bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile fabrication of elastic, macro‐porous, and fast vascularized silicone orbital implant
Authors: Xu Peifang , Cao Jing , Feng Xue , Gao Qi , Lee Sang Yeul , Ye Juan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrbital implants with interconnected porous architecture had gained prominence, as they were capable of being colonized by fibrovascular tissue and minimizing complications. However, mechanical properties of orbital implant had received little attention among existing design philosophy. Herein, a compliant porous silicone scaffold was developed by gelatin porogen‐leaching method and used as the orbital implant in this study. The silicone scaffolds exhibited desired microstructure and simulated mechanical properties, including high porosity of ~90%, suitable pore size of 280–450 μm, reduced modulus of 50.1 ± 11.7 KPa, and excellent elasticity. in vitro results showed that the porous silicone scaffolds did not exhibit noticeable cytotoxicity and were favorable for both adhesion and proliferation of human vascular ECs. The porous silicone scaffold was easy to be manipulated when implanted into the anophthalmic sockets of rabbits. The implanted scaffolds provided satisfactory volume replacement and induced extensive fibro‐vascularization, showing desirable orbital reconstruction effects. Therefore, our novel porous silicone scaffolds may be promising substitutes for current orbital implants.
The Canadian genetic counseling workforce: Perspectives from employers and recent graduates
Authors: Costa Taylor , Gillies Brittany , Oh Tracey , Scott Jenna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a lack of literature devoted to the Canadian genetic counseling workforce. Current and prospective genetic counseling students, graduates, employers, programs, and funding agencies remain largely uninformed of trends in the job market. The purpose of this study was to investigate the employment experiences of recent Canadian genetic counseling graduates and employers of genetic counselors (GCs) in Canada. An online survey was distributed to Canadians who had graduated from North American genetic counseling programs from 2014 to 2018 and to employers with experience hiring patient‐facing genetic counselors from 2016 to 2018. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and, where appropriate, logistic regression. Qualitative data were reviewed to illustrate and support the quantitative data. Half of the employer responders (11/22) reported hiring more or many more genetic counselors compared to 3 years ago (2016), and a majority (n = 19, 86%) reported a desire to hire at least one more genetic counselor if funding were available. Most graduates (45/70, 64%) reported securing employment before graduation, 33% (n = 23) within 6 months of graduation, and no one taking longer than 1 year. For recent graduates, location was the most important factor when looking for work, and those who chose to work in Canada experienced significantly more challenges gaining employment as opposed to those who worked internationally (p = 0.03). The specialties in highest demand for genetic counselors and the most common areas of practice for recent graduates included adult general genetics, prenatal genetics, and cancer genetics. Overall, our findings suggest that there is a growth of employment opportunities in Canada and more employer‐reported need for clinical genetic counselors; however, there is a lack of funding to support this expansion.
Assessing clinical education tools for expanded carrier screening
Authors: Dugger Chloe , Anderson Hannah S. , Miller Christine E. , Wong Bob , Johnson Erin P. , Rothwell Erin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExpanded carrier screening (ECS) is increasingly offered to a broader population and raises challenges of how to best educate and counsel the volume of screened individuals. For this study, we compared three educational tools (brochure, video and comic) about ECS on knowledge and decision making. A convenience online sample of 151 pregnant women was randomized to one of three groups (Video, n = 42; Comic n = 54; Brochure n = 55). Knowledge scores were significantly higher for the comic group compared to the video or the brochure groups (p < .001). No significant differences in preparation for decision making, decisional conflict, or perceptions of shared decision making were identified between the study groups. This study suggests that a comic about ECS may improve patient attention and retention of information. The use of graphic narratives may enable individuals to better understand medical information in general.
Rapid genome‐wide sequencing in a neonatal intensive care unit: A retrospective qualitative exploration of parental experiences
