bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutraceutical potentials of synergic foods: a systematic review
Authors: Natarajan Tharani Devi , Ramasamy Janci Rani , Palanisamy Kirthika 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFood synergy is a concept of linking foods to health. Food consists of mixtures of nutrients, serving as a fuel for the body. When synergistic foods are put together, the evidence for potential health benefits becomes stronger than individual foods. Nutrient deficiency is a known phenomenon in many individuals, and synergy plays a very important role in combating the nutritional deficiency. Today’s consumer expresses high interest to build knowledge on the active role of food in their well-being, as well as in the prevention of non-transmissible chronic diseases. Functional foods and their active compounds play a vital role in preventing chronic diseases, improving immunity, and decreasing infections. The concept of synergy is an overthinking in nutrition research which can enhance effective dietary planning value added to the forthcoming nutrition research. This paper gives an overview of various synergic combinations of food components and their interactions within the food and with the human system to attain ideal health benefits.
Non-randomness distribution of micro-RNAs on human chromosomes
Authors: Boroumand Fariba , Saadat Iraj , Saadat Mostafa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMicro-RNA (miRNA) is one of the non-coding RNAs that exist in human genome. miRNAs play an important role in the expression of target genes. Several studies have indicated that organization of human genome is not random. In order to investigate the distribution of miRNAs on human chromosomes, the present study was carried out.ResultsUsing the data from miRBase database, we found 1913 loci coding for miRNAs (MIRs). Human chromosome bands 1p36, 1q22, 1q24, 2q13, 2q35, 3p21, 6p21, 7q22, 8p23, 8q24, 9q22, 9q34, 11q12-q13, 12q13, 14q32, 16p13, 16q24, 17p13, 17q11, 17q21, 17q25, 19p13, 19q13, 20q13, 21p11, 22q13, and Xq26-q28 were significantly bearing higher number of MIRs. The 14q32 and 19q13 with 4.11 and 3.59 MIRs per mega-base pair, respectively, were the most MIR-richest human chromosomal bands. The number of MIRs on chromosomal bands significantly decreased as a function of distance from telomere (r = − 0.949, df = 5,P = 0.001).ConclusionsOur current data suggest that MIRs are not randomly distributed on human genomes.
In vivo measurement of stent length by using intravascular ultrasound
Authors: Algowhary Magdy , Taha Salma , Hasan-Ali Hosam , Matsumura Akihiko 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
What happens to stent length when deployed in a coronary artery? It is the aim of this study.

Results
Consecutive 95 balloon-expandable stents (BES) were studied by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging. The stent length was measured from the longitudinal view in two ways: (1) edge-to-edge length (E-E) measured between distal and proximal stent frames located at one IVUS quadrant and (2) area-to-area length (A-A) measured between distal and proximal stent frames located at two or more IVUS quadrants. IVUS measurements were compared with the manufacturer-stated length (M-L). The median E-E length was significantly longer than M-L, 18.76 mm [interquartile range (IQR) 15.65–23.60] versus 18.00 mm (IQR 15.00–23.00), respectively, p < 0.0001. Also, the median A-A length was significantly longer, 18.36 mm (IQR 15.19–23.47), p < 0.0001, than M-L. Moreover, the E-E length was significantly different from A-A length, p < 0.0001. Among the stent groups, the differences were significantly present in all drug-eluting stent and bare metal stent (BMS) comparisons, p < 0.0001, except the A-A length versus M-L in BMS only. By multivariate analysis, the predictors of difference in stent length were as follows: lesion length, p = 0.01; pre-intervention minimal diameter of the external elastic membrane (EEM), p = 0.03; lesions present in the left anterior descending branch, p = 0.03; and M-L, p = 0.04.

Conclusions
In the present study, the length of BES measured by IVUS was significantly different from the manufacturer-stated length. In addition to the manufacturer length, other important factors such as lesion length, pre-intervention diameter of EEM, and affected vessel determine the stent length.
Psychiatric morbidity among Egyptian patients seeking rhinoplasty
Authors: Omar Abdelnasser , Eid Maissa , Ali Ramy , El Missiry Marwa , Gawad Ahmed Adel Abdel , El Ghoneimy Soheir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic surgeries performed on the face; seeking this operation can be influenced by socio-cultural factors, personality factors, and psychiatric morbidity. The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence and profile of psychiatric morbidities that would present among those individuals seeking rhinoplasty and to recognize the importance of preoperative psychiatric assessment.Results50.8% of the study sample fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders. The most prevalent diagnosis among the whole group was mixed personality disorder (15.2%) followed by body dysmorphic disorder (10.2%), borderline personality disorder (6.8%), and then anxiety disorders (5%). Data revealed that female non-married subjects who were performed with a previous cosmetic operation suffered significantly from psychiatric morbidity. Subjects with psychiatric morbidity showed significant (P, 0.000) higher scores in MBSRQ health orientation and weight preoccupation than their non-psychiatric counterparts.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a high prevalence of psychiatry morbidity in individuals requesting rhinoplasty. It seems important to screen individuals for mental health problems preoperatively to detect crucial psychiatric problems; thus, we can avoid subsequent risk for both individuals and cosmetic surgeons.
Clip and wire localization of locally advanced malignant breast masses in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast conservation therapy
Authors: Shalaby Lamiaa Adel Salah El Din , Khallaf Emad Salah el din , Moussa Mohamed Mahmoud 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
In locally advanced breast cancers, the use of preoperative systemic therapy has been shown to induce tumor response and to improve the local control rate after subsequent surgery and radiation therapy. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the accuracy of localization of breast malignant masses in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and will undergo conservative breast surgery by using clip and wire marker.

