bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug‐resistant organisms are common in fecal surveillance cultures, predict bacteremia and correlate with poorer outcomes in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplants
Authors: Korula Anu , Perumalla Susmitha , Devasia Anup J. , Abubacker Fouzia N. , Lakshmi Kavitha M. , Abraham Aby , Mathews Vikram , Srivastava Alok , Anandan Shalini , Veeraraghavan Balaji , George Biju 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing incidence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) organisms and high mortality rates associated with these infections, we describe the spectrum of the major drug‐resistant pathogens identified in fecal surveillance, and re‐visit the use of fecal surveillance in predicting infection with these organisms post‐allogeneic stem cell transplant.MethodsData from allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients with common drug‐resistant strains of bacteria in fecal surveillance (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus spp.) were compared with recipients who did not have the same in fecal surveillance cultures. Baseline characteristics and post‐transplant outcomes including similar drug resistance in blood cultures, severe sepsis, and 100‐day transplant‐related mortality were compared. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression model was used to determine independent predictors of outcome.ResultsIn 232 transplants, the prevalence of common drug‐resistant isolates in fecal surveillance cultures was 57.7% (134 out of 232 patients—with a single isolate in 115 and ≥2 isolates in the remaining 19 patients. A total of 164 drug‐resistant isolates were obtained from 134 patients. Of the 164 isolates, 133 (81%) were positive for ESBL screening, 19 (11.5%) for carbapenem‐resistant organisms (CRO) screening, 12 (7.3%) for VRE screening. Patients who had common drug‐resistant pathogens detected in fecal surveillance have significantly higher subsequent blood culture positivity with drug resistance, as well as higher 100‐day mortality. Factors influencing 100‐day mortality included patient's age (P = .001), drug resistance positivity in blood (P < .001), drug resistance in fecal surveillance (P = .011), use of an alternate donor (other than fully matched sibling) (P < .001), GVHD grade 3‐4 (P < .001), and severe sepsis (P < .001). On multivariate analysis, only use of an alternate donor (0.024), severe sepsis (P < .001), and grade 3‐4 GVHD (P < .001) retained significance in predicting 100‐day mortality.ConclusionOrganisms resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins are frequently seen on fecal surveillance in the pre‐transplant setting and are associated with a higher incidence of drug‐resistant organisms in subsequent blood cultures (not limited to the same drug resistance pattern as seen in fecal surveillance). Drug‐resistant organisms in fecal surveillance are associated with poorer outcomes following allogeneic stem cell transplant and may be used as a guide to identify patients at risk of subsequently developing a drug‐resistant organism in blood.
Purification of canine albumin by heat denaturation in a plasma bag
Authors: Edwards Thomas H. , Koenig Amie , Thomas LeNae , Sadik Anjam , Edwards James L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo design and evaluate a method to purify canine albumin from fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or stored plasma (SP) in a manner that could be applied clinically.DesignIn vitro experimental study.SettingFDA licensed Blood Bank Laboratory and University biochemistry laboratory.AnimalsNone.InterventionsUsing equipment that is typically found in veterinary blood banks, plasma bags were thawed, injected with the heat stabilizing agent, sodium caprylate, and then heated and acidified to denature all but albumin proteins. Albumin‐rich supernatant was removed, the pH was neutralized, and then pasteurized and refrigerated. Albumin and total plasma protein concentrations were measured and the product was cultured for bacteria at 0, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days post‐processing.Measurements and Main ResultsSeventeen bags of plasma were analyzed for purity, yield, and sterility of the finished albumin product. Bags were divided into categories based on the age of the frozen plasma. Mean yield of albumin for all bags was 77.3% and mean purity was 91.2%. There was no difference between old stored plasma, new stored plasma, and FFP with regard to yield (P = 0.31) or purity (P = 0.24) based on one‐way analysis of variances. Overall 1 of 17 bags of plasma (5.9%) tested positive for bacterial contamination on day 60 after processing.ConclusionsSodium caprylate is able to stabilize canine albumin enabling it to withstand heating that denatures other plasma proteins. The resulting albumin product is of sufficient quality to potentially be used therapeutically as a colloidal resuscitative fluid. Further study is needed into its safety and effect in dogs.
