bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nation Branding for China: Global Brokers in International Real Estate in China
Authors: Badaró Máximo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article I examine “nation branding” strategies in the marketing of international real estate in China. In their push to secure Chinese customers on global markets worldwide, many Western corporate actors incorporate commercial strategies that aim to enhance the appeal of the nations and cities where the sale properties are located. Their marketing narratives equate investment in foreign real estate with an investment in “quality of life”, and promote the figure of the “immigrant investor” as a way of belonging to foreign countries. The analysis focuses on the competing narratives, insecurities and hesitations of foreign real estate agencies working on China’s international real estate market. The article is based on fieldwork I conducted in China between 2014 and 2016, observing international real estate trade shows, conducting interviews with real estate agents, and reviewing promotional materials.
Economics of household food waste
Authors: Lusk Jayson L. , Ellison Brenna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFood waste has drawn increasing public attention, and the high levels of estimated waste are largely considered to be a failure of our current food system. Recently, economists have begun to weigh in, showing food waste can emerge as the result of a complex equilibrium affected by consumers’ preferences for convenience; expectations about future food prices and availability; food safety concerns; producers’ costs of holding inventory, transportation, and storage; government regulation; and technology. If food waste is a form of inefficiency, there are either strong economic motivations to reduce waste, or unmeasured costs or preferences affecting waste decisions. If consumers have behavioral biases, suffer from information asymmetries, or do not pay the full cost of their waste, there may be a role for government intervention to reduce waste, but most empirical models in the literature have not articulated or quantified the extent of the deadweight loss from the market failures in relation to food waste. In some cases, waste reduction efforts could harm producers if overall demand for food is reduced or harm consumers if overconsumption is encouraged, quality or safety degrades, or supply disruptions occur. Technological innovations, which lower the cost of storage or extend shelf life have the potential to improve both consumer and producer welfare.
Coupling property rights with responsibilities to improve conservation outcomes across land and seascapes
Authors: Moon Katie , Marsh Dru , Cvitanovic Christopher 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProtecting biodiversity in the face of contemporary conservation challenges requires actions across all land and sea tenures. In seeking improved conservation outcomes across these tenures, we undertook a multidisciplinary review of the property law, conservation and environmental ethics literature. Our review revealed three major threats of property rights to conservation: a focus on tangible goods at the expense of intangible services, a focus on the plot rather than the land or seascape and a focus on rights over responsibilities. Our analysis reveals that overcoming these threats requires a blending of the construct of property with both ecological principles and social values. To this end, we offer a practical, solutions‐focused approach that seeks to determine who has a responsibility, to whom they owe that responsibility and how that responsibility can be ascribed. This approach couples specific property rights with defined responsibilities owed to resource systems to support current and future beneficiaries. A formal recognition of the responsibilities that accompany rights can set the baseline of what society should be able to expect from rights‐holders. From this baseline, policy instruments can be more appropriately applied, supporting landholders in their responsibilities and where necessary, providing compensation for activities that extend beyond their responsibilities.
CHK1 monitors spindle assembly checkpoint and DNA damage repair during the first cleavage of mouse early embryos
Authors: Ju Jia‐Qian , Li Xiao‐Han , Pan Meng‐Hao , Xu Yao , Sun Ming‐Hong , Xu Yi , Sun Shao‐Chen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesDNA damage and errors of accurate chromosome segregation lead to aneuploidy and foetal defects. DNA repair and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) are the mechanisms developed to protect from these defects. Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is reported to be an important DNA damage response protein in multiple models, but its functions remain unclear in early mouse embryos.Materials and MethodsImmunofluorescence staining, immunoblotting and real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to perform the analyses. Reactive oxygen species levels and Annexin‐V were also detected.ResultsLoss of CHK1 activity accelerated progress of the cell cycle at the first cleavage; however, it disturbed the development of early embryos to the morula/blastocyst stages. Further analysis indicated that CHK1 participated in spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, possibly due to its regulation of kinetochore‐microtubule attachment and recruitment of BubR1 and p‐Aurora B to the kinetochores, indicating its role in SAC activity. Loss of CHK1 activity led to embryonic DNA damage and oxidative stress, which further induced early apoptosis and autophagy, indicating that CHK1 is responsible for interphase DNA damage repair.ConclusionsOur results indicate that CHK1 is a key regulator of the SAC and DNA damage repair during early embryonic development in mice.
