bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of cardiac motion without respiratory motion for cardiac stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Ouyang Zi , Schoenhagen Paul , Wazni Oussama , Tchou Patrick , Saliba Walid I. , Suh John H. , Xia Ping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose/objective(s)To study the heart motion using cardiac gated computed tomographies (CGCT) to provide guidance on treatment planning margins during cardiac stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).Materials/methodsTen patients were selected for this study, who received CGCT scans that were acquired with intravenous contrast under a voluntary breath‐hold using a dual source CT scanner. For each patient, CGCT images were reconstructed in multiple phases (10%–90%) of the cardiac cycle and the left ventricle (LV), right ventricle (RV), ascending aorta (AAo), ostia of the right coronary artery (O‐RCA), left coronary artery (O‐LCA), and left anterior descending artery (LAD) were contoured at each phase. For these contours, the centroid displacements from their corresponding average positions were measured at each phase in the superior–inferior (SI), medial–lateral (ML), and anterior–posterior (AP). The average volumes as well as the maximum to minimum ratios were analyzed for the LV and RV.ResultsFor the six contoured substructures, more than 90% of the measured displacements were <5 mm. For these patients, the average volumes ranged from 191.25 to 429.51 cc for LV and from 91.76 to 286.88 cc for RV. For each patient, the ratios of maximum to minimum volumes within a cardiac cycle ranged from 1.15 to 1.54 for LV and from 1.34 to 1.84 for RV.ConclusionBased on this study, cardiac motion is variable depending on the specific substructure of the heart but is mostly within 5 mm. Depending on the location (central or peripheral) of the treatment target and treatment purposes, the treatment planning margins for targets and risk volumes should be adjusted accordingly. In the future, we will further assess heart motion and its dosimetric impact.
Ultrasmall Ternary FePtMn Nanocrystals with Acidity‐Triggered Dual‐Ions Release and Hypoxia Relief for Multimodal Synergistic Chemodynamic/Photodynamic/Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Baochan , Dai Zhichao , Zhang Gaorui , Hu Zunfu , Yao Xiuxiu , Wang Shan , Liu Qingyun , Zheng Xiuwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultimodal imaging‐guided synergistic anticancer strategies have attracted increasing attention for efficient diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Herein, a multifunctional nanotheranostic agent FePtMn‐Ce6/FA (FPMCF NPs) is constructed by covalently anchoring photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and targeting molecule folic acid (FA) on ultrasmall homogeneous ternary FePtMn nanocrystals. Response to tumor microenvironment (TME), FPMCF NPs can release Fe2+ to catalyze H2O2 into •OH by Fenton reaction and simultaneously catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into O2 to overcome the tumor hypoxia barrier. Released O2 is further catalyzed into 1O2 under 660 nm laser irradiation with Ce6. Thus, the FPMCF NPs exhibit superior dual‐ROS oxidization capability including ferroptosis chemodynamic oxidization and 1O2‐based photodynamic oxidization. Interestingly, FPMCF NPs reveal strong photothermal conversion efficiency exposed to an 808 nm laser, which can assist dual‐ROS oxidization to suppress solid tumor remarkably. Additionally, Mn2+ can be released from FPMCF NPs to enhance longitudinal relaxivity (T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging) and Fe‐synergistic transverse relaxivity (T2‐weighted MR imaging), which is convenient for diagnosis of solid tumors. Meanwhile, the fluorescent/photothermal (FL/PT) imaging function of FPMCF NPs can also accurately monitor tumor location. Therefore, FPMCF NPs with multimodal MR/FL/PT imaging‐guided synergistic chemodynamic/photodynamic/photothermal cancer therapy capability have potential bioapplication in bionanomedicine field.
