bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds from warm and oligotrophic seawater in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Dayan Chen , Fredj Erick , Misztal Pawel K. , Gabay Maor , Guenther Alex B. , Tas Eran 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from terrestrial vegetation and
marine organisms contribute to photochemical pollution and affect the
radiation budget, cloud properties and precipitation via secondary organic
aerosol formation. Their emission from both marine and terrestrial
ecosystems is substantially affected by climate change in ways that are
currently not well characterized. The Eastern Mediterranean Sea was
identified as a climate change “hot spot”, making it a natural laboratory
for investigating the impact of climate change on BVOC emissions from both
terrestrial and marine vegetation. We quantified the mixing ratios of a
suite of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including isoprene, dimethyl
sulfide (DMS), acetone, acetaldehyde and monoterpenes, at a mixed vegetation
site ∼4 km from the southeastern tip of the Levantine Basin,
where the sea surface temperature (SST) maximizes and ultra-oligotrophic
conditions prevail. The measurements were performed between July and October
2015 using a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer
(PTR-ToF-MS). The analyses were supported by the Model of Emissions of Gases
and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN v2.1). For isoprene and DMS mixing ratios,
we identified a dominant contribution from the seawater. Our analyses
further suggest a major contribution, at least for monoterpenes, from the
seawater. Our results indicate that the Levantine Basin greatly contributes
to isoprene emissions, corresponding with mixing ratios of up to
∼9 ppbv several kilometers inland from the sea shore. This
highlights the need to update air quality and climate models to account for
the impact of SST on marine isoprene emission. The DMS mixing ratios were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than those measured in 1995 in the same
area, suggesting a dramatic decrease in emissions due to changes in the
species composition induced by the rise in SST.
Silicone v1.0.0: an open-source Python package for inferring missing emissions data for climate change research
Authors: Lamboll Robin D. , Nicholls Zebedee R. J. , Kikstra Jarmo S. , Meinshausen Malte , Rogelj Joeri 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) project future
anthropogenic emissions which can be used as input for climate models.
However, the full list of climate-relevant emissions is lengthy and most
IAMs do not model all of them. Here we present Silicone, an open-source
Python package which infers anthropogenic emissions of unmodelled species
based on other reported emissions projections. For example, it can infer
nitrous oxide emissions in one scenario based on carbon dioxide emissions
from that scenario plus the relationship between nitrous oxide and carbon
dioxide emissions found in other scenarios. Infilling broadens the range of
IAMs available for exploring projections of future climate change, and hence
Silicone forms part of the open-source pipeline for assessments of the
climate implications of IAM scenarios, led by the Integrated Assessment
Modelling Consortium (IAMC). This paper presents a variety of infilling
options and outlines their suitability for different cases. We
recommend certain infilling techniques as good defaults but emphasise
that considering the specifics of the model being infilled will produce
better results. We demonstrate the package's utility with three examples:
infilling all required gases for a pathway with data for only one emission
species, splitting up a Kyoto emissions total into separate gases, and
complementing a set of idealised emissions curves to provide a complete,
consistent emissions portfolio. The code and notebooks explaining details of
the package and how to use it are available on GitHub (https://github.com/GranthamImperial/silicone, last access: 2 November 2020). The repository with this
paper's examples and uses of the code to complement existing research is
available at https://github.com/GranthamImperial/silicone_examples (last access: 2 November 2020).
Some logical issues in discrete mathematics and algorithmic thinking
Authors: Durand-Guerrier Viviane 
Published: November 2020

The role of logic in mathematics education has been widely discussed from the seventies and eighties during the “modern maths period” till now, and remains still a rather controversial issue in the international community. Nevertheless, the relevance of discrete mathematics and algorithmic thinking for the development of heuristic and logical competences is both one of the main points of the program of Tamás Varga, and of some didactic teams in France. In this paper, we first present the semantic perspective in mathematics education and the role of logic in the Hungarian tradition. Then, we present insights on the role of research problems in the French tradition. Finely, we raise some didactical issues in algorithmic thinking at the interface of mathematics and computer science.
