bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on the differences found between examining whole water vs. phytoplankton net (52 μm mesh) samples to characterize abundance and community composition of tintinnid ciliates (marine microzooplankton)
Authors: Dolan John R. , Marro Sophie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMost tintinnid species have a shortest linear dimension < 50 μm. Hence, a priori, nets of mesh sizes ≥ 50 μm will likely under‐sample most tintinnid species. However, studies often appear (23 since 2015) using sampling with nets of meshes sizes ≥ 50 μm, reporting both tintinnid concentrations, and community composition. How biased are results from using coarse mesh nets? We provide a comparison of whole water vs. net sampling based on fortuitous, that is, unplanned, parallel sampling. Pairs of samples from a standard monitoring station in the Bay of Villefranche (N.W. Mediterranean Sea) taken on 44 dates from 2013 to 2018 were compared. Tintinnids were enumerated in settled material from a water column sample, an integration of six discrete depth samples between 5 and 70 m, prepared for analysis of phytoplankton composition and in material from a plankton net (52 μm mesh) tow from 70 to 0 m, taken the same day. Despite the large confidence limits due to low raw cell counts from whole water samples, cell concentration estimates were about an order of magnitude higher than those from plankton net samples and frequently biomass estimates as well. Community composition also differed. The most common species in whole water samples were small (diameter ≤ 20 μm), and some common forms were absent, or nearly, from the net samples. We show that, while valuable for collecting larger and rarer species, coarse net samples do not yield robust estimations of overall concentrations, nor allow identification of the dominant tintinnid species.
Classification of rotational surfaces in Euclidean space satisfying a linear relation between their principal curvatures
Authors: López Rafael , Pámpano Álvaro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe classify all rotational surfaces in Euclidean space whose principal curvatures κ1 and κ2 satisfy the linear relation , where a and b are two constants. As a consequence of this classification, we find closed (embedded and not embedded) surfaces and periodic (embedded and not embedded) surfaces with a geometric behaviour similar to Delaunay surfaces. Finally, we give a variational characterization of the generating curves of these surfaces.
Stress is Associated with Adiposity in Parents of Young Children
Authors: Hruska Valerie , Ambrose Tory , Darlington Gerarda , Ma David W. L. , Haines Jess , Buchholz Andrea C. ,   on behalf of the Guelph Family Health Study
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThis study investigated associations between stress (general stress, parenting distress, and household chaos) and adiposity among parents of young children.MethodsThe sample consisted of 49 mothers and 61 fathers from 70 families with young children living in Ontario, Canada. Linear regression using generalized estimating equations was used to investigate associations between stress measures and BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR), and percent fat mass.ResultsGeneral stress was significantly associated with BMI ( = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.04‐1.03) and WC ( = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.10‐2.77). Parenting distress was significantly associated with BMI ( = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.02‐0.31), WC ( = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.04‐0.75), and WHtR ( = 0.003; 95% CI: 0.001‐0.005). Household chaos was significantly associated with all adiposity measures (BMI:  = 0.20 [95% CI: 0.08‐0.33]; WC:  = 0.48 [95% CI: 0.21‐0.75]; WHtR:  = 0.003 [95% CI: 0.001‐0.005]; percent fat mass:  = 0.29 [95% CI: 0.08‐0.49]).ConclusionsGeneral stress, parenting distress, and household chaos are associated with adiposity among parents of young children. Future research should elucidate mechanisms by which this occurs and elucidate how this risk may be mitigated.
Liquid‐Phase Quasi‐Epitaxial Growth of Highly Stable, Monolithic UiO‐66‐NH2 MOF thin Films on Solid Substrates
Authors: Hashem Tawheed , Valadez Sánchez Elvia P. , Weidler Peter G. , Gliemann Hartmut , Alkordi Mohamed H. , Wöll Christof 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh quality, monolithic UiO‐66‐NH2 thin films on diverse solid substrates have been prepared via a low temperature liquid phase epitaxy method. The achievement of continuous films with low defect densities and great stability against high temperatures and hot water is proven, clearly outperforming other reported types of MOF thin films.
