bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differing Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Microarchitecture and Bone Mineral Density in Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cheung Ada S , Hoermann Rudolf , Ghasem-Zadeh Ali , Tinson Alistair J , Ly Vivian , Milevski Stefan V , Joon Daryl Lim , Zajac Jeffrey D , Seeman Ego , Grossmann Mathis 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) given to men with prostate cancer causes rapid and severe sex steroid deficiency, leading to increased bone remodeling and accelerated bone loss. To examine the effects of a single dose of zoledronic acid on bone microarchitecture, we conducted a 2-year randomized placebo controlled trial in 76 men, mean age (interquartile range [IQR]) 67.8 years (63.8 to 73.9) with non-metastatic prostate cancer commencing adjuvant ADT; 39 were randomized to zoledronic acid and 37 to matching placebo. Bone microarchitecture was measured using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Using a mixed model, mean adjusted differences (MAD; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]) between the groups are reported as the treatment effect at several time points. Over 24 months, zoledronic acid showed no appreciable treatment effect on the primary outcomes for total volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD); radius (6.7 mg HA/cm3 [−2.0 to 15.4], p = 0.21) and tibia (1.9 mg HA/cm3 [−3.3 to 7.0], p = 0.87). Similarly, there were no between-group differences in other measures of microarchitecture, with the exception of a modest effect of zoledronic acid over placebo in total cortical vBMD at the radius over 12 months (17.3 mgHA/cm3 [5.1 to 29.5]). In contrast, zoledronic acid showed a treatment effect over 24 months on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at all sites, including lumbar spine (0.10 g/cm2 [0.07 to 0.13]), p &lt; 0.001), and total hip (0.04 g/cm2 [0.03 to 0.05], p &lt; 0.001). Bone remodeling markers were initially suppressed in the treatment group then increased but remained lower relative to placebo (MADs at 24 months CTX −176 ng/L [−275 to –76], p &lt; 0.001; P1NP –18 mg/L [−32 to –5], p &lt; 0.001). These findings suggest that a single dose of zoledronic acid over 2 years is ineffective in preventing the unbalanced bone remodeling and severe microstructural deterioration associated with ADT therapy. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric Patients With Renal Impairment
Authors: Al‐Khouja Amer , Park Kyunghun , Anderson Daijha J.C. , Young Caitlyn , Wang Jian , Huang Shiew Mei , Khurana Mona , Burckart Gilbert J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA treatment gap exists for pediatric patients with renal impairment. Alterations in renal clearance and metabolism of drugs render standard dosage regimens inappropriate and may lead to drug toxicity, but these studies are not routinely conducted during drug development. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical evidence behind current renal impairment dosage recommendations for pediatric patients in a standard pediatric dosing handbook. The sources of recommendations and comparisons included the pediatric dosing handbook (Lexicomp), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration‐approved manufacturer’s labels, and published studies in the literature. One hundred twenty‐six drugs in Lexicomp had pediatric renal dosing recommendations. Only 14% (18 of 126) of Lexicomp pediatric renal dosing recommendations referenced a pediatric clinical study, and 15% of manufacturer's labels (19 of 126) described specific dosing regimens for renally impaired pediatric patients. Forty‐two products had published information on pediatric renal dosing, but 19 (45%) were case studies. When pediatric clinical studies were not referenced in Lexicomp, the renal dosing recommendations followed the adult and pediatric dosing recommendations on the manufacturer's label. Clinical evidence in pediatric patients does not exist for most renal dosing recommendations in a widely used pediatric dosing handbook, and the adult renal dosing recommendations from the manufacturer's label are currently the primary source of pediatric renal dosing information.
