bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color and translucency stability of contemporary resin‐based restorative materials
Authors: Sulaiman Taiseer A. , Rodgers Brandon , Suliman Abdulhaq A. , Johnston William M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine color and translucency stability of present‐day resin‐based restorative materials.Materials and methodsDisk‐shaped (1.0 × 10 mm) resin composites (Filtek Universal, 3M ESPE; Spectra ST, Dentsply Sirona; Gradia Direct X, GC America; Estilite Quick, Tokuyama; Harmonize, Kerr; ACTIVA Bioactive‐Restorative, Pulpdent) were prepared and divided into four staining groups (n = 5); coffee (55°C), grape juice (5°C), deionized water (25°C) and thermocycling (20 000 cycles, 5°C to 55°C with a 30‐second dwell time). Spectrophotometer measurements were taken at baseline and 14 days for each group and the color stability (CIEDE2000) and changes in the translucency parameter (RTPCIEDE2000) and luminous transmittance of each composite were determined. A 2‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using maximum likelihood estimations was used for analysis for these changes, with subsequent pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni‐corrected Student's t tests and an experiment‐wise α = 0.05.ResultsA significant interaction (P < .0001) between material and treatment was found for each change in the esthetic property tested over 14 days. Multiple significant differences between materials for each treatment and between treatments for each material were identified.ConclusionsThe severity of color change and translucency of resin‐based materials are dependent on their type, mostly affected by the coffee staining medium. Nano‐filled resin composite is most resistant to color change and with stable translucency after artificial aging.Clinical RelevanceNano‐filled resin composite may be the most esthetically durable resin‐ based restorative material. Micro‐hybrid resin composite and resin‐modified glass ionomer restorative material are susceptible to color change and losing their translucency. Hot coffee solution may shorten the esthetic lifespan of a resin‐based material.
Functional Ecology of Two Contrasting Freshwater Ciliated Protists in Relation to Temperature
Authors: Lu Xiaoteng , Gao Yunyi , Weisse Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe conducted microcosm experiments with two contrasting freshwater ciliates on functional traits (FTs) related to their growth rate (numerical response, NR) and ingestion rate (functional response, FR) over a range of ecologically relevant temperatures. Histiobalantium bodamicum and Vorticella natans are common planktonic ciliates but their abundance, swimming behavior, and temperature tolerance are different. In contrast to most sessile peritrich species, the motile V. natans is not strictly bacterivorous but also voraciously feeds upon small algae. We observed three main alterations in the shape of NR of both species with temperature, that is, change in the maximum growth rate, in the initial slope and in the threshold food level needed to sustain the population. Similarly, maximum ingestion rate, gross growth efficiency (GGE), and cell size varied with temperature and species. These findings caution against generalizing ciliate performance in relation to the ongoing global warming. Our results suggest that V. natans is the superior competitor to H. bodamicum in terms of temperature tolerance and bottom‐up control. However, the abundance of V. natans is usually low compared to H. bodamicum and other common freshwater ciliates, suggesting that V. natans is more strongly top‐down controlled via predation than H. bodamicum. The taxonomic position of V. natans has been debated. Therefore, to confirm species and genus affiliation of our study objects, we sequenced their small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rDNA) gene.
White mullet Mugil curema population structure from Mexico and Brazil revealed by otolith chemistry
Authors: Avigliano Esteban , Ibañez Ana , Fabré Nidia , Callicó Fortunato Roberta , Méndez Ana , Pisonero Jorge , Volpedo Alejandra V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe white mullet Mugil curema supports several fisheries in the neotropical region; nevertheless, the population structure is still elusive. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of adult management units and nursery areas from five sampling sites throughout the Gulf of Mexico and northern Brazil using otolith microchemistry. The Li/Ca, Na/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca and Pb/Ca ratios were measured in otolith core (juvenile stage) and edge (adult stage) (N = 131) using laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Several ratios were significantly different between sampling sites for core and edge (P < 0.05). For otolith edge, permutational multivariate analysis of variance showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between all sampling sites from Mexico (except between Mecoacán and Tamiahua, P > 0.05) and between Mexico (pooled samples) and Brazil. Quadratic discriminant analyses showed jackknifed classification higher in the edge (66.6% and 99.5% for Mexico and Brazil plus Mexico, respectively) than in the core (46.3% and 76.5% Mexico and Brazil plus Mexico, respectively). The two cluster analyses based on the core microchemistry (Mexico and Brazil plus Mexico) produced three main clusters, which did not coincide with catchment areas. These results support the segregation of the M. curema adult life stages among several sampling sites from Mexico and Brazil; moreover, core analysis suggested that the nursery areas did not correspond to the capture sites or adults stocks.
