bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symmetric All‐Organic Battery Containing a Dual Redox‐Active Polymer as Cathode and Anode Material
Authors: Casado Nerea , Mantione Daniele , Shanmukaraj Devaraj , Mecerreyes David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAll‐organic batteries are a promising sustainable energy storage technology owing to the wide availability, flexibility, and recyclability of organic/polymeric compounds. The development of all‐organic or polymer batteries is still a challenge, as both electrode materials need to be carefully optimized to have a wide difference of redox potential and compatibility with the electrolyte. Herein, dual redox‐active polyimides based on phenothiazine and naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride units are presented. After only one optimization step, the electrodes based on these dual redox polymers can be applied simultaneously as anode and cathode in a symmetric all‐organic battery. The phenothiazine functional polyimide shows two redox active voltages at around 2.5 and 3.7 V (vs. Li/Li+) with high discharge capacities of 160 mAh g−1. Moreover, the symmetric full battery delivers high power density up to 1542 W kg−1 with stable cyclability for 1000 cycles. This work demonstrates an efficient strategy to develop dual redox active polymer electrodes for next generation all‐polymer batteries.
A consistent QoS routing strategy for video streaming services in SDN networks
Authors: Henni Djamel Eddine , Ghomari Abdelghani , Hadjadj‐Aoul Yassine 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe software‐defined networking (SDN) paradigm proposes to decouple the control plane (decision‐making process) and the data plane (packet forwarding) to overcome the limitations of traditional network infrastructures, which are known to be difficult to manage, especially at scale. Although there are previous works focusing on the problem of quality of service (QoS) routing in SDN networks, only few solutions have taken into consideration the network consistency, which reflects the adequacy between the decisions made and the decisions that should be taken. Therefore, we propose a network architecture that guarantees the consistency of the decisions to be taken in an SDN network. A consistent QoS routing strategy is then introduced in a way that avoids any quality degradation of prioritized traffic while optimizing resources usage. Thus, we proposed a traffic dispersion heuristic in order to achieve this goal. We compared our approach with several existing framework in terms of best‐effort flows average throughput, average video bitrate, and video quality of experience (QoE). The emulation results, which are performed using the Mininet environment, clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach that outperforms existing frameworks.
Remote estimation of overwintering home ranges in an elusive, migratory nocturnal bird
Authors: Tonra Christopher M. , Wright James R. , Matthews Stephen N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDue to a long running research bias toward the breeding season, there are major gaps in knowledge on the basic nonbreeding ecology of many species, preventing a full‐annual cycle focus in ecology and conservation. Exacerbating this problem is the fact that many species are extremely difficult to detect outside of breeding. Here, we demonstrate a partial solution to this problem by using archival GPS tags to examine the overwintering ecology of a migratory nocturnal bird, the eastern whip‐poor‐will (Antrostomus vociferous). We deployed tags on 21 individuals and were able to recover 11 (52%) one year later. Tags collected high precision (approx. 10 m) points throughout the nonbreeding period. With continuous time movement models, we used these data to estimate overwintering home ranges. All individuals exhibited at least one bounded home range during this phase of the annual cycle, three of eleven had two wintering locations, and home range area ranged from 0.50 to 10.85 ha. All overwintering home ranges contained closed‐canopy forest land cover (42%–100%), and no other land cover type represented >40% of any home range. We found some evidence, with caveats, that total edge within the landscape surrounding the home range was negatively related to home range area. The prevalence of contiguous closed‐canopy forest cover in overwintering home ranges contrasts with apparent breeding habitat preferences, which includes clear‐cuts and other, more open, habitats. This study is the first to reveal key aspects of overwintering space use in this species by using archival GPS to overcome both logistical and methodological limitations. Expanded use of such technology is critical to gathering basic ecological and distributional data, necessary for achieving a more complete understanding of full‐annual cycles of animal populations.
A Conceptual Framework for Authentic Writing Assignments: Academic and Everyday Meet
