bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast and Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes by Palladium Nanoparticles Sandwiched in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Choe Kwanghak , Zheng Fengbin , Wang Hui , Yuan Yi , Zhao Wenshi , Xue Guangxin , Qiu Xueying , Ri Myonghak , Shi Xinghua , Wang Yinglong , Li Guodong , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe semihydrogenation of alkynes into alkenes rather than alkanes is of great importance in the chemical industry. Unfortunately, state‐of‐the‐art heterogeneous catalysts hardly achieve high turnover frequencies (TOFs) simultaneously with almost full conversion, excellent selectivity, and good stability. Here, we used metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) containing Zr metal nodes (“UiO”) with tunable wettability and electron‐withdrawing ability as activity accelerators for the semihydrogenation of alkynes catalyzed by sandwiched palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). Impressively, the porous hydrophobic UiO support not only leads to an enrichment of phenylacetylene around the Pd NPs but also renders the Pd surfaces more electron‐deficient, which leads to a remarkable catalysis performance, including an exceptionally high TOF of 13835 h−1, 100 % phenylacetylene conversion 93.1 % selectivity towards styrene, and no activity decay after successive catalytic cycles. The strategy of using molecularly tailored supports is universal for boosting the selective semihydrogenation of various terminal and internal alkynes.
Greener Dye Synthesis: Continuous, Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Commodity Perylene Diimides by Twin‐Screw Extrusion
Authors: Cao Qun , Crawford Deborah E. , Shi Chengcheng , James Stuart L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA continuous, scalable, and solvent‐free method for the synthesis of various naphthalic imides and perylene diimides (PDIs) using twin‐screw extrusion (TSE) is reported. Using TSE, naphthalic imides were obtained quantitatively without the need for excess amine reactant or product purification. With good functional‐group tolerance, alkyl and benzyl amine derived PDIs (incl. commercial dyes) were obtained in 50–99 % yield. Use of K2CO3, enabled synthesis of more difficult aniline‐derived PDIs. Furthermore, an automated continuous TSE process for Pigments Black 31 and 32 is demonstrated, with a throughput rate of about 1500 g day−1, corresponding to a space time yield of about 30×103 kg m−3 day−1, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than for solvent‐based batch methods. These methods provide substantial waste reductions and improved efficiency compared to conventional solvent‐based methods.
Initiation of Protein Synthesis with Non‐Canonical Amino Acids In Vivo
Authors: Tharp Jeffery M. , Ad Omer , Amikura Kazuaki , Ward Fred R. , Garcia Emma M. , Cate Jamie H. D. , Schepartz Alanna , Söll Dieter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBy transplanting identity elements into E. coli tRNAfMet, we have engineered an orthogonal initiator tRNA (itRNATy2) that is a substrate for Methanocaldococcus jannaschii TyrRS. We demonstrate that itRNATy2 can initiate translation in vivo with aromatic non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) bearing diverse sidechains. Although the initial system suffered from low yields, deleting redundant copies of tRNAfMet from the genome afforded an E. coli strain in which the efficiency of non‐canonical initiation equals elongation. With this improved system we produced a protein containing two distinct ncAAs at the first and second positions, an initial step towards producing completely unnatural polypeptides in vivo. This work provides a valuable tool to synthetic biology and demonstrates remarkable versatility of the E. coli translational machinery for initiation with ncAAs in vivo.
The effect of tetrathionate on the anodic process of gold thiosulfate leaching
Authors: Nie Yanhe , Yang Lei , Wang Qiang , Zi Futing , Shi Changliang , Yu Hong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe mechanism that tetrathionates retarded gold dissolution during the anodic process of gold thiosulfate leaching was studied with the help of electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques. The results show that the reduction in gold dissolution did not originate from the increase of a passive layer on the surface. When the gold electrode was controlled at 0.25 V, the topography of the gold surface and element composition in the tetrathionate‐supplemented solution is not easily distinguishable from that in the thiosulfate solution. The addition of tetrathionate in the thiosulfate solution reduces gold dissolution. This phenomenon is caused by the decrease in thiosulfate concentration at the gold interface. And the gold interface composition was also changed due to the presence of tetrathionate.
