bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four-dimensional Frequency–Wavenumber Power Spectrum of a Strong Turbulence Obtained from Hybrid Kinetic Simulations
Authors: Markovskii S. A. , Vasquez Bernard J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We carry out three-dimensional hybrid kinetic simulations of a strong decaying turbulence. The turbulence is initiated with a seed spectrum that includes Alfvén wave modes at low wavenumbers. From the temporal and spatial distribution of the simulation output in the quasi-steady phase, we calculate a four-dimensional frequency–wavenumber spectrum of the turbulence. Our analysis shows that kinetic Alfvén waves can be identified in the wavenumber–frequency space in the vicinity of the seed turbulence spectrum. They produce a power peak consistent with a linear dispersion relation. However, further away from the seed spectrum, where most of the wave–particle interaction takes place, the signature of the Alfvén modes disappears among other fluctuations that are not described by any dispersion relations. Furthermore, at higher wavenumbers at which the signature is still identifiable, its frequency broadening becomes comparable to the frequency itself. Therefore, the use of linear waves based on the conventional dispersion relation is not necessarily justified to describe the turbulence if their signature is still present and even more so when it disappears. We find that at larger rms amplitudes of the turbulence, the signature of the dispersion relation is confined to lower parallel wavenumbers. In the range where it is visible, the frequency broadening becomes greater at larger amplitudes. This suggests that stronger nonlinearity makes the fluctuations behave less like wave modes until the conventional wave-mode approach is no longer valid.
Do Afterglow Synchrotron Radiations Follow the Lp,iso–Ep,z–Γ0 Relation of Gamma-Ray Bursts? The Cases of GRBs 190114C, 130427A, and 180720B
Authors: Huang Xiao-Li , Liang En-Wei , Liu Ruo-Yu , Cheng Ji-Gui , Wang Xiang-Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bimodal spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow of GRBs 190114C, 130427A, and 180720B confirm that they are originated from the synchrotron emission (Syn) and synchrotron self-Compton scattering (SSC) process of electrons accelerated in the jets. The radiation mechanism and the physics of the observed spectrum-luminosity/energy relations of GRBs remain as open questions. By extracting the Syn component through fitting their early afterglow SEDs with the Syn+SSC model, we find that their luminosity (L
syn), peak energy (E
p,syn,z), and the Lorentz factor of the afterglow fireball (Γ
t
) follow the L
p,iso–E
p,z–Γ0 relation of prompt gamma rays, where L
p,iso is the isotropic luminosity, E
p,z is the peak energy of the

spectrum in the burst frame, and Γ0 is the initial Lorentz factor of the fireball. To examine whether late afterglows are consistent with this relation, we calculate the synchrotron component at late afterglows. It is found that they also follow the same L
p,iso–E
p,z–Γ0 relation, albeit they are not consistent with the L
p,iso–E
p,z relation. Our results may imply that the L
p,iso–E
p,z–Γ0 relation would be a universal feature of synchrotron radiations of electrons accelerated in GRB jets throughout the prompt and afterglow phases among GRBs. Its origin is not fully understood, and possible explanations are briefly discussed.
Polychaetes (Annelida) associated with macroalgae and coral reefs at a protected tropical island from the Atlantic coast
Authors: Costa Dimitri , Prata Jessica , Christoffersen Martin 
Published: November 2020

Polychaetes are typical marine invertebrates in the macroalgae and coral reefs environments, with a particular emphasis on tropical waters. In this study, 44 specimens were collected, belonging to 10 families, 13 genera and 13 species, among which the families Nereididae (with three species) and Amphinomidae (two spp.) were the most representative. The species Terebella plagiostoma (10 individuals), Ceratonereis singularis (9) and Eurythoe complanata (9) were the most abundant.
This work represents the first study of polychaetes performed at the Morro de São Paulo region (Tinharé Island), a protected island from Northeast Brazil (state of Bahia). The samples (algae in the fringing reef ecosystems) were collected in 2015, at low tide in the intertidal to shallow subtidal zones. The species Hyboscolex longiseta Schmarda, 1861 is reported here for the first time in the South Atlantic Ocean. The errant polychaetes predominated at the collected samples (61.36% of the total abundance). These numbers evidence how little we know about coastal marine invertebrate fauna in Brazil and indicate the need for further sampling, especially on protected islands.
Contributions to the knowledge of water bugs in Mindoro Island, Philippines, with a species checklist of Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera)
Authors: Pelingen Arthien Lovell , Zettel Herbert , Pangantihon Clister , Aldaba Kyra Mari Dominique , Fatallo Earl Kevin , de Leon Jemillie Madonna , Freitag Hendrik 
Published: November 2020

