bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feeling the rules: Historical and contemporary perspectives on emotional norms and social distinction
Authors: Cummins Stephen Thomas , Pahl Kerstin Maria 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Feeling rules are norms surrounding emotions, particularly emotional expressions in social contexts, and are a well-known aspect of human societies in both the past and present. As a subdiscipline, the history of emotions has found great profit in tracking changing feeling rules over time to better understand social formations. Emotional norms are culturally, geographically, and socially specific, providing coherence to communities or serving as instruments of distinction within them. Yet some historians have found a sole focus on the normative insufficient for grasping, in their entirety, the historical aspects of emotions and their specific functions. This special issue suggests some new ways to think about escaping the dualism of emotional norms and emotional experiences – or, put more broadly, of structure and subjectivity – without privileging either as the determining factor in shaping social relations. To show the interrelations between rules and experiences, we draw from sociological work on taste and social distinction, arguing that emotions become socially potent and drivers of historical change by being both means and objects of value judgments. This introduction provides an overview of feelings rules and emotional norms in the history of emotions, connects these to work in the sociology of taste, and introduces the case studies in the special issue.
Acquired resistance to PD-L1 inhibition enhances a type I IFN-regulated secretory program in tumors
Authors: Shi Yuhao , McKenery Amber , Dolan Melissa , Mastri Michalis , Hill James W , Dommer Adam , Benzekry Sebastien , Long Mark , Abrams Scott I , Puzanov Igor , Ebos John M L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Therapeutic inhibition of programmed cell death ligand (PD-L1) is linked to alterations in interferon (IFN) signaling. Since IFN-regulated intracellular signaling can control extracellular secretory programs in tumors to modulate immunity, we examined IFN-related secretory changes in tumor cells following resistance to PD-L1 inhibition. Here we report an anti-PD-L1 treatment-induced secretome (PTIS) in tumor models of acquired resistance that is regulated by type I IFNs. These secretory changes can suppress activation of T cells ex vivo while diminishing tumor cell cytotoxicity, revealing that tumor-intrinsic treatment adaptations can exert broad tumor-extrinsic effects. When reimplanted in vivo, resistant tumor growth can slow or stop when PTIS components are disrupted individually, or when type I IFN signaling machinery is blocked. Interestingly, genetic and therapeutic disruption of PD-L1 in vitro can only partially recapitulate the PTIS phenotype highlighting the importance of developing in vivo-based resistance models to more faithfully mimic clinically-relevant treatment failure. Together, this study shows acquired resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors ‘rewires’ tumor secretory programs controlled by type I IFNs that, in turn, can protect from immune cell attack.
Investigating numerical stability by scaling heat conduction in a 1D hydrodynamic model of the solar atmosphere
Authors: Pandey Vartika , Bourdin Philippe-A. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Numerical models of the solar atmosphere are widely used in solar research and provide insights into unsolved problems such as the heating of coronal loops. A prerequisite for such simulations is an initial condition for the plasma temperature and density. Many explicit numerical schemes employ high-order derivatives that require some diffusion, for example isotropic diffusion, for each independent variable to maintain numerical stability. Otherwise, significant numerical inaccuracies and subsequent wiggles will occur and grow at steep temperature gradients in the solar transition region.
Aims. We tested how to adapt the isotropic heat conduction to the grid resolution so that the model is capable of resolving varying temperature gradients. Our ultimate goal is to construct an atmospheric stratification that can serve as an initial condition for multi-dimensional models.
Methods. Our temperature stratification spans from the solar interior to the outer corona. From that, we computed the hydrostatic density stratification. Since numerical and analytical derivatives are not identical, the model needs to settle to a numerical equilibrium to fit all model parameters, such as mass diffusion and radiative losses. To compensate for energy losses in the corona, we implemented an artificial heating function that mimics the expected heat input from the 3D field-line braiding mechanism.
