bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection for lead pollution level of lettuce leaves based on deep belief network combined with hyperspectral image technology
Authors: Sun Jun , Cao Yan , Zhou Xin , Wu Minmin , Sun Yidan , Hu Yinghui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFast detection for heavy metal in vegetables is one of the most important steps to ensure the food safety. A novel method to identify lead pollution levels of lettuce based on hyperspectral image technology was proposed in this study. Firstly, hyperspectral images of lettuce samples cultivated under four lead stress levels (0 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L) were collected using hyperspectral image system. Then, a total of 240 spectra were calculated from region of interest (ROI) in the range of 478–978 nm covering 399 bands. Besides, chemical test showed that the excessive level of lead residues content in lettuce leaves were none, slight, moderate and severe. Moreover, conventional models and deep belief network (DBN) were established to determine the best identification model. The discriminant DBN model reached the highest accuracy with the training set of 100% and test set of 96.67%. Finally, t‐distribution stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) was successful to visualize the feature values in DBN's last hidden layer. This study indicates that it is viable to detect the lead pollution levels of lettuce leaves based on hyperspectral image technology coupled with DBN discriminant model.
Understanding attitudes, concerns, and health behaviors of patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Goodsall Thomas M , Han Sangwoo , Bryant Robert V 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a rapid shift in care delivery models for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, little is known about patient perceptions during this period. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the attitudes, concerns, and health behavior of IBD patients during COVID‐19.MethodsAn online survey was sent to patients from a tertiary IBD Service. The survey included demographic information and questions about the impact of COVID‐19, levels of concern caused by COVID‐19, perceived risk of IBD medications, medication cessation, and care delivery preferences.ResultsOf 97 respondents (39%), 95 (98%) reported concern about the impact of COVID‐19 on their health, and 43% felt their risk of contracting COVID‐19 was above average; 62% reported concern about medication‐induced COVID‐19 risk, and 11% stopped medications because of COVID‐19. Patients considered all medications to increase the risk of COVID‐19 susceptibility and severity; 45% preferred telehealth while 16% preferred face‐to‐face clinic reviews. Preference for IBD monitoring tools in decreasing order was blood testing, stool collection, gastrointestinal ultrasound, magnetic resonance enterography, and then colonoscopy.ConclusionsPatients with IBD are demonstrated to experience concern related to their diagnosis and medications. The insights provided by the survey are informative for a possible “second‐wave” of COVID‐19 and routine care, including acceptance of telemedicine, preference for non‐invasive investigations, and a need for dissemination of information and education.
Assessment of serum synuclein‐γ and squamous cell carcinoma antigen as diagnostic biomarkers in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders
Authors: Chen Leiyu , Luo Ting , Yang Jie , Wang Keying , Liu Shiyu , Wei Yi , Liu Han , Xu Jiang , Zheng Jun , Zeng Yan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical diagnosis and monitoring are crucial to reduce the mortality from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). It has been demonstrated that synuclein‐γ (SNCG) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) are highly expressed in patients with OSCC and perhaps participate in OSCC progression. This study analyzed the levels of serum SNCG and SCCAg in OSCC, OPMD, and control patients, and evaluated the diagnostic and clinical value of single and combined detection of serum SNCG and SCCAg in OSCC and OPMDs.Patients and methodsSerum samples were collected from 197 patients including 87 patients with OSCC, 30 patients with OPMDs, and 80 healthy volunteers as controls. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and statistical analysis were utilized to determine SNCG and SCCAg levels in serum.ResultsThe levels of SNCG and SCCAg in serum were significantly higher in OSCC compared with OPMDs and controls. There was a correlation between SNCG level and ethnicity, and SCCAg was correlated with differentiation. Furthermore, the area under the curves, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of combined detection of SNCG and SCCAg were better than any single detection.ConclusionThe combined detection of SNCG and SCCAg in serum could become a new standard method to distinguish between OSCC and OPMDs and improve diagnostic performance for OSCC.
