bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints to Farmers’ Choice of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Ondo State of Nigeria
Authors: Ige George Olanrewaju , Akinnagbe Oluwole Matthew , Odefadehan Olalekan Olamigoke , Ogunbusuyi Opeyemi Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNigeria being dependent on rain-fed agriculture and with low level of socioeconomic development is highly affected and vulnerable to climate change. It is crucial for farmers to adapt to the never ending climate change. However, there are constraints to adaptation strategies used by the farmers. This study therefore identified some of the constraints to the farmers’ choice of climate change adaptation strategies in Ondo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used in selecting one hundred and sixty respondents for the study. Data collected with a well-structured interview schedule were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and mean statistic, while Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test hypothesis. Crops competing for nutrient, inadequate access to climate information, inadequate finance, scarcity of labor, and inadequate farm input supplies were among the major constraints to choice of climate change adaptation strategies used by the respondents. The study recommended that weather forecast information should be published and made available to the farmers through agricultural extension agents. Training on how to improve mixed cropping technique and avoid vulnerability should be pursued.
A recurrent construction of irreducible polynomials of fixed degree over finite fields
Authors: Kyureghyan Gohar M. , Kyureghyan Melsik K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper we consider in detail the composition of an irreducible polynomial with $$X^2$$

X
2

and suggest a recurrent construction of irreducible polynomials of fixed degree over finite fields of odd characteristics. More precisely, given an irreducible polynomial of degree n and order $$2^rt$$

2
r

t

with t odd, the construction produces $$ord_t(2)$$

o
r

d
t

(
2
)

irreducible polynomials of degree n and order t. The construction can be used for example to search irreducible polynomials with specific requirements on its coefficients.
ADHS im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Update 2020
Authors: Popow Christian , Ohmann Susanne 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätssyndrom (ADHS) ist eine häufige, chronische neuropsychiatrische Störung mit genetischem Hintergrund, multiplen Komorbiditäten und einem großen Spektrum an individuellen und sozialen Beeinträchtigungen. Trotz zahlreicher positiver Eigenschaften und meist erfolgreicher medikamentöser Therapie bestehen langfristige, individuelle Auffälligkeiten und Dysfunktionen und bedingen auch im Erwachsenenalter eine deutliche Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität. Ungelöste Probleme sind vor allem transgenerationale soziale Belastungen, schwere Verlaufsformen mit komorbider Störung des Sozialverhaltens, therapeutische Versäumnisse und Non-Compliance sowie die Frage effektiver Prävention. Der Übersichtsbeitrag versucht, die Erkenntnisse der letzten 10 Jahre zusammenzufassen und einen Einblick in die Komplexität der Bedingungen, Auswirkungen, Diagnostik und Therapie zu geben.
Identification by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting of xenogeneic antigens in the N- and O-glycomes of porcine, bovine and equine heart tissues
Authors: Jin Chunsheng , Cherian Reeja Maria , Liu Jining , Playà-Albinyana Heribert , Galli Cesare , Karlsson Niclas G. , Breimer Michael E. , Holgersson Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnimal bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) are used to replace defective valves in patients with valvular heart disease. Especially young BHV recipients may experience a structural valve deterioration caused by an immune reaction in which α-Gal and Neu5Gc are potential target antigens. The expression of these and other carbohydrate antigens in animal tissues used for production of BHV was explored. Protein lysates of porcine aortic and pulmonary valves, and porcine, bovine and equine pericardia were analyzed by Western blotting using anti-carbohydrate antibodies and lectins.N-glycans were released by PNGase F digestion andO-glycans by β-elimination. Released oligosaccharides were analyzed by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 102N-glycans and 40O-glycans were identified in animal heart tissue lysates. TheN- andO-glycan patterns were different between species. α-Gal and Neu5Gc were identified on bothN- andO-linked glycans,N,N´-diacetyllactosamine (LacdiNAc) onN-glycans only and sulfatedO-glycans. The relative amounts of α-Gal-containingN-glycans were higher in bovine compared to equine and porcine pericardia. In contrast to the restricted number of proteins carrying α-Gal and LacdiNAc, the distribution of proteins carrying Neu5Gc-determinants varied between species and between different tissues of the same species. Porcine pericardium carried the highest level of Neu5Gc-sialylatedO-glycans, and bovine pericardium the highest level of Neu5Gc-sialylatedN-glycans. The identifiedN-andO-linked glycans, some of which may be immunogenic and remain in BHVs manufactured for clinical use, could direct future genetic engineering to prevent glycan expression rendering the donor tissues less immunogenic in humans.
Evaluation of the English Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Its Relationship with Behavior Change and Political Beliefs
Authors: Winter Taylor , Riordan Benjamin C. , Pakpour Amir H. , Griffiths Mark D. , Mason Andre , Poulgrain John W. , Scarf Damian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has many individuals around the world fearing for their lives. The constant news coverage, rapid transmission, and relatively high mortality rate, make fearfulness a natural response. To assess the fear of COVID-19, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was developed. The primary aim of the present study was to conduct the first psychometric assessment and validation of the English version of the FCV-19S. Two samples were collected in New Zealand. Sample 1 comprised 1624 participants of which 1397 completed all questions and were used in the analyses. Sample 2 comprised 1111 participants of which 1023 completed all questions and were used in the analyses. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain the scale’s reliability and validity. Across both samples, the FCV-19S had high internal consistency. Consistent with the earlier validation studies, the FCV-19S displayed a moderately strong relationship with the perceived infectability and germ aversion subscales of the perceived vulnerability to disease scale (PVDS). Furthermore, FCV-19S scores were negatively correlated with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) scores. With respect to the motivating role of fear, there was a significant relationship between FCV-19S scores and adherence to the lockdown rules that were implemented in New Zealand. Finally, consistent with recent reports on the politicization of the COVID-19 pandemic, an exploratory question found that participants who rated themselves as more conservative tended to report lower FCV-19S scores. The English version of the COVID-19S is a sound unidimensional scale with robust psychometric properties and can be used with confidence among English-speaking populations.
Low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater pollution control
Authors: Deng Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStormwater represents a major non-point pollution source at an urban environment. To improve the treatment efficacy of stormwater infrastructure, low-cost adsorbents have increasingly gained attention over the past decades. This article aims to briefly discuss several key aspects and principles for utilization of low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater treatment. To determine whether a low-cost adsorbent is suitable for stormwater treatment, two aspects should be carefully assessed, including: 1) its adsorption mechanisms and behaviors that can influence the binding strength, adsorption kinetics, and treatment capacity; and 2) unwanted chemical leaching patterns that can affect the extent of water quality degradation. Furthermore, the application mode of an adsorbent in the system design influences the utilization efficiency. Adsorbents, after dosed to soil media in infrastructure, would eventually become ineffective after oversaturation. In contrast, standalone filters or innovative composite adsorbents (e.g., adsorbent-coated mulch chips) can enable a long-lasting adsorption due to periodic replacement with fresh adsorbents. The aforementioned principles play a key role in the success of urban stormwater treatment with low-cost adsorbents.
Effect of different conditions of storage on seed viability and seedling growth of six European wild fruit woody plants
Authors: Wawrzyniak Mikołaj Krzysztof , Michalak Marcin , Chmielarz Paweł 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Key message

