªme que sous lâ€™influence des mutations urbaines et par extension mondiales. Les rÃ©percussions de ces mutations se transposent dans les Ã©conomies villageoises au point de marquer les relations que les paysans entretiennent avec les citadins. HÃ©ritier dâ€™une tradition agricole ancienne Ã forte prÃ©dominance culturale lÃ©guÃ©e par les aÃ¯euls, le paysannat africain en gÃ©nÃ©ral et camerounais dans une moindre mesure, se prÃ©sente aujourdâ€™hui sous une forme alliant Ã la fois les acquis ancestraux et les faits relativement nouveaux issus des pÃ©riodes coloniales et postcoloniales. Cet article se veut une rÃ©flexion portÃ©e sur le dynamisme que connait le monde paysan avec lâ€™incursion coloniale et surtout lâ€™accÃ©lÃ©ration du processus de mondialisation qui Ã©voque concomitamment continuitÃ© et rupture au sein des sociÃ©tÃ©s villageoises tiraillÃ©es entre traditions locales et innovations. Il sâ€™agit dâ€™apprÃ©hender la nouvelle identitÃ© du paysan camerounais soumis Ã la fois aux rÃ©alitÃ©s dâ€™une origine ancienne et Ã la modernitÃ© Ã partir des connexions villes-campagnes telles quâ€™elles se prÃ©sentent aujourdâ€™hui.
Without escaping the transforming force that affects all societies in the world, the African peasant world, and particularly that of Cameroon, is undoubtedly undergoing a transmutation which gives it a new look. It is transformed under the peasant impulse, as well as under the influence of urban and global changes. The repercussions of these changes are being transposed into village economies to the extent that they are having an impact on the relationship between farmers and city dwellers. Inheritor of an ancient agricultural tradition with strong cultural predominance bequeathed by the ancestors, the African peasantry in general and Cameroonian peasantry to a lesser extent, is today presented in a form that combines both ancestral achievements and relatively new developments from the colonial and postcolonial periods. This article aims to reflect on the dynamism that the peasant world is experiencing as a result of the colonial incursion and, above all, the acceleration of the globalization process, which at the same time evokes continuity and rupture within village societies torn between local traditions and innovations. It is a question of apprehending the new identity of the Cameroonian peasant subjected both to the realities of an ancient origin and to modernity from the urban-rural connections such as they appear today.
Processus dâ€™intÃ©gration des migrants Mbororo Ã lâ€™Ã©conomie urbaine : cas de Bafoussam et Dschang (Ouest-Cameroun)
Authors: Kamwa Linda Pamela Kamgne , Tsalefac Maurice 
Published: July 2020

PrÃ©sents sur la quasi-totalitÃ© du territoire camerounais, les Mbororo sont un peuple dâ€™Ã©leveurs semi-nomades qui rÃ©sident principalement en zone rurale. Cependant, leur espace vital traditionnel Ã©tant de plus en plus saturÃ© (multiplication des hommes et par lÃ rÃ©duction de lâ€™espace pastoral) et en proie Ã des conflits, ils sont nombreux qui migrent pour la ville oÃ¹ ils se sÃ©dentarisent. Lâ€™objectif de cette Ã©tude est de prÃ©senter le processus dâ€™intÃ©gration des migrants Mbororo Ã lâ€™Ã©conomie urbaine Ã Bafoussam et Ã Dschang. Des enquÃªtes ont Ã©tÃ© menÃ©es auprÃ¨s de 270 Mbororo dans la ville de Bafoussam et 230 dans la ville de Dschang. Elles ont Ã©tÃ© conduites Ã lâ€™aide de questionnaires individuels. Les rÃ©sultats montrent que nombreux sont les Mbororo qui se lancent dans le secteur informel, principalement dans le commerce, ceci Ã cause de la sous-scolarisation, du frein de la langue, de lâ€™absence de qualification professionnelle et de financement. Ilse met en place afin de faciliter cette intÃ©gration des processus de sÃ©dentarisation qui passent par lâ€™auto-emploi, lâ€™entraide familiale et les candidatures spontanÃ©es. Pour simplifier le processus de sÃ©dentarisation dans les activitÃ©s urbaines de ce peuple rural, il sâ€™avÃ¨re impÃ©ratif davantage vulgariser les formations acadÃ©mique et professionnelle (en campagne et en ville) et enfin, faciliter et simplifier les emprunts bancaires par toutes les couches sociales, pour permettre plus dâ€™auto-emplois et par lÃ la crÃ©ation dâ€™emplois.
Present on almost all the Cameroonian territory, Mbororos are a people of semi-nomadic breeders who live mainly in rural areas. However, their traditional living space being more and more saturated (multiplication of men and thereby reduction of pastoral space) and in the grip of conflicts, many of them migrate to the city where they settle down. The objective of this study is to present the integrating process of Mbororo migrants into the urban economy in Bafoussam and Dschang. Surveys were conducted with 270 Mbororos in the city of Bafoussam and 230 in the city of Dschang. They were conducted using individual questionnaires. The results show that many Mbororos enter into the informal sector, mainly into trade, because of under-education, language barrier, lack of professional qualification and funding. Sedentarisation processes which include self-employment, family support and spontaneous applications are being put in place to facilitate this integration. To simplify the sedentarisation process in the urban activities of this rural people, it is imperative to put more emphasis on the importance of schooling, to encourage various professional training and finally to grant and simplify access to funding, to allow more self-employment and thereby job creation.
Multi Level Marketing dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam (Studi Fatwa DSN-MUI NOMOR: 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009 Tentang Pedoman Penjualan Langsung Berjenjang Syariah)
Authors: Nurhisam Luqman 
Published: July 2020

