bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing Challenges of the Circular Economy using Model‐Based Co‐Creation and Systems Design
Authors: Roodt Jan Hendrik , Dempers Clemens 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe circular economy (CE) is increasingly discussed as a way to address climate change and sustainability. The idea is deceptively simple to explain. It is claimed that development is led primarily by practitioners, while the rigorous scientific system design effort is mostly ignored as the pressure mounts to act in the face of climate change urgency.In 2018 Swedish and Finnish authors distilled six limits and challenges of CE. These elements were used as a boundary object to define and co‐create a simulation model environment. Reference models were introduced to develop an initial conceptual model for discussion. An international team of geographically separated researchers and practitioners used this simulation model to develop an understanding of initial requirements. The first outcomes of the approach are promising and accentuate the importance of starting early with the co‐creation effort to develop a common language and simulation models for understanding.
Bridging the Gap Between Architects, Engineers and Other Stakeholders in Complex and Multidisciplinary Systems – a Holistic, Inclusive and Interactive Design Approach
Authors: Au Joy , Ravindranath Ranjit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSystems Engineering and, in the recent decade, Model‐based Systems Engineering have been widely adopted in the realisation of numerous complex products. The intrinsic multi‐level and multidisciplinary nature of a complex system poses major challenges during the design stage particularly in the communication between stakeholders of the system who often speak different languages and assume different perspectives, for instance, product owners, architects, engineers and domain experts. An integral collaboration environment between domains and across levels is thus key to achieving efficient and high quality designs.This paper presents a holistic, inclusive and interactive design approach to integrate the communication between stakeholders in the design of complex and multidisciplinary systems. Holistic thinking is a fundamental practice in Systems Engineering that ensures the alignment of domain objectives with overall system objectives as the product matures. However, effective deployment of this approach is often hindered by the communication gap between system stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a simplified Systems Engineering framework as the basis to model the system using Object Process Methodology (Dori, 2002). The use of various interactive exploration methods and data visualisation techniques can facilitate an efficient collaborative design that promotes holistic thinking. The proposed approach targets the conceptual design phase, and incorporates valuable design insights that are usually only revealed in the later stages of design as the system is relatively more mature. This allows for the iteration cycle times during the conceptual design phase to be significantly shortened, well‐informed design decisions to be made resulting in a more accurate direction of resources to perform detailed engineering analyses and subsequent design optimisations.
Mechanisms for a Systems‐Oriented Mindset – Towards Organizational Systems Thinking
Authors: Karlsson Erik , Malvius Diana , Lindberg Mats 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper examines a set of related questions regarding the capability of organizations with decentralized, project‐focused life cycle processes and fragmented system perspectives to manage complex systems: how can communication‐focused mechanisms for envisaging, visualizing, and analyzing the system support a shift towards a systems‐oriented mindset in the organization, and; to what extent does a shift in mindset improve organizational capabilities when hierarchy, process framework, and governance model of the organization remain fixed and suboptimal? The central hypothesis explored is that a shift in mindset within the organization, by focusing on the means and ways of communication about the system, can bridge gaps and fragmentations of system perspectives and improve organizational systems thinking capabilities without a need for urgent and drastic organizational actions. A toolkit of 18 mechanisms was developed to support the transformation process from six identified and analyzed problem domains to corresponding solution domains. Results were promising, with several signs of a shift in mindset; however, the long‐term effects on the overall organizational capability remain uncertain.
Models as enablers of agility in complex systems engineering
Authors: Navas Juan , Bonnet Stéphane , Voirin Jean‐Luc , Journaux Guillaume 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComplex systems engineering programs not only deal with the inherent complexity of the systems they develop, they also face shorter time‐to‐market, increasing changes in environments and usages, and more sophisticated industrial schemes. The ability to adapt to new circumstances, or agility, becomes mandatory. In this paper we present how Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approaches can be enablers of the implementation of agility in complex systems engineering programs. Known to provide additional engineering rigor and quality, MBSE also brings key concepts favoring agility and co‐engineering.
Digital Product‐Service Systems meet Product Line Systems Engineering – The Cart before the Horse?
