bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of three‐dimensional visualisation on performance in endoscopic sinus surgery: A clinical training study using surgical navigation for movement analysis in a randomised crossover design
Authors: ten Dam Ellen , Helder Herman M. , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Feijen Robert A. , Korsten‐Meijer Astrid G. W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesEndoscopic imaging techniques and endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) expertise have evolved rapidly. Only few studies have assessed the effect of three‐dimensional (3D) endoscopy on endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The present study aimed to objectively and subjectively assess the additional value of 3D high‐definition (HD) endoscopy in ESS.DesignA randomized crossover study of endoscopic surgery performance, using five ESS tasks of varying complexity, performed on Thiel embalmed human specimens.SettingSimulated surgical environment.ParticipantsThirty participants, inexperienced in ESS.Main outcome measuresPerformance was assessed using video imaging, surgical navigation and questionnaires. Main outcome measures were as follows: efficiency (defined by time to task completion), distance covered inside the nose, average velocity towards target, accuracy (measured by error rate), and subjective assessment of endoscope characteristics.ResultsDuring ESS tasks, both efficiency and accuracy did not differ significantly between 2D HD and 3D HD endoscopy. Subjectively, imaging characteristics of the 3D HD endoscope were rated significantly better.ConclusionsESS performance of inexperienced participants was not significantly improved by the use of 3D HD endoscopy during ESS tasks, although imaging characteristics of the 3D HD endoscope were rated significantly better. Surgical field characteristics and surgical techniques are likely to influence any additional value of 3D HD endoscopy.
Evaluating the distribution of freshwater fish diversity using a multispecies habitat suitability model to assess impacts of proposed dam development in Gabon, Africa
Authors: Cutler Joseph S. , Olivos Juan Andrés , Sidlauskas Brian , Arismendi Ivan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractData scarcity impedes a comprehensive impact assessment of the 38 dams currently proposed within the highly biodiverse central African nation of Gabon. Here, we present a multiple‐species MaxEnt distribution modeling approach to assess species richness for freshwater fishes at the landscape level and demonstrate its utility in identifying proposed dam sites in Gabon that fall in highly diverse areas. We modeled habitat suitability for 202 of Gabon's fresh and brackish water fish species based on georeferenced presence data from museum specimens and a set of ecologically meaningful environmental conditions. We removed poor performing species from the model and compiled the distributions of 114 well‐performing species to generate a new metric, the species pseudorichness index (pR), defined as the cumulative number of species that are highly suited to the habitat in a given segment of river. We used pR as a proxy for true species richness and use this metric to evaluate the distribution of freshwater fish diversity relative to the proposed dam development in Gabon. We found that more than 80% of the proposed dams in Gabon overlap with areas of high pR, implying that planned hydroelectric development in Gabon may disproportionately affect high diversity areas. These dams deserve more focused baseline assessments and conservation action. This approach provides a rapid way to initiate a landscape‐scale assessment of freshwater fish diversity to inform conservation decisions in areas that are species rich, but data poor.
Factors influencing transfusion‐associated HLA sensitization in patients bridged to heart transplantation using ventricular assist device
Authors: Elkind Jae , Sobczyk Juliana , Ostberg‐Braun Oscar , Silva Enciso Jorge , Adler Eric , Morris Gerald P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundBridging heart failure patients with mechanical ventricular assist devices (VAD) enables access to transplantation. However, VAD is associated with increased risk for anti‐HLA antibodies associated with rejection of subsequent allografts. Factors determining alloantibody formation in these patients remain undefined.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective cohort study of 164 patients undergoing heart transplantation from 2014 to 2017. Medical records including use of VAD, transfused blood products, anti‐HLA antibody testing, crossmatch, and time to transplant were evaluated.ResultsPatients received an average of 13.8 red blood cell and 1.9 single‐donor platelet units associated with VAD. There was a 28.7% increase in the incidence of anti‐HLA antibodies after VAD. Development of anti‐HLA antibodies did not correlate with volume or type of blood products, but with pre‐VAD HLA sensitization status; relative risk of new alloantibodies in patients with pre‐VAD antibodies was 3.5‐fold higher than those without prior antibodies (P = .008). Development of new anti‐HLA antibodies was associated with an increased time to transplant (169 vs 330 days, P = .013).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the presence of anti‐HLA antibodies pre‐VAD was the most significant risk factor for developing additional antibodies post‐VAD, suggesting that a subset of patients may be predisposed to alloantibody formation.
