bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of age with healthcare needs and engagement among Nigerian men who have sex with men and transgender women: cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses from an observational cohort
Authors: Ramadhani Habib O , Crowell Trevor A , Nowak Rebecca G , Ndembi Nicaise , Kayode Blessing O , Kokogho Afoke , Ononaku Uchenna , Shoyemi Elizabeth , Ekeh Charles , Adebajo Sylvia , Baral Stefan D , Charurat Manhattan E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionYoung men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) face stigmas that hinder access to healthcare. The aim of the study was to understand age‐related determinants of healthcare needs and engagement among MSM and TGW.MethodsThe TRUST/RV368 cohort provides integrated prevention and treatment services for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) tailored to the needs of sexual and gender minorities. MSM and TGW aged ≥16 years in Abuja and ≥18 years Lagos, Nigeria, completed standardized behavioural questionnaires and were tested for HIV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) every three months for up to 18 months. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for associations of age and other factors with outcomes of interest upon enrolment, including HIV care continuum steps – HIV testing, ART initiation and viral suppression <1000 copies/mL. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for associations with incident infections.ResultsBetween March 2013 and February 2019, 2123 participants were enrolled with median age 23 (interquartile range 21 to 27) years. Of 1745 tested, 865 (49.6%) were living with HIV. HIV incidence was 11.6/100 person‐years [PY], including 23.1/100PY (95% CI 15.5 to 33.1) among participants aged 16 to 19 years and 23.8/100 PY (95% CI 13.6 to 39.1) among TGW. Compared to participants aged ≥25 years, those aged 16 to 19 years had decreased odds of prior HIV testing (aOR 0.40 [95% CI 0.11 to 0.92]), disclosing same‐sex sexual practices to healthcare workers (aOR 0.53 [95% CI 0.36 to 0.77]) and receiving HIV prevention information (aOR 0.60 [95% CI 0.41 to 0.87]). They had increased odds of avoiding healthcare (aOR 1.94 [95% CI 1.3 to 2.83]) and engaging in transactional sex (aOR 2.76 [95% CI 1.92 to 3.71]). Age 16 to 19 years was independently associated with increased incidence of HIV (aHR 4.09 [95% CI 2.33 to 7.49]), NG (aHR 3.91 [95% CI 1.90 to 8.11]) and CT (aHR 2.74 [95% CI 1.48 to 5.81]).ConclusionsYoung MSM and TGW demonstrated decreased healthcare engagement and higher incidence of HIV and other STIs as compared to older participants in this Nigerian cohort. Interventions to address unique obstacles to healthcare engagement by adolescents and young adults are needed to curb the spread of HIV and other STIs among MSM and TGW in Nigeria.
Two cases of carbonic anhydrase VA deficiency—An ultrarare metabolic decompensation syndrome presenting with hyperammonemia, lactic acidosis, ketonuria, and good clinical outcome
Authors: Marwaha Ashish , Ibrahim Judy , Rice Taylor , Hamwi Nadia , Rupar Charles Anthony , Cresswell David , Prasad Chitra , Schulze Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe combination of neonatal hyperammonemia, lactic acidosis, ketonuria, and hypoglycemia is pathognomonic for carbonic anhydrase VA (CA‐VA) deficiency. We present two cases of this rare inborn error of metabolism. Both newborns with South Asian ancestry presented with a metabolic decompensation characterized by hyperammonemia, lactic acidosis and ketonuria; one also had hypoglycemia. Standard metabolic investigations (plasma amino acids, acylcarnitine profile, and urine organic acids) were not indicative of a specific organic aciduria or fatty acid oxidation defect but had some overlapping features with a urea cycle disorder (elevated glutamine, orotic acid, and low arginine). Hyperammonemia was treated initially with nitrogen scavenger therapy and carglumic acid. One patient required hemodialysis. Both have had a favorable long‐term prognosis after their initial metabolic decompensation. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of carbonic anhydrase VA (CA‐VA) deficiency due to biallelic pathogenic variants in CA5A. These cases are in line with 15 cases previously described in the literature, making the phenotypic presentation pathognomonic for this ultrarare (potentially underdiagnosed) inborn error of metabolism with a good prognosis.
