bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) quantification in sedimentary magnetism: limitations of existing proxies and ways forward
Authors: Roberts Andrew P. , Zhao Xiang , Heslop David , Abrajevitch Alexandra , Chen Yen-Hua , Hu Pengxiang , Jiang Zhaoxia , Liu Qingsong , Pillans Brad J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDetermination of hematite contributions to sedimentary magnetizations is an important but difficult task in quantitative environmental studies. The poorly crystalline and fine-grained nature of hematite nanoparticles makes quantification of their concentrations in natural environments challenging using mineralogical and spectroscopic methods, while the weak magnetization of hematite and often significant superparamagnetic nanoparticle concentrations make quantification difficult using magnetic remanence measurements. We demonstrate here that much-used magnetic parameters, such as the S-ratio and ‘hard’ isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM), tend to significantly underestimate relative and absolute hematite contents, respectively. Unmixing of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition curves is among the more suitable approaches for defining magnetic mineral contributions, although it has under-appreciated uncertainties that limit hematite quantification. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and other methods can enable relative hematite and goethite content quantification under some conditions. Combined use of magnetic, mineralogical, and spectroscopic approaches provides valuable cross-checks on estimated hematite contents; such an integrated approach is recommended here. Further work is also needed to rise to the challenge of developing improved methods for hematite quantification.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy for preservation of fat-replaced pancreatic body and tail tissue in a patient with solid pseudopapillary neoplasm: a case report
Authors: Sakurai Toru , Nagakawa Yuichi , Takishita Chie , Osakabe Hiroaki , Nishino Hitoe , Akashi Masanori , Okazaki Naoto , Suzuki Kenta , Katsumata Kenji , Tsuchida Akihiko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
There is no standard surgical method for treating pancreatic head tumors with fat replacement of the pancreatic body and tail. Total pancreatectomy procedures are usually performed to excise pancreatic head tumors and lead to endocrine function loss and subsequent development of diabetes. We present a rare case where the adipose tissue was preserved during pancreaticoduodenectomy in a patient with a solid pseudopapillary neoplasm and fat-replaced pancreatic body and tail.

Case presentation
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans of a 43-year-old man revealed a tumor measuring approximately 3 cm in size with calcification in the pancreatic head. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed that the pancreatic ducts in the body and tail were completely disrupted. Furthermore, endoscopic ultrasonography showed no pancreatic parenchyma in the body and tail of the pancreas, with disruption in the main pancreatic duct. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration led to the final pathological diagnosis of a solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, and laparoscopic total pancreatectomy was performed. However, intraoperative findings indicated that the tumor was located in the pancreatic head. Pancreatic parenchyma was not observed in the pancreatic body or tail, as it had been completely replaced with adipose tissue. Nevertheless, the shape of the pancreas was identifiable. Therefore, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed to transect parenchyma at the pancreatic neck, while preserving the adipose tissue present in the pancreatic body. The main pancreatic duct could not be identified at the cut surface. Therefore, we performed modified Blumgart-style pancreaticojejunostomy to cover the cut end instead of reconstructing the pancreatic duct. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 12 without complications and is being followed-up as an outpatient. His fasting blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c levels according to the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program reports were within normal limits, indicating that the endocrine function (insulin secretion ability) was preserved during the 1.5 years following surgery.

Conclusions
In patients with pancreatic head tumors, pancreaticoduodenectomy that preserves fat-replaced pancreatic body and tail tissues can preserve postoperative endocrine function.
A slowly-growing solitary skip lymph nodule of occult gastric cancer above the neck of pancreas: a case report
Authors: Tang Yuhao , Sun Xiaowei , Xu Li 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Skip lymphatic metastasis (SK) is an exceptional and characteristic pattern of lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer (GC) with infrequent incidence. This is an extremely rare report of occult gastric cancer with solitary skip lymphatic metastasis as the initial and primary observation.

Case presentation
A 61-year-old woman, who complained of epigastric discomfort for several years, presented a solitary nodule upon pancreas neck examination by CT without performance on the primary lesion, even gastroscopy. During the preoperative 4-month follow-up, the nodule stayed stable without any therapy. The postoperative pathological examination confirmed the consistent diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma between the nodule and the stomach lesion, which was found by preoperative random biopsy of the mucosa.

