bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paint it black: Efficacy of increased wind turbine rotor blade visibility to reduce avian fatalities
Authors: May Roel , Nygård Torgeir , Falkdalen Ulla , Åström Jens , Hamre Øyvind , Stokke Bård G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs wind energy deployment increases and larger wind‐power plants are considered, bird fatalities through collision with moving turbine rotor blades are expected to increase. However, few (cost‐) effective deterrent or mitigation measures have so far been developed to reduce the risk of collision. Provision of “passive” visual cues may enhance the visibility of the rotor blades enabling birds to take evasive action in due time. Laboratory experiments have indicated that painting one of three rotor blades black minimizes motion smear (Hodos 2003, Minimization of motion smear: Reducing avian collisions with wind turbines). We tested the hypothesis that painting would increase the visibility of the blades, and that this would reduce fatality rates in situ, at the Smøla wind‐power plant in Norway, using a Before–After–Control–Impact approach employing fatality searches. The annual fatality rate was significantly reduced at the turbines with a painted blade by over 70%, relative to the neighboring control (i.e., unpainted) turbines. The treatment had the largest effect on reduction of raptor fatalities; no white‐tailed eagle carcasses were recorded after painting. Applying contrast painting to the rotor blades significantly reduced the collision risk for a range of birds. Painting the rotor blades at operational turbines was, however, resource demanding given that they had to be painted while in‐place. However, if implemented before construction, this cost will be minimized. It is recommended to repeat this experiment at other sites to ensure that the outcomes are generic at various settings.
Local adaptation to herbivory within tropical tree species along a rainfall gradient
Authors: Muehleisen Andrew J. , Engelbrecht Bettina M. J. , Jones Frank Andrew , Manzané‐Pinzón Eric , Comita Liza S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn tropical forests, insect herbivores exert significant pressure on plant populations. Adaptation to such pressure is hypothesized to be a driver of high tropical diversity, but direct evidence for local adaptation to herbivory in tropical forests is sparse. At the same time, herbivore pressure has been hypothesized to increase with rainfall in the tropics, which could lead to differences among sites in the degree of local adaptation. To assess the presence of local adaptation and its interaction with rainfall, we compared herbivore damage on seedlings of local vs. nonlocal populations at sites differing in moisture availability in a reciprocal transplant experiment spanning a rainfall gradient in Panama. For 13 native tree species, seeds collected from multiple populations along the rainfall gradient were germinated in a shadehouse and then transplanted to experimental sites within the species range. We tracked the proportion of seedlings attacked over 1.5 yr and quantified the percentage of leaf area damaged at the end of the study. Seedlings originating from local populations were less likely to be attacked and experienced lower amounts of herbivore damage than those from nonlocal populations, but only on the wetter end of the rainfall gradient. However, overall herbivore damage was higher at the drier site compared to wetter sites, contrary to expectation. Taken together, these findings support the idea that herbivory can result in local adaptation within tropical tree species; however, the likelihood of local adaptation varies among sites because of environmentally driven differences in investment in defense or herbivore specialization or both.
iNKT cells with high PLZF expression are recruited into the lung via CCL21‐CCR7 signaling to facilitate the development of asthma tolerance in mice
Authors: Feng Xintong , Zhao Caiqi , Li Ling , Feng Jingjing , He Wei , Shi Tianyun , Li Na , Jie Zhijun , Su Xiao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEstablishment of immune tolerance is crucial to protect humans against asthma. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) is an emerging suppressor of inflammatory responses. CCL21‐CCR7 signaling mediates tolerance development. However, whether PLZF and CCL21‐CCR7 are required for the development of asthma tolerance is unknown. Here, we found that Zbtb16 (coding PLZF) and Ccl21 were upregulated in OVA‐induced asthma tolerance (OT) lungs by RNA‐seq. PLZF physically interacted with GATA3 and its expression was higher in GATA3+ Th2 cells and ILC2s in OT lungs. Zbtb16‐knockdown in lymphocytes promoted the differentiation of CD3e+CD4+ T cells, particularly those producing IL‐4 and IL‐5. Moreover, iNKT cells with high expression of PLZF were recruited into the lungs via draining lymph nodes during tolerance. Blockade of CCL21‐CCR7 signaling in OT mice decreased the PLZF+ cell population, abolished CCR7‐induced PLZF+ iNKT recruitment to the lungs, enhanced Th2responses and exacerbated lung pathology. In OT mice, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection impeded PLZF+ cell and CCR7+PLZF+ iNKT cellrecruitment to the lungs and increased airway resistance. Collectively, these results indicate that PLZF could interact with GATA3 and restrain differentiation of IL‐4‐ and IL‐5‐producing T cells, iNKT cells with high PLZF expression are recruited to the lungs via CCL21‐CCR7 signaling to facilitate the development of asthma tolerance.
