bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing an Australian multi-module clinical quality registry for gynaecological cancers: a protocol paper
Authors: Heriot Natalie , Brand Alison , Cohen Paul , Hegarty Sue , Hyde Simon , Leung Yee , Zalcberg John R , Rome Robert 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionGynaecological cancers collectively account for almost 10% of cancer diagnoses made in Australian women. The extent of variation in gynaecological cancer survival rates and treatment outcomes across Australia is not well documented. The purpose of the clinical quality registry described in this paper is to systematically monitor and improve quality of care provided to these women, and facilitate clinical process improvements to ensure better patient outcomes and greater adherence to best practice care. The registry infrastructure has been developed in conjunction alongside the inaugural ovarian, tubal and peritoneal (OTP) module, allowing for concurrent piloting of the methodology and one module. Additional tumour modules will be developed in time to cover the other gynaecological tumour types.Method and analysisThe National Gynae-Oncology Registry (NGOR) aims to capture clinical data on all newly diagnosed cancers of the uterus, ovary, fallopian tubes, peritoneum, cervix, vulva and vagina in Australia with a view to using these data to support improved clinical care and increased adherence to ‘best practice’. Data are sourced from existing clinical databases maintained by clinicians and/or hospital gynaecological cancer units. A pilot phase incorporating only OTP cancers has recently been conducted to assess the feasibility of the registry methodology and assess the support of a quality initiative of this nature among clinicians and other key stakeholders.Ethics and disseminationThe NGOR has received National Mutual Acceptance (NMA) ethics approval from Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC), NMA HREC Reference Number: HREC/17/MonH/198. We also have approval from Mercy Health HREC and University of Tasmania HREC. Data will be routinely reported back to participating sites illustrating their performance against measures of agreed best practice. It is through this feedback system that the registry will support changes to quality of care and improved patient outcomes.
Incidence, risk factors and outcome of young patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Jortveit Jarle , Pripp Are Hugo , Langørgen Jørund , Halvorsen Sigrun 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe decline in the incidence and mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been less among younger compared with older individuals. The aim of this nationwide study was to assess the current incidence, risk factors and outcome of AMI in patients <45 years of age.MethodsAll patients ≤80 years of age registered in the Norwegian Myocardial Infarction Register in 2013–2016 were included in this observational, nationwide cohort study. Follow-up was conducted through linkage with the Norwegian Patient Registry through 2017.ResultsAmong a total of 33 439 patients ≤80 years with AMI, 1468 (4.4%) were <45 years old. The incidence of AMI was 2.1 per 100 000 person-years in people aged 20–29 years, 16.9 in people aged 30–39 years and 97.6 in people aged 40–49 years. Compared with older patients, patients <45 years were more likely to be male (81%), current smokers (56%), obese (30%) and have a family history of premature AMI (44%), and their low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were higher. Patients <45 years were more likely to have non-obstructive coronary artery disease (14% vs 10%, p<0.001) compared with older patients. During a median follow-up time of 2.4 years, 135 (9%) patients <45 years experienced a new AMI, stroke or death, and 58 (4%) patients died.ConclusionsThe rate of AMI was low in people <45 years old in Norway, but almost one in ten patients with AMI <45 years old died or experienced a new cardiovascular event during follow-up. Increased efforts to improve risk factor control in these patients are warranted.
ARID1Aalterations function as a biomarker for longer progression-free survival after anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy
Authors: Okamura Ryosuke , Kato Shumei , Lee Suzanna , Jimenez Rebecca E , Sicklick Jason K , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundSeveral cancer types harbor alterations in the gene encoding AT-Rich Interactive Domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A), but there are no approved therapies to address these alterations. Recent studies have shown thatARID1Adeficiency compromises mismatch repair proteins. Herein, we analyzed 3403 patients who had tumor tissue next-generation sequencing.FindingsAmong nine cancer subtypes with >5% prevalence ofARID1Aalterations, microsatellite instability-high as well as high tumor mutational burden was significantly more frequent inARID1A-altered versusARID1Awild-type tumors (20% vs 0.9%, p<0.001; and 26% vs 8.4%, p<0.001, respectively). Median progression-free survival (PFS) after checkpoint blockade immunotherapy was significantly longer in the patients withARID1A-altered tumors (n=46) than in those withARID1Awild-type tumors (n=329) (11 months vs 4 months, p=0.006). Also, multivariate analysis showed thatARID1Aalterations predicted longer PFS after checkpoint blockade (HR (95% CI), 0.61 (0.39 to 0.94), p=0.02) and this result was independent of microsatellite instability or mutational burden; median overall survival time was also longer inARID1A-altered versus wild-type tumors (31 months vs 20 months), but did not reach statistical significance (p=0.13).ConclusionsOur findings suggest thatARID1Aalterations merit further exploration as a novel biomarker correlating with better outcomes after checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
Syrian Civil War: a systematic review of trauma casualty epidemiology
Authors: McIntyre Joshua 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe Syrian Civil War has caused over 400 000 traumatic deaths. Understanding the nature of war casualties is crucial to deliver healthcare improvement. Historic regional conflicts and Syrian mortality data have been characterised by blast injuries. The aim of this novel review is to assess the trauma epidemiology of Syrian Civil War casualties from the perspective of healthcare facilities.MethodsThis review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. Studies addressing Syria, trauma and war were investigated. Eligibility criteria included being conducted from a healthcare facility, published in English and peer reviewed. The outcomes were demography, mechanism of injury and anatomical injury site.Results38 papers satisfied the eligibility criteria. 13 842 casualties were reported across the entire data set. Casualties were 88.8% male (n=4035 of 4544). Children contributed to 16.1% of cases (n=398 of 2469). Mortality rate was 8.6% (n=412 of 4774). Gunshot wound was the most common mechanism of injury representing 66.3% (n=7825 of 11799). Head injury was the most common injured site at 26.6% (n=719 of 2701).ConclusionsThis conflict has a distinct trauma profile compared with regional modern wars. The prevalence of gunshot wounds represents a marked change in mechanism of injury. This may be related to higher mortality rate and proportion of head injuries identified. This review cannot correlate mechanism of injury, demographics or injuries sustained to outcomes. The quality of data from the included studies lacked standardisation; future research and consistent reporting tools are required to enable further analysis.
Analysis of cases managed by dermatological service in the Chinese peacekeeping level 1+ medical treatment facility in Lebanon, 2018–2019
Authors: Wang Xingwang , Yang H , Wang Yuqing , Yuan Jin , Yu Qinghua 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionTo accomplish the peacekeeping mission in Lebanon, China has deployed a level 1+ (CHN L1+) medical treatment facility (MTF) as per the new memorandum. The aim of this study was to review and analyse the skin diseases managed by Chinese dermatological service so as to gain the latest prevalence of different types of skin diseases in this mission area.MethodsAll patients assessed and treated by the dermatological service of CHN L1+ MTF from January 2018 to May 2019 were included. A comparative analysis was made between this study and data published by other peacekeeping medical facilities.ResultsA total of 549 patients were included (87.4% men, with an average age of 35 years old), consisting of 399 military personnel and 150 civilians. Dermatitis and eczema (27.1%) were the most common category of skin diseases, followed by cutaneous mycoses (13.3%) and disorders of skin appendages (10.6%). Among these categories, unspecified dermatitis (9.3%), acne vulgaris (6.6%), tinea corporis (5.3%), folliculitis (5.1%) and tinea pedis (4.7%) were the top five most common reasons for dermatological consultation.ConclusionsTo get a clearer understanding of the disease-type profile in this mission area was beneficial for peacekeeping doctors to make more accurate diagnosis, as well as to prepare more comprehensive medicines during the predeployment period. As dermatological service was lacking in basic medical troops, we would recommend the use of telemedicine to promote dermatological consultations when a specialist was not deployed.
Effects of inhomogeneous laser field in time and space on the generation of broad spectral continuum and ultrashort attosecond pulse
Authors: Liu H. , Feng L. Q. , Sani R. M. 
Published: February 2020

