bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Increased Tobacco Consumption Following a Major Disaster
Authors: Koyama Shihoko , Tabuchi Takahiro , Aida Jun , Osaka Ken , Miyashiro Isao 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Experience of a major disaster can potentially impact on tobacco consumption. Our objective was to explore the determinants of increasing tobacco consumption after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE).Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Miyagi Prefectural Health Survey 2014: a total of 2632 people were randomly selected from residents aged ≥20 years in Miyagi, Japan. Of 2443 respondents (response rate = 92.8%), 551 current smokers (411 men) were included in the analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for increasing tobacco consumption were calculated using multivariable logistic regression models including variables of age, sex, disaster-related job status change, education status, self-rated health, and age at smoking initiation.Results:After adjustments for all variables, significantly higher ORs for increasing tobacco consumption after the GEJE were observed in women (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.10–3.15), 20–39 years old (OR = 5.18; 95% CI = 2.28–11.75), 40–59 years old (OR = 3.97; 95% CI = 1.76–8.94) and respondents who had lost their jobs (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.06–11.05) than the counterpart categories.Conclusions:This study found 3 determinants of increasing tobacco consumption after a major disaster: being a woman, being of working age, and experiencing disaster-related job loss.
Ensuring TB Services During Major Floods – Kerala, India, August 2018
Authors: Sadanandan Rajeev , RL Sarita , Mrithunjayan Sunilkumar , Valamparambil Mathew J. , Balakrishnan Shibu , Suseela Rakesh P. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTEnsuring the successful treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is an essential public health responsibility of national TB programs. This case study describes how the Department of Health and Family Welfare, Kerala state, successfully prevented the disruptions in TB treatment when an unprecedented massive flood, declared as “a calamity of severe nature,” completely disrupted normal operations in the state during August 2018. Unanticipated floods led to the displacement and relocation of more than 1.5 million citizens. The state has ensured continuity of TB treatment for all notified drug sensitive and drug-resistant TB patients (9608 and 434, respectively), including those who were displaced and relocated. A real-time web-enabled, case-based patient management information system has helped preserve the entire patient information, available at multiple levels. Routine strength of the program, including good rapport with patients, frontline multipurpose health workers and treatment supporters, high literacy rate of general population, and well-integrated primary health care system delivering TB services, enabled ensuring continuity of care during the disaster situation. The success of the post-flood TB control measures in Kerala affirms the importance of maintaining an integrated and strong TB control component with general health system ownership.
Protolith nature and P–T evolution of Variscan metamorphic rocks from the Allahyarlu complex, NW Iran
Authors: Moazzen Mohssen , Salimi Zohreh , Rolland Yann , Bröcker Michael , Hajialioghli Robab 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetamorphic rocks associated with ophiolitic rocks occur on the eroded surface of a NW–SE-trending anticline in the Allahyarlu area, NW Iran, between the Caucasus and Zagros orogenic belts. Metapelitic rocks consist mainly of quartz, muscovite chlorite, altered biotite and garnet. S1 is the pervasive schistosity, wrapping garnet, which is folded by the second schistosity (S2). The amphibolite records only one phase of deformation as the main lineation. The rocks experienced metamorphism up to the amphibolite facies, then overprinted by greenschist facies condition. Thermobarometry indicates an average pressure of c. 5 kbar and an average temperature of c. 600 °C for the amphibolite facies metamorphism, corresponding to a ∼33 °C km−1 geothermal gradient in response to a thick magmatic arc setting. Greenschist facies metamorphism shows re-equilibration of the rocks during exhumation. Amphibolites whole rock geochemistry shows trace elements patterns similar to both island arc and back-arc basin basalts, suggesting that the protolith-forming magma of the amphibolites was enriched at shallow to medium depth of a subduction system. Negative Nb anomaly and slight enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) of the amphibolites indicate arc-related magmatism for their protolith and a back-arc sialic setting for their formation. 40Ar–39Ar dating on muscovite separated from two gneiss samples, and hornblende separated from three amphibolite samples, documents a Variscan (326–334 Ma) age. The magmatic and metamorphic rock association of the Allahyarlu area suggests the existence of an active continental margin arc during the Variscan orogeny, without clear evidence for a continental collision.
