bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left-sided omental infarction without torsion: report of a case with radiologic-pathologic correlation
Authors: Corvino Antonio , Campanino Maria Raffaela , De Rosa Nicolina , Corvino Fabio , Gisonni Pietro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Omental infarction is a rare disease that affects the entire omentum or a segment of the greater omentum. It presents as acute abdominal pain mainly in the right lower quadrant or right flank. Left-sided omental torsion is infrequent and it is rarely preoperatively diagnosed.
Omental infarction is a differential diagnosis in the acute abdomen. As most cases of omental infarction can be adequately diagnosed via computed tomography, a conservative treatment strategy for patients without complications should be considered in order to avoid any unnecessary surgical intervention.

Case presentation
We herein report a case of a surgically proved left-sided infarction of the greater omentum presenting with abdominal pain, tenderness of the left flank. Specifically, we describe the ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) findings of this rare disease providing a radiological-pathological correlation of them. To date, there are few similar correlation reports in literature.

Conclusions
Although the classical treatment of omental infarction is surgery, more recently the conservative management has been suggested. Thus, we believe that the knowledge of the characteristic imaging findings is essential for establish a correct preoperative diagnosis, which can avoid unnecessary surgical intervention.
Presence of vascular loop in patients with audio-vestibular symptoms: is it a significant finding? Evaluation with 3-tesla MRI 3D constructive interference steady state (CISS) sequence
Authors: Zidan Mamdouh A. , Almansor Nufe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Tinnitus, sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL), and vertigo are common audio-vestibular symptoms. Many diseases are associated with these symptoms; however, the exact cause is not always identified. Some studies show that the etiology could be related to the presence of a vascular loop in contact with the 8th cranial nerve. Three-dimensional (3D) constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a fully refocused gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that has high sensitivity in evaluation of the cranial nerves. This high sensitivity is a result of its inherent ability to accentuate the T2 values between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and adjacent anatomical or pathological structures. We aimed to evaluate the association of audio-vestibular symptoms with the presence of vascular loops and vascular contact in cerebellopontine angle (CPA) and the internal auditory canal (IAC) using 3Tesla MRI. The study included 98 patients (196 ears); 51 females and 47 males with audio-vestibular dysfunction symptoms in isolation or combined; 40 patients with tinnitus, 50 with sensory neural hearing loss, and 32 with vertigo. The healthy control group with no symptoms in either ear, n = 60 (120 ears): 32 females and 28 males. The non-symptomatic ears in the patients were added to the healthy control group. All MRI examinations were performed by using a 3 T (Magnetom Verio 3 T; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany).

Results
No statistically significant association was detected between the presence of different grades of vascular loop or types of vascular contact and any of the studied audio-vestibular symptoms.

