bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges to agriculture in the Russian Far East: lessons from crises
Authors: Zhupley I V , Potenko T A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article examines agriculture in the Russian Far East through the prism of recent crises. A comparative analysis of the indicators of food self-sufficiency in the Russian Federation and its macro-regions is carried out; forecast estimates of the level of their food self-sufficiency are predicted. In order to identify a group of commodity producers capable of overcoming the challenges that the agriculture in the Far East has faced, a factor model of the growth rate of agricultural production in the Far East is built, its adequacy is proven, and elasticity coefficients are calculated. The category of land users that should become a vector for overcoming the crisis in the region’s agricultural sector is determined.
Influence of bio-preparations and their multiplicity of application on stability of soybean yield in Amur region
Authors: Epifantsev V V , Panasyuk A N , Osipov Ya A , Vaitekhovich Yu A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents data on the influence of Borogum Mo and Phytosporin-M biopreparations on the yield and composition of oil soybean admixture in different meteorological conditions of Amur region. The experiment included options: Factor A (preparations) - 1. Without preparation (water); 2. Borogum Mo; 3. Phytosporin-M; 4. Borogum Mo + Phytosporin-M; Factor B (number of treatments) - 1. Without treatment. 2. One time. 3. Two times. 1. Factor B (number of treatments) - 1. The conducted researches have shown that the greatest yield of soybean sowing is provided on the average for two years at spraying of plants once in the end of June with Borogum-Mo and a mixture of Borogum-Mo + Phytosporin-M preparations - 2.87 t/ha. When Borogum-Mo is treated, the number of frost seeds decreases, and when treated with Phytosporin-M, the number of affected diseases decreases in comparison with control plots. According to the basic norm of oilseed admixture all used preparations provided the yield of pure soybean seeds.
Environmental disasters and public-opinion formation: A natural experiment
Authors: Böhmelt Tobias 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study leverages the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident as natural experiment to determine the causal impact environmental disasters may have on the formation of environmental public opinion. Using Eurobarometer data on more than 60,000 individuals’ attitudes toward environmental salience before and after the incident, I find that Fukushima had indeed a causal effect on whether people see the environment as a salient policy item. This impact is more strongly pronounced for what respondents think dominates the political agenda than for personal priorities. These results have important implications for the understanding of how public opinion about the environment is formed, and they have crucial consequences for the suspected link between policymaking and public opinion.
Finite index theorems for iterated Galois groups of unicritical polynomials
Authors: Bridy Andrew , Doyle John , Ghioca Dragos , Hsia Liang-Chung , Tucker Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Let

K
K

be the function field of a smooth irreducible curve defined over

Q
¯

\overline {Q}

. Let

f
∈
K
[
x
]

f\in K[x]

be of the form

f
(
x
)
=

x
q

+
c

f(x)=x^q+c

, where

q
=

p

r

,
r
≥
1
,

q = p^{r}, r \ge 1,

is a power of the prime number

p
p

, and let

β
∈

K
¯

\beta \in \overline {K}

. For all

n
∈

N

∪
{
∞
}

n\in \mathbb {N}\cup \{\infty \}

, the Galois groups

G
n

(
β
)
=

G
a
l

(
K
(

f

−
n

(
β
)
)

/

K
(
β
)
)

G_n(\beta )=\mathrm {Gal}(K(f^{-n}(\beta ))/K(\beta ))

embed into

[

C
q

]
n

[C_q]^n

, the

n
n

-fold wreath product of the cyclic group

C
q

C_q

. We show that if

f
f

is not isotrivial, then

[
[

C
q

]
∞

:

G
∞

(
β
)
]
>
∞

[[C_q]^\infty :G_\infty (\beta )]>\infty

unless

β
\beta

is postcritical or periodic. We are also able to prove that if

f
1

(
x
)
=

x
q

+

c
1

f_1(x)=x^q+c_1

and

f
2

(
x
)
=

x
q

+

c
2

f_2(x)=x^q+c_2

are two such distinct polynomials, then the fields

⋃

n
=
1

∞

K
(

f
1

−
n

(
β
)
)

