bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain perfusion during manic episode and at 6‐month follow‐up period in bipolar disorder patients: Correlation with cognitive functions
Authors: Estudillo‐Guerra Maria Anayali , Pacheco‐Barrios Kevin , Cardenas‐Rojas Alejandra , Adame‐Ocampo Gloria , Camprodon Joan A. , Morales‐Quezada Leon , Gutiérrez‐Mora Doris , Flores‐Ramos Mónica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatterns of altered cerebral perfusion and cognitive dysfunction have been described in Bipolar Disorder (BD) acute episodes and euthymia. Knowledge of the relationship between cognitive function and perfusion in a manic state and status when followed up is still limited.ObjectiveTo describe brain perfusion alterations and its relationship with cognitive impairment in patients with BD during manic episodes and after 6 months.MethodsObservational‐prospective study in 10 type I BD adults during moderate‐severe manic episodes. We assessed sociodemographic data and clinical variables as well as cognitive function through Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry (SCIP‐S). Finally, we performed a Brain Perfusion SPECT using a Tc99m‐ethyl cysteine dimer.ResultsDuring manic episodes, patients showed cognitive impairment with a mean SCIP‐S score of 63.8 ± 17.16. This was positively correlated with perfusion measured as relative reuptake index (RRI) at the right temporal pole (ρ = 0.65 p = .0435) and negatively correlated with right the orbitofrontal cortex (ρ = −0.70 p = .0077) and the right subgenual cingulate cortex (ρ = −0.70 p = .0256). Episode severity measured by the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) positively correlated with RRI at the right temporal pole (ρ = 0.75, p = .01). At follow‐up, six patients were taking treatment and were euthymic, we found a negative correlation with the YMRS and RRI at the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (ρ = −0.8827, p = .019). They did not show significant improvement in cognitive performance at SCIP‐S, and there was negative correlation with the following of the SCIP‐S subscales; processing speed with the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal, the bilateral medial prefrontal, the left temporal pole cortex RRI, and verbal fluency with the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex RRI.ConclusionCognitive impairment was correlated with brain perfusion patterns at baseline and follow‐up. Large sample size studies with longer follow‐up are needed to describe the changes in perfusion and cognitive functions in BD.
Recent Development in Composite Membranes for Flow Batteries
Authors: Wu Jine , Dai Qing , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFlow batteries (FBs) are one of the most attractive candidates for stationary energy storage and vital in realizing the wide application of renewable energies. Membranes play an important role in isolating redox couples while transporting ions to close the internal electrical circuit. Therefore, membranes with high selectivity and conductivity are highly important. Among different membranes, a composite membrane with independent design of support layer and thin selective top layer becomes one of the most promising candidates to break the trade‐off between selectivity and conductivity. In this Review, recent studies on composite membranes for FBs and the principles of membrane design in different systems are discussed and summarized. Finally, the future direction on membrane design for different FBs is presented, which will provide an extensive, comprehensive reference to design and construct high‐performance composite membranes for FBs.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with cardiovascular disease in subjects with different glucose tolerance
Authors: Fiorentino Teresa Vanessa , Succurro Elena , Sciacqua Angela , Andreozzi Francesco , Perticone Francesco , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: May 2020

AbstarctIntroductionNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes; nonetheless, it is unknown whether the relationship between NAFLD and CVD occurs also in subjects with prediabetes. Herein, we evaluated whether NAFLD is associated with prevalent CVD in subjects with different glucose tolerance states independently of cardiovascular risk factors.Materials and methodsPresence of NALFD, defined by liver ultrasound, and its association with prevalent composite and individual CVD, including coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease, was assessed in a cohort of 1254 Caucasian subjects classified as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 517), prediabetes (n = 397) or type 2 diabetes (n = 340).ResultsPrevalence of NAFLD in the study population was 47.9%. Presence of NAFLD was linked to an augmented prevalence of composite CVD and individual CAD in all the three glucose tolerance groups. In a logistic regression model adjusted for several cardio‐metabolic risk factors, subjects with NGT and NAFLD exhibited a 3.2‐ and 3.4‐fold increased risk of having CVD or CAD, respectively, as compared with those without NAFLD. Similarly, subjects with prediabetes and NAFLD showed an increased risk of having CVD or CAD by 2.3‐ and 2.0‐fold, respectively, in comparison to their counterpart without NAFLD. Within the group with type 2 diabetes, subjects having NAFLD displayed a 2.3‐ and 2.0‐fold higher risk of having CVD or CAD, respectively, in comparison to those without NAFLD.ConclusionUltrasonography‐defined NAFLD is independently associated with an increased risk of having CVD in individuals with different glucose tolerance.