Classifying the sense of community trajectories among South Korea adolescents
Authors: Yoo Changmin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe examined the longitudinal patterns of the sense of community among the middle and the late adolescents. For this purpose, we used the latent class growth analysis to explore the trajectories of the sense of community, and multinomial logistic regression was conducted to identify the significant predictors. The data for this study were taken from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey from 2010 to 2016. The major findings are as follows. First, three latent classes were identified: low‐, middle‐, and high‐level increasing group. Gender, mobile phone addiction, parental affection, household income, peer and teacher relationship, and school activities were significantly associated with the latent classes. On the basis of the results, implications with suggestions for future research were discussed.
Coevolution of the Activity and Thermostability of an ϵ‐Keto Ester Reductase for Better Synthesis of an (R)‐α‐Lipoic Acid Precursor
Authors: Xu Yao , Chen Qi , Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Xu Jian‐He , Zheng Gao‐Wei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, we have identified a significantly improved variant (S131Y/Q252I) of the natural ϵ‐keto ester reductase CpAR2 from Candida parapsilosis for efficiently manufacturing (R)‐8‐chloro‐6‐hydroxyoctanoic acid [(R)‐ECHO] through co‐evolution of activity and thermostability. The activity of the variant CpAR2S131Y/Q252I towards the ϵ‐keto ester ethyl 8‐chloro‐6‐oxooctanoate was improved to 214 U mg−1—from 120 U mg−1 in the case of the wild‐type enzyme (CpAR2WT)—and the half‐deactivating temperature (T50, for 15 min incubation) was simultaneously increased by 2.3 °C in relation to that of CpAR2WT. Consequently, only 2 g L−1 of lyophilized E. coli cells harboring CpAR2S131Y/Q252I and a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) were required in order to achieve productivity similar to that obtained in our previous work, under optimized reaction conditions (530 g L−1 d−1). This result demonstrated a more economical and efficient process for the production of the key (R)‐α‐lipoic acid intermediate ethyl 8‐chloro‐6‐oxooctanoate.
Polyvinyl Alcohol/Alginate/Zeolite Nanohybrid for Removal of Metals
Authors: Tabatabaeefar Amin , Keshtkar Ali Reza , Talebi Marzieh , Abolghasemi Hossain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA novel polyvinyl alcohol/alginate/zeolite nanohybrid adsorbent for the adsorption of Ni(II) and Co(II) metal ions was prepared by the casting method. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy as well as Barrett‐Joyner‐Halenda and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analyses. The optimum adsorption conditions in terms of content of zeolite nanoparticles, adsorbent dosage, and initial pH were determined. The kinetic data for both ions were well described by the double‐exponential kinetic model. The obtained Langmuir maximum adsorption capacities of Ni(II) and Co(II) metal ions were 81.51 and 79.58 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption/desorption experiments showed a good performance after 5 cycles of adsorption.
Evaluating Electron‐Transfer Reactivity of Complexes of Actinides in +2 and +3 Oxidation States by using EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Moehring Samuel A. , Evans William J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe possibility that the relative reactivity of complexes of actinide metals in the +2 and +3 oxidation states could be investigated by examining reactions between AnIII and AnII species of Th and U with rare‐earth metal reagents that provide EPR confirmation of electron transfer reactivity has been explored. Neither Cp’’3ThIII nor Cp’’3UIII will reduce Cp’’3LaIII or Cp’3YIII (Cp’=C5H4SiMe3, Cp’’=C5H3(SiMe3)2). However, both [K(2.2.2‐cryptand)][Cp’’3ThII] and [K(2.2.2‐cryptand)][Cp’’3UII] reduce Cp’’3LaIII and Cp’3YIII to form [Cp’’3LaII]1− and [Cp’3YII]1−, respectively, which were identified by EPR spectroscopy. The reverse reactions also occur which indicates that the reduction potentials are similar. [Cp’’3LaII]1− reduces Cp’3YIII and the reverse YII/LaIII combination also occurs. In both cases, the reactions generate EPR spectra indicative of multiple species in the mixtures of LaII and YII, which is consistent with ligand exchange and demonstrates that numerous heteroleptic complexes of these LnII ions exist.
