bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated Braking Performance Comparison of an Electric Drum Brake and a Hydraulic Drum Brake Systems
Authors: Kittirattanachai A , Watechagit S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The most important safety equipment for the operation of a vehicle is the brake equipment. This research attempts to develop an all-electric braking system that can be used in an electric vehicle. Since the drum brake requires lower actuation input than the disk brake in order to deliver the same amount of braking force. It seems logical to be used in the electric vehicle as far as minimizing energy usage is concerned. The proposed electric drum brake system conceptually is not new as it has been used as a trailer brake for a tractor-trailer vehicle. Adopting the trailer brake for a passenger vehicle requires proper downsizing and different braking control scheme. This paper presents the modelling and simulation results of the proposed electric drum brake. The main interest is its braking performance which can be investigated by the brake force profile or the brake force characteristic. The results are compared with the braking performance of the conventional hydraulic drum brake system which is using validated data from the literature. The simulation results show that the braking force of the electric drum brake system is two times higher than that is of the hydraulic drum brake system subjected to the same actuation force. The results from this paper will be valuable for the development of the controller in the future.
A Force-controlled Three-fnger Prosthetic Hand via Three-Dimensional Printing
Authors: Chalong Wattana , Tanjaipet Settanan , Eurcherdkul Peeraphat , Chuckpaiwong Ittichote 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a force-controlled 3D-printed prosthetic hand commanded by surface electromyography. The prosthetic hand used force control to pick up a 600-ml water bottle without any damages. Two experiments were carried out to determine the model of the system. The first one is to determine the relationship between the voltage of electromyography and the handgrip force. The second one is to determine the relationship between the current of DC motor and the water bottle grip force. Feedback control was used to control the gripping force. The prosthetic hand was tested for its gripping water bottles. Percentage of success in holding water bottle with a closed bottle cap is 90% of all brands. With opened bottles, the prosthetic hand cannot hold bottles from one brand, which is made of a soft plastic shell. The remaining brands of water bottle have a percentage of success above 90%.
LQR-Based Stabilization and Position Control of a Mobile Double Inverted Pendulum
Authors: Ratnayake D T , Parnichkun M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The double inverted pendulum is a system that can be used efficiently to test and validate the performance of control algorithms because of its instability and the many degrees of freedom system. The paper presents the design and development of a unique mobile double inverted pendulum system. LQR is applied for the balancing control of both pendulums and position control of the mobile platform of the system. Both simulations and experiments are conducted to evaluate the system performance.
Development of Vertical Articulated Robot Deburring System by Using Sensor Feedback
Authors: Kakoi Hiroki , Yanagihara Kiyoshi , Akashi Koji , Tsuchiya Kensuke 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Demand of customer for higher quality of product is increasing. Number of skilled engineers, however, is chronically lacking in worldwide. Thus, the change of environment of production drives robotization of hand-finishing process recently. This study is about Robotization of deburring by means of a hand grinder, which is one of the hand finishing tools. Basically, in robotization of the hand-finishing process, teaching operation is selected for the programming of the tool path of the robotic arm. In this study, however, a vertically articulated robot equipped with various sensors is developed for the robotic deburring system, the feasibility of fully automated robotic deburring by using hand grinder is investigated.
Improvement of Background Oriented Schlieren Method Focused on Amplitude of Wavelet Transform
Authors: Koki Miyaoku , Hiroshi Fukuoka , Shigeto Nakamura , Masanori Yao , Kazuki Hiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The BOS method is a visualization method of density variation in the flow field. This method is simpler and cheaper to visualize than the Schlieren method. The primary purpose of this study is to propose WA-BOS (a simpler BOS method focusing on the amplitude of the Wavelet transform). Output images by WA-BOS and WP-BOS (BOS method focused on the phase of the Wavelet transform) and the Schlieren image were compared to verify the validity of the output images. Also, output images by the captured image lost periodic information partially were verified, in order to confirm the validity of the image processing for the deviation out of the domain of phase. The targets of visualization are the supersonic jet and the shock wave ejected from the shock tube. The measurement system consists of an LED, a sine pattern background image and a high-speed camera. As a result, the supersonic jet and the shock wave ejected from the shock tube are visible in the visualized image that was obtained by WA-BOS and WP-BOS. Moreover, it is found that WA-BOS can visualize a supersonic phenomenon without containing an error.
