bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable development: The stock market's view of environmental policy
Authors: Garcia‐Blandon Josep , Castillo‐Merino David , Chams Nour 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study applies panel data regression models to investigate how the stock market values the environmental policy of the firm. The empirical analysis relies on a cross‐country sample of public firms for the period between 2014 and 2017 and uses the ratings of environmental performance (EP) released by Eikon Thomson Reuters. For the first time in the related literature, the price‐to‐sales multiple is used to capture the assessment of the stock market towards EP. The study reveals that firms with the highest (lowest) scores of EP are quoted at significantly lower (higher) price‐to‐sales multiples than other firms, indicating a negative perception of the stock market towards EP. This finding is mostly driven by firms from the American region (United States and Canada). However, even in the Scandinavian region, considered as the most advanced area with regard to the concern towards environmental issues, stock market participants do not seem to have a positive view of EP. These results are robust to various checks and, particularly, to the use of the Tobin Q ratio as an alternative indicator of the stock market perceptions. The inference of this analysis suggests that the negative assessment of the stock market towards EP may constitute a deterrent for achieving more environmentally committed firms, making it difficult to accomplish the United Nations' Sustainable Development agenda.
Quadriceps or multiceps femoris?—Cadaveric study
Authors: Olewnik Łukasz , Tubbs Richard Shane , Ruzik Kacper , Podgórski Michał , Aragonés Paloma , Waśniewska Anna , Karauda Piotr , Szewczyk Bartłomiej , Sanudo Jose Ramón , Polguj Michał 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe quadriceps femoris (QF) consists of four muscles: the rectus femoris; vastus medialis; vastus lateralis, and vastus intermediate. The tendons of all of these parts join together into a single tendon that attaches to the patella. The QF is a powerful extensor of the knee joint that is needed for walking. A growing number of publications have examined the fifth head of the QF muscle. There is no information about the possibility of other heads, and there is no correct classification of their proximal attachments. Further, the frequency of occurrence of additional heads/components of the QF remains unclear.MethodsOne hundred and six lower limbs (34 male and 18 female) fixed in 10% formalin solution were examined.ResultsAdditional heads of the QF were present in 64.1% of the limbs. Three main types were identified and included subtypes. The most common was Type I (44.1%), which had an independent fifth head. This type was divided into two subtypes (A‐B) depending on its location relative to the vastus intermediate. The second most common type was Type II (30.8%), which originated from other muscles: IIA from the vastus lateralis; IIB from the vastus intermediate, and IIC from the gluteus minimus. In addition, Type III (25%) was characterized by multiple heads: IIIA—two heads with a single common tendon; IIIB—two heads with two separate tendons; IIIC—three heads (lateral, intermediate, medial), and IIID—four heads (bifurcated lateral and bifurcated medial).ConclusionThe introduction of a new classification based on a proximal attachment is necessary. The presence of the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth head varies.
Enriched Terpenes Fractions of the Latex of Euphorbia umbellata Promote Apoptosis in Leukemic Cells
Authors: Cruz Luiza Stolz , Kanunfre Carla Cristine , de Andrade Evelyn Assis , de Oliveira Alexandre Alves , Cruz Laura Stolz , de Faria Moss Mariane , Sassaki Guilherme Lanzi , Alencar Menezes Leociley Rocha , Wang Mei , Khan Ikhlas Ahmad , Beltrame Flávio Luís 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current study was carried out by a bioguided fractionation of a hexane extract of the latex of Euphorbia umbellata against leukemic cells. Samples were analyzed by NMR, GC/MS, triterpenes quantification, and MTT reduction assay. Morphological, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and caspases 3/7 analyses were performed for the dichloromethane and ethanol fractions, and selectivity index for the dichloromethane fraction. NMR analysis presented characteristic signals of terpenes and steroids, data were confirmed by the quantification of triterpenes and GC/MS analysis. MTT reduction assay demonstrated that HL‐60 was the most sensitive cell lineage against dichloromethane and ethanol fractions. Compounds of these matrices caused morphological changes compatible with apoptosis induction, altered cell cycle, increment of depolarized population cells and activation of caspases 3/7. Selectivity indices were higher than 22.44. Bioguided‐fractionation study showed that samples of the latex of E. umbellata raised the activity of the phytocomplex against leukemic cells, and the cytotoxicity can be associated with an apoptosis pathway.