Subject Classification: 97E30
"How to be well-connected?" An example for instructional process planning with Problem Graphs
Authors: Varga Eszter 
Published: November 2020

Teachers’ design capacity at work is in the focus of didactical research worldwide, and fostering this capacity is unarguably a possible turning point in the conveyance of mathematical knowledge. In Hungary, the tradition hallmarked by Tamás Varga is particularly demanding towards teachers as they are supposed to be able to plan their long-term processes very carefully. In this contribution, an extensive teaching material designed in the spirit of this tradition will be presented from the field of Geometry. For exposing its inner structure, a representational tool, the Problem Graph is introduced. The paper aims to demonstrate that this tool has potential for analyzing existing resources, helping teachers to reflect on their own preparatory and classroom work, and supporting the creation of new designs.
Subject Classification: 97D40, 97D50, 97D80, 97G10, 97U30
Integrating elements of data science into high-school teaching
Authors: Vancsó Ödön , Princz Péter 
Published: November 2020

Probability theory and mathematical statistics are traditionally one of the most difficult chapters of mathematics to teach. One of the authors, Péter Princz has experience in teaching various topics via computer programming of the problem at hand as a class activity. The proposed method is to involve programming as a didactic tool in hard-to-teach topics. The intended goal in this case is to implement a naïve Bayes-classifier algorithm in Python and demonstrate the machine-learning capabilities of it by applying it to a real-world dataset of edible or poisonous mushrooms. The students would implement the algorithm in a playful and interactive way. The proposed incremental development process aligns well with the spirit of Tamás Varga who considered computers as modern tools of experimental problem solving as early as in the 1960s.
Subject Classification: 97D40, 97D50, 97K50, 97K99, 97M60, 97P40, 97P50, 97U50
tools for developing a spatial geometric approach
Authors: Stettner Eleonóra , Emese György 
Published: November 2020

Tamás Varga writes about the use of tools: "The rational use of tools - the colored bars, the Dienes set, the logical set, the geoboard, and some other tools - is an element of our experiment that is important for all students, but especially for disadvantaged learners." (Varga T. 1977) The range of tools that can be used well in teaching has grown significantly over the years. This paper compares spatial geometric modeling kits. Tamás Varga uses the possibilities of the Babylon building set available in Hungary in the 1970s, collects space and flat geometry problems for this (Varga T. 1973). Similarly, structured kits with significantly more options have been developed later, e.g. ZomeTool and 4D Frame. These tools are regularly used in the programs of the International Experience Workshop (http://www.elmenymuhely.-hu/?lang=en). Teachers, schools that have become familiar with the versatile possibilities of these sets, use them often in the optional and regular classes. We recorded a lesson on video where secondary students worked with the 4D Frame kit. We make some comments and offer some thoughts on this lesson.
Subject Classification: 97G40, 97D40
Virtual manipulatives in inquiry-based approach of 3D problems by French 5th graders
Authors: Pacurar Ecaterina , Magot Claude-Alexandre , Cabassut Richard , Solon Yohan 
Published: November 2020

The aim of this research is to study the appropriation of a 3D environment by learners in an a-didactical situation of problem solving. We try to evaluate the relevance of the virtual 3D environment in the development of students' cognitive and metacognitive abilities. We implanted a problem-solving activity related to a 3D cube situation with an empty part in the cube in different French primary school areas in May 2019. In the experimental group each learner works individually with a PC-computer where the virtual environment ANIPPO is implemented. In the control group the pupils work in a traditional class environment. We present the results of this pre-experimentation.
Subject Classification: 97D50, 97U60, 97U70
New species and records of Evanioidea and Stephanoidea from New Caledonia (Hymenoptera)
Authors: Ramage Thibault , Jouault Corentin 
Published: November 2020

Three new species of aulacid wasps, Aulacus pascali sp. nov., Pristaulacus elveni sp. nov. and Pristaulacus villemantae sp. nov., and a new species of gasteruptiid wasp, Gasteruption jenningsi sp. nov., are described and figured. Additionally, we update identification keys to New Caledonia species of aulacids and gasteruptiids. We also provide new data on New Caledonian Evaniidae, Gasteruptiidae and Stephanidae.
