bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ghost QTL and hotspots in experimental crosses - novel solution by mixed model with nonzero mean
Authors: Szulc Piotr A. , Wallin Jonas , Bogdan Małgorzata , Doerge R.W. , Siegmund David O. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract“Ghost-QTL” are the false discoveries in QTL mapping, that arise due to the “accumulation” of the polygenic effects, uniformly distributed over the genome. The locations on the chromosome which are strongly correlated with the summary polygenic effect depend on a specific sample correlation structure determined by the genotype at all loci. During the analysis of e-QTL data or recombinant inbred lines this correlation structure is preserved for all traits under consideration, and may lead to the so called “hot-spots” via the detection of the summary polygenic effect at exactly the same positions for most of the considered traits. We illustrate that the problem can be solved by the application of the extended mixed effect model, where the random effects are allowed to have a nonzero mean. We provide formulas for estimating the thresholds for the corresponding t-test statistics and use them in the stepwise selection strategy, which allows for a simultaneous detection of several QTL. Extensive simulation studies illustrate that our approach allows to eliminate ghost-QTL/false hot spot effects, while preserving a high power of detection of true QTL effects.
Label-free horizontal EMSA for analysis of protein-RNA interactions
Authors: Perea William , Greenbaum Nancy L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe describe a method to analyze the affinity and specificity of interactions between proteins and RNA using horizontal PAGE under non-denaturing conditions. The method permits tracking of migration of anionic and cationic biomolecules and complexes toward anode and cathode, respectively, therefore enabling quantification of bound and free biomolecules of different charges and affinity of their intermolecular interactions. The gel is stained with a fluorescent intercalating dye (SYBR®Gold or ethidium bromide) for visualization of nucleic acids followed by Coomassie® Brilliant Blue R-250 for visualizations of proteins; the dissociation constant is determined separately from the intensity of unshifted and shifted bands visualized by each dye. The method permits calculation of bound and unbound anionic nucleic acid and cationic protein components in the same gel, regardless of charge, under identical conditions, and avoids the need for radioisotope or fluorescent labeling of either component.
Lokiarchaeon exhibits homoacetogenesis
Authors: Orsi William D. , Vuillemin Aurèle , Rodriguez Paula , Coskun Ömer K. , Gomez-Saez Gonzalo V. , Lavik Gaute , Morholz Volker , Ferdelman Timothy G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe proposed Asgard superphylum of Archaea comprises the closest archaeal relatives of eukaryotes, whose genomes hold clues pertaining to the nature host cell that acquired the mitochondrion at the origin of eukaryotes1-4. Genomes of the Asgard candidate Phylum ‘CandidatusLokiarchaeota’ [Lokiarchaeon] suggest an acetogenic H2–dependent lifestyle5and mixotrophic capabilities6. However, data on the activity of Lokiarchaeon are currently lacking, and the ecology of the host cell that acquired the mitochondrion is debated4,7. Here, we show that in anoxic marine sediments underlying highly productive waters on the Namibian continental shelf Lokiarchaeon gene expression increases with depth below the seafloor, and was significantly different across a redox gradient spanning hypoxic to sulfidic conditions. Notably, Lokiarchaeon increased expression of genes involved in growth, carbohydrate metabolism, and the H2-dependent Wood-Ljungdahl (WLP) carbon fixation pathway under the most reducing (sulfidic) conditions. Quantitative stable isotope probing experiments revealed multiple populations of Lokiarchaeota utilizing both CO2and diatomaceous extracellular polymeric substances (dEPS) as carbon sources over a 10-day incubation under anoxic conditions. This apparent anaerobic mixotrophic metabolism was consistent with the expression of Lokiarchaeon genes involved in transport and fermentation of sugars and amino acids. Remarkably, several Asgard populations were more enriched with13C-dEPS compared to the community average, indicating a preference for dEPS as a growth substrate. The qSIP and gene expression data indicate a metabolism of “CandidatusLokiarchaeota” similar to that of sugar fermenting homoacetogenic bacteria8, namely that Lokiarchaeon can couple fermentative H2production from organic substrates with electron bifurcation and the autotrophic and H2-dependent WLP. Homoacetogenesis allows to access a wide range of substrates and relatively high ATP gain during acetogenic sugar fermentation8thereby providing an ecological advantage for Lokiarchaeon in anoxic, energy limited settings.
