bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Capabilities and Opportunities for Next-Generation Ag–3D Zn Batteries
Authors: Parker Joseph F. , Ko Jesse , Rolison Debra R. , Long Jeffrey W. 
Published: February 2020

Silver–zinc batteries offer high specific energy (up to 190 Wh kg–1) and the highest specific power of any known commercial battery (up to 600 W kg–1 continuous power and 2,500 W kg–1 pulses). The Ag–Zn system operates using water-based electrolytes and nonhazardous active materials, providing an ideal battery alternative to Li-ion (flammable; explosive) and Pb-acid (toxic) in the diverse markets where these drawbacks must be avoided. Despite the many advantages of Ag–Zn batteries, adoption beyond specialized applications is hindered by a Zn anode that accesses only middling zinc specific capacity and has limited rechargeability. We have recently overcome these hurdles by developing a monolithic Zn sponge electrode that exhibits cycling durability in prototype Ni–Zn cells and a 50% greater specific capacity in Zn–air cells, both relative to the same systems that use conventional powder-bed Zn electrodes. The cathodes used in those chemistries are ill-equipped to counter-balance the specific power that the Zn sponge has to offer. Silver–zinc presents higher power and energy density than Ni–Zn batteries and a more market-ready cathode than Zn–air, making Ag–3D Zn an attractive battery chemistry with which to demonstrate the triumvirate of rechargeability, high specific energy, and high specific power. We present prototype Ag–3D Zn cells that discharge to record-breaking extreme depths-of-Zn-discharge, support rechargeability rarely seen in the Ag–Zn system, and can operate at 104–105 W kgZn
–1. Toward the goal of developing next-generation Ag–3D Zn batteries, we also describe our breakthroughs and existing challenges in: (i) the design of full cell Ag–3D Zn prototypes; (ii) the fabrication of beta 2.0 Zn sponges with tunable density; and (iii) the preparation of AgxO cathodes that support the high performance of Zn sponge anodes.
(Invited) Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Electrocatalysts for Li‒O2 Batteries
Authors: Lu Jun , Tan Guoqiang , Amine Khalil 
Published: February 2020

Recently, metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have been studied as cathode materials for Li‒O2 batteries due to their high catalytic activity, uniform structure, and simple preparation process. However, further optimization of materials and structures should be undertaken to improve their electrochemical performance for the practical application.1-3 Here we report a uniform MOF-derived multiple-capsule heterostructure, nitrogen-doped cobalt@graphene, as the cathode catalysts for Li‒O2 cells. This N-Co@graphene multiple-nanocapsule structure improves the electrical properties and makes the high/uniform electroactive zones possible. In addition, the rational design of flexible foam-based electrodes possessing colander-like porous structures facilitates the oxygen diffusion, catalytic reaction, and deposition of discharge products. The electrode thus exhibits much improved electrochemical performance associated with unique morphologies of electrochemically grown lithium peroxides.
Figs. 1a-c display the microstructure and morphology of N-Co@graphene nanocomposite. The composite has a lotus shower-like shape, where the crystalline Co nanoparticles, sized of 10‒20 nm, display highly ordered lattice fringes, being wrapped by few-layer graphenes, thus forming core-shell nanostructures. Note that there are few layers of specific lattice fringes with 0.25 nm lattice spacing existing on the surface of Co particles, which are indexed to be cobalt nitride that are generated from the nitrogen dopant into surficial lattices of Co crystalline. Fig. 1d show its EELS profile, which confirms the presence of C, N, and Co elements in the composite. Figs. 1e, f show its electrochemical performance in Li‒O2 cells. The composite electrodes exhibit reduced charge-discharge overpotential and good cycling stability. This finding is mainly attributed to the improved electrical properties, electrocatalytic activity, and structural stability of N-Co@graphene nanostructures.
Fig. 1 Structural and electrochemical characterization of MOF-derived N-Co@graphene catalysts. (a-c) TEM images, and (d) EELS profile of N-Co@graphene nanocomposite. (e,f) Voltage profiles versus selected cycles of N-Co@graphene composite based on carbon fiber (e) and nickel foam (f) electrodes.
References
1. Li, Q.; Xu, P.; Gao, W.; Ma, S.; Zhang, G.; Cao, R.; Cho, J.; Wang, H. L.; Wu, G. Adv. Mater.
2014, 26, 1378-1386.
2. Wu, D.; Guo, Z.; Yin, X.; Pang, Q.; Tu, B.; Zhang, L.; Wang, Y. G.; Li, Q. Adv. Mater.
2014, 26, 3258-3262.
3. Tan, G.; Chong, L.; Amine, R.; Lu, J.; Liu, C.; Yuan, Y.; Wen, J.; He, K.; Bi, X.; Guo, Y.; Wang, H.-H.; Shahbazian-Yassar, R.; Hallaj, S. A.; Miller, D. J.; Liu, D; Amine, K. Nano Lett. 2017, DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00207.

