bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Benzophenone Degradation Pathways to Improve Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Battery Performance
Authors: Barros Romo Adolfo I. , Maurya Sandip , Davis Benjamin L 
Published: December 2024

The growing energy demand forces us to look for alternative sources of energy such as wind or solar. However, this type of intermittent energy must be stored for later use. In this sense, redox flow batteries (RFBs) are presented as an interesting tool for energy storage. Non-aqueous RFBs allow a wide electrochemical window for organic solvents such as acetonitrile, propylene carbonate or dimethylformamide. These solvents allow us to reach very positive and negative potentials, opening an electrochemical window greater than 5 V before observing degradation of the solvents.
In the design of electrolytes for RFBs it is essential to address aspects such as charge density, stability, price, and the voltage that the redox couple allows us to achieve. In this sense, organic molecules have been widely used as anolytes due to their high charge density, great solubility and the possibility of reaching very negative and positive potentials that would provide RFBs with efficient performance. In our search for organic molecules with E1/2 potentials equal or more negative than -2.0 V, we begun investigating benzophenone and derivatives. The BP family of derivatives have attracted the attention of the anolyte development community due to their extremely negative reduction potentials. In these molecules it is possible to achieve the first reduction at E1/2 -2.25 V vs Ag/Ag+ and the second reduction process at E1/2 -2.8 V vs Ag/Ag+. Although this molecule presents very negative reduction potentials, our initial evaluations show that they are not stable for sufficient time to be used in RFBs. Herein, we detail the degradation mechanism of benzophenones, using product characterization obtained after cycling the anolytes in redox flow batteries. We observed the generation of benzocarbinol and benzopinacol after water and support electrolyte (TBAPF6) addition respectively to a dianion (BP-●●) chemically reduced. Based on the degradation mechanism, we propose a mitigation pathway to improve the performance of these carriers, including modification of ortho position with bulky groups to protect the carbonyl group.
Inkjet Printed Ti3C2Tx MXene Electrodes for Zn-Ion Storage
Authors: Viviani Prisca , Gibertini Eugenio , Bussetti Gianlorenzo , Magagnin Luca 
Published: December 2024

The exploration of non-lithium chemistries in electrochemical energy storage, as an alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries, is gaining attention. Zinc-ion chemistry, in particular, poses great promises in transforming the energy storage field, because of its higher energy density, quicker charging capabilities and enhanced safety features, making this technology a compelling option for various applications [1]. During the charging step in zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) or hybrid zinc ion supercapacitors (ZISCs), zinc ions are reduced to metallic zinc. However, the uneven distribution and nucleation of zinc on the anodic surface represents a critical issue, as a dendritic growth of zinc will follow, leading to the battery failure. This effect, however, can be smoothened and regulated by treating the surface to improve a “zincophilic” character to the surface [2]. In this context, MXene and, in particular, Ti3C2Tx MXenes (MX) are emerging as candidate material suitable both as interfacial regulator for highly reversible and smooth Zn plating / stripping [3]. However, despite some studies pointed out the lattice matching between Zn and Ti3C2Tx as the main reason for the smooth and [002] oriented Zn growth during plating, a deep understanding of the electrochemistry of Zn2+ at the MX interface is still lacking.
In this work, we investigate the behaviour of Ti3C2Tx MXene thin film produced by inkjet printing in ZnSO4 electrolyte. In particular, we paid attention to two aspects: the mechanism of Zn ions storage both in the overpotential deposition (OPD) and underpotential deposition (UPD) regions. When the OPD region is considered, electrochemical analyses combined with morphological and microstructural characterization suggested that Zn deposition is mostly solution-controlled rather than surface tuned. On the other hand, we investigate the effect of MX flakes size on the Zn crystal growth, as smaller flakes may affect negatively the growth of hexagonal Zn crystals. In particular, in-situ analyses as Raman and electrochemical atomic force microscope (EC-AFM) as well chemical analyses by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested that a phenomenon of underpotential deposition of metallic Zn occurs in the narrow potential region preceding Zn plating potential.