Conclusion
No possible role of the presence of vascular loop/contact was identified in causing tinnitus, deafness, or vertigo as evaluated by 3D-CISS sequence. Therefore, presence of vascular loops in contact with the 8th cranial nerve is not certainly considered pathological but possibly to be a normal anatomical coincidental finding.
Approach to the Patient: Perioperative Management of the Patient with Pheochromocytoma or Sympathetic Paraganglioma
Authors: Berends Annika M A , Kerstens Michiel N , Lenders Jacques W M , Timmers Henri J L M 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPheochromocytomas and sympathetic paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare chromaffin cell tumors originating in the adrenal medulla and sympathetic paraganglia, respectively, which share the capacity to synthesize and release catecholamines. The incidence of PPGL has increased in recent years. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for PPGL. Management of patients with PPGL is complex and should be done by a specialized multidisciplinary team in centers with broad expertise. Surgical resection of a PPGL is a high-risk procedure for which optimal pretreatment with antihypertensive drugs is required in combination with state-of-the-art surgical procedures and anesthesiological techniques. In this article we discuss the underlying evidence and the pros and cons of presurgical medical preparation. Finally, the areas of uncertainty and controversies in this field are addressed.
NLRP3 Inflammasome in Inflammation and Metabolism: Identifying Novel Roles in Postburn Adipose Dysfunction
Authors: Vinaik Roohi , Barayan Dalia , Jeschke Marc G 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that respond to pathogen or host associated damage markers, leading to caspase-1 maturation and processing of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Initially, inflammasomes were implicated primarily in inflammatory and infectious conditions. However, increasing evidence demonstrates broader roles beyond inflammation, including regulation of adipose tissue metabolism after burns. Here, we conducted a search for articles on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and UpToDate with applied search strategies including a combination of “burns,” “trauma,” “(NLRP3) inflammasome,” “metabolic conditions,” “white adipose tissue,” “macrophages,” “browning,” and “lipolysis” and included papers from 2000 to 2020. We discuss unexpected roles for NLRP3, the most characterized inflammasome to date, as a key metabolic driver in a variety of conditions. In particular, we highlight the function of NLRP3 inflammasome in burn trauma, which is characterized by both hyperinflammation and hypermetabolism. We identify a critical part for NLRP3 activation in macrophage dynamics and delineate a novel role in postburn white adipose tissue remodeling, a pathological response associated with hypermetabolism and poor clinical outcomes. Mechanistically, how inflammation and inflammasome activation is linked to postburn hypermetabolism is a novel concept to contemplate, and herein we provide evidence of an immunometabolic crosstalk between adipocytes and infiltrating macrophages.
Case Report: Dilated cardiomyopathy with biventricular thrombus secondary to impaired coagulation in a patient with HIV
Authors: Kammari Chetan Brahma , Rallabandi Suhasini , Rallabandi Harsha , Daggubati Subba Rao , Adapa Sreedhar , Naramala Srikanth , Konala Venu Madhav 
Published: July 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a known hypercoagulable state with venous thromboembolism with a high mortality rate compared to the general population. The homeostatic balance in HIV infected patients improves with treatment compared to those who are not. A decreased hypercoagulable state noted by low levels of Von Willebrand factor, factor VIII and d-dimer levels along with higher protein C and S activity in patients on treatment suggests that hypercoagulable state is partially correctable with highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV with heart muscle involvement can present as myocarditis or as dilated cardiomyopathy with left or right ventricular dysfunction. Here we present a case of a 57-year-old man with a known history of HIV infection, noncompliant with medical therapy presenting with dilated cardiomyopathy with biventricular thrombi with reduced protein C, protein S, and Antithrombin III levels.
Maternal and perinatal Health Research Collaboration, India (MaatHRI): methodology for establishing a hospital-based research platform in a low and middle income country setting
Authors: Nair Manisha , Bezbaruah Babul , Bora Amrit Krishna , Bora Krishnaram , Chhabra Shakuntala , Choudhury Saswati S. , Choudhury Arup , Deka Dipika , Deka Gitanjali , Ismavel Vijay Anand , Kakoty Swapna D. , Koshy Roshine M. , Kumar Pramod , Mahanta Pranabika , Medhi Robin , Nath Pranoy , Rani Anjali , Roy Indrani , Sarma Usha , V Carolin Solomi , Talukdar Ratna Kanta , Zahir Farzana , Hill Michael , Kansal Nimmi , Nakra Reena , Baigent Colin , Knight Marian , Kurinczuk Jenny J. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Maternal and perinatal Health Research collaboration, India (MaatHRI) is a research platform that aims to improve evidence-based pregnancy care and outcomes for mothers and babies in India, a country with the second highest burden of maternal and perinatal deaths. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods used to establish and standardise the platform and the results of the process. Methods: MaatHRI is a hospital-based collaborative research platform. It is adapted from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) and built on a pilot model (IndOSS-Assam), which has been extensively standardised using the following methods: (i) establishing a network of hospitals; (ii) setting up a secure system for data collection, storage and transfer; (iii) developing a standardised laboratory infrastructure; and (iv) developing and implementing regulatory systems. Results: MaatHRI was established in September 2018. Fourteen hospitals participate across four states in India – Assam, Meghalaya, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. The research team includes 20 nurses, a project manager, 16 obstetricians, two pathologists, a public health specialist, a general physician and a paediatrician. MaatHRI has advanced standardisation of data and laboratory parameters, real-time monitoring of data and participant safety, and secure transfer of data. Four observational epidemiological studies are presently being undertaken through the platform. MaatHRI has enabled bi-directional capacity building. It is overseen by a steering committee and a data safety and monitoring board, a process that is not normally used, but was found to be highly effective in ensuring data safety and equitable partnerships in the context of low and middle income countries (LMICs). Conclusion: MaatHRI is the first prototype of UKOSS and other similar platforms in a LMIC setting. The model is built on existing methods but applies new standardisation processes to develop a collaborative research platform that can be replicated in other LMICs.
Initiating a network to support engagement between health researchers and schools: recommendations from an international meeting of schools engagement practitioners held in Kilifi, Kenya
Authors: Davies Alun , Mwango Grace , Appiah Bernard , Callery James J. , Duy Thanh Vu , Gumede Nozibusiso , Inglis Robert , McCracken Shane , Mkoola Kestern , Montjane Kagisho , Ochanda Alice , Shonai Charity , Woods-Townsend Kathryn 
Published: July 2020

