bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Mortality Predictors for Severe Childhood Pneumonia in ICUs: A Real-World Study in China
Authors: cao lu , ji zhaohua , zuo yan , wang jingwen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background To identify the epidemiology and mortality predictors for severe childhood pneumonia and evaluate the influence of medications on clinical outcome in the real world.Methods We performed a retrospective observation study among children with severe pneumonia aged ≤ 5 years of age, separately comparing the detailed information between the in-hospital death cases and the survival cases in two different age groups. Multivariate regression model was used to figure out mortality predictors.Results 945 children were recruited, including 604 infants and 341 young children. Overall 88 deaths occurred (9.3%). There was low adherence to guidelines in antimicrobials and carbapenems were widely served as initial empiric regimens, but the efficacy was not superior to the guidelines recommended. In multivariate analyses, very severe pneumonia (OR: 3.55; 95% CI: 1.39–9.09), lower birth weight (OR: 3.92; 95% CI: 1.50-10.23), severe underweight (OR: 4.72; 95% CI: 1.92–11.62), mechanical ventilation (OR: 5.06; 95% CI: 1.97–12.95;OR: 14.43; 95% CI 3.31–62.96),comorbidity including anemia (OR: 5.61; 95% CI: 2.36–13.35), neonatal asphyxia (OR: 6.03; 95% CI: 1.57–23.12), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (OR: 3.73; 95% CI: 1.21–11.48) and sedative-hypnotics ( OR: 4.32; 95% CI: 1.76–10.61; OR: 4.13; 95% CI༚1.50-11.38) were independent risk factors for death, whereas a lower mortality was present in infants with probiotics (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.10–0.54).Conclusions Severe pneumonia remains a primary cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Clinical characteristics, comorbidity and medications are evidently associated with death. Importantly, we should pay particular attention to the identification of the mortality predictors and establish prophylactic measures to reduce the mortality.
Association between the levels of perceived physical literacy and physical activity amongst undergraduates in Mainland China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ma Ruisi , Sum Kim Wai Raymond , Huang Yan , Qiu Zi Cheng , Niu XueLiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

This study examines the association between perceived physical literacy (PL) and physical activity (PA) levels amongst Chinese undergraduates through a cross-sectional study.
Methods

A total of 622 Chinese undergraduates aged between 18 and 21 years participated in the study. A simplified Chinese version of the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI-SC) and long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SC) were used to measure the participants’ perceived PL and PA levels. Pearson’s Product–Moment Correlation and multiple linear regression were then used to examine the relationship between the perceived PL and PA levels.
Results

The correlation between perceived PL and PA levels was low but significant (r = 0.254, p < 0.01). Except for the sedentary domain, the correlation between the rest of the domains and intensities of PA and dimensions of PL are also the same (r = 0.089–0.336, p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression equation was significant (F = 25.228, p < 0.01, R2 = 0.125). Metabolic equivalent (MET) values were used to predict the PA level of the participants, which were − 3818.582 + 272.535(Motivation) + 249.848 (Confidence and physical competence) + 149.899 (Interaction with the environment). Additionally, the correlation between perceived PL and PA levels showed no significant difference in terms of gender, body mass index (BMI) and socio-economic status (SES), but showed a significant difference in grade point average (GPA).
Conclusions

