bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Heat on Daily Police, Medical, and Fire Dispatches in Boston, Massachusetts: Relative Risk and Time-Series Analyses
Authors: Williams Augusta A. , Allen Joseph G. , Catalano Paul J. , Buonocore Jonathan J. , Spengler John D. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives. To examine the impact of extreme heat on emergency services in Boston, MA. Methods. We conducted relative risk and time series analyses of 911 dispatches of the Boston Police Department (BPD), Boston Emergency Medical Services (BEMS), and Boston Fire Department (BFD) from November 2010 to April 2014 to assess the impact of extreme heat on emergency services. Results. During the warm season, there were 2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0%, 5%) more BPD dispatches, 9% (95% CI = 7%, 12%) more BEMS dispatches, and 10% (95% CI = 5%, 15%) more BFD dispatches on days when the maximum temperature was 90°F or higher, which remained consistent when we considered multiple days of heat. A 10°F increase in daily maximum temperature, from 80° to 90°F, resulted in 1.016, 1.017, and 1.002 times the expected number of daily BPD, BEMS, and BFD dispatch calls, on average, after adjustment for other predictors. Conclusions. The burden of extreme heat on local emergency medical and police services may be agency-wide, and impacts on fire departments have not been previously documented. Public Health Implications. It is important to account for the societal burden of extreme heat impacts to most effectively inform climate change adaptation strategies and planning.
New Systematic Therapies and Trends in Cutaneous Melanoma Deaths Among US Whites, 1986–2016
Authors: Berk-Krauss Juliana , Stein Jennifer A. , Weber Jeffrey , Polsky David , Geller Alan C. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives. To determine the effect of new therapies and trends toward reduced mortality rates of melanoma. Methods. We reviewed melanoma incidence and mortality among Whites (the group most affected by melanoma) in 9 US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry areas that recorded data between 1986 and 2016. Results. From 1986 to 2013, overall mortality rates increased by 7.5%. Beginning in 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration approved 10 new treatments for metastatic melanoma. From 2013 to 2016, overall mortality decreased by 17.9% (annual percent change [APC] = −6.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −8.7%, −3.7%) with sharp declines among men aged 50 years or older (APC = −8.3%; 95% CI = −12.2%, −4.1%) starting in 2014. This recent, multiyear decline is the largest and most sustained improvement in melanoma mortality ever observed and is unprecedented in cancer medicine. Conclusions. The introduction of new therapies for metastatic melanoma was associated with a significant reduction in population-level mortality. Future research should focus on developing even more effective treatments, identifying biomarkers to select patients most likely to benefit, and renewing emphasis on public health approaches to reduce the number of patients with advanced disease.
On the Competitive Mechanism Concerning the Third-Party Transaction in Chinese Market
Authors: Chen Shaogang , Chen Xianle , Jing Yanfei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper seeks to position the third-party transaction (TPT) in the macrostructure of Chinese market in terms of Concentration Ratio and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. By extending both Cournot oligopolistic and Stackelberg oligopolistic competition models, a new oligopolistic competition model is established for China’s TPT market. Based on multidimensional game, a pricing game model is theorized accordingly to elucidate the TPT platform. The influence of various factors on the price of the TPT platform is verified with numerical simulation. The formation of monopoly is an inevitable consequence of the “one superpower and multi powers” market structure given the unregulated development of TPT enterprises as the prerequisite. In addition, through the studies on telecom payment market, such unregulated development can also cause the “big-three” domination for the TPT enterprises in the “multi powers” market structure. Based on our modelizations, this paper serves to provide prospect recommendations for policy-making of state supervision authorities.
Spectrophotometric and Reverse Flow Injection Method Determination of Nitrazepam in Pharmaceuticals Using O-Coumaric Acid as a New Chromogenic Reagent
Authors: Abed Sadeem Subhi 
Published: March 2020

A spectrophotometric- reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) method has been proposed for the determination of Nitrazepam (NIT) in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based upon the coupling reaction of NIT with a new reagent O-Coumaric acid (OCA) in the presence of sodium periodate in an aqueous solution. The blue color product was measured at 632 nm. The variation (chemical and physical parameters) related with reverse flow system were estimated. The linearity was over the range 15 - 450 µg/mL of NIT with detection limits and limit of quantification of 3.425 and 11.417 µg mL-1 NIT,respectively. The sample throughput of 28 samples per hour was achieved. Suggested method was successfully applied for the determination of NIT in its dosage forms.
