bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High glucose condition inhibits trophoblast proliferation, migration and invasion by downregulating placental growth factor expression
Authors: Tao Jun , Xia Lin‐Zhen , Chen Jiao‐Jiao , Zeng Jun‐Fa , Meng Jun , Wu ShiYuan , Wang Zuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the effect of high glucose (HG) level on the proliferation, migration and invasion of trophoblasts and determine the role of placental growth factor (PLGF) in the process.MethodsHTR8‐S/Vneo was treated with different concentrations of d‐glucose (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 μM) at different times (0, 6, 12 and 24 h). qRT‐PCR and Western blot analyses were used to measure PLGF expression. The protein level of PLGF was measured by immunofluorescence. Cell proliferation was assessed with CCK‐8 analysis. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Intercellular ROS was detected with DCFH‐DA.ResultsAfter d‐glucose treatment, the viability decreased in 25 and 30 μM groups. The HG group (25 μM) showed inhibited cell migration and invasion ability. The mRNA and protein levels of PLGF decreased under HG condition. Elevated ROS production was also detected in the HG group. Knocked‐down PLGF expression enhanced increased ROS production and decreased cell migration and invasion, which reverted to the original levels after PLGF was overexpressed.ConclusionHigh glucose treatment inhibited HTR8‐S/Vneo viability, migration and invasion by downregulating PLGF expression.
Globalization, robotization, and electoral outcomes: Evidence from spatial regressions for Italy
Authors: Caselli Mauro , Fracasso Andrea , Traverso Silvio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCriticism of economic globalization and technological progress has gained support in Italy in the last two decades. However, due to the differentiated exposure of local labor markets to this process, electoral outcomes have varied considerably across the country. By observing the local impact of three global economic phenomena (flows of migrants, foreign competition in international trade, and diffusion of robots) alongside with the patterns of local electoral outcomes potentially associated with discontent, this study analyzes the economic forces driving the evolution of general elections in 2001, 2008, and 2013 in Italy. The analysis reveals that all these global factors had an impact on political outcomes associated with discontent, albeit in different ways and changing over time. All three factors are associated with increases in votes for far‐right parties in the period 2001–2008, but only robotization continues to have such an impact in the following period, while immigration is associated with an increase in votes for the Five‐Star Movement at the expense of far‐right parties. The results and extensions exploiting recent advances in political geography, political economy, and spatial econometrics make it possible to draw some general and methodological conclusions. Global drivers interact with elements pertaining to the political supply that empirical researchers should not be oblivious about. Political spillovers across neighboring areas add to the direct impact of locally mediated economic factors. Finally, the adoption of shift–share instrumental variables to identify the impact of robotization may lack robustness.
The Impact of Geographic Location on Saskatchewan Prostate Cancer Patient Treatment Choices: A Multilevel and Spatial Analysis
Authors: Andkhoie Mustafa , Szafron Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to estimate the relationship between remoteness and the initial chosen treatment (active surveillance/watchful waiting (AS/WW), radiation therapy (RT), surgery, chemotherapy (CT), or hormonal therapy (HT) for prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsThis study built 2 multilevel generalized linear models via a binomial link for each treatment type (one with only covariates and one with 2 additional study variables to the covariate model). The study also used cluster analysis using the Global and local Moran's I spatial statistics to find any complementary results to the above models.ResultsThis study found that patients living in the rural areas have lower odds (OR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.45‐0.77; P < .001) of having surgery compared to patients living in the greater urban areas. Among patients whose closest PCa assessment center is Regina, patients living in the greater urban areas have higher odds (OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.03‐2.68; P = .039) of choosing RT compared to patients living in the rural areas. There was no statistically significant effect of remoteness on whether one chose HT or AS/WW.ConclusionsThere are regional disparities to PCa treatment utilization. Living in rural areas affects choosing surgery and, in certain localized geographical regions, affects choosing RT. For non‐curative treatments (ie, AS/WW and HT), we did not find any association with geographical remoteness.
