bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UPDATING AND TESTING THE PASRR SCREEN IN KANSAS: REAL WORLD IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Wendel-Hummell Carrie L , Kang Hyun , Sullivan Darcy , O'Neal Alan , Swartzendruber Lora , Boyd Marion , LaPierre Tracey , Poggio John 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Kansas is updating the PASRR (Preadmission Screen and Resident Review) Level 1 screen per new guidance from the PASRR Technical Assistance Committee (PTAC), via a partnership between the State and university researchers. PTAC has directed states to screen for undiagnosed serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI) and also recommends screening for substance related disorders. Stakeholders were engaged through advisory workgroups and a content validity expert panel. These activities led to the creation of a revised PASRR Level-1 screen, but stakeholders also raised several concerns. PASRR law does not require Level-1 assessors to have professional training in mental health diagnoses or treatment, yet new guidelines asks them to screen for undiagnosed SPMI. Further, there are apparent discrepancies between these new guidelines and PASRR Level-2 criteria. Finally, current information management systems are not equipped to handle the higher security protocols associated substance use disorders. The draft instrument was tested with a sample of 103 nursing facility applicants by trained PASRR assessors and inter-rater reliability (IRR) was tested via a standardized vignette with 14 trained PASRR assessors. Only 3% of actual NF applicants were identified as possibly having an undiagnosed SPMI and only 43% of assessors correctly identified symptoms of a suspected SPMI in the standardized vignette, indicating poor validity and reliability in assessing for undiagnosed SPMI during the Level-1 screen. New PASRR guidelines may better ensure that nursing facility residents receive appropriate care for SPMI, however, there are many challenges to ensuring an accurate screen and supporting successful implementation.
TRAUMA THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE IN AN IMMIGRANT POPULATION
Authors: Dong Gabriella , Bergren Stephanie M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The majority of studies on traumatic events have focused on either children or younger adults, while traumatic events in older adults have not been sufficiently investigated. Older immigrants encountered a wide range of traumatic events across the life span, before and after immigration, in the origin and host countries. This study aims to provide a descriptive epidemiology of lifetime traumatic events in older Chinese Americans. The data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) in 2017-2019, with a sample size of 3,126. Traumatic events were evaluated by natural disasters, personal and historical events. After examining the lifetime prevalence of natural disasters, we found typhoon (64.46%) has the highest prevalence, followed by earthquake (39.81%) and tornado (7.25%). In terms of personal events, death of a loved one (69.78%) was the most prevalent, followed by robbery (12.57%), physical assault (5.36%), fire (5.29%), divorce (5.16%), cancer (5.10%), falsely accused (2.15%), homeless (1.57%), sexual assault (0.99%), and imprisonment (0.74%). In addition, 18.91% of women experienced abortion and 11.25% of women experienced miscarriage,. With respect to historical events, most participants experienced the Cultural Revolution (73.27%), the Great Leap Forward (62.71%), and famine (60.01%). A small proportion experienced the Japanese invasion of China (27.14%), Tiananmen Square protests (7.86%), and the Vietnam war (4.78%). In our sample, women were more likely than men to encounter traumatic life events. Further studies could examine the influence of cumulative exposure to natural disasters, personal events and historical events on health outcomes of older immigrants.