\bigcup _{n=1}^\infty K(f_1^{-n}(\beta ))

and

⋃

n
=
1

∞

K
(

f
2

−
n

(
β
)
)

\bigcup _{n=1}^\infty K(f_2^{-n}(\beta ))

are disjoint over a finite extension of

K
K

.
Motivation for Physical Activity among U.S. Adolescents: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Nogg Kelsey A , Vaughn Allison A , Levy Susan S , Blashill Aaron J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPromoting adolescent physical activity is crucial as this marks a time when physical activity rates decline.PurposeThis study examined motivation for physical activity from a self-determination theory (SDT) perspective in a large sample of adolescents in the USA across three settings: in school, out of school, and on weekends.MethodsParticipants (N = 1,661) were adolescents from the National Cancer Institute’s Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating study. Participants had a mean age of 14.47 (standard deviation = 1.61) and were 50.2% female. In this national sample balanced to match the U.S. population on several key demographics, 64.2% were non-Hispanic White. Analyses included three linear regression models in which estimated weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in school, out of school, and on weekends were entered as dependent variables. Five forms of motivation (intrinsic, integrated, identified, introjected, and external) were entered simultaneously as independent variables. Age, body mass index, gender, and race/ethnicity were also included as covariates.ResultsAll models were significant. For MVPA in school, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, and intrinsic motivation were positively associated with MVPA. For MVPA out of school, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic motivation were positively associated with MVPA. For MVPA on weekends, integrated regulation, and intrinsic motivation were positively associated with MVPA.ConclusionsThe relationship between motivation and MVPA varies across settings. These findings have important implications for motivating adolescents to engage in physical activity and may inform future interventions aimed at increasing physical activity.
Challenges in gene-oriented approaches for pangenome content discovery
Authors: Bonnici Vincenzo , Maresi Emiliano , Giugno Rosalba 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGiven a group of genomes, represented as the sets of genes that belong to them, the discovery of the pangenomic content is based on the search of genetic homology among the genes for clustering them into families. Thus, pangenomic analyses investigate the membership of the families to the given genomes. This approach is referred to as the gene-oriented approach in contrast to other definitions of the problem that takes into account different genomic features. In the past years, several tools have been developed to discover and analyse pangenomic contents. Because of the hardness of the problem, each tool applies a different strategy for discovering the pangenomic content. This results in a differentiation of the performance of each tool that depends on the composition of the input genomes. This review reports the main analysis instruments provided by the current state of the art tools for the discovery of pangenomic contents. Moreover, unlike previous works, the presented study compares pangenomic tools from a methodological perspective, analysing the causes that lead a given methodology to outperform other tools. The analysis is performed by taking into account different bacterial populations, which are synthetically generated by changing evolutionary parameters. The benchmarks used to compare the pangenomic tools, in addition to the computational pipeline developed for this purpose, are available at https://github.com/InfOmics/pangenes-review. Contact: V. Bonnici, R. Giugno Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Briefings in Bioinformatics online.
ResiRole: residue-level functional site predictions to gauge the accuracies of protein structure prediction techniques
Authors: Toth Joshua M , DePietro Paul J , Haas Juergen , McLaughlin William A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Methods to assess the quality of protein structure models are needed for user applications. To aid with the selection of structure models and further inform the development of structure prediction techniques, we describe the ResiRole method for the assessment of the quality of structure models.

Results
Structure prediction techniques are ranked according to the results of round-robin, head-to-head comparisons using difference scores. Each difference score was defined as the absolute value of the cumulative probability for a functional site prediction made with the FEATURE program for the reference structure minus that for the structure model. Overall, the difference scores correlate well with other model quality metrics; and based on benchmarking studies with NaïveBLAST, they are found to detect additional local structural similarities between the structure models and reference structures.

