bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UJI MUTU JENANG KETAN DENGAN PENGAWET NATRIUM BENZOAT DAN TEKNIK PENGOLAHAN TERHADAP KETAHANAN PRODUK SELAMA DUA PULUH LIMA HARI
Authors: Maa’idah Ulfa Nur 
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang : Olahan jenang ketan yang beredar di pasaran belum menggunakan takaran bahan pengawet sesuai dengan peraturan BPOM No. No.36 Tahun 2013. Hal ini mendorong peneliti untuk melakukan berbagai uji coba guna menemukan teknik pengolahan jenang ketan yang tepat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lanjutan, yang sebelumnya telah melakukan berbagai teknik pembuatan jenang ketan. Kemudian dipilih satu percobaan yang menghasilkan produk jenang ketan yang bertahan selama duapuluh lima hari berdasarkan pengamatan secara organoleptis. Tujuan : Untuk membuktikan bahwa teknik pembuatan jenang ketan dinyatakan layak, bukan hanya dari segi pengamatan organoleptis, namun juga di kuatkan dari hasil penelitian ALT dan AKK produk jenang ketan tersebut. Variasi pengamatan dari penelitian ini, terdiri dari dua cara teknik pengolahan yaitu dengan cara dikukus pada hari keenam dan cara tidak dikukus. Penelitian ini memadukan antara pemilihan teknik pengolahan pencampuran bahan-bahan pembuatan jenang ketan dan tambahan pengawet natrium benzoat sebesar 500 mg/kg bahan pada jenang ketan sehingga produk mampu bertahan selama duapuluh lima hari. Metode : Sampel yang digunakan olahan jenang ketan dengan takaran pengawet natrium benzoat 650mg diambil secara propotiorne stratified random sampling. Hasil : Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa uji organoleptis jenang ketan dapat bertahan selama duapuluh lima hari. Hasil uji ALT tidak memenuhi persyaratan dan hasil uji AKK memenuhi persyaratan sesuai dengan PERKA BPOM Nomor HK 00.06.1.52.4011 Tahun 2009. Simpulan dan saran : Hasil uji dari produk jenang ketan, yang sebelumnya melalui uji coba teknik pembuatan jenang ketan dengan penambahan pengawet Natrium Benzoat (500mg/kg bahan) berdasarkan PERKA BPOM Nomor HK. 00.06.1.52.4011 Tahun 2009, dapat dinyatakan sebagai teknik yang cukup baik dengan ketahanan produk hingga 25 hari berdasarkan hasil dari uji organoleptis, uji ALT dan uji AKK. Dapat dinyatakan bahwa pengawet Natrium Banzoat dengan takaran 500mg/kg bahan, efektif sebagai pengawet pada jenang ketan, asalkan di olah dengan teknik yang tepat dalam proses pembuatannya.
UJI CEMARAN MIKROBA PADA INFUS SESUDAH PAKAI DENGAN METODE ANGKA LEMPENG TOTAL (ALT) DAN ANGKA KAPANG KHAMIR (AKK) DI RUMAH SAKIT “Y” DI PONOROGO “
Authors: Palupi Charlis 
Published: December 2020

Latar belakangInfus sesudah pakai adalahsisa infus yang telah dipakai oleh pasien dengan cara memasukkan suatu cairan atau obat ke dalam tubuh melalui rute intravena dengan laju konstan selama periode waktu tertentu. Selain itu pengelolaan infus sesudah pakai yang kurang tepat dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan pasien dan pegawai lainnya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui adanya cemaran mikroba dan jumlah cemaran mikroba pada infus sesudah pakai di rumah sakit “Y” di Ponorogo. Metode: Sampel infus bekas pakai yang diambil di rumah sakit “Y” di Ponorogo secara purposive sampling. Pengujian mikroba menggunakan Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) dan Angka Kapang Khamir (AKK) sedangkan Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Standart Deviasi.Hasil Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Nilai Angka Lempeng Total pada infus sesudah pakai adalah 2,25 x 102koloni/ml atau 225 koloni/ml dan Nilai Angka Kapang Khamir 1,5 x 101koloni/ml atau 15 koloni/ml. Simpulan dan saran : Infus sesudah pakai yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mengalami pencemaran mikroba dan jamur dan diharapkan harus lebih diperhatikan cara penanganan limbah medis lebih lanjut agar tidak membahayakan petugas, penderita, pengunjung maupun bagi masyarakat di sekitar rumah sakit.
