bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quaternary Activity of the Beihewan Fault in the Southeastern Beishan Wrench Belt, Western China: Implications for Crustal Stability and Intraplate Earthquake Hazards North of Tibet
Authors: Yang Haibo , Yang Xiaoping , Zhan Yan , Cunningham Dickson , Zhao Lingqiang , Sun Xiangyu , Hu Zongkai , Huang Xiongnan , Huang Weiliang , Miao Shuqing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present evidence for the Late Quaternary activity of the Beihewan Fault (BHWF), along the southeastern margin of the Beishan block, western China. Field observations and analysis of UAV‐derived DEMs and Google Earth images reveal an ~10‐km‐long active fault trace in a region previously considered tectonically inactive. Offset landforms and trench exposures reveal that the fault is dominantly strike‐slip, with local thrust or normal displacements. Average rates of left‐lateral motion and thrusting since the Holocene are estimated to be ~2.69 and ~0.35 mm/a, respectively. The most recent surface‐rupturing event generated ~2.5 m of strike‐slip offset since 6.2–8.6 ka; with estimatedM= 6.3–6.9. Modeling and two‐dimensional inversion of new magnetotelluric data indicate that the BHWF is a subvertical low‐resistivity zone that penetrates into the lower crust. Existing geological and geophysical evidence do not support subsurface linkage between the BHWF and Altyn Tagh–Jinta‐Nanshan Fault system further south in the Hexi Corridor. Close examination of high‐resolution satellite imagery west and east of the BHWF reveals other Quaternary surface fault scarps, pressure ridges, offset drainages, and truncated lithological strike belts. Collectively, these features constitute a previously unrecognized 150‐km‐long sinistral deforming belt along the southeastern Beishan and northern Hexi Corridor boundary that we call the Southeast Beishan Wrench Belt. Recognition of Quaternary activity along the BHWF within the larger Southeast Beishan Wrench Belt challenges long‐held assumptions that the Beishan region is a relatively stable and tectonically inactive block within the Late Cenozoic Indo‐Eurasian deformation field north of Tibet.
Time‐Space Sampling‐Related Uncertainties of Altimetric Global Mean Sea Level Estimates
Authors: Scharffenberg Martin G. , Stammer Detlef 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUncertainty measures for global mean sea level (GMSL) estimates are quantified, resulting from limited (in space and time) along‐track altimetric sampling of the global sea level field by altimetric satellite missions. To estimate such sampling‐related uncertainty, sea surface height (SSH) fields simulated by the high‐resolution STORM/NCEP ocean circulation model were subsampled along altimeter tracks for the period 1993–2010 and subsequently processed into global SSH averages using similar techniques to those used by six groups worldwide. Results show that the underlying satellite space‐time sampling has a substantial impact on the accuracy of GMSL estimates. This uncertainty originates primarily from data missing over sea ice‐covered regions; omitted data from shallow seas also contributes. Uncertainties in GMSL estimates result both from interpolation techniques required to fill data gaps such as missing tracks, and the choice of the mean sea surface required to estimate SSH anomalies. Cumulative effects lead to errors in GMSL estimates from ∼0.8 to ∼3.2 mm (root‐mean‐square, RMS), depending on the underlying details of the estimation method. Results suggest that sampling limitations in meridional direction are a fundamental constraint on the accuracy level reachable for any altimetric GMSL estimate, resulting in a systematic Gaussian uncertainty of about 1.2 mm (RMS), 50% of which occurs on monthly time scales, while some fraction occurs on time scales of several years. In all cases, a significant fraction of the error results from a mass exchange between the global ocean and sea ice‐covered polar regions. Contributions from data processing details are measurable but less significant.
