bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of EZH2 attenuates coronary heart disease by interacting with microRNA‐22 to regulate the TXNIP/nuclear factor‐κB pathway
Authors: Liu Yong , Dai Chuanzhong , Lei Yuping , Wu Wenzhen , Liu Wen 
Published: October 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?The relevance of microRNA‐22 (miR‐22) has been indicated in coronary heart disease (CHD). How does it exert a protective role in CHD?
What is the main finding and its importance?EZH2 inhibited transcription of the miR‐22 promoter, thus modulating cell proliferation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells to induce CHD.
AbstractMicroRNA‐22 (miR‐22) was indicated to modulate cell proliferation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under exposure to environmental toxicants. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of miR‐22 in the mediation of HUVEC and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function, hence in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). miR‐22 expression was reduced in serum of CHD patients. Restoration of miR‐22 decreased the proliferation, migration and invasion of VSMCs and increased apoptotic cells and inflammatory factors. In contrast, upregulation of miR‐22 led to opposite trends in HUVECs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase assays validated that enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) inhibited transcription of miR‐22 promoter. EZH2, overexpressed in serum from CHD patients, diminished VSMC apoptosis, but facilitated HUVEC apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) was a new direct target of miR‐22. Overexpression of TXNIP blocked the function of miR‐22 in HUVECs and VSMCs. Taken together, these findings will shed light on the role and mechanism of EZH2 in viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis via the miR‐22/TXNIP axis in VSMCs and HUVECs, which might provide new insights into the treatment of CHD.
On the Analytical Determination of the Nominal Stresses in Dovetail Attachments
Authors: Sinclair G. B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Simple physical models are developed for the nominal contact stresses in dovetail attachments. These nominal stresses include the pressure, the shear traction, and the bending stress in the contact region, both during loading up and unloading. The models furnish closed-form expressions for these stresses. For a specific dovetail attachment, model values are compared with verified finite element values. As a result of the simplifications introduced to make the models tractable, model values only approximately equal finite element values. Nonetheless, the models capture the essential elements of the response of nominal stresses in dovetail attachments.
Eddy Resolving Strategies in Turbomachinery and Peripheral Components
Authors: Tucker P. G. , Wang Z. N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The successful application of eddy resolving simulations to most areas of a modern gas turbine aeroengine is considered. A coherent modeling framework is presented to address coupling challenges. A flow classification is also given. The extensive results presented are shown to be promising but many challenges remain. In the short term, the use of eddy resolving simulations should see greater use in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and lower-order model calibration/development—this is starting to happen already. Ideally, in the near future, RANS, large eddy simulation (LES), and test should work in harmony. It is advocated that currently, certain costly engineering design problems can be avoided or understood using scale resolving simulations.
Co-Branding Through an International Double Degree Program: A Single Case Study in Sport Management Education
Authors: Ströbel Tim , Ridpath B. David , Woratschek Herbert , O’Reilly Norm , Buser Markus , Pfahl Michael 
Published: October 2020

Scholars forecast that globalization will require sport managers to have competencies in international business. Sport, due to its global nature, has become an international business, leading to sport management programs at postsecondary institutions growing in number and the marketing of such programs becoming a key success factor. In an increasingly competitive educational environment, both effective curriculum offerings and innovative marketing, including branding, are important for a successful sport management program. This article shares a case study of innovative marketing—the co-branding through a double degree program between two long-standing sport management programs, one in North America (Ohio University, United States) and one in Europe (University of Bayreuth, Germany). This program is designed to enhance international education, as well as global internship and job-placement opportunities. The details of the double degree program within the background of co-branding are presented as a pedagogical framework for international education. Data from a survey of industry professionals are analyzed to demonstrate the need for such an international double degree program. Results provide a template for replication by other institutions and identify potential future research.
Thin crème brûlée rheological structure for the Eastern California Shear Zone
Authors: Liu Shaozhuo , Shen Zheng-Kang , Bürgmann Roland , Jónsson Sigurjón 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSince the occurrence of the 1992 CE Mw 7.3 Landers and 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes in the Mojave Desert (California, USA), postseismic deformation following both earthquakes has been intensively studied, and models with a strong crust overlying a low-viscosity mantle asthenosphere have been favored. However, we recently found that the near-field postseismic transients after the two earthquakes have lasted longer than previously thought, which requires a revision of the postseismic modeling. Our new modeling results based on the revised postseismic transients show that: (1) the effective viscosity of the lower crust beneath the Mojave region at the decadal time scale is ∼2 × 1020 Pa·s (transient viscosity ∼2 × 1019 Pa·s), i.e., only ∼5 times that of the underlying mantle asthenosphere, and (2) the transient viscosity of the upper mantle exhibits a time-dependent increase, providing fresh geodetic evidence for frequency-dependent rheology (e.g., Andrade or extended Burgers rheology). The inferred transient rheology for the first year agrees well with that obtained for the July 2019 Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquakes ∼180 km north of the two Mojave events. Our modeling results support a thin crème brûlée model for the Eastern California Shear Zone (part of the Pacific-North America plate boundary) in which both the lower crust and the upper mantle exhibit ductility at decadal time scales.
