bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyanophage host‐derived genes reflect contrasting selective pressures with depth in the oxic and anoxic water column of the Eastern Tropical North Pacific
Authors: Fuchsman Clara A. , Carlson Michael C. G. , Garcia Prieto David , Hays Matthew D. , Rocap Gabrielle 
Published: September 2020

SummaryCyanophages encode host‐derived genes that may increase their fitness. We examined the relative abundance of 18 host‐derived cyanophages genes in metagenomes and viromes along depth profiles from the Eastern Tropical North Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone (ETNP ODZ) where Prochlorococcus dominates a secondary chlorophyll maximum within the ODZ. Cyanophages at the oxic primary chlorophyll maximum encoded genes related to light and phosphate stress (psbA, psbD and pstS in T4‐like and psbA in T7‐like), but the proportion of cyanophage with these genes decreased with depth. The proportion of cyanophage with purine biosynthesis genes increased with depth in T4‐like, but not T7‐like cyanophages. No additional host‐derived genes were found in deep T7‐like cyanophages, suggesting that T4‐like and T7‐like cyanophages have different host‐derived gene acquisition strategies, possibly linked to their different genome packaging mechanisms. In contrast to the ETNP, in the oxic North Atlantic T4‐like cyanophages encoded psbA and pstS throughout the euphotic zone. Differences in pstS between the ETNP and the North Atlantic stations were consistent with differences in phosphate concentrations in those regimes. We suggest that the low proportion of cyanophage with psbA within the ODZ reflects the stably stratified low‐light conditions occupied by their hosts, a Prochlorococcus ecotype endemic to ODZs.
Physicochemical properties of soy protein hydrolysate and its formulation and stability with encapsulated probiotic under in vitro gastrointestinal environment
Authors: Edwards John S. , Hettiarachchy Navam S. , Kumar Thallapuranam Krishnaswamy Suresh , Carbonero Franck , Martin Elizabeth M. , Benamara Mourad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to prepare protein isolate from defatted soybean and identify an optimal hydrolysis protocol to create improved hydrolysates and ascertain the optimum encapsulation technique for probiotics. Soy protein isolate (SPI) was prepared using an alkaline extraction procedure for solubility within a neutral, beverage‐specific pH range. The soy protein hydrolysate (SPH) was prepared from aqueous extracted SPI using pepsin. The physicochemical properties of the SPH were investigated by solubility, degree of hydrolysis (DH), surface hydrophobicity, and electrophoresis. Hydrolysates from 2, 2.5, and 3 hr of hydrolysis time achieved the suitable DH between 2.5% to 5.0%. The 2.5 to 3 hr hydrolysates were also significantly more soluble than SPI at all pH levels from 85% to 95% solubility. Surface hydrophobicity of the hydrolysates ranged from 15 to 20 S0 values. Alginate (1%), resistant starch (2%), and probiotic culture (0.1%) were used as an encapsulation agent to protect probiotics. Alginate microcapsules were observed to be 1 mm in size using environmental scanning electron microscopy. The dried SPH and encapsulated probiotics with alginate in a dry powder formulation were tested for its gastrointestinal resistance and probiotic viability under in vitro simulated digestion. Approximately 1‐log decrease was observed for all experimental groups after simulated digestion (final log colony forming units [CFU]/mL range: 6.55 to 6.19) with free probiotics having the lowest log CFU/mL (6.10 ± 0.10) value. No significant difference was observed among experimental groups for probiotic viability (P = 0.445). The findings of this research will provide an understanding of formulation for easily digestible protein and encapsulated probiotics.Practical ApplicationThe findings of this research provide an understanding of improved formulation for more suitable soy protein hydrolysate and viability of encapsulated probiotics in gastrointestinal environment. Probiotics with the prebiotics in an encapsulated environment provide a technology for the enhancement of probiotics viability and for applications in suitable products for health and wellness.
