bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hatch Success and Recruitment Patterns of the Bog Turtle
Authors: Knoerr Michael D. , Graeter Gabrielle J. , Barrett Kyle 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTResearchers suggest that several bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) populations in North Carolina, USA, are in decline and have few remaining individuals and low annual survival probability. Most populations are dominated by older adults with few juveniles encountered; however, the proportion of juveniles encountered in 2 populations is higher. It is unknown why the juvenile:adult ratio varies among populations. We conducted a nest monitoring study in 2016 and 2017 to test the hypothesis that sites with fewer juvenile encounters would be where nest predation was highest. We documented the fate of 272 eggs from 83 nests encountered across 7 sites in North Carolina. On average 28% of eggs hatched across all sites over both years, but we observed large variation in hatch success among sites. Predation by mesopredators and small mammals was the primary cause of nest failure. The probability of nest predation decreased with greater emergent vegetation density and increased with greater distance to the edge of the wetland. Cooler temperatures, which prolonged incubation and thus increased predation risk, may also hinder recruitment at higher elevation sites. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that nest predation would be highest at sites with fewer juvenile encounters. Managers concerned about low bog turtle recruitment rates should consider the role of nest predation and the potential benefits of management that increases hatch rates. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Systematic Review of Telehealth Cost Minimization for Patients and Health Systems in Otolaryngology
Authors: Cabrera Claudia I. , Ning Anne Y. , Cai Yida , D'Anza Brian 
Published: December 2020

Objective/HypothesisThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in telehealth becoming commonplace in many health care fields. Telehealth benefits include improving access, decreasing costs, and elevating patient's experience. A review of cost minimization (CM) analyses was performed in order to explore scientific studies associated with integrating tele‐otolaryngology in clinical practice. Our primary objective was to evaluate published literature for cost related to the implementation of telemedicine across otolaryngology, and to determine CM when compared to in‐person visits.Study DesignSystematic Literature Review.MethodsWe performed a systematic review using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane in May 2020, to identify studies with a cost analysis of tele‐otolaryngology care. Inclusion criteria focused on articles citing CM data from telehealth services. Literature quality was assessed using the MINORS scoring system.ResultsFrom 380 original articles screened only nine evaluated cost in otolaryngology. CM in the US ranged from $68 to $900 per visit. Cost was evaluated in general otolaryngology, sleep medicine, otology, and head and neck cancer surgery, the latter had the most benefit. The most common types of telehealth visits were routine follow‐up and screening. Data were insufficient for meta‐analysis.ConclusionsTelemedicine has been trialed across various otolaryngology subspecialties; its incorporation is projected to have a meaningful impact on access to specialty care. This research suggests that the delivery of virtual care reduces cost with the potential of increasing net revenue across multiple otolaryngology subspecialties. Further studies are needed to better discern the entirety of cost savings and the best settings for integration.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1741–1748, 2021
Cr3+‐Doped Sc‐Based Fluoride Enabling Highly Efficient Near Infrared Luminescence: A Case Study of K2NaScF6:Cr3+
Authors: Song Enhai , Ming Hong , Zhou Yayun , He Fanquan , Wu Jiachang , Xia Zhiguo , Zhang Qinyuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of highly efficient and thermally stable broadband near‐infrared (NIR) luminescence materials is a great challenge to advance the next‐generation smart NIR light source. Benefitting from the low phonon energy and relatively weak electron phonon coupling effect of the fluoride, K2NaScF6:Cr3+ phosphor is designed and obtained, which demonstrates a full width at half maximum of 100 nm peaking at ≈765 nm. Upon blue light excitation, the phosphor exhibits a high quantum efficiency of 74% and its emission intensity at 150 °C can keep 89.6% of the initial value at 25 °C. An NIR output power of 159.72 mW (input electric power, 1094 mW) with a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of ≈14.60%, light‐emitting diode (LED) device is presented based on this K2NaScF6:Cr3+ phosphor. Furthermore, applying the high‐power NIR phosphor‐converted LED device as lighting source, clear and quick veins imaging and recognition in fingers, palm, wrist, and arm of the human hand are first realized, suggesting K2NaScF6:Cr3+ phosphor has high promise in practical applications.
Development of a human heart‐sized perfusion system for metabolic imaging studies using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI
Authors: Mariager Christian Østergaard , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Bech Sabrina Kahina , Eiskjær Hans , Nielsen Peter Fast , Ringgaard Steffen , Kimose Hans‐Henrik , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: December 2020

