bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat use and movements of a large dragonfly (Odonata: Anax imperator) in a pond network
Authors: Minot Marceau , Besnard Aurélien , Husté Aurélie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Local movements of aquatic insects within the surroundings of waterbodies aim essentially to find food, mates, resting sites, or avoid predation. Distances moved are very variable among species and may also differ depending on sex or age at the intraspecific scale. Despite a large panel of studies on odonate activities near waterbodies, little is known about their movements and behaviour in the surrounding landscape matrix. This knowledge is, however, crucial to support management schemes of pond networks and allow improvement of connectivity between them.

In this study, 87 individuals of the large dragonfly Anax imperator were identified with a unique code on the wings and monitored visually on five ponds during summers 2017 and 2018. Simultaneously, 54 individuals were equipped with radio transmitters and tracked for up to 15 days.

We built Cormack Jolly Seber models to test which factors are important for movement and survival of individuals, and calculated home ranges. Additionally, we performed a step selection analysis on the telemetry data to identify the terrestrial habitats selected by A. imperator at the interface between a rural area and a suburban area in north‐western France.

A reduction of the survival rate was observed on the day immediately following capture regardless of the marking method. Individuals equipped with radio transmitters had a lower estimated daily survival (0.78; 95% confidence interval = 0.70–0.85) compared to wing‐marked individuals (0.89; 95% confidence interval = 0.85–0.92). Wing loading and age were the main variables influencing dragonfly survival for both methods.

The probability of movement between ponds was similar for both sexes, but radio‐tracking data showed that females moved significantly further away in the landscape matrix than males, with one female detected up to 1,902 m away from the release pond. Females also had a larger home range (mean 95% kernel: 50 ha) than males (mean 95% kernel: 5 ha). Reproductive behaviour of males and flying behaviour of females were positively related to air temperature. Individuals of both sexes were present on ponds more often than in all other habitats whatever their activity. High trees were the preferred place to rest when air temperatures were low, especially for females.

Overall, this study highlights the importance of integrating neighbouring trees in management schemes of ponds. It also confirms that preservation of pond networks must include on several hectares of land around ponds to meet the aquatic and terrestrial needs of amphibious organisms such as odonates. Our radio‐tracking data provide a basis for further studies on the persistence of odonate meta‐populations in fragmented landscapes.
On the inter‐ and intra‐annual variability of ecosystem evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of an oak savanna and annual grassland subjected to booms and busts in rainfall
Authors: Baldocchi Dennis , Ma Siyan , Verfaillie Joe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhether annual evapotranspiration of native ecosystems is increasing or decreasing with time as CO2 concentrations are rising, the climate is warming and rainfall experiences booms and busts, remains an unanswered question in the field of global change biology. To answer this question, we measured evapotranspiration and carbon dioxide exchange over and under an oak savanna and over an annual grassland in the Mediterranean climate of California, USA, from 2001 through 2019 with the eddy covariance method; during this 19‐year period, CO2 rose 40 ppm, air temperature increased by 1°C and annual rainfall ranged between 133 and 890 mm/year. No temporal trend in evapotranspiration or water use efficiency was observed over this time duration. Many competing positive and negative feedbacks among stomatal sensitivity to carbon dioxide concentrations, soil moisture, and vapor pressure deficit, the impact of temperature on saturation vapor pressure and access to groundwater muted the response of evapotranspiration to its changing world when integrated to the ecosystem scale and annual time steps. At the intra‐annual time scale, we found that plants transmit information on soil moisture status through their influence on the vapor pressure deficit of the atmospheric boundary layer. The inter‐annual variations in evaporative water use by the savanna and annual grassland were relatively decoupled from the booms and busts in rainfall. Instead, variations in length of growing season and access to groundwater explained much of this year‐to‐year variation in annual evapotranspiration. The access of groundwater by the oak savanna may make these ecosystems more robust in a warmer world, than was previously thought. This is a scale emergent property that needs better consideration in coupled climate‐ecosystem models.
Glossary for randomized clinical trials
Authors: Nagendrababu V. , Duncan H. F. , Pulikkotil S. J. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRandomized clinical trials are positioned at the highest level of primary clinical evidence, as they are designed to be unbiased with a reduced risk of systematic error. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was first developed in 1996 to improve the reporting quality of randomized clinical trials with updates being published subsequently. Recently, the Preferred Reporting Items for RAndomized Trials in Endodontics (PRIRATE) 2020 guidelines were developed exclusively for the field of Endodontics to address the suboptimal quality of randomized clinical trials submitted to Endodontic journals, which result in many being rejected. A principal flaw in submissions is the fact that many authors are unclear on the keys terms that should be used when developing manuscripts for publication. Clearly, authors should be aware of the most common terms used when conducting and reporting randomized clinical trials. Hence, the aim of the current paper is to present a comprehensive glossary of the terminology used in randomized clinical trials in order to assist authors when designing, executing and writing‐up randomized clinical trials.
