bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing future distribution, suitability of corridors and efficiency of protected areas to conserve vulnerable ungulates under climate change
Authors: Malakoutikhah Shima , Fakheran Sima , Hemami Mahmoud‐Reza , Tarkesh Mostafa , Senn Josef 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimCentral part of Iran harbours populations of wild ungulates that are threatened or extinct over large parts of the region, and are likely to be impacted by climate change. In this study, we predicted the impact of climate change on the distribution of three vulnerable ungulates in central Iran. We then evaluated future suitability of corridors connecting the protected areas for movement of the ungulates in response to climate change.LocationCentral Iran.MethodsImpact of climate change on distribution of goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa), wild sheep (Ovis spp) and wild goat (Capra aegagrus) was predicted adapting an ensemble modelling approach and under the RCP 8.5 emission scenario. We then used CIRCUITSCAPE software with current and future distribution maps to identify corridors for movement of the three ungulates, and evaluate likely changes in their suitability under climate change.ResultsOur results revealed that climate change might result in loss of 55%, 69% and 76% of suitable habitats for goitered gazelle, wild sheep and wild goat by 2070, respectively. These losses also resulted in some protected areas to become unsuitable for the ungulates. However, we identified key protected areas with the potential for future protection of these ungulates. For the three species, we also identified corridors which would persist into the future, allowing the impacted populations to move in response to climate change.Main conclusionsConservation of ungulate populations in Iran mainly depends on the protected areas. To maintain the role of the protected areas in conserving these mammals under climate change, we recommend the incorporation of their potential future distribution into conservation plans, increasing protection status of the key protected areas, and maintain critical corridors. In this regard, combining results of distribution and connectivity models provides useful information for effective management of these ungulates in the future.
Need for less tight glucose control in early pregnancy after embryogenesis due to high risk of maternal hypoglycaemia in women with pre‐existing diabetes can be compensated by good control in late pregnancy
Authors: Hauffe F. , Fauzan R. , Schohe A. L. , Scholle D. , Sedlacek L. , Scherer K. A. , Klapp C. , Ramsauer B. , Henrich W. , Schlembach D. , Abou‐Dakn M. , Schaefer‐Graf U. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimPoor glucose control is associated with adverse outcomes in pregnancies with pre‐existing diabetes. However, strict glucose control increases the risk of severe hypoglycaemia, particularly in the first trimester. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether less tight glucose control in the first trimester determines adverse outcomes or can be compensated for by good control in late pregnancy.MethodsRetrospective data were collected from 517 singleton pregnancies complicated by pre‐existing diabetes delivering between 2010 and 2017. Three hundred and thirty‐six pregnancies fulfilled the inclusion criteria of having available HbA1c values either pre‐conception or in the first trimester (65% type 1 diabetes, 35% type 2 diabetes).ResultsHigher HbA1c values in the first trimester were associated with increasing rates of large for gestational age (LGA) neonates, preterm delivery or neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated third trimester HbA1c, type 1 diabetes, multiparity and excess weight gain, but not first trimester HbA1c, to be independently predictive for LGA. Pre‐eclampsia and third trimester HbA1c increased the risk for preterm delivery. If HbA1c was ≤ 42 mmol/mol (6.0%) in the third trimester, rates of adverse outcomes were not significantly higher even if HbA1c targets of ≤ 48 mmol/mol (6.5%) had not been met in the first trimester. Good first trimester glucose control did not modify the rates of adverse outcomes if HbA1c was > 42 mmol/mol (6.0%) in the third trimester.ConclusionsLess tight glycaemic control, for example due to high frequency of severe hypoglycaemia in the first trimester, does not lead to increased adverse neonatal events if followed by tight control in the third trimester. Besides glycaemic control, excess weight gain is a modifiable predictor of adverse outcome.
How an ineffective agent can increase his budget
Authors: Terai Kimiko , Glazer Amihai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA principal aware that an agent exerts little effort will nevertheless fund the agent, because the principal values the output the agent produces. The agent in turn decides how hard to work by anticipating how his behavior affects the budget the principal will give him. Under some conditions, the principal gives the agent large budgets anticipating that the agent will not work hard. The corrupt environment aggravates the problem. An agent who can set the budget ameliorates the problem, though incompletely.