Results. Our heating function maintains and stabilises the obtained coronal temperature stratification. However, the diffusivity parameters need to be adapted to the grid spacing. Unexpectedly, we find that higher grid resolutions may need larger diffusivities – contrary to the common understanding that high-resolution models are automatically more realistic and would need less diffusivity.
Conclusions. Smaller grid spacing causes larger temperature gradients in the solar transition region and hence a greater potential for numerical problems. We conclude that isotropic heat conduction is an efficient remedy when using explicit schemes with high-order numerical derivatives.
PolyCLEAN: Atomic optimization for super-resolution imaging and uncertainty estimation in radio interferometry
Authors: Jarret Adrian , Kashani Sepand , Rué-Queralt Joan , Hurley Paul , Fageot Julien , Simeoni Matthieu 
Published: December 2024

Context. Imaging in radio interferometry requires solving an ill-posed noisy inverse problem, for which the most adopted algorithm is the original CLEAN algorithm and its variants. Alternative explicit optimization methods have gained increasing attention, as they demonstrate excellent reconstruction quality thanks to their ability to enforce Bayesian priors. Nowadays, the main limitation to their adoption is run-time speed. Additionally, uncertainty quantification is difficult for both CLEAN and convex optimization techniques.
Aims. We address two issues for the adoption of convex optimization in radio interferometric imaging. First, we propose a method for a fine resolution setup, which scales naturally in terms of memory usage and reconstruction speed. Second, we develop a new tool to localize a region of uncertainty, paving the way for quantitative imaging in radio interferometry.
Methods. The classical ℓ1 penalty is used to turn the inverse problem into a sparsity-promoting optimization. For efficient implementation, the so-called Frank-Wolfe algorithm is used together with a polyatomic refinement. The algorithm naturally produces sparse images at each iteration, leveraged to reduce memory and computational requirements. In that regard, PolyCLEAN reproduces the numerical behavior of CLEAN, while guaranteeing that it solves the minimization problem of interest. Additionally, we introduce the concept of the dual certificate image, which appears as a numerical byproduct of the Frank-Wolfe algorithm. This image is proposed as a tool for uncertainty quantification on the location of the recovered sources.
Results. PolyCLEAN demonstrates good scalability performance, in particular for fine-resolution grids. On simulations, the Pythonbased implementation is competitive with the fast numerically-optimized CLEAN solver. This acceleration does not affect image reconstruction quality: PolyCLEAN images are consistent with CLEAN-obtained ones for both point sources and diffuse emission recovery. We also highlight PolyCLEAN reconstruction capabilities on observed radio measurements.
Conclusions. PolyCLEAN can be considered as an alternative to CLEAN in the radio interferometric imaging pipeline, as it enables the use of Bayesian priors without impacting the scalability and numerical performance of the imaging method.
Update on Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism in Children
Authors: Kasteler Rahel , Albisetti Manuela , Bosch Alessandra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChildren with cancer have an increased risk for venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) compared to the healthy pediatric population. VTE rates in children with cancer vary among cancer types. Other VTE risk factors include central venous catheters and cancer therapies. VTE diagnosis relies on objective radiological imaging, and management to this date typically involves anticoagulant therapy. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are the most common choice. Evidence for primary VTE prevention is conflicting, and antithrombin replacement, LMWH, or apixaban have been studied. Recently, direct oral anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban or dabigatran were investigated for VTE treatment, showing promise in efficacy and safety. However, bleeding risks in this population need careful consideration, especially periprocedurally or with treatment-related thrombocytopenia. Prediction tools for VTE require adaptation for pediatric cancer patients. Progress in understanding and managing VTE in children with cancer is significant, with ongoing trials and real-world data contributing to improved strategies.
