bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy With Prior Growth-Friendly Spinal Implants Have Better Results After Definite Spinal Fusion in Comparison to Untreated Patients
Authors: Hell Anna K , Braunschweig Lena , Tsaknakis Konstantinos , von Deimling Urs , Lüders Katja A , Hecker Marina , Lorenz Heiko M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Almost all children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) develop a scoliosis during childhood and adolescence. In the last decades, growth-friendly spinal implants have been established as an interim solution for these patients until definite spinal fusion can be performed. The effect of those implants on the final outcome has yet to be described.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of prior growth-friendly spinal surgical treatment on the outcome after spinal fusion in SMA children in comparison to untreated SMA patients through the prospective study.

METHODS
A total of 28 SMA patients with (n = 14) and without (n = 14) prior surgical treatment with growth-friendly implants were included. Average surgical treatment prior to definite spinal fusion was 4.9 yr. Scoliotic curve angle, pelvic obliquity, spinal length, kyphosis, and lordosis were evaluated for children with prior treatment and before and after dorsal spondylodesis for all children.

RESULTS
The curve angle before definite spinal fusion averaged at 104° for SMA patients without prior treatment and 71° for patients with prior treatment. Spondylodesis reduced the scoliotic curve to 50° and 33°, respectively, which equals a correction of 52% vs 54%. Pelvic obliquity could be improved by spinal fusion in all patients with better results in the pretreated group. Results for spinal length, kyphosis, and lordosis were similar in both groups.

CONCLUSION
These data show the positive effect of prior growth-friendly surgical treatment on radiographic results of spinal fusion in children with SMA. Both scoliotic curve angles and pelvic obliquity showed significantly better values when patients had growth-friendly implants before definite spinal fusion.
Frequency of Potential Drug–Drug Interactions in the Changing Field of HCV Therapy
Authors: Schulte Benjamin , Wübbolding Maximilian , Marra Fiona , Port Kerstin , Manns Michael P , Back David , Cornberg Markus , Stichtenoth Dirk O , Höner zu Siederdissen Christoph , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
With the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, drug–drug interactions (DDIs) emerged as significant challenge. Since then, HCV therapy and the infected population have rapidly changed. So far, very limited data are available regarding the clinical relevance of DDIs when using most modern DAA regimens. We aimed to assess how the importance of DDIs has evolved over time.

Methods
From January 2014 to July 2018, 668 consecutive HCV patients were evaluated for their outpatient medication and assessed for DDIs with DAAs. Different time periods were defined based on market approval of key DAAs: A (01/2014–11/2014), B (11/2014–08/2016), and C (08/2016–07/2018).

Results
The frequency of patients with real-world DDIs was highest in period B (A: 37.1%, B: 49.6%, C: 38.8%). The recently approved DAAs (period C) theoretically showed a lower DDI risk profile. However, real-world DDIs were still comparable to period A, as HCV patients’ characteristics changed (eg, age ≥75 years: A: 3.1%, B: 9.8%, C: 5.6%; polypharmacy/patients with ≥8 drugs: A: 11.1%, B: 15.2%, C: 17.2%). Furthermore, although DDIs via CYP 3A4 became less important for some modern regimens, other mechanisms like an altered pH value in the stomach, causing reduced bioavailability, evolved. Relevant DDIs most frequently occurred with proton pump inhibitors, metamizole, statins, and carvedilol.

Conclusions
DDIs during antiviral treatment still affect about 40% of HCV patients. The lower DDI potential of modern DAA regimens is partly counteracted by changing patient characteristics. Therefore, DDIs should not be underestimated.
Preexisting Opioid Use Disorder and Outcomes After Lower Extremity Arthroplasty: A Multistate Analysis, 2007–2014
Authors: Chen Stephanie A , White Robert S , Tangel Virginia , Gupta Soham , Stambough Jeffrey B , Gaber-Baylis Licia K , Weinberg Roniel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the association of preexisting opioid use disorder and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA, respectively) in the overall population and in the Medicare-only population.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study examined data from the State Inpatient Databases of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for the years 2007–2014 from California, Florida, New York, Maryland, and Kentucky. We compared patients with and without opioid use disorders on unadjusted rates and calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of in-hospital mortality, postoperative complications, length of stay, and 30-day and 90-day readmission status; analyses were repeated in a subgroup of Medicare insurance patients only.

