bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Spatial Regression Models in Identifying the Drivers of Forest Structure in the Hyrcanian Forests of Iran
Authors: Alavi Seyed Jalil , Mardanpour Vria , Dormann Carsten F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Understanding the relationships between forest structure, in particular attainable height, and the environment is important for sustainable forest management. Similarly, modeling structural attributes improve our understanding of forest growth dynamics and may identify key drivers of long-term changes in the forest ecosystem. Due to the inherent complexity of these relationships, quantification of some drivers of forest growth is often not available, resulting in spatially auto-correlated errors of the regression model. Methods: To explore the tree height-environment relationships of oriental beech we compared the performance of a standard regression model (multiple linear regression, MLR) to those accommodating a spatial correlation structure, specifically a Generalized Least Squares model with exponential correlation structure (GLS) and three variations of the Simultaneous Autoregressive Model (SAR): the spatial lag model (SLM), the spatial Durbin model (SDM) and the spatial error model (SEM). Across 127 0.1 ha circular sample plots in the primeval World Heritage Hyrcanian Forests of Iran, we collected data on tree height and edaphic and topographic. Within each plot, the height of all trees with DBH ≥ 7 cm was measured. Results: The results showed that SAR and GLS models reduced spatial autocorrelation of model residuals and improved model fit, with both SDM and SEM slightly superior to the SLM in removing spatial autocorrelation in the model residuals. SDM performs better than SEM in terms of RMSE and adjusted R2. Conclusions: Although SAR-based models performed marginally better than GLS, we still recommend GLS for spatial analyses due to their easier implementation and ease-of-use compared to SAR models. However, when the computation time is a concern, SAR-based models can be more useful because of faster execution. Keywords: spatial autocorrelation; Hyrcanian forests; multiple linear regression model; simultaneous autoregressive model; generalized least squares
A prospective observational study to evaluate a simple airway management algorithm in the austere environment using the McCoy laryngoscope
Authors: Perin Daniel , Inoue Gustavo , Campana Camila S. , Carmona Maria J. C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Problems related to inadequate oxygen or ventilation remain an important issue regarding anesthesia care, representing more than 30% of primary airway complications in both North America and United Kingdom. Several guidelines have been proposed since the early 1990's. Although they have had important effects on patient's outcome and survival, it is difficult to identify the optimal guideline. This project prospectively evaluated the success rate of a simple intubation management algorithm with costless and low learning curve equipment.Methods this study included all adult patients (18 years or older) who underwent induction of elective general anesthesia performed by the researchers. A total of 293 patients were included. Their ASA physical status ranged from 1 to 4. After induction of general anesthesia and confirmation of adequate ventilation the algorithm was followed. If ventilation with face mask was impossible or oxygen saturation reached below 90%, the protocol was interrupted. The algorithm was centered on the use of McCoy laryngoscope, "backward, upward and right upward and rightward pressure" BURP maneuver and bougie. All patients were evaluated before the induction of anesthesia. The following characteristics were noted: age, sex, dental status (good, regular and poor, defined by the patients themselves), Mallampati index, personal history of apnea or snoring, mouth opening (mm), body mass index (m2/kg), cervical circumference (cm), previous history of difficult airway, thyromental distance and previous treatment with cervical radiation.Results all patients were successfully intubated following the algorithm.Conclusions this algorithm, centered on the use of McCoy laryngoscope, BURP maneuver and bougie, was able to be used successfully in patients of daily practice with a high success rate.
A case report of COVID-19 virus infection in a patient with hereditary angioedema
Authors: Kanani Amin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: This is the first reported case of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient with hereditary angioedema (HAE) type 1/2. Case presentation: A female with HAE receiving C1 inhibitor prophylaxis had no angioedema attacks when contracting the COVID-19 virus and had a mild clinical course.Conclusions: In this case there was no exacerbation of angioedema with the COVID-19 virus and the mild clinical course could possibly be from receiving C1 inhibitor prophylaxis.
Equity and Elderly Health in India: Reflections from 75th Round National Sample Survey, 2017-18, amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ranjan Alok , R Muraleedharan V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, called coronavirus disease - 2019 (COVID-19), has affected more than 200 countries across the globe with a higher fatality rate in the elderly population. Historical experience shows that the pandemic disproportionately afflicts the socioeconomically disadvantaged population. Aim of the study is to highlight the vulnerability of the aged amidst the current pandemic, in the light of the recent international evidence, and what government could do to mitigate their vulnerability.Methods: Data from the recently released (November 2019) 75 th Round National Sample Survey (NSS), which was conducted from July 2017 to June 2018, across 8077 rural villages and 6181 urban wards was used for this study. Data collected from 555115 individuals (rural: 325232; urban: 229232) included that of 42762 elderly individuals (60 years or above). Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used for the calculation.Results: 27.7 % of elderly reported suffering from any ailment in the last 15 days, whereas 8.5% had hospitalization during the last 365 days. Hospitalization rate was higher in the urban areas (OR: 1.21), general category (OR: 1.18), richest economic quintile (OR: 1.68), and among elderly living alone (OR: 2.05), which was statistically significant. 64% of the scheduled tribe and 51.0% of the poorest income quintile elderly utilized public facilities during hospitalization. Cardiovascular ailments were major cause for hospitalization (18.1%) and outpatient visit (32.0%) in the elderly. Diabetes and hypertension together constituted 55% of outpatient visit for the elderly. 18.9% of the elderly has health insurance though chances of facing catastrophic health expenditure was high in the elderly. 6.6% of elderly female and 1.6% male live alone, and 27.5% of elderly of age 80 years or above are immobile. 50% of male and 90% of female are financially dependent on others and more so in poorer economic quintiles.Conclusions: The vulnerability of India’s elderly increases across various equity dimensions which include the place of residence, gender, caste, marital status, economic quintile, living arrangements, surviving children, and economic dependence. The current COVID-19 pandemic poses a greater risk of social isolation among the elderly, which may lead to detrimental health impact.Trial Registration: No applicable since the study is based on secondary data.
