bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bailey Solutions. Responding to Change: Surviving the Financial Crisis, the Pandemic and Everything Else!
Authors: Bailey Penny 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBailey Solutions is a leading provider of library management software to the legal sector. Penny Bailey, Managing Director of Bailey Solutions, traces the history of the company from before its incorporation in the 1990s to the current year. The company has experienced both economic recessions and up turns. Penny will discuss what helps Bailey Solutions to survive and the lasting values that she attributes to its success.
Microscope Immersion Oil
Authors: Sacher Robert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Microscope immersion oil is used in light microscopy to improve imaging. The use of microscope immersion oil as part of a microscope lens system will produce a brighter and sharper image than a similar design not using immersion oil. The reason is that this oil replaces the air gaps between the condenser and the bottom of the slide and between the top of the slide or cover glass and the objective lens with a medium that has a refractive index equal to the lowest refractive index of these glass components.
How does this work? There is a cone of light extending from a centered point on the specimen to the diameter of the objective lens. The angle of this cone is the Angular Aperture (A.A.). A.A. ranges from 10° for long focus low powered objectives to 140° for short focus high power objectives.
Zur Situation der Jungwissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler in der Psychologie in Österreich
Authors: Bergmann Jakob C. , Mües Hanna M. , Mosbacher Jochen A. , Eckerstorfer Lisa V. , Pomper Ulrich , Malkoc Smirna , Hofer Gabriela , Kachel Timo A. , Goller Florian 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Unsichere Berufsaussichten, Schwierigkeiten hinsichtlich der Work-Life-Balance und gesundheitliche Probleme werden ebenso wie eine mittlere bis hohe Arbeitszufriedenheit mit der Tätigkeit von Jungwissenschaftler_innen (JuWis) assoziiert. Da zur Situation von JuWis, die im Fach Psychologie in Österreich tätig sind, bisher keine systematischen Untersuchungen vorliegen, wurden ihre Arbeitssituation, Arbeitszufriedenheit und Beanspruchung in einer Online-Umfrage untersucht. Die Stichprobe ( N = 97) bestand aus 64 Praedocs (66 % Frauen, MAlter = 29.84 Jahre, SDAlter = 4.00 Jahre) und 33 Postdocs (55 % Frauen, MAlter = 33.39 Jahre, SDAlter = 3.41 Jahre). Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine durch verschiedene Belastungen (z. B. unsichere Karriereplanung durch befristete Verträge, eine hohe Anzahl an zusätzlichen Arbeitsstunden) gekennzeichnete Arbeitssituation von in der Psychologie tätigen JuWis. Die Arbeitszufriedenheit lag dabei im mittleren bis höheren Bereich, die Beanspruchung im mittleren bis niedrigeren Bereich. Es werden einige Bereiche mit Verbesserungspotenzial erkennbar. Aufgrund der geringen Stichprobengröße sind die Repräsentativität sowie die Generalisierbarkeit der Ergebnisse jedoch eingeschränkt. Auf Basis dieser Umfrage werden mögliche Ansatzpunkte zur Verbesserung der aktuellen Situation angeführt. Dieser Artikel soll angehenden JuWis als Orientierungshilfe dienen.
Markedly Enhanced Levels of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (PAN) During COVID‐19 in Beijing
Authors: Qiu Yulu , Ma Zhiqiang , Li Ke , Lin Weili , Tang Yingxiao , Dong Fan , Liao Hong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh levels of secondary air pollutants during COVID‐19 in China have aroused great concern. In Beijing, measured daily mean peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations reached 4 ppb over the lockdown period (24 January to 15 February), whose averages were 2–3 times that before lockdown (1–23 January). The lockdown PAN levels also reached a high historical record based on our long‐term measurements (2016–2019). Unlike ozone and PM2.5, PAN formation depends on less complex photochemistry between NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), providing a novel approach to investigate the wintertime photochemistry during COVID‐19. The GEOS‐Chem simulations suggest a markedly enhanced photochemistry by a factor of 2 during the lockdown. Change of meteorology featuring with anomalous wind convergence under higher temperatures is the main reason for enhanced photochemical formation of PAN, while chemically nonlinear feedbacks also play a role. Our results suggest implementing targeted VOC emission controls in the context of increasing photochemical pollution over this complex polluted region.
