bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premedication for the prevention of nonhemolytic transfusion reactions: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ning Shuoyan , Solh Ziad , Arnold Donald M. , Morin Pierre‐Aurèle 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDThe efficacy of premedication for the prevention of nonhemolytic transfusion reactions remains controversial. This systematic review and meta‐analysis assessed the effect of premedication on the rate of nonhemolytic transfusion reactions after allogeneic blood transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe searched the literature using CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov databases from inception until October 31, 2018. We included all randomized controlled trials comparing premedication to placebo or no treatment in patients receiving any labile blood product. Outcome measures were reported as relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Data were combined for similar outcomes where appropriate using a random‐effects model. Analyses were done at both the patient and transfusion level.RESULTSThree randomized trials using acetaminophen and antihistamine as premedication met the inclusion criteria. A total of 517 patients received 4444 red blood cell or platelet transfusions. Pooled patient‐level estimates with premedication for all nonhemolytic, febrile nonhemolytic, and minor allergic reactions were RR, 0.92 (95% CI, 0.63–1.35); RR, 0.54 (95% CI, 0.26–1.1); and RR, 1.37 (95% CI 0.81–2.31), respectively. Transfusion‐level analyses also showed no benefit with premedication. Of 517 patients randomized, only 27 (5.2%) had a history of transfusion reactions.CONCLUSIONRoutine premedication with acetaminophen and antihistamines did not prevent nonhemolytic transfusion reactions; however, the estimate of effect was greatest for febrile reactions. The impact of premedication in patients with a prior history of transfusion reactions remains unknown and requires further evaluation in future clinical trials.
Ex vivo evaluation of an alternative technique for resection of the proximal manica flexoria in horses
Authors: Noguera Cender Andrea , Mählman Kathrin , Lischer Christoph J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and evaluate an alternative technique for tenoscopic resection of the manica flexoria (MF).Study designDescriptive study.Sample populationEquine cadaver forelimbs and hind limbs (n = 36).MethodsThree surgeons varying in experience resected the MF in 12 limbs. The procedure was divided into six steps, including resection of the lateral/medial borders of the MF with a hook knife and resection of the proximal border with a micro scalpel. Outcomes compared between surgeons included completeness of resection, appearance of the margins of resection, appearance of the resected MF, collateral damage, and time required for resection.ResultsThe MF was successfully resected in all specimens, with a median time of 14 minutes 54 seconds (range, 6 minutes 42 seconds to 43 minutes 33 seconds). Nineteen of 36 MF were categorized as symmetric, 11 of 36 MF were categorized as mildly asymmetrical, and six of 36 MF had unequal borders. No differences were detected between surgeons regarding the appearance of the MF and number of iatrogenic lesions. Five lesions were considered potentially clinically relevant; three were caused by the arthroscope in the scutum (1) and the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT; 2), and two consisted of DDFT damage caused by the microscalpel.ConclusionThe MF was successfully and symmetrically resected with minimal damage to adjacent structures by surgeons with varying levels of experience.Clinical significanceThe results of this study provide evidence to justify further evaluation of the technique described here in live horses with rupture of the MF.
The analgesic hybrid of dermorphin/substance P and analog of enkephalin improve wound healing in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Muchowska Adriana , Redkiewicz Patrycja , Różycki Krzysztof , Matalińska Joanna , Lipiński Piotr F.J. , Czuwara Joanna , Kosson Piotr 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the peptide analgesic hybrid compounds: AWL3106 analog of dermorphin and substance P (7‐11), and biphalin enkephalin analog on wound healing in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. The diabetes was induced in 6–7 week‐old male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After 70 days, the wounds were created on the back of the rats and then, once a day for 21 days, the dressing containing lanolin ointment, 10% of keratin scaffolds, and 1 mM of AWL3106 or biphalin was applied. The wounds histology were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The orientation and organization of collagen was analyzed by Masson's trichome staining. The number of macrophages, blood vessels, and fibroblasts were visualized by CD68, CD34, and vimentin immunoreactivity, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the wound area of AWL3106‐ and biphalin‐treated groups was greatly reduced (up to 47% on the 7 day) in comparison with untreated diabetic groups. The immunohistochemical staining of macrophages demonstrated that AWL3106 and biphalin accelerated inflammatory progression and subsequently decreased persistent inflammation. The histological analysis showed that the structure of tissue in the groups under the study was very similar to the one of wound tissue in N‐DM group. The H&E and Masson's trichome staining demonstrated that the orientation and organization of collagen as well as the number and shape of blood vessels were better in 3106‐ and BIF‐treated group than in DM group. In conclusion, the obtained data suggested that our hybrid peptides enhanced wound healing, particularly by accelerating the inflammatory phase and promoted the wound closure.
Contribution of Human Reliability in Power Probabilistic Safety Assessment Models Versus Shutdown Models
Authors: Čepin Marko 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human reliability analysis is a method, which evaluates the human error probabilities of human failure events, which may arise when human actions are required in operation of the considered facility or system. The objective of the work is to show the contribution of human failure events in probabilistic safety assessment with focus on comparison of this contribution over the different plant operating states. The method integrates the diagnosis and action part, which are evaluated for all steps, which are needed for modeling of the human action under investigation considering the parameters, which impact the human failure probability and which are obtained from database. The results show that the risk contribution of human failure events is notably higher in low power and shutdown states than in full power operation. The results show that the human factor in shutdown plant states is the most important risk contributor regarding the contribution to the core damage frequency and regarding the risk reduction worth and risk achievement worth. Only at some plant operating states, some other groups of equipment show larger risk achievement worth than group of human failure events.
Impact of Advancing Technology on Nuclear Facility Operation
Authors: Corrado Jonathan K. , Sega Ronald M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many unfortunate and unintended adverse industrial incidents occur across the U.S. each year, and the nuclear industry is no exception. Depending on the severity, these incidents can be problematic for people, the facilities, and surrounding environments. These incidents occur for a number of varying reasons, but more often than not, human error is an accomplice. This article explores whether the complexity and changing technologies, which affect the way operators interact within the systems of the nuclear facilities, exacerbate the severity of incidents caused by human error. A review of nuclear incidents in the U.S. from 1955 to 2010 reaching level three or higher on the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) scale was conducted. The cost of each incident at facilities that had recently undergone technological changes affecting plant operator's jobs was compared to those facilities which had not undergone changes. A t-test was applied and determined a statistically significant difference between the two groups. This affirmed that technological advances at nuclear facilities that affect how operators interact within the plant system increase the severity of resulting incidents. Next, a follow-on study was conducted to determine the impact from the incorporation of new technologies into nuclear facilities. The data indicated that spending more money on upgrades increased the capacity of the facility as well as the number of incidents reported, but the incident severity was minor.
Dealing With Stakeholders After Early Failures in a Gas Pipeline in Pristine Jungle
Authors: Otegui José Luis 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The development of gas fields in the Peruvian Amazon jungle required the construction of new pipelines in unexplored tropical forest areas, which faced unexpected logistic and operative difficulties, including several leaks and ruptures. This article briefly describes those early failures and how collaboration among people with notable different interests, work cultures, and idiosyncrasies could eventually handle the pressure by regulatory agencies, shareholders, media, environmental NGOs, and political parties. All failures in the forest were due to soil movements, related to a poor understanding of topological and geotechnical characteristics of the hilly forest, and how water flow influenced soil stability. The reasons for public outrage after the failures are discussed, including politically fueled nationalistic sentiments, transnationally driven natural resource exploitation and indigenous power struggles. The oil and gas development was itself the main reason for most trouble; but leaks and failures severely weakened the position of the operator, who then implemented some methods to regain public consensus.
Strain Gage Ramifications on Mistuning in As-Manufactured Models and Experimental Testing
Authors: Gillaugh Daniel L. , Kaszynski Alexander A. , Brown Jeffrey M. , Beck Joseph A. , Slater Joseph C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Blade-mounted strain gages are vital during rig and engine development to ensure safe engine operation. However, they also enable a change in dynamics of integrally bladed rotors (IBRs). State-of-the-art IBR dynamic response predictions are accomplished using as-manufactured models (AMMs) generated via optical topography measurements and mesh morphing. Two AMM finite element models (FEMs) are created of a 20-bladed IBR. One FEM has no strain gages present, where the second FEM includes strain gages on six blades. Traditionally, strain gages and lead wires are treated as the same material property as the IBR itself. It will be shown that the inclusion of strain gages in AMM's using this method changes the IBR's predicted mistuning. An alternative AMM approach is developed that changes the material properties of the finite elements attributed to the strain gages. The predicted mistuning for each AMM is accomplished using the fundamental mistuning model identification (FMM ID), where the predicted mistuning will be compared to both traveling wave excitation (TWE) experiments and a rotating, single stage compressor rig. Findings show mistuning predictions of the nonstrain gaged AMM compare far better to the experiments compared to the inclusion of the strain gages in the AMM. Additionally, altering material properties of the strain gages in the AMM improve mistuning prediction compared to treating the strain gages as the parent IBR material. Therefore, AMM should be acquired using clean, nonstrain gaged rotors or the material properties of strain gaged elements need to be altered to more accurately model the component.
Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Flexibility: A Dynamic Model for Compressor Intake Conditioning Through a Heat-Pump
Authors: Rossi Iacopo , Piantelli Luca , Traverso Alberto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The flexibility of power plants is a critical feature in energy production environments nowadays, due to the high share of nondispatchable renewables. This fact dramatically increases the number of daily startups and load variations of power plants, pushing the current technologies to operate out of their optimal range. Furthermore, ambient conditions significantly influence the actual plant performance, creating deviations against the energy sold during the day-ahead and reducing the profit margins for the operators. A solution to reduce the impact of unpredicted ambient conditions, and to increase the flexibility margins of existing combined cycles, is represented by the possibility of dynamically controlling the temperature at compressor intake. At present, cooling down the compressor intake is a common practice to govern combined cycle performance in hot regions such as the Middle East and Africa, while heating up the compressor intake is commonly adopted to reduce the minimum environmental load (MEL). However, such applications involve relatively slow regulation of air intake, mainly coping with extreme operating conditions. The use of continuously varying, at a relatively quick pace, the air temperature at compressor intake, to mitigate ambient condition fluctuations and to cope with electrical market requirements, involves proper modeling of the combined cycle dynamic behavior, including the short-term and long-term impacts of intake air temperature variations. This work presents a dynamic modeling framework for the whole combined cycle applied to one of IREN Energia's Combined Cycle Units. The paper encloses the model validation against field data of the target power plant. The validated model is then used to show the potential in flexibility augmentation of properly adjusting the compressor intake temperature during operation.
Criterion Validity of the Sedentary Behavior Question From the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire in Older Adults
Authors: de la Cámara Miguel A. , Higueras-Fresnillo Sara , Cabanas-Sánchez Verónica , Sadarangani Kabir P. , Martinez-Gomez David , Veiga Óscar L. 
Published: October 2019

Background: To assess the validity of the single question to determine sedentary behavior (SB) by using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) in older adults. Methods: The sample included 163 participants (96 women) aged 65–92 years. Self-reported SB was obtained from the GPAQ. Objectively measured SB was assessed using the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity. Participants wore the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity continuously during 2 consecutive days while following their daily routine. The relative validity was assessed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ), and the agreement was examined using mean bias and 95% limit of agreement with the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity as reference. Results: The results showed small correlations (ρ = .291, P < .001) between the SB from the GPAQ and the objective measures, and ranged from ρ = .217 to ρ = .491 depending on the potential moderator. Similarly, the GPAQ underestimates the SB for approximately 2 hours per day in older adults (limit of agreement = −7.3 to 3.4 h/d). Conclusion: The GPAQ may not be the most suitable questionnaire for measuring SB in this population and should be used with caution because those studies that use this questionnaire in older adults may have an inaccurate measurement of SB levels.
Exercise alone and exercise combined with education both prevent episodes of low back pain and related absenteeism: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at preventing back pain
Authors: Huang Rongzhong , Ning Jie , Chuter Vivienne H , Taylor Jeffrey Bruce , Christophe Demoulin , Meng Zengdong , Xu Yu , Jiang Lihong 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate which prevention strategies for low back pain (LBP) are most effective.DesignWe completed a Bayesian network meta-analysis to summarise the comparative effectiveness of LBP prevention strategies. The primary outcomes were an episode of LBP and LBP-associated work absenteeism represented as ORs with associated 95% credibility intervals (CrIs). We ranked all prevention strategies with surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched along with manual searches of retrieved articles. We only included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that reported an episode of LBP and/or LBP-associated work absenteeism evaluating LBP prevention strategies were included.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesData were independently extracted by two investigators, and RCT quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.Results and summaryForty RCTs were included. Exercise combined with education (OR: 0.59, CrI: 0.41 to 0.82) and exercise alone (OR: 0.59, CrI: 0.36 to 0.92) both prevented LBP episodes; exercise combined with education and education alone both had large areas under the curve (SUCRA: 81.3 and 79.4, respectively). Additionally, exercise (OR: 0.04, CrI: 0.00 to 0.34) prevented LBP-associated work absenteeism, with exercise and the combination of exercise and education ranking highest (SUCRA: 99.0 and 60.2, respectively).ConclusionsExercise alone and exercise combined with education can prevent episodes of LBP and LBP-related absenteeism.Trial registration numberPROSPERO 42017056884.
Competing mortality risks analysis of prediagnostic lifestyle and dietary factors in colorectal cancer survival: the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study
Authors: Oyeyemi Sunday Oluwafemi , Braaten Tonje , Skeie Guri , Borch Kristin Benjaminsen 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundIt remains unclear whether or which prediagnostic lifestyle and dietary factors influence colorectal cancer (CRC) survival following diagnosis. This study used competing mortality risks analysis to evaluate the association between these factors and CRC survival.MethodsA total of 96 889 cancer-free participants of the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study completed the study’s baseline questionnaire on lifestyle and dietary factors between 1996 and 2004. Of the 1861 women who subsequently developed CRC, 550 had CRC as the cause of death, while 110 had a non-CRC cause of death. We used multiple imputation to handle missing data. We performed multivariable competing mortality risks analyses to determine the associations between prediagnostic lifestyle and dietary factors and CRC survival. Cause-specific HRs were estimated by Cox regression and subdistribution HRs were estimated by the Fine-Gray regression with corresponding 95% CIs.ResultsFollowing multivariable adjustment, a prediagnostic vitamin D intake of >10 μg/day compared with ≤10 μg/day was associated with better CRC survival (HR=0.75, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92). Other prediagnostic lifestyle and dietary factors showed no association with CRC survival. The corresponding results obtained from cause-specific Cox and Fine-Gray regressions were similar.ConclusionOur study shows that prediagnostic vitamin D intake could improve CRC survival.
Prognostic models for adverse pregnancy outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Heestermans Tessa , Payne Beth , Kayode Gbenga Ayodele , Amoakoh-Coleman Mary , Schuit Ewoud , Rijken Marcus J , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Bloemenkamp Kitty , Grobbee Diederick E , Browne Joyce L 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionNinety-nine per cent of all maternal and neonatal deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC). Prognostic models can provide standardised risk assessment to guide clinical management and can be vital to reduce and prevent maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. This review provides a comprehensive summary of prognostic models for adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes developed and/or validated in LMIC.MethodsA systematic search in four databases (PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Global Health Library and The Cochrane Library) was conducted from inception (1970) up to 2 May 2018. Risk of bias was assessed with the PROBAST tool and narratively summarised.Results1741 articles were screened and 21 prognostic models identified. Seventeen models focused on maternal outcomes and four on perinatal outcomes, of which hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (n=9) and perinatal death including stillbirth (n=4) was most reported. Only one model was externally validated. Thirty different predictors were used to develop the models. Risk of bias varied across studies, with the item ‘quality of analysis’ performing the least.ConclusionPrognostic models can be easy to use, informative and low cost with great potential to improve maternal and neonatal health in LMIC settings. However, the number of prognostic models developed or validated in LMIC settings is low and mirrors the 10/90 gap in which only 10% of resources are dedicated to 90% of the global disease burden. External validation of existing models developed in both LMIC and high-income countries instead of developing new models should be encouraged.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017058044.
Effects of intraoperative PEEP on postoperative pulmonary complications in high-risk patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Zhen-feng , Fang Jun-biao , Wang Hong-fa , He Ying , Yu Yong-jian , Xu Qiong , Ge Yun-fen , Zhang Miao-zun , Hu Shuang-fei 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionPostoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), strongly associated with higher mortality risk, can develop in up to 58% of patients undergoing abdominal surgery. More and more evidence shows that the use of a lung-protective ventilation strategy has a lung protection effect in patients undergoing abdominal surgery, however, the role of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during the intraoperative period in preventing PPCs for laparoscopic surgery is not clearly defined.Methods and analysisA total of 208 patients with a high risk of PPC, undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery, will be enrolled and randomised into a standard PEEP (6–8 cm H2O) group and a low PEEP (≤2 cm H2O) group. Both groups will receive a fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.50 and a tidal volume of 8 mL/kg ideal body weight (IBW). Standard perioperative fluid management and analgesic treatments are applied in both groups. The primary end point is PPC within 7 days after surgery. Secondary end points are the modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score, postoperative extrapulmonary complications, postoperative surgical complications, intensive care unit length of stay, hospital length of stay, 30-day mortality.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medicine College) (registration number KY2018026) on 22 October 2018. The first participant was recruited on 15 April 2019 and the estimated completion date of the study is October 2021. The results of this trial will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberhttp://www.chictr.org.cn, ID: ChiCTR1800019865. Registered on 2 December 2018; preresults.