bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, mortality, and lethality of hospitalizations for community-acquired pneumonia with comorbid cardiovascular disease in Spain (1997–2015)
Authors: Arias-Fernández Loreto , Gil-Prieto Ruth , Gil-de-Miguel Ángel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The probability of hospitalization in patients suffering from community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with an underlying comorbidity, such as a cardiac pathology, is 73-fold higher than that in CAP patients without a comorbidity. Although previous studies have investigated patients with cardiac events and pneumonia, they have not studied the burden of disease in depth at the population level. The objective of this study is to provide population-level data on patients ≥60 years old who were hospitalized with pneumonia with comorbid cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Spain over a period of 19 years (1997–2015).

Methods
This is a retrospective study based on a minimum basic data set (MBDS). The following variables were collected: age, sex, re-admission (yes/no), hospital stay (days), and other diagnoses. Hospitalization rate (per 100,000 inhabitants), mortality rate (per 100,000 inhabitants), and lethality rate (%) were obtained, and the 95% confidence interval of each rate was calculated. Analyses were stratified by age (categorized into 4-year intervals), sex, and year of admission. Differences were assessed for significance with the chi-squared test for proportions and the Poisson model for rates. Logistic regression was run with in-hospital survival as the dependent variable and sex, age, year of admission, and re-admission (yes/no) as the independent variables. The level of significance was p < 0.005.

Results
The total number of patients ≥60 years old hospitalized for pneumonia with comorbid CVD was 99,346. The rates of hospitalization, mortality, and lethality increased significantly with age over the 19 years. Men had higher rates of hospitalization and mortality. The probability of a patient with CAP and CVD dying was correlated with male sex, older age, hospital re-admission, and having been hospitalized earlier in the study period.

Conclusions
Community-acquired pneumonia with comorbid cardiovascular disease continues to be a major cause of hospitalization in Spain, especially in the elderly population, making it necessary to develop more preventive strategies for this group of patients.
A systems biology-driven approach to construct a comprehensive protein interaction network of influenza A virus with its host
Authors: Farooq Qurat ul Ain , Shaukat Zeeshan , Aiman Sara , Zhou Tong , Li Chunhua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a serious public health problem not only in South East Asia but also in European and African countries. Scientists are using network biology to dig deep into the essential host factors responsible for regulation of virus infections. Researchers can explore the virus invasion into the host cells by studying the virus-host relationship based on their protein-protein interaction network.

Methods
In this study, we present a comprehensive IAV-host protein-protein interaction network that is obtained based on the literature-curated protein interaction datasets and some important interaction databases. The network is constructed in Cytoscape and analyzed with its plugins including CytoHubba, CytoCluster, MCODE, ClusterViz and ClusterOne. In addition, Gene Ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses are performed on the highly IAV-associated human proteins. We also compare the current results with those from our previous study on Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)-host protein-protein interaction network in order to find out valuable information.

Results
We found out 1027 interactions among 829 proteins of which 14 are viral proteins and 815 belong to human proteins. The viral protein NS1 has the highest number of associations with human proteins followed by NP, PB2 and so on. Among human proteins, LNX2, MEOX2, TFCP2, PRKRA and DVL2 have the most interactions with viral proteins. Based on KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the highly IAV-associated human proteins, we found out that they are enriched in the KEGG pathway of basal cell carcinoma. Similarly, the result of KEGG analysis of the common host factors involved in IAV and HCV infections shows that these factors are enriched in the infection pathways of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Viral Carcinoma, measles and certain other viruses.

Conclusion
It is concluded that the list of proteins we identified might be used as potential drug targets for the drug design against the infectious diseases caused by Influenza A Virus and other viruses.
Strategies for diagnosis of fetal right atrium dilation: based on fetal cardiac anatomy and hemodynamics
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhao Leisheng , Zhang Ying 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Fetal right atrium (RA) dilation is frequently detected in routine screenings while it remains a challenge to clarify the reasons. This study aimed to analyze the cardiac anatomy and hemodynamics of fetal RA dilation and the changes of hemodynamic indexes.

Methods
In the retrospective study, 420 fetuses with RA dilation were included, which were classified into the physiological group (n = 202), volume overload group (n = 142), and the pressure overload group (n = 76). The ratio of right atrium to left atrium (RA/LA) were measured at four-chamber view. Peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation (VTR) was recorded in each case, if existed.

