bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Benzofuran‐Derived Azadienes with 3‐Substituted indoles
Authors: Zhou Ji , Li Tian‐Zhen , Sun Yu‐Wen , Du Bai‐Xiang , Tan Wei , Shi Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐addition of benzofuran‐derived azadienes with 3‐substituted indoles has been established, which offered enantioenriched tri(hetero)arylmethane products in generally good yields (up to 98 %) and high enantioselectivities (up to 99 : 1 er). This reaction has not only realized the application of chiral phosphoric acid as a competent catalyst in the asymmetric transformations of benzofuran‐derived azadienes, but also has accomplished the task of developing chiral Brønsted acid‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐additions of benzofuran‐derived azadienes, which will enrich the research contents of chiral phosphoric acid catalysis and the chemistry of benzofuran‐derived azadienes.
Gadolinium Complexes Attached to Poly Ethoxy Ethyl Glycinamide (PEE‐G) Dendrons: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents with Increased Relaxivity
Authors: Shrestha Rinu , Teesdale‐Spittle Paul H. , Lewis Andrew R. , Rendle Phillip M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA range of poly ethoxy ethyl glycinamide (PEE−G) dendron scaffolds with gadolinium (III) complexes attached were synthesized with a focus on product purity and high Gd(III) loading. The nuclear magnetic resonance relaxivity of these products was measured and compared with commercially available low‐molecular‐weight magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. Over twice the relaxivity based on Gd(III) concentration, and up to 20‐fold increase in relaxivity were observed based on molecular concentration. Relaxivity properties were observed to increase with both increasing molecular weight and number of Gd(III) complexes attached, however a plateau was reached for molecular weight increase. T1 and T2 relaxivity properties were also investigated at two different magnetic fields. Transverse relaxivity is unaffected by magnetic field strength whereas increase in longitudinal relaxivity was not as pronounced at the higher field.
Design and analysis of a switched‐capacitor DC‐DC converter with variable conversion ratio
Authors: Vosoughi Kurdkandi Naser , Farhadi Masoud , Babaei Ebrahim , Ghavidel Pedram 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn order to increase the low voltage of renewable energy systems to a relatively high bus voltage for the downstream DC‐AC grid‐connected inverter, a new DC‐DC switched‐capacitor converter with the potential of output voltage regulation is proposed. The operational principles, with regard to the specific switching conditions, are provided the relationships for the parameter design and efficiency calculation. The topology makes it possible to integrate the high voltage gain and excellent output regulation that open a huge area of applications and create the possibility of maximum power point tracking (MPPT), which is an important advantage of proposed structure. Moreover, the most important advantages of the proposed structure are continuous input current, variety of the DC voltage source values, and the cost of the converter in comparison with the conventional structures. A comparison with other similar structures is given to show the merits of the proposed topology. Finally, the experimental results are presented to clarify the theory and feasibility of the proposed converter.
Cytologic features of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: Highlighting the diagnostic clues
Authors: Velamala Pavani , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Radotra Bishan Dass , Rajwanshi Arvind 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAngiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is an uncommon, benign, inflammatory disorder involving the skin and microvasculature with an undetermined etiopathogenesis. Although the histopathology is well‐characterized, the cytologic features of this entity have been rarely described in literature. This study was conducted to describe in detail the cytomorphologic features of ALHE and to identify the characteristic features that can help in establishing a correct diagnosis of this entity. This was a retrospective study conducted over a period of 3 years, wherein the corresponding cytologic smears of histopathologically diagnosed cases of ALHE were retrieved and reviewed. All the cytologic features were recorded to identify characteristic features that can be used to differentiate ALHE from other cytologic mimics. On histopathologic examination, 15 cases were reported as ALHE. Corresponding cytologic samples were available for three cases. All the three cases were males who were 21, 22 and 52 years old, respectively. The sites of the swellings were scalp, orbital and preauricular. The most consistent cytologic findings were the presence of eosinophilia, scattered plump endothelial cells and a reactive lymphoid background. We believe that a thorough cytologic examination for the presence of plump to spindle‐shaped cells in smears with eosinophilia and reactive lymphoid tissue, can help in reaching to a cytologic diagnosis of ALHE in suspected cases.