Availabilityand implementation
Automated analyses of models addressed in CAMEO are available via the ResiRole server, URL http://protein.som.geisinger.edu/ResiRole/. Interactive analyses with user-provided models and reference structures are also enabled. Code is available at github.com/wamclaughlin/ResiRole.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Keynes: The Object of Hayek’s Passion?
Authors: de Sousa Filomena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The relationship between John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich Hayek is generally thought about in terms of polarity, while points of convergence between the two economist’s views have been scantily highlighted. This paper addresses the latter and provides an account—based on primary sources—of the transformative relationship between Keynes and Hayek, both intellectual and personal. My aim is to contribute to a better understanding of lesser-known affinities between the two economists.
A simple estimator for quantile panel data models using smoothed quantile regressions
Authors: Chen Liang , Huo Yulong 
Published: August 2020

Summary
This paper considers panel data models where the idiosyncratic errors are subject to conditonal quantile restrictions. We propose a two-step estimator based on smoothed quantile regressions that is easy to implement. The asymptotic distribution of the estimator is established, and the analytical expression of its asymptotic bias is derived. Building on these results, we show how to make asymptotically valid inference on the basis of both analytical and split-panel jackknife bias corrections. Finite-sample simulations are used to support our theoretical analysis and to illustrate the importance of bias correction in quantile regressions for panel data. Finally, in an empirical application, the proposed method is used to study the growth effects of foreign direct investment.
A case report of simultaneous His pacemaker implantation and atrioventricular junction ablation following unsuccessful treatment of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Grosse Meininghaus Dirk , Lengiewicz Martin , Blembel Kai , Kruells-Muench Juergen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Atrial fibrillation can contribute to heart failure. Frequently, rhythm control is unachievable. Atrioventricular (AV) junction ablation and pacemaker implantation remain to be a therapeutic option for rate control in atrial fibrillation. Interventricular asynchrony is a potential downside of right ventricular pacing. However, cardiac resynchronization therapy and His pacing restore physiological activation sequences of the ventricles.

Case summary
The reported patient had undergone several interventions to cure atrial fibrillation without sufficient rhythm control and experienced deleterious effects of recurrent arrhythmias. Finally, we decided to ablate the AV junction simultaneously with the implantation of a His bundle pacemaker. Atrioventricular junction ablation had to be repeated following conduction recurrence. A left-sided transaortic approach was required to create a permanent effect and to avoid distal lesions. His pacing was not affected by the AV junction ablation at all. The pre-existing widened QRS was normalized by His pacing, the patient became free of any complaints with full restoration of exertion capability.

Discussion
His pacing has the potential to contribute to a revival of the ‘ablate-and-pace’ concept for incurable atrial fibrillation by restoring physiological ventricular activation, thereby overcoming the particular drawbacks of continuous ventricular pacing. Atrioventricular junction ablation simultaneously with the pacemaker implantation procedure is safe and feasible. His pacing is at least an alternative for cardiac resynchronization therapy. The implantation procedure is sometimes challenging.
Gut microbiome adaptation to extreme cold winter in wild plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Yijie , Zhou Rui , Yu Qiaoling , Feng Tianshu , Li Huan 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a harsh environment characterized by low temperature, high altitude and hypoxia, although some native mammals may adapt well to the extreme climate. However, how animal gut microbial community structure and function adapt to extreme cold climates is not well understood. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is an ideal animal model with which to study the effects of climate change on host adaptation by studing intestinal microorganisms. Here, we used 16S rRNA sequencing technology combined with physiological methods to investigate plateau pika gut microbiota in summer and winter. Due to limited diet resources, the pikas in winter have a lower ability of degradation and fermentation for plant-based food (reduced cellulase activity and total short-chain fatty acids) by decreasing gut microbial diversity and some functional microbes, such as fiber-degrading bacteria Oscillospira and Treponema. Metagenomic prediction showed that most of those gene functions associated with metabolism (e.g. energy metabolism and lipid metabolism) were less abundant in winter, implying that the plateau pika slows diet fermentation and weakens energy requirements in the cold season. Our results have significance for explaining the mechanism of wild plateau mammals adapting to a high-altitude cold environment from the perspective of gut microbiome.
Plasma Ceramides and Risk of Impaired Lower-Extremity Function in Older Adults: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Caballero Francisco Félix , Struijk Ellen A , Buño Antonio , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando , Lopez-Garcia Esther 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Higher levels of ceramides have been linked to several chronic diseases; also there is emerging cross-sectional evidence that ceramides are associated with lower physical functioning. This research assessed for the first time the prospective relationship between ceramide species and impaired lower-extremity function (ILEF) in older adults.