Authors: Wargo Katalin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe author provides a conceptual framework that illustrates the spectrum of authentic writing assignments and operationalizes authenticity, in an effort to guide practitioners toward crafting writing assignments that are meaningful for students by reflecting and replicating the kinds of writing that occur outside of the academic context. The author outlines the research on authentic writing assignments and examines latent authenticity and functional authenticity while providing examples to illustrate differences between the two. The author also discusses the mixing of different elements to create both latent and functional authentic writing assignments.
“To Be, or Not to Be”: Modernizing Shakespeare With Multimodal Learning Stations
Authors: Harvey Miles , Deuel Adrianna , Marlatt Rick 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn an eighth‐grade English language arts class, 100 students used virtual reality headsets, augmented reality–capable smartphones, tablets, desktop computers, online scavenger hunts, and print‐based texts as an introduction to William Shakespeare's life and works. The authors highlight the need for educators to offer multimodal instruction that responds to literary appetites of adolescent readers. A preservice teaching candidate and two teacher educators experimented with multimodal instruction to support introductory activities that helped adolescent readers develop meaningful relationships with challenging texts. Findings showcase literacy engagement characterized by immersion, collaboration, and modernization of content. Recommendations are made for future research in the area of multimodal literacy learning.
The development and validation of the laryngopharyngeal measure of perceived sensation
Authors: Melancon C. Claire , Russell Gregory B. , Ruckart Kathryn , Persia Sarah , Peterson Margarita , Carter Wright S. , Madden Lyndsay L. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesGlobus pharyngeus (GP) is described as the subjective sensation of having a “lump” in the throat in the absence of correlating physical findings or dysphagia. Historically, despite the frequency of patient complaints, GP has been difficult to quantify with current outcome measures. This is in large part due to lack of a user‐friendly, modernized, objective patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) of symptom severity. The aim of this study is to develop a modernized, practical, validated PROM for evaluating GP symptom severity.MethodsThe Laryngopharyngeal Measure of Perceived Sensation (LUMP questionnaire) was created in three phases: 1) item generation by an expert panel involving two laryngologists and two speech language pathologists developed from common patient‐reported GP symptoms, with patient confirmation; 2) line‐item reduction based on internal consistency and reliability; 3) and instrument validity, which was assessed by administering the questionnaire to patients complaining of GP as well as patients without GP.ResultsA 19‐item questionnaire was developed from an expert panel, which was then administered to 110 patients, 100 of whom met inclusion criteria. After statistical analysis, less internally consistent or relevant questions were removed, leaving eight items with an internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) of 0.892. When administered to 54 patients with GP versus 31 normal patients, the mean score was found to be higher in those with GP versus normal patients (Pvalue <0.0001).ConclusionPreliminary results suggest the eight‐item LUMP questionnaire is a valuable PROM for evaluating GP symptom severity.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 2019
Covalent Chitosan‐Cellulose Hydrogels via Schiff‐Base Reaction Containing Macromolecular Microgels for pH‐Sensitive Drug Delivery and Wound Dressing
Authors: Du Shoukang , Chen Xiaojin , Chen Xiaofei , Li Shengke , Yuan Guoliang , Zhou Tianle , Li Jianliang , Jia Yang , Xiong Dangsheng , Tan Huaping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWound dressings with pH‐sensitive properties, stable mechanical performance, and antibacterial properties have great potential for clinical applications. Herein, drug‐loaded microgels via Schiff‐base reaction between carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized carboxymethyl cellulose are fabricated. Then they are embedded in hydrogels to form a hydrogel‐microgels composite (Gel/MGs). The gelation time, morphologies, swelling ratio, weight loss ratio, mechanical properties, pH‐sensitive drug release profiles, and antibacterial activities are examined. Adding microgels endows the hydrogels with more stable properties, enhanced mechanical performance, and drug release sensitivity to both acid and alkali in vitro. Gel/MGs dressings show a steady mass after 6 h and even maintain its 95.4% initial mass after 14 days in pH 7.4. In pH 9.5, Gel/MGs dressings also show a higher cumulative release of silver sulfadiazine than that in pH 7.4 and pH 5.5. Gel/MGs/AgSD dressings demonstrate desirable antibacterial properties, which may ensure their potential application in wound dressing.