Tnni1b-ECR183-d2, an 87 bp cardiac enhancer of zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Yawen , Wang Feng , Wu Fang , Wang Youhua , Wang Xu , Gui Yonghao , Li Qiang 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSeveral heart malformations are associated with mutations in the regulatory regions of cardiac genes.Troponin I type 1b (tnni1b)is important for the formation of the atrioventricular canal in zebrafish hearts; however, the regulation oftnni1bis poorly understand. We aimed to identify a small but functional enhancer that is distal totnni1b.MethodsEvolutionary Conserved Region (ECR) Browser was used to analyze the 219 kb zebrafish and human genomes covering thetnni1bgene as well as the 100 kb regions upstream and downstream oftnni1b. Putative transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) were analyzed using JASPAR and PROMO, and the enhancer activity was identified using zebrafish embryos and the luciferase reporter assay. A correlation analysis between the enhancer and transcription factors (TFs) was performed via TF overexpression and TFBS mutation experiments and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). To analyze the conservation between zebrafish and human enhancers, human DNA fragments were functionally verified. Images were captured and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy or confocal microscopy.ResultsCombined with comparative analysis and functional validation, we identified a 183 bp ECR (termed tnni1b-ECR183) that was located approximately 84 kb upstream oftnni1bthat had the heart-specific enhancer activity in zebrafish. TFBS analysis and the enhancer activity detection assay data showed that the 87 bp core region (termed tnni1b-ECR183-d2) was capable of driving specific GFP expression near the atrioventricular junction and increased luciferase expression in HEK293 and HL1 cell lines. The GFP pattern in zebrafish embryos was similar to the expression profiles oftnni1b. A correlation analysis showed that the enhancer activity of tnni1b-ECR183-d2 was increased when NKX2.5 (p = 0.0006) or JUN (p < 0.0001) was overexpressed and was decreased when the TFBSs of NKX2.5 (p < 0.0001) or JUN (p = 0.0018) were mutated. In addition, DNA-protein interactions were not observed between these TFs and tnni1b-ECR183-d2 in the EMSA experiment. The conservation analysis showed that tnni1b-ECR183-h179 (aligned from tnni1b-ECR183) drove GFP expression in the heart and skeletal muscles and increased the luciferase expression after NKX2.5 (p < 0.0001), JUN (p < 0.0001) or ETS1 (p < 0.0001) was overexpressed. Interestingly, the truncated fragment tnni1b-ECR183-h84 mainly drove GFP expression in the skeletal muscles of zebrafish and the enhancer activity decreased when NKX2.5 (p = 0.0028), ETS1 (p = 0.0001) or GATA4 (p < 0.0001) was overexpressed.ConclusionsAn 87 bp cardiac-specific enhancer located 84 kb upstream oftnni1bin zebrafish was positively correlated with NKX2.5 or JUN. The zebrafish and human enhancers in this study target different tissues. The GFP expression mediated by tnni1b-ECR183-d2 is a valuable tool for marking the domain around the atrioventricular junction.
Effect of Performance-based Financing on the Coverage of Antenatal Care and Immunization Services in Buea Health District, Cameroon
Authors: Ekenja Betrand , Mbah Finley 
Published: November 2020

Introduction and Aim: Financing healthcare is a major factor in our society today which affects access to quality healthcare. The MDGs reached their deadline in 2015 but progress has been insufficient with reducing the morbidity and mortality rates of diseases. The healthcare system of Cameroon is characterized by low coverage for preventive care services. Innovative ways must be identified to fast track the coverage of MCH services. Lack of incentives affects the coverage of ANC and immunization services. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of PBF on the coverage of ANC and immunization services.
Methods: An experimental study design was used and health facilities in the Buea Health District were randomly selected and assigned to one of four groups, three intervention groups (T1, C1 and C2) and one control group (C3). Using multistage sampling, a total of 434 postpartum mothers and 474 children participated in the study. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used and data was analyzed using EPI Info version 3.5.4 and STATA version 10.1 statistical software.
Results: The mean age of the 434 postpartum mothers was 26.03. Supervision alone had significant effect on the four or more ANC visits (p=0.04). Both financing and supervision had statistically significant effect on the four or more ANC visits (p=0.003) and immunization. Financing and fixed per capita budgetary supplement did not have a significant effect on the coverage of ANC and immunization services.