Figure 1
(Invited) Decoding Multi-Gas Mixtures Using a Mixed-Potential Sensor Array for Vehicular Emission Monitoring
Authors: Ramaiyan Kannan Pasupathikovil , Javed Unab , Kreller Cortney R. , Brosha Eric L. , Morozov Alexandre , Mukundan Rangachary 
Published: February 2020

Electrochemical gas sensors with the ability to detect the concentration of individual gases in a multi-gas environment are in huge demand in many areas of technology, such as threat detection, industrial quality control and, importantly, vehicular emission monitoring. While oxygen l sensors are used for on-board diagnostics in spark-ignition vehicle emission systems, a similar sensor is not available for NOx, NH3 and non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) gases found in diesel engine exhaust. LANL has developed patented pre-commercial prototype mixed-potential sensors with strong sensitivity and selectivity towards these target gases, but a single device with absolute selectivity is still elusive (1, 2).
To address this pressing problem, we have tested and successfully demonstrated the utility of employing a sensor array rather than individual sensors, in conjunction with a first-principles data analysis approach. Our computational framework was employed to predict the composition of gas mixtures containing two individual gases, both of which affect sensor readings, with less than 2% average error (3). Here we present the results of our model trained on three and four-gas mixtures involving NO, NO2, NH3 and C3H6. The three sensors used in the array comprise a dense La0.8Sr0.2CrO3 or AuPd sensing electrode and dense Pt electrode with porous YSZ electrolyte. A physically motivated model is used to analyze the data and find the composition of the gas mixture. This work aims to provide robust and accurate estimates of NOx, NH3 and unburnt non-methane hydrocarbon content in diesel vehicle exhaust, laying a foundation for on board, real-time sensing applications. Acknowledgments
The research was funded by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research Development Exploratory Research (LDRD-ER) program.
References

R. Mukundan, E. L. Brosha, F. H. Garzon, US 7,575,709 (2009).

R. Mukundan, E. L. Brosha, F. H. Garzon, Journal of The Electrochemical Society
150, H279 (2003).

K. P. Ramaiyan, C. R. Kreller, E. L. Brosha, R. Mukundan, U. Javed, A. V. Morozov, ECS Transactions (2016) 75, 107-111.

LA-UR-17-23016
A Simple and Fast Analysis of LSD By Cyclic Voltammetry in Aqueous Medium
Authors: de Oliveira Marcelo Firmino , Oiye Erica Naomi , Ribeiro Maria Fernanda Muzetti , Katayama Juliana Midori Toya 
Published: February 2020

Once the drug is apprehended, forensic laboratories must follow a procedure with chemical analysis aiming a confirmatory result. The application of electrochemical analysis inside forensic scenario has been widely explored, mainly in the analysis of illicit drug, due to the sensitivity and specificity acquired in a voltammetric measurement. Among these drugs, the psychedelic LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) appears in seized blotters, and its apprehension is constant in global scale. LSD is a hallucinogenic drug, which concentration in blotter may show a discrepancy from 20 to 150 µg.
In this context, the development of a fast voltammetric method for quantification of LSD is proposed in the present study. It is important to highlight the use of an aqueous medium for the analysis, once the literature related to voltammetric studies for LSD, englobes organic medium in its majority.
In a conventional system with glassy carbon as the working electrode, the measurements were taken in KClO4 0.05 M as the supporting electrolyte. After an optimization study, the parameters fixed for the Cyclic Voltammetry were: potential range from 0.0 to 1.4 V and scan rate of 250 mV s-1. No pre concentration step was required.
The choice of KClO4 is based on a comparing study between others perchlorates salts (LiClO4, NH4ClO4, NaClO4) as supporting electrolyte. In addition, the pH of the solution was also verified, and the best condition for these measurements was pH 7.
The anodic peak observed in approximately potential of 0.9 V (Figure 01) is proportional to the concentration of LSD, what enables to stablish a linear equation y = 0.091 A L mol-1 x + 1.15x10-7 A for the quantification of LSD, in a linear range from 2.46 to 13.78 µmol L-1. The limits of detection and quantification are 0.73 and 2.46 µmol L-1, respectively, what enables detecting LSD in a concentration level of 4 µg per mL of the extraction solution. Besides, the use of an aqueous solution characterizes a less pollutant and less toxic methodology.
Then, the present work purposes a new methodology for quantification of LSD by Cyclic Votammetry, with an aqueous medium and also englobes a study about the electrochemical behavior of this drug under various experimental conditions.
Simple Solution Deposition of Co3O4 on FTO for Rapid and Selective Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection
Authors: Chowdhury Mahabubur , Aliwa Maelsand 
Published: February 2020

