bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA, TMT E BOOK-TAX DIFFERENCES (BTD) ANORMAIS EM EMPRESAS DE CAPITAL ABERTO LISTADAS NO BRASIL
Authors: Sant'anna Victor Souza , Brunozi Júnior Antônio Carlos 
Published: January 2020

A contribuição deste estudo foi de demonstrar que as práticas de governança corporativa são atenuantes das BTD Anormais, e as características heterogêneas do TMT têm relações significativas com esses tipos de BTD em empresas brasileiras. Para tanto, considerou-se as pressuposições de práticas de assimetria informacional e vertentes comportamentais, psicológicas e sociais dos membros da administração. Essas associações são justificativas pelas idiossincrasias do alto escalão das firmas no país, bem como as reformas tributárias, mudanças contábeis, ambiente burocrático nos negócios, estrutura Code Law, e as magnitudes das BTD Anormais. As BTD Anormais são consideradas como limitadoras para a qualidade dos lucros e a transparência, mas a governança corporativa e as heterogeneidades do TMT podem ser mecanismos para incentivar o controle e o monitoramento nas operações das empresas. Com base nisso, objetivou-se avaliar as relações entre as BTD Anormais, as práticas de governança corporativa, auditoria e tamanho do conselho de administração, e as características do TMT, sexo, idade, dualidade do CEO e a formação acadêmica, em empresas de capital aberto. Em aspectos metodológicos, foi utilizada uma amostra de 364 empresas listadas na B3, no período de 2010 a 2017. Para os dados, houve a aplicação da técnica de dados em painel, onde as variáveis de governança, TMT e de controle foram regredidas em função das BTD Anormais. Nos resultados, indicou-se que os custos de agência decorrentes da auditoria de Big4 são efetivos para as BTD Anormais, inibindo-as como consequências da manipulação dos resultados. Ademais, evidenciou-se que características pessoais, como sexo e a formação profissional, têm relações com as BTD Anormais. Percebeu-se que há um ciclo entre as BTD que são decorrentes das preferências do alto escalão (TMT) com a governança corporativa, que é consequência futura desses atos de assimetria informacional e práticas tributárias mais agressivas nas firmas.
Bentuk ~You To Suru Dalam Kalimat Bahasa Jepang
Authors: Rini Elizabeth Ika Hesti Aprilia Nindia 
Published: January 2020

-You to suru form has two functions, i.e. as a marker of interpersonal modality and a marker of incoative aspects. This study aims to describe the structure and meaning of -you to suru form in order to use it in the right situation. The method used in this study is agih method, and bagi unsur langsung techniques. As a result of the research, it was found that -you to suru form as a marker of intention modality stated effort in doing something; and as a marker of the incoative aspect stated the start of an activity. As a marker of intention modality, the form of -you to suru is attached to volitional verbs; while as a marker of the incoative aspect, -you to suru form is attached to both volitional and non volitional verbs.
Topographic Mapping as a Basic Principle of Functional Organization for Visual and Prefrontal Functional Connectivity
Authors: O’Rawe Jonathan F. , Leung Hoi-Chung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe organization of region-to-region functional connectivity has major implications for understanding information transfer and transformation between brain regions. We extended connective field mapping methodology to 3-D anatomic space to derive estimates of corticocortical functional organization. Using multiple publicly available human (both male and female) resting-state fMRI data samples for model testing and replication analysis, we have three main findings. First, we found that the functional connectivity between early visual regions maintained a topographic relationship along the anterior-posterior dimension, which corroborates previous research. Higher order visual regions showed a pattern of connectivity that supports convergence and biased sampling, which has implications for their receptive field properties. Second, we demonstrated that topographic organization is a fundamental aspect of functional connectivity across the entire cortex, with higher topographic connectivity between regions within a functional network than across networks. The principle gradient of topographic connectivity across the cortex resembled whole-brain gradients found in previous work. Last but not least, we showed that the organization of higher order regions such as the lateral prefrontal cortex demonstrate functional gradients of topographic connectivity and convergence. These organizational features of the lateral prefrontal cortex predict task-based activation patterns, particularly visual specialization and higher order rules. In sum, these findings suggest that topographic input is a fundamental motif of functional connectivity between cortical regions for information processing and transfer, with maintenance of topography potentially important for preserving the integrity of information from one region to another.
Longitudinal Development of Brain Iron Is Linked to Cognition in Youth
Authors: Larsen Bart , Bourque Josiane , Moore Tyler M. , Adebimpe Azeez , Calkins Monica E. , Elliott Mark A. , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E. , Moberg Paul J. , Roalf David R. , Ruparel Kosha , Turetsky Bruce I. , Vandekar Simon N. , Wolf Daniel H. , Shinohara Russell T. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. 
Published: January 2020

