bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inorganic Mediator toward Organosulfide Active Material: Anchoring and Electrocatalysis
Authors: Fan Qianqian , Guo Wei , Si Yubing , Wang Xin , Wang Bo , Fu Yongzhu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganosulfides are promising high‐capacity cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. However, they are hindered by several key challenges including the electronic/ionic insulation and solubility issues of the discharged products. Herein, TiS2 nanosheets@carbon nanotubes (TiS2 NSs@MWCNT) are proposed as a promoter and booster toward phenyl tetrasulfide (PTS). It serves as a bifunctional mediator, not only anchoring active materials in the cathode through chemical adsorption but also facilitating the reaction kinetics. The Li‐organosulfide cell yields a reversible discharge capacity of 467.6 mAh g−1 and a high capacity retention of 81.9% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C rate. When the PTS areal mass loading is 5.8 mg cm−2 and the electrolyte/PTS ratio is 3.8 µL mg−1, a high specific capacity of 444 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C rate can still be achieved. The strong anchoring and electrocatalysis effects of TiS2 toward PhSLi and polysulfide are revealed using experimental and computational approaches. The study sheds light on metal sulfides as mediators to improve the cycling life of Li‐organosulfide batteries and provides deep comprehension of the instinct interaction evolution at molecular level, which is invaluable for fabrication of electrode materials.
Nanoengineered Light‐Activatable Polybubbles for On‐Demand Therapeutic Delivery
Authors: Arun Kumar Shreedevi , Good Jacob , Hendrix David , Yoo Eunsoo , Kim Dongin , Deo Kaivalya A. , Jhan Yong‐Yu , Gaharwar Akhilesh K. , Bishop Corey J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVaccine coverage is severely limited in developing countries due to inefficient protection of vaccine functionality as well as lack of patient compliance to receive the additional booster doses. Thus, there is an urgent need to design a thermostable vaccine delivery platform that also enables release of the bolus after predetermined time. Here, the formation of injectable and light‐activatable polybubbles for vaccine delivery is reported. In vitro studies show that polybubbles enable delayed burst release, irrespective of cargo types, namely small molecule and antigen. The extracorporeal activation of polybubbles is achieved by incorporating near‐infrared (NIR)‐sensitive gold nanorods (AuNRs). Interestingly, light‐activatable polybubbles can be used for on‐demand burst release of cargo. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies demonstrate successful activation of AuNR‐loaded polybubbles. Overall, the light‐activatable polybubble technology can be used for on‐demand delivery of various therapeutics including small molecule drugs, immunologically relevant protein, peptide antigens, and nucleic acids.
Robust Fabrication of Hybrid Lead‐Free Perovskite Pellets for Stable X‐ray Detectors with Low Detection Limit
Authors: Tie Shujie , Zhao Wei , Xin Deyu , Zhang Min , Long Jidong , Chen Qi , Zheng Xiaojia , Zhu Jianguo , Zhang Wen‐Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractX‐ray detectors are widely utilized in medical diagnostics and nondestructive product inspection. Halide perovskites are recently demonstrated as excellent candidates for direct X‐ray detection. However, it is still challenging to obtain high quality perovskites with millimeter‐thick over a large area for high performance, stable X‐ray detectors. Here, methylammonium bismuth iodide (MA3Bi2I9) polycrystalline pellets (PPs) are developed by a robust, cost effective, and scalable cold isostatic‐pressing for fabricating X‐ray detectors with low limit of detection (LoD) and superior operational stability. The MA3Bi2I9‐PPs possess a high resistivity of 2.28 × 1011 Ω cm and low dark carrier concentration of ≈107 cm−3, and balanced mobility of ≈2 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and holes. These merits enable a sensitivity of 563 μC Gyair−1 cm−2, a detection efficiency of 28.8%, and an LoD of 9.3 nGyair s−1 for MA3Bi2I9‐PPs detectors, and the LoD is much lower than the dose rate required for X‐ray diagnostics used currently (5.5 μGyair s−1). In addition, the MA3Bi2I9‐PPs detectors work stably under high working bias field up to 2000 V cm−1 after sensing an integrated dose >320 Gyair with continuous X‐ray radiation, demonstrating its competitive advantage in practical application. These findings provide an approach to explore a new generation of low LoD, stable and green X‐ray detectors based on MA3Bi2I9‐PPs.
