bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Product Variety Optimization: Simultaneous Optimization of Module Combination and Module Attributes
Authors: Fujita Kikuo , Yoshida Hiroko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a simultaneous optimization method for both module combination and module attributes of multiple products. As manufacturing competition has become restricted with high profitability and external constraints, simultaneous design of multiple products, which is called product variety design etc., becomes an important strategy. System-based optimal design paradigm is expected to be essential to rationalize such practices, since design for product variety is more complicated than one for a single product. Toward such a direction, we configure an optimization method for both module combination and module attributes across multiple products. The optimization method hybridizes a genetic algorithm, a mixed-integer programming method with a branch-and-bound technique, and a constrained nonlinear programming method, i.e., a successive quadratic programming method. In its optimization process, the first optimizes the combinatorial pattern of module commonality and similarity among different products, the second optimizes the directions of similarity on scale-based variety, and the third optimizes the continuous module attributes under the others. Finally it is applied to the simultaneous design problem of multiple airplanes to demonstrate its validity and effectiveness.
Automatic Geometry Adaptive Quadrilateral Mesh Generation Using Medial Axis Transform
Authors: Quadros W. R. , Ramaswami K. , Prinz F. B. , Gurumoorthy B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The medial axis transform (MAT) has been used in meshing algorithms for decomposition (Tam 1991; Price 1995; Price 1997) and for decomposition and termination (Quadros 2000: Quadros Thesis 2000). This paper describes an algorithm that uses the MAT for quad meshing that is adapted to the variation of geometric feature size in the domain. The algorithm is a modification of Lay Tracks, an automatic quad meshing algorithm that uses the MAT for both subdividing the domain and for terminating the advancing front of the mesh. The modification involves the adaptive placing of nodes inside the subdivided regions and makes use of the radius function available in the MAT to identify feature size and adapt the node spacing and mesh size to it. The algorithm has been implemented and tested on some typical geometries. Results on the quality of the mesh obtained are presented.
A Quadratic Form-Based Approach to Identification of Kinematic Chains in Structural Analysis and Synthesis of Mechanisms
Authors: He Peiren , Zhang Wenjun , Li Qing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Identification of kinematic chains is needed when studying in structural analysis and synthesis of mechanisms. Research on detection of isomorphism in graphs/kinematic chains has a long history. Many algorithms or methods have been proposed. However, these methods have only achieved success in restricted conditions. This paper proposes a new approach using the concept of quadratic form. Graphs/kinematic chains are first represented by their adjacency matrices, the eigenvalues and their eigenvectors corresponding to these adjacency matrices are then calculated. Two graphs are represented by two quadratic expressions. The comparison of two graphs reduces to the comparison of two quadratic expressions. Quadratic expressions are characterized by the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. An algorithm is developed to compare, correspondingly, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of two graphs, known test cases are used to verify the effectiveness of the approach.
Screw Theory Based Metrology for Design and Error Compensation of Machine Tools
Authors: Moon Sang-Ku , Moon Yong-Mo , Kota Sridhar , Landers Robert G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a generalized mathematical framework for computation and compensation of tool tip errors in multi-axis machine tools using screw theory. In contrast to conventional Denavit–Hartenberg notation, Screw theory offers several advantages including: (i) modeling of complex machine tool configurations with rotational axes, (ii) tractability of error propagation which simplifies solution of inverse kinematics and subsequent error-compensation procedures, and (iii) functional representation of error screws in a global reference frame rather than cumbersome coordinate transformations of local reference frames. Kinestatic filtering technique [11,12] is adopted for evaluating the compensatability of errors and the Jacobian is used for error compensation. The methodology is illustrated using a five-axis machine tool with two rotational axes.
Tuning a Hybrid Optimization Algorithm by Determining the Modality of the Design Space
Authors: Hacker Kurt , Eddy John , Lewis Kemper 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present an approach for increasing the efficiency of a hybrid Genetic/Sequential Linear Programming algorithm. We introduce two metrics for evaluating the modality of the design space and then use this information to efficiently switch between the Genetic Algorithm and SLP algorithm. The motivation for this study is an effort to reduce the computational expense associated with the use of a Genetic Algorithm by reducing the number of function evaluations needed to find good solutions. In the paper the two metrics used to evaluate the modality of the design space are the variance in fitness of the population of the designs in the Genetic Algorithm and the error associated with fitting a response surface to the designs evaluates by the Genetic Algorithm. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by considering a highly multimodal Genetic Algorithm benchmarking problem.
