bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well‐dispersed Au nanoparticles prepared via magnetron sputtering on TiO2 nanotubes with unprecedentedly high activity for water splitting
Authors: Atef Nada , Emara Salma S. , Eissa Dina S. , El‐Sayed Ahmed , Abdelraouf Omar A. M. , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report on the fine tuning of sputtered gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with optimized diameters (7–25 nm) and distribution on the high surface area titania nanotube arrays (TNTs). The uniform coverage of Au NPs both outside and inside the nanotube arrays was possible by adjusting the sputtering current, as confirmed via scanning electron microscopy imaging and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Decorating the TNTs with Au NPs extended their optical activity to the visible region of the light spectrum. This red shift was attributed to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au NPs as verified computationally and experimentally. The Au–TiO2 composites demonstrated 86% increase in the photocurrent compared to the bare TNTs upon their use as photoanodes for water splitting. The photoactivity was found to depend on the size of the sputtered Au NPs. The photocurrent transient measurements under light on/off conditions revealed the photostability of the Au–TiO2 nanocomposites. The Mott–Schottky analysis showed a negative shift in the flat band position of the Au–TiO2 electrodes with increased donor density compared to the bare TNTs. Moreover, the Au–TiO2 showed lower space charge capacitance and longer life time of charge carriers.
Glycolytic and immunological alterations in human U937 monocytes in response to H1N1 infection
Authors: Motawi Tarek Kamal , Shahin Nancy Nabil , Awad Kareem , Maghraby Amany Sayed , Abd‐Elshafy Dina Nadeem , Bahgat Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe monitored changes that took place in glycolytic enzymes, the pyruvate end product of glycolysis, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and toll‐like receptors (TLRs) both at the transcriptional and translational levels upon direct interaction between PR8‐H1N1 and the human monocytes U937 in vitro system. U937 were first treated with H1N1 infectious viral particles or phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA) or left untreated and later infected with the H1N1 virus. Levels of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) and pyruvate were biochemically quantified. In addition, levels of TNFα, TLR3, and TLR7 were measured by ELISA. The transcriptional profiles of PFKs, inflammatory cytokines, TLR3 and TLR7 were relatively quantified by qRT‐PCR. The results generally revealed significant changes in both the transcriptional and translational profiles of the studied biochemical and immunological parameters upon influenza infection in a time‐dependent manner. In conclusion, H1N1 infection triggers transcriptional and translational changes in immortalized human monocytes, which might serve as markers for infection subject for further validation for their specificities.
Terumo spectra optia leukapheresis of cynomolgus macaques for hematopoietic stem cell and T cell collection
Authors: Wu Helen L. , Greene Justin M. , Swanson Tonya , Shriver‐Munsch Christine , Armantrout Kimberly , Weber Whitney C. , Bateman Katherine B. , Maier Nicholas M. , Northrup Mina , Legasse Alfred W. , Moats Cassandra , Axthelm Michael K. , Smedley Jeremy , Maziarz Richard T. , Martin Lauren Drew , Hobbs Theodore , Burwitz Benjamin J. , Sacha Jonah B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMacaques are physiologically relevant animal models of human immunology and infectious disease that have provided key insights and advanced clinical treatment in transplantation, vaccinology, and HIV/AIDS. However, the small size of macaques is a stumbling block for studies requiring large numbers of cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation, antigen‐specific lymphocytes for in‐depth immunological analysis, and latently‐infected CD4+ T‐cells for HIV cure studies. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for collection of large numbers of HSCs and T‐cells from cynomolgus macaques as small as 3 kg using the Terumo Spectra Optia apheresis system, yielding an average of 5.0 × 109 total nucleated cells from mobilized animals and 1.2 × 109 total nucleated cells from nonmobilized animals per procedure. This report provides sufficient detail to adapt this apheresis technique at other institutions, which will facilitate more efficient and detailed analysis of HSCs and their progeny blood cells.
