bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple trauma management in mountain environments - a scoping review
Authors: Sumann G. , Moens D. , Brink B. , Brodmann Maeder M. , Greene M. , Jacob M. , Koirala P. , Zafren K. , Ayala M. , Musi M. , Oshiro K. , Sheets A. , Strapazzon G. , Macias D. , Paal P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple trauma in mountain environments may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared to urban environments.ObjectiveTo provide evidence based guidance to assist rescuers in multiple trauma management in mountain environments.Eligibility criteriaAll articles published on or before September 30th 2019, in all languages, were included. Articles were searched with predefined search terms.Sources of evidencePubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and hand searching of relevant studies from the reference list of included articles.Charting methodsEvidence was searched according to clinically relevant topics and PICO questions.ResultsTwo-hundred forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Recommendations were developed and graded according to the evidence-grading system of the American College of Chest Physicians. The manuscript was initially written and discussed by the coauthors. Then it was presented to ICAR MedCom in draft and again in final form for discussion and internal peer review. Finally, in a face-to-face discussion within ICAR MedCom consensus was reached on October 11th 2019, at the ICAR fall meeting in Zakopane, Poland.ConclusionsMultiple trauma management in mountain environments can be demanding. Safety of the rescuers and the victim has priority. A crABCDE approach, with haemorrhage control first, is central, followed by basic first aid, splinting, immobilisation, analgesia, and insulation. Time for on-site medical treatment must be balanced against the need for rapid transfer to a trauma centre and should be as short as possible. Reduced on-scene times may be achieved with helicopter rescue. Advanced diagnostics (e.g. ultrasound) may be used and treatment continued during transport.
Consolidated bioprocessing of cellulose to itaconic acid by a co-culture of Trichoderma reesei and Ustilago maydis
Authors: Schlembach Ivan , Hosseinpour Tehrani Hamed , Blank Lars M. , Büchs Jochen , Wierckx Nick , Regestein Lars , Rosenbaum Miriam A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Itaconic acid is a bio-derived platform chemical with uses ranging from polymer synthesis to biofuel production. The efficient conversion of cellulosic waste streams into itaconic acid could thus enable the sustainable production of a variety of substitutes for fossil oil based products. However, the realization of such a process is currently hindered by an expensive conversion of cellulose into fermentable sugars. Here, we present the stepwise development of a fully consolidated bioprocess (CBP), which is capable of directly converting recalcitrant cellulose into itaconic acid without the need for separate cellulose hydrolysis including the application of commercial cellulases. The process is based on a synthetic microbial consortium of the cellulase producer Trichoderma reesei and the itaconic acid producing yeast Ustilago maydis. A method for process monitoring was developed to estimate cellulose consumption, itaconic acid formation as well as the actual itaconic acid production yield online during co-cultivation.

Results
The efficiency of the process was compared to a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation setup (SSF). Because of the additional substrate consumption of T. reesei in the CBP, the itaconic acid yield was significantly lower in the CBP than in the SSF. In order to increase yield and productivity of itaconic acid in the CBP, the population dynamics was manipulated by varying the inoculation delay between T. reesei and U. maydis. Surprisingly, neither inoculation delay nor inoculation density significantly affected the population development or the CBP performance. Instead, the substrate availability was the most important parameter. U. maydis was only able to grow and to produce itaconic acid when the cellulose concentration and thus, the sugar supply rate, was high. Finally, the metabolic processes during fed-batch CBP were analyzed in depth by online respiration measurements. Thereby, substrate availability was again identified as key factor also controlling itaconic acid yield. In summary, an itaconic acid titer of 34 g/L with a total productivity of up to 0.07 g/L/h and a yield of 0.16 g/g could be reached during fed-batch cultivation.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the feasibility of consortium-based CBP for itaconic acid production and also lays the fundamentals for the development and improvement of similar microbial consortia for cellulose-based organic acid production.
Pretreatments for enhancing sewage sludge reduction and reuse in lipid production
Authors: Chen Jiaxin , Li Ji , Zhang Xiaolei , Wu Zhaoyang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Converting wastewater sludge to lipid is considered as one of the best strategies of sludge management. The current problem of lipid production from wastewater sludge is the low yield (0.10–0.16 g lipid/g dry sludge) due to the low availability of easily uptaken materials (such as soluble monosaccharide and oligosaccharide) in sludge to oleaginous microorganism (Rhodotorula glutinis, Trichosporon oleaginosus, Lipomyces starkeyi). Pretreatments are efficient methods to improve sludge bioavailability. This study is aimed to achieve high lipid production from sludge and high sludge reduction.

