bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous inferential processing while reading interleaved expository texts enables learners to discover the underlying regularities
Authors: Abel Roman , Niedling Luka Maria , Hänze Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent studies on text sequencing found learning advantages of interleaving over blocking in terms of high‐level inferences. We conducted a 2 × 2 × 2 mixed factorial experiment with college students (n = 117) by manipulating text sequence (interleaved vs. blocked) and self‐questioning activity while reading (spontaneous vs. prompted) between subjects and testing delay (immediately vs. 1‐week delay) within subjects. Results revealed that students are spontaneously engaged in self‐questioning and inferential processing while reading an interleaved text. Students who were spontaneously engaged while reading an interleaved text outperformed their counterparts in all other conditions in the immediate and delayed test on comparative reasoning, inductive reasoning, and memorization of factual details. The learning advantages were mediated by inductive inferences made while reading an interleaved text. Results support the discriminative contrast view that readers are encouraged to discover the underlying regularities when differences and similarities among categories are accentuated by their juxtaposition.
Nutritive value of fall‐stockpiled tall fescue pastures on southeastern U.S. farms
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. , Poore Matt H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStockpiling of tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] may be a useful strategy to avoid fescue toxicosis in autumn and to reduce winter hay feeding costs of beef cattle grazing systems. Typical recommendations are to fertilize with N prior to fall growth. However, little information is available on how soil and pasture conditions affect forage nutritive value responses to fall fertilization. We analyzed the nutritive value of fall‐stockpiled forage in response to N fertilization on 92 fields in North Carolina and neighboring states from 2015 to 2018. We hypothesized that inherent soil nutrient cycling might minimize the need for exogenous N fertilizer inputs. Increasing N fertilization led to (a) greater crude protein, macronutrient concentrations (i.e., K, Ca, and P), and relative feed value and (b) lower acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and lignin. However, changes were small, and effects were modified by surface soil properties. For example, crude protein increased from an average of 114 g kg–1 without N fertilization to 131 g kg–1 with 100 kg N ha–1, but this significant N fertilization effect diminished with increasing total organic C and inorganic N of a field. Small changes in nutritive value may have been a consequence of trials conducted on well‐managed farms with relatively high soil‐test biological activity and net N mineralization potential. Therefore, a single recommendation for fall N fertilization may not always be appropriate for enhancing nutritive value. Stockpiled tall fescue had sufficient nutritive value for pregnant cows, and N fertilization may not always be necessary.
APOE alleles’ association with cognitive function differs across Hispanic/Latino groups and genetic ancestry in the study of Latinos‐investigation of neurocognitive aging (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Granot‐Hershkovitz Einat , Tarraf Wassim , Kurniansyah Nuzulul , Daviglus Martha , Isasi Carmen R. , Kaplan Robert , Lamar Melissa , Perreira Krista M. , Wassertheil‐Smoller Sylvia , Stickel Ariana , Thyagarajan Bharat , Zeng Donglin , Fornage Myriam , DeCarli Charles S. , González Hector M. , Sofer Tamar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionApolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles are associated with cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease in Whites, but have weaker and inconsistent effects reported in Latinos. We hypothesized that this heterogeneity is due to ancestry‐specific genetic effects.MethodsWe investigated the associations of the APOE alleles with significant cognitive decline and MCI in 4183 Latinos, stratified by six Latino backgrounds, and explored whether the proportion of continental genetic ancestry (European, African, and Amerindian) modifies these associations.ResultsAPOE ε4 was associated with an increased risk of significant cognitive decline (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, P‐value = 0.03), with the strongest association in Cubans (OR = 1.46, P‐value = 0.007). APOE‐ε2 was associated with decreased risk of MCI (OR = 0.37, P‐value = 0.04) in Puerto Ricans. Amerindian genetic ancestry was found to protect from the risk conferred by APOE ε4 on significant cognitive decline.DiscussionResults suggest that APOE alleles' effects on cognitive outcomes differ across six Latino backgrounds and are modified by continental genetic ancestry.