Palliative cardiovascular care: The right patient at the right time
Authors: Sullivan Mark F. , Kirkpatrick James N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the increasingly complex world of modern medicine, relationship‐centered, team‐based care is important in geriatric cardiology. Palliative cardiovascular care plays a central role in defining the scope and timing of medical therapies and in coordinating symptom‐targeted care in line with patient wishes, values, and preferences. Palliative care addresses advance care planning, symptom relief and caregiver/family support and seeks to ameliorate all forms of suffering, including physical, psychological, and spiritual. Although palliative care grew out of the hospice movement and has traditionally been associated with care at the end of life, the current model acknowledges that palliative care can be delivered concurrent with invasive, life‐prolonging interventions. As the population ages, patients with serious cardiovascular disease increasingly suffer from noncardiac, multimorbid conditions and become eligible for interventions that palliate symptoms but also prolong life. Management of implanted cardiac support devices at the end of life, whether rhythm management devices or mechanical circulatory support devices, can involve a host of complexities in decisions to deactivate, timing of deactivation and even the mechanics of deactivation. Studies on palliative care interventions have demonstrated clear improvements in quality of life and are more mixed on life prolongation and cost savings. There is and will remain a dearth of clinicians with specialist palliative care training. Therefore, cardiovascular clinicians have a role to play in provision of practical, “primary” palliative care.
Peroxymonosulfate Improves the Activity and Stability of Manganese Oxide for Oxidation of Arsenite to Arsenate
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhang Fen , Hou Jingtao , Hartley William 
Published: December 2019

AbstractManganese oxide has been widely investigated for oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)) due to its high redox potential; however, it becomes extremely unstable after reuse. Here, As(III) oxidation activity and stability of manganese oxide in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is investigated. Batch experimental results reveal that manganese oxide/PMS exhibits high catalytic activity for As(III) oxidation compared to manganese oxide or PMS alone. Addition of PMS to manganese oxide not only reveals long‐term stability for As(III) oxidation, but also shows high As(III) oxidation activity in the presence of coexisting ions such as As(V) and phosphate. Quenching tests reveal that As(III) oxidation in the manganese oxide/PMS system is attributed to activation of PMS by manganese oxide at different oxidation states (Mn(III) and Mn(IV)), and the generation of sulfate radicals that are responsible for As(III) oxidation.
A guide to behavioural experiments in bipolar disorder
Authors: Palmier‐Claus Jasper , Wright Kim , Mansell Warren , Bowe Samantha , Lobban Fiona , Tyler Elizabeth , Lodge Christopher , Jones Steve 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBehavioural experiments are an important component of cognitive–behavioural therapy. However, there exists little up‐to‐date guidance on how to conduct these in people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. This paper provides recommendations on how to conduct behavioural experiments in this population. The aim is to upskill and empower clinicians to conduct behavioural experiments. The paper combines the expertise of senior clinicians working in the United Kingdom. The article starts by providing general advice on conducting behavioural experiments in people with bipolar disorder. It then offers specific examples of behavioural experiments targeting cognitions around the uncontrollability and danger of affective states, and related behavioural strategies, which have been implicated in the maintenance of bipolar mood swings. The article finishes by providing examples of behavioural experiments for non‐mood related difficulties that commonly occur with bipolar experiences including perfectionistic thinking, need for approval, and intrusive memories. Behavioural experiments offer a useful therapeutic technique for instigating cognitive and behavioural change in bipolar disorder. Conducted sensitively and collaboratively, in line with people's recovery‐focused goals, behavioural experiments can be used to overcome mood‐ and non‐mood related difficulties.
