bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the divergence of first-order resonance widths at low eccentricities
Authors: Malhotra Renu , Zhang Nan 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Orbital resonances play an important role in the dynamics of planetary systems. Classical theoretical analyses found in textbooks report that libration widths of first-order mean motion resonances diverge for nearly circular orbits. Here, we examine the nature of this divergence with a non-perturbative analysis of a few first-order resonances interior to a Jupiter-mass planet. We show that a first-order resonance has two branches, the pericentric and the apocentric resonance zone. As the eccentricity approaches zero, the centres of these zones diverge away from the nominal resonance location but their widths shrink. We also report a novel finding of ‘bridges’ between adjacent first-order resonances: at low eccentricities, the apocentric libration zone of a first-order resonance smoothly connects with the pericentric libration zone of the neighbouring first-order resonance. These bridges may facilitate resonant migration across large radial distances in planetary systems, entirely in the low-eccentricity regime.
Revisiting sticking property of submillimetre-sized aggregates
Authors: Arakawa Sota 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Understanding the physical properties of dust aggregates is of great importance in planetary science. In this study, we revisited the sticking property of submillimetre-sized aggregates. We revealed that the ‘effective surface energy’ model used in previous studies underestimates the critical pulling force needed to separate two sticking aggregates. We also derived a new and simple model of the critical pulling force based on the canonical theory of two contacting spheres. Our findings indicate that we do not need to consider the ‘effective surface energy’ of dust aggregates when discussing the physical properties of loose agglomerates of submillimetre-sized aggregates.
The first simultaneous measurement of Hubble constant and post-Newtonian parameter from time-delay strong lensing
Authors: Yang Tao , Birrer Simon , Hu Bin 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Strong gravitational lensing has been a powerful probe of cosmological models and gravity. To date, constraints in either domain have been obtained separately. We propose a new methodology through which the cosmological model, specifically the Hubble constant, and post-Newtonian parameter can be simultaneously constrained. Using the time-delay cosmography from strong lensing combined with the stellar kinematics of the deflector lens, we demonstrate that the Hubble constant and post-Newtonian parameter are incorporated in two distance ratios that reflect the lensing mass and dynamical mass, respectively. Through the re-analysis of the four publicly released lenses distance posteriors from the H0LiCOW (H0 Lenses in COSMOGRAIL’s Wellspring) collaboration, the simultaneous constraints of Hubble constant and post-Newtonian parameter are obtained. Our results suggest no deviation from the general relativity; $\gamma _{\tt {PPN}}=0.87^{+0.19}_{-0.17}$ with a Hubble constant that favours the local Universe value, $H_0=73.65^{+1.95}_{-2.26}$ km s−1 Mpc−1. Finally, we forecast the robustness of gravity tests by using the time-delay strong lensing for constraints we expect in the next few years. We find that the joint constraint from 40 lenses is able to reach the order of $7.7{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the post-Newtonian parameter and $1.4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the Hubble constant.
Integrating Alternative and Augmentative Communication into Music Therapy Clinical Practice: A Clinician’s Perspective
Authors: Devlin Kerry , Meadows Anthony 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article provides an overview of Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) and discusses ways in which AAC may be integrated into music therapy clinical practice with neurodivergent children and young adults. The article begins with an overview of commonly used AAC modalities and subsequently explores their use in clinical practice through a series of vignettes. This article may be of value to students who wish to understand the myriad ways in which AAC may be integrated into their clinical work and to clinicians interested in developing their clinical practice knowledge in this area.