Subjects
After applying our exclusion criteria, our study included 1,422,210 adult patients undergoing lower extremity arthroplasties, including 818,931 Medicare insurance patients. In our study, 0.4% of THA patients and 0.3% of TKA patients had present-on-admission opioid use disorder.

Results
Opioid use disorder patients were at higher risk for in-hospital mortality (aOR = 3.10), 30- and 90-day readmissions (aORs = 1.81, 1.81), and pulmonary and infectious complications (aORs = 1.25, 1.96).

Conclusions
Present-on-admission opioid use disorder was a risk factor for worse postoperative outcomes and increased health care utilization in the lower extremity arthroplasty population. Opioid use disorder is a potentially modifiable risk factor for mortality, postoperative complications, and health care utilization, especially in the at-risk Medicare population.
The New Ledoux: Survival Circuits and the Surplus Meaning of ‘Fear’
Authors: Majeed Raamy 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTLeDoux's pioneering work on the neurobiology of fear has played a crucial role in informing debates in the philosophy of emotion. For example, it plays a key part in Griffiths’ argument for why emotions don’t form a natural kind. Likewise, it is employed by Faucher and Tappolet to defend pro-emotion views, which claim that emotions aid reasoning. LeDoux, however, now argues that his work has been misread. He argues that using emotion terms, like ‘fear’, to describe neurocognitive data adds a ‘surplus meaning’: it attributes phenomenal properties to survival circuits which they don’t possess. This paper aims to explore LeDoux's new proposal, and examine the potentially devastating consequences that ensue for the aforementioned views. I end by addressing the worry that these lessons are conditional on LeDoux's own higher-order theory of emotional consciousness being true.
Management of Behcet’s syndrome
Authors: Karadag Omer , Bolek Ertugrul Cagri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBehcet’s syndrome (BS) is a variable vessel vasculitis with heterogeneous clinical features. Skin, mucosa and joint involvement can cause impairment of quality of life but do not cause permanent damage whereas untreated eye, vascular, nervous system and gastrointestinal system involvement can cause serious damage and even death. Management of BS as a multidisciplinary team enables a faster and more accurate diagnosis and well-integrated treatment strategies. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy. Colchicine, AZA, ciclosporin-A, cyclophosphamide, IFN alpha, and tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors are other agents used as induction and/or maintenance therapy. Although biologic agents have been increasingly used, there are still unmet needs. Head-to-head comparison studies of some therapeutic options (e.g. TNF inhibitors vs IFN alpha in uveitis) are required. Novel therapeutic agents in the pipeline could change the standard of care for BS in the future
Association between depression and anxiety with skin and musculoskeletal clinical phenotypes in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Eldeiry David , Zandy Moe , Tayer-Shifman Oshrat E , Kwan Andrew , Marzouk Sherief , Su Jiandong , Bingham Kathleen , Touma Zahi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To study the clinical phenotypes, determined based on cumulative disease activity manifestations, and sociodemographic factors associated with depression and anxiety in SLE.

Methods
Patients attending a single centre were assessed for depression and anxiety. SLE clinical phenotypes were based on the organ systems of cumulative 10-year SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), prior to visit. Multivariable logistic regression analyses for depression, anxiety, and coexisting anxiety and depression were performed to study associated SLE clinical phenotypes and other factors.