<p>Bisnis <em>Multi Level Marketing </em>(MLM) kian hari makin berkembang, bahkan muncul MLM yang berbasis syari’ah. Perusahaan yang berbasis syari’ah diwajibkan memenuhi janji atau komitmennya. Hal ini sesuai dengan ajaran Islam, secara realitas, kini perusahan MLM sudah banyak tumbuh di dalam maupun luar negeri. Contohnya adalah Ahad Net, UFO BKB Syariah, Exer, Mitra Permata Haji, dan K-Link Indonesia yang menjalankan prinsip syari’ah dan memperoleh sertifikat halal dari DSN-MUI, sebagaimana yang difatwakan dalam Nomor: 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009.</p><p>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa kebolehan dari mekanisme <em>Multi Level Marketing</em> dengan menggunakan kerangka hukum Islam merujuk pada Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor: 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah <em>library research,</em> dengan analisa deskriptif-kualitatif. Hasil dalam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa <em>Multi Level Marketing </em>yang mana telah dipraktekkan oleh masyarakat sebagaimana yang difatwakan oleh DSN-MUI Nomor: 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009 tentang Pedoman Penjualan Langsung Berjenjang Syariah hukumnya adalah boleh, dengan merujuk kepada hadis-hadis yang diuraikan sebelumnya bahwasanya dapat dijadikan sebagai <em>hujjah</em> atau pedoman hukum dan segala kegiatan bisnis yang menggunakan pedoman penjualan berjenjang diharuskan memenuhi berbagai ketentuan-ketentuan sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor: 75/DSN-MUI/VII/2009. DSN-MUI menggunakan dalil-dalil tersebut adalah sebagai landasan secara umum, karena tidak ada dalil yang spesifik terkait dengan <em>Multi Level Marketing</em>.</p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci: Multi Level Marketing, MLM, fatwa DSN-MUI</em></strong></p>
Reimbursement Penalties and 30-Day Readmissions Following Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Hollenbeak Christopher S. , Spencer Maureen , Schilling Amber L. , Kirschman David , Warye Kathy L. , Parvizi Javad 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act created the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) and the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program (HACRP). Under these programs, hospitals face reimbursement reductions for having high rates of readmission and hospital-acquired conditions. This study investigated whether readmission following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) under the HRRP was associated with reimbursement penalties under the HACRP.

Methods:
Hospital-level data on hospital-acquired conditions, readmissions, and financial penalties were obtained from Definitive Healthcare. Outcomes included receipt of an HACRP penalty and the associated losses in revenue in 2018. Logistic regression and linear regression models were used to determine whether the all-cause, 30-day readmission rate following TJA was associated with the receipt or magnitude of an HACRP penalty.

Results:
Among 2,135 private, acute care hospitals, 477 (22.3%) received an HACRP penalty. After controlling for other patient and hospital characteristics, hospitals with a 30-day readmission rate of >3% after TJA had over twice the odds of receiving an HACRP penalty (odds ratio, 2.20; p = 0.043). In addition, hospitals with a readmission rate of >3% after TJA incurred $77,519 more in revenue losses due to HACRP penalties (p = 0.011). These effects were magnified in higher-volume hospitals.