Evaluating the robustness of snow climate indicators using a unique set of parallel snow measurement series
Authors: Buchmann Moritz , Begert Michael , Brönnimann Stefan , Marty Christoph 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSnow on the ground is an important climate variable which is normally measured either as snow depth or height of new snow. Like any other meteorological variable, manually measured snow is prone to local influences, changes in the environment or procedure of the measurements. In order to investigate the robustness of snow measurement series towards such non‐climatic changes, a unique set of parallel manual snow measurements over 25 years from 23 station pairs between 490 and 1800 m a.s.l. was compiled. A sensitivity analysis based on typical snow climate indicators (e.g., mean snow depth, sum of new snow) from these parallel time series was carried out to find the most robust snow climate indicators for climatological analyses. Results show that there are only small differences in the sensitivity of the various snow climate indicators with regards to local changes. However, the indicators number of days with snow on the ground as well as the maximum snow depth are least affected by local influences and changes at station level. Median values of all station pairs reveal relative differences of about 7% for the number of days with snow cover and 11–16% for all other indicators. However, in extreme cases, the deviations within a single station pair can reach 25–40%.
Clinical and volumetric analysis of peri‐implant soft tissue augmentation using an acellular dermal matrix: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Papi Piero , Penna Diego , Di Murro Bianca , Pompa Giorgio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of keratinized mucosa in promoting peri‐implant health is controversial, however recent evidence support the use of soft tissue augmentation procedures around dental implants. Soft tissue substitutes have been proposed to replace autogenous connective tissue grafts, therefore the aims of this study are to report clinical and volumetric three‐dimensional changes in mucosal thickness (MT) 1 year after treatment with an acellular dermal matrix (ADM).MethodsSoft tissue augmentation was performed at second‐stage surgery in the premolar maxillary area with an ADM. MT was assessed prior to implant placement and 1, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Digital linear and volumetric measurements were recorded at baseline and after 1 and 12 months. Furthermore, clinical parameters (Probing Pocket Depths, Bleeding On Probing, Plaque Index) and marginal bone loss were also recorded. Esthetic outcomes of treatment were evaluated objectively using the Pink Esthetic Score and through patient reported outcomes.ResultsTwelve patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Post‐hoc analysis of the assessments with Tukey's honestly significant difference adjustment revealed that the MT had increased significantly from baseline to 1 month (P < 0.001), 6 months (P < 0.001) and 12 months (P < 0.001), and remained stable between 6 months and 12 months (P > 0.05). Based on the volumetric evaluation, a shrinkage of 23.31% occurred from 1 month to 12 months (P > 0.05).ConclusionsA significant increase in MT was reported after 1 year, with a mean gain of 1.25 mm. Soft tissues were stable, with no statistically significant differences between 6 months and 1 year.
Novel powder electroluminescent device enabling control of emission color by thermal response
Authors: Tsuneyasu Shota , Takeda Naoki , Satoh Toshifumi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe demonstrated the emission of multicolored light from a powder electroluminescent device using a thermochromic material through temperature control. At 20°C, the emission of a sapphire blue light was observed. Upon increasing the temperature, the color of the thermochromic materials changed, leading to sky‐blue emission.
Destination image perception patterns of tourist typologies
Authors: Ceylan Demet , Çizel Beykan , Karakaş Hatice 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConceptual and empirical typologies comprising the intersection of personal and social characteristics of tourists have similarities and differences with respect to image perception of a destination. This study examines characteristics that distinguish tourist typologies formed by the intersection of the all‐inclusive holiday experience and destination familiarity. Multiple correspondence analysis reveals differences in clusters in terms of attitudes and demographic factors influencing destination image of tourist typologies. This study aims to present patterns of tourist typologies' image perception for tourist typologies based on empirical data. Based on the findings of this study, practitioners of tourism may divert or channel their marketing efforts to well‐defined target segments.
