bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practices of Sacralization
Authors: Martín Eloísa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The concept of “popular religion” is among the most frequent to arise in debates on religion in sociology. Nevertheless, there is often disagreement on the scope of this concept and its definition, which are the result of an implicit and indiscriminate notion of religion. This chapter identifies three main groups of work that describe and apply different definitions of popular religion. The first considers popular religion as the religion of the “people.” The second focuses on the “functions” that popular religion fulfill among the poorest sectors of the population as a way of dealing with deprivation. The third group suggests the existence of a “different logic” to analyze religious events. Based on the main literature produced in Latin America on the subject, this chapter proposes a workaround to the problems raised by coining and discussing the concept of “practices of sacralization.”
Psychobiotics
Authors: Mörkl Sabrina , Butler Mary I. , Cichini Franziska , Cryan John F. , Dinan Timothy G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
For centuries, individuals have consumed probiotics as a means of improving quality of life and preventing disease. The gut microbiota refers to the collection of microorganisms residing within the gut. Psychiatric disorders show profound alterations of gut microbiota composition along with a lack of bacterial diversity. Specific subtypes of probiotics and prebiotics (fibers that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria) are referred to as psychobiotics, which impact the gut-brain axis and result in modifications of mood, anxiety, and cognitive function. It is essential for psychiatrists to improve their understanding of psychobiotic mechanisms and the evidence that supports their use in practice. In recent years, interventional studies have assessed the effects of psychobiotics for several symptom clusters, including depression and anxiety. However, some significant determinants, including duration of treatment, dosage of psychobiotics, and interactions with concomitant therapies, deserve more detailed investigation, and specific treatment guidelines for psychobiotics have not yet been established. The capacity of pre- and probiotics to modify psychological symptoms, while significant, is likely to be modest. In addition, this psychobiotic ability varies among probiotic strains—not all psychobiotics are right for all diseases. As psychobiotics are generally considered safe, this may justify their use as an add-on-therapy for some psychiatric indications. This chapter reviews the role of psychobiotics for mental health, their definition, their characteristics, and their mechanisms of action. Against the background of recent research, the chapter outlines a “psychobiotic prescription” to justify a condition-specific rationale for the use of psychobiotics based on recommendations in the current literature.
Exploring the Landscape of Emotion in Aesthetic Experience
Authors: Cupchik Gerald C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The term “aesthetic emotion” was treated differently by scholars from the late 19th and early 20th centuries compared with those from the 21st, and there is much to learn from the “early” group. William James distinguished “subtler emotions” that encompass aesthetic, scientific, and ethical qualities, in contrast to “coarse emotions,” such as happiness or sadness, which are part of everyday life. Others, such as Bosanquet, Clay, Bullough, and Dewey described underlying processes that shape aesthetic experiences during episodes of creation and reception. Their insight is that everyday emotions are elevated to abstract and universal levels during aesthetic episodes, much like Aristotle described more than 2,000 years ago. Later researchers, such as Menninghaus and colleagues, were influenced by the “cognitive turn” and treat “aesthetic emotions” as hypothetical constructs whose independent existence is predicated on word frequencies associated with stimulus ratings. The precision of current empiricism can benefit from incorporating rich theoretical musings of the past about aesthetic processes. A comprehensive model should integrate processes related to aesthetics and emotion during creation and reception episodes. Formal properties of art or literary works can stimulate feelings of pleasure or excitement. The subject matter can offer suggestions that elicit personal connections and related emotions.
A Socioevolutionary Approach to Religious Change
Authors: Cragun Ryan T. , Sumerau J. E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A number of scholars have suggested that religion may be explained using evolutionary theory and, in particular, natural selection. Much of this research suggests that behaviors encouraged by religions are beneficial while failing to illustrate a causal relationship between religiosity and these behaviors. This chapter challenges these approaches, arguing that religion is primarily a social phenomenon and that any health or evolutionary benefits that might indirectly derive from religions are actually attributable to the behaviors themselves: Religions have simply co-opted those behaviors. Additionally, it argues that natural selection alone is a problematic approach to understanding religion and suggests that Darwin’s notion of artificial selection be integrated into any attempts to use evolution to explain religion. We use examples from a variety of religions to illustrate how a socioevolutionary theory of religion that incorporates natural and artificial selection is preferable to approaches that rely exclusively on natural selection.
Religion as a Means of Perceived Security
Authors: Liddle James R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of religion, religiosity varies substantially at the individual and societal levels. This chapter presents a study that sought set to replicate and extend previous findings regarding Norris and Inglehart’s (2004) secure society theory of religiosity, which states that religiosity varies with the extent to which one feels secure in one’s environment. The relationship between individual perceptions of societal security—as opposed to national indicators of societal security—and religiosity has not previously been investigated. The study analyzed data from the General Social Survey, supplemented by Federal Bureau of Investigation and US Census data. The results indicated that the extent to which one feels safe walking around one’s neighborhood at night predicts religiosity, even when crime rate, poverty rate, age, sex, and race are controlled statistically. Additionally, time series analyses of data from 1980 to 2012 provided partial support for the secure society theory, with neighborhood fear and poverty predicting future religiosity.