There is no permanent treatment for diabetes mellitus yet. This condition is managed by regularly checking blood glucose levels and taking appropriate measures accordingly. Hence, a significant amount of research efforts have been made to develop highly sensitive and affordable glucose sensor. It is well known that the performance of any sensor is highly dependent on the nature and fabrication techniques used for the preparation of the electrodes. Various electrode fabrication techniques such as pulsed laser deposition (PLD), plasma sputtering, atomic layer deposition (ALD), hydrothermal, electrodeposition, electrospinning have been used to fabricate various metal oxide based electrodes for glucose sensing applications. These techniques are not suitable for commercial scale production of economical nonenzymatic glucose sensor.
In this study a simple chemical solution deposition process has been used to fabricate Co3O4 electrode as an electrocatalyst for nonenzymatic oxidation of glucose. Several physical and chemical characterisation techniques such as XRD, HRSEM, HRTEM,AFM, EIS, EELS, EDS was used to elucidate the phyiscal and chemical characteristics of the Co3O4 electrode. The as prepared electrode showed fast response time (< 7s), good sensitivity (504.1 µA mM-1cm-2), high selectivity towards glucose at an applied potential of +0.60V in 0.1 M NaOH solution. A detection limit of 3 µM (S/N = 3) was measured for the Co3O4 electrode. The electrode retained 85% of initial current response after 2 months of application. Figure 1 presents the electrochemical performance of the Co3O4 electrode in the presence and absence of 1mM glucose at a scan rate of 25 mVs-1.

Figure 1
Carbon Monoxide Gas Sensing Study Using Hydrothermally Prepared NiO/Graphene Nanosheets Electrode
Authors: Khaleed Abubakar Abubakar , Bello Abdulhakeem , Dangbegnon Julien Koudio , Olaniyan Okikiola , Mwakikunga Bonex W. , Manyala Ncholu 
Published: February 2020

Monitoring trace concentrations of harmful gaseous chemical species is increasingly needed in different areas such as indoor, outdoor, vehicle air control, mining and manufacturing sites. Hence, the fabrication of highly sensitive and selective chemical gas sensors are imperative. Chemi-resistive gas sensors based on semiconducting transition metal oxide are potential candidates due to their ease of operation, low cost of manufacturing, microscale miniaturization and good thermal and long-term stabilities [1–3]. In this work, spherical NiO/graphene foam (GF) composite with flowerlike structures were successfully synthesized for their application as CO reducing gas sensor via a hydrothermal reflux process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas sorption analysis were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the samples. The results obtained from the SEM micrographs showed that the flowerlike NiO spheres successfully coated the entire surface area of the GF. The performance of the composite towards CO gas sensing was studied. The results reveal that the incorporation of graphene into flowerlike NiO spheres not only improved the conductivity and surface area of NiO/GF composite, but also enhanced the performance of the composite towards CO sensing. These results suggest that the composite could be a potential active material for CO reducing sensors.

