bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boiler Stack Economizer Tube Failure
Authors: Haase Ryan J. , Hanke Larry D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA type 304 stainless steel tube that failed in a boiler stack economizer was analyzed to determine the cause. The investigation consisted of visual, SEM/EDS, and metallographic analysis. Several degradation mechanisms appeared to be at work, including pitting corrosion, chloride stress corrosion cracking, and fatigue fracture. Investigators concluded that the primary failure mechanism was fatigue fracture, although either of the other mechanisms may have eventually caused the tube to fail in the absence of fatigue.
Corrosion Fatigue of a Pump Bearing Journal after Exposure to Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Kumar A. N. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A heat transport pump in a heavy water reactor failed (exhibiting excessive vibration) during a restart following a brief interruption in coolant flow due to a faulty valve. The pump had developed a large crack across the entire length of a bearing journal. An investigation to establish the root cause of the failure included chemical and metallurgical analysis, scanning electron fractography, mechanical property testing, finite element analysis of the shrink fitted journal, and a design review of the assembly fits. The journal failure was attributed to corrosion fatigue. Corrective actions to make the journals less susceptible to future failures were implemented and the process by which they were developed is described.
Degradation of Thermal Barrier Coated Superalloy Component During Service
Authors: Lee Han-sang , Yoo Keun-bong , Kim Eui-Hyun , Kim Sung Chul , Ryou Sangsoo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An investigation was conducted to better understand the time-dependent degradation of thermal barrier coated superalloy components in gas turbines. First-stage vanes are normally subjected to the highest gas velocities and temperatures during operation, and were thus the focus of the study. The samples that were analyzed had been operating at 1350 °C in a gas turbine at a combined-cycle generating plant. They were regenerated once, then used for different lengths of time. The investigation included chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, SEM/energy dispersive spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. It was shown that degradation is driven by chemical and mechanical differences, oxide growth, depletion, and recrystallization, the combined effect of which results in exfoliation, spallation, and mechanical thinning.
Failure Analysis of Power Plant Boiler Material
Authors: Ai J.H. , Lin H.Y. , Qi Y.X. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The failure of a boiler operating at 540 °C and 9.4 MPa was investigated by examining material samples from the near-failure region and by thermodynamic analysis. A scanning Auger microprobe, SEM, and commercial thermodynamic software codes were used in the investigation. Results indicated that the boiler failure was caused by grain-boundary segregation of phosphorous, tin, and nitrogen and the in-service formation of carbide films and granules on the grain boundaries.
Failure Analysis of Cracks Formed at Extrados of Bend Pipe of API 5L X65M Grade
Authors: Shant J. Raghu , Pandey Bijay K. , Goyal Rajesh K. , Kathayat T.S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An investigation was conducted to determine why 16 out of 139 pipe bends cracked during hot induction bending. The pipe conformed to API 5L X65 PSL2 line pipe standards and measured 1016 mm (40 in.) in diam with a wall thickness of 18.5 mm. A metallurgical cross section was removed along a crack on the extrados to document the crack morphology using optical microscopy. In addition to cracking, golden-yellow streaks were visible at the extrados, and the composition was examined using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Based on the results, investigators concluded the pipe was contaminated with copper at the mill were it was produced.
The Role of Impact Energy in Failure of Explosive Cladding of Inconel 625 and Steel
Authors: Rajani H R. Zareie , McVeigh C. , Rosenbloom S.N. , Guyer E.P. , Lieberman S.I. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Explosive cladding is a viable method for cladding different materials together, but the complicated behavior of materials under ballistic impacts raises the probability of interfacial shear failure. To better understand the relationship between impact energy and interfacial shear, investigators conducted an extensive study on the shear strength of explosively cladded Inconel 625 and plain carbon steel samples. They found that by increasing impact energy, the adhesion strength of the resulting cladding can be improved. Beyond a certain point, however, additional impact energy reduces shear strength significantly, causing the cladding process to fail. The findings reveal the decisive role of plastic strain localization and the associated development of microcracks in cladding failures. An attempt is thus made to determine the optimum cladding parameters for the materials of interest.
