bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Urinary Copper Excretion on Chelation Therapy in Children with Wilson Disease
Authors: Chanpong Atchariya , Dhawan Anil 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:In Wilson disease (WD), 24‐hour urinary copper excretion (UCE) is recommended to be used for diagnosis. It may be a useful tool to assess the efficacy of treatment during follow‐up; however, there are limited data regarding the cutoff value of 24‐hour UCE during follow‐up in children. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the clinical use of 24‐hour UCE during follow‐up in children with WD.Patients and Methods:Medical records of children diagnosed with WD at Kings’ College Hospital from 2005 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The UCE, serum copper, and ceruloplasmin levels, tested during follow‐up, were statistically analyzed.Results:Over the median duration of 7 years (range 1.4–14.4), 28 patients (age ranged 3.8–17.3 years) had UCE tests during follow‐up. Of those, 21 patients had at least one 24‐hour UCE test and 7 children had only spot UCE tests. In comparison with the level of 24‐hour UCE collected at the first visit after penicillamine challenge test, the median excretion rate was significantly reduced over the follow‐up period (P < 0.001), from 26.2 to 8.9 μmol/day following 1–2 years of therapy (P = 0.15), then reduced significantly to 2.2 μmol/day after 3–4 years (P = 0.009), and 5.6 μmol/day at >5 years of follow‐up (P = 0.003).Conclusions:Our study suggests that within 1 year of treatment, the level of nonceruloplasmin‐bound copper concentration (NCC) drops to <0.8 μmol/L. In the absence of progressive liver disease or signs of copper deficiency, 24‐hour UCE decreases to ≤8 μmol/day and <6 μmol/day after 1 and 5 years of treatment, respectively.
Simulation model for productivity, risk and GDP impact forecasting of the COVID-19 portfolio vaccines
Authors: Shnaydman Vladimir 
Published: November 2020