P-V-T equation of state of hydrous phase A up to 10.5 GPa
Authors: Yang Cuiping , Inoue Toru , Kikegawa Takumi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) data of synthetic Mg7Si2O8(OH)6 phase A were collected under P-T conditions up to ~10.5 GPa and 900 K by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction using a cubic type multi-anvil apparatus, MAX80, located at the Photon Factory–Advanced Ring (PF-AR) at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK). P-V EoS using only room-temperature data yielded V0 = 511.6(2) Å3, KT0 = 106.8(18) GPa, and pressure derivative KT′ = 3.88(38). These parameters were consistent with the subsequent equation of state (EoS) analysis. The compressibility of phase A was anisotropic, with its a-axis being ~26% more compressible than the c-axis, which is normal to the plane of the distorted close-packed layers. A fit of the present data to the high-temperature Birch-Murnaghan EoS yielded V0 = 511.7(3) Å3, K0 = 104.4(24) GPa, K′ = 4.39(48), (∂KT/∂T)P = –0.027(5) GPa K–1, and thermal expansion α = a + bT with values of a = 2.88(27) × 10–5 K–1 and b = 3.54(68) × 10–8 K–2. The lattice dynamical approach by the Mie-Grüneisen-Debye EoS yielded θ0 = 928(114) K, q = 2.9(10), and γ0 = 1.19(8). The isobaric heat capacity CP of phase A at 1 atm. was calculated based on the Mie-Grüneisen-Debye EoS fit of present P-V-T data. In addition, the density profiles of subducting slabs with different degrees of serpentinization were also calculated along the cold geotherm up to ~13 GPa. The serpentinization of subducting slab will significantly lower the density of slab at shallower depth; however, this effect becomes negligible when antigorite dehydrates to phase A. Because the phase A bearing subducting slab is supposed to be denser than the surrounding mantle, the water can transport into deeper parts of the upper mantle and the transition zone.
Partition behavior of platinum-group elements during the segregation of arsenide melts from sulfide magma
Authors: Piña Rubén , Gervilla Fernando , Helmy Hassan , Fonseca Raúl O.C. , Ballhaus Chris 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Evidence of immiscibility between arsenide and sulfide melts has been observed both in experimental studies and natural samples from several localities worldwide (e.g., Ronda, Spain; Beni Bousera, Morocco; Dundonald Beach South, Canada). Platinum-group elements (PGE) have shown to have a strong affinity for arsenide melts, but little is known about their partitioning behavior between arsenide and sulfide melts. In this study, we experimentally determine the partition coefficients of PGE (Pt, Pd, Ir, Ru, and Os) between both types of melt in As-saturated sulfide systems doped with trace amounts of PGE. Results show that all PGE display a strong preference to the arsenide melt with DPGEAs/sulf melts ranging from 20 to 2700, with Ir and Pt showing a marked preference for arsenide melts. These partition coefficients values are similar to estimates made from natural samples and demonstrate that the separation of arsenide melts from sulfide magmas can be an efficient mechanism to scavenge PGE from magmas and to fractionate Os, Ru, and Pd from Pt and Ir.
Effects of small crystallite size on the thermal infrared (vibrational) spectra of minerals
Authors: Hamilton Victoria E. , Haberle Christopher W. , Mayerhöfer Thomas G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe thermal infrared (TIR, or vibrational) emission spectra of a suite of synthetic Mg-Fe olivines exhibit notable differences from their natural igneous counterparts in terms of their band shapes, relative depths, and reduced shifts in some band positions with Mg-Fe solid solution. Comparable reflectance spectra acquired from olivine-dominated matrices and fusion crusts of some carbonaceous chondrite meteorites exhibit similar deviations. Here we show that these unusual spectral characteristics are consistent with crystallite sizes much smaller than the resolution limit of infrared light. We hypothesize that these small crystallites denote abbreviated crystal growth and also may be linked to the size of nucleation sites. Other silicates and non-silicates, such as carbonates, exhibit similar spectral behaviors. Because the spectra of mineral separates are commonly used in the modeling and analysis of comparable bulk rock, meteorite, and remote sensing data, understanding these spectral variations is important to correctly identifying the minerals and interpreting the origin and/or secondary processing histories of natural materials.
Construction of rural water ecological civilization index system in China
Authors: Li Yanbin , Li Hongxing , Li Daoxi , Zhang Zezhong , Feng Ya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Water ecological civilization is an important component and basic guarantee of ecological civilization. With the comprehensive development of ecological civilization in China, the practice of water ecological civilization village construction has been carried out one after another. The establishment of an evaluation index system of rural water ecological civilization is an important step in the construction of rural water ecological civilization from the theoretical stage to the practical application stage. Based on China's rural water conditions, this study constructed an evaluation index system, including 21 evaluation indicators of seven subsystems: water security, water environment, water ecology, water management, water landscape, water culture, and regional characteristic indicators. The indicator weights are determined by the analytic hierarchy process, a set-pair analysis model is established, and typical rural were selected for instance verification. The results show that the evaluation index system of rural water ecological civilization is reasonable, and the comprehensive evaluation model is also feasible.
Drugs Repurposing in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Torralba Manuel , Farra Rossella , Maddaloni Marianna , Grassi Mario , Dapas Barbara , Grassi Gabriele 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Ovary Carcinoma (OC) is the most lethal gynecological neoplasm
due to the late diagnoses and to the common development of resistance to platinum-based
chemotherapy. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently required. In this regard, the
strategy of drug repurposing is becoming attractive. By this approach, the effectiveness of a
drug originally developed for another indication is tested in a different pathology. The advantage
is that data about pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity are already available. Thus, in
principle, it is possible to reduce research costs and to speed up drug usage/marketing.