Impact of Thrombophilia Testing on Clinical Management: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: McRae Hannah L. , Müller Jens , Rühl Heiko , Pötzsch Bernd 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThrombophilia management is based on the personal and family history of thrombosis. Current guidelines recommend performing thrombophilia testing only when the results will change clinical management. To investigate to what extent treatment recommendations changed following thrombophilia testing, clinical and laboratory data of 255 patients with and without venous thromboembolism who underwent thrombophilia screening were assessed retrospectively. A local score based on clinical indicators for thrombophilia was used to assess the pretest probability of thrombophilia. A total of 144 patients (57.6%) were found to have a clear thrombophilic phenotype, of which 78 were predicted to have definite thrombophilia and considered for indefinite anticoagulation; 66 were likely to have thrombophilia and were considered for indefinite or prolonged anticoagulation. Eighty-three (32.5%) could not be clearly classified and 28 (11%) were asymptomatic. A thrombophilic risk factor was diagnosed in 98 (38.4%) patients; this included 64 of 144 (44.5%) patients with a clear thrombophilic phenotype and 26 of 83 (31.3%) patients who could not be easily classified. Treatment recommendations changed in 57 of 255 (22%) patients following thrombophilia testing. Eight patients were switched from direct oral anticoagulants to vitamin K antagonists due to confirmed triple-positive antiphospholipid syndrome. In 49 patients, the anticoagulant dose was either increased (n = 3) or treatment was prolonged (n = 46) following diagnosis of high-risk thrombophilia. Clinically, assessing thrombophilia probability score before thrombophilia testing improves thrombophilia management recommendations.
Quality of Life and Related Factors in Patients Diagnosed with
Mucopolysaccharidosis and Their Caregivers
Authors: Yekedüz Merve Koç , Cilesiz Kubra , Kara İlknur Sürücü , İnci Aslı , Kose Engin , Tümer Leyla , Eminoğlu Fatma Tuba 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives Quality of life (QoL) is directly associated with
physical-psychological well-being, family and environmental factors in patients
with Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). The present study aims to investigate the
factors affecting QoL in both MPS patients and their caregivers.
Methods The sociodemographic characteristics, clinical findings, and
special needs of 37 patients with MPS were questioned, among which 28 pediatric
patients were evaluated for QoL using the KINDL-parents scale. The World Health
Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHO-QoL-BREF) was used to assess the
QoL of 37 caregivers of patients.
Results The patients with MPS type III had the lowest median score in the
self-esteem domain among the other types. The patients undergoing enzyme
replacement therapy scored high in the friends domain, while the
physical-psychological/emotional domain scores of the patients with sleep
disturbance and their parents were lower than those without. Patients with
appetite/eating problems scored low in the self-esteem domain and their
caregivers scored low in the social relationship domain. The
psychological/emotional domain scores of the patients who needed special
education and their parents were lower than those who did not. Total scores and
KINDL disease domain scores were decreased in those receiving psychiatric
medical treatment.
Conclusions In this study, the aim was to simultaneously assess the
quality of life of MPS patients and their parents. Sleep disturbances, appetite
problems, special education, and psychiatric treatment negatively impacted
QoL.
Oral Conditions, Salivary pH, Flow Rate, Phosphate Level, and Phosphorus Intake of Pre- and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Tjahajawati Sri , Rafisa Anggun , Aldrin Namira Vahra Khairunnisa , Pramesti Hening Tjaturina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate salivary parameters, including pH, flow rate, phosphate levels, and phosphorus intake, to explore potential variations between postmenopausal and premenopausal women.
Material and Methods This study included 68 postmenopausal and 94 premenopausal women. Inclusion criteria comprised women aged 45 to 65 years with a minimum menopausal duration of 2 years and women aged 21 to 40 years for premenopausal participants. Exclusion criteria involved systemic diseases and any dental treatments received in the last 6 months. Direct observation facilitated the visual detection of intraoral inflammation, ulcers, plaque, calculus, dental mobility, and caries. A questionnaire covering demographic data, dental pain, xerostomia, burning sensation, ulcer etiology and duration, and gingival bleeding etiology was administered. Phosphorus intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Unstimulated whole saliva, collected by spitting, was analyzed for various salivary parameters, such as pH, flow rate, and phosphate level. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine subjects' salivary phosphate level.
