bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for data security, privacy, and trust in “consumer internet of things” assemblages in South Africa
Authors: Ngwenya Mfanasibili , Ngoepe Mpho 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) brings opportunities and challenges to humankind. IoT technology makes it possible to connect all of a person's devices to create a smart ecosystem. However, IoT has also raised issues of data security, privacy, and trust to the consumer. In a world where cybercriminals have enormously increased, people need to be aware of the advantages, and the risks that come with these technological advances. This study conducted a literature review to develop a framework to address the issues of data security, privacy, and trust in consumer IoT (CIoT). The study suggested an integrated and holistic framework that promotes safer adoption of CIoT. The researchers concluded that for CIoT to thrive, safety is crucial, and all the stakeholders in the IoT assemblage need to ensure the protection of consumers. The suggested framework may assist in the protection of consumers of IoT, data trust, as well as trust in the CIoT assemblage. It covers the concerns, experiences, and adaptations of consumers of IoT regarding data security, privacy, and trust concerning technology and privacy legislation in South Africa.
Targeting dementias through cancer kinases inhibition
Authors: Fagiani Francesca , Lanni Cristina , Racchi Marco , Govoni Stefano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe failures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy strongly suggest the importance of reconsidering the research strategies analyzing other mechanisms that may take place in AD as well as, in general, in other neurodegenerative dementias. Taking into account that in AD a variety of defects result in neurotransmitter activity and signaling efficiency imbalance, neuronal cell degeneration and defects in damage/repair systems, aberrant and abortive cell cycle, glial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation, a target may be represented by the intracellular signaling machinery provided by the kinome. In particular, based on the observations of a relationship between cancer and AD, we focused on cancer kinases for targeting neurodegeneration, highlighting the importance of targeting the intracellular pathways at the intersection between cell metabolism control/duplication, the inhibition of which may stop a progression in neurodegeneration.
Enhancing sludge dewaterability and phosphate removal through a novel chemical dosing strategy using ferric chloride and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Ghodsi Vahid , Sarathy Siva R. , Walton John R. , Watson Ian , Elbeshbishy Elsayed , Santoro Domenico 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, we replicated full‐scale centrifuge dewatering utilized in water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) by using the Higgins modified centrifuge technique and demonstrated that analogous cake solid content and centrate suspended solids were attainable while applying a lower polymer dosage. Furthermore, we demonstrated a dramatic reduction in the concentration of phosphate (P) in anaerobically digested sludge (ADS) under various reaction conditions. H2O2 was employed to convert embedded iron in ADS, in the form of FeS, to Fe (II) and Fe (III), which subsequently reacted to precipitate phosphate compounds, dropping the in situ P concentration by nearly 50%. Adding ferric chloride (220 mg/L) in ADS enhanced the P‐removal to more than 80%. Finally, simultaneous dosing of Fe and H2O2 boosted P‐removal efficiency to higher than 90%. The role of Fe in strengthening the flocs and increasing the dewaterability was also substantiated by demonstrating a 2% growth in the cake solid content when ADS was conditioned with Fe + H2O2 preceding polymer treatment. The outcome of this work confirms that a deeper understanding of centrifuge operational parameters and physico‐chemical properties of wastewater sludge would result in improved performance of municipal WRRFs.Practitioner points

Dosing hydrogen peroxide effectively converted iron embedded in sludge from Fe (II) to Fe (III).

Simultaneous dosing of iron and hydrogen peroxide boosted P removal efficiency.

The role of iron in strengthening flocs and enhancing dewaterability was observed, as it increased cake solid content in centrifuged sludge.

