bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Roles of Coping Styles and Resilience in the Relationship between Perceived Social Support and Posttraumatic Growth among Primary Caregivers of Schizophrenic Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chen Wu , M.D Yaping , Ma Songcui , Jing Guojian , Zhou Wei , Qu Lei , Wang Zitong , Cheng Mei , Wu Yulong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite the substantial burden of caring schizophrenic patients, primary caregivers can also experience posttraumatic growth (PTG) which may buffer their negative experience. Influencing factors of PTG and their functional pathways among primary caregivers of schizophrenic patients remain unclear. This study is designed to test the simple and serial mediating roles of coping styles and resilience in the relationship between perceived social support and PTG among those primary caregivers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to January 2019, and 365 primary caregivers (self-reported) of schizophrenic patients were analyzed. Measures used to assess their perceived social support, coping styles, resilience, and PTG were the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to run the analysis.Results: The average scores of PTG (range: 0-5), perceived social support (range: 1-7), positive coping style (range: 0-3), negative coping style (range: 0-3), resilience (range: 0-4) reported by primary caregivers was (2.91 ± 0.99), (4.80 ± 1.26), (1.79 ± 0.65), (1.49 ± 0.56), and (2.46 ± 0.66), respectively. The fitness indices of measurement and structural models were satisfactory. Three indirect pathways totally explained 55.56% variance of the PTG. The indirect effect of positive coping style between perceived social support and PTG was 0.20 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05 to 0.37], and this simple mediation pathway explained 27.78% variance of PTG. The indirect effect of resilience between perceived social support and PTG was 0.11 [95% CI 0.01 to 0.20], and this simple mediation pathway explained 15.28% variance of PTG. The indirect effect of positive coping style and then resilience between perceived social support and PTG was 0.09 [95% CI 0.01 to 0.17], and this serial mediation pathway explained 12.50% variance of PTG. Conclusions: Both simple and serial mediation roles of positive coping style and resilience are established in the relationship between perceived social support and PTG among primary caregivers of schizophrenic patients. Positive coping style and resilience are two important targets for future interventional studies, and interventions on them may bring the synergistic effect on improving PTG.
Prevalence and predictors of ocular complications among children with nephrotic syndrome in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Nakubulwa Faith , Lusobya Rebecca Claire , Batte Anthony , Ssuna Bashir , Nakanjako Damalie , Nakiyingi Lydia , Nalukenge Caroline , Onen Francis Sebabi , Mulinde Ben , Otiti-Sengeri Juliet 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerulopathy among children aged 2–18 years and high dose corticosteroids are the backbone of its management. Potentially blinding ocular complications often result from nephrotic syndrome and/or its treatment. We conducted a study to determine the prevalence and predictors of ocular complications among children with nephrotic syndrome receiving care at Mulago National Referral Hospital.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted for three (3) months at pediatric renal unit of Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH). Data from a consecutive sample of 100 children was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, entered into Epi-data 4.4.2 and exported to STATA 14 for analysis at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. A robust Poisson regression model was used to identify predictors of ocular complications.
Results
Out of 100 patients examined, 80(80%) had ocular complications. The median age was 10 (IQR: 7–12) and 52 (52%) were girls. The most frequent complications were hypertrichosis and refractive errors in 71%(95%CI 61.1–79.6) and 56%(95%CI 45.7–65.9) of the patients respectively. Age above 10 years was the predictor for ocular complications with a RR = 1.37 (95%CI:1.14–1.64) P = 0.001.
Conclusions
We found a high prevalence of ocular complications among children with nephrotic syndrome in this tertiary hospital. The predictor of ocular complications was age greater than 10 years. We recommend that all children with nephrotic syndrome undergo a baseline ocular examination prior to commencement of treatment and be reviewed periodically by an ophthalmologist.
Beyond the brain: towards a mathematical modeling of emotions
Authors: Ambrosio Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Emotions are a central key for understanding human beings and of fundamental importance regarding their impact in human and animal behaviors. They have been for a long time a subject of study for various scholars including in particular philosophers and mystics [ 30, 6, 8, 36, 4, 23, 28, 32 ]. In modern science, the emotional phenomenon has attracted for a few decades an increasing number of studies, notably in the fields of Psychology, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Biochemistry [ 1, 2, 3, 10, 12, 17, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 33, 35 ]. However, since our perception of emotions is not, so far, directly detectable nor recordable by our measure instruments, Physics and Mathematics have not been so far used academically to provide a precise description of the phenomenon of feeling an emotion. Relying upon the works of O. Elahi [ 11, 15 ] and on the hypothesis that the human soul and its psyche may manifest in ourselves (in both conscious and unconscious manner) in an analog way as electromagnetic waves [ 14 ], we propose here a few mathematical descriptions consistent with the human personal experience, of the feeling and cognition of emotions. As far as we know, such a mathematical description has never been provided before. It allows a quantitative (intensity) and qualitative (nature of feelings/frequency) of the emotional phenomenon which provides a novel scientific approach of the nature of the mind, complementary to the on going research of physiological manifestation of emotions. We anticipate such an approach and mathematical modeling to become an important tool to describe emotions and their subsequent behavior. In complement of the modeling of oscillations and brain dynamics[ 5, 9, 29 ], it provides a fruitful direction of research with potentially broad and deep impacts in both applied mathematics, physics, cognitive and behavioral sciences.
