bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of Natural Products Using Intramolecular Nozaki–Hiyama–Takai–Kishi Reactions
Authors: Takao Ken-ichi , Ogura Akihiro , Yoshida Keisuke , Simizu Siro 
Published: February 2020

In this Account, we describe our studies on the total synthesis of several natural products using intramolecular Nozaki–Hiyama–Takai–Kishi (NHTK) reactions. In each synthesis, an NHTK reaction is used to efficiently construct a medium-sized ring. These examples demonstrate the utility of the intramolecular NHTK reaction in natural product synthesis.1	Introduction2	Total Synthesis of (+)-Pestalotiopsin A3	Total Synthesis of (+)-Cytosporolide A4	Total Synthesis of (+)-Vibsanin A5	Total Syntheses of (+)-Aquatolide and Related Humulanolides6	Conclusion
Quantifying the Risks and Benefits of Continuing Labor Induction: Data for Shared Decision-Making
Authors: Teal Elizabeth Nicole , Lewkowitz Adam K. , Koser Sarah L.P. , Tran Carol B.N. , Gaw Stephanie L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to quantify the relative maternal and fetal risks and benefits of continuing labor induction.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study included nulliparous women with nonanomalous, singleton, vertex, term pregnancies undergoing labor induction with intact membranes at a tertiary-care academic hospital from January 2015 to April 2017. The primary outcome was mode of delivery. Secondary outcomes included hemorrhage, transfusion, infection, and composite neonatal morbidity. The data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Multivariable regression was used to control for potential confounders.
Results A total of 955 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median induction duration was 32.3 hours (interquartile range: 20.4–41 hours) and the vaginal delivery rate was 70.5% (n = 673). The chance of vaginal delivery at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and ≥60 hours was 76, 83, 77, 74, 72, and 48%, respectively. After controlling for confounders, there was a 20% decrease in chance of vaginal delivery with induction ≥ 24 hours compared with induction < 24 hours. The adjusted relative risks of hemorrhage, transfusion, and infection with induction ≥ 24 hours compared with induction < 24 hours were 1.9, 2.2, and 2.7, respectively (95% confidence interval [CI] of 1.4–2.5, 1.1–3.9, and 1.8–4.0, respectively). The relative risk for these outcomes remained stable or decreased at each subsequent time point. The increasing risks of hemorrhage and infection were primarily among patients who underwent cesarean delivery. There was no association between induction duration and neonatal morbidity.
Conclusion In this cohort, the chance of vaginal delivery remained nearly 50% even when induction extended beyond 60 hours. Risks of hemorrhage and maternal infection rose modestly over time, but primarily in patients who underwent cesarean delivery. There was no difference in the risk of transfusion beyond 24 hours and no association between induction duration and neonatal morbidity. These findings may be useful when engaging patients in shared decision-making during labor induction.
Poland Syndrome with Atypical Malformations Associated to a de novo 1.5 Mb Xp22.31 Duplication
Authors: Massimino Carmela R. , Smilari Pierluigi , Greco Filippo , Marino Silvia , Vecchio Davide , Bartuli Andrea , Parisi Pasquale , Cho Sung Y. , Pavone Piero 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPoland's syndrome (PS; OMIM 173800) is a rare congenital syndrome which consists of absence or hypoplasia of the pectoralis muscle. Other features can be variably associated, including rib defects. On the affected side other features (such as of breast and nipple anomalies, lack of subcutaneous tissue and skin annexes, hand anomalies, visceral, and vertebral malformation) have been variably documented. To date, association of PS with central nervous system malformation has been rarely reported remaining poorly understood and characterized. We report a left-sided PS patient carrying a de novo 1.5 Mb Xp22.31 duplication diagnosed in addiction to strabismus, optic nerves and chiasm hypoplasia, corpus callosum abnormalities, ectopic neurohypophysis, pyelic ectasia, and neurodevelopmental delay. Since, to our knowledge, this features' association has not been previously reported, we argue that this case may contribute to further widening of the variability of PS phenotype.
Older Patients May Have More Frequent Seizures among Children Diagnosed as Benign Convulsions with Mild Gastroenteritis
