bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing Digital Transformation in Educational Organizations
Authors: Egloffstein Marc , Ifenthaler Dirk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter describes the quantitative approaches for assessing various aspects of digital transformation from the joint research and development project #ko.vernetzt. In an application-oriented case study approach, the operationalization of a maturity model of digital transformation for educational organizations (MMEO) and the design and implementation of a multi-perspective evaluation concept are outlined. While the MMEO provides a state perspective on the digital transformation of an educational organization and its employees, the evaluation concept aims at tracing developments of media-related professional competencies. MMEO has been implemented in a study with N = 222 participants, while N = 59 learners were subject to the evaluation polls. The results provide the necessary evidence for implementing and continuously improving a qualification program in the regarded research context. However, the methodology can also be transferred to other organizations in the education sector and beyond.
Responsible Digital Transformation of Social Welfare Organizations
Authors: Schiffhauer Birte , Seelmeyer Udo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDigitalization will extensively change what kind of social services social welfare states will provide in the future and how these services are delivered. In addition, organization and financing will alter fundamentally. In Germany, a greater part of social services is organized by social welfare organizations. Digitalization will not only change social services, but also social welfare organizations. Until now, systematic concepts about responsible digital transformation for social welfare organizations are missing and there are no models for social welfare organizations to initiate, design and implement social innovation processes. This chapter gives an overview about organizational development and innovation in the context of social services. Further, ideas for a responsible digital transformation of social welfare organizations are provided and illustrated by an example of the social welfare organization: Workers’ Samaritan Federation North Rhine-Westphalia registered association (ASB NRW e.V.).
The Assessment of Judicial Independence Following the CJEU Ruling in C-216/18 LM
Authors: Biernat Stanisław , Filipek Paweł 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the LM ruling, the Court of Justice developed the Aranyosi and Căldăraru test and indicated it as the one to be applied for the assessment of judicial independence and fair trial guarantees in the context of executing European Arrest Warrants. Although serious threats to the rule of law and judicial independence in some EU countries, like Poland, have been documented over recent years, no warrant has so far been definitely rejected as a consequence of the application of the LM test, although there are cases in which the execution of warrants to Poland has been suspended. This naturally raises questions as to whether the mechanism proposed by the Court responds to the need of protecting the right to a fair trial and safeguarding judicial independence. In this contribution we evaluate the mechanism devised by the Court, taking into account the available judicial practice after the LM ruling. We point out that the almost automatic transfer of a mechanism proposed to evaluate the functioning of a prison system to that evaluating a fair trial and judicial independence has not been fully successful. The mechanism proposed by the Court reveals a number of problematic issues and proves to be insufficient and not entirely adequate to assess judicial independence and guarantees of a fair trial.
The Rule of Law, Fair Trial and Human Dignity: The Protection of EU Values After LM
Authors: Dupré Catherine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe 2018 CJEU ruling in LM highlighted the importance of judicial independence for the rule of law and protection of the right to fair trial. In so doing, the judgment raised problematic questions about the relationship between Article 2 values and the EU Charter rights, and their connection with mutual trust. This chapter considers these issues through the lens of human dignity, which is both the first foundational value under Article 2 and the first right in the EU Charter. By discussing how the LM judgment raises the constitutional status of the right to a fair trial, this chapter argues that a focus on human dignity could effectively link Article 2 values with EU Charter rights and facilitate assessment of their respective breach.
The Rule of Law As a Value in the Sense of Article 2 TEU: What Does It Mean and Imply?
