bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agroforestry can reduce trade-offs between economic and ecological benefits, but only when uncertainties are considered
Authors: Knoke Thomas , Paul Carola , Gosling Elizabeth , Reith Esther , Annighöfer Peter , Asseng Senthold , Bingham Logan , Chmelikova Lucie , Frick Fabian , Hafner Benjamin , Leonhardt Sara Diana , Menapace Luisa , Menzel Annette , Sauer Johannes , Schloter Michael , Yu Kang , Zare Mohsen , Kollmann Johannes , von Lützow Margit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Persistent uncertainty about the economic implications of agroforestry presents a major barrier to adoption. Despite this, most research to date ignores the impact of uncertainty on land allocation decisions, with studies commonly relying on simplistic scenarios involving a dichotomous choice between switching entirely to agroforestry or retaining the status quo system. For a more realistic decision problem, we explore partial adoption choices by analysing how the performance of landscape portfolios under combined ecological and economic uncertainty changes when managers can incorporate two agroforestry alternatives (silvopasture and alley cropping) alongside existing land-use options. Drawing on published data from smallholders in Panama, we use robust optimisation to allocate fractions of land area across six agroforestry and non-agroforestry land uses under a range of possible futures. We visualise trade-offs between uncertain ecological and economic benefits using robust Pareto frontiers. We find that neglecting uncertainty reduces the attractiveness of agroforestry. Instead, agroforestry becomes increasingly competitive as uncertainty grows, and incorporating it into landscape portfolios can mitigate trade-offs between ecological and economic objectives when the future is uncertain. We conclude by outlining a research agenda for a more holistic approach to agroforestry economics under global change.
A spontaneous proton transfer is key for enzymatic C-glycosylation and restricts the scope of natural C-glycosides
Authors: Welner Ditte , Raich Lluís , Teze David , Bidart Gonzalo , Fredslund Folmer , Hobusch Mandy , Kunstmann Sonja , Putkaradze Natalia , Noé Frank 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