Modeling Uncertain and Dynamic Interdependencies of Infrastructure Systems Using Stochastic Block Models
Authors: Yu Jin-Zhu , Baroud Hiba 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Modeling the resilience of interdependent critical infrastructure (ICI) requires a careful assessment of interdependencies as these systems are becoming increasingly interconnected. The interdependent connections across ICIs are often subject to uncertainty due to the lack of relevant data. Yet, this uncertainty has not been properly characterized. This paper develops an approach to model the resilience of ICIs founded in probabilistic graphical models. The uncertainty of interdependency links between ICIs is modeled using stochastic block models (SBMs). Specifically, the approach estimates the probability of links between individual systems considered as blocks in the SBM. The proposed model employs several attributes as predictors. Two recovery strategies based on static and dynamic component importance ranking are developed and compared. The proposed approach is illustrated with a case study of the interdependent water and power networks in Shelby County, TN. Results show that the probability of interdependency links varies depending on the predictors considered in the estimation. Accounting for the uncertainty in interdependency links allows for a dynamic recovery process. A recovery strategy based on dynamically updated component importance ranking accelerates recovery, thereby improving the resilience of ICIs.
Toward an Integrated Intervention and Assessment of Robot-Based Rehabilitation
Authors: Majidirad Amirhossein , Yihun Yimesker , Cure Laila 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study presents robot-based rehabilitation and its assessment. Robotic devices have significantly been useful to help therapists do the training procedure consistently. However, as robotic devices interface with humans, quantifying the interaction and its intended outcomes is still a research challenge. In this study, human–robot interaction during rehabilitation is assessed based on measurable interaction forces and human physiological response data, and correlations are established to plan the intervention and effective limb trajectories within the intended rehabilitation and interaction forces. In this study, the Universal Robot 5 (UR5) is used to guide and support the arm of a subject over a predefined trajectory while recording muscle activities through surface electromyography (sEMG) signals using the Trigno wireless DELSYS devices. The interaction force is measured through the force sensor mounted on the robot end-effector. The force signals and the human physiological data are analyzed and classified to infer the related progress. Feature reduction and selection techniques are used to identify redundant inputs and outputs.
Neumann Boundary Control of a Linear Diffusion System Based on the Equivalent Distributed Control Model
Authors: Hamdadou Dyhia , Maidi Ahmed , Corriou Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the boundary control of a one-dimensional diffusion system with Neumann actuation. The objective is to control a given punctual output. The control design is based on the concept of the characteristic index from geometric control theory. The idea consists of making the boundary condition homogeneous by inserting the manipulated variable into the state equation using a proposed linear transformation. Then, in order to overcome the controllability problem and to have a finite characteristic index, a weighted value of the system state, along the spatial domain, is considered as an auxiliary output. By calculating the successive derivatives of the measured output, a state feedback that enforces a set point tracking of the measured output is developed. The stability of the resulting closed-loop control system is demonstrated based on Lyapunov's method. Then, in order to meet the desired control objective of the punctual output, a control strategy is proposed based on the steady-state analysis. The tracking performance of the developed control strategy is evaluated through numerical simulation by considering the temperature control of a thin metal rod modeled by a linear heat equation.
Real-Time Implementation of Optimal Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Globally Optimal Control of Acceleration Events
Authors: Asher Zachary D. , Trinko David A. , Payne Joshua D. , Geller Benjamin M. , Bradley Thomas H. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Widely published research shows that significant fuel economy improvements through optimal control of a vehicle powertrain are possible if the future vehicle velocity is known and real-time optimization calculations can be performed. In this research, however, we seek to advance the field of optimal powertrain control by limiting future vehicle operation knowledge and using no real-time optimization calculations. We have realized optimal control of acceleration events (AEs) in real-time by studying optimal control trends across 384 real world drive cycles and deriving an optimal control strategy for specific acceleration event categories using dynamic programming (DP). This optimal control strategy is then applied to all other acceleration events in its category, as well as separate standard and custom drive cycles using a look-up table. Fuel economy improvements of 2% average for acceleration events and 3.9% for an independent drive cycle were observed when compared to our rigorously validated 2010 Toyota Prius model. Our conclusion is that optimal control can be implemented in real-time using standard vehicle controllers assuming extremely limited information about future vehicle operation is known such as an approximate starting and ending velocity for an acceleration event.
Impact of Wall Waviness on the Convection Patterns Inside a Horizontal Porous Annulus
Authors: Belabid Jabrane 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A numerical simulation of natural convection in a horizontal porous annulus with an internal wavy surface has been carried out. Governing equations include the heat equation and the hydrodynamics equations under Darcy law and Boussinesq approximation. The mathematical model formulated with the temperature-stream function is solved numerically using the finite difference method with the alternating direction implicit scheme. Results show that the heat transfer and the convective instability depend strongly on the waviness of the inner cylinder. Last, streamlines and isotherms are presented for different waviness parameters of the internal wall for better understanding of the influence of amplitude and number of undulations on the thermo-convective instabilities.