Authors: Schroeder Werner 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe rule of law is a value on which the European Union is founded, and which shall be respected and observed by its Member States. This value is not merely an ethical standard but a binding legal principle that is applicable to legal disputes under Union law. The treaties, however, do not provide a definition of this principle. From a Union law perspective, it is therefore indispensable to determine the rule of law more precisely; not only is it referred to in treaty law (Article 2 TEU), but understood by Union courts as a constitutional meta-principle that informs other constitutional norms and may justify review proceedings and sanctions against Member States. The Commission Framework to strengthen the Rule of Law of 2014 does not suffice to shape a ‘Union rule of law’. It relies primarily on the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Yet, this judicial concept of the rule of law is somehow restricted as it focuses almost exclusively on the role of the judicial branch in the Union’s constitutional system. Common European constitutional traditions, however, show that the core concern of the rule of law is the containment of public authority by institutional arrangements. In view of these traditions and the practice of the Union institutions, including the CJEU, consensus at the Union level might be achieved on the fact that the rule of law comprises not only strictly formal standards, but also material criteria of justice related to the juridical shaping of decision-making processes. These elements of the rule of law are intrinsically linked to fundamental rights and shall ensure that within the scope of Union law any public power is exercised in a non-arbitrary and legitimate way. To this end, the Union rule of law may not only be understood as a formal set of objective norms, but as ensuring the protection of individual rights as well.
Ascertaining the ‘Guarantee of Guarantees’: Recent Developments Regarding the Infringement Procedure in the EU’s Rule of Law Crisis
Authors: Schmidt Matthias , Bogdanowicz Piotr 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis chapter builds on an assessment of infringement proceedings in the EU rule of law crisis that we previously published in the Common Market Law Review. We offer a close reading of two recent prominent infringement cases by the European Commission against Poland (cases C-619/18 and C-192/18). Noteworthy advancements in EU law made with them are in particular a clarification on the parallel use of Articles 7 TEU and 258 TFEU, the use of both interim relief and an expedited procedure prior to the judgment, and, as regards the merits, further substance for the functioning of Articles 19 TEU and 47 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights regarding the operationalisation of the rule of law in EU law. We offer a critical assessment of the Court’s findings and contextualise in light of two Commission communications on the rule of law published in 2019.
Diagnostic Approach to Proximal Myopathy
Authors: Almoallim Hani , Albar Hadiel , Mehdawi Fahtima 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPatients with muscle disorders are a diagnostic challenge to physicians, because of the various ways of presentation. A comprehensive approach should be followed systematically in order to reach the correct diagnosis. Weakness is a common symptom among patients including those with central or peripheral nervous systems diseases and those with muscular and/or neuromuscular diseases. Muscle weakness is not only a regular finding in rheumatologic diseases, but in inflammatory myopathies as well. This chapter focuses on skills needed to approach any patient that presents with weakness, specifically proximal myopathy.
Broadband Rotary Joint Concept for High-Power Radar Applications
Authors: Haas Daniel , Thumm Manfred , Jelonnek John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo allow antenna movements in azimuth and elevation in high-power radar applications, rotary joints are essential. They allow the rotation of a transmission line and therefore are important transmission line components. In the present paper, a broadband rotary joint concept for high-power W-band radar applications is proposed. To avoid a twist of the polarization plane of a linearly polarized mode, like HE11, a combination of two broadband polarizer is used. A cross polarization of Xpol ≤ − 20 dB can be achieved within the considered frequency range from 90 GHz to 100 GHz. This corresponds to a suitable value for radar applications.