O anus, where art thou? An investigation of ctenostome bryozoans
Authors: Schwaha Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCtenostome bryozoans are a small group of approximately 350 currently described species that remain inadequately investigated anatomically. Recently, the importance of soft body morphology of zooids including the digestive tract has become more evident for addressing various biological aspects such as systematic, functional, or phylogenetic analyses. Particularly, the position of the anus shows considerable variation in ctenostomes and in its extreme form can either be at the lophophoral base or at the vestibular wall. However, it has never been analysed in a broader systematic, phylogenetic, or functional context. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess the distribution of anus position among ctenostomes, analyse whether zooidal or colonial morphology affects anus position, and draw first conclusions on its functional effects. The survey shows that a vestibular anus is ubiquitously present in alcyonidioideans and several, probably closely related, walkerioideans. In other groups such as boring forms, it appears more patchily distributed, or in some currently unassignable genera, such asMonobryozoon, supports a closer relationship to alcyonidioideans. Other zooidal or colonial characters such as tentacle number or zooidal density in the colony do not show a distinct correlation to the position of the anus. It appears that the shift of the anus into a vestibular area occurred once or twice among ctenostomes; the reasons and functional effects remain unknown. Future important aspects of defecation research in bryozoans are discussed.
Analysis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection and clinical characteristics of outpatients: An epidemiological study from a fever clinic in Wuhan, China
Authors: Wei Yanqiu , Lu Yanjun , Xia Liming , Yuan Xianglin , Li Gang , Li Xinying , Liu Li , Liu Wenhua , Zhou Peng , Wang Cong‐Yi , Zhang Huilan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2]) pneumonia, thousands of patients with fever or cough were flocked into fever clinic of designated hospitals in Wuhan, China. To date, no data have ever been reported to reflect the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) among these outpatients. Moreover, it is almost unknown to discriminate COVID‐19 and nucleic acid negative patients based on clinical features in the fever clinics.MethodsThe infectious status of SARS‐CoV‐2 was estimated among the outpatients. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics were compared between COVID‐19 and nucleic acid negative patients.ResultsThe nucleic acid positive rate for SARS‐CoV‐2 in the outpatients from our fever clinic was 67·1%, while the majority of patients with COVID‐19 were mild cases. The predominant initial symptom in those patients with COVID‐19 was fever (78.2%), followed by cough (15.6%). Very significantly lower number of eosinophils was characterized in patients with COVID‐19 as compared with that of nucleic acid negative patients. More importantly, the proportion of subjects with eosinophil counts lower than normal levels in patients with COVID‐19 was much higher than that of nucleic acid negative patients. Fever combined with bilateral ground‐glass opacities in computed tomography imaging and eosinophil count below the normal level are probably a valuable indicator of COVID‐19 infection in those outpatients.ConclusionsThose findings may provide critical information for the regions, such as Europe and United States that are facing the same situation as Wuhan experienced, and could be valuable to prevent those nucleic acid negative patients from misdiagnosis before antibody testing.
A cross‐sectional community‐based observational study of asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 prevalence in the greater Indianapolis area
Authors: Meyers Kristin J. , Jones Meghan E. , Goetz Iris A. , Botros Fady T. , Knorr Jack , Manner David H. , Woodward Brad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Asymptomatic novel CORonavirus iNfection (ACORN) study was designed to investigate the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in the asymptomatic adult population of the Indianapolis metropolitan area, to follow individuals testing positive for the development of symptoms, and to understand duration of positive test results. ACORN is a cross‐sectional community‐based observational study of adult residents presenting asymptomatic for COVID‐like illness, defined as the self‐reported absence of the following three symptoms in the last 7 days: fever (≥100°F), new‐onset or worsening cough, and new‐onset or worsening shortness of breath. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was determined by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in nasopharyngeal swab samples. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection prevalence was expressed as a point estimate with 95% confidence interval (CI). Test results are reported for 2953 participants who enrolled and underwent nasopharyngeal swab testing between 7 April 2020 and 16 May 2020. Among tested participants, 91 (3.1%; 95% CI: 2.5%‐3.7%) were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. Overall, baseline characteristics, medical history, and infection risk factors were comparable between SARS‐CoV‐2 positive and negative participants. Within the ongoing 14‐day follow‐up period for positive participants, 58 (71.6%) of 81 assessed participants remained asymptomatic while others (n = 23, 28.4%) reported one or more symptoms. Indiana had “Stay‐at‐Home” orders in place during nearly the entire test period reported here, yet 3.1% of asymptomatic participants tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. These results indicate screening questions had limited predictive utility for testing in an asymptomatic population and suggest broader testing strategies are needed. Importantly, these findings underscore that more research is needed to understand the viral transmission and the role asymptomatic and presymptomatic individuals play in this global pandemic.