References

[1] Gogotsi, Y., CRC Press, (2006).
[2] Huang, X.-J.; Choi, Y.-K., Sensors Actuators B Chem., 122 (2007), 659–671.
[3] Lu, J. G.; Chang, P.; Fan, Z., Mater. Sci. Eng. R Reports, 52 (2006), 49–91

Figure 1
Mg-Based Spinel Nanocrystals: Phase, Size, Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Hu Linhua , Kim Soojeong , Fister Timothy T , Freeland John W , Nolis Gene M , Yoo Hyun Deog , Cabana Jordi 
Published: February 2020

Li-ion batteries are the top choice in electrochemical energy storage for portable devices and mobile vehicles. However, the limited storage capacities do not quite yet meet the emerging energy demands in transportation and grid markets. Multivalent batteries based on divalent cations have attracted wide attention with high energy density/capacity in different framework of oxide cathodes. For instance, spinel structure M2O4, has been theoretically predicted as one of the most suitable oxide cathode for the reversible intercalation with Mg2+ [1]. Further, reversible, yet sluggish Mg intercalation into Mn2O4 host, prepared from de-lithiated LiMn2O4 electrode, was reported in aqueous electrolyte environments [2]. In order to enhance kinetics, reduction of particles to the smallest possible sizes is desired. Further, spinel-type Mn­2O4 can only be prepared by delithiation of LiMn2O4. Therefore, the direct synthesis of the parent spinel oxide, MgMn2O4, in the form nanocrystals would be desirable to investigate the fundamental limits of Mg intercalation within the spinel oxide framework, preferably in non-aqueous electrolytes.
Here, we report a series of Mg-based spinel nanocrystals with different phase (MgxMn3-xO4 and MgxCr3-xO4), size (5nm~50nm), and shape (cube and sheet) via a low temperature hydrothermal process, followed by calcination (Figure 1). All samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy, as well as electron microscopy in order to define the products of electrochemical reactions in non-aqueous cells. Our goal was to explore spinel oxide nanocrystals with optimal size, phase, and shape and establish size-structure-property relationship for the experimental realization of Mg reversible intercalation in spinel oxide hosts.
1. Liu, M., et al.,
Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 964.
2. Kim, C. et al., Adv.
Mater. 2015, 27, 3377.
Figure 1 (a) Representative STEM image of 50nm MgMn­2O4 nanocubes (b) Representative STEM image of 2~5nm thickness MgMn­2O4 nanosheets

Figure 1
Synthesis and Characterization of NaAlTi3O8 As a Novel Intercalation Anode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Xuetian , Bai Jianming , An Ke , Chen Hailong 
Published: February 2020

Sodium ion batteries are being considered as an alternative to lithium ion batteries in large scale energy storage applications owing to the low cost. A novel titanate compound NaAlTi3O8 was successfully synthesized and tested as a promising intercalation anode material for sodium ion batteries. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and refinement were used to analyze the crystal structure. Electrochemical cycling tests under a C/10 rate between 0.01-2.5 V showed that ~83 mAh/g capacity can be achieved in the second cycle, with ~75% of which retained after 100 cycles, which corresponds to 0.75 Na+ insertion and extraction per formula unit. The influence of synthesis conditions on electrochemical performances was investigated and discussed. NaAlTi3O8 not only presents a new anode material with low average voltage of ~0.5 V, but also provides a new type of intercalation anode with a crystal structure that differentiates from previously reported intercalation anode materials.

Figure 1
Passivation of Si-CNT Anode in Li-O2 Full Cell
Authors: Kwak Won-Jin , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: February 2020

For years, Lithium oxygen battery has been attractive which can make high energy density for next generation. However, even if the many researches have been progressed for years,1-4 the works about substitution of Li metal which has inherent limitation of stability and long term cycling property was terribly deficient.
Here in, our group clearly demonstrate the ambiguously unsolved problem of lithium oxygen full cell system using alternative anode (lithiated Si-CNT composite) for lithium metal by XRD and SEM analysis. The amount of lithium source in alternative anode is limited compared to quasi infinite amount of Li source in Li metal. The returning lithium ion at the charge forms the lithium hydroxide which passivates the anode by side reaction with moisture in electrolyte and from outside. Side reactions, leading to the formation of LIOH at the anode site caused loss of the Li source, resulting in decreased potential and poor cycle of the Li-O2 full-cell system.
Although the Li-O2 full-cell without lithium metal could be a good area for practical Li-O2 battery work in terms of safety, it is not viable without solving the Li loss problem. Our results could be helpful for further research into Li-O2 full-cell systems, and this issue could constitute a fundamental theme for future practical Li-O2 battery systems.

