bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Speed throughout Aging: Insight into the World Masters Championships
Authors: GIFFORD JAYSON R. , COLLINS JESSICA 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine how the speed–distance relationship, described by critical speed (CS) and distance prime (D′), is altered with aging.

Methods
Official race data from the past eight World Masters Athletics Indoor Track and Field World Championships were used for this study. CS and D′ were calculated for female and male athletes (35–90 yr of age) who registered times for the 800-, 1500-, and 3000-m runs during a single championship to determine the relationship between age and CS and D′. Twenty-six athletes completed sufficient races in multiple championships to retrospectively assess the change in CS and D′ over time.

Results
Cross-sectional data indicated that CS continuously decreases after age 35 yr in a curvilinear manner with advancing age (R
2 = 0.73, P < 0.001, n = 187), with even greater decreases in CS occurring after ~70 yr of age. D′ also changed in a curvilinear manner with age (R
2 = 0.45, P < 0.001, n = 103), such that decreases were observed between 35 and 70 yr, followed by an increase in D′ thereafter. Retrospective, longitudinal data, with an average follow-up of 6.38 ± 1.73 yr, support these findings, indicating that the annual decrease in CS grows with advancing age (e.g., ~1% vs ~3% annual decrease in CS at age 55 vs 80 yr, respectively) and that D′ shifts from an annual decrease (e.g., ~2.5% annual decrease at 55 yr) to an annual increase (e.g., ~2.5% annual increase at 80 yr) around 70 yr of age. Importantly, the relationship between CS and race pace was unaffected by age, supporting the relevance of CS throughout aging.

Conclusion
Even among world-class athletes, CS decreases and D′ changes with aging. These adaptations may contribute to the diminished exercise ability associated with aging.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in metachronous oligometastatic prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the current prospective evidence
Authors: Yan Michael , Moideen Nikitha , Bratti Vanessa Freitas , Moraes Fabio Ynoe de 
Published: August 2020

Objective: In contrast to traditional views of incurability, patients with oligometastatic disease present with an opportunity for disease eradication with aggressive treatment. There is mounting evidence in support of the role of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC). Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were queried for prospective cohort studies reporting the outcomes of metachronous OMPC treated with SBRT. The primary outcome was overall local control. Secondary outcomes included androgen deprivation therapy-free survival (ADTFS), biochemical recurrence free survival (BCFS), and progression-free survival (PFS). When appropriate, these endpoints were combined in a meta-analysis. Results: We screened 356 abstracts and identified 10 studies to include in our analysis, with a total of 653 patients and 1,111 lesions. The maximum number of lesions included in any single study ranged from 3 to 5. PET-CT staging occurred in 92.4% of all patients. SBRT dose varied, with BED1.5 ranging from 152 to 408. Only one Grade 3 bone toxicity was observed. Meta-analysis reported an overall local control rate of 97% (95% CI, 94–100). Median ADTFS was 24.7 months (95% CI, 20.1–29.2 months). Two-year BCFS, PFS, and ADTFS were 33% (95% CI, 11–55), 39% (95% CI, 24–54), and 52% (95%CI, 41–62), respectively. Patients treated with SBRT were half as likely to experience PSA progression than those on observation when looking at randomized control trial data alone. Conclusion: SBRT appears to be effective in controlling overall disease burden in metachronous OMPC patients and is associated with minimal significant toxicity. The current prospective literature is scarce, and further prospective data are needed to guide treatment recommendations. Advances in knowledge: This study provides a comprehensive summary of the prospective evidence reporting the outcomes of SBRT in the management of OMPC patients. We quantify the rates of local control, biochemical-free recurrence, progression-free survival, and ADT-free survival through meta-analysis.
Comparison of chest X-ray interpretation by Emergency Department clinicians and radiologists in suspected COVID-19 infection: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kemp Oliver J , Watson Daniel J , Swanson-Low Carla L , Cameron James A , Von Vopelius-Feldt Johannes 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: We describe the inter-rater agreement between Emergency Department (ED) clinicians and reporting radiologists in the interpretation of chest X-rays (CXRs) in patients presenting to ED with suspected COVID-19. Methods: We undertook a retrospective cohort study of patients with suspected COVID-19. We compared ED clinicians’ and radiologists’ interpretation of the CXRs according to British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) guidelines, using the area under the receiver operator curve (ROC area). Results: CXRs of 152 cases with suspected COVID-19 infection were included. Sensitivity and specificity for ‘classic’ COVID-19 CXR findings reported by ED clinician was 84 and 83%, respectively, with a ROC area of 0.84 (95%CI 0.77 to 0.90). Accuracy improved with ED clinicians’ experience, with ROC areas of 0.73 (95%CI 0.45 to 1.00), 0.81 (95%CI 0.73 to 0.89), 1.00 (95%CI 1.00 to 1.00) and 0.90 (95%CI 0.70 to 1.00) for foundation year doctors, senior house officers, higher speciality trainees and ED consultants, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: ED clinicians demonstrated moderate inter-rater agreement with reporting radiologists according to the BSTI COVID-19 classifications. The improvement in accuracy with ED clinician experience suggests training of junior ED clinicians in the interpretation of COVID-19 related CXRs might be beneficial. Large-scale survey studies might be useful in the further evaluation of this topic. Advances in knowledge: This is the first study to examine inter-rater agreement between ED clinicians and radiologists in regards to COVID-19 CXR interpretation. Further service configurations such as 24-hr hot reporting of CXRs can be guided by these data, as well as an ongoing, nationwide follow-up study.
Effects of rapid recruitment and dissemination on Covid-19 mortality: the RECOVERY trial
Authors: Knowlson Catherine , Torgerson David J. 
Published: August 2020

