bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase level identifies patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and predicts the length of hospital stay
Authors: Gu Xuexiang , Li Xiangyu , An Xusheng , Yang Shufeng , Wu Shangnong , Yang Xiaozhong , Wang Honggang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a worldwide public health emergency. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of liver blood tests in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsThe analysis included clinical data of 23 patients with suspected COVID‐19 and 66 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 from January 25 to February 20, 2020. The relationship between liver blood test results, liver condition (HBsAb positive, HBcAb positive, and fatty liver disease), and duration of hospital stay among COVID‐19 patients was analyzed.ResultsThe median hospital stay of COVID‐19 patients was 6 days. Serum albumin (Alb) level was lower in patients with COVID‐19 confirmed on admission than in patients with suspected COVID‐19 (40.08 g/L vs 42.50 g/L, P = .016), while the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was higher (23 U/L vs 18 U/L, P = .005). Abnormal results of liver blood tests in patients with COVID‐19 included increased levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (21.2%, 14 patients), AST (15.2%, 10 patients), and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (22.7%, 15 patients). After 5‐10 days of treatment, levels of Alb and AST in COVID‐19 patients were significantly decreased (P < .001 and P = .027, respectively). Abnormal levels of Alb and AST in patients with COVID‐19 were not associated with the liver condition (all P > .05). In addition, only levels of AST were positively correlated with the duration of hospital stay (r = .334, P = .007).ConclusionAbnormal results of the liver blood test were found in COVID‐19 patients. The COVID‐19 patients on admission with the higher levels of AST might have longer hospital stays.
Effects of Xeroderma pigmentosum group C polymorphism on the likelihood of prostate cancer
Authors: Yan Yidan , Xu Jianmin , Xu Bin , Wen Qiaxian , Zhou Jing , Zhang Lifeng , Zuo Li , Lv Guoqiang , Shi Yunfeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have assessed the association between xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) polymorphisms and susceptibility of prostate cancer (PCa); however, the findings remain inconsistent.MethodsWe performed an updated analysis utilizing data from electronic databases to obtain a more accurate estimation of the relationship between XPC rs2228001 A/C polymorphism and PCa risk. We further used in silico tools to investigate this correlation.ResultsTotally, 5,305 PCa cases and 6,499 control subjects were evaluated. When all studies pooled together, we detected no positive result (recessive genetic model: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.93‐1.40, Pheterogeneity = 0.001, P = .212); nevertheless, the XPC rs2228001 A/C variant was associated with PCa risk in Asian descendants in the subgroup analysis (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01‐1.43, Pheterogeneity = 0.008, P = .034). In silico tools showed that more than 20 proteins can participate in the protein crosstalk with XPC. The expression of XPC was down‐regulated in all Gleason scores of prostate cancer.ConclusionsThe present study indicated that the XPC rs2228001 A/C variant may be associated with elevated PCa risk in Asian patients.