Results
Among 341 patients, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 34% and 27%, respectively, while 21% had coexisting anxiety and depression. Patients with skin involvement had significantly higher likelihood of anxiety compared with patients with no skin involvement [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.0]. Patients with skin involvement also had higher likelihood of having coexisting anxiety and depression (aOR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.9). Patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) (aOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.5) and skin system (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.2) involvement had higher likelihood of depression compared with patients without skin or musculoskeletal involvement. Employment status and fibromyalgia at the time of the visit, and inception status were significantly associated with anxiety, depression, and coexisting anxiety and depression, respectively.

Conclusion
SLE clinical phenotypes, specifically skin or MSK systems, along with fibromyalgia, employment and shorter disease duration were associated with anxiety or depression. Routine patient screening, especially among patients with shorter disease duration, for these associations may facilitate the diagnosis of these mental health disorders, and allow for more timely diagnosis.
Overlapping but Asymmetrical Relationships Between Schizophrenia and Autism Revealed by Brain Connectivity
Authors: Yoshihara Yujiro , Lisi Giuseppe , Yahata Noriaki , Fujino Junya , Matsumoto Yukiko , Miyata Jun , Sugihara Gen-ichi , Urayama Shin-ichi , Kubota Manabu , Yamashita Masahiro , Hashimoto Ryuichiro , Ichikawa Naho , Cahn Weipke , van Haren Neeltje E M , Mori Susumu , Okamoto Yasumasa , Kasai Kiyoto , Kato Nobumasa , Imamizu Hiroshi , Kahn René S , Sawa Akira , Kawato Mitsuo , Murai Toshiya , Morimoto Jun , Takahashi Hidehiko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Although the relationship between schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has long been debated, it has not yet been fully elucidated. The authors quantified and visualized the relationship between ASD and SSD using dual classifiers that discriminate patients from healthy controls (HCs) based on resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging. To develop a reliable SSD classifier, sophisticated machine-learning algorithms that automatically selected SSD-specific functional connections were applied to Japanese datasets from Kyoto University Hospital (N = 170) including patients with chronic-stage SSD. The generalizability of the SSD classifier was tested by 2 independent validation cohorts, and 1 cohort including first-episode schizophrenia. The specificity of the SSD classifier was tested by 2 Japanese cohorts of ASD and major depressive disorder. The weighted linear summation of the classifier’s functional connections constituted the biological dimensions representing neural classification certainty for the disorders. Our previously developed ASD classifier was used as ASD dimension. Distributions of individuals with SSD, ASD, and HCs s were examined on the SSD and ASD biological dimensions. We found that the SSD and ASD populations exhibited overlapping but asymmetrical patterns in the 2 biological dimensions. That is, the SSD population showed increased classification certainty for the ASD dimension but not vice versa. Furthermore, the 2 dimensions were correlated within the ASD population but not the SSD population. In conclusion, using the 2 biological dimensions based on resting-state functional connectivity enabled us to discover the quantified relationships between SSD and ASD.
Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disturbance in Remitted Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Meyer Nicholas , Faulkner Sophie M , McCutcheon Robert A , Pillinger Toby , Dijk Derk-Jan , MacCabe James H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances in schizophrenia are common, but incompletely characterized. We aimed to describe and compare the magnitude and heterogeneity of sleep-circadian alterations in remitted schizophrenia and compare them with those in interepisode bipolar disorder.

Methods
EMBASE, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched for case–control studies reporting actigraphic parameters in remitted schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Standardized and absolute mean differences between patients and controls were quantified using Hedges’ g, and patient–control differences in variability were quantified using the mean-scaled coefficient of variation ratio (CVR). A wald-type test compared effect sizes between disorders.