This survey aims to provide an updated species checklist of aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs in the intra-Philippine biogeographic Region of Mindoro. An assessment survey of water bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) was conducted mostly by manual collection in selected areas of Oriental Mindoro from 2017 to 2018, in which some of the collecting activities were undertaken by graduate students of Ateneo de Manila University.Twenty-nine aquatic and semi-aquatic heteropteran species were documented and some are known island-endemic species or subspecies, includingEnithares martini mindoroensisNieser &amp; Zettel, 1999,Hydrotrephes stereoides mindoroensisZettel, 2003,Aphelocheirus freitagiZettel &amp; Pangantihon, 2010,Rhagovelia mindoroensisZettel, 1994,Rhagovelia raddaiZettel, 1994,Rhagovelia potamophilaZettel, 1996 andStrongylovelia mindoroensisLansbury &amp; Zettel, 1997, which were found in new areas in the Region. In addition, there are also new records for the Island that have already been documented in other parts of the Philippines, such as the Philippine-endemicOchterus magnusGapud &amp; San Valentin, 1977 andHebrus philippinusZettel, 2006 and the widely-distributed backswimmersAnisops nigrolineatusLundblad, 1933 andAnisops rhomboidesNieser &amp; Chen, 1999. Several undescribed specimens and potentially new species are also discussed in this paper. Further surveys in the other parts of Mindoro and in the other regions of the Philippines, are encouraged to produce a comprehensive baseline data of heteropteran species richness in the country.
Study of the performance of disinfection with sodium hypochlorite on a full-scale sewage treatment plant
Authors: Boni Maria Rosaria , Copelli Sabrina , Raboni Massimo 
Published: November 2020

A full-scale sewage treatment plant was investigated to assess the performance of the disinfection stage. Sodium hypochlorite was used as a disinfectant agent and the process efficiency was evaluated by E.coli removal. The research took place over a period of two years in order to evaluate the effect of retention time (t) and residual chlorine (Cr) under different seasonal conditions. The effectiveness of E.coli removal with sodium hypochlorite proved to be strictly dependent on the factor CR t (product of residual chlorine with the contact time). The regression line of the experimental points was, on the whole, well comparable with the model proposed by Collins, especially in the field of CRt lower than 30 mg L-1 min.
Impact of bendiocarb 80% WP indoor residual spraying on insecticide resistance status of Anopheles arabiensis
Authors: Abate Alemayehu , Getu Emana , Wale Melaku , Hadis Mamuye , Mekonen Wubegzier 
Published: November 2020

