bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of feed forward, Cascade forward and Layer Recurrent Algorithm model for breast cancer prediction
Authors: Rani Dr K SheelaSobana , Anila Dr S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The number of cases of Breast cancer seems to be constantly increasing worldwide in the recent years. According to 2012 world cancer report, the breast cancer incidence rate in Asia appears to be 37.5 and the mortality rate is 13.21. As per the recent statistics report of 2018, it has been estimated that the number of new cases of breast cancer is 14% in India. The percentage is higher when compared to lung cancer, oral cancer and other types of cancers. It has been identified that it occurs mostly in the age group between 41-50 years and the distribution of this is found to be 42%, whereas it is 18%, 24% for the age groups of 31-40 and 51-60 respectively. The five stages of survival include the survival rate of 100%, 98%, 88%, 52%, 16% for each stage respectively. Diagnosis in the early stage can reduce the death rate. Even during the stage 3 if the cancer is predicted, it can be treated. Machine learning using Artificial Neural Network(ANN) techniques can be effectively utilised for the prediction of cancer. In the proposed method, networks designed using various ANN Algorithm are used to predict the breast cancer if it is benign or malignant. Three different networks such as feedforward back prop, Cascade forward and layer recurrent has been implemented. The performance measures such as Accuracy, error, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value are obtained. From the table 2, it is inferred that among these algorithms, feed-forward algorithm has better performance compared to other two algorithms.ANN has been a powerful tool for analyzing the data when there are non-linear interactions between the input and the output to be predicted. The results show that the accuracy of ANN for the prediction was better than other approaches. The Wisconsin breast cancer database has been used for the analysis. The results are very competitive and can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Unusual blue and red luminescence properties of BaO–ZrO2 nanocrystals
Authors: Ahemen I , Kroon R E , Sha’Ato R , Dejene F B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BaO–ZrO2 nanocrystals were synthesized using the chemical bath deposition technique and then subjected to post-synthesis annealing between 500 and 900 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns showed the amorphous structure for as-synthesized sample, while annealed samples show either disordered tetragonal phase or a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic phases at high temperatures. The emission spectrum displays blue emission band for the as-synthesized sample with peak maximum at 434 nm. All annealed samples showed both blue (434 nm) and red (710 nm) emission bands upon excitation at 248 and 360 nm. Samples excited at 310 nm produced only the red emission band centered at 710 nm, which decreased monotonically with increasing temperature and was completely quenched at 900 °C. CIE results show the phosphor is capable of producing blue, red and white light depending on the excitation wavelength chosen and the post-synthesis heat treatment temperature. The synthesized phosphor is cost-effective and can be applied in display and other lighting technologies.
Impact of an innovative partnership in patient care between an academic medical center department of pharmacy and a school of pharmacy
Authors: Vest Mary-Haston , Petrovskis Mary G , Savage Scott W , Pinelli Nicole R , Pappas Ashley L , Morbitzer Kathryn A , Eckel Stephen F , Rhoney Denise H , Rao Kamakshi V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Pharmacy departments and schools of pharmacy have long held professional affiliations. However, the success of each entity is often not interdependent and aligned. In 2010, our institutions found ourselves in a position where the complementary motivations of each aligned to support a more meaningful and committed engagement, leading to the development of the Partnership in Patient Care. The impact of the partnership was evaluated 7 years postimplementation, and both the successes realized and the lessons learned are described.

Summary
The partnership provided many advantages to our pharmacy department and the school of pharmacy. This initial iteration of the partnership was a strong proof of concept that an intentional approach to the relationship between a school of pharmacy and a pharmacy department can lead to substantive improvements in a wide array of meaningful outcomes. We experienced an increase in the number of student rotation months completed, growth in the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists–accredited residency programs, and enhanced clinical services. However, the partnership was not without challenges. For instance, lack of a formalized tracking method made certain outcomes difficult to track.

