bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of conductive materials on microbial community during syntrophic propionate oxidization for biomethane recovery
Authors: Guo Bing , Zhang Yingdi , Yu Najiaowa , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPropionate is one of the most important intermediates in anaerobic digestion, and its degradation requires a syntrophic partnership between propionate‐oxidizing bacteria and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Anaerobic digestion efficiency can be improved by direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) through conductive materials. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DIET on syntrophic propionate oxidization under room temperature (20°C) and reveal the syntrophic partners. Firstly, conventional anaerobic consortium and conductive material‐enriched consortium were tested for DIET under high H2 partial pressure. The latter supplemented with granular activated carbon (GAC) can mitigate H2 inhibition through DIET. Secondly, a DIET consortium was enriched for testing GAC and magnetite, both showed DIET facilitation. Microbial communities in GAC‐ and magnetite‐supplemented reactors were similar. Syntrophic propionate‐oxidizing bacteria, for example, Smithella (3.9%–9.9%) and a genus from the family Syntrophaceae (1.9%–3.6%) and methanogens Methanobacterium (30.3%–75.2%), Methanolinea (8.5%–25.2%), Methanosaeta (11.4%–36.7%), and Candidatus Methanofastidiosum (3.6%–6.6%), were predominant. Functional genes for cell mobility and membrane transport (3.3% and 9.5% in control reactor) increased with GAC (3.7% and 11.1%, respectively) and magnetite (3.7% and 10.9%, respectively) addition. Syntrophic propionate‐oxidizing bacteria and methanogenesis partners were revealed by co‐occurrence network, for example, Methanobacterium with Smithella, Syntrophobacter, Dechloromonas, and Trichococcus, signifying the importance of the syntrophic partnership in DIET environment.Practitioner points

DIET improved syntrophic propionate oxidization under room temperature condition (20°C).

Microbial communities were similar for GAC‐ and magnetite‐supplemented reactors, different with control reactor.

Syntrophic propionate‐oxidizing bacteria and methanogenesis partners were revealed by co‐occurrence network.

Methanobacterium and Smithella, Syntrophobacter, Dechloromonas, and Trichococcus were correlated.
Vergesellschaftung unter Ansteckenden – für eine Körpergeschichte der Seuche
Authors: Dross Fritz 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag ist Teil des Forums COVID-19: Perspektiven in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften. Seuchen sind als „Menschheitstrauma“ seit eh und je Gegenstand der Geschichtswissenschaft für alle Epochen. Auf der Grundlage von Rudolf Schlögls Konzept der „Vergesellschaftung unter Anwesenden“ möchte ich im Folgenden vorschlagen, Seuchengeschichte als Körpergeschichte einer Kommunikation zu fassen, die das Kontagium als Gegenstand der Kommunikation einschließt.
Massage of the Hepatoduodenal Ligament Recovers Portal Vein Flow Immediately After the Pringle Maneuver in Hepatectomy
Authors: Ueda Junji , Mamada Yasuhiro , Taniai Nobuhiko , Yoshioka Masato , Hirakata Atsushi , Kawano Youichi , Shimizu Tetsuya , Kanda Tomohiro , Takata Hideyuki , Kondo Ryota , Kaneya Yohei , Aoki Yuto , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Pringle maneuver is often used in liver surgery to minimize bleeding during liver transection. Many authors have demonstrated that intermittent use of the Pringle maneuver is safe and effective when performed appropriately. However, some studies have reported that the Pringle maneuver is a significant risk factor for portal vein thrombosis. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of portal vein flow after the Pringle maneuver and the impact that massaging the hepatoduodenal ligament after the Pringle maneuver has on portal vein flow.Materials and MethodsPatients treated with the Pringle maneuver for hepatectomies performed to treat hepatic disease at our hospital between August 2014 and March 2019 were included in the study (N = 101). We divided these patients into two groups, a massage group and nonmassage group. We measured portal vein blood flow with ultrasonography before and after clamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament. We also evaluated laboratory data after the hepatectomy.ResultsPortal vein flow was significantly lower after the Pringle maneuver than before clamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament. The portal vein flow after the Pringle maneuver was improved following massage of the hepatoduodenal ligament. After hepatectomy, serum prothrombin time was significantly higher and serum C‐reactive protein was significantly lower in the massage group than in the nonmassage group.ConclusionMassaging the hepatoduodenal ligament after the Pringle maneuver is recommended in order to quickly recover portal vein flow during hepatectomy and to improve coagulability.
Prognostic significance of VEGF and components of the plasminogen activator system in endometrial cancer
Authors: Abbink Karin , Zusterzeel Petra L. M. , Geurts-Moespot Anneke , van der Steen Rob , Span Paul. N. , Sweep Fred C. G. J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
The plasminogen activator system (PAS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are important in the carcinogenesis and play a key role in cancer invasion and mediating metastasis of carcinomas. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation of serum levels of VEGF and components of the PAS with clinicopathological risk factors and outcome in patients with endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods
Preoperative blood was collected from 173 patients treated for EC between 1999 and 2009. Serum concentrations of VEGF, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) and -2 (PAI-2) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