Analysis of clinical features and outcomes of 161 patients with severe and critical COVID‐19: A multicenter descriptive study
Authors: Shi Ming , Chen Lianhua , Yang Yadong , Zhang Jingpeng , Xu Ji , Xu Gang , Li Bin , Yin Yiping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics, laboratory indexes, treatment regimens, and short‐term outcomes of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients.MethodsOne hundred and sixty one consecutive severe and critical COVID‐19 patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) were retrospectively reviewed in this multicenter study. Demographic features, medical histories, clinical symptoms, lung computerized tomography (CT) findings, and laboratory indexes on admission were collected. Post‐admission complications, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes were also documented.ResultsThe mean age was 59.38 ± 16.54 years, with 104 (64.60%) males and 57 (35.40%) females. Hypertension (44 [27.33%]) and diabetes were the most common medical histories. Fever (127 [78.88%]) and dry cough (111 [68.94%]) were the most common symptoms. Blood routine indexes, hepatic and renal function indexes, and inflammation indexes were commonly abnormal. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the most common post‐admission complication (69 [42.86%]), followed by electrolyte disorders (48 [29.81%]), multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) (37 [22.98%]), and hypoproteinemia (36 [22.36%]). The most commonly used antiviral drug was lopinavir/ritonavir tablet. 50 (31.06%) patients died, while 78 (48.45%) patients healed and discharged, and the last 33 (20.50%) patients remained in hospital. Besides, the mean hospital stay of deaths was 21.66 ± 11.18 days, while the mean hospital stay of discharged patients was 18.42 ± 12.77 days. Furthermore, ARDS (P < .001) and MODS (P = .008) correlated with increased mortality rate.ConclusionSevere and critical COVID‐19 presents with high mortality rate, and occurrence of ARDS or MODS greatly increases its mortality risk.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Norvancomycin in Children With Malignant Hematological Disease
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Si‐chan , Ye Qi , Gao Liu‐liu , Nie Ying‐ming , Xu Hua , Wu Mo , Cao Peng , Wang Yang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKnowledge of pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of norvancomycin (NVCM) in pediatric patients is lacking, which leads to empirical therapy in clinical practice. This study developed a population PK model of children aged 0‐15 years; 112 opportunistic samples in total from 90 children were analyzed. The stability and prediction of the final model were evaluated by goodness‐of‐fit plots, nonparametric bootstrap, visual predictive check, and normalized prediction distribution errors. The PKs of NVCM in children was described by a 2‐compartment model with first‐order elimination along with body weight and estimated glomerular filtration rate as significant covariates on clearance. The population typical values of the PK parameters were as follows: clearance 0.12 L/kg/h, central compartment distribution volume 0.17 L/kg, peripheral compartment distribution volume 0.38 L/kg, and intercompartmental clearance 0.35 L/kg/h. Logistic analysis showed that the ratio of area under the concentration‐time curve over 24 hours (AUC0‐24) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) had the strongest correlation with clinical efficacy, and at least 80% clinical efficiency could be achieved when AUC0‐24/MIC ≥ 221.06 was defined as the target. Monte Carlo simulation results suggested that a higher dose was required for this pediatric population in order to reach the target. The dosing regimen was optimized based on the final model. A population PK model of NVCM was first characterized in children with hematologic malignancy, and an evidence‐based approach for NVCM dosage individualization was provided.
Effect of 3 Single Doses of Trazodone on QTc Interval in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Tellone Valeria , Rosignoli Maria Teresa , Picollo Rossella , Dragone Patrizia , Del Vecchio Alessandra , Comandini Alessandro , Radicioni Milko , Leuratti Chiara , Calisti Fabrizio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of 3 doses of a trazodone hydrochloride 6% oral drops solution on the QT interval of healthy volunteers. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of trazodone 20 mg, 60 mg, and 140 mg, moxifloxacin 400 mg, and trazodone‐matched placebo in 5 periods separated by 7‐day washouts, according to a double‐blind, crossover study design. Subjects were monitored continuously, and triplicate ECGs were extracted from baseline (predose) until 24 hours postdose. Blood samples for trazodone and moxifloxacin analyses were collected at the same time points. The concentration‐QTc relationship assessed on placebo‐adjusted change from baseline for Fridericia‐corrected QT (ΔΔQTcF) was the primary end point. ΔΔQTcF values of 4.5, 12.3, and 19.8 ms for the 20‐, 60‐, and 140‐mg doses were observed at the corresponding trazodone peak plasma concentrations. The upper bound of the 90%CI exceeded 10 ms for the 60‐ and the 140‐mg doses. Time‐matched analysis results were in line with these findings. No significant trazodone effect on heart rate or PR or QRS intervals and no clinically significant new morphological changes were present. In this moxifloxacin‐validated ECG trial, trazodone had a modest, dose‐dependent effect on cardiac repolarization, with no QTc prolongation observed with the 20‐mg dose and an effect exceeding the values set in E14 guideline with the 60‐ and 140‐mg doses. The effect on cardiac repolarization is unlikely to represent a clinical risk for ventricular proarrhythmia, but caution should be used with concomitant use of other medications that prolong QT or increase trazodone exposure.
