bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and determinants of contraceptive method choice among women aged 15-24 years in Kenya
Authors: Kungu Wambui , Agwanda Alfred , Khasakhala Anne 
Published: March 2020

Background: Studies show a gap in addressing the reproductive health goals of younger women whose inconsistent use of contraception is high in spite of their great need for it. The women aged 15-24 present high potential for unintended pregnancy and increase the challenge for retention of users which is key in maintaining and pushing up the current gains in contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR). Objective: The objective of the study was to examine trends in contraceptive method choice for young women aged 15-24 years using modern methods and to determine factors associated with their choices. Methods: The study used data from KDHS of 2003, 2008/9 and 2014 in descriptive analysis and logistic regression to determine the socio-economic variables that influence the choice of contraceptive methods for young women. Results: Results showed a general shift in use towards long term modern contraceptives with the shift being more pronounced among young women with primary education, from rural areas, lower wealth households, and low contraceptive use regions. Women with secondary education and higher wealth status are shifting towards short term methods. Findings confirmed socio-demographic factors of age, education, wealth status and type of region as predictors of contraceptive use. Conclusions: Contraceptive information and services should be enhanced for young women to make informed choices concerning their reproductive and sexual health to enable them complete school and transition to colleges to acquire relevant skills that will make them optimally productive and lead Kenya to achieving the demographic dividend.
Decreasing Hypoglycemia following Insulin Administration for Inpatient Hyperkalemia
Authors: Tran Allen Vinh , Rushakoff Robert J , Prasad Priya , Murray Sara G , Monash Bradley , Macmaster Heidemarie 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUNDAcute hyperkalemia (serum potassium ≥ 5.1 mEq/L) is often treated with a bolus of IV insulin. This treatment may result in iatrogenic hypoglycemia (glucose < 70 mg/dl).OBJECTIVESThe aims of this study were to accurately determine the frequency of iatrogenic hypoglycemia following insulin treatment for hyperkalemia, and to develop an electronic health record (EHR) orderset to decrease the risk for iatrogenic hypoglycemia.DESIGNThis study was an observational, prospective study.SETTINGThe setting for this study was a university hospital.PATIENTSAll nonobstetric adult inpatients in all acute and intensive care units were eligible.INTERVENTIONImplementation of a hyperkalemia orderset (Orderset 1.1) with glucose checks before and then one, two, four, and six hours after regular intravenous insulin administration. Based on the results from Orderset 1.1, Orderset 1.2 was developed and introduced to include weight‐based dosing of insulin options, alerts identifying patients at higher risk of hypoglycemia, and tools to guide decision‐making based on the preinsulin blood glucose level.MEASUREMENTSPatient demographics, weight, diabetes history, potassium level, renal function, and glucose levels were recorded before, and then glucose levels were measured again at one, two, four, and six hours after insulin was administered.RESULTSThe iatrogenic hypoglycemia rate identified with mandatory glucose checks in Orderset 1.1 was 21%; 92% of these occurred within three hours posttreatment. Risk factors for hypoglycemia included decreased renal function (serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dl), a high dose of insulin (>0.14 units/kg), and re‐treatment with blood glucose < 140 mg/dl. After the introduction of Orderset 1.2, the rate of iatrogenic hypoglycemia decreased to 10%.CONCLUSIONSThe use of an EHR orderset for treating hyperkalemia may reduce the risk of iatrogenic hypoglycemia in patients receiving insulin while still adequately lowering their potassium.
Percutaneous leverage technique for reduction of radial neck fractures in children: Technical tips
Authors: Watkins Colyn J. , Yeung Caleb M. , Rademacher Emily , Kramer Dennis E. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose Paediatric radial neck fractures are challenging to treat. Multiple strategies exist for reduction and fixation; there is no clear consensus on the best surgical technique to achieve reduction. The percutaneous leverage technique is a method for reduction of radial neck fractures that has previously been described by Wallace, though there is a lack of published literature on this technique. We present a technical note and a modest case series on our modification to the percutaneous leverage technique accompanied by intramedullary fixation. Methods We describe a retrospective series of patients who underwent the modified percutaneous leverage technique for paediatric radial neck fracture reduction followed by flexible intramedullary nail fixation at a single Level I trauma centre from 2008 to 2016. This technique involves making a small incision over the dorsal border of the ulna and using a blunt curved surgical forceps to dissect towards the ulnar border of the radius just distal to the radial neck fracture site. The curved forceps is then used to push the radial shaft away from the ulnar shaft which reduces the radial neck fracture. Intramedullary fixation is then utilized to stabilize the reduction. Pre- and postoperative radiographs and clinical data from the medical record were reviewed, and patient, injury and treatment characteristics as well as complication rates are summarized. Results We successfully treated a series of eight radial neck fractures with the modified percutaneous leverage technique. This technique allows for a small incision and a minimally invasive method for the reduction of paediatric radial neck fractures. This allowed for subsequent intramedullary fixation and early postoperative elbow mobilization. In our series, no patients developed synostoses or sustained peripheral nerve injuries using this technique. Conclusion The modified percutaneous leverage technique followed by intramedullary fixation is a safe and effective technique for fixation of displaced paediatric radial neck fractures. Level of Evidence Level IV
Predictors of Career Adaptability Skill among Higher Education Students in Nigeria
Authors: Ebenehi Amos Shaibu , Rashid Abdullah Mat , Bakar Ab Rahim 
Published: March 2020

