bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globular clusters in the inner Galaxy classified from dynamical orbital criteria
Authors: Pérez-Villegas Angeles , Barbuy Beatriz , Kerber Leandro , Ortolani Sergio , Souza Stefano O , Bica Eduardo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Globular clusters (GCs) are the most ancient stellar systems in the Milky Way. Therefore, they play a key role in the understanding of the early chemical and dynamical evolution of our Galaxy. Around 40% of them are placed within ∼4 kpc from the Galactic center. In that region, all Galactic components overlap, making their disentanglement a challenging task. With Gaia DR2, we have accurate absolute proper motions for the entire sample of known GCs that have been associated with the bulge/bar region. Combining them with distances, from RR Lyrae when available, as well as radial velocities from spectroscopy, we can perform an orbital analysis of the sample, employing a steady Galactic potential with a bar. We applied a clustering algorithm to the orbital parameters apogalactic distance and the maximum vertical excursion from the plane, in order to identify the clusters that have high probability to belong to the bulge/bar, thick disk, inner halo, or outer halo component. We found that $\sim 30\%$ of the clusters classified as bulge GCs based on their location are just passing by the inner Galaxy, they appear to belong to the inner halo or thick disk component, instead. Most of GCs that are confirmed to be bulge GCs are not following the bar structure and are older than the epoch of the bar formation.
Somatic Mutations and Genome Stability Maintenance in Clonal Coral Colonies
Authors: López Elora H , Palumbi Stephen R 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne challenge for multicellular organisms is maintaining genome stability in the face of mutagens across long life spans. Imperfect genome maintenance leads to mutation accumulation in somatic cells, which is associated with tumors and senescence in vertebrates. Colonial reef-building corals are often large, can live for hundreds of years, rarely develop recognizable tumors, and are thought to convert somatic cells into gamete producers, so they are a pivotal group in which to understand long-term genome maintenance. To measure rates and patterns of somatic mutations, we analyzed transcriptomes from 17 to 22 branches from each of four Acropora hyacinthus colonies, determined putative single nucleotide variants, and verified them with Sanger resequencing. Unlike for human skin carcinomas, there is no signature of mutations caused by UV damage, indicating either higher efficiency of repair than in vertebrates, or strong sunscreen protection in these shallow water tropical animals. The somatic mutation frequency per nucleotide in A. hyacinthus is on the same order of magnitude (10−7) as noncancerous human somatic cells, and accumulation of mutations with age is similar. Loss of heterozygosity variants outnumber gain of heterozygosity mutations ∼2:1. Although the mutation frequency is similar in mammals and corals, the preponderance of loss of heterozygosity changes and potential selection may reduce the frequency of deleterious mutations in colonial animals like corals. This may limit the deleterious effects of somatic mutations on the coral organism as well as potential offspring.
Toward Precision Medicine for Smoking Cessation: Developing a Neuroimaging-Based Classification Algorithm to Identify Smokers at Higher Risk for Relapse
Authors: Frank David W , Cinciripini Paul M , Deweese Menton M , Karam-Hage Maher , Kypriotakis George , Lerman Caryn , Robinson Jason D , Tyndale Rachel F , Vidrine Damon J , Versace Francesco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
By improving our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying addiction, neuroimaging research is helping to identify new targets for personalized treatment interventions. When trying to quit, smokers with larger electrophysiological responses to cigarette-related, compared with pleasant, stimuli (“C &gt; P”) are more likely to relapse than smokers with the opposite brain reactivity profile (“P &gt; C”).

Aim and Method
The goal was to (1) build a classification algorithm to identify smokers characterized by P &gt; C or C &gt; P neuroaffective profiles and (2) validate the algorithm’s classification outcomes in an independent data set where we assessed both smokers’ electrophysiological responses at baseline and smoking abstinence during a quit attempt. We built the classification algorithm applying discriminant function analysis on the event-related potentials evoked by emotional images in 180 smokers.

