bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey for Aflatoxin B1 in Chicken Eggs
Authors: Stoloff Leonard , Trucksess Mary W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Samples of egg products were obtained during January and July 1977 from 35 establishments located in the southern part of the United States. Of the 112 samples analyzed, aflatoxin B1 was found in 1 sample of liquid egg white at a level of 0.06 ng/g. No aflatoxin was found in 101 samples of shell eggs offered for sale to consumers in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina in the late fall of 1977.
Improved Method for Determination of Light Filth in Chocolate Products
Authors: Shostak Marie T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The recovery of rodent hairs from chocolate has been significantly improved by the introduction of an additional defatting step, substitution of 4 0% isopropanol for water, and substitution of mineral oil-heptane (85+15 ) for heptane in the trapping-off step. These changes have no adverse effect on insect fragment recovery. An average recovery of 9 5 % was obtained for rodent hairs, coefficient of variation 7.9%. Insect fragment recoveries were 100%.
Modified Method for Extracting Light Filth from Chocolate Liquor by Using 2% Igepal CO 630 as Detergent Solution: Collaborative Study
Authors: Mastrorocco Donald A , Wagner Geraldine H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted among 3 laboratories comparing 2 detergent solutions, 2% Igepal CO 630 and the AOAC-approved 2% sodium lauryl sulfate, in the analysis of extraneous materials in chocolate liquor. Each laboratory tested a minimum of 8 samples per detergent solution. No significant differences were found between the numbers of rodent hairs and insect fragments recovered with the 2 detergent solutions and, in addition, igepal produced cleaner filter papers. The 2% Igepal CO 630 detergent solution has been adopted as a substitute for 2% sodium lauryl sulfate in 44.006(b) for chocolate liquor.
Determination of Zearalenone in Corn by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Ware George M , Thorpe Charles W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is reported for determining zearalenone in corn at levels as low as 10 ng/g. Samples are extracted with chloroform-water and cleaned up by liquid-liquid chromatography, and the zearalenone is detected by a fluorescence detector after separation by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Recoveries of zearalenone added to corn at levels from 10 to 200 ng/g averaged greater than 89%. In addition, a confirmation procedure is described which involves sequential HPLC analysis of the sample and a zearalenone standard, using 4 different excitation wavelengths and comparing fluorescence responses obtained. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of 11 samples of cornmeal; zearalenone was detected in 9 of the samples at levels from 11 to 69 ng/g.
Fluorometric Determination of Indole in Shrimp
Authors: Ponder Carl 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A fluorometric method is described for determining indole in shrimp. The indole is extracted with n-hexane, partitioned into a methanol- saturated sodium chloride solution ( 9 + 1 ), and determined fluoromctrically. The detection limit of the method is 0.04 μg indole/g shrimp. Quantitative analytical data are presented for indole in samples of shrimp determined by the fluorometric method and the AOAC official colorimetric and gas-liquid chromatographic procedures. The correlation coefficient between the data of the fluorometric and colorimetric methods was 0.96. Indole recovered from 25 g samples of fresh shrimp spiked with 6 and 12 μg indole/25 g ranged from 97 to 106%. The fluorescence response is linear in the range of 1 to 25 μg indole/100 ml methanol solution and no significant change is noted in solutions kept in the dark 18 hr.
Reverse Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Vitamin D in Fortified Milk
Authors: Henderson Susan K , Wickroski Alphonse F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Vitamin D was determined in commercially fortified milk, using reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The milk sample was saponified at room temperature and cleaned up on an alumina column to remove cholesterol and carotenes. The sample was then chromatographed in an HPLC system on a 0.26 × 25 cm ODS-HC-Sil-X-1 column using methanol-acetonitrile (1 + 1) as the mobile phase. For 6 milk samples, the recovery of added vitamin D using this procedure was 92%.
