bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and MIF in relative adrenal insufficiency in septic shock: a piglet model
Authors: Akura Bina , Batubara Jose R. L. , Munasir Zakiudin , Gunanti  , Prihartono Joedo , Satari Hindra Irawan , Immanuel Suzanna , Somasetia Dadang Hudaya 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND Inflammatory mediators released during septic shock are involved in the mechanism of adrenal insufficiency. This study investigated the role of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in septic shock with relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI).
METHODS We conducted a 6-month experimental study in 20 piglets. Following endotoxin administration, their hemodynamics were monitored and blood samples were drawn to test the levels of cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and MIF every 15 min until septic shock onset as well as during a corticotropin stimulation test. Septic shock was managed by administering fluid resuscitation, inotropic drugs, and hydrocortisone. At the end of the study, the piglet models were classified as either RAI or non-RAI. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed on the hypothalamus of the RAI group.
RESULTS The level of IL-6 at 45 min was higher in the RAI group than the non-RAI group (p = 0.008), and that of IL-1 was similar in the two groups during septic shock. The RAI group had higher TNF-α levels at 15 min (p = 0.002) and at 30 min (p = 0.007) than the non-RAI group, and the MIF level during septic shock was higher in the RAI group (p = 0.003) than the non-RAI group.
CONCLUSIONS Cytokine-induced inflammatory process of adrenal gland reflected in TNF-α level in 15 min and 30 min, IL-6 in 45 min, and MIF in septic shock condition but not in IL-1.
Unidirectional two-way optical frequency comparison and its fundamental limitations
Authors: Xu Dan , Lopez Olivier , Amy-Klein Anne , Pottie Paul-Eric 
Published: October 2020

High-quality frequency transfer based on existing telecommunication
fiber links allows state-of-the-art microwave and optical clocks to be
compared on a continental and potentially even intercontinental scale.
We present a half-a-year-long data set of unidirectional optical
frequency transfer over a

2
×
43

k
m

urban fiber link. We observe a
relative frequency instability of

8.0
×

10

−
16

at 1 s and at best

6.0
×

10

−
18

at

10
6

s

integration time. Our results show
that the unidirectional two-way method gives the possibility to
perform comparisons of international primary standards over fiber
links faster than over satellite links. Moreover, we investigate the
major limiting factors of such a unidirectional setup.
A community-based validation of the International Alliance for the Control of Scabies Consensus Criteria by expert and non-expert examiners in Liberia
Authors: Walker Stephen L. , Collinson Shelui , Timothy Joseph , Zayzay Samuel K. , Kollie Karsor K. , Candy Neima , Lebas Eglantine , Halliday Katherine , Pullan Rachel , Fallah Mosoka , Marks Michael 
Published: October 2020

Background
The International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) recently published expert consensus criteria for scabies diagnosis. Formal validation of these criteria is needed to guide implementation. We conducted a study to provide detailed description of the morphology and distribution of scabies lesions as assessed by dermatologists and validate the IACS criteria for diagnosis by both expert and non-expert examiners.

Methods
Participants from a community in Monrovia, Liberia, were independently assessed by two dermatologists and six non-expert examiners. Lesion morphology and distribution were documented based on the dermatologist examination. Diagnoses were classified by IACS criteria and the sensitivity and specificity of non-expert examiner assessments calculated.

Results
Papules were the most common lesions (97.8%). Burrows were found in just under half (46.7%) and dermatoscopy was positive in a minority (13.3%). Scabies lesions were found in all body regions but more than 90% of patients could have been diagnosed by an examination of only the limbs. Severity of itch was associated with lesion number (p = 0.003). The sensitivity of non-expert examiners to detect typical scabies ranged between 69–83% and specificity 70–96%. The sensitivity of non-expert examiners was higher in more extensive disease (78–94%).