Correcting Clear‐Sky Bias in Gross Primary Production Modeling From Satellite Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Data
Authors: Zhang Zhaoying , Zhang Yongguang , Zhang Yao , Chen Jing M. 
Published: September 2020

Key Points

A practical approach is proposed to correct clear‐sky bias in GPP estimation from satellite clear‐sky SIF data
The reduction in GPP due to the decreasing PAR is partly compensated by enhancement of light use efficiency under cloudy conditions
Global terrestrial GPP is obtained from total canopy SIF emission after correcting clear‐sky bias
Evolution of a Normal Fault System Along Eastern Gondwana, New Zealand
Authors: Sahoo T. R. , Nicol A. , Browne G. H. , Strogen D. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Great South Basin (GSB) developed in the Cretaceous from continental rifting at the southeastern margin of Gondwana. The basin contains a thick Cretaceous succession that is largely unaffected by Neogene compressional tectonics, with rift faults and associated growth strata imaged by good‐quality 2‐D and 3‐D seismic data tied to wells. These data show three distinct stages of normal faulting here referred to as fault system initiation (Stage 1), fault system growth (Stage 2), and fault system death (Stage 3). The different stages of fault system evolution comprise dominant NE trending faults (NW‐SE extension), and minor NW trending faults (NE‐SW extension). Fault initiation at ~105–101 Ma mainly occurred in the central GSB with rift depocenters mostly on, or close to, NW trending basement terrane boundaries. These preexisting basement boundaries represent zones of weakness that locally promoted early localization of NW faults and retarded the propagation of NE faults. With increasing regional extension and fault system growth from ~101 to 90 Ma the influence of the basement fabric gradually decreased, while NE trending faults increased in length, number, displacements, and spatial distribution. Finally, during the fault system death stage from ~90 to 83 Ma the length, number and displacements of faults decreased. Fault death coincided in time with Gondwana breakup and reflects the localization of extension along spreading centers distal to the GSB.
Chemical‐Mechanical Impacts of CO2 Intrusion Into Heterogeneous Caprock
Authors: Xiao Ting , Xu Hao , Moodie Nathan , Esser Richard , Jia Wei , Zheng Liange , Rutqvist Jonny , McPherson Brian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe potential economic benefits offered by CO2‐enhanced oil recovery (CO2‐EOR) and storage, including increasing oil production and mitigating CO2 storage cost, make it an attractive approach for reducing CO2 emissions. Sealing formation (caprock) integrity is considered a key risk factor, because of the potential for leaked CO2 or brine migrating into shallow groundwater formations. The primary purpose of this research is to evaluate general caprock sealing efficiency and integrity under typical CO2‐EOR conditions, by assessing the influence of hydrological and mineralogical heterogeneity, possible mineralogical alteration, and potential failure of rock due to hydrological and mineralogical changes. An active CO2‐EOR project at the Farnsworth Unit (FWU) in the northern Texas is selected as a case study. A coupled reactive‐transport‐geomechanics model of the FWU caprock (the Morrow Shale and the Thirteen Fingers Limestone) was developed based on site‐specific geological data. Key results suggest that the Thirteen Fingers Limestone is an effective caprock. After 5,000 years, effectively no supercritical CO2 penetrates this formation, and the penetration depth of dissolved CO2 in aqueous phase does not exceed 10 m. Because of mineral precipitation in the Morrow Shale, maximum porosity decreases ~25% at the reservoir‐caprock interface, suggesting increased caprock sealing efficiency. Geomechanical response of the caprock due to CO2 intrusion and mineral alteration suggests low risk of induced fractures. This study provides a refined evaluation of long‐term caprock integrity as a function of coupled hydrological, chemical, and geomechanical processes and is intended to support future assessment of feasibility and safety of geologic CO2 sequestration.
