bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Precision Irrigation Model Using Hybrid Automata
Authors: Lozoya Camilo , Favela-Contreras Antonio , Aguilar-Gonzalez Alberto , Orona Luis 
Published: January 2020

HighlightsControl theory applied to precision irrigation reduces water consumption and improves crop productivity.A model-based control using hybrid automata is proposed to describe soil, crop, and weather dynamics.The model was developed and validated with experimental data from a grass irrigation process.The proposed model can be used to develop robust and real-time control algorithms to improve irrigation systems. Abstract. Closed-loop control for precision irrigation represents an effective method to provide water savings in this resource-intensive activity. Typically, implementation of these systems uses an on-off control approach with soil moisture as the feedback variable. In these cases, no process modeling is required due to the simplicity of the implemented control algorithm. However, the amount of water consumed by irrigation globally presents an interesting application area for the control discipline. Therefore, to obtain greater water savings and to improve crop productivity through control theory, an irrigation model is required that integrates the three main elements in the irrigation process: soil, crop, and weather. This article proposes a hybrid automata model for a closed-loop irrigation system applied to a grass-covered area. The main measured variables used to represent the process dynamics are soil moisture, vegetation index, and evapotranspiration. The hybrid automata approach allows a complex system to be modeled as a finite state machine in which there is a specific linear model for each state. When certain conditions are met, the system transitions from one state to another, and the new behavior is represented by a different linear model. To develop the proposed model, experimental data were obtained from an irrigation process, the data were analyzed to produce a model using the hybrid automata approach, and finally the model was validated with a new set of measured data. Keywords: Closed-loop irrigation, Evapotranspiration, Hybrid automata, NDVI, Precision irrigation modeling.
Seasonal and Intra-Event Nutrient Levels in Farmed Prairie Potholes of the Des Moines Lobe
Authors: Martin Alexander R. , Soupir Michelle L. , Kaleita Amy L. 
Published: January 2020

HighlightsNitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids concentrations were higher in early season inundation.Nitrate concentrations in farmed potholes decreased with multiday ponding.Farmed potholes act as hotspots, contributing P to drainage through surface intakes.Abstract. The prairie pothole region ranges from central Iowa to the northwest into Montana and south-central Canada, totaling around 700,000 km2. This area contains millions of potholes, or enclosed topographical depressions, which often inundate with rainfall. Many are located in areas that have been converted to agricultural land through installation of artificial drainage. However, even with drainage, potholes pond or remain saturated during and after significant rain events. In this two-year study, surface water depth was collected hourly (typically from after planting through harvest) from eight farmed potholes (drained and under corn-soybean rotation) on the Des Moines Lobe in central Iowa. Nutrient data were collected daily and tested for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) when inundation depth exceeded 10 cm. The data were analyzed in two ways. First, seasonal differences were investigated using samples from the first day of each inundation event. Surface water concentrations were higher in the early growing season than late season for total N (TN), NO3-N, NH3-N, total P (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS). Secondly, average event concentration changes were determined. Nitrate reductions occurred in 85% of multiday events, but these reductions were offset by increases in P. Total P and dissolved reactive P (DRP) had significant increases that averaged 0.51 and 0.46 mg L-1 per event, respectively, with event lengths of 2 to 19 days. This study demonstrates that inundated farmed potholes reduce NO3-N but serve as in-field hotspots, contributing elevated TP and DRP to drainage waters. When a surface intake directly connects inundated farmed potholes to drainage, new strategies, such as field management or engineered technologies, are needed to mitigate P export. This study is useful in informing policy regarding field management and conservation of farmed potholes. Keywords: Farmed wetland, Nitrogen, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Prairie pothole.
Drift of Droplets from Air-Induction Nozzles
Authors: Post Scott L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. For more than 20 years, air-induction or air-inclusion (AI) nozzles have had increased use for pesticide application due to their drift reduction capabilities. The pressure drop created by the pre-orifice and the venturi chamber results in a slower-moving liquid sheet exiting the main orifice, which in turn results in larger droplet sizes, which are less prone to drift. However, two additional factors somewhat mitigate the advantage of larger droplets from AI nozzles: the lower initial spray jet momentum from AI nozzles (compared to standard nozzles of the same flow rating at the same pressure) means that droplets from AI nozzles are more affected by lateral crosswind, and the lower effective liquid density of droplets from AI nozzles due to the presence of air inclusions means that AI droplets are more affected by aerodynamic drag than pure liquid droplets of comparable sizes from standard nozzles. In this work, theoretical and numerical models are developed to quantify these effects and develop tools for accurate drift prediction from sprayers using AI nozzles. The reduction in spray density due to the presence of air inclusions is in the range of 12% to 36%. This reduction in density affects the aerodynamic drift of the spray droplets, with the result that a droplet with 30% air inclusions would have the drift characteristics of a normal droplet with 20% smaller diameter. HighlightsSprays from air induction (AI) nozzles typically contain 12% to 36% air inclusions by volume.A droplet with 30% air inclusions would have the same drift characteristics as a water droplet of 20% smaller diameter.An analytical model is developed to predict the drift distances of small droplets. Keywords: Air induction, Droplet size, Nozzles, Pesticides, Sprayers.
Nitrate Removal by Floating Treatment Wetlands Amended with Spent Coffee: A Mesocosm-Scale Evaluation
Authors: Keilhauer Mary G. , Messer Tiffany L. , Mittelstet Aaron R. , Franti Thomas G. , Corman Jessica 
Published: January 2020

