bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and clinical utility of the wireless motility capsule in children: A study in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Rodriguez Leonel , Heinz Nicole , Colliard Kitzia , Amicangelo Maureen , Nurko Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe wireless motility capsule (WMC) evaluates gastrointestinal motility and transit simultaneously. We evaluated the utility of the WMC in children with functional gastrointestinal symptoms.MethodsStudy in children comparing WMC transit and motility parameters between those with upper (UGI) or lower (LGI) gastrointestinal symptoms, nuclear medicine gastric emptying time (NMGET) and/or a colonic radiopaque marker (CROM) study.Key ResultsWe prospectively recruited 57 children (median age 16.45y, range 8.78‐17.8y, 44 Female) and 50 completed the study (24 UGI/26 LGI). We found no association between WMC study interpretation, motility and transit parameters and symptoms. WMC and NMGET interpretation agreement observed in 24/34 (70%) (κ = 0.351, p = 0.026) and with CROM in 17/21 (81%) patients (κ = 0.576, p = 0.007). WMC detected abnormal gastric transit in 41% vs. 24% with NMGET (p = 0.04) and abnormal colon transit in 62% vs. 71% of patients by CROM (p = 0.01). We found significant correlation (r = 0.574, p = 0.01) and no difference in median colon transit (p = 0.421) by WMC and CROM. A single WMC motility parameter, mean peak amplitude, was associated with NMGET (p = 0.04), none with CROM. Capsule retention >5 days (n = 9, all passed <2 weeks) was associated with prolonged colon transit, not with symptoms, age and gender.ConclusionsWMC is well tolerated in children as young as 8 years old. We found no association between WMC and symptoms, fair agreement with NMGET and strong agreement with CROM. WMC increases the yield of finding gastrointestinal transit abnormalities. Capsule retention in children is associated to prolonged colon transit. Larger studies are needed to further validate these findings.
Making meaning of parenting from the perspective of alienated parents
Authors: Scharp Kristina M. , Hansen Russell , Kubler Kyle F. , Wang Tiffany R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMore than 13% of parents identify as being alienated by at least one of their children. Parental alienation often occurs after divorce when one parent (un)intentionally persuades his or her children to distance themselves from or reject the other parent. This study, couched in relational dialectics theory, explores the meaning of parenting from the perspective of 40 alienated parents. This analysis yielded two competing discourses: the culturally dominant discourse of parental norms (DPN) and the culturally marginalized discourse of parental victimization (DPV). Throughout the narrative interviews, the DPV resisted the DPN in four ways (diachronic separation, entertaining, countering, and negating). This study's findings provide insights into the perspective of the alienated parents, advance what we know about family distancing, and provide practical implications.
Acquired tick resistance: The trail is hot
Authors: Narasimhan Sukanya , Kurokawa Cheyne , DeBlasio Melody , Matias Jaqueline , Sajid Andaleeb , Pal Utpal , Lynn Geoffrey , Fikrig Erol 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcquired tick resistance is a phenomenon wherein the host elicits an immune response against tick salivary components upon repeated tick infestations. The immune responses, potentially directed against critical salivary components, thwart tick feeding, and the animal becomes resistant to subsequent tick infestations. The development of tick resistance is frequently observed when ticks feed on non‐natural hosts, but not on natural hosts. The molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of tick resistance are not fully understood, and both host and tick factors are invoked in this phenomenon. Advances in molecular tools to address the host and the tick are beginning to reveal new insights into this phenomenon and to uncover a deeper understanding of the fundamental biology of tick‐host interactions. This review will focus on the expanding understanding of acquired tick resistance and highlight the impact of this understanding on anti‐tick vaccine development efforts.
