bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free flap harvest from the infraumbilical region for head and neck reconstruction purposes: a retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Bettini Giordana , Saia Giorgia , Franco Piero , Valsecchi Stefano , Tognin Laura , Alexandre Enrico , Bedogni Alberto 
Published: November 2020

The abdominal wall has showed many advantages as a donor site in head and neck reconstruction given its constant pattern of dominant perforators. Currently, standard design of the skin component of composite soft-tissue flaps recommended for head and neck reconstruction encompasses the lower and upper periumbilical region thus increasing the overall vascularization of the flap. We report on the safety of the harvest of abdominal soft-tissue free flaps from the infraumbilical region.

A retrospective charts review was performed. Consecutive subjects who underwent microsurgical reconstruction of composite defects of the Head & Neck with infraumbilical free flaps between January 2008-January 2020 were enrolled.

After surgery, patients were followed up at three-month intervals to evaluate the incidence of complications and the long-term outcome at the donor site.

25 patients underwent reconstruction with free flaps harvested from the lower abdomen. A total of 35 abdominal flaps (20 VRAM, 15 DIEAP) were performed; ten patients underwent bilateral flap harvest and abdominoplasty was performed to achieve direct closure.

Marginal abdominal skin necrosis occurred in 3 patients postoperatively. Abdominal bulge occurred in one case; neither hernia nor abdominal wall weakness were not encountered at a median follow-up of 12 months (IQR 6; 27).

