bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gesundheitskompetenz und gesundheitliche Situation von Erzieher/innen
Authors: Pischke Claudia R. , Sill Janna , Steenbock Berit , Siebels Ramona , Kolpatzik Kai , Zeeb Hajo 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Erzieher/innen nehmen durch ihre Vorbildfunktion eine Schlüsselrolle bei Interventionen zur Modifikation von Gesundheitsverhalten bei Kindern ein.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Arbeit war, Ausprägungen von Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) und -zustand von Erzieher/innen sowie Lebensstilveränderungen im Rahmen der einjährigen Intervention „JolinchenKids – Fit und gesund in der Kita“ zu untersuchen.

Methodik
Im Rahmen einer cluster-kontrollierten Studie an 62 Kitas wurde GK deutschlandweit zu Baseline und Gesundheitsverhalten und -zustand von Erzieher/innen zu Baseline und nach 12 Monaten (T1) per Fragebogen erfasst (n = 132). Erzieher/innen der Interventionskitas (IKs) wurden mit denen an Wartelistenkontrollkitas (WKs) verglichen, wo die Implementierung der Intervention nach Abschluss der Folgeerhebung erfolgte.

Ergebnisse
Eine ausreichende GK wiesen 42,9 % der Erzieher/innen an IK auf im Vergleich zu 52 % an WKs. Rund 90 % der Befragten an IKs und WKs berichteten einen guten bis ausgezeichneten Gesundheitszustand zu beiden Erhebungszeitpunkten. Zu Baseline lag die Prävalenz von Übergewicht/Adipositas bei knapp 38 % an IKs (40 % an WKs) und sank auf 33 % zu T1, wobei sie an WKs unverändert blieb. Ein Viertel der Erzieher/innen an IKs (17 % an WKs) erreichte die von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation empfohlenen 2,5 h moderater körperlicher Aktivität pro Woche zu Baseline, zu T1 waren es 27 % an IKs (20 % an WKs). Nur 8 % der Erzieher/innen an IKs (9 % an WKs) konsumierten die empfohlenen fünf Portionen Obst und Gemüse pro Tag zu Baseline im Vergleich zu 15 % bzw. 13 % zu T1.