The RECOVERY trial is a large multi-armed, adaptive randomised controlled trial of treatments for Covid-19. It has rapidly recruited and demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine is ineffective in reducing mortality for hospitalised patients, whilst dexamethasone significantly reduces mortality among those patients using supplemental oxygen or on a ventilator. We estimate that the speed of recruitment and dissemination has probably decreased mortality in the UK by at least 200 hospitalised patients in the first month since the British Prime Minister announced the results. Despite its impressive speed, the trial only recruited about 15% of eligible patients, with recruitment rates ranging between 3% to 80% at participating hospitals. Had the trial recruited 50% of the eligible patients then our analysis suggests that more than 2,000 additional lives could have been saved. In a pandemic, rapid recruitment with high centre recruitment is absolutely essential to reduce deaths. Methods of improving site specific recruitment rates need investigating urgently.
How Does the Economy Shape the Financial Advisory Profession?
Authors: Law Kelvin K. F. , Zuo Luo 
Published: August 2020

We examine whether economic conditions have a long-term impact on the composition of available financial advisors in the profession. We find that financial advisors who start their career in recessions are less likely to commit professional misconduct throughout their career, even compared with their colleagues working in the same firm, at the same location, and at the same point in time. We show that this relation between early economic conditions and advisor misconduct remains after controlling for differences in hiring firms, advisor characteristics, and opportunities to commit misconduct. Collectively, our evidence suggests that economic conditions shape the types of financial advisors who are ultimately available in the profession. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
Bundling for Flexibility and Variety: An Economic Model for Multiproducer Value Aggregation
Authors: Bhargava Hemant K. 
Published: August 2020