An advanced bench‐scale test protocol was employed to optimize polymer dose, simultaneously reducing polymer consumption while maximizing cake solid content and centrate quality.
A method for efficient quantitative analysis of genomic subtelomere Y′ element abundance in yeasts
Authors: Liu Jun , Liu Jun‐Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSubtelomere Y′ elements get amplified by homologous recombination in sustaining the survival and division of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, current method for measurement of the subtelomere structures uses Southern blotting with labelled specific probes, which is laborious and time‐consuming. By multiple sequence alignment analysis of all 19 subtelomere Y′ elements across the 13 chromosomes of the sequenced S288C strain deposited in the yeast genome SGD database, we identified 12 consensus and relative longer fragments and 14 pairs of unique primers for real‐time quantitative PCR analysis. With a PAC2 or ACT1 located near the centromere of chromosome V and VI as internal controls, these primers were applied to real‐time quantitative PCR analysis, so the relative Y′ element intensity normalised to that of wild type (WT) cells was calculated for subtelomere Y′ element copy numbers across all different chromosomes using the formula: 2^[−((CTmutant Y′ − CTmutant control) − (CTWT Y′ − CTWT control))]. This novel quantitative subtelomere amplification assay across chromosomes by real‐time PCR proves to be a much simpler and more sensitive way than the traditional Southern blotting method to analyse the Y′ element recombination events in survivors derived from telomerase deficiency or recruitment failure.
Preserving physically important variables in optimal event selections: a case study in Higgs physics
Authors: Windischhofer Philipp , Zgubič Miha , Bortoletto Daniela 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Analyses of collider data, often assisted by modern Machine Learning methods, condense a number of observables into a few powerful discriminants for the separation of the targeted signal process from the contributing backgrounds. These discriminants are highly correlated with important physical observables; using them in the event selection thus leads to the distortion of physically relevant distributions. We present a novel method based on a differentiable estimate of mutual information, a measure of non-linear dependency between variables, to construct a discriminant that is statistically independent of a number of selected observables, and so manages to preserve their distributions in the event selection. Our strategy is evaluated in a realistic setting, the analysis of the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into a pair of bottom quarks. Using the distribution of the invariant mass of the di-b-jet system to extract the Higgs boson signal strength, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance compared to other decorrelation techniques, while significantly improving the sensitivity of a similar, cut-based, analysis published by ATLAS.
QCD axion from a spontaneously broken B − L gauge symmetry
Authors: Choi Gongjun , Suzuki Motoo , Yanagida Tsutomu T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we show that the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry with a good quality can be realized in a simple B −L extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. The PQ symmetry is a remnant of the B − L gauge symmetry at the renormalizable level. Besides, the sufficient quality of the PQ symmetry is preserved by a non anomalous discrete gauged R-symmetry and a small gravitino mass m3/2 ≪ 100 GeV. A viable mass range is $$ {m}_{3/2}=\mathcal{O}(1) $$

m

3
/
2

=
O

1

eV which allows a high reheating temperature and many baryogenesis scenarios typified by the thermal leptogenesis without any astrophysical and cosmological problems. Such a light gravitino may be tested in the future 21cm line observations.
Phase transitions in a holographic multi-Weyl semimetal
Authors: Juričić Vladimir , Landea Ignacio Salazar , Soto-Garrido Rodrigo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Topological phases of matter have recently attracted a rather notable attention in the community dealing with the holographic methods applied to strongly interacting condensed matter systems. In particular, holographic models for gapless Weyl and multi-Weyl semimetals, characterized on a lattice by the monopole-antimonopole defects of the Berry curvature in momentum space, were recently formulated. In this paper, motivated by the quest for finding topological holographic phases, we show that holographic model for multi-Weyl semimetals features a rather rich landscape of phases. In particular, it includes a novel phase which we dub xy nematic condensate, stable at strong coupling, as we explicitly show by the free energy and the quasi-normal mode analyses. Furthermore, we provide its characterization through the anomalous transport coefficients. We hope that our findings will motivate future works exploring the holographic realizations of the topological phases.
Matter couplings and equivalence principles for soft scalars
Authors: Bonifacio James , Hinterbichler Kurt , Johnson Laura A. , Joyce Austin , Rosen Rachel A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Scalar effective field theories with enhanced soft limits behave in many ways like gauge theories and gravity. In particular, symmetries fix the structure of interactions and the tree-level S-matrix in both types of theories. We explore how this analogy persists in the presence of matter by considering theories with additional fields coupled to the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) scalar or the special galileon in a way that is consistent with their symmetries. Using purely on-shell arguments, we show that these theories obey analogues of the S-matrix equivalence principle whereby all matter fields must couple to the DBI scalar or the special galileon through a particular quartic vertex with a universal coupling. These equivalence principles imply the universality of the leading double soft theorems in these theories, which are scalar analogues of Weinberg’s gravitational soft theorem, and can be used to rule out interactions with massless higher-spin fields when combined with analogues of the generalized Weinberg-Witten theorem. We verify in several examples that amplitudes with external matter fields nontrivially exhibit enhanced single soft limits and we show that such amplitudes can be constructed using soft recursion relations when they have sufficiently many external DBI or special galileon legs, including amplitudes with massive higher-spin fields. As part of our analysis we construct a recently conjectured special galileon-vector effective field theory.
Optimizing energetic light dark matter searches in dark matter and neutrino experiments
Authors: Kim Doojin , Machado Pedro A.N. , Park Jong-Chul , Shin Seodong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Neutrino and dark matter experiments with large-volume ($$ \underset{\sim }{>} $$