Fine‐Tuning Protein Self‐Organization by Orthogonal Chemo‐Optogenetic Tools
Authors: Sun Huan , Jia Haiyang , Ramirez‐Diaz Diego A. , Budisa Nediljko , Schwille Petra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA universal gain‐of‐function approach for the spatiotemporal control of protein activity is highly desirable when reconstituting biological modules in vitro. Here we used orthogonal translation with a photocaged amino acid to map and elucidate molecular mechanisms in the self‐organization of the prokaryotic filamentous cell‐division protein (FtsZ) that is highly relevant for the assembly of the division ring in bacteria. We masked a tyrosine residue of FtsZ by site‐specific incorporation of a photocaged tyrosine analogue. While the mutant still shows self‐assembly into filaments, dynamic self‐organization into ring patterns can no longer be observed. UV‐mediated uncaging revealed that tyrosine 222 is essential for the regulation of the protein's GTPase activity, self‐organization, and treadmilling dynamics. Thus, the light‐mediated assembly of functional protein modules appears to be a promising minimal‐regulation strategy for building up molecular complexity towards a minimal cell.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Intramolecular 1,2‐Aryl Migration of Mesoionic Carbenes (iMICs)
Authors: Merschel Arne , Glodde Timo , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntramolecular 1,2‐Dipp migration of seven mesoionic carbenes (iMICAr) 2 a–g (iMICAr=ArC{N(Dipp)}2CHC; Ar=aryl; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) under nickel catalysis to give 1,3‐imidazoles (IMDAr) 3 a–g (IMDAr=ArC{N(Dipp)CHC(Dipp)N}) has been reported. The formation of 3 indicates the cleavage of an N−CDipp bond and the subsequent formation of a C−CDipp bond in 2, which is unprecedented in NHC chemistry. The use of 3 in accessing super‐iMICs (5) (S‐iMIC=ArC{N(Dipp)N(Me)C(Dipp)}C) has been shown with selenium (6), gold (7), and palladium (8) compounds. The quantification of the stereoelectronic properties reveals the superior σ‐donor strength of 5 compared to that of classical NHCs. Remarkably, the percentage buried volume of 5 (%Vbur=45) is the largest known amongst thus far reported iMICs. Catalytic studies show a remarkable activity of 5, which is consistent with their auspicious stereoelectronic features.
One‐year safety and efficacy profile of transcatheter aortic valve‐in‐valve implantation with the portico system
Authors: Casenghi Matteo , Gorla Riccardo , Popolo Rubbio Antonio , De Marco Federico , Brambilla Nedy , Agnifili Mauro , Testa Luca , Bedogni Francesco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to investigate the procedural and mid‐term outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation for failed surgical bioprostheses (TAVI‐ViV) with Portico device.BackgroundLimited evidence coming from early experience on Portico system does not allow to fully assess safety and efficacy of this device in this ViV patients.MethodsFrom January 2016 up to June 2019, 56 consecutive patients undergoing TAVI‐ViV with Portico were prospectively included in our institutional TAVI database.ResultsThe prevalent mechanism of failure was stenosis (58.9%); true internal diameter (ID) was <21 mm in 71.4% of cases. Device success rate were 69.6% with 14 (25%) patients showing a residual gradient ≥20 mmHg, 2 (3.6%) a PVL ≥ moderate and 1 (1.8%) required a second THV implantation due to device embolization. At 1‐year follow‐up 5 patients (8.9%) died whereas moderate SVD was reported in 2 (3.6%). Patients with a post‐procedural mean gradient ≥20 mmHg showed a significantly higher rate of CV hospitalization (21.4% vs. 2.4%, p = .02) whereas no differences in procedural and 1‐year outcomes were noticed according to true ID diameter or degeneration mode. Chimney stenting (ChT) was performed in 23 (41%) patients without significant differences in procedural and 1‐year outcomes compared to non‐ChT group.ConclusionsTAVI‐ViV with Portico valve was associated with good procedural and 1‐year outcomes, even in patients with features of high procedural and anatomical complexity.