Monoclonal Gammopathies of ‘Neurological Significance’: Paraproteinemic Neuropathies
Authors: Mani Arun Mathai , Devasia Anup Joseph , Nair Aditya , Benjamin Rohit Ninan , Prabhakar Appaswamy Thirumal , Sivadasan Ajith , Mathew Vivek , Aaron Sanjith , George Biju , Alexander Mathew 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT:Objectives:To study the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with paraproteinemic neuropathy (PPN) and to explore the utility of nerve conduction studies (NCSs) to differentiate between the demyelinating subtypes.Methods:We did a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with PPN between January 2010 and December 2019 in an inpatient setting. The study population consisted of patients above 16 years of age presenting with clinical features suggestive of chronic peripheral neuropathy and on evaluation was found to have PPN.Results:A total of 74 patients were identified. The patients were predominantly in the 6th decade, and the majority were males. The subtypes of PPN were monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (45.9%), POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, and skin changes) (24.3%), solitary plasmacytoma (17.6%), multiple myeloma (8.1%), and AL amyloidosis (4.1%). There are specific features on NCS which can help in identifying POEMS syndrome and IgM MGUS. The majority of patients with PPN tend to stabilize or improve with treatment; however, many have a severe residual disability. New terminology and classification of these entities as ‘monoclonal gammopathies of neurological significance’ can aid in early diagnosis and the development of effective treatment, to prevent residual disability.Conclusion:PPN has a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical, biochemical, and electrophysiological features. NCS can help distinguish POEMS syndrome and IgM MGUS from other demyelinating subtypes.
Order Book Dynamics of Fine Wine Exchange
Authors: Czupryna Marcin , Jakubczyk Michał , Oleksy Paweł 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the order book dynamics on the Liv-ex fine wine exchange. More specifically, by using the order book data, we examine new buy and sell order submissions and cancellations and various factors that may have an effect on the intensity of the trade process on both sides of the market. Our findings indicate the existence of significant relationships between the expected number of bids, offers, or order withdrawals and wine producers, contract type, bottle format, case size, weekday, and age. In particular, the wine age positively affects the buy and sell order submissions, but only up to a certain point, after which the number of orders starts to decrease. (JEL Classifications: D40, G12, G14, L66)
Biodiversity revisited through systems thinking
Authors: Davila Federico , Plant Roel , Jacobs Brent 
Published: January 2021

SummarySystems thinking provides a comprehensive range of theories and methods that are useful for understanding and managing sustainability challenges. Biodiversity conservation is riddled with complex interactions between science, society and myriad interacting systems through temporal and spatial scales. This article presents a synthetic analysis of the history of systems thinking from a genealogical perspective, drawing from hard and soft systems thinking, and resilience and social-ecological systems. Using the anchor point of system leverage points and system characteristics (parameters, feedbacks, design and intent), we employ a diversity of examples to illustrate their relevance to multiple biodiversity related problems. We conclude by illustrating the opportunities for systems thinking to bridge epistemic divides with multiple biodiversity actors working towards conservation outcomes. Systems thinking can support more integrative biodiversity interventions, as they provide a pluralistic set of tools for bridging knowledges and disciplines, which can be useful to create new shared understandings of how to conserve biodiversity.
Pain Relief, Prescription Drugs, and Prosecution: A Four-State Survey of Chief Prosecutors
Authors: Ziegler Stephen J. , Lovrich Nicholas P. 
Published: January 2021

A recurring theme in the debate over adequate pain management is the extent to which physicians’ fear of criminal investigation and prosecution has set up barriers to appropriate dispensing of pain relief to patients. While there have been several studies looking at the regulatory environment and its effect on physicians’ prescribing practices and the treatment of pain, there has been scant research on the probability of investigation or prosecution of physicians who aggressively prescribe opioids for pain management.To understand whether physicians’ fear of investigation or prosecution is based on a realistic assessment of risk, the authors surveyed chief prosecutors in four states (Maryland, Connecticut, Oregon, and Washington), all of which have varying degrees of focus, prosecutorial culture, and regulatory attitudes toward this issue.
Recent Developments in Health Law
Authors: Clark Stacy 
Published: January 2021

In the past several years, the Office of Inspector General (OIG), the branch of the Department of Health and Human Services that combats fraud and abuse, has begun enforcing a little-used provision that allows the government to exclude owners and managers of sanctioned entities based on their position in the company. The OIG's exclusion authority under 42 USC § 1320a-7(b)(15) is not unique in applying strict liability to individual executives as a tool to halt corporate misconduct, but it represents a startling change for health care executives who could now face exclusion for their company's misdeeds. While the OIG has expanded its use of this statute, it has indicated some hesitancy in exercising the full scope of its statutory power.Pursuant to §1128 and §1156 of the Social Security Act, the OIG can exclude individuals and entities from participating in federal healthcare programs. The OIG has both mandatory and permissive exclusion power, based on the circumstances of the offense.
