bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Satisfaction and Frequency of Orgasm in Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain due to Endometriosis
Authors: Hämmerli Silvan , Kohl-Schwartz Alexandra , Imesch Patrick , Rauchfuss Martina , Wölfler Monika M. , Häberlin Felix , von Orelli Stephanie , Leeners Brigitte 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Dyspareunia, one of the main symptoms of the chronic gynecological pelvic pain disorder endometriosis, may interfere with the likelihood of reaching an orgasm, yet for women with dyspareunia, no data on orgasm rates in different sexual activities are available.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability to reach an orgasm and its association with sexual satisfaction during different sexual activities in women with a chronic pelvic pain disorder and in healthy control women.

Methods
A set of questionnaires including the brief index of sexual functioning and global sexual functioning was used to evaluate sexuality in women affected with endometriosis (n = 434) and a nonaffected control group (n = 434) recruited in German-speaking countries.

Outcomes
The primary outcome measure of this study was the orgasm rate during different types of sexual activities.

Results
Only the ability to have an orgasm during sexual intercourse (P = .002) but not during masturbation (P = .509) or partnered noncoital sexual activities (P = .229) is affected by endometriosis. Dyspareunia was associated with a reduced ability to experience an orgasm during intercourse for endometriosis patients (P = .020) and control women (P = .006). The ability to orgasm during noncoital sexual activities (P = .006) and sexual intercourse (P = .038) was associated with a higher sexual satisfaction in women with endometriosis. For controls, only the ability to achieve an orgasm with sexual intercourse was associated with sexual satisfaction (P = .038).

Clinical implications
Sexual counselling as part of medical support could help couples living with chronic pelvic pain of the female partner integrate noncoital sexual activities in their sex lives, leading to fewer sex-related problems and higher sexual desire and satisfaction.

Strengths and limitations
This study is the first to examine different ways of achieving an orgasm and sexual satisfaction in a large group of women with endometriosis and a matched control group. The breadth of the questionnaire allowed a differentiated analysis of factors influencing the likelihood of achieving an orgasm and overall sexual satisfaction. The one limitation is that the length and the intimate nature of the questionnaire possibly resulted in reluctance to answer this part of the questionnaire.

