bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes after antibiotic megaspacer implantation in patients with severe chronic periprosthetic infections
Authors: Amin Sheena J. , Patel Raj M. , Gutowski Christina J. , Kim Tae Won B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare postoperative complication that is treated with antibiotic spacers. Some patients develop severe, treatment‐resistant, chronic PJI despite multiple attempts at salvaging the joint. Permanent resection of the joint or amputation may be the only definitive treatment. The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes, infection resolution rate, and complications of two‐stage revision, utilizing extensive resection of the affected bone and application of antibiotic megaspacers as a modality for limb‐salvage. A review of 12 patients, initially referred for amputation due to chronically failed PJI, was conducted. All patients underwent extensive resection of the bone and surgical implantation of a custom‐made antibiotic megaspacer between December 2016 and June 2019. Thirteen megaspacers were placed in 13 infected joints in 12 patients with a history of chronic PJI. Six patients (50%) had a diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Eradication of the infection leading to limb‐salvage was successful in nine patients. Visual Analog Scale pain scores improved by 3.5, or 50%, after two‐stage revision with megaprosthesis reimplantation (p = .008), and six patients (54.5%) had improvement in ambulation. Complication rates, not including reinfection or recurrence, following megaspacer and megaprosthesis reimplantation were 58.3% and 27.3%, respectively. One patient underwent amputation due to a life‐threatening infection while two other patients underwent amputation due to debilitating complications following limb‐salvage surgery. Statement of Clinical Significance: In patients whose PJI becomes treatment‐resistant after multiple failed attempts at traditional two‐stage exchange, performing extensive boney resection with placement of an antibiotic‐laden megaspacer can be an effective method of achieving limb‐salvage.
Initial displacement of the intra‐articular surface after articular fracture correlates with PTA in C57BL/6 mice but not “superhealer” MRL/MpJ mice
Authors: Vovos Tyler J. , Furman Bridgette D. , Huebner Janet L. , Kimmerling Kelly A. , Utturkar Gangadhar M. , Green Cynthia L. , Kraus Virginia B. , Guilak Farshid , Olson Steven A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPosttraumatic arthritis (PTA) occurs commonly after articular fracture and may arise, in part, from joint surface incongruity after injury. MRL/MpJ (MRL) “super‐healer” mice are protected from PTA compared to C57BL/6 (B6) mice following articular fracture. However, the relationship between the initial displacement of the articular surface, biologic response, and susceptibility to PTA after fracture remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess whether joint incongruity after articular fracture, as measured by in vivo micro‐computed tomography (microCT), could predict pathomechanisms of PTA in mice. B6 and MRL mice (n = 12/strain) received a closed articular fracture (fx) of the left tibial plateau. Articular incongruity was quantified as bone surface deviations (BSD) for each in vivo microCT scan obtained from pre‐fx to 8 weeks post‐fx, followed by histologic assessment of arthritis. Serum concentrations of bone formation (PINP) and bone resorption (CTX‐I) biomarkers were quantified longitudinally. Both strains showed increases in surface incongruity over time, as measured by increases in BSD. In B6 mice, acute surface incongruity was significantly correlated to the severity of PTA (R
2 = 0.988; p = .0006), but not in MRL mice (R
2 = 0.224; p = .220). PINP concentrations significantly decreased immediately post‐fx in B6 mice (p = .023) but not in MRL mice, indicating higher bone synthesis in MRL mice. MRL/MpJ mice demonstrate a unique biologic response to articular fracture such that the observed articular bone surface displacement does not correlate with the severity of subsequent PTA. Clinical Relevance: Identifying therapies to enhance acute biologic repair following articular fracture may mitigate the risk of articular surface displacement for PTA.
