bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topology-transport correspondence in silicene under the modulation of electric and antiferromagnetic fields
Authors: Xu Yafang , Li Xiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The low-buckled material silicene undergoes abundant topological phase transitions under external fields. The applications in transport related to the topological properties remain the focus of attention. Utilizing the Berry curvature formula and Boltzmann transport equation, we investigate the spin- and valley-dependent anomalous Nernst effect in silicene, which is subjected to the antiferromagnetic field and perpendicular electric field. The results reveal that the antiferromagnetic field can be used to modulate the pure spin Nernst current; the pure valley Nernst current appears only when electric field exists; the charge Nernst current needs both fields. It is found that the inflection points on the Nernst conductivity correspond exactly to the phase transformation boundary. In the quantum spin Hall (QSH) phase, the spin beam splitting can be realized, in the quantum valley Hall (QVH) phase, the valley beam is split, and in the spin-polarized quantum anomalous Hall (SQAH) phase, the single spin and valley beam can be collected. These findings related to topology are expected to facilitate some applications in spin and valley caloritronics and thermal logical devices.
Generalized maximal entropy argument for the gravity law in human mobility
Authors: Lee Ji-Hye , Won Kim Jong , Lee Keumsook , Choi M. Y. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, we elaborate on the entropy argument for the trip-chain distribution and derive the unconstrained gravity model. From the most probable trip-chain configurations under the global constraints of the mean trip-chain length as well as the cost, the resulting flow is shown to follow the gravity law. We apply the model to assess the passenger flow in Seoul public transportation system. With the trip-chain cost taking into account the loss from trip time as well as the gain from visiting, the flow is estimated well from the numbers of departing and arriving passengers. It is thus concluded that the gravity model in general can be rationalized through the single paradigm of maximal entropy.
Sensitivity to strains and defects for manipulating the conductivity of graphene
Authors: Sahalianov I. Yu. , Radchenko T. M. , Tatarenko V. A. , Cuniberti G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Implementing the quantum-mechanical Kubo-Greenwood formalism for the numerical calculation of dc conductivity, we demonstrate that the electron transport properties of a graphene layer can be tailored through the combined effect of defects (point and line scatterers) and strains (uniaxial tension and shear), which are commonly present in a graphene sample due to the features of its growth procedure and when the sample is used in devices. Motivated by two experimental works (He X. et al. Appl. Phys. Lett., 104 (2014) 243108; 105 (2014) 083108), where authors did not observe the transport gap even at large (22.5% of tensile and 16.7% of shear) deformations, we explain possible reasons, emphasizing on graphene's strain and defect sensing. The strain- and defect-induced electron-hole asymmetry and anisotropy of conductivity, and its nonmonotony as a function of deformation suggest perspectives for the strain-defect engineering of electrotransport properties of graphene and related 2D materials.
Rock-paper-scissors models with a preferred mobility direction
Authors: Avelino P. P. , de Oliveira B. F. , Silva J. V. O. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We investigate a modified spatial stochastic Lotka-Volterra formulation of the rock-paper-scissors model using off-lattice stochastic simulations. In this model one of the species moves preferentially in a specific direction —the level of preference being controlled by a noise strength parameter

(

and

corresponding to total preference and no preference, respectively)— while the other two species have no preferred direction of motion. We study the behaviour of the system starting from random initial conditions, showing that the species with asymmetric mobility has always an advantage over its predator. We also determine the optimal value of the noise strength parameter which gives the maximum advantage to that species. Finally, we find that the critical number of individuals, below which the probability of extinction becomes significant, decreases as the noise level increases, thus showing that the addition of a preferred mobility direction studied in the present letter does not favour coexistence.
Underlining possible effects of Coriolis acceleration in experiments with a Mössbauer source
Authors: Benedetto Elmo , Briscione Antonio , Iovane Gerardo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years it seems that, by measuring the transverse Doppler effect in experiments with a Mössbauer source, we observe a higher blue-shift compared to that provided by the standard relativistic time dilation. If this experimental measure will be officially recognized by the scientific community, we believe that the correct explanation must be sought within Einstein's General Relativity theory. Having this in mind, the aim of this paper is to suggest a possible interpretation of the experimental results. We immediately emphasize that ours is only an idea and does not claim to be certainly the correct explanation in the case in which the experimental data will be confirmed.
Spin and charge Kondo effects in capacitively coupled double quantum dots
Authors: Sun F. L. , Wei J. H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We investigate low-temperature spin and charge (orbital) Kondo effect of capacitively hierarchical equations of motion. In a charge stability diagram at finite interdot Coulomb repulsion, a line between triple points (LBTP) serves as the degeneracy of charge configuration states. With one electron difference on each dot, these charge configuration states can be regarded as pseudospins. It is shown that charge can also screen its counterpart through the high-order process using tunnelling-coupled reservoirs. In the charge configuration regime

