bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locating induced earthquakes with a network of seismic stations in Oklahoma via a deep learning method
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Zhang Jie , Yuan Congcong , Liu Sen , Chen Zhibo , Li Weiping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe accurate and automated determination of small earthquake (ML < 3.0) locations is still a challenging endeavor due to low signal-to-noise ratio in data. However, such information is critical for monitoring seismic activity and assessing potential hazards. In particular, earthquakes caused by industrial injection have become a public concern, and regulators need a solid capability for estimating small earthquakes that may trigger the action requirements for operators to follow in real time. In this study, we develop a fully convolutional network and locate earthquakes induced during oil and gas operations in Oklahoma with data from 30 network stations. The network is trained by 1,013 cataloged events (ML ≥ 3.0) as base data along with augmented data accounting for smaller events (3.0 > ML ≥ 0.5), and the output is a 3D volume of the event location probability in the Earth. The prediction results suggest that the mean epicenter errors of the testing events (ML ≥ 1.5) vary from 3.7 to 6.4 km, meeting the need of the traffic light system in Oklahoma, but smaller events (ML = 1.0, 0.5) show errors larger than 11 km. Synthetic tests suggest that the accuracy of ground truth from catalog affects the prediction results. Correct ground truth leads to a mean epicenter error of 2.0 km in predictions, but adding a mean location error of 6.3 km to ground truth causes a mean epicenter error of 4.9 km. The automated system is able to distinguish certain interfered events or events out of the monitoring zone based on the output probability estimate. It requires approximately one hundredth of a second to locate an event without the need for any velocity model or human interference.
Rapid and Precise Semi-Automatic Axon Quantification in Human Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Engelmann S. , Ruewe M. , Geis S. , Taeger C. D. , Kehrer M. , Tamm E. R. , Bleys R. L. A. W , Zeman F. , Prantl L. , Kehrer A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe developed a time-efficient semi-automated axon quantification method using freeware in human cranial nerve sections stained with paraphenylenediamine (PPD). It was used to analyze a total of 1238 facial and masseteric nerve biopsies. The technique was validated by comparing manual and semi-automated quantification of 129 (10.4%) randomly selected biopsies. The software-based method demonstrated a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 87%. Semi-automatic axon counting was significantly faster (p < 0.001) than manual counting. It took 1 hour and 47 minutes for all 129 biopsies (averaging 50 sec per biopsy, 0.04 seconds per axon). The counting process is automatic and does not need to be supervised. Manual counting took 21 hours and 6 minutes in total (average 9 minutes and 49 seconds per biopsy, 0.52 seconds per axon). Our method showed a linear correlation to the manual counts (R = 0.944 Spearman rho). Attempts have been made by several research groups to automate axonal load quantification. These methods often require specific hard- and software and are therefore only accessible to a few specialized laboratories. Our semi-automated axon quantification is precise, reliable and time-sparing using publicly available software and should be useful for an effective axon quantification in various human peripheral nerves.
Expression of protocadherin-20 in mouse taste buds
Authors: Hirose Fumie , Takai Shingo , Takahashi Ichiro , Shigemura Noriatsu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTaste information is detected by taste cells and then transmitted to the brain through the taste nerve fibers. According to our previous data, there may be specific coding of taste quality between taste cells and nerve fibers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this coding specificity remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate molecules that may regulate the specific coding. GeneChip analysis of mRNA isolated from the mice taste papillae and taste ganglia revealed that 14 members of the cadherin superfamily, which are important regulators of synapse formation and plasticity, were expressed in both tissues. Among them, protocadherin-20 (Pcdh20) was highly expressed in a subset of taste bud cells, and co-expressed with taste receptor type 1 member 3 (T1R3, a marker of sweet- or umami-sensitive taste cells) but not gustducin or carbonic anhydrase-4 (markers of bitter/sweet- and sour-sensitive taste cells, respectively) in circumvallate papillae. Furthermore, Pcdh20 expression in taste cells occurred later than T1R3 expression during the morphogenesis of taste papillae. Thus, Pcdh20 may be involved in taste quality-specific connections between differentiated taste cells and their partner neurons, thereby acting as a molecular tag for the coding of sweet and/or umami taste.