Conclusions
The IACS criteria proved a valid tool for scabies diagnosis. For the purposes of implementation papules and burrows represent truly ‘typical’ scabies lesions.
Non-expert examiners are able to diagnose scabies with a high degree of accuracy, demonstrating they could form a key component in population-level control strategies.
Of Gaps and Gossip: Intimacy in the Archive
Authors: Horn Katrin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArguing for gossip’s relevance in the archive, this article examines the surviving private material relating to Charlotte Cushman (1816–1876). Cushman was the most celebrated American actress of the nineteenth century yet spent most of her life in an expatriate community in Rome, where she shared her home with other female artists. Analysing letters, diaries, and related forms of life writing by Cushman herself as well as by friends and family, this article pursues two goals: First, it accounts for how a fear of gossip (by Cushman and her family) might have shaped the gaps in the collection concerning Cushman’s sexual and romantic relationships. Second, it makes the case for the archival traces of gossip as evidence in writing the story of Cushman’s intimate life. The article thus reflects on the role of gossip and privacy in “intimate archives” (Dever et al. 2010) and contemplates their relevance to Cushman as an insightful case study of LGBTQ history. Overall, this article advocates turning to the archive with a renewed fervour for evidence of intimacy as well as for turning to intimacy for evidence.
Monetary Policy and Cross-Border Interbank Market Fragmentation: Lessons from the Crisis
Authors: Blattner Tobias S. , Swarbrick Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a two-country model featuring risky lending and cross-border interbank market frictions. We find that (i) the strength of the financial accelerator, when applied to banks operating under uncertainty in an interbank market, will critically depend on the economic and financial structure of the economy; (ii) adverse shocks to the real economy can be the source of banking crisis, causing an increase in interbank funding costs, aggravating the initial shock; and (iii) asset purchases and central bank long-term refinancing operations can be effective substitutes for, or supplements to, conventional monetary policy.
Ten Chemical Innovations That Will Change Our World
Authors: Gomollón-Bel Fernando 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 2019, IUPAC introduced the “Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry” [1]. * This initiative commemorated both IUPAC’s 100th anniversary and the International Year of the Periodic Table, a worldwide event that celebrated 150 years since the first publication of Mendeleev’s most famous chemistry icon. Now, IUPAC wants to transform this project into yet another landmark. Every year, the “Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry” will identify innovations with tremendous potential to change the current chemical and industrial landscape [2].*
Lorenz-generated bivariate Archimedean copulas
Authors: Fontanari Andrea , Cirillo Pasquale , Oosterlee Cornelis W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A novel generating mechanism for non-strict bivariate Archimedean copulas via the Lorenz curve of a non-negative random variable is proposed. Lorenz curves have been extensively studied in economics and statistics to characterize wealth inequality and tail risk. In this paper, these curves are seen as integral transforms generating increasing convex functions in the unit square. Many of the properties of these “Lorenz copulas”, from tail dependence and stochastic ordering, to their Kendall distribution function and the size of the singular part, depend on simple features of the random variable associated to the generating Lorenz curve. For instance, by selecting random variables with a lower bound at zero it is possible to create copulas with asymptotic upper tail dependence. An “alchemy” of Lorenz curves that can be used as general framework to build multiparametric families of copulas is also discussed.
Nonparametric relative recursive regression
Authors: Slaoui Yousri , Khardani Salah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose the problem of estimating a regression function recursively based on the minimization of the Mean Squared Relative Error (MSRE), where outlier data are present and the response variable of the model is positive. We construct an alternative estimation of the regression function using a stochastic approximation method. The Bias, variance, and Mean Integrated Squared Error (MISE) are computed explicitly. The asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is also proved. Moreover, we conduct a simulation to compare the performance of our proposed estimators with that of the two classical kernel regression estimators and then through a real Malaria dataset.
Feasibility of patient-reported diagnostic errors following emergency department discharge: a pilot study
Authors: Gleason Kelly T. , Peterson Susan , Dennison Himmelfarb Cheryl R. , Villanueva Mariel , Wynn Taylor , Bondal Paula , Berg Daniel , Jerde Welcome , Newman-Toker David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The National Academy of Medicine identified diagnostic error as a pressing public health concern and defined failure to effectively communicate the diagnosis to patients as a diagnostic error. Leveraging Patient’s Experience to improve Diagnosis (LEAPED) is a new program for measuring patient-reported diagnostic error. As a first step, we sought to assess the feasibility of using LEAPED after emergency department (ED) discharge.