Dendritic reidite from the Chesapeake Bay impact horizon, Ocean Drilling Program Site 1073 (offshore northeastern USA): A fingerprint of distal ejecta?
Authors: Cavosie Aaron J. , Biren Marc B. , Hodges Kip V. , Wartho Jo-Anne , Horton J. Wright , Koeberl Christian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
High-pressure minerals provide records of processes not normally preserved in Earth’s crust. Reidite, a quenchable polymorph of zircon, forms at pressures &gt;20 GPa during shock compression. However, there is no broad consensus among empirical, experimental, and theoretical studies on the nature of the polymorphic transformation. Here we decipher a multistage history of reidite growth recorded in a zircon grain in distal impact ejecta (offshore northeastern United States) from the ca. 35 Ma Chesapeake Bay impact event which, remarkably, experienced near-complete conversion (89%) to reidite. The grain displays two distinctive reidite habits: (1) intersecting sets of planar lamellae that are dark in cathodoluminescence (CL); and (2) dendritic epitaxial overgrowths on the lamellae that are luminescent in CL. While the former is similar to that described in literature, the latter has not been previously reported. A two-stage growth model is proposed for reidite formation at &gt;40 GPa in Chesapeake Bay impact ejecta: formation of lamellar reidite by shearing during shock compression, followed by dendrite growth, also at high pressure, via recrystallization. The dendritic reidite is interpreted to nucleate on lamellae and replace damaged zircon adjacent to lamellae, which may be amorphous ZrSiO4 or possibly an intermediate phase, all before quenching. These results provide new insights on the microstructural evolution of the high-pressure polymorphic transformation over the microseconds-long interval of reidite stability during meteorite impact. Given the formation conditions, dendritic reidite may be a unique indicator of distal ejecta.
Microbial sulfate reduction plays an important role at the initial stage of subseafloor sulfide mineralization
Authors: Nozaki Tatsuo , Nagase Toshiro , Ushikubo Takayuki , Shimizu Kenji , Ishibashi Jun-ichiro ,   and the D/V Chikyu Expedition 909 Scientists
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Seafloor hydrothermal deposits form when hydrothermal fluid mixes with ambient seawater, and constituent sulfide minerals are usually interpreted to precipitate abiogenically. Recent research drilling at Izena Hole and Iheya North Knoll in the middle Okinawa Trough (East China Sea), combined with secondary ion mass spectrometry determinations of δ34S in pyrite grains, provides compelling evidence that the initial stage of subseafloor sulfide mineralization is closely associated with microbial sulfate reduction. During the sulfide maturation process, pyrite textures progress from framboidal to colloform to euhedral. Pyrite δ34S has highly negative values (as low as –38.9‰) in framboidal pyrite, which systematically increase toward positive values in colloform and euhedral pyrite. Sulfur isotope fractionation between seawater sulfate (+21.2‰) and framboidal pyrite (–38.9‰) is as great as –60‰, which can be attained only by microbial sulfate reduction in an open system. Because framboidal pyrite is commonly replaced by chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, framboidal pyrite appears to function as the starting material (nucleus) of other sulfide minerals. We conclude that framboidal pyrite, containing microbially reduced sulfur, plays an important role at the initial stage of subseafloor sulfide mineralization.
On the destructive tendencies of cratons
Authors: Cooper C.M. , Farrington R.J. , Miller M.S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe propose that subducting slabs may cause lithospheric removal by directing mantle flow along the craton margin. This process could carve and shape the cratons, leading to conditions that impact the overall (in)stability of the lithosphere. We use three-dimensional geodynamic models to investigate how subduction-driven directed flow interacts with cratonic lithosphere of differing shape, concluding that the margin shape controls both channelization of flow around the craton as well as the potential for destruction. While the simulations show that all craton shapes aid in channelization, the cratons with straight vertical margins are the most resistant to deformation, and the cratons with gradually thickening margins are less resistant to deformation. The dependence on shape could contribute to the progressive removal of cratonic lithosphere along its margin in a runaway process until a more stable vertical margin shape evolves.
