bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can HIV‐positive gay men become parents? How men living with HIV and HIV clinicians talk about the possibility of having children
Authors: Pralat Robert , Burns Fiona , Anderson Jane , Barber Tristan J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is now established that people living with HIV who have an undetectable viral load and adhere to antiretroviral treatment cannot transmit HIV to their sexual partners. Previous research has shown that ‘being undetectable’ changes how HIV‐positive gay men experience their sex lives. But how does it affect gay men’s reproductive behaviours? And what influence does it have on views about parenthood at a time when gay fatherhood has become more socially accepted and publicly visible? Drawing on qualitative interviews with patients and clinicians at four HIV clinics in London, we identify differences in how interviewees talked about the possibility of having children for HIV‐positive men. Both groups, unprompted, frequently referred to sperm washing as a method enabling safe conception. However, whereas clinicians talked about sperm washing as an historical technique, which is no longer necessary, patients spoke of it as a current tool. The men rarely mentioned being undetectable as relevant to parenthood and, when prompted, some said that they did not fully understand the mechanics of HIV transmission. Our findings offer new insights into how biomedical knowledge is incorporated into people’s understandings of living with HIV, raising important questions about how the meanings of being undetectable are communicated.
A new Qatabanian inscription from the reign of Shammar Yuharʿish dhū‐Raydān and other new data on the history of the towns of Ẓafār and Maryamah at the end of the third century CE
Authors: Ali al‐Ḥajj Mohammed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper examines a new Qatabanian inscription, of a construction nature, that was found at Hajar al‐ʿĀdī in Wādī Ḥarīb, the site of the ancient town of Maryamah. This inscription is particularly important because its history dates back to the reign of a King Shammar Yuharʿish dhū‐Raydān, considered to be Shammar Yuharʿish, the king of Sabaʾ and dhū‐Raydān who ruled at the end of the third century CE. The inscription mentions the town of Ẓafār, the capital of Ḥimyar, and provides us with important data on the history of the kingdom of Qatabān, the history of the town of Maryamah, and the relationship of its people to the cities of the western and southern highlands during that important stage in the history of ancient Yemen. The hypothesis that the Shammar Yuharʿish dhū‐Raydān mentioned in the inscriptions from Maryamah is the same Shammar dhū‐Raydān from the inscription RES 4336 (to be dated 50–20 BC), as recently adopted by Christian Robin, will be discussed.
Histomorphometrical study of the testis in the desert Rodent,Gerbillus tarabuli, sexually immature and adult during the annual reproductive cycle
Authors: Hamidatou Khati Wissam , Hammouche Sadjia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur interest in the testicular study of the desert rodent,Gerbillus tarabuli, would provide a better comprehension of the seasonality of spermatogenesis in rodents. We thus performed a biometric, histomorphometric and statistical analyses inGerbillus tarabulisexually immature and adult during the annual reproductive cycle (active and regressed states of gonadal activity). For that, fixed testes were embedded in paraffin. Sections were stained using the modified Heidenhain Azan and then were subjected to morphometric measurements at the light microscopic level. The biometric study revealed a positive correlation between the body weight and the maturity state only, with an average of 20.8 ± 2.92 g in sexually immature Gerbils, 37.40 ± 1.86 g in the sexually quiescent adults (p < .01) and 40.40 ± 2.98 g in the sexually active adults (p > .05), while the testes weight (sexually immatures = 0.02 ± 0.003 g, sexually quiescent adults = 0.13 ± 0.01 g;p < .001 and sexually active adults = 0.27 ± 0.01 g;p < .001) and the gonadosomatic index (sexually immatures = 0.09 ± 0.02%, sexually quiescent adults = 0.36 ± 0.04%;p < .01 and sexually active adults = 0.68 ± 0.07%;p < .01) varied according to the maturity state and as well as to the season in the adults. Through the histomorphometric study, the tubular diameter showed a continuous increase from sexually immature Gerbils (72.83 ± 7.57 μm) to sexually quiescent adults (99.45 ± 4.34 μm)p < .05 then to sexually active adults (182.58 ± 5.22 μm);p < .001, this is explained by the appearance of a large lumen after puberty in the quiescent (26.32 ± 1.28 μm);p < .001 and the enlargement of the seminiferous epithelium in actives (75.11 ± 1.81 μm);p < .001. Besides, the nucleo‐cytoplasmic ratio of Leydig cells (sexually immatures = 0.5 ± 0.02) diminishes significantly after puberty in the rest period (0.42 ± 0.03);p < .05 and then during the active period (0.24 ± 0.01);p < .001. These striking biometric and morphometric differences inGerbillus tarabulitestis between sexually immature Gerbils, sexually quiescent and active adults, follow the photoperiod‐induced changes in endocrine and exocrine functions and prove thatGerbillus tarabuliis a useful model to study histo‐physiological relationships in the testis in order to develop a more complete understanding of spermatogenesis phenomenon.
