bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressing kelvin–helmholtz instability with an external magnetic field
Authors: Sun Wei , Zhong Jiayong , Lei Zhu , Zhang Shu , Wang Lifeng , Zhao Kaige , An Weiming , Ping Yongli , Han Bo , Yuan Dawei , Tong Bowei , Zhang Qian , Yuan Xiaoxia , Zhu Baojun , Zhang Zhe , Li Yutong , Qiao Bin , Cheng Lei , Wang Jianzhao , Xing Chunqing , Jiang Weiman , Wei Huigang , Liang Guiyun , Xie Zhiyong , Wang Chen , Jin Mengqi , Zhao Gang , Zhang Jie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We discuss the formation of a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) produced by a laser-driven thin separate plastic (CH) foil plasma. The experimental design consists of magnetized plasma driven by intense laser irradiation and a small cylindrical permanent magnet. By comparing situations with and without an external magnetic field, we found that the KHI showed different rolling features which could be effectively suppressed by an external magnetic field. A quantitative analysis shows the consistency between the experiments and theory.
Scalable characterization of localizable entanglement in noisy topological quantum codes
Authors: Amaro David , Müller Markus , Pal Amit Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Topological quantum error correcting codes have emerged as leading candidates towards the goal of achieving large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers. However, quantifying entanglement in these systems of large size in the presence of noise is a challenging task. In this paper, we provide two different prescriptions to characterize noisy stabilizer states, including the surface and the color codes, in terms of localizable entanglement over a subset of qubits. In one approach, we exploit appropriately constructed entanglement witness operators to estimate a witness-based lower bound of localizable entanglement, which is directly accessible in experiments. In the other recipe, we use graph states that are local unitary equivalent to the stabilizer state to determine a computable measurement-based lower bound of localizable entanglement. If used experimentally, this translates to a lower bound of localizable entanglement obtained from single-qubit measurements in specific bases to be performed on the qubits outside the subsystem of interest. Towards computing these lower bounds, we discuss in detail the methodology of obtaining a local unitary equivalent graph state from a stabilizer state, which includes a new and scalable geometric recipe as well as an algebraic method that applies to general stabilizer states of arbitrary size. Moreover, as a crucial step of the latter recipe, we develop a scalable graph-transformation algorithm that creates a link between two specific nodes in a graph using a sequence of local complementation operations. We develop open-source Python packages for these transformations, and illustrate the methodology by applying it to a noisy topological color code, and study how the witness and measurement-based lower bounds of localizable entanglement varies with the distance between the chosen qubits.
Topological spin–valley filtering effects based on hybrid silicene-like nanoribbons
Authors: Yang Jia-En , Lü Xiao-Long , Zhang Chun-Xia , Xie Hang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Topological edge states have crucial applications in nano spintronics and valleytronics devices, while topological inner-edge states have seldom been extensively researched in this field. Based on the inner-edge states of the hybridized zigzag silicene-like nanoribbons, we investigate their transport properties. We propose two types of spin–valley filters. The first type can generate two different spin–valley polarized currents in output leads, respectively. The second type outputs the specific spin–valley polarized current in only one of the output leads. All these inner-edge states have the spin–valley-momentum locking property. These types of filters can switch the output spin–valley polarizations by modulating the external fields. Besides, we also find that the device size plays a crucial role in designing these spin–valley filters. Moreover, the local current distributions are calculated to visualize the detailed transport process and understand the mechanism. The mechanism lies that the spin–valley polarized current can nearly freely pass through the system with the same momentum, spin and valley degrees of freedom. The small reflection of the current results from the inter-valley scattering. In particular, we also consider the realistic (disorder) effects on the performance of these filters to ensure the robustness of our systems. We believe these spin–valley current filtering effects have potential applications in the future spintronics and valleytronics device designs.
Scalable quantum computing stabilised by optical tweezers on an ion crystal
Authors: Shen Yu-Ching , Lin Guin-Dar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
As it has been demonstrated that trapped ion systems have unmatched long-lived quantum-bit (qubit) coherence and can support high-fidelity quantum manipulations, how to scale up the system size becomes an inevitable task for practical purposes. In this work, we theoretically analyse the physical limitation of scalability with a trapped ion array, and propose a feasible scheme of architecture that in principle allows an arbitrary number of ion qubits, for which the overhead only scales linearly with the system size. This scheme relies on the combined ideas of a trap architecture of tunable size, stabilisation of an ion crystal by optical tweezers, and continuous sympathetic cooling without touching the stored information. We demonstrate that illumination of optical tweezers modifies the motional spectrum by effectively pinning the ions, lifting the frequencies of the motional ground modes. By doing so, we make the structure of the array less vulnerable from thermal excitations, and suppress the position fluctuations to insure faithful gate operations. Finally, we also explore the local behaviour of cooling when a sub-array is isolated by optical tweezers from other parts of the crystal.
The stability of hole-doped antiferromagnetic state in a two-orbital model
Authors: Singh Dheeraj Kumar , Go Ara , Choi Han-Yong , Bang Yunkyu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We investigate the hole-doped antiferromagnetic state in a two-orbital model of cuprates. The model also includes