Authors: You Su Jeong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose Benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) is a condition that does not usually require treatment. However, when the patient experiences multiple seizures or prolonged seizures, anticonvulsant treatment may be required. We investigated this study to identify the factors that may influence on the number or duration of seizures at CwG.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of CwG patients who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics at Sanggye Paik Hospital.
Results A total of 105 children with CwG were enrolled. The mean age was 19.59 ± 7.09 months. The mean duration of seizure was 2.79 ± 5.51 minutes and mean number of seizure was 2.33 ± 1.70. Sixty-nine children had seizures less than twice, whereas 36 experienced three times or more. These groups differed significantly according to age in CwG (18.16 ± 7.08, vs. 22.33 ± 6.34 months, p < 0.05). When patients were divided into two groups based on age in CwG using a cut-off of 20 months, we found significant differences in seizure number (1.91 ± 1.27 vs. 3.11 ± 2.10, p < 0.05). There was also a positive correlation between patient age and frequency of seizures (R = 0.316, p = 0.001). Patients who received anticonvulsants were older (17.60 ± 6.87 vs. 22.04 ± 6.63 months, p < 0.05) and had more frequent (1.59 ± 1.37 vs. 3.26 ± 1.63, p < 0.05) and longer seizures (1.76 ± 2.75 vs. 4.07 ± 7.49 minutes, p < 0.05).
Conclusion As the number of seizure in CwG was associated with age, treatment in older children may be required in acute stage.
Interference microscopy study of the preplasma formed on an iron target surface exposed to high-power femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Sitnikov D.S. , Ovchinnikov A.V. , Ashitkov S.I. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The characteristic scale of spread of the plasma formed on the surface of a bulk iron target irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse with an intensity of 1016 W cm−2 is measured by time-resolved interference microscopy using femtosecond pulses emitted by a Cr : forsterite laser system with an intensity contrast of 107. The chosen technique is demonstrated to be efficient in such measurements. It is shown experimentally that, as a result of laser pulse impact, the displacement of a plasma layer with a density exceeding critical does not exceed 30 nm.
QR-code optical encryption in the scheme with spatially incoherent illumination based on two micromirror light modulators
Authors: Evtikhiev N.N. , Krasnov V.V. , Kuzmin I.D. , Molodtsov D.Yu. , Rodin V.G. , Starikov R.S. , Cheremkhin P.A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An optical encryption scheme with spatially incoherent illumination based on two micromirror light modulators has been experimentally implemented for the first time. Currently, such modulators are the fastest tools for spatio-temporal light modulation; their high frame rates provide possibilities for developing optical encryption systems with a bandwidth of several gigabites per second.
Control over pulsed operation modes of an erbium-doped fibre laser passively mode-locked via nonlinear polarisation rotation
Authors: Volkov I.A. , Kamynin V.A. , Itrin P.A. , Ushakov S.N. , Nishchev K.N. , Tsvetkov V.B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We have experimentally demonstrated the possibility of controlling pulse generation modes of an erbium-doped fibre ring laser operating in the anomalous dispersion regime and passively mode-locked via nonlinear polarisation rotation. It has been shown that individual adjustment of the pump power and intracavity polarisation controllers leads to changes in pulse generation mode, without changing the cavity. We have evaluated the key spectral, temporal and energetic characteristics of the observed pulse generation modes.
Tunable semiconductor laser with two acousto-optic tunable filters in its external cavity
Authors: Magdich L.N. , Chamorovskiy A.Yu. , Shidlovsky V.R. , Shramenko M.V. , Yakubovich S.D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report a laser with a linear external cavity containing a near-IR injection semiconductor optical amplifier as a gain element and two acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) with quasi-collinear interaction of acoustic and light waves. At identical frequencies of RF signals that control the filters and ensure compensation for the Doppler frequency shift of light passing through the AOTFs, the steady-state laser emission linewidth can be reduced to about 25 MHz, which is almost three orders of magnitude smaller than that in the case of one filter (20 GHz). The position of the emission line, which remains narrow, slowly fluctuates within a spectral range about 3 GHz wide, which seems to be due to the large length of the external cavity and insufficient thermal stabilization of its components. This does not prevent us from obtaining light with a large coherence length. In emission wavelength sweep mode, the instantaneous emission linewidth increases with tuning rate, reaching 0.022 nm (8.8 GHz) at the highest tuning rate: 104 nm s−1. In the case of automatic control over the output optical power at a level of 3 mW, the tuning range is 815 – 875 nm. Such instruments are of practical interest for optical coherence tomography, spectroscopy, optical metrology, and other application areas.