Perceived PL and PA levels were significantly related and associated with gender, BMI, GPA, and SES. Two factors that were unrelated to PL and PA were sedentary and higher GPA, indicating that the current system of education and examination has led to physical inactivity in Chinese undergraduates. The study highlights the importance of the association between PA and PL, and offers a path by which to explore the concept of PL and how it can affect the PA of Chinese undergraduates. Furthermore, on the basis of this study's findings, more research could develop practical interventions to help Chinese undergraduates enhance their PL and to take responsibility to engage in life-long PA.
Potential Reduction of Carbon Burden for Senak Seawater Desalination Plant in Malaysia
Authors: Latifah A.Ghani , Nazaran Ilyani Syazira , Ali Nora'aini , Hanafiah Marlia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
PurposeCarbon footprint calculation is one of the approaches available in the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) system, which can be considered as a decision support tool for environmental sustainability management. Hence, this purpose of this study is to examine the potential contribution of the product, namely water through carbon footprint measurement. Seawater has been selected as the source for clean water transformation in Senak due to its ability to meet the growing demands of the local population and its ability to be recycled in the long term.MethodsIn this study, carbon footprint assessment was used to investigate seawater production systems from a desalination plant in Senok, Kelantan, Malaysia. Three stages of the desalination plant processing system have been investigated and the inventory database has been developed using the relevant model framework. The LCA method, in accordance with ISO14040-43 guidelines has been simplified with working unit selected is 1 per cubic meter of treated water produced from a salt water desalination source.Results and discussionOverall, the results of the study indicate that the Revolutionary Osmotic (RO) technology that has been used in the desalination plant in the study area is one of the best options to meet the demands of the environmental sustainability agenda (SDGs). This is due to a lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of about 3.5 × 10−2 kg of CO2 eq per m3/year that has been recorded for the entire operation of the system. The other pollutants involved the emission of NOx and Sox, which were considered to be insignificant. However, if the plant continues to operate completely on fossil fuel for the next 25 years, the emission is expected to affect the health of the community.ConclusionsSeveral factors that influence important errors in carbon footprint decisions such as the lack of EIA reporting data and the literature on carbon footprint in the Malaysian scenario. The total dependency of electrical source for SWRO process of fossil fuel is the most critical factor in the carbon footprint issue in this study. These findings can be used to develop a carbon footprint model that can commercialise carbon tax, carbon economy capital, energy security assurance, and standard carbon regulation and legislation in the context of local desalination projects.
COVID-19 in a Child with Primary Specific Antibody Deficiency
Authors: Ahanchian Hamid , Moazzen Nasrin , Faroughi Majid Sezavar Dokht , Khalighi Negar , Khoshkhui Maryam , Aelami Mohammad Hassan , Haghi Nasrin Sadat Motevalli , Rezaei Nima 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background. In the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, millions of people have been affected so far. Clinical manifestations and natural history of infections have a very wide range, which is important to know it in various underlying diseases. Although children are less affected than adults, its presentation especially in those with underlying diseases should not be neglected.Case presentation. Herein we report the first case of specific antibody deficiency, who was affected with COVID-19. The patient suffered from rhinorrhea and modestly increased in productive cough, but real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was positive for COVID-19.Conclusions. Although presentation of COVID-19 in patients with immunodeficiency could be mild, it should not be missed, while early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can survive affected patients.
Temperature Rise and Thermal Deformation of Magnetic Pole of MLDSB under Multiple Physical Field Coupling
Authors: ZHAO JianHua , ZHAO Ji-Sheng , LI Sheng , WANG Zhe , DU Guo-Jun , GAO Dian-Rong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The thermal deformation of magnetic poles caused by the heat loss of the coils of Magnetic Liquid Double Suspension Bearing (MLDSB) can reduced the gap between magnetic poles and magnetic sleeve, and the probability and degree of impact-rub can be increased in the working process of MLDSB. And the coatings of magnetic poles and magnetic sleeve can be worn overly, and the operation stability and service life of MLDSB will be reduced severely. The thermal deformation of magnetic poles can be affected by the material property of magnetic pole, the electric current of the coils, and the cooling effect of the lubricants and so on, so it belongs to the multiple physical field coupling. Therefore, the flow-solid-thermal coupled mathematics model of MLDSB is established and solved with ANSYS in this paper, and the distribution law of flow field of the magnetic pole is explored. The transfer path and distribution principles of heat loss are revealed and the distribution law of temperature rise and thermal deformation of magnetic pole in different operating conditions are explored. The results indicate that the temperature rise and thermal deformation of the stator is symmetrically distributed in the center, it gradually increase from the outside to the center, and the thermal deformation near the corner of magnetic pole is largest. The most heat loss can be taken away by the lubricants under the condition of heat balance. The thermal deformation of magnetic pole can increase linearly as the current gradually increase, and the stress is concentrated in the threaded hole and magnetic pole. The thermal deformation decreases linearly as the inlet pressure of the lubricants gradually increase. The PIV results of flow trace are basically consistent with the simulation results. The research in this paper can provide the theoretical reference for the structural design and the optimization of MLDSB.
Correlation Analysis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma on Sonographic Features and Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Zhou Liuhua , Zhu Qiaodan , Yao Jincao , Ou Di , Yang Chen , Xu Dong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common pathological type of thyroid carcinoma. We aim to evaluate the correlation between sonographic features of PTC and cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM). Methods A total of 1335 patients who underwent thyroidectomy and had pathologically confirmed unifocal PTC were enrolled in the retrospective research. Univariate analysis and logistic analysis were performed to predict CLNM by several independent variables. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was executed to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Results Univariate analysis showed that location, aspect ratio, margin, echogenic foci, TI-RADS score and grade were related to CLNM (P<0.05). Logistic analysis on sonographic features showed that margin and echogenic foci were independent correlative factors. Meanwhile, logistic analysis included clinical information, ultrasonic measurements and sonographic features showed that gender, age, tumour maximum diameter and volume, cross-sectional aspect ratio, location, margin and echogenic foci were independent correlative factors. The ROC curves were established based on the relevant factors, the AUC of tumour maximum diameter, tumour volume and margin were 0.738, 0.733, and 0.711, respectively. The regression model was constructed with AUC of 0.813, specificity of 70.3%, and sensitivity of 78.5%. ANOVA variance analysis on positive and negative group, tumour maximum diameter, margin, echogenic foci, TI-RADS score and grade had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion Lower location, larger lesion, margin and echogenic foci were high risk factors for CLNM in PTC, cross-sectional aspect ratio≥1 had more effective predictive value than longitudinal-sectional aspect ratio. Tumor volume was more effective to evaluate the lateral metastasis than maximum tumour diameter, it could guide preoperative FNA for CLNM.