Many markets feature an economic structure in which value is cocreated by multiple producers and aggregated into a common bundle by a producer-consortium or independent firm. Examples include in-home video entertainment, technology goods and services, multisourced data platforms, and patent pools. This paper develops an economic model to study demand, production choices, revenue sharing, and relative market power in such markets. Producers in these markets are not rivalrous competitors in the usual zero-sum sense, because output of each casts an externality on production decisions of others and total market demand expands with total output, albeit with diminishing returns. This property allows multiple producers to flourish in equilibrium (versus just one with the most favorable technological or cost structure), and more so when the market expands less quickly with total output. Equilibrium production quantities of competitors are strategic complements, yet competition between producers does manifest itself, for example, if one acquires better production technology (i.e., makes value units at lower cost) then the equilibrium production levels of other producers are reduced. Insights are also derived for alternative market structures, for example, producers have more output and earn higher profit when organized into a distribution consortium (e.g., Hulu or consortia of zoos or museums) versus relying on a separate retailer. Mergers between producers have similar effect. The formulation enables us to rigorously answer economic questions ranging from pricing, revenue sharing, and production levels in a static setting, to market dynamics covering both the causes and effects of changes in industry structure. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Analysis of the effect of methadone and temperature on the development rate of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A forensically important fly
Authors: Kshvary Dawoud , Rassi Yavar , Azizi Kourosh , OSHAGHI MOHAMMAD ALI , RAFIZADEH SAYENA , ALIMOHAMMADI ALI MOHAMMAD , NAMADI MARZIEA SHAHRIARI , PARKHIDEH SEYEDEH ZAHRA 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Keshavarzi D, Rassi Y, Azizi K, Oshaghi MA, Rafizadeh S, Alimohammadi AM, Namadi MS, Parkhideh SZ. 2020. Analysis of the effect of methadone and temperature on the development rate of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae): A forensically important fly. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 87-91. The development rate/time of flies is a scientific method to estimate the minimum time elapsed after death. Several studies have shown that opioids and temperature affect maggot growth rates. However, there are few published data that investigate the effect of ante-mortem methadone use on larval length of Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy). Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of methadone and temperature on the development rate/time of this species. During this study, four rabbits were administered 0.10, 0.50, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg of methadone via gavage over a period of 14 days, and a five rabbit, which did not receive methadone, was used as a control. The rabbits' tissues were separated and exposed to maggots for rearing. Minimum developmental times of C. vicina life stages at six constant temperature regimes were provided. From hours 48 to 96, larvae feeding on tissues containing 10 mg/kg methadone developed more rapidly than those feeding on tissues containing 0.1, 0.50, and 1 mg/kg and also from the control. In the present study, development rate of C. vicina was linearly related to temperature (R2 = 0.96, p =0.02) between 16 and 32°C. The results revealed that the differences observed in the rates of development were sufficient to alter postmortem interval estimates based on larval development by up to 24 h.
Preoperative scar perception study comparing ‘scarless’ in the neck endoscopic thyroidectomy with open thyroidectomy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Qiu TY , Lau JWL , Wong O , Oh HB , Boon TW , Parameswaran R , Ngiam KY 
Published: August 2020

Introduction Open thyroidectomy is the most common approach to thyroid surgery. However, ‘scarless’ (in the neck) endoscopic thyroidectomy, consisting of endoscopic and robotic surgery, is progressively being adopted for its perceived cosmetic benefits. This study aims to determine the patient’s preferred surgical approach and to identify the factors that influence their decision. Materials and methods A pilot study consisting of 100 patients with a surgical thyroid disorder were prospectively recruited from a single tertiary centre. An interviewer-administered survey was conducted. Demographic, socioeconomic status, scar perception and an adapted body image scale were evaluated to identify factors that shaped the patient’s perception of the surgical approach. Results The mean age of participants was 54.5 ± 13.0 years; 72% were women and 87% Chinese. Of the 100 patients, 75 patients considered scarless endoscopic thyroidectomy as their preferred surgical approach while 25 patients opted for open thyroid surgery. Improvement in scar perception score between scarless endoscopic thyroidectomy and open thyroid surgery is associated with an increased willingness to choose scarless endoscopic thyroidectomy. The mean body image scale score was 6.9 ± 2.8, indicating no statistical difference between the surgical approaches. On multivariate analysis, improvement in scar perception score (odds ratio 3.38, 95% confidence interval 1.11–10.29) and having surgeon recommendation (odds ratio 6.38, 95% confidence interval 1.80–22.63) were independently associated with interest in scarless endoscopic thyroidectomy. Conclusion Patients interest in undergoing scarless endoscopic thyroidectomy is driven by improved scar perception and surgeon’s recommendation compared with open thyroid surgery.
High-speed PAM4 transmission with a GeSi electro-absorption modulator and dual-path neural-network-based equalization
Authors: Ruan Xiaoke , Yang Fan , Zhang Lei , Ming Hao , Li Yanping , Zhang Fan 
Published: August 2020