Results
The predictive validity of the classifier showed promise in an independent data set that included new data from 177 smokers interested in quitting; the algorithm classified 111 smokers as P &gt; C and 66 as C &gt; P. The overall abstinence rate was low; 15 individuals (8.5% of the sample) achieved CO-verified 12-month abstinence. Although individuals classified as P &gt; C were nearly 2.5 times more likely to be abstinent than smokers classified as C &gt; P (12 vs. 3, or 11% vs. 4.5%), this result was nonsignificant, preliminary, and in need of confirmation in larger trials.

Conclusion
These results suggest that psychophysiological techniques have the potential to advance our knowledge of the neurobiological underpinnings of nicotine addiction and improve clinical applications. However, larger sample sizes are necessary to reliably assess the predictive ability of our algorithm.

Implications
We assessed the clinical relevance of a neuroimaging-based classification algorithm on an independent sample of smokers enrolled in a smoking cessation trial and found those with the tendency to attribute more relevance to rewards than cues were nearly 2.5 times more likely to be abstinent than smokers with the opposite brain reactivity profile (11% vs. 4.5%). Although this result was not statistically significant, it suggests our neuroimaging-based classification algorithm can potentially contribute to the development of new precision medicine interventions aimed at treating substance use disorders. Regardless, these findings are still preliminary and in need of confirmation in larger trials.
Time and Work in Rural England, 1500–1700*
Authors: Hailwood Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
‘Free of haste, careless of exactitude, unconcerned by productivity.’ This is how Jacques Le Goff characterized the temporality of pre-industrial rural working life. In E. P. Thompson’s famous argument, it was only with the arrival of the factory and the industrial age that the erratic rhythms of English working people were abruptly swept away by a new imperative for long and regular working hours controlled by the clock. It is a thesis that has been much debated in relation to pre- and non-industrial cities, and with regard to the impact of industrialization when it arrived. There has, however, been very little scrutiny of its account of the relationship between time and work in rural England before industrialization. This article therefore offers the first extensive empirical study of both time consciousness and work-related time-use in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century rural England. It does so by drawing on the testimony that ordinary women and men gave before the courts, testimony that often divulged both how those people told the time of day, and how they used it. What emerges is that English rural society in this period had a relatively high degree of clock-time awareness, and that everyday patterns of work followed more consistent and regular rhythms than Thompson’s thesis allows. As a consequence, the article argues that we need to question the assumption that the long hours and work discipline of ‘modernity’ had no roots in ‘traditional’ English rural life.
Identification of Two Arabidopsis thaliana Plasma Membrane Transporters Able to Transport Glucose 1-Phosphate
Authors: Malinova Irina , Kössler Stella , Orawetz Tom , Matthes Ulrike , Orzechowski Slawomir , Koch Anke , Fettke Joerg 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Primary carbohydrate metabolism in plants includes several sugar and sugar-derivative transport processes. Over recent years, evidences have shown that in starch-related transport processes, in addition to glucose 6-phosphate, maltose, glucose and triose-phosphates, glucose 1-phosphate also plays a role and thereby increases the possible fluxes of sugar metabolites in planta. In this study, we report the characterization of two highly similar transporters, At1g34020 and At4g09810, in Arabidopsis thaliana, which allow the import of glucose 1-phosphate through the plasma membrane. Both transporters were expressed in yeast and were biochemically analyzed to reveal an antiport of glucose 1-phosphate/phosphate. Furthermore, we showed that the apoplast of Arabidopsis leaves contained glucose 1-phosphate and that the corresponding mutant of these transporters had higher glucose 1-phosphate amounts in the apoplast and alterations in starch and starch-related metabolism.
High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Is Effective in Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy Resistant to Conventional Treatments. Results of a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial
Authors: Jann Stefano , Fazio Raffaella , Cocito Dario , Toscano Antonio , Schenone Angelo , Marfia Gerolama Alessandra , Antonini Giovanni , De Toni Franceschini Luisa , Mazzeo Anna , Grandis Marina , Velardo Daniele , Mataluni Giorgia , Peci Erdita 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The efficacy and safety of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in treatment-resistant diabetic painful polyneuropathy (DPN) were assessed.

