bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fast Detection Method for Wheat Mould Based on Biophotons
Authors: Yue-hong Gong , Tie-jun Yang , Yi-tao Liang , Hong-yi Ge , Liang Chen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMould is a common phenomenon in stored wheat. First, mould will decrease the quality of wheat kernels. Second, the mycotoxins metabolized by mycetes are very harmful for humans. Therefore, the fast and accurate examination of wheat mould is vitally important to evaluating its storage quality and subsequent processing safety. Existing methods for examining wheat mould mainly rely on chemical methods, which always involve complex and long pretreatment processes, and the auxiliary chemical materials used in these methods may pollute our environment. To improve the determination of wheat mould, this paper proposed a type of green and nondestructive determination method based on biophotons. The specific implementation process is as follows: first, the ultra-weak luminescence between healthy and mouldy wheat samples are measured repeatedly by a biophotonic analyser, and then, the approximate entropy and multiscale approximate entropy are separately introduced as the main classification features. Finally, the classification performances have been tested using the support vector machine(SVM). The ROC curve of the newly established classification model shows that the highest recognition rate can reach 93.6%, which shows that our proposed classification model is feasible and promising for detecting wheat mould.
Roles of signaling compounds and WRKY31 in the defense ofPinus massonianaL. againstDendrolimus punctatus
Authors: Chen Hu , Hu Ying , Liang Xingxing , Xie Junkang , Xu Huilan , Luo Qunfeng , Yang Zhangqi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDendrolimus punctatusis an important pest affecting Masson pine (Pinus massonianaL.) forests and can cause serious economic and ecological losses. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in coping with various environmental stresses. In particular, recent studies have shown that WRKY transcription factors play an important role in plant responses against herbivorous insects. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of these genes in the defense responses ofP. massonianaL. are still unclear. Our previous study provided evidence that WRKY may play an important role in the insect resistance ofP. massonianaL. In this study, application of semiochemicals such as exogenous hormones and Ca2+by spraying increased the concentrations of endogenous hormones, terpenoid synthases, and volatile substances inP. massonianaL. and effectively improved its resistance toD. punctatus. After analyzing the WRKY family ofP. massonianaL., the PmWRKY31 gene was selected and studied. Yeast two-hybrid assays showed that the LP8 gene interacted with PmWRKY31. Fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that after treatment with exogenous hormones and Ca2+, the expression levels of the PmWRKY31 gene, hormonal signal–related genes, and terpene biosynthetic pathway–related genes were significantly increased, whereas the expression of the LP8 gene was decreased. Therefore, the PmWRKY31 and LP8 genes affected downstream gene expression by positively and negatively regulating the hormone signaling pathways, respectively. This result provides theoretical support for the involvement of WRKY transcription factors in the insect resistance ofP. massonianaL. through their regulation of hormone signaling.
