bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms behind altered pulsatile intracranial pressure in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: role of vascular pulsatility and systemic hemodynamic variables
Authors: Evensen Karen Brastad , Eide Per Kristian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The dementia subtype idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) has unknown etiology, but one characteristic is elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) wave amplitudes in those individuals who respond with clinical improvement following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. To explore the mechanisms behind altered ICP wave amplitudes, we correlated central aortic blood pressure (BP) and ICP waveform amplitudes (intracranial aortic amplitude correlation) and examined how this correlation relates to ICP wave amplitude levels and systemic hemodynamic parameters.

Methods
The study included 29 patients with probable iNPH who underwent continuous multi-hour measurement of ICP, radial artery BP, and systemic hemodynamic parameters. The radial artery BP waveforms were used to estimate central aortic BP waveforms, and the intracranial aortic amplitude correlation was determined over consecutive 4-min periods.

Results
The average intracranial aortic amplitude correlation was 0.28 ± 0.16 at the group level. In the majority of iNPH patients, the intracranial aortic amplitude correlation was low, while in about 1/5 patients, the correlation was rather high (average Pearson correlation coefficient > 0.4). The degree of correlation was hardly influenced by systemic hemodynamic parameters.

Conclusions
In about 1/5 iNPH patients of this study, the intracranial aortic amplitude correlation (IAACAORTIC) was rather high (average Pearson correlation coefficient > 0.4), suggesting that cerebrovascular factors to some extent may affect the ICP wave amplitudes in a subset of patients. However, in 14/19 (74%) iNPH patients with elevated ICP wave amplitudes, the intracranial aortic amplitude correlation was low, indicating that the ICP pulse amplitude in most iNPH patients is independent of central vascular excitation, ergo it is modulated by local cerebrospinal physiology. In support of this assumption, the intracranial aortic amplitude correlation was not related to most systemic hemodynamic variables. An exception was found for a subgroup of the patients with high systemic vascular resistance, where there was a correlation.
Ontologies for finding journalistic angles
Authors: Opdahl Andreas L. , Tessem Bjørnar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractJournalism relies more and more on information and communication technology (ICT). ICT-basedjournalistic knowledge platformscontinuously harvest potentially news-relevant information from the Internet and make it useful for journalists. Because information about the same event is available from different sources and formats vary widely,knowledge graphsare emerging as a preferred technology for integrating, enriching, and preparing information for journalistic use. The paper explores how journalistic knowledge graphs can be augmented with support fornews angles, which can help journalists to detect newsworthy events and make them interesting for the intended audience. We argue that finding newsworthy angles on news-related information is an important example of a topical problem in information science: that of detecting interesting events and situations in big data sets and presenting those events and situations in interesting ways.
UNESCO Global Geoparks: Rechtsinstrumente der Unterschutzstellung im deutschen Recht – Analyse und
Empfehlungen
Authors: Wolf Rainer , Köck Wolfgang 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungUNESCO-Geoparks sind neben den Weltnaturerbestätten und den Weltkulturerbestätten eine weitere
Kategorie der internationalen Anerkennung besonders qualifizierter Stätten und Landschaften. Der Beitrag
untersucht die Unterschutzstellungsoptionen für Geoparks im deutschen Recht, dabei werden unterschiedliche
Rechtsinstrumente des Fachrechts und der Raumordnung betrachtet und vergleichend bewertet. Ein besonderes
Augenmerk gilt der Frage, ob und ggf. unter welchen Voraussetzungen Erneuerbare Energien-Projekte Einfluss
auf die Anerkennung von Geoparks haben können.
Flächenverbrauch im Recht: 30-Hektar-Ziel und Flächenzertifikatehandel
Authors: Hamacher Hendrik 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Problematik des Flächenverbrauches ist seit Jahrzehnten in Deutschland bekannt. Zugleich
wird diese in Politik und Gesellschaft nur geringfügig berücksichtigt. Dabei ist der Schutz und
der nachhaltige Umgang der Ressource Fläche aus vielfältigen Gründen von immenser Bedeutung.