Physical, structural, optical and gamma‐ray shielding properties of Na2O‐CdO‐Bi2O3‐B2O3 glasses
Authors: Alajerami Yasser S. , Drabold David A. , Thapa Rajendra , Sayyed M. I. , Mhareb M. H. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current study shows a new attempt to develop gamma‐ray shielding glasses. The proposed glass is a borate‐base composition modified with sodium and cadmium oxides and different concentrations of bismuth oxide. Based on the melt‐quenching technique, we prepared four glass compositions of 20NaO‐15CdO‐ (65−x)B2O3‐xBi2O3, where x = 0, 10, 20, and 30 mol%. The amorphous nature of the prepared samples was confirmed by XRD. To get more details about the structure, FTIR and UV‐Vis‐NIR were performed to characterize the prepared glasses. Moreover, we used ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to create the possible structures of the new compositions, and compared with the experimental measurements. A series of shielding parameters was investigated based on the gamma‐ray emission in the range of 0.01‐10 MeV. The results revealed an improvement of the shielding parameters with increasing of Bi2O3 content. The sample with the highest Bi2O3 (S4) has the highest Zeff and least HVL, while S1 (with no Bi2O3 content) has the lowest Zeff at all energy levels. The gamma‐ray transmission factor of the prepared glasses was compared with some commercial concretes. Finally, the new glasses especially with highest Bi2O3 are recommended to use in gamma radiation shielding facilities.
Understanding cassava varietal preferences through pairwise ranking of gari‐eba and fufu prepared by local farmer–processors
Authors: Teeken Béla , Agbona Afolabi , Bello Abolore , Olaosebikan Olamide , Alamu Emmanuel , Adesokan Michael , Awoyale Wasiu , Madu Tessy , Okoye Benjamin , Chijioke Ugo , Owoade Durodola , Okoro Maria , Bouniol Alexandre , Dufour Dominique , Hershey Clair , Rabbi Ismail , Maziya‐Dixon Busie , Egesi Chiedozie , Tufan Hale , Kulakow Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWithin communities in Osun and Imo States of Nigeria, farmer–processors grew and processed a diverse set of improved and landrace cassava varieties into the locally popular foods, gari, eba and fufu. Local and 15 main varieties were grown in a ‘mother and baby trials’ design in each state. Mother trials with three replications were processed by farmer–processors renown in their community for their processing skills. Baby trials were managed and processed by other farmer–processors. The objective was to identify food quality criteria to inform demand‐led breeding to benefit users, especially women, given their key roles in processing. Farmer–processors evaluated the overall quality of fresh roots and derived food products through pairwise comparisons. Improved varieties had higher fresh and dry root yield. Overall, landraces ranked first for quality of gari and eba, but several improved varieties were also appreciated for good quality. Landraces in Osun had higher gari yield and a higher swelling power compared to improved varieties. Colour (browning), bulk density, swelling power, solubility and water absorption capacity were the criteria most related to food product ranking by farmer–processors. Evaluation of varieties under farmer–processors’ conditions is crucial for providing guidance to breeders on critical selection criteria.
Implicit and explicit age cues influence the evaluation of job applications
Authors: Kleissner Verena , Jahn Georg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the hiring process, older job seekers are often at a disadvantage when compared to younger job seekers: They receive less callbacks to applications, less invitations to job interviews, and fewer job offers. This phenomenon has often been demonstrated by varying explicit cues such as the date of birth. Less studied, but also influential are implicit age cues (e.g., age‐stereotypic characteristics or activities in applicant profiles). Across a series of three studies, we addressed both forms of age cues in job applications. We explored the influence of explicit age information (20 years or 60 years) and implicit age profiles (age‐neutral, young, or old job‐relevant characteristics) on hiring decisions in hypothetical scenarios and tested the effect of a short anti‐discrimination prompt. Applicants’ age (i.e., the explicit age cue) reduced the hiring likelihood ratings irrespective of implicit age profiles. The implicit age profiles influenced the hypothetical hiring decisions by their age association and by the stereotypical relevance of individual characteristics (e.g., charismatic as an age‐neutral characteristic is stereotypically relevant for a leadership position). Applicants with an implicit old profile were less likely hired than applicants with an implicit young profile when the hiring goal was to increase profit and when no particular job status was specified. The anti‐discrimination prompt significantly reduced age discrimination. Ageism in the hiring process is not only a matter of explicit age cues, but also of implicit age cues. Raising awareness for ageism and prompting to disregard age could well diminish discriminatory behavior also in real hiring decisions.