Heating of aqueous suspensions of silicon nanoparticles by a 808-nm diode laser for application in local photohyperthermia
Authors: Oleshchenko V.A. , Bezotosnyi V.V. , Timoshenko V.Yu. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract3D simulation of the distribution of thermal fields in aqueous suspensions of silicon nanoparticles upon irradiation by a high-power 808-nm laser diode operating in cw and quasi-cw repetitively pulsed regimes is performed. It is shown that irradiation by a repetitively pulsed laser with a peak power of 10 W and a pulse duration of 300 ms can form a region with a maximum temperature exceeding 42 °C, which is promising for application in cancer photohyperthermia for local heating of biotissues at a given depth.
Dispersible chitosan particles showing bacteriostatic effect against Streptococcus mutans and their dental polishing effect
Authors: Saita Kanako , Nagaoka Shoji , Shirosaki Tomohiro , Horikawa Maki , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Nontoxic and biodegradable chitosan is potentially useful in various applications. We prepared submicron chitosan particles with high dispersibility in aqueous solution utilizing the electrostatic interaction phase separation method described in a previous report, but using citric acid as the polyvalent anionic compound instead of sodium sulfate. The submicron chitosan particles showed significant antibacterial activity and anti-adhesive action against Streptococcus mutans, even at around neutral pH. However, chitosan granules showed no antibacterial activity under the same conditions. The addition of the chitosan particles to dental polishing paste provided stainless steel discs (the same hardness as dental enamel) with a smoother surface than polishing paste without additives. In view of their submicron size and antibacterial activity, chitosan particles could potentially be multifunctional components of oral and dental cleaning materials.
Quasi-tomography by free space line field spectral domain optical coherence reflectometry
Authors: Lawman Samuel , Williams Bryan M , Zheng Yalin , Shen Yao-chun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper reports the development of a new technique, free space line field spectral domain optical coherence reflectometry (LF-SD-OCR), which is able to produce tomographic like (quasi) images. Furthermore, the capabilities and cost benefits of the technique are demonstrated by constructing a handheld LF-SD-OCR device. For glossy paint systems and other suitable samples, the line field format produces quasi-tomographic (cross-sectional) imaging through the layers, with axial and lateral image resolutions of 1.3 µm and 40 µm respectively. From these, the clear coat thicknesses on the bonnet of cars were measured by graph search segmentation and maximum A-scan projection. In comparison with the widely used single point ultrasound and optical devices, our technique gives the user more confident interpretation of the results as it produces a cross-sectional image of the sample in a single-shot fashion without the need of any mechnical scanning. In addition, the produced device has higher resolution and lower cost (£1660 cost of the constructed one-off prototype as compared with over £10K for comparable universally capable ultrasonic devices), making the technique an economically viable alternative to ultrasound in the quality assurance of coating systems and other application areas such as plastic film manufacturing control.
A new route for laser cooling and trapping of cold molecules: Intensity-gradient cooling of MgF molecules using localized hollow beams
Authors: Yan Kang , Wei Bin , Yin Yaling , Xu Supeng , Xu Liang , Xia Meng , Gu Ruoxi , Xia Yong , Yin Jianping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We propose a promising scheme to prepare ultracold MgF molecules from a slowed cold molecular beam by using three-dimensional pure intensity-gradient induced Sisyphus cooling. The cooling is based on a blue-detuned localized hollow beam and a weak repumping beam. We investigate the dynamic process in the trap with the method of the Monte-Carlo simulations, verifying the feasibility. Our results show that achieving sub-Doppler temperature should be possible in such a well-designed trap; the trapped MgF molecules with initial temperature of

