bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Att urskilja allianser för att hantera osäkerhet
Authors: Flisbäck Marita 
Published: October 2020

I artikeln undersöks tecken som intervjuade målsägande, tilltalade och vittnen berättar att de tagit till intäkt för att allianser uppkommit under brottmålsrättegång. Urskiljandet av allianser och intervjupersonernas förklaringar till dessa, i termer av klass, kön, ras och sexualitet, tolkas som strategier för att hantera osäkra bedömningssituationer.
THE APPLICATION OF ROUTING OF OSPF AND EIGRP USING THE METHOD REDISTRIBUTE TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE NETWORK
Authors: Wibowo Ari Ramadhan , Anton Anton , Astuti Puji 
Published: October 2020

Routing OSPF dan EIGRP adalah dua routing yang banyak digunakan pada jaringan komputer. Dengan penerapan routing OSPF dan EIGRP menjadikan lebih mudah dan lebih efisien pada banyak router. Dalam penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada CV. Cyber Art Group Indonesia akan menghubungkan dengan menggunakan beberapa router sebagai gateway. Perbedaan karakteristik protokol routing tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan cara menggunakan redistribusi router. Redistribution Router adalah metode agar router dapat mempelajari tabel route yang berbeda dari tiap routing dan mendapatkan komunikasi yang optimal di mana banyak protokol routing yang sedang digunakan. Dari penerapan teknik redistribution tersebut dapat diketahui hasilnya berupa waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam proses pengiriman data dengan parameter pengukuran Throughput, Delay, dan packet loss.
اللامركزية السياسية في ظل دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005
Authors: طالب مصدق عادل , الجزائري مروج هادي 
Published: October 2020

تُعد اللامركزية أحد موضوعات القانونين الإداري والدستوري، الا انه في الوقت الذي نجد فيه اسهاب وتعمق غالبية فقهاء القانون الإداري في معالجة هذا الموضوع والوقوف على كل التفصيلات المتعلقة به، نجد بالمقابل أحجام فقهاء القانون الدستوري عن معالجة هذا الموضوع بصورة شاملة ومستفيضة وفق الأهمية التي يحتلها.
وفي ضوء ما تقدم ، يعالج هذا البحث ( اللامركزية السياسية في ظل دستور جمهورية العراق لعام 2005 ) ، من حيث استعراض مفهوم هذا المصطلح واركانه فضلاً عن وضع الحدود الفاصلة مع غيره من المصطلحات التي تتقارب معه كاللامركزية الإدارية والحكم الذاتي ، من اجل الإجابة على تساؤل مهم يتعلق بتقويم مدى نجاعة الاخذ بهذا النظام من قبل المشرع العراقي ، وبيان المعوقات التي حالت دون تطبيق هذا النظام على الرغم من مرور مدة تقارب العقد على نفاذ الدستور العراقي ، ومن ثم اقتراح خارطة طريق تصب في استكمال بناء هذا النظام ودعائمه.
مكانة اللغة العربية في دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005
Authors: حسين كمال علي 
Published: October 2020

صرح دستور جمهورية العراق لسنة 2005 النافذ وإقتداءً بمعظم الدساتير العراقية السابقة ودساتير الدول العربية ، بأن اللغة العربية هي اللغة الرسمية للدولة[i] ، إقراراً بالمكانة العظيمة والسامية لها ، فهي اللغة التي قدسها الخالق (عز وجل) ، بإختيارها لغة لخاتم كتبه السماوية والمهيمن عليها جميعاً (القرآن الكريم) ، وأصطفائها لساناً لخاتم أنبيائه وقائد رسله ، حضرة الرسول الأعظم محمد بن عبد الله (ص) ، وهذا ما استوجب دراسة قواعد هذا الترسيم الدستوري للغة العربية في العراق ، إضافة إلى التشريعات ذات الصلة بها ، مع بحث الوضع الدستوري الخاص باللغات الأخرى في العراق ، كالكردية والسريانية والتركمانية والارمنية ، كونها تتشارك مع اللغة العربية بعدها لغات للشركاء الأخرين مع الناطقين بالعربية ، في الطيف العراقي الواسع الألوان .

