bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing economic environment and expected return proxies
Authors: Yang Huan , Cai Jun , Webb Robert 
Published: December 2024

PurposeWe aim to examine two issues. First, we intend to identify the best performing expected return proxies. Second, we investigate whether the expected return proxies for individual stocks can track the corresponding realized returns during extremely good or extremely bad times of the economic environment related to business conditions, stock market valuation and broad market performance.Design/methodology/approachWe construct four sets of expected return proxies, including: (1) characteristic-based proxies; (2) standard risk-factor-based proxies; (3) risk-factor-based proxies that allow betas to vary with firm characteristics and (4) macroeconomic-variable-based proxies. First, we estimate expected returns for individual stocks using newly developed methods and evaluate the performance of these expected return proxies based on the minimum variance criterion of Lee et al. (2020). Second, we regress expected return proxies and realized returns on indicator variables that capture the extreme phases of the economic environment. Then we compare the estimated coefficients from these two sets of regressions and see if they are similar in magnitude via formal hypothesis testing.FindingsWe find that characteristic-based proxies and risk-factor-based proxies that allow betas to vary with firm characteristics are the two best performing proxies. Therefore, it is important to allow betas to vary with firm characteristics in constructing expected return proxies. We also find that model-based expected return proxies do a reasonably good job capturing actual returns during extremely bad and extremely good phases of business cycles measured by leading economic indicators, consumer confidence and business confidence. However, there is a large gap between the adjustment of model-based expected returns and realized returns during extreme episodes of stock market valuation or broad market performance.Originality/valueWe examine four types of expected return proxies and use the newly developed methodology as in Lee et al. (2020) to see which one is the best. In addition, we document whether model-based expected returns from individual stocks adjust partially or fully to keep pace with actual returns in response to changing economic conditions. No prior studies have examined these two issues.
Risk assessment of poverty-returning based on hybrid q-rung orthopair fuzzy EDAS and prospect theory
Authors: He Jifeng , Gao Luhong , Zeng Shouzhen 
Published: December 2024

