bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cell-to-patient machine learning transfer approach uncovers novel basal-like breast cancer prognostic markers amongst alternative splice variants
Authors: Villemin Jean-Philippe , Lorenzi Claudio , Oldfield Andrew , Cabrillac Marie-Sarah , Ritchie William , Luco Reini F. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundBreast cancer is amongst the 10 first causes of death in women worldwide. Around 20% of patients are misdiagnosed leading to early metastasis, resistance to treatment and relapse. Many clinical and gene expression profiles have been successfully used to classify breast tumours into 5 major types with different prognosis and sensitivity to specific treatments. Unfortunately, these profiles have failed to subclassify breast tumours into more subtypes to improve diagnostics and survival rate. Alternative splicing is emerging as a new source of highly specific biomarkers to classify tumours in different grades. Taking advantage of extensive public transcriptomics datasets in breast cancer cell lines (CCLE) and breast cancer tumours (TCGA), we have addressed the capacity of alternative splice variants to subclassify highly aggressive breast cancers.ResultsTranscriptomics analysis of alternative splicing events between luminal, basal A and basal B breast cancer cell lines identified a unique splicing signature for a subtype of tumours, the basal B, whose classification is not in use in the clinic yet. Basal B cell lines, in contrast with luminal and basal A, are highly metastatic and express epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) markers, which are hallmarks of cell invasion and resistance to drugs. By developing a semi-supervised machine learning approach, we transferred the molecular knowledge gained from these cell lines into patients to subclassify basal-like triple negative tumours into basal A- and basal B-like categories. Changes in splicing of 25 alternative exons, intimately related to EMT and cell invasion such as ENAH, CD44 and CTNND1, were sufficient to identify the basal-like patients with the worst prognosis. Moreover, patients expressing this basal B-specific splicing signature also expressed newly identified biomarkers of metastasis-initiating cells, like CD36, supporting a more invasive phenotype for this basal B-like breast cancer subtype.ConclusionsUsing a novel machine learning approach, we have identified an EMT-related splicing signature capable of subclassifying the most aggressive type of breast cancer, which are basal-like triple negative tumours. This proof-of-concept demonstrates that the biological knowledge acquired from cell lines can be transferred to patients data for further clinical investigation. More studies, particularly in 3D culture and organoids, will increase the accuracy of this transfer of knowledge, which will open new perspectives into the development of novel therapeutic strategies and the further identification of specific biomarkers for drug resistance and cancer relapse.
Homemade Bread: Repurposing an Ancient Technology forin vitroTissue Engineering
Authors: Holmes Jessica T. , Jaberansari Ziba , Collins William , Latour Maxime Leblanc , Modulevsky Daniel J. , Pelling Andrew E. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTNumerous synthetic and naturally-occurring biomaterials have been developed to provide such architectures to support the proliferation of mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. Our group, and others, have shown that scaffolds derived from plants can be utilized for tissue engineering applications in biomedicine and in the burgeoning cultured meat industry. Such scaffolds are ideally straightforward and inexpensive to prepare, allowing researchers to take advantage of their intrinsic 3D microarchitectures. These efforts inspired us to continue to pursue the development of novel and unconventional biomaterials that are easily produced and high performingin vitro. With this in mind, few plant-derived materials are more ubiquitous than bread. Having observed the porosity of the crumb (i.e. the internal bulk) we sought to investigate whether it might support the proliferation of mammalian cellsin vitro. Here, we develop and validate a yeast-free “soda bread” that maintains its mechanical stability over several weeks in culture conditions. Importantly, we also demonstrate that control over the mechanical stability of the scaffold can also be achieved with both chemical and enzymatic means. The scaffolding is a heterogeneous and complex structure of isolated and interconnected pores which allow for the proliferation of multiple cell types. We demonstrate here that mouse fibroblasts, myoblasts and pre-osteoblasts are able to proliferate up to four weeks in culture. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates that the fibroblasts are able to deposit their own fibronectin extracellular matrix and that mouse myoblasts are able to differentiate and fuse into myotubes. Although the pre-osteoblasts proliferated over the course of four weeks their ability to differentiate was inconclusive. Metabolic analyses of proliferation, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress reveal that cells remain highly viable and functional on these novel bread scaffolds. While the results presented in this proof-of-concept study create many new questions and opportunities, the results open up novel possibilities in the development of edible scaffolds that may be utilized in future food applications. Bread derived scaffolds represent a surprising alternative to synthetic or animal-derived scaffolds for addressing a diverse variety of tissue engineering challenges in food science. Future studies will delve deeper into investigating these how possibilities might take advantage of the immense breadth of knowledge about bread making and examine their applicability in the development of lab grown foods and broader applications in cellular agriculture.
Drivers of digital adoption: a multiple case analysis among low and high-tech industries in Malaysia
Authors: Lee Yan Yin , Falahat Mohammad , Sia Bik Kai 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis paper identifies the forces that drive digital adoption among SMEs from low and high-tech industries in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses multiple case analyses based on data gathered by in-depth interviews with key representatives of 20 firms from low and high-tech industries in Malaysia.FindingsThe findings suggest that digital adoption among SMEs derives by four fundamental forces, which are sales, marketing, process improvement and product development.Research limitations/implicationsThis study employed qualitative research, but lack of geographic diversity limits the generalisability of the case findings. This study provides several suggestions to policymakers and technology suppliers on how to encourage adoption of digitalisation among SMEs.Originality/valueThis study proposes a model that presents the critical forces that drive digital adoption for export-oriented firms, thus enriching the knowledge in SME digitalisation literature.
Should hospitals invest in customised on-demand 3D printing for surgeries?
Authors: Chaudhuri Atanu , Naseraldin Hussein , Søberg Peder Veng , Kroll Ehud , Librus Michael 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to (1) analyse the effect of customised on-demand 3DP on surgical flow time, its variability and clinical outcomes (2) provide a framework for hospitals to decide whether to invest in 3DP or to outsource.Design/methodology/approachThe research design included interviews, workshops and field visits. Design science approach was used to analyse the impact of the 3D printing (3DP) interventions on specific outcomes and to develop frameworks for hospitals to invest in 3DP, which were validated through further interviews with stakeholders.FindingsEvidence from this research shows that deploying customised on-demand 3DP can reduce surgical flow time and its variability while improving clinical outcomes. Such outcomes are obtained due to rapid development of the anatomical model and surgical guides along with precise cutting during surgery.Research limitations/implicationsWe outline multiple opportunities for research on supply chain design and performance assessment for surgical 3DP. Further empirical research is needed to validate the results.Practical implicationsThe decision to implement 3DP in hospitals or to engage service providers will require careful analysis of complexity, demand, lead-time criticality and a hospital's own objectives. Hospitals can follow different paths in adopting 3DP for surgeries depending on their context.Originality/valueThe operations and supply chain management community has researched on-demand distributed manufacturing for multiple industries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper on customised on-demand 3DP for surgeries.
UK charities and the pandemic: navigating the perfect storm
Authors: Hyndman Noel 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to discuss the impact of COVID-19 on the UK charity sector, outline possible opportunities for researchers in accounting/management as a consequence and discuss possible strategies to respond to the pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach
Literature-based personal critical reflection.