Double‐blinded, randomized, and controlled study on the effects of canagliflozin after bariatric surgery: A pilot study
Authors: Kashyap Sangeeta R. , Kheniser Karim , Aminian Ali , Schauer Philip , Le Roux Carel , Burguera Bartolome 
Published: February 2020

SummarySettingBariatric surgery is indicated for patients diagnosed with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Many patients achieve type 2 diabetes remission soon after bariatric surgery. Even though most maintain good glycemic control, remission is not maintained in all patients, and as a result, some patients may relapse. Type 2 diabetes relapse is common in patients who regain weight; weight regain is prevalent 1 to 2 years after surgery. Additional pharmacotherapy may be required to aid bariatric surgery in fostering weight loss and reducing blood glucose levels.ObjectivesThe purpose of this clinical trial was to determine the effects of canagliflozin in participants who initially achieved type 2 diabetes remission but subsequently relapsed.MethodsThe double‐blinded, randomized, and prospective study recruited participants (n = 16) roughly 3 years after bariatric surgery. The participants were followed for 6 months.ResultsBody mass index (−1.24 kg/m2) and body weight (−3.7 kg) were significantly reduced with canagliflozin therapy versus placebo. There were improvements in body fat composition as denoted by reductions in android (−3.00%) and truncal (−2.67%) fat. Also, there were differences in blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C at 6 months.ConclusionAfter bariatric surgery, canagliflozin improved weight loss and glycemic outcomes in participants with type 2 diabetes. Canagliflozin also facilitated improvements in body fat composition.
Using data to improve the care of people with diabetes across Oxfordshire
Authors: Rea Rustam D , Lumb Alistair , Tan Garry D , Owen Katharine , Thanabalasingham Gaya , Latif Amar , Swan Paul , Scott James , Jones David , Gillott Emily , Smith Rosemary Honour 
Published: February 2020

AbstractData from GP practices and hospital trusts have long been used to understand the quality of care received by people with diabetes. However, annual data collection is too infrequent to see what difference rapid changes in practice make to diabetes care. We developed a diabetes dashboard modelled on the National Diabetes Audit (NDA), which provided monthly updates on key care components. The data were displayed at both individual GP level as well as at a Locality level (now called primary care network [PCN] level) and clinical commissioning group (CCG) level. Discussion about the dashboard was incorporated into regular GP practice visits by diabetes consultants and community diabetes specialist nurses which occurred twice a year to nearly every GP practice in the CCG. Twice‐yearly Locality meetings also reviewed the data at Locality level and provided a forum for sharing ‘best practice’. Over the last two years significant improvements have been seen, particularly in the achievement of the eight key care processes and the attendance at structured education within one year of diagnosis.The diabetes dashboard has been integral in the improvement of care for people with diabetes in Oxfordshire. It continues to evolve with data now displayed at PCN level and ongoing work to align the dashboard with the NDA coding. The dashboard was most effective when used within the context of supportive clinical engagement.
