bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism synthesis for knee rehabilitation of patients with different heights taking the ankle as reference point
Authors: Araque J , Peña C A , Moreno G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes different trajectories that different patients take when performing knee rehabilitation movements, which are flexion-extension movements in the supine position, analyzing the trajectory taking the patient’s ankle as a reference point, aiming to design a mechanism that can offer a solution to the following more than one trajectory issue, which will allow it to be used for more than one movement, in more than one patient.
Behavior of the voltage produced by an electrode in a membrane by means of the finite element method
Authors: Mesa F , Devia Narvaez D M , Correa Velez G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The spatial distribution of an electrical potential in a cell membrane subjected to an electric field was numerically obtained using an equivalent electrical circuit where the spatial variables that depend on the geometry are combined and an electrical circuit that relates the dynamics in the time of said excitation in four branches that represent the middle. It was observed that the potential decreases linearly in the geometry of the membrane due to the characteristics of the medium (sodium, potassium). On the other hand, the finite element method was developed for a two-dimensional domain that represents the geometry of a membrane, in such a way that it is possible to qualitatively analyze the behavior of the potential at any point of the membrane for an electrical pulse (electrode).
Type-2 fuzzy controller’s performance index. Case study: tank level control
Authors: Araujo J E , Diaz Rodriguez J L , Duque O M , Pardo García A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the design and implementation of type-2 fuzzy controller, through a tank level control plant as a pilot system to analyze the response using performance indexes. The controller was developed using type-2 fuzzy logic from a mathematical approach and utilizing the identification of the process through a parametric method. Additionally, a classical proportional, integral, and derivative controller was used to generate the bases for the linguistic variables required by the fuzzy controller implementation. Finally, a statistical analysis of the transient and steady-state response margins is performed, which aims to provide a numerical index of the system response performance.
Critical comparison of image analysis workflows for quantitative cell morphological evaluation in assessing cell response to biomaterials
Authors: Ravikumar K , Voigt Sven P , Kalidindi Surya R , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Quantitative image analysis is an important tool in understanding cell fate processes through the study of cell morphological changes in terms of size, shape, number, and orientation. In this context, this work explores systematically the main challenges involved in the quantitative analysis of fluorescence microscopy images and also proposes a new protocol while comparing its outcome with the widely used ImageJ analysis. It is important to mention that fluorescence microscopy is by far most widely used in biocompatibility analysis (observing cell fate changes) of implantable biomaterials. In this study, we employed two different image analyses toolsets: (a) the conventionally employed ImageJ software, and (b) a recently developed automated digital image analyses framework, called ImageMKS. While ImageJ offers a powerful toolset for image analyses, it requires sophisticated user expertise to design and iteratively refine the analyses workflow. This workflow primarily comprises a sequence of image transformations that typically involve de-noising and labeling of features. On the other hand, ImageMKS automates the image analyses protocol to a large extent, and thereby mitigates the influence of the user bias on the final results. This aspect is addressed using a case study of C2C12 mouse myoblast cells grown on poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) based polymeric substrates. In particular, we used a number of fluorescence microscopy images of these mouse myoblasts grown on PVDF-based nanobiocomposites under the influence of electric field. In addition to the MKS workflows requiring much less user time because of their automation, it was observed that ImageMKS workflows consistently produced more reliable results that correlated better with the previously reported experimental studies.
Observed rainfall changes in the past century (1901–2019) over the wettest place on Earth
Authors: Kuttippurath J , Murasingh S , Stott P A , Sarojini B Balan , Jha Madan K , Kumar P , Nair P J , Varikoden H , Raj S , Francis P A , Pandey P C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Changes in rainfall affect drinking water, river and surface runoff, soil moisture, groundwater reserve, electricity generation, agriculture production and ultimately the economy of a country. Trends in rainfall, therefore, are important for examining the impact of climate change on water resources for its planning and management. Here, as analysed from 119 years of rainfall measurements at 16 different rain gauge stations across northeast India, a significant change in the rainfall pattern is evident after the year 1973, with a decreasing trend in rainfall of about 0.42 ± 0.024 mm dec−1. The wettest place of the world has shifted from Cherrapunji (CHE) to Mawsynram (MAW) (separated by 15 km) in recent decades, consistent with long-term rainfall changes in the region. The annual mean accumulated rainfall was about 12 550 mm at MAW and 11 963 mm at CHE for the period 1989–2010, as deduced from the available measurements at MAW. The changes in the Indian Ocean temperature have a profound effect on the rainfall in the region, and the contribution from the Arabian Sea temperature and moisture is remarkable in this respect, as analysed with a multivariate regression procedure for the period 1973–2019. The changes in land cover are another important aspect of this shift in rainfall pattern, as we find a noticeable reduction in vegetation area in northeast India in the past two decades, implying the human influence on recent climate change.
