bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese Nurses' Preferences for and Attitudes About e-Learning in Continuing Education: A Correlational Study
Authors: Xing Weijie , Ao Linjun , Xiao Huiting , Liang Liang 
Published: January 2020

Background:
This study aimed to examine nurses' preferences for and attitudes toward e-learning, identify factors that motivated or discouraged their e-learning participation, and also find the relationship between the nurse's attitude and their characteristics.

Method:
A total of 534 RNs from eight hospitals in Shanghai were recruited. Data were collected using a questionnaire that consisted of e-learning experiences, barriers, motivating factors, learning preferences, and attitudes toward e-learning.

Results:
Flexibility was the most important motivating factor and lack of time was the most common barrier to their participating in e-learning. Participants who had no e-learning experiences reported more barriers about lack of familiarity with e-learning and e-learning platforms. Nearly half of the participants exhibited positive attitudes toward e-learning. Regression analysis identified that nurses who were married, used computers frequently, and worked in rural hospitals were associated with more positive attitudes toward e-learning.

Conclusion:

Nurse educators and managers could provide more opportunities for nurses to increase their familiarity with online education technology and develop more high-quality online courses to meet nurses' learning needs.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(2):87–96.]
Uma abordagem sociolinguística da concordância nominal de número no falar dos moradores do município de Fonte Boa (Amazonas)
Authors: Martins Flávia Santos , Coelho Izete Lehmkuhl 
Published: January 2020

Este artigo, à luz da Sociolinguística Variacionista, propõe-se a refletir sobre a variação na concordância nominal de número na fala de dez moradores da cidade de Fonte Boa, um dos nove municípios pertencentes à microrregião do Alto Solimões (AM), a partir de resultados de Martins (2013). Para este estudo foram descritos e analisados 1.356 dados, submetidos ao programa estatístico Goldvarb2001. Desses dados, 754 foram da variante “presença de marcas de plural” (55% dos dados) e 602 foram da variante “ausência de marcas de plural” (45% dos dados). Apesar desse baixo índice de concordância nominal, os resultados mostram que a marcação na concordância é favorecida em Fonte Boa pelas mesmas restrições linguísticas de outras regiões brasileiras. Quanto às variáveis sociais, ‘escolaridade’ segue o padrão de comportamento geral, e ‘sexo’ revela o homem como favorecedor de marcação, um comportamento particularizado (semelhante ao de zonas menos urbanas), de uma localidade em que os papeis de mulheres e homens ainda são conservadores, sendo a mulher menos sensível à variável ‘mercado de trabalho’.
Over Rousseau, goede burgers en de participatiesamenleving
Authors: Kleistra Yvonne 
Published: January 2020

On Rousseau, good citizens and the participatory society
In the Netherlands good citizenship has become a topic of increased importance on the government agenda since the murder of Pim Fortuyn. The author assesses the effectiveness of the Dutch citizenship policies within the context of the broader policy framework of the so-called participatory society (participatiesamenleving) or do-democracy (doe-democratie). The evaluative analysis consists of two parts. In the first part the changing ideas concerning good citizenship are identified as well as the normative assumptions that are at the basis of Dutch citizenship policies. In the second part, the potential of current policies, and in particular the ideas that gave rise to creating a new social contract between government and society are assessed. To this end some key aspects of the new contract thinking of the Dutch government are contrasted with the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The findings show that the current strive for tangible agreements on citizen behavior and civic duties is at odds with the main principles of classic contract theory. This leads to the conclusion that the new contractualism that is at the basis of the Dutch citizen policies should rather be seen as a threat to a stable society than as a building block for good citizenship.
Voorbij het ongemak over religie
Authors: Röselaers Joost 
Published: January 2020