PKC-δ deficiency in B cells displays osteopenia accompanied with upregulation of RANKL expression and osteoclast–osteoblast uncoupling
Authors: Li Shangfu , Liu Qiuli , Wu Depeng , He Tianwei , Yuan Jinbo , Qiu Heng , Tickner Jennifer , Zheng Song Guo , Li Xiaojuan , Xu Jiake , Rong Limin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPKC-δ is an important molecule for B-cell proliferation and tolerance. B cells have long been recognized to play a part in osteoimmunology and pathological bone loss. However, the role of B cells with PKC-δ deficiency in bone homeostasis and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We generated mice with PKC-δ deletion selectively in B cells by crossing PKC-δ-loxP mice with CD19-Cre mice. We studied their bone phenotype using micro-CT and histology. Next, immune organs were obtained and analyzed. Western blotting was used to determine the RANKL/OPG ratio in vitro in B-cell cultures, ELISA assay and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze in vivo RANKL/OPG balance in serum and bone sections respectively. Finally, we utilized osteoclastogenesis to study osteoclast function via hydroxyapatite resorption assay, and isolated primary calvaria osteoblasts to investigate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. We also investigated osteoclast and osteoblast biology in co-culture with B-cell supernatants. We found that mice with PKC-δ deficiency in B cells displayed an osteopenia phenotype in the trabecular and cortical compartment of long bones. In addition, PKC-δ deletion resulted in changes of trabecular bone structure in association with activation of osteoclast bone resorption and decrease in osteoblast parameters. As expected, inactivation of PKC-δ in B cells resulted in changes in spleen B-cell number, function, and distribution. Consistently, the RANKL/OPG ratio was elevated remarkably in B-cell culture, in the serum and in bone specimens after loss of PKC-δ in B cells. Finally, in vitro analysis revealed that PKC-δ ablation suppressed osteoclast differentiation and function but co-culture with B-cell supernatant reversed the suppression effect, as well as impaired osteoblast proliferation and function, indicative of osteoclast–osteoblast uncoupling. In conclusion, PKC-δ plays an important role in the interplay between B cells in the immune system and bone cells in the pathogenesis of bone lytic diseases.
Controlling spin current polarization through non-collinear antiferromagnetism
Authors: Nan T. , Quintela C. X. , Irwin J. , Gurung G. , Shao D. F. , Gibbons J. , Campbell N. , Song K. , Choi S. -Y. , Guo L. , Johnson R. D. , Manuel P. , Chopdekar R. V. , Hallsteinsen I. , Tybell T. , Ryan P. J. , Kim J. -W. , Choi Y. , Radaelli P. G. , Ralph D. C. , Tsymbal E. Y. , Rzchowski M. S. , Eom C. B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe interconversion of charge and spin currents via spin-Hall effect is essential for spintronics. Energy-efficient and deterministic switching of magnetization can be achieved when spin polarizations of these spin currents are collinear with the magnetization. However, symmetry conditions generally restrict spin polarizations to be orthogonal to both the charge and spin flows. Spin polarizations can deviate from such direction in nonmagnetic materials only when the crystalline symmetry is reduced. Here, we show control of the spin polarization direction by using a non-collinear antiferromagnet Mn3GaN, in which the triangular spin structure creates a low magnetic symmetry while maintaining a high crystalline symmetry. We demonstrate that epitaxial Mn3GaN/permalloy heterostructures can generate unconventional spin-orbit torques at room temperature corresponding to out-of-plane and Dresselhaus-like spin polarizations which are forbidden in any sample with two-fold rotational symmetry. Our results demonstrate an approach based on spin-structure design for controlling spin-orbit torque, enabling high-efficient antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Reductions in commuting mobility correlate with geographic differences in SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in New York City
Authors: Kissler Stephen M. , Kishore Nishant , Prabhu Malavika , Goffman Dena , Beilin Yaakov , Landau Ruth , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Bateman Brian T. , Snyder Jon , Razavi Armin S. , Katz Daniel , Gal Jonathan , Bianco Angela , Stone Joanne , Larremore Daniel , Buckee Caroline O. , Grad Yonatan H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2-related mortality and hospitalizations differ substantially between New York City neighborhoods. Mitigation efforts require knowing the extent to which these disparities reflect differences in prevalence and understanding the associated drivers. Here, we report the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City boroughs inferred using tests administered to 1,746 pregnant women hospitalized for delivery between March 22nd and May 3rd, 2020. We also assess the relationship between prevalence and commuting-style movements into and out of each borough. Prevalence ranged from 11.3% (95% credible interval [8.9%, 13.9%]) in Manhattan to 26.0% (15.3%, 38.9%) in South Queens, with an estimated city-wide prevalence of 15.6% (13.9%, 17.4%). Prevalence was lowest in boroughs with the greatest reductions in morning movements out of and evening movements into the borough (Pearson R = −0.88 [−0.52, −0.99]). Widespread testing is needed to further specify disparities in prevalence and assess the risk of future outbreaks.
