bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Types of Contamination in Landfills and Effects on The Environment: A Review Study
Authors: Iravanian A , Ravari Sh O 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Waste disposal is one of the important problems in the world. In general, wastes are categorized into different groups, and there are some special landfills and methods for disposing of each of these waste materials. However, it should be noted that although there are some rules and regulations that try to reduce the impact of waste disposal, landfills have negative effects on soil, air, water, and natural life. One of the most important sources of pollution in landfills is the leachate that is generated by the decomposition of waste. Leachate can penetrate into the soil and water resources, contaminate them, and can affect human life. Leachate generation has five different phases and each of these phases contains some reactions that have a direct impact on the quality and quantity of leachate. Leachate has four main types of pollution and each of these pollutants can contaminate soil and water resources and be hazardous for aquatic and animals in the soil. In addition, some of these contaminations can enter the food chain and affect the ecosystem and human life. The negative impacts of landfills remain even years after the landfill is closed. Therefore, it is important to consider the short-term and long-term effects of landfills on their surroundings to protect the environment and human health.
Impact of stops for bus delays on routes
Authors: Kutlimuratov K , Mukhitdinov A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper bus travel time and delay is significant measures in public transportation. This research aims to explore impact of stops for the selected bus route and to find some simple suitable solutions to reduce the travel time and minimize delays for scheduling preferences of travellers. Delays data were collected using automatic vehicle location system (GPS technology) for the bus route #51 in Tashkent. Based on the collected GPS data were proposed the developed a linear and a logistic multivariate regression model. Travel time reliability were estimated regarding to a multivariate regression models and performed. The result shows that very good statistical suitable as expected and thus can be used in the public transportation to determine any travel time using real-time and available offline data. These outcomes, in the future it is expected that will be applicable and more efficient bus public transportation system in Tashkent.
Visualization and analysing the state of hydrotechnical construction via geospatial methods (on the example of Kharshi pumping stations cascade)
Authors: Mamatkulov Z , Rashidov J , Eshchanova G , Berdiev M , Abdurakhmonov Z 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the given article the state of Kharshi pumping station, which is considered as one of the huge pumping stations cascade in Central Asia is described through analysing and visualising the geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) methods. As data there were used Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission - SRTM and high-resolution optical images of the area, provided by ESRI. For data processing and visualization, there was used the software of ArcGIS 10.5 by ESRI company and the results were obtained. At the same time the geographical location of pumping stations and water elevating points and the state of water flowing canals were analysed remotely along with the results from the cross-sectional area of cascade were obtained. In assessing, the accuracy of results it was compared with the data based on field search work and the obtained results from the distance showed 86% accuracy.
Frequency analysis of longitudinal-radial vibrations of a cylindrical shell
Authors: Khalmuradov R I , Yalgashev B F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article solves the problem of harmonic longitudinal-radial vibrations of a circular cylindrical shell with freely supported ends. To solve the problem, we used the refined equations of oscillation of such a shell, derived earlier from the exact three-dimensional formulation of the problem and its solution in transformations. An extensive review of works devoted to the study of harmonic and nonstationary processes in elastic bodies on the basis of classical (Kirchhoff-Love, Flyugge) and refined Timoshenko type (Hermann-Mirsky, Filippov-Khudoinazarov) theories is given. Four frequency equations are obtained for the main parts of the longitudinal and radial displacements of the cylindrical shell. These frequency equations admit, as special cases, frequency equations and a thin-walled shell. Based on the solution of the obtained frequency equations, the frequencies of natural vibrations of the shell, including the thin-walled one, are determined. A comparative frequency analysis of longitudinal vibrations of a circular cylindrical elastic shell is carried out on the basis of the classical Kirchhoff-Love theory, refined theories of Hermann-Mirsky and Filippov-Khudoinazarov. On the basis of the results obtained, conclusions were drawn regarding the applicability of the studied oscillation equations, depending on the waveform and shell length. In particular, it was found that all the considered equations are unsuitable for describing wave processes in short shells, the lengths of which are commensurate with the transverse dimensions of the shells.
Contact problems of multilayer slabs interaction on an elastic foundation
Authors: Mirsaidov M , Mamasoliev Q 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A mathematical model and a method to assess the internal force factors in multilayer strip – slab on elastic foundation under various static loads were developed in the paper. A detailed review of well-known publications on assessing the stress-strain state and dynamic behavior of various structures interacting with the base is given. A closed system of integro-differential equations describing the strain process in multilayer slabs on an elastic foundation was derived. The problem under consideration was reduced (using the Chebyshev polynomial) to the solution of infinite systems of algebraic equations. The regularities of infinite systems of algebraic equations were proved and the corresponding estimates were obtained. A number of terms of the Chebyshev polynomial for obtaining a solution to the problem with the required accuracy was determined. The efficiency of the method was shown on the example of test problems.