Predicting Suicidal Behavior Without Asking About Suicidal Ideation: Machine Learning and the Role of Borderline Personality Disorder Criteria
Authors: Horvath Adam , Dras Mark , Lai Catie C.W. , Boag Simon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveIdentifying predictors contributing to suicide risk could help prevent suicides via targeted interventions. However, using only known risk factors may not yield accurate enough results. Furthermore, risk models typically rely on suicidal ideation, even though people often withhold this information.MethodThis study examined the contribution of various predictors to the accuracy of six machine learning models for identifying suicidal behavior in a prison population (n = 353), including borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (APD) criteria, and compared how excluding data about suicidal ideation affects accuracy.ResultsResults revealed that gradient tree boosting accurately identified individuals with suicidal behavior, even without relying on questions about suicidal ideation (AUC = 0.875, F1 = 0.846). Furthermore, the model maintained this accuracy with only 29 predictors. Meeting five or more diagnostic criteria of BPD was an important risk factor for suicidal behavior. APD criteria, in the presence of other predictors, did not substantially improve accuracy. Additionally, it may be possible to implement a decision tree model to assess individuals at risk of suicide, without focusing upon suicidal ideation.ConclusionsThese findings highlight that modern classification algorithms do not necessarily require information about suicidal ideation for modeling suicide and self‐harm behavior.
To‐Infinitive and Gerund‐Participle Clauses with the Verbs Dread and Fear
Authors: Duffley Patrick , Fisher Ryan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the variation between to‐infinitive and gerund‐participle complements with the verbs dread and fear. Specifically, it aims to explain the reasons underlying complement selection with these two verbs as well as a number of semantic effects which arise with these complement clause constructions. The approach taken here argues that an explanation of these constructions must be predicated upon an analysis of the semantic content of the items of which each one is composed. Three factors are proposed as being relevant to explaining the issues: (1) the meaning and function of the gerund‐participle, (2) the meaning and function of the to‐infinitive, and (3) the meaning of the main predicate. The findings of this study are in line with those of previous studies which have applied the same approach. This paper is intended as a small contribution to ongoing efforts to crack the complementation issue in English.
Effect of Cu Foam and Ag-Coated Layer on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Nano-Ag Sintered Joint
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Zhao , Zhou Min , Zeng Xianghua , Sun Fenglian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cu foam (Cu-F) and Ag-coated Cu-F were added into nano-Ag paste to obtain Cu-F@nano-Ag composite sintered joint. The microstructure, hardness, and shear behavior of the sintered joints were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the addition of Cu-F and Ag-coated Cu-F suppressed the generation and propagation of cracks at the interface of the sintered joint. As the thickness of the Cu-F increased from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, the deformation ratio of the Cu-F sheet raised from 12% to 50%. Thereby, the hardness and bonding strength of the sintered joint was improved due to the microstructural densification. The bonding quality between Cu-F and sintered Ag is enhanced by the Ag-coating treatment. Therefore, the Ag-coated composite joints show higher shear strength than the others.
Deformation and Failure Properties of Lithium-Ion Battery Under Axial Nail Penetration
Authors: Wang Lubing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As one of the commonly used power sources for electric vehicles, cell phones, and laptops, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have aroused more and more attention. Lithium-ion batteries will inevitably suffer from external abuse loading, triggering thermal runaway. Nail penetration is one of the most dangerous external loading methods, so it is meaningful to study the failure behaviors under this loading condition. In this article, the experimental study of 18650 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries (with nickel cobalt aluminum oxide cathode) under axial nail penetration is carried out. Force, temperature, and voltage data are recorded synchronously to learn its mechanical, thermal, and electrochemical behaviors, respectively. Then, the loading velocity effect is discussed, and the results show that the loading velocity has no obvious effect on failure properties of lithium-ion battery. Besides, deformation and failure properties of lithium-ion battery are discussed in detail. A simple homogenous computational model is established to predict the mechanical responses of the battery. The partially detailed model is also established to explore the failure mechanism. The batteries are disassembled after loading to better understand the failure morphologies. Two failure modes are discovered through experiments and computational model. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of the failure mechanism of lithium-ion battery under axial nail penetration, providing reference for battery safe design.