Results
In this study, it was observed that the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) had significantly increased after different pretreatment. The SCOD in the supernatant was increased from 32.64 to 180.25 mg/L, 924.16 mg/L, 1029.89 mg/L and 3708.31 mg/L after acidic (pH 2 for 2 h), alkaline (pH 12 for 2 h), microwave irradiation (15 min with 5 min interval), and ultrasonication (30 min at 450 W and 20 kHz frequency with 5 s on and 2 s off mode) pretreatment, respectively. Pretreatments have also increased the release of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) from solids. The sludge after different pretreatments were used as a medium for lipid production, and the highest lipid content (36.67% g/g) was obtained in the fermentation with ultrasonication pretreatment sludge, and the sludge reduction was 63.10%. For other pretreatments, the lipid content and sludge reduction were 18.42% and 32.63% in acid pretreatment case, 21.08% and 36.44% in alkaline pretreatment case, and 26.31% and 43.03% in microwave pretreatment case, respectively.

Conclusion
It was found that ultrasonication pretreatment was the most efficient way to increase the sludge biodegradability (SCOD) and to release TN and TP from solid phase to liquid phase. Pretreated sludge for lipid production achieved significant improvement in lipid yield and sludge reduction. Lipids produced from pretreated sludge were transesterified to biodiesel and the analysis showed that biodiesel had a similar composition as commercial biodiesel. The study reveals that pretreatment on sludge is a promising method for enhancing biological sludge management efficiency.
SeqURE – a new copy-capture based method for sequencing of unknown Retroposition events
Authors: Komkov Alexander Y. , Urazbakhtin Shamil Z. , Saliutina Maria V. , Komech Ekaterina A. , Shelygin Yuri A. , Nugmanov Gaiaz A. , Shubin Vitaliy P. , Smirnova Anastasia O. , Bobrov Mikhail Y. , Tsukanov Alexey S. , Snezhkina Anastasia V. , Kudryavtseva Anna V. , Lebedev Yuri B. , Mamedov Ilgar Z. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Retroelements (REs) occupy a significant part of all eukaryotic genomes including humans. The majority of retroelements in the human genome are inactive and unable to retrotranspose. Dozens of active copies are repressed in most normal tissues by various cellular mechanisms. These copies can become active in normal germline and brain tissues or in cancer, leading to new retroposition events. The consequences of such events and their role in normal cell functioning and carcinogenesis are not yet fully understood. If new insertions occur in a small portion of cells they can be found only with the use of specific methods based on RE enrichment and high-throughput sequencing. The downside of the high sensitivity of such methods is the presence of various artifacts imitating real insertions, which in many cases cannot be validated due to lack of the initial template DNA. For this reason, adequate assessment of rare (< 1%) subclonal cancer specific RE insertions is complicated.

Results
Here we describe a new copy-capture technique which we implemented in a method called SeqURE for Sequencing Unknown of Retroposition Events that allows for efficient and reliable identification of new genomic RE insertions. The method is based on the capture of copies of target molecules (copy-capture), selective amplification and sequencing of genomic regions adjacent to active RE insertions from both sides. Importantly, the template genomic DNA remains intact and can be used for validation experiments. In addition, we applied a novel system for testing method sensitivity and precisely showed the ability of the developed method to reliably detect insertions present in 1 out of 100 cells and a substantial portion of insertions present in 1 out of 1000 cells. Using advantages of the method we showed the absence of somatic Alu insertions in colorectal cancer samples bearing tumor-specific L1HS insertions.

