bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost and operative time estimation itemized by component procedures of endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Thomas Andrew J. , McCoul Edward D. , Meier Jeremy D. , Newberry Christopher I. , Smith Timothy L. , Alt Jeremiah A. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundEndoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a variable combination of individual procedures. Cost estimates for ESS as a single entity have wide variation, likely influenced by variation in procedures performed. We sought to identify operative time, supply costs, and total procedure cost specific to the component procedure combinations comprising ESS.MethodsBilateral ESS cases at 13 Intermountain Healthcare facilities (2008 to 2016) were identified from a database with corresponding cost and time data. Procedure details were obtained by chart review. Least‐squares (LS) means of cost (in 2016 US dollars) and time for specific procedures were obtained by multivariable gamma regression models.ResultsAmong 1477 bilateral ESS cases with 19 different procedure combinations, operative time ranged from 59.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.6‐73.0) minutes for total ethmoid to 147.1 (95% CI, 126.4‐171.2) minutes for full ESS with maxillary and sphenoid tissue removal. Sphenoidotomy had lowest total and supply costs (in US dollars) of $2112 (95% CI, $1672‐$2667) and $636 (95% CI, $389‐$1040), respectively. Total cost was highest for full ESS with maxillary tissue removal at $4640 (95% CI, $4115‐$5232). Supply cost was highest for full ESS with maxillary and sphenoid tissue removal at $2191 (95% CI, $1649‐$2909).ConclusionOperative time and costs for ESS vary depending on the procedures performed, demonstrating the importance of procedure specificity in assessment of ESS time, cost, and, ultimately, value. These procedure‐specific estimates of cost enable nonbinary valuation of ESS, appropriate for the multitude of procedure options intended to optimize individual outcomes.
Herstellung funktioneller Aryl‐, Heteroaryl‐ und benzylischer Organokalium‐Spezies mittels Kaliumdiisopropylamid im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss
Authors: Harenberg Johannes H. , Weidmann Niels , Knochel Paul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWir beschreiben die Herstellung von Lithium‐freiem KDA (Kaliumdiisorpopylamid, 0.6 m in Hexan) mit TMEDA (N,N,N′,N′‐Tetramethylethylendiamin) und seine Verwendung für die Metallierung von (Hetero‐)Aromaten im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss zwischen −78 °C und 25 °C mit Reaktionszeiten zwischen 0.2 s und 24 s sowie einer kombinierten Flussrate von 10 mL min−1 in einem kommerziell erhältlichen kontinuierlichen Durchflussapparat. Die erhaltenen Organokaliumspezies reagieren unmittelbar mit verschiedenen Elektrophilen, wie z. B. Ketonen, Aldehyden, alkylischen und allylischen Halogeniden, Disulfiden, Weinreb‐Amiden und Me3SiCl zu funktionalisierten (Hetero‐)Aromaten in hohen Ausbeuten. Die Methode ist erfolgreich auf die laterale Metallierung von methylsubstituierten Aromaten und Heteroaromaten erweitert worden, wodurch die Bildung von verschiedenen benzylischen Organokaliumspezies erreicht wurde. Eine Vergrößerung der Ansatzgröße war ohne eine weitere Optimierung der Bedingungen möglich.
Intracellular Wireless Analysis of Single Cells by Bipolar Electrochemiluminescence Confined in a Nanopipette
Authors: Wang Yuling , Jin Rong , Sojic Neso , Jiang Dechen , Chen Hong‐Yuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe inside walls of a nanopipette tip are decorated by a Pt deposit that is used as an open bipolar electrochemiluminescence (ECL) device to achieve intracellular wireless electroanalysis. The synergetic actions of nanopipette and of bipolar ECL lead to the spatial confinement of the voltage drop at the level of the Pt deposit, which generates ECL emission from luminol. The porous structure of Pt deposit permits the electrochemical transport of intracellular molecules into the nanopipette that is coupled with enzymatic reactions. Thus, the intracellular concentrations of hydrogen peroxide or glucose are measured in vivo as well as the intracellular sphingomyelinase activity. In comparison with the classic bipolar ECL, the remarkably low potential applied in our approach is restricted inside the nanopipette and it minimizes the potential bias of the voltage on the cellular activity. Accordingly, this wireless ECL approach provides a new direction for analysis of single living cells.
