bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional plasticity and evolutionary adaptation of allosteric regulation
Authors: Leander Megan , Yuan Yuchen , Meger Anthony , Cui Qiang , Raman Srivatsan 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Allostery is a fundamental mechanism by which proteins recognize environmental cues and elicit a response at a distal site. Allosteric signaling is essential in the regulation of myriad cellular processes, yet its molecular basis is poorly understood. Compared to traditional approaches that rely on structure to understand allostery, we chose a high-throughput function-centric approach. Using systematic mutagenesis, we found allosteric signaling to be highly adaptable where a mutation that inactivates allostery can be functionally compensated by another distal mutation. Although functionally important, allosteric hotspots, residues critical for signaling, were poorly conserved. In contrast, residues important for structural stability are significantly conserved, suggesting evolution selects fold over function. Our approach can lead to broad molecular principles of allostery.
Refining and modifying the EFCAMDAT
Authors: Shatz Itamar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This report outlines the development of a new corpus, which was created by refining and modifying the largest open-access L2 English learner database – the EFCAMDAT. The extensive data-curation process, which can inform the development and use of other corpora, included procedures such as converting the database from XML to a tabular format, and removing problematic markup tags and non-English texts. The final dataset contains two corresponding samples, written by similar learners in response to different prompts, which represents a unique research opportunity when it comes to analyzing task effects and conducting replication studies. Overall, the resulting corpus contains ~406,000 texts in the first sample and ~317,000 texts in the second sample, written by learners representing diverse L1s and a large range of L2 proficiency levels.
A kinematic comparison of on‐ergometer and on‐water kayaking
Authors: Klitgaard Kent K. , Hauge Christian , Oliveira Anderson Souza , Heinen Frederik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the kinematic profile of on‐water and on‐ergometer kayaking during maximal paddling. Eleven elite junior female kayak athletes (Mean SD, age: 16.8 ± 1.2 years; body mass: 64.1 ± 8.1 kg) performed a 2‐minute maximal kayaking exercise with their competition equipment on water, and a 2‐minute maximal kayaking exercise on a standard ergometer. Kinematic data was recorded with an inertial motion capture system. Elbow, shoulder and knee angles and their respective angular velocities were extracted and normalised with respect to the stroke cycle. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was used to identify statistically significant differences between the two conditions. The stroke rate was significantly higher on ergometer (122.1 ± 6.8 strokes per minute) compared to on water (107.1 ± 4.6 strokes per minute, p < 0.05), with a difference of 8.4 ± 5.9 strokes per minute. Elite kayak female athletes exhibited differences in elbow, shoulder and knee kinematics when comparing on‐ergometer to on‐water performance. Moreover, the results demonstrated an increased range of motion in lateral bending in the thoracolumbar joint (p < 0.001). The current results support recent findings that a kayak ergometer may not replicate on‐water kinematics.
Final report for GULFMET.M.M-K4: key comparison of 1 kg stainless steel mass standards
Authors: Korutlu Beste , Mitsas Christos , Malengo Andrea , Wüthrich Christian , Lee Sungjun , Alqarni Saud , Al-Abdulhadi Aisha , Al-Qattan Abeer I , Mahmoud Khalid Sadee 
Published: October 2020

This report summarizes the results of the key comparison (KC) carried out among eight National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and an Accredited Calibration Laboratory, six of which are member countries of Gulf Association for Metrology (GULFMET). The KC of two 1 kg stainless steel knob weights was decided during the 11th meeting of GULFMET TC Mass held in Abu Dhabi, 2017. TÜBİTAK UME (Turkey) acted as pilot laboratory. The comparison was linked to CCM.M-K4 via INRIM (Italy), METAS (Switzerland), KRISS (Republic of Korea). The results were evaluated by the generalized least square (GLS) estimation. Majority of results were consistent with each other and with the key comparison reference value of CCM.M-K4 within their expanded uncertainties with the coverage factor of k = 2.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Generalized scalar field cosmologies: theorems on asymptotic behavior
Authors: Leon Genly , Franz Silva Felipe Orlando 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhase-space descriptions are used to find qualitative features of the solutions of generalized scalar field cosmologies with arbitrary potentials and arbitrary couplings to matter. Previous results are summarized and new ones are presented as theorems, which include the previous ones as corollaries. Examples of these results are presented as well as counterexamples when the hypotheses of the theorems are not fulfilled. Potentials with small cosine-like corrections motivated by inflationary loop-quantum cosmology are discussed. Finally, the Hubble‐normalized formulation for the FRW metric and for the Bianchi I metric is applied to a scalar field cosmology with a generalized harmonic potential, non-minimally coupled to matter, and the stability of the solutions is discussed.
TV-based reconstruction of periodic functions
Authors: Fageot Julien , Simeoni Matthieu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We introduce a general framework for the reconstruction of periodic multivariate functions from finitely many and possibly noisy linear measurements. The reconstruction task is formulated as a penalized convex optimization problem, taking the form of a sum between a convex data fidelity functional and a sparsity-promoting total variation based penalty involving a suitable spline-admissible regularizing operator L. In this context, we establish a periodic representer theorem, showing that the extreme-point solutions are periodic L-splines with less knots than the number of measurements. The main results are specified for the broadest classes of measurement functionals, spline-admissible operators, and convex data fidelity functionals. We exemplify our results for various regularization operators and measurement types (e.g., spatial sampling, Fourier sampling, or square-integrable functions). We also consider the reconstruction of both univariate and multivariate periodic functions.
An unbiased approach to compressed sensing
Authors: Carlsson Marcus , Gerosa Daniele , Olsson Carl 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In compressed sensing a sparse vector is approximately retrieved from an under-determined equation system Ax = b. Exact retrieval would mean solving a large combinatorial problem which is well known to be NP-hard. For b of the form Ax
0 + ϵ, where x
0 is the ground truth and ϵ is noise, the ‘oracle solution’ is the one you get if you a priori know the support of x
0, and is the best solution one could hope for. We provide a non-convex functional whose global minimum is the oracle solution, with the property that any other local minimizer necessarily has high cardinality. We provide estimates of the type

