bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical role of endothelial cell protein C receptor in the intestinal homeostasis in experimental colitis
Authors: Kondreddy Vijay , Keshava Shiva , Esmon Charles T. , Pendurthi Usha R. , Rao L. Vijaya Mohan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCrohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two forms of disorders of the human inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiologies. Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) is a multifunctional and multiligand receptor, which is expressed on the endothelium and other cell types, including epithelial cells. Here, we report that EPCR is expressed in the colon epithelial cells, CD11c+, and CD21+/CD35+ myeloid cells surrounding the crypts in the colon mucosa. EPCR expression was markedly decreased in the colon mucosa during colitis. The loss of EPCR appeared to associate with increased disease index of the experimental colitis in mice. EPCR−/− mice were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, manifested by increased weight loss, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissue. DSS treatment of EPCR−/− mice resulted in increased bleeding, bodyweight loss, anemia, fibrin deposition, and loss of colon epithelial and goblet cells. Administration of coagulant factor VIIa significantly attenuated the DSS-induced colon length shortening, rectal bleeding, bodyweight loss, and disease activity index in the wild-type mice but not EPCR−/− mice. In summary, our data provide direct evidence that EPCR plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammation in the colon during colitis.
Terbium(III)-thiacalix[4]arene nanosensor for highly sensitive intracellular monitoring of temperature changes within the 303–313 K range
Authors: Zairov Rustem R. , Dovzhenko Alexey P. , Sapunova Anastasiia S. , Voloshina Alexandra D. , Sarkanich Kirill A. , Daminova Amina G. , Nizameev Irek R. , Lapaev Dmitry V. , Sudakova Svetlana N. , Podyachev Sergey N. , Petrov Konstantin A. , Vomiero Alberto , Mustafina Asiya R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe work introduces hydrophilic PSS-[Tb2(TCAn)2] nanoparticles to be applied as highly sensitive intracellular temperature nanosensors. The nanoparticles are synthesized by solvent-induced nanoprecipitation of [Tb2(TCAn)2] complexes (TCAn - thiacalix[4]arenes bearing different upper-rim substituents: unsubstituted TCA1, tert-buthyl-substituted TCA2, di- and tetra-brominated TCA3 and TCA4) with the use of polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) as stabilizer. The temperature responsive luminescence behavior of PSS-[Tb2(TCAn)2] within 293–333 K range in water is modulated by reversible changes derived from the back energy transfer from metal to ligand (M* → T1) correlating with the energy gap between the triplet levels of ligands and resonant 5D4 level of Tb3+ ion. The lowering of the triplet level (T1) energies going from TCA1 and TCA2 to their brominated counterparts TCA3 and TCA4 facilitates the back energy transfer. The highest ever reported temperature sensitivity for intracellular temperature nanosensors is obtained for PSS-[Tb2(TCA4)2] (SI = 5.25% K−1), while PSS-[Tb2(TCA3)2] is characterized by a moderate one (SI = 2.96% K−1). The insignificant release of toxic Tb3+ ions from PSS-[Tb2(TCAn)2] within heating/cooling cycle and the low cytotoxicity of the colloids point to their applicability in intracellular temperature monitoring. The cell internalization of PSS-[Tb2(TCAn)2] (n = 3, 4) marks the cell cytoplasm by green Tb3+-luminescence, which exhibits detectable quenching when the cell samples are heated from 303 to 313 K. The colloids hold unprecedented potential for in vivo intracellular monitoring of temperature changes induced by hyperthermia or pathological processes in narrow range of physiological temperatures.
