bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in beta diversity and species functional traits differ between saplings and mature trees in an old‐growth forest
Authors: Kirk David Anthony , Brice Marie‐Hélène , Bradstreet Michael S. , Elliott Ken A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInvasion by generalist tree species can cause biotic homogenization, and such community impoverishment is likely more important in rare forest types. We quantified changes in tree diversity within Carolinian (range in Central Hardwood Forest), central (range in Central Hardwood Forest and Northern Hardwood‐Conifer Forest), and northern species [range reached Northern‐Conifer‐Hardwood/closed Boreal (spruce‐Fir) Forest] in an old forest tract in southern Canada at points surveyed 24 years apart. We asked: How did mature tree and sapling composition and abundance change for the three species’ groups? Did those changes lead to biotic homogenization? Can species’ changes be explained by community traits? We tested for differences in temporal and spatial tree β‐diversity, as well as forest composition and structure, using univariate/multivariate analyses and a community trait‐based approach to identify drivers of change. Major increases occurred in abundance for matureAcer rubrum(northern), while other species decreased (Fraxinus americana,Populus grandidentata); declines were found inA. saccharinum(central) andCornus florida(Carolinian). Species composition of saplings, but not mature trees, changed due to replacement; no evidence for biotic homogenization existed in either cohort. As a group, northern mature tree species increased significantly, while central species decreased; saplings of pooled Carolinian species also declined. Shade tolerance in mature trees increased, reflecting successional changes, while drought tolerance decreased, perhaps due to changing temperatures, altered precipitation or ground water levels. Saplings showed declines in all traits, probably because of compositional change. Our results demonstrated that saplings can more closely reflect change in forest dynamics than mature trees, especially over short time periods. Based on sapling trends, this remnant could ultimately transition to a mesophytic hardwood stand dominated byA. rubrumand other shade‐tolerant species, creating a more homogeneous forest. While encouraging regeneration for Carolinian and central tree species could ensure high levels of diversity are conserved in the future, it is important to balance this with the primary management goal of maintaining the forest's old‐growth characteristics.
Evidence of postbreeding prospecting in a long‐distance migrant
Authors: Ciaglo Max , Calhoun Ross , Yanco Scott W. , Wunder Michael B. , Stricker Craig A. , Linkhart Brian D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrganisms assess biotic and abiotic cues at multiple sites when deciding where to settle. However, due to temporal constraints on this prospecting, the suitability of available habitat may be difficult for an individual to assess when cues are most reliable, or at the time they are making settlement decisions. For migratory birds, the postbreeding season may be the optimal time to prospect and inform settlement decisions for future breeding seasons.We investigated the fall movements of flammulated owls (Psiloscops flammeolus) within breeding habitat after fledglings had gained independence and before adults left for migration. From 2013 to 2016, we trapped owls within a breeding population wherein all nesting owls and their young have been banded since 1981. We used stable isotopes in combination with mark–recapture data to identify local individuals and differentiate potential prospecting behavior from other seasonal movements such as migration or staging.We commonly captured owls in the fall—predominantly hatch‐year owls—that were not known residents of the study area. Several of these nonresident owls were later found breeding within the study area. Stable isotope data suggested a local origin for virtually all owls captured during the fall.Our results suggest that hatch‐year flammulated owls, but also some after‐hatch‐year owls, use the period between the breeding season and fall migration to prospect for future breeding sites. The timing of this behavior is likely driven by seasonally variable costs associated with prospecting.Determining the timing of prospecting and the specific cues that are being assessed will be important in helping predict the extent to which climate change and/or altered disturbance regimes will modify the ecology, behavior, and demographics associated with prospecting.
