bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear response of the indirect J‐coupling alternation to the energy gap of increasing π‐conjugated oligomers
Authors: Oliveira João P. C. , Rivelino Roberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe have investigated the dependence of the electronic energy gap of organic conjugated oligomers on the J‐coupling alternation (JCA) parameter, derived from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We exploit the systematic and concerted oscillations observed for the indirect spin‐spin coupling constants (SSCCs), between two adjacent 13C nuclei (1JCC), in the π‐conjugated systems. Hence, we define a scalar JCA parameter in terms of the differences of 1JCC, which is further analyzed as a function of the HOMO‐LUMO gaps (the energy difference between the frontier molecular orbitals), as well as other properties of the studied oligomers. Using an adequate exchange‐correlation density functional approach, we show that, for all systems considered here, that is, polyacetylene (PA), poly(para‐phenylene) (PPP), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PTh), their calculated electronic energy gaps may exhibit a linear dependence on the JCA. Our results indicate that a single‐valued NMR‐based parameter properly renders the electronic features of highly conjugated oligomers, allowing us to compare the strengths of J‐couplings in different systems. The present description yields a way to capture both the bonding features and the electronic absorption of these systems provided by the SSCCs. The JCA gives evidence for the differences in the electronic structure of distinct classes of conjugated systems, such as PA, and those that can exhibit a quinoid character, such as PPP, PPy, and PTh.
Open versus robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy: A longitudinal comparison of 880 patients over 10 years
Authors: Zeuschner Philip , Greguletz Leonie , Meyer Irmengard , Linxweiler Johannes , Janssen Martin , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Siemer Stefan , Stöckle Michael , Saar Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost comparisons between robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN) indicate the superiority of RAPN, but the learning curve is often not considered.MethodsAll consecutive partial nephrectomies from the very first RAPN at a single tertiary referral centre (n = 818, 500 RAPN vs. 313 OPN) were retrospectively analyzed. Complications, success rates and surgical outcomes were compared. Inequalities between cohorts and the inherent learning curve were controlled by subgroup comparisons, regression analyses, and propensity score matching.ResultsOverall, RAPN had fewer complications, less blood loss, and shorter length of stay. However, an inherent learning curve caused higher complications for the first 4 years. Thereafter, perioperative outcomes clearly favoured RAPN, even for more complex tumours.ConclusionsIn one of the largest monocentric cohorts over more than 10 years, RAPN was found to be superior to OPN. However, not all advantages of RAPN are immediate because a learning curve must be passed.
Transplantation in the era of the Covid‐19 pandemic: How should transplant patients and programs be handled?
Authors: NasrAllah Mohamed M. , Osman Noha A. , Elalfy Mahmoud , Malvezzi Paolo , Rostaing Lionel 
Published: September 2020