Coupling of the Chemical Effects of CO and CO2 on Soot Formation in C2H4 Diffusion Flame in O2-CO2 Atmosphere
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Xiaofang , Gao Yongpan , Gu Mingyan , Lin Yuyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Previous studies found that the chemical effect of CO (CE-CO) enhances the formation of soot in laminar coflow C2H4/air diffusion flames, while the chemical effect of CO2 (CE-CO2) inhibits soot formation. The coupled CE-CO and CE-CO2 on soot formation characteristics is investigated numerically in O2-CO2 atmosphere through blending fuel flow rate with 10%, 30% and 50% CO and virtual CO (FCO) in a laminar C2H4 diffusion flame. The results show that CE-CO increases the flame temperature, while CE-CO2 is opposite; the CE-CO promotes soot formation attributed to soot oxidation process which decreases the mole fraction of OH by OH+CO↔H+CO2, while the CE-CO2 inhibits the formation of soot ascribed to the increase of OH and O2 concentration promoting soot oxidation rate and the decrease of flame temperature, mole fractions of C2H2 and H inhibiting surface growth rate. Moreover, the chemical promotion effect of CO decreases in O2-CO2 atmosphere, and the coupled CE-CO and CE-CO2 suppresses soot formation.
Research on Optimal Control of Air Conditioning in College Classroom in Summer
Authors: Yu Yuan , Yu Kezhi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Trnsys software was adopted to study the optimal control method of summer air conditioning system in college classrooms in this paper. Three schemes including schedule control, temperature control and population control were compared with each other. The simulation results show that the average temperature of the population control scheme is closest to the 26 °C for human comfort, and the mean square deviation of the temperature is also the smallest among three schemes. Energy consumption comparisons show that the total energy consumption of the population control scheme is the lowest among three schemes. Therefore, the population control scheme is considered to be the optimal control scheme in the air conditioning system of the college classrooms.
Empirical Analysis on Shandong Industrial Electricity Consumption, GDP, Industrial Goods Export and FDI in Industrial Sector
Authors: Li Bing , Zhang Zhiwei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work is to analyse relations which exist among the consumption in industrial electricity, GDP, industrial goods export and the FDI in industrial sector in Shandong. From the coefficients of VAR model, we can see once there is one per cent growth in GDP in the previous year or two will increase industrial electricity by 0.03%, and a 1 per cent growth in industrial goods export in the previous year or two will increase industrial electricity consumption by 0.2%, and a 1 per cent growth in FDI in industrial sector will increase industrial electricity consumption by 0.2%. As the Granger Causality test shows that increased industrial electricity consumption can be explained as the causes of GDP growth in Shandong. And increased FDI in industrial section can be explained as the causes by industrial electricity consumption growth. While industrial goods export and industrial electricity consumption could not be explained as the causes to the growth of each other under the study significance.
Research Status of Ni-rich Ternary Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Xie Hongyan , Jin Huixin , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Yaqing , Li Yezhu , Li Kaifeng , Bao Chongjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ternary cathode material LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2(NCM) has been widely studied as a kind of cathode material with high voltage, high theoretical capacity, good cycling performance and high thermal stability, which is one of the most popular cathode materials for lithium ion battery. Nickle-rich NCM (⩾0.5) can meet the market demand for high-specific capacity power batteries due to its high nickel content and large charge-discharge capacity, But the safety and thermal stability are poor. Therefore, this paper mainly studies how to obtain Ni-rich NCM with high specific capacity and good thermal stability from three aspects of precursor preparation, surface coating and doping.
Research and Practice on the Integrated System of Power Management and Control
Authors: Qian Jie , Jin Wei , Ye Zhihui , Wang Wenjuan , Zhang Chengting 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the power management and control system from the business architecture, technical architecture, application architecture, system integration four parts, and studies each component respectively. Through the current advanced information technology and Internet technology, the platform, covering “acquisition, simulation, early-warn, analysis, and response”, is constructed to effectively improve the level of data management and utilization, which can further improve the intelligent and lean on power management and control in cigarette industrial enterprises.
Connotations, Characteristics and New Identification Method of Leverage Measurements
Authors: Liu Youzhi , Zi Hui , Xiao Jian , Yang Chunqi , Hou Yanqiu , Lin Jikeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Accurately identifying the bad data belonging to the leverage measurements can greatly improve the precision of state estimation. In this paper, we presented the algebraic and geometric characteristics of leverage measurements and proposed a new method to accurately identify the leverage measurements. First, we proved that a measurement infinitely close to the Jacobi matrix column space will be a leverage measurement. Second, we proposed a new method for leverage measurements identification using the modified generalized potential index (GPI). Finally, two cases verified the validity of the proposed method. Compared with other methods, the new method can identify multiple leverage measurements accurately.