Conclusion
Partnered noncoital sexual activities may represent an alternative to reach orgasm for women with endometriosis-related chronic pelvic pain or anorgasmia during sexual intercourse.
THE ADDITIVE GROUPS OF AND WITH PREDICATES FOR BEING SQUARE-FREE
Authors: BHARDWAJ NEER , TRAN CHIEU-MINH 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider the structures
$(\mathbb {Z}; \mathrm {SF}^{\mathbb {Z}})$
,
$(\mathbb {Z}; <, \mathrm {SF}^{\mathbb {Z}})$
,
$(\mathbb {Q}; \mathrm {SF}^{\mathbb {Q}})$
, and
$(\mathbb {Q}; <, \mathrm {SF}^{\mathbb {Q}})$
where
$\mathbb {Z}$
is the additive group of integers,
$\mathrm {SF}^{\mathbb {Z}}$
is the set of
$a \in \mathbb {Z}$
such that
$v_{p}(a) < 2$
for every prime p and corresponding p-adic valuation
$v_{p}$
,
$\mathbb {Q}$
and
$\mathrm {SF}^{\mathbb {Q}}$
are defined likewise for rational numbers, and
$<$
denotes the natural ordering on each of these domains. We prove that the second structure is model-theoretically wild while the other three structures are model-theoretically tame. Moreover, all these results can be seen as examples where number-theoretic randomness yields model-theoretic consequences.
CLASSES OF BARREN EXTENSIONS
Authors: DOBRINEN NATASHA , HATHAWAY DAN 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHenle, Mathias, and Woodin proved in [21] that, provided that${\omega }{\rightarrow }({\omega })^{{\omega }}$holds in a modelMof ZF, then forcing with$([{\omega }]^{{\omega }},{\subseteq }^*)$overMadds no new sets of ordinals, thus earning the name a “barren” extension. Moreover, under an additional assumption, they proved that this generic extension preserves all strong partition cardinals. This forcing thus produces a model$M[\mathcal {U}]$, where$\mathcal {U}$is a Ramsey ultrafilter, with many properties of the original modelM. This begged the question of how important the Ramseyness of$\mathcal {U}$is for these results. In this paper, we show that several classes of$\sigma $-closed forcings which generate non-Ramsey ultrafilters have the same properties. Such ultrafilters include Milliken–Taylor ultrafilters, a class of rapid p-points of Laflamme,k-arrow p-points of Baumgartner and Taylor, and extensions to a class of ultrafilters constructed by Dobrinen, Mijares, and Trujillo. Furthermore, the class of Boolean algebras$\mathcal {P}({\omega }^{{\alpha }})/{\mathrm {Fin}}^{\otimes {\alpha }}$,$2\le {\alpha }<{\omega }_1$, forcing non-p-points also produce barren extensions.
UNIFORM DEFINABILITY OF INTEGERS IN REDUCED INDECOMPOSABLE POLYNOMIAL RINGS
Authors: BARONE MARCO , CARO NICOLÁS , NAZIAZENO EUDES 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe prove first-order definability of the prime subring inside polynomial rings, whose coefficient rings are (commutative unital) reduced and indecomposable. This is achieved by means of a uniform formula in the language of rings with signature $(0,1,+,\cdot )$. In the characteristic zero case, the claim implies that the full theory is undecidable, for rings of the referred type. This extends a series of results by Raphael Robinson, holding for certain polynomial integral domains, to a more general class.
Self-magnetic field effects on laser-driven wakefield electron acceleration in axially magnetized ion channel
Authors: Kargarian A. , Hajisharifi K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we have investigated the relativistic electron acceleration by plasma wave in an axially magnetized plasma by considering the self-magnetic field effects. We show that the optimum value of an external axial magnetic field could increase the electron energy gain more than 40% than that obtained in the absence of the magnetic field. Moreover, results demonstrate that the self-magnetic field produced by the electric current of the energetic electrons plays a significant role in the plasma wakefield acceleration of electron. In this regard, it will be shown that taking into account the self-magnetic field can increase the electron energy gain up to 36% for the case with self-magnetic field amplitude Ωs = 0.3 and even up to higher energies for the systems containing stronger self-magnetic field. The effects of plasma wave amplitude and phase, the ion channel field magnitude, and the electron initial kinetic energy on the acceleration of relativistic electron have also been investigated. A scaling law for the optimization of the electron energy is eventually proposed.
State-adjacent Professionals: How Chinese Lawyers Participate in Political Life
