bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lexical bundles as reflections of disciplinary norms in Spanish
and English literary criticism, history, and psychology
research
Authors: Lake William Michael , Cortes Viviana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
While corpus studies on academic writing have
improved instructional materials for writing in the hard sciences,
humanities and social sciences world language writing pedagogy
remains open to development. In the interest of data-driven Spanish
for academic purposes curricula, using English and Spanish corpora
of psychology, history and literary criticism articles, we analyzed
nouns occurring in sentence-subject position in 100 randomly-sampled
sentences. In both languages, psychology had significantly more
epistemic, and fewer phenomenal, sentence subject nouns than the
other two fields. We extended our analysis to lexical bundles
containing Spanish-English equivalent noun phrases in
sentence-subject position which occurred significantly more often in
psychology in both languages. The results are discussed in terms of
scientific and humanities writing pedagogy for both languages.
Adjectives as nominal pre-modifiers in chemistry and applied
linguistics research articles
Authors: Dutra Deise Prina , Queiroz Jessica M.S. , de Macedo Luciana D. , Costa Danilo D. , Mattos Elisa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the use of attributive
adjectives as nominal pre-modifiers in two corpora: CorAChem (Corpus
of Articles in Chemistry) and CorAAL (Corpus of Articles in Applied
Linguistics) composed of 150 articles each. Our aim is to understand
the use of pre-modifying adjectives in noun phrases (NPs),
considering which adjectives are used as well as the NP size and
frequency across disciplines. The results show that both corpora
carry more classifiers than descriptors. Nevertheless, each
discipline favors the use of adjectives with specific functions.
Both corpora use long premodifying sequences, but CorAChem carries a
greater number of longer sequences. The use of long NPs may affect
understanding due to the interrelation among the NP constituents as
shown in CorAChem.
P-frames and rhetorical moves in applied linguistics conference
abstracts
Authors: Yoon Jungwan , Casal J. Elliott 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the use of formulaic
phrase frames (p-frames) in the rhetorical construction of Applied
Linguistics Conference Abstracts (CAs). We consider both the
distribution of p-frames across rhetorical moves/steps and the
strength of the association of p-frames with individual moves/steps
in 625 accepted AAAL 2017 CAs, all freely available on the
organization’s website. We manually tagged the corpus for rhetorical
moves/steps and identified p-frames of 5 and 6 words (29 per million
threshold) using kfNgram (Fletcher 2012). Results highlight that
p-frames play a prominent role in the realization of CA writers’
rhetorical goals both in the prevalence of p-frame use (roughly 1.7
instances per text in our data) and in the close relationship that
many p-frames exhibit with particular rhetorical functions.
BAF45D knockdown decreases cell viability, inhibits colony formation, induces cell apoptosis and S-phase arrest in human pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Liu Zengyi , Liu Lihua , Sun Ruyu , Liu Chao 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Pancreatic cancer, an extremely aggressive malignancy, is resistant to chemo- or radiotherapy. The rapid progression of pancreatic cancer without distinctive clinical sign makes early diagnosing and/or treating very difficult. BAF45D, a member of the d4 domain family, is involved in oncogenic processes. However, the role of BAF45D in pancreatic tumorigenesis is largely unclear. Our goal is to examine BAF45D protein expression after lentivirus-mediated Baf45d RNAi and explore the effects of BAF45D knockdown on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle of human pancreatic cancer cells. Here our results showed that Baf45d RNAi downregulated BAF45D protein levels and decreased cell viability, increased cell apoptosis, and decreased colony formation in BxPC-3 cells. Moreover, BAF45D knockdown induced S-phase arrest in BxPC-3 cells. Our results here suggest that BAF45D may play a crucial role in tumorigenic properties of human pancreatic cancer cells.
Optical studies of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain walls
Authors: Nataf G F , Guennou M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recent studies carried out with atomic force microscopy or high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal that ferroic domain walls can exhibit different physical properties than the bulk of the domains, such as enhanced conductivity in insulators, or polar properties in non-polar materials. In this review we show that optical techniques, in spite of the diffraction limit, also provide key insights into the structure and physical properties of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domain walls. We give an overview of the uses, specificities and limits of these techniques, and emphasize the properties of the domain walls that they can probe. We then highlight some open questions of the physics of domain walls that could benefit from their use.