Results
Clip placement was done in 20/20 cases (100%). There was no mammographic evidence of clip migration or complication related to the clip insertion. Wire localization of tumor bed marked by radiopaque clip 1-day preoperative was done in 18/20 patient (90%), the other 2 patients, the masses were clinically palpable (10%). Accurate localization by wire was positive in 18/18 cases. Clip and wire retrieval were positive in all cases.

Conclusion
Clip markers can be used for tumor localization in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy without migration. Clips are tolerated and safe for the patient, easily visualized on imaging, do not interfere with treatment response, and are cost-effective. Also, serves as a guide for post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy localization when the tumor is not palpable.
An improved method to characterize the full-scale pore system and dual pore model of tight sands
Authors: Zhu Yurui , Lu Zhengyuan , Feng Mingshi , Wang Jun , Li Zhipeng 
Published: December 2019

Tight sands have pore systems with complex structures and widely distributed pore sizes. We have studied the characteristics of these pore systems to better understand their important role in the accumulation and migration mechanisms of oil and gas reservoirs, which may enhance our ability to evaluate reservoir quality and predict reservoir production. To this end, we carried out thin-section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, pressure-controlled porosimetry (PCP), and rate-controlled porosimetry (RCP) to describe the pore systems of a typical tight-sand reservoir in East Asia. We improved a differential-distribution-based splicing method to reveal the full-scale pore systems using PCP and RCP. We found that the typical pore radius distribution in our target reservoir exhibits two peaks: at radius [Formula: see text] and at radius [Formula: see text]. Based on pore shapes and connections, intergranular pores are network structures and clay-host pores are tree-like structures. Intragranular pores, in contrast, can be different structures under different conditions. If wide throats are present, intragranular pores function as typical tree-like pores; if throats are narrow, they serve as the pore parts of a network-pore system. Network pores are the primary contributors to porosity and permeability, whereas tree-like pores mainly contribute to porosity. In some high-clay sands, however, the tree-like pores may also contribute to permeability. Based on their fractal characteristics, we divided the pore systems of tight sands into three types: (1) a network-structure-controlled intergranular pore system, (2) a tree-like-structure-controlled clay-host pore system, and (3) a network-structure-controlled intergranular-intragranular pore system.
Threading a pathway through the forest of mood and personality disorders
Authors: Tyrer Peter 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYThe classification of mood and personality disorders has become unnecessarily complicated. It has become bogged down by well-meaning but unhelpful subcategories that puzzle the will of clinicians to make useful judgements. The answer is to think of bipolar, depressive and personality disorders as each constituting a spectrum of severity and not to be too preoccupied with individual labels. It would also be useful to avoid the diagnostic chimera of borderline personality disorder, a condition that defies proper classification.
Can dietary supplements maintain cognition in mid- to late-life?
Authors: Smith Alexander L. W. 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYCognitive health, and prevention of its decline to dementia, has risen in prominence with a corresponding exploration of modifiable risk factors to prevent a decline in cognitive health with age. This commentary discusses a new Cochrane review that examines the effect of vitamin and mineral supplementation in maintaining cognitive health in cognitively healthy adults in mid- and late-life. From a heterogeneous body of evidence, the quality of which ranged from very low to moderate, the review draws the conclusions of little or no benefit of supplements.
Estrogens and Glucocorticoids in Mammary Adipose Tissue: Relationships with Body Mass Index and Breast Cancer Features
Authors: Laforest Sofia , Pelletier Mélissa , Denver Nina , Poirier Brigitte , Nguyen Sébastien , Walker Brian R , Durocher Francine , Homer Natalie Z M , Diorio Caroline , Andrew Ruth , Tchernof André 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Context
Adipose tissue is an important site for extragonadal steroid hormone biosynthesis through the expression and activity of P450 aromatase, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) 1, and 17β-HSDs. The contribution of steroid hormones produced by adjacent adipose tissue for the progression and survival of breast tumors is unknown.