Sex‐Specific Elk Resource Selection during the Anthrax Risk Period
Authors: Yang Anni , Proffitt Kelly M. , Asher Valpa , Ryan Sadie J. , Blackburn Jason K. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAnthrax, caused by the spore‐forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is a zoonosis affecting animals and humans globally. In the United States, anthrax outbreaks occur in wildlife and livestock, with frequent outbreaks in native and exotic wildlife species in Texas, livestock outbreaks in the Dakotas, and sporadic mixed outbreaks in Montana. Understanding where pathogen and host habitat selection overlap is essential for anthrax management. Resource selection and habitat use of ungulates may be sex‐specific and lead to differential anthrax exposure risks across the landscape for males and females. We evaluated female elk (Cervus canadensis) resource selection in the same study areas as male elk in a previous anthrax risk study to identify risk of anthrax transmission to females and compare transmission risk between females and males. We developed a generalized linear mixed‐effect model to estimate resource selection for female elk in southwest Montana during the June to August anthrax transmission risk period. We then predicted habitat selection of female and male elk across the study area and compared selection with the distribution of anthrax risk to identify spatial distributions of potential anthrax exposure for the male and female elk. Female and male elk selected different resources during the anthrax risk period, which resulted in different anthrax exposure areas for females and males. The sex‐specific resource selection and habitat use could infer different areas of risk for anthrax transmission, which can improve anthrax and wildlife management and have important public health and economic implications. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
An Investigation of Factors Influencing Bear Spray Performance
Authors: Smith Tom S. , Wilder James M. , York Geoffrey , Obbard Martyn E. , Billings Blake W. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTSeveral studies have documented the effectiveness of bear spray in protecting users from aggressive bears. Bear spray failures, however, have also been reported along with speculation regarding the influences of temperature, wind, repeated canister use, and canister age on spray efficacy. We designed lab and field experiments to document the influence that temperature, wind, repeated discharges from the same canister, and canister age have on bear spray performance. To determine the influence of temperature on spray performance, we recorded canister head pressures at temperatures ranging from −23°C to 25°C and found a strong, positive linear relationship. Even at the lowest temperature tested (−23°C), bear spray had a range >4 m, though the plume was narrow and the spray was not well aerosolized. As canister temperature increased, head pressure, plume distance, and dispersion increased. We used computational fluid dynamics modeling and simulated the effect that headwinds, crosswinds, and tailwinds of varying speeds had on spray performance. Even under high headwind and crosswind scenarios (>10 m/sec), sprays reached targets that were approximately 2 m directly in front of the user. Crosswinds affected spray plume distance similar to headwinds, but the effect was not as pronounced. Tailwinds improved spray performance with respect to speed and distance. By weighing unused canisters ≤18 years old, brands tested lost weight ranging from 0.65 g/year to 1.92 g/year, presumably because of propellant that escaped canister seals. We also documented that bear spray head pressure declines in a logarithmic, not linear, fashion; over half of a new (7‐sec spray time) canister's pressure was lost in the first 1 second of spray. We recommend not test‐firing cans, keeping cans warm when in the cold, and retiring them when ≥4 years of age. Our results provide no compelling reason to not carry bear spray in all areas where bears occur, even if it is windy or cold. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Embolization of Internal Carotid Artery Branches in Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Authors: Gargula Stéphane , Saint‐Maurice Jean‐Pierre , Labeyrie Marc‐Antoine , Eliezer Michael , Jourdaine Clément , Kania Romain , Wassef Michel , Adle‐Biassette Homa , Houdart Emmanuel , Herman Philippe , Verillaud Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivePreoperative embolization of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is usually performed by the occlusion of branches of the external carotid artery (ECA). However, a significant proportion of JNAs also receive blood from the internal carotid artery (ICA). The objective of this study was to report on the feasibility and clinical impact of superselective embolization of ICA branches in complex cases of JNA.