C-glycosides are valuable compounds containing hydrolytically stable C-C bonds. However, their scarcity in nature and their complex synthesis limit their availability. Enzymes represent an environmentally mild paradigm for the synthesis of C-glycosides, but only few enzymes with C-glycosylation activity are known and their catalytic mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we study the intricacies of a C-glycosyltransferase using X-ray crystallography, biochemical assays, and atomistic simulations. We identify two dynamic gates that control substrate access and reactivity, and investigate the molecular mechanism of C-glycosylation, identifying an SEAr stepwise process along a critical intermediate that stabilizes through a spontaneous water-mediated proton transfer. This stabilization is related to the chemical properties of the substrate, which dictate whether a compound can be C-glycosylated. Our results provide detailed knowledge and enhance our understanding of this class of enzymes, paving the way for their widespread utilization and engineering.
Concurrently Enhanced Piezoelectric Performance and Curie Temperature in Stressed Lead-free BCTZ Ceramics
Authors: Cheng Zhenxiang , Su Yuanhui , Wang Qingying , Huan Yu , Wang Jianli , Sun Wei , Li Yongjun , wei tao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Eco-friendly, lead-free BaTiO3-based piezoelectric materials play a crucial role in advancing sustainable electronic applications. Improving piezoelectric properties in lead-free piezoelectric ceramics often involves a trade-off with Curie temperature (TC) due to various performance metrics. In this study, we implemented an innovative stress engineering approach by introducing a secondary phase BaAl2O4. This method simultaneously enhances both TC and the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) in (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 (BCTZ) ceramics. The difference in thermal expansion coefficients between BCTZ and BaAl2O4 induces internal stress within the BCTZ matrix, leading to significant lattice distortion and altering the phase fractions of BCTZ, which improves both TC and the d33. Additionally, the local electric field at the interface of BCTZ and BaAl2O4, along with the incorporation of Al3+ in ABO3 lattice, contribute to the enhanced d33. Notably, the optimized BCTZ ceramics exhibit an exceptionally high d33 of 650  ± 16 pC N−1, d33* of 1070 pm V−1, and TC of 96.5  ± 1.0 oC, placing it at the forefront of lead-free BT-based piezoelectric materials. This study underscores the effectiveness of bulk stress engineering via a secondary phase for enhancing lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, paving the way for developing high-performance piezoelectric ceramics suitable for a wide range of temperature applications.
Inequalities of Outcomes, Opportunities, and Environmental Impacts between Refugees and Host Communities in Gambella Region of Ethiopia: a Reduced-form Econometric and Rasch models Approach
Authors: tsehay zenawit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Drawing on primary and SESRE secondary data and outputs produced by reduced-form econometric (linear, Cox, and Poisson) and Rasch models with high statistical confidence , this study investigates differences in food security, economic well-being, spending on education, access to services, and vulnerability to environmental risks between refugee and host communities living in Gambella region in Ethiopia. Across both host communities and refugees, 99% confidence intervals indicate that refugees are 33% more likely to experience moderate or severe food insecurity and 34% more likely to experience severe food insecurity. Results from the analysis of the economic indicators indicate that, on average, the aggregate per adult equivalent consumption expenditure of refugees is 30,459 Birr lower and that the total stock of live stock of refuge is 30,232 Birr lower than that of host communities at 99% confidence level. There are great disparities in educational expenditure across demographic and community groups. On average, refugees spend 394 Birr less per year on education than the host community individuals with 99 percent confidence. Urban individuals spend 261 Birr more than rural counterparts (99% confidence), unemployed individuals spend 248 Birr more than employed individuals (99% confidence), and younger individuals spend 170 Birr more than older age groups (99% confidence). In terms of both total annual aid and total annual credit, host community households receive 14,301 Birr more (95% confidence) and 2,011 Birr more (99% confidence) annually then refugee households. Access to services also varies significantly: On average, rural households have 2.37 km better access to preparatory schools and 11.25 km better access to hospitals than urban households. There are 7.48 km better access to hospitals for host communities as compared to refugee communities. Third, environmental vulnerability assessments show that refugee households are 70 percent less likely than host community households to be affected by floods with 99 percent confidence. Relying up on the findings, recommendations have been made in the last sub-section of this paper.
Unlocking Genetic Hotspots: GWAS Reveals Key Nitrogen Responsive Genomic Regions and Key Genes for Root and Yield Traits in Indica Rice
Authors: Poudel Ankur , Phogat Sachin , Roy Jeet , Saini Manish Ranjan , Shivaprasad K.M. , Madhavan Jayanthi , Chinnusamy Viswanathan , Vinod KK , Sevanthi Amitha Mithra , Mandal Pranab Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) for crop plant is important for the environment and cost of cultivation. Rice has the lowest NUE among the cereals, hence it is necessary to know the underlying genetic factors associated with it. To identify candidate genes and QTLs, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out involving 96 diverse indicarice genotypes. Plants were grown under contrasting nitrogen (N) regimes in hydroponics till the maturity for phenotyping the major N-responsive traits. Genotyping was carried out using 80K Affymetrix chip containing 47,686 curated SNP markers. The differential response of all N-responsive traits indicated separate breeding programme for each N-regime. The population structure analysis revealed two sub-populations with varying degrees of admixtures in the association panel. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis revealed an LD block of 108.4 kb. GWAS using MLM, FarmCPU, and BLINK could identify 568 marker-trait associations (MTAs) across different traits and N-conditions. Out of 24 MTAs identified, 13 were novel with 156 candidate genes in the genomic region spanning the LD blocks. N-responsive genes showed either positive or negative role, and many of them were likely to be associated with other abiotic stresses like drought and salinity. Yield and root-related MTAs were found to be the most prominent. Candidate genes such as OsPRX59, OsPRX62, OsPSBS2, OsWAK14, OsWAK15, OsAMT3, OsNIN8,and OsHCT2 from the MTAs with major allelic effects also showed the differential responses under N-deficient conditions. These MTAs and candidate genes can serve as key resources for enhancement of NUE in rice.
Maszkon innen és a maszkon túl : a COVID utáni mindennapok megélése a szülőkön át a szakemberek szemüvegén keresztül
Authors: Herczeg Viktória , Jalekné Dr. Rózsavölgyi Katalin , Tömő Zsolt , Beke Szilvia 
Published: December 2024