Global data set for nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes of tunas
Authors: Bodin Nathalie , Pethybridge Heidi , Duffy Leanne M. , Lorrain Anne , Allain Valérie , Logan John M. , Ménard Frédéric , Graham Brittany , Choy C. Anela , Somes Christopher J. , Olson Robert J. , Young Jock W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNitrogen and carbon stable isotope data sets are commonly used to assess complex population to ecosystem responses to natural or anthropogenic changes at regional to global spatial scales, and monthly to decadal timescales. Measured in the tissues of consumers, nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) are primarily used to estimate trophic position while carbon isotopes (δ13C) describe habitat associations and feeding pathways. Models of both δ15N and δ13C values and their associated variance can be used to estimate likely dietary contributions and niche width and provide inferences about consumer movement and migration. Stable isotope data have added utility when used in combination with other empirical data sets (e.g., stomach content, movement tracking, bioregionalization, contaminant, or fisheries data) and are increasingly relied upon in food web and ecosystem models. While numerous regional studies publish tables of mean δ15N and δ13C values, limited individual records have been made available for wider use. Such a deficiency has impeded full utility of the data, which otherwise would facilitate identification of macroscale patterns. The data provided here consist of 4,498 records of individuals of three tuna species, Thunnus alalunga, T. obesus, and T. albacares sampled from all major ocean basins from 2000 to 2015. For each individual tuna, we provide a record of the following: species name, sampling date, sampling location, tuna length, muscle bulk and baseline corrected δ15N values, and muscle bulk and, where available, lipid corrected δ13C values. We provide these individual records to support comparative studies and more robust modeling projects seeking to improve understanding of complex marine ecosystem dynamics and their responses to a changing environment. There are no copyright restrictions for research and/or teaching purposes. Users are requested to acknowledge their use of the data in publications, research proposals, websites, and other outlets following the citation instructions in Class III, Section B.
Experimental evaluation of the relationship between dimensional dependencies of MnZn ferrites and filter inductor impedances
Authors: Takahashi Shotaro , Ogasawara Satoshi , Takemoto Masatsugu , Orikawa Koji , Tamate Michio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between filter inductor impedance and dimensional resonance of MnZn ferrite. Experimental results clarify that multiple factors affect inductor impedance resonances. These can be classified into three factors: the inherent characteristics of a magnetic material, self‐resonance due to winding stray capacitance, and winding that acts as a distributed constant line. Next, based on the measurement results, the dimensional dependencies of complex permeabilities (dimensional resonance) and the influence of dimensional resonance on inductor impedance are discussed in detail. Finally, this study verifies that the influence of dimensional resonance on complex permeability can be mitigated, and filter inductor impedance can be increased in the high frequency range by core lamination. All experiments are performed using off‐the‐shelf magnetic core products.
Myocarditis and coronary aneurysms in a child with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Ciuca Cristina , Fabi Marianna , Di Luca Daniela , Niro Fabio , Ghizzi Chiara , Donti Andrea , Balducci Anna , Rocca Alessandro , Zarbo Chiara , Gargiulo Gaetano Domenico , Lanari Marcello 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA 6‐year‐old African boy with multi‐viral infection including parvovirus B19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was admitted for persistent fever associated with respiratory distress and myocarditis complicated by cardiogenic shock needing ventilatory and inotropic support. Coronary aneurysms were also documented in the acute phase. Blood tests were suggestive of macrophage activation syndrome. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins, aspirin, diuretics, dexamethasone, hydroxychloroquine, and prophylactic low molecular weight heparin. Normalization of cardiac performance and coronary diameters was noticed within the first days. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, performed 20 days after the hospitalization, evidenced mild myocardial interstitial oedema with no focal necrosis, suggesting a mechanism of cardiac stunning related to cytokines storm rather than direct viral injury of cardiomyocytes.