The value of local habitat heterogeneity and productivity when estimating avian species richness and species of concern
Authors: Cooper W. Justin , McShea William J. , Forrester Tavis , Luther David A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs the quality and quantity of natural habitats decrease, pressure increases to better understand species–habitat interactions and how animal communities respond to habitat changes. We assessed the relative importance of local habitat heterogeneity and productivity measures as predictors of avian species richness and compared these results to models for species of conservation concern (SCC). We derived three‐dimensional habitat heterogeneity and productivity measures from light detection and ranging data and hyperspectral imagery, and then used a Bayesian multi‐species hierarchical framework to model avian species richness and occupancy. We found both habitat heterogeneity and productivity were important factors for determining avian community richness. Three‐dimensional habitat heterogeneity and productivity metrics accurately predicted species richness at a local scale and were especially important to use within habitat guilds (i.e., alpha diversity). When scaling up to community richness across multiple habitat types (i.e., gamma diversity), two‐dimensional (surface level) productivity and heterogeneity metrics became important additions to the three‐dimensional metrics when estimating total avian richness. We also tested the utility of these metrics for predicting occupancy of SCC and compared community‐level relationships to species‐specific relationships. Species of conservation concern differed from the broader avian community with regard to local habitat heterogeneity and productivity measures. Species of conservation concern had different relationship habitat metrics than the greater avian community. Three‐dimensional measures of habitat heterogeneity and productivity predicted avian richness across the landscape, yet also highlighted the different habitat structure needs of SCC compared with the greater avian community.
Complex interactions among stressors evolve over time to drive shifts from short turfs to macroalgae on tropical reefs
Authors: Fong Caitlin R. , Gaynus Camille J. , Carpenter Robert C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMultiple stressors acting simultaneously on ecological communities are the new normal state. Stressor number and strength will increase with rising anthropogenic activity, making it critical to understand both stressor effects and interactions. Stressor temporal regimes vary in intensity, frequency, and duration, ranging from press to pulse. While stressors with different temporal regimes likely have divergent effects, this remains mostly unexplored, though there is some evidence communities are more resistant to pulse than press stressors. Coral reefs are among the most impacted marine communities, and degradation from coral to algal dominance has been attributed to increases in both local and global stressors. Overfishing, nutrient pollution, and increased sedimentation are all local stressors that have been implicated in shift dynamics. Nutrients and sediments are anthropogenically derived stressors to reefs that can have press and pulse temporal regimes. We conducted a 6‐month fully crossed factorial field experiment on algal turf communities in Moorea, French Polynesia, manipulating access by herbivores, enrichment regime, and sedimentation regime and tracked changes in benthic community composition. We found complex interactions among stressors and stressor regimes drove a series of transitions from healthy, short algal turf communities to degraded, long algal turfs, and ultimately to macroalgal‐dominated communities. While herbivory controlled final community composition after 6 months, 2‐ and 3‐way interactions among nutrient and sediment temporal stressor regimes over time drove transition dynamics, and matching of stressor temporal regimes accelerated shifts. Some stressors cryptically eroded the resilience of the community, which was only evident when the strong ecological processes that masked these effects were disrupted. Our research highlights the need to consider temporal stressor regime as well as stressor interactions, particularly in light of predicted increases in both local and global stressors and alterations to stressor temporal regimes. Our understanding of the impacts of local stressor temporal regimes is in its infancy. Here, we provide a novel demonstration that the effects of stressor temporal regime varied and multiple stressors interacted to exhibit complex, emergent interaction effects, demonstrating the need to explicitly contrast stressor temporal regimes under multiple conditions to understand how communities will respond to future challenges.
