bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) from patients less than 3 years of age in a pediatric oncology setting
Authors: Robilotti Elizabeth , Huang Weihua , Babady N. Esther , Chen Donald , Kamboj Mini 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is prevalent in pediatric oncology patients, but the transmission risk to peers is unknown. In 224 children with CDI, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified only 7 alleged transmission events (18%) originating from children <3 years old. None of these events were corroborated by WGS.
Representational formats in medial temporal lobe and neocortex also determine subjective memory features
Authors: Axmacher Nikolai 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Episodic memories are shaped by the representational format of their contents. These formats are not only determined by medial temporal lobe areas, but essentially also by the neocortical regions which these areas control. The representational formats of medial temporal lobe and neocortex are sufficient to determine both, memory contents and subjective memory qualities, without the further need for an attribution system.
Social-ecological influences on unhealthy dietary behaviours among Moroccan adolescents: a mixed-methods study
Authors: El-Ammari Abdelghaffar , El Kazdouh Hicham , Bouftini Siham , El Fakir Samira , El Achhab Youness 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:To identify the prevalence of unhealthy dietary behaviours and their social-ecological influences in adolescents.Design:The study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, which begins with the collection of quantitative data, followed by the collection of qualitative data to explain and enrich the quantitative findings. Quantitative data were collected via a global school-based student health survey and were analysed using quantitative approaches. Qualitative data were obtained via focus group discussions and were analysed thematically.Setting:Middle and high secondary schools in Taza city, Morocco.Participants:Our quantitative analyses included 764 students (14–19 years). For the qualitative part, seventeen focus group discussions were conducted with 100 participants (fifty-six adolescents, twenty-six parents and eighteen teachers).Results:Of total student participants, 46·1 % skipped breakfast, 60·6 % had inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables (F&V), 39·4 % consumed soft drinks and 28·0 % consumed fast foods. All of these dietary behaviours could coexist in the same person except for inadequate intake of F&V. Gender, academic performance, age, perceived family income and education level of mother were associated with unhealthy dietary behaviours. Qualitative findings identified seven themes regarding social-ecological influences on adolescents’ dietary behaviours: cognitive, affective/biological, lifestyle, outcome expectation, social network, accessibility/availability and macro-level influences.Conclusions:The prevalence of unhealthy dietary behaviours in our study group is a concern. Dietary behaviours are the result of inseparable interactions among social-ecological influences. Modifiable factors identified may be useful when designing a future intervention aimed at improving breakfast and F&V consumption and reducing fast/snack-food consumption among adolescents.
ISC‐EHB 1964–2016, an Improved Data Set for Studies of Earth Structure and Global Seismicity
Authors: Engdahl E. R. , Di Giacomo D. , Sakarya B. , Gkarlaouni C. G. , Harris J. , Storchak D. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA data set of earthquake hypocenters and associated traveltime residuals for seismic phases recorded by seismograph stations globally is an essential starting point for most studies of global seismicity and Earth structure. Such data sets have been produced in various forms by national and international agencies since the beginning of instrumental seismology at the turn of the twentieth century. We have reprocessed the comprehensive data used to produce the routinely distributed bulletins of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) since 1964 to construct a new refined data set of hypocenters with improved focal depths and phase residuals. This data set, called ISC‐EHB, is used to reveal features of the seismotectonic zones in downgoing slabs in greater detail than previously routinely available.