WHOLE-BODY TAU-KNOCKOUT MICE DEVELOP AGE-ASSOCIATED METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION AND OBESITY
Authors: Baeuerle Eric , Zhang Ning , Musi Nicolas , Orr Miranda E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The microtubule associated tau protein (MAPT) is expressed in multiple tissues; however, the primary focus has been its role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Few efforts have been made to investigate tau protein function outside of the nervous system. We previously noted that aged (20 mo.) Mapt-KO mice had significantly greater body mass than either age-matched wild-type mice or a Mapt-KO/rTg4510 mouse model of late stage neurodegeneration. We hypothesize that endogenous tau contributes to normal metabolic function and sought to characterize potential metabolic alterations in whole body Mapt-KO mice. In 2-3 month-old wild type (WT) and Mapt-KO mice fed ad lib chow diet, we observed no significant difference in glucose or insulin tolerance. However, in 16 month-old Mapt-KO mice fed ad lib chow, we observed glucose intolerance (p&lt;0.05) and increased body mass (1.45-fold, p&lt;0.001) compared to WT. In this aged cohort, we evaluated body composition by quantitative magnetic resonance, spontaneous activity and running, grip strength and Rotarod performance, nest building, and performed high resolution respirometry in hippocampus and soleus. Mapt-KO shows significant increases in lean and fat mass (1.18-fold, 2.97-fold, p&lt;0.05) and nest building (Deacon Score, p &lt;0.05), and reductions in ambulatory activity (p&lt;0.01) and rotarod balancing (p&lt;0.0001) despite an ability to learn the task. No significant changes were seen in grip strength, spontaneous running, or mitochondrial respiration, although there was a trend of reduced maximum uncoupled respiration in Mapt-KO hippocampus (p&lt;0.1). This study concludes that Mapt plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and body weight regulation.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN KOREAN ELDERLY BY REGION
Authors: Yun Jungmi , Lee Yeongsuk , Lee Hyun-Ju 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There have been inequalities in healthcare indices in the elderly by regions in Korea, and this gap is increasing. To improve their health-related quality of life (HRQoL), it is essential to identify the cause of the regional health gap and to work out solutions. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with HRQoL in the Korean population aged over 65 years by region. Integrated raw data from the 2017 Korea Community Health Survey (n = 57,317), a cross-sectional study, were utilized. Based on the reduced Social-Ecological Model, the dependent variable was HRQoL and individual, interpersonal, and community factors were independent variables. Data were analyzed by complex-samples descriptive methods, and complex-samples general linear model (CSGLM). In both regions, individual factors (gender, age, household income, education level, drinking, BMI, sleep duration, the number of chronic illness, economic status, subjective health status, and physical activity), interpersonal factors (neighbor and friend contact frequency, religious activity, fellowship activity), and community factors (satisfaction with safety level, public transportation, and medical service) were commonly associated with HRQoL of elderly people (p &lt; .05). In urban areas, household type and charity activity were associated with HRQoL, in contrast, neighboring help was associated with HRQoL in rural areas (p &lt; .05). Based on the results of this study, multi-dimensional efforts considering personal, social, and environmental factors are necessary to improve HRQoL of the elderly. Furthermore, it implies that efforts should be made to ensure health equity through social support, or improvement of community factors considering regional characteristics.
CUMULATIVE ADVERSITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Dong Gabriella , Li Mengting 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The majority of studies on traumatic life events focus on posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, while less is known whether the cumulative exposure to traumatic events over the life course will deteriorate cognitive function. This study aims to investigate the association between lifetime traumatic events and cognitive function in an immigrant population. The data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE). Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a sample of 3,126 U.S. Chinese older adults in 2017-2019. Twelve types of traumatic events were assessed: physical assault, residential fires, sexual assault, miscarriage, abortion, imprisonment, being falsely accused, divorce, death of a loved one, being robbed, experiencing cancer, and being homeless. Cognitive function was measured through global cognition, episodic memory, working memory, processing speed, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Linear regression was performed. In our sample, the maximum traumatic events experienced by one participant are eight types. Older adults who experienced one additional personal event were associated with higher global cognition (b=0.101, SE=0.012), episodic memory (b=0.130, SE=0.016), working memory (b=0.151, SE=0.034), processing speed (b=1.709, SE=0.178), and MMSE (b=0.124, SE=0.057), while controlling for age, gender, income, and education. In contrast with earlier studies, we identified the positive relationships between traumatic events and cognition. Older adults who had prior experience with stressful life events could demonstrate an advantage over those without such an experience. Further studies could investigate how individuals would respond to stressful life events, and how their resilience mechanism would promote cognitive function.