Executive summaryThe paper presents the methodology and modeling results for COVID-19 vaccines portfolio forecasting, including R&D output (rate and likelihood of approvals at a vaccine technology platform level) and manufacturing production output to meet worldwide demand.In order to minimize the time and risk of global vaccination, scaling up of Operation Warp Speed (OWS) and other programs could be very beneficial, leading to increased financing for additional vaccine development programs, in both Phase III clinical trials and in manufacturing. It would also lead to a reduction of the global production time for world vaccination, from 75 months for a baseline scenario to 36 months, reducing potential global GDP loss by as much as US$4.2 trillion (US ∼ $1 trillion) when compared to the baseline scenario.
Adaptive metabolic and inflammatory responses identified using accelerated aging metrics are linked to adverse outcomes in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Márquez-Salinas Alejandro , Fermín-Martínez Carlos A. , Antonio-Villa Neftalí Eduardo , Vargas-Vázquez Arsenio , Guerra Enrique C. , Campos-Muñoz Alejandro , Zavala-Romero Lilian , Mehta Roopa , Bahena-López Jessica Paola , Ortiz-Brizuela Edgar , González-Lara María Fernanda , Roman-Montes Carla M. , Martinez-Guerra Bernardo A. , de Leon Alfredo Ponce , Sifuentes-Osornio José , Gutiérrez-Robledo Luis Miguel , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A. , Bello-Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONChronological age (CA) is a predictor of adverse COVID-19 outcomes; however, CA alone does not capture individual responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we evaluated the influence of aging metrics PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel to predict adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Furthermore, we sought to model adaptive metabolic and inflammatory responses to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection using individual PhenoAge components.METHODSIn this retrospective cohort study, we assessed cases admitted to a COVID-19 reference center in Mexico City. PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel were estimated using laboratory values at admission. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate risk for COVID-19 lethality and adverse outcomes (ICU admission, intubation, or death). To explore reproducible patterns which model adaptive responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we used k-means clustering using PhenoAge/PhenoAccelAge components.RESULTSWe included 1068 subjects of whom 401 presented critical illness and 204 died. PhenoAge was a better predictor of adverse outcomes and lethality compared to CA and SpO2 and its predictive capacity was sustained for all age groups. Patients with responses associated to PhenoAgeAccel>0 had higher risk of death and critical illness compared to those with lower values (log-rank p<0.001). Using unsupervised clustering we identified four adaptive responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection: 1) Inflammaging associated with CA, 2) metabolic dysfunction associated with cardio-metabolic comorbidities, 3) unfavorable hematological response, and 4) response associated with favorable outcomes.CONCLUSIONSAdaptive responses related to accelerated aging metrics are linked to adverse COVID-19 outcomes and have unique and distinguishable features. PhenoAge is a better predictor of adverse outcomes compared to CA.
Changes in community composition determine recovery trajectories from multiple agricultural stressors in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Polazzo Francesco , dos Anjos Talles Bruno Oliveira , Arenas-Sánchez Alba , Romo Susana , Vighi Marco , Rico Andreu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPesticides have been identified worldwide as a threat for aquatic biodiversity due to their widespread use in agriculture and their capacity to reach freshwater ecosystems. Very little is known about the consequences of pesticide mixtures targeting different organism groups on community dynamics. Especially, how horizontal changes within one trophic level are propagated vertically across the food web has been rarely investigated. To get insight on the effects of pesticide mixtures on community dynamics, we performed a mesocosm experiment manipulating three common agricultural stressors: chlorpyrifos (an insecticide), diuron (an herbicide) and nutrients. The results of this study show that all stressors had significant effects on community composition, species richness and abundance. However, recovery trajectories and ecosystem functioning effects largely depended on the type of stressor as well as on post-disturbance trophic and non-trophic interactions. Effects of pesticides were generally recovered by the end of the experimental period when considering abundance, whereas community composition further departed from control systems. High nutrient loads led to a shift in community composition characterized by high taxa dominance and lower species richness, which in turn contributed to increased total organism abundance and reduced recovery times to pesticide exposure. We found interactions between the tested stressors to be significant only few times at the community level, while interactions were more common at the population level. Our findings indicate that management of freshwater ecosystems should consider pre-disturbance community composition and long-term changes in interactions across different organism groups to set effective protection measures.
Risk perceptions and preventive practices of COVID-19 among healthcare professionals in public hospitals in Ethiopia
Authors: Deressa Wakgari , Worku Alemayehu , Abebe Workeabeba , Gizaw Muluken , Amogne Wondwosson 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHealthcare professionals are at higher risk of contracting the novel coronavirus due to their work exposure in the healthcare settings. Practicing appropriate preventive measures to control COVID-19 infection is one of the most important interventions that healthcare workers are expected to use. The aim of this study was to assess the level of risk perception and practices of preventive measures of COVID-19 among health workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 9thto 26thJune 2020 among healthcare professionals working at six public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Frequency, percentage, and mean were used to summarize the data. A binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with risk perception about COVID-19. A total of 1,134 participants were surveyed. Wearing facemask (93%), hand washing for at least 20 seconds (93%), covering mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing (91%), and avoiding touching eyes, nose, and mouth (91%) were the commonly self-reported preventive practices. About 88% perceived that they were worried about the risk of becoming infected with coronavirus, and majority (91%) worried about the risk of infection to their family. The mean score of overall fear and worry of COVID-19 was 2.37 on a scale of 1 to 3. Respondents who ever provided clinical care to COVID-19 patients were more likely to report fear and worry (adjusted OR=1.34, 95% CI:1.02-1.91), however those who ever participated in Ebola or SARS outbreaks were less likely to report fear and worry due to COVID-19 crisis (adjusted OR=0.66, 95% CI:0.48-0.90). This study has revealed widespread practices of preventive measures and the highest perceived risk of COVID-19 among healthcare workers. Therefore, an effective risk communication intervention should be implemented to ensure the maintenance of appropriate practices during the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Systemic coaching for higher effectiveness
Authors: Bhatnagar Vikas Rai 
Published: November 2020

PurposePractitioners’ literature on coaching has swelled as compared to the theoretical grounding and academic research on coaching, thereby questioning if coaching is a profession. Furthermore, the increasing investments in coaching seek a higher return on investments. These trends call for a deeper theoretical grounding of coaching and evolving innovative approaches that increase the effectiveness of coaching. Against this backdrop, this study aims to describe a process a coach can adopt for objectively and systemically understanding the context of the coachee at multiple levels (organizational, teams/dyadic and intrapersonal) to develop and execute an effective coaching intervention.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a radical humanistic paradigm, deploys ecosystems theory, develops a conceptual model and uses it for action researching in an Indian manufacturing organization. This study uses a non-experimental purposive sampling and makes use of a cross-sectional survey method for gathering data by using validated instruments. Guided by the ecosystems theory, data is gathered at three levels of nested systems – the microsystem (intrapersonal and direct reports of coachee), mesosystem (peers and manager of coachee) and the macrosystem (cultural) levels. Analysis of data helps the coach to design and execute an effective coaching intervention at multiple levels – intrapersonal, dyadic and organizational.FindingsThis study provides an alternative approach to systemically diagnose at three levels of the environment (microsystem, mesosystem and macrosystem) and uses validated instruments for assessing the areas of opportunity and concerns for carrying effective coaching. The use of employee strengths that conceives strengths as a dynamic interaction of personal attributes and contextual factors instead of the trait-based conceptualizations in extant literature leads to rich data for designing effective coaching interventions. Using the ecosystems theory for carrying out systemic coaching is an effective approach for professionalizing coaching and increasing the effectiveness of coaching.Originality/valueThe originality of this study lies in using the ecosystems theory for guiding the research, developing the conceptual model, collecting data by using validated instruments and in making use of data across multiple levels of systems (micro, meso and macro) for carrying out systemic coaching. The use of a new higher-order construct of employee strengths at work that conceives strengths as a dynamic interaction of personal traits and contextual factors is yet another originality of the research. Finally, this study identifies key systems variables and provides a proof of concept by executing a generalizable systemic coaching process in an organization.
Simulation-based lean six sigma for Industry 4.0: an action research in the process industry
Authors: Bhat Vinayambika S. , Bhat Shreeranga , Gijo E. V. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe primary aim of this article is to ascertain the modalities of leveraging Lean Six Sigma (LSS) for Industry 4.0 (I4.0) with special reference to the process industries. Moreover, it intends to determine the applicability of simulation-based LSS in the automation of the mineral water industry, with special emphasis on the robust design of the control system to improve productivity and performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts the action research methodology, which is exploratory in nature along with the DMAIC (define-measure-analyze-improve-control) approach to systematically unearth the root causes and to develop robust solutions. The MATLAB simulation software and Minitab statistical software are effectively utilized to draw the inferences.FindingsThe root causes of critical to quality characteristic (CTQ) and variation in purity level of water are addressed through the simulation-based LSS approach. All the process parameters and noise parameters of the reverse osmosis (RO) process are optimized to reduce the errors and to improve the purity of the water. The project shows substantial improvement in the sigma rating from 1.14 to 3.88 due to data-based analysis and actions in the process. Eventually, this assists the management to realize an annual saving of 20% of its production and overhead costs. This study indicates that LSS can be applicable even in the advent of I4.0 by reinforcing the existing approach and embracing data analysis through simulation.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this research is that the inference is drawn based on a single case study confined to process industry automation. Having said that, the methodology deployed, scientific information related to optimization, and technical base established can be generalized.Originality/valueThis article is the first of its kind in establishing the integration of simulation, LSS, and I4.0 with special reference to automation in the process industry. It also delineates the case study in a phase-wise manner to explore the applicability and relevance of LSS with I4.0. The study is archetype in enabling LSS to a new era, and can act as a benchmark document for academicians, researchers, and practitioners for further research and development.
Antiwear and extreme pressure properties of hazelnut oil blended with ZDDP
Authors: Shafi Wani Khalid , Charoo M.S. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The paper aims to investigate the effect of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) on wear and extreme pressure (EP) capabilities of hazelnut oil.

Design/methodology/approach
A four-ball tribometer is used to study the effect of ZDDP on the antiwear (AW) and EP performance of hazelnut oil as a lubricant. The AW/EP tests are carried out following ASTM D4172 and ASTM D2783 standards. The wear mechanism of steel balls is studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The ZDDP is added in 1Wt.%, 2Wt.% and 3Wt.% concentration, and its presence on surfaces is indicated by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX).

Findings
The maximum improvement in the wear properties for hazelnut oil is equal to 43.7% and 45.7% at 1Wt.% and 3Wt. % ZDDP, respectively. Also, the load wear index of hazelnut oil increases from 29 to 73.1 at 3Wt.% ZDDP. The improvement in AW and EP properties is attributed to the protective layer formation by ZDDP.

Originality/value
The paper is a novel study investigating the effect of ZDDP additive in hazelnut oil. The results could prove beneficial in making the hazelnut oil a viable replacement of mineral oils.

Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-06-2020-0217/
A proposed strategy to encounter extremist ideology on Egypt’s frontier governorates: North Sinai case
Authors: O. Elkhosht Mohamed , Mahmoud Mahmoud , Zayed Ahmed , Abdallah Mo’taz S. , Kharbush Mohamed S. A. , Mahmoud Dalal 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the relationship between the spread of extremist thoughts and the weak economic and social factors surrounding it. There are higher chances of better understanding of this relationship on Egypt’s borders more than its center. Achieving development and stability leads to creating a preventive environment to extremist thoughts existence and spread, in addition to preventing its transformation into terrorism.

Design/methodology/approach
The study depends on an analytical methodology to examine the validity of the research hypothesis through two basic steps. The first step depends on describing the geographical, demographical, economic, social, political and security aspects of North Sinai. The second step is a prospective approach to build a strategy that helps in achieving development and accordingly a comprehensive confront for the opportunities of extremist thought spreading in North Sinai.

Findings
The study concludes that Egypt is well aware of the dimensions of encountering extremist thoughts and has adopted a comprehensive approach in achieving this. It has already started the paces of this confrontation in general, with some specificity in North Sinai Governorate that observed lately increased activities by extremists and terrorist groups. The proposed strategy is a set of policies that can help the country achieve its goals against extremism and terrorism.

Research limitations/implications
The study covers a time frame that starts from 2014, which is considered the beginning of a new phase for the Egyptian state. The study relies on the field of strategic studies and it focuses on North Sinai Governorate.

Originality/value
The study has a scientific importance because it presents a proposal for a comprehensive strategy to encounter extremist thoughts, which adds value to the literature of the study of extremism. The current study makes its contributions in some directions, such as reviewing the contents of this extremist thought or the juristic comment on it, the impacts of the spread of extremist thoughts, the role of the official media in disseminating extremist thoughts or standing up to it. In terms of application, the study presents a proposal with many policies in various fields to counter extremist ideology. These proposals are implementable in North Sinai Governorate as well as other frontier governorates.
Expatriates' salary expectations, age, experience and country image
Authors: Duarte Henrique , de Eccher Umberto , Brewster Chris 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain how candidates' expectations of salary in relation to job offers as expatriates in developing societies are related to country image and to age.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from over 500 engineers living in France, Portugal and Spain, evaluating two hypothetical expatriate proposals to six different African and Latin American countries. Multivariate hierarchical regression was applied to statistically detect significant predictors, with a broad range of control variables, to investigate expatriate salary expectations.FindingsResults evidence the role of age, seniority, previous international experience and culture attraction for the host country in influencing salary expectations for potential expatriate postings. These results are discussed at the light of selection, optimisation and compensation theory (SOC), conservation of resources theory (COR) and social identity theory.Practical implicationsFindings call for multinational companies to consider age, individual background, career attributes and location concerns when evaluating salary expectations involved in expatriation to developing countries.Originality/valueThe study shows how individual expectations about required salaries for accepting expatriate job offers in developing countries (hardly addressed in the extant literature) result from the potential for professional development opportunities and the responsibility of the jobs being offered, the country image, and the age and motivation of the individuals. Furthermore, it integrates research through use of SOC and COR theories.
Narrative inquiry on case studies of crisis in dementia
Authors: Bosco Alessandro , Schneider Justine , Coleston-Shields Donna Maria , Orrell Martin 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explore the coping styles that can be inferred from the discourse of dyads with dementia, and how these appear to impact on care management.

Design/methodology/approach
This was a case study approach. Participants were recruited from two teams managing crisis in dementia in the UK. The authors conducted multiple qualitative interviews with people with dementia and their family carers over the course of one month. The analysis was first performed through thematic analysis. Data were further analysed through narrative inquiry to create a story line, or play in our case, for our findings.

Findings
Five dyads were interviewed and a total of 16 interviews were conducted. Three dyads were husband–wife and two were daughter–mother relationships. The mean age was 67.4 years for carers and 79.8 years for people with dementia. In these cases, the carer assumed responsibility for managing the episode and was more likely to seek formal help if a pre-existing plan was in place. Otherwise, when a crisis arose, dyads preferred to avoid involving professionals.

Practical implications
Psychosocial interventions should aim to identify and replace unhelpful strategies used by dyads to manage crisis episodes.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study using qualitative interviews of dyads to inquire into their experience of mental health crisis.
Region-based layered infill area generation of STL models for additive manufacturing
Authors: Zhang Nan , Zhang Lichao , Wang Senlin , Wen Shifeng , Shi Yusheng 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
In the implementation of large-size additive manufacturing (AM), the large printing area can be established by using the tiled and fixed multiple printing heads or the single dynamic printing head moving in the x–y plane, which requires a layer decomposition after the mesh slicing to generate segmented infill areas. The data processing flow of these schemes is redundant and inefficient to some extent, especially for the processing of complex stereolithograph (STL) models. It is of great importance in improving the overall efficiency of large-size AM technics software by simplifying the redundant steps. This paper aims to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a method of directly generating segmented layered infill areas is proposed for AM. Initially, a vertices–mesh hybrid representation of STL models is constructed based on a divide-and-conquer strategy. Then, a trimming–mapping procedure is performed on sliced contours acquired from partial surfaces. Finally, to link trimmed open contours and inside-signal square corners as segmented infill areas, a region-based open contour closing algorithm is carried out in virtue of the developed data structures.

Findings
In virtue of the proposed approach, the segmented layered infill areas can be directly generated from STL models. Experimental results indicate that the approach brings us the good property of efficiency, especially for complex STL models.

Practical implications
The proposed approach can generate segmented layered infill areas efficiently in some cases.

Originality/value
The region-based layered infill area generation approach discussed here will be a supplement to current data process technologies in large-size AM, which is very suitable for parallel processing and enables us to improve the efficiency of large-size AM technics software.