bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aporte a la innovación de la coctelería tradicional conservando la identidad cultural ecuatoriana.
Authors: Párraga Espinoza Yandri , Vinueza Quinatoa Mishel Amparo 
Published: December 2020

El consumo de alcohol como componente del comportamiento religioso y/o social de la humanidad se registra desde los albores de la civilización, y merece una aproximación antropológica para su comprensión. Cuando el individuo bebe, se involucra en un acto que es de manera concomitante e inextricable, biológica y cultural. Esta reflexión se define a partir de un estudio sociológico detallado sobre «bebidas con identidad», lo cual es el resultado de su identificación por un grupo humano. En este proceso, se pueden tomar en cuenta sus cualidades intrínsecas, origen, modo de producción, usos prácticos, funciones sociales o simbólicas, valor patrimonial, entre otros. Dentro del marco de investigación planteada en este artículo, su objetivo principal es el aporte de la coctelería clásica o tradicional para conservar la identidad cultural, basándose en una metodología exploratoria con enfoque cualitativo que permita percibir la realidad en que se encuentra la elaboración de cocteles con identidad local dentro de nuestro entorno. Este estudio busca el rescate de una parte de la identidad cultural de pueblos y nacionalidades ecuatorianos, contribuyendo a un mayor aprovechamiento de recursos pertenecientes de cada región mediante la preparación de cócteles, innovando la coctelería clásica o tradicional.
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Bajo peso al nacer: Factores asociados a la madre
Authors: Freire Carrera Martín , Alvarez Ochoa Robert Iván , Vanegas Izquierdo Patricia , Peña Cordero Susana 
Published: December 2020

El bajo peso al nacimiento (BPN) constituye uno de los problemas de salud pública más comunes tanto a nivel nacional como mundial, por su asociación al mayor riesgo de morbimortalidad neonatal. Con el objetivo de identificar la incidencia y factores maternos asociados a neonatos con bajo peso al nacer, se realizó un estudio no experimental, descriptivo, transversal en 198 neonatos y sus madres en el área de neonatología del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga de la ciudad de Cuenca durante el período octubre 2017-mayo 2018. El componente de observación y análisis fue la historia clínica tanto del recién nacido como de su madre. Los datos fueron expresados en frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Para establecer la relación entre el bajo peso neonatal y los factores de riesgo maternos se empleó la prueba de chi cuadrado (X2). Se consideró estadísticamente significativo un valor de p < 0.05. La incidencia de BPN fue de 11.1%. En el análisis estadístico, los factores asociados a BPN fueron la ganancia baja de peso durante el embarazo (p=0.001) y el número de gestas (p=0.03). No se observó asociación significativa entre BPN y controles prenatales, periodo intergenésico, diabetes gestacional, preeclamsia y la presencia de enfermedades en el periodo gestacional. Concluyendo; el número de casos de niños con bajo peso al nacer fueron similares a los encontrados en otros estudios. Los factores asociados a BPN fueron la ganancia baja de peso durante el embarazo y el número de gestas.
Borde costero ciudad Antofagasta, Chile, visto como "interfase glocal"
Authors: GEBAUER MUÑOZ MARÍA ADRIANA 
Published: December 2020

RESUMEN:El objetivo de este artículo es, por una parte, presentar y proponer los lugares, que en el borde-mar de Antofagasta se pueden desarrollar como interfase entre lo global y lo local, a partir de considerar análisis y conclusiones de la cuarta, de cuatro dimensiones de abordaje de la Tesis Doctoral: “Centro Histórico como “interfase glocal” para la inserción de la ciudad intermedia en el sistema global de ciudades: Caso de estudio Antofagasta, Chile, 1990/2012” (Gebauer, 2015), en referencia a la importancia que, en esta ciudad, adquiere este borde cuando actúa y se configura como espacio mediador transnacional, y por otra, incorporar los conceptos de interfase glocal, CH-ampliado, redefinición de ciudad-intermedia y ciudad-región ampliada que fueron definidos por dicha Tesis que aportan a una nueva mirada de los mismos. Desde el análisis de esta dimensión se definen los elementos de paisaje e imagen urbanos que son parte de la identidad urbana del ciudadano en donde el mar y su borde aparecen como partes esenciales de la identidad de esta ciudad para que efectivamente se constituya en “interfase glocal”, abonando, con ello, a la posibilidad de inserción de la ciudad intermedia Antofagasta, en el sistema global de ciudades.
