bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cooperative partial snapshot algorithm for checkpoint‐rollback recovery of large‐scale and dynamic distributed systems and experimental evaluations
Authors: Nakamura Junya , Kim Yonghwan , Katayama Yoshiaki , Masuzawa Toshimitsu 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA distributed system consisting of a huge number of computational entities is prone to faults because faults in a few nodes cause the entire system to fail. Consequently, fault tolerance of distributed systems is a critical issue. Checkpoint‐rollback recovery is a universal and representative technique for fault tolerance; it periodically records the entire system state (configuration) to non‐volatile storage, and the system restores itself using the recorded configuration when the system fails. To record a configuration of a distributed system, a specific algorithm known as a snapshot algorithm is required. However, many snapshot algorithms require coordination among all nodes in the system; thus, frequent executions of snapshot algorithms require unacceptable communication cost, especially if the systems are large. As a sophisticated snapshot algorithm, a partial snapshot algorithm has been introduced that takes a partial snapshot (instead of a global snapshot). However, if two or more partial snapshot algorithms are concurrently executed, and their snapshot domains overlap, they should coordinate, so that the partial snapshots (taken by the algorithms) are consistent. In this paper, we propose a new efficient partial snapshot algorithm with the aim of reducing communication for the coordination. In a simulation, we show that the proposed algorithm drastically outperforms the existing partial snapshot algorithm, in terms of message and time complexity.
Temporal dynamics of stream fish assemblages and the role of spatial scale in quantifying change
Authors: Zbinden Zachery D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Spatial grain of studies of communities is often based on arbitrary convention. Few studies have examined how spatial scaling of grain size affects estimates of compositional change over time, despite its broad implications.

Fish assemblage structure was compared between 1974 and 2014 at 33 sampling locations in the Muddy Boggy River drainage, USA. The two main objectives for this comparison were to quantify change in assemblage structure and to test for a relationship between compositional change and spatial scale. Spatial scale was manipulated by pooling assemblage data into a continuous range of groups, which increased in size from K = 33 pairs (i.e., local scale) to K = 1 pair (i.e., global scale), via clustering algorithm based on pair‐wise fluvial distance.

Local assemblages (stream reaches) varied in the degree of assemblage change over time (range = 0.10–0.99 dissimilarity; mean = 0.66). The global assemblage (drainage), however, remained relatively similar. A discontinuity in the relationship between compositional change and spatial scale occurred at K = 15 (mean dissimilarity = 0.56; p = .062), and this grouping is roughly the size of the headwater/tributary drainages (i.e., stream order ≤ 3) in the study system.

Spatial scale can impact estimates of biodiversity change over time. These results suggest assemblages are more dynamic at individual stream reaches than at the scale of the entire drainage. The decline in assemblage change at the spatial scale of K = 15 deserves further attention given the marginal significance, despite a small sample size (n = 15). This pattern could suggest regional and meta‐community processes become more important in shaping assemblage dynamics at the scale of headwater drainages, whereas the factors responsible for driving individual stream reach dynamics (e.g., stochasticity) become less important. Defining assemblages at a larger scale will result in different estimates of species persistence. Biodiversity monitoring efforts must take the effect of spatial scaling into consideration.
Impella in Takotsubo syndrome complicated by left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and severe mitral regurgitation
Authors: Attisano Tiziana , Silverio Angelo , Prota Costantina , Briguori Carlo , Galasso Gennaro , Citro Rodolfo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe treatment of cardiogenic shock in patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is challenging because it depends on the mechanisms leading to the haemodynamic instability.We report the case of a 70‐year‐old woman admitted for TTS complicated by cardiogenic shock. The early echocardiographic identification of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) and severe mitral regurgitation (MR) prompted us to implant an Impella CP assist device as a bridge‐to‐recovery therapy. After device positioning, the haemodynamic status improved and LVOTO and severe MR disappeared. Because of the persistence of severe hypotension, the mechanical circulatory support was continued in intensive care unit and stopped only 5 days later, when intraventricular gradient spontaneously dropped. The patient was discharged after 1 week in stable conditions.Our case suggests that Impella circulating support may be a useful bridge‐to‐recovery therapeutic option in selected patients with cardiogenic shock due to TTS complicated by LVOTO and severe MR.
