bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of patients treated with molecular adsorbent recirculating system albumin dialysis: A national multicenter study
Authors: Camus Christophe , Locher Clara , Saliba Faouzi , Goubaux Bernard , Bonadona Agnès , Lavayssiere Laurence , Paugam Catherine , Quinart Alice , Barbot Olivier , Dharancy Sébastien , Delafosse Bertrand , Pichon Nicolas , Barraud Hélène , Galbois Arnaud , Veber Benoit , Cayot Sophie , Souche Bruno 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is the most widely used device to treat liver failure. Nevertheless, data from widespread real‐life use are lacking.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter study conducted in all French adult care centers that used MARS between 2004 and 2009. The primary objective was to evaluate patient survival according to the liver disease and listing status. Factors associated with mortality were the secondary objectives.ResultsA total of 383 patients underwent 393 MARS treatments. The main indications were acute liver failure (ALF, 32.6%), and severe cholestasis (total bilirubin >340 μmol/L) (37.2%), hepatic encephalopathy (23.7%), and/or acute kidney injury–hepatorenal syndrome (22.9%) most often among patients with chronic liver disease. At the time of treatment, 34.4% of the patients were listed. Overall, the hospital survival rate was 49% (95% CI: 44–54%) and ranged from 25% to 81% depending on the diagnosis of the liver disease. In listed patients versus those not listed, the 1‐year survival rate was markedly better in the setting of nonbiliary cirrhosis (59% vs 15%), early graft nonfunction (80% vs 0%), and late graft dysfunction (72% vs 0%) (all P < 0.001). Among nonbiliary cirrhotic patients, hospital mortality was associated with the severity of liver disease (HE and severe cholestasis) and not being listed for transplant. In ALF, paracetamol etiology and ≥3 MARS sessions were associated with better transplant‐free survival.ConclusionOur study suggests that MARS should be mainly used as a bridge to liver transplantation. Survival was correlated with being listed for most etiologies and with the intensity of treatment in ALF.
Novel defect in phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase type 2‐alpha (PI4K2A) at the membrane‐enzyme interface is associated with metabolic cutis laxa
Authors: Mohamed Miski , Gardeitchik Thatjana , Balasubramaniam Shanti , Guerrero‐Castillo Sergio , Dalloyaux Daisy , van Kraaij Sanne , Venselaar Hanka , Hoischen Alexander , Urban Zsolt , Brandt Ulrich , Al‐Shawi Raya , Simons J. Paul , Frison Michele , Ngu Lock‐Hock , Callewaert Bert , Spelbrink Hans , Kallemeijn Wouter W. , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , Waugh Mark G. , Morava Eva , Wevers Ron A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInherited cutis laxa, or inelastic, sagging skin is a genetic condition of premature and generalised connective tissue ageing, affecting various elastic components of the extracellular matrix. Several cutis laxa syndromes are inborn errors of metabolism and lead to severe neurological symptoms. In a patient with cutis laxa, a choreoathetoid movement disorder, dysmorphic features and intellectual disability we performed exome sequencing to elucidate the underlying genetic defect. We identified the amino acid substitution R275W in phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinase type IIα, caused by a homozygous missense mutation in the PI4K2A gene. We used lipidomics, complexome profiling and functional studies to measure phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate synthesis in the patient and evaluated PI4K2A deficient mice to define a novel metabolic disorder. The R275W residue, located on the surface of the protein, is involved in forming electrostatic interactions with the membrane. The catalytic activity of PI4K2A in patient fibroblasts was severely reduced and lipid mass spectrometry showed that particular acyl‐chain pools of PI4P and PI(4,5)P2 were decreased. Phosphoinositide lipids play a major role in intracellular signalling and trafficking and regulate the balance between proliferation and apoptosis. Phosphatidylinositol 4‐kinases such as PI4K2A mediate the first step in the main metabolic pathway that generates PI4P, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3. Although neurologic involvement is common, cutis laxa has not been reported previously in metabolic defects affecting signalling. Here we describe a patient with a complex neurological phenotype, premature ageing and a mutation in PI4K2A, illustrating the importance of this enzyme in the generation of inositol lipids with particular acylation characteristics.