d

3

z

2

−

r

2

orbital. Unlike the one-orbital model, we find the antiferromagnetic state stable against the hole doping for the cuprates with orbital splitting between

d

x

2

−

y

2

and

d

3

z

2

−

r

2

orbitals being ∼1 eV. This results from the fact that the Hund’s coupling enforces the filling of

d

x

2

−

y

2

orbital ≈1 indicated by a significant reduction of

d

x

2

−

y

2

spectral density at the Fermi level. This, in turn, leads to the suppression of intraband fluctuations detrimental to the antiferromagnetic phase. In this scenario, hole doping involves removal of mainly

d

3

z

2

−

r

2

electrons that are comparatively more localized. One important caveat of our meanfield theoretic result and conclusion is that they are reliable only for a very low hole doping region.
Measurement of thermodynamic temperature between 5 K and 24.5 K with single-pressure refractive-index gas thermometry
Authors: Gao Bo , Zhang Haiyang , Han Dongxu , Pan Changzhao , Chen Hui , Song Yaonan , Liu Wenjing , Hu Jiangfeng , Kong Xiangjie , Sparasci Fernando , Plimmer Mark , Luo Ercang , Pitre Laurent 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We describe measurements of thermodynamic temperature in the range 5 K to 24.5561 K (the triple point of neon) using single-pressure refractive-index gas thermometry (SPRIGT) with 4He. In the wake of the May 2019 re-definition of the kelvin and its associated mise en pratique, the main purpose of the work is to provide values of T–T
90, the discrepancy between thermodynamic temperature and that of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90). The link to ITS-90 is made via calibrated rhodium-iron resistance thermometers. Innovations required to reach the level of accuracy required for meaningful measurements (uncertainty in T–T
90 less than the expected deviation) include the suppression of temperature oscillations in a cryogen-free cryostat, a pressure stabilization scheme based on a non-rotating piston balance, modelling of the hydrostatic head correction and refinements of the measurement of microwave resonances in a quasi-spherical copper resonator. The accuracy of measurements varies from 0.05 mK to 0.17 mK and is competitive with that of all previous ones in this temperature range using other techniques. The improvement stems partly from the new techniques used for the new definition of the kelvin as well as ab initio calculations of the thermophysical properties ofgaseous 4He. In addition to confirming the validity of SPRIGT as an accurate, easier-to-implement alternative to other low-temperature primary thermometry techniques (e.g. acoustic gas thermometry) yet with scope for improvement, the results should provide important input data for any future revision of ITS-90.
Tangent space spatial filters for interpretable and efficient Riemannian classification
Authors: Xu Jiachen , Grosse-Wentrup Moritz , Jayaram Vinay 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective. Methods based on Riemannian geometry have proven themselves to be good models for decoding in brain-computer interfacing (BCI). However, these methods suffer from the curse of dimensionality and are not possible to deploy in high-density online BCI systems. In addition, the lack of interpretability of Riemannian methods leaves open the possibility that artifacts drive classification performance, which is problematic in the areas where artifactual control is crucial, e.g. neurofeedback and BCIs in patient populations. Approach. We rigorously proved the exact equivalence between any linear function on the tangent space and corresponding derived spatial filters. Upon which, we further proposed a set of dimension reduction solutions for Riemannian methods without intensive optimization steps. The proposed pipelines are validated against classic common spatial patterns and tangent space classification using an open-access BCI analysis framework, which contains over seven datasets and 200 subjects in total. At last, the robustness of our framework is verified via visualizing the corresponding spatial patterns. Main results. Proposed spatial filtering methods possess competitive, sometimes even slightly better, performances comparing to classic tangent space classification while reducing the time cost up to 97% in the testing stage. Importantly, the performances of proposed spatial filtering methods converge with using only four to six filter components regardless of the number of channels which is also cross validated by the visualized spatial patterns. These results reveal the possibility of underlying neuronal sources within each recording session. Significance. Our work promotes the theoretical understanding about Riemannian geometry based BCI classification and allows for more efficient classification as well as the removal of artifact sources from classifiers built on Riemannian methods.
Impact on air quality and health due to the Saddleworth Moor fire in northern England
Authors: Graham A M , Pope R J , Pringle K P , Arnold S , Chipperfield M P , Conibear L A , Butt E W , Kiely L , Knote C , McQuaid J B 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
