bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existing protected areas provide a poor safety‐net for threatened Amazonian fish species
Authors: Dagosta Fernando C. P. , de Pinna Mário , Peres Carlos A. , Tagliacollo Victor A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems represent less than 0.01% of Earth's surface water but proportionately encompass the most species‐rich environment on the planet, including nearly one‐third of all vertebrate species. Even though inland continental waters are widely regarded as highly endangered ecosystems, their species assemblages are mostly ignored in conservation plans, largely because spatial patterns of freshwater species remain poorly understood. This is particularly severe throughout the Neotropics, most notably in the Amazon superbasin, where the sheer biotic diversity is coupled with a severe lack of biodiversity knowledge at several levels.Spatial patterns of Neotropical freshwater fishes focusing mainly on the Amazon superbasin were investigated. First, Endemic Amazonian Fish Areas (EAFAs) representing central units for the conservation of continental fishes were delimited. Interpolated maps were then analysed using alternative methodologies to delimit spatial patterns of diversity and endemicity across the Amazon superbasin. Several biogeographical analyses used a comprehensive dataset of species and geographical coordinates of Amazonian fishes.The results reveal well‐defined spatial patterns of species richness and endemicity in the Amazonian fish fauna, showing that most protected areas are concentrated in a single bioregion (Amazon lowlands). Those areas are incongruent and insufficient to protect endemic and threatened species, which are mostly distributed in upland regions.Effective conservation of the Amazonian fish fauna should include EAFAs within protected areas, especially those undergoing deforestation and hydropower development pressure and containing a high concentration of threatened species.The following EAFAs should be considered as conservation priorities: Upper Araguaia, Upper Tocantins, Lower Teles Pires/Serra do Cachimbo, Chapada dos Parecis and Upper Marañon. These regions should be urgently protected to avert the loss of important trophic relationships and unique elements of the Amazonian fish fauna.
Construction and analysis of the protein–protein interaction network for the olfactory system of the silkworm Bombyx mori
Authors: Xin Shanghong , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOlfaction plays an essential role in feeding and information exchange in insects. Previous studies on the olfaction of silkworms have provided a wealth of information about genes and proteins, yet, most studies have only focused on a single gene or protein related to the insect's olfaction. The aim of the current study is to determine key proteins in the olfactory system of the silkworm, and further understand protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in the olfactory system of Lepidoptera. To achieve this goal, we integrated Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and network analyses. Furthermore, we selected 585 olfactory‐related proteins and constructed a (PPI) network for the olfactory system of the silkworm. Network analysis led to the identification of several key proteins, including GSTz1, LOC733095, BGIBMGA002169‐TA, BGIBMGA010939‐TA, GSTs2, GSTd2, Or‐2, and BGIBMGA013255‐TA. A comprehensive evaluation of the proteins showed that glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) had the highest ranking. GSTs also had the highest enrichment levels in GO and KEGG. In conclusion, our analysis showed that key nodes in the biological network had a significant impact on the network, and the key proteins identified via network analysis could serve as new research targets to determine their functions in olfaction.
Explicit diversification of search results across multiple dimensions for educational search
Authors: Yigit‐Sert Sevgi , Altingovde Ismail Sengor , Macdonald Craig , Ounis Iadh , Ulusoy Özgür 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMaking use of search systems to foster learning is an emerging research trend known as search as learning. Earlier works identified result diversification as a useful technique to support learning‐oriented search, since diversification ensures a comprehensive coverage of various aspects of the queried topic in the result list. Inspired by this finding, first we define a new research problem, multidimensional result diversification, in the context of educational search. We argue that in a search engine for the education domain, it is necessary to diversify results across multiple dimensions, that is, not only for the topical aspects covered by the retrieved documents, but also for other dimensions, such as the type of the document (e.g., text, video, etc.) or its intellectual level (say, for beginners/experts). Second, we propose a framework that extends the probabilistic and supervised diversification methods to take into account the coverage of such multiple dimensions. We demonstrate its effectiveness upon a newly developed test collection based on a real‐life educational search engine. Thorough experiments based on gathered relevance annotations reveal that the proposed framework outperforms the baseline by up to 2.4%. An alternative evaluation utilizing user clicks also yields improvements of up to 2% w.r.t. various metrics.