The inhomogeneous effects of laser field in time and space on the generations of high-order harmonic spectra and attosecond pulses from He atom have been investigated with the assistance of the frequency-chirping technique and the metallic nanostructure. We find that in different combinations of chirps and spatial inhomogeneous effects, not only can the harmonic cutoff be extended, but the single harmonic emission peak (HEP) can also be selected to contribute to the spectral continuum. In detail, with the combinations of (i) symmetric chirp in frequency and positive inhomogeneous effect in space or (ii) asymmetric down chirp in frequency and negative inhomogeneous effect in space, two broad spectral continua with bandwidths of 496 eV and 480 eV can be obtained. Further, by properly adding IR or UV controlling pulse, the harmonic emission efficiency can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. The enhancement of harmonic yield from adding UV pulse is higher than that from adding IR pulse. Moreover, the difference of harmonic enhancement between UV combined field and IR combined field is much more obvious at lower controlling laser intensity. Through analyzing the ionization probability, we find that the higher enhancement of harmonic yield from UV combined field is because of UV-resonance-enhancement-ionization between the ground state and the excited state of He atom. Finally, by properly superposing some harmonics, a number of attosecond pulses with pulse durations of 45 as can be obtained.
The local extinction and the nonlinear behaviors of a premixed methane/air flame under low-frequency acoustic excitation
Authors: Sun Yongchao , Sun Mingbo , Zhu Jiajian , Xie Yang , Wang Hongbo , Wan Minggang , Chen Yong 
Published: February 2020

