bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined XRD-paramagnetic 13C NMR spectroscopy of 1,2,3-triazoles for revealing copper traces in a Huisgen click-chemistry cycloaddition. A model case
Authors: Canseco-González Daniel , O José Luis Rodríguez de la , Herbert-Pucheta José Enrique 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCopper-catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry robustness has been demonstrated over recent years to produce 1,2,3-triazoles with excellent yields at mild conditions with simple purification methods. However, the consequences of having copper paramagnetic traces in final products, which complicate spectroscopic assignments and can produce inaccurate conclusions, has been scarcely discussed. Herein we present a strategy that combines X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) with 13C- paramagnetic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, in order to demonstrate the presence of paramagnetic metal traces at standard Huisgen synthesis and purification conditions. We also demonstrate that the derivatization of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles to produce 1,3,4,-trisubstituted-1,2,3.triazolium salts, promotes an efficient removal of Cu(II/I) moieties. Evidence of paramagnetic metal moieties is given using XRD structural analysis of abnormalities in torsional angles between substituents and the 1,2,3-triazole center, in parallel to 13C- paramagnetic NMR chemical shift and line width analysis. As model systems to demonstrate the importance of characterizing paramagnetic traces, we present the synthesis of novel 1-((3s,5s,7s)-adamantan-1-yl)-4-cyclopropyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole and its derivatized 1-((3s,5s,7s)-adamantan-1-yl)-4-cyclopropyl-3-methyl-1H-[1,2,3]-triazol-3-ium triflate salt.
Effect of Catalyst (de)activation on Reagent Diffusion in ZSM-5/alumina Extruded Pellet for the Methanol-to-hydrocarbons Conversion
Authors: Zhokh Alexey A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A pelletized ZSM-5/alumina catalyst was prepared by the extrusion technique. The catalyst was activated by ion-exchange with NH4NO3 aqueous solution. The activated catalyst was trained in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction which caused the catalyst deactivation due to coke deposition (6.5 % wt.). Coke deposition resulted in a two-time decrease in the micropore volume. The methane, benzene, and methanol transport through ZSM-5/alumina pellet were consequently studied prior to activation, after activation, and after catalyst deactivation. A slight decrease in the diffusion rate after catalyst activation is observed. After deactivation, the diffusion rate increases insignificantly. The diffusion regime remains unchanged with respect to either activation or deactivation procedure. Contrary, for the methanol, the diffusion rate through a deactivated catalyst pellet remarkably increases due to micropore blockage by coke deposition. The obtained results reveal that the micropores blockage during the catalyst deactivation enhances the methanol mass transfer.
Least eigenvalue of the connected graphs whose complements are cacti
Authors: Wang Haiying , Javaid Muhammad , Akram Sana , Jamal Muhammad , Wang Shaohui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Suppose that Γ is a graph of order n and A(Γ) = [ai,j] is its adjacency matrix such that ai,j is equal to 1 if vi is adjacent to vj and ai,j is zero otherwise, where 1 ≤ i, j ≤ n. In a family of graphs, a graph is called minimizing if the least eigenvalue of its adjacency matrix is minimum in the set of the least eigenvalues of all the graphs. Petrović et al. [On the least eigenvalue of cacti, Linear Algebra Appl., 2011, 435, 2357-2364] characterized a minimizing graph in the family of all cacti such that the complement of this minimizing graph is disconnected. In this paper, we characterize the minimizing graphs G ∈
$\begin{array}{}
{\it\Omega}^c_n
\end{array}$, i.e.

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\lambda_{min}(G)\leq\lambda_{min}(C^c)
\end{array}$$
for each Cc ∈
$\begin{array}{}
{\it\Omega}^c_n
\end{array}$, where
$\begin{array}{}
{\it\Omega}^c_n
\end{array}$ is a collection of connected graphs such that the complement of each graph of order n is a cactus with the condition that either its each block is only an edge or it has at least one block which is an edge and at least one block which is a cycle.
MBJ-neutrosophic ideals of BCK/BCI-algebras
Authors: Jun Young Bae , Roh Eun Hwan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The notion of MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is introduced, and its properties are investigated. Conditions for an MBJ-neutrosophic set to be an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal are provided. In a BCK/BCI-algebra, a condition for an MBJ-neutrosophic set to be an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is given. In a BCK-algebra, a condition for an MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra to be an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is given. In a BCI-algebra, conditions for an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal to be an MBJ-neutrosophic subalgebra are considered. In an (S)-BCK-algebra, we show that every MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is an MBJ-neutrosophic ∘-subalgebra, and a characterization of an MBJ-neutrosophic ideal is established.
Die Apologien – Zur Prägekraft einer christlichen Gebetsform für die mittelalterliche Religiosität
Authors: Eck Sebastian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The term ‘apologies’ describes prayers offered by Christians during Mass to express their sinfulness and unworthiness. In liturgical scholarship, these prayers have usually been regarded as early medieval priestly prayers, and it has been argued that they largely vanished after their peak of importance in the 11th century Order of Mass. In my article, I show that these prayers did not disappear but are transmitted in late medieval private prayer books. In light of this transmission, I propose to conjoin scholarly perspectives from liturgical studies and cultural history in order to understand apologies as expressions of devotional individuation.
Die Arbeit mit Bildern
Authors: Wieland Janna R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Der vorliegende Text umreißt Janna R. Wielands Arbeits- und Denkweise als ethnographisch forschende Kulturwissenschaftlerin, deren Blick durch raumtheoretische Ansätze und Ansätze des New Materialism gerahmt wird. Auf diese Weise wird eine Lesart zu den sich aus der Forschung heraus materialisierenden Darstellungsweisen in diesem Band gegeben. Für das Format dieser Methodenreflektion wurde die Ich-Perspektive gewählt, um die disziplinäre Situiertheit der Forscherin und ihre Auseinandersetzung mit den Methoden des Feldes sowie ihrer eigenen und im Kontext des Projekts (weiter)entwickelten methodischen Zugänge (insbesondere unter Einbezug des Zeichnens und der Arbeit mit Bildern) zu verdeutlichen.
Israel’s Foreign Aid to Africa & UN Voting: An Empirical Examination
Authors: Lutmar Carmela , Mandler Leah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
According to International Relations scholarship, the main formal motivation for foreign aid is usually the unexpressed expectation for improvement of bilateral relations and overall international support. There is an anticipation that aid recipients will not “forget” their donors on the international stage, in particularly during important sessions at the UNGA. We test this assertion empirically on the case of Israeli foreign aid to African countries, using data on Israeli Official Development Aid provisions between 1997 and 2014, and data on voting patterns of aid recipients in the UN General Assembly (UNGA). Our results testify that Israeli bilateral humanitarian foreign aid not only has not provided its expected diplomatic revenues, but may perhaps even hindered African states’ support in the UN. Concomitantly, our results testify that Israeli Official Development Aid (ODA) does not have the anticipated long term effects on international support towards Israel, but instead only a short-lived influence. The results are informative about the usefulness of foreign aid as a diplomatic tool, with important policy implications for decision makers in Israel and worldwide.
Portuguese compounds
Authors: Rio-Torto Graça , Ribeiro Sílvia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article presents an overview of compounding in contemporary Portuguese. Conceived as a plurilexematic unit used as a holistic denomination, a compound is characterized by lexical atomicity. The continuum of compound classes that we propose is based on the morpho-lexical nature of the internal units (root, word) and on the (non)conformity of compound constructions with Portuguese syntactic templates. Since Portuguese compounds constitute a heterogeneous and borderline class, this analysis also focuses on the boundaries of compoundhood, namely those existing between compounds and noun phrases. This article also concentrates on the internal grammatical (coordinative, subordinative, attributive) and thematic relations and analyses Portuguese compounds with respect to headedness in its morphological, semantic and categorial dimensions. Finally, we stress the existence of a narrow relationship between internal constituency, headedness and inflectional patterns of Portuguese compounds.
The structure of metrical patterns in tunes and in literary verse. Evidence from discrepancies between musical and linguistic rhythm in Italian songs
Authors: Proto Teresa , Dell François 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A first exploration of acceptable and unacceptable discrepancies between linguistic and musical rhythm in Italian songs has uncovered two kinds of discrepancies which do not have counterparts in literary verse: durational discrepancies between adjacent syllables and stress-beat misalignments that involve nonadjacent syllables. The latter type is explored in greater detail than the former. Our survey suggests that analogous misalignments are in principle impossible in literary verse composed in accentual or accentual-syllabic meters, because, on the one hand, the abstract metrical templates that characterize such meters are not anchored in measured time, and, on the other hand, they do not recognize more than two degrees of metrical prominence.
Object clitics, agreement and dialectal variation
Authors: Ormazabal Javier , Romero Juan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article presents an analysis of object clitics in Spanish and some of its consequences for the theory of agreement and Case. On the empirical side, we present syntactic, morphological and semantic arguments supporting a mixed approach to object clitics where 3rd person Direct Object (DO) cliticization constitutes a genuine case of Determiner movement, but other DO and Indirect Object (IO) clitics are agreement elements. Once third person object clitics are set aside, the emerging picture is a single agreement that does not discriminate between DOs and IOs in the syntax. This idea finds striking support in Basque Leísta Dialect, where there is a 3rd person DO agreement clitic that behaves in all relevant respects like all other agreement clitics. Moreover, the consequences of this analysis extend to other properties of the object relation in Spanish, such as Differential Object Marking (DOM), and dialectal variation in the clitic field. An interesting observation that arises from this study is that the agreement nature of 1st and 2nd person clitics and the whole series of IOs is extremely robust in Spanish and remains invariable across all the dialects analyzed. Variation is thus restricted to 3rd person DO objects, where in contrast the changes are diverse and take very different directions, a fact that raises interesting questions related both to the historical evolution of the clitic system and to the theoretical analysis of Case and agreement.
Arpin is critical for phagocytosis in macrophages and is targeted by human rhinovirus
Authors: Jubrail Jamil , Africano‐Gomez Kshanti , Herit Floriane , Mularski Anna , Bourdoncle Pierre , Oberg Lisa , Israelsson Elisabeth , Burgel Pierre‐Regis , Mayer Gaell , Cunoosamy Danen M , Kurian Nisha , Niedergang Florence 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHuman rhinovirus is a causative agent of severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is characterised by an increased number of alveolar macrophages with diminished phagocytic functions, but how rhinovirus infection affects macrophage function is still unknown. Here, we describe that human rhinovirus 16 impairs bacterial uptake and receptor‐mediated phagocytosis in macrophages. The stalled phagocytic cups contain accumulated F‐actin. Interestingly, we find that human rhinovirus 16 downregulates the expression of Arpin, a negative regulator of the Arp2/3 complex. Importantly, re‐expression of the protein rescues defective internalisation in human rhinovirus 16‐treated cells, demonstrating that Arpin is a key factor targeted to impair phagocytosis. We further show that Arpin is required for efficient uptake of multiple targets, for F‐actin cup formation and for successful phagosome completion in macrophages. Interestingly, Arpin is recruited to sites of membrane extension and phagosome closure. Thus, we identify Arpin as a central actin regulator during phagocytosis that it is targeted by human rhinovirus 16, allowing the virus to perturb bacterial internalisation and phagocytosis in macrophages.
Fostering Sport Sciences Students’ Academic Achievement through Peer Oriented Instruction
Authors: Birhan Amare Tesfie , Chekol Chalachew 
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of students, peer assisters and the department head towards peer assisted instruction. It also aimed to investigate the extent of its implementation in sport sciences department and challenges which hamper its effectiveness. The subjects were peer assisters, tutees and the department head. They were selected through purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire, interview and focus group discussions were employed as data gathering instruments. The findings indicated that tutees, peer assisters and the department head have positive perceptions toward peer assisted learning instruction. They perceived that peer assisted instructional approach helps learners to develop their academic achievement, to enhance their social interaction skills and to manage their psychological difficulties. However, the practices were limited to activities such as doing assignments and project works, sharing their learning and studying experience. The data also revealed that factors such as lack of tutees motivation, lack of facilities, lack of support from the department, lack of peer assister tutoring experience were the observed challenges which affect students’ engagement in peer assisted instructional model.
Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menelisik persepsi siswa, tutor sebaya dan pimpinan lembaga mengenai implementasi tutor sebaya dalam pembelajaran. Selain itu juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi dan tantangannya dalam bidang ilmu olah raga. Subjek penelitian ini meliputi para tutor sebaya, peserta program tutorial (tutee), dan kepala lembaga. Semua subjek diseleksi menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kuesioner, wawancara, dan diskusi terfokus juga dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa tutee, tutor sebaya, dan kepala lembaga memiliki persepsi positif terhadap pembelajaran tutor sebaya. Mereka menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran tutor sebaya dapat meningkatkan kemampuan akademik, kecakapan sosial, dan dapat juga mengatasi hambatan psikologis siswa. Bagaimanapun juga, praktik pembelajaran ini masih sebatas pada aktivitas mengerjakan tugas dan pembelajaran berbasis proyek, termasuk juga berbagi pengalaman belajar mereka. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa beberapa faktor seperti motivasi tutee, ketiadaan fasilitas, kurangnya dukungan dari lembaga, dan kurangnya pengalaman tutor teman sebaya turut memengaruhi keterlibatan siswa dalam pembelajaran.
Keywords: academic achievement; challenges; perception; peer assisted instruction; sport science
Development of Motion Learning Media and Energy Conservation Law Through Coaster Tracks Based on Logger Pro Analysis
Authors: Setiyani A. , Kristiyanto W. H. , Rondonuwu F. S. 
Published: November 2019

Research has been conducted to find out relation position and speed to time, for objects that glide on a magnetic foundation by applying the Research and Development method. Data retrieval is done by using video train motion recordings which are analyzed using Logger Pro. The results of the analysis are represented in the form of data and graphics. Based on the data analysis and fitting using the Logger Pro, the following values are obtained: vtrain 0.027 m/s, atrain 0.034 m/s2, average train velocity 0.02572 m/s and average train acceleration 0.03662 m/s2 with RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) value of 0.013 m. The acceleration value obtained is very small and almost close to zero, so it can be said that objects that experience irregular straight motion. The graph representation of velocity over time shows an increase in speed that is not constant. This is because there is still friction between the train and the runway and friction between magnets along the track with friction forces 4,566 N. The value of kinetic energy, potential energy, and mechanical energy can be determined by using the results of Logger Pro analysis.Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui grafik keterkaitan posisi dan kecepatan terhadap waktu, untuk benda yang meluncur di atas landasan magnetik dengan menerapkan metode Research and Development. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan video rekaman gerak kereta yang dianalisis menggunakan Logger Pro. Hasil analisis direpresentasikan dalam bentuk data dan grafik. Berdasarkan analisis dan fitting data menggunakan Logger Pro diperoleh nilai sebagai berikut vkereta 0,027 m/s, akereta 0,034 m/s2, v rata-rata kereta 0,02572 m/s dan arata-rata kereta 0,03662 m/s2 dengan nilai RMSE (Root Mean Square Eror) sebesar 0,013 m. Nilai percepatan yang diperoleh sangat kecil dan hampir mendekati nol, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa benda mengalami gerak lurus beraturan. Representasi grafik kecepatan terhadap waktu memperlihatkan pertambahan kecepatan yang tidak konstan. Hal ini dikarenakan masih terdapat gesekan yang terjadi antara kereta dengan landasan maupun gesekan antar magnet di sepanjang lintasan dengan gaya gesek 4,566 N. Nilai energi kinetik, energi potensial, dan energi mekanik dapat ditentukan besarnya menggunakan data hasil analisis Logger Pro.
Insya Thalaby dalam Kitab Ayyuha Al-Walad Karya Imam Al-Ghazaly (Kajian Balaghah)
Authors: Mardhiyah Ira Siti Aenatum , Solihin Ihin , Rahtikawati Yayan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBook of Ayyuha al-Walad by al-Imam Abi Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad al-Ghazali is one of the books that discusses morals. The book contains the sincere counsel of Hujjah al-Islam al-Imam al-Ghazali which is cited in a letter to his beloved disciple. In a counsel contains a sentence that requires a demand. The purpose of this research is to know the types and meaning of insya thalaby in the book of Ayyuha Al-Walad. The method used in this research is analytical descriptive method. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling that is intentional sampling technique. The results of the analysis, found 73 sentences insya thalabi. The types of insya thalabi contained in the book are amr, nahyi, istifham, tamanny and nida. The analysis shows that there are 38 amr, 7 nahyi, 23 istifham, 2 tamanny and 3 nida. The other meanings of the book are irshad, ighra, tasywiq, tahdid, taubikh, tamanni, tahassur and zajr.Keywords: Book of Ayyuha Al-Walad, advice, al-Ghazali, insya thalaby.