Recent Progress on Defect‐rich Transition Metal Oxides and Their Energy‐Related Applications
Authors: Wang Yanzhi , Liang Zuozhong , Zheng Haoquan , Cao Rui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe applications of many energy‐related electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices are changing with each passing day. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are the key steps in the commercial application of these energy conversion/storage equipment. Defect‐rich transition metal oxides (TMOs), such as Co, Mn, Fe, Ni, etc., have always been one of the most promising electrocatalysts, which are cheap, easy to obtain, high in catalytic activity and stable during electrocatalysis. In this review, we first introduce the definition, classification, characteristics, and construction of defects. Then, the latest developments of defect‐rich TMO electrocatalysts in electrocatalysis and energy conversion storage device is summarized. Furthermore, the relationship between defects and activity and the potential mechanism are also discussed. The defects in defect‐rich TMOs can adjust the surface/interface electronic structure of the electrocatalyst, change the adsorption energy of the intermediate product, or increase the intrinsic catalytic activity of active sites, which are beneficial for enhanced catalytic performance. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of defect‐rich TMO electrocatalysts are proposed. Therefore, the introduction of defects in TMO will be a potential strategy for the rational design of high‐performance electrocatalysts in the future.
Recent Progress on Nanostructured Layered Double Hydroxides for Visible‐Light‐Induced Photoreduction of CO2
Authors: Tan Ling , Wang Zelin , Zhao Yufei , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhotoreduction of CO2 into solar fuels is usually regarded as one of the promising solutions to overcome environmental pollution and the energy crisis. The main challenge in CO2 photoreduction (CO2PR) is the low efficiency and poor selectivity. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of 2D materials, consisting with M(OH)6 octahedra in the host layers and intercalated anions. Owing to the tuneable composition, particle size, morphology, and virtue coordinatively unsaturated active sites, a series of efficient strategies (morphology control, heterostructure, defect control, etc.) in LDH‐based photocatalysts have been efficiently developed to enhance the photocatalytic selectivity and activity for CO2PR. This review summarizes recent progress on the LDH‐based photocatalysts for CO2PR.
Prespecified‐time distributed synchronization of Lur'e networks with smooth controllers
Authors: Shao Shao , Cao Jinde , Hu Yuanfa , Liu Xiaoyang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInstead of estimating the upper bound of the settling time in traditional finite‐time control methods, this paper considers the prespecified‐time synchronization of Lur'e networks, in which the settling time can be preset according to the requirement of tasks. Some smooth controllers are designed to achieve the goal of synchronization in a prespecified time and to maintain the synchronization after that. In addition, without the help of signum function or fractional power state feedback, the proposed control protocols are based on regular feedback and are smooth everywhere. Finally, two numerical examples with Chua's circuits are carried out to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed designs.
Coordinating multiple mobile robots for obstacle avoidance using cloud computing
Authors: Song Kai‐Tai , Sun Yu‐Xuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study presents a motion planning method for coordinating multiple mobile robots for collision‐free navigation. A control architecture that uses cloud computing is proposed for the acquisition of real‐time robotic data and to coordinate multiple robots in an unstructured environment. The system consists of collision‐free path planning for multiple robots, obstacle avoidance, and navigation control. The path planning method was developed based on the optimal reciprocal collision avoidance (ORCA) algorithm to generate a velocity set of each robot in the system. A laser scanner is used to detect obstacles for each robot. Appropriate obstacle avoidance behaviors are generated using sensory information. A behavior‐fusion control scheme combines obstacle avoidance and collision‐free path planning to coordinate multiple robots. The proposed anti‐collision motion planning method for multiple robots prevents collisions with unexpected obstacles and with other robots in the environment. The experimental results show that multiple mobile robots can navigate to targets that are assigned by the cloud server without colliding with other robots, regardless of whether there are unexpected static or dynamic obstacles in the environment.
Purification of the phytase enzyme fromLactobacillus plantarum: The effect on pansy growth and macro–micro element content
Authors: Karagöz Fazilet Parlakova , Demir Yeliz , Kotan Merve Şenol , Dursun Atilla , Beydemir Şükrü , Dikbaş Neslihan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present study, the phytase enzyme was purified fromLactobacillus plantarumwith a 3.08% recovery, 9.57‐purification fold, and with a specific activity of 278.82 EU/mg protein. Then, the effects of the 5 EU and 10 EU purified phytase was determined on the plant growth, quality, the macro–micro nutrient content of pansy (Viola×wittrockiana), which is of great importance in ornamental plants industry. The research was established under greenhouse conditions with natural light in 2017. The pansy seeds were coated with phytase enzyme solution, sown in a peat environment, and transferred to pots at the seedling period. In general, the 5 EU and 10 EU applications increase plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the number of side branches per plant, and flower height parameters compared to control. Also, micro‐ and macronutrient values in soil and plant samples were examined. According to the results, the phytase application on pansy cultivation positively affected the properties and yielded high quality of plants.