A comprehensive impact of Clasterosporiosis and Polistigmosis diseases on almonds plantation: A brief review
Authors: Yuldosheva D , Khodjaev O , Gulmurodova Sh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A number of authors have reported on Clasterosporiosis and Polystigmosis diseases of almonds occurring in the Tashkent region. These diseases are common in the CIS in Central Asia, the Caucasus, Moldova, and Ukraine. As well as, these diseases are widespread in all almond growing regions in Uzbekistan. Clasterosporiosis and Polystigmosis are among the most damaging diseases of almonds in Bostanlyk district of the Tashkent region. Red spot disease was first reported in 1970 in the Iranian city of Shiraz and is widespread in the Mediterranean regions and in the Middle East. This disease is one of the most important almond diseases, as it slows down the process of photosynthesis and leads to early defoliation of trees. A drop in fruit production has also been caused by this disease. Polystigmosis (red spot) is caused by the fungus Polystigma rubrum (Po. rubrum). The disease does not quickly destroy the trees, but its damage reduces the quantity and quality of the crop, slows the development of new branches, and consequently weakens the tree. Thus, this brief review paper presents the recent studies focused on the comprehensive impact of Clasterosporiosis and Polistigmosis diseases on almonds plantation.
Study of enzymatic activity of microbiological biopreparation in the cultivation of cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under saline stress conditions
Authors: Murodova S S , Khujanazarova M K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The changes in enzymic activity of the soils have been studied in the result of inoculation of cotton plants with microbiological preparation “Zamin-M” which was obtained on the base of association of strains Pseudomonas stutzeri SKB-308, Bacillus subtilis SKB-309 and Bacillus megaterium SKB-310 isolated from the rhizosphere of cotton plant grown in different saline soils. The results of the study showed that when the biopreparation “Zamin-M” was used, the enzymic activity of peroxidase was 1.76 ± 0.32 and in the control 1.5 ± 0.31 (mg purpurgalin/g soil, 24 hours), as well as the enzymic activity of polyphenol oxidase was 2.1 ± 0.53 and in the control 1.64 ± 0.51 (mg purpurgalin/g soil, 24 h). In the control variants, the activity of the enzyme of catalase relative to 1 g of absolutely dry soil was 1,0 ± 0,55 according to the amount of oxygen released in 5 minutes, while using the preparation its increase was observed and made 1.8±0.27 ml O2.Similar indicators were found in the study of invertase enzymic activity, when the preparation “Zamin-M” was applied, its amount constituted 271 ± 0.55 (mkg/absolutely dry soil), while in the control variant it made 111 ± 0.41 (mkg/absolutely dry soil). Urease enzymic activity was active under 24 ± 0.3 units when the preparation was used and in the control it was noted to be 14 ± 0,64 (mkg N/NH4/1 g soil) and phosphatase enzymic activity made 74±0.21 and in the control 53±0.32 (mkg P2O5/g soil, 24 hr) which led to the activation of biochemical processes in the soil.
Theoretical and experimental results of determination of the peeler-bar parameters of corn-thresher
Authors: Astanakulov K D , Fozilov G G , Kodirov B Kh , Khudaev I , Shermukhamedov Kh , Umarova F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A new type corn-thresher was developed and tested for farms in Uzbekistan. Unlike to the existent threshers, this corn-thresher peels the husks of corn-cobs and threshes the kernel. At first parameters of the peeler-bars were researched theoretically, then three types of peeler bars were installed symmetrically on the surface of rotor of the corn-thresher and compared experimentally. The corn-thresher works qualitatively and it requires least metal and energy. The weight of corn-thresher is just 350 kg, consumes power amount is 5 KW and the work performance of the thresher in the pure time is 4600 kg/hour. During the theoretical research, the results were determined that, width of the peeler-bar should be bigger or equal than 4.8 cm (b

p
≥ 4.8 cm). Also, the distance between peeler-bar and concave should be equal to 38 mm (S

c
= 38). While we researched experimentally the types of peeler bars, three type of them, namely straight tooth, sloped tooth and fluted bar were tested. Their surface was compared between 36-44 mm distance of peeler-bar and concave. When the distance between sloped tooth peeler-bar and concave was 38-40 mm, we achieved to peeling well the husk of corn-cob, threshing better the kernels than other peelers, the most important was that any grain had not damaged when we analyzed results.
Search and study of treatment spring water: A case study of Jizzakh region in Uzbekistan
Authors: Tashpulatova S A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Determining the amount of groundwater sources (springs) and analyzing their quality has always been an important issue, because the health of the population largely depends on the quality of the water. This article presents the analytical results of a study of 242 springs in the Jizzakh region for 2018-2020. During these years, 242 sources (springs) in Farish, Bakhmal, Zaamin and other districts located in the mountain side of the Jizzakh region and 164 (68%) of 242 in the Farish district, 33 (14%) in the Bakhmal district, 27 (11%) in the Zaamin district and 18 (7%) located in the Gallaorol. Analysis of chemical and physical properties (total mineralization of the sampled water, iron, silicon compounds, bromine, iodine, carbon dioxide content, organic matter, pH, hardness, etc.) showed that 107 out of 242 springs are natural sources for human health and diseases prevention. The largest number of these springs is 68 (64%) in Farish district, 29 (27%) in Bakhmal district, 9 (8%) in Zaamin district and 1 (1%) in Gallaaral, respectively. These results will play an important role to research with large-scale quantitative and qualitative on healing springs in the future.
From machine learning to deep learning in agriculture – the quantitative review of trends
Authors: Dokic K , Blaskovic L , Mandusic D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the last two decades, we have witnessed the intensive development of artificial intelligence in the field of agriculture. In this period, the transition from the application of simpler machine learning algorithms to the application of deep learning algorithms can be observed. This paper provides a quantitative overview of papers published in the past two decades, thematically related to machine learning, neural networks, and deep learning. Also, a review of the contribution of individual countries was given. The second part of the paper analyses trends in the first half of the current year, with an emphasis on areas of application, selected deep learning methods, input data, crop mentioned in the paper and applied frameworks. Scopus and Web of Science citation databases were used.
Remote control device to control the contact uniformity of the brush strippers on the spindle’s surface of the cotton picking apparatus
Authors: Uljayev E , Ravutov Sh T , Ubaydullayev U M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the question of implementation remote control of contact uniformity of brush strippers on a spindles surface of the harvest device of the mechanical cotton picker is considered. A brief analysis of known works is carried out and the urgency of the development of a specialized remote control system for the rotation speed of brush strippers and the uniformity of touching the brush strips on the surface of the spindles is substantiated. As a sensing element, it is proposed to use a strain gauge that changes its ohmic resistance when the stripper brush touches the spindle surface. A wireless GSM communication unit is used for remote transmission and reception of information.
Machine for carrying works on deep loosening of soil with the simultaneous application of liquid organic fertilizers
Authors: Martinova N , Shavazov K , Telovov N , Toigambayev S , Yusupov Sh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The situation in the country is analyzed, the amount of fallow lands withdrawn from agricultural use during the period of reforms is estimated. The necessity of carrying out work on deep loosening of mineral soils of III-IV groups of heavy mechanical action to increase water permeability, in order to drain excess surface water into the underlying soil layers, has been substantiated. The ways of achieving a high-quality fine crumbly soil structure to achieve an optimal water-air balance for the subsequent development of plants have been investigated. The efforts of reclamation rippers are considered and a two-row deep-ripping type with front shanks of a volumetric structure and rear curved shanks with additional plowshares is selected. The possibility of simultaneous operations on deep loosening of the soil with the introduction of liquid fertilizers has been substantiated. This will increase the fertility of the soil and qualitatively change its composition. The rates of application of liquid fertilizers to the soil have been investigated and a modified design of the machine for the delivery of organo-containing liquid to an enlarged pore space has been proposed. The resistance of soil development was estimated, the traction and grip qualities of the machine were checked and the possibility of installing additional equipment for applying fertilizers to the root-inhabited vegetation layer was revealed. The movement of an organic fluid in the pore representation is considered, the possibility of creating a homogeneous soil structure and uniform distribution of fluid, organic matter, in the root zone of plants is analyzed. The influence of the ongoing reclamation measures on increasing soil fertility, creating an optimal water and air balance for the growth and development of cultural and expected increase in yield is analyzed.
Efficiency of irrigation water discharged to furrows in combating irrigation erosion
Authors: Isaev S Kh , Rakhmonov R U , Tadjiev S S , Goziev G I , Khasanov S Z 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the approach to reduce the risk of irrigation erosion in the irrigated areas where ‘Andijan 37’ and ‘Namangan 77’ varieties of cotton were sowed, in which the topsoil is formed by typical gray soils and which are vulnerable to erosion, was validated. In cotton irrigation, while watering with a device with a 15 mm of irrigation hollow, the cotton water-demand was improved and an optimal and favorable condition to uptake the potential moisture and nutrient for cotton breeding was created. This enabled to harvest 3.6 quintals more cotton yield per ha in contrast to the usual condition, to gain the net profit accounted for 700,309 sums per ha, and to improve the profitability by 38%.
