bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-related risk factors associated with less favourable outcomes following hip arthroscopy
Authors: Kuroda Yuichi , Saito Masayoshi , Çınar Ece Nur , Norrish Alan , Khanduja Vikas 
Published: June 2020

Aims This paper aims to review the evidence for patient-related factors associated with less favourable outcomes following hip arthroscopy. Methods Literature reporting on preoperative patient-related risk factors and outcomes following hip arthroscopy were systematically identified from a computer-assisted literature search of Pubmed (Medline), Embase, and Cochrane Library using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and a scoping review. Results Assessment of these texts yielded 101 final articles involving 90,315 hips for qualitative analysis. The most frequently reported risk factor related to a less favourable outcome after hip arthroscopy was older age and preoperative osteoarthritis of the hip. This was followed by female sex and patients who have low preoperative clinical scores, severe hip dysplasia, altered hip morphology (excess acetabular retroversion or excess femoral anteversion or retroversion), or a large cam deformity. Patients receiving workers’ compensation or with rheumatoid arthritis were also more likely to have a less favourable outcome after hip arthroscopy. There is evidence that obesity, smoking, drinking alcohol, and a history of mental illness may be associated with marginally less favourable outcomes after hip arthroscopy. Athletes (except for ice hockey players) enjoy a more rapid recovery after hip arthroscopy than non-athletes. Finally, patients who have a favourable response to local anaesthetic are more likely to have a favourable outcome after hip arthroscopy. Conclusion Certain patient-related risk factors are associated with less favourable outcomes following hip arthroscopy. Understanding these risk factors will allow the appropriate surgical indications for hip arthroscopy to be further refined and help patients to comprehend their individual risk profile. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):822–831.
Risk factors for secondary displacement in conservatively treated proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Frank Florian A. , Niehaus Richard , Borbas Paul , Eid Karim 
Published: June 2020

Aims Conservative treatment of moderately displaced proximal humeral head fractures yields good clinical results, but secondary fragment displacement may occur. Identification of those fractures at risk of displacement may influence initial decision-making. Methods A total of 163 shoulders in 162 patients with conservatively treated isolated proximal humeral fractures were included. The fractures occurred between January 2015 and May 2018. The mean age of the patients was 69 years (26 to 100) and the mean follow-up was 144 days (42 to 779). The fractures were classified according to Neer. Scores for osteoporosis (Tingart, Deltoid Tuberosity Index (DTI)) and osteoarthritis (OA) of the glenohumeral joint were assessed. Translation of the head on follow-up radiographs of more than 10 mm was defined as displacement. Eccentric head index (EHI) describes the offset of the humeral head centre in relation to the diaphyseal axis. The ratio was estimated on anteroposterior (AP) and Neer views. Medial hinge was considered intact if the medial cortex proximal and distal to the fracture was in line on AP view. Results Secondary fracture displacement occurred in 41 patients (25.2%). Clinical risk factors were alcohol abuse (odds ratio (OR) 6.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 36; p = 0.025) and previously diagnosed osteoporosis (OR 4.6; 95% CI 0.6 to 34; p = 0.136). Age (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.0 to 1.1; p = 0.003) and sex (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.3 to 2.8; p = 0.867) were not independent factors. Radiological risk factors were OA grade 3 (OR 16.4; 95% CI 0.25 to 37.6; p = 0.107) and osteoporosis with the DTI (OR 10; 95% CI 0.8 to 250; p = 0.031) being more predictive than the Tingart score (OR 2.3; 95% CI 0.8 to 4.7; p = 0.041). A high EHI (AP/Neer > 0.4, OR 18.9; 95% CI 2.1 to 30.9/3.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 8.0; p = 0.002/p = 0.033) and a disrupted medial hinge (OR 3.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 12.6; p = 0.039) increased the risk of secondary displacement significantly. Neer classification had no influence. Conclusion During conservative treatment, a quarter of patients showed secondary fracture displacement of at least 10 mm. Patients with alcohol abuse, severe OA, and osteoporosis are at risk. Newly defined EHI and disrupted medial hinge are relevant predictors for secondary displacement. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):881–889.
Approaching quantum-limited imaging resolution without prior knowledge of the object location
Authors: Grace Michael R. , Dutton Zachary , Ashok Amit , Guha Saikat 
Published: June 2020

Passive imaging receivers that demultiplex an incoherent optical field
into a set of orthogonal spatial modes prior to detection can surpass
canonical diffraction limits on spatial resolution. However, these
mode-sorting receivers exhibit sensitivity to contextual nuisance
parameters (e.g., the centroid of a clustered or extended object),
raising questions on their viability in realistic scenarios where
prior information about the scene is limited. We propose a multistage
detection strategy that segments the total recording time between
different physical measurements to build up the required prior
information for near quantum-optimal imaging performance at
sub-Rayleigh length scales. We show, via Monte Carlo simulations, that
an adaptive two-stage scheme that dynamically allocates recording time
between a conventional direct detection measurement and a binary mode
sorter outperforms idealized direct detection alone when no prior
knowledge of the object centroid is available, achieving one to two
orders of magnitude improvement in mean squared error for simple
estimation tasks. Our scheme can be generalized for more sophisticated
tasks involving multiple parameters and/or minimal prior
information.
Learned rotationally symmetric diffractive achromat for full-spectrum computational imaging
Authors: Dun Xiong , Ikoma Hayato , Wetzstein Gordon , Wang Zhanshan , Cheng Xinbin , Peng Yifan 
Published: June 2020

Diffractive achromats (DAs) promise ultra-thin and light-weight form
factors for full-color computational imaging systems. However,
designing DAs with the optimal optical transfer function (OTF)
distribution suitable for image reconstruction algorithms has been a
difficult challenge. Emerging end-to-end optimization paradigms of
diffractive optics and processing algorithms have achieved impressive
results, but these approaches require immense computational resources
and solve non-convex inverse problems with millions of parameters.
Here, we propose a learned rotational symmetric DA design using a
concentric ring decomposition that reduces the computational
complexity and memory requirements by one order of magnitude compared
with conventional end-to-end optimization procedures, which simplifies
the optimization significantly. With this approach, we realize the
joint learning of a DA with an aperture size of 8 mm and an image
recovery neural network, i.e., Res-Unet, in an end-to-end manner
across the full visible spectrum (429–699 nm). The peak
signal-to-noise ratio of the recovered images of our learned DA is
1.3 dB higher than that of DAs designed by conventional sequential
approaches. This is because the learned DA exhibits higher amplitudes
of the OTF at high frequencies over the full spectrum. We fabricate
the learned DA using imprinting lithography. Experiments show that it
resolves both fine details and color fidelity of diverse real-world
scenes under natural illumination. The proposed design paradigm paves
the way for incorporating DAs for thinner, lighter, and more compact
full-spectrum imaging systems.
Low-temperature GaAs-based plasmonic photoconductive terahertz detector with Au nano-islands
Authors: Murakami Hironaru , Takarada Tomoya , Tonouchi Masayoshi 
Published: June 2020

We have fabricated low-temperature grown GaAs (LT-GaAs)-based plasmonic photoconductive antennas by RF sputtering of Au nanoparticles and have evaluated their terahertz detection properties. Localized surface plasmon resonance enhances the electric fields near the surface and increases the optical absorption of nanoparticles. The resonance frequency depends on the density of electrons, the effective electron mass, and the size and shape of the nanoparticles. Therefore, we tried to develop a high-sensitivity LT-GaAs photoconductive detector (PCD), which is effective over a wide range of wavelengths, by RF sputtering of Au nano-islands with a variety of aspect ratios from 1.2 to 5.1 on the dipole gap region of the PCD. As a result, we succeeded in increasing the sensitivity by 29% and 40% in the amplitude of observed terahertz pulse for 800 nm and 1560 nm femtosecond laser excitations, respectively.
Online-Plattformen und Personennahe Dienstleistungen: Eine explorative Studie über vertrauensbildende Maßnahmen
Authors: Mehrwald Pascal , Willy Marlene Sophia , Binder Kim-Kelly 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Sharing Economy und Online-Plattformen nehmen zu und verändern unser tägliches Leben. Immer mehr Produkte und Dienstleistungen sind über Peer-to-Peer-Plattformen (P2P) online buchbar. Es ist daher unerlässlich zu verstehen, wie technologiegestützte, vertrauensbildende Maßnahmen (VBM) eingesetzt werden, um Vertrauen in solchen Umgebungen aufzubauen, in denen kein direkter persönlicher Kontakt möglich ist. In dieser Studie haben wir explorativ Daten von 150 deutschen und amerikanischen Online-Plattformen erhoben und eine Liste von 53 vertrauensbildenden Maßnahmen abgeleitet, um einen detaillierten Überblick über die aktuelle Situation deutscher Plattformen im Bereich der personennahen Dienstleistungen zu erhalten. Neben der Analyse, welche Maßnahmen in diesem Bereich häufig genutzt werden und daher wichtig scheinen, berichten wir, dass auf deutschen Plattformen Maßnahmen nicht so stark genutzt werden wie beispielsweise in den USA. Wir ergänzen die Literatur über online Vertrauen und schaffen eine Forschungsbasis zu vertrauensbildenden Maßnahmen, wie Reputationssysteme oder persönliche Fotos, indem wir einen Überblick über zahlreiche Maßnahmen geben. Die Ergebnisse sollten in zukünftiger Forschung auch hinsichtlich ihrer Effektivität untersucht werden, deuten aber darauf hin, dass Anbieter aus Deutschland die Nutzung von VBM verbessern müssen, um eine Online-Umgebung zu schaffen, in der die Nutzer sich gegenseitig, sowie die Plattform selbst, als vertrauenswürdig wahrnehmen.
Adaptasi Sosial Gay Muslim Indonesia Terhadap Agama dan Keluarga The social adaptation of Gay Muslim to Religion and Family
Authors: Adihartono Wisnu 
Published: June 2020

The LGBT groups in Indonesia have little or no power and limited access to fight for their rights. Growing up in a system where one cannot be or say who they truly are, places them in a position where they are in a constant state of having to negotiate life within a hostile environment. This paper will look their (social) adaptation between their religion (Islam) and their family. They have to obey their religion, as well as they also have to obey and respect to their family in order to preserve the family’s honor. Those complexities raise a hierarchy, which is side by side with the religious teachings, culture and norms that causes a difficulty for them to come out showing as a gay. For this paper, I took the data from my doctoral research at Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), France which I completed in 2015. For the purposes of this paper, I only used ten questions that are very closely related to religious and family issues. Kelompok Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, dan Transjender (LGBT) di Indonesia memiliki akses yang sangat terbatas untuk memperjuangkan hak-hak mereka. Tumbuh dalam sistem di mana seseorang tidak dapat mengatakan siapa mereka sebenarnya, menempatkan mereka dalam posisi di mana mereka berada dalam keadaan konstan. Mereka harus melakukan adaptasi dalam lingkungan yang bermusuhan. Makalah ini akan melihat adaptasi (sosial) mereka di antara agama (Islam) dan keluarga. Mereka harus mematuhi agama mereka dan juga harus menghormati keluarga mereka untuk menjaga kehormatan keluarga. Kompleksitas itu memunculkan hierarki dalam ajaran agama, budaya, dan norma-norma yang menyebabkan mereka sulit tampil sebagai gay. Untuk makalah ini, saya mengambil data dari penelitian doktoral saya di Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Perancis yang saya selesaikan pada tahun 2015. Untuk keperluan makalah ini, saya hanya menggunakan sepuluh pertanyaan yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan agama dan masalah keluarga.
ANALISIS CURAH HUJAN BULANAN DI KOTA AMBON MENGGUNAKAN MODEL HETEROSKEDASTISITAS: SARIMA-GARCH
Authors: Sinay Lexy Janzen , Lembang Ferry Kondo , Aulele Salmon Notje , Mustamu Dominique 
Published: June 2020

Non-linear characteritics in rainfall allow volatility clustering. This condition occurs in Ambon City with seasonal rainfall patterns. The aims of this research are to find the best model and to forecast monthly rainfall in Ambon City using heteroscedasticity model. This research examines secondary data from BMKG for monthly rainfall data in Ambon City from January 2005 – December 2018. The data is divided into two parts. First part, is called in-sample data, consist of data form January 2005 – December 2017. Second part, is called out-sample data, consist data from Januari 2018 – December 2018. The research used SARIMA–GARCH to model the data. The results are the is the best model and the residual model satisfied assumptions of normality, white noise, and there is no ARCH effect. The MAPE value in simulation using in-sample data is 0.73%. On the other side, the MAPE value of forecast results is 30%.
Optically and radio frequency (RF) transparent meta-glass
Authors: Safari Mahdi , He Yuchu , Kim Minseok , Kherani Nazir P. , Eleftheriades George V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We propose a radio frequency (RF) and visibly transparent composite metasurface design comprising newly developed transparent multilayer conductive coatings. Detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of the RF/visible transparency of the proposed meta-glass is provided. The proposed nature-inspired symmetrical honeycomb-shaped meta-glass design, alters the electromagnetic properties of the glass substrate in the RF spectrum by utilizing visibly transparent Ag-based conductive coatings on each side. Furthermore, the competing effect of the Ag thickness on optical and RF transparency is discussed. We show that using multilayer dielectric-metal coatings, specifically 5-layered spectrally selective coatings, RF transparency of the meta-glass can be enhanced while preserving visible transparency. Herein we demonstrate high transparency meta-glass with 83% and 78% peak RF and optical transmission at 28 GHz and 550 nm, respectively. The meta-glass yields enhanced RF transmission by 80% and 10% when compared to low-emissivity glass and bare glass, respectively. The meta-glass design presented here is amenable to a variety of 5G applications including automobile radar systems. This work provides a superior alternative to the standard indium-tin-oxide (ITO) transparent material which is becoming scarce. Moreover, this study paves the way for the design of new visibly transparent metamaterials and artificial dielectrics.
Broadband photonic topological insulator based on triangular-holes array with higher energy filling efficiency
Authors: Zhang Zhishen , Li Feng , Lu Jiuyang , Liu Tao , Heng Xiaobo , He Yongcheng , Liang Haohua , Gan Jiulin , Yang Zhongmin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Photonic topological insulators (PTIs) bring markedly new opportunities to photonic devices with low dissipation and directional transmission of signal over a wide wavelength range due to the broadband topological protection. However, the maximum gap/mid-gap ratio of PTIs is below 10% and hardly further improved duo to the lack of new bandwidth enhancement mechanism. In this paper, a PTI with the gap/mid-gap ratio of 16.25% is proposed. The designed PTI has a honeycomb lattice structure with triangular air holes, and such a wide bandwidth is obtained by optimizing the refractive-index profile of the primitive cell for increasing the energy proportion in the geometric perturbation region. The PTI shows a large topological nontrivial gap (the gap/mid-gap ratio 33.4%) with the bandwidth approaching its theoretical limit. The edge states propagate smoothly around sharp bends within 1430–1683 nm. Due to topological protection, the bandwidth only decreases 1.38% to 1450–1683 nm under 1%-random-bias disorders. The proposed PTI has a potential application in future high-capacity and nonlinear topological photonic devices.
Pixeled metasurface for multiwavelength detection of vitamin D
Authors: Di Meo Valentina , Crescitelli Alessio , Moccia Massimo , Sandomenico Annamaria , Cusano Angela M. , Portaccio Marianna , Lepore Maria , Galdi Vincenzo , Esposito Emanuela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe steadily increasing demand for accurate analysis of vitamin D level,viameasurement of its best general marker, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), pushes for the development of novel automated assays capable of working at very low concentrations. Here, we propose a plasmonic biosensor of 25(OH)D3 (calcifediol) based on surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, which exploits the resonant coupling between plasmonic nanoantennas and vibrational excitation of small molecules. Specifically, our proposed platform features a large-area (several mm2) metasurface made of gold nanoantennas fabricated on a silicon substrate, comprising different macroregions (“pixels”) of area 500 × 500 µm2. In each pixel, the nanoantenna geometrical parameters are tuned so as to support localized surface plasmon resonances (and hence large field enhancements at the nanoscale) within different regions of the infrared spectrum. As a result, a single chip is capable of performing analysis from the region of functional groups to that of fingerprint. Two different designs are fabricatedviaelectron beam lithography, functionalized with a correlated antibody for the detection of 25(OH)D3, and characterizedviaFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Our experiments demonstrate the capability to detect a concentration as low as 86 pmol/L, and an amount of immobilized small molecules of 25(OH)D3 monohydrate (molecular weight: 418.65 g/mol) as low as 4.31 amol over an area of 100 × 100 µm2.
Plasmonic nanostructures in photodetection, energy conversion and beyond
Authors: Lin Keng-Te , Lin Han , Jia Baohua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This review article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of plasmonic nanostructures and their applications, especially on the integration of plasmonic nanostructures into devices. Over the past decades, plasmonic nanostructures and their applications have been intensively studied because of their outstanding features at the nanoscale. The fundamental characteristics of plasmonic nanostructures, in particular, the electric field enhancement, the generation of hot electrons, and thermoplasmonic effects, play essential roles in most of the practical applications. In general, these three main characteristics of plasmonic nanostructures occur concomitantly when electromagnetic waves interact with plasmonic nanostructures. However, comprehensive review investigating these three main effects of plasmonic nanostructures simultaneously remains elusive. In this article, the fundamental characteristics of plasmonic nanostructures are discussed, especially the interactions between electromagnetic waves and plasmonic nanostructures that lead to the change in near-field electric fields, the conversion of photon energy into hot electrons through plasmon decay, and the photothermal effects at the nanoscale. The applications, challenges faced in these three areas and the future trends are also discussed. This article will provide guidance towards integration of plasmonic nanostructures for functional devices for both academic researchers and engineers in the fields of silicon photonics, photodetection, sensing, and energy harvesting.
Phase-controlled metasurface design via optimized genetic algorithm
Authors: Fan Yulong , Xu Yunkun , Qiu Meng , Jin Wei , Zhang Lei , Lam Edmund Y. , Tsai Din Ping , Lei Dangyuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In an optical Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase metasurface, each sub-wavelength dielectric structure of varied spatial orientation can be treated as a point source with the same amplitude yet varied relative phase. In this work, we introduce an optimized genetic algorithm (GA) method for the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) PB phase-controlled dielectric metasurfaces by seeking for optimized phase profile solutions, which differs from previously reported amplitude-controlled GA method only applicable to generate transverse optical modes with plasmonic metasurfaces. The GA–optimized phase profiles can be readily used to construct dielectric metasurfaces with improved functionalities. The loop of phase-controlled GA consists of initialization, random mutation, screened evolution, and duplication. Here random mutation is realized by changing the phase of each unit cell, and this process should be efficient to obtain enough mutations to drive the whole GA process under supervision of appropriate mutation boundary. A well-chosen fitness function ensures the right direction of screened evolution, and the duplication process guarantees an equilibrated number of generated light patterns. Importantly, we optimize the GA loop by introducing a multi-step hierarchical mutation process to break local optimum limits. We demonstrate the validity of our optimized GA method by generating longitudinal optical modes (i. e., non-diffractive light sheets) with 1D PB phase dielectric metasurfaces having non-analytical counter-intuitive phase profiles. The produced large-area, long-distance light sheets could be used for realizing high-speed, low-noise light-sheet microscopy. Additionally, a simplified 3D light pattern generated by a 2D PB phase metasurface further reveals the potential of our optimized GA method for manipulating truly 3D light fields.
Boolean learning under noise-perturbations in hardware neural networks
Authors: Andreoli Louis , Porte Xavier , Chrétien Stéphane , Jacquot Maxime , Larger Laurent , Brunner Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA high efficiency hardware integration of neural networks benefits from realizing nonlinearity, network connectivity and learning fully in a physical substrate. Multiple systems have recently implemented some or all of these operations, yet the focus was placed on addressing technological challenges. Fundamental questions regarding learning in hardware neural networks remain largely unexplored. Noise in particular is unavoidable in such architectures, and here we experimentally and theoretically investigate its interaction with a learning algorithm using an opto-electronic recurrent neural network. We find that noise strongly modifies the system’s path during convergence, and surprisingly fully decorrelates the final readout weight matrices. This highlights the importance of understanding architecture, noise and learning algorithm as interacting players, and therefore identifies the need for mathematical tools for noisy, analogue system optimization.