bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spaced Education Through e‐Learning for Ongoing Professional Development
Authors: Hirsch Alexander W. , Nagler Joshua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe practice of emergency medicine has become increasingly complex. Constant advances in clinical practice, innovative technologies, patient safety and quality initiatives, and local and national policy changes continue to add to the cognitive load on providers. New and innovative professional development approaches are needed to help providers remain current despite busy and disparate clinician schedules.MethodsWe used a Web‐based, spaced education platform, to distribute questions to faculty and fellows within the Division of Emergency Medicine. Included content was prioritized within four subject areas: clinical practice, quality improvement, division and institution policies, and educational efforts. All questions were scenario‐based (clinical or administrative), with multiple‐choice responses. The platform provided real‐time feedback on correct response, with explanations including integrated learning materials. Invited faculty developed the questions internally using standardized resources followed by peer review. Questions were delivered weekly. Metrics regarding engagement and performance were followed, including an anonymized leaderboard. Participants were also surveyed regarding perceptions of individual questions and the overall initiative.ResultsEvery faculty member (n = 55) and fellow (n = 18) engaged in the program at some point. Ninety‐two percent of participants completed all the questions. The overall correct response rate on first attempt was 65%. For the three most challenging questions, first attempt responses were correct 41% of the time, which increased to 90% on repeat testing. Qualitative analysis of survey comments revealed the following themes: enjoying the e‐learning approach, the appreciation for the relevance of the content, and the value and quality of the explanations with integrated educational materials.ConclusionsWe outline the use of a Web‐based, spaced education curriculum for ongoing professional development in a large emergency medicine division. This initiative effectively engaged faculty members and trainees and was perceived to be of high value. The intervention successfully utilized the principles of spaced learning, test‐enhanced learning, and gaming theory within a flexible and innovative professional development curriculum.
Population genomics of the widespread African savannah treesAfzelia africanaandAfzelia quanzensisreveals no significant past fragmentation of their distribution ranges
Authors: Donkpegan Armel S. L. , Piñeiro Rosalía , Heuertz Myriam , Duminil Jérôme , Daïnou Kasso , Doucet Jean‐Louis , Hardy Olivier J. 
Published: March 2020

PremiseFew studies have addressed the evolutionary history of tree species from African savannahs.Afzeliacontains economically important timber species, including two species widely distributed in African savannahs:A. africanain the Sudanian region andA. quanzensisin the Zambezian region. We aimed to infer whether these species underwent range fragmentation and/or demographic changes, possibly reflecting how savannahs responded to Quaternary climate changes.MethodsWe characterized the genetic diversity and structure of these species across their distribution ranges using nuclear microsatellites (SSRs) and genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) markers. SixSSRloci were genotyped in 241A. africanaand 113A. quanzensisindividuals, while 2800 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in 30A. africanaindividuals.ResultsBoth species appeared to be mainly outcrossing. The kinship between individuals decayed with the logarithm of the distance at similar rates across species and markers, leading to relatively smallSpstatistics (0.0056 forSSRand 0.0054 forSNPinA. africana, 0.0075 forSSRinA. quanzensis). The patterns were consistent with isolation by distance expectations in the absence of large‐scale geographic gradients. Bayesian clustering ofSSRgenotypes did not detect genetic clusters within species. In contrast,SNPdata resolved intraspecific genetic clusters inA. africana, illustrating the higher resolving power ofGBS. However, these clusters revealed low levels of differentiation and no clear geographical entities, so that they were interpreted as resulting from the isolation by distance pattern rather than from past population fragmentation.ConclusionsThese results suggest that populations have remained connected throughout the large, continuous savannah landscapes. The absence of clear phylogeographic discontinuities, also found in a few other African savannah trees, indicates that their distribution ranges have not been significantly fragmented during the climatic oscillations of the Pleistocene, in contrast to patterns commonly found in African rainforest trees.