Brain iron is vital to multiple aspects of brain function, including oxidative metabolism, myelination, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Atypical iron concentration in the basal ganglia is associated with neurodegenerative disorders in aging and cognitive deficits. However, the normative development of brain iron concentration in adolescence and its relationship to cognition are less well understood. Here, we address this gap in a longitudinal sample of 922 humans aged 8–26 years at the first visit (M = 15.1, SD = 3.72; 336 males, 486 females) with up to four multiecho T2* scans each. Using this sample of 1236 imaging sessions, we assessed the longitudinal developmental trajectories of tissue iron in the basal ganglia. We quantified tissue iron concentration using R2* relaxometry within four basal ganglia regions, including the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus. The longitudinal development of R2* was modeled using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) with splines to capture linear and nonlinear developmental processes. We observed significant increases in R2* across all regions, with the greatest and most prolonged increases occurring in the globus pallidus and putamen. Further, we found that the developmental trajectory of R2* in the putamen is significantly related to individual differences in cognitive ability, such that greater cognitive ability is increasingly associated with greater iron concentration through late adolescence and young-adulthood. Together, our results suggest a prolonged period of basal ganglia iron enrichment that extends into the mid-twenties, with diminished iron concentration associated with poorer cognitive ability during late adolescence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain tissue iron is essential to healthy brain function. Atypical basal ganglia tissue iron levels have been linked to impaired cognition in iron deficient children and adults with neurodegenerative disorders. However, the normative developmental trajectory of basal ganglia iron concentration during adolescence and its association with cognition are less well understood. In the largest study of tissue iron development yet reported, we characterize the developmental trajectory of tissue iron concentration across the basal ganglia during adolescence and provide evidence that diminished iron content is associated with poorer cognitive performance even in healthy youth. These results highlight the transition from adolescence to adulthood as a period of dynamic maturation of tissue iron concentration in the basal ganglia.
Mitochondrial transfer from MSCs to T cells induces Treg differentiation and restricts inflammatory response
Authors: Court Angela C , Le‐Gatt Alice , Luz‐Crawford Patricia , Parra Eliseo , Aliaga‐Tobar Victor , Bátiz Luis Federico , Contreras Rafael A , Ortúzar María Ignacia , Kurte Mónica , Elizondo‐Vega Roberto , Maracaja‐Coutinho Vinicius , Pino‐Lagos Karina , Figueroa Fernando E , Khoury Maroun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have fueled ample translation for the treatment of immune‐mediated diseases. They exert immunoregulatory and tissue‐restoring effects. MSC‐mediated transfer of mitochondria (MitoT) has been demonstrated to rescue target organs from tissue damage, yet the mechanism remains to be fully resolved. Therefore, we explored the effect of MitoT on lymphoid cells. Here, we describe dose‐dependent MitoT from mitochondria‐labeled MSCs mainly to CD4+ T cells, rather than CD8+ T cells or CD19+ B cells. Artificial transfer of isolated MSC‐derived mitochondria increases the expression of mRNA transcripts involved in T‐cell activation and T regulatory cell differentiation including FOXP3, IL2RA, CTLA4, and TGFβ1, leading to an increase in a highly suppressive CD25+FoxP3+ population. In a GVHD mouse model, transplantation of MitoT‐induced human T cells leads to significant improvement in survival and reduction in tissue damage and organ T CD4+, CD8+, and IFN‐γ+ expressing cell infiltration. These findings point to a unique CD4+ T‐cell reprogramming mechanism with pre‐clinical proof‐of‐concept data that pave the way for the exploration of organelle‐based therapies in immune diseases.
Durvalumab-induced diabetic ketoacidosis followed by hypothyroidism
Authors: Patel Shivani , Chin Venessa , Greenfield Jerry R 
Published: January 2020