Diagnoses of hospitalized patients with skin abnormalities prompting biopsy by consulting dermatologists: A 3‐year review from a tertiary care center
Authors: Ellis Ariana , Billings Steven D. , Khanna Urmi , Warren Christine B. , Piliang Melissa , Vij Alok , Ko Jennifer S. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Fernandez Anthony P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDermatologists play an important role in diagnosing and managing hospitalized patients with cutaneous abnormalities. Skin biopsies remain an indispensable tool for aiding dermatologists in accurate diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to determine the range of conditions, and the most common conditions, prompting skin biopsy by dermatology hospital consultation (HCON) services to aid in evaluation of hospitalized patients.MethodsAll hospitalized patients seen by a single tertiary care center dermatology HCON service between 2015 and 2018 who had associated skin biopsies were identified. Histologic features and clinical diagnoses of each patient were classified into 13 histologic reaction pattern categories.ResultsEight hundred and thirty one inpatients evaluated by our dermatology HCON service had 914 skin biopsies. The most frequent diagnostic categories prompting biopsy were vasculopathic (17.6%), interface dermatitis (16.5%), infectious (12.6%), and spongiotic dermatitis (10.9%). The most frequent diagnostic categories included drug reaction (13.2%), leukocytoclastic vasculitis (8.5%), skin cancer (5.4%), graft‐vs‐host disease (3.5%), connective tissue disease (3.3%), and calciphylaxis (3.0%).ConclusionOur study suggests a variety of serious diseases affecting inpatients prompts biopsy by dermatology consultation services. Educational curricula for dermatology and pathology residents, fellows, and staff designed with these data may enhance knowledge that improves the quality of inpatient dermatology care.
Parental Efficacy Moderates the Association Between Empathy and Burden Among Parents of Children Admitted to a Psychiatric Ward
Authors: Ben‐Pazi Ayala , Goldzweig Gil , Pijnenborg Gerdina Hendrika Maria , Roe David , Hasson‐Ohayon Ilanit 
Published: December 2019

Empathy is considered a positive aspect of caregiving, although in certain circumstances, being empathic might increase the burden of caregivers. The current study assessed the associations between empathy, parental efficacy, and family burden among parents of children who were hospitalized in a psychiatric unit. Specifically, we examined whether the association between empathy and family burden was moderated by the parents’ sense of self‐efficacy. Seventy parents of children with psychiatric disorders, hospitalized in an inpatient psychiatric unit, filled out questionnaires of empathy, parental efficacy, and family burden. Results supported a moderating role of parental efficacy between empathy and family burden (interaction effect: β = −1.72, p = .0406). Specifically, empathy was positively related to family burden among parents with low self‐efficacy (conditional effect = 0.70, p = .032) and negatively related to family burden among parents with high self‐efficacy (conditional effect = −0.39, p = N.S). Implications for practice include the importance of self‐efficacy and address the possible negative implications of empathy among parents of children treated in a psychiatric hospital.
Imaging spectroscopy reveals the effects of topography and logging on the leaf chemistry of tropical forest canopy trees
Authors: Swinfield Tom , Both Sabine , Riutta Terhi , Bongalov Boris , Elias Dafydd , Majalap‐Lee Noreen , Ostle Nicholas , Svátek Martin , Kvasnica Jakub , Milodowski David , Jucker Tommaso , Ewers Robert M. , Zhang Yi , Johnson David , Teh Yit Arn , Burslem David F. R. P. , Malhi Yadvinder , Coomes David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLogging, pervasive across the lowland tropics, affects millions of hectares of forest, yet its influence on nutrient cycling remains poorly understood. One hypothesis is that logging influences phosphorus (P) cycling, because this scarce nutrient is removed in extracted timber and eroded soil, leading to shifts in ecosystem functioning and community composition. However, testing this is challenging because P varies within landscapes as a function of geology, topography and climate. Superimposed upon these trends are compositional changes in logged forests, with species with more acquisitive traits, characterized by higher foliar P concentrations, more dominant. It is difficult to resolve these patterns using traditional field approaches alone. Here, we use airborne light detection and ranging‐guided hyperspectral imagery to map foliar nutrient (i.e. P, nitrogen [N]) concentrations, calibrated using field measured traits, over 400 km2 of northeastern Borneo, including a landscape‐level disturbance gradient spanning old‐growth to repeatedly logged forests. The maps reveal that canopy foliar P and N concentrations decrease with elevation. These relationships were not identified using traditional field measurements of leaf and soil nutrients. After controlling for topography, canopy foliar nutrient concentrations were lower in logged forest than in old‐growth areas, reflecting decreased nutrient availability. However, foliar nutrient concentrations and specific leaf area were greatest in relatively short patches in logged areas, reflecting a shift in composition to pioneer species with acquisitive traits. N:P ratio increased in logged forest, suggesting reduced soil P availability through disturbance. Through the first landscape scale assessment of how functional leaf traits change in response to logging, we find that differences from old‐growth forest become more pronounced as logged forests increase in stature over time, suggesting exacerbated phosphorus limitation as forests recover.
