bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic inequalities, migration and poly tobacco use among male adults in developing countries
Authors: Millett C , Filippidis F T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Concurrently using two (dual users) or more than two (poly tobacco users) tobacco products is common in developing (low-and middle-income) countries, especially among men, and has been linked to increased health risks and nicotine addiction compared to single tobacco product use. Very little is known about the impact of migration on tobacco use patterns among these populations. This study aims to explore socioeconomic and migration related risk factors in association with poly tobacco use among men in 15 developing countries.

Methods
Data from 15 countries around the world were obtained from the most recent wave of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), collected between 2015 and 2018. A total of 155,425 men aged 15-49 were surveyed. Outcomes included single, dual and poly use, examined by education, wealth, and migration status. Migration status was defined as whether the respondent slept or reside away from home in the last 12 months. Multilevel regression models were used to estimate the between those covariates and tobacco use.

Results
In all studied countries, prevalence of dual and poly-tobacco use was highest in respondents with low socioeconomic status (SES). SES gradients in dual and poly tobacco use by education (Risk Ratio [RR]=0.64; 95%CI: 0.55-0.67 for higher education vs illiterates) and wealth index (RR = 0.15; 95%CI: 0.11-0.20 for richest vs poorest) were observed. Furthermore, results showed higher risks of being a poly user among migrant men (RR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.65-1.71).

Conclusions
We found higher risk of dual and poly tobacco use among male respondents with lower SES and migration backgrounds. This underlines the need to develop strategies to reduce smoking inequality, especially focusing on individuals with a migration background who may have more complex smoking histories and habits.

Key messages
The first study to examine the relationship between poly-tobacco use in men and their migration status in developing countries, highlighting SES gradients in use and risks among the population. Findings imply that policy makers should consider targeting populations with migration background to tackle smoking inequality.
Somali-Swedish Research Cooperation for Health (SSRCH) - a joint initiative by Somali and Swedish Universities to guide the Somali health system recovery process
Authors: Ivarsson A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the fragile Somali state, there is a research imperative to effectively guide health systems recovery, which is crucial in the national rebuilding process for societal stability and peace. Our collaboration has its roots in the early 1980's, was cut short by the civil war and revived in 2014 to meet the need for health research capacity in Somalia today. Somali universities, representing different regions (East Africa University, University of Hargeisa, Galkayo University, Benadir University, Puntland Health Science University, Amoud University, and recently Somali National University) formed a consortium with Swedish universities (Umeå, Lund, Uppsala, Karolinska Institutet and Dalarna) and Somali diaspora professionals. Most recently we joined forces with the Public Health Agency of Sweden, linking us to the National Institute of Health Somalia (NIHS). A joint action programme for capacity building in health research has been developed, as outlined in the article “Rebuilding research capacity in fragile states: the case of a Somali-Swedish global health initiative” (Glob Health Action, 2017;10:1;1348693). We have a model for working collaboratively across regions and cultural barriers, creating hope for real change. As a first step, priority was given to research capacity development of faculty staff at the Somali universities' health faculties and Ministries of Health. A 'training of trainers' course in health research methodology was carried out during 2016-2018, supported by WHO-based Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research. This has fostered health research as an integral component of these universities' academic development process. Institutional and research capacity in public health has a key role in rebuilding national health services for better health and wellbeing and to reach the SDGs (goals 3, 5, 10, 16).
HBSC Ireland and the public health community: partnerships and processes
Authors: NicGagbhainn S , Kelly C , Gavin A , Molcho M , Kolto A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
When HBSC Ireland data was first collected in 1998, very few data on children's health was available. HBSC was seen as an opportunity for Public Health Practitioners and policy-makers to move towards evidence-informed practice. Public health practitioners are invited to liaise with the research team on questionnaire content. HBSC Ireland collaborates to ensure scientifically appropriate measures that can also assist in meeting policy goals. In 2014 the researchers worked with the policy lead for Tobacco to assess children's exposure to tobacco smoke & their views of cigarette packaging. Findings were used to provide a rationale for new legislation on plain packaging for tobacco products and provide a baseline for policy evaluation. In 2018 we worked with the Health Research Board Evidence Centre to develop items on alcohol procurement and location of consumption. A partnership with the Institute of Public Health lead to the inclusion of new items on exposures to UV light and sun protection. This work is being used to develop public health messaging for children and parents by the national cancer control programme. A strategic partnership between HBSC Ireland and the Department of Children and Youth Affairs has enabled the extensive use of HBSC data in the monitoring of the Better Outcomes, Brighter Futures policy framework for children & young people. This has included adopting existing international survey items as indicators and developing new items to fill gaps in the available evidence base. The core principles of these initiatives include transparency; background conceptual & methodological materials are prepared & pilot studies are published. A key element of Knowledge Translation work is our helpdesk, providing analyses to public & community bodies for the purposes of practice, research or policy. More than 50 short reports have been provided as part of this service to the public health community in Ireland.
Building a comprehensive list of health-related SDG targets for the WHO European Region
Authors: Nogales Crespo K A , Abrantes A , Dias S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Within a sustainable development framework, health is envisioned to integrate across all Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as both a precondition and an outcome. Yet, to this day, there is no consensus over which SDG targets are relevant for health and wellbeing. While WHO identified health-related targets across all SDGs, inputs from the academic community are more conservative. Using policy documents (PDs), this study aims to build a comprehensive list of health-related SDG targets for the WHO European Region.

