bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphoproteome Analysis in Immune Cell Signaling
Authors: Rathore Deepali , Nita‐Lazar Aleksandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImmune cell signaling is largely regulated by protein phosphorylation. Stimulation of toll‐like receptors (TLRs) by pathogen‐associated ligands drives the cascade of immune response, which can be influenced by differences in phosphoprotein abundance. Therefore, the analysis of phosphorylation signatures at a global level is central to understanding the complex and integrated signaling in macrophages upon pathogen attack. Here, we describe a mass spectrometry‐based approach to identify and quantify phosphoproteome changes in response to the stimulation of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR7 with immune‐response inducing ligands in cultured immune cells. This review will focus on the TLR stimulation of mouse macrophages as an example; however, the technique is applicable to any immortalized immune cell and any soluble stimuli. The methodology includes protocols for metabolic labeling of immune cells (stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture, i.e., SILAC); ligand‐initiated stimulation of immune receptors followed by cell lysis; in‐solution trypsin digestion of proteins and enrichment of the resulting peptide mix for collecting phosphopeptides, which are then analyzed by high‐resolution LC‐MS/MS (liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). Published 2020. U.S. Government.Basic Protocol 1: SILAC labeling of mouse macrophagesBasic Protocol 2: Stimulation, cell lysis and Western BlottingBasic Protocol 3: Trypsin digestion, fractionation and phosphopeptide enrichmentBasic Protocol 4: Quantitative mass spectrometryAlternate Protocol: Culturing SILAC‐labeled cells from frozen mouse macrophages cells
Aflatoxin accumulation in corn influenced by cultural practices in the U.S. Mid‐South
Authors: Williams J. J. , Henry W. B. , Smith J. S. , Buehring N. W. , Boykin D. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAflatoxin contamination in corn (Zea mays L.) grain negatively affects human and animal health. This research was conducted to determine if interactions among cultural practices influence aflatoxin accumulation on inoculated and naturally infested corn. Season‐long irrigation thresholds (full irrigation at −50 kPa vs. deficit irrigation at −125 kPa), planting date (late March vs. late April), and hybrid selection (conventional short‐season, drought‐tolerant full‐season, or conventional full‐season) were evaluated for their influence on aflatoxin accumulation. Experiments were conducted on a Marietta fine sandy loam and a Leeper silty clay loam near Starkville and Verona, MS, in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Needle‐inoculated and noninoculated ears were harvested from each plot. Noninoculated samples indicated that year (p = .0013) and planting date × hybrid type interaction (p = .0263) affected aflatoxin accumulation. The first year of the study produced greater average aflatoxin levels than the second year due to hotter and drier growing conditions for noninoculated samples. Pooled over years, planting later only affected conventional short‐season hybrids, increasing aflatoxin levels by 77% in naturally infested corn. Inoculated samples were affected by a year × planting date interaction (p = .0044) and a planting date × hybrid type interaction (p = .0032). Planting in March 2016 increased aflatoxin more than threefold compared with planting in April, whereas there was no difference between planting date in 2017. Overall, year, planting date, and hybrid type affected aflatoxin levels.
Cytologic features of a case of mixed medullary and follicular cell‐derived thyroid carcinoma with review of the literature
Authors: Chambers Meagan , Tafe Laura J. , Gutmann Edward J. , Kerr Darcy A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMixed medullary and follicular cell‐derived thyroid carcinoma (MMFTC) is a rare primary thyroid carcinoma with morphologic and immunophenotypic evidence of admixed parafollicular and follicular cell‐derived tumor populations within the same tumor. We herein present the fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytology of a case of MMFTC that was diagnosed histologically and discuss potential clues to the diagnosis for cytologists. We also provide a literature review of this uncommon primary thyroid tumor. The patient was a 47‐year‐old man with a history of hypothyroidism who presented with ear and neck pain. Imaging demonstrated thyroid nodules with regional lymphadenopathy. FNAB samples of two thyroid nodules and an involved lymph node were diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The subsequent total thyroidectomy specimen demonstrated classic‐type PTC which transitioned to a morphologically and immunophenotypically distinct medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) component within the same lesion, indicative of MMFTC. The patient experienced recurrence of the medullary component 20 months later and received chemotherapy with subsequent external beam radiation. As in this case, the cytologic diagnosis of MMFTC is almost never made prospectively. Retrospective review of the preoperative FNAB samples showed subtle cytomorphologic features suggestive of MTC in two of three biopsies, an impression confirmed by calcitonin immunohistochemistry on cell block material. In the broader literature, most MMFTCs on FNAB have been diagnosed as MTC, which is usually the more aggressive component of the mixed neoplasm.