A novel computational methodology to estimate solar energy on building rooftops
Authors: Yousuf Muhammad Uzair , Shere Syed Muneeb 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrecise estimation of solar radiation is essential for sustainable development and renewable energy consumption. Building rooftops are appropriate locations for solar energy devices. Traditional solar potential estimation approaches usually adopt technologies such as light detection and ranging, which are expensive and available only for existing sites. In this paper, a novel methodology is presented to estimate the solar radiation components for any building rooftop surrounded by obstacles, using the ray‐triangle‐intersection method and discretization of 3D sky vault into sky elements. The proposed methodology accepts a 3D model, including all significant obstacles that produce a triangulated surface mesh and a discrete map. This mesh and map are utilized with solar angles and radiation data to estimate direct and diffuse radiation on the surfaces of the 3D structures. To validate the proposed algorithm, we discuss two case studies. Finally, the 3D radiation maps are generated using solar irradiation data for Karachi, illustrating the effects of nearby obstacles. Several optimizations are applied to the developed algorithm for reducing computational cost. The significant advantage of the methodology is that the skymap is location‐independent. A skymap generated once can be used for the same 3D model located anywhere in the world, with the appropriate solar angles data. This work will benefit consultants, governments, and households in the efficient use of solar energy potential for both existing rooftops and future constructions.
ICT4D 3.0? Part 1—The components of an emerging “digital‐for‐development” paradigm
Authors: Heeks Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhat has changed in the decade or so since the ideas of a new “ICT4D 2.0” phase were first mooted? This paper reviews those changes, based on a new framework model. At a foundational level, it looks at recent and current trends in digital technologies, data, processes and the implications these have for the user demographics and network structures that underpin the role of digital ICTs in international development. It then summarises some of the new building blocks of development: digital roles, digital products and digital business models. We could call what is emerging “ICT4D 3.0.” However, this paper argues that the changes are such that we could talk of a paradigmatic shift and suggests that the elements could be collated as a new “digital‐for‐development” paradigm. Part 2 of this paper explores the patterns of change in the economy and in politics that may be associated with this paradigm.
PTPN21‐CDSlong isoform inhibits the response of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to NK‐mediated lysis via the KIR/HLA‐I axis
Authors: Wang Huafang , Zhu Ni , Ye Xiaohang , Wang Limengmeng , Wang Binsheng , Shan Wei , Lai Xiaoyu , Tan Yamin , Fu Shan , Xiao Haowen , Huang He 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProtein tyrosine phosphatase non‐receptor type 21 (PTPN21) is a member of the non‐receptor tyrosine phosphatase family. We have found that PTPN21 is mutated in relapsed Philadelphia chromosome‐negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. PTPN21 consists of three types of isoforms according to the length of the protein encoded. However, the roles of different isoforms in leukemic cells have not been elucidated. In the study, PTPN21 isoform constitution in five ALL cell lines were identified by transcriptome polymerase chain reaction combined with Sanger sequencing, and the relationship between PTPN21 isoforms and sensitivity to natural killer (NK) cells mediated killing in ALL cell lines were further assessed by knock‐out of different isoforms of PTPN21 using CRISPR‐Cas9 technique. Subsequently, we explored the functional mechanisms through RNA sequencing and confirmatory testing. The results showed that there was no significant change when all PTPN21 isoforms were knocked out in ALL cells, but the sensitivity of NALM6 cells with PTPN21‐CDSlong knock‐out (NALM6‐PTPN21lk) to NK‐mediated killing was significantly increased. Whole transcriptome sequencing and further validation testing showed that human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA‐I) molecules were significantly decreased, accompanied by a significantly downregulated expression of antigen presenting‐related chaperones in NALM6‐PTPN21lk cells. Our results uncovered a previously unknown mechanism that PTPN21‐CDSlong and CDSshort isoforms may play opposite roles in NK‐mediated killing in ALL cells, and showed that the endogenous PTPN21‐CDSlong isoform inhibited ALL cells to NK cell‐mediated lysis by regulating the KIR‐HLA‐I axis.
