bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience in conducting field tests of metal structural constructions of coatings of the “BrSTU”
Authors: Shalabyta Mikalai , Shuryn Andrei , Shalabyta Tatsiana , Dragan Viacheslav 
Published: November 2020

There are quite often statically complex structures, the reliability of theoretical calculations of which needs experimental verification in the world practice of design and construction. Studies of building structures functioning can be full-scale or carried out on their models in laboratory conditions depending on the goals set. Full-scale tests of building structures are more expensive, therefore, their implementation requires a special approach and justification.
However, to check the operation of complex, critical structures which primarily include metal spatial large-span structures of coatings of buildings and structures especially those used for the first time to assess their bearing capacity, to establish the degree of participation in the construction of each of the elements, to study the operation of individual new nodal elements etc., only full-scale tests are required.
Standard-verändernde Neuigkeiten aus der internistischen Onkologie
Authors: Zschäbitz Stefanie , Busch Elena , Woydack Lena , Jäger Dirk 
Published: November 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn den letzten Jahren haben Checkpoint-Inhibitoren und zielgerichtete Substanzen Einzug gehalten in die Behandlungs-Algorithmen zahlreicher Tumorentitäten. In Kombination mit klassischen Zytostatika oder auch als alleinige Therapie konnten onkologische Behandlungsergebnisse wie das progressionsfreie oder das Gesamtüberleben verbessert werden und dies häufig mit einem vorteilhaften Nebenwirkungsprofil. Darüber hinaus haben somatische und Keimbahnmutationen ebenfalls zunehmend Einfluss auf Behandlungsentscheidungen im Therapieplan onkologischer Patienten. Die sichere Anwendung von Immunoonkologika und zielgerichteten Therapien erfordert gut aufgeklärte Patienten und ein konzertiertes Behandlungsmanagement, um Toxizitäten früh erkennen und behandeln zu können. Im folgenden Artikel werden relevante, praxisverändernde Therapiestrategien für die internistische Onkologie beleuchtet.
Strahlentherapie bei malignen Lymphomen im Wandel
Authors: Herfarth Klaus 
Published: November 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMaligne Lymphome sind primär eine Domäne der Systemtherapie. Nichtsdestotrotz hat die Strahlentherapie ihren Anteil insbesondere bei den frühen Stadien der indolenten Lymphome oder als Konsolidierung nach einer Chemotherapie. Die Indikationen zur Bestrahlung, das Ausmaß, die Dosis und die Technik der Bestrahlung von malignen Lymphomen haben sich in den letzten Jahren sehr geändert: Die Indikation ist spezifischer und die Bestrahlungen sind durch verschiedene Faktoren verträglicher geworden. Das sollte sich auch zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt bezüglich der Spätfolgen positiv auswirken. Der Artikel fasst die Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre zusammen.
Standard Changing News in der Urologischen Onkologie 2020
Authors: Jentzmik Florian 
Published: November 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMit Einführung der Checkpoint-Inhibitoren hat sich die Therapielandschaft des metastasierten Urothelkarzinoms grundlegend verändert und verbessert. Ein völlig neuer Ansatz ist der Einsatz von Avelumab als Erhaltungstherapie bei Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenem oder metastasiertem Urothelkarzinom, die zumindest einen stabilen Krankheitsverlauf nach platinhaltiger Induktionstherapie hatten. In der JAVELIN bladder 100-Studie ereichte Avelumab + best supportive care (BSC) im Vergleich zur alleinigen BSC-Gruppe ein signifikant längeres Gesamtüberleben in den beiden primären Populationen aller randomisierten Patienten zum einen und Patienten mit PD-L1-positiven Tumoren zum anderen.In der HERO-Studie war die Androgendeprivation mit dem neuen GnRH-Antagonisten