bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Utility of a Custom 34-Gene Anchored Multiplex PCR-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Fusion Panel for the Diagnosis of Bone and Soft Tissue Neoplasms With Identification of Novel USP6 Fusion Partners in Aneurysmal Bone Cysts
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. , Cheng Yu Wei , Tu Zheng Jin , Meyer Anders , Habeeb Omar , Zou Youran , Goldblum John R. , Billings Steven D. , Kilpatrick Scott E. , Reith John D. , Shurtleff Sheila A. , Farkas Daniel H. , Rubin Brian P. , Azzato Elizabeth M. 
Published: November 2020

Context.—
Bone and soft tissue tumors are heterogeneous, diagnostically challenging, and often defined by gene fusions.

Objective.—
To present our experience using a custom 34-gene targeted sequencing fusion panel.

Design.—
Total nucleic acid extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimens was subjected to open-ended, nested anchored multiplex polymerase chain reaction and enrichment of 34 gene targets, thus enabling detection of known and novel fusion partners.

Results.—
During a 12-month period, 147 patients were tested as part of routine clinical care. Tumor percentage ranged from 10% to 100% and turnaround time ranged from 3 to 15 (median, 7.9) days. The most common diagnostic groups were small round blue cell tumors, tumors of uncertain differentiation, fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors, and adipocytic tumors. In-frame fusion transcripts were identified in 64 of 142 cases sequenced (45%): in 62 cases, the detection of a disease-defining fusion confirmed the morphologic impression; in 2 cases, a germline TFG-GPR128 polymorphic fusion variant was detected. Several genes in the panel partnered with multiple fusion partners specific for different diagnoses, for example, EWSR1, NR4A3, FUS, NCOA2, and TFE3. Interesting examples are presented to highlight how fusion detection or lack thereof was instrumental in establishing accurate diagnoses. Novel fusion partners were detected for 2 cases of solid aneurysmal bone cysts (PTBP1-USP6, SLC38A2-USP6).

Conclusions.—
Multiplex detection of fusions in total nucleic acid purified from FFPE specimens facilitates diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors. This technology is particularly useful for morphologically challenging entities and in the absence of prior knowledge of fusion partners, and has the potential to discover novel fusion partners.
Global Pathology Training in Residency and Fellowship: A Mutually Beneficial Intervention
Authors: Goetz Lianna , Huggins Khadija , Greaves Wesley , Peters Tricia , Johncilla Melanie 
Published: November 2020

Context.—
Most cancers occur in lower and middle income countries, where pathologists are scarce. Despite this, few pathology training programs offer global health electives, and trainees are not exposed to challenges associated with practicing in resource-restricted settings.

Objective.—
To implement a global health elective model aimed at exposing trainees to global health while alleviating overburdened pathologists in resource-restricted settings.

Design.—
For 1 year, trainees at 2 US institutions reviewed cases shipped weekly from a pathology lab serving Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana. Turnaround time, specimen type, and trainee and clinician satisfaction were assessed.

Results.—
Trainees reviewed an average of 16 cases per week. Average turnaround time was 6 days. There was no significant difference between the turnaround time for the US trainees and the pathologist based in the lab in Trinidad. Trainees and clinicians reported a high level of satisfaction, and the collaboration was fruitful, resulting in the publication of a case report.

Conclusions.—
We demonstrate that collaboration between US trainees and laboratories in resource-restricted settings, in the form of a global health elective, is mutually beneficial.
Biomechanics of lower limb in badminton lunge: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Lam Wing-Kai , Wong Duo Wai-Chi , Lee Winson Chiu-Chun 
Published: November 2020

Background
Badminton is a popular sport activity in both recreational and elite levels. A lot of biomechanical studies have investigated badminton lunge, since good lunge performance may increase the chances to win the game. This review summarized the current trends, research methods, and parameters-of-interest concerning lower-extremity biomechanics in badminton lunges.

Methodology
Databases including Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed were searched from the oldest available date to September 2020. Two independent authors screened all the articles and 20 articles were eligible for further review. The reviewed articles compared the differences among playing levels, footwear designs, and lunge directions/variations, using parameters including ground reaction forces, plantar pressure distribution, kinematics, and kinetics.