Conclusion
The purposeful establishment of the Partnership in Patient Care, built on the needs of a school of pharmacy and an academic medical center pharmacy department, allowed our institutions to develop an intertwined mission and vision. Over the initial years of the partnership, many successes were realized and lessons were learned. Both the successes and the challenges are serving as the foundation for future iterations of the partnership.
Genetic structure and biogeographic history of the Bicknell’s Thrush/ Gray-cheeked Thrush species complex
Authors: Fitzgerald Alyssa M , Weir Jason , Ralston Joel , Warkentin Ian G , Whitaker Darroch M , Kirchman Jeremy J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe examined species limits, admixture, and genetic structure among populations in the Bicknell’s Thrush (Catharus bicknelli)–Gray-cheeked Thrush (C. minimus) species complex to establish the geographic and temporal context of speciation in this group, which is a model system in ecology and a high conservation priority. We obtained mitochondrial ND2 sequences from 186 Bicknell’s Thrushes, 77 Gray-cheeked Thrushes, and 55 individuals of their closest relative, the Veery (C. fuscescens), and genotyped a subset of individuals (n = 72) at 5,633 anonymous single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci. Between-species sequence divergence was an order of magnitude greater than divergence within each species, divergence was dated to the late Pleistocene (420 kbp) based on Bayesian coalescence estimation, and a coalescent model (IMa) revealed almost no gene flow between species based on ND2. SNP data were consistent with mitochondrial results and revealed low levels of admixture among species (3 of 37 Bicknell’s Thrushes, no Gray-cheeked Thrushes, and no Veeries were &gt;2% admixed). Species distribution models projected to the Last Glacial Maximum suggest that Bicknell’s Thrush and Gray-cheeked Thrush resided in primarily allopatric refugia in the late Pleistocene, consistent with the genetic data that support reproductive isolation over an extended period of time. Our genetic data suggest that both species underwent demographic expansions, possibly as they expanded out of Pleistocene refugia into their current ranges. We conclude that Bicknell’s Thrush and Gray-cheeked Thrush are 2 distinct species-level lineages despite low levels of Gray-cheeked Thrush introgression in Bicknell’s Thrushes, and divergence has been maintained by a long history of allopatry in subtly different habitats. Their unique phylogeography among boreal forest birds indicates that either cryptic species breaks in eastern North America are still undiscovered, or another factor, such as divergent natural selection, high migratory connectivity, or interspecific competition, played a role in their divergence.
Dynamic Meta-Storms enables comprehensive taxonomic and phylogenetic comparison of shotgun metagenomes at the species level
Authors: Jing Gongchao , Zhang Yufeng , Yang Ming , Liu Lu , Xu Jian , Su Xiaoquan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Motivation
An accurate and reliable distance (or dissimilarity) among shotgun metagenomes is fundamental to deducing the beta-diversity of microbiomes. To compute the distance at the species level, current methods either ignore the evolutionary relationship among species or fail to account for unclassified organisms that cannot be mapped to definite tip nodes in the phylogenic tree, thus can produce erroneous beta-diversity pattern.

Results
To solve these problems, we propose the Dynamic Meta-Storms (DMS) algorithm to enable the comprehensive comparison of metagenomes on the species level with both taxonomy and phylogeny profiles. It compares the identified species of metagenomes with phylogeny, and then dynamically places the unclassified species to the virtual nodes of the phylogeny tree via their higher-level taxonomy information. Its high speed and low memory consumption enable pairwise comparison of 100 000 metagenomes (synthesized from 3688 bacteria) within 6.4 h on a single computing node.

Availability and implementation
An optimized implementation of DMS is available on GitHub (https://github.com/qibebt-bioinfo/dynamic-meta-storms) under a GNU GPL license. It takes the species-level profiles of metagenomes as input, and generates their pairwise distance matrix. The bacterial species-level phylogeny tree and taxonomy information of MetaPhlAn2 have been integrated into this implementation, while customized tree and taxonomy are also supported.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Time spent together and time spent apart affect song, feather colour and range overlap in tinkerbirds
Authors: Kirschel Alexander N G , Nwankwo Emmanuel C , Seal Nadya , Grether Gregory F 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMost studies on the processes driving evolutionary diversification highlight the importance of genetic drift in geographical isolation and natural selection across ecological gradients. Direct interactions among related species have received much less attention, but they can lead to character displacement, with recent research identifying patterns of displacement attributed to either ecological or reproductive processes. Together, these processes could explain complex, trait-specific patterns of diversification. Few studies, however, have examined the possible effects of these processes together or compared the divergence in multiple traits between interacting species among contact zones. Here, we show how traits of two Pogoniulus tinkerbird species vary among regions across sub-Saharan Africa. However, in addition to variation between regions consistent with divergence in refugial isolation, both song and morphology diverge between the species where they coexist. In West Africa, where the species are more similar in plumage, there is possible competitive or reproductive exclusion. In Central and East Africa, patterns of variation are consistent with agonistic character displacement. Molecular analyses support the hypothesis that differences in the age of interaction among regions can explain why species have evolved phenotypic differences and coexist in some regions but not others. Our findings suggest that competitive interactions between species and the time spent interacting, in addition to the time spent in refugial isolation, play important roles in explaining patterns of species diversification.
‘They Tell Me I’m Dangerous’: Incarcerated Mothers, Scandinavian Prisons and the Ambidextrous Penal–Welfare State
Authors: Ystanes Vilde , Ugelvik Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAmbidextrous states can grasp citizens with both the welfare/support-oriented left hand and the punishment/control-oriented right hand. When people go to prison in such contexts, they may simultaneously face punishment and welfare interventions. Based on interviews with six women serving prison sentences in Norway for violence against their own children, this article discusses certain aspects of the prison experience in welfare-state prisons. Their criminal sentences, and the associated stigma and feelings of shame, weighed heavily on these women, but they eventually felt the state’s welfare-oriented left hand was tighter and more punitive than the right hand. This article describes their experiences and strategies in coping with the challenges they faced as prisoners in an ambidextrous state.
The Imperialism of Categories: Concepts and Contexts in Communication for Social Change
Authors: Thomas Pradip Ninan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article is a critique of communication and social change (CSC) theory. It makes a case for re-centring context in theory and practice and for appropriate uses of categories and concepts to the making sense of of situations in the developing world. Based on fieldwork with an indigenous community in South India, the Irulas, the article explores their very specific context on the margins of globalising India and their experience with access to and use of laptops provided by the State government. It argues that David Harvey’s concept ‘Accumulation by Dispossession’ (ABD) ‘travels well’ and can be used to make sense of the contexts of the precariat and in particular, communities such as the Irulas. Based on conversations with theory in CSC it makes a strong case for the need for textured understandings of cultural and social contexts as the basis for CSC interventions.
NADPH oxidase 4 mediates the protective effects of physical activity against obesity-induced vascular dysfunction
Authors: Brendel Heike , Shahid Amna , Hofmann Anja , Mittag Jennifer , Bornstein Stefan R , Morawietz Henning , Brunssen Coy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Physical activity is one of the most potent strategies to prevent endothelial dysfunction. Recent evidence suggests vaso-protective properties of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by main endothelial NADPH oxidase isoform 4 (Nox4) in the vasculature. Therefore, we hypothesized that Nox4 connects physical activity with vaso-protective effects.

