bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinopathy in adults with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Western Tanzania: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Woodward Richmond , Mgaya Evarista , Mwanansao Christopher , Peck Robert N. , Wu Alan , Sun Grace 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the retinal manifestations of arterial hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in Western Tanzania and how to maximise the utilisation of scarce eye health resources. To address this, we determined the prevalence of hypertensive and diabetic retinopathy (DR), associated risk factors and relevant patient knowledge.MethodsAdults with HTN or DM attending outpatient clinics at Bugando Medical Center (BMC) from June to August 2017 were enrolled. Fundus photographs were obtained, and data were collected on blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), blood sugar, visual acuity (VA) and responses to questions about the effects of HTN and DM on the eye.ResultsA total of 180 persons were screened. When only individuals with DR were considered, bivariate regression found systolic BP was significantly associated with severity of DR (P = 0.034). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis using the maximum Youden index revealed the optimum cut‐off using duration of DM to predict any DR was 8 years (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI 0.65–0.85). Fewer persons with HTN were aware of the effect of high BP on the eye (61.6%) than persons with DM who were aware of the effect of high blood sugar on the eye (74.4%) (P = 0.048).ConclusionEfforts should be made to vigorously treat HTN among adults with DM and refer adults with duration of DM of 8 years or more for a dilated retinal examination. Additional efforts should be made to promote awareness of the sight threatening potential of HTN in resource‐limited settings.
Postinjury performance for differing humeral stress fracture locations in the racing thoroughbred
Authors: Henderson Brianne , Bramlage L. R. , Koenig Judith , Monteith Gabrielle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of humeral stress fracture location on the time to return to racing and postinjury performance of thoroughbred racehorses.Study designRetrospective study (1992‐2015).Sample populationThoroughbred racehorses (n = 131) that presented for lameness with the sole diagnosis of humeral stress fractures in the lame limb, as determined by scintigraphy or radiology.MethodsSex, fracture site, age, starts, earnings, and average earnings per race were examined for differences in pre–stress and post–stress fracture diagnosis for the entire population as well as individual stress fracture locations (general linear model, χ2tests). Pre–stress and post–stress fracture performance for the three stress fracture locations were assessed: (1) earnings pre–stress and post–stress fracture (Kruskal‐Wallis one‐way analysis of variance), (2) average earnings per start prefracture, and (3) average earnings per start postfracture (Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests).ResultsStress fracture locations were caudodistal (n = 36), craniodistal (n = 43), and caudoproximal (n = 52). One hundred ten of 131 horses raced postfracture, and 54 of 131 horses raced prefracture. Age at injury was 43.61 months caudodistal, 33.48 months caudoproximal, and 36.65 months craniodistal. Horses returned to race at a median of 244 days (range, 218‐272). Postfracture earnings per start were greater for caudodistal vs caudoproximal (P= .04).ConclusionThere were no differences in prefracture earnings or fracture site and sex or limb affected. Return‐to‐race time varied by location but not significantly. Differences in earnings preinjury and postinjury were not significant. Horses with a stress fracture at the caudodistal location earned significantly more compared with horses with a stress fracture at the caudoproximal location after they returned to race.Clinical significanceThoroughbred racehorses have a good prognosis for return to racing regardless of fracture location.
