bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerial mycelium formation in rare thermophilic Actinobacteria on media solidified with agar and gellan gum
Authors: Sari D C A F , Ningsih F , Yokota A , Yabe S , Sjamsuridzal W , Oetari A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study investigated aerial mycelium formation in 12 isolates of rare thermophilic Actinobacteria from Indonesia on four different media (International Streptomyces Project ISP 1, ISP 2, ISP 3, and Bennett’s solidified with agar and gellan gum). The results from media solidified with agar showed that aerial mycelium formation was observed on 9 isolates as follows: 3 isolates on ISP 1 agar (Amycolatopsis and Microbispora); 3 isolates on ISP 2 agar (Amycolatopsis and Microbispora); 9 isolates on ISP 3 agar (Actinoallomurus, Amycolatopsis, Microbispora, Thermobispora, and Streptoalloteichus); and 2 isolates of Amycolatopsis on Bennett’s agar. Aerial mycelium formation was not observed in 3 isolates (Microbispora and Nocardia) on all media solidified with agar. The results from media solidified with gellan gum showed that aerial mycelium formation was observed in all 12 isolates as follows: 8 isolates on ISP 1 gellan gum (Amycolatopsis, Microbispora, Nocardia and Thermobispora); 5 isolates on ISP 2 gellan gum (Amycolatopsis, Microbispora, and Nocardia); 11 isolates on ISP 3 gellan gum (Actinoallomurus, Amycolatopsis, Microbispora, Nocardia, Thermobispora, and Streptoalloteichus); and 5 isolates on Bennett’s agar (Amycolatopsis, Microbispora, Nocardia, and Streptoalloeichus). These results indicate that the media solidified with gellan gum induced aerial mycelium formation in larger number of rare thermophilic Actinobacteria isolates compared to media solidified with agar.
Hydrothermal treatment of municipal solid waste into coal-like fuel
Authors: Putra H E , Damanhuri E , Dewi K , Pasek A D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hydrothermal process is a thermochemical process used to convert wet biomass waste become a coal-like material with higher carbon content called hydrochar. In this study, performance test of hydrothermal reactor was done. Stirred reactor was made of SS-304 with volume of 1 L and electric heater as a heating mantle. The hydrothermal carbonisation reactor was utilized to perform the carbonisation of three materials (paper, banana peel, and sawdust) as substrates. The substrates represent major component of biomass waste in Bandung, Indonesia. Process was operated in batch-mode at varying temperatures (190 °C, 210 °C and 230 °C), holding time (30 and 60 min), and solid load (1:3, 1:5, and 1:10). The results suggested that the hydrothermal conversion of biomass waste to solid fuel gave high heating value with value of 24.6, 21.2, and 20.1 MJ/kg for sawdust, paper, and banana peel respectively after product dried naturally. The study showed that chemical and physical properties of several feedstock and hydrochar varied as a function of reaction temperature.
Effect of metal ions in groundwater to radiocesium sorption into bentonite mineral from Tasikmalaya
Authors: Ekaningrum N E , Setiawan B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Karawang and Sumedang areas were two of the preferred sites for radioactive waste disposal facilities in the future, and the effect of coexistence ions in their groundwater to radiocesium sorption in bentonite sample has been studied. Bentonite material is placed in the surrounding of disposal facility and usually is used as an engineered barrier to prevent the migration of radiocesium from the facility to the environment by sorption mechanism. The concentration of cation in groundwater such as K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ have been obtained from the field work and could many folds higher when compared with the assumed radiocesium concentration releases to the environment. The existed cations in groundwater were predicted to be able affected to the radiocesium sorption into the bentonite sample. Coefficient of distribution (Kd) was used as the indicator of radiocesium sorption into bentonite sample. The result showed that increased in cation concentration in groundwater reduced the Kd value of radiocesium into bentonite samples up to 21 % compared with no cation exists condition in groundwater.
