bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maryland's Global Budget Revenue Model: How Do Costs and Readmission Rates Fare for Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Delanois Ronald E. , Wilkie Wayne A. , Mohamed Nequesha S. , Remily Ethan A. , Pollak Andrew N. , Mont Michael A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn 2014, Maryland implemented the Global Budget Revenue (GBR) model for cost reduction and quality improvement. This study evaluated GBR's effect on demographics and outcomes for patients who underwent primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) by comparing Maryland to the United States (U.S.). We identified primary TKA patients in Maryland's State Inpatient Database (n = 71,022) and the National Inpatient Sample (n = 4,045,245) between 2011 and 2016 utilizing International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 diagnosis codes. Multiple regression was used for difference-in-difference (DID) analyses to compare the intervention cohort (Maryland) to the nonintervention cohort (U.S.) between the pre-GBR (2011–2013) and post-GBR (2014–2016) periods. After GBR implementation, there were proportionally less white, obese, morbidly obese, Medicare, and Medicaid patients with proportionally more routine discharge patients in Maryland and the U.S. (all p < 0.001). There were proportionally less home health care (HHC) patients in Maryland, but more in the U.S. (both p < 0.001). The mean lengths of stay (LOS), costs, and complications decreased for both cohorts, while charges increased for the U.S. (all p < 0.001). The DID analysis suggested Maryland saw more Asian and Medicaid patients and less obese and morbidly obese patients under GBR. The DID assessments also found decreased LOS, costs, and charges (p < 0.001 for all) for patients under GBR. As other states such as Pennsylvania and Vermont explore hospital budgets, Maryland may provide a more viable model for future health care policies that incorporate global budgets.
Statins and Major Adverse Limb Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pastori Daniele , Farcomeni Alessio , Milanese Alberto , Del Sole Francesco , Menichelli Danilo , Hiatt William R. , Violi Francesco 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Statins are guidelines recommended in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) for the prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events. Comprehensive meta-data on the impact of statins on major adverse limb events (MALE) in PAD patients are lacking. We examined the association of statin use with MALE in patients with PAD.
Methods We performed a systematic review (registered at PROSPERO: number CRD42019137111) and metanalysis of studies retrieved from PubMed (via MEDLINE) and Cochrane (CENTRAL) databases addressing the impact of statin on MALE including amputation and graft occlusion/revascularization. Secondary endpoints were all-cause death, composite CV endpoints, CV death, and stroke.
Results We included 51 studies with 138,060 PAD patients, of whom 48,459 (35.1%) were treated with statins. The analysis included 2 randomized controlled trials, 20 prospective, and 29 retrospective studies. Overall, 11,396 MALE events, 21,624 deaths, 4,852 composite CV endpoints, 4,609 CV deaths, and 860 strokes were used for the analysis. Statins reduced MALE incidence by 30% (pooled hazard ratio [HR]: 0.702; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.605–0.815) and amputations by 35% (HR: 0.654; 95% CI: 0.522–0.819), all-cause mortality by 39% (pooled HR: 0.608, 95% CI: 0.543–0.680), CV death by 41% (HR: 0.594; 95% CI: 0.455–0.777), composite CV endpoints by 34% (pooled HR: 0.662; 95% CI: 0.591–0.741) and ischemic stroke by 28% (pooled HR: 0.718; 95% CI: 0.620–0.831).
Conclusion Statins reduce the incidence of MALE, all-cause, and CV mortality in patients with PAD. In PAD, a high proportion of MALE events and deaths could be prevented by implementing a statin prescription in this patient population.
Partial Gyrus Rectus Resection as a Technique to Improve the Exposure to the Anterior Communicating Artery Complex through the Junctional Triangle: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Valli Daniel , Zhao Xiaochun , Belykh Evgenii , Sun Qing , Lawton Michael T. , Preul Mark C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective The junctional triangle, formed by the distal A1 anterior cerebral artery (ACA) segment, the proximal A2 ACA segment, and the medial surface of gyrus rectus (GR), is a corridor of access to superiorly and posteriorly projecting anterior communicating artery (AComA) aneurysms that is widened by GR retraction or resection. Exposure of the AComA complex through the junctional triangle after GR resection has not been previously quantitatively evaluated.