Results:
Here, some noticeable examples of repurposed drugs for OC, such as amiodarone,
ruxolitinib, statins, disulfiram, ormeloxifenem, and Quinacrine, are reported. Amiodarone, an
antiarrhythmic agent, has shown promising anti-OC activity, although the systemic toxicity
should not be neglected. The JAK inhibitor, Ruxolitinib, may be employed particularly in coadministration
with standard OC therapy as it synergistically interacts with platinum-based
drugs. Particularly interesting is the use of statin which represent one of the most commonly
administered drugs in aged population to treat hypercholesterolemia. Disulfiram, employed in
the treatment of chronic alcoholism, has shown anti-OC properties. Ormeloxifene, commonly
used for contraception, seems to be promising, especially due to the negligible side effects.
Finally, Quinacrine used as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drug, is able to downregulate
OC cell growth and promote cell death.

Conclusion:
Whereas further testing in patients are necessary to better clarify the therapeutic
potential of repurposed drugs for OC, it is believed that their use, better if combined with OC
targeted delivery systems, can significantly contribute to the development of novel and effective
anti-OC treatments.
Bis-dihydroisoxazolines: Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, Antimicrobial Evaluation, and DNA Photocleavage Assay
Authors: Kaur Manvinder , Yusuf Mohamad , Malhi Dharambeer Singh , Sohal Harvinder Singh 
Published: July 2020