Recovery in context: Sober living houses and the ecology of recovery
Authors: Mericle Amy A. , Karriker‐Jaffe Katherine , Patterson Deidre , Mahoney Elizabeth , Cooperman Laya , Polcin Douglas L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSober living houses (SLHs) are an increasingly common element of the recovery support services landscape, yet little is known about their neighborhood context. This study describes neighborhoods in which SLHs are located and examines differences by house characteristics. SLHs in Los Angeles County (N = 297) were geocoded and linked with U.S. Census, alcohol outlet, recovery resources, and accessibility data. Regression analyses tested differences by house characteristics. Co‐ed houses were in neighborhoods that were less ethnically diverse and farther away from recovery resources. Larger house capacity was associated with increased density of off‐premise alcohol outlets but also increased proximity to treatment. Higher fees were associated with lower neighborhood disadvantage and off‐premise alcohol outlet density but the greater distance from treatment programs and other recovery resources. House characteristics are associated with neighborhood factors that both support recovery and place residents at risk.
The relation between subjective well‐being and career aspirations amongst a sample of adolescents in low socioeconomic status communities in Cape Town
Authors: Manuel Donnay , Savahl Shazly , Casas Ferran , Tiliouine Habib , Isobell Deborah , Mpilo Mulalo , Florence Maria , Adams Sabirah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to determine the relation between adolescents’ subjective well‐being and career aspirations. The study further aimed to determine the extent to which social support mediates this relation. The sample comprised 1082 adolescents in Grades 8–11, selected from schools located in low socioeconomic status communities in Cape Town, South Africa. The overall model demonstrated a nonsignificant relation between adolescents’ subjective well‐being and career aspirations. Across gender, the results indicated a significant relation between subjective well‐being and career aspirations for the male group, but not for females. The results further indicate that social support did not mediate the relation between adolescents’ subjective well‐being and career aspirations for the pooled sample. However, for females, the study found a significant negative relation between social support and aspirations. We recommend targeting interventions at an institutional level, inclusive of challenging gender roles and providing information about educational and career opportunities for young people.
VI‐RADS for Bladder Cancer: Current Applications and Future Developments
Authors: Panebianco Valeria , Pecoraro Martina , Del Giudice Francesco , Takeuchi Mitsuru , Muglia Valdair F. , Messina Emanuele , Cipollari Stefano , Giannarini Gianluca , Catalano Carlo , Narumi Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2020

Bladder cancer (BCa) is among the ten most frequent cancers globally. It is the tumor with the highest lifetime treatment‐associated costs, and among the tumors with the heaviest impacts on postoperative quality of life. The purpose of this article is to review the current applications and future perspectives of the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI‐RADS). VI‐RADS is a newly developed scoring system aimed at standardization of MRI acquisition, interpretation, and reporting for BCa. An insight will be given on the BCa natural history, current MRI applications for local BCa staging with assessment of muscle invasiveness, and clinical implications of the score for disease management. Future applications include risk stratification of nonmuscle invasive BCa, surveillance, and prediction and monitoring of therapy response.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Preoperative Determination of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation in Gliomas Using Spectral Editing MRS: A Prospective Study
Authors: Nguyen Thanh B. , Melkus Gerd , Taccone Michael , Moldovan Ioana D. , Ghinda Diana , Gotfrit Ryan , Torres Carlos H. , Zakhari Nader , Chakraborty Santanu , Woulfe John , Jansen Gerard , McInnes Matthew DF. , Thornhill Rebecca E. , Cameron Ian , AlKherayf Fahad 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique has not yet been formally evaluated for the in vivo detection of 2‐hydroxyglutarate (2‐HG) in patients with gliomas of various grades.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of edited MRS in the preoperative identification of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in patients with gliomas.Study TypeProspective.PopulationFifty‐eight subjects (31 glioblastomas, 27 grade II and III gliomas).Field Strength/SequenceMescher–Garwood (MEGA)‐PRESS and routine clinical brain tumor MR sequences were used at 3T.AssessmentData were analyzed using an advanced method for accurate, robust, and efficient spectral fitting (AMARES) from jMRUI software. The amplitudes of the 2‐HG, N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr) resonances were calculated with their associated Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB). The IDH1 R132H mutation status was assessed by immunohistochemistry for all patients. Patients with grades II and III gliomas with negative immunohistochemistry underwent DNA sequencing to further interrogate IDH mutation status.Statistical TestThe differences in 2‐HG amplitudes, 2‐HG/NAA, 2‐HG/Cho, and 2‐HG/Cr between IDH‐mutant and IDH‐wildtype gliomas were assessed using Mann–Whitney U‐tests. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each parameter.ResultsThe 2‐HG amplitudes, 2‐HG/NAA, and 2‐HG/Cho were higher for IDH‐mutant gliomas than IDH‐wildtype gliomas (P < 0.007). Using a CRLB threshold <30%, a 2‐HG cutoff greater than 0 had a sensitivity of 80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52–96%) and a specificity of 81% (95% CI: 54–96%) in identifying IDH‐mutant gliomas. In the subset of patients with grades II and III gliomas, the sensitivity was 80% (95% CI: 52–96%) and specificity was 100% (95% CI: 40–100%). Among 2‐HG ratios, the highest AUC for the identification of IDH mutant status was achieved using the 2‐HG/NAA (AUC = 0.8, 95% CI 0.67–.89).Data ConclusionPreoperative edited MRS appears to be able to help identify IDH‐mutant gliomas with high specificity.Level of Evidence 1Technical Efficacy Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:416–426.
Reaction kinetics of a series of alkanes with ClO and BrO radicals: A theoretical study
Authors: Gupta Parth , Rajakumar B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReactive halogen species (ClO and BrO) play a critical role in the stratospheric ozone depletion. However, the reactivity of these radical moieties with volatile organic compounds is also important in determining the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. In this study, the reactions of BrO and ClO radicals with a series of smaller linear alkanes (CnH2n+2,n = 1,2,3, and 4) were studied using the CCSD(T)/CBS//B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ level of theory. The kinetics of the title reactions were evaluated using the Canonical Variational Transition (CVT)/Small Curvature Tunneling (SCT)/Interpolated Single Point Energy (ISPE) methodology over the studied temperature range of 200‐3000 K. H‐abstraction from the nonterminal carbon was found to be thermodynamically and kinetically favorable in comparison to abstraction of H atom from the primary carbon. On a per‐hydrogen basis at 298 K, BrO and ClO are focused to abstract the secondary hydrogens of C3H8faster than the primary hydrogens by factors of 40 and 110, respectively. On the other hand, forn‐C4H10at the same temperature, the per‐hydrogen preferences for secondary H atoms are found to be factors of 220 and 270 for BrO and ClO, respectively. To aid in modeling the stratospheric environment and combustion regime, three parameter fits to the computed rate constants between 200 and 3000 K are provided. The branching ratios and thermochemical parameters for the various reaction channels are also discussed in this paper.
Aboveground and belowground biomass and its' allometry for Salsola passerina shrub in degraded steppe desert in Northwestern China
Authors: Ma Xiong‐zhong , Wang Xin‐ping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKnowledge of the biomass allometry and partitioning is essential for understanding shrub adaptive strategies to degraded habitats as well as for estimating organic carbon storage. We studied biomass accumulation, allocation patterns, and allometric models of Salsola passerina shrub in the Alxa Desert steppe, Northwestern China. We measured aboveground and belowground biomass accumulation across different ages (0–50 years) by destructive sampling. The biomass allocation patterns between aboveground biomass, leaves, branches, and roots were studied by fitting allometric functions for both pooled and age‐classed data. Allometric biomass models were developed by regressing on single‐input variable of basal diameter, crown area, height, and age alone or on the pairwise variables of above four parameters. Biomass accumulation increased with age, aboveground components represented 86–89% of the total biomass, root to shoot biomass ratios increased with shrub age. Allometry patterns of S. passerina were relatively constant, and the growth rate of root was faster than that of aboveground components. Allometric models with two‐input variables were obviously better than single variable models. Crown area and basal diameter were the best predictors for biomass of S. passerina shrub.
Finsler Hardy inequalities
Authors: Mercaldo Anna , Sano Megumi , Takahashi Futoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present a unified simple approach to anisotropic Hardy inequalities in various settings. We consider Hardy inequalities which involve a Finsler distance from a point or from the boundary of a domain. The sharpness and the non‐attainability of the constants in the inequalities are also proved.