Population assessment of the Endangered Nilgiri tahr Nilgiritragus hylocrius in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, using the double-observer survey method
Authors: Suryawanshi Kulbhushansingh Ramesh , Mudappa Divya , Khanyari Munib , Raman T. R. Shankar , Rathore Devika , Kumar M. Ananda , Patel Jenis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Nilgiri tahr Nilgiritragus hylocrius is an Endangered species of mountain ungulate endemic to the Western Ghats of India, a biodiversity hotspot. Habitat fragmentation, hunting and a restricted range are the major threats to this species. Although several surveys have assessed the species’ status, a population estimate based on a scientifically robust method is needed. We used the double-observer method to estimate the population of the Nilgiri tahr in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, a protected area in the Western Ghats. We walked 257 km of transects across the Reserve, covering 36 grassland blocks (i.e. clusters of montane grasslands that were relatively separate from each other). We counted a minimum of 422 individuals in 28 groups, and estimated the tahr population in the study area to be 510 individuals (95% CI 300–858) in 35 groups. The male:female ratio was 0.71 and the young:female ratio was 0.56. Comparing our estimate with previous surveys suggests that the Nilgiri tahr population in Anamalai Tiger Reserve is stable. We found the double-observer survey method to be appropriate for population estimation and long-term monitoring of this species, and make recommendations for improved field protocols to facilitate the implementation of the method in the tropical mountains of the Western Ghats. Our findings suggest that the Reserve harbours 20–25% of the global population of the Nilgiri tahr, highlighting the area's importance for the conservation of this species.
Which is worse for the red-billed curassow: habitat loss or hunting pressure?
Authors: Rios Elaine , McGowan Philip J. K. , Collar Nigel J. , Benchimol Maíra , Canale Gustavo R. , Olmos Fabio , Santos-Filho Manoel , Bernardo Christine S. S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLarge ground-dwelling Neotropical gamebirds are highly threatened by habitat loss and hunting, but conservationists rarely attempt to distinguish between these two threats in the management of populations. We used three different types of species records to determine the status (i.e. persistence level) of the Endangered red-billed curassow Crax blumenbachii in 14 forest remnants in north-east Brazil, as either persistent, precarious or extirpated. We related these persistence levels to variables measured in a 2-km buffer radius, including variables associated with habitat quality (proportion of forest cover, length of rivers, patch density, distance from rivers) and hunting pressure (proportion of cacao agroforests and farmlands, length of roads, total area occupied by settlements, distance from roads and from settlements). Curassows were more persistent in forest patches located (1) more distant from settlements, (2) in landscapes with few settlements, (3) in landscapes with a high incidence of roads, (4) in a mosaic with a high proportion of forest, shaded cacao agroforest and farmland, and (5) more distant from other forest patches. Hunting pressure potentially exerts more influence on persistence than habitat quality: (1) hunting pressure submodels had a higher explanatory power than habitat quality submodels, (2) final models comprised four hunting pressure variables but only two habitat quality variables, and (3) hunting pressure variables appeared in all models whereas habitat quality variables appeared in only one final model. If hunting pressure is driving declines in curassows, regions with low human presence and a high proportion of forest cover are recommended for establishing new reserves.
Rate of inappropriate energy and micronutrient intake among the Korean working population
Authors: Lee Wanhyung , Jung Jiyoun , Ahn Joonho , Kim Hyoung-Ryoul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjective:Adequate energy and nutrient intakes are important for workers who spend at least one-third of their day working. We investigated differences in these intakes among Korean workers because few studies have reported on energy or nutrient intakes, related to working conditions (long working hours, shift work and non-standard work).Design:Dietary intake was assessed using 1-d 24-h recall. Energy and nutrient intakes were evaluated using age- and sex-specific dietary reference intakes for Korean citizens. Occupational characteristics were obtained from self-reported Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) data (occupational classification, working hours, shift work and non-standard workers). An age, education and household income-adjusted logistic regression model was applied to investigate differences in inappropriate energy and nutrient intakes, by sex and occupation.Setting:Cross-sectional study.Participants:From KNHANES (2007–2016), 11 145 participants (5401 males; 5744 females) were included, finally.Results:Males with long working hours had higher inappropriate carbohydrate, protein, water, vitamin B2 and phosphate intakes than those who worked ≤60 h/week. Long working hours among females were significantly associated with total energy and nutrient ‘under-intake’. Male shift and non-standard workers had higher inappropriate protein, water, mineral and vitamin intakes. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that white- and male pink-collar workers had significantly increased risks of water and vitamins A, C, B1 and niacin ‘under-intake’.Conclusions:We found different rates of inappropriate energy and micronutrient intakes according to working conditions. Younger workers with long hours and shift work schedules were vulnerable to inappropriate energy and nutrient intakes.