Conclusions
This case highlights the concentration on vigilance to the SK of GC and a closer observation for intra-abdominal nodules, even radiological suspicion of a benign lesion.
Measuring adult romantic attachment: psychometric properties of the brief Spanish version of the experiences in close relationships
Authors: Guzmán-González Mónica , Rivera-Ottenberger Diana , Brassard Audrey , Spencer Rosario , Lafontaine Marie-France 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Experiences in Close Relationships (Brennan et al, Attachment theory and close relationships, 1998) questionnaire is one of the most widely used measures of adult romantic attachment. Despite the advantages of the ECR, the length of this measure may discourage its use in clinical and research contexts. Consequently, the goal of this study was to develop a brief Spanish version of the ECR questionnaire and to examine its psychometric properties when administered to six different Spanish-speaking samples from Chile. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the two-dimensional structure of the ECR and its invariance across gender. Results also supported the reliability and concurrent validity of our brief Spanish version of the ECR (i.e., Spanish ECR-12), by its association with measures of emotion regulation, dyadic empathy, psychological distress and well-being, and relationship satisfaction. The Spanish ECR-12 can be used by researchers and clinical professionals as an abridged measure of adult attachment.
The eco-city and its core environmental dimension of sustainability: green energy technologies and their integration with data-driven smart solutions
Authors: Bibri Simon Elias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEcological urbanism is seen today as one of the keys towards unlocking the quest for a low-carbon or fossil fuel–free society. Global and local policies promote and advocate the eco–city as the most environmentally sound model of sustainable urbanism. It is argued that the eco–city strategies and solutions are expected to deliver positive outcomes in terms of minimal demand on energy resources and thus minimal environmental impacts. Moreover, it has recently been suggested that the eco-city needs to embrace and leverage what advanced ICT has to offer, particularly with regard to sustainable energy systems, so as to improve and advance its contribution to the goals of environmental sustainability. This paper examines how the eco–city especially its core environmental dimension is practiced and justified in urban planning and development with respect to sustainable energy systems and their integration with data-driven smart technologies at the district level. To illuminate this urban phenomenon accordingly, a descriptive case study is adopted as a qualitative research methodology where the empirical basis is formed by urban planning and development documents combined with secondary data and scientific literature. To provide a theoretical foundation and produce a rationale for this study, this paper first provides a state–of–the–art review of the field of ecological urbanism in terms of its foundations, models, strategies, research issues, as well as data–driven smart technological trends. This study shows that the Eco-city District of Stockholm Royal Seaport uses green energy and data-driven smart technologies as the key strategies and solutions for achieving the environmental objectives of sustainable development in terms of lowering energy consumption and mitigating pollution. This entails conserving and decreasing the demand for energy through renewable resources (i.e., sun, wind, and water), bio–fuelled Combined Heat Power system, large-scale smart grid system, energy management, sustainable waste management, and passive solar houses. This research enhances the scholarly community’s current understanding of the emerging phenomenon of the smart eco-city with respect to the synergic potential of the integration of its sustainable energy strategies with data-driven technology solutions for advancing environmental sustainability.
Quantitative T2 mapping of glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis: a case-control study
Authors: Abou Khadrah Rania Sobhy , Reda Alaa Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
T2 relaxometry is a highly sensitive technique used to assess morphological changes in the cartilage prior to anatomical changes; it provides the quantification of the disparate components of cartilage such as water, proteoglycans, and collagen. This study aims to assess T2 values of glenohumeral joint cartilage using 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and comparing T2 relaxation time values between two groups—the control group and the group of patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The study was conducted among 35 OA patients (27 females and eight males; median age, 60 years; age range, 43–69 years). This group was divided into primary OA (n = 15) and secondary OA (n = 20). The control group had 30 patients (25 females and five males; median age, 46 years; age range, 30–56 years). All patients were assessed using plain radiography to determine the grade of osteoarthritis followed by a multi-echo spin pulse sequence (T2 mapping) of the coronal plane. Three areas were considered to evaluate the cartilage-humeral zone, glenoid zone, and central zones by manually drawing the region of interest (ROI). The values were compared statistically by using Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results
Median T2 values differed significantly between the control group (43.4 ms [interquartile ranges, 41.54-45.33 ms]) and the OA patients for grades I (59.2 ms [interquartile ranges, 57.54-63.33 ms]), II (64.7 ms [interquartile ranges, 62.54-67.39 ms]), and III (61.9 ms, [interquartile ranges, 57.54-64.53 ms]). Mean T2 values were significantly higher in the different zones when comparing the OA patients whatever the cause primary or secondary (p value < 0.05) with the control group; no significant difference was noticed between the primary and secondary OA (p value > 0.05).