Calibration of Water Activity Measuring Instruments and Devices: Collaborative Study
Authors: Stoloff Leonard 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is presented for calibration or check of suitable equipment or procedures for measuring the relative humidity generated by the commodities of interest in a closed system. The critical parameters are defined and the control limit for each parameter is established to achieve the desired sensitivity and precision of measurement. A multilaboratory, multi-instrument study of the method, applied to a cross section of commodities and reference standards, demonstrated that measurements of water activity by the described method with instruments using immobilized salt solution sensors can be made with an accuracy and precision within ± 0 . 0 1 , provided there are no commodity-instrument interactions. The study showed that commodity-instrument interactions did exist with lupini beans in brine, soy sauce, and cheese spread, but not with fudge sauce. A sampling error is distinctly evident with walnuts and is probably a component of the variance with rice. There were too few laboratories using other types of instruments than those with immobilized salt solution sensors for a valid statistical analysis of each.
Use of Mass Spectrometry for Confirmation of Animal Drug Residues
Authors: Sphon James A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a technique capable of providing unambiguous confirmation of drug residues in edible tissues at trace levels. This has led to an increase in the number of new animal drug applications containing a mass spectrometry procedure as the confirmatory test. Written guidelines do not exist to cover the requirements to be met for acceptance of these procedures. The legal, analytical, and practical requirements to be considered in developing and submitting these procedures will be presented on current requirements and past experiences.
Trenbolone Acetate: Experiences with Bound Residues in Cattle Tissues
Authors: Ryan John Joseph , Hoffmann Bernd 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two heifers were implanted with 300 mg of the radiolabeled anabolic steroid, trenbolone acetate (TBA). After a 60 day slaughter and a 60 day removal followed by 76 day slaughter, total 3H-content in various tissues was 0.5—25 ng/g equivalents of TBA. Radioimmunoassay of the tissues showed that only 1-5% of the total residue present was TBA, its main metabolite trenbolone (TBOH), and TBOH glucuronide, plus up to 5% of other organic-soluble material. Of the radioactivity remaining about half was directly water-soluble, and the insoluble residue could be made water-soluble by treatment with the proteolytic enzymes pepsin and trypsin. These 2 portions were purified with Sephadex G-25 to give a low and high molecular weight fraction. Raney nickel reduction of sulfur bonds in either fraction released up to 50% of radioactivity into the organic phase. TLC showed that the latter contained 2 components which had characteristics similar to TBOH and its metabolites, and thus were at least partly drug-related metabolites. In vitro experiments with bovine liver also showed a small but definite protein binding. It is proposed that in dealing with these covalently bound residues, priority be given to the reactive drug intermediate and the type of binding to macromolecules rather than to the presence of the bound residue itself.
Determination of Citrinin in Corn and Barley
Authors: Marti Luz R , Wilson David M , Evans Bonnie D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for determining citrinin in corn and barley. The initial extraction uses an aqueous acidified acetonitrile solution, and the resulting solution is partially purified by several partition steps. Citrinin is determined by using either high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) or thin layer chromatography (TLC). For HPLC, the extract is injected on a reverse phase column, eluted with either 0.25N H3P04-methanol (45+55) or 0.25N H3P04-acetonitriIe (50+50) , and detected by fluorescence (excitation 325—385 nm, emission above 451 nm). Recovery of added citrinin from corn by this method is 60—86% at levels of 50-4000 μg/kg. For TLC, the chromatographic plates are impregnated with oxalic acid by dipping them in an oxalic acid-methanol solution before spotting and development. Recovery of added citrinin from corn, using TLC, is 40-100% at levels of 50-4000 μg-kg.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice
Authors: Stray Helge 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Patulin was extracted from apple juice with ethyl acetate and the extract was purified by elution from a silica gel column with ethyl acetate-toluene. The eluate was concentrated, and patulin was determined by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography using a 25 cm PartisiI-10 ODS column. The lower detection limit was 1 μg/L and the mean recovery of patulin added to apple juice was 82.6± 2.8%. The patulin content ranged from &lt;1 to 220 μg/L for the 140 samples analyzed.
