bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Switching of Bright Whiteness in Channeled Hydrogel Networks
Authors: Eklund Amanda , Zhang Hang , Zeng Hao , Priimagi Arri , Ikkala Olli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBeside pigment absorption and reflection by periodic photonic structures, natural species often use light scattering to achieve whiteness. Synthetic hydrogels offer opportunities in stimuli‐responsive materials and devices; however, they are not conventionally considered as ideal materials to achieve high whiteness by scattering due to the ill‐defined porosities and the low refractive index contrast between the polymer and water. Herein, a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel network with percolated empty channels (ch‐PNIPAm) is demonstrated to possess switchable bright whiteness upon temperature changes, obtained by removing the physical agarose gel in a semi‐interpenetrating network of agarose and PNIPAm. The hydrogel is highly transparent at room temperature and becomes brightly white above 35 °C. Compared to conventional PNIPAm, the ch‐PNIPAm hydrogel exhibits 80% higher reflectance at 800 nm and 18 times faster phase transition kinetics. The nanoscopic channels in the ch‐PNIPAm facilitate water diffusion upon phase transition, thus enabling the formation of smaller pores and enhanced whiteness in the gel. Furthermore, fast photothermally triggered response down to tens of milliseconds can be achieved. This unique property of the ch‐PNIPAm hydrogel to efficiently scatter visible light can be potentially used for, e.g., smart windows, optical switches, and, as demonstrated in this report, thermoresponsive color displays.
High Sensitivity Graphene Field Effect Transistor‐Based Detection of DNA Amplification
Authors: Ganguli Anurup , Faramarzi Vahid , Mostafa Ariana , Hwang Michael T. , You Seungyong , Bashir Rashid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnzymatic DNA amplification‐based approaches involving intercalating DNA‐binding fluorescent dyes and expensive optical detectors are the gold standard for nucleic acid detection. As components of a simplified and miniaturized system, conventional silicon‐based ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) that measure a decrease in pH due to the generation of pyrophosphates during DNA amplification have been previously reported. In this article, Bst polymerase in a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction combined with target‐specific primers and crumpled graphene field effect transistors (gFETs) to electrically detect amplification by sensing the reduction in primers is used. Graphene is known to adsorb single‐stranded DNA due to noncovalent π–π bonds, but not double‐stranded DNA. This approach does not require any surface functionalization and allows the detection of primer concentrations at the endpoint of reactions. As recently demonstrated, the crumpled gFET over the conventional flat gFET sensors due to their superior sensitivity is chosen. The endpoint of amplification reaction with starting concentrations down to 8 × 10−21 m in 90 min including the time of amplification and detection is detected. With its high sensitivity and small footprint, this platform will help bring complex lab‐based diagnostic and genotyping amplification assays to the point‐of‐care.
PtCo@NCs with Short Heteroatom Active Site Distance for Enhanced Catalytic Properties
Authors: Hu Gaofei , Shang Liang , Sheng Tian , Chen Yueguang , Wang Leyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe crucial issue for fuel cells is to improve the activity and durability of Pt‐based catalysts. Herein, based on the short distance enhancement effects, a novel PtCo@NC catalyst with remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in acidic electrolytes is developed by shortening the Pt–Co active site distance. In brief, a series of PtCo@NC catalysts with different Pt–Co biatomic arrangement are precisely synthesized by an in situ reduction‐fusion method, achieving Pt–Co structural evolution from a Pt/Co individual monometallic islet (A‐700 °C) to PtCo heterodimer (A‐800 °C) and then a PtCo alloy (A‐900 °C) embedded on nitrogen‐doped carbon matrixes. Compared with the Pt/Co monometallic islet and heterodimer, the PtCo@NC (A‐900 °C) with the shortest Pt–Co active site distance exhibits the highest mass activity of 2.30 A mgPt−1, which is 12.23 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C and exceeds almost all the reported MOR catalysts in acidic electrolytes. Both experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal that the remarkably improved activity stems from the modification of electron distribution around Pt/Co metal centers, thus promoting the rate‐determining methanol dehydrogenation step and CO oxidative removal processes, which are dependent on the distance between bimetallic active sites.