Controls on Eolian Landscape Evolution in Fractured Bedrock
Authors: Perkins Jonathan P. , Finnegan Noah J. , de Silva Shanaka L. , Willis Michael J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWind abrasion is important for planetary landscape evolution, and wind‐abraded bedrock landscapes contain many landforms that are difficult to interpret. Here we exploit a natural experiment in Chile where topographic shielding by an upwind lava flow yields diverse erosional landforms in a downwind ignimbrite. Using a 3‐D topographic wind model, we find that low velocities in the wake of a lava lobe coincide with a transition from landforms reflecting fracture‐parallel erosion to flow‐parallel erosion. Erosion rates across these landforms vary with shear velocity and abrasion susceptibility of the windward escarpment. We hypothesize that this morphologic threshold is controlled by whether particles can be lofted in suspension and overcome topographic steering imposed by fractured bedrock blocks. Within a phase space set by Rouse and Stokes numbers, our data illustrate that wind‐abraded landforms reflect a competition between the material skeleton of the landscape and the strength of the flow that shapes it.
North Atlantic and Pacific Quasi‐Stationary Parts of Atmospheric Rivers and Their Implications for East Asian Monsoon Onset
Authors: Lee Hung‐I , Mitchell Jonathan L. , Tripati Aradhna , Lora Juan M. , Chen Gang , Ding Qinghua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing a global space‐time diagram of column water vapor (CWV) at 30° N latitude from daily reanalysis data, we find two quasi‐stationary parts of atmospheric rivers (QSARs) that feature locally enhanced CWV and evolve from the Eastern Pacific/Atlantic basins in the winter to the Western Pacific/Atlantic in the summer. East Asian Summer Monsoon onset coincides with the time CWV in the Pacific QSAR first exceeds 40 mm, which also typically occurs just before it makes landfall. QSARs exist in 39‐year (1979–2017) daily climatological CWV, demonstrating the seasonal cycles of these features are quasi‐stationary and potentially useful for monsoon onset prediction. East Asian Summer Monsoon onset is particularly predictable following El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, consistently occurring 25–40 days after the QSAR crosses the dateline. Analysis of local wave activity reveals QSARs as fronts of wave breakings, thus opening a new window into dynamics of subtropical monsoon extensions.
Radiative Forcing and Health Impact of Aerosols and Ozone in China as the Consequence of Clean Air Actions over 2012–2017
Authors: Dang Ruijun , Liao Hong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe applied the chemical transport model GEOS‐Chem to examine the changes in aerosols and tropospheric O3 in China from 2012–2017 and the associated radiative forcing and health impact. Simulated surface layer concentrations and column burdens of aerosols and O3 were evaluated by comparing with ground‐based and satellite‐retrieved measurements. Between 2012 and 2017, simulated annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 decreased by 21.0%, while O3 increased by 11.9% over eastern China (20–45°N, 105–122.5°E). Changes in aerosols and O3 over 2012–2017 jointly exerted a positive radiative forcing of 1.26 W/m2 over eastern China, which was dominated by the less cooling from PM2.5 reductions (1.18 W/m2). The Global Exposure Mortality Model predicted 268.3 (247.3–291.6) thousand (9.6%) fewer deaths in eastern China in 2017 relative to 2012. These results suggest an appreciable health benefit and a potential warming as a consequence of clean air actions.
The Formation of Forced Folds and Wing‐Like Sand Intrusions Driven by Pore Fluid Overpressure: Implications From 2‐D Experimental Modeling
Authors: Warsitzka Michael , Kukowski Nina , May Franz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSand injections form by intrusion of overpressured, fluidized sand into surrounding low‐permeable, fine‐grained rocks. Modern 3‐D seismic data revealed their abundant occurrence in many sedimentary basins and that their intrusion is typically associated with forced folding and tensile fractures of the sealing cover layer. In order to investigate the kinematic evolution of forced folds in relation to the associated propagation of fractures originating from an overpressured source layer, we performed idealized, quasi‐2‐D analog experiments. The models consist of noncohesive and cohesive granulates to mimic a sand reservoir and its overburden layer and injected air to produce fluid overpressure in the layered materials. Our results show that forced folding first induces tensile bending fractures at the base of the fold limbs at a certain critical fluid pressure. Due to further increase of the fluid pressure, the apex of these bending fractures serves as origin for branching, conical fractures characterized by shear and tensile failure. Fracture breakthrough is accompanied by a rapid uplift of the breached fold limb and a pressure drop in the reservoir layer followed by a continuous subsidence of the central forced fold. The morphology of the fracture pattern and the forced fold provides helpful implications for understanding formation processes of natural sand injections observed in seismic data and in outcrops.