Application of ensemble learning to genomic selection in chinese simmental beef cattle
Authors: Liang Mang , Miao Jian , Wang Xiaoqiao , Chang Tianpeng , An Bingxing , Duan Xinghai , Xu Lingyang , Gao Xue , Zhang Lupei , Li Junya , Gao Huijiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) using the whole‐genome molecular makers to predict genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) is revolutionizing the livestock and plant breeding. Seeking out novel strategies with higher prediction accuracy for GS has been the ultimate goal of breeders. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithms were applied to estimate the GEBVs increasingly. Although some machine learning methods have better performance in phenotype prediction, there is still considerable room for improvement. In this study, we applied an ensemble‐learning algorithm, Adaboost.RT, which integrated support vector regression (SVR), kernel ridge regression (KRR) and random forest (RF), to predict genomic breeding values of three economic traits (carcass weight, live weight, and eye muscle area) in Chinese Simmental beef cattle. Predictive accuracy measured as the Pearson correlation between the corrected phenotypes and predicted GEBVs. Moreover, we compared the reliability of SVR, KRR, RF, Adaboost.RT and GBLUP methods. The result showed that machine learning methods outperformed GBLUP, and the average improvement of four machine learning methods over the GBLUP was 12.8%, 14.9%, 5.4% and 14.4%, respectively. Among the four machine learning methods, the reliability of Adaboost.RT was comparable to KRR with higher stability. We therefore believe that the Adaboost.RT algorithm is a reliable and efficient method for GS.
LMNA functions as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the proliferation and migration ability
Authors: Liu Heng , Li Dongming , Zhou Ling , Kan Shuang , He Guozhang , Zhou Kun , Wang Liping , Chen Ming , Shu Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe role of the LMNA gene in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the associated molecular mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between LMNA and HCC. LMNA gene expression in normal tissues and corresponding tumours was evaluated and the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed. Next, the LMNA gene was knocked out in the 293T and HepG2 cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Subsequently, the proliferation, migration and colony formation rate of the two LMNA knockout cell lines were analysed. Finally, the molecular mechanism affecting the tumorigenesis due to the loss of the LMNA gene was evaluated. The results showed that the LMNA gene was abnormally expressed in many tumours, and the survival rate of the HCC patients with a high expression of the LMNA gene was significantly reduced compared with the rate in patients with a low LMNA expression. The knockout of the LMNA gene in the HCC cell line HepG2 resulted in a decreased tumorigenicity, up‐regulation of the P16 expression and down‐regulation of the CDK1 expression. These findings suggested that LMNA might function as an oncogene in HCC and provided a potential new target for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
The protective effects of MSC‐EXO against pulmonary hypertension through regulating Wnt5a/BMP signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Zhaohua , Ge LiLi , Zhang Shanshan , Wang Jue , Jiang Wen , Xin Qian , Luan Yun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes (MSC‐EXO) to protect against experimentally induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Monocrotaline (MCT)‐induced rat model of PH was successfully established by a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg MCT, 3 weeks later the animals were treated with MSC‐EXO via tail vein injection. Post‐operation, our results showed that MSC‐EXO could significantly reduce right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and the right ventricular hypertrophy index, attenuate pulmonary vascular remodelling and lung fibrosis in vivo. In vitro experiment, the hypoxia models of pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell (PASMC) were used. We found that the expression levels of Wnt5a, Wnt11, BMPR2, BMP4 and BMP9 were increased, but β‐catenin, cyclin D1 and TGF‐β1 were decreased in MSC‐EXO group as compared with MCT or hypoxia group in vivo or vitro. However, these increased could be blocked when cells were transfected with Wnt5a siRNA in vitro. Taken together, these results suggested that the mechanism of MSC‐EXO to prevent PH vascular remodelling may be via regulation of Wnt5a/BMP signalling pathway.