Current fluid and blood product availability in veterinary setting: a survey of UK small animal practices
Authors: Beeston D. , Charnock J. , Cook S. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate and discuss current fluid and blood products stocked in small animal practices in the UK.MethodsAn online survey was circulated to small animal veterinary practices across the UK. The survey included questions regarding the level of hospital care provided, the type of fluid and blood component products stocked, the most frequently restocked products, and the available options in the event that blood products were required but not stocked.ResultsThere were 423 responses including 27 duplicates. The remaining 396 respondents represented a spectrum of practices including 19 referral practices. Crystalloids were stocked in all practices. Lactated Ringer's solution was the most frequently re‐stocked product in 355 of 396 (90%) of practices. Where synthetic colloids were stocked, gelatin‐based colloids (155/178 [87%]) were stocked in preference to hydroxyethyl starches (23/178 [13%]). Blood products were stocked by 81 of 396 (20%) of practices. If a blood product was required but not stocked, 31% of practices would use a pet blood banking service, 28% would use their own blood donors, and 21% would refer.Clinical SignificanceThis study provides an insight into the fluid and blood products stocked and used by a selection of veterinary practices within the UK and serves as a baseline for ongoing research and decision‐making in both veterinary practice and industry.
Phylogenomics of the hyperdiverse daisy tribes: Anthemideae, Astereae, Calenduleae, Gnaphalieae, and Senecioneae
Authors: Watson Linda E. , Siniscalchi Carolina M. , Mandel Jennifer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAsteraceae account for 10% of all flowering plant species, and 35%–40% of these are in five closely related tribes that total over 10 000 species. These tribes include Anthemideae, Astereae, Calenduleae, Gnaphalieae, and Senecioneae, which form one of two enormous clades within Subfamily Asteroideae. We took a phylogenomics approach to resolve evolutionary relationships among these five tribes. We sampled the nuclear and plastid genomes via HybSeq target enrichment and genome skimming, and recovered 74 plastid genes and nearly 1000 nuclear loci, known as Conserved Orthologous Sequences. We tested for conflicting support in both data sets and used network analyses to assess patterns of reticulation to explain the early evolutionary history of this lineage, which has experienced whole‐genome duplications and rapid radiations. We found concordance and conflicting support in both data sets and documented four ancient hybridization events. Due to the timing of the early radiation of this five‐tribe lineage, shortly before the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event (34 MYA), early lineages were likely lost, obscuring some details of their early evolutionary history.
Using environmental DNA and occupancy modelling to estimate rangewide metapopulation dynamics
Authors: Martel Chad M. , Sutter Michael , Dorazio Robert M. , Kinziger Andrew P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate the power of combining two emergent tools for resolving rangewide metapopulation dynamics. First, we employed environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys to efficiently generate multiseason rangewide site occupancy histories. Second, we developed a novel dynamic, spatial multiscale occupancy model to estimate metapopulation dynamics. The model incorporates spatial relationships, explicitly accounts for non‐detection bias and allows direct evaluation of the drivers of extinction and colonization. We applied these tools to examine metapopulation dynamics of endangered tidewater goby, a species endemic to California estuarine habitats. We analysed rangewide eDNA data from 190 geographically isolated sites (813 total water samples) surveyed from 2 years (2016 and 2017). Rangewide estimates of the proportion of sites that were occupied varied little between 2016 (0.52) and 2017 (0.51). However, there was evidence of extinction and colonization dynamics. The probability of extinction of an occupied site (0.106) and probability of colonization of an unoccupied site (0.085) were nearly equal. Stability in site occupancy proportions combined with nearly equal rates of extinction and colonization suggests a dynamic equilibrium between the 2 years surveyed. Assessment of covariate effects revealed that colonization probability increased as the number of occupied neighbouring sites increased and as distance between occupied sites decreased. We show that eDNA surveys can rapidly provide a snapshot of a species distribution over a broad geographic range and, when these surveys are paired with occupancy modelling, can uncover metapopulation dynamics and their drivers.