Methods and results
Analysis of the endothelial function using Mulvany Myograph showed endothelial dysfunction in wild-type (WT) as well as in C57BL/6J/ Nox4−/− (Nox4−/−) mice after 20 weeks on high-fat diet (HFD). Access to running wheels during the HFD prevented endothelial dysfunction in WT but not in Nox4−/− mice. Mechanistically, exercise led to an increased H2O2 release in the aorta of WT mice with increased phosphorylation of eNOS pathway member AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1). Both H2O2 release and phosphorylation of AKT1 were diminished in aortas of Nox4−/− mice. Deletion of Nox4 also resulted in lower intracellular calcium release proven by reduced phenylephrine-mediated contraction, whilst potassium-induced contraction was not affected. H2O2 scavenger catalase reduced phenylephrine-induced contraction in WT mice. Supplementing H2O2 increased phenylephrine-induced contraction in Nox4−/− mice. Exercise-induced peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (Ppargc1a), as key regulator of mitochondria biogenesis in WT but not Nox4−/− mice. Furthermore, exercise-induced citrate synthase activity and mitochondria mass were reduced in the absence of Nox4. Thus, Nox4−/− mice became less active and ran less compared with WT mice.

Conclusions
Nox4 derived H2O2 plays a key role in exercise-induced adaptations of eNOS and Ppargc1a pathway and intracellular calcium release. Hence, loss of Nox4 diminished physical activity performance and vascular protective effects of exercise.
Comparing treatments to reduce hypothetical bias in choice experiments regarding organic food
Authors: Gschwandtner Adelina , Burton Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHypothetical bias is one of the strongest criticisms brought to stated preference methods. We evaluate and compare the use of Cheap Talk and Honesty Priming as methods to mitigate such bias. Our study analyses the demand for organic food products in the UK, and the results reveal a core of consumers with positive willingness to pay (WTP) for organic. However, when correcting for hypothetical bias, consumers appear to be willing to pay even more for other attributes. Most importantly, the results show that implementing mechanisms to correct for hypothetical bias are efficient to reduce WTP, with Cheap Talk having a higher overall significance than Honesty Priming.
Temporal trends in the incidence, treatment patterns, and outcomes of coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease in the UK, 2006–2015
Authors: Sundaram Varun , Bloom Chloe , Zakeri Rosita , Halcox Julian , Cohen Alexander , Bowrin Kevin , Briere Jean-Baptiste , Banerjee Amitava , Simon Daniel I , Cleland John G F , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Quint Jennifer K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Most reports estimating national incidence rates of coronary (CAD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have focused on stable outpatients or acute or elective hospital admissions, but not on the overall burden of disease. In this study, we report the changing trends in the population-level incidence of CAD and PAD, respectively from 2006 to 2015, statin utilization for secondary prevention and survival outcomes using multiple nationally representative data sources from the UK (primary care encounters, hospital admissions, and procedure-level data).

