bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of the Occurrence of Tuberculosis in HIV-infected Adults during the First Six Months of Antiretroviral Therapy in Kisangani, DR Congo
Authors: Bumba Dieudonné Lobela , Issa Issa Yakusu , Musakayi Daniel Kazadi , Loku Floribert Olinda , Bassandja Jacques Ossinga , Lupaka Dieu-Merci Mbumba , Paulin Mbo Mukonkole Jean , Camille-Rémy Atoba Bokele , Tshilumba Charles Kayembe 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To determine the predictive factors for the occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during the first 6 months of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Kisangani.
Methods: A case-control study was carried out during the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Clinical data were collected retrospectively from patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in the city of Kisangani. Of a total of 1,161 HIV-infected patients included in this study, 58 of them developed TB. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was made on the presence of Acid-Alcohol-Resistant Bacile (BAAR) on at least one biological sample or on the basis of a bundle of clinical and paraclinical arguments. This test is done during the first six months of initiating anti retroviral therapy (ART). Predictive factors for the onset of TB in these patients on antiretroviral therapy were identified using logistic regression analysis.
Results: After multivariate analysis, the independent factors associated with the onset of TB were: being married (OR = 4.456; 95% CI: 1.061-18.713), residence in the town of Tshopo (OR = 7.04; 95% CI: 1.168-42.47) as well as stages 3 and 4 of AIDS disease (OR = 29 95% CI: 4.563-184.872 and OR = 50.8 95% CI: 3.971-680.995).
Conclusion: The results found by this study highlight the need for active TB testing in HIV-infected individuals. Particular emphasis should be placed on the category of patients on antiretroviral therapy who have one of the independent factors for the onset of TB.
Soil Organic Carbon Stock as Affected by Different Tillage Practices under Rice-Mustard Cropping System
Authors: Parit Rajat Kumar , Mahanta K. , Bharteey P. K. , Khanikar H. , Maurya P. K. 
Published: March 2020

Management of soil organic matter (SOM) in arable lands has become increasingly important in many areas of the world to combat land degradation, increase food security, reduce carbon emissions and/or mitigate climate change. Soil carbon cycling and composition are essential components of comprehensive agricultural and ecological impacts and forecasting. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) plays keys to developing drought-resistant soils (i.e., water conservation, evaporation and erosion control and soil water infiltration ease) and ensuring sustainable food production. This study was conducted during 2018 (March) after harvesting of mustard at Instructional-cum-Research Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13, to determine the temporal effect of different tillage practices on soil carbon stock in Rice (Oryza sativa)-Mustard (Brassica juncea)-Sesbania (Sesbania rostrata) cropping system under conservation agriculture system. The soil was acidic (pH- 5.4), sandy loam in texture with CEC-6.28 cmol(p+)/100 g, organic carbon-0.92%, available N-260 kg ha-1, available P-19 kg ha-1, available K-86 kg ha-1. Tillage practices can potentially affect soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation in agricultural soils. SOC stocks of the 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm soil layers for each treatment were calculated by multiplying bulk density (g/cc), organic carbon (%) and depth of the soil (cm). Significantly lower bulk density was observed in CT and the control over the MT. While soil organic carbon was recorded significantly higher in MT over the CT and the control. The SOC stocks in MT were also higher than those under CT and Control (P < 0.05). The order of SOC stocks in the 0-45 cm soil layer was MT >CT.
Perineal Rectosigmoidectomy Revisited
Authors: Taggarshe Deepa , Attuwaybi Bashir O. 
Published: March 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results of perineal rectosigmoidectomy.

Background
Multiple surgical options are available for rectal prolapse perineal rectosigmoidectomy (Altemeier procedure) is the procedure of choice in elderly patients and those with multiple comorbidities.

Methods
Retrospective review was performed of all patients undergoing perineal rectosigmoidectomy from 1998 to 2008.

Results
Of 128 patients, 125 (98%) were women; with mean age 74 years. Mean operating time was 76 minutes. Hemostasis was achieved using ultrasonic scalpel or clamp and tie technique in equal numbers. Ultrasonic scalpel use resulted in shorter operative times (57.9 versus 94.7 minutes, respectively, P &lt; 0.0001,) and estimated blood loss (18.8 versus 73 mL, respectively, P &lt; 0.0001) compared to clamp-tie technique. Recurrence was seen in 23 (18%) patients. Recurrence was more after a handsewn anastomosis compared to a stapled anastomosis. Complications occurred in 3 patients (2%: 1 experienced major bleeding, 1 experienced perineal abscess, and 1 experienced postoperative ileus).