Utilization of tofu wastewater as a cultivation medium for Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis
Authors: Ajijah N , Tjandra B C , Hamidah U , Widyarani  , Sintawardani N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tofu is one of favourite daily meal in Indonesia. It is produced freshly in some small to large-scale industries, and generates a large volume of wastewater. Generally, untreated wastewater from tofu industries in Indonesia is still directly disposed to the environment that can cause severe pollution in water resources. Tofu wastewater contains very high organic compounds and nutrients, but it has an acidic pH. The possibility of utilizing tofu wastewater as a cultivation medium for microalgae is intriguing. The objective of this research was to utilize tofu wastewater as a cultivation medium for Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis. Cultivation of microalgae was conducted for ten days using 3, 5, and 10 % of diluted tofu wastewater. For comparison, the tofu wastewater anaerobic digestion effluent (TW-ADE) was used as the medium. Walne medium was used as a positive control, and distilled water was used as a negative control. Both microalgae showed the highest biomass and protein production was in Walne medium (positive control), followed in 5% tofu wastewater medium for C. vulgaris, and 3 % tofu wastewater medium for A. platensis. The highest chlorophylls content of C. vulgaris and A. platensis was in 5 % tofu wastewater and Walne medium, respectively. The most top carotenoid content of C. vulgaris and A. platensis was in 5 % and 10 % tofu wastewater medium, respectively. On the other hand, biomass, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and protein content of both microalgae in TW-ADE medium had the lowest result. Cultivation of C. vulgaris and A. platensis in tofu waste medium offer a wide range of environmental and economic benefits, as a sustainable strategy to treat wastewater and produce high-value products from microalgae.
Treatment of S. cereviseae and dairy cow manure on organic waste for biogas production
Authors: Lestari T R , Utama G L , Susanto A B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The organic waste should be used to minimize environmental problems. Organic waste can be mixed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cow manure as raw material for biogas production. The right concentration of S. cerevisiae and cow manure is needed to get the best biogas production as fertilizer that meets the standards. This study aims to determine whether the utilization of organic waste with the addition of S. cerevisiae and cow dung can provide good biogas production. This research was conducted experimentally based on a completely randomized 4 × 3 design with factorial patterns. Treatment consists of some factors including the addition of different concentrations of S. cerevisiae (0 gr, 2 gr, and 4 gr) and the combination of organic waste and cow manure with the following ratio (1:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 v/v) with three replications. The results showed that 2 gr S.cerevisiae in kitchen waste and cow manure with a ratio of 1:1 (F2S1) can produce 0.0128 m3 biogas with a decrease in the C/N ratio of 60.07 % and a sludge final pH of 6.81, respectively.
Shock-adaptation in a three-stage anaerobic reactor treating tofu whey wastewater
Authors: Widyarani  , Sriwuryandari L , Priantoro E A , Sintawardani N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is often used to treat wastewater with high organic content. The effectiveness of anaerobic digestion is determined by organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time, as well as influenced by temperature, pH, and wastewater composition. The multi-stage reactor system is stable towards sudden changes in the influent and fluctuations in hydraulic and organic loadings. The objective of the study was to investigate the adaptability and stability of the three-stage anaerobic reactor after a hydraulic shock loading. This study used tofu whey wastewater due to its enormous generated volume, varying COD concentration, and the low pH. A three-stage anaerobic packed-bed reactor system that had operated for 26 days at a total hydraulic retention time of 3.75 days or 1.25 day per reactor (0.33 l-wastewater per hour) was used in the experiment. The reactor was filled with wastewater at 4 l/h, twelve times the usual flow rate, for one hour. During this period, the changes in pH, COD concentration, and biogas production were monitored. Compared with the performance before the shock loading, COD and pH did not show changes after the 24-hour observation period, except for the pH in the second stage. In addition, biogas and methane production in the second stage was lower than production before the shock loading, even though the total production remained constant. This suggests that the second stage acted as the buffering reactor during the shock loading.
