bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyoxometalate‐Derived Multi‐Component X/W2C@X,N‐C (X=Co, Si, Ge, B, and P) Nanoelectrocatalysts for Efficient Triiodide Reduction in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Ting , Xu Ming , Chen Weilin , Li Xiaohong , Li Fengrui , Wang Xinlong , Li Yunwu , Liu Ding , Wang Enbo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMulti‐component tungsten carbide‐based hybrid materials featuring different heteroatom dopants coated with X,N dual‐doped carbon layers (X/W2C@X,N‐C, XWXNC) were prepared by selecting Keggin‐type polyoxometalates (POMs) (NH4)n[XW12O40] (X=Co, Si, Ge, B, and P) and dicyandiamide (DCA) as precursors. The electrocatalytic activity of these nanocomposites as counter electrode (CE) catalysts for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was systematically investigated. Structure characterizations show that X,N heteroatoms were successfully introduced into the W2C and carbon frameworks. The obtained X,N dual‐doped carbon layers were modified and loaded with W2C nanoparticles, promoting the improvement of catalytic performance by a synergistic effect. The consequence of photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) is CoWCoNC (6.68 %)>SiWSiNC (6.56 %)>GeWGeNC (6.49 %)>BWBNC (6.45 %)>PWPNC (6.20 %)>WNC (6.05 %). With the increase in electronegativity of the dopants, the photovoltaic performance decreases in a reverse order. This work provides a shortcut to the rational design of highly efficient and cost‐effective catalysts for DSSCs.
A First‐Principles Study of C3N Nanostructures: Control and Engineering of the Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Nanosheets, Tubes and Ribbons
Authors: Bafekry Asadollah , Stampfl Catherine , Farjami Shayesteh S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing first‐principles calculations we systematically investigate the atomic, electronic and magnetic properties of novel two‐dimensional materials (2DM) with a stoichiometry C3N which has recently been synthesized. We investigate how the number of layers affect the electronic properties by considering monolayer, bilayer and trilayer structures, with different stacking of the layers. We find that a transition from semiconducting to metallic character occurs which could offer potential applications in future nanoelectronic devices. We also study the affect of width of C3N nanoribbons, as well as the radius and length of C3N nanotubes, on the atomic, electronic and magnetic properties. Our results show that these properties can be modified depending on these dimensions, and depend markedly on the nature of the edge states. Functionalization of the nanostructures by the adsorption of H adatoms is found induce metallic, half‐metallic, semiconducting and ferromagnetic behavior, which offers an approach to tailor the properties, as can the application of strain. Our calculations give insight into this new family of C3N nanostructures, which reveal unusual electronic and magnetic properties, and may have great potential in applications such as sensors, electronics and optoelectronic at the nanoscale.
Zinc Complexes for PLA Formation and Chemical Recycling: Towards a Circular Economy
Authors: McKeown Paul , Román‐Ramírez Luis A. , Bates Samuel , Wood Joseph , Jones Matthew D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA series of ZnII complexes, based on propylenediamine Schiff bases, have been prepared and fully characterized. X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy identified significant differences in the solid and solution state for the ZnII species. All complexes have been applied to the ring‐opening polymerization of l‐lactide with emphasis on industrial conditions. High conversion and good molecular weight control were generally achievable for Zn(A–D)2, and high‐molecular‐weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was prepared in 1 min at a 10 000:1:33 [lactide]/[Zn]/[BnOH] loading. The more active ZnII catalysts were also applied to PLA degradation to alkyl lactate under mild conditions. Zn(A–B)2 demonstrated high activity and selectivity in this process with PLA being consumed within 1 h at 50 °C. Zn(C–D)2 were shown to be less active, and these observations can be related to the catalysts’ structure and the degradation mechanism. Initial results for the degradation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and mixed feeds are also presented, highlighting the broader applicability of the systems presented.