[i] إلى جانب اللغة الكردية ، إستناداً إلى المادة (4 / أولاً) منه ، والتركمانية والسريانية في الوحدات التي يشكلون فيها كثافة سكانية ، إستناداً الى الفقرة (رابعاً) من ذات المادة ، إذ عدها الدستور لغات رسمية هي الأخرى للعراق إلى جانب اللغة العربية .
التفسير التطوري للمعاهدات الدولية
Authors: الحياني فتحي محمد 
Published: October 2020

تناول البحث موضوع التفسير التطوري للمعاهدات الدولية في ثلاثة مباحث : الأول، صب اهتمامه البحثي على الاطار المفاهيمي للتفسير التطوري واساسه الفلسفي والقانوني وما يرتبط به من محددات. أما المبحث الثاني فتناول موقف محكمة العدل الدولية من الركون إلى التفسير التطوري ودراسة وتحليل سوابقها في هذا الجانب وما تمخض عنها من معايير مقترحة ومتبناة. أم المبحث الثالث فقد تناول موقف قضاء حقوق الإنسان من خلال تحليل أحكام المحكمة الأوربية لحقوق الإنسان والمحكمة الأمريكية لحقوق الانسان انطلاقاً من المعايير التي افرزتها الممارسات القضائية والتي تنوعت حسب نوع المعاهدة ومداها الزماني، طبيعة المصطلح ، الاتجاه المعتمد في القانون الدولي بالاضافة إلى المعايير الاخرى التي ترتبط بطريقة التفسير ذاتها كتلك المرتبطة بالمعنى المستقل أو الطريقة الفاعلة في التفسير .
Room-temperature spin relaxation in a (110)-oriented GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice with tunnel-coupled quantum wells
Authors: Ohno Yuzo , Iba Satoshi , Okamoto Ryogo , Obata Yuma , Obu Kouki , Domingez Jonathan Johan Pascual , Saito Hidekazu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We have investigated the electron spin relaxation time of a (110)-oriented GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice (SL) with tunnel-coupled quantum wells at room temperature. As the tunnel coupling between quantum wells increased, the spin relaxation time decreased. Even when the strength of tunnel coupling was as large as 25 meV, the spin relaxation time was 0.7 ns, about seven times longer than that of bulk GaAs which has been used as a conventional spin transport layer. This finding indicates that (110)-oriented SL structures are one of the potential candidates for spin transport in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions in semiconductor-based spintronic devices.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TITIK GARIS BIDANG (TGB) UNTUK SISWA TUNAGRAHITA RINGAN KELAS VIII SMPLB
Authors: Afriliziana Linda Ardani , Maimunah Maimunah , Heleni Susda 
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the research conducted is to produce math learning media field line and point (TGB) on the material of cuboid and cube for mild intellectual disability 8th in SMPLB Pekanbaru. The developed media learning are TGB method and manual book. The research methods Borg and Gall development models with ten stages: (1) Potential and problems; (2) Collect information; (3) Product design; (4) Design validation: (5) design revisions; (6) Product testing; (7) Product revisions; (8) Usage testing; (9) Product revisions; and (10) mass production. This research is conducted until product testing stage, due to the Covid-19 pandemic it is hard to continue the research from 7th to 10th stages. Apparantly it needs wider coverage and more sufficient term on making this research works fully at times like this. The results of the data validation analysis show the average assessment for the learning media and the manual book is 2.77 with valid criteria. The results of the analysis of the practical data were collected from the results of the students response to the media, with average percentage of 100%. Based on the results of data analysis and discussion can be concluded that the mathematics learning media developed has fulfilled valid criteria that is worthy to be used and practical that is easy to use.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN MAHASISWA PGSD DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH GEOMETRI
Authors: Nanna A. Wilda Indra , Pratiwi Enditiyas , Anggraeni Cahyo 
Published: October 2020