Harms and Benefits of Subcutaneous Hydration in Older Patients: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Danielsen Mathias Brix , Andersen Stig , Worthington Elisa , Jorgensen Martin Gronbech 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVETo review all available original publications on the harms and benefits of subcutaneous (SC) hydration in older patients.DESIGNSystematic review and meta‐analysis.PARTICIPANTSAll studies on SC hydration in older patients without restrictions on design or language.MEASUREMENTSThe Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases and trial registries were searched from inception to November 5, 2019, and two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias of individual outcomes.RESULTSThirty‐one publications from 29 studies met the eligibility criteria. The data from six randomized controlled trials were used for the meta‐analyses. The subgroup analysis including only the studies with the lowest risk of bias showed that SC hydration was associated with fewer adverse effects than intravenous (IV) hydration (risk ratio (RR) = 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.53–0.88; P = .003; n = 4; I2 = 0.0%; 545 infusions in each group). In absolute numbers, patients treated with SC hydration had an incidence rate of 90 adverse effects per 1,000 infusions versus 130 adverse effects per 1,000 infusions (95% CI = 102–169) with IV hydration. Secondary outcomes comparing IV with SC hydration showed that SC was 3.2 minutes faster to set up and markedly reduced the risk of agitation (RR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.22–0.79; P = .007; I2 = 65%; n = 3); however, SC hydration delivered a lower volume of fluid and was less efficient at reducing serum osmolality (s‐osmolality).CONCLUSIONSSC hydration is safer than IV hydration and potentially reduces the risk of agitation, but it is less effective. SC hydration should be available as an alternative to IV hydration when treating older patients for mild‐to‐moderate dehydration. More high‐quality studies are needed in the field to increase the confidence in the estimates.
Severe Behavioral Health Manifestations in Nursing Homes: Associations with Service Availability?
Authors: Orth Jessica , Li Yue , Simning Adam , Temkin‐Greener Helena 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESDespite high prevalence of behavioral health (BH) manifestations among nursing home (NH) residents, availability of BH services in this care setting is often inadequate. Our objective was to examine associations between availability of BH services and the presence of severe depression, suicidal ideation (SI), and severe aggressive behaviors (ABs) among NH residents.DESIGNCross‐sectional.SETTING/PARTICIPANTSThis study used 2017 survey data about BH service availability obtained from 1,051 NHs. The Minimum Data Set (MDS) was used to identify long‐stay residents in these facilities (N = 101,238) and the prevalence of BH manifestations. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regressions were used.MEASUREMENTSWe constructed measures of three severe BH manifestations based on the MDS: presence of depression, SI, and ABs. Three independent measures of service availability based on survey items asked about degrees of inadequate (1) staff BH education, (2) coordination/collaboration between facility/community providers, and (3) facility infrastructure (ie, ability to make referrals/transport residents to services).RESULTSOdds of severe depression were 21% higher (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21; P < .001) when NHs reported inadequate BH staff education. Residents with SI had 13% higher odds (OR = 1.13; P = .027) of living in NHs that reported inadequate coordination between facility and community providers. Severe ABs were 10% more likely among residents in NHs reporting inadequate facility infrastructure (OR = 1.10; P = .002) and 7% more likely in facilities with self‐reported inadequate coordination between facility/community providers (OR = 1.07; P = .019). Several facility‐level factors (eg, staffing, training, turnover) were also statistically significantly associated with these severe BH manifestations.CONCLUSIONResidents in NHs reporting inadequate BH services were more likely to experience adverse severe BH manifestations even after controlling for individual and facility‐level risk factors. Higher nurse staffing and more staff psychiatric training were associated with lower prevalence of severe BH manifestations. Policy changes and modifications to Medicaid NH reimbursements may be warranted to better incentivize NHs to improve provision of BH services.