Early Evolution and Forgotten Founders of Clinical Neuropsychology
Authors: Hartman David E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The history of clinical neuropsychology and development of the profession into its present form depended on several lines of inquiry about human behavior, illness, and brain function. Clinical neuropsychology required apparatus to measure cognitive functions, group research to objectively measure and catalogue those functions across the normative spectrum, more sophisticated neurodiagnostic nosology, and an approach that integrated behavioral, psychological, medical, and statistical expertise. Many scientists and practitioners since the late 1880s participated and contributed to this endeavor. This chapter describes how several “forgotten” and better-remembered founders of neuropsychology were able to advance the development of this profession, and how their contributions fit into the ongoing science that became clinical neuropsychology.
Evaluation of an Intrapartum Insulin Regimen for Women With Diabetes
Authors: Dude Annie M. , Niznik Charlotte , Peaceman Alan M. , Yee Lynn M. 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To examine whether an insulin protocol for intrapartum glucose control among parturients with diabetes was associated with improved outcomes.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study of women with pregestational or gestational diabetes delivering a liveborn neonate at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Before 2011, women with diabetes were given intravenous (IV) insulin or glucose during labor at the discretion of the on-call endocrinologist. In 2011, a standardized protocol was designed to titrate insulin and glucose infusions. Outcomes were compared between two time periods: January 2005–December 2010 (before implementation) and January 2012–December 2017 (after implementation) with 2011 excluded to account for a phase-in period. Maternal outcomes included intrapartum hyperglycemia (blood glucose greater than 125 mg/dL) and hypoglycemia (blood glucose less than 60 mg/dL). Neonatal outcomes included hypoglycemia (blood glucose less than 50 mg/dL), intensive care admission, and IV dextrose therapy. t tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and χ2 tests were used for bivariable analyses. Linear and logistic multivariable regression were used to account for confounding factors.

RESULTS:
Of 3,689 women, 928 (25.2%) delivered before 2011. After protocol implementation, frequencies of both maternal intrapartum hyperglycemia (51.3% vs 37.9%) and hypoglycemia decreased (6.1% vs 2.5%), both P<.001; respective adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.64, 95% CI 0.54–0.77 and 0.50, 95% CI 0.33–0.78. The frequency of neonatal hypoglycemia, however, increased (36.6% vs 49.2%, P<.001; aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.45–2.07). Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and need for IV dextrose therapy were similar across time periods.

CONCLUSION:
A formal protocol to manage insulin and glucose infusions for parturients with diabetes was associated with improved intrapartum maternal glucose control, but an increased frequency of neonatal hypoglycemia.
Evaluation of umbilical anatomy via computed tomography prior to single-incision laparoscopy
Authors: Oztop Mehmet Burak , Er Ali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Laparoscopic surgery performed through a single incision is relatively new. Here, we investigated the importance of radiological anatomical evaluation of the umbilicus prior to such surgery.
Umbilical images of 500 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) in 2019 were evaluated retrospectively, using both transverse and sagittal sections.
Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between age and the sagittal and transverse umbilical measurements (all patients: P < .01; men: P = .001; women: P < .01). Mean transverse and sagittal measurements were 5.63 ± 1.9 and 6.2 ± 2.0 mm in women and 5.49 ± 1.9 and 6.2 ± 1.8 mm in men.
Umbilical anatomy can be evaluated radiologically as a component of preoperative evaluation.
Reducing Outpatient Infant Blood Draws with Transcutaneous Measurement of Bilirubin
Authors: Kilmartin Keira C. , McCarty Emily J. , Shubkin Catherine D. , Holmes Alison Volpe 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Newborn jaundice is a common outpatient problem. Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurements correlate well with total serum bilirubin (SB) measurements below 15 mg/dl and are efficient and noninvasive. Some concern exists that TcB measurement may subsequently lead to an increase in the number of SB measurements performed in the outpatient setting. We aimed to implement the use of a TcB device in an outpatient clinic. By doing so, we sought to increase the number of newborns screened solely by TcB as opposed to SB, by 30%, within 12 months.

Methods:
We conducted plan-do-study-act cycles with targeted interventions to promote the use of TcB in an outpatient clinic for eligible newborns older than 35 weeks gestational age, aged 1–20 days, and without a history of transfusion, phototherapy, extensive bruising, or risk of hemolysis. We used statistical process control methods to measure proportions of newborns evaluated with TcB (run chart) and patients-between SB measurements (G-chart) over time in the outpatient clinic.