Gleichwohl führen die gegenwärtigen Methoden und Instrumente nicht dazu, die politisch verabschiedeten
Ziele zu erreichen. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages werden auf Grundlage der aktuellen Gegebenheiten, neue Möglichkeiten
zur Reduzierung des Flächenverbrauches beschrieben und deren Umsetzbarkeit untersucht. Hierbei stehen
der Flächenzertifikatehandel, der in einem Modellversuch seine Praxistauglichkeit bewiesen hat und
die Etablierung des 30-Hektar-Ziels im ROG im Mittelpunkt.
The Erogenous Mirror: Intersubjective and Multisensory Maps of Sexual Arousal in Men and Women
Authors: Maister Lara , Fotopoulou Aikaterini , Turnbull Oliver , Tsakiris Manos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractErogenous zones of the body are sexually arousing when touched. Previous investigations of erogenous zones were restricted to the effects of touch on one’s own body. However, sexual interactions do not just involve being touched, but also involve touching a partner and mutually looking at each other’s bodies. We take a novel interpersonal approach to characterize the self-reported intensity and distribution of erogenous zones in two modalities: touch and vision. A large internet sample of 613 participants (407 women) completed a questionnaire, where they rated intensity of sexual arousal related to different body parts, both on one’s own body and on an imagined partner’s body in response to being touched but also being looked at. We report the presence of a multimodal erogenous mirror between sexual partners, as we observed clear correspondences in topographic distributions of self-reported arousal between individuals’ own bodies and their preferences for a partner’s body, as well as between those elicited by imagined touch and vision. The erogenous body is therefore organized and represented in an interpersonal and multisensory way.
A new non-invasive in situ underwater DNA sampling method for estimating genetic diversity
Authors: Balázs Gergely , Vörös Judit , Lewarne Brian , Herczeg Gábor 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDNA-based methods form the cornerstone of contemporary evolutionary biology and they are highly valued tools in conservation biology. The development of non-invasive sampling methods can be crucial for both gathering sample sizes needed for robust ecological inference and to avoid a negative impact on small and/or endangered populations. Such sampling is particularly challenging in working with aquatic organisms, if the goal is to minimize disturbance and to avoid even temporary removal of individuals from their home range. We developed an in situ underwater method of DNA sampling and preservation that can be applied during diving in less than a minute of animal handling. We applied the method on a Herzegovinian population of olm (Proteus anguinus, Caudata), an endangered aquatic cave-dwelling vertebrate, which makes it an excellent model to test the method under the harshest conditions. We sampled 22 adults during cave-diving and extracted sufficient quantity and quality of DNA from all individuals. We amplified 10 species-specific microsatellite loci, with PCR success varying between 6 and 10 loci (median: 7 loci). Fragment length analyses on 9 loci revealed a single allele at all loci across all individuals. This is in stark contrast to four Croatian populations studied with the same 10 loci previously that showed high within-population genetic variation. Our population and the four Croatian populations were genetically highly divergent. We propose that our method can be widely used to sample endangered aquatic populations, or in projects where the disturbance of individuals must be kept minimal for conservation and scientific purposes.
Digital piracy and the perception of price fairness: evidence from a field experiment
Authors: Kukla-Gryz Anna , Tyrowicz Joanna , Krawczyk Michał 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study a relationship between perceived price fairness and digital piracy. In a large-scale field experiment on customers of a leading ebook store, we employ the Bayesian truth serum to elicit the information on acquiring books from unauthorized sources (often referred to as digital piracy). We provide empirical evidence in support of the conjecture that willingness to “pirate” is associated with having experienced subjective overpricing. We propose and verify the relevance of two mechanisms behind this link: reactance theory and moral cleansing/licensing. The results indicate that pricing policy perceived as fair may reduce the scope for digital piracy.