scIGANs: single-cell RNA-seq imputation using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Xu Yungang , Zhang Zhigang , You Lei , Liu Jiajia , Fan Zhiwei , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables the characterization of transcriptomic profiles at the single-cell resolution with increasingly high throughput. However, it suffers from many sources of technical noises, including insufficient mRNA molecules that lead to excess false zero values, termed dropouts. Computational approaches have been proposed to recover the biologically meaningful expression by borrowing information from similar cells in the observed dataset. However, these methods suffer from oversmoothing and removal of natural cell-to-cell stochasticity in gene expression. Here, we propose the generative adversarial networks (GANs) for scRNA-seq imputation (scIGANs), which uses generated cells rather than observed cells to avoid these limitations and balances the performance between major and rare cell populations. Evaluations based on a variety of simulated and real scRNA-seq datasets show that scIGANs is effective for dropout imputation and enhances various downstream analysis. ScIGANs is robust to small datasets that have very few genes with low expression and/or cell-to-cell variance. ScIGANs works equally well on datasets from different scRNA-seq protocols and is scalable to datasets with over 100 000 cells. We demonstrated in many ways with compelling evidence that scIGANs is not only an application of GANs in omics data but also represents a competing imputation method for the scRNA-seq data.
The methyltransferase TrmA facilitates tRNA folding through interaction with its RNA-binding domain
Authors: Keffer-Wilkes Laura Carole , Soon Emily F , Kothe Ute 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
tRNAs are the most highly modified RNAs in all cells, and formation of 5-methyluridine (m5U) at position 54 in the T arm is a common RNA modification found in all tRNAs. The m5U modification is generated by the methyltransferase TrmA. Here, we test and prove the hypothesis that Escherichia coli TrmA has dual functions, acting both as a methyltransferase and as a tRNA chaperone. We identify two conserved residues, F106 and H125, in the RNA-binding domain of TrmA, which interact with the tRNA elbow and are critical for tRNA binding. Co-culture competition assays reveal that the catalytic activity of TrmA is important for cellular fitness, and that substitutions of F106 or H125 impair cellular fitness. We directly show that TrmA enhances tRNA folding in vitro independent of its catalytic activity. In conclusion, our study suggests that F106 and H125 in the RNA-binding domain of TrmA act as a wedge disrupting tertiary interactions between tRNA’s D arm and T arm; this tRNA unfolding is the mechanistic basis for TrmA’s tRNA chaperone activity. TrmA is the second tRNA modifying enzyme next to the pseudouridine synthase TruB shown to act as a tRNA chaperone supporting a functional link between RNA modification and folding.
Mechanism of translation inhibition by type II GNAT toxin AtaT2
Authors: Ovchinnikov Stepan V , Bikmetov Dmitry , Livenskyi Alexei , Serebryakova Marina , Wilcox Brendan , Mangano Kyle , Shiriaev Dmitrii I , Osterman Ilya A , Sergiev Petr V , Borukhov Sergei , Vazquez-Laslop Nora , Mankin Alexander S , Severinov Konstantin , Dubiley Svetlana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractType II toxin–antitoxins systems are widespread in prokaryotic genomes. Typically, they comprise two proteins, a toxin, and an antitoxin, encoded by adjacent genes and forming a complex in which the enzymatic activity of the toxin is inhibited. Under stress conditions, the antitoxin is degraded liberating the active toxin. Though thousands of various toxin–antitoxins pairs have been predicted bioinformatically, only a handful has been thoroughly characterized. Here, we describe the AtaT2 toxin from a toxin–antitoxin system from Escherichia coli O157:H7. We show that AtaT2 is the first GNAT (Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase) toxin that specifically targets charged glycyl tRNA. In vivo, the AtaT2 activity induces ribosome stalling at all four glycyl codons but does not evoke a stringent response. In vitro, AtaT2 acetylates the aminoacyl moiety of isoaccepting glycyl tRNAs, thus precluding their participation in translation. Our study broadens the known target specificity of GNAT toxins beyond the earlier described isoleucine and formyl methionine tRNAs, and suggest that various GNAT toxins may have evolved to specificaly target other if not all individual aminoacyl tRNAs.
Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog-2 (EZH2) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
Authors: Sasaki Takahiro , Katagi Hiroaki , Goldman Stewart , Becher Oren J , Hashizume Rintaro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a fatal childhood brain tumor and the majority of patients die within 2 yr after initial diagnosis. Factors that contribute to the dismal prognosis of these patients include the infiltrative nature and anatomic location in an eloquent area of the brain, which precludes total surgical resection, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which reduces the distribution of systemically administered agents. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a direct infusion technique to deliver therapeutic agents into a target site in the brain and able to deliver a high concentration drug to the infusion site without systemic toxicities.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2) inhibitor by CED against human DIPG xenograft models.