No Effects of Different Doses of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Cardiovascular Responses During Rest and Submaximal Exercise Across a Week in Trained Male Cyclists
Authors: Montanari Stefano , Şahin Mehmet A. , Lee Ben J. , Blacker Sam D. , Willems Mark E.T. 
Published: November 2020

Supplementation with anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant increases blood flow, cardiac output, and stroke volume at rest. It is not known whether cardiovascular responses can be replicated over longer timeframes in fed trained cyclists. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 13 male trained cyclists (age 39 ± 10 years, 55.3 ± 6.7 ml·kg−1·min−1) consumed two doses of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) extract (300 and 600 mg/day for 1 week). Cardiovascular parameters were measured during rest and submaximal cycling (65% ) on day 1 (D1), D4, and D7. Data were analyzed with an RM ANOVA using dose (placebo vs. 300 vs. 600 mg/day) by time point (D1, D4, and D7). Outcomes from placebo were averaged to determine the coefficient of variation within our experimental model, and 95% confidence interval (CI) was examined for differences between placebo and NZBC. There were no differences in cardiovascular responses at rest between conditions and between days. During submaximal exercise, no positive changes were observed on D1 and D4 after consuming NZBC extract. On D7, intake of 600 mg increased stroke volume (3.08 ml, 95% CI [−2.08, 8.26]; d = 0.16, p = .21), cardiac output (0.39 L/min, 95% CI [−1.39, .60]; d = 0.14, p = .40) (both +2.5%), and lowered total peripheral resistance by 6.5% (−0.46 mmHg·min/ml, 95% CI [−1.80, .89]; d = 0.18, p = .46). However, these changes were trivial and fell within the coefficient of variation of our study design. Therefore, we can conclude that NZBC extract was not effective in enhancing cardiovascular function during rest and submaximal exercise in endurance-trained fed cyclists.
Real-world Observational Study on Patient Outcomes in Diabetes (RESPOND): study design and baseline characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes newly initiating oral antidiabetic drug monotherapy in Japan
Authors: Yabe Daisuke , Higashiyama Hiroko , Kadowaki Takashi , Origasa Hideki , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka , Tobe Keisuke , Iglay Kristy , Tokita Shigeru , Seino Yutaka 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionTo investigate factors affecting glycemic control, oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) treatment distribution and self-care activities among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who newly initiate OAD monotherapy in a real-world setting in Japan.Research design and methodsA Real-world Observational Study on Patient Outcomes in Diabetes (RESPOND) is an ongoing, prospective, observational cohort study with follow-up at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Primary objectives include OAD treatment patterns (cross-sectional and longitudinal) among diabetes specialists versus non-specialists; adherence to diabetes self-care activities; quality of life; treatment satisfaction among patients and target attainment rates of parameters, including glycated hemoglobin. Here, we present the study design and baseline data.ResultsOf 1506 patients enrolled (June 2016–May 2017; 174 sites in Japan), 1485 were included in the baseline analysis (617 treated by specialists, 868 by non-specialists). Most patients were prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) (specialist vs non-specialist, 54.1% vs 57.1%), then sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (13.9% vs 22.2%), metformin (20.3% vs 12.9%) and other OADs (<5% individually in both groups). Regardless of age, body mass index and glycated hemoglobin, DPP-4Is were the most commonly prescribed OADs by both specialists and non-specialists. About one-fifth and one-third of patients visiting specialists and non-specialists, respectively, received no advice on diet and exercise. The proportion of patients following self-care recommendations for diet and exercise (2/5 items on the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities) was significantly higher among those visiting specialists than non-specialists.ConclusionThe use of newer OAD was common across a broad range of clinical characteristics in patients with T2DM who newly initiated monotherapy in Japan. However, patient-related and physician-related factors could affect the treatment changes during the following course of treatment. In addition, treatment outcome could vary with the observed difference in the level of patient education provided by diabetes specialists versus non-specialists.
