bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological inhibition of RORC2 enhances human Th17‐Treg stability and function
Authors: Boardman Dominic A. , Garcia Rosa V. , Ivison Sabine M. , Bressler Brian , Dhar TG Murali , Zhao Qihong , Levings Megan K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions that result from uncontrolled intestinal inflammation. Pathogenic Th17 cells, characterized by production of IL‐17A in the absence of IL‐10, are thought to contribute to this inflammation, but in humans, antibody‐mediated blockade of IL‐17A is an ineffective IBD therapy whereas IL‐23 blockade is effective. Here, we investigated the effects of pharmacological inhibition of RORC2, the Th17 cell lineage‐defining transcription factor, on in vivo‐differentiated human Th17 cells and Th17‐like Tregs (Th17‐Tregs). BMS‐336, a small molecule RORC2 inverse agonist, inhibited expression of RORC2‐regulated genes in peripheral Th17 cells (CD4+CD25–CD127+CXCR3–CCR4+CCR6+) in a dose–dependent manner, with similar inhibitory effects on laminar propria mononuclear cells from IBD and non‐IBD subjects. Exposure of peripheral Th17‐Tregs (CD4+CD25hiCD127loCXCR3–CCR4+CCR6+) to BMS‐336 also inhibited IL‐17A production and prevented inflammatory cytokine‐induced destabilization, as evidenced by preserved FOXP3 expression and epigenetic status of the Treg‐specific demethylation region. In parallel, RORC2 inhibition increased the production of IL‐10 in Th17‐Tregs, resulting in enhanced suppression of inflammatory cytokines from myeloid cells. Thus, via its ability to simultaneously inhibit Th17 cells and enhance the stability and function of Th17‐Tregs, pharmacological inhibition of RORC2 is a promising approach to suppress inflammation and promote immune regulation in IBD.
A method of identifying the blood contributor in mixture stains through detecting blood‐specific mRNA polymorphism
Authors: Liu Zidong , Gao Zhe , Wang Jiaqi , Shi Jie , Liu Jinding , Chen Deqing , Li Wenyan , Guo Jiangling , Cheng Xiaojuan , Hao Ting , Li Zeqin , Li Yanhua , Yan Jiangwei , Zhang Gengqian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the past decades, messenger RNA (mRNA) biomarkers have been employed to identify the origin of body fluids in forensic medicine. We hypothesized that the polymorphism of mRNA could be applied to identify individuals in mixture samples composed of two body fluids. In this study, we selected five blood‐specific mRNA biomarkers of venous blood (SPTB, CD3G, AMICA1, ANK1, and GYPA) that encompass 16 SNPs to identify the mixture contributor(s). Five specific gene markers for menstrual blood, semen, skin, saliva, and vaginal secretions were amplified and typed as body‐fluid positive controls. We established the system of multiplex PCR and single base extension (SBE) reaction followed by CE. The amplicon size was between 90bp and 294bp. The peripheral blood specificity was examined against other human body fluids, including saliva, semen, skin, menstrual blood, and vaginal secretion. The 16 SNPs were peripheral blood specific and could be successfully typed in homemade mixtures which are composed of different body fluids with 1 ng peripheral blood mRNA added. This system showed a supersensitivity (1:100) in detecting the trace amount of peripheral blood mixed in other body fluids and a combined discrimination power (CDP) of 0.99929 in Chinese population. It was the first time to establish a method for identifying the blood donors and deconvoluting mixtures through detecting mRNA polymorphism with SNaPshot assay. This peripheral blood specific SNP typing system showed high sensitivity to the typing of blood source specific markers regardless of other body fluids in the mixture.