Mucormycosis with cutaneous involvement. A retrospective study of 115 cases at a tertiary care hospital in Mexico
Authors: Bonifaz Alexandro , Tirado‐Sánchez Andrés , Hernández‐Medel María L. , Kassack Juan J. , Araiza Javier , González Gloria M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesCutaneous mucormycosis is an emerging opportunistic mycosis caused by Mucorales. It can be divided into primary caused by trauma and secondary by extension of rhino‐cerebral and disseminated cases. The objective is to present a retrospective study of cases of mucormycosis with cutaneous involvement.MethodsA retrospective and descriptive study was carried out. Mucormycosis patients were included and divided into two groups: a) Primary Cutaneous and b) Secondary Cutaneous. Mycological tests were performed; the agents were identified by morphology and molecular studies (PCR and sequencing); some cases underwent histopathology. Clinical data and response to treatment were collected.Results115 cases were included, 18 of primary, and 97 of secondary cutaneous mucormycosis. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis was most associated with adhesive bands (44.4%) and trauma from traffic accidents (33.3%). The principal clinical form was extensive and deep necrotic ulcers. Secondary cutaneous mucormycosis cases were rhino‐cerebral with uncontrolled diabetes (81.4%) The most frequent clinical presentation was necrosis of the eyelid and the nose (65.9%). In both groups, the principal agent was Rhizopus arrhizus, 38.8% and 74.2% respectively. The most effective treatment was the combination of amphotericin B with surgical debridement. The clinical and mycological cure was achieved in 31.0% of primary cases, and 44.4% for secondary cases.ConclusionPrimary cutaneous mucormycosis is caused by implantation of the Mucorales due to trauma or rupture of the cutaneous barrier‐breach, and secondary cutaneous mucormycosis develops as part of the rhino‐cerebral process. The response to treatment depends on the extension and depth, as well as the predisposing factors.
Domestic Labor as Care and Growth in Western Kenya
Authors: Brown Hannah 
Published: November 2020

SummarySociological and feminist explorations have tended to see domestic labor as feminized care work linked to the “private” realm of the home. This article explores domestic labor in western Kenya, describing such work as a reproductive and economic project that is carried out strategically through conditions of extreme precarity, as parts of efforts to ensure the growth of the home over time. Analyzing these practices through the lens of care unsettles some core dimensions of the conceptual frameworks commonly used to understand care, in particular assumed contiguities between domestic labor and care work. However, the ethnographic material presented here suggests that broadening our understandings of care can nonetheless provide a useful framework for understanding investments in domestic labor.
Impact of plasma volume status on mortality following left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Imamura Teruhiko , Narang Nikhil , Combs Pamela , Siddiqi Umar , Mirzai Saeid , Stonebraker Corinne , Bullard Heather , Simone Pamela , Jeevanandam Valluvan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWorsening systemic congestion is often the central trigger of hospitalization in patients with heart failure. However, accurate assessment of congestion is challenging. The prognostic impact of systemic congestion following durable continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation remains unknown. Consecutive patients who received durable continuous‐flow LVAD implantation between January 2014 and June 2017 and were followed for 1 year were included. The association of preoperative plasma volume status, which was calculated using patients’ body weight and hematocrit and expressed as a deviation from ideal plasma volume, with 1‐year mortality following LVAD implantation was investigated. In total, 186 patients (median 57 years and 138 males) were included. Baseline plasma volume status was −30.1% (−37.1%, −19.4%) on median. Eighty‐eight patients (47%) had higher plasma volume status (>−29.8%), and their 1‐year survival was significantly lower than those without (67% vs. 87%, P = .001). High plasma volume status was an independent predictor of 1‐year death with an adjusted hazard ratio of 4.52 (95% confidence interval 1.52‐13.5). Baseline systemic congestion, as defined by the high plasma volume status, was associated with higher mortality following durable continuous‐flow LVAD implantation. The implication of improving preoperative plasma volume remains an area of needed investigation.