Objective
To quantify estrogens (estradiol, estrone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone) in breast adipose tissue from both healthy and diseased women and their relationships with adiposity indices and breast cancer prognostic markers.

Design and setting
Breast adipose tissue was collected at time of surgery.

Patients
Pre- and postmenopausal women undergoing partial mastectomy for treatment of breast cancer (n = 17) or reduction mammoplasty (n = 6) were studied.

Interventions
Relative estrogen and glucocorticoid amounts were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
The targeted steroids were reliably detected and quantified in mammary adipose tissues. Women with ER+/PR+ tumor had higher relative estradiol amount than women with ER–/PR– tumor (P &lt; .05). The ratio of estradiol-to-estrone was higher in lean women than in women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (P &lt; .05). Mixed-model analyses showed that estradiol, cortisone, and cortisol were negatively associated with tumor size (P &lt; .05). Relationships between glucocorticoids and tumor size remained significant after adjustment for BMI. The cortisol-to-cortisone ratio was negatively associated with tumor stage (P &lt; .05) independently of BMI.

Conclusions
We reliably quantified estrogens and glucocorticoids in breast adipose tissue from healthy women and women suffering from breast cancer. Our findings suggest that smaller breast tumors are associated with higher relative amounts of estradiol and cortisol in adipose tissue.
Screening for Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in the Era of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chesover Alexander D , Millar Heather , Sepiashvili Lusia , Adeli Khosrow , Palmert Mark R , Hamilton Jill 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Context
Screening for and diagnosing non classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) uses serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) thresholds established from immunoassay data; however, a new liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method results in lower 17OHP values. The evolution of immunoassays is also challenging our diagnostic cut-off for glucocorticoid insufficiency and few data re-evaluate the utility of testing for glucocorticoid insufficiency in NCCAH.

Objective
(1) Evaluate the 17OHP threshold that predicts NCCAH in children using LC-MS/MS, and (2) determine the prevalence of glucocorticoid insufficiency in NCCAH.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients who underwent ACTH stimulation tests with cortisol and 17OHP measurements from 2011 to 2018 for assessment of NCCAH. Other adrenal pathologies were excluded. A cortisol &lt; 415 nmol/L defined glucocorticoid insufficiency. Published correlation data determined a 17OHP of 3.3 nmol/L by LC-MS/MS was equivalent to 6 nmol/L by immunoassay. Data analysis was by measures of diagnostic accuracy.

Results
Of 188 patients included, 23 (12%) had NCCAH (21/23 had genetic confirmation); the remaining 2 had peak 17OHP &gt; 30 nmol/L. Baseline 17OHP ≥ 6 nmol/L most accurately screened for NCCAH—sensitivity and specificity 96%. Almost all genetically confirmed NCCAH (20/21) had peak 17OHP &gt; 30 nmol/L; all subjects with other diagnoses peaked &lt; 30 nmol/L. Glucocorticoid insufficiency was present in 55% with NCCAH.

Conclusions
Despite the increased specificity of LC-MS/MS, a baseline 17OHP ≥ 6 nmol/L most accurately screened for NCCAH; this supports current practice guidelines. This threshold identified all with glucocorticoid insufficiency, notably prevalent in our cohort and for whom glucocorticoid stress dosing should be considered.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in a Female Mouse Model of Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Balk-Møller Emilie , Windeløv Johanne Agerlin , Svendsen Berit , Hunt Jenna , Ghiasi Seyed Mojtaba , Sørensen Charlotte Mehlin , Holst Jens Juul , Kissow Hannelouise 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is protective in lung disease models but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Because the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) also has beneficial effects in lung disease, we hypothesized that GLP-1 effects may be mediated by ANP expression. To study this putative link, we used a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and assessed lung function by unrestrained whole-body plethysmography. In 1 study, we investigated the role of endogenous GLP-1 by genetic GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) knockout (KO) and pharmaceutical blockade of the GLP-1R with the antagonist exendin-9 to -39 (EX-9). In another study the effects of exogenous GLP-1 were assessed. Lastly, we investigated the bronchodilatory properties of ANP and a GLP-1R agonist on isolated bronchial sections from healthy and COPD mice.Lung function did not differ between mice receiving phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and EX-9 or between GLP-1R KO mice and their wild-type littermates. The COPD mice receiving GLP-1R agonist improved pulmonary function (P &lt; .01) with less inflammation, but no less emphysema compared to PBS-treated mice. Compared with the PBS-treated mice, treatment with GLP-1 agonist increased ANP (nppa) gene expression by 10-fold (P &lt; .01) and decreased endothelin-1 (P &lt; .01), a peptide associated with bronchoconstriction. ANP had moderate bronchodilatory effects in isolated bronchial sections and GLP-1R agonist also showed bronchodilatory properties but less than ANP. Responses to both peptides were significantly increased in COPD mice (P &lt; .05, P &lt; .01).Taken together, our study suggests a link between GLP-1 and ANP in COPD.
Stickler Syndrome: Airway Complications in a Case Series of 502 Patients
Authors: Zimmermann Julia , Stubbs Daniel J. , Richards Allan J. , Alexander Philip , McNinch Annie M. , Matta Basil , Snead Martin P. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Patients with Stickler syndrome often require emergency surgery and are often anesthetized in nonspecialist units, typically for retinal detachment repair. Despite the occurrence of cleft palate and Pierre-Robin sequence, there is little published literature on airway complications. Our aim was to describe anesthetic practice and complications in a nonselected series of Stickler syndrome cases. To our knowledge, this is the largest such series in the published literature.