Equalization based on artificial neural networks (NN) has proved to be an effective way for nonlinearity mitigation in various kinds of optical communication systems. In this Letter, we propose a novel methodology of dual-path neural network (DP-NN)-based equalization. By combining a linear equalizer with an input-pruned NN equalizer, DP-NN can effectively reduce the computation cost compared to a conventional NN equalizer. We confirm its feasibility through 4-ary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) transmission at a gross(net) bitrate of 160 Gb/s (133.3 Gb/s), based on a GeSi electro-absorption modulator operating at C-band. After a 2 km transmission, the bit error rate is below the 20% hard-decision forward-error-correction threshold of

1.5

×

10

−
2

with the DP-NN equalization, which outperforms the Volterra equalization and is comparable to conventional NN-based equalization.
Photo-induced bleaching and thermally stimulated recovery of BAC-P in Bi-doped phosphosilicate fibers
Authors: Zhao Qiancheng , Hao Qun , Luo Yanhua , Li Xiaochong , Cui Shiyu , Tan Fengze , Yu Changyuan , Peng Gang-Ding 
Published: August 2020

The first results of the study on photobleaching and thermally induced recovery in Bi-doped phosphosilicate fiber have been presented. It was revealed that the rate of bleaching of phosphor-related Bi active center (BAC-P) becomes slower with the decrease of photon energy. The quadratic dependence of the bleaching rate of BAC-P on laser power is obtained under 532 nm laser irradiation. The effect of temperature on the bleaching dynamics of BAC-P is also investigated under 532 nm radiation, suggesting a thermally aggravated bleaching process upon heating at certain temperatures (

≥

300

∘

C

). Furthermore, the thermal recovery of bleached Bi-doped silica-based fiber (BDF) is investigated and a 13% increase of luminescence is achieved upon thermal quenching for 5 min at 400ºC. The underlying mechanism of photobleaching and thermo-stimulated recovery process of BAC-P is also discussed.
Chiral plasmonic metasurface absorbers in the mid-infrared wavelength range
Authors: Mahmud Md. Shamim , Rosenmann Daniel , Czaplewski David A. , Gao Jie , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2020

Chiral metamaterials in the mid-infrared wavelength range have tremendous potential for studying thermal emission manipulation and molecular vibration sensing. Here, we present one type of chiral plasmonic metasurface absorber with high circular dichroism (CD) in absorption of more than 0.56 across the mid-infrared wavelength range of 5–5.5 µm. The demonstrated chiral metasurface absorbers exhibit a maximum chiral absorption of 0.87 and a maximum CD in absorption of around 0.60. By adjusting the geometric parameters of the unit cell structure of the metasurface, the chiral absorption peak can be shifted to different wavelengths. Due to the strong chiroptical response, the thermal analysis of the designed chiral metasurface absorber further shows the large temperature difference between the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light. The demonstrated results can be utilized in various applications such as molecular detection, mid-infrared filter, thermal emission, and chiral imaging.
The Immediate Effect of Spinal Manipulation on Ball Velocity and Neuromuscular Function During an Instep Kick in Former Varsity Soccer Players: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Corso Melissa , Liang Carmen , Tran Steve , Howitt Scott , Srbely John , Mior Silvano A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Corso, M, Liang, L, Tran, S, Howitt, S, Srbely, J, and Mior, SA. The immediate effect of spinal manipulation on ball velocity and neuromuscular function during an instep kick in former Varsity soccer players: a feasibility study. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2558–2565, 2022—Spinal manipulation (SM) has been shown to increase ball velocity (BV) in soccer players. Evidence suggests that SM modulates responses at spinal or cortical levels to enhance force production in asymptomatic populations. No studies have explored the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms contributing to changes in BV post-SM in soccer players. We assessed the feasibility of measuring change in BV and neuromuscular function after SM in former Varsity level soccer players with a pre-post study design. Three to 5 maximal instep kicks were performed before and after SM at the L3-5 level. Ball velocity was measured using high-speed camera. Activation of lower limb and trunk musculature was recorded with electromyography. Outcomes included ease of recruitment, scheduling and data capture, as well as expectation and perception of SM effect and adverse events (AE). Fifteen potential subjects were recruited over 1.5 months. Eleven were scheduled (24–31 years; 8 females, 3 males). Two subjects reported mild AE after maximal voluntary isometric contraction testing. A significant increase in BV (mean change: 1.75 m·s−1 [95% confidence interval: 0.5–3.0]) and a trend to increased peak-activation of knee extensors (90.7%) were observed post-SM. Findings suggest that our recruitment strategy and methodology are feasible in a larger trial with some modifications. Our preliminary findings support previous research by suggesting that increased BV may be mediated through increased activation of knee extensors during the kick. Our findings may offer additional insight into the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms contributing to immediate change in BV post-SM.
Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy: A Qualitative Tool to Predict Dispersion and Interphase Characteristics in Carbon-Based Particulate Filled Poly (Lactic Acid) Composites
Authors: Rane Ajay Vasudeo , Kanny Krishnan , Biju Merlin , Sudhakaran Sudhikuttan Akkattil , Aravind Ammu , Thomas Sabu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Properties of polymer composites depend to a large extent on the characteristics of dispersion and interphase layers. In this work, poly (lactic acid) composites (PLAC) were prepared via the dissolution–dispersion method (DD) and oligomeric–dispersion method (OD). Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS) was used to determine the dispersion and interphase characteristics within the PLAC. An increase in absorbance at a higher wavelength within the absorbance spectra was observed for PLAC prepared by DD and OD, which can be attributed to the formation of strong adlayers as well as “near to homogenous dispersion” for carbon-based particulate filled composites. An increase in absorbance was observed for PLAC prepared by OD in comparison to DD and can be attributed to modifications occurring at interphase regions. PLAC using carbon black, multiwalled carbon nanotubes in poly (lactic acid) were prepared via DD and OD and further characterized by UV–VIS. To study the “hybrid effect,” composites with 2.5 weight percent of carbon black with varied concentration of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose fibers were prepared via DD and OD, further characterized for UV–VIS. This manuscript portrays the role of UV–VIS to determine dispersion as well as the interphase characteristics for poly (lactic acid) filled carbon composites.
Види рослин і лишайників Кий-острова в Гербарії Національного лісотехнічного університету України (LWFU)
Authors: Prykladivska Tetyana 
Published: August 2020