PurposeIncreasing worldwide demand for cardiac transplantation has spurred new developments to increase the donor pool. Normothermic preservation of heart grafts for transplantation is an emerging strategy to improve the utilization of marginal grafts. Hyperpolarized MR using metabolic tracers such as [1‐13C]pyruvate, provide a novel means of investigating metabolic status without the use of ionizing radiation. We demonstrate the use of this methodology to examine ex vivo perfused porcine heart grafts.MethodsHearts from three 40‐kg Danish domestic pigs were harvested and subsequently perfused in Langendorff mode under normothermic conditions, using an MR‐compatible perfusion system adapted to the heart. Proton MRI and hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate were used to investigate and quantify the functional and metabolic status of the grafts.ResultsHearts were perfused with whole blood for 120 min, using a dynamic contrast‐enhanced perfusion experiment to verify successful myocardial perfusion. Hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI was used to assess the metabolic state of the myocardium. Functional assessment was performed using CINE imaging and ventricular pressure data. High lactate and modest alanine levels were observed in the hyperpolarized experiment. The functional assessment produced reduced functional parameters. This suggests an altered functional and metabolic profile compared with corresponding in vivo values.ConclusionWe investigated the metabolic and functional status of machine‐perfused porcine hearts. Utilizing hyperpolarized methodology to acquire detailed myocardial metabolic information—in combination with already established MR methods for cardiac investigation—provides a powerful tool to aid the progress of donor heart preservation.
Heterogeneity in Quality of Life of Long-Term Colon Cancer Survivors: A Latent Class Analysis of the Population-Based PROFILES Registry
Authors: Clouth Felix J. , Moncada-Torres Arturo , Geleijnse Gijs , Mols Floortje , van Erning Felice N. , de Hingh Ignace H.J.T. , Pauws Steffen C. , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V. , Vermunt Jeroen K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Long-term colon cancer survivors present heterogeneous health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes. We determined unobserved subgroups (classes) of survivors with similar HRQOL patterns and investigated their stability over time and the association of clinical covariates with these classes.

Materials and Methods
Data from the population-based PROFILES registry were used. Included were survivors with nonmetastatic (TNM stage I–III) colon cancer (n = 1,489). HRQOL was assessed with the Dutch translation of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 version 3.0. Based on survivors’ HRQOL, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify unobserved classes of survivors. Moreover, latent transition analysis (LTA) was used to investigate changes in class membership over time. Furthermore, the effect of covariates on class membership was assessed using multinomial logistic regression.

Results
LCA identified five classes at baseline: class 1, excellent HRQOL (n = 555, 37.3%); class 2, good HRQOL with prevalence of insomnia (n = 464, 31.2%); class 3, moderate HRQOL with prevalence of fatigue (n = 213, 14.3%); class 4, good HRQOL with physical limitations (n = 134, 9.0%); and class 5, poor HRQOL (n = 123, 8.3%). All classes were stable with high self-transition probabilities. Longer time since the diagnosis, no comorbid conditions, and male sex were associated with class 1, whereas older age was associated with class 4. Clinical covariates were not associated with class membership.

Conclusion
The identified classes are characterized by distinct patterns of HRQOL and can support patient-centered care. LCA and LTA are powerful tools for investigating HRQOL in cancer survivors.