Projektbericht – Seilnetzbrücke über die Donau bei Inzigkofen
Authors: Käpplein Saskia , Scheible Mario , Breinlinger Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie Planungsaufgabe bestand darin, eine besondere Brücke für den kurfürstlichen Park in Inzigkofen mit seiner spannenden Historie zu entwerfen – eine „Donauperle“ in einer besonderen Umgebung. Transparenz, Alleinstellung und Erlebnis waren hierbei die Entwurfskriterien. Entstanden ist eine Seilnetzbrücke, die sich wie ein Spinnennetz über den Fluss spannt und auf dessen „Fäden“ ein „Grashalm“ in Form einer Gehfläche liegt. Im Rahmen der Formfindung bestand für die neben der 1 m breiten Gehfläche angeordneten Tragseile die Schwierigkeit, diese Seile so vorzuspannen, dass sie sich an der Abtragung der Vertikallasten angemessen beteiligen. Durch die gewählte Geometrie und die entsprechend ausgelegte Vorspannung wird der Steg zum „bewegenden“ Erlebnis.
A review of recent developments based on chemiluminescence detection systems for pesticides analysis
Authors: Al Yahyai Iman , Al‐Lawati Haider A.J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChemiluminescence is one of the most coveted methods for sensitive determination of pesticides in food and environmental samples. To date, many methods have been developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of pesticides, ranging from traditional to advanced methods. This study outlines the progress in the conventional and advanced analytical methods, coupled to a chemiluminescence detection system, that are employed for the determination of pesticides in food and environmental samples. Different analytical methods including chromatographic methods, flow‐based systems, and paper‐based systems are reviewed in this paper. As well, new advances in the application of nanomaterials, aptamer, and molecularly imprinted polymers are highlighted. We also address the challenges and difficulties associated with these methods. Finally, we highlight the future direction in this active field of research.
Inhibition of E. coli Host RNA Polymerase Allows Efficient Extracellular Recombinant Protein Production by Enhancing Outer Membrane Leakiness
Authors: Kastenhofer Jens , Rettenbacher Lukas , Feuchtenhofer Lukas , Mairhofer Juergen , Spadiut Oliver 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the growing interest in continuous cultivation of Escherichia coli, secretion of product to the medium is not only a benefit, but a necessity in future bioprocessing. In this study, it is shown that induced decoupling of growth and heterologous gene expression in the E. coli X‐press strain (derived from BL21(DE3)) facilitates extracellular recombinant protein production. The effect of the process parameters temperature and specific glucose consumption rate (qS) on growth, productivity, lysis and leakiness, is investigated, to find the parameter space allowing extracellular protein production. Two model proteins are used, Protein A (SpA) and a heavy‐chain single‐domain antibody (VHH), and performance is compared to the industrial standard strain BL21(DE3). It is shown that inducible growth repression in the X‐press strain greatly mitigates the effect of metabolic burden under different process conditions. Furthermore, temperature and qS are used to control productivity and leakiness. In the X‐press strain, extracellular SpA and VHH titer reach up to 349 and 19.6 mg g−1, respectively, comprising up to 90% of the total soluble product, while keeping cell lysis at a minimum. The findings demonstrate that the X‐press strain constitutes a valuable host for extracellular production of recombinant protein with E. coli.
New soluble angiopoietin analog of Hepta‐ANG1 prevents pathological vascular leakage
Authors: Liu Pan , Ryczko Michael , Xie Xinfang , Baardsnes Jason , Lord‐Dufour Simon , Duroche Yves , Hicks Emily Anne , Taiyab Aftab , Sheardown Heather , Quaggin Susan E. , Jin Jing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVascular leak is a key driver of organ injury in diseases, and strategies that reduce enhanced permeability and vascular inflammation are promising therapeutic targets. Activation of the angiopoietin‐1 (ANG1)‐Tie2 tyrosine kinase signaling pathway is an important regulator of vascular quiescence. Here we describe the design and construction of a new soluble ANG1 mimetic that is a potent activator of endothelial Tie2 in vitro and in vivo. Using a chimeric fusion strategy, we replaced the extracellular matrix (ECM) binding and oligomerization domain of ANG1 with a heptameric scaffold derived from the C‐terminus of serum complement protein C4‐binding protein α. We refer to this new fusion protein biologic as Hepta‐ANG1, which forms a stable heptamer and induces Tie2 phosphorylation in cultured cells, and in the lung following intravenous injection of mice. Injection of Hepta‐ANG1 ameliorates vascular endothelial growth factor‐ and lipopolysaccharide‐induced vascular leakage, in keeping with the known functions of Angpt1‐Tie2 in maintaining quiescent vascular stability. The new Hepta‐ANG1 fusion is easy to produce and displays remarkable stability with high multimericity that can potently activate Tie2. It could be a new candidate ANG1 mimetic therapy for treatments of inflammatory vascular leak, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis.