, in addition to the spin Kondo effect, the degeneracy and detuning of charge configuration states

and

may also cause a charge Kondo resonance that agrees with the experiments on triple-peak structures with differential conductance.
Reduced Muscle Strength Is Associated With Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Osteoarthritis
Authors: Zaharia Oana Patricia , Pesta Dominik Hans , Bobrov Pavel , Kupriyanova Yuliya , Herder Christian , Karusheva Yanislava , Bódis Kálmán , Bönhof Gidon Josia , Knitza Johannes , Simon David , Kleyer Arnd , Hwang Jong-Hee , Müssig Karsten , Ziegler Dan , Burkart Volker , Schett Georg , Roden Michael , Szendroedi Julia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Type 2 diabetes is associated with a greater risk for musculoskeletal disorders, yet its impact on joint function remains unclear.

Objective
We hypothesized that patients with type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis would exhibit musculoskeletal impairment, which would associate with insulin resistance and distinct microRNA profiles.

Methods
Participants of the German Diabetes Study with type 2 diabetes (T2D, n = 39) or normal glucose tolerance (CON, n = 27), both with (+OA) or without osteoarthritis (-OA) underwent intravenous glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp tests. Musculoskeletal function was assessed by isometric knee extension strength (KES), grip strength, range of motion (ROM), and balance skills, while neural function was measured by nerve conductance velocity (NCV). Arthritis-related symptoms were quantified using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire, serum arthritis-related microRNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Insulin sensitivity was lower in T2D+OA vs T2D-OA (4.4 ± 2.0 vs 5.7 ± 3.0 mg* kg–1*min–1) and in CON+OA vs CON-OA (8.1 ± 2.0 vs 12.0 ± 2.6 mg*kg–1,*min–1, both P &lt; .05). In T2D+OA, KES and ROM were 60% and 22% lower than in CON+OA, respectively (both P &lt; .05). Insulin sensitivity correlated positively with KES (r = 0.41, P &lt; .05) among T2D, and negatively with symptom severity in CON and T2D (r = –0.60 and r = –0.46, respectively, P &lt; .05). CON+OA and T2D+OA had inferior balance skills than CON-OA, whereas NCV was comparable in T2D+OA and T2D-OA. Expression of arthritis-related microRNAs was upregulated in T2D compared to CON, but downregulated in CON+OA compared to CON-OA (P &lt; .05), and did not differ between T2D+OA and T2D-OA.

Conclusion
Musculoskeletal impairment and osteoarthritis-related symptoms are associated with insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes can mask changes in arthritis-related microRNA profiles.
Plasmatic and Urinary 5-Hydroxyindolacetic Acid Measurements in Patients With Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors: A GTE Study
Authors: de Mestier Louis , Savagner Frédérique , Brixi Hedia , Do Cao Christine , Dominguez-Tinajero Sophie , Roquin Guillaume , Goichot Bernard , Hentic Olivia , Dubreuil Olivier , Hautefeuille Vincent , Walter Thomas , Cadiot Guillaume 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Although 24-hour urinary 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (24u5HIAA) is a key biomarker in midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), it may be inaccurate and inconvenient.

Objective
We compared the diagnostic performances of 24u5HIAA, overnight urinary 5HIAA (Ou5HIAA), and plasmatic 5HIAA (p5HIAA) in midgut NETs.

Methods
This prospective, multicenter study included 80 patients with metastatic midgut NETs and 17 control patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 24u5HIAA, Ou5HIAA, and p5HIAA were measured in urine and plasma collected on 2 consecutive days following a specific recommended diet. Reproducibility of the biomarkers was evaluated by the Spearman test. Diagnostic performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Correlations with the main clinical features and declared observance to the specific diet were assessed using AUROC and logistic regression models.