Impacts of pollution, fishing pressure, and reef rugosity on resource fish biomass in West Hawaii
Authors: Foo Shawna A. , Walsh William J. , Lecky Joey , Marcoux Stacia , Asner Gregory P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman activities and land‐use drivers combine in complex ways to affect coral reef health and, in turn, the diversity and abundance of reef fauna. Here we examine the impacts of different marine protected area (MPA) types, and various human and habitat drivers, on resource fish functional groups (i.e., total fish, herbivore, grazer, scraper, and browser biomass) along the 180 km west coast of Hawaii Island. Across survey years from 2008 to 2018, we observed an overall decrease in total fish biomass of 45%, with similar decreases in biomass seen across most fish functional groups. MPAs that prohibited a combination of lay nets, aquarium collection, and spear fishing were most effective in maintaining and/or increasing fish biomass across all functional groups. We also found that pollution, fishing, and habitat drivers all contributed to changes in total fish biomass, where the most negative impact was nitrogen input from land‐based sewage disposal. Fish biomass relationships with our study drivers depended on fish functional grouping. For surgeonfish (grazers), changes in biomass linked most strongly to changes in reef rugosity. For parrotfish (scrapers), biomass was better explained by changes in commercial catch where current commercial fishing levels are negatively affecting scraper populations. Our observations suggest that regional management of multiple factors, including habitat, pollution, and fisheries, will benefit resource fish biomass off Hawaii Island.
Mechanistic Analysis of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Pt in HClO4 Using Inverted Rotating Disc Electrode
Authors: Saibi R , Punathil Meethal Ranjith , Srinivasan Ramanathan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn inverted rotating disc electrode (IRDE) setup was fabricated to study the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on a Pt electrode. Potentiodynamic polarization studies were conducted in solutions from 5 to 100 mM HClO4 on Pt at three different rotational speeds. Periodic anodic activation of the electrode yielded repeatable results. At high currents, bubble formation adversely affects current measurement in the rotating disc electrode, but not in IRDE. At large cathodic overpotentials, HER current in IRDE is limited by the mass transfer of H+ ions. Simulations show that the polarization results of HER on Pt IRDE are described well by the Volmer Heyrovsky mechanism.
Preservation of the last aggradation phase in climate‐driven terraces: Evidence from Late Quaternary reach‐specific fluvial dynamics of the Allier River (France)
Authors: Veldkamp A. , Schoorl J.M. , Claessens L. , Temme A.J.A.M. , Broers A.G.M. , van Orsouw T.L. , Voesten M.T.C.M. , Reimann T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is limited knowledge about the preservation of aggradation phases in Quaternary fluvial records. Previous numerical modelling of erosion and deposition in Late Quaternary Allier River (France) generated the prediction that this river has reach‐specific fluvial dynamics related to climate‐driven tributary sediment‐flux dynamics. To test this prediction, new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples were collected of the Late Quaternary Fx terrace at five locations along a stretch of 60 km. OSL dates of both quartz and feldspar sand grains indicate that all relatively basalt‐poor sediments display significantly different ages for each reach (ranging from 36.3 ± 2.0 to 21.1 ± 2.3 ka). The more basalt‐rich terrace body consistently yields ages in the range 21.1 ± 1.7 to 16.1 ± 1.5 ka, suggesting contemporaneous aggradation along the whole studied Allier reach during this interval. Our own new OSL date of a Tartaret eruption around 16.8 ± 2.5 ka also fits this time window, suggesting a direct link with volcanic activity. However, there are many more dated volcanic events that coincide with the older basalt‐poor units, making it less likely that a direct link between terrace‐sediment basalt content and volcanic activity exists. The timings of the dated depositional events in MIS 3 and 2 all match with simulated climate drivers and published landscape erosion rates. Counterintuitively, the volcanic Chaîne des Puys area supplied more sediment during the cold and dry Last Glacial Maximum. Basalt content in the Allier terrace sediments reflects climate‐related sediment‐flux dynamics upstream. The scarcity of older basalt‐poor sediment bodies from MIS 4 and 3 in the Fx terrace suggests that less sediment was supplied and/or the intermittent erosional phases in the Allier were very effective at removing them. We hypothesize that this observation of predominant preservation of the last aggradation phase could be a common phenomenon in most climate‐driven terraces. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Clinical utility of mild cognitive impairment subtypes and number of impaired cognitive domains at predicting progression to dementia: A 20‐year retrospective study
