bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo genome assembly and Hi-C analysis reveal an association between chromatin architecture alterations and sex differentiation in the woody plant Jatropha curcas
Authors: Chen Mao-Sheng , Niu Longjian , Zhao Mei-Li , Xu Chuanjia , Pan Bang-Zhen , Fu Qiantang , Tao Yan-Bin , He Huiying , Hou Chunhui , Xu Zeng-Fu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Chromatin architecture is an essential factor regulating gene transcription in different cell types and developmental phases. However, studies on chromatin architecture in perennial woody plants and on the function of chromatin organization in sex determination have not been reported.

Results
Here, we produced a chromosome-scale de novo genome assembly of the woody plant Jatropha curcas with a total length of 379.5 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 30.7 Mb using Pacific Biosciences long reads combined with genome-wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology. Based on this high-quality reference genome, we detected chromatin architecture differences between monoecious and gynoecious inflorescence buds of Jatropha. Differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the changed A/B compartments and topologically associated domain regions and occurred preferentially in differential contact regions between monoecious and gynoecious inflorescence buds. Twelve differentially expressed genes related to flower development or hormone synthesis displayed significantly different genomic interaction patterns in monoecious and gynoecious inflorescence buds. These results demonstrate that chromatin organization participates in the regulation of gene transcription during the process of sex differentiation in Jatropha.

Conclusions
We have revealed the features of chromatin architecture in perennial woody plants and investigated the possible function of chromatin organization in Jatropha sex differentiation. These findings will facilitate understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of sex determination in higher plants.
Estimation of Discrimination Errors in the Technique for Determining the Geographic Origin of Onions by Mineral Composition: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Ariyama Kaoru , Kadokura Masashi , Suzuki Tadanao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Techniques to determine the geographic origin of foods have been developed for various agricultural and fishery products, and they have used various principles. Some of these techniques are already in use for checking the authenticity of the labeling. Many are based on multielement analysis and chemometrics. We have developed such a technique to determine the geographic origin of onions (Allium cepa L.). This technique, which determines whether an onion is from outside Japan, is designed for onions labeled as having a geographic origin of Hokkaido, Hyogo, or Saga, the main onion production areas in Japan. However, estimations of discrimination errors for this technique have not been fully conducted; they have been limited to those for discrimination models and do not include analytical errors. Interlaboratory studies were conducted to estimate the analytical errors of the technique. Four collaborators each determined 11 elements (Na, Mg, P, Mn, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Cs, and Ba) in 4 test materials of fresh and dried onions. Discrimination errors in this technique were estimated by summing (1) individual differences within lots, (2) variations between lots from the same production area, and (3) analytical errors. The discrimination errors for onions from Hokkaido, Hyogo, and Saga were estimated to be 2.3, 9.5, and 8.0, respectively. Those for onions from abroad in determinations targeting Hokkaido, Hyogo, and Saga were estimated to be 28.2, 21.6, and 21.9, respectively.
Pure Fibrocystic Change Diagnosed at MRI-guided Vacuum-assisted Breast Biopsy: Imaging Features and Follow-up Outcomes
Authors: Chen Shu-Tian , Okamoto Satoko , Daniel Bruce L , Covelli James , DeMartini Wendy B , Ikeda Debra M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Fibrocystic change (FCC) is considered one of the most common benign findings in the breast and may be commonly seen on breast MRI. We performed this study to identify MRI characteristics of pure FCC on MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) without other associated pathologies and describe the findings on MRI follow-up and outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed for 598 lesions undergoing 9-gauge MRI-guided VABB at our institution from January 2015 to April 2018, identifying 49 pure FCC lesions in 43 patients. The associations between variables and lesion changes on follow-up MRI were analyzed using exact Mann-Whitney tests and Fisher’s exact tests.

