bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Magnesium Stearate Presence and Variability on Drug Apparent Solubility Based on Drug Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Zarmpi P. , Flanagan T. , Meehan E. , Mann J. , Fotaki Nikoletta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExcipients are major components of oral solid dosage forms, and changes in their critical material attributes (excipient variability) and/or amount (excipient variation) in pharmaceutical formulations may present a challenge for product performance. Understanding the biopharmaceutical factors affecting excipient performance is recommended for the successful implementation of excipient variability on Quality by Design (QbD) approaches. The current study investigated the impact of magnesium stearate (MgSt) variability on the apparent solubility of drugs with a wide range of physicochemical properties (drug ionization, drug lipophilicity, drug aqueous solubility). Compendial and biorelevant media were used to assess the role of gastrointestinal (GI) conditions on the excipient effects on drug apparent solubility. The lipophilic nature of MgSt decreased the apparent solubility of most compounds. The reduction in drug apparent solubility was more pronounced for highly soluble and/or highly ionized drugs and in presence of more highly crystalline or smaller particle size MgSt. The use of multivariate data analysis revealed the critical physicochemical and biopharmaceutical factors and the complex nature of excipient variability on the reduction in drug apparent solubility. The construction of a roadmap combining drug, excipient and medium characteristics allowed the identification of the cases where the presence of excipient or excipient variability may present risks for oral drug performance.
Chromogranin Serves as Novel Biomarker of Endocrine and Gastric Autoimmunity
Authors: Ebert Antonia , König Jochem , Frommer Lara , Schuppan Detlef , Kahaly George J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
The glycoprotein chromogranin A (CgA) is expressed by endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. High levels of serum CgA serve as markers of neuroendocrine tumors (NET), but its role in autoimmunity has not been assessed.

Objective
To investigate CgA utility as a marker of endocrine autoimmunity.

Methods
CgA serum levels were evaluated in 807 consecutive unselected participants (cross-sectional study) with the time-resolved amplified cryptate emission technology.

Results
Serum CgA concentrations were increased in 66%, 39%, 38%, and 24% of patients with NET, type 1 diabetes (T1D), autoimmune gastritis (AG) and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (AP), respectively. Compared with healthy participant controls (C), the odds of positive CgA measurement were up to 28 times higher in the disease groups. In detail, the odds ratios (ORs) for positive CgA levels were 27.98, 15.22, 7.32 (all P &lt; 0.0001) and 3.89 (P = 0.0073) in patients with NET, T1D, AG, and AP, respectively. In AG, CgA and serum gastrin correlated positively (r = 0.55; P &lt; 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to predict AG was higher for parietal cell antibody (PCA) positivity than for CgA (0.84 vs 0.67; P &lt; 0.0001). However, in combination with PCA and intrinsic factor autoantibodies, CgA independently improved prediction of AG (OR 6.5; P = 0.031). An impact of age on CgA positivity and on CgA value was detected (P &lt; 0.0001) while current smoking significantly increased CgA serum levels by 25% (P = 0.0080).

Conclusion
CgA qualifies as a novel biomarker for T1D, AP, and AG.
Excess Morbidity Persists in Patients With Cushing’s Disease During Long-term Remission: A Swedish Nationwide Study
Authors: Papakokkinou Eleni , Olsson Daniel S , Chantzichristos Dimitrios , Dahlqvist Per , Segerstedt Elin , Olsson Tommy , Petersson Maria , Berinder Katarina , Bensing Sophie , Höybye Charlotte , Edén-Engström Britt , Burman Pia , Bonelli Lorenza , Follin Cecilia , Petranek David , Erfurth Eva Marie , Wahlberg Jeanette , Ekman Bertil , Åkerman Anna-Karin , Schwarcz Erik , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss , Johannsson Gudmundur , Ragnarsson Oskar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Whether multisystem morbidity in Cushing’s disease (CD) remains elevated during long-term remission is still undetermined.

Objective
To investigate comorbidities in patients with CD.

Design, Setting, and Patients
A retrospective, nationwide study of patients with CD identified in the Swedish National Patient Register between 1987 and 2013. Individual medical records were reviewed to verify diagnosis and remission status.