Effects of team‐based learning about postpartum haemorrhage on learning outcomes and experience of midwifery students in Indonesia: A pilot study
Authors: Ulfa Yunefit , Igarashi Yukari , Takahata Kaori , Horiuchi Shigeko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThis pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of team‐based learning about postpartum haemorrhage on the learning outcomes and experience of midwifery students in Indonesia.DesignOne‐group pre‐test–post‐test study.MethodsThis study enrolled 64 midwifery students as participants from an Indonesian health polytechnic school. This group attended two team‐based learning class sessions (90 min weekly for 2 weeks) on postpartum haemorrhage. Student learning outcomes and experience were assessed quantitatively.ResultsThe mean knowledge score (0–100) was significantly higher at post‐test (mean = 85.9,SD9.8) than at pre‐test (mean = 61.4,SD12.9) (p < .001). There was a significant difference in the mean clinical reasoning score (12–60) between post‐test (mean = 35.4,SD5.8) and pre‐test (mean = 21.3,SD7.9) (p < .001). Most students (98.4%) engaged in classroom activities.
Socioeconomic and health care coverage disparities in children, adolescents, and young adults with sarcoma
Authors: Westermann Carly , Weller Jennine , Pedroso Felipe , Canner Joe , Pratilas Christine A. , Rhee Daniel S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic and health care coverage disparities are established as poor prognostic markers in adults with sarcoma, but few studies examine these differences among pediatric, adolescents and young adults (AYA). This study examines the association between socioeconomic status (SES), insurance status, and disease presentation among children and AYA patients with sarcoma.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 0‐25 years with bone or soft tissue sarcoma from the National Cancer Database. SES assignments were based on estimated median income and education level. Patient demographics and clinical factors were compared by SES and insurance status. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to determine adjusted odds ratios of SES and insurance status on metastatic disease or tumor size ≥5 cm at time of presentation.ResultsIn a cohort of 9112 patients, 2932 (32.1%) had low, 2084 (22.8%) middle, and 4096 (44.9%) high SES. For insurance status, 5864 (64.3%) had private, 2737 (30.0%) public, and 511 (5.6%) were uninsured. Compared to high SES, patients with low SES were more likely to have metastatic disease (OR = 1.16, P = .03) and tumors ≥5 cm (OR = 1.29, P < .01). Compared to private insurance, public and no insurance were associated with metastatic disease (OR = 1.35, P < .01 and OR = 1.32, P = .02) and increased tumors ≥5 cm (OR = 1.28, P < .01 and OR = 1.67, P < .01).ConclusionsSES disparities exist among children and AYA patients with sarcoma. Low SES and public or no insurance are associated with advanced disease at presentation. Further studies are needed to identify interventions to improve earlier detection of sarcomas in at‐risk children and young adults.
Interdigitated back‐contact double‐heterojunction GaInP/GaAs solar cells
Authors: Myllynen Antti , Sadi Toufik , Oksanen Jani 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTInterdigitated back‐contact (IBC) silicon solar cells are coming of age, but the potential of IBC configurations for compound semiconductor solar cells is yet to be explored. We outline an approach to generalize the diffusion‐driven charge transport (DDCT) method, previously studied for IBC light‐emitting diodes, to develop DDCT solar cells, enabling an IBC double‐heterojunction structure. In particular, we simulate and compare the electrical performance of a GaInP/GaAs DDCT solar cell with an ideal one‐dimensional reference cell to establish how the lateral dimensions of the DDCT structures affect their operation. Also, the suitability of the DDCT solar cells for concentration photovoltaics is explored. The results show that the DDCT solar cells with a finger pitch of approximately 10μm can match and even outperform the ideal reference structure under the AM1.5G solar spectrum, due to reduced Shockley‐Read‐Hall recombination. At high solar concentrations, the performance of the smallest pitch DDCT structure is essentially identical with the reference structure up to 100 suns. This suggests that combining the benefits offered by the IBC design with compound semiconductors could allow the development of an entire family of more efficient solar cells.
