bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with requests for premature discharge and the decision to support a service user through the discharge against medical advice process
Authors: Kavanagh Adam , Donnelly Jennifer , Dunne Niall , Maher Tom , Nichol Margaret , Creedon John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the Irish mental healthcare system, voluntarily admitted service users can request to leave hospital at any time. Following engagement with treating clinicians, service users remain as voluntary inpatients, are discharged, discharge themselves against medical advice, or are detained under legislation for the purposes of assessment. While detention conflicts with the principle of autonomy and a human rights‐based approach, premature discharge is often associated with negative outcomes including reduced time to readmission, poorer quality of life, increased costs, and suicide. This study is a retrospective review of clinical records to identify factors associated with requests for premature discharge. Considerations of clinicians making the decision to detain the person or to support them through the discharge against medical advice process were also elucidated. Data were collected from clinical records of service users who requested discharge and were subsequently discharged against medical advice or detained involuntarily. Discharge against medical advice represented 3.5% of all discharges. The most frequent reasons for requests for discharge against medical advice were dissatisfaction with treatment, lack of engagement due to addiction, and leaving without notifying staff. Requests for discharge against medical advice frequently occurred out of hours, and nurses were the clinicians most likely to receive such requests.
The digital patient journey solution for patients undergoing elective hip and knee arthroplasty: Protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jansson Miia , Vuorinen Anna‐Leena , Harjumaa Marja , Similä Heidi , Koivisto Jonna , Puhto Ari‐Pekka , Vesty Gillian , Pikkarainen Minna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo describe a randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocol that will evaluate the effectiveness of a digital patient journey (DPJ) solution in improving the outcomes of patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty.BackgroundThere is an urgent need for novel technologies to ensure sustainability, improve patient experience, and empower patients in their own care by providing information, support, and control.DesignA pragmatic RCT with two parallel arms.MethodsThe participants randomized assigned to the intervention arm (N = 33) will receive access to the DPJ solution. The participants in the control arm (N = 33) will receive conventional care, which is provided face to face by using paper‐based methods. The group allocations will be blinded from the study nurse during the recruitment and baseline measures, as well as from the outcome assessors. Patients with total hip arthroplasty will be followed up for 8–12 weeks, whereas patients with total knee arthroplasty will be followed up for 6–8 weeks. The primary outcome is health‐related quality of life, measured by the EuroQol EQ‐5D‐5L scale. Secondary outcomes include functional recovery, pain, patient experience, and self‐efficacy. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2020.ImpactThis study will provide information on the health effects and cost benefits of using the DPJ solution to support a patient's preparation for surgery and postdischarge surgical care. If the DPJ solution is found to be effective, its implementation into clinical practice could lead to further improvements in patient outcomes. If the DPJ solution is found to be cost effective for the hospital, it could be used to improve hospital resource efficiency.
Specific investment, supplier vulnerability and profit risks
Authors: Chen Zhiqi , Wang Xiaoqiao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate, theoretically and empirically, the impact of relationship‐specific investment on suppliers’ profitability and profit risks. In addition to the familiar holdup problem, we explore another facet of specific investment that has received little attention in the literature, namely suppliers’ vulnerability to customer risks. In a theoretical model, we demonstrate that the supplier vulnerability problem implies a negative relationship between the degree of specificity and the expected profit of a supplier, and a positive relationship between the degree of specificity and volatility of the supplier's profit. Using panel data on over 5,000 US firms from 1990 to 2010, our empirical analysis shows the prevalence of the supplier vulnerability problem.
Poverty effects of public health reforms in Turkey: A focus on out‐of‐pocket payments
Authors: Cinaroglu Songul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesExpanded financial coverage is critical to fight against poverty through public health reforms in developing countries. This study explores inequity in public health financing reforms in Turkey between 2003 and 2015.MethodsThis paper has two parts. The first part examines inequity in health care financing in Turkey between 2003 and 2015. Gini, entropy (Theil and mean logarithmic deviation), and Atkinson indexes were calculated. In the second part of the paper, we investigated the degree of progressivity by using Kakwani index and Lorenz and concentration curves.ResultsWe found a decreasing trend in terms of inequity. After major public health reforms and unification of the health financing system, it is seen that the distribution of out‐of‐pocket expenditure on health stands on the shoulders of vulnerable groups.ConclusionsStudy results provide a deep understanding of the effects of poverty on public health financing reforms on households in Turkey. To reduce out‐of‐pocket health spending inequities and to protect vulnerable groups from increasing the level of health expenditures, we suggest that the government enlarges health insurance coverage for the poor.