The local extinction and the nonlinear behavior of a premixed methane/air flame under acoustic excitation are investigated experimentally. High-speed photography and high-speed schlieren imaging are used to investigate the oscillation characteristics of the premixed methane/air flame. The flame structure shows a periodic fluctuation when the acoustic excitation is performed to the flame. The local flame extinction can be observed during the flame evolution process. During the local flame extinction process, the flame is found to be cut into two components, then the downstream one extinguishes shortly. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) results suggest that the lower velocity at the separation point is one of the reasons for the flame local extinction. The flame without the acoustic excitation oscillates with a dominant frequency of 18 Hz, which is shown by the schlieren images to be related to the evolution of the hot gas around the flame driven by the buoyant force. When the acoustic excitation frequency is 100 Hz, the structure of the hot gas is destroyed, meanwhile the amplitude of the nature frequency decreases significantly. The hot gas structure appears regularly with the increasing excitation frequency. As a result, the amplitude of the nature frequency also increases gradually. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis shows that the dominant frequency of the flame without the acoustic excitation is mainly caused by the evolution of the production zone of the flame and the fluctuation of the flame tip. The evolution of the production zone is driven by the buoyant force, which indicates that the result from POD method is consistent with the conclusion obtained from the high-speed schlieren images. Two dominant modes are obtained when the excitation frequencies are 100 and 200 Hz. The two modes are mainly caused by the process of the local flame extinction and the increasing flame length.
Community detection based on gravitational coefficient in collaboration network
Authors: Zhou Wen , Zhao Shuaiqin 
Published: February 2020

One important characteristic of complex networks is community structure. How to effectively divide the potential community structure of complex networks has been the focus of scholars because communities may have very different properties than the network. A community is usually defined as a collection of nodes with similar attributes. Generally, nodes in the same community are relatively densely connected to each other, compared with nodes from different communities. From the perspective of clustering, nodes in the same community can be considered as having higher similarities. Therefore, using graph clustering algorithms for community detection is theoretically feasible. Collaborative networks are special complex networks. A collaborative relationship tends to connect to multiple collaborators, which makes it hard to build collaborative networks by abstracting the collaboration into edges. Based on characteristics of the collaborative network, we expand the cluster similarity index and propose a gravitational coefficient index to measure the similarity of nodes and subsequently design community detection algorithms. Experiments using real datasets show that the proposed algorithm can obtain higher quality community partitioning results and avoid falling into local optimal solutions to obtain larger-scale communities than classical community detection algorithms.
Field experiment and analysis for free-space laser transmission characteristic in turbulent path based on MWIR and NIR
Authors: Wang Wei , Bai Zhaofeng , Xie Xiaoping , Mei Haiping , Zhao Wei 
Published: February 2020

