bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Geotechnical Indexes and Landslide Occurrence in Southwestern Cyprus Using GIS and Machine Learning
Authors: Tzampoglou Ploutarchos , Loukidis Dimitrios , Tsangaratos Paraskevas , Anastasiades Aristodemos , Karalis Konstantinos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Landslides are significantly influenced by the properties of the geological materials. As such, effective landslide susceptibility and hazard assessment necessitates the use of carefully selected and well-organized spatial data on geology and ground characteristics. The present study explores the spatial correlation between landslides and geotechnical indexes pertinent to the problem of slope stability. For this purpose, a geodatabase containing geotechnical properties was created for the southwestern part of the island of Cyprus, an area noted for its frequent ground instability issues and the availability of a comprehensive landslide database. Then, statistical correlations are established between the recorded landslides (active and inactive) in the region and key geotechnical, geological and geomorphological factors. The analysis was initially performed using the Frequency Ratio method, followed by two advanced machine learning techniques, namely Random Forest and Shapley Additive Explanations. The analysis results reveal that for weak argillaceous geomaterials, the clay content and plasticity index constitute high importance variables, followed by the geomorphological factors such as the slope angle. In rocky formations with clear rock mass structure, as main factors emerge the Geological Strength Index and the uniaxial compressive strength. The strong correlation identified between geotechnical factors and the spatial distribution of landslides underscores the potential benefit of integrating these variables in landslide susceptibility and hazard analysis methodologies. This adjusted emphasis provides clearer insights into the relationship between geological properties and landslide occurrences, which is crucial for developing more accurate predictive models and effective mitigation strategies.
Personal factors in the career development of early career researchers in Kenya and implications for models of mentoring practice
Authors: Kay Simon , Karmowska Joanna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis qualitative study responds to recent calls for decolonisation of research agendas and explores some personal factors impacting the development of research careers in an under-researched context of Africa, more specifically Kenya. Personal factors as well as academic careers are dependent on cultural and institutional contexts, hence findings from studies conducted in Western context cannot be considered fully relevant to inform mentoring practices in Africa. The experience of eighteen Kenyan nationals with PhD degrees was explored retrospectively using semi-structured interviews, followed by thematic analysis. Results point to new perspectives on development of early career researchers (ECRs) in Kenyan context, which differ from those known from studies in the Western contexts. The findings indicate the role of spirituality and faith in bolstering personal agency. It underpins ECR’s resilience as well as decision making. Furthermore, commitment to the service of community and wider Kenyan society has been identified as a strong driving factor in shaping career and research identity. Holistic mentoring emerges as a crucial factor in development of ECRs in the Kenyan context. A novel conceptual model of ECR development capturing the above-mentioned influences is presented and recommendations are made for a practical framework for mentoring of ECRs in Kenya.
Microplastics in aquatic systems: A comprehensive review of its distribution, environmental interactions, and health risks
Authors: Pal Divya , Prabhakar Roshan , Barua Visva Bharati , Zekker Ivar , Burlakovs Juris , Krauklis Andrejs , Hogland William , Vincevica-Gaile Zane 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become a critical pollutant, accumulating in aquatic ecosystems and posing significant environmental and human health risks. Approximately 5.25 trillion plastic particles float in global oceans, releasing up to 23,600 metric tonnes of dissolved organic carbon annually, which disrupts microbial dynamics. MPs arise from the breakdown of larger plastics, degraded by photodegradation, thermal degradation, and biological processes, which are influenced by polymer type and environmental factors. As carriers, MPs absorb and transport contaminants such as heavy metals, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) across trophic levels, thereby increasing toxicity within food webs. Key aquatic organisms, including microalgae, molluscs, and fish, experience cellular toxicity, oxidative stress, and disruptions in essential functions due to MP ingestion or adhesion, raising concerns about their bioaccumulation in humans through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The complex surface chemistry of MPs enhances their pollutant adsorption, a process modulated by environmental pH, salinity, and contamination levels, while aging and structural attributes further impact their bioavailability and toxicity. This review consolidates knowledge on MPs’ occurrence, transformation, pollutant interactions, and methodologies for sampling and analysis, emphasizing advancements in spectroscopy and imaging techniques to improve MP detection in aquatic environments. These insights underscore the pressing need for standardized analytical protocols and comprehensive toxicological research to fully understand MPs’ effects on ecosystems and human health, informing future mitigation strategies and policy development.