Shift‐work‐related sleep disruption and the risk of decline in cognitive function: The CRUISE Study
Authors: Thomas Jana , Overeem Sebastiaan , Dresler Martin , Kessels Roy P. C. , Claassen Jurgen A. H. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute total sleep deprivation and partial sleep deprivation have negative impacts on cognitive performance. Studies in subjects who regularly experience sleep loss, however, are rare and often restricted to examination of internal sleeping disorders. To address this issue, we set up a pilot study to explore the effects of a week characterized by sleep disruption on cognitive functioning, using a case–control setting in a maritime pilot group with chronic exposure to intermittent extrinsic, work‐related sleep disruption. Twenty maritime pilots (aged 30–50 years) were compared to sex‐ and education‐matched controls with normal sleep behaviour, from the same age range. We assessed subjective and objective cognitive function, including attention, psychomotor speed, memory and executive function using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Although we were able to confirm poorer sleep in maritime pilots and subjective complaints in some cognitive domains, we did not find objective cognitive deficits in the maritime pilot group compared to controls without sleep disruption. This could suggest that in this group of healthy, young maritime pilots, exposure to sleep disruption resulted in some subjective cognitive complaints, but objective deficits of cognitive function were not detected in comparison with a non‐pilot control group. However, given the small sample size, the absence of an effect does not exclude the possibility that sleep disruption could result in cognitive deficits in general. Therefore, our findings have to be confirmed in future prospective studies with a larger sample size and matched controls, regarding age, education and work history.
Thrombocytosis is associated with worse survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Po‐Hong , Hsu Chia‐Yang , Su Chien‐Wei , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Hou Ming‐Chih , Rich Nicole E. , Fujiwara Naoto , Hoshida Yujin , Singal Amit G. , Huo Teh‐Ia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsThrombocytosis is associated with more aggressive tumour biology in many malignancies. There are limited data in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which often occurs in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of thrombocytosis in two cohorts of patients with HCC.MethodsWe included 3561 patients from Taiwan and 1145 patients from the USA. Thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet count < 150×109/L and thrombocytosis as ≥ 300 × 109/L at HCC diagnosis. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to identify independent predictors of survival.ResultsThrombocytosis was present in 9.0% and 6.9% of Taiwan and USA patients respectively. Compared to patients with normal platelet counts and those with thrombocytopenia, patients with thrombocytosis had larger tumours, increased vascular invasion and a higher proportion had extrahepatic metastases in both cohorts. In multivariable analysis, thrombocytosis (aHR 1.40, 95% CI 1.23‐1.60) and thrombocytopenia (aHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04‐1.23) were both associated with worse survival after adjusting for age, gender, liver disease aetiology, Child‐Pugh score, maximal tumour size, tumour nodularity, vascular invasion, lymph node or distant metastasis, performance status and alpha‐fetoprotein level. Patients with thrombocytosis had a median survival of 6 and 4 months in the Taiwan and USA cohorts, compared to 32 and 14 months for those with normal platelet counts and 38 and 16 months for thrombocytopenic patients.ConclusionThrombocytosis is independently associated with increased tumour burden and worse overall survival among HCC patients.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis of fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) to explore the molecular adaptations to fresh water
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Lin , Li Hong‐Wei , Dong Zhi‐Xiang , Yang Xiao‐Jie , Lin Lian‐Bing , Chen Jun‐Yuan , Yuan Ming‐Long 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAquatic insects are well adapted to freshwater environments, but the molecular basis of these adaptations remains largely unknown. Most firefly species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are terrestrial, but the larvae of several species are aquatic. Here, larval and adult transcriptomes fromAquatica leii(freshwater) andLychnuris praetexta(terrestrial) were generated to test whether the genes associated with metabolic efficiency and morphology have undergone adaptive evolution to fresh water. The aquatic fireflies had a significantly lower ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions than the terrestrial insects, indicating a genomewide evolutionary constraint in the aquatic fireflies. We identified 341 fast‐evolving genes and 116 positively selected genes in the aquatic fireflies. Of these, 76 genes exhibiting both fast evolution and positive selection were primarily involved in ATP production, energy metabolism and the hypoxia response. We identified 7,271 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) inA. leii(adults versus larvae) and 8,309 DEGs inL. praetexta(adults versus larvae). DEGs specific to the aquatic firefly (n = 1,445) were screened via interspecific comparisons (A. leiiversusL. praetexta) and were significantly enriched for genes involved in metabolic efficiency (e.g., ATP production, hypoxia, and immune responses) and certain aspects of morphology (e.g., cuticle chitin, tracheal and compound eye morphology). These results indicate that sequence and expression‐level changes in genes associated with both metabolic efficiency and morphological attributes related to the freshwater lifestyle contributed to freshwater adaptation in fireflies. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of aquatic adaptation in insects.