Results
Serum levels of VEGF and components of the PAS were significantly associated with stage of the disease, tumor histology, tumor grade, myometrial invasion (MI), presence of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and lymph node metastases (LNM). Preoperative serum levels of PAI-1 and -2 and tPA were higher in patients who experienced a recurrence than in patients who remained disease free (p < 0.01). PAI-1 and -2 and tPA were significantly independent prognostic factors for DFS with a HR of 3.85 (95% CI 1.84–8.07), 3.90 (95% CI 1.75–8.66) and 2.53 (95% CI 1.16–5.55), respectively. PAI-1 and tPA turned out to be independent prognostic factors for OS, with a HR of 2.09 (95% CI 1.08–4.05) and 2.16 (95% CI 1.06–4.44), respectively.

Conclusion
Serum levels of VEGF and components of the PAS at primary diagnosis were associated with well-known clinicopathological risk factors such as; FIGO stage, tumor histology, tumor grade, MI, LVSI and LNM. High concentrations of PAI-1 and-2 and tPA are independent factors for poor prognosis in patients with endometrial cancer.
Da Vinci Single-Port robot-assisted transanal mesorectal excision: a promising preclinical experience
Authors: Kneist Werner , Stein Hubert , Rheinwald Markus 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Robotic single-port platforms represent a viable option for advanced surgical procedures. This preclinical study investigated the dual-field, single-port, robot-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME).

Technique
In a male human cadaver, we employed the novel da Vinci® SP™ Surgical System, sequentially, to realize the transanal and abdominal parts of the taTME procedure. We evaluated the feasibility of the one-team approach.

Results
We showed that single-port access for the taTME was technically feasible with the current da Vinci® SP™ Surgical System in both surgical fields. The total console times were 189 min for the juxta-anal purse-string suture placement, partial intersphincteric resection, and bottom-up mesorectal dissection to where it meets the peritoneal reflection and 43 min for the abdominal procedure. A good quality specimen was achieved. The surgeon comfort was high during simulated surgery. The task load was highly acceptable (NASA-TLX global score: 35), even though it was the surgeon’s first use of this platform.