A novel circular RNA circFN1 enhances cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer via sponging miR‐182‐5p
Authors: Huang Xiao‐xu , Zhang Qiang , Hu Hao , Jin Yan , Zeng Ai‐liang , Xia Ya‐bin , Xu Li 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCisplatin (CDDP) is commonly used for gastric cancer (GC) chemotherapy. However, after several CDDP‐based treatment cycles, patients always acquire chemotherapy resistance, which limits the overall clinical efficacy of the treatment. Clarification of the mechanisms responsible for CDDP resistance is required to improve therapeutic outcomes for patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, although their role in the mechanism underlying CDDP resistance in GC remains unknown. In the present study, we explored the underlying roles of circRNAs in the modulation of CDDP resistance in CDDP‐sensitive and CDDP‐resistant human GC cells. Using RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, expression of circFN1 (originating from exons 10, 11, and 12 of the FN1 gene hsa_circ_0058147) was higher in CDDP‐resistant GC cells and tissues. CircFN1 upregulation in GC patients treated by CDDP was significantly correlated with aggressive biological behavior. CircFN1 promoted viability and inhibited apoptosis of GC cells exposed to CDDP in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, circFN1 suppressed GC cell apoptosis by “sponging” miR‐182‐5p. These findings demonstrate the involvement of circFN1 in CDDP resistance of GC and implicate circFN1 as a therapeutic target for GC patients treated with CDDP. It provides novel evidence of the function of circRNAs as microRNA sponges and highlight a potential therapeutic target for extinguishing CDDP resistance in patients with GC.
Red orange and lemon extract prevents the renal toxicity induced by ochratoxin A in rats
Authors: Damiano Sara , Iovane Valentina , Squillacioti Caterina , Mirabella Nicola , Prisco Francesco , Ariano Andrea , Amenta Margherita , Giordano Antonio , Florio Salvatore , Ciarcia Roberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the effects of red orange and lemon extract (RLE) on ochratoxin A (OTA)‐induced nephrotoxicity. In particular, we analyzed the change in renal function and oxidative stress in Sprague–Dawley rats treated with OTA (0.5 mg/kg body weight, b.w.) and with RLE (90 mg/kg b.w.) by oral administration. After OTA treatment, we found alterations of biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in the kidney, related to a severe decrease of glomerular filtration rate. The RLE treatment normalized the activity of antioxidant enzymes and prevented the glomerular hyperfiltration. Histopathological examinations revealed glomerular damages and kidney cortex fibrosis in OTA‐rats, while we observed less severe fibrosis in OTA plus RLE group. Then, we demonstrated that oxidative stress could be the cause of OTA renal injury and that RLE reduces this effect.
Adenotonsillectomy and postoperative respiratory adverse events: A retrospective study
Authors: Hamilton Thomas B. , Thung Arlyne , Tobias Joseph D. , Jatana Kris R. , Raman Vidya T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesPostoperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) are known complications following adenotonsillectomy (AT). Clinical data at a single institution were reviewed to investigate the factors that may contribute to PRAEs in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). The relationship between PRAEs in the PACU and escalation of care, defined as either an unplanned admission for outpatient surgery or unplanned pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, was investigated.MethodsThe perioperative records for all patients who underwent AT from 2016 to 2018 were reviewed. The surgical procedure was performed at both the main campus and the ambulatory surgery center in accordance with the institutional obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) guidelines. Patient characteristics and intraoperative medications were compared. Categorical variables were summarized as counts with percentages and compared using chi‐square tests or Fisher's exact tests. Continuous variables were summarized as medians with interquartile ranges and compared using rank‐sum tests. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of intraoperative dosing with the occurrence of PRAEs.ResultsThe study cohort included 6110 patients. Ninety‐three patients (2%) experienced PRAEs in the PACU. Of these 93 patients, 14 (15%) resulted in an escalation of care, nearly all of which were unplanned PICU admissions. PRAEs tended to occur in younger patients, non‐Hispanic black patients, and those with a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status.ConclusionsPRAEs are infrequent after AT at a tertiary institution with OSA guidelines in place. However, when PRAEs do occur, escalation of care may be required. Risk factors include age, ethnic background, and ASA physical status.Level of EvidenceIII.
Designing Biomimetic Microphase‐Separated Motifs to Construct Mechanically Robust Plant Protein Resin with Improved Water‐Resistant Performance
Authors: Zhao Shujun , Wang Zhong , Pang Huiwen , Li Zhi , Zhang Wei , Zhang Shifeng , Li Jianzhang , Li Li 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlant protein, as a sustainable alternative to petroleum‐derived resin, has exhibited notable potential for engineering wood products without formaldehyde emission, while the poor mechanical and water‐resistant performances limit its practical applications. Inspired by mussel chemistry and structure, a dopamine‐functionalized polyurethane (D‐PU) elastomer is synthesized in this work acting as a bio‐inspired crosslinking unit to improve the properties of soy protein (SP) resin. It is found that the catechol groups of the incorporated D‐PU not only triggers polyurethane to interact with SP matrix giving rise to a stable crosslinking network with excellent load‐bearing capacity, but also serves as a water‐resistant barrier to reduce the water erosion effect on resin. Moreover, a desired microphase‐separated morphology is observed within the continuous protein phase after introducing D‐PU. The microphase‐separated structure simultaneously strengthens and toughens SP adhesive layer, thus achieving high‐efficiency stress transfer and energy dissipation as well as accelerating SP to further permeate into the substrate forming more mechanical adhesion nails. As a result, the modified SP‐D‐PU resin presents an impressive improvement in dry and wet adhesion strength up to 70.5% and 133.9% compared to the pristine SP resin, respectively. The proposed biomimetic design may offer a workable strategy for preparing of high‐performance bio‐based composites.
Differences between mid‐urethral sling outcomes in diabetic and nondiabetic women
Authors: Chung Doreen E. , Antosh Danielle D. , Umpierrez Denise , Barbosa Zonia , Yurteri‐Kaplan Ladin , Grimes Cara L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim is to assess whether subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) have greater urinary retention and increased post‐void residual volume (PVR) following mid‐urethral sling (MUS) surgery.MethodsThis multi‐center retrospective study included patients who underwent MUS (2012‐2016). Baseline data included demographics, comorbidities, urinary symptoms, urodynamics data, PVR, and responses to validated questionnaires (UDI6 and IIQ7). Intraoperative data, postoperative voiding trial results, postop questionnaires, and complications were also noted. Patients with and without DM were compared. Significance was defined as P < .05.ResultsA total of 605 MUS were included, 538(89%) without DM and 67(11%) with DM, of which 69% were transobturator and 31% retropubic. No differences were seen in urinary retention and passing void trial(79% DM vs 81% non‐DM; P = .72). Mean PVR at discharge was similar between groups (136 mL DM vs 139 mL non‐DM; P = .922). There were no differences between groups in UDI6 and IIQ7 sum scores at baseline and 1 month. DM subjects reported more bother at baseline on certain UDI‐6 and IIQ‐7 items including frequent urination, leakage related to urgency, and feeling frustrated. At 3 months postop, all subjects demonstrated improvement in scores. Interestingly, patients with DM reported worse quality of life on the IIQ7 sum.ConclusionsAmong subjects with well‐controlled diabetes and more comorbidities who underwent MUS there were few differences in postoperative voiding dysfunction or PVR compared to nondiabetic women. DM patients were more bothered at baseline by urge‐related symptoms. Quality of life following sling surgery appears to be worse in patients with DM at 3 months based on IIQ7. This data suggests that diabetic women with lower HbA1C can be counseled similarly to these complication rates and voiding dysfunction after MUS.