Real‐time regional seismic damage assessment framework based on long short‐term memory neural network
Authors: Xu Yongjia , Lu Xinzheng , Cetiner Barbaros , Taciroglu Ertugrul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEffective post‐earthquake response requires a prompt and accurate assessment of earthquake‐induced damage. However, existing damage assessment methods cannot simultaneously meet these requirements. This study proposes a framework for real‐time regional seismic damage assessment that is based on a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) neural network architecture. The proposed framework is not specially designed for individual structural types, but offers rapid estimates at regional scale. The framework is built around a workflow that establishes high‐performance mapping rules between ground motions and structural damage via region‐specific models. This workflow comprises three main parts—namely, region‐specific database generation, LSTM model training and verification, and model utilization for damage prediction. The influence of various LSTM architectures, hyperparameter selection, and dataset resampling procedures are systematically analyzed. As a testbed for the established framework, a case study is performed on the Tsinghua University campus buildings. The results demonstrate that the developed LSTM framework can perform damage assessment in real time at regional scale with high prediction accuracy and acceptable variance.
Lived experience of patients inICUafter cardiac surgery: A phenomenological study
Authors: Albanesi Beatrice , Nania Tiziana , Barello Serena , Villa Giulia , Rosa Debora , Caruso Rosario , Udugampolage Nathasha Samali , Casole Lorenzo , Dellafiore Federica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac surgery (CS) patients spend a significant amount of time in the intensive care unit (ICU). This event can be very overwhelming, with an intense emotional impact, causing vulnerability and a sense of helplessness in patients. Currently, the in‐depth description of the ICU stay experience from a patient's own perspective is little studied, especially in the CS setting and using a qualitative approach in Italy.AimsThis study aimed to describe CS patients' lived experiences.MethodsA qualitative phenomenological study was conducted between October 2018 and December 2019 using the interpretative phenomenological analysis approach.ResultsEleven patients were interviewed during the months after discharge from the ICU. Four main themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews: (a) will not wake up anymore; (b) endless time in ICU; (c) something keeps me from breathing; and (d) “anchor in the storm.” Results confirm the negative experience of patients in the ICU, mainly because of the extubating procedure. Nurses were found to play a key role in decisions, supporting and protecting patients from the psychological stress related to the ICU stay.ConclusionThis is the first study capturing ICU patients' lived experiences after a CS intervention with the use of interpretative phenomenology in Italy. Further investigations are warranted to systematically identify which approaches or strategies are essential to support these patients in the Italian context.Relevance to clinical practiceOur study's results could be useful for tailored care delivery to meet the real needs of Italian patients in the ICU after CS and, consequently, improve the quality of nursing care and patients' outcomes.
Analysis of parental decisions to use orthokeratology for myopia control in successful wearers
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Yang Bi , Liu Longqian , Cho Pauline 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate factors that influence parental decisions to use orthokeratology (ortho‐k) as a myopia control method for their children, and parents’ perspectives during children’s ortho‐k treatment in a hospital setting.MethodsParents/guardians of children wearing ortho‐k lenses for at least six months were required to complete a face‐to‐face survey to investigate the reasons for choosing ortho‐k and their experience of the treatment.ResultsParents/guardians of 128 ortho‐k wearers were recruited from the West China Hospital, Sichuan, China. The majority of the participants (74%) were mothers. Wearers' mean age at the time of the survey was 12.0 ± 2.0 years, with a mean history of ortho‐k lens wear of 20.3 ± 8.0 months. Most participants had learned about ortho‐k through word of mouth (56%) or from ophthalmologists (40%); in China, only ophthalmologists may prescribe ortho‐k. The highest ranked motivation was the rapid progression of their children’s myopia (54%), followed by ophthalmologists’ advice (17%) or participants’ who felt they had obtained enough knowledge (17%) of ortho‐k (Kruskal‐Wallis test, p = 0.002). ‘Effectiveness' was the most common reason that participants decided to use ortho‐k (81%), and potential injury was their major concern (75%). Itchy/sore eye was the most common initial adverse effect experienced with lens wear (22%), while a lost or broken ortho‐k lens was the most frequently reported problem (34%). Parents of older lens wearers were significantly less involved in all procedures (Spearman rank correlation test, all p < 0.001). Most wearers, according to either the participants or the wearers themselves, were willing to wear ortho‐k lenses at treatment commencement (80%), and the most common reason was ‘to avoid having to wear spectacles in the daytime’.ConclusionsThe most powerful motivation for parents to enrol their children in ortho‐k treatment was the rapid progression of myopia. The main reason why participants chose ortho‐k, which most participants learned of by word of mouth, was the effectiveness of the treatment. During use, the most common symptom reported was itchy or sore eyes, but only initially. Children’s willingness to participate is very important for successful ortho‐k treatment; however, their motivation can be quite different from that of their parents. Ortho‐k is a well‐accepted option for myopia control in children.
