bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Safety of Ustekinumab Intensification at 90 mg Every 4 Weeks in Crohn’s Disease: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Fumery Mathurin , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Nancey Stephane , Altwegg Romain , Gilletta Cyrielle , Veyrard Pauline , Bouguen Guillaume , Viennot Stephanie , Poullenot Florian , Filippi Jerome , Buisson Anthony , Bozon Anne , Brazier Franck , Pouillon Lieven , Flourie Bernard , Boivineau Lucile , Siproudhis Laurent , Laharie David , Roblin Xavier , Diouf Momar , Treton Xavier 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The approved maintenance regimens for ustekinumab in Crohn’s disease [CD] are 90 mg every 8 or 12 weeks. Some patients will respond partially to ustekinumab or will experience a secondary loss of response. It remains poorly known if these patients may benefit from shortening the interval between injections.

Methods
All patients with active CD, as defined by Harvey–Bradshaw score ≥ 4 and one objective sign of inflammation [C-reactive protein &gt; 5 mg/L and/or faecal calprotectin &gt; 250 µg/g and/or radiological and/or endoscopic evidence of disease activity] who required ustekinumab dose escalation to 90 mg every 4 weeks for loss of response or incomplete response to ustekinumab 90 mg every 8 weeks were included in this retrospective multicentre cohort study.

Results
One hundred patients, with a median age of 35 years [interquartile range, 28–49] and median disease duration of 12 [7–20] years were included. Dose intensification was performed after a median of 5.0 [2.8–9.0] months of ustekinumab treatment and was associated with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants in respectively 29% and 27% of cases. Short-term clinical response and clinical remission were observed in respectively 61% and 31% after a median of 2.4 [1.3–3.0] months. After a median follow-up of 8.2 [5.6–12.4] months, 61% of patients were still treated with ustekinumab, and 26% were in steroid-free clinical remission. Among the 39 patients with colonoscopy during follow-up, 14 achieved endoscopic remission [no ulcers]. At the end of follow-up, 27% of patients were hospitalized, and 19% underwent intestinal resection surgery. Adverse events were reported in 12% of patients, including five serious adverse events.

