bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Linear Analysis of Air Pressure Fluctuations During Bubble Departure Synchronisation
Authors: Dzienis Paweł , Mosdorf Romuald , Wyszkowski Tomasz , Rafałko Gabriela 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the recent paper, non-linear methods of data analysis were used to study bubble departure synchronisation. In the experiment, bubbles were generated in engine oils from two neighbouring brass nozzles (with an inner diameter of 1 mm). During the experiment, the time series of air pressure oscillations in the air supply system and voltage changes on phototransistor were recorded. The analysis of bubble departure synchronisation was performed using a correlation coefficient. The following methods of non-linear data analysis are considered. Fast Fourier Transformation, autocorrelation, attractor reconstruction, correlation dimension, largest Lyapunov exponent and recurrence plot analysis were used to examine the correlation between bubbles behaviour and character of pressure fluctuations. Non-linear analysis of bubble departure synchronisation revealed that the way of bubble departures from two neighbouring nozzles does not depend simply on the character of pressure fluctuations in the nozzle air supply systems. The chaotic changes of the air pressure oscillations do not always determine the chaotic bubble departures.
Common Methods in Analysing the Tribological Properties of Brake Pads and Discs – A Review
Authors: Borawski Andrzej 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Disc brakes in passenger cars are extremely important due to safety concerns. Their operational quality largely rests on the conditions of contact between the working elements, which mainly consists offlat and dry sliding. The tribological phenomena thatoccur during braking are, unfortunately, extremely complex and difficult to recreate in laboratory settings. Many scientific institutes conduct research to improve our understanding of these phenomena. The results they present make it possible to continuously simplify the procedures for selecting friction materials and reducing the costs of identifying the properties of new products. This article analyses the methods commonly used by researchers. It also presents different set-ups of research stations, as well as the advantages and drawbacks of each method.
Comparison of some correlation measures for continuous and categorical data
Authors: Skotarczak Ewa , Dobek Anita , Moliński Krzysztof 
Published: December 2019

Summary
In the literature there can be found a wide collection of correlation and association coefficients used for different structures of data. Generally, some of the correlation coefficients are conventionally used for continuous data and others for categorical or ordinal observations. The aim of this paper is to verify the performance of various approaches to correlation coefficient estimation for several types of observations. Both simulated and real data were analysed. For continuous variables, Pearson’s r
2 and MIC were determined, whereas for categorized data three approaches were compared: Cramér’s V, Joe’s estimator, and the regression-based estimator. Two method of discretization for continuous data were used. The following conclusions were drawn: the regression-based approach yielded the best results for data with the highest assumed r
2 coefficient, whereas Joe’s estimator was the better approximation of true correlation when the assumed r
2 was small; and the MIC estimator detected the maximal level of dependency for data having a quadratic relation. Moreover, the discretization method applied to data with a non-linear dependency can cause loss of dependency information. The calculations were supported by the R packages arules and minerva.
The effect of soil and weather conditions on yields of winter wheat in multi-environmental trials
Authors: Iwańska Marzena , Stępień Michał 
Published: December 2019

Summary
Drought reduces crop yields not only in areas of arid climate. The impact of droughts depends on the crop growth stage and soil properties. The frequency of droughts will increase due to climate change. It is important to determine the environmental variables that have the strongest effect on wheat yields in dry years. The effect of soil and weather on wheat yield was evaluated in 2018, which was considered a very dry year in Europe. The winter wheat yield data from 19 trial locations of the Research Center of Cultivar Testing (COBORU), Poland, were used. Soil data from the trial locations, mean air temperature (T) and precipitation (P) were considered as environmental factors, as well as the climatic water balance (CWB). The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC), which is based on P and T, was also used. The effect of these factors on winter wheat yield was related to the weather conditions at particular growth stages. The soil had a greater effect than the weather conditions. CWB, P, T and HTC showed a clear relationship with winter wheat yield. Soil data and HTC are the factors most recommended for models predicting crop yields. In the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes, the plants should be subjected to stress especially during the heading and grain filling growth stages.
Talent identification in soccer using a one-class support vector machine
Authors: Jauhiainen S. , Äyrämö S. , Forsman H. , Kauppi J-P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Identifying potential future elite athletes is important in many sporting events. The successful identification of potential future elite athletes at an early age would help to provide high-quality coaching and training environments in which to optimize their development. However, a large variety of different skills and qualities are needed to succeed in elite sports, making talent identification generally a complex and multifaceted problem. Due to the rarity of elite athletes, datasets are inherently imbalanced, making classical statistical inference difficult. Therefore, we approach talent identification as an anomaly detection problem. We trained a nonlinear one-class support vector machine (one-class SVM) on a dataset (N=951) collected from 14-year-old junior soccer players to detect potential future elite players. The mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) over the tested hyperparameter combinations was 0.763 (std 0.007). The most accurate model was obtained when physical tests, measuring, for example, technical skills, speed, and agility, were used. According to our results, the proposed approach could be useful to support decision-makers in the process of talent identification.
