bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of renal length and serum creatinine values in chronic kidney disease - a hospital based study
Authors: Kodikara S. K. Y. I. , Gamage D. T. K. , Dulmini L. Y. D. , Nanayakkara B. G. , Ilayperuma I. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global & local health problem. Serum creatinine (Scr) is an indicator of renal function. Ultrasound is a freely available safe, reliable imaging modality, commonly used to assess kidneys in CKD. Association of renal length and Scr in CKD is evaluated in this study, as such data is lacking for Sri Lankan population. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional observational study was conducted at the Radiology Unit of the Base Hospital Tissamaharama from March to August 2017 (as a preliminary study of a large ongoing study), using 41 patients with normal Scr (control group) and 74 patients diagnosed with CKD. The Scr values done within the last three months were evaluated. Absolute renal length was measured ultrasonically by an experienced Radiologist, who was blind to the patient’s serum creatinine value, with Mind-ray ultra sound scanner. Results: Study population (n=115) consists of control group (n=41) and CKD patients (n=74) where 40% were females and 60% of were males. Mean age was 58.3 years & mean renal length in control group was 9.6cm and CKD group was 9.0 cm. A significant difference observed in renal length in control and CKD groups (<0.001) & a weak negative correlation between renal length and Scr value in CKD group (r=0.328). Conclusion: Absolute renal length in CKD was significantly lower compared to the control group. Weak negative correlation was established between absolute renal length and the Scr alue, thus with the renal function. Further studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between relative renal length and serum creatinine values and to assess above parameters according to etiological categories of CKD.
Early feeding after laparoscopic assisted pancreatico-duodenectomy with pancreatico-gastric anastomosis
Authors: Galketiya K. B. , Pinto V. , Rathnaweera W. , Nirmalasingham R. , Senevirathna R. M. I. M. , Wijerathna W. E. W. M. G. W. D. N. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Laparoscopic assisted pancreatico-duodenectomy (LAPD) reduces morbidity of open surgery. Enhanced recovery protocols has shown benefits from oral feeding from first post operative day. The study was done to evaluate out come with early oral feeding in patients undergoing LAPD and pancreatico-gastrostomy. Method: Twenty two patients undergoing LAPD and pancreatico-gastrostomy were evaluated for out come after starting early oral feeding. Results: In 22 patients studied 86% tolerated feeding from the first post operative day and the rest were fed by the third day. In 77% IV fluids were omitted by the fifth day. One patient had a prolonged drain output which settled after three weeks. One patient got readmitted after two weeks with a gastric bleed, underwent laparotomy, but died in the ICU with multi organ failure. Conclusions: Early feeding was well tolerated after LAPD and pancreatico-gastrostomy.
The position and morphology of the vermiform appendix in Sri Lankans: a study on autopsies
Authors: Ekanayake P. M. N. S. , Amaratunga H. A. , Vadisinghe A. N. , Senasinghe P. , Adikari S. B. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The vermiform appendix is a vestigial structure showing extreme variability in its position. Varying symptoms of acute appendicitis reflect this variability making the clinical presentation of appendicitis highly inconsistent. Objective: To observe the anatomical variations of the position of the tip of the appendix and its base, length, details of meso-appendix and appendicular artery in adult medico-legal autopsies. Methods: A sample of medico legal autopsies carried out on those over 18 years by forensic pathologists at the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya was included in this study. Results: Of the 60 autopsies, 39 were male, with an age range of 19-88 years. Fifty eight appendixes were healthy, 1 appendicular mass and 1 absent appendix. Positions of the appendices were: 29 (50%) post-ileal, 20 (34.48%) retro-caecal, 7 (12.07%) pelvic and 2 (3.45%) para-caecal. The base was at the postero-medial wall in 36 (62.07%), lower pole in 18 (31.03%) and postero-lateral wall of the ceacum in 4 (6.0%) subjects. The length was 3cm - 14 cm (mean 8.2 cm). The distance between ileo-caecal valve and base of the appendix was 1 cm - 6 cm (mean 2.8 cm). The distance between the edge of the meso-appendix and the tip was 0 cm - 7 cm (mean 1.23 cm). In 51.7 % of cases meso-appendix continued to the tip. The appendicular artery continued to the tip in 37 (63.8%) cases. Conclusions: Post ileal position is the commonest position of the appendix, with the base situated commonly on the postero-medial wall of the caecum. In the majority of cases mesoappendix and the appendicular artery continued to the tip.