Fixture Configuration Design for Sheet Metal Laser Welding With a Two-Stage Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Li Bing , Shiu Boon-wai , Lau Kwok-jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper a two-stage response surface methodology is developed for the robust fixture configuration design of sheet metal laser welding. The first stage is to optimally determine the Robust Design Space (RDS) where the relatively less-sensitive design over the entire feasible design space can be obtained. A weighted objective function combining both robustness and performance are taken in this stage. The degree of metal fit-up is taken as performance characteristic. Within RDS a second-order response surface model is fitted by a 3k fractional factorial design in the second stage. Thus, based on the new methodology the robust design results under the new fixturing scheme can be obtained. Illustrative example shows that the presented method can lead to a robust fixturing scheme and the influential design locators can be detected.
Optimal Smart Actuator Integration to Reduce Vibration in High Speed Mechanical Systems
Authors: Rastegar J. , Yuan L. , Hua L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A systematic method is presented for optimal integration of smart actuators into the structure of robot manipulators for the purpose of enabling them to perform smooth object manipulation with smooth actuated joint motions. Here, the motions are considered to be smooth if they do not contain high harmonic components. For optimal positioning of smart actuators in the structure of robot manipulators, a method is developed based on the evaluation of the transmissibility of displacement (velocity and/or force) from the smart actuators to the robot manipulator joint motions and the end-effector displacements (velocity and/or force). A method is then presented for synthesizing actuated joint and object motions to achieve trajectories that do not contain high harmonic components. By minimizing the high harmonic components of the required joint and object motions with properly sized and placed smart actuators, such computer-controlled machines can operate at relatively higher speeds and achieve greater tracking precision with minimal vibration and control problems. A number of numerical examples are provided.
The Influence of Optimization in the Problems of Waves Propagation in Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Sarkisyan A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The wave propagation in cylindrical shell under the influence of the different factors, such as visco-elasticity, magneto-elasticity, presence of temperature field and fluid, the layerness and anisotropy of the shell is a very interesting problem. Composite materials posses different properties, giving a push to further development of the theory of elasticity of anisotropic bodies, in particular theory of anisotropic plates and shells. For different thin shells, made from different materials, based on dispersion equations received dependencies of wave velocity to the angle between physical and geometrical axes of the shell are constructed. Anisotropic shells, containing fluid: compressed and incompressible, are considered. Constructed the surfaces, showing change of velocities depending on angle between physical and geometrical axes of shell and length of wave. Comparison of all received results is resulted which reveals the stabilizing role of fluid. The behavior of three layered orthotropic shell on the example of arteries is investigated. On the same example comparison with the similar shell is resulted and analysis of this comparison is given. Analysis shows that the velocity in a layered shell much more decreases in comparison with one layered.
Optimal Structural Topology Design for Energy Absorption: A Heuristic Approach
Authors: Soto Ciro A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new approach to design the topology for structures under crash events is presented. The approach is heuristic in essence, but numerical experiments have shown its uses in real problems. Using an interpolation between porous and solid (non-porous) materials plus a re-design rule to by-pass gradient computations the new approach is able to determine better locations of material and density in a given structural domain for kinetic energy dissipation. An example is presented to illustrate the methodology.
Effectiveness of Haptic Sensation for the Evaluation of Virtual Prototypes
Authors: Volkov Sergei A. , Vance Judy M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Virtual Reality techniques provide a unique new way to interact with three-dimensional digital objects. Virtual prototyping refers to the use of virtual reality to obtain evaluations of designs while they are still in digital form before physical prototypes are built. While the current state-of-the-art in virtual reality relies mainly on the use of stereo viewing and auditory feedback, commercial haptic devices have recently become available that can be integrated into the virtual environment to provide force feedback to the user. This paper outlines a study that was performed to determine whether the addition of force feedback to the virtual prototyping task improved the ability of the participants to make design decisions. The specific task involved comparing the location and movement of two virtual parking brakes located in the virtual cockpit of an automobile. The paper describes the purpose, methods and results of the study.
Web-Based Interactive Design of Freeform Motions
Authors: Li S. T. , Ge Q. J. , Varshney A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the development of a software system for web-based geometric design of freeform motions. The Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is used to describe static and animated 3D objects. The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is used as an interface for client/server communication, parsing user input from the web browser and returning information based on user input. This work extends the web server’s functionality to include geometric design of freeform motions and automatic generation of VRML models by porting our existing C++ implementation of motion approximation and interpolation algorithms to the internet using platform- and language-independent CGI scripting. Examples are provided for geometric design of line-symmetric motions over the internet.