Results
The RA/LA ratio in the volume overload group is significantly higher than both the pressure overload group and the physiological group (both P = 0.000) throughout the pregnancy while no difference presents between the pressure overload group and the physiological group (P = 0.694 for 19–31 GW, and P = 0.974 for 32–36 GW, respectively). The VTR in the pressure overload group (3.29 ± 0.58 m/s) is significantly higher than both the volume overload group (1.85 ± 0.45 m/s, P = 0.000) and the physiological group (0.88 ± 0.45 m/s, P = 0.000). The volume overload group shows a significantly higher VTR than the physiological group (P = 0.000). In the volume overload group, the ductal contraction/closure shows a significantly higher VTR than that in the pulmonary valve stenosis/atresia (3.98 ± 0.41 m/s vs. 3.03 ± 0.38 m/s, P = 0.000).

Conclusions
A strategy proposed herein is useful to clarify the reasons for RA dilatation by systematically assessing fetal hemodynamics, which may facilitate the sonographers to make an accurate diagnosis of congenital heart disease.
Changing the paradigm of intracranial hypertension in brain tumor patients: a study based on non-invasive ICP measurements
Authors: Kienzler Jenny C. , Zakelis Rolandas , Marbacher Serge , Bäbler Sabrina , Schwyzer Lucia , Remonda Elke , Fandino Javier 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The ultrasound based non-invasive ICP measurement method has been recently validated. Correlation of symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension with actual ICP measurements in patients with large intracranial tumors is controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess ICP in patients with brain tumors, presenting with neurological signs and symptoms of elevated ICP and to further evaluate the value and utility of non-invasive ICP monitoring.

Methods
Twenty patients underwent non-invasive ICP measurement using a two-depth transcranial Doppler ultrasound designed to simultaneously compare pulse dynamics in the proximal (intracranial), and the distal (extracranial) intraorbital segments of the ophthalmic artery through the closed eyelid.

Results
Forty-eight measurements were analyzed. Radiological characteristics included tumor volume (range = 5.45–220.27cm3, mean = 48.81 cm3), perilesional edema (range = 0–238.27cm3, mean = 74.40 cm3), and midline shift (mean = 3.99 mm). All ICP measurements were in the normal range of 7–16 mmHg (ICPmean: 9.19 mmHg). The correlation of demographics, clinical and radiological variables in a bivariate association, showed a statistically significant correlation with neurological deficits and ICPmax (p = 0.02) as well as ICPmean (p = 0.01). The correlation between ICP and neurological deficits, showed a negative value of the estimate. The ICP was not increased in all cases, whether ipsilateral nor contralateral to the tumor. The multivariate model analysis demonstrated that neurological deficits were associated with lower ICPmax values, whereas maximum tumor diameter was associated with larger ICPmax values.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that ICP in patients with intracranial tumors and mass effect is not necessarily increased. Therefore, clinical signs of intracranial hypertension do not necessarily reflect increased ICP.
Serum antioxidant micronutrient levels in pre-eclamptic pregnant women in Enugu, south-East Nigeria: a comparative cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Enebe Joseph Tochukwu , Dim Cyril Chukwudi , Ugwu Emmanuel Onyebuchi , Enebe Nympha Onyinye , Meka Ijeoma Angela , Obioha Kingsley Chukwu , Eleje George Uchenna , Nwagha Uchenna Ifeanyi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPre-eclampsia is a common obstetric complication of pregnancy in Nigeria, and oxidative stress has been implicated in its aetiopathogenesis. Despite this fact, there is a paucity of information regarding the serum antioxidant micronutrient status of pre-eclamptic Nigerian women. The objective of the was to determine the mean serum levels of some antioxidant trace elements (copper, zinc, selenium, magnesium, manganese) in pre-eclamptic pregnant women and compare with that of healthy pregnant women in Enugu, South-Eastern, Nigeria.MethodsA cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of the University of Nigeria, Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the sera of 81 pregnant pre-eclamptic and 81 matched healthy pregnant controls were analyzed for the antioxidant micronutrients. Both descriptive and inferential analysis was performed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 and aPvalue of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsThe mean serum levels of copper, selenium, and magnesium were found to be significantly lower in the pre-eclamptic pregnant group when compared to the healthy pregnant controls (p < 0.05). The mean serum levels of zinc and manganese did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). All the mean serum levels of micro-nutrients studied did not vary by category of pre-eclampsia (with or without severity findings) except manganese which was significantly lower in pre-eclamptic women without severity findings when compared to those with severity findings (p = 0.043).ConclusionsThe serum levels of copper, selenium, and magnesium were significantly lower among pre-eclamptics when compared to their normal healthy controls. Low levels of selenium, copper, and magnesium may have contributed to the incidence of pre-eclampsia in our environment.
NR2F2 plays a major role in insulin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells
Authors: Xia Baili , Hou Lijun , Kang Huan , Chang Wenhui , Liu Yi , Zhang Yanli , Ding Yi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The failure of treatment for breast cancer usually results from distant metastasis in which the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role. Hyperinsulinemia, the hallmark of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been regarded as a key risk factor for the progression of breast cancer. Nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2 (NR2F2) has been implicated in the development of breast cancer, however its contribution to insulin-induced EMT in breast cancer remains unclear.

