bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Temporal Fine Structure Processing Among Older Adults With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Sladen Douglas P. , Peterson Ann , Olund Amy 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to determine if older adults with cochlear implants are able to take advantage of coding schemes that preserve temporal fine structure (TFS) cues.

Design:
A total of 19 older adults with cochlear implants participated in a prospective, repeated measures, A to B design. Participants entered the study using TFS. The participants used strategy A (high definition continuous interleaved sampling [HDCIS]) for 3 months and strategy B (TFS) for 3 months. Endpoint testing was administered at the end of each 3-month period. Testing included consonant recognition, speech understanding in noise, temporal modulation thresholds, and self-perceived benefit.

Results:
Older adults were able to use TFS successfully. Speech perception performance was improved using TFS compared with HDCIS for voicing, but not manner or place of articulation. There were no differences between the two strategies for speech understanding in noise, temporal modulation detection, or self-perceived benefit. At the end of the study, 13 out of 19 (68%) of participants chose to continue using TFS processing.

Conclusions:
Advanced age does not prevent adults with cochlear implants from using TFS coding strategies. Performance outcomes using TFS and HDCIS were similar, with the exception of voicing which was improved when using TFS. The data support the idea of using various sound processing strategies with older adults.
The impact of atherosclerotic risk factors on disease progression in patients with previously diagnosed nonobstructive coronary artery disease: factors affecting coronary artery disease progression
Authors: Durmaz Eser , Ikitimur Baris , Karadag Bilgehan , Barman Hasan Ali , Atici Adem , Koca Damla , Raimoglu Utku , Karaca Orhan Furkan , Mutlu Deniz , Ongen Zeki 
Published: December 2019

Objective
Since coronary artery disease (CAD) is a slow progressive disease, management and appropriate follow-up of patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) remains challenging, and there are no clear guidelines recommending a follow-up strategy and indications for repeat invasive coronary angiography (ICA). We investigated the predictors of the development of obstructive CAD in patients with previously diagnosed NOCAD.

Methods
We prospectively included 186 patients who previously received a diagnosis of NOCAD with invasive coronary angiogram and underwent repeat ICA. Patients’ demographics, clinical characteristics, biochemical analyses were recorded. Obstructive CAD is defined as >50% luminal narrowing in any epicardial coronary artery with a diameter of >2 mm.

Results
A total of 186 patients (105 male) were assigned into our study. Mean age was 64.77 ± 10.31 in patients with obstructive CAD (n = 60) vs. 61.87 ± 9.94 in NOCAD patients (n = 126) (P value: 0.068). The median time interval between index and follow-up coronary angiograms was 8 (5–10) years. There was no significant difference between groups with respect to LDL and Hs-CRP levels (P value: 461 and 354, respectively). Although patients with obstructive CAD have more comorbidities, multivariate analyses revealed that there was no significant difference between groups. On the contrary, the total number of risk factors were significantly associated with the development of obstructive CAD during follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed with a cut-off value of 3.5 risk factors, the sensitivity of 71%, the specificity of 61% and the area under the curve was 0.71 for prediction of obstructive CAD.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that no single risk factor alone is related with development of obstructive CAD; however, patients with high number of multiple risk factors are more prone to develop obstructive disease and require closer follow-up.
Interobserver reproducibility of mercaptoacetyltriglicine renography in children and adults with suspected obstruction: parameters of drainage and function calculated by International Atomic Energy Agency software
Authors: Radulović Marija , Janković Milica M. , Durutović Otaš , Šobić-Šaranović Dragana P. , Ajdinović Boris , Artiko Vera M. , Žeravica Radmila , Beatović Slobodanka Lj. 
Published: December 2019

Objective
The aim of this study was to estimate interobserver reproducibility of Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine renography in children and adults by assessing the parameters of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) software for the analysis of dynamic renal studies.

Methods
The renograms of 65 children and 65 adults covered a wide age range, different quality of drainage, overall function and differential renal function (DRF). Three observers were processing parameters of the IAEA software. Normalized residual activity at 20 min (NORA20), NORA on the postmicturition acquisition (NORApm), PM to maximum renal count ratio (PM/max), output efficiency at 20 min (OE20), OE 20 min after diuretic stimulation (OEF + 20), whole kidney mean transit time (MTT) and DRF by integral and Rutland-Patlak were calculated by observers.

Results
The overall agreement between three observers was almost perfect [the average intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) above 0.99] in children and adults, with no significant difference between the parameters of renal drainage, transit and DRF. ICCs for all parameters were higher than 0.980 in children under 12 months, even slightly greater for PM/max and OEF+20. In children with poor/incomplete drainage and DRF below 40%, ICCs were above 0.98. In the subgroup of adults with impaired overall tubular extraction rate, level of reproducibility was almost perfect. Slightly lower but still insignificant values of ICC were presented in adults with poor/incomplete drainage.