Museomics of tree squirrels: A dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul
Authors: Abreu Edson Fiedler de , Pavan Silvia E. , Tsuchiya Mirian T. N. , Wilson Don E. , Percequillo Alexandre R. , Maldonado Jesús E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Tree squirrels (Sciuridae, Sciurini), in particular the highly diverse Neotropical lineages, are amongst the most rapidly diversifying branches of the mammal tree of life but also some of the least known. Negligence of this group by systematists is likely a product of the difficulties in assessing morphological informative traits and of the scarcity or unavailability of fresh tissue samples for DNA sequencing. The highly discrepant taxonomic arrangements are a consequence of the lack of phylogenies and the exclusive phenotypic-based classifications, which can be misleading in a group with conservative morphology. Here we used high-throughput sequencing and an unprecedented sampling of museum specimens to provide the first comprehensive phylogeny of tree squirrels, with a special emphasis on Neotropical taxa.Results: We obtained complete or partial mitochondrial genomes from 232 historical and modern samples, representing 40 of the 43 currently recognized species of Sciurini. Our phylogenetic analyses—performed with datasets differing on levels of missing data and taxa under distinct analytical methods— strongly support the monophyly of Sciurini and consistently recovered 12 major clades within the tribe. We found evidence that the diversity of Neotropical tree squirrels is underestimated, with at least six lineages that represent taxa to be named or revalidated. Ancestral state reconstructions of number of upper premolars and number of mammae indicated that alternative conditions of both characters must have evolved multiple times throughout the evolutionary history of tree squirrels.Conclusions: Complete mitogenomes were obtained from museum specimens as old as 120 years, reinforcing the potential of historical samples for phylogenetic inferences of elusive lineages of the tree of life. None of the taxonomic arrangements ever proposed for tree squirrels fully corresponded to our phylogenetic reconstruction, with only a few of the currently recognized genera recovered as monophyletic. By investigating the evolution of two morphological traits widely employed in the taxonomy of the group, we revealed that their homoplastic nature can help explain the incongruence between phylogenetic results and the classification schemes presented so far. Based on our phylogenetic results we suggest a tentative supraspecific taxonomic arrangement for Sciurini, employing 13 generic names used in previous taxonomic classifications.
Identifying Facemask-wearing Condition Using Image Super-Resolution with Classification Network to Prevent COVID-19
Authors: QIN BOSHENG , LI DONGXIAO 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rapid worldwide spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) has resulted in a global pandemic. Correct facemask wearing is valuable in infectious disease control, but the effectiveness of facemasks has been diminished mostly due to improper wearing. However, there have not been any published reports on the automatic identification of facemask wearing conditions. In this study, we developed a new facemask wearing condition identification method in combination with image super resolution with classification network (SRCNet) SRCNet), which quantified a three categories classification problem based on unconstrained 2D facial image images. The proposed algorithm contained four main steps: image pre processing, face detection and crop, image super resolution, and face mask wearing conditions identification. Our method was trained and evaluated on public dataset Medical Masks Dataset containing 3835 images with 671 images of no facemask wearing, 134 images of incorrect facemask wearing, and 3030 images of correct facemask wearing. Finally, the proposed SRCNet achieved 98.70% accuracy and outperformed traditional end to end image classification methods using deep learning without image super resolution by over 1.5 in kappa. Our findings indicate that the proposed SRCNet could achieve high accuracy identification in facemask wearing conditions , which have potential application in epidemic prevention involving COVID 19.
Forecasting COVID-19 onset risk and evaluating spatiotemporal variations of the lockdown effect in China
Authors: Shi Wenzhong , Tong Chengzhuo , Zhang Anshu , Wang Bin , Shi Zhicheng , Yao Yepeng , Jia Peng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It is important to forecast the risk of COVID-19 symptom onset and thereby evaluate how effectively the city lockdown measure could reduce this risk. This study is a first comprehensive, high-resolution investigation of spatiotemporal heterogeneities in the effect of the Wuhan lockdown on the risk of COVID-19 symptom onset in all 347 Chinese cities. An extended Weight Kernel Density Estimation model was developed to predict the COVID-19 onset risk under two scenarios (i.e., with and without Wuhan lockdown). The Wuhan lockdown, compared with the scenario without lockdown implementation, delayed the arrival of the COVID-19 onset risk peak for 1-2 days in general and lowered risk peak values among all cities. The decrease of the onset risk attributed to the lockdown was more than 8% in over 40% of Chinese cities, and up to 21.3% in some cities. Lockdown was the most effective in areas with medium risk before lockdown.
Review of approaches for selection and ensembling of GCMs
Authors: Raju Komaragiri Srinivasa , Kumar Dasika Nagesh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlobal climate models (GCMs) are developed to simulate past climate and produce projections of climate in future. Their roles in ascertaining regional issues and possible solutions in water resources planning/management are appreciated across the world. However, there is substantial uncertainty in the future projections of GCM(s) for practical and regional implementation which has attracted criticism by the water resources planners. The present paper aims at reviewing the selection of GCMs and focusing on performance indicators, ranking of GCMs and ensembling of GCMs and covering different geographical regions. In addition, this paper also proposes future research directions.
Correlations between Overexpression of SOX2OT Long Non-coding RNA and Susceptibility to Breast Cancer
Authors: Dehghani-Samani Mina , Hassanzadeh Naiemeh , Kabiri Hamidreza , Jafari Marzieh , Shahrokhi Matineh Rahmani G. , Chermahini Maryam J. , Akbari Arvand , Noshadi Esmat , Mahmoudi Esmaeil , Jusic Amela 
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective:
The SOX2OT lcnRNA has been recognized as a positive
regulator in the transcription regulation of the SOX2 gene. Recent studies have approved the
dysregulation of SOX2OT lncRNA expression patterns in some common cancer types, including
esophageal, lung, and breast cancer. The objective of the present study was to investigate the
correlation between overexpression of SOX2OT lcnRNA and susceptibility to breast cancer.