Multitier heterogeneous network using stochastic geometry and factorial moment approaches
Authors: Fadoul Moubachir Madani 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe rapid growth of small cells is driving cellular network toward randomness and heterogeneity. Usually, cellular networks are modeled by placing each tier (eg, macro, pico, and relay nodes) deterministically on a grid. In such a heterogeneous cellular network, the rational approach to characterize the base stations (BSs), user, and relay locations is by using random spatial models. When calculating the metric performances such as coverage probability, these networks are idealized without consideration of interference. Therefore, interference modeling remains the key issue for the deployment of small cells. This paper developed a single and multitier cellular network model that captures the downlink heterogeneous cellular network with variable parameters such as the target signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR), transmitted power, and deployment density. In particular, we model
‐tier transmission and compare it with a single‐tier and traditional grid model to obtain tractable coverage probability using stochastic geometry and factorial moment. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness and analytical tractability to study the heterogeneous performance.
Rock damage evolution model of pulsating fracturing based on energy evolution theory
Authors: Li Yuwei , Zhao Yudong , Tang Jizhou , Zhang Liyuan , Zhou Yuyang , Zhu Xiuyu , Jia Dan , Chen Mian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPulsating fracturing, as a new technology for unconventional oil and gas exploration, enables to enhance stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) effectively, which further helps to improve well performance. It is of great importance for the evaluation of fracturing performance and optimization of fracturing parameters by accurately calculating variables from formation impairment during pulsating fracturing treatment. Based on the principle of conservation of energy, a novel theoretical model describing the evolution of rock damage was proposed by analyzing energy evolutionary characteristics from the hysteresis loop of rock stress‐strain curve while the treatment. This model was in a good agreement with experimental data. In this paper, our study indicates that the rock damage is caused by the accumulation of damage in each cyclic loading and unloading process during pulsating fracturing. Moreover, the cumulative rock damage would increase with the increment of the number of cyclic loading and unloading. Conversely, the rock strength is negatively correlated with cyclic number. The cumulative damage variable approximates to one as the rock breaks. Additionally, the frequency and the stress level of pulsating fracturing have an obvious impact on the evolution of rock damage. The optimization of these parameters can help to accelerate the rock damage and reduce the corresponding rock strength. The speed of rock damage can be accelerated with the enhancement of the stress level at the later period of the step loading, which facilitates the increment of cumulative damage variable. Our new model provides a guideline for predicting the initial rock damage during pulsating treatment.
Morphological signatures of deglaciation and postglacial sedimentary processes in a deep fjord‐lake (Grand Lake, Labrador)
Authors: Trottier Annie‐Pier , Lajeunesse Patrick , Gagnon‐Poiré Antoine , Francus Pierre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHigh‐resolution multibeam bathymetric data and acoustic sub‐bottom profiles were recently collected in Grand Lake (Labrador), one of the deepest lake basins in eastern North America, to reconstruct: (1) the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) west of Lake Melville and (2) the history of sedimentation since deglaciation in this 54 km‐long, 3 km‐wide fjord‐lake. Our results provide a morphostratigraphical framework that brings new insights to the style and pattern of retreat of the LIS in the region, as well as deglacial and postglacial sedimentary dynamics. Terrestrial glacial lineations observed on a digital elevation model (DEM) provide evidence of a previously undocumented ice stream in the Grand Lake area. This newly mapped ice stream suggests that the calving bay formed in Lake Melville triggered a reorganization of the regional drainage pattern of the LIS. The sedimentary infill of Grand Lake consists of a sequence of deglacial to postglacial sediments that contain deposits related to a series of mass movements. The 8.2 cal ka BP cold event is recorded in Grand Lake by a series of closely spaced moraines deposited at the outlet of the fjord‐lake to form a morainic complex similar to the Cockburn morainic complex on Baffin Island. During deglaciation, a dense dendritic network of proglacial gullies incised into the steep sidewalls of the lake. Since deglaciation, paraglacial and postglacial sedimentation has led to the deposition of large prograding deltas at the fjord head, where density currents remain active today and have formed a series of sediment waves on the frontal slopes and a prodeltaic environment. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of packed bed solar air heaters—A thermo‐hydraulic approach
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , Rajak Dipen K. , Kumar Ravinder 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present work deals with the thermo‐hydraulic optimization of solar heater with packed bed duct. Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of solar air heater have been analyzed to obtain optimal performance. The use of porous material in packed bed duct of solar air heater shows as an efficient method to enhance the thermal efficiency of solar air heaters. However, the use of packed bed results in higher friction factor requiring more pumping power, due to which, there is a need of optimization of the system to obtain maximum benefit from the packed bed. The present investigation has been emphasized on heat transfer and friction characteristics of solar air heater, provided with packed bed duct. Under thermo‐hydraulic consideration, relationship between system and operating parameters resulting in optimum performance has been developed, that can be utilized for the design of such thermo‐hydraulic optimized system. It is concluded that the enhancement factor slightly decreases with the increase in values of temperature rise parameter for every set of bed depth to packing element size ratios. For every set of bed depth to packing element size ratios, the maximum values of enhancement factors attains at (X1 = 0.009, X3 = 0.6), gives the optimal condition.