Authors: Glynn Kevin , O'Callaghan Michael , Hannigan Oisin , Bruce Irene , Gibb Mathew , Coen Robert , Green Elaine , A Lawlor Brian , Robinson David 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the utility of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes and number of impaired cognitive domains on initial assessment at predicting progression to dementia in a sample of memory clinic patients over a 20‐year period.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of those presenting to a memory clinic with MCI from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2018 inclusive. Those with MCI were broken down into one of the four subtypes using recommended cut‐off scores on the Cambridge Cognitive Assessment (CAMCOG). Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the utility of MCI subtypes and number of impaired cognitive domains as predictors for dementia.ResultsOverall 1188 individuals with MCI diagnosis were identified, with 378 (32%) progressing to dementia, with median [range] time to diagnosis of 2 years [1‐8.4]. Six hundred and forty‐nine (55%) were identified as amnestic MCI and 539 (45%) as non‐amnestic MCI. Amnestic MCI was a significant predictor of progression compared to non‐amnestic MCI (OR = 1.85, df = 1, P < .001). Number of cognitive domains impaired was also a significant predictor of progression to dementia (OR = 1.07, df = 1, P = .01) but the single‐/multi‐domain distinction was not (OR = 1.29, df = 1, P = .36).ConclusionThis study shows that approximately 32% of those diagnosed with MCI in a memory clinic progressed to dementia, with a median time to progression of 2 years. Those with amnestic MCI are almost twice as likely to progress to dementia than non‐amnestic MCI and that therefore this is a useful distinction. However, the utility of the single‐ and multi‐domain MCI distinction is called into question by our findings.
Blood pressure, antihypertensive medication and neuropsychiatric symptoms in older people with dementia: The COSMOS study
Authors: de Jong‐Schmit Bianca E. M. , Poortvliet Rosalinde K. E. , Böhringer Stefan , Bogaerts Jonathan M. K. , Achterberg Wilco P. , Husebo Bettina S. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are very common in older patients with dementia. There is increasing evidence that hypoperfusion of the brain plays a role in the development of NPS. The aim of this study is to assess whether there is an association between low systolic blood pressure (SBP) and NPS and if NPS are more prevalent in older people with dementia using antihypertensive medication.MethodsWe studied the baseline data from participants in the Communication, Systematic pain treatment, Medication review, Organized activities and Safety study, a multicenter clustered trial with 765 participants from 72 nursing home units from 37 nursing homes in Norway. SBP (lowest quartile vs rest) and use of antihypertensive medication were predictors and Neuropsychiatric Inventory—Nursing Home version (NPI‐NH) score (total and clusters) was the outcome. Missing data were imputed, except for missing data in predictors. We used a mixed model analysis adjusted for age, sex and Minimal Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. In a sensitivity analysis, continuous SBP values were used.ResultsIn total, 412 patients were included with a mean age of 86.9 years, 53.9% had a MMSE score of <11. There was no difference in total NPI‐NH score between low and high SBP (difference −1.07, Pdj = 0.62). There was no difference between high and low SBP and the NPI clusters. The use of antihypertensive medication was not associated with a different total or cluster NPI‐NH score compared to no use (difference −0.99, Padj = 0.95, Pall = 0.37‐0.99, respectively). In the sensitivity analyses with the continuous SBP levels, there was no association between SBP and NPI‐NH score (estimate 1.00, 95%CI 0.98‐1.01, P = 0.25).ConclusionWe found no association between low SBP and NPS, nor between antihypertensive use and NPS.