The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher Scale (CLES+T): psychometric properties measured in the context of postgraduate nursing education
Authors: Ozga Dorota , Gutysz-Wojnicka Aleksandra , Lewandowski Bogumił , Dobrowolska Beata 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background . The Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision and Nurse Teacher Scale ( CLES+T) instrument is internationally used for the evaluation of clinical learning environment in undergraduate nursing education. However, no evidence is available on the possible applications of this instrument in the context of postgraduate nursing education. Purpose . To examine the basic psychometric properties of CLES+T in the context of clinical postgraduate nursing education in Poland. Methods . Study among a sample of 417 nurses participating in the clinical postgraduate training in Poland. Results . Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale was 0.97. A five-factor structure was confirmed in accordance with the assumptions adopted by the authors of the original version of the scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the Polish version of the CLES+T subscales ranged from 0.83 ( Nursing care on the ward ) to 0.95 ( The content of supervisory relationship ). The mean results for individual subscales ranged from 4.52±0.63 for nursing care on the ward to 4.73±0.45 for role of the nurse teacher . Conclusions . Having shown satisfactory psychometric properties, CLES+T can be considered a useful instrument to assess those elements of clinical learning environment which are important for the assurance of education quality at the postgraduate level.
Royal Jelly ameliorates 6-mercaptopurine induced spermatogenesis impairment and testicular apoptosis by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway in male rats
Authors: Hashem khalid , Abdelazem Ahmed Z. , Abdelbaky Naglaa W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Testicular apoptosis is an obvious adverse effect of many chemotherapeutic agents.one of these chemotherapeutic drugs is 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) which has a powerful anticancer effect. On the contrary, it has an adverse effect on the male reproductive system. This study aimed to evaluate the prospective ameliorative effects of Royal Jelly (RJ) on 6MP induced testicular apoptosis and investigate the mechanistic pathway of protection. For this aim, forty male adult albino rats were divided into four equal groups (n= 10): control rats, RJ group (200 mg/kg.b.wt. of RJ for 30 day P.o.), 6MP group (5 mg/kg.b.wt of 6MP for 20 day P.o.), and RJ+6MP group pretreated with RJ (200 mg/kg.b.wt. for 10 day P.o.), and continued with 6MP (5 mg/kg.b.wt, P.o) for 20 day. After 30 days blood samples, epididymis and testis were collected to investigate sex hormones, sperm parameters, histological and molecular changes of testicular tissues, that include anti-oxidants activity, caspase-3, TNF-α, gene expression of Androgen receptors (AR) and P53 also protein concentration of PI3K, AKT, Nrf2 and HO1were estimated. The results of our study revealed that Pretreatment of Royal Jelly (RJ) abrogated 6MP induced spermatogenesis impairment by ameliorating sperm count, motility and morphology, regulating AR mRNA expression and sex hormones levels. RJ ameliorated testicular damage of 6MP exposed rats through restoring testicular antioxidant/oxidative redox, inhibiting caspase-3 activity and P53 mRNA expression as well as regulation of PI3K, AKT, Nrf2 and HO1 protein levels. Our data concluded that RJ protected testicular tissue from 6MP induced apoptosis by regulation PI3K/AKT pathway.
Association between strengths use and psychological adjustment to visual impairments among visually impaired individuals
Authors: Matsuguma Shinichiro , Kawashima Motoko , Ayaki Masahiko , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the association between strengths use and psychological adjustment to visual impairment. Fifty-nine visually impaired individuals (mean age: 49.3 ± 14.8 years; range: 22–82) were assessed using the Strengths Use Scale and the Japanese version of the Nottingham Adjustment Scale (anxiety/depression, self-esteem, attitude to disability, acceptance of disability, locus of control, and self-efficacy). The participants’ sociodemographic and their visual impairment-related information were also collected. A simple regression analysis of the Nottingham Adjustment Scale scores revealed that strengths use was significantly correlated with anxiety/depression, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and acceptance of VI, while multiple regression analyses identified strengths use as the most significant factor correlated with anxiety/depression, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Strengths use could be a promising means of facilitating better psychological adjustment to visual impairment, although further study is needed to examine the underlying mechanisms involved.
The effectiveness of full and partial travel bans against COVID-19 spread in Australia for travellers from China
Authors: Costantino Valentina , Heslop David , Macintyre Raina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Australia implemented a travel ban on China on February 1st 2020. Partial lifting of the ban is being considered, given the decline in incidence of COVID-19 in China. We modelled three scenarios to test the impact of travel bans on epidemic control in Australia. Scenario one was no ban, scenario two and three were the current ban followed by a full and partial lifting from the 8th of March 2020.Methods: We used disease incidence data from China and air travel passenger movements between China and Australia, derived from incoming passenger arrival cards. We estimated the true incidence of disease in China using data on expected proportion of under-ascertainment of cases. We modelled the epidemic in each scenario using an age specific deterministic model.Results: The modelled epidemic with the ban implementation fitted the observed incidence of cases well, predicting 57 cases on March 6th in Australia, compared to 66 observed on this date, however we did not account for imported cases from other countries. The modelled epidemic, without a travel ban implemented, would continue for more than a year resulting in more than 2000 cases and about 400 deaths. The impact of a partial lifting of a ban is minimal, and may be a policy option.Conclusions: Travel restrictions were highly effective for containing the COVID-19 epidemic in Australia and averted a much larger epidemic. This research can inform decisions on placing or lifting travel bans as a control measure for the COVID-19 epidemic.