Conclusion
Our results indicate an excellent interobserver reproducibility for all quantitative parameters of IAEA software in both pediatric and adult patients.
Early Complications Following Articular Calcaneus Fracture Repair
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , Hermelin Michael J. , Tanenbaum Joseph E. , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives:
To assess complications and secondary operations in patients treated with either open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) versus percutaneous fixation of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures.

Design:
Retrospective comparative study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Ninety-three adult patients with 111 fractures treated by a single orthopaedic traumatologist between 2001 and 2014.

Intervention:
ORIF through an extensile lateral approach or percutaneous reduction and internal fixation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Wound-healing complications, infections, posttraumatic arthrosis (PTOA), and secondary procedures.

Results:
Fifty patients with 58 fractures underwent ORIF, and 43 patients with 53 fractures had percutaneous fixation. Mean age was 43 years, and 80% were male. Open fractures and two-part fractures were more often treated percutaneously (26% vs 8%, P = 0.03) and (49% vs 31%, P = 0.02), respectively. Patients undergoing percutaneous fixation were more often tobacco users (58% vs 36%, P = 0.04) and with history of alcohol and other substance abuse. Twenty-seven patients (29%) had 28 complications, including 21% with PTOA, with no differences based on type of treatment. Six patients had secondary procedures, with no difference based on type of treatment. Patients with open fractures (P = 0.001) or tobacco abuse (P = 0.005) were more likely to experience complications.

Conclusions:
No differences in complication rates were found for ORIF versus percutaneous fixation. Regardless of fixation technique, patients with open fractures or history of tobacco abuse were more likely to develop complications. Percutaneous reduction and fixation represents an alternative to extensile ORIF in terms of similar early and late complications, particularly in high risk patients.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III
Incidence of Postoperative Adverse Events after Rhinoplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharif-Askary Banafsheh , Carlson Anna R. , Van Noord Megan G. , Marcus Jeffrey R. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Adverse events after rhinoplasty vary in etiology and severity, a fact that is reflected in the current American Society of Plastic Surgeons rhinoplasty consent form. However, there is currently no literature providing a comprehensive summation of evidence-based quantifiable risk of adverse events after rhinoplasty. Given this limitation, patients considering rhinoplasty are unable to fully ascertain preoperative risk, and the ability of physicians to obtain true informed consent is similarly flawed. This systematic review provides the first rigorous, comprehensive, and quantitative reporting of adverse events after rhinoplasty.

Methods:
This review was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (registration no. CRD42018081826) in April of 2018. Eligible articles were published in peer-reviewed journals with available abstracts and full-text articles. Interventions included primary functional, aesthetic, and combined functional/aesthetic rhinoplasty. The following data were extracted: study size, population characteristics, indication, surgical approach, concomitant procedures, and incidence of adverse events.

Results:
A search yielded 3215 publications for title and abstract screening. Three hundred twenty-two were eligible for full-text review. Thirty-six met final inclusion criteria. A total of 13 adverse events were reported among these studies and included need for revision (0 to 10.9 percent), infection (0 to 4 percent), dehiscence (0 to 5 percent), bleeding (0 to 4.1 percent), septal perforation (0 to 2.6 percent), nasal airway obstruction requiring revision (0 to 3 percent), and hypertrophic scarring (0 to 1.5 percent).

Conclusions:
This systematic review presents the first comprehensive and quantitative reporting of adverse event frequency after rhinoplasty. This is a crucial tool for preoperative patient counseling and an essential adjunct in the acquisition of informed consent. Future investigations will benefit from transparency and standardization of reporting to further quantify adverse event rates.
Long-Term Growth following Trigonocephaly Repairs: Are Overcorrections Necessary?
Authors: Fearon Jeffrey A. , Ditthakasem Kanlaya , Chan Wing Nam J. , Herbert Morley 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Does bifrontal width change with growth following trigonocephaly corrections? Postoperative long-term growth was assessed, along with the impacts of phenotypic severity, surgical timing, and operative technique, to determine how wide to surgically set bifrontal width.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all trigonocephaly repairs was performed. Exclusion criteria included syndromic conditions, incomplete records, and follow-up under 1 year. Anthropometric measurements taken through completion of growth were evaluated and compared to sex- and age-matched normal standards for Z score conversion.