Liquid‐Metal Synthesized Ultrathin SnS Layers for High‐Performance Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Khan Hareem , Ahmed Taimur , Zavabeti Ali , Tawfik Sherif Abdulkader , Jain Shubhendra Kumar , Spencer Michelle J. S. , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Crozier Kenneth B , Li Ziyuan , Fu Lan , Mohiuddin Md , Low Mei Xian , Shabbir Babar , Boes Andreas , Mitchell Arnan , McConville Christopher F. , Li Yongxiang , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Mahmood Nasir , Walia Sumeet 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAtomically thin materials face an ongoing challenge of scalability, hampering practical deployment despite their fascinating properties. Tin monosulfide (SnS), a low‐cost, naturally abundant layered material with a tunable bandgap, displays properties of superior carrier mobility and large absorption coefficient at atomic thicknesses, making it attractive for electronics and optoelectronics. However, the lack of successful synthesis techniques to prepare large‐area and stoichiometric atomically thin SnS layers (mainly due to the strong interlayer interactions) has prevented exploration of these properties for versatile applications. Here, SnS layers are printed with thicknesses varying from a single unit cell (0.8 nm) to multiple stacked unit cells (≈1.8 nm) synthesized from metallic liquid tin, with lateral dimensions on the millimeter scale. It is reveal that these large‐area SnS layers exhibit a broadband spectral response ranging from deep‐ultraviolet (UV) to near‐infrared (NIR) wavelengths (i.e., 280–850 nm) with fast photodetection capabilities. For single‐unit‐cell‐thick layered SnS, the photodetectors show upto three orders of magnitude higher responsivity (927 A W−1) than commercial photodetectors at a room‐temperature operating wavelength of 660 nm. This study opens a new pathway to synthesize reproduceable nanosheets of large lateral sizes for broadband, high‐performance photodetectors. It also provides important technological implications for scalable applications in integrated optoelectronic circuits, sensing, and biomedical imaging.
Prediction of mean weight diameter of soil using machine learning approaches
Authors: Bhattacharya Priya , Maity Pragati Pramanik , Ray Mrinmoy , Mridha Nilimesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEven though research shows that aggregate stability and mean weight diameter (MWD) are critical components of soil health, it is not routinely measured. An alternative approach to the physical measurement is to calculate these values based on routinely measured soil parameters. Therefore, the objective was to compare two artificial intelligence (AI)‐based machine learning approaches, that is, support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models in prediction of soil wet aggregate stability (quantified by MWD). Soil samples (120) from the Indo‐Gangetic Alluvium major soil group, that are characterized as Ustifluvents were used in the study. These samples were analyzed for sand, silt, clay, bulk density (BD), organic carbon (OC), and MWD. The correlation coefficient (r) was highest in case of SVM model with a percentage increase of 16.92 and 2.70 when compared with MLR and ANN respectively. The SVM and ANN models showed 6.36 and 2.12% decrease in RMSE in training dataset while a 14.28% decrease was found for SVM in testing dataset when compared to the multi‐linear regression (MLR) model. Results showed that ANN with two neurons (building blocks of ANN) in hidden layer had better performance in predicting MWD than MLR, whereas the radial basis Kernel function based SVM was found to be best for training and testing data of MWD. Soil texture, OC, and BD can be used to predict soil structural stability effectively using SVM. However, additional work is needed to confirm these findings with other soils.
An outbreak of relapsing fever unmasked by microbial paleoserology, 16th century, France
Authors: Oumarou Hama Hamadou , Barbieri Rémi , Guirou Jacqueline , Chenal Thomas , Mayer Aurélie , Ardagna Yann , Signoli Michel , Aboudharam Gérard , Raoult Didier , Drancourt Michel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesDepicting past epidemics currently relies on DNA‐based detection of pathogens, an approach limited to pathogens with well‐preserved DNA sequences. We used paleoserology as a complementary approach detecting specific antibodies under a mini line‐blot format including positive and negative control antigens.MethodsMini line blot assay incorporated skim milk as negative control, Staphylococcus aureus as positive control, and antigens prepared from lice‐borne pathogens Rickettsia prowazekii, Borrelia recurrentis, Bartonella quintana, and Yersinia pestis. Paleoserums were extracted from rehydrated dental pulp recovered from buried individuals. Mini line blots observed with the naked eye, were quantified using a scanner and appropriate software. Paleoserology was applied to the indirect detection of lice‐borne pathogens in seven skeletons exhumed from a 16th–17th century suspected military burial site (Auxi‐le‐Château); and 14 civils exhumed from a 5th–13th century burial site (Saint‐Mont). Direct detection of pathogens was performed using quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsIn Auxi‐le‐Château, paleoserology yielded 7/7 interpretable paleoserums including 7/7 positives for B. recurrentis including one also positive for B. quintana. In Saint‐Mont, paleoserology yielded 8/14 interpretable paleoserums and none reacted against any of the four pathogens. Antibodies against R. prowazekii and Y. pestis were not detected. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in the military burial site of Auxi‐le‐Château than in the civil burial site of Saint‐Mont. Real‐time PCR detection of B. quintana yielded 5/21 positive (3 at Saint‐Mont and 2 at Auxi‐le‐Château) whereas B. recurrentis was not detected.ConclusionsPaleoserology unmasked an outbreak of relapsing B. recurrentis fever in one 16th – 17th century military garrison, missed by real‐time PCR. Paleoserology offers a new tool for investigating past epidemics, in complement to DNA sequence‐based approaches.