Malus sylvestris(L.) Mill.,Pyrus communis(L.),Sorbus aucuparia(L.),Prunus avium(L.),Prunus padus(L.), andCornus sanguinea(L.) are related, co-occurring species producingorthodoxseeds. However, we observed differences in their response to storage conditions, such as storage at different seed moisture contents (5%, 8%, and 11%) and/or temperatures (− 3 °C, − 18 °C, and − 196 °C). Severe desiccation to ca. 5% of MC negatively affected seeds ofM. sylvestris. Seeds ofP. aviumwere sensitive to storage in LN or at − 18 °C.S. aucupariaseeds are best stored at − 3 °C, whereasC. sanguineaseeds tolerate desiccation and storage in LN. In general, species with deeper physiological dormancy (S. aucuparia,P. padus, andC. sanguinea) tended to be more tolerant to desiccation and low temperatures. For all species, storage conditions did not affect seedling growth.

Context
Wild fruit woody species face many threats such as genetic loss, population fragmentation, and alien species; thus, their genetic variability should be preserved.

Aims
To examine the effect of storage conditions on seed viability and the initial growth of seedlings of six European wild fruit species: Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., Pyrus communis (L.), Sorbus aucuparia (L.), Prunus avium (L.), Prunus padus (L.), and Cornus sanguinea (L.).

Methods
Seeds were desiccated to three different levels of moisture content (ca. 5, 8, or 11%) and stored at three different temperatures (− 3°, − 18°, or − 196 °C; liquid nitrogen, LN) for up to 3 years. Germination and seedling emergence tests were performed as well as measurement of seedling growth.

Results
Desiccation of M. sylvestris seeds from 10.7 to 4.9% significantly lowered germination from 91 to 77% and seedling emergence from 88 to 74%. In P. avium, LN storage significantly inhibited seedling emergence, both in the laboratory and the greenhouse, but did not affect total seed germination. In P. communis, P. padus, and C. sanguinea, neither germination nor seedling emergence was affected by seed storage conditions. There were small or no differences in stem height and root collar diameter in the first year of seedling growth of stored seeds.

