bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of genetic markers for sex and cannabinoid chemotype in Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Toth Jacob A. , Stack George M. , Cala Ali R. , Carlson Craig H. , Wilk Rebecca L. , Crawford Jamie L. , Viands Donald R. , Philippe Glenn , Smart Christine D. , Rose Jocelyn K. C. , Smart Lawrence B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an emerging dioecious crop grown primarily for grain, fiber, and cannabinoids. There is good evidence for medicinal benefits of the most abundant cannabinoid in hemp, cannabidiol (CBD). For CBD production, female plants producing CBD but not tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are desired. We developed and validated high‐throughput PACE (PCR Allele Competitive Extension) assays for C. sativa plant sex and cannabinoid chemotype. The sex assay was validated across a wide range of germplasm and resolved male plants from female and monoecious plants. The cannabinoid chemotype assay revealed segregation in hemp populations, and resolved plants producing predominantly THC, predominantly CBD, and roughly equal amounts of THC and CBD. Cultivar populations that were thought to be stabilized for CBD production were found to be segregating phenotypically and genotypically. Many plants predominantly producing CBD accumulated more than the current US legal limit of 0.3% THC by dry weight. These assays and data provide potentially useful tools for breeding and early selection of hemp.
Caries removal strategies for deep carious lesions in primary teeth: Systematic review
Authors: Aïem Elody , Joseph Clara , Garcia Anaïs , Smaïl‐Faugeron Violaine , Muller‐Bolla Michèle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to compare the efficacy of three caries removal techniques—complete caries removal (CCR), selective caries removal (SCR), and stepwise caries removal (SWR)—for deep carious lesions in vital temporary teeth by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Electronic databases (PubMed [MEDLINE], Cochrane Library, EMBASE) were searched for corresponding references up to 31 May 2019. Possible outcomes were pulp exposure, pulpo‐periodontal complications, or restorative failures. Three reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using RoB 2. Meta‐analyses for intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol scenarios were performed using Revman5. Of 1374 potentially eligible articles, ten relevant references corresponding to eight studies were included. Pooled results showed decreased risk of pulp exposure after SCR (OR: 0.10, 95% CI [0.04, 0.25]) or SWR (OR: 0.20, 95% CI [0.09, 0.44]), compared with CCR. There was a higher risk of composite restorative failure (OR: 2.61, 95% CI [1.05, 6.49]) using USPHS criteria, after SCR compared with CCR only in intention‐to‐treat analysis. Risk of clinical or radiographic failure of pulpo‐periodontal complications was unchanged when compared with SCR and CCR or SWR. SCR and SWR may result in lower pulp exposure risk than CCR. RCTs with lower risk of bias, higher power, and longer follow‐up are required to choose between these three caries removal techniques for deep carious lesions in vital temporary teeth.
Atomistic understanding of surface wear process of sodium silicate glass in dry versus humid environments
Authors: Hahn Seung Ho , Liu Hongshen , Kim Seong H. , van Duin Adri C. T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding surface reactions of silicate glass under interfacial shear is critical as it can provide physical insights needed for rational design of more durable glasses. Here, we performed reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ReaxFF potentials to study the mechanochemical wear of sodium silicate glass rubbed with amorphous silica in the absence and presence of interfacial water molecules. The effect of water molecules on the shear‐induced chemical reaction at the sliding interface was investigated. The dependence of wear on the number of interfacial water molecules in ReaxFF‐MD simulations was in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. Confirming this, the ReaxFF‐MD simulation was used to find further details of atomistic reaction dynamics that cannot be obtained from experimental investigations only. The simulation showed that the severe wear in the dry condition is due to the formation of interfacial Sisubstrate–O–Sicounter_surface bond that convey the interfacial shear stress to the subsurface and the presence of interfacial water reduces the interfacial bridging bond formation. The leachable sodium ions facilitate surface reactions with water‐producing hydroxyl groups and their key role in the hydrolysis reaction is discussed.
Simultaneous multicolour imaging using quantum dot structured illumination microscopy
Authors: ZENG HUI , YANG HUAIDONG , LIU GUOXUAN , ZHANG SICHUN , ZHANG XINRONG , ZHANG YINXIN 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMulticolour structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a powerful tool used for the investigation of the dynamic interaction between subcellular structures. Nevertheless, most of the multicolour SIM schemes are currently limited by conventional fluorescent dyes and wavelength‐dependent optical systems, and can only sequentially record images of different colour channels instead of obtaining multicolour datasets simultaneously. To address these issues, we present a novel multicolour SIM scheme referred to as quantum dot structured illumination microscopy (QD‐SIM). QD‐SIM enables simultaneously excitation and collection of multicolour fluorescent signals. We also propose a theoretical analysis of the image formation in two‐dimensional multicolour SIM to help combine the optically sectioned and super‐resolution attributes of SIM. Based on this theory, QD‐SIM enables optically sectioned, super‐resolution, multicolour simultaneous imaging at a single plane.