Narrativas de professores de Educação Física egressos do programa de residência do colégio Pedro II: revisitando cadernos e memoriais
Authors: Costa João Augusto Galvão Rosa , Santos Juliana Trajano dos 
Published: December 2020

Este estudo objetiva identificar e refletir sobre eventos significativos de professores de Educação Física egressos do Programa de Residência Docente do Colégio Pedro II, campus engenho novo I, localizado no Rio de Janeiro. A partir da narrativa de si e o lugar de fala, problematizamos o contexto da inserção profissional desses professores na condição de iniciante na carreira docente. Configura-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada na análise documental. Utilizamos materiais empíricos como o Memorial Circunstanciado, anotações do caderno de campo sobre as oficinas, minicursos e palestras a fim de rememorar e sistematizar o processo vivido. Conclui-se que revisitar memoriais e cadernos no âmbito de um processo de rememoração, nos qualifica a compreender a dimensão da profissão professor de Educação Física iniciante na carreira docente, bem como refletir sobre seus conhecimentos, registros, durante e após a inserção no diálogo com o desenvolvimento profissional.
Kwaliteit toelichting omzet in jaarrekening van Europese bouwondernemingen
Authors: van Duuren Roy , ter Hoeven Ralph 
Published: December 2020

In dit artikel wordt de toepassing van IFRS 15 Revenue from Contract with Customers onderzocht voor een populatie van bouwondernemingen en projectontwikkelaars over de boekjaren 2018 en 2019. Het onderzoek richt zich op de informatiewaarde van de aan IFRS 15 gerelateerde toelichtingen en beoogt eventuele leereffecten te onderkennen in het tweede jaar van toepassing van IFRS 15. Om die reden zijn zowel de boekjaren 2018 als 2019 onderzocht.
De uitkomsten laten zien dat er beperkte leereffecten te onderkennen zijn en dat de kwaliteit van toelichtingen sterk varieert in de door ons onderzochte doelgroep. Op basis van best practices worden aanbevelingen geformuleerd ter verhoging van de kwaliteit.
Quantifying the impact of aerosol scattering on the retrieval of methane from airborne remote sensing measurements
Authors: Huang Yunxia , Natraj Vijay , Zeng Zhao-Cheng , Kopparla Pushkar , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. As a greenhouse gas with strong global warming potential,
atmospheric methane (CH4) emissions have attracted a great deal of
attention. Although remote sensing measurements can provide information
about CH4 sources and emissions, accurate retrieval is challenging due to the influence of atmospheric aerosol scattering. In this study, imaging spectroscopic measurements from the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer – Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) in the shortwave infrared are used to compare two retrieval techniques – the traditional matched filter (MF) method and the optimal estimation (OE) method, which is a popular approach for trace gas retrievals. Using a numerically efficient radiative transfer model with an exact single-scattering component and a two-stream multiple-scattering component, we also
simulate AVIRIS-NG measurements for different scenarios and quantify the
impact of aerosol scattering in the two retrieval schemes by including
aerosols in the simulations but not in the retrievals. The presence of
aerosols causes an underestimation of CH4 in both the MF and OE
retrievals; the biases increase with increasing surface albedo and aerosol
optical depth (AOD). Aerosol types with high single-scattering albedo and
low asymmetry parameter (such as water-soluble aerosols) induce large biases in the retrieval. When scattering effects are neglected, the MF method exhibits lower fractional retrieval bias compared to the OE method at high CH4 concentrations (2–5 times typical background values) and is suitable for detecting strong CH4 emissions. For an AOD value of 0.3, the fractional biases of the MF retrievals are between 1.3 % and 4.5 %, while the corresponding values for OE retrievals are in the 2.8 %–5.6 % range. On the other hand, the OE method is an optimal technique for diffuse sources (<1.5 times typical background values), showing up to 5 times smaller fractional retrieval bias (8.6 %) than the MF method (42.6 %) for the same AOD scenario. However, when aerosol scattering is significant, the OE method is superior since it provides a means to reduce biases by simultaneously retrieving AOD, surface albedo, and CH4. The results indicate that, while the MF method is good for plume detection, the OE method should be employed to quantify CH4 concentrations, especially in the presence of aerosol scattering.