NKX2‐6 related congenital heart disease: Biallelic homeodomain‐disrupting variants and truncus arteriosus
Authors: Ritter Alyssa , Werner Petra , Latney Brande , Krock Bryon L. , Santani Avni , Bedoukian Emma , Skraban Cara M. , Deardorff Matthew A. , Goldmuntz Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCongenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common birth defect and are both clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Truncus arteriosus (TA), characterized by a single arterial vessel arising from both ventricles giving rise to the coronary, pulmonary and systemic arteries, is rare and only responsible for 1% of all CHD. Two consanguineous families with TA were previously identified to have homozygous nonsense variants within the gene NKX2‐6. NKX2‐6 is a known downstream target of TBX1, an important transcriptional regulator implicated in the cardiac phenotype of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome. Herein, we report two siblings with TA presumably caused by compound heterozygous NKX2‐6 variants without a history of consanguinity. Two in‐house cohorts with conotruncal defects (CTD) were sequenced for variants in NKX2‐6 and no additional cases of biallelic NKX2‐6 variants were identified. The similar phenotype of these cases, and the clustering of variants that likely result in a truncated protein that disrupts the homeobox domain, suggest that biallelic loss of function for NKX2‐6 is a rare genetic etiology for TA in particular, and possibly other types of CHD.
MAST1 variant causes mega‐corpus‐callosum syndrome with cortical malformations but without cerebellar hypoplasia
Authors: Rodríguez‐García María Elena , Cotrina‐Vinagre Francisco Javier , Gómez‐Cano María de los Ángeles , Martínez de Aragón Ana , Martín‐Hernández Elena , Martínez‐Azorín Francisco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a Caucasian Spanish origin female who showed severe psychomotor developmental delay, hypotonia, strabismus, epilepsy, short stature, and poor verbal language development. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans showed thickened corpus callosum, cortical malformations, and dilated and abnormal configuration of the lateral ventricles without hydrocephalus. Whole‐exome sequence uncovered a de novo variant in the microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase 1 gene (MAST1; NM_014975.3:c.1565G>A:p.(Gly522Glu)) that encodes for the MAST1. Only 12 patients have been identified worldwide with 10 different variants in this gene: six patients with mega‐corpus‐callosum syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia and cortical malformations; two patients with microcephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia; two patients with autism, one patient with diplegia, and one patient with microcephaly and dysmorphism. Our patient shows a new phenotypic subtype defined by mega‐corpus‐callosum syndrome with cortical malformations without cerebellar hypoplasia. In conclusion, our data expand the phenotypic spectrum associated to MAST1 gene variants.
Induction of diabetes in cynomolgus monkey with one shot of analytical grade streptozotocin
Authors: Liu Zhengzhao , Lu Ying , Hu Wenbao , Hara Hidetaka , Dai Yifan , Cai Zhiming , Mou Lisha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundsStreptozotocin (STZ)‐ induced diabetic monkey is a wide used preclinical animal model for the investigation of diabetes such as islet transplantation and development of diabetic drugs. There are serious side effects of this method, including nausea, emesis, weight loss, liver damage, renal failure, and metabolic acidosis. In order to reduce the side effects, diabetic monkeys were induced using clinical‐grade STZ. However, clinical‐grade STZ is not available in China. Here, we establised a method by using 100 mg/kg analytical‐grade STZ to induce complete diabetes in cynomolgus monkey without generating adverse effects to liver and renal.MethodsThree cynomolgus monkeys were used in this study. 100 mg/kg STZ dissolved in normal saline and infused through vein line in 5 minutes after indwelling catheter in the carotid artery and jugular vein. After the STZ administration, blood glucose levels were examined every 1 or 2 hours in the first 48 hours. Then, blood glucose levels were examined twice per day during the first week after the STZ injection. Insulin and C‐peptide levels were measured by ELISA. Blood chemistry of hepatic and renal function tests were performed. Insulin and glucagon expression in the islet of diabetic monkey and normal monkey were examined by immunohistochemistry assays.ResultsThe stimulated C‐peptide level (Intravenous glucose tolerance test) which is less than 0.5 ng/mL, the triphasic blood glucose response and the destroyed β cell suggested the complete induction of diabetes model. No apparent adverse effects were observed including no signs of vomiting and toxicity after STZ injection.ConclusionIn summary, we established a safe and reproducible STZ‐induced diabetic cynomolgus monkey model for islet transplantation which will be used to develop novel approaches for the treatment of diabetes.
