bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing cultural and linguistic diversity in child health research in Australia
Authors: Rahim Razlyn Abdul , Pilkington Rhiannon , D’Onise Katina , Lynch John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe concept of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) populations is unique to Australia. It was introduced in 1996 and is intended to refer to ethno-cultural groups that are neither Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander nor considered from mainstream English-speaking Anglo-Celtic backgrounds. CALD children have been identified as a priority population by the Australian government because they may experience inequities in health outcomes compared to Anglo-Australian children. Inequities in the health and wellbeing of CALD children are driven by myriad processes including racial discrimination, socioeconomic disadvantage, and limited access to health services. But who are CALD children? Despite the availability of statistical standards for data collection on CALD characteristics such as country of birth and language spoken, the concept itself lacks an official operational definition. Applying definitions specified by various organisations to data from the 2016 Australian Census, the estimated proportion of CALD children ranged from 11% to 44% of Australian children aged 0 to 17 years. There are few published studies on CALD children in Australian child health research, with most studies focused on refugees. There is no consensus on how CALD is defined in child health research in Australia. We propose several considerations in the use of the CALD concept in child health research. This includes adhering to the Australian Bureau of Statistics standards on Cultural and Linguistic Diversity, use of multiple indicators to identify CALD, and acknowledging the significant heterogeneity of CALD communities which may contribute to observed differences in health. If we are to advance health and well-being equity for CALD children, we need a more carefully considered and consistent approach to understanding which children are CALD.
Ecological theory of mutualism: Models generalizing across different mechanisms
Authors: Hale Kayla R. S. , Maes Daniel P. , Valdovinos Fernanda S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMutualisms are ubiquitous in nature, provide important ecosystem services, and involve many species of interest for conservation. Theoretical progress on the population dynamics of mutualistic interactions, however, has comparatively lagged behind that of trophic and competitive interactions. Consequently, ecologists still lack a generalized framework to investigate the population dynamics of mutualisms. Here, we propose extensible models for two-species mutualisms focusing on nutritional, protection, and transportation mechanisms and evaluate the population-level consequences of those mechanisms. We introduce a novel theoretical framework that highlights characteristic dynamics when the effects of mutualism are directly dependent or independent of recipient density and when they saturate due to inter- or intra-specific density-dependence. We end by integrating our work into the broader historical context of population-dynamic models of mutualism and conclude that a general ecological theory of mutualism exists.
Comparison of the in vitro-efficacy of different mouthwash solutions targeting SARS-CoV-2 based on the European Standard EN 14476
Authors: Steinhauer Katrin , Meister Toni Luise , Todt Daniel , Krawczyk Adalbert , Paßvogel Lars , Becker Britta , Paulmann Dajana , Bischoff Birte , Pfaender Stephanie , Brill Florian H H , Steinmann Eike 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe SARS-Cov-2 pandemic is triggering a global health emergency alert, and recent research is indicating the relevance of aerosols in the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in this study antiseptic mouthwashes based on the actives chlorhexidine (CHX) and octenidine (OCT) were investigated regarding their efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 using EN 14476. Based on the requirement of EN 14476 (i.e. reduction of viral titer by ≥ 4 log 10), the OCT-based formulation was effective within only 15 sec against SARS-CoV-2, and thus constitutes an interesting candidate for future clinical studies to prove its effectiveness in a potential prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols.
Outcomes evaluated in controlled clinical trials on the management of COVID-19: A methodological systematic review
Authors: Mathioudakis Alexander G. , Fally Markus , Hashad Rola , Kouta Ahmed , Hadi Ali Sina , Knight Sean Blandin , Bakerly Nawar Diar , Singh Dave , Williamson Paula R. , Felton Timothy , Vestbo Jørgen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is crucial that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) evaluate the outcomes that are critical to patients and clinicians, to facilitate relevance, interpretability, and comparability.This methodological systematic review describes the outcomes evaluated in 415 RCTs on the management of COVID-19, that were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, by 5/5/2020.Significant heterogeneity was observed in the selection of outcomes and the instruments used to measure them. Mortality, adverse events and treatment success or failure are only evaluated in 64.4%, 48.4% and 43% of the included studies, respectively, while other outcomes are selected less often. Studies focusing on more severe presentations (hospitalized patients or requiring intensive care) most frequently evaluate mortality and adverse events, while hospital admission and viral detection/load are most frequently assessed in the community setting. Outcome measurement instruments are poorly reported and heterogeneous. In general, simple instruments that can control for important sources of bias are favoured. Follow-up does not exceed one month in 64.3% of these earlier trials, and long-term COVID-19 burden is rarely assessed.The methodological issues identified could delay the introduction of potentially life-saving treatments in clinical practice. Our findings demonstrate the need for consensus in the design of RCTs.Take home message@ERSpublications: This systematic review describes the heterogeneity in outcomes evaluated in 415 RCTs on COVID-19 management and the instruments used to measure them. Our findings reveal a need for consensus in the design of future RCTs.
Speech cortical activation and connectivity in typically developing children and those with listening difficulties
Authors: Stewart Hannah J. , Cash Erin K. , Hunter Lisa L. , Maloney Thomas , Vannest Jennifer , Moore David R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractListening difficulties (LiD) in people who have normal audiometry are a widespread but poorly understood form of hearing impairment. Recent research suggests that childhood LiD are cognitive rather than auditory in origin. We examined decoding of sentences using a novel combination of behavioral testing and fMRI with 43 typically developing children and 42 age matched (6-13 years old) children with LiD, categorized by caregiver report (ECLiPS). Both groups had clinically normal hearing. For sentence listening tasks, we found no group differences in fMRI brain cortical activation by increasingly complex speech stimuli that progressed in emphasis from phonology to intelligibility to semantics. Using resting state fMRI, we examined the temporal connectivity of cortical auditory and related speech perception networks. We found significant group differences only in cortical connections engaged when processing more complex speech stimuli. The strength of the affected connections was related to the children’s performance on tests of dichotic listening, speech-in-noise, attention, memory and verbal vocabulary. Together, these results support the novel hypothesis that childhood LiD reflects difficulties in language rather than in auditory or phonological processing.
Lung transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis secondary to severe COVID-19
Authors: Bharat Ankit , Querrey Melissa , Markov Nikolay S. , Kim Samuel , Kurihara Chitaru , Garza-Castillon Rafael , Manerikar Adwaiy , Shilatifard Ali , Tomic Rade , Politanska Yuliya , Abdala-Valencia Hiam , Yeldandi Anjana V. , Lomasney Jon W. , Misharin Alexander V. , Budinger G.R. Scott 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTLung transplantation can potentially be a life-saving treatment for patients with non-resolving COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome. Concerns limiting transplant include recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the allograft, technical challenges imposed by viral-mediated injury to the native lung, and potential risk for allograft infection by pathogens associated with ventilator-induced pneumonia in the native lung. Additionally, the native lung might recover, resulting in long-term outcomes preferable to transplant. Here, we report the results of the first two successful lung transplantation procedures in patients with non-resolving COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome in the United States. We performed smFISH to detect both positive and negative strands of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the explanted lung tissue, extracellular matrix imaging using SHIELD tissue clearance, and single cell RNA-Seq on explant and warm post-mortem lung biopsies from patients who died from severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Lungs from patients with prolonged COVID-19 were free of virus but pathology showed extensive evidence of injury and fibrosis which resembled end-stage pulmonary fibrosis. Single cell RNA-Seq of the explanted native lungs from transplant and paired warm post-mortem autopsies showed similarities between late SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome and irreversible end-stage pulmonary fibrosis requiring lung transplantation. There was no recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 or pathogens associated with pre-transplant ventilator associated pneumonias following transplantation in either patient. Our findings suggest that some patients with severe COVID-19 develop fibrotic lung disease for which lung transplantation is the only option for survival.Single sentence summarySome patients with severe COVID-19 develop end-stage pulmonary fibrosis for which lung transplantation may be the only treatment.