Diskussion
Die GK war bei Erzieher/innen ähnlich verteilt wie in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die Mehrheit wies einen guten Gesundheitszustand auf. Veränderungen im Gesundheitsverhalten bleiben weiterhin ein Interventionsziel.
Transparency goes a long way: information transparency and its effect on job satisfaction and turnover intentions of the professoriate
Authors: Hofmann Yvette E. , Strobel Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch and higher education institutions are becoming increasingly transparent with the adoption of the governance mechanisms of New Public Management and digital technologies. As transparency research has documented both positive and negative effects of transparency within organizations, it is not clear how transparency might affect faculty members and their job attitudes. To address this question, we develop and test hypotheses regarding the effect of perceived transparency on professors’ job satisfaction and intent to leave their university. Our results, based on the answers of over 1600 professors, support our hypothesized positive relationship between transparency and job satisfaction, a negative relationship between transparency and intent to leave, and an indirect effect of transparency on intent to leave via job satisfaction. Exploratory moderation analyses indicated that the effects of transparency are present across two different types of universities (research universities and universities of applied sciences). We discuss results regarding their implications for the management of higher education and research institutions as well as for the retention of faculty members.
Effects of front-of-pack labels on the nutritional quality of supermarket food purchases: evidence from a large-scale randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dubois Pierre , Albuquerque Paulo , Allais Olivier , Bonnet Céline , Bertail Patrice , Combris Pierre , Lahlou Saadi , Rigal Natalie , Ruffieux Bernard , Chandon Pierre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo examine whether four pre-selected front-of-pack nutrition labels improve food purchases in real-life grocery shopping settings, we put 1.9 million labels on 1266 food products in four categories in 60 supermarkets and analyzed the nutritional quality of 1,668,301 purchases using the FSA nutrient profiling score. Effect sizes were 17 times smaller on average than those found in comparable laboratory studies. The most effective nutrition label, Nutri-Score, increased the purchases of foods in the top third of their category nutrition-wise by 14%, but had no impact on the purchases of foods with medium, low, or unlabeled nutrition quality. Therefore, Nutri-Score only improved the nutritional quality of the basket of labeled foods purchased by 2.5% (−0.142 FSA points). Nutri-Score’s performance improved with the variance (but not the mean) of the nutritional quality of the category. In-store surveys suggest that Nutri-Score’s ability to attract attention and help shoppers rank products by nutritional quality may explain its performance.
Profiling of Patients with COPD for Adequate Referral to Exercise-Based Care: The Dutch Model
Authors: Spruit Martijn A. , Van’t Hul Alex , Vreeken Hilde L. , Beekman Emmylou , Post Maria H. T. , Meerhoff Guus A. , Van der Valk Anne-Loes , Zagers Cor , Sillen Maurice J. H. , Vooijs Martijn , Custers Jan , Muris Jean , Langer Daniel , Donkers Jos , Bregman Marleen , Tissink Leendert , Bergkamp Erik , Wempe Johan , Houben-Wilke Sarah , Augustin Ingrid M. L. , Bij de Vaate Eline , Franssen Frits F. M. , Van Ranst Dirk , Van der Vaart Hester , Antons Jeanine , Van Doormaal Mitchell , Koolen Eleonore H. , Van der Wees Philip , Van Snippenburg Renée , Janssen Daisy J. A. , Simons Sami 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA loss of physical functioning (i.e., a low physical capacity and/or a low physical activity) is a common feature in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To date, the primary care physiotherapy and specialized pulmonary rehabilitation are clearly underused, and limited to patients with a moderate to very severe degree of airflow limitation (GOLD stage 2 or higher). However, improved referral rates are a necessity to lower the burden for patients with COPD and for society. Therefore, a multidisciplinary group of healthcare professionals and scientists proposes a new model for referral of patients with COPD to the right type of exercise-based care, irrespective of the degree of airflow limitation. Indeed, disease instability (recent hospitalization, yes/no), the burden of disease (no/low, mild/moderate or high), physical capacity (low or preserved) and physical activity (low or preserved) need to be used to allocate patients to one of the six distinct patient profiles. Patients with profile 1 or 2 will not be referred for physiotherapy; patients with profiles 3–5 will be referred for primary care physiotherapy; and patients with profile 6 will be referred for screening for specialized pulmonary rehabilitation. The proposed Dutch model has the intention to get the right patient with COPD allocated to the right type of exercise-based care and at the right moment.
How and How Much, Do Harvesting Activities Affect Forest Soil, Regeneration and Stands?
Authors: Picchio Rodolfo , Mederski Piotr S. , Tavankar Farzam 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Lowering the impact of forest utilisation on the forest environment is a part of the improvement in sustainable forest management. As part of forest utilisation, timber harvesting can also cause environmental implications. The main impact of forest operations is on the soil, on regeneration and on the residual stand. The aim of the present review was to identify the state of the art in forest utilisation, identifying how and how much forest operations affect forest soil, regeneration and the remaining stand. Particular attention was paid to the level of impact and potential to limit this.

Recent Findings
There are a large number of publications tackling forest harvesting, but most of them do not give a comprehensive framework and they mainly focus on one or very few aspects of forest damage. In order to improve general knowledge of the impact of forest operations, it was proposed that the scope of recent findings should be examined and a compilation of the available results from different regions should be presented in one paper.

Summary
It was found that the least impactful machine-based forest operations were harvester–forwarder technologies, while a larger scale of damage could be expected from ground-based extraction systems (skidders) and cable yarders. Animal power, if applicable, tended to be very neutral to the forest environment. A decrease in damage is possible by optimising skid trail and strip road planning, careful completion of forest operations and training for operators. The existence of legal documents controlling post-harvesting stand damage are rare and have been implemented in only two countries; there is no post-harvesting control on soil damage and natural regeneration.
The Nash Solution as a von Neumann–Morgenstern Utility Function on Bargaining Games
Authors: Gerber Anke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper we prove that the symmetric Nash solution is a risk neutral von Neumann–Morgenstern utility function on the class of pure bargaining games. Our result corrects an error in Roth (Econometrica 46:587–594, 983, 1978) and generalizes Roth’s result to bargaining games with arbitrary status quo.
E-Sexual Health: A Position Statement of the European Society for Sexual Medicine
Authors: Kirana Paraskevi-Sofia , Gudeloglu Ahmet , Sansone Andrea , Fode Mikkel , Reisman Yacov , Corona Giovanni , Burri Andrea 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Opportunities and pitfalls of e-health have been described and assessed in various health domains, but in the field of sexual health, the respective literature is limited.