Implications for Practice
Long-term colon cancer survivors show great heterogeneity in their health-related quality of life. This study identified five distinct clusters of survivors with similar patterns of health-related quality of life and showed that these clusters remain stable over time. It was also shown that these clusters do not significantly differ in tumor characteristics or received treatment. Cluster membership of long-term survivors can be identified by sociodemographic characteristics but is not predetermined by diagnosis and treatment.
Cancer survivors exercise at higher intensity in outdoor settings: The GECCOS trial
Authors: Miller Jonathan M. , Sadak Karim T. , Shahriar Arman A. , Wilson Natalie J. , Hampton Maree , Bhattacharya Manami , Towle Ali , Turcotte Lucie M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurpose: This randomized cross‐over group pilot trial assessed feasibility of recruiting survivors from a long‐term follow‐up clinic to an exercise group and measured whether outdoor or indoor exercise sessions better supported exercise motivation and behaviors in survivors of cancer.Methods: Sixteen adolescent and young adult survivors of any cancer completed indoor and outdoor exercise sessions in this randomized cross‐over pilot trial. Measures of physical activity, motivation, and fatigue were taken 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after indoor sessions and 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after outdoor sessions. Measures of physical activity and fatigue were also taken during each exercise session.Results: Initial recruiting of 19 participants met recruiting goals. Survivors who attended the most sessions lived an average of 8.7 km closer to the clinic. Objectively measured physical activity intensity was 0.63 metabolic equivalents of a task (METs) per minute greater during outdoor exercise sessions as compared to indoor exercise sessions. There were no meaningful differences in long term, habitual physical activity behavior, motivation, or fatigue in the weeks following the outdoor exercise sessions as compared to the indoor exercise sessions.Conclusions: This study shows the feasibility of recruiting survivors from a long‐term follow‐up clinic to community‐based exercise groups. Although this brief pilot intervention did not show significant effects on habitual physical activity behavior or motivation in adolescent and young adult survivors of cancer, the greater exercise intensity during the outdoor exercise sessions indicate that holding group exercise sessions for survivors outdoors may promote greater intensity during exercise.
A useful quality control using herbal volatiles of Artemisia princeps Pamp. cv. ssajuari (ssajuari‐ssuk; Korean mugwort) according to air‐drying time by fast gas chromatography with uncoated surface acoustic wave sensor (Electronic zNose)
Authors: Oh Se Yeon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionKorean mugwort has been used as a traditional medicine. Specifically, air‐dried Artemisia princeps Pamp. cv. ssajuari (ssajuari‐ssuk; Korean mugwort) has been used as moxa in moxibustion therapy. Thus, the evaluation of high quality ssajuari‐ssuk containing herbal volatiles is of great interest in clinical therapy and the food industry.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine whether fast gas chromatography with uncoated surface acoustic wave (fast GC/SAW) sensor can be a useful technique for performing quality control using herbal volatiles of ssajuari‐ssuk air‐dried for different times.MethodologyFast GC/SAW sensor, called “Electronic zNose”, is also a headspace sampling method and is an effective simple analytical method with a second unit analysis providing on‐line measurements without the need for pretreatment of the sample. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) was employed to confirm the identification of the volatiles and compared to fast GC/SAW sensor.ResultsArtemisia princeps Pamp. cv. ssajuari air‐dried for 2 years and 4 months (the third year), containing the highest total amount of herbal volatiles, was superior to the others (the first year, the second year, the fourth year) in quality. Moreover, fast GC/SAW sensor shows a high repeatability (relative standard deviation 0.77% ∼ 6.23%), excellent sensitivity (limit of detection value of 0.47 pg/mL), and good linearity (correlation coefficient r2 = 0.997) over the range of nanogram for α‐thujone.ConclusionTherefore, the fast GC/SAW sensor can be a useful analytical method for the discrimination and quality control of volatiles of herbal and medicinal plants according to air‐drying time, as it provides a simple and second unit analysis.
Peripheral obstruction without airflow limitation is rare and not specific to asthma in children
Authors: Dufetelle Edouard , Mulier Guillaume , Taytard Jessica , Boizeau Priscilla , Le Roux Enora , Beydon Nicole 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPeripheral (or small) airway obstruction (PAO) is considered a marker of childhood asthma but the techniques able to directly measure it are rarely used in routine. Usual spirometry and plethysmography can detect a certain degree of PAO when reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) is associated to normal forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to FVC ratio, and normal total lung capacity (TLC). The frequency of this functional pattern has never been studied in different pediatric respiratory conditions. To assess the prevalence and outcome of PAO in children with different diseases or symptoms, we retrospectively extracted from our database all files of Caucasian subjects encompassing spirometry and plethysmography measurements. Spirometry patterns (normal, airflow limitation [AFL; low FEV1/FVC], low FVC [with normal FEV1/FVC]) and final functional patterns (normal, AFL, PAO, restrictive [low TLC], or mixed) were described. We included 4394 files recorded in 1794 children (median [IQR] age: 10.7 [9.2–12.9] years). At inclusion, 125 (7%) children had low FVC of which 56 (44.8%, and 3.1% [95% CI 2.3–3.9] of the whole population) had PAO. PAO prevalence increased with age (OR (95% CI) per 2‐year‐increase: 2.26 (1.59–3.23); p < .001), and was more frequent in chronic bronchial diseases other than asthma (1.6% vs. 8.0%). On repeated tests, PAO frequently normalized (26.1%) or persisted (43.5%), but it less often progressed into AFL (13%) or restrictive (13%) patterns. PAO is an infrequent nonspecific and persistent functional pattern. Its prevalence increases with age and in diagnosis of chronic respiratory diseases other than asthma.