Concentration Inequalities for Bounded Functionals via Log-Sobolev-Type Inequalities
Authors: Götze Friedrich , Sambale Holger , Sinulis Arthur 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we prove multilevel concentration inequalities for bounded functionals$$f = f(X_1, \ldots , X_n)$$f=f(X1,…,Xn)of random variables$$X_1, \ldots , X_n$$X1,…,Xnthat are either independent or satisfy certain logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. The constants in the tail estimates depend on the operator norms ofk-tensors of higher order differences off. We provide applications for both dependent and independent random variables. This includes deviation inequalities for empirical processes$$f(X) = \sup _{g \in {\mathcal {F}}} {|g(X)|}$$f(X)=supg∈F|g(X)|and suprema of homogeneous chaos in bounded random variables in the Banach space case$$f(X) = \sup _{t} {\Vert \sum _{i_1 \ne \ldots \ne i_d} t_{i_1 \ldots i_d} X_{i_1} \cdots X_{i_d}\Vert }_{{\mathcal {B}}}$$f(X)=supt‖∑i1≠…≠idti1…idXi1⋯Xid‖B. The latter application is comparable to earlier results of Boucheron, Bousquet, Lugosi, and Massart and provides the upper tail bounds of Talagrand. In the case of Rademacher random variables, we give an interpretation of the results in terms of quantities familiar in Boolean analysis. Further applications are concentration inequalities forU-statistics with bounded kernelshand for the number of triangles in an exponential random graph model.
The Effects of Cognitive Training on Brain Network Activity and Connectivity in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: a Systematic Review
Authors: van Balkom Tim D. , van den Heuvel Odile A. , Berendse Henk W. , van der Werf Ysbrand D. , Vriend Chris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCognitive training (CT) is an increasingly popular, non-pharmacological intervention for improving cognitive functioning in neurodegenerative diseases and healthy aging. Although meta-analyses support the efficacy of CT in improving cognitive functioning, the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of CT are still unclear. We performed a systematic review of literature in the PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases on controlled CT trials (N > 20) in aging and neurodegenerative diseases with pre- and post-training functional MRI outcomes up to November 23rd 2018 (PROSPERO registration number CRD42019103662). Twenty articles were eligible for our systematic review. We distinguished between multi-domain and single-domain CT. CT induced both increases and decreases in task-related functional activation, possibly indicative of an inverted U-shaped curve association between regional brain activity and task performance. Functional connectivity within ‘cognitive’ brain networks was consistently reported to increase after CT while a minority of studies additionally reported increased segregation of frontoparietal and default mode brain networks. Although we acknowledge the large heterogeneity in type of CT, imaging methodology, in-scanner task paradigm and analysis methods between studies, we propose a working model of the effects of CT on brain activity and connectivity in the context of current knowledge on compensatory mechanisms that are associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
Developing nationwide avalanche terrain maps for Norway
Authors: Larsen Håvard T. , Hendrikx Jordy , Slåtten Martine S. , Engeset Rune V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSnow avalanches are a significant natural hazard in Norway. One method to manage the backcountry avalanche hazard is through detailed mapping of avalanche terrain. Avalanche terrain can be mapped using a variety of methods, including using the Avalanche Terrain Exposure Scale (ATES); however, manual classification of terrain using ATES is time consuming. This study has developed and compared a fully automated algorithm to provide ATES mapping for all of Norway. Our new algorithm is based on the technical model for ATES mapping. This model has specific terrain-based thresholds that can be applied for automated terrain-based modeling. Our algorithm expands on prior work by including the potential release area (PRA) model to identify and calculate the likelihood of an avalanche releasing from a start zone. We also use the raster-based TauDEM-model to determine the avalanche runout length. The final product is a 10-m resolution ATES map. We compared this nationwide ATES map with areas that have been manually mapped by avalanche experts, and find that the automated approach yields similar and reliable results. In addition to comparing mapped areas, we also examine manually mapped linear routes and compare these with the automated mapped ATES areas. Our results suggest that for open terrain, the vast majority of the manually classified tracks are predominantly in the same ATES class as our algorithm. For forested areas, we get mixed results, which can be attributed to a lack of suitable vegetation data at an appropriate scale. Despite this limitation, the current ATES algorithm and resulting spatial data are already valuable as a large portion (~ 70%) of the Norwegian backcountry terrain is above tree line. The automated algorithm is also useful to ensure consistent manual classification across different regions in Norway, or globally, and will permit greater reproducibility and easier updating of mapping for the future.