LOSS OF HYPOXIA SIGNALING LIMITS SKELETAL MUSCLE RESPONSE TO AEROBIC EXERCISE IN AGING
Authors: Endo Yori , Li Bin , Udeh Kodi , Panayi Adriana C , Neppl Ron , Sinha Indranil 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Skeletal muscle function declines with aging. Physical activity improves muscle function, but may require upregulation of the hypoxia signalling pathway. In this study, we examine the effect of exercise on muscle function in young and old mice and explore the role of hypoxia pathway in mediating exercise-induced functional improvement. Young (3 months) and old (22-24 months) mice underwent either aerobic exercise training on a treadmill for 8 weeks (40 minutes per run, 3 times weekly, at 8 meters/min at a 15 degree inclination) or no exercise as a control. Maximum running speed and distance were measured pre- and post-exercise. Following training, there was a significant increase in both maximal speed (20%, p&lt;0.05) and distance (2.5 fold) running in young mice which exercised versus young control (p&lt;0.01). Old mice following exercise training did exhibit any improvement versus the old control group. Notably, protein levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), a critical regulator of hypoxia signalling, was 4.7-fold lower in the muscle of old mice after exercise as compared to young (p&lt;0.01). To evaluate further whether loss of hypoxia signaling limits response to exercise, we developed a mouse with an inducible, skeletal muscle specific ARNT knockout (ARNT mKO). ARNT mKO mice exhibited no improvement in either maximal running speed or distance following exercise training. In contrast, littermate controls, with normal ARNT levels, exhibited improvement in both maximal speed and distance running following exercise. Our results suggest that an aging-associated decline ARNT and hypoxia signalling may limit aerobic exercise benefits.
LIFESPAN AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN THE REGIONAL WHITE MATTER MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN CORPUS CALLOSUM
Authors: Lynn John , Anand Chaitali , Arshad Muzamil , Khatib Dalal , Stanley Jeffrey , Raz Naftali 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) connects homologous cortical structures across hemispheres and is the largest white matter tract in the human brain. Post-mortem studies suggest that CC myelination begins in infancy, reaches a plateau in the middle age, and declines in the later years. The latter is accompanied by myelin disruption and reduction in fiber density and diameter, i.e. changes in intra-/extracellular water space. We used multi-echo T2 imaging to estimate, via multi-exponential T2 relaxation of water, the myelin water fraction (MWF), a direct proxy for myelin content, and geometric mean T2 (geomT2IEW) that reflects water in the intra-/extracellular space, to investigate age differences in five CC regions covering its anterior to posterior span in 395 healthy individuals (7-85 years; 161M+235F). The general linear model analysis of MWF showed main effects of age and age-squared conditioned on interactions by CC region. Univariate polynomial regressions on three age groups (7-29, 30-59, and 60-85 years) revealed the overall quadratic association between age and MWF as mainly driven by the positive linear relationship in the youngest group and minimal differences in the remainder of the lifespan, save for two weak negative linear associations in the anterior/middle CC body. With geomT2, a main linear effect of age, and significant interactions between age and age-squared by region were observed. The positive linear association was especially prominent in the regions with greater fiber density. The results are consistent with CC myelination into adulthood and decreased axonal density and diameter but not prominent myelin degeneration in elderly individuals.
