bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic position and body composition across the life course: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Bridger Staatz Charis , Kelly Yvonne , Lacey Rebecca , Hardy Rebecca 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The relation between socioeconomic position (SEP) and obesity measured by body mass index (BMI) has been extensively reviewed, but there is less research on the association between SEP and body composition. Fat distribution and muscle quality have been linked to adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and poor physical capability. There is some evidence of secular changes in body composition with increasing fat-mass and reducing muscle quantity and strength, but it is unclear whether there have been secular changes in social inequalities in body composition. The aim is to perform a systematic review of the existing literature on the association between SEP and body composition and to explore any secular changes.

Methods
The systematic review will be carried out according to PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search of MEDLINE and Embase Classic + Embase will be conducted using OvidSP as the database interface, as well as SPORTDiscus using EBSCO. Two independently working reviewers will initially screen abstracts to exclude papers that are clearly ineligible, followed by a full-text screening to exclude papers not meeting all inclusion criteria. Any disagreements will be resolved through discussion. Data extraction and quality assessment of eligible papers will be carried out by 2 reviewers using a standardised form. The reference lists of identified papers will be searched for additional papers. Original studies in the English language, which examine the association between SEP at any age and body composition at the same or later age will be included if they use any recognised measures of SEP (e.g. income, occupation, over-crowding) and a recognised measure of body composition (total, proportional or location of fat mass and fat-free mass, using any appropriate methods, excluding anthropometry). Due to expected heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis is expected, with a descriptive summary to be provided in tables. If there is consistency in reporting of associations, a random-effects meta-analysis will be used to provide an overall summary estimate.

Discussion
The results of the review will summarise the existing evidence on social inequalities in body composition. Findings will identify gaps in knowledge and where further research is required.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42019119937
Determinants of market outlet choices by smallholder teff farmers in Dera district, South Gondar Zone, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia: a multivariate probit approach
Authors: Abate Tadie Mirie , Mekie Taye Melese , Dessie Abebe Birara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In Ethiopia, teff is an important cereal crop, particularly in Dera district. It is a source of food and provides cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. To commercialize teff producers, selecting an appropriate market channel is mandatory. However, selecting an appropriate market channel is not an easy task because there are different factors that influence market outlet choices. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors that influence teff market outlet choices. A two-stage random sampling procedure was used and a total of 154 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multivariate probit model was employed to identify factors affecting teff market outlet choices. The result of the study shows that the probability of teff producers to choose wholesaler, retailer, consumer and cooperative market outlets was 31.82%, 35.71%, 37.01% and 16.88%, respectively. This shows that consumer was the most likely chosen market outlet while cooperative was the less likely chosen market outlet. The joint probability of farmers to choose the four market outlets is (0.1%) lower than the likely of no choosing four market outlets (19.5%). The result of multivariate probit model revealed that age of household head, land size, quantity of teff produced, lagged price of teff, family size (AE), membership of cooperatives and distance to the nearest market were found to be statistically and significantly affecting the market outlet choice behavior of teff producers. This implies that improving the production capacity of farmers and invests on rural cooperatives would help smallholder farmers to choose the rewarding market outlet. Therefore, the study suggested that improving the existing production system, farmers relying on intensive cultivation; giving better price for farmers and being membership of cooperative are important strategies to select the appropriate market channel.
Structural change and output volatility reduction in OECD countries: evidence of the Second Great Moderation
Authors: Duran Hasan Engin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this article, we provide new, novel evidence for a more recent structural break (in 2010) indicating a greater moderation of output volatility compared to the well-known break during the mid-1980s. The period of analysis runs from 1962Q2 to 2018Q3. It covers 26 OECD countries. In terms of methodology, it has mainly been used as the measures of conditional and unconditional volatility and procedures of structural break detection (Inclan–Tiao test and autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model). As a result, it has been found that output greatly stabilized following the structural break at 2010Q1 in the post-era of 2008/09 global financial crisis. Moreover, output stabilization is robustly evident for 24 (out of 26) OECD countries. From a political standpoint, it is implied that the Keynesian view may be influential in this moderation. Government expenditures and fiscal programs, regulations of financial markets against the sub-prime lending and limitations to trade of mortgage-backed securities might have been the main driver of stability. Rapid improvement of digitalization and technical productivity may be regarded as another relevant reason that might have contributed to the stabilization process.
Cost-comparison analysis of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) versus second look surgery for the detection of residual and recurrent cholesteatoma
Authors: Choi David L. , Gupta Michael K. , Rebello Ryan , Archibald Jason D. 
Published: November 2019