Results
Thirty studies reporting on 967 patients and 803 controls were included. Compared with controls, both schizophrenia and bipolar groups had significantly longer total sleep time (mean difference [minutes] [95% confidence interval {CI}] = 99.9 [66.8, 133.1] and 31.1 [19.3, 42.9], respectively), time in bed (mean difference = 77.8 [13.7, 142.0] and 50.3 [20.3, 80.3]), but also greater sleep latency (16.5 [6.1, 27.0] and 2.6 [0.5, 4.6]) and reduced motor activity (standardized mean difference [95% CI] = −0.86 [−1.22, −0.51] and −0.75 [−1.20, −0.29]). Effect sizes were significantly greater in schizophrenia compared with the bipolar disorder group for total sleep time, sleep latency, and wake after sleep onset. CVR was significantly elevated in both diagnoses for total sleep time, time in bed, and relative amplitude.

Conclusions
In both disorders, longer overall sleep duration, but also disturbed initiation, continuity, and reduced motor activity were found. Common, modifiable factors may be associated with these sleep-circadian phenotypes and advocate for further development of transdiagnostic interventions that target them.
Resting-state brain network topological properties and the correlation with neuropsychological assessment in adolescent narcolepsy
Authors: Fulong Xiao , Spruyt Karen , Chao Lu , Dianjiang Zhao , Jun Zhang , Fang Han 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
To evaluate functional connectivity and topological properties of brain networks, and to investigate the association between brain topological properties and neuropsychiatric behaviors in adolescent narcolepsy.

Methods
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neuropsychological assessment were applied in 26 adolescent narcolepsy patients and 30 healthy controls. fMRI data were analyzed in three ways: group independent component analysis and a graph theoretical method were applied to evaluate topological properties within the whole brain. Lastly, network-based statistics was utilized for group comparisons in region-to-region connectivity. The relationship between topological properties and neuropsychiatric behaviors was analyzed with correlation analyses.

Results
In addition to sleepiness, depressive symptoms and impulsivity were detected in adolescent narcolepsy. In adolescent narcolepsy, functional connectivity was decreased between regions of the limbic system and the default mode network (DMN), and increased in the visual network. Adolescent narcolepsy patients exhibited disrupted small-world network properties. Regional alterations in the caudate nucleus (CAU) and posterior cingulate gyrus were associated with subjective sleepiness and regional alterations in the CAU and inferior occipital gyrus were associated with impulsiveness. Remodeling within the salience network and the DMN was associated with sleepiness, depressive feelings, and impulsive behaviors in narcolepsy.

