bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Controlling Emission Anisotropy in Lead Halide Perovskite Emitters for LED Outcoupling Enhancement
Authors: Marcato Tommaso , Kumar Sudhir , Shih Chih‐Jen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the last decade, momentous progress in lead halide perovskite (LHP) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is witnessed as their external quantum efficiency (ηext) has increased from 0.1 to more than 30%. Indeed, perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs), which can in principle reach 100% internal quantum efficiency as they are not limited by the spin‐statistics, are reaching their full potential and approaching the theoretical limit in terms of device efficiency. However, ≈70% to 85% of total generated photons are trapped within the devices through the dissipation pathways of the substrate, waveguide, and evanescent modes. To this end, numerous extrinsic and intrinsic light‐outcoupling strategies are studied to enhance light‐outcoupling efficiency (ηout). At the outset, various external and internal light outcoupling techniques are reviewed with specific emphasis on emission anisotropy and its role on ηout. In particular, the device ηext can be enhanced by up to 50%, taking advantage of the increased probability for photons outcoupled to air by effectively inducing horizontally oriented emission transition dipole moments (TDM) in the perovskite emitters. The role of the TDM orientation in PeLED performance and the factors allowing its rational manipulation are reviewed extensively. Furthermore, this account presents an in‐depth discussion about the effects of the self‐assembly of LHP colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) into superlattices on the NC emission anisotropy and optical properties.
Acid‐Induced in Situ Phase Separation and Percolation for Constructing Bi‐Continuous Phase Hydrogel Electrodes With Motion‐Insensitive Property
Authors: Han Qingquan , Gao Xigang , Zhang Chao , Tian Yajie , Liang Sen , Li Xin , Jing Yafeng , Zhang Milin , Wang Anhe , Bai Shuo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConducting polymer hydrogels have gained attention in the bioelectronics field due to their unique combination of biocompatibility and customizable mechanical properties. However, achieving both excellent conductivity and mechanical strength in a hydrogel remains a significant challenge, primarily because of the inherent conflict between the hydrophobic nature of conducting polymers and the hydrophilic characteristics of hydrogels. To address this issue, this work proposes a simple one‐step acid‐induced approach that not only promotes the gelation of hydrophilic polymers but also facilitates the in situ phase separation of hydrophobic conducting polymers under mild conditions. This results in a distinctive bi‐continuous phase structure with exceptional electrical property (906 mS cm−1) and mechanical performance (fracture strain of 1103%). The hydrogel forms robust percolating networks that maintain structural integrity under mechanical stress due to their entropic elasticity, providing remarkable strain insensitivity, low mechanical hysteresis, and an impressive resilience (95%). Electrodes fabricated from the conductive hydrogel exhibit stable and minimal interfacial contact impedance with skin (1–6 kilohms at 1–100 Hz) and significantly lower noise power (4.9 µV2). This work believes that the motion‐insensitive characteristics and mechanical robustness of this hydrogel will enable efficient and reliable monitoring of biological signals, establishing a new benchmark in the bioelectronics.
Giant Ultrabroadband Bulk Photovoltaic Effect Engendered by Two‐Photon Absorption in α‐In2Se3 for Chiral Terahertz Wave Generation
Authors: Lei Zhen , Xi Yayan , Shi Mingjian , Xu Guorong , Huang Yuanyuan , Xu Xinlong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) can break the Shockley–Queisser limit by leveraging the inherent asymmetry of crystal lattice without a junction. However, this effect is mainly confined to UV–vis spectrum due to the wide‐bandgap nature of traditional ferroelectric materials, thereby limiting the exploration of the infrared light‐driven efficient BPVE. Herein, giant two‐photon absorption (TPA) driven BPVE is uncovered from visible to infrared in ferroelectric α‐In2Se3 utilizing wavelength‐tunable terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy. Remarkably, α‐In2Se3 exhibits exceptional THz emission efficiency in the infrared region, surpassing renowned THz emitters like p‐InAs and achieving an efficiency approximately eight times the magnitude of standard ZnTe. The power exponent‐type pump fluence and quadruple polarization features reveal a unique TPA‐driven BPVE, corroborated by a fourth‐order nonlinear oscillator model. Notably, TPA‐engendered BPVE efficiency approaches 68% of that observed in the single‐photon absorption process. Moreover, the TPA responses display clear polarization anisotropy, with considerably relative phase and amplitude driven by synchronous in‐plane and out‐of‐plane polarization, leading to chiral THz waves with high efficiency, tunable orientation, and controllable ellipticity. This work highlights the advantages of TPA‐induced BPVE responses in narrow‐bandgap ferroelectric semiconductors, enhancing spectral utilization efficiency, aiding high‐performance devices based on BPVE, and guiding chiral THz wave design.
