bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bucerotidae from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda (East Africa): the earliest hornbill with a modern‐type beak
Authors: Riamon Ségolène , Pickford Martin , Senut Brigitte , Louchart Antoine 
Published: December 2020

Hornbills (Bucorvidae and Bucerotidae) are among the most recognizable groups of birds. Their large, curved beak topped by a casque is their most obvious feature. Here, we describe the earliest fossil of a hornbill, and more precisely a Bucerotidae, from the early Miocene of Napak, Uganda. This fossil is a proximal part of a maxilla that can be tentatively assigned to the genus Tockus and which attests to an ancient evolutionary origin of this particular beak shape. The new fossil, as well as several postcranial bones, represents the earliest record of the Bucerotidae dated to about 19 million years ago, and can serve as a calibration point in future molecular phylogenies.
Determinants of bidding behaviours on live broadcast auction platforms: Goal desire perspective
Authors: Wu ChienHsing , Kao Shu‐Chen , Lin Jia‐Sing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBased on the goal‐directed behaviour theory, this article presents a research model including aspects of goal desire, live perception and past behaviour to identify determinants of bidding intention on the live broadcast auction platform. Analyses were based on data from 476 subjects. Results show that bidding desire or motivational attitude, significantly influences bidding intention. Subjective norms, both positive (from bidding and winning) and negative (from bidding and not winning) anticipated emotions and that bidding attitude is significantly associated with bidding desire. Positive anticipated emotion has a significant effect on the groups with low frequency of viewing and messaging, but not in the high‐frequency group. Subjective norms have a significant effect on the group with no experience of bidding, but not on the experienced group. Perceived behavioural control has significant effects on the group with experience of messaging and bidding, but not on the group without experience. The research demonstrates the value of goal desire in the domain of modelling bidding behaviour for live broadcast auction platforms.
Germany’s next shutdown—Possible scenarios and outcomes
Authors: Barbarossa Maria Vittoria , Fuhrmann Jan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the rapid increase of reported COVID‐19 cases, German policymakers announced a 4‐week “shutdown light” starting on November 2, 2020. Applying mathematical models, possible scenarios for the evolution of the outbreak in Germany are simulated. The results indicate that independent of the effectiveness of the current restrictive measures they might not be sufficient to mitigate the outbreak. Repeated shutdown periods or permanently applied measures over the winter could be successful alternatives.
The stage sensitivity of short‐term heat stress to lodging‐resistant traits and yield determination in canola (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Wu Wei , Duncan Robert W. , Ma Bao–Luo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the expected increase of abiotic stress under global climate change, significant research has been devoted to how abiotic stress will affect crop production. To date, there has been little research on the stage sensitivity of short‐term heat stress to crop lodging and yield determination in canola. This research was conducted in a controlled growth facility and aimed to examine root morphology, pod fertility, seed yield and crop lodging of two contrasting canola genotypes subjected to a short‐term heat stress (27.0/24.3°C, light/dark), imposed respectively at three growth stages, rosette vegetative stage (RVHT), early flowering stage (EFHT) and late flowering stage (LFHT), in comparison with non‐stressed control (CK) (23/17°C). The results demonstrate that heat stress imposed at RVHT and LFHT was less detrimental to seed yield and lodging resistance. However, EFHT showed significant adverse effects on both, which was further confirmed by redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation modelling (SEM). Compared with the CK, EFHT resulted in a yield loss of 43%, which was mainly due to poor pod fertility, less number of filled pods (−28%), decreased pollen viability (−38%) and a lower success ratio of filled pods (−29%). The taproot was found to be relatively tolerant to heat stress, but lateral roots were sensitive to heat stress at EFHT and LFHT. Root capacitance could be used as a non‐destructive method for evaluating lateral root morphology. Compared with the CK, EFHT displayed a high risk of stem lodging, as indicated by a 27% lower safety factor. This was mainly attributed to the reduced stem bending strength that was caused by the deterioration of stem mechanical properties under EFHT, as illustrated by SEM. Root lodging resistance was not altered by any stages of short‐term heat stress, as the taproot remained stable.