An update on continuous‐wave cyclophotocoagulation (CW‐CPC) and micropulse transscleral laser treatment (MP‐TLT) for adult and paediatric refractory glaucoma
Authors: Souissi Soufiane , Le Mer Yannick , Metge Florence , Portmann Alexandre , Baudouin Christophe , Labbé Antoine , Hamard Pascale 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeContinuous‐wave cyclophotocoagulation (CW‐CPC) is often preferred to medical and surgical treatments for managing refractory glaucoma. This review summarizes diode CW‐CPC indications, history, histopathology, methods, efficacy and safety. It also provides an overview of the latest data available on micropulse transscleral laser treatment (MP‐TLT) that uses repetitive micropulses of diode laser energy in an off‐and‐on cyclical fashion.MethodsA literature review was conducted on transscleral CW‐CPC (CW‐TSCPC), endoscopic CPC (ECP) and MP‐TLT. Relevant series of adult and paediatric patients were included for assessing the procedures.ResultsRegarding CW‐TCPC, highly variable success rates are reported in the literature, depending on the definition of success, type of underlying glaucoma, energy settings, follow‐up duration and retreatment rates. CW‐CPC often needs to be repeated, especially in paediatric patients. CW‐CPC exposes to risks of inflammation and chronic ocular hypotony or phthisis with irreversible visual loss. CW‐TSCPC has mainly been used in very severe forms of glaucoma, in painful eyes with limited visual potential or after filtering surgery failure. Published data on ECP are more limited but overall good success rates have been reported. Through the direct visualization of the targeted ciliary body in anatomically abnormal eyes, ECP is the preferred surgical procedure in paediatric refractory glaucoma. Complication rates are relatively low after ECP; however, large studies with long‐term follow‐up are needed. ECP may be used in difficult, refractory cases, but it is often used earlier when combined with cataract surgery. Despite limited data on the exact mechanism of action of MP‐TLT and a lack of standardization of laser settings, the first data from heterogeneous case series shows that it has a similar efficacy and a better safety profile compared to CW‐TSCPC in the medium term.ConclusionAlthough they may lead to sight‐threatening complications, both CW‐TSCPC and ECP seem effective. ECP appears to be superior to CW‐TSCPC in paediatric refractory glaucoma. Unlike ECP combined with cataract surgery, evidence supporting a wider use of CW‐TSCPC and MP‐TLT in earlier stages of neuropathy is lacking. While it now appears that the safety profile of MP‐TLT is superior to that of CW‐CPC, robust prospective comparative studies including homogeneous and well‐defined cohorts of patients are still needed to confirm an at least comparable efficacy in the long term.
Germ‐free mice are not protected against diet‐induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Moretti Chiara H. , Schiffer Tomas A. , Li Xuechen , Weitzberg Eddie , Carlström Mattias , Lundberg Jon O. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimStudies in the past 15 years have highlighted the role of the gut microbiota in modulation of host metabolism. The observation that germ‐free (GF) mice are leaner than conventionally raised (CONV) mice and their apparent resistance to diet‐induced obesity (DIO), sparked the interest in dissecting the possible causative role of the gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic diseases. However, discordant results among studies leave such relationship elusive.In this study, we compared the effects of chronic Western diet (WD) intake on body weight and metabolic function of GF and CONV mice.MethodsWe fed GF and CONV mice a WD for 16 weeks and monitored body weight weekly. At the end of the dietary challenge, the metabolic phenotype of the animals was assessed. Muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) and liver AMPK activation were investigated.ResultsBoth GF and CONV mice gained weight and developed glucose intolerance when fed a WD. Moreover, WD feeding was associated with increased adipose tissue inflammation, repressed hepatic AMPK activity, fatty liver and elevated hepatic triglycerides in both groups of mice. Enhanced fatty acid oxidation in the GF mouse is one of the proposed mechanisms for their resistance to DIO. The GF mice in this study showed higher CPT1 activity as compared to their CONV counterparts, despite not being protected from obesity.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that the microbiota is not an indispensable factor in the onset of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, suggesting that the relationship between gut bacteria and metabolic diseases needs further exploration.