Structural optical and electrical characterization of nanoparticle B doped ZnS films
Authors: Hurma Tulay 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Structural, morphological, optical and electrical characteristics of zinc sulfide (ZnS) and boron doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:B) films deposited on glass substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method and heated up to 350±5 °C were studied. B doping at various concentrations did not change the crystal structure of the ZnS film and it also did not cause any significant change in the size of crystallites. Maximum transmittance values of the B doped ZnS films increased parallel to doping rate. Transmittance edges showed shifting towards smaller wavelengths due to the effect of B doping. B doping increased optical band gap values. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the film surfaces showed that B doping did not cause any significant change in grain sizes of the films. Presence of all expected elements in the films including Zn, S and B was confirmed through Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) analysis. Significant peaks of foreign phases on the film surfaces were observed through Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The electrical resistivity values of the films were calculated by means of current-voltage characteristics.
Automatic bird song and syllable segmentation with an open-source deep-learning object detection method – a case study in the Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis)
Authors: Zsebők Sándor , Nagy-Egri Máté Ferenc , Barnaföldi Gergely Gábor , Laczi Miklós , Nagy Gergely , Vaskuti Éva , Garamszegi László Zsolt 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The bioacoustic analyses of animal sounds result in an enormous amount of digitized acoustic data, and we need effective automatic processing to extract the information content of the recordings. Our research focuses on the song of Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) and we are interested in the evolution of acoustic signals. During the last 20 years, we obtained hundreds of hours of recordings of bird songs collected in natural environment, and there is a permanent need for the automatic process of recordings. In this study, we chose an open-source, deep-learning image detection system to (1) find the species-specific songs of the Collared Flycatcher on the recordings and (2) to detect the small, discrete elements so-called syllables within the song. For these tasks, we first transformed the acoustic data into spectrogram images, then we trained two deep-learning models separately on our manually segmented database. The resulted models detect the songs with an intersection of union higher than 0.8 and the syllables higher than 0.7. This technique anticipates an order of magnitude less human effort in the acoustic processing than the manual method used before. Thanks to the new technique, we are able to address new biological questions that need large amount of acoustic data.
Biometric data of North African Blackbird Turdus merula: are there many subspecies?
Authors: Djemadi Imed , Bakhouche Badis , Draidi Khalil , Bouslama Zihad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
During the past two centuries, few studies have been conducted on biometrics of North African Blackbirds. Several of these studies were carried out during the latter part of the 19th and in the early 20th centuries. As a result, two subspecies were recognized namely Turdus merula algira inhabiting northern regions of North Africa and some localities in southwestern continental Europe and T. m. mauritanicus inhabiting central western Morocco and southern Algeria and Tunisia (to the end of arid climatic regions). In this study we provide morphological data from the northeastern Algerian population of Blackbird. Results reveal no differences between sexes in any of the measurements (small sample size). Comparison of morphological data of specimens collected in the northern region of North Africa and from the southern region of Maghreb countries (Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco) show morphometric differences only in wing length. These results are consistent with the existence of multiple subspecies in North African populations of Blackbird. Our findings support the assumptions of previous researchers in considering T. m. algira as typical of northern areas of Maghreb countries and T. m. mauritanicus typical of southern areas of the region.
Cases of occasional interspecific brood parasitism and egg dumping in Hungary
Authors: Haraszthy László 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
There are numerous publications in the ornithological literature on mixed-species broods, i.e. on cases when a species lays some or all of its eggs into the nests of other species. This phenomenon, known as brood parasitism, has not yet been studied in Hungary. Here, I use the term brood parasitism, but I could not separate cases of egg dumping, a reproductive error by females. Based on literature and my own observations, I found evidence for interspecific brood parasitism in 28 species breeding in Hungary, not including the cases of the obligate interspecific brood parasite, the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). Only one of these belongs to passerines, while in the rest of the cases, this phenomenon occurred in representatives of non-passerine families. However, cases of brood parasitism and nest parasitism have to be treated separately. The latter refers to cases when a species occupies a nest, usually a nesthole or nestbox, already containing eggs of another species, and lays its own eggs next to the foreign eggs. The present study provides data on European Roller (Coracias garrulus), Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus), Eurasian Hobby (Falco subbuteo), tit species (Parus, Cyanistes, Poecile spp.), Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea) and Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), but in all likelihood the number of species involved is much higher.
