bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic syndrome in androgenetic alopecia patients; Is serum regulated on activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted the missing link?
Authors: Mustafa Amany Ibraim , Abel Halim Walid Abd Ellatif , Eman Fawzy , Doaa El‐Habbak 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss affecting both men and women. There are many conflicting results about the relationship between AGA and metabolic syndrome, (MetS) and the pathogenesis of the metabolic disorders in AGA patients is not completely elucidated.AimsEvaluation of the prevalence of MetS and the possible role of RANTES in pathogenesis of the MS among AGA patients.MethodsA total of 160 subjects were enrolled in this work; included 100 patients clinically diagnosed with AGA and 60 apparently healthy control subjects. They were evaluated for MS components according to National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) adult treatment panel 3 (ATP3) and measurement of serum RANTES level using ELISA kits.ResultsMetabolic syndrome was present in 30.0% of AGA patients and in 10.0% of the control group (P = .038), Studied AGA patients showed significantly higher serum RANTES when compared to control group (P value < .001). Moreover, serum RANTES levels were significantly positively correlated with BMI, FBG, TC, and LDL‐c levels in AGA patients with MetS.ConclusionMetabolic syndrome components were prevalent among AGA patients. Serum RANTES level was significantly higher in all AGA patients and specifically in those with MS as it was significantly positively correlated with some MetS components which reflects its possible role in pathogenesis of MetS in AGA patients.
Lipidomics reveals the role of glycoceramide and phosphatidylethanolamine in infantile acne
Authors: Yang Manli , Zhou Mingyue , Wang Hecong , Yang Ming , Gao Ying , Jia Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfantile acne refers to a skin disease that usually occurs on the face from 6 weeks to 1 year old, and the etiology of infantile acne is different from that of puberty acne. The change of skin surface lipid (SSL) is an important factor in the occurrence of acne.ObjectivesComparison of facial skin lipid changes in healthy and acne‐prone infants, screening for possible groupings of substances, to explore factors associated with the development of acne in infants, such as gender and frequency of face washing.MethodsA questionnaire was used to obtain information about the infant, facial lipids were affixed with adhesive tape, and the samples were analyzed using Ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS), with subsequent data analyzed by single‐factor and multifactor analysis.ResultsIt was observed that some lipids followed the trend of lipid master classes, subclasses and were significantly different. Galactosylceramides, glycosylceramides and phosphatidylethanolamine were screened as the majority of differentiating lipid species. Additionally, it was emphasized that the frequency of face washing and parent's acne was independent with the severity of acne in infant by clinical characteristics, whereas the skin type and gender can affect the severity of acne statistically.ConclusionsFacial lipids change significantly between infantile acne and healthy infants, suggesting that qualitative and quantitative changes in lipids are strongly associated with the development of acne and may exacerbate the environment in which acne occurs.
The Effects of Various Polishing Procedures on Surface Topography of CAD/CAM Resin Restoratives
Authors: Kara Dilan , Tekçe Neslihan , Fidan Sinan , Demirci Mustafa , Tuncer Safa , Balcı Sibel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effects of different polishing procedures on surface properties of CAD/CAM resin blocks.Materials and MethodsIn this study, three different CAD/CAM restorative materials (Cerasmart, Lava Ultimate and Shofu Block HC) were used. CAD/CAM blocks were cut in 3‐mm‐thick slabs and divided into 5 groups. Group‐1: Glaze; Group‐2: Two‐step Diamond Polisher; Group‐3: One‐step Diamond Polisher; Group‐4: Three‐step Diamond Polisher; Group‐5: Polishing Discs+Diamond Paste. After polishing, top surfaces of the samples were prepared to screen by noncontact laser profilometer (Nanovea) for measurements. Data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsThe arithmetical mean deviation of the profile was defined as Ra. The extension of Ra (a line's arithmetical mean height) to a surface was defined as Sa. Compared to the arithmetical mean of the surface, Sa expresses the difference in terms of each point's height as an absolute value. Sa was commonly used to assess surface roughness. The highest surface roughness (Ra) values in this study were 0.313 ± 0.05 for Cerasmart, 0.433 ± 0.10 for Lava Ultimate and 0.320 ± 0.05 for Shofu Block HC. The specimens in Group‐4 displayed higher Ra values than other groups for each CAD/CAM material. According to surface topography (Sa) values, highest values were 2.936 ± 1.25 for Cerasmart, 2.633 ± 1.28 for Lava Ultimate and 3.489 ± 0.57 for Shofu Block HC. For Cerasmart, LAVA Ultimate and Shofu blocks, Group‐1 exhibited significantly higher Sa values than other groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionOptiglaze Color, Sof‐Lex Diamond and Identoflex Diamond Ceramic Polisher create smooth CAD/CAM resin surfaces. However, surface roughness values of Cosmedent Nano/Microhybrid Diamond and Diapolisher Paste applied specimens were high. According to Sa values, highest roughness values belong to Optiglaze Color.