Relugolix bei Männern mit metastasiertem oder lokal fortgeschrittenem Prostatakarzinom der Behandlung mit dem GnRH-Agonisten Leuprorelin in allen primären und sekundären Endpunkten überlegen. Das einmal täglich oral applizierbare Relugolix erzielte höhere anhaltende Kastrationsraten und senkte die Testosteron-Spiegel und den PSA-Wert rascher als das 3-monatlich subkutan injizierte Leuprorelin. Außerdem zeigten sich weniger kardiovaskuläre Nebenwirkungen.In der PROfound-Studie war der PARP-Inhibitor Olaparib bei Männern mit mCRPC und BRCA1/2 oder ATM-Genmutation im Vergleich zur Standardtherapie (AR-gerichtete Therapie mit Abirateron oder Enzalutamid) mit einem längeren progressionsfreien Überleben und einem besseren Therapieansprechen assoziiert.
Enantioselective Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction of Azlactones to Synthesize Quaternary α-Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Li Yi , Pan Hao , Li Wang-Yuren , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn asymmetric organocatalytic nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of azlactones with electron-deficient aryls was established. A variety of α-aryl α-alkyl α-amino acid esters and peptides were obtained in decent yields and stereoselectivities. A new bifunctional catalytic mode involving charge-transfer interaction and hydrogen bonding is proposed to explain the enantioselectivity.
Association of the vertical and horizontal force‐velocity profile and acceleration with change of direction ability in various sports
Authors: Baena‐Raya Andrés , Soriano‐Maldonado Alberto , Conceição Filipe , Jiménez‐Reyes Pedro , Rodríguez‐Pérez Manuel A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the association of the mechanical variables derived from the force‐velocity (FV) profile (i.e. theoretical maximal force [F 0], velocity [V 0] and maximal power output [P max]) with change of direction (COD) performance in soccer, basketball and tennis players. Fifty‐four male athletes (soccer n = 23; tennis n = 16; basketball n = 15) were assessed for the vertical (Vrt) and horizontal (Hzt) FV profiles, COD with the dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) legs, using the modified 505 test, and sprint. Hzt FV profile parameters showed stronger associations with performance than Vrt FV profile in the three sports. Specifically, the Hzt parameter most strongly associated with COD performance was F 0 in tennis (r = −0.83; p<0.001) and P max in soccer and basketball (r = −0.79; p<0.001). Associations between sprint times and COD test ranged from (r = 0.73–0.82) in soccer players, (r = 0.74–0.87) in tennis players and (r = 0.62–0.85) in basketball players, respectively (p<0.05). Considering the whole sample and the random effect of the type of sports, an improvement in sprint acceleration (i.e. one N/kg increase in F 0 and one W/kg in P max) was associated with −0.15 s and −0.04 s to complete the 505 test, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest the potential usefulness of assessing the Hzt FV profile to maximize acceleration capabilities through training interventions which, in turn, may translate into improved COD performance. However, further longitudinal and experimental research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Reviving non-minimal Horndeski-like theories after GW170817: kinetic coupling corrected Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet inflation
Authors: Oikonomou V K , Fronimos F P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
After the recent GW170817 event of the two neutron stars merging, many string corrected cosmological theories confronted the non-viability peril. This was due to the fact that most of these theories produce massive gravitons primordially. Among these theories were the ones containing a non-minimal kinetic coupling correction term in the Lagrangian. In this work we demonstrate how these theories may be revived and we show how these theories can produce primordial gravitational waves with speed