A rare subpopulation of melanoma cells with low expression of metastasis suppressor NME1 is highly metastatic in vivo
Authors: Snyder Devin , Wang Ying , Kaetzel David M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite recent advances in melanoma treatment, metastasis and resistance to therapy remain serious clinical challenges. NME1 is a metastasis suppressor, a class of proteins which inhibits metastatic spread of cancer cells without impact on growth of the primary tumor. We have identified a rare subpopulation of cells with markedly reduced expression of NME1 (NME1LOW) in human melanoma cell lines. To enable isolation of viable NME1LOW cells for phenotypic analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated approach was used to attach an EGFP coding module to the C-terminus of the endogenous NME1 gene in melanoma cell lines. NME1LOW cells displayed enhanced collective invasion in vitro when implanted as 3D aggregates in Matrigel. NME1LOW cells were also highly metastatic to lung and liver when xenografted subcutaneously in immune-deficient NSG mice. RNA-seq analysis revealed that NME1LOW cells express elevated levels of genes associated with tumor aggressiveness, as well as with morphogenesis of tissues of neural crest-like origin (melanocytes and neurons, bone and heart tissues; GO: 0009653). The highly malignant NME1LOW variant of melanoma cells has potential to provide novel therapeutic targets and molecular markers for improved clinical management of patients with advanced melanoma.
Petroleum-Tolerant Rhizospheric Bacteria: Isolation, Characterization and Bioremediation Potential
Authors: Viesser Jéssica Aparecida , Sugai-Guerios Maura Harumi , Malucelli Lucca Centa , Pincerati Marcia Regina , Karp Susan Grace , Maranho Leila Teresinha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPetroleum is an important energy source. Due to its intensive exploration, accidents resulting in oil spills on soil are frequent, which creates consequences to ecosystems and human health. Rhizodegradation is an efficient technique that promotes the decontamination of polluted environments through the selection and use of rhizosphere microorganisms from phytoremediation plants. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and characterize bacteria capable of degrading petroleum from the rhizosphere ofPanicum aquaticumPoir., a plant that grows in petroleum contaminated soils. Three bacteria were isolated and characterized at the morphological (Gram staining), molecular (16S rRNA gene sequence analysis) and biochemical level. These bacteria were identified as new strains ofBacillus thurigiensis,Bacillus pumilusandRhodococcus hoagii, which have been reported as potential bioremediators in the literature. All three bacteria were able to use petroleum hydrocarbons as the sole carbon source during in vitrodegradation assays. Gas chromatography analysis of these assays indicated reductions of petroleum hydrocarbons between 23% and 96% within 48 h. Among the isolated bacteria,Rhodococcus hoagiipresented the highest efficiency of petroleum consumption, reaching 87% of degradation after only 24 h of cultivation, which corresponds to a higher and faster degradation than previously reported, confirming the potential use ofRhodococcus hoagiifor petroleum biodegradation.
Optimal Mass Transport with Lagrangian Workflow Reveals Advective and Diffusion Driven Solute Transport in the Glymphatic System
Authors: Koundal Sunil , Elkin Rena , Nadeem Saad , Xue Yuechuan , Constantinou Stefan , Sanggaard Simon , Liu Xiaodan , Monte Brittany , Xu Feng , Van Nostrand William , Nedergaard Maiken , Lee Hedok , Wardlaw Joanna , Benveniste Helene , Tannenbaum Allen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe glymphatic system (GS) hypothesis states that advective driven cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) influx from the perivascular spaces into the interstitial fluid space rapidly transport solutes and clear waste from brain. However, the presence of advection in neuropil is contested and solutes are claimed to be transported by diffusion only. To address this controversy, we implemented a regularized version of the optimal mass transport (rOMT) problem, wherein the advection/diffusion equation is the only a priori assumption required. rOMT analysis with a Lagrangian perspective of GS transport revealed that solute speed was faster in CSF compared to grey and white matter. Further, rOMT analysis also demonstrated 2-fold differences in regional solute speed within the brain. Collectively, these results imply that advective transport dominates in CSF while diffusion and advection both contribute to GS transport in parenchyma. In a rat model of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), solute transport in the perivascular spaces (PVS) and PVS-to-tissue transfer was slower compared to normal rats. Thus, the analytical framework of rOMT provides novel insights in the local dynamics of GS transport that may have implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Future studies should apply the rOMT analysis approach to confirm GS transport reductions in humans with cSVD.
Protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide on D-galactose-induced aging rats model
Authors: Zheng Shaoyan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe polysaccharide of Polygonatum sibiricum (PSP)is one of the main active ingredients of Polygonatum Polygonatum in Liliaceae. It has anti-tumor, anti-aging, immune regulation, and anti-oxidative effects. Recent studies have shown that the Klotho gene and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) have a common receptor, which is closely related to aging and highly expressed in kidney and meninges. Our study aimed to investigate the anti-aging effect of PSP on D-galactose-induced rats and its mechanism. D-galactose (120 mg Kg-1) and PSP (100 mg Kg-1) was used to intervene in rats, respectively. Then The changes of indexes of the natural aging-like model rats before and after PSP intervention were observed. We found that PSP could significantly improve the learning and memory abilities of rats and reverse the pathological changes of kidney tissues in rats. At the same time, PSP up-regulated the expression of Klotho mRNA and Klotho protein in the renal cortex, down-regulated the expression of FOXO3a mRNA and p-FOXO3a protein in renal tissue, and inhibited the expression of FGF-23 protein in the femur. Our studies suggest that PSP may play a role by regulating the Klotho-FGF23 endocrine axis, alleviating oxidative stress, and balancing calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
The novel application of cordycepin in maintaining stem cell pluripotency and increasing iPS cell generation efficiency
Authors: Wang Chie-Hong , Chang Cheng-Hsuan , Lin Tsung-Li , Fu Ru-Huei , Huang Yu-Chuen , Chen Shih-Yin , Shyu Woei-Cherng , Liu Shih-Ping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMaintaining the pluripotency of either embryonic stem (ES) cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is a fundamental part of stem cell research. In this study, we reported that cordycepin promoted the expression of pluripotency markers in ES and iPS cells. ES cells treated with cordycepin demonstrated their potential for generating embryoid bodies and differentiating into all three germ layers. The expression levels of phospho-Jak2, phospho-Stat3, integrin αV, and integrin β5 were increased after cordycepin treatment. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of IL-6 family proteins (IL-6, IL-11, LIF, oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were also upregulated after cordycepin treatment, but were restored after co-treatment with a Jak2 inhibitor (AG490). The gene expression levels of Yamanaka factors were upregulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) after cordycepin treatment. Moreover, the generation efficiencies of iPS cells were elevated after cordycepin treatment. We found that iPS cells generated after cordycepin treatment, not only expressed pluripotency markers, but also showed the ability of differentiating into neuron stem/progenitor cells. Taken together, we demonstrated that cordycepin maintained the pluripotency of stem cells via regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway and improved the generation efficiency of iPSCs.
