bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of executive functions in kindergarteners’ persistent and non‐persistent behaviour
Authors: Oeri Niamh , Kälin Sonja , Buttelmann David 
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to examine whether cognitive skills are related to persistence. Thus, children’s (N = 157, mean age: 5.9 years) persistent and non‐persistent behaviours (i.e., cheating and off‐task) were assessed in an unsolvable task. Additionally, we assessed children’s executive functions and temperament. Analysis for persistence showed that cognitive inhibition and cognitive flexibility predicted children’s persistent behaviour, beyond age and temperament. Analyses for non‐persistent behaviours revealed that temperament and weak executive functions predicted cheating, while age predicted off‐task behaviour.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

So far, persistence has been conceptualized as a temperamental sub‐dimension of self‐regulation.

What does this study add?

A child’s persistence depends not only on temperament but also on cognitive inhibition and cognitive flexibility.

There are qualitative differences between the two non‐persistent behaviours cheating and off‐task.

While cheating is related to weaker cognitive skills, off‐task behaviour seems mainly age‐related.
Long‐term outcome evaluation of medium/high risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia children treated with or without cranial radiotherapy in the EORTC 58832 randomized study
Authors: Piette Caroline , Suciu Stefan , Bertrand Yves , Uyttebroeck Anne , Vandecruys Els , Plat Geneviève , Paillard Catherine , Pluchart Claire , Sirvent Nicolas , Maurus Renée , Poirée Maryline , Simon Pauline , Ferster Alina , Hoyoux Claire , Mazingue Françoise , Paulus Robert , Freycon Claire , Thomas Caroline , Philippet Pierre , Gilotay Caroline , van der Werff Ten Bosch Jutte , Rohrlich Pierre S. , Benoit Yves 
Published: December 2019

SummaryWe investigated the long‐term outcome, the incidence of second neoplasms (SN) and the rate of late adverse effects (LAE) in children with central nervous system (CNS) negative medium/high‐risk de novo acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), in first complete remission (CR1) at end of late intensification, randomized to receive no cranial radiotherapy (No CRT, n = 92) versus CRT (standard arm, n = 84) in the non‐inferiority EORTC 58832 study (1983–1989). Median follow‐up was 20 years (range 4–32 years). The 25‐year disease‐free survival rate (±SE) was 67·4 ± 4·9% without CRT and 70·2 ± 5·0% with CRT. The 25‐year incidence of isolated (6·5 ± 2·6% vs. 4·8 ± 2·3%) and any CNS relapse {8·7 ± 2·9% vs. 11·9 ± 3·5%; hazard ratio (HR) 0·71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·28–1·79]; test of non‐inferiority: P = 0·01} was not increased without CRT. The 25‐year SN incidence in CR1 was 7·9 ± 4·6% vs. 11·0 ± 4·2%. The 25‐year event‐free and overall survival rates were quite similar in both arms [59·5 ± 6·3% vs. 60·5 ± 5·9%, HR 0·94 (95% CI 0·57–1·52), and 78·1 ± 4·3% vs. 78·5 ± 4·5%, HR 1·00 (95% CI 0·53–1·88)]. Omission of CRT was associated with dramatic decrease in CNS and endocrine LAE rates. In conclusion, our data suggest that, with proper systemic and intrathecal CNS prophylaxis, CRT could totally be omitted in CR1 without jeopardizing survival, while decreasing LAE in childhood ALL.