PurposeAccurately identifying the risk of poverty-returning is a complex and critical challenge in current poverty alleviation efforts. However, there is currently no study on evaluation methods for the risk of poverty-returning. This study aims to establish a robust and systematic approach for an evaluation framework for the risk of poverty-returning.Design/methodology/approachBased on relevant assessment criteria, a maximum deviation method was established to identify the weights of the indicators. A complex evaluation methodology using prospect theory (PT), a q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (QrOFS) and evaluation relying on distance from average solution [EDAS] (QrOFS-PT-EDAS) was developed to evaluate the poverty-returning risks. Some policy recommendations to reduce the risk of poverty-returning have also been put forward.FindingsHis study identifies the risk factors of poverty relapse from nine aspects, including natural disasters, accidents and policy-driven poverty relapse. In addressing the evaluation challenge arising from uncertain decision-making, the QrOFS aligns more with people’s thinking habits and expression methods in complex environments. The proposed hybrid evaluation framework accurately measures the poverty-returning risk, which is beneficial for the formulation of policy recommendations.Originality/valueA scientific and comprehensive assessment system index for poverty-returning is constructed. A hybrid QrOFS-PT-EDAS framework is presented to make the evaluation results more scientific and objective. Several strategic recommendations for reducing the poverty-returning risk are presented. This study offers a novel framework for assessing poverty-returning issues that can be extended to many other areas.
Nonlinear moderating effects of individual social engagement in freemium strategies on digital content platforms
Authors: Xue Hanbing , Du Qianzhou , Liu Jin , Li Yongjun 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the moderating effects of individual social engagement on the effectiveness of freemium strategies in digital content platforms.Design/methodology/approachThis study involved conducting a randomized field experiment with 74,758 consumers on a prominent e-book platform in China, comparing the effects of offering the first 50 chapters for free against no free content. Additionally, a causal random forest machine learning algorithm was applied to analyze data and optimize strategies based on individual social engagement levels.FindingsThis study indicates freemium strategies on digital content platforms can increase consumer willingness to pay but may reduce social community participation. These effects are moderated by consumers' prior social engagement, with excessive interaction leading to diminishing returns.Practical implicationsThe study offers actionable insights for digital content managers, showing how tailored freemium strategies can effectively balance consumer engagement and revenue generation. The findings suggest that platforms can significantly enhance profitability by moderating free content offerings based on detailed analysis of consumer engagement histories.Originality/valueThis study enhances the understanding of freemium strategies by showcasing their dual impact on consumer willingness to pay and social engagement, and detailing the complex, non-linear effects of individual social engagement, which challenges the traditional linear assumptions in existing literature. Additionally, it provides insights for implementing mixed marketing strategies on digital platforms, where multiple strategies often interact, guiding the effective management of these complexities.
The Effectiveness of Polynucleotides in Esthetic Medicine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lampridou Smaragda , Bassett Sian , Cavallini Maurizio , Christopoulos George 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPolynucleotides (PN), popular in biorevitalization, show promise in the current sphere of esthetic medicine due to their regenerative properties, previously used in wound healing. Currently, research investigates their use in esthetic medicine. The aim of this review was to synthesize the existing literature, focusing on the effectiveness of PN in esthetic medicine, which is concentrated on skin rejuvenation by providing patients with multiple benefits and the least side effects.MethodsA systematic electronic search was conducted in Embase, Medline, and Cochrane to identify primary research studies evaluating the effectiveness of polynucleotides in esthetic medicine, published in English between January 01, 2010, and January 01, 2024. A narrative synthesis was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42024588712.ResultsNine studies, of low and moderate quality, were included in this review, describing a population of 219 patients receiving PN treatment. A variation was present regarding procedural characteristics, such as injection areas and techniques. Polynucleotide injections have shown promising outcomes in reducing wrinkles, improving skin texture, and enhancing elasticity, with statistically significant results in several studies. While side effects are generally mild and transient, patient satisfaction is moderate to high, suggesting PN treatment as a well‐tolerated and effective cosmetic intervention.ConclusionPolynucleotides offer promising potential in esthetic medicine; however, there is limited consensus regarding their optimal use. Rigorous, high‐quality studies are essential to validate the effectiveness and safety of PN.
Trends and variation in issuance of high‐cost narcolepsy drugs by NHS England organisations and regions from 2019 to 2022
Authors: van Someren Frederick , Wiedemann Milan , Warren‐Gash Charlotte , Sykorova Martina , Mistry Hema , Miller Michelle A. , Leschziner Guy , Nolte Ellen , Belot Aurélien , Smith Ian E. , Quinnell Tim , Eriksson Sofia H. , Strongman Helen 
Published: December 2024

SummaryClinicians and people with narcolepsy report varied access to higher‐cost narcolepsy treatments in England associated with variations in national and local commissioning. There are no publicly available data quantifying use of these drugs to support policy decisions. We therefore aimed to describe national, regional and local prescribing trends for higher‐cost narcolepsy drugs using new national databases. We used the English prescribing dataset and secondary care medicines data to quantify volumes of high‐cost narcolepsy drugs issued between 01 January 2019 and 31 December 2022. Volumes were converted to World Health Organisation defined daily doses, to estimate the monthly number of defined daily doses of sodium oxybate, pitolisant and solriamfetol issued by each integrated care board and region. We compared national, integrated care board, and regional level issuance of each drug over time. Analysis of almost 6000 primary care prescriptions and 2000 cumulative months of secondary care pharmacy stock data, issued across 41/42 integrated care boards in England, revealed a 49.1% increase in issuance of high‐cost narcolepsy drugs between 2019 and 2022. In 2022, sodium oxybate accounted for 52.66% of issuance, pitolisant 43.09% and solriamfetol 4.25%, with 22.31% of defined daily doses issued in primary care. Three integrated care boards (NHS Southeast London, NHS Cumbria and North‐East, NHS Cheshire and Merseyside) predominate, issuing 56.33% of all defined daily doses. Variations between integrated care boards and regions differ substantially by drug and route of issuance. Our findings describe substantial variation in the use of specialist narcolepsy drugs in England, and highlight the untapped potential of using large, public domain datasets to publicly review higher‐cost drug prescribing.
Drastic mycorrhizal community shifts in Sceptridium ferns during the generation transition from fully mycoheterotrophic gametophytes to photosynthetic sporophytes
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Okada Hidehito , Hirota Shun K. , Yamasaki Michimasa , Imaichi Ryoko , Ebihara Atsushi 
Published: December 2024