Conclusion
Species with deeper physiological dormancy (S. aucuparia, P. padus, C. sanguinea) tended to be more tolerant of various storage conditions. Seeds of P. padus and C. sanguinea can be stored long term at − 18 °C or in LN at 5–8% MC without losing viability. M. sylvestris and P. avium seeds are sensitive to desiccation below 6% MC or low temperature of storage at − 18 °C or − 196 °C, respectively. We observed that storage conditions had significant influence on germination and seedling emergence but had no effect on seedling growth after the first growing season.
Unsupervised Qualitative Scoring for Binary Item Features
Authors: Ichikawa Koji , Tamano Hiroshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBinary features, such as categories, keywords, or tags, are widely used to describe product properties. However, these features are incomplete in that they do not contain several aspects of numerical information. The qualitative score of tags is widely used to describe which product is better in terms of the given property. For example, in a restaurant navigation site, properties such as mood, dishes, and location are given in the form of numerical values, representing the goodness of each aspect. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to estimate the qualitative score from the binary features of products. Based on a natural assumption that an item with a better property is more popular among users who prefer that property, in short, “experts know best,” we introduce both discriminative and generative models with which user preferences and item qualitative scores are inferred from user--item interactions. We constrain the space of the item qualitative score by item binary features so that the score of each item and tag can only have nonzero values when the item has the corresponding tag. This approach contributes to resolving the following difficulties: (1) no supervised data for the score estimation, (2) implicit user purpose, and (3) irrelevant tag contamination. We evaluate our models by using two artificial datasets and two real-world datasets of movie and book ratings. In the experiment, we evaluate the performances of our model under sparse transaction and noisy tag settings by using two artificial datasets. We also evaluate our models’ resolution for irrelevant tags using the real-world dataset of movie ratings and observe that our models outperform a baseline model. Finally, tag rankings obtained from the real-world datasets are compared with a baseline model.
New Challenge of Legal Studies in Twenty-First-Century Asia: Towards a Sustainable Society
Authors: KURUMISAWA Yoshiki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince the 1990s, the Japanese social structure has been changing mainly due to economic globalization. The gap between rich and poor has been widened. The economic policy of the government that tries to introduce the market-competition principle into all sectors in order to revive economic growth is promoting such social change. It seems illusionary that either activating market competition or the reconstruction of the welfare state could revive economic growth. Instead, we should consider a transformation from an industrial to a sustainable society as an inevitable course of social development in the twenty-first century. In 2015, the Japanese Association of the Sociology of Law (JASL) held a symposium entitled “Law and Legal Science in the Transformation to Sustainable Society” during its annual meeting. The main issue was which role legal studies can/must play in such a transformation. I think there are two different approaches. One is to establish the “sustainable principle” as a legal principle like the “precautionary principle” in environmental law. The other approach is to reconsider and reconstruct fundamental legal categories of modern law, which have supported industrial society as its legal infrastructure. This approach will be the subject of the paper. I will deal with the case of property rights to agricultural land.
Cognitive performance of preschool children with different types of non-syndromic craniosynostosis
Authors: Moreno-Villagómez Julieta , Yáñez-Téllez Guillermina , Prieto-Corona Belén , Seubert-Ravelo Ana N. , García Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:Craniosynostosis is defined as a premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. Several studies have revealed cognitive deficits in some children who had undergone surgery to treat craniosynostosis. However, no general distinction has been drawn in the cognitive abilities between the various types of craniosynostosis. The purpose of the present study was to analyze if there is a difference in cognitive and motor function among the different types of non-syndromic craniosynostosis in preschool children.Methods:Twenty-seven children with different types of non-syndromic craniosynostosis were assessed using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Third Edition, as well as the Quantitative, Memory and Motor scales of McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (MSCA). The children were aged between 3 and 5 years and 11 months. The various types of craniosynostosis were compared.Results:The unicoronal synostosis group performed significantly worse than the multisuture synostosis group on the MSCA Motor scale. No differences in cognitive functions were found between the various types of craniosynostosis.Conclusions:Children with unicoronal synostosis may experience impaired motor skills and screening of their motor ability is recommended.
Family and social functioning in adults with hoarding disorder
Authors: Davidson Eliza J. , Dozier Mary E. , Mayes Tina L. , Baer Kylie A. , Ayers Catherine R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hoarding is associated with problems engaging in social activities,
lower social support, increased isolation and poses substantial challenges
to family functioning. The aim of this investigation was to explore the
relationship between hoarding severity and family and social functioning
