bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diversity of Nitrogen-Cycling Microbial Genes in a Waste Stabilization Pond Reveals Changes over Space and Time that Is Uncoupled to Changing Nitrogen Chemistry
Authors: Rose A. , Padovan A. , Christian K. , van de Kamp J. , Kaestli M. , Tsoukalis S. , Bodrossy L. , Gibb K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNitrogen removal is an important process for wastewater ponds prior to effluent release. Bacteria and archaea can drive nitrogen removal if they possess the genes required to metabolize nitrogen. In the tropical savanna of northern Australia, we identified the previously unresolved microbial communities responsible for nitrogen cycling in a multi-pond wastewater stabilization system by measuring genomic DNA and cDNA for the following:nifH(nitrogen fixation);nosZ(denitrification);hzsA(anammox); archaealAamoAand bacterialBamoA(ammonia oxidation);nxrB(nitrite oxidation); andnrfA(dissimilatory NO3reduction to NH3). By collecting 160 DNA and 40 cDNA wastewater samples and measuring nitrogen (N)-cycling genes using a functional gene array, we found that genes from all steps of the N cycle were present and, except fornxrB, were also expressed. As expected, N-cycling communities showed daily, seasonal, and yearly shifts. However, contrary to our prediction, probes from most functional groups, excludingnosZandAamoA, were different between ponds. Further, different genes that perform the same N-cycling role sometimes had different trends over space and time, resulting in only weak correlations between the different functional communities. Although N-cycling communities were correlated with wastewater nitrogen levels and physico-chemistry, the relationship was not strong enough to reliably predict the presence or diversity of N-cycling microbes. The complex and dynamic response of these genes to other functional groups and the changing physico-chemical environment provides insight into why altering wastewater pond conditions can result an abundance of some gene variants while others are lost.
Preventable Morbidity and Mortality Among Non‐trauma Emergency Surgery Patients: The Role of Personal Performance and System Flaws in Adverse Events
Authors: Velmahos Constantine S. , Kokoroskos Nikolaos , Tarabanis Constantine , Kaafarani Haytham M. , Gupta Sanjay , Paranjape Charudutt N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPreventable morbidity and mortality among emergency surgery patients is not adequately analyzed. We aim to describe and classify preventable complications and deaths in this population.MethodsThe medical records and quality control documents of patients with emergency, non‐trauma, surgical disease admitted between September 1, 2006, and August 31, 2018, and recorded to have a preventable or potentially preventable morbidity and mortality were reviewed. The primary outcome was a classification of the complications and deaths by a panel of experts, as attributable to issues of personal performance or system deficiencies.ResultsOne hundred and fifty patients were identified (127 complications and 23 deaths). The most commonly encountered preventable complications were surgical‐site infection (17%), bleeding (13%), injury to adjacent structures (12%), and anastomotic leak (8%). The majority of complications seemed to stem from personal performance (97%), due to either technical or judgment issues, and only 3% were linked with system flaws, either in the form of communication or inadequate protocols. Alcohol use disorder and duration of operation were different between patients with preventable adverse events related to technical issues and patients related to judgment issues; furthermore, more patients who experienced judgment issues died during hospital stay (p <0.05).ConclusionAmong emergency surgery patients, who suffer preventable complications and deaths, issues related to personal performance are more frequent than system flaws. Whereas the effort to improve systems should be unwavering, the emphasis on the surgeon's personal responsibility to avoid preventable complications should not be derailed.
Clinical utility of circulating tumor-associated cells to predict and monitor chemo-response in solid tumors
Authors: Crook Timothy , Gaya Andrew , Page Raymond , Limaye Sewanti , Ranade Anantbhushan , Bhatt Amit , Patil Sanket , Kumar Prashant , Patil Darshana , Akolkar Dadasaheb 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Selection of cytotoxic chemotherapy agents (CCA) based on pre-treatment evaluation of drug sensitivities is a desirable but unmet goal for personalized anticancer treatment strategies. Prior attempts to correlate in vitro Chemo-Response Profiles (CRP) of tumor explants or Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) with clinical outcomes have been largely unsuccessful.

