bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Prospects of Russia and India Jointly Leading a New Non-Aligned Movement
Authors: Korybko A. , Morozov V. M. 
Published: May 2020

The ongoing global systemic transition is transforming international relations from its erstwhile unipolarity to what experts agree is either multipolarity or, less popularly, bipolarity. However one chooses to describe the present world order, it's clear that the US and China are the main global players, which places Russia and India – decades-long strategic partners – in a junior position vis-a-vis both of them, especially their mutual Chinese neighbor with whom they share membership in BRICS and the SCO. The neorealist school of International Relations Theory preaches the need to pursue national interests, which sometimes align with others', and it is argued in the article that it is with this idea in mind that both countries have a motivation to jointly improve their strategic positions relative to the People's Republic, albeit in a non-hostile manner that avoids the risk of inadvertently triggering a security dilemma and reversing the recent gains made in Eurasian integration.Two articles published by Russia's Valdai Club in 2019 indicated the possibility of creating a new Non-Aligned Movement, with the most recent one proposing that it be jointly led by Russia and India in order to advance the aforementioned neo-realist objective of balancing China. This suggestion is very intriguing and deserves some further elaboration, to which end the present research was conducted in order to place the new Non-Aligned Movement proposal in a strategic context relevant to the ongoing global systemic transition. Nearly a dozen articles and reports by Russian experts were analyzed, resulting in the conclusion that the proposal is a promising one but requires much more research into its challenges and opportunities in order to become more than just a proposed concept. In the event that any tangible progress is made on it, however, it must be done so extremely carefully in order for China not to misunderstand its intentions.
A Pharmacist’s Role in a Dental Clinic: Establishing a Collaborative and Interprofessional Education Site
Authors: Mahmood Sarah , Mouna Sarah , Jankowski Kelly , Trejo Luis 
Published: May 2020

In “A Pharmacist’s Role in A Dental Clinic: Establishing a Collaborative and Interprofessional Education Site” written by Kalin L. Johnson, et al., the article discusses the importance of having pharmacists in non-traditional settings, such as a university dental clinic, and the benefits of incorporating them into an interprofessional team. Pharmacists are medication experts who can reduce the burden on dental staff by assisting in disease state and medication counseling, medication reconciliation, medication management services, and identification of medication-related problems in dental settings. From August 2014 to July 2018, a total of 2,773 interventions were made on behalf of the pharmacy team. Integrating a pharmacy team contributed to more robust dentalcare and overall healthcare for patients. Overall, pharmacists were accepted by the dentistry team and patients with very few repercussions.1
The purpose of this commentary is to propose a solution towards multiple issues identified by the author during her experience as an interprofessional pharmacist. We propose telehealth to be the solution to these issues. Our telehealth system will consist of pharmacy residents to foster an engaging learning environment while ultimately keeping costs low. This telehealth system will not only advance the knowledge of pharmacy residents and dental students, but will allow more interventions to be made by the pharmacy team as they will be able to expand virtually.

Article Type: Commentary
Aplikasi Trichoderma sp. Terhadap Penyakit Karat Daun (Phakopsora pachyrizi) Tanaman Kedelai Edamame
Authors: Akbar Fajar Ilham Kumara , Syarief Moch 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan Trichoderma spp. terhadap penyakit karat daun Phakopsora pachyrizi Syd pada tanaman kedelai Edamame. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Dukuh Mencek, Kecamatan Sukorambi, Kabupaten Jember, dimulai Desember 2019 sampai Maret 2020. Metode penelitian ini membandingkan dua areal tanaman Edamame dengan perlakuan berbeda dalam pengendalian penyakit karat daun. Areal pertama menggunakan Trichoderma spp. konsentrasi 108 CFU dosis 500 liter per ha, pupuk kandang kotoran sapi, dosis 5 ton per ha, mulsa jerami 5 ton per ha. Biourine 1 liter dicampur 10 liter air dengan cara disemprotkan pada tanaman. Areal kedua menggunakan fungisida berbahan aktif Metalaksil konsentrasi 2 gram/liter, dosis 500 liter per ha, Urea 150 kg/ha, SP-36 150 kg/ha, KCl 100 kg/ha., pupuk daun Gandasil D. Peubah yang diamati: daya hambat Trichoderma spp tehadap pertumbuhan P.pachyrizi, intensitas serangan, jumlah dan berat polong per rumpun. Data dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS versi 23.0. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah: daya hambat Trichoderma spp terhadap P. a pachyrizi 106 CFU adalah 25%, 108 CFU adalah 50% dan 109 CFU adalah 75%, Intensitas serangan P. pachyrizi perlakuan fungisida Trichoderma spp adalah 0,70 persen, lebih rendah dibanding Metalaksil yaitu 1,17 persen. Jumlah polong perlakuan fungisida Trichoderma spp adalah 20,88 polong per rumpun, lebih rendah dibanding Metalaksil yaitu 29,76 polong per rumpun. Berat polong perlakuan fungisida Trichoderma spp adalah 41,66 gram per rumpun, lebih rendah dibanding Metalaksil yaitu 51,72 gram per rumpun.
Double-level myelopathy due to atlantoaxial dislocation (os odontoideum) and subaxial cervical spondylosis with angular kyphosis
Authors: Rahimizadeh Abolfazl , Soufiani Housain , Rahimizadeh Shaghayegh 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The surgical management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) attributed to os odontoideum (OO with atlantoaxial instability atlantoaxial instability) and subaxial kyphosis together pose significant surgical challenges.