Authors: Liu Lawrence J. , Stern Rachel E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article complicates the conventional wisdom that Chinese lawyers are either politically liberal activists or apolitical hired guns by training our attention on the group of lawyers who choose to stand adjacent to the state and participate in governance. Through an examination of how and why winners of the state-sanctioned Outstanding Lawyer Award participate in politics, we illustrate how state-adjacent lawyers provide the state with information and persuade others to behave in ways the state considers appropriate. Although proximity to power affords some social and professional benefits, award winners are also motivated by a commitment to improving Chinese society. By highlighting the political role played by lawyers who serve as a bridge between state and society, we open the door to future research on the relationship between the state and professionals in other industries and countries, and call for continued attention to how inequality shapes opportunities for political participation in China.
Creative Destruction and the Social (Re) Construction of Heritage
Authors: Avrami Erica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn an era when war, acts of terror, and the potentially catastrophic effects of climate change loom large in the public conscience, the conservation community is grappling with the associated loss of the historic built environment and potential responses. But the built environment—at least some aspects of it—is becoming progressively obsolete due to environmental and social changes. Coastal sea-level rise, inefficient resource and land use, and the role of the built environment in perpetuating social exclusion raise questions about the potential value of destruction and the opportunities it affords for reframing spatial memory and historical narrative in more just and sustainable ways. The heritage field’s preoccupation with the physical, place-based fabric will be challenged in the face of this obsolescence, compelling a reexamination of attitudes toward destruction and reconstruction. This article borrows loosely from Joseph Schumpeter’s economic concept of creative destruction to explore the ways in which both innovation and new lenses on history and memory may be borne of change, loss, and obsolescence. Using the discourse surrounding past and contemporary North American cases, it examines some fundamental ideas regarding capital in the built environment and the economic value of destruction. It also explores the negative social consequences of destruction and the historical influence cum perspective of the heritage enterprise and posits potentially positive values and opportunities engendered through destruction. Finally, it reimagines how approaches to reconstruction by the heritage field may contribute to more socially just and sustainable futures.
Psychology and World Heritage? Reflections on Time, Memory, and Imagination for a Heritage Context
Authors: Benson Ciarán 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConcepts of memory—specifically notions of collective memory—are associated in heritage studies with the central idea of authenticity. In this article I review what is relevant in the psychology of memory to these discourses, and reflect on this association of collective memory and authenticity in heritage studies, notably in the 1994 Nara Document on Authenticity. Concepts of time are central to this review. The idea of world heritage is, it is suggested, a future-oriented ideal for a common humanity. The metaphorical underpinnings of our vernacular uses of time-concepts, such as past and future, are examined. Psychological considerations of memory as retrieval or reconstruction are then outlined. The distinction between kinds of memory, notably episodic and semantic memory, is then presented. These, it is argued, are building blocks for collective memory, which, in turn, is the seedbed for the underemphasized but potent idea of collective imagination. If the primary function of memory is actually oriented to the future, then imagination is what puts kinds of memory to work in both predicting and creating the future. Our ability to imagine—to mentally project forward—is heavily dependent on what we know—that is, on semantic memory. The article concludes with some reflections on the policy implications of this analysis for the visitor to world heritage sites.
Can American Egalitarianism Survive A Globalized Economy?
Authors: Rorty Richard 
Published: October 2020