SMALL-BOUND ISOMORPHISMS OF FUNCTION SPACES
Authors: RONDOŠ JAKUB , SPURNÝ JIŘÍ 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLet $\mathbb{F}=\mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{C}$. For $i=1,2$, let $K_{i}$ be a locally compact (Hausdorff) topological space and let ${\mathcal{H}}_{i}$ be a closed subspace of ${\mathcal{C}}_{0}(K_{i},\mathbb{F})$ such that each point of the Choquet boundary $\operatorname{Ch}_{{\mathcal{H}}_{i}}K_{i}$ of ${\mathcal{H}}_{i}$ is a weak peak point. We show that if there exists an isomorphism $T:{\mathcal{H}}_{1}\rightarrow {\mathcal{H}}_{2}$ with $\left\Vert T\right\Vert \cdot \left\Vert T^{-1}\right\Vert <2$, then $\operatorname{Ch}_{{\mathcal{H}}_{1}}K_{1}$ is homeomorphic to $\operatorname{Ch}_{{\mathcal{H}}_{2}}K_{2}$. We then provide a one-sided version of this result. Finally we prove that under the assumption on weak peak points the Choquet boundaries have the same cardinality provided ${\mathcal{H}}_{1}$ is isomorphic to ${\mathcal{H}}_{2}$.
PROPAGATION OF SINGULARITIES ON AdS SPACETIMES FOR GENERAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND THE HOLOGRAPHIC HADAMARD CONDITION
Authors: Gannot Oran , Wrochna Michał 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe consider the Klein–Gordon equation on asymptotically anti-de-Sitter spacetimes subject to Neumann or Robin (or Dirichlet) boundary conditions and prove propagation of singularities along generalized broken bicharacteristics. The result is formulated in terms of conormal regularity relative to a twisted Sobolev space. We use this to show the uniqueness, modulo regularizing terms, of parametrices with prescribed $\text{b}$-wavefront set. Furthermore, in the context of quantum fields, we show a similar result for two-point functions satisfying a holographic Hadamard condition on the $\text{b}$-wavefront set.
Correlation of Quaternary Volcano Clusters With Partial Melting of Mantle Wedge, Northeast Japan: A Numerical Model Study
Authors: Yoo Soohwan , Lee Changyeol 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Quaternary volcano clusters in Northeast Japan and the no‐volcano zones between them imply extensive and scarce melting, respectively, in the mantle wedge, but no quantitative study on the heterogeneous melting has been conducted. Here, we constructed two‐dimensional numerical models by considering along‐arc temperature variations in the mantle wedge expressed as high‐ (hot fingers) and low‐temperature anomalies (deterred corner flow) with the slab dehydration, porous flow of aqueous fluid, and partial melting of the mantle wedge. The results show that the high‐ and low‐temperature anomalies in the mantle wedge result in extensive and negligible melting beneath the volcano clusters and no‐volcano zones, respectively, consistent with geochemical and geophysical estimations. Contrary to the near‐complete slab dehydration beneath the volcano clusters, the partially dehydrated subducting slab beneath the no‐volcano zones transports the remaining water into the mantle transition zone, which has implications for intraplate volcanoes in Northeast Asia.
