bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of a nomogram for melanomas with brain metastases at initial diagnosis
Authors: Liu Hong , Xu Yan‐Bo , Guo Cheng‐Cheng , Li Ming‐Xin , Ji Jia‐Li , Dong Rong‐Rong , Zhang Ling‐Ling , He Xue‐Xin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundEstimation of incidence and prognosis of melanomas with brain metastases (MBM) at initial diagnosis based on a large cohort is lacking in current research. This study aims to construct an effective prognostic nomogram for newly diagnosed MBM.Materials and MethodsPatients diagnosed with melanomas from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program between 2010 and 2014 were enrolled in our study. Risk factors predicting brain metastases (BM) were identified using logistic regression analysis. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors of overall survival (OS). Nomogram for estimating 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month OS was established based on Cox regression analysis. The discriminative ability and calibration of the nomogram were tested using C statistics, calibration plots, and Kaplan‐Meier curves.ResultsSixty‐two thousand three hundred and sixty‐nine melanoma patients were enrolled, including 928 with BM. Sex, marital status, insurance status, subsite, surgery of primary sites, radiation, chemotherapy, bone metastases, liver metastases, and lung metastases were associated with MBM at initial diagnosis. On multivariable Cox regression, the following eight variables were incorporated in the prediction of OS: age, unmarried status, absence of surgery to primary sites or unknown, absence of radiation or unknown, absence of chemotherapy or unknown, with bone metastases, with liver metastases, and with lung metastases. The nomogram showed good predictive ability as indicated by discriminative ability and calibration, with the C statistics of 0.716 (95% CI, 0.695‐0.737).ConclusionsThe incidence and prognosis of MBM patients were well estimated in this study based on a large cohort. The nomogram performed well and could be a useful tool to predict prognosis.
Structure‐Activity Relationships Analysis of Monomeric and Polymeric Polyphenols (Quercetin, Rutin and Catechin) Obtained by Various Polymerization Methods
Authors: Latos‐Brozio Malgorzata , Masek Anna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlant polyphenols, especially flavonoids, are active and pro‐health substances found in fruits and vegetables. Quercetin and its glycoside rutin are representatives of flavonoids, commonly found in plant products. Catechins found in large quantities in tea are also a well‐known group of natural polyphenols. These compounds are based on the structure of flavan‐3‐ol, which is why the number, positions and types of substitutions affect the scavenging of radicals and other properties. Despite some inconsistent evidence, several structure−activity relationships of monomeric flavonoids are well established in vitro. However, the relationships between the activity and other properties of the polymeric forms of flavonoids and their structures are poorly understood so far. The aim of this article is to compare the data on polymerization of quercetin, rutin and catechin, as well as to systematize knowledge about the structure−activity relationship of the polymeric forms of these compounds.
Addressing the Reproducibility of Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Marx Maximilian , Mele Andrea , Spannenberg Anke , Steinlechner Christoph , Junge Henrik , Schollhammer Philippe , Beller Matthias 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReproducibility of photocatalytic reactions, especially when conducted on small scale for improved turnover numbers with in situ formed catalysts can prove challenging. Herein, we showcase the problematic reproducibility on the example of attractive photocatalytic CO2 reduction utilizing [FeFe] hydrogenase mimics. These Fe complexes, well‐known for their application in proton reduction reactions, were combined with a heteroleptic Cu photosensitizer and produced CO/H2/HCO2H mixtures of variable constitution. However, the reactions indicated a poor reproducibility, even when conducted with well‐defined complexes. Based on our experience, we make suggestions for scientists working in the field of photocatalysis on how to address and report the reproducibility of novel photocatalytic reaction protocols. In addition, we would like to highlight the importance of studying reproducibility of novel reaction protocols, especially in the fields of photocatalytic water splitting and CO2 reduction, where TONs are widely used as the comparable measure for catalytic activity.