Is kinesiophobia and pain catastrophising at baseline associated with chronic pain and disability in whiplash-associated disorders? A systematic review
Authors: Luque-Suarez Alejandro , Falla Deborah , Morales-Asencio Jose Miguel , Martinez-Calderon Javier 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundKinesiophobia and pain catastrophising may be associated with patients’ transition from having acute to chronic pain following a whiplash injury.ObjectiveTo systematically review and critically appraise the literature to determine whether kinesiophobia and pain catastrophising are associated with greater likelihood of patients developing chronic pain and disability following a whiplash injury.DesignA systematic review of the literatureData sourcesElectronic searches of PubMed, AMED, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubPsych, and grey literature were undertaken from inception to September 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudy selection was based on longitudinal studies evaluating how kinesiophobia and/or pain catastrophising at baseline are associated with pain intensity, disability or both after a whiplash injury.ResultsWe included 14 longitudinal studies that described 12 independent cohorts with a total sample of 2733 participants with whiplash-associated disorder. Kinesiophobia at baseline was not associated with pain intensity over time (three studies). Whether kinesiophobia at baseline was associated with disability was unclear as results were conflicting (six studies). There were also conflicting results when we examined the association between pain catastrophising and both pain intensity (five studies) and disability (eight studies).Summary/conclusionsKinesiophobia at baseline was not associated with pain intensity over time. There were conflicting results for the remaining analyses. The size of the associations was small. The overall quality of the evidence was very low.Trial registration numberCRD42016053864.
Improvements to postprandial glucose control in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, double blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of a novel probiotic formulation
Authors: Perraudeau Fanny , McMurdie Paul , Bullard James , Cheng Andrew , Cutcliffe Colleen , Deo Achal , Eid John , Gines Jessica , Iyer Mohan , Justice Nicholas , Loo Wesley T , Nemchek Madeleine , Schicklberger Marcus , Souza Michael , Stoneburner Brendon , Tyagi Surabhi , Kolterman Orville 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionA growing body of evidence suggests that specific, naturally occurring gut bacteria are under-represented in the intestinal tracts of subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and that their functions, like gut barrier stability and butyrate production, are important to glucose and insulin homeostasis. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that enteral exposure to microbes with these proposed functions can safely improve clinical measures of glycemic control and thereby play a role in the overall dietary management of diabetes.Research design and methodsWe evaluated whether a probiotic comprised of these anaerobic bacteria would enhance dietary management by (1) manufacturing two novel probiotic formulations containing three (WBF-010) or five (WBF-011) distinct strains in a Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) facility, (2) establishing consistent live-cell concentrations, (3) confirming safety at target concentrations dispensed in both animal and human studies and (4) conducting a 12-week parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study in which subjects previously diagnosed with T2D (n=76) were randomly assigned to a two times a day regimen of placebo, WBF-010 or WBF-011.ResultsNo safety or tolerability issues were observed. Compared with the placebo group, subjects administered WBF-011 (which contains inulin,Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium butyricum, Bifidobacterium infantisandAnaerobutyricum hallii) significantly improved in the primary outcome, glucose total area under the curve (AUC): −36.1 mg/dL/180 min, p=0.0500 and also improved in secondary outcomes, glycated hemoglobin (A1c): −0.6, glucose incremental-AUC: −28.6 mg/dL/180 min.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial to administer four of the five strains to human subjects with T2D. This proof-of-concept study (clinical trial numberNCT03893422) shows that the intervention was safe and well tolerated and that supplementation with WBF-011 improves postprandial glucose control. The limited sample size and intersubject variability justifies future studies designed to confirm and expand on these observations.
Safety decision-making and planning mobile app for intimate partner violence prevention and response: randomised controlled trial in Kenya
Authors: Decker Michele R , Wood Shannon N , Hameeduddin Zaynab , Kennedy S Rachel , Perrin Nancy , Tallam Catherine , Akumu Irene , Wanjiru Irene , Asira Ben , Frankel Ariel , Omondi Benjamin , Case James , Clough Amber , Otieno Richard , Mwiti Morris , Glass Nancy 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) threatens women’s health and safety globally, yet services remain underdeveloped and inaccessible. Technology-based resources exist, however, few have been adapted and tested in low-resource settings. We evaluate the efficacy of a community-partnered technology solution: culturally and linguistically adapted version of the myPlan app, a tailored safety decision-making and planning intervention, administrated by trained lay professionals.MethodsThis randomised, controlled, participant-blinded superiority trial compares safety-related outcomes at baseline, immediate post intervention and 3-month follow-up among women at risk of and experiencing IPV in Nairobi, Kenya. Women were randomised (1:1 ratio) to: (1) myPlan Kenya (intervention); or (2) standard IPV referrals (control). Primary outcomes were safety preparedness, safety behaviour and IPV; secondary outcomes include resilience, mental health, service utilisation and self-blame.ResultsBetween April 2018 and October 2018, 352 participants (n=177 intervention, n=175 control) were enrolled and randomly assigned; 312 (88.6%, n=157 intervention, n=155 control) were retained at 3 months. Intervention participants demonstrated immediate postintervention improvement in safety preparedness relative to control participants (p=0.001). At 3 months, intervention participants reported increased helpfulness of safety strategies used relative to control participants (p=0.004); IPV reduced in both groups. Among women reporting the highest level of IPV severity, intervention participants had significant increase in resilience (p<0.01) compared with controls, and significantly decreased risk for lethal violence (p<0.01).ConclusionsFacilitated delivery of a technology-based safety intervention appropriately adapted to the context demonstrates promise in improving women’s IPV-related health and safety in a low-resource, urban setting.Trial registration numberPan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201804003321122).
