bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early therapeutic monitoring of β-lactams and associated therapy outcomes in critically ill patients
Authors: Al-Shaer Mohammad H , Rubido Eric , Cherabuddi Kartikeya , Venugopalan Veena , Klinker Kenneth , Peloquin Charles 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
In the ICU, early and appropriate antimicrobial therapy is important to lower infection-related mortality.

Objectives
Assess whether achieving early β-lactam free concentration above the MIC 100% of the time (fT&gt;MIC) is associated with positive outcomes in the ICU.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted in ICU patients admitted to UF Health Shands Hospital between 2016 and 2018. Adult patients who received β-lactam therapy and had drug concentration measured were included. Data collected included demographics, β-lactam regimens and concentrations, sources of infection, cultures and susceptibilities, mortality, length of stay, resistance acquisition for 30 days and clinical outcome at end of therapy. Multiple regression and time-to-event (TTE) analyses were performed.

Results
Two-hundred and six patients were included. Clinical cure occurred in 71%, microbial eradication occurred in 58% and new resistance to the β-lactam received developed in 8% of patients. Hospital and 30 day mortalities were 17% and 14%, respectively. fT&gt;MIC and fT&gt;4×MIC were associated with clinical cure (P = 0.0303), microbial eradication (P = 0.0476) and suppression of resistance (P = 0.0043). Delay in measuring β-lactam concentration was associated with clinical failure (P = 0.0072), longer ICU stay (P &lt; 0.0001) and higher mortality (P = 0.0387). In the TTE analysis, patients with 100% fT&gt;MIC had a significantly shorter ICU stay (P = 0.0297). Patients who had clinical cure and microbial eradication had drug concentrations measured earlier (P = 0.0025 and 0.0254, respectively).

Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of early measurement of β-lactam concentration and confirms the association between fT&gt;MIC and clinical cure, microbial eradication and emergence of resistance.
Impacts of Mycoplasma loads and lung lesions on immune and hematological statuses of pigs in an eight-breed cross heterogeneous population
Authors: Zhang Qing , Li Jing , Huang Tao , Zhang Yifeng , Xu Wenwu , Huang Lusheng , Ai Huashui , Yang Bin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDevelopments of pulmonary diseases, often accompanied by infections of bacteria, severely affect the meat production and welfare of pigs. This study investigated 307 pigs at age of 240 d from an eight-breed cross reared under standardized housing conditions for associations among the extent of lung lesions, bacteria load inferred from 16S rRNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as 57 immune cells and 25 hematological traits. We showed that the pigs under study suffered substantial and varied lung lesions, and the Mycoplasma is the most associated bacteria genera. At a false discovery rate of 0.05 (FDR &lt; 0.05), the severity of lung lesions were significantly associated with greater CD8+ to CD3+ cell ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and standard deviation of red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW-SD), and lower CD4−CD8−/CD3+, CD3+CD4−CD8−/PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and CD14−CD16−/PBMCs cell ratios, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte count, and lymphocyte count percentage, reflecting an status of inflammation, immune suppression, and hypoxia of the pigs accompanying the progression of the lung lesions. The Mycoplasma abundance showed positive correlations with neutrophil count, neutrophil count percentage, NLR, monocyte count, coefficient of variation in red blood cell volume distribution width , and RDW-SD, and negative correlations with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte count, and lymphocyte count percentage; these correlations are largely consistent with those of lung lesions, supporting the comorbidity of lung lesions and Mycoplasma infection. We also observed nonlinear associations that sharp increases in neutrophil count and neutrophil count percentage occurred only when Mycoplasma abundance raised above the population-average level. The results provide helpful insights into the changes of host immune status in response to Mycoplasma relevant lung diseases in pigs.
Re H (A Child) (Parental Responsibility: Vaccination): The Merits of Adopting A Softer Approach To Vaccination of A Child in Care?
Authors: Ó Néill Clayton 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In Re H (A Child) (Parental Responsibility: Vaccination), the Court of Appeal decided that vaccination did not represent ‘grave’ or ‘serious’ medical treatment and determined that, in the case of a child under the care of a Local Authority, court authorization for consent to and arrangement of vaccination is no longer required. This is due to the strong medical evidence in support of vaccination. Thus, with due reference to 33(3)(b) Children Act 1989 and while considering proportionality and, particularly, the proportionate response to interference with the parents’ right to respect for private and family life under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, the court held that vaccination is in line with the best interests of the child. This commentary supports this judgment but identifies a slight prospective anomaly in the approach adopted to children in care and those who are not in care. The resolution of this dichotomy lies in broadening the scope of King LJ’s approach in this case.
Efficient potential-tuning strategy through p-type doping for designing cathodes with ultrahigh energy density
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Wang Da , Zou Zheyi , Song Tao , Ni Dixing , Li Zhenzhu , Shao Xuecheng , Yin Wanjian , Wang Yanchao , Luo Wenwei , Wu Musheng , Avdeev Maxim , Xu Bo , Shi Siqi , Ouyang Chuying , Chen Liquan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Designing new cathodes with high capacity and moderate potential is the key to breaking the energy density ceiling imposed by current intercalation chemistry on rechargeable batteries. The carbonaceous materials provide high capacities but their low potentials limit their application to anodes. Here, we show that Fermi level tuning by p-type doping can be an effective way of dramatically raising electrode potential. We demonstrate that Li(Na)BCF2/Li(Na)B2C2F2 exhibit such change in Fermi level, enabling them to accommodate Li+(Na+) with capacities of 290–400 (250–320) mAh g−1 at potentials of 3.4–3.7 (2.7–2.9) V, delivering ultrahigh energy densities of 1000–1500 Wh kg−1. This work presents a new strategy in tuning electrode potential through electronic band structure engineering.
A Tailored Approach to Cortical Bone Track for Spine Fixation Surgery: 3-Dimensional Printed Custom Made Guides for Screws Placement: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Marengo Nicola , Ajello Marco , Cofano Fabio , Santonio Filippo Veneziani , Monticelli Matteo , Di Perna Giuseppe , Zenga Francesco , Garbossa Diego 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw fixation is an attractive technique.
1-4
However, the ideal insertion of those screws could be technically demanding.
5,6
The use of 3-dimensional (3D) patient-matched guides increase safety for CBT screws implantation.
7
In this video, the case of a 46 yr old male is presented. He complained low back pain with left sciatica. magnetic resonance imaging showed an L5/S1 degenerative disc disease with left herniation. The patient was positioned prone; the L5 spinous process was identified under fluoroscopic guidance than skin incision was performed. Preserving the cranial facet joints, spinous processes and laminae of L5 and S1 vertebrae were exposed. Guides were positioned on the corresponding vertebra and the contact areas checked to avoid any discrepancy. With a high-speed drill the cortical bone was violated through the guide tubes. The drill itself has a stop mechanism provided by the guides. With this mechanism the drilling can be safely performed up to the planned depth. Guidewires were than introduced into the pedicle and body of the vertebra; undertapping could be performed with cannulated instrument. Laminectomy and facetectomy were performed. Diskectomy was performed, then a titanium kidney-shaped pivoting cage was implanted. Four Screws were finally placed. Proper positioning of the implants were verified on fluoroscopy and on the postoperative computed tomography scan confirming the accuracy of the trajectory.
All procedures performed for this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of our Institute and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient who is operated in this video.
Profiling the Extent and Location of Pain in Migraine and Cervicogenic Headache: A Cross-sectional Single-Site Observational Study
Authors: Uthaikhup Sureeporn , Barbero Marco , Falla Deborah , Sremakaew Munlika , Tanrprawate Surat , Nudsasarn Angkana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The primary aim was to quantify and compare the location and extent of pain in people with either episodic migraine, chronic migraine, or cervicogenic headache. A secondary aim was to examine the associations between pain extent and headache features, quality of life, and psychological distress for each headache type.

Design
A cross-sectional, single-site, observational study.

Setting
Headache outpatient clinic.

Subjects
From a sample of 390 patients, 114 patients with migraine or cervicogenic headache (48 episodic migraine, 30 chronic migraine, 36 cervicogenic headache) were eligible for the study.

Methods
Pain location and extent were determined using a novel approach for digital pain drawing acquisition and analysis. Headache features included intensity and history duration. Quality of life was measured using the SF-36 and psychological distress using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