Ultrasonic Cleaning-Induced Failures in Medical Devices
Authors: James B.A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ultrasonic cleaning is widely used in the production of medical devices such as guide wires and vascular implants. There are many cases, however, where cleaning frequencies have been close to the natural frequency of the device, producing resonant vibrations large enough to cause damage or premature failure. Several cases of ultrasonic cleaning-induced fatigue and corresponding failures of medical devices are examined in this review. Preventative measures to ensure that ultrasonic cleaning frequencies do not pose a threat are also provided.
Fracture of a Paper Manufacturing Machine Felt Guide Roll
Authors: Jur Tim A. , Harris R. Dean 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A felt guide roll fractured in-service on a paper manufacturing machine, damaging the belt as well as multiple dryer rolls, nearby felt guide rolls, and the frame of the machine. The investigation included visual and stereoscopic examination, chemical and microstructural analysis, microhardness and tensile testing, stress calculations, and vibration measurements. Based on the results, the roll fracture was attributed to high-cycle fatigue associated with a plug weld over one of the five threaded fasteners added to secure a balance weight inside the roll. The balance weight was installed to compensate for variations in wall thickness (i.e., weight distribution) of the pipe product used to make the roll. According to the investigation, resonance and vibration, which were initially considered, did not cause the failure.
A Tin Pest Failure
Authors: Burns Neil Douglas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The operator of an electric transit system purchased a large number of tin-plated copper connectors, putting some in service and others in reserve. Later, when some of the reserve connectors were inspected, the metal surfaces were covered with spots consisting of an ash-like powder and the plating material had separated from the substrate in many areas. Several connectors, including some that had been in service, were examined to determine what caused the change. The order stated that the connectors were to be coated with a layer of tin-bismuth (2% Bi) to guard against tin pest, a type of degradation that occurs at low temperatures. Based on the results of the investigation, which included SEM/EDS analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction, the metal surfaces contained less than 0.1% Bi and thus were not adequately protected against tin pest, which was confirmed as the failure mechanism in the investigation.
Fractographic and Metallographic Study of Spalling Failure of Steel Straightener Rolls
Authors: Pantazopoulos G. , Vazdirvanidis A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Spalled fragments from the work rolls of a steel bar straightening machine were received for failure analysis. Visual inspection coupled with optical and scanning electron microscopy were used as the principal analytical techniques for the investigation. Fractographic analysis revealed the presence of a characteristic fatigue crack propagation pattern (beach marks) and radial chevron marks indicating the occurrence of final overload through a brittle intergranular fracture. The collected evidence suggests that surface-initiated cracks propagated by fatigue led to spalling, resulting in severe work roll damage as well as machine downtime and increased maintenance costs.
The Occurrence of Genetic Recombination between Viruses and Human, it's Possible Influence on Vaccination
Authors: Kharchenko E. P. 
Published: January 2020

Relevance. The genetic recombination between viruses and men is known long ago. It can be divided on relict and ontogenic ones. For the host the recombination may display different consequences the nature of which is not exposed explicitly.Aim is to analyze (on the base of computer comparison of the primary structure of viral and human proteins ) the occurrence of twodirectional recombination by small genome fragments between viruses and men and describe its possible after-effects.Materials and methods. For this computer study human and virus protein sequences were used from data bases available in INTERNET.Results. It was indicated that recombination (cryptical and explicit) by small genome fragments between viruses and men occurred many times in the past and many viruses pathogenic for men were involved in it.Conclusion. The bioinformatics approach allows to look at the past of viruses and men and find the traces of genetic information changes between them that may predetermine the effects of vaccines and diagnostic immune tests.
Microbiological and Molecular Genetic Aspects of Antibiotic Resistance of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>
Authors: Skurikhina Yu. E. , Turkutyukov V. B. 