A novel anti‐NS2BNS3pro antibody‐based indirect ELISA test for the diagnosis of dengue virus infections
Authors: Gandikota Chaitanya , Gandhi Lekha , Maisnam Deepti , Kesavulu Muppuru Muni , Billoria Arcy , Prasad Vankayalapati Sri Venkateswara , Venkataramana Musturi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDengue virus reportedly circulates as four genetically distinct serotypes for which there is no widely accepted vaccine or drug at present. Morbidity and mortality caused by this virus are alarming for the possible increased threat to human health. A suitable diagnostic test is the prerequisite for designing and developing control measures. But, the tests being employed at present possess one or the other drawback for this disease diagnosis. During the dengue virus infections, NS2B is essential for the stability and catalytic activity of the NS3 protease. N‐terminal 185 amino acids of NS3 protease domain along with hydrophilic portion of NS2B (NS2BNS3pro) is being used to screen dengue inhibitors but not for diagnosis until now. In the present study, we have used purified NS2BNS3pro as an antigen to trap anti‐NS2BNS3pro antibodies of the clinical samples. Antibodies were detected successfully in both Western blot analysis and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. In ELISA, antibodies were detected in both primary and secondary infections of all serotypes. Interestingly, 17 samples declared as other febrile infections by NS1 and IgM/IgG tests were found to be positive in present test, which were further confirmed by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. In silico studies suggested the absence of conserved epitopes between NS2BNS3pro and the counterpart in JEV, Zika, and CHIKV, indicating less possibility of crossreaction, which was in turn confirmed by using synthetic peptides representing the above epitopes. Statistical analysis with 76% specificity, 87% sensitivity, and 95% concordance also supported the present test as a suitable test for large scale diagnosis of dengue virus infections.
Nutrition Support Team Reconsultation During Nutrition Therapy in Korea
Authors: Seol Eun‐Mi , Suh Yun‐Suhk , Ju Dal Lae , Bae Hye Jung , Kim Eunjung , Lee Hyuk‐Joon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the nutrition support team (NST) reconsultation practice and to evaluate reasons and describe risk factors for NST reconsultation during nutrition therapy (NT) in hospitalized patients.MethodsThis study included 2505 patients aged >18 years who received NT through NST consultation between January 2016 and December 2016 at Seoul National University Hospital. NST reconsultation refers to consulting the NST more than twice during a single hospitalization period. Risk factors affecting NST reconsultation were included only when NST reconsultation occurred for specific reasons other than routine evaluations.ResultsThe NST reconsultation rate was 36.4% (913/2505) with 926 reasons, including ‘changes in the nutrition provision method’ (n = 474, 51.2%), ‘NT‐related complications’ (n = 284, 30.7%), ‘routine evaluations’ (n = 137, 14.8%), and ‘discharge planing including home NT’ (n = 31, 3.3%). The reconsultation rate of enteral nutrition (EN) was 40.8% (n = 378) and that of parenteral nutrition (PN) was 59.2% (n = 548). Among the NT‐related complications, diarrhea (n = 65, 49.2%) was the most common with EN, whereas electrolyte abnormality (n = 52, 34.2%) was the most common with PN. Performance of surgery (odds ratio [OR], 2.061; P < .001), low serum albumin levels (<3 mg/dL; OR, 1.672; P < .001), presence of comorbidities (OR, 1.556; P < .001), and low body mass index (kg/m2) (<18.5; OR, 1.508; P < .001) were predictive risk factors for NST reconsultation.ConclusionsFrequent evaluation of nutrition status through a multidisciplinary NST is important in patients with these risk factors.