Elucidating the viral and host factors enabling the cross-species transmission of primate lentiviruses from simians to humans
Authors: Tebit Denis M. , Nickel Gabrielle , Gibson Richard , Carpenter Crystal , Rodriguez Myriam , Hathaway Nicolas J. , Bain Katie , Reyes-Rodriguez Angel L. , Bonogo Jennifer , Canaday David , McDonald David , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Arts Eric J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe HIV-1 epidemic originated from a cross-species transmission of a primate lentivirus from chimpanzees to humans near the turn of the 18thcentury. Simian immunodeficiency viruses have been jumping between old world monkeys in West/Central Africa for thousands of years. So why did HIV-1 only emerge in the past century? This study examined the replicative fitness, transmission, restriction, and cytopathogenicity of 26 primate lentiviruses. Pairwise competitions of these primate lentiviruses revealed that SIVcpz had the highest replicative fitness in human or chimpanzee peripheral blood mononuclear cells, even higher fitness than HIV-1 group M strains responsible for 37 million infections worldwide. In contrast the “HIV-2 lineage” (SIVsmm, SIVmac, SIVagm, and HIV-2) had the lowest replicative fitness. SIVcpz strains were less inhibited by human restriction factors than the “HIV-2 lineage” strains, a restriction that was inversely correlated with replicative fitness. SIVcpz from the chimpanzee subspeciesPan troglodytes troglodytes(Ptt) was slightly more fit in human cells than the strains fromPt schweinfurthii(Pts). However, unlike all other primate lentiviruses (including the HIV-2 lineage), SIVcpz was nonpathogenic in human tonsillar tissue and did not deplete CD4+ T-cells, consistent with the slow or nonpathogenic disease observed in chimpanzees. Despite the close phylogenetic relationship between SIVcpz_Ptt and HIV-1, this epidemic was either caused by cross species transmission of a rare, undiscovered SIVcpz strain of higher virulence or higher virulence differentially evolved among HIV-1 subtypes during the human epidemic.Author summaryInvasion of wild animal habitats by humans can have devastating consequences for the human population as evident by the HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 epidemics. With SARS-CoV-2, a recent zoonotic jump, likely from bats, will help to identify a coronavirus progenitor. In contrast, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) jumped into humans over 100 years ago from a possibly extinct sub-species of chimpanzees and/or extinct lineage of SIV. We examined replicative fitness and pathogenesis of 26 different primate lentiviruses in human and chimpanzee primary lymphoid cells from blood and within tonsils. SIV from a specific chimpanzee species and lowland gorillas were the most capable of infecting and replicating in human and chimp lymphoid cells but they did not result in the pathogenesis related to disease in humans. In contrast, SIV from other old world monkeys were pathogenic but could not replicate efficiently in human cells. We propose the main HIV-1 is derived from a distinct jump of a very rare SIV strain in chimps leading to AIDS pandemic.
The proficiency of the original host species determines community-level plasmid dynamics
Authors: Kottara Anastasia , Hall James P.J. , Brockhurst Michael A. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTPlasmids are common in natural bacterial communities, facilitating bacterial evolution via horizontal gene transfer. Bacterial species vary in their proficiency to host plasmids: Whereas plasmids are stably maintained in some species regardless of selection for plasmid-encoded genes, in other species, even beneficial plasmids are rapidly lost. It is, however, unclear how this variation in host proficiency affects plasmid persistence in communities. Here, we test this using multispecies bacterial soil communities comprising species varying in their proficiency to host a large conjugative mercury resistance plasmid. Plasmids reached higher community-level abundance where beneficial and when introduced to the community in a more proficient host species. Proficient plasmid host species were also better able to disseminate the plasmid to a wider diversity of host species. These findings suggest that the dynamics of plasmids in natural bacterial communities depend not only upon the plasmid’s attributes and the selective environment, but also upon the proficiency of their host species.
Degradation of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 by tobacco carcinogen-induced Skp2 in lung epithelial cells
Authors: Wang Gui-Zhen , Zhao Qun , Liang Fan , Zhang Chen , Zhang Hui , Wang Jun , Chen Zhen-Yin , Wu Ran , Yu Hong , Sun Bei-Bei , Guo Hua , Feng Ruie , Xu Kai-Feng , Zhou Guang-Biao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn unexpected observation among the COVID-19 pandemic is that smokers constituted only 1.4-18.5% of hospitalized adults, calling for an urgent investigation to determine the role of smoking in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we show that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) increaseACE2mRNA but trigger ACE2 protein catabolism. BaP induces an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent upregulation of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Skp2 for ACE2 ubiquitination. ACE2 in lung tissues of non-smokers is higher than in smokers, consistent with the findings that tobacco carcinogens downregulate ACE2 in mice. Tobacco carcinogens inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein pseudovirions infection of the cells. Given that tobacco smoke accounts for 8 million deaths including 2.1 million cancer deaths annually and Skp2 is an oncoprotein, tobacco use should not be recommended and cessation plan should be prepared for smokers in COVID-19 pandemic.
