bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nosocomial hepatitis A outbreak among healthcare workers and patients in a community hospital during an ongoing statewide outbreak
Authors: Brennan Julia , Mullins Heather , Tobey Kelley , Jones Cassandra , Kainer Marion A. , Fiscus Michelle , May Stephen , Dunn John R. , Schaffner William , Jones Timothy F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:The Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) investigated a hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreak to identify risk factors for infection and make prevention recommendations.Design:Case series.Setting:Community hospital.Participants:Healthcare workers (HCWs) or patients with laboratory-confirmed acute HAV infection during October 1, 2018–January 10, 2019.Methods:HCWs with suspected or confirmed hepatitis A infections were interviewed to assess their exposures and activities. Patient medical records and hospital administrative records were reviewed to identify common exposures. We conducted a site investigation to assess knowledge of infection control practices among HCWs. Serum specimens from ill persons were tested for HAV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped.Results:We identified 6 HCWs and 2 patients with laboratory-confirmed HAV infection. All cases likely resulted from exposure to a homeless patient with a history of recreational substance use and undiagnosed HAV infection. Breaches in hand hygiene and use of standard precautions were identified. HAV RNA was detected in 7 serum specimens and all belonged to an identical strain of HAV genotype 1b.Conclusions:A hepatitis A outbreak among hospital patients and HCWs resulted from exposure to a single patient with undiagnosed HAV infection. Breakdowns in infection control practices contributed to the outbreak. The likelihood of nosocomial transmission can be reduced with proper hand hygiene, standard precautions, and routine disinfection. During community outbreaks, medical providers can better prevent ongoing transmission by including hepatitis A in the differential diagnosis among patients with a history of recreational substance use and homelessness.
Who are we missing with EHR-based smoking cessation treatments? A descriptive study of patients who smoke and do not regularly visit primary care clinics
Authors: Nolan Margaret , Zwaga Deejay , McCarthy Danielle , Kastman Christian , Baker Timothy , Zehner Mark , Smith Stevens , Fiore Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionMost tobacco treatment efforts target healthcare settings, because about 75% of smokers in the United States visit a primary care provider annually. Yet, 25% of patients may be missed by such targeting.AimsTo describe patients who smoke but infrequently visit primary care – their characteristics, rates of successful telephone contact, and acceptance of tobacco treatment.MethodsTobacco Cessation Outreach Specialists ‘cold-called’ those without a primary care visit in the past year, offering tobacco dependence treatment. Age, sex, insurance status, race, ethnicity, electronic health record (EHR) patient-portal status and outreach outcomes were reported.ResultsOf 3,407 patients identified as smokers in a health system registry, 565 (16.6%) had not seen any primary care provider in the past year. Among 271 of those called, 143 (53%) were successfully reached and 33 (23%) set a quit date. Those without visits tended to be younger, male, some-day versus every-day smokers (42 vs. 44 years, P = 0.004; 48% vs. 40% female, P = 0.0002, and 21% vs. 27% some-day, P = 0.003), and less active on the EHR patient portal (33% vs. 40%, P = 0.001).ConclusionsA substantial proportion of patients who smoke are missed by traditional tobacco treatment interventions that require a primary care visit, yet many are receptive to quit smoking treatment offers.
Heritable anisotropy associated with cognitive impairments among patients with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic relatives in multiplex families
Authors: Prasad K. M. , Gertler J. , Tollefson S. , Wood J. A. , Roalf D. , Gur R. C. , Gur R. E. , Almasy L. , Pogue-Geile M. F. , Nimgaonkar V. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo test the functional implications of impaired white matter (WM) connectivity among patients with schizophrenia and their relatives, we examined the heritability of fractional anisotropy (FA) measured on diffusion tensor imaging data acquired in Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, and its association with cognitive performance in a unique sample of 175 multigenerational non-psychotic relatives of 23 multiplex schizophrenia families and 240 unrelated controls (total = 438).MethodsWe examined polygenic inheritance (h2r) of FA in 24 WM tracts bilaterally, and also pleiotropy to test whether heritability of FA in multiple WM tracts is secondary to genetic correlation among tracts using the Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines. Partial correlation tests examined the correlation of FA with performance on eight cognitive domains on the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery, controlling for age, sex, site and mother's education, followed by multiple comparison corrections.ResultsSignificant total additive genetic heritability of FA was observed in all three-categories of WM tracts (association, commissural and projection fibers), in total 33/48 tracts. There were significant genetic correlations in 40% of tracts. Diagnostic group main effects were observed only in tracts with significantly heritable FA. Correlation of FA with neurocognitive impairments was observed mainly in heritable tracts.Conclusions:Our data show significant heritability of all three-types of tracts among relatives of schizophrenia. Significant heritability of FA of multiple tracts was not entirely due to genetic correlations among the tracts. Diagnostic group main effect and correlation with neurocognitive performance were mainly restricted to tracts with heritable FA suggesting shared genetic effects on these traits.