Background Cholesteatoma is a destructive, erosive growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear cleft. Following treatment with a canal wall-up (CWU) tympanomastoidectomy, surveillance of residual and recurrent disease has traditionally been achieved through a second look tympanotomy following the initial procedure. Historically, MRI sequences have been inadequate at differentiating between granulation tissue, inflammation, and cholesteatoma. Recent literature has shown diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) to be a viable alternative to second look surgery for the detection of residual or recurrent disease. The goal of the present study was to perform a cost analysis of DWIMRI versus second look surgery in the detection of residual or recurrent cholesteatoma following combined approach tympanomastoidectomy. Methods A probabilistic decision tree model was generated from a literature review to compare traditional second look surgery with DWMRI. Cost inputs were obtained from the Ontario Case Costing Initiative, the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) schedule of benefits. Costs were reported in Canadian dollars and a payer perspective was adopted. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. Results According to the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, mean cost difference of traditional second look tympanotomy versus echo planar imaging (EPI) DWMRI was $180.27CAD, 95%CI [$177.32, $188,32] in favour of second-look tympanotomy. However, mean cost difference of traditional second look tympanotomy versus non-EPI DWMRI was $390.66CAD, 95%CI [$381.52, $399.80] in favour of non-EPI DWMRI. Conclusions Diffusion-weighted MRI, specifically non-EPI sequences, are a viable cost-saving alternative to second-look tympanotomy in the setting of detecting residual or recurrent cholesteatoma.
Computed tomography-guided thoracoscopic debridement for multiple loculated organizing empyema: a case report
Authors: Aoki Masaya , Umehara Tadashi , Morizono Shoichiro , Tokuda Yasuhiro , Kamimura Go , Tokunaga Takuya , Suzuki Souichi , Takeda Aya Harada , Maeda Koki , Nagata Toshiyuki , Yokomakura Naoya , Kariatsumari Kota , Ueda Kazuhiro , Sato Masami 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for organizing empyema is challenging because fibrous septa and peel within the cavity are thickened and hardened. Some patients have multiple isolated empyema cavities that require debridement individually because firm intrathoracic adhesion was developed during this phase. If the debridement was incomplete as a result of worrying about an accidental injury of the surrounding organ, additional interventions may be required due to the persistent empyema cavity or insufficient expansion of the ipsilateral lung. We here describe a representative case with multiple loculated organizing empyema that could safely and reliably perform VATS debridement under C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Case presentation
A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our department for the treatment of right empyema. Chest computed tomography showed fluid collection in three independent spaces within the right thoracic cavity. It was assumed that a firm adhesion between the lung and chest wall was developed because about 7 weeks passed since the onset. Therefore, we decided to use CBCT to completely debride three empyema cavities separately by VATS. One cavity was only in a narrow range with the chest wall, and it was located on the back of cost rib cartilage. By clicking any intended anatomical structures on CBCT images, the position was readily depicted by lase projection on the body surface, which helped to place the best skin incision. Moreover, in other cavities, CBCT after initial debridement showed insufficiently dissected cavity. Additional debridement resulted in a successful shrinkage of the empyema cavity.

Conclusion
We believe that VATS debridement under CBCT guidance is one of the useful treatment options for multiple loculated organizing empyema.
Evaluation and comparison between the bactericidal effect of diode laser irradiation (970 nm) and silver nanoparticles on Enterococcus faecalis bacterial strain (an in vitro study)
Authors: Sadony Doaa M. , Montasser Karim 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background/Aims
Today, the using of diode lasers in dentistry has made a significant progress; it increased the speed of treatment, decreased the time of healing, and showed a bactericidal effect. The thermal effects should be considered in root canal treatment by laser, as the temperature rises to critical levels, causing tissues damage and any thermal change occurs after laser irradiation. The temperature can rise up to 10 °C above the body temperature for less than 2–3 min without damaging the periodontal tissue or burring the tooth structure by using cooling. Antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were reducing Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial growth, due to a larger surface to volume ratio of nanoparticles. The goal of this study is to evaluate the bactericidal effect of diode laser irradiation (970 nm), the silver nanoparticles in root canals infected by Enterococcus faecalis bacteria, and the thermal change that occurs after laser application.

Materials and methods
Forty-five extracted single-rooted human maxillary anterior teeth were collected and used as a container for the test. The samples are inoculated by Enterococcus faecalis bacterial strain and randomly divided into three groups: group I (control) (n = 15), group II (Enterococcus faecalis bacteria and silver nanoparticles) (n = 15), and group III (Enterococcus faecalis bacteria and diode laser) (n = 15). The laser group was divided into subgroups according to the time of laser irradiation (20 s, 30 s, and 40 s).

Results
There was a significant difference between the treated groups, in which the laser group showed a high bactericidal effect than the other groups at the time of radiation 40 s, without damaging the tooth structure or periodontal ligament.