Conclusions
Perineal rectosigmoidectomy is associated with low morbidity and mortality. In addition, the minimal discomfort to patient, short length of stay and improvement in quality of life makes this a suitable operation for the elderly.
Successful Management of Advanced Gastric Cancer With Bulky Lymph Node Metastases and Tumor Thrombus in the Portal Vein System: A Case Report
Authors: Yamagata Yukinori , Saito Kazuyuki , Hirano Kosuke , Yoshioka Ryuji , Okuyama Takashi , Takeshita Emiko , Fujii Akiko , Ban Shinichi , Tagaya Nobumi , Sameshima Shinichi , Noie Tamaki , Yamaguchi Takehiko , Oya Masatoshi 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Gastric cancer cases with tumor thrombus in the portal vein system (PVTT) are rare, frequently develop liver metastasis, and have a very poor prognosis.

Case presentation:
A 65-year-old man presented to a physician with a complaint of upper abdominal pain persisting for 2 months. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a Borrmann type 2 tumor, and he was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) showed wall thickening of the stomach, bulky swelling of lymph nodes in the lesser curvature and along the pancreas body, and tumor thrombus in the splenic to the portal vein. CT showed no liver or lung metastases, ascites, or peritoneal nodules. Staging laparoscopy revealed P0CY0. We planned to administer neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), consisting of 2 courses of TS-1 and cisplatin combined chemotherapy. However, the second course of the chemotherapy was canceled on day 8 because of influenza. CT after chemotherapy showed no remarkable change, but we decided to undertake the planned operation. Total gastrectomy and pancreaticosplenectomy, along with lymphadenectomy, thrombectomy, and cholecystectomy, was performed. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 12 without complications. Histopathologic examination showed a well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with 45 lymph node metastases. The specimen of the tumor thrombus also showed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Because he did not want additional chemotherapy, we selected follow-up observation. The patient has remained disease-free for 60 months after the operation.

Conclusion:
We described a patient with advanced gastric cancer with PVTT, who could undergo R0 resection with a good clinical course.
Prediction of Pancreatic Fistula After Distal Pancreatectomy: Is It Necessary to Place Prophylactic Drain?
Authors: Suzumura Kazuhiro , Iida Kenjiro , Iwama Hideaki , Kawabata Yusuke 
Published: March 2020

Background
The aim of this study was to determine the predictive factors for pancreatic fistula (PF) after distal pancreatectomy (DP) among preoperative and intraoperative parameters, and to clarify the patients who did not require drain placement.

Methods
Between July 2009 and April 2017, a total of 102 consecutive patients underwent DP at Hyogo College of Medicine. Preoperative and intraoperative data were collected, and the predictors of PF after DP were identified. PF was identified in 35 patients (34%). In the multivariate analysis, 3 factors [body mass index (BMI) ≥22.4, contiguous organ resection, and pancreatic thickness ≥11 mm] were found to be independent predictors of PF (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–17; P = 0.002 odds ratio, 6.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–28; P = 0.009; odds ratio, 11.6; 95% confidence interval, 3.7–36; P &lt; 0.001, respectively).

Results
A scoring scale for the prediction of PF was developed. BMI ≥22.4 (score: 1), contiguous organ resection (score: 1), and pancreatic thickness ≥11 mm (score: 2) were included in the scoring scale. Patients with a score of 0 never developed PF, whereas PF occurred in all patients with a score of 4.