Indonesian native goats (Capra hircus) reveal highest genetic frequency of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup B in the world
Authors: Mannen Hideyuki , Iso Kenta , Kawaguchi Fuki , Sasazaki Shinji , Yonezawa Takahiro , Dagong Muhammad Ihsan Andi , Bugiwati Sri Rachma Aprilita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine mtDNA sequences of the 481 bp HV1 region from two Indonesian native goat breeds, Kacang and Marica, to confirm the phylogeographic distribution of caprine haplogroup B in Southeast Asia. Based on these sequences, 12 haplotypes were observed and categorized into the predominant haplogroup B and minority haplogroup A, indicating that Indonesian native goats present the highest frequency (0.950) of the haplogroup B in the world. These results strongly emphasize previous observations of the haplogroup B frequencies tending to increase southeastward in Southeast Asia. Additionally, this suggests that goats primary bred into Southeast Asia might predominantly carry haplogroup B. This could essentially contribute to the understanding of the origin, propagation route and/or introgression history of Southeast Asian goats.
Improved antioxidant activity and rumen fermentation in beef cattle under heat stress by dietary supplementation with creatine pyruvate
Authors: Liu Lin , Zhang Wenjing , Yu Hanjing , Xu Lanjiao , Qu Mingren , Li Yanjiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPyruvate and creatine, energetics and antioxidant substances, can promote rumen fermentation and metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the stress resistance and rumen fermentation effects of the compound creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) in diets for beef cattle under heat stress. Four Jinjiang steers fitted with permanent rumen cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design and fed a diet supplemented with CrPyr at 0, 20, 40, or 60 g/d. Heat stress was employed for 62 of 64 days. Supplementing with CrPyr elevated their levels of free triiodothyronine and triiodothyronine, superoxide dismutase activity, ruminal pH value, microbial crude protein concentration, crude fat digestibility, nitrogen intake, and levels of urine allantoin and total purine derivatives. It also reduced their levels of cortisol and corticosterone, malondialdehyde concentration, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and urine nitrogen excretion. In conclusion, CrPyr relieves the heat stress of beef cattle by improving antioxidant activity and rumen microbial protein synthesis.
Exploring how and when ethical conflict impairs employee organizational commitment: A stress perspective investigation
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xu Haoying , Song Meng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrate the detrimental effect of ethical conflict (i.e., incompatibility between ethical values of employees and organizations) on employee organizational commitment. However, few studies have assessed the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions that may contribute to a deeper understanding of how and when the detrimental effect manifests. Drawing on the transactional model of stress and literature on the moral self, our study examines the psychological strain as a key intermediate mechanism that channels the negative relationship between the ethical conflict and organizational commitment. Furthermore, we posit that employees with different levels of moral identity and moral efficacy may suffer differently from ethical conflict. We tested our research model with two‐wave lagged data obtained from 265 healthcare employees and found that the indirect, negative effect of ethical conflict on organizational commitment via psychological strain is strongest among employees with high moral identity and low moral efficacy. Interestingly, results show that employees with low moral identity and high moral efficacy do not suffer from ethical conflict. These findings suggest that ethical conflict is differentially harmful to employees and that a more nuanced understanding of its contingent effects is needed.