Factor analysis of ancient population genomic samples
Authors: François Olivier , Jay Flora 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe recent years have seen a growing number of studies investigating evolutionary questions using ancient DNA. To address these questions, one of the most frequently-used method is principal component analysis (PCA). When PCA is applied to temporal samples, the sample dates are, however, ignored during analysis, leading to imperfect representations of samples in PC plots. Here, we present a factor analysis (FA) method in which individual scores are corrected for the effect of allele frequency drift over time. We obtained exact solutions for the estimates of corrected factors, and we provided a fast algorithm for their computation. Using computer simulations and ancient European samples, we compared geometric representations obtained from FA with PCA and with ancestry estimation programs. In admixture analyses, FA estimates agreed with tree-based statistics, and they were more accurate than those obtained from PCA projections and from ancestry estimation programs. A great advantage of FA over existing approaches is to improve descriptive analyses of ancient DNA samples without requiring inclusion of outgroup or present-day samples.
Time-restricted feeding alters lipid and amino acid metabolite rhythmicity without perturbing clock gene expression
Authors: Lundell Leonidas S. , Parr Evelyn B. , Devlin Brooke L. , Ingerslev Lars R. , Altıntaş Ali , Sato Shogo , Sassone-Corsi Paolo , Barrès Romain , Zierath Juleen R. , Hawley John A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTime-restricted feeding (TRF) improves metabolism independent of dietary macronutrient composition or energy restriction. To elucidate mechanisms underpinning the effects of short-term TRF, we investigated skeletal muscle and serum metabolic and transcriptomic profiles from 11 men with overweight/obesity after TRF (8 h day−1) and extended feeding (EXF, 15 h day−1) in a randomised cross-over design (trial registration: ACTRN12617000165381). Here we show that muscle core clock gene expression was similar after both interventions. TRF increases the amplitude of oscillating muscle transcripts, but not muscle or serum metabolites. In muscle, TRF induces rhythmicity of several amino acid transporter genes and metabolites. In serum, lipids are the largest class of periodic metabolites, while the majority of phase-shifted metabolites are amino acid related. In conclusion, short-term TRF in overweight men affects the rhythmicity of serum and muscle metabolites and regulates the rhythmicity of genes controlling amino acid transport, without perturbing core clock gene expression.
Cryo-EM structure of coronavirus-HKU1 haemagglutinin esterase reveals architectural changes arising from prolonged circulation in humans
Authors: Hurdiss Daniel L. , Drulyte Ieva , Lang Yifei , Shamorkina Tatiana M. , Pronker Matti F. , van Kuppeveld Frank J. M. , Snijder Joost , de Groot Raoul J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe human betacoronaviruses HKU1 and OC43 (subgenus Embecovirus) arose from separate zoonotic introductions, OC43 relatively recently and HKU1 apparently much longer ago. Embecovirus particles contain two surface projections called spike (S) and haemagglutinin-esterase (HE), with S mediating receptor binding and membrane fusion, and HE acting as a receptor-destroying enzyme. Together, they promote dynamic virion attachment to glycan-based receptors, specifically 9-O-acetylated sialic acid. Here we present the cryo-EM structure of the ~80 kDa, heavily glycosylated HKU1 HE at 3.4 Å resolution. Comparison with existing HE structures reveals a drastically truncated lectin domain, incompatible with sialic acid binding, but with the structure and function of the esterase domain left intact. Cryo-EM and mass spectrometry analysis reveals a putative glycan shield on the now redundant lectin domain. The findings further our insight into the evolution and host adaptation of human embecoviruses, and demonstrate the utility of cryo-EM for studying small, heavily glycosylated proteins.
