bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributive Conflict and Interest Group Preferences in Surplus Countries
Authors: Walter Stefanie , Ray Ari , Redeker Nils 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A key characteristic of the Eurozone crisis is that the burden of adjustment was carried almost exclusively by crisis countries. Surplus countries did not contribute to the necessary rebalancing, even though internal adjustment likely would have reduced some of the pressure on deficit states. The chapter argues that surplus countries’ resistance to internal adjustment is rooted in domestic distributive struggles about the design of possible adjustment policies. To explore this argument, original survey data is leveraged from 357 economic interest groups from Germany, Austria, and the Netherlands and qualitative interviews with interest group representatives. The chapter shows that although there is general support for internal adjustment among economic interest groups, they disagree heavily about how exactly to achieve this goal. Together with a broad consensus to avoid a breakup of the Eurozone, the resulting deadlock turned interstate financing—such as bailouts to crisis countries—into a politically attractive strategy. Rather than being rooted only in ordoliberal ideology or export orientation, distributive conflicts thus contributed significantly to surplus countries’ resistance to adjust.
Initial Conditions and Emergence of Corporate Reorganization in the United States and England
Authors: Paterson Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter is a scene-setting exercise, offering a brief and highly selective review of almost one hundred years of corporate reorganization in the US and England. It seeks to provide some explanation for the very different ways in which corporate reorganization developed in each jurisdiction. Overall, its purpose is to help to sketch out the conditions which prevailed when the account in the book really begins in the 1970s, and how they offer significant explanatory power for the way in which corporate reorganization law and practice emerges in each jurisdiction. Specifically, the chapter investigates the relatively stable corporate reorganization law and practice which prevailed in each jurisdiction for much of the twentieth century, and, in each case, the institutional logics, practices, and identities which gave rise to it.
The Rise of Leverage
Authors: Paterson Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the first of the changes in logic and practice in the fields of finance and non-financial corporates with which the book is concerned: the rise of the leveraged capital structure. It explores the implications of the leveraged capital structure for the ways in which corporate reorganization law is mobilized and adapted by the participants in the corporate reorganization process. It argues that the first step in analysing these new adaptations is to focus on the concepts which are used to describe them. It further argues that when this is done certain implications are revealed for current debates about the content and reform of US corporate reorganization law. It argues that England has had fewer problems in framing appropriate concepts for analysing the new adaptations which are under examination in the chapter. However, it hints at potential challenges for England for the future, developed later in the book.
The Rise of Trading
Authors: Paterson Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the second of the changes in logic and practice in the field of finance with which the book is concerned: the shift from hold-to-maturity debt investment strategies to trading strategies. The argument is made that the concept of collective action problems in US corporate reorganization law ought to be replaced by different concepts when the reorganization is among sophisticated, strongly adjusting financial creditors and investors and when debt trades in secondary markets. The chapter further argues that the more recent development of modern corporate reorganization law in England and Wales has enabled terms and concepts to emerge which are better adapted to traded debt markets. Overall, however, the chapter emphasizes the relationship between reduced salience of the collective action concept and a secondary market for distressed debt. It does not suggest a new, universal conceptual framework for corporate reorganization law in which the collective action concept is permanently replaced.
The Fall of the Lifetime Manager
Authors: Paterson Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores the significance of shifts in the identities of debtor firms, and of the individuals who manage them, for the concept of debtor control rights in Chapter 11. The argument is made that these changes in identities suggest reasons to question the concept of allocation of control rights to the debtor as a means of incentivizing early filing. However, the argument is made that the concept of debtor control rights is important in a different way when the purpose of the case is to deleverage a complex, leveraged capital structure. When the chapter turns to examine England, it reveals that participants in this type of reorganization case have mobilized corporate reorganization law in ways which take account of the new demands of the debtor control concept, but without bringing on board inherited ideas associated with the concept from traditional US corporate reorganization practice.
The Approach in the Book and Implications for Reform
Authors: Paterson Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
First, Chapter 10 applies the approach developed in the book to the current reform debate in the US and England. It suggests that the US reform debate has persisted in measuring the extent to which new adaptations of Chapter 11 have moved it from the way in which it was originally conceived, rather than creating new conceptual frameworks for analysing new adaptations and the case for reform. The chapter shows how this can lead to policy missteps, and the reasons for using the approach developed in the book instead. Secondly, Chapter 10 explores the ways in which the US has sought to export the original policy goals of Chapter 11, and the effect which this has had on the way in which the English reform debate is framed. Once again, it shows how a bottom-up approach, rooted in the arguments in the book, provides a more effective frame for debating the case for reform.