Formation of anodic ZrO2 nanostructures in NH4F/ethylene glycol electrolyte
Authors: Rozana M , Lockman Z 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the morphology and surface species of ZrO2 film formed in a fluorinated ethylene glycol electrolyte by anodization process. In this work, no water was added into the NH4F/ethylene glycol electrolyte. Possible formation mechanism of anodic ZrO2 nanostructures in the NH4F/EG electrolyte was also explored. As a result, the porous ZrO2 film with the thickness of 1.5 – 2.5 µm was produced. From the top view, it is observed that the surface consists of rings with diameters of 100 – 160 nm. However, the oxide does not consist of any tubular structure. The FTIR spectrum of the film shows that the top of anodic ZrO2 film is covered by anion contamination, e.g. OH− and CO3
−.
Effect of pH on Swelling Profile of Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Adenanthera pavonina L. Galactomannan
Authors: Cavalcante L A , Batista B S , Fonseca A P G , Balteiro A J D , Amaral F M B , Mendes F , Macêdo A A M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Galactomannans are neutral natural polymers isolated from legume endosperm and with wide use in the biomedical field. As a consequence, there is a need to investigate materials for their properties in order to better understand and apply them. In this study, we analyzed the influence of pH medium on the crosslinking process of galactomannan and glutaraldehyde, changing the pH medium from 3 to 7, using a strong base. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FTIR) and the swelling profiles of the glutaraldehyde crosslinked galactomannan were evaluated. We have found that the glutaraldehyde-galactomannan crosslinking process is highly sensitive to the variation of pH medium. According to our results, best swelling capacity was achieved for samples prepared at pH=5, suggesting that this pH medium conditions is suitable for possible production of hydrogels prepared from glutaraldehyde-galactomannan.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of solidification microporosity and microstructure of aluminum alloys
Authors: Gu C , Luo A A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A three-dimensional model was developed to study microporosity evolution with grain growth during solidification by cellular automaton method. The simulations are able to show the evolution and morphology of both grain structure and porosity. The effects of shrinkage pressure and initial hydrogen content on porosity evolution and final porosity percentage are modeled and related to the location-specific microstructure of the solidified products. A wedge die casting, providing samples of different cooling rates, was used to validate the simulation results. X-ray micro-tomography was performed to obtain the relevant porosity information. The simulated porosity size, percentage and distribution considering both shrinkage pressure and hydrogen content were found to agree well with those from experimental measurements.
In situ observation of directional solidification in Ga-In alloy under a transverse DC magnetic field
Authors: He S , Shevchenko N , Eckert S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The directional solidification of a Ga-25wt%In alloy under the effect of a transverse DC magnetic field is investigated by X-ray radiography. The magnetic field pointing parallel to the X-ray beam is generated by two ring-shaped permanent magnets. The magnetic field reaches values up to ∼0.19 T in the field of view. The dendritic growth and the flow patterns of Ga-rich plumes migrating along the solidification front are captured and analysed. It shows that the local fluctuations of solute concentration are partially damped by the magnetic field. At the temperature gradient of 1 K/mm, the growth velocities of solidification front and plumes are not affected. In the case of higher temperature gradient (∼2 K/mm), the magnetic field causes an increase of the plume velocity in the horizontal direction and a decrease in the vertical direction while the velocity of the solidification front remains constant. Additionally, it is found that the magnetic field damps the fluctuations of tip velocity and refines the primary arm spacing. Above phenomena are discussed based on the thermoelectric magnetic and electromagnetic braking effects. The in situ experimental data are important for verification and improvement of the existing numerical simulations of solidification under the magnetic field.