Biogas Plant Upgrade to CO2‐Free Technology: A Techno‐Economic Case Study
Authors: Kutsay Andrey , Kratky Lukas , Jirout Tomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA techno‐economic analysis was performed for a biogas plant with in‐built algae production. Degradation in the fermenter occurs under mesophilic conditions, to produce 605 Nm3t−1TS of biogas and 343 Nm3t−1TS of methane after 50 days. The biogas was combusted in a combined heat‐and‐power unit to produce heat and electricity. Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris was done in co‐annular photo‐bioreactors, with an annual productivity of 107.5 t. For cultivation, both autotrophic and mixotrophic growth were assumed. Detailed mass and energy balances were done. For both conditions of algae growth, the results are approximately the same after a 30‐year payback period.
Construction of Supramolecular Polymers Based on Host‐Guest Recognition†
Authors: Ji Xiaofan , Wang Feng , Yan Xuzhou , Dong Shengyi , Huang Feihe 
Published: July 2020

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?The establishment of two new types of host‐guest recognition building blocks (21‐crown‐7/secondary ammonium salt and pillar[5]arene/alkyl chain) for supramolecular polymers.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I got my introduction to supramolecular chemistry during the postgraduate period. There are many phenomena closely related to the weak non‐covalent interactions in nature, such as the storage and transmission of genetic information through the DNA double helix structure. Inspired by these fascinating natural phenomena, scientists try to use non‐covalent interactions to prepare many very complex self‐assembled systems including supramolecular polymers from natural and artificially designed structural units. In 1987, Lehn, Cram, and Pederson won the Nobel Prize for their contribution to supramolecular chemistry. At present, supra‐molecular chemistry has developed into an emerging discipline formed by the intersection of chemistry, physics, life sciences, materials science, and electronic engineering.How do you supervise your students?Lead by example, teach students according to their aptitude, strive for excellence, and be a teacher and a friend.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Curiosity, thinking, hard work, and concentration.What's your hobbies? What's your favorite book(s)?Hiking and reading. Swordmen novels.How do you keep balance between research and family?Reasonable arrangement and choice.Who influences you mostly in your life?My grandmother. She taught me: “No pains, no gains”.Self‐assembly is a topic of intense scientific interest. Supramolecular polymers are one of the most important research directions in the field of chemical self‐assembly. As a novel kind of polymeric systems, supramolecular polymers are still in the early stage of their development. There are three fundamental scientific problems: How to expand host‐guest recognition building blocks? How to realize the control of the structures of supramolecular polymers at multiple levels? And how to realize multi‐stimuli responsivenesses of supramolecular polymers? To address these scientific problems, we constructed a series of novel supramolecular polymers based on host‐guest recognition.
Acoustophoretic Motion of Erythrocyte‐mimicking Hemoglobin Micromotors
Authors: Gao Changyong , Lin Zhihua , Zhou Chang , Wang Daolin , He Qiang 
Published: July 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionBiocompatible micromotors have received increasing attention, due to their powerful motion, diverse functionalities and autonomous navigation in the field of biomedical applications. Herein, we report an acoustically‐propelled, magnetic‐guided, erythrocyte‐mimicking hemoglobin micromotor with oxygen‐carrying capability. These hemoglobin micromotors were fabricated by encapsulating magnetic nanoparticles in hybrid hemoglobin/calcium carbonate microparticles, followed by covalently layer‐by‐layer assembly of hemoglobin multilayers. The asymmetric distribution of magnetic nanoparticles enables these micromotors to move rapidly under the propulsion of an acoustic field. The velocity of acoustophoretic motion of hemoglobin micromotors increases with the increase of input voltage of acoustic field, up to 58.2 μm·s–1 at 10 V. The hemoglobin micromotors are directionally navigated by applying an external magnetic field, and also could pass through microchannels toward the targeted region. Moreover, such hemoglobin micromotors show effective oxygen loading and releasing capability, holding considerable promise as a new platform for oxygen delivery applications.