V.S. Naipaul, Caribbean Writing, and Caribbean Thought
Authors: Ghosh William 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This book presents a new portrait of V.S. Naipaul, one of the twentieth-century’s most controversial writers about colonialism and its aftermath, by looking at his relationship with the Caribbean, the region of his birth. It argues that whilst Naipaul presented himself as a global public intellectual—a citizen of nowhere—his writing and thought was shaped by his Caribbean intellectual formation, and his investment in Caribbean political debates. Focusing on three key forms of Caribbean writing—the novel, the historical narrative, and the travel narrative—it shows how the generic, stylistic, and formal choices of writers had great political significance. Telling the story of his creative and intellectual development at three crucial points in Naipaul’s career, it offers a new intellectual biography of its principal subject. By showing Naipaul’s crucial place in the history of Caribbean ideas, it also provides new perspectives on a number of major writers and thinkers from the region, including C.L.R. James, Eric Williams, Kamau Brathwaite, Sylvia Wynter, George Lamming, Derek Walcott, Maryse Condé, and David Scott.
Socialist Schemes and Suburban Dreams
Authors: Walker Nathaniel Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Socialist reform schemes served as the dominant venue for utopian dreaming in the first half of the 1800s. Proposals for radical shifts away from urban life emerged from the minds of famous figures such as Charles Fourier and Robert Owen, whose faith in scientific progress was matched only by their hatred of the miserable industrial slum. In addition to socialist visionaries, well-meaning politicians, bureaucrats, businessmen, and architects exhausted much labor, most of it futile, in their attempts to ameliorate the conditions of the rookeries of London and other cities, either by bringing parks into the city or by dispersing working-class residents into the meadows with railroads. Their goals were only realized on paper, where the futuristic terms of utopian architecture were also being set: glass, metal, mechanization, and the use of cosmopolitan ornamentation were placed before the reading public as the building forms of the great, green age to come.
Empires of Hygiene and Horror
Authors: Walker Nathaniel Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the popular utopian novel well established by 1875, a growing number of writers entered the scene, each offering their take on the problems of the city and the promises of high-tech suburban life. Benjamin Ward Richardson, a famous physician, made an international splash with his vision of Hygeia, a City of Health, promising to deploy green spaces and leverage new building materials to create modern, happy communities. Critics and designers responded in droves, with several rejecting Richardson’s reformed urbanism as too dense, while others committed to actually building Hygeia-inspired suburbs. The first science-fiction dystopian novels were also published in these years, prophesying monstrous, swarming metropolises where human life would be devalued by rampant materialism and pervasive artificiality. Thus, the ideal future of the happy, healthy suburb received its literary foil: the megacity of inhuman density and anonymity. The cumulative message was clear: a life in gardens is the only hope.
First-order Theory of Fields with Arbitrary Spin
Authors: Canarutto Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBy exploiting the previously exposed results in 2-spinor geometry, a general description of fields of arbitrary spin is exposed and shown to admit a first-order Lagrangian which extends the theory of Dirac spinors. The needed bundle is the fibered direct product of a symmetric ‘main sector’—carrying an irreducible representation of the angular-momentum algebra—and an induced sequence of ‘ghost sectors’. Several special cases are considered; in particular, one recovers the Bargmann-Wigner and Joos-Weinberg equations.
Quantum Bundles
Authors: Canarutto Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA quantum bundle, namely a bundle whose sections are quantum fields, is defined as a classical vector bundle tensorialised by a suitable operator algebra related to a bundle of quantum states. The fundamental differential geometric notions for quantum bundles, including tangent, vertical and jet prolongations, and connections, can be conveniently introduced in terms F-smoothness. A short introduction to anti-fields and Batalin-Vilkovisky algebra naturally fits into this scheme.
Quantum Fields
Authors: Canarutto Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe basics of a Lagrangian field theory of quantum fields are laid down by exploiting the differential geometric notions introduced through F-smoothness. Infinitesimal vertical symmetries and currents in this setting lead, in particular, to the notion of BRST symmetry. The above results are applied to a fairly detailed study of a sample gauge field theory which includes spinor fields and ghosts.
Free Quantum Fields
Authors: Canarutto Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe notion of free quantum field is thoroughly discussed in the linearised setting associated with the choice of a detector. The discussion requires attention to certain details that are often overlooked in the standard literature. Explicit expressions for generic fields, Dirac fields, gauge fields and ghost fields are laid down, as well the ensuing free-field expressions of important functionals. The relations between super-commutators of free fields and propagators, and the canonical super-commutation rules, follow from the above results.