ATTITUDES AND PREFERENCES FOR ROBOT-LED PIANO COGNITIVE TRAINING: FEASIBILITY IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Mois George , Collette Bailley , Renzi-Hammond Lisa M , Boccanfuso Laura , Ramachandran Aditi , Gibson Paul , Emerson Kerstin G , Beer Jenay M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cognitive training has been shown to improve neural plasticity, increase cognitive reserve and reduce the risk of dementia in older adults. Specifically, learning to play the piano has been shown to be an engaging, multimodal form of cognitive training. However, accessing this form of cognitive training can pose a challenge for older adults. Socially assistive robots present a unique opportunity to increase access to user-tailored piano learning cognitive training. The present study utilized a robot-led four-week piano lesson feasibility intervention for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (N = 11; M= 74.64 ± 6.02 years of age; 72.72% female; 90.1% White/Caucasian). Cognitive Status was assessed during screening via the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, and after screening via the Mini-Mental State Exam and the CNS Vital Signs computerized test suite to measure cognitive domain-specific functioning. Perceptions and acceptance of the robot were measured using the Robotic Social Attributes Scale (RoSAS) and Technology Acceptance Scale. Cognitive function improved after four weeks of training in the verbal memory, executive function, reaction time and cognitive flexibility domains, and in the computed neurocognitive index score (p&lt;0.05). Survey data and qualitative interviews show that participants perceived the robot instructor as socially engaging, competent, useful, and easy to use. These results provide insight into the potential of SARs to facilitate cognitive training in the form of piano lessons, as well as recommendations for creating a suitable robot instructor for this application.
KYNURENINE, AN ENDOGENOUS AHR AGONIST, UPREGULATES CXCL12- AND HDAC3-TARGETING MIRNAS INHIBITING OSTEOGENESIS
Authors: Elmansi Ahmed M , Eisa Nada , Kondrikov Dmitry , Fulzele Sadanand , mcGee-Lawrence Meghan , Hamrick Mark , Isales Carlos , Hill William D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Osteoporosis is among the most debilitating disorders for aging men and women. Mechanisms underlying loss of bone mass and impaired fracture healing in aged population are not completely understood. Our lab and others reported increased levels of the oxidized tryptophan metabolite, kynurenine (Kyn), in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and interstitial fluid. Here, we report that Kyn significantly inhibits osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs likely via activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). KYN significantly downregulated mRNA levels of pro-osteogenic CXCL12 axis, including CXCL12, and its two main receptors CXCR4 and ACKR3. Secreted protein levels of CXCL12 were significantly reduced with KYN, and were rescued upon the use of AhR antagonist 3’,4’-dimethoxyflavone (DMF). Moreover, KYN upregulated levels of pro-aging and CXCL12-targeting miRNAs miR-29b-1-5p and miR-141-3p. Additionally, KYN significantly inhibited mRNA and protein levels of the epigenetic enzyme Hdac3 which is responsible for activating osteogenesis and inhibiting adipogenesis in BMSCs. Using mutagenesis and luciferase assays, we show evidence that miR-141-3p and miR-29b-1-5p directly target CXCL12 3’-UTR. We also show that miR-29b-1-5p directly targets Hdac3 explaining the significantly increased acetylation levels of H4 with KYN treatment. Finally, we show that mRNA levels of both KYN receptor AhR, and KYN-producing enzyme IDO-1 are regulated by CXCL12. We believe this data explains a novel mechanism of the bone aging phenotype and provides multiple potential clinical intervention targets for controlling osteoporosis.
GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO ACCELERATED BIOLOGICAL AGES PREDICTED BY BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS
Authors: Kuo Chia-Ling , Pilling Luke C , Liu Zuyun , Levine Morgan E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Biological ages predicted by biochemical markers (biomarkers) outperform other measures in predicting a variety of aging outcomes. Several have been developed in recent studies, and there is evidence that each may independently predict mortality. While the included biomarkers are disease-associated, it is unclear what aspects of aging are captured. We aimed to understand and quantify genetic predisposition to accelerated biological ages, determined based on two measures, PhenoAge (9 biomarkers plus chronological age, Levine et al. 2018) and BioAge (7 biomarkers plus chronological age, Levine 2013). We performed genome-wide scans using the UK Biobank data (n=107,460 for PhenoAge, n=98,446 for BioAge). The SNP-based (single nucleotide polymorphism) heritability estimates were 14.45% and 12.39% for PhenoAge and BioAge, respectively. Both shared the strongest signal in the APOE region, with opposite associations with e2 and e4 alleles. e2 was associated with younger BioAge but older PhenoAge. e4 was associated with older BioAge but younger PhenoAge. BioAge was highly genetically correlated with its element of systolic blood pressure (rg=0.84) and the genetic correlation between PhenoAge and red blood cell distribution width was 0.65. Previous genome-wide association study findings of the top hits suggest that BioAge mostly captures cardiac aging but PhenoAge has more to do with inflammatory aging. The results are consistent with SNP clusters by associations with a broad range of aging traits, including an independent cluster with SNPs near the APOE. Genetic risk scores will be created to quantify the genetic predisposition and will be tested for associations with numerous aging traits.
