bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of spatial and temporal overlap in three ungulate species in a Mediterranean environment
Authors: Zanni Michele , Brivio Francesca , Grignolio Stefano , Apollonio Marco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInterspecific interactions are key drivers in structuring animal communities. Sympatric animals may show such behavioural patterns as the differential use of space and/or time to avoid competitive encounters. We took advantage of the ecological conditions of our study area, inhabited by different ungulate species, to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution ofCapreolus capreolus,Dama damaandSus scrofa. We estimated intraspecific interaction arising from the concomitant use of resources by using camera trapping. We collected 2741 videos with the three ungulates, which showed peculiar activity patterns. The three species were observed in all the habitat types of the study area over the four seasons, thus highlighting an evident spatial overlap. Moreover, our analysis demonstrated that the three species did not avoid each other through temporal segregation of their activities, rather showing a high overlap of daily activity rhythms, though with differences among the species and the seasons. Despite the high spatial and temporal overlap, the three species seemed to adopt segregation through fine-scale spatial avoidance: at an hourly level, the proportion of sites where the species were observed together was relatively low. This spatio-temporal segregation revealed complex and alternative behavioural strategies, which likely facilitated intra-guild sympatry among the studied species. Both temporal and spatio-temporal overlap reached the highest values in summer, when environmental conditions were more demanding. Given these results, we may presume that different drivers (e.g. temperature, human disturbance), which are likely stronger than interspecific interactions, affected activity rhythms and fine-scale spatial use of the studied species.
Inferring ethylene temporal and spatial distribution in an apple orchard (Malus domestica Borkh): a pilot study for optimal sampling with a gas sensor
Authors: Valente João , Almeida Rodrigo , Kooistra Lammert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractApples emit a volatile organic compounds during the ripening process named ethylene, which can be used to infer the optimal harvest time. Currently, the fruit ethylene emission is assessed in controlled facilities, thus laborious and expensive. This article pioneers the study of assessing ethylene emissions in uncontrolled environments. However, understanding how the ethylene spatial temporal dynamics in an open field, its still elusive. Therefore, this paper provides a model from an (Malus domesticaBorkh) apple orchard for simulation and analysis of ethylene behaviour. We demonstrate that the model is able to explain the ethylene emissions behaviour in an orchard field when subject to different wind speeds, directions and ripeness stages. Based on that we have investigated different sampling schemes—regular and random—for capturing the variability of ethylene in an orchard using an electrochemical gas sensor. These results show that a random sampling scheme performs 25% better than an equivalent regular-defined grid. Moreover, the measurements acquired locally in the rows tend to be 10% more reliable than in other locations from the orchard. Finally, the ethylene variability can be assessed with a confidence of 75% using 4 and 16 sampling points.
“It is you, me on the team together, and my child”: Attending, resident, and patient family perspectives on patient ownership
Authors: Kiger Michelle E. , Meyer Holly S. , Varpio Lara 
Published: December 2020

Introduction Patient ownership is an important element of physicians’ professional responsibility, but important gaps remain in our understanding of this concept. We sought to develop a theory of patient ownership by studying it in continuity clinics from the perspective of residents, attending physicians, and patients.
Methods Using constructivist grounded theory, we conducted 27 semi-structured interviews of attending physicians, residents, and patient families within two pediatric continuity clinics to examine definitions, expectations, and experiences of patient ownership from March–August 2019. We constructed themes using constant comparative analysis and developed a theory describing patient ownership that takes into account a diversity of perspectives.
Results Patient ownership was described as a bi-directional, relational commitment between patient/family and physician that includes affective and behavioral components. The experience of patient ownership was promoted by continuity of care and constrained by logistical and other systems-based factors. The physician was seen as part of a medical care team that included clinic staff and patient families. Physicians adjusted expectations surrounding patient ownership for residents based on scheduling limitations.
Discussion Our theory of patient ownership portrays the patient/family as an active participant in the patient–physician relationship, rather than a passive recipient of care. While specific expectations and tasks will vary based on the practice setting, our findings reframe the way in which patient ownership can be viewed and studied in the future by attending to a diversity of perspectives.
