bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and molecular characteristics of COVID-19 patients with persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Sun Chaoyang , Fan Junpeng , Huang Jia , Guo Ensong , Fu Yu , Liu Si , Xiao Rourou , Liu Chen , Lu Funian , Qin Tianyu , He Chao , Wang Zizhuo , Qin Xu , Hu Dianxing , You Lixin , Li Xi , Wang Tian , Wu Peng , Chen Gang , Zhou Jianfeng , Li Kezhen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The clinical features, molecular characteristics, and immune responses of COVID-19 patients with persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection are not yet well described. In this study, we investigated the differences in clinical parameters, laboratory indexes, plasma cytokines, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses, which were assessed using single-cell RNA-sequencing in patients with non-critical COVID-19 with long durations (LDs) and short durations (SDs) of viral shedding. Our results revealed that clinical parameters and laboratory indexes, such as c-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer, were comparable between SDs and LDs. Most inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, such as IL-2, IL2R, TNFα/β, IL1β, and CCL5 were present at low levels in LDs. Our single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed a reconfiguration of the peripheral immune cell phenotype in LDs, including decreases in natural killer (NK) cells and CD14+ monocytes and an increase in regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, most cell subsets in LDs consistently exhibited reduced expression of ribosomal protein (RP) genes, indicating dysfunctions in cytokine/chemokine synthesis, folding, modification, and assembly. Accordingly, the negative correlation between the RP levels and viral shedding duration was validated in an independent cohort of bulk-RNA-sequencing data from 103 non-critical patients, which may help guide clinical management and resource allocation. Moreover, peripheral T and NK cells and memory B cells in LDs likely failed to activate, which contributed to the persistence of viral shedding.
Knowledge, attitude and practices associated with COVID-19 among health care workers: A cross-sectional study in India.
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Shivkumar , Kandasamy Sangeetha , Almohammed Omar A. , Abraham Bobby , Senthilkumar Monika 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: In India, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused phenomenal loss of lives and overburdened the health system. Low morale, fatigue and inadequate knowledge among health personnel are perceived threats to pandemic control. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) studies among HCWs can identify crucial knowledge gaps and gauge psychological impact. We aimed to assess the COVID-19 related current level of knowledge, attitude and practices among our HCWs.Methods: A cross-sectional, electronically distributed, questionnaire-based study was conducted among HCWs. The questionnaire identified participants’ demographics and the current KAP related to COVID-19. Descriptive statistics were used to present the participants’ demographics and Chi-square test to assess differences among the participants’ demographics based KAP. α < 0.05 was used for statistical significance. The association between the knowledge, attitude and practices was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient (r).Results: Of 1,429 total participants, 71.9% belonged to age group 21-40 years. Female workers constituted 61.5%. Only 40.2% received any infection control training and 62.7% relied upon single source of information update. However, 82.9% of participants had adequate knowledge. Being married, urban dwelling and higher qualification were associated with knowledge adequacy (p<0.001). Interestingly, senior HCWs (age 41-50 years) were least likely to have adequate knowledge (74.1%). 84.2% had positive attitude towards COVID. Notably, 83.8% feared providing care to COVID patient. 93% practised safety precautions correctly most of the times and training had no influence on practise. Positive correlation was recognized between adequate knowledge and positive attitude (r=0.26).Conclusion: More than 80% of HCWs in India had adequate knowledge, positive attitude and practiced safely most of the time. However pitfalls like poor training, knowledge uncertainties and fear of disease acquisition among HCWs need to be addressed. Adverse outcomes can be averted by structured training sessions and psychological support programs for HCWs.
The therapeutic effect and safety of the drugs for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qiu Rong , Li Jingwei , Xiao Yuxuan , Gao Ziyi , Weng Yihang , Zhang Qiran , Wang Chengdi , Gong Hanlin , Li Weimin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread almost all regions of the world and caused great loss to the whole body of mankind. Thus, numerous clinical trials were conducted to find specific medicine for COVID-19 recently. However, it remains unanswered whether they are beneficial. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of the COVID-19 medicine. Methods: Studies were determined through searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Medline. The clinical trials of COVID-19 medicine were involved with eligible end points containing mortality, discharge rate, rate of clinical improvement and rate of serious adverse events. The risk ratio (RR) was adopted for variables as effect magnitude with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the random‐effects model was adopted for analysis. Results: A total of eleven RCTs and eleven Non-RCTs involving 12,796 patients were included in our study, whose intervening measures contained three major types of COVID-19 medicine, ACEI/ARB, antiviral medicine and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine. Compared to control group, COVID-19 medicine has the obvious advantage in reducing discharge rate (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.29, p<0. 05) and clinical improvement rate (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.26, p<0. 05), no distinct effect on mortality (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.53-1.17, p=0. 24). In addition, the serious adverse events rate (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.88, p<0. 05) of COVID-19 medicine is lower than control group. Among different types of medicine, significant benefits in lowering the mortality seem to only occur in antiviral medicine. Conclusion: The results indicated antiviral medicine was potential drug of first choice recommended for COVID-19 treatment. Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine therapy was not recommended for COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the ACEI/ARB could be adopted for COVID-19 treatment when combined with standard treatment.
COVID-19 associated histoplasmosis in an AIDS patient
Authors: Basso Rossana Patricia , Poester Vanice Rodrigues , Benelli Jéssica Louise , Stevens David A. , Zogbi Heruza Einsfeld , Vasconcellos Izadora Clezar da S. , Pasqualotto Alessandro Comarú , Xavier Melissa Orzechowski 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Most reports associating fungal infections with Covid-19 have been cases of invasive aspergillosis. Here we report a case of severe histoplasmosis and Covid-19 infections in an HIV patient in Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Histoplasmosis must be included on the list of opportunist fungal co-infections in Covid-19 patients with AIDS, mainly in endemic areas.
Ligasure Hemorrhoidectomy: Updates on Complications After an 18-Year Experience
Authors: Rho Maurizio , Guida Andrea Martina , Materazzo Marco , Don Cristine Pathirannehalage , Gazia Carlo , Ivanikhin Anton Mariani , Tognoni Valeria , Venditti Dario 
Published: October 2020

