bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSIV-B-28 Late-Breaking: Performance and carcass quality of Nelore bull’s progenies with contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity
Authors: Martins Taiane S , Silva Juliana , Mueller Lenise , Amorim Tamyres , Lobo Annelise Aila G , Buarque Vicente , Goméz Juan , Cônsolo Nara , Ferrinho Adrielle D , Muñoz Julian A , Moura Gabriella , Gemelli Jessica , Garbossa Pollyana , Costa Mariana , Zambianco Talles D , Silva Larissa , Mançanares Leonardo , Franckin Vinicius , Modesto Raquel , Sant’Ana Tainara , Ronchi Michel , Ramos Vinicius , Dibo Pedro V , Penã-Bermúdez Yuli A , Silva Saulo L , Baldi Fernando , Pereira Angelica 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance and the carcass traits of Nelore cattle progenies from bulls selected by contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity, through the Expected Progeny Difference (EPD). One hundred and five Nelore bulls (initial weight of 350kg±15kg) and 20 months of age were confined and fed with same diet (73% of concentrate). Thirty-two animals were selected to create the contrasting groups for precocity, growth and muscularity (16 animals assigned as a low EPD group - LEPD and 16 animals assigned as a high EPD group - HEPD), based on the EPD of their parents. The ribeye area and backfat thickness were performed by ultrasonography of 12–13th rib fat thickness and longissimus muscle area (LMA), as well as rump fat thickness (RF) measurements. Animals were harvested after 100 days and during the deboning, meat cuts were weight for cutting yield. The animals selected for the HEPD group had greater average daily gain (P = 0.006), which can be explained by the higher feed intake (P = 0.006). However, there are no difference between groups for the final body weight (P = 0.254) and feed efficiency (P = 0.715). The LEPD group presented higher dressing percentage (P = 0.028). Although the groups evaluated did not presented difference in LMA (P = 0.329) and weight of longissimus muscle (P = 0.480), the weight of rump displayed heaviest in the HEPD (P = 0.037). There was no difference between groups for RF (P = 0.086). Nevertheless, backfat thickness was higher in HEPD group (P = 0.006). The present study indicates that Nelore cattle progenies, with parents displaying higher potential for precocity, growth, and muscularity, show greater backfat thickness and weightiest of rump than the other genetic backgrounds. Thanks to FAPESP for the scholarship (Grant # 2017/02349–1).
PSIV-B-29 Late-Breaking: Evaluation of arginine requirements of growing &gt; 14 week to 9 month old Labrador retrievers using differing diet formulations and the indicator amino acid oxidation technique
Authors: Coon Craig N , Varney Jessica L , Weil Jordan T , Fowler Jason W , Boggess Mary Ann 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Over time, the need to update amino acid requirements for canines is increasingly important due to genetic selection and the demand for more advanced diets. Amino acid requirements can be determined through differing methods including, but not limited to, nitrogen balance studies and the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique. In this study, the IAAO method was studied on a total of six growing Labrador Retrievers to determine their individual amino acid requirements. Twelve test diets with varying levels of Arg were utilized to conduct this experiment. Six diets contained excess Lys with respect to Arg (Group 1), while the remaining diets contained lower Lys inclusions (Group 2). Diets were formulated to 1.6x NRC values for all indispensable amino acids, including Lys. Group 2 diet formulations were formulated the same as Group I, except the test Lys was set at 0.1% above test Arg levels. The control diet was fed for two days, followed by a day in which the test diet was fed, a tracer amino acid was supplied, and breath samples were collected. On test day, a priming dose of L-[1-13C]phenylalanine (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc.) based on the subject’s body weight was first supplied, followed by [1-13C]Phe doses every thirty minutes, spanning a four hour period. A respiration mask was placed on each subject every thirty minutes (Oxymax, Columbus Instruments), 13CO2 was collected, and enrichment was determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Results for IRMS were converted to atom percent excess (APE) and analyzed using a piecewise model of best fit (JMP Pro 14.1). Through the segmented line regression, the arginine mean requirement and population safe requirements of growing dogs in Groups 1 and 2 was found to be 1.49 ± 0.30 and 1.38 ± 0.21 g/1000 kcal ME (mean ± 2SD), respectively.
