bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-frequency and free-running operation of a single-pass pulsed Ho:YLF amplifier
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Ju Youlun , Dai Tongyu , Yan Dong , Yao Baoquan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A single-frequency pulsed holmium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride (Ho:YLF) amplifier pumped by a Tm-doped fiber laser was demonstrated. The seed was an injection-seeded Q-switched Ho:YLF laser. The output energy from the single-frequency pulsed amplifier was 24.2 mJ, with a pulse width of 250 ns at a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 100 Hz. The energy stability during 30 min was improved to 1% after the single-frequency pulsed Ho:YLF laser was amplified. The line width of the single-frequency pulsed spectrum of the Ho:YLF amplifier was 2.81 MHz. The single-frequency pulsed Ho:YLF amplifier can be applied to differential absorption lidar (DIAL), since its output spectrum is around the P12 CO2 absorption line.
How to Get Better Survey Data More Efficiently
Authors: Cohen Mollie J. , Warner Zach 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA key challenge facing many large, in-person public opinion surveys is ensuring that enumerators follow fieldwork protocols. Implementing “quality control” processes can improve data quality and help ensure the representativeness of the final sample. Yet while public opinion researchers have demonstrated the utility of quality control procedures such as audio capture and geo-tracking, there is little research assessing the relative merits of such tools. In this paper, we present new evidence on this question using data from the 2016/17 wave of the AmericasBarometer study. Results from a large classification task demonstrate that a small set of automated and human-coded variables, available across popular survey platforms, can recover the final sample of interviews that results when a full suite of quality control procedures is implemented. Taken as a whole, our results indicate that implementing and automating just a few of the many quality control procedures available can streamline survey researchers’ quality control processes while substantially improving the quality of their data.
Using Motion Detection to Measure Social Polarization in the U.S. House of Representatives
Authors: Dietrich Bryce J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough previous scholars have used image data to answer important political science questions, less attention has been paid to video-based measures. In this study, I use motion detection to understand the extent to which members of Congress (MCs) literally cross the aisle, but motion detection can be used to study a wide range of political phenomena, like protests, political speeches, campaign events, or oral arguments. I find not only are Democrats and Republicans less willing to literally cross the aisle, but this behavior is also predictive of future party voting, even when previous party voting is included as a control. However, this is one of the many ways motion detection can be used by social scientists. In this way, the present study is not the end, but the beginning of an important new line of research in which video data is more actively used in social science research.
Machine Learning Predictions as Regression Covariates
Authors: Fong Christian , Tyler Matthew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn text, images, merged surveys, voter files, and elsewhere, data sets are often missing important covariates, either because they are latent features of observations (such as sentiment in text) or because they are not collected (such as race in voter files). One promising approach for coping with this missing data is to find the true values of the missing covariates for a subset of the observations and then train a machine learning algorithm to predict the values of those covariates for the rest. However, plugging in these predictions without regard for prediction error renders regression analyses biased, inconsistent, and overconfident. We characterize the severity of the problem posed by prediction error, describe a procedure to avoid these inconsistencies under comparatively general assumptions, and demonstrate the performance of our estimators through simulations and a study of hostile political dialogue on the Internet. We provide software implementing our approach.
A revision of species of theParmelia saxatiliscomplex in the Iberian Peninsula with the description ofP. rojoi, a new potentially relict species
Authors: Crespo Ana , Rico Víctor J. , Garrido Elisa , Lumbsch H. Thorsten , Divakar Pradeep K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe species of theParmelia saxatiliscomplex occurring in the Iberian Peninsula were revised. Eight species are accepted, including a new species found in southern Spain, described asP. rojoiA. Crespo, V. J. Rico & Divakar. The new species, which forms a sister-group relationship withP. saxatiliss. str., is rare in the Iberian Peninsula and is restricted to higher altitudes of northern and central Spain.Parmelia rojoidiffers fromP. saxatilisby generally narrower isidia and a more fragile thallus. The segregation of the new species is also supported by ITS (rDNA) andMcm7(MS456) phylogeny and multispecies coalescent-based approaches, including StarBEAST and BP&P. Furthermore, the divergence ofP. rojoiis dated back to the Pleistocene,c. 2.13 Ma. A key to the identification of species from theP. saxatiliscomplex with their diagnostic features is provided. All species of the complex known from Europe are also found in the Iberian Peninsula. We hypothesize thatP. rojoiis a relict species that survived the Pleistocene glaciations in refugia in Spain and has been unable to extend its distributional range in postglacial periods.