Carbon dots deposition in adult bones reveal areas of growth, injury and regeneration
Authors: DuMez Rachel , Miyanji Esmail H. , Corado-Santiago Lesly , Barrameda Bryle , Zhou Yiqun , Hettiarachchi Sajini D. , Leblanc Roger M. , Skromne Isaac 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTC-dots synthesized from carbon nanopowder (oxidation, hydrothermal) are particularly attractive theragnostic agents for bone-related injuries and disease due to their bright fluorescence and high binding affinity and specificity for bones, as demonstrated in a larval animal model. Larval bone development, however, is significantly different from the bone growth, repair and regeneration processes occurring in adults. Using adult zebrafish, we investigated C-dots’ interactions with adult skeletal structures. Upon injection, C-dots were observed at the surface of bones, at sites of appositional growth. In regenerating bones, C-dots were observed at the core and on the surface of the bones depending on the age of the tissue. C-dot’s deposition occurred within 30 min of delivery and it was highly selective. Importantly, their deposition did not interfere with bone regeneration or the animal’s health. Together, these properties establish C-dots as novel tools for the diagnostic and treatment of adult bone-related injuries and diseases.
Distinct progenitor behavior underlying neocortical gliogenesis related to tumorigenesis
Authors: Shen Zhongfu , Lin Yang , Yang Jiajun , Jörg David J. , Peng Yuwei , Zhang Xiuli , Xu Yifan , Hernandez Luisirene , Ma Jian , Simons Benjamin D. , Shi Song-Hai 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYRadial glial progenitors (RGPs) are responsible for producing the vast majority of neurons and glia in the neocortex. While RGP behavior and progressive generation of neocortical neurons have been delineated, the exact process of neocortical gliogenesis remains elusive. Here, we report the precise progenitor cell behavior and gliogenesis program at single-cell resolution in the mouse neocortex. RGPs transition from neurogenesis to gliogenesis progressively, producing astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or both in well-defined propensities of 60%:15%:25%, respectively, via fate-restricted “intermediate” precursor cells. While the total number of precursor cells generated by individual RGPs appears stochastic, the output of individual precursor cells exhibit clear patterns in number and subtype, and form discrete local subclusters. Clonal loss of tumor suppressor Neurofibromatosis type 1 leads to excessive production of glia selectively, especially oligodendrocyte precursor cells. These results delineate the cellular program of neocortical gliogenesis quantitatively and suggest the cellular and lineage origin of primary brain tumor.
Holistic face recognition is an emergent phenomenon of spatial integration in face-selective regions
Authors: Poltoratski Sonia , Kay Kendrick , Finzi Dawn , Grill-Spector Kalanit 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpatial processing by receptive fields is a core property of the visual system. However, it is unknown how spatial coding in high-level regions contributes to recognition behavior. As face inversion is thought to disrupt typical ‘holistic’ processing of information in faces, we mapped population receptive fields (pRFs) with upright and inverted faces in the human visual system. In face-selective regions, but not primary visual cortex, pRFs and overall visual field coverage were smaller and shifted downward in response to face inversion. From these measurements, we successfully predicted the relative behavioral detriment of face inversion at different positions in the visual field. This correspondence between neural measurements and behavior demonstrates how spatial integration in face-selective regions enables holistic processing. These results not only show that spatial processing in high-level visual regions is dynamically used towards recognition, but also suggest a powerful approach for bridging neural computations by receptive fields to behavior.
