bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
СТАН ЕЛЕКТРОЛІТНОГО БАЛАНСУ КРОВІ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ХРОНІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ НИРОК VD СТАДІЇ, ЯКІ ЛІКУЮТЬСЯ ПРОГРАМНИМ ГЕМОДІАЛІЗОМ
Authors: Orynchak M. A. , Erstenyuk G. M. , Skrpynyk N. V. , Haman I. O. 
Published: December 2020

Прогресування хронічної хвороби нирок (ХХН) характеризується порушенням метаболізму електролітів крові в двох формах – гіперелектролітемії або гіпоелектролітемії.
Мета – оцінити стан балансу біоструктурних та біоелектролітичних елементів крові Р, Сa, К, Na, Mg, Cl у взаємозв’язку із функцією паращитоподібних залоз у хворих на ХХН VD стадії, які лікуються програмним гемодіалізом.
Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 30 хворих на ХХН VD стадії. Стан електролітного балансу оцінювали за показниками K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl та біоструктурного елемента Р у взаємозв’язку з рівнем інтактного паратгормону.
Результати. В обстежених хворих виявлено ознаки вторинного гіперпаратиреоїдиту різного ступеня тяжкості, дисбаланс електролітів K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl та біоструктурного елемента Р у крові. Особливе клінічне значення має тенденція до формування гіперкальціємії на тлі гіпомагніємії – предикторів серцево-судинних подій.
Висновок. Для понад 80 % хворих на хронічну хворобу нирок VD стадії, які лікуються програмним гемодіалізом, характерним є розвиток дисбалансу електролітів K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl та біоструктурного елемента Р. Тяжкість порушень їх балансу асоціюється із розвитком вторинного гіперпаратиреоїдиту.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПОРУШЕНЬ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ЕНЗИМНОЇ ЛАНКИ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ В ЛЕГЕНЯХ ЩУРІВ ПІСЛЯ ГОСТРОЇ КРОВОВТРАТИ, УСКЛАДНЕНОЇ ІШЕМІЄЮ-РЕПЕРФУЗІЄЮ КІНЦІВКИ
Authors: Stakhiv О. V. , Hudyma A. A. 
Published: December 2020

Одним із ключових патогенних механізмів масивної зовнішньої крововтрати з кінцівок є активація процесів ліпідної пероксидації, зумовлена, з одного боку, розвитком гіпоксії, з іншого – виснаженням антиоксидантного захисту. Застосування за цих умов кровоспинного джгута супроводжується ішемічно-реперфузійним пошкодженням кінцівки, що ускладнює перебіг гострої крововтрати. На сьогодні недостатньо даних про особливості порушень антиоксидантного захисту в легенях, які належать до ключових органів-мішеней гострої крововтрати та ішемічно-реперфузійного синдрому.
Мета – зʼясувати особливості порушень показників ензимної ланки антиоксидантної системи в легенях щурів після гострої крововтрати, ускладненої ішемією-реперфузією кінцівки.
Матеріал і методи. Дослідження проведено на 156 білих нелінійних щурах-самцях масою 200–220 г. Усі експерименти виконані під тіопентал-натрієвим наркозом. У тварин моделювали ішемію-реперфузію кінцівки, гостру крововтрату та поєднували ці ушкодження. Через 1 і 2 години, а також через 1, 7 і 14 діб у гомогенатах легень піддослідних тварин визначали активність супероксиддисмутази і каталази.
Результати. За умов моделювання лише ішемії-реперфузії кінцівки активність СОД та каталази у гомогенаті легень зростала з максимумом через 2 год експерименту та нормалізацією показників до 14 доби. За умов гострої крововтрати показники зростали у всі терміни спостереження з максимумом через 1 добу експерименту. Додаткова ішемія-реперфузія кінцівки на тлі гострої крововтрати у легенях сприяє виснаженню СОД і каталази, активність яких через 1, 7 і 14 діб стає істотно меншою, порівняно з тваринами дослідної групи, в якій моделювали лише крововтрату.