Long term and wide use of indoor residual sprays augments the selection of insecticide resistance genes. The development of insecticide resistance in an insect population depends up on the volume and frequency of sprays against them and the inherent characteristics of the insect species. However, despite its use for decades, the effect of residual sprays on the status of insecticide resistance of malaria vectors is unknown in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of bendiocarb 80% WP indoor residual spraying on insecticide resistance status of An. arabiensis in Bahir Dar Zuria District, Northwest Ethiopia. Susceptibility of An. arabiensis was examined against different insecticides using 2-3-day old female mosquitoes following WHO insecticide susceptibility test procedures. Test results were calculated according to WHO bioassay test protocol. Chi-square test was used to determine the significance level of differences between years and study sites. Susceptibility of An. arabiensis to fenitrothion, pirimiphosmethyl and propoxur was 100% in both study villages for three successive years. Resistance to bendiocarb was suspected after two years (2015) in Andassa, but not in Tikurit. Mortality and knock down due to DDT significantly increased from 2013 to 2015 at Tikurit (knock down: χ2 = 117.9, P<.0001 and mortality: χ2 = 66.3, P<.0001; due to deltamethrin, knock down: χ2 = 7.3, P=.004 and mortality: χ2 = 37.8, P<.0001). The same was true at Andassa (due to DDT, knock down: χ2 = 198.7, P<.0001 and mortality: χ2 = 82.9, P<.0001; due to deltamethrin, knock down: χ2 = 26.1, P<.0001 and mortality: χ2 = 48.2, P<.0001). Bendiocarb was effective against the An. arabiensis for two years under bendiocarb IRS operation so that alternative insecticides with different mode of action should be replaced every two to three years to prolong its efficacy.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA DIVERSIDAD ARBÓREA EN ÁREAS DEGRADADAS DE LA COMUNIDAD QUIMISEN JIPIJAPA, MANABÍ, ECUADOR
Authors: Cabrera Verdesoto Cesar Alberto , Julio Moreira Bonilla Kevin , Nolasco Ramírez Huila Wagner , Gras Rodríguez René , Virginia Tapia Zúñiga Mónica 
Published: November 2020

La presente investigación se ejecutó dentro del marco del proyecto "Conservación y manejo sostenible del bosque seco tropical en el marco de la implementación de medidas de adaptación al cambio climático basado en ecosistemas”, fomentado por el Fondo Ítalo-Ecuatoriano para el Desarrollo Sostenible (FIDES), en conjunto con la carrera de Ingeniería Forestal de la UNESUM; con el enfoque de enriquecer o recuperar los bosques, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la diversidad arbórea en las áreas degradadas de la comunidad Quimis; para el registro de datos se identificaron zonas boscosas degradadas en las cuales fueron establecidas 23 parcelas donde se identificó y recolectó muestras botánicas de cada una de las especies presentes dentro de las parcelas, con la información obtenida se identificó la composición arbórea y realizó un análisis de diversidad utilizando el índice de Shannon-Weaver, encontrándose 769 individuos, 14 familias arbóreas, 21 géneros y 21 especies; según el Índice de Valor de Importancia Ecológica las especies forestales de menor potencial prioritario para la restauración ecológica fueron: Capparicordis crotonoides, Machaerium millei y Gallesia integrifolia y las 18 especies restantes son consideradas de prioridad media.
EVALUACIÓN DE CUATRO TIPOS DE SUSTRATOS PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE PLÁNTULAS DE PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA L) EN FASE DE VIVERO EN EL CANTÓN JIPIJAPA, PROVINCIA DE MANABÍ.
Authors: Vera Velázquez Raquel , Castro Landín Alfredo Lesvel , Alfredo Valverde Lucio Yhony , Eduardo Choez Jesús 
Published: November 2020

La investigación evaluación de cuatro tipos de sustratos para la producción de plántulas de papaya (Carica Papaya l) en fase de vivero en el cantón Jipijapa, provincia de Manabí, tuvo como objetivos identificar el mejor sustrato para la producción de plántulas de papaya (Carica papaya l); evaluar los componentes del desarrollo vegetativo de las plántulas en los diferentes sustratos e influencia del sustrato en la germinación y sobrevivencia de las plántulas en la fase de vivero. La metodología permitió utilizar un diseño experimental completamente aleatorio y las variables evaluadas fueron comportamiento morfológico de las plántulas (diámetro del tallo número de hojas y altura de la planta) cada siete días. Los resultados permitieron concluir que la dinámica por contenido y textura de calidad dentro de los cinco tratamientos favoreciendo al tratamiento T3= 50% tierra negra, 25% arena y 25% compost con 94 %, brindando buena germinación y excelente comportamiento morfológico de las plántulas (diámetro del tallo) al tratamiento T4= 50% tierra negra, 20% arena y 30% humus con promedio de 2,89 mm y número de hojas fue el T5=50% tierra negra, 20% arena y 30% compost con 8,03 y altura de la planta) T5=50% tierra negra, 20% arena y 30% compost, con 11,41 cm y con tendencia baja del tratamiento T1 testigo con el contenido del 100% de tierra negra por su poca capacidad de porosidad insidio al micro clima generando una enfermedad que perjudico a las plántulas.
Palestinian NGO Sector: Development & Major Characteristics
Authors: Awashreh Raed 
Published: November 2020