Sensitivity to fluensulfone of inactivated Meloidogyne spp. second‐stage juveniles
Authors: Oka Yuji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNonfumigant nematicide efficacy is affected by several factors, such as nematode species and environmental conditions. However, the influence of nematodes' physiological status on nematicide efficacy is unknown. Inactive nematodes, such as those in quiescence or dormancy, seem to be more tolerant to nematicides than active ones. Second‐stage juveniles of Meloidogyne species were inactivated by low temperatures and reversible nematicides before and during exposure to fluensulfone. The sensitivity of inactive juveniles to fluensulfone the nematicide was compared to that of active juveniles by EC50 (median effective concentration) for juvenile immobilization and root gall reduction.RESULTSInactivating Meloidogyne hapla and Meloidogyne javanica juveniles at 5 °C increased the EC50 (median effective concentration) of fluensulfone for immobilization of and root galling by Meloidogyne spp. 3.6 to 9.5 times. When the exposure temperature was decreased from 25 to 15 °C, EC50 for M. javanica root gall reduction after 24 and 48 h exposure increased 3.1 and 4.9 times, respectively, whereas for M. hapla, it increased 2.3 and 2.0 times, respectively. Juveniles of M. javanica and M. incognita immobilized by fenamiphos were as sensitive to fluensulfone as active juveniles based on the number of root galls. However, juveniles of these species immobilized by fluopyram were more tolerant to fluensulfone than untreated active juveniles. An interaction of fluopyram and fluensulfone activities is suggested.CONCLUSIONChanges in the sensitivity of inactive Meloidogyne spp. juveniles to fluensulfone depend on the inactivation method. Fluensulfone could be better applied when nematodes are active in the soil. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnetism‐Structures Relationship of 3,5‐Heptanedione Dy(III) SMMs Based on the Nitrogen‐Containing Auxiliary Ligand
Authors: Dong Yanping , Fan Siqi , Li Guangming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo new 3, 5‐heptanedione (β‐diketonate) dysprosium complexes, namely, [Dy(L)3(phen)] (1) and [Dy(L)3(tmphen)] (2), have been designed and isolated by reactions of 3, 5‐heptanedione with dysprosium chloride and auxiliary ligand under room temperature (L=3, 5‐heptanedione, phen=1, 10‐phenanthroline, tmphen=3, 4, 7, 8‐tetramethyl‐1, 10‐phenanthroline). X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals that complexes 1 and 2 are mononuclear, and the Dy(III) ions are eight coordinated forming the square‐anti‐prismatic geometry. Complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by various means including elemental analysis, IR and UV spectroscopy. Magnetic studies indicate that both complexes 1 and 2 are single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) under zero dc field. Notably, the auxiliary ligand plays an essential role in regulating their magnetism, which result in the essential magnetism difference between complexes 1 and 2.
Utilization of 5‐Chloro‐2‐(cyanoacetamido)pyridines in the Synthesis of Biologically Active Heterocyclic Hybrids
Authors: Abdel‐Latif Ehab , Alashhab Rabia E. , El‐Demerdash Amr , Ismail Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA simple synthesis for a series of chloropyridine derivatives incorporating heterocyclic hybrids has been accomplished. The key reaction involving employment of 5‐chloro‐2‐(cyanoacetamido)pyridines 3 in the synthesis of chloropyridinyl‐pyridone, chloropyridinyl‐pyrazole, chloropyridinyl‐thiazole and chloropyridinyl‐thiophene hybrids. The newly synthesized heterocycles were evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial strains. 3‐Amino‐N‐(3,5‐dichloropyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide (12 b) was found to be the most potent compound against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus exhibiting inhibition percent of 92.3 % and 100 %, respectively, when compared to the standard drug ampicillin. Moreover, compound 12 b displayed the most significant antioxidant activity with percent inhibition 87.8 % which is close to the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid.
Middle Permian fusulines from the Thitsipin Formation of Shan State, Myanmar and their palaeobiogeographical and palaeogeographical implications
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Chun , Aung Kyi Pyar , Shen Shu‐Zhong , Zhang Hua , Zaw Than , Ding Lin , Cai Fu‐long , Sein Kyaing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFusuline faunas including 29 species belonging to 19 genera/subgenera are described from the Thitsipin Formation in eight sections/localities on the Shan Plateau in eastern Myanmar. These fusulines broadly indicate a Midian (middle Permian, Guadalupian) age. The lower diversity and the presence of some genera, such as Monodiexodina and Eopolydiexodina, suggest that the Sibumasu Block belonged to the palaeobiogeographic Cimmerian Province during the Midian. Furthermore, quantitative cluster analysis of middle Permian fusulines from the Shan Plateau and adjacent Cimmerian blocks suggests close faunal affinities between the Sibumasu Block and the Baoshan Block in western Yunnan. More importantly, the widespread occurrence of fusulines Eopolydiexodina afghanensis and Jinzhangia shengi on the Shan Plateau is similar to that of contemporaneous fusuline faunas from the Baoshan Block and the South Qiangtang Block but different to that of the Tengchong and Lhasa Blocks, which are dominated by the characteristic Nankinella–Chusenella assemblage. This faunal discrepancy provides strong evidence that the Bangong–Nujiang suture passes through the Gaoligong Orogen in western Yunnan rather than through the Myitkyina ophiolites in northern Myanmar. Additionally, palaeobiogeographical analysis of these fusuline faunas from the Lhasa, Tengchong, South Qiangtang, Baoshan and Sibumasu Blocks implies that the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean might have been present before the Midian.
