bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of recent progress in modern synthetic approach—combinatorial synthesis
Authors: Gopi Chandravadivelu , Krupamai Gudapati , Sri Chitikina Satya , Dhanaraju Magharla Dasaratha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
In recent times, a powerful tool of combinatorial synthesis has been used for the preparation of large chemical entities through a small set up of reactions between different building blocks using solid-phase and solution-phase techniques. This method reduced the time and cost of the drug discovery process substantially.

Main text
Thousands of compounds are synthesised in a few reactions through combinatorial synthesis instead of getting a few compounds in the traditional method. This method also helps to identify chemical lead of the compounds and optimise them through the biological screening using a high-throughput method. There is no review concerning the recent research finding of combinatorial synthesis. Hence, an attempt had been made on the latest research findings (2002–2020) of newly synthesised compounds using combinatorial synthesis and their biological activities.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, the current review has completely analysed the importance of combinatorial synthesis and furnished an overview of solid-phase and solution-phase techniques as well as helped mankind by improving higher productivity at low cost, lead identification and optimization and preventing environmental pollution.

Graphical abstract
Red blood cell carbonic anhydrase mediates oxygen delivery via the Root effect in red drum
Authors: Dichiera Angelina M. , Esbaugh Andrew J. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) transport are tightly coupled in many fishes as a result of the presence of Root effect hemoglobins (Hb), whereby reduced pH reduces O2 binding even at high O2 tensions. Red blood cell carbonic anhydrase (RBC CA) activity limits the rate of intracellular acidification, yet its role in O2 delivery has been downplayed. We developed an in vitro assay to manipulate RBC CA activity while measuring Hb-O2 offloading following a physiologically relevant CO2-induced acidification. RBC CA activity in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) was inhibited with ethoxzolamide by 53.7±0.5%, which prompted a significant reduction in O2 offloading rate by 54.3±5.4% (P=0.0206, two-tailed paired t-test; n=7). Conversely, a 2.03-fold increase in RBC CA activity prompted a 2.14-fold increase in O2 offloading rate (P&lt;0.001, two-tailed paired t-test; n=8). This approximately 1:1 relationship between RBC CA activity and Hb-O2 offloading rate coincided with a similar allometric scaling exponent for RBC CA activity and maximum metabolic rate. Together, our data suggest that RBC CA is rate limiting for O2 delivery in red drum.
Chiral Guanidine Catalyzed Acylative Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 2-Bromo-1-arylethanols
Authors: Sawada Erika , Nakata Kenya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, chiral guanidine catalyzed acylative kinetic resolution of racemic 2-bromo-1-arylethanols was achieved with high selectivity. Irrespective of the electronic nature and the substitution patterns on the aromatic rings, a variety of substrates were suitable for this reaction. The branched acyl component was considered to be optimal for obtaining high s-values. The transition state of the reaction was proposed based on the absolute configuration of the obtained product.
First report of Serratia marcescens associated with black rot of Citrus sinensis fruit, and evaluation of its biological control measures in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mohammed Faruk , Islam Mohammed Asadul , Sikdar Biswanath 
Published: November 2020

Background: The present study was designed to isolate and identify the phyto-pathogen responsible for black rot of Citrus sinensis, and to determine its biological control measures. Methods: The pathogen was isolated from infected oranges and cultured on Luria-Bertani medium. Gram staining method was used to identify the morphological characteristics of the causal agents of the black rot. Advanced molecular technique was applied to facilitate proper detection of the isolated bacteria. Phylogenetic trees were analyzed using the Neighbor-Joining method. Antimicrobial screening was conducted by disc diffusion method. Antagonistic activity was evaluated by well diffusion method. Results: Gram staining of the causal agent showed rod shaped, small and pink bacteria. Polymerase chain reaction of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplified an approximately 1465 bp product. The nucleotide sequences of the isolated bacterial sample 1 (BS1) and bacterial sample 2 (BS2) had 99.34% and 99.45% similarities with the reference of Serratia marcescens sequence in NCBI GenBank. The obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank. Two isolates showed virulence capability on some fresh fruits, which confirmed the stain detection and Koch’s postulates. Allium sativum extract showed the largest (27.33±1.5 mm) diameter of zone of inhibition against BS1, at 30µg/disc concentration. In the antagonistic assay, Rhizobium leguminosarum showed largest (19±1 mm) zone of inhibition against BS1. Conclusions: Findings of the current investigations are constructive for identification of causative pathogens in Citrus sinensis black rot disease and their biological control measures.
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Generation 2 questionnaire data capture May-July 2020
Authors: Smith Daniel , Northstone Kate , Bowring Claire , Wells Nicholas , Crawford Michael , Pearson Rebecca M. , Thomas Amy , Brooks-Pollock Ellen , Lawlor Deborah A. , Timpson Nicholas John 
Published: November 2020

