bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mechanism theory of dissolution profile of oxide particles in oxide melt
Authors: Xuan Changji , Mu Wangzhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe shape origin and variation of oxide dissolution profile in the oxide melt is for the first time explained with a mechanism of diffusion‐distance‐controlled dissolution (DDD). A novel analytical model is derived to present this theory. The profile shape is governed by the diffusion distance of the dissolved components in the oxide melt. The viscosity gradient at the boundary of the diffusion region provides the driving force for the profile variation. Both temperature and initial viscosity of oxide melt are the key factors determining the oxide dissolution kinetics. This theory can be applied to describe diffusion‐limited particle dissolution in a general system.
Effect of calcium to silica ratio on the synthesis of calcium silicate hydrate in high alkaline desilication solution
Authors: Qi Fang , Zhu Ganyu , Zhang Yimin , Hou Xinjuan , Li Shaopeng , Zhang Jianbo , Li Huiquan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh alkaline desilication solution (DSS), a high volume byproduct from the pretreatment of high‐alumina fly ash, was used as low‐cost mother liquor for the synthesis of calcium silicate hydrate (C‐S‐H). Through the combined analysis of X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray fluorescence, 29Si MAS NMR, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, the relationship between chemical composition and structure of C‐S‐H synthesized under Ca/Si of 0.83:1 to 2.0:1 was investigated. Silicon conversion and yield of product have a positive correlation with Ca/Si. Sodium uptake in C‐S‐H is inhibited as Ca/Si increases. The formation of sodium in C‐S‐H transfers from “bound Na” to “mobile Na” and aluminum from tetrahedrally coordinated Al (IV) to octahedrally coordinated Al (VI). The increase of Ca/Si leads to shortening of silicate chain and formation of more dimers, which causes more water bound in C‐S‐H. The mechanism of calcium addition on silicate chain obtained from DFT calculation primarily results from more interlayer calcium occurrence to affect bridging tetrahedron and cationic bounding states reorganization. Reasonable control for Ca/Si momentously contributes to the adjustment for composition and structure of C‐S‐H synthesized in DSS.
Atomic structures of Ti‐doped α‐Al2O3 Σ13 grain boundary with a small amount of Si impurity
Authors: Ishihara Saki , Tochigi Eita , Ishikawa Ryo , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDoping is a fundamental technique to control sintering of α‐Al2O3, and many types of elements have been used to control grain growth and material properties. Such dopants tend to be concentrated at the grain boundaries and modify grain boundary properties. It is therefore important to investigate the variation of grain boundary atomic structures induced by additives. However, in the sintering process it is difficult to prevent small amounts of unintentional impurity (such as Si), and the potential influence of additives and impurities on the grain boundary structure should be taken into account. Here we show that two types of grain boundary atomic structures are formed in a Ti‐doped Σ13 []/() α‐Al2O3, which has been determined by atomic‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Combining with atomic‐scale spectroscopic analyses, we elucidate that the local concentration of Si impurities significantly alters the grain boundary atomic structures and the valence state of Ti additives. The present results suggest that the subtle change in concentrations of both additives and impurity should have a strong impact on sintering processes and resultant properties in α‐Al2O3.
Processing and room temperature mechanical properties of a zirconium carbide ceramic
Authors: Korklan Nicole , Hilmas Gregory E. , Fahrenholtz William G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractZirconium carbide (ZrC) powder, batched to a ratio of 0.98 C/Zr, was prepared by carbothermal reduction of ZrO2 with carbon black. Nominally phase‐pure ZrC powder had a mean particle size of 2.4 μm. The synthesized powder was hot‐pressed at 2150°C to a relative density of > 95%. The mean grain size was 2.7 ± 1.4 μm with a maximum observed grain size of 17.5 μm. The final hot‐pressed billets had a C/Zr ratio of 0.92, and oxygen content of 0.5 wt%, as determined by gas fusion analysis. The mechanical properties of ZrC0.92O0.03 were measured at room temperature. Vickers’ hardness decreased from 19.5 GPa at a load of 0.5 kgf to 17.0 GPa at a load of 1 kgf. Flexural strength was 362.3 ± 46 MPa, Young's modulus was 397 ± 13 MPa, and fracture toughness was 2.9 ± 0.1 MPa•m1/2. Analysis of mechanical behavior revealed that the largest ZrC grains were the strength‐limiting flaw in these ceramics.