Bibliography

[1] Y. Lv, L. Zhang, X. Wei, B. Qiu, W. Zhang, Q. Qin, D. Jia, X. He, Z. Liu, F. Wei, The emerging of zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors: Advances, challenges, and future perspectives, Sustainable Materials and Technologies 35 (2023) e00536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00536.
[2] P. He, Q. Chen, M. Yan, X. Xu, L. Zhou, L. Mai, C.-W. Nan, Building better zinc-ion batteries: A materials perspective, EnergyChem 1 (2019) 100022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enchem.2019.100022.
[3] Y. Shen, H. Lv, L. Chen, Recent advances in two-dimensional MXenes for zinc-ion batteries, Materials Chemistry Frontiers 7 (2023) 2373–2404. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3QM00003F.
Structurally Robust Cu-Doped P3- Na0.62Mn1-XCuxO2 Cathodes for High-Capacity Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Rakhymbay Lunara , Konarov Aishuak 
Published: December 2024

Nowadays sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are attracting significant interest due to environmentally abundant and cost-effective sodium sources and are projected as an alternative to Li-ion batteries [1]. Getting from lithium-ion batteries to sodium-ion batteries presents many obstacles with regards to material advancement and comprehension of the underlying mechanisms. Certainly, during the last decade research focused on the study and development of SIB materials, particularly cathode materials [2]. Among the all reported cathode materials layered transition metal oxides (NaxTMO2, where TM = Mn, Co, Cr, Fe etc) has been found to be appealing owing to its simple synthesis, high energy density and high capacity [3]. The structure of NaxTMO2 can be described as P2, P3 and O3 where the letters P, O represent the prismatic and octahedral Na+ coordination environment and a number indicates TMO2 layer [4]. Mn-based P3-type materials are seen as more renewable due to their ability to synthesize at lower temperatures than P2-type materials. These materials have the ability to provide high capacities but suffer from several phase transitions which leads to poor electrochemical performance. In order to enhance the cycling performance of layered cathodes, it has been demonstrated that employing doping in the structure [5].
In this work, we investigated the Cu-doping effect on Na0.62Mn1-xCuxO2
( x=0.09, 0.19 and 0.28) material properties. The Na0.62Mn1-xCuxO2 materials are synthesized via solid-state method in the oxygen atmosphere, whose crystal structure and atomic compositions are confirmed by XRD and ICP-AAS. The HR-TEM, XPS, XANES, operando-XRD and in-situ DEMS analysis were employed to systematically examine surface morphology and structure evolution during cycling.

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the grant funding of young scientists for scientific and technical projects for 2024-2026 (Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan) (AP22788427) " Advancing the Frontiers: High-performance anode-free lithium-sulfur batteries".

References:

M.H.Han,E.Gonzalo,G.Singhand T. Rojo, Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8, 81–102.

H. Pan, Y. S. Hu and L. Chen, Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 2338–2360.

Kubota, K. Kumakura, S. Yoda, Y. Kuroki, K, Adv. Energy Mater. 2018, 8, 173415−173455.

Delmas, C.; Fouassier, C.; Hagenmuller, P. Phys. B 1980, 99, 81−85.

K. Wang, Prof. P. Yan, J. Fu, Prof. M. Su, Adv. Energy Mater. 2019, 31, 1904816.
Addressing Hurdles to Decadal Operation of Next-Generation Flow Battery Chemistries
Authors: Saraidaridis James D 
Published: December 2024

In recent years, the excitement and promise of active materials designed specifically for Flow Battery applications manifested chemistries that deliver on core performance requirements such as stability, voltage, solubility, and cost. Stable organic and organometallic chemistries have a path to deliver improved performance compared to established elemental actives (e.g. V, Fe, Cr, S, Br).[1], [2], [3] As researchers and businesses seek to commercialize these new flow battery chemistries, system level performance requirements are equally vital to real-world success and need to be addressed: active crossover management, water crossover management, side reaction mitigation, SOC matching and balancing, pH management, and more.
The ligand-modified chromium-iron chemistry identified by Robb, Farrell, and Marshak showed promise in initial reports describing high performance over the span of a day of cycling.[1] RTX Technology Research Center, in collaboration with Robb and Marshak over the subsequent years, has examined performance of KCr(PDTA)|K4Fe(CN)6 over longer durations and at larger scales. In striving for longer-lived systems, the team has introduced new components and sub-systems that range from commercial membrane selection,[4] to recombination cells,[5] to reactor performance retention strategies.[6]