This paper examined predictors of career adaptability skill among higher education students in Nigeria. A sample of 603 higher education students randomly selected from six colleges of education in Nigeria participated in this study. A set of self-reported questionnaire was used for data collection, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that 33.3% of career adaptability skill was explained by the model. Four out of the five predictor variables significantly predicted career adaptability skill among higher education students in Nigeria. Among the four predictors, career self-efficacy sources was the most statistically significant predictor of career adaptability skill among higher education students in Nigeria, followed by personal goal orientation, career future concern, and perceived social support respectively. Vocational identity did not statistically predict career adaptability skill among higher education students in Nigeria. The study suggested that similar study should be replicated in other parts of the world in view of the importance of career adaptability skill to the smooth transition of graduates from school to the labor market. The study concluded by requesting stakeholders of higher institutions in Nigeria to provide career exploration database for the students, and encourage career intervention program in order to enhance career adaptability skill among the students.
Supporting Vocational Students' Development of Preventive Behaviour at Work: A Phenomenological Analysis of Teachers' Experiences
Authors: Lecours Alexandra , Therriault Pierre-Yves 
Published: March 2020

Statistics indicate that even if young workers complete vocational training, as a group they are at risk of sustaining injury. It appears that a lack of training in the area of injury prevention may explain some of this effect. Teachers are considered to be key actors in injury-prevention training and in the process of developing students' preventive behaviour at work, but little is known about the reality. The objective of this study was to understand how teachers experience their activities in support of students' development of injury-prevention behaviour at work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven teachers from four different vocational training programs. The content of the interviews was then examined using phenomenological analysis. Results show representations participants form of occupational health and safety, of injury-prevention behaviour and of their roles as teachers in relation to prevention. A closer look at these roles reveals the daily challenges teachers encounter. Among other things, there seems to be a lack of continuity in the training process, insufficient pedagogical resources and resistance on the students' part. Results offer an insight into teachers' experience with their part in the support of vocational students' development of injury-preventing behaviour. It appears they recognize having to play an active role in the development of injury-preventing behaviour at work among students, but have to face daily challenges affecting their teaching. Results of this study can serve as a starting point to make improvements to the injury-prevention training offered in vocational training centres.
Decision-Making Processes Among Potential Dropouts in Vocational Education and Training and Adult Learning
Authors: Aarkrog Vibe , Wahlgren Bjarne , Larsen Christian Hougaard , Mariager-Anderson Kristina , Gottlieb Susanne 
Published: March 2020

Context: Aiming at gaining knowledge about students' thoughts and actions in deciding to stay in or drop out of an educational programme, an empirical study was conducted on dropout among 18-24-year-old students in VET and basic general adult learning. Approach: In order to pursue this aim, the study combined two sets of data: weekly student surveys and interviews with these same students. While the surveys provide a weekly snapshot of the students' thoughts regarding the probability of them continuing in the programme, their satisfaction with the educational programme as a whole, the specific lessons they attend, and the atmosphere at the school, the interviews contribute with detailed descriptions of the students' thoughts on the same matters.Findings: Based on the students' answers over an eight-week period, it was possible to trace a graph illustrating changes in the students' attitudes. These graphs can be placed within four categories of development: the stable, the positive, the unstable, and the negative. The latter can furthermore be differentiated as reflecting a stable decline, a fluctuating decline, or a sudden decline. In the interviews, the aim was to elicit the individual students' thoughts and actions at the points when their graphs took a turn. Conclusions: The findings show that the students' thoughts and actions concern matters both inside and outside the school. Furthermore, seemingly trivial matters in the students' lives are shown to have a potentially decisive influence on the students' thoughts about staying in or dropping out of a programme. These findings confirm the importance of focusing on students' decision-making processes in research on dropout. However, further research is needed to increase understanding of processes leading to decisions to drop out of education, including the qualification of methods to capture these processes.
Crossing Boundaries: VET, the Labour Market and Social Justice
Authors: Avis James 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: The paper explores the relationship between vocational education and training (VET), the labour market and social justice in the current conjuncture.Approach: The paper adopts an approach rooted in critical policy analysis. It consequently sets the discussion within the wider socio-economic and political context. Such an approach enables an exploration of the changing nature of waged labour in current conditions.Results: A critical policy analysis facilitates a discussion of the labour process, waged labour and its intensification. At the same time these processes are allied to the effective expulsion and marginalisation of particular groups of workers from employment. Importantly, such processes need to be placed in their localised and spatial context within particular social formations.Conclusion: Equity models of social justice that emphasise equal opportunities, are restrictive and can be contrasted with equality models which have a more expansive and philosophically rooted understanding of justice. The paper through its examination of the salience of VET in the current conjuncture as well as its significance for a post austerity democratic and radical politics, argues for a relational analysis that seeks to interrupt the patterns of inequality precipitated by neo-liberalism.
Tunable narrow-linewidth 226  nm laser for hypersonic flow velocimetry
Authors: Dai Shutao , Jiang Tao , Wu Hongchun , Zhang Zhi , Wu Lixia , Gong Hongming , Weng Wen , Deng Jing , Zheng Hui , Lin Wenxiong 
Published: March 2020

