bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized Predator‐Prey and MPA Based Fishing Strategies for the Baltic Sea
Authors: Taylor Simon , Braack Malte 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMarine protected areas (MPAs) have become the de‐facto mechanism for marine species conservation and management and the ecological benefits of no take zones (NTZs) are supported by an expanding scientific interest in their effectiveness. However, in the south‐western Baltic region there is a paucity of studies on the validity of MPAs, possibly due to the lack of enforcement. In this work we investigate the effects of nonconstant harvesting of a resource simultaneously under predation pressure. We use a functional response of the predator dependent Crowley‐Martin type in age‐structured state equations of a fixed time‐horizon optimal control problem, wherein a pre‐existing MPA may be encountered. Where available, only peer‐reviewed data and biomass stock levels are used for biological parameters in the state equations. Our results for the prey component of the model show that a moderate penalty exists that yields the same benefits as a fully closed reserve. However, taking into account the whole system we observe that an NTZ benefits the predator species too.
Predictors of Pain Concordance Among Caregiver–Child Dyads Undergoing Elective Surgery
Authors: Lim Paulina S. , Fortier Michelle A. , Kaplan Sherrie H. , Masague Sergio Gago , Kain Zeev N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundA total of 80% of children experience postoperative pain following discharge. Effective postoperative pain management involves reliable caregiver pain assessment and/or child self‐report of pain. Unfortunately, caregiver and child ratings of postoperative pain are not always consistent (i.e., concordant). This study aimed to identify postoperative pain concordance among caregiver–child dyads and predictors for postoperative pain discordance.MethodsChildren and their caregivers completed preoperative baseline demographic, anxiety, and distress measures. Postoperatively, children and caregivers completed pain severity ratings using the Child Health Rating Inventories (CHRIS 2.0). On the basis of postoperative pain scores, caregiver–child dyads were classified as overestimators (i.e., caregivers rated pain as higher than children), in agreement, or underestimators (i.e., caregivers rated pain as lower than children).ResultsA large proportion of dyads disagreed on pain ratings (n = 104; 44%), with 64 (27%) caregivers classified as overestimators and 40 (17%) caregivers classified as underestimators. Caregivers were more likely to underestimate male children's pain, β = 1.238, OR = 3.35 (95% CI: 1.26, 9.43), p = 0.16, and Spanish–speaking Latinx caregivers were more likely to underestimate children's pain, β = 2.27, OR = 9.63 (95% CI: 2.35, 39.37), p = 0.002.ConclusionAlthough most caregiver–child dyads agreed with pain ratings, 44% of the dyads disagreed. Among those who disagreed, males from Spanish–speaking Latinx households were at greatest risk of having their pain underestimated by their caregiver, which could be explained by the influence of intersecting social identities on pain beliefs, expression, and behaviors. Future studies should explore how pain discrepancies influence postoperative recovery outcomes for Latinx children.
China's State‐Capitalist Development Model: Is It Viable in Ghana?
Authors: Abankwa Daniel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe relative success of China's state‐capitalist model has reignited debates about state centrality in economic growth and the feasibility of replicating the model in developing countries. Shedding new light on the ongoing dialogue, this study examines the viability of China's model in Ghana and applies the property rights, public choice, and principal‐agent theories to analyze State‐Owned Enterprise (SOE) reforms in Ghana and China. It argues that although Ghana's SOE sector under erstwhile President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo‐Addo saw promising reforms mirroring China's early SOE reforms, the long‐term viability of a state‐capitalist approach is bleak. This is attributable to the non‐facilitatory political practices like regular political transitions and winner‐takes‐all politics, as well as the persistent operational inefficiencies in Ghana's SOE sector. The article contributes to the scholarly narrative suggesting that a wave of China's state capitalist model is gaining prominence in developing countries and potentially overshadowing the neoliberal economic systems prevalent in those countries.Related ArticlesDuggan, N. 2020. “China—The Champion of the Developing World: A Study of China's New Development Model and Its Role in Changing Global Economic Governance.” Politics & Policy 48, no. 5. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12377.Ganda, W. D. 2020. “The China Model in Zimbabwe: The Belt and Road Initiative and Beyond.” Politics & Policy 48, no. 5. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12373.Kinyondo, A. A. 2020. “Does Tanzania's Development Trajectory Borrow from the China Model?” Politics & Policy 48, no. 5:960–987. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12372.