A Hybrid Optoelectronic Sensor Platform with an Integrated Solution‐Processed Organic Photodiode
Authors: Scholz Alexander , Gerig Daniel , Zimmermann Lukas , Seiberlich Mervin , Strobel Noah , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo , Aghassi‐Hagmann Jasmin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHybrid systems, unifying printed electronics with silicon‐based technology, can be seen as a driving force for future sensor development. Especially interesting are sensing elements based on printed devices in combination with silicon‐based high‐performance electronics for data acquisition and communication. In this work, a hybrid system integrating a solution‐processed organic photodiode in a silicon‐based system environment, which enables flexible device measurement and application‐driven development, is presented. For performance evaluation of the integrated organic photodiode, the measurements are compared to a silicon‐based counterpart. Therefore, the steady state response of the hybrid system is presented. Promising application scenarios are described, where a solution‐processed organic photodiode is fully integrated in a silicon system.
Tunable Wide‐Bandgap Monohalide Perovskites
Authors: El Ajjouri Yousra , Igual‐Muñoz Ana M. , Sessolo Michele , Palazon Francisco , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHerein the mechanochemical synthesis of inorganic as well as hybrid organic–inorganic monohalide perovskites with tunable bandgaps is reported. It is shown that the bandgap bowing known for iodide mixed Sn–Pb perovskites is also present in the pure bromide analogous. This results in technologically very interesting materials with bandgaps in the range of 1.7–1.9 eV. Similar bandgap perovskites are typically achieved by mixing two halides that are prone to segregate over time. This limits the achievable open circuit voltage. For monohalide perovskites this problem is eliminated, making these materials especially promising wide bandgap absorbers for tandem solar cells.
Fast and Stable Proton Conduction in Heavily Scandium‐Doped Polycrystalline Barium Zirconate at Intermediate Temperatures
Authors: Hyodo Junji , Kitabayashi Koki , Hoshino Kenta , Okuyama Yuji , Yamazaki Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe environmental benefits of fuel cells and electrolyzers have become increasingly recognized in recent years. Fuel cells and electrolyzers that can operate at intermediate temperatures (300–450 °C) require, in principle, neither the precious metal catalysts that are typically used in polymer‐electrolyte‐membrane systems nor the costly heat‐resistant alloys used in balance‐of‐plant components of high‐temperature solid oxide electrochemical cells. These devices require an electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, typically more than 0.01 S cm−1, and high chemical stability. To date, however, high ionic conductivities have been found in chemically unstable materials such as CsH2PO4, In‐doped SnP2O7, BaH2, and LaH3−2xOx. Here, fast and stable proton conduction in 60‐at% Sc‐doped barium zirconate polycrystal, with a total conductivity of 0.01 S cm−1 at 396 °C for 200 h is demonstrated. Heavy doping of Sc in barium zirconate simultaneously enhances the proton concentration, bulk proton diffusivity, specific grain boundary conductivity, and grain growth. An accelerated stability test under a highly concentrated and humidified CO2 stream using in situ X‐ray diffraction shows that the perovskite phase is stable over 240 h at 400 °C under 0.98 atm of CO2. These results show great promises as an electrolyte in solid‐state electrochemical devices operated at intermediate temperatures.
Pods as sails but not as boats: dispersal ecology of a habitat‐restricted desert milkvetch
Authors: Houghton Sydney , Stevens Michael T. , Meyer Susan E. 
Published: May 2020

PremiseAdaptive seed dispersal mechanisms are fundamental to plant fitness, but dispersal advantage is scale‐dependent. We tested the hypothesis that informed dispersal in response to an environmental cue enables dispersal by wind on a local scale for Astragalus holmgreniorum, a desert species restricted to swales and wash skirts with overland flow, but prevents longer‐distance dispersal by water into unfavorable wash habitats.MethodsPod biomechanics in A. holmgreniorum lead to major shape modifications with changes in moisture content. We performed laboratory experiments to examine the interaction of pod shape with wind and water, and conducted field experiments in A. holmgreniorum habitat evaluating the roles of wind, water, and seed predators on dispersal.ResultsDry pods exhibit a flattened crescent shape with partial dehiscence that facilitated wind dispersal by ground tumbling and seed scattering in laboratory experiments. Rain simulation experiments showed that even small precipitation events returned wetted pods to their cylindrical shape and opened the dorsal suture, exposing the seeds. In the field experiments, dry pods were moved locally by wind, whereas rain caused pod opening and washing out of seeds in place. Seed predators had minimal effect on pod movement.ConclusionsAstragalus holmgreniorum exhibits pod structural remodeling in response to environmental change in a striking and novel demonstration of informed dispersal. Wind‐driven movement of dry pods facilitates local seed dispersal, but rain causes pods to open and release seeds, ensuring that they are not transported out of suitable habitats and into active washes where they would be lost from the seed bank.