Digital Sequence and Virtual Path Construction-Based Impact Imaging Method for Onboard Monitoring of Aerospace Composite Structures
Authors: Ren Yuanqiang , Qiu Lei , Yuan Shenfang , Lin Xiaodong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Because of the rapidly growing use and poor impact resistance of composite materials, impact monitoring of composite structures has become more and more important, especially for aerospace engineering applications. Among the existing impact monitoring methods, piezoelectric transducer (PZT) network and guided wave-based imaging method has proved to be an effective structural health monitoring (SHM) technology. However, the pursuit of accurate localization of ordinary impact imaging methods comes at a cost, the high requirement for the SHM hardware system making these methods inapplicable for onboard impact monitoring. In order to realize accurate impact monitoring of aerospace composite structures onboard, this paper proposes a digital sequence and virtual path construction-based impact imaging method, which is simple enough to work in a digital impact monitor with a greatly simplified hardware system. The monitor is used to convert the impact response signals of PZTs into digital sequences, based on which the method first recognizes the impact occurring sub-region. Then, the virtual pitch–catch paths of the recognized sub-region are innovatively defined and constructed to estimate the impact-induced influence on these paths so that the path-synthesis imaging algorithm-based impact imaging can be performed with little computation cost. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, a total of 90 impacts are applied on a composite unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wing, and experimental results show the good performance of accurate impact imaging and localization.
Dynamic Response of Fractionally Damped Viscoelastic Plates Subjected to a Moving Point Load
Authors: Praharaj Rajendra Kumar , Datta Nabanita , Sunny Mohammed Rabius 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe dynamic response of fractionally damped viscoelastic plates subjected to a moving point load is investigated. In order to capture the viscoelastic dynamic behavior more accurately, the material is modeled using the fractionally damped Kelvin–Voigt model (rather than the integer-type viscoelastic model). The Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative of order 0 &lt; α ≤ 1 is applied. Galerkin's method and Newton–Raphson technique are used to evaluate the natural frequencies and corresponding damping coefficients. The structure is subject to a moving point load, traveling at different speeds. The modal summation technique is applied to generate the dynamic response of the plate. The influence of the order of the fractional derivative on the free and transient vibrations is studied for different velocities of the moving load. The results are compared with those using the classical integer-type Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model. The results show that an increase in the order of the fractional derivative causes a significant decrease in the maximum dynamic amplification factor, especially in the “dynamic zone” of the normalized sweep time. The dynamic behavior of the plate is verified with ansys.
Performance of Public Film Cooling Geometries Produced Through Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Snyder Jacob C. , Thole Karen A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Film cooling is an essential cooling technology to allow modern gas turbines to operate at high temperatures. For years, researchers in this community have worked to improve the effectiveness of film cooling configurations by maximizing the coolant coverage and minimizing the heat flux from the hot gas into the part. Working toward this goal has generated many promising film cooling concepts with unique shapes and configurations. However, until recently, many of these designs were challenging to manufacture in actual turbine hardware due to limitations with legacy manufacturing methods. Now, with the advances in additive manufacturing, it is possible to create turbine parts using high-temperature nickel alloys that feature detailed and unique geometry features. Armed with this new manufacturing power, this study aims to build and test the promising designs from the public literature that were previously difficult or impossible to implement. In this study, different cooling hole designs were manufactured in test coupons using a laser powder bed fusion process. Each nickel alloy coupon featured a single row of engine scale cooling holes, fed by a microchannel. To evaluate performance, the overall cooling effectiveness of each coupon was measured using a matched Biot test at engine relevant conditions. The results showed that certain hole shapes are better suited for additive manufacturing than others and that the manufacturing process can cause significant deviations from the performance reported in the literature.