1

mK

can be directly cooled to the final equilibrium temperature of about

46.5

μ
K
,

well below the Doppler limit (about

527.9

μ
K

for MgF); meanwhile, molecules with initial temperature of

14

mK

can be even cooled to about

68.7

μ
K
.
Fermion dark matter and radiative neutrino masses from spontaneous lepton number breaking
Authors: Bonilla Cesar , Vega Leon M G de la , Lamprea J M , Lineros Roberto A , Peinado Eduardo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the viability of having a fermion Dark Matter particle below the TeV mass scale in connection to the neutrino mass generation mechanism. The simplest realisation is achieved within the scotogenic model where neutrino masses are generated at the 1-loop level. Hence, we consider the case where the dark matter particle is the lightest

Z

2

-odd Majorana fermion running in the neutrino mass loop. We assume that lepton number is broken dynamically due to a lepton number carrier scalar singlet which acquires a non-zero vacuum expectation value. In the present scenario the Dark Matter particles can annihilate via t- and s-channels. The latter arises from the mixing between the new scalar singlet and the Higgs doublet. We identify three different Dark Matter mass regions below 1 TeV that can account for the right amount of dark matter abundance in agreement with current experimental constraints. We compute the Dark Matter-nucleon spin-independent scattering cross-section and find that the model predicts spin-independent cross-sections ‘naturally’ dwelling below the current limit on direct detection searches of Dark Matter particles reported by XENON1T.
Quantum correlations in the Kerr Ising model
Authors: Kewming M J , Shrapnel S , Milburn G J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this article we present a full description of the quantum Kerr Ising model—a linear optical network of parametrically pumped Kerr nonlinearities. We consider the non-dissipative Kerr Ising model and, using variational techniques, show that the energy spectrum is primarily determined by the adjacency matrix in the Ising model and exhibits highly non-classical cat like eigenstates. We then introduce dissipation to give a quantum mechanical treatment of the measurement process based on homodyne detection via the conditional stochastic Schrodinger equation. Finally, we identify a quantum advantage in comparison to the classical analogue for the example of two anti-ferromagnetic cavities.
Evidence of a new class of cnoidal electron holes exhibiting intrinsic substructures, its impact on linear (and nonlinear) Vlasov theories and role in anomalous transport
Authors: Schamel Hans , Mandal Debraj , Sharma Devendra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Novel types of solitary electron holes or in more general terms a novel class of cnoidal electron holes propagating in collisionless, driven plasmas is found numerically and described analytically. These structural modes are distinguished by substructures both in the electron density in real space and in the trapped electron distribution function in velocity space and are due to a two-fold trapping scenario; a regular one, called β-trapping, and a weakly singular one, called γ-trapping. Although the latter already appears early in O(ϕ) in the

ϕ

-expansion of the density, where ϕ is the electrostatic potential, it is the regular β-trapping effect, appearing in O(ϕ
3/2), that remains the main cause of these new class of self-consistent structures. Through a proper participation of both trapping mechanisms the shortcomings (inconsistencies) of undamped linear wave theories (Landau, van Kampen) are nonlinearly rectified becoming true solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system at this kinetic level of plasma description only. They hence provide the right key to the strictly nonlinear, kinetic world of undamped, coherent, small amplitude structures in driven, collisionless plasmas. A cusp-like slope singularity of the otherwise continuous electron distribution f