Quantification of 3‐D Thermal Anomalies From Surface Observations of an Orogenic Geothermal System (Grimsel Pass, Swiss Alps)
Authors: Wanner Christoph , Diamond Larryn W. , Alt‐Epping Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGeothermal systems in amagmatic orogens involve topography‐driven infiltration of meteoric water up to 10 km deep into regional‐scale faults and exfiltration of the heated water in surface springs. The thermal anomalies along the upflow zones have not been quantified, yet they are key to estimating the geothermal exploitation potential of such systems. Here we quantify the three‐dimensional heat anomaly below the orogenic geothermal system at Grimsel Pass, Swiss Alps, where warm springs emanate from an exhumed, fossil hydrothermal zone. We use discharge rates and temperatures of the springs, temperature measurements along a shallow tunnel, and the formation temperature and depth of the fossil system to constrain coupled thermal–hydraulic numerical simulations of the upflow zone. The simulations reveal that upflow rates act as a first‐order control on the temperature distribution and that the site is underlain by an ellipsoidal thermal plume enclosing 102–103 PJ of anomalous heat per km depth. When the fossil system was active (3.3 Ma), the thermal plume was double its present size, corresponding to a theoretical petrothermal power output of 30–220 MW, with the 120 °C threshold for geothermal electricity production situated at less than 2‐km depth. We conclude that mountainous orogenic belts without igneous activity and even with only low background geothermal gradients typical of waning orogens are surprisingly promising plays for petrothermal power production. Our study implies exploration should focus on major valley floors because there the hydraulic head gradients and thus upflow rates and heat anomalies reach maximum values.
Modeling of Internal Tides in the Western Bay of Bengal: Characteristics and Energetics
Authors: Jithin A. K. , Francis P. A. , Unnikrishnan A. S. , Ramakrishna S. S. V. S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGeneration and propagation of internal tides in the western Bay of Bengal (BoB) are investigated using observations from Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers and simulations from a very high resolution numerical ocean model. Observations show that semidiurnal internal tides in the southern and northern parts of the western BoB are more energetic during neap phase of the local barotropic tide than those during spring phase. Numerical simulations indicate that internal tides generated over the Andaman‐Nicobar Ridge propagate westward for about 1,000–1,450 km across the BoB and finally impinge on the continental slopes off the east coast of India after 5–7 days. Energetic internal tides observed during the neap phase of the barotropic tides in the western BoB are mainly due to the arrival of remotely generated internal tides. We show that the variation in the onshore transmission of these remotely generated internal tides due to the topographic slope in the western BoB controls the strength of internal tide activity along the shelf. Superposition of reflected internal tides from continental slope, which are very steep in some regions and onshore propagating‐waves generate partly standing waves. Numerical experiments suggest that internal tides coming from remote sources account for more than 80% of the total internal tide energy observed in the western BoB. Internal tide energy dissipation on the continental margins of the western BoB is about 3 to 4 times larger than the local generation, indicating that this region is a sink for remotely generated internal tide energy.
Shelfbreak Downwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea
Authors: Foukal Nicholas P. , Pickart Robert S. , Moore G. W. K. , Lin Peigen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe oceanographic response and atmospheric forcing associated with downwelling along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea shelf/slope is described using mooring data collected from August 2002 to September 2004, along with meteorological time series, satellite data, and reanalysis fields. In total, 55 downwelling events are identified with peak occurrence in July and August. Downwelling is initiated by cyclonic low‐pressure systems displacing the Beaufort High and driving westerly winds over the region. The shelfbreak jet responds by accelerating to the east, followed by a depression of isopycnals along the outer shelf and slope. The storms last 3.25 ± 1.80 days, at which point conditions relax toward their mean state. To determine the effect of sea ice on the oceanographic response, the storms are classified into four ice seasons: open water, partial ice, full ice, and fast ice (immobile). For a given wind strength, the largest response occurs during partial ice cover, while the most subdued response occurs in the fast ice season. Over the two‐year study period, the winds were strongest during the open water season; thus, the shelfbreak jet intensified the most during this period and the cross‐stream Ekman flow was largest. During downwelling, the cold water fluxed off the shelf ventilates the upper halocline of the Canada Basin. The storms approach the Beaufort Sea along three distinct pathways: a northerly route from the high Arctic, a westerly route from northern Siberia, and a southerly route from south of Bering Strait. Differences in the vertical structure of the storms are presented as well.