The Farley‐Buneman Spectrum in 2‐D and 3‐D Particle‐in‐Cell Simulations
Authors: Young Matthew A. , Oppenheim Meers M. , Dimant Yakov S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince the 1960s, the Farley‐Buneman instability has played an important role in probing the E‐region ionosphere. The intervening years have seen significant progress in the linear theory of this instability, its relation to other instabilities, and some of its observational signatures. However, the saturation mechanism and nonlinear behavior remain open topics because of their role in controlling energy flow in the E‐region plasma. This paper explores the saturated state of the Farley‐Buneman instability in 2‐D and 3‐D kinetic simulations of the high‐latitude ionosphere, at three different simulated altitudes: 107, 110, and 113 km. These simulations show irregularity amplitude growth and saturation in all runs, but irregularity growth takes much longer in 2‐D than in 3‐D. Once the simulations reach saturation, wave power in the meter‐scale regime falls off as a power law below the wavelength of peak growth, but the power law index is larger in 3‐D than in 2‐D. At longer wavelengths, the 3‐D spectrum is much flatter than the 2‐D spectrum. This implies that purely 2‐D simulations of the Farley‐Buneman instability may overestimate irregularity amplitudes at decameter scales and may also underestimate the efficiency of ion Landau damping at the ion mean‐free‐path scale. From a physical perspective, the relatively flat spectra above the wavelength of peak growth in 3‐D simulations imply a wavelength‐independent saturation mechanism across a range of altitudes. Finally, both 2‐D and 3‐D simulations demonstrate the importance of accounting for zeroth‐order ion drift when estimating the flow angle of density irregularities.
Full Field and Mean Field Modeling of Grain Growth in a Multiphase Material Under Dry Conditions: Application to Peridotites
Authors: Furstoss Jean , Bernacki Marc , Petit Carole , Fausty Julien , Pino Muñoz Daniel , Ganino Clément 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present a full field framework based on the level‐set approach, which enables to simulate grain growth in a multiphase material. Our formalism permits to take into account different types of second phases, which can be static or dynamic (i.e., evolving also by grain growth) and reproduce both transient (evolving relative grain sizes) and steady‐state structures. We use previously published annealing experiments of porous olivine or olivine and enstatite mixtures to constrain the parameters of the full field model, and then analyze the results of a peridotite‐like annealing simulation. The experimental grain growth kinetics is very well reproduced while the simulated microstructure morphologies show some differences with experimental ones. We then propose a mean field model calibrated thanks to the full field simulations, which allow us to predict the mean grain size evolution depending on the simplified peridotite composition (e.g., second phase mean grain sizes, fractions).
Applying ADCPs for Long‐Term Monitoring of SSC in Rivers
Authors: Aleixo Rui , Guerrero Massimo , Nones Michael , Ruther Nils 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe flow rate and the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of two different rivers draining into the Adriatic Sea basin, the Secchia in Italy and the Devoll in Albania, were analyzed by processing the data collected in a 245‐day period at monitoring stations equipped with side‐looking acoustic Doppler current profilers (H‐ADCPs). SSC was determined as a by‐product of the echo profiles along the horizontal aligned acoustic beams emitted by H‐ADCPs. For the first time, the effect of organic matter other than a change of inorganic particles size distribution was evaluated as a possible reason for backscatter and attenuation variations during hydrological events. This reduced average deviations between acoustically inferred and sampled concentrations from 1 order of magnitude to 20% of actual values. The improvement required the measuring of attenuation to backscatter ratio (ABR) in addition to sound attenuation. The validation interval covered 3 orders of magnitude from
to
g L
. In this paper the potential of the ABR method using H‐ADCP to continuously monitor suspended sediment fluxes is tested in two different rivers, enabling single peak flood analysis and reliable assessment of sediment budget across a river cross section. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are presented and discussed.
Focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 regulates bone homeostasis in mice
Authors: Cao Huiling , Yan Qinnan , Wang Dong , Lai Yumei , Zhou Bo , Zhang Qi , Jin Wenfei , Lin Simin , Lei Yiming , Ma Liting , Guo Yuxi , Wang Yishu , Wang Yilin , Bai Xiaochun , Liu Chuanju , Feng Jian Q. , Wu Chuanyue , Chen Di , Cao Xu , Xiao Guozhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOur recent studies demonstrate that the focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 is critical for chondrogenesis and early skeletal development. Here, we show that deleting Kindlin-2 from osteoblasts using the 2.3-kb mouse Col1a1-Cre transgene minimally impacts bone mass in mice, but deleting Kindlin-2 using the 10-kb mouse Dmp1-Cre transgene, which targets osteocytes and mature osteoblasts, results in striking osteopenia in mice. Kindlin-2 loss reduces the osteoblastic population but increases the osteoclastic and adipocytic populations in the bone microenvironment. Kindlin-2 loss upregulates sclerostin in osteocytes, downregulates β-catenin in osteoblasts, and inhibits osteoblast formation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of β-catenin in the mutant cells reverses the osteopenia induced by Kindlin-2 deficiency. Kindlin-2 loss additionally increases the expression of RANKL in osteocytes and increases osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Kindlin-2 deletion in osteocytes promotes osteoclast formation in osteocyte/bone marrow monocyte cocultures, which is significantly blocked by an anti-RANKL-neutralizing antibody. Finally, Kindlin-2 loss increases osteocyte apoptosis and impairs osteocyte spreading and dendrite formation. Thus, we demonstrate an important role of Kindlin-2 in the regulation of bone homeostasis and provide a potential target for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
CD147 deficiency in T cells prevents thymic involution by inhibiting the EMT process in TECs in the presence of TGFβ
Authors: Chen Ruo , Wang Ke , Feng Zhuan , Zhang Ming-Yang , Wu Jiao , Geng Jie-Jie , Chen Zhi-Nan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThymic involution during aging is a major cause of decreased T-cell production and reduced immunity. Here, we show that the loss of CD147 on T cells prevents thymic senescence, resulting in slowed shrinkage of the thymus with age and increased production of naive T cells. This phenotype is the result of slowing of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in thymic epithelial cells (TECs), which eventually leads to reduced adipocyte accumulation. In an in vitro coculture system, we found that TGFβ is an important factor in the EMT process in TECs and that it can reduce the expression of E-cadherin through p-Smad2/FoxC2 signaling. Moreover, CD147 on T cells can accelerate the decline in E-cadherin expression by interacting with Annexin A2 on TECs. In the presence of TGFβ, Annexin A2 and E-cadherin colocalize on TECs. However, CD147 on T cells competitively binds to Annexin A2 on TECs, leading to the isolation of E-cadherin. Then, the isolated E-cadherin is easily phosphorylated by phosphorylated Src kinase, the phosphorylation of which was induced by TGFβ, and finally, p-E-cadherin is degraded. Thus, in the thymus, the interaction between T cells and TECs contributes to thymic involution with age. In this study, we illuminate the mechanism underlying the triggering of the EMT process in TECs and show that inhibiting TGFβ and/or CD147 may serve as a strategy to hinder age-related thymic involution.
Epigenetics meets proteomics in an epigenome-wide association study with circulating blood plasma protein traits
Authors: Zaghlool Shaza B. , Kühnel Brigitte , Elhadad Mohamed A. , Kader Sara , Halama Anna , Thareja Gaurav , Engelke Rudolf , Sarwath Hina , Al-Dous Eman K. , Mohamoud Yasmin A. , Meitinger Thomas , Wilson Rory , Strauch Konstantin , Peters Annette , Mook-Kanamori Dennis O. , Graumann Johannes , Malek Joel A. , Gieger Christian , Waldenberger Melanie , Suhre Karsten 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDNA methylation and blood circulating proteins have been associated with many complex disorders, but the underlying disease-causing mechanisms often remain unclear. Here, we report an epigenome-wide association study of 1123 proteins from 944 participants of the KORA population study and replication in a multi-ethnic cohort of 344 individuals. We identify 98 CpG-protein associations (pQTMs) at a stringent Bonferroni level of significance. Overlapping associations with transcriptomics, metabolomics, and clinical endpoints suggest implication of processes related to chronic low-grade inflammation, including a network involving methylation of NLRC5, a regulator of the inflammasome, and associated pQTMs implicating key proteins of the immune system, such as CD48, CD163, CXCL10, CXCL11, LAG3, FCGR3B, and B2M. Our study links DNA methylation to disease endpoints via intermediate proteomics phenotypes and identifies correlative networks that may eventually be targeted in a personalized approach of chronic low-grade inflammation.