Theorizing about faith with Lara Buchak
Authors: HOWARD-SNYDER DANIEL , MCKAUGHAN DANIEL J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat is faith? Lara Buchak has done as much as anyone recently to answer this question in a sensible and instructive fashion. As it turns out, her writings reveal two theories of faith, an early one and a later one – or two versions of the same one if you like. In what follows, we aim to assess those theories with an eye to highlighting both their good- and bad-making features, marking choice points for theorizing about faith along the way, and defending the choices we make. The result is an alternative theory of faith, one that we hope extends our common pursuit of understanding what faith is.
The Symbol of Justice: Bloodguilt in Kant
Authors: Thomason Krista K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne of the more notorious passages in Kant occurs in the Doctrine of Right where he claims that ‘bloodguilt’ will cling to members of a dissolving society if they fail to execute the last murderer (MM, 6: 333). Although this is the most famous, bloodguilt appears in three other passages in Kant’s writings. These have received little attention in Kant scholarship. In this article, I examine these other passages and argue that bloodguilt functions as a symbol for the demandingness of justice. I then offer a sympathetic interpretation of the passage from the Doctrine of Right.
Meta-analysis of controlled trials testing horticultural therapy for the improvement of cognitive function
Authors: Tu Hung-Ming , Chiu Pei-Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImproving cognitive function is one of the most challenging global issues in cognitive impairment population. Horticultural therapy involves the expertise of a horticultural therapist who establishes a treatment plan for horticultural activities that aim to achieve cognitive changes, and thereby improve health-related quality of life. However, more convincing evidence demonstrating the effect of horticultural therapy on cognitive function is essential. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of controlled trials testing the effect of horticultural therapy on cognitive function and the findings indicate that horticultural therapy programs significantly improved cognitive function. The effect size of the horticultural therapy program was large. Findings of this meta-analysis have important implications for practice and policies. Contemporary healthcare systems should consider horticultural therapy as an important intervention for improving patients’ cognitive function. Governments and policy-makers should consider horticultural therapy as an important tool to prevent the decline of cognitive function in cognitive impairment population.
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Response to a Public Speech Preparation Stressor: Personality and Autonomic Predictors
Authors: Helou Leah B. , Jennings J. Richard , Rosen Clark A. , Wang Wei , Verdolini Abbott Katherine 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
Laboratory stressors have been shown to impact the activity of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILMs), which may be part of the final causal pathway in some stress-induced voice disorders. Previous research suggests that personality traits such as stress reaction might increase one's susceptibility to these problems. Also, the autonomic nervous system response is implicated in the pathogenesis of voice disorders putatively involving ILM hyperfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate personality and autonomic nervous system predictors of ILM responses to stressor exposure.

Method
Thirty-seven physically and vocally healthy female adults completed a personality questionnaire and were subjected to a speech preparation task intended to induce stress. Fine wire electromyography of the ILMs was performed so that the activity of these muscles could be measured prior to and during the stressor. Participants' trait stress reaction was measured as a personality-based predictive variable, as was respiratory-corrected respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a putative measure of vagal outflow to the heart.

Results
The personality measure trait stress reaction uniquely predicted thyroarytenoid, trapezius, and tibialis activity, whereas respiratory sinus arrhythmia uniquely predicted the activity of all muscles studied. Differences were observed in the autonomic predictor variable as a function of whether or not effects of respiration were accounted for in the variable's calculation.

Conclusions
This study explores the potential mediating roles of personality and autonomic function in ILM activity during a stressor. Both variables have value in predicting ILM activity during stressor exposure.
High‐voltage pulse transformer for IOT modulators
Authors: Jalakas Tanel , Janson Kuno , Mõlder Heigo , Roasto Indrek 
Published: September 2020

Neutron sources like European Spallation Source consist of linear proton accelerator and beam target. The linear accelerator is supplied by inductive output tubes (IOTs) or klystrons that require high‐voltage DC supply (40 kV). This study describes the design and experimental evaluation of high‐voltage dry‐isolation pulse transformer design evaluation prototype for interleaved IOT supply modules. In order to withstand high‐voltage stress, a modular secondary winding module with multistage voltage field equalisation are designed. Inter‐winding connections are realised in the air as the separate winding outputs are routed together through common high‐voltage isolators. The novelties of the current manuscript are new pulse transformer design and the experimental work. Experiments with full‐scale prototype verified the advantages and revealed, also, some drawbacks of this construction. Proposed transformer design could be used not only in IOT or klystron power supplies but also in high‐voltage DC/DC or AC/AC converters and power electronic transformers, used in the medium‐voltage distribution grids.