Beyond the discomfort in relation to religion – Social-liberalism and religion
The Dutch social-liberal party D66 was founded in 1966, in the aftermath of the pillarisation (on religious grounds) of Dutch society. The founders of D66 wanted to ‘blow up’ the pillarised political system. They strongly took distance from religions that were in their views oppressing. A certain anti-religion attitude was a part of the DNA of the party. For decades it was ‘bon ton’ to criticise religion. A turning point has recently been observed by the writer. There is still a discomfort in relation to religion, but this discomfort is more related to not-knowing than being against. The writer pleads for going beyond the discomfort. Religion – in the broad sense of the word – has a lot to offer to society. We indeed can’t live without binding stories, places that are loaded with meaning and festivities that reminds ourselves of who we are and who we would want to be. Finally the modernity and religion can strengthen each other: where modernity is skilled in criticising religion, the Christian religion can make a contribution by criticising modernity.
Lachiri/België: het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens blijft worstelen met de hoofddoek
Authors: Berger Maurits S. 
Published: January 2020

Lachiri/Belgium: the European Court for Human Rights’ continuous struggle with the headscarf
In the ruling on Lachiri/Belgium, commentators discern a new development in the ECHR’s jurisprudence on the relationship between the headscarf and freedom of religion. According to the author, that is not the case: in fact, he observes a continued bias of the Court towards the headscarf.
O que pensam professores sobre avaliação: o núcleo central das representações sociais acerca de avaliação entre docentes do Colégio Pedro II
Authors: Mota Diego , Aguiar Juliana Maciel de 
Published: January 2020

Neste texto aborda-se as concepções de avaliação entre professores do Colégio Pedro II no Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa teve como foco um elemento central nas práticas pedagógicas, tendo sido a análise feita com base na teoria das representações sociais. Nesse sentido, os resultados da investigação revelam um conjunto representacional de avaliação cujo caráter é somativo, classificatório e centrado em provas. Os vieses diagnósticos da avaliação são destacados por um grupo minoritário de professores e o núcleo central das representações sociais dos docentes acerca de avaliação se aproxima dos limites presentes na cultura escolar tradicional e na estrutura institucional, os quais privilegiam o peso das provas nos processos de aprendizagem e progressão dos estudantes.Palavras-chave: avaliação da aprendizagem; prática docente; representações sociais.
Repenser l’accompagnement des stagiaires en travail social en situation de handicap
Authors: Bergeron-Leclerc Christiane , Simard Ève 
Published: January 2020

Au sein des universités québécoises, les étudiants faisant partie de la population dite « émergente » sont maintenant plus nombreux que leurs homologues ayant des incapacités physiques à poursuivre des études universitaires. À l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi c’est au sein de l’Unité d’enseignement en travail social que se retrouve la plus grande proportion d’ÉSHÉ. Les défis variés auxquels se heurtent ces étudiants ayant des troubles mentaux ou neurodéveloppementaux lors de leur formation théorique ont tendance à s’accentuer lors des stages, conduisant à des situations d’abandon, de prolongation ou d’échecs. L’objectif de cet article est de décrire la structure d’accompagnement mise en place afin de soutenir ces étudiants en travail social.
« Bruits de langues » et articulations : la poésie de Bernard Noël à contre-sensure
Authors: Bourassa Lucie 
Published: January 2020