Authors: Chalé‐Góngora Hugo‐Guillermo , Robic Pierre‐Olivier , Beuche Danilo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of digital technologies opens the door to new business opportunities for traditional product manufacturing companies thanks to the numerous services that these technologies make possible. This trend, referred to as digital transformation, has taken over the business world in recent years. In this new technology‐enabled opportunity space, the appropriateness of traditional Product Line Systems Engineering (PLSE) practices can be questioned. This paper addresses the different challenges facing the application of PLSE to product‐service systems, including those supported by digital technologies. To meet these challenges, a conceptual framework that extends current PLSE practices in order to define a structured approach for Product‐Service Product Lines (PSPL) is proposed. The fundamental concepts behind the framework include a typology of PSPL and specific methods for architecting and engineering the PSPL (more precisely, for managing the variability of the PSPL), and for aligning the business strategies of classical product lines (i.e. tangible, physical product lines) with those of their corresponding, and less classical, service product lines. The authors believe that the proposed framework can help evolve the practice of PLSE and enhance the foundations of Systems Engineering with useful concepts.
Comparing INCOSE and PMI Portfolio Management Practices
Authors: Specking Eric , Parnell Gregory S. , Pohl Edward 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany organizations use systems engineering and project management practices. In 2011, the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) and the Project Management Institute (PMI) announced a partnership to better integrate their practices and identified several common practices. This paper focuses on portfolio management by reviewing ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 and key documentation from INCOSE and PMI. This paper 1) provides an overview of portfolio management; 2) identifies insights into portfolio management practices published by each organization; and 3) identifies areas that systems engineering organizations can enhance their portfolio management practices. We found that out of the total 2,484 reviewed pages, 6.2% contained information on portfolio management. Additionally, PMI's The Standard for Portfolio Management contains the most portfolio management information, while INCOSE's Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge contained less information. Program and project management practices help ensure that organizations do programs and projects the “right” way, portfolio management help ensure they do the “right” programs and projects, and systems engineering ensures they use the “right” systems thinking. We conclude that INCOSE should adapt more of PMI's practices on portfolio management to help systems engineers improve their portfolio management practices.
Distributed Architecture for Monitoring Urban Air Quality: A Systems Engineering Approach
Authors: Unger Adrian , Shean Dylan , da Silva Fabio G , Nguyen Jennifer , Beebe Laura B , Dewire Philip , Grzelak Stephen , McDermott Tom 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe United Nations’ environment program has selected the fight against air pollution as the topic for 2019's World Environment Day to raise the awareness of world's population for the fact that 7 million people worldwide die each year due to diseases associated to low air quality (UN Environment 2019) This paper summarizes the result of a project to support the development of a new architecture of global sensing devices for air quality and other earth science challenges. the project goal is to build a multi‐resolution unified picture of air quality using existing and potentially new technologies, allowing not only governments, but also scientists and regular citizens to contribute and have access to the information generated. This approach will potentially enhance real‐time monitoring and rapid reaction to degraded air quality events, or even better forecast events to take more efficient preventive actions. The project brought together NASA scientists and systems engineering students to conduct an initial system engineering analysis to build a high‐level system architecture. The effort helped to pave the way for further detailed engineering design and support the development of a testbed for early system verification and validation.
A Transdisciplinary Design and Implementation of Sustainable Agricultural Principles in the Waikato Region of New Zealand
Authors: van Zyl Henk , Roodt Jan Hendrik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Ministry of Primary Industries in New Zealand, per the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, prioritised “increased sustainable resource use” as a critical success factor to ensure the wellbeing of New Zealanders. The challenge for a commercial vegetable farming operation is how to embed sustainable agricultural principles in operations to ensure a thriving, financially sustainable business. Of the 17 Sustainability Development Goals, 13 involve soil one way or an‐other and Target 15 (Life on Land) relates to soil health as an integral part of sustainability.A transdisciplinary systems approach was followed in a running agricultural operation to explore links between societal wellbeing, plant health and soil health while maintaining profitability and business resilience. The business used the client and policy‐centred outcomes for the design and implementation of a thriving enterprise. It showed that increased profit is achievable utilising a combination of fertigation techniques and compost applications for onion production.
Towards an Ontology for Collaboration in System of Systems Context
Authors: Nilsson Robert , Dori Dov , Jayawant Yatin , Petnga Leonard , Kohen Hanan , Yokell Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is considerable number of architectural frameworks and standards with many pertinent definitions of concepts that are often not compatible with each other, hindering collaboration, especially in the context of System of Systems (SoS). To address this issue, we propose an ontology for SoS that uses Object Process Methodology (OPM) ISO 19450 to facilitate collaboration among organizations with focus on safety aspects. The current effort focuses on the foundational extended taxonomy that uses a minimal set of terms to model system‐ and SoS‐related concepts and relations among them to streamline collaboration among involved SoS stakeholders, with focus on safety. The ontology is illustrated through an example of a self‐parking facility.
