bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cleaved Core
Authors: Bromley Daniel W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The evolutionary trajectory of capitalism has now rendered the household precarious, economically disadvantaged, and vulnerable to the whims of firms under the authoritarian grip of the wrangler. Stagnant living standards for the vast majority of households in the metropolitan core is evidence that most households have been reduced to peripatetic hustlers in order to survive. Job loss haunts many areas within the core. Worker protections have been reduced to a minimum, and political alienation is on the rise. The Brexit decision in the United Kingdom, the election of an angry outsider to the presidency of the United States, and the rise of right-wing parties in Europe signal the extent to which households have become marginalized and angry.
Escaping Possessive Individualism
Authors: Bromley Daniel W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Contemporary economics stands implicated in the triumph of possessive individualism. In viewing the individual as nothing but a utility-maximizing consumer, economic theory offers apologetics for the self-interested tendencies that imperil personhood. Managerial capitalism reifies the acquisitive urges embedded in contemporary economics. As the defects of managerial capitalism become apparent, escape seems impossible. This mental barrier persists because economics is not an evolutionary science. An economy is always in the process of becoming, and yet economic theory denies this “becoming” to consumers whose tastes and preferences are assumed to be unchanging—and none of our business. The escape requires an evolutionary economics that recognizes the individual as constantly engaged in a process of experiencing life and necessarily adapting to it. In that dynamic process, individuals are also crafting their own future. An evolutionary economics can help light the way as societies seek escape from the grip of possessive individualism.
Recovering Personhood
Authors: Bromley Daniel W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Possessive individualism undermines the realization of full personhood, and it enables the capitalist firm to shed any sense of obligation to those who must rent or sell their labor power in order that they might eat. The fundamental crisis of capitalism is that the self-absorbed individual and the self-dealing capitalist firm are locked in a perverse contest in which their mutual dependence is both acknowledged and resented. Re-creating historic ideas of obligations—civic duties—seems impossible to imagine. A more plausible transition is to be found in the idea of loyalty: loyalty to others with whom we work, with whom we share social spaces, and with the community at large. Loyalty from the capitalist firm toward its workers would be a start. Loyalty from the acquisitive selfish individual would be helpful in restoring a shared and necessary sense of personhood.
Running with a “Loser”
Authors: Boatright Robert G. , Sperling Valerie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the effects of Donald Trump’s nomination on the conduct of Senate and House general election campaigns. Trump’s nomination prompted many Republican donors and interest groups to decrease their spending on the presidential race and increase their spending in support of other candidates. The chapter documents the effects of this rapid shift in resources on down-ballot campaigns, and compares 2016 to a variety of previous presidential elections in order to explore past Democratic and Republican strategies for insulating congressional candidates from problematic presidential nominees. The chapter shows how Republican donors and candidates distanced themselves from Trump (applying the lessons they had learned from past elections), and why they did so. Trump’s misogyny played an important role in the latter question, as many Republican candidates broke with Trump after the Access Hollywood tape emerged in October 2016.
A History of American Law
Authors: Friedman Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This book is a general history of the legal system of the United States, beginning in the colonial period, and continuing up to the present. The work was originally published in 1973; this is the fourth edition, which brings the material up to date and incorporates recent research. The book covers the changing configurations of commercial law, criminal law, and family law, and the law of property; lays great stress on race relations, especially black-white relations; it deals also with the legal profession and legal education. The approach throughout is geared toward an intelligent lay audience. Legal jargon is avoided. The underlying theory of the book is that law is the product of society, so that what is attempted, in essence, is a more or less sociological history of the legal system, as it evolved over the years.
Judges and Courts: 1850–1900
Authors: Friedman Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses judiciary changes in the second half of the nineteenth century. After the middle of the century, the popular election of judges was more and more accepted as normal. Every state that entered the Union after 1846 gave voters the right to elect some or all of their judges. The California Constitution of 1849 made the whole system elective, from the supreme court down to justices of the peace. In the year 1850 alone, seven states amended their laws to provide for more popular election of judges. In 1850, both the Michigan and Pennsylvania supreme courts turned elective. In 1853, the voters of Tennessee approved a constitutional amendment; and from 1854 on, Tennessee abolished what one newspaper called a “relic of by-gone days,” the days of “repressive monarchy”; the supreme court of Tennessee became an elective body.