Main Outcomes
Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using the Swedish general population as reference. Comorbidities were investigated during three different time periods: (i) during the 3 years before diagnosis, (ii) from diagnosis to 1 year after remission, and (iii) during long-term remission.

Results
We included 502 patients with confirmed CD, of whom 419 were in remission for a median of 10 (interquartile range 4 to 21) years. SIRs (95% CI) for myocardial infarction (4.4; 1.2 to 11.4), fractures (4.9; 2.7 to 8.3), and deep vein thrombosis (13.8; 3.8 to 35.3) were increased during the 3-year period before diagnosis. From diagnosis until 1 year after remission, SIRs (95% CI were increased for thromboembolism (18.3; 7.9 to 36.0), stroke (4.9; 1.3 to 12.5), and sepsis (13.6; 3.7 to 34.8). SIRs for thromboembolism (4.9; 2.6 to 8.4), stroke (3.1; 1.8 to 4.9), and sepsis (6.0; 3.1 to 10.6) remained increased during long-term remission.

Conclusion
Patients with CD have an increased incidence of stroke, thromboembolism, and sepsis even after remission, emphasizing the importance of early identification and management of risk factors for these comorbidities during long-term follow-up.
The Chamorro Creation Story, Guam Land Struggles, and Contemporary Poetry
Authors: Perez Craig Santos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis essay focuses on the creation story of the Indigenous Chamorro people from the western Pacific Island of Guam. The essay presents and analyzes the deeper meaning of the story of Puntan and Fu’una as they birth the island of Guam and the Chamorro people. Moreover, it maps the history of Catholic missionization that displaced and replaced the Chamorro creation story. The essay covers the related issue of how colonization removed Chamorros from their ancestral lands and appropriated these lands for imperial, military, tourism, and urban development. Then it highlights the decades-long struggle of Chamorro activists to reclaim the land. Lastly, it turns to contemporary Chamorro poetry to illustrate how authors have revitalized and retold the story of Puntan and Fu’una to critique and protest the degradation of Chamorro lands and to advocate for the protection and return of the land.
Stories, Language, and the Land
Authors: Savageau Cheryl 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
When I listen to the old stories, I am struck by the attention the Ancestors gave to the world around them, and how that informs the old stories, how the Ancestors were reading the Land. The Land, for us, is epistemologically and ontologically primary. That is to say, we know what we know and we know who we are through the Land. We know what we know because the Ancestors paid attention and put it into stories. And through that attention to the Land, we know who we are because we recognize that our life is the life of the Land, the Forest—the lakes, rivers, swamps, ocean, and further, that they are all alive, all persons. I am Alnôbak, an Abenaki woman—Aben-aki, Dawn Land. Our name describes us as the Land we are part of.
A Central Sierra Miwok Origins Story
Authors: Cowell Andrew 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article examines an Indigenous origins narrative from central California. The text is an oral narrative about the theft of the sun by Coyote, recorded in the Central Sierra Miwok language. The article presents a formal analysis of the structure, language, and poetics of the text from the perspective of ethnopoetics, focusing on structural and lexical metaphors developed for describing the pathway of the sun. It then offers reflections on the ethnogeography and worldview presented in the text, linking it to Penutian migrations from the western Great Basin into central California’s Sierra Nevada several thousand years ago. The article also provides a general contextualization of the themes of the text in relation to California and western North American coyote stories and origins stories more generally.
Effect of External Magnetic Field on Hybrid Supercapacitors of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene with Magnetic Metal Oxides
Authors: Fite Misganu Chewaka , Rao Jhan-Ying , Imae Toyoko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this report, nitrogen-, boron- and boron/nitrogen-doped graphene and nitrogen-doped carbon nanohorn were prepared. Electrochemical analysis has shown the higher capacitance performance of the nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) electrode, because nitrogen provides free valence electron to interact with electrolyte. Then magnetic metal oxides were in situ hybridized to a nitrogen-doped graphene to produce magnetic metal oxide/NG hybrid materials, and the electrochemical measurements of the prepared hybrid material electrodes were conducted without and with the external magnetic field (8.98 mT at the inflection point) of using a Helmholtz coil. The specific capacitance took an increasing order of NiO/NG (697 F/g, 747 F/g) &lt; Co3O4/NG (963 F/g, 1092 F/g) &lt; Fe3O4/NG (973 F/g, 1254 F/g) in an external magnetic field of (0 mT, 8.98 mT) at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. Although these electrodes displayed high capacitance and better charge/discharge profile, cycle retention (83 to 92% under no magnetic field) was not necessarily good or it fluctuated under 8.98 mT. These behaviours by the addition of magnetic metal oxides and external magnetic field are due to the electrical conductivity of metal oxides and the Lorentz force effect of the magnetic field, respectively. Thus, it can be confirmed that Fe3O4/NG hybrid has higher potential as a magnetic material electrode for supercapacitors and the magnetic field enhances the capacitance.
Krytyka ujęć modelowych wielokulturowości
Authors: Paleczny Tadeusz 
Published: May 2020