Simulation of the fatigue-wear coupling mechanism of an aviation gear
Authors: Zhang Boyu , Liu Huaiju , Zhu Caichao , Ge Yibo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe contact fatigue of aviation gears has become more prominent with greater demands for heavy-duty and high-power density gears. Meanwhile, the coexistence of tooth contact fatigue damage and tooth profile wear leads to a complicated competitive mechanism between surface-initiated failure and subsurface-initiated contact fatigue failures. To address this issue, a fatigue-wear coupling model of an aviation gear pair was developed based on the elastic-plastic finite element method. The tooth profile surface roughness was considered, and its evolution during repeated meshing was simulated using the Archard wear formula. The fatigue damage accumulation of material points on and underneath the contact surface was captured using the Brown-Miller-Morrow multiaxial fatigue criterion. The elastic-plastic constitutive behavior of damaged material points was updated by incorporating the damage variable. Variations in the wear depth and fatigue damage around the pitch point are described, and the effect of surface roughness on the fatigue life is addressed. The results reveal that whether fatigue failure occurs initially on the surface or sub-surface depends on the level of surface roughness. Mild wear on the asperity level alleviates the local stress concentration and leads to a longer surface fatigue life compared with the result without wear.
Limits of drag augmentation at spacecraft end-of-mission and a mitigation strategy
Authors: Kerr Emma , Macdonald Malcolm 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn increasing number of objects are being launched into low-Earth orbit. Consequently, to avoid the possibility of future in-orbit collisions space object removal techniques are receiving attention. As one of the most developed techniques, drag augmentation is increasingly being considered as an option for end-of-mission removal of objects from low-Earth orbit. This paper highlights a common misconception around drag augmentation: although it can be used to reduce de-orbit time, when used inappropriately it can increase the volume swept by an object and, thus, increase the occurrence risk of collision with another space object. Knowingly ignoring this increased risk of collisions could leave spacecraft operators, and consequently their responsible state party, open to liability risk. By investigating the volume swept and de-orbit lifetime, a strategy of delayed deployment is proposed as a compromise between reducing volume swept and time to de-orbit. However, this increases system complexity and, likely, cost.
Thermal Management of Electrified Propulsion System for Low-Carbon Vehicles
Authors: Li Bo , Kuo Huang , Wang Xuehui , Chen Yiyi , Wang Yangang , Gerada David , Worall Sean , Stone Ian , Yan Yuying 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn overview of current thermal challenges in transport electrification is introduced in order to underpin the research developments and trends of recent thermal management techniques. Currently, explorations of intelligent thermal management and control strategies prevail among car manufacturers in the context of climate change and global warming impacts. Therefore, major cutting-edge systematic approaches in electrified powertrain are summarized in the first place. In particular, the important role of heating, ventilation and air-condition system (HVAC) is emphasised. The trends in developing efficient HVAC system for future electrified powertrain are analysed. Then electric machine efficiency is under spotlight which could be improved by introducing new thermal management techniques and strengthening the efforts of driveline integrations. The demanded integration efforts are expected to provide better value per volume, or more power output/torque per unit with smaller form factor. Driven by demands, major thermal issues of high-power density machines are raised including the comprehensive understanding of thermal path, and multiphysics challenges are addressed whilst embedding power electronic semiconductors, non-isotropic electromagnetic materials and thermal insulation materials. Last but not least, the present review has listed several typical cooling techniques such as liquid cooling jacket, impingement/spray cooling and immersion cooling that could be applied to facilitate the development of integrated electric machine, and a mechanic-electric-thermal holistic approach is suggested at early design phase. Conclusively, a brief summary of the emerging new cooling techniques is presented and the keys to a successful integration are concluded.
Non-singular
-actions: an ergodic theorem over rectangles with application to the critical dimensions
Authors: DOOLEY ANTHONY H. , JARRETT KIERAN 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe adapt techniques developed by Hochman to prove a non-singular ergodic theorem for

$\mathbb {Z}^d$
-actions where the sums are over rectangles with side lengths increasing at arbitrary rates, and in particular are not necessarily balls of a norm. This result is applied to show that the critical dimensions with respect to sequences of such rectangles are invariants of metric isomorphism. These invariants are calculated for the natural action of

$\mathbb {Z}^d$
on a product of d measure spaces.