Interplay of Polygenic Risk Score, Smoking Statuses, and Air Pollution on Lung Adenocarcinoma Risk in a Taiwanese Population
Authors: Chen I‐Chieh , Chen Yi‐Ming , Yang Hui‐Wen , Tseng Jeng‐Sen , Yang Tsung‐Ying 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveWe determined the impact of genetic susceptibility and its interaction with smoking and air pollution on the risk of developing lung adenocarcinoma.MethodsThis retrospective case–control study utilised data from Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) project conducted between June 2019 and November 2022. The study population consisted of lung adenocarcinoma patients and 1:4 age‐, gender‐, and index year‐matched non‐lung cancer controls. We analysed polygenic risk scores (PRS), smoking status, as well as PM2.5 and PM10 exposures.ResultsA total of 681 lung adenocarcinoma patients and 2724 non‐lung cancer participants were included. PRS was significantly higher among lung adenocarcinoma patients than controls (p < 0.001). Overall, a higher PRS was associated with a higher risk of lung adenocarcinoma. A high PM2.5 exposure was associated with a higher risk of lung adenocarcinoma (OR 1.88 [95% CI 1.12–3.14], p = 0.0163) among never‐smokers with low genetic risk. Never‐smokers with a higher genetic risk were associated with a higher OR for lung adenocarcinoma with the highest OR among Q4 participants with high PM2.5 exposure (4.97 [95% CI 3.10–7.97], p < 0.001). There was no significant impact of PM2.5 exposure among individuals with higher genetic risks. Similar phenomena were observed in the PM10 analyses. There were no significant correlations of PRS with risk of lung adenocarcinoma among smokers.ConclusionPRS significantly predicted lung adenocarcinoma incident cases in a dose‐dependent manner among never‐smokers. The PRS effect was not noted in smokers. The results were consistent among participants exposed to different air pollution levels.
image
Universal Multiplex Panel Testing of Donor Lungs as a Strategy to Optimize Antibiotic Prophylaxis Against Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Abdulqawi Rayid , Saleh Rana A. , Alameer Reem M. , Alabiri Roaa , Alabiri Ruba , Alkattan Khaled , Almaghrabi Reem S. , Duhailib Zainab Al , Althawadi Sahar , Rahman Najib M. , Saleh Waleed , Yamani Amani H. , Al‐Mutairy Eid A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundTwenty percent of lung donors in our transplant program carry respiratory carbapenem‐resistant (CR) gram‐negative bacteria (GNB), most commonly CR Acinetobacter baumannii. Universal multiplex panel testing of lung transplant donors was introduced in June 2022 as a strategy to expedite CR‐GNB detection and optimize perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. We herein describe our experiences with this approach.MethodsRetrospective single‐center cohort study including 53 adult patients who underwent lung‐only transplantation between June 2022 and December 2023.ResultsThe most common bacteria identified by the multiplex panel were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 20), A. baumannii (n = 13), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 13), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 10). The panel detected 6/9 A. baumannii, 2/2 CR K. pneumoniae, 1/1 CR P. aeruginosa, and 7/8 methicillin‐resistant S. aureus that were grown on conventional cultures, corresponding to negative predictive values of 94%, 100%, 100%, and 98%. Based on panel or culture results, IV tigecycline was administered as prophylaxis in 19% of patients, colistin in 17%, and novel beta‐lactams in 15%.ConclusionThe multiplex panel rapidly detected donor CR‐GNB with a high negative predictive value and resulted in clinical effects of reducing broad‐spectrum antibiotic prescriptions and maintaining adequate posttransplant outcomes. Prospective studies with predefined outcomes are needed to compare panel‐directed therapy against current standards of care.