Translational induction of ATF4 during integrated stress response requires noncanonical initiation factors eIF2D and DENR
Authors: Vasudevan Deepika , Neuman Sarah D. , Yang Amy , Lough Lea , Brown Brian , Bashirullah Arash , Cardozo Timothy , Ryoo Hyung Don 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Integrated Stress Response (ISR) helps metazoan cells adapt to cellular stress by limiting the availability of initiator methionyl-tRNA for translation. Such limiting conditions paradoxically stimulate the translation of ATF4 mRNA through a regulatory 5′ leader sequence with multiple upstream Open Reading Frames (uORFs), thereby activating stress-responsive gene expression. Here, we report the identification of two critical regulators of such ATF4 induction, the noncanonical initiation factors eIF2D and DENR. Loss of eIF2D and DENR in Drosophila results in increased vulnerability to amino acid deprivation, susceptibility to retinal degeneration caused by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and developmental defects similar to ATF4 mutants. eIF2D requires its RNA-binding motif for regulation of 5′ leader-mediated ATF4 translation. Consistently, eIF2D and DENR deficient human cells show impaired ATF4 protein induction in response to ER stress. Altogether, our findings indicate that eIF2D and DENR are critical mediators of ATF4 translational induction and stress responses in vivo.
Simultaneous polydirectional transport of colloidal bipeds
Authors: Mirzaee-Kakhki Mahla , Ernst Adrian , de las Heras Daniel , Urbaniak Maciej , Stobiecki Feliks , Gördes Jendrik , Reginka Meike , Ehresmann Arno , Fischer Thomas M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDetailed control over the motion of colloidal particles is relevant in many applications in colloidal science such as lab-on-a-chip devices. Here, we use an external magnetic field to assemble paramagnetic colloidal spheres into colloidal rods of several lengths. The rods reside above a square magnetic pattern and are transported via modulation of the direction of the external magnetic field. The rods behave like bipeds walking above the pattern. Depending on their length, the bipeds perform topologically distinct classes of protected walks. We design parallel polydirectional modulation loops of the external field that command up to six classes of bipeds to walk on distinct predesigned paths. Using such loops, we induce the collision of reactant bipeds, their polymerization addition reaction to larger bipeds, the separation of product bipeds from the educts, the sorting of different product bipeds, and also the parallel writing of a word consisting of several letters. Our ideas and methodology might be transferred to other systems for which topological protection is at work.
Wide range zero-thermal-quenching ultralong phosphorescence from zero-dimensional metal halide hybrids
Authors: Liu Shuya , Fang Xiaoyu , Lu Bo , Yan Dongpeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMaterials with ultralong phosphorescence have wide-ranging application prospects in biological imaging, light-emitting devices, and anti-counterfeiting. Usually, molecular phosphorescence is significantly quenched with increasing temperature, rendering it difficult to achieve high-efficiency and ultralong room temperature phosphorescence. Herein, we spearhead this challenging effort to design thermal-quenching resistant phosphorescent materials based on an effective intermediate energy buffer and energy transfer route. Co-crystallized assembly of zero-dimensional metal halide organic-inorganic hybrids enables ultralong room temperature phosphorescence of (Ph4P)2Cd2Br6 that maintains luminescent stability across a wide temperature range from 100 to 320 K (ΔT = 220 °C) with the room temperature phosphorescence quantum yield of 62.79% and lifetime of 37.85 ms, which exceeds those of other state-of-the-art systems. Therefore, this work not only describes a design for thermal-quenching-resistant luminescent materials with high efficiency, but also demonstrates an effective way to obtain intelligent systems with long-lasting room temperature phosphorescence for optical storage and logic compilation applications.
Sequence specificity analysis of the SETD2 protein lysine methyltransferase and discovery of a SETD2 super-substrate
Authors: Schuhmacher Maren Kirstin , Beldar Serap , Khella Mina S. , Bröhm Alexander , Ludwig Jan , Tempel Wolfram , Weirich Sara , Min Jinrong , Jeltsch Albert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSETD2 catalyzes methylation at lysine 36 of histone H3 and it has many disease connections. We investigated the substrate sequence specificity of SETD2 and identified nine additional peptide and one protein (FBN1) substrates. Our data showed that SETD2 strongly prefers amino acids different from those in the H3K36 sequence at several positions of its specificity profile. Based on this, we designed an optimized super-substrate containing four amino acid exchanges and show by quantitative methylation assays with SETD2 that the super-substrate peptide is methylated about 290-fold more efficiently than the H3K36 peptide. Protein methylation studies confirmed very strong SETD2 methylation of the super-substrate in vitro and in cells. We solved the structure of SETD2 with bound super-substrate peptide containing a target lysine to methionine mutation, which revealed better interactions involving three of the substituted residues. Our data illustrate that substrate sequence design can strongly increase the activity of protein lysine methyltransferases.