Comparison of the complete plastomes and the phylogenetic analysis of Paulownia species
Authors: Li Pingping , Lou Gongli , Cai Xiaoran , Zhang Bin , Cheng Yueqin , Wang Hongwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPaulownia species are important ecological, economic and ornamental species, but their phylogenetic relationship remains unclear, which seriously affects the development and utilization of these important resources. The complete chloroplast genomes of six Paulownia species were assembled by next-generation sequencing data. By adding two known Paulownia chloroplast genomes to these six assembled genomes, we performed the comparative analysis and phylogenetic tree reconstruction of Paulownia. The results indicated that the chloroplast genomes of Paulownia species ranged in size from 154,107 to 154,694 bp. These chloroplast genomes contained 117 unique functional genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, four rRNA genes, and 33 tRNA genes. Twelve hotspot regions, five protein-coding genes and seven noncoding regions, were identified in the chloroplast genomes that showed high levels of sequence variation. Additionally, positive selection was observed in three genes, rps2, rbcL and ndhG. The maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) analysis strongly supported the monophyletic origin of Paulownia species, which clustered into two major clades: One clade included P. coreana, P. tomentosa and P. kawakamii, while the other clade comprised the 5 other species including P. fargesii and P. australis. This study provides useful genetic information for phylogenetic reconstruction, taxonomic discrepancies, and studying species evolution and phylogeography in Paulownia.
Automated assessment of regional muscle volume and hypertrophy using MRI
Authors: Mandić Mirko , Rullman Eric , Widholm Per , Lilja Mats , Dahlqvist Leinhard Olof , Gustafsson Thomas , Lundberg Tommy R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to validate a fully automatic method to quantify knee-extensor muscle volume and exercise-induced hypertrophy. By using a magnetic resonance imaging-based fat-water separated two-point Dixon sequence, the agreement between automated and manual segmentation of a specific ~15-cm region (partial volume) of the quadriceps muscle was assessed. We then explored the sensitivity of the automated technique to detect changes in both complete and partial quadriceps volume in response to 8 weeks of resistance training in 26 healthy men and women. There was a very strong correlation (r = 0.98, P < 0.0001) between the manual and automated method for assessing partial quadriceps volume, yet the volume was 9.6% greater with automated compared with manual analysis (P < 0.0001, 95% limits of agreement −93.3 ± 137.8 cm3). Partial muscle volume showed a 6.0 ± 5.0% (manual) and 4.8 ± 8.3% (automated) increase with training (P < 0.0001). Similarly, the complete quadriceps increased 5.1 ± 5.5% with training (P < 0.0001). The intramuscular fat proportion decreased (P < 0.001) from 4.1% to 3.9% after training. In conclusion, the automated method showed excellent correlation with manual segmentation and could detect clinically relevant magnitudes of exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy. This method could have broad application to accurately measure muscle mass in sports or to monitor clinical conditions associated with muscle wasting and fat infiltration.
Research Mentoring: Decreasing the Gap in Clinical Application of Evidence in the School-Based Setting
Authors: Smith Janice C. , Ward McKenzie 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this article was to describe how effective research mentoring, with emphasis on implementation science, may contribute to speech-language pathologists' experiences integrating current evidence into practice in the school-based setting during the clinical fellowship (CF) year. A case example will be used to illustrate mentoring outcomes and provide insight from a 1st year professional, currently in the CF year, who completed a research mentoring program. This case example will detail a faculty-graduate student research mentorship experience and the carryover influence on the new fellow's 1st year of clinical practice.

Conclusion
Research mentoring emphasizing implementation science methods and identified qualities of effective mentoring has the potential to contribute to speech-language pathologists' experiences integrating current evidence into practice in the school-based setting during the CF year. Certainly, outcomes of mentorship experiences are contingent on the quality of mentoring activities and the characteristics of both mentor and mentee. However, it is important to consider that the value of good mentoring may add to the transition from student to professional, particularly with regard to implementing research-supported strategies and techniques into daily practice.
Frequency reconfigurable antenna based on commercial graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Yasir M. , Savi P. 
Published: February 2020

A voltage‐controlled frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented. The reconfigurable antenna comprises of a microstrip patch antenna connected to two grounded stubs via commercial graphene nanoplatelets. An applied bias voltage varies the resistance of graphene. The length and width of the stubs are optimised to cause a change in reactance because of a change in graphene resistance. A change in the reactance at the radiating edge of the patch antenna varies its resonant frequency. Commercial graphene nanoplatelets bear higher sheet resistance. The complete structure is designed to provide maximum frequency shift with minimum mismatch. The optimised simulated design is fabricated and comparable measured results are obtained. The resulting measured frequency shift is 310 MHz at a frequency of 5 GHz.