The effect of the urinary and faecal microbiota on lower urinary tract symptoms measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score: analysis utilising next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Holland Bradley , Karr Mallory , Delfino Kristin , Dynda Danuta , El‐Zawahry Ahmed , Braundmeier‐Fleming Andrea , McVary Kevin , Alanee Shaheen 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the correlation between urinary and faecal microbial profiles and the different aspects of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men, as there is accumulating evidence that variations in the human microbiota may promote different benign disease conditions. Patients and MethodsWe extracted total DNA from urine and faecal samples of a group of men, under an Institutional Review Board‐approved protocol. At the same time, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) data were collected. We then amplified the extracted DNA and sequenced it using bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing platform, and analysed the microbial profiles for taxonomy to examine the correlation between the different operational taxonomy units (OTUs) and LUTS represented by the total IPSS, the different symptom levels of the IPSS (mild, moderate, and severe) and its subcomponents of storage, nocturia, voiding, and bother.ResultsWe included 30 patients (60 samples; one urine and one faecal per patient). In all, 48 faecal OTUs showed a significant correlation with one or more of the IPSS components; 27 with nocturia, 19 with bother, 16 with storage symptoms, and nine with voiding symptoms. The most substantial negative (protective) correlation was between Lachnospiraceae Blautia, a bacteria that increases the availability of gut anxiolytic and antidepressant short‐chain fatty acids, and bother (correlation coefficient 0.702; P = 0.001). The abundance of L. Blautia continued to have a protective correlation against LUTS when looking at the different levels of IPSS severity (moderate and severe vs mild, correlation coefficient 0.6132; P = 0.002). Ten unique urinary OTUs showed significant correlation with LUTS; eight with nocturia, one with bother, three with storage, and one with voiding, but no faecal OUT had more than a low correlation with the outcomes of interest in this study.ConclusionsOur prospective work finds a plausible correlation between L. Blautia and LUTS. Additional studies are needed to determine if the correlations found in the present research are applicable to the general population of patients affected by LUTS.
Can point‐of‐care testing improve access to diagnostic screening and testing for people with learning disabilities? Exploring perspectives to improve access and equity
Authors: Giles Karen , Ling Jonathan , Gordon Isabel 
Published: December 2019

Accessible summaryPeople with learning disabilities, like everyone else, need to have their health checked, but this can sometimes be difficult.We asked people with learning disabilities and the people who look after them what they thought about how they have blood tests done or their hearing checked.We found out the things that make it a positive experience.We learnt that people with learning disabilities and the people who look after them thought point‐of‐care testing would be a good idea.We learnt what things they thought should be put in place to make this type of testing work well for them.AbstractBackgroundPeople with learning disabilities have an increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hearing loss. This study explored service users' and health professionals' perspectives and experiences of adopting minimally invasive diagnostic and screening devices, known as point‐of‐care testing (POCT) as a means of improving access and engagement.Materials and MethodsFocus groups and semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with attendees at a nonhealthcare day centre, specialist learning disability clinical network and national leads as well as researchers into learning disability and point‐of‐care issues. Thematic analysis of the data was undertaken.ResultsThere was a lack of awareness and experience of POCT across the users and health professionals. Despite this, on seeing the devices and discussing application there was strong support and acceptability across all participants for their use so long as individual needs were addressed. There was no consistent sense of where this testing should be done but support for the flexibility this could provide in terms of nonmedicalised locations and individual needs. Strategies for success included the use of specific adjustments such as the presence of a known carer, pre‐testing information in an appropriate format and taking into account each individual's preferences.ConclusionsPOCT is considered a viable and useful method for improving access to testing for people with learning disabilities. Adoption barriers in implementation identified as specific to the field of learning disabilities included lack of POCT awareness and diagnostic overshadowing concerns, and adjusting for individualised needs is essential.