A survey on subjecting electronic product code and non‐ID objects to IP identification
Authors: Imani Mehdi , Qiyasi Abolfazl , Zarif Nasrin , Ali Maaruf , Noshiri Omekolsoom , Faramarzi Kimia , Arabnia Hamid R. , Joudaki Majid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOver the last decade, both research on the Internet of Things (IoT) and real‐world IoT applications have grown exponentially. The IoT provides us with smarter cities, intelligent homes, and generally more comfortable lives. However, the introduction of these devices has led to several new challenges that must be addressed. One of the critical challenges facing interacting with IoT devices is to address billions of devices (things) around the world, including computers, tablets, smartphones, wearable devices, sensors, and embedded computers, and so on. This article provides a survey on subjecting Electronic Product Code and non‐ID objects to IP identification for IoT devices, including their advantages and disadvantages thereof. Different metrics are here proposed and used for evaluating these methods. In particular, the main methods are evaluated in terms of their: (i) computational overhead, (ii) scalability, (iii) adaptability, (iv) implementation cost, and (v) whether applicable to already ID‐based objects and presented in tabular format. Finally, the article proves that this field of research will still be ongoing, but any new technique must favorably offer the mentioned five evaluative parameters.
High spatio‐temporal resolution measurements of cohesive sediment erosion
Authors: Beckers Felix , Inskeep Caleb , Haun Stefan , Schmid Gerhard , Wieprecht Silke , Noack Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, we present a novel approach to measure fundamental processes of cohesive sediment erosion. The experimental setup consists of a laboratory erosion flume (SETEG) and a photogrammetric method to detect sediment erosion (PHOTOSED). Detailed data are presented for three erosion experiments, which were conducted with a natural non‐cohesive/cohesive sediment mixture at increasing sediment depths (4, 8, 16 cm). In each experiment, the sediment was exposed to a set of incrementally increasing shear stresses and the erosion was measured dynamically, pixel‐based, and approximate to the process scale given the resolution of PHOTOSED. This enables us to distinguish between (i) individual emerging erosion spots caused by surface erosion and (ii) large holes torn open by detached aggregate chunks. Moreover, interrelated processes were observed, such as (iii) propagation of the erosion in the longitudinal and lateral direction leading to merging of disconnected erosion areas and (iv) progressive vertical erosion of already affected areas. By complementing the (bulk) erosion volume profiles with additional quantitative variables, which contain spatial information (erosion area, specific deepening, number of disconnected erosion areas), conclusions on the erosion behaviour (and the dominant processes) can be drawn without requiring qualitative information (such as visual observations). In addition, we provide figures indicating the spatio‐temporal erosion variability and the (bulk) erosion rates for selected time periods. We evaluate the variability by statistical quantities and show that significant erosion is mainly confined to only a few events during temporal progression, but then considerably exceeds the time‐averaged median of the erosion (factors between 7.0 and 16.0). Further, we point to uncertainties in using (bulk) erosion rates to assess cohesive sediment erosion and particularly the underlying processes. As a whole, the results emphasise the need to measure cohesive sediment erosion with high spatio‐temporal resolution to obtain reliable and robust information. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Assessing paraglacial processes at Nexpayantla Gorge (Popocatépetl volcano, Central Mexico) using OSL and14C
Authors: Muñoz‐Salinas E. , Castillo M. , Franco‐Ramos O. , Arce J.L. , Sanderson D.C.W. , Cresswell A.C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe evaluate the paraglacial activity in Nexpayantla, a subtropical mountainous gorge in Popocatépetl volcano (Central Mexico), fully deglaciated in the 20th century. Glacial advances are evidenced by the presence of moraines. Fluvio‐glacial terraces and an alluvial megafan resulted from the gorge deglaciation. Current reworking of the glacigenic material is done by landslides and debris flows produced on the moraines and terraces. To study the different phases of mobilization of glacigenic sediment, we used an approach based on the study of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signals obtained from a portable OSL (POSL) reader in samples extracted from both glacigenic and paraglacial deposits. The luminescence (POSL) results obtained at moraines increase as altitude decreases, which is expected for deglaciated valleys where the oldest moraines are located at lower elevations. We evaluate the grade of luminescence signal reset of the glacigenic sediments during the proglacial stage, and the subsequent deglaciation phases. Our results indicate that there is a marked transition between glacial and fluvially dominated processes at Nexpayantla Gorge. We find that the grade of luminescence signal resetting in the paraglacial deposits is a good indicator to trace paraglacial stages and the beginning of exhaustion of the paraglacial activity in mountain areas. OSL ages confirm that the oldest fluvio‐glacial terraces found at the middle sector of Nexpayantla Gorge are ~2 ka, which is also supported by an AMS14C age. OSL dating was found challenging, since quartz grains have low sensitivity because of their volcanic origin; POSL signals, however, are in good agreement with the location and distribution of geomorphic markers. We propose that luminescence data obtained from the POSL unit can be useful to provide information about sediment mobilization in paraglacial environments during different climatic pulses – even for the case where mineral grains have low sensitivity, such as in volcanic sediments. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative reconstruction of Holocene sediment sources contributing to the central Jiangsu coast, China: New insights into source‐to‐sink processes