Correlation of PRL3 expression with colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Leiphrakpam Premila D. , Lazenby Audrey J. , Smith Lynette M. , Brattain Michael G. , Black Jennifer D. , Wang Jing , Are Chandrakanth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL3) expression and clinical outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC).BackgroundPRL3, a protein tyrosine phosphatase functions as one of the key regulatory enzymes of various signal transduction pathways. PRL3 is highly expressed in a majority of cancers and is a novel potential therapeutic target.MethodsPRL3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 167 patients with CRC, 37 patients with no disease, and 26 patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC). Phosphorylated Akt at serine 473 (p‐Akt S473) expression was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry in mCRC patients.ResultsHigh expression of PRL3 was correlated with CRC progression, and every one unit increase in PRL3 level contributed to an increase in the rate of death by 1%–1.7%. PRL3 expression was significantly higher in liver metastases compared with primary tumors and showed a significant positive correlation with the expression level of p‐Akt S473.ConclusionPRL3 expression levels associated with CRC progression and metastasis, and positively correlated with activated Akt level in mCRC. Together, these findings indicated that PRL3 might be a potential marker for increased risk of CRC‐specific tumor burden and identify PRL3 as an attractive therapeutic target for mCRC treatment.
Low‐dose liquid cell electron microscopy investigation of the complex etching mechanism of rod‐shaped silica colloids
Authors: Sadighikia Sina , Grau‐Carbonell Albert , Welling Tom A.J. , Kotni Ramakrishna , Hagemans Fabian , Imhof Arnout , van Huis Marijn A. , van Blaaderen Alfons 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the chemical structure of rod‐shaped silica colloidal particles is attainable by investigating their etching mechanism in solution. Liquid Cell (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy (LC‐(S)TEM) is a promising technique through which the etching of these particles can be observed in real time, and at the single particle level, without possible deformations induced by the surface tension of dried particles. However, the presence of high energy electrons, and the different geometry in LC experiments may alter the conditions of in situ experiments compared to their ex situ counterparts. Here we present a controlled low‐dose LC‐STEM study of the basic etching process of micron‐sized silica rods that are immobilized on the SiN window of a liquid cell. The results show that using low‐dose imaging conditions, combined with a low accumulated electron dose, and optimized flow rates of solutions allow for investigation of the chemical etching mechanism of silica colloidal particles using the LC‐(S)TEM technique with negligible effects of the electron beam. A comparison of ex situ etching experiments with LC‐STEM observations show that the LC geometry can play a crucial role in LC‐STEM experiments where the diffusion of the etching particles is important, which should be considered during the interpretations of LC‐STEM results.
Sex Affects Regional Variations in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue T Cells but not Macrophages in Adults with Obesity
Authors: Murphy Jessica , Delaney Kerri Z. , Dam Vi , Tam Bjorn T. , Khor Natalie , Tsoukas Michael A. , Morais José A. , Santosa Sylvia 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe inflammatory environment in lower‐body subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) has been largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine the effects of region (upper body vs. lower body) and sex on SAT immune cell profiles in young adults with obesity.MethodsAbdominal (AB) and femoral (FEM) SAT was collected from 12 males (mean [SEM] age = 30.8 [1.4] years; mean [SEM] BMI = 34.1 [1.1] kg/m2) and 22 females (mean [SEM] age = 30.6 [0.6] years; mean [SEM] BMI = 34.0 [0.7] kg/m2) with obesity via needle aspiration. Flow cytometry was used to quantify macrophage (CD68+) and T‐cell (CD3+) subpopulations in the stromovascular fraction of each SAT region.ResultsFemales had a greater proportion of most T‐cell types (CD3+CD4+CD45RA+, CD3+CD4+CD45RA−, and CD3+CD8+CD45RA+) in FEM compared with AB SAT, while males had similar proportions in both regions. Regardless of sex, the M1‐like macrophage population (CD68+CD206−) was proportionally higher in AB SAT than in FEM SAT.ConclusionsResults showed that T‐cell populations vary by SAT region in females but not males. Both sexes, however, have proportionately more proinflammatory macrophages in upper‐body than in lower‐body SAT. It remains to be seen how these unique immune cell profiles in males and females with obesity contribute to adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic disease risk.
Sensing of fluoride anion based on desilylation and intramolecular charge transfer of 2‐[2‐(tert‐butyl‐diphenyl‐silanyloxy)‐phenyl]‐4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazole
Authors: Yang Guang , Wang Gang , Chen Kaifeng , Yang Dapeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn view of the tremendous potential for fluorescent chemosensors, more and more people pay attention to design and synthesize high‐efficiency sensors. Given the importance of fluorescence response mechanism, in the present work, the specific sensing mechanism of a novel fluoride anion chemosensor 2‐[2‐(tert‐butyl‐diphenyl‐silanyloxy)‐phenyl]‐4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazole (abbreviated as TBDI) has been investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) methods. Our theoretical electronic spectra (vertical excitation energies and fluorescence emission peaks) reproduced previous experimental results (Sensor Actuat B‐Chem. 2016, 232, 175), which confirms the rationality of our theoretical level adopted in this work. The constructed potential energy curve about fluoride‐triggered desilylation reaction suggests that the low barrier could be responsible for the rapid response to fluoride anion. Analyses about binding energies demonstrate that only fluoride anion could be detected for TBDI chemosensor in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. In view of the vertical excitation process, the strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process between the S0‐state and S1‐state transition explains the redshift of absorption peak for TBDI sensor with the addition of fluoride anion. This work not only presents a straightforward sensing mechanism of fluoride anion for TBDI sensor but also plays important roles in synthesizing and designing fluorescent chemosensors in future.
Longitudinal changes in physical activity levels and fear of falling after hip fracture
Authors: Tu Chang‐Yin , Shields Nora , Gill Stephen D. , Tacey Mark , Lindner Christopher , Hill Keith D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeDue to global ageing, more people will suffer from hip fracture in the future, and many will be left with permanent physical impairments. The care burden for people post hip fracture is high. The aim of this study is to measure longitudinal changes in physical activity levels and fear of falling in people after hip fracture who return home after inpatient rehabilitation.MethodsLongitudinal observational study. Participants were recruited from three rehabilitation centres in Victoria, Australia. Self‐reported fear of falling (Short Falls Efficacy Scale – International) and physical activity levels (Human Activity Profile – Adjusted Activity Score and Frenchay Activity Index) were assessed at 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months after discharge. Mobility (walking speed) and balance (Timed Up‐and‐Go test and Step Test) were measured at discharge from rehabilitation.ResultsThirty‐four participants (mean age: 82 years [SD 8]; 62% female) with unilateral hip fracture were recruited. Participants had moderately impaired balance and mobility at discharge compared to age‐matched normative data; they were all discharged with a walking aid and were 40% slower in their walking speed. Participants had increased fear of falling and reduced physical activity 2 weeks after discharge, which improved significantly (p < 0.01) over the following 6 months, but scores were still lower than the normative values. At 6 months, participants also had moderate to high levels of fear of falling and were less active than the general population of similar age.DiscussionAlthough fear of falling and physical activity improved in the 6 months following discharge, both remained negatively affected compared to normative data. Rehabilitation post hip fracture should include routine assessment of fear of falling as a potential barrier for return of physical activities.
Templates for writing PyMOL scripts
Authors: Mooers Blaine H. M. , Brown Marina E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPyMOL commands are used to exert exquisite control over the appearance of a molecular model. This control has made PyMOL popular for making images of protein structures for publications and presentations. However, many users have poor recall of the commands due to infrequent use of PyMOL. This poor recall hinders the writing of new code in scripts. One solution is to build the new script by using code fragments as templates for modular parts of the task at hand. The code fragments can be accessed from a library while writing the code from inside a text editor (e.g., Visual Studio Code, Vim, and Emacs). We developed a library of PyMOL code templates or snippets called pymolsnips to ease the writing of PyMOL code in scripts. We made pymolsnips available on GitHub in formats for 18 popular text editors. Most of the supported text editors are available for Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems. The GitHub site includes animations that complement the instructions for installing the library for each text editor. We expect that the library will help many PyMOL users to be more productive when writing PyMOL script files.