Evolution of Galliformes and their presence in the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Kessler Jenő Eugen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to the number of specimen, their size and weaker flight capabilities they are one of the favorite preys of furred and feathered carnivores. Due to this factor quite a number of skeletal fragments remained and fossilized over millions of years, especially in caves. Their presence in Europe can be traced back to the Eocene, but the majority of finds come from the Neogene and the Quaternary. In the Carpathian Basin they are known since the beginning of the Neogene. The text is complemented with the bibliography concerning the fossilized material, one figure and six table.
Lichen species as element bioindicators for air pollution in the eastern United States of America
Authors: Will-Wolf Susan , Jovan Sarah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLichen element (N, S, metals) indicators of local air pollution load (a widely used technique) are recommended for five predefined regions covering central and southern parts of the eastern United States. The final recommendations integrate the advice of regional lichenologists, information from regional floras, and species abundance data from a United States Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA) lichen database for 11 of the 21 covered eastern states. Recommended species were frequent in their region, easy for nonspecialists to distinguish in the field after training, and easy to handle using clean protocols. Regression models of species abundance in FIA plots from five southeastern states vs. climate, air pollution (both from a regional lichen response model) and type of nearby landcover (from the National Land Cover Database) identified species’ environmental limitations. Punctelia rudecta is recommended for cooler forested uplands of all regions, with three Physcia species combined and Punctelia missouriensis for isolated woodlands or urban areas of three regions. Parmotrema hypotropum and P. hypoleucinum combined (weak environmental limitation) or P. perforatum. and P. subrigidum combined (limited in more polluted areas) are recommended for warmer Coastal Plains in two regions each. Additional species are recommended for single regions. Each species must be quantitatively evaluated in each region, to demonstrate indication reliability in practice and to calculate element data conversions between species for region-wide bioindication.
Differential responses to salt concentrations of lichen photobiont strains isolated from lichens occurring in different littoral zones
Authors: Gasulla Francisco , Guéra Alfredo , de los Ríos Asunción , Pérez-Ortega Sergio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn interesting biota of lichen-forming fungi occurs along rocky seashores of cold and warm-temperate regions in both hemispheres. Most of the species belong to the family Verrucariaceae and form symbioses with an extraordinarily diverse group of photobionts. We isolated the photobionts of three species: Hydropunctaria maura and H. amphibia from the supralittoral zone, and Wahlenbergiella striatula from the upper intertidal zone. We characterized the isolated strains structurally by means of transmission electron microscopy, and molecularly using the nrSSU and nrITS and chloroplast RPL10A regions. Additionally, we studied the response of the strains to different salt concentrations, analyzed the concentration of osmoregulatory solutes, and measured photosynthesis performance by chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 assimilation techniques. All strains belong to the recently described species Halofilum ramosum, although we found differences in the ITS and RPL10A regions among the strains shared by H. maura and H. amphibia and the strain isolated from W. striatula. Differences were also found in the main osmoregulatory response of the strains growing under high salt concentrations: W. striatula accumulated glycerol, while H. maura and H. amphibia synthetized sucrose. Analyses of photosynthesis performance also indicated differences in physiological behavior between supralittoral-dwelling and intertidal-dwelling species, W. striatula showing lower photosynthetic activity under high irradiance. Our results highlight the role of photobionts in determining lichen zonation on rocky seashores.
Muellerella, a lichenicolous fungal genus recovered as polyphyletic within Chaetothyriomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota)
Authors: Muggia Lucia , Pérez-Ortega Sergio , Ertz Damien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMolecular data and culture-dependent methods have helped to uncover the phylogenetic relationships of numerous species of lichenicolous fungi, a specialized group of taxa that inhabit lichens and have developed diverse degrees of specificity and parasitic behaviors. The majority of lichenicolous fungal taxa are known in either their anamorphic or teleomorphic states, although their anamorph-teleomorph relationships have been resolved in only a few cases. The pycnidium-formingLichenodiplis lecanoraeand the perithecioid taxaMuellerella atricolaandM. lichenicolawere recently recovered as monophyletic inChaetothyriales(Eurotiomycetes). Both genera are lichenicolous on multiple lichen hosts, upon which they show a subtle morphological diversity reflected in the description of 14 species inMuellerella(of which 12 are lichenicolous) and 12 inLichenodiplis. Here we focus on the teleomorphic genusMuellerellaand investigate its monophyly by expanding the taxon sampling to other species occurring on diverse lichen hosts. We generated molecular data for two nuclear and one mitochondrial loci (28S, 18S and 16S) from environmental samples. The present multilocus phylogeny confirms the monophyletic lineage of the teleomorphicM. atricolaandM. lichenicolawith theirL. lecanorae-like anamorphs, but places the rest of theMuellerellaspecies studied in two different monophyletic lineages with strong support. The first,Muellerellaspp. 1, is nested within some new lineages of black fungi isolated from different epilithic lichen thalli, while the second,Muellerellaspp. 2, is closely related to theVerrucariales. Based on these results, we reappraise the phylogenetic placement ofMuellerellaand suggest its polyphyly withinChaetothyriomycetidae.
