bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More Than Smart Pavements: Connected Infrastructure Paves the Way for Enhanced Winter Safety and Mobility on Highways
Authors: Shi Xianming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Currently, there is an urgent demand for more cost-effective, resource-efficient and reliable solutions to address safety and mobility challenges on highways enduring snowy winter weather. To address this pressing issue, this commentary proposes that the physical and digital infrastructures should be upgraded to take advantage of emerging technologies and facilitate the vehicle-infrastructure integration (VII), to better inform decision-makers at various levels. Driven by the paradigm shift towards more automation and more intelligent transportation, it is time to reimagine the vehicle-infrastructure ecosystem with the cold-climate issues in mind, and to enhance communications and coordination among various highway users and stakeholders. This commentary envisages the deployment of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technologies to bring about transformative changes and substantial benefits in terms of enhanced winter safety and mobility on highways. At the center of the commentary is a conceptualized design of next-generation highways in cold climates, including the existing infrastructure entities that are appropriate for possible upgrade to connected infrastructure (CI) applications, to leverage the immensely expanded data availability fueled by better spatial and temporal coverage. The commentary also advances the idea that CI solutions can augment the sensing capabilities and confidence level of connected or autonomous vehicles. The application scenarios of VII system is then briefly explored, followed by some discussion of the paradigm shift towards V2X applications and a look to the future including some identified research needs in the arena of CI. This work aims to inspire dialogues and synergistic collaborations among various stakeholders of the VII revolution, because the specific challenges call for systematic, holistic, and multidisciplinary approaches accompanied by concerted efforts in the research, development, pilot testing, and deployment of CI technologies.
Design and Management System of Intelligent Pension Space Positioning Based on BIM Technology
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Wang Ruping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
With the continuous development of China's economy and the gradual improvement of the medical security system, people's living standards will also be improved, and the aging population will become an inevitable trend of social development in China. The imperfect design of home space positioning of medical and elderly care community makes the traditional family elderly care impacted. BIM technology can endow the space with wisdom,co-ordination,energy saving,and development in the design of smart elderly care space positioning,and provide favorable support for the design of new technology,new ideas,and new models for the elderly care space.This article mainly studies the design and implementation of smart pension space positioning under BIM technology.This paper introduces the frontier of Internet of Things technology and the theory of sensor network topology control.It uses basic IoT technology to implement the"point,line,and surface"combination of personnel placement algorithms,sensor network communication protocols,topology checks,security models,and sensor network wireless communication units.The basic technology and communication technology of personnel deployment based on BIM technology are introduced,the development strategy of wireless nodes is studied,the installation of equipment radio personnel and communication equipment is designed,and the system management platform for the design and development of staff placement in pension institutions is provided.The website's information service management,standardized procedures,optimized services,provision of information,intelligent management and pension services.The experimental results of this paper show that the smart pension space positioning under the BIM technology solves the management loopholes in nursing homes,shortage of nursing staff,inefficiency,lack of services,and family conflicts.It improves the efficiency of the elderly by 25%and the safety index by 23%-27%.It combines many things.Network,cloud computing and other technologies will provide greater convenience for the elderly in smart community life,which will be an important future development direction of smart community pension.