A Porous and Interconnected Polypyrrole Film with High Conductivity and Ion Accessibility as Electrode for Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Mao Jingwen , Liu Congcong , Cheng Chi , Zhang Weimin , Liao Xiao‐Zhen , Wang Jiulin , Li Linsen , Yang Xiaowei , He Yu‐Shi , Ma Zi‐Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNanoporous electrodes with high electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties are attractive for high‐performance flexible supercapacitors. In this work, we report a flexible polypyrrole (PPy) film electrode synthesized by a modified versatile vapor‐phase polymerization (VPP) strategy. Differing from conventional VPP protocols that are likely to form smooth polymer films, it could easily engineer the PPy film with porous and interconnected structure by simply optimizing the concentration of oxidant and the polymerization time. The film electrode showed an exceptionally high electrical conductivity up to 94 S cm−1. The unique porous PPy films constructed by interconnected electronic/ionic conductive networks achieved a specific capacitance of 494 F g−1(corresponding to 836 mF cm−2) at a current density of 1 A g−1. The fabricated all‐solid‐state supercapacitor device with the PPy electrodes exhibited a specific capacitance of 300 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a high energy density of 26.67 kW kg−1. The high electrochemical performance and outstanding mechanical properties present the film electrode promising potential for flexible energy devices in various applications.
Application of fault monitoring and diagnosis in process industry based on fourth order moment and singular value decomposition
Authors: Chang Peng , Kang Olivia , Chunhao Ding , Lu Ruiwei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrincipal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) have been frequently used for process industry monitoring; however, their application on industrial sites is limited because they cannot be used to process data with non‐Gaussian distribution. Independent component analysis (ICA) has become a powerful modelling method for non‐Gaussian process monitoring. However, the ICA‐based modelling method has been found to contribute to double the amount of data loss in feature extraction. There are two reasons for this. First, when the PCA algorithm is used to whiten the original data, the smaller principal component is discarded. Second, when selecting independent components, some smaller independent components will be discarded according to the evaluation index. The abovementioned two data feature extraction methods may discard useful information for fault monitoring, which will inevitably lead to inaccurate fault monitoring. To solve this problem, a fault monitoring and diagnosis method based on fourth order moment (FOM) analysis and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. First, the fourth order moments of each process variable were constructed separately. Then, the data space of the fourth order moments was decomposed by singular value decomposition to establish the global monitoring statistics. Finally, the contribution diagram was drawn and the fault diagnosis was performed based on the global monitoring results. The proposed method was applied to the Tennessee Eastman (TE) simulation platform, and its effectiveness and feasibility were verified by a comparison with PCA and ICA.
PROX1 is a specific and dynamic marker of sacral neural crest cells in the chicken intestine
Authors: Margarido Andreia S. , Le Guen Ludovic , Falco Amandine , Faure Sandrine , Chauvet Norbert , de Santa Barbara Pascal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex network constituted of neurons and glial cells that ensures the intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. ENS cells originate from vagal and sacral neural crest cells that are initially located at the border of the neural tube. In birds, sacral neural crest cells (sNCCs) first give rise to an extramural ganglionated structure (the so‐called Nerve of Remak [NoR]) and to the pelvic plexus. Later, sNCCs enter the colon mesenchyme to colonize and contribute to the intrinsic innervation of the caudal part of the gut. However, no specific sNCC marker has been described. Here, we report the expression pattern of prospero‐related homeobox 1 (PROX1) in the developing chick colon. PROX1 is a homeobox domain transcription factor that plays a role in cell type specification in various tissues. Using in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence techniques, we showed that PROX1 is expressed in sNCCs localized in the NoR and in the pelvic plexus. Then, using real‐time quantitative PCR we found that PROX1 displays a strong and highly dynamic expression pattern during NoR development. Moreover, we demonstrated using in vivo cell tracing, that sNCCs are the source of the PROX1‐positive cells within the NoR. Our results indicate that PROX1 is the first marker that specifically identifies sNCCs. This might help to better identify the role of the different neural crest cell populations in distal gut innervation, and consequently to improve the diagnosis of diseases linked to incomplete ENS formation, such as Hirschsprung's disease.