Experimental sleep loss, racial bias, and the decision criterion to shoot in the Police Officer’s Dilemma task
Authors: Scullin Michael K. , Hebl Michelle R. , Corrington Abby , Nguyen Stacy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractViolent behavior, police brutality, and racial discrimination are currently at the forefront of society’s attention, and they should be. We investigated whether mild sleep loss—as typical for many adults throughout the work week—could aggravate the socio-emotional-cognitive processes contributing to violence and discrimination. In a sample of 40 healthy young adults, we either experimentally restricted participants’ sleep for four nights (6.2 h/night) or let participants obtain normal sleep (7.7 h/night)—and then had them complete the Police Officer’s Dilemma Task. In this computerized task, the participant must rapidly decide to shoot or not shoot at White and Black men who either are or are not holding a gun. Results showed significant racial biases, including more and quicker shooting of Black targets compared to White targets. Furthermore, signal detection analyses demonstrated that mild sleep restriction changed participants’ decision criterion, increasing the tendency to shoot, even when controlling for psychomotor vigilance, fluid intelligence, and self-reported desirability to behave in a socially acceptable manner. The increased tendency to shoot was also observed in participants who reported believing that they had adapted to the sleep loss. Future experimental research using trained police officers will help establish the generalizability of these laboratory effects. Importantly, sleep loss is modifiable via organization-level changes (e.g., shift scheduling, light entrainment) and individual-level interventions (e.g., sleep hygiene education, incentives for behavioral change), suggesting that if sleep loss is corrected, it could save lives—including Black lives.
Global phylogeography suggests extensive eucosmopolitanism in Mesopelagic Fishes (Maurolicus: Sternoptychidae)
Authors: Rees David J. , Poulsen Jan Y. , Sutton Tracey T. , Costa Paulo A. S. , Landaeta Mauricio F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFishes in the mesopelagic zone (200–1000 m) have recently been highlighted for potential exploitation. Here we assess global phylogeography in Maurolicus, the Pearlsides, an ecologically important group. We obtained new sequences from mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS-2 from multiple locations worldwide, representing 10 described species plus an unknown central South Pacific taxon. Phylogenetic analyses identified five geographically distinct groupings, three of which comprise multiple described species. Species delimitation analyses suggest these may represent four species. Maurolicus muelleri and M. australis are potentially a single species, although as no shared haplotypes are found between the two disjunct groups, we suggest maintenance of these as two species. Maurolicus australis is a predominantly southern hemisphere species found in the Pacific, Indian and southern South Atlantic Oceans, comprising five previously allopatric species. M. muelleri (previously two species) is distributed in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Maurolicus weitzmani (previously two species) inhabits the eastern equatorial Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and western North and South Atlantic. Maurolicus mucronatus is restricted to the Red Sea. No Maurolicus have previously been reported in the central South Pacific but we have identified a distinct lineage from this region, which forms a sister group to Maurolicus from the Red Sea.
Top influencers can be identified universally by combining classical centralities
Authors: Bucur Doina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInformation flow, opinion, and epidemics spread over structured networks. When using node centrality indicators to predict which nodes will be among the top influencers or superspreaders, no single centrality is a consistently good ranker across networks. We show that statistical classifiers using two or more centralities are instead consistently predictive over many diverse, static real-world topologies. Certain pairs of centralities cooperate particularly well in drawing the statistical boundary between the superspreaders and the rest: a local centrality measuring the size of a node’s neighbourhood gains from the addition of a global centrality such as the eigenvector centrality, closeness, or the core number. Intuitively, this is because a local centrality may rank highly nodes which are located in locally dense, but globally peripheral regions of the network. The additional global centrality indicator guides the prediction towards more central regions. The superspreaders usually jointly maximise the values of both centralities. As a result of the interplay between centrality indicators, training classifiers with seven classical indicators leads to a nearly maximum average precision function (0.995) across the networks in this study.
