bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel scoring method based on RNA‐Seq immunograms describing individual cancer‐immunity interactions
Authors: Kobayashi Yukari , Kushihara Yoshihiro , Saito Noriyuki , Yamaguchi Shigeo , Kakimi Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBecause of the complexity of cancer‐immune system interactions, combinations of biomarkers will be required for predicting individual patient responses to treatment and for monitoring combination strategies to overcome treatment resistance. To this end, the “immunogram” has been proposed as a comprehensive framework to capture all relevant immunological variables. Here, we developed a method to convert transcriptomic data into immunogram scores (IGS). This immunogram includes 10 molecular profiles, consisting of innate immunity, priming and activation, T cell response, interferon γ (IFNG) response, inhibitory molecules, regulatory T cells, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), recognition of tumor cells, proliferation, and glycolysis. Using genes related to these 10 parameters, we applied single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to 9417 bulk RNA‐Seq data from 9362 cancer patients with 29 different solid cancers in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Enrichment scores were z‐score normalized (Z) for each cancer type or the entire TCGA cohort. The IGS was defined by the formula IGS = 3 + 1.5 × Z so that patients would be well distributed over a range of scores from 1 to 5. The immunograms constructed in this way for all individual patients in the entire TCGA cohort can be accessed at “The RNA‐Seq based Cancer Immunogram Web” (https://yamashige33.shinyapps.io/immunogram/).
Emergence of the Link Between the Approximate Number System and Symbolic Math Ability
Authors: Wang Jinjing (Jenny) , Halberda Justin , Feigenson Lisa 
Published: August 2020

Experimentally manipulating Approximate Number System (ANS) precision has been found to influence children’s subsequent symbolic math performance. Here in three experiments (N = 160; 81 girls; 3–5 year old) we replicated this effect and examined its duration and developmental trajectory. We found that modulation of 5‐year‐olds’ ANS precision continued to affect their symbolic math performance after a 30‐min delay. Furthermore, our cross‐sectional investigation revealed that children 4.5 years and older experienced a significant transfer effect of ANS manipulation on math performance, whereas younger children showed no such transfer, despite experiencing significant changes in ANS precision. These findings support the existence of a causal link between nonverbal numerical approximation and symbolic math performance that first emerges during the preschool years.
Cord blood androgen levels of females from same sex and opposite sex twins – A pilot study
Authors: Galiano Valentina , Solazzo Giulia , Rabinovici Jaron , Nahid Farzam , Rina Hemi , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Machtinger Ronit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveOpposite‐sex twins have shown behavioural and reproductive differences between females and males. These differences may be determined by higher intrauterine levels of androgens among females that were exposed to a male co‐twin. The aim of this study was to compare cord blood androgen levels in females from same‐sex and opposite‐sex twins.DesignA prospective study. In this pilot study, we compared cord blood androgens (DHEA‐S, Δ‐4 androstenedione, total testosterone—TT) and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) levels in 20 females from same sex and 20 females from opposite‐sex dichorionic diamniotic twins. We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) modelling to assess differences in cord blood androgens between females from same‐sex twin pregnancies and females from opposite‐sex twin pregnancies.PatientsTwenty opposite‐sex twin pairs (female‐male twins) and 20 same‐sex twin pairs (female‐female).MeasurementsCord blood total testosterone, Δ‐4 androstenedione, DHEA‐S and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) levels.ResultsNo difference in the levels of androgens as Δ‐4 androstenedione, total testosterone and SHBG was identified between females that were exposed to a female co‐twin compared with females that were exposed to a male co‐twin. DHEA‐S levels were significantly lower among females from opposite‐sex twins compared with females from same‐sex twins.ConclusionsOur preliminary data do not support the hypothesis that females exposed to male co‐twins are exposed to higher levels of androgens in utero compared with females exposed to female co‐twins. Further studies are needed to explain the reported behavioural and reproductive differences among opposite‐sex twins.