A COVID a segítő szakmákat is egy új, ismeretlen területre kényszerítette, ahol eddig nem tapasztalt problémák és azok megoldása várt a szakemberekre. Leginkább a családokat érintette, annak minden tagját, beleértve a mindennapok gördülékenységéért küzdő szülőket. A szocializációs színterek eltűnése, összemosódása, átalakulása a gyermekek/fiatalok mindennapjait megnehezítve, ólomsúlyként nehezedett rájuk mind fizikailag, mind pszichésen, mentálisan. Feltárásunk fókuszában a gyermekeiket nevelő szülők, az általuk (szociális munkásként dolgozó kollégáknak) elmondott változások állnak, melyek az otthoni mindennapokat, életminőséget, életmódot, szabadidős tevékenységet befolyásolták. A kvalitatív módszertanon alapuló kutatás adatgyűjtése félig strukturált interjúk keretén belül valósult meg. Az elemzéshez Anselm Strauss és Juliet Corbin-féle Grounded Theory (GT)-hoz köthető, háromlépcsős kódolási technikát hívtuk segítségül. Az eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy a COVID a legtöbb család életének több szegmensében hozott változást melyek a felmerülő problémák mennyiségét és mélységét tekintve erős lenyomatot hagytak a családok, azon belül is a szülők mentális és fizikai egészségén. A gyermekek/fiatalok tekintetében a szocializációs folyamatok, a rémhírek és az izoláltság okozta a legnagyobb problémát. Az eredmények feldolgozása során jól látható volt, hogy a COVID és az az utáni élet a kapcsolatokról, mentális és fizikai egészségről, anyagi biztonságról alkotott képet jelentős mértékben megváltoztatta. A szülőknek a mindennapi életük újratervezésén túl, a gyermekeikkel kapcsolatos problémákkal is szembesülniük kellett.
Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ricci Valerio , De Berardis Domenico , Martinotti Giovanni , Maina Giuseppe 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Psychotic disorders, characterized by altered brain function, significantly
impair reality perception. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis suggests these disorders originate
from early brain development disruptions. Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is crucial for
neuronal survival and differentiation, especially in dopaminergic neurons, and shows promise in
neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions.

Objectives:
This scoping review aims to examine the role of GDNF in schizophrenia spectrum disorders
and substance-induced psychoses, integrating knowledge on the neurobiological mechanisms
and therapeutic potential of GDNF.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases
from January 2001 onwards. Data extraction focused on GDNF levels, cognitive function, antipsychotic
treatment effects, and genetic studies.

Results:
The review included 25 studies (18 human, 7 animal). While some studies demonstrated inconsistent
results regarding GDNF serum levels in schizophrenic patients, the majority reported correlations
between GDNF levels and cognitive functions. Animal studies underscored GDNF's role in
stress response, drug-induced neurotoxicity, and dopamine signaling abnormalities. Genetic studies
revealed potential associations between GDNF gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia susceptibility,
though findings were mixed.

Discussion:
GDNF plays a significant role in cognitive functions and neuroprotection in schizophrenia.
The variability in study results underscores the complexity of GDNF's involvement. The therapeutic
potential of GDNF in psychotic disorders remains unclear, necessitating further research to
clarify its efficacy and safety.

