bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cluster‐randomized trial measuring the effects of a digital learning tool supporting decoding and reading for meaning in grade 2
Authors: Gissel Stig Toke , Andersen Simon Calmar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA large‐scale, cluster‐randomized controlled field trial (Nclassrooms = 47; Nstudents = 1,013) assessed the impact of a digital text‐to‐speech reading material that supported 8‐year‐olds’ decoding and reading comprehension. An active control group used the most prevalent Danish learning material with a research‐based systematic, explicit phonics approach supporting primarily decoding. The digital tool allows children to read unfamiliar text for meaning. Students are supported in mapping between orthography and phonology by three levels of text‐to‐speech support and in identifying spelling patterns. The risk of students overusing text‐to‐speech was countered by postponing access to having words read aloud by directing students towards identifying and training relevant orthographic patterns before activating text‐to‐speech. Results showed no statistically significant difference in decoding, but treatment improved reading comprehension. The study demonstrates how digital tools can facilitate strengthening students' decoding skills as efficiently as a traditional phonics‐based programme while students are reading text of relatively high orthographic complexity for meaning.
Long noncoding RNA TCONS‐00106987 promotes atrial electrical remodelling during atrial fibrillation by sponging miR‐26 to regulate KCNJ2
Authors: Du Juanjuan , Li Zhan , Wang Xiao , Li Jianhua , Liu Donglu , Wang Ximin , Wei Jinqiu , Ma Shenzhou , Zhang Yujiao , Hou Yinglong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been suggested to play indispensable roles in multiple heart diseases. However, the correlations between lncRNAs and atrial fibrillation (AF) are unclear. In this study, we performed comprehensive lncRNA profiling via high‐throughput RNA sequencing analysis using non‐AF and AF rabbit models. Based on a series of filtering pipelines and bioinformatics analyses, TCONS‐00106987 was selected for further research. TCONS‐00106987 levels were increased in the atria during AF. Moreover, the atrial effective refractory period was shortened and the AF inducibility was increased in vivo in response to lentiviral‐mediated up‐regulation of TCONS‐00106987. TCONS‐00106987 repression resulted in the opposite effects. Further studies indicated that TCONS‐00106987 expression was positively correlated with the expression of the protein‐coding gene KCNJ2. Luciferase reporter assays and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording confirmed that TCONS‐00106987 promoted electrical remodelling via endogenous competition with microRNA‐26 (miR‐26) to induce transcription of its target gene KCNJ2, thereby increasing inward‐rectifier K+ current (IK1). In conclusion, our study reveals a pathogenic lncRNA‐miRNA regulatory network specific to atrial electrical remodelling that offers potential therapeutic targets for AF.
Study on a two‐dimensional correlation visible–near infrared spectroscopy kinetic model for the moisture content of fresh walnuts stored at room temperature
Authors: Li Chengji , Zhang Shujuan , Sun Haixia , Zhao Huamin , Chen Caihong , Xing Shuhai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to implement the real‐time detection of moisture content in fresh walnuts during storage, a visible–near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) kinetic model of fresh walnuts at room temperature was established. Eight characteristic wavelengths were optimized by the two‐dimensional correlation spectroscopy technology, using the moisture content as the external perturbation. The average moisture content of fresh walnuts at different storage times was analyzed, and a first‐order reaction kinetic model was established (,RMSEP = 0.119). The spectroscopy information and the moisture content index at the characteristic bands were coupled to establish a partial least square prediction model for the moisture content of fresh walnuts (,RMSEP = 1.827).The multivariate linear regression analysis was performed with the reflectance at the characteristic band as the independent variable and the moisture content as the dependent variable (p < .0001,R2 = 0.873), and the NIR kinetic model for moisture content was established. On this basis, the linear relationship between the storage time of fresh walnuts and the NIR reflectance could be obtained. Results revealed that a two‐dimensional correlation NIR kinetic model for moisture content could quickly detect the moisture content of fresh walnuts.Practical applicationsFresh walnut is very nutritious and has better taste and flavor than dried ones. In order to remove the bitter taste, the seed coat of fresh walnut needs to be peeled before consumption and processing. With the increase of storage time, the fruit will lose most of its moisture content, making it difficult to peel the seed coat and lose the meaning of fresh food. Therefore, it will be harder to peel the seed coat and process the walnut kernel if the storage time is unknown. This study established a kinetic model for moisture content of fresh walnut during storage based on the visible–near infrared spectroscopy, which may help to further research the storage and processing method of fresh walnut.