Job embeddedness of manufacturing SME employees in Indonesia
Authors: Martdianty Fanny , Coetzer Alan , Susomrith Pattanee 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of job embeddedness (JE) theory to employees in manufacturing SMEs in Central Java, Indonesia, and to qualitatively assess the transferability of the JE framework and its measure to these distinctive contexts.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using semi-structured interviews with 42 employees from 13 SMEs. The JE framework informed development of the interview questions, which focussed on participants’ lived experiences. Thematic analysis of the textual data was conducted.FindingsDistinctive characteristics of SMEs, such as resource constraints and managerial informality, and cultural factors influenced employees’ perceptions of the forces that embedded them in their jobs. For example, participants perceived the psychological costs associated with severing ties with co-workers as a more salient embedding force than the material costs associated with leaving a job. Additionally, lack of job fit was not an important turnover determinant, because work was perceived as a duty or obligation, rather than a personal choice.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings imply that the JE framework and its measure only partially explain why employees stay in manufacturing SMEs in Central Java. Accordingly, the original JE scale items would need to be significantly modified to accurately assess employees’ levels of embeddedness in Indonesian manufacturing SMEs.Originality/valueLimited research has examined how SME owner-managers can retain key employees, particularly in Indonesia. This study contributes to an understanding of factors that embed employees in the cultural context of Indonesia and enhances our understanding of how JE theory operates in SMEs.
Services marketing practices in diverse cultures: Canada compared to Qatar
Authors: Abu Farha Allam K. , Koku Paul Sergius , Al-Kwifi Sam O. , Ahmed Zafar U. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The service marketing literature has traditionally argued that the marketing practices of service firms that operate in diverse cultures should also differ. This paper aims to investigate this argument by examining the marketing practices of service firms in two highly diverse countries “Canada and Qatar” in the context of a contemporary conceptual framework.

Design/methodology/approach
Survey data were collected in both countries using a self-administered questionnaire that was used in previous contemporary marketing practice (CMP) studies. The data analysis was conducted in two stages. First, descriptive statistics were used to determine cross-national differences in the intensity of use of various CMP activities in Qatar compared to Canada. Second, cross-national differences in various combinations of marketing practices were identified using a cluster analysis.

Findings
The results indicate that service firms in both countries have more similarities than differences and that the overall patterns of marketing practices are similar. In addition, the firms’ marketing practices reflect aspects of all four marketing approaches rather than just one.

Research limitations/implications
The study was conducted in only two countries, thus generalisability of its findings and conclusions may not be possible.

Practical implications
The results of this study can help marketers to better understand the changing marketing environment and identify new marketing solutions when operating in different environments.

Originality/value
This study enhances the literature on service marketing and expands the application of the CMP framework to a new context that has not been addressed in previous studies.
What is determining affordable housing shortages in the Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia?
Authors: Lateef Olanrewaju Abdul , Idrus Arazi 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the affordable housing shortage in the Greater Kuala Lumpur from the suppliers’ perspectives.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected through a cross-sectional survey questionnaire comprising 21 determinants and 111 experts in the housing industry.FindingsThe affordable housing shortages are consequences of regulations and policies on land allocations, building materials and the affordable housing market. The government should provide more lands to the developers or the government should directly build affordable housing on their lands. To lower the cost of construction, the government should reduce the importation tax and procedures, and the housing industry should find alternative building materials.Originality/valueTheoretically, the research provided fresh insights into the causes of housing shortages and reasons for the increase in housing prices. The results will be useful to policymakers towards affordable housing delivery and to the developers and contractors on measures to increase profit margins and increase housing supply.
Waveform analysis of differential graphs of reconstructed impedance cardiography from healthy individuals
Authors: He Bai‐qing , Wang Zi‐ming , Kuang Shi‐jiang , Xiao Qiu‐jin , Kuang Ming‐xing , Ji Juan‐Feng , Wu Yun‐qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim is to measure and analyze the wave amplitudes and time intervals of differential graphs of reconstructed impedance cardiography (RICG).Methods180 adults with normal cardiac function between the ages of 18–78 were included in the study. Six mingled impedance changes on chest surface were simultaneously detected for each subject. The differential graphs of five impedance change components of RICG were obtained through waveform separation and software differentiation. The amplitudes of C, X, O, b waves and time intervals of Q‐b and Q‐C were measured and statistically analyzed.ResultsThe amplitudes of C and X waves in PL, PR, AO, and that of C, O, b waves in LV and RV, all decrease as age increases. Wave amplitudes of the female group were bigger than those of the male group (p < .01), while the Q‐C intervals of the female group were shorter than that of the male group (p < .01). Among five impedance change components, the wave amplitude of AO was larger than those of PL and PR (p < .01), and wave amplitudes of PL and PR were bigger than those of LV and RV (p < .01). Q‐C intervals of LV and RV were longer than those of AO, PL and PR (p < .01), while the Q‐b intervals of LV and RV were shorter than the Q‐C intervals of AO, PL, and PR.ConclusionsThe differential graphs of RICG could reflect indirectly the physiological activities and pathological changes of the heart and of the large blood vessels in thorax.
Treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma at a New Zealand centre: meeting the challenges of a low volume country
Authors: Saw Kai Sheng , Robertson Jason , Walsh Michael , Hider Phillip , Rodgers Michael , Booth Michael , Srinivasa Sanket , Koea Jonathan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurgical treatment of gastric cancer in New Zealand is challenging because of a low annual incidence of 400 patients and population dispersal over a wide area with little data on regional treatment trends and outcomes. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the surgical outcomes of gastric cancer patients presenting to a single upper gastrointestinal centre (WDHB, Waitemata District Health Board) and to compare these to national and international standards.MethodsData on 135 patients with histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma presenting between January 2010 and December 2014 were reviewed and compared with nationally available procedural volume data.ResultsSixty of 135 patients were resected (resection rate 44%) and 75 patients were managed with palliative chemotherapy/symptomatic care alone. Twenty‐six patients (43%) received adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and only two patients (3%) underwent laparoscopic resection. In resected patients, 90‐day mortality was 1.6%, and 11 patients (18%) developed complications ≥ Clavien‐Dindo grade 3. Fifty‐two patients (87%) had ≥15 lymph nodes resected and 54 patients (90%) had a histological R0 resection. At median follow‐up of 49 months, 30 patients remain alive and disease‐free with 20 true 5‐year disease‐free survivors. National data between 2010 and 2014 showed WDHB performed 20% (338/1710) of gastric resections for all indications in New Zealand.ConclusionWhile WDHB is an internationally low volume centre for gastric cancer, surgical outcomes benchmark satisfactorily to international standards. New Zealand's national treatment standards should set aspirational goals for gastric cancer treatment and have a clear strategy to address issues of surgical volume and national service provision.
Bird's nest ferns promote resource sharing by centipedes
Authors: Phillips Josie W. , Chung Arthur Y. C. , Edgecombe Gregory D. , Ellwood M. D. Farnon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBird's nest ferns (Asplenium spp.) support large numbers of invertebrates, including centipedes. As top invertebrate predators, centipedes drive ecosystem function, for example, by regulating decomposer populations, but we know little of their ecology in forest canopies. We provide the first detailed observations of the diversity and structure of the centipede communities of bird's nest ferns, revealing the importance of these epiphytes as nurseries for centipedes. We collected 305 centipedes equating to ˜11,300 mg of centipede biomass from 44 bird's nest ferns (22 of which were from the high canopy and 22 from the low canopy) in primary tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Most abundant were the Scolopendromorpha (n = 227 individuals), followed by the Geophilomorpha (n = 59), Lithobiomorpha (n = 14), and Scutigeromorpha (n = 5). Although we observed very little overlap in species between the forest strata, scolopendromorph centipedes dominated throughout the canopy. Null model analysis revealed no significant competitive interactions; on the contrary, we observed centipedes sharing nest sites within the ferns on three of the ten occasions that we found nests. All nests belonged to centipedes of the family Scolopendridae, which are typically aggressive, and usually show negative spatial association. This study reveals a diverse community of canopy centipedes, providing further evidence of the importance of bird's nest ferns to a wide range of animals, many of which use the ferns at critical life stages. Future conservation strategies should regard these ubiquitous epiphytes as umbrella species and protect them accordingly in landscape management decisions.Abstract in Malay is available with online material.
Social ties explain catch portfolios of small‐scale fishers in the Caribbean
Authors: Alexander Steven M. , Staniczenko Phillip P. A. , Bodin Örjan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSmall‐scale fisheries often involve weak management regimes with limited top‐down enforcement of rules and minimal support from legal institutions, making them useful model systems for investigating the role of social influence in determining economic and environmental outcomes. In such regimes, interpersonal relationships are expected to have a strong effect on a fisher's catch portfolio, the set of fish species targeted by an individual fisher. Here, we test three competing hypotheses about social influence using belief propagation network models and show that a peer‐to‐peer information‐sharing social network is key to explaining catch portfolios at a small‐scale fishery in Jamaica. We find that experience dictates the direction of influence among fishers in the social network, with older fishers and information brokers having distinct roles in shaping catch patterns for large‐ and small‐sized fish species, respectively. These findings highlight concrete opportunities for harnessing social networks in natural resource management. Our new approach to modelling social influence is applicable to many social–ecological systems with minimal legal and institutional support or those that rely heavily on bottom‐up participatory processes.