>
~

,2 1 ton) detectors can provide excellent sensitivity to signals induced by energetic light dark matter coming from the present universe. Taking boosted dark matter as a concrete example of energetic light dark matter, we scrutinize two representative search channels, electron scattering and proton scattering including deep inelastic scattering processes, in the context of elastic and inelastic boosted dark matter, in a completely detector-independent manner. In this work, a dark gauge boson is adopted as the particle to mediate the interactions between the Standard Model particles and boosted dark matter. We find that the signal sensitivity of the two channels highly depends on the (mass-)parameter region to probe, so search strategies and channels should be designed sensibly especially at the earlier stage of experiments. In particular, the contribution from the boosted-dark-matter-initiated deep inelastic scattering can be subleading (important) compared to the quasi-elastic proton scattering, if the mass of the mediator is below (above) $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(GeV). We demonstrate how to practically perform searches and relevant analyses, employing example detectors such as DarkSide-20k, DUNE, Hyper-Kamiokande, and DeepCore, with their respective detector specifications taken into consideration. For other potential detectors we provide a summary table, collecting relevant information, from which similar studies can be fulfilled readily.
Nachhaltige StadtGesundheit: konzeptionelle Grundlagen und aktuelle Initiativen
Authors: Trojan Alf , Fehr Rainer 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Wechselwirkungen zwischen Stadt und Gesundheit werden schon seit der Antike thematisiert. Seit Ende der 1970er-Jahre wird die Bedeutung außermedizinischer Determinanten der Gesundheit wieder verstärkt in den Blick genommen. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die Entstehung wichtiger neuer Konzepte der letzten 40 Jahre nachzuzeichnen, ihr Verhältnis zueinander zu klären und darauf aufbauend das Konzept der „Nachhaltigen StadtGesundheit“ (Sustainable Urban Health) darzustellen. Dazu erfolgten eine Sekundäranalyse und die Interpretation relevanter Dokumente und einschlägiger Literatur.Nach einer Einführung mit illustrativen Beispielen der Behandlung des Themas „Stadt und Gesundheit“ wird gezeigt, dass die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) seit den 1970er-Jahren mit den Konzepten „multi- bzw. intersektorale Aktionen“, „gesundheitsfördernde Gesamtpolitik“ und „Gesundheit in allen Politikbereichen“ maßgeblich den neuen Public-Health-Diskurs unterfüttert hat. „Nachhaltige StadtGesundheit“ steht in dieser Tradition und wird hier als Programm der Blickfelderweiterung und des Brückenbaus zwischen Disziplinen und Sektoren charakterisiert. Folgend wird es durch eine Hamburger Initiative exemplarisch illustriert.Die WHO-Konzepte stellen eher unterschiedliche Akzentuierungen dar, als dass sie sich substanziell unterscheiden. Health in All Policies (HiAP) liegt auf der Linie der Menschrechtsdeklaration und der Nachhaltigkeitsziele der Vereinten Nationen; es hat den Eingang sowohl in die WHO- als auch in die Politik der Europäischen Gemeinschaft geschafft. Für das Ziel von „Nachhaltiger StadtGesundheit“, synchron Gesundheit und Nachhaltigkeit in der Stadtgesellschaft zu fördern, ist weitere Entwicklungsarbeit zu leisten.
Stellenwert der Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) in der forensischen Psychiatrie
Authors: Besse Matthias , Schomburg Anna-K. , Simon Alfred , Hesse Dirk , Müller Jürgen , Zilles-Wegner David 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Für die Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) liegen Leitlinienempfehlungen zur Behandlung schwerer affektiver und psychotischer Erkrankungen vor, wie sie auch bei Patienten im Maßregelvollzug (MRV) vorkommen. Über die Anwendung der EKT in der forensischen Psychiatrie existieren jedoch keinerlei systematisch erhobene Daten. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine Erhebung des Ist-Zustands sowie des geschätzten Bedarfs an EKT im MRV.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde ein Fragebogen zur Erhebung der aktuellen Anwendung sowie der Einschätzung des Bedarfs an EKT in dieser Population entwickelt. Dieser wurde elektronisch und bei Bedarf postalisch an die forensischen Kliniken in Deutschland versendet.