c

T

2

=
1

in natural units, thus complying with the GW170817 event. As we show, if the gravitational action of an Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory also contains a kinetic coupling of the form ∼ξ(ϕ)G

μν
∂
μ

ϕ∂
ν

ϕ, the condition of having primordial massless gravitons, or equivalently primordial gravitational waves with speed

c

T

2

=
1

in natural units, results to certain conditions on the scalar field dependent coupling function of the Gauss–Bonnet term, which is also the non-minimal coupling of the kinetic coupling. We extensively study the phenomenological implications of such a theory focussing on the inflationary era, by only assuming slow-roll dynamics for the scalar field. Accordingly, we briefly study the case that the scalar field evolves in a constant-roll way. By using some illustrative examples, we demonstrate that the viability of the theoretical framework at hand may easily be achieved. Also, theories containing terms of the form ∼ξ(ϕ) □ ϕg

μν
∂
μ

ϕ∂
ν

ϕ and

∼
ξ

(

ϕ

)

g

μ
ν

∂

μ

ϕ

∂

ν

ϕ

2

are also lead to the same gravitational wave speed as the theory we shall study in this paper, so this covers a larger class of Horndeski theories.
Thermodynamic identities with sunray diagrams
Authors: Kim Joon-Hwi , Nam Juno 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the hurdles in teaching undergraduate thermodynamics is a plethora of complicated partial derivative identities. Students suffer from difficulties in deriving, justifying, or interpreting the identities, misconceptions about partial derivatives, and a lack of in-depth understanding of the meanings of identities. We propose a novel diagrammatic method for the calculus of differentials and partial derivatives called the ‘sunray diagram’ that resolves the difficulties above. The sunray diagram technique relates a partial derivative with ‘arrow sliding’, which enables an aesthetic and intuitive manipulation of partial derivative expressions in the form of successive arrow slidings. Furthermore, the sunray diagram is more than an ad hoc or abstract machinery but is based on the symplectic structure of thermodynamics; the sunray diagram admits a direct physical interpretation on the P–V (or T–S) plane. We elaborate on such physical semantics of the sunray diagram by taking Maxwell’s approach to the geometry of thermodynamic structures—reinterpreted in terms of differential geometry—as a reference point. We anticipate that our discussion introduces the geometry of thermodynamics to learners and enriches the graphical pedagogy in physics education.
Oscillatory magnetic fields for neutron resonance spin-echo spectroscopy
Authors: Jochum J K , Hecht A , Soltwedel O , Fuchs C , Frank J , Faulhaber E , Leiner J C , Pfleiderer C , Franz C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The generation of high frequency oscillatory magnetic fields represents a fundamental component underlying the successful implementation of neutron resonant spin-echo spectrometers, a class of instrumentation critical for the high-resolution extraction of dynamical excitations (structural and magnetic) in materials. In this paper, the setup of the resonant circuits at the longitudinal resonant spin-echo spectrometer RESEDA is described in comprehensive technical detail. We demonstrate that these circuits are capable of functioning at frequencies up to 3.6 MHz and over a broad bandwidth down to 35 kHz using a combination of signal generators, amplifiers, impedance matching transformers, and a carefully designed cascade of tunable capacitors and customized coils.
A comparative study on atomic transport properties of liquid less-simple metals
Authors: Gosh R C , Bin Noor Sohrab , Mohaiminul Islam M A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We have studied the atomic transport properties of liquid less-simple metals namely Bi, Cd, Pb, Sb, Sn and Tl using universal scaling laws and hard sphere (HS) theories of liquid. Effective interionic interaction in metals has been derived from both Brettonet–Silbert (BS) and Ashcroft’s empty core pseudopotential models. For structure calculation, variational modified hypernetted chain integral equation theory has been considered. Excess entropy and effective HS diameter are the basic ingredients of the study. Obtained ingredients are found to be close with experimental data than any other available literature values when BS model has been chosen. Comparing with experimental data, obtained results for transport coefficients suggest that Faber’s HS theory is excellent for diffusion coefficient and is reasonably good for viscosity coefficient along with BS pseudopotential than any other combinations employed in this study. The probable reason may be the hybridization of s and d electrons exists in the concerned systems.
On the stability and stationarity of the Super H-mode combined with an ion transport barrier in the core