The results of the study confirm that the infraumbilical region is a safe donor area of free flaps for head and neck reconstruction that preserves abdominal wall firmness and improves ultimate functional and aesthetic outcomes at the donor site.
Effect of Sodium Benzoate on Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential After Aluminum Toxicity in PC-12 Cell Line
Authors:   Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Rashedinia Marzieh , Saberzadeh Jamileh ,   Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Khodaei Forouzan ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Mashayekhi Sardoei Najmeh ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Alimohammadi Mahshid ,   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran., Arabsolghar Rita ,   Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background: Sodium benzoate, a food preservative, prevents the growth of fungi and bacteria. Numerous studies have reported the protective effects of sodium benzoate on the nervous system. This study investigated the effect of sodium benzoate on cell apoptosis and mitochondrial function in an aluminum cell toxicity model. Methods: After 48 hr of treating PC-12 cells with varying concentrations of sodium benzoate (0.125, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/ml) in the presence of aluminum maltolate (500 μM), the cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The type of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis) was analyzed by flow cytometry (7-ADD/An V-PE staining). Also, rhodamine 123 was used to measure the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP). The acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was assessed by Ellman’s method. Results: It was observed that sodium benzoate inhibited aluminum induced cell death within 48hr. Sodium benzoate at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml significantly reduced the apoptotic cells that had been exposed to aluminum. Exposure of PC-12 cells with sodium benzoate and aluminum, increased the AChE activity, although, no significant changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were observed. Conclusion: Sodium benzoate may provide its protective effects through increased AChE activity and inhibiting apoptosis induced by aluminum toxicity. It is likely that the disruption of MMP is neither involved in the induction of apoptosis by aluminum nor in the protective effect of sodium benzoate.
The Toxicity Evaluation of Salvia rhytidea and Glycine Max Extracts versus the Biochemical and Histological Indices of Liver and Kidney Functions in Mice
Authors:   Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Mandegary Ali , Kheirandish Reza ,   School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran., Heidari Sepideh ,   Herbal and Traditional Medicine Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Mirtadzadini Mansour ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran., Asadi Amir ,   Herbal and Traditional Medicine Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran., Hassanabadi Navid ,   School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran., Sharififar Fariba ,   Herbal and Traditional Medicine Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background: The safety of the use of medicinal plants is a general challenge among consumers. To improve the use, it is necessary to provide complete profiles of the natural medications for quality control and the therapeutic and toxicity effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the structural and functional toxicity of the methanolic extracts of Salvia rhytidea and Glycine max plants in mice. Methods: After determining the LD50, NMRI mice with mean weight of 25-30 g were treated intraperitoneally with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, and orally with 800 mg/kg of the extracts for 7 consecutive days. After the last treatment, the serum samples were prepared and used for the biochemical assays. The liver and left kidney were removed from the animals and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological examinations. Results: The results indicated that the biochemical parameters of liver and kidneys were not significantly different among the experimental and control groups (P>0.05). Mild degenerative changes in the liver and kidneys were observed at the IP dose of 400 mg/kg and oral dose of 800 mg/kg of both extracts. Conclusion: The use of these plants’ extracts did not induce severe toxicity in the short-term; however, caution should be exercised with the long-term use.
The Tween 80 Toxicity in Chicken Embryos and Effect on the Kinetics of Newcastle Disease Virus Replication
Authors:   Poultry Vaccine Research and Production Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran., Shahsavandi Shahla , Ebrahimi Mohammad Majid ,   Poultry Vaccine Research and Production Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran., Ghadiri Mohammad Bagher ,   Poultry Vaccine Research and Production Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran., Samiee Mohammad Reza ,   Poultry Vaccine Research and Production Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background: Non-ionic surfactant, Tween-80 (TW80) is commonly used for drug delivery due to its effect on the cell membrane permeation. The change in permeability can also increase viral infectivity in cells. This study was undertaken to improve upon Newcastle disease virus (NDV) titer cultivated with embryonic chicken eggs. Methods: The toxicity of TW80 was investigated against chicken embryos at varying concentrations, and changes in the morphology and weights of the heart, liver, and spleen of 4-day old chicken embryos were analyzed. Also, the effect of non-toxic concentrations of TW80 was examined on the infectivity of NDV. The virus was titrated in the allantoic fluid, using a 50% embryo infectious dose (EID50). Results: At high concentrations of TW80, hemorrhage-induced mortality was observed in embryos at the early stages of incubation. The embryos’ viability was not affected at low TW80 concentrations, indicating that its toxicity to the chicken embryos was dose-dependent. The infectivity titer of NDV was increased in the presence of TW80 compared to those inoculated with NDV only. Conclusion: The data suggest that TW80 is toxic to chicken embryos at high concentrations, but it enhances cell membrane permeability for NDV particles at low concentrations without affecting the embryos’ viability.
Determination of Amphetamine and Methamphetamine by Dispersive Liquid Phase Micro-extraction: A Novel Experimental Approach
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran., Badakhshan Daruish , Ramezani Majid ,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background: A syringe to syringe dispersive liquid phase micro-extraction-floating organic drop was applied and used for the simultaneous extraction and pre-concentration of trace amounts of amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (MAMP) in urine samples. The extracted analytes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography along with diode array detection. Methods: In this study, n-hexane was selected as the extraction solvent without the need to use dispersive solvent. The analytical parameters affecting the micro-extraction efficiency, including pH of sample solution, extraction solvent volume, the cycles of extraction and time of centrifugation were investigated and optimized by screening and optimization experimental design methods. Results: Underoptimal conditions, the calibration curve had a linear range of 2-100 μg/L with the determination coefficient of R2=99.8 and R2=99.6 for AMP and MAMP, respectively. The limit of detection was 2 μg/L for AMP and MAMP, and the enrichment factor was 75 and 68 for AMP and MAMP, respectively. Conclusion: This method is very simple, rapid and has been successfully used for pre-concentration and measurement of the analytes in urine samples, which is important to forensic studies.