Conclusion
T2 relaxometry is a reliable, quantitative method for the assessment of the glenohumeral cartilage for significant differences in T2 values between the control group and the OA patients.
Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Comparison of CT-Guided Versus MR-Guided SBRT
Authors: Parikh Neil R. , Lee Percy P. , Raman Steven S. , Cao Minsong , Lamb James , Tyran Marguerite , Chin Walter , Gilchrist Travis , Agazaryan Nzhde , Mittauer Kathryn , Steinberg Michael L. , Raldow Ann C. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE: Magnetic resonance–guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) has recently become commercially available, offering the opportunity to accurately image and target moving tumors as compared with computed tomography-guided radiation therapy (CTgRT) systems. However, the costs of delivering care with these 2 modalities remain poorly described. With localized unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma as an example, we were able to use time-driven activity-based costing to determine the cost of treatment on linear accelerators with CTgRT compared with MRgRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Process maps, informed via interviews with departmental personnel, were created for each phase of the care cycle. Stereotactic body radiation therapy was delivered at 50 Gy in 5 fractions, either with CTgRT using fiducial placement, deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) with real-time position management, and volumetric-modulated arc therapy, or with MRgRT using real-time tumor gating, DIBH, and static-gantry intensity-modulated radiation therapy. RESULTS: Direct clinical costs were $7,306 for CTgRT and $8,622 for MRgRT comprising personnel costs ($3,752 v $3,603), space and equipment costs ($2,912 v $4,769), and materials costs ($642 v $250). Increased MRgRT costs may be mitigated by forgoing CT simulation ($322 saved) or shortening treatment to 3 fractions ($1,815 saved). Conversely, adaptive treatment with MRgRT would result in an increase in cost of $529 per adaptive treatment. CONCLUSION: MRgRT offers real-time image guidance, avoidance of fiducial placement, and ability to use adaptive treatments; however, it is 18% more expensive than CTgRT under baseline assumptions. Future studies that elucidate the magnitude of potential clinical benefits of MRgRT are warranted to clarify the value of using this technology.
Effect of Surgical Oncologist Turnover on Hospital Volume and Treatment Outcomes Among Patients With Upper GI Malignancies
Authors: Franko Jan , Frankova Daniela 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE: Lack of surgical expertise may affect cancer care delivery. Here, we examined the impact of surgical oncologist vacancy and turnover in a community cancer center serving a mixed urban and rural population. METHODS: Survival outcomes of patients with potentially resectable esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic carcinomas treated in the index hospital (n = 519) were compared with those of a then-contemporary control group derived from the state-specific SEER registry (n = 3,340). The onboarding period (ie, the period without a surgical oncologist) and early and late periods with a surgical oncologist were defined. RESULTS: At the state level, there was a steady trend of patients who were annually referred (290.4 ± 34.3 patients per year; P < .001) and underwent operation (158.7 ± 18.7 patients per year; P < .001). We observed the absence of an analogous trend in the index hospital ( P = .141). The index hospital diagnosed 12.2% of state cancers of interest during the years with surgical oncologists but only 6.7% of cancers when surgical oncologists were absent ( P = .031). The survival model adjusted for age, stage, and primary disease site comparing the early and late periods demonstrated that being treated in the index hospital did not result in inferior survival (hazard ratio, 1.067; P = .265). CONCLUSION: Loss of surgical oncologists was associated with referral decline and likely out-migration of patients, whereas prompt restoration of surgical oncology services reinstated volumes and preserved survival outcomes.
Evaluation of genitourinary fistulas in pelvic malignancies with etiopathologic correlation: role of cross sectional imaging in detection and management
Authors: Mandava Anitha , Koppula Veeraiah , Sharma Gaurav , Kandati Meghana , Raju K.V.V.N. , Subramanyeshwar Rao T. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Genitourinary fistulas in pelvic malignancies are abnormal communications occurring due to either locally advanced tumours invading the surrounding organs or post-therapeutic complications of malignancies. In this article we review and describe the role of cross-sectional imaging findings in the management of genitourinary fistulas in pelvic malignancies.

Methods:
A retrospective study, for the period January 2012 to December 2018, was undertaken in patients with pelvic malignancies having genitourinary fistulas. The cross-sectional (CT and MRI) imaging findings in various types of fistulas were reviewed and correlated with the primary malignancy and the underlying etiopathology.

Results:
Genitourinary fistulas were observed in 71 patients (6 males, 65 females). 11 types of fistulas were identified in carcinomas of cervix, rectum, ovary, urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, vault, endometrium and prostate. The commonest were rectovaginal and vesicovaginal fistulas. 13 patients had multiple fistulas. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of CT and MRI are 98%, 100%, 66%, 98% and 95%, 25%, 88% and 50% respectively. Contrast-enhanced CT with oral and rectal contrast is more sensitive and specific than MRI in the evaluation of genitourinary fistulas.

Conclusion:
Imaging findings significantly influence the management and outcome of genitourinary fistulas in pelvic malignancies. Contrast-enhanced CT is the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of pelvic fistulas associated with malignancies and MRI is complimentary to it.

