bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No evidence of sickness behavior in immune‐challenged field crickets
Authors: Kelly Clint D. , Mc Cabe Leroux Jules 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSickness behavior is a taxonomically widespread coordinated set of behavioral changes that increases shelter‐seeking while reducing levels of general activity, as well as food (anorexia) and water (adipsia) consumption, when fighting infection by pathogens and disease. The leading hypothesis explaining such sickness‐related shifts in behavior is the energy conservation hypothesis. This hypothesis argues that sick (i.e., immune‐challenged) animals reduce energetic expenditure in order have more energy to fuel an immune response, which in some vertebrates, also includes producing an energetically expensive physiological fever. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that an immune challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) will cause Gryllus firmus field crickets to reduce their activity, increase shelter use and avoid foods that interfere with an immune response (i.e., fat) while preferring a diet that fuels an immune response (i.e., protein). We found little evidence of sickness behavior in Gryllus firmus as immune‐challenged individuals did not reduce their activity or increase their shelter‐seeking. Neither did we observe changes in feeding or drinking behavior nor a preference for protein or avoidance of lipids. Males tended to use shelters less than females but no other behaviors differed between the sexes. The lack of sickness behavior in our study might reflect the fact that invertebrates do not possess energetically expensive physiological fever as part of their immune response. Therefore, there is little reason to conserve energy via reduced activity or increased shelter use when immune‐challenged.
Robbery in progress: Historical museum collections bring to light a mitochondrial capture within a bird species widespread across southern Australia, the Copperback Quail‐thrush Cinclosoma clarum
Authors: McElroy Kerensa , Black Andrew , Dolman Gaynor , Horton Philippa , Pedler Lynn , Campbell Catriona D. , Drew Alex , Joseph Leo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe surveyed mitochondrial, autosomal, and Z chromosome diversity within and between the Copperback Quail‐thrush Cinclosoma clarum and Chestnut Quail‐thrush C. castanotum, which together span the arid and semi‐arid zones of southern Australia, and primarily from specimens held in museum collections. We affirm the recent taxonomic separation of the two species and then focus on diversity within the more widespread of the two species, C. clarum. To guide further study of the system and what it offers to understanding the genomics of the differentiation and speciation processes, we develop and present a hypothesis to explain mitonuclear discordance that emerged in ourdata. Following a period of historical allopatry, secondary contact has resulted in an eastern mitochondrial genome replacing the western mitochondrial genome in western populations. This is predicted under a population‐level invasion in the opposite direction, that of the western population invading the range of the eastern one. Mitochondrial captures can be driven by neutral, demographic processes, or adaptive mechanisms, and we favor the hypothesized capture being driven by neutral means. We cannot fully reject the adaptive process but suggest how these alternatives may be further tested. We acknowledge an alternative hypothesis, which finds some support in phenotypic data published elsewhere, namely that outcomes of secondary contact have been more complex than our current genomic data suggest. Discriminating and reconciling these two alternative hypotheses, which may not be mutually exclusive, could be tested with closer sampling at levels of population, individual, and nucleotide than has so far been possible. This would be further aided by knowledge of the genetic basis to phenotypic variation described elsewhere.
Metal–Organic Frameworks‐Derived Porous Yolk–Shell MoP/Cu3P@carbon Microcages as High‐Performance Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yin Yanyou , Zhang Yu , Liu Nannan , Fan Lishuang , Zhang Naiqing 
Published: June 2020

Transitional metal phosphides (TMPs) anode materials usually have large volume change and weak diffusion kinetics, leading to poor cycle stability. Combining TMPs with conductive carbon matrix has been widely used to boost sodium storage. However, it still needs to make efforts in the rational and facile design of nano/micro‐structural TMPs/carbon hybrid anode material. Herein, a MOFs‐derived strategy is developed to synthesize porous yolk–shell MoP/Cu3P@carbon microcages (MoP/Cu3P@C) through in situ and confined phosphidation reaction as a high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries anode. This yolk–shell structure can offer adequate internal space to buffer the large volume expansion, shorten diffusion distance, and create more active sites of Na+. Especially, the Cu nanoparticles generated from Cu3P have remarkable electronic conductivity of 5.7 × 107 S m−1 (the second most conductive metal) to benefit transporting electrons. And the introduction of Mo (MoP has high theoretical capacity of 633 mA h g−1) can enhance the reversible capacity of the whole anode material. Therefore, these porous yolk–shell MoP/Cu3P@carbon microcages possess excellent reversible capacity of 307.8 mA h g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 and extraordinary cycle stability of 132.1 mA h g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 even after 6000 cycles.