Synergistic effects of anisotropy and image force on TEM diffraction contrast of dislocation loops
Authors: WU W. , SCHÄUBLIN R. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBased on column approximation (CA) assumption, many‐beam Schaeublin–Stadelmann diffraction equations are employed for simulating the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) diffraction image contrast of dislocation loops within thin TEM foil of finite thickness, and two beam and many beam diffraction conditions are compared. Moreover, the effects of materials anisotropy and free surface relaxation induced elastic fields distortion of dislocation loops on the black‐white image contrast are specially focused. It is found that anisotropy has a remarkable impact on the TEM image contrast of dislocation loop, and free surface relaxation induced image forces can change the black‐white contrast features when dislocation loops are near TEM foil free surfaces. Thus, in order to make reliable judgment on the nature of defects, effects of free surface and anisotropy should be included when analysing irradiation induced dislocation loops and other type of defects in in‐situ electron, proton, heavy‐ion irradiation experiments under TEM environments.
Enzymatic cross‐linking to improve the handling properties of dough prepared within a normal and reduced NaCl environment
Authors: Konieczny Dellaney , Stone Andrea K. , Hucl Pierre , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis research examines the use of three enzymes [glucose oxidase (GOX), hexose oxidase (HOX), and xylanase (XYL)] and their combinations [GOX–XYL and HOX–XYL] on the dough handling properties of CDC Plentiful and Stettler wheat cultivars prepared at reduced (1.0% wt. by flour) and normal (2.0% wt. by flour) NaCl levels. Properties investigated include dough rheology, stickiness, and ratio of resistance to extension and extensibility. The inclusion of XYL and its combinations with GOX and HOX increased the stickiness, yielded lower dough strength indicated by rheology, and reduced the ratio of resistance to extension and extensibility. The inclusion of oxidative enzymes yielded a stronger dough, where HOX addition to dough had the lowest stickiness values and highest |G*| values, whereas GOX addition led to the highest ratio of resistance to extension—extensibility. NaCl only had minor effects overall on dough strength and stickiness for the cultivars studied. Overall, superior dough handling properties were observed with oxidative enzyme addition (GOX and HOX) suggesting that the increased crosslinking that occurs could aid in improving low sodium bread dough properties.
Effect of supportive therapy on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous marbofloxacin in endotoxemic sheep
Authors: Coskun Devran , Corum Orhan , Yazar Enver 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the influences of supportive therapy (ST) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of marbofloxacin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced endotoxemic sheep. Furthermore, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of marbofloxacin against Escherichia coli, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus was determined. The study was performed using a three‐period cross PK design following a 15‐day washout period. In the first period, marbofloxacin (10 mg/kg) was administered by an intravenous (IV) injection. In the second and third periods, marbofloxacin was co‐administered with ST (lactated ringer + 5% dextrose + 0.45% sodium chloride, IV, 20 ml/kg, dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg, SC) and ST + LPS (E. coli O55:B5, 10 µg/kg), respectively. Plasma marbofloxacin concentration was measured using HPLC‐UV. Following IV administration of marbofloxacin alone, the , AUC0–∞, ClT, and Vdss were 2.87 hr, 34.73 hr × µg/ml, 0.29 L hr−1 kg−1, and 0.87 L/kg, respectively. While no change was found in the MBX + ST group in terms of the PK parameters of marbofloxacin, it was determined that the ClT of marbofloxacin decreased, AUC0–∞ increased, and and MRT prolonged in the MBX + ST + LPS group. MIC values of marbofloxacin were 0.031 to >16 µg/ml for E. coli, 0.016 to >16 µg/ml for M. haemolytica, 0.016–1 µg/ml for P. multocida, 0.016–0.25 µg/ml for K. pneumoniae, 0.031–0.063 µg/ml for Salmonella spp., and 0.031–1 µg/ml for S. aureus. The study results show the necessity to make a dose adjustment of marbofloxacin following concomitant administration of ST in endotoxemic sheep. Also, the PK and pharmacodynamic effect of marbofloxacin needs to be determined in naturally infected septicemic sheep following concomitant administration of single and ST.