PrestructuredMXenefillers with uniform channels to enhanceCO2selective permeation in mixed matrix membranes
Authors: Guan Weixin , Yang Xiaochen , Dong Chenyuan , Yan Xiaoming , Zheng Wenji , Xi Yuan , Ruan Xuehua , Dai Yan , He Gaohong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe packing pattern of two‐dimensional (2D) sheet‐like fillers in membranes is relatively random, leading to the unfavorable permeability from tortuous diffusion pathway. A new strategy that using prestructured materials with uniform channels as fillers was proposed. In this work, Ti3AlC2is etched to prepare multilayered MXene (m‐MXene), the channels aggregate as a whole unit, ensure the impossibility of ineffective packing compared with traditional individual sheets, largely facilitating the selective permeation. Then, the m‐MXene/Poly (amide‐6‐b‐ethylene oxide) (Pebax) MMMs are synthesized. SEM images demonstrate the accordion shaped structure of filler, which is the multi‐channels laminates. Furthermore, the results of gas permeation test exhibit enhanced performance of m‐MXene/Pebax MMMs. MMM with 0.5 wt.% m‐MXene behaved best, CO2permeability of 86.22 Barrer as well as CO2/N2selectivity of 104.85, transcending the Robeson upper bound (2008). Having distinct enhancement for CO2separation, the m‐MXene/Pebax MMMs in this work offer prospective practical applications.
Second‐order predefined‐time sliding‐mode control of fractional‐order systems
Authors: Muñoz‐Vázquez Aldo Jonathan , Sánchez‐Torres Juan Diego , Defoort Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a predefined‐time control of fractional‐order linear system subject to a large class of continuous but not necessarily integer‐order differentiable disturbances. The dynamical system is based on the Caputo derivative and has an order that lies in (1,2). The proposed controller, based on a dynamic extension, induces an integer‐order reaching phase, such that an invariant second‐order sliding mode is enforced in predefined‐time, that is, the solution of the fractional‐order system and its integer‐order derivative converge to the origin within a time that is prescribed as a tunable control parameter. The controller is continuous and able to compensate for unknown continuous disturbances. A simulation study is carried out in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
The study of the fractal basins of convergence linked with equilibrium points in the perturbed (N+ 1)‐body ring problem
Authors: Suraj Md Sanam , Aggarwal Rajiv , Mittal Amit , Meena Om Prakash , Asique Md Chand 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe fractal basins of convergence (BoC) linked with the equilibrium points are explored in the(N + 1)−body ring problem under the effect of small perturbations in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces when the bodies are sources of radiation. The evolution of the positions and the stability of the libration points and the possible regions of motion are determined as the function of mass parameter, the Coriolis, and centrifugal and radiation parameters. In addition, the parametric variation of the effect of the small perturbations in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces on the stability of the equilibrium points are also illustrated numerically. The multivariate version of the Newton–Raphson(NR) iterative method is used to analyze the effect of the radiation parameters and mass parameter on the topology of the BoC.
Developmental Predictors of Cognitive and Adaptive Outcomes in Genetic Subtypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Arnett Anne B. , Beighley Jennifer S. , Kurtz‐Nelson Evangeline C. , Hoekzema Kendra , Wang Tianyun , Bernier Raphe A. , Eichler Evan E. 