One of the courses have often difficult by pre service teacher in primary education is Geometry, evidently by learning outcome that are still low. Difficulties experienced by students led to an error occurred in solving problem in geometry. Errors that occur when students solve problems in geometry really need to be known, especially the type of error. One of procedure that can be used to reveal the student error is Newman procedure. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method that aimed to analyze the errors of pre service teacher in primary education when solve the problems in geometry. Participants in this research were two students who have taken the courses of Geometry and meet the criteria which is experiencing a mathematical error. Data collection technique use a question sheet and interviews. Question sheet given in order to analyze student errors that appear. While the interviews were conducted to confirm the results of student work. The results showed that the four stages of the procedure of Newman Error Analyze that comprehension, transformation, process skill and encoding occur mathematical error, logical error and strategic error. Furthermore, as new findings in this research, the error experienced by the students at this stage of the procedure Newman can cause errors in the later stages.
No impact of instructions and feedback on task integration in motor learning
Authors: Ewolds Harald , Broeker Laura , de Oliveira Rita F. , Raab Markus , Künzell Stefan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study examined the effect of instructions and feedback on the integration of two tasks. Task-integration of covarying tasks are thought to help dual-task performance. With complete task integration of covarying dual tasks, a dual task becomes more like a single task and dual-task costs should be reduced as it is no longer conceptualized as a dual task. In the current study we tried to manipulate the extent to which tasks are integrated. We covaried a tracking task with an auditory go/no-go task and tried to manipulate the extent of task-integration by using two different sets of instructions and feedback. A group receiving task-integration promoting instructions and feedback (N = 18) and a group receiving task-separation instructions and feedback (N = 20) trained on a continuous tracking task. The tracking task covaried with the auditory go/no-go reaction time task because high-pitch sounds always occurred 250 ms before turns, which has been demonstrated to foster task integration. The tracking task further contained a repeating segment to investigate implicit learning. Results showed that instructions, feedback, or participants’ conceptualization of performing a single task versus a dual task did not significantly affect task integration. However, the covariation manipulation improved performance in both the tracking and the go/no-go task, exceeding performance in non-covarying and single tasks. We concluded that task integration between covarying motor tasks is a robust phenomenon that is not influenced by instructions or feedback.
Juegos y figuras geométricas, alternativa de aprendizaje para estudiantes de cuarto en institución agrícola Toro
Authors: Cortés Arias Oscar Efrén , Pulgarín Cárdenas Jorge 
Published: October 2020

Se pretende demostrar la utilidad de los juegos geométricos y de mesa, como herramienta de aprendizaje en una institución de carácter rural, donde se evidencia la importancia del trabajo físico y en equipo, ya que los jóvenes se sienten desmotivados a participar de actividades pedagógicas que no incluyan las TIC. Se evidencia que el uso prolongado de las TIC, los aísla socialmente; y, al aplicar los juegos de mesa, los estudiantes se frustran cuando no obtienen la misma inmediatez de otras actividades de su cotidianidad, esto se manifiesta como ansiedad y depresión en los estudiantes. Se pretende entonces dar respuesta al siguiente interrogante: ¿qué posibilidades encuentra el estudiante en el juego con figuras geométricas o juegos de mesa para el aprendizaje de todas las áreas? Esta investigación fue enfocada desde lo cualitativo, utilizó la metodología de etnografía educativa propuesta por María Eumelia Galeano; se realizaron entrevistas y encuestas como herramienta de recolección de información y se recurrió al modelo propuesto por Corvin y Strauss, para clasificar y analizar la información. En dicho proceso, emergieron categorías de análisis, como “si me dejan participar, les gano a todos”, “¡qué bien!, en la clase de hoy vamos a jugar” “si uno se lo propone, gana en todo”, que contribuyen a darle un sentido a la participación en las clases en las que se utiliza juegos de mesa, y que se vivencian los procesos de desarrollo en los menores.
VVV Survey Microlensing: Candidate Events with a Source in the Far Disk
Authors: Navarro María Gabriela , Minniti Dante , Contreras Ramos Rodrigo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The VVV microlensing search has recently surveyed the region of the Galactic plane at b = 0 within −10.00 ≤ l ≤ 10.44 deg. in the near-infrared (IR) discovering hundreds of microlensing events. In this paper we explore the microlensing events with background sources that might be located in the far disk of the Galaxy, beyond the bulge. We discuss the possible configurations for the microlensing lenses and sources located at different places within the Galactic plane. Then we search for these events using the local red clump centroids of the VVV near-IR color–magnitude diagrams. According to the estimated distances and proper motions, N = 20 events may have sources located in the far disk. The candidates for far-disk sources show on average longer timescales (t