Published: January 2020

Relevance.The increase in the frequency of infections caused byPseudomonas aeruginosaandAcinetobacter baumannii, which have a high level of resistance to many groups of antibiotics, requires a comprehensive study, including modern research methods.Aims.The study of regional features of the dynamics of the formation and circulation of antibiotic-resistant strains A. baumannii andP. aeruginosa.Materials and methods.During 2009-2018 we analyzed the data of microbiological laboratories of multidisciplinary hospitals and carried out a molecular genetic study of the determinants of antibiotic resistance by PCR ofA. baumanniiandP. aeruginosastrains isolated from clinical material in order to determine the level of variability of resistance.Results.The study revealed a tendency to increase in the proportion of strainsA. baumanniiandP. aeruginosain the etiological structure of healh-care associated infections and purulent-septic infections; high incidence of strains resistant to cephalosporins, carbapenems, beta-lactams and multi-resistant strains. The appearance and distribution of the determinants of antibiotic resistance NDM-1 and MCR-1 in these bacteria were also detected.Conclusions.Over the past decade, a steady increase in the proportion ofA. baumanniiandP.Aeruginosaresistant to many antibiotics in patients in intensive care unit and surgery departments in hospitals of Vladivostok (Primorsky reg., Russia), and the emergence of new antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in these microorganisms.
Epidemiological Risks: Importance when Zoning Administrative Territories and Activating the Epidemic Process during Infectious Diseases
Authors: Yanovich E. G. , Moskvitina E. A. 
Published: January 2020

Along with the theoretical concepts and definitions of risk adopted in the epidemiological analysis of infectious diseases, the identification of «risk areas» is of great importance.The aimis to show the role of risk factors when determining the «risk areas» and in the genesis of complications of the epidemiological situation. Taking into account the multifactorial nature of the epidemic process under infectious diseases, we describe the risks used in zoning of natural focal particularly dangerous (plague, tularemia, anthrax, Ebola virus disease, Yellow fever); arbovirus (Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, West Nile Fever and anthroponotic (cholera and other acute enteric infection (AEI) of norovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus etiology) infections. The importance of risk factors and conditions for their implementation in AEI with water pathogen distribution (unsatisfactory state of water supply and water use, population migration, etc.) and emergencies, in which certain risk factors can contribute to the complication of the epidemic situation, is shown.Conclusion.The use of risk factors in zoning of administrative territories is aimed at improving epidemiological surveillance. It is possible that potential risk factors can transfer to real, what results in activation of the epidemic process.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EM UMA ESCOLA DO ENTORNO DA RPPN FAZENDA ALMAS: VIVÊNCIAS INTEGRADORAS COM DISCENTES NO CARIRI PARAIBANO
Authors: Maria da Silva Soares Karoline , Gomes Machado Myller , José Pegado Abílio Francisco 
Published: January 2020

A caatinga ocupa cerca de 10% de todo território brasileiro e é um dos biomas que mais sofre com a ação antrópica. Diante desse cenário surge a importância de trabalhar com a Educação Ambiental (EA) nessa região não apenas para alertar sobre os impactos ambientais que ocorrem na ocorridos, mas também sensibilizar os cidadãos sobre sua convivência com o meio ambiente. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi de desvelar para os discentes das escolas do entorno da RPPN Fazenda Almas a efetivação de uma educação ambiental contextualizada para o bioma Caatinga. A metodologia tratou-se de uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando procedimentos técnicos da pesquisa do participante e elementos da teoria do biorregionalismo. O trabalho ocorreu com alunos da EEEFM Bartolomeu Maracajá, no município de São José dos Cordeiros-PB. Para análise da percepção dos discentes foram utilizados questionários estruturados pré e pós-teste onde os alunos foram submetidos a questões ambientais. Quando questionados sobre “o que vem a ser meio ambiente” houve categorias que mais se sobressaíram, no pré-teste 42% dos alunos possuíam uma visão “generalista”, já no pós-teste essa porcentagem caiu para 14% seguido de “como recurso” expressando-se 25% no pré-teste e 18% no pós-teste. Quando questionados sobre “o que vem a ser natureza” 35% dos alunos possuem uma visão “generalista”, aparecendo apenas no pré-teste, já no pós-teste a nova categoria que surgiu e que mais sobressaiu foi “como ecossistema”. Quando questionados sobre “o que vem a ser EA” 40% dos discentes responderam no pré-teste que é uma “disciplina curricular”, já no pós-teste expressou-se uma nova categoria com 40% da educação ambiental como sendo “crítica”. Quando questionados sobre “quais os impactos ambiental ocorridos na região” 60% dos discentes no pré-teste associaram as “queimadas” e no pós-teste 45% associaram aos agrotóxicos, sendo um tema bastante trabalhado nas vivências. Quando questionados sobre a RPPN Fazenda Almas 30% dos discentes já visitaram o local, 60% dos discentes nunca visitaram e 20% nunca ouviram falar. As ações realizadas na escola foi bastante importante para que os discentes pudessem conhecer algumas questões ambientais, bem como conhecer o patrimônio da RPPN Fazenda Almas.