Conclusion:
This review emphasizes the importance of integrated biomarker strategies, gene therapy
approaches, and precision medicine in advancing the understanding and treatment of psychotic disorders.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Roflumilast Nano Particles in Rat Plasma for Pharmacokinetic Study Analysis
Authors: Mehmood Yasir , Shahid Hira 
Published: December 2024

Aims:
The aim of this study is to develop a sensitive, specific, rapid, and precise reverse-
phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method and validate it to determine
the Roflumilast in rat plasma.

Background:
This study was aimed at developing a simple HPLC method for the detection of Roflumilast
in rat plasma after ingestion of nanoparticles into the rat. A bioanalytical method was developed
and validated.

Methodology:
The drug sample (Roflumilast) was eluted isocratically using a mobile phase of Ammonium
acetate buffer (pH = 7.0), acetonitrile, and methanol (20:40:40, v/v/v) made up the mobile
phase on a Phenomenex C-18 (150mm x 4.68mm pore size 5-micron analytical column. The
drug was quantitatively determined at a UV wavelength of 254 nm using a standard calibration
curve spanning the range of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5μg/mL-1

Results:
The results showed that the limits of quantitation (LOQ) and detection (LOD) were 0.18
μg/ml and 0.54μg/ml, respectively. For both the intra-day and inter-day analysis, relative standard
deviation (% RSD) was less than 2%, and the drug’s percentage accuracy was between 96% and
98%.

Conclusion:
As per the established protocols, the developed method was quantitatively assessed
for its intended use in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, and sensitivity
analysis. Roflumilast-loaded nanoparticles were effectively used to determine the drug entrapment
efficiency using the currently validated RP-HPLC method. Besides, highly efficient drug extraction
from plasma was attained, and mobile phase composition was suitable to the pharmacokinetic
study of Roflumilast-loaded nanoparticles in rats.
Koksnes izmantošana dzelzs laikmeta kremācijas rituālos Rietumkurzemes ainavas kontekstā
Authors: Doniņa-Kalniņa Inga , Bērziņš Valdis , Stivriņš Normunds 
Published: December 2024

Rakstā aplūkotas kuršu apbedīšanas tradīcijas ainavas kontekstā, pamatojoties uz kuršu ugunskapos atrasto kokogļu pētījumiem un korelējot tos ar Ķikuru ezera materiāla palinoloģiskiem pētījumiem. Pētījuma areāls aptver Latvijas rietumdaļu, kas atbilst kuršu apdzīvotai teritorijai, kur dominējošais apbedīšanas veids 10./11. gs. – 15. gs. bija kremācija. Franču ceļotājs Žilbērs de Lanuā šajā reģionā sastapies ar kuršiem, kuri mirušos dedzinājuši sārtā, sakrautā no tīras ozolkoka malkas. Šis pētījums parāda, ka kuršu kultūrā kopumā nebija stingras tradīcijas mirušo kremācijai lietot tikai ozola malku, lai gan ozols šim nolūkam plaši izmantots. Analizējot kokogļu paraugus, konstatēta taksonomiska daudzveidība, kas var liecināt par to, ka savākta reģionā pieejamā koksne vai pat bijusi nepieciešamība atbrīvot noteiktas teritorijas. Koksnes izvēle varēja būt saistīta arī ar dažādām tās īpašībām, koka simbolisko nozīmi, rituāliem vai kultūras aspektiem.
Ciemaldes apbedījumu vieta kā piemērs vides un cilvēka darbības mijiedarbībai Zemgalē
Authors: Zemītis Guntis 
Published: December 2024

