bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EasieRR: An open‐source software for non‐invasive heart rate variability assessment
Authors: Rasmussen Jeppe Have , Rosenberger Katrina , Langbein Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

The assessment of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) based on electrocardiograms (ECG) is considered a good proxy for stress in a wide range of animal species. However, problems can occur e.g., when measuring ECG in ambulatory settings such as recording of unrestrained animals using non‐invasive devices. Artefacts caused by technical (i.e. bad electrode contact) or physiological (i.e. ectopic beats, non‐cardiac muscle potentials) sources are common and can disturb the ECG signal. As HRV analysis is highly sensitive to artefacts in the interbeat interval (RR‐interval) time series the process of visual inspection of the raw signal to detect and correct these is essential. Most of the commercially available software requires intensive training and extensive manual work to accomplish this task and/or is often not available to access for free.

EasieRR is an open‐source, stand‐alone software optimized for analysing ECG in non‐restrained animals. The program allows a species‐specific analysis and calculation of recommended standard HRV parameters in both, the time‐ and the nonlinear domain (RMSSD, SDNN, SD1 and SD2).

Visualization of data using Poincaré plots and tachograms of RR‐intervals eases the validation of correct heart cycle interval detection and minimizes manual work for the user. Automatically detected peaks can be manually corrected via deletion, correction of spurious detections or marking of undetected peaks.

The HRV analysis can be exported using common formats (TXT, MAT). Figures can be plotted and exported in various formats (PDF, SVG, PNG, JPG, TIFF, EMF and EPS).

