bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FPGAD
efender
Authors: La Tuan Minh , Matas Kaspar , Grunchevski Nikola , Pham Khoa Dang , Koch Dirk 
Published: September 2020

Sharing configuration bitstreams rather than netlists is a very desirable feature to protect IP or to share IP without longer CAD tool processing times. Furthermore, an increasing number of systems could hugely benefit from serving multiple users on the same FPGA, for example, for resource pooling in cloud infrastructures.
This article researches the threat that a malicious application can impose on an FPGA-based system in a multi-tenancy scenario from a hardware security point of view. In particular, this article evaluates the risk systematically for FPGA power-hammering through short-circuits and self-oscillating circuits, which potentially may cause harm to a system. This risk includes implementing, tuning, and evaluating all FPGA self-oscillators known from the literature but also developing a large number of new power-hammering designs that have not been considered before. Our experiments demonstrate that malicious circuits can be tuned to the point that just 3% of the logic available on an Ultra96 FPGA board can draw the power budget of the entire FPGA board. This fact suggests a waste power potential for datacenter FPGAs in the range of kilowatts.

In addition to carefully analyzing FPGA hardware security threats, we present the FPGA virus scanner FPGAD
efender
, which can detect (possibly) any self-oscillating FPGA circuit, as well as detecting short-circuits, high fanout nets, and a tapping onto signals outside the scope of a module for protecting data center FPGAs, such as Xilinx UltraScale+ devices at the bitstream level.
Abstract A016: Race, place, and smoking in rural America across four categories of an urban/rural continuum: Evidence from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)
Authors: Lopez Gilberto , Mattie Heather 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction. Although smoking prevalence has declined over the past decade, it is still associated with many types of cancer and is the leading cause of lung cancer. Rural populations are especially at risk as they have been consistently more likely to smoke. However, most research has ignored the marked heterogeneity of rural America, focusing solely on a rural/urban dichotomy. Methods. Using Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes (RUCAs) from the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS-5) database (n=5,099), we analyze the odds of smoking across four contexts: urban, large-rural, small-rural, and isolated-rural areas. Additionally, we test the interaction of race/ethnicity and rurality on smoking. This gives us a potentially more detailed understanding of the relationship between race, place, and health across the urban-rural continuum. Using an established social determinants framework, a series of logistic regression models were fitted to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for smoking. Results. We found that those living in a small rural town had 2.16 times the odds of smoking, compared to those living in an urban area (p&lt;0.001). Additionally, non-Whites living in isolated rural areas had significantly lower odds of smoking (OR 0.03) compared to Whites in isolated rural areas (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions. Place and race matter for health. These findings have implications for the allocation of resources and the design of interventions aimed at smoking cessation in rural America. Such interventions should take into account the nuances of rurality, and race, in order to create culturally appropriate programming.
Citation Format: Gilberto Lopez, Heather Mattie. Race, place, and smoking in rural America across four categories of an urban/rural continuum: Evidence from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A016.
Abstract A021: Tobacco and e-cigarette use in a sample of young men 18-24 in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico: The Youth Prevention Program
Authors: Saldaña-Santiago Nashaly M , Rodríguez-Lebrón Jorge , Sánchez-Cabrera Yara , Acosta-Pérez Edna , Colón-López Vivian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Smoking is the number one preventable cause of death in the world. In Puerto Rico, 11.3% of the general population reported being current smokers. The majority are men who started smoking at a young age. In addition to cigarette smoking, it is important to monitor the new and potentially dangerous trend of e-cigarette use, which has doubled ever since 2014. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of current cigarette and lifetime e-cigarette use in a sample of young men 18-24 years old from the Youth Prevention Program (YPREV). Methods: A cross-sectional study among 318 young men was implemented in 2017. Bivariate analysis comparing cigarette and e-cigarette use by selected characteristics were conducted. Results: More than half of the participants reported having smoked cigarettes during the last 30 days. Approximately 39.3% of the participants reported the use of e-cigarette in their lifetime, with 76.9% of the participants indicating trying e-cigarettes for the first time after starting college. When exploring the association between selected characteristics and current cigarette smoking, participants who reported low perceived risk of HIV infection are more likely to smoke cigarettes (p-value &gt;0.01). In relation to e-cigarette, participants who reported being employed were more likely to use e-cigarettes (p-value=0.012). Moreover, participants who belong to the minority serving institution, reported less use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes ever than those part of the community. Conclusions: As YPREV aimed to expand their prevention services to young men in the Western region of Puerto Rico, strategic alliances for the development of multidisciplinary interventions for cigarette and e-cigarette use will be necessary, which will help develop targeted prevention strategies, primarily among freshmen college students in the Western region of Puerto Rico.