Os Desafios e Potencialidades da (auto) formação Docente
Authors: Oliveira Wagner de Moura , Oliveira Francisco Nilton Gomes de , Pommer Roselene Moreira Gomes 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo se propõe a refletir sobre a relevância do docente olhar para si mesmo como uma pessoa em constante construção formativa, bem como, ser consciente de sua responsabilidade auto formativa, visando se qualificar para trilhar os caminhos do ensino e aprendizagem guiados ao desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal. Objetiva-se neste artigo discutir à luz da literatura a concepção do ser professor: suas potencialidades na sua (auto)formação. Como fundamentação metodológica, é baseado numa revisão de literatura. Buscou-se por meio do portal da CAPES teses e dissertações que reverberam a temática aqui proposta. No constructo teórico é dada a importância e relevância social deste debate no sentido de encorajar e conduzir a reflexão crítica do docente no seu comprometimento de (auto)formação, concretizando a potencialização da prática pedagógica deste profissional em seu dia a dia no ambiente escolar. Conclui-se segurando que a (auto)formação docente possibilita o protagonismo do docente na acepção de permitir para si uma formação crítica, reflexiva e continua que não se exaure apenas nos cursos de graduação, mas que esta busca o permita ir mais além das sistemáticas tradicionais de formação.
Fraksi Fosfor Tanah pada Lapisan Olah dan Korelasinya dengan Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah Hutan dan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Jambi
Authors: Djata Desy , Hartono Arief , Anwar Syaiful , Nugroho Budi 
Published: December 2020

Perubahan penggunaan lahan hutan menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit diduga mengubah distribusi fraksi fosfor (P) tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi fraksi P pada lapisan permukaan tanah di lahan hutan dan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Jambi, serta korelasinya dengan sifat kimia tanah. Sampel tanah diambil dari lapisan atas tanah hutan dan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Beberapa sifat kimia tanah dan fraksi-fraksi P dianalisis. Fraksionasi P dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Tiessen dan Moir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi P agak labil yaitu NaOH-Porganik (-Po ) dan -Pinorganik (Pi) merupakan fraksi yang ditemukan dominan di hutan dan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Persentase P labil (resin-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi,-Po) dan P organik agak labil (NaOH-Po) dari total fraksi P ditemukan lebih tinggi di lahan hutan dibandingkan dengan perkebunan kelapa sawit. Fraksi NaOH-Pi di perkebunan kelapa sawit lebih tinggi nilainya dibandingkan dengan di hutan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa secara alami perubahan penggunaan lahan hutan menjadi kelapa sawit mengubah distribusi fraksi P sebagai akibat dari perubahan kandungan karbon (C) organik tanah. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua fraksi P berkorelasi positif dengan C organik, mengidentifikasikan bahwa mineralisasi C organik mempengaruhi distribusi fraksi P yang artinya C organik tanah mengontrol distribusi fraksi P pada lapisan permukaan tanah di lahan hutan dan perkebunan kelapa sawit.
