bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P.OXY. 2438 AND THE ORDER OF BOOKS IN ARISTOPHANES BYZANTIUS’ EDITION OF PINDAR
Authors: Ercoles Marco 
Published: December 2020

Two well-known ancient witnesses report that Aristophanes of Byzantium was responsible for the arrangement of Pindar's poems into seventeen book-rolls according to lyric genres (dithyrambs, hymns, etc.). These witnesses form fr. 381 in the edition of Aristophanes’ fragments by W.J. Slater (Aristophanis Byzantii fragmenta [Berlin and New York, 1986]):
Vit. Pind. P.Oxy. 2438.35–9 (LDAB 3724, TM 62542; late second/early third century a.d.) δ]ιῄρητα̣ι̣ δὲ α̣ὐ̣τ̣[ο]ῦ̣ τ̣[ὰ ποιήματα ὑπ’ Ἀριστοφάν]ους εἰς βιβλία ιζˊ· διθ̣[υ]ρά̣[μ]βων βˊ [προσοδίω]ν̣ βˊ παιάνων αˊ πα[ρ]θεν[εί]ων γ̣ˊ [ἐπινικίω]ν̣ δˊ ἐγκωμίων αˊ ἐν [ᾧ] κα̣ὶ [σκ]όλ̣[ια ±4 ὕμ]ν̣ων αˊ ὑ[π]ορχημάτων αˊ θρ̣[ήνων.| nisi aliter ind., omnia suppl. Lobel | 2 Ἀριστοφάν]ους Lobel e Vit. Pind. Vat. (q.v.) | 3 ἐν [ᾧ] κα̣ὶ [σκ]όλ̣[ια …. de Kreij : ἐν [ᾧ] κ[αὶ σκόλιά τινα vel ἐν [ᾧ] κ[αὶ σκόλιά ἐστι(ν) Gallo (1968, 73–4; 1969, 107) : ἐν [ᾧ] καὶ [παροίνια D'Alessio (2000) | 4 αˊ post θρ̣[ήνων coni. edd., fort. recte; an θρ̣[- βˊ?Vit. Pind. Vat. page 7.14–17 Dr. ὁ δὲ ἐπινίκιος οὗ ἡ ἀρχὴ “Ἄριστον μὲν ὕδωρ” προτέτακται ὑπὸ Ἀριστοφάνους τοῦ συντάξαντος τὰ Πινδαρικὰ διὰ τὸ περιέχειν τοῦ ἀγῶνος ἐγκώμιον καὶ τὰ περὶ τοῦ Πέλοπος, ὃς πρῶτος ἐν ῎Ηλιδι ἠγωνίσατο.A much-debated question is whether the order of the poems attested by the papyrus can be credited to Aristophanes, since an ordering principle is apparently not to be found in the list transmitted by it. Moreover, there are some disagreements with the list of Pindar's works transmitted by the Vita Ambrosiana, which is generally deemed the most authoritative catalogue of the poet's corpus, on account of its well-recognized criterion of classification: the poems are divided between those for gods (from hymnoi to hyporchēmata) and those for men (from enkōmia to epinikia), and both of these categories of songs are arranged from the most general (respectively, the hymns and the enkōmia) to the most specific (the remaining genres). This catalogue has been thought to reproduce the order established by Aristophanes in his edition of Pindar.
Sensitivity of a low-frequency polarimetric radio interferometer
Authors: Sutinjo A. T. , Sokolowski M. , Kovaleva M. , Ung D. C. X. , Broderick J. W. , Wayth R. B. , Davidson D. B. , Tingay S. J. 
Published: December 2020