Findings
COVID-19 has created a perfect storm for charities, as major swathes of income have been lost, demands on services have increased and some are unable to operate at all because of imposed constraints.

Originality/value
Possible avenues for research, arising from the context of the crisis in the sector, are highlighted. Moreover, several useful strategies are emphasised to enable charities to navigate the crisis.
Food fraud: an international snapshot and lessons for Australia
Authors: Lindley Jade 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Economically motivated food crimes are widespread, and it appears countries and consumers across the globe are affected. Foods targeted and ways of dealing with food crimes vary according to several factors, including the source and destination of the food; demand; availability (e.g. short growing season); price; environmental impacts, such as sustainability (e.g. seafood); likely consumers (e.g. babies); and regulatory controls. Internationally, several foods are well known to be commonly targeted by unscrupulous criminal groups, ultimately leaving unsuspecting consumers exposed economically and physiologically. The purpose of this paper is to understand the nature of food fraud and the criminals committing it.

Design/methodology/approach
Building on a systematic search of international scholarly literature from a wide cross-section of disciplines, parliamentary documents and media articles relating to food crime, this paper cautions the vulnerabilities to food crimes in Australia from a criminological perspective. It draws on crime opportunity theory to explain the modus operandi of criminals engaging in food fraud.

Findings
Inadequate testing regimes, unclear definitions and inadequate laws expose consumers and vulnerable industries to food crimes. With reference to uniquely Australian examples, this paper highlights exposure opportunities and concludes with lessons drawn internationally. Further research is underway to explore how these vulnerabilities can be resolved through closing regulatory gaps and the introduction of innovative technology.