Experimental partitioning of trace elements into schreibersite with applications to IIG iron meteorites
Authors: Chabot Nancy L. , Cueva Rachel H. , Beck Andrew W. , Ash Richard D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSome of the defining characteristics of the IIG iron meteorite group are their high bulk P contents and massive, coarse schreibersite, which have been calculated to make up roughly 11–14 wt% of each specimen. In this study, we produced two data sets to investigate the formation of schreibersites in IIG irons: measurements of trace elements in the IIG iron meteorite Twannberg and experimental determinations of trace element partitioning into schreibersite. The schreibersite‐bearing experiments were conducted with schreibersite in equilibrium with a P‐rich melt and with bulk Ni contents ranging from 0 to 40 wt%. The partitioning behavior for the 20 elements measured in this study did not vary with Ni content. Comparison of the Twannberg measurements with the experimental results required a correction factor to account for the fact that the experiments were conducted in a simplified system that did not contain a solid metal phase. Previously determined solid metal/P‐rich melt partition coefficients were applied to infer schreibersite/solid metal partitioning behavior from the experiments, and once this correction was applied, the two data sets showed broad similarities between the schreibersite/solid metal distribution of elements. However, there were also differences noted, in particular between the Ni and P contents of the solid metal relative to the schreibersite inferred from the experiments compared to that measured in the Twannberg sample. These differences support previous interpretations that subsolidus schreibersite evolution has strongly influenced the Ni and P content now present in the solid metal phase of IIG irons. Quantitative attempts to match the IIG solid metal composition to that of late‐stage IIAB irons through subsolidus schreibersite growth were not successful, but qualitatively, this study corroborates the striking similarities between the IIAB and IIG groups, which are highly suggestive of a possible genetic link between the groups as has been previously proposed.
Elderberry (Sambucus spp.) interspecific hybridization and its impact on fruit oxalates
Authors: Imenšek Nataša , Kristl Janja , Sem Vilma , Ivančič Anton 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElderberry fruits are a good source of minerals and antioxidants; however, the presence of anti‐nutrients like oxalates may limit their utilization. The presented study which involves chemical evaluation of numerous interspecific hybrids is based on a hypothesis that interspecific genetic recombination may significantly improve the production and the nutritional quality of elderberry fruits. The aim of the first part of this study was to determine the oxalates (total, water‐soluble and insoluble) in fruits of 73 elderberry genotypes. In the second part, the dynamics of oxalate contents during fruit maturation was analysed. The average content of total oxalates in analysed genotypes was 721 ± 33 mg/100 g DW. The majority (91%, on average) were health harmless insoluble oxalates. The average content of total oxalates was increasing at the beginning of maturation and then it began to decrease significantly and reached its minimum value at full maturity, while the average of water‐soluble oxalates was gradually decreasing throughout maturation. Due to relatively high oxalate contents, some of the analysed hybrids should not be used for further breeding process.
Aquaculture of green sea urchin in the Barents Sea: a brief review of Russian studies
Authors: Dvoretsky Alexander G. , Dvoretsky Vladimir G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGonads of the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) containing valuable carotenoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids and sulphated fucans are in great demand from the expanding market. In Russian waters of the Barents Sea, only a few sites are suitable for commercial harvesting and thus the development of green sea urchin farming in this region. Our review presents a short survey of Russian literature on biological aspects and rearing methods of green sea urchins in the Barents Sea. In the 1980s, spawning induction and larval culture experiments were undertaken to obtain larvae of S. droebachiensis. Later studies were undertaken to test optimal rations and conditions for gonad enhancement of adult sea urchins in sea cages and closed systems. Gonadal growth was higher and faster in sea urchins reared under controlled conditions in closed water circulation tanks compared with sea cages. Regular feeding of cultured animals provided them better gonadal growth than in wild sea urchins irrespective of food items. Algal diets showed a lower level of gonad yield compared with mixed diets (algae + squid, algae + fish), fish diets and prepared diets (artificial feed based on fish skin). The coast of the Kola Peninsula has a good potential for the development of the green sea urchin farming but several financial, socio‐economic, logistic and management problems must be solved before this process starts.
The Architecture of Rural Life: The Dangers of Dense Collective Efficacy for At‐Risk Girls
Authors: Terry April N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDense ties and acquaintanceship result in small communities that deal with issues on an individual, informal basis. When issues such as sexual assault arise, if a victim is willing to seek services, studies have found that rurality negatively impedes on this process. The current study takes place in a primarily rural state, representing social control mechanisms somewhat different from cityscapes. The project relies heavily on in‐depth interviews from incarcerated girls and women, as well as contributions from community actors, to assess collective efficacy in rural communities, influence of gender dynamics, and the impact on at‐risk girls. Tracing participants' community roots, the study gathers structural and cultural characteristics of the locale, assessing social control practices as reported by local professionals. Results challenge literature proclaiming solely positive results from high levels of collective efficacy, finding that strong collective efficacy in nonurban areas gathers close insider ties, but “outsiders,” which includes girls identified in this research, are defined quickly and negatively, placing them in significant peril. Policy recommendations include broader cultural shifts coupled with local involvement with school personnel and church‐involved patrons serving the needs of families and at‐risk girls.