Administrative Law and Regulation of Business
Authors: Friedman Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses the development of administrative law in the in the second half of the nineteenth century covering the coming of bureaucrats, infrastructure regulation, occupational licensing, and the Sherman Antitrust Act. The administrative agency was the child of necessity. Government was growing, at all levels, and this created a need for specialists and specialized bodies. The period between 1850 and 1900 sometimes looks as if this was a kind of climax of laissez-faire—the age of Social Darwinism, the businessman’s earthly kingdom in the United States. Obviously, there is some truth to this idea. It was a period in which businessmen made loud noises, and won some great victories, at all levels of government. But some of this was defensive, a response to movement on the other side.
The Legal Profession: The Training and Literature of Law
Authors: Friedman Lawrence M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses changes in the legal profession in the second half of the nineteenth century, covering the rise of the law school, the literature of the law, and legal periodicals and casebooks. No state in the nineteenth century made a law degree, or a college degree, a prerequisite for admission to the bar. Many lawyers, however, even in the 1850s, did go to college, and more and more students who could afford it chose law school as well. Indeed, by 1900 it was quite clear that the law schools would come to dominate legal education. After the Civil War, an increasing number of law schools formed some sort of tie with a college or university. More than three-quarters of the schools open and running in the 1890s were of this type.
Extreme Exoticism
Authors: Sheppard W. Anthony 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Extreme Exoticism: Japan in the American Musical Imagination offers a detailed and wide-ranging documentation and investigation of the role of music in shaping American perceptions of the Japanese, the influence of Japanese music on American composers, and the place of Japanese Americans in American musical life. This book covers over 150 years of American musical history, from the first American encounters with the Japanese in the mid nineteenth-century to today, as it reveals the central role of music in American japonisme. Nearly every musical genre, media, and form is discussed, as parallels between “high” and “low” art and connections between various art forms are explored. Particular emphasis is placed on popular song in both the Tin Pan Alley period and in more recent decades and on representations of the Japanese throughout the history of Hollywood film and Broadway musicals. Manifestations of the “Madame Butterfly” narrative are explored throughout a wide range of popular musical, cinematic, and theatrical genres. Musical representations of Japan were directly connected to efforts to reshape American perceptions of race and gender and for the purposes of political propaganda, particularly during World War II and the Cold War periods. The book also details the extensive influence of Japanese traditional music on modernist American composers and the pursuit of Japanese musical performance by numerous American musicians.
Singing Sayonara
Authors: Sheppard W. Anthony 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Postwar Hollywood films offered the most sustained exposure American audiences have ever had to the Japanese performing arts. Following World War II, Hollywood created a new image of Japan, one that replaced the racism it had nourished during the war with depictions emphasizing the cultural refinements of the exotic Japanese. Music was central to this transformation. The primary example is the 1957 Sayonara. Multiple forms of “Japanese” music are heard in this film, creating a complex and contradictory musical portrait. Franz Waxman’s score employs Irving Berlin’s “Sayonara” and numerous folk tunes and includes original music composed for Japanese instruments. Several traditional Japanese performing art forms are encountered as well as Takarazuka theater. Sayonara is but one of the multiple films from the late 1950s and early 60s discussed: Three Stripes in the Sun, Cry for Happy, The Barbarian and the Geisha, Teahouse of the August Moon, The Crimson Kimono.
Representing the Authentic from Japanese American Perspectives
Authors: Sheppard W. Anthony 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the career of Japanese American composer and arranger Tak Shindo (1922–2002). Shindo grew up nisei in Los Angeles. Japanese American musical life is discussed with a focus on the community’s 1933 production of Sakura composed by Claude Lapham in the Hollywood Bowl. Interned at Manzanar during World War II, Shindo began musical studies through the camp’s programs. Although devoted to Latin jazz, he repeatedly served during the Cold War as a Japanese musical advisor for such Hollywood composers as Franz Waxman and Max Steiner (Sayonara, Cry for happy, and A majority of one). Several of his 1950s and 60s albums—combining elements of Japanese music with the big band style—were successful in the exotica genre. Shindo’s self-Orientalism is compared with the musical exoticism of Martin Denny. A brief discussion of subsequent Japanese American jazz follows. The chapter concludes with a profile of the composer Paul Chihara.
