bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws in metastatic prostate cancer patients
Authors: Wei Ling‐Ying , Kok Sang‐Heng , Lee Yen‐Ching , Chiu Wei‐Yih , Wang Jai‐Jen , Cheng Shih‐Jung , Chang Hao‐Hueng , Lee Jang‐Jaer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to find out the prognosis of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) in prostate cancer patients who received two different types of antiresorptive agents for bone metastasis.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively surveyed a cohort of 95 metastatic prostate cancer patients with 122 MRONJ lesions treated in a single medical center. Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors were investigated. The cumulative complete response rate was calculated with the Kaplan–Meier method, and significance was examined with the log‐rank and Breslow tests. Cox regression was used for the univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors.ResultsThe cumulative complete response rate of all patients at 12 months was 37.8%, and that of patients treated with zoledronic acid and denosumab was 22.9% and 70.5%, respectively. Denosumab, pretreatment C‐terminal telopeptide of collagen I (CTX) level > 150 pg/ml, and anemia were identified as independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis with adjusted hazard ratios of 3.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–8.11), 3.24 (95% CI, 1.39–7.53), and 0.42 (95% CI, 0.19–0.93), respectively.ConclusionA higher pretreatment level of CTX, using denosumab as the antiresorptive agent and without anemia, indicates a better treatment outcome of MRONJ in prostate cancer patients.
Reduced overwinter survival of unharvested corn in fields with cover crops
Authors: Kosins Alexis L. , Prieur Abby‐Gayle A. , Swihart Robert K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVolunteer corn arising from unharvested kernels in fields is a common problem that reduces yield of crops like soybean in intensive rotational agricultural systems. Over the last decade, farmers in the Midwestern United States have increased use of cover crops to improve soil health and suppress weeds in corn‐soybean rotational agriculture. We assessed whether the fate of unharvested corn kernels in cover‐cropped fields differed from fields without cover crops. After the 2018 harvest season, we recorded overwinter removal and spring 2019 germination of corn kernels from plots in six fields in Tippecanoe county, west‐central Indiana, United States. We used mixed effects logistic regression to model the role of a cereal rye cover crop, bare ground, soil drainage class, distance from field edge, and average height of vegetation on mortality of kernels. Probability of kernel absence from a plot was greater in fields planted to cover crops (0.93–0.98) than in no‐till fields without cover crops (0.53–0.85). Distance from field edge was positively related to kernel loss in cover‐cropped fields, but negatively related to loss in fields without cover crops. Within cover‐cropped fields, kernel removal near field edges increased to levels comparable to field interiors only for plots with >15% bare ground. Cover crops substantially reduced survival of corn kernels that serve as prospective volunteer corn, consistent with increased foraging activity and use of cover‐cropped fields by vertebrate seed predators.
Simvastatin add-on to escitalopram in patients with comorbid obesity and major depression (SIMCODE): study protocol of a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Otte Christian , Chae Woo Ri , Nowacki Jan , Kaczmarczyk Michael , Piber Dominique , Roepke Stefan , Märschenz Stefanie , Lischewski Sandra , Schmidt Sein , Ettrich Barbara , Grabe Hans Joergen , Hegerl Ulrich , Hinkelmann Kim , Hofmann Tobias , Janowitz Deborah , Junghanns Klaus , Kahl Kai G. , Klein Jan Philipp , Krueger Tillmann H. C. , Leicht Gregor , Prvulovic David , Reif Andreas , Schoettle Daniel , Strauss Maria , Westermair Anna , Friede Tim , Gold Stefan M 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity are both common disorders associated with significant burden of disease worldwide. Importantly, MDD and obesity often co-occur, with each disorder increasing the risk for developing the other by about 50%–60%. Statins are among the most prescribed medications with well-established safety and efficacy. Statins are recommended in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, which has been linked to both MDD and obesity. Moreover, statins are promising candidates to treat MDD because a meta-analysis of pilot randomised controlled trials has found antidepressive effects of statins as adjunct therapy to antidepressants. However, no study so far has tested the antidepressive potential of statins in patients with MDD and comorbid obesity. Importantly, this is a difficult-to-treat population that often exhibits a chronic course of MDD and is more likely to be treatment resistant. Thus, in this confirmatory randomised controlled trial, we will determine whether add-on simvastatin to standard antidepressant medication with escitalopram is more efficacious than add-on placebo over 12 weeks in 160 patients with MDD and comorbid obesity.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind multicentre trial with parallel-group design (phase II). One hundred and sixty patients with MDD and comorbid obesity will be randomised 1:1 to simvastatin or placebo as add-on to standard antidepressant medication with escitalopram. The primary outcome is change in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score from baseline to week 12. Secondary outcomes include MADRS response (defined as 50% MADRS score reduction from baseline), MADRS remission (defined as MADRS score <10), mean change in patients’ self-reported Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and mean change in high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol from baseline to week 12.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of the federal state of Berlin (Ethik-Kommission des Landes Berlin, reference: 19/0226—EK 11) and by the relevant federal authority (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM), reference: 4043387). Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at (inter)national conferences.Trial registration numbersNCT04301271, DRKS00021119, EudraCT 2018-002947-27.