Mechanical behavior of K‐geopolymers reinforced with silane‐coated basalt fibers
Authors: Trindade Ana Carolina Constâncio , de Andrade Silva Flávio , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA potassium‐based geopolymer (KGP) was produced through the combination of metakaolin and a K‐based alkali metasilicate solution (K2O•Al2O3•4SiO2•11H2O). Two types of silane‐coated chopped basalt fibers, manufactured for cement or epoxy‐based applications, were used in order to compare their effects. The fibers had a 12.7 mm (½ inch) length and were incorporated initially in 10 wt % contents, due to the limited fluidity of the matrix. The effect of the addition of Sapetin® superplasticizer in varying weight percentages was examined through consistency tests. 0.5% by weight of the matrix was established to be an adequate amount to improve the geopolymer workability, allowing a greater incorporation of both types of fibers into the matrix (20 wt%). The mechanical properties were analyzed through compression and 4‐point flexural tests. Pull‐out and direct tensile tests were also performed. Additionally, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted with the KGP material and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to measure the fiber cross sections. Both composites manufactured with 10 wt % of fibers reached similar high flexural strengths (~30 MPa), suggesting a suitable crack propagation at higher stresses due to strong fiber‐matrix adhesions. The fibers manufactured for epoxy applications presented a greater compatibility in 20 wt % contents, reaching 37.8 MPa in flexural tests. This was attributed to a better dispersion of such fibers in a fresh mix with reduced friction, such as KGP with the addition of superplasticizer, suggesting an improved use of this reinforcement in such contents.
Effects of Al:Si and (Al + Na):Si ratios on the properties of the international simple glass, part II: Structure
Authors: Lu Xiaonan , Reiser Joelle T. , Parruzot Benjamin , Deng Lu , Gussev Igor M. , Neuefeind Jörg C. , Graham Trent R. , Liu Hongshen , Ryan Joseph V. , Kim Seong H. , Washton Nancy , Lang Maik , Du Jincheng , Vienna John D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh‐alumina containing high‐level waste (HLW) will be vitrified at the Waste Treatment Plant at the Hanford Site. The resulting glasses, high in alumina, will have distinct composition‐structure‐property (C‐S‐P) relationships compared to previously studied HLW glasses. These C‐S‐P relationships determine the processability and product durability of glasses and therefore must be understood. The main purpose of this study is to understand the detailed structural changes caused by Al:Si and (Al + Na):Si substitutions in a simplified nuclear waste model glass (ISG, international simple glass) by combining experimental structural characterizations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The structures of these two series of glasses were characterized by neutron total scattering and 27Al, 23Na, 29Si, and 11B solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Additionally, MD simulations were used to generate atomistic structural models of the borosilicate glasses and simulation results were validated by the experimental structural data. Short‐range (eg, bond distance, coordination number, etc) and medium‐range (eg, oxygen speciation, network connectivity, polyhedral linkages) structural features of the borosilicate glasses were systematically investigated as a function of the degree of substitution. The results show that bond distance and coordination number of the cation‐oxygen pairs are relatively insensitive to Al:Si and (Al + Na):Si substitutions with the exception of the B‐O pair. Additionally, the Al:Si substitution results in an increase in tri‐bridging oxygen species, whereas (Al + Na):Si substitution creates nonbridging oxygen species. Charge compensator preferences were found for Si‐[NBO] (Na+), [3]B‐[NBO] (Na+), [4]B (mostly Ca2+), [4]Al (nearly equally split Na+ and Ca2+), and [6]Zr (mostly Ca2+). The network former‐BO‐network former linkages preferences were also tabulated; Si‐O‐Al and Al‐O‐Al were preferred at the expense of lower Si‐O‐[3]B and [3]B‐O‐[3]B linkages. These results provide insights on the structural origins of property changes such as glass‐transition temperature caused by the substitutions, providing a basis for future improvements of theoretical and computer simulation models.