We report on the development and application of a novel, to the best of our knowledge, all-solid-state tunable narrow-linewidth 226 nm UV laser system. The laser system consists of three parts: a tunable single-frequency Ti:sapphire 787 nm laser, a single-frequency long-pulse-width flattop-shaped 532 nm laser, and a nonlinear frequency transformation system. The 532 nm laser is a sum-frequency mixed with the second harmonic of the 787 nm laser to produce the 226 nm laser. The maximum output pulse energy at 226 nm is 3 mJ. Nitric oxide planar laser-induced fluorescence velocimetry is demonstrated in the China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center’s FD14 hypersonic shock tunnel using this 226 nm laser system. It is proven that this laser is convenient for high-resolution molecular tagging fluorescence spectroscopy.
Absorção de água em argamassa leve com a incorporação de poliestireno expandido
Authors: Da Silva Max Weverton Moreira , Azevedo Caroline Menezes , Farias Lucas Sousa , Gomes Elizangela Mayara da Rosa , Cordeiro Luciana de Nazaré Pinheiro 
Published: March 2020

Este artigo apresenta o efeito da incorporação do poliestireno expandido (EPS) na resistência e durabilidade de argamassas leves. Foram investigadas as propriedades de durabilidade, por meio dos ensaios de absorção por capilaridade e absorção de água por imersão. No estado endurecido, analisou-se também a resistência à compressão e a densidade de massa. Para isso, produziu-se argamassas com traços de cimento/areia de 1:4,5, 1:5 e 1:6 e com teores de incorporação de EPS 0%, 20% e 30%, em volume. Os resultados demonstram que as argamassas leves com EPS apresentam melhores propriedades de durabilidade que as argamassas convencionais, uma vez que obtiveram menor absorção de água comparadas as de referência. Por outro lado, essas argamassas possuem resistência à compressão inferior as tradicionais.
Anisotropic liquid drop models
Authors: Choksi Rustum , Neumayer Robin , Topaloglu Ihsan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We introduce and study certain variants of Gamow’s liquid drop model in which an anisotropic surface energy replaces the perimeter.
After existence and nonexistence results are established, the shape of minimizers is analyzed.
Under suitable regularity and ellipticity assumptions on the surface tension, Wulff shapes are minimizers in this problem if and only if the surface energy is isotropic.
In sharp contrast, Wulff shapes are the unique minimizers for certain crystalline surface tensions.
We also introduce and study several related liquid drop models with anisotropic repulsion for which the Wulff shape is the minimizer in the small mass regime.
IgG4-related disease: a case report
Authors: de las Heras Flórez Silvia , Pérez Mercedes Carretero , Sanz Díaz Carmen Teresa , Medina García José Alejandro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a condition that was first described recently, and is capable of affecting any organ of the body. Diagnosis is based on the correlation of clinical findings with histopathological findings and elevated serum IgG4. Treatment involves corticosteroids and rituximab for the most severe cases. We report the case of a symptomatic patient diagnosed of IgG4-RD whose diagnosed was guided by elevated serum IgG4 levels.
Improved Interpolation Inequalities and Stability
Authors: Dolbeault Jean , Esteban Maria J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For exponents in the subcritical range, we revisit some optimal interpolation inequalities on the sphere with carré du champ methods and use the remainder terms to produce improved inequalities. The method provides us with lower estimates of the optimal constants in the symmetry breaking range and stability estimates for the optimal functions. Some of these results can be reformulated in the Euclidean space using the stereographic projection.
The critical role of laboratory medicine during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other viral outbreaks
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Plebani Mario 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019, abbreviated to COVID-19 and sustained by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the latest biological hazard to assume the relevance of insidious worldwide threat. One obvious question that is now engaging the minds of many scientists and healthcare professionals is whether and eventually how laboratory medicine could efficiently contribute to counteract this and other (future) viral outbreaks. Despite there being evidence that laboratory tests are vital throughout many clinical pathways, there are at least three major areas where in vitro diagnostics can also provide essential contributions to diagnostic reasoning and managed care of patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. These include etiological diagnosis, patient monitoring, as well as epidemiologic surveillance. Nonetheless, some structural and practical aspects may generate substantial hurdles in providing timely and efficient response to this infectious emergency, which basically include inadequate (insufficient) environment and shortage of technical and human resources for facing enhanced volume of tests on many infected patients, some of whom are with severe disease. Some proactive and reactive strategies may hence be identified to confront this serious healthcare challenge, which entail major investments on conventional laboratory resources, reinforcement of regional networks of clinical laboratories, installation of mobile laboratories, as well as being proactive in establishing laboratory emergency plans.
Hård sentimentalisme og seksualiseret middelalder i Tom Kristensens En Kavaler i Spanien
Authors: Vangshardt Rasmus 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Tom Kristensen’s travel book En Kavaler i Spanien (1926) was the result of a stay at the Danish explorer Knud Rasmussen’s house, where Kristensen not only met his physical and psychological superior, he also began his artistic development and personal breakdown towards the novel Hærværk (1930). The article argues that with a departure from this context, En Kavaler i Spanien can be read as an original and complex subgenre of the sentimental novel and it suggests that the work might best be categorized as ‘hard sentimentalism’. This subgenre of the travel novel can be identified in the intertwinement of the core thematic of the book — eroticism, medieval Spain and identity loss — with style and form. The paradoxical generic notion of ‘hard sentimentalism’ is used to connect medieval Spain with the erotic, but in an increasingly dangerous way, which threatens the traveler’s identity by increasing homosexual attraction and opening an abyss of degeneration and distorted emptiness behind the flirt.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Feng , Wang Gongchao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a perioperative treatment intended to speed up recovery of surgical patients. Pulmonary lobectomy is a high-risk procedure, which ERAS is intended to address.