Citation Format: Nashaly M Saldaña-Santiago, Jorge Rodríguez-Lebrón, Yara Sánchez-Cabrera, Edna Acosta-Pérez, Vivian Colón-López. Tobacco and e-cigarette use in a sample of young men 18-24 in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico: The Youth Prevention Program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A021.
Abstract A042: Impact of a natural disaster on access to care and biopsychosocial outcomes among Hispanic/Latino cancer patients
Authors: Rodriguez-Rabassa Mary , Hernandez Ruthmarie , Rodriguez Zindie , Colon-Echevarria Claudia B , Maldonado Lizette , Tollinchi Nelmit , Torres Estefania , Mulero Adnil , Albors Daniela , Perez-Morales Jaileene , Flores Idhaliz , Jim Heather , Castro Eida M , Armaiz-Pena Guillermo N 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death in Puerto Rico (PR). Hurricane Maria (HM) and its aftermath lead to widespread devastation in the island, including the collapse of the healthcare system. Medically fragile populations, such as cancer patients and survivors, were significantly affected. The goal of the current study was to assess the impact of HM on barriers to care, emotional distress and inflammatory biomarkers among cancer patients in PR. Methods: This exploratory longitudinal study was conducted in health care facilities and community support groups from PR. Cancer patients (n=50) and non-cancer patients (n=50) completed a battery of psychosocial questionnaires and provided blood samples that were utilized to assess inflammatory cytokines levels. Data were analyzed through descriptive, frequencies, correlational and linear regression analyses. Results: Cancer patients that were affected by HM reported increased barriers in accessing medical care, which were positively associated with anxiety, perceived stress, and post-traumatic symptomatology. Moreover, being a cancer patient or survivor, along with closeness in time from HM predicted more barriers to receiving health care. Several inflammatory cytokines were significantly upregulated in cancer patients and positively correlated with barriers to care. Conclusions: HM significantly impacted Puerto Ricans psychosocial well-being. Cancer patients had significant barriers to care and increased serum inflammatory cytokines, but similar anxiety, stress and post-traumatic symptoms compared to non-cancer controls. Impact: These findings demonstrate the urgency of delineating a plan for providing cancer care to patients in the aftermath of a natural disaster while promoting and influencing resilience and well-being.
Citation Format: Mary Rodriguez-Rabassa, Ruthmarie Hernandez, Zindie Rodriguez, Claudia B Colon-Echevarria, Lizette Maldonado, Nelmit Tollinchi, Estefania Torres, Adnil Mulero, Daniela Albors, Jaileene Perez-Morales, Idhaliz Flores, Heather Jim, Eida M Castro, Guillermo N Armaiz-Pena. Impact of a natural disaster on access to care and biopsychosocial outcomes among Hispanic/Latino cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A042.