Conclusion: Both Financing and enforced supervision is necessary in order to improve the coverage of ANC and immunization services thus accelerating progress towards improving MCH.
Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein-1 Expression in Salmonella typhi Infection with Acute Recurrence State of Typhoid Fever in Endemic Areas, Indonesia
Authors: Junita Ade Rifka , Hamid Firdaus , Natzir Rosdiana , Agus Rosana , Bahar Burhanuddin , Hatta Mochammad 
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim: The molecular pathogenesis of typhoid fever is complex and the host susceptibility mechanisms such as Natural Resistance Associated Macrophages Protein-1 (NRAMP-1) are poorly understood. This study explores the expression of NRAMP-1 in the serum of Acute Recurrence State (ARS) of typhoid fever compared with typhoid fever patients and healthy persons.
Methods: Thirty of ARS of typhoid fever and 30 typhoid fever patients were collect from several Primary Health Care and Hospitals in the endemic area. Diagnosis of typhoid fever based on clinical symptoms and confirmed by blood culture. Healthy persons were collect from the Blood Transfusion Unit, Makassar, Indonesia. The expression of NRAMP-1 was determined using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: The mean of NRAMP-1 expression in 30 ARS of typhoid fever and 30 typhoid fever were found 10.941,56 pg/mL and 11.027,65 pg/mL, respectively. However, the mean of NRAMP-1 expression in healthy persons was found 21.103,91 pg/mL.
Conclusion: No different the expression of NRAMP-1 in ARS of typhoid fever compared with typhoid fever patients. However, expression of NRAMP-1 in both ARS of typhoid fever and typhoid fever showed significantly lower than healthy persons. Future study is needed to explore the other molecular factors involved to become ARS.
The hematopoietic cytokine, colony‐stimulating factor 1, is also a growth factor in the CNS: Congenital absence of CSF‐1 in mice results in abnormal microglial response and increased neuron vulnerability to injury
Authors: Berezovskaya O. , Maysinger D. , Fedoroff S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this study we used op/op mice, which are deficient in the hematopoietic cytokine, colony‐stimulating factor 1 (CSF‐1), to determine the effect of CSF‐1 on neuronal survival and microglial response in injury. In normal mice microglia express the CSF‐1 receptor and are primarily regulated by CSF‐1, produced mainly by astrocytes. The CSF‐1 deficiency in op/op mice results in a depletion in the number of monocytes and macrophages but does not affect the number of morphology of microglia. We produced an ischemic lesion in the cerebral cortex of mice by disrupting the pia‐arachnoid blood vessels in a defined area. Using Nissl stain and strocyte‐ and microglia‐specific antibodies, we determined the number of viable neurons in such injury and the intensity of glial reaction. The cellular response to injury on the operated side of op/op mice was compared to that on the non‐operated contralateral side and to the cellular response in similar lesions in CSF‐1 producing C3H/HeJ mice. We found that the systemic lack of CSF‐1 in op/op mice results in a significant increase in neuron vulnerability to ischemic injury and considerably reduced microglial response to neuron injury. Remedying the CSF‐1 deficiency, either by grafting CSF‐1 secreting astroglia into the brain or by implanting encapsulated CSF‐1 secreting fibroblast‐like cells into the peritoneum, partially restores the microglial response to neuron injury and significantly potentiates neuronal survival in cerebral cortex ischemic lesions. Astroglial reaction was approximately the same in the lesions in op/op mice, grafted annd implanted op/op mice and C3H/HeJ mice, indicating that CSF‐1 modulates microglia, but not the response of astrocytes to injury. The degree of neuronal survival was not correlated to the degree of microglial proliferation and intensity of their reaction. We report some indications that CSF‐1, in addition to modulation of microglia, may also act directly on neurons.