Engagement between health researchers and local schools, or School Engagement, has become incorporated into the engagement strategies of many research institutions worldwide. Innovative initiatives have emerged within Wellcome Trust-funded African and Asian Programmes (APPs) and elsewhere, and continued funding from the Wellcome Trust and other funders is likely to catalyse further innovation. Engagement between scientists and schools is well-described in the scientific literature (1-4), however, engagement between health researchers and schools is much newer, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, and rarely documented. In November 2018 the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP) hosted an international workshop in Kilifi, Kenya, drawing on an emerging community of School Engagement practitioners towards exploring the broad range of goals for School Engagement, learning about the breadth of evaluation approaches and exploring the potential usefulness of establishing a practitioner network. The workshop was attended by 29 engagement researchers/practitioners representing 21 institutions from 10 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia and the UK. Workshop sessions combining small group discussions with plenary presentations, enabled a range of goals, activities and evaluation approaches to be shared. This report summarises these discussions, and shares participant views on the possible functions of a network of School Engagement practitioners. A breadth of ‘deep’ and ‘wide’ engagement activities were described addressing four broad goals: contributing to science education; capacity strengthening for health research; contributing to goals of community engagement; and health promotion. While wide approaches have greater outreach for raising student awareness, deeper approaches are more likely enable informed student views to be incorporated into research. All activities ultimately aimed at improving health, but also at supporting development in low- and middle-income countries through promoting science-career uptake. Participants identified a range of potential benefits which could emerge from a practitioner network: sharing experiences and resources; facilitating capacity strengthening; and fostering collaboration
The Migratory Beekeeping Routing Problem: Model and an Exact Algorithm
Authors: Ma Zu-Jun , Yang Fei , Dai Ying , Max Shen Zuo-Jun 
Published: July 2020