Summary
Durvalumab is a programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitor, which is now approved in Australia for use in non-small-cell lung and urothelial cancers. Autoimmune diabetes is a rare immune-related adverse effect associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. It is now being increasingly described reflecting the wider use of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We report the case of a 49-year-old female who presented with polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss, 3 months following the commencement of durvalumab. On admission, she was in severe diabetic ketoacidosis with venous glucose: 20.1 mmol/L, pH: 7.14, bicarbonate 11.2 mmol/L and serum beta hydroxybutyrate: >8.0 mmol/L. She had no personal or family history of diabetes or autoimmune disease. Her HbA1c was 7.8% and her glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies were mildly elevated at 2.2 mU/L (reference range: <2 mU/L) with negative zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) and islet cell (ICA) antibodies. Her fasting C-peptide was low at 86 pmol/L (reference range: 200–1200) with a corresponding serum glucose of 21.9 mmol/L. She was promptly stabilised with an insulin infusion in intensive care and discharged on basal bolus insulin. Durvalumab was recommenced once her glycaemic control had stabilised. Thyroid function tests at the time of admission were within normal limits with negative thyroid autoantibodies. Four weeks post discharge, repeat thyroid function tests revealed hypothyroidism, with an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) at 6.39 mIU/L (reference range: 0.40–4.80) and low free T4: 5.9 pmol/L (reference range: 8.0–16.0). These findings persisted with repeat testing despite an absence of clinical symptoms. Treatment with levothyroxine was commenced after excluding adrenal insufficiency (early morning cortisol: 339 nmol/L) and hypophysitis (normal pituitary on MRI).

Learning points:

Durvalumab use is rarely associated with fulminant autoimmune diabetes, presenting with severe DKA.

Multiple endocrinopathies can co-exist with the use of a single immune checkpoint inhibitors; thus, patients should be regularly monitored.

Regular blood glucose levels should be performed on routine pathology on all patients on immune checkpoint inhibitor.

Clinician awareness of immunotherapy-related diabetes needs to increase in an attempt to detect hyperglycaemia early and prevent DKA.
Significant cardiac disease complicating Graves’ disease in previously healthy young adults
Authors: Witczak J K , Ubaysekara N , Ravindran R , Rice S , Yousef Z , Premawardhana L D 
Published: January 2020

Summary
Graves’ disease is associated with tachydysrythmia, cardiac ischaemia and cardiomyopathy – all uncommon in young adults without previous cardiac disease. We present three young individuals who developed cardiac complications after periods of uncontrolled Graves’ disease. Subject 1: A 34-year-old female had severe thyrotoxic symptoms for weeks. Investigations showed fT4: 98.4 (11–25 pmol/L), fT3: 46.9 (3.1–6.8 pmol/L), TSH <0.01 (0.27–4.2 mU/L) and thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb): 34.8 (<0.9 U//l). She had appropriate treatment but several weeks later she became breathless despite improving thyroid function. Echocardiography showed a pericardial effusion of 2.9 cm. She responded well to steroids and NSAIDs but developed active severe Graves’ orbitopathy after early total thyroidectomy. Subject 2: A 28-year-old male developed thyrotoxic symptoms (fT4: 38 pmol/L, fT3: 13.9 pmol/L, TSH <0.01 (for over 6 months) and TRAb: 9.3 U/L). One month after starting carbimazole, he developed acute heart failure (HF) due to severe dilated cardiomyopathy – EF 10–15%. He partially recovered after treatment – EF 28% and had early radioiodine treatment. Subject 3: A 42-year-old woman who had been thyrotoxic for several months (fT4: 54.3; fT3 >46.1; TSH <0.01; TRAb: 4.5) developed atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure. Echocardiography showed cardiomegaly – EF 29%. She maintains sinus rhythm following early total thyroidectomy (EF 50%). Significant cardiac complications may occur in previously fit young adults, who have had uncontrolled Graves’ disease for weeks to months. Cardiac function recovers in the majority, but early definitive treatment should be discussed to avoid Graves’ disease relapse and further cardiac decompensation.

