bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength degradation and fractographic analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates with square / circular hole using scanning electron microscope micrographs
Authors: Gupta Savita , Prusty Rajesh Kumar , Ray Bankim Chandra , Pal Snehanshu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, experimental study has been carried out to obtain comparative information intended for designing and assembly of structural components made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite. Investigation on tensile strength has been done on unidirectional CFRP composite laminates with hole. Effect of stacking sequence, hole size, and hole shape on tensile strength has been examined independently by open hole tensile (OHT) test. Reduction in OHT strength is observed when stacking sequence is changed from [0]8 to [0/90]2s and when the hole size is increased. However, OHT strength is noticed to get increased when hole shape is changed from circular to square. Laminates containing square shaped hole demonstrate less sensitiveness towards tensile strength and show negligible effect of stacking sequences on the normalized strength than the circular hole. Fractographic analysis figures out the failure mechanism of tested specimens by correlating their mechanical properties. SEM micrographs and data analysis reveal that axial splits and local delamination effectively blunt the stress concentration around the hole resulting in higher OHT strength and less notch sensitiveness towards tensile strength.
Molecular structure and rheological properties of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) modified by two different chain extenders
Authors: Härth Michael , Dörnhöfer Andrea , Kaschta Joachim , Münstedt Helmut , Schubert Dirk W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper compares the molecular structure and rheological properties of a commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) after reactive processing with different concentrations of either pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) or a multifunctional epoxide (Joncryl®ADR‐4368) as a chain extender. By size exclusion chromatography with triple detection, an increase of molar mass, a broadening of molar mass distribution, and the generation of long‐chain branched molecules were found for both chain extenders. While gel‐free materials were obtained with PMDA, the processing with Joncryl leads to the formation of gels. The effect of branching, indicated by the Mark–Houwink exponent, is more pronounced for materials with Joncryl compared to PMDA and points to a more compact branching structure of the PET/Joncryl molecules. Rheological measurements in shear and elongation support the analysis from SEC and reveal a complex tree‐like branching structure for both chain extenders. In addition, the role of the two modifiers with respect to processing was assessed.
The effect of shrinkage on the structure and properties of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fibers with different concentration
Authors: Wang Hongqiu , Quan Jiayou , Wang Xinwei , Yu Junrong , Zhu Jing , Wang Yan , Hu Zuming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInterface variation in the extraction and drying process of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) gel fiber results in different shrinkage at different direction. The essence of shrinkage lies in the crystallization of UHMWPE chains under the effect of interface tension. However, UHMWPE gel fiber prepared with different solution concentration has different chain entanglement points density that can hinder the regular stacking for UHMWPE chains. The restriction for axis shrinkage of UHMWPE gel fiber facilitates the orientation of UHMWPE chains that is beneficial to improve the tensile strength of UHMWPE drawn fiber. Combined with multiple methods of Wide angle X‐ray diffraction, Small‐angle X‐ray scattering, Differential scanning calorimetry and sonic orientation, the structural evolution of UHMWPE fiber with different shrinkage ratio and different concentration was investigated. Meanwhile, the suitability for UHMWPE fibers in production was evaluated by final tensile strength of the fibers. Here, a structural evolution model is proposed to elucidate the correlation between the shrinkage and the structure and properties of UHMWPE fibers prepared with different solution concentration.
Hepatic sinusoids versus central veins: Structures, markers, angiocrines, and roles in liver regeneration and homeostasis
Authors: Mak Ki M. , Shin Da Wi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe blood circulates through the hepatic sinusoids delivering nutrients and oxygen to the liver parenchyma and drains into the hepatic central vein, yet the structures and phenotypes of these vessels are distinctively different. Sinusoidal endothelial cells are uniquely fenestrated, lack basal lamina and possess organelles involved in endocytosis, pinocytosis, degradation, synthesis and secretion. Hepatic central veins are nonfenestrated but are also active in synthesis and secretion. Endothelial cells of sinusoids and central veins secrete angiocrines that play respective roles in hepatic regeneration and metabolic homeostasis. The list of markers for identifying sinusoidal endothelial cells is long and their terminologies are complex. Further, their uses vary in different investigations and, in some instances, could be confusing. Central vein markers are fewer but more distinctive. Here we analyze and categorize the molecular pathways/modules associated with the sinusoid‐mediated liver regeneration in response to partial hepatectomy and chemical‐induced acute or chronic injury. Similarly, we highlight the findings that central vein‐derived angiocrines interact with Wnt/β‐catenin in perivenous hepatocytes to direct gene expression and maintain pericentral metabolic zonation. The proposal that perivenous hepatocytes behave as stem/progenitor cells to provoke hepatic homeostatic cell renewal is reevaluated and newer concepts of broad zonal distribution of hepatocyte proliferation in liver homeostasis and regeneration are updated. Thus, this review integrates the structures, biology and physiology of liver sinusoids and central veins in mediating hepatic regeneration and metabolic homeostasis.