Rakstā aplūkota Lielupes senlejas noslēgumā esošās Jaunsvirlaukas Ciemaldes apbedījumu vietas senkapu un kapsētas attīstība saistībā ar tuvumā esošajām apdzīvotajām vietām ilgā vēstures periodā. Senkapu un kapsētas izmantošana droši pierādāma no 7. līdz 13. gs. un kopš 19. gs. līdz mūsu dienām, bet hipotētiski vai daļēji tā bijusi kopš 3. gadsimta. Pat ja apbedījumi Ciemaldē atsevišķos periodos nav veikti, šī vieta ir ietekmējusi apkārtnes kultūras ainavas veidošanu. Līdzīgas vietas ir arī citviet Zemgalē, un tā uzskatāma par šīs Latvijas vēsturiskās zemes īpatnību.
Ieskats neolīta podniecības tehnoloģijās Latvijas piejūras teritorijā: Siliņupes un Slocenes apmetņu keramikas analīze
Authors: Haferberga (Visocka) Vanda , Kons Artis , Bērziņš Valdis 
Published: December 2024

Pētījumā aplūkoti Latvijas piejūras reģiona neolīta keramikas tehnoloģiskie aspekti, pamatojoties uz Siliņ­upes un Slocenes apmetņu materiāla izpēti. Keramika analizēta makroskopiski un ar stereomikroskopu, kā arī ar petrogrāfijas un rentgenstaru fluorescences spektroskopijas metodēm. Apzināti un analizēti vietējie māla resursi. Noskaidrots, ka Siliņupes un Slocenes apmetņu keramika darināta no dažādas izcelsmes māliem, bet neviens no tiem nav no konstatētajām iegulām. Izšķiramas desmit veidmasas grupas, kas savstarpēji abās apmetnēs negrupējas. Tas liecina par dažādām māla masas sagatavošanas tradīcijām un tehnoloģiskajiem aspektiem, kas abās apmetnēs būtiski atšķiras. Kā liesinātāji izmantotas lielo saldūdens gliemeņu, kā arī jūrā dzīvojošo sirsniņgliemeņu čaulas, šamots un sasmalcināti kauli. Trauki bijuši lieli, plānām sienām, uz to virsmas konstatēts apkvēpums un ēdiena piedeguma paliekas, kas norāda, ka trauki lietoti ēdiena gatavošanai. Trauku virsma bijusi švīkāta, tie rotāti, izmantojot dažādus spiedogus, t. sk. no cūkdelfīna žokļiem izgatavotus darbarīkus.
Function and shift of Meaning of Ma’meugang Tradition in Aceh Society in Welcoming Islamic Holy Days
Authors: Avicenna Al Maududdy  , Fatianda Septian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The people of Aceh have carried out the Ma'meugang or meugang tradition since the Sultanate era until now. Approaching the three holidays of Id Fitr, Id Adha, and Ramadhan are the times when parties are held. Meugang Day has cultural and religious values ​​besides eating meat. This article will discuss how the history of ma'meugang day in Acehnese society?. How is the function and meaning of the ma'meugang tradition in Acehnese society?. Why has there been a shift in the function and meaning of the ma'meugang tradition in Acehnese society?. This qualitative research collects sources through literature study and field research. The research results show that Meugang day celebrations in Aceh incorporate Islamic values. When viewed from a cultural perspective, meugang is just a tradition that has no connection with religion, but when viewed in its context and background, it becomes part of the practice of the Islamic religion.
Keywords : Ma'meugang, Tradition, Islam, Aceh

Abstrak
Masyarakat Aceh telah melakukan tradisi Ma'meugang atau meugang sejak zaman Kesultanan hingga saat ini. Menjelang bulan puasa, Id Fitri, dan Id Adha adalah waktu di mana pesta diadakan. Hari Meugang memiliki nilai budaya dan religius selain makan daging. Artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana sejarah hari ma’meugang dalam masyarakat Aceh?. Bagaimana fungsi dan makna tradisi Ma’meugang dalam masyarakat Aceh?. Mengapa terjadi pergeseran fungsi dan makna tradisi ma’meugang dalam masyarakat Aceh?. Penelitian kualitatif ini mengumpulkan sumber melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan lapangan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa perayaan hari meugang di Aceh menggabungkan nilai-nilai Islam. Jika dilihat dari Dari sudut pandang budaya, meugang hanyalah sebuah tradisi tanpa terkait agama, tapi ketika dilihat dalam konteks dan sejarahnya itu menjadi bagian dari pengamalan agama Islam.
Kata Kunci : Ma'meugang, Tradisi, Islam, Aceh
Sobre la importancia de la conservación de las obras de arte en espacio público
Authors: Calao Natalia 
Published: December 2024