An extensible network slicing framework for satellite integration into 5G
Authors: Drif Youssouf , Chaput Emmanuel , Lavinal Emmanuel , Berthou Pascal , Tiomela Jou Boris , Grémillet Olivier , Arnal Fabrice 
Published: November 2020

SummaryWith the imminent deployment of the 5th generation (5G) mobile network in the nonstand‐alone version, some researches focus on network slicing to fully exploit the 5G infrastructure and achieve a highest level of flexibility in the network. This level of flexibility offered by the network slicing paradigm also fits the need of satellite networks in which satellite network operators (SNOs) want to offer 5G connectivity services additionally to the traditional satellite connectivity. However, the work that has been done so far for network slicing in 5G does not directly apply to satellite networks due to satellite architecture specificities and thus needs to be extended. We extend the work on network slicing and this paper proposes a novel Satellite Slicing Framework in order to fully exploit the satellite infrastructure and to facilitate the integration of satellite services into 5G. Our framework includes defining, modeling, orchestrating, and deploying multiple satellite network slices and their associated network services on top of mutualized satellite infrastructures.
Target‐Induced Core–Satellite Nanostructure Assembly Strategy for Dual‐Signal‐On Fluorescence Imaging and Raman Quantification of Intracellular MicroRNA Guided Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Li Na , Shen Fuzhi , Cai Zhiheng , Pan Wenzhen , Yin Yiming , Deng Xuan , Zhang Xing , Machuki Jeremiah Ong'achwa , Yu Yanyan , Yang Dongzhi , Yang Yun , Guan Ming , Gao Fenglei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntegrating biological detection and treatment into one system is a smart therapeutic maneuver for efficient cancer treatment. Herein, a target‐activated core–satellite nanostructure (CS nanostructure) assembly built on gold nanobipyramids motor (AuNBPs motor)/gold nanoparticle probe (AuNP probe) exhibiting simultaneous dual signal‐on imaging, quantification of intracellular microRNA‐21 (miR‐21), and photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer is designed. Of note, when the AuNBPs motor/AuNP probe enters into cells, miR‐21 triggers the reaction between AuNBPs motor and AuNP probe, resulting in the formation of CS nanostructure assembly. The process of assembling the CS nanostructure is accompanied with strong fluorescent signals from TAMRA and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals from adenine. The fluorescent signal is leveraged to image the intracellular miR‐21 level, whereas the SERS signal is utilized for absolute quantification of intracellular miR‐21, and the CS nanostructure acts as the photosensitizer for PTT. This strategy can successfully image and quantify miR‐21 in a single cell, and also distinguish normal cells from tumor cells. Moreover, under the guidance of fluorescence signal, the assembly kills tumor cells and inhibits tumor growth via PTT. In vitro and in vivo results prove that the proposed strategy possesses enormous potential for application in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Feeling the Squeeze: Adult Run Size and Habitat Availability Limit Juvenile River Herring Densities in Lakes
Authors: Devine Matthew T. , Rosset Julianne , Roy Allison H. , Gahagan Benjamin I. , Armstrong Michael P. , Whiteley Andrew R. , Jordaan Adrian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMaximum densities of juvenile river herring (Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis) vary among freshwater lakes, likely due to densities of adult spawners. Differences in habitat availability and lake water quality may also contribute to variation in juvenile river herring productivity between populations, yet these relationships have not been tested across a large geographic scope. In this study we investigated relationships between juvenile river herring densities and (1) spawning adult river herring densities, (2) lake habitat availability, and (3) lake water quality in 29 freshwater lakes in the northeastern USA. Purse seines were used at night to sample juvenile river herring monthly in June–August 2014 and 2015, with concurrent collection of lake‐specific physical (e.g., lake surface area, mean depth, depth to thermocline), chemical (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon [DOC]), and biological (chlorophyll a, adult spawning density) data. Spawning adult density (number of adults per surface area of lake) explained 66.6% of the variation in juvenile densities using a generalized additive model. Juvenile densities increased with increasing adult density, peaking at roughly 1,000 adults/ha, and then declined at higher adult densities, suggesting a limit to carrying capacity in juvenile production. Linear mixed‐effects models revealed that differences in water quality and habitat across lakes explained additional variation in juvenile densities. Specifically, DOC was negatively related to juvenile densities, suggesting that DOC limits the amount of suitable, well‐oxygenated epilimnion habitat available to juvenile river herring in late summer. Our results can be used to help understand expected juvenile production based on adult density within a lake, to inform expectations about juvenile growth and survival, and to understand the mechanisms for how changes in habitat availability and water quality affect river herring populations.