A simple, versatile and robust centrifugation‐based filtration protocol for the isolation and quantification of α‐synuclein monomers, oligomers and fibrils: Towards improving experimental reproducibility in α‐synuclein research
Authors: Kumar Senthil T. , Donzelli Sonia , Chiki Anass , Syed Muhammed Muazzam Kamil , Lashuel Hilal A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that the process of alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn) aggregation from monomers into amyloid fibrils and Lewy bodies, via oligomeric intermediates plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of different synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the nature of the toxic species and the mechanisms by which they contribute to neurotoxicity and disease progression remain elusive. Over the past two decades, significant efforts and resources have been invested in studies aimed at identifying and targeting toxic species along the pathway of α‐syn fibrillization. Although this approach has helped to advance the field and provide insights into the biological properties and toxicity of different α‐syn species, many of the fundamental questions regarding the role of α‐syn aggregation in PD remain unanswered, and no therapeutic compounds targeting α‐syn aggregates have passed clinical trials. Several factors have contributed to this slow progress, including the complexity of the aggregation pathways and the heterogeneity and dynamic nature of α‐syn aggregates. In the majority of experiment, the α‐syn samples used contain mixtures of α‐syn species that exist in equilibrium and their ratio changes upon modifying experimental conditions. The failure to quantitatively account for the distribution of different α‐syn species in different studies has contributed not only to experimental irreproducibility but also to misinterpretation of results and misdirection of valuable resources. Towards addressing these challenges and improving experimental reproducibility in Parkinson's research, we describe here a simple centrifugation‐based filtration protocol for the isolation, quantification and assessment of the distribution of α‐syn monomers, oligomers and fibrils, in heterogeneous α‐syn samples of increasing complexity. The protocol is simple, does not require any special instrumentation and can be performed rapidly on multiple samples using small volumes. Here, we present and discuss several examples that illustrate the applications of this protocol and how it could contribute to improving the reproducibility of experiments aimed at elucidating the structural basis of α‐syn aggregation, seeding activity, toxicity and pathology spreading. This protocol is applicable, with slight modifications, to other amyloid‐forming proteins.
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The efficacy and safety of high‐intensity focused ultrasound on upper arm laxity treatment: Our experience with five patients
Authors: Asiran Serdar Zehra , Tukenmez Demirci Gulsen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐intensity focused ultrasound is approved by FDA for both upper face and lower face, neck laxity and for decollete rejuvenation. It produces micro‐focused thermal damage on the dermis and superficial muscular aponeurotic system layer at precise depth and with this thermal stimulus the collagen denaturation and subsequent neo‐collagenosis occur. High‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) effects on body laxity has also been used in some studies but it has not been approved yet.AimsTo find out the efficacy of HIFU for the treatment of upper under arm laxity.Patients/MethodsWe used HIFU device with the new transducers; 13 mm depth 4 MHz and 2J for under arm laxity for 5 patients.ResultsAll patients showed a clinical improvement according to the physicians and patients assessment scales. The side effects were mild erythema and edema during the treatment and tenderness which lasted in 10 days. We follow up our patients in a one year period, and there were no side effects.ConclusionHIFU can be used for upper arm laxity treatment with the new transducers developed for body areas.
Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wu Yong , Zhao Na‐Jiao , Cao Yan , Sun Zhuo , Wang Qin , Liu Zhao‐Ying , Sun Zhi‐Liang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half‐life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady‐state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.