Not just thinking, but believing: Obsessive beliefs and domains of cognitive fusion in the prediction of OCD symptom dimensions
Authors: Hellberg Samantha N. , Buchholz Jennifer L. , Twohig Michael P. , Abramowitz Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCognitive fusion (CF) involves the tendency to “buy in” to thoughts and feelings and consists of three empirically established domains: somatic concerns, emotion regulation, and negative evaluation. CF is hypothesized to play a role in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study examined how well the CF domains, relative to traditional cognitive–behavioural constructs (i.e., obsessive beliefs such as inflated responsibility), predict OCD symptoms. Fifty‐two treatment‐seeking adults with OCD completed self‐report measures of CF, obsessive beliefs, OCD symptoms, and general distress. Domains of CF were differentially associated with the responsibility for harm, symmetry, and unacceptable thoughts of OCD dimensions; yet after accounting for obsessive beliefs, only the negative evaluation domain of CF significantly predicted symmetry OCD symptoms. Obsessive beliefs significantly predicted all OCD dimensions except for contamination. These findings provide additional support for existing cognitive–behavioural models of OCD across symptom dimensions, with the exception of contamination symptoms, and suggest that the believability of thoughts and feelings about negative evaluation adds to the explanation of symmetry symptoms. Conceptual and treatment implications, study limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Di‐π‐Methane Rearrangement of Dibenzobarrelene Derivatives
Authors: Schlosser Julika , Cibulka Radek , Groß Philipp , Ihmels Heiko , Mohrschladt Christian J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is demonstrated that the di‐π‐methane (DPM) rearrangement of carbonyl‐substituted dibenzobarrelene (9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐ethenoanthracene) derivatives is induced by visible‐light‐induced triplet photosensitization with Ir(ppy)3, Ir(dFppy)3 or 1‐butyl‐7,8‐dimethoxy‐3‐methylalloxazine as catalysts, whereas derivatives that lack carbonyl substituents are photoinert under these conditions. Notably, the products are formed almost quantitatively.
Pyrazolium Phase‐Change Materials for Solar‐Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Matuszek Karolina , Vijayaraghavan R. , Forsyth Craig M. , Mahadevan Surianarayanan , Kar Mega , MacFarlane Douglas R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThermal energy storage technology utilizing phase‐change materials (PCMs) can be a promising solution for the intermittency of renewable energy sources. This work describes a novel family of PCMs based on the pyrazolium cation, that operate in the 100–200 °C temperature range, offering safe, inexpensive capacity and low supercooling. Thermal stability and extensive cycling tests of the most promising PCM candidate, pyrazolium mesylate (Tm=168±1 °C, ΔHf=160 J g−1±5 %, ΔHtotalv=495 MJ m−3±5 %) show potential for its use in thermal storage applications. Additionally, this work discusses the molecular origins of the high thermal energy storage capacity of these ionic materials based on their crystal structures, revealing the importance of hydrogen bonds in PCM performance.