Spectrodensitometric Determination of Chloramine-T in Ice Cream
Authors: Beljaars Paul R , Rondags Theo M M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A spectrodensitometric method has been developed for the quantitative determination of chloramine-T (N-chloro-Ar-sodium-p-toluenesulfonamide) in ice cream. Chloramine-T is extracted and converted into p-toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA) followed by thin layer chromatographic separation of concentrated extracts on silica gel and quantitation of the p-TSA spots from standards and samples by direct scanning with a reflectance densitometer at 228 nm. A linear relationship was obtained between recorded peak area and concentration for 0.5–7.0 μg p-TSA/spot. The reproducibility of the complete method was 2.87% (n = 9 determinations). The detection limit of the scanning procedure was 0.5 μg p-TSA/spot, corresponding to a concentration of 4 mg chloramine-T/kg sample. The average recovery was 88±3% (P = 95%) for 10 ice cream samples spiked with chloramine-T at levels ranging from 10 to 55 mg/kg. The described method was used to assay 146 commercial ice cream and whipped cream samples for chloramine-T.
Effects of Brine Treatment on Pesticide Residues During Recycling of Pickling Brine
Authors: Fehringer Norbert V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The effects of 2 pickle brine recycling treatments on residues of selected insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides are presented. Residues were determined in raw and brined cucumbers, in untreated brine, and in brine following pasteurization or chemical (NaOH) treatment. The samples were extracted with acetone, partitioned into methylene chloride, cleaned up by gel permeation chromatography, and quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography using nitrogen/phosphorus, electron capture, and flame photometric detectors.
Evaluation of Amperometric Detector for Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 2-Phenylphenol Residues in Orange Rind
Authors: Ott Daniel E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A modular component liquid chromatograph has been assembled which has on-stream ultraviolet (UV) and amperometric detectors connected to a dual pen recorder. In this method, the commonly used UV detection technique provides a reference for direct comparisons of results from the amperometric detector. The system has been evaluated and applied to the determination of 2-phenylphenol (2PP) fortified in orange rind. The method is not tedious; before liquid chromatographic analysis, the sample is extracted with methylene chloride and cleaned up on a Florisil column. The method is sensitive to &lt;1 ppm 2PP fortified in orange rind; there are no electrically oxidizable interferences, from control samples, in the chromatographic region of 2PP. Some background interference does appear from the same samples on the UV chromatogram. Thus, amperometric detection is more specific than UV detection for this application.
Infrared Spectrophotometric Determination of Encapsulated Famphur in Poly (lactic acid)
Authors: Giang Paul A , Jaffe Howard 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple but specific infrared (IR) spectrophotometry method for the quantitative determination of famphur, O,O-dimethyl O-[p-(dimet hylsulf amoyl) phenyl] phosphorothioate, in a capsule sample of lactic acid-polymer material is presented. The analytical method includes the following operations: extracting the encapsulated famphur with CQ4 and heat, cooling the extract to room temperature and diluting to volume with CCl4, and, after filtering through anhydrous H2S04 , determining IR absorption of the sample, which is related by a standard curve to mg famphur/ml solution.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Arprinocid in Feed
Authors: Fink David W , Fox Allen , Pivnichny James V 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Arprinocid [9 - (2 - chloro - 6 - fluorophenyl-methyl)-9H-purin-6-amine ] is determined in feed by high pressure liquid chromatography with a silica column and ultraviolet detection. The drug is extracted from the feed into chloroform in the presence of pH 7 phosphate buffer, transferred to 0.1N HCL, and separated from interfering substances by partitioning with hexane. The acidic solution is neutralized, and the analyte is extracted into chloroform for injection into the chromatograph. This procedure has been applied to feeds containing 0.0030—0.0090% arprinocid with a precision of &lt; 5% relative standard deviation at the 0.0060% formulated concentration level. The results of this chromatographic procedure also correlate with those from a colorimetric analysis.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Naphthaleneacetic Acid Residues in Apples
Authors: Cochrane William P , Lanouette Monique 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An ion-suppression reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method is described for determining naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) residues in apples. Samples are extracted with acidic chloroform, filtered through pre-acidified Hy-Flo Supercel, and cleaned up by acid-base partitioning. The extract can be successfully chromatographed on either a μLiChrosorb NH2 or μBondapak C18 column and quantitated by using a variable wavelength ultraviolet detector set at 220 mn, The mobile phase is acetonitrile-water (20+80) buffered to pH 3.5 (μLiChrosorb column) or pH 5.2 (μBondapak column) and flowing at 1.0—2.0 ml/min. Recoveries ranged from 86 to 98%. The minimum detectable amount was 0.5 ng, which easily permitted the quantitation of 0.01 ppm NAA in 50 g sample. A fluorometric detector was 4 times as sensitive, using an excitation wavelength of 220 mm and monitoring the emission at 340 nm. For this detector, the minimum detectable amount was 0.12 ng NAA.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Ethion in Formulations: Collaborative Study
Authors: Launer James E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple and rapid high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for determining ethion (O,O,O',0'-tetraethyl-S,S'-methylene bisphosphorodithioate) in formulations, using reverse phase columns of either μBondapak C18/Porasil or ODS Permaphase. The sample is dissolved in either methanol for μBondapak C18 or acetonitrile for ODS Permaphase; pentachloronitrobenzene is used as an internal standard. After inert materials are removed, the supernate is injected onto the HPLC column and the compound is quantitated by peak height ratios at 254 nm. Six collaborators made single determinations of 8 samples. The average coefficients of variation were 0.76% for the 2 technical samples, 0.63% for the two 50% formulations, 0.95% for the two 25% wettable powders, and 0.76% for the two 2% oil formulations. The method was adopted as official first action.