Reference
s

1. M. M. O. Thotiyl, S. A. Freunberger, Z. Peng, P. G. Bruce, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 494-500.
2. B. M. Gallant, R. R. Mitchell, D. G. Kwabi, J. Zhou, L. Zuin, C. V. Thompson, Y. S. Horn, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2012, 116, 20800-20805.
3. V. S. Bryantsev, V. Giordani, W. Walker, M. Blanco, S. Zecevic, K. Sasaki, J. Uddin, D. Addison, G. V. Chase, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2011, 115, 12399-12409.
4. D. Sharon, V. Etacheri, A. Garsuch, M. Afri, A. A. Frimer, D. Aurbach, J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2013, 4, 127-131.
Incorporation of Nickel Sulfide into Sulfur Cathode for Li–S Battery
Authors: LI Zhe , Ueno Kazuhide , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: February 2020

The lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery has been attracting tremendous interest as a promising “beyond Li-ion” device, because of its high theoretical specific capacity and energy density [1-4]. However, its widespread applications, such as electric vehicles and large-scale grid-based energy storage systems, are still plagued with several issues and challenges. For example, the intrinsic insulating nature of sulfur makes it difficult to achieve high active material utilization. Additionally, the polysulfide intermediates are highly soluble in the benchmarked ether-based electrolytes, resulting in a severe redox shuttle effect between the sulfur cathode and Li anode. This undesired shuttle phenomenon can lead to a significant loss of active material, fast capacity fading and low Coulombic efficiency.
In this work, we incorporated nickel sulfide into the sulfur cathode design through a facile two-step strategy. Note that nickel sulfide here can trap the polysulfide intermediates and inhibit the shuttle effect owing to its binding interactions with polysulfide. Moreover, the low resistivity of nickel sulfide is expected to facilitate the redox kinetics of the adsorbed polysulfides. As a result, this hybrid cathode with a sulfur loading of 4.0 mg/cm2 could manifest an excellent electrochemical performance at a high current density.

References

[1] S. Zhang, K. Ueno, K. Dokko, M. Watanabe, Adv. Energy Mater., 5 (2015) 1500117.
[2] K. Dokko, N. Tachikawa, K. Yamauchi, M. Tsuchiya, A. Yamazaki, E. Takashima, J.W. Park, K. Ueno, S. Seki, N. Serizawa, M. Watanabe, J. Electrochem. Soc., 160 (2013) A1304-A1310.
[3] Z. Li, S. Zhang, C. Zhang, K. Ueno, T. Yasuda, R. Tatara, K. Dokko, M. Watanabe, Nanoscale, 7 (2015) 14385-14392.
[4] Z. Li, S. Zhang, S. Terada, X. Ma, K. Ikeda, Y. Kamei, C. Zhang, K. Dokko, M. Watanabe, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8 (2016) 16053-16062.
Novel Strategies for Lithium Metal Anode Protection Based on Nitride Materials Chemistry: Insight from First Principle Calculations
Authors: Zhu Yizhou , He Xingfeng , Mo Yifei 
Published: February 2020

Lithium metal is most attractive anode material for high-energy-density Li-ion battery. However, the strong reducing nature of lithium metal results in poor stability and low coulombic efficiency in lithium batteries. Despite decades of research efforts to stabilize lithium metal anode, the development of lithium battery is still greatly impeded by the lack of knowledge about lithium-stable materials chemistry. So far, only a few materials are known to be stable against Li metal.
Here, I will present our recent work, which provides novel strategies of using nitrides to stabilize lithium metal anode. We uncovered many lithium-stable materials out of chemistry across the periodic table, by using first-principles calculations based on large materials database. We found that most oxides, sulfides, and halides, which were commonly studied as protection materials, are reduced by lithium metal due to the reduction of metal cations. On the contrary, nitride anion chemistry exhibits unique stability against Li metal, which is either thermodynamically intrinsic or a result of stable passivation. Many nitrides materials, which were rarely investigated as lithium metal protection materials before, can be promising candidate lithium metal protection materials to achieve long-term stability.
Our work established essential guidelines for selecting, designing, and discovering materials for lithium metal protection. In addition, we also proposed multiple novel strategies of using nitride materials and high nitrogen doping to form stable solid-electrolyte-interphase for lithium metal anode. Our computation results provide novel guidance and strategies for stabilizing lithium metal anode and would contribute to the development of high-energy-density rechargeable lithium batteries.