UNFINISHED BUSINESS: REMEMBERING THE GREAT WAR BETWEEN TRUTH AND REENACTMENT
Authors: Winter Jay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the phenomenon of historical reenactment of Great War battles as an effort to create what is termed ‘living history’. Thousands of people all over the world have participated in such reenactments, and their number increased significantly during the period surrounding the centenary of the outbreak of the Great War. Through a comparison with representations of war in historical writing, in museums and in the performing arts, I examine the claim of reenactors that they can enter into historical experience. I criticise this claim, and show how distant it is from those who do not claim to relive history but (more modestly) to represent it. In their search for ‘living history’, reenactors make two major errors. They strip war of its political content, and they sanitise and trivialise combat.
Plant resistome profiling in evolutionary old bog vegetation provides new clues to understand emergence of multi-resistance
Authors: Obermeier Melanie Maria , Wicaksono Wisnu Adi , Taffner Julian , Bergna Alessandro , Poehlein Anja , Cernava Tomislav , Lindstaedt Stefanie , Lovric Mario , Müller Bogotá Christina Andrea , Berg Gabriele 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The expanding antibiotic resistance crisis calls for a more in depth understanding of the importance of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in pristine environments. We, therefore, studied the microbiome associated with Sphagnum moss forming the main vegetation in undomesticated, evolutionary old bog ecosystems. In our complementary analysis of culture collections, metagenomic data and a fosmid library from different geographic sites in Europe, we identified a low abundant but highly diverse pool of resistance determinants, which targets an unexpectedly broad range of 29 antibiotics including natural and synthetic compounds. This derives both, from the extraordinarily high abundance of efflux pumps (up to 96%), and the unexpectedly versatile set of ARGs underlying all major resistance mechanisms. Multi-resistance was frequently observed among bacterial isolates, e.g. in Serratia, Rouxiella, Pandoraea, Paraburkholderia and Pseudomonas. In a search for novel ARGs, we identified the new class A β-lactamase Mm3. The native Sphagnum resistome comprising a highly diversified and partially novel set of ARGs contributes to the bog ecosystem´s plasticity. Our results reinforce the ecological link between natural and clinically relevant resistomes and thereby shed light onto this link from the aspect of pristine plants. Moreover, they underline that diverse resistomes are an intrinsic characteristic of plant-associated microbial communities, they naturally harbour many resistances including genes with potential clinical relevance.
The RNA polymerase I transcription inhibitor CX-5461 cooperates with topoisomerase 1 inhibition by enhancing the DNA damage response in homologous recombination-proficient high-grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Yan Shunfei , Xuan Jiachen , Brajanovski Natalie , Tancock Madeleine R. C. , Madhamshettiwar Piyush B. , Simpson Kaylene J. , Ellis Sarah , Kang Jian , Cullinane Carleen , Sheppard Karen E. , Hannan Katherine M. , Hannan Ross D. , Sanij Elaine , Pearson Richard B. , Chan Keefe T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Intrinsic and acquired drug resistance represent fundamental barriers to the cure of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC), the most common histological subtype accounting for the majority of ovarian cancer deaths. Defects in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair are key determinants of sensitivity to chemotherapy and poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors. Restoration of HR is a common mechanism of acquired resistance that results in patient mortality, highlighting the need to identify new therapies targeting HR-proficient disease. We have shown promise for CX-5461, a cancer therapeutic in early phase clinical trials, in treating HR-deficient HGSC.