Dissecting effects of orbital drift of polar-orbiting satellites on accuracy and trends of climate data records of cloud fractional cover
Authors: Bojanowski Jędrzej S. , Musiał Jan P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Radiometers such as the AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) mounted aboard a series of NOAA and MetOp (Meteorological Operational) polar-orbiting satellites provide 4-decade-long global climate data records (CDRs) of cloud fractional cover. Generation of such long datasets requires combining data from consecutive satellite platforms. A varying number of satellites operating simultaneously in the morning and afternoon orbits, together with satellite orbital drift, cause the uneven sampling of the cloudiness diurnal cycle along a course of a CDR. This in turn leads to significant biases, spurious trends, and inhomogeneities in the data records of climate variables featuring the distinct diurnal cycle (such as clouds). To quantify the uncertainty and magnitude of spurious trends in the AVHRR-based cloudiness CDRs, we sampled the 30 min reference CM SAF (European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites – EUMETSAT – Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring) Cloud Fractional Cover dataset derived from Meteosat First and Second Generation (COMET) at times of the NOAA and MetOp satellite overpasses. The sampled cloud fractional cover (CFC) time series were aggregated to monthly means and compared with the reference COMET dataset covering the Meteosat disc (up to 60∘ N, S, W, and E). For individual NOAA and MetOp satellites the errors in mean monthly CFC reach ±10 % (bias) and ±7 % per decade (spurious trends). For the combined data record consisting of several NOAA and MetOp satellites, the CFC bias is 3 %, and the spurious trends are 1 % per decade. This study proves that before 2002 the AVHRR-derived CFC CDRs do not comply with the GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) temporal stability requirement of 1 % CFC per decade just due to the satellite orbital-drift effect. After this date the requirement is fulfilled due to the numerous NOAA and MetOp satellites operating simultaneously. Yet, the time series starting in 2003 is shorter than 30 years, which makes it difficult to draw reliable conclusions about long-term changes in CFC. We expect that the error estimates provided in this study will allow for a correct interpretation of the AVHRR-based CFC CDRs and ultimately will contribute to the development of a novel satellite orbital-drift correction methodology widely accepted by the AVHRR-based CDR providers.
Variations in diurnal and seasonal net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange in a semiarid sandy grassland ecosystem in China's Horqin Sandy Land
Authors: Niu Yayi , Li Yuqiang , Yun Hanbo , Wang Xuyang , Gong Xiangwen , Duan Yulong , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Grasslands are major terrestrial ecosystems in arid and semiarid regions, and they play important roles in the regional carbon dioxide (CO2)
balance and cycles. Sandy grasslands are sensitive to climate change, yet the magnitudes, patterns, and environmental controls of their
CO2 flows are poorly understood for some regions (e.g., China's Horqin Sandy Land). Here, we report the results from continuous year-round
CO2 flux measurements for 5 years from a sandy grassland in China's Horqin Sandy Land. The grassland was a net CO2 source at an
annual scale with a mean annual net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) of 49 ± 8 gCm-2yr-1 for the years for which a
complete dataset was available (2015, 2016, and 2018). Annual precipitation had the strongest effect on annual NEE; grassland carbon sequestration
increased with the increasing precipitation since NEE depended on annual precipitation. In the spring, NEE decreased (i.e., C sequestration increased)
with increasing magnitude of effective precipitation pulses, total monthly precipitation, and soil temperature (Tsoil). In the summer,
NEE was dominated by the total seasonal precipitation and high precipitation pulses (> 20 mm). In the autumn, NEE increased (i.e., C
sequestration decreased) with increasing effective precipitation pulses, Tsoil, and near-surface soil water content (SWC) but decreased
with increased SWC deeper in the soil. In the winter, NEE decreased with increasing Tsoil and SWC. The sandy grassland was a net annual
CO2 source because drought decreased carbon sequestration by the annual plants. Long-term observations will be necessary to reveal the
true source or sink intensity and its response to environmental and biological factors.