Aim
The aim of this document is to present the European Society of Sexual Medicine’s (ESSM) current position statement on e-sexual health.

Methods
This statement article is an expert opinion–based proposal that was developed under the auspices of the ESSM with input from the e-sexual health subcommittee of the ESSM Scientific Committee.

Outcomes
ESSM statements were provided on four domains: health information for patients, e-learning for professionals, health interventions, and health research.

Results
e-Sexual health is the use of information and communication technologies for sexual health including sexual health care, surveillance, education, knowledge, and research. Quality indicators have to be applied on Web pages that provide sexual health information, e-learning can increase educational opportunities for professionals, online treatment interventions can be effective but needs to be available to the public, and online health research can provide access to difficult to reach populations.

Clinical Implications
The ESSM acknowledges the necessity for the use of information and communication technologies to meet the sexual health needs of citizens and patients and also the professional needs of sexual healthcare providers, in an evidence-based manner.

Strengths & Limitations
ESSM statements on this topic were provided based on expert opinion and summarize the ESSM position in this field.

Conclusion
The ESSM believes that e-sexual health can provide opportunities for the improvement of the sexual health of the population.
Reflections on the anomalous ANITA events: the Antarctic subsurface as a possible explanation
Authors: Shoemaker Ian M. , Kusenko Alexander , Kuipers Munneke Peter , Romero-Wolf Andrew , Schroeder Dustin M. , Siegert Martin J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) balloon experiment was designed to detect radio signals initiated by high-energy neutrinos and cosmic ray (CR) air showers. These signals are typically discriminated by the polarization and phase inversions of the radio signal. The reflected signal from CRs suffer phase inversion compared to a direct ‘tau neutrino’ event. In this paper, we study subsurface reflection, which can occur without phase inversion, in the context of the two anomalous up-going events reported by ANITA. It is found that subsurface layers and firn density inversions may plausibly account for the events, while ice fabric layers and wind ablation crusts could also play a role. This hypothesis can be tested with radar surveying of the Antarctic region in the vicinity of the anomalous ANITA events. Future experiments should not use phase inversion as a sole criterion to discriminate between down-going and up-going events, unless the subsurface reflection properties are well understood.
The Cost-Effectiveness of 5-ALA in High-Grade Glioma Surgery: A Quality-Based Systematic Review
Authors: Warsi Nebras M. , Zewude Rahel , Karmur Brij , Pirouzmand Neda , Hachem Laureen , Mansouri Alireza 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are aggressive tumors that inevitably recur due to their diffusely infiltrative nature. Intraoperative adjuncts such as 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) have shown promise in increasing extent of resection. As the prospect of increased use of 5-ALA rises, a systematic overview of the health economics of this adjunct is critical.Methods:Medline, EMBASE, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, EconPapers, and Cochrane databases were searched for keywords relating to glioma, cost-effectiveness, and 5-ALA. Primary studies reporting on the health economics or cost-effectiveness of 5-ALA compared to white light surgery in HGG were included. Quality was assessed using the British Medical Journal guidelines.Results:Three studies were identified. All were European and conducted from the perspective of national healthcare systems. Two studies demonstrated the cost-utility of 5-ALA compared to white light (C$12,817 and C$13,508/quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs)). One assessed the cost-utility per gross total resection (C$6,813). Both these values were below the national cost-effectiveness thresholds for each respective study. The third study demonstrated no significant difference in cost of 5-ALA in glioblastoma resection (C$14,732) compared to prior to its routine use (C$15,936). The quality of these studies ranged from moderate to average. None of these studies considered patient perspective or indirect costs in their analysis.Conclusions:Growing evidence exists examining the health economic benefit of 5-ALA as an intraoperative adjunct for HGG resection. Additional studies within the Canadian context using 5-ALA, specifically incorporating patient and societal perspectives into the cost-utility analyses, are necessary to solidify this line of evidence.