Radiolabelled CCK2R Antagonists Containing PEG Linkers: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation
Authors: Novak Doroteja , Tomašič Tihomir , Krošelj Marko , Javornik Uroš , Plavec Janez , Anderluh Marko , Kolenc Peitl Petra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe cholecystokinin‐2/gastrin receptor (CCK2R) is considered a suitable target for the development of radiolabelled antagonists, due to its overexpression in various tumours, but no such compounds are available in clinical use. Therefore, we designed novel 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid‐conjugated ligands based on CCK2R antagonist Z360/nastorazepide. As a proof of concept that CCK2R antagonistic activity can be retained by extending the Z360/nastorazepide structure using suitable linker, we present herein three compounds containing various PEG linkers synthesised on solid phase and in solution. The antagonistic properties were measured in a functional assay in the A431‐CCK2R cell line (in the presence of agonist G17), with IC50 values of 3.31, 4.11 and 10.4 nM for compounds containing PEG4, PEG6 and PEG12, respectively. All compounds were successfully radiolabelled with indium‐111, lutetium‐177 and gallium‐68 (incorporation of radiometal >95 %). The gallium‐68‐labelled compounds were stable for up to 2 h (PBS, 37 °C). log D7.4 values were determined for indium‐111‐ and gallium‐68‐labelled compounds, showing improved hydrophilicity compared to the reference compound.
Highly Emissive Water‐Soluble Polysulfurated Pyrene‐Based Chromophores as Dual Mode Sensors of Metal Ions
Authors: Villa Marco , Roy Myriam , Bergamini Giacomo , Ceroni Paola , Gingras Marc 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPyrene‐based materials have gained considerable attention as stimuli‐responsive chemical sensors. We designed a polysulfurated arene system based on a tetra(phenylthio)pyrene core decorated with four carboxylic acid units. Three different regioisomers, ortho, meta and para were studied in organic and aqueous solution. These systems are soluble in water at pH≥8 due to the deprotonation of carboxylic acids. The addition of metal ions cannot only quench the fluorescence of the central pyrene core, but also control the formation of three‐dimensional nanoscopic objects in a dual mode function. Several divalent metal ions were tested and compared. Addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disassembles the non‐emissive supramolecular system and restores the initial fluorescence of the pyrene core.
ThDione: A Powerful Electron‐Withdrawing Moiety for Push–Pull Molecules
Authors: Novotná Eva , Kityk Iwan V. , Pytela Oldřich , Bureš Filip , Ludwig Miroslav , Klikar Milan , Ozga Katarzyna , Jedryka Jaroslaw 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of new push–pull chromophores based on a combined cyclopenta[c]thiophene‐4,6‐dione (ThDione) acceptor, N,N‐dimethylaniline, N‐piperidinylthiophene or ferrocene donors, and ethylene or buta‐1,3‐dienylene π‐linkers has been designed and synthesized. Utilizing one or two ThDione acceptors afforded linear or branched push–pull molecules. Experimental and theoretical study of their fundamental properties revealed thermal robustness up to 260 °C, a electrochemical/optical HOMO–LUMO gap that is tunable within the range of 1.47–2.19/1.99–2.39 eV, and thorough elucidation of structure–property relationships. Compared to currently available portfolio of heterocyclic electron‐withdrawing units, ThDione proved to be a powerful and versatile acceptor unit. It imparts significant intramolecular charge transfer and polarizes the π‐system, which results in enhanced (non)linear optical response.