Results:
We collected preintervention data for 18-months and intervention data for 12 months. For newborns attending the outpatient clinic, the proportion of TcB measurements increased after implementation of the use of TcB measurement. There was an increase in patients-between SB measurements. At project inception, SB was drawn for every 8 eligible patients. By the end of the project, there were 98 eligible newborns between instances of SB testing.

Conclusion:
Implementation of a quality-improvement initiative to measure TcB in the outpatient clinic was feasible and reduced the number of SB tests.
Proposed allosteric inhibitors bind to the ATP site of CK2α
Authors: Brear Paul , Ball Darby , Stott Katherine , D’Arcy Sheena , Hyvönen Marko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCK2α is a ubiquitous, well-studied protein kinase that is a target for small molecule inhibition, for treatment of cancers. While many different classes of ATP-competitive inhibitors have been described for CK2α, they tend to suffer from significant off-target activity and new approaches are needed. A series of inhibitors of CK2α has recently been described as allosteric, acting at a previously unidentified binding site. Given the similarity of these inhibitors to known ATP-competitive inhibitors, we have investigated these further. In our thorough structural and biophysical analyses, we have found no evidence that these inhibitors bind to the proposed allosteric site. Rather, we report crystal structures, competitive ITC and NMR, HDX mass spectrometry and chemoinformatic analyses that all point to these compounds binding in the ATP pocket. Our crystal structures however do show that the proposed allosteric site can bind ligands, just not those in the previously described series. Comparison of our results and experimental details with the data presented in the original report suggest several reasons for the disparity in our conclusions, the primary reason being non-specific inhibition by aggregation.Table of Content graphics
A reported Antarctic environmental microorganism isolated from the blood of sheep on the Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Chen Qianlin , Cao Zheng , Li Chunyan , Zhu Maixun , Zhai Shaoqin , Fu Wengui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, we report a novelCarnobacterium-like organism, CS13T, isolated from the blood of sheep with persistent diarrhea from a grassland pasturing area in Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia Municipality, China. Homology analysis indicated that CS13Tbelongs to the genusCarnobacteriumand is 100% related to the reported environmental microorganismCarnobacterium antarticum sp. CP1(C. CP1), which was isolated from sandy soil near Davis Station, Antarctica; the following strains are closely related:Carnobacterium mobile DSM 4848(97%) andCarnobacterium funditum DSM 5970(96%). Similar to those of theC. CP1, the short rod-shaped cells of CS13Tare 0.4-0.8 μm wide and 1.0-1.5 μm long; exist singly, paired or catenoid; are gram positive, non-spore forming, and facultatively anaerobic; and produce hemolysin. CS13Tcannot produce gas or H2S but can ferment sucrose, galactose, salicin, and esculin to produce acid. However, in contrast toC. CP1, CS13Tcan produce acid from cellobiose and maltose and is weakly positive for D-mannose fermentation; the growth temperatures range from 20-37°C, the pH range is 5.0-9.0, and the G+C content is 37.84% (4-36°C, pH 6.0-9.5, and 38.1% forC. CP1). Furthermore, based on gene annotation analysis, we found that CS13T has 31 more specific genes thanC. CP1(133 to 102) and that the nonredundant protein similarity toC. CP1is only 84.2%. Based on the physiological-biochemical and genetic analysis results, we infer that the organisms isolated from the Mongolian Plateau and sandy soil in Antarctica belong to the same novel species of the genusCarnobacterium; therefore, this novel species probably has distributed globally and should not be calledspecies antarticum.
Pregnancy data enable identification of relevant biomarkers and a partial prognosis of autism at birth
Authors: Caly Hugues , Rabiei Hamed , Coste-Mazeau Perrine , Hantz Sebastien , Alain Sophie , Eyraud Jean-Luc , Chianea Thierry , Caly Catherine , Makowski David , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Lemonnier Eric , Ben-Ari Yehezkel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAttempts to extract early biomarkers and expedite detection of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been centered on postnatal measures of babies at familial risk. Here, we suggest that it might be possible to do these tasks already at birth relying on ultrasound and biological measurements routinely collected from pregnant mothers and fetuses during gestation and birth. We performed a gradient boosting decision tree classification analysis in parallel with statistical tests on a population of babies with typical development or later diagnosed with ASD. By focusing on minimization of the false positive rate, the cross-validated specificity of the classifier reached to 96% with a sensitivity of 41% and a positive predictive value of 77%. Extracted biomarkers included sex, maternal familial history of auto-immune diseases, maternal immunization to CMV, IgG CMV level, timing of fetal rotation on head, femoral length in the 3rd trimester, white cells in the 3rd trimester, fetal heart rate during labour, newborn feeding and newborn’s temperature difference between birth and one day after. Statistical models revealed that 38% of babies later diagnosed with ASD had significantly larger fetal cephalic perimeter than age matched neurotypical babies, suggesting an in-utero origin of the bigger brains of toddlers with ASD. Results pave the way to use pregnancy follow-up measurements to provide an early prognosis of ASD and implement pre-symptomatic behavioral interventions to attenuate efficiently ASD developmental sequels.