Veno‐Arterial Extracorporeal Life Support in Heart Transplant and Ventricle Assist Device Centres. Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kowalewski Mariusz , Zieliński Kamil , Gozdek Mirosław , Raffa Giuseppe Maria , Pilato Michele , Alanazi Musab , Gilbers Martijn , Heuts Sam , Natour Ehsan , Bidar Elham , Schreurs Rick , Delnoij Thijs , Driessen Rob , Sels Jan Willem , van de Poll Marcel , Roekaerts Paul , Pasierski Michał , Meani Paolo , Maessen Jos , Suwalski Piotr , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsBecause reported mortality on veno‐arterial (V‐A) extracorporeal life support (ECLS) substantially varies between centres, the aim of the current analysis was to assess the outcomes between units performing heart transplantation and/or implanting ventricular assist device (HTx/VAD) vs. non‐HTx/VAD units in patients undergoing V‐A ECLS for cardiogenic shock.Methods and resultsSystematic search according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE databases until 30 November 2019. Articles reporting in‐hospital/30‐day mortality and centre's HTx/VAD status were included. In‐hospital outcomes and long‐term survival were analysed in subgroup meta‐analysis. A total of 174 studies enrolling n = 13 308 patients were included with 20 series performed in non‐HTx/VAD centres (1016 patients, 7.8%). Majority of patients underwent V‐A ECLS for post‐cardiotomy shock (44.2%) and acute myocardial infarction (20.7%). Estimated overall in‐hospital mortality was 57.2% (54.9–59.4%). Mortality rates were higher in non‐HTx/VAD [65.5% (59.8–70.8%)] as compared with HTx/VAD centres [55.8% (53.3–58.2%)], P < 0.001. Estimated late survival was 61.8% (55.7–67.9%) without differences between non‐HTx/VAD and HTx/VAD centres: 66.5% (30.3–1.02%) vs. 61.7% (55.5–67.8%), respectively (P = 0.797). No differences were seen with respect to ECLS duration, limb complications, and reoperations for bleeding, kidney injury, and sepsis. Yet, weaning rates were higher in HTx/VAD vs. non‐HTx/VAD centres: 58.7% (56.2–61.1%) vs. 48.9% (42.0–55.9%), P = 0.010. Estimated rate of bridge to heart transplant was 6.6% (5.2–8.3%) with numerical, yet not statistically significant, difference between non‐HTx/VAD [2.7% (0.8–8.3%)] as compared with HTx/VAD [6.7% (5.3–8.6%)] (P = 0.131).ConclusionsSurvival after V‐A ECLS differed according to centre's HTx/VAD status. Potentially different risk profiles of patients must be taken account for before definite conclusions are drawn.
Linear Tetranuclear Lanthanide Cymantrenecarboxylates with Diethylene Glycol Ligand: Synthesis, Magnetism, and Thermolysis
Authors: Koroteev Pavel S. , Ilyukhin Andrey B. , Babeshkin Konstantin A. , Belova Ekaterina V. , Gavrikov Andrey V. , Efimov Nikolay N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExchange reactions of LnCl3 and CymCO2K in aqueous‐organic medium in the presence of diethylene glycol (DEG) bring about isostructural tetranuclear cluster complexes with linear core, [Ln4(CymCO2)12(O(CH2CH2OH)2)2(H2O)4] ⋅ 2THF (Ln=Nd (1), Gd (2), Tb (3), Dy (4), Ho (5); Cym=(η5‐C5H4)Mn(CO)3). The complexes have centrosymmetric structure and contain two types of Ln3+ coordination centers. Thermal decomposition of the complexes under argon and air atmospheres was studied; in the latter case it brings about mixed oxides LnMn2O5 as one of the products. The complexes 1–5 were characterized by dc‐ and ac‐magnetic measurements. Complexes of Nd, Gd, and Dy exhibit the properties of single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) with remagnetization barriers Δeff/kB of 14 K for 1 under 2500 Oe dc‐field, 13 K for 2 under 1500 Oe dc‐field, and with two barriers, 18 and 19 K, for 4 in zero field. The presence of field‐induced slow relaxation of the magnetization detected for the complex 2 is a rare case for Gd complexes.
Synthesis, Structure and Electronic Properties of Three Tin Oxide Halides
Authors: Löber Manuel , Geißenhöner Chris Steve , Ströbele Markus , Romao Carl P. , Meyer Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThree tin oxide halides, Sn7O4Cl6, Sn7O4Br6, and Sn4OI6, were synthesized by solid‐state reactions of SnO and SnX2 (X=Cl, Br, I) at 300 °C. Crystal structures were solved and refined from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data, revealing the presence of cubane‐like [Sn4O4] units in the structures of Sn7O4Cl6 and Sn7O4Br6. The electronic structure of Sn7O4Cl6 was analyzed by DFT band structure calculations and the electron localization function (ELF).
Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde by Water‐Soluble Ruthenium(II) Phosphine Complexes: A DFT Study on the Selectivity and Viability of trans‐Dihydride Pathways
Authors: Fehér Péter Pál , Joó Ferenc , Papp Gábor , Purgel Mihály 
Published: December 2020

AbstractApart from the important trans‐dihydrido‐transition metal catalysts containing polydentate phosphine, diamine or pincer‐type ligands, the catalytic role of trans‐dihydride complexes with monodentate ligands is generally neglected given their inferior thermodynamic stability compared to the cis isomers. This way however, a mechanistic investigation about selectivity loses important details as more prominent catalysts provide multiple competing pathways towards the desired product. Here, we used the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde as model reaction to gain theoretical insight about whether the water soluble ruthenium trans‐dihydride complexes, trans‐[Ru(II)H2P3L] (P=PPh3 in the model, monosulfonated PPh3 (mtppms) in experiments, L=H2O or P), are, indeed, feasible catalytic species as suggested on the basis of experimental investigations. After evaluating numerous catalytic cycles, we found that the consideration of thermodynamically accessible trans‐dihydrides provides two viable competing reaction channels. The key feature of the mechanisms is the inclusion of explicit solvent (water) molecules, which allows the separation of substrate hydrogenation from the rate determining catalyst regeneration, where the H−H activation occurs. We found that the former determines the selectivity towards carbonyl hydrogenation through the more favorable hydride transfer to the carbonyl carbon.
Acid/Alkali‐Proof Fire‐Resistant Inorganic Paper Comprising Fibers Assembled from Barium Sulfate Nanorods
Authors: Wu Jin , Zhu Ying‐Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, barium sulfate (BS) fibers with a three‐level nanorod‐assembled hierarchical structure have been synthesized in a large scale by the barium oleate precursor hydrothermal method. A new kind of anti‐acid and anti‐alkali fire‐resistant BS inorganic paper has been developed using BS fibers, glass fibers and inorganic adhesive, and it has advantages such as high flexibility, good tensile strength, excellent fire‐resistant properties, excellent corrosion resistance to strong acids and strong alkalis. It is expected that the anti‐acid anti‐alkali fire‐resistant BS paper has promising applications under various high‐temperature and harsh conditions.
Mixing Polyaromatic Scaffolds and Main Group Elements: Synthesis, Coordination and Optical Properties of Naphthyl‐Fused Heteropines
Authors: Delouche Thomas , Roisnel Thierry , Dorcet Vincent , Hissler Muriel , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we describe the synthesis of polyaromatic heteropines including main group element (Phosphorus, Germanium) through Ni or Cu‐mediated C−C coupling. Coordination complexes were synthesized with the σ3,λ3‐phosphepines using different metal ions (Au(I), Re(I), Pd(II)) showing that these P‐heterocycles display the classical reactivity of two‐electrons P‐donor making them promising ligands. The optical properties were experimentally studied (UV‐vis absorption and emission) and compared. Finally, both polyaromatic germepine and phosphepine appear as interesting building blocks for optoelectronics.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers in Alginate Microgels for the Delivery of Astaxanthin
Authors: Huang Juan , Xie Wenjing , Liu Lu , Song Yucong , Pan Fang , Bai Hua , Pan Ting , Lv Yiwen , Chen Jianchu , Shi Jianqiang , Hu Xiaojia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aims to enhance the stability and bioavailability of astaxanthin by loading it into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), then incorporating the NLCs into alginate microgels. The NLCs (about 200 nm particle size) and alginate microgels (about 1 mm particle size) are prepared using high‐pressure homogenization and injection‐gelation methods, respectively. Based on in vitro dissolution assessments, the astaxanthin in alginate microgels dissolves more slowly than that in NLCs. In simulated gastric digestive juice, minimal dissolution of microgel‐embedded astaxanthin is detected; however, in simulated intestinal digestive juice, the dissolution is appreciably accelerated. Moreover, the 2 h bio‐accessibility of astaxanthin in microgels is less than that in NLCs. At higher concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium ions, the internal pores of the microgels become smaller, resulting in slower dissolution and lower bio‐accessibility of astaxanthin. As for the chemical stability of the pigment, it is improved by the secondary coating effect of hydrogelation. Hence, NLC incorporation into alginate microgels constitutes a promising strategy for the encapsulation of astaxanthin in the food industry.Practical applications : Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) incorporated in alginate microgels can increase the water solubility of astaxanthin, improve its chemical stability, increase its bioavailability, and allow for its controlled release. The high‐pressure homogenization method used to prepare NLCs can be easily applied on an industrial level. Moreover, the operation conditions of the injection‐gelation process needed to synthesize the alginate microgels are mild, nontoxic, and nonpolluting. The NLC‐alginate microgels can be used in yogurt, ice cream, and other foods.
