bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 11C-O-methylated arylpiperazines as potential serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor antagonist radiotracers
Authors: Narayanaswami Vidya , Tong Junchao , Fiorino Ferdinando , Severino Beatrice , Sparaco Rosa , Magli Elisa , Giordano Flavia , Bloomfield Peter M. , Prabhakaran Jaya , Mann J. John , Vasdev Neil , Dahl Kenneth , Kumar J. S. Dileep 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSerotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders motivating the development of suitable radiotracers for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging. The gold standard PET imaging agent for this target is [carbonyl-11C]WAY-100635, labeled via a technically challenging multi-step reaction that has limited its widespread use. While several antagonist and agonist-based PET radiotracers for 5-HT1Areceptors have been developed, their clinical translation has been hindered by methodological challenges and/or and non-specific binding. As a result, there is continued interest in the development of new and more selective 5-HT1APET tracers having a relatively easier and reliable radiosynthesis process for routine production and with favorable metabolism to facilitate tracer-kinetic modeling. The purpose of the current study was to develop and characterize a radioligand with suitable characteristics for imaging 5-HT1Areceptors in the brain. The current study reports the in vitro characterization and radiosyntheses of three candidate 5-HT1Areceptor antagonists, DF-100(1), DF-300(2)and DF-400(3), to explore their suitability as potential PET radiotracers.ResultsSyntheses of1–3and corresponding precursors for radiolabeling were achieved from isonicotinic, picolinic acid or picolino nitrile. In vitro binding studies demonstrated nanomolar affinity of the compounds for 5-HT1Areceptors. Binding of1–3for other biogenic amines, neurotransmitter receptors, and transporters was negligible with the exception of moderate affinities for α1-adrenergic receptors (4–6-fold less potent than that for 5-HT1Areceptor). Radioligands [11C]1–3were efficiently prepared by11C-O-methylation of the corresponding phenolic precursor in non-decay corrected radiochemical yields of 7–11% with > 99% chemical and radiochemical purities. Dynamic PET studies in rats demonstrated negligible brain uptake of [11C]1and [11C]2. In contrast, significant brain uptake of [11C]3was observed with an early peak SUV of 4–5. However, [11C]3displayed significant off-target binding attributed to α1-adrenergic receptors based on regional distribution (thalamus>hippocampus) and blocking studies.ConclusionDespite efficient radiolabeling, results from PET imaging experiments limit the application of [11C]3for in vivo quantification of 5-HT1Areceptors. Nevertheless, derivatives of compound 3 may provide a scaffold for alternative PET radiotracers with improved selectivity for 5-HT1Areceptors or α1-adrenergic receptors.
Collective intelligence in fingerprint analysis
Authors: Tangen Jason M. , Kent Kirsty M. , Searston Rachel A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhen a fingerprint is located at a crime scene, a human examiner is counted upon to manually compare this print to those stored in a database. Several experiments have now shown that these professional analysts are highly accurate, but not infallible, much like other fields that involve high-stakes decision-making. One method to offset mistakes in these safety-critical domains is to distribute these important decisions to groups of raters who independently assess the same information. This redundancy in the system allows it to continue operating effectively even in the face of rare and random errors. Here, we extend this “wisdom of crowds” approach to fingerprint analysis by comparing the performance of individuals to crowds of professional analysts. We replicate the previous findings that individual experts greatly outperform individual novices, particularly in their false-positive rate, but they do make mistakes. When we pool the decisions of small groups of experts by selecting the decision of the majority, however, their false-positive rate decreases by up to 8% and their false-negative rate decreases by up to 12%. Pooling the decisions of novices results in a similar drop in false negatives, but increases their false-positive rate by up to 11%. Aggregating people’s judgements by selecting the majority decision performs better than selecting the decision of the most confident or the most experienced rater. Our results show that combining independent judgements from small groups of fingerprint analysts can improve their performance and prevent these mistakes from entering courts.
Protective and therapeutic effects of garlic and tomato on cadmium-induced neuropathology in mice
Authors: Vijaya P. , Kaur Harsimran , Garg Nancy , Sharma Suman 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Heavy metals are natural components of the earth’s crust and are considered as constant environmental pollutants since they cannot be degraded or destroyed easily. Cadmium (Cd) is present primarily in the ores of zinc, copper, or lead; the extraction and processing of which releases large quantities of cadmium into the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and soil thereby contaminating the human environment. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective and therapeutic effects of garlic and tomato extract on cadmium-induced AChE activity, biochemical parameters along with the pathological changes in the brain tissue of mice.

Methods
Male Swiss albino mice (n = 40) were divided into several experimental (protective and therapeutic) groups and were given single dose of cadmium (6 mg/kg bw) with supplementation of garlic (100 mg/kg bw) and tomato (50 mg/kg bw) extract for 15 and 30 days under protective and therapeutic study.

Results
Cadmium-treated mice showed a significant decline in AChE (p < 0.01) level and total proteins (p < 0.0001) but a nonsignificant decrease in glycogen, cholesterol in the brain tissue activity as compared to control group. The histological study also showed degeneration in the form of vacuolation, congestion, hyperemia, lymphocytic infiltration, and edema in the brain (cortex and hippocampus) of Cd-treated mice. But the antioxidant-treated groups showed significant increment in AChE level and other biochemical parameters in the protective study. But there were significant variations in the therapeutic study, and this was also confirmed by the histological analysis of the brain. Both tomato and garlic administration showed more attenuation in the brain AChE activity, and it may be due to the strong antioxidant potential of their constituents.

Conclusion
We can conclude that cadmium exposure should be avoided as it causes neuropathological effects. But in daily life, it may not be possible, so we should regularly intake natural antioxidants which may neutralize the effects of heavy metals to some extent.
Melanocytic lesions of the prostate
Authors: do Amaral Maria Estela Pompeu , Athanazio Daniel Abensur 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Benign melanocytic lesions of the prostate are rare and classified as blue nevus or melanosis. Both lesions have about 30 cases each reported in English literature.

Case presentation
We report here two illustrative cases, both incidental findings: a blue nevus at transurethral resection specimen and melanosis in needle biopsy. The second case was of a patient who underwent prostate biopsy due to a PI-RADS 5 finding in multiparametric MRI. Although no cancer was detected, findings suggestive of nodular hyperplasia and diagnostic of melanosis were observed.

Conclusion
Benign melanocytic lesions of the prostate are rare incidental findings with no clinical or prognostic relevance. Additional reports are warranted to evaluate whether such lesions may be associated with suspicious findings in imaging exams.
The clinical utility of joined detection of cancer ratio, cancer ratio plus, Interferon gamma (IFN-ϒ) & Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in differentiating lymphocytic pleural effusions
Authors: ElSharawy Dalia E. , Hagras Maha M. , Khedr Rasha A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The differentiation between malignant (MPE) and tuberculous (TPE) pleural effusions should be considered in any patient with an exudative lymphocytic pleural effusion. A rapid precise diagnosis is valuable as the treatment and prognosis are totally different. The histopathological proof may shorten the time to differential diagnosis. But it may be invasive and costly. The aim of this study is to validate the clinical reliability of joined detection of cancer ratio (serum LDH to pleural ADA), cancer ratio plus (cancer ratio to percentage of pleural fluid lymphocytic count), pleural interferon gamma (pIFN-ϒ), and pleural carcinoembryonic antigen (pCEA) values to differentiate between lymphocytic pleural effusions.

Results
Seventy-eight patients were included with mean age ± SD 53.09 ± 9.56 years old, 49 males and 29 females, diagnosed as 47 MPE, 24 TPE, and 7 others. Cancer ratio at cutoff value of ≥ 22 and cancer ration plus at cutoff value of ≥ 41 can discriminate MPE from any other cause with sensitivity (91.5%, 93.6%), specificity (87.5%, 91.7%), and diagnostic accuracy (90.1%, 92.9%) respectively. When the levels of pCEA and pIFN-ϒ were combined with cutoff value of cancer ratio, there were powerful diagnostic differentiating results.

Conclusions
Cancer ratio and cancer ratio plus offered valid, efficient, non-invasive, and easy measuring diagnostic tools. On diagnostic uncertainty, the add-on of pCEA in cases of suspected MPE, and pIFN-ϒ in cases of suspected TPE has a trustable diagnostic efficacy with no need for further investigations.
Visualizing highly cited scientific output of Indian physiotherapists: A bibliometric study
Authors: Subbarayalu Arun Vijay , Peter Manuelraj , Idhris Mohamed , Prabaharan Sivasankar , Sakthivel Muhil , Raman Vinoth , R.M. Palanivel , Ibrahim Ramzi Ola 
Published: May 2020

Background: Physiotherapy research supports the advancement of evidence-based practice and the development of a highly skilled workforce. This study aims to visualize the highly cited scientific output of Indian physiotherapists from 1999 to 2018. Methods: A descriptive study design was adopted to visualize the highly cited scientific output of Indian physiotherapists using the Web of Science (WoS) database from 1999 to 2018. A search was carried out using the following keywords "((TS=(physiotherapy) OR TS=("physical rehabilitation") OR TS=("physical therapy")) AND AD=(India))Indexes=SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-EXPANDED, IC Timespan=1999-2018”. Data collected were analyzed using Incites from WoS and VOSviewer software. Results: A total of 488 articles were published between 1999 and 2018, with a peak of 103 in 2016 with 2419 citations. A decline in publication count was observed after 2016. The journal International Journal of Physiotherapy published the highest number of articles (n=35). Manipal University (n=36) was found to be the most active institution for physiotherapy research in India, as determined by publishing the most articles. Indian physiotherapists published the highest number of research articles in collaboration with US authors (n=24). Conclusion: There is an increasing trend in the scientific output of Indian physiotherapists over the past two decades; however, a decline is observed after 2016. It is recommended that research collaborations across the globe are increased and scientific output should be improved, leading to a higher number of citations. Future research should explore factors influencing the scientific production of Indian physiotherapists and devise appropriate strategies to attain further improvement.
Jupyter notebook-based tools for building structured datasets from the Sequence Read Archive
Authors: Bernstein Matthew N. , Gladstein Ariella , Latt Khun Zaw , Clough Emily , Busby Ben , Dillman Allissa 
Published: May 2020

The Sequence Read Archive (SRA) is a large public repository that stores raw next-generation sequencing data from thousands of diverse scientific investigations. Despite its promise, reuse and re-analysis of SRA data has been challenged by the heterogeneity and poor quality of the metadata that describe its biological samples. Recently, the MetaSRA project standardized these metadata by annotating each sample with terms from biomedical ontologies. In this work, we present a pair of Jupyter notebook-based tools that utilize the MetaSRA for building structured datasets from the SRA in order to facilitate secondary analyses of the SRA’s human RNA-seq data. The first tool, called the Case-Control Finder, finds suitable case and control samples for a given disease or condition where the cases and controls are matched by tissue or cell type. The second tool, called the Series Finder, finds ordered sets of samples for the purpose of addressing biological questions pertaining to changes over a numerical property such as time. These tools were the result of a three-day-long NCBI Codeathon in March 2019 held at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of bioactive compounds produced from endophytic fungi of Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana) in Nepal
Authors: Gauchan Dhurva Prasad , Kandel Pratistha , Tuladhar Astha , Acharya Ashesh , Kadel Upendra , Baral Aayush , Shahi Arjan Bir , García-Gil María Rosario 
Published: May 2020

Background: Endophytic fungi are largely underexplored in the discovery of natural bioactive products though being rich sources of novel compounds with promising pharmaceutical potential. In this study, Taxus wallichiana, which has huge medicinal value, was investigated for its endophytic diversity and capability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites by analyzing antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Methods: The endophytes were identified by ITS-PCR using genomic DNA samples. The secondary metabolites were extracted by solvent extraction method using ethyl acetate. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography, Total Phenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and DPPH assay, and the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by agar-well diffusion method. Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of the fungal extracts. Results: Out of 16 different Taxus trees sampled from different locations of Dhorpatan, 13 distinctive endophytic fungi were isolated and grouped into 9 different genera: Bjerkandera, Trichoderma, Preussia, Botrytis, Arthrinium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Sporormiella and Daldinia. The ethyl acetate extracts isolated from three endophytic fungi: Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria brassicae showed significant TPC values of 204±6.144, 312.3±2.147 and 152.7±4.958µg GAE/mg of dry extract, respectively, and TFC values of 177.9±2.911, 644.1±4.202 and 96.38±3.851µg RE/mg of dry extract, respectively. Furthermore, these three extracts showed a dose dependent radical scavenging activity with IC50 concentration of 22.85, 22.15 and 23.001 µg/ml, respectively. The extracts of C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae also showed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250μg/ml for all bacteria. Both the samples showed cytotoxic property against shrimp nauplii with LC50 of 104.2 and 125.9µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The crude fungal extracts obtained from endophytes: A. alternata, C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae upon purification and further identification of the bioactive compounds can be a fascinating source for novel pharmaceutical agents.
Cechy dialektyczne "Szczytu dusznego" z 1528 r. (modlitewnik Olbrachta Gasztołda)
Authors: Osiewicz Marek 
Published: May 2020

DIALECTAL FEATURES OF "SZCZYT DUSZNY" FROM 1528 (OLBRACHT GASZTOŁD’S PRAYER BOOK)
The aim of the article is to establish the dialectal provenance of Szczyt duszny (‘Spiritual shield’), a Polish translation of a collection of Latin prayers (Clipeus spiritualis) that was included in the handwritten prayer book of Olbracht Gasztołd from 1528. The analysis shows that the language of the text contains features of the Lesser Polish dialect. It should also be noted that the language of Szczyt duszny is very orderly, and does not contain flagrantly vernacular features of Lesser Poland (mazurzenie, forms such as tkory, szwytko, na nogak). These features are probably due to the copyist of the text and the purpose of the prayer book (the owner of the prayer book was the Great Lithuanian Chancellor).
Z etymologii łemkowskich. Cz. V
Authors: Fałowski Adam , Hojsak Wiktoria 
Published: May 2020

LEMKO ETYMOLOGIES: PART 5
The present paper is the fifth part in the Lemko etymologies series; analysed in it are words beginning with letters Л, М, Н, О: ластівниця, люштати, лябати, лябдати, лянкорити ся, маляґа, маранча, масеса, маскати, мджурити, медера, металец, микытаня, м(л)юзґра, молиґати, мocур, мотлочыти, муцикы, нарабяти, нарубы, нахыр, нездобачкы, непек, ніверити, нозгри/нозґрі, нютер, обатурити ся, обгартати, обтавкати, одкырхнути ся, одразити, одчезнути, озниця, окара, окрясти, осуга, отлак. Authors attempt to establish the origin of those words, taking into account data from etymological, historical, and dialectal dictionaries of Slavic languages and dialects, as well as from the neighbouring non-Slavic languages, thereby outlining a broad comparative background. They propose additions and corrections to previous etymological findings regarding some of the discussed words.
U źródeł polskiej terminologii logopedycznej. W kierunku badań anagnostycznych
Authors: Horyń Ewa , Olma Marceli , Michalik Mirosław 
Published: May 2020

AT THE SOURCES OF POLISH LOGOPEDIC TERMINOLOGY: TOWARDS ANAGNOSTIC RESESARCH
The paper is a preliminary presentation of the concept of a research project Diachronic Aspects of Polish Logopedic Terminology, carried out by members of the Department of Polish Language of the Pedagogical University in Cracow. The multiauthored study briefly characterizes the beginnings of speech therapy as an independent scientific discipline, and the directions of its development in the past 50 years. It draws attention to the deficiencies and inconsistencies in the usage and understanding of specialist terms in contemporary logopedics, while setting as the primary goal of the enterprise an attempt to standardize Polish terminology related to speech disorders. The basis for this should be the etymology of the terms in question, as well as excerpts from medical and anatomical lexicons and source materials which employ the vocabulary that became the foundation of the logopedic jargon.
MODELOS PEDAGÓGICOS EXPLÍCITOS E A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UMA PEDAGOGIA PARA BEBÊS E CRIANÇAS BEM PEQUENAS BASEADA NO BRINCAR
Authors: De Oliveira Alessandra Giriboni 
Published: May 2020

Resumo: Este artigo discute os modelos pedagógicos considerados explícitos a partir das cinco características de uma pedagogia de qualidade na creche enunciadas por Araújo (2014; ARAÚJO; MONTEIRO, 2017) representados pela Abordagem Pikler (2010; FALK, 2011) e seu conceito do brincar livre, pelos pressupostos de Goldschmied e Jackson (2006) no brincar heurístico acrescido de contribuições de Kishimoto (1993, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013) e Rossetti-Ferreira (2004, 2006) relativas ao brincar dos bebês e à formação dos professores na creche como possibilidade de rede de significação na construção de uma pedagogia para bebês e crianças bem pequenas
Improvement of Seismic Images of Complex Tectonic Structure in Deep Water with Research-Level Processing Sequences
Authors: Miller John , Huene Roland von 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In multichannel seismic reflection record sections, clear imaging is accomplished largely by processing. The data acquired across ocean trenches, where water is from 5 to 8 km deep, the sea floor is irregular, and the geology is complex, must be processed with procedures not commonly used on data from the adjacent continental shelf. We have experimented to develop better processing with data from the eastern Aleutian Trench. One record is used here to illustrate the improvement possible. It contains a complex faulted fold at the base of the slope, and processing is made difficult by the opposing dips of faults and by the changing vergence of folds (Figure 2.1). Careful velocity analysis and a special processing sequence are needed to image the velocity-sensitive areas of these data. In our experience, clear imaging of complex structures is assured only when each step in the processing sequence is accompanied by an appropriate level of velocity analysis. Here we show the difference in imaging a complex structure in the spectrum between first-level or production processing and research-level processing.
Ring-shaped microstructured chalcogenide optical fiber for octave-spanning flat-top mid-infrared supercontinuum generation
Authors: Huang Chunlei , Bi Wanjun , Zheng Biao , Zhang Cheng , Wang Jun , Zheng Shupei 
Published: May 2020

Broadband flat-top mid-infrared supercontinuum (SC) generation in optical fibers is of great interest for many applications. Here, we designed a microstructured chalcogenide optical fiber composed of hexagonal rings. By optimizing the structure parameters, it is demonstrated that the fiber is characterized by an all-normal dispersion profile. Numerical simulation results show that the generated SC spectrum with intensity above

−

3

d
B

ranges from 3450 nm to 8015 nm corresponding to more than one octave when the fiber is pumped with 150 fs pulses at 5 µm. By solving the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we investigated the influence of pump pulse parameters including pump wavelength, peak power, and pulse duration on the spectral broadening. The results turn out that the optimal pump wavelength is around 5 µm for obtaining SC spectra with sufficient flatness. High peak power and short duration enhance the spectral flatness and bandwidth. We also investigated SC generation in the optimized fiber pumped at 3 µm. The generated SC at

−

6

d
B

level covers wavelength from 1970 to 4370 nm, corresponding to more than one octave.
Subterahertz refractive flat-top beam shaping via 3D printed aspheric lens combination
Authors: Price Brad D. , Lowry Seth N. , Hartley Ian D. , Reid Matt 
Published: May 2020

The viability of 3D printed aspheric lenses for the purpose of frequency-scalable subterahertz Gaussian to flat-top beam shaping is evaluated. A cylindrical one-dimensional Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction equation was implemented in Matlab and used to design a pair of aspheric lenses with customized vertex radius of curvature and conic constant. The lenses were printed at maximum possible resolution in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (

n
=
1.6

) and tested with a 102 GHz continuous-wave subterahertz source. The aspheric lens combination produced a flat-top profile from a low-quality incident Gaussian beam at the minimal cost of 3D printing substrate. The flat-top profile exhibited small (

<

14
%

root-mean-square deviation over a flat region) intensity fluctuations and is expected to prove useful in future terahertz applications that require a high degree of beam uniformity.
Metallic metamaterial terahertz sensors for simultaneous measurement of temperature and refractive index
Authors: Wang Gangqi , Lang Tingting , Hong Zhi 
Published: May 2020

A new type of sensor based on metamaterials, consisting of an array of metal rings on a quartz substrate, is proposed to measure temperature and refractive index simultaneously. Simulations of the transmission spectrum show two dips, both of which vary with the refractive index and temperature of the environment. The sensitivities of the two dips to refractive index are 67.9 GHz/RIU and 142.76 GHz/RIU, respectively, and to temperature are 6.35 MHz/K and 7.14 MHz/K, respectively. These small, highly sensitive sensors have wide application prospects as physical, biological, and chemical sensors. They simultaneously measure temperature and refractive index in the terahertz band.