Methods
PDs endorsed during the 2015-2018 Sessions of the Regional Committee for Europe were selected. A supplementary list of PDs was built reviewing the content of progress reports. 32 PDs were selected following the inclusion criteria of validity and scope. With the collaboration of the Sustainable and Development Programme of WHO EURO, a working list of health-related targets was built. A content analysis of PDs was used to test this list and discover additional targets.

Results
Outside SDG 3, we identified 55 health-related targets distributed across all SDGs (22 additional to the working list). Emerging fields circumscribed to SDG 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, and 17 - in subjects related to food safety and sustainable production, health and sustainable literacy, social welfare policies, adequate housing, sustainable and inclusive communities, climate change resilience, accountable and effective institutions, participatory decision making, knowledge sharing, operational sciences, and partnerships for sustainable development.

Conclusions
By performing an analysis beyond the semantics of the SDGs, we constructed a more comprehensive and accurate representation of how health and wellbeing are embodied in the 2030 Agenda. Previous studies have used the explicit content of the SDGs, hindering the possibility to find additional connections. PDs constitute a valuable resource to advance public health within a sustainable development framework.

Key messages
PDs cross-sectoral approach contribute to understand and acknowledge the connection between health and a variety of non-health topics. Health in the 2030 Agenda relates to targets across all SDGs.
Fostering R&D of novel antibiotics and other technologies to prevent and treat infection
Authors: Renwick M , Mossialos E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Generating innovative antibiotics is an essential part of addressing antimicrobial resistance. New policies and incentives are necessary to overcoming the multiplicity of scientific, regulatory, and economic hurdles that obstruct antibiotic discovery and development. This presentation assesses the changing landscape of the antibiotics market, barriers to drug discovery and development, incentive mechanisms and strategies to overcome these barriers, and the current product pipeline for antibiotics and alternative therapies. Over recent years, many incentive programmes have been implemented to foster the antibiotic value chain. This chapter proceeds to review the key multilateral, European Union, United States, United Kingdom and regulatory initiatives incentivizing antibiotic research and development. While these initiatives have helped lift the antibiotic pipeline out of dormancy, the recent progresses in development are not sufficient to counter the unrelenting advancement of antimicrobial resistance. We argue that the current global incentive package could be strengthened by ensuring that a continuum of incentives is offered to developers, reflecting the economic need, cost distribution, and barriers of the antibiotic value chain. A global governing body that provides overarching guidance to international and national-level incentive programmes will be critical to achieving such a continuum.
Quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods for document review for monitoring purposes
Authors: Pinsker E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Following the introduction of the workshop, the first presentation will give a brief overview of quantitative and qualitative methods for content analysis that can be used for the systematic review of documents for the purposes of monitoring and evaluation of public health initiatives and programs. The types of existing documents useful for monitoring and evaluation will be identified. Furthermore, tips will be given on designing reporting forms for later review, if there is an opportunity to do so. Data management tools useful for both quantitative and qualitative content analysis will be described.
Digital health literacy in general populations – An international comparison
Authors: Van Den Broucke S , Levin-Zamir D , Schaeffer D , Pettersen K , Guttersrud Ø , Finbråten H , Telo de Arriaga M , Vrdelja M , Link T , Pelikan J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Due to the digital transformation in late modern society, digital (or e-) health literacy (DHL) is becoming increasingly relevant for people to take health related decisions. Yet despite its importance for evidence-based policy, very few tools have been developed to measure DHL, and even fewer studies have measured DHL in general populations. The Action Network on Measuring Population and Organizational Health Literacy (M-POHL) is one of the first to include a measure of DHL and its relevant correlates in the Health Literacy Survey 2019 (HLS19).