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 from the Bristol area (UK). ALSPAC has followed these women, their partners (Generation 0; G0) and their offspring (Generation 1; G1) ever since. From 2012, ALSPAC has identified G1 participants who were pregnant (or their partner was) or had become parents, and enrolled them, their partners, and children in the ALSPAC-Generation 2 (ALSPAC-G2) study, providing a unique multi-generational cohort. At present, approximately 1,100 G2 children (excluding thosein utero) from 810 G1 participants have been enrolled.In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, ALSPAC rapidly deployed two online questionnaires; one during the initial lockdown phase in 2020 (9thApril-15thMay), and another when national lockdown restrictions were eased (26thMay-5thJuly). As part of this second questionnaire, G1 parents completed a questionnaire about each of their G2 children. This covered: parental reports of children’s feelings and behaviour since lockdown, school attendance, contact patterns, and health. A total of 289 G1 participants completed this questionnaire on behalf of 411 G2 children.This COVID-19 G2 questionnaire data can be combined with pre-pandemic ALSPAC-G2 data, plus ALSPAC-G1 and -G0 data, to understand how children’s health and behaviour has been affected by the pandemic and its management. Data from this questionnaire will be complemented with linkage to health records and results of biological testing as they become available. Prospective studies are necessary to understand the impact of this pandemic on children’s health and development, yet few relevant studies exist; this resource will aid these efforts.Data has been released as: 1) a freely-available dataset containing participant responses with key sociodemographic variables; and 2) an ALSPAC-held dataset which can be combined with existing ALSPAC data, enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study.
Analysis of the interpretation field of the CORONAVIRUS concept in German-language poetic Internet texts
Authors: Dacko D. 
Published: November 2020

Classical concepts LEBEN (LIFE), TOD (DEATH), LIEBE (LOVE), NATUR (NATURE) as well as representations from other fields: religion (АPOKALYPSE, ARMAGEDDON), domestic life (ALLTAG (EVERYDAY LIFE), FAMILIENKRISE (FAMILY CRISIS), economics and politics (FINANZKRISE (FINANCIAL CRISIS), sport (FUßBALL (FOOTBALL), SPORT, DOPING (PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUG), philosophy (ABSURDITÄT DES MENSCHLICHEN LEBENS (ABSURDITY OF HUMAN EXISTENCE) are explicated within the context of the German poetry discourse of the XXI century. However in 2020 due to the spread of coronavirus infection, which had an impact on world society, it becomes relevant to consider the methods of the CORONAVIRUS concept implementation in the context of German poetry Internet discourse of the XXI century.
Special attention focuses on three main groups of poetic texts: a poem- appeal; a poem-advice; a poem that creates a positive attitude; a poem that creates a sense of anxiety, which raise this problem. In the texts under study, the main set of linguostylistic means has been identified that serve as ways of manifestation of the CORONAVIRUS concept: epithets, chains of negative-evaluative lexical items, metaphors, rhetorical questions. However, the prevailing means are imperative constructions that have an influential character.
Demographic Patterns of Reurbanisation and Housing in Metropolitan Regions in the US and Germany
Authors: Brombach Karoline , Jessen Johann , Siedentop Stefan , Zakrzewski Philipp 
Published: November 2020

After decades of decline, first signs of a central and inner city revitalisation were noticed towards the end of the 1980s in North American metropolitan areas. The repopulation and redevelopment of the metropolitan cores – often referred to as “reurbanisation”, “urban renaissance” or “back-to-the-city-movement” – has accelerated since then and is today one of the outstanding characteristics of recent urban development in the US. In Western and Central European urban regions, reurbanisation patterns were detected some years later although starting from a different level, as the inner cities have never faced a process of decay to the extent that was known in North American cities. At present, reurbanisation is intensely debated in urban and regional research. Although the evidence of reurbanisation is hardly questioned any longer, there is considerable uncertainty about how this new pattern of population change can be explained, how long it will last and how it will change the spatial urban structure of metropolitan areas in the long run. In this paper, we comparatively investigate recent trends of urban development in the US and Germany based on both survey and case study methods, with a focus on demographic patterns and housing. Our results suggest that reurbanisation is a universal trend in large metro regions in the Global North, manifesting itself as a significant repopulation and densification of core areas. At the same time, we found considerable divergence in terms of scale, dynamics and sociodemographic composition of reurbanisation patterns in the selected regions of the US and Germany. * This article belongs to a special issue on reurbanisation.
Short Communication: A new cyprinid fish Barilius cyanochlorus from Kerala, India
Authors: Plamoottil Dr. Mathews , VINEETH K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Plamoottil M, Vineeth K. 2020. Short Communication: A new cyprinid fish Barilius cyanochlorus from Kerala, India. Biodiversitas 21: 5389-5393. A new Barilius species is described from a small freshwater stream at Kasargod district of Kerala, India. It can be distinguished from its congeners in having a body with blackish-brown dorsal and upper laterals, greenish-yellow middle part and silvery lower lateral part, 8 vertical bands on mid-lateral region, each of these bands with 2 segments-lower blue part and upper green part, a large round blotch on the caudal base with similar color pattern, dorsal fin with basal 2/3 portion brown and distal 1/3 part orange-red, anal fin orange-red, pectoral fin pale reddish, 14-16 pre-dorsal scales and 37-39 lateral line scales. The new species is taxonomically analyzed, compared with its congeners, scientifically named and described.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F3B30158-CE71-496B-B8F4-B7645C2AD8B4
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7763B3FE-6A97-447E-B718-2FB34807DFF9
IMPACT OF REGIONAL FACTORS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERDEVELOPED REGIONS OF SIBERIA
Authors: Mongush S. P. 
Published: November 2020