Polynomial edge reconstruction sensitivity, subpixel Sobel gradient kernel analysis
Authors: Wells Nicholas , See Chung W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn digital image processing the accuracy and precision of edge detectors within noisy temporal environments can be imperative. In this article, a report on the polynomial reconstruction of 22.5° Sobel kernels using additional points through imaging system noise are analyzed. In comparison to the accuracy of first‐order interval kernel masks, the first‐order 45° kernel approximation using 5‐points provides consistent stability in accuracy and precision across pixel and subpixel gradients. For a 22.5° sampling interval, a 3‐point polynomial evaluation minimizes the error of the subpixel orientation of the gradient. These characteristics are derived from the retention of kernel symmetry using noninteger coefficients. Critical to gradient precision is the distortion of the evaluated points due to system noise or their value away from second‐order symmetry. For a refined measurement estimate, sensitivity up to 10−5 is demonstrated.
Evaluating the OECD’s main economic indicators at anticipating recessions*
Authors: Camacho Máximo , Palmieri Gonzalo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) techniques, we evaluate the predictive content of the monthly main economic indicators (MEI) of the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) for predicting both growth cycle and business cycle recessions at different horizons. From a sample that covers 123 indicators for 32 OECD countries as well as for Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation, and South Africa, our results suggest that the OECD's MEI show a high overall performance in providing early signals of economic downturns worldwide, albeit they perform a bit better at anticipating business cycles than growth cycles. Although the performance for OECD and non‐OECD members is similar in terms of timeliness, the indicators are more accurate at anticipating recessions for OECD members. Finally, we find that some single indicators, such as interest rates, spreads, and credit indicators, perform even better than the composite leading indicators.
Enhanced oral bioavailability of oligomeric proanthocyanidins by a self‐double‐emulsifying drug delivery system
Authors: Tian Yuan , Mao Xinyu , Sun Rui , Zhang Ming , Xia Qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study aims at the formulation and evaluation of solid self‐double‐emulsifying drug delivery system (SDEDDS) to increase the bioavailability of oligomeric proanthocyanidin (OPC). The formulation is prepared through two‐step method and is able to form water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double emulsions after diluted with aqueous medium while keeping the drug in inner water phase. Solid‐state characterization is performed by DSC and X‐ray powder diffraction. Furthermore, antioxidant capacity shows that OPC is preserved by the solid SDEDDS. OPC‐SDEDDS exhibit sustained release of OPC under the conditions mimicking gastrointestinal tract. The result shows that bioaccessibility of OPC is improved after incorporating into SDEDDS formulation compared to pure drug. The proposed SDEDDS is a promising carrier strategy for delivering the hydrophilic compounds with low‐oral bioavailability.