Results
Elite badminton players demonstrated higher impact attenuation capability, more aggressive knee and ankle strategy (higher mechanical moment), and higher medial plantar load than amateur players. Footwear modifications can influence comfort perception and movement mechanics, but it remains inconclusive regarding how these may link with lunging performance. Contradicting findings in kinematics is possibly due to the variations in lunge and instructions.

Conclusions
Playing levels and shoe designs have significant effects on biomechanics in badminton lunges. Future studies can consider to use an unanticipated testing protocol and realistic movement intensity. They can study the inter-limb coordination as well as the contributions and interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to injury risk. Furthermore, current findings can stimulate further research studying whether some specific footwear materials with structural design could potentially compromise impact attenuation, proprioception, and performance.
Duration of hemodialysis associated with cardio-respiratory dysfunction and breathlessness: a multicenter study
Authors: Yuenyongchaiwat Kornanong , Vasinsarunkul Phatsara , Phongsukree Phoomipat , Chaturattanachaiyaporn Kodchaphan , Tritanon Opas 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundPatients with hemodialysis suffer with protein-energy wasting and uremic myopathy lead to lack of physical activity and poor functional performance. However, ventilation abnormality in patients undergone hemodialysis remains controversial regarding the respiratory impairment. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effect of duration of dialysis on respiratory function.MethodsA multicenter study with cross-sectional study was designed in four hemodialysis outpatient clinics. Respiratory muscle strength (i.e., maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP)) pulmonary function test (i.e., forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC ratio), functional capacity (6-minute walk test) and sensation of breathlessness were assessed prior to dialysis.ResultsA total of 100 hemodialysis patients were recruited with 38 females and 62 males. An average of duration of hemodialysis was 5.93± 4.96 years. Decreased MIP values, FEV1values, FVC values, %FEV1and %FVC were noted in patients with long duration of dialysis (defined as ≥ 5 years of dialysis) compared to those with short duration of dialysis (ps< .05). In addition, increased sensation of breathlessness was observed in patients with long duration of dialysis (p < .05). Furthermore, participants with long duration of dialysis had an increased risk of ventilatory restriction (OR 6.093,p = .007).
A Study on Sectorial Contribution of GDP in India from 2010 to 2019
Authors: Sabitha G. 
Published: November 2020

Aims: The GDP growth of Indian Economy had touched the six year low in the first financial quarter of April-June 2020. It touched 5.8% growth in January-March, although in nominal terms India’s GDP grew by 7.99% which is also lowest. This paper amid at studying the impact on key sectors bearing the brunt of Indian Economy slowdown is Agriculture, Automobile, Real Estate, and FMCG among others.
Study Design: Secondary data is used for the present study. The dependent variable in the study is GDP components and sectors are considered independent variables.
Place and Duration of Study: The data has been collected for the period 2015 to 2019. Data is related to contribution of sectors to Indian GDP is considered.
Methodology: GDP is measured by a number of components but in this study only Agriculture, Manufacturing, Construction, Mining, Public Administration and Utilities sectors, were selected as major components for the period selected for the study. Correlation and Multiple regressions have been used to analyze the collected data.
Results: Coefficient of agriculture parameter tells dependability of agriculture sector on GDP. Simultaneously manufacturing, public administration and utilities have positively dependability on GDP. Whereas mining sector that tells about no dependability of mining sector on GDP.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between correlation values of agriculture, construction, manufacturing, mining, public administration and utilities with GDP. So, null hypothesis has been rejected.
Arbutin suppresses osteosarcoma progression via miR‐338‐3p/MTHFD1L and inactivation of the AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Qun , Wang Xiu‐Mei , Li Bing‐Liang , Zhang Yuan‐Min , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2020