Conclusion
In this multicentre study, two-thirds of patients recaptured response following treatment intensification with ustekinumab 90 mg every 4 weeks.
Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Small Particles, Big Players
Authors: Valter M , Verstockt Sare , Finalet Ferreiro J A , Cleynen I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nanovesicles released by many cell types into the extracellular space. They are important mediators of intercellular communication, enabling the functional transfer of molecules from one cell to another. Moreover, their molecular composition reflects the physiological status of the producing cell and tissue. Consequently, these vesicles have been involved in many [patho]physiological processes such as immunomodulation and intestinal epithelial repair, both key processes involved in inflammatory bowel disease. Given that these vesicles are present in many body fluids, they also provide opportunities for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarise functional roles of extracellular vesicles in health and disease, with a focus on immune regulation and intestinal barrier integrity, and review recent studies on extracellular vesicles and inflammatory bowel disease. We also elaborate on their clinical potential in inflammatory bowel disease.
Assessing the Impact of Central Bank Digital Currency on Private Banks
Authors: Andolfatto David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates how a central bank digital currency can be expected to impact a monopolistic banking sector. The paper’s framework of analysis combines the Diamond (1965) model of government debt with the Klein (1971) and Monti (1972) model of a monopoly bank. The paper finds that the introduction of a central bank digital currency has no detrimental effect on bank lending activity and may, in some circumstances, even serve to promote it. Competitive pressure leads to a higher monopoly deposit rate which reduces profit but expands deposit funding through greater financial inclusion and desired saving. An appeal to available theory and evidence suggests that a properly designed central bank digital currency is not likely to threaten financial stability.
Graft endoclamping with brachio-femoral wire conduit for elephant trunk retrieval in open thoraco-abdominal aortic repair
Authors: Gatta Emanuele , Berretta Paolo , Carbonari Luciano , Di Eusanio Marco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Staged repair involving aortic arch replacement with elephant trunk (ET) technique and thoraco-abdominal aorta (TAA) replacement is the treatment of choice for patients with extensive aortic disease. The ET graft serves as a proximal platform for subsequent distal aortic repair as it allows one to avoid hazardous dissection of the distal arch and facilitate proximal anastomosis. However, in patients with large proximal descending aorta aneurysm, identifying and retrieving the ET during the second-stage TAA intervention can be challenging because of an unclampable aorta. Here, we present our brachio-femoral wire conduit technique for a safe ET clamping and retrieval during second-stage TAA procedures.
Lead performance and clinical outcomes of patients with permanent His-Purkinje system pacing: a single-centre experience
Authors: Qian Zhiyong , Qiu Yuanhao , Wang Yao , Jiang Zeyu , Wu Hongping , Hou Xiaofeng , Zou Jiangang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsHis-Purkinje system (HPS) pacing, including His bundle (HB) and left bundle branch (LBB) pacing, has emerged as a highlighted topic in recent years. Comparisons in lead performance and clinical outcomes between HB and LBB pacing were seldom reported. We aimed to investigate the mid-long-term lead performance and clinical outcomes of permanent HPS pacing patients in our centre.Methods and resultsPermanent HB pacing was implemented by placing the pacing lead helix at the HB area. Left bundle branch pacing was achieved by placing the lead helix in the left-side sub-endocardium of the interventricular septum. Pacing parameters, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, and clinical outcomes were evaluated during follow-up. A total of 64 patients with HB pacing and 185 with LBB pacing were included. Left bundle branch pacing exhibited a slightly longer paced QRS duration than HB pacing (117.7 ± 11.0 vs. 113.7 ± 19.8 ms, P = 0.04). Immediate post-operation, LBB pacing had a significant higher R-wave amplitude (16.5 ± 7.5 vs. 4.3 ± 3.6 mV, P &lt; 0.001) and lower capture threshold (0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 1.2 ± 0.8 V, P &lt; 0.001) compared with HB pacing. During follow-up, an increase in capture threshold of &gt;1.0 V from baseline was found in eight (12.5%) patients in the HB pacing group and none in LBB pacing. Paced QRS morphology changed from Qr to QS in lead V1 in seven patients (3.8%) with LBB pacing. Both HB and LBB pacing preserved cardiac function in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) over 50%. In patients with LVEF &lt;50%, both HB and LBB pacing improved clinical outcomes during follow-up.ConclusionHis-Purkinje system pacing produced favourable electrical synchrony and improved cardiac function in patients with heart failure. Left bundle branch pacing showed superior pacing parameters over HB pacing. Lead micro-displacement with changes in paced QRS morphology posts a concern in LBB pacing.
Effect of usual source of care on receiving smoking cessation advice: Korean National Health Panel data analysis
Authors: Kim Sollip , Park Hye Kyeong , Lee Jae Ho , Cho Hong-Jun , Sung Nak Jin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite various anti-smoking policies, the smoking rate in adults is still high in Korea. Doctors’ advice is known to increase the smoking cessation success rate. However, few studies have reported the effect of having a usual source of care (USC) on receiving smoking cessation advice.

Objective
To determine the effect of USC on receiving smoking cessation advice.

Methods
We performed multiple panel logistic regression analyses to identify the effect of having a USC on the rate of receiving a doctor’s smoking cessation advice using 2009, 2012 and 2013 datasets from the Korea Health Panel database. Only people who responded to questions regarding a USC and smoking cessation advice were analysed. Eventually, 5243 observations were included in the final analysis.

Results
A higher percentage of people with a USC received smoking cessation advice from doctors (58.4% in 2009, 64.0% in 2012 and 59.6% in 2013) than those not having a USC (28.6% in 2009, 37.5% in 2012 and 34.8% in 2013). The odds ratios (ORs) of receiving smoking cessation advice in people with a USC were higher than those of people without a USC after performing multiple panel logistic regression analysis with random effects (OR: 2.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.90–2.63).