Lessons learned about harmonizing survey measures for the CSER consortium
Authors: Goddard Katrina A.B. , Angelo Frank A.N. , Ackerman Sara L. , Berg Jonathan S. , Biesecker Barbara B. , Danila Maria I. , East Kelly M. , Hindorff Lucia A. , Horowitz Carol R. , Hunter Jessica Ezzell , Joseph Galen , Knight Sara J. , McGuire Amy , Muessig Kristin R. , Ou Jeffrey , Outram Simon , Rahn Elizabeth J. , Ramos Michelle A. , Rini Christine , Robinson Jill O. , Smith Hadley Stevens , Waltz Margaret , Lee Sandra Soo-Jin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Implementation of genome-scale sequencing in clinical care has significant challenges: the technology is highly dimensional with many kinds of potential results, results interpretation and delivery require expertise and coordination across multiple medical specialties, clinical utility may be uncertain, and there may be broader familial or societal implications beyond the individual participant. Transdisciplinary consortia and collaborative team science are well poised to address these challenges. However, understanding the complex web of organizational, institutional, physical, environmental, technologic, and other political and societal factors that influence the effectiveness of consortia is understudied. We describe our experience working in the Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research (CSER) consortium, a multi-institutional translational genomics consortium.Methods:A key aspect of the CSER consortium was the juxtaposition of site-specific measures with the need to identify consensus measures related to clinical utility and to create a core set of harmonized measures. During this harmonization process, we sought to minimize participant burden, accommodate project-specific choices, and use validated measures that allow data sharing.Results:Identifying platforms to ensure swift communication between teams and management of materials and data were essential to our harmonization efforts. Funding agencies can help consortia by clarifying key study design elements across projects during the proposal preparation phase and by providing a framework for data sharing data across participating projects.Conclusions:In summary, time and resources must be devoted to developing and implementing collaborative practices as preparatory work at the beginning of project timelines to improve the effectiveness of research consortia.
KENYA'S SOUTH AFRICANS AND THE POLITICS OF DECOLONIZATION
Authors: KHAN INAYA 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article examines the political impact of decolonization upon the South African community in Kenya in 1963. It stresses that the end of British rule in Kenya had different implications for different groups of South Africans in Kenya. The community has been broadly delineated into three groups. The first group is the Afrikaner farmers’ community in Kenya – a numerically small but economically strategic section of the white community which produced nearly 70 per cent of the country's wheat. The second includes those working for firms and with business interests in Nairobi, and the third includes those employed in the service of the crown. The three state actors, Britain, South Africa, and Kenya, consciously used this opportunity to define and reinforce their state ideology in opposition to one other in an intra-African theatre. South Africa attempted to establish itself as the preferred white man's dominion in Africa, while Kenya used it to entrench its anti-apartheid position whilst taking the stand that Afrikaners who renounced apartheid could stay on in Kenya. Britain prioritized the interests and demands of the British settlers in Kenya as well as its new comprehensive strategic alliance with the new Kenyan government, and made concessions to Afrikaners within this framework.
Unravelling the taxonomic identity ofOphiothelaVerrill, 1867 (Ophiuroidea) along the Brazilian coast
Authors: Alitto Renata A. S. , Granadier Gabriela , Christensen Ana B. , O'Hara Timothy , Di Domenico Maikon , Borges Michela 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSince 2012, whenOphiothelawas first described in the Atlantic, there has been no consensus regarding its identification. It has been described asO.mirabilis,O. cf.mirabilis,O.danae, or onlyOphiothelasp. In order to fill these gaps, our aim was to test if specimens from Brazil areOphiothela mirabilisand/orOphiothela danae. Syntypes from the Museum of Comparative Zoology and United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, were used. We examined species boundaries of the small six-rayed brittle starOphiothelausing independent character sets utilizing morphology (external morphology and morphometry) and