Bus scheduling considering trip‐varying travel times, vehicle availability and capacity
Authors: Gkiotsalitis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2020

Bus scheduling is a well‐known NP‐hard problem, and it is addressed with the use of heuristic solution methods or graphical approaches. In this study, the author proposes an improved formulation of the bus scheduling problem that considers the vehicle availability, the vehicle capacity and the allowed headway variability among successive trip dispatches. His formulation expands the classic bus scheduling model formulation by including the aforementioned features. In his study, the bus scheduling problem is understood as the problem of setting the optimal dispatching times for a set of pre‐determined daily trips of a particular bus line. His model facilitates the search of solutions that can improve the waiting times of passengers while meeting the operational requirements and avoiding overcrowding. His proposed mathematical program is proved to be non‐convex, and it is solved with heuristic solution methods because numerical optimisation approaches cannot guarantee a globally optimal solution. The performance of his approach is tested in a case study using real operational data from bus line 302 in Singapore. A simulation‐based evaluation demonstrates potential gains of up to 20% on average passenger waiting times and a major reduction in refused passenger boardings because of overcrowding.
Peri-implantitis Update: Risk Indicators, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Rokaya Dinesh , Srimaneepong Viritpon , Wisitrasameewon Wichaya , Humagain Manoj , Thunyakitpisal Pasutha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the success rates of dental implants, peri-implantitis presents as the most common complication in implant dentistry. This review discusses various factors associated with peri-implantitis and various available treatments, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Relevant articles on peri-implantitis published in English were reviewed from August 2010 to April 2020 in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The identified risk indicators of peri-implant diseases are plaque, smoking, history of periodontitis, surface roughness, residual cement, emergence angle >30 degrees, radiation therapy, keratinized tissue width, and function time of the implant, sex, and diabetes. Peri-implantitis treatments can be divided into nonsurgical (mechanical, antiseptic, and antibiotics), surface decontamination (chemical and laser), and surgical (air powder abrasive, resective, and regenerative). However, mechanical debridement alone may fail to eliminate the causative bacteria, and this treatment should be combined with other treatments (antiseptics and surgical treatment). Surface decontamination using chemical agents may be used as an adjuvant treatment; however, the definitive clinical benefit is yet not proven. Laser treatment may result in a short-term decrease in periodontal pocket depth, while air powder abrasive is effective in cleaning a previously contaminated implant surface. Surgical elimination of a pocket, bone recontouring and plaque control are also effective for treating peri-implantitis. The current evidence indicates that regenerative approaches to treat peri-implant defects are unpredictable.
Reporting and Analyzing Uncertainty
Authors: Swartz Clifford E. 
Published: September 2020

When a value is not known precisely, the amount of uncertainty is usually called “error.” This has given the whole business of uncertainty analysis a bad name, because in common usage “error” implies sloppiness, very likely caused by sinfulness. (She saw the error of her ways.)
In the language of technology, this section deals with the analysis of errors—how to judge their magnitude, how to describe them in conventional ways, and how to take them into account in calculating numerical values based on a number of individual measurements. As we shall emphasize, error represents uncertainty and has nothing to do with mistakes or sloppiness. Indeed, reducing the amount of error in a measurement beyond the immediate need is usually a mistake and a sign of poor judgment.
Size-dependent male mating tactics and their morphological correlates in Poecilia gillii
Authors: Furness Andrew I , Hagmayer Andres , Pollux Bart J A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Male alternative reproductive strategies are found in some species of most major animal taxa but are especially widespread in fishes. Mature males of the shortfin molly, Poecilia gillii, display extensive variation in size and morphology. We devised a field test of a priori hypotheses regarding the interrelationships between male size, coloration, morphology and mating tactics. Males did not occur in discrete size classes, but instead occurred in a size and morphological continuum. Large males exhibited darker and more orange-coloured dorsal and caudal fins, whereas small males exhibited lighter and more inconspicuous fin coloration. Furthermore, larger males had proportionately deeper bodies, larger dorsal and caudal fins and shorter gonopodia than smaller males. Our field study of male mating behaviour revealed a lack of courtship in this species, and similar levels of mating attempts (gonopodial thrusts) irrespective of male size. Instead, small males were significantly more likely to chase females than were large males. In contrast, large males exhibited higher rates of gonoporal nibbling (a likely means by which males determine, through chemical factors, whether a female is carrying fertilizable ova) and higher likelihood of chasing other males away. In total, we found evidence for the predicted associations between male size, coloration, morphology and mating behaviour. These associations appear likely to maximize mating success for males of a given body size and phenotype.