Design
This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial (EudraCT 2010–023883–42).

Setting
This trial was conducted at eight sites in Italy with a neurology specialist level of care.

Subjects
Twenty-six diabetic patients with DPN who reported baseline severity of pain &gt;60 units (mm) on a VAS scale at enrollment and were resistant to antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs were enrolled; 23 were randomized (11 in the IVIG arm and 12 in the placebo arm). All patients completed the study and were evaluated. All patients were Caucasian, 15 were male, and 21 had a diagnosis of type II diabetes.

Methods
IVIG (0.4 g/kg/d) or placebo was given for five consecutive days. Pain intensity (visual analog scale, Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory) and quality of life (36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, Clinical/Patient Global Impression of Change questionnaires) assessments were performed at visits: baseline, start of therapy (one week later), end of therapy (five days later), and follow-up (four and eight weeks later).

Results
The study achieved its prespecified primary end point of ≥50% pain reduction at four weeks after IVIG, achieved in seven of 11 patients (63.6%) in the IVIG group vs zero of 12 in the placebo group (P = 0.0013). Only two adverse events were reported during the study: one patient in the treatment arm reported a mild “dermatitis psoriasiform,” whereas one patient from the placebo group reported a mild “influenza.”

Conclusions
Treatment with IVIG at the dose given was efficacious and safe for patients with DPN resistant to standard therapies.
Long-term surveillance of biologic therapies in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: data from the German BIKER registry
Authors: Klein Ariane , Klotsche Jens , Hügle Boris , Minden Kirsten , Hospach Anton , Weller-Heinemann Frank , Schwarz Tobias , Dressler Frank , Trauzeddel Ralf , Hufnagel Markus , Foeldvari Ivan , Borte Michael , Kuemmerle-Deschner Jasmin , Brunner Jürgen , Oommen Prasad Thomas , Föll Dirk , Tenbrock Klaus , Urban Andreas , Horneff Gerd 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
Using data from the German Biologics JIA Registry (BIKER), long-term safety of biologics for systemic-onset JIA with regard to adverse events of special interest was assessed.

Methods
Safety assessments were based on adverse event reports after first dose through 90 days after last dose. Rates of adverse event, serious adverse event and 25 predefined adverse events of special interest were analysed. Incidence rates were compared for each biologic against all other biologics combined applying a mixed-effect Poisson model.

Results
Of 260 systemic-onset JIA patients in this analysis, 151 patients received etanercept, 109 tocilizumab, 71 anakinra and 51 canakinumab. Patients with etanercept had higher clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score 10 scores, active joint counts and steroid use at therapy start. Serious adverse events were reported with higher frequency in patients receiving canakinumab [20/100 patient years (PY)] and tocilizumab (21/100 PY). Cytopenia and hepatic events occurred with a higher frequency with tocilizumab and canakinumab. Medically important infections were seen more often in patients with IL-6 or IL-1 inhibition. Macrophage activation syndrome occurred in all cohorts with a higher frequency in patients with canakinumab (3.2/100 PY) and tocilizumab (2.5/100 PY) vs anakinra (0.83/100 PY) and etanercept (0.5/100 PY). After adjustment only an elevated risk for infections in anakinra-treated patients remained significant. Three definite malignancies were reported in patients ever exposed to biologics. Two deaths occurred in patients treated with etanercept.