New graduate nurses’ clinical competence: A mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Charette Martin , McKenna Lisa G. , Deschênes Marie‐France , Ha Laurence , Merisier Sophia , Lavoie Patrick 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo appraise and synthesize evidence of empirical studies reporting assessment of new graduate nurses’ clinical competence in clinical settings.DesignMixed methods systematic review.Data sourcesThe search strategy included keywords relevant to: new graduate nurse; clinical competence; and competence assessment. The searched literature databases included CINAHL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science. The search was limited to full‐text papers in English or French, published between 2010 –September 2019.Review MethodsInclusion criteria were: 1) empirical studies; 2) detailed method and complete results sections; 3) competence assessment in clinical settings; and 4) new graduate nurses (≤24 months). Two independent reviewers screened eligible papers, extracted data and used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool framework for quality appraisal. Divergences were solved through discussion.ResultsAbout 42 papers were included in this review: quantitative (N = 31), qualitative (N = 7) and mixed methods (N = 4). Findings suggest that new graduate nurses exhibit a good or adequate level of competence. Longitudinal studies show a significant increase in competence from 0–6 months, but findings are inconsistent from 6‐12 months.ConclusionThere are a multitude of quantitative tools available to measure clinical competence. This suggests a need for a review of their rigor.ImpactNo recent reviews comprehensively synthesized the findings from new graduate nurses’ clinical competence. This review has found that new graduate nurses’ competence has been mostly assessed as good, despite the expectation that they should be more competent. Longitudinal studies did not always show a significant increase in competence. These findings can help nurse educators in providing more support to new graduate nurses throughout the transition period or design improved transition programme. This review also identified quantitative tools and qualitative methods that can be used for competence assessment.
A biflavonoid‐rich extract from Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron. induces apoptosis via STAT3 and Akt/NF‐κB signalling pathways in laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Huang Huiqi , Hao Ji , Pang Kejian , Lv Yibing , Wan Dingrong , Wu Chaoqun , Ma Yuanren , Yang Xinzhou , Zhang Wei K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelaginella moellendorffii Hieron. (SM), a perennial evergreen plant, has been used in the treatment of acute infectious hepatitis, thoracic and hypochondriac lumbar contusions, systemic oedema and thrombocytopaenia. However, the role of a biflavonoid‐rich extract from SM (SM‐BFRE) in anti‐larynx cancer has rarely been reported. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo anti‐laryngeal cancer activity and potential mechanisms of SM‐BFRE were investigated. An off‐line semipreparative liquid chromatography‐nuclear magnetic resonance protocol was carried out to determine six biflavonoids from SM‐BFRE. In vitro, MTT assay revealed that SM‐BFRE inhibited the proliferation of laryngeal carcinoma cells. A wound healing assay indicated that SM‐BFRE suppressed the migration of laryngeal cancer cells. Hoechst 33 258 and Annexin V‐FITC/PI double staining assays were performed and verified that SM‐BFRE induced apoptosis in laryngeal carcinoma cells. The Hep‐2 bearing nude mouse model confirmed that SM‐BFRE also exhibited anticancer effect in vivo. In addition, Western blot analysis demonstrated that SM‐BFRE exerted its anti‐laryngeal cancer effect by activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and inhibiting STAT3 and Akt/NF‐κB signalling pathways. All results suggested that SM‐BFRE could be considered as a potential chemotherapeutic drug for laryngeal cancer.