Self‐control in daily life: Prevalence and effectiveness of diverse self‐control strategies
Authors: Milyavskaya Marina , Saunders Blair , Inzlicht Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveWhat strategies do people use to resist desires in their day‐to‐day life? How effective are these strategies? Do people use different strategies for different desires? This study addresses these questions using experience sampling to examine strategy use in daily life.MethodParticipants (N = 197, Mage = 20.4, 63% female) reported on their use of six specific strategies (situation modification, distraction, reminding self of goals, promise to give in later, reminder of why it is bad, willpower) to resist desires (4,462 desires reported over a week).ResultsParticipants reported using at least one strategy 89% of the time, and more than one strategy 25% of the time. Goal reminders and promises to give in later were more likely to be used for stronger desires. People also preferred different strategies for different types of desires (e.g., eating vs. leisure vs. work, etc.).ConclusionIn contrast to recent theoretical predictions, we find that many strategies, including inhibition, are similarly effective and that using multiple strategies is especially effective.
How do we get people into contact? Predictors of intergroup contact and drivers of contact seeking
Authors: Kauff Mathias , Beneda Marta , Paolini Stefania , Bilewicz Michał , Kotzur Patrick , O'Donnell Alexander W. , Stevenson Clifford , Wagner Ulrich , Christ Oliver 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCompared to the impressive amount of research on consequences of intergroup contact, relatively little work has been devoted to predictors of intergroup contact. Although opportunities for intergroup contact are constantly growing in modern diverse societies, these contact opportunities are not necessarily exploited. In the present review article, we describe current research on predictors of intergroup contact and drivers of contact seeking on a micro‐, meso‐, and macro‐level. We provide an overview of predictors, while focusing on recent research that is especially relevant for designing interventions and planning social policies aiming at increasing contact between different groups in varied societies. On the micro‐level, we discuss relational self‐expansion motives and confidence in contact as predictors of intergroup contact. On the meso‐level, we focus on the role of intragroup processes and historical intergroup conflicts in facilitating contact. On the macro‐level, we reflect on changing societal norms as a potential tool to increase the frequency intergroup contact. By focusing on the applied value of research findings, discussing diverse predictors, and applying a multilevel approach, we also address recent criticisms of the intergroup contact literature and demonstrate the generative nature of contemporary research in this area.
Sleep‐disrupting effects of nocturnal nursing interventions in intensive care unit patients: A systematic review
Authors: Locihová Hana , Axmann Karel , Žiaková Katarína 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatients staying in the intensive care unit (ICU) require constant monitoring and numerous nursing interventions performed as needed, irrespective of daytime or night‐time. The disturbing effect of nocturnal nursing interventions and their contribution to sleep disruptions are unclear. The review analysed nocturnal nursing interventions, and their character, frequency and effects on sleep quality. The databases CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus were searched to identify and subsequently evaluate 19 studies (1,531 patients) meeting the algorithm used. Although nocturnal nursing interventions provided to ICU patients were frequent and varied, they were responsible for only a minority of observed sleep disruptions. The most frequent nocturnal intervention was Vital signs monitoring (Nursing Interventions Classification, 6,680). Implementation of sleep protocols, of which an integral part is clustering and planning of nocturnal interventions, appears to be effective. The review suggests that nursing interventions are not the main cause of sleep disruptions in the ICU. In an effort to improve the quality of sleep in ICU patients, other factors causing disturbance need to be addressed as well. The current trend is more careful planning of nursing care, clustering of interventions and minimizing nocturnal disruptions to allow patients at least one uninterrupted sleep cycle (90 min).