STRATEGI PENGENDALIAN ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN PERTANIAN DI DESA PANDAK GEDE KABUPATEN TABANAN
Authors: Sidiq Ahmad , Armeli Ida K , Siwalatri NI K A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Tabanan District Spatial Plan 2012-2032 states that Pandak Gede Village has a role as an environmental center that functions as the center of a residential area that serves the surrounding rural areas. The increase in population in Pandak Gede Village has caused changes in the number and distribution of settlement areas. The reduced area of ​​agricultural land can be an indication of the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land. Given these indications, research is needed to find out how the conditions of land use change in Pandak Gede Village are seen from the social, economic, cultural aspects. Are there developments that are not in accordance with the Spatial Plan for Tabanan Regency 2012-2032, is there any indication of the conversion of agricultural land in Pandak Gede Village and how alternative strategies can be taken to minimize the mismatch of regional development against the Tabanan District Spatial Plan 2012-2032. The method used in this research is the mix method. The analysis included: socioeconomic analysis, socio-cultural analysis, regional development analysis, land use suitability analysis, and analysis of agricultural land use control strategies. The results showed an indication of the conversion of agricultural land by 18.71 hectares into residential and non-agricultural land. Alternative strategies that can be done are facilitative, reeducative, persuasive and power strategies to the government, to Pandak Gede Village, to community owners and buyers of land, to environmentalists, to further research and education.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TUGAS RUMAH TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPS AKUNTANSI
Authors: Murapi Ikang , Basarudin Basarudin , Dwiana Firnando Yogha Satria 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh pemberian tugas rumah terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar pada mata pelajaran Akuntansi siswa kelas XI SMUN I Praya Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan penelitian menggunakan pre-test post-test. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah semua yang menjadi populasi sebanyak 2 kelas yang berjumlah 74 orang dengan rincian 36 orang siswa dan 38 siswi karena jumlahnya kurang dari 100 orang maka semua populasi langsung menjadi sampel. Peneliti juga menggunakan beberapa instrumen dalam mengumpulkan data yaitu pedoman observasi, pedoman dokumentasi,dan test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa yang cukup signifikan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari analisis data yang menggunakan analisa statistik dan mendapatkan nilai t hitung lebih besar dari nilai t tabel dimana t hitungnya sebesar 7,64 setelah dikonsultasikan dengan tabel pada taraf signifikan 5 % didapatkan nilai t tabel sebesar 1,98. Dengan demikian penggunaan metode tugas rumah berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa kelas XI Pada Mata Pelajaran Akuntansi di SMUN 1 Praya Lombok Tengah Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.
Distal radius fractures – Treatment with volar locking plates - Functional results according to fracture type
Authors: Patiño Juan Martin , Rullan Corna Alejandro Felix , Michelini Alejandro , Abdon Ignacio 
Published: December 2020

Background: The aim of this study is to determine if there are differences in functional results in patients presenting fractures of the distal radius treated with volar locking plates and, secondarily, to compare these results according to fracture type (AO).
Methods: 39 patients treated between January 2013 and December 2015 were evaluated. They were 19 women and 20 men, with an average of 60 years old and a range between 18 and 86 years old. The average follow up was of 46 months. We made radiographic postoperative measurements of the ulnar tilt angle of the radius, the volar tilt angle of the radius and styloid height. We evaluated residual pain with VAS (Analogue Visual Scale). The objective and subjective function were evaluated with the DASH inquiry (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) and Mayo wrist score.
Results: The mean flexion was of 51º, the extension was 55º, pronation was 80º, and supination was 75º. The mean ulnar tilt angle was 19, 66°, the mean volar tilt angle was 2.07°, and the mean styloid height was 8.97 mm. The average DASH was 14.38 and the average Mayo was of 78.58. There was no significant statistical correlation between the fracture complexity and the analyzed variables.
Conclusions: In this series, volar locking plates were a valid option for the resolution of unstable distal radius fractures in its different patterns and in a wide age range.