Application of Tikhonov Regularization for 1D Geothermal Heat Flux Ill-Posed Inverse Problem: A Case Study on Chad Sedimentary Basin
Authors: Salim Christopher , Mariyanto Mariyanto , Bohal Yolanda Mustika , Sihombing Hilda Liliana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Subsurface heat flux information is important in geothermal exploration. With the information, geophysicists can map exactly the thermal potential in a particular area. Based on the surface heat flux, inverse modeling produces the 1D subsurface heat flux distribution. However, inverse problems in the geothermal system are generally ill-posed. Small changes in the data can cause large changes in the solution and the solution may not be unique. To solve the mentioned non-linear and ill-posed equation above, Tikhonov regularization is a choice for stabilizing the inverse calculation. This paper demonstrates how Tikhonov regularization is useful to solve subsurface heat flux distribution both in the synthetic model and real model. Based on surface heat flux distribution from the direct problem, the preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm calculates the subsurface heat flux. With the correct choice of the regularization parameter, the inverse model fits the initial model. For the testing purposes in real-world conditions, Chad sedimentary basin located in Chad and Nigeria is used as a model. A high geothermal gradient is found in this area. Therefore, geothermal explorations are on the rise recently. Its thermal conductivity, heat production, and stratigraphy data from previous researches provide information about the initial model. The heat flux curve generated from inversion matches the initial noisy model with the error of around 10−9 mW/m2. Therefore, to answer the increasing energy demand, this method can be highly applicable to future geothermal prospecting.
Application of Remote Sensing for Determination of Power Plant Area: Case Study of Lumut Balai, South Sumatra
Authors: Winanti S S , Latuconsina N , Herdani A N , Kumara D A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Subduction zone located beneath Sumatra, Indonesia causes the formation of volcanic sequences, which can be associated with the potential of geothermal energy. One of them is Lumut Balai area in South Sumatra. A study of using remote sensing method was conducted as one of the preliminary methods to find out the geothermal potential in the Lumut Balai area. In this case, an analysis of regional geology maps, Landsat 8 OLI / TIRS, and digital elevation model (DEM) was carried out. The geothermal potential is obtained based on a combination of anomalies in land surface temperature (LST), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and distribution of alteration zones. The analysis of NDVI result shows the Lumut Balai area dominated by mostly moderate to high level of vegetation density up to 0.88. Whereas, the LST result shows the maximum value, which is 40.3°C located at the residential area in the north and the open land in the northwest of Lumut Balai. The correlation between the results of LST and NDVI has been shown in geothermal surface manifestations, that have vegetation less than 0.88 while the temperatures show a higher value up to 40°C than the surrounding its area. While the results of the DEM analysis provide topographic information, the slope in the study area used to determine the area for development of power plant. The power plant more likely to be located in the southwest and northeast of Lumut Balai where it has flat terrain and not in the near-fault area.
Reservoir Temperature Calculation of Immature Geothermal Water from Hot Spring Around the Slamet Volcano
Authors: Iswahyudi S , Siswandi  , Attabik L W , Saifrudin N A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The temperature of some geothermal reservoirs around Slamet Volcano can be estimated from hot spring water geochemistry around it. Calculation of reservoir temperature from immature hot water samples has the potential to cause uncertainty. This is due to a mixture of geothermal water and meteoric water. The manifestation of the geothermal water appears in several different places, including on the southern slope of Slamet Volcano which consists of Pancuran-7 and Pancuran-3 Hot Springs. On the northwest slope of Slamet Volcano, several manifestations also appear, namely Pancuran-13 and Pengasihan in the Guci Area and Sigedong Hot springs in Sigedong Area. This study uses geochemical methods of geothermal water and hot springs water sample data from previous studies for analysis of geoindicators and geothermometers. Reservoir temperature calculation is based on the content of silica and enthalpy of immature geothermal water and meteoric water in the study area. Based on the Cl- Li-B geoindicator analysis, it was interpreted that there were 3 geothermal systems with different reservoirs around Slamet Volcano, namely the Baturaden, Guci and Sigedong Systems. Based on the Na-K-Mg plot for the geothermometer, the five hot springs around Slamet Volcano are included in the immature water group. Based on the enthalpy vs. silica analyses, the geothermal reservoir temperatures for Baturaden, Guci, and Sigedong are 204°C-210°C, 187°C-196°C and 181°C.