Background::
Hemorrhoidal disease represents one of the most common anorectal disorders
in the general population. Energy devices, such as LigaSureTM scalpel, have reshaped the concept
of hemorrhoid surgery and in turn, have improved patient outcomes and simplified the work
of surgeon.

Objective::
The study aims to evaluate the outcomes of LigaSureTM hemorrhoidectomy (LH) analyzing
main post-operative complications rate, length of stay, operating time, and time to return to
work.

Methods::
In this monocentric descriptive study, from June 2001 to February 2019, 1454 consecutive
patients, treated with LH for grade III and IV hemorrhoids, were analyzed. Complications
were classified in early, late, and long-term if they occurred within 1 month, between 1 and 2
months or after 2 months, respectively.

Results::
90.2% of patients were treated in day surgery regimen and the mean operating time was
14.3 minutes. The post-operative pain decreased from 3.7 mean VAS on the 1st postoperative day
to 0.1 mean VAS on 30th post-operative day. Early complications rate was 2.1%: urinary retention
accounted for 1.8% of patients. 0.3%-of patients experienced postoperative bleeding and only one
required reoperation. Late complications rate was 5.8%: anal stenosis, incomplete healing, and anal
fissure were detected in 3.6%, 1.2%, and 1% of patients, respectively. The long term complications
rate was 5.3%: anal fistula, soiling, perianal abscess, and recurrence were identified in 0.2%, 0.1%,
0.3%, and 4.8% of patients, respectively.

Conclusion::
LH is a safe and fast procedure with a proven minimal complication rate.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Novel DTX-Loaded Multifunctional Heparin-Based Polymeric Micelles Targeting Folate Receptors and Endosomes
Authors: Kazemi Moloud , Emami Jaber , Hasanzadeh Farshid , Minaiyan Mohsen , Mirian Mina , Lavasanifar Afsaneh , Mokhtari Mojgan 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The development of biocompatible tumor-targeting delivery systems for
anticancer agents is essential for efficacious cancer chemotherapy. Nanoparticles, as drug delivery
cargoes for cancer therapy, are rapidly improving to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapeutic
agents. Heparin–modified nanoparticles are currently being considered as one of the
favorable carriers for the delivery of chemotherapeutics to cancer tissues.