GROWTH CONE BEHAVIOR IN THE PRESENCE OF SOLUBLE CHONDROITIN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN (CSPG), COMPARED TO BEHAVIOR ON CSPG BOUND TO LAMININ OR FIBRONECTIN
Authors: Snow Diane M. , Brown Eric M. , Letourneau Paul C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractProteoglycans (PGs) are complex macromolecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that have a wide variety of effects on developing and regenerating neurons in vivo and in vitro. One hypothesis regarding the mechanisms of PG regulation of neuronal behavior states that the conformation of PGs may be critical, and thus that ECM‐ or cell surface‐bound PGs may operate differently than secreted (soluble) PGs. Therefore, this study examined differences between the effects of soluble chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) and substratum‐bound CSPG on neuronal growth cone behavior. Dissociated chicken dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were cultured on either laminin (LN) or fibronectin (FN), both sensory neurite outgrowth‐promoting glycoproteins. CSPG (or chondroitin sulfate alone) was either bound to FN or LN, or was added to the culture media. Subsequently, using time lapse video microscopy and image analysis, this study measured: (1) neuronal attachment, (2) neurite outgrowth, (3) rate of neurite elongation, and (4) filopodial length and lifespan. To determine the site of CSPG action, DRG neurons were grown on either: CS‐1, a FN peptide [Humphries M. J. et al. (1987) J. biol. Chem. 262, 6886–6892], or a recombinant FN protein, RFNIIICS (Maejne, submitted), both of which permit DRG attachment and outgrowth but do not have recognized CSPG binding sites, and the resulting neuronal behavior was compared to that of DRG neurons grown on intact FN.The results of these studies confirm that the effect of CSPG on DRG neurons is concentration‐, conformation‐ and substratum‐dependent. On LN, soluble CSPG had little to no effect on neurite initiation or outgrowth, while substratum‐bound CSPG inhibited neurite outgrowth. In contrast, on FN, soluble CSPG inhibited neurite outgrowth and decreased the rate of neurite elongation. Soluble CSPG did not affect the length of sensory growth cone filopodia or filopodial lifespan on either LN or FN. From the FN fragment experiments, we found that: (1) soluble CSPG reduces neurite outgrowth on FN or FN fragments, but not on LN, up to 80%, and reduces elongation rate on FN up to 50%, and (2) soluble CSPG regulates neuronal behavior by binding directly to growth cones elongating on FN.Given that substratum‐bound CSPG from a variety of sources is inhibitory to neurite outgrowth and to the rate of neurite elongation, while soluble CSPG often has different effects on growth cone behavior, the regulation of growth cone behavior by CSPGs may be dependent upon CSPG conformation. Further, CSPG may affect growth cone behavior by either binding to the substratum or by binding directly to growth cones.
A one year prevalence study of schizophrenia on Reunion Island
Authors: Jay M , Gorwood P , Feingold J , Leboyer M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryReview of geographical comparisons of the prevalence of schizophrenic disorders found a ten-fold range difference between geographical contiguous groups, with high and low prevalence pockets. We performed a 1-year prevalence study of schizophrenia in a limited area of Reunion Island in the Indian Ocean, and analysed the prevalence variability in contiguous regions of this area. We found one of the highest reported age-corrected (above 15 years) 1-year prevalence of schizophrenia (14.9 per thousand). Large discrepancies in the distribution of prevalence rates of schizophrenia were observed between the five towns analysed. Interestingly, when a higher prevalence was observed, it was highly correlated with an increase of the percentage of familial cases (r = 0.989, df = 3, P = 0.0014). Presence of founder effect often described in geographical isolates could explain the high prevalence rate and the heterogeneity between towns observed in our sample.
Social anxiety in insulin-dependent diabetic girls
Authors: Vera L , Nollet-Clémençon C , Vila G , Mouren-Siméoni MC , Robert JJ 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of social anxiety and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (n = 40 girls between 13 and 19 years of age). Mean duration of diabetes was 7 years. We supposed that this chronic illness may provoke feelings of friendlessness and sadness, social withdrawal and fear of social situations because diabetes entails a series of demands which differentiate the diabetic child from healthy children. Our population was compared with 35 healthy young girls. All were administered the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age-Children and completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, the Self-Consciousness Scale and the Imaginary Audience Scale. Diagnoses of anxiety disorders across DSM-IIIR do not show significant differences between groups. In self-report inventories, our findings do not support the hypothesis that social anxiety is a pathological symptom in diabetic subjects. However, they were more depressed than the control group. Furthermore, social functioning of the diabetic group did not differ from that of the control group. They were more concerned with their illness than with social anxiety.