bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial genes from 18 angiosperms fill sampling gaps for phylogenomic inferences of the early diversification of flowering plants
Authors: Xue Jia‐Yu , Dong Shan‐Shan , Wang Ming‐Qiang , Song Tian‐Qiang , Zhou Guang‐Can , Li Zhen , Van de Peer Yves , Shao Zhu‐Qing , Wang Wei , Chen Min , Zhang Yan‐Mei , Sun Xiao‐Qin , Chen Hong‐Feng , Zhang Yong‐Xia , Zhang Shou‐Zhou , Chen Fei , Zhang Liang‐Sheng , Cox Cymon , Liu Yang , Wang Qiang , Hang Yue‐Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe early diversification of angiosperms is thought to have been a rapid process, which may complicate phylogenetic analyses of early angiosperm relationships. Plastid and nuclear phylogenomic studies have raised several conflicting hypotheses regarding overall angiosperm phylogeny, but mitochondrial genomes have been largely ignored as a relevant source of information. Here we sequenced mitochondrial genomes from 18 angiosperms to fill taxon‐sampling gaps in Austrobaileyales, magnoliids, Chloranthales, Ceratophyllales, and major lineages of eudicots and monocots. We assembled a data matrix of 38 mitochondrial genes from 107 taxa to assess how well mitochondrial genomic data address current uncertainties in angiosperm relationships. Although we recovered conflicting phylogenies based on different data sets and analytical methods, we also observed congruence regarding deep relationships of several major angiosperm lineages: Chloranthales were always inferred to be the sister group of Ceratophyllales, Austrobaileyales to mesangiosperms, and the unplaced Dilleniales was consistently resolved as the sister to superasterids. Substitutional saturation, GC compositional heterogeneity, and codon‐usage bias are possible reasons for the noise/conflict that may impact phylogenetic reconstruction; and angiosperm mitochondrial genes may not be substantially affected by these factors. The third codon positions of the mitochondrial genes appear to contain more parsimony‐informative sites than the first and second codon positions, and therefore produced better resolved phylogenetic relationships with generally strong support. The relationships among these major lineages remain incompletely resolved, perhaps as a result of the rapidity of early radiations. Nevertheless, data from mitochondrial genomes provide additional evidence and alternative hypotheses for exploring the early evolution and diversification of the angiosperms.
Provider‐related barriers and enablers to the provision of hepatitis C treatment by general practitioners in Scotland: A behaviour change analysis
Authors: Whiteley David , Speakman Elizabeth , Elliott Lawrie , Davidson Katherine , Hamilton Emma , Jarvis Helen , Quinn Michael , Flowers Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ease of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) medications for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has provided an opportunity to decentralize HCV treatment into community settings. However, the role of non‐specialist clinicians in community‐based pathways has received scant attention to date. This study examined barriers and enablers to expanding the role of general practitioners (GPs) in HCV treatment provision, using simple behaviour change theory as a conceptual framework. A maximum variation sample of 22 HCV treatment providers, GPs and HCV support workers participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data were inductively coded, and the resulting codes deductively mapped into three principal components of behaviour change: capability, opportunity and motivation (COM‐B). By this process, a number of provider‐ and systemic‐level barriers and enablers were identified. Key barriers included the pre‐treatment assessment of liver fibrosis, GP capacity and the ‘speciality’ of HCV care. Enablers included the simplicity of the drugs, existing GP/patient relationships and the provision of holistic care. In addition to these specific factors, the data also exposed an overarching provider understanding of ‘HCV treatment’ as triumvirate in nature, incorporating the assessment of liver fibrosis, the provision of holistic support and the treatment of disease. This understanding imposes a further fundamental barrier to GP‐led treatment as each of these three components needs to be individually addressed. To enable sustainable models of HCV treatment provision by GPs, a pragmatic re‐examination of the ‘HCV treatment triumvirate’ is required, and a paradigm shift from the ‘refer and treat’ status quo.