Surface and Subsurface Fracture Zones Modeling Using Automatic Lineament Analysis and Geostatistical Method, with Case Study of Wayang Windu Geothermal Field, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Heriawan Mohamad Nur , Hafizsyah Rifqy Adwin , Hanunah Jihan Syifa , Hede Arie Naftali Hawu , Malik Dwiyogarani 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Geological structures such as faults and fractures in a geothermal prospect area might be an indication of a permeable zone for geothermal fluids through fractures that appear inside the rocks. Such geological structures can be identified by lineaments in satellite images and aerial photographs. In this study, we determine the effect of pixel size on the results of automatic lineament extraction and examine the relationship between lineaments at the Wayang Windu geothermal field (WWGF) and nearby geothermal areas, automated lineament results which were extracted from digital elevation models (DEMs) with pixel sizes of 0.5 m, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 4 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m based on aerial photographs, DEM Nasional (DEMNAS) images, and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) images. Under similar parameters, larger pixel sizes revealed fewer and longer lineaments than smaller pixel sizes. The type of image (i.e., satellite images or aerial photographs) used for lineament extraction did not affect the results. Based on lineament density maps, the lineaments from images with smaller pixels had a wider distribution area than those with larger pixels. Surface geothermal manifestations, such as hot springs, showed good correlation with lineaments found in images with smaller pixel sizes (≤ 5m), which were found in moderate to high lineament density zones. Based on the lineaments extracted from SRTM images, each geothermal field in southern Bandung (Patuha, WWGF, Darajat, Kamojang) had a local geological structure that greatly correlated with the lineament extraction results. All of the lineaments in the geothermal fields were primarily oriented in the NE–SW direction (i.e., N65°E for Patuha, N51°E for WWGF, N57°E for Darajat, and N24°E for Kamojang). Subsurface fracture zone modeling was conducted at WWGF to estimate the permeability zones based on the fracture density from production well data using the Ordinary Kriging (geostatistical) method. The results revealed the direction of subsurface fracture dips and strikes as well as the relationship between subsurface fracture geometries and surface lineament structures. In general, the subsurface fracture zones featured strikes in a NE–SW direction, with dip angles ranging from 74° to 85° and fracture density ranging from 36 to 43 fractures per 10 m. Additionally, the fracture density linearly corresponded to the depth of wellpads. Compared to the surface lineament extraction map, the majority of lineaments were in the NE–SW direction, similar to the major strike of the subsurface fracture zones.
The Subsurface Geology and Hydrothermal Alteration of the Dieng Geothermal Field, Central Java: A Progress Report
Authors: Shalihin M G J , Utami P , Nurpratama M I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Dieng geothermal system is volcano-hosted, and its reservoir is liquid-dominated. Thermal manifestations lay at about 2,000 m asl. Previous studies suggest that the field consists of three prospect areas, namely Sileri, Sikidang-Merdada, and Pakuwaja. Dieng Geothermal Field has serious problems with mineral scaling and corrosion in the production facility. The problems, to some extent, are related to the natural characteristics of the system. In our study, cuttings from 4 of 47 wells drilled in Dieng were examined using petrography and X-Ray Diffractometry techniques to better understand the subsurface geology of the Dieng Geothermal Field, including different types of hydrothermal alteration mineralogy. The wells MG-1, MG-2 and MG-3, and MG-4 are chosen to represent the prospect areas, respectively. In general, typical hydrothermal minerals in Dieng Geothermal Field formed by near-neutral pH fluids characterized by clays (smectite, illite, chlorite), silica (quartz, cristobalite), calcite, wairakite, pyrite, epidote, and actinolite. In wells MG-3 which are located in the Sikidang-Merdada area, acidic alteration such as anhydrite, pyrophyllite, and native sulfur are present. Most notably, anhydrite occurs from the near-surface down to depths >2,000 m. These findings indicate the existence of acidic fluids at the deeper parts of the Sikidang-Merdada area. Furthermore, we utilize subsurface geological data from other wells within all the three prospect areas to complement our review.
Identifying Upflow Zone Based on Thermal Infrared (TIR) Sensor and Field Measurements at Volcanic Field
Authors: Hilman Zaki , Saepuloh Asep , Chalik Citra Aulian , Heriawan Mohamad Nur 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Upflow zone identification at volcanic fields is crucial for geothermal resource exploration. The common problem to identify the upflow zone using conventional mapping method is time-consuming and the limitation of access to the area. The application of satellite imaging as ground-truthing is aimed to increase the effectiveness of upflow zone detection at geothermal fields. This study selected the volcanic field around the Bandung Basin for a model case. The data used in this study were thermal images of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Thermal Infrared Radiometer (TIR) by the night observations. The TIR data were corrected and calibrated by Visible Near Infrared Radiometer (VNIR) to measure Land Surface Temperature (LST). We then focused our analysis around a volcanic area that showed high LST at the Papandayan crater and other manifestations. Validations were carried out by measuring surface temperature and gas concentrations including SO2 and CO2. The reading value of the gases was different on each location, but the pattern of the gases was relatively similar especially the SO2 gas pattern. The SO2 gas showed a relatively constant trend of gas concentration over time in the upflow zone, but in the outflow zone showed an increase pattern with the time whose reading values were lower than those on the upflow. On the contrary, the non-geothermal features showed that the SO2 concentration decreased with the time towards almost 0. According to the retrieved LST, the surface manifestations were located not only at the high anomaly but also at medium anomaly depending on the manifestation dimension. The gas and temperature measurements proved that LST could be used to enhance the effectiveness of upflow zone identification.