Methods:
SOX2OT lncRNA expression profiling in 15 breast cancer and normal tumour-adjacent
breast tissue samples was performed by using qRT-PCR. To evaluate the diagnostic potential of
the SOX2OT lncRNA, we performed ROC curve analyses.

Results:
The expression of SOX2OT lncRNA in patients suffering from breast cancer revealed a
significant overexpression in comparison with the healthy group (P<0.001). Significantly, the
elevated circulating SOX2OT lncRNA was found specific to breast cancer and could differentiate
breast cancer from controls with 100% of both sensitivity and specificity. Based on the Kaplan-
Meier analysis, there was no significant correlation between SOX2OT lcnRNA expression and
overall survival.

Conclusion:
The results confirmed the association between breast cancer and higher SOX2OT
lncRNA expression. According to the ROC curve results, SOX2OT lcnRNA could be a new
measurable indicator of the breast cancer and a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer patients.
Role of Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 2C19 in Pantoprazole Metabolism and Pantoprazole-based Helicobacter pylori Eradication Regimens
Authors: Jonaitis Paulius , Jonaitis Laimas , Kupcinskas Juozas 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of 70-80%
of the currently used medications, including proton pump inhibitors. There are some data analyzing the impact of
gene polymorphisms of CYP450 enzymes on most widely used PPIs, such as omeprazole, however, the data on pantoprazole
are highly lacking.

Objective:
To summarize the most recent publications and studies on the role of polymorphisms of the genes encoding
CYP450 enzyme 2C19 in the metabolism of pantoprazole and pantoprazole based Helicobacter pylori eradication
regimens.

Methods:
We performed a non-systematic search of the available literature on the selected topic.

Results and conclusion:
The data on cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms and their role in pantoprazole metabolism
and pantoprazole based Helicobacter pylori eradication remain conflicting. Individual differences in pantoprazole
metabolism might be partly related to genetic polymorphisms of CYP450 enzymes. Most of the studies support
the observation that cytochrome 2C19 polymorphisms have an impact on the pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole and
its therapeutic effects: poor metabolizers of PPIs are more likely to have a better response to pantoprazole therapy
and achieve better H. pylori eradication rates compared to rapid metabolizers. The determination of alleles that are
associated with decreased (e.g., *2, *3 alleles) or increased (e.g., *17 allele) cytochrome 2C19 enzyme activity might
be used as predictive factors for the potential of acid suppression and the success of Helicobacter pylori eradication.
Overall, currently available data do not provide robust evidence, therefore, the application of genetic polymorphisms
of cytochrome enzymes in clinical practice still cannot be recommended as routine practice for personalized pantoprazole
prescription strategies.