Summary

Many plant species experience a prolonged subterranean phase during which they rely entirely on mycorrhizal fungi for carbon. While this mycoheterotrophic strategy spans liverworts, lycophytes, and ferns, most empirical research has centered on angiosperms.

This study explores the fungal associations of Sceptridium (Ophioglossaceae), an early‐diverging fern with mycoheterotrophic gametophytes. We analyzed germination patterns and fungal associations in Sceptridium gametophytes, comparing them to the distribution and mycorrhizal partners of photosynthetic sporophytes.

High‐throughput sequencing data reveal that mycoheterotrophic gametophytes consistently associate with a single Entrophospora fungus in the order Entrophosporales (Glomeromycotina), while photosynthetic sporophytes primarily partner with fungi from Glomeraceae (Glomerales, Glomeromycotina). Consequently, gametophytes exhibit spatial clustering without association with adult plants. This is the first documentation of an association between Entrophosporaceae (and the order Entrophosporales) and mycoheterotrophic plants.

The drastic shifts in Sceptridium mycorrhizal communities across life stages likely reflect changing physiological needs during development. Further research is essential to determine whether the association with Entrophosporaceae is widespread among mycoheterotrophic species and to elucidate the functional and physiological mechanisms underlying these mycorrhizal shifts.
Gratitude in Context: Proposing the Dyadic Process Model of Interpersonal Gratitude
Authors: Pandelios Alexis , Wong Y. Joel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTResearch has suggested that the quality of gratitude exchanges varies, with some exchanges resulting in positive outcomes and others resulting in null and negative outcomes for intimates. However, a current conceptual model outlining the conditional nature of interpersonal gratitude exchanges is lacking within the literature. In this paper, we introduce the Dyadic Process Model of Interpersonal Gratitude, an updated conceptual model that delineates the boundary conditions of interpersonal gratitude exchanges. Using the model, we propose that the benefits associated with interpersonal gratitude expressions depend on the context in which gratitude operates, articulating the influence of communication factors and contextual factors on interpersonal gratitude exchange outcomes. Drawing from the Dyadic Process Model of Interpersonal Gratitude, we provide implications for future research and gratitude‐based interventions.
Lipschitz‐free spaces over strongly countable‐dimensional spaces and approximation properties
Authors: Talimdjioski Filip 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLet be a compact, metrisable and strongly countable‐dimensional topological space. Let be the set of all metrics on compatible with its topology, and equip with the topology of uniform convergence, where the metrics are regarded as functions on . We prove that the set of metrics for which the Lipschitz‐free space has the metric approximation property is residual in .
Continuous actions on primitive ideal spaces lift to C*$\mathrm{C}^\ast$‐actions
Authors: Pagliero Matteo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe prove that for any second‐countable, locally compact group , any continuous ‐action on the primitive ideal space of a separable, nuclear ‐algebra such that is induced by an action on . As a direct consequence, we establish that every continuous action on the primitive ideal space of a separable, nuclear ‐algebra is induced by an action on a ‐algebra with the same primitive ideal space. Moreover, we discuss an application to the classification of equivariantly ‐stable actions.
Effect of Vanadium-Alloying on Microstructural Evolution and Strengthening Mechanisms of High-Nitrogen Steel Processed by High-Pressure Torsion
Authors: Astafurova E. G. , Maier G. G. , Astafurov S. V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the effect of high-pressure torsion on the microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, and strengthening mechanisms of high-nitrogen austenitic steels with different vanadium content: Fe-23Cr-19Mn-0.2C-0.5N, Fe-19Cr-21Mn-1.3V-0.3C-0.8N, and Fe-18Cr-23Mn-2.6V-0.3C-0.8N, wt %. Regardless of the chemical composition of the steels, high-pressure torsion (HPT) causes the refinement of their microstructure due to a high density of dislocations, twin boundaries, and shear bands. Vanadium alloying decreases the stacking fault probability in the structure of the steels and changes their dominating deformation mechanism under high-pressure torsion: from planar dislocation slip and twinning in the vanadium-free steel to dislocation slip with a tendency to shear band formation in the vanadium-alloyed steels. An increase in the vanadium content forces precipitation hardening. Thus, after HPT, the V-alloyed steels have a higher microhardness as compared to the vanadium-free one. Different strengthening factors (strain hardening, solid solution hardening, and precipitation strengthening) govern the value and kinetics of growth of microhardness of the steels processed by high-pressure torsion. Vanadium alloying and increasing its content result in the growth of the contribution of precipitation hardening and decreases strain hardening of high-nitrogen steels.
Association ofAPOEgenotype with CT markers of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Yang Qiong , Zeng Xiangzhu , Tang Lu , Liu Xiaolu , Xia Kailin , Gao Feng , Huang Xu , Li Nan , Fan Dongsheng 
Published: December 2024