Objective:
This study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a novel
targeted, pH-sensitive, heparin-based polymeric micelle loaded with the poorly water-soluble anticancer
drug, docetaxel (DTX). The micelles could overcome the limited water solubility, non-specific
distribution, and insufficient drug concentration in tumor tissues.

Methods:
DTX-loaded folate targeted micelles were prepared and evaluated for physicochemical
properties, drug release, in vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in folate receptor-positive and folate
receptor-negative cells. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of DTX-loaded micelles was evaluated
in the tumor-bearing mice. Some related patents were also studied in this research.

Results:
The heparin-based targeted micelles exhibited higher in vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity
against folate receptor over-expressed cells due to the specific receptor-mediated endocytosis.
DTX-loaded micelles displayed greater antitumor activity, higher anti-angiogenesis effects, and
lower systemic toxicity compared with free DTX in a tumor-induced mice model as confirmed by
tumor growth monitoring, immunohistochemical evaluation, and body weight shift. DTX-loaded
targeting micelles demonstrated no considerable toxicity on major organs of tumor-bearing mice
compared with free DTX.

Conclusion:
Our results indicated that DTX-loaded multifunctional heparin-based micelles with desirable
antitumor activity and low toxicity possess great potential as a targeted drug delivery system
in the treatment of cancer.
Role of Cadmium Addition in Promoting the Direct N2O Decomposition of Co3O4 Spinel
Authors: Abu-Zied B.M. , Soliman S.A. , Abdellah S.E. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Increased environmental protection concerns urge more effort to develop
new catalysts for the abetment of greenhouse gases. N2O is known as a powerful greenhouse gas.
The literature review revealed that various catalysts have been developed for the direct decomposition
of N2O. Special attention was given to the cobalt-based spinel oxides. However, there is a
lack of information about the performance of the cadmium promoted spinels for N2O abetment.

Objective:
This paper addresses the nitrous oxide direct decomposition over a novel series of Cd-
Co catalysts.

Method:
These catalysts, with Cd/(Cd + Co) ratios 0.00-0.333, were prepared with the aid of the
co-precipitation route, which is followed by calcination at 500 °C. Characterization of these catalysts
was performed employing TGA-DTA, XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption/desorption, and atomic absorption
spectrophotometry.

Results:
Phase analysis revealed the absence of a solid-state interaction between CdO and Co3O4.
However, it was found that increasing the Cd/(Cd + Co) ratio is associated with continuous enhancement
of the N2O decomposition activity. The activity was correlated with the presence of
catalyst’s redox couples. Moreover, the role of the Cd presence in improving the activity was discussed.
Finally, the activity performance change accompanying the calcination temperature raise
was also investigated.

Conclusions:
Presence of cadmium has a positive effect on the N2O decomposition performance
of Co3O4. Activity increased continuously with Cd/(Cd + Co) ratio increase over the examined
range 0.083–0.333 structural, textural, and electronic roles of cadmium were proposed.
Impact of Online Teaching on Students’ Education and Health in India during the Pandemic of COVID-19
Authors: Yadav Avadhesh Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Background:
India is facing a pandemic of ‘Coronavirus disease -2019’ (COVID-19). In the
absence of proper medicine and vaccine for the treatment of COVID-19, the Government of India has
imposed the country lockdown from 25 March 2020 to avoid chain/community transmission of
coronavirus in humans. Consequently, the educational institutes were also closed during the lockdown
period and traditional classroom teaching switched to online teaching in India to compensate for the
educational losses.

Aims:
This article aims to measure the impact of online teaching on education as well as the health of
the students.

Methodology:
The online survey was conducted on the students to measure the impact of online teaching
on their education and health. There are 792 valid responses obtained from the survey.

Result:
According to the survey, online teaching was equally important in all segments of education
during the period of a pandemic, but about 30 % of students are not satisfied with the delivery of content
through online teaching. The students below 14 years were getting addicted to mobiles and laptops and
consequently, they suffered from mental sickness and eye problems due to the screen effect.

