bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SHARĪʿA AS STATE LAW: AN ANALYSIS OF ʿALLĀL AL-FĀSĪ’S CONCEPT OF THE OBJECTIVES OF ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Tajdin Mustapha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article presents and evaluates the legal thought of Muhammad ʿAllāl al-Fāsī (1910–1974) with a focus on his discourse on the objectives of Sharīʿa and the motives behind his reformulation of these objectives within the broader context of his political agenda. Al-Fāsī's concerns were not purely academic. As a political leader who struggled for the independence of his country and as a decision maker within the newly established Moroccan state, his theorization of Islamic law departed from traditional and modern efforts to negotiate the supposed status of Sharīʿa within the institutional structures of postcolonial Muslim states. The questions engaged in this article are to what extent did al-Fāsī's contribution to Maqāṣid go beyond its classical reformulations as represented by the Andalusian Māliki jurist Ibrāhīm Ibn Mūsā Abū Isḥāq al-Shāṭibī (d. AH 790/1388 CE) in his seminal work, Al-Muwāfaqāt fī Uṣūl al-Sharīʿa, and whether al-Fāsī's work represents a turn in the field of Maqāṣid when compared with that of other modern Muslim jurists, among them Muhammad al-Ṭāhir Ibn ʿĀshūr (1886–1970). This article focuses on al-Fāsī's book on Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa, Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa al-Islāmiyya wa Makārimuhā, and its contribution to the ongoing efforts to accommodate Islamic law within the corpus of modern secular laws.
Effects of substitution dietary guidelines targeted at prevention of IHD on dietary intake and risk factors in middle-aged Danish adults: the Diet and Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease: a Translational Approach (DIPI) randomised controlled trial
Authors: Gotfredsen Johanne Louise , Hoppe Camilla , Andersen Rikke , Andersen Elisabeth Wreford , Landberg Rikard , Overvad Kim , Tetens Inge 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective was to investigate the effects of substitution (SUB) dietary guidelines (DG) targeted at the prevention of IHD on dietary intake and IHD risk factors in Danish adults with minimum one self-assessed IHD risk factor. A 6-month single-blinded parallel randomised controlled trial with a follow-up at month 12 included 219 subjects (median age 51 years, 59 % female, 73 % overweight or obese) randomised into an SUB DG, an official (OFF) DG or a control group following their habitual diet (HAB). Participants in the DG intervention groups received bi-weekly reminders of their DG and recipes for dishes and the HAB group received a greeting. Dietary intake and fasting blood, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were obtained at baseline, month 6 and month 12. Linear regression analyses were applied. At month 6, when compared with the HAB, the SUB had a greater impact on the extent of dietary changes with increased intake of whole grains, dietary fibre and low fibre vegetables compared with the OFF DG, and both DG groups had similar decreased percentage of energy (E%) intake from SFA. The extent of dietary changes was similar at month 12. No overall significant changes from baseline were found in blood pressure, anthropometrics and IHD risk markers. In conclusion, both SUB and OFF DG resulted in cardioprotective dietary changes. However, neither the SUB nor the OFF DG resulted in any overall effects on the selected intermediate risk factors for IHD.
Effects of maternal and post-weaned rumen-protected folic acid supplementation on slaughter performance and meat quality in offspring lambs
Authors: Li H.Q. , Wang B. , Li Z. , Luo H.L. , Zhang C. , Jian L.Y. , Gao Y.F. , Lu W. , Zhao X.G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) on slaughter performance, visceral organ and gastrointestinal tract coefficients, and meat quality in lambs. Sixty-six lambs from 120Huewes were selected based on body weight and maternal diets and then assigned to six groups using a randomised block experimental design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was folic acid (FA) as RPFA in the maternal diet (0 mg/kg (M0F), 16 mg/kg (M16F) or 32 mg/kg (M32F) on DM basis). The second factor was FA in the lambs’ diet from weaning until slaughter (0 mg/kg (OC) or 4·0 mg/kg (OF)). The results indicated that the addition of 16 mg/kg FA to the maternal diet increased pre-slaughter weight (PSW), dressing and meat percentage, the reticulum and omasum coefficients, length of the jejunum and ileum, tail fat and perirenal fat coefficient anda* value of the meat colour. The addition of RPFA to the lambs’ diet increased PSW, dressing and meat percentage, eye muscle area, abomasum weight, weight and length of the small intestine, but reduced the coefficients of tail fat. An M × O interaction was observed for the weights of heart, lungs, rumen and total stomach, weight and coefficient of omental fat and the girth rib value. Collectively, RPFA in the maternal and lambs’ diet improved slaughter performance and meat quality by stimulating the morphological development of the gastrointestinal tract and the distribution of fat in the body.