Clinicopathologic and molecular features of intracranial desmoplastic small round cell tumors
Authors: Lee Julieann C. , Villanueva‐Meyer Javier E. , Ferris Sean P. , Cham Elaine M. , Zucker Jacob , Cooney Tabitha , Gilani Ahmed , Kleinschmidt‐DeMasters Bette K. , Trembath Dimitri , Mafra Manuela , Chiang Jason , Ellison David W. , Cho Soo‐Jin , Horvai Andrew E. , Van Ziffle Jessica , Onodera Courtney , Devine Patrick , Grenert James P. , de Voijs Carmen M.A. , van Blokland W.T. Marja , de Leng Wendy W.J. , Ploegmakers Marieke J. , Flucke Uta , Pekmezci Melike , Bollen Andrew W. , Tihan Tarik , Koelsche Christian , von Deimling Andreas , Wesseling Pieter , Solomon David A. , Perry Arie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDesmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCTs) are highly aggressive sarcomas that most commonly occur intra‐abdominally, and are defined by EWSR1‐WT1 gene fusion. Intracranial DSRCTs are exceptionally rare with only seven previously reported fusion‐positive cases. Herein, we evaluate the clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular features of five additional examples. All patients were male (age range 6–25 years; median 11 years), with four tumors located supratentorially and one within the posterior fossa. The histologic features were highly variable including small cell, embryonal, clear cell, rhabdoid, anaplastic and glioma‐like appearances. A prominent desmoplastic stroma was seen in only two cases. The mitotic index ranged from <1 to 12/10 HPF (median 5). While all tumors showed strong desmin positivity, epithelial markers such as EMA, CAM 5.2 and other keratins were strongly positive in only one, focally positive in two and negative in two cases. EWSR1‐WT1 gene fusion was present in all cases, with accompanying mutations in the TERT promoter or STAG2 gene in individual cases. Given the significant histologic diversity, in the absence of genetic evaluation these cases could easily be misinterpreted as other entities. Desmin immunostaining is a useful initial screening method for consideration of a DSRCT diagnosis, prompting confirmatory molecular testing. Demonstrating the presence of an EWSR1‐WT1 fusion provides a definitive diagnosis of DSRCT. Genome‐wide methylation profiles of intracranial DSRCTs matched those of extracranial DSRCTs. Thus, despite the occasionally unusual histologic features and immunoprofile, intracranial DSRCTs likely represent a similar, if not the same, entity as their soft tissue counterpart based on the shared fusion and methylation profiles.
Spongiform pemphigoid: A case series of an uncommon histopathologic pattern
Authors: Merton Armand , Wu Yu‐Hung 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionBullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune bullous disease characterized by subepidermal separation. We encountered cases of bullous pemphigoid confirmed by direct immunofluorescence study but demonstrating spongiotic dermatitis without subepidermal clefting. Many of them occurred in volar sites, mimicking dyshidrotic dermatitis.MethodsWe retrospectively collected patients who were pathologically and/or immunopathologically diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid from 2002 to 2017. Patients who presented with prominent spongiosis without subepidermal clefting were included and compared with patients who were diagnosed with dyshidrotic dermatitis.ResultsA total of nine cases of spongiform pemphigoid out of 385 bullous pemphigoid patients (2.3%) were identified and compared with 15 patients with dyshidrotic dermatitis. Average age of spongiform pemphigoid patients (76 years) was much older than that of the control group (34 years). Microvesicles in the mid‐ to lower epidermis (P < 0.001), eosinophils exocytosis (P < 0.001), and eosinophils microabscess (P < 0.001) in both the epidermis and papillary dermis were more common in spongiform pemphigoid.ConclusionSpongiform pemphigoid mimics spongiotic dermatitis may result in a pathological diagnostic pitfall. The presence of eosinophil microabscess and exocytosis in the epidermis and papillary dermis were important clues. Immunofluorescence studies should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid.