Conclusions
BMI ≥22.4, contiguous organ resection, and pancreatic thickness ≥11 mm were predictive factors for PF after DP. No patients with BMI &lt;22.4, no contiguous organ resection, and a pancreatic thickness of &lt;11 mm developed PF after DP, indicating that such patients may not require drain placement.
Social exclusion lowers working memory capacity in gay‐men but not in heterosexual‐men
Authors: Paolini Daniele , Giacomantonio Mauro , van Beest Ilja , Baiocco Roberto , Salvati Marco 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBecause sexual orientation is a crucial factor in social discrimination, this study assessed how the working memory capacity of gay‐men and heterosexual‐men is affected by a social exclusion event (N = 88). To manipulate the experience of social exclusion participants were included or excluded from a game of Cyberball. To assess working memory capacity, participants had to recall a series of letters while performing math problems in an automated version of the operation span task. The results of this small study, showed the sexual orientation of participants interacted with variations in belonging such that being ostracized (but not being included) lowered the working memory capacity of gay‐men relative to heterosexual‐men. Implications for research on belonging, social exclusion, and stereotype threat are discussed.
Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt‐catalyzed Enantioselective [4+2] Annulation of Isoindigos with Allenes: Access to Complex Heterocycles with Centerpiece of 4H‐Pyrans
Authors: Du Juan , Wu Jia‐Hong , Zhu Lixiang , Ren Xiaoyu , Jiang Chunhui , Wang Tianli 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStructurally fused heterocycles encompassing 4H‐pyran centerpiece are prevalent scaffolds with promising biological activities, but have daunting synthetic challenges. Herein, we presented a regio‐ and stereoselective [4+2] annulation of isoindigo derivatives with allenes by bifunctional phosphonium catalysis. This protocol provides a complementary way for accessing complex heterocyclic compounds.magnified image
DABCO‐promoted Diaryl Thioether Formation by Metal‐catalyzed Coupling of Sodium Sulfinates and Aryl Iodides
Authors: Liu Yanpeng , Lam Long Yin , Ye Jiqing , Blanchard Nicolas , Ma Cong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA scalable catalytic synthesis method using commodity chemicals for constructing diaryl thioethers directly from sodium arylsulfinates and iodoarenes is reported in this study. In the presence of CuO or other copper salts such as Cu(OAc)2 as well as palladium catalysts, DABCO demonstrated to be essential to promote this transformation. Various iodoarenes and aryl sulfinates were examined and demonstrated the viability of this method. The mechanistic study showed that radical reactions occurred, while DABCO N‐oxide radical can be observed by mass spectrometry. A plausible catalytic mechanism involving DABCO is also discussed, suggesting synergistic reduction of sulfinate by Cu(II) and DABCO is the key step of this coupling reaction.magnified image
Patterns of cadmium uptake and accumulation by exclusion and inclusion soybean cultivars
Authors: Jiao Xiurong , Pan Hui , Zhu Guanglong , Shang Jiali , Ji Zhongya , Ahmad Irshad , Zhou Guisheng , Morrison Malcolm J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the areas where the soils are polluted by cadmium (Cd), farmers cannot afford to use their lands for remediation due to high demand for soybean (Glycine max L.) production. In order to provide information for safe soybean production and achieve the phytoremediation using the root at the meantime, four soybean cultivars (mentioned as Cd excluder and Cd includer) differing in seed Cd accumulation were grown in a mixed growing media treated with different Cd concentrations (0 and 0.35 mg kg−1) in a growth cabinet. The biomass and Cd concentration in roots, stems, leaves, pods, and seeds were measured at the beginning of seed development (R5) and maturity (R8) stages; accumulation coefficient and translocation coefficient of Cd in different organs were calculated. Cadmium concentration in seeds was positively correlated with the Cd concentration in stem, leaf, and pod. Cadmium concentration in the roots of the Cd excluder was significantly higher than that in the Cd includer at the R5 and R8 stages; however, the Cd concentration in the seeds of the Cd includer was higher than that in the Cd excluder. Compared with the Cd excluder, more Cd was transported from the root to the aboveground organs of Cd includer. This suggests that Cd excluder with high cadmium accumulation in the root and low accumulation in the seed could provide a possible way to develop Cd‐safe cultivars with high phytoremediation capacity when grown on Cd‐polluted lands.