Optimisation of the filling process in counter-gravity casting
Authors: Papanikolaou M , Saxena P , Pagone E , Salonitis K , Jolly M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Metal casting is one of the most energy-intensive manufacturing processes with limited resource efficiency. To solve the problem of high energy consumption, a novel counter-gravity casting process has been earlier introduced. This process also referred to as CRIMSON (Constrained Rapid Induction Melting Single Shot Up-Casting) makes use of melting metal, just enough to fill one mould cavity at a time. The molten metal is subsequently pushed into the mould with the help of a piston, using a counter-gravity controlled method. Although CRIMSON has been proven to be a highly efficient process with the potential to produce high quality final cast products, there is still room for optimisation of the process. The objective of this investigation is to estimate the optimum ingate velocity in order to ensure smooth filling of the mould and eventually reduce turbulence and the likelihood of defects in the final cast product. For this purpose, a computational framework integrating a CFD solver and an optimisation algorithm has been developed. The obtained results suggest that the optimised ingate velocity can contribute towards the smooth filling of the mould and effectively contribute towards the reduction of entrained air and surface defect concentration in the final cast product.
In situ analysis of cast irons mechanical behaviour using synchrotron x-ray tomography and 3DXRD
Authors: Sjögren T , Hall S , Elmquist L , Dartfeldt E , Larsson E , Majkut M , Elfsberg J , Skoglund P , Engqvist J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
When subjecting cast irons to mechanical loading the deformation and damage mechanisms occur on a microstructural level and are dependent on the inherent microstructure. A deeper understanding of the relation between the different microstructural constituents and the macroscopic mechanical behaviour would be beneficial in material development efforts and for the ability to design and cast components with tailored properties. Traditionally, microscopy examinations on sectioned cast iron samples have been used when analysing the microstructure in cast irons. Since all microstructural heterogeneity is in three-dimensions (3D), methods that provide a three-dimensional characterisation are essential for a deeper understanding of, both the microstructural features as well as the deformation and damage of cast irons. Therefore, different cast iron grades have been studied using synchrotron X-ray tomography and 3D x-ray diffraction (3DXRD) at ESRF in Grenoble, France. The samples were stepwise loaded and unloaded in-situ at in the tomography/3DXRD set-up to study the deformation with regard to microstructural constituents and the microstructural evolution in 3D. Based on the 3D tomography image sequences, digital volume correlation (DVC) was used for full strain field analysis and for the analysis of damage and deformation mechanisms. In addition, 3DXRD data were analysed to provide details on the lattice parameters and lattice strain of individual ferrite grains. This work shows the possibilities of such synchrotron experiments for advanced study of the mechanical behaviour of cast iron.
Modelling macrosegregation modification in dc casting of aluminium alloys in sheet ingots accounting for inlet melt flow, equiaxed grain morphology and transport
Authors: Pakanati A , M’Hamdi M , Combeau H , Založnik M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Macrosegregation is a severe defect present in direct-chill (DC) cast aluminium ingots and billets. In the recent years, experimental studies were conducted to modify and to an extent optimize macrosegregation formation by modifying the inlet melt flow. Due to several limitations, the grain settling behavior and corresponding liquid flow pattern is difficult to analyze using experiments. Simulations on the other hand can provide this insight. However, conducting 2D sheet ingot simulations, as has been previously done, provides an incomplete description of flow pattern. To avoid this and as a first qualitative study, full scale 3D sheet ingot simulation results with two different inlets are presented in this paper. A simplified three-phase multiscale solidification model accounting for solidification shrinkage, natural convection and equiaxed grain growth and transport is used to conduct this study. We show that modification of inlet flow results in modification of grain settling and eventually leading to modification of macrosegregation. The impact of grain morphology is also additionally analyzed.
