bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of magnetic resonance enterography in detecting signs of sacroiliitis in young patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Giani Teresa , Bernardini Azzurra , Basile Massimo , Di Maurizo Marco , Perrone Anna , Renzo Sara , Filistrucchi Viola , Cimaz Rolando , Lionetti Paolo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Arthritis is often an underestimated extraintestinal manifestation in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including sacroiliitis, whose early signs are well detectable at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) is an accurate imaging modality for pediatric IBD assessment.
We studied the possibility to detect signs of sacroiliac inflammation in a group of children with IBD who underwent MRE for gastrointestinal disease evaluation.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed MRE scans performed in pediatric patients with IBD. We looked for signs of sacroiliitis taking the ASAS (Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society) criteria as a model. Presence of bone marrow edema (using T2W sequences with fat suppression), diffusion restriction in Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) or Diffusion Weighted Imaging with Background Suppression (DWIBS), and dynamic contrast enhancement were evaluated. Each SI joint was divided into 4 quadrants: upper iliac, lower iliac, upper sacral, and lower sacral. Two blinded observers with experience in pediatric and skeletal imaging independently evaluated the images. Cases upon which there was a disagreement were evaluated by the two reviewing radiologists and a third radiologist with similar experience together.

Results
We enrolled 34 patients (24 males and 10 females, with mean age at scanning 14.3 years, median 15.3 years; 2 affected by ulcerative colitis, 32 by Crohn’s disease) for a total of 59 examinations performed at the time of their first diagnosis or at symptom exacerbations. No patient complained of musculoskeletal symptoms, neither had pathological findings at articular examination. At the time of MRE 25 patients were under treatment for their IBD. Five patients had radiological signs of SI inflammation at MRE, albeit of mild degree. All patients with SI joint edema also had a restricted diffusion in DWIBS or DWI and almost everyone had contrast media uptake.

Conclusions
Sacroiliitis is one of the extraintestinal manifestation associated with IBD; it is often asymptomatic and clinically underdetected, with an unrelated progression with respect to the underlying IBD. MRE offers the possibility to study SI joints in young patients with IBD who undergo MRE for the investigation of their intestinal condition. Furthermore, we observed that gadolinium enhancement does not improve diagnostic specificity in sacroiliiitis detection.
How can sexual and reproductive health and rights be enhanced for young people with intellectual disability? – focus group interviews with staff in Sweden
Authors: Wickström Maria , Larsson Margareta , Höglund Berit 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Different types of staff support individuals with intellectual disability (ID) in their daily life, in schools, leisure activities and in special accommodations. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of experiences and perceptions regarding sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) among staff.

Methods
Data were collected in mid-Sweden in four focus groups with altogether 20 participants, 18 women and 2 men aged between 18 and 65 years. They had different professions and worked among youth and adults with ID aged 18–40 years in schools, accommodations and with leisure activities. Their working experience varied from 3 years to more than 20 years. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed with content analysis.

Results
The participants generally described positive attitudes towards sexuality for people with ID, both among themselves and in society. However, many situations such as ensuring privacy, balancing between waiting and acting, issues around contraception and reproduction were difficult to address and participants had hesitations about childbearing. They described different strategies such as showing respect, enhancing self-esteem and decision making ability and using interprofessional support to cope with frustrating situations. They lacked a clear mandate from managers as well as written guidelines and policies. They requested education and support from peers, supervisors and other professionals.

Conclusion
Participants in the study were generally open-minded and accepting towards sexuality among young people with ID. They thought it was difficult to deal with reproduction/parenthood and felt unprepared and frustrated in certain situations. The participants requested a clear mandate from managers, organizational guidelines, more education and inter-professional support. We believe these findings can inform the development of policy and support the implementation of SRHR related guidelines to support staff working with young people with ID.
Socio-demographic and economic inequalities in modern contraception in 11 low- and middle-income countries: an analysis of the PMA2020 surveys
Authors: Blumenberg Cauane , Hellwig Franciele , Ewerling Fernanda , Barros Aluísio J. D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Contraception is a key component of sustainable development, empowering women, reducing the risk of maternal and child mortality and promoting economic growth. It is part of the Sustainable Development Goals agenda, where the aim is to achieve universal access to sexual and reproductive health. Our objective was to evaluate trends and inequalities in modern contraceptive prevalence, and according to the type of modern contraceptive, in 11 low- and middle-income countries that are partners of the Family Planning 2020 initiative.