Acknowledgements:

The work presented herein was funded in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) and the Advanced Materials & Manufacturing Technology Office, U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-AR000994 and DE-EE0009794. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
References

Robb, B.H., J.M. Farrell, and M.P. Marshak, Chelated Chromium Electrolyte Enabling High-Voltage Aqueous Flow Batteries. Joule, 2019. 3(10): p. 2503-2512.

Kwabi, D.G., et al., Alkaline Quinone Flow Battery with Long Lifetime at pH 12. Joule, 2018. 2(9): p. 1894-1906.

Goulet, M.-A., et al., Stability of Flow Battery Organic and Organometallic Reactant Molecules. Meeting Abstracts, 2017. MA2017-01(3): p. 240.

Saraidaridis, J.D., et al., Transport of Ligand Coordinated Iron and Chromium through Cation-Exchange Membranes. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2022.

Selverston, S., R.F. Savinell, and J.S. Wainright, In-tank hydrogen-ferric ion recombination. Journal of Power Sources, 2016. 324: p. 674-678.

Saraidaridis, J. and Z. Yang, Electrolyte Takeover Strategy for Performance Recovery in Polysulfide-Permanganate Flow Batteries. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2021. 168(11): p. 110556.
Advanced Electrolytes for Mg and Ca Batteries Based on Alkoxyborates and Alkoxyaluminates
Authors: Dominko Robert , Pavčnik Tjaša , Lužanin Olivera , Moskon Joze , Gaberscek Miran , Bitenc Jan 
Published: December 2024

Magnesium and calcium batteries are considered promising battery technologies due natural abundance of magnesium and calcium, and their low redox potentials (–2.37 V and –2.87 V vs. SHE), respectively. The technology of multivalent batteries is still in the early development stage and one of the main challenges is the lack of suitable electrolytes that enable reversible plating/stripping of Mg/Ca with high Coulombic efficiency in a wide potential window, while also being compatible with the metal anode and cathode materials.
In our recent work, we explore the field of advanced electrolytes based on alkoxyborates and alkoxyaluminates. Different salts were synthesized by exchanging hfip ligands for a variety of alcohols with different sterical properties, number of binding groups, and degree of fluorination. A variety of electrolytes for both systems are studied by physicochemical and electrochemical characterization.
The application of new salts along with some additives will be discussed along with the importance of proper electrochemical wiring of cathode composite containing polymerized redox active organic moieties.

Pavčnik, T. et al.
Batter. Supercaps (2021)

Pavčnik, T. et al.
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces (2022)

Lužanin, O., et al. Batter. Supercaps, 6(2), e202200437 (2023)

Lužanin, O., et al. J. Mater. Chem. A, 11, 21553–21560 (2023)
Defective High-Entropy Spinel Oxides as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries
Authors: Ozoemena Kenneth Ikechukwu , Haruna Aderemi Bashiru 
Published: December 2024

Rechargeable zinc-air battery (ReZAB) has emerged as a viable alternative to Li-ion battery. It is safe, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and possesses high theoretical specific energy density (1086 Wh/kg) which is about five times than the Li-ion battery. Non-rechargeable zinc-air battery has been around for almost two centuries, but its rechargeable counterpart (ReZAB) is almost non-existent. One of the key frustrations for the development of the ReZAB is the poor electrochemical kinetics of the two oxygen reactions, i.e., oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Of the two oxygen reactions, OER is the limiting reaction for ReZAB because of its extreme high overpotential [1,2].
High-entropy spinel oxides (HESOx) are one of the emerging high-entropy materials as electrocatalysts for a plethora of electrocatalytic applications. HESOx exhibit excellent physical and chemical properties that allow them to be used in electrocatalysis, including as bifunctional catalysts for OER/ORR.
This presentation will describe our successful synthesis of defective single nanocrystalline HESOx materials and their application as bifunctional electrocatalysts for OER/ORR and in ReZAB. Importantly, we will show that these defective HESOx electrocatalysts meet the minimum standard for the development of technologically relevant ReZABs that can compete with Li-ion battery pack [3,4].

