bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasal Profile Hump Reduction Using the Let-Down Technique
Authors: Montes-Bracchini Jose Juan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn rhinoplasty, the nasal dorsum represents an important aspect for form and function. Surgical management should be performed accurately to avoid complications. The goal for dorsal preservation is to preserve the keystone area intact above the nasal bones and its relationship with the upper lateral cartilages. Unlike other rhinoplasty techniques, the lowering of the nasal dorsum requires dorsal modification prior to the surgery of the tip since it modifies the tip position by rotating it. Unlike the push-down technique, that places the nasal bones inside the nasal cavity, producing obstruction of the airway, the let-down technique improves the airway and releases the valve area, making it a functional-friendly technique.
Complications in Reductive Profileplasty
Authors: Perkins Stephen W. , Shadfar Scott 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ability of a surgeon to create an aesthetically pleasing and functionally competent nasal dorsum weighs heavily on following the foundations of rhinoplasty, beginning with the examination and analysis. These same fundamental principles should be used and applied in secondary rhinoplasty. The most common chief complaints of those patients seeking primary rhinoplasty relates to the presence of a hump or dorsal convexity, and similarly complications surrounding the dorsum are the most common indications for secondary rhinoplasty. The surgeon must be able to appropriately evaluate and correct deformities in patients who have already undergone rhinoplasty with dorsal profileplasty. Patients can present with a wide range of postoperative deformities within the bony pyramid or middle vault, including, but not limited to, contour irregularities and internal nasal valve compromise, respectively. The authors will outline the evolving methods by which these techniques can be executed to correct deformities and give a balanced functional and aesthetically pleasing profile.
Blood Transfusion and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Shih-Yi , Chang Yun-Lung , Yeh Hung-Chieh , Lin Cheng-Li , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in generally ill patients, both under outpatient and inpatient care, following blood transfusion has not been determined.
Methods This retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database. We studied patients who received blood transfusion, defined as red blood cell transfusion of any type, from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2011. The index date was defined as the date of blood transfusion. The primary outcome was VTE. Propensity score matching and Cox proportional hazard models were used.
Results A total of 41,866 patients who underwent blood transfusion and 41,866 matched controls were studied. Generally, the blood transfusion cohort has 2.98 times higher risk of VTE than the control cohort (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23–7.22). The blood transfusion cohort had respectively 1.99 and 1.64 times higher risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) compared with the control cohort (DVT, 95% CI = 1.65–2.41; PE, 95% CI = 1.19–2.26). Patients in the blood transfusion cohort who did not use warfarin were 1.95 times more likely to develop VTE than those in the control cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.95, 95% CI = 1.65–2.31). Patients in the blood transfusion cohort were 1.74 times more likely to die than those in the control cohort (adjusted HR: 1.74, 95% CI = 1.48–2.05).
Conclusion Blood transfusion is associated with an increased risk of VTE. The risk of VTE decreased in those who took warfarin.
Three-Dimensional Joint Kinematics in a Canine Elbow Joint with Medial Coronoid Disease before and after Bi-Oblique Dynamic Proximal Ulnar Osteotomy
Authors: Rohwedder Thomas , Rebentrost Pia , Böttcher Peter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to report the humeroulnar joint kinematics in a dog with medial coronoid process disease (MCPD) before and after dynamic proximal ulnar osteotomy (DPUO).
Study Design A 15-month-old female Labrador Retriever with advanced MCPD was treated by DPUO and fragment removal. Bi-planar fluoroscopic kinematography of the affected joint was performed before and 12 weeks after DPUO along with computed tomography. Static axial radioulnar incongruence (sRUI), dynamic relative proximodistal radioulnar motion (dynamic RUI), axial humeroulnar rotation, as well as humeroulnar joint contact at the medial coronoid process (MCP) were calculated.
Results Static axial radioulnar incongruence was reduced from 2.3 to 1.5 mm after DPUO but dynamic RUI remained unchanged (0.2 vs. 0.3 mm). Mean humeroulnar rotational amplitude increased from 2.6° (standard deviation 0.4) to 4.5° (standard deviation 2.0). Joint contact area at the MCP became substantially increased as well as broadly distributed among the MCP following DPUO (52.5 vs. 63.0%; p = 0.0012).
Conclusion Dynamic proximal ulnar osteotomy failed to restore the radioulnar congruence and increased the humeroulnar rotational instability. No effect was observed on dynamic RUI. Nevertheless, joint contact area at the MCP was increased and became more homogeneously distributed, which might explain the beneficial effect of clinical outcome in this case.