Authors: Aldridge Caitlin E. , Osiovich Horacio , (Hal) Siden Harold ,   RAPIDOMICS Study,   GenCOUNSEL Study, Elliott Alison M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGenome‐wide sequencing (GWS) is increasingly being used in neonatal intensive care units. While studies have explored its clinical utility, little is known about parental experiences with this testing post‐return of results. We conducted a qualitative study, using an interpretive description framework and thematic analysis, to gain further insight into parents’ perceptions of the value and utility of GWS for their infant. We sought to explore whether parents’ perceptions differ if their child received a diagnosis or not, and whether their child is living or deceased. Semi‐structured, telephone interviews were conducted with parents of infants who had rapid exome sequencing while in the neonatal intensive care unit at BC Women's Hospital in Vancouver, Canada. Interviews addressed perceived benefits and harms of GWS and included an evaluation of decisional regret. Parents of 27 probands were approached and 14 (52%; 13 mothers and 1 father) participated in interviews. On average, 26 months had elapsed from the time of results to the interview. Six themes were identified. Firstly, parents had a positive regard for GWS. The results of GWS helped provide context for their child's admission to the NICU, and all parents experienced relief following receiving the results. A diagnosis by GWS enabled parents to picture the future, form connections with other parents, and coordinate their child's care. Lastly, some parents experienced discomfort with the concept of a genetic diagnosis, and interestingly felt lack of a genomic diagnosis indicated a reduced severity of their infant's condition. Decisional regret post‐results was found to be low. Our results highlight how parents cope with the results of GWS and suggest that a genetic counselor can have an important role in helping families understand and adjust to these results in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Improved Characterization of Diffusion in Normal and Cancerous Prostate Tissue Through Optimization of Multicompartmental Signal Models
Authors: Conlin Christopher C. , Feng Christine H. , Rodriguez‐Soto Ana E. , Karunamuni Roshan A. , Kuperman Joshua M. , Holland Dominic , Rakow‐Penner Rebecca , Hahn Michael E. , Seibert Tyler M. , Dale Anders M. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundMulticompartmental modeling outperforms conventional diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in the assessment of prostate cancer. Optimized multicompartmental models could further improve the detection and characterization of prostate cancer.PurposeTo optimize multicompartmental signal models and apply them to study diffusion in normal and cancerous prostate tissue in vivo.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsForty‐six patients who underwent MRI examination for suspected prostate cancer; 23 had prostate cancer and 23 had no detectable cancer.Field Strength/Sequence3T multishell diffusion‐weighted sequence.AssessmentMulticompartmental models with 2–5 tissue compartments were fit to DWI data from the prostate to determine optimal compartmental apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs). These ADCs were used to compute signal contributions from the different compartments. The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and model‐fitting residuals were calculated to quantify model complexity and goodness‐of‐fit. Tumor contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and tumor‐to‐background signal intensity ratio (SIR) were computed for conventional DWI and multicompartmental signal‐contribution maps.Statistical TestsAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) and two‐sample t‐tests (α = 0.05) were used to compare fitting residuals between prostate regions and between multicompartmental models. T‐tests (α = 0.05) were also used to assess differences in compartmental signal‐fraction between tissue types and CNR/SIR between conventional DWI and multicompartmental models.ResultsThe lowest BIC was observed from the 4‐compartment model, with optimal ADCs of 5.2e‐4, 1.9e‐3, 3.0e‐3, and >3.0e‐2 mm2/sec. Fitting residuals from multicompartmental models were significantly lower than from conventional ADC mapping (P < 0.05). Residuals were lowest in the peripheral zone and highest in tumors. Tumor tissue showed the largest reduction in fitting residual by increasing model order. Tumors had a greater proportion of signal from compartment 1 than normal tissue (P < 0.05). Tumor CNR and SIR were greater on compartment‐1 signal maps than conventional DWI (P < 0.05) and increased with model order.Data ConclusionThe 4‐compartment signal model best described diffusion in the prostate. Compartmental signal contributions revealed by this model may improve assessment of prostate cancer.Level of Evidence 3Technical Efficacy Stage 3J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:628–639.