Included in EasieRR is the possibility for synchronization of ECG data with video in order to link cardiac responses to specific behavioural responses.
Probability and outcomes of second pregnancy after HELLP syndrome in the first: A population‐based registry study
Authors: Malmström Ola , Håberg Siri Eldevik , Morken Nils‐Halvdan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionSome studies have suggested that women may avoid further pregnancies after experiencing a pregnancy affected by a hypertensive disorder. Large population‐based studies are needed to better understand the outcomes of later pregnancies among women who have a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The aims of the study were to assess outcomes of the second pregnancy and second delivery rate among women experiencing Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome in their first pregnancy.Material and methodsThis population‐based registry study included all women with a first delivery registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway from 1999 to 2014 (n = 418 897). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for adverse outcomes of the second delivery and the probability of no second delivery among women with HELLP syndrome in first pregnancy compared with women without HELLP syndrome. We also compared outcomes in the first and second pregnancies among women with HELLP syndrome in first.ResultsHELLP syndrome occurred in 0.24% of first pregnancies (n = 1006). Among women with HELLP syndrome in their first pregnancy, adverse outcomes were substantially less frequent in the second pregnancy: preterm deliveries declined from 56.0% to 14.2%, and small for gestational age from 6.6% to 2.8%. More than 75% had no hypertensive disorder in their second pregnancy. Still, compared with women without a history of HELLP syndrome, ORs for adverse outcomes in second pregnancies were increased: preterm birth (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.8‐4.8), small for gestational age (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6‐4.8), perinatal death (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.4‐7.0), placental abruption (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.8‐9.4) and hypertensive complication (OR 8.3, 95% CI 6.7‐10.3). HELLP syndrome did not influence the probability of a second delivery.ConclusionsAmong women with HELLP syndrome in their first pregnancy, the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was substantially reduced in the second pregnancy. However, compared with unaffected women, they were still at greater risk of pregnancy complications.
TARGET: a survey of real‐world management of chronic myeloid leukaemia across 33 countries
Authors: Turkina Anna , Wang Jianxiang , Mathews Vikram , Saydam Guray , Jung Chul Won , Al Hashmi Hani Hassan , Yassin Mohamed , Le Clanche Solenn , Miljkovic Darko , Slader Cassandra , Hughes Timothy P. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryDespite the availability of guidelines for the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), various issues may prevent their successful implementation. The TARGET survey examined real‐world management of CML patients compared with international recommendations. This online survey was completed in 2017. Results were discussed by a Steering Committee (SC) of eight international haematologists, challenges were identified and practical solutions developed. Of the 1008 haematologists invited (33 countries), 614 completed the survey. Gaps regarding treatment efficacy and molecular monitoring were identified. Half of the physicians did not perform three‐monthly testing of during the initial 12 months of treatment, citing cost as the major barrier, although they know it should be done. Treatment‐free remission was not considered a primary treatment goal or as a priority factor influencing treatment decisions. European Leukemia Net guidelines interpretation was generally acceptable, but awareness regarding management of persistent adverse events was poor. Practical solutions proposed by the SC were mostly focused on enhancing physician education and awareness, or encouraging hospitals to work with the government, in order to improve the quality of BCR‐ABL testing. Gaps in current CML management were identified compared with international recommendations, which the proposed practical solutions would help to address.
Contrasting patterns of fig wasp communities along Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Souto‐Vilarós Daniel , Houadria Mickal , Michalek Jan , Sisol Mentap , Isua Brus , Kuyaiva Thomas , Weiblen George D. , Novotny Vojtech , Segar Simon T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe fig (Moraceae) and pollinating fig wasp (Agaonidae) mutualism is best known as a model system for the study of coevolution in plant–pollinator interactions and its central role in shaping vertebrate communities in tropical forests. Figs also host myriad antagonistic parasitic fig wasps which impose costs on both partners threatening mutualism stability. Spatiotemporal variation in parasitic wasp abundance is a key factor in mitigating these effects. Because fig wasps are temperature sensitive and likely vary in their ability to traverse environmental gradients, we expect community assemblages and abundance of both pollinating and non‐pollinating fig wasps to respond to changes along an elevational gradient. In the present study, we compare the fig wasp communities and abundance of three fig species growing along the slopes of the Mount Wilhelm altitudinal gradient in Papua New Guinea. We quantified wasps from over 100 male fig trees and calculated seed set for 55 female trees along each of the species’ distribution on the transect. Our results show that the abundance of both pollinating and non‐pollinating fig wasps follow a mid‐elevation peak, consistent with fig species richness found in the same transect. The patterns, however, are different according to the host's species distribution. Seed set remained relatively constant along the gradient for all species with some decrease along higher elevations, potentially affecting connectivity along the gradient. As suggested for insects in general, temperature and habitat diversity appear to play a fundamental role in the species richness and abundance of fig wasps.
Leaf‐cutting ants negatively impact the regeneration of the Caatinga dry forest across abandoned pastures
Authors: Knoechelmann Clarissa M. , Oliveira Fernanda M. P. , Siqueira Felipe F. S. , Wirth Rainer , Tabarelli Marcelo , Leal Inara R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms affecting forest regeneration in human‐modified landscapes are attracting increasing attention as tropical forests have been recognized as key habitats for biodiversity conservation, provision of ecosystem services, and human well‐being. Here we investigate the effect of the leaf‐cutting ants (LCA) Atta opaciceps on regenerating plant assemblages in Caatinga dry forest. Our study encompassed 15 Atta opaciceps colonies located in landscape patches with a gradient of forest cover from 8.7% to 87.8%, where we monitored regenerating individuals (seedlings and saplings of woody and herbaceous plants) in different habitats (nests, foraging areas, and control areas) over one year. We recorded 2,977 regenerating plant individuals, distributed among 55 species from 23 families. Herbaceous plants represented 82.1% and 58.2% of the total number of individuals and species, respectively. Species richness of both the whole and herbaceous plant assemblages increased along the forest cover gradient, but without difference between the habitats. Total plant abundance was highest in control areas followed by foraging areas and nests and this pattern held for both woody and herbaceous plants. Although forest cover did not influence the abundance of herbaceous plants and the whole plant assemblage, it positively affects woody plant abundance across control areas. Forest cover and habitat changed species composition of both the entire regenerating and the herbaceous assemblages. These results together indicate that LCA negatively impact regenerating plant assemblages, particularly in those sites with increased forest cover. As LCA proliferate in human‐modified landscapes, they may prevent plant regeneration of disturbed areas.
Analysis of Schedule and Layout Tuning for Sparse Matrices With Compound Entries on GPUs
Authors: Mueller‐Roemer J. S. , Stork A. , Fellner D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLarge sparse matrices with compound entries, i.e. complex and quaternionic matrices as well as matrices with dense blocks, are a core component of many algorithms in geometry processing, physically based animation and other areas of computer graphics. We generalize several matrix layouts and apply joint schedule and layout autotuning to improve the performance of the sparse matrix‐vector product on massively parallel graphics processing units. Compared to schedule tuning without layout tuning, we achieve speedups of up to 5.5 × . In comparison to cuSPARSE, we achieve speedups of up to 4.7 × .
Experiences of trafficked and sexually exploited boys transitioning from shelter programmes into the community: Findings from a longitudinal study
Authors: Cordisco Tsai Laura , Lim Vanntheary , Nhanh Channtha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article explores the perspectives of Cambodian boys who have experienced human trafficking and sexual exploitation on their experiences transitioning out of shelters and re‐entering the community. We used an interpretive phenomenological approach to analyse 81 interviews and narrative summaries of interviews drawn from Chab Dai's 10‐year longitudinal study with survivors in Cambodia (n = 22). Themes included: minimal involvement in planning for re/integration; conflicted feelings about life in the community; challenges completing school and securing employment; importance of community‐based services; unfulfilled expectations; violence in the community; and a desire to return to the shelter.
Cost‐effectiveness of Endoscopic Polypectomy in Clinic compared to Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A modelling study
Authors: Kumar Srishti , Thavorn Kednapa , van Katwyk Sasha , Lasso Andrea , Kilty Shaun J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare costs and quality‐adjusted life years of patients receiving endoscopic polypectomy in the clinic those receiving endoscopic sinus surgery from the perspective of Canada's health system.MethodWe developed a Markov model to simulate costs and quality‐adjusted life years among a cohort of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps who received endoscopic polypectomy in clinic or endoscopic sinus surgery, over a patient's lifetime. Our study focused on patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps who have the predominant symptom of bilateral nasal obstruction. Cost data were obtained from Canadian sources. Health utility values were derived from Sino‐nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores reported in the published literature. A cycle length of six months was used. Both costs and quality‐adjusted life years were discounted using an annual rate of 1.5%. We conducted one‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the study findings.ResultsEndoscopic polypectomy in clinic was a cost‐saving option as it had a lower cost (C$736 vs. C$6,728) and produced more quality‐adjusted life years (13.85 vs 13.06) compared to endoscopic sinus surgery. Our findings were, however, highly sensitive to health utility values. Results from probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that endoscopic polypectomy in clinic had a lower cost and was more effective compared to endoscopic sinus surgery in 99.86% of iterations.ConclusionFrom the perspective of the publicly funded healthcare system, endoscopic polypectomy in clinic was economically attractive compared to endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps patients who have a primary symptom of bilateral nasal obstruction. The cost‐effectiveness results are, however, highly dependent on the relative impact of endoscopic polypectomy in the clinic and endoscopic sinus surgery on post‐surgery health utility values.
Opening the black box: Personalizing type 2 diabetes patients based on their latent phenotype and temporal associated complication rules
Authors: Yousefi Leila , Swift Stephen , Arzoky Mahir , Saachi Lucia , Chiovato Luca , Tucker Allan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt is widely considered that approximately 10% of the population suffers from type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, the impact of this disease is underestimated. Patient's mortality often occurs due to complications caused by the disease and not the disease itself. Many techniques utilized in modeling diseases are often in the form of a “black box” where the internal workings and complexities are extremely difficult to understand, both from practitioners' and patients' perspective. In this work, we address this issue and present an informative model/pattern, known as a “latent phenotype,” with an aim to capture the complexities of the associated complications' over time. We further extend this idea by using a combination of temporal association rule mining and unsupervised learning in order to find explainable subgroups of patients with more personalized prediction. Our extensive findings show how uncovering the latent phenotype aids in distinguishing the disparities among subgroups of patients based on their complications patterns. We gain insight into how best to enhance the prediction performance and reduce bias in the models applied using uncertainty in the patients'
data.
Competition for nectar resources does not affect bee foraging tactic constancy
Authors: Lichtenberg Elinor M. , Richman Sarah K. , Irwin Rebecca E. , Bronstein Judith L. 
Published: March 2020