Ultrafine grinding of wheat flour: Effect of flour/starch granule profiles and particle size distribution on falling number and pasting properties
Authors: Guan Erqi , Yang Yuling , Pang Jinyue , Zhang Tingjing , Li Mengmeng , Bian Ke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, the properties of different ultrafine flour samples, including particle size distribution, damaged starch content, falling number, and pasting properties, were examined. The results indicated that the particle size decreased significantly after jet milling, as the rotation speed and grinding time increased, and the damaged starch content significantly increased as the size of the flour/starch decreased; this is in contrast to the significant decrease in falling number. Significant differences in pasting temperature were observed between straight‐grade flour (68.6°C) and five ultrafine flour samples (from 86.3 to 87.9°C). We also observed significant increases in peak viscosity, trough, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, and setback as the flour particle size decreased from 43.07 µm to 25.81 µm (D50). The same parameters significantly decreased as the flour particle size decreased from 25.81 µm to 10.15 µm (D50). Correlation analysis identified a significant negative correlation between flour particle size (D50) and damaged starch content and pasting temperature, while a significant positive correlation was found with the falling number values. The results of this work may have an important impact on the quality of processed foods.
Structural elucidation of high‐molecular‐weight alkaline degradation products of hexoses
Authors: Luo Wen‐Jing , Lu Hai‐Qin , Lei Fu‐Hou , Cheng Li‐Yun , Li Kai , Li Wen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh‐molecular‐weight alkaline degradation products of hexoses (HMWHADPs) are colored substances in sugar solutions formed during sugar manufacturing process. These products may be occluded within sugar crystals and impart yellow or brown color to sucrose, thereby negatively affecting the quality of white sugar. Thus, the structural properties of HMWHADPs pose a significant scientific problem in the sugar industry. In the present study, the structural properties of HMWHADPs were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance, zeta potential analyzer, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, ultraviolet–visible spectra, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results showed that HMWHADPs mainly contain carboxyl, aldehyde, alcoholic hydroxyl, conjugated double bonds, and saturated alkanes. Possible mechanisms of HMWHADP formation were proposed on the basis of structural property investigation. This study can be used as reference for future research and practice in developing effective methods for the removal of HMWHADPs from sugar solutions and prevention of their further formation in subsequent steps.
Applying hybrid support vector regression and genetic algorithm to water alternating CO2gas EOR
Authors: Amar Menad Nait , Zeraibi Noureddine , Jahanbani Ghahfarokhi Ashkan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWater alternating CO2gas injection (WAG CO2) is one of the most promising enhanced oil recovery techniques. The optimization of this process requires performing many time‐consuming simulations. In this paper, an intelligent hybridization based on support vector regression (SVR) and genetic algorithm (GA) is introduced for the WAG process optimization in the presence of time‐dependent constraints. Multiple SVRs are used as dynamic proxy to mimic numerical simulator behavior in real time. Latin hypercube design (LHD) is applied to generate the proper runs to train the proxy and ten supplementary runs are randomly chosen to validate it. The goal of GA in this study is twofold. First, it is employed during the training of multiple SVRs to find their appropriate hyper‐parameters. Second, once the training and validation of the dynamic proxy are done, the GA is coupled with it to find the optimum WAG parameters which maximize field oil production total (FOPT) subject to time‐dependent water‐cut constraint and some domain constraints. The task is formulated as a non‐linear constrained optimization problem. A semi‐synthetic WAG CO2case is used to examine the reliability of the approach. The results show that the established dynamic proxy is fast and accurate in reproducing the simulator outputs. The hybridization proxy‐GA is demonstrated to be reliable for the real‐time optimization of the formulated WAG process. © 2020 The Authors.Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technologypublished by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health Inequalities
Authors: Gostin Lawrence O. , Friedman Eric A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHealth inequalities are embedded in a complex array of social, political, and economic inequalities. Responding to health inequalities will require systematic action targeting all the underlying (“upstream”) social determinants that powerfully affect health and well‐being. Systemic inequalities are a major reason for the rise of modern populism that has deeply divided polities and infected politics, perhaps nowhere more so than in the United States. Concerted action to mitigate shocking levels of inequality could be a powerful antidote to nationalist populism. A basic yet critical start to addressing health inequalities is to recognize them, which demands improving data collection and analysis. Certainly, global indicators show vast progress in reducing poverty and extending life. Yet aggregate health data mask a deeper reality: health gains have disproportionately benefited the well‐off, leaving the poor and middle‐class behind.
