bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global, regional, and national burden of lung cancer and its attributable risk factors, 1990 to 2017
Authors: Wang Ning , Mengersen Kerrie , Tong Shilu , Kimlin Michael , Zhou Maigeng , Hu Wenbiao 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundChina's lung cancer (LC) burden plays a pivotal role in the global cancer epidemic. Comparing LC burden and population attributable fractions (PAFs) of risk factors between China and other countries/regions is essential to inform effective intervention. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study provides a unique opportunity for such comparisons.MethodsWe extracted the number of LC deaths, age‐standardized death rates (ASDRs), age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life‐year (DALY) rates, and PAFs of risk factors for LC deaths between 1990 and 2017 from GBD 2017. The annual percentage change (APC) was used to quantify the trends of LC ASDRs and age‐standardized DALY rates. The relationship between the APC of LC ASDR and Socio‐demographic Index was assessed among China and other countries.ResultsGlobally, the ASDR for LC decreased in men (APC, −0.66% [95% CI, −0.69 to −0.62]) but increased in women (APC, 0.31% [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.36]) from 1990 to 2017. The ASDRs in China increased both for men (APC, 1.12% [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.20]) and women (APC, 0.80% [95% CI, 0.70 to 0.89]). The increased LC death numbers among men (312,798) and women (139,115) in China accounted for 59.39% and 43.01% of global increases. LC years of life lost accounted for the majority of LC DALYs globally and in China. The risk factors with the highest PAFs of LC death in China were smoking and ambient particulate matter. The ASDRs for LC associated with ambient particulate matter in China ranked second globally.ConclusionsThe trends of LC ASDRs and age‐standardized DALY rates and the PAFs of risk factors vary markedly by region, indicating a need for tailored measures to reduce LC burden and improve health equality. China's LC ASDRs are among the highest in the world, and the primary intervention priorities in China should be control of ambient particulate matter and tobacco usage.
Lightweight task offloading exploiting MPI wait times for parallel adaptive mesh refinement
Authors: Samfass Philipp , Weinzierl Tobias , Charrier Dominic E. , Bader Michael 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBalancing the workload of sophisticated simulations is inherently difficult, since we have to balance both computational workload and memory footprint over meshes that can change any time or yield unpredictable cost per mesh entity, while modern supercomputers and their interconnects start to exhibit fluctuating performance. We propose a novel lightweight balancing technique for MPI+X to accompany traditional, prediction‐based load balancing. It is a reactive diffusion approach that uses online measurements of MPI idle time to migrate tasks temporarily from overloaded to underemployed ranks. Tasks are deployed to ranks which otherwise would wait, processed with high priority, and made available to the overloaded ranks again. This migration is nonpersistent. Our approach hijacks idle time to do meaningful work and is totally nonblocking, asynchronous and distributed without a global data view. Tests with a seismic simulation code developed in the ExaHyPE engine uncover the method's potential. We found speed‐ups of up to 2‐3 for ill‐balanced scenarios without logical modifications of the code base and show that the strategy is capable to react quickly to temporarily changing workload or node performance.
Human‐Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture Methods Under cGMP Conditions
Authors: Rivera Teresa , Zhao Yuanyuan , Ni Yuhui , Wang Jiwu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) revolutionized the approach to cell therapy in regenerative medicine. Reprogramming of somatic cells into an embryonic‐like pluripotent state provides an invaluable resource of patient‐specific cells of any lineage. Implementation of procedures and protocols adapted to current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) requirements is critical to ensure robust and consistent high‐quality iPSC manufacturing. The technology developed at Allele Biotechnology for iPSC generation under cGMP conditions is a powerful platform for derivation of pluripotent stem cells through a footprint‐free, feeder‐free, and xeno‐free reprogramming method. The cGMP process established by Allele Biotechnology entails fully cGMP compliant iPSC lines where the entire manufacturing process, from tissue collection, cell reprogramming, cell expansion, cell banking and quality control testing are adopted. Previously, we described in this series of publications how to create iPSCs using mRNA only, and how to do so under cGMP conditions. In this article, we describe in detail how to culture, examine and storage cGMP‐iPSCs using reagents, materials and equipment compliant with cGMP standards. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: iPSC DissociationSupport Protocol 1: Stem cell mediaSupport Protocol 2: ROCK inhibitor preparationSupport Protocol 3: Vitronectin coatingBasic Protocol 2: iPSC CryopreservationBasic Protocol 3: iPSC Thawing
A phylogenetic and trait‐based analysis of community assembly in a subtropical forest in central China
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Swenson Nathan G. , Liu Jianming , Liu Mengting , Qiao Xiujuan , Jiang Mingxi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite several decades of study in community ecology, the relative importance of the ecological processes that determine species co‐occurrence across spatial scales remains uncertain. Some of this uncertainty may be reduced by studying the scale dependency of community assembly in the light of environmental variation. Phylogenetic information and functional trait information are often used to provide potentially valuable insights into the drivers of community assembly. Here, we combined phylogenetic and trait‐based tests to gain insights into community processes at four spatial scales in a large stem‐mapped subtropical forest dynamics plot in central China. We found that all of the six leaf economic traits measured in this study had weak, but significant, phylogenetic signal. Nonrandom phylogenetic and trait‐based patterns associated with topographic variables indicate that deterministic processes tend to dominate community assembly in this plot. Specifically, we found that, on average, co‐occurring species were more phylogenetically and functionally similar than expected throughout the plot at most spatial scales and assemblages of less similar than expected species could only be found on finer spatial scales. In sum, our results suggest that the trait‐based effects on community assembly change with spatial scale in a predictable manner and the association of these patterns with topographic variables, indicates the importance of deterministic processes in community assembly relatively to random processes.