Spectrum of the reflection operators in different integrable structures
Authors: Kotousov Gleb A. , Lukyanov Sergei L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The reflection operators are the simplest examples of the non-local integrals of motion, which appear in many interesting problems in integrable CFT. For the so- called Fateev, quantum AKNS, paperclip and KdV integrable structures, they are built from the (chiral) reflection S-matrices for the Liouville and cigar CFTs. Here we give the full spectrum of the reflection operators associated with these integrable structures. We also obtained a relation between the reflection S-matrices of the cigar and Liouville CFTs. The results of this work are applicable for the description of the scaling behaviour of the Bethe states in exactly solvable lattice systems and may be of interest to the study of the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble associated with the above mentioned integrable structures.
Association of cancer progression with elevated expression of programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 by upper tract urothelial carcinoma and increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density
Authors: Nukui Akinori , Kamai Takao , Arai Kyoko , Kijima Toshiki , Kobayashi Minoru , Narimatsu Takahiro , Kambara Tsunehito , Yuki Hideo , Betsunoh Hironori , Abe Hideyuki , Fukabori Yoshitatsu , Yashi Masahiro , Yoshida Ken-Ichiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Increased expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) by tumor cells is thought to be a mechanism through which solid cancers promote immune tolerance. However, the association between PD-L1 expression and the prognosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remains unknown.

Methods
We examined immunohistochemical PD-L1 expression and the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density (TILD) in 79 patients with UTUC who underwent nephroureterectomy. We classified the tumors into four types based on the combination of PD-L1 expression and TILD, and studied the clinicopathological characteristics of these four tumor types.

Results
Elevated expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells and a higher TILD were associated with a worse histological grade, higher pT stage, and higher peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Elevated expression of PD-L1 by tumor cells, a higher TILD, and type I, III, or IV tumors with elevated expression of either PD-L1 or TILD showed a positive correlation with poorer differentiation and local invasion. These three variables were associated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival in univariate analysis, but only the latter was an independent determinant according to multivariate analysis. The patients who had type II tumors with lower PD-L1 expression and a lower TILD showed more favorable survival than the other three groups.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that PD-L1 expression and TILs in the tumor microenvironment influence the progression of UTUC. Accordingly, it is important to understand the immunologic characteristics of the tumor microenvironment to develop more effective treatment strategies for this cancer.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach for the Treatment of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: Long‐Term Outcomes
Authors: Cienfuegos Javier A. , Hurtado‐Pardo Luis , Valentí Víctor , Landecho Manuel F. , Vivas Isabel , Estévez Mateo G. , Diez‐Caballero Alberto , Hernández‐Lizoáin José Luis , Rotellar Fernando 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLatero‐lateral duodenojejunostomy is the treatment of choice for superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS). The present study analyzes the long‐term outcomes in 13 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for SMAS.
Materials and methodsA retrospective study of 10 females and three males undergoing surgery between 2001 and 2013 was performed. Demographic, clinical and radiologic data and long‐term surgical outcomes were recorded. In 12 patients latero‐lateral duodenojejunostomy and in one patient distal laparoscopic gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction were performed. The median age was 24 years (20–28), and the median duration of symptoms was 24 months (5–24). The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain (n = 11; 92.3%), nausea and vomiting (n = 10; 77%) and weight loss (n = 9; 69.2%). The median operating time was 98 min (86–138) and hospital stay was 3 days (1–14).ResultsNo reconversions occurred, and one patient experienced gastric emptying delay in the immediate postoperative period with spontaneous resolution. In four patients, SMAS was associated with severe stenosis of the celiac trunk which was treated in the same operation, and four patients presented stenosis of the left renal vein (the “nutcracker” phenomenon). With a median follow‐up of 94 months (SD 65.3), eight patients (61.5%) had excellent results. One patient had a relapse of symptoms 4 years after surgery requiring distal gastrectomy, two patients presented delay in gastric emptying following temporary improvement and one patient experienced no improvement.ConclusionsLatero‐lateral duodenojejunostomy yields good results in SMAS although it requires other gastric motility disorders to be ruled out for appropriate treatment to be established.