Strong Precipitation Suppression by Aerosols in Marine Low Clouds
Authors: Fan Chongxing , Wang Minghuai , Rosenfeld Daniel , Zhu Yannian , Liu Jihu , Chen Baojun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe adjustment of cloud amount to aerosol effects occurs to a large extent in response to the aerosol effect on precipitation. Here the marine boundary layer clouds were studied by analyzing the dependence of rain intensity measured by Global Precipitation Measurement on cloud properties. We showed that detectable rain initiates when the drop effective radius at the cloud top (re) exceeds 14 μm, and precipitation is strongly suppressed with increasing cloud drop concentration (Nd), which contributes to the strong dependence of cloud amount on aerosols. The rain rate increases sharply with cloud thickness (CGT) and re when re > 14 μm. The dependence of rain rate on re and CGT presents a simple framework for precipitation susceptibility to aerosols, which explains other previously observed relationships. We showed that sorting data by CGT and using alternative cloud condensation nuclei proxy rather than aerosol optical depth are critical for studying aerosol‐cloud‐precipitation interactions.
The 3D Seismic Azimuthal Anisotropies and Velocities in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau Extracted by an Azimuth‐Dependent Dispersion Curve Inversion Method
Authors: Liang Chuntao , Liu Zhiqiang , Hua Qian , Wang Liang , Jiang Ningbo , Wu Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn azimuth‐dependent dispersion curve inversion (ADDCI) method is applied to Rayleigh waves to extract 3D velocity and azimuthal anisotropy. The synthetic tests show that the ADDCI method is able to extract azimuthal anisotropy at different depths. The errors of the fast propagation direction (FPD) and the magnitude of the anisotropy (MOA) are less than 10° and 1–2%, respectively. The 3D anisotropic model shows large variations in the FPDs and MOAs with depth and blocks; strong contrasts are observed across major faults, and the average MOA in the crust is approximately 3%. The FPDs are positively correlated with the GPS velocity direction and the strikes of regional faults in most of the blocks. The low‐velocity zones (LVZs) in middle to lower crust are widely observed in the Songpan‐Ganze terrane, the north Chuan‐Dian block, and surprisingly in the Huayingshan thrust and fold belt. The LVZs in middle crust are also positively correlated with a region of low velocities in the uppermost mantle. These observations may suggest that large‐scale deformation is coupled vertically from surface to uppermost mantle. Crust shortening by the pure shearing process, which involves the thrusting and folding of the upper crust and the lateral extrusion of blocks, may be the major mechanism causing the growth of the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
Revision of the Chinese Altai‐East Junggar Terrane Accretion Model Based on Geophysical and Geological Constraints
Authors: Guy Alexandra , Schulmann Karel , Soejono Igor , Xiao Wenjiao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPotential field data analysis, geology, and geochemistry are used to revise the terrane accretion model of the Chinese Altai and East Junggar. Major gradients of potential field data demarcate significant crustal structures and their continuity in depth. These data demonstrate that the distribution of geophysical anomalies does not match with terranes boundaries defined previously. Instead, heterogeneously developed NE/SW‐trending gravity and NW‐SE magnetic anomalies in both units correlate with Devonian and Permian tectonometamorphic zones, respectively. Geophysical data also indicate a dense lower crust of the East Junggar confirmed by previous igneous petrology studies and seismic experiment. The northern tip of this dense crust coincides with the main gravity gradient beneath the Chinese Altai and a prominent magnetic high located above a NW/SE‐trending zone of Permian granulites. This zone forms a boundary between north‐ and south‐dipping gravity and magnetic anomalies that are interpreted as reflecting quasi‐symmetrical extrusion of the Chinese Altai crust. In contrast, all geophysical data show the absence of a prominent deep‐seated discontinuity which can be correlated with the Erqis Zone. These data are compared with corresponding data sets from southern Mongolia allowing the proposition of a new geodynamic model for the studied area. This model involves (1) accretionary stage characterized by Late Devonian joint evolution of the East Junggar and Chinese Altai characterized by N‐S trending orogenic fabrics and (2) Early Permian oroclinal bending associated with underthrusting of the dense Junggar basement beneath the Chinese Altai and the development of NW‐SE trending deformation zones in both units.