Diffusion‐weighted imaging‐documented bilateral small embolic stroke involving multiple vascular territories may indicate occult cancer: A retrospective case series and a brief review of the literature
Authors: Chi Xiaosa , Zhao Renliang , Pei Haitao , Xing Ang , Hu Song , Chen Jingjiao , Mao Yongjun , Zheng Xueping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) MRI is very sensitive for detecting small embolic brain infarctions. Stroke as the first manifestation of cancer is extremely rare. We performed a retrospective study to identify the clinical and DWI features of patients with acute ischemic stroke as the first manifestation of occult cancer. A total of five patients in our hospital from January 2017 to May 2019 were analyzed. We also reviewed the literature and seven case series (16 patients) were included. Most of these patients were aged in their sixties and lung cancer was the most common type of occult cancer. Patients showed various presentations of ischemic stroke. All of the patients showed small multiple lesions on DWI that involved mostly the anterior or both anterior and posterior territories. The lesions were mostly in both the supratentorium and infratentorium, with the mechanisms of embolic and watershed infarcts. These features were useful for identifying the causes of embolic stroke. Therefore, patients with small bilateral embolic stroke, especially those involved in multiple vascular territories, should be examined for concealed malignancy.
Advanced laparoscopic HPB surgery: Experience in Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
Authors: Kovid Nepal , Han Ho‐Seong , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Cho Jai Young 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe worldwide trend in surgery has moved from open surgery to minimally invasive surgery. Likewise, the application of minimally invasive surgery in the hepato‐pancreato‐biliary (HBP) field is also rapidly expanding. The field of HBP surgery can be divided into liver, pancreas and biliary fields. Minimally invasive liver surgery is recently developed. However, laparoscopic liver resection in difficult areas is challenging. However, with the accumulation of experiences, laparoscopic liver resection for difficult areas is performed more than before. With more propagation, more and more liver resection will be performed by laparoscopic approach. In minimally surgery for the pancreas, distal pancreatectomy has become a well‐recommended procedure in benign and borderline malignancy. There have been several systemic reviews that show advantages of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. The reports on laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) are slowly increasing in spite of technical difficulty, with several systemic reviews showing advantages of the procedure. However, more PD will be performed as robotic‐assisted procedures in the future. The laparoscopic surgery for biliary tract malignancy is still in early stages. The laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder cancer has been contraindicated, although there have been encouraging reports from expert centers. The laparoscopic surgery for Klatskin tumor is still an experimental procedure. Robotic‐assisted procedures for the surgery of cholangiocarcinoma will be the future. Robotic‐assisted surgery for the HBP field is still not well‐developed. However, with the necessity of more precise manipulation like intracorporeal suturing, robotic‐assisted surgery will be used more often in the field of HBP surgery.
Predicting Recovery and Outcome after Pediatric Stroke: Results from the International Pediatric Stroke Study
Authors: Felling Ryan J. , Rafay Mubeen F. , Bernard Timothy J. , Carpenter Jessica L. , Dlamini Nomazulu , Hassanein Sahar M. A. , Jordan Lori C. , Noetzel Michael J. , Rivkin Michael J. , Shapiro Kevin A. , Slim Mahmoud , deVeber Gabrielle ,   the International Pediatric Stroke Study Group
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo characterize predictors of recovery and outcome following pediatric arterial ischemic stroke, hypothesizing that age influences recovery after stroke.MethodsWe studied children enrolled in the International Pediatric Stroke Study between January 1, 2003 and July 31, 2014 with 2‐year follow‐up after arterial ischemic stroke. Outcomes were defined at discharge by clinician grading and at 2 years by the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure. Demographic, clinical, and radiologic outcome predictors were examined. We defined changes in outcome from discharge to 2 years as recovery (improved outcome), emerging deficit (worse outcome), or no change.ResultsOur population consisted of 587 patients, including 174 with neonatal stroke and 413 with childhood stroke, with recurrent stroke in 8.2% of childhood patients. Moderate to severe neurological impairment was present in 9.4% of neonates versus 48.8% of children at discharge compared to 8.0% versus 