Association between elder abuse and telomere shortening in older adults: A 2‐year prospective study
Authors: Fang Boye , Yan Elsie , Tung Keith , Liu Zuyun , Ip Patrick 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundsElder abuse is a public health issue associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Its impact on victims' health at the cellular level, however, remains unknown. This study assessed the association between abuse exposure and shortening of telomere length (TL), a promising molecular marker for biological aging, in older victims.SettingThe geriatric departments of three Grade‐A hospitals in the People's Republic of China (PRC).ParticipantsSix hundred Chinese older adults, including 300 abused victims and 300 non‐abused controls were randomly drawn respectively from a larger sample of 467 abused and 518 non‐abused older adults recruited at baseline. Participants were assessed for physical and psychological abuse exposure at baseline between September 2015 and February 2016 and assessed for TL 2 years after the abuse assessment.MeasurementsTL was quantified using a quantitative PCR method and expressed as T/S ratio (the ratio of telomere repeat copy numbers to single‐copy gene numbers). Physical and psychological abuse was measured using the Revised Conflicts Tactics Scale.ResultsAdjusting for demographic, medical, and behavioral confounders, physical and psychological abuse exposure at baseline were independently associated with shorter TL at follow‐up. The association was the most significant between multiple forms of abuse (physical and psychological) exposure and shorter TL.ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence on the relationship between abuse and shortened TL in older victims, implying the potential effect of elder abuse on accelerated cellular aging. The findings suggest the importance of routinely assessing and intervening abuse in older adults by healthcare professionals, to promote and maintain physical health in older adults.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Gavis Edith A. , Fagan Andrew , Wade James B. , Thacker Leroy R. , Fuchs Michael , Patel Samarth , Davis Brian , Meador Jill , Puri Puneet , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Gillevet Patrick M. 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with microbial alterations that worsen with cirrhosis. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) could be a promising approach.

Approach and Results
In this phase 1, double‐blind, randomized clinical trial, patients with AUD‐related cirrhosis with problem drinking (AUDIT‐10 > 8) were randomized 1:1 into receiving one placebo or FMT enema from a donor enriched in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Six‐month safety was the primary outcome. Alcohol craving questionnaire, alcohol consumption (urinary ethylglucuronide/creatinine), quality of life, cognition, serum IL‐6 and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein, plasma/stool short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and stool microbiota were tested at baseline and day 15. A 6‐month follow‐up with serious adverse event (SAE) analysis was performed. Twenty patients with AUD‐related cirrhosis (65 ± 6.4 years, all men, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease 8.9 ± 2.7) with similar demographics, cirrhosis, and AUD severity were included. Craving reduced significantly in 90% of FMT versus 30% in placebo at day 15 (P = 0.02) with lower urinary ethylglucuronide/creatinine (P = 0.03) and improved cognition and psychosocial quality of life. There was reduction in serum IL‐6 and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein and increased butyrate/isobutyrate compared with baseline in FMT but not placebo. Microbial diversity increased with higher Ruminococcaceae and other SCFAs, producing taxa following FMT but not placebo, which were linked with SCFA levels. At 6 months, patients with any SAEs (8 vs. 2, P = 0.02), AUD‐related SAEs (7 vs. 1, P = 0.02), and SAEs/patient (median [interquartile range], 1.5 [1.25] vs. 0 [0.25] in FMT, P = 0.02) were higher in placebo versus FMT.

Conclusions
This phase 1 trial shows that FMT is safe and associated with short‐term reduction in alcohol craving and consumption with favorable microbial changes versus placebo in patients with alcohol‐associated cirrhosis with alcohol misuse. There was also a reduction in AUD‐related events over 6 months in patients assigned to FMT.
Soft‐tissue spectral subtraction improves transcutaneous Raman estimates of murine bone strength in vivo
Authors: Chen Keren , Massie Christine , Berger Andrew J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTranscutaneous determination of a bone's Raman spectrum is challenging because the type I collagen in the overlying soft tissue is spectroscopically identical to that in bone. In a previous transcutaneous study of murine tibiae, we developed a library‐based model called SOLD to unmix spatially offset Raman measurements into three spectra: a bone estimate, a soft tissue estimate, and a residual. Here, we demonstrate the value of combining the bone estimate and the residual to produce a “top layer subtracted” (tls) spectrum. We report superior prediction of two standard bone metrics (volumetric bone mineralization density and maximum torque) using partial least squares regression models based upon tls spectra rather than SOLD bone estimates, implying that the spectral residuals contain useful information. Simulations reinforce experimental in vivo findings. This chemometric approach, which we denote as SOLD/TLS, could have broad applicability in situations where comprehensive spectral libraries are difficult to acquire.