On June 24th 2018 one of the largest UK wildfires in recent history broke out on Saddleworth Moor, close to Manchester, in north-west England. Since wildfires close to large populations in the UK have been relatively small and rare in the past, there is little knowledge about the impacts. This has prevented the development of effective strategies to reduce them. This paper uses a high-resolution coupled atmospheric-chemistry model to assess the impact of the fires on particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) across the region and the impact on health from short-term exposure. We find that the fires substantially degraded air quality. PM2.5 concentrations increased by more than 300% in Oldham and Manchester and up to 50% in areas up to 80 km away such as Liverpool and Wigan. This led to one quarter of the population (2.9 million people) in the simulation domain (−4.9–0.7°E and 53.0–54.4°N) being exposed to moderate PM2.5 concentrations on at least one day, according to the Daily Air Quality Index (36–53 µg m−3), between June 23rd and 30th 2018. This equates to 4.5 million people being exposed to PM2.5 above the WHO 24-hour guideline of 25 µg m−3 on at least one day. Using a concentration-response function we calculate the short-term health impact, which indicates that in total over the 7-day period 28 (95% CI: 14.1–42.1) deaths were brought forward, with a mean daily excess mortality of 3.5 deaths per day (95% CI: 1.8–5.3). The excess mortalities from PM2.5 from the fires represented up to 60% of the total excess mortality (5.7 of 9.5 excess deaths), representing an increase of 3.8 excess mortalities (165% increase) compared to if there were no fires. We find the impact of mortality due to PM2.5 from the fires on the economy was also substantial (£21.1 m).
Human influence on frequency of temperature extremes
Authors: Hu Ting , Sun Ying , Zhang Xuebin , Min Seung-Ki , Kim Yeon-Hee 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We investigate the influence of external forcings on the frequency of temperature extremes over land at the global and continental scales by comparing HadEX3 observations and simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Programme Phase 6 (CMIP6) project. We consider four metrics including warm days and nights (TX90p and TN90p) and cold days and nights (TX10p and TN10p). The observational dataset during 1951–2018 shows continued increases in the warm days and nights and decreases in the cold days and nights in most land areas in the years after 2010. The area of the so-called ‘warming hole’ in North America is much reduced in 1951–2018 compared with that in 1951–2010. The comparison between observation and simulations based on an optimal fingerprinting method shows that the anthropogenic forcing, dominated by greenhouse gases, plays the most important role in the changes of the frequency indices. Changes in CMIP6 multi-model mean response to all forcing need to be scaled down to best match the observations, indicating that the multi-model ensemble mean may have overestimated the observed changes. Analyses that involve signals from anthropogenic and natural external forcings confirm that the anthropogenic signal can be detected over global land as a whole and for most continents in all temperature indices. Analyses that include signals from greenhouse gas (GHG), anthropogenic aerosol (AA) and natural external (NAT) forcings show that the GHG signal is detected in all indices over the globe and most continents while the AA signal can be detected mainly in the warm extremes but not the cold extremes over the globe and most continents. The effect of NAT is negligible in most land areas. GHG’s warming effect is offset partially by AA’s cooling effect. The combined effects from both explain most of the observed changes over the globe and continents.
Magnetocaloric effect and critical behavior near the first to second-order phase transition of La0.7Ca0.3−xSnxMnO3 compounds
Authors: Son Lam Dao , Dung Nguyen Thi , Dang Thanh Tran , Linh Dinh Chi , Nan Wen-Zhe , Yu Seong Cho 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The magnetocaloric effect and the critical behavior near the first to second-order phase transition of La0.7Ca0.3-xSnxMnO3 compounds (with x = 0–0.04), which were prepared by a conventional solid state reaction method, have been investigated. With increasing Sn-doping, a systematic decrease in the Curie temperature (T
C) and the magnetic entropy change (ΔS
m) are observed. We also pointed out that the width and the order of the magnetic phase transition in La0.7Ca0.3-xSnxMnO3 compounds can be easily modified by changing Sn concentration. The Banerjee criterion suggests that the Sn-undoped sample (x = 0) undergoes a first-order phase transition (FOPT). Meanwhile, Sn-doped samples (x = 0.02 and 0.04) undergo a second-order phase transition (SOPT). Based on the Kouvel-Fisher method and the critical isotherm analyses, we have determined the values of the critical exponents (β, γ, and δ) and T