PSIV-B-26 Late-Breaking: Polyunsaturated fatty acids and methionine supplementation during late gestation alters fetal liver development in sheep
Authors: Velazquez Milca Rosa , Batistel Fernanda , Rodriguez Juan Pinos , Relling Alejandro E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids or methionine have a fetal programming effect in mammals. However, the effect of both nutrients on fetal development and DNA methylation have not been explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), methionine, or both to ewes during late gestation on fetus development and liver global DNA methylation. Twenty ewes (n = 5) were supplemented from day 100 to 145 of gestation. The treatments were: 1) control diet (CONT) without EPA and DHA supplementation (PUFA) or methionine supplementation (MET); 2) control plus PUFA (1 % Ca salts of fatty acids intake, Strata G113®); 3) control plus MET (0.1 % rumen protected methionine intake, Smartamine®); and 4) control plus PUFA and MET (PUFA+MET). On day 145, ewes were euthanized and fetuses were removed. Ewe, fetus, placenta, and fetal liver were weighed. Plasma samples were collected from ewes and fetuses to measure concentration of glucose and NEFA. Liver global DNA methylation was analyzed. Data was analyzed as a complete randomized experiment with a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Ewe supplementation did not affect (P &gt; 0.1) fetus and placental weight. There was an interaction of treatment effect (P = 0.02) on fetal liver weight and ewe BW; CONT and PUFA+MET were grater that PUFA and MET. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.10) on ewe and fetus NEFA as well as fetus glucose, but MET increased (P = 0.03) ewe plasma glucose concentration. Both treatments affected liver global DNA methylation of fetus (main effects P &lt; 0.01; interaction P = 0.32); all the treatments increased global DNA methylation compared, with CONT, and PUFA+MET has greater than PUFA and MET. In conclusion PUFA and methionine supplementation in late gestation modified fetus liver development and DNA methylation.
PSIV-B-24 Late-Breaking: Effect of initial body weight variation on growth performance of finishing Nellore cattle
Authors: Sandes Michael D , Souza Rafahel , Menezes Guilherme , Souza Rogério , Hoffmann Carly A , Fonsenca Pedro , Jayme Diogo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The increased number of beef cattle entering feedlot operations in Brazil has increased, thus leading to increased productivity, livestock density rate, and improved carcass traits. The age and condition in which animals enter the feedlot is often neglected and may result in increased pen heterogeneity and might impact the growth development of the animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the initial weight variation indicator (IWVI) on confined Nellore breeds on productive performance. A total of 382 pens (38,850 animals) were evaluated for 90 days. The variables evaluated were (IWVI), average daily gain (ADG), gain efficiency (G:F) and net feed conversion (nFC). The experimental design was determined by the amplitude of the mean and high volume of homogeneity. A non-parametric analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test for the comparison of groups, and there was a significant difference using the Mann-Whitney test for the comparison of experimental groups 2 to 2. Significance was determined at (P &lt; 0.017). The highest ADG was 1.59 kg, observed for the pens with lower IWVI. The lowest ADG was 1.46 kg, observed in the pens with higher IWVI. The lower IWVI showed higher G:F (6.36) and nFC (131.01 kg) compared to more variable initial weight pens (1.82 and 148.09 kg, respectively). Lower initial weight variations per pen had a positive effect on average daily gain, gain efficiency and net feed conversion. Initial body weight variation seems to be an important factor feedlots should consider upon Nellore cattle arrival.