The Child Feeding Guide: A digital health intervention for reducing controlling child feeding practices and maternal anxiety over time
Authors: Haycraft E. , Witcomb G. L. , Farrow C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFussy eating and food refusal are common in young children. These behaviours can contribute to anxiety or concern in parents and caregivers, who have called for credible support to help them navigate the challenges of feeding young children. Given recent increases in technology, and use of the Internet as a trusted source of parenting support, the Child Feeding Guide digital health intervention was created to provide evidence‐based support to parents and caregivers to help them to feed children and establish healthy eating habits from the early years. An evaluation was conducted with 25 mothers (with a child aged 6 months to 4 years) who used the Child Feeding Guide website/app over 4 weeks. Mothers provided information about their feeding practices and anxiety levels at baseline, and again 4 weeks later, and answered questions regarding the acceptability and use of the digital support resource. Significant decreases were seen in maternal anxiety and in maternal use of pressure to eat and restriction of food from children for weight reasons. Mothers reported that the Child Feeding Guide was easy to use, that they valued its credibility and reassurances, and that its content helped them to better understand their child’s eating behaviour. These promising findings suggest that naturalistic use of a digital health intervention could contribute to reductions in mothers’ use of controlling feeding practices and levels of anxiety. Such findings are important for supporting the development of healthy eating habits in young children and are likely to be relevant to health and childcare professionals.
Collaborative communication efficiency is linked to relationship satisfaction in dating couples
Authors: Bannon Sarah M. , Taggart Tenille C. , Kehoe Caitlin M. , O'Leary K. Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe speed, or efficiency, in which people communicate is linked to positive interpersonal outcomes. However, no studies of communication efficiency have examined romantic partners, making it unclear whether efficient communication is linked to relationship satisfaction above and beyond previously identified communication skills (e.g., problem‐solving). We recruited dating couples (N = 56) to attend a laboratory session to complete survey measures and a collaborative communication task. Multilevel models demonstrated that both task efficiency (β = −.36, p = .04) and self‐reported problem‐solving communication skills (β = .28, p = .002) were associated with relationship satisfaction. Results suggest that communication task efficiency can be meaningfully applied to the study of romantic relationships and couple communication skills.
Resistance profiles of Botrytis cinerea populations to several fungicide classes on greenhouse tomato and strawberry in Lebanon
Authors: Habib Wassim , Saab Carine , Malek Robert , Kattoura Louis , Rotolo Caterina , Gerges Elvis , Baroudy Farah , Pollastro Stefania , Faretra Francesco , De Miccolis Angelini Rita M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTomato and strawberry are the most important protected crops in Lebanon and are seriously affected by grey mould disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea. In the present study, the fungicide sensitivity assays revealed medium to high frequencies of B. cinerea isolates resistant to benzimidazoles, dicarboximides, and anilinopyrimidines on tomato and strawberry. Fludioxonil‐ and boscalid‐resistant mutants were uncommonly found at generally low frequency on both crops. Resistance to fenhexamid was detected in only one site on tomato but in most sites on strawberry with high frequencies, and the occurrence of resistance to QoI fungicides was ascertained on both crops. The majority of the tested isolates (>90%) exhibited multiple fungicide resistance, and isolates resistant to the seven antibotrydial fungicide classes were detected on strawberry in three locations. A high level of resistance was shown by B. cinerea mutants resistant to boscalid, fenhexamid, and QoI fungicides, while two levels of moderate and high resistance to anilinopyrimidines were identified. Genetic analysis revealed point mutations in the target genes commonly associated with resistance in B. cinerea isolates, with all mutants resistant to dicarboximides, fenhexamid, boscalid, and QoI fungicides carrying single‐nucleotide polymorphims in BcOS1 (I365S/N, Q369P, and N373S), Erg27 (F412V/I), SdhB (H272R/Y), and cytb (G143A) genes, respectively. The general incorrect use of fungicides has caused the development and spread of fungicide resistance as a widespread phenomenon on protected tomato and strawberry in Lebanon. The implementation of appropriate antiresistance strategies is highly recommended.
Colonic mucormycosis in solid organ transplantation: Case report and review of the literature (colonic mucormycosis after DDLT)
Authors: Petrochko Jameson Moore , Abrahamian Gregory , Cigarroa Francisco , Thomas Elizabeth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that can occur throughout the body and carries a high mortality. Colonic mucormycosis is an uncommon form of the disease whose successful treatment relies upon a high degree of clinical suspicion and early, often empiric, therapy. We report colonic mucormycosis in a liver transplant patient and review the literature on colonic mucormycosis in solid organ transplant recipients.
Study of Erosion Behavior in Elbows Mounted in Series Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Method
Authors: Xie Zhenqiang , Cao Xuewen , Zhang Juni , Sun Xiaoyang , Fu Chenyang , Wu Chao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To date, numerous studies using experimental methods or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to investigate erosion in elbows have been published. However, most of these studies focused on erosion caused by large particles flowing through a single elbow, whereas erosion due to small particles in elbows mounted in series is largely ignored. Studying erosion in elbows mounted in series is essential for improving the design of pipeline systems. In this paper, a CFD model is developed and validated against experimental data in the literature. The effects of both the connecting length (i.e., the distance between two elbows connected in series) and the elbow radius of curvature on erosion behavior were investigated using the verified model. In addition, the Dean number and Stokes number were used to investigate particle motion. The results show that erosion in the second elbow first decreases and then increases, as the connecting length increases, and the maximum erosion zone always occurs in the first elbow. However, when the number of elbows is increased to four, interestingly, the maximum erosion zone is located in the fourth elbow. The findings are valuable and provide guidance for designing novel pipeline systems that can mitigate erosion.