Dealing with acute diarrhoea in adult horses
Authors: Chidlow Hayley 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAcute diarrhoea in horses accounts for around 5 per cent of admissions to referral hospitals. The disease can result in significant morbidity and mortality, and so it is important that clinicians are quick to address the clinical signs and provide supportive treatment.Aim of the articleThis article outlines the clinical signs commonly seen in cases of acute diarrhoea, the approach the first‐opinion practitioner can take to achieve a diagnosis of the cause of the diarrhoea and the methods available to treat cases of acute diarrhoea in adult horses. A second article focusing on chronic diarrhoea in horses will be published in a subsequent issue ofIn Practice.
Associations of metabolic syndrome in SLE
Authors: Apostolopoulos Diane , Vincent Fabien , Hoi Alberta , Morand Eric 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo characterise the prevalence and associations of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a multiethnic cohort of patients with SLE.MethodsUsing a standardised protocol, baseline demographics, per visit disease activity (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2K) and treatment data, and annual recording of organ damage accrual (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC-ACR) Damage Index) were captured on patients with SLE from a single tertiary centre. The presence of MetS, defined using modified updated joint consensus criteria, was assessed at the final visit from patient records. Serum concentrations of adipocytokines were measured by Quantibody.Results116 patients, with median (Q1, Q3) age at enrolment of 39.5 (31.4–51.1) years and disease duration of 6.1 (1.4–12) years, were followed for a median of 6.7 (4.1–8.1) years. The prevalence of MetS was 29% (34/116), while the prevalence of MetS components varied: hypertension (59%), low high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) (51%), hypertriglyceridaemia (32%), obesity (16%) and hyperglycaemia (22%). In univariable analysis, MetS was associated with baseline organ damage (OR 4.34; 95% CI 1.80 to 10.48; p<0.01) and organ damage accrual (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.02 to 5.36; p=0.04) but not with disease activity. In multivariable analysis, baseline organ damage remained significantly associated with MetS (adjusted OR 3.36; 95% CI 1.32 to 8.59; p=0.01). Glucocorticoid use was not associated with MetS or any of its five components. High serum concentrations of resistin were significantly negatively associated with MetS (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.70; p=0.014).ConclusionMetS was common in a multiethnic cohort of patients with SLE, with the most frequent components being hypertension and low HDL. An independent association was found between MetS and organ damage but not glucocorticoid exposure or disease activity.
Obesity-induced alterations to the immunoproteasome: a potential link to intramuscular lipotoxicity
Authors: Fletcher Emma , Gordon Paul M. 
Published: November 2020

Although the mechanisms are unclear, inflammation and/or lipotoxicity likely contribute to obese muscle pathology. The immunoproteasome is known to respond to inflammation and oxidative damage and may aid muscle regeneration. We sought to determine whether diet-induced obesity (DIO) influences the immunoproteasome subunits LMP7 and MECL-1 in mouse muscle with and without exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Muscle mass, regeneration, macrophage content and lipid peroxidation (8-isoprostane) were also assessed. Sixty male, 4-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat (HFD) or low-fat diet for 12 weeks. Mice were then subdivided into EIMD or no muscle damage (NMD) groups. The gastrocnemius muscle was excised 1 or 5 days after EIMD, producing 6 groups (n = 10/group). Body mass was greater; however, relative gastrocnemius mass was lower in HFD-fed mice. Despite no macrophage or MECL-1 alterations, LMP7 and 8-isoprostane were increased in obese mice in the NMD and 1 day post-EIMD groups. However, 8-isoprostane was reduced in obese mice 5 days post-EIMD, and accompanied by increased muscle LMP7, MECL-1 and macrophage content. Consequently, DIO may impair the immunoproteasome’s ability to control muscle lipid peroxidation but is reversed with eccentric exercise. Although muscle regeneration was unchanged, immunoproteasome dysregulation occurs in obese muscle and may contribute to muscle pathology. Novelty: DIO may impair the intramuscular immunoproteasome response to lipid peroxidation. Acute eccentric exercise may protect obese individuals from muscle lipotoxicity via immunoproteasome upregulation.