Tailored Coumarin Dyes for Photoredox Catalysis: Calculation, Synthesis, and Electronic Properties
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Nenov Artur , Marchini Marianna , Rodeghiero Giacomo , Conti Irene , Paltanin Ettore , Balletti Matteo , Ceroni Paola , Garavelli Marco , Cozzi Pier Giorgio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh level time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) computational modeling of coumarin dyes has been exploited for guiding the design of effective photocatalysts (PCs). A library of coumarins were investigated from the theoretical point of view and photophysical/electrochemical properties (absorption and emission spectra, E00, oxidation and reduction potentials) were evaluated. Comparison with literature values reported for a few candidates has been used for assessing the level of theory. On the basis of the results obtained, new strongly reducing PCs [Eox(PC.+/PC*)=−2.1 – −2.0 V vs SCE] were discovered. Through the computational study of structure‐properties relationships, a number of coumarins derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in the pinacol coupling of aldehydes as the model reaction. The new organic photoredox catalysts show experimental photophysical and electrochemical data in accordance with the ones predicted by calculation, with excited state reduction potentials surpassing those of highly reducing transition metal‐based PCs. A careful investigation of their behavior as PC has revealed crucial issues that need to be taken into consideration in the general photoredox catalysis, shedding light on the use of these PC in the pinacol, as well as, in other photoredox reactions.
Learning from Spiropyrans: How to Make Further Developments of Donor‐Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts
Authors: Duan Yongli , Zhao Haiquan , Xiong Chaoyue , Mao Lijun , Wang Dongsheng , Zheng Yonghao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDonor‐acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) as a species of novel photochromic molecules, have been developing rapidly and attracting broad researchers’ sights since 2014. DASAs show visible/near‐infrared (NIR) light induced linear‐to‐cyclic isomerization and heat induced cyclic‐to‐linear isomerization, therefore they are attractive in photoresponsive hydrogels, drug delivery, cell culturing and tissue engineering. As a series of well‐known photoresponsive molecules, spiropyrans (SPs) show similar molecular properties and comparable photoswitching with DASAs. UV light triggers closed‐to‐open (also known as spirocyclic (SC)‐to‐merocyanine (MC)) isomerization of SPs, while the reversed open‐to‐closed isomerization occurs under visible light or heat. Light irradiation switches the molecular color, scale, geometry, and polarity of SPs and DASAs reversibly. Since the researches on DASAs are still in the infancy, the chemical structures, isomerization mechanisms and potential applications need to be further investigated and explored. The well‐studied SPs have important reference values to the comprehensive developments of DASAs. In the present review, we summarized, compared and discussed SPs and DASAs with regards to their molecular structures, synthesis, photoswitching and applications. We also make our perspective on the developments of DASA in future.
Targeting the CRD F‐face of Human Galectin‐3 and Allosterically Modulating Glycan Binding by Angiostatic PTX008 and a Structurally Optimized Derivative
Authors: Miller Michelle C. , Zheng Yi , Suylen Dennis , Ippel Hans , Cañada F. Javier , Berbís M. Alvaro , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Tai Guihua , Gabius Hans‐Joachim , Mayo Kevin H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCalix[4]arene PTX008 is an angiostatic agent that inhibits tumor growth in mice by binding to galectin‐1, a β‐galactoside‐binding lectin. To assess the affinity profile of PTX008 for galectins, we used 15N,1H HSQC NMR spectroscopy to show that PTX008 also binds to galectin‐3 (Gal‐3), albeit more weakly. We identified the contact site for PTX008 on the F‐face of the Gal‐3 carbohydrate recognition domain. STD NMR revealed that the hydrophobic phenyl ring crown of the calixarene is the binding epitope. With this information, we performed molecular modeling of the complex to assist in improving the rather low affinity of PTX008 for Gal‐3. By removing the N‐dimethyl alkyl chain amide groups, we produced PTX013 whose reduced alkyl chain length and polar character led to an approximately eightfold stronger binding than PTX008. PTX013 also binds Gal‐1 more strongly than PTX008, whereas neither interacts strongly, if at all, with Gal‐7. In addition, PTX013, like PTX008, is an allosteric inhibitor of galectin binding to the canonical ligand lactose. This study broadens the scope for galectin targeting by calixarene‐based compounds and opens the perspective for selective galectin blocking.