JUNB O‐GlcNAcylation‐Mediated Promoter Accessibility of Metabolic Genes Modulates Distinct Epithelial Lineage in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Bammert Marie‐Therese , Ansari Meshal , Haag Leoni , Ahmad Zuhdi , Schröder Victoria , Birch Joseph , Santacruz Diana , Rust Werner , Viollet Coralie , Strobel Benjamin , Dick Alec , Gantner Florian , Schlüter Holger , Ramirez Fidel , Lizé Muriel , Thomas Matthew J. , Le Huy Q. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal disease with substantial unmet medical needs. While aberrant epithelial remodeling is a key factor in IPF progression, the molecular mechanisms behind this process remain elusive. Harnessing a 3D patient‐derived organoid model and multi‐omics approach, the first inventory of the connection between metabolic alteration, chromatin accessibility, and transcriptional regulation in IPF aberrant epithelial remodeling is provided. This remodeling is characterized by an increase in chromatin accessibility, particularly at JUNB motif‐enriched promoter regions proximal to transcription start sites of metabolic and pro‐fibrotic genes. Mechanistically, JUNB undergoes O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine modification (O‐GlcNAcylation), a critical step in modulating pro‐fibrotic responses to chronic injury. This modification is pivotal in fostering the emergence of aberrant epithelial basal cells in the alveolar niche, a proposed driver of IPF pathology. Specific deletion of O‐GlcNAcylation sites on JUNB attenuates the metaplastic differentiation of basal cells, thereby aiding in the restoration of the alveolar lineage. Together, the findings reveal a novel link between metabolic dysregulation and cell fate regulation at the chromatin level in fibrosis, mediated by the O‐GlcNAc‐JUNB axis, suggesting avenues for the development of new therapeutic strategies in IPF.
Physical One‐Way Functions for Decentralized Consensus Via Proof of Physical Work
Authors: Winkler Marvin , Peither Catharina , Petrick Simon , Seidemann Lothar , Jelich Holger , Kleine Jäger Frank , Müller‐Quade Jörn , Colsmann Alexander , Nirschl Hermann , Rhein Frank 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDecentralized consensus on the state of the Bitcoin blockchain is ensured by proof of work. It relies on digital one‐way functions and is associated with an enormous environmental impact. This paper conceptualizes a physical one‐way function that aims to transform a digital, electricity‐consuming consensus mechanism into a physical process. Boundary conditions for the security requirements are established and discussed as well as experimentally investigated for a specific setup based on printing and optical analysis of pigment‐carrier composites. In the context of the applied methods, this setup promises to be mathematically unclonable, steady, reproducible, collision resistant and non‐invertible and illustrates the feasibility of a physical one‐way function. Based on this, a framework for proof of physical work is conceptualized, which has the potential of a drastically lower CO2 footprint. This work initiates a progressive, interdisciplinary field of research and demands further investigations with regards to alternative setups, security definitions and strategies for challenging them.
Body Surface Potential Mapping: A Perspective on High‐Density Cutaneous Electrophysiology
Authors: Ruiz‐Mateos Serrano Ruben , Farina Dario , Malliaras George G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe electrophysiological signals recorded by cutaneous electrodes, known as body surface potentials (BSPs), are widely employed biomarkers in medical diagnosis. Despite their widespread application and success in detecting various conditions, the poor spatial resolution of traditional BSP measurements poses a limit to their diagnostic potential. Advancements in the field of bioelectronics have facilitated the creation of compact, high‐quality, high‐density recording arrays for cutaneous electrophysiology, allowing detailed spatial information acquisition as BSP maps (BSPMs). Currently, the design of electrode arrays for BSP mapping lacks a standardized framework, leading to customizations for each clinical study, limiting comparability, reproducibility, and transferability. This perspective proposes preliminary design guidelines, drawn from existing literature, rooted solely in the physical properties of electrophysiological signals and mathematical principles of signal processing. These guidelines aim to simplify and generalize the optimization process for electrode array design, fostering more effective and applicable clinical research. Moreover, the increased spatial information obtained from BSPMs introduces interpretation challenges. To mitigate this, two strategies are outlined: observational transformations that reconstruct signal sources for intuitive comprehension, and machine learning‐driven diagnostics. BSP mapping offers significant advantages in cutaneous electrophysiology with respect to classic electrophysiological recordings and is expected to expand into broader clinical domains in the future.