Serotonin and MucXS release by small secretory cells depend on Xpod, a SSC specific marker gene
Authors: Kurrle Yvonne , Kunesch Katharina , Bogusch Susanne , Schweickert Axel 
Published: November 2019

SummaryMucus secretion and ciliary motility are hallmarks for muco‐ciliary epithelia (MCE). Both, mammalian airways as well as the less complex epidermis of Xenopus embryos show cilia‐driven mucus flow to protect the organism against harmful effects by exogenous pathogens or pollutants. Four cell types set up the epidermal MCE in Xenopus. Multi‐ciliated cells (MCCs) generate an anterior to posterior flow of mucus. Ion secreting cells (ISCs) are characterized by the expression of ion transporters, presumably to maintain a favorable homeostasis. The largest cell type is represented by goblet cells, which cover most of the epidermis and exhibit secretory properties. Additionally, small secretory cells (SSCs) release mucus, antibiotic compounds, and the monoamine serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT). We have recently shown that serotonin regulates flow velocity by acting on ciliary beat frequency. Here, we describe the identification and functional characterization of Xenopus polka‐dots (Xpod). No homologous genes or proteins were found in other vertebrates, including Xenopus tropicalis. We demonstrate that Xpod serves as an SSC‐specific marker, starting to be expressed shortly after SSC specification at neurula stages. Overexpression of a tagged Xpod protein resulted in the localization of secretory granules. Notch signaling induced SSC cell fate, in contrast to its repressing effect on MCC and ISC specification. Xpod loss‐of‐function revealed that mucus and 5‐HT release by SSCs was severely diminished, which impaired the ciliary beating of MCCs. In summary, Xpod specifically marked SSCs and was required for muco‐ciliary secretion in Xenopus laevis.
Mypt1 regulates Bmp signaling to promote embryonic exocrine pancreas growth in zebrafish
Authors: Dong Guoping , Huang Yueyue , Ding Huimei , Luo Lingfei , Zhang Yaoguang , Huang Honghui , Ruan Hua 
Published: November 2019

SummaryMyosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (Mypt1) is the regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase which dephosphorylates the light chain of myosin II to inhibit its contraction. Although biochemical properties of Mypt1 have been characterized in detail, its biological functions in organisms are not well understood. The zebrafish mypt1
sq181 allele was found defective in the ventral pancreatic bud and extrapancreatic duct development, resulting in dysplasia of exocrine pancreas. In mypt1
sq181 mutant, the early growth of the ventral pancreatic bud was initiated but failed to expand due to impaired cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. As Mypt1 is essential for cell migration, the loss‐of‐function of Mypt1 in the mutant disrupted the lateral plate mesoderm migration during gut looping, therefore, altering the Bmp2a expression pattern within it, and eventually leading to impaired Bmp signaling in the adjacent exocrine pancreas. Overexpression of bmp2a could rescue the development of exocrine pancreas, suggesting that the impaired Bmp2a signaling is responsible for the pancreatic development defects. Bmp2a has been reported to promote the early specification of the ventral pancreatic bud, and our study reveals that it continues to serve as a cell proliferation/survival signal to ensure pancreatic bud growth properly in zebrafish.