Of Lascivious Mysticism and Other Hibernian Matters
Authors: Ferraro Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Harold Frederic’s The Damnation of Theron Ware recasts The Scarlet Letter as a Methodist minister’s romance with Catholics and fin-de-siècle intellectual Catholicism. The Reverend Theron Ware is a liberal progressive Dimmesdale update, happily married at the novel’s outset, who is assigned to a fundamentalist, anti-Catholic congregation yet comes increasingly under the spell of a trio of erudite, somewhat unorthodox Catholic leaders—one of whom, Celia Madden, the Hester Prynne update, is a single woman, seemingly independent yet Church-integrated, whose mastery of the organ and articulation of Continental aesthetics are all too provocative to be ignored. The resultant interplay between Theron’s late-century Protestant dissipation and the edgy Catholicism of Celia and her erudite comrades (one priest, one scientist) is lit in knowing commentary—religious anthropology cum wicked irony—that hangs in the air long after Theron’s hurtful sexploration comes to its merciful—mercy-filled, Angel-conducted—end. In The Damnation of Theron Ware, the Catholic-inspired, Catholic-tutored mythopoetics of Protestant self-consciousness take a mighty leap forward, in seeming lock-step with Henry Adams and in anticipation of such contemporary thinkers as Richard Rodriguez, Camille Paglia, and James T. Fisher. Religious wanderlust is seen to drive forbidden love at least as much as the original way around. And the narrative staging of Protestant wonderment and wanderlust, dramatized in terms of the Protestant-side tangle between its persisting Calvinism and emergent liberal pragmatism, takes a nasty 180-degree turn against itself, courtesy of its Catholic protagonists—though, really, of its Protestant author.
No Forgiveness in Heaven, No Forgetting in Hell
Authors: Ferraro Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 argues that the word which brings the “nasty, grim little tale” of Willa Cather’s The Professor’s House to the surface is “sin” and that the hermeneutic that makes sense of the Professor’s love-driven crisis of will is German-American Catholic. The starting point of this revisionist reading is non-controversial; The Professor’s House frames one great homosocial, alternatively domestic, putatively anti-capitalist intergenerational romance (Tom Outland’s reminiscences of his cowpoke buddy, Roddy Blake) inside another (Professor St. Peter’s idealization and idolization of Tom Outland), both of which seem to be as pure of heart—and of fluid exchange—as the pristine air and water of Outland’s Blue Mesa. But the women of the novel, especially wife Lillian and the two daughters, would seem to have a different story to tell, regarding the Professor’s investments in Outland and Outland’s retreat with Roddy and what male-male romance has in it for women—a subtext of feminist perspective and women’s values that emerges, in remarkable clarity, as if by miracle, from the fractured yet relentless Catholic insinuations of the novel: a veritable catechism of silent revelations and muted insistences beginning, in fact, with the reclamation of the discourse and provenance of sin. It comes as a surprise, then, that a novel as sophisticated in sociological inquiry, sexual wisdom, and experimental form as The Professor’s House—one of the most academically revered, or at least attended to, novels in the current modernist canon—can and does have a moral—indeed, it tests for morality.
Feast of Our Lady of Desire, Resplendent
Authors: Ferraro Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 8, revisiting Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises and taking its cue from Jake Barnes’s Catholic conscience, argues that Jake acts in recurrent if unspoken penitential redress, crafting with Lady Brett Ashley a sentimental, extramarital intimacy enabled, in part, but only in part, by his war wound. Barnes’ story entails the pilgrimage of his Anglo-American caste-mates from the monetary social economy of Paris to the buddy-buddy warmth of the borderland Pyrenees to the fully anticapitalist, extravagantly Catholic peasant Spain, where in religious festival male camaraderie is awash from spurting wine sacks and the holy spectacle of the bullfights offers truly enfleshed sacrifice—bloody, at times deadly Lady Brett, much admired and accomplished if still soul-doubting as the Goddess of resplendent desire, seeks in Pamplona to defeat the distancing worship of a Marian throne, setting her sights instead on communion with the men in the art of spectatorship (afición) only then to commingle with its great young bullfighter, Pedro Romero. Jake serves, of course, as the man in waiting to Our Lady Ashley—whereby pimp-istry and cuckoldry, requited sentiment and frustrated desire, wishful thinking and perfected intimacy dance together in lovely co-determination. In Fiedler’s broadest terms of love and death, Hemingway takes Transgression & Redemption full circle, enacting a Provençale-ization of the American imagination so thoroughly that incommensurable violative love is proven incarnate in the embodied passions of the heart but cannot be normatively domesticated—by Woman’s dictate (no children!) as much as by man’s fate—thus their blessed alt-intimacy.