Group evaluations as self‐group distancing: Ingroup typicality moderates evaluative intergroup bias in stigmatized groups
Authors: Essien Iniobong , Otten Sabine , Degner Juliane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOutgroup favoritism among members of stigmatized groups can be seen as a form of self‐group distancing. We examined how intergroup evaluations in stigmatized groups vary as a function of ingroup typicality. In Studies 1 and 2, Black participants (N = 125,915; N = 766) more strongly preferred light‐skinned or White relative to dark‐skinned or Black individuals the lighter their own skin tone. In Study 3, overweight participants (N = 147,540) more strongly preferred normal‐weight relative to overweight individuals the lower their own body weight. In Study 4, participants with disabilities (N = 35,058) more strongly preferred non‐disabled relative to disabled individuals the less visible they judged their own disability. Relationships between ingroup typicality and intergroup evaluations were at least partially mediated by ingroup identification (Studies 2 and 3). A meta‐analysis across studies yielded an average effect size of r = .12. Furthermore, higher ingroup typicality was related to both ingroup and outgroup evaluations. We discuss ingroup typicality as an individual constraint to self‐group distancing among stigmatized group members and its relation to intergroup evaluations.
Enhancement of Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction Current by an Electrode Modified with Hybrid Polymer/Silica Particles and N,N‐diethyl‐N‐(2‐methoxy‐ethyl)‐N‐methylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
Authors: Takahashi Shigehiro , Sato Katsuhiko , Umeda Riho , Nishizawa Misaki , Kamijo Toshio , Morinaga Takashi , Suzuki Iwao , Sato Takaya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical reaction of H2O2 was promoted by an electrode modified with N,N‐diethyl‐N‐(2‐methoxy‐ethyl)‐N‐methylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (DEME‐TFSI) and hybrid polymer/silica particles, which consisted of an ionic liquid‐type polymer brush decorated with silica particles (PSiP). The electrode was prepared by dropping an acetonitrile solution of homogeneously dispersed PSiPs and DEME‐TFSI on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode and drying. During cyclic voltammetry in the presence of 3.0 mM H2O2, the reduction current at −0.400 mV increased from 0.9 to 3.3 μA compared with the unmodified GC electrode, demonstrating that the electrochemical reduction of H2O2 was promoted on the PSiP/DEME‐TFSI‐modified electrode.
Influence of seismic strain rates on the co‐ and post‐seismic response of civil engineering buildings
Authors: Astorga Ariana , Guéguen Philippe 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe elastic properties of buildings change during earthquakes. In particular, fundamental frequencies are observed to shift rapidly during the co‐seismic phase and to recover slowly once the strong motion has finished. Although the frequency shift is usually correlated with loading amplitude, the co‐seismic frequency variations observed in real structures are not only determined by the absolute amplitude of the strain value. In order to interpret the uncertainties of the prediction of engineering demand parameters for a given intensity measure, we analyze the influence of loading rates (i.e., strain rates) on resonance frequency variations in buildings with different structural states during the loading and unloading phases caused by seismic events. Our observations suggest the existence of a strain rate threshold that activates the nonlinear response of the structure, characterizing the activation of cracking and indicating a strong nexus between the elastic structural response, structural state, and the loading process.