Results
MRI features of pure FCC are predominantly clumped nonmass enhancement (19/49, 39%) or irregular masses with initial fast/late washout kinetics (9/49, 18%). There was no upgrade to high-risk or cancerous lesions among the 11 patients (25.6%) who underwent surgery. There were 22 pure FCC lesions in 19 (44.2%) patients who had follow-up MRI (mean 18.0 months, range 11–41 months) showing regression (13, 59%), stability (8, 36%), or progression (1, 5%) of the lesion size, and no cancers were found on follow-up at the site of the MRI biopsy for fibrocystic changes. No patient demographics or lesion features were associated with lesion regression or stability (P &gt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Our study shows that MRI features of VABB-proven FCC lesions may mimic malignancy. After VABB of pure FCC, given that adequate sampling has been performed, a 12-month follow-up MRI may be reasonable.
Forests and Water Yield: A Synthesis of Disturbance Effects on Streamflow and Snowpack in Western Coniferous Forests
Authors: Goeking Sara A , Tarboton David G 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAbstractIn coniferous western forests, recent widespread tree mortality provided opportunities to test the long-held theory that forest cover loss increases water yield. We reviewed 78 studies of hydrologic response to standing-replacing (severe wildfire, harvest) or nonstand-replacing (drought, insects, low-severity wildfire) disturbances, and reassessed the question: Does water yield or snowpack increase after forest disturbance? Collective results indicate that postdisturbance streamflow and snowpack may increase, not change, or even decrease, and illuminate factors that may help improve predictability of hydrologic response to disturbance. Contrary to the expectation that tree mortality reduces evapotranspiration, making more water available as runoff, postdisturbance evapotranspiration sometimes increased—particularly following nonstand-replacing disturbance—because of (a) increased evaporation resulting from higher subcanopy radiation, and (b) increased transpiration resulting from rapid postdisturbance growth. Postdisturbance hydrologic response depends on vegetation structure, climate, and topography, and new hypotheses continue to be formulated and tested in this rapidly evolving discipline.
Correlates of Awareness and Use of Heated Tobacco Products in a Sample of US Young Adults in 2018–2019
Authors: Dunbar Michael S , Seelam Rachana , Tucker Joan S , Rodriguez Anthony , Shih Regina A , D’Amico Elizabeth J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco companies have devoted increased resources in recent years to developing and marketing heated tobacco products (HTPs) as alternatives to combustible products like cigarettes. However, little is known about correlates of awareness and use of these products in American young adults.

Methods
Two thousand four hundred ninety-seven young adults (mean age = 21.6) completed survey items on HTP awareness and lifetime use in 2018–2019. Logistic regression models compared young adults who were (1) unaware of HTPs (reference group) with those who were, (2) aware of HTPs, and (3) had ever used HTPs on demographic, tobacco, and other substance use characteristics. Among current smokers, these groups were compared on cigarette use, dependence, and readiness to quit.

Results
Approximately 12% of respondents (n = 293) were aware of HTPs, and 5% (n = 134) reported lifetime HTP use. Controlling for demographics, HTP awareness and use were both associated with greater use of all types of tobacco products, number of different tobacco products, and use of marijuana and other drugs. Among current smokers, HTP awareness and use correlated with heavier cigarette consumption, greater dependence, and past-month marijuana use, but not with recent quit attempts or thinking about quitting cigarettes.

Conclusions
Awareness and use of HTPs among young adults were associated with greater use of tobacco products and other substances and, among current smokers, with greater cigarette dependence (but not cessation-related factors). As these products become increasingly available in the United States, additional surveillance and monitoring activities are needed to better understand use patterns, consequences, and reasons for using HTPs.

Implications
Few studies have examined factors associated with awareness and use of heated tobacco products (HTPs) among US young adults. HTP awareness and lifetime use correlated with a range of factors, including male gender, white race/ethnicity, and tobacco and other substance use. Lifetime use of HTPs was low (5%); most lifetime HTP users reported history of other tobacco use, but a sizeable minority (14%) reported no other tobacco product use history. Among current cigarette smokers, cigarette dependence, poly-tobacco use, and marijuana use—but not cigarette cessation attempts or contemplation—were associated with greater likelihood of awareness and use of HTPs.
Benign lymph node microenvironment is associated with response to immunotherapy
Authors: Toki Maria I , Kumar Deepika , Ahmed Fahad S , Rimm David L , Xu Mina L 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionBenign lymph nodes have been considered the hubs of immune surveillance in cancer patients. The microenvironment of these lymphoid tissues can be immune suppressed, hence allowing for tumor progression. Understanding the spectrum of benign findings in bystander lymph nodes in immune checkpoint blockade therapy could prove to be key to understanding the mechanism and assessing treatment response.MethodsBenign lymph nodes and spleen were evaluated from patients treated with immunotherapy who subsequently received postmortem examination. We used quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) to assess tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and macrophage marker expression and characterized activation status using a novel multiplexed QIF assay including CD3, GranzymeB, and Ki67. We performed immunohistochemistry to correlate results of QIF.ResultsBenign lymph nodes from non-responders to immunotherapy showed significantly higher expression of cytotoxic markers and proliferation index (Ki67) in T cells compared to responders. Higher expression of PD-L1 in macrophages was also observed. There was no significant difference in CD3+ expression, but higher levels of CD8+ T cells as well as CD20+ B cells were seen in lymph nodes of non-responders. No significant differences were seen between responder and non-responder splenic tissue. Findings were supported by traditional immunostaining methods.ConclusionsWhile most studies in biomarkers for immunotherapy focus on tumor microenvironment, we show that benign lymph node microenvironment may predict response to immunotherapy. In responding patients, bystander lymph nodes appear to have been mobilized, resulting in reduced cytotoxic T cells. Conversely, patients whose disease progressed on immunotherapy demonstrate higher levels of macrophages that express increased PD-L1, and activated T cells not recruited to the tumor site.
A Systematic Literature Review of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurostimulation for the Treatment of Pain
Authors: Deer Timothy R , Hunter Corey W , Mehta Pankaj , Sayed Dawood , Grider Jay S , Lamer Tim J , Pope Jason E , Falowski Steven , Provenzano David A , Esposito Michael F , Slavin Konstantin V , Baranidharan Ganesan , Russo Marc , Jassal Navdeep S , Mogilner Alon Y , Kapural Leo , Verrills Paul , Amirdelfan Kasra , McRoberts W Porter , Harned Michael E , Chapman Kenneth B , Liem Liong , Carlson Jonathan D , Yang Ajax , Aiyer Rohit , Antony Ajay , Fishman Michael A , Al-Kaisy Adnan A , Christelis Nick , Levy Robert M , Mekhail Nagy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a systematic literature review of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation for pain.DesignGrade the evidence for DRG stimulation.MethodsAn international, interdisciplinary work group conducted a literature search for DRG stimulation. Abstracts were reviewed to select studies for grading. General inclusion criteria were prospective trials (randomized controlled trials and observational studies) that were not part of a larger or previously reported group. Excluded studies were retrospective, too small, or existed only as abstracts. Studies were graded using the modified Interventional Pain Management Techniques–Quality Appraisal of Reliability and Risk of Bias Assessment, the Cochrane Collaborations Risk of Bias assessment, and the US Preventative Services Task Force level-of-evidence criteria.ResultsDRG stimulation has Level II evidence (moderate) based upon one high-quality pivotal randomized controlled trial and two lower-quality studies.ConclusionsModerate-level evidence supports DRG stimulation for treating chronic focal neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome.
Framework for a novel mixed analytical/numerical approach for the computation of two-loop N-point Feynman diagrams
Authors: Guillet J Ph , Pilon E , Shimizu Y , Zidi M S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A framework to represent and compute two-loop $N$-point Feynman diagrams as double-integrals is discussed. The integrands are “generalised one-loop type” multi-point functions multiplied by simple weighting factors. The final integrations over these two variables are to be performed numerically, whereas the ingredients involved in the integrands, in particular the “generalised one-loop type” functions, are computed analytically. The idea is illustrated on a few examples of scalar three- and four-point functions.
Exotic branes and mixed-symmetry potentials. I. Predictions from E11 symmetry
Authors: Fernández-Melgarejo José J , Sakatani Yuho , Uehara Shozo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Type II string theory or M-theory contains a broad spectrum of gauge potentials. In addition to the standard $p$-form potentials, various mixed-symmetry potentials have been predicted, which may couple to exotic branes with non-standard tensions. Together with $p$-forms, mixed-symmetry potentials turn out to be essential to build the multiplets of the $U$-duality symmetry in each dimension. In this paper, we systematically determine the set of mixed-symmetry potentials and exotic branes on the basis of the $E_{11}$ conjecture. We also study the decompositions of $U$-duality multiplets into $T$-duality multiplets and determine which mixed-symmetry tensors are contained in each of the $U$-/$T$-duality multiplets.
Human Capital and Macroeconomic Development: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Rossi Federico 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The role of human capital in facilitating macroeconomic development is at the center of both academic and policy debates. Through the lens of a simple aggregate production function, human capital might increase output per capita by directly entering in the production process, incentivizing the accumulation of complementary inputs, and facilitating the adoption of new technologies. This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of three approaches that have been used to evaluate the empirical importance of these channels: cross-country regressions, development accounting, and quantitative models. The key findings in the literature are reviewed and some of them are replicated using updated data. The bulk of the evidence suggests that human capital is an important determinant of cross-country income gaps, especially when its measurement is broadened to go beyond simple proxies of educational attainment. The paper concludes by highlighting policy implications and promising avenues for future work.
Preeclampsia and the anaesthesiologist: current management
Authors: Russell Robin 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of review
Preeclampsia remains an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Recent interest in angiogenic biomarkers as a prognostic indicator is reviewed, together with analgesic, anaesthetic and critical-care management of the preeclamptic patient.

Recent findings
There has been recent interest in the angiogenic biomarkers placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 in establishing the diagnosis of preeclampsia and guiding its management. Neuraxial blocks are recommended for both labour and operative delivery if not contraindicated by thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy, although a safe lower limit for platelet numbers has not been established. For spinal hypotension phenylephrine is noninferior to ephedrine in preeclamptic parturients and may offer some benefits. When general anaesthesia is required, efforts must be made to blunt the hypertensive response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Transthoracic echocardiography has emerged as useful technique to monitor maternal haemodynamics in preeclampsia.

Summary
Improvements in the diagnosis of preeclampsia may lead to better outcomes for mothers and babies. Peripartum care requires a multidisciplinary team approach with many preeclamptic women receiving neuraxial analgesia or anaesthesia. Women with severe preeclampsia may require critical-care support and this should meet the same standards afforded to other acutely unwell patients.
Expression of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Human Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Yamada Junichi , Akeda Koji , Sano Tomohiko , Iwasaki Tatsuya , Takegami Norihiko , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses by the human intervertebral disc (IVD) cells and tissues.

Objective.
To examine the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptors, GDNF family receptor (GFR) α1 and rearranged during transfection (RET) in the human IVD cells and the tissues with the early and advanced stages of degeneration.

Summary of Background Data.
The neurotrophin family, including nerve growth factor, has been reported to be expressed in the IVDs and plays a role in hyperalgesia and neuronal sensitization. Despite having properties similar to the nerve growth factor, the expression of GDNF in the IVD remains unknown.

Methods.
Human IVD cells were cultured in monolayer. Immunohistochemical analyses and western blotting were performed to examine the protein levels of GDNF and its receptors. To examine the effect of proinflammatory cytokines, cells were cultured in the presence of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The immunohistochemical expression of these proteins was also evaluated using human IVD tissues with different stages of degeneration.

