bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with age at diagnosis of diabetes among noninstitutionalized US population: the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Ilunga Tshiswaka Daudet , Agala Chris B. , Guillory A. J. , Walters Breanna , Mbizo Justice 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Demographic and anthropometric factors associated with the age at diagnosis of diabetes have not been extensively studied. Much of the literature using anthropometric measures has been associated with other health factors such as obesity and coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between different sets of anthropometric factors and age of diabetes diagnosis in the United States.

Methods
Using the NHANES 2015–2016 data set, weighted linear regression analysis was performed on observations from 600 qualified individuals with diabetes to study associations between anthropometric and demographic factors and the age of diabetes diagnosis.

Results
Results of our analysis support the evidence of significant relationships between the anthropometric characteristics and demographic factors and age at diabetes diagnosis. Specifically, age at diagnosis of diabetes is predicted to decrease by 1.03 (p < 0.01) and 0.91 (p < 0.01) years when BMI and upper leg length go up by one unit each, respectively. Similarly, age at diagnosis of diabetes decreases by 0.02 years and by 1.72 years when refrigerated glucose serum increases by 1 mg/dL (p < 0.05) and when household size increases by one person, respectively. Male respondents were diagnosed with diabetes 3.41 years later than their female counterparts. Conversely, age at diagnosis of diabetes increases by 1.24 years when the average sagittal abdominal diameter goes up by 1 cm (p < 0.05). In addition, Mexican American respondents were diagnosed 5.00 years younger than the non-Hispanic White counterparts.

Conclusions
Our findings show that anthropometric factors, including BMI, refrigerated glucose serum and upper leg length increase have an inverse linear association with age of diabetes diagnosis. The results of this study can help improve the efficiency of the methods of health professionals attempting to lower the rate of diabetes diagnoses.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: evaluating perioperative back pain through a simultaneous morphological and biomechanical approach
Authors: St-Georges Maxime , Teles Alisson R. , Rabau Oded , Saran Neil , Ouellet Jean A. , Ferland Catherine E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has been associated with diminished postural stability and a greater prevalence of back pain. Currently, the literature is lacking information on the effect of spinal fusion on both postural stability and its association with back pain. Our objectives were to evaluate the postsurgical effect of spinal morphological changes on static standing balance and assess the influence of these alterations on reported pain throughout the perioperative period.

Methods
Twenty consecutive AIS patients schedule to undergo spinal fusion surgery were recruited and followed prospectively at the Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada. Data was collected at the preoperative, 6 weeks and 6 months postoperative visits. Spinal morphology data was collected through 3D reconstructed simultaneous standing biplanar radiographs using the SterEOS software. Postural balance was assessed through Moticon© sensor insoles and analyzed through their software. The data was simultaneously collected as part of the Global Biomechanical and morphological Assessment. Pain was evaluated through self-reported questionnaires.

Results
Morphological curve parameters were significantly reduced after surgery. Balance parameters did not change significantly throughout the perioperative period with the exception of the Center of Pressure of the left foot medial/lateral transient shift (P = 0.017) at 6 weeks. Of note, preoperative balance parameters were associated with the degree of right thoracic Cobb angles (P = 0.029 R = 0.528). Pain scores significantly improved 6 weeks and 6 months after the surgery. Pain intensity diminished in the thoracic and lumbar spine but worsen in the neck region at the 6 weeks and 6 months postoperative time points (P = 0.044). Greater residual Cobb angle difference between Mid thoracic and Thoracolumbar/Lumbar curves was associated with greater pain severity at 6 weeks postop (P < 0.005). In addition, greater residual thoracic deformity was associated with significant pain severity 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Improved spinal morphology of postsurgical AIS patients has no significant impact on their static standing balance. Suggesting that other factors apart from the spinal morphology may contribute to AIS patients’ balance during stance. Although balance did not influence pain severity, spinal morphology and its correction appear to have influenced the intensity and location of back pain.
The development of clinical thinking in trainee physicians: the educator perspective
Authors: Locke Rachel , Mason Alice , Coles Colin , Lusznat Rosie-Marie , Masding Mike G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAn important element of effective clinical practice is the way physicians think when they encounter a clinical situation, with a significant number of trainee physicians challenged by translating their learning into professional practice in the clinical setting. This research explores the perceptions of educators about how trainee physicians develop their clinical thinking in clinical settings. It considers what educators and their colleagues did to help, as well as the nature of the context in which they worked.MethodA qualitative approach was used in this study with in depth interviews carried out with educators as key informants. Rich data derived from 15 interview transcripts were analysed thematically in a rigorous and iterative process.ResultsThree broad and overlapping themes were identified: working in an educationally minded culture; proximity of the educator to the trainee physician; and trajectory of the trainee physician. The departments in which these educators worked emphasised the importance for the education of trainee physicians. All members of the team were responsible for education of the team, and all members, particularly senior nurses, were able to give feedback upon the trainee physicians’ progress. Educators described working side by side with their trainee physician and frequently being in close proximity to them which means that the educator was both easily accessible and spent more time with their trainee physicians. They described a trajectory of the trainee physicians through the placement with close monitoring and informal assessment throughout.ConclusionRecommendations are made as to how trainee physicians can be supported to develop their clinical thinking. Educators and managers can analyse their own and their department’s practice and select the recommendations relevant to their local circumstances in order to make change. This study adds the educator perspective to a body of literature about the importance of context and supportive learning environments. As such the discussion is applicable to the education of other health professionals.
QALY-time: experts’ view on the use of the quality-adjusted life year in cost-effectiveness analysis in palliative care
Authors: Wichmann Anne B. , Goltstein Lia C. M. J. , Obihara Ndidi J. , Berendsen Madeleine R. , Van Houdenhoven M. , Morrison R. Sean , Johnston Bridget M. , Engels Y. ,   on behalf of the Radboud Honours Academy Think Tank, Berendsen Madeleine , Goltstein Lia , Knol Elze , Kool Melvin , Nienhuis Wytse , Nies Luc , Obihara Ndidi , Pieksma Jelte , Rovers Jordy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY) is internationally recognized as standard metric of health outcomes in cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) in healthcare. The ongoing debate concerning the appropriateness of its use for decision-making in palliative care has been recently mapped in a review. The aim was to report on and draw conclusions from two expert meetings that reflected on earlier mapped issues in order to reach consensus, and to advise on the QALY’s future use in palliative care.