The ‘dark night of the soul’ and the purification of desire
Authors: Hole Sam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines John’s account of the initial stages of the transformation of the soul in The Ascent of Mount Carmel and The Dark Night of the Soul. The appetites that dominate the untransformed soul, giving rise to the sin that permeates ordinary human existence, must be stilled and purified before the soul can be united with God—and so strong is John’s commitment to divine transcendence that this process of transformation is, he believes, best depicted as the undergoing of a process of noetic, sensual, and spiritual ‘darkness’. Yet despite this vision of the apparent human separation from God, and despite John’s insistence throughout the ascent on the negation of all desire for the created order, his account does not present a pessimistic view of the desiring self. Instead, it relentlessly sets out (by means of his own distinctive, although at root Thomist, anthropology of the sensual and spiritual faculties) the stages by which the soul is progressively transformed. This chapter traces John’s account of the purification of these desires through the two stages of the ‘dark night of the soul’, and the associated passage of the soul from meditation to contemplation. In doing so, it attends both to John’s description of the deeply ascetical performance required in the ‘active night’ and the disorienting loving graced interventions of God (a prime example of his thoughtful and complex theory of the affections) in the ‘passive night’.
Virtual Subjects
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Our task now is to talk about the types of entity which occupy the central position. What occupies that position? Given that it is evidently a self or subject which does so, the task is to say more about the nature of selves. What makes Pessoa’s heteronymic philosophy of self so fascinating is, precisely, that it stands as much opposed to both the Cartesian and the animalist pictures as it does, evidently, to the Humean account of selfhood. Heteronyms are virtual subjects. A virtual subject is an abstract entity, and there is a standard way to introduce and define abstract entities of any type. This is the method of definition by abstraction, first proposed by Gottlob Frege.
Orthonyms as Shadow Selves
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fernando Pessoa has introduced the term ‘heteronym’ for the coterie of virtual subjects whose identity he variously assumes. Within this group there is one whose name is ‘Fernando Pessoa’. When Pessoa writes about someone called ‘Fernando Pessoa’ he is employing an orthonym, and doing so precisely because within the imagined scenario he is not Fernando Pessoa. An orthonym, like a heteronym, is a virtual subject, but it is one which stands in a distinguished relationship with a simulating subject. The concept of an orthonym explains that of a literary doppelgänger.
The Reality of Subjects
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pessoa often expresses hesitation in his ability to tell what is more real and what is less, the actual or the virtual, veridical experience or dream, fact or fiction. At other times Pessoa offers something like a criterion to distinguish the imaginary from the empirical. Imagined entities are ‘one-sided’ in a manner actual entities are not. Pessoa’s view seems to be that subjects of experience are grounded (and therefore are not Cartesian souls), and that the grounding of both actual and virtual subjects is the same. The intuitive view that unsimulated subjects ground simulated ones, that Shakespeare is ‘more real’ than Hamlet, is regarded as deeply suspicious if not rejected outright. What we need is a way to make sense of the idea that subjects of experience which are simulated in imagination are no ‘less real’ than the subjects of experience in everyday life. There have, indeed, been studies which suggest that there is a functional equivalence in the two cases, such as Tamar Gendler’s studies of imaginative contagion.
Centres without Sensibility
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A fundamental claim in Pessoa’s philosophy is that selves are grounded in fields of experience. What, though, if there are no sensations? This very possibility, which seems at first sight to be wholly unavailable to Pessoa, is exactly what is countenanced by the eleventh-century Central Asian philosopher Avicenna. Avicenna says that one can imagine a human being who is created out of nothing flying through the air but having no sensory perceptions. However, there is a phenomenological field, and so a type of centrality, available even to the flying man. A positional conception of self can be grounded in the centrality of a purely cognitive phenomenology. If a purely cognitive landscape of presence is a possibility, then so too is a virtual subject, a heteronym, whose manner of experiencing is purely cognitive.
Language and the Standard Interpretation
Authors: Weiner Joan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOn the Standard Interpretation, Frege means to be giving some sort of theory of the workings of language. The interpretation is easily justified, many think, by mere reportage of the words on his pages. This chapter begins with a closer look at this reportage and shows that a great deal of the widely accepted reportage is inaccurate. The chapter goes on to exhibit problems with the Standard Interpretation. Frege’s aim is to develop, not a perfect language, but a logically perfect language—a language adequate for the expression and evaluation of inference. And, as it turns out, a language that does the work of a natural language cannot satisfy the demands that must be satisfied by a logically perfect language.
“Rasputin, Shelley, Van Gogh and Fosdick in One”
Authors: Abzug Robert H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
May returns to Union for summer classes and studies the giving of sermons with Harry Emerson Fosdick. He expands his sense of self and begins to teach at the New York YMCA. He studies Carl Jung and imagines his future in the image of Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. He then returns to do another year in East Lansing.