E
= 49.3 ± 7.9 days) than the mean of the timescale distribution for the bulge red clump sources (t

E
= 36.4 ± 1.1 days). We conclude that the population of microlensing events in the region −10.00 ≤ l ≤ 10.44, −0.46 ≤ b ≤ 0.65 deg. contains a non-negligible number of events with candidate far-disk sources (∼11%). Our results are relevant in view of future microlensing plans with the Roman Space Telescope (formerly WFIRST) in the near-IR.
Comparing Turbulent Cascades and Heating versus Spectral Anisotropy in Solar Wind via Direct Simulations
Authors: Montagud-Camps Victor , Grappin Roland , Verdini Andrea 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In a previous work (MGV18), we showed numerically that the turbulent cascade generated by quasi-2D structures (with wavevectors mostly perpendicular to the mean magnetic field) is able to generate a temperature profile close to the one observed in solar wind (≃1/R) in the range 0.2 ≤ R ≤ 1 au. Theory, observations, and numerical simulations point to another robust structure, the radial slab, with dominant wavevectors along the radial: we study here the efficiency of the radial-slab cascade in building the 1/R temperature profile. As in MGV18, we solve the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations including expansion to simulate the turbulent evolution. We find that an isotropic distribution of wavevectors with large cross-helicity at 0.2 au, along with a large wind expansion rate, lead again to a temperature decay rate close to 1/R but with a radial-slab anisotropy at 1 au. Surprisingly, the turbulent cascade concentrates in the plane transverse to the radial direction, displaying 1D spectra with scalings close to k
−5/3 in this plane. This supports both the idea of turbulent heating of the solar wind, and the existence of two different turbulent cascades, associated to quasi-2D and radial-slab geometries. We conclude that sampling the radial spectrum in the solar wind may give poor information on the real cascade regime and rate when the radial slab is a non-negligible part of turbulence.
Two Complete Spectral Transitions of Swift J0243.6+6124 Observed by Insight-HXMT
Authors: Kong L. D. , Zhang S. , Chen Y. P. , Zhang S. N. , Ji L. , Doroshenko V. , Wang P. J. , Tao L. , Ge M. Y. , Liu C. Z. , Song L. M. , Lu F. J. , Qu J. L. , Li T. P. , Xu Y. P. , Cao X. L. , Chen Y. , Bu Q. C. , Cai C. , Chang Z. , Chen G. , Chen L. , Chen T. X. , Chen Y. B. , Cui W. , Cui W. W. , Deng J. K. , Dong Y. W. , Du Y. Y. , Fu M. X. , Gao G. H. , Gao H. , Gao M. , Gu Y. D. , Guan J. , Guo C. C. , Han D. W. , Huang Y. , Huo J. , Jia S. M. , Jiang L. H. , Jiang W. C. , Jin J. , Jin Y. J. , Li B. , Li C. K. , Li G. , Li M. S. , Li W. , Li X. , Li X. B. , Li X. F. , Li Y. G. , Li Z. W. , Liang X. H. , Liao J. Y. , Liu B. S. , Liu G. Q. , Liu H. W. , Liu X. J. , Liu Y. N. , Lu B. , Lu X. F. , Luo Q. , Luo T. , Ma X. , Meng B. , Nang Y. , Nie J. Y. , Ou G. , Sai N. , Shang R. C. , Song X. Y. , Sun L. , Tan Y. , Tuo Y. L. , Wang C. , Wang G. F. , Wang J. , Wang L. J. , Wang W. S. , Wang Y. S. , Wen X. Y. , Wu B. B. , Wu B. Y. , Wu M. , Xiao G. C. , Xiao S. , Xiong S. L. , Xu H. , Yang J. W. , Yang S. , Yang Y. J. , Yang Y. J. , Yi Q. B. , Yin Q. Q. , You Y. , Zhang A. M. , Zhang C. M. , Zhang F. , Zhang H. M. , Zhang J. , Zhang T. , Zhang W. C. , Zhang W. , Zhang W. Z. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Y. F. , Zhang Y. J. , Zhang Y. , Zhang Z. , Zhang Z. , Zhang Z. L. , Zhao H. S. , Zhao X. F. , Zheng S. J. , Zheng Y. G. , Zhou D. K. , Zhou J. F. , Zhu Y. X. , Zhuang R. L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We performed the broadband (1–100 keV) spectral analysis of the first Galactic Be ultraluminous X-ray pulsar (BeULX) Swift J0243.6+6124 observed by Insight-HXMT during the 2017−2018 outburst. The results show spectral transitions at two typical luminosities, roughly consistently with those reported previously via pure timing analysis. We find that the spectrum evolves and becomes softer and has higher cutoff energies until the luminosity reaches L