Graphical abstract
The Impact of Language Discordance on Acquiring Broad Social History: A Qualitative Study of Patients, Clinicians, and Interpreters
Authors: Doshi Bansri , Luna Isabel , Quesada Ruby , Garcia Maria E. , Fernandez Alicia , Khoong Elaine C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
By acquiring a broad social history (BSH), which includes aspects of patients’ social needs in addition to their hobbies and activities, values, and perspectives on care, clinicians can provide more patient-centered care, which is known to improve health outcomes. However, the impact of patient-clinician language discordance on acquisition of BSH has not been well studied.

Objective
To ascertain whether language discordance impacts clinicians’ acquisition of patients’ BSH by interviewing patients, clinicians, and medical interpreters.

Design
Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews, followed by thematic analysis using rapid qualitative data analysis methods.

Participants (or Patients or Subjects)
We interviewed 8 Spanish-speaking and 5 English-speaking patients seen for primary care within a public hospital in San Francisco, 6 primary care clinicians, and 8 medical interpreters.

Approach
All interviews were recorded and transcribed. The transcriptions were summarized into domains using rapid qualitative data analysis. The summaries were displayed in a matrix and used to generate themes and subthemes.

Key Results
Analysis of interviews highlighted two overarching themes concerning BSH acquisition. One theme was the importance of BSH: namely, it is critical for patient-clinician relationships and personalized care. Commonly elicited BSH facets were social drivers of health, but leisure activities were less frequently asked. The second theme described ways in which language discordance, via the need for interpretation, affects the collection of BSH, both through increasing time pressure, and hindering rapport-building strategies. Cultural barriers pose an obstacle to BSH acquisition and may operate independently of language discordance.

Conclusions
Our results suggest two action steps for health systems: (a) apportioning more time for language-discordant visits to increase rapport-building and BSH acquisition, and (b) increasing training for clinicians on acquiring BSH when working with interpreters. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship between language discordance, acquisition of BSH, and patient outcomes.
Impact of Medically Tailored Meals on Clinical Outcomes Among Low-Income Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Clark Jeanne M. , Maw May Thu Thu , Pettway Kathy , Chander Geetanjali , Elias Susan , Zisow-McClean Sam , Maruthur Nisa M. , Greer Raquel C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and adverse social determinants of health experience barriers to healthful eating, and achieve poorer glycemic control and clinical outcomes.

Objective
To examine the impact of medically tailored meals (MTM) with medical nutrition therapy (MNT) on clinical outcomes among adults with DM.

Design
Pilot randomized controlled trial.

Participants
English-speaking adults with DM and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) levels > 8% insured by Maryland Medicaid plans.

Intervention
The treatment group received home delivery of 12 medically tailored, frozen meals and a fresh produce bag weekly for 3 months, and individual calls with a registered dietitian monthly for 6 months in addition to usual care. The control group received usual care. Outcomes were change from baseline to 6 months in A1c (primary), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, food insecurity, and diabetes-related quality of life, knowledge, and self-efficacy (secondary).

Key Results
We randomized 74 adults; 77% completed data collection. The mean age was 48 years, 40% were male, 77% were Black, and the mean A1c was 10.3%. Eighty-six percent of meals were delivered, and on average 4.8 nutrition visits were completed. At 6 months, both groups had similar improvements in A1c (− 0.7 vs. − 0.6%); the control group reported more favorable changes in diabetes medications. Changes in systolic blood pressure and BMI at 6 months did not differ between groups. Diabetes-related quality of life, knowledge, and self-efficacy improved modestly, but not differently by group. Food insecurity decreased significantly from baseline to 3 months in the intervention (53 to 17%) compared to control (48 to 44%; p < 0.05), which lessened but remained significant at 6 months.

Conclusions
Recruitment and retention of an at-risk group of adults with DM was feasible. Intervention uptake was good but did not improve clinical outcomes. More comprehensive and clinically integrated interventions are likely needed to achieve significant clinical benefits.