Methods
A nominal group approach was used. In order to facilitate group decision making, three statements regarding the use of the QALY in palliative care were discussed in a structured way. Two groups of international policymakers, healthcare professionals and researchers participated. Data were analysed qualitatively using inductive coding.

Results
1) Most experts agreed that the recommended measurement tool for the QALYs ‘Q’ component, the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), is inappropriate for palliative care. A more sensitive tool, which might be based on the capabilities approach, could be used or developed. 2) Valuation of time should be incorporated in the ‘Q’ part, leaving the linear clock time in the ‘LY’ component. 3) Most experts agreed that the QALY, in its current shape, is not suitable for palliative care.

Conclusions
1) Although the EQ-5D does not suffice, a generic tool is needed for the QALY. As long as no suitable alternative is available, other tools can be used besides or serve as basis for the EQ-5D because of issues in conceptual overlap. 2) Future research should further investigate the valuation of time issue, and how best to integrate it in the ‘Q’ component. 3) A generic outcome measure of effectiveness is essential to justly allocate healthcare resources. However, experts emphasized, the QALY is and should be one of multiple criteria for choices in the healthcare insurance package.
Investigation on urinary and serum alpha klotho in dogs with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yi Hong jae , Lee Jong bok , Lee Kyu pil , Oh Ye-In , Song Kun ho , Seo Kyoung won 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
As a co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor 23, klotho plays a pivotal role in phosphate metabolism. The kidney is known to be the main source of soluble alpha-klotho and the principal regulator of its concentration. Previous studies in human participants showed that the concentration of soluble alpha-klotho in serum and urine decreased in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, no previous study has assessed soluble alpha-klotho levels in dogs. This study aimed to measure serum and urinary alpha-klotho levels in CKD dogs and identify their associations with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) CKD stages and other parameters known to be associated with CKD.

Results
Serum and urinary alpha klotho concentrations were measured by a commercially available canine-specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and compared between groups by a nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationships between variables. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate the effects of independent predictors on klotho concentrations. The urine klotho-to-creatinine ratio (UrKl/Cr) was significantly lower in stage 3 dogs than the control group and was significantly lower in dogs with stage 3 and 4 CKD than in those with stage 1 and 2 disease. UrKl/Cr was negatively correlated with serum symmetric dimethylarginine (sSDMA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and phosphorus concentration. Serum alpha-klotho concentration in dogs with stages 2 and 3 CKD was significantly lower than those in the control group. There was no significant correlation between serum alpha-klotho and BUN, creatinine, and phosphorus concentrations. No statistically significant differences were observed in UrKl/Cr and serum alpha-klotho concentration between groups based on sex, age, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC), or blood pressure.