Methods
We present results from a large cohort (n = 5090, three Arms) of patients with various solid organ tumors, where CRP of Circulating Tumor-Associated Cells (C-TACs) was determined against cancer-specific CCA panels to generate a database of 56,466 unique CRP.

Results
In Arm 1 (n = 230), 93.7% concordance was observed between CRP of C-TACs and concurrently obtained Tumor tissue Derived Cells (TDCs). In arm 2 (n = 2201, pretreated), resistance of C-TACs to ≥ 1 CCA was observed in 79% of cases. In a blinded subset analysis of 143 pretreated patients with radiologically ascertained disease progression, CRP of C-TACs was 87% concordant with in vivo treatment failure. In Arm 3 (n = 2734, therapy naïve), innate resistance of C-TACs to ≥ 1 CCA was observed in 61% of cases. In a blinded subset analysis of 77 therapy naïve patients, in vitro chemo-sensitivity of C-TACs was concordant with radiologically ascertained treatment response to first line CCA in 97% of cases.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first expansive and in-depth study demonstrating that real-time CRP of C-TACs is a viable approach for non-invasive assessment of response to CCA in solid organ cancers.
On the recirculating flow of three-dimensional asymmetric bluff bodies
Authors: Legeai Antoine , Cadot Olivier 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper investigates the role of geometrical asymmetric modifications of a rectangular flat-backed body on the properties of the recirculating flow at a Reynolds number $$Re=1.8\times 10^5$$

R
e
=
1.8
×

10
5

. The reference model has two reflectional symmetries denoted $$s_y$$

s
y

and $$s_z$$

s
z

in both spanwise directions. The flow is subjected to the static instability that leads to two mirrored wake states breaking the symmetry $$s_y$$

s
y

. Two families of geometrical variation of the fore-body and after-body are studied, each breaking one of the reflectional symmetries of the reference model. Geometrical modifications that preserve $$s_y$$

s
y

evidence possibilities of bistable dynamics suppression although the static instability persists. Geometrical modifications that do not preserve $$s_y$$

s
y

produces a large unbalance of both wake states in accordance to recent observations on real cars (Bonnavion et al. in J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 184:77–89, 2019). Results offer perspectives for potential drag reduction induced by appropriate coupling of bluff body geometry and wake state selection.

Graphic abstract
Incidence of Horner syndrome associated with neuroblastic disease
Authors: Kuchalska Katarzyna , Barełkowska Monika , Derwich Katarzyna , Jończyk-Potoczna Katarzyna , Gotz-Więckowska Anna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Horner syndrome (HS) manifests in unilateral ptosis, miosis, enophthalmos, and anhedonia. It is most commonly caused by trauma or surgical procedures, but can also occur in pediatric patients as a result of tumors, especially neuroblastoma (NBL). The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of HS in patients diagnosed with NBL.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of data collected at the Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Transplantology from 2004 to 2019 was performed. The study group included 119 patients younger than 18 years old, with 62 girls and 57 boys. All of them were diagnosed with a neuroblastic tumor.

Results
Among the 119 patients, eight children (6.72%) were diagnosed with HS associated with NBL. Three of these patients presented to the clinic with HS, whereas HS developed after the surgical procedure to remove the tumor in four patients. The adrenal gland was the most frequent localization of the tumor. However, HS occurred more frequently in patients with mediastinum tumors. As a presenting symptom, HS occurred in 2 of 11 cases (18.18%) with mediastinum localization. All of the patients with HS were younger than 2 years old.