Model Multiculturalities. A Critical Approach
The article includes an overview of the factors and reasons for the crisis of ideology and multicultural policy. This crisis is reflected in the concepts and theories describing and explaining the mechanisms and processes of shaping multicultural civil societies. The consequence of this tendency is the growing criticism of the existing models of integration, assimilation and cultural pluralism, undertaken by supporters of populist, nationalistic and conservative concepts. The article focuses mainly on the characteristics of the negative consequences of migration, transculturation and cultural universalization. The article also aims to put forward preliminary general theses on the grounds of criticism of scientific models of multiculturalism.
Zmieścić się w ramach
Authors: Weychert Monika 
Published: May 2020

To Stay within the Range. Three Attempts to Define Contemporary Roma Art in Poland
The concept of contemporary Roma art was introduced into the critical apparatus of aesthetics by Timea Junghaus in 2007, when she curated Paradise Lost, the first Roma Pavilion at the Venice Biennale, an unprecedented act and a strong political statement. It is therefore more intriguing than ever to observe attempts to redefine the idea of „contemporary Roma art”. A single exhibition – Kali Berga, one event, the same group of artists and the same set of artworks has inspired two contradictory concepts: Wojciech Szymański anticipated the concept of „post-Roma art”, while Anna Mirga-Kruszelnicka came up with the idea of the „art of the Roma”. As a cultural expert, I analyse the conceptualisation process of the phenomenon of contemporary Roma art.
Główne kategorie myśli politycznej Richarda Hookera
Authors: Musiewicz Piotr 
Published: May 2020

The Main Categories of Richard Hooker’s Political Thought
This article outlines the main philosophical and political issues of this late-Tudor Anglican divine. Hooker’s ideas, developed in Of the Laws of Eccclesiastical Polity, provide some atypical answers to typical questions about the state and itsconnection with the church. The first issue presented is the nature of law and reason: Hooker’s approach bears a strong resemblance to St. Thomas Aquinas’ thought here. We can also observe the naissance of a theory of a “social contract”, as society enters an agreement to nominate a governor over them. Hooker seems to be applying this theory to both the origins of the state and of the church. Indescribing the role of tradition in law-making, Hooker can be called the pioneer of the Conservative doctrine. We shall indicate the role of the Revelation in Hooker’s outlook and his polemics with the Puritans here. Finally, we will come to Hooker’s criticism of the theory of two powers, his favour of monism and its historical proponents, and to his arguments for the royal supremacy in England.
“The Coming Event!”
Authors: Lencznarowicz Jan 
Published: May 2020

John Dunmore Lang’s Vision for an Independent Australia
John Dunmore Lang, the Scottish Presbyterian clergyman who settled in Sydney in 1823, until his death in 1878 played an important role in the religious, political and cultural life of New South Wales and helped to create two new colonies: Victoria and Queensland. His writings as much as his political and educational activities significantly contributed to the rise of early Australian nationalism. Lang envisaged a great future of a federal Australian republic – the United Provinces of Australia. Drawing on Lang’s books, pamphlets and his articles and speeches published in the colonial and metropolitan press, this paper analyses the religious, ideological, political and economic ideas that led him to present and espouse the cause of the future America of the Southern Hemisphere.The focus is on the fundamental political and social principles on which Lang wanted to establish the independent Australian nation. The paper also discusses planned political institutions, as well as expected or desired social and economic
Informed Trading with a Short-Sale Prohibition
Authors: Lenkey Stephen L. 
Published: May 2020