Methods
Case–control study with 43 cases of ILEF and 86 age- and sex-matched controls, which was nested in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort of community-dwelling older adults. Incident ILEF from 2015 to 2017 was ascertained with the Short Physical Performance Battery. In 2015, 27 ceramide species were measured in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the longitudinal relationship between ceramides concentration and incidence of ILEF.

Results
After adjusting for education level, body mass index, alcohol and total energy intake, physical activity, and presence of chronic conditions, some ceramide species were related to 2-year incidence of ILEF. Specifically, the odds ratios of ILEF per 1-SD increase in ceramide concentration were: 1.66 [95% CI = (1.03, 2.68)] for ceramide C14:0, 1.61 (1.00, 2.59) for ceramide C16:0, and 1.64 (1.03, 2.60) for ceramide C16:1 (n-7). In the case of ceramides C16:0 and C16:1 (n-7), a stronger relationship was found in those with a higher body mass index; systolic blood pressure could also mediate the relationship between ceramide C16:1 (n-7) and ILEF (p for interaction = .03).

Conclusions
Higher plasma levels of ceramides C14:0, C16:0, and C16:1 (n-7) are associated with higher risk of ILEF, and might serve as risk markers for functional decline in older adults.
Allelic polymorphisms in a glycosyltransferase gene shape glycan repertoire in theO-linked protein glycosylation system ofNeisseria
Authors: Wang Nelson , Anonsen Jan Haug , Hadjineophytou Chris , Reinar William Brynildsen , Børud Bente , Vik Åshild , Koomey Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlycosylation of multiple proteins via O-linkage is well documented in bacterial species of Neisseria of import to human disease. Recent studies of protein glycosylation (pgl) gene distribution established that related protein glycosylation systems occur throughout the genus including nonpathogenic species. However, there are inconsistencies between pgl gene status and observed glycan structures. One of these relates to the widespread distribution of pglG, encoding a glycosyltransferase that in Neisseria elongata subsp. glycolytica is responsible for the addition of di-N-acetyl glucuronic acid at the third position of a tetrasaccharide. Despite pglG residing in strains of N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis and N. lactamica, no glycan structures have been correlated with its presence in these backgrounds. Moreover, PglG function in N. elongata subsp. glycolytica minimally requires UDP-glucuronic acid (GlcNAcA), and yet N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis and N. lactamica lack pglJ, the gene whose product is essential for UDP-GlcNAcA synthesis. We examined the functionality of pglG alleles from species spanning the Neisseria genus by genetic complementation in N. elongata subsp. glycolytica. The results indicate that select pglG alleles from N. meningitidis and N. lactamica are associated with incorporation of an N-acetyl-hexosamine at the third position and reveal the potential for an expanded glycan repertoire in those species. Similar experiments using pglG from N. gonorrhoeae failed to find any evidence of function suggesting that those alleles are missense pseudogenes. Taken together, the results are emblematic of how allelic polymorphisms can shape bacterial glycosyltransferase function and demonstrate that such alterations may be constrained to distinct phylogenetic lineages.
Unintended consequences of prohibiting advocacy of hatred and regulating campaign finance: The weakening status of freedom of speech in Israel
Authors: Medina Barak 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A central dilemma in human rights law is how to reconcile the government’s duty to respect freedom with its obligation to protect individuals that might be harmed by the exercise of said freedom. Intolerance toward the dissemination of certain illiberal positions may have adverse social and political unintended results. One central concern is that such a policy would create a common culture that does not appreciate the critical importance of a vibrant public discourse. As such, it might enable governments, in terms of popular legitimacy, to curtail speech beyond the limits of justifiable infringements. Recent developments