The Microfoundations of Physicians’ Managerial Attitude
Authors: Vincenzo Fausto Di , Angelozzi Daria , Morandi Federica 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background. Accountable care has profoundly changed the organizational models adopted by health care organizations and, consequently, the skill set required for doctor-managers who have become middle managers and must deal with the operational management of their units. The aim of this study was to identify the psychological microfoundations (i.e., traits) of physicians’ managerial attitude. Specifically, we analysed the roles played by narcissism, specialization choices and identification with the organization. Methods. We collected primary data on a population of ward unit heads in the Italian National Health Service. A logistic regression model predicting the levels of managerial attitude was employed. Results. The results indicate that high levels of narcissism and identification with the organization are related with higher managerial attitude (instead of clinical attitude). Additionally, we found that physicians with a technique-oriented specialization present a higher probability of manifesting managerial attitude (in comparison to clinical attitude). Conclusions. Hospital managers can benefit from the use of these findings by developing a strategic approach to human resource management that allows them to identify, train and select the right mix of technical knowledge and managerial skills for middle management roles.
“Validation of a Cyberbullying Questionnaire as a Screening Tool for Other Forms of Intimate-Partner Violence Towards Young Women”
Authors: Hernández-García Lucía , Castañeda Myrian Pichiule , Lozano Luisa Lasheras , Alcaide Marisa Pires , Gavín María Ordobás , Grande Ana Gandarillas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fundamentals:The use of electronic media is widespread among young people and is a potential tool for the perpetration of intimate-partner violence (IPV) towards women. The aim of this study is to validate two questions focused on harassment and control by electronic tools (HCE-2) as a screening tool for the detection of IPV in young women.Methodology:The data source was the third Community of Madrid IPV survey in 2014. The screening tool consisted of two questions with five possible answers prepared by a group of experts. The gold-standard definition of IPV was that of a questionnaire of 26 questions. The validity indices (with 95% confidence intervals) were compared between two age groups: 18-24 and 25-29 years.Results:The response rate was 68.7%, and 477 surveys were analyzed. The prevalence of IPV was 10.7% (95% CI: 8.2-13.8). HCE-2 was positive in 5.9% (95% CI: 4.1-8.4). The overall efficiency of the test was 93.5% (95% CI: 91.1-96.7), sensitivity 47.1% (95% CI: 33.7-60.8), specificity 99.1% (95% CI: 97.5-99.6), and positive predictive value 85.7% (95% CI: 67.1-94.6). The best validity indices of the questionnaire were observed in women aged 18 to 24 years: overall efficiency of the test 95.1% (95% CI: 92.6-97.7), sensitivity 62.5% (95% CI: 44.5-77.6), specificity 99.6% (95% CI: 97.0-99.9), and positive predictive value 95.2% (95% CI: 71.7-99.4).Conclusions:The existing need to improve the detection of IPV in young women and the good validity indices observed here justify the recommendation of the HCE-2 questionnaire as a screening tool in young women.
The Effects of Secondary Iron Overload and Iron Chelation on A Radiation-Induced Acute Myeloid Leukemia Mouse Model
Authors: Chan Lap Shu Alan , Gu Lilly ChunHong , Wells Richard A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) require chronic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion due to anemia. Multiple RBC transfusions cause secondary iron overload and subsequent excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to mutations, cell death, organ failure, and inferior disease outcomes. We hypothesize that iron loading promotes AML development by increasing oxidative stress and disrupting important signaling pathways in the bone marrow cells (BMCs). Conversely, iron chelation therapy (ICT) using deferasirox may reduce AML risk by lowering iron burden in the iron-loaded animals.Methods: We utilized a radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia (RI-AML) animal model. Iron overload was introduced via intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran, and iron chelation via oral gavage of deferasirox. A total of 86 irradiated B6D2F1 mice with various levels of iron burden were monitored for leukemia development over a period of 70 weeks. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was utilized to assess leukemia free survival. In addition, a second cohort of 30 mice was assigned for early analysis at 5 and 7 months post-irradiation. The BMCs of the early cohort were assessed for alterations of signaling pathways, DNA damage response and gene expression. Statistical significance was established using Student’s t-test or ANOVA.Results: Iron loading in irradiated B6D2F1 mice accelerated AML development. However, there was a progressive decrease in AML risk for irradiated mice with increase in iron burden from 7.5 to 15 to 30 mg. In addition, ICT decreased AML incidence in the 7.5 mg iron-loaded irradiated mice, while AML onset was earlier for the 30 mg iron-loaded irradiated mice that received ICT. Furthermore, analysis of BMCs from irradiated mice at earlier intervals revealed accelerated dysregulation of signaling pathways upon iron loading, while ICT partially mitigated the effects.Conclusions: We concluded that iron is a promoter of leukemogenesis in vivo up to a peak iron dose, but further iron loading decreases AML risk by increasing cell death. ICT can partially mitigate the adverse effects of iron overload, and to maximize its benefit this intervention should be undertaken prior to the development of extreme iron overload.