Improvement of hand functions of spinal cord injury patients with electromyography-driven hand exoskeleton: A feasibility study
Authors: Yun Youngmok , Na Youngjin , Esmatloo Paria , Dancausse Sarah , Serrato Alfredo , Merring Curtis A. , Agarwal Priyanshu , Deshpande Ashish D. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We have developed a one-of-a-kind hand exoskeleton, called Maestro, which can power finger movements of those surviving severe disabilities to complete daily tasks using compliant joints. In this paper, we present results from an electromyography (EMG) control strategy conducted with spinal cord injury (SCI) patients (C5, C6, and C7) in which the subjects completed daily tasks controlling Maestro with EMG signals from their forearm muscles. With its compliant actuation and its degrees of freedom that match the natural finger movements, Maestro is capable of helping the subjects grasp and manipulate a variety of daily objects (more than 15 from a standardized set). To generate control commands for Maestro, an artificial neural network algorithm was implemented along with a probabilistic control approach to classify and deliver four hand poses robustly with three EMG signals measured from the forearm and palm. Increase in the scores of a standardized test, called the Sollerman hand function test, and enhancement in different aspects of grasping such as strength shows feasibility that Maestro can be capable of improving the hand function of SCI subjects.
Seesaw conformations of Npl4 in the human p97 complex and the inhibitory mechanism of a disulfiram derivative
Authors: Pan Man , Zheng Qingyun , Yu Yuanyuan , Ai Huasong , Xie Yuan , Zeng Xin , Wang Chu , Liu Lei , Zhao Minglei 
Published: January 2021

Abstractp97, also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP) or Cdc48, plays a central role in cellular protein homeostasis. Human p97 mutations are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting p97 and its cofactors is a strategy for cancer drug development. Despite significant structural insights into the fungal homolog Cdc48, little is known about how human p97 interacts with its cofactors. Recently, the anti-alcohol abuse drug disulfiram was found to target cancer through Npl4, a cofactor of p97, but the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we uncovered three Npl4 conformational states in complex with human p97 before ATP hydrolysis. The motion of Npl4 results from its zinc finger motifs interacting with the N domain of p97, which is essential for the unfolding activity of p97. In vitro and cell-based assays showed that the disulfiram derivative bis-(diethyldithiocarbamate)-copper (CuET) can bypass the copper transporter system and inhibit the function of p97 in the cytoplasm by releasing cupric ions under oxidative conditions, which disrupt the zinc finger motifs of Npl4, locking the essential conformational switch of the complex.
Pollux: A weak dynamo-driven dipolar magnetic field and implications for its probable planet
Authors: Aurière M. , Petit P. , Mathias P. , Konstantinova-Antova R. , Charbonnel C. , Donati J.-F. , Espagnet O. , Folsom C. P. , Roudier T. , Wade G. A. 