Preoperative Expectations of Patients Undergoing Knee Surgery
Authors: Stevens Kali N. , Nadarajah Vidushan , Jauregui Julio J. , Song Xuyang , Medina Shaun H. , Smuda Michael P. , Packer Jonathan D. , Henn R. Frank 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is limited validated data regarding the relationship between preoperative expectations and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients undergoing knee surgery. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess the preoperative expectations of patients undergoing knee surgery and (2) determine the relationship between preoperative patient demographics, PROs, and preoperative patient expectations. We hypothesized that younger patients with worse function and worse general health status would have greater expectations of knee surgery. We analyzed data from 399 patients undergoing knee surgery at an urban academic medical center. We utilized the Musculoskeletal Outcomes Data Evaluation and Management System to measure preoperative expectations. Multiple legacy PRO measures were recorded, as well as the new Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) Computer Adaptive Testing. Nonparametric statistical analyses were performed to determine significance. Overall, patients undergoing knee surgery had high expectations, with a mean of 88.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 86.7–89.3) and median of 91.7 (95% CI, 89.2–94.3). Greater preoperative expectations of knee surgery were associated with higher income, surgically naïve knee, lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, better PROMIS Depression and Anxiety scores, greater Marx knee activity scores, and lower total body pain (p < 0.05). Preoperative expectations of patients undergoing knee surgery are associated with a history of prior knee surgery, income, general and mental health, activity, and pain. Expectations were also found to be associated with PRO measures of function and psychological well-being. These findings may have implications for patient education and shared decision-making preoperatively. The level of evidence for the study is IV.
Evidence for the reproduction of social class in brief speech
Authors: Kraus Michael W. , Torrez Brittany , Park Jun Won , Ghayebi Fariba 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceSocial class mobility narratives pervade public consciousness in the United States, and yet patterns of actual mobility remain relatively constrained. This work examines how the tendency to accurately perceive the social class position of targets, by virtue of listening to their brief speech, can constrain economic mobility and perpetuate inequality. We find that Americans can perceive the social class of targets based on exposure to brief speech patterns, that word pronunciation facilitates this perceptual process, and that these cues bias hiring decisions in favor of those higher versus lower in social class. The findings suggest that social interaction patterns related to the perception of brief speech are potentially causal in the maintenance of economic inequality.
During infant maltreatment, stress targets hippocampus, but stress with mother present targets amygdala and social behavior
Authors: Raineki Charlis , Opendak Maya , Sarro Emma , Showler Ashleigh , Bui Kevin , McEwen Bruce S. , Wilson Donald A. , Sullivan Regina M. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Identifying the critical components of the complex infant experience within the nest that are necessary and sufficient to increase vulnerability to physical and mental disorders is a critical step toward the development of targeted interventions for neurobehavioral deficits observed in maltreated children. While it is generally believed that maternal behavior is correlated with infant outcomes, no assessment of the infant brain during caregiver-related maltreatment has been conducted to uncover causal factors. Here, we use animal models of maltreatment designed to build a bridge between human and animal literature. Our results suggest maltreatment-related social behavior and amygdala dysfunction require both an increase of the stress hormone corticosterone and the context of maternal presence, while hippocampal dysfunction depends only on increased corticosterone.
Repression of eEF2K transcription by NF-κB tunes translation elongation to inflammation and dsDNA-sensing
Authors: Bianco Christopher , Thompson Letitia , Mohr Ian 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Following infection and inflammation, activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and stimulation of mRNA translation initiation remodel cellular gene expression. In contrast, how translation elongation factor 2, which performs the translocation step in protein synthesis, responds is not understood. We show that eEF2 Thr56 phosphorylation, which slows elongation, and eEF2 kinase (eEF2K) abundance are reduced by multiple NF-κB–activating stimuli. Significantly, NF-κB activation repressed eEF2K transcription to stimulate eEF2 by preventing eEF2 phosphorylation. In addition, eEF2K abundance regulates protein synthesis upon eEF2 inactivation by a bacterial toxin. This demonstrates how eEF2 is integrated into NF-κB innate immune response networks and reveals an unexpected mechanism whereby regulated nuclear transcription impacts translation elongation.
Atomic-level engineering and imaging of polypeptoid crystal lattices
Authors: Xuan Sunting , Jiang Xi , Spencer Ryan K. , Li Nan K. , Prendergast David , Balsara Nitash P. , Zuckermann Ronald N. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
A fundamental challenge in materials science is to understand the atomic-level structures of nanoarchitectures assembled from synthetic polymers. Here, we report a family of sequence-defined polypeptoids that form free-floating crystalline 2-dimensional nanosheets, in which not only individual polymer chains and their relative orientations, but also atoms in nanosheets were directly observed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. These atomic details are inaccessible by conventional scattering techniques. Using the feedback between sequence-controlled synthesis and atomic imaging, we observed how the nanosheet structure responds to chemical modifications at the atomic-length scale. These atomic-level insights open the door to the design of bioinspired nanomaterials with more precisely controlled structures and properties.