C for two SOPT samples. The results obtained for x = 0.02 sample are β = 0.218, γ = 0.858, and δ = 4.717, which are close to those expected for the tricritical mean field theory. Whereas, β = 0.468, γ = 1.095 and δ = 3.315 obtained for x = 0.04 sample are close to those expected for the mean field theory. This suggests that the presence of Sn favors establishing the ferromagnetic long-range interactions in the sample.
Surfactant-mediated dispersions of carbon nano-onions in aqueous solution
Authors: Camisasca Adalberto , Giordani Silvia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the ability of different surfactants to form homogeneous and stable dispersions of carbon nano-onions (CNOs) in water via non-covalent interactions. For our purposes, we select three ionic surfactants, namely the cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the two anionic deoxycholic acid sodium salt (DCAS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). We examine the dispersing efficacy at dispersing CNOs and long-term stability by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta-potential. Among the three surfactants, the anionic surfactants show the best ability to create stable CNO dispersions, with SDBS exhibiting superior efficacy. Our non-covalent strategy provides a valuable approach to enhance the solubility features while preserving the unique properties of CNOs.
Relativism and the Metaphysics of Value
Authors: Evers Daan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
I argue that relativists about aesthetic and other evaluative language face some of the same objections as non-naturalists in ethics. These objections concern the metaphysics required to make it work. Unlike (some) contextualists, relativists believe that evaluative propositions are not about the relation in which things stand to certain standards. Nevertheless, the truth of such propositions would depend on variable standards. I argue that relativism requires the existence of states of affairs very different from other things known to exist. Furthermore, there seems to be no convincing reason to postulate such entities. However, if they do not exist, then relativism leads to an error theory. That is unattractive, as relativism was meant to preserve the truth of many evaluative claims.
Doctors without ‘Disorders’
Authors: Bortolotti Lisa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
On one influential view, the problems that should attract medical attention involve a disorder, because the goals of medical practice are to prevent and treat disorders. Based on this view, if there are no mental disorders then the status of psychiatry as a medical field is challenged. In this paper, I observe that it is often difficult to establish whether the problems that attract medical attention involve a disorder, and argue that none of the notions of disorder proposed so far offers a successful demarcation criterion between medical and non-medical problems. As an illustration, I consider why delusions are considered pathological and whether they attract medical attention in virtue of being pathological, where ‘pathological’ stands for ‘being caused by a disorder’. Although there are several promising answers to what makes delusions pathological, available accounts of the pathological nature of delusions fail to distinguish delusions from other irrational beliefs that are not typically thought of as pathological; and cannot explain why delusions typically attract medical attention whereas other irrational beliefs do not.
A knowledge-based scoring function to assess quaternary associations of proteins
Authors: Dhawanjewar Abhilesh S , Roy Ankit A , Madhusudhan Mallur S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Motivation
The elucidation of all inter-protein interactions would significantly enhance our knowledge of cellular processes at a molecular level. Given the enormity of the problem, the expenses and limitations of experimental methods, it is imperative that this problem is tackled computationally. In silico predictions of protein interactions entail sampling different conformations of the purported complex and then scoring these to assess for interaction viability. In this study, we have devised a new scheme for scoring protein–protein interactions.

Results
Our method, PIZSA (Protein Interaction Z-Score Assessment), is a binary classification scheme for identification of native protein quaternary assemblies (binders/nonbinders) based on statistical potentials. The scoring scheme incorporates residue–residue contact preference on the interface with per residue-pair atomic contributions and accounts for clashes. PIZSA can accurately discriminate between native and non-native structural conformations from protein docking experiments and outperform other contact-based potential scoring functions. The method has been extensively benchmarked and is among the top 6 methods, outperforming 31 other statistical, physics based and machine learning scoring schemes. The PIZSA potentials can also distinguish crystallization artifacts from biological interactions.

Availability and implementation
PIZSA is implemented as a web server at http://cospi.iiserpune.ac.in/pizsa and can be downloaded as a standalone package from http://cospi.iiserpune.ac.in/pizsa/Download/Download.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.