OP141 Health Technology Assessment In India: Current Scenario And Way Forward
Authors: Shah Komal , Saha Somen , Kotwani Priya , Singh Malkeet , Tyagi Kirti 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionIndia has introduced health technology assessment (HTA) as a tool for improving the allocation of health resources. The core mandate of HTA in India (HTAIn) is to undertake critical appraisal of available technologies, identify cost-effective interventions, and help the government pursue evidence-informed decisions regarding public health expenditures. We conducted a systematic review to assess economic evaluation studies published in the last four years from India.MethodsEconomic evaluations published from September 2015 to September 2019 were identified by searching various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and CINAHL according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Cost-effectiveness studies and HTAs reported or conducted in India were included. Two independent reviewers performed the final selection of studies by assessing the full-text articles and conducted the data extraction. Differences of opinions were resolved through discussion and mutual consensus.ResultsAfter screening 2,837 articles, seventy met the inclusion criteria and were selected. The articles predominantly used secondary data (70%) to evaluate the cost effectiveness of an innovation. Among the technologies assessed, fifty-seven percent were curative in nature and most commonly addressed infectious diseases (27%), closely followed by non-communicable diseases, and maternal and child health. Principally, the cost effectiveness of a technology was expressed in terms of disability-adjusted or quality-adjusted life-years. Only two studies reported negative findings.ConclusionsHTA can play a pivotal role in equipping policy makers and public health payers to make appropriate decisions for healthcare budget allocations when mapped with the true disease burden of the population. It is important to highlight negative results and to create a national repository of HTA studies to facilitate faster adoption of best practices in India.
OP145 Review Of eHealth Interventions For Improving Primary Healthcare In Low-Middle Income Countries
Authors: Pandya Apurvakumar , Raval Devang , Kotwani Priya , Saha Somen 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionWeb-based and mobile health interventions, also called eHealth, have significant potential to deliver cost effective, quality health care. The present review maps common eHealth technology solutions for primary healthcare by evaluating their safety, efficacy, and effectiveness, and the challenges associated with their implementation in low-middle income countries (LMIC) in the last ten years.MethodsA search of various electronic database was conducted, including PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO, to identify articles published between 2009 and 2019 that focused on the implementation of eHealth in the primary healthcare setting across LMICs. A total of 450 articles were screened and thirty-nine relevant articles were selected for review.ResultsThe thirty-nine included studies were classified into the following four categories: (i) assessment of intervention effects (n = 26); (ii) cost-benefit analysis (n = 4); (iii) systematic review (n = 5); and (iv) conceptual exploration of eHealth interventions (n = 4). The eHealth studies covered three domains: (i) non-communicable diseases; (ii) reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health; and (iii) other health issues. The included eHealth technologies comprised mobile health (n = 27), telemedicine (n = 10), and information and communication technology (n = 2).ConclusionsThe majority of studies assessed eHealth technologies based on the following eight dimensions: safety, clinical effectiveness, technical aspects, acceptability, cost, ethical aspects, adaptability to local needs, and scalability. However, evidence on safety, cost effectiveness, and scalability were limited. The main implementation challenges identified were technology development and maintenance costs, the need for trained human resources, and acceptability among users. The methodologies and assessment frameworks of the studies were heterogeneous in nature, highlighting the need for a robust, standardized, and comprehensive framework for assessing eHealth technologies.