Methods
We deployed LEAPED using a cohort design at three EDs within one academic health system. We enrolled 59 patients after ED discharge and queried them about their health status and understanding of the explanation for their health problems at 2-weeks, 1-month, and 3-months. We measured response rates and demographic/clinical predictors of patient uptake of LEAPED.

Results
Of those enrolled (n=59), 90% (n=53) responded to the 2-week post-ED discharge questionnaire (1 and 3-month ongoing). Of the six non-responders, one died and three were hospitalized at two weeks. The average age was 50 years (SD 16) and 64% were female; 53% were white and 41% were black. Over a fifth (23%) reported they were not given an explanation of their health problem on leaving the ED, and of those, a fourth (25%) did not have an understanding of what next steps to take after leaving the ED.

Conclusions
Patient uptake of LEAPED was high, suggesting that patient-report may be a feasible method of evaluating the effectiveness of diagnostic communication to patients though further testing in a broader patient population is essential. Future research should determine if LEAPED yields important insights into the quality and safety of diagnostic care.
Rainfall thresholds of shallow landslides in Wuyuan County of Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Li Xiaochao , Liu Handong , Pan Jishun , Li Dongdong , Wang Jin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Rainfall is a critical factor inducing landslides, and thus the study of rainfall thresholds is of great significance for the prediction and prevention of landslides. In June 2017, infrastructures such as electric power pylons and roads were threatened by group-occurring landslides due to continuous heavy rainfall in Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province of China. Based on the analysis of the rainfall data from March to September in this region, the lower (92.4 mm/d) and the upper (217.1 mm/d) empirical rainfall thresholds were determined. The soil water characteristic parameters of a typical landslide were determined by laboratory tests and back-analysis. Then, the factor of safety (FOS) versus time and the mechanical response of failure process with rainfall infiltration were examined. The results showed that during rainfall infiltration, the pore-water pressure increased, while the matrix suction and the stability decreased gradually. After the rain, the FOS increased slowly to a constant value, which was smaller than the initial. The physical rainfall threshold (200 mm/d), determined using 18 numerical simulation tests considering different rainfall intensities and amounts, was consistent with the empirical rainfall threshold. The methods developed in this work provide a useful tool for the prediction of landslides under extreme rainfall conditions.
LA-ICP-MS U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from Middle Jurassic sedimentary rocks in southwestern Fujian: Sedimentary provenance and its geological significance
Authors: Zhongjie Xu , Jintao Kong , Rihui Cheng , Yizhi Lan , Liaoliang Wang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order to determine the tectonic regime change of the early Mesozoic in the South China Block, this study analyzed sedimentary rocks in the Middle Jurassic of southwestern Fujian by modal analysis of sandstones, elemental geochemical analysis of mudstones, and detrital zircons U–Pb dating. The results show that the detrital zircons in Southwestern Fujian mainly consist of Paleoproterozoic to early Mesozoic zircons in the Middle Jurassic. Within the Dongkeng profile of the Zhangping Formation, DK5 sample (lower part) showed a major age peak at ca. 1,848 Ma and two secondary age peaks at ca. 235 and 180 Ma, while DK15 sample (middle part) showed a major age peak at ca. 1,876 Ma and two secondary age peaks at ca. 233 and 190 Ma; the age compositions of these two samples’ were similar. Modal analysis of sandstones indicated that sediments of Zhangping Formation might source from arc orogen and recycled orogen, and element geochemical analysis showed that source rocks of Zhangping Formation might be sedimentary rocks and granites. The Indosinian zircons were mainly derived from the Wuyi region, and the Yanshanian zircons were mainly derived from the Nanling region. The major age group changes from ca. 230 to 220 Ma of the Late Triassic – Early Jurassic to ca. 190 to 180 Ma of the Middle Jurassic in Southwestern Fujian, and main sources changed from Indosinian magmatic rocks in the Late Triassic – Early Jurassic to early Yanshanian magmatic rocks in the Middle Jurassic.
Kinetic analysis of CO2 gasification of biochar and anthracite based on integral isoconversional nonlinear method