Biologically informed stratification of periodontal disease holds the key to achieving precision oral health
Authors: Divaris Kimon , Moss Kevin , Beck James D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMedicine and dentistry need to treat the individual not the “average patient.” This personalized or precision approach to health care involves correctly diagnosing and properly classifying people to effectively customize prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This is not a trivial undertaking. Achieving precision health requires making sense of big data, both at the population level and at the molecular level. The latter can include genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic data, and microbiome data. This biological information can augment established clinical measurements and supplement data on socioeconomic status, lifestyle, behaviors, and environmental conditions. Here, the central thesis is that, with sufficient data and appropriate methods, it is possible to segregate symptom‐based and phenotypically based categories of patients into clinically and biologically similar groups. These groups are likely to have different clinical trajectories and benefit from different treatments. Additionally, such groups are optimal for investigations seeking to unveil the genomic basis of periodontal disease susceptibility. Analysis of these complex data to produce actionable and replicable health and disease categories requires appropriately sophisticated bioinformatics approaches and thorough validation in diverse patient samples and populations. Successful research programs will need to consider both population‐level and well‐controlled deep phenotyping approaches. Biologically informed stratification of periodontal disease is both feasible and desirable. Ultimately, this approach can accelerate the development of precision health through improvements in research and clinical applications.
Late Quaternary vegetation and climate dynamics in central‐eastern Brazil: insights from a ~35k cal a bp peat record in the Cerrado biome
Authors: Horák‐Terra Ingrid , Cortizas Antonio Martínez , Da Luz Cynthia Fernandes Pinto , Silva Alexandre Christófaro , Mighall Tim , De Camargo Plínio Barbosa , Mendonça‐Filho Carlos Victor , De Oliveira Paulo Eduardo , Cruz Francisco Willian , Vidal‐Torrado Pablo 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe late Quaternary evolution of central‐eastern Brazil has been under‐researched. Questions remain as to the origin of the Cerrado, a highly endangered biome, and other types of vegetation, such as the Capões – small vegetation islands of semi‐deciduous and mountain forests. We investigated the factors that influenced the expansion and contraction of the Cerrado and Capões during the late Quaternary (last ~35 ka), using a multi‐proxy approach: stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N), geochemistry, pollen and multivariate statistics derived from a peat core (Pinheiro mire, Serra do Espinhaço Meridional). Five major shifts in precipitation, temperature, vegetation and landscape stability occurred at different timescales. Our study revealed that changes in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) seem to have been coeval with these shifts: from the Late Glacial Maximum to mid‐Holocene the SACZ remained near (~29.6 to ~16.5k cal a bp) and over (~16.5 to ~6.1 k cal a bp) the study area, providing humidity to the region. This challenges previous research which suggested that climate was drier for this time period. At present, the Capões are likely to be a remnant of a more humid climate; meanwhile, the Cerrado biome seems to have stablished in the late Holocene, after ~3.1 k cal a bp.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in children and adolescents: Primary and Relapsed disease—Experience of the Cooperative Weichteilsarkomstudiengruppe (CWS)
Authors: Krewer Julia , Rolle Udo , Koscielniak Ewa , Vokuhl Christian , Mentzel Thomas , Seitz Guido , Feuchtgruber Simone , von Kalle Thekla , Scheer Monika , Münter Marc , Bielack Stefan S. , Fuchs Joerg , Niggli Felix , Hettmer Simone , Klingebiel Thomas , Sparber‐Sauer Monika ,   CWS Study Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare low‐grade tumor. Little is known about best treatment of primary and relapsed disease (RD).MethodsTreatment and outcome of 40 patients with DFSP prospectively registered within the CWS‐96 and ‐2002P trials and the registry SoTiSaR (1996‐2016) were analysed.ResultsMedian age was 8 years (range, 0.64‐17.77). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis to detect COL1A1‐PDGFB fusion genes was positive in 86% (12/14) of evaluated patients. Primary resection was performed in all patients. Patients had IRS group I (n = 28), II (n = 9), and III (n = 2); not available (n = 1). To achieve complete remission (CR), a secondary resection was performed in 18 patients resulting in microscopically complete (R0, n = 34/40) and microscopically incomplete (R1, n = 5/40) resection. All patients achieved CR. The 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival was 86% (±12; CI, 95%) and 100% (±0; CI, 95%), respectively. R0 resection/IRS I was significantly favorable for the 5‐year EFS. Local relapse occurred after a median time of 1.1 years (range, 0.04‐5.1) in 15% (6/40) after CR. All patients with RD underwent resection and achieved CR. Three patients had fibrosarcomatous DFSP, two were alive after R0 resection.ConclusionComplete surgical resection is mandatory to prevent relapse of DFSP.