PSIV-B-30 Late-Breaking: Effects of wheat straw bedding usage on hide tag scores during winter and spring in finishing feedlot cattle fed in eastern South Dakota
Authors: Smerchek Dathan , Smith Zachary K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hide tag scores (TS; 1 to 5 point scale; 1=no tag, clean hide and 5=lumps of manure attached to the hide continuously on the underbelly and side of the animal from brisket to rear quarter) were collected on March 22 or March 25, 2019 (winter), and on May 10, 2019 (spring) from pens of 5 to 8 head of steers and heifers housed in 7.6 × 7.6 m concrete pens at the Ruminant Nutrition Center in Brookings, SD. Treatments included: 1) 2.5 kg (as is basis) of bedding/animal/d (n = 8 pens; HI); 2) 1.8 kg (as is basis) of bedding/animal/d (n = 15 pens; LO); or 3) no bedding (n = 15 pens; NO). Pen TS distribution was analyzed using a multinomial distribution approach appropriate for a CRD. Winter: There was greater (P = 0.01) TS 2 in HI compared to LO and NO (42.5 vs. 4.2 and 0.0 ± 7.27%). Cattle in HI had greater (P = 0.01) TS 3 compared to LO and NO (55.0 vs. 25.8 and 5.0 ± 10.20%). Cattle in LO and NO had greater (P = 0.01) TS 4 compared to HI (59.2 and 45.6 vs. 2.5 ± 10.48%). Cattle in NO had greater (P = 0.01) TS 5 compared to LO and HI (49.4 vs 10.8 and 0.0 ± 8.80%). Spring: HI had the greatest (P = 0.01; 5.0 vs. 0.0 and 0.0 ± 1.56%) TS 1. Cattle in HI had the greatest (P = 0.01) TS 2 compared to NO and LO (55.0 vs. 23.7 and 21.4 ± 7.58%). Cattle in HI had lower (P = 0.01) TS 3 compared to NO and LO (37.5 vs. 69.5 and 65.6 ± 8.40%). No differences (P ≥ 0.13) for TS’s 4 and 5 were detected during the spring. These data indicate that greater amounts of bedding results in less severe TS and TS became less severe as the season changed from winter to spring.
PSIV-B-35 Late-Breaking: Integrating target metabolomic and global proteomic analyses reveals a selenium shift energy metabolism by regulating the redox state in skeletal muscle of pigs
Authors: Zhang Junmin , Tang Chaohua , Zhang Kai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Selenium (Se) is involved in the synthesis of 25 mammal selenoproteins, most of which are oxidation enzymes. Energy metabolism is a major mechanism of power reduction needed to maintain the redox state. Whether energy metabolism in pig skeletal muscle is shifted by the Se-mediated redox state remains unclear. In this study, integrated target metabolomic and global proteomic analyses were used to study how skeletal muscle energy metabolism shifts in response to dietary Se. Twenty-four Yorkshire male pigs (12.50 ± 1.32 kg) were fed a basal diet (Se deficiency, Se-D, 0.007 mg Se/kg) or a basal diet supplemented with selenomethionine (Se adequate, Se-A, 0.3 mg Se/kg) for 16 weeks. Animals were then scarified and their longissimus dorsi were sampled for meat quality, Se content, redox state, selenotranscriptome, global proteomics, and energy-targeted metabolomic profile analysis. Longissimus dorsi water holding capacity in the Se-D group was significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.001). Se content in the Se-D group (0.02 ± 0.003 mg Se/kg) was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.001) than that in the Se-A group (0.48 ± 0.03 mg Se/kg). A total of 15 selenoprotein mRNA levels were significantly affected (P &lt; 0.05), in which 13 were downregulated and two were upregulated in the Se-D group. Compared to those in the Se-A group, the glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activity, as well as the total antioxidant capacity were significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05), while the MDA levels were significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001) in the Se-D group. The metabolomic and proteomic analyses showed significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) levels of glucose-6-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, phosphoglucomutase-1, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase in the Se-D group compared to those in the Se-A group. These results indicated that Se can regulate glycolysis by modulating the redox state in skeletal muscle of pigs.
PSIV-B-41 Late-Breaking: The effect of TP, ALC and NAC cocktail on the oxidation-reduction system of mouse early embryo during in vitro culture
Authors: Zhou Jing , lou An Gang , Ihsan Ali , Li Zhong Shu , fang Nan-zhu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
During in vitro culture, the growth environment of embryos cannot be completely simulated as an in vivo, because the embryos are exposed to oxidative stress (OS) for a long time. However, the supplementation of antioxidants to the culture medium is undoubtedly the most effective method to reduce OS. Previous Studies have shown that TP, ALC and NAC alone have antioxidant effects on OS embryos during different stages of the oxidation-reduction reaction system respectively. Therefore in the current study we used TP, ALC and NAC in combination to improve the quality of early mice embryo and its effects on the embryo endogenous oxidation-reduction reaction system, to minimize the obstacles in the process of in vitro embryo during oxidative stress. The expression of endogenous genes in embryos was detected by RT-PCR, and the ROS and GSH levels in embryos were determined by DCHFDA and CMF2HC staining respectively. The combine supplementation of TP, ALC and NAC significantly up-regulate the expression of oxidase genes (NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, Duox1 and Duox2) in embryo, and effectively promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes genes (SOD1,SOD2,CAT, GPx1,GPx2 and GPx4) in the embryo. In addition, the supplementation of TP, ALC and NAC also up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 gene in embryo (P ﹤ 0.01）as compare to other groups. Moreover the addition of TP, ALC and NAC to embryo culture medium significantly decreased the ROS level (P ﹤ 0.01）and increased the GSH level (P ﹤ 0.01）as compare to control and other treated groups. In conclusion the present study shows that the supplementation of TP, ALC and NAC cocktail can promote the early mouse embryo development, effectively upregulate GSH and down-regulate the ROS level in early mouse embryo during IVC. Moreover it up-regulate the expression of oxidase and antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2 genes.