Conclusion
This preclinical study demonstrated that the robotic, single-port taTME was feasible and could be performed with the da Vinci® SP™ Surgical System, beginning at the level of the dentate line. Further simulations are necessary to confirm this promising approach.
A theoretical and experimental exploration of the seismic dynamics of multi-span bridges
Authors: Meibodi A. A. , Alexander N. A. , Norman J. A. , Crewe A. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA generalized reduced-order model of a multi-span continuous bridge, on flexible discrete supports, that is subjected to multi-support seismic excitation is presented. This model highlights the key non-dimensional system parameters. Real spatiotemporal ground motion time-series (from the SMART-1 array, Taiwan) are used, as an alternative to employing artificial ground motion based on some spatial incoherence kernels. Benchmark experimental test data, using the multiple support excitation rig of a four-span bridge and SMART-1 array excitation, is used to validate/calibrate the proposed reduced-order model. An operational modal analysis is conducted to obtain least-square estimates of these key dynamic parameters using a Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The computationally efficient reduced-order model is then employed for a parametric study that explores the effect of spatial incoherence, bridge alignment and archetypal symmetrical and asymmetrical bridge geometries. A comparison of identical and multi-support excitation cases indicate the likely range of beneficial/adverse errors in neglecting the spatiotemporal nature of ground motions in design analyses.
A kinetic and thermodynamic investigation into the removal of methyl orange from wastewater utilizing fly ash in different process configurations
Authors: Potgieter J. H. , Pardesi C. , Pearson S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe removal of methyl orange using coal fly ash, which is a widely available low-cost adsorbent, has been investigated. Adsorption studies for dye removal were conducted using various configurations such as batch, column and heap adsorption at various temperatures and adsorbent dosages at neutral pH. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherm models were used to describe the process. The Freundlich model best represented the adsorption. Kinetic studies show the adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic studies show that the process is spontaneous, endothermic and random. Column configuration was found to be the most efficient with a dye removal percentage of 99.95%, followed by heap adsorption at 99.25% removal and lastly batch configuration with 96.68% removal. Economic analysis shows that column operation would be the most effective for practical implementation.
Comparison of pozzolanic activity of ilmenite MUD waste to other pozzolans used as an additive for concrete production
Authors: Bobrowicz Jan , Chyliński Filip 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe article presents a comparison of pozzolanic activity of R-Mud, which is a by-product of TiO2, with known and long-used additives to cement and concrete. Tests were carried out comparing the amount of heat of the hydration of cement and cement with added R-Mud, silica fume, fly ash and trass. The reaction susceptibility of these additives with calcium hydroxide has also been studied using the thermogravimetric method. Results from this method have shown that the reactivity of R-Mud is high and at a similar level to silica fume, while it is much higher than the reactivity of fly ash or natural trass. The high level of pozzolanic reactivity of R-Mud has been confirmed by both isothermal calorimetry and thermogravimetry.
Coherent electron quantum transport in $$\hbox {In}_{0.53}\hbox {Ga}_{0.47}$$As/GaAs$$_{0.51}\hbox {Sb}_{0.49}$$ double barrier resonant tunnelling structures
Authors: Indjin Milos , Griffiths Jack 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, we have modelled and computed the transport properties of the double-barrier InGaAs/GaAsSb structure from the resonant tunnelling point of view. Based on the classical Tsu-Esaki formula for the tunnelling current, we have calculated the current density-voltage characteristic of a Al-free type-II $$\hbox {In}_{0.53}\hbox {Ga}_{0.47}\hbox {As/GaAs}_{0.51}\hbox {Sb}_{0.49}$$In0.53Ga0.47As/GaAs0.51Sb0.49 structure at different cryogenic and elevated temperatures. The tunnelling coefficient has been calculated in the framework of effective mass approximation with nonparabolicity included, using the transfer matrix approach. A good qualitative agreement of the position of resonant current peaks with the existing experimental data was achieved. Our calculation shows a very high sensitivity of the tunnelling current peak on monolayer-scale layer structure fluctuation which strongly affects peak to valley ratio in the resonant tunnelling structure.