Alternative pathways to diversity across ecologically distinct lizard radiations
Authors: Skeels Alexander , Esquerré Damien , Cardillo Marcel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimLizard assemblages vary greatly in taxonomic, ecological and phenotypic diversity, yet the mechanisms that generate and maintain these patterns at a macroecological scale are not well understood. We aimed to characterize the ecological and environmental drivers of species richness patterns in the context of macroecological theory for 10 independent lizard radiations.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent day.Major taxaLizards.MethodsWe analysed patterns of species and functional trait diversity in 10 ecologically distinct and widely distributed clades encompassing nearly all known lizard species. Using recently published spatial, phylogenetic, and functional trait datasets, we built spatially explicit structural equation models to ask whether species richness was directly or indirectly related to functional divergence or convergence within communities, and with features of the environment, including measures of productivity, complexity and harshness.ResultsOur results show that high species richness is achieved via different pathways in different lizard clades, with both functionally divergent and convergent assemblages harbouring high diversity in different clades. More generally, we also find common, positive effects of temperature, productivity and topography on species richness within lizard clades.Main conclusionsThermal constraints, topographic complexity and spatial structuring of functional diversity help explain the presence of highly diverse lizard assemblages, suggesting the importance of environmental filters in shaping present‐day diversity and assemblage structure. Our results show how different pathways to high richness in different clades have contributed to the overall global pattern of species richness in reptiles.
Groundwater Origin in Qanats, Chemo‐Isotopic, and Hydrogeological Evidence
Authors: Moghadam Hojat Mirani , Bagheri Rahim , Karami Gholam Hossein , Jafari Hadi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA systematic study of the chemo‐isotopic characteristics and origin of the groundwater was carried out at six major qanats in the hyper‐arid Gonabad area, eastern Iran. These qanats as a sustainable groundwater extraction technology have a long history, supporting human life for more than a thousand years in this region. The Gonabad qanats are characterized by outlet electrical conductivity (EC) values of 750 to 3900 µS/cm and HCO3‐Na‐Mg and Cl‐Na water types. The Gonabad meteoric water line (GnMWL) was drawn at the local scale as δ2H = 6.32×δ18O + 8.35 (with R2 = 0.90). It has a lower slope and intercept than the global meteoric water line due to different water vapor sources and isotope kinetic fractionation effects during precipitation in this arid region. The altitude effects on isotopic content of precipitation data were derived as δ18O = (−0.0031 × H(m.a.s.l))−1.3). The δ2H and δ18O isotopes signatures demonstrate a meteoric origin of the groundwater of these qanats. The shift of the qanat's water samples from the local meteoric water line (LMWL) in a dry period with higher temperatures is most probably due to evaporation during the infiltration process and water movement in qanat gallery. Based on the isotopic results and mass balance calculations, the qanats are locally recharged from an area between 2000 to 2400 m.a.s.l of nearby carbonate formations and coarse alluvial sediments. The dissolution of evaporate interlayers in Neogene deposits deteriorates the groundwater quality, especially in Baidokht qanat.
Understanding militarism after the end of the Cold War: History, international relations, and media studies ask new questions
Authors: Dunnage Jonathan , Jackson Susan T. , Miakinkov Eugene , Sheehan Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince the end of the Cold War, the study of militarism and militarization has been eclipsed by other, newer, concepts especially in the fields of history, international relations, and media studies. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, militarization has taken a back seat in discussions and questions concerning new types of conflicts, security, and actors that began to emerge in the 1990s. In this article, we document the work that has continued on the subject of militarism in various fields, explore the relevance of militarism as a concept in post‐Cold War literature, and address what questions the field of militarism is equipped to answer.
Immunophenotypic quantification of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization in radicular cysts of primary and permanent teeth
Authors: Bertasso A. S. , Léon J. E. , Silva R. A. B. , Silva L. A. B. , de Queiroz A. M. , Pucinelli C. M. , Romualdo P. C. , Nelson‐Filho P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo quantify M1 and M2 macrophages in radicular cysts of permanent (n = 14 cases) and primary teeth (n = 15 cases).MethodologyAll patients who attended the School of Dentistry Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo with primary teeth or permanent molars that were scheduled for extraction and fulfilled the inclusion criteria: absence of pain; presence/absence of fistulae; extensive coronal destruction due to caries lesions without possibility of restoration; pulp necrosis; radiographically visible apical periodontitis; and no previous treatment, were selected. The radicular cysts were removed and subsequently submitted to histopathologic analysis in order to classify the type of inflammatory infiltrate. In addition, CD68 (M1+, M2+) and CD163 (M1−, M2+) markers were quantified through an immunohistochemistry analysis. The data acquired were submitted to a Mann–Whitney test, with a 5% significance level.ResultsThe patients had a mean age of 38.6 years and 5.9 years for cysts associated with permanent and primary teeth, respectively. In the histopathological analysis, no significant difference (P = 0.87) was found between radicular cysts in primary and permanent teeth regarding the intensity of the chronic inflammatory infiltrate. A significantly greater prevalence of M2 macrophages (P < 0.05) was observed in the lesions of both permanent and primary teeth, even though both M1 and M2 macrophages were detected. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found for M1 and M2 macrophages associated with the cysts of primary and permanent teeth.ConclusionM1 and M2 macrophages were present in radicular cysts associated with primary and permanent teeth, with a greater quantity of M2 cells. The immunophenotypic quantification of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization in radicular cysts associated with primary and permanent teeth were similar.