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FENO) in the management of asthma: a position paper of the Italian Respiratory Society (SIP/IRS) and Italian Society of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology (SIAAIC)
Authors: Heffler Enrico , Carpagnano Giovanna Elisiana , Favero Elisabetta , Guida Giuseppe , Maniscalco Mauro , Motta Andrea , Paoletti Giovanni , Rolla Giovanni , Baraldi Eugenio , Pezzella Vincenza , Piacentini Giorgio , Nardini Stefano G. 
Published: February 2020

Asthma prevalence in Italy is on the rise and is estimated to be over 6% of the general population. The diagnosis of asthma can be challenging and elusive, especially in children and the last two decades has brought evidences that asthma is not a single disease but consists of various phenotypes. Symptoms can be underestimated by the patient or underreported to the clinician and physical signs can be scanty. Usual objective measures, like spirometry, are necessary but sometimes not significant. Despite proper treatment asthma can be a very severe condition (even leading to death) however new drugs have recently become available which can be very effective in its control. Since asthma is currently thought to be caused by inflammation, a direct measure of the latter can be of paramount importance. For this purpose, the measurement of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FENO) has been used since the early years of the current century as a non-invasive, easy-to-assess tool useful for diagnosing and managing asthma. This SIP-IRS/SIAAIC Position Paper is a narrative review which summarizes the evidence behind the usefulness of FENO in the diagnosis, management and phenotypization of asthma.
The structure of turbulence and mixed-phase cloud microphysics in a highly supercooled altocumulus cloud
Authors: Barrett Paul A. , Blyth Alan , Brown Philip R. A. , Abel Steven J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Observations of vertically resolved turbulence and cloud microphysics in a mixed-phase altocumulus cloud are presented using in situ measurements from an instrumented aircraft. The turbulence spectrum is observed to have an increasingly negative skewness with distance below cloud top, suggesting that long-wave radiative cooling from the liquid cloud layer is an important source of turbulence kinetic energy. Turbulence measurements are presented from both the liquid cloud layer and ice virga below. Vertical profiles of both bulk and microphysical liquid and ice cloud properties indicate that ice is produced within the liquid layer cloud at a temperature of −30 ∘C. These high-resolution in situ measurements support previous remotely sensed observations from both ground-based and space-borne instruments and could be used to evaluate numerical model simulations of altocumulus clouds at spatial scales from eddy-resolving models to global numerical weather prediction models and climate simulations.
Computation of daily Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration in the Carpathian Region and comparison with Thornthwaite estimates
Authors: Lakatos Mónika , Weidinger Tamás , Hoffmann Lilla , Bihari Zita , Horváth Ákos 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The Pannonian Basin Experiment (PannEx) is a Regional Hydroclimate Project (RHP) of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) Project. A gridded meteorological dataset is available for the PannEx region as part of the CarpatClim database, which consists of homogenized and harmonized daily meteorological observations for several climate parameters with 0.1∘ spatial resolution in the period of 1961–2010. The estimation of the Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ET0) on the daily scale was performed for the CarpatClim grid as one of the first results in the PannEx initiative. This study compares the already accessible Thornthwaite estimates of potential evapotranspiration (PET_Th) on the monthly scale to the newly derived Penman–Monteith estimates. The comparison is made on an annual and seasonal basis for the 50-year period. The distribution of both estimates is influenced by geographical location and orographic features. The annual time series are similar but the regional-average annual values of ET0 are ∼80 mm greater than the Thornthwaite estimate in the whole CarpatClim region. The relative bias and root mean square error was
computed as well. The classical Thornthwaite method underestimates the ET0 by more than 20 % over extensive regions for selected grid points at elevations lower than 200 m in the Pannonian Basin. The slope of the fitted linear trend indicate increasing reference evapotranspiration in the Pannonian/Carpathian Basin due to climate change.