Impact of a hydrophobic ion on the early stage of atmospheric aerosol formation
Authors: Feketeová Linda , Bertier Paul , Salbaing Thibaud , Azuma Toshiyuki , Calvo Florent , Farizon Bernadette , Farizon Michel , Märk Tilmann D. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Gas-to-particle conversion, also known as atmospheric aerosol nucleation, is responsible for about half of the global cloud condensation nuclei. It has been further argued that homogenous ternary nucleation including water is the major pathway for atmospheric aerosol formation. In contrast to earlier results on pure protonated water clusters, the shape of the measured velocity distributions of water molecules evaporated from excited water clusters doped with pyridinium, an abundant anthropogenic ion in the troposphere, shows evidence for out-of-equilibrium evaporation prior to thermalization. Water molecule evaporation is found to be much slower for the doped clusters, indicating in turn how such contaminants facilitate the growth of water clusters and consequently the nucleation processes at the early stages of atmospheric aerosol formation.
Shock, twofold dynamics, cascade
Authors: Depraz Natalie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Surprise is commonly seen as a sudden instantaneous, intensively emotional, exclamative interjective, bodily startling “shock”. I would like to show that it would better be also understood as a processual dynamics, which presupposes a deep transformation of its commonly taken-for-granted experiential meaning as a shock. Such a dynamics unfolds along multifarious vectors, exemplarily time, emotion, cognition, language, inter-subjectivity and body. Since I already focused elsewhere on four of these vectors of the dynamics of surprise, namely time, emotion, cognition and language, I will deal here with the bodily time of surprise and reveal how the latter cannot be reduced to startle but refers to a multifaceted generative embodied process.
Encoding surprise in English novels
Authors: Filippi-Deswelle Catherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
After studying surprise words of variable intensity, I presently turn to “mirative” clause constructions conveying surprise in the same type of literary corpus data in English, providing an enunciative treatment of characters as experiencers, not agents at first. Culioli’s T(P)EO defines surprise as the deconstruction of expectation in that the outcome of a situation is other than expected, valued positively or negatively according to the subjects’ norms. The linguistic encoding of surprise relates to prior subjective representations which the characters’ referents have to abandon when confronted with something new: unusual, unknown, or unthinkable. The communicative situation thus requires them to manage a certain otherness, necessitating some kind of agentive response in terms of adjustment to a new state of affairs.
How implicit is surprise?
Authors: Gerlain Audrey 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As if it challenged the subject, surprise upsets somebody’s routine: it hastes one to realize how he usually thinks and acts, if it still fits with reality after that surprising event, even if he must create other ways of thinking and acting. Is surprise an experience that makes me aware of an implicit world which suddenly appears through a surprising event? Or, does surprise question that world as taken for granted, by constraining the subject to assess his implicit way of experiencing the world? Surprise is not always what happens in the underlying intentionality. In a practical sense, surprise is a kind of reality check: it urges to go back to reality. Describing the implicit intentionality in my lived experience, this paper aims at asking to what extent a surprising experience converges with the implicit world the subject takes for granted: firstly, thanks to a phenomenological approach of surprise as an implicit lived experience (Husserl, Schutz); secondly, by crossing that phenomenological description with a pragmatist approach (Dewey, Peirce), namely the radical Peirce’s thesis on surprise as a challenging experience; finally, by dealing with differences between phenomenology and pragmatism about the relation between emotion and cognition, subject’s self-control and passivity.
Looking at ‘unexpectedness’
Authors: Jugnet Anne , Lhôte Emilie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The nouns surprise and wonder have often been included in the subclass of potentially polysemous psych nouns, which can denote a psychological state and have a derived source reading. Our corpus-based analysis leads us to conclude that these nouns tend to refer to sources of surprise, and as such could rather be termed “source nouns” instead. First, we show that a metonymic link can be established between the primary source sense and the derived state sense of the nouns. We argue that this reversed link can be re-analysed as involving a synecdoche. We then look at the discourse functions of these nouns, notably at their role as “shell nouns”, which confirms our analysis of these nouns as characterizing sources of surprise.
Is surprise necessarily disappointing?
Authors: Serban Claudia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The article examines the function and status of surprise from Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological point of view on experience. Firstly, it is shown that, when experience is defined through concordance and continuity, it becomes difficult to describe surprise otherwise than as deception or disappointment. Secondly, the paper attempts to overcome this negative characterization of surprise without completely abandoning Husserl’s method and description. It is indeed shown that conflict is as important and irreducible as concordance and that experience should rather be defined, in a more dynamic manner, as the intertwining of both. The motivational link between the past and the future is then re-evaluated, in order to maintain a balance between the motivation of the past (expectation) and the open possibilities of the future (free anticipation). Thus, surprise can receive a legitimate and consistent place within experience, and a paradoxical expectation of surprise becomes conceivable.