Apiculture has gained worldwide interest because of its contributions to economic incomes and environmental conservation. In view of these, migratory beekeeping, as a high-yielding technique, is extensively adopted. However, because of the lack of an overall routing plan, beekeepers who follow the experiential migratory routes frequently encounter unexpected detours and suffer losses when faced with problems such as those related to nectar source capacities and the production of bee products. The migratory beekeeping routing problem (MBRP) is proposed based on the practical background of the commercial apiculture industry to optimize the global revenue for beekeepers by comprehensively considering nectar source allocation, migration, production and sales of bee products, and corresponding time decisions. The MBRP is a new variant of the vehicle routing problem but with significantly different production time decisions at the vertices (i.e., nectar sources). That is, only the overlaps between residence durations and flowering periods generate production benefits. Different sales visits cause different gains from the same products; in turn, these lead to different production time decisions at previously visited nectar source locations and even change the visits for production. To overcome the difficulty resulting from the complicated time decisions, we utilize the Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition method and propose a revised labeling algorithm for the pricing subproblems. The tests, performed on instances and a real-world case, demonstrate that the column generation method with the revised labeling algorithm is efficient for solving the MBRP. Compared with traditional routes, a more efficient overall routing schedule for migratory beekeepers is proposed. Summary of Contribution. Based on the practical background of commercial apiculture industry, this paper proposes a new type of routing problem named the migratory beekeeping routing problem (MBRP), which incorporates the selection of productive nodes and sales nodes as well as the production time decision at the productive nodes on a migratory beekeeping network. To overcome the difficulty resulting from the complicated time decisions, we utilize the Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition method and propose a revised labeling algorithm for the pricing subproblems. The tests, performed on instances and a real-world case, demonstrate that the column generation method with the revised labeling algorithm is efficient for solving the MBRP. Compared with traditional routes, a more efficient overall routing schedule for migratory beekeepers is proposed. Therefore, this paper is congruent with, and contributes to, the scope and mission of INFORMS Journal on Computing, especially the area of Network Optimization: Algorithms & Applications.
Musculoskeletal system part 2
Authors: Deighton Robert 
Published: July 2020

The clinical examination is an important part of any patient consultation. After the primary survey and taking the patient history, a more in-depth examination is sometimes required to aid making a working diagnosis and help negate other differential diagnoses. The extent of this depends on the stability of the patient and may not be possible in time-critical circumstances. However, clinical examination is an increasing part of paramedic practice owing to the continued expansion of the scope of the paramedic role in both urgent and emergency care. Education on clinical examination concerning each of the main body systems is now an integral part of undergraduate paramedic curricula. This clinical examination series provides a step-by-step overview for each of the main body systems. Continuing professional development (CPD) is an essential requirement for all clinicians to maintain and to demonstrate that they are staying up to date and advancing in their roles. This series gives an overview of each type of examination to support students, newly qualified paramedics and paramedics wishing to use these articles as a CPD development activity and an aide-memoire for clinical practice. This article, which explores the the musculoskeletal system, gives an overview of initial examination considerations.
Single-longitudinal-mode-operated, passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG microchip laser with >100  kHz repetition rate and <400  ps pulse width
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Xin , Zhou Chenglin , Li Ming , Shu Rong 
Published: July 2020

We report a comprehensive design procedure for passively

Q

-switched monolithic

Nd

:

YAG

/

Cr

4
+

:

YAG

microchip lasers to realize operation conditions of the pulse repetition rate (PRR)

>

100

kHz

and pulse width (PW)

<

400

ps

, simultaneously. Crucial parameters including effective pump power and waist diameter of the pump laser, doping concentration and thickness of the Nd:YAG crystal, initial transmittance (

T
0

) of the

Cr

4
+

:

YAG

crystal, as well as the reflectivity of the output coupler are all considered during the design process. Two single-longitudinal-mode-operated lasers are designed and constructed according to the numerical results. The lengths and doping concentrations of Nd:YAG for both microchips are optimized to be 0.5 mm and 2%, respectively. A PRR up to 170 kHz and PW of

∼
370

ps

are measured under the pump power of 2.6 W for a microchip with

T
0

of 0.85. A slightly lower PRR of 118 kHz with a shorter PW of

∼

320

ps

is also achieved under the same pump power for another microchip with

T
0

of 0.8. The related pulse energies for the two microchips are

∼

2.1

µ
J

and

∼

1.8

µ
J

, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these results are among the highest PRRs achieved for passively

Q

-switched

Nd

:

YAG

/

Cr

4
+

:

YAG

microchips with PWs

<

400

ps

.
Analysis and improvements of effective emissivities of nonisothermal blackbody cavities
Authors: He Shufang , Dai Caihong , Wang Yanfei , Liu Jinyuan , Feng Guojin , Wang Jinghui 
Published: July 2020