Context.The sensitivity of a radio interferometer is a key figure of merit (FoM) for a radio telescope. The sensitivity of a single polarized interferometer is typically given as an antenna effective area over a system temperature,Ae/Tsys, assuming an unpolarized source. For a dual-polarized polarimetric interferometer intended to observe sources of unknown polarization, the state of polarization must not be assumed a priori. Furthermore, in contrast to the narrow field of view (FoV) of dish-based interferometers, the sensitivity of a polarimetric low-frequency radio interferometer warrants a careful review because of the very wide FoV of the dual-polarized antennas. A revision of this key FoM is particularly needed in the context of the Low-Frequency Square Kilometre Array (SKA-Low) where the sensitivity requirements are currently stated usingAe/Tsysfor a single-polarized antenna system, which produces ambiguity for off-zenith angles.Aims.This paper aims to derive an expression for the sensitivity of a polarimetric radio interferometer that is valid for all-sky observations of arbitrarily polarized sources, with neither a restriction on FoV nor with any a priori assumption regarding the polarization state of the source. We verify the resulting formula with an all-sky observation using the Murchison Widefield Array telescope.Methods.The sensitivity expression was developed from first principles by applying the concept of system equivalent flux density (SEFD) to a polarimetric radio interferometer (not by computingAe/Tsys). The SEFD was calculated from the standard deviation of the noisy flux density estimate for a target source due to system noise.Results.The SEFD for a polarimetric radio interferometer is generally not 1/√2 of a single-polarized interferometer as is often assumed for narrow FoV. This assumption can lead to significant errors for a dual-polarized dipole based system, which is common in low-frequency radio astronomy: up to ∼15% for a zenith angle with a coverage of 45° and up to ∼45% for 60° coverage. The worst case errors occur in the diagonal planes of the dipole for very wide FoV. This is demonstrated through theory, simulation, and observations. Furthermore, using the resulting formulation, the calculation of the off-zenith sensitivity is straightforward and unambiguous.Conclusions.For wide FoV observations pertinent to a low-frequency radio interferometer such as SKA-Low, the narrow FoV and the single-polarized sensitivity expressions are not correct and should be replaced by the formula derived in this paper.
Recurrence of galactic cosmic-ray intensity and anisotropy in solar minima 23/24 and 24/25 observed by ACE/CRIS, STEREO, SOHO/EPHIN and neutron monitors
Authors: Modzelewska R. , Gil A. 
Published: December 2020