Arbutin, a glycoside extracted from the plant Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi, has been previously reported to possess antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anticancer effects. Here, we investigated whether arbutin affects the proliferation of the cells of the osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines MG‐63 and SW1353. Arbutin suppressed OS cell viability in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, as shown by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay. Furthermore, arbutin exposure decreased the protein levels of MTHFD1L, CCND1 and phosphorylated‐protein kinase B (AKT)/phosphorylated‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Potential upstream miRNAs of MTHFD1L were predicted using TargetScan, PICTAR5, miRanda and miRWalk. We performed luciferase activity assays to show that miR‐338‐3p directly targets and negatively regulates the expression of MTHFD1L. Knockdown of miR‐338‐3p promoted cell invasion, migration and proliferation in arbutin‐treated OS cells via MTHFD1L. In summary, our data suggest that arbutin inhibits OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion via miR‐338‐3p/MTHFD1L and by inactivating the AKT/mTOR pathway.
Microextraction Techniques Based on the Combination of Agitation and Extraction in the Same Device
Authors: Cárdenas Soledad , Lucena Rafael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The efficiency of a given microextraction technique relies on both thermodynamic and kinetic factors. The first one defines the maximum amount of analyte that can be extracted, whereas the latter describes the rate at which the extraction equilibrium is reached. The stirring of the sample during extraction is a well‐known kinetic variable that positively affects the diffusion of the analytes between the donor and the acceptor phases. Although stirring/agitation is a critical and optimizing variable in most of the microextraction techniques, only a few of them integrate stirring within the extraction device. The so‐called stirring/extraction‐integrated microextraction techniques present a high potential, and they have been the focus of a deep research. This article is focused on the description of the main research milestones in this development, giving a wide overview of the potential and applicability of these microextraction techniques.
Blood neurofilament light: a critical review of its application to neurologic disease
Authors: Barro Christian , Chitnis Tanuja , Weiner Howard L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeuronal injury is a universal event that occurs in disease processes that affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems. A blood biomarker linked to neuronal injury would provide a critical measure to understand and treat neurologic diseases. Neurofilament light chain (NfL), a cytoskeletal protein expressed only in neurons, has emerged as such a biomarker. With the ability to quantify neuronal damage in blood, NfL is being applied to a wide range of neurologic conditions to investigate and monitor disease including assessment of treatment efficacy. Blood NfL is not specific for one disease and its release can also be induced by physiological processes. Longitudinal studies in multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and stroke show accumulation of NfL over days followed by elevated levels over months. Therefore, it may be hard to determine with a single measurement when the peak of NfL is reached and when the levels are normalized. Nonetheless, measurement of blood NfL provides a new blood biomarker for neurologic diseases overcoming the invasiveness of CSF sampling that restricted NfL clinical application. In this review, we examine the use of blood NfL as a biologic test for neurologic disease.
Modular Assembly of Red Blood Cell Superstructures from Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticle‐Based Building Blocks
Authors: Guo Jimin , Yu Yunlong , Zhu Wei , Serda Rita E. , Franco Stefan , Wang Lu , Lei Qi , Agola Jacob Ongudi , Noureddine Achraf , Ploetz Evelyn , Wuttke Stefan , Brinker C. Jeffrey 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBio/artificial hybrid nanosystems based on biological matter and synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) remain a holy grail of materials science. Herein, inspired by the well‐defined metal–organic framework (MOF) with diverse chemical diversities, the concept of “armored red blood cells” (armored RBCs) is introduced, which are native RBCs assembled within and protected by a functional exoskeleton of interlinked MOF NPs. Exoskeletons are generated within seconds through MOF NP interlocking based on metal‐phenolic coordination and RBC membrane/NP complexation via hydrogen‐bonding interactions at the cellular interface. Armored RBC formation is shown to be generalizable to many classes of MOF NPs or any NPs that can be coated by MOF. Moreover, it is found that armored RBCs preserve the original properties of RBCs (such as oxygen carrier capability and good ex ovo/in vivo circulation property) and show enhanced resistance against external stressors (like osmotic pressure, detergent, toxic NPs, and freezing conditions). By modifying the physicochemical properties of MOF NPs, armored RBCs provide the capability for blood nitric oxide sensing or multimodal imaging. The synthesis of armored RBCs is straightforward, reliable, and reversible and hence, represent a new class of hybrid biomaterials with a broad range of functionalities.