Defect formation and its effect on the thermodynamic properties of Pu2Zr2O7 pyrochlore: a first‐principles study
Authors: Shen Huahai , Li Menglu , Li Pengcheng , Xiao Haiyan , Zhang Haibin , Zu Xiaotao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the past decades, pyrochlores, such as Gd2Zr2O7, have demonstrated great potential to immobilize nuclear wastes such as Pu, which results in the production of Pu2Zr2O7. Due to the high radioactivity of Pu, it is difficult to investigate the radiation response behavior of Pu2Zr2O7 and its physical properties of the damaged state experimentally. Consequently, few related data have been reported in the literature thus far. In this study, first‐principles calculations have been carried out to investigate the defect formation and its effect on the thermodynamic properties of Pu2Zr2O7. It reveals that PuZr antisite and O8a interstitial defects are very easy to form in Pu2Zr2O7. In particular, the O8a interstitial defect can be formed spontaneously, while it is mechanically unstable. When vacancy, interstitial or antisite defects are formed in Pu2Zr2O7, and the elastic moduli and Debye temperature are decreased. Besides, better ductility is resulted. As compared with other zirconate pyrochlores, such as Gd2Zr2O7, the Pu2Zr2O7 is suggested to be less resistant to radiation‐induced amorphization. This study demonstrates that the created defects due to self‐radiation from actinide decay have remarkable influences on the thermophysical properties of Pu2Zr2O7.
Living in limbo while one’s identity is changing: Patients’ existential experiences 6 months after a kidney transplantation with a living donor
Authors: Kristensen Ingrid Villadsen , Birkelund Regner , Henriksen Jette , Norlyk Annelise 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate patients’ existential experiences in everyday life after a kidney transplantation with a living donor.DesignA qualitative study anchored in a hermeneutic‐phenomenological approach inspired by Ricoeur's theory of narrative and interpretation.MethodEleven patient interviews were conducted approximately 6 months after a kidney transplantation with a living donor. The interviews were conducted between August 2017–May 2019. Analysis and interpretation are based on Ricoeur's theory of interpretation.ResultsFour themes were identified: Experiencing bodily vulnerability while getting back to life; Feeling guilt while experiencing gratitude; Living in limbo while one's identity is changing; and Facing the future with hope while having reservations.ConclusionThis study reveals that patients experience multifaceted existential challenges in their everyday lives during the transition of the kidney transplantation process. Post‐surgery complications for donors lead to feelings of guilt in patients; plus, they must adapt to a new existence, including a new identity. The patients feel they are in limbo, as they experience their existence as uncertain and their identity as unknown.ImpactThe study highlights a need for developing a rehabilitation programme to address the individual and various existential challenges faced by patients who need to undergo a kidney transplantation.
Educational needs of patients and caregivers living with sickle cell disease results in development of web‐based patient decision aid
Authors: Ross Diana , Sinha Cynthia , Bakshi Nitya , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsWe performed an assessment to understand perceived decisional needs among those living with sickle cell disease. Additionally, we desired understanding of their preferred methods and quality of learning and sought guidance in development of a web‐based patient decision aid.DesignThe purpose of this qualitative study was to determine ways patients and caregivers receive education about sickle cell disease and available therapies. We sought to understand preferences for education, quality of current knowledge and information they would like to obtain.MethodsRecruitment for the initial needs assessment occurred between October 2013 ‐April 2014. Further recruitment for clarification of internet‐based searches occurred between January 2015 ‐September 2016. We conducted a total of 201 semi‐structured qualitative interviews with patients and caregivers.ResultsSix themes emerged: healthcare provider education is good but does not meet all the learning needs of the patient/caregiver; patients/caregivers feel a strong desire to seek information about treatment options on their own; adult patients and parents diverged in their core objectives in seeking information: quality of life (QOL) was the major outcome of interest in considering potential treatment options; experience of peers is preferred source for learning about treatment options; and educational needs may be supplemented with a web‐based interactive educational tool.ConclusionPatients with sickle cell disease and their caregivers are motivated by a desire to improve QOL in seeking treatment options and use many methods to seek education to supplement what they learn from their healthcare providers and may benefit from the use of a web‐based decision aid.ImpactEducational needs of patients/caregivers with sickle cell disease were identified and provide the basis to inform the design of educational strategies for them. Nurses and others can assist with learning needs by sharing the website and answering questions that arise.
Challenges to conducting randomised controlled trials with adults with intellectual disabilities: Experiences of international experts
Authors: Mulhall Peter , Taggart Laurence , McAloon Toni , Coates Vivien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, conducting randomised controlled trials can be a complex endeavour. The complexity increases when including participants with cognitive or intellectual disabilities. A fuller understanding of the barriers and challenges that can be expected in such trials may help researchers to make their trials more inclusive for people with disabilities.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with twelve international trial experts.ResultsEight themes emerged relating to challenges linked to: 1) participant co‐morbidities, 2) participant ability levels, 3) ethics and consent, 4) the RCT methodology, 5) gatekeeping, 6) staff turnover, 7) lack of technical understanding and 8) attitudes and perceptions.ConclusionConducting trials with cognitively disabled participants can pose unique challenges although many can be overcome with ‘reasonable adjustments’. Challenges that are harder to overcome are attitudes and perceptions that people (professional staff, funding bodies, carers or fellow researchers) hold towards the utility of conducting trials with cognitively disabled populations.