24.7% after 2 years. Predictors of poor outcome included age between 28 days and 1 year (compared to neonates, odds ratio [OR] = 3.58, p < 0.05), underlying chronic disorder (OR = 2.23, p < 0.05), and involvement of both small and large vascular territories (OR = 2.84, p < 0.05). Recovery patterns differed, with emerging deficits more common in children <1 year of age (p < 0.05).InterpretationOutcomes after pediatric stroke are generally favorable, but moderate to severe neurological impairments are still common. Age between 28 days and 1 year appears to be a particularly vulnerable period. Understanding the timing and predictors of recovery will allow us to better counsel families and target therapies to improve outcomes after pediatric stroke. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:840–852
Selbstorganisierte künstliche Ionenkanäle für die natürliche Selektion von Funktionen
Authors: Zheng Shao‐Ping , Huang Li‐Bo , Sun Zhanhu , Barboiu Mihail 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAufgrund ihrer wichtigen physiologischen Funktionen, insbesondere als selektive Relais für die Translokation physiologisch relevanter Spezies durch Zellmembranen, spielen natürliche Ionenkanäle eine wichtige Rolle in lebenden Organismen. In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich das Gebiet der selbstorganisierten Ionenkanäle kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Für die Synthese unimolekularer Kanäle oder nichtkovalent selbstorganisierter Kanäle, die zum Nachahmen natürlicher Ionenkanalproteine ausgelegt sind und für die vielfältige, sich ineinander umwandelnde oder adaptive Kanalleitungszustände beobachtet werden können, wurden konvergente mehrdimensionale Selbstorganisationsstrategien verwendet. In diesem Aufsatz geben wir eine Übersicht über die Entwicklung verschiedener selbstorganisierter künstlicher Kanäle, insbesondere ihren Aufbau, das Selbstorganisationsverhalten, die Transportaktivität in Lipiddoppelschichtmembranen, Transportmechanismen, und stellen Vergleiche mit natürlichen Ionenkanälen an. Wir diskutieren die Anwendungen künstlicher Ionenkanäle sowie mögliche Probleme, die das Gebiet erwarten, und zukünftige Entwicklungen.
Adaptive Chemoenzymatic Microreactors Composed of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Bioinspired Intrinsically Disordered Proteins
Authors: Capasso Palmiero Umberto , Küffner Andreas M. , Krumeich Frank , Faltova Lenka , Arosio Paolo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe assembly of protein and inorganic nanoparticles represents an attractive approach to generate composite materials with multiple functions. Herein, we functionalize inorganic nanoparticles with intrinsically disordered protein domains associated with the formation of membraneless compartments in cells. These protein sequences, defined as low complexity domains (LCDs), encode intermolecular interactions that drive highly controlled, dynamic self‐assembly in response to environmental changes. We show that the properties of the LCDs can be transferred to inorganic nanoparticles, inducing controlled phase separation that is dynamic and responsive to ionic strength and pH. Specifically, we hybridize magnetic nanoparticles with multi‐domain proteins consisting of LCD domains and a globular enzyme, generating dynamic protein‐composite compartments that locally confine hybrid chemoenzymatic reactions and respond to external magnetic fields and changes in solution conditions.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of Metal–Inorganic Frameworks Hf4N20⋅N2, WN8⋅N2, and Os5N28⋅3 N2 with Polymeric Nitrogen Linkers
Authors: Bykov Maxim , Chariton Stella , Bykova Elena , Khandarkhaeva Saiana , Fedotenko Timofey , Ponomareva Alena V. , Tidholm Johan , Tasnádi Ferenc , Abrikosov Igor A. , Sedmak Pavel , Prakapenka Vitali , Hanfland Michael , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Mahmood Mohammad , Goncharov Alexander F. , Dubrovinskaia Natalia , Dubrovinsky Leonid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolynitrides are intrinsically thermodynamically unstable at ambient conditions and require peculiar synthetic approaches. Now, a one‐step synthesis of metal–inorganic frameworks Hf4N20⋅N2, WN8⋅N2, and Os5N28⋅3 N2 via direct reactions between elements in a diamond anvil cell at pressures exceeding 100 GPa is reported. The porous frameworks (Hf4N20, WN8, and Os5N28) are built from transition‐metal atoms linked either by polymeric polydiazenediyl (polyacetylene‐like) nitrogen chains or through dinitrogen units. Triply bound dinitrogen molecules occupy channels of these frameworks. Owing to conjugated polydiazenediyl chains, these compounds exhibit metallic properties. The high‐pressure reaction between Hf and N2 also leads to a non‐centrosymmetric polynitride Hf2N11 that features double‐helix catena‐poly[tetraz‐1‐ene‐1,4‐diyl] nitrogen chains [−N−N−N=N−]∞.