What is the effect of active ingredients in dentifrice on inhibiting the regrowth of overnight plaque? A systematic review
Authors: Valkenburg Cees , Else Slot Dagmar , Van der Weijden GA (Fridus) 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review was to establish the adjuvant clinical effect of brushing with a dentifrice containing purported active ingredients as compared to a regular sodium fluoride dentifrice with respect to the inhibition of overnight dental plaque regrowth from studies with human participants.MethodsMEDLINE‐PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched, up to June 2019. The inclusion criteria were controlled clinical trials with participants aged ≥ 18 years in good general health. Studies were included that evaluated the effect of toothbrushing with a dentifrice on the inhibition of overnight dental plaque regrowth when an active ingredient was added to the dentifrice as compared to a common sodium fluoride product. Data were extracted from the eligible studies, the risk of bias was assessed, and a meta‐analysis was performed where feasible.ResultIndependent screening of 213 unique papers resulted in 10 eligible publications that provided 14 comparisons. Stannous fluoride and triclosan dentifrices were found as the active ingredients. The descriptive analysis indicated that all, but two comparisons demonstrated an additional effect on the active‐ingredient dentifrice. The meta‐analysis supported and strengthened these findings. It showed that when plaque was scored digitally, a DiffM was −3.15(95% CI [−4.61:‐1.69], P < .001, prediction interval [−5.07;‐1.24]). When plaque was scored clinically, the difference of means (DiffM) was −0.33(95% CI [−0.49:‐0.16], P < .001, prediction interval [−0.87; 0.21]).ConclusionThe results of this review demonstrate moderate‐quality evidence that brushing with an active‐ingredient dentifrice with stannous fluoride or triclosan does provide an added clinically relevant effect concerning plaque inhibition capabilities that surpass the effect of a regular sodium fluoride dentifrice.
Targeted endodontic microsurgery and endodontic microsurgery: a surgical simulation comparison
Authors: Hawkins T. K. , Wealleans J. A. , Pratt A. M. , Ray J. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo compare surgical time, bevel angle and site volumetric profiles of osteotomy and resection accomplished by targeted endodontic microsurgery (TEMS) and traditional endodontic microsurgery (EMS) in a surgical simulation model.MethodologyAn 80x80‐mm cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) file was imported into Mimics software where artificial periapical lesions were created encompassing twelve root apices. Maxillary and mandibular models were 3D‐printed. TEMS surgical guides were designed and 3D‐printed for each surgical site. Three board‐certified endodontists used the original CBCT to plan and perform EMS on models of six maxillary and six mandibular teeth. Next, the same endodontists performed TEMS on duplicate 3D‐printed models for the same teeth. All surgeries were timed. Postoperative CBCT images of experimental models were made and imported into Amira software for measurement of bevel angle and site volumetric profiles. Paired t‐tests compared the mean differences between EMS and TEMS groups. A Bonferroni correction determined data to be significant at P < 0.004.ResultsTEMS significantly reduced surgical time (P < 0.00001), had bevel angles more closely approaching zero degrees (P < 0.01) and had significantly less volume of over‐resection (P < 0.001) and length of root resection (P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn this surgical simulation scenario, TEMS provided more efficient completion of osteotomy and resection, with a more appropriate root‐end resection volume and bevel angle.
Optimal start time of a markdown sale under a two‐echelon inventory system
Authors: Shin Youngchul , Ko Chang Seong , Moon Ilkyeong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe importance of inventory management for perishable items has been steadily attracting attention. Because of the characteristics of items whose values drop precipitously or cannot be sold after a particular time, items should be disposed of by a markdown sale. Accordingly, the company makes the following decisions at the end of the selling season: (a) selection on which products to be discounted, (b) pricing of the product, and (c) timing of the sale. Extant literature on the inventory problem has mainly focused on investigating decisions on selecting products for discount and the amount of the discount. That is, the decision on the start time of the markdown sale was not extensively studied. This study focuses on the optimal combination of a start time of the markdown sale and an order quantity based on a newsvendor model. Under certain conditions in a decentralized system, the start time of a markdown sale, where the retailer obtains the highest profit, is the least profitable for the manufacturer. Therefore, we propose a revenue‐sharing contract to avoid irrational ordering behavior by a retailer against a manufacturer. Centralization through the revenue‐sharing contract improves the profits of the retailer and manufacturer compared to those earned in the decentralized system.
In Search of Lost Time: Memory‐framing, Bilateral Identity‐making, and European Security
Authors: Hofmann Stephanie C. , Mérand Frédéric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBilateral relations between France and either Germany or the UK are the backbone of European security and defence cooperation. From a strategic and cultural point of view, these relations are not self‐evident. In this article, we track the memory‐framing processes accompanying the creation of major bilateral initiatives. Leaders such as Adenauer and De Gaulle, Mitterrand and Kohl, Blair and Chirac, and Sarkozy and Cameron imagined bilateral communities of fate informed by mutually understandable historical memories: the World Wars for the Franco‐German relationship and the Empire for the Franco‐British relationship. Based on these memory frames, Franco‐German identity undergirds a policy‐based integration of core state powers while Franco‐British identity informs capacity‐building and force projection (a resource‐based integration). These bilateral identities led to earmarking national military forces for common purposes and intertwined defence industries. In some cases, they also provided an impetus for EU cooperation in the context of the Common Foreign and Security Policy or the Common Security and Defence Policy.