Determining the three-dimensional atomic structure of a metallic glass
Authors: Yang Yao , Zhou Jihan , Zhu Fan , Yuan Yakun , Chang Dillan , Kim Dennis , Pham Minh , Rana Arjun , Tian Xuezeng , Yao Yonggang , Osher Stanley , Schmid Andreas , Hu Liangbing , Ercius Peter , Miao Jianwei (John) 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Amorphous solids such as glass are ubiquitous in our daily life and have found broad applications ranging from window glass and solar cells to telecommunications and transformer cores1,2. However, due to the lack of long-range order, the three-dimensional (3D) atomic structure of amorphous solids have thus far defied any direct experimental determination without model fitting3-13. Here, using a multi-component metallic glass as a proof-of-principle, we advance atomic electron tomography to determine the 3D atomic positions in an amorphous solid for the first time. We quantitatively characterize the short-range order (SRO) and medium-range order (MRO) of the 3D atomic arrangement. We find that although the 3D atomic packing of the SRO is geometrically disordered, some SRO connect with each other to form crystal-like networks and give rise to MRO. We identify four crystal-like MRO networks - face-centred cubic, hexagonal close-packed, body-centered cubic and simple cubic - coexisting in the sample, which show translational but no orientational order. These observations confirm that the 3D atomic structure in some parts of the sample is consistent with the efficient cluster packing model8,10-12,20. Looking forward, we anticipate this experiment will open the door to determining the 3D atomic coordinates of various amorphous solids, whose impact on non-crystalline solids may be comparable to the first 3D crystal structure solved by x-ray crystallography over a century ago14.
In situ wide-field visualization of palladium hydrogenation
Authors: Jin Chongjun , Fang Nicholas , She Xiaoyi , Du Huifeng , Shen Yang , Xin Rihui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Visualizing hydrogenation processes in metals in real-time is important to various hydrogen-involved applications. However, observing hydrogen diffusion was limited by transmission electron microscopy, and the kinetics of hydrogenation in the interior of the metals was not reported. Here we proposed an optical microscopy-based visualization of palladium hydrogenation from diffusion surface to the interior by introducing a fast-response mechanical platform that transforms the hydrogen diffusion into self-organized ordered wrinkles with sharp optical contrast. This platform is an Au/Pd double layer on elastomer which results in directional hydrogenation from sidewall to the interior. The kinetics of hydrogenation in the interior of the palladium along the diffusion direction was monitored in real-time. This platform will enable in-situ visualization of atom/ion diffusion on metals that are crucial in energy storage and hydrogen detection.
Effect of Boschniakia Rossica Extract on BMP-5 and ActRIIA in Mice Model of Kidney-Yang Deficient
Authors: Mu Fan-Song , Chen Min , Tian Meng-Fei , Feng Chang-Yin , Meng Xian-Ming , Luo Meng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Boschniakia rossica (Cham. & Schltdl.) B. Fedtsch. (Bu-Lao-Cao in Chinese name) is a famous Chinese traditional drug and mainly distributed in Korea, Japan, Russia, and China. The dried whole grass of Boschniakia rossica is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat kidney deficiency, yang deficiency, waist and knee aches and constipation. In order to quantify the active ingredients in B. rossica chinensis and body weight, clinical features and serum SOD and MDA activities, cAMP, cGMP, and testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating growth hormone (FSH), mouse bone morphogenetic protein-5 (BMP-5), mouse activin receptor IIA (ActRIIA) were measured to elucidate the mechanism underlying its treatment of kidney yang deficiency potential. Methods Extracts of B. rossica were evaluated by HPLC-MS analyses. Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome was induced in mouse with hydrocortisone (10 mg/Kg, 15d) and treated with B. rossica extract. The animals were treated orally with 3 doses of B. rossica extract: 1000, 500 and 250 mg/Kg, for 15 days. Body weight and clinical characteristics were recorded daily. For biochemical analyses, the following tests were performed: superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, testosterone (T) content, follicle growth hormone (FSH) content, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content, mouse bone morphogenetic protein-5 (BMP-5) content and activin receptor IIA (ActRIIA) content. Results Our study found that all the mice except the blank group showed significant systemic depletion caused by hydrocortisone. Low T content, low cAMP activity and high cGMP content were consistent with the physiological and biochemical indexes of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. After oral gavage, the pathological conditions were improved in both the Positive group and the B. rossica groups.Conclusions The high-dose extract of B. rossica showed similar therapeutic effects as Jingui Shenqi Pill. The extract of B. rossica can be used to treat with hydrocortisone-induced kidney yang deficiency syndrome by increasing serum testosterone content and decreasing FSH content. More importantly, the experiment found that activin A and BMP-5 also have effects on kidney yang deficiency syndrome.