variables in 60 treatment-seeking adults with hoarding disorder (HD).
Participants completed a battery of self-report measures during a baseline
assessment completed prior to treatment. Forty-seven percent of participants
reported they live alone. Forty-eight percent of participants reported that
family and friends never visit them in their home, and 33% indicated they
never had visitors to their home, not even service workers or repair people.
Twelve percent of participants indicated they never visit with family or
friends outside of their home; however, 55% of participants endorsed phoning
family or friends more than 9 times each month. Increased clutter and
hoarding severity was associated with a lower frequency of family and
friends visiting in the home. Family competence and conflict were both
positively associated with hoarding severity. Our results shed light on
family and social impairment in HD and their relationship with symptom
severity; however, additional research should examine social dysfunction
among non-treatment-seeking individuals who may be more impaired or
isolated.
Long-Term Mental Health Effects of a Devastating Wildfire Are Amplified by Sociodemographic and Clinical Antecedents in College Students
Authors: Ritchie Amanda , Sautner Brenda , Omege Joy , Denga Edward , Nwaka Bernard , Akinjise Idowu , Corbett Sandra E. , Moosavi Shahram , Greenshaw Andrew , Chue Pierre , Li Xin-Min , Agyapong Vincent I. O 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study is to assess prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in students of Keyano College 18 months after a wildfire and to determine the predictors of likely MDD, GAD, and PTSD in the respondents.Methods:A quantitative cross-sectional survey was used to collect data through self-administered, paper-based questionnaires to determine likely MDD, GAD, and PTSD using the PHQ 9, GAD-7, and the PTSD Checklist for DSM 5, Part 3, respectively. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) using univariate analysis with chi-square tests.Results:Eighteen months after the wildfire, the 1-month prevalence rates for MDD, GAD, and PTSD among the college students were 23.4%, 18.7%, and 11.0%, respectively. There were statistically significant associations between multiple sociodemographic variables and the likelihood respondents presented with MDD, GAD, and PTSD 18 months after the wildfire. There were also associations between the likely MDD, GAD, and PTSD and abuse/dependence on alcohol and substances in respondents at 18 months.Conclusion:Our study has established prevalence rates for MDD, GAD, and PTDS among college students 18 months after the Fort McMurray wildfires. Further studies are needed to explore the impact of college-based mental health interventions on the long-term mental health effects of the wildfires.
The mapping class group action on -character varieties
Authors: GOLDMAN WILLIAM M. , LAWTON SEAN , XIA EUGENE Z. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLet $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}$ be a compact orientable surface of genus $g=1$ with $n=1$ boundary component. The mapping class group $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}$ acts on the $\mathsf{SU}(3)$-character variety of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}$. We show that the action is ergodic with respect to the natural symplectic measure on the character variety.
STABLY MEASURABLE CARDINALS
Authors: WELCH PHILIP D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe define a weak iterability notion that is sufficient for a number of arguments concerning
$\Sigma _{1}$
-definability at uncountable regular cardinals. In particular we give its exact consistency strength first in terms of the second uniform indiscernible for bounded subsets of
$\kappa $
:
$u_2(\kappa )$
, and secondly to give the consistency strength of a property of Lücke’s.TheoremThe following are equiconsistent:(i)There exists
$\kappa $
which is stably measurable;(ii)for some cardinal
$\kappa $
,
$u_2(\kappa )=\sigma (\kappa )$
;(iii)The
$\boldsymbol {\Sigma }_{1}$
-club property holds at a cardinal
$\kappa $
.Here
$\sigma (\kappa )$
is the height of the smallest
$M \prec _{\Sigma _{1}} H ( \kappa ^{+} )$
containing
$\kappa +1$
and all of
$H ( \kappa )$
. Let
$\Phi (\kappa )$
be the assertion: TheoremAssume
$\kappa $
is stably measurable. Then
$\Phi (\kappa )$
.And a form of converse:TheoremSuppose there is no sharp for an inner model with a strong cardinal. Then in the core model K we have:
$\mbox {``}\exists \kappa \Phi (\kappa ) \mbox {''}$
is (set)-generically absolute
${\,\longleftrightarrow \,}$
There are arbitrarily large stably measurable cardinals.When
$u_2(\kappa ) < \sigma (\kappa )$
we give some results on inner model reflection.
Composition and consequences of the IntCal20 radiocarbon calibration curve
Authors: Reimer Paula J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRadiocarbon calibration is necessary to correct for variations in atmospheric radiocarbon over time. The IntCal working group has developed an updated and extended radiocarbon calibration curve, IntCal20, for Northern Hemisphere terrestrial samples from 0 to 55,000 cal yr BP. This paper summarizes the new datasets, changes to existing datasets, and the statistical method used for constructing the new curve. Examples of the effect of the new calibration curve compared to IntCal13 for hypothetical radiocarbon ages are given. For the recent Holocene the effect is minimal, but for older radiocarbon ages the shift in calibrated ages can be up to several hundred years with the potential for multiple calibrated age ranges in periods with higher-resolution data. In addition, the IntCal20 curve is used to recalibrate the radiocarbon ages for the glaciation of the Puget Lowland and to recalculate the advance rate. The ice may have reached its maximum position a few hundred years earlier using the new calibration curve; the calculated advance rate is virtually unchanged from the prior estimate.