Joint estimation of case fatality rate of COVID‐19 and power of quarantine strategy performed in Wuhan, China
Authors: Rui Rongxiang , Tian Maozai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrom the first case of COVID‐19 confirmed in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, China, in early December 2019, it has been found in more than 160 countries and caused over 11,000 deaths as of March 20, 2020. Wuhan, as the city where the epidemic first broke out, has made great sacrifices to block the possible transmission. In this research, we estimate the case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID‐19 and quantify the effect of quarantine strategy utilized in Wuhan by developing an extended Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) model. The outcomes suggest that the CFR is 4.4% (95% CI [3.6%, 5.2%]) and the effect of the quarantine strategy is 99.3% (95% CI [99.2%, 99.5%]), which implies that such a method can significantly reduce the number of infections.
Ischemic stroke, obesity, and the anti‐inflammatory role of melatonin
Authors: Yawoot Nuttapong , Govitrapong Piyarat , Tocharus Chainarong , Tocharus Jiraporn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObesity is a predominant risk factor in ischemic stroke and is commonly comorbid with it. Pathologies following these conditions are associated with systemic and local inflammation. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the susceptibility for ischemic brain damage increases substantially in experimental models of ischemic stroke with concomitant obesity. Herein, we explore the proinflammatory events that occur during ischemic stroke and obesity, and we discuss the influence of obesity on the inflammatory response and cerebral damage outcomes in experimental models of brain ischemia. In addition, because melatonin is a neurohormone widely reported to exhibit protective effects in various diseases, this study also demonstrates the anti‐inflammatory role and possible mechanistic actions of melatonin in both epidemic diseases. A summary of research findings suggests that melatonin administration has great potential to exert an anti‐inflammatory role and provide protection against obesity and ischemic stroke conditions. However, the efficacy of this hormonal treatment on ischemic stroke with concomitant obesity, when more serious inflammation is generated, is still lacking.
Xylose Assimilation for the Efficient Production of Biofuels and Chemicals by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sun Liang , Jin Yong‐Su 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicrobial conversion of plant biomass into fuels and chemicals offers a practical solution to global concerns over limited natural resources, environmental pollution, and climate change. Pursuant to these goals, researchers have put tremendous efforts and resources toward engineering the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to efficiently convert xylose, the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic biomass, into various fuels and chemicals. Here, recent advances in metabolic engineering of yeast is summarized to address bottlenecks on xylose assimilation and to enable simultaneous co‐utilization of xylose and other substrates in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Distinct characteristics of xylose metabolism that can be harnessed to produce advanced biofuels and chemicals are also highlighted. Although many challenges remain, recent research investments have facilitated the efficient fermentation of xylose and simultaneous co‐consumption of xylose and glucose. In particular, understanding xylose‐induced metabolic rewiring in engineered yeast has encouraged the use of xylose as a carbon source for producing various non‐ethanol bioproducts. To boost the lignocellulosic biomass‐based bioeconomy, much attention is expected to promote xylose‐utilizing efficiency via reprogramming cellular regulatory networks, to attain robust co‐fermentation of xylose and other cellulosic carbon sources under industrial conditions, and to exploit the advantageous traits of yeast xylose metabolism for producing diverse fuels and chemicals.
Differences in survival of prostate cancer Gleason 8–10 disease and the establishment of a new Gleason survival grading system
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Lin Changming , Hu Zhihua , Yang Cheng , Zhang Rentao , Ding Yinman , Wang Zhengquan , Tao Sha , Qin Yanmei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the latest Gleason grading system in 2014 has distinguished between Gleason 3 + 4 and 4 + 3, Gleason 8 and Gleason 9–10 are remained systemically classified.MethodsA total of 261,125 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) were selected between 2005 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We used propensity score matching to balance clinical variables and then compared overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) between Gleason score subgroups. We further establish a new Gleason survival grading system based on the hazard ratio (HR) values of each Gleason subgroup. Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare patient survival.ResultsAmong PCa patients with Gleason score 8 disease, patients with Gleason 5 + 3 had significantly worse OS and CSS than those with Gleason 3 + 5 (OS: HR = 1.26, p = 0.042; CSS: HR = 1.42, p = 0.005) and 4 + 4 (HR = 1.50 for OS and HR = 1.69 for CSS, p < 0.001 for all). PCa patients with Gleason 5 + 3 and Gleason 4 + 5 may have the similar OS and CSS (reference Gleason score <=6, 5 + 3: OS HR = 2.44, CSS HR = 7.63; 4 + 5: OS HR = 2.40, CSS HR = 8.92; p < 0.001 for all). The new Gleason survival grading system reclassified the grades 4 and 5 of the 2014 updated Gleason grading system into three hierarchical grades, which makes the classification of grades more detailed and accurate.ConclusionPCa patients with Gleason 8–10 may have three different survival subgroups, Gleason 3 + 5 and 4 + 4, Gleason 5 + 3 and 4 + 5, and Gleason 5 + 4 and 5 + 5. Our results maximize risk stratification for PCa patients, provide guidance for clinicians to assess their survival and clinical management, and make a recommendation for the next Gleason grading system update.