Authors: Dai Bing , Qiu Jia-Yong , Ren Shan , Su Bu-Xin , Ding Xiang , Ju Dian-Chun , Bai Ni , Long Hong-Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis was implemented for gasification of sawdust char (SD-char), wheat straw char (WS-char), rice husk char (RH-char), bamboo char (BB-char) and anthracite coal (AC) in the presence of CO2. The dependence of activation energy upon conversion for different biochars and AC was obtained by the integral isoconversional nonlinear (NL-INT) method which is a model-free method. Based on the activation energy values from the NL-INT method, a model-fitting method called random pore model (RPM) was used to estimate the kinetic parameters including the preexponential factor and pore structure parameter from the experimental data. The results are shown that the gasification reactivity of different samples from high to low can be sorted as that of WS-char, SD-char, BB-char, RH-char and AC. In the early stage of gasification, the activation energy values of biochars increase generally with an increase in the conversion degree, whereas the value of AC decreases. Thereafter, the activation energy values remain almost unchanged when the conversion is up to some extent. When the conversion degree varies between about 0.3 and 0.9, these carbon materials can be sorted in the order of average activation energy from low to high as WS-char, SD-char, AC, RH-char and BB-char, respectively, 134.3, 143.8, 168.5, 184.8 and 193.0 kJ/mol. It is shown that a complex multistep mechanism occurs in the initial stage of gasification, while a single-step gasification mechanism exists in the rest of the gasification process. The RPM is suitable for describing the gasification of biomass chars and AC except the initial gasification. Additionally, it is found that the kinetic compensation effect (KCE) still exists in the gasification reactions of biochars and AC. However, the AC deviates markedly from the KCE curve. This may be caused by the similarity of carbonaceous structure of biochars and the difference in reactivity between biochars and AC.
Effect of adding yttrium on precipitation behaviors of inclusions in E690 ultra high strength offshore platform steel
Authors: Xi Xiaojun , Li Shaoying , Yang Shufeng , Li Jingshe , Zhao Mengjing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe mechanism of inclusions precipitation of the E690 offshore platform steel, with and without addition of yttrium, was studied using the thermodynamic calculation method. The results show that in the E690 steel in the absence of yttrium, the MnS inclusions were precipitated in the liquid phase at the solidification front. By adding the yttrium, MnS inclusions were replaced by spindle and spherical yttrium-containing oxide and sulfide complex inclusions, and the precipitation sequence of yttrium-containing inclusions in the liquid steel was Y2O3, Y2O2S, and YS. However, Y2S3 inclusions cannot be precipitated in the liquid steel under the experimental conditions. It was also found that Al2O3 inclusions can be formed in the liquid steel with and without addition of yttrium. The thermodynamic calculation results are in accordance with the experimental results.
Kreuzzug als „Heiliger Krieg“? Der Erste Kreuzzug im Spannungsfeld zwischen Gewalt und Frieden
Authors: Weitzel Tim 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird ein kritischer Blick auf einen Gemeinplatz der Kreuzzugsforschung geworfen. Der Kreuzzug gilt einem Großteil der Forschung derzeit als „Heiliger Krieg“ par excellence. Mit dieser Klassifikation wurde dem Phänomen „Kreuzzug“ eine besondere Totalität der Kriegsführung attestiert und zugleich eine besondere Qualität der Gewalt eingeschrieben. Doch bei näherer Betrachtung zeigt sich, dass die Kreuzzugsgeschichte nicht nur durch Situationen endemischer Gewalt gekennzeichnet ist, sondern die Historiographie zugleich diplomatische Kontakte zwischen den Pilgerkriegern und ihren muslimischen Kontrahenten verzeichnet. Um diese für moderne Beobachter oftmals verblüffende Gleichzeitigkeit von politischem Pragmatismus und religiösem Rigorismus zu erklären, wird hier erstmals ein Zentraltext des Deuteronomistischen Geschichtswerkes in den Blick genommen, der von der Kreuzzugsforschung bisher übersehen wurde: das Deuteronomistische Kriegsgesetz. Im Lichte dieser Norm zeigt sich, dass das Handeln der Kreuzfahrer in Outremer mitnichten widersprüchlich war, sondern sich durchaus im Handlungsrahmen der biblischen Norm bewegte.
Effect of bilateral needling at an acupuncture point, ST-36 (Zusanli) on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A pilot randomized placebo controlled trial
Authors: Mooventhan A. , Ningombam Reema , Nivethitha L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major current public health problems. Electro-acupuncture at ST-36 showed a significant reduction in plasma glucose levels in diabetic rats. There are lacks of studies reporting its hypoglycemic effect in humans and thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of needling at ST-36 (Zusanli) on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
Sixty T2DM participants were recruited and randomized into acupuncture group (n=30) and placebo control group (n=30). The participants of the acupuncture group received needling at ST-36 (one finger breadth lateral to the inferior border of the tibial tuberosity), and the participants those in the placebo control group received needling at placebo point (midpoint between the apex of the patella and tibial tuberosity). For both the groups, needles were retained for 30 min. Baseline and post-test assessments were performed prior to and after each intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.