Results
The reproducibility of 24u5HIAA, Ou5HIAA, and p5HIAA were excellent (ρ = 0.916; 0.897; 0.978, respectively, P &lt; .001) with significant discrimination between patients and controls (AUROC = 0.795, P &lt; .001; 0.757, P = .001; 0.717, P = .005, respectively). All 3 markers were correlated with the presence of carcinoid syndrome (AUROC = 0.702, P = .006; 0.701, P = .006; 0.697, P = .007, respectively), carcinoid heart disease (AUROC = 0.896; 0.887; 0.923, P &lt; .001, respectively, P &lt; .001), and liver metastatic involvement greater than 30% (AUROC = 0.827; 0.807; 0.849, P &lt; .001, respectively, P &lt; .001), independent from other traditional prognostic factors. Biomarker levels were similar between patients with optimal or suboptimal diet observance.

Conclusion
Ou5HIAA and p5HIAA could be used as more convenient alternatives to 24u5HIAA in patients with metastatic midgut NETs. Prospective long-term studies with repeated dosages are needed.
TLR4-Associated IRF-7 and NFκB Signaling Act as a Molecular Link Between Androgen and Metformin Activities and Cytokine Synthesis in the PCOS Endometrium
Authors: Hu Min , Zhang Yuehui , Li Xin , Cui Peng , Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda Nancy , Brännström Mats , Shao Linus R , Billig Håkan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Low-grade chronic inflammation is commonly seen in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the endometrium.

Objective
This work aimed to increase the limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying cytokine synthesis and increased endometrial inflammation in PCOS patients.

Methods
Endometrial biopsy samples were collected from non-PCOS (n = 17) and PCOS (n = 22) patients either during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle or with hyperplasia. Endometrial explants were prepared from PCOS patients and underwent pharmacological manipulation in vitro. The expression and localization of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/4, key elements of innate immune signal transduction and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathways, and multiple cytokines were comprehensively evaluated by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence in endometrial tissues.

Results
We demonstrated the distribution of protein expression and localization associated with the significantly increased androgen receptor, TLR2, and TLR4-mediated activation of interferon regulatory factor-7 (IRF-7) and NFκB signaling, cytokine production, and endometrial inflammation in PCOS patients compared to non-PCOS patients with and without endometrial hyperplasia. In vitro experiments showed that 5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) enhanced androgen receptor, TLR4, IRF-7, and p-NFκB p65 protein expression along with increased interferon α (IFNα) and IFNɣ abundance. The effects of DHT on IRF-7, p-NFκB p65, and IFN abundance were abolished by flutamide, an antiandrogen. Although 17β-estradiol (E2) decreased p-IRF-7 expression with little effect on TLR-mediated IRF7 and NFκB signaling or on cytokine protein levels, exposure to metformin alone or in combination with E2 suppressed interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), p-IRF-7, IRF-7, IκB kinase α (IKKα), p-NFκB p65, IFNɣ, and tumor necrosis factor α protein expression.

Conclusion
Cytokine synthesis and increased endometrial inflammation in PCOS patients are coupled to androgen-induced TLR4/IRF-7/NFκB signaling, which is inhibited by metformin treatment.
Blood and synovial fluid calprotectin as biomarkers to diagnose chronic hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Grzelecki Dariusz , Walczak Piotr , Szostek Marta , Grajek Aleksandra , Rak Stanisław , Kowalczewski Jacek 
Published: December 2020