Background and objectiveWe investigated the association ofAPOEalleles with CT-based cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) markers including subarachnoid extension (SAE) and finger-like projection (FLP).MethodsWe included patients with acute primary supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) from a multicentre cohort in China. First, the association ofAPOEwith ICH location (lobar vs non-lobar) was evaluated. Next, the relationships ofAPOEwith SAE, FLP, and the coexistence of the two (SAE+FLP) were evaluated.Results533 patients with supratentorial ICH were enrolled. Among them were 138 patients with lobar ICH and 395 with non-lobar ICH. Compared with the non-lobar group,APOEε4 (OR 1.894, 95% CI 1.138 to 3.154, p=0.014) and ε2/ε4 (OR 6.098, 95% CI 1.414 to 26.293, p=0.015) were associated with lobar ICH. With regard to CAA markers,APOEε2 was associated with SAE (OR 2.109, 95% CI 1.167 to 3.810, p=0.013), ε4 was associated with FLP and SAE+FLP (OR 3.026, 95% CI 1.353 to 6.767, p=0.007; OR 3.514, 95% CI 1.485 to 8.316, p=0.004, respectively) and ε2/ε4 was associated with all three factors (SAH: OR 7.599, 95% CI 1.764 to 32.734, p=0.006; FLP: OR 20.333, 95% CI 3.278 to 126.137, p=0.001; SAE+FLP: OR 30.568, 95% CI 4.460 to 209.503, p<0.001) after adjusting for age, and remained significant after adjusting for age and ICH volume.ConclusionIn patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH,APOEε2 and ε4 alleles were associated with SAE and FLP, respectively, suggestingAPOEallele-specific effects on CT markers of CAA and their potential mechanisms.
Gross motor delays in infants and young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lowes Linda P. , Reash Natalie F. , Iammarino Megan A. , Connolly Anne M. , Pietruszewski Lindsay , Smith Melissa A. , Peng Jing , Steiner Christopher L. , Tsao Chang-Yong , Waldrop Megan A. , Flanigan Kevin M. , Chagat Shannon , Meyer Alayne P. , Mendell Jerry R. , Alfano Lindsay N. 
Published: December 2024

Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is being added to required universal screening programs for newborns in the United States. It is estimated that this will result in around 880 patients presenting at clinics in infancy. Very little is known about the early gross motor abilities in infants and young boys with DMD. Objective Describe the early gross motor skill acquisition in boys in our clinic with DMD. Methods Between the years 2016 and 2024, 90 boys with DMD under the age of 6 years (2 months – 5 years 10 months at their first visit) were evaluated as part of their standard of care during regularly scheduled clinic visits using the using the Bayley Scales of Infant & Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Forty-seven boys were seen in clinic longitudinally with two to six follow up visits for a total of 129 assessments. Results Ninety four percent of the boys with DMD seen in our clinic demonstrated delays in gross motor skills across the age span when compared with normative controls. None of the boys reached a ceiling on the Bayley-III despite being older than the intended age range of the test. Conclusions Our clinic data showed an almost universal gross motor delay in infants and toddlers that did not diminish over time.
Newborn screening and rapid genomic diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Dangouloff Tamara , Lang Helena , Benmhammed Noor , Servais Laurent 
Published: December 2024

Background In recent years, treatments have been approved for certain neuromuscular diseases. In some cases, early pre-symptomatic treatment is necessary for optimal response, and thus newborn screening is critical. Objective To review the current status of newborn screening programs for neuromuscular diseases and early diagnosis through genetic testing. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was performed on PubMed for screening of neuromuscular diseases; the search was conducted on literature available as of 1 May 2024. Results Included were 77 articles on newborn screening for seven diseases: spinal muscular atrophy (19 studies), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (15), Pompe disease (20), X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (14), Krabbe disease (6), metachromatic leukodystrophy (2), and myotonic dystrophy 1 (1). Ten articles on rapid genomic diagnosis were identified. Conclusion Since 2021, newborn screening programs for neuromuscular diseases have been established, notably in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, Pompe disease, and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Even in diseases where treatment is currently not life-changing, such as Krabbe disease, new newborn screening programs continue to be implemented, especially in the USA. The use of genetic diagnostic tests does not yet appear to be widespread or at least not widely reported. As new treatments become available, genomic newborn screening programs will need to be rapidly and broadly implemented.
A progranulin gene deletion in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with corticobasal syndrome in a TREDEM case report
Authors: Gallucci Maurizio , Da Ronch Chiara , Bendini Matteo , Fiore Vittorio , Turolla Licia , Ferrarini Moreno , Fabrizi Gian Maria , Tiraboschi Pietro 
Published: December 2024

Background Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia usually presents with behavioral and personality changes, social disinhibition, apathy, and lack of empathy, and is characterized by atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes. Corticobasal syndrome is characterized by asymmetrical involuntary movements, rigidity, apraxia, tremor, dystonia, and cortical sensory deficits. Objective We present the case of a 59-year-old patient with a frontotemporal presentation and parkinsonism linked to progranulin gene deletion. We also report the clinical workup needed to reach the diagnosis. Methods Clinical, neuropsychological, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-Flutemetamol positron emission tomography (PET), dopamine-transporter-single-photon emission computed tomography imaging, electroencephalography, and genetic evaluations were conducted. Results Our patient presented initially with executive and mnesic deficits along with the presence of apathy and loss of autonomy. Subsequently the cognitive deficits became associated with parkinsonian-like movement disorders and apraxia. Structural images showed right onset temporal and insular atrophy, and the PET images demonstrated right frontotemporal hypometabolism and the absence of amyloid in the cortex. The molecular analysis revealed a heterozygous deletion c.813_816delCACT on the GRN gene. This variant has been reported in the literature as pathogenic and associated with autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia and corticobasal degeneration. Our patient presented different clinical features than those of the members of the families already described. In these families, some patients either presented immediately with motor syndrome with extrapyramidal features, or never developed extrapyramidal signs. Some subjects presented prevalent language dysfunction while others never presented memory disorders. Conclusions The clinical case highlights the phenotypic variability of this entity.