Health Care Workers’ Experiences of Workplace Incidents that Posed a Risk of Patient and Worker Injury: A Critical Incident Technique Analysis
Authors: Strid Emma Nilsing , Wåhlin Charlotte , Ros Axel , Kvarnström Susanne 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Health care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of occupational injuries and approximately 10-15% of patients are affected by an adverse event during their hospital stay. There is scarce scientific literature about how HCWs manage these risks in practice and what support they need. This knowledge is needed to improve safety for patients and HCWs. This study explores HCWs’ experiences of workplace incidents that led to injury or posed a risk of patient and worker injury, with focus on HCWs’ actions and emotions.Methods This study employed a qualitative design using the critical incident technique. Semi-structured individual interviews were held with 34 HCWs from three regions in Sweden. Data were analysed using inductive category development. Results Altogether 71 workplace incidents were reported. The analysis of two dimensions – actions HCWs take and emotions they feel when a workplace incident occurs – yielded two main areas each: HCWs’ actions, actions by the team and managers, anxiety during the incident, and persistent distress after the incident. Health care workers risked their own safety and health to provide patient safety. Teamwork and trustful relationships were critical for patient and worker safety. Support and validation from colleagues and managers were important for closure; unsatisfactory manager response and insufficient opportunities to debrief the incident could lead to persistent negative emotions. Participants described insecurity and fear, sadness over being injured at work, and shame and self-regret when the patient or themselves were injured. When the workplace had not taken the expected action, they felt anger and resignation, often turning into long-term distress. Conclusions Work situations leading to injury or risk of patient and worker injury are emotionally distressing for HCWs. Team interplay may facilitate safe and dynamic practices and help HCWs overcome negative emotions. Organizational support is imperative for individual closure. For safety in health care, employers need to develop strategies for active management of risks, avoiding injuries and providing support after an injury.
Attempted Control of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Calves by Only Changing The Quality of Milk Fed to Calves
Authors: Steuer Pamela , Tejeda Carlos , Moroni Manuel , Verdugo Cristóbal , Collins Michael T. , Salgado Miguel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The most important route of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) transmission is fecal-oral and milk is an important vehicle for MAP transmission to dairy calves. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of treatments for milk being fed to calves as a means of preventing MAP infection transmission. A one-year longitudinal study was carried out on a Chilean dairy farm. New-born calves were assigned to one of four experimental groups. Five calves received naturally MAP-contaminated milk. For comparison, 5 calves received the same milk after treatment with copper ions, 4 calves were fed commercial calf milk replacer and 3 were fed UHT pasteurized milk designed for human consumption purchased from retail stores. MAP concentrations were estimated for copper-treated and untreated milk. Infection progression was monitored monthly. After one year, calves were euthanized, and tissue samples were cultured and visually examined.Results: MAP was undetectable in calf milk replacer and UHT milk. Copper ions treatment significantly reduced the number of viable MAP in naturally contaminated milk. Fecal shedding of MAP was observed in all study groups, but the group of calves fed untreated, naturally contaminated milk began to shed MAP earlier than the rest.Conclusions: Strict dependence on a single intervention to block infection transmission, no matter how important, may fail to control this insidious infection on dairy farms. To be successful, paratuberculosis control programs must use multiple methods to interrupt infection transmission between the source, MAP-infected adult cows, and the most susceptible animals on the farm, young calves.
Identification of Seven Hub Genes as the Novel Biomarkers in Triple-negative Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Wu Huanxian , Lian Huining , Chen Qianqing , Yang Jinlamao , Ou Baofang , Quan Dongling , Zhou Lei , Lv Lin , Liu Minfeng , Wu Shaoyu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality among women. Compared with the other breast cancer subtypes, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a higher probability of recurrence and is prone to distant metastasis. To reveal the underlying disease mechanisms and identify more effective biomarkers for TNBC and breast cancer metastasis. Methods: Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analysis were used for investigating the role of overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Hub genes among these DEGs were determined by the protein-protein interactions network analysis and CytoHubba. Oncomine databases were used for verifying the clinical relevance of hub genes. Furthermore, the differences in the expression of these genes in cancer and normal tissues were validated in the cellular, animal and human tissue.Results: Seven hub genes, including TTK, KIF11, SPAG5, RRM2, BUB1, CDCA8 and CDC25C, were identified that might be associated with TNBC and breast cancer metastasis. Meanwhile, these genes have been verified highly expressed in tumor cells and tumor tissues, and patients with higher expression of these genes have a poorer prognosis. Conclusions: Seven hub genes were potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and therapy of TNBC and breast cancer metastasis.