Enantiodifferentiating Photodimerization of a 2,6‐Disubstituted Anthracene Assisted by Supramolecular Double‐Helix Formation with Chiral Amines
Authors: Urushima Akio , Taura Daisuke , Tanaka Makoto , Horimoto Naomichi , Tanabe Junki , Ousaka Naoki , Mori Tadashi , Yashima Eiji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel 2,6‐anthrylene‐linked bis(m‐terphenylcarboxylic acid) strand (1) self‐associates into a racemic double‐helix. In the presence of chiral mono‐ and diamines, either a right‐ or left‐handed double‐helix was predominantly induced by chiral amines sandwiched between the carboxylic acid strands with accompanying stacking of the two prochiral anthracene linker units in an enantiotopic face‐selective way, as revealed by circular dichroism and NMR spectral analyses. The photoirradiation of the optically active double helices complexed with chiral amines proceeded in a diastereo‐ (anti or syn) and enantiodifferentiating way to afford the chiral anti‐photodimer with up to 98 % enantiomeric excess when (R)‐phenylethylamine was used as a chiral double‐helix inducer. The resulting optically active anti‐photodimer can recognize the chirality of amines and diastereoselectively complex with chiral amines.
Selective Electroenzymatic Oxyfunctionalization by Alkane Monooxygenase in a Biofuel Cell
Authors: Yuan Mengwei , Abdellaoui Sofiene , Chen Hui , Kummer Matthew J. , Malapit Christian A. , You Chun , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAliphatic synthetic intermediates with high added value are generally produced from alkane sources (e.g., petroleum) by inert carbon–hydrogen (C−H) bond activation using classical chemical methods (i.e. high temperature, rare metals). As an alternative approach for these reactions, alkane monooxygenase from Pseudomonas putida (alkB) is able to catalyze the difficult terminal oxyfunctionalization of alkanes selectively and under mild conditions. Herein, we report an electrosynthetic system using an alkB biocathode which produces alcohols, epoxides, and sulfoxides through bioelectrochemical hydroxylation, epoxidation, sulfoxidation, and demethylation. The capacity of the alkB binding pocket to protect internal functional groups is also demonstrated. By coupling our alkB biocathode with a hydrogenase bioanode and using H2 as a clean fuel source, we have developed and characterized a series of enzymatic fuel cells capable of oxyfunctionalization while simultaneously producing electricity.
Chemical Deprenylation of N6‐Isopentenyladenosine (i6A) RNA
Authors: Cheng Hou‐Ping , Yang Xiao‐Hui , Lan Ling , Xie Li‐Jun , Chen Chuan , Liu Cuimei , Chu Jinfang , Li Zhi‐Yan , Liu Li , Zhang Tian‐Qi , Luo Du‐Qiang , Cheng Liang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractN6‐isopentenyladenosine (i6A) is an RNA modification found in cytokinins, which regulate plant growth/differentiation, and a subset of tRNAs, where it improves the efficiency and accuracy of translation. The installation and removal of this modification is mediated by prenyltransferases and cytokinin oxidases, and a chemical approach to selective deprenylation of i6A has not been developed. We show that a selected group of oxoammonium cations function as artificial deprenylases to promote highly selective deprenylation of i6A in nucleosides, oligonucleotides, and live cells. Importantly, other epigenetic modifications, amino acid residues, and natural products were not affected. Moreover, a significant phenotype difference in the Arabidopsis thaliana shoot and root development was observed with incubation of the cation. These results establish these small organic molecules as direct chemical regulators/artificial deprenylases of i6A.