Conclusion
Surveillance of pharmacotherapy as provided by BIKER is an import approach especially for patients on long-term treatment. Overall, tolerance was acceptable. Differences between several biologics were noted and should be considered in daily patient care.
Genome-Scale Model-Based Identification of Metabolite Indicators for Early Detection of Kidney Toxicity
Authors: Pannala Venkat R , Vinnakota Kalyan C , Estes Shanea K , Trenary Irina , OˈBrien Tracy P , Printz Richard L , Papin Jason A , Reifman Jaques , Oyama Tatsuya , Shiota Masakazu , Young Jamey D , Wallqvist Anders 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIdentifying early indicators of toxicant-induced organ damage is critical to provide effective treatment. To discover such indicators and the underlying mechanisms of toxicity, we used gentamicin as an exemplar kidney toxicant and performed systematic perturbation studies in Sprague Dawley rats. We obtained high-throughput data 7 and 13 h after administration of a single dose of gentamicin (0.5 g/kg) and identified global changes in genes in the liver and kidneys, metabolites in the plasma and urine, and absolute fluxes in central carbon metabolism. We used these measured changes in genes in the liver and kidney as constraints to a rat multitissue genome-scale metabolic network model to investigate the mechanism of gentamicin-induced kidney toxicity and identify metabolites associated with changes in tissue gene expression. Our experimental analysis revealed that gentamicin-induced metabolic perturbations could be detected as early as 7 h postexposure. Our integrated systems-level analyses suggest that changes in kidney gene expression drive most of the significant metabolite alterations in the urine. The analyses thus allowed us to identify several significantly enriched injury-specific pathways in the kidney underlying gentamicin-induced toxicity, as well as metabolites in these pathways that could serve as potential early indicators of kidney damage.
Evaluating low back pain in adolescents
Authors: Garvick Sarah J. , Creecy Candice , Miller Megan , Schafer Lorae , Spooner Alex , Tazewell Ann Wallace , Gregory Tanya 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Low back pain in adolescents is a common complaint in primary care. With an average prevalence rate of 40%, adolescent low back pain correlates with greater healthcare use, higher incidences of adult back pain, and negative effects on overall well-being. A thorough history and physical examination can increase early detection and accurate diagnosis while ensuring the judicious use of diagnostic modalities. Although underlying serious pathology is rare in adolescents with low back pain, clinicians should recognize specific signs and symptoms that necessitate urgent evaluation and intervention. This article emphasizes the value of using a thorough history and physical examination to guide the initial diagnostic workup and to enhance the early detection and accurate diagnosis of adolescents who present with low back pain.
Cardiac auscultation
Authors: Klocko David J. , Hanifin Christopher 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Auscultation of heart sounds and murmurs often is taught in a simulated environment with optimal listening conditions. Clinicians' auscultation skills can wither if they do not have contact with patients with valvular heart disease during clinical practice, or if they rely on handheld ultrasound devices or echocardiography. This article reviews heart murmurs and how to use physiologic maneuvers during the cardiac examination to assist in identifying murmurs.
A Review of Clinical Informatics Competencies in Nursing to Inform Best Practices in Education and Nurse Faculty Development
Authors: Forman Tracia M. , Armor David A. , Miller Ava S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this literature review was to determine the state of the science related to clinical informatics competencies of registered nurses and to determine best practices in educational strategies for both nursing students and faculty.

BACKGROUND
Continued emphasis on the provision of evidence-based patient care has implications for requisite informatics-focused competencies to be threaded throughout all levels of nursing educational programs.

METHOD
Whittemore and Knalf’s five-step integrative review process guided this research. An extensive search yielded 69 publications for critical appraisal.

RESULTS
Results suggest nursing educational programs do not adhere to standardized criteria for teaching nursing informatics competencies. Another identified literature gap was the scarcity of research related to informatics training requirements for nurse educators.

CONCLUSION
Findings support the need for continued research to provide clear direction about the expected clinical informatics competencies of graduate nurses and what training faculty need to facilitate student learning.
Bridge Flaps: A Hybrid Family of Bipedicled Flaps for the Forehead, Temple, and Scalp: Experience With 103 Cases
Authors: Salmon Paul J.M. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND
Medium-sized defects of the scalp, temple, and forehead can be challenging to reconstruct in an aesthetic fashion. The author proposes the use of a hybrid flap that is at times bipedicled, perforator, and/or axially supplied.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the author's experience with the bridge flap and its various subtypes.