Progress in Scaling up and Streamlining a Nanoconfined, Enzyme‐Catalyzed Electrochemical Nicotinamide Recycling System for Biocatalytic Synthesis
Authors: Cheng Beichen , Wan Lei , Armstrong Fraser A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn electrochemically driven nicotinamide recycling system, referred to as the ‘electrochemical leaf’ has unique attributes that may suit it to the small‐scale industrial synthesis of high‐value chemicals. A complete enzyme cascade can be immobilized within the channels of a nanoporous electrode, allowing complex reactions to be energized, controlled and monitored continuously in real time. The electrode is easily prepared by depositing commercially available indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles on a Ti support, resulting in a network of nanopores into which enzymes enter and bind. One of the enzymes is the photosynthetic flavoenzyme, ferredoxin NADP+ reductase (FNR), which catalyzes the quasi‐reversible electrochemical recycling of NADP(H) and serves as the transducer. The second enzyme is any NADP(H)‐dependent dehydrogenase of choice, and further enzymes can be added to build elaborate cascades that are driven in either oxidation or reduction directions through the rapid recycling of NADP(H) within the pores. In this Article, we describe the measurement of key enzyme/cofactor parameters and an essentially linear scale‐up from an analytical scale 4 mL reactor with a 14 cm2 electrode to a 500 mL reactor with a 500 cm2 electrode. We discuss the advantages (energization, continuous monitoring that can be linked to a computer, natural enzyme immobilization, low costs of electrodes and low cofactor requirements) and challenges to be addressed (optimizing minimal use of enzyme applied to the electrode).
Image quality evaluation for high dynamic range and wide color gamut applications using visual spatial processing of color differences
Authors: Choudhury Anustup , Wanat Robert , Pytlarz Jaclyn , Daly Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut imagery has an established video ecosystem, spanning image capture to encoding and display. This drives the need for evaluating how image quality is affected by the multitudes of ecosystem parameters. The simplest quality metrics evaluate color differences on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis. In this article, we evaluate a series of these color difference metrics on four HDR and three standard dynamic range publicly available distortion databases consisting of natural images and subjective scores. We compare the performance of the well‐established CIE L*a*b* metrics (ΔE00, ΔE94) alongside two HDR‐specific metrics (ΔEZ [Jzazbz], ΔEITP [ICTCP]) and a spatial CIE L*a*b* extension (). We also present a novel spatial extension to ΔEITP derived by optimizing the opponent color contrast sensitivity functions. We observe that this advanced metric, , outperforms the other color difference metrics, and we quantify the improved performance with the steps of metric advancement.
A reconfigurable high ultimate rejection inductorless band‐pass filter by the use of N‐path passive mixers
Authors: Hazrati Amin , Jalali Ali , Meghdadi Masoud 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a band‐pass filter with a tunable bandwidth and the center frequency is introduced, which employs N‐path and N × M‐path passive mixer structures, for multiband multistandard wireless receivers. The center frequency of the proposed filter is tunable from 0.1 to 1 GHz, while its bandwidth is also adjustable from 6% to 34% of the center frequency at 100 MHz. The passband ripple is reduced by applying a Miller compensation technique, resulting in a worst‐case ripple of only 1.6 dB over the entire tuning range. An additional eight‐path filter is also utilized at the input of the circuit, which highly improves the out‐of‐band rejection of the filter as well as its out‐of‐band linearity. The noise figure and the input return loss are, respectively, better than 5 and 10 dB, and depending on the desired center frequency, the total power consumption of the proposed filter varies from 41 to 70 mW.
Testing transgenerational transfer of personality in managed wildlife populations: a house mouse control experiment
Authors: Johnstone Kyla C. , McArthur Clare , Banks Peter B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPest species control operations are most effective if every individual in a population is targeted. Yet, individual personality drives variation in animal responses to devices such as traps and baits. Failing to account for differences in behavior during control operations may drive a selective removal, resulting in residual animals with biased expressions of personality. If these biased traits are passed onto offspring, control operations would become increasingly problematic. To test if biased trait expressions in founding populations are passed on to offspring, we quantified personality traits in wild‐caught house mice (Mus musculus) and created founder populations selected for biased (high, low) or intermediate expressions of activity. We released the behaviorally biased populations into outdoor yards to breed to the F1 generation and, 10 weeks later, removed the mice and quantified the personality traits of the offspring. Despite the strong personality bias in founder populations, we observed no transgenerational transfer of personality and detected no personality bias in the F1 generation. Our results provide reassuring evidence that a single intensive control operation that selects for survivors with a personality bias is unlikely to lead to a recovering population inherently more difficult to eradicate, at least for house mice.