Висновки. Ускладнення гострої крововтрати ішемією-реперфузією кінцівки сприяє більшому виснаженню в легенях ферментативної ланки антиоксидантного захисту через 1, 7 і 14 діб експерименту, що виявляють за істотним зниженням активності СОД і каталази в легенях порівняно з тваринами, яким моделювали лише гостру крововтрату.
Prevention of dental caries in children by 3 years of age
Authors: Godovanets O. I. , Hrynkevych L. G. 
Published: December 2020

Summary. Dental caries is one of the most common dental diseases among children. High rates of dental caries occur even in early childhood, which determines the relevance of the development of prevention programs and evaluation of their effectiveness in dental offices.
The aim of the study – to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive prevention of early childhood dental caries among children living in Bukovyna region.
Materials and Methods. We examined 80 children aged 2–3 years and formed 2 observation groups: main and comparison (42 and 38 children, respectively). Clinical effectiveness of dental caries prevention was determined using the prevalence, intensity of dental caries (dmft), simplified index of oral hygiene (OHI-S). The content of phosphate ions, alkaline phosphatase, total and ionized calcium in the oral fluid was determined by a unified method using reagents from “Philisit-Diagnostics” (Ukraine). Oral hygiene tools were selected for children in both groups and they were trained in oral hygiene. Vitamin-mineral drug "Supervit" and probiotic pills "BioGaia ProDentis" were orally prescribed for 20 days for the prevention of early childhood dental caries among children of the main group. The course of prevention was repeated 2 times a year. The degree of probability of the obtained results was statistically assessed.
Results and Discussion. The obtained data after the first course of prevention reflected the positive dynamics of changes in laboratory parameters. In particular, the increase in calcium content, mainly due to its free fraction, and phosphate ions, normalization of alkaline phosphatase activity and increase the pH in the oral fluid.
Conclusions. We found a significant improvement in the state of the mineralizing potential of oral fluid among children, which confirms the effectiveness of the prevention complex.
Schopenhauer’s Interpretation of the Platonic Ideas
Authors: Costanzo Jason 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A contentious feature in the thought of Arthur Schopenhauer is his account of the Platonic Ideas. This is no doubt evidenced by the scholarly literature where various difficulties have been identified in regards to this introduction, and often varying positions maintained. Within this essay, I offer a survey of the major debates surrounding this issue. Following this, I turn to a specific question related to Schopenhauer’s claim that his own account of the Platonic Ideas is authentic to the original views of Plato himself. I show that, excepting minor points of similarity, Schopenhauer’s account is quite inauthentic to that of Plato. Still more, drawing upon his distinction between abstract and intuitive knowledge, I offer an interpretation of the relationship between Genius and contemplation employing the concept of a “circle of signification”. Finally, I identify some difficulties in relation to Schopenhauer’s views.
The Particle la- in Classical Arabic
Authors: Weigelt Frank 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The asseverative particle la- appears in numerous constructions in Classical Arabic. Although it is not overly frequent, it is important to be familiar with its functions, in order to interpret it properly when it appears. Several previous studies treat partial aspects of it, but a comprehensive and practical overview is still lacking. The present article aims to fill this gap. It provides a description of all functions of la- that can be found in early Classical Arabic texts.
The first part of the article gives a general description of the use and distribution of the particle la- as well as etymological remarks and an overview of previous research. In the second part, the usage of the particle is presented according to its various syntactic environments: (1) in independent clauses, (2) before the comment of a clause introduced by inna, (3) before the apodosis of a conditional structure, (4) in combination with in al-muḫaffafa. For the sake of completeness also the oath formula la-amr- ‘by the life of …’ is included (5), although here la- is probably not related to the asseverative particle. A brief summary concludes the article.