Conclusion
Diode laser with proper parameters is used as an adjunctive endodontic disinfection modality due to its antibacterial effect with a temperature tolerated by periodontal tissues with safety limit.
Modeling full-wavefield time-varying sea-surface effects on seismic data: A mimetic finite-difference approach
Authors: Konuk Tugrul , Shragge Jeffrey 
Published: November 2019

Seismic-data processing flows often ignore spatial and temporal variations in the sea surface during marine seismic acquisition by assuming a flat free surface. However, weather patterns during data acquisition can generate rough sea conditions, which can significantly influence seismic full-wavefield source behavior, including ghost reflections and surface-related multiples, by introducing spatial and temporal distortions of the seismic wavelet. To investigate the effects of rough seas on seismic wave propagation, we have developed and solved a new acoustic wave equation using a mimetic finite-difference time-domain (MFDTD) scheme that uses a dynamic (i.e., moving) generalized coordinate system defined to be conformal to the assumed known time-varying free surface. This “sea-surface” coordinate system allows us to model the full dynamic effects associated with this complex boundary condition. Numerical examples demonstrate that the developed MFDTD method can accurately simulate seismic wavefield propagation on a moving mesh for significant wave heights of 5 m and beyond, and it is thus a reliable tool for applications involving modeling, processing, imaging, and inversion of seismic data acquired in rough seas.
Mental health and well-being of fathers of children with intellectual disabilities: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dunn Kirsty , Kinnear Deborah , Jahoda Andrew , McConnachie Alex 
Published: November 2019

Background
Caring for a child with intellectual disabilities can be a very rewarding but demanding experience. Research in this area has primarily focused on mothers, with relatively little attention given to the mental health of fathers.

Aims
The purpose of this review was to summarise the evidence related to the mental health of fathers compared with mothers, and with fathers in the general population.

Method
A meta-analysis was undertaken of all studies published by 1 July 2018 in Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE, using terms on intellectual disabilities, mental health and father carers. Papers were selected based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results
Of 5544 results, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and 12 had appropriate data for meta-analysis. For comparisons of fathers with mothers, mothers were significantly more likely to have poor general mental health and well-being (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.38, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.20), as well as higher levels of depression (SMD, −0.46; 95% CI −0.68 to −0.24), stress (SMD, −0.32; 95% CI −0.46 to −0.19) and anxiety (SMD, −0.30; 95% CI −0.50 to −0.10).

Conclusions
There is a significant difference between the mental health of father and mother carers, with fathers less likely to exhibit poor mental health. However, this is based on a small number of studies. More data is needed to determine whether the general mental health and anxiety of father carers of a child with intellectual disabilities differs from fathers in the general population.
Genetic Modifiers of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes Have Extensive Overlap With Type 2 Diabetes and Related Traits
Authors: Aksit Melis A , Pace Rhonda G , Vecchio-Pagán Briana , Ling Hua , Rommens Johanna M , Boelle Pierre-Yves , Guillot Loic , Raraigh Karen S , Pugh Elizabeth , Zhang Peng , Strug Lisa J , Drumm Mitch L , Knowles Michael R , Cutting Garry R , Corvol Harriet , Blackman Scott M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Context
Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) develop a distinct form of diabetes characterized by β-cell dysfunction and islet amyloid accumulation similar to type 2 diabetes (T2D), but generally have normal insulin sensitivity. CF-related diabetes (CFRD) risk is determined by both CFTR, the gene responsible for CF, and other genetic variants.

Objective
To identify genetic modifiers of CFRD and determine the genetic overlap with other types of diabetes.

Design and Patients
A genome-wide association study was conducted for CFRD onset on 5740 individuals with CF. Weighted polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for type 1 diabetes (T1D), T2D, and diabetes endophenotypes were tested for association with CFRD.

Results
Genome-wide significance was obtained for variants at a novel locus (PTMA) and 2 known CFRD genetic modifiers (TCF7L2 and SLC26A9). PTMA and SLC26A9 variants were CF-specific; TCF7L2 variants also associated with T2D. CFRD was strongly associated with PRSs for T2D, insulin secretion, postchallenge glucose concentration, and fasting plasma glucose, and less strongly with T1D PRSs. CFRD was inconsistently associated with PRSs for insulin sensitivity and was not associated with a PRS for islet autoimmunity. A CFRD PRS comprising variants selected from these PRSs (with a false discovery rate &lt; 0.1) and the genome-wide significant variants was associated with CFRD in a replication population.