Herpes simplex virus type 1 in Europe: systematic review, meta-analyses and meta-regressions
Authors: Yousuf Wajiha , Ibrahim Hania , Harfouche Manale , Abu Hijleh Farah , Abu-Raddad Laith 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in Europe.MethodsWe systematically reviewed HSV-1 related publications, conducted various meta-analyses and meta-regressions, assessed pooled mean seroprevalence, and estimated pooled mean proportions of HSV-1 viral detection in clinically diagnosed genital ulcer disease (GUD) and in genital herpes.ResultsWe extracted, from 142 relevant records, 179 overall (622 stratified) seroprevalence measures, 4 overall proportions of HSV-1 in GUD and 64 overall (162 stratified) proportions of HSV-1 in genital herpes. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 67.4% (95% CI 65.5% to 69.3%) with 32.5% (95% CI 29.4% to 35.7%) of children and 74.4% (95% CI 72.8% to 76.0%) of adults infected. Pooled seroprevalence increased steadily with age, being lowest in those aged <20 years (39.3%, 95% CI 35.9% to 42.7%) and highest in those aged >50 years (82.9%, 95% CI 78.8% to 86.6%). Pooled seroprevalence decreased yearly by 0.99-fold (95% CI 0.99 to 1.00). Pooled mean proportion of HSV-1 detection was 13.6% (95% CI 4.1% to 27.1%) in GUD, 34.1% (95% CI 31.7% to 36.5%) in genital herpes and 49.3% (95% CI 42.2% to 56.4%) in first episode genital herpes. Pooled proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital herpes increased yearly by 1.01-fold (95% CI 1.00 to 1.02), with higher detection in women (42.0%, 95% CI 37.4% to 46.7%) than men (24.1%, 95% CI 19.8% to 28.6%).ConclusionsHSV-1 epidemiology is transitioning away from its historical pattern of oral acquisition in childhood. Every year, seroprevalence is declining by 1% and the proportion of HSV-1 in genital herpes is increasing by 1%. As many as two-thirds of children are reaching sexual debut unexposed, and at risk of HSV-1 genital acquisition in adulthood.
Assessing the utility of cardiorespiratory fitness, visceral fat, and liver fat in predicting changes in insulin sensitivity beyond simple changes in body weight after exercise training in adolescents
Authors: Kuk Jennifer L. , Lee SoJung 
Published: July 2020

To examine the utility of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition in response to exercise training in adolescents with obesity beyond simple measures of body weight change. This is a secondary analysis of our previously published randomized trials of aerobic, resistance, and combined training. We included 104 adolescents (body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile) who had complete baseline and post-intervention data for CRF, regional body fat, insulin sensitivity, and oral glucose tolerance. Associations between changes in body composition and CRF with cardiometabolic variables were examined adjusted for age, sex, Tanner stage, race, exercise group, and weight loss. At baseline, CRF, visceral fat and liver fat were correlated with insulin sensitivity with and without adjustment for BMI percentile. Training-associated changes in CRF, visceral fat, and liver fat were also correlated with insulin sensitivity changes, but not independent of body weight change. After accounting for body weight change, none of the body composition or CRF were associated with changes in insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, systolic blood pressure, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Although CRF and body composition were strong independent correlates of insulin sensitivity at baseline, changes in CRF and visceral fat were not associated with changes in insulin sensitivity after accounting for body weight change. Clinicaltrials.gov registration nos.: NCT00739180, NCT01323088, NCT01938950. Novelty With exercise training, changes in body weight, CRF, visceral fat, and liver fat were correlated with changes in insulin sensitivity. Changes in body composition or CRF generally did not remain significant correlates of changes in insulin sensitivity after adjusting for body weight changes.