Numerical Simulation of Flow past Glove-shaped Formers in Latex Dipping to Consider Tip Effect to Free Surface Flow
Authors: Koranuntachai W , Chantrasmi T , Nontakaew U 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Latex-dipping process in a medical-gloves production line is one of the most critical components that affect the final product quality. In this process, glove-shaped formers are moved through an open-channel latex-dipping tank. Since the gloves have long arms and the latex compound is opaque, it is difficult or impossible to directly observe the flow beneath the free surface. On the other hand, the surface wave and vortex shedding patterns are easily observed or measured on-site. Therefore, it will be beneficial to identify and establish a relationship between the observable surface quantities and the flow underneath. In this work, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to simulate a free-surface flow past a glove-shaped former in comparison to that over a vertical cylinder of the same diameter. The computational results showed that the vortex generation in the near wake is inhibited by the effect of the free surface, and reducing the vortex shedding and vorticity. The shedding from the fingertips has little to no effect on the surface. Most surprisingly, the free surface flow past a glove-shaped former in this setting does not exhibit a transient vortex-shedding pattern unlike the case with a vertical cylinder. This disparity among others makes a vertical cylinder a poor simplified surrogate model for the glove-shaped former.
Minimization of Energy and Water Cost for the Main Building of Suranaree University of Technology Hospital (SUTH)
Authors: Prasetyadi A , Koonsrisuk A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hospitals consume a significant amount of energy and water. Energy and water are intertwined in a way that an improvement of one can worsen the other one. However, as the water price was relatively cheaper in comparison to energy, several studies paid their attention to the minimization of energy usage of the building only. In this research, a study of energy and water for the main building of Suranaree University of Technology Hospital (SUTH) was conducted in order to find the minimum cost of energy and water of the building using proposed a new method namely variables pair. The investigation showed that a single meter of electricity usage as the only energy consumption of the building was applied. Meanwhile, water usage was composed of tap water, flush water, and distilled water. Therefore, a method to determine the cost of energy and water was proposed. A variables pair in a form of (water usage, electricity consumption) was used in the proposed method to determine the cost of energy and water for the main building. Several water-saving options were proposed and examined. It was found that the water and electricity consumptions in the form of variables pair were (82.9 m3/day, 26.3 kWh/day) for a current system, while they were (82.9 m3/day, 21.2 kWh/day) for an option without water regeneration with minimum energy. Meanwhile, they were (82.9 m3/day, 24.4 kWh/day) for a system with water supply tanks allocated at the rooftop and 8th floor of the main building, instead of using only one supply tank installed at the rooftop as in the current system. A system that collects the condensed vapor of the HVAC system and then uses it, had consumptions of (77.3 m3/day, 16.3 kWh/day). Applying the current cost of energy and water at 4.5 Baht/kWh and 10 Baht/m3 respectively it was found that the cost of water could be reduced up to 10.2% with water regeneration. The water cost contributed 7.1% cost reduction, while the energy part was 38.2%. It shows water volume saving is more significant than the energy of water processing saving. The proposed method could separate process and cost parts, therefore it is easy to handle and provides a broader perspective of the saving strategy.
Influence on the Electrical Efficiency of a Hybrid MGT-SOFC-System by μ-fogging in a-Two-Staged Compressor System
Authors: Dückershoff R , Berg H P , Himmelberg A , Lehmann M , Kleissl M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hybrid combinations of solid oxide fuel cell and recuperated micro gas turbines can convert the chemical energy of hydrocarbon-based fuels in electrical energy with high electrical efficiency. With an integrated and improved cycle management, more than 70% of the energy content of the fuel could be converted. Therefore, the systems are highly suitable for the Power-To-Gas conversion. In particular, a pressure charging of the SOFC fuel cell leads to an increase in stack performance. By a downstream turbo set, after residual fuels are intentionally oxidized with an afterburner, additional electrical energy can be gained from the expansion of the hot exhaust gas stream and the overall efficiency can be increased. In order to increase the electrical efficiency of the system, it is proposed, to ensure the required compression of the process air in particular by a-two-staged turbo compressor with an intermediate cooling system. By thus achievable reduction of the dissipation of the compressor and by targeted condensation of finest drops in front of the second compressor stage affected by intermediate cooling, an increase in efficiency of the system is possible. This is achieved by targeted cooling of the process air behind a low pressure compression, so that it is saturated over 100% relative air humidity. As a result, a slightly supersaturated airflow is available for the second compressor stage, which enters the compressor after heat removal via an intermediate cooling having a small number of microdroplets. Therefore, the condensed water evaporates again by the heat of compression in the second stage and the compressed flow ultimately enters the recuperation at a lower temperature than during normal compression. Thus, more heat can be recovered within the recuperation system. Therefore, the electrical energy of the system can be produced having higher efficiency, because the heat dissipation of the overall system decreases. In this article it is presented, how such a process is thermodynamically modelled and how a technical realization can be built after optimization by simulations. Finally, in this study, the process-influencing factors are analyzed to show the highest possible electrical yield of such a system.