InAs Nanocrystals with Robust p‐Type Doping
Authors: Asor Lior , Liu Jing , Ossia Yonatan , Tripathi Durgesh C. , Tessler Nir , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Banin Uri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRobust control over the carrier type is fundamental for the fabrication of nanocrystal‐based optoelectronic devices, such as the p–n homojunction, but effective incorporation of impurities in semiconductor nanocrystals and its characterization is highly challenging due to their small size. Herein, InAs nanocrystals (NCs), post‐synthetically doped with Cd, serve as a model system for successful p‐type doping of originally n‐type InAs nanocrystals, as demonstrated in field effect transistors (FETs). Advanced structural analysis, using atomic resolution electron microscopy and synchrotron X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy reveal that Cd impurities reside near and on the nanocrystal surface acting as substitutional p‐dopants replacing Indium. Commensurately, Cd‐doped InAs FETs exhibit remarkable stability of their hole conduction, mobility, and hysteretic behavior over time when exposed to air, while intrinsic InAs NCs FETs are easily oxidized and their performance quickly declines. Therefore, Cd plays a dual role acting as a p‐type dopant, and also protects the nanocrystals from oxidation, as evidenced directly by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of air exposed samples of intrinsic and Cd‐doped InAs NCs films. This study demonstrates robust p‐type doping of InAs nanocrystals, setting the stage for implementation of such doped nanocrystal systems in printed electronic devices.
High‐Performance Red Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Organic Electron Transporting Layer
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Li Xuefei , Yang Qingqing , Wang Shumeng , Tian Hongkun , Ding Junqiao , Wang Lixiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance red quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are demonstrated based on nitrogen heterocycle‐containing compounds as the organic electron transporting layer (ETL). Unlike ZnO, the adoption of organic ETL can eliminate unwanted photoluminescence quenching of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) due to the prevented electron transfer between QDs and organic ETL. Most importantly, when the central core is varied from benzene and pyrimidine to triazine, their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels are found to be well tuned to facilitate electron injection. Consequently, a triazine‐cored organic ETL (denoted as TmPPPyTz) achieves a restored charge balance, giving a record‐high external quantum efficiency of 13.4% (18.8 cd A−1, 23.9 lm W−1) and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.68, 0.32). The obtained state‐of‐art performance clearly indicates the great potential of organic ETL towards efficient QLEDs.
Fluorescent Photochromic α‐Cyanodiarylethene Molecular Switches: An Emerging and Promising Class of Functional Diarylethene
Authors: Lin Siyang , Gutierrez‐Cuevas Karla G. , Zhang Xinfang , Guo Jinbao , Li Quan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFluorescent photochromic molecules that exhibit distinct light‐triggered changes in their emission colors are highly desirable for the fabrication of smart soft materials and advanced photonic devices. α‐Cyanodiarylethenes, that is, α‐cyano‐functionalized diarylethenes, as alternative “non‐azo” Z/E photochromic molecular switches, are popular choices due to their unique characteristics such as their aggregation‐induced emission or aggregation‐induced‐enhanced emission behavior in their self‐assembled states, and visible changes in fluorescence colors during Z/E photoisomerization. In recent years, the development of fluorescent photochromic α‐cyanodiarylethene‐based compounds including α‐cyanostilbenes, dicyanodistyrylbenzenes, and diaryldicyanoethenes, has mainly focused on molecular design, photochemical and photophysical behavior in solution, and smart soft matter technologies. In this review, recent significant achievements in light‐responsive systems based on the Z/E photoisomerization of fluorescent photochromic α‐cyanodiarylethene switches that span the range from liquid crystals to gels and finally to self‐assembled nanostructures, are highlighted. The smart soft materials constructed from α‐cyanodiarylethene molecular switches find use in a plethora of areas, including display, sensing, encrypting, actuating, and biomedical imaging applications, among others. The review concludes with a brief perspective on some major challenges and opportunities for the future development of light‐responsive smart soft photonic materials.