PEGylated Water‐Soluble Organic Nanoparticles with Chlorin Derivative for Biocompatible Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Liu Yang , Lee Min Seob , Lee Sang Hyeob , Song Hyeon Ho , Baek Bo Sun , Lee Woo Kyoung , Kim Yeon‐Jeong , Yoon Il 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non‐invasive and highly selective therapeutic approach. Photosensitizers (PSs) are an essential ingredient in PDT. However, many PSs are hydrophobic and insoluble, seriously restraining their clinical use. In this study, we prepared biocompatible PSs using water‐soluble organic nanoparticles (WSONs) with a chlorin derivative, pyropheophorbide a (PPa), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to overcome the limited clinical applications of PDT. Among the PEGylated WSONs (WSON‐PEGs), WSON‐PEG 3400 and 2000 exhibited good water solubility and stability, with no aggregation in aqueous media, a high photoactivity, and low dark toxicity in vitro against A549 and HeLa cells. An in vivo application of WSON‐PEG 3400 using A549 tumour‐bearing BALB/c nude mice demonstrated a three‐fold higher PDT efficacy compared with the control and drug only groups, without treatment‐induced toxicity or toxic side effects. These results demonstrate that WSON‐PEG (3400) is a biocompatible PS with a high PDT efficacy and reduced dark toxicity, suitable for use in clinical trials.
Highly Polar Insertion Complexes with Focused IR Spectra and Internal Field‐Inhibited Isomerization
Authors: Sullivan Mason , Naumkin Fedor Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractComplexes of a polar molecule (benzene trioxide) and alkali halide diatoms are predicted to form stable conformers through not only a common attachment, but also trapping the molecule between the counterions. Two possible low‐ and no‐barrier routes of formation of such an insertion complex are identified, and stability and other properties of this and other conformers are analyzed, including polarity and charge distribution. Calculated IR spectra indicate a bright feature specific for the insertion complex, facilitating its reliable experimental detection. Isomerization of the ion‐pair‐trapped molecule shows a nonobvious inhibition effect (through an increased potential energy barrier) compared to the free molecule due to the reduction of its polarity in the isomerization. Formation of a flatter isomer, trioxonine, is clearly “reported” by a sharp alteration of the IR spectrum, distinguishable also from its variation for the nonreactive relaxation of the insertion complex into an attached one.
Bright harmony of environmental management initiatives for achieving corporate social responsibility authenticity and legitimacy: Glimpse of hotel and tourism industry
Authors: Lin Kuho , Peng Michael Y.‐P. , Anser Muhammad Khalid , Yousaf Zahid , Sharif Arshian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study aims to find out the effect of environmental management initiatives (EMI) on corporate social responsibility (CSR) authenticity and CSR legitimacy. The current study also examines the influence of CSR authenticity on CSR legitimacy and mediating effect of CSR authenticity in the connection between EMI and CSR legitimacy. Data were collected from 309 managers of hotels and tourism industries. Statistical techniques such as correlation and regression were used through AMOS 7.0 software for data analysis. Results reveal that EMI positively predicts CSR authenticity. Moreover, CSR authenticity significantly predicts the CSR legitimacy. The direct link between EMI and CSR legitimacy is also positive and significant. The findings also reveal that CSR authenticity mediates the relationship between both EMI and CSR legitimacy links. These findings suggested that managers in hotel and tourism industry should participate in CSR activities and well‐being of the societies using the organizational resources for attaining CSR legitimacy.
Transition metal oxide based non‐enzymatic electrochemical sensors: An arising approach for the meticulous detection of neurotransmitter biomarkers
Authors: Poolakkandy Rasha Rahman , Menamparambath Mini Mol 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiagnosis of brain disorders is an extremely confronting task for the medical community and hence, the recognition and detection of pertinent biomarkers for neurological disorders is a crucial phase. Electrochemical techniques with transition metal oxide (TMOs) modified electrodes have emerged as a promising technique for the detection of neurotransmitters, which act as potent biomarkers. This review has tried to sum up the recent advancements made in the TMOs modified non‐enzymatic electrochemical detection of important neurotransmitters in the last two decades. A comprehensive description of these neurotransmitters along with their biochemistry and impact on the human body is also provided. A short description of the future perspectives of the electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters is given highlighting the wearable sensors for the in vivo detection.