Common and unique connectivity at the interface of motor, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A commonality analysis
Authors: Lang Stefan , Ismail Zahinoor , Kibreab Mekale , Kathol Iris , Sarna Justyna , Monchi Oury 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by overlapping motor, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms. Worse performance in one domain is associated with worse performance in the other domains. Commonality analysis (CA) is a method of variance partitioning in multiple regression, used to separate the specific and common influence of collinear predictors. We apply, for the first time, CA to the functional connectome to investigate the unique and common neural connectivity underlying the interface of the symptom domains in 74 non‐demented PD subjects. Edges were modeled as a function of global motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric scores. CA was performed, yielding measures of the unique and common contribution of the symptom domains. Bootstrap confidence intervals were used to determine the precision of the estimates and to directly compare each commonality coefficient. The overall model identified a network with the caudate nucleus as a hub. Neuropsychiatric impairment accounted for connectivity in the caudate‐dorsal anterior cingulate and caudate‐right dorsolateral prefrontal‐right inferior parietal circuits, while caudate‐medial prefrontal connectivity reflected a unique effect of both neuropsychiatric and cognitive impairment. Caudate‐precuneus connectivity was explained by both unique and shared influence of neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms. Lastly, posterior cortical connectivity reflected an interplay of the unique and common effects of each symptom domain. We show that CA can determine the amount of variance in the connectome that is unique and shared amongst motor, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms in PD, thereby improving our ability to interpret the data while gaining novel insight into networks at the interface of these symptom domains.
Physical inactivity and head and neck cancer mortality
Authors: Fried Jacob , Etter John Lewis , Stenzel Ashley E. , Joseph Janine M. , Cannioto Rikki , Danziger Iris R. , Moysich Kirsten B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study was performed to examine the association between adulthood recreational physical inactivity (PIA) and mortality among patients with cancers of the head and neck.MethodsPatients with head and neck cancer at Roswell Park between years 1990 to 1998 were included (N = 305). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to analyze the association between PIA and risk of dying.ResultsThere was a 1.40‐fold increase in risk of dying among PIA patients, when compared to active patients with head and neck cancers (HR = 1.40, CI: 1.03‐1.91). This was observed greater in PIA women (HR = 2.40, CI: 1.28‐4.52), patients who were overweight/obese (HR = 1.76, CI: 1.09‐2.85), patients with pharynx as the primary site (HR = 1.85, CI: 1.01‐3.38), and patients with distant metastasis (HR = 5.19, CI: 1.37‐19.65).ConclusionPhysically inactive patients with head and neck cancers are at significantly greater risk of dying when compared to patients who are active.
Telemedicine for head and neck ambulatory visits during COVID‐19: Evaluating usability and patient satisfaction
Authors: Layfield Eleanor , Triantafillou Vasiliki , Prasad Aman , Deng Jie , Shanti Rabie M. , Newman Jason G. , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn light of the COVID‐19 pandemic, there has been a rapid increase in telemedicine visits. Otolaryngology patient satisfaction with these visits has not yet been extensively studied using a validated survey.MethodsAll patients who had telemedicine visits with three head and neck surgeons, by phone or video‐based platform, between March 25, 2020 and April 24, 2020. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted to determine demographic, disease, and treatment information. Patients who had a video visit were contacted by telephone and, if they could be reached and consented, were administered the telehealth usability questionnaire (TUQ).ResultsHundred surveys were completed. The average score across all questions was 6.01 on a scale from 1 to 7, where 7 indicated the highest level of patient agreement. The highest scores were for questions related to satisfaction with telehealth (6.29), while the lowest were related to reliability (4.86).ConclusionsPatients are generally highly satisfied with telemedicine.