This article examines the situation of Palestinian NGOs before 2012 through a review over the NGO sector and their regulation, governance and relationship to various stakeholders that the sector is expected to be accountable for. This article sheds light on Palestinian organizations to classify the sector's vulnerability. It also sheds some light on the multiple factors behind the contentious relationship between NGOs and public authorities on the one hand, and between NGOs and the general public on the other hand. The article uses a combination of a quantitative and qualitative methodology and mixed data collection methods from primary and secondary sources for the purposes of clarifying the governance situation of NGOs. The controversy surrounding Palestinian NGOs are because of their motivation, agendas and sources of funds. One of the factors that increases the suspicion is the fact that its board of directors and its director intrude from the Palestinian public and withhold information from them. In the period referred to, the Palestinian Authority closes organizations that support Islamic view and liquidates their resources, while tens of new PA supporter’s organizations have created, receives financial support from the PA., and others emerged that were established for personal purposes, maintaining a relationship with the current of power, and the legal framework and governance framework for NGOs remained left on the shelf and used for opponents/ one major finding is that the NGOs sector is able to serve the and helps in fulfulling public needs and strategic national interests if they choose to despite the changes in the national political situations and the pressures imposed from the authorities and donors. The study contributes positively to the understanding of NGOs as a sector. Its clafry the challanages and the weaknesses of the NGO sector and call for more foucs on seving public needs.
Suitable Planting Density for Chaiya Rice using Parachute Planting Method
Authors: RATTANADET Waranthon , CHOENGTHONG Suchart 
Published: November 2020

The effect of planting density on growth and grain yield of Chaiya rice using parachute planting was examined at Pathum Thani Rice Research Center, from September 2014 to January 2015. The particular objective was to examine the suitable planting density when parachute planting was applied. Five densities of Chaiya rice seedlings were thrown similar to parachuting. Those densities were 22,400, 30,720, 38,400, 48,000 and 56,320 clumps per rai (1 rai = 0.16 ha). Pre-heading growth varied greatly among densities; this variation was partly related to the number of tillers, lower densities having more tillers per clump than higher densities, respectively. The relationship between tiller number and plant height was not similar. The heights of rice at densities of 22,400, 30,720, 38,400, 48,000 clumps per rai were not significantly different within the group but these were significantly different with the planting density of 56,320 clumps per rai.
Low densities promote head development as the number of heads per clump was higher than those of high densities in most densities. No significant effect of density on filled-grain and unfilled-grain per head. Seed weight per clump showed significant difference between densities except between those of 38,400 and 48,000 clumps per rai. Grain yield varied among densities. Chaiya rice with 22,400 clumps per rai had the highest yield at 786.38 kg per rai. However, it was not significantly different from yields of rice at densities of 30,720 and 38,400, clumps per rai. However, the grain yield of rice planted at 48,000 and 56,320 clumps per rai was significantly lower than that of 22,400 clumps per rai. It is concluded that there was a consistent effect of plant density on growth and yield of Chaiya rice using parachute planting.
Factors Predicting Stress among Nurses in the Situation of Unrest of the Four Southern Border Provinces of Thailand
Authors: CHOOWICHIAN Nidarat , THAPINTA Darawan , SETHABOUPPHA Hunsa , THUNGJAROENKUL Petsunee 
Published: November 2020