IS THERE AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AND FRAILTY IN OLDER VETERANS WITH DIABETES?
Authors: Mahjabin Jahan E , Baskaran Dhanya , Lewis Christopher , Baldivieso Valeria C , Wohlgemuth William , Ruiz Jorge G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a highly prevalent disease, where incidence increases with age. Individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity are at risk of OSA increasing the risk of frailty. A retrospective chart review was conducted to study the association between OSA and frailty in older diabetic Veterans. Baseline polysomnography data for 91 patients ≥ 65 years was obtained from the electronic health records at the Miami VA Medical Center. Patients were screened for frailty from January 2016 to August 2017, and followed until October 2018. Patients were then dichotomized into frail (Frailty Index (FI) ≥.21) and non-frail (robust FI =&lt;.10 and pre-frail FI ≥.10, &lt;.21) groups. The mean participant age is 70.9 years, with (SD) of 4.8. The mean age for the frail group is 71.1 years, with a SD of 5.2. Mean age for the non-frail group is 70.5 years, with a SD of 4.2. Linear regression demonstrated a significant positive linear relationship between BMI (t=2.096 p-value= .039) and the frailty index. In binomial logistic regression, adjusting for covariates, BMI was associated with increased apnea severity (OR=1.139, 95% CI= 1.044-1.241), p=.003. However, no significant association was found between FI and apnea severity. The severity of OSA based on the Apnea-Hypopnea Index had no significant association with frailty status. However, the study demonstrated a significant association between obesity and frailty, where higher BMI coincided with higher frailty. Increasing BMI coincided with increased severity of OSA, suggesting that BMI acts as a possible confounder between frailty and OSA.
METABOLOMICS PROFILING OF MUSCLE FAT DEPOSITION IN AGING: RESULTS FROM THE HEALTH ABC STUDY
Authors: Farsijani Samaneh , Marron Megan M , Miljkovic Iva , Baugh Mary E , Kritchevsky Stephen , Newman Anne B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Age-related inter-muscular fat (IMF) deposition is associated with poor physical function in those with preserved/high muscle mass. However, the heterogeneity of IMF in aging is poorly understood. We used a semi-targeted metabolomics approach to: 1) determine the metabolites associated with IMF infiltration in aging; and 2) establish a model to predict IMF using the metabolome. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 314 African-American men (age: 69-79 years) from the Health ABC study at baseline. Mid-thigh IMF area (cm2, by CT) and 350 plasma metabolites (by liquid-chromatography/mass spectrometry) were measured. Correlation analysis was performed to determine metabolites associated with IMF. An IMF prediction model was calculated, using regression analysis with 10-fold cross-validations on random halves of the population with metabolites, age and weight as predictors. Results: Of 161 metabolites correlated with IMF (P&lt;0.05), 34 remained significant after adjusting for age, weight, physical activity, medications, smoking and multiple comparisons (false discovery rate ≤0.25). IMF-associated metabolites were primarily lipids (76%) and amino acids (15%). Most metabolites were positively correlated with IMF (94%), with the exception of mevalonic acid (from fatty acids sub-class) and glutamine (from organic-acids) which were negatively associated with IMF. IMF-associated metabolites predicted 49% of the variability in the actual IMF in the test set of the random half of the population (50%, n= 144). Conclusion: Identification of the unique metabolomics features associated with IMF may improve our understanding of key biological alterations of muscle during aging.