Published: September 2020

Approximately one‐fourth of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases are associated with a disruptive genetic variant. Many of these ASD genotypes have been described previously, and are characterized by unique constellations of medical, psychiatric, developmental, and behavioral features. Development of precision medicine care for affected individuals has been challenging due to the phenotypic heterogeneity that exists even within each genetic subtype. In the present study, we identify developmental milestones that predict cognitive and adaptive outcomes for five of the most common ASD genotypes. Sixty‐five youth with a known pathogenic variant involving ADNP, CHD8, DYRK1A, GRIN2B, or SCN2A genes participated in cognitive and adaptive testing. Exploratory linear regressions were used to identify developmental milestones that predicted cognitive and adaptive outcomes within each gene group. We hypothesized that the earliest and most predictive milestones would vary across gene groups, but would be consistent across outcomes within each genetic subtype. Within the ADNP group, age of walking predicted cognitive outcomes, while age of first words predicted adaptive behaviors. Age of phrases predicted adaptive functioning in the CHD8 group, but cognitive outcomes were not clearly associated with early developmental milestones. Verbal milestones were the strongest predictors of cognitive and adaptive outcomes for individuals with mutations to DYRK1A, GRIN2B, or SCN2A. These trends inform decisions about treatment planning and long‐term expectations for affected individuals, and they add to the growing body of research linking molecular genetic function to brain development and phenotypic outcomes.Lay SummaryResearchers have found many genetic causes of autism including mutations to ADNP, CHD8, DYRK1A, GRIN2B, and SCN2A genes. We found that each genetic cause had different early developmental milestones that explained the overall functioning of the children when they were older. Depending on the genetic cause, the age that a child first starts walking and/or talking may help to better understand and support a child's development who has a mutation to one of the above genes. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1659–1669. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Production, characterization, and immobilization of protease from the yeast Rhodotorula oryzicola
Authors: de Oliveira Juliana Mota , Fernandes Pedro , Benevides Raquel Guimarães , de Assis Sandra Aparecida 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe protease was produced extracellularly in submerged fermentation by the yeast Rhodotorula oryzicola using different sources of nitrogen and maximum activity (6.54 × 10−3 U/mg) was obtained in medium containing 2% casein (w/v). Purification of the protease by gel filtration chromatography resulted in a 3.07‐fold increase of specific protease activity. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity were 6.51 and 63.04 °C, respectively. Incubation in the presence of some salts enhanced enzyme activity, which peaked under 0.01 M BaCl2. The enzyme retained about 90% of enzymatic activity at temperatures 50–60 °C. The commercially available enzyme carriers evaluated, silica gel, Celite 545, and chitosan effectively immobilized the protease. The enzyme immobilized in Celite 545 retained 73.53% of the initial activity after 15 reuse cycles. These results are quite promising for large‐scale production and immobilization of protease from R. oryzicola, as the high operational stability of the immobilized enzyme lowers production costs in biotechnological applications that require high enzymatic activity and stability under high temperatures.
Local recurrence after local excision of early rectal cancer: a meta-analysis of completion TME, adjuvant (chemo)radiation, or no additional treatment
Authors: van Oostendorp S E , Smits L J H , Vroom Y , Detering R , Heymans M W , Moons L M G , Tanis P J , de Graaf E J R , Cunningham C , Denost Q , Kusters M , Tuynman J B 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe risks of local recurrence and treatment-related morbidity need to be balanced after local excision of early rectal cancer. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine oncological outcomes after local excision of pT1–2 rectal cancer followed by no additional treatment (NAT), completion total mesorectal excision (cTME) or adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (aCRT).MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The primary outcome was local recurrence. Statistical analysis included calculation of the weighted average of proportions.ResultsSome 73 studies comprising 4674 patients were included in the analysis. Sixty-two evaluated NAT, 13 cTME and 28 aCRT. The local recurrence rate for NAT among low-risk pT1 tumours was 6·7 (95 per cent c.i. 4·8 to 9·3) per cent. There were no local recurrences of low-risk pT1 tumours after cTME or aCRT. The local recurrence rate for high-risk pT1 tumours was 13·6 (8·0 to 22·0) per cent for local excision only, 4·1 (1·7 to 9·4) per cent for cTME and 3·9 (2·0 to 7·5) per cent for aCRT. Local recurrence rates for pT2 tumours were 28·9 (22·3 to 36·4) per cent with NAT, 4 (1 to 13) per cent after cTME and 14·7 (11·2 to 19·0) per cent after aCRT.ConclusionThere is a substantial risk of local recurrence in patients who receive no additional treatment after local excision, especially those with high-risk pT1 and pT2 rectal cancer. The lowest recurrence risk is provided by cTME; aCRT has outcomes comparable to those of cTME for high-risk pT1 tumours, but shows a higher risk for pT2 tumours.