1. Competition alters animal foraging, including promoting the use of alternative resources. It may also impact how animals feed when they are able to handle the same food with more than one tactic. Competition likely impacts both consumers and their resources through its effects on food handling, but this topic has received little attention.2. Bees often use two tactics for extracting nectar from flowers: they can visit at the flower opening, or rob nectar from holes at the base of flowers. Exploitative competition for nectar is thought to promote nectar robbing. If so, higher competition among floral visitors should reduce constancy to a single foraging tactic as foragers will seek food using all possible tactics. To test this prediction, field observations and two experiments involving bumble bees visiting three montane Colorado plant species (Mertensia ciliata, Linaria vulgaris, Corydalis caseana) were used under various levels of inter‐ and intra‐specific competition for nectar.3. In general, individual bumble bees remained constant to a single foraging tactic, independent of competition levels. However, bees that visited M. ciliata in field observations decreased their constancy and increased nectar robbing rates as visitation rates by co‐visitors increased.4. While tactic constancy was high overall regardless of competition intensity, this study highlights some intriguing instances in which competition and tactic constancy may be linked. Further studies investigating the cognitive underpinnings of tactic constancy should provide insight on the ways in which animals use alternative foraging tactics to exploit resources.
Alteration of free amino acid concentrations in insect galls induced by Andricus mukaigawae (Hymenoptera; Cynipidae)
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Hui , Li Xiang‐Mei , Zhu Dao‐Hong 
Published: March 2020