Flax and hempseed oil functional ingredient stabilized by inulin and chia mucilage as a butter replacer in muffin formulations
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Luna Katherine , Ansorena Diana , Astiasarán Iciar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe addition of different amounts of a functional ingredient composed of water, inulin, chia seeds, and hemp or flaxseed oil was examined as butter replacer to improve the nutritional value of muffins. Nutritional, technological, and sensory characteristics of the reformulated products were assessed, as well as the stability under storage at room temperature. One control and six modified formulations with three levels of butter replacement (50%, 75%, and 100%) were analyzed. Modified muffins improved their nutritional profile, reducing up to 78% of fat and increasing fiber (up to 62.5%) and omega‐3 fatty acids content (from 0.12 g/100 g of product to 0.62 g and 1.55 g in hemp and flaxseed oil samples, respectively). Sensory analysis revealed that flaxseed oil samples were indistinguishable from the control in all evaluated attributes, even in the highest level of replacement. During storage, texture of modified samples behaved similar to the control and no oxidation problems were observed in any of the formulations. Therefore, the functional ingredient proved to be a feasible alternative for replacing butter in muffins, preserving the quality attributes and making them healthier foods.Practical ApplicationFunctional ingredients including fiber and low amounts of good‐quality sources of fat have a simple manufacturing process, do not require heating, and perform well once incorporated to the matrix. They are versatile and could be incorporated in other bakery products to substitute butter or even oil, to obtain a reduced calorie product and with an enhanced nutritional profile and good sensory properties.
Radiologic response of chemotherapy alone versus radiation and chemotherapy in the treatment of locally‐advanced or advanced thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Chu Robert F. , Hussien Amira , Li Q. Kay , Wang Jiangxia , Friedes Cole , Ferro Adam , Hales Russell K. , Battafarano Richard , Ettinger David S. , Voong Khinh Ranh 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundHere, we investigated radiological responses following chemotherapy alone as compared to both radiation/chemotherapy (chemoRT) in patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) who did not receive upfront surgery.MethodsTETs treated at a tertiary academic cancer center between January 2007 and July 2018 were identified. Patients received chemotherapy or chemoRT as initial therapy and pre‐ and post‐treatment scans were available. Student's t‐test, Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, and Cox proportional hazards method were used to compare clinical details and survival between groups. The primary outcome was change in tumor size, which was compared between groups using linear mixed‐effects regression models, adjusting for baseline tumor size, age, and histology.ResultsA total of 24 of 114 patients with TETs identified met the inclusion criteria. The majority of patients had 67% thymoma (67%, n = 16) and AJCC8 III–IVA disease (58%, n = 14). Median age was 58.5 years (range: 33–76), median initial tumor volume was 187.1 cc (range: 28.7–653.6) and diameter was 8.5 cm (range: 4.5–14.3). Half of the patients received upfront chemotherapy (n = 12: 83% cisplatin/adriamycin/cyclophosphamide) or chemoRT (n = 12: 58% carboplatin/paclitaxel; median RT dose: 63 Gy [range: 60–70 Gy]). At a median imaging follow‐up of 15 months (range: 0–86): ChemoRT was associated with increased average radiological response compared to chemotherapy alone (volume: −47.0 cc more, P < 0.001; diameter: −0.8 cm more, P = 0.03). In eight patients who received chemotherapy, 33% saw further tumor shrinkage (median volume: −42.3%, P = 0.03; diameter: −3.0%, P = 0.049) with additional radiation/chemoradiation. Median survival increased for patients ultimately receiving surgery versus those who did not (46 month, range: 16–127 vs. 14 month, range: 6–82; P < 0.01).ConclusionsChemoRT produced a greater radiologic response compared to chemotherapy alone in patients with TETs not suitable for upfront resection.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyWe found that chemoRT was associated with a greater radiologic response compared to patients who received chemotherapy alone.What this study addsWhat this study adds: In patients with TET not amenable to upfront resection, chemoRT may be a feasible strategy for cytoreduction.