The real urban wage in an agricultural economy without landless farmers: Serbia, 1862–1910†
Authors: Mijatović Boško , Milanović Branko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article presents the first estimates of the welfare ratio for Serbia using nineteenth‐ and early twentieth‐century data on the wages of skilled and unskilled workers (including the part paid in kind) and the prices of goods in ‘subsistence’ and ‘respectability’ consumption baskets. It finds stagnation in the unskilled wage, and a modest increase in the skilled wage. The article introduces several adjustments to conventional methodology in order to make it more relevant for predominantly agricultural societies.
Relationship between stressful life events, stigma and life satisfaction with the willingness of disclosure of psychotic illness: A community study in Hong Kong
Authors: Suen Yi Nam , Chan Kit Wa Sherry , Siu Ling Tsz Theresa , Lo Lik Hang Lincoln , Cheung Charlton , Hui Lai Ming Christy , Lee Ho Ming Edwin , Chang Wing Chung , Wong Pui Sze , Chen Yu Hai Eric 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe preference of and potential barriers to disclosure of psychotic illness vary across cultures. Studying its patterns and correlates can guide the design of future culture‐specific intervention and public education approaches to improve willingness to disclose and thereby reducing the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP).MethodsA population‐based, random telephone survey was conducted with a total of 1514 respondents in Hong Kong in January 2018. Cross‐sectional data on willingness to disclose psychotic illness, life satisfaction, stigmatizing attitude and recent experience of stressful life events (SLEs) were analysed against age and gender using structural equation modelling (SEM).ResultsUnwillingness to disclose to anyone was reported by 12% of the participants. Family was reported as the preferred disclosure candidate by most respondents. Our model, which showed a good fit to the data demonstrated that stigmatizing attitude and life satisfaction were directly associated with willingness to disclose illness. Younger age was correlated with more recent experience of SLEs, lower life satisfaction and less willingness to disclose illness. Women's disclosure willingness was positively associated with their life satisfaction, which was sensitive to recent exposure to single SLE. In contrast, men's was negatively associated with their stigmatizing attitude, which increased significantly upon exposure to two or more recent SLEs.ConclusionEncouraging the public to help their family to seek treatment should be a focal point of a successful mental health public education campaign. Cultural‐specific and integrated interventions should be developed targeting the vulnerable groups including people with high recent life stress, particularly woman and those with younger age.
Training early psychosis community clinicians in CBT for psychosis: Implementation and feasibility
Authors: Hardy Kate V. , Espil Flint M. , Smith Christopher L. , Furuzawa Adriana , Lean Melanie , Zhao Zhen , Godzikovskaya Julia , Gilbert Al , Loewy Rachel L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveCognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has demonstrated efficacy for treating of psychotic symptoms and is recommended as an evidence‐based practice (EBP) in early psychosis services. Despite this recommendation, there is limited information about the feasibility of training community clinicians, working in an early psychosis service, to competence in the delivery of this intervention.MethodFifty clinicians working in an early psychosis service across five programs in Northern California were trained in CBT for psychosis (CBTp) between 2010 and 2014. Following the training, clinicians attended weekly group consultation and submitted taped sessions for review. Tapes were rated for competency using the Cognitive Therapy Scale‐Revised (CTS‐R). Clinicians who achieved competence were engaged in a train‐the‐trainer model to support ongoing sustainability of the training program.ResultsData from 40 clinicians were reviewed for achievement of competence. Over the training period 18 clinicians achieved competence while 20 clinicians left the service before achieving competence and 12 were still in the process of achieving competence at the point of data analysis. It took on average 54 weeks (range 17‐130 weeks) and an average of six tape reviews (range 3‐18) to train clinicians to competency.ConclusionsCommunity clinicians working in an early psychosis program can be trained to competence in CBTp following an initial didactic period and ongoing weekly group consultation, although staff turnover hindered implementation. Challenges and opportunities for future implementation in community sites are presented in the context of further expansion of early psychosis services in the United States.