Linking Behaviour Data to Knowledge: Contextualization and De‐Contextualization
Authors: Natarajan Swaminathan , Kumar Anand , Chaudhuri Subhrojyoti Roy , Sinha Rahul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSensor informatics provides extensive data about system behaviour, which we would ideally like to link to system models and the underlying knowledge. The nature of systems knowledge formation is that we observe the behaviour of particular systems in their context, and incrementally de‐contextualize it to arrive at formal knowledge. Conversely, the nature of engineering synthesis is that we develop and reason about the behaviour of system configurations by identifying and combining all the knowledge applicable to that particular configuration and context i.e. by successive levels of contextualization.This systems science paper proposes a conceptual framework for linking knowledge, system models and behaviour data. It inquires into the levels of system description involved, and the relationships between the levels that drive contextualization and de‐contextualization. We propose organizing knowledge about individual entities and interactions into type knowledge frames, complemented by patterns and other knowledge related to configurations. We use assume‐guarantee concepts to formulate self‐contained type knowledge frames with internal consistency relationships between structures, interactions and behaviours. We suggest how observations data can be abstracted into observable behaviour models. Together, these insights point towards the possibility of tooling support for populating knowledge frames, and creating bi‐directional relationships between behaviour data, system models and domain knowledge, based on contextualization and de‐contextualization.
Dream the future: Systems engineering in 2030
Authors: Voirin Jean‐Luc , Constant Olivier , Lépicier Eric , Maraux Frédéric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on observations on the evolving context of systems engineering in general, and the perceived consequences for the sector, this document proposes an example of a scenario of evolution and adaptation of engineering to new issues, already emerging or conceivable in the future. It then puts forward a number of capacities to be acquired in order to favor efficient adaptation of engineering to these issues, and outlines some guidelines for changing engineering practices and tools in the face of the coming challenges.
Model Integrated Decomposition and Assisted Specification (MIDAS)
Authors: Hall Brendan , Fiedor Jan , Jeppu Yogananda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMIDAS (Model Integrated Decomposition and Assisted Specification) is an innovative new approach to requirement specification. By integrating textual and intent‐based model‐assisted requirement flows, MIDAS presents a paradigm shift from prior model‐based and traditional textual requirement processes. Such a change is necessary to address the full intent of design assurance. The goal of MIDAS is to address the many challenges we have observed in applying the current model‐based certification guidance. The principal issue with interpreting the current guidance is a misplaced focus on the separation of graphical vs. textual specification rather than a clean and clear separation of design from intent. Hence, this aspect forms the core of our proposed MIDAS approach. Our intent‐based focus also mitigates the often implementation‐centric perspective of model‐based requirement flows. Our hybrid model‐based constrained language flow also addresses the weakness of informal natural language‐based specifications. Finally, MIDAS facilitates the integration of knowledge management with requirement engineering, allowing easier visualization of the full requirement context. By writing this paper, we share our observations and ideas openly to encourage feedback and collaboration with potential development partners.
A Trade Study of Requirements Software Tool Selection for a Small Aerospace Firm
Authors: Pacheco Troy , Lucero Briana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn aerospace division studied works with many sophisticated and complex aerospace projects where requirements management is a necessity. This paper represents the results of a trade study into possible software tools for requirements management across the various division programs. The study began with a survey to program leadership and systems engineers about their handlings of requirements and their use of specific requirements tools. This survey allowed for the formulation of criteria within an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) of various commercial requirements software platforms. Through the pairwise comparisons of AHP, five software tools were selected and evaluated for feasible implementation across the various division program sizes. With data from the survey and results from the AHP, this trade study suggests that Jama will most appropriately fulfill the specific needs of the division. This is based on Jama's strong performance in aspects such as security, Excel integration, and file linking.
Emergent Systemic Hierarchies and their Relevance to Project Governance
Authors: Zietsman Johan , Schutte Corne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to create an awareness of the emergent systemic hierarchies in the project environment, as well as their relevance to the design of project governance systems. A method is developed to identify the systemic hierarchy associated with the system of interest. The associated hierarchies of enabling systems and the user system are extracted.The method used to extract the systemic hierarchy stems from systemic characteristics described in the Soft Systems Methodology. A simple metaphor is used to guide the thinking in the extension of these systemic hierarchies.These resultant hierarchies provide a structured perspective of the levels in each hierarchy, the links between hierarchies as well as the emergent properties at each level in the hierarchy. Utilising the metaphor, specific work associated with each level in a hierarchy may be identified, quantified, and allocated during the initial design phase of a project organisation itself.