PSXIV-2 Late-Breaking: The effect of nicotinamide riboside on pork loin chop color stability – a pilot study
Authors: Gonzalez John M , Paulk Chad , Dunmire Kara , Houser Terry , O’Quinn Travis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this pilot study was to examine the effect of oral supplementation of nicotinamide riboside chloride (NR) on pork loin chop color stability. Seven days prior to the beginning of the experiment, 10 finishing barrows (initial BW 111.9±1.6 kg) were assigned to individual pens that allowed ad libitum access to food and water. Barrows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 NR treatments, 0 or 30 mg/kg daily of NR (ChromaDex, Irvine, CA) mixed in Karo syrup and administered by oral gavage. Barrows were administered their assigned treatment for 10 d, after which they were harvested under USDA inspection. Twenty-four hours postmortem, whole-boneless loins were fabricated, vacuum packaged, and aged for 10 d. Loins were cut into 3 chops immediately posterior to the spinalis dorsi, with chop 1 being used for day-0 metmyoglobin reducing ability (MRA) analysis, chop 2 being used for day-4 MRA and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analyses, and chop 3 for 8-day objective/subjective color evaluation and MRA and OCR analyses. There were no Treatment × Day interactions for all objective and subjective color measurements (P &gt; 0.77). Day of display affected all measures consistent with the discoloration of meat (P &lt; 0.02), except L* value which was not affected (P = 0.14). Objective measures indicated NR chops had greater a*, greater surface oxymyoglobin, and less surface metmyoglobin formation over the 8-day display period (P &lt; 0.01). Panelists indicated NR chops had less discoloration form over the entire 8-day display period (P &lt; 0.01), but treatment did not affect OCR and MRA (P &gt; 0.19). Feeding NR at the end of the finishing period may enhance visual pork loin chop color during simulated retail display; however, a larger study is needed to confirm this finding.
PSXIV-42 Late-Breaking: Effects of yeast cell wall product on growth performance, immune responses, and gene expression of tight junction proteins of weaned pigs
Authors: Kyoung Hyunjin , Cho Myungwoo , Lee Hanbae , Park Sangwoo , Kang Joowon , Mun Daye , Kim Soyun , Seo Dongoh , Lee Jeongjae , Choe Jeehwan , Song Minho 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate effects of yeast cell wall product on growth performance, immune responses, and gene expression of tight junction proteins of weaned pigs. A total of 112 weaned pigs (7.98 ± 0.43 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments (8 pigs/pen; 7 replicates/treatments) for 4 weeks in a randomized complete block design (block = BW). Dietary treatments were 1) a commercial basal nursery diet (CON) and 2) CON + 0.05% yeast cell wall product (YCW, EasyBio Inc., Seoul, Korea). Blood was collected from one randomly selected pig per pen on d 0, 7, and 14 after weaning. The randomly selected one pig per replicate was euthanized to collect ileum tissue samples at the end of the experimental period. Measurements were growth performance, number of white blood cells (WBC) by an automated hematology analyzer calibrated for porcine blood, cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by the ELISA, and gene expression of tight junction in ileum tissues. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. The statistical model for every measurement included dietary effect and BW as a covariate. Pigs fed YCW had higher (P &lt; 0.10) ADG than those fed CON during overall experimental period. Pigs fed YCW had lower WBC on d 14 (P &lt; 0.10), TNF-α on d 7 (P &lt; 0.10), and decreased IL-1β on d 14 (P &lt; 0.05) than those fed CON. In addition, The YCW increased (P &lt; 0.05) expression of Claudin family, Occludin, Muc1, INF-α, and IL-6, but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) expression of TNF-α genes in the ileum tissues compared with CON. In conclusion, addition of yeast cell wall product in the nursery diet improved growth performance and gut health and modified immune responses of weaned pigs.