Impact of a rural drowning reduction programme in Bangladesh on gender equity, norms and behaviour: a mixed-method analysis
Authors: Gupta Medhavi , Rahman Aminur , Dutta Notan Chandra , Hossain Md Shafkat , Nambiar Devaki , Parveen Samina , Ivers Rebecca , Jagnoor Jagnoor 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesCommunity-based health programmes implemented in low-income and middle-income countries impact community gender norms and roles and relationships, which in turn affect individuals’ health outcomes. Programmes should measure their effects on gender norms, roles and relationships in the communities in which they operate to respond to unexpected health consequences. We conducted a gender analysis on a drowning reduction programme in rural Bangladesh to identify its impacts on gendered roles and behaviours in the community.DesignA mixed-method approach was used. Quantitative programme monitoring data were analysed to assess gender differences in participation and engagement. A qualitative approach using interviews, focus group discussions and observations with purposively selected programme implementing staff and participants aimed at finding explanations for quantitative findings and additional impacts of the programme on gender in the community. The analysis was conducted using Family Health International 360’s Gender Integration Framework, which identifies both internal (norms) and external (behaviours) effects.ResultsFewer girls (n=5030) participated in swimming classes than boys (n=6425) due to cultural restrictions and involvement in domestic work. Women were not hired in leadership roles in the implementing organisation due to lower transportation access and their perceived ability to conduct labour-intensive activities. However, communities become more accepting of local women’s mobility and employment due to their engagement as swim instructors. Women swim instructors were more satisfied with the pay and part-time nature of the work as men were able to earn more elsewhere. Menstruation management was ignored as all supervisory staff were men.ConclusionsSystematised strategies are required to ensure equal participation of girls and enable equitable prevention outcomes. Within the implementing organisation, programmatic changes will support gender transformation, such as ensuring women’s mobility and engagement in leadership roles. Strategies to combat perceptions that lower paying part time work is more suitable for women than men may be considered.
Is education or income associated with insufficient fruit and vegetable intake among cancer survivors? A cross-sectional analysis of 2017 BRFSS data
Authors: Zhu Zhikai , Zhang Dongyu , Wang Judy Huei-yu , Qiao Youlin , Liu Yuanli , Braithwaite Dejana 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesPrevious studies found that low education or income level was associated with insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption (IFVC) among the general population. However, cancer survivors can be heterogeneous from the general population in many aspects. Our objective was to disentangle their association among cancer survivors.DesignNationwide cross-sectional survey in the USA.Setting2017 Behaviour Risk Factor Surveillance System.Participants5409 cancer survivors.Exposure and outcomeEducational level (graduated from college/technical school, attended college/technical school and high school or less) and annual household income (≥US$75 000, US$35 000 to <US$75 000 and <US$35 000) were exposures of interest. IFVC, which was defined as <5 servings/day according to the American Cancer Society recommendation, was treated as the outcome.Data analysisMultivariable logistic regression corrected for sampling weight was performed to estimate the association. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed by age, gender, obesity and physical activity.ResultsOverall, 4750 survivors (weighted percentage: 88.5%) had IFVC. Participants with lower education had a significantly higher rate of IFVC (high school or less vs college graduates: adjusted OR=2.17, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.25, p trend <0.01). The association between income and IFVC was almost null. Associations did not differ in most subgroups; however, the association of lower education appeared to be more substantial among physically inactive survivors (p interaction <0.01).ConclusionLow educational background, not low income, was associated with IFVC among cancer survivors. Prospective cohort studies are needed to verify the conclusion.