Aim and Objective:
Isoxazole is an active core found in many drugs. The aim of this work was to synthesize
bis-isoxazoline compounds and to analyze the effect of linker chain length on biological activities.

Material and Methods:
A simple, convenient, and efficient method for the conversion of bischalcones to new
bis(4,5-dihydroisoxazole) derivatives was developed by using hydroxylamine hydrochloride under basic medium.
Synthesized moieties were also evaluated for their antimicrobial potencies and DNA photocleavage assay.

Results and Discussion:
The synthesized compounds were more active than their chalcone precursors and the
long-chain linkers (4e&4f) were more potent in antimicrobial, as well as in DNA photocleavage activity.

Conclusion:
It was found that many of the tested bischalcones and bis-isoxazolines exhibited moderate to significant
antimicrobial activity against various strains. Furthermore, the present study also provides significant information
and interesting outcomes regarding cyclization, increasing the length of linker chains, and their effects
on the DNA photocleavage and antimicrobial activities.
Manufacture of the Functional Noodle and its Effects on Postprandial 2h-blood Glucose and Serum Lipid Levels of Subjects with IGT
Authors: Kim Yong-Taek , Jo Zong-Do , Pang Hung-Mun , Paek Chan-Ok , Mun Chang-Sok 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The earliest determinant of progression to type 2 diabetes is a loss of early
insulin secretion, a defect which results in postprandial hyperglycemia and is often believed to reflect
insulin resistance. In Asian countries including our country, noodle is the traditional food which has
been eaten from ancient times and is taken one or two times a day. The functional noodle is a staple
meeting nutritional requirements for the prevention and treatment of Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT).

Methods:
FNs were prepared using the noodle making machine according to Barak et al. with slight
modifications. After giving FNs prepared by three mixing ratios of main materials to the IGT-induced
rats for 30 days, the levels of postprandial 2h-blood glucose in all experimental groups and control
group were measured to determinate the optimal mixing ratio of FN. After the IGT subjects in experimental
group ate 200g of FN (dried weight) in exchange for a lunch for 60 days, the levels of postprandial
2h-blood glucose and of TG and TC in serum were measured to compare with that in the control
group who had not undergone control in their diet.

Results:
After 30 days of experiment, the levels of postprandial 2h-blood glucose in rats of pl group 4
were lowest. The levels of postprandial 2h-blood glucose in the control group that most of them had
not undergone control in their diet were increased, but that in experimental group who had taken FN
decreased from 30 days of experiment to be significantly different after 60 days. The concentrations of
serum TC and TG of IGT subjects in the experimental group were decreased compared with that in the
control group, but significance among two groups was achieved only in the concentration of serum
TC.