Aerator energy use in shrimp farming and means for improvement
Authors: Boyd Claude E. , McNevin Aaron A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEstimates of aeration energy use in shrimp farming varied from 11.4 to 41.6 GJ/t shrimp (average = 19.8 GJ/t). Several opportunities for reducing energy use in aeration are available. Many farms adopt an excessive yield to installed aeration capacity ratio. Moreover, the proportion of installed aerator capacity in use and duration of aerator operation per day are often more than necessary during the initial two‐thirds of grow‐out, because adjustment is not made for the quantity of shrimp biomass. Farm‐made, long‐arm aerators used in Asia have several features leading to energy inefficiency and could be replaced by more efficient factory‐made, long‐arm aerators. Asian aquaculture aerator manufacturers should redesign aerators to include design features shown in research to improve efficiency. Dissolved oxygen concentration monitoring essential for verification of aeration performance is seldom performed by shrimp farmers. With good aeration technique, energy use for aeration should not exceed 10–15 GJ/t shrimp.
Probing the Exegetical Foundations of Consubstantiality: Worship, Mediatorial Figures, and the Homoousion
Authors: Butner D. Glenn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article explores the question of whether modern theologians can adopt pro‐Nicene theology on the basis of modern biblical studies. It argues that under two hermeneutic assumptions (identified as the canon principle and inspiration principle), key data assessed in the Christological monotheism debates provides warrant for pro‐Nicene defenses of consubstantiality. Three features of Athanasius’s Contra Arianos are explored in dialogue with modern biblical scholarship to defend this claim: Athanasius’s variegated mediatorial Christology, his emphasis on Christ as preeminent mediator, and his appeals to cultic worship of Christ in the New Testament.
Epidemiology of diabetes among South Asians in the United States: lessons from the MASALA study
Authors: Gujral Unjali P. , Kanaya Alka M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSouth Asian individuals in the United States are at an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM); however, the mechanisms behind this are not well understood. The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study is the only longitudinal cohort of South Asians in the United States and provides key insights as to the epidemiology of T2DM in South Asians. Evidence from the MASALA study suggests that South Asians experience a disproportionately high burden of prevalent and incident T2DM compared with members of other race/ethnic groups. Higher insulin resistance in South Asians, even with low body mass index (BMI), more impairment in insulin secretion, and greater deposition of ectopic fat likely play a role in T2DM etiology. Furthermore, South Asian migrants to the United States experience a range of factors related to acculturation, social networks, and religious beliefs, which may impact physical activity and dietary practices. Interventions to prevent T2DM in South Asians should include a focus on cultural factors related to health and should consider the complete mechanistic pathway and the relative contributions of insulin resistance, β cell dysfunction, and ectopic fat deposition on T2DM development in South Asians, particularly in those with lower BMI.
Oral health education and promotion in special needs children: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lai Yvonne Yee Lok , Zafar Sobia , Leonard Helen Margaret , Walsh Laurence James , Downs Jennepher Anne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo review the effectiveness of oral health education and oral health promotion interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), in ensuring optimal gingival health, caries experience and oral health‐related quality of life, compared to no interventions or alternative interventions.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify published studies from four databases (Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ERIC). Randomised or quasi‐randomised controlled trials were included. Two independent reviewers performed risk of bias and qualitative analysis. Meta‐analysis was performed as appropriate.ResultsEight treatment comparisons were identified. There was low certainty evidence that fluoride interventions provided long‐term reductions in caries in those with IDD; and there was some evidence that chlorhexidine albeit with low certainty provided short‐term and long‐term reductions in plaque and gingivitis. There was moderate certainty evidence for short‐term reductions in dental plaque from the use of modified toothbrushes, but not compelling evidence for powered toothbrushes.ConclusionsMost studies provided a low quality of evidence, and so any adaptations made to oral health practices of individuals with IDD need to consider their individual needs.PROSPERO registration: CRD42019145784.