Chronological change of resource metabolism and decarbonization patterns in Pakistan: Perspectives from a typical developing country
Authors: Shah Izhar Hussain , Park Hung‐Suck 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith economic growth in many developing countries, not all are making similar progress with regard to material and environmental efficiencies. This study examines material use and CO2 emission patterns and intensities from 1971 to 2015 in a typical developing country, Pakistan, and investigates national‐level and multi‐country‐level efficiency improvements using data envelopment analysis. The results are used to derive key policy insights for a sustainable economic transition with higher resource and carbon efficiencies. Results show that material intensity has reduced by 39.1% while CO2 intensity has risen by 21.5% in the country. Pakistan, when compared with its top 10 export countries, was relatively more material and CO2 intensive. National‐level efficiency was found to be low in most of the periods due to material/energy intensive agriculture and industries, low value‐added exports, etc. Insights from the national‐level efficiency analysis indicate that surging CO2 intensities have started to decline since 2010 and the economy has greatly stabilized. Multi‐country analysis revealed that the efficiency gap between Pakistan and its developed export countries (such as the United Kingdom and France) has widened during the study period. Insights from the multi‐country analysis suggest that the economic growth and industrialization improves material and environmental efficiencies to some extent, yet these improvements are not equally distributed among all countries. As a way forward, integrated policies on sustainable resource consumption, carbon mitigation, and economic growth are necessary for accruing higher benefits from rising global trade and resource connectedness.
Parental Relationship Quality and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Investigating The Role of Parental Warmth and Hostility in United States Military Families
Authors: Lucier‐Greer Mallory , Howard Samantha , A. Mancini Jay 
Published: August 2020

Military life is characterized by regular transitions; thus, parents are positioned to serve as stable protective factors for adolescents. We investigated a theory‐informed model that assessed direct and indirect relationships between parental relationship quality, parental behaviors, and adolescent depressive symptomatology using cross‐sectional data of military families in the United States (US). Participant families (N = 229), recruited via convenience sampling to take a computer‐based survey, included an active duty father, his spouse, and an adolescent. Mother’s couple relationship quality was indirectly linked to adolescent depressive symptoms through maternal warmth. Conversely, father’s couple relationship quality was indirectly linked to adolescent depressive symptoms via paternal hostility. In other words, parental couple relationship quality was indirectly related to adolescent depressive symptoms, but this relationship differed by parent (i.e., warmth for mothers and hostility for fathers). Findings were similar for adolescent boys and girls.
Early detection of prion protein aggregation with a fluorescent pentameric oligothiophene probe using spectral confocal microscopy
Authors: Stepanchuk Anastasiia , Tahir Waqas , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Schatzl Hermann M. , Stys Peter K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMisfolding of the prion protein (PrP) and templating of its pathological conformation onto cognate proteins causes a number of lethal disorders of central nervous system in humans and animals, such as Creutzfeldt–Jacob disease, chronic wasting disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Structural rearrangement of PrPC into PrPSc promotes aggregation of misfolded proteins into β‐sheet‐rich fibrils, which can be visualized by conformationally sensitive fluorescent probes. Early detection of prion misfolding and deposition might provide useful insights into its pathophysiology. Pentameric formyl thiophene acetic acid (pFTAA) is a novel amyloid probe that was shown to sensitively detect various misfolded proteins, including PrP. Here, we compared sensitivity of pFTAA staining and spectral microscopy with conventional methods of prion detection in mouse brains infected with mouse‐adapted 22L prions. pFTAA bound to prion deposits in mouse brain sections exhibited a red‐shifted fluorescence emission spectrum, which quantitatively increased with disease progression. Small prion deposits were detected as early as 50 days post‐inoculation, well before appearance of clinical signs. Moreover, we detected significant spectral shifts in the greater brain parenchyma as early as 25 days post‐inoculation, rivaling the most sensitive conventional method (real‐time quaking‐induced conversion). These results showcase the potential of pFTAA staining combined with spectral imaging for screening of prion‐infected tissue. Not only does this method have comparable sensitivity to established techniques, it is faster and technically simpler. Finally, this readout provides valuable information about the spatial distribution of prion aggregates across tissue in the earliest stages of infection, potentially providing valuable pathophysiological insight into prion transmission.