Design of Geothermal Drilling Training Curriculum as the Implementation of the National Competence Standard on Onshore Drilling
Authors: Umam Mukhamad F. , Susilo Joko , Purba Dorman P. , Adityatama Daniel W. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Indonesia is currently the second largest geothermal installed capacity in the world, with around 1948,5 MW installed capacity. However, this achievement is still far from the Indonesian Government’s target of 7000 MW installed capacity in 2025. Thus, it requires a lot of efforts, supporting policies, and a great deal of competent human resources to achieve this ambitious target. Fulfilling the need for qualified geothermal human resources will take a significant amount of time if it only relies on higher education graduates. Hence, vocational education institutions especially training centers are expected to contribute more to meet these needs. The government has issued a regulation on the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) which covers aspects of knowledge, skills and work attitudes relevant to the implementation of assigned duties and terms including SKKNI of onshore drilling which is used as a reference for oil and gas and geothermal drilling. However, previous studies have identified the differences between geothermal drilling and oil and gas drilling. This might be due to the government still considers that those two are similar, so they only issued one competency standard for both fields. This paper discusses the implementation of SKKNI on onshore drilling competency standard to produce geothermal drilling curricula. The first part of this paper will map the current conditions of Indonesia’s geothermal drilling human resources development including the estimated number of human resources needed. Furthermore, this study highlights the fundamental differences between the hydrocarbon and geothermal drilling to provide a better understanding of the competency needs of labor in the geothermal industry. Several research or publications and overseas competency standards are discussed and compared to decide which material needs to be included in the curriculum. Several alternative approaches related to human resource capacity development are also proposed in this paper to support the Indonesian Government’s target in 2025.
A New Mechanism in Determining the Number of Geothermal Wells for Power Plant Development Using Stochastic Method
Authors: Salim Feri Vernando , Pratama Heru Berian , Saptadji Nenny Miryani 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The number of geothermal wells (production, injection, make-up) should be calculated carefully to get the optimum values for the technical aspect of power plant development. However, the method for calculating the number of wells has been used is a deterministic approach that involves only a single value for every parameter. Since the result of this method is a single value, it cannot capture the uncertainties of the field parameters. Therefore, this paper proposed the newest method that applied 2-level full factorial design of experiment approach with the help from Minitab software to cover the uncertainties of the field parameters and to produce the probabilistic number of wells in combination with Monte Carlo Simulation. The proposed method has been successfully used to calculate the number of wells in the case study of Karaha-Talaga Bodas field. Based on the study, the most significant factors for determining the number of production and injection wells are the fluid enthalpy and total mass flow rate, whereas for the make-up wells number are the decline rate and make-up well capacity. 5 production wells, 1 injection well, and 4 make-up wells are the minimum requirement number of wells that should be drilled for generating 30 MW power plant capacity in 30 years.
Updating the Conceptual Model of Lumut Balai Geothermal Field, South Sumatera, Indonesia Using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Hamdani Muhamad Ridwan , Pratama Heru Berian , Sutopo  
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Lumut Balai geothermal field is classified as a volcanic hydrothermal system characterized by the presence of fumaroles and hot springs. Downhole measurements indicate that this geothermal system has a liquid-dominated reservoir with temperatures of 240-260°C. This study presents a natural state model and updated the conceptual model of Lumut Balai based on published geological, geophysical, geochemical, and well data. The model was validated using available temperature data from three drilled wells. Furthermore, the mass and heat flow through the model were also validated with geoscience and well data. A match to the natural state condition was achieved by adjusting the horizontal and vertical permeability. The updated conceptual model of Lumut Balai geothermal field has been shown to be physically realistic by a numerical model. The model temperatures, mass flow, and heat flow are well-matched with the actual data, although there is still some room for further improvements.
Preliminary Financial Modelling with Probabilistic Approach for Geothermal Development Project in Indonesia
Authors: Lesmana Ade , Winofa Nevi Cahya , Pratama Heru Berian , Ashat Ali , Saptadji Nenny Miryani 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The right of geothermal field concession in Indonesia is obtained by tender as per Law No. 21/2014 Article 18. In the submitted proposal, the developer candidates shall mention the plan of field development strategy, while available data is limited due to a preliminary survey or preliminary survey and exploration were just performed. Then the developer candidates must be able to formulate the financial condition of the project so that the field utilization not only sustains but also produces appropriate profits. This paper discussed some regulations which are related to the economics of geothermal development project in Indonesia and a simple example of financial modelling with a probabilistic approach using Microsoft Excel Monte Carlo simulation and analysis tool. The input data were some technical assumptions such as installed capacity, steam fraction, steam specific consumption (SSC), well’s capacity, well’s success ratio, and financial assumptions such as well’s price, power plant construction’s cost, operation and maintenance cost, and others. The output of modelling were NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and parameters that were sensitive to both values, whether financially or technically. The result of simulation showed from the financial aspect, wells and power plant cost were the most sensitive parameters in IRR calculation, while well’s capacity and steam fraction were the most sensitive parameters from the technical aspect.