Conclusions
Having a USC increased the odds of receiving a doctor’s smoking cessation advice in Koreans. The results of this study suggest that a health care policy that encourages having a USC is useful in receiving more smoking cessation advice in a Korean population.
The Impact of Volunteering and Its Characteristics on Well-being After State Pension Age: Longitudinal Evidence From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Matthews Katey , Nazroo James 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Volunteering after retirement age is beneficial to well-being. This study furthers previous research by presenting a longitudinal analysis of the well-being of volunteers, compared to non-volunteers, based on characteristics of the voluntary work in which they participate.

Method
Participants were 3,740 people aged State Pension Age and over from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Longitudinal regression models were used to determine whether frequent volunteers saw beneficial changes in well-being (depression, satisfaction with life, CASP-19, and social isolation) compared to non-volunteers. The initial model used a hierarchical approach so that we could also examine the impact of social and health factors. Models were then run to determine whether well-being in relation to volunteering was influenced by its continuity, the number of activities engaged in, whether the volunteering was formal or informal in nature, and whether or not the respondent reported feeling appreciated for their efforts.

Results
Although sociodemographic and health circumstances reduce the magnitude of the effects of volunteering on well-being, the effect of volunteering remained significant in almost all analyses. The beneficial effect of volunteering appeared to stop among respondents who stopped volunteering between waves. The best outcomes were observed among those participating in higher numbers of activities, regardless of whether or not these were classed as formal or informal, and who felt appreciated for their work.