Ethylene is a local modulator of jasmonate‐dependent phenolamide accumulation during Manduca sexta herbivory in Nicotiana attenuata
Authors: Figon Florent , Baldwin Ian T. , Gaquerel Emmanuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRapid reconfigurations of interconnected phytohormone signalling networks allow plants to tune their physiology to constantly varying ecological conditions. During insect herbivory, most of the induced changes in defence‐related leaf metabolites are controlled by jasmonate (JA) signalling, which, in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata, recruits MYB8, a transcription factor controlling the accumulation of phenolic‐polyamine conjugates (phenolamides). In this and other plant species, herbivory also locally triggers ethylene (ET) production but the outcome of the JA‐ET cross‐talk at the level of secondary metabolism regulation has remained only superficially investigated. Here, we analysed local and systemic herbivory‐induced changes by mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics in leaves of transgenic plants impaired in JA, ET and MYB8 signalling. Parsing deregulations in this factorial data‐set identified a network of JA/MYB8‐dependent phenolamides for which impairment of ET signalling attenuated their accumulation only in locally damaged leaves. Further experiments revealed that ET, albeit biochemically interrelated to polyamine metabolism via the intermediate S‐adenosylmethionine, does not alter the free polyamine levels, but instead significantly modulates phenolamide levels with marginal modulations of transcript levels. The work identifies ET as a local modulator of phenolamide accumulations and provides a metabolomics data‐platform with which to mine associations among herbivory‐induced signalling and specialized metabolites in N. attenuata.
Up‐regulated 2‐alkenal reductase expression improves low‐nitrogen tolerance in maize by alleviating oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhao Yanxiang , Wang Shanshan , Liu Junfeng , Wang Xiqing , Han Yanlai , Liu Fang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn plants, cellular lipid peroxidation is enhanced under low nitrogen (LN) stress; this increases the lipid‐derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS) levels. The cellular toxicity of RCS can be reduced by various RCS‐scavenging enzymes. However, the roles of these enzymes in alleviating oxidative stress and improving nutrient use efficiency (NUE) under nutrient stress remain unknown. Here, we overexpressed maize endogenous NADPH‐dependent 2‐alkenal reductase (ZmAER) in maize; it significantly increased the tolerance of transgenic plants (OX‐AER) to LN stress. Under LN condition, the biomass, nitrogen accumulation, NUE, and leaf photosynthesis of the OX‐AER plants were significantly higher than those of the wild‐type (WT) plants. The leaf and root malondialdehyde and H2O2 levels in the transgenic plants were significantly lower than those in WT. The expression of antioxidant enzyme‐related genes ZmCAT3, ZmPOD5 and ZmPOD13 was significantly higher in the transgenic lines than in WT. Under LN stress, the nitrate reductase activity in the OX‐AER leaves was significantly increased compared with that in the WT leaves. Furthermore, under LN stress, ZmNRT1.1 and ZmNRT2.5 expression was upregulated in the OX‐AER plants compared with that in WT. Overall, up‐regulated ZmAER expression could enhance maize's tolerance to LN stress by alleviating oxidative stress and improve NUE.
Associations between oil development and sexually transmitted infections: Public health nurse perspectives
Authors: Huseth‐Zosel Andrea L. , Secor‐Turner Molly , Wen Qian , Liu Xiyuan , Jansen Rick J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundOil development (OD) has been associated with increased sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates, with limited focus on the North Dakota (ND) oil boom. Public health (PH) nurse experiences can provide context related to health challenges during OD‐related population booms.ObjectiveTo compare reported STI rates in ND oil‐producing (OP) and non‐oil‐producing (NOP) counties before, during, and after the oil boom and describe PH nurse experiences during this time.DesignWe conducted secondary data analysis of oil production data and reported rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea, and conducted interviews with ND PH nurses.SamplePH nurses within ND counties geographically located in or near OD in the state.MeasurementsND county‐level OD data trends were compared to similarly timed reported rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea in OP and NOP counties. PH nurse interviews were conducted addressing their STI‐related experiences working in PH during the oil boom.ResultsSignificant findings include a correlation between OD and gonorrhea rates. PH nurses described a limited PH infrastructure to meet the health needs of a transient, increasing population.ConclusionsExpanding the role of PH nurses in ND to implement STI screening and treatment would improve access to STI testing allowing for comprehensive reporting of STIs.