Quality of life in patients with resectable rectal cancer during the first 24 months following diagnosis
Authors: Walming S. , Asplund D. , Bock D. , Gonzalez E. , Rosenberg J. , Smedh K. , Angenete E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimAn increasing number of patients survive rectal cancer, resulting in more patients living with the side‐effects of the treatment. Exploring quality of life before and after treatment enables follow‐up and additional treatment to be adjusted to the patient's needs. The aim of the study was to describe the quality of life during the 24 months following diagnosis and to identify risk factors for poor quality of life.MethodThis is a prospective cohort study of patients with rectal cancer followed up by extensive questionnaires. Patients from 16 surgical departments in Denmark and Sweden from 2012 to 2015 were included. The self‐assessed quality of life was measured with a seven‐point Likert scale.ResultsA total of 1110 patients treated with curative intent were included, and the response rate at the 24‐month follow‐up was 71%. Patients with rectal cancer assessed their quality of life before start of treatment as poorer than that of a reference population. At the 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐up, the quality of life on group level had recovered to the same level as for the reference population. Risk factors for poor quality of life included bother with urinary, bowel and stoma function. A reference population was used for comparison.ConclusionThe quality of life of patients with resectable rectal cancer recovered to levels comparable to a reference population 12 and 24 months after diagnosis. Our results indicate that the urinary, bowel and stoma function has an impact on quality of life.
The Anthropocene in Natural History Museums: A Productive Lens of Engagement
Authors: Oliveira Gil , Dorfman Eric , Kramar Nicolas , Mendenhall Chase D. , Heller Nicole E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Anthropocene is a proposed geological epoch, generally defined by the significant impacts of human activities on the Earth system. It provides a conceptual framework that traces historical causes, possible futures, and fundamental questions of human responsibility, values and purpose in a changing world. Here, we examine how natural history museums are engaging with the Anthropocene using two novel exhibits as a case study. First, we argue that the museum context, as a social space for learning through a range of embodied sensory experiences, is a valuable medium within which to experience the Anthropocene and communicate about it with a wide audience. Second, we observe that the Anthropocene has conceptual and practical implications for these museums. Thus, we suggest the Anthropocene is an especially productive lens of engagement for natural history museums, catalyzing both development in the science and representation, and also in public comprehension of global change.
The World Bank's ‘Assault on Poverty’ as a Political Question (1968–81)
Authors: Pereira João Márcio Mendes 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the actions of the World Bank between 1968 and 1981, under the presidency of Robert McNamara, in the context of the Cold War and the directions of US foreign aid policy. It discusses the reasons for, and the means by which the World Bank led, the ‘assault on poverty’, with an emphasis on rural poverty. It problematizes the theory which supported this initiative, analysing its operationalization in the countryside; it discusses the principal format that it assumed, the reasons which propelled it, the political calculation which guided it, the interests at play, and the results that were reached. Finally, the article argues that the ‘assault on poverty’ slogan expresses the disposition and the willingness of the World Bank to intervene in domestic questions, aiming to alter, in a selective and focused manner, the condition of particular social groups in client countries, rather than improving the general conditions of economies. This in turn demanded the strengthening of its advisory, technical assistance and economic research functions. If McNamara's policy of fighting poverty can be considered a failure in economic and social terms (a diagnosis widely accepted in the literature), this article argues that,politically, it was successful by constructing the foundations for the neoliberal‐type focused social policies that were in vogue in the following decades.