Oscillating rheology of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seed flour dough in relation to different particle size
Authors: Ahmed Jasim , Thomas Linu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this work was to elucidate the influence of particle size on the mechanical spectra of jackfruit seed flour (JFSF) dough (JFSF/water = 1:2) before and after the nonisothermal (NIH) heating from 50 to 105°C. The jackfruit seeds (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) were ground into flour and separated based on particle sizes (595, 297, 149, 105, 74, and 63‐μm). The particle size distribution of flour was measured by the laser light scattering. The mechanical rigidity of the dough samples assessed by a rheometer. The maximum weight percentage of particles (44.19%) were passed through 297‐μm while the 90% volume distribution of particles was 217.7‐μm. The peak temperature (Tp) of the dough produced from the selected particle fractions (297, 149, and 74 μm) decreased linearly with increasing the fineness during the NIH. At 25°C, the frequency sweep test demonstrated that the mechanical rigidity of doughs increased in the order of 297‐μm > whole > 149‐μm > (297 + 74)‐μm > 74‐μm, however, those values reversed after the heat/cool process except for the whole flour sample. The results could be useful to select the particle size of JFSF to achieve a desired consistency in the product during thermal processing.Practical ApplicationsSize reduction is an important unit operation in the food industry. It has many industrial benefits including convenience, removal of undesired materials, and improve the reactivity with increased surface area. Jackfruit seeds are waste material. Production of flour from jackfruit seeds followed by size reduction could introduce a new ingredient in the market with unique functionality and applications. The flour has potential for the development of gluten‐free products and dough thickener.
Mass transfer approach to in‐vitro glycemic index of different biscuit compositions
Authors: Santhi Rajkumar Priyadarshini , Suriyamoorthy Priyanga , Moses Jeyan Arthur , Anandharamakrishnan Chinnaswamy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlycemic index (GI) is an important factor for determining the effect on blood glucose levels after the intake of a specific food. A modified in‐vitro digestion framework was adopted to test the GI of different biscuit compositions and to examine its effect of mass transfer mechanisms. For this study, three formulations of biscuits with fat (A), millet (B), and fiber (C) were used to see the relationship between mass transfer mechanism and GI. This new in‐vitro method was validated with the standard method and was found to be in close agreement with each other. The results showed that the coefficients of diffusion were 4.33, 1.32, and 0.19 m2/s, indicating a direct correlation with GI values of 56, 69, and 51 and the starch digestibility index was found to be 13.99%, 9.21% and 20.46% for A, B, and C respectively. The decrease in mass transfer and increase in resistant starch reduces the GI of the biscuits.Practical applicationThis is an unique experimental approach addressing the impact of mass transfer on GI with different biscuit compositions. This engineering perspective will be helpful in building food systems such that the mass transfer can be handled specifically for diabetic patients by deciding the bio‐availability of glucose from the food matrix. Development of new food products and personalized nutrition may gain insights by regulating the mass transport behavior of food particles, thereby controlling their GI.
Rapid Integration of Home Telehealth Visits Amidst COVID‐19: What Do Older Adults Need to Succeed?