HIV influences clustering and intracellular replication of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Goyal Ashish , Perelson Alan S. , Kandathil Abraham J. , Quinn Jeffrey , Balagopal Ashwin , Ribeiro Ruy M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHCV and HIV coinfection is common and HIV leads to increased HCV viraemia and accelerated disease progression. However, the biological basis of this interaction remains poorly understood and little is known about the impact of HIV on HCV replication at the cellular level. We analysed HCV RNA, based on single‐cell laser‐capture microdissection, in liver biopsies from monoinfected (n = 4) and HCV/HIV‐coinfected (n = 5) participants. HCV RNA was assayed in 3200 hepatocytes with information of spatial position. We compared HCV RNA levels and clustering properties of infection between mono‐ and coinfected participants, and developed a mathematical model of infection. Although the median plasma HCV RNA level and the fraction of infected cells were comparable in monoinfected (7.0 log10IU/mL and ~ 30%) and coinfected (7.3 log10IU/mL and ~ 40%) participants, the median HCV RNA per infected hepatocyte in monoinfected (2.8IU) was significantly lower than in coinfected (8.2IU) participants (p = .03). Clustering of infected cells was more prominent in monoinfected participants (91% of samples) than in coinfected participants (~48%), p = .0045, suggesting that spatial spread may be influenced by HIV coinfection. Interestingly, when clustering does occur, the size of clusters is similar in both types of infection. A mathematical model of infection suggested that HIV allows higher intracellular accumulation of HCV RNA by impeding the export of HCV RNA. Our observations show that HIV coinfection impacts intracellular accumulation of HCV RNA and the clustering of HCV‐infected cells, but to a less extent the fraction of HCV‐infected cells.
Open markets
Authors: Karatzas Ioannis , Kim Donghan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn open market is a subset of a larger equity market, composed of a certain fixed number of top‐capitalization stocks. Though the number of stocks in the open market is fixed, their composition changes over time, as each company's rank by market capitalization fluctuates. When one is allowed to invest also in a money market, an open market resembles the entire “closed” equity market in the sense that the market viability (lack of arbitrage) is equivalent to the existence of a numéraire portfolio (which cannot be outperformed). When access to the money market is prohibited, the class of portfolios shrinks significantly in open markets; in such a setting, we discuss the Capital Asset Pricing Model, how to construct functionally generated portfolios, and the concept of universal portfolio.
Endogenous timing and manufacturer advertising: A note
Authors: Hu Qing , Mizuno Tomomichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider a vertical market comprising of a manufacturer engaging in advertising and two retailers offering differentiated products. We analyze the endogenous order of moves for the retailers and demonstrate that they may choose a more competitive environment: simultaneous pricing under Bertrand competition or sequential producing under Cournot competition. This result is robust even if we extended our model to third‐degree wholesale price discrimination and persuasive advertising.
Evolution of the Brassicaceae‐specific MS5‐Like family and neofunctionalization of the novel MALE STERILITY 5 gene essential for male fertility in Brassica napus
Authors: Zeng Xinhua , Li Hao , Li Keqi , Yuan Rong , Zhao Shengbo , Li Jun , Luo Junling , Li Xiaofei , Ma Hong , Wu Gang , Yan Xiaohong 
Published: October 2020

Summary

New genes (or lineage‐specific genes) can facilitate functional innovations. MALE STERILITY 5 (MS5) in Brassica napus is a fertility‐related new gene, which has two wild‐type alleles (BnMS5a and BnMS5c) and two mutant alleles (BnMS5b and BnMS5d) that could induce male sterility.

Here, we studied the history and functional evolution of MS5 homologs in plants by phylogenetic analysis and molecular genetic experiments.