Characterisation of suprathermal electron pitch-angle distributions
Authors: Carcaboso Fernando , Gómez-Herrero Raúl , Espinosa Lara Francisco , Hidalgo Miguel A. , Cernuda Ignacio , Rodríguez-Pacheco Javier 
Published: February 2020

Context. Suprathermal electron pitch-angle distributions (PADs) contain substantial information about the magnetic topology of the solar wind. Their characterisation and quantification allow us to automatically identify periods showing certain characteristics.
Aims. This work presents a robust automatic method for the identification and statistical study of two different types of PADs: bidirectional suprathermal electrons (BDE, often associated with closed magnetic structures) and isotropic (likely corresponding to solar-detached magnetic field lines or highly scattered electrons).
Methods. Spherical harmonics were fitted to the observed suprathermal PADs of the 119–193 eV energy channel of STEREO/SWEA from March 2007 to July 2014, and they were characterised using signal processing analysis in order to identify periods of isotropic and bidirectional PADs. The characterisation has been validated by comparing the results obtained here with those of previous studies.
Results. Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) present longer BDE periods inside the magnetic obstacles. A significant amount of BDE remain after the end of the ICME. Isotropic PADs are found in the sheath of the ICMEs, and at the post-ICME region likely due to the erosion of the magnetic field lines. Both isotropy and BDE are solar-cycle dependent. The isotropy observed by STEREO shows a nearly annual periodicity, which requires further investigation. There is also a correspondence between the number of ICMEs observed and the percentage of time showing BDE.
Conclusions. A method to characterise PADs has been presented and applied to the automatic identification of two relevant distributions that are commonly observed in the solar wind, such as BDE and isotropy. Four catalogues (STEREO-A and STEREO-B for isotropic and BDE periods of at least 10 min) based on this identification are provided for future applications.
Cafeteria von Patienten für Patienten
Authors: Hahl Doris , Weisbrod Sabine 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungPatienten, die längerfristig in der Forensik untergebracht sind, zu motivieren, an therapeutischen Maßnahmen aktiv mitzuwirken, ist häufig schwierig. Die Vitos Klinik für forensische Psychiatrie im hessischen Riedstadt hat deshalb eine Cafeteria eingerichtet, die von Patienten für Patienten betrieben wird und eine willkommene Abwechslung zum Stationsalltag ist. Anhand von wirklichkeitsnahen Bedingungen lernen die Patienten eine reale Arbeitssituation kennen und wechseln von der Rolle des „zu Behandelnden“ in die Rolle des „Handelnden“.
Hilflosigkeit der Patientin
Authors: Otten Elena 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungIm 5. Teil unserer Serie geht es um eine 51-jährige Patientin, die seit ihrem Jugendalter unter starken Zwängen leidet. Seit dem Tod ihrer Mutter vor über 20 Jahren ist sie alkoholabhängig und depressiv. Sie hat das Gefühl, nichts zu können und anderen eine Last zu sein. Lesen Sie, wie das Pflegeteam es schafft, mithilfe der systemischen Fallbesprechung neue Perspektiven für sich und die Patientin zu entwickeln.
Traumasensible psychiatrische Pflege
Authors: Maria Reichel Anja 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungTraumatische Erfahrungen, wie körperliche oder sexuelle Gewalt, aber auch Krieg und Unfälle, können dazu beitragen, dass sich eine Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung entwickelt. Um traumatisierte Menschen auf ihrem Genesungsweg begleiten zu können, müssen Pflegende wissen, was die Betroffenen brauchen. Unsere Autorin hat deshalb ein traumaspezifisches Behandlungskonzept entwickelt, das sich am Bedarf der Betroffenen orientiert und individuell zugeschnittene Hilfe ermöglicht.