Quantifying the Trendiness of Trends
Authors: Jensen Andreas Kryger , Ekstrøm Claus Thorn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNews media often report that the trend of some public health outcome has changed. These statements are frequently based on longitudinal data, and the change in trend is typically found to have occurred at the most recent data collection time point—if no change had occurred the story is less likely to be reported. Such claims may potentially influence public health decisions on a national level.We propose two measures for quantifying the trendiness of trends. Assuming that reality evolves in continuous time, we define what constitutes a trend and a change in trend, and introduce a probabilistic Trend Direction Index. This index has the interpretation of the probability that a latent characteristic has changed monotonicity at any given time conditional on observed data. We also define an index of Expected Trend Instability quantifying the expected number of changes in trend on an interval.Using a latent Gaussian process model, we show how the Trend Direction Index and the Expected Trend Instability can be estimated in a Bayesian framework, and use the methods to analyse the proportion of smokers in Denmark during the last 20 years and the development of new COVID-19 cases in Italy from 24 February onwards.
Is there evidence that periodontal diseases are risk factors for coronary arterial disease?—Scoping review
Authors: Silva Nicholas Newton Queiroz , Albuquerque e Aguiar Igor Hudson , Gomes Marcus Vinícius Silva Weigel , Neto Olavo Barbosa de Oliveira , Penteado Luiz Alexandre de Moura , de Lima Fernando José Camello 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the scientific evidence regarding the condition of periodontal diseases (PDs) as risk factors of coronary artery diseases.Materials and methodsA scoping review was performed through the selection of articles from online databases (Medline via PubMed, LILACS, and Cochrane CENTRAL), using a search algorithm and eligibility criteria for data extraction and data synthesis of included papers. Four hundred forty‐one studies from online databases and 1364 from reference lists were initially identified, and 34 articles were selected for inclusion. Articles had to be published between 2015 and 2020 and had to associate PDs to coronary arterial diseases. All studies comprised a sample of 446443 participants. Favorable opinions totaled 70.59%, and the cross‐sectional observational study design was more frequently found (32.35%). Biochemical outcomes were showed more frequently, such as inflammatory biomarkers (58.82%). Despite a large advantage for favorable opinions, a statistically significant result was not found when extracted data were combined with studies opinions.ConclusionThe evidence was classified as level II‐3, hence, still distant from the best ranks and can therefore be considered as unclear. Moreover, studies with the higher potential to generate evidence showed a high risk of bias.
Visible characteristics and structural modifications relating to enlarged facial pores
Authors: Nkengne Alex , Pellacani Giovanni , Ciardo Silvana , De Carvalho Nathalie , Vié Katell 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany factors relate to enlargement and visibility of facial pores. However, how enlargement relates to modification of the skin structure is still poorly analysed. Therefore, our aim was to characterise the visible features and the micro‐environment of facial pores.Materials and MethodsWe recruited 160 women, half of them with normal‐size facial pores, the other half presenting enlarged pores. We analysed their right cheek using standardised photography, in vivo reflectance microscopy and optical coherence tomography.ResultsIf the area of pores is indeed the most differentiating visible characteristic, enlarged facial pores are also denser and more contrasted. At the structural level, enlarged facial pores present a more regular organisation of keratinocytes, an irregular dermo‐epidermal junction and a higher attenuation of collagen between the surface and deeper layers. Still, the most relevant alterations of enlarged facial pores are the presence of bright tubular structures surrounding hair follicles and enlarged hair shafts.ConclusionThese observations suggest that alterations of the stroma could result in altered skin tensions, leading to the dilation of the infundibulum and enlarged hair shaft. The modified tension would also explain the more regular organisation of the keratinocytes and the irregular dermo‐epidermal junction.