Bioökonomie: Aus Resten schöpfen
Authors: Riedel Sebastian L. , Junne Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnaerobe Gärverfahren mit anschließenden Reinkulturprozessen erzeugen Chemikalien aus biogenen Rohstoffen. Beispiel für ein Kreislaufwirtschaftskonzept ist biologisch abbaubares Plastik aus Abfallfetten. Das Verfahren lässt sich modifizieren, um bestimmte Eigenschaften zu erzielen. Die Nutzung von Reststoffen erzeugt regionale Stoffkreisläufe.
Bild ohne Spiegelbild
Authors: Vilotijevic Ivan , Duong Michael , Lange Markus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDie enantiokonvergente Katalyse ermöglicht, aus racemischen Edukten enantiomerenangereicherte Verbindungen herzustellen. Anders als die kinetische Racematspaltung basiert sie auf alten Konzepten und neuen Methoden, die Ausbeuten über 50 Prozent liefern.
Vom Magnesium zum Haber‐Bosch‐Verfahren
Authors: Dittmer Mareike , Homeyer Marc Sören , Duvinage Brigitte 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFür die Ammoniaksynthese, so wie sie Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts als großtechnischer Prozess entwickelt wurde, gibt es Modellexperimente. Diese lassen Lernende auch die historische Entwicklung nachvollziehen.
Biogene Produkte: Guter Geschmack aus Holz
Authors: Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Breiner Manuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBei der petrochemischen Vanillinproduktion entstehen giftige Abfälle. Ohne sie stellt ein elektrochemisches Verfahren die Aromachemikalie in hoher Qualität her. Und das aus Lignin, das aus Nebenströmen der Zellstoffindustrie stammt.
Ein Faible für Kolloide
Authors: Reschetilowski Wladimir , Beyer Lothar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlfred Lottermoser, dessen 150. Geburtstag und 75. Todestag in diesem Jahr begangen werden, gehört zu den Pionieren der Kolloidchemie. Das erste Institut für Kolloidchemie in Deutschland – gegründet an der TH Dresden im Jahr 1923 – geht auf seine Initiative zurück.
Magnetische Wechselwirkungen quantenchemisch charakterisieren, Trendbericht Theoretische Chemie 2020, Teil 2
Authors: Krewald Vera 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBedingt durch die steigende Relevanz elektronischer Resonanzen gewinnen nichthermitesche Methoden zunehmende Bedeutung für die Quantenchemie. Außerdem: Da magnetische Wechselwirkungen jenseits des Ferromagnetismus komplex sein können, ist ein Verständnis für die zugrundeliegenden physikalischen Prinzipien und chemischen Konzepte zu entwickeln. Dabei helfen beispielsweise Dichtefunktionaltheorie und Multireferenzmethoden. Und um die Spinzustände zu analysieren, die aus magnetischer Kopplung entstehen, eignen sich etwa Orbitalentropiemaße.
Quantendynamik offener Systeme, Trendbericht Theoretische Chemie 2020, Teil 3
Authors: Fingerhut Benjamin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBedingt durch die steigende Relevanz elektronischer Resonanzen gewinnen nichthermitesche Methoden zunehmende Bedeutung für die Quantenchemie. Außerdem: Da magnetische Wechselwirkungen jenseits des Ferromagnetismus komplex sein können, ist ein Verständnis für die zugrundeliegenden physikalischen Prinzipien und chemischen Konzepte zu entwickeln. Dabei helfen beispielsweise Dichtefunktionaltheorie und Multireferenzmethoden. Und um die Spinzustände zu analysieren, die aus magnetischer Kopplung entstehen, eignen sich etwa Orbitalentropiemaße.
Fair teilen
Authors: Dyga Marco , Rudolphi Felix , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDas Repositorium Sciflection ermöglicht es, Experimente und Analytikdaten per Mausklick aus einem elektronischen Laborjournal zu veröffentlichen. Wie die Datenbank Scifinder enthält es eine strukturintelligente Suchfunktion.
Immunosuppression trends in solid organ transplantation: The future of individualization, monitoring, and management
Authors: Pilch Nicole A. , Bowman Lyndsey J. , Taber David J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmunosuppression regimens used in solid organ transplant have evolved significantly over the past 70 years in the United States. Early immunosuppression and targets for allograft success were measured by incidence and severity of allograft rejection and 1‐year patient survival. The limited number of agents, infancy of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching techniques and lack of understanding of immunoreactivity limited the early development of effective regimens. The 1980s and 1990s saw incredible advancements in these areas, with acute rejection rates halving in a short span of time. However, the constant struggle to achieve the optimal balance between under‐ and overimmunosuppression is weaved throughout the history of transplant immunosuppression. The aim of this paper is to discuss the different eras of immunosuppression and highlight the important milestones that were achieved while also discussing this in the context of rational agent selection and regimen design. This discussion sets the stage for how we can achieve optimal long‐term outcomes during the next era of immunosuppression, which will move from universal protocols to patient‐specific optimization.