Most of the infrequent contacts between CEO’s and philosophy professors take place on airplanes. These contacts take the form of exchanges of life-stories between seatmates, exchanges which mitigate the boredom of the flight. Such exchanges provide one of the few ways in which inhabitants of the world of business and inhabitants of the academy get a sense of what the other is doing.Professors who work in fast-breaking fields like molecular biology or neopragmatist philosophy are always flying off to conferences in places like Sao Paulo, Taipei or Vienna. Our trans-oceanic flights are usually in economy class, but we nevertheless have our reward. When we return home we find that the airlines have sent us upgrade certificates for domestic air travel. This means that we can sometimes go first class to conferences in places like Los Angeles or Seattle. We thus get to sit next to richer and more important people.
PROCEDURAL RIGHTS AND FACTUAL ACCURACY
Authors: Stewart Hamish 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTPeople have procedural rights because states are under a duty of political morality to provide them with fair procedures for settling disputes about the application of the laws. This obligation flows from the state's duty to treat each person as a free and equal member of the legal order. Yet adherence to procedural rights can impede accuracy in fact-finding, which in turn can result in poor protection for substantive rights. So the state also has a duty to provide a reasonable degree of accuracy in fact-finding. The legal order should therefore strive to improve the accuracy of fact-finding, within the constraints imposed by procedural rights people have. Nevertheless, the duty to provide reasonably accurate procedures is subordinate to the duty to provide procedural rights because the settlement of disputes among free persons must be conducted in a manner that respects their status as free persons.
Latent Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in an Alzheimer’s Disease Research Sample
Authors: Ma Yue , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Wahoske Michelle L. , Blazel Hanna M. , Chappell Richard J. , Johnson Sterling C. , Asthana Sanjay , Gleason Carey E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:This study investigated the latent factor structure of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) and its measurement invariance across clinical diagnosis and key demographic variables including sex, race/ethnicity, age, and education for a typical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research sample.Method:The NIHTB-CB iPad English version, consisting of 7 tests, was administered to 411 participants aged 45–94 with clinical diagnosis of cognitively unimpaired, dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or impaired not MCI. The factor structure of the whole sample was first examined with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and further refined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Two groups were classified for each variable (diagnosis or demographic factors). The confirmed factor model was next tested for each group with CFA. If the factor structure was the same between the groups, measurement invariance was then tested using a hierarchical series of nested two-group CFA models.Results:A two-factor model capturing fluid cognition (executive function, processing speed, and memory) versus crystalized cognition (language) fit well for the whole sample and each group except for those with age < 65. This model generally had measurement invariance across sex, race/ethnicity, and education, and partial invariance across diagnosis. For individuals with age < 65, the language factor remained intact while the fluid cognition was separated into two factors: (1) executive function/processing speed and (2) memory.Conclusions:The findings mostly supported the utility of the battery in AD research, yet revealed challenges in measuring memory for AD participants and longitudinal change in fluid cognition.
Kant’s Critical Theory of the Best Possible World
Authors: Krishnan Maya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article I argue that the Critical Kant endorses the claim that God creates the best possible world, and that this claim is best understood as committing him to the view that God creates an infinitely valuable world. Kant’s understudied Critical theory of the best possible world differs significantly from his better-known quasi-Leibnizian pre-Critical account insofar as it uses an axiological rather than ontological metric for the goodness of worlds. The axiological metric introduces unique challenges for a Kantian account of the best possible world. These challenges are in turn resolved via an infinite value interpretation.
Record of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age From Tarim, China
Authors: Yu H. C. , Qiu K. F. , Li M. , Santosh M. , Zhao Z. G. , Huang Y. Q. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe late Paleozoic ice age was one of the three major glaciations in the Phanerozoic. However, the influence and characteristics of this glaciation and deglaciation remain unclear. In this study, we present lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy during the Late Mississippian to the Early Permian in Tarim, Northwestern China. Tarim records two Gondwana glacial events in the Serpukhovian‐Moscovian (Glacial II) and the Asselian‐Sakmarian (Glacial III). Together with the global evidence of isotopes and sea level changes, multipulsed growth and decay of Glacial II and III are confirmed. The Serpukhovian isotopic pattern in Tarim exhibits a negative δ13C excursion of −6.6‰, which is comparable to those recorded in other continents. This negative excursion and contemporaneous sea level fall are triggered by the expansion of the ice sheets of Glacial II. The glaciation maximum is marked by the global sea level fall during the Bashkirian. A two‐stage transgression and positive shifts of δ13C from the Tarim and Laurussia represent evidence of stepwise deglaciation of Glacial II during the Moscovian. Positive δ18O excursions in Tarim and other two global sections from Laurussia and the regression during early Asselian to early Sakmarian are linked to the Glacial III, confirming this event is of global origin. The eustatic rise and the negative δ18O shifts indicate the retreat of this Gondwana glacier in late Sakmarian. These continuous data sets in Tarim coupled with time equivalent stratigraphy and geochemical records provide insights into the multistage evolution of the discrete Glacial II and III events.
To the Interchange Instability Criterion in the Magnetosphere in the Presence of Velocity Shear
Authors: Khazanov George V. , Krivorutsky Emanuel N. , Chen Margaret W. , Lemon Colby L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we address the issue of interchange instability excitation criterion in the magnetospheric plasma in the presence of the velocity shear using a magnetohydrodynamic approach. We conducted our analysis for the arbitrary β plasma configuration using a WKB approximation for wavelengths, λ, much smaller than the characteristic plasma inhomogeneity scale, L, and found two branches of waves. These two wave branches can exist due to the plasma velocity shear and one branch can be unstable for arbitrary angles between the plasma entropy parameter and magnetic flux tube volume gradients. The implications of these results for magnetospheric physics as well as comparison of our results with corresponding analysis of other authors are discussed.
Extracting a History of Global Fire Emissions for the Past Millennium From Ice Core Records of Acetylene, Ethane, and Methane
Authors: Nicewonger Melinda R. , Aydin Murat , Prather Michael J. , Saltzman Eric S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiomass burning is an important component of the Earth system in terms of global biogeochemistry, atmospheric composition, climate, terrestrial ecology, and land use. This study examines published ice core trace gas measurements of acetylene, ethane, and methane, which have been used as proxies for paleofire emissions. We investigate the consistency of these records for the past 1,000 years in terms of (1) temporal trends in global fire emissions and (2) quantitative estimates for changes in global burning (dry matter burned per year). Three‐dimensional transport and box models were used to construct emissions scenarios for the trace gases consistent with each ice core record. Burning histories were inferred from trace gas emissions by accounting for biome‐specific emission factors for each trace gas. The temporal trends in fire inferred from the trace gases are in reasonable agreement, with a large decline in biomass burning emissions from the Medieval Period (MP: 1000–1500 CE) to the Little Ice Age (LIA: 1650–1750 CE). However, the three trace gas ice core records do not yield a consistent fire history, even assuming dramatic (and unrealistic) changes in the spatial distribution of fire and biomes. Substantial changes in other factors such as meteorological transport or atmospheric photochemical lifetimes appear to be required to reconcile the trace gas records.
ExpoKids: An R-based tool for characterizing aggregate chemical exposure during childhood
Authors: Dai Mona , Euling Susan Y. , Phillips Linda , Rice Glenn E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Aggregate exposure, the combined exposures to a single chemical from all pathways, is a critical children’s health issue.