Due to various factors, the regions of Russia have significant differences in the level of socio-economic development. Thus, each region of Russia has certain specific qualities inherent only to it, which must be taken into account when implementing regional policy. By reducing the influence of negative factors and, conversely, activating positive ones, it is possible to significantly increase the competitiveness of regional economies and the country as a whole.
One of the features of the economies of the underdeveloped regions of Siberia is a significant share in their structure of low-productivity and low-tech industries, a lack of investment capital, low innovative activity of business entities, poor development of the territory, insufficient transport infrastructure, a shortage of highly qualified personnel and a number of others. The strategic priority of the state's economic policy in recent years in relation to underdeveloped regions is to achieve an acceptable average Russian level. In this regard, it becomes relevant to search for natural competitive advantages that can provide, through the correct and justified selection of "growth points" based on the use of the internal potential of such territories of their more dynamic development in relation to the most successful regions.
Tensile behaviour identification in Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites: indirect tension tests and back analysis of flexural test results
Authors: Lo Monte Francesco , Ferrara Liberato 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWithin the framework of the European Programme Horizon 2020, the Research Project ReSHEALience is currently running with the objective of developing a new approach for the design of structures exposed to extremely aggressive environments, based on Durability Assessment based Design and Life Cycle Analysis. To this aim, new advanced Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites with improved durability, called Ultra-High Durability Concretes, are under investigation to characterize their tensile response in both ordinary and very aggressive conditions. In this context, the first step is to develop an effective approach for identifying the main parameters describing the overall behaviour in tension. In the present study, indirect tension tests have been performed via two techniques, based on Double Edge Wedge Splitting and 4-Point Bending Tests. Starting from the test results, a combined experimental-numerical identification procedure has been implemented in order to evaluate the effective material behaviour in direct tension in terms of stress–strain law. In the paper, the mechanical characterization for the reference mix is reported so to describe the identification procedure adopted.
A Prática do Yoga no Pré-natal: redução do estresse e outros achados
Authors: Araújo Maria Antonieta Nascimento , Prado Beatriz Gavazzi Lopes 
Published: November 2020

Na gestação, a mulher está suscetível a diversos fatores que geram estresse recorrente. Tais fatores, descritos como estressores, são considerados disparadores de sintomas de angústia que, eventualmente, evoluem para quadros de ansiedade e depressão (pré e pós-parto), e mesmos respostas orgânicas, como a elevação das taxas de biomarcadores do estresse como o cortisol, o de maior abundância. O yoga foi apontado como benéfico para o sistema hipotálamo-pituitária-adrenal (HPA), repercutindo no Sistema Nervoso Autônomo (SNA), com consequente melhora na saúde física e mental. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e sistematizar o conhecimento produzido pela literatura científica acerca dos efeitos do yoga sobre o estresse em mulheres grávidas. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma revisão integrativa de conteúdos, em artigos da base de dados do Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (MEDLINE), no período de 2012 a 2019. Mediante a busca em descritores – yoga; gravidez; pregnancy; stress – chegou-se a 124 estudos, entre os quais, 13 deles obedeciam aos critérios de inclusão para serem revisados. Depois das análises, os desfechos das intervenções com yoga foram categorizados enquanto efeitos primários e secundários, os primeiros refletindo os sintomas do estresse na gestação e os secundários representando os seus efeitos no que tange a dor e desconforto na gestação e parto e marcadores de saúde do recém-nascido. Conclusão: o yoga no pré-natal de gestantes foi considerado eficaz e os benefícios levantados colocam-na como uma estratégia que pode ser prescrita, tanto de forma preventiva como complementar no tratamento dos sintomas do estresse na gestação. Acrescenta-se que, tendo em vista os impactos psicológicos do surto pandêmico do Covid-19, na atualidade, a prática de yoga pode ser uma importante ferramenta para o cuidado da saúde mental de gestantes neste período.
Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among microcytic anaemic premenopausal patients at tertiary care hospital, Karachi
Authors: Memon Ghulam Abbas , Khan Tooba Jawed , Abbas Shabnam , Shaikh Ghulam Abbas , Shah Nusrat , Kayani Hammad Afzal , Habib Muhammad Atif 
Published: November 2020