Wearable Temperature Sensor Enhanced Volatilomics Technique for Swift and Convenient Detection of Latrogenic Botulism
Authors: Li Xiaoyang , Yan Yufei , Hu Chenyi , Wang Jing , Wang Jinlin , Yang Hao , Cui Daxiang , Xin Wenwen , Gao Shan , Jin Han 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccurately assessing potential side effects following botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection remains a formidable challenge. To address this issue, an innovative approach is developed that combines a wearable temperature sensor with a sophisticated volatilomics technique, aimed at facilitating the rapid and convenient prediction of potential physical discomfort related to latrogenic botulism. The investigation identifies five volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—acetone, styrene, ethanol, 2‐pentanone, and n‐butano—as promising markers indicative of BoNT poisoning. Specifically, a handheld breath analyzer, featuring a yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ)‐based gas sensor array, alongside a wearable temperature sensor integrated with a bio‐compatible methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) sensing film, are developed to simultaneously monitor breath signal variations and body temperature fluctuations. Preliminary animal testing validates the effectiveness of the integrated approach, achieving an accuracy exceeding 91.2% in early detection of physical discomfort associated with BoNT poisoning. These promising findings represent a significant advancement towards the early identification of BoNT‐related issues, enabling timely intervention and improved management strategies.
Ionic Thermoelectric‐Powered Resistive Sensors
Authors: Liao Mingna , Ma Hongting , Zhu Nan , Jonsson Magnus P. , Zhao Dan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIonic thermoelectric supercapacitors (ITESCs) are noted for their high ionic Seebeck coefficient (α) to convert thermal energy into electrical current through charging. This work demonstrates the utilization of the charging and discharging current from ITESCs to directly operate resistive sensors. The humidity monitoring is powered by applying a periodic temperature gradient to a connected ITESC. By leveraging these properties and residual environmental heat, ITESCs can offer a promising method for autonomously powered portable sensors.
General descriptors for glycerol oxidation to glyceric acid over PtM3‐derived bimetallic catalysts in base‐free medium
Authors: Yan Hao , Lu Jiarong , Li Yaqian , Feng Xiang , Zhou Xin , Zhao Hui , Yang Chaohe 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExploring efficient Pt‐based catalysts for the selective oxidation of polyol is still a challenge due to the lack of a mechanism‐driven approach. Here, low‐Pt content PdM3 were systematically investigated for glycerol oxidation to glyceric acid (GLYA) by density functional theory (DFT) linear synchronous transit and quadratic synchronous transit (LST/QST) assisted descriptor‐based micro‐kinetic modeling. Results revealed that the PdM3 surface induces the dissociation of O2 and H2O to form a polarized PdM3‐OH* surface, participating in the subsequent adsorption and activation of glycerol and oxygen‐containing intermediates. Moreover, the binding energy of O and H on the PdM3 could be labeled as descriptors describing catalytic selectivity and activity. On this basis, a strong electron reconstruction effect described by EO (−4.5 to −3.0 eV) and appropriate dehydrogenation ability described by EH (−3.5 to −2.5 eV) contribute to the improvement of catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of glycerol to GLYA. This study may give insights into the rational design of high‐efficient Pt‐based catalysts for polyol oxidation.
COL4A2‐Related Disorder Presenting in Adulthood With Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Olarewaju Bukola A. , Tejon Judy , Shurrab Shaymaa , Chen Alicia , Shamoun Fadi , Smith Benn E. , Osundiji Mayowa A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe alpha 1 and 2 chains of type IV collagen, encoded by the COL4A1 (MIM 120130) and COL4A2 (MIM 120090) respectively, play essential roles in the vascular basement membranes. Pathogenic variants in COL4A1/ COL4A2 are associated with autosomal dominant cerebral angiopathies. The clinical manifestations of COL4A1/COL4A2‐related disorders include: aneurysms, intracerebral hemorrhage, polymicrogyria, porencephaly, heterotopia, periventricular leukomalacia, epilepsy, and neurodevelopmental disorders. COL4A1 pathogenic variants that are in exons 24 and 25 have been associated with hereditary angiopathy, nephropathy, aneurysms, and cramps. The multisystemic phenotypes of COL4A1/COL4A2‐related disorders are increasingly being studied. Animal models have suggested that COL4A2‐related disorders may also manifest with a variable combination of multisystemic abnormalities affecting the eyes, muscles, and kidneys. Okano and colleagues recently reported a case of recurrent episodes of rhabdomyolysis in a 2‐year‐old with COL4A1‐related disorder raising fundamental questions on mechanisms of COL4A1/COL4A2 variants in muscle homeostasis. To date, rhabdomyolysis has not been associated with COL4A2‐related disorder in humans. Rhabdomyolysis is a medical emergency, where there is elevated creatine kinase (CK) level in the blood and increased excretion of myoglobin in urine, due to skeletal muscle damage and release of intracytoplasmic proteins into systemic circulation. Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition. It require intensive care management due to an increased risk of some life‐threatening complications [including disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal failure, and severe hyperkalemia]. Herein, we report a case of rhabdomyolysis in an adult with COL4A2‐related structural brain malformations (including polymicrogyria and heterotopia).
Meta‐Analysis of Transcriptomic Studies of Blood and Six Brain Regions Identifies a Consensus of 15 Cross‐Tissue Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease and Suggests an Origin of Cross‐Study Heterogeneity
Authors: Hou Jiahui , Hess Jonathan L. , Zhang Chunling , van Rooij Jeroen G. J. , Hearn Gentry C. , Fan Chun Chieh , Faraone Stephen V. , Fennema‐Notestine Christine , Lin Shu‐Ju , Escott‐Price Valentina , Seshadri Sudha ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Holmans Peter , Tsuang Ming T. , Kremen William S. , Gaiteri Chris , Glatt Stephen J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe comprehensive genome‐wide nature of transcriptome studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) should provide a reliable description of disease molecular states. However, the genes and molecular systems nominated by transcriptomic studies do not always overlap. Even when results do align, it is not clear if those observations represent true consensus across many studies. A couple of sources of variation have been proposed to explain this variability, including tissue‐of‐origin and cohort type, but its basis remains uncertain. To address this variability and extract reliable results, we utilized all publicly available blood or brain transcriptomic datasets of AD, comprised of 24 brain studies with 4007 samples from six different brain regions, and eight blood studies with 1566 samples. We identified a consensus of AD‐associated genes across brain regions and AD‐associated gene‐sets across blood and brain, generalizable machine learning and linear scoring classifiers, and significant contributors to biological diversity in AD datasets. While AD‐associated genes did not significantly overlap between blood and brain, our findings highlighted 15 dysregulated processes shared across blood and brain in AD. The top five most significantly dysregulated processes were DNA replication, metabolism of proteins, protein localization, cell cycle, and programmed cell death. Conversely, addressing the discord across studies, we found that large‐scale gene co‐regulation patterns can account for a significant fraction of variability in AD datasets. Overall, this study ranked and characterized a compilation of genes and molecular systems consistently identified across a large assembly of AD transcriptome studies in blood and brain, providing potential candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Entdeckung von Fragmenten durch Röntgenkristallografisches Screening, die auf die CTP‐Bindungsstelle von Pseudomonas Aeruginosa IspD Abzielen
Authors: Willocx Daan , D'Auria Lucia , Walsh Danica , Scherer Hugo , Alhayek Alaa , Hamed Mostafa M. , Borel Franck , Diamanti Eleonora , Hirsch Anna K. H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDa die antimikrobielle Resistenz (AMR) ein alarmierendes Ausmaß erreicht hat, werden dringend neue Antiinfektiva mit bisher unbekannten Wirkmechanismen benötigt. Der 2‐C‐Methylerythritol‐D‐erythritol‐4‐phosphat (MEP)‐Weg stellt eine attraktive Quelle für Targets dar, da er in zahlreichen pathogenen gramnegativen Bakterien und Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) eine wesentliche Rolle spielt, während er in menschlichen Zellen nicht vorhanden ist. Hier haben wir die erste Kristallstruktur von Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) IspD, dem dritten Enzym im MEP‐Weg, gelöst und berichten über die Entdeckung einer auf Fragmenten basierenden Verbindungsklasse, die durch kristallographisches Screening von PaIspD identifiziert wurde. Das Ausgangsfragment besetzt die CTP‐Bindungsstelle im aktiven Zentrum. Die Bestätigung der Fragment‐Protein‐Wechselwirkungen erfolgte durch 1H‐Sättigungs‐Transfer‐Differenz‐Kernspinresonanz (1H‐STD NMR) Spektroskopie. Aufbauend auf diesen Ergebnissen und den Erkenntnissen aus den Co‐Kristallstrukturen identifizierten wir zwei Wachstumsvektoren für das Fragmentwachstum. Wir haben Derivate synthetisiert, die beide Wachstumsvektoren explorieren und eine verbesserte Affinität zu PaIspD aufweisen. Unsere neue Fragmentklasse zielt auf PaIspD ab, weist eine vielversprechende Affinität auf und bietet günstige Wachstumsvektoren für die weitere Optimierung.