References

AB Haruna and KI Ozoemena, Manganese-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for zinc-air batteries, Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 2020, 21, 219-224

AK Ipadeola, AB Haruna, L Gaolatlhe, AK Lebechi, J Meng, QQ Pang, K Eid, AM Abdullah, and KI Ozoemena, Efforts at Enhancing Bifunctional Electrocatalysis and Related Events for Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries; ChemElectroChem 2021, 8, 3998-4018

JF Parker, JS Ko, DR Rolison, JW Long, Translating materials-level performance into device-relevant metrics for zinc-based batteries, Joule 2018, 2, 2519–2527.

BJ Hopkins, CN Chervin, JF Parker, JW Long, DR Rolison, An areal-energy standard to validate air-breathing electrodes for rechargeable zinc–air batteries, Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, Article 2001287
High Performance Zinc-Based Anodes for Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Fayette Matthew , Li Xiaolin , Reed David M 
Published: December 2024

In the past thirty years, there has been significant development in the search for alternative energy sources such as secondary battery systems. Zinc (fourth-most mined material) has attracted much attention due to its abundance, low-cost, and recyclability. Moreover, as zinc-based batteries can be manufactured with aqueous-based electrolytes that benefits from many advantages of Zn anode, such as low redox potential (-0.76V vs SHE), high theoretical capacity (820mAh/g), and enhanced safety. These features allow for high applicability in large-scale stationary energy storage system. Zinc-based batteries (MnO2/Zinc) have been previously commercialized and are one of the dominant technologies in the primary battery market. However, the alkaline MnO2/Zn battery is not currently considered re-chargeable due to the formation of zinc-dendrites, passivation of Zn metal, and cathode poisoning. In contrast to the alkaline system, the mild acidic system does not suffer from zinc passivation as there is negligible generation of zinc oxide/zinc hydroxide.
In this work, we report a proof-of concept work where electrodeposited zinc-based anodes (zinc and zinc-alloys) are used in mild acidic aqueous electrolyte. The study provides a comparison of commercial zinc foil, and electrodeposited zinc/zinc-alloy. The anodes are further analyzed structurally through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. To evaluate the feasibility of each anode. further electrochemical characterization was carried out in coin cells as symmetric and full cells. The electrodeposited zinc-based anodes exhibit low electrode polarization (~0.030-0.045V), and more stable cycling performance at 10 mA cm-2 compared to commercial zinc foil. Furthermore, full cells with an electrodeposited zinc or zinc-alloy anode, DTT cathode, in 2M ZnSO4 delivered comparable capacities but higher stability compared to commercial zinc. Consequently, this work points toward a further development for anode materials in rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries for scalable applications.
Rechargeable Ag–Zn Batteries Via Single-Anion Conducting Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Ford Hunter O. , Ruzicka Eric Ruzicka , Chaloux Brian , Jayakody Nishani , Swift Michael W , Klug Christopher , Kim Youngchan , Liu Xiao , Jugdersuren Battogtokh , Long Jeffrey W. , Rolison Debra R. , Sassin Megan B. 
Published: December 2024