e
along the contour of a separatrix, on the other hand, exposes thereby a limit for the reliability of a kinetic nonlinear Vlasov-Poisson description and a simulation of structure formation in intermittent turbulent plasmas. It points to a new, deeper settled physics caused by a local enhancement of collisionality near separatrices through the generation of correlations. It is suggested that multiple trapping has the same origin than chaos in the particle trajectories near resonance, namely the non-integrability of discrete particle dynamics.
The formulation of alternative gluten-free mung bean biscuits
Authors: Fathonah Siti , Rosidah  , Amalia Bethari , Humaizah Siti 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Biscuit is a popular snack which is consumed by people of various age. Biscuit is practical and has long storability span. The formula of mung bean biscuit contains 60% of mung bean, 20% of wheat flour, and 20% cornstarch with the roasting period of 17 minutes. The biscuit has 454 kcal, 7.95% protein, and 19.75 mg of iron. In this research, we propose to change 20% of wheat flour with gluten-free rice flour. This research aims to 1) unveil the influence of formula (rice flour, cornstarch, and eggwhite) towards the sensory quality of biscuit, and 2) to show the composition of energy and protein. This research optimizes biscuit quality by changing wheat flour with rice flour and lessen the use of cornstarch and eggwhite as the binding agent with the random group plan. The ratio between rice flour and cornstarch is in the range of 15% - 22.5% from the overall flour, with the gap of 2.5%, while the eggwhite is 21g (7%) and 30g (10%). This ratio is given to 8 different formulas. We validate the quality of the biscuit by scoring it to 8 trained panellists in a 9-scaled scoring. The method of measuring energy content in the biscuit used calorimetry, while the protein used micro Kjeldahl. This research analyzes of the influence from formula to the sensory quality with variance analysis, followed by the Duncan test. The result of the sensory test of 7 formula shows the score in the range of 6.9-7.2 or the good category. However, the scoring to the other one is in the range of 5.7–6.7 in the good and moderately good category. The sensory quality of the biscuit is in yellow, with an average of 4.0 while the texture is in the very good category with an average score of 7.5. The formula does not have a difference in all sensory quality aspects, except the yellow gold colour (p = 0.000), with a difference in between formula 1 and formula 3 along with formula 4. The best formula from all formulas is formula 5 (TB 20, TM 20, PT10). The content of energy in the biscuit is in the range of 390 – 420 kcal, while the protein is between 9.0 – 10.7 g. From the test and measurement, the gluten-free biscuit in this proposal is a proper healthy food which follows the regulation of Indonesian National Standard.
Extractive distillation simulation of tert-butanol/water using TRIS as entrainer
Authors: Hartanto D , Sammadikun W , Astuti W , Mustain A , Wibowo A A , Khoiroh I , Chafid A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The mixture of tert-butanol and water cannot be separated by conventional distillation methods. The distillate composition will always be the same until all of the liquid is evaporated. The separation is difficult because the tert-butanol and water systems have azeotropic behaviour. The azeotrope occurs at a mole fraction of 0.643 and temperature of 353 K. Extractive distillation is one of the methods which can be used to separate the azeotropic behaviour effectively. The system uses two columns namely extractive distillation column and recovery distillation column. The extractive distillation column requires a third component called entrainer. The novel, environmentally friendly and non-corrosive entrainers is Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (TRIS). In this study a simulation of extractive distillation of the tert-butanol / water system was carried out using a TRIS entrainer. The optimization results show that the extractive column design configuration is the number of stages 19, binary feed stage 11, entrainer feed stage 4, reflux ratio 0.5, mixed feed temperature 78°C, and entrainer feed temperature 25°C. This configuration is capable of producing 0.996 tert-butanol purity with a reboiler load of 1255.95 kW and a condenser load of -327.29 kW.
Recloser system technology on middle voltage transmission of electric energy
Authors: Supraptono Eko , Ananta Henry , Damayanti Sisca 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Needed of Power Electricity in Indonesia always increase every year to year. The demand of development power electricity is needed to be balance with increasing of electric power plant, transmission and distribution line, and infrastructure capabilities, so that distribution of power electricity to consumer go in good manner. One problem that often in distribution and transmission of power electricity is occurred faults in transmission and distribution line system. Our research method is doing observation and interview in collect data, and handling electricity the faults in the fields. the faults occurred in work area of PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Tegal divided by internal and external faults. Internal fault is the occurred faults in equipment of supporting power electricity transmission system like electricity components, electricity equipment, electricity substations, and electricity poles. Meanwhile, external faults divided faults by tree, faults by nature, faults by third party, and faults by kite. The faults are handled by PLN using work procedure (SOP). The contribution of the results of this study to science in the field of energy transmission is an analysis technique to minimize faults of middle voltage transmission of electric energy.