ClinicalTrials.gov Registration
NCT04034511.
Understanding consumers’ behaviour for a more sustainable product design and reduced energy consumption in automatic dishwashing – an Australian household investigation and learning from a comparison with European ecodesign
Authors: Alt Thomas , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAutomatic dishwashing is an example of a complex socio-technical system with an interplay between a variety of factors and participants, including manufacturers, technology, regulators, consumer practices, cultural norms and infrastructure. Understanding this system is a prerequisite to find the right levers to optimise it. In this context, automatic dishwashing in Australia is studied by modelling the installed base of dishwashers in Australian households and recording the consumer usage of dishwashers in detail in a representative way. The information from both combined allows one to estimate the actual average use of resources (energy, water) and programme duration of dishwashers. Analysing the consumer behaviour opens the way to find optimisations of the consumer behaviour which would allow a saving of resources (more than 20 % on electrical energy) without deteriorating the performance and practical use of the dishwashers. Moreover, the comparison of the Australian socio-technical system around automatic dishwashers with the European system allows one to find a possible saving of another 20 % on energy caused by differences in the regulatory framework for those appliances.
Moralische Gefühle im Studium
Authors: Großmaß Ruth 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Aus der psychologischen Forschung wissen wir, dass Entscheidungen und Handlungsimpulse von Gefühlen begleitet sind, was insbesondere gilt, wenn Moral im Spiel ist. Gefühle wie Mitgefühl, Stolz, Scham oder Empörung sind so eng an moralische Überzeugungen gebunden, dass sie als „moralische Gefühle“ gelten. Der Beitrag untersucht die Bedeutung von moralischen Gefühlen während eines Studiums, einer Lebensphase mit spezifischen Herausforderungen und Entwicklungsimpulsen.
Wellbeing and burnout in schoolteachers: the psychophysiological case for self-compassion
Authors: Maratos Frances A. , Parente Fabio , Sahota Tarnjot J. , Sheffield David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Schoolteachers are a profession at high risk for workplace burnout. The Jobs Demands-Resource model is useful in understanding burnout in this population. However, a better understanding of what psychological and physiological factors serve as demands and resources, and how these might interact to predict burnout is needed. In this study, we obtained cardiac activity (Heart Rate Variability) over a working day, as well as self-reported stress and psychological measures of self-compassion, self-criticism, emotional exhaustion and dysregulation, depersonalisation, self-reassurance and personal accomplishment in a sample of 57 primary school staff. A logistic regression analysis identified self-compassion (OR = 12.91, 95% CI = 1.62–180.74) and self-criticism (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.07–1.56) to be most strongly related to differences in Heart Rate Variability (root mean square of successive differences) between self-reported rest periods and periods of high stress. In addition, a mediation analysis revealed self-criticism was a significant predictor of the depersonalisation facet of burnout (z = 2.16, p = .03), whereas results for self-compassion were more complex and were mediated by physiological coping (i.e., Heart Rate Variability) (z = 2.60, p = .009). In the context of the Job Demands-Resources Model, we conclude that self-compassion can serve as an additional resource that can protect individuals in high-stress and demanding roles. Additionally, we recommend future research investigates compassion-focused interventions as part of institutional efforts to manage workplace stress and help ameliorate burnout in high-risk professional groups.
Open for business: how leader ambivalence facilitates upward follower communication via perceptions of increased cognitive flexibility and responsiveness
Authors: Hohnsbehn Jana-Maria , Pauels Eileen , Schneider Iris K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Leaders often find themselves in complex situations in which they must navigate competing and contradictory demands. Consequently, leaders often experience ambivalence. While followers pay close attention to leaders and use their leaders’ behaviors and emotions as cues for modeling their own behavior, there is little empirical work exploring how followers perceive leader ambivalence and how these perceptions affect followers. Therefore, in three studies (total N = 879), we examined whether perceiving leader ambivalence could facilitate followers’ willingness to speak up. We also investigated the underlying mechanism of this effect, testing whether perceptions of leader ambivalence led to inferences of both higher leader cognitive flexibility and responsiveness, which then would increase the likelihood that followers speak up. In line with our hypotheses, followers showed a greater willingness to speak up when perceiving an ambivalent leader than a non-ambivalent leader. This effect was serially mediated by perceptions of both increased leader cognitive flexibility and responsiveness. Study 3 also showed that when followers perceived an ambivalent leader, they expected fewer negative consequences when speaking up about a variety of issues (e.g., response to dissatisfaction). We discuss the implications of our findings for future research on ambivalence in leadership and organizational contexts.
Totally Geodesic Submanifolds and Polar Actions on Stiefel Manifolds
Authors: Gorodski Claudio , Kollross Andreas , Rodríguez-Vázquez Alberto 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We classify totally geodesic submanifolds of the real Stiefel manifolds of orthogonal two-frames. We also classify polar actions on these Stiefel manifolds, specifically, we prove that the orbits of polar actions are lifts of polar actions on the corresponding Grassmannian. In the case of cohomogeneity one actions we are able to obtain a classification for all real, complex and quaternionic Stiefel manifolds of k-frames.
Enabling Experimental Impulse-Based Substructuring Through Time Domain Deconvolution and Downsampling