Preparation, Characterization, and Reactivity of Aliphatic Amino Iodane(III) Reagents
Authors: Zhang Yue , Lu Jing , Lan Tianlei , Cheng Shaoling , Liu Wei , Chen Chao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe preparation of a new class of aliphatic amino iodane(III) reagents has been realized with the N‐TMS−amine and acetoxybenziodazole participated in the formation of N−I bond. The amino‐containing iodane(III) reagent 2 d was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which revealed the expected hypervalent iodane distorted T‐shaped geometry. A practical copper‐catalyzed, directed electrophilic amination of aryl amines employing amino‐iodane(III) as amination agents was disclosed that proceeded smoothly without external additives.
Silver‐Catalyzed Acyl Nitrene Transfer Reactions Involving Dioxazolones: Direct Assembly of N‐Acylureas
Authors: Yang Zheng‐Lin , Xu Xin‐Liang , Chen Xue‐Rong , Mao Zhi‐Feng , Zhou Yi‐Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDioxazolones and isocyanides are useful synthetic building blocks, and have attracted significant attention from researchers. However, the silver‐catalyzed nitrene transfer reaction of dioxazolones has not been investigated to date. Herein, a silver‐catalyzed acyl nitrene transfer reaction involving dioxazolones, isocyanides, and water was realized in the presence of Ag2O to afford a series of N‐acylureas in moderate to good yields.
Comparison of preconcentration methods for nontargeted analysis of natural waters using HPLC‐HRMS: Large volume injection versus solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Kutlucinar Kaan Georg , Hann Stephan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNontargeted analysis of water samples using liquid chromatography combined with high‐resolution mass spectrometers is an emerging approach for surface water monitoring and evaluation of water treatment processes. In this study, sample preconcentration via direct, large volume injection with 500 μL and 1000 μL injection volumes was compared to SPE regarding analytical performance parameters in targeted and nontargeted workflows. In targeted analysis, the methods were evaluated in terms of LOD and intrabatch precision of the selected compounds, whereas in nontargeted analysis, the number of detected unknown compounds, the method's intra‐batch precision, and the retention time versus molecular mass pattern of the detected unknowns were evaluated. In addition, a novel intensity drift correction method was developed that is not based on quality control samples and makes use of the signals obtained for continuously infused reference compounds, which are conventionally utilized for online mass drift correction. It could be demonstrated that the new correction method significantly reduced the bias introduced by instrumental drift and is important for the reliable intercomparison of different nontargeted methods. Intercomparison of results showed that the 1000 μL large volume injection method revealed the best performance in terms of precision under repeatability conditions of measurement as well as lower LODs for targeted compound analysis. In nontargeted analysis, the SPE method detected a higher number of unknown compounds but exhibited also a higher uncertainty of measurement caused by matrix effects.
Approximate analytic expressions for the electrophoretic mobility of spherical soft particles
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractApproximate analytic expressions are derived for the electrophoretic mobility of a weakly charged spherical soft particle consisting of the particle core covered with a surface layer of polymers in an electrolyte solution. The particle core and the surface polymer layer may be charged or uncharged. The obtained electrophoretic mobility expressions, which involve neither numerical integration nor exponential integrals, are found to be in excellent agreement with the exact numerical results. It is also found that the obtained mobility expressions reproduce all the previously derived limiting expressions and approximate analytic expressions for the electrophoretic mobility of a weakly charged spherical soft particle.