European guidelines from the EHTG and ESCP for Lynch syndrome: an updated third edition of the Mallorca guidelines based on gene and gender
Authors: Seppälä T T , Latchford A , Negoi I , Sampaio Soares A , Jimenez-Rodriguez R , Sánchez-Guillén L , Evans D G , Ryan N , Crosbie E J , Dominguez-Valentin M , Burn J , Kloor M , Knebel Doeberitz M von , Duijnhoven F J B van , Quirke P , Sampson J R , Møller P , Möslein G ,   the European Hereditary Tumour Group (EHTG) and European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP)
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Lynch syndrome is the most common genetic predisposition for hereditary cancer but remains underdiagnosed. Large prospective observational studies have recently increased understanding of the effectiveness of colonoscopic surveillance and the heterogeneity of cancer risk between genotypes. The need for gene- and gender-specific guidelines has been acknowledged.

Methods
The European Hereditary Tumour Group (EHTG) and European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) developed a multidisciplinary working group consisting of surgeons, clinical and molecular geneticists, pathologists, epidemiologists, gastroenterologists, and patient representation to conduct a graded evidence review. The previous Mallorca guideline format was used to revise the clinical guidance. Consensus for the guidance statements was acquired by three Delphi voting rounds.

Results
Recommendations for clinical and molecular identification of Lynch syndrome, surgical and endoscopic management of Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal cancer, and preventive measures for cancer were produced. The emphasis was on surgical and gastroenterological aspects of the cancer spectrum. Manchester consensus guidelines for gynaecological management were endorsed. Executive and layperson summaries were provided.

Conclusion
The recommendations from the EHTG and ESCP for identification of patients with Lynch syndrome, colorectal surveillance, surgical management of colorectal cancer, lifestyle and chemoprevention in Lynch syndrome that reached a consensus (at least 80 per cent) are presented.
The question of sanity restoration in jail
Authors: Felthous Alan R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSevere mental illness, especially psychotic disorders that are worsening, acute or complicated, normally require intensive psychiatric care and treatment that is most appropriately provided in a mental hospital. For criminal defendants, transfer to a forensic security hospital has traditionally been the means of achieving hospital care for mentally disordered defendants who have been found incompetent to stand trial or not guilty by reason of insanity. In recent years, with the shortage of intermediate and long‐term hospital beds in the United States, including forensic security hospital beds, jail‐based competency restoration programs are being established, seemingly obviating hospital transfer. Potential advantages of and concerns about jail‐based, as opposed to hospital‐based, competency restoration programs are discussed in the literature. If defendants with severe mental illness traditionally treated in a forensic security hospital for competency restoration are now treated for competency restoration in jail, it is not inconceivable that insanity acquittees could one day be treated in jail for sanity restoration. With the premise that it is better to consider the potential consequences before this becomes a serious proposal and is implemented, this analysis examine the advantages and concerns that have been put forth for jail‐based competence restoration programs as they may or may not apply to jail‐based sanity restoration programs. Substantial commonality is recognized, but also some differences, as well as reason for skepticism of the purported virtues of either alternative to care and treatment in forensic security hospitals.
Hospital treatment of persons found not guilty by reason of insanity
Authors: Kapoor Reena , Wasser Tobias D. , Funaro Melissa C. , Norko Michael A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAfter being found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI), individuals are typically admitted to a secure forensic hospital for evaluation and treatment. This patient population can pose a challenge to clinicians in the hospital setting due to significant violence risk, complex psychiatric presentations, and scrutiny from oversight boards and the public. This article reviews the scientific literature around several key aspects of hospital‐based treatment of insanity acquittees, including the management of inpatient aggression, the provision of specific treatments to acquittees, the assessment of violence risk and readiness for release, and the process of community transition. The authors conclude that the existing literature is heavily weighted toward the study of risk assessment and recidivism, with relatively little attention paid to the study of therapeutic modalities and recovery‐oriented care in this population.