Results
Overall, pain was most frequently reported in the frontal and temporal regions in patients with either episodic or chronic migraine, whereas pain was most frequent in the suboccipital region in patients with cervicogenic headache. A larger pain extent was moderately correlated with higher headache intensity (rs = 0.53, P = 0.003) and poorer quality of life (rs ranged from –0.36 to –0.40, P &lt; 0.05) in patients with chronic migraine, whereas pain extent was associated with longer headache duration in those with cervicogenic headache (rs = 0.35, P = 0.04). No correlation was found between pain extent and psychological features for any headache type (P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Despite some differences, there was a large symptomatic overlap between headache types, highlighting the limitations of using pain location in the differential diagnosis of headache.
The COVID-19 Shock and Equity Shortfall: Firm-Level Evidence from Italy
Authors: Carletti Elena , Oliviero Tommaso , Pagano Marco , Pelizzon Loriana , Subrahmanyam Marti G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We employ a representative sample of 80,972 Italian firms to forecast the drop in profits and the equity shortfall triggered by the COVID-19 lockdown. A 3-month lockdown generates an aggregate yearly drop in profits of about 10% of GDP, and 17% of sample firms, which employ 8.8% of the sample’s employees, become financially distressed. Distress is more frequent for small and medium-sized enterprises, for firms with high pre-COVID-19 leverage, and for firms belonging to the Manufacturing and Wholesale Trading sectors. Listed companies are less likely to enter distress, whereas the correlation between distress rates and family firm ownership is weak. (JEL G01, G32, G33)
Received July 8, 2020; editorial decision July 20, 2020 by Editor Uday Rajan.
Monetary Policy for a Bubbly World
Authors: Asriyan Vladimir , Fornaro Luca , Martin Alberto , Ventura Jaume 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhat is the role of monetary policy in a bubbly world? To address this question, we study an economy in which financial frictions limit the supply of assets. The ensuing scarcity generates a demand for “unbacked” assets, i.e., assets that are backed only by the expectation of their future value. We consider two types of unbacked assets: bubbles, which are created by the private sector, and money, which is created by the central bank. Bubbles and money share many features, but they also differ in two crucial respects. First, while the rents from the creation of bubbles accrue to entrepreneurs and foster investment, the rents from money creation accrue to the central bank. Second, while bubbles are driven by market psychology, and can rise and fall according to the whims of the market, money is under the control of the central bank. We characterize the optimal monetary policy and show that, through its ability to supply assets, monetary policy plays a key role in the bubbly world. The model sheds light on the recent expansion of central bank liabilities in response to the bursting of bubbles.
Religious Diversity Reconsidered: Local Religious Contexts and Individual Religiosity
Authors: Lim Chaeyoon , de Graaf Nan Dirk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study examines how the religious composition of a local U.S. population shapes an individual’s religious involvement. We reconsider Berger’s plausibility thesis and unpack its theoretical mechanisms by (1) conceptualizing religious diversity from each religious group’s perspective, because a specific local religious environment has different implications depending on one’s religion; (2) decomposing the diversity of the population into the religious outgroup’s share and diversity; and (3) including non-affiliated as part of local religious contexts. Furthermore, we adjust for the detailed categories of religious family in a multilevel framework, which addresses the problem of non-substantive correlation and potential heterogeneity among religious groups. Focusing on Protestants, Catholics, and non-affiliated, the analysis reveals that although religious diversity, especially the share of the religious outgroup, tends to be associated negatively with an individual’s religious involvement, there are important differences in how religious diversity is related to religiosity among different religious groups including Protestants and Catholics.
Assessing the entomo-epidemiological situation of Chagas disease in rural communities in the state of Piauí, Brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: dos Santos Jessica P , da Silva Renato , Ricardo-Silva Alice Helena , Verly Thaiane , Britto Constança , Evangelista Brenda B C , Rocha-Silva Liliene , da Silva Darlane F M , Oliveira Rony A , Pereira Edvan , Monteiro Kerla J L , Carvalho-Costa Filipe A , Mallet Jacenir dos S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
In northeastern Brazil, the wild nature of Trypanosoma cruzi vectors has challenged control actions. This study aims to describe the entomological and epidemiological scenario of Chagas disease in rural communities in the state of Piauí.

Methods
A cross-sectional study (n=683 individuals/244 dwellings) was carried out to obtain serum samples, sociodemographic data and intra- and peridomestic triatomines.

Results
The overall seroprevalence rate was 8.1%, with no positive tests among subjects &lt;30 y of age. Prevalence rates reached 34.3% and 39.1% among subjects 61–75 and &gt;75 y of age, respectively; 1474 triatomines were collected, of which 90.3% were found in peridomiciliary structures and 9.7% inside houses; 87.2% were classified as Triatoma brasiliensis. T. cruzi infection rates in insects were 0.5% by light microscopy and 0.9% by culture in NNN/LIT medium. Five cultivated isolates were submitted to molecular genotyping, three of which were identified as T. cruzi I and two as T. cruzi II.