MiR‐22‐3p inhibits fibrotic cataract through inactivation of HDAC6 and increase of α‐tubulin acetylation
Authors: Wang Xiaoran , Wang Liping , Sun Yan , Chen Baoxin , Xiong Lang , Chen Jieping , Huang Mi , Wu Jing , Tan Xuhua , Zheng Yingfeng , Huang Shan , Liu Yizhi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesFibrotic cataract, including posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC), renders millions of people visually impaired worldwide. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we report a miRNA‐based regulatory pathway that controls pathological fibrosis of lens epithelium.Materials and methodsExpression of miR‐22‐3p and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in normal and PCO patient samples were measured by qPCR. Human lens epithelial explants were treated with TGF‐β2 in the presence or absence of miR‐22‐3p mimics or inhibitor. Cell proliferation was determined by MTS assay, and migration was tested by transwell assay. Expression of HDAC6 and EMT‐related molecules were analysed by Western blot, qPCR and immunocytochemical experiments.ResultsWe identify miR‐22‐3p as a downregulated miRNA targeting HDAC6 in LECs during lens fibrosis and TGF‐β2 treatment. Mechanistically, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments in human LECs and lens epithelial explants reveal that miR‐22‐3p prevents proliferation, migration and TGF‐β2 induced EMT of LECs via targeting HDAC6 and thereby promoting α‐tubulin acetylation. Moreover, pharmacological targeting of HDAC6 deacetylase with Tubacin prevents fibrotic opaque formation through increasing α‐tubulin acetylation under TGF‐β2 stimulated conditions in both human lens epithelial explants and the whole rat lenses.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that miR‐22‐3p prevents lens fibrotic progression by targeting HDAC6 thereby promoting α‐tubulin acetylation. The ‘miR‐22‐HDAC6‐α‐tubulin (de)acetylation’ signalling axis may be therapeutic targets for the treatment of fibrotic cataract.
Uniqueness of laryngeal nerve injury following heart transplantation
Authors: de la Rosa Angelo , Aguilar Jack , Barbu Anca M. , Chang David , Kobashigawa Jon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (RLNI) after heart transplantation has not been well studied. This can manifest as vocal cord dysfunction causing dysphonia. Previous research is limited to aortic, coronary bypass, and valvular surgery. Identifying RLNI after heart transplantation is important in order to more accurately detail complications associated with this major surgery.MethodsThis is a retrospective study assessing 972 adult patients who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation between 2010‐2019. Primary outcome was incidence of RLNI. Secondary outcomes were 1‐year mortality and length of stay. Cardiology and otolaryngology notes were examined. Key word searches were used to identify possible RLNI in patients' health care record.Results2.9% (29/972) of patients developed new RLNI confirmed by laryngoscopy during hospitalization. Patients with RLNI had a significantly increased risk of 1‐year mortality (P = .015) and length of stay (P = .006) compared to those without RLNI. 68.9% (20/29) of RLNI was left‐sided (68.9%).ConclusionsRecurrent laryngeal nerve injury is a recognizable adverse outcome following heart transplantation. This study supports that RLNI is associated with increased 1‐year mortality and length of stay. Early otolaryngology evaluation may be warranted to evaluate vocal cord mobility and address potential management.
