bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green space and early childhood development: a systematic review
Authors: Islam Mohammad Zahirul , Johnston Jessika , Sly Peter D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe urban environment presents significant health challenges for children, such as discouraging physical exercise and increasing exposure to air pollution, excessive noise and higher temperatures. Reducing exposures to these negative environmental factors can have great benefits on a child’s well-being and lower their risk of developing chronic diseases later in life. There is increasing evidence that suggests that the presence of urban green space can offer benefits to human health and well-being. While studies have reported the impact green space exposure has on the individual health outcomes of children, few have paid attention to the link between green space and the child’s development. This review aims to synthesise the evidence of the effect green space exposure has on early childhood development.ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between green space and early childhood development.MethodsAn online search was conducted using pre-identified keywords related to green space and early childhood development using search engines such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, MeSH and PsycINFO. Peer-reviewed papers published in the past 10 years were included in this review. Papers were selected, extracted, analysed and interpreted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsFifty-one papers were identified, of which 28 were excluded due to duplications or irrelevance, yielding a total of 23 papers to be reviewed. Articles were categorised based on reported outcomes: perinatal health, physical health, psychological health and respiratory health. An increase in green space during pregnancy was associated with increased birth weight and a decreased risk for low birth weight (LBW). Further, higher greenness exposure during childhood was associated with increased levels of physical activity and a lower risk of obesity and neurodevelopmental issues such as inattentiveness. While green space exposure was negatively associated with wheezing and bronchitis in some cohorts, certain plant species increase asthmatic symptoms during childhood, indicating that plant species type is an important determinant.ConclusionThe extant literature on green space exposure and early childhood development is small. Regardless, the existing research provides promising insights into the benefits of green space exposure on children’s health and well-being in an ever-increasing urban world. Further research is needed on the causal relationships between both quantity and quality of green space to early childhood development.
Sensitive Periods to Train General Motor Abilities in Children and Adolescents: Do They Exist? A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Van Hooren Bas , De Ste Croix Mark 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Some long-term athlete development models have proposed generic sensitive periods or “windows of opportunity” during childhood and adolescence that are optimal for training general motor abilities such as strength or speed. However, it remains unclear whether these periods exist. This review will therefore critically appraise the rationale behind generic sensitive periods. We discuss several issues with generic sensitive periods and argue that general motor abilities and the associated sensitive periods do not exist. The identified issues with generic sensitive periods question their validity and we therefore suggest that they should not be used to train youth athletes.
Pathogen Genetic Control of Transcriptome Variation in theArabidopsis thaliana–Botrytis cinereaPathosystem
Authors: Soltis Nicole E , Caseys Celine , Zhang Wei , Corwin Jason A , Atwell Susanna , Kliebenstein Daniel J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDisease arises from the interaction of two genomes, host and pathogen genomes. To highlight these genomic interactions, Soltis et al. performed genome-wide association (GWA) based on genetic variation in the pathogen...In plant–pathogen relations, disease symptoms arise from the interaction of the host and pathogen genomes. Host–pathogen functional gene interactions are well described, whereas little is known about how the pathogen genetic variation modulates both organisms’ transcriptomes. To model and generate hypotheses on a generalist pathogen control of gene expression regulation, we used the Arabidopsis thaliana–Botrytis cinerea pathosystem and the genetic diversity of a collection of 96 B. cinerea isolates. We performed expression-based genome-wide association (eGWA) for each of 23,947 measurable transcripts in Arabidopsis (host), and 9267 measurable transcripts in B. cinerea (pathogen). Unlike other eGWA studies, we detected a relative absence of locally acting expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL), partly caused by structural variants and allelic heterogeneity hindering their identification. This study identified several distantly acting trans-eQTL linked to eQTL hotspots dispersed across Botrytis genome that altered only Botrytis transcripts, only Arabidopsis transcripts, or transcripts from both species. Gene membership in the trans-eQTL hotspots suggests links between gene expression regulation and both known and novel virulence mechanisms in this pathosystem. Genes annotated to these hotspots provide potential targets for blocking manipulation of the host response by this ubiquitous generalist necrotrophic pathogen.
Mobile medical unit as a rational model of modern mobile medical formation operating in the metropolis in emergency situations
Authors: Sboev A. O. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of the study. Substantiation of organizational principles of development of the health system of the population of the megalopolis in emergency situations. The article analyzes the stages of creation, testing and practical implementation of the modern organizational and staff structure of mobile medical formation and its functioning to meet the needs of the peaceful population of Moscow in Moscow pre-hospital period (2013-2017).Materials and methods. A survey of 112 respondents from 57 industry-specific metropolitan organizations and enterprises of the state healthcare system was conducted on the main indicators of the activities of institutions involved in the formation of a mobile medical unit. The result of this questionnaire was an assessment of the personnel potential of outpatient polyclinic establishments-shapers of mobile medical units, as well as the provision of full-time property and material resources of organizations and enterprises of the Moscow City Health Department involved in their formation. 24 research exercises were conducted on the formation and use of mobile medical teams to eliminate the health consequences of emergencies.Results. The article considers the issues of resource support of organizations and enterprises of the state healthcare system of Moscow. The calculation of the internal reserves of outpatient clinics of the Moscow Department of Health has been prepared, reflecting the personnel potential of the medical organizations that form the units. Research exercises have been carried out on the formation of mobile medical units, the issuance of medical equipment and sanitary equipment for them from medical warehouses, as well as the functioning of the units of mobile medical units during the mass arrival of people of various profiles.Conclusion. The study showed that the organizational foundations in the field of medical support for the population in emergencies make it possible to ensure the formation of a mobile medical unit with labor and material resources with the maximum use of internal reserves of regional health care. The proposed model of the organizational structure of a modern medical formation is an alternative to the bulky and inactive first aid unit that has existed for more than 40 years.
SUSTAINABLE HIGHER EDUCATION LEADERSHIP: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH FROM THE FUNCTIONALIST PARADIGM FOR HIGHER INSTITUTIONS OF LEARNING
Authors: Jibirin Salihu Muftahu , Musallam Ramadneh Nayel , Ahmad Rashid Rabiatul-Adawiah 
Published: March 2020

Propose of the study: This paper intends to explore the concept of sustainable higher education leadership and to develop a propose conceptual approach of leadership for higher institutions of learning from the perspective of the functionalist paradigm.
The Methodology: The paper critically analyzed the concept of sustainable higher education leadership, explore the functionalist paradigm, and their relevance in leading higher institutions of learning. The paper have methodologically selected the three main concepts of the paradigm and link them with higher institutions of learning and work out a plan and modalities on how they could be applied in practice.
Main Findings: The main findings and the contribution of the paper were identified in the two main sections. The first, explore the definitions and features of various functionalist paradigm and its dimensions within the cycle of leadership. While the second part of the paper synthesized the theories and discuss their relevance with sustainable leadership in higher education and systematically come up with a framework/model that is practically applicable within the context of higher educational institutions of learning.
Applications of this study: This research can be applicable to the higher institutions of learning including Universities, Polytechnics, Colleges as well as Moto-technics.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This research paper has critically analyzed the functionalist paradigm with a specific focus on leadership and systematically come up with a framework/model on how such can be applied in the leadership of higher educational institutions of learning.
Prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease in a central Chinese urban population: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Duan Jiayu , Duan Guang-Cai , Wang Chong-Jian , Liu Dong-Wei , Qiao Ying-Jin , Pan Shao-Kang , Jiang Deng-Ke , Liu Yong , Zhao Zi-Hao , Liang Lu-Lu , Tian Fei , Liu Zhang-Suo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : This study was conducted to evaluate and update the current prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in China.
Methods : From December 2017 to June 2018, a total of 5231 subjects were randomly enrolled from 3 communities in 3 districts of Zhengzhou. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min.1.73m 2 or urinary albumin to creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g (albuminuria). Diabetic subjects with systolic blood blood pressure > 140 mmHg, albuminuria or an eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 were classified as having DKD. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing lifestyle and relevant medical history, and blood and urine specimens were taken. Serum creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and urinary albumin were assessed. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of CKD and DKD were calculated, and risk factors associated with the presence of reduced eGFR, albuminuria, DKD, severity of albuminuria and progression of reduced renal function were analyzed by binary and ordinal logistic regression.
Results : The overall adjusted prevalence of CKD was 16.8% (15.8 – 17.8%) and that of DKD was 3.5% (3.0 – 4.0%). Decreased renal function was detected in 132 participants (2.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5 – 3.2%), whereas albuminuria was found in 858 participants (14.9%, 95% CI: 13.9 – 15.9%). In all participants with diabetes, the prevalence of reduced eGFR was 6.3% (95% CI = 3.9 – 8.6%) and that of albuminuria was 45.3% (95% CI = 40.4 – 50.1%). The overall prevalence of CKD in participants with diabetes was 48.0% (95% CI = 43.1 – 52.9%). The results of the binary and ordinal logistic regression indicated that the factors independently associated with a higher risk of reduced eGFR and albuminuria were older age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia.
Conclusions : Our study shows the current prevalence of CKD and DKD in residents of Central China. The high prevalence suggests an urgent need to implement interventions to relieve the high burden of CKD and DKD in China.