Conclusions
Although no vector transmission currently occurs, prevalence rates are high in adults and the elderly. This disease should be targeted by primary healthcare providers. Insect surveillance and control activities should not be discontinued in an environment favourable to the perpetuation of house colonization by triatomines.
Phosphoproteomic Identification of Vasopressin-Regulated Protein Kinases in Collecting Duct Cells
Authors: Datta Arnab , Yang Chin-Rang , Salhadar Karim , Chou Chung-Lin , Raghuram Viswanathan , Knepper Mark A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeThe peptide hormone vasopressin regulates water transport in the renal collecting duct largely via the V2 receptor, which triggers a cAMP-mediated activation of a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent signaling network. The protein kinases downstream from PKA have not been fully identified or mapped to regulated phosphoproteins.Experimental ApproachWe carried out systems-level analysis of large-scale phosphoproteomic data quantifying vasopressin-induced changes in phosphorylation in aquaporin-2-expressing cultured collecting duct cells (mpkCCD). Quantification was done using stable isotope labeling (SILAC method).Key Results9640 phosphopeptides were quantified. Stringent statistical analysis identified significant changes in response to vasopressin in 429 of these phosphopeptides. The corresponding phosphoproteins were mapped to known vasopressin-regulated cellular processes. The vasopressin-regulated sites were classified according to the sequences surrounding the phosphorylated amino acids giving 11 groups distinguished predominantly by the amino acids at positions +1, −3, −2 and −5 relative to the phosphorylated amino acid. Among the vasopressin-regulated phosphoproteins were 25 distinct protein kinases. Among these, six of them plus PKA appeared to account for phosphorylation of more than 80% of the 313 vasopressin-regulated phosphorylation sites. The six downstream kinases were salt-inducible kinase 2 (Sik2), cyclin-dependent kinase 18 (PCTAIRE-3, Cdk18), calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (Camkk2), protein kinase D2 (Prkd2), mitogen-activated kinase 3 (ERK1; Mapk3), and myosin light chain kinase (Mylk).Conclusion and ImplicationsIn V2 receptor-mediated signaling, PKA is at the head of a complex network that includes at least 6 downstream vasopressin-regulated protein kinases that are prime targets for future study. The extensive phosphoproteomic data generated in this study is provided as a web-based data resource for future studies of G-protein coupled receptors.
G-CSF Secreted by Epigenetically Reprogrammed Mutant IDH1 Glioma Stem Cells Reverses the Myeloid Cells’-Mediated Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Alghamri Mahmoud S , Avvari Ruthvik P , Thalla Rohit , Kamran Neha , Zhang Li , Ventosa Maria , Taher Ayman , Faisal Syed Mohd , Núñez Felipe J. , Garcia-Fabiani María Belén , Haase Santiago , Carney Stephen , Orringer Daniel , Hervey-Jumper Shawn , Heth Jason , Patil Parag G , Al-Holou Wajd N , Eddy Karen , Merajver Sophia , Ulintz Peter J , Welch Joshua , Gao Chao , Liu Jialin , Núñez Gabriel , Hambardzumyan Dolores , Lowenstein Pedro R , Castro Maria G 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTMutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (mIDH) is a gain of function mutation resulting in the production of the oncometabolite, R-2-hydroxyglutarate, that inhibits DNA and histone demethylases. The resultant hypermethylation phenotype reprograms the glioma cells’ transcriptome and elicits profound effects on glioma immunity. We report that in mouse models and human gliomas,mIDH1in the context ofATRXandTP53inactivation results in global expansion of the granulocytic myeloid cells’ compartment. Single-cell RNA-sequencing coupled with mass cytometry analysis revealed that these granulocytes are mainly non-immunosuppressive neutrophils and pre-neutrophils; with a small fraction of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells. The mechanism ofmIDH1mediated pre-neutrophils expansion involves epigenetic reprogramming which leads to enhanced expression of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Blocking G-CSF restored the inhibitory potential of PMN-MDSCs and enhanced tumor progression. Thus, G-CSF induces remodeling of the inhibitory PMN-MDSCs inmIDH1glioma rendering them non-immunosuppressive; and having significant therapeutic implications.SIGNIFICANCEmIDH1is the most common mutation in gliomas associated with improved prognosis. Gliomas harboringmIDH1, together withATRXandTP53inactivation, exhibit higher circulating levels of G-CSF, ensuing the recruitment and expansion of non-suppressive neutrophils, pre-neutrophils and small fraction of PMN-MDSCs to the TME leading to an immune permissive phenotype.
Single-cell classification using learned cell phenotypes
Authors: Chen Yang , Lakshmikanth Tadepally , Mikes Jaromir , Brodin Petter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSingle-cell methods such as flow cytometry, Mass cytometry and single-cell mRNA sequencing collect high-dimensional data on thousands to millions of individual cells. An important aim during the analysis of such data is to classify cells into known categories and cell types. One commonly used approach towards this is clustering of cells with similar features followed by manual annotation of clusters in relation to known biology. A second approach, commonly used for cytometry data relies on manual sorting or “gating” of cells, often based on pairwise combinations of measurements used in a stepwise and very tedious process of cell annotation. Both of these approaches require manual inspection and annotation of every new dataset generated, a process that is not only time consuming but also subjective and surely influential for the conclusions drawn. The manual annotation is also difficult to reproduce by other researchers with a different perception of features that signify their cells of interest. Here we propose an alternative strategy based on machine learning of known phenotypes from manually curated, high-dimensional data and thereby enabling rapid classification of subsequent datasets in a more reproducible manner. This simple approach increases both throughput, reproducibility and simplicity of cell classification in single-cell biology.