Split drive killer-rescue provides a novel threshold-dependent gene drive
Authors: Edgington Matthew P. , Harvey-Samuel Tim , Alphey Luke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA wide range of gene drive mechanisms have been proposed that are predicted to increase in frequency within a population even when they are deleterious to individuals carrying them. This also allows associated desirable genetic material (“cargo genes”) to increase in frequency. Gene drives have garnered much attention for their potential use against a range of globally important problems including vector borne disease, crop pests and invasive species. Here we propose a novel gene drive mechanism that could be engineered using a combination of toxin-antidote and CRISPR components, each of which are already being developed for other purposes. Population genetics mathematical models are developed here to demonstrate the threshold-dependent nature of the proposed system and its robustness to imperfect homing, incomplete penetrance of toxins and transgene fitness costs, each of which are of practical significance given that real-world components inevitably have such imperfections. We show that although end-joining repair mechanisms may cause the system to break down, under certain conditions, it should persist over time scales relevant for genetic control programs. The potential of such a system to provide localised population suppression via sex ratio distortion or female-specific lethality is also explored. Additionally, we investigate the effect on introduction thresholds of adding an extra CRISPR base element, showing that this may either increase or decrease dependent on parameter context.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) total RNA against ETEC challenge in a mouse model
Authors: Liu Mandi , Zhang Yue , Zhang Di , Bai Yun , Liu Guomei , Li Pei , Li Jianguo , Li Yan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC), an essential cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets, leads to significant economic losses to the pig industry. The present study aims to identify the role of ETEC total RNA in eliciting immune responses to protect animals against ETEC infection. The results showed that the total RNA isolated from pig-derived ETEC K88ac strain effectively stimulated the IL-1β secretion of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The mouse model immunized with ETEC total RNA via intramuscular injection (IM) or oral route (OR) was used to evaluate the protective efficiency of the ETEC total RNA. The results suggested that 70 μg ETEC total RNA administered by either route significantly promoted the production of the serum IL-1β and K88ac specific immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA). Besides, the ETEC RNA administration augmented strong mucosal immunity by elevating K88ac specific IgA level in the intestinal fluid. Intramuscularly administered RNA induced a Th1/Th2 shift toward a Th2 response, while the orally administered RNA did not. The ETEC total RNA efficiently protected the animals against the ETEC challenge either by itself or as an adjuvant. The histology characterization of the small intestines also suggested the ETEC RNA administration protected the small intestinal structure against the ETEC infection. Particularly of note was that the immunity level and protective efficacy caused by ETEC RNA were dose-dependent. These findings will help understand the role of bacterial RNA in eliciting immune responses, and benefit the development of RNA-based vaccines or adjuvants.
Label-free X-ray estimation of brain amyloid burden
Authors: Dahal Eshan , Ghammraoui Bahaa , Ye Meijun , Smith J. Carson , Badano Aldo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmyloid plaque deposits in the brain are indicative of Alzheimer’s and other diseases. Measurements of brain amyloid burden in small animals require laborious post-mortem histological analysis or resource-intensive, contrast-enhanced imaging techniques. We describe a label-free method based on spectral small-angle X-ray scattering with a polychromatic beam for in vivo estimation of brain amyloid burden. Our findings comparing 5XFAD versus wild-type mice correlate well with histology, showing promise for a fast and practical in vivo technique.
Fecal calprotectin in healthy children aged 4–16 years
Authors: Roca María , Rodriguez Varela Ana , Carvajal Eva , Donat Ester , Cano Francisco , Armisen Ana , Vaya Maria Jose , Ekoff Helena , Hervas David , Rydell Niclas , Ribes-Koninckx Carmen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReference values of fecal calprotectin (fCP) have not been convincingly established in children. We aimed to investigate fCP concentrations in a larger population of healthy children aged 4–16 years to analyze more in depth the behavior of fCP in this age range and to determine if cut-off levels could be conclusively recommended. A prospective study was conducted to investigate fCP concentrations of healthy children aged 4–16 years. In 212 healthy children, the median and 95th percentile for fCP were 18.8 mg/kg and 104.5 mg/kg, respectively. We found a statistically significant association between the 95th percentile of fCP concentrations and age (p < 0.001). We propose a nomogram to facilitate the interpretation of fCP results in children aged 4–16 years. Further studies are required to validate the proposed values in clinical practice.
Identifying chromatin features that regulate gene expression distribution
Authors: Zhang Thanutra , Foreman Robert , Wollman Roy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGene expression variability, differences in the number of mRNA per cell across a population of cells, is ubiquitous across diverse organisms with broad impacts on cellular phenotypes. The role of chromatin in regulating average gene expression has been extensively studied. However, what aspects of the chromatin contribute to gene expression variability is still underexplored. Here we addressed this problem by leveraging chromatin diversity and using a systematic investigation of randomly integrated expression reporters to identify what aspects of chromatin microenvironment contribute to gene expression variability. Using DNA barcoding and split-pool decoding, we created a large library of isogenic reporter clones and identified reporter integration sites in a massive and parallel manner. By mapping our measurements of reporter expression at different genomic loci with multiple epigenetic profiles including the enrichment of transcription factors and the distance to different chromatin states, we identified new factors that impact the regulation of gene expression distributions.