Conclusion
Investigation of the cause of isolated HS is crucial because it can be the first symptom of NBL. However, the surgical procedure itself increases the risk of HS as a complication of NBL treatment.
Parental occupational exposure and congenital heart diseases in a Hungarian case–control study
Authors: Fazekas-Pongor Vince , Fekete Mónika , Csáky-Szunyogh Melinda , Cseh Károly , Pénzes Melinda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Our study aimed to explore the effect of parental occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the development of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in the offspring, and to compare job-exposure matrix (JEM)-assessed and self-reported occupational exposures with each other.

Methods
Live-born infants born in 2007–2008 were selected from the population-based Hungarian Case–Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities Study. 577 cases with any CHDs were compared to 1731 matched controls. Parental periconceptional occupational exposure to EDCs was assessed by a JEM and by questionnaire-based self-reporting of parents. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between parental occupational exposure to EDCs and the entire spectrum of CHDs and by CHD subtypes in the offspring. Kappa statistics were also performed to determine the consistency among JEM-assessed and self-reported occupational exposure of parents.

Results
JEM-assessed paternal exposure to polychlorinated organic substances, phthalates, biphenolic compounds, and solvents were significantly associated with the entire spectrum of CHDs. Ventricular septal defects were significantly associated with paternal self-reported exposure to pesticides, while atrial septal defects were significantly associated to paternal JEM-assessed phthalate exposure. Paternal solvent exposure was significantly associated with atrial septal defects and right ventricle outflow tract obstructions. JEM-assessed and self-reported exposures to pesticides, heavy metals, and solvents exhibited poor agreement for mothers and slight agreement for fathers.

Conclusion
Even though parental occupational exposure to EDCs seems to have a minor impact on the occurrence of CHDs, the results of biological and environmental monitoring should be taken into consideration as well.
Associations of sustained smoking and smoking cessation with work-related outcomes: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Troelstra Sigrid A. , Boot Cécile R. L. , Harting Janneke , Geuskens Goedele A. , Kunst Anton E. , van der Beek Allard J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the association between sustained smoking and quitting with work-related outcomes among older workers.

Methods
We categorized a sample of older employees into non-smokers, sustained smokers and quitters. Multivariable regression models were used to test longitudinal associations of sustained smoking and smoking cessation with sickness absence, productivity loss and work ability.

Results
We included 3612 non-smokers, 673 sustained smokers and 246 quitters. Comparing sustained smokers to non-smokers, we found higher (but not statistically significant) sickness absence for sustained smokers [1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) − 0.16–2.17]. We did not find differences in productivity loss (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.60–1.13) and work ability (0.05, 95% CI −0.05–0.15). For employees with a relatively high physical health at baseline, comparing quitters to sustained smokers, we found higher (but not statistically significant) productivity loss for quitters (OR 2.23, 95% CI 0.94–5.31), and no difference in sickness absence (0.10, 95% CI − 2.67–2.87), and work ability (− 0.10, 95% CI − 0.36–0.16). For employees with a relatively low physical health at baseline, comparing quitters to sustained smokers, we found a statistically significant lower work ability (− 0.31, 95% CI − 0.57–0.05), and no difference in sickness absence (2.53, 95% CI − 1.29–6.34) and productivity loss (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.66–2.39).