Detection and occurrence of microplastics in the stomach of commercial fish species from a municipal water supply lake in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adeogun Aina O. , Ibor Oju R. , Khan Essa A. , Chukwuka Azubuike V. , Omogbemi Emmanuel D. , Arukwe Augustine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are physical anthropogenic pollutants and their ability to act as contaminant vectors in biological matrices is of serious ecosystem and human health concern. In the present study, we have, for the first time, screened and detected MPs in the stomach of a select group of commonly consumed fish species from a municipal water supply lake (Eleyele) in Nigeria. A total of 109 fish samples consisting of eight (8) species: Coptodon zillii (CZ: n = 38), Oreochromis niloticus (ON: n = 43), Sarotheron melanotheron (SM: n = 19), Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus (CN: n = 3), Lates niloticus (LN: n = 3), Paranchanna obscura (PO: n = 1), Hemichromis fasiatus (HF: n = 1), and Hepsetus odoe (HO: n = 1) were collected between February–April, 2018. Fish stomach content was screened for the presence of MPs using the density gradient separation technique (NaCl hypersaline solution) and examined using a fluorescence microscope. MPs were present in all the species screened (except H. fasciatus) with a frequency of 69.7% positive individuals in the examined species. MP prevalence was highest in ON (34%) > CZ (32%) > SM (13%) > CN (6%) and 5% each, for PO HO, and LN. On average, 1–6 MPs with sizes ranging between 124 μm and 1.53 mm were detected per individual. However, the highest number (34) of MPs was detected in the stomach of SM. Principal coordinate analysis (PCA) identified ecological variables such as habitat, feeding mode, and trophic levels as critical factors that may determine and influence MP uptake in fish population. The PCA showed stronger association between fish habitat, feeding mode, and trophic level with MP size and number in the benthopelagic species (ON CZ and SM), compared to demersal species (PO CN HO and LN). Given that MPs can act as vectors for the transfer of pathogens and environmental contaminants (both legacy and emerging), in addition to direct health risks to aquatic organisms, our findings raise concerns on the potential human/wildlife health effects of MPs in these economically and ecologically important food fishes.
Philosophical Intuition Is the Capacity to Recognize one’s Epistemic Position. An Old-Fashion Approach Based on Russell, Carnap, Wittgenstein, and Husserl
Authors: Werner Konrad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhilosophical intuition has become one of the most debated problems in recent years, largely due to the rise of the movement called experimental philosophy which challenged the conviction that philosophers have some special insight into abstract ideas such as being, knowledge, good and evil, intentional action, etc. In response to the challenge, some authors claim that there is a special cognitive faculty called philosophical intuition which delivers justification to philosophical theses, while some others deny it based on experimental results. A relatively smaller group of researchers aim at clarifying what the alleged intuition is. I follow the latter path. In this paper I argue that philosophical intuition is in the first place the capacity enabling one to what I refer to as the recognition of one’s epistemic position. The latter means becoming aware of the seemingly trivial “fact” that the way in which the world manifests itself depends on the cognitive apparatus one has, thereby propelling one to draw a distinction between appearances and reality. The recognition at stake is a very specific capacity to approach the world solely as it is experienced. This capacity, I argue, is the core and the defining feature of philosophical intuition. As part of my argumentation I also distinguish between the intuition in question and its different manifestations; and then introduce a novel notion of erotetic intuition. My argument is called “old-fashion” to emphasize the fact that I draw mostly on four figures who were pivotal in the twentieth- century philosophy and whose influence on the current debate concerning philosophical intuition should be, I believe, stronger than it is; I mean Russell, Carnap, Wittgenstein, and Husserl.
Differentiating criminal networks in the illegal wildlife trade: organized, corporate and disorganized crime
Authors: Wyatt Tanya , van Uhm Daan , Nurse Angus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHistorically, the poaching of wildlife was portrayed as a small-scale local activity in which only small numbers of wildlife would be smuggled illegally by collectors or opportunists. Nowadays, this image has changed: criminal networks are believed to be highly involved in wildlife trafficking, which has become a significant area of illicit activity. Even though wildlife trafficking has become accepted as a major area of crime and an important topic and criminologists have examined a variety of illegal wildlife markets, research that specifically focusses on the involvement of different criminal networks and their specific nature is lacking. The concept of a ‘criminal network’ or ‘serious organized crime’ is amorphous – getting used interchangeably and describes all crime that is structured rather than solely reflecting crime that fits within normative definitions of ‘organized’ crime. In reality, criminal networks are diverse. As such, we propose categories of criminal networks that are evidenced in the literature and within our own fieldwork: (1) organized crime groups (2) corporate crime groups and (3) disorganized criminal networks. Whereas there are instances when these groups act alone, this article will (also) discuss the overlap and interaction that occurs between our proposed categories and discuss the complicated nature of the involved criminal networks as well as predictions as to the future of these networks.