Orthorexia nervosa is associated with positive body image and life satisfaction in Chinese elderly: Evidence for a positive psychology perspective
Authors: He Jinbo , Zhao Yiqing , Zhang Hengyue , Lin Zhicheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveObsessive attention to healthy eating might paradoxically lead to physical and psychosocial impairments, a potential eating disorder termed orthorexia nervosa (ON). An ongoing debate concerns whether ON should be categorized as an eating disorder, an obsessive–compulsive disorder, or a mental disorder at all. A missing voice in this debate is ON in the elderly, which remains unknown, despite health being a more central issue in everyday life during old age. Similarly missing is ON in East Asia, which remains largely unexplored.MethodThe current study investigated ON in 313 Chinese elderly (M = 67.90, SD = 7.94) using the Chinese version of the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (C‐DOS). Questionnaires were used to measure traditional eating disorder symptomatology, body image (body dissatisfaction, body appreciation, and functionality appreciation), lifestyle behaviors (fruit and vegetable consumption and time spent on physical activity), and indexes of well‐being (psychological distress, food‐related quality of life, and life satisfaction).ResultsON symptoms were positively related to physical activity, fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption, body appreciation, functionality appreciation, and life satisfaction, but negatively related to body dissatisfaction. Compared with those without ON, the elderly with ON scored higher on positive psychological/lifestyle measures but lower on negative psychological measures.DiscussionContrary to the dominant characterization of ON as a variant of disordered eating, in Chinese elderly ON was associated with several positive lifestyle and psychological measures. Thus, ON in the elderly might not be viewed as a form of disordered eating but can be protective and beneficial.
Piezoelectric method‐based harvested energy evaluation from car suspension system: Simulation and experimental study
Authors: Darabseh Tariq , Al‐Yafeai Doaa , Mourad Abdel‐Hamid I. , Almaskari Fahad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this work is to build a mathematical model to evaluate the potential of harvesting power from the car suspension system. Quarter‐ and half‐car models with built‐in piezoelectric stack were modeled mathematically and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The piezoelectric stack was installed in series with the suspension spring to maintain the performance of the original car suspension system in ride quality and comfortability. The harvested voltage and power were tested with respect to time and frequency. From a half car model, the maximum generated voltage and power at the excitation frequency of 1.46 Hz were 33.56 V and 56.35 mW, respectively. By comparing a half‐car model with the quarter‐car model, the outcomes illustrated that the harvested voltage and power of the half‐car model were increased by 75.6% and 53.4%, respectively. Piezoelectric stack parameters (number of stack layers and area to thickness) and the car suspension parameters (sprung and unsprung stiffness, damping coefficients, and masses) were examined for half‐car model. Also, the influence of road amplitude unevenness was considered. The simulation results of the quarter‐car system were verified with the experimental test under harmonic excitation. The results exhibited good agreement with the simulation results at different excitation frequencies.
Modeling and analyzing multi‐tier massive multiple‐input multiple‐output‐enabled heterogeneous networks with hybrid spectrum allocation for cluster‐center and cluster‐edge users
Authors: Jia Xiangdong , Lv Yaping , Chen Yuwan , Jing Letian , Ouyang Yuhua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the proliferation of high‐speed multi‐media applications and high‐dense Internet‐of‐Things devices, the future 5G/B5G networks will face the emergence of dense hotspot communications. A key consequence of such hotspots is the heterogeneity of base stations' deployment and the user base station (BS) coupling, where the user equipments (UEs) tend to form spatial clusters or hotspots. With these motivations, this article considers a realistic scenario for clustered heterogeneous networks, which consists of macro‐BSs (MBSs), pico‐BSs (PBSs), and femto‐BSs (FBSs). To restrict the severe interference from inter and intra‐tier transmitters, a clustered‐UEs classification is developed based on the coverage radius of PBSs. With the clustered‐UEs classification, this article develops a modified separated spectrum allocation scheme. To further exploit potential, we also consider the cases of ordered and non‐ordered FBSs associations and construct the derivations of both the statistical descriptions of association distances and the association probabilities for different scenarios. By using the approximated Poisson hole process theory which is accurate and simple enough, the statistical description of the interference experienced at a typical receiver is given, and the coverage probabilities are also derived. The simulation results achieve that the performance gain from the case of ordered FBSs over the one from the case of non‐ordered FBSs greatly depends on the coverage radii of PBSs and FBSs. Meanwhile, the distributions of both FBSs and UEs also impose the non‐negligible contributions on network performance.