Ethanol‐soluble proteins from the royal jelly of Xinjiang black bees
Authors: Yuan Yanyan , Wang Wujun , Fan Ruru , Jiang Jianhui , Feng Shan , Yin Huiwei , Luo Shi‐Zhong , Chen Long 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRoyal jelly is a nutritious food that has beneficial effects to human health. However, the functional substances remain unclear. Herein, we fractioned the royal jelly proteins of Xinjing black bees according to the Osboren method. Two main proteins from the ethanol‐soluble fraction were purified and identified. RJG‐1 was determined as glucosylceramidase, and RJG‐2 was major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1). RJG‐1 showed potent cytotoxicity toward various mammalian cells, and caused quick disruption of cell membranes. With glucosylceramidase activity, RJG‐1 may degrade the glucosylceramide of the cell membranes and disrupt the membrane structure, thereby resulting in cell necrosis. This study extends our knowledge about the composition and function of royal jelly, and is significant for the application of royal jelly.
Reexamining investor reaction to covert corporate political activity: A replication and extension of Werner (2017)
Authors: Minefee Ishva , McDonnell Mary‐Hunter , Werner Timothy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryExploiting a whistleblower's leak of the American Legislative Exchange Council's (ALEC) corporate sponsors, we quasi‐replicate and extend Werner's (2017) event study of investor reaction to covert corporate political activity (CPA). Werner found that investors reacted positively to the accidental disclosure of covert ties to the Republican Governors Association. In contrast, when we apply the same research design to the ALEC leak, we find that, on average, firms tied to ALEC experienced negative abnormal returns. In cross‐sectional models, we also find that the abnormal returns of ALEC sponsors were more negative for firms that faced shareholder contention around CPA and had liberal‐leaning employees, yet less negative for firms engaged in higher levels of institutional corporate social responsibility. The latter two cross‐sectional findings extend Werner's results.Managerial SummaryWe replicate and extend a study that examined how investors reacted to the disclosure of firms' covert contributions to a conservative‐leaning nonprofit organization. In contrast to that paper, we find that investors react negatively toward firms that contributed to ALEC, given its controversial positions on sociopolitical issues such as “stand your ground” gun laws. Investors reacted more negatively if the firm's employees were more liberal leaning or if the firm recently faced a shareholder resolution requesting that it voluntarily disclose all political contributions. However, investors' reactions were less negative if the firm engaged in high levels of corporate social responsibility. An implication for managers is that they should consider the risk associated with their firms' covert ties to political organizations perceived as controversial by the media.
Chemically enhanced primary treatment of municipal wastewater with ferrate(VI)
Authors: Zheng Lei , Feng Huan , Liu Yueqiang , Gao Jinshan , Sarkar Dibyendu , Deng Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) with ferrate(VI), a multifunctional treatment agent, was investigated for the treatment of municipal wastewater in a laboratory‐scale study. The treatment performance was evaluated at different ferrate(VI) doses (0.0–9.0 mg/L as Fe) and pH (6.0 and 7.5). The optimal removals of total suspended solids (TSS) (52%), total chemical oxygen demand (COD) (34%), and total phosphorus (47%) were achieved at the highest ferrate(VI) dose (9.0 mg/L as Fe) and the weakly alkaline condition (pH 7.5). The pollutant abatements principally ascribed to the formation of large‐sized aggregate and ensuing sedimentation fell within the reported ranges of CEPT with traditional coagulants. However, different from conventional CEPT, ferrate(VI) appreciably removed recalcitrant dissolved organic phosphorus (49%) and simultaneously inactivated total coliform (3.30 log removal) and Escherichia coli (3.67 log removal) at 9.0 mg/L Fe(VI) and pH 7.5. The CEPT with ferrate(VI) offers an innovative alternative for improving municipal wastewater treatment.Practitioner points