Insights on the Evidence of Cardiotoxicity of Hydroxychloroquine Prior and During COVID‐19 Epidemic
Authors: Romani Serena , Gérard Alexandre , Fresse Audrey , Viard Delphine , Van‐Obberghen Élise , Micallef Joëlle , Rocher Fanny , Drici Milou‐Daniel ,   the French Pharmacovigilance Network
Published: September 2020

The recent empirical use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) revived the interest in its cardiac toxicity, increasingly sidelined over time. We aimed to assess and compare the profile of cardiac adverse drug reactions (CADRs) associated with HCQ before and during COVID‐19. We performed a retrospective comparative observational study using the French Pharmacovigilance network database between 1985 and May 2020 to assess all postmarketing CADRs associated with HCQ notified before COVID‐19 in its approved indications for lupus and rheumatoid arthritis (preCOV), and those concerning its empirical use in COVID‐19 (COV). Eighty‐five CADR in preCOV were compared with 141 CADRs in COV. The most common CADR of preCOV were cardiomyopathies (42.4%) and conduction disorders (28.2%), both statistically more frequent than in COV (P < 0.001). COV notifications significantly highlighted repolarization and ventricular rhythm disorders (78.0%, P < 0.001) as well as sinus bradycardias (14.9%, P = 0.01) as compared with preCOV. Estimated incidence of CADR was significantly higher among patients exposed to off‐label use of HCQ in COVID‐19 (2.9%) than before COVID‐19 in its approved indications (0.01%, P < 0.001). The use of HCQ in COVID‐19 sheds a new light on the spectrum of its cardiac toxicity. This fosters the value of a closer monitoring of all patients treated with HCQ, regardless of its indication, and the importance of an update of its summary of product characteristics.
Seeking an ethical theory for the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak with special reference to Bangladesh’s law and policy
Authors: Bhuiyan A S M Anwarullah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlobally, a traditional management model has generally been used to manage disaster situations, including in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, the government mostly uses the preparedness policy for pandemic outbreak case management. With regard to the limitations arising from the pandemic outbreak the current research will investigate the following questions: when facing a devastating situation, what exactly is the nature of the pandemic outbreak management model incorporated at the governmental level? Keeping these questions in mind, the intention of the existing model is to provide smooth and appropriate assistance to recover from a pandemic outbreak, and to implement effective governance of the situation. This research will identify deficiencies in the current epidemic management policy in Bangladesh, and will assist in forming a new model and developing a systematic procedure for managing future pandemic outbreak situations. The main deficiency in Bangladesh’s pandemic management is that the policy paper has failed to identify all hazardous events that may occur in a pandemic outbreak. In most cases, it has underestimated the issues of bioethical responsibility toward the different stakeholders affected during the devastating situation of a pandemic outbreak. The policy does not emphasize the bioethical model; therefore, it fails to encourage support for either public protection or an ethically friendly management system. The model proposed in this article demonstrates an appropriate way to reduce or, if possible, avoid potential damages and losses from a pandemic outbreak. The model aims to prioritize the problems that need assistance to recover from the outbreak.
Circling the wagons or opening the circle
Authors: Pally Marcia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract“To approach eudaimonia or human flourishing,” Darcia Narvaez writes, “one must have a concept of human nature… a normal baseline.” This article asks: what is the human baseline so that we may develop public policy to suit and advance human and planetary flourishing? It proposes that our “baseline” is relational, where each person becomes her singular self through networks of relations with others and planet. Relationality is explored through Trinity, covenant, evolutionary biology, and psychology. The article concludes that public policy must be grounded not in “us‐them” thinking but in relationality as this is how we are created.