Long‐term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection and transanal endoscopic microsurgery for the treatment of rectal tumors
Authors: Kimura Cintia Mayumi Sakurai , Kawaguti Fabio Shiguehissa , Nahas Caio Sergio Rizkallah , Marques Carlos Frederico Sparapan , Segatelli Vanderlei , Martins Bruno Costa , de Paulo Gustavo Andrade , Cecconello Ivan , Ribeiro‐Junior Ulysses , Nahas Sergio Carlos , Maluf‐Filho Fauze 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic submucosal dissection and transanal endoscopic microsurgery are good options for the treatment of rectal adenomas and early rectal carcinomas, but whether long‐term outcomes of these procedures are comparable is not known. The aim of this study was to address this question.MethodsA retrospective single‐center study evaluating 98 consecutive procedures between June 2008 and December 2017 was performed in a tertiary cancer center. Consecutive patients who had undergone either endoscopic submucosal resection or transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal adenomas and early rectal carcinomas were evaluated, and long‐term recurrence and complication rates were compared.ResultsBoth groups were similar regarding sex, age, preoperative surgical risk, and en bloc resection rate (95.7% in the endoscopic and 100% in the surgical group, P = 0.81). Mean follow‐up period was 37.6 months. Lesions resected endoscopically were significantly larger (68.5 mm) than those resected by transanal resection (44.5 mm), P = 0.003. Curative resections occurred in 97.2% of endoscopic resections and 85.2% of the surgical ones (P = 0.04). Comparing resections that fulfilled histologic curative criteria, there were no recurrences in the endoscopic group (out of 69 cases) and two recurrences in the transanal group (8.3% of 24 cases), P = 0.06. Late complications occurred in 12.7% of endoscopic procedures and 25.9% of surgical procedures (P = 0.13).ConclusionsIn our experience, endoscopic submucosal resection seems to have advantages over transanal endoscopic microsurgery, with similar en bloc resection rate and lower rate of late complications and recurrences. Multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed to support our findings.
Effects of fiber intake on intestinal pH, transit, and predicted oral mesalamine delivery in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yao Chu K , Burgell Rebecca E , Taylor Kirstin M , Ward Mark G , Friedman Antony B , Barrett Jacqueline S , Muir Jane G , Gibson Peter R 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimLimited data are available on the effects of fermentable fiber in altering intestinal pH and transit to predict efficacy‐based delivery profiles of pH‐dependent mesalamine coatings in ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to examine regional pH and transit after acute changes in fermentable fiber intake in quiescent UC patients and their effects on drug release systems.MethodsIn a randomized, double‐blind study, 18 patients with quiescent UC and 10 healthy controls were supplied meals high (13 g) or low (≤ 2 g) in fermentable fiber and subsequently ingested a wireless pH‐motility capsule. After a ≥ 3‐day washout, they crossed over to the other diet. Measurements of intestinal pH and transit were used to predict drug release for the various pH‐dependent coatings.ResultsIncreasing fermentable fiber intake lowered overall (median 6.2 [6.1–6.7] vs low: 6.9 [range or interquartile range: 6.4–7.4]; P = 0.01) and distal pH (7.8 [7.3–8.1] vs 8.2 [8.0–8.5]; P = 0.04) in controls. In UC patients, only cecal pH was decreased (high: 5.1 [4.8–5.5] vs low: 5.5 [5.3–5.7]; P < 0.01). Colonic transit in the UC cohort varied widely after a low‐fiber intake but tended to normalize after the high fermentable fiber intake. Hypothetical coating dissolution profiles were heterogeneous in UC patients, with a multi‐matrix delayed release system having the highest likelihood of patients (20–40%) with incomplete dissolution, and predominant small intestinal dissolution predicted for Eudragit L (94% patients) and S (44–69%).ConclusionsPatients with quiescent UC have abnormalities in intestinal pH and transit in response to acute changes in fermentable fiber intake. These have potentially detrimental effects on predicted luminal release patterns of pH‐dependent 5‐aminosalicylic acid release systems.
Fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Shuang , Zou Yan , Wu Xiaxin , Bi Yaxin , Zhang Lu , Yuan Yuan , Gong Weijuan , Hayter Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo summarise and thematise fear of hypoglycaemia (FOH) in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) to provide a theoretical basis for the development of effective interventions.BackgroundFOH is common in this population and can reduce quality of life (QOL) and adversely impact upon diabetes self‐care management.DesignA systematic review.MethodsArticles published between 2000–2019 were searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and three Chinese databases (CNKI, Wan‐fang data and VIP). Eligible articles were selected using the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of all articles finally included was evaluated by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools.ResultsEighteen studies from 8654 papers were included. The sample size of each study ranged from 48–3812 subjects. FOH negatively impacted QOL, particularly psychosocial functioning, daily life and sleep quality.ConclusionsFOH is a common and serious problem for patients, leading to poor QOL. It has been suggested that psychological concerns, QOL and effective countermeasures in individuals with T1D and T2D should be taken seriously. Advanced technology should be evaluated for its benefits before being used by patients.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe review highlights that FOH negatively impacts QOL, including psychosocial factors, daily life and sleep quality. Healthcare providers should develop targeted and professional assessment tools for FOH and QOL for patients with T2D, especially for patients who are about 60 years old. Advanced technology should be evaluated for its benefits before being used by patients.