Analysis of Fat-Soluble Vitamins. XXI. High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Assay Methods for Vitamin D in Vitamin D Concentrates1
Authors: De Vries Ellen J , Zeeman Jakob , Esser Robert J E , Borsje Ben , Mulder Frits J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Two high pressure liquid chromatographic methods, a straight and a reverse phase system, were developed and compared with the official (chemical) AOAC method for vitamin D concentrates. The effects of the systematic error and the reproducibility of using an internal or external standard were studied, as well as the effect of using peak height or peak height × retention time for calculating the potential vitamin D content. A method is given for determining the conversion factor to calculate previtamin D as vitamin D. Based on the results of the comparison, the following conditions were selected for collaborative study: straight phase, amyl alcohol-hexane mobile phase, external standard, and calculation of potency by peak height.
Automated Analysis of High Levels of Nitrogen in Liquid Fertilizers
Authors: Barbera Andrea , Bottacin Emilio , Bovolenta Luigi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A thermometric analyzer was evaluated for analysis of individual samples and for continuous monitoring of high levels of ammonia nitrogen and urea nitrogen in the production of concentrated liquid fertilizers. Levels of nitrogen determined were 7—8% ammonia nitrogen and 14—16% urea nitrogen. All coefficients of variation were &lt;0.5%.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Detection and Estimation of Furazolidone and Nitrofurazone in Animal Feeds
Authors: Cieri Ugo R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The feed sample is extracted with acetone or dimethylformamide-acetone (1 + 1) and the filtered extracts are evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in chloroform and transferred to a silica gel column. The nitrofurans are eluted with methanol-chloroform (50+50). A portion of the eluate is evaporated to dryness and the residue is redissolved in a small volume of methanol. Aliquots of the methanolic solution are injected into a liquid chromatograph with a μBondapak C18 column, using 30% acetonitrile as the eluting solvent and ultraviolet detection at 365 nm. Several samples spiked with 0.5—50 ppm furazolidone or nitrofurazone and 2 commercial samples were analyzed by the proposed method.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Test for Honey Adulteration by High Fructose Corn Sirup
Authors: Doner Landis W , White Jonathan W , Phillips John G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method has been developed to detect the addition to honey of high fructose corn sirup (HFCS). Samples are derivatized directly with trimethylsilane, cholestane is added as an internal standard, and the levels of maltose (includes other minor disaccharides) and isomaltose are determined after chromatography on OV-17. Domestic and imported honey samples (115) contained 2.00% maltose and 0.71% isomaltose. HFCS samples (21) contained 1.50% maltose, and 2.09% isomaltose. A discriminatory equation was developed (D = 2.73 — 5.35 (isomaltose/maltose)) and, when applied to the data for these samples and 37 adulterated samples, 81.4% of authentic honey samples and 78.4% of samples known to be adulterated with HFCS were correctly classified.