A Rationalist Defence of Determinism
Authors: Istvan Michael A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLargely due to the popular allegation that contemporary science has uncovered indeterminism in the deepest known levels of physical reality, the debate as to whether humans have moral freedom, the sort of freedom on which moral responsibility depends, has put aside to some extent the traditional worry over whether determinism is true. As I argue in this article, however, there are powerful proofs for both chronological determinism and necessitarianism, forms of determinism that pose the most penetrative threat to human moral freedom. My ultimate hope is to show that, despite the robust case against human moral freedom that can be made without even relying on them, chronological determinism and necessitarianism should be regarded with renewed urgency.
Hormone receptor expression, clinical and histopathological analysis in feline injection site sarcomas
Authors: Zanuncio Virgínia V. , Conceição Lissandro G. , Loures Fabrícia H. , Cassali Geovanni D. , Rocha Kelvin , Lima Bruna M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFeline injection site sarcomas (FISS) are aggressive, with high recurrence and rarely metastasising. The objective of this study was to evaluate, by immunohistochemistry, the expression of oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in FISS and correlate them with clinical and histopathological aspects. This was a retrospective study with 51 cases of FISS. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect vimentin, ER, PR and Ki67 expression. Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics were predictor variables and the expression of ER and PR were the dependent ones. Twenty‐eight (55%) of the 51 FISS cases were female and 23 (45%) male with 10.7 ± 4.2 years and median tumour size of 3 cm (2.0‐5.4). The trunk was the most affected site, with 38 cases (84%). Histological grade III was observed in 57% of the cases, considering differentiation score, necrosis and mitotic index. ER expression, positive in 64% of cases, was associated with the mitotic index (P = .05) and degree of pleomorphism (P = .04). PR was not associated with the variables and 63% of cases were negative for this receptor. Thus, ER expression can affect tumour growth. The knowledge on the FISS hormonal expression is important to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms. Further studies are needed to predict the value of ER expression in the prognosis of FISS.
Change-of-Direction Ability of Para-Footballers With Cerebral Palsy Under a New Evidence-Based and Sport-Specific Classification System
Authors: Peña-González Iván , Roldan Alba , Toledo Carlos , Urbán Tomás , Reina Raúl 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: This study aimed (1) to explore the validity and reliability of a new and specific change-of-direction (COD) test that requires dribbling skills to classify international footballers with cerebral palsy (CP) and compare it with another valid and reliable COD test without ball dribbling and (2) to probe whether both tests can discriminate between the new CP football classes (ie, FT1, FT2, and FT3) established worldwide in 2018. Methods: This study involved 180 international para-footballers with CP from 23 national teams at the 3 regional competitions held in 2018. They performed 2 COD tests, the modified agility test (no dribbling skills) and the dribbling speed test (DST). Results: Reliability was excellent for both the modified agility test (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]2,1 = .91, SEM = 5.75%) and the DST (ICC2,1 = .92, SEM = 4.66%). The modified agility test and DST results were highly to very highly correlated to one another for the whole group and considering the sport classes (r = .60–.80; P < .001). A 1-way analysis of variance showed significant differences between sport classes in both tests (P < .001). However, among classes, there were significant differences between FT1 and FT2 and FT3 (P < .01, effect size = large) and low to moderate effect sizes between FT2 and FT3 for either test. Conclusion: The DST appears to be valid and reliable to classify CP football players within the new classification system. Regression analysis revealed that 18.2% of the variance in the new sport classes could be explained by the 2 examined tests.