We identified 727 MS5 homologs and found that they define a Brassicaceae‐specific gene family that has expanded partly via multiple tandem gene duplications and also probably transpositions. The MS5 in B. napus is inherited from a basic diploid ancestor of B. rapa. Molecular genetic experiments indicate that BnMS5a and BnMS5c are functionally distinct in B. napus and that BnMS5d can inhibit BnMS5a in B. napus in a dosage‐dependent manner. The BnMS5a protein can move in coordination with meiotic telomeres and interact with the nuclear envelope protein SUN1, with a possible crucial role in meiotic chromosome behavior.

In summary, BnMS5 belongs to a Brassicaceae‐specific new gene family, and has gained a novel function that is essential for male fertility in B. napus through neofunctionalization that has likely occurred since the origin of B. rapa.
A copy number variant at the HPDA‐D12 locus confers compact plant architecture in cotton
Authors: Ji Gaoxiang , Liang Chengzhen , Cai Yingfan , Pan Zhaoe , Meng Zhigang , Li Yanyan , Jia Yinhua , Miao Yuchen , Pei Xinxin , Gong Wenfang , Wang Xiaoyang , Gao Qiong , Peng Zhen , Wang Liru , Sun Junling , Geng Xiaoli , Wang Pengpeng , Chen Baojun , Wang Peilin , Zhu Tao , He Shoupu , Zhang Rui , Du Xiongming 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Improving yield is a primary mission for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) breeders; development of cultivars with suitable architecture for high planting density (HPDA) can increase yield per unit area.

We characterized a natural cotton mutant, AiSheng98 (AS98), which exhibits shorter height, shorter branch length, and more acute branch angle than wild‐type.

A copy number variant at the HPDA locus on Chromosome D12 (HPDA‐D12), encoding a dehydration‐responsive element‐binding (DREB) transcription factor, GhDREB1B, strongly affects plant architecture in the AS98 mutant. We found an association between a tandem duplication of a c. 13.5 kb segment in HPDA‐D12 and elevated GhDREB1B expression resulting in the AS98 mutant phenotype. GhDREB1B overexpression confers a significant decrease in plant height and branch length, and reduced branch angle.

Our results suggest that fine‐tuning GhDREB1B expression may be a viable engineering strategy for modification of plant architecture favorable to high planting density in cotton.
The esophageal mucosal barrier in health and disease: mucosal pathophysiology and protective mechanisms
Authors: Gyawali C. Prakash , Sonu Irene , Becker Laren , Sarosiek Jerzy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiseases of the esophagus, such as gastroesophageal reflux (GER), can result in changes to mucosal integrity, neurological function, and the microbiome. Although poorly understood, both age and GER can lead to changes to the enteric nervous system. In addition, the esophagus has a distinct microbiome that can be altered in GER. Mucosal integrity is also at risk due to persistent damage from acid. Diagnostic tools, such as ambulatory pH/impedance testing and esophageal mucosal impedance, can assess short‐term and longitudinal GER burden, which can also assess the risk for mucosal compromise. The quality of the mucosal barrier is determined by its intercellular spaces, tight junctions, and tight junction proteins, which are represented by claudins, occludins, and adhesion molecules. Fortunately, there are protective factors for mucosal integrity that are secreted by the esophageal submucosal mucous glands and within saliva that are augmented by mastication. These protective factors have potential as therapeutic targets for GER. In this article, we aim to review diagnostic tools used to predict mucosal integrity, aging, and microbiome changes to the esophagus and esophageal mucosal defense mechanisms.
SFRP2 enhances dental pulp stem cell‐mediated dentin regeneration in rabbit jaw
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Yuejun , Wang Haiyan , Yang Haoqing , Cao Yangyang , Xia DengSheng , Cao Yu , Fan Zhipeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesDental tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐mediated tooth regeneration may be a useful therapeutic tool for repairing tooth loss. However, the low success rate of tooth regeneration restricts its clinical application. Identifying key factors for enhancing dentinogenesis in MSCs is crucial for promoting tooth regeneration.Materials and MethodsHuman dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were transfected with retrovirus to obtain SFRP2‐over‐expressing DPSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin red staining, quantitative analysis of calcium, and dentinogenesis‐related genes were detected. Additionally, transplantation in a rabbit tooth extraction model was used to explore the role of SFRP2 in dentin regeneration.ResultsWe found SFRP2 over‐expression greatly enhanced ALP activity, and mineralization in DPSCs. Real‐time RT‐PCR revealed SFRP2 over‐expression promoted the expressions of OSX, RUNX2, DSPP, DMP1, and BSP. Moreover, Micro CT analysis showed high‐density calcification occurred to a much higher extent in SFRP2 over‐expressing group compared to control group in vivo. Additionally, HE staining, immmunohistochemistry staining, and scanning electron microscopy results showed much more dentin‐like tissue formed in SFRP2 over‐expressing group compared to control group.ConclusionsOur findings revealed SFRP2 is an important regulator that enhances the dentinogenesis of DPSCs and dentin regeneration in the jaw, which may have clinical applications.