Obesidade como fator de risco para neuropatia periférica induzida pela quimioterapia em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama em tratamento com Paclitaxel
Authors: Adan Luca Bacellar Fernandes , Medina Xaari Wani , Imamura Marta , Brito Christina May Moran de , Battistella Linamara Rizzo , Cecatto Rebeca Boltes 
Published: July 2020

Neuropatia periférica induzida por quimioterapia (NIPQ) é uma condição incapacitante resultante de tratamento quimioterápico para câncer. Dentre os fatores de risco destaca-se a presença de neuropatia prévia e baixo clearance de creatinina. Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de NPIQ entre os pacientes portadores de câncer de mama submetidos ao uso do Paclitaxel (taxol) adjuvante e sua relação com obesidade. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, que avaliou os prontuários médicos de portadores de câncer de mama em tratamento adjuvante com uso do Paclitaxel no primeiro semestre de 2019, coletando dados referentes a CIPN, peso, altura e índice de massa corpórea (IMC). Resultados: Dentre os 70 pacientes avaliados, 44,3% apresentaram IMC entre 25,0 e 29,9 kg/m2, 15,7% entre 30,0 e 34,9 Kg/m2,, 8,6% entre 35,0 e 39,9 kg/m2, e 1,4% maior do que 40,0 kg/m2. A presença de neuropatia periférica foi documentada em 57,14 % dos pacientes. A média do IMC encontrado nos pacientes sem neuropatia foi de 25,05 e nos pacientes com neuropatia foi de 29,10 (p = 0,0005). A correlação de Spearman entre a presença de neuropatia e valores do IMC mostrou correlação positiva com r=0,40 e p=0,0006. O Risco Relativo RR para o surgimento de neuropatia em relação aos valores de IMC foi de 1.833 para o IMC acima de 25 (IC 95%). Conclusões: Há correlação positiva entre valores de IMC e o surgimento da NPIQ nesta amostra de pacientes, o que sugere que a obesidade pode ser um fator de risco para o surgimento da NPIQ.
Reduced Rivaroxaban Dose Versus Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Left Atrial Appendage Closure
Authors: Duthoit Guillaume , Silvain Johanne , Marijon Eloi , Ducrocq Grégory , Lepillier Antoine , Frere Corinne , Dimby Solohaja-Faniaha , Popovic Batric , Lellouche Nicolas , Martin-Toutain Isabelle , Spaulding Christian , Brochet Eric , Attias David , Mansourati Jacques , Lorgis Luc , Klug Didier , Zannad Noura , Hauguel-Moreau Marie , Braik Nassim , Deltour Sandrine , Ceccaldi Alexandre , Wang Hui , Hammoudi Nadjib , Brugier Delphine , Vicaut Eric , Juliard Jean-Michel , Montalescot Gilles ,   for the ADRIFT Investigators
Published: July 2020

Background:
Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) exposes to the risk of device thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation who frequently have a contraindication to full anticoagulation. Thereby, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is usually preferred. No randomized study has evaluated nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant after LAAC, and we decided to evaluate the efficacy and safety of reduced doses of rivaroxaban after LAAC.