Design GR resection extent and increase in artery exposure through the junctional triangle were assessed in this study.
Setting This study was conducted in the laboratory with a pterional approach, exposing the AComA complex.
Participants Ten sides of five cadaveric heads were considered.
Main Outcome Measures Exposure extent of ipsilateral and contralateral A1, A2, and AComA and accessibility of branches coming off the AComA complex were measured before and after GR resection. The GR was resected until sufficient bilateral A2 and contralateral A1 exposures were achieved. GR resection span was measured.
Results The mean (standard deviation) resected span of GR was 7 ± 3.9 mm. After GR resection, the exposed span of the ipsilateral A2 increased from 2 ± 0.7 mm to 4 ± 1.1 mm (p = 0.001); contralateral A2 exposure increased from 3 ± 1.5 mm to 4 ± 1.1 mm (p = 0.03). Contralateral recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) and orbitofrontal artery were accessible in five and eight specimens, respectively, before GR resection and in all 10 after resection.
Conclusion GR resection improves exposure of bilateral A2 segments through the junctional triangle. Exposure improvement is greater for the ipsilateral A2 than contralateral A2. The junctional triangle concept is enhanced by partial GR resection during surgery for superior and posterior AComA aneurysms.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Sherry Alexander D. , Khattab Mohamed H. , Xu Mark C. , Kelly Patrick , Anderson Joshua L. , Luo Guozhen , Chambless Lola B. , Cmelak Anthony J. , Attia Albert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) in two to five fractions may offer patients with large nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) with chiasm involvement a safe and effective treatment over a single week. However, little has been reported regarding this novel approach.
Design We compared the feasibility, outcomes, and toxicity of single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery and HSRT.
Setting This study was conducted at a tertiary academic referral center.
Participants After approval by the institutional review board, we performed a retrospective cohort study of patients treated at our institution with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and HSRT for NFPA. Selection for SRS or HSRT was based on clinicopathologic factors including tumor size and cavernous sinus invasion at the discretion of the treating physician.
Main Outcome Measures Local control, endocrinopathy, and radiation-associated toxicity were evaluated by binary logistic regression and Cox's proportional hazards regression.
Results A total of 45 patients with mean follow-up of 5 years were enrolled including 26 patients treated by HSRT with mean follow-up of 3 years and 19 patients treated by SRS with median follow-up of 6 years. Clinicopathologic characteristics were balanced between cohorts. Local failure at last follow-up was 5% in the SRS cohort and 8% in the HSRT cohort, and rates of post-SRS endocrinopathy were similar between each cohort. Late complications including radionecrosis, visual deficit, and secondary malignancy were minimal in either cohort.
Conclusions HSRT is an appropriate treatment strategy for patients with NFPAs, particularly for optic pathway preservation in the setting of large tumors with chiasm involvement. Further studies are needed to optimize fractionated approaches and patient selection.
The validity of Rodrik’s conclusion on real exchange rate and economic growth: factor priority evidence from feature selection approach
Authors: Seraj Mehdi , Bahramian Pejman , Alhassan Abdulkareem , Shahabad Rasool Dehghanzadeh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe undesirable effect of poor exchange rate policy on economic growth has been firmly established in the literature using various parametric methods of econometric techniques. However, less is known about the prioritization of the exchange rate as a determinant of economic growth using a nonparametric approach. Thus, this study introduced machining learning approach (feature selection, particle swarm optimization—PSO, and genetic algorithm—GA techniques) to evaluate the relative primacy of the exchange rate for sustainable economic growth in Germany, South Africa, and Slovakia using Rodrik model with time series data from 1990 to 2016. The study reveals that GDP per capita is the most crucial variable for economic growth in Germany and South Africa whereas, in Slovakia, the real exchange rate takes precedence over all other determinants of economic growth. That is, exchange rate takes precedence over other factors as a determinant of economic growth in an economy (Slovakia) with the high rate of trade openness while income per capita is the most important determinant of economic growth in economies (Germany and South Africa) with a relatively lower rate of trade openness. This partly supports Rodrik’s conclusion. We, therefore, recommend that highly opened economies should focus on viable exchange rate policies, such as undervaluation of currency to enhance sustained economic growth. On the other hand, relatively less open economies should focus on policies that improve income per capita rather than exchange rate policies.