Closing the gap on institutional delivery in northern India: a case study of how integrated machine learning approaches can enable precision public health
Authors: Huang Vincent S , Morris Kasey , Jain Mokshada , Ramesh Banadakoppa Manjappa , Kemp Hannah , Blanchard James , Isac Shajy , Sarkar Bidyut , Gothalwal Vikas , Namasivayam Vasanthakumar , Kumar Pankaj , Sgaier Sema K 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionMeeting ambitious global health goals with limited resources requires a precision public health (PxPH) approach. Here we describe how integrating data collection optimisation, traditional analytics and causal artificial intelligence/machine learning (ML) can be used in a use case for increasing hospital deliveries of newborns in Uttar Pradesh, India.MethodsUsing a systematic behavioural framework we designed a large-scale survey on perceptual, interpersonal and structural drivers of women’s behaviour around childbirth (n=5613). Multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with institutional delivery (ID). Causal ML determined the cause-and-effect ordering of these factors. Variance decomposition was used to parse sources of variation in delivery location, and a supervised learning algorithm was used to distinguish population subgroups.ResultsAmong the factors found associated with ID, the causal model showed that having a delivery plan (OR=6.1, 95% CI 6.0 to 6.3), believing the hospital is safer than home (OR=5.4, 95% CI 5.1 to 5.6) and awareness of financial incentives were direct causes of ID (OR=3.4, 95% CI 3.3 to 3.5). Distance to the hospital, borrowing delivery money and the primary decision-maker were not causal. Individual-level factors contributed 69% of variance in delivery location. The segmentation analysis showed four distinct subgroups differentiated by ID risk perception, parity and planning.ConclusionThese findings generate a holistic picture of the drivers and barriers to ID in Uttar Pradesh and suggest distinct intervention points for different women. This demonstrates data optimised to identify key behavioural drivers, coupled with traditional and ML analytics, can help design a PxPH approach that maximise the impact of limited resources.
Feasibility and effectiveness of home-based therapy programmes for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Beckers Laura W M E , Geijen Mellanie M E , Kleijnen Jos , A A Rameckers Eugene , L A P Schnackers Marlous , J E M Smeets Rob , Janssen-Potten Yvonne J M 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and effectiveness of home-based occupational therapy and physiotherapy programmes in children with cerebral palsy (CP), focusing on the upper extremity and reporting on child-related and/or parent-related outcomes.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesElectronic searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, OTseeker and PEDro, and in ICTRP and CENTRAL trial registers, from inception to 6 June 2019.Eligible criteriaThe review included all types of original studies concerning feasibility or effectiveness of home-based therapy in children aged <18 years with any type of CP. No language, publication status or publication date restrictions were applied.Data extraction and synthesisStudy and intervention characteristics and the demographics of participating children and their parents were extracted. Feasibility was assessed by outcomes related to acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, adaptation, expansion or integration. Regarding effectiveness, child-related outcome measures related to any level of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, or parent-related outcomes were investigated. Two authors independently extracted the data. Risk of bias was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist.ResultsThe search resulted in a total of 92 records: 61 studies and 31 conference abstracts. Feasibility studies reported mainly on acceptability and implementation. Overall compliance to home-based training programmes (implementation) was moderate to high, ranging from 56% to 99%. In the effectiveness studies, >40 different child-related outcome measures were found. Overall, an improvement in arm-hand performance within group across time was shown. Only two studies reported on a parent-related outcome measure. No increase in parental stress was found during the intervention.ConclusionsBased on the results of the included studies, home-based training programmes seem to be feasible. However, conclusions about the effectiveness of home programmes cannot be made due to the large variability in the study, patient and intervention characteristics, comparators, and outcome measures used in the included studies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016043743.