Methods
Based on an existing instrument (Van der Vaart & Drossaert, 2017), adapted to the format of the HLS-EU questionnaire for measuring comprehensive health literacy, 10 items with four Likert categories were developed to measure self-reported DHL, as well as 6 questions measuring the use of digital resources to obtain health related information and communicate with their health care system, as an optional package of the HLS19 study. Ten of the 15 countries participating in HLS19 included this optional package into their national survey. Data were collected from probability samples of at least 1.000 respondents per country, taken from the general population 18+ by personal interviews, telephone interviews or internet.

Results
For comparisons between countries, distributions of the answers to single items as well as psychometric validation and descriptive data for an index of DHL will be presented. Associations of DHL with general comprehensive health literacy, with the use of digital resources, and with other selected correlates based on correlational and regression analysis will also be presented comparatively for countries.

Conclusions
This study is the first to present standardized comparative data for the distributions of DHL and its correlates in the general population of WHO-Europe region Member States. The relevance of these results for national and European health policy will be discussed.

Panelists:
Doris Schaeffer
Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Literacy Research, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
Contact: doris.schaeffer@uni-bielefeld.de
Maria Lopatina
Department of Public Health, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
Contact: ms.lopatina@gmail.com
Miguel Arriaga
Division of Literacy, Health and Well-being, Directorate-General on Health, Lisbon, Portugal
Contact: miguelarriaga@dgs.min-saude.pt
Appropriate management and long-term outcomes of older women with breast carcinoma in Umbria (Italy)
Authors: Naldini G , Caricato M , Gili A , Lupi C , Bianconi F , Stracci F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Age is an important risk factor for breast cancer, which represents the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer death among women aged ≥50 years. International recommendations suggest that fit older women could gain similar benefit from adjuvant treatments as younger patients. The aim of our study is to estimate the average predicted probability (APP) of receiving non-adherent-to-guidelines adjuvant treatments, 5-years relative survival (5y-RS) and relative excess risk of death (RER) in older women with primitive invasive non-metastatic breast carcinoma in Umbria in 2001-2014.

Methods
We analyzed high-quality data from the Umbrian Cancer Registry. Women aged 50-89 years were grouped according to eligibility criteria for each adjuvant treatment: hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. We estimated the APP and, for women aged 50-79 years, the 5y-RS (Pohar-Perme method) and RER.

Results
Age affected the APP of receiving non-adherent-to-guidelines treatments. In the age group 70-79, the 5y-RS was higher in women receiving adherent-to-guidelines treatments: hormone therapy (96.81, 95% CI 93.46-98.46 vs 77.70, 95% CI 67.64-84.97), radiotherapy (96.60, 95% CI 92.75-98.42 vs 77.46, 95% CI 69.73-83.44) and chemotherapy (83.81, 95% CI 75.99-89.27 vs 70.26, 95% CI 60.15-78.26). The RER was significantly higher in women receiving non-adherent-to-guidelines hormone therapy in any age group and radiotherapy in women aged 60-69 (4.55, p &lt; 0.001) and 70-79 years (6.14, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The oldest age group showed the highest APP of non-adherence-to-guidelines. Non-adherence-to-guidelines was associated with worse long-term outcomes at any age. Our findings suggest a further awareness on the importance of therapeutic strategy adhering to evidence-based recommendations.

Key messages
Older women with invasive breast carcinoma tend to receive non-adherent-to-guidelines treatments. Non-adherent-to-guidelines therapeutic strategy correlates with worse health outcomes.
Elder abuse and depressive symptoms: Which is cause and effect? Bidirectional longitudinal studies
Authors: Koga C , Tsuji T , Hanazato M , Suzuki N , Kondo K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Elder abuse is a serious public health concern that increases the risks of negative health outcomes globally. It is well known that abuse in older adults is associated with depression; however, longitudinal studies investigating the causal relationship between these events are scarce. Because the cause precedes the result over time, the temporal relationships between abuse and depression should be verified from each direction. This longitudinal study therefore investigated and clarified whether depression causes or results from elder abuse among older Japanese adults.