Opioids for chronic non‐cancer neuropathic pain. An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of efficacy, tolerability and safety in randomized placebo‐controlled studies of at least 4 weeks duration
Authors: Sommer Claudia , Klose Petra , Welsch Patrick , Petzke Frank , Häuser Winfried 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThis updated systematic review evaluated the efficacy, tolerability and safety of opioids compared to placebo in chronic non‐cancer neuropathic pain.Databases and Data TreatmentClinicaltrials.gov, CENTRAL, PubMed and PsycINFO were searched from October 2013 to June 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing opioids with placebo and at least 4 weeks double‐blinded duration were analysed. Primary outcomes were pain relief of 50% or greater, disability, tolerability and safety. Effects were summarized by a random effects model using risk differences (RD) or standardized mean differences (SMD). We added four new studies with 662 participants for a total of 16 included studies with 2,199 participants. Study duration ranged between 4 and 12 weeks. Studies with a parallel and cross‐over design: Based on low to moderate quality evidence, opioids (buprenorphine, hydromorphone, morphine, oxycodone, tramadol) provided a clinically relevant pain relief of 50% or greater and reduction of disability compared to placebo. There was no clinically relevant harm with regards to the drop out rate due to adverse and serious adverse events by opioids compared to placebo. Enriched enrolment randomized withdrawal design: Based on low to moderate quality evidence, tapentadol provided a clinically relevant pain relief of 50% or greater and reduction of disability compared to placebo in diabetic polyneuropathy. There was no clinically relevant harm with regards to the drop out rate due to adverse and serious adverse events by tapentadol compared to placebo.ConclusionsSome opioids provided a short‐term substantial pain relief in highly selected patients in some neuropathic pain syndromes.SignificanceSome opioids (buprenorphine, morphine, oxycodone, tramadol, tapentadol) provide substantial pain relief compared to placebo in postherpetic neuralgia and peripheral neuropathies of different aetiologies for 4–12 weeks. There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the suggestion that these drugs are effective in other neuropathic pain conditions. The safety of opioids with regards to abuse and deaths in the studies analysed cannot be extrapolated to routine clinical care.
The effects of long‐term opioid treatment on the immune system in chronic non‐cancer pain patients: A systematic review
Authors: Diasso Pernille D. K. , Birke Hanne , Nielsen Susanne D. , Main Katharina M. , Højsted Jette , Sjøgren Per , Kurita Geana P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveOpioids have been increasingly prescribed for chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP). An association between long‐term opioid treatment (L‐TOT) of CNCP patients and suppression of both the innate and the adaptive immune system has been proposed. This systematic review aims at investigating the effects of L‐TOT on the immune system in CNCP patients.Databases and data treatmentA systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the CINAHL for relevant articles was performed. Studies examining measures of both the innate and the adaptive immune system in adult CNCP patients in L‐TOT (≥4 weeks of intake) were included. Outcomes and the level of evidence were analysed.ResultsA total of 382 studies were identified; however, 376 were excluded (352 inappropriate methodology, 21 duplicates, three full‐text could not be obtained) and one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and five cross‐sectional studies were included and analysed. L‐TOT compared with no treatment was associated with a lower percentage of natural killer (NK) cells, a lower absolute number of CD56bright NK cells, a higher absolute number of IL‐2‐activated NK cells and a higher concentration of IL‐1β as a response to toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists stimulation (Pam3CSK4, LPS, Imiquimod). No other significant differences were reported. Generalizability of the results was limited due to inconsistency of outcomes and an overall low quality of the studies.ConclusionsL‐TOT may alter the immune system in CNCP patients, but the level of evidence is still weak. More studies are needed to clarify the impact of L‐TOT on immune system function.SignificanceThis systematic review found indication that long‐term opioid treatment alters the immune system in chronic non‐cancer pain patients. These alterations involved the NK cells and IL‐1β production. However, the level of evidence is weak.
Patatin‐Like Phospholipase Domain‐Containing Protein 3 I148M and Liver Fat and Fibrosis Scores Predict Liver Disease Mortality in the U.S. Population
Authors: Unalp‐Arida Aynur , Ruhl Constance E. 
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims
Fatty liver causes premature death worldwide and requires long‐term health care. We examined relationships of liver disease markers, including patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) I148M, with mortality in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988‐1994, with 27 years of linked mortality data.