Investigation of dens invaginatus in a Chinese subpopulation using Cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Yabin , Wang Haijia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study assesses the prevalence and characteristics of dens invaginatus (DI) in a sample of Chinese population by using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.MethodologyA retrospective study was conducted by using the CBCT images of 1,004 patients. The whole dentition was evaluated for the presence and characteristics of DI. Periapical pathosis status and bilateral feature of affected teeth were also examined.ResultsDens invaginatus was observed in 85 of 1,004 subjects, with a prevalence of 8.47% and a tooth prevalence of 0.494%. Males presented a higher prevalence of DI than females (p = .011). Type I DI was the most commonly observed type of dens invaginatus, followed by type II and type III. The structure form of different types of DI was various. Overall 2.48% of the patients with type I DI, 5.88% of the patients with type II DI, 100% of the patients with type III DI had apical pathosis. Bilateral DI was found in 63.53% of the affected patients.ConclusionsThis study indicates that DI was not rare, and clinicians should be aware of its existence. CBCT examination can provide an accurate representation of dental anatomy and should be incorporated into early diagnosis and treatment planning for teeth with DI.
Periodontal Pathogens’ strategies disarm neutrophils to promote dysregulated inflammation
Authors: Miralda Irina , Uriarte Silvia M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPeriodontitis is an irreversible, chronic inflammatory disease where inflammophilic pathogenic microbial communities accumulate in the gingival crevice. Neutrophils are a major component of the innate host response against bacterial challenge, and under homeostatic conditions, their microbicidal functions typically protect the host against periodontitis. However, a number of periodontal pathogens developed survival strategies to evade neutrophil microbicidal functions while promoting inflammation, which provides a source of nutrients for bacterial growth. Research on periodontal pathogens has largely focused on a few established species: Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. However, advances in culture‐independent techniques have facilitated the identification of new bacterial species in periodontal lesions, such as the two Gram‐positive anaerobes, Filifactor alocis and Peptoanaerobacter stomatis, whose characterization of pathogenic potential has not been fully described. Additionally, there is not a full understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms used against neutrophils by organisms that are abundant in periodontal lesions. This presents a substantial barrier to the development of new approaches to prevent or ameliorate the disease. In this review, we first summarize the neutrophil functions affected by the established periodontal pathogens listed above, denoting unknown areas that still merit a closer look. Then, we review the literature on neutrophil functions and the emerging periodontal pathogens, F. alocis and P. stomatis, comparing the effects of the emerging microbes to that of established pathogens, and speculate on the contribution of these putative pathogens to the progression of periodontal disease.
An Improvised Patchwork: Success and Failure in Cybersecurity Policy for Critical Infrastructure
Authors: Atkins Sean , Lawson Chappell 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe last two decades have revealed the vulnerability of privately owned “critical infrastructure”—the power grid, pipelines, financial networks, and other vital systems—to cyberattack. The central U.S. response to this challenge has been a series of sectoral “partnerships” with private owner‐operators of critical infrastructure, involving varying degrees of regulation. Qualitative analysis based on in‐depth interviews with over 40 policymakers and senior private sector managers, as well as public documents, reveals considerable variation in how well this approach has worked in practice. The main predictors of policy success appear to be (a) the nature of the cyber threat to firms’ operations and (b) regulatory pressure on firms. However, other factors—such as the nature of intra‐industry competition—also affect how well the current regime works in specific sectors. Our findings have implications for public administration on civilian cybersecurity, as well as ramifications for regulation in other policy domains.