El Patrimonio cultural de Colombia se encuentra bajo la protección del Estado por mandato constitucional que ordena su salvaguarda, protección, recuperación, conservación, sostenimiento y divulgación, como un reconocimiento a la importancia de este en la construcción de la identidad cultural. Para entender la importancia de la conservación delPatrimonio es necesario entender la relación existente entre este y la sociedad que la creó, en la cual habita como parte importante de la construcción de su cultura, al mismo tiempo que de la identidad de un grupo humano que se expresa a través del conjunto de manifestaciones materiales e inmateriales.
Exploración Visual
Authors: Jiménez Vallejo Juan José , Guerrero Montañez Alejandra , Cañón Torres Paula Milena , Castillo Julieth Paola , Carreño Reina Briyid Daniela , García Romero Jenny Lizeth , Castro Prada. Julio Cesar , Avila Home Avila Home , García Valentina , Barbosa Jefferson Enrique , Bolívar Camacho Dayana , Trullo Rubiano Diego Fabián , Marín Rojas Karen Dayana 
Published: December 2024

En el siguiente apartado se presentan imágenes resultado de procesos creativos postulados por la Maestra July Hernández de los cursos de dibujo y dibujo figura humana, la maestra Nashly Pérez en ilustración y las maestras Yury Viatela y Estefanía Tapasco en Fotografía artística.
Pensamiento Artístico
Authors: Ocampo Ocampo Laura , Melgarejo Diana Stella , López Villalba Evely Y. 
Published: December 2024

Esta sección está conformada por una serie de reflexiones acerca del arte desde un ámbito de teoría e historia. Los trabajos de los estudiantes en este número corresponden a los cursos: Arte y Sociedad dirigido por el Maestro Erick Marín en el curso de y el curso Arte, estética y política dirigido por el Maestro Raúl Alejandro Martínez
Mierda (propuesta de arte para la música de Elsa y Elmar)
Authors: Camacho Hilda Atenea 
Published: December 2024

Mierda es el resultado de un ejercicio de exploración visual a partir de 3 canciones de la artista colombiana Elsa y Elmar. Las canciones fueronOjos Noche, Eres Diamante y Mierda, con las cuales se exploraron metáforas visuales en alusión a cada canción y se generó una ilustración para cada una. Posteriormente se realizó un libreto o cuadernillo con las ilustraciones y las letras de las canciones y se desarrolló el arte de la portada y la contraportada. En el último ejercicio se elaboró una caja para el cuadernillo y el cd, manteniendo el lenguaje el resto de materiales y generando un producto artístico. El reto más grande de este trabajo, a nivel personal, fue volver a los medios análogos sobre todo para la diagramación del libreto.
Sin embargo, esa misma restricción me permitió utilizar un recurso que manejo y es uno de mis preferidos que es el bordado. El look obtenido a pesar de las restricciones me pareció coherente con el concepto de la artista elegida y de las canciones.
Toribio
Authors: Cespedes Gutierrez Paula Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Mi gusto por este estilo de dibujo se basa en los ya dichos mangas japoneses, pues a diferencia de los comics americanos, siento que estos poseen mayor variedad en sus historias, y sobre todo, aunque no en todos los casos, presentan una gran diversidad en sus estilos dibujo, aun cuando son derivados de una base muy similar, debido a su increíble uso de la línea, pues sin necesidad de utilizar colores o indicaciones, con solo el color blanco y negro, pueden representar a la perfección movimiento e incluso emociones.