Men’s view on participation in decisions about Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening: Patient and public involvement in development of a survey
Authors: Birkeland Søren , Pedersen Susanne S , Haakonsson Anders K , Barry Michael J , Rottmann Nina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening for early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) may prevent some cancer deaths, but also may miss some cancers or lead to unnecessary and potentially harmful treatment. Therefore, involving patients in decision-making about PSA screening is recommended. However, we know little about the attitude of men regarding participation in decisions about PSA screening and how to assess such attitudes. The purpose of this paper is to describe patient and public participation in the development of a national, web-based case vignette survey for studying men’s view on participation in decision-making about PSA screening.

Methods: The project group developed a first draft plan for the survey, its vignettes and choice of measurements. This included multiple vignette variants representing various levels of patient participation in decision-making about PSA screening with different outcomes. Additionally, it included questions on respondents’ satisfaction with imagined courses of health care, their propensity to initiate a malpractice complaint, their own health care experiences, socio-demography, personality, and preferences for control regarding health care decision-making. Following feedback from a workshop with academic peers on the draft plan, a group of 30 adult men was engaged to help develop case vignette versions and questionnaire items by providing feedback on structure, comprehension, response patterns, and time required to complete the survey. Furthermore, a panel of three patients with PCa experience was assembled to assist development through a separate review-and-feedback process.

Results: Based on reviews of survey drafts, the large group made further suggestions about construction of the survey (e.g. clarification and modification of case vignette versions, deletion of items and adjustment of wording, instructions to guide respondents, replacement of technical terms, and optimization of sequence of survey elements). The patient panel ensured fine-tuning of vignette versions and questionnaire items and helped review the internet version of the survey.

Conclusions: Patient and public involvement during various phases of the survey development helped modify and refine survey structure and content. The survey exemplifies a way to measure health care users’ satisfaction with imagined courses of health care and wish to complain, taking into account their characteristics.
Analysis of Causes of Death Among Brought-in-Dead Cases in a Third-Level Hospital in Lusaka, Republic of Zambia, Using the Tariff Method 2.0 for Verbal Autopsy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yokobori Yuta , Matsuura Jun , Sugiura Yasuo , Mutemba Charles , Nyahoda Martin , Mwango Chomba , Kazhumbula Lloyd , Yuasa Motoyuki , Chiluba Clarence 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Over one third of deaths in Zambian health facilities involve someone who has already died before arrival (i.e., Brough in Dead[横堀1] ), and in most BiD cases, the CoD have not been fully analyzed. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the function of automated VA based on the Tariff Method 2.0 to identify the CoD among the BiD cases and the usefulness by comparing the data on the death notification form. Methods: The target site was one third-level hospital in the Republic of Zambia’s capital city. All BiD cases who reached the target health facility [横堀2] from January to August 2017 were included. The deceased’s closest relatives were interviewed using a structured VA questionnaire and the data were analyzed using the SmartVA to determine the CoD at the individual and population level. The CoD were compared with description on the death notification forms by using t-test and Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results: [横堀3] 1378 and 209 cases were included for persons aged 13 years and older (Adult) and those aged 1 month to 13 years old (Child), respectively. The top CoD for Adults were infectious diseases followed by non-communicable diseases and that for Child were infectious diseases, followed by accidents. The proportion of cases with a determined CoD was significantly higher when using the SmartVA (75% for Adult and 67% for Child) than the death notification form (61%). A proportion (42.7% for Adult and 46% for Child) of the CoD-determined cases matched in both sources, with a low concordance rate for Adult (kappa coefficient = 0.1385) and a good for Child(kappa coefficient = 0.635). Conclusions: The CoD of the BiD cases were successfully analyzed using the SmartVA for the first time in Zambia. While there many erroneous descriptions on the death notification form, the SmartVA could determine the CoD among more BiD cases. Since the information on the death notification form is reflected in the national vital statistics, more accurate and complete CoD data are required. In order to strengthen the death registration system with accurate CoD, it will be useful to embed the SmartVA in Zambia’s health information system.
Effects of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D supplementation on stroke among patients receiving peritoneal dialysis
Authors: You Xiaohan , Zhou Ying , Zhang Jianna , Zhou Qiongxiu , Shi Yanling , Su Zhen , Chen Chaoshen , Shao Rongrong , Zhang Ji 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients have a high incidence of stroke and commonly have increased parathyroid hormone levels and vitamin D insufficiency. We seek to investigate the incidence of stroke and the role of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D supplementation in stroke risk among CAPD patients.Methods: This study employed a retrospective design. We enrolled a Chinese cohort of 980 CAPD patients who were routinely followed in our department. The demographic and clinical data were recorded at the time of initial CAPD and during follow-up. The included patients were separated into non-stroke and stroke groups. The effects of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D supplementation on stroke in CAPD patients was evaluated. The primary endpoint is defined as the first occurrence of stroke, and composite endpoint events are defined as death or switch to hemodialysis during follow-up.Results: A total of 757 eligible CAPD patients with a mean follow-up time of 54.7 (standard deviation, 33) months were included in the study. The median incidence of stroke among our CAPD patients was 18.9 (interquartile range, 15.7 - 22.1) per 1000 person-years. A significant nonlinear correlation between baseline iPTH and hazard of stroke (p-value of linear association = 0.2 and nonlinear association = 0.002) was observed in our univariate Cox regression analysis, and low baseline iPTH levels (≤150 pg/ml) were associated with an increased cumulative hazard of stroke. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated a significant interaction effect between age and iPTH after adjusting for other confounders. Vitamin D supplementation during follow-up was a predictive factor for stroke in our cohort. Conclusions: CAPD patients suffered a high risk of stroke, and lower iPTH levels were significantly correlated with an increased risk of stroke. Nevertheless, vitamin D supplementation may reduce the risk of stroke in these patients.