Carvedilol: A Promising Drug Combined With Lipid-lowering Medications for Patients With Hypertension and Heart Failure
Authors:   Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Zabihi Mohsen , Askarian Fatemeh ,   Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Hekmati Moghaddam Seyed Hossein ,   Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Rajaee Majid ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background: Statins frequently cause myopathy especially in combination with fibrates, and physical activity is considered a trigger for the muscle disorder. Elevated plasma levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aldolase, are the main indicators of the severity of myopathy. Carvedilol is commonly used with lipid-lowering drugs in the management of heart failure, hypertension and dyslipidemia. It is not yet clear whether carvedilol, an alpha and β blocker, and anti-oxidant, may influence the development of myopathy when combined with statins and fibrates in cardiac patients. Methods: In this animal experiment, a 10 days regimen containing oral atorvastatin and gemfibrozil at doses of 80 and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively, was used to induce myopathy in rats. The animals were forced to swim in a pool on days 8, 9 and 10 into the study. Carvedilol (2.5 mg/kg/day) was added to atorvastatin and gemfibrozil during the 10-day study period, in addition to the exercise protocol given to the treatment groups only. The mean of swimming tolerance times and the serum levels of CK, LDH and aldolase were measured at the completion of the study. Results: Carvedilol did not significantly alter the swimming tolerance time or the plasma levels of CK, LDH and aldolase in the rats receiving ATV, GMF and carvedilol plus the exercise protocol, compared with those that did not receive carvedilol (P>0.05). Conclusion: Carvedilol may be used in combination with lipid-lowering drug in the management of patients with heart failure and hypertension, pending its safety approval by clinical studies in humans.
Prevention of Lung Complications following Paraquat Poisoning by Silymarin, N-acetyl Cysteine and Hydrocortisone: An Experimental Study
Authors:   Clinical Toxicologist & Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Jamalian Mohammad , Solhi Hassan ,   Clinical Toxicologist & Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Ghasemi Parisa ,   Medical Practitioner, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences. Arak, Iran., Rahbari Ali ,   Pathologist & Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences. Arak, Iran., Kazemifar Amir Mohammad ,   Clinical Toxicologist & Associate Professor, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Qazvin, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background: Paraquat poisoning results in multi-organ failure, primarily pulmonary fibrosis, acute renal failure, and hepatic impairment. The present study was designed to evaluate three treatment regimens, such as N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC), silymarin and hydrocortisone in the prevention of lung fibrosis after ingestion of toxic doses of paraquat in rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=20) were randomly divided into four groups of five each. The drugs and paraquat were given to the rats orally. All rat groups received one oral dose of paraquat (10 mg/kg) once daily for 1 week. The first group received a daily oral dose of silymarin (600 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The second group received a daily oral dose of NAC (500 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The third group was given daily oral doses of NAC (500 mg/kg) and hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The fourth group (controls) received no drugs other than paraquat. The experiment continued for 4 weeks. After the experiment, autopsy was performed on all rats and the lungs were examined histopathologically. Results: The results of histopathology examinations for peribronchial inflammation in the groups were shown that NAC plus hydrocortisone and silymarin had notable effects in the prevention of lung inflammation. Septal widening in the lungs was also observed in group three less than that in the other groups. Conclusion: Based on the results, silymarin, NAC and hydrocortisone may be used as a palliative treatment in paraquat poisoning specifically aimed at preventing the acute and chronic lung injuries as the worst complication of the poisoning.
Effect of 8 Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) With and Without Calorie Restriction on Gene Expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 Proteins in Male Rats
Authors:   Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran., Zarali Mohammadreza , Etemad Zaher ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran., Azizbeigi Kamal ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran., Karimi Pouran ,   Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim Apoptosis or programmed death is active biological process and reversible that the balance between growth and cell death in various tissues, particularly myocardial tissue is essential role. The aim of this study was the effect of 8 weeks High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) with and without food restriction on gene expression of Caspase 3 and 9 in rats. Methods & Materials: This study was experimental multi group design with control group which conducted on 30 rats with two months old male. Subjects were divided in to five homogenous groups including base control, control, caloric restriction, interval exercise training and caloric restriction+interval exercise training. Training groups five sessions in weeks were participated in interval exercise training for 8 weeks. The level of gene expression of the proteins Caspase 3 and 9 was evaluated by Real Time-PCR. Dates were analyzed using the 1-way ANOVA at the level of (P<0.05). Ethical Considerations: The protocol of this study was approved by the Medical Committee of Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.MYK.REC.1397.5022). Results: The results showed that the training group had a significant decrease in gene expression of Caspase 3 in comparison with caloric restriction+exercise training (P<0.05). Also, exercise training and exercise training+caloric restriction significantly decrease in the gene expression of Caspase 9 compared to caloric restriction, base control and control (P<0.05) and significantly decrease in the gene expression of Caspase 3 compared to base control and control (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that high intensity interval training with and without calorie restriction provides the necessary adaptations to inhibit or stop apoptosis induced by aerobic exercise.
Multiple Organ Dysfunction and Acute Pancreatitis Following Wasp Stings
Authors: Shilpakar Olita , Rajbhandari Bibek , Karki Bipin , Bogati Umesh 
Published: November 2020

