bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Both Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Are Reliable and Valid in Evaluating Cystic Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Deng En , Gao Lixiang , Shi Weili , Xie Xing , Jiang Yanfang , Yuan Huishu , Guo Qinwei 
Published: September 2020

Background: Compared with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might overestimate the condition of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) owing to subchondral bone marrow edema and the overlying cartilage defect. However, no study has compared MRI and CT directly in evaluating OLTs with subchondral cysts. Purpose: To compare the reliability and validity of MRI and CT in evaluating OLTs with subchondral cysts. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: An institutional radiology database was queried for inpatients diagnosed with OLTs with subchondral cysts who had undergone surgical treatment between May 2015 and October 2019. A total of 48 patients met the inclusion criteria. Based on our measurement method, 2 experienced observers who were blinded to the study independently measured the length, width, and depth of the cysts using MRI and CT. The classification of cystic lesions was also performed based on MRI and CT findings. Results: Interobserver reliability was almost perfect, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging from 0.935 to 0.999. ICCs for intraobserver reliability ranged from 0.944 to 0.976. The mean size of cysts measured on MRI (length, 13.38 ± 4.23 mm; width, 9.28 ± 2.28 mm; depth, 11.54 ± 3.69 mm) was not significantly different to that evaluated on CT (length, 13.40 ± 4.08 mm; width, 9.25 ± 2.34 mm; depth, 11.32 ± 3.54 mm). The size of subchondral cysts was precisely estimated on both MRI and CT. The MRI classification and CT classification revealed almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.831). Conclusion: With our measurement method, both MRI and CT were deemed to be reliable and valid in evaluating the size of subchondral cysts of OLTs, and the MRI classification was well-correlated with the CT classification. The presented measurement method and classification systems could provide more accurate information before surgery.
Associations between Household Water Fluoridation Status and Plain Tap or Bottled Water Consumption
Authors: Lin M. , Griffin S.O. , Park S. , Li C. , Robison V. , Espinoza L. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The benefits of community water fluoridation for preventing dental caries are attenuated if people do not consume tap water. Objectives: We examined associations between household water fluoride content and consuming plain tap or bottled water among US youth. Methods: We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for 2013 to 2016 for 5,193 youth aged 2 to 19 y. Fluoride content in youth’s household tap water samples was measured electrometrically with ion-specific electrodes and designated low (<0.6 mg/L) or about optimal (0.6 to 1.2 mg/L). Plain tap and bottled water consumption was obtained from one 24-h dietary recall. We used binomial regression models to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) and 95% CIs for consuming plain tap water (including tap only or both tap and bottled) and consuming only bottled water as related to household water fluoride content (low or about optimal) and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: On a given day, 52.6% of youth consumed plain tap water (43.8% exclusively and 8.8% both tap and bottled) and 28%, only bottled water. Neither tap water (APR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.10) nor only bottled water (APR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.22) consumption was associated with household water fluoride content. Non-Hispanic Black youth and Hispanic youth were about 30% relatively less likely to consume tap water and 60% to 80% relatively more likely to consume only bottled water than non-Hispanic Whites. Low income, low parental education, and no past-year dental visit were associated with not consuming tap water. Conclusion: Half of youth consumed plain tap water on a given day. Consuming plain tap water was not associated with community water fluoridation status. This study is the first to find that up to 50% of the population served by fluoridated water may not receive its full caries-preventive benefits due to not consuming plain tap water. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Half of US youth consumed plain tap water on a given day. Consuming plain tap water was not associated with community water fluoridation status. This finding suggests that up to 50% of the population served by fluoridated water systems may not receive its full caries-preventive benefits due to not consuming plain tap water. Our findings add support for the need to identify and address barriers to tap water consumption and promote health benefits of fluoridation.
Clinical trial protocol: PRednisolone in early diffuse cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis (PRedSS)
Authors: Herrick Ariane L , Griffiths-Jones Deborah J , Ryder W David , Mason Justin C , Denton Christopher P 
Published: September 2020

Background: Many of the painful, disabling features of early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis have an inflammatory component and are potentially treatable with corticosteroid therapy. These features include painful and itchy skin, fatigue and musculoskeletal involvement. Yet many clinicians are understandably reluctant to prescribe corticosteroids because of the concern that these are a risk factor for scleroderma renal crisis. The aim of PRedSS (PRednisolone in early diffuse cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis) is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moderate dose prednisolone in patients with early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, specifically whether moderate dose prednisolone is (a) effective in terms of reducing pain and disability, and improving skin score and (b) safe, with particular reference to renal function. Methods: PRedSS is a Phase II, multicentre, double-blind randomised controlled trial which aims to recruit 72 patients with early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Patients are randomised to receive either prednisolone (dosage approximately 0.3 mg/kg) or placebo therapy for 6 months. The two co-primary outcome measures are the difference in mean Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index at 3 months and the difference in modified Rodnan skin score at 3 months. Secondary outcome measures include patient reported outcome measures of itch, hand function, anxiety and depression, and helplessness. Results: Recruitment commenced in December 2017 and after a slow start (due to delays in opening centres) 25 patients have now been recruited. Conclusion: PRedSS should help to answer the question as to whether clinicians should or should not prescribe prednisolone in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.