The Computation of 3D Pattern Matching As a Tool for Conceptual Freeform Shape Design
Authors: Vergeest Joris S. M. , Spanjaard Sander 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Freeform feature fitting is a technique underlying different applications, including reverse engineering, object recognition and conceptual shape design. The latter application poses specific requirements to the fitting technique with regard to speed, robustness and interactivity. On the other hand, the spatial accuracy and the density of the input data can be permitted to be relatively low. We have performed freeform feature fitting to physical shapes using both a high-density mechanical scanning device and a low-cost desktop laser scanner. The performance of these technologies have been compared. The fitting technique is based on direct template matching, where a template is a 3D shape feature under control of 6 placement parameters (defining the ridged body transformation) and a number of intrinsic form parameters. We found that template matching remained reliable even for sparse and partly missing data. A low-cost, high-speed scanner can hence function as a 3D digital shape copier and be a supportive tool for conceptual product design. Limitations and extension of the technology are addressed.
Structure Synthesis of 4-DOF (3-Translation and 1-Rotation) Parallel Robot Mechanisms Based on the Units of Single-Opened-Chain
Authors: Yang Ting-Li , Jin Qiong , Liu An-Xin , Yao Fang-Hua , Luo Yu-Feng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Based on the units of single-opened-chain limb, some topological characteristics of rank-degenerate parallel robot mechanisms are revealed, and a systematic and effective new method for structure synthesis of 4-DOF (3-translation and 1-rotation) parallel robot mechanism is put forward in this paper. 50 new mechanisms are synthesized and classified. The method proposed in this paper is of universal significance and has been used for the structure synthesis of rank-degenerate parallel robot mechanisms with other kinematics output types.
Adaptive Slicing for a Five-Axis Laser Aided Manufacturing Process
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liou F. W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Laser Aided Manufacturing Process (LAMP) is an additive process similar to laser cladding. It can produce fully functional parts because the process is material independent. The traditional layered manufacturing (LM) processes with fixed build direction have a limited surface accuracy and their build time is often long due to the deposition of sacrificial support structure. The multiple degrees of freedom allow the LAMP system to build a part without support structure and with better surface quality; however, an automated method for path planning of such a multi-axis system is necessary. An algorithm of adaptive slicing for five-axis LAMP is presented in this paper, which can generate optimal slices to achieve deposition without support structures. Different from the current adaptive slicing, this technique varies not only in layer thickness but also in slicing direction. The slicing direction is determined by a marching algorithm, which is based on the surface normal of points on the side surface of the current slice. Two techniques are adapted to build the overhang between two adjacent layers: thin wall deposition and direct overhang deposition based on surface tension.
Concepts and Applications of Probabilistic Design
Authors: Booker Julian D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Deterministic design fails to provide the necessary understanding of the variability associated with the properties of materials, manufacturing tolerances and in-service loading. Probabilistic design offers much potential in this area, providing an effective way of determining product life-time estimates, reducing failure costs and aiding the process of weight optimization in product design, but has yet to be taken up widely by manufacturing industry. In this paper, case studies are used to explore some important probabilistic design concepts and introduce methods that allow reliability performance measures to be assessed for product designs early in the product development process. The methods described are used in conjunction with Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to facilitate the setting of reliability targets for design proposals.
Computer Aided GD&T Advisor Based on Y14.5 Conformance and Good Practice
Authors: Ramaswamy Sanjay , Shah Jami J. , Davidson Joseph K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Contemporary CAD systems support GD&T specifications simply as textual attributes which does not facilitate validation of dimensioning and tolerancing. The Y14.5 tolerance standard is quite complex and many engineers are not quite familiar with all this intricacies. A few expert systems have been developed for GD&T support but they typically focus on tolerance values and their cost consequences. This paper presents the design and implementation of an integrated system for specification and automatic validation of dimensioning and tolerancing schemes in conformance with Y14.5. The validation includes not only tolerance values but choice of datums and datum reference frames. Additionally, the GD&T specifications are checked against good practice rules. This paper also provides a compilation of such rules from a variety of sources.