The emissivity of the blackbody is a very important parameter in spectral radiance measurement systems. In the conventional method, the emissivity is calculated based on the isothermal model. However, the actual temperature distribution in the blackbody cavity is always nonisothermal; the emissivity calculated based on the isothermal model may not accurately present the radiation characteristic of the blackbody. In this study, the actual temperature distributions of two blackbodies (one has an extended cone shape, and the other a 65-mm diameter cylindrical shape) are measured, and the emissivities are calculated accordingly based on the nonisothermal model at a certain temperature (873 K). The results show there are different tendencies of temperature distributions in the two blackbodies. When compared with the isothermal model, the emissivities in the 873 K temperature and 2.0–20.0 µm wavelength condition are about 1.75% and 0.18% lower at the nonisothermal model for the extended cone shape and cylindrical blackbodies, respectively. To improve the emissivity, different types of apertures are customized for the two blackbodies. For the extended cone-shaped blackbody, the emissivity in the 873 K temperature and 2.0–20.0 µm wavelength condition increases by 1.12% when using a ring-shaped graphite aperture in the cavity, whereas for the cylindrical-shaped blackbody, the emissivity in the same condition increases by 0.09% when using a high-reflective aperture in front of the cavity opening. Different from previous studies, this study provides new insight in calculating and improving the effective emissivity of blackbodies by using the measured temperature in the cavity based on the nonisothermal model.
Dual-slope imaging in highly scattering media with frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Blaney Giles , Sassaroli Angelo , Fantini Sergio 
Published: July 2020

We present theoretical and experimental demonstrations of a novel, to the best of our knowledge, diffuse optical imaging method that is based on the concept of dual slopes (DS) in frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy. We consider a special array of sources and detectors that collects intensity (

I

) and phase (

ϕ

) data with multiple DS sets. We have recently shown that

D
S

ϕ

reflectance data features a deeper sensitivity with respect to

D
S

I

reflectance data. Here, for the first time, we describe a DS imaging approach based on the Moore-Penrose inverse of the sensitivity matrix for multiple DS data sets. Using a circular 8–source/9-detector array that generates 16 DS data sets at source-detector distances in the range 20–40 mm, we show that

D
S

I

images are more sensitive to superficial (

<

5

m
m

) perturbations, whereas

D
S

ϕ

images are more sensitive to deeper (

>

10

m
m

) perturbations in highly scattering media.
Muslim Women in French Cinema: Voices of Maghrebi Migrants in France, Leslie Kealhofer-Kemp (2015)
Authors: Tiku Abhinav 
Published: July 2020

Review of: Muslim Women in French Cinema: Voices of Maghrebi Migrants in France, Leslie Kealhofer-Kemp (2015)
Liverpool University Press, 226pp.,
ISBN: 9781781381984 (hbk), $120.00
Persepsi Hakim Tentang Positivisasi Lembaga Rechtverwerking
Authors: Muhyidin Muhyidin 
Published: July 2020

Ketika hukum tidak tertulis, moralitas serta etika dipositivikasi dalam bentuk undang-undang, maka akan terjadi pergeseran makna esensial dari hukum tidak tertulis, moralitas ataupun etika tersebut, sebab dengan dipositivisasi nilai moralitas, etika serta hukum tidak tertulis tersebut tidak lagi mengabdikan dirinya kepada nilai, kesadaran dan kepentingan bersama, tetapi mengabdi kepada mereka yang memiliki “kekuasaan" yang lebih kuat. Demikian misalnya lembaga rechtverwerking positivisasi lembaga ini semula dimaksudkan untuk mengatasi kekurangan sistem negatif dalam sistem pendaftaran tanah, namun kemudian dalam perspektif “Critical Legal Study” serta persepsi hakim yang serba positivistik menjadikan lembaga adat tersebut justru mengebiri hak masyarakat adat atas penguasaan tanah adat mereka