Viral load of respiratory syncytial virus among children from primary care and hospital settings admitted to a university hospital in Brazil (2009‐2013)
Authors: Cruz Jéssica Santiago , de Souza Luna Luciano Kleber , Alves Vitória Rodrigues Guimarães , Conte Danielle Dias , Bellei Nancy Cristina Junqueira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a relevant cause of acute respiratory infection among children. Viral replication and immune conditions may account for severity. RSV viral load (VL) was assessed in 486 children (290 hospitalized and 196 from primary care) attended at São Paulo Hospital from 2009 to 2013. VL was calculated by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and expressed in Log10 RNA copies/mL. Coinfection with rhinovirus (RV) and influenza A virus was also tested. Young children (<1 year of age) had a higher mean VL than older children at primary care (6.35 and 4.34 Log10 RNA copies/mL, respectively; P = .0006). Conversely, hospitalized children ≥2 years of age, presented higher mean VL compared with the same age children of primary care (6.10 and 4.26, respectively; P = .0024). RV was the most codetected virus in RSV positive patients (20% from primary care and 14% in hospitalized), and influenza A virus was found in 11% of primary care and 0.4% in hospitalized children with RSV, without RSV VL association (P = .2903). These findings may guide future therapies and immunization policies considering the role of viral load on clinical presentation among older hospitalized children and also the change of infection transmissions.
Bright ultrashort echo time SWIFT MRI signal at the osteochondral junction is not located in the calcified cartilage
Authors: Nykänen Olli , Leskinen Henri P. P. , Finnilä Mikko A. J. , Karhula Sakari S. , Turunen Mikael J. , Töyräs Juha , Saarakkala Simo , Nissi Mikko J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to precisely localize the hyperintense signal that is generated at the osteochondral junction when using ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to investigate the osteochondral junction using sweep imaging with Fourier transformation (SWIFT) MRI. Furthermore, we seek to evaluate what compositional properties of the osteochondral junction are the sources of this signal. In the study, we obtained eight samples from a tibial plateau dissected from a 68‐year‐old male donor, and one additional osteochondral sample of bovine origin. The samples were imaged using high‐resolution ultrashort echo time SWIFT MRI and microcomputed tomography (μCT) scans. Localization of the bright signal in the osteochondral junction was performed using coregistered data sets. Potential sources of the signal feature were examined by imaging the bovine specimen with variable receiver bandwidths and by performing variable flip angle T1 relaxation time mapping. The results of the study showed that the hyperintense signal was found to be located entirely in the deep noncalcified articular cartilage. The intensity of this signal at the interface varied between the specimens. Further tests with bovine specimens indicated that the imaging bandwidth and T1 relaxation affect the properties of the signal. Based on the present results, the calcified cartilage has low signal intensity even in SWIFT imaging. Concomitantly, it appears that the bright signal seen in ultrashort echo time imaging resides within the noncalcified cartilage. Furthermore, the most likely sources of this signal are the rapid T1 relaxation of the deep cartilage and the susceptibility‐induced effects arising from the calcified tissues.