Conclusions
UrKl/Cr decreased in dogs with advanced CKD, and it was negatively correlated with sSDMA, BUN, creatinine, and phosphorus concentrations. Thus, klotho is associated with CKD and its clinical consequences, including CKD-mineral bone disorder, in dogs. Although serum klotho concentration was negatively correlated with sSDMA levels, it was not apparently related to IRIS CKD stage or other parameters known to be associated with CKD.
A Dynamic Model of Rational Addiction with Stockpiling and Learning: An Empirical Examination of E-cigarettes
Authors: Chen Jialie , Rao Vithala R. 
Published: July 2020

Current regulations on e-cigarettes are minimal compared with cigarette regulations, despite their growing popularity globally. Advocates of e-cigarettes claim that they aid in ceasing smoking habits. However, leaving e-cigarettes unregulated has raised growing health concerns. Policymakers in several countries, including the United States and those in Europe, are considering and experimenting with policy interventions. To evaluate current policies and implement potential regulations on e-cigarettes, policymakers must understand the impact of e-cigarettes on consumers’ smoking behaviors. To address this issue, we construct a dynamic structural model that incorporates consumers’ purchases and consumption behaviors of both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The results from our proposed model indicate that consumption of e-cigarettes promotes, rather than counteracts, smoking. This is because the less costly e-cigarettes incentivize consumers to build their addiction to nicotine, which, in return, increases future consumption of both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. This finding calls for regulations on e-cigarettes. We then conduct counterfactual analyses to evaluate two policy regulations on e-cigarettes: (1) e-cigarette taxes and (2) price regulation. Because both of these policies have been discussed extensively in both the United States and many countries in the European Union, results of our policy simulations address these policy debates. We find that both are effective in reducing overall consumption of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. We also examine the role of consumers’ heterogeneity on the simulation results as well as the policy implications. We conclude with future research directions, such as inclusion of social influence and cross-selling marketing. This paper was accepted by Matthew Shum, marketing.
L’età dello schermo panoramico: Il cinema italiano e la rivoluzione widescreen, Federico Vitella (2018)
Authors: Hennessey Brendan 
Published: July 2020

Review of: L’età dello schermo panoramico: Il cinema italiano e la rivoluzione widescreen, Federico Vitella (2018)
Pisa: Edizioni ETS, 214 pp.,
ISBN 978-8-84675-445-5, p/bk, €20.00
As Tecnologias Digitais na Educação Contemporânea /Digital Technologies in Contemporary Education
Authors: Vidal Altemar Santos , Miguel Joelson Rodrigues 
Published: July 2020

Este estudo discute a Pressupostos das Tecnologias Digitais de informação e de comunicação na Educação Contemporânea. Os novos recursos tecnológicos apesar de indispensáveis para a colaboração dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem, ainda representam um desafio para muitos profissionais da educação. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que levou em conta as idéias dos seguintes autores: A metodologia adotada consistiu de uma revisão integrativa baseada no aporte teórico de autores como Bertoline et al. (2012), com reflexões sobre o uso das tecnologias digitais; Araújo (2011), que trata sobre quarta revolução educacional referindo-se as TICs; Nonato (2006) que discorre sobre novas tecnologias, educação e contemporaneidade; Moran (2015), que nos orienta que o ensinar e aprender com o auxílio da tecnologia é muito mais constante; Gatti (2016) que informa ser a formação de professores, o que possibilita novas formas de aprender e Sandre (2018), que destaca a importância dos recursos tecnológicos como facilitadora do processo de ensino – aprendizagem. Os resultados demonstraram que são enormes as possibilidades das TICs no âmbito educacional criando inúmeras ferramentas de comunicação, informação e interação. Elas modificaram sensivelmente as concepções de ensino, aprendizagem, sala de aula e avaliação, passando a exigir da escola, dos docentes e gestores uma reconfiguração em suas ações pedagógicas.
Postura do Professor e Atuação Didática para uma Aprendizagem Significativa / Teacher's Posture and Teaching Practice for Meaningful Learning
Authors: Sousa Ana Alice Rodrigues de , Miguel Joelson Rodrigues 
Published: July 2020

O presente estudo objetivou uma discussão sobre a Postura do Professor e Atuação Didática para uma Aprendizagem Significativa. A metodologia consistiu em revisão integrativa com os seguintes aportes teóricos de autores como: Freire (1979, 1993 e 1996), Gadotti (2007), Freire (2016), Borges (2005); Candau (2014); Carvalho (2006) e Riolfi (2014) e demais pesquisadores, educadores e profissionais que atuam e defendem uma melhoria tanto para a educação na zona rural, quanto nos métodos e metodologias utilizadas nas salas de ensino multisseriadas. Os resultados parecem indicar que cabe ao professor a tarefa de buscar recursos pedagógicos que impliquem em instigar no aluno, o comportamento crítico e indagador. Proporcionar sempre nas situações de sala de aula, grupos de discussões e outras ferramentas didáticas que estimulem o protagonismo dos alunos para questionar e buscar soluções criativas do tipo “... e se?...”. Estas criam oportunidades para levar os alunos a aprenderem a aprender e não, a repetir respostas prontas do livro didático.
Sindrome de Burnout entre Docentes de um Centro Universitário do Acre / Burnout Syndrome among Teachers of a University Center in Acre
Authors: Silva Luanderson Camilo Nogueira da , Silva Neto Lino Gomes da , Moreno Lucas Freire , Gadelha Pádua Custódio da Silva , Santos Aldaysa Sampaio dos , Costa Ruth Silva Lima da 
Published: July 2020