Aims Calprotectin (CLP) is produced in neutrophils and monocytes and released into body fluids as a result of inflammation or infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of blood and synovial CLP in the diagnosis of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Methods Blood and synovial fluid samples were collected prospectively from 195 patients undergoing primary or revision hip and knee arthroplasty. Patients were divided into five groups: 1) primary total hip and knee arthroplasty performed due to idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA; n = 60); 2) revision hip and knee arthroplasty performed due to aseptic failure of the implant (AR-TJR; n = 40); 3) patients with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic PJI awaiting surgery (n = 45); 4) patients who have finished the first stage of the PJI treatment with the use of cemented spacer and were qualified for replantation procedure (SR-TJR; n = 25), and 5) patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing primary total hip and knee arthroplasty (RA; n = 25). CLP concentrations were measured quantitatively in the blood and synovial fluid using an immunoturbidimetric assay. Additionally, blood and synovial CRP, blood interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ESR were measured, and a leucocyte esterase (LE) strip test was performed. Results Patients with PJI had higher CLP concentrations than those undergoing aseptic revision in blood (median PJI 2.14 mg/l (interquartile range (IQR) 1.37 to 3.56) vs AR-TJR 0.66 mg/l (IQR 0.3 to 0.83); p < 0.001) and synovial fluid samples (median PJI 20.46 mg/l (IQR 14.3 to 22.36) vs AR-TJR 0.7 mg/l (IQR 0.41 to 0.95); p < 0.001). With a cut-off value of 1.0 mg/l, blood CLP showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 93.3%, 87.5%, 89.4%, and 92.1%, respectively. For synovial fluid with a cut-off value of 1.5 mg/l, these were 95.6%, 95%, 95.5%, and 95%, respectively. Conclusion This small study suggests that synovial and blood CLP are useful markers in chronic PJI diagnosis with similar or higher sensitivity and specificity than routinely used markers such as CRP, ESR, IL-6, and LE. CLP was not useful to differentiate patients with PJI from those with rheumatoid arthritis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):46–55.
The influence of total knee arthroplasty design on kneeling kinematics: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lynch Joseph T. , Perriman Diana M. , Scarvell Jennie M. , Pickering Mark R. , Galvin Catherine R. , Neeman Teresa , Smith Paul N. 
Published: December 2020

Aims Modern total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prostheses are designed to restore near normal kinematics including high flexion. Kneeling is a high flexion, kinematically demanding activity after TKA. The debate about design choice has not yet been informed by six-degrees-of-freedom in vivo kinematics. This prospective randomized clinical trial compared kneeling kinematics in three TKA designs. Methods In total, 68 patients were randomized to either a posterior stabilized (PS-FB), cruciate-retaining (CR-FB), or rotating platform (CR-RP) design. Of these patients, 64 completed a minimum one year follow-up. Patients completed full-flexion kneeling while being imaged using single-plane fluoroscopy. Kinematics were calculated by registering the 3D implant models onto 2D-dynamic fluoroscopic images and exported for analysis. Results CR-FB designs had significantly lower maximal flexion (mean 116° (SD 2.1°)) compared to CR-RP (123° (SD 1.6°)) and PS-FB (125° (SD 2.1°)). The PS-FB design displayed a more posteriorly positioned femur throughout flexion. Furthermore, the CR-RP femur was more externally rotated throughout kneeling. Finally, individual patient kinematics showed high degrees of variability within all designs. Conclusion The increased maximal flexion found in the PS-FB and CR-RP designs were likely achieved in different ways. The PS-FB design uses a cam-post to hold the femur more posteriorly preventing posterior impingement. The external rotation within the CR-RP design was surprising and hasn’t previously been reported. It is likely due to the polyethylene bearing being decoupled from flexion. The findings of this study provide insights into the function of different knee arthroplasty designs in the context during deep kneeling and provide clinicians with a more kinematically informed choice for implant selection and may allow improved management of patients' functional expectations. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(1):105–112.
Vertebrate-Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera)-arbovirus transmission networks: Non-human feeding revealed by meta-barcoding and next-generation sequencing
Authors: Estrada-Franco José Guillermo , Fernández-Santos Nadia A. , Adebiyi Adeniran A. , López-López María de J. , Aguilar-Durán Jesús A. , Hernández-Triana Luis M. , Prosser Sean W. J. , Hebert Paul D. N. , Fooks Anthony R. , Hamer Gabriel L. , Xue Ling , Rodríguez-Pérez Mario A. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Aedes aegypti mosquito-borne viruses including Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) have emerged and re-emerged globally, resulting in an elevated burden of human disease. Aedes aegypti is found worldwide in tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate areas. The characterization of mosquito blood meals is essential to understand the transmission dynamics of mosquito-vectored pathogens.