Traumatic vertebral artery injuries in the geriatric population: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Page Paul S. , Josiah Darnell T. 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVETraumatic vertebral artery injuries (TVAIs) are a common finding in cervical spine trauma and can predispose patients to posterior circulation infarction. While extensive research has been conducted regarding the management and criteria for imaging in patients with suspected blunt vascular injury, little research has been conducted highlighting these injuries in the geriatric population.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective review of all patients evaluated at a level 1 trauma center and found to have TVAIs between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2018. Biometric, clinical, and imaging data were obtained from a trauma registry database. Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of age, a geriatric group (age ≥ 65 years) and an adult group (age 18 to < 65 years). Variables evaluated included type of trauma, mortality, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and ICU length of stay. The Student t-test was used for continuous variables, and Pearson’s chi-square test was used for categorical variables.RESULTSOf the 2698 of patients identified with traumatic cervical spine injuries, 103 patients demonstrated evidence of TVAI. Of these patients, 69 were < 65 and 34 were ≥ 65 years old at the time of their trauma. There was no difference in the incidence of TVAIs between the 2 groups. The ICU length of stay (4.71 vs 4.32 days, p > 0.05), hospital length of stay (10.71 vs 10.72 days, p > 0.05), and the ISS (21.50 vs 21.32, p > 0.05) did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Mortality was significantly higher in the geriatric group, occurring in 9 of 34 patients (26.5%) compared with only 3 of 69 patients (4.4%) in the adult group (p < 0.001). Ground-level falls were the most common inciting event in the geriatric group (44% vs 14.5%, p < 0.001), whereas motor vehicle accidents were the most common etiology in the younger population (72.5% vs 38.2%, p < 0.001). Incidence of ischemic stroke did not vary significantly between the 2 groups (p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSTVAI in the older adult population is associated with a significantly greater risk of mortality than in the younger adult population, despite the 2 groups having similar ISSs. Additionally, low-velocity mechanisms of injury, such as ground-level falls, are a greater risk factor for acquired TVAI in older adults than in younger adults, in whom it is a significantly less common etiology.
HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK KASAR ANAK UMUR 1-3 TAHUN DI POSYANDU BUNGA CENGKEH DESA PUNCAK HARAPAN KECAMATAN MAIWA
Authors: Ratna Suhartini  , Haniarti2  , Makhrajani Majid  
Published: January 2020

Masalah kurang gizi selain disebabkan oleh berkurangnya jumlah konsumsi karena melemahnya daya beli masyarakat dan mutu gizi yang rendah juga disebabkan oleh masih banyaknya warga masyarakat yang kurang memiliki pengetahuan tentang pentinganya pemenuhan gizi sejak masa balita. Hal ini akan berdampak pada perkembangan balita yang kurang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan perkembangan motorik kasar anak umur 1-3 tahun di posyandu Bunga Cengkeh desa Puncak Harapan. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak umur 1-3 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling, sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 33 orang. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji chi square. H0 ditolak jika nilai p>0,05. Hasil penelitian diperoleh ada hubungan status gizi dengan perkembangan motorik kasar anak umur 1-3 tahun di posyandu Bunga Cengkeh desa Puncak Harapan (p =0,04). Disarankan agar orang tua dapat tetap memperhatikan asupan nutrisi untuk memperbaiki status gizi batita sehingga perkembangan motoriknya akan sesuai dengan umur meskipun sudah beranjak ke tingkatan umur berikutnya karena salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan motorik kasar adalah status gizi anak. Pihak kader posyandu disarankan memberikan pemahaman mengenai pentingnya status gizi batita dan mendampingi orang tua batita saat dilakukan penyuluhan oleh pihak puskesmas setempat.