Conclusion:
Online teaching has played a vital role during the pandemic, but its consequences can not
be ignored. The online classes can not be accessed by each student due to the unavailability of smartphones,
laptops and mobiles network to especially poor families and remote areas. This creates discrimination
among the students of poor and rich or urban and rural. The students below 14 years are not
aware of the screen effect and get addicted to mobile that causes mental and eye problems. Thus, online
teaching can not take the position of traditional classroom teaching for a long time and we will need to
get back to traditional teaching after a pandemic ends.
Nutritional Intervention for the Treatment and Prevention Against Novel Coronavirus-19
Authors: Wahab Abdul , Shah Fahad Hassan 
Published: October 2020

Introduction::
The ongoing pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2
(SARS COV-2) has jeopardized people’s health and the global economy. The infection caused by these
viruses inflicts immunosuppression and an unprecedented range of symptoms leading to mortality. At
this stage, there are no countermeasures or medicines to overcome rapid disease proliferation and aberrant
immunological response.

Objectives::
The study aims to determine different immunomodulatory therapeutics that could be potential
agents to alleviate viral and other lethal infections and possibly rejuvenate immunological and tissue
repair response against this disease.

Methods::
A review of the literature was performed by screening different scientific databases to procure
various immunomodulatory therapies for the treatment of SAR COV-2.

Results::
A comprehensive literature review indicated that different foods rich in vitamins (A-D), selenium
and iron can enhance immunological response against various deleterious infections, whereas different
nutritious drinks that include hydrogen-enriched water and green tea alleviate inflammation and
elicit wound healing properties. Black cumin seeds and Garlic have a myriad of biological activities due
to abundant bioactive phytochemicals that play an important role in the elimination of various bacterial
and viral infections.

Conclusion::
These foods/supplements are relatively safe to consume and possess high toxicity profile
and could be a potential nutritional intervention in order to create adequate immunity within a population
to fight against this prevailing infection.
Profile of Leptin Levels in Schizophrenic patients Receiving Antipsychotic Therapy in Prof. Dr. HB Saanin Hospital Padang
Authors: Hasni Dita , Sagala Indah Cahya Aminta , Anissa Mutiara , Eldrian Febianne 
Published: October 2020

Weight-gain is one of the antipsychotic side effects, and it can increase the risk factor of metabolic syndrome. Several studies relate it to increase leptin levels. This research was conducted to determine the profile of leptin levels in schizophrenic patients who were receiving antipsychotic therapy at Prof. DR. HB Saanin Mental Hospital. The research was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020 on schizophrenic patients who were taking antipsychotic drugs. This research was conducted on 50 samples by using consecutive sampling techniques. Data analysis using univariate are presented in geometric mean and CI 95%. Moreover, a Comparison of leptin levels between groups was performed by T-test and one-way ANOVA. The average leptin level from 50 samples of schizophrenic patients was 5.12Âµg/ml (CI 95%=3.32-7.90). The highest average leptin level is from the 46-55 year age group which is 11.32Âµg/ml (CI 95% =5.24 - 24.42), female isÂ 13.29Âµg/ml (CI 95%=5.84-30.26), BMI â‰¥30kg/m2Â is 12.84Âµg/ml (CI 95%=4.31-38.23), subjects with above-average waist circumference is 5.54Âµg/ml ( CI 95%=3.45-8.90), and the atypical group of drugs is 6.08Âµg/ml (IK 95%=3.41-10.84). Increasing levels of leptin occur in schizophrenic patients who were 46-55 y.o, female BMI â‰¥30kg/m2, above-average waist circumference, and receiving atypical antipsychotics.
ФАКТОР ІНТРАБДОМІНАЛЬНОЇ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ ПРИ ГЕРНІОПЛАСТИЦІ ВЕНТРАЛЬНИХ ГРИЖ
Authors: Лупальцов В. І. , Ягнюк А. І. 
Published: October 2020