Modelling the evolution of MnS inclusions and macrosegregation during solidification using a three-phase model
Authors: Cai D , Li J , Dong H , Li J 
Published: June 2020

AbstractManganese sulphide (MnS) is one of the major non-metallic inclusion in steel which greatly impacts the properties of steels. Previous models have been developed to simulate the dynamics of MnS during solidification without considering the effects of macrosegregation formation. A comprehensive model incorporating the formation kinetics of MnS with a ternary macrosegregation model is presented to investigate the evolution of MnS inclusions and its effects on C and Mn macrosegregation. Classical nucleation theory and a diffusion-controlled growth model are applied to describe the evolution of MnS, which is fully coupled with a two-phase ternary alloy solidification model. The model considers the growth of columnar dendrite trunks, thermosolutal convection of the melt, solute transport by convection and inclusion floatation. It has been applied to a benchmark case, and reasonable results are obtained with a good agreement with the reported experimental ones. The effects of MnS behaviours on the segregation of different solute elements are discussed.
Effect of Al-V-B grain refiner on refining aluminium alloys: estimation from ab initio calculations
Authors: Ma S , Zong N , Dong H , Jing T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory were conducted to estimate the effect of Al-V-B grain refiner on refining aluminium alloys. Al-Ti-B, an industrial grain refiner, was investigated simultaneously to act as a reference. Six interfaces formed by (111) Al with (112) Al3V(Ti), V(Ti)-terminated (0001) V(Ti)B2 and B-terminated (0001) V(Ti)B2 were studied in detail. Interfacial lattice mismatch, work of adhesion and stain-free interfacial energy were calculated for each of these interfaces, respectively. Analysis of interfacial energy demonstrated that Al3V overlayers are less likely to form on the surface of (0001) VB2 surface compared with the Ti-related system. By combination of interfacial lattice mismatch and work of adhesion, it was concluded that VB2 is much more potent in refining aluminium alloys than TiB2, while Al3V is much weaker in nucleant potency compared with Al3Ti.
Observation of semisolid deformation by using 4D-CT and 3DXRD
Authors: Narumi T , Nakata T , Yasuda H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray tomography (4D-CT) and three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) were performed to investigate semisolid deformation in Al–10mass%Cu alloy. The configurations of solid grains were observed in-situ by 4D-CT and the crystallographic orientations of grains were also measured by 3DXRD. Translation and rotation of the solid grains in the semisolid are quantitatively analysed by the reconstructed 3D images and the diffraction spots. Based on the in-situ observation, we discuss about the motion of the solid grains and the formation of the shear band during the semisolid deformation.
Predicting solidification cracking susceptibility of stainless steels using machine learning
Authors: Feng S , Dong H B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Machine learning, which reveals the complex nonlinear relationship in the archived data, is a powerful complement to theory, experiment, and modeling. In this study we attempted to predict solidification cracking susceptibility of stainless steels as a function of chemistry and processing parameters using machine learning with a data set that contains about 600 longitudinal varestraint test results. Four machine learning models, i.e. decision tree, random forest, shallow neural network and deep neural network, were used to mine the data set. Our results show: deep neural network outperformed other models in prediction accuracy; tree-based models have accepted accuracy and better interpretability than neural network; machine learning models transforms scattered experimental data points into a map in high-dimensional chemistry and processing parameters space. The combination of different machine learning models reveals that the solidification cracking susceptibility of stainless steels was mainly determined by the ratio of Ni content to Cr content, impurity element content and the strain level.
Probabilistic finite element analysis of the deflection on a beam
Authors: Meyghani B , Awang M , Wu C S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The reliability of complex systems can be quantified using probabilistic finite element analysis. A widely accepted approach is interlacing of probabilistic methods with commercial finite element solvers for evaluating the fatigue life. In this paper, the deflection of a beam is calculated using finite element method (ABAQUS® commercial software), then the results of the simulated model are employed in MATLAB®, which is used to determine the probability, reliability and the reliability index. It was found that the reliability index is around 1.2428, while the reliability value is calculated to be around 0.8930. From the calculations the values of the probability of failure (POF) was found to be around 0.1070. Finally, the results of the calculated maximum deflection have been compared and a good agreement is found.