Case Description:
An elderly male presented with CSM/myelopathy and severe quadriparesis attributed to an unstable OO and 87° fixed, subaxial cervical kyphosis. After performing a 540° spinal cord decompression with atlantoaxial fixation, the patient did well.

Conclusion:
Double-level CSM due to an unstable OO and subaxial kyphosis is rare and typically requires combined 540° decompression and stabilization.
Mixed olfactory neuroblastoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma: An unusual case report and literature review
Authors: Lao Wilson P. , Thompson Jordan M. , Evans Lauran , Kim Yohanan , Denham Laura , Lee Steve C. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The aim of the study was to present a case of mixed olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) and carcinoma, an extremely rare tumor with only a few cases in the published literature.

Case Description:
An otherwise healthy 27-year-old male presented with sinus complaints, headache, and unilateral eye discharge. Imaging and endoscopy revealed a mass presumed to represent a juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Unexpectedly, the final pathology report revealed high grade mixed ONB and carcinoma. This tumor is the sixth and youngest documented patient with mixed ONB and carcinoma.

Conclusion:
Physicians should remain vigilant for the possibility of malignancy in their approach to nasal cavity masses, even in young otherwise healthy patients. Careful review of the immunohistopathology should also be taken, as mixed olfactory tumors such as these are aggressive, rare entities that require multidisciplinary oncologic care.
Sellar trough technique for endoscopic endonasal transclival repair
Authors: Wong Andrew K. , Raviv Joseph , Wong Ricky H. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Endoscopic endonasal transclival approaches provide direct access to the ventral skull base allowing the treating of clival and paraclival pathology without the manipulation of the brain or neurovascular structures. Postoperative spinal fluid leak, however, remains a challenge and various techniques have been described to reconstruct the operative defect. The “gasket seal” has been well-described, but has anatomic challenges when applied to clival defects. We describe a modification of this technique for use in endonasal transclival approaches.

Methods:
Two patients who underwent an endoscopic endonasal transclival approach for tumor resection with an intraoperative spinal fluid leak underwent a modified “gasket seal” closure technique for skull base reconstruction.

Results:
A 71-year-old woman with a petroclival meningioma and a 22 year old with a clival chordoma underwent endoscopic endonasal transclival resection with the modified repair. No new postoperative deficits occurred and no postoperative spinal fluid leak was seen with a follow-up of 17 and 23 months, respectively.

Conclusion:
We describe the successful use of a simple, low risk, and technique modification of the “gasket seal” technique adapted to the clivus that allows for hard reconstruction and facilitates placement of the nasoseptal flap.
Konsep Maqasid Al-Shari‘ah Abdullah bin Bayyah
Authors: Miftakhul Arif  
Published: May 2020