Pressure reduction mechanism and effect of working face passing through abandoned roadway by roof presplit
Authors: Du Yunlou , Feng Guorui , Zhang Yujiang , Zhang Xihong , Zhai Yingda , Bai Jinwen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to the existence of abandoned roadways in the thick coal seam, the ground pressure would increase greatly due to the roof advanced breaking when the working face passed through the affected area of abandoned roadways. In order to solve this problem, a solution for roof presplit in the abandoned roadway was proposed. Based on the mining and geological conditions of Huasheng Hufeng coal mine, the roof vertical stress and vertical displacement with different roof presplit distance were analyzed by using FLAC3D numerical software. The research results indicated that the roof vertical stress and vertical displacement could be reduced effectively by roof presplit. When the roof presplit distance was 15 m, the maximum vertical stress and the maximum vertical displacement were both minimum. The maximum vertical stress was reduced by 14.55% and the maximum vertical displacement was reduced by 37.51% after roof presplit. The reasonable roof presplit distance of the working face was determined to be about 15 m by combining theoretical and numerical analysis. The engineering application results indicated that the maximum working resistance of the hydraulic support was reduced by 35.86% after roof presplit, and the engineering effect was good. The research results can provide technical guidance and theoretical support for the same type mines.
A new method for identifying fractures in tight sandstone of a gentle structural area using well logs
Authors: Guo Qing , Wang Xuanyi , Qu Le 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we conducted a systematic study on the development characteristics and logging prediction of fractures of the Upper Paleozoic tight gas sandstone reservoirs in the eastern Ordos Basin. A new fracture prediction method was proposed based on the variable scale fracture probabilistic model. The calculation steps of this method were as follows: First, the sensitivity of each conventional log series to the tight sandstone fractures was analyzed. It was found that acoustic time difference (AC), density (DEN), natural gamma ray (GR), and deep investigate double lateral resistivity (RD) have good log responses to fractures. Then, the ratio of the range (R) to the standard deviation (S) of the log data was obtained. Finally, the second derivatives of the log series AC, DEN, GR, and RD were calculated, and a new fracture index was constructed (integrated second derivative, FC) using the multiple regression method. The fracture recognition rates of this method are distributed in 64.3%‐85.7%. Therefore, the constructed integrated second derivative (FC) based on conventional logs is effective to quantitatively characterize the fracture development of tight sandstone.
POV remediation agents: α‐ketoglutarate salts and the treatment of citrus oils and citrus‐based model fragrances
Authors: Calandra Michael J. , Wang Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is known that many terpenes can autoxidize under certain conditions to form terpene hydroperoxides, which have been reported to be contact allergens in dermatological clinics. The fragrance industry currently controls terpene hydroperoxide levels in many raw materials by iodometric titration (also known as the peroxide value or POV test) and rejects lots that exceed a specification limit. Previously, we have reported that pyruvic acid and its salts can be used to lower terpene hydroperoxide levels in citrus oils by an oxidative decarboxylation reaction, thus lowering the POV. However, both pyruvic acid and the by‐product acetic acid have strong aromas that are not compatible with citrus oils or other fragrances. For this reason, α‐ketoglutaric acid and its salts were tested. They were found to be highly effective and rapid at POV reduction in citrus oils and citrus‐based model fragrances. Both α‐ketoglutaric acid and the by‐product succinic acid are odourless; they are also both Krebs cycle intermediates, so there is practically no risk of systemic toxicity at relevant use levels.
Nonstereoselective dissipation of sulfoxaflor in different Puer tea processing
Authors: Liu Hongcheng , Jiang MingMing , Li Qiwan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe stereoisomer behavior of sulfoxaflor was investigated by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) during raw Puer tea, ripen Puer tea, and sun‐dry Puer tea processing. The persistence of sulfoxaflor stereoisomers was consistently prolonged with different Puer tea processing from sun‐dry Puer tea, ripen Puer tea to raw Puer tea with t1/2 4.0–4.2 hr (sun‐dry Puer tea) to 6.21–7.04 months (raw Puer tea). Three fermentation temperature in ripen Puer tea shown that the sulfoxaflor residue was easy to degrade under low fermentation temperature (37°C). It implied that enzyme catalysis may play an important role in degradation of sulfoxaflor. The no‐enantioselective dissipation of sulfoxaflor was found in different Puer tea processing.