Knowledge of prostate cancer among African American men: A systematic review
Authors: Coughlin Steven S. , Vernon Marlo , Klaassen Zachary , Tingen Martha S. , Cortes Jorge E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies indicate that many African American men may not be making informed decisions about prostate cancer early detection. This is partly due to patients having limited knowledge about early detection of the disease.MethodsThe present review is based upon bibliographic searches in PubMed and CINAHL and relevant search terms. Articles (n = 235) published in English from 1993 through July 31, 2020 were identified using the following MESH search terms and Boolean algebra commands: prostate cancer and knowledge and African Americans.ResultsForty‐two articles were eligible for inclusion. The results of this literature review indicate that many African American men have inadequate knowledge of prostate cancer and prostate cancer early detection. Studies indicate that knowledge of prostate cancer is particularly low among older, less‐educated, lower‐income, and unmarried men, along with those who lack a regular physician or health insurance. Many African American men are unaware that they are at increased risk of prostate cancer because of their age or race.ConclusionsCulturally appropriate educational efforts are needed to inform African‐ American men about the pros and cons of prostate cancer early detection and about risk factors for the disease so that they can make an informed decision about whether prostate cancer early detection is right for them. Of particular concern is the prostate cancer knowledge of low‐income and less‐educated men, along with those who lack health care insurance or a regular provider.
Practical reliability growth modeling
Authors: Cahoon Joyce , Sanborn Kate , Wilson Alyson 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReliability growth models are commonly used in the Department of Defense (DoD) to plan, track, and project reliability during system acquisition and testing. We describe two commonly used classes of reliability growth models for continuous failure time data and the metrics appropriate for their use. We also present two Bayesian reliability growth models that are based on the DoD models. The Bayesian models are easily interpretable in a statistical framework, which supports estimation and uncertainty quantification. Our goal is to provide a practical understanding of the development, implementation, and use of reliability growth models across a sequence of DoD testing events.
Schrödinger–Pauli theory of electrons: New perspectives
Authors: Sahni Viraht 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Schrödinger–Pauli (SP) theory of electrons in an electromagnetic field explicitly accounts for the electron spin moment. The many‐electron theory is complemented via a new descriptive perspective namely, that of the individual electron via its equation of motion or “Quantal Newtonian” first law. The law is in terms of ‘classical’ fields whose sources are quantum mechanical expectation values of Hermitian operators taken with respect to the system wave function. The law states that each electron experiences an external and an internal field, the sum of which vanish. The external field is the sum of the binding electrostatic and a Lorentz field. The internal field is a sum of fields representative respectively of electron correlations due to the Pauli principle and Coulomb repulsion; the electron density; kinetic effects; and an internal magnetic field. The energy can be expressed in integral virial form in terms of these fields. The law is elucidated by application to the 23S state of a quantum dot in a magnetic field. It is proved that the Hamiltonian is an exactly known and universal functional of the wave function. This generalizes the SP equation, and reveals that its eigenfunctions and eigenvalues may be determined self‐consistently. A quantal density functional theory (QDFT) of the SP system is developed whereby additional properties are determined. A physical interpretation of Spin‐DFT based on the QDFT mapping is provided. Further generalizations of the present work to the temporal case, and relativistic Dirac theory, are proposed.
Profiling and analysis of multiple constituents in Crataegi Fructus before and after processing by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Xue Qianqian , Wang Yulin , Fei Chenghao , Ren Chenchen , Li Wenjing , Li Weidong , Yin Fangzhou , Li Lin 
Published: December 2020

RationaleCrataegi Fructus (CF) is one of the most commonly used herbal medicines with a long history of clinical applications. CF is often processed to minimize gastric membrane irritation, although differently processed products can have different biological effects. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively identify the chemical composition of CF, determine the changes caused by processing, and elucidate the active constituents causing the clinical effects. This study aimed to define a theoretical basis for intensive mechanistic studies of CF processing and its reasonable clinical applications.MethodsAn optimized ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QqTOFMS) method in positive and negative ion modes, coupled with multivariate statistical analyses, was developed for the identification and analysis of chemical components in raw and processed products of CF.ResultsA total of 87 compounds were identified, including 61 marker compounds that were found to be primary contributors to the significant differences (p < 0.01) between raw and processed products using principal component analysis, t‐test, and Venn analysis. The conversion mechanism for a subset of the changed compounds was inferred by analyzing 25 unique differential components between the raw and processed CF.ConclusionsA rapid and efficient analytical method for identifying the chemical components in CF before and after processing was successfully established. We show how the changes in the chemical constituents in processed CF could be investigated using multivariate statistical analysis methods, and thus facilitate understanding of the processing mechanism of CF.