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study of all patients operated on for JNA between 2000 and 2018. The patients treated with embolization of branches of the ICA were identified. The results in terms of complications, intraoperative blood loss, and rate of residual disease were analyzed and compared to those of a control group of patients treated only with embolization of ECA branches and matched by age, stage, angiographic pattern, surgical approach, and previous surgery.ResultsNinety‐two patients were included. Embolization of branches of the ICA was attempted in 14 cases of advanced or recurrent tumors and was ultimately possible in nine cases. There were no complications after embolization. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 1428 mL. Residual disease was found in three cases (33%). There was no significant difference compared with the control group (mean intraoperative blood loss = 1355 mL, residual disease = 4 (44%); all P > .05).ConclusionIn this retrospective study, we report the feasibility of superselective embolization of ICA branches in selected cases of JNA. There was no observed benefit of this technique in terms of intraoperative bleeding or decreased risk of residual disease.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E775–E780, 2021
Efficacy of Ultrasound‐Guided Needle Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Kikuchi‐Fujimoto Disease
Authors: Park Sang Gyu , Koo Hye Ryoung , Jang Kiseok , Myung Jae Kyung , Song Chang Myeon , Ji Yong Bae , Park Jeong Seon , Tae Kyung 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisUltrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (US‐FNAC) is a well‐established procedure performed to establish the diagnosis of Kikuchi‐Fujimoto disease (KFD). Ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy (US‐CNB) is an alternative diagnostic tool for KFD. However, the efficacy of US‐CNB is not well evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of US‐CNB and compare it with that of US‐FNAC in the diagnosis of KFD.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsWe analyzed 170 patients who were diagnosed with KFD between January 2009 and May 2019. US‐FNAC, US‐CNB, and excisional biopsy were performed in 47, 114, and 9 patients, respectively. Diagnostic accuracies of US‐FNAC and US‐CNB were analyzed and compared.ResultsOf the 170 patients, 45 and 125 were men and women, respectively. The mean age was 26.9 ± 9.1 years. The most common symptom was cervical lymphadenopathy, followed by fever, headache, and myalgia. The diagnosis of KFD was established primarily by US‐FNAC in 21 (44.7%) of the 47 patients, by US‐CNB in 109 (95.6%) of the 114 patients, and by excisional biopsy in all 9 patients. There was no specific major complication related to US‐FNAC and US‐CNB.ConclusionUS‐CNB can be considered safe and effective and used as the primary modality for the pathological diagnosis of KFD.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 131:E1519–E1523, 2021
Remarks on Gitik's model and symmetric extensions on products of the Lévy collapse
Authors: Banerjee Amitayu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe improve on results and constructions by Apter, Dimitriou, Gitik, Hayut, Karagila, and Koepke concerning large cardinals, ultrafilters, and cofinalities without the axiom of choice. In particular, we show the consistency of the following statements from certain assumptions: the first supercompact cardinal can be the first uncountable regular cardinal, all successors of regular cardinals are Ramsey, every sequence of stationary sets in is mutually stationary, an infinitary Chang conjecture holds for the cardinals , and all are singular. In each of the cases, our results either weaken the hypotheses or strengthen the conclusions of known proofs.
Highly Strong and Transparent Ionic Conductive Hydrogel as Multifunctional Sensors
Authors: Yu Jie , Dang Chao , Liu Hongchen , Wang Ming , Feng Xiao , Zhang Cunzhi , Kang Jian , Qi Haisong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIonic conductive hydrogels as promising materials have become focus of artificial soft tissue or soft stretchable electronic devices. Especially, the next‐generation flexible electronics greatly require achieving multifunction simultaneously. Herein, a transparent hydrogel with high mechanical properties (1.73 MPa for mechanical stress, 630% for mechanical strain) and excellent ionic conductivity is fabricated based on a fully physical cross‐linked network. The stiff long polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains as a skeleton to form a “hard” network and the short polyacrylic acid (PAA) chains regard as the “soft” network. Moreover, the biomaterial β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) as physical cross‐linkers is used in the “hard–soft” hybrid networks. The construction of “soft and hard” structure is successful to integrate the good transparency, remarkable mechanical properties, and outstanding sensitivity (strain, pressure, pH, and organic solvent) together for assembling multiple sensors, which hold a promising practical development value in the domain of soft wearable electronics and sensing materials in the future.