Clinical Course and Outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Rheumatic Disease Patients on Immunosuppression: A case Cohort Study at a Single Center with a Significantly Diverse Population
Authors: Arleo Timothy , Tong David , Shabto Julie , O’Keefe Ghazala , Khosroshahi Arezou 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine clinical course and outcomes in rheumatic disease patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and compare results to uninfected patients.MethodsWe conducted a case cohort study of autoimmune disease patients with COVID-19 (confirmed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 PCR) from 02/01/2020 to 07/31/2020 and compared them in a 1:3 ratio with uninfected patients who were matched based on race, age, sex, and comorbidity index. Patient demographics, clinical course, and outcomes were compared among these patient groups.ResultsA total of 70 rheumatic disease patients with COVID-19 (mean age, 56.6 years; 64% African American) were identified. The 34 (49%) patients who were hospitalized used oral glucocorticoids more frequently (p<0.01). All 10 patients on anti-TNFα medications were treated as outpatients (p<0.01). Those hospitalized with COVID-19 more often required ICU admission (17 (50%) vs 27 (26%), OR=2.78 (95% CI: 1.24 to 6.20)) and intubation (10 (29%) vs 6 (6%), OR=6.67 (95% CI: 2.20 to 20.16)) than uninfected patients. They also had higher mortality rates (6 (18%) vs 3 (3%), OR=7.21 (95% CI: 1.70 to 30.69)). Of the six COVID-19 patients who died, one was of African ancestry (p=0.03).ConclusionsRheumatic disease patients infected with COVID-19 were more likely to require ICU admission, ventilation, and died more frequently versus uninfected patients with autoimmune disease. Patients on anti-TNFα medications were hospitalized less frequently while those on chronic glucocorticoids were hospitalized more frequently. These findings have important implications for medication choice in rheumatic disease patients during the ongoing spread of COVID-19.
Effects of New York’s Executive Order on Face Mask Use on COVID-19 Infections and Mortality: A Modeling Study
Authors: Shen Mingwang , Zu Jian , Fairley Christopher K. , Pagán José A. , Ferket Bart , Liu Bian , Yi Stella S. , Chambers Earle , Li Guoqiang , Guo Yuming , Rong Libin , Xiao Yanni , Zhuang Guihua , Zebrowski Alexis , Carr Brendan G. , Li Yan , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundNew York City (NYC) was the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. On April 17, 2020, the State of New York implemented an Executive Order that requires all people in New York to wear a face mask or covering in public settings where social distancing cannot be maintained. It is unclear how this Executive Order has affected the spread of COVID-19 in NYC.MethodsA dynamic compartmental model of COVID-19 transmission among NYC residents was developed to assess the effect of the Executive Order on face mask use on infections and deaths due to COVID-19 in NYC. Data on daily and cumulative COVID-19 infections and deaths were obtained from the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.ResultsThe Executive Order on face mask use is estimated to avert 99,517 (95% CIs: 72,723-126,312) COVID-19 infections and 7,978 (5,692-10,265) deaths in NYC. If the Executive Order was implemented one week earlier (on April 10), the averted infections and deaths would be 111,475 (81,593-141,356) and 9,017 (6,446-11,589), respectively. If the Executive Order was implemented two weeks earlier (on April 3 when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended face mask use), the averted infections and deaths would be 128,598 (94,373-162,824) and 10,515 (7,540-13,489), respectively.ConclusionsNew York’s Executive Order on face mask use is projected to have significantly reduced the spread of COVID-19 in NYC. Implementing the Executive Order at an earlier date would avert even more COVID-19 infections and deaths.