Bridging Divides and Creating Opportunities in International Evaluation Consulting
Authors: Junge Nils , Negroustoueva Svetlana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDemand for evaluators in the international development evaluation field is high and opportunities for rewarding work abound. Yet, as part of their activities, evaluation consultants working internationally must constantly grapple with divides of geography, language, culture, gender, privilege, and power. This chapter presents the international consultant profile and context on evaluation in international development. The authors discuss common competencies used and required by international evaluation consultants. A discussion covers the different boundaries, or divides, that consultants must navigate, and how overcoming them is a way of building bridges and trust, increasing the effectiveness of evaluations in international settings, and enhancing evaluators’ practice, both professionally and personally. The authors present multiple examples of sociocultural and politically sensitive circumstances to illustrate divides previously encountered. They draw on 30 years of experience in international development and evaluation in over fifty countries across six continents.
Die Verwendung von bioabbaubaren Polyestern in saisonalen Geotextilien
Authors: Prambauer Martina , Burgstaller Christoph , Eicher Manuel , Hofmann Helene 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSaisonale Geotextilien werden in speziellen Anwendungsfällen eingesetzt, bei denen ein Abbau des Materials nach einer gewissen Zeit erwünscht ist. Hierbei handelt es sich meist um Begrünungshilfen und temporären Erosionsschutz. In dieser Arbeit wurden bioabbaubare Polyester verwendet, die als Ersatzmaterialien für konventionelle Kunststoffe in Geotextilien in Betracht gezogen werden können. Es wurden Fasern aus vier verschiedenen Biokunststoffen hergestellt und die mechanischen Eigenschaften mit PP‐Fasern verglichen. Die Kurzzeitstabilität wurde über einen Schnellbewitterungstest untersucht, wobei Blendfasern, bestehend aus zwei verschiedenen Biokunststoffen, besonders vielversprechend abschnitten. Im Anschluss wurden die erzeugten Fasern zu Vliesen gepresst, um versuchsweise Geotextilien herzustellen.
Introducing the Bank of Canada staff economic projections database
Authors: Champagne Julien , Poulin‐Bellisle Guillaume , Sekkel Rodrigo 
Published: December 2019

SummaryWe present a new, publicly available database of real‐time data and forecasts from the Bank of Canada's staff economic projections, which will be updated on an annual basis. We describe the data construct, its variables, coverage, and frequency. We then provide a forecast evaluation for gross domestic product (GDP) growth, consumer price index (CPI) inflation and the policy rate since 1982: We compare the staff's forecasts with those from commonly used time series models estimated with the real‐time data, and with forecasts from other professional forecasters, and provide standard bias tests. Finally, we study changes in predictability of the Canadian economy following the announcement of the inflation‐targeting regime in 1991. Our data set is unprecedented outside the USA, and our evidence is particularly interesting, as it covers over 30 years of staff forecasts, two severe recessions, and different monetary policy regimes.