Millennial-scale variations in sedimentary oxygenation in the western subtropical North Pacific and its links to North Atlantic climate
Authors: Zou Jianjun , Shi Xuefa , Zhu Aimei , Kandasamy Selvaraj , Gong Xun , Lembke-Jene Lester , Chen Min-Te , Wu Yonghua , Ge Shulan , Liu Yanguang , Xue Xinru , Lohmann Gerrit , Tiedemann Ralf 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The deep-ocean carbon cycle, especially carbon sequestration and outgassing,
is one of the mechanisms to explain variations in atmospheric CO2
concentrations on millennial and orbital timescales. However, the potential
role of subtropical North Pacific subsurface waters in modulating
atmospheric CO2 levels on millennial timescales is poorly constrained.
An increase in the respired CO2 concentration in the glacial deep-ocean
due to biological pump generally corresponds to deoxygenation in the ocean
interior. This link thus offers a chance to study oceanic ventilation and
coeval export productivity based on redox-controlled sedimentary
geochemical parameters. Here, we investigate a suite of geochemical proxies
in a sediment core from the Okinawa Trough to understand sedimentary
oxygenation variations in the subtropical North Pacific over the last 50 000 years (50 ka). Our results suggest that enhanced mid-depth western
subtropical North Pacific (WSTNP) sedimentary oxygenation occurred during
cold intervals and after 8.5 ka, while oxygenation decreased during the
Bölling-Alleröd (B/A) and Preboreal. The enhanced oxygenation during
cold spells is linked to the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), while
interglacial increase after 8.5 ka is linked to an intensification of the
Kuroshio Current due to strengthened northeast trade winds over the tropics.
The enhanced formation of the NPIW during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) was likely
driven by the perturbation of sea ice formation and sea surface salinity
oscillations in the high-latitude North Pacific. The diminished sedimentary
oxygenation during the B/A due to a decreased NPIW formation and enhanced
export production, indicates an expansion of the oxygen minimum zone in the
North Pacific and enhanced CO2 sequestration at mid-depth waters, along
with the termination of atmospheric CO2 concentration increase. We
attribute the millennial-scale changes to an intensified NPIW and enhanced
abyss flushing during deglacial cold and warm intervals, respectively,
closely related to variations in North Atlantic Deep Water formation.
Gestión de Riesgo en el Patrimonio, Caso de estudio: Mercado de Artesanías de la ciudad de Masaya
Authors: Mendoza José Luis 
Published: February 2020

El Patrimonio y La Gestión de riesgos, cosas complicadas de definir cada una por su lado, cada una con sus propias complejidades y sus universos de variables ¿pero hasta qué punto una puede apoyarse en la otra con un fin último?, planteé este objetivo final como el resguardo de aquello que como sociedad consideramos valioso, y digno de protegerse. Muy bien entonces, es sensato empezar a ordenar las ideas y el rigor científico exige la clara y consecuente definición de cada una de ellas para buscar los puntos de articulación y apoyo donde asirnos, porque si bien es cierto son disciplinas diferentes entre sí, cada una es parte de la ciencia, y ya desde este punto se puede iniciar su clasificación, ambas son parte del saber científico en sí mismas por tanto siguiendo la definición del diccionario de la real lengua española “Ciencia es el conjunto de conocimientos obtenidos mediante la observación y el razonamiento, sistemática-mente estructurados y de los que se deducen principios y leyes generales
Gestión de riesgo con enfoque en ordenamiento territorial en el casco urbano del municipio de San Nicolás, departamento de Estelí
Authors: Paizano Martha Alicia 
Published: February 2020

El casco urbano del municipio de San Nicolás, Estelí presenta características geológicas y climáticas que propician la ocurrencia de movimientos múltiples de laderas como: deslizamientos translacionales, rotacionales, complejos; también hundimientos, separaciones laterales y caídas de detritos. Dichos eventos ponen en riesgo la vida de los pobladores, por las condiciones de vulnerabilidad con las que coexisten en su entorno. Debido a la relevancia que supone esta amenaza, este estudio está enfocado en la reducción de los riesgos provenientes de los movimientos de laderas, a través de la realización de un plan de gestión de riesgo. Se tomaron los resultados del estudio de Riesgos ante movimientos de laderas de González (2011) en la misma área de estudio, cuyo principal resultado fue un mapa de riesgos, el cual fue un punto de partida para la realización de la zonificación territorial. El plan de gestión de riesgos contiene cuatro ejes de desarrollo con enfoque a la reducción de desastres: económico, social, institucionalidad y desarrollo de capacidades, ordenamiento territorial y medio ambiente. Es en este último eje donde se integra el ordenamiento territorial en el plan de gestión; se propone la zonificación del territorio en función al riesgo por movimientos de laderas, basándose en el Decreto 78-2002: De Normas, Pautas y Criterios para el Ordenamiento Territorial.