Morphology, thermal and mechanical performance of epoxy/polysulfone composites improved by curing with two different aromatic diamines
Authors: Ling Qiuhui , Wang Dongyue , Zhang Yan , Lu Xueting , Zhao Songmei , Sun Fangli 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEpoxy/polysufone (PSF) composites cured with 4,4'‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and 4,4'‐diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) were fabricated, and the effect of dual curing reaction of diamines with epoxy on morphology, mechanical, and thermal performance was investigated. DSC results indicated that DDM was more reactive than DDS and the activation energy decreased with the rising of DDM content. Structures with small domain size at the early stage of phase separation were fixed by the fast epoxy‐DDM reaction. When the DDM content was elevated to a high level, large dual structures were changed to fine bicontinuous structures, which was favorable to improve the mechanical property. The mechanical performance of epoxy composites was enhanced and the maximum values were achieved when the DDM/DDS ratio was located at 75/25 (PSF/DDS0.25‐DDM0.75). The flexural and tensile strength relative to epoxy/DDM system were enhanced more than those relative to epoxy/DDS, while the increase in toughness was the opposite. TGA measurement showed that thermal stability of epoxy/PSF composites was improved because of the restricting effect of continuous PSF domains on thermal motion of epoxy. DMA analysis exhibited two relaxation peaks for PSF/DDS0.25‐DDM0.75, which could be attributed to the formation of phase separated morphology and epoxy network with different cross‐link density.
Impact of early activity on flipped classroom performance prediction: A case study for a first‐year Engineering course
Authors: Martínez‐Carrascal Juan A. , Márquez Cebrián Dolors , Sancho‐Vinuesa Teresa , Valderrama Elena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the problem of performance prediction in a flipped learning course on digital systems. The course is a part of a first‐year Engineering degree offered at a public university. The extent to which failure at the end of the course can be anticipated is analyzed by examining the students' behavior related to academic activities. This prediction will be made by considering whether students perform different activities as instructed. The timeframe is also limited to the early stages of the course. Although anticipating results at early stages on the basis of behavioral aspects makes it possible to redress the behavior of at‐risk students, at the same time, it also introduces limitations for potential models. As there are no assessments during the early period, no course activity grades will be available for modeling purposes. In this study, different data mining techniques will be used, which will offer better results. Results will be analyzed in terms of the performance of at‐risk students and compared with previous research studies. Models will also provide information about factors of relevance for the academic success of the course.
Geniposide inhibits glucolipotoxicity and cooperates with Txnip knockdown to potentiate cell adaption to endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Chunyan , Shen Shenli , Liu Jianhui , Yin Fei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThioredoxin‐interacting protein (Txnip), a negative regulator of thioredoxin, has become an attractive therapeutic target to alleviate metabolic diseases. Our previous data demonstrated that geniposide improved glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion by accelerating Txnip degradation and prevented the early‐stage apoptosis of pancreatic β cells induced by palmitate, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The objective of this study is to identify the role of Txnip in geniposide preventing the apoptosis of pancreatic β cells induced by high glucose and palmitate (HG/PA). The results revealed that geniposide attenuated HG/PA‐induced cell apoptosis and the expression of Bax and caspase‐3, while increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and the anti‐apoptotic protein levels of heme‐oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and Bcl‐2 in INS‐1 rat pancreatic β cells. Knockdown of the Txnip gene raised the levels of anti‐apoptotic proteins HO‐1 and Bcl‐2 and geniposide potentiated the effect of Txnip when the INS‐1 cells were challenged by HG/PA. Furthermore, geniposide enhanced the adoptive unfolded protein response by increasing the phosphorylation of PERK/eIF2α and IRE1α in HG/PA‐treated INS‐1 cells. The results together suggest that geniposide might be useful to antagonize glucolipotoxicity and Txnip might be a pleiotropic cellular factor in pancreatic β cells.
Jet Dispersion of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Correlation with Suspension Rheology
Authors: Dresel Alexander , Teipel Ulrich 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel jet dispersion technique was developed and investigated which enabled excellent carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion by high exfoliation at even very low pressure drops. Suitable procedures were developed for the characterization of agglomerate size and fraction of individual CNTs. The appropriate characterization enabled the definition of a dimensionless dispersing parameter and the development of a kinetic model that describes CNT dispersion in dependence of the volumetric energy input. The rheological behavior of CNT suspensions in steady‐shear flows was investigated and demonstrated how the agglomerate fracture and CNT individualization influence the suspension viscosity.
The Forgotten Pyrazines: Exploring the Dakin–West Reaction
Authors: Würdemann Martien A. , Niţu Cristina , De Wildeman Stefaan M. A. , Bernaerts Katrien V. , Orru Romano V. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPyrazines are an underreported class of N‐heterocycles available from nitrogen‐rich biomass presenting an interesting functional alternative for current aromatics. In this work, access to pyrazines obtained from amino acids by using the 90 year old Dakin–West reaction was explored. After a qualitative screening several functional proteinogenic amino acids proved good substrates for this reaction, which were successfully scaled to multigram scale synthesis of the corresponding intermediate α‐acetamido ketones. Subsequently, the conditions towards pyrazine formation using δ‐amino‐levulinic acid were optimized, and these were employed to synthesize a relevant set of five functional dimethylpyrazines in high purity. These pyrazines can be considered a versatile toolbox of aromatic building blocks for a wide range of applications, such as in the synthesis of polymers or metal–organic frameworks.