Autoantibodies and B Cells: The ABC of rheumatoid arthritis pathophysiology
Authors: Volkov Mikhail , van Schie Karin Anna , van der Woude Diane 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation. In the last few decades, new insights into RA‐specific autoantibodies and B cells have greatly expanded our understanding of the disease. The best‐known autoantibodies in RA—rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti‐citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)—are present long before disease onset, and both responses show signs of maturation around the time of the first manifestation of arthritis. A very intriguing characteristic of ACPA is their remarkably high abundance of variable domain glycans. Since these glycans may convey an important selection advantage of citrulline‐reactive B cells, they may be the key to understanding the evolution of the autoimmune response. Recently discovered autoantibodies targeting other posttranslational modifications, such as anti‐carbamylated and anti‐acetylated protein antibodies, appear to be closely related to ACPA, which makes it possible to unite them under the term of anti‐modified protein antibodies (AMPA). Despite the many insights gained about these autoantibodies, it is unclear whether they are pathogenic or play a causal role in disease development. Autoreactive B cells from which the autoantibodies originate have also received attention as perhaps more likely disease culprits. The development of autoreactive B cells in RA largely depends on the interaction with T cells in which HLA “shared epitope” and HLA DERAA may play an important role. Recent technological advances made it possible to identify and characterize citrulline‐reactive B cells and acquire ACPA monoclonal antibodies, which are providing valuable insights and help to understand the nature of the autoimmune response underlying RA. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about the role of autoantibodies and autoreactive B cells in RA and we discuss the most prominent hypotheses aiming to explain the origins and the evolution of autoimmunity in RA.
Semiconductor‐conductor transition of pristine polymer‐derived ceramics SiC pyrolyzed at temperature range from 1200°C to 1800°C
Authors: Chowdhury Md Atiqur Rahman , Wang Kewei , Jia Yujun , Xu Chengying 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the semiconductor‐conductor transition of pristine polymer‐derived ceramic silicon carbide (PDC SiC). A comprehensive study of microstructural evolution and conduction mechanism of PDC SiC pyrolyzed at the temperature range of 1200°C‐1800°C is presented. At relatively lower pyrolysis temperatures (1200°C‐1600°C), the carbon phase goes through a microstructural evolution from amorphous carbon to nanocrystalline carbon. The PDC SiC samples behave as a semiconductor and the electron transport is governed by the band tail hopping (BTH) mechanism in low pyrolysis temperature (1300°C); by a mixed mechanism driven by band tail hopping and tunneling at intermediate temperature (1500°C). At higher pyrolysis temperatures (1700°C‐1800°C), a percolative network of continuous turbostratic carbon is formed up along the grain boundary of the crystallized SiC. The samples demonstrate metal‐like conductive response and their resistivity increases monotonically with the increasing measuring temperature.
Exploring protective decision‐making in the context of impact‐based flood warnings
Authors: Meléndez‐Landaverde Erika R. , Werner Micha , Verkade Jan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrevious research has found that users fail to comprehend flood hazard warning messages as well as the possible impacts of the forecast events. A proposed way to improve understanding and uptake is the implementation of impact‐based warning services. However, even though extensive qualitative research has been done on the provision of these impact‐based warnings (IBWs) for different types of hazards and extreme events, there is still little scientific evidence that the additional information on impacts in flood warnings positively affects decisions made by the general public. The research reported here explores whether including messages of potential impacts increased the general public's likelihood of making a protective decision when provided with a flood warning. Nine hypothetical flood scenarios were presented to participants who were then asked to score their likelihood of making a specific protective decision. Participants were either presented IBWs or hazard flood warnings (HWs). Results show that IBWs indeed led to higher likelihoods of participants making a protective decision than HWs. Interestingly, we found that key factors identified in previous studies as influential elements in the decision‐making process had little impact on their decision. These factors include gender and previous experience with flood warnings.