Methods
Overexpression and knockdown of NR2F2 were used in two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 to investigate potential mechanisms by which NR2F2 leads to insulin-mediated EMT. To elucidate the effects of insulin and signaling events following NR2F2 overexpression and knockdown, Cells’ invasion and migration capacity and changes of NR2F2, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin were investigated by real-time RT-PCR and western blot.

Results
Insulin stimulation of these cells increased NR2F2 expression levels and promoted cell invasion and migration accompanied by alterations in EMT-related molecular markers. Overexpression of NR2F2 and NR2F2 knockdown demonstrated that NR2F2 expression was positively correlated with cell invasion, migration and the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin. In contrast, NR2F2 had an inverse correlation with E-cadherin expression. In MDA-MB-231, both insulin-induced cell invasion and migration and EMT-related marker alteration were abolished by NR2F2 knockdown.

Conclusions
These results suggest that NR2F2 plays a critical role in insulin-mediated breast cancer cell invasion, migration through its effect on EMT.
Seasonal variation in the occurrence of retinal vein occlusion: a 4-year cross-sectional study
Authors: Matsuzawa Moe , Sakanishi Yoshihito , Ebihara Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular disease that causes a loss of vision. Therefore, we investigated whether there is seasonal variation in the onset of RVO, to examine the possibility of preventing it.

Methods
Patients with RVO who were treated at the Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital between April 2013 and March 2017 were included in this retrospective study. The season in which the RVO occurred was recorded for each case, and the cases were grouped into six 2-month periods based on the month of RVO, and classified by age, sex and hypertension status. The frequency of occurrence of RVO across seasons was compared using a chi-squared test.

Results
A total of 348 patients with RVO presented during the study period, with information regarding the date of RVO onset. The cohort of 348 consisted of 167 males and 181 females who, overall, had a mean age of 64.0 years (range 17–96 years). The highest incidence of RVO onset was during January/February, with the lowest incidence during July/August. Patient age, sex and hypertension status did not influence the results.

Conclusions
The seasonal onset of RVO tended to be higher in January/February and May/June, and lower in July/August. These findings suggest that eyecare professionals should be more vigilant in watching for the occurrence of RVO during winter and the rainy season, regardless of the patient’s sex, age or hypertension status.
Subthreshold yellow laser for fovea-involving diabetic macular edema in a series of patients with good vision: effectiveness and safety of a fovea-sparing technique
Authors: Filloy Alejandro , Chong Victor , Solé Eduard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with center-involved diabetic macular edema (CI-DME) with good visual acuity (VA) represent a controversial clinical scenario in which a subthreshold laser might be a reasonable approach. We report a case series of patients with CI-DME with VA better than 20/32 who were treated with a subthreshold 577 nm (yellow) laser.

Methods
The area of retinal thickening on OCT was treated with confluent laser spots at individually titrated power. The fovea was spared from treatment. Effectiveness and safety were evaluated through OCT and autofluorescence (AF) as well as BCVA.

Results
A total of 23 eyes from 19 patients were treated. VA ranged from 20/20 to 20/30. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 18 months. Edema in OCT resolved completely at the end of follow-up in 56.5% (13/23) of the cases. Central retinal thickness was reduced at 12 weeks and at the end of follow-up, with a mean reduction of 16.9 μm and 22 μm, respectively (paired t-test p = 0.001 and 0.0003). VA remained stable. The laser was invisible (OCT, AF, Fundoscopy) in 91,3% (21/23) of eyes.

Conclusions
A fovea-sparing yellow subthreshold laser was safe and effective for treating CI-DME patients with good VA in this case series. This technique is of interest to prevent the progression of mild edema and might avoid or reduce the use of more invasive and expensive therapies. Excluding the fovea from the treated area does not seem to affect the results, which is of interest to novel laser practitioners.
Antipsychotic treatment experiences of people with bipolar I disorder: patient perspectives from an online survey
Authors: Bessonova Leona , Velligan Dawn I. , Weiden Peter J. , O’Sullivan Amy K. , Yarlas Aaron , Bayliss Martha , Baranwal Nishtha , Rychlec Kaitlin , Carpenter-Conlin Julia , Doane Michael J. , Sajatovic Martha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Oral antipsychotic (AP) medications are frequently prescribed to people with bipolar I disorder (BD-I). A cross-sectional online survey examined the experiences of people living with BD-I with a history of recent AP use.