East is East and West is West: Population genomics and hierarchical analyses reveal genetic structure and adaptation footprints in the keystone species Paracentrotus lividus (Echinoidea)
Authors: Carreras Carlos , García‐Cisneros Alex , Wangensteen Owen S. , Ordóñez Víctor , Palacín Creu , Pascual Marta , Turon Xavier 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe Atlanto‐Mediterranean edible purple sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, is a commercially exploited keystone species in benthic communities. Its browsing activity can deeply modify the littoral landscape, and changes in its abundance are of major conservation concern. This species is facing nowadays contrasting anthropogenic pressures linked to predator release, exploitation and sea warming. Management of this key species requires knowledge of its genetic structure, connectivity and local adaptation. Our goal was to assess the current global status of the species under a genomic perspective.LocationAtlanto‐Mediterranean shores from Morocco and France to Turkey.MethodsWe used genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of 241 individuals belonging to 11 populations spanning the known range of distribution of the species. We obtained 3,348 loci for population genomics and outlier analyses.ResultsWe identified significant genetic structure and a gradient matching the longitudinal position of the localities. A hierarchical analysis revealed two main clusters (Atlantic and Mediterranean) and subtler patterns of differentiation within them. Candidate markers for selection identified between and within these two main clusters were mostly different, likely indicating different selective pressures. Adaptation to maximum salinity and maximum temperature appeared as an important driver of the transition between Atlantic and Mediterranean basins. Other stressors, such as minimum temperature or range of temperature, seem to define the structuring within the Mediterranean.Main conclusionsOur study shows the potential of hierarchical analyses on population genomics to detect fine‐scale genetic structure and adaptation signatures in marine species with long dispersal capabilities. Although genetic interchange occurs widely in Paracentrotus lividus, the species is sensitive to dispersal barriers, displays isolation by distance and faces local selective pressures associated to environmental conditions, all of which can render it more vulnerable than previously thought.
Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment developmental and socio‐emotional scales: reliability and predictive value in an at‐risk population
Authors: Hadders‐Algra Mijna , Tacke Uta , Pietz Joachim , Rupp André , Philippi Heike 
Published: December 2019

AimTo assess the reliability and predictive validity of the developmental and socio‐emotional scales of the Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA).MethodTo assess reliability, two sets of three assessors forming eight assessor‐pairs independently rated the developmental and socio‐emotional scales of 60 infants. To evaluate predictive validity, 223 infants (gestational age 30wks [range 23–41wks]; 117 males, 106 females) attending a non‐academic outpatient clinic were assessed by different assessors with SINDA’s neurological, developmental, and socio‐emotional scales. Atypical neurodevelopmental outcome at a corrected age of 24 months or older implied a Bayley Mental or Psychomotor Developmental Index score of less than 70 or neurological disorder (including cerebral palsy). Behavioural and emotional disorders were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Predictive values were calculated from SINDA (2–12mo corrected age, median 7mo) and typical versus atypical outcome, and for intellectual disability only (Mental Developmental Index <70).ResultsAssessors highly agreed on the developmental and socio‐emotional assessments (developmental scores: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficientρ=0.972; single socio‐emotional behaviour items: Cohen’sκ=0.783–0.896). At 24 months or older, 65 children had atypical outcome. Atypical neurological scores predicted atypical outcome (sensitivity 83%, specificity 96%); atypical developmental scores predicted intellectual disability (sensitivity 77%, specificity 92%). Atypical emotionality and atypical self‐regulation were associated with behavioural and emotional disorders.InterpretationSINDA’s three scales are reliable, and have a satisfactory predictive validity for atypical developmental outcome at 24 months or older in a non‐academic outpatient setting. SINDA’s developmental scale has promising predictive validity for intellectual disability. SINDA’s socio‐emotional scale is a tool for caregiver counselling.What this paper addsStandardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA)’s developmental and socio‐emotional scales have excellent interrater reliability.Replication of the satisfactory validity of SINDA’s neurological scale for atypical outcome.
Psychosocial aspects and contributions of behavioural science to medication‐taking for adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Winkley K. , Upsher R. , Polonsky W. H. , Holmes‐Truscott E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this narrative review was to determine the contribution of behavioural and psychosocial research to the field of medication‐taking for adults with type 2 diabetes over the past 25 years. We review the behavioural and psychosocial literature relevant to adults with type 2 diabetes who are treated with oral antidiabetes agents, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and insulin. Delayed uptake of, omission of and non‐persistence with medications are significant problems among adults with type 2 diabetes. At each stage of the course of diabetes, during which medication to lower blood glucose is initiated or intensified, ~50% of people take less medication than prescribed. Research aimed at increasing optimal medication‐taking behaviour has targeted ‘forgetfulness’, developing interventions which aid medication‐taking, such as reminder devices, with limited success. In parallel, investigation of beliefs about medication has provided insights into the perceived necessity of and concerns about medication and how these inform medication‐taking decisions. Guidance is available for health professionals to facilitate shared decision‐making, particularly with insulin therapy; however, interventions addressing medication beliefs are limited. Optimal medication‐taking behaviour is essential to prevent hyperglycaemia in adults with type 2 diabetes. Evidence from the past 25 years has demonstrated the association between medication beliefs and medication‐taking behaviour. Health professionals need to address medication concerns, and establish and demonstrate the utility of diabetes medication with the individual within the clinical consultation. There are interventions that may assist diabetes health professionals in the shared decision‐making process, but further development and more robust evaluation of these tools and techniques is required.