Rapid Chemical Confirmation Method for Aflatoxins B1 and G1 by Direct Acetylation on a Thin Layer Plate Before Chromatography
Authors: Cauderay Philippe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method of acetylation of aflatoxins Bx and G1 before thin layer chromatographic (TLC) identification is described. Extracts containing anatoxin B1 and/or G1 are spotted on a silica gel TLC plate and overspotted with acetic anhydride and HCL. After reaction, the plate is developed and the Rf values of reacted anatoxin B1 and/or G1 are compared with those of authentic standards treated similarly.
Thin Layer Chromatographic Determination of Citrinin
Authors: Stubblefield Robert D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Clearly defined zones of citrinin can be obtained on thin layer chromatographic (TLC) plates and measured by fluorodensitometry. Silica gel plates were prepared as a slurry with aqueous 0.05M Na2EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), spread at 0.5 mm wet thickness, and activated at 105°C for 1 hr. Plates were developed in acetic acid-benzene (5+95). The limit of detection was 10 ng citrinin/zone. Densitometric analysis (365 nm excitation, 505 nm emission) revealed that a linear relationship exists for levels of 10 ng to at least 100 ng/zone wtih a coefficient of variation of ±5%.
Colorimetric Determination of Dillapiole in Wheat
Authors: Handa Swadesh K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid colorimetric method has been developed for determining residues of dillapiole (3,4-methylenedioxy-5,6-dimethoxy allyl benzene) in wheat grain. Dillapiole is reacted with sulfuric acid to liberate formaldehyde which reacts with chromotropic acid to yield a pink compound with maximum absorbance at 575 nm. The method can detect 1—15 μg residue /ml.
Characterization of a Plant Constituent Interfering in the Analysis of Residues of 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-Dimethyl-3,7-Benzofurandiol, a Metabolite of Carbofuran
Authors: Holmstead Roy L , Allsup Thurman L , Fullmer Oliver H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A plant breakdown product interfering with the analysis of 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethy1-3,7-benzofurandiol, a major metabolite of carbofuran, is a vanillin derivative and is identified as α - (4 - hydroxy - 3 - methoxyphenyl) - ethanol (methyl-guaiacyl-carbinol). Procedures for the resolution of the interference are reported.
Pyrolytic Method for Estimation of Bound Residues of Chloroaniline Compounds in Plants
Authors: Balba Hamdy M , Still Gerald G , Mansager Eugene R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
With one exception, pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen of different forms of bound [14C]-chloroaniline residues released more than 80% of the radioactivity as volatile products. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the pyrolysates indicated that the major radioactive products were the chloroaniline compounds. The pyrolysates were collected, purified, and derivatized to the corresponding trifluoroacetanilides and these derivatives were analyzed by electron capture gas chromatography. Materials used as bound residues were model synthetic lignin - [14C] - chloroaniline polymers, bound residue fractions, and lignin fractions isolated from the roots of rice plants treated hydroponically with [14C]-3-chloroaniline or [14C]-3,4-dichloroaniline.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic-Mass Fragmentographic Determination of Low Levels of Diethylcarbonate in Beverages
Authors: Lierop Ben H Van , Nootenboom Hans 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sodium chloride and ethanol (omitted for samples with &gt;10% alcohol) are added to the beverage sample and the sample is allowed to equilibrate in a 30°C water bath. An aliquot of the headspace is injected into a gas chromatograph containing a column packed with 0.2% Carbowax 1500 on 80—100 mesh Carbopack C. During the elution of diethylcarbonate (DEC), an impurity that is present in diethylpyrocarbonate, the column effluent is vented to a mass spectrometer with a multiple ion detection system and operated in the electron impact mode. The ions at m/e 63 and 91 are monitored. Lemonade, fruit drinks, wine, and beer samples (138 total) were analyzed for DEC. Sixteen samples had &gt;30 ppb DEC. Eight analyses of a lemonade sample gave a mean of 88 ppb with a coefficient of variation of 11 % .
Determination of Lonomycin by Reaction with Vanillin
Authors: Brown Robert L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid, relatively sensitive test using the vanillin reaction is described for lonomycin, a polyether antibiotic. The method can be used with powders, fermentation broths, and samples from intermediate isolation steps. The limit of detection of the test is 10 μg/g for powders and 50 μg/g for fermentation broths, although the latter level is dependent on the volume of material extracted.