A novel approach for autism spectrum condition patients with eating disorders: Analysis of treatment cost‐savings
Authors: Tchanturia Kate , Dandil Yasemin , Li Zhuo , Smith Katherine , Leslie Monica , Byford Sarah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn the current economic context, it is critical to ensure that eating disorder (ED) treatments are both effective and cost‐effective. We describe the impact of a novel clinical pathway developed to better meet the needs of autistic patients with EDs on the length and cost of hospital admissions.MethodThe pathway was based on the Institute for Healthcare's Model of Improvement methodology, using an iterative Plan, Do, Study, Act format to introduce change and to co‐produce the work with people with lived experience and with healthcare professionals. We explored the change in length and cost of admissions before and after the pathway was introduced.ResultsPreliminary results suggest that the treatment innovations associated with this pathway have led to reduced lengths of admission for patients with the comorbidity, which were not seen for patients without the comorbidity. Estimated cost‐savings were approximately £22,837 per patient and approximately £275,000 per year for the service as a whole.ConclusionGoing forward, our aim is to continue to evaluate the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of investment in the pathway to determine whether the pathway improves the quality of care for patients with a comorbid ED and autism and is good value for money.
LatCrit Theory as a Framework for Social Justice Evaluation: Considerations for Evaluation and Evaluators
Authors: Guajardo Andrea D. , Robles‐Schrader Grisel M. , Aponte‐Soto Lisa , Neubauer Leah C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter introduces the use of Latino Critical Race Theory (LatCrit) as a framework for inciting change through Social Justice Evaluation (Mertens & Wilson, 2012; Neubauer, 2015, 2017). Informed by the foundational work of Valdes (1997) and Solorzano and Yosso (2001), the authors suggest that LatCrit informed evaluation is a transdisciplinary process that links theory with practice, scholarship with evaluation learnings, and our institutions with community, action, and change. The chapter provides an overview of the theory, synthesizes related literature, and describes a guiding framework anchored in four functions of LatCrit, detailing cultural values and methodological implications. A description of evaluator individual and collective critical reflective process ground the chapter to center the value that coauthors place on ideas developed in community through collaborative inquiry.
New copper(II)‐coordinated epoxy‐amine polymers with flame‐self‐extinguishment properties: Elaboration, combustibility testing, and flame propagation rate measuring
Authors: Lavrenyuk Helen , Mykhalichko Borys , Garanyuk Petro , Mykhalichko Oleg 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn the DGEBA ‐ pepa ‐ CuSiF6 system (DGEBA is diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A; pepa is polyethylenepolyamine containing ethylenediamine (eda) and diethylenetriamine (deta)), a new flame retardant‐hardener for epoxy resins in the form of a chelate complex [Cu(eda)(deta)]SiF6 was synthesized and incorporated into the DGEBA to obtain a number of CuSiF6‐containing epoxy‐amine polymers with reduced combustibility and flame‐self‐extinguishment properties. The resulting samples of the DGEBA/pepa‐CuSiF6(I‐V) were characterized using FTIR spectra, combustibility, and flammability tests and the smoke formation factor measurements. The combustibility of the polymer samples were investigated using “Ceramic tube” (CT) method. Results of CT measurement reveal that maximal temperature of gaseous products of combustion for modified epoxy‐amine polymers in comparison with the unmodified epoxy appreciably goes down and weight loss lessen. The flammability of the samples was evaluated by means of UL94 BH and UL94 BV methods. The burning rate of the DGEBA/pepa‐CuSiF6(III) and DGEBA/pepa‐CuSiF6(IV) polymers containing 44 and 66 weight fractions of CuSiF6, respectively, is dramatically reduced compared to that for unmodified epoxy (these samples do not support flame propagation). The rburn. Values for the unmodified epoxy‐amine sample (DGEBA/pepa) is 25.13 mm·min−1.