Investigating the association of room features with healthcare-facility–onset Clostridioides difficile: An exploratory study
Authors: Root Elisabeth Dowling , Lindstrom Megan , Xie Amy , Mangino Julie E. , Moffatt-Bruce Susan , Hebert Courtney 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate hospital room and patient-level risk factors associated with increased risk of healthcare-facility–onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI).Design:The study used a retrospective cohort design that included patient data from the institution’s electronic health record, existing surveillance data on HO-CDI, and a walk-through survey of hospital rooms to identify potential room-level risk factors. The primary outcome was HO-CDI diagnosis.Setting:A large academic medical center.Patients and participants:All adult patients admitted between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016 were eligible for inclusion. Prisoners were excluded. Patients who only stayed in rooms that were not surveyed were excluded.Results:The hospital room survey collected room-level data on 806 rooms. Included in the study were 17,034 patients without HO-CDI and 251 with HO-CDI nested within 535 unique rooms. In this exploratory study, room-level risk factors associated with the outcome in the multivariate model included wear on furniture and flooring and antibiotic use by the prior room occupant. Hand hygiene devices and fixed in-room computers were associated with reduced odds of a HO-CDI. Differences between hospital buildings were also detected. The only individual patient factors that were associated with increased odds of HO-CDI were antibiotic use and comorbidity score.Conclusion:Combining a hospital-room walk-through data collection survey, EHR data, and CDI surveillance data, we were able to develop a model to investigate room and patient-level risks for HO-CDI.
Spatio-temporal variability of surface mass balance in the accumulation zone of the Mer de Glace, French Alps, from multitemporal terrestrial LiDAR measurements
Authors: Réveillet Marion , Vincent Christian , Six Delphine , Rabatel Antoine , Sanchez Olivier , Piard Luc , Laarman Olivier 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpatio-temporal variability of the winter surface mass balance is a major uncertainty in the modelling of annual surface mass balance. Moreover, its measurement at high spatio-temporal resolution (sub-200 m) is very useful to force, calibrate or validate models. This study presents the results of year-round field campaigns to study the evolution of the surface mass balance in a ~2 km2 portion of the accumulation zone of the Mer de Glace (France). It is based on repeated LiDAR acquisitions, submergence-velocity measurements and meteorological records. The two methods used to quantify submergence velocities show good agreement. They present a linear temporal evolution without significant seasonal changes but display significant spatial variability. We conclude that a dense network of submergence velocity measurements is required to reduce the uncertainties when computing winter and annual surface mass balance from digital elevation model differencing. Finally, a hight spatio-temporal variability of the winter surface mass balance is highlighted (e.g., a std dev. of 0.92 m in April) even though the topography is homogeneous (std dev. of 25 m). Attempts to relate this variability to different morpho-topographic variables and wind-related indexes show the need for studies conducted at the snowfall event scale to obtain a better understanding of the variability in mass balance at the glacier scale.
Process vs. Outcome? How to Evaluate the Effects of Participatory Processes on Legitimacy Perceptions
Authors: Werner Hannah , Marien Sofie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe potential for participatory processes to address deficits in perceptions of legitimacy is strongly debated. This letter discusses how to evaluate the effects of participatory procedures. It argues that participatory processes should not be compared to normative ideals about how citizens should behave, but rather to the status quo of representative decision making. The authors use the example of winner–loser gaps in perceptions of fairness to illustrate the importance of evaluation frameworks, drawing on twelve experiments from the Netherlands and Sweden (total N = 5,352). The study shows that the choice of benchmarks matters substantially for the interpretation of process effects. When comparing participatory processes to the status quo of representative decision making, it finds higher fairness perceptions for a participatory process than for a representative process across all twelve experiments, even when the outcomes are unfavourable.
Efficacy of halofuginone products to prevent or treat cryptosporidiosis in bovine calves: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Brainard Julii , Hammer Charlotte C. , Hunter Paul R. , Katzer Frank , Hurle Georgina , Tyler Kevin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA prior systematic review on the efficacy of halofuginone (HFG) treatment to prevent or treat cryptosporidiosis in bovine calves was inconclusive. We undertook an updated synthesis and meta-analyses on key outcomes for the treatment of calves with HFG. Evaluated outcomes were oocyst shedding, diarrhoea, mortality and weight gain. Experiments had to describe results for same age animals in contemporary arms. Most doses were 100–150 mcg kg−1 day−1. Results were subgrouped by study design, experiments with the lowest risk of bias and lack of industry funding. Eighteen articles were found that described 25 experiments. Most evidence came from randomized controlled trials in Europe. Significantly lower incidence of oocyst shedding, diarrhoea burden and mortality was reported when treatment started before calves were 5 days old. Most studies reported on outcomes for animals up to at least 28 days old. Publication bias was possible in all outcomes and seemed especially likely for diarrhoea outcomes. Beneficial results when HFG treatment was initiated in calves older than 5 days were also found. Prophylactic treatment to prevent cryptosporidiosis is effective in preventing multiple negative outcomes and is beneficial to calf health and will result in a reduction of environmental contamination by Cryptosporidium oocysts.