Role of Platelet C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor 2 in Promoting Lung Metastasis in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Ichikawa Jiro , Ando Takashi , Kawasaki Tomonori , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Shirai Toshiaki , Tsukiji Nagaharu , Kimura Yujiro , Aoki Kaoru , Hayakawa Keiko , Suzuki-Inoue Katsue , Saitoh Masao , Haro Hirotaka 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
The overall prognosis of patients with sarcoma-based cancers has changed little in the last 20 years. There is an urgent need to investigate the metastatic potential of these tumors and to develop anti-metastatic drugs. It is becoming increasingly clear that platelets play an important role in the establishment of metastasis of carcinoma cells and could be a useful therapeutic target for patients with carcinoma. However, little is known about the role of platelets in sarcoma progression. Here, we investigated how osteosarcoma progression relates to platelet function to explore the possibility of anti-platelet therapy. We found that, similar to carcinoma cells, podoplanin (also known as Aggrus)-positive osteosarcoma cells induce platelet aggregation and activation. Administration of anti–glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα, also known as CD42b) antibody reduced the lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. The supernatant from platelets cocultured with osteosarcoma cells contained several growth factors and promoted proliferation, invasiveness, and sphere formation of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. In addition, the development of lung metastasis was highly dependent on direct interaction between osteosarcoma cells and platelets. To explore the therapeutic target, we focused on the interactions between podoplanin on osteosarcoma and C-type lectin-like receptor (CLEC)-2 on platelets. The administration of a depleting antibody against CLEC-2 efficiently suppressed osteosarcoma metastasis into the lung. We also analyzed clinical data from patient samples at primary and metastatic sites. Although GPIbα expression was similar between the two sites, there was a significant increase in podoplanin at the metastatic site compared to that in the primary site, and the level of podoplanin expression in the primary site correlated with patient prognosis. These findings suggest that blockade of interactions between platelets CLEC-2 and osteosarcoma podoplanin represent the most promising therapeutic strategy for preventing the lung metastasis of osteosarcoma. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Photo‐excited intramolecular charge transfer and excited state intramolecular proton transfer behaviors for HPIBT system: A theoretical investigation
Authors: Yang Guang , Chen Kaifeng , Jin Xiaofeng , Yang Dapeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGiven facile synthetic route and excellent photo stability, excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)‐active luminous materials have gained more and more attention. Here, we focus on photo‐induced excitation process and the ESIPT reaction process for the novel 5‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl‐6‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐isoindole‐1,3‐dione (HPIBT) molecule. On the level of chemical geometries and infrared spectra, we verify that O─H⋯N of HPIBT should be enhanced. We find that a proton is likely to be attracted by enhanced electronic densities around N, that is, charge transfer impetus ESIPT trend. Combing potential energy curves and searching for transition state, we clarify the ultrafast ESIPT mechanism of HPIBT due to a low barrier, which legitimately explains previous experimental characteristics.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid attenuates phospholipase Cγ2 and IgE-mediated mast cell activation
Authors: Rodríguez-López Gloria Mariana , Soria-Castro Rodolfo , Campillo-Navarro Marcia , Pérez-Tapia Sonia Mayra , Flores-Borja Fabián , Wong-Baeza Isabel , Muñoz-Cruz Samira , López-Santiago Rubén , Estrada-Parra Sergio , Estrada-García Iris , Chávez-Blanco Alma Delia , Chacón-Salinas Rommel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mast cell activation through the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) plays a central role in allergic reactions. FcεRI-mediated activation triggers multiple signaling pathways leading to degranulation and synthesis of different inflammatory mediators. IgE-mediated mast cell activation can be modulated by different molecules, including several drugs. Herein, we investigated the immunomodulatory activity of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) on IgE-mediated mast cell activation. To this end, bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) were sensitized with IgE and treated with VPA followed by FcεRI cross-linking. The results indicated that VPA reduced mast cell IgE-dependent degranulation and cytokine release. VPA also induced a significant reduction in the cell surface expression of FcεRI and CD117, but not other mast cell surface molecules. Interestingly, VPA treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of PLCγ2, a key signaling molecule involved in IgE-mediated degranulation and cytokine secretion. However, VPA did not affect the phosphorylation of other key components of the FcεRI signaling pathway, such as Syk, Akt, ERK1/2, or p38. Altogether, our data demonstrate that VPA affects PLCγ2 phosphorylation, which in turn decreases IgE-mediated mast cell activation. These results suggest that VPA might be a key modulator of allergic reactions and might be a promising therapeutic candidate.