Authors: Hawley Chelsea E. , Genovese Nicole , Owsiany Montgomery T. , Triantafylidis Laura K. , Moo Lauren R. , Linsky Amy M. , Sullivan Jennifer L. , Paik Julie M. 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVEOur objective was to identify and address patient‐perceived barriers to integrating home telehealth visits.DESIGNWe used an exploratory sequential mixed‐methods design to conduct patient needs assessments, a home telehealth pilot, and formative evaluation of the pilot.SETTINGVeterans Affairs geriatrics‐renal clinic.PARTICIPANTSPatients with scheduled clinic visits from October 2019 to April 2020.MEASUREMENTSWe conducted an in‐person needs assessment and telephone postvisit interviews.RESULTSThrough 50 needs assessments, we identified patient‐perceived barriers in interest, access to care, access to technology, and confidence. A total of 34 (68%) patients were interested in completing a home telehealth visit, but fewer (32 (64%)) had access to the necessary technology or were confident (21 (42%)) that they could participate. We categorized patients into four phenotypes based on their interest and capability to complete a home telehealth visit: interested and capable, interested and incapable, uninterested and capable, and uninterested and incapable. These phenotypes allowed us to create trainings to overcome patient‐perceived barriers. We completed 32 home telehealth visits and 12 postvisit interviews. Our formative evaluation showed that our pilot was successful in addressing many patient‐perceived barriers. All interviewees reported that the home telehealth visits improved their well‐being. Home telehealth visits saved participants an average of 166 minutes of commute time. Five participants borrowed a device from a family member, and five visits were finished via telephone. All participants successfully completed a home telehealth visit.CONCLUSIONSWe identified patient‐perceived barriers to home telehealth visits and classified patients into four phenotypes based on these barriers. Using principles of implementation science, our home telehealth pilot addressed these barriers, and all patients successfully completed a visit. Future study is needed to understand methods to deploy larger‐scale efforts to integrate home telehealth visits into the care of older adults.
Relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in 873 adults with a physically active lifestyle: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Baart A. M. , Balvers M. G. J. , de Vries J. H. M. , ten Haaf D. S. M. , Hopman M. T. E. , Klein Gunnewiek J. M. T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundVitamin B12 and folate function as co‐factors in pathways used during physical activity. Physical activity may therefore increase vitamin requirements, leading to a risk of deficient plasma concentrations. We aimed to investigate the relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in physically active adults, as well as identify other determinants of vitamin B12 and folate plasma concentrations.MethodsThe study population consisted of 873 adults (528 men and 345 women), aged 19–78 years, who participated in a 4‐day walking event. The relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate was assessed using correlation and linear regression analyses. In addition, potential other determinants (sex, age, body mass index, energy intake and physical activity) of vitamin plasma concentrations were investigated.ResultsSignificant positive correlations were observed between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 [Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.08–0.21] and folate (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.12–0.25). In addition to vitamin intake, sex, age and energy intake were also determinants of both vitamin B12 and folate plasma concentrations in multivariable regression models.ConclusionsThe results suggest a positive association between intake and plasma concentrations for both vitamin B12 and folate in physically active people. By contrast to our hypothesis, physical activity was not a determinant of vitamin B12 and folate plasma concentrations. However, sex, age and energy intake were found to be determinants. Thus, when studying the relationship between intake and plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 or folate, these factors should be taken into account.