Les rapports logico-sémantiques marqués par fāʾ en arabe
Authors: Sartori Manuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
When confronted with hypothetical systems in Arabic, one inevitably meets, at one time or another, a fāʾ between the protasis (p) and the apodosis (q). We do not fail to note, however, that its presence does not seem to indicate identical relationships between p and q. According to Larcher, for whom fāʾ has a unique role, that of a segmentator, this particle is the mark of a double break, formal and semantic: as soon as fa- is present there is no logical relation of implication between p and q, the logical relation possibly being of another nature. Within the framework of the global vision that he offers, Larcher then recognizes this particle with several semantic values (deductive, enunciative, justificative, oppositive). This article attempts to answer the question of whether the Arabic grammar recognizes also several semantic values attached to the segmentator fāʾ. Through the prism of this study of the history of Arabic grammar, it will be shown that at least two values are recognized in fāʾ: one, called fāʾ al-sababiyya, is easily recognized by the Arabic grammatical tradition and marks the relationship of logical implication where p induces q; the other, known as fāʾ al-taʿlīl, marks on the contrary something else and in particular, but not only, that it is in fact q which is the cause of p. However, this value and its denomination of fāʾ al-taʿlīl, besides being ignored by the Arabists, is largely also by the Arab grammarians themselves: it is in fact only recognized in a more or less explicit manner among certain medieval grammarians, and is only specifically named as such very recently with Ġalāyīnī (d. 1364/1944). It rather seems that this value is in fact derived from the foundations of law (ʾuṣūl al-fiqh) in the 5th/11th century, and that its denomination dates at least from the 8th/14th century in the same field. All of this is later found in another of the sciences related to Arabic grammar, namely that of exegesis (tafsīr), at least in the 12th/17th century. This then shows all the interest in pursuing transdisciplinary works for the case of Arabic grammar.
Language Practice and Language Description among Arabic Grammarians from Sībawayhi to al-Šidyāq: the Case of Agreement
Authors: D’Anna Luca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Agreement in Arabic has received, in the last few decades, considerable interest, resulting in a satisfactory illustration of the system obtaining in pre-Classical varieties of the language, Classical / Modern Standard Arabic and the spoken dialects. On the other hand, the descriptions of agreement in traditional Arabic grammars have not yet been the object of detailed analysis. The present paper represents a first step in that direction, analyzing agreement in two grammarians situated at the chronological extremes of traditional Arabic grammar, i.e. Sībawayhi (d. 180/796) and al-Šidyāq (1805-1887). The approach adopted in this paper is twofold. The grammatical treatises in which the descriptions of agreement are provided, in fact, are considered as both a source of metalinguistic reflection and as a written text from which samples of agreement are collected, in order to gauge the consistency between language description and language usage at the dawn and sunset of traditional Arabic grammar.
Esistono verbi sintagmatici in arabo standard?
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Neama Abdelaty 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to show that verb-particle constructions exist in standard Arabic. The first part deals with verb-particle constructions in Italian, that are verbal constructions formed by a verbal base and a locative particle (e.g. venire giù’, lit. “come down”, “to come down, to descend”; “portare via” lit. “take away”, “to take away”; “mettere sotto” lit. “put under”, “to put (something) under, to run over”). In the second part, we have analyzed the semantic properties of Arabic post-verbal particles. We conducted the study in the newspaper al-Ahrām between 2006 and 2012. We collected fortyseven verb-particle constructions in which the incidence of the particle on the lexical semantics of the verb was found to confirm the existence of verb-particle constructions in standard Arabic.
Favole allegoriche dal Manoscritto Vaticano Arabo 594
Authors: Kallas Elie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Scrolling through Elenco dei manoscritti arabi islamici della Biblioteca vaticana (The List of Islamic Arabic manuscripts in the Vatican Library) by Giorgio Levi Della Vida (1935, p. 65), I was intrigued by manuscript Vat. Ar. 594, entitled Riwāyāt ḍiḥkiyya (Humorous Tales), dating back to the 17th century. After examining its content, I was attracted to: a) its predominant use of Egyptian; b) its avant-garde intent to teach (what’s more, in Italy), the vernacular rather than classic or standard Arabic for communication purposes; c) I was amused by the ironic, moral and satirical nature of the text and its dialogue reworkings; d) I was struck by the originality of the description of its protagonists that unfold and end with sui generis moral advice.