Symmetry-protected hierarchy of anomalous multipole topological band gaps in nonsymmorphic metacrystals
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Lin Zhi-Kang , Wang Hai-Xiao , Xiong Zhan , Tian Yuan , Lu Ming-Hui , Chen Yan-Feng , Jiang Jian-Hua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSymmetry and topology are two fundamental aspects of many quantum states of matter. Recently new topological materials, higher-order topological insulators, were discovered, featuring bulk–edge–corner correspondence that goes beyond the conventional topological paradigms. Here we discover experimentally that the nonsymmorphic p4g acoustic metacrystals host a symmetry-protected hierarchy of topological multipoles: the lowest band gap has a quantized Wannier dipole and can mimic the quantum spin Hall effect, whereas the second band gap exhibits quadrupole topology with anomalous Wannier bands. Such a topological hierarchy allows us to observe experimentally distinct, multiplexed topological phenomena and to reveal a topological transition triggered by the geometry transition from the p4g group to the C4v group, which demonstrates elegantly the fundamental interplay between symmetry and topology. Our study demonstrates that classical systems with controllable geometry can serve as powerful simulators for the discovery of novel topological states of matter and their phase transitions.
Metal ions weaken the hydrophobicity and antibiotic resistance of Bacillus subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilms
Authors: Falcón García Carolina , Kretschmer Martin , Lozano-Andrade Carlos N. , Schönleitner Markus , Dragoŝ Anna , Kovács Ákos T. , Lieleg Oliver 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSurface superhydrophobicity makes bacterial biofilms very difficult to fight, and it is a combination of their matrix composition and complex surface roughness which synergistically protects these biomaterials from wetting. Although trying to eradicate biofilms with aqueous (antibiotic) solutions is common practice, this can be a futile approach if the biofilms have superhydrophobic properties. To date, there are not many options available to reduce the liquid repellency of biofilms or to prevent this material property from developing. Here, we present a solution to this challenge. We demonstrate how the addition of metal ions such as copper and zinc during or after biofilm formation can render the surface of otherwise superhydrophobic B. subtilis NCIB 3610 biofilms completely wettable. As a result of this procedure, these smoother, hydrophilic biofilms are more susceptible to aqueous antibiotics solutions. Our strategy proposes a scalable and widely applicable step in a multi-faceted approach to eradicate biofilms.
A protective role of renalase in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yin Jianyong , Liu Xuanchen , Zhao Ting , Liang Rulian , Wu Rui , Zhang Fangfei , Kong Yiwei , Liu Limei , Xing Tao , Wang Niansong , Zhao Qing , Wang Feng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Renalase, a recently discovered secreted flavoprotein, exerts anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects against renal injury in acute and chronic animal models. However, whether Renalase elicits similar effects in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. The studies presented here tested the hypothesis that Renalase may play a key role in the development of DN and may have therapeutic potential for DN. Renalase expression was measured in human kidney biopsies with DN and in kidneys of db/db mice. The role of Renalase in the development of DN was examined using a genetically engineered mouse model: Renalase knockout mice with db/db background. The renoprotective effects of Renalase in DN was evaluated in db/db mice with Renalase overexpression. In addition, the effects of Renalase on high glucose-induced mesangial cells were investigated. Renalase was down-regulated in human diabetic kidneys and in kidneys of db/db mice compared with healthy controls or db/m mice. Renalase homozygous knockout increased arterial blood pressure significantly in db/db mice while heterozygous knockout did not. Renalase heterozygous knockout resulted in elevated albuminuria and increased renal mesangial expansion in db/db mice. Mesangial hypertrophy, renal inflammation, and pathological injury in diabetic Renalase heterozygous knockout mice were significantly exacerbated compared with wild-type littermates. Moreover, Renalase overexpression significantly ameliorated renal injury in db/db mice. Mechanistically, Renalase attenuated high glucose-induced profibrotic gene expression and p21 expression through inhibiting extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2). The present study suggested that Renalase protected against the progression of DN and might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of DN.