Development of a Solar Water Distiller with a Receiver and Condenser
Authors: Tri Le Hieu , Chitsomboon Tawit , Koonsrisuk Atit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The solar water distillation distills brackish water, which can mitigate the demand of pure water for the human beings. This study proposes a solar water distiller with a condenser and collector made from a tube bank. The receiver and condenser are connected by the rubber tubes. The brackish water from a tank flows along with condenser. The water temperature is relatively low, so this tube bank acts as a condenser for the water vapor that evaporates from a water basin of the distiller. It is believed that this can increase the condensation rate of the system. After passing through the condenser, the brackish water flows up along the receiver and its temperature is increased. Then the water continuously flows to the basin. According to the experimental results, the water’s temperature in the proposed system is higher than that of the conventional distiller. This leads to the higher productivity of the proposed system (approximately 3.3 L/m2 day). In addition, it was found that the temperature of the condenser of the proposed system was lower than that of the top cover of the conventional system.
Effects of a Microporous Layer on Water Transport Behaviour in PEM Fuel Cell Gas Diffusion Layers
Authors: Jinuntuya F , Kamsanam W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper studies water transport behaviours in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell gas diffusion layers (GDLs) under the effects of a microporous layer (MPL) and some GDL structure parameters, namely thickness and pore size. Different paper GDL samples with and without MPL treatment were used in this study. The breakthrough pressure of liquid water and the amount of water retention in the GDL were measured. The results indicate that applying MPL on the GDL substrate has a greater impact on water transport behaviours in the GDL than changing the structure parameters of the GDL substrate. Compared to the GDL without MPL, the results show that applying MPL on the GDL surface considerably increases breakthrough pressure up to 4.3 times, while it greatly decreases water retention in the GDL by up to 13.7 times. For the GDL thickness, the results indicate that thicker GDL of the same structure requires up to 60% higher pressure to break through the GDL, while it can retain up to 4.8 times more water in its structure than thinner versions. Besides, the results indicate that twice-larger mean pore size GDL requires about 1.4 times lower breakthrough pressure, while it retains approximately twice more water in the GDL.
Development of a Transient Dynamic Finite Clement Model for the Drum Testing of a Non-Pneumatic Tire
Authors: Rugsaj R , Suvanjumrat C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Non-pneumatic tire (NPT) or airless tire must be designed to meet the required performance such as weight, load carrying capacity and resistance to cyclic loading. The tire dynamic response is also needed to be observed since the tire are constantly subject to cyclic loading while rolling. Drum testing method is preferred over other rolling tire testing method since various factors from the vehicle suspension system and pavement structure are eliminated. This article aimed to develop the finite element (FE) model based on the transient dynamic approach for drum testing of NPT. The finite element model of NPT was created using Ogden hyperelastic material model. The FEM of NPT, which composed of Tread band and Spokes, was model using 3D hexagonal and 2D Quadrilateral elements respectively. The steel belt layers were modelled and embed using rebar elements and tying equation, respectively. The FE model of NPT was then assigned to contact with the rigid drum surface using Coulomb’s friction model. The finite element analysis of drum testing method of NPT as the drum was assigned to be rolling at speed of 11 km/hr. The NPT spoke deformations at each position and the angle was compared to the experiment to prove the validity of the model. The analysis results of spoke deformation were shown to be in a good agreement with the experiment at the average error of 3.51%. The developed FE model of NPT based on transient dynamic approach can be used to evaluate the important dynamic response of NPT during rolling and can be useful in designing the NPT.
Numerical study of temperature dependent thermal conductivity and homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions on Williamson fluid flow
Authors: Hamid Aamir 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Understanding the flow nature of non-Newtonian fluids need more studies in recent days in terms of their various aspects. Further, heat transfer analysis is an inspiring topic in non-Newtonian flows because of its dominant role in technology. With these incentives, a theoretical investigation is performed to study the time-dependent flow of a non-Newtonian fluid model with focus on heat and mass transfer. In this study, we proposed the mathematical model for the flow of Williamson fluid by incorporating the impact of infinite shear rate of viscosity. With the assistance of rheological expression of Williamson fluid, we construct the governing field equations. For physical relevance we analyzed the impacts of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions on the flow field. The system of governing partial differential equations is transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations by adopting the non-dimensional variables. This non-dimensional ruling problem together with physical boundary conditions are tackled numerically by utilizing Runge–Kutta Fehlberg scheme via MATLAB software. The physical behavior of friction factor, reduced Nusselt number, dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration distributions for distinct estimations of leading parameters is examined with the assistance of graphs.
Transitioning hospitalized patients from rivaroxaban or apixaban to a continuous unfractionated heparin infusion: A retrospective review
Authors: Smith Alex R , Dager William E , Gulseth Michael P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To determine a patient’s clinical course based on the use of an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) or heparin anti-Xa assay when transitioning from rivaroxaban or apixaban to an unfractionated heparin infusion.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted to investigate how unfractionated heparin infusions were managed at a tertiary care hospital in the setting of recent apixaban or rivaroxaban administration. Patients were separated into 2 cohorts based on the chosen heparin infusion monitoring assay: heparin anti-Xa or aPTT. The primary composite outcome was total number of bleeding and thrombotic events; the secondary composite outcome was average incidence of heparin infusion holds and rate changes per patient.