HighlightsA floating treatment wetland design was evaluated for water quality improvements.Nitrate-N removal rates were quantified using spent coffee grounds as a carbon source.Nitrate-N removal rates increased throughout the growing season Abstract. The Midwestern U.S. is vulnerable to eutrophic conditions from high nutrient concentrations. Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are an innovative wetland design for nutrient removal from nonpoint sources and provide a unique treatment. The objectives of this project were to quantify nitrate removal in traditional and carbon-amended FTWs planted with Midwestern plant species during the establishment year. Three greenhouse experiments were conducted throughout the growing season using 18 mesocosms. Two vegetation designs were evaluated: rush species ( and ) and diverse species (, , , , , and ). Spent coffee grounds were applied to 9 of the 18 mesocosms as a carbon amendment. Nitrate-N removal increased during the establishment growing season in the FTW systems (Spring: 15.0% to 17.3%, Summer 1: 82.8% to 92.6%, Summer 2: 86.4% to 94.7%). Nitrate-N removal was also impacted by carbon amendments (FTW without amendment: 82.8% to 94.7%, FTW with amendment: 88.4% to 96.1%). Carbon additions were found to enhance denitrifying conditions even in the absence of FTWs (decreased dissolved oxygen, increased available organic carbon). Significant differences in nitrate-N removal were not observed between FTW vegetation designs. This study provides new insight on the impacts of the growing season, plant species, and carbon amendments on FTW nitrate-N removal performance during the establishment year. Keywords: Best management practices, Carbon amendment, Floating treatment wetlands, Nitrogen removal, Spent coffee grounds
Wetland Ecosystem Resilience: Protecting and Restoring Valuable Ecosystems
Authors: Messer Tiffany , Douglas-Mankin Kyle , Nelson Natalie , Etheridge James Randall 
Published: January 2020