Driving factors analysis of agricultural carbon emissions based on extended STIRPAT model of Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Xiong Chuanhe , Chen Shuang , Xu Liting 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSTIRPAT (stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence, and technology) model is used to identify the influencing factors of agricultural carbon emissions in Jiangsu province. By referring to Kaya identity and combining with the actual situation of agricultural carbon emissions, four basic influencing factors were obtained: agricultural production efficiency, agricultural structure, agricultural economic development level, and agricultural population size. In addition, urbanization, mechanization, and natural disaster level were listed as influencing factors. The results demonstrated: (a) Urbanization was the first promoting factor of agricultural carbon emissions, indicating a 0.2510% increase in agricultural carbon emissions due to a 1% increase in urbanization. The other three positive factors were, respectively, agricultural mechanization, agricultural structure, and agricultural economic development and their influence indexes were 0.1481, 0.1163, and 0.0845, respectively. (b) Agricultural production efficiency was the most important factor to restrain agricultural carbon emissions. For every 1% increase in agricultural production efficiency, corresponding agricultural carbon emissions would be reduced by 0.3288%. Agricultural population size was also an important factor to reduce agricultural carbon emissions and its influence index was −0.045. Finally, we propose policy recommendations including implementation of orderly urbanization, dependence and development of low carbon technology, establishment of agricultural carbon compensation mechanism, etc.
Open‐Label, Multi‐Dose, Pilot Safety Study of Injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA Toward the Otic Ganglion for the Treatment of Intractable Chronic Cluster Headache
Authors: Crespi Joan , Bratbak Daniel , Dodick David W. , Matharu Manjit , Solheim Ole , Gulati Sasha , Berntsen Erik Magnus , Tronvik Erling 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe otic ganglion (OG) provides parasympathetic innervation to the cerebral circulation and cranial structures and may be involved in the pathophysiology of trigeminal autonomic headaches. This structure has never been targeted in any headache disorder.ObjectiveTo investigate the safety of injecting onabotulinumtoxin A (BTA) toward the OG in 10 patients with intractable chronic cluster headache and to collect efficacy data.MethodsA total of 10 patients with chronic cluster headache were enrolled in this open‐label, multi‐dose pilot safety study. All patients were recruited and treated on an out‐patient basis at St Olav's University Hospital (Norway). In 5 patients each, the OG was the injection target with 12.5 IU of BTA or 25 IU, respectively. The primary outcome measure was adverse events (AEs) and the main secondary outcome was the number of attacks per week measured at baseline and in the second month following injection.ResultsFor the primary endpoint, we analyzed data for all 10 patients. There were a total of 17 AEs in 6 of the 10 patients. All AEs were considered mild and disappeared by the end of follow‐up. The median number of attacks per week at baseline was 17.0 [7.8 to 25.8] vs 14.0 [7.3 to 20.0] in the second month following injection; difference: 3 (95%CI: −0.3 to 7.9), P = .063.ConclusionsInjection with BTA toward the OG appears to be safe. We did not find a statistically significant reduction in the number of attacks per week at month 2 after injection compared to the baseline. This study suggests that the OG is not an important target for the treatment of chronic cluster headache. A future study employing more precise targeting of the OG may be indicated.