Ocular Toxocariasis Presenting as Endophthalmitis in a Young Adult Intravenous Drug User
Authors: Singh Pali P. , Robbins Cason B. , Feng Henry L. , Borkar Durga S. , Fekrat Sharon 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This report describes the diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis presenting as endophthalmitis in an adult intravenous drug user. Methods: A case is reported. Results: Fundus imaging showed numerous white opacities obscuring the macula. Toxocara canis serology was reactive with an enzyme immunoassay titer of 1:2 (positive ≥ 1:32). Findings from bacterial and fungal cultures were negative, and vitrectomy cytology revealed no organisms. Postoperatively, serial optical coherence tomography imaging demonstrated a slight decrease in size of an intraretinal hyperreflective lesion in the macula. Conclusions: Owing to a variety of presentations, ocular toxocariasis can be challenging to diagnose. In a patient with a history of intravenous drug use where fungal and bacterial organisms are more common causes of endophthalmitis, it is important to have a wide differential of causative organisms, particularly in the context of negative culture results and a worsening clinical examination.
A Case of Traumatic Choroidopathy With Subretinal Fluid
Authors: Mishra Kapil , Iftikhar Mustafa , Channa Roomasa 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: We report a unique case of blunt ocular trauma with subretinal fluid (SRF), presumed to be traumatic choroidopathy as evidenced by multimodal imaging. Methods: A case report is presented. Results: A 22-year-old woman involved in a motor vehicle accident presented 1 day later to our emergency department with blurred vision in the left eye. Visual acuity was 20/40, significant SRF was present throughout the macula, and fluorescein angiography showed diffuse pooling and leakage. There were no retinal tears or intraocular inflammation. Indocyanine green angiography performed a week later showed patchy hypofluorescence in the affected area. One month later, visual acuity had improved to 20/20 and the SRF and the hypofluorescence on indocyanine green angiography had resolved. Conclusions: Subfoveal collection of SRF may be a cause of decreased vision following blunt ocular trauma. We hypothesize that in our case choroidal hypoperfusion and retinal pigment epithelial dysfunction contributed to the SRF collection.
Long-Term Outcomes After Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Treated Acutely With Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: A Case Series
Authors: John Blegen Halward Martin , Reed Donovan Stephen , Giles Gregory Bryant , Wedel Marissa L. , Hobbs Samuel David 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study assesses the long-term outcomes, including neovascular complications, of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) treated acutely with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Methods: Four cases of CRAO treated acutely with HBOT were reviewed. Visual and structural outcomes were reviewed. Ocular complications including neovascularization were assessed and risk factors determined. Results: Two patients with a history of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) developed early-onset ocular neovascularization within 1 month following treatment, with final vision of light perception over 1 year after injury. One patient with NIDDM and 1 patient without NIDDM did not develop ocular neovascularization; both had improvement in final visual acuity to 20/400 and 20/250, respectively. Conclusions: Patients treated acutely with HBOT for CRAO may require more frequent and earlier monitoring for complications, especially in patients with diabetes. Further research is needed to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of HBOT for CRAO, especially in the setting of systemic disease such as diabetes.