Competing risk of mortality on loss to follow-up outcome among patients with HIV on ART: a retrospective cohort study from the Zimbabwe national ART programme
Authors: Matsena Zingoni Zvifadzo , Chirwa Tobias , Todd Jim , Musenge Eustasius 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the loss to follow-up (LTFU) rates at different healthcare levels after antiretroviral therapy (ART) services decentralisation among ART patients who initiated ART between 2004 and 2017 using the competing risk model in addition to the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regressions analysis.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingThe study was done in Zimbabwe using a nationwide routinely collected HIV patient-level data from various health levels of care facilities compiled through the electronic patient management system (ePMS).ParticipantsWe analysed 390 771 participants aged 15 years and above from 538 health facilities.OutcomesThe primary endpoint was LTFU defined as a failure of a patient to report for drug refill for at least 90 days from last appointment date or if the patient missed the next scheduled visit date and never showed up again. Mortality was considered a secondary outcome if a patient was reported to have died.ResultsThe total exposure time contributed was 1 544 468 person-years. LTFU rate was 5.75 (95% CI 5.71 to 5.78) per 100 person-years. Adjustment for the competing event independently increased LTFU rate ratio in provincial and referral (adjusted sub-HRs (AsHR) 1.22; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.26) and district and mission (AsHR 1.47; 95% CI 1.45 to 1.50) hospitals (reference: primary healthcare); in urban sites (AsHR 1.61; 95% CI 1.59 to 1.63) (reference: rural); and among adolescence and young adults (15–24 years) group (AsHR 1.19; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.21) (reference: 35–44 years). We also detected overwhelming association between LTFU and tuberculosis-infected patients (AsHR 1.53; 95% CI 1.45 to 1.62) (reference: no tuberculosis).ConclusionsWe have observed considerable findings that ‘leakages’ (LTFU) within the ART treatment cascade persist even after the decentralisation of health services. Risk factors for LTFU reflect those found in sub-Saharan African studies. Interventions that retain patients in care by minimising any ‘leakages’ along the treatment cascade are essential in attaining the 90–90–90 UNAIDS fast-track targets.
Mixed-method evaluation of a community-based postpartum support program: a study protocol
Authors: Etowa Josephine , Johnston Amy , Jama Zahra , Eccles Kristin M , Ashton Alicia 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionBecoming a parent is one of the most significant events an individual will experience in their lifetime. The postpartum period can be a difficult time, especially for mothers, who may require extra support during this challenging time. The proposed study seeks to understand the issue of postpartum support for mothers and their families. It will address this aim by using the Mothercraft Ottawa Postpartum Support Drop-in Program as real-life illustration of a community-based service organisation delivering these services.Methods and analysisA three-phased mixed-method programme evaluation guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) evaluation framework and the tenets of community-based participatory research. Instrumental case study methodology will be employed to gain an in-depth understanding of what impact(s) the programme is having on mothers, their partners and their families (phase I-qualitative). A questionnaire, regression modelling, and geospatial analysis will be conducted to gain a deeper understanding of specific programme outputs and to generate information that will help inform programme reach (phase II-quantitative). Study phase III will focus on knowledge translation activities to stakeholders and the broader academic community.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was granted by the University of Ottawa Research Ethics Board (H-12-18-1492). The results of this study will be disseminated at a community workshop, in an academic thesis, at academic conferences and in peer-reviewed publications.
Physical activity and health promotion for nursing staff in elderly care: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Otto Ann-Kathrin , Pietschmann Juliane , Appelles Luisa-Marie , Bebenek Michael , Bischoff Laura L , Hildebrand Claudia , Johnen Bettina , Jöllenbeck Thomas , Kemmler Wolfgang , Klotzbier Thomas , Korbus Heide , Rudisch Julian , Schott Nadja , Schoene Daniel , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia , Vogel Oliver , Vogt Lutz , Weigelt Matthias , Wilke Jan , Zwingmann Katharina , Wollesen Bettina 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionNursing staff is burdened by high workload and stress. Furthermore, heavy lifting, as well as transferring nursing home residents, cause lumbar tissue damage and back pain. Exercise intervention studies to reduce work-related problems are rare and the evidence for efficacy of studies among nurses is limited. Studies including targeted analysis of requirements are necessary to generate effective recommendations and tailored interventions for health promotion programmes. The purpose of this multicentred intervention study is to identify work-related problems, to implement health promotion programmes and to evaluate their effectiveness.Methods and analysisA randomised controlled trial will be conducted, including a total of 48 nursing home facilities in eight regions of Germany with an estimated sample size of 700 nurses. Standardised ergonomics and posture training (10 weeks, once a week for 20–30 min) and subsequently, back-fitness training (12 weeks, once a week for 45–60 min) will be administered. Following the implementation of standardised health promotion programmes, further demand-oriented interventions can be implemented. The perceived exposure to work-related demands, work-related pain in different parts of the body, health-related quality of life, perceived stress, work-related patterns of behaviour and experience, presentism behaviour, work environment as well as general needs and barriers to health promotion, will be assessed at baseline (pre-test), at 10 weeks (post-test, after ergonomics training), at 22 weeks (post-test, after back-fitness training) and at 34 weeks of the programme (follow-up).Ethics and disseminationThe study was reviewed and approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Hamburg (AZ: 2018_168). The results of the study will be published in open-access and international journals. Furthermore, the results will be presented in the participating nursing homes and at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS.de (DRKS00015241).