bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 5-minute protocol for patients with stroke
Authors: Feng Yali , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhou Yi , Chen Bo , Yin Ying 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and propose The aim of the present study is to examine the validity of 2 Chinese versions of the short-form Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in patients with stroke.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted which included patients with stroke as compared to healthy controls. The Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5-minute protocol (MoCA 5-min protocol), National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Canadian Stroke Network 5-minute Protocol (NINDS-CSN 5-min protocol), and Neurobehavioural Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) were administered to each participant.Results A total of 54 patients with stroke and 27 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We identified patients with cognitive impairments using the NCSE, and found that the 5-min protocol was equivalent to the MoCA in differentiating patients with cognitive impairments from those without (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUC, of 0.948 for the MoCA 5-min protocol v.s. 0.984 for MoCA, P = 0.097); however, the NINDS-CSN 5-min protocol was less effective than MoCA in differentiating patients with cognitive impairments from those without (AUC of 0.925 for the NINDS CSN 5-min protocol v.s. 0.984 for MoCA, P = 0.027). These three assessments demonstrated equal performance in differentiating patients with stroke from controls.Conclusions The Chinese version of the MoCA 5-min protocol can be used as a valid screening for patients with stroke.
Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of stroke in AF with arterial origin stroke: a meta-analysis.
Authors: Li Mingxia , Lin Hong , Shi Jiankuan , Yang Qianru , Li Jianjun , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhang Ying , Tian YiBo , Ge Fangfang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy were adopted respectively for the prevention ofcardio-embolic stroke or arterial origin stroke. while it’s difficult to make decisions for individual with Atrial fibrillation(AF)and arterial origin stroke as comorbidities, so we attempted to evaluate the efficacy and safety ofanticoagulants and antiplatelet forthe prevention of stroke in AF with arterial origin stroke and make an optimal treatment for these comorbidities. Methods Databases included PubMed, Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched up to 31 Aug 2019. Eight RCTs with 77048 participants were enrolled. Results Direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs) reduced the relative risk of stroke and systemic embolism by 15% (95%CI 0.75-0.97, I2=65.6%) and the major bleeding by 23%(95%CI 0.63-0.95, I2=92.3%,). DOACs or warfarin plus aspirin compared with DOACs or warfarin alone did not show the benefit on stroke and systemic embolism prevent in AF patients, but increase the risk of major bleeding with RR 1.40 (95%CI 1.13-1.75,) and 1.33（95%CI 1.09-1.63）respectively. No differences in preventionof ischemic stroke were detected between OACs versus aspirin in arterial origin stroke. The major bleeding was significantly higher in the OACs group (RR,2.40,1.46-3.94, I2=62.2%). However, compared with aspirin, rivaroxabandid not increase the risk of major bleeding in Branch atheromatous stroke (RR,1.54,95%CI 0.26-9.12). Conclusions We speculatedthat DOACs alone may be enough to prevent stroke recurrence and not to increase the risk of bleeding in AF patients with arterial origin stroke. The well designed RCTs with the direct comparison would be needed in future.
Homology-based prediction of resistance to antituberculous medications using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Dafaalla Mohamed , Abdullah Mohamed Omer Elsadiq , Bakhiet Sahar , Ibrahim Muntasir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to develop a prediction model based on machine learning algortihms to predict the impact of variants on resistance of Mycobacterium. Data was collected from TB Drug Resistance Database (TBDReaMDB), and the drug sensitive variants from GMTV database. We also collected a List of 1115 NsSNPS reported in proteins related to drug resistance to Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol. PMUT online tool was used to generate the features included in the algorithm training. We trained different classifiers using R software on the features generated by PMUT. The classifiers trained are Random Forrest, Boosting prediction, Naive Bayes, Neural networks, k-Nearest Neighbors, Logistic regression, and Linear Discriminant analysis.Results: The 445 variants valid for comparison were divided into training dataset (75%) and testing dataset (25%). We compared the classifiers according to the AUC, accuracy, kappa, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Results show that random forrest is the best classifier (accuracy: 0.9072. Kappa: 0.690, Sensitivity: 1.00, Specificity : 0.5909, Pos-Pred Value : 0.8929, Neg-Pred Value : 1.00, Detection Rate : 0.773). This indicates that Homology-based machine learning algorithms could be a solid base for development of rapid tools for screening of M.TB resistance to medications.
Up-regulation of autophagy by low concentration of salicylic acid delays methyl jasmonate-induced leaf senescence
Authors: Yin Runzhu , Liu Xueyan , Yu Jingfang , Ji Yingbin , Liu Jian , Cheng Lixin , Zhou Jun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Crosstalk between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling plays an important role in molecular regulation of plant senescence. Our previous works found that SA could delay methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced leaf senescence in a concentration-dependent manner. Here, the effect of low concentration of SA (LCSA) application on MeJA-induced leaf senescence was further assessed. High-throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq) results showed that LCSA did not have dominant effects on the genetic regulatory pathways of basal metabolism like nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and glycolysis. The ClusterONE was applied to identify discrete gene modules based on protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Interestingly, an autophagy-related (ATG) module was identified in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that exclusively induced by MeJA together with LCSA. RT-qPCR confirmed that the expression of most of the determined ATG genes were upregulated by LCSA. Remarkably, in contrast to wild type (Col-0), LCSA cannot alleviate the leaf yellowing phenotype in autophagy defective mutants (atg5-1 and atg7-2) upon MeJA treatment. Confocal results showed that LCSA increased the number of autophagic bodies accumulated in the vacuole during MeJA-induced leaf senescence. Collectively, our work revealed up-regulation of autophagy by LCSA as a key regulator to alleviate MeJA-induced leaf senescence.
Spirituality and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Path Analyse Model
Authors: Lima Sara , Teixeira Lurdes , Esteves Raquel , Ribeiro Fátima , Teixeira Ana , Pereira Fernanda , Magalhães Clarisse 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Study older adults’ quality of life is becoming increasingly important in the assessment, quality improvement and allocation of health and social care service. The purpose of this study was to enhance knowledge on the relationship between modifiable (psychological variables) and non-modifiable variables (sociodemographic), and quality of life in elderly, in order to inform social, health and education policies.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, including 604 older adults from general community. 63.6% of the sample was composed by female gender with a mean age of 71.6(SD=4.81). Participants completed the following instruments: Barthel Index to assess functionality; Satisfaction with Social Support Scale to assess social support; The Spiritual and Religious Attitudes in Dealing with Illness to assess spirituality and Short Form Health Survey 36, to assess mental and physical quality of life.Results: A path analysis model was performed where the presence of a chronic disease, age and functionality has a direct effect on physical quality of life and spirituality had a direct effect on mental quality of life. Social support mediated the relationship between functionality and mental quality of life, and in turn, functionality mediated the relationship between age and physical quality of life.Conclusions: Results reinforce the effect of age and chronic disease as non-modifiable variables as well as functionality, spirituality and satisfaction with social support as modifiable variables, in the quality of life of older people. Social support, health and education programs in the community should be promoted in order to improve quality of life in this population. Strategies to promote functionality and enhance the social support network, especially in the elder with chronic illness, should be a priority. Keywords: Quality of life, Social Support, Functionality, Spirituality.
Changes in Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older Chinese Adults and its Predictors: Evidence from a Two-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ye Bo , Chen Hao , Huang Limei , Ruan Ye , Qi Shige , Guo Yanfei , Huang Zhezhou , Sun Shuangyuan , Chen Xiuqin , Shi Yan , Gao Junling , Jiang Yonggen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Understanding the characteristics related to frailty transitions will allow for better future health practice and healthcare strategies. We evaluated the changes in frailty among community-dwelling older adults and to examine the predictors of the changes in frailty.Methods: A total of 4050 community residents aged ≥ 60 years were recruited in 2015 with follow-up after 2 years. At baseline, a multiple deficits approach was used to construct the Frailty Index (FI) according to the methodology of FI construction, and sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles were also collected. The transitions in frailty between baseline and 2-year follow-up were evaluated. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations between predictors and the changes of frailty, adjusting for all of the covariates.Results: Of all of the 3988 participants at baseline, those with frailty status of robust, prefrail, and frail were 79.5%, 16.4%, and 4.1%, and these changed to 68.2%, 23.0%, and 8.8% after 2 years with 127 deceased and 23 dropped out. Twelve kinds of transitions from baseline of the three frailty statuses to four outcomes at follow-up (including death) significantly differed within each of gender and age group, as well between genders and age groups. Among these, 7.8% of prefrail or frail elders improved, 70.0% retained their frailty status, and 22.2% of robust or prefrail elders worsened in frailty status. In multivariable models, age was significantly associated with changes in frailty except for in the frail group; higher educational level and working predicted a lower risk of robust worsening. Of the lifestyle predictors, no shower facilities at home predicted a higher risk of robust worsening; more frequent physical exercise predicted a lower risk of robust worsening and a higher chance of frailty improvement; more frequent neighbor interaction predicted a lower risk of robust worsening and prefrail worsening; and more frequent social participation predicted a higher chance of prefrail improvement.Conclusions: The status of frailty was reversible among community-dwelling elderly, and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were related to changes in frailty. These findings help health practitioners to recognize susceptible individuals in a community and provide health promotional planning to target aged populations.
The effect of thranekron and autograft bone on bone defect healing in rabbit model
Authors: Sharifi Siavash , Bigham-Sadegh Amin , Oryan Ahmad , Alavi Yasmin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Nowadays, bone grafting is used in both human and veterinary orthopedics to stimulate fracture healing, accelerate joint union, and to restore bone defects. In such procedures, orthopedic surgeons are searching to favorable substitute for autograft bone. The present study seeks to investigate the use of this extract in bone defect healing process. 20 native rabbits were divided into 4 groups of five, and bone fragments were removed from their radius bones. In the first group, Theranekron 1mg/kg was injected into bone defect. Normal saline was injected into the same site of the five rabbits in the second group (saline treated controls). As for the third group (the untreated controls), nothing was injected. In the fourth group (autograft group), the removed bone was put in place and muscle and skin were sutured. Post op lateral x-rays were prepared on days 14, 28, 42, and 56. Bone biopsy for histopathological study was performed after 8 weeks. Radiographs and samples were analyzed statistically in terms of union, osteogenesis activity, and bone Remodeling.Results Radiological evaluation showed that autograft group was significantly superior to both untreated and saline treated controls (p=0.02, p=0.04, respectively). Also, Theranekron group proved better than untreated controls (p=0.04). Histopathological evaluation showed terabecular bone and bone marrow formations in Theranekron and also autograft groups. In the untreated and saline treated controls, most part of defect was filled with fibrous tissue.Conclusion Theranekron treated group showed almost similarly to autograft counterpart, but better than normal saline and untreated controls.
Porcine 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein inhibits replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: li huawei , wang ruining , wang wenjia , kang yinfeng , zhao mengmeng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background : Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a serious pathogen that causes $664 million losses per year to the swine industry. There are few useful vaccines that can provide protection against PRRSV infection. 2′, 5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein (OASL) has antiviral activity, this has not been shown for PRRSV and the mechanism is unknown. Methods : Expression of OASL in porcine alveolar macrophages induced by interferon (IFN)-b stimulation and PRRSV infection was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Exogenous expression and knockdown of OASL were used to determine the role of OASL in the PRRSV replication cycle. The type I IFN signaling pathway was evaluated after OASL overexpression. Results : In this study, we found that the expression of OASL in porcine alveolar macrophages was significantly increased by IFN-b stimulation and PRRSV infection. Porcine-OASL-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) promoted PRRSV replication, whereas exogenous expression of porcine OASL inhibited replication of the virus. The anti-PRRSV activity of porcine OASL was lost after knockdown of retinoic acid-inducible gene I ( DDX58 , also known as RIG-I ). Conclusions : Porcine OASL suppresses PRRSV replication.
Betaine attenuates LPS-induced downregulation of Occludin and Claudin-1 and restores intestinal barrier function
Authors: Wu Jingtao , He Caimei , Bu Jie , Luo Yue , Yang Shuyuan , Ye Chengyan , Yu Silei , He Binsheng , Yin Yulong , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The intestinal epithelial barrier, which works as the first line of defense between the intestinal environment and the parasitifer, once destroyed, it will cause serious inflammation or other intestinal diseases. Tight junctions (TJs) play a vital role to maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the most important inflammatory factors will downregulate specific TJ proteins including Occludin and Claudin-1 and impair integrity of the epithelial barrier. Betaine (Bet) has excellent anti-inflammatory activity but whether Bet has any effect on tight junction proteins, particularly on LPS-induced dysfunction of epithelial barriers remains unknown. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were used as an in vitro model, the purpose of this study is to explore the pharmacological effect of Bet on improving intestinal barrier function represented by TJ proteins.Results: The results demonstrated that Bet enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins while LPS（ 1μg /m L）downregulates the expression of these proteins. Furthermore, Bet attenuates LPS-induced decreases of tight junction proteins both shown by WB and RT-PCR. The immunofluorescent images consistently revealed that LPS induced the disruption of tight junction protein Claudin-1 and reduced its expression while Bet could reverse these alterations. Similar protective role of Bet on intestinal barrier function was observed by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) approach. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research demonstrated that Bet attenuated LPS-induced downregulation of Occludin and Claudin-1 and restored the intestinal barrier function.
Small intestinal microbiota and prognosis of infants with ileostomy caused by different primary diseases
Authors: Qian Tian , Zhu Haitao , Zhu Li , Chen Chao , Shen Chun , Zhang Rong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Studies on microbiota characteristics of infants with small intestinal ostomy due to various etiologies are limited. Here, we investigated the intestinal microbiota of neonates with ileostomy due to different primary diseases. Methods: Fifteen patients with necrotizing enterocolitis, eight patients with meconium peritonitis, and seven patients with Hirschsprung's disease were included in the study. The small intestinal microbiota composition in infants with ileostomy caused by different disease was investigated. Results: The microbial diversity in neonatal ileostomy fluid was generally low, dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes members. At the genus levels, the most abundant bacteria were Klebsiella, Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus. Streptococcus and Veillonella were related to carbohydrate metabolism and immunity, and breastfeeding could increase the proportion of these beneficial bacteria. The proportion of Bifidobacterium in the breastfeeding group was higher than that in the non-breastfeeding group, and the incidence of colitis and sepsis was significantly reduced in the breastfeeding group. The increase of body weight in the breastfeeding group was also higher than that in the non-breastfeeding group. Conclusions: Excessive Klebsiella and Escherichia-Shigella and low abundance of Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Faecalibacterium indicated that the small intestinal microbiota was still in an unhealthy state. However, Streptococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Veillonella were commonly found, suggesting that these bacteria might promote the development of immune system after surgeries.
Microbiomes of pathogenic Vibrio species reveal environmental and planktonic associations
Authors: Diner Rachel E. , Rabines Ariel J. , Zheng Hong , Steele Joshua A. , Griffith John F. , Allen Andrew Ellis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Many species of coastal Vibrio spp. bacteria can infect humans, representing an emerging health threat linked to increasing seawater temperatures. Vibrio interactions with the planktonic community impact coastal ecology and human infection potential. In particular, interactions with eukaryotic and photosynthetic organism may provide attachment substrate and critical nutrients (e.g. chitin, phytoplankton exudates) that facilitate the persistence, diversification, and spread of pathogenic Vibrio spp. Vibrio interactions with these organisms in an environmental context are, however, poorly understood.Results We quantified pathogenic Vibrio species, including V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus, and two virulence-associated genes for one year at five coastal sites in Southern California and used metabarcoding to profile associated prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, including vibrio-specific communities. These Vibrio spp. reached high abundances, particularly during Summer months, and inhabited distinct species-specific environmental niches driven by temperature and salinity. Associated bacterial and eukaryotic taxa identified at fine-scale taxonomic resolution revealed genus and species-level relationships. For example, common Thalassiosira genera diatoms capable of exuding chitin were positively associated with V. cholerae and V. vulnificus in a species-specific manner, while the most abundant eukaryotic genus, the diatom Chaetoceros, was positively associated with V. parahaemolyticus. Associations were often linked to shared environmental preferences, and several copepod genera were linked to low-salinity environmental conditions and abundant V. cholerae and V. vulnificus.Conclusions This study clarifies ecological relationships between pathogenic Vibrio spp. and the planktonic community, elucidating new functionally relevant associations, establishing a workflow for examining environmental pathogen microbiomes, and highlighting prospective model systems for future mechanistic studies.
Male castration alters the gut microbiota, leading to increased serum levels of branched-chain amino acids and adiposity
Authors: Whon Tae Woong , Kim Hyun Sik , Shin Na-Ri , Jung Eun Sung , Tak Euon Jung , Sung Hojun , Jung Mi-Ja , Jeong Yun-Seok , Hyun Dong-Wook , Kim Pil Soo , Jang Yu Kyung , Lee Choong Hwan , Bae Jin-Woo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Testosterone deficiency is positively correlated with fat accumulation and obesity-related comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome. Castration of young males is widely used in the cattle industry to improve meat quality. However, the mechanism linking hypogonadism and host metabolism is not clear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of male hypogonadism on the gut microbiota and serum metabolites, and the contribution of the altered microbiota to the host metabolic phenotype during hypogonadism. Results: We used metataxonomic and metabolomic approaches to evaluate the intestinal microbiota and host metabolism in male, castrated male (CtM), and female cattle. We then used a male mouse castration model to evaluate the causative factor(s) that underpin the alteration of the intestinal microbiota and host metabolic phenotype in response to hypogonadism. After pubescence, the CtM cattle harbored distinct ileal microbiota dominated by the family Peptostreptococcaceae, and exhibited distinct serum and muscle amino acid profiles (i.e., highly abundant branched-chain amino acids), with increased extra- and intramuscular fat storage. Castration of male mice phenocopied both the intestinal microbial alterations and obese-prone metabolism observed in cattle. Antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation experiments in a mouse model further revealed that the intestinal microbial alterations associated with hypogonadism are a key contributor to the obese phenotype in the CtM animals. Conclusions: We demonstrated altered gut microbial profiles in the hypogonadal animals, with a negative feedback between the serum testosterone levels and the ileal abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae, and a distinct metabolic phenotype, with an enhanced amino acid metabolism. These findings suggest targeting the gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of both hypogonadism and obesity.