Coping with climatic shocks: local perspectives from Haiti’s rural mountain regions
Authors: Staub Caroline , Gilot Anne , Pierre Molene , Murray Gerald , Koenig Rosalie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHaiti’s agrarian society is highly sensitive to changes in weather and climate conditions. Little is known about Haitian farmers’ perceptions of climate-related risks and their ability to cope with hazards, which may reduce the relevance and likelihood of success of proposed adaptation solutions. We discuss the findings from the focus groups held with 104 small-holder farmers from mountain areas. Farmers in the study area regard the impacts of climate hazards on their livelihood as significant but largely prioritize short-term solutions over long-term protective measures, which potentially increase their vulnerability over time. The study provides insights on local decision processes and potential pathways for discussing climate information with farmers. It identifies the types of information perceived as necessary for informed decision-making. The findings, while in some cases distinctive to the study area, have implications for the design of climate change adaptation interventions in other contexts.
Pannexin-1 channel “fuels” by releasing ATP from bone marrow cells a state of sterile inflammation required for optimal mobilization and homing of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Cymer Monika , Brzezniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna , Bujko Kamila , Thapa Arjun , Ratajczak Janina , Anusz Krzysztof , Tracz Michał , Jackowska-Tracz Agnieszka , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. , Adamiak Mateusz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn efficient harvest of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) after pharmacological mobilization from the bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB) and subsequent proper homing and engraftment of these cells are crucial for clinical outcomes from hematopoietic transplants. Since extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) plays an important role in both processes as an activator of sterile inflammation in the bone marrow microenvironment, we focused on the role of Pannexin-1 channel in the secretion of ATP to trigger both egress of HSPCs out of BM into PB as well as in reverse process that is their homing to BM niches after transplantation into myeloablated recipient. We employed a specific blocking peptide against Pannexin-1 channel and noticed decreased mobilization efficiency of HSPCs as well as other types of BM-residing stem cells including mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitors (EPCs), and very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs). To explain better a role of Pannexin-1, we report that eATP activated Nlrp3 inflammasome in Gr-1+ and CD11b+ cells enriched for granulocytes and monocytes. This led to release of danger-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) and mitochondrial DNA (miDNA) that activate complement cascade (ComC) required for optimal egress of HSPCs from BM. On the other hand, Pannexin-1 channel blockage in transplant recipient mice leads to a defect in homing and engraftment of HSPCs. Based on this, Pannexin-1 channel as a source of eATP plays an important role in HSPCs trafficking.