« Il n’y a pas de langue pour dire cela » (« L’outrage aux mots », dans L’outrage aux mots. Oeuvres II), écrit Bernard Noël à propos des atrocités qui se succèdent sans cesse depuis son enfance : répressions, terreurs, dictatures ; guerres, déportations, génocides. Cris d’une femme violée, hurlements de torturés, râles d’une vieille qu’on matraque : il est des horreurs qui mettent en échec la parole et nous ramènent à l’inarticulé – grognements, bruits, silences. Cependant, quand Noël parle du manque de langue, il ne renvoie pas seulement à l’indicible, il désigne aussi un problème inhérent aux rapports entre pouvoir, société et langage : « Il n’y a pas de langue parce que nous vivons dans un monde bourgeois, où le vocabulaire de l’indignation est exclusivement moral – or, c’est cette morale-là qui massacre et qui fait la guerre. Comment retourner sa langue contre elle-même quand on se retrouve censuré par sa propre langue ? » Réaliser ce retournement est un objectif fondamental pour l’écrivain, qui souhaite résister aux effets du pouvoir sur la langue, effets qu’il appelle « sensure ». Cet article traite cette question en l’abordant sous l’angle de l’articulation, lié à une critique du signe et du réalisme. Après avoir fait un retour sur la réflexion que Noël consacre à la sensure et à l’articulation, j’essaierai de voir comment sa poésie, en particulier Bruits de langue, tente de résister au dévoiement du langage en décrassant, revivifiant et réinventant diverses articulations langagières, de la phonétique à la syntaxe, en passant par le mot, le vers, la strophe, etc.
Within-person coupling of estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol in women athletes
Authors: Edwards David A. , Turan Bulent 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
In variety of settings cortisol and testosterone are positively “coupled.” That is, within-person fluctuations of cortisol and testosterone levels occur in parallel—increases and decreases in one hormone are associated with corresponding increases and decreases in the other. The present report explored hormone coupling in women athletes in two studies selected because they included measurements of salivary levels of cortisol, testosterone, and estradiol—a hormone that has been only infrequently studied in the context of competitive athletics.

Methods
Consenting members of Emory University’s varsity volleyball and soccer teams gave saliva samples on multiple occasions in the run-up to and over the course of two different intercollegiate contests.

Results
Volleyball and soccer players showed remarkably similar hormone-specific patterns of increase in relationship to the different stages of competition—before warm-up, after warm-up, and after competition. For both the volleyball and soccer team, Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) analyses showed estradiol as being significantly coupled with testosterone which was also coupled with cortisol.

Conclusions
This is, apparently, the first report of significant within-person coupling between estradiol and testosterone in the context of competitive athletic stress. These two hormones may be coupled in a wide variety of circumstances not limited to ones involving sport competition, and results reported here should encourage exploration of the extent to which coordinated fluctuations in estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol levels are present in other, more neutral settings and the ways in which the coordination of these fluctuating hormone levels may benefit human performance.
In vivo Toxicity Assessment after the Detoxification of Aflatoxin Compounds – Contaminated Wheat and Corn by Ozone Gas
Authors: T. El-Sisy T. , A. Salem Asmaa , S. Nail Nivin , B. Ali Jehan 
Published: January 2020

Aflatoxins (AFs) are dangerous mycotoxins, which include a great number of lipophilic molecules produced by aerobic microscopic fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus causes health hazard including death to human and livestock. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ozone gas treatment on the fungal growth and detoxification of AFs - contaminated wheat and corn grains. Ozone concentration treatments 40 mg / Kg wheat for 1 hour and 80 mg / Kg corn for 2 hours of exposure time respectively were applied to contaminated samples of wheat and corn grains. It was observed that completely inhibition of Aspergillus growth and consequently the total aflatoxin content was decreased. In vivo, the biosafety assessment for 72 male albino rats fed on diet containing 70% wt. of ozone treated AFs – contaminated grains were evaluated comparing to control groups. Results indicated that rats fed on AFs contaminated grains have significantly increased the serum enzymes activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as the serum levels of creatinine, urea, glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). Also, it was observed that a significant decrease in the level of serum total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), reduced glutathione (GSH) and testosterone hormone comparing to control groups. However, the oral administration of ozonized groups ameliorated the biochemical parameters compared to rats fed on contaminated grains. Moreover, histopathological studies of liver, kidney and testis tissues of rats fed on contaminated grains that revealed different lesions and changes in tissues, inversely to that improving effects in tissues of ozonized contaminated grains – fed rats. It was concluded that ozonization treatment were most effective in reduction of mold count and degradation of aflatoxins content for grains during storage.
Response of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma mafafa) Growth, Yield Parameters and Soil Physical Properties of Ultisol at Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Chidinma S Iroegbu, , Damian O Asawalam, , A. Dada O. , E. Orji J. 
Published: January 2020