Discussion
Certain aspects of volunteering might be especially beneficial to the well-being of older people. That these effects stop when volunteering stops suggest a causal element to this relationship.
Identifying pathways for large-scale implementation of a school-based mental health programme in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a theory-driven approach
Authors: Alonge Olakunle , Chiumento Anna , Hamoda Hesham M , Gaber Eman , Huma Zill-e- , Abbasinejad Maryam , Hosny Walaa , Shakiba Alia , Minhas Ayesha , Saeed Khalid , Wissow Lawrence , Rahman Atif 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Globally there is a substantial burden of mental health problems among children and adolescents. Task-shifting/task-sharing mental health services to non-specialists, e.g. teachers in school settings, provide a unique opportunity for the implementation of mental health interventions at scale in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is scant information to guide the large-scale implementation of school-based mental health programme in LMICs. This article describes pathways for large-scale implementation of a School Mental Health Program (SMHP) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). A collaborative learning group (CLG) comprising stakeholders involved in implementing the SMHP including policymakers, programme managers and researchers from EMR countries was established. Participants in the CLG applied the theory of change (ToC) methodology to identify sets of preconditions, assumptions and hypothesized pathways for improving the mental health outcomes of school-aged children in public schools through implementation of the SMHP. The proposed pathways were then validated through multiple regional and national ToC workshops held between January 2017 and September 2019, as the SMHP was being rolled out in three EMR countries: Egypt, Pakistan and Iran. Preconditions, strategies and programmatic/contextual adaptations that apply across these three countries were drawn from qualitative narrative summaries of programme implementation processes and facilitated discussions during biannual CLG meetings. The ToC for large-scale implementation of the SMHP in the EMR suggests that identifying national champions, formulating dedicated cross-sectoral (including the health and education sector) implementation teams, sustained policy advocacy and stakeholders engagement across multiple levels, and effective co-ordination among education and health systems especially at the local level are among the critical factors for large-scale programme implementation. The pathways described in this paper are useful for facilitating effective implementation of the SMHP at scale and provide a theory-based framework for evaluating the SMHP and similar programmes in the EMR and other LMICs.
How to evaluate the implementation of complex health programmes in low-income settings: the approach of the Gavi Full Country Evaluations
Authors: Soi Caroline , Shearer Jessica C , Budden Ashwin , Carnahan Emily , Salisbury Nicole , Asiimwe Gilbert , Chilundo Baltazar , Sarma Haribondhu , Gimbel Sarah , Simuyemba Moses , Uddin Jasim , Masiye Felix , Kamya Moses , Hozumi Dai , Rajaratnam Julie K , Lim Stephen S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVaccination, like most other public health services, relies on a complex package of intervention components, functioning systems and committed actors to achieve universal coverage. Despite significant investment in immunization programmes, national coverage trends have slowed and equity gaps have grown. This paper describes the design and implementation of the Gavi Full Country Evaluations, a multi-country, prospective, mixed-methods approach whose goal was to monitor and evaluate processes, inputs, outputs and outcomes of immunization programmes in Bangladesh, Mozambique, Uganda and Zambia. We implemented the Full Country Evaluations from 2013 to 2018 with the goal of identifying the drivers of immunization programme improvement to support programme implementation and increase equitable immunization coverage. The framework supported methodological and paradigmatic flexibility to respond to a broad range of evaluation and implementation research questions at global, national and cross-country levels, but was primarily underpinned by a focus on evaluating processes and identifying the root causes of implementation breakdowns. Process evaluation was driven by theories of change for each Gavi funding stream (e.g. Health Systems Strengthening) or activity, ranging from global policy development to district-level programme implementation. Mixing of methods increased in relevance and rigour over time as we learned to build multiple methods into increasingly tailored evaluation questions. Evaluation teams in country-based research institutes increasingly strengthened their level of embeddedness with immunization programmes as the emphasis shifted over time to focus more heavily on the use of findings for programme learning and adaptation. Based on our experiences implementing this approach, we recommend it for the evaluation of other complex interventions, health programmes or development assistance.
Implementation research and human-centred design: how theory driven human-centred design can sustain trust in complex health systems, support measurement and drive sustained community health volunteer engagement
Authors: Adam Mary B , Minyenya-Njuguna Joy , Karuri Kamiru Wilson , Mbugua Simon , Makobu Naomi Wambui , Donelson Angela J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Human-centred design (HCD) can support complex health system interventions by navigating thorny implementation problems that often derail population health efforts. HCD is a pragmatic, ‘practice framework’, not an intervention protocol. It can build empathy by bringing patient voice, user perspective and innovation to construct and repair pieces of the intervention or health system. However, its emphasis on product development and process change with fixed end points has left it as an approach lacking explanatory power and reproducible measurement. Yet when informed by theory, the tremendous innovation potential of HCD can be harnessed to drive sustainability, mediate implementation problems, frame measurement constructs and ultimately improve population-level health outcomes. In attempting to mine, the potential of HCD we move beyond the pragmatic ‘how it works’, to the theoretical question, ‘why it works’. In doing so, we explore a more fundamental human question, ‘How can participation and engagement be sustained for impact in close to the community health systems?’ In this exploration, we illustrate the power of HCD by linking it to our theory of trust building. The research method we utilize is that of a longitudinal process evaluation. We leverage the heterogeneity of five community health units from the diverse setting (rural, peri-urban slum) to better understand what works for whom and in what context by tracking 21 groups of community health volunteers (CHVs) over 12 months. We report results with a focus on the outlier case failure to illustrate the contrast with common features of sustained CHV engagement, where recurrent reciprocal cycles of trust building are demonstrated in the successful implementation of action plans in plan-do-study-act cycles for improvement. All was accomplished by CHVs with no external funding. We conclude by discussing how HCD could be unleashed if linked to theoretical frameworks, increasing ability to address implementation challenges in complex health systems.
Evaluating an intervention for neural tube defects in coal mining cites in China: a temporal and spatial analysis
Authors: Zhang Ningxu , Liao Yilan , Ren Zhoupeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital birth defects of the central nervous system that affect 0.5–2 per 1000 pregnancies worldwide. Therefore effective interventions for birth defects, especially NTDs, are very important.