OP184 Strengthening Patient Outcome Evidence In Health Technology Assessments: A Co-Production Approach
Authors: Rasburn Mark , Livingstone Heidi , Leng Gillian 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionInvolving patients is a core principle which governs the work of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). To improve how patient evidence is identified and considered in health technology assessments (HTAs), NICE worked with patient organizations to review existing HTA methods and co-designed proposals for change.MethodsA working group, including six patient organizations, oversaw the project, identifying and co-designing options for improvement. We held a stakeholder event with twenty-two patient organizations to identify themes for improving how we find and use patient evidence. We then ran an online quantitative and qualitative survey for targeted consultation with patient organizations to capture broader views.ResultsThe fifty-two people who responded to the consultation made the following suggestions:
(i)Provide information about uncertainties that patient evidence might help to address;(ii)Explore the role of real-world evidence in patient involvement;(iii)Provide training and support to patient organizations;(iv)Create inclusive committee cultures; and(v)Include additional touchpoints during HTAs to incorporate patient evidence.ConclusionsThis work identified improvements in seeking and incorporating patient evidence into HTA processes. Precise guidance for patient organizations will help them to submit evidence that will make the most impact. This is particularly important when assessing disruptive technologies where there are likely to be greater uncertainties and cost pressures. The results of this work will be developed into formal options for NICE to consider when updating its methods guides.
OP230 How Legitimate Is The Process Of Updating the Benefits Package In Israel? A 20 Year Overview
Authors: Greenberg Dan , Assor Yael 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe National Health Insurance Law enacted in 1995 stipulates a minimum list of health services (benefits package) that the four health plans in Israel have to provide to their members. The recommendations on which new technologies or new indications for existing ones should be added every year to the benefits package, subject to a predetermined budget, are made by a public committee that evaluates and prioritizes candidate technologies according to their clinical merit, economic (mainly budget impact), social, ethical and other aspects. We assessed the legitimacy of this coverage decision process over the past 20 years.MethodsThe legitimacy of the process was assessed by adherence to the conditions outlined in the accountability for reasonableness (A4R) framework. A4R defines four conditions for legitimate and fair healthcare coverage decision processes: relevance, publicity, appeals/reversibility, and enforcement. We reviewed the changes made in the coverage decision process over the past 20 years and examined whether these changes have changed its legitimacy.ResultsOur analysis suggests that despite several changes made over the years in the process for updating the benefits package, for example, increase in transparency, introducing a structured appeal process, it only partially fulfills the four A4R conditions. In order to accomplish these goals more fully, several widely used considerations such as cost-effectiveness analysis and incorporating views from patients should be included. Additionally, this decision-making process should become even more transparent than it currently is.ConclusionsThe annual process of updating the benefits package in Israel where hundreds of technologies are “competing” with each other for coverage under a pre-defined budget is unique and not without merit. This process has been operating in the same pattern with only minor changes made since 1999. The main barriers for fulfilling all A4R conditions may relate in part to the large number of technologies assessed each year within a short time frame. Several changes in the process including the assessment of societal values, involvement of diverse stakeholders including patient advocate groups should be made to improve its legitimacy.
OP340 Adverse Clinical Events And Associated Risk Factors In Patients With Very-High-Risk Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Zhao Boya , He Xiaoning , Zhao Jia , Wu Jing 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionClinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients are judged to be very-high-risk if they had a history of multiple major ASCVD events, or one major ASCVD event with multiple high-risk conditions. Very-high-risk ASCVD patients are under high risk of adverse clinical events and need more attention in the management of secondary prevention. This real-world study aimed at estimating the prevalence of very-high-risk ASCVD and investigating the occurrence of adverse clinical events and associated risk factors among patients with very-high-risk ASCVD in China.MethodsData were obtained from the Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance database in Tianjin, China. Very-high-risk ASCVD patients were identified from 2014 to 2015 through the history of ASCVD events and evidence of high-risk conditions, and followed for 24 months. Adverse clinical events were measured by major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite endpoint of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and death. A Cox regression model was used to identify risk factors of MACE, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe percentage of clinical ASCVD patients identified as very-high-risk was 35.2 (N = 41,181), while 34,740 patients with continuous enrollment were included (mean age: 67.1 years; 42.5% female). The percentage of patients who had MACE in the 24-month follow-up period was 27.7, with stroke (22.3%) as the most prevalent event followed by death (6.9%) and MI (1.3%). Male gender, older age, and having MI or ischemic stroke (versus unstable angina) as the index major ASCVD event were risk predictors of MACE.ConclusionsMore than one-third of patients with clinical ASCVD are under very-high-risk in China, and among them 27.7 percent experience MACE during a 24-month follow-up period. Male patients, older patients, and patients who had MI or ischemic stroke are under higher risk of experiencing MACE. Future studies are warranted for comparing the differences in characteristics, pattern of drug use, occurrence of adverse clinical events and medical burden between very-high-risk ASCVD patients and ASCVD patients not at very-high-risk.