Statistical Analysis The difference in intraoral conditions between groups was analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. For the comparison of salivary parameters and phosphorus intake between study groups, the ANOVA: univariate general linear model was utilized. The correlation between salivary phosphate levels and age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and phosphorus intake was examined using Spearman's rank correlation.
Results The postmenopausal group demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence (p < 0.005) of gingival swelling, gingival discoloration, gingival recession, plaque, calculus, caries, tooth mobility, xerostomia, and burning sensation. Following adjustments for age, BMI, and blood pressure, a statistically significant difference in salivary flow rate between groups was observed (p = 0.008). No significant differences were found in salivary pH (p = 0.764), salivary phosphate level (p = 0.142), or phosphorus intake (p = 0.323) between the two groups. There was no significant correlation between salivary phosphate levels and age (p = 0.747), BMI (p = 0.308), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.747), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.622), and phosphorus intake (0.829) in both groups.
Conclusion Postmenopausal women exhibited a lower salivary flow rate compared with premenopausal women. No differences or correlations were observed in salivary phosphate level and phosphorus intake between the two groups.
Biomechanical Evaluation of a Femoral Implant for Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty in Dogs: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Perez Neto Daniel M.G. , Muzzi Leonardo A.L. , Santos Fábio L. , Muzzi Ruthnea A.L. , Kawamoto Fernando Y.K. , Mesquita Luciane R. , Minto Bruno W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to assess the stability of the femoral component of a hip resurfacing arthroplasty prosthesis in canine cadaveric bone using a biomechanical test.
Study Design Twenty adult dog cadavers were utilized, from which both femoral bones were extracted and preserved for experimentation. For each pair of femurs from the same animal, one femur underwent implantation of the hip resurfacing arthroplasty prosthesis, while the contralateral femur remained intact. All femoral specimens underwent flexo-compression biomechanical testing, with variables including maximum load (ML), load at collapse (LC), displacement at maximum load (DML), displacement at collapse (DC), and stiffness (k) being analysed. Subsequent to the biomechanical evaluation, the femoral specimens were radiographed to assess failure behaviour.
Results The prosthesis group showed a reduction of 22% (p ≤ 0.050) for the ML variable and 27% (p ≤ 0.05) for LC values. The prosthetic group supported a mean ML equivalent to six times the body weight of the animals whose bones were tested. No significant disparities were detected between the groups for the other analysed variables (DML, DC, and k). Similar failure patterns, such as fractures in the femoral neck region, were observed in specimens from both groups.
Conclusion The hip resurfacing arthroplasty prosthesis demonstrated biomechanical performance with no differences in DML, DC, and k but showed inferior performance in ML and LC when compared with intact femurs in the ex vivo setting.
Pulley and block with massive rope, sliding friction, and fluid drag
Authors: Lipscombe Trevor C , Mungan Carl E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Newton’s second laws for translations and rotations are combined to describe the motion of a box sliding down an inclined plane that is tethered by a rope having a uniform linear mass density to a pulley. In addition, the box is subject to quadratic drag from the surrounding gas or liquid through which it moves. A variety of special cases are treated, including an anchor and chain dropped vertically into water, an untethered box descending a ramp in the presence of kinetic friction and air resistance, and a drag-free Atwood-type machine having a massive rope and pulley connected to a single block sliding along a rough incline. The purpose of the article is pedagogical, demonstrating how to apply Newton’s second law to these kinds of variable-mass problems involving both rotations and translations. The level of presentation is suitable for an introductory calculus-based course in physics.