Chiral Macrocycle‐Enabled Counteranion Trapping for Boosting Highly Efficient and Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Ning Rui , Zhou Hao , Nie Shi‐Xin , Ao Yu‐Fei , Wang De‐Xian , Wang Qi‐Qiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe tight binding enabled by tailor‐made macrocycles can be manipulated for tuning the catalysis process. In parallel to well‐developed crown ether‐based cation‐binding catalysis, a macrocycle‐enabled counteranion trapping strategy is presented for boosting highly efficient and enantioselective catalysis. A set of bis‐diarylthiourea macrocycles containing two BINOL moieties were designed and synthesized. They possess a well‐confined chiral cavity and strong binding affinities towards disulfonate anions. Caused by the tight binding, just 1 mol % macrocycle in combination with 1 mol % ethanedisulfonic acid can promote excellent conversion and up to 99 % ee in the Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles with imines. The acid or the macrocycle alone do not afford any reactivity. The high catalytic efficiency and excellent stereocontrol was ascribed to large, complexation‐induced acidity enhancement and tight ion‐pairing facilitated by cave‐like macrocyclic cavity.
A Kinetic‐Thermodynamic Study of the Effect of the Cultivar/Total Phenols on the Oxidative Stability of Olive Oils
Authors: Veloso Ana C.A. , Rodrigues Nuno , Ouarouer Yosra , Zaghdoudi Khalil , Pereira José A. , Peres António M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhysicochemical parameters, total phenols contents (TPC), and oxidative stabilities at 120–160 °C were evaluated for two monovarietal (Arbequina and Cobrançosa cultivars, cvs.) and one blend extra‐virgin olive oil, confirming the label quality grade and allowing grouping them according to the different TPC (TPC = 88 ± 7, 112 ± 6 and 144 ± 4 mg CAE/kg, for cv. Arbequina, blend and cv. Cobrançosa oils, respectively). The lipid oxidation rate increased with the decrease of the TPC, being Cobrançosa oils (higher TPC) more thermally stable. Kinetic‐thermodynamic parameters were determined using the activated complex/transition‐state theory and the values did not significantly differ for Cobrançosa and blend oils, which had the highest TPC, suggesting a hypothetically threshold saturation of the beneficial effect. Cobrançosa oils had a significant more negative temperature coefficient, higher temperature acceleration factor, greater activation energy and frequency factor, higher positive enthalpy of activation, lower negative entropy of activation, and greater positive Gibbs free energy of activation, probably due to the higher TPC. The results confirmed that lipid oxidation was a nonspontaneous, endothermic, and endergonic process with activated formed complexes structurally more ordered than the reactants. A negative deviation from the Arrhenius behavior was observed for all oils being the super‐Arrhenius behavior more marked for Arbequina oils that had the lowest TPC. Finally, the kinetic‐thermodynamic parameters allowed classifying oils according to the binomial olive cultivar/total phenols level, being the temperature acceleration factor and the Gibbs free energy of activation at 160 °C the most powerful discriminating parameters.
Improving the flame retardant properties of polyester‐cotton blend fabrics by introducing an intumescent coating via layer by layer assembly
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Meng Xiaowei , Sun Jun , Tang Wufei , Chen Shou , Peng Xiaohua , Gu Xiaoyu , Fei Bin , Bourbigot Serge , Zhang Sheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLayer by layer (LBL) assembly technique was used to deposit multilayer coating containing phosphorus‐nitrogen onto the surface of fibers to improve the flame retardancy of polyester‐cotton (PET‐COT) blended fabric. Ellipsometer results confirmed that polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), melamine (MEL), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) grew linearly on silicon wafer during the LbL process. The LOI value of coated PET‐COT fabric was increased from 20.8% of pristine fabric to 28.4% by the presence of about 9 wt% coating. Besides, this intumescent nanocoated PET‐COT fabric was self‐distinguished during the vertical burning test. Thermogravimetric analysis under both nitrogen and air atmosphere revealed that the initial degradation temperature of the coated sample was decreased and the char residue amount was significantly improved during combustion. The flame resistance performance evaluation by pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter indicated that this coating effectively reduced the peak heat release rate of PET‐COT matrix. The scanning electron micrographs of char residue demonstrated that the char formation in the condensed phase and free radical caption in the gas phase was responsible for the improved flame retardancy. It is suggested this unique facile coating technology with low cycles and high efficiency has great potential to produce commercially available flame retardant polymeric‐cotton blend fabrics.