Results
The present study showed a significant reduction in random blood glucose levels in the acupuncture group compared to the placebo control group.

Conclusion
This study suggests that 30 min of bilateral acupuncture needling at ST-36 with manual stimulation is effective in reducing blood glucose levels in T2DM patients.
Fibonacci groups 𝐹(2, 𝑛) are hyperbolic for 𝑛 odd and 𝑛 ≥ 11
Authors: Chalk Christopher P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We prove that the Fibonacci group

F
⁢

(
2
,
n
)

{F(2,n)}

for n odd and

n
≥
11

{n\geq 11}

is hyperbolic.
We do this by applying a curvature argument to an arbitrary van Kampen diagram of

F
⁢

(
2
,
n
)

{F(2,n)}

and show that it satisfies a linear isoperimetric inequality.
It then follows that

F
⁢

(
2
,
n
)

{F(2,n)}

is hyperbolic.
Understanding Job Placement of Recent Emergency Management Graduates: An Initial Test of a Theoretical Framework
Authors: Kirkpatrick Sarah , Jensen Jessica 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The job placement of emergency management degree program graduates has been an enduring point of conversation for over a decade https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/readinglist.aspx, https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=478470, https://doi.org/10.2202/1547-7355.1910, https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/readinglist.aspx, https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/readinglist.aspx, https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/latest/2018.aspx. Whether graduates are employable, whether they are getting jobs, and why some get jobs and others do not have been of concern. Yet, until recently, no empirical study had examined the extent to which emergency management degree holders who want emergency management jobs actually get them. Jensen and Kirkpatrick (2020), found that the majority of graduates who intended such jobs got them, while almost a third did not. Jensen and Kirkpatrick (2019), proposed a theoretical framework that might guide research on job outcomes of emergency management degree program graduates, including job placement. This manuscript reports the authors' efforts to utilize the theoretical framework to explore the difference between those graduates who wanted and secured an emergency management position post-graduation and those who wanted one but did not. Specifically, this manuscript reports initial findings and challenges related to this question in the context of a theoretical framework of job placement and the current state of emergency management higher education nationally.
Regularization of backward time-fractional parabolic equations by Sobolev-type equations
Authors: Hào Dinh Nho , Van Duc Nguyen , Van Thang Nguyen , Trung Thành Nguyen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The problem of determining the initial condition from noisy final observations in time-fractional parabolic equations is considered.
This problem is well known to be ill-posed, and it is regularized by backward Sobolev-type equations.
Error estimates of Hölder type are obtained with a priori and a posteriori regularization parameter choice rules.
The proposed regularization method results in a stable noniterative numerical scheme.
The theoretical error estimates are confirmed by numerical tests for one- and two-dimensional equations.