The Rise of China and International Law
Authors: Cai Congyan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The rise of China represents a far-reaching process of international relations in the twentieth century, which should bring about extensive but uncertain ramifications. How China interacts with international legal order—namely, how China takes advantage of international law to facilitate and justify its rise and whether and how international law is relied upon to engage a rising China—has been inviting growing debates among academics and policy circles. A couple of recently eye-catching events, for instance, China-Philippines South China Sea (SCS) arbitration and the China-U.S. trade war, have intensified unease in international society. This book for the first time provides a systematic and critical elaboration on interplay between a rising China and international law. It focuses on several crucial issues, including: Is international law relevant to the rise of China? How has China adjusted its international legal policies as China’s state identity changes over time, especially as it rises as a new great power? What methodologies does China adopt to comply with international law, in particular, to achieve its new legal strategy of norm entrepreneurship? What is the typology of China’s engagement with international organizations? How does China organize its domestic institutions to engage international law to enhance its rise? How does China use international law at the national level (Chinese courts) and the international level (lawfare in international dispute settlement)? And finally, how should “Chinese exceptionalism” be understood? This book adds important literature on emerging comparative international law.
The First Amendment in the Trump Era
Authors: Zick Timothy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This book examines challenges to the First Amendment during the Trump Era. The Trump Era is characterized first and foremost by a president who has publicly challenged First Amendment free speech and press principles, norms, and rights. Candidate and now President Trump has declared “war” on the institutional press, publicly condemned individual protesters, blocked Twitter critics, made derogatory comments about race and gender, and exhibited a general intolerance of criticism and dissent. These events have transpired in an era also characterized by a diminished institutional press, mass digitization of speech, generational uncertainty about the benefits of freedom of speech, deepening social and cultural cleavages, the rise of intense and negative partisanship, and the proliferation of hateful expression. Together, these conditions pose serious threats to our First Amendment traditions concerning freedom of press and speech. In particular, they pose a distinctive threat to the creation and preservation of a culture of dissent, without which democracy itself is imperiled. Although some of the era’s conditions and challenges are new, many of the First Amendment concerns they raise are not. The book thus looks to historical events to highlight both what is unique about the Trump Era and what is historically familiar. In terms of rebuffing authoritarian impulses and resisting pressures to conform, the lessons of the past point the way forward.
Sedition
Authors: Zick Timothy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the concept of “sedition” and efforts to suppress dissent and disloyalty. President Adams used the Sedition Act of 1798 to prosecute and jail his critics and political opponents. That episode ultimately revealed the “central meaning of the First Amendment”—that Americans must be free to criticize their public officials, even if that criticism is often caustic and unpleasant. Federal and state officials have not proposed reviving the crime of seditious libel. However, several critics of the Trump administration have come under fire and suffered tangible consequences for openly criticizing the president and the Trump administration. As in prior eras, recent efforts to punish sedition and disloyalty pose serious threats to democratic self-government and political discourse.
Cross-Genre Synthesis
Authors: Crist Stephen A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The story of Time Out involves the surprising juxtaposition of seemingly disparate elements and an artistic vision that encompasses musical cultures from around the world. The present chapter unfolds three case studies that illustrate Dave Brubeck’s liberal attitude toward many different kinds of music and his desire to invite their influence into his work as a composer and an improviser. It also demonstrates Brubeck’s skill in bringing together aspects of classical and world music with jazz, to produce a coherent artistic statement. First, the three strands of “Blue Rondo à la Turk” (world music, classical, blues) are examined individually. The chapter then proceeds to discussion of the origins of “Watusi Drums” in a field recording of African drumming, and its transformation into “Pick Up Sticks.” The last vignette considers Brubeck’s quotation from Shostakovich’s Fifth Symphony in a version of “Take Five” that was recorded live in Moscow in 1987.
Music and Lyrics
Authors: Crist Stephen A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although Time Out is a purely instrumental album, several of its cuts either originated as songs or later were supplied with words. Two singers—Claude Nougaro in the 1960s and Al Jarreau in the 1970s and 1980s—rose to fame largely on the basis of their vocal renditions of tunes from Time Out. This chapter examines the interplay between music and lyrics in the origins and history of these numbers. It begins with examination of the interdependence of “Everybody’s Jumpin’ ” and “Everybody’s Comin’ ” (the latter a song from The Real Ambassadors). The vocal versions of “Strange Meadow Lark” and “Take Five,” with lyrics by Dave and Iola Brubeck, and their recordings by Carmen McRae, are considered next. The chapter concludes with discussion of Nougaro’s “À bout de souffle” and “Le jazz et la java,” and Jarreau’s “(Round, Round, Round) Blue Rondo à la Turk” and “Take Five.”