Probing Relaxation Dynamics in Five‐Coordinate Dysprosium Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Parmar Vijay S. , Ortu Fabrizio , Ma Xiaozhou , Chilton Nicholas F. , Clérac Rodolphe , Mills David P. , Winpenny Richard E. P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new family of five‐coordinate lanthanide single‐molecule magnets (Ln SMMs) [Dy(Mes*O)2(THF)2X] (Mes*=2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl; X=Cl, 1; Br, 2; I, 3) is reported with energy barriers to magnetic reversal >1200 K. The five‐coordinate DyIII ions have distorted square pyramidal geometries, with halide anions on the apex, and two Mes*O ligands mutually trans‐ to each other, and the two THF molecules forming the second trans‐ pair. These geometrical features lead to a large magnetic anisotropy in these complexes along the trans‐Mes*O direction. QTM and Raman relaxation times are enhanced by varying the apex halide from Cl to Br to I, or by dilution in a diamagnetic yttrium analogue.
Switchable Fluorescence of Doxorubicin for Label‐Free Imaging of Bioorthogonal Drug Release
Authors: Uyar Taha Bilal , Wu Kui , He Muhan , Khan Irfan , Royzen Maksim , Yigit Mehmet V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMonitoring the release and activation of prodrug formulations provides essential information about the outcome of a therapy. While the prodrug delivery can be confirmed by using different imaging techniques, confirming the release of active payload by using imaging is a challenge. Here, we have discovered that the switchable fluorescence of doxorubicin can validate drug release upon its uncaging reaction with a highly specific chemical partner. We have observed that the conjugation of doxorubicin with a trans‐cyclooctene (TCO) diminishes its fluorescence at 595 nm. This quenched fluorescence of the doxorubicin prodrug is recovered upon its bond‐cleaving reaction with tetrazine. Clinically assessed iron oxide nanoparticles were used to formulate a doxorubicin nanodrug. The release of doxorubicin from the nanodrug was studied under various experimental conditions. A fivefold increase in doxorubicin fluorescence is observed after complete release. The studies were carried out in vitro in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. An increase in Dox signal was observed upon tetrazine administration. This switchable fluorescence mechanism of Dox could be employed for fundamental studies, that is, the reactivity of various tetrazine and TCO linker types under different experimental conditions. In addition, the system could be instrumental for translational research where the release and activation of doxorubicin prodrug payloads can be monitored by using optical imaging systems.
Fast maximum coverage of system behavior from a performance and power point of view
Authors: Da Costa Georges , Pierson Jean‐Marc , Fontoura‐Cupertino Leandro 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis article proposes a methodology for constructing and assessing the quality of benchmark‐suites dedicated to understand server behavior. Applications are multiple: behavioral models creation, power capping, abnormal behavior detection, model validation. To reach all the operating points of one server, an automatic operating range detection is necessary. To get the knowledge of the operating range, an exhaustive search of possible reachable states must be conducted. While many works use for this purpose only simplistic benchmark‐suites in their research, we show in this article that using simple assumptions (leading to simple models such as linear ones) introduces large bias. We identify the bias due to individual hardware components. The key for understanding and modeling of the system behavior (from performance and power consumption points of view) is to stress the system and its subsystems on a large set of configurations, and to collect values spanning over a large spectrum. We define a coverage metric for evaluating the coverage of measured performance indicators and power values. We evaluate different benchmarks using that metric, and thoroughly analyze their impact on the collected values. Finally, we propose a benchmark‐suite providing a large coverage, adapted to general cases.
Electrochemiluminescence Single‐Cell Analysis: Intensity‐ and Imaging‐Based Methods
Authors: Ding Hao , Guo Weiliang , Su Bin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCellular heterogeneity is always present in any cell population. It is the fundamental to understand how single cells and cell ensembles behave under perturbation, which is essential for both basic research and clinical application. Various approaches have been developed to study cell‐to‐cell difference at the single‐cell level, among which electrochemiluminescence (ECL) single‐cell analysis has emerged in recent years. This Minireview focuses on the advances in ECL single cell analysis. After a brief introduction to single cell analysis and ECL, this overview mainly covers the ECL mechanisms and systems involved in ECL cytosensors, as well as the applications in ECL single cell analysis, which are classified into two main categories, namely intensity‐ and imaging‐based methods. Finally, the outlooks and challenges in this field are discussed.