Using a rational expectations equilibrium framework, I evaluate the effects of a short-sale prohibition in an economy with asymmetrically informed investors who are identical except for their information sets. Relative to an economy in which short selling is permitted, the financial market is less informationally efficient under a short-sale ban even when the ban is not binding. This alters the risk-sharing environment and leads to an increase in information acquisition. Additionally, a short-sale prohibition increases market depth. Imposing a cost on short selling instead of a strict prohibition yields similar results. Novel empirical implications are identified. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Upper limb extravasation of cytotoxic drugs: Results of the saline washout technique in children
Authors: Mas Virginie , Simon Anne Laure , Presedo Ana , Mallet Cindy , Ilharreborde Brice , Jehanno Pascal 
Published: May 2020

Purpose Extravasation of cytotoxic vesicant drugs is a surgical emergency (within six hours) since this incident can lead to severe skin and soft-tissue damage. Outcomes after the saline washout procedure have been extensively described in adults, but rarely in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of early saline washout procedure for upper limb cytotoxic drug extravasation in children. Methods All consecutive children with vesicant drug extravasation were retrospectively reviewed. The saline washout procedure was performed. Cosmetic aspect, residual pain and range of movement were analyzed as well as time to surgery and chemotherapy resumption at last follow-up. Results Between 2014 and 2018, 13 cytotoxic vesicant drug extravasations occurred (mean age 8 years (sem 5)), including 11 treated by the saline washout procedure. At mean follow-up of 11 months (sem 7), the patients had no or low pain and ranges of movement were fully conserved. Two patients (one within the six hours’ delay) had soft-tissue necrosis leading to extensive reconstructive surgery. Conclusion The saline washout procedure is safe and easy and significantly reduces the incidence of extensive skin damage. Early referral to a specialized department is essential. However, the key parameter remains prevention by educating medical staff and nurses about these injuries and by training them for early and urgent management. Level of Evidence IV
Ottawa classification for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia assessment of interobserver and intraobserver reliability
Authors: Bali K. , Smit K. , Ibrahim M. , Poitras S. , Wilkin G. , Galmiche R. , Belzile E. , Beaulé P. E. 
Published: May 2020

Aims The aim of the current study was to assess the reliability of the Ottawa classification for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia. Methods In all, 134 consecutive hips that underwent periacetabular osteotomy were categorized using a validated software (Hip2Norm) into four categories of normal, lateral/global, anterior, or posterior. A total of 74 cases were selected for reliability analysis, and these included 44 dysplastic and 30 normal hips. A group of six blinded fellowship-trained raters, provided with the classification system, looked at these radiographs at two separate timepoints to classify the hips using standard radiological measurements. Thereafter, a consensus meeting was held where a modified flow diagram was devised, before a third reading by four raters using a separate set of 74 radiographs took place. Results Intrarater results per surgeon between Time 1 and Time 2 showed substantial to almost perfect agreement among the raters (κappa = 0.416 to 0.873). With respect to inter-rater reliability, at Time 1 and Time 2 there was substantial agreement overall between all surgeons (Time 1 κappa = 0.619; Time 2 κappa = 0.623). Posterior and anterior rating categories had moderate and fair agreement at Time 1 (posterior κappa = 0.557; anterior κappa = 0.438) and Time 2 (posterior κappa = 0.506; anterior κappa = 0.250), respectively. At Time 3, overall reliability (κappa = 0.687) and posterior and anterior reliability (posterior κappa = 0.579; anterior κappa = 0.521) improved from Time 1 and Time 2. Conclusion The Ottawa classification system provides a reliable way to identify three categories of acetabular dysplasia that are well-aligned with surgical management. The term ‘borderline dysplasia’ should no longer be used. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(5):242–249.
Youth and Popular Culture in 1950s Ireland, Eleanor O’Leary (2018)
Authors: Free Marcus 
Published: May 2020

Review of: Youth and Popular Culture in 1950s Ireland, Eleanor O’Leary (2018)
London: Bloomsbury Academic, 240 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35001-589-0, h/bk, £85.00