Neurocognitive and social-communicative function of children born very preterm at 10 years of age: Associations with microorganisms recovered from the placenta parenchyma
Authors: Tomlinson Martha Scott , Santos Hudson P. , Stewart Jill R. , Joseph Robert , Leviton Alan , Onderdonk Andrew B. , Kuban Karl C. K. , Heeren Timothy , O’Shea T. Michael , Fry Rebecca C. ,   for the ELGAN Study Investigators, Shah Bhahvesh , Singh Rachana , Van Marter Linda , Martin Camilla , Ware Janice , Cole Cynthia , Perrin Ellen , Bednarek Frank , Frazier Jean A. , Ehrenkranz Richard , Benjamin Jennifer , O’Shea T. Michael , Bose Carl , Warner Diane , Engelke Steve , Poortenga Mariel , Pastyrnak Steve , Karna Padu , Paneth Nigel , Lenski Madeleine , Schreiber Michael , Hunter Scott , Msall Michael , Batton Danny , Klarr Judith , Christianson Karen , Klein Deborah , Pimental Maureen , Hallisey Collen , Coster Taryn , Nylen Ellen , Neger Emily , Mattern Kathryn , Venuti Lauren , Powers Beth , Foley Ann , Williams Joanne , Romano Elaine , Hiatt Debbie , Peters Nancy , Brown Patricia , Ansusinha Emily , Bose Gennie , Wereszczak Janice , Bernhardt Janice , Adams Joan , Wilson Donna , Darden-Saad Nancy , Sutton Dinah , Rathbun Julie , Miras Karen , Weiland Deborah , Yoon Grace , Ramoskaite Rugile , Wiggins Suzanne , Washington Krissy , Martin Ryan , Prendergast Barbara , Kring Beth , Smith Anne , McQuiston Susan , Butler Samantha , Wilson Rachel , McGhee Kirsten , Lee Patricia , Asgarian Aimee , Sadhwani Anjali , Henson Brandi , Keller Cecelia , Walkowiak Jenifer , Barron Susan , Miller Alice , Dessureau Brian , Wood Molly , Damon-Minow Jill , Romano Elaine , Mayes Linda , Tsatsanis Kathy , Chawarska Katarzyna , Kim Sophy , Dieterich Susan , Bearrs Karen , Waldrep Ellen , Friedman Jackie , Hounshell Gail , Allred Debbie , Helms Rebecca , Whitley Lynn , Stainback Gary , Bostic Lisa , Jacobson Amanda , McKeeman Joni , Meyer Echo , Pastyrnak Steve , Price Joan , Lloyd Megan , Plesha-Troyke Susan , Scott Megan , Solomon Katherine M. , Brooklier Kara , Vogt Kelly 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective
Infection of the placenta has been associated with preterm birth as well as neurocognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine whether specific bacterial species in the placenta of extremely preterm pregnancies are associated with neurological deficits later in life.

Study Design
Using data from 807 children in the ELGAN study the risks of a low score on six neurological assessments in relation to 15 different microbes were quantified with odds ratios.

Results
The presence of certain microbial species in the placenta was associated with lower scores on numerical and oral language assessments. Lactobacillus sp. was associated with decreased risk of a low oral language score and a composite measure of IQ and executive function.

Conclusion
Placental microorganisms were associated with neurocognitive, but not social-communicative, outcomes at age 10. In contrast, the presence of the anti-inflammatory Lactobacillus sp. in the placenta was associated with a lower risk of impaired neurocognitive functions.
Variations in AXIN2 predict risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Otero L. , Lacunza E. , Vasquez V. , Arbelaez V. , Cardier F. , González F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and hypodontia are frequent and different diseases with common genes are involved in their etiology. The objective of this study was to identify the association between AXIN2 rs2240308 with hypodontia and CRC.