The COVID‐19 pandemic: Psychological and behavioral responses to the shutdown of the beauty industry
Authors: Pikoos Toni D , Buzwell Simone , Sharp Gemma , Rossell Susan L 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, Australia implemented widespread closure of beauty and cosmetic services to control the virus spread. The effect of these restrictions is unknown, given that beauty services are widely used for stress relief or to enhance confidence. The current study explored the relationship between engagement in appearance‐focused behaviors and distress regarding beauty service closure. Participants with high and low levels of dysmorphic concern were compared to determine whether COVID‐19 restrictions may affect these groups differently.MethodAn online survey was completed by 216 participants living in Australia. Questions addressed engagement in appearance‐focused behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic and attitudes toward beauty service closure. The Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ) was used to group participants by low and high dysmorphic concern.ResultsAppearance‐focused behaviors decreased in the low DCQ group (n = 163) during the COVID‐19 pandemic, while such behaviors in the high DCQ group (n = 53) remained unchanged. Individuals who were living alone, younger, reported higher dysmorphic concern and greater distress over beauty service closure engaged in more frequent appearance‐focused behaviors (R2 = .57, p < .001). The high DCQ group reported greater distress over beauty service closure and increased desire to obtain future beauty treatments.DiscussionWhile COVID‐19 restrictions may have provided a break from societal appearance pressure for those with low dysmorphic concern, appearance‐focused behaviors persisted in individuals with high dysmorphic concern. A greater understanding of the long‐term impacts on appearance‐related distress is needed to determine mental health priorities emerging from the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Genetic evaluation of migratory fish: Implications for conservation and stocking programs
Authors: Pimentel Juliana da Silva Martins , Ludwig Sandra , Resende Leonardo Cardoso , Brandão‐Dias Pedro Ferreira Pinto , Pereira Adriana Heloísa , de Abreu Nazaré Lúcio , Rosse Izinara Cruz , Martins Ana Paula Vimieiro , Facchin Susanne , Lopes João de Magalhães , Santos Gilmar Bastos , Alves Carlos Bernado Mascarenhas , Kalapothakis Evanguedes 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFish stocking programs have been implemented to mitigate the blockage of original riverbeds by the construction of hydropower dams, which affects the natural migration of fish populations. However, this method raises concerns regarding the genetic rescue of the original populations of migratory fish species. We investigated the spatial distribution of genetic properties, such as genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow (migration), of the Neotropical migratory fish Prochilodus costatus in the Três Marias dam in the São Francisco River basin, Brazil, and examined the possible effects of fish stocking programs on P. costatus populations in this region. In total, 1,017 specimens were sampled from 12 natural sites and a fish stocking program, and genotyped for high‐throughput sequencing at 8 microsatellite loci. The populations presented low genetic variability, with evidence of inbreeding and the presence of only four genetic pools; three pools were observed throughout the study region, and the fourth was exclusive to one area in the Paraopeba River. Additionally, we identified high unidirectional gene flow between regions, and a preferred migratory route between the Pará River and the upper portion of the São Francisco River. The fish stocking program succeeded in transposing the genetic pools from downstream to upstream of the Três Marias dam, but, regrettably, promoted genetic homogenization in the upper São Francisco River basin. Moreover, the data show the fragility of this species at the genetic level. This monitoring strategy could be a model for the development of conservation and management measures for migratory fish populations that are consumed by humans.
Clinical implication of pulmonary hospitalization in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: from the TOPCAT
Authors: Dong Bin , He Xin , Xue Ruicong , Chen Yili , Zhao Jingjing , Zhu Wengen , Liang Weihao , Wu Zexuan , Wu Dexi , Huang Huiling , Zhou Yuanyuan , Dong Yugang , Liu Chen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to explore the risk factors and evaluate the prognostic implication of pulmonary hospitalization on heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Methods and resultsWe performed a secondary analysis of the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial (TOPCAT). A total of 1714 patients with HFpEF were analysed in our study. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smoking, bone fracture after the age of 45, and previous HF hospitalization were identified as independent risk factors for pulmonary hospitalization. To evaluate the prognostic significance of pulmonary hospitalization, patients were categorized into five groups according to the causes of their first hospitalization. The all‐cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality risks in these five groups were compared using time‐varying Cox proportional hazards model. Compared with patients without hospitalization during follow‐up, those with pulmonary hospitalization were associated with a 204% increase [hazard ratio (HR) 3.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.07–4.47, P < 0.001] and 164% increase (HR 2.64, 95% CI 1.60–4.36, P < 0.001) in risks of all‐cause and CV mortality, respectively, while the corresponding risk increases associated with HF hospitalization were 146% (HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.74–3.48, P < 0.001) for all‐cause mortality and 186% (HR 2.86, 95% CI 1.87–4.36, P < 0.001) for CV mortality.ConclusionsPulmonary hospitalization was associated with a significant increase in risks of all‐cause and CV mortality, which was comparable with that associated with HF hospitalization. The results suggested that pulmonary hospitalization could be another important clinical endpoint of HFpEF.