Authors: Yang Yang , Jia Jianjun , Zhou Liang , Gao Jianhua , Gao Wenhua , Shi Benwei , Li Zhanhai , Wang Ya Ping , Gao Shu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoastal deltaic deposits are the primary locations for sediment storage on Earth, and quantifying their source contributions is a critical prerequisite for delineating S2S patterns in marginal seas. In most cases, quantification for the contribution by fine‐grained sediments (i.e. particle size < 63 μm) is considered to be representative to constrain the overall sediment supply. However, this approach may be inappropriate because large differences exist between the two quantities. Here we propose an approach to solve the problem, which is based on the maximum number of tracers from multiple sediment size fractions incorporating the content of all size fractions of sediment. Using this approach, absolute source contributions during the Holocene are reconstructed that provide a first‐order model for the S2S pattern of the central Jiangsu coast, China. The Huanghe River is the strongest driver for the Holocene sedimentation, with a mean contribution of ~72 ± 6% (1417 × 108 t). The absolute contributions from the Changjiang and offshore areas were of secondary importance, (i.e. ~17 ± 1% (330 × 108 t) and ~11 ± 5% (217 × 108 t), respectively). The results show that a large difference between the relative and absolute source contributions and the assumption that the relative contribution represents the absolute contribution is invalid in a coastal setting. The impact of the Huanghe is mainly based on episodic events, such as the event of 1128–1855 AD. The model also reveals that the offshore sediments are as important as the Changjiang sediments for the central Jiangsu coast during the Holocene. Thus, the model provides both the time series and overall quantities of sediment supply during the formation and evolution of the Holocene tidal flats on the Jiangsu coast. Our findings shed new light on quantitative analysis of sediment sources applicable to future S2S studies of marginal seas. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring coastal morphology: the potential of low‐cost fixed array action cameras for 3D reconstruction
Authors: Godfrey Samantha , Cooper James , Bezombes Frederic , Plater Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe combination of structure‐from‐motion with multi‐view stereo (SfM‐MVS) photogrammetry has become an increasingly popular method for the monitoring and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction of coastal environments. Climate change is driving the potential for increased coastal landward retreat meaning geomorphological monitoring using methods such as SfM‐MVS has become essential for detecting and tracking impacts. SfM‐MVS has been well‐researched with a variety of platforms and spatial and temporal resolutions using mainly rectilinear digital cameras in coastal settings. However, there has been no assessment of the potential of fixed multi‐camera arrays to monitor landward retreat or on the significance of camera placement in relation to the scene. This study presents an innovative method of image acquisition using a purpose‐built camera grid and GoPro© action camera to evaluate the combined effects of camera height, obliqueness and overlap at a site of known landward retreat. This approach examines the effect of camera placement on scene reconstruction to aid the design of a multi‐camera array. SfM‐MVS dense point clouds display millimetre accuracy when compared to equivalent terrestrial laser scans and strong image network geometry with internal precision estimates of < 3 mm. Comparable point cloud reconstruction can be achieved with a small number of images stationed in appropriate positions. Initial results show as few as five images positioned at a cliff to camera ratio of 3:4.18 and camera obliqueness of 40° can provide reconstruction in the range of millimetres (mean error of 4.79 mm). These findings illustrate the importance of camera placement when using multiple cameras and aid the design of a low‐cost, fixed multi‐camera array for use at sites of small‐scale landward retreat. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Thermo‐physical investigation of butyl stearate as potential phase change material for thermal energy storage in cooling application
Authors: Chinnasamy Veerakumar , Appukuttan Sreekumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhase change material (PCM) based energy storage technology is a promising solution to conserve thermal energy. This work involves studies on thermophysical properties of butyl stearate as PCM for thermal comfort application and its corrosion compatibility with commonly used heat exchanger construction materials. The thermophysical properties of butyl stearate is studied using differential scanning calorimetry and the result shows that the peak melting and freezing temperatures are 18.64°C and 13.28°C, respectively. The latent heat of melting and freezing are 120.59 Jg−1 and 120.70 Jg−1, respectively. The accelerated thermal cycling test reveals that butyl stearate is stable upto 1000 repeated thermal cycles. The thermogravimetric studies and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirm that butyl stearate is thermally and chemically stable. The results of corrosion test provide information about selection of construction materials for heat exchanger and encapsulation in real‐time application. Butyl stearate is a potential PCM which can be used in thermal energy storage system for thermal comfort application.