Analysis of the wall shear stress in a generic aneurysm under pulsating and transitional flow conditions
Authors: Bauer Andreas , Bopp Maximilian , Jakirlic Suad , Tropea Cameron , Krafft Axel Joachim , Shokina Nina , Hennig Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this study, the flow through a generic abdominal aneurysm under realistic pulsating flow conditions is examined with magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV), laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The influence of flow phenomena on the wall shear stress (WSS) is examined. It is seen that a strong vortex ring develops during systole at the proximal end of the aneurysm and subsequently travels downstream and decays. The vortex formation plays a major role in the temporal and spatial distribution of the WSS, which is analyzed in detail. A peak of the WSS is observed for a very limited time and in a very localized region where the vortex ring initially develops. The intrinsic temporal averaging during the acquisition of the MRV data is found to significantly decrease this peak. CFD and LDV results, which are averaged in the same manner, show a similar behavior. This indicates that besides the spatial resolution, the temporal resolution is a crucial factor, which needs to be considered especially in flows where vortex rings are observed. Results from LDV and CFD show excellent agreement for the velocity field obtained by MRV. While the flow is found to be laminar in the undilated diameter, results show laminar–turbulent transitional behavior for specific phases of the cycle within the aneurysm bulk. Although MRV is not capable of measuring instantaneous velocity fluctuations, we show that the periodic increase in turbulence intensity can be observed from image artifacts in the MRV data. These artifacts increase the velocity uncertainty, which correlates well with the velocity fluctuations measured with LDV. Although the flow encounters laminar and transitional conditions as well as multiple vortices and stagnation and reattachment points, the improved instability-sensitive Reynolds stress model, which is used for the numerical simulations of this work, shows very good agreement with the measurements. Significant effort has been expended by numerous research groups in recent years in improving the estimation of WSS from MRV data. However, an assessment of these various post-processing methods is only possible if the true values of the WSS are known. The present study is therefore aimed at providing such ground truth WSS values as well as the corresponding MRV data, allowing also other research groups to validate their WSS estimation methods using the experimental data set presented in this work.

Graphic Abstract
Multidisciplinary team management for prevention of pneumonia and long-term weight loss after esophagectomy: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Kawata Sanshiro , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Shirai Yuka , Watanabe Kouji , Nagafusa Tetsuyuki , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Kamiya Kinji , Takeuchi Hiroya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
In April 2017, we launched the multidisciplinary Hamamatsu Perioperative Care Team (HOPE) for all surgical patients. We developed a reinforced intervention strategy, particularly for esophagectomy. We herein report the outcomes of the HOPE at 2 years after commencement.

Methods
A total 125 patients underwent esophagectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction for esophageal or esophagogastric junction cancer between January 2014 and December 2018 at the Department of Surgery in Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. The patients were divided into the pre-HOPE group including 62 patients who underwent esophagectomy before the introduction of the HOPE and the HOPE group including 63 patients who underwent esophagectomy after the introduction of the HOPE. The outcomes of surgery were compared between the two groups.

Results
There were no significant differences in the clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups. The incidence rates of atrial fibrillation and pneumonia were significantly lower in the HOPE group than in the pre-HOPE group (6% vs. 19%, p = 0.027 and 14% vs. 29%, p = 0.037, respectively). The estimated calorie doses at the time of discharge were approximately 750 and 1500 kcal/day in the pre-HOPE group and the HOPE group, respectively. The body weight loss was significantly less in the HOPE group than the pre-HOPE group at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively than that before the surgery (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The introduction of the multidisciplinary HOPE was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative pneumonia and significantly less weight loss.