METHODS
The concentration of EZH2 inhibitor (EPZ-6438) in the brainstem tumor was evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). We treated mice-bearing human DIPG xenografts with EPZ-6438 using systemic (intraperitoneal) or CED administration. Intracranial tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescence image, and the therapeutic response was evaluated by animal survival.

RESULTS
LC/MS analysis showed that the concentration of EPZ-6438 in the brainstem tumor was 3.74% of serum concentration after systemic administration. CED of EPZ-6438 suppressed tumor growth and significantly extended animal survival when compared to systemic administration of EPZ-6438 (P = .0475).

CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that CED of an EZH2 inhibitor is a promising strategy to bypass the BBB and to increase the efficacy of an EZH2 inhibitor for the treatment of DIPG.
Left Modified Orbitozygomatic Approach for Clipping of Multilobulated Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms are associated with one of the most favorable approaches for microsurgical treatment; however, aneurysm geometrics can pose challenges during clip application. The surgeon must be mindful of the clip configuration options available during the planning of ideal clip occlusion for irregular or multilobulated aneurysm domes. This patient had an incidental multilobulated MCA bifurcation aneurysm and underwent an orbitozygomatic approach for microsurgical treatment. Proximal and distal control of the aneurysm were achieved, and complete clip occlusion was achieved following the placement of a single permanent clip. Flow within the parent vessel was well preserved, and complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
A SPECIAL CASE OF QUASIMINIMALITY FOR THE COMPLEX EXPONENTIAL FIELD
Authors: Boxall Gareth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We obtain a non-trivial special case of Zilber’s quasiminimality conjecture for the complex exponential field. Specifically, we deal with those subsets of $\mathbb{C}$ defined by formulas of the form $\exists \bar{y}(P(x,\bar{y})=0)$, where $P$ is a term formed from the language $\{+,\times ,\exp \}$ together with parameters from $\mathbb{C}$.
Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis of literature studies
Authors: Forte Francesco , Buonaiuto Alessio , Calcaterra Ilenia , Iannuzzo Gabriella , Ambrosino Pasquale , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
SLE patients have an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Contrasting data are available about the association between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and SLE. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the association between SLE and PAD.

Methods
Studies were systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE databases according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines.

Results
Eight studies reporting on 263 258 SLE patients and 768 487 controls showed that the prevalence of PAD was 15.8% (95% CI: 10.5%, 23.2%) in SLE patients and 3.9% (95% CI: 1.8%, 7.9%) in controls with a corresponding odds ratio of 4.1 (95% CI: 1.5, 11.6; P &lt;0.001). In addition, five studies reporting on ankle-brachial index showed significantly lower values in 280 SLE patients as compared with 201 controls (mean difference: −0.018; 95% CI: −0.034, −0.001; P =0.033). Meta-regression models showed that age, hypertension and diabetes were inversely associated with the difference in the prevalence of PAD between SLE patients and non-SLE controls, whereas no effect for all the other clinical and demographic variables on the evaluated outcome was found.

Conclusion
SLE patients exhibit an increased prevalence of PAD and lower ankle-brachial index values as compared with non-SLE controls. This should be considered when planning prevention, interventional and rehabilitation strategies for these chronic patients with functional disability and poor long-term outcomes.
Distal phalangeal bone erosions observed by HR-pQCT in patients with psoriatic onycholysis
Authors: Villani Axel P , Boutroy Stéphanie , Coutisson Céline , Carlier Marie-Christine , Barets Loïs , Marotte Hubert , Richert Bertrand , Chapurlat Roland D , Jullien Denis , Confavreux Cyrille B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
PsA prevalence among skin psoriasis is ∼30%. Nail psoriasis, especially onycholysis, is present in &gt;70% of PsA and the risk of developing PsA is more than doubled in patients with nail involvement. We hypothesized that onycholysis may be associated with early bone erosions of the DIP joint without harbouring PsA symptoms.

Methods
We compared tendon thickness, assessed by US, and bone erosions, assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT, of the DIP joint in patients with psoriatic onycholysis without PsA (ONY) with those in patients with cutaneous psoriasis only (PSO). We used patients with PsA as reference (PsA group), and healthy age-matched controls (CTRL). Differences between groups were assessed by analysis of variance tests followed by post hoc analysis using the Scheffe method.

Results
Mean (s.e.m.) age of the 87 participants (61% males) was 45.2 (1.3) years. The mean extensor tendon thickness was significantly larger in ONY than in PSO patients. In the PsA group, 68% of patients exhibited erosions of three different shapes: V-, Omega- and U-shape. Association with erosions was greater in the ONY group than in the PSO group (frequency: 57 vs 14%; P &lt; 0.001; mean number of erosions: 1.10 (0.35) vs 0.03 (0.03); P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Onycholysis was associated with significant enthesopathy and bone erosions in our cohort. These data support the pathogenic role of enthesopathy in PsA. Onycholysis may be considered as a surrogate marker of severity in psoriasis.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrails.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02813720
Refugee Rights Across Regions: A Comparative Overview of Legislative Good Practices in Latin America and the EU
Authors: Freier Luisa Feline , Gauci Jean-Pierre 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has identified a number of legislative good practices in Latin American asylum and refugee laws. At the same time, academics and policy-makers have long called for cross-regional comparative analyses of policies and laws to allow different regions to learn from each other’s best practices. In this article, we compare refugee legislations of Latin American countries with European Union protection standards based on UNHCR’s legislative good practices across three areas: (i) Core Principles and Scope of Protection; (ii) Procedural Safeguards and Guarantees for Vulnerable Groups; and (iii) Integration. We find that six of 19 refugee laws in Latin America provide more expansive protection than the Common European Asylum System framework, whereas other Latin American countries fall behind. The gap between Latin American legislations and European Union protection standards is closer regarding procedural safeguards, the protection of vulnerable groups, and integration provisions. Finally, Latin American countries, on average, score significantly below the European Union regarding the core principles of asylum and the scope of protection. In the second part of the article, we engage in a qualitative discussion of these legislative good practices to allow for cross-fertilization, and deliver policy recommendations.
Quantitative Lesser Trochanter Profile Versus Cortical Step Sign in Assessing Femoral Malrotation After Femoral Nailing
Authors: Klaucke Jonathan , O'Hara Nathan N. , Peterson David , Gitajn Ida Leah , Natoli Roman , Sciadini Marcus F. , Manson Theodore T. , Nascone Jason W. , Gage Mark , LeBrun Christopher , Pollak Andrew N. , O'Toole Robert V. 
Published: June 2020