Evaluating dialysis adequacy: Origins, evolution, and future directions
Authors: Momciu Bogdan , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe expansion and transformation over time of dialysis therapies have been inexorably linked to the concept of adequacy. While initially the goal of dialysis was simple survival of patients until their next treatment, this changed with the publication of the National Cooperative Dialysis Study. It brought about a focus on defining adequate dialysis through measurements of the removal of small solutes, in particular urea. This spurred significant improvements in patient outcomes by standardizing therapy and providing benchmarks for each center to achieve. Over time, however, further research has found this narrow definition of adequacy to be insufficient to encompass the complexities of dialysis therapies. Factors such as residual kidney function (RKF), nutritional and volume status, and cardiovascular control all contribute to the outcomes for dialysis patients. We propose that an optimal definition of adequacy should not only focus on one factor but rather the interconnection and contribution to our patient's individual specific goals and their overall quality of life.
Soil quality assessments in integrated crop–livestock–forest systems: A review
Authors: Valani Gustavo Pereira , Martíni Aline Fachin , da Silva Laura Fernanda Simões , Bovi Renata Cristina , Cooper Miguel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntegrated crop–livestock–forest is a promising strategy to improve soil quality. It comprises four different integrated farming systems: crop–livestock, crop–forest, forest–livestock and crop–livestock–forest. This work systematically reviewed studies about integrated crop–livestock–forest systems and soil quality. A total of 92 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science—Clarivate Analytics platform, and the following information was analysed: publication year, institution, region of the studied site, type of integrated system, soil type, tillage system, maximum soil depth and the soil quality indicators assessed. Most studies were published in the second half of the 2010s. Brazil is a prominent focus of research about soil quality and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems, with significant contribution from its central and southern regions. The Embrapa was the main publishing institution, present in over one‐third of the studies. Crop–livestock was the most common integrated system, Ferralsols was the most common soil group, and most of the studied soils were clayey. No tillage was the main tillage system. Most studies focused on the topsoil, assessing physical and/or chemical soil quality indicators. More emphasis on biological indicators of soil quality is required, as well as assessments integrating biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Future works should compare different integrated systems, including assessments deeper in the soil profile, especially in systems with the forest component, and also in sandy and silty soils. Soil quality indicators that have been rarely used should be further tested. Novel indicators should be added to better understand the promotion of soil quality by integrated crop–livestock–forest systems.