Methods and results
A nationally representative study of linked primary and secondary care electronic health records of 4.6 million individuals from the UK. We calculated crude and standardized annual incidence rates separately for CAD and PAD. Statin use for secondary prevention, trends in annual major vascular event rates, and mortality between 2006 and 2015, were estimated for CAD and PAD, respectively. We identified 160 376 and 70 753 patients with incident CAD and PAD, respectively. The age- and sex-standardized incidence of CAD was similar in 2006 (443 per 100 000 person-years) and 2015 [436 per 100 000 person-years; adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96–1.00]. In contrast, there was a 15% decline in the standardized incidence of PAD (236 per 100 000 person-years in 2006 to 202 per 100 000 person-years in 2015; adjusted IRR 0.85, 95% CI 0.82–0.88). The proportion of incident CAD and PAD patients prescribed long-term statins, was only 66% and 55%, respectively and was less common amongst women, patients aged &gt;70 years, with heart failure, chronic lung disease, or depression. Cardiovascular mortality declined by 43% for incident CAD (adjusted IRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.50–0.64) between 2006 and 2015 but did not decline for incident PAD (adjusted IRR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70–1.00).

Conclusion and relevance
In the UK, the standardized incidence of CAD appears stable but mortality rates are falling, whereas the standardized incidence of PAD is falling but mortality rates are not.
Risk of hypertension into adulthood in persons born prematurely: a national cohort study
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Preterm birth has been associated with elevated blood pressure early in life; however, hypertension risks from childhood into adulthood remain unclear. We conducted a large population-based study to examine gestational age at birth in relation to hypertension risks from childhood into adulthood.

Methods and results
A national cohort study was conducted of all 4 193 069 singleton live births in Sweden during 1973–2014, who were followed up for hypertension identified from nationwide inpatient and outpatient (specialty and primary care) diagnoses from any health care encounters through 2015 (maximum age 43 years; median 22.5). Cox regression was used to examine gestational age at birth in relation to hypertension risk while adjusting for other perinatal and maternal factors, and co-sibling analyses assessed the potential influence of unmeasured shared familial (genetic and/or environmental) factors. In 86.8 million person-years of follow-up, 62 424 (1.5%) persons were identified with hypertension (median age 29.8 years at diagnosis). Adjusted hazard ratios for new-onset hypertension at ages 18–29 years associated with preterm (&lt;37 weeks) and extremely preterm (22–27 weeks) birth were 1.28 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–1.36] and 2.45 (1.82–3.31), respectively, and at ages 30–43 years were 1.25 (1.18–1.31) and 1.68 (1.12–2.53), respectively, compared with full-term birth (39–41 weeks). These associations affected males and females similarly and appeared substantially related to shared genetic or environmental factors in families.

Conclusions
In this large national cohort, preterm birth was associated with increased risk of hypertension into early adulthood. Persons born prematurely may need early preventive evaluation and long-term monitoring for the development of hypertension.
Magnetic resonance imaging in non-conditional pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Munawar Dian A , Chan Joel E Z , Emami Mehrdad , Kadhim Kadhim , Khokhar Kashif , O’Shea Catherine , Iwai Shinsuke , Pitman Bradley , Linz Dominik , Munawar Muhammad , Roberts-Thomson Kurt , Young Glenn D , Mahajan Rajiv , Sanders Prashanthan , Lau Dennis H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
There is growing evidence that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning in patients with non-conditional cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) can be performed safely. Here, we aim to assess the safety of MRI in patients with non-conditional CIEDs.

Methods and results
English scientific literature was searched using PubMed/Embase/CINAHL with keywords of ‘magnetic resonance imaging’, ‘pacemaker’, ‘implantable defibrillator’, and ‘cardiac resynchronization therapy’. Studies assessing outcomes of adverse events or significant changes in CIED parameters after MRI scanning in patients with non-conditional CIEDs were included. References were excluded if the MRI conditionality of the CIEDs was undisclosed; number of patients enrolled was &lt;10; or studies were case reports/series. 35 cohort studies with a total of 5625 patients and 7196 MRI scans (0.5–3 T) in non-conditional CIEDs were included. The overall incidence of lead failure, electrical reset, arrhythmia, inappropriate pacing and symptoms related to pocket heating, or torque ranged between 0% and 1.43%. Increase in pacing lead threshold &gt;0.5 V and impedance &gt;50Ω was seen in 1.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7–1.8%] and 4.8% (95% CI 3.3–6.4%) respectively. The incidence of reduction in P- and R-wave sensing by &gt;50% was 1.5% (95% CI 0.6–2.9%) and 0.4% (95% CI 0.06–1.1%), respectively. Battery voltage reduction of &gt;0.04 V was reported in 2.2% (95% CI 0.2–6.1%).

Conclusion
This meta-analysis affirms the safety of MR imaging in non-conditional CIEDs with no death or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks and extremely low incidence of lead or device-related complications.