Research on neutral point grounding mode and single-phase earth fault location of medium voltage island microgrid
Authors: Kejian Shi , Ye Tian , Jing Wu , Guanhua Li , Haixing Qi , Zhenxin Geng , Jianyuan Xu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For medium voltage islanding microgrid, the voltage clamp of the main network neutral arc suppression coil or small resistance is lost. Multiple PTs parallel operation will occur because different entities of a microgrid independently measure the voltage. It is necessary to consider the influence of multi PTs ferroresonance on the neutral grounding mode of islanding microgrid. The neutral point ungrounded, neutral point grounded by arc suppression coil and neutral point grounded by small resistance are analyzed respectively, considering multi PTs ferroresonance and single-phase earth fault location, it is determined that the islanded microgrid adopts neutral point grounded by small resistance. On this basis, the zero sequence current distribution is used to locate the single-phase earth fault. Finally, a simulation example is built to verify the correctness of the proposed method.
Review of geothermal power generation: a case study of ORC geothermal power generation
Authors: Hongmei Yin , Chengjun Li , Yongzhen Wan , Jun Zhao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Geothermal energy is a kind of clean and renewable energy with huge resources. Geothermal power generation is a form of efficient utilization of geothermal energy. There is a big gap between the installed capacity of geothermal power generation and the new installed capacity of 500MW in the 13th five year plan. The unclear price mechanism of geothermal power generation is an important reason hindering the development of geothermal power generation. The efficiency of geothermal power generation is relatively low, and the theoretical research and technology of geothermal power generation need to be innovated. In this paper, the empirical correlation of evaporation temperature is obtained based on the cycle splitting method, and the calculation software of electric heating performance of geothermal power generation is developed. The comparison with the actual index of power station shows that the error is less than 10%. Compared with the traditional method, the calculation method based on cycle splitting method is more rapid and convenient, and the accuracy rate is more than 95%.
Sensing Behaviour of V-doped 2D MoS2 in Sarin Detection
Authors: Yangyang Wang , Huaizhang Wang , rui Yan , Ting Liang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although there are excellent properties in gas sensors, two-dimensional MoS2 (2D MoS2) has not been used in the detection of chemical agent sarin. In this paper, pure 2D MoS2 and V-doped 2D MoS2 sensors with few and multi-layers (5 and 10 layers, respectively) were prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) method. The results of gas sensing tests show that V-MoS2(5 layers) exhibits the best sensing behavior in sarin detection. The low detection limit of V-MoS2(5 layers) (0.02 mg/m3) meets the requirements of on-site identification and detection of sarin agent at trace level.
Effect evaluation of soil erosion control in Xingguo County
Authors: Jiang Keller , Liu Yuqian , Song Yushuo , Liu Guicheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Xingguo county once suffered from serious soil erosion, fragile ecological environment and extreme poverty. After 1980, Xingguo County government adopted a series of measures to control soil erosion, improve people’s life and promote economic development. After nearly 40 years of governance, Xingguo has been lifted out of poverty, and the ecological environment has changed greatly. The strategy of Xingguo County Government to control soil erosion has referenced significance. In this study, GIS technology was used to calculate the current situation of soil and water loss in Xingguo County.
Theoretical Calculation and Numerical Simulation Based on Radial Fin of Triangular Profile
Authors: Yu Wenjie , Chang Limin , Zhang Yongheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In most heat exchange equipment, in order to increase heat dissipation between solid surface and external fluid, the heat transfer surface is often made into finned form. This is because the method of increasing the surface area of the fin wall is used to reduce the heat resistance of the convective heat transfer and enhance the heat transfer. There are various types of fin wall, including straight fin, radial fin and needle fin. The radial fin of triangular profile belongs to the radial fin with variable thickness profile. Based on the theoretical calculation and numerical simulation of the excess temperature distribution and fin efficiency of the radial fin with triangular profile, the excess temperature distribution equation and the calculation formula of fin efficiency on the wall of the radial fin with triangular profile are derived, and the curve of excess temperature distribution and fin efficiency is fitted and output by MATLAB, the theoretical basis for the design and application of this kind of radial fin is provided.
Evolution of Coordination Number of Methane Hydrate Bearing Sediments during Quasi-static Shearing
Authors: Zhou Shichen , Zhou Bo , Xue Shifeng , Jia Peng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Quasi-static shearing of methane hydrate bearing sediments (MHBS) was investigated by performing numerical tests using distinct element method (DEM) so as to comprehensively understand mechanical properties of MHBS. Stress-strain response and dilation behaviour of numerical tests were presented and compared with that of physical experiments. And then an examination of the evolution of coordination number (CN) during shearing was also presented, as well as its relation to anisotropy of contact orientations. The research results led us to conclude that (i) DEM can effectively capture the main characteristics of strength and deformation of MHBS; (ii) Distribution of CN shows obvious heterogeneity which is closely associated with shear bands; (iii) The average CN has a strong correlation with total number of contacts, and could be further interpreted from the point of view of anisotropy of contact orientations;
A Preliminary Study on Signal Energy Loss and Crosstalk for Coupled Transmission Lines at 5G Frequency
Authors: Yuan Jingshuo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we built models incorporating bent high-speed signal transmission lines and study the quality of the received signal by analyzing the crosstalk between the signal lines. We established different models incorporating regularly bent, fillet, and chamfered corners to investigate their effect on signal crosstalk around 5G frequency. The time domain reflectometry and electromagnetic modes are simulated with finite element methods.