Methods
Herein, we screen the whole protein-coding genome to identify potential targets whose depletion cooperates with CX-5461 in HR-proficient HGSC.

Results
We demonstrate robust proliferation inhibition in cells depleted of DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1). Combining the clinically used TOP1 inhibitor topotecan with CX-5461 potentiates a G2/M cell cycle checkpoint arrest in multiple HR-proficient HGSC cell lines. The combination enhances a nucleolar DNA damage response and global replication stress without increasing DNA strand breakage, significantly reducing clonogenic survival and tumour growth in vivo.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the possibility of exploiting TOP1 inhibition to be combined with CX-5461 as a non-genotoxic approach in targeting HR-proficient HGSC.
Efferocytosis potentiates the expression of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in alternatively activated human macrophages through LXR activation
Authors: Snodgrass Ryan G. , Benatzy Yvonne , Schmid Tobias , Namgaladze Dmitry , Mainka Malwina , Schebb Nils Helge , Lütjohann Dieter , Brüne Bernhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMacrophages acquire anti-inflammatory and proresolving functions to facilitate resolution of inflammation and promote tissue repair. While alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs), also referred to as M2 macrophages, polarized by type 2 (Th2) cytokines IL-4 or IL-13 contribute to the suppression of inflammatory responses and play a pivotal role in wound healing, contemporaneous exposure to apoptotic cells (ACs) potentiates the expression of anti-inflammatory and tissue repair genes. Given that liver X receptors (LXRs), which coordinate sterol metabolism and immune cell function, play an essential role in the clearance of ACs, we investigated whether LXR activation following engulfment of ACs selectively potentiates the expression of Th2 cytokine-dependent genes in primary human AAMs. We show that AC uptake simultaneously upregulates LXR-dependent, but suppresses SREBP-2-dependent gene expression in macrophages, which are both prevented by inhibiting Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1)-mediated sterol transport from lysosomes. Concurrently, macrophages accumulate sterol biosynthetic intermediates desmosterol, lathosterol, lanosterol, and dihydrolanosterol but not cholesterol-derived oxysterols. Using global transcriptome analysis, we identify anti-inflammatory and proresolving genes including interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) whose expression are selectively potentiated in macrophages upon concomitant exposure to ACs or LXR agonist T0901317 (T09) and Th2 cytokines. We show priming macrophages via LXR activation enhances the cellular capacity to synthesize inflammation-suppressing specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) precursors 15-HETE and 17-HDHA as well as resolvin D5. Silencing LXRα and LXRβ in macrophages attenuates the potentiation of ALOX15 expression by concomitant stimulation of ACs or T09 and IL-13. Collectively, we identify a previously unrecognized mechanism of regulation whereby LXR integrates AC uptake to selectively shape Th2-dependent gene expression in AAMs.
An fMRI dataset in response to “The Grand Budapest Hotel”, a socially-rich, naturalistic movie
Authors: Visconti di Oleggio Castello Matteo , Chauhan Vassiki , Jiahui Guo , Gobbini M. Ida 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNaturalistic stimuli evoke strong, consistent, and information-rich patterns of brain activity, and engage large extents of the human brain. They allow researchers to compare highly similar brain responses across subjects, and to study how complex representations are encoded in brain activity. Here, we describe and share a dataset where 25 subjects watched part of the feature film “The Grand Budapest Hotel” by Wes Anderson. The movie has a large cast with many famous actors. Throughout the story, the camera shots highlight faces and expressions, which are fundamental to understand the complex narrative of the movie. This movie was chosen to sample brain activity specifically related to social interactions and face processing. This dataset provides researchers with fMRI data that can be used to explore social cognitive processes and face processing, adding to the existing neuroimaging datasets that sample brain activity with naturalistic movies.