Ergebnisse
Wir erhielten Antwort von 52 Kliniken (66 %). 29 der Kliniken gaben an, Patienten mit EKT behandeln zu können. Eine Behandlungsindikation wurde klinikübergreifend für 3,4 % der untergebrachten Patienten gesehen. In einem Jahr (2018) wurden insgesamt 32 EKT-Behandlungen an 12 Kliniken des Maßregelvollzugs mit durchschnittlich guter Wirksamkeit (Ø CGI‑I 2,32) durchgeführt. Häufigste Begründung für die fehlende Anwendung der EKT waren mangelnde strukturelle Voraussetzungen. Jeweils etwa ein Drittel der Kliniken sehen einen mittleren bzw. hohen Bedarf an EKT im MRV.

Diskussion
Die EKT kommt im MRV in Deutschland aktuell nur sehr begrenzt zum Einsatz. Auffällig ist, dass die Anzahl der durchgeführten Behandlungen etwa um den Faktor 8 hinter der Indikationshäufigkeit zurücksteht. Ungeachtet dessen sehen zwei Drittel der Kliniken einen mittleren bis hohen Bedarf, womit eine Unterversorgung mit EKT im MRV zu bestehen scheint.
Multiple Stressors in Aquatic Ecosystems: Sublethal Effects of Temperature, Dissolved Organic Matter, Light and a Neonicotinoid Insecticide on Gammarids
Authors: Bundschuh Mirco , Zubrod Jochen P. , Petschick Lara L. , Schulz Ralf 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhether and to which extent the effects of chemicals in the environment interact with other factors remains a scientific challenge. Here we assess the combined effects of temperature (16 vs. 20°C), light conditions (darkness vs. 400 lx), dissolved organic matter (DOM; 0 vs. 6 mg/L) and the model insecticide thiacloprid (0 vs. 3 µg/L) in a full-factorial experiment on molting and leaf consumption of Gammarus fossarum. Thiacloprid was the only factor significantly affecting gammarids’ molting. While DOM had low effects on leaf consumption, temperature, light and thiacloprid significantly affected this response variable. The various interactions among these factors were not significant suggesting additivity. Only the interaction of the factors temperature and thiacloprid suggested a tendency for antagonism. As most stressors interacted additively, their joint effects may be predictable with available models. However, synergistic interactions are difficult to capture while being central for securing ecosystem integrity.
Development of machine learning models to prognosticate chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Muscas Giovanni , Matteuzzi Tommaso , Becattini Eleonora , Orlandini Simone , Battista Francesca , Laiso Antonio , Nappini Sergio , Limbucci Nicola , Renieri Leonardo , Carangelo Biagio R. , Mangiafico Salvatore , Della Puppa Alessandro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Shunt-dependent hydrocephalus significantly complicates subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and reliable prognosis methods have been sought in recent years to reduce morbidity and costs associated with delayed treatment or neglected onset. Machine learning (ML) defines modern data analysis techniques allowing accurate subject-based risk stratifications. We aimed at developing and testing different ML models to predict shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aneurysmal SAH.

Methods
We consulted electronic records of patients with aneurysmal SAH treated at our institution between January 2013 and March 2019. We selected variables for the models according to the results of the previous works on this topic. We trained and tested four ML algorithms on three datasets: one containing binary variables, one considering variables associated with shunt-dependency after an explorative analysis, and one including all variables. For each model, we calculated AUROC, specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, PPV, and also, on the validation set, the NPV and the Matthews correlation coefficient (ϕ).