Methods
Analyses were performed using 62 Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 (PMA2020) surveys from 11 countries. Forty surveys were nationally representative, while 22 had regional coverage. Regional surveys were analyzed separately, totalizing 15 geographies from 11 countries. We described trends on modern contraceptive prevalence, and its subtypes (short- and long-acting reversible contraceptives, and permanent methods), by calculating absolute average annual changes. Absolute inequalities on the prevalence of modern contraceptives were assessed for the most recent survey of each geography using the slope index of inequality, and according to wealth, education and age.

Results
The overall prevalence of modern contraception increased in most geographies analyzed, reaching a 7.2 percentage points increase per year in Lagos, Nigeria. This increase was mostly influenced by the long-acting reversible contraceptives, which increased in 73% of the geographies. Although the largest share of modern contraception is represented by short-acting reversible contraceptives, these are reducing and giving space for the long-acting methods. The exception was Rajasthan, India, where the permanent methods accounted for 70% of the modern contraception share, and their prevalence was almost 40%. Inequalities were identified in favor of richer, older and better educated women.

Conclusions
Out of the 15 geographies analyzed, 11 demonstrated an increase in overall modern contraceptive use – mainly driven by the uptake of long-acting reversible contraception. However, even in the groups with the highest prevalence, modern contraceptive use was at most 60% in most geographies. So, we are far from reaching the desired universal coverage proposed by the Sustainable Development Goals.
Postural transitions detection and characterization in healthy and patient populations using a single waist sensor
Authors: Atrsaei Arash , Dadashi Farzin , Hansen Clint , Warmerdam Elke , Mariani Benoît , Maetzler Walter , Aminian Kamiar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions are frequent daily functional tasks indicative of muscle power and balance performance. Monitoring these postural transitions with inertial sensors provides an objective tool to assess mobility in both the laboratory and home environment. While the measurement depends on the sensor location, the clinical and everyday use requires high compliance and subject adherence. The objective of this study was to propose a sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transition detection algorithm that works independently of the sensor location.

Methods
For a location-independent algorithm, the vertical acceleration of the lower back in the global frame was used to detect the postural transitions in daily activities. The detection performance of the algorithm was validated against video observations. To investigate the effect of the location on the kinematic parameters, these parameters were extracted during a five-time sit-to-stand test and were compared for different locations of the sensor on the trunk and lower back.

Results
The proposed detection method demonstrates high accuracy in different populations with a mean positive predictive value (and mean sensitivity) of 98% (95%) for healthy individuals and 89% (89%) for participants with diseases.

Conclusions
The sensor location around the waist did not affect the performance of the algorithm in detecting the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions. However, regarding the accuracy of the kinematic parameters, the sensors located on the sternum and L5 vertebrae demonstrated the highest reliability.
Proteome characteristics of liver tissue from patients with parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease
Authors: Maitiabola Gulisudumu , Tian Feng , Sun Haifeng , Zhang Li , Gao Xuejin , Xue Bin , Wang Xinying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Parenteral nutrition (PN)-associated liver disease (PNALD) is a common and life-threatening complication in patients receiving PN. However, its definitive etiology is not yet clear. Therefore, performed proteomic analyses of human liver tissue to explore the same.

Methods
Liver tissue was derived and compared across selected patients with (n = 3) /without (n = 4) PNALD via isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases to explore the mechanisms of PNALD based on differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The essential proteins that were differentially expressed between the two groups were explored and verified by western blotting.

Results
A total of 112 proteins were found to be differentially expressed, of which 73 were downregulated, and 39 were upregulated in the PNALD group. Bioinformatics analysis showed DEPs to be associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mainly involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly), hepatic glycolipid metabolism (involved primarily in glycogen formation and gluconeogenesis), and oxidative stress (mainly involved in antioxidant change).

Conclusion
Overall, our results indicated that mitochondrial energy metabolism impairment, hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder, and excessive oxidative stress injury might explain the comprehensive mechanism underlying PNALD. Moreover, we have provided multiple potential targets for further exploring the PNALD mechanism.
Variation of PD-L1 expression in locally advanced cervical cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Liang Yun , Yu Minghua , Zhou Caiyun , Zhu Xiaojun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
High Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression are thought to be necessary to PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockades in many tumors. The aim of the study was to explore the variation of PD-L1 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its clinical implications.

Methods
A total of 142 paired SCC specimens before and after platinum-based NAC were obtained from cervical cancer patients. The expression of PD-L1 and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was detected by immunohistochemistry and the association between TILs, chemotherapy response, clinical outcome and PD-L1 expression was evaluated.