Prevalence and Correlates of Bullying in Physiotherapy Education in Nigeria
Authors: Mbada Chidozie Emmanuel , Ogunseun Idowu Phebean , Fasuyi Francis Oluwafunso , Adegbemigun Oluwafemi David , Fatoye Clara Toyin , Idowu Opeyemi Ayodiipo , Johnson Olubusola Esther , Odole Adesola Christiana , Okonji Adaobi Margaret , Kaka Basir , Fatoye Francis 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Bullying is an unexpressed part and parcel of medical education but it is largely unexplored in physiotherapy. This study assessed the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of bullying in physiotherapy education in Nigeria. Methods: Two hundred and nineteen clinical physiotherapy students from three purposively selected Federal Universities in Nigeria participated in this study. Following a cross-sectional design, the Students Perception of Professor Bullying Questionnaire (SPPBQ) was used to obtain information on bullying. The SPPBQ includes a working definition of lecturer bullying followed by other sections inquiring about lecturers bullying experiences. Data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics, bullying experiences and availability of adequate policy and support on bullying. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used analyze data. Alpha level was set at p<0.05. Results: Lifetime and point prevalence of bullying in physiotherapy education were 98.6% and 99.1%. 94.5% of the respondents had witnessed physiotherapy students bullying and there was a 100% rate of ‘no attempt’ to stop a physiotherapy lecturer from bullying. 38.4% and 44.7% of the respondents believed there was adequate school policy and support available on bullying. There was no significant association between bullying and each of age (𝜒2=0.117, p = 0.943), gender (𝜒2=0.001, p = 0.974), level of study (𝜒2=0.000, p = 0.995) and any specific university (𝜒2=1.343, p = 0.511).Conclusion: There is high lifetime and point prevalence of bullying in physiotherapy education in Nigeria, which are largely unchallenged or redressed. Being a clinical physiotherapy student ordinarily predisposes to bullying without necessary contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
Comparison of overall survival on surgical resection versus transarterial chemoembolization with or without radiofrequency ablation in intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Lin Chih-Wen , Chen Yaw-Sen , Lo Gin-Ho , Hsu Yao-Chun , Hsu Chia-Chang , Wu Tsung-Chin , Yeh Jen-Hao , Hsiao Pojen , Hsieh Pei-Min , Lin Hung-Yu , Shu Chih-Wen , Hung Chao-Ming 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are recommended to undergo transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). However, TACE in combination with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is not inferior to surgical resection (SR), and the benefits of surgical resection (SR) for BCLC stage B HCC remain unclear. Hence, this study aims to compare the impact of SR, TACE+RFA, and TACE on analyzing overall survival (OS) in BCLC stage B HCC.
Methods: Overall, 428 HCC patients were included in BCLC stage B, and their clinical data and OS were recorded. OS was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis.
Results: One hundred forty (32.7%) patients received SR, 231 (53.9%) received TACE+RFA, and 57 (13.3%) received TACE. The OS was significantly higher in the SR group than that in the TACE+RFA group [hazard ratio (HR): 1.78; 95% confidence incidence (CI): 1.15-2.75, p=0.009]. The OS was significantly higher in the SR group than that in the TACE group (HR: 3.17; 95% CI: 2.31-4.36, p<0.0001). Moreover, the OS was significantly higher in the TACE+RFA group than that in the TACE group (HR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.21-2.74, p=0.004). The cumulative OS rates at 1, 3 and 5 years in the SR, TACE+RFA, and TACE groups were 89.2%, 69.4% and 61.2%, 86.0%, 57.9% and 38.2%, and 69.5%, 37.0% and 15.2%, respectively. After propensity score matching, the SR group still had a higher OS than those of the TACE+RFA and TACE groups. The TACE+RFA group had a higher OS than that of the TACE group.
Conclusion: The SR group had higher OS than the TACE+RFA and TACE groups in BCLC stage B HCC. Furthermore, the TACE+RFA group had higher OS than the TACE group.