Serving people
Authors: Wu Mingdan , Del Percio Alfonso 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this article, we explore the imbrication of service work with consumer markets and larger structures of inequality, including gender and class divides as well as social and economic differences. In line with current sociolinguistic scholarship on language and work, we are interested in the activity of serving people – both in the sense of being or becoming people who serve as well as in the practice of providing services to people. To do so, we offer an ethnographic account of the regime of labor surveillance as well as the daily work practices of female workers at a Starbucks coffeehouse in London, UK. We wonder about how employers organize the bodies of workers into signs, codes and messages that appeal to customers’ class expectations of this type of consumption. By documenting the regimentation and surveillance of labor at Starbucks, we inquire into the prescribed rules that guide ‘proper’ presentations of physicality; further, we ask questions about the mechanism through which the body at Starbucks is made to express its positioning within a structure of labor and its relationality to others, especially customers.
Exploring the changing forms of caste-violence: A study of Bhumihars in Bihar, India
Authors: Nandan Aniket , Santhosh R. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we reflect on the caste-violence perpetrated on lower castes by Bhumihars, one of the dominant castes in Bihar, India, as it indicates their complex relationship with important socio-economic and political issues such as land relations, identity assertion and socio-economic differentiation, among others. We also pay attention to ideological and moral constructs embedded in the narratives about Bhumihars, which provides legitimacy to their violence. Several narratives and personal interviews have been incorporated in our analysis along with a broader mapping of Bhumihars’ historical engagement with violence as a form of caste assertion and its changing character in the contemporary era marked by ‘backward-caste’ mobilisation and the rise of Hindu right-wing politics in Bihar. Our critical study traces these historical trajectories and points to a decisive shift from Bhumihars’ engagement with direct violence towards a more subtle and symbolic form of violence, often masquerading as their articulation and expression of caste identity.
Ion energy control via the electrical asymmetry effect to tune coating properties in reactive radio frequency sputtering
Authors: Ries Stefan , Banko Lars , Hans Marcus , Primetzhofer Daniel , Schneider Jochen M , Ludwig Alfred , Awakowicz Peter , Schulze Julian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A knowledge-based understanding of the plasma-surface-interaction with the aim to precisely control (reactive) sputtering processes for the deposition of thin films with tailored and reproducible properties is highly desired for industrial applications. In order to understand the effect of plasma parameter variations on the film properties, a single plasma parameter needs to be varied, while all other process and plasma parameters should remain constant. In this work, we use the Electrical Asymmetry Effect in a multi-frequency capacitively coupled plasma to control the ion energy at the substrate without affecting the ion-to-growth flux ratio by adjusting the relative phase between two consecutive driving harmonics and their voltage amplitudes. Measurements of the ion energy distribution function and ion flux at the substrate by a retarding field energy analyzer combined with the determined deposition rate R
d for a reactive Ar/N2 (8:1) plasma at 0.5 Pa show a possible variation of the mean ion energy at the substrate E
m
ig within a range of 38 and 81 eV that allows the modification of the film characteristics at the grounded electrode, when changing the relative phase shift θ between the applied voltage frequencies, while the ion-to-growth flux ratio Γig/Γgr can be kept constant. AlN thin films are deposited and exhibit an increase in compressive film stress from −5.8 to −8.4 GPa as well as an increase in elastic modulus from 175 to 224 GPa as a function of the mean ion energy. Moreover, a transition from the preferential orientation (002) at low ion energies to the (100), (101) and (110) orientations at higher ion energies is observed. In this way, the effects of the ion energy on the growing film are identified, while other process relevant parameters remain unchanged.
Experimental realization of a hybrid trapped field magnet lens using a GdBaCuO magnetic lens and MgB2 bulk cylinder
Authors: Namba Sora , Fujishiro Hiroyuki , Naito Tomoyuki , Ainslie Mark D , Takahashi Keita 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A hybrid trapped field magnet lens (HTFML) is a promising device that is able to concentrate a magnetic field higher than the applied field continuously, even after removing an external field, which was conceptually proposed by the authors in 2018. This paper presents, for the first time, the experimental realization of the HTFML using a GdBaCuO magnetic lens and MgB2 trapped field magnet cylinder. A maximum concentrated magnetic field of B
c = 3.55 T was achieved at the central bore of the HTFML after removing an applied field of B
app = 2.0 T at T = 20 K. For higher B
app, the B
c value was not enhanced because of a weakened lens effect due to magnetic flux penetration into the bulk GdBaCuO material comprising the lens. The enhancement of the trapped field using such an HTFML for the present experimental setup is discussed in detail.