OP484 Analysis Of Horizon Scanning Outputs For The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Health Technology Assessment Process
Authors: Khan Sarah Khalid , Moral Sonia Garcia Gonzalez , Ogunbayo Dapo , Craig Dawn 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Innovation Observatory (NIHRIO) is the national Horizon Scanning (HS) organization in England, and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is its key health technology assessment (HTA) stakeholder. NIHRIO has a remit to notify NICE of innovative technologies with a time horizon of three years prior to regulatory approval in the European Union (EU)/United Kingdom (UK). The notification process produces an initial ‘filtration form’ followed by a ‘technology briefing’ produced 17–20 months prior to licence for those technologies that NICE will consider for appraisal. Since April 2017, NIHRIO has produced ~400 technology briefings. We present an analysis of how this has fed into the NICE HTA process so far.MethodsThe analysis mapped NIHRIO's technology briefings (April 2017 – June 2020) with relevant NICE technology appraisal/highly specialized technologies (TA/HST) guidance during the time period. The analysis followed the timeline of technologies from identification during the horizon scanning process to filtration to briefing submission to NICE and entering the TA/HST process to outcome/recommendation given by NICE.ResultsUntil June 2020, 496 technology briefings entered the NICE TA/HST scoping process. Forty per cent are in progress, four per cent have had a TA/HST recommendation and three per cent that entered the NICE TA/HST scoping process did not complete it. On average it took less time from briefing submission to NICE recommendation for cancer indications. The time from discovery to NICE recommendation ranged from 115 months to 22 months.ConclusionsHS for TA/HST is a lengthy process from identification to final recommendation and there is considerable variation in time duration from identification to briefing submission to NICE recommendation. Average time taken from briefing submission to NICE recommendation is shorter for cancer indications and repurposed medicines. A full TA/HST may not be recommended for all technology briefings, rather they may update existing guidance or find different routes of evaluation. Technologies that enter the TA/HST scoping process might be terminated, suspended or discontinued for several reasons which may include lack of company engagement, change in development or regulatory plans by the company. Timely notification is key in achieving TA/HST recommendation at the time of market authorization but not the only influencing factor.
OP523 Towards A Health Technology Assessment Framework For Omics-Technologies: Preliminary Results Of The ExACT project.
Authors: Govaerts Laurenz , Hoxhaj Ilda , Simoens Steven , Dyck Walter Van , Huys Isabelle , Boccia Stefania , Gutierrez-Ibarluzea Inaki 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionOmics technologies enable the measurements of genes (genomics), mRNA (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics) and metabolites (metabolomics) and thus proved to be valuable tools for personalized decision-making in clinical practice. For their evaluation, a health technology assessment (HTA) framework is not standardized and accepted, yet. Therefore, we aim at designing an omics-technologies HTA evaluation framework to facilitate their assessment, through a mixed-method approach. This work is part of the ExACT project, which aims to produce a range of tools to facilitate the implementation of precision health in clinical practice.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify the existing HTA frameworks used for the evaluation of omics-technologies. Desk research on the HTA agencies’ websites was performed to identify the reports on omics-technologies HTA evaluation frameworks used by these agencies. A questionnaire evaluating HTA agencies’ experience on evaluation of omics-technologies was designed. The new framework will be elaborated based on the findings from the three methodological steps, and will be validated through a Delphi process.ResultsTwenty-three articles were included in the systematic review. The main identified HTA frameworks were ACCE and “Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention” (EGAPP). The desk research showed that these frameworks were seldom used by HTA agencies, which for the evaluation of omics-technologies mostly refer to the HTA Core Model®, mainly assessing the following domains: clinical effectiveness and economic evaluation. Data collection process of the questionnaire HTA agencies’ experience is in progress.ConclusionsAlthough two main HTA frameworks for the evaluation of omics-technologies have been identified, these frameworks are sporadically used by HTA agencies in their practice. The particular interest of HTA agencies on clinical effectiveness and economic evaluation, might potentially reflect the uncertainty and difficulties when evaluating omics-technologies. This could indicate that these HTA frameworks are not feasible and practical to be used in routine HTA agency processes for omics technologies, emphasizing the need for a new framework. Our methodological approach might contribute to the development of a new HTA framework, feasible and practical to use not only for HTA agencies.