Prenatal diagnosis of a right coronary artery to right atrial fistula with a giant coronary artery aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Cui Cunying , Liang Weijie , Fan Taibing , Liu Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCoronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rare cardiac anomaly. Here, we diagnosed a right coronary artery‐right atrium fistula with giant coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) via fetal echocardiography at 35 weeks' gestation. An urgent caesarean delivery was performed at 36 weeks' gestation because CAA caused mitral obstruction, and fetal atrial flutter was present. Following delivery, we performed aneurysm ligation because the new‐born developed atrial tachycardia. The intraoperative findings confirmed the sonographic findings. To the best of our knowledge, prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of CAF and giant CAA has not been reported in the literature. We focus on the ultrasonic characteristics and differential diagnosis in this literature.
Relapse of follicular lymphoma arising from a non‐t(14;18) clone
Authors: Otsuka Yasuyuki , Nishikori Momoko , Fujimoto Masakazu , Nakao Kensuke , Hishizawa Masakatsu , Haga Hironori , Takaori‐Kondo Akifumi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntraclonal diversity is commonly observed in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), whereas tumor cells at the onset and relapse usually share early genetic events such as VDJ rearrangement of the immunoglobulin genes and t(14;18) translocation. We report a case of FL with relapse with FL that was clonally different from the tumor cells at onset. A 59‐year‐old male presented with paraaortic lymph node swelling and thickening of the right renal pelvic and ureteral wall was histologically diagnosed as FL, grade 1. Karyotypic analysis revealed t(14;18)(q32;q21) with +12 and +der(18)t(14;18). Ten years after the initial diagnosis, he suddenly developed systemic lymphadenopathy as a second relapse, and histological examination led to the diagnosis of FL grade 3B with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Surprisingly, karyotypic analysis demonstrated the presence of +12 and 3q27 abnormality, which was proved to be a BCL6 translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization, but the absence of t(14;18)(q32;q21). We compared VDJ rearrangement of the FL cells at onset and relapse and found that they were completely independent of each other. These tumor cells sharetrisomy 12 as a common genetic abnormality, and it is speculated that trisomy 12 may have occurred earlier than BCL2 and BCL6 translocations. These results suggest that there can even be cases of “relapse” of FL with an independent origin of the primary tumor cells. Our observation highlights the importance of re‐biopsy of relapsed FL, especially when it occurs after a long remission with different clinical presentation from that at the onset.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Short Fluorocarbon Chain Cationic Surfactant
Authors: Zhu Xinhua , Jia Xuhong , Zhang Yuqiang , Luo Yuzhen , Bo Haidong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel short fluorocarbon chain cationic surfactant has been synthesized to reduce the bioaccumulation of traditional fluorocarbon surfactants and maintain excellent surface properties simultaneously. The structure, surface activity, and micelle formation of surfactants have been investigated by surface tension, conductivity, dynamic light scattering, steady‐state fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Nuclear magnetic resonance. The novel surfactant (yield more than 81%) exhibited good surface activity, the critical micelle concentration and surface tension were below 2.35 mmol L−1 and 20.54 mN m−1 in the range of temperature from 288 to 303 K, respectively. The surface tension decreased to 17.45 mN m−1 with an increase in temperature. The thermodynamic parameters (, and ) of micellization for surfactants were evaluated, which implying the micellization process was contributed primarily by the entropy driving. In addition, the aggregation behavior of surfactants was also studied in detail, which demonstrated a small micelle aggregation number of 9.40 and large size distribution of 164–342 nm.
Influence of acid‐base dissociation equilibria during electromembrane extraction
Authors: Restan Magnus Saed , Ramsrud Sindre Bergstrøm , Jensen Henrik , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Stig 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectromembrane extraction is affected by acid–base equilibria of the extracted substances as well as coupled equilibria associated with the partitioning of neutral substances to the supported liquid membrane. A theoretical model for this was developed and verified experimentally in the current work using pure 2‐nitrophenyl octyl ether as supported liquid membrane. From this model, extraction efficiency as a function of pH can be predicted. Substances with log P < 0–2 are generally extracted with low efficiency. Substances with log P > 2 are generally extracted with high efficiency when acceptor pH < pKaH − log P. Twelve basic drug substances (2.07 < log P < 6.57 and 6.03 < pKaH < 10.47) were extracted under different pH conditions with 2‐nitrophenyl octyl ether as supported liquid membrane and fitted to the model. Seven of the drug substances behaved according to the model, while those with log P close to 2.0 deviated from prediction. The deviation was most probably caused by deprotonation and ion pairing within the supporting liquid membrane. Measured partition coefficients (log P) between 2‐nitrophenyl octyl ether and water, were similar to traditional log P values between n‐octanol and water. Thus, the latter have potential for pKaH − log P predictions.