Coherence effects in LIPSS formation on silicon wafers upon picosecond laser pulse irradiations
Authors: Mirza Inam , Sládek Juraj , Levy Yoann , Bulgakov Alexander V , Dimitriou Vasilis , Papadaki Helen , Kaselouris Evaggelos , Gečys Paulius , Račiukaitis Gediminas , Bulgakova Nadezhda M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Using different laser irradiation patterns to modify the silicon surface, it has been demonstrated that, at rather small overlapping between irradiation spots, highly regular laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) can be produced already starting from the second laser pulse, provided that polarization direction coincides with the scanning direction. If the laser irradiation spot is shifted from the previous one perpendicular to light polarization, LIPSS are not formed even after many pulses. This coherence effect is explained by a three-wave interference, involving surface electromagnetic waves (SEWs) generated within the irradiated spot, SEWs scattered from the crater edge formed by the previous laser pulse, and the incoming laser pulse, that provides conditions for amplification of the periodic light-absorption pattern. To study possible consequences of SEW scattering from the laser-modified regions, where the refractive index can change due to material melting, amorphization, and the residual stress formed by previous laser pulses, hydrodynamic modelling and simulations have been performed within the melting regime. The simulations show that stress and vertical displacement could be amplified upon laser scanning. Both mechanisms, three-wave interference and stress accumulation, could enable an additional degree of controlling surface structuring.
Engineering skyrmion from spin spiral in transition metal multilayers
Authors: Sadhukhan Banasree 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Skyrmions having topologically protected field configurations with particle-like properties play an important role in various fields of science. Our present study focus on the generation of skyrmion from spin spiral in the magnetic multilayers of 4d/Fe/Ir(111) with 4d = Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh. Here we investigate the impact of 4d transition metals on the isotropic Heisenberg exchanges and anti-symmetric Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions originating from the broken inversion symmetry at the interface of 4d/Fe/Ir(111) multilayers. We find a strong exchange frustration due to the hybridization of the Fe-3d layer with both 4d and Ir-5d layers which modifies due to band filling effects of the 4d transition metals. We strengthen the analysis of exchange frustration by shedding light on the orbital decomposition of isotropic exchange interactions of Fe-3d orbitals. Our spin dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the magnetic ground state of 4d/Fe/Ir(111) transition multilayers is a spin spiral in the ab-plane with a period of 1 to 2.5 nm generated by magnetic moments of Fe atoms and propagating along the a-direction. The spiral wavelengths in Y/Fe/Ir(111) are much larger compared to Rh/Fe/Ir(111). In order to manipulate the skyrmion phase in 4d/Fe/Ir(111), we investigate the magnetic ground state of 4d/Fe/Ir(111) transition multilayers with different external magnetic field. An increasing external magnetic field of ∼12 T is responsible for deforming the spin spiral into a isolated skyrmion which flips into skyrmion lattice phase around ∼18 T in Rh/Fe/Ir(111). Our study predict that the stability of magnetic skyrmion phase in Rh/Fe/Ir(111) against thermal fluctuations is upto temperature T

⩽
90

K.
Single visual model based on transformer for digital instrument reading recognition
Authors: Li Xiang , Zeng Changchang , Yao Yong , Zhang Sen , Zhang Haiding , Yang Suixian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Digital instrument reading recognition (DIRR) technology is crucial for industrial digital transformation and the advancement of industrialisation. However, digital instruments differ in character fonts, styles, spacing, and aspect ratios, as well as the scarcity of data pose significant challenges to current recognition technologies. To address these challenges, this study proposed a novel single visual model based on transformer for digital instrument recognition (SVDIR). The SVDIR model primarily comprised a scaled cosine attention mechanism (SC-attention) and a local Transformer block. First, the SC-attention was designed to calculate the cosine similarity of two image patches. It rendered the attention calculation independent of the input amplitude and produced milder attention weights to alleviate overconcentration issues. Second, a local Transformer block module was proposed for extracting the internal stroke features and dependencies between character components. Fine-grained characteristic features were obtained using this method. In addition, a post-norm structure was introduced into the local Transformer block module to reduce the accumulation of activation values following the deepening of the network. Finally, experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model on two digital instrument datasets.