Este estudo objetivou identificar fatores associados a Síndrome de Burnout entre docentes de um centro universitário do Acre. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 40 docentes, através da aplicação do questionário de auto avaliação do Burnout: Maslach Burnout Inventory – MBI. A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino, com idade de 30 a 39 anos, que atuavam em tempo integral no centro universitário. Quanto as médias encontradas frente as dimensões do Burnout, a de maior índice médio foi a de Realização Profissional (3,2), seguida pela de Exaustão Emocional (2,7) e a de Despersonalização (2,7). Os resultados apontam que existe a possibilidade de que a síndrome esteja em processo de inicialização na população estudada, tendo em vista que os resultados obtidos nos quesitos de exaustão emocional e despersonalização foram relevantes, no entanto o desenvolvimento da doença pode estar sendo contido pelo sentimento de realização profissional dos indivíduos.
CCTs as new biomarkers for the prognosis of head and neck squamous cancer
Authors: Dong Yanbo , Lu Siyu , Wang Zhenxiao , Liu Liangfa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The chaperonin-containing T-complex protein 1 (CCT) subunits participate in diverse diseases. However, little is known about their expression and prognostic values in human head and neck squamous cancer (HNSC). This article aims to evaluate the effects of CCT subunits regarding their prognostic values for HNSC. We mined the transcriptional and survival data of CCTs in HNSC patients from online databases. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed and a functional enrichment analysis of target genes was performed. We observed that the mRNA expression levels of CCT1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8 were higher in HNSC tissues than in normal tissues. Survival analysis revealed that the high mRNA transcriptional levels of CCT3/4/5/6/7/8 were associated with a low overall survival. The expression levels of CCT4/7 were correlated with advanced tumor stage. And the overexpression of CCT4 was associated with higher N stage of patients. Validation of CCTs’ differential expression and prognostic values was achieved by the Human Protein Atlas and GEO datasets. Mechanistic exploration of CCT subunits by the functional enrichment analysis suggests that these genes may influence the HNSC prognosis by regulating PI3K-Akt and other pathways. This study implies that CCT3/4/6/7/8 are promising biomarkers for the prognosis of HNSC.
Donation of Genetic Material and the Polish Law on Infertility Treatment
Authors: Bączyk-Rozwadowska Kinga 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Since the procedures of medically assisted procreation (such as insemination or in vitro fertilization) carried out with donated gametes have become common, the problem of protecting donors and children has arisen. Donors needed the protection of their right to respect for family and private life, whereas children needed the proper assimilation with a new family, based on social bonds. Initially, most countries introduced, as a basic rule, the principle of anonymity of gamete and embryo donation (the so-called traditional model). According to the anonymity rule, a child conceived via medically assisted procedures does not have access to information about the donor’s identity, and vice versa. However, due to the increasing importance of the right to know one’s genetic origin, many countries decided to change the law and allow the child and the donor access to the donor conception register (the so-called liberal model). The Polish Act on Infertility Treatment of 2015 adopted the traditional model, with a few modifications. Opinions on the new regulation differ, and there is an ongoing discussion in the literature concerning in particular the confidentiality of the donor’s identifying data.
Relevant Issues of the Commissioning and Carrying out of Forensic Psychiatric and Forensic Mental Health Assessment in the Criminal Procedure of Latvia
Authors: Sumbarova Marina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The high quality of pre-trial and judicial criminal procedure depends on the widespread use of data of technical, natural and other sciences for the purpose of solving crimes.
The goal of the research is the search for and determination of modern ways and means of optimizing the activity of persons directing the process, judges, prosecutors and investigators, in solving the tasks of the commission and carrying out forensic psychiatric and forensic mental health assessment in the course of the investigation of crimes.
Based on the results of this research, conclusions are drawn, and suggestions are made to improve the Criminal Procedure Law (Latvia), related to the commissioning and carrying out of forensic psychiatric and forensic mental health assessment.
Medical Confidentiality vs. Press Inquiry
Authors: Cekała Aleksandra , Nowak Artur 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Medical confidentiality is a legally regulated principle of professional ethics, which not only protects patients from the disclosure of their confidential data, but also constitutes limitations on the possibility of transferring information between healthcare providers and the press. This article has two main objectives. To show the impact of medical confidentiality on journalistic activities, in particular on the procedure of providing information to the press as part of a press inquiry. The second goal is to display to both sides of the conflict of interest certain patterns of correct behaviour, and their rights and duties towards not only each other, but also the patient.