Hopfian and Cohopfian Objects in the Categories of Gr(A - Mod) and COMP(Gr(A - Mod))
Authors: BALDE Seydina Ababacar , MAAOUIA Mohamed Ben Faraj BEN , CHBIH Ahmed Ould 
Published: February 2020

We study in this work the notions of hopficity and cohopficity in the categories AGr(A - Mod) and COMP(AGr(A - Mod)) of associate complex to a graded left A-module and we show that:
1. Let M a graded left A-module, N a graded submodule of M, M_* be a complex associate to M. Suppose that M_* be a quasi-projective and N be a completely invariant and essential sub-complex of M_* associate to N. Then N_* is cohopfian if, and only, if M_* is cohopfian.
2. Let M a graded left A-module, N a graded submodule of M, M_* quasi-injective and M_* a completely invariant and superfluous sub-complex of M_*. Then M_* is cohopfian if, and only, if M_*=M_* is cohopfian.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENHANCING MALE PARTICIPATION ON FAMILY PLANNING POLICY IN BANDUNG BARAT REGENCY
Authors: Suhenda Dadang , Hutasoit Evalina Franciska 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aims to analyze the conduct implementation of the increasing male contraception policy in Bandung Barat Regency. The study is using qualitative methods with case studies approachment. Qualitative data were gained from 16 informants which consist of implementor group as program managers, and partnership and community group as the targeted group. This study was conducted at three locations: district of Cililin, Batu Jajar, and Parongpong. The study shows that the decision process to decide PPM as the standard and goals of the family planning program has been understood by all of its administrators and resources available for this program has been considered as sufficient in terms of quantity but yet still lack in quality. Furthermore, communication and coordination processes among administrators and associates are shown to be in accordance with the operational procedures, hence, influencing characteristics of the family planning programs. It is found that religion consideration makes the residents refuse male contraception. Family planning programs are considered as women's business for some certain people. Fortunately, the existence of a spirit of militancy, high loyalty and disposition/attitude possessed by the management officers towards this male family planning program has a major influence on the success of the program. Moreover, the study shows that politicians have demonstrated strong support for the family planning program. This supports take places through budgeting and politician's active participation in the male contraceptive programs.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kinerja pencapaian kebijakan KB pria di Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa proses penetapan PPM sebagai standar dan tujuan kebijakan KB telah dipahami oleh seluruh pengelola KB dan jumlah ketersedian sumber daya saat ini sudah dianggap mencukupi dari segi jumlah namun masih kurang dari segi kualitas. Selain itu diketahui juga bahwa proses komunikasi dan koordinasi antar pengelola maupun dengan mitra kerja telah dilakukan sesuai dengan mekanisme operasional dan hal ini memengaruhi karakteristik pengelola KB. Dari segi faktor sosial budaya diketahui bahwa masyarakat banyak yang menolak program KB pria dengan alasan agama. Sebagian ada yang menganggap bahwa KB hanya untuk urusan wanita. Namun adanya jiwa militansi, loyalitas tinggi dan disposisi/sikap yang dimiliki oleh petugas pengelola terhadap program KB pria ini berpengaruh besar terhadap keberhasilan program. Selain itu juga diketahui bahwa dukungan elit politik terhadap program KB sudah sangat baik dari segi penganggaran maupun keterlibatannya secara aktif dalam Kebijakan KB Pria.
