bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experiences of adult heart, lung, and heart-lung transplantation recipients: A systematic review of qualitative research evidence
Authors: Stubber Claire , Kirkman Maggie 
Published: November 2020

AimTo review evidence about the experience of being the recipient of a donated heart, lungs, or heart and lungs.DesignA systematic review (registered with PROSPERO: CRD42017067218), in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.Data sourcesSeven databases and Google Scholar were searched in May 2017 and July 2019 for papers reporting English-language research that had used qualitative methods to investigate experiences of adult recipients.Review methodsQuality was assessed and results were analysed thematically.Results24 papers (reporting 20 studies) were eligible and included. Their results were organised into three chronological periods: pre-transplant (encompassing the themes of ‘dynamic psychosocial impact’, ‘resources and support’), transplant (‘The Call’, ‘intensive care unit’), and post-transplant (‘dynamic psychosocial impact’, ‘management’, ‘rejection’). Sub-themes were also identified. It was evident that contemplating and accepting listing for transplantation entailed or amplified realisation of the precipitating illness’s existential threat. The period surrounding transplantation surgery was marked by profound, often surreal, experiences. Thereafter, although life usually improved, it incorporated unforeseen challenges. The transplantation clinic remained important to the recipient. The meaning of the clinic and its staff could be both reassuring (providing care and support) and threatening (representing onerous medical requirements and potential organ rejection).ConclusionThis review has implications for the psychosocial care of transplant recipients and indicates the need for further research to gain insight into the experience of receiving a donated heart and/or lung.ImpactMedical consequences of heart and lung transplantation are well documented; this is the first systematic review of research using qualitative methods to investigate the experience of heart, lung, and heart-and-lung transplantation. The psychosocial impact of transplantation was found to be dynamic and complex, with notable features evident before, during, and after transplantation. Clinic staff remained significant to recipients. It is clear that recipients need continuing psychosocial as well as medical support.
EKSTRAKSI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF THEAFLAVIN TEH OOLONG (CAMELLIA SINESIS) DENGAN AIR SEBAGAI GREEN SOLVENT
Authors: Amalia Rizka , Yulianto Mohamad Endy , Purwantisari Susiana , Yudanto Yusuf Arya , Pangestu Ilyas Teguh 
Published: November 2020

Theaflavin, a polyphenolic compounds found in oolong tea and black tea, thought to have medicinal potency. Theaflavins and their derivatives such as theaflavin gallate have shown a broad spectrum of antiviral activity against several viruses, including influenza A, B and hepatitis C viruses. Previous research show that theaflavins could inhibit RdRp activity through blocking the active site in the catalytic pocket of RdRp in SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV.. This research aims to extract theaflavins in oolong tea with water solvent at a temperature of 100oC, pressure > 1 atm and varied extraction times (10-60 minutes). The effect of oolong tea extraction time towards the theaflavin content was observed. The results showed that with the longer extraction time, the theaflavin levels were reduced due to the degradation of thermal theaflavins into thearubigins. The model exponential equation obtained is y=14,91488 e-0,2631x + 0,11865, with the R2=0.99161. The best operating conditions was obtained at 10 minutes of extraction time, resulted in 1.19% of the total theaflavin content of oolong tea.
La iconografía floral teosófica de Piet Mondrian
Authors: Sarriugarte Gómez Iñigo 
Published: November 2020

La evolución artística de Piet Mondrian viene articulada por sus conexiones con la teosofía de principios del siglo XX. Desde muy joven, comenzó a estudiar los planteamientos filosóficos de H.P. Blavatsky y posteriormente los trabajos teóricos de Rudolf Steiner. La influencia de esta corriente de pensamiento se materializa en una serie de trabajos pictóricos, de carácter figurativo, pero notablemente simbólicos en su interpretación. El artista se adentrará en la tipología floral de los crisantemos y su referencialidad semiótica desde los parámetros de la teosofía.
Correlation of Clinical and Histopathological Diagnosis of Oral Mucosa Lesions at the University of Costa Rica Between 2008 and 2015
Authors: Boza Oreamuno Yadira V. , López Soto Andrea 
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study is to determine the existing concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of lesions in the oral mucosa at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Costa Rica (UCR). A retrospective study of 261 reports of oral lesions recovered from the biopsy archive of the UCR Faculty of Dentistry from 2008 to 2015. Of the total reports 165 were included in the analysis, 96 (36.8%) did not have any diagnostic hypotheses. The concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis was verified by the Kappa test. Concordance with the first diagnostic hypothesis was presented in 114 (69.1%) cases, the value of kappa was 0.663 (substantial agreement) and 36.8% without clinical diagnosis only a description of the lesion. The premalignant lesions presented an excellent concordance (kappa=0.902). The concordance of the group of non-neoplastic proliferative lesions was moderate (kappa=0.504) and the dermatological and autoimmune conditions with negligible concordance (0.157). Concordance occurred in the majority of the patients investigated with a value corresponding to a substantial agreement, however, the percentage of reports that did not have a clinical hypothesis should be improved.
Occurrence and characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk in Hungary
Authors: Albert Ervin , Sipos Rita , Jánosi Szilárd , Kovács Péter , Kenéz Árpád , Micsinai Adrienn , Noszály Zsófia , Biksi Imre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe last surveys on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from bovine milk in Hungary took place in the 2000s. To elucidate the genetic variability and to estimate the burden of the pathogen, MRSA from our strain collection and prospectively collected Staphylococcus aureus (SA) isolates originating from two milk hygiene laboratories were investigated. Between 2003 and 2018, 27 MRSA strains originating from 10 dairy farms were deposited and characterised. Most strains (n = 20) belonged to ST1-t127-SCCmecIV and were recovered from three unrelated farms. From other farms, variable genotypes were identified sporadically: ST22-t032-SCCmecIV from three farms; a newly described double locus variant of ST97, ST5982-t458-SCCmecIV from two farms; and ST398-t011-SCCmecIV and ST398-t011-SCCmecV from two respective farms. The prospective screening of 626 individual SA isolates originating from 42 dairy farms resulted in four (0.48 %) MRSA strains from three (7.14 %) farms. All MRSA isolates belonged to the clonal complex 398 and a novel spa-type t19251 was also identified. Most isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes. The occurrence and significance of MRSA of dairy origin seems to be unchanged in the past decade in Hungary. However, the low host specificity and multiresistance of the identified genotypes calls for periodic revision on the role and distribution of the pathogen in the Hungarian dairy sector.
Alzheimer ve Vasküler Demanslı hastalarda lipid profili ile yağda eriyen vitaminlerin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BAYDEMİR Recep , GÜLTEKİN Murat , KÖSEOĞLU Rahmi , SARAYMEN Recep , KÖSEOĞLU Emel 
Published: November 2020

Giriş: Bu çalışmada, Alzheimer Demans (AD) ve Vasküler demans (VaD)’lı hastalarda serum lipid düzeyleri ile yağda eriyen vitamin düzeylerinin demans ile ilişkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya uluslarası kriterlere göre tanıları konulmuş 60 AD, 52 VaD hastası ile 61 kontrol vakası alındı. Serum lipid profilleri ve yağda eriyen vitamin düzeyleri (D, K) çalışıldı.
Bulgular: Serum D vitamini değerleri AD ve VaD hasta gruplarında, kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük bulundu. Vitamin K açısından ise anlamlı bir fark görülmedi. Grupların lipid profilleri incelendiğinde total kolesterol(TK) değerlerinin, her iki hasta grubunda kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Kontrol grubunda, TK ile D vitamini arasında negatif bir ilişki gözlendi. Hasta gruplarında D vitamini ile ve tüm gruplarda K vitamini ile lipidler arasında bir ilişki bulunmadı. Yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein (HDL), trigliserid (TG) ve düşük dansiteli lipoprotein (LDL) değerleri açısından hasta grupları ve kontrol grubu arasında fark bulunmadı.
Sonuç: Vitamin D düşüklüğü ile TK yüksekliği AD ve VaD hastalığı ile birliktelik göstermektedir. Bu iki demans tipi arasında bu parametreler açısından bir fark saptanmamıştır. Sağlıklı kontrol vakalarında vitamin D ile TK arasında saptanan ters ilişki demans hastalarında gözlenmemiştir. Verilerimiz; demans hastalarında, vitamin D ve TK ilişkisinin daha ayrıntılı incelenmesinin gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
The Theme of Lost Generation: A study of Hemingway’s “For Whom the Bell Tolls”
Authors: Mahmood Anser 
Published: November 2020

This paper primarily examines the theme of lost generation in Ernest Hemingway’s novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) and the physical and psychological desperation faced by the protagonist, an American volunteer, Robert Jordan. This paper attempts to find the reasons behind this emotional crisis and Hemingway’s notion of describing the mental trauma of Postwar effected generation. Coming to a very close grip with harsh realities and brutalities of wars, Hemingway along with his characters adopt a strong tendency to denounce war which induces abominable sense of emptiness. The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) serves to epitomize the post-war expatriate generation. The "point of the book" was not so much about a generation being lost, but that "the earth abideth forever". The characters in For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) may have been "battered” and “lost” No study of Ernest Hemingway’s literary work can be completed without an understanding of the author’s life because he is one of those authors whose life and works are interdependent. Hemingway made the term ‘Lost Generation’ famous by using it permanently in his novels. All his protagonists are lost generation, wandering aimlessly in the post-war world and had refused to look at the world through rose-coloured glasses. They cut a sorry figure in terms of moral, social and religious values.
A Contrastive Study of Letters of Recommendation in Persian and English
Authors: Ebadi Saman , Saedidovaise Majid 
Published: November 2020

A letter of recommendation (LR) is one in which the writer assesses the capabilities, characteristics, and qualities of the person being recommended in terms of that individual's ability to perform a particular task or function. This study aims to compare and contrast letters of recommendation in Persian and English in terms of textual features, structure and content. The data consists of fifteen English and fifteen Persian LRs recommending the applicants for the PhD programs in English and Persian literature. The English LRs have mainly been written for American universities and the Persian ones for universities inside Iran. The model of comparison consists of two parts: a quantitative and a qualitative analysis. The first part of the analysis focuses on comparing textual features such as linearity, symmetry, data integration and sentence type in the LRs of these two languages. The second part focuses on comparing the structure and content of the three sections of the LRs namely introduction/frame, body/evaluation, and conclusion/prediction. Regarding textual factors the results showed that while the two languages are rather similar in digressiveness, Persian seems to be less symmetrical than English. Data integration is also more evident in English LRs than the Persian ones. For the sentence type it was noticed that English favors a topic sentence cue while Persian favors sentence bridges. The results also revealed that while English LRs follow a rather rigid organization which can be short, informal and writer-responsible, the Persian LRs are longer, more formal, more fluid in their organization and reader-responsible. The results of the study can be used in genre-based approaches to writing and in translation and communication across academic and professional institutions.
African Nationalism: Two Different Intellectual Perspectives
Authors: Salafia Susanna Iacona 
Published: November 2020

African Nationalism was a multifaceted political movement that has had different origins, developments and outgoings considering the complexity of cultures, religions, natural environments and ethnicities of this immense continent. It’s of course inappropiate to talk about “African Nationalism”, as an identical and common phenomenon that brought to the independence from Colonialism in each state. As for Nationalism in Europe, it had its own specificity in at least the main big areas of North, West, East and South of Africa.
On the State of L1 and L2 Knowledge in FL Learners: A Review of Issues
Authors: El-Dali Hosni Mostafa 
Published: November 2020

There has been extensive research into how L1 affects L2, commonly known as ‘negative influence’, but a lot less about the opposite direction, commonly known as ‘Reverse or Backward’ transfer. As well as the first language influences the second, the second language influences the first. The present study, therefore, attempts to examine and critically review pertinent research into the question of bidirectional influence between languages. First, it traces the conceptual framework of the notion L1→L2 effect. Second, it attempts to demonstrate how an emerging new language (L2) affects the existing L1. Third, it examines the pedagogical aspects of both directions, as manifested in L2 classroom. Special focus will be given to how the concept of “multicompetence” sees the goal of L2 learning and how language teaching should reflect such a goal. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using learners’ first language in L2 classroom will be highlighted and specific methodological recommendations will be made.
Memories of a Lost Home: Intizar Husain’s Basti
Authors: Vasishtha Varun Dev 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, Intizar Husain’s novel on Partition, Basti is examined which depicts the human denouement that followed Partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The novel looks back at the aftermath of Partition after more than two decades, talks about the turmoil caused by the socio-political situation in Pakistan and the realization that the Partition was an ever going on event. The process of separate homeland for Muslims, the chief motive that resulted in Partition, was reversed with the secession of Bangladesh. Partition and migration have failed to provide stability to the migrants. Intizar Husain has recaptured the agony of Partition after a lapse of two decades. The novel, dealing with the Muslim perspective of Partition, depicts the plight of the members of the community who crossed over to Pakistan with the euphoria of the creation of a separate homeland, fail to realise their hopes. Feeling of alienation has been delineated in a highly subtle manner.
Silhouetting the Shifting Perspective of Bollywood from ‘Machismo’ to ‘Metrosexuality’
Authors: Bhattacharjee Partha , Tripathi Priyanka 
Published: November 2020

“Machismo” and “Metrosexual” are two trending but contradictory terms that are used to fathom the portrayal of men in the visual art such as cinema, media, advertisements etc. Derived from the Spanish word ‘Macho’, ‘Machismo’ reflects strength, aggression and masculine pride whereas ‘Metrosexual’ is a portmanteau word combining– ‘Metropolitan’ and ‘Sexual ‘referring to men who are living in an urban society and investing a great deal on their appearance and lifestyle. The paper intends to focus on the transition of this portrayal of men in Hindi films, popularly termed as Bollywood. To elucidate further the paper will take its references from the films of the Sholay era till the contemporary times in which films like Ki n Ka changed the sketch, the set and the setting of the male word/world. In between these two films, one can truly demarcate the world of Hindi films in terms of how the audience will see their men. Therefore, the paper, broadly taking its references from Hindi Films, Advertisements and Daily Soaps will establish the men’s makeover over a period of time.
Readability in Classroom Practice of Report Text as Reading Material of Eleventh Graders
Authors: Yunita Lifatur  Rohmah , Suharsono Suharsono , Munir Ahmad 
Published: November 2020

This study is aimed to explain the readability of report text taken from “Bahasa Inggris Kelas 11” published by Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan based on readability formula evaluated by expert, in classroom practice and to know whether the readability of report text in classroom practice correspond with the readability of report text evaluated by expert. This study was a qualitative research. The data gained from observation, interview and documentation. The research subject was the students of eleventh grader of SMA Al – Islam Krian. To analyse the data, the researcher used three stages that proposed by Ary et al. (2010:220), they are, 1) organizing and familiarizing, 2) coding and reducing and 3) interpreting and presenting. There are some findings were obtained for this study. The first finding of this study shows that the readability of report text evaluated by expert was in the difficult level for eleventh graders. Second finding shows students enjoyed the material as well. They could understand the material easily and find the six components of reading as has been stated by Marshall (1979) appropriately. For the last finding, it could be seen that no one of the students got under the minimum score from the Minimum learning Standard. In conclusion, readability of report text that had been conducted by expert was not in correspondence with readability of report text in the classroom practice. Since readability of the text did not only depend on the length of the letters, words and sentences only because the role of the readers was also important to be considered. It was supported by (Armbruster et al., 1985); Fulcher (1997). They stated that the formulas
Evaluación y medición de la expansión territorial de la minería informal en la cuenca alta del Ramis, Puno, Perú, usando imágenes satelitales
Authors: Giraldo Malca Ulises Francisco , Vasquez Ruesta Pedro Gonzalo 
Published: November 2020

La presente investigación aborda la problemática ambiental que genera la explotación de oro de la minería informal en tres sectores de la cuenca alta del río Ramis (CARR), la cual constituye una de las actividades económicas más impactantes al medio ambiente y a la sociedad en el Perú. A pesar de existir normas específicas orientadas a su formalización y regulación, sus efectos negativos se han expandido e incrementado considerablemente en los últimos doce años. Precisamente, las tecnologías de teledetección constituyen herramientas eficientes, que pueden ser de muy bajo costo, útiles para evaluar y analizar la problemática ambiental de un área tan extensa como el ámbito de interés (perteneciente a la hoya hidrográfica del lago Titicaca), de modo que se logró ver la evolución que ha tenido la minería aurífera en esta zona mediante la cuantificación de la superficie que presentó cambios en el uso del suelo para el periodo comprendido entre 1984 y 2015, usando imágenes de satélite multiespectral Landsat.Los resultados del análisis de veintiséis imágenes satelitales diferentes, para detectar las superficies que tuvieron un cambio de uso de suelos, se comparan cronológicamente con la ocurrencia de hechos sociales, políticos y económicos, como la cotización internacional diaria del oro, manifestaciones del conflicto socio ambiental o acciones de intervención del gobierno, factores que influyeron en la expansión territorial o estancamiento de las actividades de minería informal en la zona, así como la eficacia que tuvo las acciones tomadas por parte de las autoridades competentes para su control o mitigación.
Sludge Formation in Sandstone Reservoir-Advancement in Characterizations and Removal Process
Authors: Al-Taq Ali , Al-Moajil Abdullah , Aldarweesh Sajjad , Alsalem Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Oil-based mud is commonly used in drilling of the pay zones in sandstone formations as a less/non damaging fluid. Oil-based mud typically contain emulsifier, viscosifer and other additives including polymer blend and calcium carbonate to serve different functions. Presence of emulsifier may increase emulsion tendency upon interaction with downhole environment. The resulting emulsion might be tight to an extent that a thick sludge is formed which can impair well productivity. Identification of the sludge material will help in development of an effective chemical treatment to remove formation damage and restore well productivity.
In this study, an extensive laboratory work was conducted to explore potential interactions of an oil-based mud with different contaminants encountered in downhole environment. A typical sludge sample was characterized using different analytical techniques including solvent extraction, XRD, TGA, ICP and viscosity. The results showed that the sludge sample contained calcium carbonate, dolomite quartz as the main components in the inorganic phase while the organic phase include polymers and oil. The source of calcium carbonate might the drilling additives while the source of quartz is the formation. Analysis of supernatants generated from solubility tests conducted for the sludge sample revealed in addition to the high amount of calcium presence of iron in considerable amount (nearly 1,000 mg/L). Interaction of ferric chloride, quartz with an invert-emulsion mud was investigated. A significant increase in viscosity was observed upon incorporation of these contaminates with the mud sample. This paper presents in detail the results of interactions of iron ions, quartz, and pipe dope. It also examined several chemical formulations for removal of sludge formed and filtercake.