Improvement in Lung Insufflation in Spontaneously Breathing Tracheostomized Patients by Using a New Pulmonary Expansion Device: A Pilot Study
Authors: Quintero Oscar I. , Chavarro Paola A. , Martínez William , García Carlos , Castro Andrés M. , Manzano-Nunez Ramiro , Ospina Gustavo A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lung expansion techniques (LETs) are a key component of pulmonary rehabilitation. Nevertheless, these can be limited in tracheostomized patients because of the infraglottic position of tracheostomy cannulas. We propose a novel pulmonary expansion device (PED) that allows deep inspiration with a postinspiratory pause for a few seconds by means of a unidirectional valve and an occlusion/flow release cap. It is equipped with a relief valve that opens at 60 cm H2O in cases in which this threshold is attained. We aimed to evaluate the impact on lung volume and pressure in spontaneously breathing tracheostomized patients subjected to LETs. A single-arm pilot interventional study was conducted in an adult intensive care unit (ICU), including spontaneously breathing tracheostomized patients. 80 treatments were performed on 10 patients with tracheostomies with PED over a period of 3 months. The maximal inspiratory volume (MIV) was significantly increased by using PED (MIV-PED) at both day 1 (725 (600–820) mL versus 1550 (1250–1700) mL, P &lt; 0.001) and day 3 (870 (750–950) mL versus 1662 (1550–1900) mL, P &lt; 0.001). Inspiratory pause pressure (PIP-PED) did not significantly change from day 1 to day 3 (18 (14–20) cm H2O versus 14 (12–22) cm H2O, P = 0.36). The use of the PED in tracheostomy patients acted as an artificial glottis by performing a novel pulmonary re-expansion maneuver, and increased volumes and intrapulmonary pressure with prolongation of maximum inspiration were achieved.
Hartree-Fock on a superconducting qubit quantum computer
Authors:   Google AI Quantum and Collaborators, Arute Frank , Arya Kunal , Babbush Ryan , Bacon Dave , Bardin Joseph C. , Barends Rami , Boixo Sergio , Broughton Michael , Buckley Bob B. , Buell David A. , Burkett Brian , Bushnell Nicholas , Chen Yu , Chen Zijun , Chiaro Benjamin , Collins Roberto , Courtney William , Demura Sean , Dunsworth Andrew , Farhi Edward , Fowler Austin , Foxen Brooks , Gidney Craig , Giustina Marissa , Graff Rob , Habegger Steve , Harrigan Matthew P. , Ho Alan , Hong Sabrina , Huang Trent , Huggins William J. , Ioffe Lev , Isakov Sergei V. , Jeffrey Evan , Jiang Zhang , Jones Cody , Kafri Dvir , Kechedzhi Kostyantyn , Kelly Julian , Kim Seon , Klimov Paul V. , Korotkov Alexander , Kostritsa Fedor , Landhuis David , Laptev Pavel , Lindmark Mike , Lucero Erik , Martin Orion , Martinis John M. , McClean Jarrod R. , McEwen Matt , Megrant Anthony , Mi Xiao , Mohseni Masoud , Mruczkiewicz Wojciech , Mutus Josh , Naaman Ofer , Neeley Matthew , Neill Charles , Neven Hartmut , Niu Murphy Yuezhen , O’Brien Thomas E. , Ostby Eric , Petukhov Andre , Putterman Harald , Quintana Chris , Roushan Pedram , Rubin Nicholas C. , Sank Daniel , Satzinger Kevin J. , Smelyanskiy Vadim , Strain Doug , Sung Kevin J. , Szalay Marco , Takeshita Tyler Y. , Vainsencher Amit , White Theodore , Wiebe Nathan , Yao Z. Jamie , Yeh Ping , Zalcman Adam 
Published: October 2020

Twelve-qubit quantum computing for chemistryAccurate electronic structure calculations are considered one of the most anticipated applications of quantum computing that will revolutionize theoretical chemistry and other related fields. Using the Google Sycamore quantum processor, Google AI Quantum and collaborators performed a variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) simulation of two intermediate-scale chemistry problems: the binding energy of hydrogen chains (as large as H12) and the isomerization mechanism of diazene (see the Perspective by Yuan). The simulations were performed on up to 12 qubits, involving up to 72 two-qubit gates, and show that it is possible to achieve chemical accuracy when VQE is combined with error mitigation strategies. The key building blocks of the proposed VQE algorithm are potentially scalable to larger systems that cannot be simulated classically.Science, this issue p.1084; see also p.1054