METHODS:
We retrospectively identified patients with genetically confirmed Stickler syndrome who had undergone general anesthesia in a major teaching hospital, seeking to identify factors that predicted patients who would require more than 1 attempt to correctly site an endotracheal tube (ETT) or supraglottic airway device (SAD). Patient demographics, associated factors, and anesthetic complications were collected. Descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression modeling were performed.

RESULTS:
Five hundred and two
anesthetic events were analyzed. Three hundred ninety-five (92.7%) type 1 Stickler and 63 (96.9%) type 2 Stickler patients could be managed with a single attempt of passing an ETT or SAD. Advanced airway techniques were required on 4 occasions, and we report no major complications. On logistic regression, modeling receding mandible (P = .0004) and history of cleft palate (P = .0004) were significantly associated with the need for more than 1 attempt at airway manipulation.

CONCLUSIONS:
The majority of Stickler patients can be anesthetized safely with standard management. If patients have a receding mandible or history of cleft, an experienced anesthetist familiar with Stickler syndrome should manage the patient. We recommend that patients identified to have a difficult airway wear an alert bracelet.
Moderate-to-Deep Sedation Using Target-Controlled Infusions of Propofol and Remifentanil: Adverse Events and Risk Factors: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 2937 Procedures
Authors: Barends Clemens R. M. , Driesens Mendy K. , van Amsterdam Kai , Struys Michel M. R. F. , Absalom Anthony R. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND:
In the University Medical Center Groningen in Groningen, the Netherlands, moderate-to-deep sedation is provided by nursing staff trained and supervised by the anesthesia department using protocol-based target-controlled infusions (TCIs) of propofol and remifentanil. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the incidence of events with potential adverse health consequences within this service model and the risk factors for the occurrence of these events.

METHODS:
We retrospectively interrogated a database containing the computerized anesthetic records of 2937 procedures where moderate-to-deep sedation was provided using TCI administration of propofol and remifentanil between May 2014 and October 2017. The primary outcome measures were the incidence of sedation-related events with potential adverse health consequences and risk factors for the occurrence of such events. The events under investigation were unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission, need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), death on the day of the procedure due to sedation-related events, cardiovascular events (arrhythmias, hypertension, and hypotension), pulmonary events (aspiration, desaturation, unplanned tracheal intubation), anaphylactic or allergic reactions, and the termination of the procedure due to sedation-related events. Cardiovascular and pulmonary events were classified as severe, significant, or moderate. Events were identified by using computer algorithms to search the computerized records from all included procedures.

RESULTS:
Data from 2937 procedures were analyzed. No patients suffered catastrophic events (death, need for CPR, or unplanned ICU admission). Thirty-two severe sedation-related events occurred in 32 procedures. Severe desaturation (0.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–0.9) and severe hypertension (0.2%; 95% CI, 0.04–0.37) were the most common severe events. Significant hypotension (8.8%; 95% CI, 7.73–9.77) and significant desaturation (1.6%; 95% CI, 1.12–2.02) were found to be the most common events with potential adverse health consequences. No patient suffered lasting health consequences. Average mean and maximum targeted effect-site concentrations (Cet) for propofol were 2.6 ± 0.83 and 3.3 ± 1.09 µg·mL−1, respectively, and for remifentanil 0.84 ± 0.18 and 0.99 ± 0.22 ng·mL−1, respectively. Maximum Cets of propofol were lower among patients with higher body mass index (BMI) and were higher among patients of younger age. Higher BMI was a risk factor for desaturation. Increased age and lower BMI were risk factors for hypotension. Longer procedure time was a risk factor for both desaturation and hypotension.

CONCLUSIONS:
Moderate-to-deep sedation by propofol and remifentanil TCI has a low incidence of catastrophic and severe events.