1 (∼1.5 × 1038 erg s−1). Afterwards the spectrum becomes harder with lower cutoff energies until the luminosity increases to L
2 (∼4.4 × 1038 erg s−1), around which the second spectral transition occurs. Beyond L
2, the spectrum softens again and has larger cutoff energies. Similar behaviors were observed previously in other high-mass X-ray binary systems (HMXBs), especially for the second transition at higher luminosities, which is believed to have a correlation with the magnetic field of the harbored neutron star. Accordingly, we speculate that Swift J0243.6+6124 owns a neutron star with magnetic field strength >1013 G. The spectral transition at around L
1 of Swift J0243.6+6124 is first observed thoroughly for any HMXB outburst characterized by strong evolution of the thermal component: the temperature of the blackbody drops sharply accompanied by a sudden increase of the blackbody radius. These spectral transitions can in principle be understood in a general scenario of balancing the emission patterns between the pencil and the fan beams at the magnetic pole, for which the extreme brightness of Swift J0243.6+6124 may provide an almost unique lab to probe the details.
The Nature of the Young Supernova Remnant S8 in the Dwarf Galaxy IC 1613
Authors: Fesen Robert A. , Weil Kathryn E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present subarcsecond optical images and low- to moderate-resolution spectra of the compact, X-ray, and optically bright supernova remnant known as S8 in the nearby dwarf galaxy IC 1613. Deep Hα images of the remnant show a sharply defined crescent-shaped nebula, while narrow passband images reveal a coincident and unexpectedly bright continuum nebulosity exhibiting a size and morphology like that seen for the remnant’s line emissions. Low-dispersion spectra covering 3600–9000 Å show numerous low-ionization line emissions such as [O i] and [Fe ii], along with higher-ionization emission lines including He ii and optical coronal lines [Fe vii], [Fe x], [Fe xi], and [Fe xiv]. This suggests the presence of a wide range of shock velocities from ∼50 to over 350 km s−1, corresponding to preshock densities of ∼1–30 cm−3. Higher-resolution spectra indicate an expansion velocity around 180 km s−1 with an ∼45 km s−1 wide central cavity. The Hα emission spans rest-frame velocities of +120 to −240 km s−1, and we estimate a total nebula mass of 119 ± 34 M
⊙. We conclude that S8 is a relatively young supernova remnant (≃2700–4400 yr) exhibiting properties remarkably like those seen in the young LMC remnant N49, including age, physical size, shock velocities, filament densities, optical line strengths, X-ray and optical luminosities, and coronal line and continuum emissions.
A Generalized Fisk-type HMF: Implications of Spatially Dependent Photospheric Differential Rotation