The profitable relationship among corporate social responsibility and human resource management: A new sustainable key factor
Authors: Lombardi Rosa , Manfredi Simone , Cuozzo Benedetta , Palmaccio Matteo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has been increasingly investigated assuming several perspectives. In this scenario, human resources and particularly employees are the most relevant groups of stakeholders playing a key role in all kind of organizations. Thus, this paper aims at investigating the profitable connection between CSR and human resource management (HRM). We investigate which factors determine responsible and sustainable practices in the management of the employees’ typology contracts guaranteeing CSR and its principles. The employees’ contract typology is recognized as a sustainable key factor in influencing corporate performance. Through an empirical analysis in the football industry, we investigate if the work contracts’ average duration by football players affects the performance of their clubs. Our results demonstrate that organizations assuming stabilization and long timing in the employees’ contract are going to achieve sustainable performance assuring socially responsible practices and CSR. The awareness of the existence of a correlation between the duration of the contract and the company performance could be exploited by managers of all organizations in identifying the optimal strategy and the effectiveness in the implementation of CSR. Thus, a new sustainable key factor in assuring CSR and HRM is proposed: the employees’ contractual horizon/timing.
Development of a Novel Molecularly Imprinted Overoxidized Polypyrrole Electrode for the Determination of Sulfasalazine
Authors: Koseoglu Tugba Sardohan , Durgut Aybuke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel molecularly imprinted overoxidized polypyrrole electrode was produced for the determination of sulfasalazine (SSZ). The electrode was attained by electropolymerization of pyrrole onto a pencil graphite electrode by cyclic voltammetry. The SSZ was penetrated into the structure during the process. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to determine performance of imprinted (MIP) and non‐imprinted (NIP) electrodes. The linear range was attained in the range between 1.0 to 10.0 ppm of SSZ (R2=0.9993) with a detection limit of 0.265 ppm. The developed MIP electrode and analysis method are suitable for analysis of SSZ with reproducible response and precision in real samples.
Poly‐amidoamine Dendrimers@Fe3O4 Based Electrochemiluminescent Nanomaterials for Biosensing of Liver Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Chikhaliwala Priyal , Chandra Sudeshna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) of poly‐amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers functionalized to Fe3O4 nanoparticles (PAMAM@Fe3O4 NPs) based on Ru(bpy)32+ complex is reported. Different generations of PAMAM dendrimer consisted of 5 (D5), 10 (D10), 8 (D8) and 16 (D16) surface primary amine‐terminated groups. D5@Fe3O4 NPs enhanced ECL emission in comparison to others. A possible mechanism is elucidated based on structural functionality of PAMAM with respect to amines, carbonyl, hydroxyl groups and size‐based diffusion. ECL biosensing of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and glypican‐3 (GPC‐3) using 1 mM tri‐propylamine is demonstrated using D5@Fe3O4NP@antibodies as detection probes. Detection limit for AFP and GPC‐3 was 6 pg/mL and 0.03 pg/mL, respectively.
A Novel Platform Based on Au−CeO2@MWCNT Functionalized Glassy Carbon Microspheres for Voltammetric Sensing of Valrubicin as Bladder Anticancer Drug and its Interaction with DNA
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed , Ibrahim Hossieny , Almandil Noor B. , Sayed Marwa A. , Kawde Abdel‐Nasser , Aldaqdouq Yaqeen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, a sensitive and simple electrochemical sensor was constructed for the quantitative analysis of valrubicin (VLB), as a chemotherapy drug, in biological samples based on MWCNTs‐OH, CeO2NPs, AuNPs and functionalized glassy carbon microspheres (FGCM) modified electrode (Au−CeO2@MWCNT‐OH/FGCME). The new nanocomposite Au−CeO2@MWCNT‐OH/FGCM produced an electrocatalytic effect towards the electrochemical oxidation of VLB. The electrochemical behavior of the Au−CeO2@MWCNT‐OH/FGCME was also investigated using EIS and CV. The experimental and operation parameters that affect the sensitivity of the sensor were optimized. SWV was utilized for the electrochemical analysis of VLB. The oxidation peak currents were linearly dependent on the concentration of VLB in the range of 7.10×10−8 M to 5.8×10−7 M. The detection limit of VLB was found to be 1.56×10−9 M which was more sensitive than the reported method. The possible coexistence biological matrix had no interference effect on the determination of VLB. The fabricated sensor was also effectively employed to the sensitive detection of VLB in human body fluids. The interaction of VLB with salmon testes and calf thymus double‐stranded DNA (st‐DNA and ct‐DNA) on Au−CeO2@MWCNT‐OH/FGCME has been further studied by cyclic voltammetry. The corresponding binding constant (K), surface concentration (Γ) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) were computed for the free VLB and the bound VLB‐dsDNA complex. The obtained results revealed that VLB binds to DNA with a high binding constant as well as the K value for VLB‐st‐DNA (K=1.81×105 M−1) is higher than that of VLB‐ct‐DNA (K=4.99×104 M−1).