Metal Atom‐Doped Co3O4 Hierarchical Nanoplates for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Song Lin , Guan Bu Yuan , Lu Xue Feng , Xi Shibo , Du Yonghua , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrocatalysts based on hierarchically structured and heteroatom‐doped non‐noble metal oxide materials are of great importance for efficient and low‐cost electrochemical water splitting systems. Herein, the synthesis of a series of hierarchical hollow nanoplates (NPs) composed of ultrathin Co3O4 nanosheets doped with 13 different metal atoms is reported. The synthesis involves a cooperative etching−coordination−reorganization approach starting from zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) NPs. First, metal atom decorated ZIF‐67 NPs with unique cross‐channels are formed through a Lewis acid etching and metal species coordination process. Afterward, the composite NPs are converted to hollow Co3O4 hierarchical NPs composed of ultrathin nanosheets through a solvothermal reaction, during which the guest metal species is doped into the octahedral sites of Co3O4. Density functional theory calculations suggest that doping of small amount of Fe atoms near the surface of Co3O4 can greatly enhance the electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Benefiting from the structural and compositional advantages, the obtained Fe‐doped Co3O4 hierarchical NPs manifest superior electrocatalytic performance for OER with an overpotential of 262 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 43 mV dec−1, and excellent stability even at a high current density of 100 mA cm−2 for 50 h.
Perovskite Granular Wire Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Photodetectivity
Authors: Lee Yoon Ho , Song Inho , Kim Su Hwan , Park Ju Hyun , Park Sung O , Lee Jeong Hun , Won Yousang , Cho Kilwon , Kwak Sang Kyu , Oh Joon Hak 
Published: June 2020

AbstractControl over the morphology and crystallinity of metal halide perovskite materials is of key importance to enable high‐performance optoelectronics. Here, a simple yet effective template‐free self‐assembly synthesis of perovskite granular wires with ultrahigh photodetectivity (3.17 × 1015 Jones) is reported. The 1D self‐assembly of perovskite grains is driven by differences in the surface interaction energies of the granular facets. The superb photodetecting performance originates from extremely low dark current engendered by energetic barriers featuring unique band‐edge modulation along the long axis of wire. Flexible photodetector arrays, fabricated by selectively placing perovskite granular wires onto pre‐patterned electrode arrays on a transparent polymer substrate, show independently addressable photonic signal mapping with remarkably high detectivity, photoconductive gain, and responsivity. The “self‐assembled nanograin engineering” strategy developed in this study provides a viable method for the development of high‐performance perovskite photodetectors and can be extended to other integrated optoelectronic systems.
Tunable Color Temperatures and Emission Enhancement in 1D Halide Perovskites under High Pressure
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Li Fangfang , Sui Laizhi , Shi Yue , Fu Ruijing , Yuan Kaijun , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDesigning low‐dimensional halide perovskites (LDHPs) for broadband emissions with enhanced emission and preferred chromaticity coordinator or color temperature remains a pressing challenge. Herein, a comprehensive study is conducted about the relationship between the crystal structure and broadband emission properties of 1D halide perovskite C4N2H14PbBr4, one of promising white‐emission LDHPs. It is found that the zigzag distortion degree tuned by pressure not only suppresses the general photoluminescence quenching, but also effectively adjusts the chromaticity coordinator and color temperature of C4N2H14PbBr4 nanocrystals (NCs). The initially broad white emissive C4N2H14PbBr4 NCs can be continuously modulated to a very bright bluish‐white emission with high color‐rendering index of 86, accompanied by a significant emission enhancement. The underlying mechanism of thus pressure‐induced emission enhancement (PIEE) can be attributed to the strengthening of electron–phonon interactions of compressed C4N2H14PbBr4 NCs. Furthermore, the zigzag distortion of [PbBr42−]∞ octahedral chains is able to rearrange the depths of multiple self‐trapped states, which is also corroborated by the wavelength‐dependent decay times under pressure, ultimately giving rise to adjustable emission chromaticity. This study offers a deep insight into the relationship between PIEE and distortion degree of LDHPs at extremes and facilitates the design of new materials with the desired emission properties.