Antara Larangan dan Pengecualian: Ihwal Partisipasi Aktif Imam dalam Partai Politik dan dalam Jabatan Publik
Authors: Jehaut Rikardus 
Published: December 2020

<p><em>This article - inspired by the notorious case of an Indonesian priest in North Sumatra running for public office despite stern and repeated warnings from his bishop not to do so - aims to elaborate the theme of active participation of priests in politics in the light of can. 285 § 3 and can. 287, § 2 of Code of Canon Law, using the method of juridical exegesis and historical-critical analysis of various legal grounds and various affirmations of the Church's Magisterium. Through careful study, the author shows that the Church, while acknowledge the political right of priests as well as the provision for exeption, imposing a prohibition on them from participating actively in the political arena. The ratio legis behind such prohibition are threefold, namely safeguard canonically the identity and the mission of the priests; priest as a symbol of unity, fraternity and peace; respect for the peculiar duties of the laity in politics. The author argues that the priests should not be given a permission to take any public office and should not take sides in the area of party politics since there are no situation that make it necessary to intervene in that way.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Active participation, politic, priest, prohibition, exeption</em><em></em></p>
Cross-sectional Specimen Preparation of Fragile Failure Location in Thin-Film Transistors Using Focused Ion Beam Etching and Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Miura N. , Tsujimato K. , Kanehara R. , Tsutsui N. , Tsuji S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper describes how faulty thin-film transistors (TFTs) having fragile structures in themselves can be characterized by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (X-TEM) through the achievement of pinpoint accuracy in focused ion beam (FIB) etching. We demonstrate X-TEM analysis for faulty TFTs caused by mechanical damages, microvoid in their multilayers and long aluminum whiskers growing from the electrodes. X-TEM specimen were prepared by FIB etching without losing unique structures owing to fragile locations. Cross-sectional bright-field TEM micrographs clearly showed the details of cross sectional structure of fragile location. This pin-point X-TEM is quite helpful to identify faults and to reveal root causes of failures.
Characterization and Elimination of Forward Snapback Defects in GaAs Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zimmer J. , Nielsen D. , Anderson T.A. , Schade M. , Saha N. , Thome G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The p-n junction of a GaAs light emitting diode is fabricated using liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). The junction is grown on a Si doped (~1018/cm3) GaAs substrate. Intermittent yield loss due to forward voltage snapback was observed. Historically, out of specification forward voltage (Vf) parameters have been correlated to abnormalities in the junction formation. Scanning electron (SEM) and optical microscopy of cleaved and stained samples revealed a continuous layer of material approximately 2.5 to 3.0 μm thick at the n-epi/substrate interface. Characterization of a defective wafer via secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) revealed an elevated concentration of O throughout the region containing the defect. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) data taken from a wafer prior to growth of the epi layers did not reveal any unusual oxidation or contamination. Extensive review of the processing data suggested LPE furnace pressure was the obvious source of variability. Processing wafers through the LPE furnace with a slight positive H2 gas pressure has greatly reduced the occurrence of this defect.
A Review of Wet Etch Formulas for Silicon Semiconductor Failure Analysis
Authors: Lee T.W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
WET ETCHING is an important part of the failure analysis of semiconductor devices. Analysis requires etches for the removal, delineation by decoration or differential etching, and study of defects in layers of various materials. Each lab usually has a collection of favored etch recipes. Some of these etches are available premixed from the fab chemical supply. Some of these etches may be unique, or even proprietary, to your company. Additionally, the lab etch recipe list will usually contain a variety of classical "named etches". These recipes, such as Dash Etch, have persisted over time. Although well-reported in the literature, lab lists may not accurately represent these recipes, or contain complete and accurate instructions for their use. Time seems to have erased the understanding of the purpose of additives such as iodine, in some of these formulas. To identify the best etches and techniques for a failure analysis operations, a targeted literature review of articles and patents was undertaken. It was a surprise to find that much of the work was quite old, and originally done with germanium. Later some of these etches were modified for silicon. Much of this work is still applicable today. Two main etch types were found. One is concerned with the thinning and chemical polishing of silicon. The other type is concerned with identifying defects in silicon. Many of the named etches were found to consist of variations in a specific acid system. The acid system has been well characterized with ternary diagrams and 3-D surfaces. The named etches were plotted on this diagram. The original formulas and applications of the named etches were traced to assure accuracy, so that the results claimed by the original authors, may be reproduced in today's lab. The purpose of this paper is to share the condensed information obtained during this literature search. Graphical data has been corrected for modem dimensions. Selectivities have been located and discussed. The contents of more than 25 named etches were spreadsheeted. It was concluded that the best approach to delineation is a two-step etch, using uncomplicated and well-characterized standard formulas. The first step uses a decoration or differential etch technique to define the junctions. Formulations for effective decoration etches were found to be surprisingly simple. The second step uses a selective etch to define the various interconnections and dielectric layers. Chromium compounds can be completely eliminated from these formulas, to meet environmental concerns. This work, originally consisting of 30 pages with 106 references, has been condensed to conform with the formatting requirements of this publication.