High Throughput Comparison of 13 Herbal Plants Extracted by Heat-Refluxed and Heat-Pressurized Extraction Techniques Using Chemometrics
Authors: Abdullah F. I. , Chua Lee Suan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundA reliable and effective extraction technique would be of great importance for high quality of herbal extracts. In particular, herbal extracts that are used for product development. MethodThirteen commonly used herbs of different families were selected and extracted using both heat-refluxed and heat-pressurized extraction methods for comparison. The yield and antioxidant capacity of the herbal extracts were compared and statistically analyzed for classification. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the dimensionality of mass spectrometric data generated by LC-MS/MS.ResultThe extraction yield was found to be higher in heat-refluxed extracts than those prepared by heat-pressurized system. Similarly, heat-refluxed system could produce herbal extracts with higher reducing power. Although majority of heat-pressurised extracts showed to have higher cation radical scavenging activity, the inhibition was mostly not more than 50%. The result of PCA revealed that only 22.4% and 16.1% of the total variance was recorded for the first two components from the total of 41 and 38 components for heat-refluxed and heat-pressurized extracts, respectively. Although low similarity among phytochemicals, the herbal extracts still could cluster according to their antioxidant capacity rather than the extraction technique. Herbal extracts with close phytochemical profiles were also located in the similar cluster of antioxidant assay. This explains the importance of phytochemicals contributing to the antioxidant capacity.ConclusionTo conclude, both extraction techniques were not comparable and the deviation of phytochemicals attributed to the difference in antioxidant capacity.
WITHDRAWN: Elucidating the mechanisms of Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Lvxue Pill in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis via a system pharmacological approach
Authors: Liu Chuan , Fan Fangfang , Zhong Lu , Li Ning , Zhang Yunsen , Su Jinsong , Chu Qiqi , Tang Ce , Zhang Yi , Tu Ya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Ershiwuwei Lvxue Pill (ELP, མགྲིན་མཚལ་ཉེར་ལྔ།), a traditional Tibetan medicine preparation, has been used hundreds of years for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Tibet, China. Nevertheless, its chemical compositions and therapeutic mechanism are unclear. Methods: In this work, a system pharmacological approach based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), network pharmacology and molecular docking simulation was proposed for exploring the promising bioactive compounds and mechanisms for the treatment of RA.Results: For the first time, the compounds database of ELP was successfully established and 96 compounds were identified based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Among them, 22 bioactive compounds were screened according to ADME, oral bioavailability and drug likeness. Screening based on relevant databases and topological analysis revealed that 22 bioactive ingredients participated in 46 potential target proteins and 12 signaling pathways in RA. The functional enrichment analysis indicated that ELP exerted the anti-RA effects via synergistically regulating multiple biological nodes of the disease network. In that, 10 targets with high degree value including IL6, TNF, TP53, AKT1, JUN, VEGFA, MAPK3, STAT3, IL1β and PTGS2. The pathways with greater p-value contribution are PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. In addition, good molecular docking scores were highlighted between five promising bioactive compounds (ellagic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, galangin, coptisine) and five core targets (PTGS2, STAT3, VEGFA, MAPK3, TNF). Conclusion: Overall, the present work revealed the material basis and potential mechanism of ELP treatment on RA and provides insight for further research. However, further studies are needed to validate the biological processes and effect pathways of ELP.