Expansion of the Transport System as a Factor Affecting the Real Estate Market, with the Construction of the Olsztyn Ring-Road as an Example
Authors: Szczepańska Agnieszka 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Improvement of spatial accessibility, associated with changes in the transport system, can affect the local real estate market. This is because better transport accessibility and reducing the time of a journey home affects the location-related attractiveness of real estate.
A ring-road in a town is an example of changes in the transport system of an urban functional area. Such an investment project is being carried out in the Olsztyn suburban zone. The aim of the study was to verify whether the execution of this road construction project affects the local real estate market in the suburban area in the plot segment. The scope of the study included the change of activity and price level. The study period included the years 2007-2018. The analyses were based on descriptive statistics.
This paper presents the effect of transport accessibility on real estate prices, the importance of the ring-road under construction arising from the strategic document analysis, the methodology applied, and the conclusions of the study.
The results indicate a systematic increase in the number of transactions and average unit prices of building plots from the moment a permit for carrying out a road construction project was issued.
The Effect of Location on the Value of Ornamental Trees Using the Example of a Green Space in Lublin
Authors: Czernyszewicz Eugenia , Szymańska Małgorzata , Żuraw Beata , Leziak Katarzyna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper examines and identifies, using a specific example, how the location of trees influences their value. For the valuation of trees outside a forest area, appraisers often employ methods recommended for estimating forest stands, which significantly reduces the value of trees and valued properties. The tree-valuation method developed by SZCZEPANOWSKA et al. (2010) was used in our study. First, we compiled an inventory of trees located on plots intended for expropriation. The study covered all specimens with trunk circumferences of over 25 centimetres, which amounted to a total of 76 trees. We considered the value of the trees in the conditions of the actual location, which means that our calculations included house gardens in the city and the values of the same trees in hypothetical growth conditions: tree stands in rural and urban areas, green spaces in urban and rural areas, housing estates, roads and streets (both urban and rural), and historic areas, health resorts and health-resort protection zones.
Our study has shown that the tree valuation method based on differentiating coefficients is a very useful tool for establishing the value of trees in outlying areas.
Genotype by environment interaction and teak (Tectona grandis L.) selection in Costa Rica
Authors: Murillo O. , de Resende M.D.V. , Badilla Y. , Gamboa J.P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A teak progeny trial was established with four replicates at different sites along the northern Pacific region of Costa Rica. The trials followed a randomized block design, with 28 open pollinated families and 36 seedlings per family per site. Data from 7 years-old trees was analyzed both for each test location separately and for all locations combined. High individual heritability was found for diameter, which translates to higher breeding potential. The all locations combined analysis showed high genetic variation, with individual heritabilities reaching up to 22 %. Genotype by Environment (GxE) interactions explained only 2.5 % of total phenotypic variation. The genetic correlation (rg) among all four sites was 0.69. Hence, it is concluded that GxE interactions are not problematic for breeding purposes since they are not complex in nature. This teak breeding population showed strong genetic stability and performed well in most environments in the study area. The Hojancha location showed high genetic correlation with all other sites; therefore, it should be chosen for future testing and selection of elite genotypes. Selection of the 20 best individuals, allowing for up to two individuals per family, would result in a 1.78 cm (11 %) gain in diameter. Furthermore, based on this selection the inbreeding coefficient (F) in the offspring would only reach 2.9 %, while the expected effective population size (Ne) would be16.97 individuals. This selection scheme could reduce rotation age by almost two years, since the diameter goal of 40 cm would be reached earlier than the usual 20 years cycle. The results suggest that the progeny trial can be maintained as a single breeding population, suitable for planting in any site along the Northern Pacific region of Costa Rica.