image
Aging and the Division of Labor of Theory of Mind Skills in Metaphor Comprehension
Authors: Ceccato Irene , Lecce Serena , Bischetti Luca , Mangiaterra Veronica , di San Pietro Chiara Barattieri , Cavallini Elena , Bambini Valentina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhile some aspects of pragmatic competence are known to decline with age, for metaphor skills the evidence is inconclusive, possibly due to heterogeneity in the assessment tools. Furthermore, the previous literature on age‐related changes in pragmatic skills has rarely considered the role of Theory of Mind (ToM), which is described as one of the main factors affecting metaphor across theoretical and experimental studies in children and clinical populations. This study aimed at elucidating age‐related differences in metaphor understanding and the interplay between metaphor skills and ToM in middle‐aged and older adults with a fine‐grained approach. Participants (n = 201, age range 54–93) completed tasks assessing ToM and metaphor understanding. On the one side, we used the Physical and Mental Metaphors task, to distinguish between different types of metaphor (physical, such as “Lifeguards are lizards,” meaning that they lie in the sun, vs. mental, such as “Adolescents are pendulums,” meaning that they are emotionally unstable) and different aspects of metaphor understanding, namely, accuracy in finding a link between topic and vehicle versus type of interpretation (from physical to psychological). On the other side, we analyzed two aspects of ToM skills: the accuracy in mental state understanding and the intentionality, defined as the degree of mental state attribution, assessed with the Strange Stories and the Animated Social Triangles task, respectively. Structural equation models indicated a decline in metaphor skills with advancing age. Furthermore, we found that ToM is involved in metaphor understanding in a specific fashion. While higher ToM accuracy explained better metaphor accuracy, higher ToM intentionality explained better performance in the interpretation of mental, but not physical, metaphors. These findings suggest that age‐related differences in pragmatics extend to metaphor skills and that ToM plays a role in metaphor comprehension in older age, with a division of labor where the ability to understand what others think is key to spotting a metaphorical link, but the greater tendency to attribute mental states is what specifically helps when it comes to grasping the psychological nuances of a metaphor.
China Syndrome and Local Labor Markets: Sectoral Reallocation and Job Quality
Authors: Choi Jaehong , Chun Hyunbae , Hur Jung , Son Nyeong Seon 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of Chinese import exposure on labour reallocation between the manufacturing and service sectors and its implications for job quality. To conduct this study, we focus on South Korea, an OECD country with the lowest labour productivity in the service sector compared to manufacturing. Our findings reveal that Chinese imports have led to employment shifts from manufacturing to the service sector within local labour markets. Additionally, exposure to Chinese imported products has decreased employment in non‐routine tasks and increased employment in routine tasks, resulting in a decline in job quality. These results suggest that in countries where the service sector is less productive than manufacturing, labour reallocation driven by Chinese imports can further exacerbate job quality issues.
E-professionalism assessment instruments in healthcare professionals: a systematic review protocol
Authors: de Castro Araújo-Neto Fernando , Gois dos Santos Lívia , Araújo Tavares Thaís Maria , de Menezes Santos Douglas , Pereira de Lyra-Jr Divaldo 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionSocial media has an impact on the reach and speed with which information is disseminated, benefiting patients and healthcare professionals by sharing knowledge, even from a distance. However, these channels can pose risks when used irresponsibly by these actors. Thus, e-professionalism emerges as a modulator of professionals’ behaviours and attitudes, and its evaluation is fundamental given the demand for quality in services, including in these settings. Thus, this study aims to identify instruments used to assess the e-professionalism of healthcare professionals.Methods and analysisA systematic review will be developed to answer the question: ‘How is e-professionalism in healthcare professionals evaluated in the literature?’. The searches will take place in the following databases: PUBMED/Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, ERIC and Scopus using descriptors such as ‘professionalism’, ‘e-professionalism’, ‘social media’ and synonyms. Studies will be selected after evaluating titles and abstracts, followed by an analysis of full texts using the Rayyan tool. Studies that present the development and validation of e-professionalism assessment instruments for nursing, pharmacy, medicine and dentistry will be included. The quality of the instruments will be assessed based on evidence of content and construct validity reported by the developers.Ethics and disseminationThis review is exempt from ethical approval because it does not include patient data. The results of the systematic review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023454825.