Diabetes after pregnancy prevention trials: Systematic review for core outcome set development
Authors: O'Reilly Sharleen L. , Leonard Yvonne , Dasgupta Kaberi , Terkildsen Maindal Helle 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiabetes prevention intervention studies in women with previous gestational diabetes have increased, but no consensus exists on core outcomes to support comparisons and synthesis of findings. We aimed to systematically catalogue outcomes in diabetes after pregnancy prevention interventions with the goal of developing a core outcome set. Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Trials Register, and CINAHL were searched from inception to October 2017. Post‐partum lifestyle and diabetes screening intervention studies in women with previous gestational diabetes and/or their families were eligible. No limits were placed on intervention type, duration, or location. Two authors independently screened and performed data extraction on outcomes, measurement tools, and relevant study characteristics. We analysed data from 38 studies (29 randomised controlled trials and 9 pre–post intervention evaluations) comprising 12,509 participants. Most publications (80%) occurred between the years 2012 and 2017. Among 172 outcomes, we identified 36 outcome groups and classified them under three domains: health status (body weight, body composition, diabetes risk, cardiometabolic risk, diabetes development, mental health, pregnancy outcomes, and fitness), health behaviours (dietary, physical activity, diabetes screening, behaviour change, and breastfeeding), and intervention processes (implementation). The health status domain contained the most commonly reported outcomes, but measurement tools were very heterogeneous.Despite the recent explosion in diabetes after pregnancy prevention studies, large variation in outcomes and measurement methods exists. Research is needed to define a core outcome set to standardise diabetes after pregnancy prevention interventions. The core outcome set should engage a wide group of stakeholders to identify impactful indicators for future trials.
Plant functional groups associate with distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities
Authors: Davison John , García de León David , Zobel Martin , Moora Mari , Bueno C. Guillermo , Barceló Milagros , Gerz Maret , León Daniela , Meng Yiming , Pillar Valerio D. , Sepp Siim‐Kaarel , Soudzilovaskaia Nadejda A. , Tedersoo Leho , Vaessen Stijn , Vahter Tanel , Winck Bruna , Öpik Maarja 
Published: January 2020

Summary

The benefits of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis between plants and fungi are modulated by the functional characteristics of both partners. However, it is unknown to what extent functionally distinct groups of plants naturally associate with different AM fungi.

We reanalysed 14 high‐throughput sequencing data sets describing AM fungal communities associating with plant individuals (2427) belonging to 297 species. We examined how root‐associating AM fungal communities varied between plants with different growth forms, photosynthetic pathways, CSR (competitor, stress‐tolerator, ruderal) strategies, mycorrhizal statuses and N‐fixing statuses.

AM fungal community composition differed in relation to all studied plant functional groups. Grasses, C4 and nonruderal plants were characterised by high AM fungal alpha diversity, while C4, ruderal and obligately mycorrhizal plants were characterised by high beta diversity. The phylogenetic diversity of AM fungi, a potential surrogate for functional diversity, was higher among forbs than other plant growth forms. Putatively ruderal (previously cultured) AM fungi were disproportionately associated with forbs and ruderal plants. There was phylogenetic correlation among AM fungi in the degree of association with different plant growth forms and photosynthetic pathways.

Associated AM fungal communities constitute an important component of plant ecological strategies. Functionally different plants associate with distinct AM fungal communities, linking mycorrhizal associations with functional diversity in ecosystems.
Bifocal or Trifocal (Double‐Level) Bone Transport Using Unilateral Rail System in the Treatment of Large Tibial Defects Caused by Infection: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yushan Maimaiaili , Ren Peng , Abula Abulaiti , Alike Yamuhanmode , Abulaiti Alimujiang , Ma Chuang , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess the clinical results of bifocal or trifocal bone transport using unilateral rail system in the treatment of large tibial defects caused by infection.MethodsThere were a total of 37 eligible patients with an average age of 40.11 ± 10.32 years (range, 18–57 years; 28 males and nine females) with large tibial defects due to infection who were admitted to our hospital from June 2006 to June 2016. Among the patients, 21 underwent bifocal bone transport (BF group), and the remaining 16 were treated with trifocal bone transport (TF group). The demographic data (age, sex, interval duration before bone transport, previous operation time), intraoperative outcomes (size and location of the defect, size of soft tissue defect), postoperative variables (lengthening speed, external fixation index, duration of regenerate consolidation and docking union), postoperative bone and functional outcomes evaluated by Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) scoring system, and postoperative complications evaluated by Paley classification (muscle contraction, axial deviation, delayed consolidation, pin problems, repeated fracture, joint stiffness and others) of the two groups were recorded and compared at a minimum follow‐up of 24 months.ResultsThe mean duration of follow‐up after removal of fixator was 29.49 ± 4.34 months (range, 24–38 months). There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic data, intraoperative outcomes including size and location of the defect, size of soft tissue defect, as well as postoperative complications. However, postoperative functional result in the TF group were superior to those in the BF group at a minimum follow‐up of 24 months, and lengthening speed, external fixation index (EFI), duration of regenerate consolidation and docking union were significantly reduced in the TF group when compared with the BF group.ConclusionsTreatment of large tibial defects caused by infection with trifocal bone transport using unilateral rail system could significantly improve postoperative functional recovery and reduce duration of regenerate consolidation and docking union. The present study provides novel insight for the treatment of large tibial defects caused by infection.