Effect of fully automated closed‐loop insulin delivery using faster aspart versus standard aspart on gluco‐regulatory hormones in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Herzig David , Studer David , Nakas Christos T , Kuenzli Christina , Stauffer Thomas P , Hovorka Roman , Bally Lia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe retrospectively assessed gluco‐regulatory hormones over 10 h (including two meals) of fully automated closed‐loop insulin delivery using faster (FA) versus standard insulin aspart (IAsp) in adults with type 2 diabetes [n = 15, age 59 ± 10 years, body mass index 34.5 ± 9.1 kg/m2, glycated haemoglobin 7.7 ± 1.2% (60 ± 13 mmol/mol)]. Plasma concentration of human insulin, IAsp, C‐peptide, glucagon, glucagon‐like peptide 1, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide and peptide tyrosine tyrosine were measured every 15‐30 min. Endogenous insulin secretion was calculated using C‐peptide deconvolution and exposures to hormones were compared using their mean plasma concentrations. Ten‐hour exposure of IAsp was higher with FA versus IAsp (P = .037) in line with the 10% higher insulin requirements to achieve similar glucose control. No significant difference was found for total insulin exposure and endogenous insulin secretion. Similarly, other gluco‐regulatory hormones did not significantly differ. In conclusion, the faster pharmacokinetic profile and slightly higher aspart exposure of FA versus IAsp remained without significant effects on endogenous insulin secretion or other gluco‐regulatory hormones. Further studies are warranted to explore the metabolic and endocrine effects of novel insulins with accelerated pharmacokinetic properties.
Evidence‐based weight loss interventions: Individualized treatment options to maximize patient outcomes
Authors: Bray George A. , Ryan Donna H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of obesity as a major public health problem, we examined three questions: How much weight loss is needed to benefit patients with obesity? How well do current therapies do in producing weight loss? What strategies can be used to improve patient outcomes using evidence‐based studies. This paper reviews literature on the outcomes of lifestyle, diet, medications and surgical treatments for obesity using literature searches for obesity treatments. Current treatments, including lifestyle, diet and exercise, produce a weight loss of 5% to 7% on average. Despite continued attempts to identify superior dietary approaches, most careful comparisons find that low carbohydrate diets are not significantly better than low fat diets for weight loss. The four medications currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for long‐term management of obesity are not as effective as surgery, adding about 5% on average to lifestyle approaches to weight loss. Two new medications that are under investigation, semaglutide and tirzepatide, significantly improve on this. For all treatments for weight loss, including lifestyle, medications and surgery, there is enormous variability in the amount of weight lost. Examination of this literature has yielded evidence supporting baseline and process predictors, but the effect sizes associated with these predictors are small and there are no prospective studies showing that a personalized approach based on genotype or phenotype will yield uniform success. Because obesity is a chronic disease it requires a ‘continuous treatment model’ across the lifespan.
Dimensionless index of the mitral valve for evaluation of degenerative mitral stenosis
Authors: Oktay Ahmet Afşin , Riehl Russell , Kachur Sergey , Khan Zahoor , Tutor Austin , Chainani Vinod , Cash Michael E. , Shah Sangeeta , Lavie Carl J. , Morin Daniel P. , Gilliland Yvonne E. , Qamruddin Salima 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeDegenerative mitral stenosis (DMS) is an increasingly recognized cause of mitral stenosis. The goal of this study was to compare echocardiographic differences between DMS and rheumatic mitral stenosis (RMS), identify echocardiographic variables reflective of DMS severity, and propose a dimensionless mitral stenosis index (DMSI) for assessment of DMS severity.MethodsThis is a single‐center, retrospective cohort study. We included patients with at least mild MS and a mean transmitral pressure gradient (TMPG) ≥4 mm Hg. Mitral valve area by the continuity equation (MVACEQ) was used as an independent reference. The DMSI was calculated as follows: DMSI = VTILVOT/ VTIMV. All‐cause mortality data were collected retrospectively.ResultsA total of 64 patients with DMS and 24 patients with RMS were identified. MVACEQ was larger in patients with DMS (1.43 ± 0.4 cm2) than RMS (0.9 ± 0.3 cm2) by ~0.5 cm2 (P = <.001), and mean TMPG was lower in the DMS group (6.0 ± 2 vs 7.9 ± 3 mm Hg, P = .003). A DMSI of ≤0.50 and ≤0.351 was associated with MVACEQ ≤1.5 and MVACEQ ≤1.0 cm2 (P < .001), respectively. With the progression of DMS from severe to very severe, there was a significant drop in DMSI. There was a nonsignificant trend toward worse survival in patients with MVACEQ ≤1.0 cm2 and DMSI ≤0.35, suggesting severe stenosis severity.ConclusionOur results show that TMPG correlates poorly with MVA in patients with DMS. Proposed DMSI may serve as a simple echocardiographic indicator of hemodynamically significant DMS.