Patients and methods
This study consisted of 50 individuals with hypodontia, 50 individuals with CRC, and 155 healthy individuals from Colombia. SNP genotyping assays of rs2240308 were performed and family history of cancer in individuals with hypodontia was documented. In silico analysis was implemented to define the genomic profile of the AXIN2 gene associated with CRC. Multivariate analysis, chi square, odd ratio tests, and R software were used for statistical analysis.

Results
AXIN2 rs2240308 showed association with CRC (OR = 5.4 CI: 2.7–10.4; p < 0.001) and with other familial cancer in individuals with hypodontia (p < 0.005 OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.22–6.91). In silico analysis showed that variations in AXIN2 found in CRC patients, were more frequently in earlier stages of tumor and patients who carry variations in the AXIN2 gene have a worse prognosis (p < 0.05). The association between AXIN2 rs2240308 with hypodontia was not significant.

Conclusions
These results suggest that AXIN2 rs2240308 polymorphism is associated with CRC and AXIN2 could be a risk marker for predisposition and prognosis of CRC.
“7/12” patient touch point strategy: a novel method to increase patient attendance and recommendation
Authors: Shadrav Aida , Kalenderian Elsbeth , Roig Primitivo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe US dental system is not likely to see major expansions in dental care use in the foreseeable future. The rise of dental care utilization among low-income children as well as wealthy seniors did not offset flat dental utilization among adults since the Great Recession. Similarly in Spain, the increase in the number of dental practitioners surpasses the rate of population growth. Hence, in order to remain economically viable in this competitive market, one important aspect for every dental office is to retain patients besides attracting new ones. Patients may be lost to follow-up due to a number of factors, including a lack of attention from the dental practice or a lack of trust in the provider. The “7/12" patient touch point strategy of marketing builds consumer loyalty as a result of a strong patient–provider relationship. Furthermore, this method aims to facilitate the patient’s decision to visit their dentist when it is time for preventative treatments. The purpose of this study was to measure the efficacy of a “7/12” patient touch point strategy when compared to the traditional annual recall with respect to number of active patients, percentage of word-of-mouth-recommended patients, and overall number of first-visit patients. We executed the relationship marketing concept through a novel “7/12” patient touch point approach, in which the patient was exposed to seven separate exposures in a period of 12 months. The efficacy of the “7/12” patient touch point was analyzed for 48 months across 10 clinics (24 months before and 24 months after the “7/12” strategy implementation). The “7/12” patient touch point strategy resources consisted of online and printed materials with a focus on oral health knowledge. fter analyzing the efficacy of the “7/12” patient touch point, we found an average increase of 86.91% in the number of active patients, 24.12% in the number of word-of-mouth-recommended patients, and 38.05% in the number of first visits across all clinics. This novel “7/12” patient touch point approach may be successful in increasing the retention of existing patients and generating new patients. Furthermore, this method promotes preventative care and oral health maintanance for patients and economic progress for the dental clinic.
Circular RNA circ0005276 promotes the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells by interacting with FUS to transcriptionally activate XIAP
Authors: Feng Yang , Yang Yuxuan , Zhao Xiaodan , Fan Yameng , Zhou Long , Rong Jie , Yu Yan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the major men’s malignancies with high mortality worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to serve as essential regulators in human cancers. CircRNA can exert their functions by cooperating with their host genes. In the present study, microarray analysis revealed an upregulated mRNA in PCa samples. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), a key regulator in the progression of human cancers. Through bioinformatics analysis, we determined that XIAP is a host gene for circRNA0005276. Therefore, this study focused on the interaction between circ0005276 and XIAP as well as their functions in PCa progression. The upregulation of XIAP and circ0005276 was determined in PCa tissues and cell lines. Moreover, we confirmed the positive regulation of circ0005276 on XIAP expression. Functionally, we validated that circ0005276 and XIAP promoted cell proliferation, migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Mechanistically, we verified that circ0005276 interacted with FUS binding protein (FUS) so as to activate the transcription of XIAP. Rescue assays were conducted to determine the crucial role of XIAP in circ0005276 and FUS-mediated PCa cellular processes. Collectively, our study revealed the mechanism and function of circ0005276 and its host gene XIAP in PCa progression.