Exposure to household air pollution over 10 years is related to asthma and lung function decline
Authors: Dai Xin , Bui Dinh S. , Perret Jennifer L. , Lowe Adrian J. , Frith Peter A. , Bowatte Gayan , Thomas Paul S. , Giles Graham G. , Hamilton Garun S. , Tsimiklis Helen , Hui Jennie , Burgess John , Win Aung K. , Abramson Michael J. , Walters E. Haydn , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Lodge Caroline J. 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionWe investigated if long-term household air pollution (HAP) is associated with asthma and lung function decline in middle-aged adults, and whether these associations were modified by glutathioneS-transferase (GST) gene variants, ventilation and atopy.Materials and methodsProspective data on HAP (heating, cooking, mould and smoking) and asthma were collected in the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) at mean ages 43 and 53 years (n=3314). Subsamples had data on lung function (n=897) and GST gene polymorphisms (n=928). Latent class analysis was used to characterise longitudinal patterns of exposure. Regression models assessed associations and interactions.ResultsWe identified seven longitudinal HAP profiles. Of these, three were associated with persistent asthma, greater lung function decline and % reversibility by age 53 years compared with the “Least exposed” reference profile for those who used reverse-cycle air conditioning, electric cooking and no smoking. The “All gas” (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.22–5.70), “Wood heating/smoking” (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.21–6.05) and “Wood heating/gas cooking” (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.11–6.11) profiles were associated with persistent asthma, as well as greater lung function decline and % reversibility. Participants with theGSTP1Ile/Ile genotype were at a higher risk of asthma or greater lung function decline when exposed compared with other genotypes. Exhaust fan use and opening windows frequently may reduce the adverse effects of HAP produced by combustion heating and cooking on current asthma, presumably through increasing ventilation.ConclusionsExposures to wood heating, gas cooking and heating, and tobacco smoke over 10 years increased the risks of persistent asthma, lung function decline and % reversibility, with evidence of interaction by GST genes and ventilation.
Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease: a clinical cohort (the PROGRESS study)
Authors: Nasser Mouhamad , Larrieu Sophie , Si-Mohamed Salim , Ahmad Kaïs , Boussel Loic , Brevet Marie , Chalabreysse Lara , Fabre Céline , Marque Sébastien , Revel Didier , Thivolet-Bejui Françoise , Traclet Julie , Zeghmar Sabrina , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Cottin Vincent 
Published: September 2020

In patients with chronic fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD), a progressive fibrosing phenotype (PF-ILD) may develop, but information on the frequency and characteristics of this population outside clinical trials is lacking.We assessed the characteristics and outcomes of patients with PF-ILD other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in a real-world, single-centre clinical cohort. The files of all consecutive adult patients with fibrosing ILD (2010–2017) were examined retrospectively for pre-defined criteria of ≥10% fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography and progressive disease during overlapping windows of 2 years. Baseline was defined as the date disease progression was identified. Patients receiving nintedanib or pirfenidone were censored from survival and progression analyses.In total, 1395 patients were screened; 617 had ILD other than IPF or combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, and 168 had progressive fibrosing phenotypes. In 165 evaluable patients, median age was 61 years; 57% were female. Baseline mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was 74±22% predicted. Median duration of follow-up was 46.2 months. Annualised FVC decline during the first year was estimated at 136±328 mL using a linear mixed model. Overall survival was 83% at 3 years and 72% at 5 years. Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, mortality was significantly associated with relative FVC decline ≥10% in the previous 24 months (p<0.05), age ≥50 years (p<0.01) and diagnosis subgroup (p<0.01).In this cohort of patients with PF-ILD not receiving antifibrotic therapy, the disease followed a course characterised by continued decline in lung function, which predicted mortality.
Dynamics in diagnoses and pharmacotherapy before and after diagnosing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Davidsen Jesper Rømhild , Lund Lars Christian , Laursen Christian B. , Hallas Jesper , Henriksen Daniel Pilsgaard 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a well-characterised interstitial lung disease. Typically, IPF diagnosis is delayed due to nonspecific symptoms, but can also be delayed due to treatment attempts on false indication or due to treatment targeting common comorbidities. This observational study aimed to assess the dynamics in the medication and diagnosis patterns in the period before and after an IPF diagnosis.MethodsWe identified all Danish patients with IPF between 2002 and 2017. We evaluated new and ongoing drug treatments and incident diagnoses 36 months before and 12 months after an IPF diagnosis by use of Danish nationwide registries. To aid interpretation, 10 random controls were recruited for each case.ResultsA total of 650 IPF patients were identified (median age 73 years (interquartile range 65–78), 70.3% males). Prior to the IPF diagnosis, the most prevalent diagnoses were dyspnoea and non-IPF interstitial lung diseases. For drug use, IPF patients had higher initiation rates for antibiotics, oral corticosteroids and mucolytics. In terms of drug volume, IPF patients used more respiratory drugs, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, proton pump inhibitors, benzodiazepines and opium alkaloids within the 6 months preceding their IPF diagnosis, compared to the controls. Overall drug use decreased after an IPF diagnosis, mainly due to a reduced glucocorticoid and cardiovascular drug use.ConclusionAmong IPF patients, an increased drug use was observed for diagnoses with symptoms overlapping those of IPF, particularly this was observed during the last 6 months before an IPF diagnosis. This emphasises the need for an increased IPF awareness.