A blackberry–dill extract combination synergistically increases skin elasticity
Authors: Meza D. , Li W.‐H. , Seo I. , Parsa R. , Kaur S. , Kizoulis M. , Southall M.D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe loss of structural elastin due to intrinsic and extrinsic ageing results in the skin’s inability to stretch and recoil (decrease in elasticity) and manifests as loss of skin firmness and sagging. While other extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as collagen and hyaluronic acid are continually synthesized and assembled through life, elastic fibres are not. Elastic fibre assembly and functionality require fibre cross‐linking, induced by the lysyl oxidase‐like (LOXL) enzymes, which sharply decrease during ageing.ObjectiveTo evaluate the enhanced elastogenic effect of a blackberry–dill extract combination, which was hypothesized to induce elastin fibre component synthesis, fibre cross‐linking and reduce elastin fibre degradation.MethodsThe blackberry and the dill extracts were tested separately and in combination to confirm single ingredient bioactivity and synergistic benefits. Human skin explants, dermal fibroblasts, elastase assays, ELISAs, quantitative real‐time PCRs and spectrofluorometer measurements were used. Moreover, a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical study was carried out to assess skin elasticity using Cutometer and histologically from biopsies.ResultsThe blackberry extract induced elastin gene expression, elastin promoter activity and inhibited elastic fibre degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 9 and 12. The dill extract induced elastin, collagen and LOXL1 gene expression, resulting in enhanced fibre cross‐linking in human skin explants. Clinically, the blackberry and dill combination treatment displayed synergistic pro‐elasticity activity as compared to each ingredient alone and placebo.ConclusionTaken together, these results demonstrated the two multimodal plant‐based extracts complemented each other in terms of bioactivity and resulted in a synergistic elastogenesis induction.
Effects of adding B2O3 on microwave dielectric properties of 0.9625MgTiO3‐0.0375(Ca0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 composite ceramics
Authors: Chen Chuying , Peng Zhijian , Xie Luzhi , Bi Ke , Fu Xiuli 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA series of 0.9625MgTiO3‐0.0375(Ca0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 composite ceramics added with different amounts of B2O3 (1‐5 wt%) were prepared via the solid state sintering method using the pre‐synthesized raw MgTiO3 and (Ca0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 powders by molten‐salt reaction. The sintering temperature of 0.9625MgTiO3‐0.0375(Ca0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 composite ceramics can be reduced from 1275°C to 1175°C due to the liquid phase sintering effect of B2O3. When the adding amount of B2O3 was more than 2 wt%, a new phase MgTi2O5 could be detected by X‐ray diffraction, which would substantially degrade the dielectric properties of the obtained ceramics. Resultantly, the quality factor (Q·f) and dielectric constant (εr) of the samples increase first and decrease later with increasing addition amount of B2O3. In addition, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) progressively increases with increasing content of B2O3. By sintering at 1175°C for 4 hours, the obtained 0.9625MgTiO3‐0.0375Ca0.5Sr0.5TiO3 composite ceramics with 2 wt% B2O3 possess the optimal microwave dielectric properties of εr = 18.9, Q·f = 57 000 GHz and τf = −1.2 ppm/°C.
Endocrinological and symptomatic characteristics of patients with late‐onset hypogonadism classified by functional categories based on testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels
Authors: Ishikawa Keisuke , Tsujimura Akira , Miyoshi Miho , Miyoshi Yuto , Ogasa Taiki , Hiramatsu Ippei , Uesaka Yuka , Nozaki Taiji , Shirai Masato , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Horie Shigeo 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo define the characteristics of patients with late‐onset hypogonadism based on endocrinological findings.MethodsWe assessed age, body mass index, laboratory/endocrinological profiles and symptom‐specific questionnaire scores of 967 men with late‐onset hypogonadism symptoms. The patients comprised four groups by testosterone and luteinizing hormone concentrations: normal group, compensated hypogonadism group, primary hypogonadism group and secondary hypogonadism group. We compared characteristics between the normal group and compensated hypogonadism group in men with normal testosterone concentration, and the primary hypogonadism group and secondary hypogonadism group in hypogonadal men after age adjustment.ResultsThe normal group, compensated hypogonadism group, primary hypogonadism group and secondary hypogonadism group accounted for 83.6%, 3.4%, 0.8% and 12.2% of patients, respectively. Despite age adjustment, serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and insulin‐like growth factor 1 concentrations were significantly lower in the compensated hypogonadism group than the normal group. Only the Aging Males' Symptoms scale mental subscore was significantly different. Serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations were significantly lower in the primary hypogonadism group than the secondary hypogonadism group. Only the Aging Males' Symptoms scale sexual subscore was significantly different.ConclusionsMost patients with late‐onset hypogonadism symptoms are in the normal group, with secondary hypogonadism being much more frequent than primary hypogonadism. Current symptomatic differences among these groups are minor. Classifying patients by testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels might provide useful information for follow up.
3D Printing in the Wild: Adopting Digital Fabrication in Elementary School Education
Authors: Leinonen Teemu , Virnes Marjo , Hietala Iida , Brinck Jaana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent years, digital fabrication, and especially its associated activities of 3D design and printing, have taken root in school education as curriculum‐based and maker‐oriented learning activities. This article explores the adoption of 3D design and printing for learning by fourth, fifth and sixth grade children (n=64) in multidisciplinary learning modules in elementary school education. School‐coordinated 3D projects were not led by design experts, such as art and design teachers, designers, researchers or technical specialists, but run ‘in the wild’ by school teachers. The study was conducted by using an ethnographic research design, including field observations, non‐formal interviews and a reflective questionnaire. The results indicate that, in the adoption of 3D printing activities, learning is centred on the technical skills and the usage of 3D tools. Hence, the elementary ABCs of 3D printing do not achieve the full design and creativity potential of digital fabrication that earlier research has suggested. However, the results do have implications for the potential of 3D printing projects to increase children’s empowerment. In their current state, 3D design and printing are some of the learning tools, among others, and similar achievements can be achieved with other hands‐on learning technologies. In order to enhance the learning of creativity and design thinking skills, 3D activities in school should be planned accordingly.
Non‐pulmonary vein triggers in nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation: Implications of pathophysiology for catheter ablation
Authors: Della Rocca Domenico G. , Tarantino Nicola , Trivedi Chintan , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Anannab Alisara , Salwan Anu S. , Gianni Carola , Bassiouny Mohamed , Al‐Ahmad Amin , Romero Jorge , Briceño David F. , Burkhardt J. David , Gallinghouse G. Joseph , Horton Rodney P. , Di Biase Luigi , Natale Andrea 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRhythm control of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) patients represents a challenge for the modern interventional cardiac electrophysiologist; as a matter of fact, there is still divergence regarding the best ablative approach to adopt in this population. Different investigational endpoints, variability of techniques and tools, significant technological evolution, and the lack of universally accepted pathophysiological models engendered a considerable heterogeneity in terms of techniques and outcomes, so much that the treatment of persistent subtypes of AF commonly still relies mainly on pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. The purpose of the present review is to report the current experimental and clinical evidence supporting the importance of mapping and ablating non‐PV triggers and describe our institutional approach for the ablation of nonparoxysmal AF.
Impact of primary aldosteronism on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Katsuragawa Sho , Tsurutani Yuya , Takiguchi Tomoko , Saito Jun , Nishikawa Tetsuo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionRenal dysfunction might quickly progress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, when accompanied by hypertension. However, whether primary aldosteronism (PA), which autonomously over‐secretes aldosterone, causes additional renal damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is unclear. We evaluated the impact of PA on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsA retrospective review of all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who visited Yokohama Rosai Hospital’s (Yokohama Japan) outpatient department between April 2017 and March 2018 was carried out. Records of patients with PA who underwent PA treatment by adrenalectomy or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (PA group) and those without PA (non‐PA group) were extracted, and renal function was compared between the two groups. Untreated PA patients were excluded, as their renal function might be overestimated as a result of glomerular hyperfiltration.ResultsThere were 83 patients in the PA group and 1,580 patients in the non‐PA group. The PA group had significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rates than the non‐PA group (66.3 [52.4–78.2] vs 70.5 [56.0–85.6] mL/min/1.73 m2, P = 0.047). Multiple regression analysis showed that PA was a factor for decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, independent of age, sex, glycated hemoglobin, diuretic use and hypertension (P = 0.025). PA induced a 3.7‐mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% confidence interval 0.47–6.9) decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate, equivalent to that induced by 4.4 years of aging.ConclusionsOur results show that in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, PA is an independent risk factor for renal dysfunction. To prevent the progression of renal failure, PA should not be overlooked.