Electrophilic reactivities of 7‐L‐4‐nitrobenzofurazans in σ‐complexation processes: Kinetic studies and structure–reactivity relationships
Authors: Ayachi Hajer , Raissi Hanen , Mahdhaoui Faouzi , Boubaker Taoufik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe second‐order rate constants (k) for reaction of 7‐chloro‐4‐nitrobenzofurazan 1 and 7‐methoxy‐4‐nitrobenzofurazan 2 with a series of nitroalkyl anions and several of para‐substituted phenoxide anions in aqueous solution at 20 °C have been reported. On the basis of the linear novel approach recently designed by Mayr and coworkers, the electrophilicity parameters E at the C‐5 position of the two nitrobenzofurazans 1 and 2 have been quantified and ranked on the comprehensive electrophilicity scale. Mayr's approach was found to correctly predict the rate constants for the addition of phenoxide anions at the C‐5 position of 1 and 2 witting a factor of <2. Analysis of the kinetic measurements using Brønsted's model shows that βnuc values remain remarkably constant for changes in the nature of the substituent and that the σ‐complexation process is associated with high Marcus intrinsic barriers. In addition, satisfactory correlations between the log kexp (kexp values measured in this work for reactions of benzofurazans 1 and 2 with a series of phenoxide anions in aqueous solution at 20 °C) and log kcalcd (kcalcd values calculated from equation 1 using the electrophilicity parameters E of benzofurazans 1 and 2 and the previously published nucleophilicity parameters N and sN of the phenoxide anions) with a slope very close to unity have been obtained and discussed.
MiR‐559 targets GP73 to suppress proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro
Authors: Zheng Xue‐Song , Liu Hai‐Jie , Zhang Lian‐Lian , Li Hui , Wang Chun‐Jing , Xin Ye‐Jiu , Hao Rui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignant tumors with poor overall prognosis. As a tumor suppressor, the function of miR‐559 in HCC is not clear. In this study, quantitative real‐time PCR was carried out to measure the expression of miR‐559 in HCC cell lines. The effects of miR‐559 on HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were evaluated through a series of functional assays. The mechanism through which miR‐559 regulates HCC cells was investigated by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and functional experiments. The results revealed that miR‐559 expression was low in HCC cell lines. Upregulation of miR‐559 suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay confirmed Golgi membrane protein 73 (GP73) as a target gene of miR‐559. Moreover, miR‐559 could negatively regulate GP73 expression in HCC cells. These results demonstrated that low‐level expression of miR‐559 was associated with HCC, and overexpression of miR‐559 could inhibit HCC cell growth and invasion via targeting GP73.
Construction of eco‐friendly corrosion inhibitor lignin derivative with excellent corrosion‐resistant behavior in hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Gao Chao , Zhao Xin , Liu Keyin , Dong Xinyu , Wang Shoujuan , Kong Fangong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganic corrosion inhibitors from natural plant resources have received extensive attention in recent years. Herein, an eco‐friendly corrosion inhibitor lignin–(2,3‐epoxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTAC) was successfully prepared by grafting EPTAC to kraft lignin. The inhibiting efficiency and its inhibition mechanism were investigated using electrochemical methods, adsorption thermodynamics analysis, and molecular dynamic simulation. The results showed that the lignin–EPTAC molecules formed a protective film on iron surface, resulting in an excellent inhibition efficiency of 97.80% at 100 mg/L concentration. The average surface roughness of steel samples was reduced to 26.6 nm from the original 99.3 nm. The adsorption of lignin–EPTAC molecules on the steel surface follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and was a physical–chemical process as well as an exothermic process of entropy reduction. This adsorption of lignin–EPTAC was a conjugated system dominated by benzene ring of lignin–EPTAC to form a chemical bond on the steel surface by conjugation, besides a positive interaction between the metal surface and the positively charged N ions in the head group of lignin–EPTAC.