Ectopia lentis in Loeys‐Dietz syndrome type 4
Authors: Braverman Alan C. , Blinder Kevin J. , Khanna Sangeeta , Willing Marcia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLoeys‐Dietz syndrome is a heritable disorder of the connective tissue leading to multisystem involvement including craniofacial features, skeletal abnormalities, cutaneous findings and early‐onset and aggressive disease of the aorta and its branches. There are multiple types of Loeys‐Dietz syndrome related to pathogenic variants in TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SMAD3, TGFB2, and TGFB3. Individuals with Loeys‐Dietz syndrome may be misdiagnosed as having Marfan syndrome due to shared phenotypic features and aortic root dilation. However, ectopia lentis has been an important discriminating feature, being unique to Marfan syndrome and not reported to be associated with Loeys‐Dietz syndrome. We report the case of a 46‐year‐old woman with Loeys‐Dietz syndrome type 4 due to a pathogenic variant in TGFB2 who was diagnosed with ectopia lentis at age 44. The patient underwent whole exome sequencing and no other pathogenic variants were found to explain the ectopia lentis. Our findings indicate that ectopia lentis may be an uncommon finding in Loeys‐Dietz syndrome type 4 and emphasize the importance of genetic testing in familial thoracic aortic aneurysm disease.
LncRNA TMPO‐AS1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion through sponging miR‐329‐3p to stimulate FOXK1‐mediated AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Guo Xiaobo , Wang Yun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death worldwide. Numerous analyses have revealed the abnormal expression of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in HCC cells. This study aims to explore biological functions of lncRNA TMPO‐AS1 (TMPO antisense RNA 1) in HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration.MethodsThe gene expression in HCC tissues and cell lines were measured by qRT‐PCR. The role of TMPO‐AS1 in HCC was confirmed by CCK‐8, colony formation, TUNEL, transwell and western blot as well as by in vivo experiments. RNA pull down and luciferase reporter assays were utilized to prove the binding relationship between TMPO‐AS1/FOXK1 (forkhead box K1) andmiR‐329‐3p. Rescue assays elucidated the regulatory effects of TMPO‐AS1/miR‐329‐3p/FOXK1/AKT/mTOR pathway on cellular activities in HCC.ResultsTMPO‐AS1was upregulated in HCC tissues and cells and its depletion inhibits HCC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT process as well as tumor growth. Furthermore, TMPO‐AS1 could bind with miR‐329‐3p, which suppressed HCC cell proliferation. FOXK1 served as the target gene of miR‐329‐3p and TMPO‐AS1 upregulated FOXK1 by sponging miR‐329‐3p in HCC cells. Additionally, FOXK1 overexpression or miR‐329‐3p inhibitor neutralized the repressing effects of TMPO‐AS1 knockdown on HCC development. Finally, it verified that TMPO‐AS1 could regulate AKT/mTOR pathway via FOXK1 to promote HCC.ConclusionTMPO‐AS1 contributes to HCC progression by sponging miR‐329‐3p to activate FOXK1‐mediated AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
A New Methodology for Quantifying the Surface Crystallography of Particles from their Tomographic Reconstruction: Application to Pd Nanoparticles Embedded in a Mesoporous Silica Shell
Authors: Baaziz Walid , Valette Sébastien , Gay Anne‐Sophie , Hirlimann Charles , Ersen Ovidiu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, we propose an experimental approach allowing for the identification and the subsequent quantification of nanoparticles crystallographic facets, based on 3D data obtained using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The particle shape and faceting can be determined using Electron Tomography (ET) combined with High‐Resolution TEM (HR‐TEM). The quantitative analysis of faceting is carried out on the particles 3D models using a geometrical approach that automatically detects planar regions on particle boundaries. In order to check the reliability of our approach, we analyzed palladium particles confined inside or located at the outer surface of a mesoporous silica shell (Pd@SiO2) after an annealing treatment at 250 °C under hydrogen for 12 hours. From the materials perspective, the aim of the current work is to investigate the encapsulation effect of silica (SiO2) shells on the change in morphology and faceting of palladium nanoparticles during such annealing treatment.