Complex clinical scenarios with the use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation: a multidisciplinary expert advisory board
Authors: Mulder B. A. , ten Berg J. , ten Cate H. , van Es N. , Hemels M. E. W. , Kappelle L. J. , Bearda Bakker H. B. , de Borst G. J. , Drenth D. J. , Geersing G. J. , Rienstra M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) and the risk of stroke both increase with advancing age. As such, many individuals have, or will develop, an indication for oral anticoagulation to reduce the risk of stroke. Currently, a large number of anticoagulants are available, including vitamin K antagonists, direct thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors (the last two also referred to as direct oral anticoagulants or DOACs), and different dosages are available. Of the DOACs, rivaroxaban can be obtained in the most different doses: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 15 mg and 20 mg. Many patients develop co-morbidities and/or undergo procedures that may require the temporary combination of anticoagulation with antiplatelet therapy. In daily practice, clinicians encounter complex scenarios that are not always described in the treatment guidelines, and clear recommendations are lacking. Here, we report the outcomes of a multidisciplinary advisory board meeting, held in Utrecht (The Netherlands) on 3 June 2019, on decision making in complex clinical situations regarding the use of DOACs. The advisory board consisted of Dutch cardiovascular specialists: (interventional) cardiologist, internist, neurologist, vascular surgeon and general practitioners invited according to personal title and specific field of expertise.
Filmdiskussionen als (Forschungs-)Methode in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Schulze Heidrun , Grendel Tanja 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungHäufig ist es für Jugendliche mit Fluchterfahrung nicht leicht, eigene Ausgrenzungserfahrungen zu thematisieren, was u. a. auf Deutungsmuster zurückzuführen ist, die auf gesellschaftlichen Macht- und Herrschaftsverhältnissen beruhen. Diese Deutungsmuster weisen Geflüchteten – im Gegensatz zu bereits etablierten Mitgliedern der Gesellschaft – eine marginalisierte Position zu, schreiben sich in die alltägliche Lebenspraxis ein und erwarten von den Adressat*innen die Übernahme identitärer Zuweisungen. Für eine emanzipatorische Bildung stellt sich die Herausforderung, wie eine Verständigung über die individuellen Lebensinteressen geflüchteter Jugendlicher und die potenziell verhindernden gesellschaftlichen Lebensverhältnisse, aber auch die Bewältigungsformen der Jugendlichen zur Sprache kommen können, ohne in eine aufklärerische Rekolonisierung abzudriften. Ausgehend von einem rekonstruktiven Praxis-Forschungs-Projekt in der Sozialen Arbeit zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag auf, wie Filmdiskussionen einen Zugang zu Diskriminierungs- bzw. Rassismuserfahrungen von jugendlichen Geflüchteten eröffnen. Am Beispiel einer transkribierten Filmdiskussion wird dokumentiert, wie sich Merkmale der Methode der Filmdiskussion – mit dem Film als Stimulus, einer narrativ orientierten Gesprächsführung und dem Gruppensetting – auf die Thematisierbarkeit subjektiver und kollektiver Erfahrungen von Ausgrenzung auswirken und Bildungsprozesse mit emanzipatorischem Potenzial initiieren können.
LimSt – Ein Fragebogen zur Erhebung von Lernstrategien im mathematikhaltigen Studium
Authors: Liebendörfer Michael , Göller Robin , Biehler Rolf , Hochmuth Reinhard , Kortemeyer Jörg , Ostsieker Laura , Rode Jana , Schaper Niclas 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungLernstrategien haben für den Lernprozess eine hohe Bedeutung. Ihre Nutzung an der Hochschule ist immer wieder Gegenstand empirischer Untersuchungen. Allerdings existiert kein Instrument, das die Besonderheiten der Mathematik als Lerngegenstand und die dafür üblichen universitären Arbeitsweisen berücksichtigt. Wir wollen diese Lücke schließen und stellen dafür einen neuen Fragebogen vor, der anhand von acht quantitativen Erhebungen und zwei qualitativen Tests entwickelt und validiert wurde. Die Besonderheiten der Hochschulmathematik werden sowohl auf Ebene von Itemformulierungen als auch in neuen Skalen berücksichtigt. Das Instrument ist dennoch so allgemein gehalten, dass es mathematikspezifische Lernstrategien über verschiedene mathematikhaltige Studiengänge wie das Fachstudium, die Lehrerbildung sowie Ingenieurs- oder Wirtschaftswissenschaften abbilden kann.