Eating meat and not vaccinating: In defense of the analogy
Authors: Jones Ben 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe devastating impact of the COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic is prompting renewed scrutiny of practices that heighten the risk of infectious disease. One such practice is refusing available vaccines known to be effective at preventing dangerous communicable diseases. For reasons of preventing individual harm, avoiding complicity in collective harm, and fairness, there is a growing consensus among ethicists that individuals have a duty to get vaccinated. I argue that these same grounds establish an analogous duty to avoid buying and eating most meat sold today, based solely on a concern for human welfare. Meat consumption is a leading driver of infectious disease. Wildlife sales at wet markets, bushmeat hunting, and concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are all exceptionally risky activities that facilitate disease spread and impose immense harms on human populations. If there is a moral duty to vaccinate, we also should recognize a moral duty to avoid most meat. The paper concludes by considering the implications of this duty for policy.
FANCD2 and HES1 suppress inflammation‐induced PPARɣ to prevent haematopoietic stem cell exhaustion
Authors: Wu Limei , Li Xue , Lin Qiqi , Chowdhury Fabliha , Mazumder Md H. , Du Wei 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe Fanconi anaemia protein FANCD2 suppresses PPARƔ to maintain haematopoietic stem cell’s (HSC) function; however, the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that FANCD2 acts in concert with the Notch target HES1 to suppress inflammation‐induced PPARƔ in HSC maintenance. Loss of HES1 exacerbates FANCD2‐KO HSC defects. However, deletion of HES1 does not cause more severe inflammation‐mediated HSC defects in FANCD2‐KO mice, indicating that both FANCD2 and HES1 are required for limiting detrimental effects of inflammation on HSCs. Further analysis shows that both FANCD2 and HES1 are required for transcriptional repression of inflammation‐activated PPARg promoter. Inflammation orchestrates an overlapping transcriptional programme in HSPCs deficient for FANCD2 and HES1, featuring upregulation of genes in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation. Loss of FANCD2 or HES1 augments both basal and inflammation‐primed FAO. Targeted inhibition of PPARƔ or the mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT1) reduces FAO and ameliorates HSC defects in inflammation‐primed HSPCs deleted for FANCD2 or HES1 or both. Finally, depletion of PPARg or CPT1 restores quiescence in these mutant HSCs under inflammatory stress. Our results suggest that this novel FANCD2/HES1/PPARƔ axis may constitute a key component of immunometabolic regulation, connecting inflammation, cellular metabolism and HSC function.
Citrullinated inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 in arthritic joints and its potential effect in the neutrophil migration
Authors: Osada A , Matsumoto I , Mikami N , Ohyama A , Kurata I , Kondo Y , Tsuboi H , Ishigami A , Sano Y , Arai T , Ise N , Sumida T 
Published: November 2020

Summary
The citrullinated inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (cit-ITIH4) was identified as its blood level was associated with the arthritis score in peptide glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase-induced arthritis (pGIA) mice and the disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to clarify its citrullination pathway and function as related to neutrophils. In pGIA-afflicted joints, ITIH4 and cit-ITIH4 levels were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blotting (WB), while peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) expression was measured by reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR), IHC and immunofluorescent methods. The pGIA mice received anti-lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly6G) antibodies to deplete neutrophils and the expression of cit-ITIH4 was investigated by WB. The amounts of ITIH4 and cit-ITIH4 in synovial fluid (SF) from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients were examined by I.P. and W.B. Recombinant ITIH4 and cit-ITIH4 were incubated with sera from healthy volunteers before its chemotactic ability and C5a level were evaluated using Boyden's chamber assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). During peak arthritic phase, ITIH4 and cit-ITIH4 were increased in joints while PAD4 was over-expressed, especially in the infiltrating neutrophils of pGIA mice. Levels of cit-ITIH4 in plasma and joints significantly decreased upon neutrophil depletion. ITIH4 was specifically citrullinated in SF from RA patients compared with OA patients. Native ITIH4 inhibited neutrophilic migration and decreased C5a levels, while cit-ITIH4 increased its migration and C5a levels significantly. Cit-ITIH4 is generated mainly in inflamed joints by neutrophils via PAD4. Citrullination of ITIH4 may change its function to up-regulate neutrophilic migration by activating the complement cascade, exacerbating arthritis.