molecular data (16S and COI). Concordance was found between the analyses indicating thatOphiothelasp. from Brazil (BR),Ophiothela mirabilisandOphiothela danaeare closely related. We suggest thatO.danaeshould be considered as a junior synonym ofO.mirabilis. A detailed description ofO.mirabilisBR is presented using external morphology and microstructural ossicles (arm plates, vertebra, dental and oral plates). This description includes new diagnostic features, particularly regarding its microstructures: (i) transspondylous articulation (first record in Ophiotrichidae); (ii) eight smooth knobs on the dorsal surface of the vertebrae (to date only inOphiothela); (iii) vertebrae with distal keel divided into two separate end processes matching the two large dorsal grooves proximally (first time in the literature); and (iv) an opening on both sides of the oral plate (as seen in other fissiparous speciesOphiactis savignyiandOphiocomella ophiactoides).
Jumping to conclusions, general intelligence, and psychosis liability: findings from the multi-centre EU-GEI case-control study
Authors: Tripoli Giada , Quattrone Diego , Ferraro Laura , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Rodriguez Victoria , La Cascia Caterina , La Barbera Daniele , Sartorio Crocettarachele , Seminerio Fabio , Tarricone Ilaria , Berardi Domenico , Szöke Andrei , Arango Celso , Tortelli Andrea , Llorca Pierre-Michel , de Haan Lieuwe , Velthorst Eva , Bobes Julio , Bernardo Miguel , Sanjuán Julio , Santos Jose Luis , Arrojo Manuel , Del-Ben Cristina Marta , Menezes Paulo Rossi , Selten Jean-Paul ,   EU-GEI WP2 Group, Jones Peter B. , Jongsma Hannah E , Kirkbride James B , Lasalvia Antonio , Tosato Sarah , Richards Alex , O’Donovan Michael , Rutten Bart PF , Os Jim van , Morgan Craig , Sham Pak C , Murray Robin M. , Murray Graham K. , Di Forti Marta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ‘jumping to conclusions’ (JTC) bias is associated with both psychosis and general cognition but their relationship is unclear. In this study, we set out to clarify the relationship between the JTC bias, IQ, psychosis and polygenic liability to schizophrenia and IQ.MethodsA total of 817 first episode psychosis patients and 1294 population-based controls completed assessments of general intelligence (IQ), and JTC, and provided blood or saliva samples from which we extracted DNA and computed polygenic risk scores for IQ and schizophrenia.ResultsThe estimated proportion of the total effect of case/control differences on JTC mediated by IQ was 79%. Schizophrenia polygenic risk score was non-significantly associated with a higher number of beads drawn (B = 0.47, 95% CI −0.21 to 1.16, p = 0.17); whereas IQ PRS (B = 0.51, 95% CI 0.25–0.76, p < 0.001) significantly predicted the number of beads drawn, and was thus associated with reduced JTC bias. The JTC was more strongly associated with the higher level of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in controls, including after controlling for IQ (B = −1.7, 95% CI −2.8 to −0.5, p = 0.006), but did not relate to delusions in patients.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the JTC reasoning bias in psychosis might not be a specific cognitive deficit but rather a manifestation or consequence, of general cognitive impairment. Whereas, in the general population, the JTC bias is related to PLEs, independent of IQ. The work has the potential to inform interventions targeting cognitive biases in early psychosis.
Proscribing the “Spiritually Japanese”: Nationalist Indignation, Authoritarian Responsiveness and Regime Legitimation in China Today
Authors: Gries Peter , Wang Yi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn spring 2018 China, indignant popular nationalists demanded that the “spiritually Japanese” activities of a fringe group of young Chinese who figure themselves as Japanese be proscribed. The National People's Congress quickly complied, passing legislation that made it illegal to “beautify the war of invasion.” Exploring how and why the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) responded to the demands of popular nationalists, we suggest that authoritarian representation occurs in China even beyond the bounds of everyday apolitical issues like education and healthcare. Indeed, because the CCP relies upon a nationalist claim to legitimate rule, authoritarian legislators may respond to the public on politically sensitive issues like nationalism as well. Journalists and lawyers, furthermore, can play a vital mediating role between elites and masses, facilitating the transmission of the information and expertise needed for authoritarian responsiveness. Implications for our understanding of Chinese nationalism, authoritarian responsiveness and state legitimation in China today are discussed.