Pentraxin 3 Regulates miR‐21 Expression and Secretion in Brown Adipocytes During Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Inflammation
Authors: Lin Teyueh , Guo Hong , Chen Xiaoli 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveThis study investigates the role of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in the regulation of inflammatory homeostasis involving anti‐inflammatory miR‐21 during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in adipocytes.MethodsUsing PTX3 knockout (PTX3 KO) mouse and primary stromal vascular cell models, this study determined the effect of PTX3 deficiency on the expression and secretion of miR‐21 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and brown adipocytes as well as the rescue effect of recombinant PTX3 on miR‐21 during LPS‐induced inflammation.ResultsAmong three fat depots, BAT was the major tissue and fully differentiated brown adipocytes were the major cells that expressed miRNA‐processing enzymes and produced miRNA. Moreover, brown adipocytes, but not stromal vascular cells, were the LPS‐responsive cells in miR‐21 production. PTX3 deficiency attenuated LPS‐stimulated upregulation of miR‐21 in sera and BAT. In wild‐type brown adipocytes, LPS stimulation significantly upregulated cellular miR‐21. Interestingly, this stimulatory effect of LPS was attenuated, and cellular and secreted miR‐21 levels were reduced in PTX3 KO cells upon LPS stimulation. Treatment of recombinant PTX3 reversed the cellular and secreted levels of miR‐21 and attenuated an LPS‐stimulated increase in the expression ofTnf‐αandMcp1genes in PTX3 KO adipocytes.ConclusionsPTX3 plays an anti‐inflammatory role, in part through regulating miR‐21 expression and secretion.
Effect of thermal loading on syntactic foam sandwich composite
Authors: Waddar Sunil , Pitchaimani Jeyaraj , Doddamani Mrityunjay 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn experimental investigation carried out on the deflection behavior of sandwich composites with a fly ash cenosphere/epoxy syntactic foam core and plain‐woven sisal fiber fabric/epoxy skin subjected to nonuniform heating is presented. The influence of cenosphere volume fraction in the syntactic foam core, three different heating cases (increase‐decrease, decrease, and decrease‐increase), and cenospheres’ surface treatment effect is analyzed. The temperature deflection is acquired with the help of a LabVIEW program. The critical buckling and snap‐initiation temperatures are found from the temperature‐deflection plots. It is observed that the sandwich beam undergoes snap‐through buckling behavior due to viscoelastic forces associated with the syntactic foam core. The critical buckling temperature increases with the filler content, and the surface treatment enhances the buckling behavior marginally. Results also demonstrate that the sandwiching of the syntactic foam core between the natural fiber skin enhances critical buckling temperatures compared to the syntactic foam core.
Copolymer‐Derived N/B Co‐Doped Nanocarbons with Controlled Porosity and Highly Active Surface
Authors: Yuan Rui , Wang Han , Sun Mingkang , Whitacre Jay , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Kowalewski Tomasz 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTN/B co‐doped nanocarbon (NBC) is emerging as promising candidate in various applications. However, most synthetic approaches require complex heteroatom/carbon precursors, and suffer from poor porosity control and inevitable formation of electrochemically inactive N─B bonded species. In this study, we propose a new route to produce NBC from a single copolymer precursor, polyacrylonitrile‐b‐poly(styrene boronic ester) (PAN‐b‐PSBpin). Both polymeric blocks play dual roles during pyrolysis, i.e., PAN serves as both a carbon source and nitrogen source, and PSBpin functions as both a boron source and porogenic block. Importantly, a linear relationship between mesopore size in NBC and block length in copolymers was observed, allowing for excellent porosity control in NBC. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed only separated N and B configurations in formed NBC, assuring highly active surface examined by an efficient four‐electron transfer process in oxygen reduction reaction and large geometric capacitances (Csa = 68 μF cm−2 and Cvol = 750 F cm−3) in supercapacitors. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 225–232