Conclusions
Alterations in brain connectivity and regional topological properties in narcoleptic adolescents were associated with their sleepiness, depressive feelings, and impulsive behaviors.
Expression of the Tas1r3 and Pept1 genes in the digestive tract of wagyu cattle
Authors: Fan Weihong , Saito Shoichiro , Matsumura Shuichi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Animals have precise recognition systems for amino acids and peptides that regulate their feeding behavior as well as metabolic responses. Because of their particular gastrointestinal structure, ruminants are expected to have unique mechanisms of amino acid regulation in the digestive tract. To better understand these mechanisms in the ruminant digestive tract, the expression of Tas1r3 and Pept1 was studied along the gastrointestinal tract of Japanese Black cattle through quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Tas1r3 mRNA was detected ubiquitously along the gastrointestinal tract, and the most predominant expression was observed in the reticulum. In addition, the presence of Tas1r3 receptor was confirmed in the rumen through immunohistochemistry. The expression level of Pept1 mRNA was higher in the forestomach (rumen, reticulum, and omasum) and small intestine (duodenum) than that in the tongue, and predominant expression was observed in the rumen. By contrast, a negligible amount of Pept1 mRNA was detected in the abomasum and large intestine. Further studies on the roles of Tas1r3 and Pept1 in the digestive tract, in particular, in the four components of the stomach, will help us to understand the mechanisms of amino acids regulation in ruminants and provide the basis for formulating cattle diets to improve the health and productivity of cattle.
Asymmetric Expression of Wnt/B-catenin Pathway in AIS
Authors: Xu Leilei , Dai Zhicheng , Xia Chao , Wu Zhichong , Feng Zhenhua , Sun Xu , Liu Zhen , Qiu Yong , Cheng Jack Chun-Yiu , Zhu Zezhang 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.A prospective case-control study.Objectives.To investigate whether the asymmetric changes are primary or secondary to spinal deformity.Summary of Background Data.Previous study reported significantly decreased expression ofWnt/B-cateninpathway in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. To date, there is a lack of study investigating the relationship between differentially expressedWnt/B-cateninpathway and the onset of the curve.Methods.Paraspinal muscles were collected from 40 female AIS patients and 20 age-matched congenital scoliosis (CS) patients. For CS patients, the samples were collected from the concave side and the convex side at the apical region. For AIS patients, the samples were collected from the proximal bilateral sides of the spine in addition to the apical region. qPCR and western blot were used to determine the expression ofLBX1,B-catenin, andPAX3, all of which are regulated by theWnt/B-cateninpathway. The relative mRNA expression level between the concave and the convex side was performed with the Studentttest. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between gene expression and the curve magnitude.Results.AIS patients were found to have remarkably lower mRNA and protein expression ofB-catenin,LBX1,andPAX3in the concave side than in the convex side at the apical region. By contrast, at the proximal region, the mRNA expression of these three genes was comparable. Moreover, no significant difference regarding mRNA expression was found between the concave side and the convex side of CS patients. There was no remarkable correlation between the mRNA expression of the three genes and Cobb angle.Conclusion.There exists remar kably asymmetric expression ofWnt/B-cateninpathway at the apical region of AIS, which however was comparable at the apical region of CS patients. Further investigation ofWnt/B-cateninsignaling pathway may help reveal the etiology of AIS in future study.Level of Evidence:4
Prognostic Factors in the New Katagiri Scoring System After Palliative Surgery for Spinal Metastasis
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Ando Kei , Nakashima Hiroaki , Sato Koji , Kanemura Tokumi , Yoshihara Hisatake , Hirasawa Atsuhiko , Kato Fumihiko , Ishiguro Naoki , Imagama Shiro 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
The purpose of the study was to examine survival after surgery for a metastatic spinal tumor using prognostic factors in the new Katagiri score.

Summary of Background Data.
Surgery for spinal metastasis can improve quality of life and facilitate treatment of the primary cancer. However, choice of therapy requires identification of prognostic factors for survival, and these may change over time due to treatment advances. The new Katagiri score for the prognosis of skeletal metastasis includes classification of the primary tumor site and the effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy.

Methods.
The subjects were 201 patients (127 males, 74 females) who underwent surgery for spinal metastases at six facilities in the Nagoya Spine Group. Age at surgery, gender, follow-up, metastatic spine level, primary cancer, new Katagiri score (including primary site, visceral metastasis, laboratory data, performance status (PS), and chemotherapy) and survival were obtained from a prospectively maintained database.

Results.
Posterior decompression (n = 29) and posterior decompression and fixation with instrumentation (n = 182) were performed at a mean age of 65.9 (range, 16–85) years. Metastasis was present in the cervical (n = 19, 10%), thoracic (n = 155, 77%), and lumbar (n = 26, 13%) spine, and sacrum (n = 1, 1%). In multivariate analysis, moderate growth (HR 2.95, 95% CI, 1.27–7.89, P < 0.01) and rapid growth (HR 4.71, 95% CI, 2.78–12.31, P < 0.01) at the primary site; nodular metastasis (HR 1.53, 95% CI, 1.07–3.85, P < 0.01) and disseminated metastasis (HR 2.94, 95% CI, 1.33–5.42, P < 0.01); and critical laboratory data (HR 3.15, 95% CI, 2.06–8.36, P < 0.01), and poor PS (HR 2.83, 95% CI, 1.67–4.77, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with poor survival.

Conclusion.
Accurate prognostic factors are important in deciding the treatment strategy in patients with spinal metastasis, and our identification of these factors may be useful for these patients.

Level of Evidence: 3