Monitoring presence and abundance of two gyrodactylid ectoparasites and their salmonid hosts using environmental DNA
Authors: Fossøy Frode , Brandsegg Hege , Sivertsgård Rolf , Pettersen Oskar , Sandercock Brett K. , Solem Øyvind , Hindar Kjetil , Mo Tor Atle 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundInvasive species represent a major challenge for the conservation of biodiversity. The invasive ectoparasitic fluke Gyrodactylus salaris is considered one of the major threats to the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and the parasite has so far been detected in 50 rivers in Norway.AimsWe investigate environmental DNA (eDNA) as a tool for detecting and assessing relative abundance of G. salaris and Atlantic salmon, upstream and downstream of a recently constructed artificial migration barrier in the River Driva in Norway. In addition, we also use eDNA to assess abundance of the less pathogenic G. derjavinoides and its main host, the brown trout (S. trutta).Material & MethodsWe filtered 1 L and 10 L of water through a 0.45 μm cellulose filter and a 2.0 μm glass fiber filter, respectively, at nine different localities along the river. Concentrations of eDNA were assessed using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and compared to parasite abundance based on conventional methodology using electrofishing and the counting of individual parasites on juvenile salmon.ResultsAll four species could successfully be detected from water samples using two different protocols varying in sample volumes, filter types, and DNA‐isolation methods. However, eDNA‐occupancy modeling revealed that the probability of detecting the two gyrodactylid species was higher when filtering 10 L water through a 2.0 μm glass fiber filter (p > .99) than when filtering 1 L water through a 0.45 μm cellulose filter (p = .48–.78). The eDNA concentrations of the two fish species were markedly higher below the migration barrier, reflecting the expected higher biomass of fish. For the two gyrodactylid parasites, eDNA concentrations showed a peak upstream of the migration barrier and decreased below the migration barrier. The observed pattern was consistent with parasite abundance based on conventional methodology.DiscussionAssessing abundance in rivers using eDNA is challenging and potentially influenced by downstream accumulation and dilution from tributaries, but our results suggest that G. salaris eDNA concentrations were indicative of parasite abundance.ConclusionWe conclude that eDNA is an efficient way of monitoring gyrodactylid parasites and their salmonid hosts, and we suggest that eDNA should be incorporated into future monitoring of G. salaris.
Event‐scale pebble mobility observed by RFID tracking in a pre‐Alpine stream: a field laboratory
Authors: Ivanov Vladislav , Radice Alessio , Papini Monica , Longoni Laura 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding coarse sediment transport is crucial for the prediction of sediment migration and the consequent development of fluvial morphologies. In this study, cobble displacements in a pre‐Alpine creek have been recorded by means of radio frequency identification (RFID). Pebble monitoring has been systematically performed after each rainfall event with moderate precipitation, in order to exclude the superimposition of sediment displacements induced by triggering factors acting at different times. The analysis of the collected data was carried out through the application of both a principal component analysis and the Buckingham Π theorem. The experimental trends were interpreted considering the ratio of mobile pebbles, the pebbles' displacement and virtual velocity as the dependent variables. These quantities mostly depend on the event peak discharge, with a nonlinear increase of the travelled distance and a growth of up to two orders of magnitude of the virtual velocity (for an approximately 10× increase in peak discharge). An inverse dependency of the virtual velocity on the event duration was also observed. A comparison of the results obtained with those from laboratory investigations of bedload transport mechanics evidenced the differences in parametric trends associated with sediment mobility in the two environments. This contrast brings forward the combination of multiple drivers of sediment mobility, such as local morphology, sediment dimensions and flow unsteadiness, warranting a further in‐depth investigation. Representation of results in a dimensionless form is suggested as a good practice to analyse data from case studies characterized by different scales. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The moderator effect of age in the association between mood and adiposity in the elderly is specific for the subcutaneous adipose compartment: An MRI study
Authors: Portugal‐Nunes Carlos , Castanho Teresa Costa , Moreira Pedro Silva , Magalhães Ricardo , Marques Paulo , Costa Patrício , Palha Joana Almeida , Sousa Nuno , Santos Nadine Correia , Bessa João Miguel 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesThe positive association between obesity and depressive mood in young‐ and middle‐age individuals is a phenomenon with major clinical implications in public health. Interestingly, the trend of this association in older individuals is not clear, given the conflicting results of multiple studies. Since aging is accompanied by changes in body fat distribution, we questioned whether age is a modulator of such association. This study explores the role of age in the association between mood and general (body mass index [BMI]) and abdominal adiposity (waist circumference [WC]) in older adults characterizing the different abdominal adipose tissue compartments (subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT] and visceral adipose tissue [VAT]) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.MethodsOne hundred twenty aged community‐dwelling individuals (≥50 y of age) were assessed regarding depressive mood (Geriatric Depression Scale) and adiposity (BMI and WC). From these, 96 were assessed for SAT and VAT using MRI.ResultsUsing multiple linear regression models, depressive mood was positively associated with BMI, WC, and VAT. Age was a significant moderator of the association between depressive mood and BMI, WC, and SAT: positive in younger participants and null or negative in older participants. On the other hand, higher VAT was significantly associated with a more depressive mood, independently of age.ConclusionsThis study identifies age as a relevant moderator in the association between depressive mood and adiposity in the elderlies. Furthermore, the body fat compartment analysis revealed that the effect of age is specific for the SAT, suggesting its protective role in depressive mood.
Cost‐consequence analysis of an intervention for the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in young‐onset dementia: Results from the BEYOND‐II study
Authors: van Duinen‐van den IJssel Jeannette C.L. , Bakker Christian , Smalbrugge Martin , Zwijsen Sandra A. , Adang Eddy , Appelhof Britt , Zuidema Sytse U. , de Vugt Marjolein E. , Verhey Frans R.J. , Koopmans Raymond T.C.M. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cost‐consequences of an intervention for the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in nursing home residents with young‐onset dementia.MethodsA stepped wedge design was used. The intervention consisted of an educational program and a multidisciplinary care program and was implemented in 13 nursing homes from September 2015 to March 2017. Costs' outcomes included the time investment of the elderly care physician and health care psychologists regarding the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms, residents' psychotropic drug use, nursing staff absenteeism, and costs of the educational program. Composite cost measure contained the sum of costs of staff absenteeism, costs on psychotropic drugs, and costs of the educational program. Costs of time investment were investigated by comparing means. Costs of psychotropic drug use were analyzed with mixed models at resident level and as part of the composite cost measure on unit level. Staff absenteeism was also analyzed at unit level.ResultsCompared with care as usual, the mean costs of time invested decreased with €36.79 for the elderly care physician but increased with €46.05 for the health care psychologist in the intervention condition. Mixed model analysis showed no effect of the intervention compared with care as usual on the costs of psychotropic drug use, staff absenteeism, and the composite cost measure. The costs of the educational program were on average €174.13 per resident.ConclusionThe intervention did not result in increased costs compared with care as usual. Other aspects, such as the lack of a structured working method, should be taken into account when considering implementation of the intervention.
Inter‐annual simulation of global carbon cycle variations in a terrestrial–aquatic continuum
Authors: Nakayama Tadanobu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe advanced process‐based model, National Integrated Catchment‐based Eco‐hydrology (NICE)‐BGC, which incorporates the whole process of carbon cycling in land, was modified to include the feedback between soil organic content and overland carbon fluxes. It is a crucial and difficult task to evaluate the balance of the terrestrial carbon budget including the effect of inland water robustly. To accomplish this purpose, NICE‐BGC was applied to quantify the global biogeochemical carbon cycle closely associated with the complex hydrological cycle during the 36 years between 1980 and 2015. The model demonstrated that the inter‐annual variations of carbon cycle have been greatly affected by the extreme weather patterns. In particular, spatial distribution of temporal trends in riverine carbon fluxes and their relation to soil organic carbon (SOC) were analysed between different biomes and major river basins. Although there was a positive relationship between SOC and riverine flux of dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon in the northern boreal region, it is difficult to see this relation in other regions. Further, the evaluation of potential controlling factors of temporal trends in SOC and fluvial carbon exports was also helpful to quantify the inter‐annual variation or temporal trend caused by the various effects. SOC was more influenced by temperature variations, whereas riverine carbon exports were mainly determined by precipitation variations. Finally, net land flux including inland water (−1.49 ± 0.50 PgC/year) showed a slight decrease in the carbon sink in comparison with previous values (−2.33 ± 0.50 PgC/year). These results help to distinguish the carbon cycle in different river basins and to re‐evaluate carbon cycle change explicitly including the effect of inland water because this effect has been so far implicitly included within the range of uncertainty in the Earth's global carbon cycle comprising land, oceans, and atmosphere.