Originality/value
This paper usefully draws on trends in the literature and applies crime opportunity theory to understand how food fraud may present in Australia for everyday foods, as well as emerging and highly prized markets.
Effect of location on access to finance: international evidence on the moderating role of employee training
Authors: Bakhadirov Mukhammadfoik , Pashayev Zakir , Farooq Omar 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe paper answers the following questions: (1) Do firms located in rural areas experience greater problems in accessing financial services? (2) If this is the case, what can these firms do to improve their access to finance?Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the pooled logistic regression and the data collected by the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys during the period between 2008 and 2018 to answer the aforementioned questions.FindingsThe results of this paper show that firms headquartered in rural (urban) areas experience greater (lower) problems in accessing finance than other firms. This paper attributes these findings to higher (lower) levels of information asymmetry and lower (higher) levels of density of banking operations in rural (urban) areas. The results of this paper also show that firms headquartered in rural areas can improve their access to finance by increasing the skill levels of their employees.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the actions that rural firms can undertake to overcome the adverse impact of their geographic location.
Do leverage decisions mediate the relationship between board structure and insolvency risk? A comparative mediating role of capital structure and debt maturity
Authors: Hussain Rana Yassir , Wen Xuezhou , Hussain Haroon , Saad Muhammad , Zafar Zuhaib 
Published: November 2020

PurposeCorporate boards monitor managerial decisions as concluded by the monitoring hypothesis. In this scenario, the present study stresses that leverage decisions can be used as a tool to control insolvency risk.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims at investigating the intervention of capital structure and debt maturity on the relationship between corporate board composition and insolvency risk by employing Preacher and Hayes’s (2008) approach. The study sample comprises 284 firms from 2013 to 2017. Structural equation modeling is used to study the direct and indirect relationships among study variables.FindingsResults show that debt maturity is a significant mediator between CEO duality and insolvency risk and between board size and insolvency risk relationships. However, the capital structure did not mediate any of the proposed links.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suggests using more long-term debt to tackle insolvency risk in listed non-financial firms of Pakistan. It is also inferred that decisions regarding debt maturity are more crucial than capital structure decisions because insolvency risk is concerned.Originality/valueThis study evaluates the comparative mediating role of the debt maturity and the capital structure. Such role is uncommon in the literature addressing the relationship between governance variables and insolvency risk.
A review of learning theories and models underpinning technology-enhanced learning artefacts
Authors: Hammad Rawad , Khan Zaheer , Safieddine Fadi , Ahmed Allam 
Published: November 2020

PurposeVarious technology-enhanced learning software and tools exist where technology becomes the main driver for these developments at the expense of pedagogy. The literature reveals the missing balance between technology and pedagogy in the continuously evolving technology-enhanced learning domain. Consequently, e-learners struggle to realise the pedagogical value of such e-learning artefacts. This paper aims to understand the different pedagogical theories, models and frameworks underpinning current technology-enhanced learning artefacts to pave the way for designing more effective e-learning artefacts.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this goal, a review is conducted to survey the most influential pedagogical theories, models and frameworks. To carry out this review, five major bibliographic databases have been searched, which has led to identifying a large number of articles. The authors selected 34 of them for further analysis based on their relevance to our research scope. The authors critically analysed the selected sources qualitatively to identify the most dominant learning theories, classify them and map them onto the key characteristics, criticism, approaches, models and e-learning artefacts.FindingsThe authors highlighted the significance of pedagogies underpinning e-learning artefacts. Furthermore, the authors presented the common and special aspects of each theory to support our claim, which is developing a hybrid pedagogical approach. Such a hybrid approach remains a necessity to effectively guide learners and allow them to achieve their learning outcomes using e-learning artefacts.Originality/valueThe authors found that different pedagogical approaches complement rather than compete with each other. This affirms our recommended approach to adopt a hybrid approach for learning to meet learners' requirements. The authors also found that a substantive consideration for context is inevitable to test our evolving understanding of pedagogy.
Environment dependent microbial co‐occurrences across a cyanobacterial bloom in a freshwater lake
Authors: Wu Gang , Ge Leixin , Zhao Na , Liu Fei , Shi Zunji , Zheng Ningning , Zhou Dan , Jiang Xingpeng , Halverson Larry , Xie Bo 
Published: November 2020