Methods
Yuanping City is a coal mining city in Shanxi Province, China, with a high incidence of NTDs. This study evaluates the effects of NTD interventions in this city after adjusting for covariates that characterize the native environment. The number of NTD cases and births for the 18 towns in Yuanping City from 2007 to 2014 were included in the study. A shared-component zero-inflated Poisson regression was applied to analyse the temporal–spatial variance among the incidence rates of NTDs in Yuanping City before and after the interventions.

Results
The results showed that existing interventions to mitigate birth defects, such as folic acid supplementation, reduced the incidence of NTDs by 53.5% in coal mining areas in Yuanping City. However, the NTD risk in areas near coal mines, especially unrestored coal mines, was still high, even after the intervention.

Conclusions
The government should focus on health hazards related to mining and agricultural production and should provide education and resources to reduce environmental exposure. Reducing environmental risks should be regarded as an early intervention strategy to mitigate birth defects.
Frontiers in human factors: embedding specialists in multi-disciplinary efforts to improve healthcare
Authors: Catchpole Ken , Bowie Paul , Fouquet Sarah , Rivera Joy , Hignett Sue 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Despite the application of a huge range of human factors (HF) principles in a growing range of care contexts, there is much more that could be done to realize this expertise for patient benefit, staff well-being and organizational performance. Healthcare has struggled to embrace system safety approaches, misapplied or misinterpreted others, and has stuck to a range of outdated and potentially counter-productive myths even has safety science has developed. One consequence of these persistent misunderstandings is that few opportunities exist in clinical settings for qualified HF professionals. Instead, HF has been applied by clinicians and others, to highly variable degrees—sometimes great success, but frequently in limited and sometimes counter-productive ways. Meanwhile, HF professionals have struggled to make a meaningful impact on frontline care and have had little career structure or support. However, in the last few years, embedded clinical HF practitioners have begun to have considerable success that are now being supported and amplified by professional networks. The recent coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) experiences confirm this. Closer collaboration between healthcare and HF professionals will result in significant and ultimately beneficial changes to both professions and clinical care.
LC–QTOF-MS Presumptive Identification of Synthetic Cannabinoids without Reference Chromatographic Retention/Mass Spectral Information. I. Reversed-Phase Retention Time QSPR Prediction as an Aid to Identification of New/Unknown Compounds
Authors: Polettini Aldo E , Kutzler Johannes , Sauer Christoph , Bleicher Sergej , Schultis Wolfgang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe application of Quantitative Structure–Property Relationship (QSPR) modeling to the prediction of reversed-phase liquid chromatography retention behavior of synthetic cannabinoids (SC), and its use in aiding the untargeted identification of unknown SC are described in this paper. 1D, 2D molecular descriptors and fingerprints of 105 SC were calculated with PaDEL-Descriptor, selected with Boruta algorithm in R environment, and used to build-up a multiple linear regression model able to predict retention times, relative to JWH-018 N-pentanoic acid-d5 as internal standard, under the following conditions: Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm I.D., 1.8 μm) column with Phenomenex SecurityGuard Ultra cartridge (C18, 10 mm × 2.1 mm I.D., &lt; 2 μm) kept at 50°C; gradient elution with 5-mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 4 with formic acid) and acetonitrile with 0.01% formic acid, flow rate 0.5 mL/min. The model was validated by repeated k-fold cross-validation using two-thirds of the compounds as training set and one-third as test set (Q2 0.8593; root mean squared error, 0.087, ca. 0.56 min; mean absolute error, 0.060) and by predicting relative Retention Times (rRT) of 5 SC left completely out of the modeling study. Application of the model in routine work showed its capacity to discriminate isomers, to identify unexpected SC in combination with mass spectral information, and to reduce the length of the list of candidate isomers to ca. one-third, thus reducing significantly the time required for predicting high-resolution product ion spectra to be compared to the unknown using a computational Mass Spectrometry (MS) search/identification approach.