Screening and identification of potential prognostic biomarkers in metastatic skin cutaneous melanoma by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Sheng Zufeng , Han Wei , Huang Biao , Shen Guoliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSkin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a multifactorial disease that presents a poor prognosis due to its rapid progression towards metastasis. This study focused on the identification of prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between primary and metastatic SKCM. DEGs were obtained using three chip data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The protein‐protein interaction network was described by STRING and Cytoscape. Kaplan‐Meier curves were implemented to evaluate survival benefits within distinct groups. A total of 258 DEGs were distinguished as possible candidate biomarkers. Besides, survival curves indicated that DSG3, DSC3, PKP1, EVPL, IVL, FLG, SPRR1A and SPRR1B were of significant value to predict the metastatic transformation of melanoma. To further validate our hypotheses, functional enrichment and significant pathways of the hub genes were performed to indicate that the most involved considerable path. In summary, this study identified substantial DEGs participating in melanoma metastasis. DGS3, DSC3, PKP1, EVPL, IVL, FLG, SPRR1A and SPRR1B may be considered as new biomarkers in the therapeutics of metastatic melanoma, which might help us predict the potential metastatic capability of SKCM patients, thus provide earlier precautionary treatments. However, further experiments are still required to support the specific mechanisms of these hub genes.
Inhibition of receptor activity–modifying protein 1 suppresses the development of endometriosis and the formation of blood and lymphatic vessels
Authors: Honda Masako , Ito Yoshiya , Hattori Kyoko , Hosono Kanako , Sekiguchi Kazuki , Tsujikawa Kazutake , Unno Nobuya , Majima Masataka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeuroimmune interactions are involved in the development of endometriosis. Here, we examined the role of a neuropeptide, calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), and its receptor, receptor activity–modifying protein (RAMP) 1, in growth of endometrial tissues and the formation of blood and lymphatic vessels in a mouse ectopic endometrial transplantation model. Endometrial fragments from donor wild‐type (WT) mice transplanted into the peritoneal wall of recipient WT mice grew with increased density of blood and lymphatic vessels. When tissues from RAMP1‐deficient (RAMP1−/−) mice were transplanted into RAMP1−/− mice, implant growth and angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis were decreased. CGRP was up‐regulated in dorsal root ganglia, and CGRP+ nerve fibres were distributed into the implants from the peritoneum. RAMP1 was co‐expressed with CD11b (macrophages) and S100A4 (fibroblasts), but did not co‐localize with blood vessel endothelial cell marker CD31 or lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE)‐1. Cultured with CGRP, macrophages up‐regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A, VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D, whereas fibroblasts up‐regulated VEGF‐C, but not VEGF‐A or VEGF‐D, in a RAMP1‐dependent manner. CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8‐37 inhibited growth of and angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis within endometrial tissue implants. These results suggest that RAMP1 signalling is crucial for growth and angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis in endometrial tissue. Blockade of RAMP1 is a potential tool for the treatment of endometriosis.
Impact of Avène Thermal Spring Water on immune cells
Authors: Eliasse Y. , Redoules D. , Espinosa E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe hydrotherapy centre in Avène, France, is used extensively to treat inflammatory skin diseases. Nevertheless, the immune mechanisms targeted by Avène Thermal Spring Water (TSW) are not fully understood. Here, we review the main results reported regarding the effects of Avène TSW on the immune system. In particular, mast cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+ T cells have been shown to be modulated by Avène TSW. All in all, the studies carried out on the effects of Avène TSW on leucocytes indicate that this water is endowed with a tolerogenic potential.
Therapeutic patient education: the Avène‐Les‐Bains experience
Authors: Guerrero D. , Calmette R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOriginally developed to improve the management of serious chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, asthma and as aftercare following oncological treatments, therapeutic patient education (TPE) has been extended to other situations, including chronic dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the development, implementation and evaluation of TPE at the Avène‐Les‐Bains Hydrotherapy Center, France.