Wild rice controls more root endophytic fungi than cultivated rice in the F1 offsprings after the crossbreeding
Authors: Tian Lei , Lin Xiaolong , Ji Li , Chang Jingjing , Li Xiujun , Tran Lam-Son Phan , Tian Chunjie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Rice, which serves as a staple food for more than half of the world’s population, has been planted all over the world. The hybridization of wild and cultivated rice has helped rice gain resistance to variable environmental conditions. Endophytic microbiomes have been known to be transferred along with the plants. However, the endophytic bacteria or fungi for the wild and cultivated rice, and their first crossbred generation have not been illustrated until now. Results: In this study, we systematically compared the endophytic microbial community structures of Asian and African wild and cultivated rice species with their F1 offsprings. Results showed that both African and Asian wild rice controls more root endophytic fungi than cultivated rice in their first generation after crossbreeding. Furthermore, network analysis of the bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units showed that Asian and African wild rice species can cluster and have more significant correlations than cultivated rice fungal species. The core bacterial species that connected wild rice with its F1 offsprings was Acidovorax, wherea the core bacterial species that linked cultivated rice to its F1 offsprings was Bradyrhizobium; and the core fungal species that can connect in wild rice and the F1 offsprings were Pleosporales, Myrothecium and Bullera, while the core fungal species that can connect in cultivated rice was those belonging to the Dendroclathra genus.Conclusions: This study may provide the theoretical significance of the endophytic bacteria and fungi for wild and cultivated rice along with their F1 offsprings.
Management of Small Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: An analysis of the US SEER Database and a Chinese Single-center Cohort
Authors: Ji Shunrong , Liu Mengqi , Ye Zeng , Xu Xiaowu , Yu Xianjun , Zhuo Qifeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background. Nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-pNETs) are often small, slow growing, clinically silent neoplasms. Currently, ‘wait-and-see’ policy is recommended by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) for NF-pNETs (<2 cm). But the scientific basis for such recommendation is scarce. Methods. Data of NF-pNETs cases were reviewed retrospectively from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database during 2004-2015. Statistic description and survival analysis were done. Patients who underwent surgery for NF-pNET in our center during 2010-2018 were identified and analyzed retrospectively. Results. 1828 NF-pNET with tumor size between 1-4cm were identified in SEER database. Observation was recommended for 172 patients (9.4%). 1656 patients received surgery. The observation group was significantly older and mainly with tumor located in pancreatic head. There was no survival difference between the two groups with NF-pNET ≤2 cm. Median survival time was significantly longer in surgery group with NF-pNET >2 cm. 143 NF-pNETs with tumor size between 1-4cm were identified in our center. Conclusion. In selected older patients, nonoperative management of asymptomatic small NF-pNETs is safe. Preoperative grading with EUS-FNA may be a good option for making practice decision. Larger and prospective multicentric studies with long-term follow-up are now needed to validate this wait-and-see policy.
Prognostic factors in thyroid cancer patients following surgical resection: a retrospective study of optimal care strategies for postoperative complications
Authors: Konno Hiroki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : This study analyzed the effects of four candidate prognostic factors on length of hospital stay among inpatients following thyroid cancer resection; specifically, age ≥ 45 years, cervical lymph node metastasis, impaired calcium metabolism, and postoperative hypothyroidism.Methods : This was a retrospective study reviewing 434 patients’ medical and claim records (n=434; male 21.0%/female 79.0%, age: 57.31±13.52). Results : Patients who met one of the four prognostic criteria were more likely to have a longer hospital stay using acute-care beds than corresponding cases negative for these criteria. Regression analysis indicated that patient’s length of hospital stay was increased with each factor by the following rates: 1) 14.57% if 45 years or older, 2) 26.24% if positive for cervical lymph node metastasis, 3) 28.79% if positive for impaired calcium metabolism, and 4) 29.95% if positive for postoperative hypothyroidism. Moreover, estimations of cumulative probability of length of hospital stay indicate that: 1) 26.6% of the age≥45 patient group is expected to be discharged by the 7 th day in contrast to 42.9% of age<45 patient group (91.0%,97.4% at 14 th day); 2) 16.1% of the cervical lymph node metastasis patient group is expected to be discharged by the 7 th day in contrast with 30.5% of non-patient group (83.9%,92.8% at 14 th day); 3) 14.8% of the impaired calcium metabolism patient group is expected to be discharged by the 7 th day in contrast with 30.5% of non-patient group (70.4%,93.6% at 14 th day), and 4) 21.4% of the postoperative hypothyroidism patient group is expected to be discharged by the 7 th day in contrast with 29.8% of non-patient group (71.4%,92.9% at 14 th day). Conclusions : Disorders of calcium metabolism and postoperative hypothyroidism were the most likely postoperative complications to occur, yet these are not identified as prognostic factors in the Diagnosis Procedure Combination / Per-Diem Payment System (DPC/PDPS) framework in Japan. The findings suggest that patients with these two conditions should receive care in beds of a lower, sub-acute category, and they should be quickly transferred to such beds or, if possible, to outpatient care.