Renegotiating dimensions of the self: A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis of the lived experience of self‐managing rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Donnelly Susie , Manning Molly , Mannan Hasheem , Wilson Anthony G. , Kroll Thilo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs chronic illnesses, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), place an increased burden on health‐care systems, the ability of individuals to self‐manage these diseases is crucial.ObjectiveTo identify and synthesize the lived experience of self‐management described by adults living with RA.DesignA systematic search of five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and ASSIA) was undertaken to identify relevant studies. Data were extracted and quality‐assessed using CASP guidelines. A meta‐synthesis was conducted based on Thomas and Harden's thematic synthesis approach.ResultsThe search identified 8423 publications. After removing duplicates, 6527 records remained of which 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality of studies was moderate to high, yet a considerable lack of reflection on researcher bias was evident. Our analysis identified 28 dimensions of self‐management RA across six domains: (a) cognitive‐emotional, (b) behavioural, (c) social, (d) environmental, (e) physical and (f) technological. Cognitive‐emotional experiences dominated the analysis. Renegotiating ‘the self’ (self‐concept, self‐esteem, self‐efficacy) was a key focus of self‐management among individuals with RA.ConclusionOur findings highlight the focus of ‘the self’ as a central concern in the self‐management of RA. Standardized self‐management programmes may primarily focus on disease management and daily functioning. However, we suggest that personal biographies and circumstances should move to the fore of self‐management support.RegistrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews 2018: CRD42018100450.Patient or Public ContributionPatient and public involvement was not explicit in this review. However, three authors provided a patient perspective on the self‐management of arthritis and autoimmune disease.
Associations between maternal and paternal feeding styles of infants in a racially diverse US birth cohort
Authors: Benjamin‐Neelon Sara E. , Neelon Brian 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundMaternal feeding style has been associated with childhood obesity and has been the target of numerous interventions, but few studies included fathers.ObjectivesWe assessed correlations and associations between maternal and paternal feeding style.MethodsWe examined 202 mothers, fathers, and infants in Nurture, a racially diverse US cohort (2013‐2017). Mothers and fathers completed the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire when infants were 6 and 12 months. We examined unadjusted correlations using Spearman's Rho and adjusted associations using linear regressions.ResultsAll feeding styles were significantly correlated. After adjustment, maternal feeding style was associated with paternal feeding style at 6 and 12 months for responsive (ß 0.31; CI 0.18, 0.45; P ≤ 0.0001 and ß 0.67; CI 0.50, 0.84; P ≤ 0.0001), restrictive (ß 0.24; CI 0.09, 0.38; P = 0.001 and ß 0.44; CI 0.29, 0.59; P ≤ 0.0001), pressuring (ß 0.46; CI 0.34, 0.58; P ≤ 0.0001 and ß 0.51; CI 0.38, 065; P ≤ 0.0001), indulgent (ß 0.36; CI 0.20, 0.52; P ≤ 0.0001 and ß 0.57; CI 0.40, 0.73; P ≤ 0.0001), and laissez‐faire (ß 0.39; CI 0.24, 0.55; P ≤ 0.0001 and ß 0.55; CI 0.37, 0.72; P ≤ 0.0001).ConclusionsMaternal and paternal feeding styles were correlated. Associations held after adjustment, suggesting that mothers and fathers are in relative agreement in their reporting.
Sensorineural hearing loss with macrolide antibiotics exposure: a meta-analysis of the association
Authors: Alsowaida Yazed Saleh , Almulhim Abdulaziz Saleh , Oh Mok , Erstad Brian , Abraham Ivo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
Macrolide antibiotics are among the most commonly used antibiotics; the association of macrolide antibiotics exposure with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been hypothesized. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from inception to 15 July 2019 to identify studies used macrolide antibiotics for any indication. The results were reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects model to derive the association of macrolide antibiotics exposure with SNHL. The objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the association of macrolide antibiotics exposure and SNHL from up-to-date evidence.

Key findings
Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. There was no statistically significant association between macrolide antibiotics exposure and SNHL; the OR was 1.20 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.49). No significant association was found with any of the subgroup meta-analyses.

Summary
Whilst the frequency of SNHL was higher with macrolide antibiotics exposure compared with controls, overall, no association was found between macrolide antibiotics and SNHL.