Wasp stings are common in our part of the world and may cause complications ranging from mild local reactions to fatal anaphylaxis. Severe cases may present with multisystem involvement causing acute kidney injury, hepatic dysfunction, clotting abnormalities, rhabdomyolysis or even death. However, cases with acute pancreatitis as a complication of wasp sting is not usual and have been very rarely reported. We present a case of a fifty-two-year-old lady with the history of multiple wasp stings followed by multiple organ dysfunction and acute pancreatitis with complete recovery following immediate conservative measures.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury; multiple organ dysfunction; pancreatitis; wasp; sting
Successful Treatment of Giant Intracranial Aneurysm Using Flow-Diverter Device: First Experience in Nepal
Authors: Phuyal Subash , Agrawal Pooja , Lamsal Ritesh , Neupane Nirmal Prasad , Sedain Gopal 
Published: November 2020

Giant intracranial aneurysms are defined as aneurysms that measure over 25 mm in the greatest dimension. They are rare vascular lesions that preferentially involve regions with high-velocity blood flow, such as the cavernous and supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid artery, the middle cerebral artery, the vertebrobasilar region, and the basilar apex. The treatment of giant aneurysms is challenging and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Flow-diverter devices have revolutionized their treatment in recent times. We report the successful management of two patients with giant cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysms using flow-diverter devices for the first time in Nepal.
Keywords: Endovascular; flow-diverter devices; giant aneurysm
Challenges and Way Forward for Establishing Population Based Cancer Registry in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Ranjeeta , Dhimal Meghnath , Budukh Atul , Gyawali Pradeep , Jha Anjani Kumar 
Published: November 2020

Population Based Cancer Registry plays a crucial role in cancer control through identifying cancer incidence, mortality, pattern and trends over time in a particular population. The registry is in a very infancy stage in Nepal. During the process of establishing Population Based Cancer Registry in Nepal, the major challenges include adequate coverage of the cases, high cost of registration, sustainability along with expansion of the registry to other regions and non-linkage of Hospital Based Cancer Registry with Population Based Cancer Registry. However, the approach of mobilization of field enumerators at the end of year once had increased coverage of the cases. Similarly, the linkage of Population Based Cancer Registry with the existing Health Management and Information System will help in developing sustainable Population Based Cancer Registry and also provides an opportunity to increase coverage and expand it to other districts as well.
Keywords: Challenges; Nepal; population based cancer registry; way forward
The Grim Reality of Health System Uncovered with COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal
Authors: Nepal Richa , Bhattarai Bharosha 
Published: November 2020

With advent of community transmission of COVID-19 in Nepal, the number of cases continues to rise and poses threat to the fragile health system of our country. ‘Trace, isolate, test and treat’ is the strategy advocated by World Health Organization to fight against COVID-19. Despite the efforts for last nine months, Nepal lacks in some aspect of this strategy. Lack of prompt testing facilities and substandard quarantine and isolation centers, have led to mismanagement of cases. The panic regarding COVID-19, lack of adequate protective measures to healthcare workers in early stage of the pandemic, and nation-wise lockdown, has led to collateral damage in the form of increased morbidity and mortality due to non-COVID related illnesses. COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the grim reality of the debilitated health system of our country. With mass influx of Nepali migrant workers, the epidemic is expected to grow exponentially. We need to understand that the health system of Nepal must be prepared to function to its maximum capacity in the coming days.
Keywords: COVID-19; health; Nepal; pandemic
Effect Of 12 Station Circuit Training On Antopometry Obesity (Case Study)
Authors: Samodra Y. Touvan Juni 
Published: November 2020

Obesity was degenerative issues in the communities. The research gave treatment 12 stations. Two samples, one over weight and obese the othe one. This research applied eksperiment with cirkuit 12 station, three sets and 16 time training. The intensity of training was 75%. Data analyzed by descriptive statistic. Research showed that the subjek with obese category weight loss 20 kg and 0.5 kg for the othe one. Two subjek were reduce in skin fold antropometry measurements (chest, abdomen, thight) also in around abdomen and hip. One subjek hipertropy in thigth Gastronemius and bicep triceps, ones subjek were hypertropi in the bicep tricep. Based on the case concluded, witth 75% intensity could be reduce weight and skinfold measurements result.