Wideband microstrip‐to‐air‐filled substrate integrated waveguide transition with controllable band‐pass performance
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Wang Wenbo , Sun Dongquan , Deng Jing‐Ya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel wideband back‐to‐back microstrip‐to‐air‐filled substrate integrated waveguide (AFSIW) transition with controllable band‐pass performance is presented. The wideband transition is constructed by a gradient microstrip and a section of widened partially dielectric‐filled AFSIW. The sharp rejection performance above the pass band is achieved by taking advantage of the notch characteristics of the widened partially dielectric‐filled AFSIW section. The lower stop band is determined by the cut‐off characteristic of the intermediate AFSIW between the back‐to‐back transitions. The relationship between the band‐pass response and the dimensional parameters of the transition is investigated. A prototype is designed, manufactured and measured. The measured fractional bandwidth (FBW) is 57.63% centered at 14.75 GHz. The suppression over 20 ~ 25 GHz is better than 25 dB, and a transmission zero with a suppression of 51.7 dB is introduced at 1 GHz away from the upper‐edge frequency of the pass band.
First data on animal exploitation in Funj Sultanate, Kingdom of Dongola, Sudan (16th–17th centuries)
Authors: Osypińska Marta , Godlewski Włodzimierz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe scientific importance of the archaeozoological study of 16th‐ to 17th‐century faunal materials from Old Dongola in Sudan cannot be overstated in view of it being the only regular project of its kind on postmedieval material from Sudan to date. The results highlight the dynamics of the sociopolitical transformation taking place at this time. From the point of view of the economy, domestic cattle were the most important species, and there are certain indications in favour of long‐distance trade following mainly a north–south vector and taking advantage of the old early Makurian forts. The archaeozoological data reflect the presence of large homogeneous populations of short‐horned cattle resembling the varieties kept in Meroitic times. Small ruminants held an important place in local consumption patterns; and new species, the camel and the domestic chicken, gained a place for themselves in this period. A much more extensive use of wild game—birds, reptiles and species of catfish—also distinguished the economy of 16th‐ to 17th‐century Dongola.
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor and sunscreen effective compounds from Rumex crispus L.: isolation, identification, bioactivity and molecular docking study
Authors: Uzun Mine , Guvenalp Zuhal , Kazaz Cavit , Demirezer L. Omur 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionRumex (Polygonaceae) species are widely grown worldwide and their main compounds are anthranoids, tannins, naphthalenes and flavonoids. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes that cause the breakdown of the extracellular matrix and harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays are two important causes of skin ageing. Although there have been many studies on anthraquinones, there are not many studies on their anti‐ageing effects.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the anti‐ageing effects of pure compounds isolated from Rumex crispus L. by measuring their MMP inhibitory and sunscreen activities.MethodologyMolecular docking studies on anthranoid, flavonoid, tannin and naphthalene skeletons with MMP enzymes were applied for the first time. Various chromatographic methods were used for isolation studies. The structure elucidation was performed by spectroscopic [UV, infrared (IR), electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)] methods. To determine the anti‐ageing capacity of compounds, MMP‐1, MMP‐8, MMP‐13 enzyme inhibitory effects and sun protection factors (SPFs) were investigated for the first time.ResultsMolecular docking results showed that skeletons had low binding energy to the target and were likely to inhibit MMP enzymes. Then, eight anthraquinones and a naphthalene glycoside were isolated from the underground parts of Rumex crispus L. According to the results, MMP inhibitory effects of compounds were found to be high. In vitro and molecular docking study results confirmed each other. All anthraquinones showed high sun protection and emodin showed highest UV capability with SPF of 30.59.ConclusionThis study shows that anthraquinones may be evaluated as new potential MMP inhibitors, sun protective and anti‐ageing agents.