Protective effect of Aquaphilus dolomiae extract‐G1, ADE‐G1, on tight junction barrier function in a Staphylococcus aureus‐infected atopic dermatitis model
Authors: Galliano M.F. , Bäsler K. , Caruana A. , Mias C. , Bessou‐Touya S. , Brandner J.M. , Duplan H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease characterized by recurrent pruritic inflammatory skin lesions and defects of the skin barrier. Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus contributes to increased severity of AD by compromising the barrier further. A microorganism component of Avène Thermal Spring Water, Aquaphilus dolomiae, is thought to contribute to some of its beneficial effects to skin, eg AD alleviation.AimsHere, we have investigated the effects of an extract of A. dolomiae, A. dolomiae extract‐G1 (ADE‐G1), on the structural barrier function of keratinocytes, tight junction (TJ) protein expression and the expression of several genes altered in AD patients.MethodsAn epidermal cell culture model mimicking the AD environment and phenotype was used, in which S. aureus‐infected cell cultures of normal human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to a proinflammatory environment. Endpoints measured included the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and immunohistological staining of the epidermal TJ proteins, claudin and occludin. Additional analysis was made of several genes known to be differentially regulated in skin from AD patients (C‐C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), S100 calcium binding protein A7 (S100A7), defensin beta 4 (DEFB4) and filaggrin).ResultsAquaphilus dolomiae extract‐G1 strongly increased TER in non‐infected cells and provided protection against infection by overcoming the decrease in TER induced by the infection with S. aureus. In infected cells exposed to a pro‐inflammatory environment – depicting AD‐like conditions – TER protection by ADE‐G1 was still observed. Gene expression analysis of infected and pro‐inflammatory stimulated cells indicated that ADE‐G1 modulated the inflammatory response (induced IL‐8 and attenuated CCL20 expression), increased antimicrobial activities (induced DEFB4 and A100A7) and strengthened barrier function (restored filaggrin expression).ConclusionsADE‐G1 reinforces barrier function and strongly protects TJ barrier disruption induced by bacterial infection and inflammation.
Additional pharmacological activity of I‐modulia and generation of two newly designed extracts of Aquaphilus dolomiae culture for dermocosmetic actives
Authors: Nguyen T. , Chol B. , Maitre M. , Ravard‐Helffer K. , Farinole F. , Lestienne F. , Castex‐Rizzi N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAquaphilus dolomiae (AD) is a unique isolate from Avène Thermal Spring Water. I‐Modulia, the first biotech extract from culture of AD, was used as immune modulator in Th2 inflammatory models. In this short publication, firstly we describe generation of two AD de novo extracts specifically designed for repairing and for neuroinflammation modulation activities which will be described, respectively, in two other articles in this supplement. Finally, for I‐modulia, we describe new data on inhibition of human mast cell degranulation in vitro and its effect on substance P‐induced neurogenic inflammation on ex vivo human skin explants.
Within‐population variation in female mating preference affects the opportunity for sexual selection and the evolution of male traits, but things are not as simple as expected
Authors: Millan Cristiane H. , Machado Glauco , Muniz Danilo G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFemales from the same population usually have phenotypic variation in their mating preferences. However, the effects of this within‐population variation on the sexual selection acting on males are still unclear. We used individual‐based models to explore how within‐population variation in female preference (i.e. which male trait value is preferred) and preference strength (i.e. how strong the preference is) affects the opportunity for sexual selection (Is) and the evolution of a sexually selected male trait. We found the highest Is values when females had high variation in preference and an open‐ended preference function. The lowest Is occurred when the magnitude of variation in female preference and male trait value were the same and preference function was closed. Male trait exaggeration was higher when there was high within‐population variation in preference and females had an open‐ended preference function. Also, higher male trait variation was maintained by high variation in preference, but only for a closed preference function. Thus, we found that only within‐population variation in female preference, not in preference strength, influences the opportunity for sexual selection and the evolution of sexually selected male traits. Moreover, we found that the shape of the preference function (i.e. open‐ended or closed) and the magnitude of within‐population variation in female preference compared to male trait variation also influences the Is and consequently the evolution of male traits.