Conclusions
We found no evidence that sustained smokers have less favorable work-related outcomes than non-smokers or that quitters have more favorable work-related outcomes than sustained smokers. The benefits of smoking cessation for employers might take a longer time to develop.
Inability to accumulate Ni in a genus of hyperaccumulators: the paradox of Odontarrhena sibirica (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Bettarini Isabella , Colzi Ilaria , Gonnelli Cristina , Pazzagli Luigia , Reeves Roger D. , Selvi Federico 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMain conclusionOdontarrhenais a highly diverse genus of Ni-hyperaccumulators. Here, we demonstrate substantial inability to accumulate Ni in the facultative serpentinophyteO. sibirica, which seems a unique case among the numerous species of the genus that grow on ultramafic soils.AbstractOdontarrhenais the most diverse genus of Ni-accumulating plants in W Eurasia, with most taxa growing obligatorily or facultatively on ultramafic soils. A notable exception may beO. sibirica, a facultative serpentinophyte from the E Mediterranean and W Asia in which accumulation ability is still enigmatic. We addressed this issue using observational and experimental methods. Atomic Absorption Analysis of 33 herbarium specimens and plant and soil samples from seven ultramafic and non-ultramafic sites in Greece revealed shoot Ni values always much lower than 1000 µg g−1, non-significant differences between plants from the two soil types and no relationship with soil pH. Only two Turkish specimens from waste mines had shoot Ni concentration > 1000 µg g−1. The reasons for this deviating result remain obscure, but may be associated with inherent peculiarities of the local populations. When cultivated together with congeneric Ni-accumulating species on the same natural ultramafic soil, onlyO. sibiricawas unable to accumulate the metal. Although plant growth was stimulated in hydroponics at relatively low NiSO4levels (50–150 µM), as typical for hyperaccumulators, Ni-accumulation occurred only at higher concentrations which had a toxic effect. This peculiar combination of Ni-response traits could be the result of a partial evolutionary loss of ability with respect to all other Ni-accumulating congeneric species. For this,O. sibiricacould represent a unique model system for further studies on the evolutionary dynamics, physiological mechanisms and genetic control of metal accumulation and homeostasis.
Ethnic differences in childhood right and left cardiac structure and function assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: van Genuchten Wouter J. , Toemen Liza , Roest Arno A. W. , Vernooij Meike W. , Gaillard Romy , Helbing Willem A. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEthnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors and disease are well-known and may originate in early-life. We examined the ethnic differences in cardiac structure and function in children using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in a European migrant population, and whether any difference was explained by early life factors. We used a prospective population-based cohort study among 2317 children in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We compared children from Dutch (73%), Cape Verdean (3.5%), Dutch Antillean (3.3%), Moroccan (6.1%), Surinamese-Creoles (3.9%), Surinamese-Hindustani (3.4%), and Turkish (6.4%) background. Main outcomes were cMRI-measured cardiac structures and function. Cardiac outcomes were standardized on body surface area. Cape Verdean, Surinamese-Hindustani, and Turkish children had smaller right ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume relative to their body size than Dutch children (p < 0.05). These results were not fully explained by fetal and childhood factors. Right ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular ejection fraction did not differ between ethnicities after adjustment for fetal and childhood factors.Conclusion: Right ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-diastolic volume differ between ethnic subgroups in childhood, without affecting ejection fraction. Follow-up studies are needed to investigate whether these differences lead to ethnic differences in cardiac disease in adulthood.

What is Known:• Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors and disease are well-known and may originate in early-life.• The prevalence of cardiovascular disease differs between ethnic groups.What is New:• We examined ethnic differences in left and right cardiac structure and function in children using cMRI.• Right and left cardiac dimensions differ between ethnic groups in childhood and are only partly explained by fetal and childhood factors.
EAES Recommendations for Recovery Plan in Minimally Invasive Surgery Amid COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   The EAES Group of Experts for Recovery Amid COVID-19 Pandemic, Arezzo Alberto , Francis Nader , Mintz Yoav , Adamina Michel , Antoniou Stavros A. , Bouvy Nicole , Copaescu Catalin , de Manzini Nicolò , Di Lorenzo Nicola , Morales-Conde Salvador , Müller-Stich Beat P. , Nickel Felix , Popa Dorin , Tait Diana , Thomas Cenydd , Nimmo Susan , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Pietrabissa Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 pandemic presented an unexpected challenge for the surgical community in general and Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) specialists in particular. This document aims to summarize recent evidence and experts’ opinion and formulate recommendations to guide the surgical community on how to best organize the recovery plan for surgical activity across different sub-specialities after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Recommendations were developed through a Delphi process for establishment of expert consensus. Domain topics were formulated and subsequently subdivided into questions pertinent to different surgical specialities following the COVID-19 crisis. Sixty-five experts from 24 countries, representing the entire EAES board, were invited. Fifty clinicians and six engineers accepted the invitation and drafted statements based on specific key questions. Anonymous voting on the statements was performed until consensus was achieved, defined by at least 70% agreement.