PPARα agonist and metformin co-treatment ameliorates NASH in mice induced by a choline-deficient, amino acid-defined diet with 45% fat
Authors: Okishio Shinya , Yamaguchi Kanji , Ishiba Hiroshi , Tochiki Nozomi , Yano Kota , Takahashi Aya , Kataoka Seita , Okuda Keiichiroh , Seko Yuya , Liu Yu , Fujii Hideki , Takahashi Daiki , Ito Yusuke , Kamon Junji , Umemura Atsushi , Moriguchi Michihisa , Yasui Kohichiroh , Okanoue Takeshi , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe explored the beneficial effects of GW7647, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, and metformin, an anti-diabetic drug on an advanced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model in rodents and investigated the possible mechanisms involved. Mice were fed control chow or a choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined diet containing 45% fat (HF-CDAA). The mice fed HF-CDAA diets for 16 weeks were divided into four groups: the no treatment (HF-CDAA), HF-CDAA containing 1000 mg/kg metformin, HF-CDAA containing 10 mg/kg GW7647, and HF-CDAA with both metformin and GW7647 groups. Metformin alone slightly deteriorated the aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) values, whereas co-treatment with GW7647 and metformin greatly suppressed liver injury and fibrosis via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Further study revealed that co-treatment decreased the expression of inflammatory-, fibrogenesis-, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes and increased the oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, suggesting the superiority of co-treatment due to restoration of mitochondrial function. The additive benefits of a PPARα agonist and metformin in a HF-CDAA diet-induced advanced NASH model was firstly demonstrated, possibly through restoration of mitochondrial function and AMPK activation, which finally resulted in suppression of hepatic inflammation, ER stress, then, fibrosis.
Vimentin protects differentiating stem cells from stress
Authors: Pattabiraman Sundararaghavan , Azad Gajendra Kumar , Amen Triana , Brielle Shlomi , Park Jung Eun , Sze Siu Kwan , Meshorer Eran , Kaganovich Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVimentin is one of the first cytoplasmic intermediate filaments to be expressed in mammalian cells during embryogenesis, but its role in cellular fitness has long been a mystery. Vimentin is acknowledged to play a role in cell stiffness, cell motility, and cytoplasmic organization, yet it is widely considered to be dispensable for cellular function and organismal development. Here, we show that Vimentin plays a role in cellular stress response in differentiating cells, by recruiting aggregates, stress granules, and RNA-binding proteins, directing their elimination and asymmetric partitioning. In the absence of Vimentin, pluripotent embryonic stem cells fail to differentiate properly, with a pronounced deficiency in neuronal differentiation. Our results uncover a novel function for Vimentin, with important implications for development, tissue homeostasis, and in particular, stress response.
Concordance in detecting amyloid positivity between 18F-florbetaben and 18F-flutemetamol amyloid PET using quantitative and qualitative assessments
Authors: Cho Soo Hyun , Choe Yeong Sim , Kim Young Ju , Lee Byungju , Kim Hee Jin , Jang Hyemin , Kim Jun Pyo , Jung Young Hee , Kim Soo-Jong , Kim Byeong C. , Farrar Gill , Na Duk L. , Moon Seung Hwan , Seo Sang Won 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively assess whether there is a discrepancy in detecting amyloid beta (Aβ) positivity between 18F-florbetaben (FBB) and 18F-flutemetamol (FMM) positron emission tomography (PET). We obtained paired FBB and FMM PET images from 107 participants. Three experts visually quantified the Aβ deposition as positive or negative. Quantitative assessment was performed using global cortical standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) with the whole cerebellum as the reference region. Inter-rater agreement was excellent for FBB and FMM. The concordance rates between FBB and FMM were 94.4% (101/107) for visual assessment and 98.1% (105/107) for SUVR cut-off categorization. Both FBB and FMM showed high agreement rates between visual assessment and SUVR positive or negative categorization (93.5% in FBB and 91.2% in FMM). When the two ligands were compared based on SUVR cut-off categorization as standard of truth, although not statistically significant, the false-positive rate was higher in FMM (9.1%) than in FBB (1.8%) (p = 0.13). Our findings suggested that both FBB and FMM had excellent agreement when used to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate Aβ deposits, thus, combining amyloid PET data associated with the use of different ligands from multi-centers is feasible.