Aim: To determine the effect of different rates of sawdust (SD) and poultry manure (PM) applied on some soil physical properties of acid sandy Ultisol, and some growth parameters and yield of cocoyam.
Study Design: 2 x 5 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design replicated three times.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in Eastern farm of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike during 2014 and 2015 planting seasons.
Methodology: The treatments comprised of two manure sources at five levels each: sawdust (0, 2, 10, 15 and 20t/ha) and poultry manure (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8t/ha). The treatments were assigned randomly to the plots and incorporated into the soil two weeks before planting. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, corms, cormels and total yield. Soil samples were collected with core samplers for physical properties such as Soil Bulk density and Total Porosity. All the data collected were subjected to ANOVA for factorial experiment in RCBD at 5% probability level.
Results: The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) improved soil bulk density and total porosity with the lowest value obtained with 0t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) increased the leaf area with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. Also, only the increasing rates of treatment applied significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area and cocoyam yield with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Also, the various rates of treatment application significantly (p<0.05) increased the cocoyam yield (weight of corms and cormels) with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM.
Conclusion: Improvement in growth and yield of cocoyam resulted from the improved nutrient status of the soil as a result of the amendments applied.
Knowledge, Attitude and Reporting Practices on Adverse Events Following Immunization among Routine Immunization Service Providers in Health Facilities of Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: M. Sani U. , O. Oche M. , O. Raji M. , M. Ango U. , M. Jiya N. 
Published: January 2020

Background/Introduction: Health workers at primary health care facilities (PHCs) are primarily involved with routine immunization activities including detection, reporting and management of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI). To undertake such responsibilities effectively, they need to have good knowledge on AEFI and its management.
Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and reporting practices of Routine Immunization Service Providers in health facilities of Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, a total of 285 routine immunization service providers were recruited from all the PHCs in one selected local government from each of the three health zones of the State. A semi-structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect relevant information from eligible participants. Data were entered into SPSS version 20.0 and analyzed.
Results: Of the 285 distributed questionnaires, 258 (90.5%) were duly completed and returned. The M: F ratio was 1.4:1, with mean age of 34.24 + 8.06 years. Up to 164 (63.6%) respondents had good knowledge (score >50%), while 37(14.3%) and 57(22.1%) respondents had fair (score 41-49%) and poor (score <40%) knowledge respectively. Reporting practices were appropriate in 224 (86.8%) respondents. The most common method for reporting was by manual filing of AEFI forms. Some respondents would however not report an AEFI to avoid being blamed, feeling guilty or creating unnecessary anxiety to the patient.
Conclusion: Though many respondents had good knowledge and reporting practices on AEFI, knowledge gap still exists; highlighting the need for continuous on-the-job training and retraining of these personnel.
Retracted: Demethylation of miR‐195 suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion
Authors: Ma Xiaokun , Zou Liyuan , Chen Zhanhong , Li Xing , Wei Li , Wu Xiangyuan 
Published: January 2020