Conclusions
This study presents the first description and implementation of the copy-capture technique and provides the first methodological basis for the quantitative assessment of RE insertions present in a small portion of cells.
High-resolution analyses of human sperm dynamic methylome reveal thousands of novel age-related epigenetic alterations
Authors: Cao Mingju , Shao Xiaojian , Chan Peter , Cheung Warren , Kwan Tony , Pastinen Tomi , Robaire Bernard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren of aged fathers are at a higher risk of developing mental disorders. Alterations in sperm DNA methylation have been implicated as a potential cause. However, age-dependent modifications of the germ cells’ epigenome remain poorly understood. Our objective was to assess the DNA methylation profile of human spermatozoa during aging.ResultsWe used a high throughput, customized methylC-capture sequencing (MCC-seq) approach to characterize the dynamic DNA methylation in spermatozoa from 94 fertile and infertile men, who were categorized as young, 48 men between 18–38 years or old 46 men between 46–71 years. We identified more than 150,000 age-related CpG sites that are significantly differentially methylated among 2.65 million CpG sites covered. We conducted machine learning using our dataset to predict the methylation age of subjects; the age prediction accuracy based on our assay provided a more accurate prediction than that using the 450 K chip approach. In addition, we found that there are more hypermethylated (62%) than hypomethylated (38%) CpG sites in sperm of aged men, corresponding to 798 of total differential methylated regions (DMRs), of which 483 are hypermethylated regions (HyperDMR), and 315 hypomethylated regions (HypoDMR). Moreover, the distribution of age-related hyper- and hypomethylated CpGs in sperm is not random; the CpG sites that were hypermethylated with advanced age were frequently located in the distal region to genes, whereas hypomethylated sites were near to gene transcription start sites (TSS). We identified a high density of age-associated CpG changes in chromosomes 4 and 16, particularly HyperDMRs with localized clusters, the chr4 DMR cluster overlapsPGC1αlocus, a protein involved in metabolic aging and the chr16 DMR cluster overlapsRBFOX1locus, a gene implicated in neurodevelopmental disease. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the most affected genes by age were associated with development, neuron projection, differentiation and recognition, and behaviour, suggesting a potential link to the higher risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children of aged fathers.ConclusionWe identified thousands of age-related and sperm-specific epigenetic alterations. These findings provide novel insight in understanding human sperm DNA methylation dynamics during paternal aging, and the subsequently affected genes potentially related to diseases in offspring.
A retrospective study of 323 total laparoscopic hysterectomy cases for various indications and a case report treating caesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Isono Wataru , Tsuchiya Akira , Honda Michiko , Saito Ako , Tsuchiya Hiroko , Matsuyama Reiko , Fujimoto Akihisa , Kawamoto Masashi , Nishii Osamu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe application of laparoscopic surgeries has been increasing, and various uterine diseases in addition to leiomyoma/adenomyoma have become indications for total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). Therefore, data acquisition and analysis of TLH procedures, including TLH for rare uterine diseases, have become important for improving surgical procedures and patient selection. To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications of TLH, we performed a multivariate analysis of the records in our hospital.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 323 patients who underwent TLH for the treatment of leiomyoma/adenomyoma (278 cases), low-grade (pre)malignant uterine tumours (40 cases) and other rare uterine diseases (5 cases) from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. Of the rare uterine diseases, one case of caesarean scar pregnancy for which TLH was performed is introduced as a case report. To assess the effects of 11 representative factors, including patient characteristics, uterus and leiomyoma sizes, indications for TLH and others, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong the 323 cases, 20 intraoperative complications and 15 postoperative complications were reported. In the multivariate analysis, “ovarian tumour” and “heavy uterus” were positively associated and “nulliparity” was negatively associated with intraoperative complications. There were no significant risk factors for postoperative complications. The only risk factor for operative complications directly related to the resected uterus was “heavy uterus”. Therefore, we could perform TLH relatively safely for patients with other indications besides leiomyoma/adenomyoma.ConclusionsConsidering the factors detected in this analysis, the indications for TLH may be expanded. Owing to the increase in TLH for indications other than leiomyoma/adenomyoma, a more accurate determination of the treatment approach can be achieved.
Parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and its association with sex and perceptions of young people in Ethiopia, 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yalew Melaku , Adane Bezawit , Kefale Bereket , Damtie Yitayish , Arefaynie Mastewal , Wedajo Shambel , Bitew Abebayehu , Wasihun Yitbarek 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
There is no national representative and conclusive data regarding parent-young communication. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and its association with sex and perceptions of young people about its importance in Ethiopia, 2020.

Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) was used during systematic review and meta-analysis. The study included both published and gray literatures which were searched using appropriate key terms. The articles were searched from different databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Global Health, HINARI and Google scholar. Data were extracted in a Microsoft Excel sheet and STATA/SE 14 was used for meta-analysis. I2 and Egger test statistics were used to test heterogeneity and publication bias respectively.

Results
Twenty-nine articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in Ethiopia was 42.96% [95% CI: (36.91, 49.02)]. Positive perception of young people towards parent-young communication [AOR = 3.72, 95% CI: (2.87, 4.86)] and female sex [AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: (1.12, 2.34)] were significantly associated with parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues.

Conclusions
The prevalence of parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in Ethiopia was low as compared to other literatures conducted outside Ethiopia. Both perceptions of young people towards parent-young communication and sex were significantly associated with parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues. Interventions targeting males and young who had negative perceptions regarding parent-young communication should be the primary focus of the government and their parents.

Review registration
The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO International prospective of systematic reviews with a specific registration number: CRD42020161252.
The associations of eating behavior and dietary intake with metabolic syndrome in Japanese: Saku cohort baseline study
Authors:   for the Saku Cohort Study Group, Morita Akemi , Aiba Naomi , Miyachi Motohiko , Watanabe Shaw 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health concern in Japan. The effects of the relationship between eating behavior and nutritional intake on MetS remained unclear.
To evaluate nutrition’s role in preventing or exacerbating MetS, we examined the associations among eating behavior, nutritional intake, and MetS for the baseline study in the cohort subjects undergone health checkups.

