bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intersection of two key signal integrators in the cell: activator of G-protein signaling 3 and dishevelled-2
Authors: Vural Ali , Lanier Stephen M. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3, encoded by GPSM1) was discovered as a one of several receptor-independent activators of G-protein signaling, which are postulated to provide a platform for divergence between canonical and noncanonical G-protein signaling pathways. Similarly, Dishevelled (DVL) proteins serve as a point of divergence for β-catenin-dependent and -independent signaling pathways involving the family of Frizzled (FZD) ligands and cell-surface WNT receptors. We recently discovered the apparent regulated localization of dishevelled-2 (DVL2) and AGS3 to distinct cellular puncta, suggesting that the two proteins interact as part of various cell signaling systems. To address this hypothesis, we asked the following questions: (1) do AGS3 signaling pathways influence the activation of β-catenin (CTNNB1)-regulated transcription through the WNT–Frizzled–Dishevelled axis, and (2) is the AGS3 and DVL2 interaction regulated? The interaction of AGS3 and DVL2 was regulated by protein phosphorylation, subcellular distribution, and a cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptor. These data, and the commonality of functional system impacts observed for AGS3 and DVL2, suggest that the AGS3–DVL2 complex presents an unexpected path for functional integration within the cell.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Bio-electrosprayed human neural stem cells are viable and maintain their differentiation potential
Authors: Helenes González Citlali , Jayasinghe Suwan N. , Ferretti Patrizia 
Published: July 2020

Background: Bio-electrospray (BES) is a jet-based delivery system driven by an electric field that has the ability to form micro to nano-sized droplets. It holds great potential as a tissue engineering tool as it can be used to place cells into specific patterns. As the human central nervous system (CNS) cannot be studied in vivo at the cellular and molecular level, in vitro CNS models are needed. Human neural stem cells (hNSCs) are the CNS building block as they can generate both neurones and glial cells. Methods: Here we assessed for the first time how hNSCs respond to BES. To this purpose, different hNSC lines were sprayed at 10 kV and their ability to survive, grow and differentiate was assessed at different time points. Results: BES induced only a small and transient decrease in hNSC metabolic activity, from which the cells recovered by day 6, and no significant increase in cell death was observed, as assessed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, bio-electrosprayed hNSCs differentiated as efficiently as controls into neurones, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, as shown by morphological, protein and gene expression analysis. Conclusions: This study highlights the robustness of hNSCs and identifies BES as a suitable technology that could be developed for the direct deposition of these cells in specific locations and configurations.
Transcranial direct current stimulation and attention skills in burnout patients: a randomized blinded sham-controlled pilot study
Authors: Van Noppen Pia , van Dun Kim , Depestele Siel , Verstraelen Stefanie , Meesen Raf , Manto Mario 
Published: July 2020

Background: Burnout is characterized by deficiencies in attention and several components of the working memory. It has been shown that cognitive behavioral therapy can have a positive effect on burnout and depressive symptoms, however, the lingering effects of impaired attention and executive functions are the most frustrating. We hypothesized that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can improve the executive control of attention and possibly several other components of working memory in patients with burnout. Methods: This was a randomized double-blind sham-controlled pilot study with two groups. Patients with burnout received three weeks of daily sessions (15 sessions in total) of atDCS or sham stimulation in addition to three weekly sessions of standard behavioral therapy. The primary outcome measure was attention and the central executive of the working memory. Secondary, the effect of atDCS was measured on other components of working memory, on burnout and depression scores, and on quality of life (QoL). Results: We enrolled and randomly assigned 16 patients to a sham or real stimulation group, 15 (7 sham, 8 real) were included in the analysis. atDCS had a significant impact on attention. Post-hoc comparisons also revealed a trend towards more improvement after real tDCS for inhibition and shifting, updating and control, and encoding. Both groups improved on burnout and depression scores. Conclusion: These data provide preliminary evidence for the value of atDCS over the left DLPFC in rehabilitating attention deficits, and possibly also central executive and encoding deficits, in burnout. However, the current study has some limitations, including the sample size and heterogeneous patient population. More elaborate studies are needed to elucidate the specific impact of atDCS over the left DLPFC on burnout. Trial registration: ISRCTN.com ( ISRCTN94275121) 17/11/19
Estimation of time-varying reproduction numbers of COVID-19 in American countries with regards to non-pharmacological interventions
Authors: Manrique-Abril Fred G. , Téllez-Piñerez Cristian , Pacheco-López Mario 
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to estimate the basic reproduction number and the time-varying estimate of effective reproductive number of COVID-19 in American countries as they implemented non-pharmacological strategies for the containment of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Data sources included COVID-19 epidemic data from Johns Hopkins University’ data repository and official websites of countries with a relatively high incidence of COVID-19. The maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the and . The results showed that El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Panama, and Peru have the lowest, while the USA and Canada have the highest. Other American countries have an around 1.4. Countries could be divided into three groups based on the varied behavior of over time. The first group (Mexico, USA, Colombia and Brazil) started with a high, which decreased post-intervention. In the second group, the intervention was performed at the moment when the, is high and it decreased slowly post-intervention (Canada, Argentina, Chile Peru, Panama and Dominican Republic). In the third group (Bolivia, Peru and Guatemala), the, was erratic and could not be attributable to the intervention. There is a close relationship between and non-pharmacological interventions decreed by governments of countries for the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are also immediate changes in the behavior of the indicator, and therefore the progression of the outbreak, when the interventions were implemented closer to the index case for each country.
Conscious prone positioning during non-invasive ventilation in COVID-19 patients: experience from a single centre
Authors: Burton-Papp Helmi C. , Jackson Alexander I. R. , Beecham Ryan , Ferrari Matteo , Nasim-Mohi Myra , Grocott Michael P. W. , Chambers Robert , Dushianthan Ahilanandan ,   University Hospital Southampton Critical Care Team,   REACT COVID Investigators
Published: July 2020