SummaryDue to the Covid‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, transplant programs worldwide have been severely impacted with dwindling numbers of transplantations performed and a complete halt in several areas. In this review we examine whether SARS‐CoV‐2 infection presents differently in transplant recipients, whom and how we should test, how susceptible the transplant population is to overt infection and describe the range of outcomes. From retrieved published reports on SARS‐CoV‐2infections in 389solid organ transplant recipients reported in the literature, the overall mortality rate was 16.7% (n= 65); however for those with mild or moderate Covid‐19 disease this was 2.9% and 2.3% respectively; conversely, for those with severe infection the mortality rate was 52.2%.We then address questions regarding halting transplantation programs during this pandemic, whether all human tissues being considered for transplantation are capable of transmitting the infection, and if we should alter immunosuppressive medications during the pandemic.
Carbon Dot Loaded Integrative CoFe2O4/g‐C3N4 P‐N Heterojunction: Direct Solar Light‐Driven Photocatalytic H2 Evolution and Organic Pollutant Degradation
Authors: Lallimathi Mathiazhagan , Kalisamy Periyathambi , Suryamathi Mathiazhagan , Alshahrani T. , Shkir Mohd. , Venkatachalam Munusamy , Palanivel Baskaran 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this report, the novel carbon dot (CD) loaded CoFe2O4/g‐C3N4 p‐n heterojunction for photocatalytic H2 evolution and tetracycline (TCN) degradation under sunlight irradiation has been proposed. The wet chemical method was used to prepare the photocatalysts. The heterojunction formation between the CoFe2O4 and g‐C3N4 facilitates to improve the solar light absorption ability which was confirmed by UV‐vis‐diffused reflectance spectroscopy. Moreover, the CD loading improves the charge carrier's separation. Comparison with the pure and binary nanocomposite photocatalysts, the CD loaded ternary heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits the greater photocatalytic performance with high H2 production (2715 μmol/g) and TCN degradation (95 %) under sun‐light irradiation. Moreover, the recycling process shows the excellent stability nature of ternary composite photocatalyst. The probable photocatalytic mechanism and the main active radicals for the degradation process were well defined with the help of elemental trapping experiment.
Development of Magnet‐Driven and Image‐Guided Degradable Microrobots for the Precise Delivery of Engineered Stem Cells for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wei Tanyong , Liu Jiang , Li Dongfang , Chen Shuxun , Zhang Yachao , Li Junyang , Fan Lei , Guan Zhangyan , Lo Chung‐Mau , Wang Lidai , Man Kwan , Sun Dong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrecise delivery of therapeutic cells to the desired site in vivo is an emerging and promising cellular therapy in precision medicine. This paper presents the development of a magnet‐driven and image‐guided degradable microrobot that can precisely deliver engineered stem cells for orthotopic liver tumor treatment. The microrobot employs a burr‐like porous sphere structure and is made with a synthesized composite to fulfill degradability, mechanical strength, and magnetic actuation capability simultaneously. The cells can be spontaneously released from the microrobots on the basis of the optimized microrobot structure. The microrobot is actuated by a gradient magnetic field and guided by a unique photoacoustic imaging technology. In preclinical experiments on nude mice, microrobots carrying cells are injected via the portal vein and the released cells from the microrobots can inhibit the tumor growth greatly. This paper reveals for the first time of using degradable microrobots for precise delivery of therapeutic cells in vascular tissue and demonstrates its therapeutic effect in preclinical test.
Exchange Interactions Drive Supramolecular Chiral Induction in Polyaniline
Authors: Mishra Suryakant , Kumar Anup , Venkatesan Munuswamy , Pigani Laura , Pasquali Luca , Fontanesi Claudio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe focus of this paper is on the intermolecular interaction active between polyaniline (PANI) and 10‐camphorsulfonic acid (10CSA). Enantiopure 10CSA, present in the electropolymerization solution, promotes chiral induction in the supramolecular polyaniline polymer (cPANI). Tight integration of experimental data (circular dichroism, CD, near edge X‐ray absorption spectra, NEXAFS, conductive probe atomic force microscopy, CP‐AFM) and theoretical [density functional theory, (DFT)] results allows to unfold the nature of the electronic interaction between PANI and 10CSA and to shed light on the physical interactions inducing the chiral character to bulk pristine non‐chiral PANI: eventually yielding cPANI. The electropolymerization follows a “wet chemistry” method: electrochemical polymerization of aniline in the co‐presence in bulk solution of enantiopure 10‐camphorsulfonic acid (10CSA). The latter is exploited as chirality inductor. The method of integration between experimental results with ab‐initio theoretical calculations, strongly suggests that the chiral induction exerted by the CSA stems from exchange interaction between CSA and PANI.