Anti‐striational antibodies: Expanding their clinical significance
Authors: Suzuki Shigeaki , Nagane Yuriko , Uzawa Akiyuki , Imai Tomihiro , Murai Hiroyuki , Nakahara Jin , Utsugisawa Kimiaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnti‐striational antibodies (StrAbs) have been described as serum immunoglobulins that react with cross‐striations of skeletal muscle in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). StrAbs were expected to be useful biomarkers of MG; however, because of their low specificity, the diagnostic utility of StrAbs has been limited. The main autoantigens of StrAbs include titin, ryanodine receptor and Kv1.4. MG patients with StrAbs tend to suffer from bulbar symptoms and myasthenic crisis. The most remarkable finding regarding the clinical significance of StrAbs is their association with myositis concomitant with MG. Myocarditis is a lethal complication in MG patients, but it is treatable by immunotherapy. Patients with myocarditis usually show rapid deterioration, with serious arrhythmias and severe heart failure. As myocarditis often develops in patients with myositis accompanied by MG, MG with myositis and/or myocarditis is an important subset of patients. MG is one of the immune‐related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. MG with myositis and/or myocarditis is an infrequent subset of patients in the usual clinical settings; however, it is more common in patients with immune‐related adverse events. Anti‐titin and anti‐Kv1.4 antibodies were preferentially detected in patients with MG with myositis and/or myocarditis, and in patients with late‐onset and thymoma‐associated MG. The detection of StrAbs provides more specific and useful clinical information for the classification and management of MG patients, and identifies diagnostic biomarkers of serious immune‐related adverse events in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Exosomal miR‐130a‐3p regulates osteogenic differentiation of Human Adipose‐Derived stem cells through mediating SIRT7/Wnt/β‐catenin axis
Authors: Yang Shude , Guo Shu , Tong Shuang , Sun Xu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesIt is of profound significance for clinical bone regeneration to clarify the specific molecular mechanism from which we found that osteogenic differentiation of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) will be probably promoted by exosomes.Materials and MethodsBy means of lentiviral transfection, miR‐130a‐3p overexpression and knockdown ADSCs were constructed. Alizarin Red S was used to detect the calcium deposits, and qPCR was used to detect osteogenesis‐related genes, to verify the effect of miR‐130a‐3p on the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. CCK‐8 was used to detect the effect of miR‐130a‐3p on the proliferation of ADSCs. The target binding between miR‐130a‐3p and SIRT7 was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, the role of Wnt signalling pathway in the regulation of ADSCs osteogenesis and differentiation by miR‐130a‐3p was further verified by detecting osteogenic‐related genes and proteins and alkaline phosphatase activity.Results(a) Overexpression of miR‐130a‐3p can enhance the osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs while reducing protein and mRNA levels of SIRT7, a target of miR‐130a‐3p. (b) Our study further found that overexpression of miR‐130a‐3p leads to down‐regulation of SIRT7 expression with up‐regulation of Wnt signalling pathway‐associated protein. (c) Overexpression of miR‐130a‐3p inhibited proliferation of ADSCs, while knockdown promoted it.ConclusionsThe obtained findings indicate that exosomal miR‐130a‐3p can promote osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs partly by mediating SIRT7/Wnt/β‐catenin axis, which will hence promote the application of exosomal microRNA in the field of bone regeneration.
Care of international living kidney donor candidates in the United States: A survey of contemporary experience, practice, and challenges
Authors: Lentine Krista L. , Motter Jennifer D. , Henderson Macey L. , Hays Rebecca E , Shukhman Ellen , Hunt Julia , Al Ammary Fawaz , Kumar Vineeta , LaPointe Rudow Dianne , Van Pilsum Rasmussen Sarah E. , Nishio‐Lucar Angie G. , Schaefer Heidi M. , Cooper Matthew , Mandelbrot Didier A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe evaluation and care of non‐US citizen, non‐US residents who wish to come to the United States to serve as international living kidney donors (ILKDs) can pose unique challenges. We surveyed US transplant programs to better understand practices related to ILKD care. We distributed the survey by email and professional society list‐servs (Fall 2018, assessing 2017 experience). Eighty‐five programs responded (36.8% program response rate), of which 80 considered ILKD candidates. Only 18 programs had written protocols for ILKD evaluation. Programs had a median of 3 (range: 0,75) ILKD candidates who initiated contact during the year, from origin countries spanning 6 continents. Fewer (median: 1, range: 0,25) were approved for donation. Program‐reported reasons for not completing ILKD evaluations included visa barriers (58.6%), inability to complete evaluation (34.3%), concerns regarding follow‐up (31.4%) or other healthcare access (28.6%), and financial impacts (21.4%). Programs that did not evaluate ILKDs reported similar concerns. Staff time required to evaluate ILKDs was estimated as 1.5‐to‐3‐times (47.9%) or >3‐times (32.9%) that needed for domestic candidates. Among programs accepting ILKDs, on average 55% reported successful completion of 1‐year follow‐up. ILKD evaluation is a resource‐intensive process with variable outcomes. Planning and commitment are necessary to care for this unique candidate group.
Revisiting cytomorphology, including unusual features and clinical scenarios of 8 cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma with TFE3 immunohistochemical staining in 7 cases
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Rao Vidya , Ramadwar Mukta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo present a comprehensive analysis of cytomorphological features, including clinical scenarios, for 8 cases (4 males, 4 females, aged 17‐39 years, average = 28.5) of, retrospectively diagnosed alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), with TFE3 immunostaining in 7 cases.MethodsConventional Papanicolaou and May Grunwald‐Giemsa (MGG) stained smears and corresponding tissue sections were critically reviewed. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed for primary diagnosis in 6 cases and for metastatic lesions in 2 cases. TFE3 and other immunohistochemical stains were tested using polymer detection technique.ResultsTumour sites were thigh (n = 6), shoulder (1) and neck (1). Tumour size (n = 6) varied from 5 to 14.5 cm (average = 7.2). Seven out of 8 cases were correctly diagnosed on cytosmears. The smears were mostly hypercellular (5), composed of cohesive clusters (8), including cell balls and pseudopapillae (3) and singly scattered cells (8). Tumour cells were round to oval, containing central to eccentric nuclei (8), abundant granular (8) to finely vacuolated (7) cytoplasm that was ill‐ to well‐defined, intracytoplasmic rod‐like or needle‐shaped crystals (3) and prominent nucleoli (8), Additionally, there were binucleated cells (7), multinucleation (2), intracytoplasmic inclusions (3), intranuclear inclusions (2), intercellular stroma (5) and bare nuclei (8). Immunohistochemically, 7/8 tumours were positive for TFE3.ConclusionsThis constitutes the largest series describing cytomorphological spectrum of ASPS with TFE3 immunostaining results. Frequently observed features and rod‐like/needle‐shaped crystals on MGG smears, can help to differentiate ASPS from its mimics. TFE3 immunostaining aids in substantiating diagnoses, in an appropriate clinicoradiological context.
Using modelled prey to predict the distribution of a highly mobile marine mammal
Authors: Pendleton Daniel E. , Holmes Elizabeth E. , Redfern Jessica , Zhang Jinlun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are a widely used tool to estimate and map habitat suitability for wildlife populations. Most studies that model marine mammal density or distributions use oceanographic proxies for marine mammal prey. However, proxies could be a problem for forecasting because the relationships between the proxies and prey may change in a changing climate. We examined the use of model‐derived prey estimates in SDMs using an iconic species, the western Arctic bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus).LocationWestern Beaufort Sea, Alaska, USA.MethodsWe used Biology Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (BIOMAS) to simulate ocean conditions important to western Arctic bowhead whales, including important prey species. Using both static and dynamic predictors, we applied Maxent and boosted regression tree (BRT) SDMs to predict bowhead whale habitat suitability on an 8‐day timescale. We compared results from models that used bathymetry with those that used only BIOMAS simulated variables.ResultsThe best model included bathymetry and BIOMAS variables. Inclusion of dynamic variables in SDMs produced predictions that reflected temporal dynamics evident from the survey data. Bathymetry was the most influential variable in models that included that variable. Zooplankton was the most important variable for models that did not include bathymetry. Models with bathymetry performed slightly better than models with only BIOMAS derived variables.Main conclusionsBathymetry and modelled zooplankton were the most important predictor variables in bowhead whale distribution models. Our predictions reflected within‐year variability in bowhead whale habitat suitability. Using modelled prey availability, rather than oceanographic proxies, could be important for forecasting species distributions. Predictor variables used in our study were derived from a biophysical ocean model with demonstrated ability to project future ocean conditions. A natural next step is to use output from our biophysical ocean model to understand the effects of Arctic climate change.
At multiple fronts: Diabetes stigma and weight stigma in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Himmelstein M. S. , Puhl R. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe diabetes and obesity fields have called for attention to the harmful role of stigma in obesity and diabetes, especially given that little is known about the extent and nature of diabetes stigma facing adults with type 2 diabetes, or the experience of weight stigma in this population. This study addresses this research gap by examining the prevalence and demographic correlates of weight stigma and diabetes stigma in individuals with type 2 diabetes.MethodsAdults (N = 1212, Mage = 52) with type 2 diabetes living in the USA were recruited by a healthcare‐oriented market research firm, and completed online questionnaires to assess their experiences with weight stigma and diabetes stigma, as well as their internalization of both forms of stigma. Rates of stigma and sociodemographic correlates (years with type 2 diabetes, age, education, income, gender, race and BMI) were examined.ResultsMore than half of participants reported prior experiences of weight stigma, and 40–60% reported experiencing weight stigma in a healthcare context. Participants reported frequent experiences with diabetes‐related stigma including blame and judgement, self‐stigma and differential treatment. Women reported more weight stigma than men, and White women appeared particularly at risk for experiencing weight and diabetes related stigma relative to Black women.ConclusionsIndividuals with type 2 diabetes reported higher rates of weight stigma than the general population, experienced high rates of diabetes‐related stigma, and many internalized these forms of stigma. Increased attention to stigma reduction is essential to ensuring equitable care for individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal cardiac Doppler data in healthy Turkish population: ECHO‐DOP‐TR Trial
Authors: Şafak Özgen , Gürsoy Ozan , Emren Volkan , Demir Emre , Yıldırım Tarık , Argan Onur , Şimşek Ersin Çağrı , Aytemiz Fatih , Özdemir Emre , Bayar Nermin , Erkal Zehra , Çelik Oğuzhan , Akhan Onur , Dönmez Cevdet , Kemaloğlu Öz Tuğba , Akyel Serdar , Oktay Ergene Asim , Özkan Mehmet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimDoppler echocardiography has become the standard imaging modality for diastolic function and provides pathophysiological insight into systolic and diastolic heart failure. In this study, we aimed to obtain normal echocardiographic Doppler parameters of healthy Turkish population.MethodsAmong 31 collaborating institutions from all regions of Turkey, 1154 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Predefined protocols were used for all participants during echocardiographic examination and The American Society of Echocardiography and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging recommendations were used for echocardiographic Doppler measurements.ResultsA total of 967 healthy participants were enrolled in this study after applying exclusion criteria. Echocardiographic examination was obtained from all subjects following predefined protocols. Mitral E wave velocity and E/A ratio were higher in females and decreased progressively in advancing ages. E wave deceleration time and A wave velocity were increased with aging. Assessment of tissue Doppler velocities showed that left ventricular lateral e′, septal e′, and septal s′ were higher in younger subjects and in females. E/e′ ratio was increased progressively with advancing decades. Right ventricular e′ and s′ were decreased but a′ was increased with increasing age. Septal e′ lower than 8 cm/s was 1.9% in the fifth decade and 13.7% in ages older than 50 years. The E/e′ ratio greater than 15 (and also 13) was not found.ConclusionThis study, for the first time, provides echocardiographic reference ranges for normal cardiac Doppler data in healthy Turkish population which will be useful in routine clinical practice as well as in future clinical trials.
Concordance among diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome is inconsistent in Spanish adolescents
Authors: Fernández‐Aparicio Ángel , Perona Javier S. , Schmidt‐RioValle Jacqueline , González‐Jiménez Emilio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS), although more frequent in adults, is a growing health problem in adolescent population. There are different criteria for the diagnosis, however without a consensus of which is the best to be used in this population. The heterogeneity of the different diagnostic criteria makes it necessary to carry out more studies that analyse the degree of agreement among these criteria. The present study was aimed to evaluate the agreement between different criteria for diagnosis of MetS in adolescents.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional study was performed on 981 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from 18 schools in south‐east Spain. MetS was diagnosed by eight different criteria.ResultsThe criteria proposed by the IDF showed the highest mean values for WC and systolic blood pressure in boys and girls with MetS, and the lowest for glucose and triglycerides in boys. Depending on the diagnostic criteria used, the prevalence of MetS cases in boys ranged from 5.5% to 14.9%, while in girls varied from 3.4% to 32.6%. Both in boys and girls, the criteria proposed by the IDF was the less concordant with the other suggested criteria, while those proposed by Duncan et al, Rodriguez‐Moran et al and Cruz and Goran, were very concordant among each other. However, in girls, concordance values were not as high as those found for boys.ConclusionThe variability observed in the agreement among the existing criteria suggests the need to validate uniform criteria for the diagnosis of MetS in adolescents.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with incident sustained tachyarrhythmias: A multicenter observational study
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Di Maio Marco , Mottola Filiberto Fausto , Pagnano Gianpiero , Attena Emilio , Verde Nicoletta , Di Micco Pierpaolo , Silverio Angelo , Scudiero Fernando , Nunziata Luigi , Fele Nunzia , D'Andrea Antonello , Parodi Guido , Albani Stefano , Scacciatella Paolo , Nigro Gerardo , Severino Sergio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionLittle is still known about the prognostic impact of incident arrhythmias in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of sustained tachyarrhythmias in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, and their potential association with disease severity and in‐hospital mortality.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective multicenter observation study including consecutive patients with laboratory confirmed COVID‐19 admitted to emergency department of ten Italian Hospitals from 15 February to 15 March 2020. The prevalence and the type of incident sustained arrhythmias have been collected. The correlation between the most prevalent arrhythmias and both baseline characteristics and the development of ARDS and in‐hospital mortality has been evaluated.Results414 hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 (66.9 ± 15.0 years, 61.1% male) were included in the present study. During a median follow‐up of 28 days (IQR: 12‐45), the most frequent incident sustained arrhythmia was AF (N: 71; 17.1%), of which 50 (12.1%) were new‐onset and 21 (5.1%) were recurrent, followed by VT (N: 14, 3.4%) and supraventricular arrhythmias (N: 5, 1.2%). Incident AF, both new‐onset and recurrent, did not affect the risk of severe adverse events including ARDS and death during hospitalization; in contrast, incident VT significantly increased the risk of in‐hospital mortality (RR: 2.55; P: .003).ConclusionsAF is the more frequent incident tachyarrhythmia; however, it not seems associated to ARDS development and death. On the other hand, incident VT is a not frequent but independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients.