bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Novel Pyridine Bearing Biologically Active Imidiazolyl, Pyrazolyl, Oxa/thiadiazolyl and Urea Derivatives as Promising Anticancer Agents
Authors: Hafez Hend N. , El-Gazzar Abdel-Rahman B.A. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
A novel series of pyridine containing 1,3,4-oxa/thiadiazol derivatives 4a,b, pyrazole
derivatives 5-7, thiazole derivatives 9a,b and 17a-c, urea derivatives 12a-c, imidiazole derivative 16,
imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives 18a, b, tetrazole 19, pyrane 20 and pyridine derivatives 21 has been
synthesized.

Objective:
This research aims to synthesize 6-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] amino
nicotinohydrazide 2 and 6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino pyridin-3-carboaldhyde 15
as key intermediate for the synthesis of novel pyridine derivatives bearing different heterocyclic rings in order
to study the additive effect of this ring toward tumor cell lines.

Methods:
6-(Trifluoromethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino nicotinohydrazide 2 was synthesized in a
series of synthetic steps and was used as key intermediate for the synthesis of compounds 3-(1,3,4-
oxa/thiadiazol-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(3- trifluoromethyl) phenyl) pyridin-2-amine 4a,b, (3,5-dimethyl-
1H-pyrazol-1-yl derivatives) [6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-[3- trifluoromethyl) phenyl] amino pyridin-3-
yl]methanone 5a,b, 6-8, 9a,b and 12a-c. Also, 6-(trifluoromethyl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino
pyridin-3-carboaldhyde (15) was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of novel series of pyridine
derivatives with different heterocyclic ring (16-21).

Results:
Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis and spectral
data. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against liver cancer
(HepG2), human colon cancer (HT-29) and human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MCF-7).

Conclusion:
All the synthesized compounds were investigated for their in vitro antitumor activity. Compounds
4b, 9a,b and 19 showed higher antitumor activity than the doxorubicin. Interestingly, pyridine with pfluorophenyl
urea 12a demonstrated the most potent antitumor activity. The activity of these compounds is
strongly dependent on the basic skeleton of the molecules and the nature of the heterocyclic ring attached to the
pyridine moiety.
Antioxidant Potency of Red Dragon Fruit Flesh and Peel Prepared by Different Methods
Authors: Febrianti Novi , Purbosari Purwanti P. , Hertiani Triana , Moeljopawiro Sukarti , Haryana Sofia M. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus, (F.A.C. Weber) Britton & Rose) is
widely consumed all over the world nowadays. The peel and flesh of red dragon fruit contain many
bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. The preparation process is critical to maximizing
the yield of the antioxidant content.

Objective:
The objectives of this research were to evaluate total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid
content (TFC), as well as the antioxidant activity of peel and flesh of red dragon fruit prepared
by various methods.

Methods:
The fresh and dried samples of peel and flesh of red dragon fruit were prepared via maceration
and non-maceration process. Ethanol (96%) was used as the solvent in maceration. In the nonmaceration
process, the samples were ground using a blender and pressed using a juicer. TPC was
analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteau methods, while TFC was determined by spectrophotometry UV-Vis
with AlCl3. Antioxidant activity was analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and
β-carotene bleaching (BCB) tests.

Results:
TPC from all of the measured samples varied from 22.43 ± 0.27 to 80.54 ± 0.43 mg GAE/g
dry extract. The highest TPC concentration was found in the blended peel via maceration and the
lowest concentration was found in the blended flesh without maceration. The dried peel via maceration
treatment had the highest TFC (51.96 ± 0.084 mg of QE/g dry extract). Regarding to the
antioxidant activity, the blended flesh ethanolic extract and blended peel ethanolic extract had the
highest DPPH radical scavenging, IC50=966.83 ± 11.62 and 973.81 ± 3.571ppm, respectively. While
the blended peel ethanolic extract had the highest BCB antioxidant activity (IC50= 45.48 ± 6,79
mg/mL).

Conclusion:
Preparation methods affect the antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit peel and flesh.
The highest TPC and antioxidant activity (BCB test) can be found in the ethanolic extract of the
blended peel. The highest TFC can be found in the ethanolic extract of dried-peel. Both the ethanolic
extracts, blended peel and blended flesh, had the same DPPH radical scavenging activity.
Drug Therapies for Patients with IgA Nephropathy: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Sridharan Kannan , Sivaramakrishnan Gowri 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Several drugs are used for treating IgA nephropathy (IgAN). We carried
out a network meta-analysis evaluating these drugs.

Methods:
Electronic databases were searched for appropriate randomized clinical trials carried out
in patients with IgAN. The primary outcome was proteinuria remission rates and there were several
other secondary outcome measures. The risk of bias was assessed. Mixed treatment comparison
estimates were modelled from direct and indirect comparison estimates. Grading of the evidence for
key comparisons was carried out.

Results:
Fifty-seven clinical trials were included in the systematic review and 51 in the metaanalysis.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, corticosteroids/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), ARB,
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), ARB/ACEI, corticosteroids/ACEI and hypolipidemics/
ARB were observed with significantly higher rates of proteinuria remission than the standard
of care. Several benefits were observed with other drugs on the secondary outcome measures.
A very low grade was observed for the interventions.

Conclusion:
We observed a few interventions to perform better in the management of IgAN. The
results of this study will aid in further evaluation of such drugs that may assist in saving the resources
and time. However, the readers should interpret the findings with great caution as the results
might change with the advent of future head-to-head clinical trials.
A Derived Mechanism of Nervous System Functions Explains Aging-Related Neurodegeneration as a Gradual Loss of an Evolutionary Adaptation
Authors: Vadakkan Kunjumon I. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Solving the nervous system requires understanding how it generates inner
sensations of "mind" within it. It was possible to derive a hypothesis of brain functions where the
formation of a spectrum inter-postsynaptic (inter-spine) functional LINKs (IPLs) are the key structural
changes responsible for encoding at the time of learning and are used for inducing the inner
sensation of memory, both taking place at millisecond timescales. Since stages of ontogeny reflect
possible stages of evolution, it is possible to examine whether IPLs have features of an evolved
mechanism.

Objective:
To examine whether 1) IPLs have features of an evolved mechanism, 2) significant neuronal
death during ontogeny leads to evolutionary adaptations for preventing cell death among the
surviving neurons, and 3) loss of these adaptations lead to cellular changes that can cause agingrelated
neurodegeneration.

Methods:
Key milestone changes of the ontogeny of the nervous system were examined to test
whether they match with a feasible sequence of steps that lead to the formation of IPLs.

Results:
Several developmental stages can explain a probable sequence of events that lead to IPL
formation among synaptically-connected neurons. When internal sensations generated by the IPLs
started providing survival advantage, evolution has started preserving the IPL circuitry. A stage of
inter-spine fusion possibly leads to a) significant neuronal death during the early stages of development,
and b) trigger an adaptation in the surviving cells to stabilize and prevent the IPLs from
undergoing fusion. Since there are no irreversible steps for maintaining the stability of IPLs, agingrelated
factors may destroy the adaptation mechanism and destabilize the IPLs predisposing them
to cause neurodegeneration.

Conclusion:
The derived testable IPL mechanism that can explain nervous system functions is capable
to have evolved. An adaptation to prevent IPL hemifusion from progressing to fusion is
likely the last stage of nervous system evolution. Since the IPL mechanism is utilized during every
event of learning, any aging-related factors that can weaken this adaptation can cause IPL fusion
and lead to neurodegeneration.
Smart Door Locks Based on Internet of Things Concept with mobile Backend as a Service
Authors: Mahali Muhammad Izzuddin 
Published: December 2019

Smart Door Locks System Based on Internet of Things Concept with Mobile Backend as s Service is the smart door locks development are supported by cloud computing technology as data storage. Methods of development that exist in this system is to combine technology (1) ESP8266 (2) Firebase and (3) Android Apps. Firebase is one of cloud-based services that are used to store data online. ESP8266 able to communicate with firebase well to process the read and write data directly using internet communication channels. Android application used to direct communication to the firebase for monitoring and controlling simultaneously to the system. Android app can control / monitoring Indirectly to ESP8266 module via Firebase that serves as a mobile Backend as a Service to apply the rules of the Internet of Things
Discrete-time Holling type II models with Allee and refuge effects
Authors: Ufuktepe Unal , Kulahcioglu Burcin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The discrete-time Holling type II prey-predator models with the refuge and Allee effects are formulated and studied. The existence of fixed points and their stabilities are investigated for both hyperbolic and non-hyperbolic cases. Numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the theoretical results.
The influence of landscape structure on the quality index of surface waters
Authors: Fedoniuk Tetyana P. , Fedoniuk Roman H. , Romanchuk Ludmila D. , Petruk Anatolyy A. , Pazych Viktor M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe article focuses on the problem of structure degradation and ecosystem functioning – the urgency that identifies the relevance of operations at a strategic level aimed at providing the integrated assessment of ecological stability of water. Determination of water quality indicators were divided into blocks according to the criteria of salt composition, according to chemical saprobological indicators and the content of specific substances of toxic and radiation action. According to the results of block analysis, the integrated ecological index of water quality was determined by the dependence of water quality on the indicators of ecological stabilization of the landscape and the structure of biotechnical elements. The article determines the relationships between worsening quality of surface waters and stabilization or destabilization of the landscape structure. The research was conducted on medium and large streamflows on the Right Bank of Polesie region of the Dnieper-River cascade within which the tracts of land were identified and the landscape ecological stability (CESL1) and landscape biotechnical elements coefficients (CESL2) were determined. The retrospective analysis was performed of the surface water features on the Right Bank of Polesie region of the Dnieper-River cascade and the main trends in salt block indicators, trophic and saprobiological block indicators, and in the content of toxic and radioactive substances at observation sites were estimated. Based on obtained data, the integrated assessment in trends of surface water quality on the Right Bank of Polesie region of the Dnieper-River cascade was made and the main parameters and scale of stabilization and destabilization of landscape impact on the water quality formation were defined.
Drought sensitivity characteristics and relationships between drought indices over Upper Blue Nile basin
Authors: Kebede Abebe , Raju Jaya Prakash , Korecha Diriba , Takele Samuel , Nigussie Melessew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDrought is an extreme event that causes great economic and environmental damage. The main objective of this study is to evaluate sensitivity, characterization and propagation of drought in the Upper Blue Nile. Drought indices: standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the recently developed standardized reconnaissance drought index (RDIst) are applied for five weather stations from 1980 to 2015 to evaluate RDIst applicability in the Upper Blue Nile. From our analysis both SPI and RDIst applied for 3-, 6-, 12 month of time scales follow the same trend, but in some time steps the RDIst varies with smaller amplitude than SPI. The severity and longer duration of drought compared with others periods of meteorological drought is found in the years 1984, 2002, 2009, 2015 including five weather stations and entire Upper Blue Nile. For drought relationships the correlation analysis is made across the time scales to evaluate the relationship between meteorological drought (SPI), soil moisture drought (SMI), and hydrological drought (SRI). We found that the correlation between three indices (SPI, SMI and SRI) at different time scales the 24-month time scale is dominant and are given by 0.82, 0.63 and 0.56.
Limiting horizontal water filtration using drainage-screened modules
Authors: Klimov Serhii , Pinchuk Oleg , Kunytskiy Serhii , Klimova Anastasiia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the context of climate change, it is important to minimize the changes that are introduced in the territory adjacent to the object of human economic activity. In some cases, this can be done with the help of drainage-screened modules – an anti-filtration screen that redistributes the zone of influence of the drain placed near it. As a result, the drain regulates to a greater extent the zone of human economic activity (drainage system, tailing dump, populated area, etc.) and to a lesser extent lowers the level of groundwater in the adjacent territory. The use of drainage-screened modules in tailing farms, for the organized storage of mineral waste of enterprises makes it possible to increase the filtration stability of dike, ensuring the uniform operation of the tailing dams, as well as reliable removal of intercepted groundwater. This is achieved because in the tailing farm the dikes are intensified by drainage-screened modules. Water, filtered through the body of the dike and under it, is intercepted by a drain. A part of the filtration flow, which is not intercepted by the drain, is stopped by the anti-filtration screen.
Physico-chemical treatment of waste water contaminated with heavy metals in the industry of metallic coatings
Authors: Valencia Jacipt A.R. , González Jordi P. , Jimenez-Pitre Iris , Molina-Bolívar Geomar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis investigation was undertaken to determine the optimum conditions for physical-chemical treatment of waste water contaminated with heavy metals in the industry of metallic coatings. The industry uses substances such as: inorganic acids, alkalis, acidic and alkaline metal salts, that has a high water demand in the processes of flushing and cleaning the parts to be coated. According to the preliminary characterization of samples and reported in the literature theory, physico-chemical process was implemented for the removal of contaminants that consisted in chemical oxidation of CN-ions, followed by chemical precipitation made next to a coagulation/flocculation and subsequent adsorption on activated coal. Laboratory scale tests showed the optimal conditions of treatment including chemical oxidation by the addition of 4.15 cm3 of H2O2 (30%) per gram of CN, chemical precipitation with NaOH to a pH of 12, followed by coagulation/flocculation with Fe2(SO4)3 at a speed of 135 rpm for 3 min and 20 rpm for 20 min and finally the addition of 1.0 g of adsorbent previously activated at 700°C. From this study, it is clear that the adsorption on activated carbon is highly efficient in the removal of heavy metals from industrial waste water from electroplating. However, it is also clear that the parallel application of the treatments, shown here, is more effective to completely remove contaminants such as lead, nickel, silver, and copper at laboratory scale, so it is recommended the simultaneous use of these physico-chemical processes.
Policy on the Implementation of the Law on Execution of Criminal Judgments - Some the Oretical Issues
Authors: Chi Nguyen Ngoc 
Published: December 2019

Policy on the law on execution of criminal judgments is an area of criminal policy that has a tremendous role in preventing and fighting crimes as well as in actualizing the criminal liability of legal entities and natural persons committing crimes. Studying the policy on the law on execution of criminal judgments, therefore, is an urgent requirement in the current period of national development, international integration and judicial reform. Nevertheless, comparing to studies in the criminal field, in criminal procedure and crime prevention fields, policy studies on the law on execution of criminal judgments stay rather modest and have not yet met theoretical and practical requirements. To contribute to remedy this situation, this paper will focus on clarifying certain theoretical issues on the policy on the law on execution of criminal judgments so as to somewhat answer the questions below: (i) What’s the current progress of research on the policy on the law on execution of criminal judgments in Vietnam? On what the level? And what are the issues that need to be addressed to continue study? (ii) Definition, nature and characteristics of the policy on the law on execution of criminal judgments? (iii) Policy on the law on execution of criminal needs to be developed on which basis? Subjects and methods for developing the policy on the law on execution of criminal judgments? (iv) Policy on the law on execution of criminal judgments needs to englobe which issues? (v) What’s the relation between the policy on the law on execution of criminal judgments and the development and implementation of the law on execution of criminal judgments?
To study these issues, the author use methods of analysis, comparison and synthesis under the foundation of the dialectical method and the human rights-based approach to put research issues in connection with growth and development on the basis of respecting, guaranteeing, protecting human rights in the field of execution of criminal judgments
Symmetries in Hidden Bifurcation Routes to Multiscroll Chaotic Attractors Generated by Saturated Function Series
Authors: Zaamoune Faiza , Menacer Tidjani , Lozi René , Chen Guanrong 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, hidden bifurcation routes to multiscroll chaotic attractors generated by saturated function series are explored. The method to nd such hidden bifurcation routes (HBR) depending upon two parameters is similar to the method introduced by Menacer, et al. (2016) for Chua multiscroll attractors. These HBR are characterized by the maximal range extension (MARE) of their attractors and coding the appearance order of the scrolls under the control of the two parameters. Moreover, these HDR have interesting symmetries with respect to the two parameters. The novelty that this article introduces, is firstly the paradigm of MARE and the formula giving their approximate value depending upon parameters p and q, which is linked to the size of the scrolls; secondly the coding of the HBR which is dened for the first time including the basic cell; and thirdly unearthing the symmetries of these routes, allowing to obtain their coding without any numerical computation.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of Optim, Nleqslv and MaxLik to Estimate Parameters in Some of Regression Models
Authors: Truong Buu-Chau , Nguyen Van-Buol , Truong Hoang-Vinh , Ho Thi Diem-Chinh 
Published: December 2019

Our main goal in this article is to present the approaches and examples of three functions in R consist of optim, nleqslv and maxLik function to detect the optimization solution of the estimating function in the regression models. We then compare the results with numerous sample sizes (n=150, 300 and 500), the execution time of R code, as well as Normal Q - Q plots of three approaches through some of regression models such as the zero-inflated Binomial (ZIB) regression model, logistic regression model, the zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression model and the zero-inflated Bernoulli (ZIBer) regression model. Finally, we discuss potential research directions in the coming times. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Deporte e Inclusión social en personas con Trastorno Mental Grave (TMG)
Authors: Galán Casado Diego , Castillo Algarra Jaquina , García Tardón Bruno 
Published: December 2019

Las personas con Trastorno Mental Grave (TMG) pueden presentar estilos de vida poco saludables (Huizing et al., 2011), lo que redunda negativamente en su salud física y en la propia enfermedad. Conociendo que el ejercicio físico regular mejora tanto la salud física como el estado emocional y el bienestar personal (Mullor et al., 2017), nos planteamos investigar las consecuencias de un programa deportivo en personas con TMG. Para ello seleccionamos una liga denominada Ligasame, dirigida a personas con TMG integradas en diferentes recursos de rehabilitación psicosocial de la Red de Atención a Personas con Enfermedad Mental de la Comunidad de Madrid y Asociaciones de Familiares, por ser una experiencia consolidada el tiempo que integra a 15 equipos de fútbol. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer las consecuencias de este programa de fútbol en las personas con TMG que participan en el mismo, a través de la percepción de 26 profesionales de Ligasame que trabajan para las asociaciones o recursos integrados en la misma. En esta investigación, con un diseño cualitativo emergente (Hernández, Fernández y Baptista, 2006), se analizaron 26 cuestionarios de respuestas abiertas, diseñado ad-hocpara el estudio, destinado a estos profesionales. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que un programa deportivo para personas con TMG mejora su condición física, favorece sus relaciones sociales, mejora su autoestima, reduce sus niveles de estrés y ansiedad y potencia aspectos transversales como la utilización de las nuevas tecnologías o la igualdad de género. Asimismo, ayuda a reducir el estigma que sufren estas personas, tanto socialmente como a nivel personal y familiar.