Estimating the deep replicability of scientific findings using human and artificial intelligence
Authors: Yang Yang , Youyou Wu , Uzzi Brian 
Published: May 2020

Significance
After years of urgent concern about the failure of scientific papers to replicate, an accurate, scalable method for identifying findings at risk has yet to arrive. We present a method that combines machine intelligence and human acumen for estimating a study’s likelihood of replication. Our model—trained and tested on hundreds of manually replicated studies and out-of-sample datasets —is comparable to the best current methods, yet reduces the strain on researchers’ resources. In practice, our model can complement prediction market and survey replication methods, prioritize studies for expensive manual replication tests, and furnish independent feedback to researchers prior to submitting a study for review.
Noncollinear phases in moiré magnets
Authors: Hejazi Kasra , Luo Zhu-Xi , Balents Leon 
Published: May 2020

Significance
Moiré patterns, which result when two or more two-dimensional materials with incommensurate or rotated lattices are layered together, create controllable electronic bands that have recently been shown to induce a tremendous wealth of physical phenomena. Here we initiate the theoretical study of moiré patterns’ influence on magnetic states of localized spins. We construct a general formalism using continuum field theory and present thorough analyses in twisted bilayers of antiferromagnets and also ferromagnets, which are within the experimental reach of Van der Waals materials. Two-dimensional magnets, well known for their strong intrinsic spin fluctuations, may serve as a new platform for moiré effects and open the door to a large class of novel phenomena that were once unimaginable.
Psych verbs
Authors: Rozwadowska Bożena , Nowak Arkadiusz , Bondaruk Anna 
Published: May 2020

The main reason why this book is important for current linguistic debates is the fact that the puzzle of psychological verbs, dating back to the seminal paper by Belletti and Rizzi (1988) (henceforth B&R) is far from being settled. Recently it has been gaining even more attention, with research on typologically different languages bringing new empirical data and new insights (e.g., Marín & McNally, 2011; Alexiadou & Iordăchioaia, 2014; Fábregas & Marín, 2015, 2017; Fábregas et al., 2017; Temme & Verhoeven, 2016; García-Pardo, 2018; Hirsch, 2018). There is a whole variety of approaches to the “psych phenomenon” or “psych properties” (see Landau, 2010 for a list of the puzzling psych properties attested cross-linguistically), each looking at the problem from a different angle, depending on the language and the specific puzzle. The purpose of the present book is to focus on issues that were not central to the previous debate or which still remain very controversial. The collection of chapters in this volume focuses on Polish and Spanish psychological verbs, two typologically different languages, in comparison with English, which bring to light new overt contrasts that remain covert in other languages (e.g., overt aspectual distinctions, the peculiarities of dative structures, including the constructivist account of some stative Experiencer eventualities, the role of information structure in word-order phenomena with psych verbs). This makes it possible to discover new relations at the interfaces of language subsystems.
Spanish version of the Status Anxiety Scale (Versión española de la Escala de Ansiedad por el Estatus)
Authors: Melita Davide , Velandia-Morales Andrea , Iruela-Toros David , Willis Guillermo B. , Rodríguez-Bailón Rosa 
Published: May 2020

This study presents the adaptation and evidence of validity of the Spanish version of the Status Anxiety Scale. This measure evaluates people’s tendency to be concerned with their socioeconomic status. In two correlational studies, one exploratory ( N = 270) and one confirmatory ( N = 258), the instrument showed good reliability, in addition to a one-factor structure and a positive correlation with relative deprivation, tendency towards social comparison and perception of inequality. Furthermore, a third experimental study ( N = 140) found that the participants in the condition of low socioeconomic status experienced greater status anxiety. In short, these studies suggest that the Spanish version of the Status Anxiety Scale can be used in the Spanish population.