Design and Synthesis of a [2.2]Paracyclophane‐based Planar Chiral Dirhodium Catalyst and its Applications in Cyclopropanation Reaction of Vinylarenes with α‐Methyl‐α‐Diazo Esters
Authors: Zippel Christoph , Hassan Zahid , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA planar chiral dirhodium paddlewheel complex Rh2(Sp−PCP)4 based on the [2.2]paracyclophane has been synthesized for the challenging cyclopropanation of venylarene derivatives with tert‐butyl α‐diazo propionates. The homobimetallic rhodium catalyst relies on the high steric demand and rigidity of [2.2]paracyclophane that favors the cyclopropanation of 1‐aryl substituted, 1,1‐disubstituted and benzannulated alkenes over β‐hydride migration at room temperature with high diastereoselectivity.magnified image
Irrigated soybean response to granular fertilizer potassium application timing
Authors: Slaton Nathan A. , Roberts Trenton L. , Ross W. Jeremy , Richmond Tyler L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmelioration of K deficiency during the growing season requires knowledge of critical tissue concentrations and crop yield response to fertilization time. Our objectives were to characterize the yield and uptake responses of K‐deficient irrigated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to in‐season fertilizer‐K application time and rate, evaluate fertilizer‐potassium‐recovery efficiency (FKRE), and evaluate how leaflet‐K concentration responds to K‐fertilization time. Six trials were established on silt loam soils. Muriate of potash was applied pre‐plant and compared to an equivalent K rate applied post‐emergence on six or seven dates. Grain yield, trifoliolate‐K concentration, and K uptake were measured. Relative soybean yields were regressed across days after planting (DAP) for two situations of K‐responsive soybean: season‐long K‐deficiency symptoms or few symptoms (hidden hunger). The maximum yield increases from K fertilization ranged from 524 to 1948 kg ha−1 among trials producing relative yields that were 59−90% of the maximum yield produced with the greatest pre‐plant‐applied K rate. A linear‐plateau model showed maximal yields of soybean with hidden hunger could be produced with in‐season fertilizer K applied as late as 83 DAP or 44 d after R1 stage (DAR1). For soybean experiencing season‐long K deficiency, K fertilization from pre‐plant until 60 DAP or about 20 DAR1 produced similar relative yields. The FKRE of pre‐plant‐applied fertilizer K ranged from 36 to 75% among trials. Regardless of the severity of K deficiency, fertilizer K applied post‐emergence into the R2 development stage was taken up efficiently and produced similar yields as equal pre‐plant‐applied K rates.