Methods
Adults with self-reported physician-diagnosed BD-I (N = 200) who received oral APs during the prior year completed a survey on AP-related experiences, including side effects and their perceived burden on social functioning, adherence, and work. Items also assessed preferences for trade-offs (balancing symptom management and side effects) when considering a hypothetical new AP. The perceived impact of specific, prevalent side effects on adherence, work, and preferences for a hypothetical AP were also examined. Analyses were descriptive.

Results
The survey sample had a mean age of 43.2 (SD = 12.4) years, was 60% female, and 31% nonwhite. Almost all participants (98%) had experienced AP side effects. Common self-reported side effects were feeling drowsy or tired (83%), lack of emotion (79%), anxiety (79%), dry mouth (76%), and weight gain (76%). Weight gain was cited as the most bothersome side effect, rated by most participants (68%) as “very” or “extremely bothersome.” Nearly half of participants (49%) reported that AP side effects negatively impacted their job performance; almost all (92%) reported that side effects – most commonly anxiety and lack of emotion – negatively impacted social relationships (e.g., family or romantic partners). The most commonly-reported reason for stopping AP use was dislike of side effects (48%). Side effects most likely to lead to stopping or taking less of AP treatment included “feeling like a ‘zombie’” (29%), feeling drowsy or tired (25%), and weight gain (24%). When considering a hypothetical new AP, the most common side effects participants wanted to avoid included AP-induced anxiety (50%), weight gain (48%), and “feeling like a ‘zombie’” (47%).

Conclusions
Side effects of APs were both common and bothersome, and impacted social functioning, adherence, and work. Findings highlight the prevailing unmet need for new APs with more favorable benefit-risk profiles.
Recovery services and expectation of consumers and mental health professionals in community-based residential facilities of Ghana
Authors: Gyamfi Naomi , Badu Eric , Mprah Wisdom Kwadwo , Mensah Isaac 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the past decades, considerable global attention has been drawn to recovery services that seek to promote the personal recovery journey of consumers with mental illness. However, in most settings, including Ghana, limited empirical studies have attempted to explore, from the perspectives of Mental Health Professionals (MHPs) and consumers, the effectiveness of recovery services and expectation towards the recovery. This study, therefore, explored consumers’ and MHPs perspectives concerning recovery services and expectations towards recovery in two community-based residential facilities in Ghana.MethodsA qualitative method, involving in-depth interviews and observations, were used to collect data from 24 participants (5 MHPs and 19 consumers). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe study identified three global themes and nine organizing themes. The global themes were recovery services offered to consumers, expectation regarding personal recovery and challenges in achieving recovery. The study found that recovery services were expected to improve the internal and external recovery processes of consumers. The internal recovery process was independent living whilst the external recovery process were management of illness, economic empowerment and social inclusion. Several systemic and consumer-related factors influenced consumers’ and MHPs expectation concerning the recovery journey.ConclusionThe study concludes that the government should prioritize the use of recovery services through policies, financial incentives, infrastructure support, and adequate training of MHPs.
Design and psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess gender sensitivity of perinatal care services: a sequential exploratory study
Authors: Simbar Masoumeh , Rahmanian Fatemeh , Nazarpour Soheila , Ramezankhani Ali , Eskandari Narges , Zayeri Farid 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Providing gender sensitive reproductive health service is recently emphasized by health organizations. This study aims to develop and assess psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess gender sensitivity of perinatal care services (GS-PNCS) to be used by managers of perinatal services.

Methods
This study is a mixed sequential (Qualitative-Quantitative) exploratory study. In the qualitative phase, 34 participants were interviewed and the items were generated. To evaluate the validity; face, content and construct validity were assessed. The reliability was assessed by internal consistency and stability calculation.

Results
The content validity and reliability were demonstrated by S-CVR = 0.92 and S-CVI = 0.98, Cronbach’s α = 0.880 and the ICC = 0.980 to 0.947. Exploratory factor analysis showed 8 factors which explained more than 52.53% of the variance.

Conclusion
GS-PNCS is a valid and reliable questionnaire, with 49 items to assess gender sensitivity of perinatal care services and helps health care managers and planners to improve the quality of the services.