For these reasons, I decided to study his fables (143r-187v), setting myself three main objectives: to illustrate a) the representations of the protagonists; b) some characteristic linguistic elements of 17th century Egyptian; c) Italian-inspired avant-garde use of colloquial neo-Arabic for language teaching purposes, found in the works written in Rome at San Pietro in Montorio school.
Breastfeeding but not Exclusively: Exploration of Chinese American Mothers’ Infant Feeding Practices
Authors: Goldbort Joanne , Bresnahan Mary , Zhuang Jie , Bogdan-Lovis Elizabeth , Park Sunyoung 
Published: December 2020

Background Previous qualitative researchers have shown that Chinese American mothers experienced high rates of suboptimal breastfeeding, especially early introduction of other foods before the recommended 6-month period of exclusive breastfeeding. Research aims (1) To explore attitudes that Chinese American mothers have about the meaning and practice of exclusive breastfeeding; (2) to evaluate the extent of family pressure and support to maintain exclusive breastfeeding; and (3) to examine the influence of breastfeeding self-efficacy and the intention to continue exclusive breastfeeding. Method Guided by the theory of planned behavior, this descriptive cross-sectional prospective online survey was conducted with Chinese American breastfeeding mothers ( N = 401). Participants’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control for exclusive breastfeeding behaviors were measured. Results The M ( SD) age of participants was 29.14 ( SD = 6.90). Just over 50% reported receiving family support for exclusive breastfeeding. While participants had positive attitudes about exclusive breastfeeding and the value of colostrum, 64% ( n = 257) had already introduced foods other than mother’s own milk before their infant was 6-months old. Participants also expressed concern that their infants did not receive enough nutrition from exclusive mother’s milk. Participants with more than one child had significantly greater intention to continue exclusive breastfeeding compared to participants with only one child. Perception of approval by others for exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy were significantly related to behavioral intention to continue exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion Suboptimal infant feeding is a problem for Chinese American women and may also be a problem for mothers in other ethnic groups. We found a lack of adherence with standard recommendations for sustaining 6-months of exclusive breastfeeding.
Influences of Repair Site Tension and Conduit Splinting on Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction
Authors: Brogan David M. , Dy Christopher J. , Rioux-Forker Dana , Wever Jason , Leversedge Fraser J. 
Published: December 2020

Background We investigated the use of a conduit splinting technique to mitigate tension at the coaptation site of a rodent nerve defect model to determine the optimal reconstruction method for segmental nerve defects. Methods A rat sciatic nerve segmental defect model was created by excising 5mm of the sciatic nerve unilaterally. Four groups of 10 rats were each reconstructed using 1 of 4 techniques: primary repair, repair with conduit splinting, reverse isograft with conduit splinting, and reverse isograft without splinting. Functional outcomes were assessed at 6 weeks by measurement of Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), and sciatic nerves were harvested at the nonsurvival surgery. Histomorphologic measurements were reported as a value normalized to the average measurements of the control side. The primary outcomes were assessment of nerve continuity and the proportion of nerve fibers in the regenerating nerve compared with the uninjured side. Results The number of repair site rupture rates was lower when a conduit splint was used—less than half of the primary repairs under tension remained intact at 6 weeks. No difference was seen in axon number, size, and density between primary repairs and those augmented by conduit splints, but worse functional outcomes and more debris were present compared with the intact primary repairs. Conclusions Nerve conduit splinting reduced rupture rates, particularly for nerve repairs associated with a segmental defect. No significant difference was seen in the number of axons among techniques. Primary nerve repair under tension that did not rupture demonstrated superior SFI.