Absence of Subcerebral Projection Neurons Is Beneficial in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Burg Thibaut , Bichara Charlotte , Scekic‐Zahirovic Jelena , Fischer Mathieu , Stuart‐Lopez Geoffrey , Brunet Aurore , Lefebvre François , Cordero‐Erausquin Matilde , Rouaux Caroline 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveRecent studies carried out on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients suggest that the disease might initiate in the motor cortex and spread to its targets along the corticofugal tracts. In this study, we aimed to test the corticofugal hypothesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis experimentally.MethodsSod1G86R and Fezf2 knockout mouse lines were crossed to generate a model that expresses a mutant of the murine Sod1 gene ubiquitously, a condition sufficient to induce progressive motor symptoms and premature death, but genetically lacks corticospinal neurons and other subcerebral projection neurons, one of the main populations of corticofugal neurons. Disease onset and survival were recorded, and weight and motor behavior were followed longitudinally. Hyper‐reflexia and spasticity were monitored using electromyographic recordings. Neurodegeneration and gliosis were assessed by histological techniques.ResultsAbsence of subcerebral projection neurons delayed disease onset, reduced weight loss and motor impairment, and increased survival without modifying disease duration. Absence of corticospinal neurons also limited presymptomatic hyper‐reflexia, a typical component of the upper motoneuron syndrome.InterpretationMajor corticofugal tracts are crucial to the onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the context of the disease, subcerebral projection neurons might carry detrimental signals to their downstream targets. In its entirety, this study provides the first experimental arguments in favor of the corticofugal hypothesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:688–702
The crystallization and rheological behaviors of in situ microfibrillar isotactic polypropylene/polyamide 66 composites with a selective β‐nucleating agent distribution
Authors: Luo Shanshan , Sun Jing , Huang Anrong , Li Juan , Gao Chengtao , Luo Heng , Wei Liangqiang , Qin Shuhao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn situ microfibrillar composites (MFCs) with isotactic polypropylene (iPP) as matrix and β‐nucleating agents filled polyamide 66 (β‐PA66) as dispersed microfibrils were fabricated through multistage stretching extrusion technology. The simultaneous effects of β‐nucleating agents, shear‐flow and microfibrils on the crystallization and rheological behaviors of iPP were explored. Crystallization analysis demonstrated that the counteraction of shear flow and β‐nucleating agents resulted in the absence of β‐crystal in the as‐extruded MFCs. When the MFCs were annealed at 210°C for 10 min, the flow field was erased accompanied with the migration of β‐nucleating agents from PA66 phase to surface, which in turn inducing the formation of β crystal in the recrystallized samples. Shear rheological investigations suggested that the β‐NAs at interface mechanically integrated the PA66 and iPP phase thus improving the interfacial adhesion. These findings provided a potential way to solve the interfacial problems of MFCs.
Negative dielectric permittivity of PVDF nanocomposites induced by carbon nanofibers and polymer crystallization
Authors: Sun Lili , Wu Nan , Peng Rui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNegative permittivity is a key characteristic of the distinctive metamaterials, a novel class of artificial materials with particular electromagnetic properties. Negative permittivity has been realized in metallic structures with special designs, but rarely achieved in polymer nanocomposites. Our recent studies discover that negative permittivity can be attained from randomly distributed carbon nanofiber (CNF) filled poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites over a wide frequency range, and the negative permittivity values are strongly influenced by CNF and PVDF crystalline structures. The effects of CNF on the crystallization of PVDF, and the resultant negative dielectric permittivity of CNF/PVDF composites influenced by crystallization of PVDF and CNF, are investigated. It is revealed that the introduction of CNF not only affects the dielectric permittivity directly, but also causes indirect effects to the dielectric permittivity through influencing the crystallization of PVDF. In particular, due to addition of more CNF, a α‐ to β‐phase transformation in PVDF is found to affect permittivity of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the permittivity of CNF/PVDF composites are increased considerably (“more negative”) with more CNF, and is affected noticeably by crystalline structures of PVDF. The lowest negative permittivity achieved is −2,500 for the nanocomposite with 5 wt% CNF at 5 kHz.
Artificial intelligence and the world of work, a co‐constitutive relationship
Authors: Østerlund Carsten , Jarrahi Mohammad Hossein , Willis Matthew , Boyd Karen , T. Wolf Christine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of intelligent machines—digital technologies that feature data‐driven forms of customization, learning, and autonomous action—is rapidly growing and will continue to impact many industries and domains. This is consequential for communities of researchers, educators, and practitioners concerned with studying, supporting, and educating information professionals. In the face of new developments in artificial intelligence (AI), the research community faces 3 questions: (a) How is AI becoming part of the world of work? (b) How is the world of work becoming part of AI? and (c) How can the information community help address this topic of Work in the Age of Intelligent Machines (WAIM)? This opinion piece considers these 3 questions by drawing on discussion from an engaging 2019 iConference workshop organized by the NSF supported WAIM research coordination network (note: https://waim.network).