Opioid analgesic use and its sequelae: Opioid and other substance use disorders
Authors: Rhee Taeho Greg , Rosenheck Robert A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesWhile use of opioids is a well‐established risk factor for opioid use disorder (OUD), its association with lifetime use of other addictive substances and the emergence of other lifetime substance use disorders (SUDs) has not been studied.MethodsWe used data from 36 309 US adults in the 2012‐2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III to identify those with lifetime opioid use (n = 4090; 11.3%). Of these individuals, we quantified use of other addictive substances; development of OUD and other SUDs; and whether use of opioids and development of OUD came before or after use of other substances and the emergence of other SUDs.ResultsOf the 11.3% of adults who reported any opioid use, 98.2% of such users reported use of other addictive substances. Of these opioid users, 18.1% met criteria for lifetime OUD but only 3.5% had OUD alone; 47.6% had SUDs other than OUD and 14.6% had OUD plus another SUD. In most instances, opioid use followed use of other substances and OUD followed development of other SUDs.ConclusionOpioid use is typically linked to use of multiple substances and while less than 20% developed OUD, more than half developed either OUD or another SUD. Opioid use and OUD most often followed other substance use and the emergence of other SUDs. Early intervention in OUD should consider potential complications of other present or past SUDs, and both prevention and treatment development efforts should focus on the multi‐morbid dimensions of the current opioid epidemic.
Does Special Educator Effectiveness Vary Depending on the Observation Instrument Used?
Authors: Johnson Evelyn S. , Crawford Angela R. , Zheng Yuzhu , Moylan Laura A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we compared the results of 27 special education teachers’ evaluations using two different observation instruments, the Framework for Teaching (FFT), and the Explicit Instruction observation protocol of the Recognizing Effective Special Education Teachers (RESET) observation system. Results indicate differences in the rank‐ordering of teachers depending on which instrument was used. Overall scores on RESET were higher on average than those on FFT. Item‐level analyses showed that across 125 correlations, 73 were significant, low‐moderate, and 52 were nonsignificant. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Late‐onset presentation and phenotypic heterogeneity of the rare R377W PSEN1 mutation
Authors: Scarioni M. , Arighi A. , Fenoglio C. , Sorrentino F. , Serpente M. , Rotondo E. , Mercurio M. , Marotta G. , Dijkstra A. A. , Pijnenburg Y. A. L. , Scarpini E. , Galimberti D. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeMutations in the PSEN1 gene are the most common cause of autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer’s disease and have been associated with the earliest disease onset. We describe an unusual presentation of the rare R377W PSEN1 mutation with a late age of onset, and we provide for the first time in vivo pathological evidence for this mutation.MethodsA 71‐year‐old female patient with progressive cognitive decline in the past 3 years and positive family history for dementia underwent neurological evaluation, neuropsychological testing, lumbar puncture, conventional brain imaging, amyloid‐positron emission tomography (PET) and extensive genetic screening with a next‐generation sequencing technique.ResultsThe diagnostic workup revealed mixed behavioural and amnestic disease features on neuropsychological tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET. Amyloid‐PET detected amyloid deposition in the frontal areas, in the parietal lobes and the precunei. The genetic screening revealed the presence of the rare R377W mutation in the PSEN1 gene.ConclusionsExtensive genetic screening is also advisable for late‐onset presentations of Alzheimer’s disease, especially in the presence of a positive family history or atypical clinical features.