Toward automatic C-arm positioning for standard projections in orthopedic surgery
Authors: Kausch Lisa , Thomas Sarina , Kunze Holger , Privalov Maxim , Vetter Sven , Franke Jochen , Mahnken Andreas H. , Maier-Hein Lena , Maier-Hein Klaus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeGuidance and quality control in orthopedic surgery increasingly rely on intra-operative fluoroscopy using a mobile C-arm. The accurate acquisition of standardized and anatomy-specific projections is essential in this process. The corresponding iterative positioning of the C-arm is error prone and involves repeated manual acquisitions or even continuous fluoroscopy. To reduce time and radiation exposure for patients and clinical staff and to avoid errors in fracture reduction or implant placement, we aim at guiding—and in the long-run automating—this procedure.MethodsIn contrast to the state of the art, we tackle this inherently ill-posed problem without requiring patient-individual prior information like preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans, without the need of registration and without requiring additional technical equipment besides the projection images themselves. We propose learning the necessary anatomical hints for efficient C-arm positioning fromin silicosimulations, leveraging masses of 3D CTs. Specifically, we propose a convolutional neural network regression model that predicts 5 degrees of freedom pose updates directly from a first X-ray image. The method is generalizable to different anatomical regions and standard projections.ResultsQuantitative and qualitative validation was performed for two clinical applications involving two highly dissimilar anatomies, namely the lumbar spine and the proximal femur. Starting from one initial projection, the mean absolute pose error to the desired standard pose is iteratively reduced across different anatomy-specific standard projections. Acquisitions of both hip joints on 4 cadavers allowed for an evaluation on clinical data, demonstrating that the approach generalizes without retraining.ConclusionOverall, the results suggest the feasibility of an efficient deep learning-based automated positioning procedure, which is trained on simulations. Our proposed 2-stage approach for C-arm positioning significantly improves accuracy on synthetic images. In addition, we demonstrated that learning based on simulations translates to acceptable performance on real X-rays.
A perturbation view of level-set methods for convex optimization
Authors: Estrin Ron , Friedlander Michael P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLevel-set methods for convex optimization are predicated on the idea that certain problems can be parameterized so that their solutions can be recovered as the limiting process of a root-finding procedure. This idea emerges time and again across a range of algorithms for convex problems. Here we demonstrate that strong duality is a necessary condition for the level-set approach to succeed. In the absence of strong duality, the level-set method identifies $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-infeasible points that do not converge to a feasible point as $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
tends to zero. The level-set approach is also used as a proof technique for establishing sufficient conditions for strong duality that are different from Slater’s constraint qualification.
The psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 in a clinical and a community sample
Authors: Labancz Eszter , Balázs Katalin , Kuritárné Szabó Ildikó 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe alternative dimensional model for personality disorders characterizes the individual on pathological personality traits, which can be measured by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Our study focused on the psychometric properties of the Hungarian version of PID-5 in 239 psychiatric patients and 226 non-clinical participants. The distribution of gender, age, and educational level were the same in the two samples. In the clinical sample, we examined the assumed unidimensionality of the 25 facets. The results of the exploratory factor analysis for five factors indicated the supposed five-factor structure. The convergent validity was studied by correlations with Big Five Inventory. The PID-5 domains showed moderate or strong correlation with the domains of Big Five except for Psychoticism. The comparison of the clinical and non-clinical samples revealed that psychiatric patients had a higher score on all pathological facets and domains, except for the domain of Antagonism with all its related facets, and the facet of Risk Taking. As a whole, we recommend the use of the Hungarian version of the PID-5 in research and clinical practice.
The new concept of power transmission to the entomopter wings
Authors: Sochacki Wojciech , Cekus Dawid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to discuss the design of the mechanism used for power transmission to the entomopter wings in order to perform a flapping motion and control the angle of attack of the wings. The study presents a kinematic diagram and a simulation model obtained in SolidWorks for the proposed mechanism, which includes a slotted link mechanism and a slider mechanism (with bilateral slider) that actuates the rocking lever of the wing. The simulation model allowed for observation of the system work and verification of the adopted kinematic assumptions. The comparative analysis showed that trajectories obtained from the both models are very similar. The correct operation of the proposed solution has been demonstrated by building a prototype of the mechanism and conducting experimental research. In the case of the application of the solution presented for the real object it is sufficient to choose the system parameters in order to properly reflect the living organism. The proposed mechanism is characterized by simplicity and offers opportunity for miniaturization while ensuring reliable work at reduced demand for power to drive the mechanism. A technological advantage of the presented solution is the use of only one component in order to perform flapping wing motion and change the angle of attack of the entomopter.