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Loss of PRMT1 in the central nervous system (CNS) induces reactive astrocytes and microglia during postnatal brain development
Authors: Hashimoto Misuzu , Kumabe Ayako , Kim Jun‐Dal , Murata Kazuya , Sekizar Sowmya , Williams Anna , Lu Weizhe , Ishida Junji , Nakagawa Tsutomu , Endo Mitsuharu , Minami Yasuhiro , Fukamizu Akiyoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPRMT1, a major arginine methyltransferase, plays critical roles in transcription, DNA damage response, and cell proliferation. Although we have previously discovered the crucial roles of PRMT1 for oligodendrocyte lineage progression in the central nervous system of neural stem cell‐specific PRMT1 conditional knockout (PRMT1‐CKO) mice, the context of other glial cell states that may cause the hypomyelination phenotype in PRMT1‐CKO mice has not been explored so far. Here, we performed RNA‐seq of the neonatal cortices of PRMT1‐CKO mice to reveal overall gene expression changes and show the up‐regulation of inflammatory signaling which is generally mediated by astrocytes and microglia in advance of the myelination defects. In particular, qRT‐PCR analyses revealed Interleukin‐6 (Il‐6), a major central nervous system cytokine, was dramatically increased in the PRMT1‐CKO brains. The gene expression changes led to augmentation of glial fibrillary acidic protein and Vimentin protein levels in PRMT1‐CKO mice, showing severe reactive astrogliosis after birth. We further show that IBA1‐positive and CD68‐positive activated microglia were increased in PRMT1‐CKO mice, in spite of intact Prmt1 gene expression in purified microglia from the mutant mice. Our results indicate that PRMT1 loss in the neural stem cell lineage causes disruptive changes in all glial types perturbing postnatal brain development and myelination.
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Ascorbate deficiency decreases dopamine release in gulo–/– and APP/PSEN1 mice
Authors: Consoli David C. , Brady Lillian J. , Bowman Aaron B. , Calipari Erin S. , Harrison Fiona E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDopamine (DA) has important roles in learning, memory, and motivational processes and is highly susceptible to oxidation. In addition to dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients frequently exhibit decreased motivation, anhedonia, and sleep disorders, suggesting deficits in dopaminergic neurotransmission. Vitamin C (ascorbate, ASC) is a critical antioxidant in the brain and is often depleted in AD patients as a result of disease‐related oxidative stress and dietary deficiencies. To probe the effects of ASC deficiency and AD pathology on the DAergic system, gulo–/– mice, which like humans depend on dietary ASC to maintain adequate tissue levels, were crossed with APP/PSEN1 mice and provided sufficient or depleted ASC supplementation from weaning until 12 months of age. Ex vivo fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry showed that chronic ASC depletion and APP/PSEN1 genotype both independently decreased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens, a hub for motivational behavior and reward, while DA clearance was similar across all groups. In striatal tissue containing nucleus accumbens, low ASC treatment led to decreased levels of DA and its metabolites 3,4‐dihydroxyohenyl‐acetic acid (DOPAC), 3‐methoxytyramine (3‐MT), and homovanillic acid (HVA). Decreased enzyme activity observed through lower pTH/TH ratio was driven by a cumulative effect of ASC depletion and APP/PSEN1 genotype. Together the data show that deficits in dopaminergic neurotransmission resulting from age and disease status are magnified in conditions of low ASC which decrease DA availability during synaptic transmission. Such deficits may contribute to the non‐cognitive behavioral changes observed in AD including decreased motivation, anhedonia, and sleep disorders.