Results
Three hundred eighty-six patients were included. Fifty patients (12.9%) developed shunt-dependency after a mean follow-up of 19.7 (± 12.6) months. Complete information was retrieved for 32 variables, used to train the models. The best models were selected based on the performances on the validation set and were achieved with a distributed random forest model considering 21 variables, with a ϕ = 0.59, AUC = 0.88; sensitivity and specificity of 0.73 (C.I.: 0.39–0.94) and 0.92 (C.I.: 0.84–0.97), respectively; PPV = 0.59 (0.38–0.77); and NPV = 0.96 (0.90–0.98). Accuracy was 0.90 (0.82–0.95).

Conclusions
Machine learning prognostic models allow accurate predictions with a large number of variables and a more subject-oriented prognosis. We identified a single best distributed random forest model, with an excellent prognostic capacity (ϕ = 0.58), which could be especially helpful in identifying low-risk patients for shunt-dependency.
Prevalence of respiratory viruses and antiviral MxA responses in children with febrile urinary tract infection
Authors: Piri Ruut , Ivaska Lauri , Yahya Mohamed , Toivonen Laura , Lempainen Johanna , Kataja Janne , Nuolivirta Kirsi , Tripathi Lav , Waris Matti , Peltola Ville 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBlood myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) has broad antiviral activity, and it is a potential biomarker for symptomatic virus infections. Limited data is available of MxA in coinciding viral and bacterial infections. We investigated blood MxA levels in children hospitalized with a febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) with or without simultaneous respiratory virus infection. We conducted a prospective observational study of 43 children hospitalized with febrile UTI. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected at admission and tested for 16 respiratory viruses by nucleic acid detection methods. Respiratory symptoms were recorded, and blood MxA levels were determined. The median age of study children was 4 months (interquartile range, 2–14 months). A respiratory virus was detected in 17 (40%) children with febrile UTI. Of the virus-positive children with febrile UTI, 7 (41%) had simultaneous respiratory symptoms. Blood MxA levels were higher in virus-positive children with respiratory symptoms (median, 778 [interquartile range, 535–2538] μg/L) compared to either virus-negative (155 [94–301] μg/L,P < 0.001) or virus-positive (171 [112–331] μg/L,P = 0.006) children without respiratory symptoms at presentation with febrile UTI. MxA differentiated virus-positive children with respiratory symptoms from virus-negative without symptoms by an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96. Respiratory viruses were frequently detected in children with febrile UTI. In UTI with simultaneous respiratory symptoms, host antiviral immune response was demonstrated by elevated blood MxA protein levels. MxA protein could be a robust biomarker of symptomatic viral infection in children with febrile UTI.
Workflow optimization for syndromic diarrhea diagnosis using the molecular Seegene Allplex™ GI-Bacteria(I) assay
Authors: Zimmermann Stefan , Horner Susanne , Altwegg Martin , Dalpke Alexander H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSyndromic panel-based molecular testing has been suggested to improve and accelerate microbiological diagnosis. We aimed to analyze workflow improvements when using the multiplex Seegene Allplex™ GI-Bacteria(I) assay as a first-line assay for bacterial diarrhea. Technical assay evaluation was done using spiked stool samples and stored patient samples. After implementation of the assay in the routine clinical workflow, an analysis of 5032 clinical samples analyzed by the Seegene assay and 4173 control samples examined by culture in a similar time period 1 year earlier was performed. Sensitivity of the assay was shown to be between 0.4 and 95.9 genome equivalents/PCR. For 159 positive patient samples with a composite reference of culture and/or a molecular assay, the sensitivity of the assay was 100% forCampylobacter, 92% forSalmonella, 89% forAeromonas, and 83% forShigella. Sensitivity forC. difficiletoxin B detection was 93.9%. The comparison of clinical samples obtained in two 8-month periods showed increased detection rates forAeromonas(2.90%vs. 0.34%),Campylobacterspp. (2.25% vs. 1.34%),Shigellaspp. (0.42% vs. 0.05%) whereas detection ofSalmonellawas slightly decreased (0.46% vs. 0.67%) when using the Seegene assay. An analysis of the time-to-result showed that the median dropped from 52.7 to 26.4 h when using the molecular panel testing. The Seegene Allplex™ GI-Bacteria(I) assay allows accelerated, reliable detection of major gastrointestinal bacteria roughly within 1 day. Workload is reduced, specifically in a low-prevalence setting.