Results
Data were collected from 76 patients (heparin anti-Xa = 69, aPTT = 7). Due to the limited number of patients within the aPTT cohort, this data was excluded from the analysis, and heparin anti-Xa descriptive statistics were reported without statistical comparisons. In the heparin anti-Xa group, a total of 10 bleeds and 1 thrombus were discovered. Additionally, the average number of infusion holds and rate changes was 0.841 and 2.65 times per patient, respectively, for those patients monitored via heparin anti-Xa assay.

Conclusion
In the presence of a recently administered oral anti-Xa anticoagulant, more down-titrations occurred in the initial 6 hours of the heparin infusion when measuring anti-Xa activity, and most up-titrations occurred after 36 hours. Baseline heparin anti-Xa activity may be a useful tool to identify patients with residual plasma concentrations of apixaban and rivaroxaban to help better individualize heparin therapy.
A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial to Determine Effects of Increasing Doses and Dose-Response Relationship of IncobotulinumtoxinA in the Treatment of Glabellar Rhytids
Authors: Polacco Marc A , Singleton Adam E , Barnes Christian H , Maas Conner , Maas Corey S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
IncobotulinumtoxinA is an effective neuromodulator for treating glabellar rhytids. The relationship between dose and reduction in rhytid severity is well established. However, the effects of escalating doses on the treatment duration response are less understood.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of increasing doses of incobotulinumtoxinA on the treatment duration for glabellar rhytids.

Methods
A randomized, double-blind, Phase IV study was conducted at a fully accredited, outpatient surgical facility. Subjects (31 female, 7 male) with moderate to severe glabellar rhytids were randomized to 1 of 3 incobotulinumtoxinA dose groups: 20, 60, or 100 U. Effect duration was determined by calculating the time to return to baseline for dynamic glabellar lines during maximal contraction. Follow-up was completed through 1 year, and adverse events were monitored.

Results
The median duration of effect was 120 days (95% confidence interval [CI] [90, 180 days]), 180 days (95% CI [180, 210 days]), and 270 days (95% CI [240, 330 days]) for the 20-, 60-, and 100-U groups, respectively. A Wald chi-square test from the Cox regression on the primary efficacy variable indicated a statistically significant effect of dose group on time to baseline (chi square = 54.63; df = 2; P &lt; 0.001). Hazard ratios were HR = 0.21 (95% CI [0.10; 0.43] for the 60-U vs the 20-U group, and HR = 0.06 (95% CI [0.10; 0.43]) for the 100-U vs the 20-U group, indicating a statistically longer return to baseline for both the 60- and 100-U cohorts.

Conclusions
There is a dose-dependent relationship between incobotulinumtoxinA and duration of effect in the glabella.

Level of Evidence: 2
Mini-Pterional Craniotomy and Extradural Clinoidectomy for Clinoid Meningioma: Optimization of Exposure Using Augmented Reality Template: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Jean Walter C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A “keyhole” approach to a deep-lying skull base lesion, as such a clinoid meningioma, can be a daunting challenge.
1-3
The minimally invasive exposure must be precisely placed and adequately wide to accomplish the surgical goal. Surgical rehearsal in virtual reality (VR) can not only increase the confidence of the surgeon through practice on patient-specific anatomy,
4
but it can also generate navigation-integrated templates to ensure precise placement and adequate bone openings. In this operative video, we demonstrate the use of an augmented reality (AR) template in a 69-yr-old woman with a growing clinoid meningioma. The 3-dimensional, VR rendering (SNAP VR360, Surgical Theater Inc, Cleveland, Ohio) of her right clinoid meningioma was used in surgical rehearsal for the mini-pterional approach with extradural clinoidectomy. The optimal opening was saved as a VR file and, at surgery, projected into the eye-piece of the navigation-tracked microscope (Synchronized AR v3.8.0, Surgical Theater Inc). In this manner, the surgical opening in the template was visible in AR on the patient's anatomy in real time during surgery. The template enhanced the planning of the incision and soft-tissue exposure, guided the drilling of the sphenoid wing, facilitated the extradural clinoidectomy,
5
and ultimately facilitated the accomplishment of the surgical goal of total resection of the meningioma. With this application of novel technology, the surgeon is no longer using navigation to get her/his bearings. Instead, the surgeon is using AR-enhanced navigation to duplicate a plan that is known to work. This is a fundamental paradigm shift.
Patient consent was obtained prior to the creation of the video and is available on request.