Evaluation of the bioprotectivity of Lactobacillus binary/ternary cultures in yogurt
Authors: Fayyaz Nasrin , Shahidi Fakhri , Roshanak Sahar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe attempts toward addition of biocontrol agents in dairy products have gained popularity. Here, we worked on analysing the antifungal activity of binary and ternary combinations of three Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) against five spoilage yeasts in yogurt. The yogurt samples were characterized in terms of pH, acidity, WHC, textural parameters, viscosity, survivability and antifungal activity of LAB and sensorial properties during cold storage. The results showed that the inoculation of LAB in yogurt gave rise in significant reduction of pH throughout cold storage while titrable acidity and WHC decreased (p < .05). Inoculation of LAB resulted in significant increase in hardness and adhesiveness while springiness remained constant. On the other hand, apparent viscosity of all samples experienced a profound increase up to the 10th day of storage followed by a reduction trend for the rest of storage period. Analysis of inhibitory activity of LAB showed an efficient barrier against all five yeasts, in which the most activity was recorded for Lactobacillus reuteri followed by Lactobacillus acidophilus. On the other hand, the most resistance yeast was Kluyveromyces marxianus followed by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Sensorial analysis revealed that addition of LAB in yogurt brought about a profound improvement in textural quality of samples. Inoculation of LAB cultures in yogurt at 5% (v/v) not only could improve the physicochemical and sensorial properties of yogurt, but also could introduce a strategy toward substituting of chemical preservatives with biocontrol agents.
Constructal view of the long lots system
Authors: Périn Stephen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe long lots system, also known as the ribbons farming system, is a historical land use pattern, which can be encountered in some specific regions of the world, including in North America, both in the Nouvelle‐France, and in the New‐Mexico regions. In this paper, we show that, in the late 1990s, the first publications on Constructal Theory, which discussed topics such as urban street patterns or airport systems design, already contained the principles underlying the emergence of the man‐made long lots system, but had not yet been linked to land use patterns such as the ribbons farming system. We show that this farming pattern is driven by the Constructal Law. It leads to land use geometries similar, at a human scale, to computer cooling systems. In brief, like many natural designs, the long lots system emerges as a “urge to organize” under local and global constraints specific to the economy of agricultural products trade, and according to the Constructal Law of evolving flow systems. The design of long lots systems can thus be viewed as a historical precursor of the Constructal Design approach, an approach worth considering in the design of sustainable cities.
Practical two‐photon‐absorption cross sections and spectra of eosin and hematoxylin
Authors: Parravicini Jacopo , Tomaselli Alessandra , Hasani Elton , Tomassini Daniela , Manfredi Norberto , Tartara Luca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe experimentally investigate the two‐photon absorption cross sections and spectra of eosin and hematoxylin for applications in nonlinear microscopy. The experiments are carried out on pure samples of the two dyes in DI‐water solvent with different concentrations, in the typical range employed in standard staining procedures. Nonlinear fluorescence is excited by a line‐shaped beam emitted by a Ti:Sapphire mode‐locked laser in the wavelength range from 740 to 880 nm and is detected through a microscope setup. The two‐photon absorption spectral response is systematically analyzed and discussed. Finally, the staining is applied on biological tissue samples, which are imaged by two‐photon microscopy. Our results show that the employed dyes are fully suitable for applications in nonlinear imaging.