Interventions to standardise hospital care at presentation, admission or discharge or to reduce unnecessary admissions or readmissions for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a scoping review
Authors: MacDonell Rachel , Woods Orla , Whelan Stephanie , Cushen Breda , Carroll Aine , Brennan John , Kelly Emer , Bolger Kenneth , McNamara Nora , Lanigan Anne , McDonnell Timothy , Prihodova Lucia 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that may be punctuated by episodes of worsening symptoms, called exacerbations. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are detrimental to clinical outcomes, reduce patient quality of life and often result in hospitalisation and cost for the health system. Improved diagnosis and management of COPD may reduce the incidence of hospitalisation and death among this population. This scoping review aims to identify improvement interventions designed to standardise the hospital care of patients with AECOPD at presentation, admission and discharge, and/or aim to reduce unnecessary admissions/readmissions.MethodsThe review followed a published protocol based on methodology set out by Arksey and O’Malley and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Electronic database searches for peer-reviewed primary evidence were conducted in Web of Science, EMBASE (Elsevier) and PubMed. Abstract, full-text screening and data extraction were completed independently by a panel of expert reviewers. Data on type of intervention, implementation supports and clinical outcomes were extracted. Findings were grouped by theme and are presented descriptively.Results21 articles met the inclusion criteria. Eight implemented a clinical intervention bundle at admission and/or discharge; six used a multidisciplinary care pathway; five used coordinated case management and two ran a health coaching intervention with patients.ConclusionThe findings indicate that when executed reliably, improvement initiatives are associated with positive outcomes, such as reduction in length of stay, readmissions or use of health resources. Most of the studies reported an improvement in staff compliance with the initiatives and in the patient’s understanding of their disease. Implementation supports varied and included quality improvement methodology, multidisciplinary team engagement, staff education and development of written or in-person delivery of patient information. Consideration of the implementation strategy and methods of support will be necessary to enhance the likelihood of success in any future intervention.
Non-local curvature and Gauss–Bonnet cosmologies by Noether symmetries
Authors: Bajardi Francesco , Capozziello Salvatore , Vernieri Daniele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNon-local gravity cosmologies are considered under the standard of Noether symmetry approach. In particular, we focus on non-local theories whose gravitational actions depend on curvature and Gauss–Bonnet scalar invariants. Specific functional forms of the related point-like Lagrangians are selected by Noether symmetries, and we solve the corresponding field equations finding out exact cosmological solutions.
Deep Learning Predicts HPV Association in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Identifies Patients with a Favorable Prognosis Using Regular H&E Stains
Authors: Klein Sebastian , Quaas Alexander , Quantius Jennifer , Löser Heike , Meinel Jörn , Peifer Martin , Wagner Steffen , Gattenlöhner Stefan , Wittekindt Claus , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Prigge Elena-Sophie , Langer Christine , Noh Ka-Won , Maltseva Margaret , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Büttner Reinhard , Klussmann Jens Peter , Wuerdemann Nora 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is tumorigenic and has been associated with a favorable prognosis compared with OPSCC caused by tobacco, alcohol, and other carcinogens. Meanwhile, machine learning has evolved as a powerful tool to predict molecular and cellular alterations of medical images of various sources.

Experimental Design:
We generated a deep learning–based HPV prediction score (HPV-ps) on regular hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains and assessed its performance to predict HPV association using 273 patients from two different sites (OPSCC; Giessen, n = 163; Cologne, n = 110). Then, the prognostic relevance in a total of 594 patients (Giessen, Cologne, HNSCC TCGA) was evaluated. In addition, we investigated whether four board-certified pathologists could identify HPV association (n = 152) and compared the results to the classifier.

Results:
Although pathologists were able to diagnose HPV association from H&E-stained slides (AUC = 0.74, median of four observers), the interrater reliability was minimal (Light Kappa = 0.37; P = 0.129), as compared with AUC = 0.8 using the HPV-ps within two independent cohorts (n = 273). The HPV-ps identified individuals with a favorable prognosis in a total of 594 patients from three cohorts (Giessen, OPSCC, HR = 0.55, P &lt; 0.0001; Cologne, OPSCC, HR = 0.44, P = 0.0027; TCGA, non-OPSCC head and neck, HR = 0.69, P = 0.0073). Interestingly, the HPV-ps further stratified patients when combined with p16 status (Giessen, HR = 0.06, P &lt; 0.0001; Cologne, HR = 0.3, P = 0.046).

Conclusions:
Detection of HPV association in OPSCC using deep learning with help of regular H&E stains may either be used as a single biomarker, or in combination with p16 status, to identify patients with OPSCC with a favorable prognosis, potentially outperforming combined HPV-DNA/p16 status as a biomarker for patient stratification.
BETs Need Greens: Folate Deficiency and Resistance to MYC-Targeted Therapies
Authors: Marando Ludovica , Huntly Brian J.P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Summary:
Recently, small-molecule inhibitors of general transcriptional regulators such as BET proteins and the RNA-PolII–regulating kinase CDK7 have been shown to have efficacy in multiple solid and liquid tumors. An article in this issue of Cancer Discovery identifies a nongenetic mechanism of resistance related to deficiency of folate that leads, via increased S-adenosylhomocysteine and reduced repressive histone methylation, to reactivation of a transcriptional program which promotes AML cell survival under the pressure of BET inhibition.