Inquiry for the multifunctional design of metal–organic frameworks: in situ equipping additional open metal sites (OMSs) inducing high CO2 capture/conversion abilities
Authors: Jia Mingwei , Li Jiantang , Gu Jiaming , Zhang Lirong , Liu Yunling 
Published: November 2020

On the basis of in situ fabricating multifunctional MOFs, a binuclear Co-MOF with open cobalt sites was accomplished. The multifunctional sites afforded increased CO2 uptake, together with the synergistic catalysis in promoting the CO2 conversion.
Challenging Atroposelective C–H Arylation
Authors: Wencel-Delord Joanna , Colobert Françoise 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAtropisomeric molecules are privileged scaffolds, not only as ligands for asymmetric synthesis, but also as biologically active products and advanced materials. Although very attractive from a sustainability viewpoint, the direct construction of the stereogenic axis through asymmetric C–H arylation is very challenging and consequently only a few examples have been reported. This short review summarizes these very recent results on the atropo-enantio or diastereo­selective synthesis of atropisomeric (hetero)biaryl molecules; transformations during which the Ar–Ar atropisomeric axis is formed during the C–H activation process.1	Introduction2	Atropo-enantioselective Intermolecular Pd-Catalyzed C–H	Arylation of Thiophene Derivatives3	Atropodiastereoselective Intermolecular Pd-Catalyzed C–H	Arylation towards Terphenyl Scaffolds Bearing Two Atropisomeric	Axes4	Atropo-enantioselective Intramolecular Pd-Catalyzed C–H	Arylation towards Atropisomeric Benzodiazepinones5	Atropo-enantioselective Intermolecular Pd-Catalyzed C–H	Arylation of Heteroarenes6	Rh-Catalyzed Atropo-enantioselective C–H Arylation of	Diazonaphthoquinones7	Conclusion
A cultural linguistic analysis of Swahili body metaphors
Authors: Tramutoli Rosanna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study describes the relationship between language, culture and conceptualization, considering in particular the
embodied cultural metaphors of ‘heart’ and ‘liver’. The recent study by Kraska-Szlenk (2014) on
the semantic analysis of Swahili body terminology has demonstrated that moyo (heart) has a prominent role in the
conceptualization of numerous emotional states, with several different metaphorical meanings (e.g., love, generosity, will). However, from a
diachronic perspective, ini (liver) is equally important for the metaphorical expression of emotions or character traits in
Swahili. Considering in addition the practice of Swahili traditional medicine (uganga), this study highlights Swahili
bodily conceptualizations involved in the expression of emotions and personal traits. The data were collected mostly through interviews with
Swahili speakers during fieldwork conducted in Tanzania.
Effects of task type on L2 Mandarin fluency development
Authors: Wright Clare 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study explores task effects on fluency development in second language (L2) Mandarin during study abroad (SA) in China, given linguistic and pedagogic challenges facing western learners of Mandarin (Zhao, 2011). Data from 10 adult English learners of Mandarin were compared pre/post 10 months’ SA in China. Performance was measured in 4 tasks with different task loads (rehearsed vs. spontaneous speech, in monologic and dialogic mode). Significant differences between the rehearsed monologue and other tasks found pre-SA were generally not found after SA. Some differences remained between monologues and dialogues, suggesting that task load effects may override SA impact. Claims about the impact of SA on L2 oral development should take more account of different task demands, to help further illuminate our understanding of how SA may benefit L2 fluency.