Clinical Effects of Polymyxin B in Patients infected with Carbapenem-resistant organisms
Authors: Li Guo-Hua , Lu Qiong , Qu Qiang , Zhu Hai-Hong , Li Hang , Ou-Yang Zhan-Bo , Wu Wen-Qiang , Wang Jiao-Jiao , Qi Ting-Ting , Yan Han , Yuan Hai-Yan , Qu Jian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs) pose great challenges for clinical treatment. Polymyxin B (PMB) is one of the “last resort” choices of CRO infections. We explored the possible factors affecting PMB efficacy. Methods: This retrospective study involved CRO infected patients treated with PMB for ≥72 h. The endpoint indicator was clinical efficacy. We compared the characteristics (demographics, pathogenic bacteria, PMB treatment) between patients who had “clinical success” (CS) and “clinical failure” (CF).Results: A total of 192 patients were enrolled: 110 in the CS group and 82 in the CF group. The total cumulative dose for the CS group was higher than the CF group [1100 (700–1443.75) vs. 800 (500–1112.5) mg; P = 0.001]. Treatment duration in the CS group was longer than the CF group [11 (8–14) vs. 8 (6–11) days; P < 0.000]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agents, multiple-site infection, and total cumulative dose to be independently associated with clinical efficacy. Cox survival analysis for 30-day mortality also showed that the use of vasoactive agents and the total cumulative dose of PMB could influence survival time and mortality rate independently.Conclusion: PMB had good efficacy and a low prevalence of adverse reactions. The total cumulative dose，duration of PMB treatment, mechanical ventilation, vasoactive agents, and multiple-site infection were factors associated with the clinical efficacy of PMB.
The global usage rate of bed nets during the last ten years: a systematic review and&nbsp;&nbsp;meta-analysis
Authors: Mahmoud Mona Hanafy , Chikuni Ruth L. , Tawfik Gehad Mohamed , Rashidy Asmaa Ibrahim , Salama Ahmed Elsayad , Sulaiman Loai Jalal , Simakechula Chikuni Gelly , Sayed Ahmed Magdy , AlFadaly Mahmoud Ali , AL-Manaseer Balqees Mahmoud , Abdelghany Seif Mahmoud , Ali Fatma Elzahraa Yasser , Elsergany Mohamed M. , Shakaria Rana Hesham , Mohamed Hadeir Said , Mohamed Yara Mahmoud , Khalifa Ahmed Mohamed , Biala Marwa Isa , Abdelrahman Abdelrahman Hamdy , Abulnaga Mahmoud Abdulmonem , Abozaid Ali Ahmed-Fouad , Abdelsattar Mostafa Khaled , Quang Loc Le , Thuong Nguyen Dinh , Desokey Mohammed Salah , Mostafa Esraa Mahmoud , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Moji Kazuhiko , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria is an endemic disease especially in tropical areas transmitted by Anopheles mosquito through their bites. Therefore, bednets are one of the best methods for protection against their bites. However, many regions have limited access to bednets and limited knowledge about their importance. Objectives: Primary objectives were to estimate bednet possession and usage rate for last 10 years. Secondary objectives aimed to calculate the prevalence of specific bednets’ types.Methods: We performed an electronic search on 12 databases, and 106 studies were included obeying the criteria. Results: 106 studies included in our meta-analysis. Study participants were mostly from Africa while a few from Asia and southern America. Overall bednet ownership rate per households among countries was 72.1% (95% CI: 62.9-79.7) while per individuals was 52.5% (95% CI: 37-67.4). In addition, overall bednet usage rate per households among countries was 41.2% (95% CI: 25.1-59.3) same as bednet usage per individuals.Conclusion: Our study suggests that the bednet ownership and usage rate among different countries are less satisfactory, hence not maximizing the potential benefit of the bed net. There is a crucial need to increase awareness towards the bednet usage across endemic areas and implement programs for free distribution of bednets.