Assessment of Transcriptomic and Apical Responses of Daphnia magna Exposed to a Polyethylene Microplastic in a 21-d Chronic Study
Authors: Coady Katherine K. , Burgoon Lyle , Doskey Claire , Davis John W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
There is global concern regarding the fate and effects of microplastics in the environment, particularly in aquatic systems. In the present study, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer particles were evaluated in a chronic toxicity study with the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. The study design included a natural particle control treatment (silica) to differentiate any potential physical effects of a particle from the intrinsic toxicity of the test material. In addition to the standard endpoints of survival, growth, and reproduction, the transcriptomic profiles of control and ethylene acrylic acid copolymer-exposed D. magna were evaluated at the termination of the 21-d toxicity study. No significant effects on D. magna growth, survival, or reproduction were observed in comparison with both particle and untreated control groups. Significant transcriptomic alterations were induced at the highest treatment level of 2.3 × 1012 particles of the ethylene acrylic acid copolymer/L in key pathways linked to central metabolism and energy reserves, oxidative stress, and ovulation and molting, indicating a global transcriptomic response pattern. To put the results in perspective is challenging at this time, because, to date, microplastic environmental monitoring approaches have not been equipped to detect particles in the nanosize range. However, our results indicate that ethylene acrylic acid copolymer microplastics in the upper nanosize range are not expected to adversely affect D. magna growth, survival, or reproductive outcomes at concentrations of up to 1012 particles/L. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1578–1589. © 2020 SETAC
External Sources Inhibit Benthic Phosphorus Fluxes in the Lower Great Miami River, Southwest Ohio
Authors: Mullen Kortney R. , Hammerschmidt Chad R. , Ekberg Michael P. , McCarthy Mark J. , Newell Silvia E. , Agather Alison M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Human activities have increased nutrient loadings to aquatic ecosystems, especially during the past century. During low river flow in late summer and early fall, elevated concentrations of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen are present in the temperate Lower Great Miami River and contribute to its eutrophication. Although wastewater treatment plants are suspected of being major sources of P to the river, riverbed sediment has not been examined as an additional potential source of P. Benthic P fluxes were measured at 11 representative locations along the Lower Great Miami River during 3 sampling campaigns in late summer and early fall of 2015. Benthic fluxes of filtered total P (range, −1.6−12 mg m−2 d−1) were related inversely to filtered total P concentrations in river water (p = 0.002, r = −0.60). This relationship suggests that elevated P in river water inhibits mobilization from sediment, likely by minimizing the concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. To effectively mitigate long-term effects of legacy P stored in Lower Great Miami River sediments, external sources must continue to be managed and discharges reduced to allow legacy P to be mobilized and flushed from the system. Reducing nutrient loading will help protect water quality in the Lower Great Miami River, in other comparable rivers, and in downstream aquatic habitats. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1517–1525. © 2020 SETAC
Effects on Trout Alevins of Chronic Exposures to Chemically Dispersed Access Western Blend and Cold Lake Blend Diluted Bitumens