Development of Vietnamese stock market: Influence of domestic macroeconomic environment and regional markets
Authors: Nasir Muhammad Ali , Shahbaz Muhammad , Mai Trinh Thi , Shubita Moade 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study has analysed the role of the domestic economic environment and regional markets (Thailand, Japan, Hong Kong and China) in explaining the dynamics of Vietnamese stock market. In so doing, we employed a time‐varying structural vector autoregression framework which accounts for time variations (in coefficients as well as in the variance–covariance matrix of innovations) on the data from July 2000 to December 2016. Our key findings suggested that the easing of monetary and credit conditions, stable and stronger currency and economic growth have played a significant and positive role in the development of the stock market in Vietnam. Inflation shocks did have a negative impact which implied that in policy setting the price stability is very important for the financial stability in Vietnam. The Vietnamese stock market is also heavily influenced by the regional markets, as there is strong evidence of co‐movement. However, it was also witnessed that despite having a similar direction of impact and co‐movement, different markets have an influence of different degrees and intensity on the Vietnamese stock market. Lastly, we also witnessed that as compared to the Global Financial Crisis, the recent periods showed comparatively lesser responsiveness. This could be associated with the intensive reaction during the period of financial turmoil as well as with an increase in the stability of the Vietnamese stock market as it matures.
Capital structure revisited. Do crisis and competition matter in a Keiretsu corporate structure?
Authors: Danso Albert , Fosu Samuel , Owusu‐Agyei Samuel , Ntim Collins G. , Adegbite Emmanuel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigate firm‐level determinants of capital structure using a large sample of 4,284 Japanese firms over a 19‐year period (i.e., over 61,000 firm‐year observations), a hitherto less examined sample for this purpose. We conduct our analysis and interpret our findings predominantly within the pecking order, the trade‐off and the agency theoretical frameworks. We uncover three new findings. First, our evidence indicates that insights derived from the extant literature on capital structure are cross‐national and are applicable in the context of Japan, despite the unique characteristics of Japanese firms. Second, financial crisis significantly impacts the relationship between leverage and firm‐level determinants, particularly accentuating the effect of asset tangibility and growth. Third, product market competition significantly impacts the observed relationship between firm‐level determinants and leverage. Our results are robust, controlling for the joint effects of competition and crisis.
Cell membrane‐related toxic responses and disruption of intercellular communication in PCB mechanisms of toxicity: A review
Authors: Murati Teuta , Miletić Marina , Pleadin Jelka , Šimić Branimir , Kmetič Ivana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn understanding of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener‐specific effects on cell membrane and intercellular communication is important within the studies of PCB absorption, organ‐related PCB accumulation and exertion of toxic responses. Toxic potential of PCBs is linked to various deleterious effects on human health, including neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity and, recently in 2016 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has upgraded the classification of PCBs to Group 1 “Carcinogenic to humans.” Proposed mechanisms of aforementioned PCBs adverse effects at cellular membrane level are: (i) downregulation of gap junction intercellular communication and/or connexins; (ii) compromised membrane integrity; and (iii) altered tight junction barrier function. This study, based on an extensive literature survey, shows the progress in scientific research of each of these three levels with the aim of pointing out the earliest toxic events of PCBs, which can result in serious cell/tissue/organ damage.
An ensemble approach of urine sediment image analysis and NMP22 test for detection of bladder cancer cells
Authors: Cho Eun‐Jung , Kwon Bang Chang , Kim Hyunjung , Kyung Lee Hae 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBladder cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the second most common urological cancer in Korean males. Current diagnostic tools for bladder cancer include cystoscopy (an upper tract study), urine cytology, and nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) test. In this study, we evaluated the detection rate of atypical/malignant urothelial cells in urinary sediment images when flagged for positive NMP22 test.MethodsNMP22 was measured by NMP22 BladderChek Test (Abbott Laboratories) and urine chemical and sediment analysis were performed by fully automated cobas 6500 urine analyzer (Roche Diagnostics). Specimens that met the manual microscopic examination (MME) criteria were then subjected to an on‐screen review of images. We subsequently reviewed sediment images and examined under the microscopy for the flagged cases.ResultsOf the 1217 patients, 345 (28.3%) had positive NMP22 results, whereas 872 (71.7%) had negative results. Out of the positive results, 154 (12.7%) were positive and 191 (15.7%) weakly positive for NMP22. Screened review of flagged specimens (ie, positive NMP22 result) with sediment imaging analysis revealed that suspicious urothelial carcinoma cells were detected in only two cases (0.8%). In the NMP22 negative flagged cases, the suspicious neoplastic cells were not found.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the NMP22 test should be added to the flagging criteria for MME to improve diagnostic accuracy. The combination of urine sediment imaging analysis and NMP22 test can significantly assist technicians in the review of specimens.