The occurrence of peri‐implant mucositis associated with the shift of submucosal microbiome in patients with a history of periodontitis during the first two years
Authors: Lu Hongye , Yan Xia , Zhu Bin , Zhang Li , Feng Xianghui , Piao Muzi , Huang Baoxin , Wang Xiane , Zhang Haidong , Wang Qi , Meng Huanxin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the dynamic changes of peri‐implant microbiome in patients with a history of periodontitis and to construct a microbial prediction model.Materials and methodsThe prospective study was performed at one month (T1), one year (T2) and two years (T3) after restoration. Clinical examinations [probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration (SUP)], radiographic examinations and sample collection were conducted at three timepoints. Peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) was collected and analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to identify differences.ResultsTotally, 168 subjects were assessed for eligibility. Twenty‐two patients were recruited in the longitudinal study. Eventually, 67 PISF samples from 24 implants of 12 patients were collected and analysed. Peri‐implant microbiome showed increasing diversity and complexity over time. Disease‐associated genera Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Treponema and Prevotella dramatically increased from T1 to T3. The prediction model for clinical suppuration at T1 showed a high accuracy of 90%.ConclusionThe dysbiosis of peri‐implant microbiome increased with time during the two‐year observation in patients with a history of periodontitis. Genera of Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Treponema and Prevotella were biomarkers of peri‐implant mucositis. Microbiota at the early stage could predict subsequent microbial dysbiosis and clinical suppuration.
Annual Research Review: A multilevel bioecological analysis of factors influencing the mental health and psychosocial well‐being of refugee children
Authors: Arakelyan Stella , Ager Alastair 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThis paper revisits the themes of an influential 1993 review regarding the factors shaping the mental health and psychosocial well‐being of refugees to take stock of developments in the evidence base and conceptualisation of issues for refugee children over the last 25 years.MethodsThe study deployed a systematic search strategy. This initially identified 784 papers, which was reduced to 65 studies following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. We used a later iteration of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of human development – the PPCT model – to consolidate evidence.ResultsWe identify a range of risk and protective factors operating at individual, familial, community and institutional and policy levels that influence outcomes for refugee children. The dynamics shaping the interaction of these influences are linked to the life course principles of socio‐historical time and developmental age, proximal processes and child agency.ConclusionsActions at individual, familial, community, school, institutional and policy levels all have potential traction on mental health and psychosocial well‐being of refugee children. However, evidence suggests that greatest impact will be secured by multilevel interventions addressing synergies between ecological systems, approaches engaging proximal processes (including parenting programmes) and interventions facilitating the agency of the developing refugee child.
One‐year estimated glomerular filtration rate decline as a risk factor of cardiovascular and renal end‐points in high‐risk Japanese patients
Authors: Meguro Shu , Inaishi Jun , Sato Yasunori , Komuro Issei , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionAs estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) progression might correlate with cardiovascular prognosis, the correlation between 1‐year decline in eGFR and cardiovascular incidences and renal outcome was investigated.Materials and MethodsThe 1‐year percentage decline in eGFR at the first observation year was calculated in a cohort of the standard versus intEnsive statin therapy for hypercholesteroleMic Patients with diAbetic retinopaTHY (EMPATHY) trial participants. The primary end‐point was the composite cardiovascular end‐point including the renal end‐point. The associations between the incidence of each end‐point and clinical markers were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsA total of 4,461 patients were analyzed. The mean observation period was 765.3 ± 363.1 days. The best cut‐off value of 1‐year eGFR decline was 0.099 in the first year for renal end‐point prediction by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The area under the curve of the model including the 1‐year eGFR decline of the first year was significantly larger than the model without it (0.943, 95% confidence interval 0.915–0.971 to 0.967, 95% confidence interval 0.950–0.983, P = 0.019). Primary end‐point incidences and the renal end‐point were much higher in rapid eGFR decliners compared with non‐decliners (P < 0.0001). The cardiovascular end‐point incidence, except for the renal end‐point, was not different between the groups. According to Cox regression analysis, 1‐year eGFR decline during the first year was a significant risk factor for the end‐points, including the renal end‐point, independent of albuminuria and eGFR at baseline.ConclusionsThe 1‐year eGFR decline rate provided useful information for cardiovascular end‐point predictions, including the renal end‐point, in addition to the conventional risk factors.