HUBUNGAN STUNTING DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI KIRU-KIRU KECAMATAN SOPPENG RIAJA KABUPATEN BARRU
Authors: Nadirawati  , Haniarti  , Usman  
Published: January 2020

Stunting merupakan hasil dari kekurangan asupan nutrisi dan penyakit infeksi secara terus menerus, yang mana jika stunting dibiarkan akan mempengaruhi perkembangan kognitif, penurunan IQ, apatis, tidak percaya diri,sulit berkonsentrasi dan rendahnya prestasi akademik. Hasil pemantauan status gizi (PSG) 2015 prevalensi stunting di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Kabupaten Barru terdapat 99 kasus (33%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan stunting dengan prestasi belajar anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kiru-Kiru Kec.Soppeng Riaja Kab.Barru.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa SDN Kiru-Kiru sebanyak 73 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusif dengan teknik total sampling, pengumpulan data melalui wawancara yang mengacu pada kuesioner dan observasi secara langsung. Analisis data dengan uji chi squareyang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan narasi.Hasil penelitian diperoleh ada hubungan stunting dengan prestasi belajar anak Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kiru-Kiru Kecamatan Soppeng Riaja Kabupaten Barru dengan (p = 0,013). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, peneliti mengharapkan adanya kerjasama yang baik antara orang tua dan anak untuk menjaga asupan gizi agar terhindar dari Stunting.
HUBUNGAN FOOD CHOICE TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL PADA REMAJA DI KOTA PAREPARE
Authors: Yayu Adenengsi  , Haniarti  , Ayu Dwi Putri Rusman  
Published: January 2020

Kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan sehat telah berubah akibat perkembangan ekonomi yang begitu pesat. Hal ini ditandai dengan akses yang semakin mudah terhadap makanan yang tidak sehat dan juga harga yang lebih murah dibandingkan dengan makanan sehat. Tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan food choice terhadap kesehatan menal pada remaja di Kota Parepare.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Desain yang digunakan adalah cross sectionalstudy. Populasi yaitu semua pengunjung remaja di lapangan Andi Makkasau Kota Parepare, pengambilan sampel dengan metode teknik non probability sampling sebanyak 99 orang diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin. Analisis data dengan menggunakan chi square diterima jika nilai p < 0,05 dan ditolak jika nilai p> 0,05.Hasil penelitian diperoleh tidak ada hubungan food choice terhadap kesehatan mental pada remaja dengan nilai (p = 0,676). Diharapkan kepada remaja untuk memperhatikan cara pemilihan makanan dan menjaga pola makan agar kesehatan remaja dapat terjaga khususnya pada kesehatan mental
FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN PENYAKIT KULIT PADA NELAYA DI DESA TETEAJI KECAMATAN TELLU LIMPOE KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG
Authors: Hajratul Aswad  , Muhammad Siri Dangnga  , Henni Kumaladewi Hengky  
Published: January 2020

Penyakit kulit merupakan suatu penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia dan satu diantaranya yang terjadi pada nelayan dimana rentan untuk terkena penyakit kulit.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko lingkungan penyakitkulit yang terjadi pada nelayan di DesaTeteaji Kecamatan TelluLimpoe Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Penelitian ini merupakan observasi analitik dengan rancangan penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Teteaji Kecamatan Tellu Limpoe Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang.Sampel penelitian ini adalah Nelayan yang berumur 20-65 tahun dengan jumlah 51 orang. Data primer didapat dengan cara melakukan wawancara langsung mengenai gangguan penyakit kulit dan dengan melakukan observasi terhadap factor risiko lingkungan nelayan. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan tempat pembuangan sampah bukan merupakan factor risiko kejadian penyakit kulit pada nelayan(p=0,507), kepadatan hunian merupakan factor risiko kejadian penyakit kulit (p= 0,048), tempat pembuangan kotoran merupakan factor risiko penyakit kulir pada nelayan (p=0,006), pH air bukan merupakan factor risiko lingkungan kejadian penyakit kulit pada nelayan (p=0,725). Disarankan kepada para nelayan agar lebih memperhatikan keadaan lingkungan khususnya sanitasi lingkungan agar terhindar dari penyakit menular terutama penyakitkulit. Kemudian kepada tenaga kesehatan agar ikut terlibat dalam penyehatan lingkungan guna meningkatkan motivasi masyarakat untuk menjaga, meningkatkan dan memelihara kesehatan lingkungannya.