See related article by Su et al., p. 1894.
Histone H3 G34 Tail Mutations in Cancer: Actions in Cis and Trans to Alter Chromatin and Gene Expression
Authors: Licht Jonathan D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Summary:
Sequencing of cancer genomes has demonstrated that driver mutations occur in every component of the transcriptional machinery including histones that comprise the nucleosome. Histone mutations may affect the “tail” residues subject to post-translational modification and can compromise the structural integrity of the histone octamer.
See related article by Khazaei et al., p. 1968.
Rescuing a Heritage Database: Some Lessons from London Concert Life in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: McVeigh Simon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper outlines the genesis and subsequent transformation of the database Calendar of London Concerts 1750–1800, now available as a dataset at https://www.doi.org/10.17026/dans-znv-3c2j. Originally developed during the 1980s, the database was used as a primary research tool in the preparation of articles and a 1993 monograph: the first comprehensive study of London’s flourishing public concert life in the later eighteenth century, which culminated in Haydn’s London visits in 1791–5. The database itself, extending to over 4000 records, was derived from an exhaustive study of London newspapers. Following the obsolescence of the relational database in which the material was initially stored, it has recently been transferred to a spreadsheet in csv format, publicly available with free open access. Issues arising out of the standardisation of concert data are explored, especially regarding the layout of complete concert programmes, and the strengths and limitations of the original design are analysed, within the context of the newly available version.
Multidecadal Changes in Southern Ocean Ventilation since the 1960s Driven by Wind and Buoyancy Forcing
Authors: Patara Lavinia , Böning Claus W. , Tanhua Toste 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnhanced Southern Ocean ventilation in recent decades has been suggested to be a relevant modulator of the observed changes in ocean heat and carbon uptake. This study focuses on the Southern Ocean midlatitude ventilation changes from the 1960s to the 2010s. A global 1/4° configuration of the NEMO–Louvain-la-Neuve sea ice model, version 2 (LIM2), including the inert tracer CFC-12 (a proxy of ocean ventilation) is forced with the CORE, phase II (CORE-II), and JRA-55 driving ocean (JRA55-do) atmospheric reanalyses. Sensitivity experiments, where the variability of wind stress and/or the buoyancy forcing is suppressed on interannual time scales, are used to unravel the mechanisms driving ventilation changes. Ventilation changes are estimated by comparing CFC-12 interior inventories among the different experiments. All simulations suggest a multidecadal fluctuation of Southern Ocean ventilation, with a decrease until the 1980s–90s and a subsequent increase. This evolution is related to the atmospheric forcing and is caused by the (often counteracting) effects of wind stress and buoyancy forcing. Until the 1980s, increased buoyancy gains caused the ventilation decrease, whereas the subsequent ventilation increase was driven by strengthened wind stress causing deeper mixed layers and a stronger meridional overturning circulation. Wind stress emerges as the main driver of ventilation changes, even though buoyancy forcing modulates its trend and decadal variability. The three Southern Ocean basins take up CFC-12 in distinct density intervals but overall respond similarly to the atmospheric forcing. This study suggests that Southern Ocean ventilation is expected to increase as long as the effect of increasing Southern Hemisphere wind stress overwhelms that of increased stratification.
Practical Considerations with Radar Data Height and Great Circle Distance Determination
Authors: Theisen Chris J. , Johnson Randall S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOwing to their ease of use, “simplified” propagation models, like the Equivalent Earth model, are commonly employed to determine radar data locations. With the assumption that electromagnetic rays follow paths of constant curvature, which is a fundamental assumption in the Equivalent Earth model, propagation equations that do not depend upon the spatial transformation that is utilized in the Equivalent Earth model are derived. This set of equations provides the true constant curvature solution and is less complicated, conceptually, as it does not depend upon a spatial transformation. Moreover, with the assumption of constant curvature, the relations derived herein arise naturally from ray tracing relations.Tests show that this new set of equations is more accurate than the Equivalent Earth equations for a “typical” propagation environment in which the index of refraction n decreases linearly at the rate dn/dh = -1/4a, where h is height above ground and a is the Earth’s radius. Moreover, this new set of equations performs better than the Equivalent Earth equations for an exponential reference atmosphere, which provides a very accurate representation of the average atmospheric n structure in the United States. However, with this n profile the equations derived herein, the Equivalent Earth equations, and the relation associated with a flat Earth constant curvature model produce relatively large height errors at low elevations and large ranges.Taylor series approximations of the new equations are examined. While a second-order Taylor series approximation for height performs well under “typical” propagation conditions, a convenient Taylor series approximation for great circle distance was not obtained.