Results
A total of 92 consensus statements were formulated with regard to safe resumption of surgery across eight domains, addressing general surgery, upper GI, lower GI, bariatrics, endocrine, HPB, abdominal wall and technology/research. The statements addressed elective and emergency services across all subspecialties with specific attention to the role of MIS during the recovery plan. Eighty-four of the statements were approved during the first round of Delphi voting (91.3%) and another 8 during the following round after substantial modification, resulting in a 100% consensus.

Conclusion
The recommendations formulated by the EAES board establish a framework for resumption of surgery following COVID-19 pandemic with particular focus on the role of MIS across surgical specialities. The statements have the potential for wide application in the clinical setting, education activities and research work across different healthcare systems.
Joint Model of Probabilistic-Robust (Probust) Constraints Applied to Gas Network Optimization
Authors: Adelhütte Dennis , Aßmann Denis , Grandòn Tatiana Gonzàlez , Gugat Martin , Heitsch Holger , Henrion René , Liers Frauke , Nitsche Sabrina , Schultz Rüdiger , Stingl Michael , Wintergerst David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOptimization problems under uncertain conditions abound in many real-life applications. While solution approaches for probabilistic constraints are often developed in case the uncertainties can be assumed to follow a certain probability distribution, robust approaches are usually applied in case solutions are sought that are feasible for all realizations of uncertainties within some predefined uncertainty set. As many applications contain different types of uncertainties that require robust as well as probabilistic treatments, we deal with a class of joint probabilistic/robust constraints. Focusing on complex uncertain gas network optimization problems, we show the relevance of this class of problems for the task of maximizing free booked capacities in an algebraic model for a stationary gas network. We furthermore present approaches for finding their solution. Finally, we study the problem of controlling a transient system that is governed by the wave equation. The task consists in determining controls such that a certain robustness measure remains below some given upper bound with high probability.
Performance evaluation for the outsourcing of military base management services in the Republic of Korea using SERVQUAL and IPA
Authors: Kim Jinho , Lee Seongyoon , Lee Jaiill , Kang Seokjung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a contracting-out project for military base management in response to recent defense reforms in the Republic of Korea that require military forces to concentrate on operations and combat missions. In this study, the service quality perspective via SERVQUAL was applied to the ROK defense sector for the first time, with the soldiers viewed as customers receiving a service. In addition, to improve the effectiveness of the contracted services, the importance-performance analysis framework was employed to identify the tasks that required urgent attention. We conducted a large-scale survey of 2,112 uniformed members within pilot project units. To avoid problems such as insincere responses or low response rates, we held interviews with the officers managing the units on the subject of the importance and purpose of the questionnaire. As a result, it was found that the outsourcing of cleaning services was the most successful initiative, while mowing/landscaping had the most urgent tasks for improvement, with some respondents believing that reliability and assurance should be improved.
Wear Prediction in Oscillating Cold Forging Processes
Authors: Groche Peter , Schmidt Wilhelm 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Oscillating forming processes allow forming with reduced process forces when liquid lubricants are used. They are industrially applied as oscillating cold forging processes for the production of splines. Previous investigations revealed that the force reduction is provoked by relubrication of the workpiece—tool contact zone. So far, the effect of the oscillation on tool wear remains unknown. The results presented in this paper show that the wear critical region of the tool is the calibration zone. Tool wear is emulated on a test bench under loads of representative cold forging processes. The results disclose several relevant phenomena. Friction conditions can vary considerably in the course of the oscillations. Wear protection layers are effective measures to prolong tool life also under these conditions. Prediction of wear development based on established models fails due to neglecting the local state of lubrication.

Graphical Abstract