Early biochemical effects of velmanase alfa in a 7‐month‐old infant with alpha‐mannosidosis
Authors: Santoro Lucia , Zampini Lucia , Padella Lucia , Monachesi Chiara , Zampieri Stefania , Dardis Andrea , Cordiali Rosanna , Galeazzi Tiziana , Catassi Carlo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlpha mannosidosis is an ultrarare pathology with variable phenotypic manifestations, characterized by the deficiency of lysosomal alpha mannosidase which causes accumulation of neutral oligosaccharides. Until recently, the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was the only clinical feasible therapeutic option. Only in 2018, the European Medicines Agency's committee approved the recombinant enzyme velmanase alfa for long‐term treatment of non‐neurological manifestations in mild and moderate forms of alpha‐mannosidosis. In this study, the very early biochemical effects of enzyme replacement therapy in in a 7‐month‐old patient with alpha‐mannosidosis were described. Velmanase alpha was administered as supporting therapy awaiting for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the treatment chosen for the patient because of the early onset form. The results showed that the enzyme replacement therapy was able to reduce the content of three different mannosyl‐oligosaccharides monitored by tandem mass spectrometry after 2 months of treatment. In particular, the mean relative changes from baseline values were −67% in urine and −53% in serum at the latest observation. The study also showed that the enzymatic activity detected in serum 1 week after the first infusion was four times higher than the normal values and constant in the following points of observation. These findings led us to assume that velmanase alfa might be biologically active in this young patient.
Effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma on the degradation of malathion and chlorpyrifos on lettuce
Authors: Cong Laixin , Huang Mingming , Zhang Jianhao , Yan Wenjing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPesticides have been widely used to control pests on agricultural products in China, and large amounts of pesticide residues have caused a serious threat to human health. Thus, developing a high‐efficiency pesticide degradation method for fresh vegetables represents a great challenge. The present study investigated the effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on the degradation of malathion and chlorpyrifos in aqueous solutions and on lettuces.RESULTSDBD treatment significantly degraded malathion and chlorpyrifos in water and on lettuce. After cold plasma treatment at 80 kV for 180 s, the degradation efficiency of malathion (0.5 μg mL−1) and chlorpyrifos (1.0 μg mL−1) in aqueous solutions reached 64.6% and 62.7%, respectively. The degradation intermediates were explored by HPLC‐mass spectrometry and the DBD plasma degradation pathways of malathion and chlorpyrifos were proposed. There was no significant damage to the quality of lettuces, including color and chlorophyll content, after plasma treatment. Ascorbic acid decreased significantly during long‐term treatment with DBD plasma. To ensure the quality of lettuces during processing, the treatment time was shortened to 120 s. Under this condition, the degradation efficiency of malathion (0.5 mg kg−1) and chlorpyrifos (1.0 mg kg−1) on lettuces was found to be 53.1% and 51.4%. More importantly, we noted that cold plasma treatment significantly inactivated the microorganisms on lettuces.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study show that cold plasma is an effective and safe method for the degradation of organic pesticide residues on fresh vegetables at the same time as retaining the original quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Neuroprotective effects of mango cv. ‘Ataulfo’ peel and pulp against oxidative stress in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Cázares‐Camacho Rosario , Domínguez‐Avila J Abraham , Astiazarán‐García Humberto , Montiel‐Herrera Marcelino , González‐Aguilar Gustavo A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes mellitus. Both can damage the brain. Mango and its by‐products are sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. We hypothesized that mango cv. ‘Ataulfo’ peel and pulp mitigate oxidative stress in the brain of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats.RESULTSTwenty‐four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, untreated diabetic (UD), diabetic treated with a mango‐supplemented diet (MTD), and diabetic pretreated with a mango‐supplemented diet (MPD). The rats were fed the different diets for 4 weeks after diabetes induction (MTD), or 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after induction (MPD). After the intervention, serum and brain (cerebellum and cortex) were collected to evaluate gene expression, enzyme activity, and redox biomarkers. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression increased in the cortex of the MTD group, whereas glutathione‐S‐transferase p1 (GSTp1) expression was higher in the cortex of the MTD group, and cortex and cerebellum of the MPD group. SOD1 activity was higher in the cerebellum and cortex of all diabetic groups, whereas GST activity increased in the cerebellum and cortex of the MPD group. Lipid peroxidation increased in the cerebellum and cortex of the UD group; however, a mango‐supplemented diet prevented this increase in both regions, while also mitigating polyphagia and weight loss, and maintaining stable glycemia in diabetic rats.CONCLUSIONWe propose that mango exerts potent neuroprotective properties against diabetes‐induced oxidative stress. It can be an alternative to prevent and treat biochemical alterations caused by diabetes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry