bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatility impulse response analysis for DCC‐GARCH models: The role of volatility transmission mechanisms
Authors: Gabauer David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study introduces volatility impulse response functions (VIRF) for dynamic conditional correlation–generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (DCC‐GARCH) models. In addition, the implications with respect to network analysis—using the connectedness approach of Diebold and Y
lmaz (Journal of Econometrics, 2014, 182(1), 119–134)—is discussed. The main advantages of this framework are (i) that the time‐varying dynamics do not underlie a rolling‐window approach and (ii) that it allows us to test whether the propagation mechanism is time varying or not. An empirical analysis on the volatility transmission mechanism across foreign exchange rate returns is illustrated. The results indicate that the Swiss franc and the euro are net transmitters of shocks, whereas the British pound and the Japanese yen are net volatility receivers of shocks. Finally, the findings suggest a high degree of comovement across European currencies, which has important portfolio and risk management implications.
Fatty acid and mineral contents of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. and antioxidant activity against isoproterenol‐induced acute myocardial ischemia in mice
Authors: Yossa Nzeuwa Irma Belinda , Xia Hui , Shi Yuanyuan , Yang Chao , Shah Muhammad Waseem , Guo Baofu , Wang Liya , Sun Guiju 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDried fruits of black goji were investigated for their fatty acid, mineral contents, and antioxidant activity against isoproterenol‐induced acute myocardial ischemia in mice was revealed. It was observed that the key fatty acids from Lycium ruthenicum Murr. (LRM) oil studied included linoleic (59.38%), oleic (20.85%), palmitic (7.07%), linolenic (2.98%), and stearic acids (5.31%), which together comprised 95.59% of the total fatty acids. The key mineral nutrients studied were potassium (17,631.15 mg/kg), calcium (2004.4 mg/kg), and magnesium (1,274.6 mg/kg), while copper, iron, manganese, and zinc were found in trace. Moreover, oral administration of water extraction of LRM exhibited significant reduction of enzyme activities, and MDA level triggered by ISO to be near normal level, while exhibited a significant increase of SOD and GSH activities. Our results provide deep insight on LRM as a potential source of high‐value phytochemicals for the development of new functional food and beverage products.
MOF@PEDOT Composite Films for Impedimetric Pesticide Sensors
Authors: Sappia Luciano D. , Tuninetti Jimena S. , Ceolín Marcelo , Knoll Wolfgang , Rafti Matías , Azzaroni Omar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDue to its deleterious effects on health, development of new methods for detection and removal of pesticide residues in primary and derived agricultural products is a research topic of great importance. Among them, imazalil (IMZ) is a widely used post‐harvest fungicide with good performances in general, and is particularly applied to prevent green mold in citrus fruits. In this work, a composite film for the impedimetric sensing of IMZ built from metal‐organic framework nanocrystallites homogeneously distributed on a conductive poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer is presented. The as‐synthetized thin films are produced via spin‐coating over poly(ethylene terephtalate (PET) substrate following a straightforward, cost‐effective, single‐step procedure. By means of impedance spectroscopy, electric transport properties of the films are studied, and high sensitivity towards IMZ concentration in the range of 15 ppb to 1 ppm is demonstrated (featuring 1.6 and 4.2 ppb limit of detection, when using signal modulus and phase, respectively). The sensing platform hereby presented could be used for the construction of portable, miniaturized, and ultrasensitive devices, suitable for pesticide detection in food, wastewater effluents, or the assessment of drinking‐water quality.
Similarities and differences across countries in the development of executive functions in children: A systematic review
Authors: Schirmbeck Katharina , Rao Nirmala , Maehler Claudia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA systematic review was conducted to gain a more nuanced understanding of similarities and distinctions across countries in the development of executive functions (EF). The review includes 26 studies, with child and adolescent participants, that were published between 2006 and 2018. Both similarities and differences within developmental patterns of EF are identified across different countries. Across countries, bilingual children are shown to outperform their monolingual peers. Task improvement with age is not consistently reported in all studies, with no linear effects apparent in children from developing countries or regions. Gender differences on EF measures also vary between countries. Girls perform better than boys on EF tasks and parent and teacher ratings of EF in both Western and East Asian samples. Yet, in Iran and Tanzania, boys receive higher EF scores. From preschool age through adolescence, East Asians outperform Western counterparts on direct assessment measures of EF. However, strong discrepancies can be found between measures of direct EF assessment and parent and teacher ratings of children's EF. Chinese parents rate their children's EF as lower compared with parents from other countries. The role of contextual factors explaining differences in EF development is discussed.Highlights

This paper presents the first systematic review on the topic of cross‐national variation in children's EF development.
A clearly defined conceptual framework regarding EF facets and analysis of a wide age span underpin this review.
From preschool age through adolescence, East‐Asian children outperform their Western counterparts on direct assessment measures of EF.
BMP9 Reduces Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Dual Regulation of Bone Remodeling
Authors: Zhou Yan-Man , Yang Yu-Ying , Jing Yi-Xuan , Yuan Tian-Jiao , Sun Li-Hao , Tao Bei , Liu Jian-Min , Zhao Hong-Yan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Bone remodeling is dynamic and is tightly regulated through bone resorption dominated by osteoclasts and bone formation dominated by osteoblasts. Imbalances in this process can cause various pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a biomolecule produced and secreted by the liver, has many pharmacological effects, including anti-liver fibrosis, antitumor, anti-heart failure, and antidiabetic activities. However, the effects of BMP9 on the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast functions and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) have not yet been investigated. In this study, BMP9 increased the expression of osteoblastogenic gene markers, such as ALP, Cola1, OCN, RUNX2, and OSX, and ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells by upregulating LGR6 and activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. BMP9 also suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) by inhibiting the Akt-NF-κB-NFATc1 pathway. More importantly, in an ovariectomy (OVX) mouse model, BMP9 attenuated bone loss and improved bone biomechanical properties in vivo by increasing bone-forming activity and suppressing bone resorption activity. Accordingly, our current work highlights the dual regulatory effects that BMP9 exerts on bone remodeling by promoting bone anabolic activity and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation in OVX mice. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cytokine characteristic of cerebrospinal fluid from children with enteroviral meningitis compared to bacterial meningitis
Authors: Xu Jialu , Jiang Jingjing , Zhang Yi , Li Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEnteroviruses are the most common etiological agent for viral encephalitis, but it is uncertain whether the cytokines have the ability to differentiate enteroviral meningitis (EVM) from bacterial meningitis (BM).MethodsA retrospective study was performed at the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from August 2016 and August 2019. CSF and/or blood specimens were collected for microbiological culture, viruses, and cytokine detection.ResultsForty‐three patients were confirmed with meningitis, 27 patients with EVM, and 16 with BM. Children with EVM were older compared with BM and Control group (P < .001). The most common presenting symptom in children with EVM was fever (96.3%) followed by headache (88.9%) and vomiting (66.7%). The occurrence of seizure was lower in both EVM and BM groups (P < .001). Serum IL‐6 and serum IL‐10 were lower in EVM group than BM (P = .02) and control group (IL‐6, P = .01; IL‐10, P < .001). IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFN‐γ levels showed obviously increase in CSF (P < .001, respectively) in EVM group, while only IL‐6 increased in CSF (P < .001) in BM group. CSF concentrations of cytokines IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF, and IFN‐γ in children with EVM and BM were both higher than Control group (P < .001). But compared EVM group to BM group, CSF IL‐2 (P = .13), IL‐6 (P = .37), IL‐10 (P = .98), TNF (P = .54), and IFN‐γ (P = .53) showed no difference between two groups.ConclusionsCSF cytokines elevated in both virus and bacterial meningitis, while serum elevation only occurred in bacterial infection. Still, we could not distinguish enteroviral meningitis from bacterial meningitis with the parameters of CSF cytokines IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF, and IFN‐γ.
Epigenetic response of endothelial cells to different wall shear stress magnitudes: A report of new mechano‐miRNAs
Authors: Rashad Sherif , Han Xiaobo , Saqr Khalid , Tupin Simon , Ohta Makoto , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEndothelial cells (ECs) respond to flow stress via a variety of mechanisms, leading to various intracellular responses that can modulate the vessel wall and lead to diseases if the flow is disturbed. Mechano‐microRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of miRNAs in the ECs that are flow responsive. Mechano‐miRNAs were shown to be related to atherosclerosis pathophysiology, and a number of them were identified as pathologic. Here, we exposed human carotid ECs to different wall shear stresses (WSS), high and low, and evaluated the response of miRNAs by microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. We discovered five new mechano‐miRNAs that were not reported in that context previously to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, functional pathway analysis revealed that under low WSS conditions, several pathways regulating apoptosis are affected. In addition, KLF2 and KLF4, known atheroprotective genes, were downregulated under low WSS and upregulated under high WSS. KLF2 and VCAM1, both angiogenic, were upregulated under high WSS. NOS3, which is vascular protective, was also upregulated with higher WSS. On the contrary, ICAM‐1 and E‐selectin, both atherogenic and proinflammatory, were upregulated with high WSS. Collectively, the epigenetic landscape with the gene expression analysis reveals that low WSS is associated with a proapoptotic state, while high WSS is associated with a proliferative and proinflammatory state.
Neratinib degrades MST4 via autophagy that reduces membrane stiffness and is essential for the inactivation of PI3K, ERK1/2, and YAP/TAZ signaling
Authors: Dent Paul , Booth Laurence , Poklepovic Andrew , Martinez Jennifer , Hoff Daniel Von , Hancock John F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe irreversible ERBB1/2/4 inhibitor neratinib causes plasma membrane‐associated K‐RAS to mislocalize into intracellular vesicles liminal to the plasma membrane; this effect is enhanced by HDAC inhibitors and is now a Phase I trial (NCT03919292). The combination of neratinib and HDAC inhibitors killed pancreatic cancer and lymphoma T cells. Neratinib plus HDAC inhibitor exposure was as efficacious as (paclitaxel+gemcitabine) at killing pancreatic cancer cells. Neratinib reduced the phosphorylation of PAK1, Merlin, LATS1/2, AKT, mTOR, p70 S6K, and ERK1/2 which required expression of Rubicon, Beclin1, and Merlin. Neratinib altered pancreatic tumor cell morphology which was associated with MST4 degradation reduced Ezrin phosphorylation and enhanced phosphorylation of MAP4K4 and LATS1/2. Knockdown of the MAP4K4 activator and sensor of membrane rigidity RAP2A reduced basal LATS1/2 and YAP phosphorylation but did not prevent neratinib from stimulating LATS1/2 or YAP phosphorylation. Beclin1 knockdown prevented MST4 degradation, Ezrin dephosphorylation and neratinib‐induced alterations in tumor cell morphology. Our findings demonstrate that neratinib enhances LATS1/2 phosphorylation independently of RAP2A/MAP4K4 and that MST4 degradation and Ezrin dephosphorylation may represent a universal trigger for the biological actions of neratinib.
New opportunities in tuberculosis prevention: implications for people living with HIV
Authors: González Fernández Lucia , Casas Esther C , Singh Satvinder , Churchyard Gavin J , Brigden Grania , Gotuzzo Eduardo , Vandevelde Wim , Sahu Suvanand , Ahmedov Sevim , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Ponce‐de‐León Alfredo , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Swindells Susan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionTuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). An invigorated global END TB Strategy seeks to increase efforts in scaling up TB preventive therapy (TPT) as a central intervention for HIV programmes in an effort to contribute to a 90% reduction in TB incidence and 95% reduction in mortality by 2035. TPT in PLHIV should be part of a comprehensive approach to reduce TB transmission, illness and death that also includes TB active case‐finding and prompt, effective and timely initiation of anti‐TB therapy among PLHIV. However, the use and implementation of preventive strategies has remained deplorably inadequate and today TB prevention among PLHIV has become an urgent priority globally.DiscussionWe present a summary of the current and novel TPT regimens, including current evidence of use with antiretroviral regimens (ART). We review challenges and opportunities to scale‐up TB prevention within HIV programmes, including the use of differentiated care approaches and demand creation for effective TB/HIV services delivery. TB preventive vaccines and diagnostics, including optimal algorithms, while important topics, are outside of the focus of this commentary.ConclusionsA number of new tools and strategies to make TPT a standard of care in HIV programmes have become available. The new TPT regimens are safe and effective and can be used with current ART, with attention being paid to potential drug‐drug interactions between rifamycins and some classes of antiretrovirals. More research and development is needed to optimize TPT for small children, pregnant women and drug‐resistant TB (DR‐TB). Effective programmatic scale‐up can be supported through context‐adapted demand creation strategies and the inclusion of TPT in client‐centred services, such as differentiated service delivery (DSD) models. Robust collaboration between the HIV and TB programmes represents a unique opportunity to ensure that TB, a preventable and curable condition, is no longer the number one cause of death in PLHIV.
Scaling Up for Sustainable Development: Benefits and Costs of Expanding and Optimizing Balance Sheet in the Multilateral Development Banks
Authors: Munir Waqas , Gallagher Kevin P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultilateral development banks (MDBs) seemingly face a dilemma whereby rating agencies require them to maintain low‐risk profiles; otherwise, they may be at risk of downgrade. Meanwhile, MDBs are faced with the pressure to increase quantum of their lending operations. This paper estimates the lending headroom available to ‘AAA'‐rated MDBs under scenarios that attempt to manage both of these parameters. Our estimates suggest that MDBs can collectively increase their lending between US$598billion and US$1268billion (65–137 per cent) and that for at least four MDBs, the policy option of opting for ‘AA+' may possibly be a viable case. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cystathionine beta synthase deficiency and brain edema associated with methionine excess under betaine supplementation: Four new cases and a review of the evidence
Authors: Schwahn Bernd C. , Scheffner Thomas , Stepman Hedwig , Verloo Peter , Das Anibh M , Fletcher Janice , Blom Henk J , Benoist Jean‐Francois , Barshop Bruce A. , Barea Jaime J. , Feigenbaum Annette 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCBS deficient individuals undergoing betaine supplementation without sufficient dietary methionine restriction can develop severe hypermethioninemia and brain edema. Brain edema has also been observed in individuals with severe hypermethioninemia without concomitant betaine supplementation. We systematically evaluated reports from 11 published and 4 unpublished patients with CBS deficiency and from additional four cases of encephalopathy in association with elevated methionine. We conclude that, while betaine supplementation does greatly exacerbate methionine accumulation, the primary agent causing brain edema is methionine rather than betaine. Clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure have not been seen in patients with plasma methionine levels below 559 μmol/L but occurred in one patient whose levels did not knowingly exceed 972 μmol/L at the time of manifestation. While levels below 500 μmol/L can be deemed safe it appears that brain edema can develop with plasma methionine levels close to 1000 μmol/L. Patients with CBS deficiency on betaine supplementation need to be regularly monitored for concordance with their dietary plan and for plasma methionine concentrations. Recurrent methionine levels above 500 μmol/L should alert clinicians to check for clinical signs and symptoms of brain edema and review dietary methionine intake. Levels approaching 1000 μmol/L do increase the risk of complications and levels exceeding 1000 μmol/L, despite best dietetic efforts, should be acutely addressed by reducing the prescribed betaine dose.
Peri‐left bundle branch pacing after atrioventricular node ablation and failed his bundle pacing in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tondas Alexander Edo , Pranata Raymond , Hongwei Han 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe described a case where peri‐left bundle branch pacing (PLBP) may become an alternative approach in difficult His bundle pacing (HBP) following atrioventricular nodal ablation in a patient with atrial fibrillation. After atrioventricular nodal ablation, the HBP lead was removed to another LBB position distal to the first PLBP lead, due to acute threshold increase. At 3 month follow‐up, PLBP exhibited acceptable pacing parameters without any adverse event.
Does Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) have an autumn temperature control to limit precocious flowering in spring?
Authors: Sparks Tim H. , Buras Allan , Estrella Nicole , Menzel Annette 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe flowering phenology of Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) shows a very strong negative response to warmer temperatures in spring (warmer springs = earlier flowering) as reported in numerous studies for other species in Europe and North America. However, despite this, flowering dates in some locations have failed to show a strong advance and, in a small number of cases, have even shown significant delays. Here we use a very extensive data set on first flowering dates (FFD) of Coltsfoot in Germany, firstly on a national scale in the period 1894–2015 and secondly at a regional level in the more thoroughly recorded period from 1951–2015. FFDs were coupled with gridded temperature data using regression techniques to attempt to understand the reasons for the unexpected changes in phenology. National mean FFD did not change significantly over 122 years, although January–March mean temperatures had warmed by 1.2°C. The flowering‐temperature model was significantly improved when the previous September mean temperature was included, which decreased the overall temperature response from 4.5 to 3.7 days/°C. For the more thoroughly recorded period of 1951–2015, January–March mean temperature warmed significantly by 1.7–2.4°C in all 11 German federal state combinations and mean FFD dates advanced by 3–14 days, significant for seven of the States. For 10 of the 11 States, multiple linear regressions explained 79–89% of the observed variation in FFD and evidenced a positive relationship (significant in half of these) with higher temperature in the September preceding flowering (warmer September = later flowering). However, the scale of the September influence is insufficient to explain why Coltsfoot flowering may have stalled or been delayed. The use of controlled experiments to supplement observational data may be necessary to fully understand the drivers of Coltsfoot flowering in spring.
Surgical intervention for exercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction: A UK perspective
Authors: Famokunwa Bamidele , Sandhu Guri , Hull James H. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesExercise‐induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is a prevalent cause of exertional breathlessness and wheeze in young individuals. Typically diagnosed using the continuous laryngoscopy during exercise (CLE) test, treatment is largely based on breathing retraining promoting improved laryngeal function. In some cases, these techniques fail to alleviate symptoms, and surgical intervention with supraglottoplasty can be valuable in the supraglottic form of EILO. Globally, there is currently limited experience utilizing a surgical approach to EILO, and data regarding the optimum surgical technique and published outcomes and complication rates are thus limited.Study DesignRetrospective observational case series.MethodsIn this report, we describe our experience as the only UK center undertaking supraglottoplasty for EILO. We report the surgical outcome of 19 patients (n = 16 female), mean age, 29.6 ± 13.1 years, referred for surgery with moderate to severe supraglottic EILO. Follow‐up clinic ± CLE was performed within 4 months (median = 6 weeks), and CLE scores were evaluated before and following surgery.ResultsWe found a beneficial effect of surgery on supraglottic CLE scores (median score reducing from 3/3 to 1/3 postoperatively [P < .05] overall) with 79% (n = 15) of patients reporting an improvement in their exercise capacity. One patient developed an apparent increased tendency for glottic‐level EILO following surgery; however, no voice‐ or swallowing‐related complications were encountered.ConclusionsThis study is the first to report the UK experience, surgical technique, and outcome for EILO surgery. The findings indicate that EILO surgery appears to be a safe and effective option for individuals with moderate to severe supraglottic‐type EILO who have failed initial conservative treatment.Level of Evidence5 Laryngoscope, 130:E667–E673, 2020