Validation and refinement of PROSASH model using the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio in patients with HCC receiving sorafenib
Authors: Casadei‐Gardini Andrea , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Dadduzio Vincenzo , Orsi Giulia , Vukotic Ranka , Rizzato Mario Domenico , Rossi Margherita , Guarneri Valeria , Lonardi Sara , D'Agostino Dario , Celsa Ciro , Rovesti Giulia , Rimini Margherita , Andreone Pietro , Zagonel Vittorina , Scartozzi Mario , Johnson Philip , Cascinu Stefano , Cucchetti Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe recently developed PROSASH model is proving to be a useful tool in risk‐group discrimination in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with sorafenib. Several studies highlighted that the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is one of the most important predictors of survival in HCC patients treated with sorafenib. The aims of the present study were to validate the PROSASH model and determine whether the incorporation of inflammatory markers can improve risk stratification. This study included 438 patients. According to the four categories of the PROSASH model, median overall survival (OS) was 20.0, 14.9, 8.5 and 3.0 months respectively (P < .001). The Harrell's c for this categorized model was 0.621. NLR (cut‐off 3) stratified OS in each of the PROSASH categories. After reclassification, median OS was 21.0, 15.1, 8.2 and 4.1 months (P < .001). The Harrell's c increased from 0.621 to 0.673 (P = .001). Integrating NLR into the PROSASH model allowed a more accurate classification of the patients in the risk groups.
Classification and syzygies of smooth projective varieties with 2‐regular structure sheaf
Authors: Kwak Sijong , Park Jinhyung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe geometric and algebraic properties of smooth projective varieties with 1‐regular structure sheaf are well understood, and the complete classification of these varieties is a classical result. The aim of this paper is to study the next case: smooth projective varieties with 2‐regular structure sheaf. First, we give a classification of such varieties using adjunction mappings. Next, under suitable conditions, we study the syzygies of section rings of those varieties to understand the structure of the Betti tables, and show a sharp bound for Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity.
Machine learning techniques for biomedical image segmentation: An overview of technical aspects and introduction to state‐of‐art applications
Authors: Seo Hyunseok , Badiei Khuzani Masoud , Vasudevan Varun , Huang Charles , Ren Hongyi , Xiao Ruoxiu , Jia Xiao , Xing Lei 
Published: May 2020

In recent years, significant progress has been made in developing more accurate and efficient machine learning algorithms for segmentation of medical and natural images. In this review article, we highlight the imperative role of machine learning algorithms in enabling efficient and accurate segmentation in the field of medical imaging. We specifically focus on several key studies pertaining to the application of machine learning methods to biomedical image segmentation. We review classical machine learning algorithms such as Markov random fields, k‐means clustering, random forest, etc. Although such classical learning models are often less accurate compared to the deep‐learning techniques, they are often more sample efficient and have a less complex structure. We also review different deep‐learning architectures, such as the artificial neural networks (ANNs), the convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and the recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and present the segmentation results attained by those learning models that were published in the past 3 yr. We highlight the successes and limitations of each machine learning paradigm. In addition, we discuss several challenges related to the training of different machine learning models, and we present some heuristics to address those challenges.
Molecular characterization of different preproGnRHs in Astyanax altiparanae (Characiformes): Effects of GnRH on female reproduction
Authors: Chehade Chayrra , Amaral Fernanda G. , Branco Giovana S. , Cassel Mônica , De Jesus Lázaro W. O. , Costa Fabiano G. , Bordin Silvana A. , Moreira Renata G. , Borella Maria I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key molecule in the initiation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Thus, knowledge about GnRH may contribute to the effectiveness of species reproduction. Using a Neotropical tetra Astyanax altiparanae as a fish model species, the GnRH forms were characterized at the molecular level and the role of injected GnRHs in vivo was evaluated. The full‐length complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences of preproGnRH2 (612 bp) and preproGnRH3 (407 bp) of A. altiparanae were obtained, and the GnRH1 form was not detected. The cDNA sequences of preproGnRH2 and preproGnRH3 were found to be conserved, but a change in the amino acid at position 8 of the GnRH3 decapeptide of A. altiparanae was observed. All the injected GnRHs stimulated lhβ messenger RNA (mRNA) expression but not fshβ mRNA expression, and only GnRH2 was able to increase maturation‐inducing steroid (MIS) levels and possibly stimulate oocyte release. Furthermore, only GnRH2 was able to start the entire reproductive hormonal cascade and induce spawning.