METHODS
An IRB-approved retrospective database review of all bridge flaps was performed at all Skin Cancer Institute facilities. The design and method of dissection are detailed and illustrated, including that of each hybrid of the bridge flap.

RESULTS
The bridge flap is a single-stage local flap that provides appropriate tissue match by harnessing adjacent laxity of tissues to recreate the original anatomy of the surgical site without disturbance of free margins or aesthetic landmarks.

CONCLUSION
The bridge flap is simple to perform and a reliable and robust method of obtaining immediate tissue reconstruction for medium sized defects of the scalp, temple, and forehead.
Role of Left Ventricle Function in Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcomes in Stage B Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Braga Marta , Nascimento Helena , Nunes Alzira , Araújo Paulo , Pinto Roberto , Rodrigues Joana , Araújo Vítor , Parada-Pereira Fernando , Maciel Maria Júlia , Rocha Afonso 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To study the role of left ventricle systolic function in cardiac rehabilitation program (CRP) response in stage B heart failure patients.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was completed of 691 patients with previous myocardial infarction that underwent a CRP, classified in 3 groups: preserved ejection fraction (pEF), mid-range ejection fraction (mrEF), and reduced ejection fraction (rEF). We compared the response to CRP analyzing the relative changes of estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRFe), resting heart rate (HR), and chronotropic index (CI).

Results:
After exercise training (median [interquartile range]) mrEF (23.9% [9.7, 40.8]) and rEF (23.9% [9.7, 41.2]) groups had a better CRFe response to CRP than pEF groups (17.6% [0.0, 35.9]), P = .009. CI increased similarly in all groups. We found a small effect of CRP on resting HR.

Conclusion:
Exercise-based CRP yields notable benefits to mrEF and rEF groups and the magnitude of its benefits is, at least, similar to that found in pEF patients.
Double-Dissociation Studies in Psychiatric Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kilçiksiz Can Mişel , Öngür Dost 
Published: November 2019

Learning objectives
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:
• Evaluate the double-dissociation approach to research in neuropsychology
• Assess research aiming to provide evidence of double dissociation between neurobiological abnormalities and clinical presentations in psychiatry

Background
Psychiatric neuroscience research has grown exponentially, but it has not generated the desired breakthroughs in diagnosis, treatment development, or treatment selection. In many instances a given neurobiological abnormality is found in multiple clinical syndromes, and conversely, a clinical syndrome is associated with multiple neurobiological abnormalities. To the extent that neurobiology research is conducted to explain psychiatric manifestations, however, it should also provide insight into how certain brain abnormalities lead to one and not another specific clinical presentation—that is, “double-dissociation.” We hypothesized that most psychiatric research studies are not designed to identify such double dissociations.

Methods
We selected three leading psychiatric journals (American Journal of Psychiatry, JAMA Psychiatry, and Molecular Psychiatry) that are representative of high-quality psychiatry research and that also provided a sample size that was feasible to screen. We screened all original research manuscripts published over the course of one calendar year (2017) to identify those measuring brain function or biological parameters (which, collectively, we term neurobiological measures) in psychiatric disorders. We asked whether such biological research could provide evidence for a double dissociation of any kind.

Results
We found that only 7 of 403 articles published in three psychiatry journals, constituting approximately 2% of publications, examined the dissociation of neurobiological measures relating to two psychiatric disorders or symptom clusters. Of these 7 studies, 5 used imaging as research tool; 1 used genotype array; and 1 used polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sample sizes of the 7 studies ranged from 100 to 2876.

Conclusion
We report on a striking paucity of research aiming to provide evidence of double dissociation between neurobiological abnormalities and clinical presentations in psychiatry. We conclude that this paucity represents a missed opportunity for the field. Double-dissociation approaches have been used successfully in many studies in neurology and psychiatry in the past, and more widespread and explicit adoption of this design may improve the mechanistic insights obtained in psychiatry research.