PSV-25 Mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle early postmortem is influenced by cattle breed and temperature
Authors: Ramos Patricia , Li Chengcheng , Elzo Mauricio , Wohlgemuth Stephanie , Scheffler Tracy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Functional properties and integrity of skeletal muscle mitochondria during the early postmortem period may influence development of meat quality traits, such as tenderness. Angus typically produce more tender beef than Brahman, a Bos taurus indicus subspecies known for heat tolerance. Thus, our objectives were to assess mitochondrial function in muscle collected early postmortem from Angus and Brahman cattle; and to evaluate the effect of normal and elevated temperature on mitochondria function. Longissimus lumborum was collected at 1h postmortem from Angus and Brahman steers, and high resolution respirometry was used to assess mitochondrial function in permeabilized muscle fibers at two temperatures (38.5 and 40.0°C). The main effects of breed, temperature, and their interaction were tested. On a tissue weight basis, parameters of respiratory function were not influenced by breed or temperature, though Brahman exhibited numerically greater values for respiration supported by complex I, complex I+II, and complex II substrates. Citrate synthase activity, a marker of mitochondria content, was affected by breed (P = 0.049). Consequently, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) data were normalized to citrate synthase activity. After normalization for mitochondrial content, the overall mitochondria OCR pattern changed, revealing differences among breeds for proton leak respiration (P = 0.045), as well as a persistent interaction effect primarily related to reduced OCR in mitochondria from Brahman at 40.0°C. In addition, the ratio of OCR for leak relative to complex I+II phosphorylation was lower in Brahman, evidencing greater coupling. However, mean coupling ratios for both Angus and Brahman support that respiration and phosphorylation were well-coupled for both breeds even at 1h postmortem. Thus, mitochondria retain functional capacity and integrity at 1h postmortem; and mitochondria properties may be related to differences in heat tolerance and meat quality development between cattle subspecies.
PSV-23 Prediction of retail yield for purebred and crossbred Jersey cattle raised for natural markets
Authors: Jaborek Jerad R , Relling Alejandro E , Moeller Steven J , Zerby Henry N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The USDA yield grade (YG) equation is used to predict the cutability of beef carcasses for the more accurate payment of cattle when sold in grid pricing systems. In the United States, an increasing percent of Jersey genetics are being implemented into dairy farms, which is resulting in a greater percent of Jersey genetics contributing to the fed beef cattle supply. Cattle (n = 91) were fed a similar diet, harvested, and fabricated into boneless closely trimmed retail cuts (BCTRC). Inconsistencies occurred between the calculated USDA YG and %BCTRC compared to actual measures from purebred and crossbred Jersey cattle. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the validity of the current USDA YG equation to predict the cutability of purebred and crossbred Jersey cattle raised for natural markets. Data were analyzed in SAS with the mixed model: Yijklm = μ + (EQ×HCW)ij + (EQ×BFT)ik + (EQ×LMA)il + (EQ×KPH)im + eijklm, where EQi = the USDA predicted estimates or actual Jersey measurements. Jersey YG [Y=9.66+(0.005×HCW)+(0.54×BFT)+(-0.035×LMA)+(0.083×KPH)] and %BCTRC [Y=34.68+(-0.012×HCW)+(-1.01×BFT)+(0.081×LMA)+(-0.192×KPH)] equations more accurately predicted the retail yield of the purebred and crossbred Jersey cattle in the present study compared to the current USDA equations. The parameter estimates for the y-intercept (P ≤ 0.01), BFT (P ≤ 0.01), and LMA (P = 0.06) were different between the current USDA YG and the Jersey YG equations and current %BCTRC and the Jersey %BCTRC equations. Mean differences between the calculated and actual YG and % BCTRC were 5.8 USDA YG and 13.1% BCTRC. In conclusion, the current USDA YG equation over predicted the retail yield of purebred and crossbred Jersey cattle in the current study. Evidence of such disparities between calculated and actual values may warrant a reevaluation for the use of the USDA YG for the prediction of beef carcass retail yield for fed cattle with Jersey influence.