Is pelvic floor muscle contractility an important factor in anal incontinence?
Authors: Mengistu Z. , Gillor M. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivePelvic floor muscle contractility (PFMC) may contribute to anal continence. The aim of this study was to assess the association between clinical and sonographic measures of PFMC and anal incontinence (AI) symptoms, after controlling for anal sphincter and levator ani muscle (LAM) trauma.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 1383 women assessed at a tertiary center between 2013 and 2016. All patients underwent an interview, including the St Mark's incontinence score (SMIS) in those who reported AI symptoms, a clinical examination, including assessment of PFMC using the modified Oxford scale (MOS), and four‐dimensional translabial ultrasound (TLUS). Sonographic measures of PFMC, i.e. cranioventral shift of the bladder neck (BN) and reduction of anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the levator hiatus, were measured offline using ultrasound volumes obtained at rest and on maximum pelvic floor contraction. The reviewer was blinded to all clinical data.ResultsOf the 1383 patients assessed during the study period, seven were excluded due to missing imaging data, leaving 1376 for analysis. Mean age of the participating women was 55 years and mean body mass index was 29 kg/m2. AI was reported by 221 (16.1%) women, with a mean SMIS of 11.8. Mean MOS grade was 2.3. On TLUS, mean BN cranioventral shift was 5.9 mm and mean AP diameter reduction was 8.1 mm. LAM avulsion and significant external anal sphincter (EAS) defect were diagnosed in 24.8% and 8.7% patients, respectively. On univariate analysis, sonographic measures of PFMC were not associated with AI. Lower MOS grade was associated with symptoms of AI; however, statistical significance was lost on multivariate analysis.ConclusionClinical and sonographic measures of PFMC were not significantly associated with AI symptoms after controlling for EAS and LAM trauma. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Translational control in aging and neurodegeneration
Authors: Skariah Geena , Todd Peter K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProtein metabolism plays central roles in age‐related decline and neurodegeneration. While a large body of research has explored age‐related changes in protein degradation, alterations in the efficiency and fidelity of protein synthesis with aging are less well understood. Age‐associated changes occur in both the protein synthetic machinery (ribosomal proteins and rRNA) and within regulatory factors controlling translation. At the same time, many of the interventions that prolong lifespan do so in part by pre‐emptively decreasing protein synthesis rates to allow better harmonization to age‐related declines in protein catabolism. Here we review the roles of translation regulation in aging, with a specific focus on factors implicated in age‐related neurodegeneration. We discuss how emerging technologies such as ribosome profiling and superior mass spectrometric approaches are illuminating age‐dependent mRNA‐specific changes in translation rates across tissues to reveal a critical interplay between catabolic and anabolic pathways that likely contribute to functional decline. These new findings point to nodes in posttranscriptional gene regulation that both contribute to aging and offer targets for therapy.This article is categorized under:
Translation > Translation Regulation
Translation > Ribosome Biogenesis
Translation > Translation Mechanisms
The Classification of Melancholia in Mid-Nineteenth-Century British Medicine
Authors: Jansson Åsa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter traces melancholia from the early nineteenth century, when its nosological status as an independent disease category was contested, up until the 1860s. At this time, the view that insanity could be chiefly of the emotional kind, that is, largely without delusion of thought, was rapidly gaining ground among European medical writers. This shift from more traditional views of madness was crucial as it provided the epistemological foundation and conceptual framework necessary for disordered mood to become a possible and plausible medical concept. The chapter charts the nosological trajectory of melancholia through the work mid-century British physicians, who began to appropriate physiological language to speak about disordered mood and melancholia, increasingly abandoning older models.
The soft $$ \mathcal{S} $$-matrix in gravity
Authors: Himwich E. , Narayanan S.A. , Pate M. , Paul N. , Strominger A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The gravitational $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