Response of Different Cultivars of Wheat Plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to Inoculation by Azotobacter sp. under Salinity Stress Conditions
Authors: El-Nahrawy Sahar , Yassin Mohamed 
Published: February 2020

Salinity is one of the key restraints to agricultural productivity worldwide and is expected to increase further. Therefore, cope with this problem we should be develop strategies to enhance salinity tolerance in different crops. One of these modern strategies is to use plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which can help plants to withstand under harsh environmental conditions. The present study was evaluated six isolates of Azotobacter sp. (Az1-Az6) which tested in vitro for growth, PGPR traits such as indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) production and nitrogen fixation, germination indicators for different wheat cultivars i.e. Misr 1, Gemmiza 12 and Sakha 95 under different levels of NaCl. Also, the efficacy of inoculation with two superior isolates in different wheat cultivars in a Gnotobiotic Sand System and greenhouse experiment for improving growth dynamics, physiological attributes, nutrient uptake and antioxidant enzymes under different levels salinity of sandy soil (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS m-1).
Out of 6 isolates, two isolates (Az2 and Az6) could show salinity tolerance and exhibited PGPR traits as well as improvement germination tests. Both the bacteria could promote growth in 3 cultivars of wheat tested in terms of increase in fresh weight, dry weight, root and shoot length as well as root colonization compared to uninoculated control under Gnotobiotic Sand System experiment.
Under greenhouse experiment conditions, inoculation treatment with Az6 showed a significant increase of vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of different wheat cultivars under different salinity stress treatments. Also, Az6 treatment recorded the highest N% from wheat plants attained 2.64, 2.51 and 2.43% at 4 dS m-1 for Misr1, Sakha 95 and Gemmiza 12 cultivars, respectively but the highest K+, K+/Na+% and the lowest Na+% were obtained from plants that grown in soil salinized with 8 and 12 dS m-1. The same trend was observed for antioxidant enzymes. Thus, inoculation with Azotobacter isolates Az2 and Az6 could be efficiently used to partially or completely eliminate the effects of salt stress on growth of different wheat cultivars.
Magnitude, Trends and Causes of Maternal Mortality: A 7-year Review at a Tertiary Hospital in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Awoyesuku P. A. , MacPepple D. A. , Altraide B. O. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Maternal mortality ratios (MMR) are still unacceptably high in many low- and middle-income countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Background Data for the causes of maternal deaths are needed to inform policies to improve maternal healthcare and reduce maternal mortality.
Objective: This study sought to determine the magnitude and trend in maternal mortality and the causes at a tertiary hospital over a seven-year study period.
Methodology: This was a retrospective review of maternal mortality and causes from 2012 to 2018. Data on number of maternal deaths, deliveries and causes of death were retrieved from the departmental annual reports and hospital records and entered into Microsoft Excel 2013. Data were presented as line graphs, charts and frequency tables.
Results: One hundred and ten (110) maternal deaths occurred out of 17,080 total births during the study period giving an overall MMR of 644. The MMR increased progressively from 580 in 2012 to 785 in 2018 with a sharp rise to the highest and subsequent decline to the lowest, values at the midpoint. The commonest causes of maternal deaths were Pre-eclampsia (PET) and Eclampsia 44(40%), Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) 25(22.7%) and Ruptured Uterus 13(11.8%).
Conclusion: The maternal mortality ratio is high and the trend is worsening. The leading causes of maternal deaths were PET/Eclampsia and Postpartum haemorrhage accounting for about two-thirds of all deaths. Efforts must be geared towards improvements in the management of these cases, if this trend is to be reversed.