Conclusions
CFRD and T2D have more etiologic and mechanistic overlap than previously known, aligning along pathways involving β-cell function rather than insulin sensitivity. Two CFRD risk loci are unrelated to T2D and may affect multiple aspects of CF. An 18-variant PRS stratifies risk of CFRD in an independent population.
FGF signaling in mammary gland fibroblasts regulates multiple fibroblast functions and mammary epithelial morphogenesis
Authors: Sumbal Jakub , Koledova Zuzana 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is crucial for mammary gland development. Although multiple roles for FGF signaling in the epithelium have been described, the function of FGF signaling in mammary stroma has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated FGF signaling in mammary fibroblasts. We found that murine mammary fibroblasts express FGF receptors FGFR1 and FGFR2 and respond to FGF ligands. In particular, FGF2 and FGF9 induce sustained ERK1/2 signaling and promote fibroblast proliferation and migration in 2D cultures. Intriguingly, only FGF2 induces fibroblast migration in 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) through regulation of actomyosin cytoskeleton and promotes force-mediated collagen remodeling by mammary fibroblasts. Moreover, FGF2 regulates production of ECM proteins by mammary fibroblasts, including collagens, fibronectin, osteopontin and matrix metalloproteinases. Finally, using organotypic 3D co-cultures we show that FGF2 and FGF9 signaling in mammary fibroblasts enhances fibroblast-induced branching of mammary epithelium by modulating paracrine signaling, and that knockdown of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in mammary fibroblasts reduces branching of mammary epithelium. Our results demonstrate a pleiotropic role for FGF signaling in mammary fibroblasts, with implications for regulation of mammary stromal functions and epithelial branching morphogenesis.
The use of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: are current pathological techniques missing important abnormalities in the glomerular basement membrane?
Authors: Davis Justin , Tjipto Alwie , Hegerty Katharine , Mallett Andrew 
Published: November 2019

Background:There is an increasing appreciation that variants of theCOL4Agenes may be associated with the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). On electron microscopy, such variants may produce characteristic changes within the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). These changes may be missed if glomerular lesions histologically diagnosed as FSGS on light microscopy are not subjected to electron microscopy.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients presenting to two hospitals who received a primary histological diagnosis of FSGS to see if these samples underwent subsequent electron microscopy. Each such sample was also scrutinised for the presence of characteristic changes of an underlying type IV collagen disorderResults:A total of 43 patients were identified. Of these, only 30 underwent electron microscopy. In two samples there were histological changes detected that might have suggested the underlying presence of a type IV collagen disorder. Around one in three biopsy samples that had a histological diagnosis of FSGS were not subjected to electron microscopy.Conclusion:Renal biopsy samples that have a histological diagnosis of primary FSGS not subjected to subsequent electron microscopy may potentially miss ultrastructural changes in the GBM that could signify an underlying type IV collagen disorder as the patient’s underlying disease process. This could potentially affect both them and their families’ investigative and management decisions given potential for implications for transplant, heritability and different disease pathogenesis. This represents a gap in care which should be reflected upon and rectified via iterative standard care and unit-level quality assurance initiatives.
Peptide arrays of three collections of human sera from patients infected with mosquito-borne viruses
Authors: Martinez Viedma Maria del Pilar , Kose Nurgun , Parham Leda , Balmaseda Angel , Kuan Guillermina , Lorenzana Ivette , Harris Eva , Crowe Jr. James E. , Pickett Brett E. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Global outbreaks caused by emerging or re-emerging arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are becoming increasingly more common. These pathogens include the mosquito-borne viruses belonging to the Flavivirus and Alphavirus genera. These viruses often cause non-specific or asymptomatic infection, which can confound viral prevalence studies. In addition, many acute phase diagnostic tests rely on the detection of viral components such as RNA or antigen. Standard serological tests are often not reliable for diagnosis after seroconversion and convalescence due to cross-reactivity among flaviviruses. Methods: In order to contribute to development efforts for mosquito-borne serodiagnostics, we incubated 137 human sera on individual custom peptide arrays that consisted of over 866 unique peptides in quadruplicate. Our bioinformatics workflow to analyze these data incorporated machine learning, statistics, and B-cell epitope prediction. Results: Here we report the results of our peptide array data analysis, which revealed sets of peptides that have diagnostic potential for detecting past exposure to a subset of the tested human pathogens including Zika virus. These peptides were then confirmed using the well-established ELISA method. Conclusions: These array data, and the resulting peptides can be useful in diverse efforts including the development of new pan-flavivirus antibodies, more accurate epitope mapping, and vaccine development against these viral pathogens.
Imaginarios, obras y autores en la literatura latinoamericana: Voces judaicas en la literatura brasileña
Authors: Brum Pedro 
Published: November 2019

En América Latina, conocemos bien el enunciado de pertenencia, el lugar intersticial de la voz del inmigrante. Punto de habla —y de narrativa— que conlleva dificultades al momento de superar el complejo proceso de mestizaje étnico y cultural. Al indagar sobre estos aspectos, el presente artículo produce reflexiones sobre la presencia judía en la literatura brasileña.