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Central cholinergic function and metabolic changes in streptozotocin‐induced rat brain injury
Authors: Yuliani Tri , Lobentanzer Sebastian , Klein Jochen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs glucose hypometabolism in the brain is an early sign of Alzheimer´s dementia (AD), the diabetogenic drug streptozotocin (STZ) has been used to induce Alzheimer‐like pathology in rat brain by intracereboventricular injection (icv‐STZ). However, many details of the pathological mechanism of STZ in this AD model remain unclear. Here, we report metabolic and cholinergic effects of icv‐STZ using microdialysis in freely moving animals. We found that icv‐STZ at a dose of 3 mg/kg (2 × 1.5 mg/kg) causes overt toxicity reflected in body weight loss. Three weeks after STZ administration, histological examination revealed a high number of glial fibrillary acidic protein reactive cells in the hippocampus, accompanied by Fluoro‐Jade C‐positive cells in the CA1 region. Glucose and lactate levels in microdialysates were unchanged, but mitochondrial respiration measured ex vivo was reduced by 9%–15%. High‐affinity choline uptake, choline acetyltransferase, and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activities in the hippocampus were reduced by 16%, 28%, and 30%, respectively. Importantly, extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the hippocampus were unchanged and responded to behavioral and pharmacological challenges. In comparison, extracellular ACh levels and cholinergic parameters in the striatum were unchanged or slightly increased. We conclude that the icv‐STZ model poorly reflects central cholinergic dysfunction, an important characteristic of dementia. The icv‐STZ model may be more aptly described as an animal model of hippocampal gliosis.
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Biochemical and physical actions of hyaluronic acid delivered by intradermal jet injection route
Authors: Vinshtok Yuri , Cassuto Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdministration of exogenous hyaluronic acid (HA) by liquid jet injection is considered as a beneficial therapy for dermatology conditions. This paper reviews variety of the factors which would optimize the clinical output of hyaluronic acid in this treatment modality. A pneumatically accelerated jet penetrates the epidermis and spherically spreads micro‐droplets of HA in the dermis without significant damage to the tissue and blood vessels. Kinetic energy of the jet activates two parallel mechanisms of action—mechanical and biological—which act synergistically to initiate and augment the regenerative effect. Jet‐induced micro‐trauma stimulates collagen synthesis and tissue repair without inflammation. Aside from the biophysical stimulation of dermal fibroblast, the biomolecular properties of exogenous HA provide excellent clinical results for skin atrophy, remodeling of dermal scarring, and reverse formation of fibrotic tissue. The effect is mediated by HA‐specific cell receptors and depends on molecular weight and the rheological properties of HA polymer. Skin mechanical properties play a key role in predicting HA dispersion patterns. Tolerability and safety of the treatment approach are determined by the jet's physical impact on the tissue and/or by the safety profile of the injected material. Although pneumatic jet delivery of a hyaluronic acid has a limited use in clinical practice, this treatment approach has a strong potential for extended implementation in esthetic dermatology. The synergistic mechanism has significant advantages of predictable and rapid clinical outcomes with a low discomfort. Additional well‐designed investigations are required for establishing a scientific foundation and guidelines for this treatment modality.
Microbotox for the treatment of wide facial pores: A promising therapeutic approach
Authors: Ahmed El Attar Yasmina , Nofal Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicrobotox is the injection of multiple microdroplets of diluted onabotulinum toxin A into the upper dermis. It has been previously used in one study only to decrease pore size and to improve skin texture.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of microbotox in the treatment of wide facial pores.MethodsThirty‐five patients with wide facial pores received a single session of microbotox. Objective measurements regarding improvement of pore size (0‐4 scale) were recorded by two‐blinded dermatologists. The improvements were confirmed by dermoscopic examination. Patient satisfaction was measured by Likert satisfaction scale (1‐5 scale). Follow‐up of the patients was done for 1 year.ResultsAfter a single treatment session, the total average of improvement was 87.2%. The average improvement of pore size was 3.7 (0‐4 scale). The average patient satisfaction after the end of therapy was 4.7. Dermoscopic evaluation confirmed the reduction in the size and number of pores. There were no serious or long‐term side effects.ConclusionsA single treatment session of microbotox appears to be safe and effective for the reduction of facial pore size. Improvement of skin texture and oiliness was also observed.