Assembly/Disassembly Simulation Early During a Design Process
Authors: Léon Jean-Claude , Rejneri Nicolas , Debarbouillé Gilles 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article, a method is presented which can automatically generate all feasible disassembly sequences of a product both from geometric and technological points of views. The components of the assembly are modelled with accurate B-Rep models and the mobility between them is modelled as effective translations, rotations or helical movements.
In order to reduce the algorithm complexity inherited from such models, i.e. the number of geometrically feasible sequences and the complexity of the movements, this approach is based on technological data associated to the geometric description of components.
The geometric and technological data are taken into account to create associations of components, i.e. the number of components is reduced, and to define criteria for the evaluation and selection of disassembly sequences in order to reduce the number of sequences effectively built and hence the algorithm complexity. Then, user criteria are incorporated to select the best component to mount/dismount for each operation and produce assembly/disassembly sequences. A path trajectory planner is coupled with the sequencing process to generate paths in 3D that avoid obstacles.
This approach incorporates geometric models of components as well as technological data, which may be available early during a design process. All these data are not strictly required for the simulation process. Therefore, the simulation can be continuously enriched during the design process and can be initiated early in this process.
Design Process Error-Proofing: International Industry Survey and Research Roadmap
Authors: Chao Lawrence P. , Beiter Kurt A. , Ishii Kosuke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a survey on the use of error management methods during the design process at several leading corporations in the United States and Japan. The survey reveals that although many companies are aware of the benefits of structured design processes, and although most have implemented systematic design practices to some level, many companies are still reliant on reactive tools (such as design reviews and checklists) to manage design-related errors. This paper discusses the survey methodology, the results of the survey, and the authors’ proposed work to address the existing lack of a systematic approach to design process error-proofing.
Product Development Process Modeling Using Advanced Simulation
Authors: Cho Soo-Haeng , Eppinger Steven D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a product development process modeling and analysis technique using advanced simulation. The model computes the probability distribution of lead time in a resource-constrained project network where iterations take place among sequential, parallel and overlapped tasks. The model uses the design structure matrix representation to capture the information flows between tasks. In each simulation run, the expected durations of tasks are initially sampled using the Latin Hypercube Sampling method and decrease over time as the model simulates the progress of dynamic stochastic processes. It is assumed that the rework of a task occurs for the following reasons: (1) new information is obtained from overlapped tasks after starting to work with preliminary inputs, (2) inputs change when other tasks are reworked, and (3) outputs fail to meet established criteria. The model can be used for better project planning and control by identifying leverage points for process improvements and evaluating alternative planning and execution strategies. An industrial example is used to illustrate the utility of the model.
On Defining Product Requirements: A Case Study in the UK Health Care Sector
Authors: Agouridas Vassilis , Baxter Jim , McKay Alison , de Pennington Alan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Design is one of the core business processes involved in product development, and approaches such as Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Axiomatic Design (AD) have been developed for improving its effectiveness and efficiency. However, they are limited in their provision of structure and formalism to the mapping of customer needs to product requirements. This is in part due to lack of identifying characteristics of customer needs. The characteristics of Solution Space™, consisting of pairs of opportunities and constraints, address partially this by providing a framework for identifying sources of product requirements. This paper reports the results of a case study, within the UK health care sector, related to the design of an artificial knee joint. In particular, it is shown how AD and the framework consisting of pairs of opportunities and constraints can be used in conjunction with each other to establish a view of the system of which the artificial knee joint forms part. The development of such a view helps to ensure that characteristics of potential stakeholders’ needs are more appropriately identified. This is a prerequisite for the establishment of more formal relationships between stakeholders’ needs and product requirements.
RedesignIT: A Constraint-Based Tool for Managing Design Changes
Authors: Ollinger Gabriel Aguirre , Stahovich Thomas F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
RedesignIT is a computer program that uses model-based reasoning to generate and evaluate proposals of redesign plans for engineered devices. These proposals describe how the design parameters could be changed to achieve a specified performance goal. Equally important, the program proposes complementary modifications that may be necessary to counteract the undesirable side effects of the primary changes. RedesignIT is intended for use during the first stages of a redesign project, when engineers need to make a quick, yet accurate assessment of the overall effects of a particular design change. The program uses qualitative device models, which allow it to compute redesign plans efficiently. With its ability to predict the collateral, and probably undesirable, effects of a design change, the program is well suited to aid product designers in deciding on the feasibility of introducing design changes to a product. RedesignIT employs methods of artificial intelligence, especially qualitative reasoning, causal reasoning, and heuristic search.