-matrix defined with an infrared (IR) cutoff factorizes into hard and soft factors. The soft factor is universal and contains all the IR and collinear divergences. Here we show, in a momentum space basis, that the intricate expression for the soft factor is fully reproduced by two boundary currents, which live on the celestial sphere. The first of these is the supertranslation current, which generates spacetime supertranslations. The second is its symplectic partner, the Goldstone current for spontaneously broken supertranslations. The current algebra has an off-diagonal level structure involving the gravitational cusp anomalous dimension and the logarithm of the IR cutoff. It is further shown that the gravitational memory effect is contained as an IR safe observable within the soft $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
-matrix.
Biological activity versus physiological function of proinsulin C-peptide
Authors: Landreh Michael , Jörnvall Hans 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProinsulin C-peptide (C-peptide) has drawn much research attention. Even if the peptide has turned out not to be important in the treatment of diabetes, every phase of C-peptide research has changed our view on insulin and peptide hormone biology. The first phase revealed that peptide hormones can be subject to processing, and that their pro-forms may involve regulatory stages. The second phase revealed the possibility that one prohormone could harbor more than one activity, and that the additional activities should be taken into account in the development of hormone-based therapies. In the third phase, a combined view of the evolutionary patterns in hormone biology allowed an assessment of C-peptide´s role in physiology, and of how biological activities and physiological functions are shaped by evolutionary processes. In addition to this distinction, C-peptide research has produced further advances. For example, C-peptide fragments are successfully administered in immunotherapy of type I diabetes, and plasma C-peptide levels remain a standard for measurement of beta cell activity in patients. Even if the concept of C-peptide as a hormone is presently not supported, some of its bioactivities continue to influence our understanding of evolutionary changes of also other peptides.
Effective balance equations for electrostrictive composites
Authors: Di Stefano Salvatore , Miller Laura , Grillo Alfio , Penta Raimondo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work concerns the study of the effective balance equations governing linear elasticelectrostrictive composites, where mechanical strains can be observed due to the application of a given electric field in the so-calledsmall strain and moderate electric field regime. The formulation is developed in the framework of theactive elastic composites. The latter are defined as composite materials constitutively described by an additive decomposition of the stress tensor into a purely linear elastic contribution and another component, which is assumed to be given and quadratic in the applied electric field when further specialised to electrostrictive composites. We derive the new mathematical model by describing the effective mechanical behaviour of the whole material by means of theasymptotic(periodic)homogenisationtechnique. We assume that there exists a sharp separation between themicro-scale, where the distance among different sub-phases (i.e. inclusions and/or fibres and/or strata) is resolved, and themacro-scale, which is related to the average size of the whole system at hand. This way, we formally decompose spatial variations by assuming that every physical field and material property are depending on both the macro-scale and the micro-scale. The effective governing equations encode the role of the micro-structure, and the effective contributions to the global stress tensor are to be computed by solving appropriate linear-elastic-type cell problems on the periodic cell. We also provide analytic formulae for the electrostrictive tensor when the applied electric field is either microscopically uniform or given by a suitable multiplicative decomposition between purely microscopically and macroscopically varying components. The obtained results are consistently compared with previous works in the field, and can pave the way towards improvement of smart active materials currently utilised for engineering (possibly bio-inspired) purposes.
Kindeswohlgefährdung – Ausweitung des Hellfeldes durch Neukonzeption der klinischen Kinderschutzarbeit
Authors: Schmidt Claudia Maria , Klein Saskia , Stock Philippe , Reinshagen Konrad , Königs Ingo 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Erkennen von Kindesmisshandlungen und der Umgang damit sind Herausforderungen im ärztlichen Alltag. Die Dunkelziffer bei Misshandlungen und Vernachlässigungen ist hoch.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel der Arbeit war, die Effektivität des neu strukturierten Kinderschutzprogrammes einer großen deutschen Kinderklinik zu untersuchen und durch die Präsentation der Vorteile der neuen Struktur die Verbesserung von Programmen für Kinder und Mediziner in anderen Kliniken anzuregen.