Environmental DNA detection of endangered and invasive species in Kejimkujik National Park and Historic Site
Authors: Loeza-Quintana Tzitziki , Crookes Steven , Li Pei Yuan , Reid Darrin P. , Smith Matthew , Hanner Robert H. 
Published: November 2020

The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) allows the early detection of aquatic species at low densities (e.g., elusive and invasive species), which otherwise could be challenging to monitor using conventional techniques. Here, we assess the ability of eDNA sampling to detect the presence or absence of one species at risk (Blanding’s turtle) and two invasive species (chain pickerel and smallmouth bass) in Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, Nova Scotia, where the aquatic system is highly acidic and rich in organic compounds. Five replicates of 1 L water samples were taken per sampling site. Water filtration and eDNA extractions were performed on-site, while qPCR reactions were performed in the laboratory using species-specific assays. Samples were treated with an inhibition removal kit and analyzed pre- and post-inhibition removal. Despite the low pH and PCR inhibitors in water samples, our results showed positive eDNA detections in almost all expected positive sites (except in one site for Blanding’s turtle). Detections of the target species were also observed at sites where their presence was previously unknown. Our study supports the advantage of eDNA to monitor species at low densities, revealing new distributions or recently invaded areas. We also demonstrate how eDNA can directly instruct management strategies in Kejimkujik.
Postdiagnostic Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Breast Cancer Survival: Prospective Analyses in the Nurses' Health Studies
Authors: Farvid Maryam S. , Holmes Michelle D. , Chen Wendy Y. , Rosner Bernard A. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Willett Walter C. , Eliassen A. Heather 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Fruits and vegetables contain many bioactive components that may contribute to improved survival after diagnosis of breast cancer, however, evidence to date is insufficient. We prospectively assessed the associations of postdiagnostic fruit and vegetable consumption with breast cancer–specific and all-cause mortality among 8,927 women with stage I–III breast cancer identified during follow-up of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1980–2010) and NHSII (1991–2011), using a validated food frequency questionnaire completed every 4 years after diagnosis. We prospectively documented 2,521 deaths, including 1,070 from breast cancer through follow-up until 2014 in the NHS and 2015 in the NHSII. Total fruit and vegetable and total vegetable consumption was related to lower all-cause [HRQ5vsQ1, 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.71–0.94; Ptrend = 0.004, and HRQ5vsQ1, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.97; Ptrend = 0.001, respectively], but not breast cancer–specific mortality. Total fruit consumption was not related to breast cancer–specific or all-cause mortality. Greater intake of green leafy and cruciferous vegetables was associated with lower all-cause mortality. Each 2 servings/week of blueberries was associated with a 25% (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60–0.94) lower breast cancer–specific and a 17% (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72–0.96) lower all-cause mortality. In contrast, higher fruit juice consumption was associated with higher breast cancer–specific (HRQ5vsQ1, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.09–1.63; Ptrend = 0.002) and all-cause mortality (HRQ5vsQ1, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.04–1.36; Ptrend = 0.003). Apple juice largely accounted for these higher risks and orange juice was not associated with risk. Higher postdiagnostic fruit and vegetable consumption among breast cancer survivors was not associated with breast cancer–specific mortality. However, our findings suggest that higher vegetable consumption, particularly green leafy and cruciferous vegetables, was associated with better overall survival among patients with breast cancer. Higher fruit juice consumption, but not orange juice, was associated with poorer breast cancer–specific and all-cause survival.

Significance:
A large-scale study shows that high fruit and vegetable consumption may be associated with better overall survival among breast cancer patients, while high fruit juice consumption may be associated with poorer porgnosis.