Results:
Of 370 consecutive patients undergoing repairs, 95 had sufficient anthropometric data. The mean surgical age was 10.8 months (range, 2 months to 7 years) and mean follow-up was 54.3 months (range, 12 months to 17.8 years). Sequential measurements revealed progressive increases in bifrontal width. However, following conversion to Z scores, the initial overcorrection (mean overcorrection, 8.7 mm; mean Z score, +2.3) steadily diminished to an undercorrection (mean measurement, −5.5 mm; mean Z score, −1.1). Compared to treatment at an older age (10 to 12 months), repairs performed in those younger than 8 months showed worse growth (p = 0.004). Those more severely affected (lowest bifrontal Z scores) had growth similar to that of those more mildly impacted. Only two patients (2.1 percent) underwent secondary procedures for recurrences. No correlation was found between anthropologic measurements and observers’ severity assessments.

Conclusions:
Subnormal bifrontal growth occurs following trigonocephaly corrections, especially with earlier corrections. Repairs performed at approximately 11 months of age had to be overcorrected by approximately 1.5 cm to produce a normal bifrontal width at maturity.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Secondary Unilateral Cleft Rhinoplasty Using Natural Curvature of Rib Cartilage as Alar Rim Graft: A Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Long-Term Results
Authors: Liu Clarence Sze-Wai , Hsiao Yen-Chang , Huang Jung-Ju , Chen Jyh-Ping , Pascasio Dax , Chang Chun-Shin , Lo Lun-Jou , Chen Philip Kuo-Ting , Chen Yu-Ray , Ku Peter Ka-Ming 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Since 2012, the senior author has incorporated the natural curvature of rib cartilage as an alar rim graft in addition to the diced cartilage technique for unilateral cleft rhinoplasty. The aim of this study is to describe this modification and evaluate its long-term results regarding nasal symmetry using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric assessment (3dMDface system).

Methods:
From 2012 to 2018, 47 consecutive patients that underwent secondary unilateral cleft rhinoplasty were reviewed retrospectively. Sixteen patients with both preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional photographs taken at least 6 months after the operation were included. SimPlant O&O software was used to measure parameters on three-dimensional photographs: nostril heights, nostril widths, nasal dorsum heights, alare width, nostril areas, overlapping nostril area, nasal tip protrusion, nasal length, and nasal height before and after surgery. The ratios between cleft and noncleft sides were calculated. In addition, the overlapping nostril area ratio, tip protrusion-width index, and nasal index were compared before and after surgery.

Results:
The preoperative nostril height ratio (0.79), nostril width ratio (1.24), and nasal dome height ratio (0.84) between cleft and noncleft sides were significantly improved after surgery to 0.93, 1.06, and 0.97, respectively. The preoperative overlapping nostril area ratio (72.33 percent), nasal tip protrusion-width index (0.48), and nasal index (0.81) also showed significant improvement postoperatively to 83.91 percent, 0.57, and 0.74, respectively.