The overlooked chamber in coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Cao Yunshan , Zhang Min , Guo Yanqing , Zhang Yan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) causes a pandemic around the globe. Debilitating and even deadly complications have occurred to the millions. A recent study reported 31% of right ventricular dilation in the hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, which is significantly associated with the mortality. Therefore, we sought to search for the lines of evidence in the literature that COVID‐19 may contribute to right heart dysfunction. The relevant literature and data from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and Web of Science were searched using the MeSH terms including ‘COVID‐19’, ‘SARS‐CoV‐2’, ‘novel coronavirus pneumonia’, ‘novel coronavirus’, ‘right heart failure’, ‘right heart dysfunction’, ‘pulmonary hypertension’, ‘pulmonary embolism’, and various combinations. The collected literature and data were sorted and summarized. Literature reports that angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor mediating the cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical and experimental evidence shows that loss of function of ACE2 aggravates pulmonary hypertension and gain of function of ACE2 exerts protection on cardiopulmonary circulation. Moreover, the patients with COVID‐19 are more susceptible to pulmonary embolism and severe pneumonia‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, COVID‐19 may cause right heart dysfunction by inducing pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary embolism, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Particular attention should be paid to the function of the right heart, the overlooked chamber in COVID‐19. Blood gas analysis, laboratory test of cardiac injury markers, physical examination, and echocardiography should be performed to identify right heart failure as early as possible. Once the right heart failure is confirmed, the therapeutic modalities following the guidelines of European Society of Cardiology should be employed to reduce mortality.
Graphical user interface editor for Octave applications
Authors: Burgos Enrique S. , Adam Eduardo J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of calculation software for pedagogical purposes in degree courses is a central tool for addressing disciplinary knowledge in engineering careers. Particularly, open source and free license tools generally have lower associated costs than their propriety equivalents while offering a similarly rich set of functionalities. This document presents a software tool called guiEditor designed to create script applications based on graphical interfaces for GNU Octave. guiEditor is a visual editor, which incorporates different functionalities aimed at allowing the development of graphical applications based on basic programming knowledge. Within the development environment it incorporates, in addition to the typical controls of the graphical interfaces, new controls that extend the script language used. In addition, as an example of the development environment potential, two applications created with guiEditor are presented. The assessment made by the students about a third application, called ltitool, which has been used in degree courses to address Process Control topics, is also presented.
Cognitive inflexibility and over‐attention to detail: The Italian validation of the DFlex Questionnaire in patients with eating disorders
Authors: Marchiol Fiorenza , Lionetti Francesca , Luxardi Gian Luigi , Cavallero Corrado , Roberts Marion , Penolazzi Barbara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveCognitive inflexibility and over‐attention to detail are two cognitive styles common to eating disorders (ED) and other psychopathologies characterized by rigid perfectionism. Despite many options to assess the above styles, the only self‐report tool that simultaneously permits their specific assessment is the Detail and Flexibility Questionnaire (DFlex), originally developed to investigate the ED domain. The aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of the DFlex.Method170 patients (149 females) with ED and 148 controls (100 females) completed the Italian version of the DFlex.ResultsA Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the two‐factor model originally proposed in the literature was a good fit to the data. Item factor loadings were largely equivalent across clinical and control groups, with intercept distributions showing higher values for the clinical group compared to controls. Both DFlex subscales showed good internal reliability and were able to predict membership to the group condition.ConclusionsThe DFlex is a reliable tool for investigation in the ED population. However, because DFlex items do not explicitly assess food and body shape domains, it is possible to extend its use to other psychopathologies characterized by rigid perfectionism. We propose the use of the DFlex in research and clinical practice as a useful tool for better understanding patients' cognitive functioning and in order to support treatment planning.