Pubertal onset with adulthood lung function mediated by height growth in adolescence
Authors: Li Liang , Zhang Hongmei , Holloway John W. , Henderson A. John , Ewart Susan , Relton Caroline L. , Arshad S. Hasan , Karmaus Wilfried 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAge of pubertal onset is associated with height and lung function in adulthood. It is unknown whether height growth in adolescence mediates the association of age at puberty with early adult lung function.MethodsData from the Isle of Wight (IOW) birth cohort (n=1261) were examined in the study. Ages of pubertal events, height at ages 10 and 18 years and lung function parameters (forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)) at 26 years were included in a path analysis to assess the mediation effects of height growth. Findings were tested in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort.ResultsIn females in the IOW cohort, age at menarche and body hair growth showed a positive indirect association with FVC (menarche: indirect effect coefficient (IEC)=0.13, 95% CI 0.05–0.20, p=1.28×10−3; body hair growth: IEC=0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.15, p=0.017) and FEV1(menarche: IEC=0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.17, p=0.028; body hair growth: IEC=0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.14, p=0.043) at 26 years through height growth and lung function at 18 years. In males, age at body hair growth (IEC=0.08; 95% CI 0.01–0.15, p=0.047), growth spurt (IEC=0.09; 95% CI 0.01–0.17, p=0.034) and facial hair growth (IEC=0.09; 95% CI 0.02–0.16, p=0.014) had positive indirect effects on FVC at 26 years, but voice deepening did not show statistically significant indirect effects (p>0.05). For pubertal events available in the ALSPAC cohort, results consistent with the IOW cohort were found for both females and males.ConclusionEffects of age of puberty on FVC in early adulthood are likely mediated by height growth during adolescence.
Environmental contamination related to SARS-CoV-2 in ICU patients
Authors: Lomont Alexandra , Boubaya Marouane , Khamis Warda , Deslandes Antoine , Cordel Hugues , Seytre Delphine , Alloui Chakib , Malaure Célie , Bonnet Nicolas , Carbonnelle Etienne , Cohen Yves , Nunes Hilario , Bouchaud Olivier , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Tandjaoui-Lambiotte Yacine 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a primary global concern, and data are lacking concerning risk of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) environmental contamination.ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsA prospective single centre 1-day study was carried out in an ICU. Four surfaces (the ventilator control screen, the control buttons of the syringe pump, the bed rails and the computer table located >1 m away from the patient) were systematically swabbed at least 8 h after any cleaning process. We analysed clinical, microbiological and radiological data to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 environmental contamination.Results40% of ICU patients were found to contaminate their environment. No particular trend emerged regarding the type of surface contaminated. Modality of oxygen support (high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation, invasive mechanical ventilation, standard oxygen mask) was not associated with the risk of environmental contamination. Univariate analysis showed that lymphopenia <0.7×109·L−1was associated with environmental contamination.ConclusionDespite small sample size, our study generated surprising results. Modality of oxygen support is not associated with risk of environmental contamination. Further studies are needed.
Effects of vibration therapy on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical function in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Shuang , Ning Hong-Ting , Xiao Su-Mei , Hu Ming-Yue , Wu Xin-Yin , Deng Hong-Wen , Feng Hui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle mass and function with advancing age, is a prevalent condition among older adults. As most older people are too frail to do intensive exercise and vibration therapy has low risk and ease of participation, it may be more readily accepted by elderly individuals. However, it remains unclear whether vibration therapy would be effective among older adults with sarcopenia. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of vibration therapy including local vibration therapy and whole-body vibration therapy, for enhancing muscle mass, muscle strength and physical function in older people with sarcopenia.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in March 2019 in the following 5 electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PEDro, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, with no restriction of language or the year of publication. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies examining effects of vibration therapy on muscle mass, muscle strength or physical function in older adults with sarcopenia were included in this systematic review. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of the selected studies.

Results
Of the 1972 identified studies, seven publications from six studies involving 223 participants were included in this systematic review. Five of them conducted whole-body vibration therapy, while two conducted local vibration therapy. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies indicated that muscle strength significantly increased after whole-body vibration therapy (SMD 0.69, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.11, I2 = 0%, P = 0.001) and local vibration therapy (SMD 3.78, 95% CI 2.29 to 5.28, P < 0.001). Physical performance measured by the sit-to-stand test and the timed-up-and-go test were significantly improved after the intervention (SMD -0.79, 95% CI − 1.21 to − 0.37, I2 = 0%, P < 0.001) and SMD -0.83, 95% CI − 1.56 to − 0.11, I2 = 64%, P = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusion
Vibration therapy could be a prospective strategy for improving muscle strength and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia. However, due to the limited number of the included studies, caution is needed when interpreting these results. More well-designed, large sample size studies should be conducted to further explore and validate the benefits of vibration therapy for this population.