Vertical partitioning of CO2 production in a forest soil
Authors: Wordell-Dietrich Patrick , Wotte Anja , Rethemeyer Janet , Bachmann Jörg , Helfrich Mirjam , Kirfel Kristina , Leuschner Christoph , Don Axel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Large amounts of total organic carbon are temporarily stored in soils, which makes soil respiration one of the major sources of terrestrial CO2 fluxes within the global carbon cycle. More than half of global soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored in subsoils (below 30 cm), which represent a significant carbon (C) pool. Although several studies and models have investigated soil respiration, little is known about the quantitative contribution of subsoils to total soil respiration or about the sources of CO2 production in subsoils. In a 2-year field study in a European beech forest in northern Germany, vertical CO2 concentration profiles were continuously measured at three locations, and CO2 production was quantified in the topsoil and the subsoil. To determine the contribution of fresh litter-derived C to CO2 production in the three soil profiles, an isotopic labelling experiment, using 13C-enriched leaf litter, was performed. Additionally, radiocarbon measurements of CO2 in the soil atmosphere were used to obtain information about the age of the C source in the CO2 production. At the study site, it was found that 90 % of total soil respiration was produced in the first 30 cm of the soil profile, where 53 % of the SOC stock is stored. Freshly labelled litter inputs in the form of dissolved organic matter were only a minor source for CO2 production below a depth of 10 cm. In the first 2 months after litter application, fresh litter-derived C contributed, on average, 1 % at 10 cm depth and 0.1 % at 150 cm depth to CO2 in the soil profile. Thereafter, its contribution was less than 0.3 % and 0.05 % at 10 and 150 cm depths, respectively. Furthermore CO2 in the soil profile had the same modern radiocarbon signature at all depths, indicating that CO2 in the subsoil originated from young C sources despite a radiocarbon age bulk SOC in the subsoil. This suggests that fresh C inputs in subsoils, in the form of roots and root exudates, are rapidly respired, and that other subsoil SOC seems to be relatively stable. The field labelling experiment also revealed a downward diffusion of 13CO2 in the soil profile against the total CO2 gradient. This isotopic dependency should be taken into account when using labelled 13C and 14C isotope data as an age proxy for CO2 sources in the soil.
Development of a multi-method chronology spanning the Last Glacial Interval from Orakei maar lake, Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Peti Leonie , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E. , Hopkins Jenni L. , Nilsson Andreas , Fujioka Toshiyuki , Fink David , Mifsud Charles , Christl Marcus , Muscheler Raimund , Augustinus Paul C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Northern New Zealand is an important location for understanding Last Glacial Interval (LGI) palaeoclimate dynamics, since it is
influenced by both tropical and polar climate systems which have varied in
relative strength and timing. Sediments from the Auckland Volcanic Field
maar lakes preserve records of such large-scale climatic influences on
regional palaeo-environment changes, as well as past volcanic eruptions. The
sediment sequence infilling Orakei maar lake is continuous, laminated, and
rapidly deposited, and it provides a high-resolution (sedimentation rate above
∼ 1 m kyr−1) archive from which to investigate the dynamic nature
of the northern New Zealand climate system over the LGI. Here we present the
chronological framework for the Orakei maar sediment sequence. Our
chronology was developed using Bayesian age modelling of combined
radiocarbon ages, tephrochronology of known-age rhyolitic tephra marker
layers, 40Ar∕39Ar-dated eruption age of a local basaltic volcano, luminescence dating (using post-infrared–infrared stimulated luminescence,
or pIR-IRSL), and the timing of the Laschamp palaeomagnetic excursion. We
have integrated our absolute chronology with tuning of the relative
palaeo-intensity record of the Earth's magnetic field to a global reference
curve (PISO-1500). The maar-forming phreatomagmatic eruption of the Orakei
maar is now dated to > 132 305 years (95 % confidence range:
131 430 to 133 180 years). Our new chronology facilitates high-resolution
palaeo-environmental reconstruction for northern New Zealand spanning the last
ca. 130 000 years for the first time as most NZ records that span all or
parts of the LGI are fragmentary, low-resolution, and poorly dated. Providing
this chronological framework for LGI climate events inferred from the Orakei
sequence is of paramount importance in the context of identification of
leads and lags in different components of the Southern Hemisphere climate
system as well as identification of Northern Hemisphere climate signals.
From Model to Reality: The Role of Implementation Readiness
Authors: Moroney Deborah A. 
Published: December 2020

Arnold and Gagnon’s timely work on the 4-H Thriving Model is an excellent example of the application of developmental science in youth development practice. In their article, the authors describe how 4-H, an established youth development organization, updated the theory of change. Designing an actionable theory of change based on science is indeed a commendable effort for any youth-serving organization. However, the work does not stop there. The diverse 4-H system now has the ultimate challenge of adopting and implementing the principles presented in their theory of change. In this commentary, I discuss the often-overlooked components of implementation readiness: motivation, general capacity, and content-specific knowledge (R=MC2) in relation to the 4-H Thriving Model. When staff are ready, they can succeed in aligning resources and coordinate professional learning for the adults, or implementers, to know and understand the theory of change and associated practices. Fostering learning and development to enact science-informed strategies, as Arnold and Gagnon have done in the 4-H Thriving Model, is critical to developing sound models of youth programming. However, to implement a model into practice, the real and human factors of implementation readiness are key to success.