Learning points:

Cardiac complications of Graves’ disease are uncommon in young adults without previous cardiac disease.

These complications may however occur if Graves’ disease had been poorly controlled for several weeks or months prior to presentation.

Persistent symptoms after adequate control should alert clinicians to the possibility of cardiac disease.

Specific treatment of Graves’ disease and appropriate cardiac intervention results in complete recovery in the majority and carries a good prognosis.

Early definitive treatment should be offered to them to prevent cardiac decompensation at times of further relapse.
Adrenocortical carcinoma masquerading as pheochromocytoma: a histopathologic dilemma
Authors: Shetty Impana , Fuller Sarah , Raygada Margarita , Merino Maria J , Thomas B J , Widemann Brigitte C , Reilly Karlyne M , Pacak Karel , Del Rivero Jaydira 
Published: January 2020

Summary
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer that originates in the cortex of the adrenal gland and generally has a poor prognosis. ACC is rare but can be more commonly seen in those with cancer predisposition syndromes (e.g. Li-Fraumeni and Lynch Syndrome). The diagnosis of ACC is sometimes uncertain and it requires the use of precise molecular pathology; the differential diagnosis includes pheochromocytoma, adrenal adenoma, renal carcinoma, or hepatocellular carcinoma. We describe a case of a 57-year-old woman with Lynch Syndrome and metastatic ACC who was initially diagnosed as having pheochromocytoma. The tumor was first identified at 51 years of age by ultrasound followed by a CT scan. She underwent a left adrenalectomy, and the histopathology identified pheochromocytoma. Two years later, she had tumor recurrence with imaging studies showing multiple lung nodules. Following a wedge resection by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), histopathology was read as metastatic pheochromocytoma at one institution and metastatic ACC at another institution. She later presented to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) where the diagnosis of ACC was confirmed. Following her ACC diagnosis, she was treated with mitotane and pembrolizumab which were stopped due to side effects and progression of disease. She is currently receiving etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (EDP). This case highlights the importance of using a multi-disciplinary approach in patient care. Thorough evaluation of the tumor’s pathology and analysis of the patient’s genetic profile are necessary to obtain the correct diagnosis for the patient and can significantly influence the course of treatment.

Learning points:

Making the diagnosis of ACC can be difficult as the differential diagnosis includes pheochromocytoma, adrenal adenoma, renal carcinoma, or hepatocellular carcinoma.

Patients with Lynch Syndrome should undergo surveillance for ACC as there is evidence of an association between Lynch Syndrome and ACC.

Conducting a complete tumor immunoprofile and obtaining a second opinion is very important in cases of suspected ACC in order to confirm the proper diagnosis.

A multi-disciplinary approach including genetic testing and a thorough evaluation of the tumor’s pathology is imperative to ensuring that the patient receives an accurate diagnosis and the appropriate treatment.
Continuous decline in bone mineral density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture 7 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Hansen Stinus , Jørgensen Niklas Rye , Hermann Anne Pernille , Støving Rene Klinkby 
Published: January 2020

Objective
Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. A possible overlooked side effect is negative bone metabolic consequences.

Design
A seven-year prospective study following ten women and seven men after RYGB (baseline mean age 43 ± 8 years, BMI 42 ± 6 kg/m2).

Methods
Lumbar spine and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, distal radius and tibia bone geometry, volumetric BMD, microarchitecture and finite element estimated bone strength using high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT and biochemical markers of bone remodelling were assessed at baseline, 2 and 7 years.

Results
Compared to baseline, body weight was 24 ± 10% lower after 2 years and 21 ± 11% after 7 years. During the 7 years of follow-up, radius and tibia vBMD had declined 13 ± 8% and 8 ± 7% from baseline to 2 years and further 10 ± 7% and 7 ± 8% from 2 to 7 years (all P < 0.001). At both radius and tibia, cortical thickness declined and cortical porosity increased. From baseline to 7 years, there were clear indications of deteriorations of the trabecular network with fewer, more widely spaced and more in-homogeneously distributed trabeculae in both radius and tibia. Overall, declines in estimated bone strength of 16 ± 9% in radius and 16 ± 7% in tibia were observed (both P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Seven years after RYGB, evidence of continuous declines in BMD and ongoing deterioration of bone microarchitecture and reduced estimated bone strength compared to baseline and 2 years post-surgery results were found. These findings emphasize the need for regular assessment of bone health in patients with prior RYGB.
Lithuanian Mythological Creatures Laumės and their Equivalents in Russian and English
Authors: Gimževskienė Karolina 
Published: January 2020

This article aims to find cultural equivalents for the Lithuanian mythological creature laumė in the English and Russian languages. Therefore, a comparative analysis of similar mythological creatures in Lithuanian, Russian and English languages and cultures was carried out. The results of the analysis have shown which names of these creatures might be considered cultural equivalents. Such information is useful not only when choosing a domestication strategy, but for a foreignization strategy as well because these equivalents can be used both in the translation text itself and in additional extratextual comments. The conclusions given at the end of this article may be of practical importance for translators or authors writing about Lithuanian mythology and folklore for English or Russian speaking readers.
Fact and Fiction: The Contribution of Archives to the Study of Literary Translation
Authors: Wardle Mary 
Published: January 2020

This paper examines the role of traditional physical archives within Translation Studies research, investigating the contribution that such resources can add, providing information that otherwise would not be available in existing scholarly volumes, academic journals and digital material. The question is illustrated with the specific case of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925) and its first two translations into Italian, carried out respectively in 1936 by Cesare Giardini and 1950 by Fernanda Pivano. Both translations were published by Mondadori, Italy’s largest publishing company, as part of two different series, I romanzi della palma and the later Medusa collection.Adopting a microhistory approach, the study of these translations, through the resource-rich archives of the Fondazione Arnoldo e Alberto Mondadori in Milan, can shed light on a number of issues that the text alone cannot provide: documentation, including the other books published in the same series, highlights the target audience that Mondadori were seeking to address; the paratextual elements of the books themselves are revealing of the prominence (or otherwise) of American literature in general and Fitzgerald in particular within the Italian literary polysystem at the time of their publication; in the case of the first translation, readers’ reports on the novel indicate how the censors of the Fascist regime might receive the somewhat racy themes contained in the book, while, in the case of the 1950 translation, correspondence between the publisher, literary agents and the translator herself highlight the many issues surrounding the ultimate publication of the volume.
Synchrotron-based Radiography of Conical- vs. Butt-joint Implant Abutment Connections
Authors: Angermair Johannes , Wiest Wolfram , Rack Alexander , Zabler Simon , Fretwurst Tobias , Nelson Katja 
Published: January 2020

As a possible reason for mechanical and microbiological complications, the stability of conical implant-abutment and butt-joint connections is crucial for the long-term prognosis of dental implants.Therefore, the present study quantitatively assessed microgap formation and abutment displacement in different implant-abutment designs. Three implant systems with conical implant-abutment connections Medentika, Medentis, NobelActive and one system with a butt-joint connection Semados implants were tested. For different static loadings and angles (30 N - 90º, 100 N - 90º, 200 N - 30º) abutment displacement and microgap formation were calculated using synchrotron-based microtomography and phase-contrast radioscopy. The method using numerical forward simulation of the optical Fresnel propagation allowed for an accuracy down to 0.1 µm. Microgaps were present in all implant systems prior to loading (0.15 - 9µm). Values increased with mounting force and angle up to 40.5 µm at an off axis loading of 100 N in a 90 degree angle. In contrast to butt-joint connections conical connections demonstrated a tilting abutment displacement with a deformation of the outer implant wall visible in Medentika implants. The connection design seems to be crucial for the force distribution on the implant wall. Varying force distribution could lead to peri-implant bone loss under favorable conditions such as peri-implant inflammation.