Objective
We evaluated the application of ERAS to patients with lung cancer.

Interventions/Methods
Of 337 patients who underwent pulmonary lobectomies for lung cancer at our hospital, 168 received traditional perioperative nursing, and 169 received ERAS. Their complication rates, numerical rating scale of pain (NRS), satisfaction with care, demographics and some inpatient indices before and after surgery were compared.

Results
The two groups did not significantly differ in general data or NRS score at 6 post-operative hours (P = 0.214) and 1 post-operative day (POD; P = 0.027). The ERAS group had lower incidence of postoperative lung complication (P = 0.008), shorter length of stay (P < 0.001), shorter enterokinesia recovery times (P < 0.001), lower hospitalization costs (P < 0.001), lower NRS scores at POD 2–5 (P < 0.001), higher nursing satisfaction (P < 0.001), and higher postoperative pulmonary function indices of maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV; P < 0.001), forced vital capacity (FVC; P = 0.002), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1; P = 0.002) than did the traditional group.

Conclusion
ERAS is applicable to lung surgery patients.

Implications for Practice
Applying ERAS to thoracic surgery patients can alleviate their postoperative pain, shorten enterokinesia recovery, lower postoperative complication incidence, reduce hospitalization expenses, and raise nursing satisfaction, thereby expediting recovery.
Preparation and characterization of chitosan grafted poly(lactic acid) films for biomedical composites
Authors: Debnath Tonmoy , Islam Md. Sazedul , Hoque Sirajul , Haque Papia , Rahman Mohammed Mizanur 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolymer composites offer a great advantage in biomedical field over the traditional materials used like, metal, ceramics, or polymer alone. Polymer composites provide tailor-made facilities to design required physiological and mechanical properties in biomedical products. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a popular aliphatic polyester used in various biomedical products because they have a renewable source and after resorption they enter well into the Krebs cycle of the human body. However, PLA suffers from hydrolysis and subsequent weight loss in aqueous environment. To improve the hydrolytic properties of hydrophobic PLA and to incorporate the biocompatibility from chitosan (CS) into it, in this study CS has been grafted onto PLA film. CS with 78% of degree of deacetylation and viscosity average molecular weight of about 8,31,760 Da was grafted onto hydrolyzed PLA film surface. Kjeldahl analysis confirmed the attachment of CS onto the PLA films. From thermal stability analysis, it was observed that percentage of weight retention at 600°C of the CS-g-PLA was around 15% higher than that of pure PLA. The mechanical properties of final CS-grafted-PLA composites showed more resistance to hydrolytic degradation than that of pure PLA film.