A Novel CuBi2O4/BiOBr Direct Z‐scheme Photocatalyst For Efficient Antibiotics Removal: Synergy of Adsorption and Photocatalysis on Degradation Kinetics and Mechanism Insight
Authors: Huang Shushu , Wang Guodong , Liu Jiaqi , Du Chunfang , Su Yiguo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel direct Z‐scheme CuBi2O4/BiOBr heterostructural photocatalyst was developed aiming to modulate the adsorption ability and photocatalytic degradation performance toward antibiotics. Tetracycline as the model antibiotics was found to show pH value and temperature dependent adsorption capacity over CuBi2O4/BiOBr. The adsorption process was fitted to Pseudo‐second‐order and Elovich kinetic models and adsorption isotherm was followed Freundich isotherm model. Junction of CuBi2O4 and BiOBr can modulate the surface feature and interfacial interactions, leading to direct Z‐scheme charge kinetics for improved photocatalytic activity. The adsorptive capability and photocatalytic performance of CuBi2O4/BiOBr heterojunction showed great improvement in comparison with pristine CuBi2O4 and BiOBr. The mineralization process and intermediates for tetracycline degradation were identified by total organic carbon analysis and liquid chromatograph‐tandem mass spectrometry. Plausible transformation pathway and photocatalytic mechanism were proposed. Radical trapping experiments indicated that photogenerated holes and ⋅O2−active species played crucial roles in photocatalytic tetracycline decomposition.
Local stability of partially restrained rectangular tubes subject to shear, compression, and bending
Authors: Bedair Osama 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates local stability of tube sections subject to shear, compression, and bending. A closed form expression is proposed by idealizing the tube components as partially restrained against rotation and in‐plane translation. The derived expression is validated for limiting conditions with existing design expressions that are available in engineering standards. It is shown that the buckling stress may differ by 38% due to the rotational and lateral restraints. The proposed expressions can be utilized by practitioners to compute buckling load for various applied stress ratios with reasonable accuracy.
Die Entwicklung der Verfahrenstechnik an der TU Kaiserslautern
Authors: Antonyuk Sergiy , Bart Hans-Jörg , Hasse Hans , Ripp Marcus , Ripperger Siegfried , Ulber Roland 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIm Jahr 1970 wurde die Doppeluniversität Kaiserslautern‐Trier gegründet, aus der 1975 die beiden eigenständigen Universitäten Trier und Kaiserslautern hervorgingen. Um den Schwerpunkt der Universität Kaiserslautern in den Ingenieurwissenschaften zu betonen, wurde diese 2003 in „Technische Universität Kaiserslautern” umbenannt. In den 50 Jahren ihres Bestehens war der Aufbau und die Weiterentwicklung der Verfahrenstechnik einer der Schwerpunkte des Fachbereiches Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik. Der Artikel beleuchtet diesen Entwicklungsweg und stellt die damaligen und aktuellen Forschungsgebiete der vier verfahrenstechnischen Lehrstühle der TU Kaiserslautern vor.
Are the atrial natriuretic peptides a missing link predicting low‐voltage areas in atrial fibrillation? Introducing the novel biomarker‐based atrial fibrillation substrate prediction (ANP) score
Authors: Seewöster Timm , Büttner Petra , Zeynalova Samira , Hindricks Gerhard , Kornej Jelena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), left atrial (LA) enlargement, and the presence of low‐voltage areas (LVAs) indicate an advanced disease stage. NT‐proANP is a biomarker, which is significantly higher in both phenotypes. Prediction of LVAs before catheter ablation could impact the prognosis and therapeutical management in AF patients.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to (a) analyze the predictive value of a novel biomarker‐based AF substrate prediction score, and (b) compare it with DR‐FLASH and APPLE scores.MethodsPatients undergoing first AF catheter ablation were included. LA volume (LAV) was analyzed prior to ablation using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Blood plasma samples from the femoral vein were collected before AF ablation. NT‐proANP was analyzed using commercially available assays. LVAs were determined using high‐density maps during catheter ablation and defined as <0.5 mV. The novel ANP score (one point for Age ≥ 65 years, NT‐proANP > 17 ng/mL, and Persistent AF) was calculated at baseline.ResultsThe study population included 156 AF patients (64 ± 10 years, 65% males, 61% persistent AF, 28% LVAs). The cut‐off ANP score ≥ 2 demonstrated 77% sensitivity and 70% specificity. On logistic regression (odds ratio [OR] 3.469) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (area under the curve [AUC] 0.778, P < .001), the ANP score significantly predicted LVAs presence. There were no differences between novel ANP score – which is a new one ‐ is described in the Abstract; with APPLE (AUC 0.718, P = .378) and DR‐FLASH (AUC 0.766, P = .856) scores.ConclusionsThe novel biomarker‐based ANP score demonstrates good prediction of LVAs.