Authors: Adams Julie E. , Madison Barry N. , Charbonneau Kelli , Sereneo Marie , Baillon Lucie , Langlois Valerie S. , Brown R. Stephen , Hodson Peter V. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The present study assessed the chronic toxicity of 2 chemically enhanced water accommodated fractions (CEWAFs) of diluted bitumens (dilbits), Access Western Blend (AWB) and Cold Lake Blend (CLB), to rainbow trout alevins. Chemical dispersion was used to overcome the resistance to dispersion of dilbits and to generate test solutions that contained more and smaller oil droplets for increased partitioning of petroleum hydrocarbons into water. Test solutions were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, a rapid and inexpensive analytical tool to compare toxicity endpoints measured by fluorescence (total petroleum hydrocarbons measured by fluorescence [TPH-F]). Cumulative mortality and the prevalence and severity of malformations increased following exposure of alevins to dispersed dilbits. Toxicity curves overlapped for AWB and CLB when expressed as TPH-F and 22- to 24-d median lethal and effect concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 1.5 mg/L. Gene expression in alevins was also altered following exposure to dispersed dilbit, with relative cytochrome P450-1A mRNA levels increasing up to 170-fold for AWB and up to 240-fold for CLB. Access Western Blend and CLB caused similar toxicity to rainbow trout alevins as light to medium conventional crude oils, and rainbow trout alevins were more sensitive than yellow perch, Japanese medaka, and fathead minnow embryos exposed to dispersed AWB and CLB. The present study is the first to assess the embryotoxicity of dilbits to a Canadian freshwater salmonid species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1620–1633. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
The toxicity of chemically dispersed dilbit to rainbow trout alevins is similar to that of light to medium conventional crude oils. AWB = Access Western Blend; CEWAF = chemically enhanced water accommodated fraction; CLB = Cold Lake Blend; LC50 = median lethal concentration; TPH-F = total petroleum hydrocarbons measured by fluorescence.
Robust control volume finite element methods for numerical wave tanks using extreme adaptive anisotropic meshes
Authors: Via‐Estrem Lluis , Salinas Pablo , Xie Zhihua , Xiang Jiansheng , Latham John‐Paul , Douglas Steven , Nistor Ioan , Pain Christopher 
Published: May 2020

SummaryMultiphase inertia‐dominated flow simulations, and free surface flow models in particular, continue to this day to present many challenges in terms of accuracy and computational cost to industry and research communities. Numerical wave tanks and their use for studying wave‐structure interactions are a good example. Finite element method (FEM) with anisotropic meshes combined with dynamic mesh algorithms has already shown the potential to significantly reduce the number of elements and simulation time with no accuracy loss. However, mesh anisotropy can lead to mesh quality‐related instabilities. This article presents a very robust FEM approach based on a control volume discretization of the pressure field for inertia dominated flows, which can overcome the typically encountered mesh quality limitations associated with extremely anisotropic elements. Highly compressive methods for the water‐air interface are used here. The combination of these methods is validated with multiphase free surface flow benchmark cases, showing very good agreement with experiments even for extremely anisotropic meshes, reducing by up to two orders of magnitude the required number of elements to obtain accurate solutions.
A highly accurate GPU Lattice Boltzmann method with directional interpolation for the probability distribution functions
Authors: Delgado‐Gutiérrez Arturo , Marzocca Pier , Cárdenas Diego , Probst Oliver 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIn this article, a highly accurate and graphics processing unit (GPU)‐accelerated Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is presented. The methodology is derived from a combination of conventional and recent LBM algorithms, mainly focusing on reducing the computational time, memory allocation, and complexity of existing algorithms. The general implementation focuses on accelerating the overall methodology using GPGPU technology based on Compute Shaders from OpenGL and avoids the storage of the distribution function components to reduce the memory allocation size. Furthermore, an efficient spatial interpolation of the probability distribution function components is described, based on a directional interpolation, without unnecessary control points for the reconstruction of virtual nodes data. The present methodology, tested for spatial accuracy via two‐ and three‐dimensional Lid‐Driven Cavity benchmark cases, shows excellent agreement with the results reported in the literature. Additionally, time efficiency is analyzed by comparing different configurations for the construction of virtual streaming points.