2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes): Applications as an Electrically Conducting Material
Authors: Shahzad Faisal , Iqbal Aamir , Kim Hyerim , Koo Chong Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince their discovery in 2011, 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, known as MXenes, have attracted considerable global research interest owing to their outstanding electrical conductivity coupled with light weight, flexibility, transparency, surface chemistry tunability, and easy solution processability. Here, the promising abilities of 2D MXenes, from both experimental and theoretical perspectives, for designing conductive materials for a range of applications, including electromagnetic interference shielding, flexible optoelectronics, sensors, and thermal heaters, are presented.
Visualizing Tailored Spin Phenomena in a Reduced‐Dimensional Topological Superlattice
Authors: Sun Rui , Yang Shijia , Yang Xu , Kumar A. , Vetter Eric , Xue Wenhua , Li Yan , Li Na , Li Yang , Zhang Shihao , Ge Binghui , Zhang Xiang‐qun , He Wei , Kemper Alexander F. , Sun Dali , Cheng Zhao‐hua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEmergent topological insulators (TIs) and their design are in high demand for manipulating and transmitting spin information toward ultralow‐power‐consumption spintronic applications. Here, distinct topological states with tailored spin properties can be achieved in a single reduced‐dimensional TI‐superlattice, (Bi2/Bi2Se3)‐(Bi2/Bi2Se3)N or (□/Bi2Se3)‐(Bi2/Bi2Se3)N (N is the repeating unit, □ represents an empty layer) by controlling the termination via molecular beam epitaxy. The Bi2‐terminated superlattice exhibits a single Dirac cone with a spin momentum splitting ≈0.5 Å−1, producing a pronounced inverse Edelstein effect with a coherence length up to 1.26 nm. In contrast, the Bi2Se3‐terminated superlattice is identified as a dual TI protected by coexisting time reversal and mirror symmetries, showing an unexpectedly long spin lifetime up to 1 ns. The work elucidates the key role of dimensionality and dual topological phases in selecting desired spin properties, suggesting a promise route for engineering topological superlattices for high‐performance TI‐spintronic devices.
Synthesis of Indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐Ones Derivatives via Fe(OTf)3‐Promoted Tandem Selenylation/Cyclization of 2‐Arylindoles
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Rong , Liu Hao‐Yang , Fan Tao , Chen Yan‐Yan , Xu Yan‐Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA practical method for the synthesis of selenylsubstituted indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones through Fe(OTf)3‐promoted tandem selenylation/cyclization of 2‐arylindoles was developed. In this transformation, new C−Se bond and C−C bond were constructed simultaneously under mild conditions.magnified image
High‐Index Faceted RuCo Nanoscrews for Water Electrosplitting
Authors: Zhu Ting , Huang Ju , Huang Bolong , Zhang Nan , Liu Shangheng , Yao Qing , Haw Shu‐Chih , Chang Yu‐Chung , Pao Chih‐Wen , Chen Jin‐Ming , Shao Qi , Hu Zhiwei , Ma Yanhang , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractShape control has realized huge success for developing efficient Pd/Pt‐based nanocatalysts, but the control of Ru‐based nanocrystals remains a formidable challenge due to the inherent anisotropy in hexagonal closed‐packed nanocrystals. Herein, a class of unique RuCo nanoscrews (NSs) for water electrosplitting is successfully synthesized with rough surfaces and the exposure of steps and edges. Those high‐index faceted RuCo NSs show superior performance for overall water electrosplitting, where a low cell voltage of 1.524 V (@ 10 mA cm−2) and excellent stability for more than 20 h (@ 10 mA cm−2) for overall water electrosplitting in 1 m KOH is achieved. The enhanced performance of RuCo NSs is due to the optimization of the binding energy with the intermediate species and the reduced energy barrier of water dissociation. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the RuCo NS structure intrinsically endows various ridges and edges, which create low coordinated Ru‐ and Co‐sites. These active Ru‐ and Co‐sites present high efficiencies in electronic exchange and transfer between adsorbing O species and nearby lattice sites, guaranteeing the high H2O‐splitting activities. This present work opens up a new strategy for creating high‐performance electrocatalysts for water splitting.