HighlightsWe provide context and perspectives on articles in the Wetland Ecosystem Resilience collection.Insights gained on wetland resilience to sea-level rise and climate change, land use and drainage, and nutrients. Abstract. The objective of this article is to introduce a collection of articles that explore current research and scientific thought on wetland ecosystem resilience. The collection contains articles on wetland resilience to climate change, agricultural land use-driven change, and recreational land use, along with evaluations of wetland resilience through high-resolution monitoring and modeling tools. Wetland settings in the U.S. span tidal marshes and coastal plain non-riverine wetlands in North Carolina, prairie potholes in Iowa, Appalachian floodplain wetlands, and floating treatment wetlands in the Midwest. The studies in this collection found vertical accretion rates of 0.7 to 4.0 mm year-1 in a tidal marsh, a wide range of potential wetland hydroperiod responses to climate change, substantial decreases in inundation period, crop yield, and surface-water nitrate (but increases in phosphorus) in artificially drained potholes, and nitrate removal in carbon-amended floating treatment wetlands. Further work is needed to better understand how to design and enhance wetland systems in agricultural regions, better preserve wetland ecosystem services in areas affected by land use and climate change, and provide technical standards for the wide range of designs currently used for wetland treatment systems. Keywords: Agricultural wetlands, Resiliency, Temporal data, Treatment wetlands, Water chemistry, Water quality, Water treatment
Comparative Analyses of Three Sterilization Processes on Volatile Compounds in Sugarcane Juice
Authors: Wang Lu , Deng Weili , Wang Peng , Huang Wencheng , Zheng Tingyu , Cai Jihong , Wu Jiamin , Chen Jiebo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A better understanding of the changes in aroma during different treatments is beneficial for optimizing the processing parameters and sustaining the sensory quality of sugarcane juice. This study compared the aroma characteristics of sugarcane juice as subjected to thermal treatment (TT), membrane ultrafiltration (MU), and gamma irradiation (GI) using SPME-GC-MS and E-nose. Fresh juice (FJ) was used as the control group. Hexanal, 1-pentanol, 2-octanol, 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-ol, and 1-penten-3-one were detected in FJ. Higher concentrations of alcohols, ketones, furans, and sulfur compounds led to higher response values of E-nose sensors S2, S6, S7, S8, and S9 for TT and GI treated juice. FJ and MU treated juice made up one group that had similar aroma characteristics based on principal component analysis. According to the results of correlation analysis, furans, furanones, ketones, and acids found in TT treated juice, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol found in MU treated juice, and two phenols found GI treated juice might be the critical compounds that led to the off-odor of sugarcane juice. Dimethyl sulfide as an off-flavor compound was detected in all three processed juices. The natural fresh taste of sugarcane juice was better maintained with MU treatment than with TT or GI treatment.HighlightsDifferences in volatile profiles of sugarcane juices produced by four methods were documented.Aroma characteristics of four sugarcane juices were performed by E-nose.The critical compounds that led to the off-odor of sugarcane juice were obtained by PLSR.Aroma quality was best maintained after membrane ultrafiltration. Keywords: Aroma characteristics, Gamma irradiation, Membrane ultrafiltration, Sugarcane juice, Thermal treatment.
Genetic variations among selected wild Asian elephant populations in Peninsular Malaysia based on mitochondrial D-loop region DNA sequences
Authors: KARUPPANNAN KAYAL VIZI , RAHMAN NOR AIFAT , MOHAMED KHAIRUL AMIRIN , AHMAD TAHIR NURUL FARAH DIYANA , NORDIN FATIN MARDHIAH , YAAKOP SALMAH , MALDONADO JESÚS E , MD ZAIN BADRUL MUNIR 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Karuppannan KV, Aifat NR, Mohamed KA, Ahmad-Tahir NFD, Nordin FM, Yaakop S, Maldonado JE, Md-Zain BM. 2019. Genetic variations among selected wild Asian elephant populations in Peninsular Malaysia based on mitochondrial D-loop region DNA sequences. Biodiversitas 20: 2494-2502. Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is an important large mammal in Peninsular Malaysia and is completely protected by the Wildlife Conservation Act 2010 (Act 716). The conservation of this species requires strong information-based research, such as genetic evaluations. The aim of this study was to compare mitochondrial control region variation among selected elephants from the Taman Negara National Parks (TNNP) population with other selected populations in Peninsular Malaysia. DNA materials were extracted from fecal samples and amplified using partial mitochondrial D-loop region. Total 13 haplotypes with haplotype diversity (Hd) of 0.7524 were observed. A total of 34 base pair (bp) segregation sites were formed in 547 bp sequences. Both phylogenetic trees showed that a few individual elephants from the TNNP formed a clade together with individuals from other populations. The remaining individual elephants from TNNP formed a monophyletic clade supported by a high bootstrap value. Low genetic distance was detected among the tested populations, which proved that both individuals from the TNNP and other selected populations have similar genetic patterns. High gene flow among tested populations would impact on fitness and long-term resilience of the populations. This highly significant outcome provides strong baseline data for Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP) in monitoring elephant populations in order to reduce number of human-elephant conflicts which indirectly minimize translocating conflict elephants to TNNP.
As velhas novas casas de Usher
Authors: Salles Juliana Rodrigues , Lima Mirella Márcia Longo Vieira 
Published: January 2020