Обґрунтування. Сучасні методики реконструкції черевної стінки, що ґрунтуються на розрізах апоневрозів прямих і косих м'язів живота в поєднанні з використанням поліпропіленових ендопротезів дозволяють значно збільшувати залишковий обсяг черевної порожнини, але повністю не знімають питання необхідності контролю рівня внутрішньочеревного тиску.
Матеріали. Проведено аналіз результатів лікування 35 хворих з післяопераційними вентральними грижами (ПВГ). Жінок було 22(62,9%), чоловіків -13(37,1%), середній вік становив 57,8±6,4 роки. Розміри грижових воріт за класифікацією European Hernia Society (2009) відповідали W2 8(22,9%), W3 -у 17(48,6%), W4- у 10(28,5%) пацієнтів.
Результати. Всім виконана комбінована герніопластика з використанням місцевих тканин і сітчастих поліпропіленових ендопротезів з фіксацію onlay. Перед зшиванням країв грижового дефекту з метою профілактики абдомінального компартмент-синдрому визначався внутрішньочеревний тиск (ВТ) за Kron I.L. et al.,1984. Зшивання вважали допустимим при значенні ВТ не більше 150 мм вод. ст., що було можливим у 12 хворих (W2-W3). У 15 пацієнтів (W3-W4) при ВТ вище зазначеного рівня проводилося додаткове розсічення переднього листка піхви прямих м'язів живота. Рівень ВТ після операції не залежав від його вихідного рівня і виду операції і коливався в межах 132,5-129,5±5,1-6,2 мм вод.ст. З метою контролю ранового процесу проведено УЗД післяопераційної рани. Відмічалася гіпоехогенна смужка між зшитими апоневротичними листками, яка при не ускладненому перебігу набувала гіперехогенності, що свідчило про активний процес утворення рубцевої тканини і зменшення інфільтративних процесів в рані.
Висновки. Дослідження показало, що інтраопераційний контроль ВТ при герніопластиці ПВГ знижає ризик розвитку абдомінального компартмент-синдрому.
ГЕМІКОЛЕКТОМІЯ ПРИ ОБСТРУКТИВНОМУ РАКУ ПРАВОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ОБОДОВОЇ КИШКИ
Authors: Русин В. І. , Чобей С. М. , Дутко О. О. 
Published: October 2020

Резюме. Мета дослідження. Для покращення результатів лікування хворих на обструктивний рак правих відділів товстої кишки розпрацювати та втілити в клінічну практику інвагінаційний ілео-трансверзоанастомоз.
Матеріали та методи. В хірургічному відділенні №2 КНП «Обласна клінічна лікарня ім. Андрія Новака» ЗОР у період 2015-2019рр. нами проліковано 94 хворих на обструктивний рак ободової кишки з приводу раку правих відділів товстої кишки. У 39 хворих виконана правобічна геміколектомія з двохрядним ілео-трансверзоанастомозом по типу «бік в бік», у 55 – по безконтактній ізолюючій методиці з інвагінаційним ілео-трансверзоанастомозом по типу «кінець в бік» в нашій модифікації.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. При правобічній геміколектомії з двохрядним ручним швом у 2 пацієнтів наступила неспроможність анастомозу. При формуванні інвагінаційного ілео-трансверзоанастомозу неспроможності анастомозу не було. На контрольній фіброколоноскопії інвагінаційна кукса здухвинної кишки вільно перистальтувала у просвіт поперечно-ободової кишки. На контрольній іригоскопії рефлюкс-ентериту не спостерігали. Таким чином можна стверджувати, що інвагінаційні ілео-трансверзоанастомози переймають на себе функцію ілеоцекального клапану. При визначенні меж резекції товстої кишки важливо враховувати локалізацію її анатомічних та функціональних сфінктерів. При формуванні анастомозів будь-яка перепона для нормального пересуванння кишкового вмісту може призвести до підвищення внутрішньокишкового тиску, що може зіграти роль в розвитку неспроможності анастомозу. При цьому інвагінаційний анастомоз може створюватись в любому відділі ободової кишки.
Висновки. Інвагінаційний однорядний ілео-трансверзоанастомоз надійно відновлює прохідність кишківника, перешкоджає розвитку рефлюкс-ентериту, технічно простий у виконанні і може бути рекомендованим до практичного використання при обструктивному раку ободової кишки.
Ключові слова: ілео-трансверзоанастомоз, рак товстої кишки, кишкова непрохідність, геміколектомія.