Results.
Immunofluorescent reactivity against anti-GDNF, GFRα1, and RET antibodies was identified in human IVD cells. In protein extracts from IVD cells, those protein expressions were also identified by Western blot. IL-1β significantly stimulated the mRNA expression of GDNF compared with that of the control group. There was no significant effect of IL-1β on the mRNA expression of GFRα1 and RET. The percentage of GDNF-immunopositive cells in advanced degenerated discs was significantly higher than that in early degenerated discs, whereas those of GFRα1 and RET showed no significant differences.

Conclusions.
GDNF and its receptors were constitutively expressed in the human IVD cells. GDNF expression was significantly enhanced by proinflammatory stimuli, and in the microenvironment with advanced tissue degeneration.

Level of Evidence: N/A.
Disinfection by-product exposures and the risk of musculoskeletal birth defects
Authors: Kaufman John A. , Wright J. Michael , Evans Amanda , Rivera-Núñez Zorimar , Meyer Amy , Narotsky Michael G. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure to water disinfection by-products (DBPs) may increase the risk of certain birth defects. However, evidence for musculoskeletal defects (MSDs) is limited. Previous MSD studies have not examined DBPs beyond trihalomethanes (THMs) and have not separately examined limb or diaphragm defects which may have distinct developmental etiologies.

Methods:
We calculated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) in a registry-based case-control study of birth defects in Massachusetts with complete quarterly 1999–2004 data on four THMs and five haloacetic acids (HAAs). We matched 10 controls each to 187 MSD cases based on week of conception. Weight-averaged town-level first-trimester DBP exposures were individually assigned based on residence at birth. We adjusted THM models for exposure to the sum of five HAAs (HAA5), and HAA models for the sum of four THMs (THM4).

Results:
We detected positive exposure-response associations for all grouped MSDs with THM4 quintiles (aOR range: 1.90–3.18) and chloroform quartiles (aOR range: 1.30–2.21), and for reduction of upper or lower limbs with chloroform quartiles (aOR range: 2.39–3.52). We detected elevated aORs for diaphragmatic hernia with DBP9 (sum of THM4 and HAA5), and chloroform and bromodichloromethane tertiles and an exposure-response relationship for THM4 tertiles (aOR range: 1.67–1.80).

Conclusion:
This is the first epidemiologic study to examine HAAs in relation to MSDs. Given the indirect nature of our exposure assessment data and small case numbers, the exposure-response relationships that we detected for THM4 and chloroform warrant further investigation.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Meropenem in Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury Treated With Continuous Hemodiafiltration
Authors: Niibe Yoko , Suzuki Tatsuya , Yamazaki Shingo , Suzuki Takaaki , Takahashi Nozomi , Hattori Noriyuki , Nakada Taka-aki , Oda Shigeto , Ishii Itsuko 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The aim of this study was to conduct a population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of meropenem and to explore the optimal dosing strategy for meropenem in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury receiving treatment with continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF).

Methods:
Blood samples were obtained on days 1, 2, and 5 after the start of meropenem administration, immediately before dosing, and at 1, 2, 6, and 8 hours after dosing. Population PK model analysis was performed and concentration-time profiles were simulated using the Nonlinear Mixed Effects Model software.

Results:
Twenty-one patients receiving CHDF in our intensive care unit were enrolled and 350 serum concentration–time data points were obtained. The PKs of meropenem were best described using a 2-compartment model. Typical total and intercompartmental clearance values were 4.22 L/h and 7.84 L/h, respectively, whereas the central and peripheral compartment volumes of distribution were 14.82 L and 11.75 L, respectively. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was identified as a significant covariate of meropenem total clearance. In simulations of patients with renal failure receiving CHDF, the dose was affected by estimated glomerular filtration rate; a dose of 0.5 g every 8 hours or 1 g every 12 hours showed the probability of target attainment of achieving 100% time above the minimum inhibitory concentration for bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration ≤2 mg/L.

Conclusions:
A population PK model was developed for meropenem in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury receiving CHDF. Our results indicated that a meropenem dosage of 0.5 g every 8 hours or 1 g every 12 hours was suitable in this population and for susceptible bacteria.