Edgard Allan Poe, writing a short story titled The Fall of the House of Usher in 1839, brought the story of two brothers, the last descendants of a noble lineage, of an ancient and illustrious but decaying family who succumb along with the mansion. who inhabit. This work has points in common with Os Maias, by Eça de Queirós and also with The Chronicle of the Murdered House, by Lucio Cardoso in many ways, from some points in the plot to the description of the houses and their anthropomorphisms. In analyzing passages from the works, we see that Eça de Queirós and Lúcio Cardoso have inspiration from Gothic literature to describe parts of the houses in which the plots appear, creating an atmosphere of decay and finitude.
Time-resolved visualization of high-repetition ultrashort pulse laser ablation
Authors: Kraft Sebastian , Schille Joerg , Mauersberger Stefan , Schneider Lutz , Loeschner Udo 
Published: January 2020

A pump–probe setup including a Robert-cell-type delay stage is calculated and built in the presented study. The goal is to visualize laser beam material interactions upon highly repetitive ultrashort pulse irradiations by shadowgraph imaging, which makes a valuable contribution to clarify the occurring interaction phenomena in this field. Ultrashort laser pulses (

λ
=
1030

n
m

;

τ

H

=
400

f
s

) are irradiated onto a bright-rolled stainless steel metal plate (AISI 316). The high-speed shadowgraph sequences are captured for the time-resolved imaging of plasma and shockwave evolution during material ablation. The captured time frame ranges from the time just before the next pulse irradiates the interaction zone until 2 µs after pulse irradiation. The first part of the experimental study features the shockwave dynamics and evolution of the laser plasma/ablation plume as induced upon single-pulse irradiations. It is shown that the expansion velocity of the shockwave decreases from 10 km/s shortly after pulse irradiation to 6.1 km/s at 41 ns after pulse irradiation. The second part deals with laser pulse trains by irradiating up to 10 pulses at 500 kHz pulse repetition frequency to the substrate. For increasing pulse numbers, the shadowgraphs show a steady increase in height and width of the laser plasma/ablation plume that were measured at 2.4 mm in height and 1.2 mm in width after the 10th pulse.
Void-free bonding for a large slab laser crystal
Authors: Lin Yan-Yong , Gao Hong-Wei , Chen Zhong-Zheng , Xu Jia-Lin , Yuan Lei , Zuo Jun-Wei , Xu Yi-Ting , Guo Ya-Ding , Wang Bao-Shan , Xu Jian , Bo Yong , Peng Qin-Jun , Xu Zu-Yan 
Published: January 2020

A void-free bonding technique was demonstrated for a large slab Nd: YAG crystal with a bonding surface dimension of

∼

160

m
m

×

70

m
m

. By using the novel fluxless oxide layer removal technology, the indium-oxide barrier problem was resolved. With the help of electrochemical-polished indium solder and a plasma-cleaned heat sink, the solderability of the indium was enhanced; in particular, the contact angle of the solder was improved from 51° to 31°. With the largest-bonding-size slab, a single-slab laser created a maximum output power of 7.3 kW under an absorbed pump power of 12.8 kW, corresponding to an optical to optical efficiency of 57% and a slope conversion of 67.8%. By detecting the wavefront of the interferometer before and after bonding, the RMS of wavefront was

0.192

λ

and

0.434

λ

(

λ
=

633

n
m

), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest void-free bonding size for a laser slab and the highest output power achieved from a single-slab crystal laser oscillator.
Primary Needle-Knife Fistulotomy Versus Conventional Cannulation Method in a High-Risk Cohort of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis
Authors: Jang Sung Ill , Kim Dong Uk , Cho Jae Hee , Jeong Seok , Park Jin-Seok , Lee Don Haeng , Kwon Chang-Il , Koh Dong Hee , Park Se Woo , Lee Tae Hoon , Lee Hye Sun 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Successful biliary cannulation is a prerequisite and important component of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, but conventional cannulation methods (CCMs) have a postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) rate of 14.1% in patients at high risk for PEP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of needle-knife fistulotomy (NKF), compared with a CCM, when used for primary biliary access in patients at high risk for developing PEP.