Results
The fraction of patients with high PD-L1 expression was significantly increased from 32.4 to 46.5% after NAC (χ2 = 5.897, p = 0.015), while the increase of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ TILs was not significant. High PD-L1 expression was not associated with CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ TILs before NAC, however CD8+ TILs infiltration was positively associated with high PD-L1 expression after NAC (r = 0.205, p = 0.014). The decreased PD-L1 expression was more observed in patients with clinical response to NAC (χ2 = 6.890, p = 0.009). A longer DFS was seen in patients with decreased PD-L1 expression than those with elevated or stable PD-L1 expression (p = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.091–0.987), while the difference was not significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.113, 95% CI: 0.108–1.266).

Conclusions
Cisplatin based chemotherapy can increase PD-L1 expression in cervical cancer. The increased PD-L1 expression and a lymphocyte predominant microenvironment after chemotherapy provide a rational for use of PD-1/PD-L1 axis-inhibitor in the neoadjuvant setting.
Ethnobotany of dye plants in Southern Italy, Mediterranean Basin: floristic catalog and two centuries of analysis of traditional botanical knowledge heritage
Authors: Prigioniero A. , Geraci A. , Schicchi R. , Tartaglia M. , Zuzolo D. , Scarano P. , Marziano M. , Postiglione A. , Sciarrillo R. , Guarino C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Since ancient times, man has learned to use plants to obtain natural dyes, but this traditional botanical knowledge (TBK) is eroding. In the late, during, and the early 1800s, there was an increase in research related to dye species, and this allowed the development of industry and economy in rural contexts of Southern Italy. Today, dyes are mainly obtained from synthetic products, and this leads to risks for human health related to pollution.

Methods
Starting from the literature, three catalogs of the dyeing species (plants, algae, fungi, and lichens) used in the Mediterranean Basin and mainly in Southern Italy have been created. Percentages of parts used and colors extracted from species have been recorded and analyzed. The plant species present in the catalogs have been verified in the territories of Southern Italy, and the data have been registered. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted, in the region of Southern Italy, to verify the erosion level of traditional botanical knowledge, linked to the ethnobotanical dyeing, over time.

Results
A total of 524 species were recorded among plants, algae, fungi, and lichens, and related parts used and extracted pigments. Most uses concern the stems and leaves, and the most frequent color is yellow. From the on-field survey operations, 283 plant species have been verified. These represent 64.31% of the species reported in the flora of the dye plants produced. The results, from the ethnobotanical survey, show that only 8.6% of TBK remained in the collective memory.

Conclusions
This catalog is among the largest in this sector and is the basis for studies related to the restoration of an eco-sustainable economy which would allow the development of marginal areas present throughout Southern Italy.
“It’s business as usual”: adolescents perspectives on the ban of alcohol sachets towards reduction in under age alcohol use in Malawi
Authors: Salimu Sangwani , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Alcohol contributes to poor health, social and economic outcomes among adolescents. In Malawi, alcohol consumption among young people significantly increased after the introduction of alcohol sachets. A government ban on the sale of alcohol sachets affected in 2012 aimed to reduce prevalence of alcohol among users. We explored adolescents perceptions regarding the effectiveness of the ban towards reducing alcohol consumption among the under aged in the country.

Methods
Using a descriptive phenomenological school-based approach, we recruited 44 school-going adolescents, 15–17 year olds using snow ball sampling and conducted 12 individual semi-structured interviews and four group discussions differentiated by sex. We sought a waiver from College of Medicine Ethics Committee (COMREC) to obtain verbal consent from adolescents. All interviews and discussions were digitally recorded and simultaneously transcribed and translated verbatim into English. Data management and analysis was done manually using thematic approach.

Results
Aggressive packaging, and marketing tendencies and lack of restrictive measures in Malawi have rendered the ban ineffective through increased affordability and availability to different income population groups and the underage. Results indicate that even though adolescents perceive the ban as a significant step towards reducing under age alcohol use, personality and drinking motives precede any interventions. Adolescents emphasized on strong personality as a significant factor for reduced alcohol intake or abstinence.