in Israel illustrate this concern. In recent years, normatively legitimate antiracism legislation was unjustifiably expanded by imposing sanctions on expressions that were deemed harmful to national sentiments or questioning the legitimacy of Israel’s Constitutional Identity as a Jewish state. Similarly, laws against the support of terrorism were followed by prohibitions on advocating boycotts against Israel. This Article proposes to halt the sociological slippery-slope trend of curtailing speech far and beyond the permissible scope of such a policy, by implementing rules-based legal doctrines that may foster a stronger public pressure on the government to protect free speech; restricting the scope of “harm-in-one-step” approach; and providing a clearer definition of the requirement of state neutrality in the context of regulating speech.
‘We Came To Realize We Are Judges’: Moral Careers of Elected Lay Jurists in Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts
Authors: Nyseth Brehm Hollie , Roberts Louisa L , Uggen Christopher , Gasanabo Jean-Damascene 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the wake of the 1994 genocide, Rwanda’s government created the Gacaca courts to hold suspected perpetrators accountable. Although much has been written about these courts, researchers know comparatively less about the 250,000 individuals who served as Gacaca court judges (inyangamugayo). We draw upon 135 interviews to explore how the inyangamugayo entered and adapted to their new public roles as moral arbiters, how these judges understood Gacaca’s missions, and how their social identities evolved over the course of multiple status transitions. Building on Erving Goffman’s sequential approach to moral careers, we trace the process of becoming a judge. In doing so, we highlight the two overarching missions that surfaced during the interviews – justice and reconciliation – and how the judges continued to view themselves as inyangamugayo even after the courts closed.
Sharp Green’s Function Estimates on Hadamard Manifolds and Adams Inequality
Authors: Bertrand Jerome , Sandeep Kunnath 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this article, we establish estimates on Riesz-type kernels and prove the Adams-type inequality for $W^{k,p}(M)$ functions, where $(M,g)$ is an $n$-dimensional Hadamard manifold with sectional curvature bounded from below and above by a negative constant and $k$ is an integer satisfying $kp=n$.
A scoping review of clinical decision support tools that generate new knowledge to support decision making in real time
Authors: Ostropolets Anna , Zhang Linying , Hripcsak George 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
A growing body of observational data enabled its secondary use to facilitate clinical care for complex cases not covered by the existing evidence. We conducted a scoping review to characterize clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) that generate new knowledge to provide guidance for such cases in real time.

Materials and Methods
PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, and IEEE Xplore were searched up to May 2020. The abstracts were screened by 2 reviewers. Full texts of the relevant articles were reviewed by the first author and approved by the second reviewer, accompanied by the screening of articles’ references. The details of design, implementation and evaluation of included CDSSs were extracted.

Results
Our search returned 3427 articles, 53 of which describing 25 CDSSs were selected. We identified 8 expert-based and 17 data-driven tools. Sixteen (64%) tools were developed in the United States, with the others mostly in Europe. Most of the tools (n = 16, 64%) were implemented in 1 site, with only 5 being actively used in clinical practice. Patient or quality outcomes were assessed for 3 (18%) CDSSs, 4 (16%) underwent user acceptance or usage testing and 7 (28%) functional testing.

Conclusions
We found a number of CDSSs that generate new knowledge, although only 1 addressed confounding and bias. Overall, the tools lacked demonstration of their utility. Improvement in clinical and quality outcomes were shown only for a few CDSSs, while the benefits of the others remain unclear. This review suggests a need for a further testing of such CDSSs and, if appropriate, their dissemination.