An Unsuccessful Attempt to Confirm the Occurrence of 4′-O-β-
d-Glucosyl-9-O-(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil in Valerian Root
Authors: Sendker Jandirk , Lechtenberg Matthias , Hensel Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe lignan 4′-O-β-
d-glucosyl-9-O-(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil had previously been discovered in a methanolic extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis agg.) and characterized as a potent partial agonist at the A1 adenosine receptors. Today, countless scientific sources, webpages, and press articles mention this compound and discuss it as an active constituent for the sedative effect of this herbal drug. As no second report confirmed the occurrence of this lignan in valerian root during the 20 years since its first description in 1998, we intended to re-prove its presence by means of LCMS using other genuine or added lignans as a quantitative benchmark. Whilst those lignans were clearly detectable in methanolic valerian extracts of all six investigated batches of valerian root, no positive proof of 4′-O-β-
d-glucosyl-9-O-(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil was achieved. Our result suggests that this
compound does not occur regularly in valerian root in the amounts expected from the single report on the occurrence of this compound.
Interlocutor differences and the role of
social others in a Spanish peer tutoring
context
Authors: Back Michele 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Peer tutoring is a valuable
component of additional language learning due to
interactions with a knowledgeable interlocutor.
Yet many are unaware of the role of what Lantolf
(2015) termed “social others” on
interlocutors’ and learners’ perceptions and
constructions of the target language and culture.
Social others include persons who interlocutors
perceive as having equal, more, or less knowledge;
written texts; and previous or potential selves.
Social others do not have to be physically present
for mediation on expertise to occur. In this
chapter, I analyze video data from Spanish
language peer tutoring sessions, triangulating
with interview excerpts highlighting peer tutor
knowledge and roles. I show how peer tutors
mediated their ascribed epistemic stances of
expert through social others and co-constructed
their own knowledge with learners. These findings
interrogate ways in which knowledge is
traditionally perceived, highlighting the complex
ideologies that surround knowledge of a target
language and culture.
Modeling and control of magnetorheological 6-DOF stewart platform based on multibody systems transfer matrix method
Authors: Jiang Min , Rui Xiaoting , Zhu Wei , Yang Fufeng , Zhang Jianshu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A 6-DOF vibration isolation system with magneto-rheological damper (MRD) based on Stewart mechanism was designed to reduce the mechanical vibration more effectively. To make the isolation system perform well, an effective control method was also proposed. Using the linear multibody systems transfer matrix method (MSTMM), the dynamic model of the MRD 6-DOF vibration isolation system was established to obtain the dynamic characteristics. Firstly, based on the test mechanical property of magnetorheological damper, the electromagnetic coupling model of magnetorheological damper was established. Secondly, the transfer equation of 6-DOF vibration isolation system was established by linear MSTMM. And the state space equation was derived using the modal superposition method, which was based on the augmented eigenvector and body dynamics equation. Thirdly, the linear quadratic Gaussian control method of MRD 6-DOF vibration isolation system was designed. Finally, the numerical simulation was carried out. The results showed that MRD 6-DOF vibration isolation system with optimal control improved the dynamic performance of mechanical equipment effectively. Compared with passive vibration isolation system, the translation of the vibration isolation system in the X, Y, and Z directions, as well as the rotation around the X axis, Y axis and Z axis were reduced by 51.85%, 58.71%, 64.43%, 75.43%, 66.45% and 52.87%, respectively. Similarly, the percentage drops were 50.00%, 56.16%, 34.94%, 53.09%, 38.14% and 46.76% compared to the PID control based vibration isolation system, respectively. The established dynamic model and control strategy provided theoretical basis for relevant vibration isolation tests.