It is hard to achieve low bit error rate (BER) and high-quality signals in free-space optical (FSO) communication systems due to atmospheric link interference. For the sake of seeking solutions, we proposed an experimental scheme of free-space laser communication based on middle-wave infrared (MWIR) and near infrared (NIR) for obtaining atmospheric transmission characteristic in 1 km turbulence path. Compared with NIR waveband, MWIR-based scheme is more suitable for atmospheric FSO communication since it owns higher anti-interference ability for atmospheric attenuation, turbulence and skylight background noise. The experimental results may offer a significant reference for FSO communication in atmosphere link.
Sandstone intrusions along different types of faults and their effect on fluid flow in siliciclastic reservoirs
Authors: Palladino G. , Alsop G. Ian , Grippa A. , Seers T. , Hurst A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The principle aim of this paper is to document well-preserved field examples of sandstone-filled faults in order to raise awareness of these poorly understood structures, and discuss their potential as fault seals within injection-prone, multilayered siliciclastic reservoirs. To achieve this goal, we have undertaken a detailed field survey in the Panoche and Tumey hills in Central California, which allowed us to recognize numerous faults filled with injected sand. In particular, sandstone-filled extensional, contractional and strike-slip faults are observed cutting the sandstone/mudstone successions. Sandstone-filled faults commonly display small offsets and apertures ranging from a few centimetres to some decimetres. Evidence of tectonic deformation is usually lacking, meaning that sand injection supported by overpressured fluids propped open the fault walls. In this paper we also describe the main mechanism leading to the emplacement of sand along a fault plane, and propose a predictive model of sandstone-filled fault distributions in different structural environments. Finally, we discuss the role of sandstone-filled faults, that although relatively small and not adding significant volume to the reservoirs, can markedly increase fluid transmissibility and thereby promote better reservoir connectivity.
Morphological, mineral and geochemical characterization of soil profiles in Meïganga as tools for rock weathering intensity and trend evaluation and residual ore deposit prospection in the mineralized domain of central Cameroon
Authors: Tchaptchet T. W. , Tematio P. , Guimapi T. N. , Happi E. , Tiomo I. , Momo N. M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

This paper focuses on the use of morphological, mineral and geochemical characterization of soil profiles to assess rocks weathering trends and intensity as tools for mineral prospection in Meïganga. To that effect, seven soil profiles developed on micaschist, orthogneiss, granite and quartzite vein were analysed. Macroscopic description of these soil profiles exhibited shallow weathered soils with thickness not exceeding 4 m. Minerals recorded in their weathering products were: quartz, 60.3–93.9%; kaolinite, 0.8–22.3%; phlogopite, 0.2–15.3%; goethite, 1.9–13.0%; hematite, 0.5–8.5%; halloysite, 0.2–4.6%; and smectite, 0.5–4.3%. Geochemically, SiO
2
contents globally decreased upward, while Al
2
O
3
, Fe
2
O
3
and TiO
2
contents increased. Alkaline and alkaline earths contents were almost completely leached. The total reserve in bases and Parker's weathering index (TRB, 416–11 mg kg
−1
; WIP, 56–4%) decreased upward, except in the soil profile associated with the quartzite veins (TRB, 2–100 mg kg
−1
; WIP, 0–29%). The chemical index of alterations were 5–92% with the index of lateritization 8–39% and the silica exportation ratio was greatly above 1 (
K
i
2–9). Trace elements in soil profiles were, in order of decreasing contents, S, Ba, Sr, Zr, Cr, V, Zn, Rb, Ni, Y, Sb, Cu, Pb, Li, Co, Ga, Nb, Th, Sc, Cs, Hf, Sn, U, Mo and W. Scandium, V, Cr, Sb, Cs and Pb were enriched, while S, Rb and Sr were depleted, and Ba, Zr, Zn, Ni, Y, Cu, Li, Co, Ga, Nb, Th, Hf, Sn, U, Mo and W showed complex behaviour. The most abundant rare earth elements (REEs) were, in order of decreasing contents, Ce (29–273 ppm), La (26–91 ppm), Nd (14–83 ppm) and Pr (4–22 ppm). Almost all the REEs were enriched in soil profiles with respect to parent material, and strongly fractionated, with fractionation intensity increasing from light to heavy REEs. The most significant useful elements identified were: refractory metals (Zr, Cr, V, Nb, Hf, Mo and W), semi-precious metal (Cu), non-precious unreactive metal (Sb) and actinide group element (U). Statistical analysis indicated that, in soil profiles, Nb, Mo, U, W and Hf had strong affinity with Al
2
O
3
; Mo, Cr, V, Zr, Hf and Sb had strong affinity with with Fe
2
O
3
; U, Hf and Sb had strong affinity with with P
2
O
3
; and Nb, Zr, V and Cr had strong affinity with with TiO
2
. Fe
2
O
3
, Al
2
O
3
and TiO
2
are respectively the greatest markers for Mo; Nb, Mo, W, Nb and U; and Nb, V and Cr prospection in soil profiles. The Clarke of concentrations of useful elements were: Sb, 60.00; Mo, 0.83–4.17; W, 1.60; Cr, 0.08–1.56; Nb, 0.60–1.55; U, 1.11–1.48; Hf, 1.33; V, 0.36–1.27; and Zr, 0.96. Exploitability concentrations for Cr and U in soil profiles varied respectively from 1.20 to 23.85% and from 0.15 to 0.20%.
Differences in Diagnostic Evaluation in Women and Men After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bruce Samuel S. , Merkler Alexander E. , Bassi Meenakshi , Chen Monica L. , Salehi Omran Setareh , Navi Babak B. , Kamel Hooman 
Published: February 2020