Visual Psychophysics in Head‐Fixed Mice
Authors: Krauzlis Richard J. , Nichols Nick , Rangarajan Krsna V. , McAlonan Kerry , Goldstein Sheridan , Yochelson Daniel , Wang Lupeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe describe a set of protocols for doing visual psychophysical experiments in head‐fixed mice. The goal of this approach was to conduct in mice the same type of precise and well‐controlled tests of visual perception and decision making as is commonly done in primates. For example, these experimental protocols were the basis for our demonstration that mice are capable of visual selective attention in paradigms adapted from classic attention cueing paradigms in primates. Basic Protocol 1 describes how to construct the experimental apparatus, including the removable wheel assembly on which the mice run during the visual tasks, the lick spout used to deliver rewards and detect licks, and the behavioral box that places these components together with the visual displays. We also describe the functions of the computerized control system and the design of the customized head fixture. Basic Protocol 2 describes the preparation of mice for the experiments, including the detailed surgical steps. Basic Protocol 3 describes the transition to a food schedule for the mice and how to operate the experimental apparatus. Basic Protocol 4 outlines the logic of the task design and the steps necessary for training the mice. Finally, Basic Protocol 5 describes how to obtain and analyze the psychometric data. Our methods include several distinctive features, including a custom quick‐release method for holding the head and specific strategies for training mice over multiple weeks. Published 2020. U.S. Government.Basic Protocol 1: Experimental apparatusBasic Protocol 2: Head fixture surgeryBasic Protocol 3: General operation of the experimental apparatusBasic Protocol 4: Behavioral task design and trainingBasic Protocol 5: Psychometric data collection and analysis
Entangled external and internal controls on submarine fan evolution: an experimental perspective
Authors: Ferguson Ross A. , Kane Ian A. , Eggenhuisen Joris T. , Pohl Florian , Tilston Mike , Spychala Yvonne T. , Brunt Rufus L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSubmarine fans are formed by sediment‐laden flows shed from continental margins into ocean basins. Their morphology represents the interplay of external controls such as tectonics, climate and sea level with internal processes including channel migration and lobe compensation. However, the nature of this interaction is poorly understood. Physical modelling was used to represent the evolution of a natural‐scale submarine fan deposited during an externally forced waxing‐to‐waning sediment supply cycle. This was achieved by running five successive experimental turbidity currents with incrementally increasing then decreasing sediment supply rates. Deposits built upon the deposits of earlier flows and the distribution of erosion and deposition after each flow was recorded using digital elevation models. Initially, increasing sediment supply rate (waxing phase) led to widening and deepening of the slope channel, with basin‐floor deposits compensationally stepping forwards into the basin, favouring topographic lows. When sediment supply rate was decreased (waning phase), the slope‐channel filled as the bulk of the deposit abruptly back‐stepped due to interaction with depositional topography. Therefore, despite flows in the waxing and waning phases of sediment supply having nominally identical input conditions (i.e. sediment concentration, supply rate, grain size, etc.), depositional relief led to development of markedly different deposits. This demonstrates how external controls can be preserved in the depositional record through the progradation of basin floor deposits but that internal processes such as compensational stacking progressively obscure this signal through time. This evolution serves as an additional potential mechanism to explain commonly observed coarsening and thickening‐upwards lobe deposits, with abrupt transition to thin fine‐grained deposits. Meanwhile within the slope channel, external forcing was more readily detectable through time, with less internally driven reorganization. This validates many existing conceptual models and outcrop observations that channels are more influenced by external forcing whilst internal processes dominate basin floor lobe deposits in submarine fans.
Formation and dynamics of vegetated fluvial landforms follow the biogeomorphological succession model in a channelized river
Authors: Corenblit Dov , Vautier Franck , González Eduardo , Steiger Johannes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFeedback between hydrogeomorphological processes and riparian plants drives landscape dynamics and vegetation succession in river corridors. We describe the consequences of biogeomorphological feedback on the formation and dynamics of vegetated fluvial landforms based on observations from the channelized Isère River in France. The channel was laterally confined with embankments and mostly straightened. From the beginning of the 1970s to the end of the 1990s, alternate bars were progressively but heavily colonized by vegetation. This context presented an exceptional opportunity to analyse temporal adjustments between fluvial landforms and vegetation succession from bare gravel bars to mature upland forest as the consequence of biogeomorphological interactions. Based on a GIS analysis of aerial photographs (between 1948 and 1996), we show that the spatiotemporal organization of vegetated bars within the river channel observed in 1996 resulted from a bioconstruction and biostabilization effect of vegetation and interactions between bars of varying age, size and mobility. Field measurements in 1996 reflected how a strong positive feedback between sedimentary dynamics and riparian vegetation succession resulted in the construction of the vegetated bars. A highly significant statistical association of geomorphological and vegetation variables (RV of co‐inertia analysis = 0.41, p < 0.001) explained 95% of the variability in just one axis, supporting the existence of very strong feedback between geomorphological changes (i.e. the transformation of small bare alternate bars to fluvial landforms covered by mature upland forest, and vegetation succession). Such dynamics reflect the fluvial biogeomorphological successions model, as described by the authors earlier. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.