Approach and Results
We studied 13,298 viral hepatitis negative adults who fasted at least 4 hours using the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) liver fat score and NAFLD fibrosis score. PNPLA3 I148M was genotyped in a subgroup of participants from 1991 to 1994 (n = 5,640). Participants were passively followed for mortality, identified by death certificate underlying or contributing causes, by linkage to the National Death Index through 2015. During follow‐up (median, 23.2 years), cumulative mortality was 33.2% overall and 1.1% with liver disease, including primary liver cancer. Increased liver disease mortality was associated with PNPLA3 I148M (hazard ratio [HR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9‐9.8) and 148M genotypes (HR, 18.2; 95% CI, 3.5‐93.8), an intermediate (HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.3‐10.7) or high (HR, 12.6; 95% CI, 4.3‐36.3) NAFLD liver fat score, and a high NAFLD fibrosis score (HR, 12.2; 95% CI, 1.9‐80.6) adjusted for risk factors. Survival curves suggest that increased mortality risk with two 148M alleles was greatest beginning in the second decade of follow‐up. Overall, but not cardiovascular disease, mortality was associated with the PNPLA3 148M allele, and both mortality outcomes were associated with higher fat and fibrosis scores.

Conclusions
In the U.S. population, PNPLA3 I148M and higher NAFLD liver fat and fibrosis scores were associated with increased liver disease mortality. Genetic variant PNPLA3 I148M may complement other liver disease markers for NAFLD surveillance.
Interface design on cabin pressurization system affecting pilot's situation awareness: The comparison between digital displays and pointed displays
Authors: Li Wen‐Chin , Zakarija Marko , Yu Chung‐San , McCarty Pete 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe fundamental approach to improve pilots’ situation awareness (SA) would be to reorganize and restructure the presentation of information to fit pilot's cognitive model on the flight deck. This would facilitate pilots’ perception, understanding, and projection, hence making it easier to find the relevant targets. Sixty pilots (30 B‐737 pilots and 30 B‐777 pilots) participated in this study to investigate pilots’ SA while interacting with digital displays and moving pointed needle displays on cabin pressurization system. The results have shown significant differences on pilots’ perception, understanding, and overall SA between digital display and pointed display on the flight deck. Pilots significantly preferred the digital design cabin pressurization system, which is consistent with the proximity compatibility principle, and the position of the display on the center instrument panel is easily accessible to both pilots and does not require large head movements. There are some recommendations on the cabin pressurization design including the size of outflow valve position indicator, which should be significantly increased to provided saliency of information; color coding should be used on cabin altitude and differential pressure indicator to mark critical cabin altitude; and standard operating procedures shall include cabin altitude and differential pressure reading by pilot monitoring. The final and completed solution to the issues on the cabin pressurization system is to redesign the scattered pointed displays as integrated digital displays to fit the human‐centered principle.
Acceptance of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device among women attending antenatal care in a low‐resource setting in Nigeria
Authors: Ezugwu Euzebus C. , Achara John I. , Ezugwu Onyinye C. , Ezegwui Hyginus U. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the level of awareness, acceptance, and any identifiable barriers to the use of postpartum intrauterine devices (PPIUDs) among pregnant women receiving care in a low‐resource setting in Nigeria.MethodsA pretested interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain relevant data from all consenting pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Polyclinic and Uwani health center in the city of Enugu from January 1 to March 31, 2018. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAbout two‐thirds (65.6%) of the 620 respondents were unaware of PPIUDs. After counseling, about one‐third (36.8%, n=228/620) of the respondents accepted having an immediate PPIUD, while the majority (63.2%, n=392/620) declined. The identified barriers towards accepting immediate PPIUDs were fear of side effects (57.9%), religious reasons (20.7%), and preference for other contraceptive methods. None of the respondents had ever inserted a PPIUD previously.ConclusionThe low level of acceptance of PPIUDs in the study appears to be a reflection of the low level of awareness of PPIUDs in the region. Efforts in creating awareness and health education to dispel the myths and misconceptions about PPIUDs are required in order to promote its uptake in the region.