A Post-Nationalist History of Television in Ireland, Edward Brennan (2019)
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 231 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-31996-859-9, h/bk, €72.79
Fairytale and Gothic Horror: Uncanny Transformations in Film, Laura Hubner (2018)
Authors: Casey Máiréad 
Published: May 2020

Review of: Fairytale and Gothic Horror: Uncanny Transformations in Film, Laura Hubner (2018)
London: Palgrave Macmillan, 206 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-137-39346-3, h/bk, €96.29
Planet Cosplay: Costume Play, Identity and Global Fandom, Paul Mountfort, Anne Peirson-Smith and Adam Geczy (2019)
Authors: Burke Liam 
Published: May 2020

Review of: Planet Cosplay: Costume Play, Identity and Global Fandom, Paul Mountfort, Anne Peirson-Smith and Adam Geczy (2019)
Bristol, UK: Intellect, 308 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78938-151-1, p/bk, £37.00, ISBN 978-1-78320-956-9, h/bk, £72.00
Rola poznańskiego ośrodka geograficznego w implementacji metod i modeli matematycznych w geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej
Authors: Czyż Teresa , Chojnicki Zbyszko 
Published: May 2020

Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Część pierwsza zawiera wstępne omówienie relacji między metodami postępowania badawczego a rozwojem geografii jako nauki oraz obejmuje zagadnienie przełomu metodologicznego związanego z kwantyfikacją geografii. W części drugiej przedstawiono w zarysie postęp w rozwoju kierunku ilościowego w geografii światowej. Część trzecia dotyczy aktywności, osiągnięć i roli poznańskiego ośrodka geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej w poszczególnych fazach matematyzacji geografii.
Tworzenie „miejsc kompletnych” w procesie nauczania projektowania urbanistycznego zorientowanego na rozwiązywanie realnych problemów przestrzennych. Przykład działań podejmowanych na Wydziale Architektury Politechniki Poznańskiej
Authors: Kaźmierczak Bartosz , Pazder Dominika 
Published: May 2020

Artykuł przedstawia wybrane zagadnienia związane z projektowaniem „miejsc kompletnych” – rozumianych jako przyjazne i atrakcyjne społecznie przestrzenie publiczne. Podkreślono ważność włączania do procesu projektowego lokalnych społeczności, by opracowywane koncepcje projektowe w jak największym stopniu odpowiadały realnym potrzebom. W artykule ukazano ideę kreowania „miejsc kompletnych” stanowiącą element procesu dydaktycznego realizowanego na Wydziale Architektury Politechniki Poznańskiej i w ramach współpracy z otoczeniem zewnętrznym. Zaprezentowany przykład uczenia się opartego na współpracy przy rozwiązywaniu realnych problemów przestrzennych wydaje się przydatnym narzędziem służącym promowaniu idei planowania uspołecznionego oraz poprawy jakości przestrzeni wspólnej. Przedstawiony został przykład badawczy długotrwałej współpracy między instytutami akademickimi a gminą Tarnowo Podgórne, w rezultacie której powstaje kompleks obiektów wraz z otaczającą przestrzenią publiczną, którego celem jest integracja i budowanie wspólnoty obywatelskiej wśród lokalnej społeczności.
Brief Report: Can Political Orientation Explain Mental Health in the Time of a Global Pandemic? Voting Patterns, Personal and National Coping Resources, and Mental Health During the Coronavirus Crisis
Authors: Mana Adi , Sagy Shifra 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine mental health during the coronavirus pandemic crisis and its explanation by personal and national level coping resources. This question was examined in the midst of a political crisis in Israel among voters from two different political orientations. Method: Questionnaires were delivered to a sample of 396 Israeli Jews, of them 180 (45.5%) right-wing and 216 (54.5%) left-wing voters. Right-wing voters presented higher levels of mental health during the crisis as compared to left-wing voters. Results: Right-wing voters also reported stronger levels of national coping resources such as sense of national coherence and trust in governmental institutions. Moreover, mental health was predicted only by personal resources among left-wing voters, while among the right-wing participants national resources were significant as well. Discussion: The results highlight the role of political orientation and low trust in the government as a possible risk factor for mental health even in times of global pandemic crisis.