Do people displaced by development need more than financial compensation? Evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Atahar Syed Al 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMotivationMillions of people worldwide have been forcibly displaced by development projects. Bangladesh is no exception: development projects have already displaced thousands. Although those displaced are usually compensated financially, the amounts are often too small to restore their livelihoods. This has led to complementary support, such as benefit‐sharing, rebuilding and rehabilitation of livelihoods, and resettlement with development.PurposeThe study assessed the sufficiency of paid compensation in the Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge (JMB) resettlement project in order to demonstrate the need for alternative supports to complement the compensation processes to reconstruct displaced people's livelihoods.Approach and methodsHouseholds affected by the JMB project were surveyed to answer a questionnaire. Professionals and officials of the implementing agencies and key informants were interviewed. The results were compared with other better cases reported in the literature.FindingsThe monetary compensation offered to those displaced by the JMB was not enough to resettle, restore, or reconstruct displaced people's livelihoods. As a result, most of the displaced people’s livelihoods have remained unreconstructed; many faced impoverishment. The respondents' felt that the compensation paid did not cover their loss. The absence of alternative solutions for coping with the limitations of compensation left persons affected by the project much worse off than before.Policy and implicationsLivelihoods of displaced people can be protected by taking measures to avoid impoverishment. In addition to ensuring that compensation is commensurate with losses, introducing benefit‐sharing — through transfers of shares of revenues, or paying a rent for land taken over — can provide additional and consistent income. Community‐supportive systems and policies in resettlement plans should be adopted. Bangladesh should legislate to legally back benefit‐sharing resettlement policies, with penalties for non‐compliance. Funding agencies such as the World Bank, the ADB, and international and national NGOs should also act to ensure that development projects do not continue to impoverish displaced people.
Shared neural mechanisms for processing emotions in music and vocalizations
Authors: Proverbio Alice Mado , De Benedetto Francesco , Guazzone Martina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe neural mechanisms involved in the processing of vocalizations and music were compared, in order to observe possible similarities in the encoding of their emotional content. Positive and negative emotional vocalizations (e.g. laughing, crying) and violin musical stimuli digitally extracted from them were used as stimuli. They shared the melodic profile and main pitch/frequency characteristics. Participants listened to vocalizations or music while detecting rare auditory targets (bird tweeting, or piano's arpeggios). EEG was recorded from 128 sites. P2, N400 and Late positivity responses of ERPs were analysed. P2 peak was earlier in response to vocalizations, while P2 amplitude was larger to positive than negative stimuli. N400 was greater to negative than positive stimuli. LP was greater to vocalizations than music and to positive than negative stimuli. Source modelling using swLORETA suggested that, among N400 generators, the left middle temporal gyrus and the right uncus responded to both music and vocalizations, and more to negative than positive stimuli. The right parahippocampal region of the limbic lobe and the right cingulate cortex were active during music listening, while the left superior temporal cortex only responded to human vocalizations. Negative stimuli always activated the right middle temporal gyrus, whereas positively valenced stimuli always activated the inferior frontal cortex. The processing of emotional vocalizations and music seemed to involve common neural mechanisms. Notation obtained from acoustic signals showed how emotionally negative stimuli tended to be in Minor key, and positive stimuli in Major key, thus shedding some lights on the brain ability to understand music.