Temporal Trends and Factors Associated with Bisphosphonate Discontinuation and Restart
Authors: Adami Giovanni , Jaleel Ayesha , Curtis Jeffrey R , Delzell Elizabeth , Chen Rui , Yun Huifeng , Daigle Shanette , Arora Tarun , Danila Maria I , Wright Nicole C , Cadarette Suzanne M , Mudano Amy , Foster Jeffrey , Saag Kenneth G 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Adverse events related to long-term use of bisphosphonates have raised interest in temporary drug discontinuation. Trends in bisphosphonate discontinuation and restart, as well factors associated with these decisions, are not fully understood at a population level. We investigated temporal trends of bisphosphonate discontinuation from 2010 to 2015 and identified factors associated with discontinuation and restart of osteoporosis therapy. Our cohort consisted of long-term bisphosphonate users identified from 2010 to 2015 Medicare data. We defined discontinuation as ≥12 months without bisphosphonate prescription claims. We used conditional logistic regression to compare factors associated with alendronate discontinuation or osteoporosis therapy restart in the 120-day period preceding discontinuation or restart referent to the 120-day preceding control periods. Among 73,800 long-term bisphosphonate users, 59,251 (80.3%) used alendronate, 6806 (9.2%) risedronate, and 7743 (10.5%) zoledronic acid, exclusively. Overall, 26,281 (35.6%) discontinued bisphosphonates for at least 12 months. Discontinuation of bisphosphonates increased from 1.7% in 2010, reaching a peak of 14% in 2012 with levels plateauing through 2015. The factors most strongly associated with discontinuation of alendronate were: benzodiazepine prescription (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1, 3.0), having a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.7, 2.0), and skilled nursing facility care utilization (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.6, 2.1). The factors most strongly associated with restart of osteoporosis therapy were: having a DXA scan (aOR = 9.9; 95% CI 7.7, 12.6), sustaining a fragility fracture (aOR = 2.8; 95% CI 1.8, 4.5), and an osteoporosis or osteopenia diagnosis (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI 2.0, 3.1). Our national evaluation of bisphosphonate discontinuation showed that an increasing proportion of patients on long-term bisphosphonate therapy discontinue medications. The factors associated with discontinuation of alendronate were primarily related to worsening of overall health status, whereas traditional factors associated with worsening bone health were associated with restarting osteoporosis medication. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
“They were just waiting for me to mess up”: A critical discourse analysis of immigrant Latinx teens' perceptions of power dynamics
Authors: Merino Yesenia , Thomas Tainayah , Lightfoot Alexandra , Eng Eugenia , Simán Florence , Thatcher Kari , Chapman Mimi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper explores Latinx adolescents' perceptions of power dynamics with authority around them. We seek to inform how community‐based professionals engage with and seek to understand members of this population. We conducted a critical discourse analysis of data collected during a community action photovoice project with 13 Latinx adolescents living in a metropolitan region of the southeastern United States. Participants felt they were under greater surveillance scrutiny by authority figures in social and academic spaces than their non‐Latino peers. They discussed ways their movements were at times constrained because others presumed they were deviant, and how that affected their identity development. Judgments and assumptions held by both powerful adults and oppressed groups alike serve to reinscribe social stratification that places Latinx adolescents at a power disadvantage relative to their white peers. These experiences and understandings of power relations shape the circuitous racial dispossession of youth.
The Impact of Time‐Keeping Direction on Compensatory Consumption: The Role of Perceived Resource Deficiency
Authors: Kapoor Ankur , Tripathi Sanjeev 
Published: November 2019

Time is a scarce resource, and time‐keeping has become a common part of our lives. This research investigates the impact of exposure to a specific direction of time‐keeping on resource deficiency perception and on compensatory consumption of calories. Results from four studies show that exposure to downward time‐keeping (e.g., 60→1 s), compared to upward time‐keeping (e.g., 1→60 s), results in a higher perceived resource deficiency, leading to a higher preference, consumption, and choice of caloric foods. The effect is attenuated for evaluation of calorie‐lean foods, or by recalling instances of resourcefulness, or when time is not a resource (as in the case of waiting). Related alternate explanations are addressed. This research is the first to identify a novel antecedent of resource deficiency (i.e., time‐keeping direction), and to elicit an unexplored aspect of temporal cognition, that exposure to direction of time‐keeping can influence compensatory consumption in an unrelated domain. These findings contribute to the literature on temporal cognition and resource deficiency and may inspire further research in these domains.