Decarbonizing our energy infrastructure will require implementing battery chemistries beyond lithium-ion that are safe-to-operate and contain non-strategic materials. Silver–zinc, a decades-old battery technology with competitive energy and power density to Li-ion, has been used in both the military and civilian sector, but its widespread adoption is hindered by its poor reversibility and short lifespan. Realizing highly reversible, long cycle life, rechargeable Ag–Zn batteries entails simultaneously addressing two challenges: (i) suppressing shape change at the Zn metal anode that leads to dendrite-driven short-circuits, and (ii) suppressing Ag dissolution and migration out of the cathode. With the issues of shape change at the Zn anode solved by recent advancements in electrode architecture by our group,1 we turn our attention to the design of solid-state polymer electrolytes that suppress Ag dissolution and migration. We report on the synthesis and characterization of a suite of alkaline quaternary ammonium-based single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes suitable for use in Ag–Zn batteries. Specifically, we investigate the link between polymer chemistry and structure on ion transport via systematic tailoring of functional groups within the electrolyte. With these simple structural modifications, we can tune the Ag redox mechanism to shift equilibria away from the formation of Ag complexes responsible for dissolution and migration. By combining solid-state polymer electrolytes that suppress Ag transport with an NRL-patented Zn sponge anode, we demonstrate a high capacity, rechargeable Ag–Zn cell. These results serve as the foundation of a new class of solid-state polymer electrolytes to enable advanced rechargeable Ag–Zn batteries.
(1) Parker, Joseph F., et al. "Wiring zinc in three dimensions re-writes battery performance–dendrite-free cycling." Energy & Environmental Science 7.3 (2014): 1117-1124.
Urinary Tract Infection and Fetal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women in Adare General Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Authors: Yetera Ararso Agegnehu , Nima Tadesse Menjetta , Ali Musa Mohammed , Ormago Moges Desta 
Published: December 2024

Background: Fetal complications can occur if pregnant women with urinary tract infection (UTI) are not treated. We aimed to determine the magnitude of UTI, drug resistance profile, and fetal outcomes among pregnant women in Adare General Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia.Methods: Facility‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 308 pregnant women using questionnaire and review of medical records. From 308 randomly selected pregnant women, clean catch midstream urine samples were collected, processed, and inoculated onto MacConkey and blood agars and after incubation, the colonies were further confirmed by using standard biochemical tests. A binary logistic regression model was used to compute the explanatory variables with the outcome variable. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The overall prevalence of UTI was 13.6% with a 95% CI: 10–18. Out of 42 samples, 39 (92.8%) UTI infections in women between the ages of 15 and 34 were identified. The three most common bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The majority of the Gram‐negative bacteria isolates were resistant to ampicillin (96.2%) and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (39%), while the Gram‐positive bacteria were resistant to tetracycline (75%) and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (68.8%). Of the total 308 pregnant women who participated in the study, there were 51 (16.6%) poor fetal outcomes. In this study, the presence of bacteriuria had a significant association with poor fetal outcomes (p value = 0.001). The mother’s age, gravidity, level of education, occupation, marital status, and previous UTI history were not associated with the current UTI status.Conclusions: Poor fetal outcomes are strongly associated with UTI during pregnancy. Early detection of UTI and treatment after culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing should be a priority for the management of UTIs in pregnancy to avoid poor fetal outcomes.
Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Biomarkers in Coronary Heart Disease Comorbidity
Authors: Geng Chunmei , Liang Benhui , Kong Zihan , Feng Lei , Wang Jianhua , Si Qingying , Jiang Pei 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims: Coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension (HTN), depression (Dep), and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are often comorbid, resulting in an exacerbated patient condition and worsened prognosis. A lack of systematic metabolomic studies on comorbidities of CHD remains. Therefore, comprehensive metabolomic‐based evaluation of comorbidities of CHD is necessary.Methods and Results: In the current study, 169 healthy subjects, 149 CHD subjects, 107 CHD + HTN subjects, 126 CHD + Dep subjects, and 58 CHD + T2DM subjects were recruited. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used for metabolite determination, and multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to identify metabolites that are differentially expressed with the comorbidities of CHD. There were 9, 16, 14, and 10 metabolites identified in the healthy and CHD group, the CHD and CHD + HTN group, the CHD and CHD + Dep group, and the CHD and CHD + T2DM group, respectively. Six metabolic pathways were affected, involving starch and sucrose metabolism; fructose and mannose metabolism; citrate cycle; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; fatty acid biosynthesis; and glycolysis.Conclusion: Our study has systematically elucidated the metabolic changes underlying the comorbidities of CHD, thereby providing insight into the mechanisms associated with these alterations.