Anticipation of temporally structured events in the brain
Authors: Lee Caroline S. , Aly Mariam , Baldassano Christopher 
Published: October 2020

1AbstractLearning about temporal structure is adaptive because it enables the generation of expectations. We examined how the brain uses experience in structured environments to anticipate upcoming events. During fMRI, individuals watched a 90-second movie clip six times. Using a Hidden Markov Model applied to searchlights across the whole brain, we identified temporal shifts between activity patterns evoked by the first vs. repeated viewings of the movie clip. In many regions throughout the cortex, neural activity patterns for repeated viewings shifted to precede those of initial viewing by up to 15 seconds. This anticipation varied hierarchically in a posterior (less anticipation) to anterior (more anticipation) fashion. We also identified specific regions in which the timing of the brain’s event boundaries were related to those of human-labeled event boundaries, with the timing of this relationship shifting on repeated viewings. With repeated viewing, the brain’s event boundaries came to precede human-annotated boundaries by 1-4 seconds on average. Together, these results demonstrate a hierarchy of anticipatory signals in the human brain and link them to subjective experiences of events.
Novel epigenetic clock for fetal brain development predicts prenatal age for cellular stem cell models and derived neurons
Authors: Steg Leonard C. , Shireby Gemma L. , Imm Jennifer , Davies Jonathan P. , Franklin Alice , Flynn Robert , Namboori Seema C. , Bhinge Akshay , Jeffries Aaron R. , Burrage Joe , Neilson Grant W. A. , Walker Emma M. , Perfect Leo W. , Price Jack , McAlonan Grainne , Srivastava Deepak P. , Bray Nicholas J. , Cope Emma L. , Jones Kimberly M. , Allen Nicholas D. , Pishva Ehsan , Dempster Emma L. , Lunnon Katie , Mill Jonathan , Hannon Eilis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their differentiated neurons (iPSC-neurons) are a widely used cellular model in the research of the central nervous system. However, it is unknown how well they capture age-associated processes, particularly given that pluripotent cells are only present during the earliest stages of mammalian development. Epigenetic clocks utilize coordinated age-associated changes in DNA methylation to make predictions that correlate strongly with chronological age. It has been shown that the induction of pluripotency rejuvenates predicted epigenetic age. As existing clocks are not optimized for the study of brain development, we developed the fetal brain clock (FBC), a bespoke epigenetic clock trained in human prenatal brain samples in order to investigate more precisely the epigenetic age of iPSCs and iPSC-neurons. The FBC was tested in two independent validation cohorts across a total of 194 samples, confirming that the FBC outperforms other established epigenetic clocks in fetal brain cohorts. We applied the FBC to DNA methylation data from iPSCs and iPSC-derived neuronal precursor cells and neurons, finding that these cell types are epigenetically characterized as having an early fetal age. Furthermore, while differentiation from iPSCs to neurons significantly increases epigenetic age, iPSC-neurons are still predicted as being fetal. Together our findings reiterate the need to better understand the limitations of existing epigenetic clocks for answering biological research questions and highlight a limitation of iPSC-neurons as a cellular model of age-related diseases.
A new approach of surfaces registration considering form errors for precise assembly
Authors: Zhang Qiushuang , Jin Xin , Liu Zhihua , Zhang Zhijing , Fang Yan , Zhang Zhongqing , Ledoux Yann 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The modern manufacturing industry has put forward higher requirements for the assembly accuracy of components with the development of the industrial technology. For precision assembly, the traditional assembly process study based on tolerance has had difficulty in meeting these requirements. Hence, the distribution of the form errors must be considered. The registration between the two mating surfaces with form errors determines the parts’ assembly position, and is the basis for the prediction and control of the assembly accuracy. This study aims to provide a new surfaces registration method which takes form errors into consideration.

Design/methodology/approach
This study presents a new registration approach based on the minimum potential energy. A unique set of contact points on mating surfaces that meet the actual conditions can be obtained and the spatial position of the assembled part is calculated.

Findings
The experimental results show that the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental values. Furthermore, the root mean square error is within 2%, which proves the validity and accuracy of the approach.

Originality/value
This paper provides an effective and new method for precision assembly which takes form errors into consideration. The method can give the optimal solution of the contact points, which is more consistent with the actual assembly situation and provides a basis for predicting assembly accuracy.