Is petroleum activity in the marine areas of Lofoten, Vesterålen and Senja desirable for Norway? – a case study in the oil and gas industry
Authors: Åslie Øyvind Jia‐Chen , Mansouri Mo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe discussion concerning petroleum activity in the marine areas of Lofoten, Vesterålen and Senja (LoVeSe) has characterized the Norwegian oil debate for many years. On one side you have the ones supporting Environmental Impact Assesment (EIA) (an assessment which by law has to be conducted prior to opening an area for petroleum activities) and subsequent opening for petroleum activity in the area. On the other hand, you have the ones supporting the current state in LoVeSe – to keep the untouched, spectacular nature closed for petroleum activities. This paper seeks to give insight into the discussion by describing both parties perspectives by the means of system thinking and system thinking tools. A stakeholder overview showing the main stakeholders key interests in the discussion, in addition to systemigrams illustrating their perspectives has been made.
Transferring Needs and Operational Experience from Life‐of‐Field to Engineering functions ‐ a case study from the Subsea Industry
Authors: Myhre Severin , Engen Siv , Falk Kristin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates how a company in the subsea industry are transferring needs and operational experience from Life‐of‐Fields functions to Engineering functions, to allow for more holistic life cycle design and to improve engineering solutions. The subsea industry is changing, putting more emphasis on total life‐cycle cost. In order to improve their offerings, suppliers within this industry see the need for more effective utilisation of Life‐of‐Field's needs and operational experience. Challenging communication between Life‐of‐field and Engineering affect transference of needs and operational experience, hindering engineering for life cycle. To research this problem, we investigated the operational process and made in‐depth interviews of relevant personnel at both the Engineering and Life‐of‐field functions of a global subsea supplier. We discovered that suboptimal transference of needs and operational experience between the Life‐of‐Field and Engineering functions results in added work, repetitive design issues and operational inefficiencies from project to project. We found an insufficient organisational process, low prioritisation of cross‐functional feedback together with formal tools not fit for purpose to be the predominant causes for ineffective transferring of needs and operational experience between Life‐of‐Field and the other functions. Suggestions for improving the transference of needs and operational experience are presented based on the findings and analysis.
SE Thinking and Application in Planning and Implementation of Single Window Systems
Authors: Chang LIU 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a Systems Engineering (SE) perspective on establishment of Single Window (SW) systems, highlighting the value of SE both on a Master Plan level for SW programmes and on an implementation level of the constituent systems. The author proposes that 1). in SW Master Plan stage, SE thinking could guide vision and capability alignment and project prioritization; 2). in implementation of the sub‐systems, SE technical processes should be promoted to ensure successful delivery of SW systems. The paper presents a study on Maritime Single Window (MSW) systems, with a review on the domain conventions and a case of an MSW initialization project. Further, the paper revisits the evolution of the Singapore MSW and the national SW Programme, and discusses agility and open‐source co‐development for future SW implementations. Additionally, the author recommends federation approach in SW implementations as preferable to integration approach as the current industry practice.
Systems thinking applied to find underlying problem in enterprise management of induction heating transformers
Authors: Sundet Arne Odin , Mansouri Mo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe world is more interconnected than ever which emerge new complexity for organizations and their enterprises. Systems thinking is an accepted approach to deal with the messy interconnected problems of complexity but is sometimes difficult to tailor for a real‐world problem. The paper's objective is to represent the problem using systems thinking approach. This paper focuses on applying systems thinking on a real‐world problem where the underlying problems are unknown with a case study of a transformer management system (TMS) within an enterprise of a worldwide organization (the umbrella of enterprises). The paper starts out by diversifying the use of systems thinking, systems engineering and traditional engineering to present why this approach where selected. Following is a practical methodology using interviews to find the interconnection of the enterprises and a study of the TMS's current state. The interconnections are graphically displayed through a systemigram used to bring the enterprise on “the same page”. The result of this effort is a fishbone diagram to display several possible underlying issues found to the problem, the fishbone diagram's intention is to help the enterprise for selecting what problems to focus on and their order.The paper found the systemigram as a useful tool as it promoted discussions and debate within the enterprise which resulted in a more defined problem overview. To visually display the overview, a cause‐and‐effect diagram where selected. The cause‐and‐effect diagram showed to be an efficient tool to simplify the problems and to be used for communicating them along with the systemigram.