Methode
Es wurden retrospektiv alle Kinderschutzfälle im Altonaer Kinderkrankenhaus vor und nach Neukonzeption der Kinderschutzarbeit über einen Zeitraum von jeweils 2 Jahren untersucht und miteinander verglichen. Die Kinderschutzgruppe war neu strukturiert worden und wurde nachfolgend von einer hauptamtlichen Kinderschutzkoordinatorin geleitet.

Ergebnis
Die Prävalenz der Verdachtsfälle und der erhärteten Fälle von Kindeswohlgefährdung ist im Untersuchungszeitraum nach Neukonzeption hoch signifikant erhöht. Im Zeitraum vor der Neukonzeption wurden 24 Fälle mit dem Verdacht auf Kindswohlgefährdung untersucht, 23 erhärtet, danach 124 Fälle untersucht, 89 erhärtet. Eine Stigmatisierung der Familien bei der Abklärung wurde trotz des signifikanten Anstiegs falsch-positiver Verdachtsfälle durch sensibles Vorgehen und eine Konfrontation erst bei Erhärtung des Verdachtes vermieden.

Schlussfolgerung
Das vorgestellte Konzept zum medizinischen Kinderschutz in Kinderkliniken scheint das Hellfeld bei Kindeswohlgefährdung effektiv auszuweiten. Sowohl die Reduktion nichtdetektierter Fälle mit der Verhinderung potenzieller Eskalation mit prolongiertem Leidensweg als auch die Verminderung der immensen gesellschaftlichen Folgekosten rechtfertigen die personellen Investitionen.
Does cystoscopy method affect the investigation of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis?
Authors: Tailor Visha K. , Morris Ellen , Bhide Alka A. , Fernando Ruwan , Digesu Guiseppe A. , Khullar Vik 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Cystoscopic investigation to identify associated histological findings of increased mast cells in the detrusor muscle has been recommended by the European Society for the Study of Bladder Pain Syndrome (ESSIC) in the investigation of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC). The aim of this study was to identify if the cystoscopy approach impacts the biopsy results when investigating women presenting with symptoms of BPS/IC.

Methods
We performed a single-centre retrospective analysis of 300 bladder biopsy reports from 2015 to 2018 from women undergoing cystoscopy for BPS/IC. Biopsies obtained using closed cup forceps through a flexible (FC) or rigid cystoscope (RC) were compared.

Results
Fifty-eight FC biopsies were compared with 242 RC biopsies. FC biopsies had a smaller mean diameter (1.6 mm vs 2.9 mm p < 0.01) and volume (4.1 mm3 vs 9.6 mm3p < 0.001) compared with RC biopsies. There was no significant difference in the histological depth of sampling to the muscularis propria. A total of 292 samples had CD117 immunohistochemical staining for mast cell count (MCC) analysis. The MCC/mm2 was significantly lower in FC biopsies (p < 0.01). Sixteen percent of FC samples compared with 60% of RC samples had a high MCC >28/mm2 (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in positive microbiology culture between FC (21%) and RC (28%) sampling.

Conclusion
Rigid and flexible cystoscopy can be used to investigate BPS/IC as recommended by international societies. However, the biopsy method impacts the mast cell count analysis, which can influence diagnosis and management. Therefore, RC would be the optimal investigation.
Endo-parameters for p-adic classical groups
Authors: Kurinczuk Robert , Skodlerack Daniel , Stevens Shaun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor a classical group over a non-archimedean local field of odd residual characteristicp, we prove that two cuspidal types, defined over an algebraically closed field$${\mathbf {C}}$$Cof characteristic different fromp, intertwine if and only if they are conjugate. This completes work of the first and third authors who showed that every irreducible cuspidal$${\mathbf {C}}$$C-representation of a classical group is compactly induced from a cuspidal type. We generalize Bushnell and Henniart’s notion of endo-equivalence to semisimple characters of general linear groups and to self-dual semisimple characters of classical groups, and introduce (self-dual) endo-parameters. We prove that these parametrize intertwining classes of (self-dual) semisimple characters and conjecture that they are in bijection with wild Langlands parameters, compatibly with the local Langlands correspondence.
The impact of acetylsalicylic acid dosed at bedtime on circadian rhythms of blood pressure in the high-risk group of cardiovascular patients—a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Krasińska Beata , Paluszkiewicz Lech , Miciak-Ławicka Ewa , Krasinski Maciej , Rzymski Piotr , Tykarski Andrzej , Krasiński Zbigniew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Time of drug administration may significantly influence its effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ASA (administrated in the morning or in the evening) on the anti-hypertensive effect and diurnal blood pressure profile in the high-risk group of cardiovascular patients.

Methods
All patients (n = 114) had been diagnosed with coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension prior to the enrolment and had been treated with 75 mg per day of ASA in the morning. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two study groups receiving 75 mg of ASA per day in a single antiplatelet therapy for 3 months in the morning (n = 58) or in the evening (n = 56). The control group (n = 61) consisted of patients with arterial hypertension but without coronary heart disease, not receiving ASA. In all the patients, during each visit, clinical blood pressure (BP) and ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM) were performed.

Results
There was a significant reduction in 24-h BP and blood pressure at night in the ASA group evening group compared with the ASA morning group and the control group.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated that compared with the use of ASA in the morning, its administration in the evening may lead to favourable drop in the ABPM and an improvement of the diurnal profile in the high-risk group of cardiovascular patients who are not naïve to ASA.