Gluten free edible film based on rice flour reinforced by guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa) pulp
Authors: Silva‐Rodrigues Helen C. , Silveira Maíra P. , Helm Cristiane V. , de Matos Jorge Luiz M. , Jorge Regina M. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFilms based on rice flour were optimized using varying concentrations of guabiroba pulp (0–20%). After production using casting techniques, the films were subsequently characterized and compared to the control film. It was observed that the addition of guabiroba pulp enhanced the mechanical, optical, and water vapor barrier properties of the obtained films. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy tests indicated a good dispersion and interaction of the guabiroba pulp with the rice flour polymer matrix. Guabiroba pulp can therefore be used as a reinforcing additive in edible food packaging, among other purposes.
Chemical modification of apricot kernel shell waste and its effect on phenolic novolac epoxy composites
Authors: Kocaman Suheyla 
Published: March 2020

AbstractApricot kernel is one of the most abundant types of agro‐waste in the eastern Anatolia regions of Turkey. In this study, apricot kernel shells (AKShs) were chemically modified using levulinic acid (LA) for the first time, and their potential for developing biobased composites was evaluated. Phenol novolac epoxy resin was used as matrix owing to its high thermal and superior adhesion properties. Shell treatments to improve interfacial bonding were carried out using alkali, acetic acid, and LA. These treatments were aimed at improving the mechanical properties, wettability, and bonding of the composites. Moreover, these treatments could prevent the deterioration of the fiber/matrix interface (hydrophilic and hydrophobic effect) and mitigate damage to the fiber during production, which is one of the main reasons for the reduced strength of the composites. The thermal characteristics, crystallinity index, chemical composition, and surface morphology of the untreated and chemically modified AKShs and composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. In addition, the composites were analyzed in detail using mechanical tests and contact angle measurements. The chemical treatment using LA resulted in composites with superior mechanical behavior.
On the evidence of orographical modulation of regional fine scale precipitation change signals: The Carpathians
Authors: Torma Csaba , Giorgi Filippo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the greenhouse gas‐induced winter and summer precipitation change signals over the Carpathian region with special focus on topographical effects and underlying processes. Six high‐resolution (~12 km grid spacing) regional climate model projections are analyzed for the future period 2070–2099 with respect to the reference period 1976–2005 under the RCP8.5 scenarios. We find that the topographically induced fine scale modulation of the precipitation change signal is mostly of dynamical nature in winter (due to the precipitation shadowing effect), and thermodynamical in summer (associated with high elevation convection) over the region of interest. Additionally, elevation, size, and orientation of mountains play key roles in such processes. Our results draw attention to the fact that the high‐resolution representation of topography in climate models is crucial for the provision of fine scale precipitation projections in mountainous regions.
Highly fluorescent carbon dots from wheat bran as a novel drug delivery system for bacterial inhibition
Authors: John Titto Sunil , Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Kumar Devendra , Singh Sushil Kumar , Hasan Syed Hadi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we prepared carbon dots (CDs) from wheat bran via hydrothermal treatment at 180°C for 3 h. The prepared CDs showed blue‐green fluorescence under UV light. The fluorescence emission study of the CDs revealed that they showed maximum fluorescence emission at 500 nm. The prepared CDs showed a high quantum yield of 33.23%. Solvent‐dependent fluorescence emission analysis of the CDs was performed to study the variation in fluorescence emission characteristics with solvent polarity. The prepared CDs were conjugated with amoxicillin (AMX) to explore its potential for use as a drug delivery agent for AMX. The drug release profile of the CD–AMX conjugates was analyzed at different pH (5.0, 6.8 and 7.2) to study drug release kinetics. CD–AMX conjugates showed notable bacterial inhibition against Gram‐positive (S. aureus) and Gram‐negative (E. coli) strains with minimal cytotoxic effects, indicating its potential as a promising antibacterial drug delivery system.