Nintedanib targets KIT D816V neoplastic cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Toledo Marcelo A. S. , Gatz Malrun , Sontag Stephanie , Gleixner Karoline V. , Eisenwort Gregor , Feldberg Kristina , Hamouda Ahmed E. I. , Kluge Frederick , Guareschi Riccardo , Rossetti Giulia , Sechi Antonio S. , Dufva Olli M. J. , Mustjoki Satu M. , Maurer Angela , Schüler Herdit M. , Goetzke Roman , Braunschweig Till , Kaiser Anne , Panse Jens , Jawhar Mohamad , Reiter Andreas , Hilberg Frank , Ettmayer Peter , Wagner Wolfgang , Koschmieder Steffen , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Valent Peter , Chatain Nicolas , Zenke Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The KIT D816V mutation is found in &gt;80% of patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) and is key to neoplastic mast cell (MC) expansion and accumulation in affected organs. Therefore, KIT D816V represents a prime therapeutic target for SM. Here, we generated a panel of patient-specific KIT D816V induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with aggressive SM and mast cell leukemia to develop a patient-specific SM disease model for mechanistic and drug-discovery studies. KIT D816V iPSCs differentiated into neoplastic hematopoietic progenitor cells and MCs with patient-specific phenotypic features, thereby reflecting the heterogeneity of the disease. CRISPR/Cas9n-engineered KIT D816V human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), when differentiated into hematopoietic cells, recapitulated the phenotype observed for KIT D816V iPSC hematopoiesis. KIT D816V causes constitutive activation of the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor, and we exploited our iPSCs and ESCs to investigate new tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting KIT D816V. Our study identified nintedanib, a US Food and Drug Administration–approved angiokinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and fibroblast growth factor receptor, as a novel KIT D816V inhibitor. Nintedanib selectively reduced the viability of iPSC-derived KIT D816V hematopoietic progenitor cells and MCs in the nanomolar range. Nintedanib was also active on primary samples of KIT D816V SM patients. Molecular docking studies show that nintedanib binds to the adenosine triphosphate binding pocket of inactive KIT D816V. Our results suggest nintedanib as a new drug candidate for KIT D816V–targeted therapy of advanced SM.
Application of high-flow nasal cannula in hypoxemic patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Ming , Zhou Qiang , Zheng Ruiqiang , Li Xuyan , Ling Jianmin , Chen Yumei , Jia Jing , Xie Cuihong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt had been shown that High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an effective initial support strategy for patients with acute respiratory failure. However, the efficacy of HFNC for patients with COVID-19 has not been established. This study was performed to assess the efficacy of HFNC for patients with COVID-19 and describe early predictors of HFNC treatment success in order to develop a prediction tool that accurately identifies the need for upgrade respiratory support therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with COVID-19 treated by HFNC in respiratory wards of 2 hospitals in Wuhan between 1 January and 1 March 2020. Overall clinical outcomes, the success rate of HFNC strategy and related respiratory variables were evaluated.ResultsA total of 105 patients were analyzed. Of these, 65 patients (61.9%) showed improved oxygenation and were successfully withdrawn from HFNC. The PaO2/FiO2ratio, SpO2/FiO2ratio and ROX index (SpO2/FiO2*RR) at 6h, 12h and 24h of HFNC initiation were closely related to the prognosis. The ROX index after 6h of HFNC initiation (AUROC, 0.798) had good predictive capacity for outcomes of HFNC. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, young age, gender of female, and lower SOFA score all have predictive value, while a ROX index greater than 5.55 at 6 h after initiation was significantly associated with HFNC success (OR, 17.821; 95% CI, 3.741-84.903p<0.001).ConclusionsOur study indicated that HFNC was an effective way of respiratory support in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The ROX index after 6h after initiating HFNC had good predictive capacity for HFNC outcomes.
Selective Hydrogenation of C=C bond in Cinnamaldehyde on Pd Step Sites of Pd/Al2O3
Authors: Murata Kazumasa , Shiotani Takumi , Ohyama Junya , Satsuma Atsushi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We found a positive correlation between C=C selective hydrogenation activity of cinnamaldehyde (CAL) and the fraction of the Pd step site on Pd nanoparticles. Owing to a high fraction of step sites, Pd/θ-Al2O3 catalysts with Pd particle size of 5–10 nm were highly active for the C=C selective hydrogenation of CAL.