Effect of 45-deg Rib Orientations on Heat Transfer in a Rotating Two-Pass Channel With Aspect Ratio from 4:1 to 2:1
Authors: Sahin Izzet , Chen Andrew F , Shiau Chao-Cheng , Han Je-Chin , Krewinkel Robert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The internal cooling passages of gas turbine blades mostly have varying aspect ratios from one passage to another. However, there are limited data available in the open literature that used a reduced cross section and aspect ratio (AR), after the tip turn. Therefore, the current study presents heat transfer and pressure drop of three different α = 45 deg profiled rib orientations, typical parallel (usual), reversed parallel (unusual), and crisscross patterns in a rotating two-pass rectangular channel with AR = 4:1 and 2:1 in the first radially outward flow and second radially inward flow passages, respectively. For each rib orientation, regional averaged heat transfer results are obtained for both the flow passages with the Reynolds number ranging from 10,000 to 70,000 for the first passage and 16,000 to 114,000 for the second passage with a rotational speed range of 0–400 rpm. This results in the highest rotation number of 0.39 and 0.16 for the first and second passage respectively. The effects of rib orientation, aspect ratio variation, 180-deg tip turn, and rotation number on the heat transfer and pressure drop will be addressed. According to the results, for usual, unusual and crisscross rib patterns, increasing rotation number causes the heat transfer to decrease on the leading surface and increase on the trailing surface for the first passage and vice versa for the second passage. The overall heat transfer enhancement of the usual and unusual rib patterns is higher than the crisscross one. In terms of the pressure losses, the crisscross rib pattern has the lowest and the usual rib pattern has the highest-pressure loss coefficients. When pressure loss and heat transfer enhancement are both taken into account together, the crisscross or unusual rib pattern might be an option to use in the internal cooling method. Therefore, the results can be useful for the turbine blade internal cooling design and heat transfer analysis.
Evaluation of Turbulent Spot Production Rate in Boundary Layers Under Variable Pressure Gradients for Gas Turbine Applications
Authors: Dellacasagrande M. , Lengani D. , Simoni D. , Ubaldi M. , Zunino P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper presents several results from an experimental data base on transitional boundary layers developing on a flat plate installed within a variable area opening endwall channel. Measurements have been carried out by means of time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV). The overall test matrix spans three Reynolds numbers, four freestream turbulence intensity levels, and four different flow pressure gradients. For each condition, 16,000 instantaneous flow fields have been acquired in order to obtain high statistical accuracy. The flow parameters have been varied in order to provide a gradual shift of the mode of transition from a by-pass process to separated flow transition. In order to quantify the influence of the flow parameter variation on the boundary layer transition process, the transition onset and end positions, and the turbulent spot production rate have been evaluated with a wavelet-based intermittency detection technique for every condition exhibiting a complete transition process. The by-pass transition mode has the longest transition length that decreases with increasing the Reynolds number. The transition length of the separated flow case is smaller than the by-pass one, and the variation of the flow parameters has a similar impact. The variation of the inlet turbulence intensity has a small influence on this parameter except for the condition at the highest turbulence intensity that always shows the lowest turbulent spot production rate because a by-pass type transition occurs. This large amount of data has been used to develop new correlations used to predict the spot production rate and the transition length in attached and separated flows.
Ligament and Bone Arch Partition of the Carpal Tunnel by Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography
Authors: Shah Rakshit , Li Zong-Ming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The carpal tunnel is geometrically irregular due to the complex composition of many carpal bones intercalated by numerous intercarpal ligaments. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relative contributions of the ligament and bone arches to carpal tunnel space at the proximal, middle, and distal tunnel regions. A catheter ultrasound probe acquired fan-like images inside cadaveric carpal tunnels for three-dimensional reconstruction of the tunnel. The total tunnel volume was 5367.6 ± 940.1 mm3 with contributions of 12.0%, 6.9%, and 4.1% by proximal, middle, and distal ligament arches, respectively, and 27.0%, 25.3%, and 24.7% by proximal, middle, and distal bone arches, respectively. The bone arch occupied more tunnel space than the ligament arch at all regions (p &lt; 0.05). The ligament arch was largest at the proximal region of the tunnel and significantly decreased toward the distal region (p &lt; 0.05). However, the bone arch significantly decreased only from the proximal to middle region (p &lt; 0.05) but not from the middle to distal region (p = 0.311). Consequently, it was observed that the ligament arch was the key contributor to the unequal carpal tunnel space across regions. Partitional and regional tunnel morphometric information may provide a better understanding of tunnel abnormality associated with various wrist pathological conditions. The developed framework of ultrasonography and data processing can be applied to other areas of interest in the musculoskeletal system.
Additive Manufacturing Distortion Compensation Based on Scan Data of Built Geometry
Authors: McConaha Matthew , Anand Sam 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) are highly attractive manufacturing processes due to the ability to create certain geometries which would be prohibitive or even impossible to manufacture by other means. However, with such high thermal gradients which are usually present in these processes, manufacturing distortions may result in the creation of unacceptable parts. This paper presents an approach to compensate input STL files based on registration of the point cloud from sacrificial part builds. A novel strain energy based non-rigid registration algorithm has been developed for robust registration of data points to the original computer-aided design (CAD) model. A neural network based approach is used to learn the deformation of the geometry based on the deviation of the scan geometry. This network is subsequently used to modify the STL file to generate a new compensated STL file. The compensated STL file was validated by building parts and comparing the change in the part distortion.