Modulating the Properties of Azulene‐containing Polymers Through Functionalization at the 2‐Position of Azulene
Authors: Mao Png Zhuang , Xu Jianwei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPoly(2‐arylazulene‐alt‐fluorene) and poly(2‐arylazulene‐alt‐thiophene) are synthesized via Suzuki and Stille cross‐coupling polymerization, respectively, using 1,3‐dibromo‐2‐arylazulenes as monomers, which are prepared by a novel directed C−H activation method of 2‐carboxylic azulene and subsequent bromination reaction. Our study shows that functionalization at the 2‐position of azulene monomers influences polymer properties. For instance, different from electron‐withdrawing groups that discourage the protonation of azulene, electron‐donating aryl groups, however, enhances the sensitivity of response to acid. Protonation of the polymers leads to significant shifts in absorption spectra accompanying with obvious color changes from green to brown in majority cases because of the formation of poly(azulenium cation). The electrochromic properties of polymers are examined, exhibiting that nature of aryl group at the 2‐position of azulene influences the stability of their electrochromic devices.
Stratified two‐sample design: A review on nonparametric methods
Authors: Carrozzo Eleonora , Arboretti Rosa , Ceccato Riccardo , Salmaso Luigi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, a comparison between the most promising nonparametric tests in a two‐sample stratified design for practical uses is performed. We compared methods that exhibit good small‐sample properties in order to be used with the most common stratum sizes. From the literature we identified as promising the following solutions: the aligned rank test, a small‐sample approximation for the ANOVA‐type statistic based on an unweighted average of all the distributions, and an asymptotic permutation distribution for the Wald‐type statistic. We also developed a permutation version of the aligned rank test and another permutation testing procedure based on the Mann‐Whitney statistic using the nonparametric combination procedure. All selected methods were compared by means of a simulation study. The results show that the aligned rank test and its permutation version perform better in most of the considered situations. Data from a genuine industrial problem were used for illustration purposes and to confirm the simulation results.
INSAR Special Interest Group Report: Stakeholder Perspectives on Priorities for Future Research on Autism, Sexuality, and Intimate Relationships
Authors: Dewinter Jeroen , van der Miesen Anna I. R. , Holmes Laura Graham 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe number of empirical studies on sexuality and intimate relationships in autistic people has grown over the last years with the increasing awareness that sexuality and intimate relationships are an important part of life and well‐being for autistic people. Further, expression and enjoyment of sexuality is a fundamental, basic human right. This paper reports on needs for future research in this area based on the input of autistic adults, researchers, and other stakeholders (e.g., parents and professionals). Utilizing the nominal group technique, 65 individuals participated in eight groups in which they brainstormed on research questions they deemed most important. Responses were categorized into themes and ranked according to importance based on the level of priority attributed by participants. Findings suggest that future research should focus on developing ways to support sexual and relationship well‐being and getting a better understanding of sexuality and relationships in autistic people. Also, attention was drawn to the need for studying the influence of stereotypical societal views, and stigma. Finally, the importance of participatory research to include perspectives of autistic people in research and practice was stressed.Lay SummarySexuality and romantic relationships are part of daily life for most people, including autistic people. For this study, groups of autistic people, professionals, and autism researchers discussed which research on autism, sexuality, and relationships is needed and can help autistic adolescents and adults. The group discussions revealed that more research is needed on how to support well‐being relating to romantic relationships and sexuality in autistic people and how the people around them can contribute to this. Therefore, we also need to learn more about how autistic people of all ages and throughout their lives experience sexuality and relationships. Finally, the need for attention to the role of stereotypical ideas and stigma about autism, sexuality, and relationships was pointed out. Attention to the experiences of autistic people can help professionals, researchers, and policy makers to offer and organize attuned support and do relevant research. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1248–1257. © 2020 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
First Workshop on Metals in Medicine (2019): Translational Research in Medicinal Bioinorganic Chemistry
Authors: Notaro Anna , Gasser Gilles 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOn the 14–15th November 2019, the first workshop on Metals in Medicine took place in Paris at Chimie ParisTech, PSL University. Organised with the aim of having invited speakers share their experience in bringing metal‐based drugs to (pre‐)clinical trials, this event gathered 135 attendees from six continents to Paris. A special collection on this event has now been published in ChemBioChem, combining more than 20 articles on different topics related to metals in medicine.