Background
Sex differences have been found in stroke risk factors, incidence, treatment, and outcomes. There are conflicting data on whether diagnostic evaluation for stroke may differ between men and women.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective cohort study using inpatient and outpatient claims between 2008 and 2016 from a nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries. We included patients ≥65 years old and hospitalized with ischemic stroke, defined by
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
(

ICD
‐9‐
CM

) and

ICD
‐10‐
CM

diagnosis codes. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between female sex and the odds of diagnostic testing and specialist evaluation, adjusted for age, race, and number of Charlson comorbidities. Among 78 822 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 58.3% (95%
CI
, 57.9–58.6%) were women. Female sex was associated with decreased odds of intracranial vessel imaging (odds ratio [
OR
]: 0.94; 95%
CI
, 0.91–0.97), extracranial vessel imaging (
OR:
0.89; 95%
CI
, 0.86–0.92), heart‐rhythm monitoring (
OR:
0.92; 95%
CI
, 0.87–0.98), echocardiography (
OR:
0.92; 95%
CI
, 0.89–0.95), evaluation by a neurologist (
OR:
0.94; 95%
CI
, 0.91–0.97), and evaluation by a vascular neurologist (
OR:
0.94; 95%
CI
, 0.90–0.97), after adjustment for age, race, and comorbidities. These findings were unchanged in separate sensitivity analyses excluding patients who died during the index hospitalization or were discharged to hospice and excluding patients with atrial fibrillation diagnosed before their index stroke.

Conclusions
In a nationally representative cohort of Medicare beneficiaries, we found that women with acute ischemic stroke were less likely to be evaluated by stroke specialists and less likely to undergo standard diagnostic testing compared with men.
A Compositional Neural Architecture for Language
Authors: Martin Andrea E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHierarchical structure and compositionality imbue human language with unparalleled expressive power and set it apart from other perception–action systems. However, neither formal nor neurobiological models account for how these defining computational properties might arise in a physiological system. I attempt to reconcile hierarchy and compositionality with principles from cell assembly computation in neuroscience; the result is an emerging theory of how the brain could convert distributed perceptual representations into hierarchical structures across multiple timescales while representing interpretable incremental stages of (de)compositional meaning. The model's architecture—a multidimensional coordinate system based on neurophysiological models of sensory processing—proposes that a manifold of neural trajectories encodes sensory, motor, and abstract linguistic states. Gain modulation, including inhibition, tunes the path in the manifold in accordance with behavior and is how latent structure is inferred. As a consequence, predictive information about upcoming sensory input during production and comprehension is available without a separate operation. The proposed processing mechanism is synthesized from current models of neural entrainment to speech, concepts from systems neuroscience and category theory, and a symbolic-connectionist computational model that uses time and rhythm to structure information. I build on evidence from cognitive neuroscience and computational modeling that suggests a formal and mechanistic alignment between structure building and neural oscillations, and moves toward unifying basic insights from linguistics and psycholinguistics with the currency of neural computation.