Conclusion:
This preliminary study supports the use of natural curvature of rib cartilage as alar rim graft in secondary unilateral cleft rhinoplasty, with long-term improvement regarding nasal symmetry and nasal profile.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Mechanical model of muscle contraction. 3. The orientation of the levers belonging to the myosin heads in working stroke follows the same uniform law in all half-sarcomeres of an isometrically stimulated fiber
Authors: Louvet S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA myosin II head is modelled during the working stroke (WS) by three rigid segments articulated between them: the motor domain (S1a), the lever (S1b) and the rod (S2). Hypothesis 4 introduced in accompanying Paper 2 states that the lever of a WS head moves in a fixed plane where the position of S1b is characterized by the angle θ. This assumption allows the geometrization of a cross-bridge, i.e. the poly-articulated chain consisting of five rigid segments: the actin filament (Afil), S1a, S1b, S2, and the myosin filament (Mfil). The equations established in Paper 2 are operative to calculate the number of heads potentially in WS for a Mfil surrounded by six Afil. In addition, the value of the angles θ of the levers belonging to these WS heads is accessible. This census leads to an integer number (Np) of angular positions (θi) distributed discretely between θupand θdown, the two values that delimit θ during the WS. The number of Mfil per half-sarcomere (hs) is estimated between 400 and 2000 depending on the typology, figures that induce Gaussian variability for each of the Npvalues θi calculated for a single Mfil. By summing the Gaussian Npdensities and after normalization, we obtain a probability density (dG) of the continuous variable θ between θupand θdown. The function dGis calculated for a random length of a hs between 1 and 1.1 μm where the binding rate of the myosin heads is maximum. From this reference length, the hs is shortened 11 times with a step of 1 nm, i.e. a total of 11 nm. For each shortening, a count of the new θi positions is performed, which leads to a new probability density dG. The classic statistical law that approximates these 12 distributions of θ is the Uniform law between θupand θdown. Other conditions and values given to the data of the algorithmic procedure lead to a similar result, hence the formulation of hypothesis 5: the distribution of the angle θ follows an identical uniform law in all the hs of a muscle fiber stimulated in isometric conditions.
Mechanical model of muscle contraction. 4. Theoretical calculations of the tension during the isometric tetanus plateau and the tension exerted at the end of phase 1 of a length step
Authors: Louvet S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHypothesis 4 presented in accompanying Paper 2 states that the lever of a myosin II head in working stroke (WS) moves in a fixed plane, the orientation of the lever being defined by the angle θ. From this conjecture can be deduced the hypothesis 5 developed in accompanying Paper 3: the distribution of θ is identical and uniform in each half-sarcomere (hs) of a muscle fiber stimulated under isometric conditions. We propose a sixth hypothesis that establishes a linear relationship between the θ angle and the motor moment (ℳ) exerted on the lever. These three hypotheses lead to calculations of the tension during isometric tetanus plateau (T0) and the tension applied at the end of phase 1 of a length step when the only internal actions are the forces of elastic origin produced by the myosin heads in WS (T1Elas). However, the T1Elasvalues are higher than those observed experimentally. The model introduces the presence of viscosity as the seventh hypothesis. The internal actions resulting from the coupling of the elasticity of the WS heads and the viscosity make it possible to explain all the observed phenomena that contribute to the phase 1 of a length step. An adequate adjustment between the theoretical tension from the model (T1) and the tension representative of the end of phase 1 exposed in examples from the physiological literature is proven (r2> 98%). Other parameters such as stiffness (e), compliance (C) and strain (Y) are deduced; their investigation enables the construction of an analytical “nanoscope” by means of which the uniform density of θ is explored. The equations for T0, T1, e, C and Y explain and predict the influence of factors such as the duration of phase 1, the initial length of the sarcomere, the concentration of calcium, the presence of an inhibitor, the tension rise to the isometric tetanus plateau, relaxation after tetanization or shortening at constant speed. The results obtained during a slack-test are indicated by the model, the slack of the fiber being interpreted as an event of purely viscous origin.
Mechanical model of muscle contraction. 6. Calculations of the tension exerted by a skeletal fiber during a shortening staircase
Authors: S. Louvet 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccompanying Paper 1 tests a theoretical relationship between force and shortening velocity of a muscle fiber without justifying its validity. Paper 2 determines the kinematics and dynamics of a myosin II head during the working stroke (WS). Paper 3 imposes the Uniform law as a density representative of the orientation of the levers belonging to the WS heads. By support of these works, Papers 4 and 5 put into equation the evolution of the tension during the four phases of a length step. The present paper closes all six articles by imposing two tasks on itself. The first purpose is to apply the theoretical elements developed for a length step to a succession of identical length steps, otherwise known as shortening staircase. With the values of the geometric and temporal parameters assigned to a myosin head in Papers 1 to 5, a correct adjustment is established between the theoretical tension deduced from our model and the experimental tension published in 1997 by a team of Italian researchers relating to nine shortening staircases performed on the same fiber. In particular, we obtain the equation of the tension reached at the time end of the step (T*) which remains constant step by step as soon as the shortening of a half-sarcomere exceeds 17 nm. The second objective is to find and explain the equation of the Force-Velocity curve introducedex abruptointo Paper 1: by decreasing the size and duration of the steps, the staircase tends towards a constant slope line corresponding to a continuous speed shortening. By applying the methods of infinitesimal calculus to the different formulations leading to T*, we deduce the Force-Velocity relationship (see Supplement S6.L). And the circle is complete.
MSL3 coordinates a transcriptional and translational meiotic program in female Drosophila
Authors: McCarthy Alicia , Sarkar Kahini , Martin Elliot T , Upadhyay Maitreyi , James Joshua R , Lin Jennifer M , Jang Seoyeon , Williams Nathan D , Forni Paolo E , Buszczak Michael , Rangan Prashanth 
Published: December 2019

SummaryGamete formation from germline stem cells (GSCs) is essential for sexual reproduction. However, the regulation of GSC differentiation and meiotic entry are incompletely understood. Set2, which deposits H3K36me3 modifications, is required for differentiation of GSCs duringDrosophilaoogenesis. We discovered that the H3K36me3 reader Male-specific lethal 3 (MSL3) and the histone acetyltransferase complex Ada2a-containing (ATAC) cooperate with Set2 to regulate entry into meiosis in femaleDrosophila. MSL3 expression is restricted to the mitotic and early meiotic stages of the female germline, where it promotes transcription of genes encoding synaptonemal complex components and a germline enrichedribosomal protein S19paralog,RpS19b.RpS19bupregulation is required for translation of Rbfox1, a known meiotic cell cycle entry factor. Thus, MSL3 is a master regulator of meiosis, coordinating the expression of factors required for recombination and GSC differentiation. We find that MSL3 is expressed during mouse spermatogenesis, suggesting a conserved function during meiosis.