Ferrate(VI) represents a promising agent for chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) of municipal wastewater.

CEPT with ferrate(VI) can effectively alleviate TSS, total COD, and total P via the formation of large‐sized aggregates and ensuing sedimentation.

Ferrate(VI) can substantially remove recalcitrant dissolved organic phosphorus in municipal wastewater.

Different from other CEPT coagulants, ferrate(VI) can appreciably inactivate bacterial indicators during CEPT.

Higher ferrate(VI) dose and weakly alkaline pH favor the performance of ferrate(VI) CEPT.
On the efficient optimization of optical properties of particulate monolayers by a hybrid finite element approach
Authors: Semmler Johannes , Stingl Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the numerical simulation and optimization of the optical properties of mono-layered nano-particulate films. The particular optical property of interest is the so-called haze factor, for which a model close to an experimental setup is derived. The numerical solution becomes very involved due to the resulting size of computational domain in comparison to the wave length, rendering the direct simulation method infeasible. As a remedy, a hybrid method is suggested, which in essence consistently combines analytical solutions for the far field with finite element-based solutions for the near field. Using a series of algebraic reformulations, a model with an off- and online component is developed, which results in the computational complexity being reduced by several orders of magnitude. Based on the suggested hybrid numerical scheme, which is not limited to the haze factor as objective function, structural optimization problems covering geometrical and topological parametrizations are formulated. These allow the influence of different particle arrangements to be studied. The article is complemented by several numerical experiments underlining the strength of the method.
Impact of solitary pulmonary nodule size on qualitative and quantitative assessment using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT: the SPUTNIK trial
Authors:   on behalf of the SPUtNIk investigators, Weir-McCall J. R. , Harris S. , Miles K. A. , Qureshi N. R. , Rintoul R. C. , Dizdarevic S. , Pike L. , Cheow Heok K. , Gilbert Fiona J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To compare qualitative and semi-quantitative PET/CT criteria, and the impact of nodule size on the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules in a prospective multicentre trial.

Methods
Patients with an SPN on CT ≥ 8 and ≤ 30 mm were recruited to the SPUTNIK trial at 16 sites accredited by the UK PET Core Lab. Qualitative assessment used a five-point ordinal PET-grade compared to the mediastinal blood pool, and a combined PET/CT grade using the CT features. Semi-quantitative measures included SUVmax of the nodule, and as an uptake ratio to the mediastinal blood pool (SURBLOOD) or liver (SURLIVER). The endpoints were diagnosis of lung cancer via biopsy/histology or completion of 2-year follow-up. Impact of nodule size was analysed by comparison between nodule size tertiles.

Results
Three hundred fifty-five participants completed PET/CT and 2-year follow-up, with 59% (209/355) malignant nodules. The AUCs of the three techniques were SUVmax 0.87 (95% CI 0.83;0.91); SURBLOOD 0.87 (95% CI 0.83; 0.91, p = 0.30 versus SUVmax); and SURLIVER 0.87 (95% CI 0.83; 0.91, p = 0.09 vs. SUVmax). The AUCs for all techniques remained stable across size tertiles (p > 0.1 for difference), although the optimal diagnostic threshold varied by size. For nodules < 12 mm, an SUVmax of 1.75 or visual uptake equal to the mediastinum yielded the highest accuracy. For nodules > 16 mm, an SUVmax ≥ 3.6 or visual PET uptake greater than the mediastinum was the most accurate.

Conclusion
In this multicentre trial, SUVmax was the most accurate technique for the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules. Diagnostic thresholds should be altered according to nodule size.

Trial registration
ISRCTN - ISRCTN30784948. ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT02013063
Retrospective analysis of free temporoparietal fascial flap for defect reconstruction of the hand and the distal upper extremity
Authors: Müller-Seubert Wibke , Horch Raymund E. , Schmidt Vanessa Franziska , Ludolph Ingo , Schmitz Marweh , Arkudas Andreas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Soft tissue reconstruction of the hand and distal upper extremity is challenging to preserve the function of the hand as good as possible. Therefore, a thin flap has been shown to be useful. In this retrospective study, we aimed to show the use of the free temporoparietal fascial flap in soft tissue reconstruction of the hand and distal upper extremity.

Methods
We analysed the outcome of free temporoparietal fascial flaps that were used between the years 2007and 2016 at our institution. Major and minor complications, defect location and donor site morbidity were the main fields of interest.

Results
14 patients received a free temporoparietal fascial flap for soft tissue reconstruction of the distal upper extremity. Minor complications were noted in three patients and major complications in two patients. Total flap necrosis occurred in one patient.

Conclusion
The free temporoparietal fascial flap is a useful tool in reconstructive surgery of the hand and the distal upper extremity with a low donor site morbidity and moderate rates of major and minor complications.