High‐resolution optical microscopy for characterising microstructural deformation in microtensile testing
Authors: WANNI J. , MICHOPOULOS J.G. , BAGCHI A. , BANERJEE S. , BANERJEE N. , ACHUTHAN A. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryImaging surface deformation of a coupon specimen in microtensile testing with an optical microscope presents challenges due to the narrow depth of field (DoF) of optical microscopes. Materials being heterogeneous at microscopic length scale, the sample surface deforms into a complex 3D surface texture, evolving continuously as the loading increases. Because of the narrow DoF, the region that is in focus within the field of view (FoV) decreases substantially in size with the increasing out‐of‐plane heterogeneous deformation. To address this challenge, a method based on image blending and stabilisation of the captured image frames is proposed. Image blending combines the partial regions that are in focus from a set of successive image frames captured at different working distances from the object surface plane to construct a single image that has a large part of the FoV in focus. The blended images are then obtained at different levels of macroscopic strains, that is the global homogeneous strain, in order to characterise the evolution of the heterogeneous deformation. The image stabilisation removes any misalignments of the blended images by spatially realigning them choosing a common feature as a reference point. The validation of the proposed method with conventionally and additively manufactured stainless steel 316L (SS 316L) specimens demonstrates excellent improvement in image quality. Almost 100% of the FoV is maintained in focus regardless of the amount of out‐of‐plane heterogeneous deformation caused during tensile testing, which is quite remarkable for optical microscopy imaging. Consequently, the blended and stabilised images enhanced the accuracy of digital image correlation (DIC). Time‐lapse videos of the deformation generated using these images captured the evolution of the slip bands and their transmission through twinning boundaries in the stainless steel microstructure. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using image‐processing techniques to advance optical microscopy to image complex 3D surfaces evolving with time.
Polydeoxyribonucleotide for the improvement of a hypertrophic retracting scar—An interesting case report
Authors: Belmontesi Magda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐surgery disabling scars are frequent after surgical interventions.AimWe evaluated a new strategy for scars management.MethodsA woman with a postsurgery disabling scar, consequent to an accident that needed surgical intervention, had serious difficulties to walk and perform normal daily activities. A few months after the intervention, she was treated with a combined therapy consisting of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) vials 5.625 mg/3 mL (administered subcutaneously as a biostimulant treatment through the scars and throughout the whole atrophic area), associated with nucleotide administered topically and as a food supplement. The patient was treated with an additional topical nighttime treatment cream based on nucleotides, hyaluronic acid, Allium cepa extract, and vitamin E, plus a daily treatment with a cream containing nucleotides, and a nutraceutical systemic treatment with 25 mg/cps of nucleotides and 5 mg/cps of Q10‐coenzyme (1 cps/d).ResultsThis reasonably cheap treatment was effective and safe for this disabling scar at the right foot. One year after starting treatment, the patient confirmed her complete satisfaction. This is the first case report describing an unexpectedly successful outcome while using this combination therapy on a woman with a postsurgery disabling scar.
A discursive paper on the importance of health literacy among foreign domestic workers during outbreaks of communicable diseases
Authors: Ho Ken Hok Man , Smith Graeme Drummond 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimUsing an integrated model of health literacy, we discuss the importance of health literacy among foreign domestic workers in the provision of informal caregiving during outbreaks of communicable diseases. COVID‐19 pandemic is used as an example.BackgroundAdequate health literacy in the population is known to be important for the prevention of communicable diseases. Foreign domestic workers, a group of marginalised caregivers in private households, are generally presumed to have limited health literacy because of numerous socio‐cultural disadvantages. To date, there is limited evidence that these informal healthcare providers receive support from community‐based nurses.DesignA discursive paper.ConclusionForeign domestic workers, with varying levels of health literacy, may be viewed either as a resource to break the chain of infection or as a potential reservoir of communicable diseases in the community. Meanwhile, restrictions imposed in response to diseases transmissions (e.g. stay‐at‐home measures for COVID‐19) may directly exacerbate the social support received by these foreign domestic works and their ability to access health‐related information. There are also concerns about their ability to appraise and evaluate information related to communicable diseases at a time when fake news and misinformation are being disseminated through social media. Language and cultural barriers are important issues that need to be addressed to ensure that foreign domestic workers are in a position to follow public health recommendations.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses hold an important position in empowering foreign domestic workers with adequate health literacy, by engaging groups of foreign domestic workers in the community and their consulates in planning educational programmes and effectively disseminating information. At a time of global pandemic, an assessment of the health literacy levels of foreign domestic workers in places like Hong Kong is urgently required.