Objective
The primary objective is to develop a tool to illustrate potential differences in aggregate exposure at various childhood lifestages and the adult lifestage.

Methods
We developed ExpoKids (an R-based tool) using oral exposure estimates across lifestages generated by US EPA’s Exposure Factors Interactive Resource for Scenarios Tool (ExpoFIRST).

Results
ExpoKids is applied to illustrate aggregate oral exposure, for ten media, as average daily doses (ADD) and lifetime average daily doses (LADD) in five graphs organized across seven postnatal childhood lifestages and the adult lifestage. This data visualization tool conveys ExpoFIRST findings, from available exposure data, to highlight the relative contributions of media and lifestages to chemical exposure. To evaluate the effectiveness of ExpoKids, three chemical case examples (di[2-ethylhexyl] phthalate [DEHP], manganese, and endosulfan) were explored. Data available from the published literature and databases for each case example were used to explore research questions regarding media and lifestage contributions to aggregate exposure.

Significance
These illustrative case examples demonstrate ExpoKids’ versatile application to explore a diverse set of children’s health risk assessment and management questions by visually depicting specific media and lifestage contributions to aggregate exposure.
Fusing MEMS technology with lab-on-chip: nanoliter-scale silicon microcavity arrays for digital DNA quantification and multiplex testing
Authors: Podbiel Daniel , Laermer Franz , Zengerle Roland , Hoffmann Jochen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report on the development of a microfluidic multiplexing technology for highly parallelized sample analysis via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in an array of 96 nanoliter-scale microcavities made from silicon. This PCR array technology features fully automatable aliquoting microfluidics, a robust sample compartmentalization up to temperatures of 95 °C, and an application-specific prestorage of reagents within the 25 nl microcavities. The here presented hybrid silicon–polymer microfluidic chip allows both a rapid thermal cycling of the liquid compartments and a real-time fluorescence read-out for a tracking of the individual amplification reactions taking place inside the microcavities. We demonstrate that the technology provides very low reagent carryover of prestored reagents < 6 × 10−2 and a cross talk rate < 1 × 10−3 per PCR cycle, which facilitate a multi-targeted sample analysis via geometric multiplexing. Furthermore, we apply this PCR array technology to introduce a novel digital PCR-based DNA quantification method: by taking the assay-specific amplification characteristics like the limit of detection into account, the method allows for an absolute gene target quantification by means of a statistical analysis of the amplification results.