ملخص البحثكتاب أيّها الولد للإمام أبي حامد محمّد بن محمّد الغزالي هو الكتاب الذي يبحث عن الأخلاق. نصح الإمام الغزالي نصيحة صريحة إلى تلاميذه في هذه الرسالة وفي النصيحة فيها الكلام طلب للعمل. وأما أغراض هذا البحث فهي وصف أنواع ومعان الإنشاء الطلبي في كتاب أيّها الولد ولكن ستبحث الباحثة عن كلام الغزالي فقط. وكان المنهج المستخدم في هذا البحث هو المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وهو يصف الواقع ثم يحلله. والطريقة المستخدمة لأخذ العينة هي طريقة purposive sampling وهي طريقة أخذ العينة بالقدر المعين. وأما نتائج البحث فهي أن توجد 73 الإنشاء الطلبي تحتوي على خمسة أنواع وهي الأمر والنهي والإستفهام والتمنّي والندا. ومن تحليل البيانات وجدت 38 الأمر، 7 النهي، 23 الإستفهام، 2 التمنّي و 3 النداء. أمّا المعان غير الحقيقي فهي الإرشاد والإغراء والتشويق والتهديد والتوبيخ والتمنّي و التحسّر والزجر. الكلمة الرئيسية: كتاب أيّها الولد، النصيحة، الغزالي، علم المعاني، الإنشاء الطلبي. ABSTRAKKitab Ayyuha al-Walad karangan al-Imam Abi Hamid Muhammad bin Muhammad al-Ghazali merupakan salah satu kitab yang membahas tentang akhlak. Kitab tersebut berisi tentang nasihat tulus dari Hujjah al-Islam al-Imam al-Ghazali yang dinukilkan dalam surat kepada murid yang disayanginya. Dalam sebuah nasihat terkandung suatu kalimat yang menghendaki adanya suatu tuntutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis dan makna insya thalaby dalam kitab Ayyuha Al-Walad. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analitik. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel secara sengaja. Adapun hasil analisis, ditemukan 73 kalimat insya thalabi. Jenis insya thalabi yang terdapat pada kitab tersebut adalah amr, nahyi, istifham, tamanny dan nida. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada 38 amr, 7 nahyi, 23 istifham, 2 tamanny dan 3 nida. Adapun makna-makna lain pada kitab tersebut yaitu irsyad, ighra, tasywiq, tahdid, taubikh, tamanni, tahassur dan zajr. Kata kunci : Kitab Ayyuha Al-Walad, nasihat, al-Ghazali, ilmu ma’ani, insya thalaby.
Karikatur dalam Koran Online Al-Riyadh (Kajian Semiotika)
Authors: Rizkyaningtyas Retty , Taufiq Wildan , Qonit Ahmad AD 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to know the meaning behind the sign of index, icon, and symbol, and also the criticism of social on caricature in online newspaper Al-Riyadh. The approach used is semiotics Charles Sanders Pierce. Descriptive analytical methods used in this research. The result research found the sign of icon as pilgrims mean obedience, index as people bite finger mean sadness and symbol as ashoobiu’ an nadam mean regret. Whereas the criticism of social on caricature are politics, technology and morality. Keywords: Caricature, icon, index, symbol, criticism of social. ملخص البحثأغرض هذا البحث هي معرفة المعانى وراء علامة الإيقونية والتأشيرية والرمزية. وكذلك لمعرفة النقد الاجتماعي في الكاريكاتير في جريدة الرياض بالمدخل السيميائية تشارلز ساندر بيرس . والمنهج في هذا البحث هو منهج الوصفي التحليلي. ونتائج هذا البحث، وجدت الباحثة العلامات في الكريكاتير في جريدة الرياض، بنظر إلى ثلاث علامات: (1) الإيقونية مثل الحجاج بمعنى طاعة (2) التأشيرية مثل الشخص يعض الصابع بمعنى حسرة(3) الرمزية مثل أصابع الندم بمعنى خيبة الأمل. والنقد الاجتماعي في الكريكاتير وهي السياسية والتكنولوجيا والأخلاقية.الكلمة الرئيسية: الكريكاتير، الإيقونية، التأشيرية، الرمزية، النقد الإجتماعي. ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui makna-makna dibalik tanda indeks, ikon dan simbol serta kritik sosial yang terdapat pada karikatur dalam koran online Al-Riyadh. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan semiotika Charles Sanders Pierce. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitik. Hasil penelitian yang ditemukan yaitu tanda ikon seperti jemaah haji bermakna ketaatan, tanda indeks orang gigit jari bermakna kesedihan dan tanda simbol seperti ashoobiu’ an nadam bermakna. Penyesalan. Sedangkan kritik sosial yang terdapat pada karikatur tersebut yaitu politik, teknologi, dan moral.Keywords: Karikatur, ikon, indeks, simbol, kritik sosial.