Abstract A072: Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York
Authors: Hubert Benjamin , Froeling Fieke , Arora Kanika , Chu Tim , Robine Nicolas , Zody Michael , Oschwald Dayna , Varmus Harold , Sawyers Charles , Tuveson David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and aims Advances in sequencing technologies have revolutionized our approaches in medicine. However, our current knowledge about the molecular attributes of cancer has primarily been derived from patients of European descent. The overall aim of Polyethnic-1000 is to bring genomic innovation to under-represented ethnic groups in the diverse patient population of New York City. Methods and results A dynamic research platform is being created, involving the New York Genome Center and academic centers and partnering hospitals in the New York City region. In a first, retrospective stage, the infra-structure, sample workflow, analysis and data sharing within the consortium has been developed and whole exome and RNA sequencing has been performed on 100 samples from self-identified non-white cancer patients treated at 14 different centers. Data from over 24 tumor types were shared with our collaborators and the somatic variants were made available through our in-house instance of cBioPortal. The knowledge gained during this stage is used to design a prospective study with formation of cohorts of interest for particular cancer types and particular ethnicities, with uniform consent allowing germline and somatic sequencing with broad data sharing of the somatic variants identified. Conclusion By establishing a collaborative network, Polyethnic-1000 will deepen our understanding of the contributions that ethnicities make to the incidence and biology of cancers, potentially improving outcomes for patients who currently lack access to the most recent advances in medical science.
Citation Format: Benjamin Hubert, Fieke Froeling, Kanika Arora, Tim Chu, Nicolas Robine, Michael Zody, Dayna Oschwald, Harold Varmus, Charles Sawyers, David Tuveson. Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A072.
Abstract A099: Oncotype Dx test receipt among Latina women with breast cancer: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Acuna Nicholas , Stroup Antoinette M. , Tsui Jennifer , Llanos Adana A.M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction. The clinical utility of Oncotype Dx (ODx) testing, in order to estimate breast cancer (BrCa) recurrence risk and chemotherapy benefit, is widely accepted. However, population-based data on the utilization of ODx testing among Latina BrCa patients are limited. In this study, we are examining eligibility and receipt of ODx testing among Latinas in New Jersey diagnosed with breast cancer from 2008 to 2013, and assessing factors associated with ODx test receipt in the population. Methods. Data on all primary, histologically confirmed, invasive BrCa cases diagnosed among women between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2013 (N=32,770) were retrieved from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry. In order to identify Latina cases, those that were coded not as Non-Hispanic on the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries Hispanic Identification Algorithm were included in the analytic sample. Guideline-concordant ODx testing was classified as testing among Stage IA, Stage IB, Stage IIA or Stage IIB, node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive and/or progesterone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative cases. Results. Approximately 9% of the total population-based sample of invasive BrCa cases were Latinas (n= 3,036). Among them, the average age at diagnosis was 55.8±13.3 years, 76.0% had ductal carcinoma histology, and 7.8% and 11.1% were non-luminal HER2-expressing and triple-negative subtypes, respectively. In terms of eligibility for ODx testing, 45.8% (1,391/3,306) were eligible and among them, 23.9% (333/1,391) received the test. Among those ineligible for ODx testing, 2.6% (43/1,645) received the test. Conclusions. The underutilization of guideline-concordant ODx testing among eligible Latina BrCa cases in New Jersey (&lt;50%) could indicate that there is unequal access to appropriate genetic testing and optimal adjuvant chemotherapy. This might exacerbate disparities as BrCa is a leading cause of cancer death among Latinas. Our future aims include assessment of factors associated with guideline-concordant ODx test receipt among Latinas, and the impacts of ODx test receipt on BrCa treatment and survival.
Citation Format: Nicholas Acuna, Antoinette M. Stroup, Jennifer Tsui, Adana A.M. Llanos. Oncotype Dx test receipt among Latina women with breast cancer: A population-based retrospective cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A099.