Changes in head and neck oncologic practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brody Robert M. , Albergotti William Greer , Shimunov David , Nicolli Elizabeth , Patel Urjeet A. , Harris Brianna N. , Bur Andrés M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic has raised controversies regarding safe and effective care of patients with head and neck cancer. It is unknown how much the pandemic has changed surgeon practice.MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to head and neck surgeons assessing opinions related to treatment and concerns for the safety of patients, self, family, and staff.ResultsA total of 88 head and neck surgeons responded during the study period. Surgeons continued to recommend primary surgical treatment for oral cavity cancers. Respondents were more likely to consider nonsurgical therapy for patients with early glottic cancers and HPV‐mediated oropharynx cancer. Surgeons were least likely to be concerned for their own health and safety and had the greatest concern for their resident trainees.ConclusionsThis study highlights differences in the willingness of head and neck surgeons to delay surgery or alter plans during times when hospital resources are scarce and risk is high.
Reduction of emissions in a biodiesel‐fueled compression ignition engine using exhaust gas recirculation and selective catalytic reduction techniques
Authors: Suresh Kumar P. , Joshi Swapnil , Prasanthi Kumari N. , Sharma Amit , Nair Sathyajit , Chatterjee Suman 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes the emissions of a single‐cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel, using selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) techniques. The aim of this paper is to compare both EGR and SCR techniques, which were studied under different brake powers. Grape seed biodiesel was used as a test fuel. Experiments were performed by both techniques at different loads and rates to find out the performance change in the engine and the change in the emission rates using both the techniques. Then the observations from both the techniques were compared, concluding that both the techniques show a sufficient reduction in NOx. Using the abovementioned techniques, a reduction in hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke was observed. The EGR technique is more suitable for low‐load engine vehicles, as it affects the efficiency of the engine with an increase in the fuel consumption, whereas the SCR technique is suitable for high‐load engines, which do not affect the efficiency of the engine with a decrease in the fuel consumption.
A demonstration of automated visual evaluation of cervical images taken with a smartphone camera
Authors: Xue Zhiyun , Novetsky Akiva P. , Einstein Mark H. , Marcus Jenna Z. , Befano Brian , Guo Peng , Demarco Maria , Wentzensen Nicolas , Long Leonard Rodney , Schiffman Mark , Antani Sameer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe examined whether automated visual evaluation (AVE), a deep learning computer application for cervical cancer screening, can be used on cervix images taken by a contemporary smartphone camera. A large number of cervix images acquired by the commercial MobileODT EVA system were filtered for acceptable visual quality and then 7587 filtered images from 3221 women were annotated by a group of gynecologic oncologists (so the gold standard is an expert impression, not histopathology). We tested and analyzed on multiple random splits of the images using two deep learning, object detection networks. For all the receiver operating characteristics curves, the area under the curve values for the discrimination of the most likely precancer cases from least likely cases (most likely controls) were above 0.90. These results showed that AVE can classify cervix images with confidence scores that are strongly associated with expert evaluations of severity for the same images. The results on a small subset of images that have histopathologic diagnoses further supported the capability of AVE for predicting cervical precancer. We examined the associations of AVE severity score with gynecologic oncologist impression at all regions where we had a sufficient number of cases and controls, and the influence of a woman's age. The method was found generally resilient to regional variation in the appearance of the cervix. This work suggests that using AVE on smartphones could be a useful adjunct to health‐worker visual assessment with acetic acid, a cervical cancer screening method commonly used in low‐ and middle‐resource settings.
6TiSCH minimal scheduling function: Performance evaluation
Authors: Chang Tengfei , Vučinić Mališa , Guillén Xavier V. , Dujovne Diego , Watteyne Thomas 
Published: May 2020

6TiSCH is a standardization group within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that works on IPv6‐enabled Time‐slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) networks. The 6TiSCH protocol stack, designed by the standardization work at the IETF, has direct applicability to low‐power Internet of Things (IoT) use cases, including smart factory, building, infrastructure and home applications. A key component of the 6TiSCH stack is the Minimal Scheduling Function (MSF). MSF implements a traffic adaptation algorithm which allocates link‐layer resources, that is, cells in the TSCH schedule, according to the traffic load. MAX_NUMCELL is an important parameter defined in the MSF draft standard which determines the length of the running window used to measure cell usage. MSF draft standard does not recommend a value of MAX_NUMCELL to use. This paper provides recommendations on how to choose the value of MAX_NUMCELL, validated through simulation. For periodic traffic, setting MAX_NUMCELL to at least four times the traffic load is recommended to increase efficiency. For bursty traffic, we show that setting MAX_NUMCELL to a small value achieves a low end‐to‐end latency but at high communication overhead. In addition, an improved version of MSF is implemented and tested, which shows a 44% reduction in the communication overhead, considering MAX_NUMCELL = 4, while maintaining the same end‐to‐end latency.
Interaction of Plasmodium falciparum casein kinase 1 with components of host cell protein trafficking machinery
Authors: Batty Mitchell B. , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Dorin‐Semblat Dominique , Doerig Christian , Garcia‐Bustos Jose F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA pool of Plasmodium falciparum casein kinase 1 (PfCK1) has been shown to localize to the host red blood cell (RBC) membrane and be secreted to the extracellular medium during trophozoite stage of development. We attempted to identify mechanisms for secretion of PfCK1 and its appearance on the RBC membrane. We found that two host proteins with established functions in membrane trafficking in higher eukaryotes, GTPase‐activating protein and Vps9 domain‐containing protein 1 (GAPVD1), and Sorting nexin 22, consistently co‐purify with PfCK1, suggesting that the parasite utilizes trafficking pathways previously thought to be inactive in RBCs. Furthermore, reciprocal immunoprecipitation experiments with GAPVD1 identified parasite proteins suggestive of a protein recycling pathway hitherto only described in higher eukaryotes. Thus, we have identified components of a trafficking pathway involving parasite proteins that act in concert with host proteins, and which we hypothesize mediates trafficking of PfCK1 to the RBC during infection.
Utility of point‐of‐care ultrasound in patients with suspected diverticulitis in the emergency department
Authors: Shokoohi Hamid , Nasser Sigrid , Pyle Matthew , Earls James P. , Liteplo Andrew , Boniface Keith 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn emergency department (ED) cases with clinically suspected diverticulitis, diagnostic imaging is often needed for diagnostic confirmation, to exclude complications, and to direct patient management. Patients typically undergo a CT scan in the ED; however, in a subset of cases with suspected diverticulitis, point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) may provide sufficient data to confirm the diagnosis and ascertain a safe plan for outpatient management.We review the main sonographic features of diverticulitis and discuss the diagnostic accuracy and potential benefits of a POCUS First model.