Summary:We describe the novel quantitative lesser trochanter profile (QLTP) technique to determine the magnitude and direction of femoral malrotation and to compare its performance with the cortical step sign technique. For this assessment, 9 orthopaedic surgeons estimated the magnitude and direction of femoral malrotation with each technique in 198 anteroposterior view images of the proximal cadaveric femur and osteotomy sites. Based on the results, the main benefit of the QLTP technique over the cortical step sign technique is the ability to determine the direction of femoral malrotation. The QLTP technique was also more accurate in measuring malrotation and had less error. However, the QLTP technique requires additional imaging, and the mean difference in error between the 2 techniques might not be clinically meaningful.
Tension Band Wiring Provides Excellent Patient-Reported Long-Term Results for Both Comminuted and Simple Displaced Olecranon Fractures
Authors: Terstappen Afra L. E. , Joosse Pieter , van Dijke Cornelis F. , Mirck Boj , van den Brand Johan G. H. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
To assess the long-term functional results of both simple and comminuted olecranon fractures treated with tension band wiring (TBW).

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients & Intervention:
Between 2004 and 2014, 178 fractures in 178 patients >16 years of age were treated with TBW for a unilateral olecranon fracture.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Subjective functionality was tested with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI).

Results:
Fifty percent of our cohort were lost to follow-up leaving 89 for review. A total of 51.7% had a comminuted fracture. Mean follow-up time was 7.1 years. Reoperation rate for implant removal was 84%. The total median DASH score was 0.83. Eighty-five patients (95.5%) were rated excellent using the MEPI score. No significant difference in either score was found between the simple (SF) and the comminuted (CF) group. Median range of motion was flexion/extension: 145/−2 degrees, supination/pronation: 90/90 degrees. No clinically relevant difference in range of motion was found between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
We found no relevant differences in either subjective or objective functionality between patients with simple or comminuted olecranon fractures after fixation with TBW. Therefore, TBW seems to be an adequate and justifiable treatment modality for both simple and comminuted olecranon fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Learning Curve of Suprapatellar Nailing: Adoption Over Time Can Decrease Operative Time and Radiation Exposure
Authors: Allen Jerad D. , Matuszewski Paul E. , Comadoll Shea M. , Hamilton David A. , Abbenhaus Eric J. , Aneja Arun , Wright Raymond D. , Moghadamian Eric S. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To determine whether suprapatellar nailing (SPN) over time can decrease operative time and radiation exposure when compared with infrapatellar nailing (IPN) of tibial shaft fractures.

Design:
Retrospective.

Setting:
Single, Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Extra-articular adult tibial shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing alone within a 7-year period.

Intervention:
Patients were treated with SPN or IPN techniques based on the discretion of the operating surgeon.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Operative time and radiation exposure.

Results:
Three hundred forty-one fractures (SPN: 177, IPN: 164) were included in the analysis. No differences in patient body mass index, sex, or open fracture incidence existed between the 2 groups. A significant difference in average operative time (IPN 130 minutes vs. SPN 110 minutes, P < 0.01), fluoroscopy time (IPN 159 minutes vs. SPN 143 minutes, P = 0.02), and radiation dose (IPN 8.6 mGy vs. SPN 6.5 mGy, P < 0.01) existed between IPN and SPN. Early tibias treated with SPN had similar operative times (P = 0.11), fluoroscopy time (P = 0.94), and radiation dose (P = 0.34) compared with IPN. Later SPN patients had significantly lower operative time (P = 0.03), fluoroscopy time (P < 0.01), and radiation dose (P < 0.013) compared with earlier SPN. Regression analysis revealed with the increased use of SPN, operative time, fluoroscopy time, and radiation dose significantly decreased (P = 0.018, 0.046, 0.011).

Conclusions:
Tibia fractures treated with SPN have significantly decreased operative times and radiation exposure compared with those treated with IPN, after allowing time for the surgeon to gain sufficient experience with the technique. The surgeon should consider this when deciding to adopt this technique.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.