Order effects in PTSD network analysis: important implications for diagnostic conceptualization, treatment refinement, and research
Authors: Trachik Benjamin , Elliman Toby D. , Ganulin Michelle L. , Dretsch Michael N. , Riviere Lyndon A. , Cabrera Oscar A. , Thomas Jeffrey L. , Hoge Charles W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor decades confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) has been the preeminent method to study the underlying structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, methodological limitations of CFA have led to the emergence of other analytic approaches. In particular, network analysis has become a gold standard to investigate the structure and relationships between PTSD symptoms. A key methodological limitation, however, which has significant clinical implications, is the lack of data on the potential impact of item order effects on the conclusions reached through network analyses.MethodsThe current study, involving a large sample (N = 5055) of active duty army soldiers following deployment to Iraq, assessed the vulnerability of network analyses and prevalence rate to item order effects. This was done by comparing symptom networks of the DSM-IV PTSD checklist items to these same items distributed in random order. Half of the participants rated their symptoms on traditionally ordered items and half the participants rated the same items, but in random order and interspersed between items from other validated scales. Differences in prevalence rate and network composition were examined.ResultsThe prevalence rate differed between the ordered and random item samples. Network analyses using the ordered survey closely replicated the conclusions reached in the existing network analyses literature. However, in the random item survey, network composition differed considerably.ConclusionOrder effects appear to have a significant impact on conclusions reached from PTSD network analysis. Prevalence rates were also impacted by order effects. These findings have important diagnostic and clinical treatment implications.
Improved exponential weighted moving average based measurement noise estimation for strapdown inertial navigation system/doppler velocity log integrated system
Authors: Hou Lanhua , Xu Xiaosu , Yao Yiqing , Wang Di , Tong Jinwu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) with integrated Doppler velocity log (DVL) is widely utilised in underwater navigation. In the complex underwater environment, however, the DVL information may be corrupted, and as a result the accuracy of the Kalman filter in the SINS/DVL integrated system degrades. To solve this, an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) with measurement noise estimator to provide noise statistical characteristics is generally applied. However, existing methods like moving windows (MW) and exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) cannot adapt to a dynamic environment, which results in unsatisfactory noise estimation performance. Moreover, the forgetting factor has to be determined empirically. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved EWMA (IEWMA) method with adaptive forgetting factor for measurement noise estimation. First, the model for a SINS/DVL integrated system is established, then the MW and EWMA based measurement noise estimators are illustrated. Subsequently, the proposed IEWMA method which is adaptive to the various environments without experience is introduced. Finally, simulation and vehicle tests are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method outperforms the MW and EWMA methods in terms of measurement noise estimation and navigation accuracy.
Availability analysis of GNSS signals above GNSSs constellation
Authors: Yang Jie , Wang Xinlong , Shen Liangliang , Chen Ding 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn view of many problems associated with the availability of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals in high-altitude space, this paper presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis. First, the coverage and strength characteristics of GNSS signals in high-altitude space (i.e., space above the GNSS constellation) are presented, and the visibility of GNSS signals is evaluated by combining these two factors. Second, the geometric configuration and geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) of visible GNSS satellites are analysed. Then, the Doppler shift range of the GNSS signals is deduced based on the dynamic performance of high-altitude spacecraft. Finally, taking GaoFen-4 (GF-4) as the application object, the availability of GNSS signals is simulated and evaluated. GNSS signals in high-altitude space are generally weak, and the visible GNSS satellites are concentrated in the high-elevation range. The combination of main and side lobe signals and compatibility of multiple constellations can increase the number of visible satellites, improve the geometry configuration, reduce GDOP, and thus improve the availability of GNSS signals. The results of this research can provide technical support for the design and development of GNSS receivers suitable for high-altitude space.
Use of Mullins sheath to prevent prolapse of Gore Cardioform ASD Occluder in a child with severe scoliosis
Authors: Herron Christopher , Kobayashi Daisuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTranscatheter device closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD) may require an additional supportive technique in challenging cases. We report a 15-year-old male with moderate-sized ASD and severe scoliosis. In spite of adequate positioning of the Gore Cardioform ASD occluder, the device was pulled into the right atrium by a retrieval cord due to the acute release of strong tension between the delivery catheter and its device upon locking. This phenomenon was prevented by the use of Mullins sheath, resulting in a successful release of the device. The use of a Mullins sheath may be considered to deliver a Gore Cardioform ASD device in selected cases.