Advances in knowledge:
To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind wherein the mean duration of occurrence of fistulas in pelvic malignancies is correlated with the underlying etiopathology.
HEP-Net opinion on the management of ascites and its complications in the setting of decompensated cirrhosis in the resource constrained environment of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Bushra , Salim Adnan , Alam Altaf , Zuberi Bader Faiyaz , Junejo Zeeshan Ali , Azam Zahid , Kamani Lubna , Farooqi Javed Iqbal , Salih Muhammed , Nawaz Arif Amir , Choudhry Asad Ali , Hashmi Zahid Yasin , Saddiq Masood 
Published: June 2020

Approximately one half of patients develop ascites within 10 years of diagnosis of compensated cirrhosis. It is a poor prognostic indicator, with only 50% surviving beyond two years. Mortality worsens significantly to 20% to 50% at one year if the ascites becomes refractory to medical therapy. Pakistan has one of the highest prevalence of viral hepatitis in the world and patients with ascites secondary to liver cirrhosis make a major percentage of both inpatient and outpatient burden. Studies indicate that over 80% of patients admitted with ascites have liver cirrhosis as the cause. This expert opinion suggests proper assessment of patients with ascites in the presence of underlying cirrhosis. This expert opinion includes appropriate diagnosis and management of uncomplicated ascites, refractory ascites and complicated ascites (including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) ascites, hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and hyponatremia. The purpose behind this expert opinion is to help consultants, postgraduate trainees, medical officers and primary care physicians optimally manage their patients with cirrhosis and ascites in a resource constrained setting as is often encountered in a developing country like Pakistan.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2407
How to cite this:Ali B, Salim A, Alam A, Zuberi BF, Ali Z, Azam Z, et al. HEP-Net opinion on the management of ascites and its complications in the setting of decompensated cirrhosis in the resource constrained environment of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):1117-1132. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2407
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapist; A rescuer for the patients suffering from COVID-19
Authors: Awan Malik Muhammad Ali , Qureshi Sidra , Khushnood Kiran 
Published: June 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2880
How to cite this:Awan MMA, Qureshi S, Khushnood K. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapist; A rescuer for the patients suffering from COVID-19. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):1143-1144. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2880
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Biodiversity
Authors: Gonçalves M. 
Published: June 2020

Our school is surrounded by tall buildings and cement and has little green areas, but even so, we managed to find a place to build a small bio-vegetable garden, an orchard of native trees, and a vineyard. Students also increased the number of flowerbeds and built nests for insectivorous birds, a pond for frogs, spots with aromatic plants, as well as a hotel for pollinating insects. Students are also sowing wild plants to increase local biodiversity.
Hajuda
Authors: Azevedo M. 
Published: June 2020

A recent study by the National Institute of Statistics (INE) reveals that almost half of the Portuguese population will be over 65 within the next 60 years. Also, about 40% of this population is alone for 8 hours or more per day. Almost one million elderly people are in solitude or isolation. How can we promote the return of the population over 65 to active life? How can we help caregivers to provide care for their loved ones with the knowledge we acquire in class? A society was born: Hajuda (Help in English). The main goal is to help those who need it most. Whether they are in bed or in solitude and social isolation. The results have been very promising.
Getting back to work: lessons from around the world
Authors: McNee Damien 
Published: June 2020

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and their implications will play a fundamental role in the phased re-introduction of clinical dentistry post COVID-19. These SOP documents will continually be updated as new scientific rationales emerge. Each individual SOP will have key themes dictating how dental appointments are managed, emanating from the initial work of Peng et al (2020). This article provides a snapshot into how some countries are adapting to the changes, and demonstrating the wide variances seen. The article is intended to draw parallels between how each country is responding differently to prevent undue transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the dental setting. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Those involved with implementation of emerging SOPs into their clinical practice will be required to understand why these new protocols are necessary and how they will act to prevent viral transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
Suggestions for Non-Aerosol or Reduced-Aerosol Restorative Dentistry (for as Long as is Necessary)
Authors: Burke FJ Trevor , Mackenzie Louis , Sands Peter 
Published: June 2020

The advent of coronavirus and the associated disease COVID-19 has led to the closure of dental practices in the UK and, indeed, in many parts of the world. In order to get dental practices operating again, it is suggested that it is necessary to adopt a new way of working. Principal among concerns has been the potential carriage of droplets (from an infected patient) into the aerosols resulting from the use of the turbine handpiece and from ultrasonic and sonic scalers, and other instruments used in restorative dentistry (current terminology being Aerosol Generating Procedures [AGPs]). It is therefore the aim of this paper to review restorative techniques and suggest those which are appropriate to aerosol-free, or reduced-aerosol restorative dentistry. CPD/Clinical Relevance: With anxieties regarding aerosol generating procedures abounding, it may be helpful to review procedures which either reduce or avoid these AGPs.