Self‐assembling peptides: From a discovery in a yeast protein to diverse uses and beyond
Authors: Zhang Shuguang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWell‐defined nanofiber scaffold hydrogels made of self‐assembling peptides have found their way into various 3D tissue culture and clinical products. I reflect initial puzzlement of the unexpected discovery, gradual understanding of how these peptides undergo self‐assembly, to eventually translating designer biological scaffolds into commercial products. Peptides are ubiquitous in nature and useful in many fields. They are found as hormones, pheromones, antibacterial, and antifungal agents in innate immunity systems, toxins, as well anti‐inset pesticides. However, the concept of peptides as materials was not recognized until 1990 when a self‐assembling peptide as a repeating segment in a yeast protein was serendipitously discovered. The peptide materials have bona fide materials properties and are made from simple amino acids with well‐ordered nanostructures under physiological conditions. Some current applications include: (a) Real 3D tissue cell cultures of diverse tissue cells and various stem cells; (b) reparative and regenerative medicine as well as tissue engineering; (c) 3D tissue printing; (d) sustained releases of small molecules, growth factors and monoclonal antibodies; and (e) accelerated wound healing of skin and diabetic ulcers as well as instant hemostasis in surgery. Self‐assembling peptide nanobiotechnology will likely continue to expand in many directions in the coming years. I will also briefly introduce my current research using a simple QTY code for membrane protein design. I am greatly honored and humbled to be invited to contribute an Award Winner Recollection of the 2020 Emil Thomas Kaiser Award from the Protein Society.
Tunable Synthesis of Mesoporous Prussian Blue@Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles for Synergic Chemo‐Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yu Baohui , Wang Chungang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA facile and mild strategy to prepare the mesoporous prussian blue@calcium phosphate core‐shell nanoparticles (M‐PB@CaP core‐shell NPs) composed with a MCaP shell and a MPB core is reported. The obtained NPs exhibited strong absorption in the near infrared (NIR) region and possessed an excellent photothermal efficiency of 26 % resulting from the PB core. The mesoporous structure of PB, CaP and the appearance of PAA in the M‐PB@CaP core‐shell NPs are greatly favorable for the ultrahigh doxorubicin (DOX) loading capability (1 mg DOX/mg NPs) of the NPs. When the DOX‐loaded M‐PB@CaP core‐shell NPs were exposed to NIR irradiation, a burst‐like drug release occurs on account of the heat produced by the M‐PB@CaP core‐shell NPs. These results indicate that the obtained NPs could employ as pH/NIR dual‐responsive drug delivery systems for synergistic chemo‐photothermal therapy of cancer cells.
Europium(III) Coordination in a Combined Ligand System: A Luminescence Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Rout Alok , Vinodkumar Patchapureddy , Shankar Panigrahi Bhavani 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe coordination of europium(III) in a combined ligand system has been probed by luminescence spectroscopy by extracting it from nitric acid medium. The ligands used in the study are N,N,N′,N′‐tetra‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)diglycolamide (T2EHDGA) and bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). Europium(III) complex with these ligands present in n‐Dodecane (n‐DD) medium and its detailed investigation by luminescence spectroscopy is emphasized in this paper. Various experimental parameters such as aqueous phase acidity, concentration of ligand and initial metal ion, radiation dose, etc. were tuned to find the luminescence behavior of Eu(III) in the extracted phase. The emission intensity of Eu(III) was extremely high in the organic phase after extraction at all nitric acid phases (0.5 M to 3 M HNO3) for T2EHDGA/n‐DD and from 0.01 M to 1 M for D2EHPA/n‐DD) as compared to that of the aqueous phase. The principal driving force for the complexation mechanism of Eu(III) at each nitric acid was ascertained by varying the concentration of D2EHPA in the solution of 0.1 M T2EHDGA/n‐DD. The decay profile of the Eu(III) complex was remarkably high (>1.2 millisecond (ms)) indicating theformation of inner‐sphere complex of Eu(III) with the ligands. The emission profile of Eu(III) was recorded in the irradiated solvent compositions and was compared with respect to unirradiated condition.