Land suitability assessment for grapevines via laser level in water-scarce regions of Uzbekistan (in the case of Kashkadarya province)
Authors: Jumanov A , Khasanov S , Tabayev A , Goziev G , Uzbekov U , Malikov E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The most suitable arable land for viticulture is mainly located in the rain-fed areas such as in the foothills and mountainous regions of Uzbekistan where vineyards reach the acme point of the yield productivity. Irrigating with rainwater in the vineyard has a great potential for obtaining stable yields at the low cost of irrigation water which is proven by experimental and theoretical studies. This paper aims at implementing and testing the advantage of sustainable irrigation methods in water-scarce regions of Uzbekistan by scrutinizing the hydraulic characteristics of irrigation water and slope of the study area. We considered the maximum evapotranspiration rate in general for all phases to calculate the amount of irrigation water required per one vine tree since considering the water scarcity in the maximum growing season is important. We firstly aimed at constructing the pool to store raindrops. To perform this, we used the laser level for checking land suitability and a standardized 20 Ø irrigation pipe to deliver rainwater from the pool to the furrows of the vineyard. The results of the geodetic survey showed that the average slope of the pilot area was equal to 0.022 and enabled to implement the rainwater irrigation.
Research of vertical forces for acting tractor unit
Authors: Marupov I , Imomov Sh , Ermatova D , Majitov J , Kholikova N , Tagaev V , Nuritov I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article provides an important study of the vertical forces acting on the tractor unit. At the same time, it is shown that the undercarriage of a stationary tractor perceives the operating weight of the tractor itself, mounted agricultural machines and fertilizers. Thus, with a steady motion of the tractor unit, the values of the loads on the front and rear wheels change due to the resistance forces of the working tools and the rolling resistance force. And it is also shown that the rolling resistance force reduces the vertical loads on the steering wheel and the drive wheels are loaded by the same amount due to the redistribution of loads along the axles.
Study on preparation and distribution of forage by chopping coarse fodder
Authors: Astanakulov KD , Gapparov Sh , Karshiev F , Makhsumkhonova A , Khudaynazarov D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Livestock farming is one of the very important agricultural branches in Uzbekistan. In present days there are a lot of small livestock farms. In cattle farming for increasing productivity it depends on feeding well with different types of fodder of the livestock animals. For this reason, it is necessary for these farms to develop a small chopping machine and distributor device for individual use. According to construction of available fodder-choppers and physical-mechanical properties of the rough fodder, technological schemes of the small scaled chopper-mixer and distributor device were developed. During the experiments the chopping apparatus of the fodder chopper device was researched. When rotation frequency of the rotor was 1000 rpm qualitative chopping of the coarse fodder was determined when diameter of the rotor was 450-500 mm and the number of the knives on the rotor was 24-30 pieces. Next task is making experimental variant of the small scaled fodder distributing device as well testing of performing capability its defined technological process and determination its optimal parameters.
Ion implantation of helium and hydrogen in boron coatings
Authors: Karpikov A N , Larionov A S , Kislitsin S B , Chernov I I , Staltsov M S , Dikov A S , AkaeV S O 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The work presents the calculated mean free paths of hydrogen, deuterium and helium ions in boron-carbon and boron-titanium films of various configurations. Has been rated impact of these coatings at various film thicknesses for ion capture in tungsten. The calculations were carried out using the software package SRIM-2012, for each mileage value was calculated by modeling of10,000 cascades.
The effect of neutron irradiation in a helium atmosphere on the mechanical properties of 18Cr10NiTi austenitic steel
Authors: Akaev S O , Dikov A S , Dikova L A , Kislitsin S B , Firsova V V , Larionov A S , Chernov I I , Staltsov M S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The microstructure and mechanical properties of 18Cr10NiTi austenitic steel were studied after high-temperature neutron irradiation of samples in a helium atmosphere. It was revealed during irradiation, helium penetrates into steel samples forming bubbles distributed on dislocations and along grain boundaries. Character of the temperature dependence of the mechanical characteristics of irradiated steel indicates a high-temperature radiation embrittlement of steel. The character of the mechanical properties temperature dependence change of irradiated steel points to its high-temperature radiation embrittlement.
Manufacturing of high entropy alloy in the Ni-Nb-Co-Fe-Cr system by rapidly solidification method for oxide ceramic brazing
Authors: Gabov A I , Ivannikov A A , Sevryukov O N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents results of research of high-entropy alloys of the Ni-Nb-Co-Fe-Cr system in the as-cast state and after rapid quenching from the melt. The results of experiments on obtaining a brazed joint of aluminum-oxide ceramics with using the filler metal of this system and the results of a studying this joint are presented. Differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) and measurement of microhardness were used as experimental research methods. The liquidus and solidus temperatures of high-entropy alloy Nb0.73CoCrFeNi2.1 were determined. The phase composition of alloys of the Ni-Nb-Co-Fe-Cr system was studied. It was shown, that alloys of this system can be used as filler metal to create a joint between ceramics. The microhardness of the brazed seam was studied. Based on these results the brazing mode for samples of aluminum-oxide ceramics with using high-entropy alloy Nb0.73CoCrFeNi2.1 as a filler metal was chosen.