Authors: Knolker M , Evans T E , Snyder P B , Grierson B , Hanson J , Jaervinen A , Jian X , McClenaghan J , Osborne T , Paz-Soldan C , Solomon W , Wilks T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Super H-mode, a regime with high pedestal pressure and stored energy, is explored on DIII-D and combined with an ion transport barrier in the plasma core to increase performance. A significant improvement of ion temperatures and confinement is facilitated by favorable conditions such as high rotational shear and high ion pedestal temperatures. As a result of a rise in density and simultaneous decrease in rotation, the ion transport barrier disappears during the discharge evolution, leading to a transition from a very high confinement state at early times, to a reduced but still high confinement phase. Additionally, in many discharges, a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) event consistent with the coupling of a destabilized internal mode to an edge localized mode causes a large energy loss and leads to a reorganization of the plasma into a lower temperature, higher density state. Depending on the magnitude of the global MHD event, the plasma edge collisionality can increase significantly and shift the operational boundary from the peeling to the ballooning side, which can be understood as a drop out of the Super H-mode channel into standard H-mode. Hence, in Super H-mode discharges with ion transport barriers, both the improved pedestal height and rotational shear contribute to the high stored energy. At very low levels of rotation, the confinement factor for SH modes is still expected to exceed standard H-mode by 20%–30%. With their overall stationarity and high-performance levels, Super H-mode discharges provide an attractive regime for ITER and may enable a more compact design of future fusion power plants.
A comparative study on GaSb epilayers grown on nominal and vicinal Si(100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Arpapay Burcu , Suyolcu Y Eren , Çorapçıoğlu Gülcan , van Aken Peter A , Gülgün Mehmet Ali , Serincan Uğur 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The direct growth of GaSb buffer layers on Si substrates is attracting considerable interest in the integration of group III-Sb based device structures on lower-cost Si substrates. Here, we present the effect of various growth steps on the defect types and defect density that are crucial for advancing high crystal quality GaSb buffer layer on nominal/vicinal Si substrate. As a growth step, the applied thermal annealing at an intermediate step provided a decrease in the threading dislocation (TD) density down to 1.72 × 108 cm−2, indicating a more effective method compared to post-growth annealing. Additionally, the importance of period number and position of GaSb/AlSb superlattice layers inserted in GaSb epilayers is demonstrated. In the case of the GaSb epilayers grown on vicinal substrates, the APB density as low as 0.06 µm−1 and TD density of 1.98 × 108 cm−2 were obtained for the sample grown on 4° miscut Si(100) substrate.
Sideways force due to coupled rotating kink modes in tokamaks
Authors: Pustovitov V.D. , Rubinacci G. , Villone F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The possibility of generation of the rotating sideways force on the wall by the kink modes is analytically investigated. The approach is basically the same as that developed earlier in (Mironov and Pustovitov 2017 Phys. Plasmas
24 092508) for the locked modes, but now their rotation is allowed. Its main elements are ∂b/∂t ≠ 0 (described by the growth rate γ and angular rotation frequency ω of the magnetic perturbation b), resistive dissipation in the wall, and the requirement of zero sideways force on the plasma. These make the approach greatly different from those resulting in the so-called Noll’s formula. The result is also different; it predicts a force an order of magnitude smaller. Nevertheless, such a force can be dangerous at the resonance frequency of the vacuum vessel. The derived relations show that the rotating force must be maximal at ωτ
w = O(1), where τ
w is the resistive wall time. For the faster modes it decreases roughly as ∼1/ω.
Assessment of Risks Associated With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Experimental Human Infection Studies
Authors: Kuiper Vincent P , Rosendaal Frits R , Kamerling Ingrid M C , Visser Leonardus G , Roestenberg Meta 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Controlled human infection (CHI) models for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been proposed as a tool to accelerate the development of vaccines and drugs. Such models carry inherent risks. Participants may develop severe disease or complications after deliberate infection. Prolonged isolation may negatively impact their well-being. Through secondary infection of study personnel or participant household contacts, the experimental virus strain may cause a community outbreak. We identified risks associated with such a SARS-CoV-2 CHI model and assessed their likelihood and impact and propose strategies that mitigate these risks. In this report, we show that risks can be minimized with proper risk mitigation strategies; the residual risk, however, should be weighed carefully against the scientific and social values of such a CHI model.
Coronary computed tomography versus stress echocardiography-guided management of stable chest pain patients: a propensity matched analysis
Authors: Vamvakidou A , Danylenko O , Pradhan J , Kelshiker M , Jones T , Whiteside D , Sethi A , Senior R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent recommendations by national and international societies advocate the use of coronary computed tomography (CCT) as the first-line test for the assessment of low-risk patients with suspected stable angina. However limited real-life data exist regarding its relative clinical value versus stress echocardiography (SE)-guided management.