SummaryMicrobial taxon–taxon co‐occurrences may directly or indirectly reflect the potential relationships between the members within a microbial community. However, to what extent and the specificity by which these co‐occurrences are influenced by environmental factors remains unclear. In this report, we evaluated how the dynamics of microbial taxon–taxon co‐occurrence is associated with the changes of environmental factors in Nan Lake at Wuhan city, China with a Modified Liquid Association method. We were able to detect more than 1000 taxon–taxon co‐occurrences highly correlated with one or more environmental factors across a phytoplankton bloom using 16S rRNA gene amplicon community profiles. These co‐occurrences, referred to as environment dependent co‐occurrences (ED_co‐occurrences), delineate a unique network in which a taxon–taxon pair exhibits specific, and potentially dynamic correlations with an environmental parameter, while the individual relative abundance of each may not. Microcystis involved ED_co‐occurrences are in important topological positions in the network, suggesting relationships between the bloom dominant species and other taxa could play a role in the interplay of microbial community and environment across various bloom stages. Our results may broaden our understanding of the response of a microbial community to the environment, particularly at the level of microbe–microbe associations.
The microbial safety of fish and fish products: Recent advances in understanding its significance, contamination sources, and control strategies
Authors: Sheng Lina , Wang Luxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicroorganisms play a crucial and unique role in fish and fish product safety. The presence of human pathogens and the formation of histamine caused by spoilage bacteria make the control of both pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms critical for fish product safety. To provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the involvement of microorganisms in fish and fish product safety, this paper reviewed outbreak and recall surveillance data obtained from government agencies from 1998 to 2018 and identified major safety concerns associated with both domestic and imported fish products. The review also summarized all available literature about the prevalence of major and emerging microbial safety concerns, includingSalmonellaspp.,Listeria monocytogenes, andAeromonas hydrophila, in different fish and fish products and the survival of these pathogens under different storage conditions. The prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic‐resistant genes (ARGs), two emerging food safety concerns, is also reviewed. Pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms as well as ARB and ARGs can be introduced into fish and fish products in both preharvest and postharvest stages. Many novel intervention strategies have been proposed and tested for the control of different microorganisms on fish and fish products. One key question that needs to be considered when developing and implementing novel control measures is how to ensure that the measures are cost and environment friendly as well as sustainable. Over the years, regulations have been established to provide guidance documents for good farming and processing practices. To be more prepared for the globalization of the food chain, harmonization of regulations is still needed.
Evaluation of the modified computed tomography severity index (MCTSI) and computed tomography severity index (CTSI) in predicting severity and clinical outcomes in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Alberti Piero , Pando Elizabeth , Mata Rodrigo , Vidal Laura , Roson Nuria , Mast Richard , Armario David , Merino Xavier , Dopazo Cristina , Blanco Laia , Caralt Mireia , Gomez Concepción , Balsells Joaquim , Charco Ramon 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveOur main purpose was to compare the modified computed tomography severity index (MCTSI), computed tomography severity index (CTSI), and acute physiological and chronic health evaluation (APACHE)‐II predictions regarding severity according to the revised Atlanta classification 2012 and local complications in acute pancreatitis in a consecutive prospective cohort.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐nine patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis were prospectively enrolled. APACHE‐II, MCTSI, and CTSI were calculated for all cases. Severity parameters included persistent organ or multiorgan failure, length of hospitalization, the need for intensive care, death, and local complications (intervention against necrosis and infected necrosis). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated and the value of scoring systems was compared.ResultsBoth CTSI and MCTSI were associated significantly with all the evaluated severity parameters and showed a correlation between imaging severity and the worst clinical outcomes. Persistent organ failure, persistent multiorgan failure, and death were found in 30 (20.1%), 20 (13.4%), and 13 (8.7%) patients, respectively. The most common extrapancreatic finding was pleural effusion in 76 (51.0%) patients. The AUROC for CTSI was higher for predicting persistent organ failure (0.749, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.640‐0.857), death (AUROC 0.793, 95% CI 0.650‐0.936), intervention against necrosis (AUROC 0.862, 95% CI 0.779‐0.945), and infected necrosis (AUROC 0.883, 95% CI 0.882‐0.930).ConclusionsCT indexes outperformed the classic APACHE‐II score for evaluating severity parameters in acute pancreatitis, with a slight advantage of CTSI over MCTSI. CTSI accurately predicted pancreatic infections and the need for intervention.
Learning while setting precedents
Authors: Chen Ying , Eraslan Hülya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA decision maker makes a ruling on a random case in each period. She is uncertain about the correct ruling until conducting a costly investigation. A ruling establishes a precedent, which cannot be violated under binding precedent. We compare the information acquisition incentives, the evolution of standards and the social welfare under nonbinding and binding precedents. Compared to nonbinding precedent, under binding precedent, information acquisition incentives are stronger in earlier periods, but become weaker as more precedents are established. Although erroneous rulings may be perpetuated under binding precedent, welfare can be higher because of the more intensive investigation early on.