On-site comparison of quantum Hall effect resistance standards of the KRISS and the BIPM: ongoing key comparison BIPM.EM-K12
Authors: Gournay P , Rolland B , Chae D -H , Kim W -S 
Published: May 2020

The ongoing on-site comparison BIPM.EM-K12 is part of the BIPM programme implemented to verify the international coherence of the primary resistance standards. It allows National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) to validate their implementations of the quantum Hall effect (QHE) for dc resistance traceability by comparison to the reference maintained at the BIPM.
The realization of the ohm from the QHE-based standard of the NMIs at 100 Ω is compared with that realized by the BIPM from its own transportable quantum Hall resistance standard. This comparison is usually completed by scaling measurements from 100 Ω to 1 Ω and 10 kΩ through the measurement of the resistance ratios 100 Ω/1 Ω and 10 kΩ/100 Ω, respectively.
In October 2019, a new BIPM.EM-K12 on-site comparison was carried out at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). It was the first time the KRISS participated in this comparison programme.
Measurements of the 100 Ω transfer standard in terms of the SI value of the von Klitzing constant, R
K, agreed to 4 parts in 1010 with a relative combined standard uncertainty u
c = 24 × 10−10. Measurements of 10 kΩ/100 Ω and 100 Ω/1 Ω ratios agreed to 8 parts in 1010 with u
c = 26 × 10−10 and to 2 parts in 1010 with u
c = 23 × 10−10, respectively.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Splitting of the magnetic monopole pair-creation energy in spin ice
Authors: Hornung J , Gottschall T , Opherden L , Antlauf M , Schwarz M , Kroke E , Herrmannsdörfer T , Wosnitza J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The thermodynamics in spin-ice systems are governed by emergent magnetic monopole excitations and, until now, the creation of a pair of these topological defects was associated with one specific pair-creation energy. Here, we show that the electric dipole moments inherent to the magnetic monopoles lift the degeneracy of their creation process and lead to a splitting of the pair-creation energy. We consider this finding to extend the model of magnetic relaxation in spin-ice systems and show that an electric dipole interaction in the theoretically estimated order of magnitude leads to a splitting which can explain the controversially discussed discrepancies between the measured temperature dependence of the magnetic relaxation times and previous theory. By applying our extended model to experimental data of, various spin-ice systems, we show its universal applicability and determine a dependence of the electric dipole interaction on the system parameters, which is in accordance with the theoretical model of electric dipole formation.
Multiple growth of graphene from a pre-dissolved carbon source
Authors: Fazi Andrea , Nylander Andreas , Zehri Abdelhafid , Sun Jie , Malmberg Per , Ye Lilei , Liu Johan , Fu Yifeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Mono- to few-layer graphene materials are successfully synthesized multiple times using Cu-Ni alloy as a catalyst after a single-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The multiple synthesis is realized by extracting carbon source pre-dissolved in the catalyst substrate. Firstly, graphene is grown by the CVD method on Cu-Ni catalyst substrates. Secondly, the same Cu-Nicatalyst foils are annealed, in absence of any external carbon precursor, to grow graphene using the carbon atoms pre-dissolved in the catalyst during the CVD process. This annealing process is repeated to synthesize graphene successfully until carbon is exhausted in the Cu-Ni foils. After the CVD growth and each annealing growth process, the as-grown graphene is removed using a bubbling transfer method. A wide range of characterizations are performed to examine the quality of the obtained graphene material and to monitor the carbon concentration in the catalyst substrates. Results show that graphene from each annealing growth process possesses a similar quality, which confirmed the good reproducibility of the method. This technique brings great freedom to graphene growth and applications, and it could be also used for other 2D material synthesis.