Conclusion:
FN made in the 4:3:3 ratio of powder of corn, powder of bean cake defatted and powder
of peeled whole potato is more effective to decrease the levels of postprandial 2h-blood glucose. FN is
a staple type of functional food that could be used for the treatment of IGT.
A Comparison of Traffic Flow Performance of Roundabouts and Signalized Intersections: A Case Study in Nigde
Authors: Demir Hatice G. , Demir Yusuf K. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Intersections affect the safety and capacity of urban traffic. Therefore, the design and selection of the type of intersection need to be made very carefully. According to the demand level, a different intersection can be designed. Signalized intersections are one of the intersection types in which the sequence and duration of the flow at the intersection are provided by the lights. Generally, this type of intersection is used on roads with high traffic volume. Modern roundabouts are one of the types of circular intersections that provide advantages over other types of intersection in terms of smooth operation and safety. Modern roundabouts exist in several types today worldwide. In practice, the distinction about the kinds of roundabouts would not be fully clarified; as a result, queuing and delay can be seen as negative effects.

Methods:
In this study, to make a distinction and clarify the kinds of roundabouts, first, the roundabouts types are introduced according to geometric and operational aspects. A signalized intersection, where a circular island is placed and also signalized, was investigated in terms of capacity, delay, and emissions located in Niğde. The traffic flow performance of the current state (nested signalized roundabout) was calculated with HCM Method (for signalized intersection) using SIDRA and compared with roundabout solutions of the intersection with HCM6 (for roundabout) method using SIDRA Intersection analysis software.

Results:
From the results of the intersection capacity analysis study based on HCM6, it was seen that the application of a roundabout scenario (intersection considered as a modern roundabout) showed higher performance at the intersections than the intersection having a secondary signal. Capacity increased to 67.8%, the average delay decreased to 72.8% and 95th percentile queue dropped to 82.2%.

Conclusion:
Roundabout controlling instead of a nested signal system can be an example of the increase in the performance of traffic flow. This highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate roundabout design.
Improvement in Ethanol Yield from Lignocellulo-Starch Biomass using Saccharomyces cerevisiae alone or its Co-culture with Scheffersomyces stipitis
Authors: Mithra Madhanamohanan G. , Padmaja Gouri 
Published: July 2020

Background:Literature on ethanol production from Lignocellulo-Starch Biomass (LCSB) containing starch besides cellulose and hemicellulose, is scanty. Fed-Batch Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation (F-SHF) was earlier found more beneficial than Fed-Batch Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (F-SSF).Objective:The study aimed at modification of the saccharification and fermentation strategies by including a prehydrolysis step prior to the SSF and compared the ethanol yields with co-culture fermentation using hexose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae and pentose-fermenting Scheffersomyces stipitis.Methods:Fed-batch hybrid-SSF and Fed-Batch Separate Hydrolysis and Co-culture Fermentation (F-SHCF) in improving ethanol yield from Steam (ST) or Dilute Sulfuric Acid (DSA) pretreated LCSBs (peels of root and vegetable crops) were studied.Results:There was a progressive build-up of ethanol during F-HSSF up to 72h and further production up to 120h was negligible, with no difference among pretreatments. Despite very high ethanol production in the initial 24h of fermentation by S.cerevisiae under F-SHCF, the further increase was negligible. A rapid hike in ethanol production was observed when S. stipitis was also supplemented because of xylose conversion to ethanol.Conclusion:While ST gave higher ethanol (296-323 ml/kg) than DSA under F-HSSF, the latter was advantageous under F-SHCF for certain residues. Prehydrolysis (24h; 50°C) enhanced initial sugar levels favouring fast fermentation and subsequent saccharification and fermentation occurred concurrently at 37°C for 120h, thus leading to energy saving and hence F-HSSF was advantageous. Owing to the low hemicellulose content in LCSBs, the relative advantage of co-culture fermentation over monoculture fermentation was not significant.