Critically ill patients admitted to hospital following SARS-CoV-2 infection often experience hypoxic respiratory failure and a proportion require invasive mechanical ventilation to maintain adequate oxygenation. The combination of prone positioning and non-invasive ventilation in conscious patients may have a role in improving oxygenation. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of prone positioning in spontaneously ventilating patients receiving non-invasive ventilation admitted to the intensive care. Clinical data of 81 patients admitted with COVID 19 pneumonia and acute hypoxic respiratory failure were retrieved from electronic medical records and examined. Patients who had received prone positioning in combination with non-invasive ventilation were identified. A total of 20 patients received prone positioning in conjunction with non-invasive ventilation. This resulted in improved oxygenation as measured by a change in PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio of 28.7 mmHg while prone, without significant change in heart rate or respiratory rate. Patients on average underwent 5 cycles with a median duration of 3 hours. There were no reported deaths, 7 of the 20 patients (35%) failed non-invasive ventilation and subsequently required intubation and mechanical ventilation. In our cohort of 20 COVID-19 patients with moderate acute hypoxic respiratory failure, prone positioning with non-invasive ventilation resulted in improved oxygenation. Prone positioning with non-invasive ventilation may be considered as an early therapeutic intervention in COVID-19 patients with moderate acute hypoxic respiratory failure.
The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of superficial soft-tissue sarcomas
Authors: Fujiwara Tomohiro , Tsuda Yusuke , Le Nail Louis-Romée , Evans Scott , Gregory Jonathan , Tillman Roger , Abudu Adesegun 
Published: July 2020

Aims The existing clinical guidelines do not describe a clear indication for adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of superficial soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). We aimed to determine the efficacy of adjuvant RT for superficial STSs. Methods We retrospectively studied 304 patients with superficial STS of the limbs and trunk who underwent surgical resection at a tertiary sarcoma centre. The efficacy of RT was investigated according to the tumour size and grade: group 1, ≤ 5 cm, low grade; group 2, ≤ 5cm, high grade; group 3, > 5 cm, low grade; group 4, > 5 cm, high grade. Results The five- and ten-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) for all patients was 88% and 81%, respectively. While the efficacy of adjuvant RT was not proven in local control of all patients (five-year LRFS; RT+, 90% versus RT-, 83%; p = 0.074), the LRFS was significantly improved by adjuvant RT in group 2 (five-year LRFS; RT+, 96% versus RT-, 82%; p = 0.019), and group 4 (five-year LRFS; RT+, 87% versus RT-, 73%; p = 0.027). In groups 2 and 4, adjuvant RT significantly reduced the LR risk if the resection margin was clear but less than 5 mm; the LR rate was 7% with adjuvant RT compared with 26% with surgery alone (p = 0.003). There was no statistical relationship with the use of adjuvant RT and survival in every group. Conclusion Adjuvant RT reduces the risk of local recurrence in patients with superficial high-grade STS regardless of tumour size, especially when resection margin is less than 5 mm. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(8):1088–1094.
Inventário Obsessivo de Coimbra – versão reduzida (IOC-R)
Authors: Galhardo Ana , Anastácio Susana Paulina Correia , Cunha Marina , Massano Cardoso Ilda , Pinto Goveia José 
Published: July 2020