Functional trait coordination in the ancient and nutrient-impoverishedcampo rupestre: soil properties drive stem, leaf and architectural traits
Authors: Caminha-Paiva Dario , Negreiros Daniel , Barbosa Milton , Fernandes G Wilson 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOld, climatically buffered and infertile landscapes (OCBILs) are remarkably species-diverse, but the assembly of their ecological communities is largely unknown. Our goal was to understand how edaphic filters drive the functional structure of plant communities in an ancient and nutrient-impoverished ecosystem. We carried out a functional screening across four types of campo rupestre habitats with different edaphic conditions. We investigated trait–soil relationships for ironstone and quartzitic substrate to obtain the optimal trait values of each condition. In addition, we built unipartite networks to explore trait–trait relationships to assess functional coordination among organs. Lower soil pH and less soil water retention potential increased the proportion of smaller leaves, tissue dry mass and tissue density, resulting in more resource-conservative plant species and communities. Trait functions were tightly correlated among organs at both the plot and the individual level, indicating a trend of phenotypic integration. Architectural traits were central to coordination, suggesting their key role in integrating sap transport, mechanical support and leaf display. We conclude that the trait adjustments in response to soil parameters are important for the coexistence of a large number of species in the campo rupestre ecosystem.
Total endovascular repair of a mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm in a patient with an aberrant right subclavian artery
Authors: Nakamae Kosuke , Azuma Takashi , Yokoi Yoshihiko , Niinami Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is a rare arterial anomaly. Although a few cases of total endovascular repair for the ARSA aneurysm have been previously reported, anatomical limitations and the possibility of endoleaks remained. In this case, we created 4 holes on the stent graft for each cervical branch, with reference to the preoperative computed tomography findings. This approach might enable us to repair all types of thoracic aortic aneurysms with ARSA with each anatomical feature.
Degradation of butachlor and propanil by Pseudomonas sp. strain But2 and Acinetobacter baumannii strain DT
Authors: Duc Ha Danh , Thuy Nguyen Thi Dieu , Truc Huynh Thi Thanh , Nhu Nguyen Thi Huynh , Oanh Nguyen Thi 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Herbicides have been extensively used globally, resulting in severe environmental pollution. Novel butachlor-degrading Pseudomonas sp. strain But2 isolated from soil can degrade butachlor regardless of the concentration and grows without a lag phase. Specific degradation was increased at 0.01–0.1 mM, and did not change significantly at higher concentrations. During degradation, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide, 2,6-diethylaniline, and 1,3-diethylbenzene were formed, which indicated that deamination occurred. Moreover, Pseudomonas sp. strains could tolerate propanil at up to 0.8 mM. The mixed bacterial culture of Pseudomonas sp. But2 and Acinetobacter baumannii DT (a propanil-degrading bacterial strain) showed highly effective biodegradation of both butachlor and propanil in liquid media and soil. For example, under treatment with the mixed culture, the half-lives of propanil and butachlor were 1 and 5 days, respectively, whereas those for the control were 3 and 15 days. The adjuvants present in herbicides reduced degradation in liquid media, but did not influence herbicide removal from the soil. The results showed that the mixed bacteria culture is a good candidate for the removal of butachlor and propanil from contaminated soils.
The potential of video imagery from worldwide cabled observatory networks to provide information supporting fish-stock and biodiversity assessment
Authors: Aguzzi J , Chatzievangelou D , Company J B , Thomsen L , Marini S , Bonofiglio F , Juanes F , Rountree R , Berry A , Chumbinho R , Lordan C , Doyle J , del Rio J , Navarro J , De Leo F C , Bahamon N , García J A , Danovaro P R , Francescangeli M , Lopez-Vazquez V , Gaughan P 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeafloor multiparametric fibre-optic-cabled video observatories are emerging tools for standardized monitoring programmes, dedicated to the production of real-time fishery-independent stock assessment data. Here, we propose that a network of cabled cameras can be set up and optimized to ensure representative long-term monitoring of target commercial species and their surrounding habitats. We highlight the importance of adding the spatial dimension to fixed-point-cabled monitoring networks, and the need for close integration with Artificial Intelligence pipelines, that are necessary for fast and reliable biological data processing. We then describe two pilot studies, exemplary of using video imagery and environmental monitoring to derive robust data as a foundation for future ecosystem-based fish-stock and biodiversity management. The first example is from the NE Pacific Ocean where the deep-water sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) has been monitored since 2010 by the NEPTUNE cabled observatory operated by Ocean Networks Canada. The second example is from the NE Atlantic Ocean where the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) is being monitored using the SmartBay observatory developed for the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water column Observatories. Drawing from these two examples, we provide insights into the technological challenges and future steps required to develop full-scale fishery-independent stock assessments.