A flexible valve based piezoelectric pump for high viscosity liquid transportation
Authors: Huang Jun , Li Kai , Zhang Jianhui , Liu Jiaming , Zhang Quan , Wang Yuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A piezoelectric pump with flexible valve has been developed to pump high viscosity liquid in various biomedical environments. The structure of the flexible valve is designed according to the characteristics of the human aortic shape which aims to simulate the bionic pumping function of the human heart. Dynamic stress-strain features of the flexible valve is analysed by the finite element method , and the results show that the proposed flexible valve is suitable and functional for the piezoelectric pump design. Then the cylinder and diffuser/nozzle piezoelectric pumps based on flexible valves have been developed and fabricated. The output performance experiments indicate that the maximum flow rate of the cylinder piezoelectric pump with flexible valve is 15.38 mL/min, which is 170.77% higher than the diffuser/nozzle piezoelectric pump with flexible valve. The outstanding ability of the cylinder piezoelectric pump with flexible valve for transmitting high viscosity liquid has been validated. Such advantages of the proposed piezoelectric pump with flexible valve made it featuring the potential application ability in living cells delivery, biomedical analysis system and fine chemical industry.
Transient visual acuity loss after spine surgery in prone position: A case report and literature review
Authors: Xiong Jun , Liang Guiling , Hu Liang , Chen Wei , Deng Jie , Gu Jun , Li Yushi , Wang Guoyi , Sun Yongxing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Visual loss after spine surgery in prone position is disastrous postoperative complication because it is almost irreversible. Meamwhile, there is no optimal treatments and recommended peofessional guidelines. Case presentation: A 43 years old male patient complained visual loss after spine surgery in prone position. Immediate ophthalmic consultation undoubtedly considered central retinal artery occlusion, therefore combined therapies were administered including neurotrophy, anticoagulation, vasodilation and adequate fluid infusion, followed by hyperbaric oxygen treatment. After active treatment, his visual acuity recovered from postoperative 5 hours gradually. Conclusion: Because there is shortage of efficacious treatment against visual loss after spine surgery in prone position, the best method avoiding this complication is to pay great attention and prevent it.
Intervention fidelity and its determinants of focused antenatal care package implementation, in South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Tessema Asressie Molla , Gebeyehu Abebaw , Mekonnen Solomon , Alemu Kassahun , Tigabu Zemene 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Evidences show that intervention packages at home-community setting are found to reduce neonatal mortality significantly. But millions of neonates are still dying by preventable causes with the implementation of these effective interventions. This might be due to evidence-practice gap. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the intervention fidelity and factors influencing focused antenatal care package. Methods:Cross-sectional study design was employed in this study. In the selected kebeles’, a total of 898 mothers who gave birth within six months before data collection, ten health posts with their health extension workers were employed. Interview-administered, self-administered and facility audit checklist were used for collecting data from all mothers, health extension workers and health posts respectively. Mothers were asked whether or not the required level of care were provided to them. Health extension workers & health posts were assessed for the competency and organizational drivers. Multilevel linear regression model were used to identify the possible moderating factors at individual and organizational level for intervention fidelity. Result: The overall weighted average focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity was 49.78% (95% CI: 47.73 – 51.83). The weighted average focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity by health extension workers was 62.02% (95% CI: 59.71 – 64.32) and skilled providers were 56.57% (95% CI: 53.94 – 59.19). The overall antenatal care coverage were 83.7% (95% CI: 81.28 – 86.12) with 34.97% (95% CI: of 31.56 – 38.39) of mothers received at least four antenatal visit and 6.12% (95% CI: 4.40-7.83) of them received all the recommended components of focused antenatal care. Previous maternal problem, paternal education and implementation of supportive/facilitation strategy were significant facilitators for focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity.Conclusion: In this study, focused antenatal care package intervention fidelity was low. This implies that the stagnation of neonatal mortality reduction might be partly due to the low focused antenatal care packages intervention fidelity. Paternal education and implementation of supportive/facilitation strategies were statistically significant facilitators of focused antenatal care intervention package fidelity. Therefore, improvement of implementation of facilitation strategy is recommended.