Nitric oxide fumigation for control of navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella, on walnut
Authors: Yang Xiangbing , Liu Yong‐Biao , Simmons Gregory , Light Douglas , Haff Ron 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe navel orangeworm (NOW), Amyelois transitella (Walker), is a major post‐harvest pest of tree nuts including walnut, almonds and pistachios. Nitric oxide (NO) was recently discovered to be a potential fumigant under ultralow oxygen conditions for post‐harvest pest control. In this study, NO fumigation was evaluated for efficacy against eggs, larvae and pupae of NOW. NO fumigation was found to be similarly effective against NOW on artificial diet and in infested walnuts. Fumigations of 4, 8 and 16 hr with 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5% NO, respectively, achieved complete control of small and large larvae in artificial diet. Complete control of pupae on artificial diet was achieved in 8, 16 and 24 hr fumigations with 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5% NO, respectively. For NOW in infested walnuts, complete control was achieved in 6, 8 and 16 hr fumigations with 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5% NO, respectively, for small larvae; in 4‐, 8‐ and 24‐hr fumigations with 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5% NO, respectively, for large larvae; and in 8‐, 16‐ and 24‐hr fumigations with 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5% NO, respectively, for pupae. Eggs were more tolerant to NO fumigation than larvae and pupae, and complete control of NOW eggs was achieved in 8‐ and 16‐hr fumigation with 3.0 and 2.0% NO, respectively. This study demonstrated the efficacy of NO fumigation against NOW on walnut and its potential as an alternative post‐harvest treatment for the pest.
A novel Dicistro‐like virus discovered in Procambarus clarkii with “Black May” disease
Authors: Huang Pengdan , Shen Guoqing , Gong Jie , Zhu Mengru , Wang Yang , Zhang Xiao , Hashimu Ame Kassimu , Zang Yanan , Shen Huaishun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe peak period of morbidity and death in cultured Procambarus clarkii is around May each year and is called the “Black May” disease. The pathogen causing “Black May” disease is believed to be a white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). In 2018, a significant number of P. clarkii died in the pond culture of Xinglong Township, Xuyi County. Two sampling tests on the affected pond showed that, in addition to WSSV, a novel Dicistro‐like virus (PcDV) was present. Genomic sequence analysis indicated that this new virus belongs to the Dicistroviridae family, Picornaviridaes order. A high number of spherical particles were detected in gill tissues of P. clarkii with “Black May” disease by electron microscopy, a finding consistent with viruses from the Picornaviridaes order. From October 2018 to September 2019, we took monthly samples from Hubei, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, and tested for the presence of PcDV and WSSV in P. clarkii. The detection rates of PcDV in P. clarkii peaked from April to June, consistent with the onset of the “Black May” disease. In conclusion, we believe that the discovery of PcDV will provide new research directions for investigating the pathogens causing “Black May” disease in P. clarkii.
Utility of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion normalized by right ventricular size indices in dogs with postcapillary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Yuchi Yunosuke , Suzuki Ryohei , Teshima Takahiro , Matsumoto Hirotaka , Koyama Hidekazu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is a common right ventricular (RV) function indicator. However, TAPSE was not decreased in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) because of its load, angle, and body weight dependency, and TAPSE was considered a preload‐dependent index.ObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of TAPSE normalized by RV size in dogs with postcapillary PH.AnimalsTwenty healthy dogs and 71 MMVD dogs with or without PH.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, end‐diastolic RV internal dimension (RVIDd), end‐diastolic and end‐systolic RV area, and end‐diastolic RV wall thickness were measured as RV size indices. The TAPSE was measured using B‐mode and M‐mode methods. Normalized TAPSE was calculated by dividing TAPSE by each RV size index. The RV strain was obtained as the detailed RV function using 2‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. All indices were compared among the PH severity groups and in the presence of right‐sided congestive heart failure (R‐CHF).ResultsAlthough nonnormalized TAPSE was higher with PH severity progression, each normalized TAPSE showed a significant decrease in the severe PH group (P < .05). The TAPSEB‐mode/RVIDd ratio had high area under the curve to predict R‐CHF and had moderate correlation with RV strain (P < .05). The TAPSEB‐mode/RVIDd and left atrial‐to‐aortic diameter ratios were independent predictors for R‐CHF.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNormalized TAPSE could reflect RV systolic dysfunction in dogs with severe PH, which could not be detected by nonnormalized TAPSE. The TAPSEB‐mode/RVIDd ratio might predict R‐CHF with high sensitivity and reproducibility.