The gut microbiome drives inter- and intra-individual differences in metabolism of bioactive small molecules
Authors: Kerimi Asimina , Kraut Nicolai U. , da Encarnacao Joana Amarante , Williamson Gary 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe origin of inter-individual variability in the action of bioactive small molecules from the diet is poorly understood and poses a substantial obstacle to harnessing their potential for attenuating disease risk. Epidemiological studies show that coffee lowers the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, independently of caffeine, but since coffee is a complex matrix, consumption gives rise to different classes of metabolites in vivo which in turn can affect multiple related pathways in disease development. We quantified key urinary coffee phenolic acid metabolites repeated three times in 36 volunteers, and observed the highest inter- and intra-individual variation for metabolites produced by the colonic microbiome. Notably, a urinary phenolic metabolite not requiring the action of the microbiota was positively correlated with fasting plasma insulin. These data highlight the role of the gut microbiota as the main driver of both intra- and inter-individual variation in metabolism of dietary bioactive small molecules.
Trait convergence and trait divergence in lake phytoplankton reflect community assembly rules
Authors: Borics Gábor , B-Béres Viktória , Bácsi István , Lukács Balázs A. , T-Krasznai E. , Botta-Dukát Zoltán , Várbíró Gábor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnvironmental filtering and limiting similarity are those locally acting processes that influence community structure. These mechanisms acting on the traits of species result in trait convergence or divergence within the communities. The role of these processes might change along environmental gradients, and it has been conceptualised in the stress-dominance hypothesis, which predicts that the relative importance of environmental filtering increases and competition decreases with increasing environmental stress. Analysing trait convergence and divergence in lake phytoplankton assemblages, we studied how the concepts of ‘limiting similarity’ versus ‘environmental filtering’ can be applied to these microscopic aquatic communities, and how they support or contradict the stress-dominance hypothesis. Using a null model approach, we investigated the divergence and convergence of phytoplankton traits along environmental gradients represented by canonical axes of an RDA. We used Rao’s quadratic entropy as a measure of functional diversity and calculated effect size (ES) values for each sample. Negative ES values refer to trait convergence, i.e., to the higher probability of the environmental filtering in community assembly, while positive values indicate trait divergence, stressing the importance of limiting similarity (niche partitioning), that is, the competition between the phytoplankters. Our results revealed that limiting similarity and environmental filtering may operate simultaneously in phytoplankton communities, but these assembly mechanisms influenced the distribution of phytoplankton traits differently, and the effects show considerable changes along with the studied scales. Studying the changes of ES values along with the various scales, our results partly supported the stress-dominance hypothesis, which predicts that the relative importance of environmental filtering increases and competition decreases with increasing environmental stress.
Co-activation of Akt, Nrf2, and NF-κB signals under UPRER in torpid Myotis ricketti bats for survival
Authors: Huang Wenjie , Liao Chen-Chung , Han Yijie , Lv Junyan , Lei Ming , Li Yangyang , Lv Qingyun , Dong Dong , Zhang Shuyi , Pan Yi-Husan , Luo Jian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBats hibernate to survive stressful conditions. Examination of whole cell and mitochondrial proteomes of the liver of Myotis ricketti revealed that torpid bats had endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER), global reduction in glycolysis, enhancement of lipolysis, and selective amino acid metabolism. Compared to active bats, torpid bats had higher amounts of phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase (p-Akt) and UPRER markers such as PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Torpid bats also had lower amounts of the complex of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) (p65)/I-κBα. Cellular redistribution of 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and reduced binding between PERK and GRP78 were also seen in torpid bats. Evidence of such was not observed in fasted, cold-treated, or normal mice. These data indicated that bats activate Akt, Nrf2, and NF-κB via the PERK-ATF4 regulatory axis against endoplasmic reticulum stresses during hibernation.