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer among men and the second leading cause of tumor‐associated deaths worldwide, with increasing incidence rates over the last 10 years. Recently, miR‐195 was reported to be hypermethylated at its promoter CpG island and down‐regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the function of miR‐195 and the underlying mechanisms in PCa remain unknown. Here, we report that a significant down‐regulation of microRNA‐195 (miR‐195) in PCa tissues and cell lines was associated with promoter methylation status. Overexpression of miR‐195 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (increased E‐cadherin and decreased N‐cadherin) in PCa cells. We further demonstrated that transfection with a miR‐195 inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5‐azacytidine on the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of PCa cells. In summary, our findings suggest that miR‐195 may function as a crucial tumor suppressor in PCa.
Uniform, Assembled 4 nm Mn3O4 Nanoparticles as Efficient Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts at Neutral pH
Authors: Cho Kang Hee , Seo Hongmin , Park Sunghak , Lee Yoon Ho , Lee Moo Young , Cho Nam Heon , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is one of the ways to produce environmentally‐friendly hydrogen energy. Transition‐metal (TM)‐based catalysts have been attracting attention due to their low cost and abundance, but their insufficient activity still remains a challenge. Here, 4 nm Mn3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) are successfully synthesized and their electrochemical behavior is investigated. Using electrokinetic analyses, an identical water oxidizing mechanism is demonstrated between the 4 and 8 nm Mn3O4 NPs. In addition, it is confirmed that the overall increase in the active surface area is strongly correlated with the superb catalytic activity of the 4 nm Mn3O4 NPs. To further enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, Ni foam substrate is introduced to maximize the entire number of the NPs participating in OER. The 4 nm Mn3O4/Ni foam electrode exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic activity for OER with overpotential of 395 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 under neutral conditions (0.5 m PBS, pH 7).
Cortical Transplantation of Brain‐Mimetic Glycosaminoglycan Scaffolds and Neural Progenitor Cells Promotes Vascular Regeneration and Functional Recovery after Ischemic Stroke in Mice
Authors: McCrary Myles R. , Jesson Kaleena , Wei Zheng Z. , Logun Meghan , Lenear Christopher , Tan Stephen , Gu Xiaohuan , Jiang Michael Q. , Karumbaiah Lohitash , Yu Shan Ping , Wei Ling 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStroke causes significant mortality and morbidity. Currently, there are no treatments which can regenerate brain tissue lost to infarction. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are at the forefront of preclinical studies for regenerative stroke therapies. NPCs can differentiate into and replace neurons and promote endogenous recovery mechanisms such as angiogenesis via trophic factor production and release. The stroke core is hypothetically the ideal location for replacement of neural tissue since it is in situ and develops into a potential space where injections may be targeted with minimal compression of healthy peri‐infarct tissue. However, the compromised perfusion and tissue degradation following ischemia create an inhospitable environment resistant to cellular therapy. Overcoming these limitations is critical to advancing cellular therapy. In this work, the therapeutic potential of mouse‐induced pluripotent stem cell derived NPCs is tested encapsulated in a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) binding chondroitin sulfate‐A (CS‐A) hydrogel transplanted into the infarct core in a mouse sensorimotor cortex mini‐stroke model. It is shown that CS‐A encapsulation significantly improves vascular remodeling, cortical blood flow, and sensorimotor behavioral outcomes after stroke. It is found these improvements are negated by blocking bFGF, suggesting that the sustained trophic signaling endowed by the CS‐A hydrogel combined with NPC transplantation can promote tissue repair.
Filling the Gap: A Correlation between Objective and Subjective Measures of Injectability
Authors: Robinson Thomas E. , Hughes Erik A. B. , Bose Aniruddha , Cornish Elizabeth A. , Teo Jun Y. , Eisenstein Neil M. , Grover Liam M. , Cox Sophie C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVarious injectable biomaterials are developed for the minimally invasive delivery of therapeutics. Typically, a mechanical tester is used to ascertain the force required to inject these biomaterials through a given syringe‐needle system. However, currently there is no method to correlate the force measured in the laboratory to the perceived effort required to perform that injection by the end user. In this article, the injection force (F) for a variety of biomaterials, displaying a range of rheological properties, is compared with the effort scores from a 50 person panel study. The maximum injection force measured at crosshead speed 1 mm s−1 is a good proxy for injection effort, with an R2 of 0.89. This correlation leads to the following conclusions: participants can easily inject 5 mL of substance for F < 12 N; considerable effort is required to inject 5 mL for 12 N < F < 38 N; great effort is required and <5 mL can be injected for 38 N < F < 64 N; and materials are entirely non‐injectable for F > 64 N. These values may be used by developers of injectable biomaterials to make decisions about formulations and needle sizes early in the translational process.