Realistic Database for Semiconductor Device Analysis
Authors: Kim C.G. , Sun B.S. , Koo J.H. , Jang G.J. , Lee S.Y. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
When one department performs extensive analysis, the need for common data within a database structure may be required. A realistic paperless database was developed to solve department needs. This database is carried out with the combination of a Client Module, Operation Module and Management Module. The Client Module includes on-line request for analysis, intensive query, retrieval of the analysis result with digital image and image processing. The Operation Module provides real-time digital data acquisition from the analysis equipment, which have the data types of image, text or graph and real-time data transmission to a dedicated server Digital Alpha 4100. The Management Module includes approval of the request for analysis from the Client Module, creation of reports about analysis results and statistical service for the subjects like failure modes in a device, operation time of equipment and so on. These modules allow multi-users to access the database through the Web on the Intranet. Our database can be also linked to the in-line database and the failure analysis with DRT SEM and physical analysis can become more effective with the use of in-line inspection data. This paper presents the framework of the database along with a technical description of the database implementation.
Tin Corrosion Induced by Corrosive De-Ionized (DI) Water
Authors: Khandekar Shekhar , Vedula Lakshmi , Malshe Vinod 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Very highly purified water such as De-ionized (DI) water tends to become very corrosive once exposed to the atmosphere. This “Hungry Water” as known in the water purification world is known to be a major source of corrosion [1]. The DI water was responsible for corrosion of tin during autoclave (pressure cooker) testing of Integrated Circuit (IC) devices assembled in plastic Quad Flat Package (QFP) with fine pitch leads. The copper leads of these packages are plated with solder. The copper leads of the packages are plated with solder composed of Lead and Tin. Due to the effect of corrosive water, Tin from solder corroded during the autoclave testing and formed thin whiskers of solder. These whiskers created a leakage path between the leads causing the devices to fail for pin to pin leakage.
Failure Analysis of Discolored Bondpads in Wafer Fabrication
Authors: Hua Younan N. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Discolored bondpads & non-stick failure in 0.6 μm wafer fab process with the hot Al alloy metallization was investigated. SEM, EDX & AES techniques were used to identify the root causes. Failure analysis results showed that discolored bondpads & non-stick failure were caused by TiN residue introduced during L95 bondpad opening wafer fab process. TiN residue on bondpad might have led to non-stick bondpad issue. The results also showed that it was difficult to determine the trace amount of TiN residue on bondpad using EDX technique due to its limitations. In this work, Auger surface analysis technique was used to determine TiN residue on bondpads with Al/TiW/Ti metallization. Auger results showed that Ti & N peaks were detected on discolored bondpads. It has resulted in non-stick bondpad failure. The solution to eliminate TiN residue on bondpads was to increase etch time at L95 bondpad opening wafer fab process. After using the new recipe with longer etch time, Auger results on the bondpads showed that no Ti & N peaks were detected and the bond-pull testing also passed.
LSI Process Diagnosis for High Reliability Usage
Authors: Imai Miki , Tanaka Daiki , Hosoda Katsuhiko , Noda Katsuhumi , Matsuda Sumio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Conventional reliability test using accelerated test is not suitable for selection of high-reliability LSI device, because it needs high cost and long testing time. Then observation methods such as construction analysis have been used in a part of the test. Construction analysis can detect faults on leads, packages wires and chip surfaces. However, recent LSI device structures have multilayers one, and most part of faults exist in inner layers. The faults are due to LSI wafer process imperfection such as inaccurate process design or device structural defects. LSI process diagnosis has been developed for the quality and reliability evaluation with the observation of device structures. It consists of fault detection and estimation of risk that the faults cause to fail more than one of devices through many manufacturing lots. Typically, cross sectional SEM for observation and data base or theory of reliability for risk estimation are used in this method.