A formação de professores e o seu impacto para uma transformação da escola
Authors: Lopes de Oliveira Fabiane , Lima Louise , Ferreira Daniela , Cosme Ariana 
Published: December 2020

A formação de professores é um tema relevante dada a oportunidade de que os docentes desenvolvam e assumam um papel de transformação social pelo potencial de oferecer aos estudantes, por um lado, os subsídios para viver na sociedade e, por outro, possibilitar aprendizagens culturalmente significativas, sob a perspectiva de saberes necessários para seu futuro. Sob esta perspectiva assenta o desafio de uma formação transformadora, a partir da díade teoria e prática, no intuito de aprofundar as possibilidades pelas quais o conhecimento poderá ser construído – na lógica de uma prática pedagógica inovadora - e como os professores poderão contribuir com sua atuação docente na produção do conhecimento. O desenho de investigação assenta num estudo exploratório, na perspectiva do paradigma fenomenológico-interpretativo, cujos dados recolhidos tiveram como base a realização de entrevistas com duas
formadoras de Portugal e duas formadoras de Curitiba, que corroboram com as questões no que diz respeito à formação de futuros professores. Importante frisar que a problemática apresentada diz respeito à configuração de uma formação, sob a intenção de relacionar as concessões da formação inicial com a reflexão sobre a ação prática e que no seu todo contribuem para a formação de professores. A análise das respostas das entrevistadas, sustenta a visão de que
a formação inicial é salutar para que os futuros professores se vejam como transformadores sociais.
Violación de Secretos Industriales ante Limitadas Disposiciones Normativas en Honduras
Authors: Pérez Madrid Carlos Alberto 
Published: December 2020

El objetivo principal de esta exhaustiva investigación, es análisis de una figura jurídica pocamente estudiada en el ámbito legal de Honduras y este es el denominado Secreto Industrial, actualmente con la competitividad tan desmesurada en el mercado internacional y nacional, cada vez se vuelve más utilizada por empresas de diferentes rubros, misma que por su esencia de secreto es muy codiciada para su obtención de manera ilícita, la normativa actual es insuficiente para hacerle frente a estas diversas prácticas de mala fe comercial, ya que la vulneran directamente, a diferencias de otras figuras de la propiedad industrial que cuentan con mecanismos protectorios, esta se le imposibilita utilizarlos ya que las leyes que lo regulan no le otorgan esa tutela, en esta publicación se mostrara directamente como mejorar la protección que tiene el Secreto Industrial en Honduras.
La Prueba Anticipada como Herramienta para reducir la Cultura de Litigio Recurriendo al Derecho Comparado
Authors: Guevara Reyes Emerson Noe , Guevara Trujillo Wilfredo 
Published: December 2020

El siguiente artículo está desarrollado con la noción de ofrecer posibles soluciones para reducir la cultura de litigios y que las partes puedan tener mecanismos para poder llegar a acuerdos consensuados y resolver el conflicto, todo esto desde elementos que la misma normativa jurídica tipifica, para ello planteo un breve pero necesario análisis en derecho comparado para demostrar cual es la noción, que el mundo está teniendo en cuanto a la relevancia de las partes para resolver sus conflictos, asimismo ofrezco el mecanismo de la prueba anticipada como una nueva noción, con características de autonomía con la mera intención de información, influenciada principalmente por el derecho brasileño procesal vigente y de origen de Common Law.
UTILIZAÇÃO DA PRÁTICA BASEADA EM EVIDÊNCIAS POR ENFERMEIROS NO SERVIÇO HOSPITALAR
Authors: Silva Juliana de Oliveira Musse , Santos Leila Cristina Oliveira , Menezes Alef Nascimento , Lopes Neto Abel , Melo Luciana Simões de , Silva Flávia Janólio Costacurta Pinto da 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: descrever as práticas, atitudes e conhecimento dos enfermeiros hospitalares sobre a Prática Baseada em Evidências.Método: estudo descritivo, com 124 enfermeiros de um hospital universitário de Sergipe, Brasil. Foi aplicado o questionário Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire, entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2019, e os dados analisados pelos testes de Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis e Post hoc.Resultados: 86,3% dos participantes são do sexo feminino, média de idade de 34,5 anos e tempo de formação entre cinco e dez anos. A pontuação média final para a escala de Prática Baseada em Evidências e Efetividade foi de 115,9, indicando atitudes positivas dos enfermeiros relacionadas à Prática Baseada em Evidências.Conclusão: as atitudes dos enfermeiros são embasadas em resultados científicos, entretanto, nem sempre as melhores evidências são utilizadas no subsídio das práticas profissionais. Difundir o uso adequado da pesquisa na Enfermagem contribui para a segurança do paciente, educação permanente e qualidade da assistência.