Experimental Investigations of Cavitation Performance Breakdown in an Axial Waterjet Pump
Authors: Chen Huang , Doeller Nick , Li Yuanchao , Katz Joseph 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This experimental study examines the mechanisms causing cavitation breakdown in an axial waterjet pump. The database includes performance curves, images of cavitation, measured changes to endwall pressure as the blade passes, as well as velocity and pressure distributions inside the blade passage, the latter estimated using Bernoulli's Equation in the rotor reference frame. They show that cavitation breakdown is associated with a rapid expansion of the attached cavitation on the blade suction side (SS) into the blade overlap region, blocking part of the entrance to this passage, increasing the velocity and reducing the pressure along the pressure side (PS) of the blade. Initially, expansion of the SS cavitation compensates for the reduced PS pressure, resulting in a slight increase in performance. Further reduction of the inlet pressure causes a rapid decrease in performance as the SS pressure remains at the vapor pressure, while the PS pressure keeps on decreasing. In addition, during the breakdown, entrainment of the cloud cavitation by the tip leakage vortex generates the previously observed perpendicular cavitating vortices (PCVs) that extend across the passage and reduce the through-flow area in the tip region. Tests have been repeated after installing circumferential casing grooves aimed at manipulating the tip leakage flow and reduce the formation of PCVs. These grooves indeed reduce the tip region blockage during early phases. However, they have a small effect on the performance degradation by cavitation breakdown, presumably owing to their limited effect on the attached SS cavitation and tip region cloud cavitation.
Enhancing Wear Resistance of Selective Laser Melted Parts: Influence of Energy Density
Authors: Yang Y. , Zhu Y. , Yang H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Selective laser melting (SLM) is a rapidly developing metal additive manufacturing technology. SLM process parameters have a direct impact on the microstructure of parts, which further affect wear behaviors. Increasing the wear resistance by tailoring process parameters, instead of postprocessing, is crucial for enhancing surface properties of the SLM-fabricated parts with complicated structures. In this study, 316L stainless steel samples were fabricated using different energy densities by varying hatch spacing and scanning speed. The relative density and hardness were measured, and the microstructures were examined. The wear resistance was evaluated by performing scratch tests. Results show that high hardness was found in the bottom region of the samples by small hatch spacings and the highest hardness of 302.8 ± 4.3 HV was measured in the sample by a hatch spacing of 10 μm. With the increase of energy density from 178 to 533 J/mm3 by reducing hatch spacing, the fraction of cellular structures decreases and columnar structures are more likely to be aligned in a relatively constant tilted angle from the build direction, which significantly improve the ability to resist slipping and deformation, indicated by 90.1%, 45.0%, and 15.7% reductions in wear rates under 1, 3, and 5 N, respectively. With the increase of energy density from 182 to 545 J/mm3 by reducing the scanning speed, the number of cellular structures increases but pores also form, which negatively affects wear resistance.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Bi-Maxillary Osteotomy Using the Stress Distribution on the Temporomandibular Joint When Doing Anterior Teeth Occlusion
Authors: Ma He-Di , Wang Quan-Yi , Teng Hai-Dong , Zheng Ting-Hui , Liu Zhan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate how sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and Le Fort 1 osteotomy affected the stress distribution of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during an anterior teeth bite using the three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) method. Fourteen orthognathic surgery patients were examined with mandibular prognathism, facial asymmetry, and mandibular retraction. They underwent Le Fort 1 osteotomy in conjunction with SSRO. In addition, ten asymptomatic subjects were recruited as the control group. The 3D models of the mandible, disc, and maxilla were reconstructed according to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Contact was used to simulate the interaction of the disc-condyle, disc-temporal bone, and upper-lower dentition. Muscle forces and boundary conditions corresponding to the anterior occlusions were applied on the models. The stresses on the articular disc and condyle in the pre-operative group were significantly higher than normal. The contact stress and minimum principal stress in TMJ for patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) were abnormally higher. The peak stresses of the TMJ of the patients under anterior occlusions decreased after bimaxillary osteotomy. No postoperative TMD symptoms were found. Maxillofacial deformity led to excessive stress on the TMJ. Bimaxillary osteotomy can partially improve the stress distributions of the TMJ and relieve the symptoms of TMD.