Network rewiring: physiological consequences of reciprocally exchanging the physical locations and growth-phase-dependent expression patterns of theSalmonella fisanddpsgenes
Authors: Bogue Marina M , Mogre Aalap , Beckett Michael C , Thomson Nicholas R , Dorman Charles J 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThe Fis nucleoid-associated protein controls the expression of a large and diverse regulon of genes in Gram-negative bacteria. Fis production is normally maximal in bacteria during the early exponential phase of batch culture growth, becoming almost undetectable by the onset of stationary phase. We tested the effect on the Fis regulatory network inSalmonellaof moving the completefisgene from its usual location near the origin of chromosomal replication to the position normally occupied by thedpsgene in the Right macrodomain of the chromosome, andvice versa, creating the strain GX. In a parallel experiment, we tested the effect of rewiring the Fis regulatory network by placing thefisopen reading frame under the control of the stationary-phase-activateddpspromoter at thedpsgenetic location within Ter, andvice versa, creating the strain OX. ChIP-seq was used to measure global Fis protein binding and gene expression patterns. Strain GX showed few changes when compared with the wild type, although we did detect increased Fis binding at Ter, accompanied by reduced binding at Ori. Strain OX displayed a more pronounced version of this distorted Fis protein-binding pattern together with numerous alterations in the expression of genes in the Fis regulon. OX, but not GX, had a reduced ability to infect cultured mammalian cells. These findings illustrate the inherent robustness of the Fis regulatory network to rewiring based on gene repositioning alone and emphasise the importance offisexpression signals in phenotypic determination.IMPORTANCEWe assessed the impacts onSalmonellaphysiology of reciprocally translocating the genes encoding the Fis and Dps nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs), and of inverting their growth phase production patterns such that Fis is produced in stationary phase (like Dps) and Dps is produced in exponential phase (like Fis). Changes to peak binding of Fis were detected by ChIP-seq on the chromosome, as were widespread impacts on the transcriptome, especially when Fis production mimicked Dps. Virulence gene expression and the expression of a virulence phenotype were altered. Overall, these radical changes to NAP gene expression were well tolerated, revealing the robust and well-buffered nature of global gene regulation networks in the bacterium.
Innovation capabilities, market characteristics and export performance of EMNEs from India
Authors: Bhat Sneha , Momaya Kirankumar S. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the moderating effect of market characteristics on the relationship between innovation capabilities and export performance of Indian pharmaceutical firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test the hypotheses using generalized least square estimator with random effects, on a panel data set, for the period 2010–2016.FindingsAnalyses of the data show that innovation capabilities lead to superior export performance. R&D investment positively affects export performance of both developing and developed countries, whereas patent quality negatively affects the export performance of developed countries and has no significance in developing countries. Size of the firm has significant positive effect on its export performance.Originality/valueThis study explores the role of market characteristics in determining the relationship between innovation and export performance, which has mostly been ignored in extant literature, especially in the context of emerging market multinationals.
Construction material supply risk management using Asian option contracts: the case of a pipeline project
Authors: Vahdatmanesh Mohammad , Firouzi Afshin 
Published: July 2020

PurposeSteel price uncertainty exposes pipeline projects that are inherently capital intensive to the risk of cost overruns. The current study proposes a hedging methodology for tackling steel pipeline price risk by deploying Asian option contracts that address the shortcomings of current risk mitigation strategies.Design/methodology/approachA stepwise methodology is introduced, which uses a closed-form formula as an Asian option valuation method for calculating this total expenditure. The scenario analysis of three price trends examines whether or not the approach is beneficial to users. The sensitivity analysis then has been conducted using the financial option Greeks to assess the effects of changes in volatility in the total price of the option contracts. The total price of the Asian options was then compared with those of the European and American options.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the Asian option expenditure was about 1.87% of the total cost of the case study project. The scenario analysis revealed that, except for when the price followed a continuous downward pattern, the use of this type of financial instrument is a practical approach for steel pipeline price risk management.Practical implicationsThis approach is founded on a well-established financial options theory and elucidates how pipeline project participants can deploy Asian option contracts to safeguard against steel price fluctuations in practice.Originality/valueAlthough the literature exists about the theory and application of financial derivative instruments for risk management in other sectors, their application to the construction industry is infrequent. In the proposed methodology, all participants involved in fixed price pipeline projects readily surmount the risk of exposure to material price fluctuations.