Electrodriven ATP Synthesis via a Reconstructed Thylakoid Membrane
Authors: Chang Lijing , Cui Huijuan , Liu Weisong , Job Zhang Yi‐Heng P. , Zhang Lingling 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNature produces ATP, the energy currency, by converting solar energy (photophosphorylation) and chemical energy (substrate‐level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation). Green electricity, as a significant and sustainable energy carrier, plays a crucial role in achieving a carbon‐neutral society. In this work, we established and verified a novel electrodriven phosphorylation method. Spinach thylakoid membranes (TMs), enriched with ATPases, were isolated and constructed into planar TMs (pTMs) on a proton exchange membrane (PEM), effectively imparting the traditional PEM with the biological function of ATP regeneration. Following the optimization of TMs concentration and incubation time, the biological PEM was integrated into a two‐compartment electrochemical cell, where ATP was successfully synthesized by ATPase of pTMs, triggered by the proton gradient potential generated during electrochemical water splitting. When a constant voltage of 3 V was applied to the electrochemical cells, ATP was synthesized at a rate of 3.16 μM min−1μgChl−1, approximately twice the rate of ΔpH‐driven ATP synthesis. This design offers substantial potential for green energy applications in in vitro biotransformation (ivBT) systems.
Enhanced Antitumor Immunity of a Globo H‐Based Vaccine Enabled by the Combination Adjuvants of 3D‐MPL and QS‐21
Authors: Ma Wenjing , Xu Zhuojia , Teng Changcai , Cao Chang , Wu Ruixue , Meng Xiao , Sui Qiang , Gao Qi , Zong Chengli , Li Tiehai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlobo H, a specific carbohydrate antigen overexpressed on various human malignancies, has attracted considerable interest as an antigenic target for anticancer vaccine development. Despite several Globo H‐based carbohydrate vaccines that have been designed, efficient access to Globo H hexasaccharide antigen and development of powerful adjuvants for enhancing antitumor immunity remain challenging. Herein, we reported a streamlined chemoenzymatic approach to prepare this hexasaccharide antigen, relying on chemical synthesis of Gb5 pentasaccharide by a stereoconvergent [2+3] strategy and subsequent enzymatic α‐fucosylation to easily install α1,2‐fucose residue. Separately, a modular assembly approach to efficiently synthesize 3‐O‐deacyl‐monophosphoryl lipid A (3D‐MPL) was developed by the integration of stereocontrolled glycosylation, regioselective acylation, site‐specific phosphorylation, and facile global deprotection. After efficient construction of Globo H‐CRM197 conjugate, we conducted systematic immunological evaluations of Globo H‐CRM197 formulated with various adjuvants and adjuvant combinations, comprising saponin QS‐21, synthetic 3D‐MPL and α‐galactosylceramide derivative S34. The results revealed that Globo H‐CRM197 conjugate adjuvanted with QS‐21 and 3D‐MPL elicited robust IgG2a and IgG3 antibody responses and Th1 cellular immunity in mice. Moreover, antibodies induced by this formulation effectively bound to Globo H‐positive MCF‐7 cancer cells and exhibited superior complement‐dependent cytotoxicity and antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis, holding promise for further development of effective anticancer vaccines.