Methods
Four thousand and four hundred forty-seven Japanese men and women were enrolled at the Saku Central Hospital. They received an anthropometric and clinical examination and were assessed for present illness, lifestyle factors such as physical activity, smoking, drinking, and dietary habits at the enrollment. Eating behavior was analyzed by the Sakata’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Dietary assessment was made using a brief self-administered diet history questionnaire. Two thousand and six hundred two men and 1844 women aged more than 20 were analyzed.

Results
The mean age in men and women were 59.2 and 58.4 years old and the mean body mass index (BMI) were 23.7 and 22.3 kg/m2, respectively. The percentages of MetS were 20.6 in men and 6.1 in women. In some nutrients, significantly higher energy-adjusted intakes in subjects without MetS than with Mets appeared both in men and women after age adjustment. After adjusting by age, energy-adjusted intake beverages in men and cereals in women were significantly higher in subjects with MetS than those without MetS. The scores of all the categories in eating behavior were significantly worse in subjects with MetS than those without MetS.

Conclusions
The differences in dietary intake between subjects with Mets and without Mets were relatively small. The scores of all the categories in eating behavior were worse in subjects with MetS than without MetS. It was suggested that the problem lay in the quality of diet, not in the quantity, caused by bad eating habits. The potential influence of eating behavior and nutritional intake on MetS was presented in men and women.
Hollow polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam with a 3D interconnected network for highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensors
Authors: Kim Dong Hwan , Jung Young , Jung Kyungkuk , Kwak Dong Hwa , Park Dong Min , Shin Myung Gyu , Tak Hyeong Jun , Ko Jong Soo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe propose a highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensor made of hollow polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foam with a three-dimensional network structure. The stiffness of the foam is adjusted by the viscosity of the PDMS solution. The fabricated PDMS-30 (PDMS 30 wt%) foam shows extremely high porosity (> 86%) approximately 19 times that of bare PDMS (PDMS 100 wt%) foam. Capacitive pressure sensors fabricated using the foam possess high sensitivity, good compressibility (up to 80% strain), and consistent output characteristics in a 2000-cycle test.
Changes in left ventricular electromechanical relations during targeted hypothermia
Authors: Wisløff-Aase Kristin , Kerans Viesturs , Haugaa Kristina , Halvorsen Per Steinar , Skulstad Helge , Espinoza Andreas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Targeted hypothermia, as used after cardiac arrest, increases electrical and mechanical systolic duration. Differences in duration of electrical and mechanical systole are correlated to ventricular arrhythmias. The electromechanical window (EMW) becomes negative when the electrical systole outlasts the mechanical systole. Prolonged electrical systole corresponds to prolonged QT interval, and is associated with increased dispersion of repolarization and mechanical dispersion. These three factors predispose for arrhythmias. The electromechanical relations during targeted hypothermia are unknown.
We wanted to explore the electromechanical relations during hypothermia at 33 °C. We hypothesized that targeted hypothermia would increase electrical and mechanical systolic duration without more profound EMW negativity, nor an increase in dispersion of repolarization and mechanical dispersion.

Methods
In a porcine model (n = 14), we registered electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic recordings during 38 °C and 33 °C, at spontaneous and atrial paced heart rate 100 beats/min. EMW was calculated by subtracting electrical systole; QT interval, from the corresponding mechanical systole; QRS onset to aortic valve closure. Dispersion of repolarization was measured as time from peak to end of the ECG T wave. Mechanical dispersion was calculated by strain echocardiography as standard deviation of time to peak strain.

Results
Electrical systole increased during hypothermia at spontaneous heart rate (p < 0.001) and heart rate 100 beats/min (p = 0.005). Mechanical systolic duration was prolonged and outlasted electrical systole independently of heart rate (p < 0.001). EMW changed from negative to positive value (− 20 ± 19 to 27 ± 34 ms, p = 0.001). The positivity was even more pronounced at heart rate 100 beats/min (− 25 ± 26 to 41 ± 18 ms, p < 0.001). Dispersion of repolarization decreased (p = 0.027 and p = 0.003), while mechanical dispersion did not differ (p = 0.078 and p = 0.297).

Conclusion
Targeted hypothermia increased electrical and mechanical systolic duration, the electromechanical window became positive, dispersion of repolarization was slightly reduced and mechanical dispersion was unchanged. These alterations may have clinical importance. Further clinical studies are required to clarify whether corresponding electromechanical alterations are accommodating in humans.