Human neutrophils activated by TLR8 agonists, with or without IFNγ, synthesize and release EBI3, but not IL-12, IL-27, IL-35, or IL-39
Authors: Cassatella Marco A , Gardiman Elisa , Arruda-Silva Fabio , Bianchetto-Aguilera Francisco , Gasperini Sara , Bugatti Mattia , Vermi William , Larousserie Frederique , Devergne Odile , Tamassia Nicola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The IL-12 family of cytokines plays crucial functions in innate and adaptive immunity. These cytokines include heterodimers sharing distinct α (IL-12A, IL-23A, and IL-27A) with two β (IL-12B and Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 [EBI3]) chains, respectively, IL-12 (IL-12B plus IL-12A) and IL-23 (IL-12B plus IL-23A) sharing IL-12B, IL-27 (EBI3 plus IL-27A), IL-35 (EBI3 plus IL-12A), and IL-39 (EBI3 plus IL-23A) sharing EBI3. In this context, we have recently reported that highly pure neutrophils incubated with TLR8 agonists produce functional IL-23. Previously, we showed that neutrophils incubated with LPS plus IFNγ for 20 h produce IL-12. Herein, we investigated whether highly pure, TLR8-activated, neutrophils produce EBI3, and in turn IL-27, IL-35, and IL-39, the IL-12 members containing it. We report that neutrophils incubated with TLR8 ligands, TNFα and, to a lesser extent, LPS, produce and release remarkable amounts of EBI3, but not IL-27A, consequently excluding the possibility for an IL-27 production. We also report a series of unsuccessful experiments performed to investigate whether neutrophil-derived EBI3 associates with IL-23A to form IL-39. Furthermore, we show that neutrophils incubated with IFNγ in combination with either TLR8 or TLR4 ligands express/produce neither IL-12, nor IL-35, due to the inability of IFNγ, contrary to previous findings, to activate IL12A transcription. Even IL-27 was undetectable in supernatants harvested from IFNγ plus R848-treated neutrophils, although they were found to accumulate IL27A transcripts. Finally, by immunohistochemistry experiments, EBI3-positive neutrophils were found in discrete pathologies only, including diverticulitis, cholecystitis, Gorham disease, and Bartonella Henselae infection, implying a specific role of neutrophil-derived EBI3 in vivo.
Sodium in the Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Spinal Cord: Increased Concentrations and Associations With Microstructural Tissue Anisotropy
Authors: Solanky Bhavana S. , Prados Ferran , Tur Carmen , Yiannakas Marios C. , Kanber Baris , Cawley Niamh , Brownlee Wallace , Ourselin Sebastien , Golay Xavier , Ciccarelli Olga , Gandini Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia A. M. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAssociations between brain total sodium concentration, disability, and disease progression have recently been reported in multiple sclerosis. However, such measures in spinal cord have not been reported.PurposeTo measure total sodium concentration (TSC) alterations in the cervical spinal cord of people with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and a control cohort using sodium MR spectroscopy (MRS).Study TypeRetrospective cohort.SubjectsNineteen people with RRMS and 21 healthy controls.Field Strength/Sequence3 T sodium MRS, diffusion tensor imaging, and 3D gradient echo.AssessmentQuantification of total sodium concentration in the cervical cord using a reference phantom. Measures of spinal cord cross‐sectional area, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity from 1H MRI. Clinical assessments of 9‐Hole Peg Test, 25‐Foot Timed walk test, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test with 3‐second intervals, grip strength, vibration sensitivity, and posturography were performed on the RRMS cohort as well as reporting lesions in the C2/3 area.Statistical TestsMultiple linear regression models were run between sodium and clinical scores, cross‐sectional area, and diffusion metrics to establish any correlations.ResultsA significant increase in spinal cord total sodium concentration was found in people with RRMS relative to healthy controls (57.6 ± 18 mmol and 38.0 ± 8.6 mmol, respectively, P < 0.001). Increased TSC correlated with reduced fractional anisotropy (P = 0.034) and clinically with decreased mediolateral stability assessed with posturography (P = 0.045).Data ConclusionTotal sodium concentration in the cervical spinal cord is elevated in RRMS. This alteration is associated with reduced fractional anisotropy, which may be due to changes in tissue microstructure and, hence, in the integrity of spinal cord tissue.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2