Bioequivalence and Bioavailability of an Orodispersible Tablet of Sildenafil Citrate in Healthy Chinese Male Subjects
Authors: Lv Yuan , Luo Bin‐yu , LaBadie Robert R. , Zhu Hua , Feng Yan , Ernst Cynthia , Crownover Penelope H. , Liang Yali , Zhao Qinying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSildenafil citrate is approved to treat erectile dysfunction. An orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) of sildenafil citrate that does not require swallowing or administration with fluids has been developed. The bioequivalence and bioavailability of sildenafil citrate ODT (50 mg) without and with water were compared with conventional sildenafil citrate tablets (50 mg) in an open‐label, randomized crossover study. Healthy Chinese male subjects (n = 36) were allocated to 1 of 6 sildenafil citrate treatment sequences under fasted conditions, and plasma samples for determination of sildenafil concentrations were collected predose through 14 hours postdose. Bioequivalence was demonstrated for sildenafil citrate ODT administered without water relative to the sildenafil citrate tablet administered with water; 90%CIs for the ratios of adjusted geometric means for sildenafil AUClast, Cmax, and AUCinf (ratio, 101.41%; 90%CI, 95.49%‐107.70%; ratio, 93.55%; 90%CI, 84.15%‐104.00%; and ratio, 101.03%; 90%CI, 94.80%‐107.66%; respectively) were wholly contained within the bioequivalence acceptance range of 80% to 125%, indicating bioequivalence criteria were met. Relative bioavailability of sildenafil citrate ODT administered with water to the sildenafil citrate tablet (50 mg) administered with water was 97.10%, 91.43%, and 97.09% with respect to sildenafil AUClast, Cmax, and AUCinf, respectively (90%CI, 91.43%‐03.12%, 82.25%‐101.65%, and 90.90%‐103.71%, respectively). Both sildenafil citrate formulations were generally well tolerated in healthy Chinese men. Sildenafil citrate ODT administered without or with water was bioequivalent to or met bioequivalence criteria compared with conventional sildenafil citrate tablets administered with water under fasted conditions in healthy Chinese men, thus offering a convenient alternative method of oral administration.
Changes in water quality related to permafrost thaw may significantly impact zooplankton in small Arctic lakes
Authors: Vucic Jasmina M. , Gray Derek K. , Cohen Rachel S. , Syed Maariyah , Murdoch Alyssa D. , Sharma Sapna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRising temperatures are leading to permafrost thaw over vast areas of the northern hemisphere. In the Canadian Arctic, permafrost degradation is causing significant changes in surface water quality due to the release of solutes that can alter conductivity, water clarity, and nutrient levels. For this study, we examined how changes in water quality associated with permafrost thaw might impact zooplankton, a group of organisms that play an important role in the food web of Arctic lakes. We conducted a biological and water quality survey of 37 lakes in the Mackenzie Delta region of Canada’s Northwest Territories. We then used this data set to develop models linking variation in the abundance, diversity, and evenness of zooplankton communities to physicochemical, biological, and spatial variables. Subsequently, we used these models to predict how zooplankton communities might respond as water quality is altered by permafrost thaw. Our models explained 47%, 68%, and 69% of the variation in zooplankton abundance, diversity, and evenness, respectively. Importantly, the most parsimonious models always included variables affected by permafrost thaw, such as calcium and conductivity. Predictions based on our models suggest significant increases in zooplankton abundance (1.6–3.6 fold) and decreases in diversity (1.2–1.7 fold) and evenness (1.1–1.4 fold) in response to water quality changes associated with permafrost thaw. These changes are in line with those described for significant perturbations such as eutrophication, acidification, and the introduction of exotic species such as the spiny water flea (Bythotrephes). Given their important role in aquatic food webs, we expect these changes in zooplankton communities will have ramifications for organisms at higher (fish) and lower (phytoplankton) trophic positions in Arctic lakes.