Guidelines for cell viability assays
Authors: Kamiloglu Senem , Sari Gulce , Ozdal Tugba , Capanoglu Esra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, the interest in the application of cell viability assays has been increasing in various fields. Cell viability assays may be broadly classified as (a) dye exclusion assays, (b) colorimetric assays, (c) fluorometric assays, (d) luminometric assays, and (e) flow cytometric assays. Dye exclusion assays include trypan blue, eosin, congo red, and erythrosine B stain assays, whereas 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium (MTS), 2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐carboxanilide (XTT), 2‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐(2,4‐disulfophenyl)‐2H tetrazolium, monosodium salt (WST‐1), 2‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitrophenyl)‐3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐5‐(2,4‐disulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium, monosodium salt (WST‐8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), sulforhodamine B (SRB), neutral red uptake (NRU), and crystal violet stain (CVS) assays are among the colorimetric assays. Similarly, resazurin and 5‐carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester (5‐CFDA‐AM) assays are based on fluorometric measurements, whereas luminometric assays comprise adenosine triphosphate and real‐time viability assays. Major flow cytometric assays include membrane asymmetry, membrane permeability, and mitochondria assays. In this guideline, the mechanisms and the practice of assessment of the most common cell viability assays applied in research labs are discussed in detail. An ideal cell viability assay should be safe, rapid, reliable, efficient, and time‐ and cost‐effective, and should not interfere with the test compound. Overall, it can be concluded that more than one cell viability assay should be applied in order to obtain reliable results.
Mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics regulated by netrin‐1 in oligodendrocytes
Authors: Nakamura Diane S. , Lin Yun Hsuan , Khan Damla , Gothié Jean‐David M , de Faria Omar , Dixon James A. , McBride Heidi M. , Antel Jack P. , Kennedy Timothy E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMitochondria are dynamic organelles that produce energy and molecular precursors that are essential for myelin synthesis. Unlike in neurons, mitochondria in oligodendrocytes increase intracellular movement in response to glutamatergic activation and are more susceptible to oxidative stress than in astrocytes or microglia. The signaling pathways that regulate these cell type‐specific mitochondrial responses in oligodendrocytes are not understood. Here, we visualized mitochondria migrating through thin cytoplasmic channels crossing myelin basic protein‐positive compacted membranes and localized within paranodal loop cytoplasm. We hypothesized that local extracellular enrichment of netrin‐1 might regulate the recruitment and function of paranodal proteins and organelles, including mitochondria. We identified rapid recruitment of mitochondria and paranodal proteins, including neurofascin 155 (NF155) and the netrin receptor deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), to sites of contact between oligodendrocytes and netrin‐1‐coated microbeads in vitro. We provide evidence that Src‐family kinase activation and Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibition downstream of netrin‐1 induces mitochondrial elongation, hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane, and increases glycolysis. Our findings identify a signaling mechanism in oligodendrocytes that is sufficient to locally recruit paranodal proteins and regulate the subcellular localization, morphology, and function of mitochondria.
Neural association between non‐verbal number sense and arithmetic fluency
Authors: Li Mengyi , Cheng Dazhi , Lu Yujie , Zhou Xinlin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNon‐verbal number sense has been shown to significantly correlate with arithmetic fluency. Accumulated behavioral evidence indicates that the cognitive mechanism relies on visual perception. However, few studies have investigated the neural mechanism underlying this association. Following the visual perception account, we hypothesized that there would be a neural association in occipital areas of the brain between non‐verbal number sense, arithmetic fluency, and visual perception. We analyzed event‐related potentials that are sensitive to neural responses while participants performed five cognitive tasks: simple addition, simple subtraction, numerosity comparison, figure matching, and character rhyming. The single‐trial ERP‐behavior correlation approach was used to enhance the statistical power. The results showed that the N1 component significantly correlated with reaction time at occipital electrodes on all tasks except for character rhyming. The N1 component for arithmetic fluency (simple addition and subtraction) and character rhyming correlated with the reaction time for numerosity comparison and figure matching. The results suggest that there are neural associations between arithmetic fluency, non‐verbal number sense, and visual perception in the occipital cortex, and that visual perception is the shared mechanism for both non‐verbal number sense and arithmetic fluency.
Shaky scaffolding: Age differences in cerebellar activation revealed through activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis
Authors: Bernard Jessica A. , Nguyen An D. , Hausman Hanna K. , Maldonado Ted , Ballard Hannah K. , Jackson T. Bryan , Eakin Sydney M. , Lokshina Yana , Goen James R. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCognitive neuroscience research has provided foundational insights into aging, but has focused primarily on the cerebral cortex. However, the cerebellum is subject to the effects of aging. Given the importance of this structure in the performance of motor and cognitive tasks, cerebellar differences stand to provide critical insights into age differences in behavior. However, our understanding of cerebellar functional activation in aging is limited. Thus, we completed a meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies across task domains. Unlike in the cortex where an increase in bilateral activation is seen during cognitive task performance with advanced age, there is less overlap in cerebellar activation across tasks in older adults (OAs) relative to young. Conversely, we see an increase in activation overlap in OAs during motor tasks. We propose that this is due to inputs for comparator processing in the context of control theory (cortical and spinal) that may be differentially impacted in aging. These findings advance our understanding of the aging mind and brain.