Purpose
We aimed to assess in a real-life setting the clinical value of stress echocardiography (SE)-guided versus CCT-guided management in patients presenting with stable chest pain and no prior history of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods
We compared the relative feasibility, efficacy and the proportion of patients undergoing downstream testing including revascularisation and their impact on outcome (mortality and myocardial infarction) when CCT versus SE were used as the first line test for the assessment of stable chest pain.
Of the patients who underwent CCT (N=2192) or SE (N=2081) between October 2013 and October 2014 only those with suspected stable angina and without previous CAD were selected. The population was propensity-matched (total 1980 patients-990 patients each group) to account for differences in the baseline cardiovascular risk factors.

Results
The mean age of the population was 59±13.2 years and 949 (47.9%) patients were male. Inconclusive tests were 6% versus 3% (p&lt;0.005) in CCT versus SE. Severe (&gt;70%) luminal stenosis on CCT and inducible ischemia on SE detected obstructive CAD by invasive coronary angiography in 63% versus 57% patients (p=0.33). Over the entire follow-up period (median 717 (IQR 93–1069) days) significantly more patients underwent invasive coronary angiography (21.5% versus 7.3%, p&lt;0.005) and revascularisation (33.5% versus 3.5%, p&lt;0.005) respectively in the CCT versus the SE group. Following their initial assessment 336 (33.9%) patients in the CCT and 86 (8.7%) in the SE group underwent further functional testing (SE, stress cardiac MRI, exercise electrocardiography) (p&lt;0.005) (Figure 1A). There was no difference in all-cause mortality (p=0.26) or death and myocardial infarction (p=0.16) between the two groups (Figure 1B).

Conclusions
SE when used for the assessment of patients with stable angina and no prior CAD resulted in more conclusive tests, similar detection of obstructive CAD, less overall invasive coronary angiography and revascularization and less subsequent functional tests compared with CCT.
Figure 1

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
The distribution and relationship between 3D LVEF and 3D strain in a general population
Authors: Ericsson F , Tayal B , Zaremba T , Schnohr P , Jensen G , Mogelvang R , Soegaard P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography (3DE) is currently extensively used to estimate left ventricle (LV) morphology and heart valves. However, it is underutilized in the assessment of LV function. Most likely, it is due to limited knowledge of the normal reference intervals. In order to fill this knowledge gap, studies which investigates the 3DE reference ranges in a larger cohort of a general population are needed. The objective of the current study was to study the relationship and distribution of 3D LV ejection fraction (EF) and its corresponding strain values in subjects enrolled in Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS).

Methods
The echocardiograms were acquired from CCHS subjects from 2011–2014 by using GE Vivid E9 (GE Medical, Copenhagen, Denmark), during four consecutive heart beats. Exclusion critera were missing data or measurements in 3D, poor image quality or frame rate (&lt;12 fps) and, based on visual evaluation of the echocardiograms, inappropriate tracking of three or more myocardial segments in the strain analysis. The echocardiograms were analysed in 2019 on EchoPacTM v. 201 (GE Medical, Copenhagen, Denmark).
Results are presented in means, interquartile ranges (IQR) and as adjusted correlation values (r2). R2 values equal to or above 0.64 (equals to r=0.8) were considered as strong correlation. LV function parameters included were LVEF, global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS) and area strain (AS). LVEF and strain results are presented as percentages (%). The distribution and relationship between 3D LVEF, GLS, GCS and AS are visualized as scatter plots and box-whiskers plots. The statistical analysis and the visualisation of the data was performed in RStudio v. 3.5.1. P-values &lt;0.005 were considered as markers for statistical significance.

Results
There were 2955 subject with available 3DEs in CCHS among which 1202 subjects had sufficient image quality for evaluation. The mean 3D LVEF was 54.6% (IQR: 50–60%), 3D GLS −14.5% (IQR: −13 to −16), 3D GCS −13.4% (IQR: −11 to −15) and AS −24.7% (IQR: −22 to −27).
The adjusted correlation values between LVEF with strain parameters were: 0.04 (GLS), 0.37 (GCS) and 0.26 (AS), which was poor.

Conclusion
This study provides valuable data of the distribution of 3D LVEF and its corresponding 3D strain values in a general population. The 3D strain values are lower than the reference interval described in literature for two-dimensional echocardiography. Moreover, correlation was also found to be poor between LVEF and different strain parameters.
3D LVEF vs. 3D Strain (GLS, GCS, AS)

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None