Stress is a significant health problem among nurses working in areas of political unrest and war. It can pose a negative impact on local health systems. This study aimed to explore the relationship of factors and their ability to predict stress. Factors included the severity of the situation of unrest, sense of coherence, commitment, self-efficacy, and social support that exists among nurses in these situations. The subjects were 300 nurses selected by multi-stage random sampling. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The results indicated that the severity of the situation of unrest was positively significantly associated with stress among nurses at a high level (r = .527, p < .01) and sense of coherence (r = - .272, p < .01) was negatively significantly associated with stress among nurses at a low level.The severity of the situation of unrest, sense of coherence, and social support together predicted 32.2 % of the variance in stress among nurses. The severity of the situation of unrest was the most significant predictor of stress (27.7 %), followed by sense of coherence (3.4 %) and social support (2.1 %). Two factors associated with stress were the severity of the situation of unrest and sense of coherence, and three factors that predicted stress among nurses were the severity of the situation of unrest, sense of coherence, and social support. The findings can be used as basic data for nursing administrators to plan actions to prevent and deal with stress among nurses in situations of unrest by focusing on such predicting factors.
What can we learn from Tamás Varga’s work regarding the arithmetic-algebra transition?
Authors: Szanyi Gyöngyi , Jánvári Zsuzsanna 
Published: November 2020

Tamás Varga’s Complex Mathematics Education program plays an important role in Hungarian mathematics education. In this program, attention is given to the continuous “movement” between concrete and abstract levels. In the process of transition from arithmetic to algebra, the learner moves from a concrete level to a more abstract level. In our research, we aim to track the transition process from arithmetic to algebra by studying the 5-8-grader textbooks and teacher manuals edited under Tamás Varga's supervision. For this, we use the appearance of “working backward” and “use an equation” heuristic strategies in the examined textbooks and manuals, which play a central role in the mentioned process.
Subject Classification: 97-01, 97-03, 97D50
Inquiry based mathematics education and the development of learning trajectories
Authors: Artigue Michèle , Bosch Marianna , Doorman Michiel , Juhász Péter , Kvasz Ladislav , Maass Katja 
Published: November 2020

This article is based on the panel on inquiry based mathematics education and the development of learning trajectories held at the VARGA 100 Conference. After an introduction presenting the theme and organization of the panel, this article focuses on the diversity of conceptualizations of inquiry based education existing today in mathematics education and their influence on the vision and development of learning trajectories. More precisely, it considers the conceptualizations respectively associated with Realistic Mathematics Education, Genetic Constructivism, Tamás Varga’s educational approach and the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic, presented by the panellists, and also shows the efforts undertaken in European projects to reach consensusal visions.
Subject Classification: 97C30Q, 97D10, 97D20, 97D30, 97D40, 97D50
Diabetes-Related Major and Minor Amputation Risk Increased During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Casciato Dominick J. , Yancovitz Sara , Thompson John , Anderson Steven , Bischoff Alex , Ayres Shauna , Barron Ian 
Published: November 2020

Background: Along with significant case transmission, hospitalizations, and mortality experienced during the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, there existed a disruption in the delivery of health care across multiple specialties. We studied the effect of the pandemic on inpatients with diabetic foot problems in a Level I trauma center in central Ohio.
Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients necessitating a consultation by the foot and ankle surgery service were reviewed from the first 8 months of 2020. A total of 270 patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into prepandemic (n = 120) and pandemic groups (n = 150). Data regarding demographics, medical history, severity of current infection, and medical or surgical management were collected and analyzed.
Results: The odds of undergoing any level of amputation was 10.8 times higher during the pandemic versus before the pandemic. The risk of major amputations (below-the-knee or higher) likewise increased, with an odds ratio of 12.5 among all patients in the foot and ankle service during the pandemic. Of the patients undergoing any amputation, the odds for undergoing a major amputation was 3.1 times higher than before the pandemic. In addition, the severity of infections increased during the pandemic, and a larger proportion of the cases were classified as emergent in the pandemic group compared to the prepandemic group.
Conclusions: The effect of the pandemic on the health-care system has had a deleterious effect on people with diabetes mellitus (DM)–related foot problems, resulting in more severe infections and more emergencies, and necessitating more amputations. When an amputation was performed, the likelihood that it was a major amputation also increased.