Assembly kits with variable part physical attributes: warehouse layout design and assignment procedure
Authors: Bortolini Marco , Faccio Maurizio , Gamberi Mauro , Pilati Francesco 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe kitting feeding policy creates kits with the parts of each product to assemble. Each kit contains elements with heterogeneous physical properties imposing heterogeneous logistic facilities and management solutions for storage and handling. The purpose of this paper is to present and apply a two-step procedure to design the part warehouse layout and to assign locations in case of kitting with high-variety part attributes. The proposed procedure aims at reducing the kitting travelled distance, shortening the picker paths, best positioning the components in the warehouse to enhance the possibility of creating kits through a single corridor access. The saturation of the warehouse and the minimization of the required storage space are also considered.Design/methodology/approachStarting from part categorization, the proposed two-step procedure, of general applicability, designs the component warehouse, sizing the corridors (Step 1) before clustering the kits in terms of part commonality and best-assigning clusters to corridors (Step 2) with the goal of reducing the travelled distance and saturating the available storage space.FindingsA comparison model considers the traditional versus the proposed warehouse layout highlighting the potential saving in the picker travelled distance. A case study taken from the harvesting machine agricultural sector exemplifies the applicability and the practical implications of this research.Originality/valueElements of originality are the warehouse design strategy and the assignment model for parts based on their physical attributes and their occurrence in the assembly kits. Finally, the case study taken from industry, with a high number of components and part categories, adds value to the research making the proposed procedure able to address large-scale industrial problems.
In-space structural assembly using predefined performance based method
Authors: Zhang Xianliang , Zhu Weibing , Wu Xiande , Song Ting , Xie Yaen , Zhao Han 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a pre-defined performance robust control method for pre-assembly configuration establishment of in-space assembly missions, and collision avoidance is considered during the configuration establishment process.

Design/methodology/approach
First, six-degrees-of-freedom error kinematic and dynamic models of relative translational and rotational motion between transportation systems are developed. Second, the prescribed transient-state performance bounds of tracking errors are designed. In addition, based on the backstepping, combining the pre-defined performance control method with a robust control method, a pre-defined performance robust controller is designed.

Findings
By designing prescribed transient-state performance bounds of tracking errors to guarantee that there is no overshoot, collision-avoidance can be achieved. Combining the pre-defined performance control method with a robust control method, robustness to disturbance is guaranteed.

Originality/value
This paper proposed a pre-defined performance robust control method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller can achieve a pre-assembly configuration establishment with collision avoidance in the existence of external disturbances.
Rethinking dominant theories used in information systems field in the digital platform era
Authors: Hanafizadeh Payam , Khosravi Bayan , Tabatabaeian Seyed Habibollah 
Published: October 2020

PurposeSelecting an appropriate theory has always remained a critical task for the digital policy researchers. The literature seems to miss providing theoretical accounts of policy view of the digital platforms governance and offering tools for measuring the effectiveness of policies. To this end, this paper aims to provide a critical review and comparison of dominant information systems (IS) theories used. It highlights the weaknesses of these theories to explain technology features and actor- technology interactions with the rising trend of digital platforms. The main argument of this research is that the policymakers will not have adequate tools for policymaking of digital platforms by following the assumptions of theories used dominantly in the IS field.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes the assumptions of dominant IS theories and their applications in the digital policy literature. Then, it shows to what extent these theories are incapable of conceptualizing features of technology and actors’ role in policymaking and governance of digital platforms.FindingsThis paper identifies three aspects of digital platforms, including layered architecture, multisided (“side” means “participants”) and user interaction based, that dominant IS theories have shortcomings in explaining them.Practical implicationsThe findings of this research can help authorities to take a more realistic view in defining digital platform policy objectives and applying more appropriate tools in policy implementation.Originality/valueDiscussing insights into the shortcomings of theories helps to define the theoretical requirements for studying policymaking and governance of digital platforms. It also suggests opportunities and recommendations for future studies.