This article is the result of the literature research on the concept of maqasid alshari‘ah according to Abdullah ibn Bayyah, a Muslim thinker from Mauritania, Africa. The results concluded several things as follows. First, the decline of Islamic law according to the Bayyah Bin is caused by three factors, namely: failure in seeing social reality, superficiality in understanding the nature of Islamic law, as well as error methodology. Secondly, to answer the problemabove Bin Bayyah put maqasid al-shari‘ah as the spirit of jurisprudence. Any law that does not bring the maqasid to the body without the spirit. Secondly, the maqasid al-shari‘ah should be placed in the framework of the Islamic law methodology, partnering with usul al-fiqh. The task of maqasid al-shari‘ah is as a guideline for the excavation of the law (istinbat), while the task of usul al-fiqh is to digest (indibat) maqasid al-shari‘ah so as not to be legalized. The maqasid al-shari‘ah approach, according to Bayyah Bin, also requires a middle position between the use of general evidence (Al-Kulliy) and special Evidence (Juz'iy), between text and context. In this way, maqasid al-shari‘ah is expected to present a religious fatwa that is compatible with social reality and bring the benefit of the people.
Pengaruh Sumber dan Posisi Penanaman Stek terhadap Produksi Ubi Cilembu
Authors: Ajie Dhanang , Setiawan Asep 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh sumber dan posisi penanaman stek terhadap produksi ubi cilembu. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB mulai dari bulan Desember 2015 hingga Mei 2016. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah sumber stek, terdiri dari sumber stek yang berasal dari pucuk dan batang. Faktor kedua adalah posisi tanam, terdiri dari posisi tanam vertikal (tegak), miring 45° dan horizontal. Sumber stek yang berasal dari pucuk menghasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sumber stek yang yang berasal dari batang. Sumber stek yang berasal dari pucuk menghasilkan rataan bobot umbi total 7,87 ton ha-1 dan rataan jumlah umbi tanaman-1 1,8 umbi sementara sumber stek yang berasal dari batang menghasilkan rataan bobot umbi total 4,17 ton ha-1 dan rataan jumlah umbi tanaman-1 1,3 umbi. Stek yang ditanam dengan posisi miring 45° cenderung menghasilkan umbi berbentuk bulat dan stek yang ditanam dengan posisi vertikal (tegak) dan horizontal cenderungmenghasilkan umbi berbentuk lonjong memanjang. Terdapat korelasi positif antara jumlah cabangdenganbobot umbi total dan jumlah umbi serta terdapat juga korelasi positif antara jumlah umbidengan jumlahumbi grade A dan indeks panen.
Efek Antidiabetes Fraksi Etil Asetat Ampas Tahu pada Model Hewan Resisten Insulin
Authors: Herlina Nina , Indriati Dwi , Mulyati  , Yulianita  , Fitria Elsa 
Published: May 2020