Authors: Steyn P. J. , Burger R. A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The existence of a Fisk-type heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) has been debated ever since Fisk proposed an alternative to the traditional view of the HMF first proposed by Parker. Several modifications of the original Fisk field model have been published in the past, for example, the Schwadron field and the Fisk–Parker hybrid HMF model. This study presents a new generalized Fisk HMF model that implements for the first time a spatially dependent differential rotation rate of the photosphere, by mapping magnetic field lines from the solar wind source surface to the photosphere. Data analysis methods of Forsyth et al. are used to search for a signature of a Fisk-type field during solar minimum conditions, using the magnetic field data from the first solar orbit of the Ulysses spacecraft. The new generalized Fisk field agrees better with the observed magnetic field winding angle than a standard Parker field during the majority of intervals scanned by Ulysses.
Short-term Variability of Evolved Massive Stars with TESS. II. A New Class of Cool, Pulsating Supergiants
Authors: Dorn-Wallenstein Trevor Z. , Levesque Emily M. , Neugent Kathryn F. , Davenport James R. A. , Morris Brett M. , Gootkin Keyan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Massive stars briefly pass through the yellow supergiant (YSG) phase as they evolve redward across the H-R diagram and expand into red supergiants (RSGs). Higher-mass stars pass through the YSG phase again as they evolve blueward after experiencing significant RSG mass loss. These post-RSG objects offer us a tantalizing glimpse into which stars end their lives as RSGs and why. One telltale sign of a post-RSG object may be an instability to pulsations, depending on the star’s interior structure. Here we report the discovery of five YSGs with pulsation periods faster than 1 day, found in a sample of 76 cool supergiants observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite at a two-minute cadence. These pulsating YSGs are concentrated in an H-R diagram region not previously associated with pulsations; we conclude that this is a genuine new class of pulsating star, fast yellow pulsating supergiants (FYPSs). For each FYPS, we extract frequencies via iterative prewhitening and conduct a time-frequency analysis. One FYPS has an extracted frequency that is split into a triplet, and the amplitude of that peak is modulated on the same timescale as the frequency spacing of the triplet; neither rotation nor binary effects are likely culprits. We discuss the evolutionary status of FYPS and conclude that they are candidate post-RSGs. All stars in our sample also show the same stochastic low-frequency variability found in hot OB stars and attributed to internal gravity waves. Finally, we find four α Cygni variables in our sample, of which three are newly discovered.
Non-Newtonian Gravity in Strange Quark Stars and Constraints from the Observations of PSR J0740+6620 and GW170817
Authors: Yang Shu-Hua , Pi Chun-Mei , Zheng Xiao-Ping , Weber Fridolin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate the effects of non-Newtonian gravity on the properties of strange quark stars (QSs) and constrain the parameters of the standard MIT bag model used to describe strange quark matter (SQM) by employing the mass of PSR J0740+6620 and the tidal deformability of GW170817. We find that, for the standard MIT bag model, these mass and tidal deformability observations would rule out the existence of QSs if non-Newtonian gravity effects are ignored. For a strange quark mass of m

s
= 95 MeV, we find that QSs can exist for values of the non-Newtonian gravity parameter g
2/μ
2 in the range of 1.37 GeV−2 ≤ g
2/μ
2 ≤ 7.28 GeV−2 and limits on the bag constant and the strong interaction coupling constant of the SQM model given by 141.3 MeV ≤ B
1/4 ≤ 150.9 MeV and α

S
≤ 0.56. For a strange quark mass of m

s
= 150 MeV, QSs can exist for 1.88 GeV−2 ≤ g
2/μ
2 ≤ 6.27 GeV−2 and limits on the parameters of the SQM model given by 139.7 MeV ≤ B
1/4 ≤ 147.3 MeV and α

S
≤ 0.49.