Methodology/principal findings
Here, we report Ae. aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus host feeding patterns and arbovirus transmission in Northern Mexico using a metabarcoding-like approach with next-generation deep sequencing technology. A total of 145 Ae. aegypti yielded a blood meal analysis result with 107 (73.8%) for a single vertebrate species and 38 (26.2%) for two or more. Among the single host blood meals for Ae. aegypti, 28.0% were from humans, 54.2% from dogs, 16.8% from cats, and 1.0% from tortoises. Among those with more than one species present, 65.9% were from humans and dogs. For Cx. quinquefasciatus, 388 individuals yielded information with 326 (84%) being from a single host and 63 (16.2%) being from two or more hosts. Of the single species blood meals, 77.9% were from dogs, 6.1% from chickens, 3.1% from house sparrows, 2.4% from humans, while the remaining 10.5% derived from other 12 host species. Among those which had fed on more than one species, 11% were from dogs and humans, and 89% of other host species combinations. Forage ratio analysis revealed dog as the most over-utilized host by Ae. aegypti (= 4.3) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (= 5.6) and the human blood index at 39% and 4%, respectively. A total of 2,941 host-seeking female Ae. aegypti and 3,536 Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were collected in the surveyed area. Of these, 118 Ae. aegypti pools and 37 Cx. quinquefasciatus pools were screened for seven arboviruses (ZIKV, DENV 1–4, CHIKV, and West Nile virus (WNV)) using qRT-PCR and none were positive (point prevalence = 0%). The 95%-exact upper limit confidence interval was 0.07% and 0.17% for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively

Conclusions/significance
The low human blood feeding rate in Ae. aegypti, high rate of feeding on mammals by Cx. quinquefasciatus, and the potential risk to transmission dynamics of arboviruses in highly urbanized areas of Northern Mexico is discussed.
Virologic and immunologic outcomes of treatment with integrase inhibitors in a real-world setting: The RESPOND cohort consortium
Authors: Neesgaard Bastian , Mocroft Amanda , Zangerle Robert , Wit Ferdinand , Lampe Fiona , Günthard Huldrych F. , Necsoi Coca , Law Matthew , Mussini Cristina , Castagna Antonella , Monforte Antonella d’Arminio , Pradier Christian , Chkhartisvilli Nikoloz , Reyes-Uruena Juliana , Vehreschild Jörg Janne , Wasmuth Jan-Christian , Sönnerborg Anders , Stephan Christoph , Greenberg Lauren , Llibre Josep M. , Volny-Anne Alain , Peters Lars , Pelchen-Matthews Annegret , Vannappagari Vani , Gallant Joel , Rieger Armin , Youle Mike , Braun Dominique , De Wit Stephane , Petoumenos Kathy , Borghi Vanni , Spagnuolo Vincenzo , Tsertsvadze Tengiz , Lundgren Jens , Ryom Lene ,   for The RESPOND study group
Published: December 2020

Objectives
To compare virologic and immunologic outcomes of integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-containing, contemporary boosted protease inhibitor (PI/b)-containing and non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing regimens in a real-life setting.

Methods
Using logistic regression, virologic and immunologic outcomes of INSTI use were compared to outcomes of PI/b or NNRTI treatment 12 months after treatment start or switch, for participants in the RESPOND cohort consortium. A composite treatment outcome (cTO) was used, defining success as viral load (VL) <200 copies/mL and failure as at least one of: VL ≥200 copies/mL, unknown VL in the time window, any changes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, AIDS, or death. In addition, on-treatment analysis including only individuals with known VL and no regimen changes was performed. Favorable immunologic response was defined as a 25% increase in CD4 count or as reaching ≥750 CD4 cells/μL.

Results
Between January 2012 and January 2019, 13,703 (33.0% ART-naïve) individuals were included, of whom 7,147 started/switched to a regimen with an INSTI, 3,102 to a PI/b and 3,454 to an NNRTI-containing regimen. The main reason for cTO failure in all treatment groups were changes in ART regimen. Compared to INSTIs, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of cTO success was significantly lower for PI/b (0.74 [95% confidence interval, CI 0.67–0.82], p <0.001), but similar for NNRTIs (1.07 [CI 0.97–1.17], p = 0.11). On-treatment analysis and sensitivity analyses using a VL cut-off of 50 copies/mL were consistent. Compared to INSTIs, the aORs of a 25% increase in CD4 count were lower for NNRTIs (0.80 [CI 0.71–0.91], p<0.001) and PI/b (0.87 [CI 0.76–0.99], p = 0.04).

Conclusion
In this large analysis of a real-world population, cTO and on-treatment success were similar between INSTIs and NNRTIs, but lower for PI/b, though residual confounding cannot be fully excluded. Obtaining favorable immunologic outcomes were more likely for INSTIs than the other drug classes.