Likelihood‐based inference for spatiotemporal data with censored and missing responses
Authors: Valeriano Katherine A. L. , Lachos Victor H. , Prates Marcos O. , Matos Larissa A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes an alternative method to deal with spatiotemporal data with censored and missing responses using the SAEM algorithm. This algorithm is a stochastic approximation of the widely used EM algorithm and is an important tool for models in which the E‐step does not have an analytic form. Besides the algorithm developed to estimate the model parameters from a likelihood‐based perspective, we present analytical expressions to compute the observed information matrix. Global influence measures are also developed and presented. Several simulation studies are conducted to examine the asymptotic properties of the SAEM estimates. The proposed method is illustrated by environmental data analysis. The computing codes are implemented in the newRpackageStempCens.
Regional seismic responses of shallow basins incorporating site‐city interaction analyses on high‐rise building clusters
Authors: Kato Bence , Wang Gang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study assesses the 3D amplification effects in shallow basins and quantifies the effects of site‐city interaction (SCI) on high‐rise buildings. A regional‐scale 3D spectral element simulation is conducted on the Tuen Mun‐Yuen Long basin, which contains multiple subbasins with heterogeneous and nonlinear soil profiles, while 3D city models with various building layouts are fully integrated into the basin model for our SCI study. We found a good correlation between spectral amplification factors and soil depths. Site response is significantly amplified at basin edges and centers due to surface waves generated at basin edges and the focusing effects stemming from 3D basin geometry. Transfer functions of 3D basins can be up to fourfold at fundamental frequencies as compared to 1D response, and further amplifications occur at high frequencies due to surface waves. In the SCI simulations, we observe wave trapping in the open space amid buildings resulting in energy concentration and up to twofold PGA amplifications. The wave trapping effect diminishes as the space between buildings increase beyond their range of influence (∼100 m). The SCI analyses show that destructive kinetic energy in superstructures increases 28% in one horizontal direction but decreases 22% in the other. Our study concluded that, 1D site response analysis can significantly underestimate the seismic demand in shallow basins. Site‐city interaction of high‐rise buildings increases the short‐period spectra of ground motions, leading to an increase in their story accelerations by up to 50% and to a substantial decrease in the seismic safety of short structures in their vicinity.
Secreted TRAIL gene‐modified adipose‐derived stem cells exhibited potent tumor‐suppressive effect in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Li Shaojie , Ma Tiexiang , Zeng Jian , Zhou Xin , Li Huanyu , Tang Min , Liu Xiang , Li Feng , Jiang Bin , Zhao Ming , Chen Ying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveConsidering the potential of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) migrating towards cancer cells, this study was performed to explore the function of tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) modified ADSCs on the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsADSCs were extracted from human adipose tissues and identified through immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Oil red staining and alizarin red staining were performed to clarify the differentiation potential of ADSCs. AAV‐CMV‐sTRAIL was transfected into ADSCs before Western blot and Transwell measurements. sTRAIL‐ADSCs were cocultured with HCC cells to explore its effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells. The possible effect of sTRAIL‐ADSCs or ADSCs on tumor growth and metastasis was determined in vivo using xenograft nude mouse models.ResultsADSCs were successfully extracted from adipose tissues, which were confirmed by cell morphology and positive expressions of CD44 and CD105. ADSCs were found with differentiation potential. After transfection, TRAIL was stably expressed in sTRAIL‐ADSCs. Both ADSCs and sTRAIL‐ADSCs can migrate towards HCC cells. In addition, sTRAIL‐ADSCs can promote the cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation in vitro, on parallel it can also suppress epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, tumor growth, and metastasis in vivo.ConclusionTRAIL modified ADSCs can migrate towards HCC cells to inhibit tumor growth and the metastasis of implanted HCC tumors, which hints TRAIL modified ADSCs may be a new therapeutic approach for HCC treatment.