Conclusions:
Acute care hospitals in the United States with higher 30-day readmission rates following TJA are more likely to be penalized and to have greater revenue losses under the HACRP than hospitals with lower readmission rates after TJA. This strengthens the incentive to invest in the prevention of readmissions after TJA, for example, through greater efforts to reduce surgical site infections and other modifiable risk factors.
WITHDRAWN: Tripartite Motif Containing 37 Activates the Wnt/β-catenin Signalling Pathway and Confers Cisplatin Resistance to Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jin xin , Ding Dapeng , LIU FEIYE , Chen Yizhi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence shows that the deregulation of tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins have various functions in cellular processes and play important role in innate immunity, nervous system diseases, protein quality control and carcinogenesis. However, the precise biological function and molecular mechanism of TRIM family proteins in ovarian cancer chemo-resistance remain unclear.
Methods
The protein and mRNA expression of TRIM37 in ovarian cancer cell lines and patient tissues were determined using Real-time PCR and Western blot and IHC respectively. Functional assays, such as MTT, FACS, and Tunel assay used to determine the oncogenic role of TRIM37 in human ovarian cancer progression. Furthermore, western blotting and luciferase assay were used to determine the mechanism of TRIM37 promotes chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells.
Results
Herein, we found that the protein and mRNA expression of TRIM37 were markedly overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissues which shown partially responded to cisplatin chemotherapy. Moreover, TRIM37 expression was inversely correlated with patient survival in our cohort HCC tissue samples and public HCC database. Overexpression of TRIM37 confers cisplatin resistance on ovarian cancer cells; but, inhibition of TRIM37 sensitized ovarian cancer cell lines to cisplatin cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, TRIM37 upregulated the levels of nuclear β-catenin, thereby activating canonical wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Conclusions
our results demonstrate that targeting TRIM37/β-catenin axis may represent a promising strategy to enhance cisplatin response in patients with chemo-resistant ovarian cancer.
Enzasataurin Enhances ATRA-induced Differentiation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Li Ze-yi , Liang Cui , Ding Ming , Weng Xiang-qin , Sheng yan , Wu Jing , Lu Hao , cai xun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is considered to be the sole clinically useful differentiating agent in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, it has been effective only in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) but not other subtypes of AML. Therefore, finding strategies to sensitize cells to ATRA may develop ATRA-based therapy in the treatment of non-APL AML patients.
Methods

Cell proliferation was assessed by cell growth. Cell death was evaluated by cell viability and Annexin-V assay. Cell differentiation was analyzed by CD11b expression and morphology. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we studied the role of PKCβ, MEK, ERK, AKT, PU.1, C/EBPβ and C/EBPε by Western-blotting analysis.
Results

In this study, a clinically achievable concentration of enzastaurin enhanced ATRA-induced differentiation of AML cell lines, HL-60 and U937 as well as non-APL AML primary cells, while it also restored ATRA sensitivity in ATRA-resistant cell line, HL-60Res. Mechanistically, in all these cell lines, enzastaurin-ATRA (enz-ATRA) enhanced the protein levels of PU.1, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and C/EBPε. The activity of protein kinase C β (PKCβ) was suppressed by enz-ATRA treatment in HL-60 and HL-60Res cells. However, another PKCβ-selective inhibitor mimicked the cellular and molecular effects of enzastaurin only in HL-60 cells. Only in U937 cells, enz-ATRA activated MEK and ERK, and a MEK specific inhibitor suppressed enz-ATRA-triggered differentiation and reduced the protein levels of PU.1, C/EBPβ and C/EBPε. Enz-ATRA activated Akt in HL-60 and HL-60Res cells. However, an Akt inhibitor blocked enz-ATRA-triggered differentiation and restored the protein levels of PU.1, C/EBPβ and C/EBPε only in HL-60Res cells. Therefore, PKCβ inhibition, MEK/ERK and Akt activation are involved in enz-ATRA-induced differentiation in HL-60, U937 and HL-60Res cells, respectively by modulation of the protein levels of C/EBPβ, C/EBPε and PU.1.
Conclusions