Fundamental mode intensity evolution in tapered optical fibres
Authors: Ek-Ek J R , Martinez-Pinon F , Alvarez-Chavez J A , Ceballos-Herrera D E , Sanchez-Lara R , Offerhaus H L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The mode field intensity, spot size, central peak intensity evolution and adiabaticity are calculated for different points along the transition of an optical fibre taper that adiabatically tapers from the standard 125 nm down to 1 µm and then to 440 nm diameter for low loss operation at 1550 nm wavelength. The first section of the taper is evaluated using a weak guidance approximation. The second section is treated as a three-index layer structure (double-clad) and evaluated with eigenvalue equations for three refractive indices. The third and thinnest section of the taper is studied using an exact mode eigenvalue equation. The results show that the fundamental mode for the third section has a discontinuity at the fibre edge with a peak intensity larger than the intensity at the centre of the fibre. Since the guiding by the core disappears in the first section of the taper, the mode field does not simply reduce monotonously along the taper with the outer diameter of the fibre. By this novel approach, and for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the taper shape that complies with the adiabaticity criterion, the mode intensity profile and the spot size (first Petermann definition) of the fundamental mode evolution, along their position on the taper are determined.
Effect of DNA on the optical properties of ZnO:SiO2:La3+
films
Authors: Hayrullina I A , Nagovitsyn I A , Boruleva E A , Lobanov A V , Chudinova G K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
ZnO–SiO2 composite films doped with La3+ ions (0.1%–5.0% mass.) were obtained using the sol–gel method. The absorption and ultraviolet luminescence spectra of the films, as well as the change in spectral characteristics under the influence of DNA, were studied. Doping of ZnO:SiO2 films with La3+ ions leads to an increase in the transmittance in the UV range (λ = 357 nm) from 4.5% (for undoped films) to 32%–34%, and the transmittance is inversely proportional to the amount of dopant. In all doped films, the optical band gap increases in comparison with undoped films (3.35 eV) and amounts to 3.830–3.853 eV. The application of DNA to the surface weakly affects the value of optical band gap. The maximum of the ultraviolet luminescence (UVL) band in ZnO:SiO2:La3+ films is slightly shifted depending on the amount of dopant and is located at λem = 363–367 nm. An increase in UVL intensity was observed upon doping by a factor of 8.4–9.6 compared to ZnO:SiO2 films. A change in the amount of dopant does not lead to sharp changes in the magnitude of the intensity. Thus, the UVL intensity (λex = 260), compared with films with 0.1% La3+ content, varies by 5%–11%. The effect of small amounts of DNA was studied for films doped with La3+. In the case of ZnO:SiO2:La3+, both extinguishing (up to 12%) and ignition (up to 5%) of UVL were observed. Monotone dependencies (which are desirable for the biosensor sensing element) were obtained for samples with La3+ 0.1 and 1.0% content. SEM images show that the images for zinc oxide are white crystallites of different sizes: from 0.5 µm to conglomerates of crystallites −1 µm. In the presence of DNA, the surface structure changes due to the formation of rhomboid structures, whose sizes vary from 3 µm to 35 µm. It is known that lanthanum ions induce the compaction of DNA with the formation of nanoscale structures.
Effect of Dynamic Vulcanization on Properties of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Natural Rubber Filled with Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Annie Loh , Wahab Mohamad Kahar Ab , Jayamani Elammaran 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effect of dynamic vulcanization with different loading of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on linear low density polyethylene/natural rubber using N,N’-m-phenylene bismaleimide (HVA-2) vulcanized and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) vulcanized as a cross-linker were investigated. Optimum ratio of LLDPE/NR blends was chosen is 70/30 in this study. Calcium carbonate loading was varied at 0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt% and 20wt% as filler in LLDPE/NR blends. The study showed that the tensile properties of the un-vulcanized LLDPE/NR blends were deteriorated with increasing in CaCO3 content. The dynamic vulcanization approach by using the HVA-2 and DCP dynamic vulcanization agents was applied on the LLDPE/NR blends in order to compensate the deterioration properties caused by the incorporation of CaCO3. According to the results, the addition of HVA-2 and DCP showed the composites were better in water resistance and tensile properties as compared to the standardized counterpart. The morphological analysis by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) found out that the interfacial adhesion and dispersion of CaCO3 was improved in both vulcanization systems.