One‐Step Multicomponent Polymerizations for the Synthesis of Multifunctional AIE Polymers
Authors: Su Xiang , Gao Qingqing , Wang Dong , Han Ting , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs a new class of functional luminescent materials, polymers with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) feature attract much attention because of their advantages of efficient solid‐state fluorescence, excellent processability, structural diversity, and multifunctionalities. Among all polymerization methods toward AIE polymers, multicomponent polymerizations (MCPs) exhibit the merits of simple operation, good atom economy, high polymerization efficiency, broad functional‐group tolerance, etc. In this feature article, the recent progress on the development of one‐step MCPs for the synthesis of AIE polymers is highlighted. The representative functionalities of the resulting AIE polymers are illustrated. Perspectives on the challenges and future development directions of this field are also discussed.
Influence of heated forming tools on corrosion behavior of high strength aluminum alloys
Authors: Heider B. , Scharifi E. , Engler T. , Oechsner M. , Steinhoff K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study forming tools temperated at 24 °C and 350 °C were used to systematically investigate the influence of different cooling rates on the mechanical and corrosion properties of a high strength aluminum alloy AA7075 within a novel thermo‐mechanical process that combines forming and quenching simultaneously. The samples formed within heated tools reveal higher ductility and lower material strength compared to the parts processed in cold tools. In addition, the corrosion behavior changed between samples formed with 24 °C forming tools and 350 °C forming tools, respectively. Through cyclic polarization in chloride containing aqueous media a change in the hysteresis and shift of open circuit potential was observed. Metallographic investigation revealed that there was also a very different corrosion morphology for the samples formed within the heated tools. No change in average grain size could be detected but changes of the microstructure in subgrain scale that occur during the forming within the heated tools are responsible for this effect. In further research, the effect of various cooling rates on mechanical and corrosion behavior and the microstructure will be investigated by variation of the forming tool temperature.
Comparison of Patient and Expert Perceptions of the Attainment of Research Milestones in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kane Patrick Bodilly , Benjamin Daniel M. , Barker Roger A. , Lang Anthony E. , Sherer Todd , Kimmelman Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundCommentators suggest that patients have unrealistic expectations about the pace of research advances and that such expectations interfere with patient decision‐making.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare expert expectations about the timing of research milestone attainment with those of patients who follow Parkinson's disease (PD) research.MethodsPatients with PD and experts were asked to provide forecasts about 11 milestones in PD research in an online survey. PD experts were identified from a Michael J. Fox Foundation database, highly ranked neurology centers in the United States and Canada, and corresponding authors of articles on PD in top medical journals. Patients with PD were recruited through the Michael J. Fox Foundation. We tested whether patient forecasts differed on average from expert forecasts. We also tested whether differences between patient forecasts and the average expert forecasts were associated with any demographic factors.ResultsA total of 256 patients and 249 PD experts completed the survey. For 9 of the 11 milestones, patients' forecasts were on average higher than those of experts. Only exercise therapy met our 10% difference threshold for practical significance. Education was the only demographic that predicted patient deviations from expert forecasts on milestone forecasts. Patients offered significantly higher forecasts than experts that the clinical trials used in milestone queries would report positive primary outcomes.ConclusionsDifferences between patient and expert expectations about research milestones were generally minor, suggesting that there is little cause for concern that patients who follow PD research are unduly swayed by inaccurate representations of research advancement in the media or elsewhere. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society