Enzastaurin, at the clinically achievable concentration, enhances ATRA-induced differentiation of AML cells by PKCβ inhibition, MEK/ERK and Akt activation. This study may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for AML patients.
Resting Energy Expenditure Guided Intervention for Gestational Weight Gain in Obese and Overweight Women
Authors: Zhao Xiuling , Ma Wei , Zhang Caixia , Xu Pili , Zhang Chunmei , Jiang Shan , Gaudet Laura , Gao Jie , Wen Shi Wu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThere is sparse in the literature on resting energy expenditure guided intervention to manage gestational weight gain in obese and overweight women. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in Beijing, China between May 1, 2017 and April 30, 2018. Obese/overweight women who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at LuHe hospital of Capital Medical University, a tertiary care facility in Beijing, China, for their routine prenatal care at 10-13 weeks of gestation during the study period were recruited into the study after written consent was obtained. Pregnant women who took steroid medication or who were diagnosed with thyroid disease or affected by pre-pregnant diabetes mellitus or for other reasons could not participate in the study assessments were excluded. Women who were recruited between May 1, 2017 and November 30, 2017 were the designated control group with diet recommendation based on pre-pregnancy body mass index and ideal weight, without resting energy expenditure monitoring. Women who were recruited between December 1, 2017 and April 30, 2018 were the intervention group, with resting energy expenditure guided diet recommendation to manage gestational weight gain. Gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes between the two groups were compared.ResultsA total of 53 eligible women (32 in intervention group and 21 in control group) were recruited and included in the final analysis. There was no difference in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between the two groups. Gestational weight gain (GWG) in the intervention group (13.45±4.16 Kg) was lower than in the control group (18.20±4.84 Kg). Rate of excess GWG in the intervention group (37.59%) was also lower than in the control group (66.67%). The REE in women of the intervention group with excess GWG increased faster than women with appropriate GWG during pregnancy, especially from 1st trimester to 2nd trimester. Rate of macrosomia in the intervention group (3.12%) was lower than in the control group (19.05%). There was no fetal growth restriction observed in either group. Conclusion: Resting energy expenditure guided nutrition intervention during pregnancy may lower GWG and lower incidence of macrosomia, with no apparent impact on fetal growth restriction. Future studies with larger sample size and randomized controlled trial design are needed to confirm findings from this small-scale study.
Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern of Post-Operative Wound Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Western Nepal
Authors: Khatiwada Sulochana , Acharya Susma , Poudel Rajesh , Raut Shristi , Khanal Rita , Karna Subhash Lal , Poudel Anuj 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) is one of the most common postoperative complications and cause significant postoperative morbidity, mortality, prolong hospital stay and increase in hospital cost. The condition is serious in developing countries like Nepal owing to irrational prescriptions of antimicrobial agent. SSIs in those countries rates from 2.5% to 41.9%. This study was performed to find the common organisms causing surgical site infections and their antibiotics sensitivity pattern in a tertiary care hospital, western Nepal.Materials and methods: Pus or swab samples collected from suspected post- operative wound infections and submitted for culture and sensitivity in the Department of Microbiology were included in this study. Isolation and identification of the organisms was done as recommended by American society of microbiology (ASM). Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guideline.Results: Out of 152 pus and swab samples processed for culture, (64.5%) showed culture positivity. In total isolates (65.7%) were Gram negative bacteria and (34.3%) Gram positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (23.9%) was the predominant Gram positive isolate and Escherichia coli (18%) was the major Gram negative isolate. S. aureus showed (100%) sensitivity towards Linezolid and (94.4%) towards Vancomycin. Among commonly used antibiotics for Gram positive bacteria Penicillin (94.4%), Erythromycin (80.5%) were highly resistant. Sixty percent of Staphylococcus aureus isolated showed methicillin resistant (MRSA). Gram negative bacteria showed (100%) sensitivity towards the Colistin sulphate and Polymyxin B and were highly resistant towards Ampicillin (98.2%), Cefexime (87.3%), Ceftriaxone (87.3%) and other commonly used antibiotics. Overall multi-drug resistance was found in (89.5%) isolates. Among Gram negative bacterial isolates (23.1%) were MBL producer and (21.7%) were ESBL producer.Conclusion: Culture positivity in suspected case of SSIs was high (65.1%). Staphylococcus aureus was the common causative agent of SSIs. Bacteria showed more than 50% resistance towards commonly used antibiotics. So for the selection of appropriate antibiotic for better treatment of patients, culture and sensitivity should be done in every suspected case of SSIs.
The Association of Wolbachia on the Gene Expression in Drosophila Adult Testis
Authors: Dou Wei-Hao , Xiao Jin-Hua , Huang Da-Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Wolbachia is a type of intracellular symbiotic bacteria widely distributed in arthropods including most insects and nematodes. These maternally inherited bacteria can regulate the host's reproductive system in various ways for their own vertical transmission. Since the identification of Wolbachia in many insects, the relationship between Wolbachia and host has attracted great interest. Wolbachia must rely on the host cells to survive, and they can also improve the fitness of the host through a variety of ways. However, the molecular basis of interaction between Wolbachia and their host has not been well resolved so far. Results: We performed transcriptome sequencing on testis tissues of adults of Wolbachia-infected and Wolbachia-free Drosophila melanogaster. Comparison of gene expression profiles revealed 471 significantly differentially expressed genes that involved in cell metabolism, cell membrane component correlation and hydrolysis process.Conclusions: Our results show that lipid and carbohydrate metabolism are more active in Wolbachia-infected testis than in Wolbachia free testis. This work strengthens our general understanding of the Wolbachia-host intracellular relationship and may provide a new perspective for Wolbachia-mediated virus-blocking.