High Cell Density Cultivation of A Recombinant Bacillus Subtilis for Nattokinase Production
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Cui Qing , Qian Bingjun , Sun Xiangjun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Nattokinase (NK), a fibrinolytic enzyme, can be produced by culturing recombinant Bacillus subtilis in Luria-Bertani broth in a shaking flask. For use as a nutraceutical, however, a large-scale preparation and a simple purification process are required.Results: The present study utilized a fed-batch process to cultivate a B. subtilis strain carrying a pHT01 plasmid with an NK-encoding gene (B. subtilis/pHT01-aprN1). For batch A (FB A), with a pH-stat two-stage fermentation strategy, we achieved an activity of 2910.5 ± 21.6 U mL-1 and a specific activity of 30.32 U ml-1 OD600-1. Then, we changed the strategy with a later induction and lower feeding rate to pursue higher cell density and thus higher enzyme activity, a 11.9-fold activity of 4521.8 ± 23.8 U mL-1 was acquired, however, the specific activity was lower than FB A. For the third batch, low-glycerol-level-maintain feeding strategy was followed, and finally, a NK activity of 7778 ±17.28 U mL-1 was obtained, according to our knowledge, it was the highest activity assayed by the fibrin plate method ever reported. Furthermore, fermentation supernatant was successively purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and nickel column affinity chromatography with a total NK recovery rate of 65.2%.Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is a balance between the cell growth rate and NK expression when recombinant Bacillus subtilis is cultured with a fed-batch process. The equilibrium state can be attained by optimizing the induction and feeding strategy, and thus a high cell density and enzyme activity can be achieved.
Exposure to negative socio-emotional events induces sustained alteration of resting-state brain networks in the elderly
Authors: Lugo Sebastian Baez , Deza-Araujo Yacila , Collette Fabienne , Vuilleumier Patrik , Klimecki Olga 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
While basic emotional functions seem preserved in the elderly, adaptive brain mechanisms required to cope with socio-emotional stressful events remain unresolved and scarcely investigated in this population. To evaluate how the aging brain reacts during and after emotionally challenging social events, we designed a new "task-rest" paradigm in which elderly participants (N=127) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while exposed to socio-emotional videos. We unveil neural markers of "emotional inertia" in brain activity and connectivity following negative scenes. Exposure to others' suffering induced differential activations that lingered over time into the subsequent resting-state in regions of the default mode network (DMN). Moreover, emotional elicitation potentiated subsequent resting-state connectivity between posterior DMN and amygdala, which in turn was related to anxiety, rumination, and negative thoughts. These findings uncover brain mechanisms underlying emotional resilience and empathy in the elderly and may help understand how poor social stress regulation promotes neurodegenerative diseases.
Legacy-Based Targets for Tropical Forest Restoration
Authors: Loughlin Nicholas , Gosling William , Duivenvoorden Joost , Cuesta Francisco , Mothes Patricia , Montoya Encarni 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Unparalleled levels of tropical forest restoration are required to counter decades of deforestation, minimise losses in biodiversity and aid in combating climate change. Restoration projects which disregard the temporal dimension (decades-centuries) risk restoring a degraded ecosystem, as our expectations of what is ‘normal’ diminish over generations. Actively incorporating ‘practical palaeo-reference ecosystems’ into restoration projects provide targets against which success can be measured.
Microsecond polarimetry of the repeating FRB 20180916B
Authors: Nimmo Kenzie , Hessels Jason , Keimpema Aard , Archibald Anne , Cordes James , Karuppusamy Ramesh , Kirsten Franz , Li Dongzi , Marcote Benito , Paragi Zsolt 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) exhibit a wide variety of spectral, temporal and polarimetric properties, which can unveil clues into their emission physics and propagation effects in the local medium. FRBs are challenging to study at very high time resolution due to the precision needed to constrain the dispersion measure, signal-to-noise limitations, and also scattering from the intervening medium. Here we present the high-time-resolution (down to 1 μs) polarimetric properties of four 1.7-GHz bursts from the repeating FRB 20180916B, which were detected in voltage data during observations with the European VLBI Network. In these bursts we observe a range of emission timescales spanning three orders of magnitude, the shortest component width reaching 3-4 μs (below which we are limited by scattering). We demonstrate that all four bursts are highly linearly polarised (≥ 80%), show no evidence for significant circular polarisation (≤ 15%), and exhibit a constant polarisation position angle during and between bursts. On short timescales (≤ 100 μs), however, there appear to be subtle (few degree) polarisation position angle variations across the burst profiles. These observational results are most naturally explained in an FRB model where the emission is magnetospheric in origin, as opposed to models where the emission originates at larger distances in a relativistic shock.