Subduction Reversal in a Divergent Double Subduction Zone Drives the Exhumation of Southern Qiangtang Blueschist‐Bearing Mélange, Central Tibet
Authors: Li D. , Wang G. H. , Bons P. D. , Zhao Z. B. , Du J. X. , Wang S. L. , Yuan G. L. , Liang X. , Zhang L. , Li C. , Fang D. R. , Tang Y. , Hu Y. L. , Fu Y. Z. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract(Ultra) high‐pressure (HP) rocks can be exhumed rapidly by subduction reversal or divergent plate motion. Recent studies show that subduction reversal can in particular occur in a divergent double subduction zone when the slab pull of one slab exceeds that of the other, shorter one, which then experiences a net upward pull. This recent hypothesis, first proposed for Triassic HP‐rocks exposed in the central Qiangtang mélange belt in central Tibet, can explain the exhumation of (ultra) HP rocks through upward slab movement. However, this model lacks the support of kinematic evidence. In this study, based on the recognition of multiple deformational phases, we analyze the kinematics of the HP‐bearing mélange in central Qiangtang. Based on new 40Ar‐39Ar geochronology data and those collected from the literature, we present a temporal framework for the new observations. We recognize a switch in sense of shear between the prograde (D1) and exhumation (D2‐3) paths. The change of shear sense reflects the reversal from downward to upward movement of the oceanic slab below. Early D2 represents the early exhumation stage that caused retrograde metamorphism from eclogite to blueschist facies. No magmatism occurred during this period. Continued exhumation from blueschist facies to greenschist facies resulted in D2‐D3 structures. Voluminous igneous activity occurred during this stage. We suggest that subduction reversal in a divergent double subduction zone can best explain the kinematic evolution and temporal framework above. This exhumation model may provide a new perspective on the exhumation mechanism for other HP rocks around the world.
Continuity of Ice Sheet Mass Loss in Greenland and Antarctica From the GRACE and GRACE Follow‐On Missions
Authors: Velicogna Isabella , Mohajerani Yara , A Geruo , Landerer Felix , Mouginot Jeremie , Noel Brice , Rignot Eric , Sutterley Tyler , van den Broeke Michiel , van Wessem Melchior , Wiese David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe examine data continuity between the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On (FO) missions over Greenland and Antarctica using independent data from the mass budget method, which calculates the difference between ice sheet surface mass balance and ice discharge at the periphery. For both ice sheets, we find consistent GRACE/GRACE‐FO time series across the data gap, at the continental and regional scales, and the data gap is confidently filled with mass budget method data. In Greenland, the GRACE‐FO data reveal an exceptional summer loss of 600 Gt in 2019 following two cold summers. In Antarctica, ongoing high mass losses in the Amundsen Sea Embayment of West Antarctica, the Antarctic Peninsula, and Wilkes Land in East Antarctica cumulate to 2130, 560, and 370 Gt, respectively, since 2002. A cumulative mass gain of 980 Gt in Queen Maud Land since 2009, however, led to a pause in the acceleration in mass loss from Antarctica after 2016.
Pushing periodic-disorder-induced phase matching into the deep-ultraviolet spectral region: theory and demonstration
Authors: Shao Mingchuan , Liang Fei , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNonlinear frequency conversion is a ubiquitous technique that is used to obtain broad-range lasers and supercontinuum coherent sources. The phase-matching condition (momentum conservation relation) is the key criterion but a challenging bottleneck in highly efficient conversion. Birefringent phase matching (BPM) and quasi-phase matching (QPM) are two feasible routes but are strongly limited in natural anisotropic crystals or ferroelectric crystals. Therefore, it is in urgent demand for a general technique that can compensate for the phase mismatching in universal nonlinear materials and in broad wavelength ranges. Here, an additional periodic phase (APP) from order/disorder alignment is proposed to meet the phase-matching condition in arbitrary nonlinear crystals and demonstrated from the visible region to the deep-ultraviolet region (e.g., LiNbO3 and quartz). Remarkably, pioneering 177.3-nm coherent output is first obtained in commercial quartz crystal with an unprecedented conversion efficiency above 1‰. This study not only opens a new roadmap to resuscitate those long-neglected nonlinear optical crystals for wavelength extension, but also may revolutionize next-generation nonlinear photonics and their further applications.