Ampas tahu telah menunjukkan efek antidiabetes pada model hewan yang diinduksi aloksan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek antidiabetes fraksi etil asetat ampas tahu (FEAAT) pada model hewan resisten insulin. Ampas tahu diekstraksi dengan metode refluks menggunakan etanol dan HCl, kemudian difraksinasi menggunakan etil asetat. Mencit dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, induksi, obat pembanding (Metformin), FEAAT1 (200 mg/kg bb) dan FEAAT2 (400 mg/kg bb). Mencit diinduksi resisten insulin dengan pemberian diet tinggi lemak dan glukosa selama 14 hari. kemudian diberikan bahan uji selama 14 hari. Pengujian efektivitas antidiabetes dilakukan dengan modifikasi Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral (TTGO). Nilai Area Under Curve (AUC) diukur sebagai gambaran efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah. Data AUC yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Analisi of varians (ANOVA) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa nilai AUC kelompok FEAAT1 tidak memberikan perbedaan yang nyata (p > 0,05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif, sedangkan kelompok FEAAT2 dan Metformin memberikan perbedaan yang nyata (p < 0,05). Jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok normal, kelompok FEAAT2 dan Metformin tidak memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda nyata (p > 0,05) sementara nilai AUC FEAAT1 berbeda nyata (p < 0,05). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa FEAAT2 efektif sebagai antidiabetes pada model hewan resisten insulin.
Pattern of head injuries in patients admitted in tertiary trauma Centre.
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Dilber Muzamil , Bhatia Moti Ram , Mari Abdul Razaque , Shaikh Hamid Akbar , Brohi Shams Raza 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The aim of study to know the pattern of injury in terms of severity & outcome in patients with head injuries admitted in trauma unit of a tertiary care Centre. Study Design: Descriptive Study. Setting: Trauma Centre, Peoples medical university hospital Nawabshah. Period: From June, 2018 to May, 2019. Material & Methods: This included 385 patients admitted in trauma unit of Neurosurgery Department of Peoples medical university hospital Nawabshah, through emergency Department with head injury sustained due to road traffic accident, fall, sports related injuries or Assault etc as evident on CT scan brain (plain) with bone window. Patients with poly trauma, bleeding disorders, previously operated and those who failed to turn up in OPD for follow up were excluded. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was used for categorizing the subjects with head injury into mild (GCS 14-15), moderate (GCS 9-13) and severe injury (GCS 3-8). CT scan brain with bone window was done in all patients. These were then managed accordingly according to the severity of the injuries. Follow up Glasgow Coma Outcome scale was used to assess the outcome in these patients. Results: Regarding nature of traumatic injuries in these patients commonest were contusion (21.8%), extradural hematoma (27.5%), subdural hematoma (22.3%), diffuse axonal injury (13.2%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (4.2%). This was followed by skull fracture (7.3%) and intracerebral hemorrhage (3.6%). Majority of the patients were with severe head injury. Glasgow Outcome Scale of Patients at Follow- up reveled complete recovery in 106 (27.5 %), Mild disability in 81(21.0%), Moderate Disability in 64 (16.6%), Severe Disability in 72 (18.7%), Persistent Vegetative state in 36 (9.4%), and death in 26 (6.8 %). Conclusion: Good outcome is observed in patients who are properly treated by continuous monitoring & timely surgical intervention in a tertiary care hospital.
Effects of Sitagliptin on HbA1c levels in uncontrolled hyperglycemia in diabetics using conventional OAD’s.
Authors: Nazir Amar , Sheikh Fida Muhammad , Saleem Sheraz 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The study anticipates to appraise HbA1c levels after three months of sitagliptin addition (100mg/day) to patients already using conventional oral antidiabetics in patients of type II diabetes mellitus who have a meager retort to these existing anti diabetics. Study Design: Mainly cross sectional prospective multicenter, open labeled study. Setting: Department of Medicine University medical diagnostic center & District Head Quarter Hospital Sargodha. Period: January 2017 to June 2017. Material & Methods: 100 inadequately controlled diabetics using different types of oral anti diabetics were chosen and an especially designed performa was accomplished. In our study we gave preference to those patients who were on preexisting oral anti diabetics and now dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors were added for the first time. The patients were instructed (at the baseline visit) to report during the subsequent visit about glycemic control. Patients were not clued-up that glycosylated hemoglobin control was the main seek of the study, so there was no chance for Pygmalion effect. Results: Levels of glycosylated hemoglobin were significantly reduced after three months of treatment compared to baseline, with a mean alteration in HbA1c level from baseline of −0.77% (range, −0.68 to − -0.86%) in the entire study population at three months. The percentage of patients who achieved an HbA1c level of <6.9% significantly increased after three months of treatment, reaching 58.1%. Conclusion: HbA1c significantly lowered in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on conventional OADs after adding sitagliptin.
Characteristics and associations of Ulcerative colitis in Pakistani population.
Authors: Khan Imran Anwar , Yousaf Sadaf , Anwar Touseef , Ali Muhammad Rashid , Sarfraz Muhammad , Mohsin Aftab 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of ulcerative colitis, extent and associations of disease with age, gender, indication of the procedure and coexisting disorders in patients who underwent sigmoidoscopy at Liver Clinic, Lahore, Pakistan. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Liver Clinic, Lahore. Period: February 2010 to July 2017. Material & Methods: Group of ulcerative colitis patients was compared with group without ulcerative colitis among who underwent sigmoidoscop y from genders, age groups, indication for sigmoidoscopy, and presence of ulcerative colitis were the qualitative variables, while age of the patients was the only quantitative variable. Data was analysed on SPSS-25was used. Means with standard deviations were computed of quantitative variables, and frequencies-percentages for qualitative variables. Chi-square test for independence and Independent sample T test were used for qualitative and quantitative variables respectively to determine their significant association with presence of ulcerative colitis. The p values were taken statistically significant if < 0.05. Results: Out of total of 998 patients who underwent sigmoidoscopy, 115 (11.52%) had ulcerative colitis. The mean age of ulcerative colitis patients was 37.87 + 14.23 years while mean age of patients not suffering ulcerative colitis was 44.42 + 15.29 years. Among ulcerative colitis suffering cohort, 6.1% were children, 41.7% young adults, 44.3% middle aged adults and 7.8% were older adults. Out of 115 patients, 22 (19.1%) had ulcerative proctitis, 25 (21.7%) ulcerative proctosigmoiditis and in remaining 68 (59.1%) patients had colitis throughout visualized tract. 29 (25.2%) ulcerative colitis patients had supplementary associated disorders: 11 (37.9%) had superimposed pseudomembranous colitis, 8 (27.6%) had pseudopolyps formation, 7 (24.1%) had solitary benign polyps, 2 (6.9%) had internal hemorrhoids and 1 (3.4%) had malignant growth as well. The ulcerative colitis was more prevalent in female gender (p<0.01), younger age group (p<0.01) and where bloody diarrhea was presenting complaint (p<0.01). Conclusion: Ulcerative colitis is prevalent in all age groups and female gender is more affected in our population. Majority patients have disease not limited to only rectum and sigmoid colon, rather possess aggressive disease pattern associated with more risks and hazards. Ulcerative colitis usually presents with bloody diarrhea in our people. There are multiple coexisting disorders, where higher prevalence of pseudomembranous colitis in ulcerative colitisdemands avoidance of undue antibiotics and better hygiene.
LEIOMYOMA OF URINARY BLADDER A RARE ENTITY: SERIES OF 3 CASES AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , M Karthik , K Samyuktha , Palve Sunil , Agrawal Tushar 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Leiomyoma of urinary bladder is a rare entity and comprises 0.43% of all bladder tumors. Here we present our series of 3 cases and the related review of literature.Methods: 3 cases of bladder leiomyoma presented over a period of 16 months in Osmania Medical College and Hospital. Detailed history was taken, physical examination, routine blood, urine and radiological investigations were done. Patients were treated by Trensurethral Resection (TUR) of the mass and histopathological analysis with Immunohistochemistry was done for all cases.Results: All 3 cases were females with mean age of 31.6 years. All cases were endovesical type, mass near bladder neck and presented with obstructive symptoms. Two cases presented with acute retention of urine. Radiological investigations in all patients suggested a possibility of leiomyoma and all cases had reduced urinary flow rates. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis tin all cases. No recurrence was found at one year of follow up.Conclusion: Leiomyoma of urinary bladder is a rare disorder which frequently occurs in middle aged females. Symptoms are related to its size and location, diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological analysis. Treatment is by surgery (mainly TUR). Prognosis of the disease is excellent.
Case Report:Granular Cell Tumor In Breast
Authors: Alcaide Ruiz , Maria Concepción Estefania López Carrizosa , Paula Sáez Bueno , Andrea Matas Escamilla 
Published: May 2020