Optimization of dark fermentation for biohydrogen production using a hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) approach
Authors: Wang Yunshan , Yang Gang , Sage Valérie , Xu Jian , Sun Guangzhi , He Jun , Sun Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, the production of biohydrogen by dark fermentation was optimized using a novel hybrid approach that combines ANNs (artificial neural networks) with RSM (response surface methodology). Using the limited numbers of data (15 runs) as training data set together with one cross‐out method for validation, the complete 29 runs of well‐established data matrix were created from ANNs for RSM statistical analysis in order to correlated the critical process parameters with hydrogen production performance. This methodology was found to be robust, cost‐effective, reliable, and can be extensively analyzed the critical operational parameters, that is, carbon sources (obtained from potato peel wastes and starchy wastes), metal cofactor Fe0, pH, and dose levels of microbes on the hydrogen production, along with concentrations of other metabolites, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and ethanol. The established ANNs‐RSM model using Box–Behnken design indicates the significant changes caused by the variations of a few critical operation parameters. The resultant model shows an exceptionally good result in terms of nonlinear noisy processes. Both single and multiple objective optimizations for dark hydrogen fermentation can achieve by using the established hybrid ANN‐RSM system. The optimal operating conditions (starch 6.2 kg/m3, pH 6.7, Fe0 11.7 g/m3, sludge 24.6 g/m3) could lead to the generation of hydrogen with a yield of 106.2 (cm3/g) and metabolites, that is, propionic acid (2.8 kg/m3), butyric acid (2E−2 kg/m3), valeric acid (4E−4 kg/m3) acetic acid (1.9 kg/m3), and ethanol (0.1 kg/m3) simultaneously.
Porous Silicon Fabrication and Surface Cracking Behavior Research Based on Anodic Electrochemical Etching▴
Authors: Yang X. , Xi F. , Chen X. , Li S. , Wan X. , Ma W. , Dong P. , Duan J. , Chang Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPorous silicon (PSi) was fabricated based on anodic electrochemical etching, and the relationship between preparation conditions, nanostructure and PSi surface crack behavior were systematically studied. The effects of silicon wafer resistivity (doping concentration), etching time, and etching current density on nanostructure of PSi were investigated. Results indicated that lower resistivity was beneficial to etching process and led to higher porosity with uniform nano‐channels, and surface crack was more intense during drying process. Thickness and porosity of the porous layer are both initially increased and then decreased with increasing etching time. Direction of capillary stress depended on pore geometry, which further affected crack shape (shrinkage or crimp) of surface layer of PSi. Cracking extent was controlled by porosity, that the surface cracking layer began to peel off when the porosity exceeded 70%. Finally, a geometry and porosity‐controlled model was proposed to describe the cracking behaviors of PSi surface layer.
Strengthening Mechanism Analysis and Evaluation Methods of Multi‐channel Bottom‐blowing Spray Lance Stirring▴
Authors: Li S. , Wang S. , Wang Y. , Chen Q. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe bottom‐blowing enhanced smelting technology has been widely used in a variety of metallurgical processes because of its significant advantages of high melting strength, easy operation and low cost. The bottom‐blowing spray lance is its key equipment. In this paper, the multi‐channel spray lance is used as the research object, the numerical simulation method is used to establish a three‐dimensional mathematical model of the multi‐channel bottom‐blowing spray lance stirring, and the numerical simulation results are verified by the hydrodynamic model experiment. According to the simulation and experimental results, the gas‐liquid mixing uniformity in the stirring process of the straight‐pipe spray lance and the multi‐channel spray lance is evaluated by the four methods of LOG edge detection, image entropy, gas content variance and average turbulent kinetic energy. The results show that the multi‐channel spray lance can strengthen the bottom‐blowing stirring and optimize the melt mixing effect, which has achieved good application results in the production practice.