Кий-острів, що розташований в Онезькій затоці Білого моря (географічні координати 64°00′ п. ш., 37°53′ с. д.) – це виступ гранітної плити, яка залягає на незначній глибині і виходить на поверхню моря у вигляді скель. Геоморфологічні та кліматичні особливості острова, близькість до Північного полярного кола та Арктичної області, зумовили формування на ньому своєрідних природних комплексів, де переважають соснові ліси. Виконані в липні 1984 р. серії описів лісових біоценозів острова дали змогу встановити як основні типи цих лісів (сосняк лишайниковый скальный, сосняк лишайниковый каменистый, сосняк лишайниковый багульниково-вересковый на вершинах сельг [Kucherov, Zverev, 2012; Rupestrian landscapes…, 2008; Rysin, 1975]), так і відповідні їм типи асоціацій (Pinetum cladinosum petraeum, Myrtillus-Calluna-Cladina-Typ, Pinetum uliginosi-vaccinioso-ledosum). Наведений перелік домінантних видів рослин і лишайників нижніх ярусів лісових біоценозів демонструє наявність у їх складі характерних представників бореальної та гіпоарктичної флори. Найбільша частина з них – це класичні бореальні види: Andromeda polifolia L., Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench, Ledum palustre L., Linnaea borealis L., Nardus stricta L. та інші. На другій позиції знаходяться гіпоарктичні види, серед яких Betula nana L., Rubus arcticus L., Rubus chamaemorus L., Cornus suecica L. На поверхнях скель високу частку складають представники відділу Lichenomycota – характерні елементи північних та південних лишайникових тундр, а саме: Cladonia stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vězda, Cladonia sylvatica (L.) Hoffm., Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg., Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach., Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd.
Зібраний гербарний матеріал (45 зразків 16-ти таксонів) достатньою мірою відображає найбільш характерні риси біоти скельних сосняків Кий-острова та являє собою єдину колекцію видів з північної тайги європейської частини Росії в Гербарії Національного лісотехнічного університету України, який офіційно зареєстрований в міжнародних базах даних під акронімом LWFU.