Published: January 2021

Context.Pollux is considered as an archetype of a giant star hosting a planet since its radial velocity (RV) presents very stable sinusoidal variations with a period of about 590 d. We then discovered a weak magnetic field at its surface using spectropolarimetry, questioning the planetary hypothesis.Aims.We followed up our investigations on Pollux to characterize its magnetic field and to infer the effects of magnetic activity on the RV variations.Methods.We first used ESPaDOnS at CFHT and then Narval at TBL to obtain StokesIand StokesVspectra of Pollux to study their variations for a duration of 4.25 years, that is, for more than two periods of the RV variations. We used the least-squares deconvolution profiles to measure the longitudinal magnetic field and to perform a Zeeman Doppler imaging (ZDI) investigation.Results.The longitudinal magnetic field of Pollux is found to vary with a sinusoidal behavior and a period similar to that of the RV variations. From the ZDI investigation a rotation period of Pollux is determined to be equal to 660 ± 15 days and possibly different than the period of variations of the RV. As to the magnetic topology, the poloidal component is dominant and almost purely dipolar with an inclination of 10.5° of the dipole with respect to the rotation axis. The mean strength of the surface magnetic field is 0.44 G. Pollux is found approximately as active as the Sun observed as a star and this activity could induce moderate RV variations.Conclusions.As to the origin of the magnetic field of Pollux, we favor the hypothesis that it is maintained through contemporaneous dynamo action. Pollux appears as the representative of a class of slowly rotating and weakly magnetic G-K red giants. To explain the sinusoidal RV variations of Pollux, two scenarios are proposed. If the RV period is different from the rotation period, the observed periodic RV variations are due to the hosted planet and the contribution of Pollux magnetic activity is not significantly detected. In the peculiar case in which the two periods are equal, we cannot discard the possibility that the activity of Pollux could explain the total RV variations and that the planet hypothesis would appear unnecessary. In any case magnetic activity could contribute significantly to RV variations in some intermediate mass G-K red giants hosting planets, particularly those with small amplitude RV variations.
Mitglieder von Sportvereinen: Empirische Befunde zum Wettverhalten und Ausmaß glücksspielbezogener Probleme
Authors: Meyer Johanna , Hayer Tobias 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungInternationale Forschungsergebnisse deuten an, dass sportinteressierte Personen bzw. Mitglieder von Sportvereinen besonders gefährdet sind, glücksspielbezogene Probleme zu entwickeln. Vor diesem Hintergrund verfolgt der vorliegende Beitrag das Ziel, die Ergebnisse einer hierzulande durchgeführten Pilotstudie zu diesem Themenfeld aus dem Jahr 2012 zu replizieren und zu ergänzen. Im Rahmen einer standardisierten Erhebung im Querschnitt wurden in 2019 insgesamt N=317 Mitglieder (87,4% männlich; M=28,1 Jahre) aus Bremer Fußballvereinen in differenzierter Weise zu ihrem Glücksspielverhalten mit dem Schwerpunkt „Sportwetten“ befragt. Während knapp 70% der Stichprobe im letzten Jahr Geld für Glücksspiele (außer Sportwetten) ausgegeben hatten, belief sich die 12-Monats-Prävalenz für eine Teilnahme an Sportwetten auf 54,6%. Am häufigsten wurden dabei Sportwetten im Internet nachgefragt. Soziale Bezüge, wie der Freundeskreis (außerhalb des Vereins) und z. T. auch die eigenen Teammitglieder, spielen sowohl beim Erstkontakt zu Sportwetten als auch bei den Wettaktivitäten an sich eine wichtige Rolle. Schließlich zeigen etwa 10% der Stichprobe Anzeichen einer Glücksspielproblematik, hierunter befinden sich insbesondere Personen mit einem Migrationshintergrund. Damit bestätigt diese Studie nicht nur, dass aktive FußballerInnen im Breitensport eine ausgeprägte Glücksspiel- bzw. Sportwetten-Affinität aufweisen, sondern darüber hinaus auch vermehrt zur Gruppe der ProblemspielerInnen zählen. Zukünftige Präventionsansätze zur Bekämpfung der mit Glücksspielen einhergehenden Suchtgefahren sollten sich daher verstärkt auf das Setting „Sportvereine“ und die dort vorherrschenden Besonderheiten fokussieren.
Fluids
Authors: Carpenter D. Rae , Minnix Richard B. 
Published: January 2021

Commercially available apparatus has base containing linkage to detect deflection of diaphragm due to force on a fixed area. Vessels of various shapes are connected to same base to show dependence on area of base alone. TAP base gently to relieve static friction in linkage.
Antique apparatus shown, available in modern version, allows comparison of static heights when vessels of differing shape and cross section are interconnected.