Granular cell tumor (GCT) of the breast is an unusual neoplasm, tipically benign, it represents between 5-6% of all GCT cases. These tumors are more common in middle-aged premenopausal women with a greater predilection African American race. Nevertheless, there are also cases described in men , , . Almost all of them are favorable, the malignant cases are uncommon (only 1-3%). Sometimes it could be clinically and radiologically confused with a malignant breast tumor; so it's very important to make a differential diagnosis. The choice therapy is an extensive local extirpation with free margins, without the need for adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Our case is a 61-year-old woman with a GCT, and three years ago a history of breast carcinoma in the same breast.
Pemberdayaan dan Pendampingan Anak Putus Sekolah Berbasis Pembelajaran Kelas Motivasi Dan Non Akademik di Kota Serang
Authors: Yulianti Rachmi , Zainuri Ahmad , Sururi Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pemberian motivasi bagi anak-anak putus sekolah untuk dapat kembali ke sekolah melalui kegiatan pemberdayaan dan pendampingan berbasis pembelajaran kelas motivasi dan non akademik. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah Participatory Learning and Action dengan menekankan pada kegiatan ceramah, diskusi, curah pendapat yang dilakukan secara interaktif dengan anggota kelompok dan dilanjutkan dengan aksi atau kegiatan riil yang relevan dengan materi pemberdayaan masyarakat. Kesimpulan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah ; Anak-anak putus sekolah dapat mengikuti kegiatan dengan baik dan menerima materi pembelajaran meskipun masih perlu dilakukan bimbingan oleh fasilitator dengan tingkat keberhasilan pencapaian kegiatan berada pada kategori 71% atau skala very good. Rekomendasi dalam kegiatan ini adalah perlunya sinergisitas dengan dinas/instansi terkait agar anak-anak putus sekolah mempunyai kesempatan yang sama dalam mendapatkan akses pendidikan dasar