Calculation of shear viscosity in Au+Au collisions at NICA energies
Authors: Zabrodin E , Teslyk M , Vitiuk O , Bravina L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Shear viscosity of hot and dense nuclear matter, produced in the central zone of central gold-gold collisions at energies of NICA, is calculated within the UrQMD model. Besides the microscopic simulations of heavy ion collisions, the procedure assumes the application of statistical model to determine the temperature and chemical potentials in the system, and study of the relaxation process within the UrQMD box with periodic boundary conditions. The latter is used for calculation of the correlator which enters the Green-Kubo formula for shear viscosity. The fluctuations at early and late stages of the system evolution are studied. Results are compared to predictions of other models.
Statistical analysis and stochastic interest rate modeling for valuing the future with implications in climate change mitigation
Authors: Perelló Josep , Montero Miquel , Masoliver Jaume , Farmer J Doyne , Geanakoplos John 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
High future discounting rates favor inaction on present expending while lower rates advise for a more immediate political action. A possible approach to this key issue in global economy is to take historical time series for nominal interest rates and inflation, and to construct then real interest rates and finally obtaining the resulting discount rate according to a specific stochastic model. Extended periods of negative real interest rates, in which inflation dominates over nominal rates, are commonly observed, occurring in many epochs and in all countries. This feature leads us to choose a well-known model in statistical physics, the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model, as a basic dynamical tool in which real interest rates randomly fluctuate and can become negative, even if they tend to revert to a positive mean value. By covering 14 countries over hundreds of years we suggest different scenarios and include an error analysis in order to consider the impact of statistical uncertainty in our results. We find that only 4 of the countries have positive long-run discount rates while the other ten countries have negative rates. Even if one rejects the countries where hyperinflation has occurred, our results support the need to consider low discounting rates. The results provided by these fourteen countries significantly increase the priority of confronting global actions such as climate change mitigation. We finally extend the analysis by first allowing for fluctuations of the mean level in the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model and secondly by considering modified versions of the Feller and lognormal models. In both cases, results remain basically unchanged thus demonstrating the robustness of the results presented.
Strong shrub expansion in tundra-taiga, tree infilling in taiga and stable tundra in central Chukotka (north-eastern Siberia) between 2000 and 2017
Authors: Shevtsova Iuliia , Heim Birgit , Kruse Stefan , Schröder Julius , Troeva Elena I , Pestryakova Luidmila A , Zakharov Evgeniy S , Herzschuh Ulrike 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Vegetation is responding to climate change, which is especially prominent in the Arctic. Vegetation change is manifest in different ways and varies regionally, depending on the characteristics of the investigated area. Although vegetation in some Arctic areas has been thoroughly investigated, central Chukotka (NE Siberia) with its highly diverse vegetation, mountainous landscape and deciduous needle-leaf treeline remains poorly explored, despite showing strong greening in remote-sensing products. Here we quantify recent vegetation compositional changes in central Chukotka over 15 years between 2000/2001/2002 and 2016/2017. We numerically related field-derived information on foliage projective cover (percentage cover) of different plant taxa from 52 vegetation plots to remote-sensing derived (Landsat) spectral indices (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalised Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalised Difference Snow Index (NDSI)) using constrained ordination. Clustering of ordination scores resulted in four land-cover classes: (1) larch closed-canopy forest, (2) forest tundra and shrub tundra, (3) graminoid tundra and (4) prostrate herb tundra and barren areas. We produced land-cover maps for early (2000, 2001 or 2002) and recent (2016 or 2017) time-slices for four focus regions along the tundra-taiga vegetation gradient. Transition from graminoid tundra to forest tundra and shrub tundra is interpreted as shrubification and amounts to 20% area increase in the tundra-taiga zone and 40% area increase in the northern taiga. Major contributors of shrubification are alder, dwarf birch and some species of the heather family. Land-cover change from the forest tundra and shrub tundra class to the larch closed-canopy forest class is interpreted as tree infilling and is notable in the northern taiga. We find almost no land-cover changes in the present treeless tundra.