PREVALENCE OF MOLECULAR AND SEROLOGICAL TESTS OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS (SARS-CoV-2) IN CARLOS CHAGAS-SABIN LABORATORIES IN CUIABÁ
Authors: de Paula Cristiane Coimbra , Passos João Pedro Castoldo , Shimoya-Bittencour Walkiria , de Lamare Caroline Aquino Vieira , de Oliveira Ruberlei Godinho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCOVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), became a pandemic in 2020 with mortality rate of 2% and high transmissibility, which makes studies with an epidemiological profile essential.OBJECTIVESTo characterize the population that performed the SARS-CoV-2 molecular and serological tests in Carlos Chagas-Sabin laboratories in Cuiabá.METHODSA retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with all the samples collected from nasal swab tested by RT-PCR and serological for SARM-CoV-2 IgM / IgG from the population served between April and July 2020.FINDINGSIn the analyzed period, 11,113 PCR-Covid-19 exams were registered. Of this total of cases, 3,912 (35.20%) tested positive, while 6,889 (61.90%) did not detect viral RNA and 312 (2.80%) of the visits resulted as undetermined. The peak of positive RT-PCR performed in July (n = 5878), with 35.65% (n = 2096). A total of 6,392 tests performed on SOROVID-19, with a peak of 1161 (18.16%) of the positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 in July.MAIN CONCLUSIONSMolecular positivity and serological tests, both peaked in July 2020, were mostly present in women aged 20-39, characterizing Cuiabá as the epicenter of the Midwest region in this period due to the high rate of transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2.
Opioid Prescribing During Delivery Hospitalization Associated with Increased Postpartum Emergency Department Utilization
Authors: Bagwell Adams Grace , Yarbrough Courtney R. , Harris Samantha J. , Abraham Amanda J. 
Published: October 2020

Structured AbstractBackgroundEmpirical evidence shows postpartum women are prescribed opioids at high rates following both cesarean and vaginal delivery. Beyond this, little is known about opioid prescribing to postpartum mothers following delivery hospitalization and the resulting impacts for maternal health. Postpartum women may be particularly vulnerable to adverse health effects from inappropriate prescribing.ObjectivesThis study examines the effects of postpartum opioid prescribing on emergency department (ED) utilization, controlling for delivery type and other maternal characteristics.Study DesignWe conduct a retrospective cohort study using 2008-2016 data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).ResultsWe find 31% of women received a new opioid prescription following delivery, and that receipt of an opioid prescription following delivery hospitalization is associated with a 67% increase in the odds of an ED visit.ConclusionThis study is one of the first to test the relationship between opioid prescribing and healthcare utilization among this population, contributing critical information to our understanding of implications for opioid prescribing after childbirth for postpartum women.
Development of Multiplexed RT-LAMP for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Viral RNA
Authors: Zhang Yinhua , Tanner Nathan A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the utility of widespread molecular testing for surveillance and diagnostic detection of SARS-CoV-2. Reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) has enabled testing outside of the standard clinical laboratory PCR infrastructure, with simple and rapid tests supplementing the existing, standard methods. However, current LAMP tests have detected single targets and required separate reactions for controls or multiple targets. As flu season arrives in the Northern Hemisphere the ability to screen for multiple viral targets will be increasingly important, and the ability to include internal control assays in the RT-LAMP test allows for decreased resource use and increased throughput. Here we describe a multiplexing approach to RT-LAMP with four targets (SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A, Influenza B, and internal control human RNA) in a single reaction using real-time and endpoint fluorescence detection. This increase to the functionality of RT-LAMP will, we hope, enable even broader adoption of this power molecular testing approach to aid in the global fight against this continuing public health threat.