The experiences of carers looking after people with Parkinson’s disease who exhibit impulsive and compulsive behaviours: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: McKeown Eamonn , Saleem Tariq , Magee Cathy , Haddad Mark 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo understand the experiences of carers who were confronted by the development of impulsive and compulsive behaviours.BackgroundImpulsive and compulsive behaviours (ICBs) are a serious complication in Parkinson's disease (PD) strongly associated with dopamine replacement therapy used to treat patients. These behaviours comprise abnormal activities such as pathological gambling, binge eating, compulsive shopping and hypersexuality. These behaviours place a considerable burden on patients and on their carers and families.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study.MethodsUsing a convenience sampling approach, 13 carers were recruited to participate in semi‐structured interviews. Interviews were conducted over the telephone. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. COREQ guidelines were adhered to in the reporting of this study.ResultsFive main themes were identified: (a) realisation—developing awareness of ICB symptoms and their causes; (b) reacting—confronting and attempts to manage ICBs; (c) reaching out—help‐seeking and selective disclosure; (d) reframing—shifting perspectives on ICBs over time; and (e) resignation—impact on relationships and facing the future.ConclusionsThe profound impact of ICBs on quality of life, relationships and economic stability was clear in the carers’ accounts. Possible avenues for future clinical research are suggested.Relevance to clinical practiceThe potentially devastating effects of ICBs provide a strong imperative for nurses and other health professionals to ensure that close monitoring for symptom development together with patient education is always part of practice.
Cone beam computed tomography findings in temporomandibular joint of chronic qat chewers: Dimensional and osteoarthritic changes
Authors: Almashraqi Abeer A. , Halboub Esam S. , Al‐Maweri Sadeq A. , Barngkgei Imad , Al‐wesabi Mohammed A. , Al‐kamel Ahlam , Alhammadi Maged S. , Alamir Abdulwahab H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe social habit of chewing qat (also known as khat) is widely practised in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It has been linked with various oro‐facial conditions, including temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). This cross‐sectional, comparative study sought to investigate the effects of qat chewing on temporomandibular joint (TMJ), using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 85 Yemeni males were included. The participants were divided into two groups: Qat chewers (QC; n = 41) and non‐qat chewers (NQC; n = 44). Relevant data were obtained using a structured questionnaire and standardised clinical examination. Additionally, CBCT images of the TMJs were obtained, and then, osteoarthritic changes and TMJ dimensions were analysed. SPSS 21 was used for statistical analyses, with a significant level was set at 0.05. Compared to NQC, a significantly higher proportion of QC presented with clinical signs of TMDs. The qualitative CBCT findings revealed significantly higher osteoarthritic changes in QC than in NQC: osteophyte (51.2% vs 22.7%; P = .008), subcortical sclerosis (48.8% vs 27.3%; P = .047), articular surface flattening (46.3% vs 6.8%; P = .009) and subcortical cysts (43.9% vs 4.5%; P < .001). However, CBCT quantitative findings (condylar dimensions) did not show significant differences between the two groups. The chewing side of the QC group showed slightly more changes compared to the non‐chewing side. The results demonstrate that qat chewing has detrimental effects on TMJ manifested mainly as osteoarthritic changes. Further large‐scale studies are recommended.
Using expletive insertion to pursue and sanction in interaction
Authors: Hoey Elliott M. , Hömke Paul , Löfgren Emma , Neumann Tayo , Schuerman William L. , Kendrick Kobin H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article uses conversation analysis to examine constructions like who the fuck is that—sequence‐initiating actions into which an expletive like the fuck has been inserted. We describe how this turn‐constructional practice fits into and constitutes a recurrent sequence of escalating actions. In this sequence, it is used to pursue an adequate response after an inadequate one was given, and sanction the recipient for that inadequate response. Our analysis contributes to sociolinguistic studies of swearing by offering an account of swearing as a resource for social action.