Conclusions
We recommend strict alcohol policy and enforcement regarding packaging, pricing, positive role modelling by parents and enhanced adolescent personality development through schools and families.
The impact of immunotherapy on the survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients who received definitive surgery of the pancreatic tumor: a retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Amin Saber , Baine Michael , Meza Jane , Alam Morshed , Lin Chi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy has paved the way for new therapeutic opportunities in cancer but has failed to show any efficacy in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and its therapeutic role remains unclear. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy, RT, and chemoradiation on the overall survival (OS) of PDAC patients who received definitive surgery of the tumor using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsPatients with PDAC who received definitive surgery of the pancreatic tumor and were diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 from the NCDB were identified. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to assess the survival difference between patients who received chemotherapy plus immunotherapy and chemoradiation therapy plus immunotherapy and their counterparts who only receive these treatments without immunotherapy. The multivariable analysis was adjusted for age of diagnosis, race, sex, place of living, income, education, treatment facility type, insurance status, year of diagnosis, and treatment types such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.ResultsIn total, 63,154 PDAC patients who received definitive surgery of the tumor were included in the analysis. Among the 63,154 patients, 636 (1.01%) received immunotherapy. Among patients who received chemotherapy (21,355), and chemoradiation (21,875), 157/21,355 (0.74%) received chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, and 451/21,875 (2.06%) received chemoradiation plus immunotherapy. Patients who received chemoradiation plus immunotherapy had significantly improved median OS compared to patients who only received chemoradiation with an absolute median OS benefit of 5.7 [29.31 vs. 23.66,p < 0.0001] months. In the multivariable analysis, patients who received immunotherapy had significantly improved OS compared to patients who did not receive immunotherapy (HR: 0.900; CI: 0.814–0.995;P < 0.039). Patients who received chemoradiation plus immunotherapy had significantly improved OS compared to their counterparts who only received chemoradiation without immunotherapy (HR: 0.852 CI: 0.757–0.958;P < 0.008).ConclusionsIn this study, the addition of immunotherapy to chemoradiation therapy was associated with significantly improved OS in PDAC patients who received definitive surgery. The study warrants further future clinical trials of immunotherapy in PDAC.
Shift in indications for radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic? A review of organ-specific cancer management recommendations from multidisciplinary and surgical expert groups
Authors: Vordermark Dirk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo examine, if a shift in indications for radiotherapy is to be expected in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the database Pubmed was searched for multidisciplinary or surgical expert recommendations on the role of radiotherapy in modified treatment concepts. Increased use of radiotherapy or chemoradiation instead of surgical treatment was recommended for defined patient groups with head-and-neck cancer, lung cancer, cervix cancer, esophageal cancer and prostate cancer. Omission of radiotherapy was considered in elderly patients with low-risk breast cancer and in early-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Only adjustments to the timing of radiotherapy were discussed for sarcoma and rectal cancer. Emerging recommendations on multidisciplinary cancer treatment concepts during the COVID-19 pandemic indicate a shift in radiotherapy indications and a potentially increased demand for radiotherapy.
Resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis from human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Moon Dong Kyu , Kim Bo Gyu , Lee A Ram , In Choe Yeong , Khan Imran , Moon Kyoung Mi , Jeon Ryoung-Hoon , Byun June-Ho , Hwang Sun-Chul , Woo Dong Kyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder that leads to low bone mass and microstructural deterioration of bone tissue and increases bone fractures. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound, has pleiotropic effects including anti-oxidative, anti-aging, and anti-cancer effects. Resveratrol also has roles in increasing osteogenesis and in upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). However, it is still unclear that resveratrol can enhance osteogenic differentiation or mitochondrial biogenesis of periosteum-derived MSCs (PO-MSCs), which play key roles in bone tissue maintenance and fracture healing. Thus, in order to test a possible preventive or therapeutic effect of resveratrol on osteoporosis, this study investigated the effects of resveratrol treatments on osteogenic differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis of PO-MSCs.MethodsThe optimal doses of resveratrol treatment on PO-MSCs were determined by cell proliferation and viability assays. Osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs under resveratrol treatment was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP, an early biomarker of osteogenesis) as well as by extracellular calcium deposit levels (a late biomarker). Mitochondrial biogenesis during osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs was measured by quantifying both mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents.ResultsResveratrol treatments above 10 μM seem to have negative effects on cell proliferation and viability of PO-MSCs. Resveratrol treatment (at 5 μM) on PO-MSCs during osteogenic differentiation increased both ALP activities and calcium deposits compared to untreated control groups, demonstrating an enhancing effect of resveratrol on osteogenesis. In addition, resveratrol treatment (at 5 μM) during osteogenic differentiation of PO-MSCs increased both mitochondrial mass and mtDNA copy numbers, indicating that resveratrol can bolster mitochondrial biogenesis in the process of PO-MSC osteogenic differentiation.ConclusionTaken together, the findings of this study describe the roles of resveratrol in promoting osteogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis of human PO-MSCs suggesting a possible application of resveratrol as a supplement for osteoporosis and/or osteoporotic fractures.