Epigenetic mechanisms mediating cell state transitions in chondrocytes
Authors: Wuelling Manuela , Neu Christoph , Thiesen Andrea M. , Kitanovski Simo , Cao Yingying , Lange Anja , Westendorf Astrid M. , Hoffmann Daniel , Vortkamp Andrea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpigenetic modifications play critical roles in regulating cell lineage differentiation, but the epigenetic mechanisms guiding specific differentiation steps within a cell lineage have rarely been investigated. To decipher such mechanisms, we used the defined transition from proliferating (PC) into hypertrophic chondrocytes (HC) during endochondral ossification as a model. We established a map of activating and repressive histone modifications for each cell type. ChromHMM state transition analysis and Pareto-based integration of differential levels of mRNA and epigenetic marks revealed that differentiation associated gene repression is initiated by the addition of H3K27me3 to promoters still carrying substantial levels of activating marks. Moreover, the integrative analysis identified genes specifically expressed in cells undergoing the transition into hypertrophy.Investigation of enhancer profiles detected surprising differences in enhancer number, location, and transcription factor binding sites between the two closely related cell types. Furthermore, cell type-specific upregulation of gene expression was associated with a shift from low to high H3K27ac decoration. Pathway analysis identified PC-specific enhancers associated with chondrogenic genes, while HC-specific enhancers mainly control metabolic pathways linking epigenetic signature to biological functions.
Phylum barrier andEscherichia coliintra-species phylogeny drive the acquisition of resistome inE. coli
Authors: Petitjean Marie , Condamine Bénédicte , Denamur Erick , Ruppé Etienne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEscherichia coliis a ubiquitous bacterium that has widely been exposed to antibiotics over the last 70 years. It has adapted by acquiring different antibiotic resistance genes (ARG), which we aim at characterizing the census here. To do so, we analysed 70,301E. coligenomes obtained from the EnteroBase database and detected 1,027,651 ARG using the AMRFinder, Mustard and ResfinderFG ARG databases. We observed a strong phylogroup/clonal lineage specific distribution of some ARG, arguing for epistasis between ARG and the strain genetic background. However, each phylogroup had ARG conferring a similar resistance pattern, indicating phenotypic convergence. The GC content or the type of ARG was not associated to the frequency of the ARG in the database. Besides, we identified ARG from anaerobic, non-Proteobacteria bacteria in four genomes ofE. colisupporting that the transfer between anaerobic bacteria andE. colican spontaneously occur but remain exceptional. In conclusion, we showed that phylum barrier and intra-species phylogenetic history are major drivers of the acquisition of resistome inE. coli.
Loss of erythroblasts in acute myeloid leukemia causes iron redistribution with clinical implications
Authors: Lopes Marta , Duarte Tiago L. , Teles Maria J. , Mosteo Laura , Chacim Sérgio , Aguiar Eliana , Pereira-Reis Joana , Oliveira Mónica , Silva André M. N. , Gonçalves Nuno , Martins Gabriela , Kong Isabella Y , Zethoven Magnus , Vervoort Stephin , Martins Sandra , Quintela Miguel , Hawkins Edwin D , Trigo Fernanda , Guimarães João T , Mariz José M , Porto Graça , Duarte Delfim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis and limited treatment strategies. Determining the role of cell-extrinsic regulators of leukemic cells is vital to gain clinical insights into the biology of AML. Iron is a key extrinsic regulator of cancer but its systemic regulation remains poorly explored in AML. To address this question, we studied iron metabolism in AML patients at diagnosis and mechanisms involved using the syngeneic MLL-AF9-induced AML mouse model. We found that AML is a disorder with a unique iron profile not associated with inflammation or transfusion and characterized by high ferritin, low transferrin, high transferrin saturation (TSAT), and high hepcidin. The increased TSAT in particular, contrasts with observations in other cancer types and in anemia of inflammation. Using the MLL-AF9 mouse model of AML, we demonstrated that leukemic blasts take up iron and that the AML-induced loss of erythroblasts is responsible for iron redistribution and an increase in TSAT. We also show that elevated TSAT at diagnosis is independently associated with increased overall survival in AML and suggest that TSAT may be a relevant prognostic marker in AML.