Orientation anisotropy of quantitative MRI parameters in degenerated human articular cartilage
Authors: Hänninen Nina Elina , Nykänen Olli , Prakash Mithilesh , Hanni Matti , Nieminen Miika Tapio , Nissi Mikko Johannes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuantitative magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation parameters demonstrate varying sensitivity to the orientation of the ordered tissues in the magnetic field. In this study, the orientation dependence of multiple relaxation parameters was assessed in cadaveric human cartilage with varying degree of natural degeneration, and compared with biomechanical testing, histological scoring, and quantitative histology. Twelve patellar cartilage samples were imaged at 9.4 T MRI with multiple relaxation parameters, including T1, T2, CW − T1ρ, and adiabatic T1ρ, at three different orientations with respect to the main magnetic field. Anisotropy of the relaxation parameters was quantified, and the results were compared with the reference measurements and between samples of different histological Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) grades. T2 and CW − T1ρ at 400 Hz spin‐lock demonstrated the clearest anisotropy patterns. Radial zone anisotropy for T2 was significantly higher for samples with OARSI grade 2 than for grade 4. The proteoglycan content (measured as optical density) correlated with the radial zone MRI orientation anisotropy for T2 (r = 0.818) and CW − T1ρ with 400 Hz spin‐lock (r = 0.650). Orientation anisotropy of MRI parameters altered with progressing cartilage degeneration. This is associated with differences in the integrity of the collagen fiber network, but it also seems to be related to the proteoglycan content of the cartilage. Samples with advanced OA had great variation in all biomechanical and histological properties and exhibited more variation in MRI orientation anisotropy than the less degenerated samples. Understanding the background of relaxation anisotropy on a molecular level would help to develop new MRI contrasts and improve the application of previously established quantitative relaxation contrasts.
Tibial forces are more useful than varus‐valgus laxities for identifying and correcting overstuffing in kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Roth Joshua D. , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIdentifying and correcting varus‐valgus (V‐V) malalignment of the tibial component is important when balancing a kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Accordingly, the primary objective was to determine whether the tibial forces or V‐V laxities are more sensitive to, and thus more useful for identifying and correcting, V‐V malalignments of the tibial component that overstuff a compartment. Calipered kinematically aligned TKA was performed on nine human cadaveric knees. Medial and lateral tibial forces and V‐V laxities were measured from 0° to 120° flexion with an unmodified reference tibial component and modified tibial components that introduced ±1° and ±2° V‐V malalignments from the reference component to overstuff either the medial or lateral compartment. Changes in the tibial forces were most sensitive to V‐V malalignments at 0° flexion (medial = 118 ± 34 N/deg valgus malalignment and lateral = 79 ± 20 N/deg varus malalignment). The varus and valgus laxities were most sensitive to V‐V malalignments at 30° flexion (−0.6 ± 0.1 deg/deg varus malalignment) and 120° flexion (−0.4 ± 0.2 deg/deg valgus malalignment), respectively. The maximum average signal‐to‐noise ratios of the sensitivities in tibial forces and V‐V laxities (ie, signals) to reported measurement errors using current intraoperative technologies (14 N and 0.7°) (ie, noise) were 8.4 deg−1 and 0.9 deg−1, respectively. Because of the greater signal‐to‐noise ratios, measuring tibial forces is more useful than measuring V‐V laxities for identifying and correcting V‐V malalignments of the tibial component that overstuff a compartment. Clinical Significance: The sensitivities of tibial forces provide objective guidance to surgeons performing V‐V recuts of the tibia.
Evaluation of articular cartilage with quantitative MRI in an equine model of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis
Authors: Kajabi Abdul Wahed , Casula Victor , Sarin Jaakko K. , Ketola Juuso H. , Nykänen Olli , te Moller Nikae C. R. , Mancini Irina A. D. , Visser Jetze , Brommer Harold , René van Weeren P. , Malda Jos , Töyräs Juha , Nieminen Miika T. , Nissi Mikko J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChondral lesions lead to degenerative changes in the surrounding cartilage tissue, increasing the risk of developing post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) for evaluation of articular cartilage in PTOA. Articular explants containing surgically induced and repaired chondral lesions were obtained from the stifle joints of seven Shetland ponies (14 samples). Three age‐matched nonoperated ponies served as controls (six samples). The samples were imaged at 9.4 T. The measured qMRI parameters included T1, T2, continuous‐wave T1ρ (CWT1ρ), adiabatic T1ρ (AdT1ρ), and T2ρ (AdT2ρ) and relaxation along a fictitious field (TRAFF). For reference, cartilage equilibrium and dynamic moduli, proteoglycan content and collagen fiber orientation were determined. Mean values and profiles from full‐thickness cartilage regions of interest, at increasing distances from the lesions, were used to compare experimental against control and to correlate qMRI with the references. Significant alterations were detected by qMRI parameters, including prolonged T1, CWT1ρ, and AdT1ρ in the regions adjacent to the lesions. The changes were confirmed by the reference methods. CWT1ρ was more strongly associated with the reference measurements and prolonged in the affected regions at lower spin‐locking amplitudes. Moderate to strong correlations were found between all qMRI parameters and the reference parameters (ρ = −0.531 to −0.757). T1, low spin‐lock amplitude CWT1ρ, and AdT1ρ were most responsive to changes in visually intact cartilage adjacent to the lesions. In the context of PTOA, these findings highlight the potential of T1, CWT1ρ, and AdT1ρ in evaluation of compositional and structural changes in cartilage.
The Modification of Chrome Tanned Leather by Polyethylene Glycol‐Linked Gemini Fatty Alcohol Phosphate
Authors: Qiang Xihuai , Jian Ting , Xu Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA series of polyethylene glycol‐linked Gemini fatty alcohol phosphate surfactants (GFAP) were prepared with long chain n‐alkanol (C = 8, 12, 16, 18), polyethylene glycol (PEG‐200, PEG‐400, PEG‐600, PEG‐800, PEG‐1000) and phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3). The structure of the prepared surfactants was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR). The surfactants were employed for the modification of chrome‐tanned leather. The morphological changes of chrome‐tanned leather and modified chrome‐tanned leather were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relationship between the alkyl chain length and molecular weight of the PEG and the hydrophobicity, softness, mechanical strength of modified chrome‐tanned leather was also discussed. The experimental results showed that the mechanical strength and softness of modified chrome‐tanned leather were enhanced with an increase of alkyl chain length, while the hydrophobicity, mechanical strength and softness were decreased with an increase of molecular weight of the PEG. The hydrophobicity, mechanical strength and softness of modified chrome‐tanned leather were optimized for an alkyl chain length of 16. Therefore, 16–200 Gemini phosphate surfactants with an alkyl chain length of 16 and a PEG molecular weight of 200 have a good comprehensive modification effect on Chrome‐tanned leather, the tensile strength, tear strength and softness of modified chrome‐tanned leather are 57.07 N mm−2, 79.49 N mm−1, 9.73 mm, respectively.
Stereoisomer separation of flavanones and flavanone‐7‐O‐glycosides by means of nanoliquid chromatography employing derivatized β‐cyclodextrins as mobile‐phase additive
Authors: Zátopková Renata , Aturki Zeineb , Bednář Petr 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA nanoliquid chromatographic method for the stereoisomer separation of some flavanone aglycones and 7‐O‐glycosides has been proposed employing a C18 capillary column and a chiral mobile‐phase additive such as cyclodextrin. The chiral separation of eriodictyol, naringenin, and hesperitin was obtained by addition of carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin to the mobile phase, whereas eriocitrin, naringin, narirutin, and hesperidin diastereoisomers were resolved by using sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin. The influence of the composition of the mobile phase, the length of the capillary column, and the flow rate on the chiral recognition were investigated. At optimum conditions, baseline separation for the selected aglycones and glycosylated forms were achieved with a mobile phase consisting of 50 mM sodium acetate buffer pH 3 and 30% methanol containing 20 mM of carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin and 10 mM of sulfobutyl ether‐β‐cyclodextrin, respectively. Precision, linearity, and sensitivity of the method were tested. Limits of detection and quantification for the studied flavanone glycosides were in the range 1.3‐2.5 and 7.5‐12.5 µg/mL, respectively. The method was used for the determination of the diastereomeric composition of the flavanone‐7‐O‐glycosides in Citrus juices after solid‐phase extraction procedure.