Authors: Zobel O.M. , Trainotti F. , Rixen D.J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDynamic substructuring, especially the frequency-based variant (FBS) using frequency response functions (FRF), is gaining in popularity and importance, with countless successful applications, both numerically and experimentally. One drawback, however, is found when the responses to shocks are determined. Numerically, this might be especially expensive when a huge number of high-frequency modes have to be accounted for to correctly predict response amplitudes to shocks. In all cases, the initial response predicted using frequency-based substructuring might be erroneous, due to the forced periodization of the Fourier transform. This drawback can be eliminated by completely avoiding the frequency domain and remaining in the time domain, using the impulse-based substructuring method (IBS), which utilizes impulse response functions (IRF). While this method has already been utilized successfully for numerical test cases, none of the attempted experimental applications were successful. In this paper, an experimental application of IBS to rods considered as one-dimensional is tested in the context of shock analysis, with the goal of correctly predicting the maximum driving point response peak. The challenges related to experimental IBS applications are discussed and an improvement attempt is made by limiting the frequency content considered through low-pass filtering and downsampling. The combination of a purely time domain based estimation procedure for the IRFs and the application of low-pass filtering with downsampling to the measured responses enabled a correct prediction of the initial shock responses of the rods with IBS experimentally, using displacements, velocities and accelerations.
Auto-tuning for HPC storage stack: an optimization perspective
Authors: Liu Zhangyu , Wang Jinqiu , Wu Huijun , Ma Qingzhen , Peng Lin , Tang Zhanyong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Storage stack layers in high-performance computing (HPC) systems offer many tunable parameters controlling I/O behaviors and underlying file system settings. The setting of these parameters plays a decisive role in I/O performance. Nevertheless, the increasing complexity of data operations and storage architectures makes identifying a set of well-performing configurations a challenge. Auto-tuning is a promising technology. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on "Auto-tuning in HPC I/O". We expound a general storage structure based on a general storage stack and critical elements of auto-tuning, and categorize related studies according to the way of tuning. On the basis of the order in which the approaches were applied, we introduce the specific works of each approach in detail, and summarize and compare the pros and cons of these approaches. Through a comprehensive and in-depth study of existing research, we elaborate on the development history of auto-tuning technology in HPC I/O, analyze the current situation, and provide guidance for optimization technology in the future.
The Global Governance Problem with Framing Human Trafficking as ‘Modern Slavery’: The Experiences of International Actors in Human Trafficking Policymaking
Authors: Broad Rose , Turnbull Nick 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHuman trafficking legislation and policy have increasingly been developed in jurisdictions across the world since being defined in the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime in 2000. In this context, the UK Modern Slavery Act 2015 sought to distinguish the actions of the UK with the then Prime Minister, Theresa May claiming that the legislation would ‘lead the way in defeating modern slavery and preserving the freedoms and values that have defined our country for generations’ (May, in Defeating modern slavery, 2016). International coordination and engagement are an important component of the UK Modern Slavery Strategy, to support other countries in the development of their national legislation. Taken together these mechanisms contribute to a mode of global policymaking through transnational policy communities. Drawing on primary research with people involved in policy development from ten Commonwealth countries, this article identifies the opportunities and limitations of policy making within this space. The domination of the global north in human trafficking policy casts a particular view of the problem of human trafficking that creates barriers to recognising or acknowledging traditions or customs which can embed exploitation and fails to understand the impact of anti-slavery policy narratives that are interpreted through colonial legacies. In this context, although global governance cooperation between countries around modern slavery can be significant, it faces many challenges, not least the practicalities and the aptness of the UK’s leading role in international anti-trafficking and anti-slavery policymaking, which this paper questions.
Estimating the seasonal performance and electricity consumption of retrofitted heat pumps
Authors: Bayer Daniel René , Pruckner Marco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Gas furnaces are the prevalent heating systems in Europe, but efforts to decarbonize the energy sector advocate for their replacement with heat pumps. However, this transition poses challenges for power grids due to increased electricity consumption. Estimating this consumption relies on the seasonal performance factor (SPF) of heat pumps, a metric that is complex to model and hard to measure accurately. We propose using an unpaired dataset of smart meter data at the building level to model the heat consumption and the SPF. We compare the distributions of the annual gas and heat pump electricity consumption by applying either the Jensen–Shannon Divergence or the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Through evaluation of a real-world dataset, we prove the ability of the methodology to predict the electricity consumption of future heat pumps replacing existing gas furnaces with a focus on single- and two-family buildings. Our results indicate anticipated SPFs ranging between 2.8 and 3.4, based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. However, it is essential to note that the analysis reveals challenges associated with interpreting results when there are single-sided shifts in the input data, such as those induced by external factors like the European gas crisis in 2022. In summary, this extended version of a conference paper shows the viability of utilizing smart meter data to model heat consumption and seasonal performance factor for future retrofitted heat pumps.