METHODS:
A total of 207 patients with one or more risk factors for PEP were prospectively enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated to one of 2 groups according to the primary biliary cannulation technique (NKF or CCM). We compared biliary cannulation success rates, cannulation and procedure times, and the incidence of adverse events, including PEP, between the groups.

RESULTS:
The mean number of PEP risk factors was similar between the groups (NKF, 2.2 ± 1.0; CCM, 2.2 ± 0.9). PEP occurred in 8 patients in the CCM group and in no patients in the NKF group (9.2% vs 0%, P < 0.001). The rates of other adverse events did not differ between the groups. The biliary cannulation success rate was high in the NKF group, but relatively low in the CCM group, possibly because of the stringent failure criteria aimed at reducing PEP. However, the mean cannulation and total procedural times were longer in the NKF group than in the CCM group.

DISCUSSION:
NKF is an effective and safe procedure to gain primary biliary access in patients at high risk for developing PEP. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02916199.
Do Sex Hormones Underlie Sex Differences in Cancer Incidence? Testing the Intuitive in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Petrick Jessica L. , Cook Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) incidence is 4–8 times higher in men compared with women, yet this imbalance cannot be explained by known risk factors. This issue of The American Journal of Gastroenterology features results from only the second prospective study to assess whether prediagnostic sex steroid hormones underlie sex differences in EA. Xie et al. report that higher concentrations of testosterone and luteinizing hormone were associated with decreased EA risk. While contrary to the long-standing hypothesis that testosterone increases EA risk, these important results lay a foundation for additional studies to further elucidate this intuitive, intriguing, and evolving hypothesis.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Drainage of a Post-Surgical Fluid Collection Using a Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent in a Patient With Crohn's Disease
Authors: Mohy-ud-din Nabeeha , Kochhar Gursimran , Dhawan Manish 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are susceptible to postsurgical fluid collections and abscesses. Traditionally, these have been drained either percutaneously or surgically. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage using a lumen apposing metal stent has not been used commonly for drainage of abdominal abscesses in patients with CD, given the concern of fistula formation because of transmural inflammation in patients with CD. We report a case of a large perigastric abscess that was drained through the stomach, using a lumen apposing metal stent with complete resolution of the abscess.
La educación para todos: un derecho en Cuba a partir de la inclusión educativa en la escuela primaria rural.
Authors: Rodriguez Cosme María Luz , Despaigne Negret Omayda , Pérez Batista Pedro 
Published: January 2020

La inclusión educativa es un término que ha cobrado auge en estos últimos años en Cuba y en otros países, de forma que requiere de una atención sistemática a partir de sus regularidades y tendencias que posibiliten estar a tono con las corrientes pedagógicas de estos tiempos, sin obviar, las potencialidades que cobra para una verdadera atención a la diversidad. Estos argumentos, posibilitan entender la necesidad que tiene el maestro en formación, de recibir desde el currículo, contenidos pedagógicos, psicológicos y didácticos que le ofrezcan los fundamentos para su desarrollo profesional y al mismo tiempo, las herramientas para brindar un seguimiento a la diversidad e inclusión como una exigencia de la educación para todos en el mundo y en Cuba. No se puede aludir hoy a un desarrollo educacional, si no se ofrece seguimiento a las necesidades educativas especiales y a las motivaciones de los escolares a partir de una adecuada instrucción y educación como categorías pedagógicas. Por eso, el objetivo de la investigación es: argumentar la importancia de la inclusión en el sistema educativo para la formación del maestro primario, la cual cobra particular significación en el contexto rural. La visita a dos municipios rurales de la provincia Santiago de Cuba, ha posibilitado revelar algunas limitaciones en el desempeño profesional de los maestros primarios rurales o de montaña, y al mismo tiempo, la complejidad que trae consigo la didáctica de este tipo de educación. Estas regularidades permitieron decidir una superación a ambos territorios a partir de un Diplomado de Didáctica de la escuela multigrado que ofrezca contenidos valiosos y contextualizados con el desarrollo de las ciencias y permitan ofrecer mejor atención al proceso educativo y logro del aprendizaje de los escolares.