Wealth and Obesity Among US Adults Entering Midlife
Authors: Wolfe Joseph D. , Baker Elizabeth H. , Scarinci Isabel C. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThis study examines the relationship between wealth and obesity among adults entering midlife and whether this relationship varies by sex, race, and measure of wealth.MethodsThe data were obtained from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY‐79). Population‐averaged models were used to examine the associations between multiple measures of wealth and obesity among 6,979 respondents while controlling for education, occupation, income, and relevant sociodemographic variables.ResultsThe analysis found a robust association between wealth and midlife obesity as well as heterogeneity in the wealth‐obesity association across sex, race, and measure of wealth. With the exception of black men, net worth generally had a significant and inverse relationship with obesity. The net worth–obesity association was largest among women and was driven primarily by home value, in addition to savings and debt for black women. Although home value was significant for white men, the components of wealth were generally unrelated to obesity among men.ConclusionsThe association between wealth and obesity was generally robust but also complex, depending on sex, race, and measure of wealth. Research that does not consider multiple components of wealth may overlook the importance of economic resources in shaping obesity rates in the US population.
Synthesis of bio‐based poly (cyclotriphosphazene‐resveratrol) microspheres acting as both flame retardant and reinforcing agent to epoxy resin
Authors: Yang Danqi , Dong Luming , Hou Xudong , Zheng Weikang , Xiao Jian , Xu Jianzhong , Ma Haiyun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA highly cross‐linked poly (cyclotriphosphazene‐resveratrol) microsphere (PRV) was synthesized by using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and bio‐based resveratrol (REV) as raw materials, and the obtained PRV microspheres were applied to improve the flame retardancy and mechanical property of epoxy resin (EP). The TGA results showed that the PRV microsphere is an excellent charring agent and the char yield is as high as 62% at 800°C. The incorporation of PRV makes the initial degradation earlier yet significantly increases the char residue of EP composites. Moreover, the introduction of PRV microspheres into EP greatly promoted the flame retardancy performance. Under 3% of addition of PRV microspheres, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) were decreased by 58.3% and 29.6%, respectively, the limited oxygen index (LOI) value was increased to 29.7% from 25.3% of pure EP. In addition, because of the uniform distribution in EP matrix and the enhancing effect of PRV microspheres, the mechanical properties including tensile modulus of EP composites were strengthened. PRV microspheres in this paper provide a possibility to synthesize a dual functional filler, which acts as both flame retardant and strengthening agent.
Constructing the core–shell structured island domain in polymer blends to achieve high dielectric constant and low loss
Authors: Yang Jing‐hui , Zhang Ting‐ting , Zhang Yong‐sheng , Zhang Nan , Huang Ting , Wang Yong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) (BT) were simultaneously introduced into the immiscible blend poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)/thermoplastic urethane (EVA/TPU), and the EVA/TPU/CNT/BT quaternary polymer composite blends with core–shell structured island TPU domain were successfully prepared, in which CNTs in the TPU domain act as the core and the BT spheres at the interface of the TPU and EVA act as the shell. A core–shell structured island can lead to the formation of micro‐capacitors and further accumulate electron storage owing to the incorporation of CNTs and BT; on the other hand, a BT shell can be assembled along the TPU spheres, reducing the possibility of formation of a conductive CNT network, resulting in suppressed dielectric loss. Therefore, CNTs and BT were tailor‐made into blend composites with a core–shell structured domain, which can achieve an increased dielectric constant by 176% and decreased low dielectric loss by 80% compared with the blend composites with only CNTs in the TPU domain. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The Long Ashton Legacy: Characterising United Kingdom West Country cider apples using a genotyping by targeted sequencing approach
Authors: Harper Helen , Winfield Mark O. , Copas Liz , Przewieslik‐Allen Sacha A. , Barker Gary L. A. , Burridge Amanda , Hughes Bob R. , Davies Les , Edwards Keith J. 
Published: October 2019