Introduction
Authors: Baggett David , Walls Jerry L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The richness of the history of the moral argument is a well-kept secret. Numerous luminaries from its history devoted their best intellectual energies to its exploration. Several of them gave Gifford lectures on the topic. From before Kant until the present day, the story of the moral argument has been unfolding. Its adherents have had much to say about morality, its disparate features, and their evidential potential. This book will chronicle this long and fertile history. We trust the story will serve as inspiration for a new generation to recapture some of the vision and passion shared by these luminaries in the field who had learned to live long and well with these arguments, making them part of the air they breathed, and in so doing breathing new life back into them.
“Written by His Own Hand”
Authors: Givens Terryl , Hauglid Brian M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 1835, Joseph Smith acquired four mummies and a trove of papyri from an antiquities dealer. He claimed that the papyri included a narrative of the patriarch Abraham, and over the following years he translated the Book of Abraham. It describes a creation presided over by “gods” and details a premortal council in which human “intelligences” are present and a Savior is chosen. Controversy over Smith’s “translation” erupted almost immediately and reignited in 1967 when some of the original papyri were made public. Egyptologists identify those fragments as Egyptian funerary documents, unrelated to Smith’s Book of Abraham chronologically or thematically. Some Latter-day Saint apologists disagree, finding the Egypticity of Smith’s narrative credible. Other apologists agree that his work fails as translation in the conventional sense but succeeds as genuinely inspired scripture.
Constitutional Amendments
Authors: Albert Richard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions is both a roadmap for navigating the intellectual universe of constitutional amendment and a blueprint for building and improving the rules of constitutional change. Drawing from dozens of constitutions in every region of the world, this book blends theory with practice to answer two all-important questions: What is an amendment and how should constitutional designers structure the procedures of constitutional change? The first matters now more than ever. Reformers are exploiting the rules of constitutional amendment, testing the limits of legal constraint, undermining the norms of democratic government, and flouting the constitution as written to create entirely new constitutions that masquerade as ordinary amendments. The second question is central to the performance and endurance of constitutions. Constitutional designers today have virtually no resources to guide them in constructing the rules of amendment, and scholars do not have a clear portrait of the significance of amendment rules in the project of constitutionalism. Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions shows that no part of a constitution is more important than the procedures we use change it. Amendment rules open a window into the soul of a constitution, exposing its deepest vulnerabilities and revealing its greatest strengths. The codification of amendment rules often at the end of the text proves that last is not always least.
Cinesonidos
Authors: Avila Jacqueline 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cinesonidos: Film Music and National Identity During Mexico’s Época de Oro is the first book-length study concerning the function of music in the prominent genres structured by the Mexican film industry. Integrating primary source material with film music studies, sound studies, and Mexican film and cultural history, this project closely examines examples from five significant film genres that developed during the 1930s through 1950s. These genres include the prostitute melodrama, the fictional indigenista film (films on indigenous themes or topics), the cine de añoranza porfiriana (films of Porfirian nostalgia), the revolutionary melodrama, and the comedia ranchera (ranch comedy). The musics in these films helped create and accentuate the tropes and archetypes considered central to Mexican cultural nationalism. Distinct in narrative and structure, each genre exploits specific, at times contradictory, aspects of Mexicanidad—the cultural identity of the Mexican people—and, as such, employs different musics to concretize those constructions. Throughout this turbulent period, these tropes and archetypes mirrored changing perceptions of Mexicanidad manufactured by the state and popular and transnational culture. Several social and political agencies were heavily invested in creating a unified national identity to merge the previously fragmented populace owing to the Mexican Revolution (1910–ca.1920). The commercial medium of film became an important tool in acquainting a diverse urban audience with the nuances of national identity, and music played an essential and persuasive role in the process. In this heterogeneous environment, cinema and its music continuously reshaped the contested, fluctuating space of Mexican identity.
What Is Positive in Negative Theology?
Authors: Goodman Lenn E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Does the negative theology inspired by thoughts of God’s transcendence reduce to vacuity, leaving only atheism or agnosticism as its residue? Maimonides helps us frame an answer. The “lexicon” of biblical anthropomorphisms he surveys in the first seventy chapters of the Guide to the Perplexed prepare one for the discipline of apophatic theology by mapping an ontological, axiological, and epistemological hierarchy oriented by an axis stretching away from physicality and toward the intellectual and ever more real. God surmounts its summit. We enrich our grasp of God’s infinite perfection as our appreciation grows of the myriad ways in which perfection shows itself in nature. So broader experience can give content to our thoughts of God’s absoluteness and guide us in pursuit of a perfection of our own. Reaching beyond Maimonides’ hylomorphic axis of perfection, the Chapter 6 seeks to bring matter itself in from the cold.