Abstract A126: Rural-urban differences in breast reconstruction utilization following mastectomy
Authors: Bautista Robert-Marlo F. , DeCoster Ryan C. , Burns Jack C. , Edmunds Robert W. , Dugan Adam J. , Rinker Brian J. , Webster Matthew , Vasconez Henry C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Healthcare disparities in rural women are well-defined, however little is known about breast reconstruction (BR) utilization in this population, especially rural Kentucky. The goal of this study was to determine if disparities in BR exist among post-mastectomy rural female patients in Kentucky. Methods: The Kentucky Cancer Registry was used to identify patients diagnosed with breast cancer and treated with mastectomy from 2006-2015. Patients were subdivided into mastectomy-only and mastectomy plus BR groups. 2013 Beale codes were used to stratify patients according to urban, near-metro or rural status. Chi-square tests were used to examine the association of BR along the rural-urban continuum. A multivariate logistic regression model controlling for patient, disease and treatment factors was used to predict BR. The likelihood of undergoing BR was reported in odds ratios (OR) using a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Overall, 12,036 patients underwent mastectomy. Of these patients, 2,822 (23.4%) also underwent BR. The rate of BR among urban, near-metro and rural patients was 32.4%, 23.1% and 14.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that women from near metro (OR 0.56, CI 0.50-0.63; p &lt; 0.001) and rural areas (OR 0.38, CI 0.33-0.43; p &lt;0.001) were less likely to undergo BR than women from urban areas. Conclusion: Although BR benefits are well documented, women from rural areas undergo BR at lower rates and are less likely to receive BR than their urban and near-metro counterparts. While multiple factors contribute to this disparity, future efforts should seek to improve comprehensive breast cancer care which includes access to a reconstructive breast surgeon.
Citation Format: Robert-Marlo F. Bautista, Ryan C. DeCoster, Jack C. Burns, Robert W. Edmunds, Adam J. Dugan, Brian J. Rinker, Matthew Webster, Henry C. Vasconez. Rural-urban differences in breast reconstruction utilization following mastectomy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A126.
Abstract A131: Understanding financial toxicities and disparities associated with treating colorectal cancer in the minority community
Authors: Johnson Wenora 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Understanding financial toxicities and disparities associated with colorectal cancer in the minority community.
Citation Format: Wenora Johnson. Understanding financial toxicities and disparities associated with treating colorectal cancer in the minority community [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A131.
Abstract B019: Estimating the costs and cost-effectiveness of promoting mammography screening among US-based Latinas
Authors: Pichardo Catherine M , Molina Yamilé , Patrick Donald L , Ramsey Scott D , Bishop Sonia , Beresford Shirley A.A. , Coronado Gloria D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: We characterize the costs and cost-effectiveness of a community health worker (CHW)-based intervention to promote screening mammography among US-based non-adherent Latinas. Methods: The parent study was a randomized controlled trial for 536 Latinas aged 42-74 years old who had sought care within a safety net health center in Western Washington. Participants were block-randomized within clinic to the control arm (usual care) or intervention arm (CHW-led motivational interviewing intervention). We used the perspective of the organization implementing promotional activities to characterize costs and cost-effectiveness. Cost data were categorized as program set-up and maintenance (initial training, booster/annual training) program implementation (administrative activities, intervention delivery); and, overhead/miscellaneous expenses. Cost-effectiveness was calculated as the incremental cost of screening for each additional woman screened between the intervention and control arms. Results: The respective costs per participant for standard care and the intervention arm were $69.96 and $300.99. Most costs pertained to program implementation and administrative activities specifically. The incremental cost per additional woman screened was $2,595.32. Conclusions: Our findings are within the ranges of costs and cost-effectiveness for other CHW programs to promote screening mammography among underserved populations. Our strong study design and focus on non-adherent women provides important strengths to this body of work, especially given implementation and dissemination science efforts regarding CHW-based health promotion for health disparity populations.
Citation Format: Catherine M Pichardo, Yamilé Molina, Donald L Patrick, Scott D Ramsey, Sonia Bishop, Shirley A.A. Beresford, Gloria D Coronado. Estimating the costs and cost-effectiveness of promoting mammography screening among US-based Latinas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B019.
Abstract B036: Asian Breast Cancer (ABC) Project: Breaking the silence with knowledge and support
Authors: Huang Chien-Chi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Asian Breast Cancer Project (ABC) is a comprehensive project spearheaded by Chien-Chi Huang, a Taiwanese American breast cancer survivor who is determined to break the silence and raise the awareness of breast cancer among Asian Americans. It aims to provide a community-based, peer-led program to address the lack of breast health/breast cancer education, screening, and treatment among, USA. Asian American women in the Greater Boston area in Massachusetts.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Chien-Chi Huang. Asian Breast Cancer (ABC) Project: Breaking the silence with knowledge and support [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B036.