Methods
Two longitudinal analyses were conducted using data derived from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. The data were collected in 2010 and 2013 through a mail survey of 1737 people (983 females, 754 males) across Japan.

Results
Of those who did not experience abuse in 2010, 38 (5.0%) males and 53 (5.4%) females newly experienced abuse in 2013. Among respondents who did not have depressive symptoms in 2010, 60 (8.0%) males and 61 (6.2%) females newly reported depressive symptoms in 2013. After adjusting for demographic factors in analysis 1, people who experienced abuse were 2.28-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68-3.09) more likely to have depressive symptoms 3 years later than those who were not abused. In analysis 2, respondents who had mild or severe depression in 2010 were 2.23-fold (95% CI = 1.61-3.10) more likely to have experienced abuse after 3 years than those who did not have depression.

Conclusions
After adjusting for several demographic factors, the results showed that abuse can lead to depression and that depression can be a cause of abuse. Therefore, preventing abuse should be considered from both directions.

Key messages
Elder abuse could be a cause for depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms could be a cause of elder abuse.
Metabolically healthy obesity in a young population assisted by the Family Health Strategy in Brazil
Authors: Klen M , Botelho E , Botelho B , Ferreira L , Mello T , Borges R , Machado M , Fernandes A , Pecly I , Muxfeldt E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Obesity is increasing in younger populations, and is associated with a high cardiovascular (CV) risk, however, it is not clear whether metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) may have a lower CV risk or if it is just an earlier stage of the disease.

Objective
To evaluate the prevalence and CV risk factors associated with MHO in a young population assisted by a Family Health Care unit in a large urban center in Brazil.

Methods
A cross-sectional population study for CV risk assessment in adults aged 20-50 years old from a FHC unit in Rio de Janeiro. Demographic, anthropometric data and CV risk factors were recorded. All underwent office blood pressure (OBP) measurements, laboratory evaluation (lipid and glycidic profile). Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and MHO are those who have less than 3 of the following criteria: hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL, HDL&lt;40 mg/dL (men) and 50 mg/dL (women), triglycerides&gt;150 mg/dL and increased waist circumference.

Results
A total of 632 individuals were evaluated (60% female; mean age 37 ± 9 years). The prevalence of obesity was 26%, of which 73% were classified as MHO. Obeses are older, with a higher prevalence of physical inactivity (51% vs 41%, p = 0.03), hypertension (44% vs 19%, p &lt; 0.001), dyslipidemia (50% vs 36%, p = 0.002) and diabetes (7% vs 2%, p = 0.001) with higher systolic OBP. MHO compared to unhealthy ones are significantly younger and smoke less. Despite being obese, they have lower BMI (33.6 vs 35.2 kg/m2, p = 0.02) and abdominal circumference (102 vs 110 cm, p = 0.03), with lower diastolic BP.

Conclusions
MHO was more prevalent in this young population and seems to have a lower CV risk, however it is not clear whether these younger and less obese individuals are only at an earlier stage of the disease. Perhaps the CV diseases onset is postponed for a few years. Even so, these individuals should not be excluded from public health policies as a form of primary prevention.

Key messages
In this young population, MHO was more prevalent and presented a lower CV risk. The follow-up of MHO will show if they are really healthy or if they are at an early stage of the disease.
Health inequality monitoring - measuring what and how, exactly?
Authors: Henriksson G , Olsson G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The output from health inequality monitoring systems at the national level should be comparable across countries to enable judgements about how health inequalities evolves in the EU. Such comparability presumes a common approach to what kind of data should be compiled, what indicators to focus and what measures to use. Hence, there are many decisions to be made and to agree upon. Only in terms of possible indicators, there is an overwhelming number of possibilities. This is confusing and could easily lead to diverging conclusions on how health inequalities develop within and across countries over time. As part of the Joint Action Health Equity Europe and the work conducted in work package five on monitoring, a core health inequality indicator set is being developed. The set should include a small number of indicators and contain information on health, on social determinants of health and on some measure of social position, preferably education. The indicator set should be based on data already reported to EU and liaised with other indicator initiatives. The final set will be proposed to be included on available EC platforms and specific websites as indicators of health inequalities. Such an indicator set will facilitate valid judgements on how health inequalities evolves in countries and in the EU.
In this presentation, we will learn more about the proposed JAHEE indicator set, and about the work process. We will also get a chance to reflect on and discuss the proposed indicators and measures.
The auditorium will be invited to reflect on conclusions.