Societal Impact StatementThe English West Country is the home of cider making, providing the region with jobs and industry, as well as cultural reference points such as Laurie Lee's Cider with Rosie. Many important cider apple varieties were developed at Long Ashton Research Station (LARS), near Bristol, UK, including 29 varieties known collectively as ‘The Girls’. After its closure, some of the knowledge and expertise acquired at Long Ashton was lost, including the pedigree of ‘The Girls’. We sampled LARS’ derived trees and, using a novel genotyping technique, rediscovered the pedigree of ‘The Girls’, ensuring that this important cider apple collection will be available for future generations.
Summary

Our research had two objectives: (a) record the influence of Long Ashton Research Station on the introduction of new cider apple cultivars to the UK; (b) rediscover the parentage of the cider apple cultivars known collectively as ‘The Girls’.

For rapid, cost effective and accurate genotyping, we used the recently developed, medium density, single nucleotide polymorphism‐based genotyping procedure, SEQSNP®, to characterize the cultivars.

We generated a medium density (1,500 markers), whole genome genotype for 245 apple cultivars that allowed us to determine the relationship between cultivars and, in so doing, rediscover the parentage of ‘The Girls’.

We show that SNP genotyping is an efficient tool for the analysis of genetic diversity in cider apples and apples in general, and that the cider apple breeding programme carried out at Long Ashton Research Station made, and continues to make, a unique contribution to UK cider production.
Representing natural and artificial in‐channel large wood in numerical hydraulic and hydrological models
Authors: Addy Stephen , Wilkinson Mark E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe influence of naturally occurring in‐channel large wood (LW) on the hydraulics, hydrology and geomorphology of rivers is well documented. To inform management and better understand naturally occurring or artificially placed LW, hydraulic and hydrological models are applied to predict the possible benefits and drawbacks for habitat, sediment management and flood risk mitigation. However, knowledge and guidance on appropriate representation in models, needed to underpin realistic predictions, is lacking. This could lead to unrealistic expectations of the effectiveness of LW for different river management goals. To date, seven types of LW representation in hydraulic and hydrological models have been applied, the range partly reflecting the variety of LW, model types, scales and purposes. The most common approach is by altering channel roughness to represent flow resistance. Although qualitatively the effects of LW have been captured using models, to date quantitative validation, as well as transferable knowledge to help a priori parameterization of LW representations, remain limited. Therefore, additional empirical investigations and robust model validation are required to inform defensible LW representations for specific purposes and scales in numerical models coupled with better accounting of input uncertainty to improve confidence in predictions. Future studies should also consider a greater range of artificial and natural LW features, settings, larger spatial scales and better account for temporal variability of flow, morphology and LW configuration.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Methods
Science of Water > Methods
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism Following Major Emergency Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Balachandran Rogini , Jensen Kristian Kiim , Burcharth Jakob , Ekeloef Sarah , Schack Anders Emil , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn a retrospective cohort study, we looked at the incidence and risk factors of developing in‐hospital venous thromboembolism (VTE) after major emergency abdominal surgery and the risk factors for developing a venous thrombosis.MethodsData were extracted through medical records from all patients undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery at a Danish University Hospital from 2010 until 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of venous thrombosis developed in the time from surgery until discharge from hospital. The secondary outcomes were 30‐day mortality and postoperative complications. Multivariate logistic analyses were used for confounder control.ResultsIn total, 1179 patients who underwent major emergency abdominal surgery during 2010–2016 were included. Thirteen patients developed a postoperative venous thromboembolism (1.1%) while hospitalized. Eight patients developed a pulmonary embolism all verified by CT scan and five patients developed a deep venous thrombosis verified by ultrasound scan. Patients diagnosed with a VTE were significantly longer in hospital with a length of stay of 34 versus 14 days, P < 0.001, and they suffered significantly more surgical complications (69.2% vs. 30.4%, P = 0.007). Thirty‐day mortality was equal in patients with and without a venous thrombosis. In a multivariate analysis adjusting for gender, ASA group, BMI, type of surgery, dalteparin dose and treatment with anticoagulants, we found that a dalteparin dose ≥5000 IU was associated with the risk of postoperative surgical complications (odds ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.11–2.16, P = 0.009).ConclusionIn this study, we found a low incidence of venous thrombosis among patients undergoing major emergency abdominal surgery, comparable to the incidence after elective surgery.
Vimentin expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) associated with liver metastases predicts poor progression-free survival in patients with advanced lung cancer
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Yanxia , Zhang Lina , Tong Li , Gao Yuan , Hu Fanbin , Lin Peter Ping , Li Baolan , Zhang Tongmei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the presence of vimentin expression in CTCs and its clinical relevance in patients with advanced lung cancer.

Methods
Peripheral blood was obtained from 61 treatment-naive patients with advanced lung cancer. Subtraction enrichment and immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) platform was applied to identify, enumerate and characterize CTCs based on cell size, aneuploidy of chromosome 8 (Chr8) and vimentin expression. Quantification and analysis of CTCs were performed on patients before chemotherapy administration and after two cycles of therapy.

Results
Before treatment, CTCs were detected in 60 (98.4%) patients, small cell CTCs (≤ 5 µm of WBCs) accounted for 52.8% of the absolute CTCs number, while 12 (19.7%) of the included patients had detectable vimentin-positive CTCs (vim+ CTCs). Liver metastases were reported in 7 (11.5%) patients and were significantly correlated to the presence of Vim+ CTCs (p = 0.002), with a high positivity rate of 71.4% (5/7). Vim+ CTCs were mostly in small cell size and Chr8 aneuploidy (77.0% and 82.05%, respectively). Baseline small cell CTCs ≥ 2/6 ml, triploid CTCs ≥ 2/6 ml, Vim+ CTCs ≥ 1/6 ml were found to significantly correlate with poor progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.017, p = 0.009 and p = 0.001, respectively). After adjusting for clinically significant factors, baseline Vim+ CTCs ≥ 1/6 ml was the only independent predictor of poor PFS [hazard ratio (HR):2.756, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.239–6.131; p = 0.013].

Conclusions
This study demonstrates an important morphologic, karyotypic and phenotypic CTCs heterogeneity in advanced lung cancer patients. The majority of Vim+ CTCs are in small size and Chr8 aneuploidy. Baseline presence of Vim+ CTCs is correlated with liver metastases and may help predict poor PFS.
Investment and operational decisions for start-up companies: a game theory and Markov decision process approach
Authors: Archibald Thomas W. , Possani Edgar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses the contract between an entrepreneur and an investor, using a non-zero sum game in which the entrepreneur is interested in company survival and the investor in maximizing expected net present value. Theoretical results are given and the model’s usefulness is exemplified using simulations. We have observed that both the entrepreneur and the investor are better off under a contract which involves repayments and a share of the start-up company. We also have observed that the entrepreneur will choose riskier actions as the repayments become harder to meet up to a level where the company is no longer able to survive.