Benefits of baked milk oral immunotherapy in French children with cow's milk allergy
Authors: Gruzelle Vianney , Juchet Agnès , Martin‐Blondel Audrey , Michelet Marine , Chabbert‐Broue Anne , Didier Alain 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntroduction and gradual incremental escalation of a low dose of baked milk may accelerate the resolution of severe cow's milk (CM) allergy for some children. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of baked milk oral immunotherapy (OIT) in children with CM allergy after a low‐dose baked milk oral food challenge (OFC).MethodsIn a retrospective analysis of OFC performed between 2013 and 2018 at the Children's Hospital of Toulouse (France), we identified 64 children with CM allergy and high milk and casein‐specific IgE levels, who underwent a total of 171 milk OFC. Mean age at 1st OFC was 4.8 years. Mean CM‐specific IgE was 47.9 kUA/L, and mean casein‐specific IgE was 42.3 kUA/L.ResultsMost children were treated with baked milk OIT. Our study shows that 67.2% of the children did not react to 1st low‐dose baked milk OFC (168.6 mg of CM protein). Eighteen percent of children stopped the OIT at home. Finally, desensitization to fresh milk was achieved in 27 children (42.2% of children allergic to CM). Children with lower CM‐specific IgE levels have a significantly higher probability of becoming desensitized to unbaked CM.ConclusionMost children with CM allergy and high milk and casein‐specific IgE levels tolerate the introduction of baked milk. However, the occurrence of anaphylactic reactions during OIT remains possible.
Percutaneously Inserted Unilateral Lead Migration Salvaged with a Paddle Electrode
Authors: Oh Byeong Ho , Kim Hyeon Tae , Yim Kyoung Hoon , Park Young Seok 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionLead migration has been regarded as a frequent complication after percutaneous spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Thus far, repeated reinsertion of leads or replacement of paddle electrodes after removing percutaneous leads has been performed, but a salvage surgical technique using the remaining electrode has not been reported. Here, we describe a case in which unilateral lead migration was successfully treated with the insertion of a paddle electrode.Case SummaryA 44‐year‐old male paraplegic patient with chronic neuropathic pain in the right leg and low back for 7 years underwent a percutaneous spinal cord stimulation procedure 5 times over 2 years because of repeated unilateral lead migration. The left lead underwent repeated migration and was difficult to reinsert due to epidural adhesion. After confirming the position and stimulation area of the remaining lead, we decided to insert another paddle electrode beside the remaining lead. We performed a T10 laminotomy and inserted a paddle electrode on the right side, using it in combination with the previous left lead. After surgery, the patient was satisfied with a wide coverage area.DiscussionWe recommend salvage additional paddle electrode insertion rather than removing both leads during revision SCS. This surgical method increases the possibility of covering the dorsal column (DC) of the spinal cord, is cost effective, and decreases the possibility of failing to cover dorsal column using the paddle electrode during open surgery because the remaining lead’s position and stimulation area guide the insertion of the additional paddle lead.
Shade avoidance responses become more aggressive in warm environments
Authors: Romero‐Montepaone Sofía , Poodts Sofía , Fischbach Patrick , Sellaro Romina , Zurbriggen Matias D. , Casal Jorge J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen exposed to neighbour cues, competitive plants increase stem growth to reduce the degree of current or future shade. The aim of this work is to investigate the impact of weather conditions on the magnitude of shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. We first generated a growth rate database under controlled conditions and elaborated a model that predicts daytime hypocotyl growth as a function of the activity of the main photosensory receptors (phytochromes A and B, cryptochromes 1 and 2) in combination with light and temperature inputs. We then incorporated the action of thermal amplitude to account for its effect on selected genotypes, which correlates with the dynamics of the growth‐promoting transcription factor PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 4. The model predicted growth rate in the field with reasonable accuracy. Thus, we used the model in combination with a worldwide data set of current and future whether conditions. The analysis predicted enhanced shade avoidance responses as a result of higher temperatures due to the geographical location or global warming. Irradiance and thermal amplitude had no effects. These trends were also observed for our local growth rate measurements. We conclude that, if water and nutrients do not become limiting, warm environments enhance the shade avoidance response.