Metabolic profile of curcumin self‐emulsifying drug delivery system in rats determined by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Liangyu , Tang Xiaojiao , Zhang Guozhe , Yang Li , Yuan Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCurcumin (Cur) is a natural anticancer pigment, but its poor absorption and extensive metabolism limit its clinical applications. In this study, an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method was employed to investigate the metabolic profiles of a Cur self‐emulsifying drug delivery system (C‐SEDDS) in rat plasma, urine, bile and feces after oral administration at 100 mg/kg. Protein precipitation, solid‐phase and ultrasonic extractions were used to prepare different biosamples. A total of 34 metabolites were identified using available reference standards, or tentatively identified based on the mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns and the chromatographic elution order. Nine metabolites of Cur were found for the first time in vivo. Glucuronidation, sulfation, reduction, dehydroxylation, demethylation, demethoxylation and methylation were its possible metabolic reactions. Moreover, the differences were compared in terms of plasma metabolites found in C‐SEDDS‐treated, Cur suspension‐treated and rats treated with a commercial curcuminoid phospholipid complex administered at the same oral dose. Dihydrocurcumin (DHC), DHC glucuronide and methylated DHC were found only in the metabolic profile of C‐SEDDS‐treated rat plasma, suggesting that different drug delivery systems may cause a change in Cur metabolic pathways. This study provides a sensitive and rapid method for the identification of Cur metabolites in biosamples.
The relationship between epilepsy and cognitive function in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Li Yihan , Sun Yulei , Zhang Tingting , Shi Qi , Sun Jintao , Xiang Jing , Chen Qiqi , Hu Zheng , Wang Xiaoshan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study was aimed to explore the relationship between neural network changes in newly diagnosed children with Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BECTS) and cognitive impairment.MethodsChildren's cognition was evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Fourth Edition (WISC‐IV). Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data of 18 healthy children and 22 BECTS patients were recorded in order to construct a functional connectivity (FC) network, which was quantified by graph theory (GT).ResultsThe mean age of the control group was 7.94 ± 1.89 years, and the mean age of BECTS patients was 8.14 ± 1.73 years. Our results show that the WISC‐IV index scores in the BECTS group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Besides, the FC network pattern of BECTS patients changed significantly in the 12–30, 30–80, and 250–500 Hz frequency band. The local functional connections between posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and frontal lobe varied significantly in 12–30, 80–250, and 250–500 Hz. Our GT analysis shows that the connection strength of BECTS patients increases significantly in the 12–30 Hz frequency band, the path length decreases significantly in the 12–30 Hz and 30–80 Hz frequency bands, with the clustering coefficient decreasing significantly in the 12–30 Hz, 30–80 Hz, and 250–500 Hz frequency bands. Correlation analysis showed that the full‐scale IQ (FSIQ) was positively correlated with the 12–30 Hz clustering coefficient, verbal comprehension index (VCI) was positively correlated with the 250–500 Hz clustering coefficient, perceptual reasoning index (PRI) was positively correlated with the 12–30 Hz clustering coefficient, and perceptual reasoning index (PSI) was negatively correlated with the 12–30 Hz path length.ConclusionThere is a trend of cognitive impairment in patients with early BECTS. This trend of cognitive impairment in early BECTS children may be related to the changes in the FC network pattern.