Influence of metakaolin on the conversion and compressive strength of quaternary phase paste
Authors: Ding Wenwen , He Yongjia , Lu Linnu , Wang Fazhou , Hu Shuguang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractApplication of calcium aluminate cement in construction faces the challenges of high manufacturing cost and volumetric instability associated with hydrates conversion. This work introduces a newly developed high‐performance Ca20Al26Mg3Si3O68 (Q phase)‐metakaolin (MK) composite binder. The influence of MK on the conversion and strength development of Q phase paste cured at 40°C was investigated. The mechanism of MK on the stability of synthetic hydrate was studied by solution chemistry, XRD, and NMR. The pure Q phase paste experiences a significant strength reduction due to hydrates conversion, whereas the Q phase paste containing 15% MK exhibits a continuous increase in strength. MK promotes the formation of CAH10, contributing to the refinement of pore structure and enhanced mechanical property. The AlV and AlIV dissolved from MK increase the concentration in the pore solution, and then the solubility of CAH10 decreases due to the common‐ion effect, thus inhibiting the subsequent precipitation of C3AH6. In addition, the release of dissolved alumina from MK considerably impedes silica dissolution, and consequently, the formation of C2ASH8 is hindered at a higher content of MK.
Enhancement of mechanical properties and chemical durability of Soda‐lime silicate glasses treated by DC gas discharges
Authors: Chazot Matthieu , Paraillous Maxime , Jouannigot Stephane , Teulé‐Gay Lionel , Salvetat Jean‐Paul , Adamietz Frederic , Alvarado‐Meza Ricardo , Karam Lara , Poulon Angeline , Cardinal Thierry , Fargin Evelyne , Dussauze Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report for the first time a study on non‐contact thermal poling of soda lime silicate glasses using DC gas discharge. In this work, the formation of a glow discharge is evidenced during the thermal poling treatment (longer than 30 minutes). The hardness and the chemical durability of glasses poled under different conditions (contact or non‐contact) and atmospheres (nitrogen or air) are measured and compared to that of un‐poled reference glass. The results reveal enhanced mechanical and chemical properties for samples poled under nitrogen as compare to air poled or soda lime silicate glass samples. A structural and chemical analysis of surface of the glass using IR‐reflectance measurement and ToF‐SIMS is also presented. The formation of a “silica‐like” layer on the surface of nitrogen poled glasses is observed, which is likely associated with the enhancement of surface properties. On the other hand, the introduction of protons beneath the surface of glasses poled under air leads to the formation of a hydrated alkaline earth silica layer. Based on the observations a mechanism behind the sustainability of the plasma under DC conditions is proposed.
Enhancing mechanical and biological properties of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics by adding calcium oxide
Authors: Wang Yuyi , Wang Menglu , Chen Fuying , Feng Cong , Chen Xuening , Li Xiangfeng , Xiao Yumei , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a big challenge to achieve a balance between mechanical characteristics and biological properties in biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics. The present study investigated the effects of calcium oxide (CaO) addition on the sintering behaviors and biological performances of BCP ceramics. The characterizations of surface structure, phase composition and crystal structure demonstrated that the addition of CaO could stabilize calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) phase and reduce grain size in BCP ceramics, so as to better mimic chemical composition and crystal structure of the natural bony minerals. Mechanical tests indicated that the addition of CaO could increase the compressive strength, flexural strength and fracture toughness of BCP ceramics, because of the enhanced crack deflection associated with a transgranular to intergranular cracking. Due to high content of CDHA phase, small grain size and slightly alkali environment, BCP ceramics with appropriate amount of CaO addition (2%) could promote the spreading and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The strong bone‐like apatite formation ability predicted a good osteoinductive potential of BCP ceramics with CaO addition. In summary, these findings suggest that the addition of CaO offers a promising strategy for design and fabrication of BCP ceramics with superior mechanical and biological properties.