National yearly cost of breast cancer screening in the USA and projected cost of advocated guidelines: a simulation study with life table modelling
Authors: Badal Kimberly , Staib James , Tice Jeffrey A. , Kim Mi-Ok , Eklund Martin , Wilson Leslie , Dacosta Byfield Stacey , Catlett Kierstin , Maffey Liz , Soonavala Rashna , Shieh Yiwey , Esserman Laura J. 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate the total national direct cost of breast cancer screening from 2019 to 2022 and project the total national cost and average lifetime cost of screening per woman for three current guidelines.DesignWe estimated the national cost of screening from 2019 to 2022, and per cancer detected in 2022, using real-world data on the number of mammograms performed per year. We also projected the national cost of screening using life table modelling for three guidelines: 2021/2023 American College of Radiology (ACR), 2023 American Cancer Society (ACS) and 2024 United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF). The average lifetime cost to screen one woman until age 74 years with each guideline was also estimated. The Optum Labs Data Warehouse was used to estimate commercial and Medicare costs and recall rates. Sensitivity analyses were used to estimate uncertainty and determine which inputs had the largest impact on total national costs.SettingThis study was conducted for the USA.ParticipantsWomen eligible for breast cancer screening.InterventionsDigital mammograms (2D) or digital breast tomosynthesis (3D) and/or MRI.Primary outcome measureTotal national cost of screening calculated as the sum of screening and recall costs. Average lifetime cost of screening per woman until 74 years.ResultsNationally, screening cost approximately US$11 billion (B) per year from 2019 to 2022 with approximately 37% of eligible women screened each year. In 2022, screening cost US$55 471 per 3D-detected and US$44 000 per 2D-detected invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ case. Using target yearly participation rates of 54%–78% by age of women, the projected cost of screening was US$30B for ACR, US$18B for ACS and US$8B for USPSTF guidelines. The average lifetime cost to screen an average-risk woman was: US$13 416 for ACR, US$7946 for ACS and US$6931 for USPSTF. Participation rates, the proportion of women with a lifetime risk>20% and commercial MRI and 3D costs had the largest impact on total costs.ConclusionThe cost of screening varies significantly by guideline (US$8B–US$30B) and was most influenced by participation rates, high-risk population proportions and technology costs. Future work can investigate whether risk-based screening strategies being tested in ongoing clinical trials can reduce national screening costs while improving outcomes.Cite Now
Association between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and survival outcomes in patients with urological cancers: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Chen I-Wen , Hsu Jui-Hung , Huang Jing-Cyuan , Liu Wei-Cheng , Wu Jheng-Yan , Wang Kuei-Fen , Hung Kuo-Chuan 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesThis meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and survival outcomes in patients with urological cancer.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Data sourcesA comprehensive literature search was conducted in Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library from inception to 7 July 2024.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they examined the correlation between the GNRI and long-term survival outcomes in adult patients (≥18 years old) with urological cancers.Data extraction and synthesisTwo researchers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test for outcomes with more than 10 studies. Pooled HRs and 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were performed.Results17 studies involving 8816 patients were included. Study quality assessment showed that 15 studies had a low risk of bias (scores 7–9) and two had a high risk (scores 5–6). Low GNRI was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR: 2.6, 95% CI: 2.0 to 3.38, p<0.00001, I² = 64%, 13 studies), cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.76 to 3.98, p<0.00001, I² = 75%, 7 studies), recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.1, p=0.04, I² = 58%, four studies) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.54 to 2.23, p<0.00001, I² = 0%, five studies). Funnel plot and Egger’s test (p=0.948) indicated a low risk of publication bias for OS. GRADE assessment showed low certainty of evidence for OS and PFS, and very low certainty for CSS and RFS. Meta-regression identified follow-up time and sample size as significant sources of heterogeneity.ConclusionsA low GNRI is significantly associated with poor survival outcomes in patients with urological cancer. The GNRI may serve as a valuable prognostic tool in clinical practice. Further research is needed to validate these findings in diverse populations and to explore the underlying biological mechanisms.Prospero registration numberCRD42023476678.