Stepping in circles: how locomotor signals of rotation adapt over time
Authors: St George Rebecca J. , Day Brian L. , Butler Annie A. , Fitzpatrick Richard C. 
Published: March 2020

Key points
While it has been well described that prolonged rotational stepping will adapt the podokinetic sense of rotation, the mechanisms involved are not clearly understood.
By studying podokinetic after‐rotations following conditioning rotations not previously reported we have shown that slower rotational velocities are more readily adapted than faster velocities and adaptation occurs more quickly than previously thought.
We propose a dynamic feedback model of vestibular and podokinetic adaptation that can fit rotation trajectories across multiple conditions and data sets.
Two adaptation processes were identified that may reflect central and peripheral processes and the discussion unifies prior findings in the podokinetic literature under this new framework.
The findings show the technique is feasible for people with locomotor turning problems.

AbstractAfter a prolonged period stepping in circles, people walk with a curved trajectory when attempting to walk in a straight line without vision. Podokinetic adaptation shows promise in clinical populations to improve locomotor turning; however, the adaptive mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The first phase of this study asks: how does the podokinetic conditioning velocity affect the response velocity and how quickly can adaptation occur? The second phase of the study asks: can a mathematical feedback model account for the rotation trajectories across different conditioning parameters and different datasets? Twelve healthy participants stepped in place on the axis of a rotating surface ranging from 4 to 20 deg s−1 for durations of 1–10 min, while using visual cues to maintain a constant heading direction. Afterward on solid ground, participants were blindfolded and attempted to step without rotating. Participants unknowingly stepped in circles opposite to the direction of the prior platform rotation for all conditions. The angular velocity of this response peaked within 1 min and the ratio of the stimulus‐to‐response peak velocity fitted a decreasing power function. The response then decayed exponentially. The feedback model of podokinetic and vestibular adaptive processes had a good fit with the data and suggested that podokinetic adaptation is explained by a short (141 s) and a long (27 min) time constant. The podokinetic system adapts more quickly than previously thought and subjects adapt more readily to slower rotation than to faster rotation. These findings will have implications for clinical applications of the technique.
Visual field progression 8 years after trabeculectomy in Asian eyes: results from The Singapore 5-Fluorouracil Study
Authors: Ang Bryan C H , Seen Sophia , Kumaran Arjunan , De Leon John Mark Sim , Seah Steve Kah Leng , Foster Paul J , Gazzard Gus , Htoon Hla M , Khaw Peng Tee , Aung Tin , Husain Rahat 
Published: March 2020

Background/AimsThis work aimed to study the effect of long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation on visual field (VF) progression 8 years post-trabeculectomy in Asian eyes.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 8-year post-trabeculectomy data from The Singapore 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) Study. VFs were analysed using Progressor software (Medisoft, Leeds, UK). Outcome measures included mean slope for VF per year, number of progressing points and mean slope for progressing points per year. Multivariate regression analyses were performed adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, glaucoma type, intraoperative 5-FU, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, best pre-trabeculectomy VF mean deviation, post-trabeculectomy mean IOP, IOP reduction and IOP fluctuation (SD of IOPs at 6-monthly timepoints).Results127 (52.3%) subjects completed 8-year follow-up with ≥5 reliable VFs and ≥8 6-monthly IOP measurements. Mean age was 61.8±9.6 years. Post-operatively, mean IOP was 14.2±2.8 mm Hg and mean IOP fluctuation was 2.53±1.20 mm Hg. Higher IOP fluctuation was associated with greater mean slope for field (B=−0.071; p=0.013), number of progressing points (B=0.963; p=0.014) and VF progression as defined by ≥1 progressing point (OR=1.585; p=0.029). There was also a trend towards eyes with higher IOP fluctuation having ≥3 adjacent progressing points in the same hemifield (OR=1.489; p=0.055). Greater mean IOP reduction post-trabeculectomy was associated only with a lower mean slope for progressing points per year (B=−0.026; p=0.028). There was no significant effect of intra-operative 5-FU compared with placebo for all outcome measures.ConclusionIn post-trabeculectomy Asian eyes with well-controlled IOP, higher long-term IOP fluctuation may be associated with greater VF progression.