O Inventário Obsessivo de Coimbra (IOC) é um instrumento de autorresposta que integra duas escalas de 50 itens cada, que avaliam a frequência e o grau de perturbação emocional de sintomas obsessivo-compulsivos. Dado que se trata de um instrumento longo, a criação de uma versão reduzida (IOC-R) e estudo das suas características psicométricas constituíram os objetivos do presente estudo. Após alcançada uma versão do IOC-R composta por 19 itens, repartidos por cinco subescalas – “Contaminação/Lavagem”, “Indecisão/Lentidão”, “Verificação repetida/Acumulação”, “Conteúdos imorais” e “Pensamento mágico” –, realizou-se a análise fatorial confirmatória do modelo pentafatorial numa amostra de 338 sujeitos da população geral. O modelo testado revelou uma boa qualidade de ajustamento. A análise da sua consistência interna mostrou-se excelente. A fidedignidade teste-reteste foi indicadora de uma estabilidade temporal adequada. O IOC-R apresentou uma correlação forte com o Inventário de Pádua, que também avalia a sintomatologia obsessivo-compulsiva, e correlações moderadas com as Escalas de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress. Como tal, o IOC-R apresenta-se como um instrumento de autorresposta válido e fidedigno, de administração rápida, podendo ser utilizado, quer em contextos clínicos, quer de investigação.
Swarm control of an unmanned quadrotor model with LQR weighting matrix optimization using genetic algorithm
Authors: Joelianto Endra , Christian Daniel , Samsi Agus 
Published: July 2020

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) quadrotors have developed rapidly and continue to advance together with the development of new supporting technologies. However, the use of one quadrotor has many obstacles and compromises the ability of a UAV to complete complex missions that require the cooperation of more than one quadrotor. In nature, one interesting phenomenon is the behaviour of several organisms to always move in flocks (swarm), which allows them to find food more quickly and sustain life compared with when they move independently. In this paper, the swarm behaviour is applied to drive a system consisting of six UAV quadrotors as agents for flocking while tracking a swarm trajectory. The swarm control system is expected to minimize the objective function of the energy used and tracking errors. The considered swarm control system consists of two levels. The first higher level is a proportional – derivative type controller that produces the swarm trajectory to be followed by UAV quadrotor agents in swarming. In the second lower level, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is used by each UAV quadrotor agent to follow a tracking path well with the minimal objective function. A genetic algorithm is applied to find the optimal LQR weighting matrices as it is able to solve complex optimization problems. Simulation results indicate that the quadrotors' tracking performance improved by 36.00 %, whereas their swarming performance improved by 17.17 %.
A study effects of injection pressure and wall temperature on the mixing process of NOx and NH3 in Selective Catalytic Reduction system
Authors: Aditya Wardana Muhammad Khristamto , Lim Ocktaeck 
Published: July 2020

Diesel engines are commonly used for public transportation on-road and off-road applications. Growth production of the diesel engine is very significant from year to year. Nitride Oxide (NOx) from diesel engine was one of the major sources of air pollution. Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) has been successfully used to reduce NOx from a diesel engine with a chemical reaction from ammonia (NH3). The mixing reaction between NOx and NH3 reaction can produce steam (H2O) and Nitrogen (N2). However, ammonia uniformity pattern usually not homogenization and the ammonia was difficult to mix with NOx. The constant air flows incomplete to assist the spray injector to spread NH3 to all corners of SCR. The impact study of turbulent phenomena and standard k-epsilon Low-Reynolds Number model to the mixing process in the SCR system using STARCCM+. The simulation studies are conducted under different pressure (4 to 6 bars), the injection rate (0.04 g/s) and temperature (338 K – 553 K) and the high pressure and high velocity magnitude creating turbulent swirl flow. The ammonia decomposition process and mixing process with NOx were investigated using a box with optical access. The simulation and numerical study results validated using back pressure value and the distribution of NOx concentration value from the catalyst outlet. The wall temperature will increase the urea evaporation to generate ammonia and gas pressure will increase the mixing process and chemical process in the SCR system. These reactions enable to optimize the SCR system technology which eventually able to reduce the NOx quantity from a diesel engine.
THE FEATURES OF EMPATHY AND REFLECTION IN A PERSON AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF EDUCATION
Authors: Manuilov Gennadii Valerevich , Gorelova Galina Gazimovna , Yashchenko Elena Fedorovna 
Published: July 2020

Background: The article discusses empathy and reflection as psychological constructs in personality orientation during education and work-related activities. The article aims to study the features of empathy and reflection at different stages of education and work-related (for example, medicine-related) activities, as well as to search for the relationship between these constructs and certain individual psychological characteristics of a person. Materials and methods: The study involved 169 medical students aged from 17 to 30 years. The students were divided into 3 groups in accordance with the stages of education and work-related activities: first-year students (initial stage) – 59 persons, third-year students (practice-related stage) – 52 persons, fourth-year students (final stage of training) – 58 persons. The following research methods were used: the diagnosis of multicommunicative empathy after I.M. Yusupov, a technique for diagnosing the severity and direction of reflection by M. Grant, California Psychological Inventory. The following data processing methods were used: descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient, a multilayer perceptron neural network of a regression type. Results: The general level of empathy as a whole tends to increase from stage to stage and is higher at the final stage of education. In the structure of reflective processes, there is a predominance of self-reflection mechanisms aimed at analyzing one’s own inner world and areassociated with self-sufficiency and independence. Conclusion: Empathy is formed and developed when mastering the specifics and requirements of work-related activities. The predominance of self-reflection can adversely affect the understanding of the other person’s inner world, which is necessary for future subjects of socionomic professions. In the psychological profiles of students, there are qualities that conflict with each other and are the cause of intrapersonal conflicts, which lead to social maladaptation and frustration. Thus, psychological correction is required for resolving the identified contradictions at all stages of education.
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ADAPTATION IN FOREIGN STUDENTS WITH WEAKENED HEALTH
Authors: Milashechkina Elena Anatolevna , Gernet Irina Nikolaevna , Milashechkin Vitalii Sergeevich 
Published: July 2020

Background: About 40% of foreign students from 150 countries of the world study at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Unusual environment, other sociocultural traditions, climatic and geographic factors, time-related changes make special demands on the adaptationof foreign students. It is especially difficult for students with health status deviations. Aim: The article aims to assess the psychophysiological parameters of adaptation in foreign students with impaired health status. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on the basis of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Male students aged from 18 to 19 years participated in the study. All students belong to a special medical group for health reasons and are divided into two groups: the control (Russian students, n = 28) and experimental (foreign students, n = 35) groups. To assess the psychophysiological features of adaptation, the indicators of response to light and sound stimuli were used, as well as the test of maximum oxygen consumption, the duration of individual minutes, and the orthostatic test conducted with the help of Sports psychophysiologist hardware and software complex (no. 2010617789). The obtained data were subjected to variational and statistical analysis using the Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS (version 19.0 for Windows) software. The survey was conducted with the written consent of the students. Results: Significant differences in simple sensorimotor response to light and sound stimuli were revealed in foreign students compared to Russian students (P ≤ 0.05). Also, more than half of the students from both groups had a low level of physical performance. However, males from the experimental group were characterized by lower values. The duration of the individual minute in foreign students with health status deviations is much shorter than in students from the control group. There were no significant differences in the data btained in the orthostatic test. Conclusion: In males of both groups, pathological processes are characterized by a decrease in the functional capacities. However, most psychophysiological parameters are worse in foreign students. This indicates a decrease in the adaptive capacity of students from the experimental group and indirectly indicates the imbalance in the psychophysiological status.
ACTIVITIES OF SOVIET PSYCHOLOGISTS IN THE SOUTH URALS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors: Gorelova Galina Gazimovna , Manuilov Gennadii Valerievich , Popkova Tatiyana Aleksandrovna 
Published: July 2020

Background. On the 75th anniversary of the victory of the USSR in World War II, the discussion on the role of psychologists in this difficult time for the country is relevant. The article discusses the contribution of psychologists to the recovery and return to service of wounded soldiers on the example of A. Luria and his team in an evacuation hospital in the South Urals. The research activity and practice of psychological rehabilitation in a neurosurgical hospital are analyzed, the emergence of neuropsychology as a new direction in psychology is revealed. Aim. To identify the contribution of psychologists working in an evacuation hospital in the South Urals in the rehabilitation of wounded soldiers and mental health recovery. Theoretical foundations. The study was carried out by in-depth analysis of the scientific literature on Russian history and the history of psychology and scientific sources based on the works of A.R. Luria and his team in the postwar period. Results. During the war years, psychologists collected the richest empirical material, numerous data and results, on the basis of which articles and fundamental publications were prepared that determined and stimulated the emergence of new branches of psychological science (neuropsychology, military psychology, psychophysiology, health psychology). Of crucial importance for the development of science was the theory of the brain organization of the higher mental functions of a person, which defines higher mental functions as a complex form of mental activity, for the implementation of which certain brain structures are responsible – strictly differentiated formations combined into various systems. The emergence of a psychological community was also stimulated on the periphery, where before the war psychology was still almost undeveloped. Conclusion. The research of many Russian scientists and, in particular Alexander Luria, not only contributed to the great Victory of the Soviet people but also stimulated scientific progress. Psychology during the Great Patriotic War received a powerful incentive for its further development.
Pontryagin maximum principle and second order optimality conditions for optimal control problems governed by 2D nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Biswas Tania , Dharmatti Sheetal , Mohan Manil T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we formulate a distributed optimal control problem related to the evolution of two isothermal, incompressible, immiscible fluids in a two-dimensional bounded domain. The distributed optimal control problem is framed as the minimization of a suitable cost functional subject to the controlled nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard–Navier–Stokes equations. We describe the first order necessary conditions of optimality via the Pontryagin minimum principle and prove second order necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality for the problem.