Catalytic Deoxygenation of Xylitol to Renewable Chemicals: Advances on Catalyst Design and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Xia Qi , Jin Xin , Zhang Guangyu , Liu Mengyuan , Wang Jinyao , Li Yushan , Fang Tianqi , Ding Jie , Zhang Dongpei , Meng Kexin , Chen Xiaobo , Yang Chaohe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractXylitol is commonly known as one of the top platform intermediates for biomass conversion. Catalytic deoxygenation of xylitol provides an atomic and energetic efficient way to produce a variety of renewable chemicals including ethylene glycol, 1,2‐propanediol, lactic acid and 1,4‐anhydroxylitol. Despite a few initial attempts in converting xylitol into those products, improving catalyst selectivity towards C−O and C−C cleavage reactions remains a grand challenge in this area. To our best knowledge, there is lack of comprehensive review to summarize the most recent advances on catalyst design and mechanisms in deoxygenation of xylitol, offering important perspective into future development of xylitol transformation technologies. Therefore, in this mini‐review, we have critically discussed the conversion routes involved in xylitol deoxygenation over solid catalyst materials, the nanostructures of supported metal catalysts for C−H, C−C and C−O bond cleavage reactions, and mechanistic investigation for xylitol conversion. The outcome of this work provides new insights into rational design of effective deoxygenation catalyst materials for upgrading of xylitol and future process development in converting hemicellulosic biomass.
Is solar geoengineering ungovernable? A critical assessment of governance challenges identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Authors: Reynolds Jesse L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolar radiation modification (SRM) could greatly reduce climate change and associated risks. Yet it has not been well‐received by the climate change expert community. This is evident in the authoritative reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which emphasize SRM's governance, political, social, and ethical challenges. I find seven such challenges identified in the IPCC reports: that SRM could lessen mitigation; that its termination would cause severe climatic impacts; that researching SRM would create a “slippery slope” to its inevitable and unwanted use; that decisions to use it could be contrary to democratic norms; that the public may not accept SRM; that it could be unethical; and that decisions to use SRM could be unilateral. After assessing the extent to which these challenges are supported by existing evidence, scholarly literature, and robust logic, I conclude that, for six of the seven, the IPCC's claims variously are speculative, fail to consider both advantages and disadvantages, implicitly make unreasonable negative assumptions, are contrary to existing evidence, and/or are meaninglessly vague. I suggest some reasons for the reports' failure to meet the IPCC's standards of balance, thoroughness, and accuracy, and recommend a dedicated Special Report on SRM.This article is categorized under:
Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Assessing Climate Change in the Context of Other Issues
Rijkswaterstaat: Guardian of the Dutch Delta
Authors: van den Brink Margo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFounded in 1798, Rijkswaterstaat, the Dutch government’s agency for infrastructural works, brought flood security, navigable waterways and highways to the Netherlands. It is an iconic institution within Dutch society, best known for its ‘battle against the water’. The Zuiderzee Works (1920–1968) and the Delta Works (1954–1997) brought worldwide acclaim. This chapter tells the story of a humble semi-military organization that developed into a formidable institution of civil engineers with a strong technocratic mission mystique. It also recounts the institutional crisis the agency experienced in the 1970s–1990s when it was too slow to adapt to major sociocultural and political changes. To ride the waves of change, it eventually developed several proactive adaptation strategies and reinvented its mission mystique in managerial terms. Adaptation to climate change now presents another key challenge, for which Rijkswaterstaat will have to develop a new ‘social license to operate’.