Methods:

ADRIFT (Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Versus Rivaroxaban in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Treated With Left Atrial Appendage Closure) is a multicenter, phase IIb study, which randomized 105 patients after successful LAAC to either rivaroxaban 10 mg (R
10
, n=37), rivaroxaban 15 mg (R
15
, n=35), or DAPT with aspirin 75 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg (n=33). The primary end point was thrombin generation (prothrombin fragments 1+2) measured 2 to 4 hours after drug intake, 10 days after treatment initiation. Thrombin-antithrombin complex, D-dimers, rivaroxaban concentrations were also measured at 10 days and 3 months. Clinical end points were evaluated at 3-month follow-up.

Results:

The primary end point was reduced with R
10
(179 pmol/L [interquartile range (IQR), 129–273],
P
<0.0001) and R
15
(163 pmol/L [IQR, 112–231],
P
<0.0001) as compared with DAPT (322 pmol/L [IQR, 218–528]). We observed no significant reduction of the primary end point between R
10
and R
15
while rivaroxaban concentrations increased significantly from 184 ng/mL (IQR, 127–290) with R
10
to 274 ng/mL (IQR, 192–377) with R
15
,
P
<0.0001. Thrombin-antithrombin complex and D-dimers were numerically lower with both rivaroxaban doses than with DAPT. These findings were all confirmed at 3 months. The clinical end points were not different between groups. A device thrombosis was noted in 2 patients assigned to DAPT.

Conclusions:
Thrombin generation measured after LAAC was lower in patients treated by reduced rivaroxaban doses than DAPT, supporting an alternative to the antithrombotic regimens currently used after LAAC and deserves further evaluation in larger studies.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03273322.
Between Ottomans and Gujaratis: D. Diogo de Noronha, the Repositioning of Diu in the Indian Ocean, and the Creation of the Northern Province (1548–1560)
Authors: Vila-Santa Nuno 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes the role of Diu in the reconfiguration of the Northern Province during the 1550s by focusing on the career of D. Diogo de Noronha, whose role in the consolidation of the Portuguese presence in Diu has received little attention. After defeating the Abyssinian forces of the lord of Diu and seizing over half of the custom house revenue of the city from the Gujarati sultan, Noronha ensured a safer position for Diu and also contributed to the creation of the Northern Province in the late 1550s. What was the true role played by Diu after the difficult sieges of 1538 and 1546, when the Ottoman naval defeat of 1554 renewed the project of expansion to the North? What was the importance of Noronha in that project and how did he influence the spheres of decision in both Asia and Portugal? How did he leverage the struggles within the Gujarati court to achieve his goals? What were the main consequences of his actions for the later development of Diu in the second half of the sixteenth century? These are some of the questions we attempt to answer in this article.
Response of Vertical Velocities in Extratropical Precipitation Extremes to Climate Change
Authors: Li Ziwei , O’Gorman Paul A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrecipitation extremes intensify in most regions in climate model projections. Changes in vertical velocities contribute to the changes in intensity of precipitation extremes but remain poorly understood. Here, we find that midtropospheric vertical velocities in extratropical precipitation extremes strengthen overall in simulations of twenty-first-century climate change. For each extreme event, we solve the quasigeostrophic omega equation to decompose this strengthening into different physical contributions. We first consider a dry decomposition in which latent heating is treated as an external forcing of upward motion. Much of the positive contribution to upward motion from increased latent heating is offset by negative contributions from increases in dry static stability and changes in the horizontal length scale of vertical velocities. However, taking changes in latent heating as given is a limitation when the aim is to understand changes in precipitation, since latent heating and precipitation are closely linked. Therefore, we also perform a moist decomposition of the changes in vertical velocities in which latent heating is represented through a moist static stability. In the moist decomposition, changes in moist static stability play a key role and contributions from other factors such as changes in the depth of the upward motion increase in importance. While both dry and moist decompositions are self-consistent, the moist dynamical perspective has greater potential to give insights into the causes of the dynamical contributions to changes in precipitation extremes in different regions.