MAGI2‐AS3 inhibits breast cancer by downregulating DNA methylation of MAGI2
Authors: Xu Xiaolong , Yuan Xiaoning , Ni Jiali , Guo Jing , Gao Yang , Yin Weinan , Li Feng , Wei Lei , Zhang Jingwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most threatening diseases for women. Long noncoding RNAs were reported to be involved in breast cancer development. In this study, we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer tissue high‐throughput sequencing data and screened and validated the low‐expressing long noncoding RNA named MAGI2‐AS3. Through gene coexpression analysis, we found that MAGI2‐AS3 has a good expression correlation with MAGI2. Overexpression of MAGI2‐AS3 or MAGI2 in breast cancer cells MCF‐7 would inhibit the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and inhibit cell proliferation and migration. Gene structure and DNA methylation analysis results indicated that MAGI2‐AS3 may act as a cis‐acting regulatory element downregulating the DNA methylation level of the MAGI2 promoter region, and the DNA demethylase TET1 inhibitor can reverse MAGI2‐AS3 overexpression caused upregulation of MAGI2 and cellular effects. Our findings reveal the role of MAGI2‐AS3 in breast cancer and provide potential novel therapeutic targets for metastatic breast cancer intervention.
Site‐specific contribution of Toll‐like receptor 4 to intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory disease
Authors: Bruning Elise E. , Coller Janet K. , Wardill Hannah R. , Bowen Joanne M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractToll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a highly conserved protein of innate immunity, responsible for the regulation and maintenance of homeostasis, as well as immune recognition of external and internal ligands. TLR4 is expressed on a variety of cell types throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including on epithelial and immune cell populations. In a healthy state, epithelial cell expression of TLR4 greatly assists in homeostasis by shaping the host microbiome, promoting immunoglobulin A production, and regulating follicle‐associated epithelium permeability. In contrast, immune cell expression of TLR4 in healthy states is primarily centred on the maturation of dendritic cells in response to stimuli, as well as adequately priming the adaptive immune system to fight infection and promote immune memory. Hence, in a healthy state, there is a clear distinction in the site‐specific roles of TLR4 expression. Similarly, recent research has indicated the importance of site‐specific TLR4 expression in inflammation and disease, particularly the impact of epithelial‐specific TLR4 on disease progression. However, the majority of evidence still remains ambiguous for cell‐specific observations, with many studies failing to provide the distinction of epithelial versus immune cell expression of TLR4, preventing specific mechanistic insight and greatly impacting the translation of results. The following review provides a critical overview of the current understanding of site‐specific TLR4 activity and its contribution to intestinal/immune homeostasis and inflammatory diseases.
Long‐term outcome of liver resection for colorectal metastases in the presence of extrahepatic disease: A multi‐institutional Japanese study
Authors: Sawada Yu , Sahara Kota , Endo Itaru , Sakamoto Katsunori , Honda Goro , Beppu Toru , Kotake Kenjiro , Yamamoto Masakazu , Takahashi Keiichi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Itabashi Michio , Hashiguchi Yojiro , Kotera Yoshihito , Kobayashi Shin , Yamaguchi Tatsuro , Tabuchi Ken , Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Yamaguchi Kensei , Morita Satoshi , Natsume Soichiro , Miyazaki Masaru , Sugihara Kenichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeThe purpose of the present study was to assess long‐term outcomes following liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) with concurrent extrahepatic disease and to identify the preoperative prognostic factors for selection of operative candidates.MethodsIn this retrospective, multi‐institutional study, 3820 patients diagnosed with CRLM during 2005–2007 were identified using nationwide survey data. Data of identified patients with concurrent extrahepatic lesions were analyzed to estimate the impact of liver resection on overall survival (OS) and to identify preoperative, prognostic indicators.ResultsThree‐ and 5‐year OS rates after liver resection in 251 CRLM patients with extrahepatic disease (lung, n = 116; lymph node, n = 51; peritoneal, n = 37; multiple sites, n = 23) were 50.2% and 32.0%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that a primary tumor in the right colon, lymph node metastasis from the primary tumor, serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 level >37 UI/mL, the site of extrahepatic disease, and residual liver tumor after hepatectomy were associated with higher mortality. We proposed a preoperative risk scoring system based on these factors that adequately discriminated 5‐year OS after liver resection in training and validation datasets.ConclusionsPerforming R0 liver resection for colorectal liver metastases with treatable extrahepatic disease may prolong survival. Our proposed scoring system may help select appropriate candidates for liver resection.