Aims.We studied the 27-day variations of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) based on neutron monitor (NM), ACE/CRIS, STEREO, and SOHO/EPHIN measurements in the solar minima 23/24 and 24/25, which are characterized by the opposite polarities of solar magnetic cycle. We used the opportunity to reanalyze the polarity dependence of the amplitudes of the recurrent GCR variations in 2007–2009 for the negativeA < 0 solar magnetic polarity and to compared it with the clear periodic variations related to solar rotation in 2017–2019 for positiveA > 0.Methods.We used the Fourier analysis method to study the periodicity in the GCR fluxes. Because the GCR recurrence is a consequence of solar rotation, we analyzed not only GCR fluxes, but also solar and heliospheric parameters to examine the relations of the 27-day GCR variations and heliospheric as well as solar wind parameters.Results.We find that the polarity dependence of the amplitudes of the 27-day variations of the GCR intensity and anisotropy for NMs data is kept for the last two solar minima: 23/24 (2007–2009) and 24/25 (2017–2019), with greater amplitudes in the positiveA > 0 solar magnetic polarity. ACE/CRIS, SOHO/EPHIN, and STEREO measurements are not governed by this principle of greater amplitudes in the positiveA > 0 polarity. The GCR recurrence caused by the solar rotation for low-energy (< 1 GeV) cosmic rays is more sensitive to the enhanced diffusion effects, resulting in the same level in 27-day amplitudes for the positive and negative polarities. In contrast, the high-energy (> 1 GeV) cosmic rays that are registered by NMs are more sensitive to the large-scale drift effect, which leads to the 22-year Hale cycle in the 27-day GCR variation, with the larger amplitudes in theA > 0 polarity than inA < 0.
SMA active fiber pumps inspired by the squid mantle
Authors: Philen Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Squid possess a mantle that is able to quickly compress an internal fluid, thus providing a jetting locomotion that enables them to be the fastest aquatic invertebrates. The mantle possesses a complex collagen fiber and muscular system, and the primary propulsion is accomplished through circumferential muscles (90°) contracting around the mantel. In addition, jetting is enhanced through elastic energy stored in the helically-wound IM-1 collagen fibers. The angles of these fibers have been measured between 28° and 32° in different species of squid. Inspired by the muscular fiber configuration found in the mantle of squid, novel pumps that use shape memory alloy (SMA) active fibers oriented at precise angles around a cylindrical shell are investigated through experiments and analytical studies. A thermomechanical model of an SMA fiber is presented and the parameters are identified through experiments. Using the thermomechanical model of the SMA fiber, an analytical model of the SMA active fiber pump is presented and is validated through experiments. Results show that maximum pumping power and efficiency is achieved for pumps when the matrix modulus is less than the fiber modulus and the optimal fiber wind angle is ±55°. When the matrix modulus is similar to the fiber modulus, maximum pumping performance is achieved with a wind angle of ±90°, similar to the angle of the circumferential muscles in the squid mantel.
Household final energy footprints in Nepal, Vietnam and Zambia: composition, inequality and links to well-being
Authors: Baltruszewicz Marta , Steinberger Julia K , Ivanova Diana , Brand-Correa Lina I , Paavola Jouni , Owen Anne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The link between energy use, social and environmental well-being is at the root of critical synergies between clean and affordable energy (SDG7) and other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Household-level quantitative energy analyses enable better understanding regarding interconnections between the level and composition of energy use, and SDG achievement. This study examines the household-level energy footprints in Nepal, Vietnam, and Zambia. We calculate the footprints using multi-regional input–output with energy extensions based on International Energy Agency data. We propose an original perspective on the links between household final energy use and well-being, measured through access to safe water, health, education, sustenance, and modern fuels. In all three countries, households with high well-being show much lower housing energy use, due to a transition from inefficient biomass-based traditional fuels to efficient modern fuels, such as gas and electricity. We find that households achieving well-being have 60%–80% lower energy footprint of residential fuel use compared to average across the countries. We observe that collective provisioning systems in form of access to health centers, public transport, markets, and garbage disposal and characteristics linked to having solid shelter, access to sanitation, and minimum floor area are more important for the attainment of well-being than changes in income or total energy consumption. This is an important finding, contradicting the narrative that basic well-being outcomes require increased income and individual consumption of energy. Substantial synergies exist between the achievement of well-being at a low level of energy use and other SDGs linked to poverty reduction (encompassed in SDG1), health (SDG3), sanitation (SDG6), gender equality (SDG5), climate action and reduced deforestation (SDG 13 and SDG15) and inequalities (SDG10).
On the impact of excess diesel NO
X
emissions upon NO2 pollution in a compact city
Authors: Benavides Jaime , Guevara Marc , Snyder Michelle G , Rodríguez-Rey Daniel , Soret Albert , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Jorba Oriol 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
NO
X
emissions from diesel light-duty-vehicles (LDV) largely exceed the Euro emission standards in real-world driving conditions. Recent studies have quantified their impact upon air quality and human health primarily based on air quality models at mesoscale and large-scale resolutions. Here, we show that these approaches can significantly underestimate the impact of diesel LDV excess NO
X
emissions upon NO2 pollution in cities, particularly in the more compact and heavily trafficked ones. We compare an air quality mesoscale model at both 4 and 1 km resolution with a street-scale model in Barcelona, a compact city where the EU annual NO2 limits are repeatedly exceeded and a large share of passenger cars are diesel (65%). We compare consistently two emissions scenarios: a business-as-usual scenario where diesel LDV emit NO
X
in excess, and a counterfactual standard limits scenario where emissions are compliant with the Euro emission standards. We first show that in contrast to the mesoscale model, the street scale model is able to largely represent the observed NO2 concentration gradients between traffic and background stations in the city. In a second step, we find that the mesoscale model strongly underestimates the impact of diesel LDV excess NO
X
emissions upon NO2 pollution both in absolute terms (by 38%–48%) and relative terms (by 10%–35%). We argue that such underestimated impacts should be considered when assessing NO
X
excess emissions by LDV in cities. Using the street scale model, we find that diesel LDV excess NO
X
emissions are associated with about 20% of NO2 levels in the city, contributing substantially to an increased number of citizens exposed to high NO2 pollution in Barcelona.
Modelling the deceleration of COVID-19 spreading
Authors: Barzon Giacomo , Kabbur Hanumanthappa Manjunatha Karan , Rugel Wolfgang , Orlandini Enzo , Baiesi Marco 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
By characterizing the time evolution of COVID-19 in term of its ‘velocity’ (log of the new cases per day) and its rate of variation, or ‘acceleration’, we show that in many countries there has been a deceleration even before lockdowns were issued. This feature, possibly due to the increase of social awareness, can be rationalized by a susceptible-hidden-infected-recovered model introduced by Barnes, in which a hidden (isolated from the virus) compartment H is gradually populated by susceptible people, thus reducing the effectiveness of the virus spreading. By introducing a partial hiding mechanism, for instance due to the impossibility for a fraction of the population to enter the hidden state, we obtain a model that, although still sufficiently simple, faithfully reproduces the different deceleration trends observed in several major countries.
Evolutionary and Ecological Pressures Shaping Social Wasps Collective Defenses
Authors: Detoni Mateus , Feás Xesús , Jeanne Robert L , Loope Kevin J , O’Donnell Sean , Santoro Davide , Sumner Seirian , Jandt Jennifer M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial insects are well known for their aggressive (stinging) responses to a nest disturbance. Still, colonies are attacked due to the high-protein brood cached in their nests. Social wasps have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms to exclude predators, including nest construction and coordinated stinging response. Which predatory pressures have shaped the defensive strategies displayed by social wasps to protect their colonies? We reviewed the literature and explored social media to compare direct and indirect (claims and inferences) evidence of predators attacking individuals and colonies of wasps. Individual foraging wasps are predominantly preyed upon by birds and other arthropods, whereas predators on wasp brood vary across subfamilies of Vespidae. Polistinae wasps are predominantly preyed upon by ants and Passeriformes birds, whereas Vespinae are predominantly preyed upon by badgers, bears, and hawks. Ants and hornets are the primary predators of Stenogastrinae colonies. The probability of predation by these five main Orders of predators varies across continents. However, biogeographical variation in prey–predator trends was best predicted by climate (temperate vs. tropical). In social wasps’ evolutionary history, when colonies were small, predation pressure likely came from small mammals, lizards, or birds. As colonies evolved larger size and larger rewards for predators, the increased predation pressure likely selected for more effective defensive responses. Today, primary predators of large wasp colonies seem to be highly adapted to resist or avoid aggressive nest defense, such as large birds and mammals (which were not yet present when eusociality evolved in wasps), and ants.
Deciphering the genetic code of DNA methylation
Authors: Wang Mengchi , Ngo Vu , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDNA methylation plays crucial roles in many biological processes and abnormal DNA methylation patterns are often observed in diseases. Recent studies have shed light on cis-acting DNA elements that regulate locus-specific DNA methylation, which involves transcription factors, histone modification and DNA secondary structures. In addition, several recent studies have surveyed DNA motifs that regulate DNA methylation and suggest potential applications in diagnosis and prognosis. Here, we discuss the current biological foundation for the cis-acting genetic code that regulates DNA methylation. We review the computational models that predict DNA methylation with genetic features and discuss the biological insights revealed from these models. We also provide an in-depth discussion on how to leverage such knowledge in clinical applications, particularly in the context of liquid biopsy for early cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Conservative versus surgical treatment for Garden I hip fracture
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Fangzhu , Luo Jianguang , Zhu Liping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
A femoral neck fracture (FNF) is one of the most destructive and familiar injuries encountered via the orthopedic surgeons. However, this is no guideline for the treatment of the Garden I hip fractures because the current evidence is limited from the poor study design and small sample size. The objective of our research is to compare the safety and effectiveness of the surgical treatment and conservative treatment in the non-displaced FNFs.

Methods:
This is a randomized trial, which will be implemented from December 2020 to December 2021. The experiment was granted through the Research Ethics Committee of the Zhenhai District People's Hospital of Ningbo (2014005). Hundred patients meet inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria are included. Patients who are eligible for the following conditions will be included: those over 75 years old with Garden I hip fractures diagnosed by CT or X-ray. Patients with the following conditions will be excluded: patients age under 75 years old, the avascular necrosis of the femoral head, pathological fracture, infection, former symptomatic hip pathology, the history of hip fracture, as well as the lower limb deformity. The primary outcome contains pain at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months and hip function at 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Secondary outcome includes the life quality, mortality rate, complications such as deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism.

Results:
Comparison of outcome indicators in 2 groups after conservative treatment or surgical treatment (Table).

Conclusion:
The current trial will offer better evidence for the future treatment selection for Garden 1 FNFs for patients older than 75years old.

Trial registration number:
researchregistry6147.
Vitamin D supplementation for improving children with bone mineral density
Authors: Yuan Chengcheng , Qu Chunyan , Ji Weigang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Osteoporosis is usually one of the less perceived complications of chronic illness among children. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation may be valuable to bone density, especially among children with a deficiency of vitamin D. Yet, the results often remain inconsistent. Therefore, the present study investigates the clinical therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation to enhance children with bone mineral density.

Methods:
We will search the randomised controlled experiment literature of vitamin D supplementation for bone mineral density, focusing on children, in 3 distinct English databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed, and Cochrane Library) and 2 specific Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang databases). Additionally, we intend to explore the Clinical Trials.gov, reference lists of identified publication and the grey literature. Accordingly, we will use 2 independent authors to screen the literature, extract data, and research quality assessment. We will carry out all statistical analyses using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results:
We will systematically evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation to enhance children with bone mineral density.

Conclusion:
The present study will summarise the currently published pieces of evidence of vitamin D supplementation for bone mineral density in children to further comprehend its promotion and application.

Ethics and dissemination:
The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis founded upon existing or published studies; therefore, ethical approval is not applicable.

OSF registration number:
October 24, 2020. osf.io/7vtey. (https://osf.io/7vtey/).
Efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for treating acute ischemic stroke at different time windows
Authors: Huang Baogang , Qian Fang , Fan Xijun , Guan Shaoyong , Zheng Yan , Yang Junsu , Xu Fengming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
As the priority drug for treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS), alteplase is a thrombolytic drug with strong fibrin specificity. It can obviously treat AIS with high safety. However, the validity of its time window is controversial. This study focus on the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for treating AIS at different time windows.

Methods:
Retrieval of English database (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese database was conducted (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WAN FANG, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc) by computers. From the establishment of the database to October 2020, a retrospective study and case-control study on intravenous thrombolysis at different time windows for treating AIS were conducted. Two researchers independently conducted data extraction and quality evaluation of literature on the included studies, and RevMan5.3 was used for Meta-analysis on the included literature.

Results:
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase at different time windows for treating AIS by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, modified Rankin Scale rating scale, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage incidence rate, All-cause mortality, and so on.

Conclusions:
This study will provide an evidence-based basis for the clinical efficacy of alteplase for treating AIS by thrombolytic therapy at different time windows.

Ethics and dissemination:
Private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also does not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval was not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated at relevant conferences.

OSF Registration number:
DOI 10.17605 / OSF.IO / K7PHB
Identification of risk factors of developing pressure injuries among immobile patient, and a risk prediction model establishment
Authors: Yang Ke-Lu , Chen Lin , Kang Ying-Ying , Xing Li-Na , Li Hai-Ling , Cheng Peng , Song Zong-Hui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Backgroud:
Pressure injuries (PIs) bring a considerable physical and mental burden on immobile patients, and have put families and government under tremendous pressure to cover the cost of treatment. Therefore, this protocol proposes to identify risk factors of developing PIs in immobile patients from systematic reviews (SRs) and clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), in order to establish a risk prediction model for developing PIs and identify individual risk factors that can be modified to aid prevention.

Methods:
Electronic databases and specific databases for CPGs and SRs will be searched. Study selection and data collection will be performed independently by two reviewers. All included SRs and CPGs will be subject to critical appraisal. RevMan 5.3 will be used to calculate the pooled odds ratio (ORP) after appraising the quality of eligible studies, and the risk predictive model will be established using logistic regression model. A narrative synthesis, evidence summary table, and Sankey diagram will also be performed.

Results:
The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Conclusion:
This systematic review will provide a risk prediction model of PI developing.

INSPLAY registration number:
INPLASY2020100097