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
Authors: Bourgonje Arno R , Abdulle Amaal E , Timens Wim , Hillebrands Jan‐Luuk , Navis Gerjan J , Gordijn Sanne J , Bolling Marieke C , Dijkstra Gerard , Voors Adriaan A , Osterhaus Albert DME , van der Voort Peter HJ , Mulder Douwe J , van Goor Harry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAngiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been established as the functional host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus responsible for the current devastating worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). ACE2 is abundantly expressed in a variety of cells residing in many different human organs. In human physiology, ACE2 is a pivotal counter‐regulatory enzyme to ACE by the breakdown of angiotensin II, the central player in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and the main substrate of ACE2. Many factors have been associated with both altered ACE2 expression and COVID‐19 severity and progression, including age, sex, ethnicity, medication, and several co‐morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Although ACE2 is widely distributed in various human tissues and many of its determinants have been well recognised, ACE2‐expressing organs do not equally participate in COVID‐19 pathophysiology, implying that other mechanisms are involved in orchestrating cellular infection resulting in tissue damage. Reports of pathologic findings in tissue specimens of COVID‐19 patients are rapidly emerging and confirm the established role of ACE2 expression and activity in disease pathogenesis. Identifying pathologic changes caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is crucially important as it has major implications for understanding COVID‐19 pathophysiology and the development of evidence‐based treatment strategies. Currently, many interventional strategies are being explored in ongoing clinical trials, encompassing many drug classes and strategies, including antiviral drugs, biological response modifiers, and RAAS inhibitors. Ultimately, prevention is key to combat COVID‐19 and appropriate measures are being taken accordingly, including development of effective vaccines. In this review, we describe the role of ACE2 in COVID‐19 pathophysiology, including factors influencing ACE2 expression and activity in relation to COVID‐19 severity. In addition, we discuss the relevant pathological changes resulting from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Finally, we highlight a selection of potential treatment modalities for COVID‐19. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Ultrasound Measurement of Septic Shock‐induced Acute Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Tanaka Kohei , Yamada Tomoki 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundSkeletal muscle wasting progresses rapidly during critical care. However, the effect of skeletal muscle changes on physical function during intensive care remain poorly understood.ObjectiveTo examine the changes in skeletal muscle thickness of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for septic shock and the relationship between skeletal muscle thickness and physical function following intensive care.DesignLongitudinal observational study.SettingSingle emergency hospital.PatientsTen septic shock patients who were mechanically ventilated in the ICU were recruited.InterventionsNot applicable.MethodsUltrasound measurements of thickness of rectus femoris (RF) were conducted within 24 hours after admission and repeated every two days until the 14th hospital day. The correlations between TRF and various parametric data (i.e., age, severity classification, mechanically ventilated period, length of stay (LOS) at the ICU, and physical function) correlations were assessed with Pearson's product moment coefficient of correlation.Main Outcome Measure(s)Curve estimation for best fit for chronological changes in TRF with respect to the HD and the correlation between TRF and clinical indicators.ResultsEight septic shock patients were observed completely for 14 days. TRF decreased linearly by 30.6% (IQR: 23.9‐45.7) during the first 14 days. The correlation between TRF at admission and physical function at the 30th hospital day was close to significant. The TRF at the 14th hospital day was negatively correlated with disease severity and age. A positive correlation was observed between the decrease in rate of TRF and LOS at the ICU.ConclusionSkeletal muscle thickness of septic shock patients rapidly decreased in a linear manner over 14 days and may predict physical function after critical care.