1. Insect galls are abnormal plant growths that develop in response to a stimulus provided by a galling insect. The nutrition hypothesis suggests that the concentrations of nutritive compounds in galls are changed to provide optimum nutrition for the larvae and adults of galling insects.2. To test the nutrition hypothesis, we determined the concentrations of 20 free amino acids in galls and in galled and ungalled twigs of Quercus fabri during the larval and adult stages of Andricus mukaigawae using high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet–visible detection.3. At the larval stage, the concentrations of 12 out of 20 amino acids in A. mukaigawae galls were significantly higher than those in galled and ungalled twigs. Asparagine and tryptophan were the most abundant nonessential and essential amino acids, respectively, in A. mukaigawae galls.4. At the adult stage, the concentrations of most amino acids, except proline, were significantly lower in A. mukaigawae galls than in galled and ungalled twigs. The A. mukaigawae adults may not manipulate amino acid levels because the adults do not feed on galls. The decrease of amino acid levels in adult galls may be viewed as a depletion.5. The composition of free amino acids in A. mukaigawae galls was significantly different from the composition in galled and ungalled twigs in both the larval and adult stages.6. Our results may support the nutrition hypothesis. We suggest that a high concentration of proline in A. mukaigawae galls may protect larvae and adults from plant defense responses.
Predators weaken prey intraspecific competition through phenotypic selection
Authors: Siepielski Adam M. , Hasik Adam Z. , Ping Taylor , Serrano Mabel , Strayhorn Koby , Tye Simon P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPredators have a key role shaping competitor dynamics in food webs. Perhaps the most obvious way this occurs is when predators reduce competitor densities. However, consumption could also generate phenotypic selection on prey that determines the strength of competition, thus coupling consumptive and trait‐based effects of predators. In a mesocosm experiment simulating fish predation on damselflies, we found that selection against high damselfly activity rates – a phenotype mediating predation and competition – weakened the strength of density dependence in damselfly growth rates. A field experiment corroborated this finding and showed that increasing damselfly densities in lakes with high fish densities had limited effects on damselfly growth rates but generated a precipitous growth rate decline where fish densities were lower – a pattern expected because of spatial variation in selection imposed by predation. These results suggest that accounting for both consumption and selection is necessary to determine how predators regulate prey competitive interactions.
Trade‐offs in soil carbon protection mechanisms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
Authors: Huang Wenjuan , Ye Chenglong , Hockaday William C. , Hall Steven J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOxygen (O2) limitation is generally understood to suppress oil carbon (C) decomposition and is a key mechanism impacting terrestrial C stocks under global change. Yet, O2 limitation may differentially impact kinetic or thermodynamic versus physicochemical C protection mechanisms, challenging our understanding of how soil C may respond to climate‐mediated changes in O2 dynamics. Although O2 limitation may suppress decomposition of new litter C inputs, release of physicochemically protected C due to iron (Fe) reduction could potentially sustain soil C losses. To test this trade‐off, we incubated two disparate upland soils that experience periodic O2 limitation—a tropical rainforest Oxisol and a temperate cropland Mollisol—with added litter under either aerobic (control) or anaerobic conditions for 1 year. Anoxia suppressed total C loss by 27% in the Oxisol and by 41% in the Mollisol relative to the control, mainly due to the decrease in litter‐C decomposition. However, anoxia sustained or even increased decomposition of native soil‐C (11.0% vs. 12.4% in the control for the Oxisol and 12.5% vs. 5.3% in the control for the Mollisol, in terms of initial soil C mass), and it stimulated losses of metal‐ or mineral‐associated C. Solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that anaerobic conditions decreased protein‐derived C but increased lignin‐ and carbohydrate‐C relative to the control. Our results indicate a trade‐off between physicochemical and kinetic/thermodynamic C protection mechanisms under anaerobic conditions, whereby decreased decomposition of litter C was compensated by more extensive loss of mineral‐associated soil C in both soils. This challenges the common assumption that anoxia inherently protects soil C and illustrates the vulnerability of mineral‐associated C under anaerobic events characteristic of a warmer and wetter future climate.