Multi-dimensional risk assessment of electricity market based on cloud model
Authors: Zhengnan Gao , Feihang Zhou , Gegentana  , Yaojie Jin , Haili Wang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aiming at various potential risks in the electricity market, this paper establishes a risk assessment index system for the electricity market from four dimensions of structural risk, operation risk, fairness risk, and behavioral risk. The analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the subjective weight of risk evaluation indicators, and the entropy method is used to determine the objective Weight, according to the least squares optimization idea to get the comprehensive weight. Then, the basic theory and calculation method of cloud model are introduced, and the standard cloud of risk level evaluation is constructed. Finally, the analysis of a calculation example shows that the risk evaluation level of the selected regional electricity market is moderate, which verifies the validity and feasibility of the model proposed.
Study of the vegetative cover of the natural monument “Mulin Dol” stow (Bol’shechernigovsky District, Samara Oblast, Russia)
Authors: Lysenko T M , Ivanova A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The “Mulin Dol” stow is a natural monument of regional significance located in the Samara Oblast (Russia). It was established in 1987 in order to protect the natural complex of upland steppes in the southeastern part of the region. The natural monument is located southwards off the Bol’shoi Irgiz River valley, on the slopes of the Siniy Syrt steppe upland, which is a part of the Obshchy Syrt highland area. This protected area is a part of the Irgiz low-plain steppe physical-geographical region of the southern type. The flora and vegetation of this area were little affected by anthropogenic changes, so it attracted our attention. In total, 311 species of higher vascular plants have been registered here as a result of the study of vegetation cover. The Fabaceae-type flora prevails, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae are dominant families. Four associations and two sub-associations, belonging to the class Festuco-Brometea, order Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipetalia lessingianae, alliance Tanaceto achilleifolii-Stipion lessingianae, have been described in accordance to the approach suggested by J. Braun-Blanquet.
On the issue of expanding the boundaries of the Natural Monument “Steppes near the Melovoe village” (Saratov Region, Russia)
Authors: Nevskiy S A , Davidenko O N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Conservation of plants species is an integral part of conserving biodiversity in general. Establishing the natural monuments is an efficient method of conserving plant diversity. The aim of this study is to substantiate the need of expanding the boundaries of the natural monument “Steppes near the Melovoe village” in the Saratov Region, Russia. Standard methods of studying plant communities and coenopopulations were applied. The study of the plant communities needing protection was based on the criteria adopted by the Saratov Region Green Data Book. The description of unique communities and plant species needing in territorial protection is given. Currently, two plant communities unique for the region and several significant reference steppe communities bearing large populations of protected plant species (Iris pumila, Convolvulus lineatus, Stipa pennata, Adonis volgensis, Hedysarum grandiflorum) are still beyond the boundaries of this natural monument.
Planktonic ciliates communities of hydrological natural monuments of the Southern Urals, the Lake Kandrykul and the Lake Aslykul, Russia
Authors: Bykova S V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A comparative analysis of communities of plankton ciliates has been performed for two large clear-water, slightly alkaline lakes belonging to the hydrological natural monuments of the Southern Urals (Russia). The fauna of ciliates was typical for most oligo-mesotrophic reservoirs. However, in addition to tintinnids and strombidiids, small species of the genera Balanion, Urotricha, and Askenasia had higher abundance in the Lake Kandrykul, and large colonial Epicarchesium pectinatum, in the Lake Aslykul. In general, the ciliates abundance in the lakes did not exceed 789 Cells L1 and 8,978 Cells L1, the biomass, 45 mg m−3 and 70 mg m−3, respectively. The Lake Aslykul had higher water mineralization, a greater presence of mineral suspension, and a smaller area overgrown by higher aquatic vegetation; it was characterized by poor species composition, low taxonomic and structural diversity, and lower abundance and biomass of ciliates. The heterogeneity of the lake structural characteristics was less expressed in the Lake Kandrykul, due to the underwater associations of submerged aquatic plants, which smoothed the differences between ciliates communities in different ecotopes. The mixotrophic ciliates in both lakes contributed 20-25% of total abundance and 13-44% of total biomass. The degree of organic pollution corresponded to the (3-mesosaprobic in both lakes as followed by saprobity indicator species.