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the prevalent form of anaemia which has become a major public health problem, globally. Women in the reproductive age group (15–49 years of age) are at increased risk, especially in the South Asian population. It is of paramount importance to identify these micronutrient deficiencies in this age group as it adversely affects the birth outcomes, but the mother and the child at risk of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Civil Hospital, Karachi for 12 months i.e. October, 2018 to December, 2019. Data was prospectively collected from patients after obtaining written informed consent. 377 patients were included who met the diagnostic criteria. Descriptive statistics were used and qualitative data analysis; mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages were respectively calculated. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification to see the effect of these on the outcome variable. For post-stratification, the chi-square test was applied with a p value of≤0.05.Results: A total of 377 patients with microcytic anaemia were enrolled from Civil Hospital, Karachi. Mean age, duration of anaemia, haemoglobin, height, weight and BMI in our study was 29.28±6.14 years, 1.41±0.26 months, 9.27±0.86 mg/dl, 26.72±1.56 kg/m2, 138±7.28 cm and 78.7±9.87 kg. Out of 377 patients with microcytic anaemia, 144 (38.2%) and 233 (61.8%) had and did not have iron deficiency anaemia. Conclusions: IDA is frequently found in microcytic anaemia patients. Thus, it is important to screen premenopausal in female patients for iron deficiency presenting with microcytic anaemia to prevent adverse outcomes.
Utilization and associated factors of sexual and reproductive health services among adolescents of Kathmandu district, Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Sushma , Nepal Susmita , Mali Prajita , Baskota Swechhya , Aryal Richa , Thapa Alisha , Chaudhary Vidya , Malla Nabina 
Published: November 2020

Background: There seems to be huge differences in availability and utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health information and services despite of taking decisive step by Government of Nepal. The main aim of the study is to access the utilization and factors associated with SRH services among adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 406 adolescent students of grade 11 and 12 which were taken as census in selected higher secondary schools of Kathmandu District through simple random sampling technique. The utilization of SRH services was assessed by semi-structured validated and pretested questionnaire which includes socio-demographic, utilization of sexual health and reproductive health (SRH) services and sexual behaviours. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS version 20 where Chi-square tests is done to identify the associated factors with utilization SRH services utilization.Results: Overall utilization in last 12 months was 17.2% and was found to be strongly associated with availability of services within 30 minutes of walking distance (p value=0.001), interaction with parents (p-value: 0.02) and with sexually being active within 12 months (p value=0.001). Utilization of SRH services was slightly higher among females (19.8%) compared to males (15.3%). Most utilized services were services related to menstrual problems and family planning including ECP. This study concludes that fear of family and society hinders the utilization of SRH services.Conclusions: As adolescent fear to talk and seek for the services, due to the social cultural norms and stigma attached to SRH services, utilization among adolescent of selected colleges in Kathmandu is low.
Sensori-motor recovery in post-stroke shoulder pain: a correlation study
Authors: Mukherjee Ushnish , Kundu Sourav , Gulati Rachit , Mandal Pankaj Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Background: The prevalence of pain in affected shoulder among post-stroke patients ranges from 34% to 84%. Numerous theories exist to explain the patho-mechanics behind development of Post-stroke shoulder pain, but its relationship with the sensori-motor recovery of the affected limb is still controversial. This study was conducted to detect the correlation, if any, between post-stroke shoulder pain and sensori-motor recovery of the affected upper limb. Methods: This observational longitudinal study was conducted on 73 patients of both sexes within the age group of 45-65 years having presentation of post-stroke (duration<6weeks) shoulder pain. Pain intensity was recorded in numerical rating scale (NRS). Sensorimotor recovery of the affected limb was assessed by Fugl- Meyer assessment scale of upper extremity (FMA-UE). Data were collected at the baseline (visit1), at 6 weeks (visit 2), 12 weeks (visit 3) and at the end of the study i.e., 24 weeks (visit 4). Results: Statistically significant negative correlations were found between severity of pain (assessed with NRS) and sensory-motor recovery (assessed with FMA-UE) on each visit with correlation coefficients (Spearman rho, r) being r=-0.890, p=0.000 on visit1, r=-0.685, p=0.000 on visit2, r=-0.629, p=0.000 on visit3 and r=-0.458, p=0.000 on visit 4.Conclusions: Post-stroke shoulder pain plays a significant negative role in sensori-motor recovery of the affected upper limb requiring early intervention.