Calcilytic NPSP795 Increases Plasma Calcium and PTH in an Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia Type 1 Mouse Model
Authors: Hannan Fadil M , Gorvin Caroline M , Babinsky Valerie N , Olesen Mie K , Stewart Michelle , Wells Sara , Cox Roger D , Nemeth Edward F , Thakker Rajesh V 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTCalcilytics are calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) antagonists that reduce the sensitivity of the CaSR to extracellular calcium. Calcilytics have the potential to treat autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1), which is caused by germline gain‐of‐function CaSR mutations and leads to symptomatic hypocalcemia, inappropriately low PTH concentrations, and hypercalciuria. To date, only one calcilytic compound, NPSP795, has been evaluated in patients with ADH1: Doses of up to 30 mg per patient have been shown to increase PTH concentrations, but did not significantly alter ionized blood calcium concentrations. The aim of this study was to further investigate NPSP795 for the treatment of ADH1 by undertaking in vitro and in vivo studies involving Nuf mice, which have hypocalcemia in association with a gain‐of‐function CaSR mutation, Leu723Gln. Treatment of HEK293 cells stably expressing the mutant Nuf (Gln723) CaSR with 20nM NPSP795 decreased extracellular Ca2+‐mediated intracellular calcium and phosphorylated ERK responses. An in vivo dose‐ranging study was undertaken by administering a s.c. bolus of NPSP795 at doses ranging from 0 to 30 mg/kg to heterozygous (Casr+/Nuf) and to homozygous (CasrNuf/Nuf) mice, and measuring plasma PTH responses at 30 min postdose. NPSP795 significantly increased plasma PTH concentrations in a dose‐dependent manner with the 30 mg/kg dose causing a maximal (≥10‐fold) rise in PTH. To determine whether NPSP795 can rectify the hypocalcemia of Casr+/Nuf and CasrNuf/Nuf mice, a submaximal dose (25 mg/kg) was administered, and plasma adjusted‐calcium concentrations measured over a 6‐hour period. NPSP795 significantly increased plasma adjusted‐calcium in Casr+/Nuf mice from 1.87 ± 0.03 mmol/L to 2.16 ± 0.06 mmol/L, and in CasrNuf/Nuf mice from 1.70 ± 0.03 mmol/L to 1.89 ± 0.05 mmol/L. Our findings show that NPSP795 elicits dose‐dependent increases in PTH and ameliorates the hypocalcemia in an ADH1 mouse model. Thus, calcilytics such as NPSP795 represent a potential targeted therapy for ADH1. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Synthesis of calcium‐layered double hydroxide based nanohybrid for controlled release of an anti‐inflammatory drug
Authors: Abniki Milad , Moghimi Ali , Azizinejad Fariborz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe study proposed an approach for synthesis‐Layered Double Hydroxide nanoparticles by the coprecipitation method in solution containing two divalent and trivalent metal salts, calcium, and aluminum. The synthesized calcium‐layered Double Hydroxide (CAL) used for intercalating an anti‐inflammatory drug with the purpose of obtaining controlling release rate, protecting of drug from decomposition and raising the poor aqueous solubility of drug. Mefenamic acid (ME) as anti inflammatory drug was intercalated into CAL from ion‐exchange route to preparation CAL/ME nanohybrids. An increase in the space of interlayer of the (002) plane from 8.06 Å in pristine CAL to 34.51 Å in the nanohybrid confirmed successful intercalation of ME anion into CAL framework, which was ordered in a bilayer fashion with the carboxylate functional groups in the interlayer gallery of CAL. The x‐ray diffraction and FTIR study indicated that the ME was successfully intercalated into interlayer space of CAL. The chemical composition of samples was evaluated by ICP‐OES and energy‐dispersive spectrum analysis. TG analysis confirmed that the thermal stability of intercalated ME in the form of nanohybrid was enhanced. dynamic light scattering and field emission scanning electron microscopy were determined the size of CAL particles. Finally, in vitro drug release experiments of nanohybrid at a PH of 4.8 and 7.4 showed sustained release profiles with ME anions as an anti‐inflammatory model drug.