Prognostic Score and Associations With Survival Improvement Offered by Radiotherapy After Surgery for Adenocarcinomas of Parotid Gland: A Population-based Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Qiu Wenlong , Zhang Wenhao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy (RT) after surgery is a treatment option in the management of parotid adenocarcinoma, and the role of adjuvant RT for parotid adenocarcinoma remains to be clarified. The survival benefit of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) based on prognostic risk factors needs further determination.Materials and methods: In this retrospective cohort study using SEER data, patients were divided into surgery+RT (RT group) and surgery alone (non-RT group). A prognostic risk model was constructed to stratify patients based on the survival rate. We performed a Cox regression analysis with propensity score weighting to evaluate survival benefit between the two groups. Results: We identified 2223 eligible patients with parotid adenocarcinoma, 1449 (65.2%) in the RT group and 774 (34.8%) in the non-RT group. Overall, 674 cancer-specific deaths occurred over a median follow-up of 141 months, the overall survival (OS) of RT group was better than that of non-RT group in the weighted analysis (HR=0.656, 95% CI=0.487-0.882, P=0.005). Significant survival improvements in the RT group compared with the non-RT group were only observed in patients with high risk (HR=0.647, 95% CI=0.426-0.983, P=0.041). The survival benefit of RT was significantly correlated with prognostic risk stratification (P<.001).Conclusion: In this population-based study, the patient prognostic risk stratification for parotid adenocarcinoma is associated with the magnitude of survival improvement by RT after surgery, suggesting that this risk model could provide decision guidance on comprehensive treatment strategy.
Identification of Women at Risk for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer in A Sample of 1000 Slovenian Women: A Comparison of Guidelines
Authors: Kotnik Urška , Peterlin Borut , Lovrecic Luca 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: An important number of breast and ovarian cancer cases is due to a strong genetic predisposition. The main tool for identifying individuals at risk is recognizing a suggestive family history of cancer. We present a prospective study on applying three selected clinical guidelines to a cohort of 1000 Slovenian women to determine the prevalence of at-risk women according to each of the guidelines and analyze the differences amongst the guidelines.Methods: Personal and family history of cancer was collected for 1000 Slovenian women. Guidelines by three organizations: National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), American College of Medical Genetics in cooperation with National Society of Genetic Counselors (ACMG/NSGC), and Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) were applied to the cohort. The number of women identified, the characteristics of the high-risk population, and the agreement between the guidelines were explored. Results: NCCN guidelines identify 16.7 % of women, ACMG/NSGC guidelines identify 7.1 % of women, and SGO guidelines identify 7.0 % of women from the Slovenian population, while 6.2 % of women are identified by all three guidelines as having high-risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.Conclusions: We identified 17.4 % of women from the Slovenian population as being at an increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer based on their personal and family history of cancer using all of the guidelines. There are important differences between the guidelines. NCCN guidelines are the most inclusive, identifying more than twice the amount of women as high-risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer as compared to the AGMG/NSCG and SGO guidelines in the Slovenian population.
A Valuable Plasma Membrane Protein Prognostic Model in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Haosheng , Fang Jianxiong , Liu Tianqi , Zhang Zhenhui , Zhao Chao , Peng Tianming , Li Yong , Pu Xiaoyong , Liu Jiumin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Renal cell cacinoma (RCC) accounts for 3% of human cancers, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common pathological type of RCC. Cell surface proteins have been shown to play an important role in the occurrence and progression of various cancers. In this study, we focused on plasma membrane proteins (PMPs), to explore their potential value in ccRCC. Methods: The PMPs expression profiles and ccRCC patients’ clinical information were downloaded from TCGA database. Through a series of bioinformatic methods, we established a plasma membrane proteins prognostic model and verify its value in multiple ways. Results: Multivariate cox regression analysis and area under receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that this model was an effective independent predictor of ccRCC clinical outcomes. It has good prognostic value in different groups of clinical features. Combined with other two clinical characteristics, a nomogram was constructed to predict patient survival at 1, 3, and 5 years. Conclusions: Our study is the first to explore the prognostic value of plasma membrane proteins in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We hope our work could provide a new viewpoint for ccRCC prognosis and drawn people’s attention to plasma membrane proteins in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.