Impact of educational videos and user guide on indwelling pleural catheter caregiver training and unplanned healthcare encounters
Authors: Young Si Ling , Chua Brian Lee Wei , Tan Qiao Li , Leong Carrie Kah-Lai , Phua Ivana Gilcrist Chiew Sian , Wong Jane Jing Yi , Lim Wen Ting , Tang Kendra Jing Ying , Tan Aaron Jun Jie , Lee Fena Ming Qin , Goh Ken Junyang 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundIndwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) are an effective first line option for the management of symptomatic malignant pleural effusions. However, patients with IPCs often require unplanned healthcare encounters (UHEs) due to complications or concerns with IPC care and drainage.Local problemThere is a lack of readily accessible IPC-specific educational material to support caregiver training (CGT). As IPC care and drainage are performed primarily by patients and caregivers in our country due to the lack of community nursing support, ineffective CGT may lead to increased UHEs due to caregiver knowledge gaps or poor confidence in managing and caring for IPCs.AimsWe aim to reduce the number of IPC-related UHEs.Methods and interventionsWe used a 5-why diagram and identified a lack of appropriate educational material as a key factor contributing to repeated UHEs. We therefore produced and employed IPC-specific educational videos and user guides, using a ‘Plan-Do-Study-Act’ approach, into our CGT programme. Patient demographics and clinical outcomes were collected prospectively for 166 consecutive patients with IPC insertions, with 72 patients in the preintervention group and 94 in the postintervention group. Survey questionnaires addressing caregiver competency and confidence were also administered after CGT using these tools.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in the proportion of patients who had ≥2 (8.5% vs 40.9%, p<0.001) or ≥3 UHEs (3.2% vs 31.8%, p<0.001) in the intervention group. There was also a higher caregiver competency score achieved in the intervention group (7 (IQR: 7–7) vs 5 (IQR: 5–7), p<0.001). There was no difference in overall complication and IPC-related infection rates between groups.ConclusionIPC-specific educational videos and resources, which are readily accessible and easily implemented into CGT programmes, reduce UHEs due to IPC-related issues and may improve caregiver knowledge and competency in IPC care and drainage.
Relationship between multiple unemployment spells and cardiovascular disease mortality in South Korean workers
Authors: Jung Jaehyuk , Lee Kyeong Eun , Hong Seri , Park Jae Bum , Jeong Inchul 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundIt is necessary to explore the health problems of vulnerable workers who experience repeated unemployment spells. The number of unemployment spells should be considered in the relationship between unemployment and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Using nationwide data, we aimed to investigate the relationship between unemployment and CVD mortality and examine whether this effect varies depending on the number of unemployment spells.MethodsUsing data from Statistics Korea and employment insurance databases from 2018 to 2019, we identified an average of 1387 CVD deaths per year among 7.76 million workers who had at least one employment record prior to their death. The number of unemployment spells was calculated based on the employment history over the past 5 years. Crude mortality rates per 100 000 individuals and age-standardised mortality rates (SMRs) and sex-SMRs were calculated.ResultsThe crude mortality rate due to CVD was 17.9 per 100 000 individuals among workers. Workers with one unemployment spell in the past 5 years had a significantly higher SMR than those without (2.01; 95% CI 1.87 to 2.16). Additionally, as unemployment spells increased, the SMR increased. The impact was more substantial among older workers than among younger workers. These findings remained consistent when CVD was divided into ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease.ConclusionRepeated unemployment spells may be a risk factor for increased CVD mortality. These findings underscore the vulnerability of individuals facing repeated unemployment spells, highlighting the necessity for economic as well as health and psychological support.