‖

x

̂

−

x

0

‖

2

⩽
C
‖
ϵ

‖

2

with constants C that are significantly lower than for competing methods or theorems, and our theory relies on soft assumptions on the matrix A, in comparison with standard results in the field. The framework also allows to incorporate a priori information on the cardinality of the sought vector. In this case we show that despite being non-convex, our cost functional has no spurious local minima and the global minima is again the oracle solution, thereby providing the first method which is guaranteed to find this point for reasonable levels of noise, without resorting to combinatorial methods.
Dynamic switching-induced back-carrier-injection in a-InGaZnO thin film transistors
Authors: Tai Mao-Chou , Tsao Yu-Ching , Wang Yu-Xuan , Lin Chih-Chih , Tsai Yu-Lin , Tu Hong-Yi , Huang Bo-Shen , Chang Ting-Chang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, degradation due to carrier injection at the etch-stop layer was observed under dynamic switching. A significant threshold voltage shift is observed in alternating current stress but is absent in direct current stress. A model which transitions from the accumulation to depletion phases indicates electron-trapping at the etch-stop layer since the transition time is insufficient for carriers to drift back to the source/drain electrodes. Results are discussed through both horizontal and lateral band diagrams to confirm back channel injections. Also, comparing transfer curves with capacitance-voltage curves at the same threshold voltage in different structure devices provides direct evidence of electron-trapping regions. Finally, COMSOL simulation is performed to confirm the difference in electron-trapping between back channel and corner regions, a difference which leads to an abnormal hump during capacitance-voltage measurements.
Enhanced antitumor effect via amplified oxidative stress by near-infrared light-responsive and folate-targeted nanoplatform
Authors: Wang Senlin , Chen Fanghui , Wu Hongshuai , Zhang Yuchen , Sun Kai , Yin Yujie , Chen Jian , Hossain Abul Monsur Showkot , Sun Baiwang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The efficiency of producing hydroxyl radicals (·OH) from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) catalyzed by different iron compounds have been explored extensively. Exclusively, ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FCA) showed the best catalyzed activity for ·OH generation. Then, we designed and prepared near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive and folate-targeted nanoplatform, which co-delivered FCA, cisplatin and indocyanine green (ICG) for improving antitumor therapy through amplified oxidative stress. The noteworthy observation is that under the irradiation of NIR light, the lecithin structure could able to depolymerize through the photothermal conversion mechanism of encapsulated dye ICG, which has achieved an intelligent release of drugs. In addition, the released cisplatin is not only fully effective to damage the DNA of cancer cells but it is able to induce the production of intracellular H2O2, which could further be catalyzed by FCA to generate toxic ·OH for oxidative damage via Fenton and Haber–Weiss reaction. This original strategy may provide an efficient way for improved chemotherapy via amplified oxidative stress.
Theory of mode conversion in helicon plasmas
Authors: Cho Suwon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The helicon wave can be converted into the Trivelpiece–Gould (TG) mode and vice versa in nonuniform helicon plasmas. A theory is presented to study this phenomena using a full wave analysis with the stratified model and spectral collocation methods. The properties of the power flux are analyzed, and the reflection and conversion coefficients are obtained by constructing appropriate solutions representing the incident helicon or TG mode propagating toward the mode conversion layer (MCL). It is found that these coefficients are independent of the incident mode type in the collisionless limit, and that conversion of power from the helicon to the TG mode is the same as that from the TG to the helicon mode, regardless of collisions. It is also found that the radiation resistance peaks approximately where the conversion peaks when there is an MCL, or the reflection reaches its local minimum when there is no MCL. Finally, the absorbed power of the waves excited by an antenna is decomposed into those of the incident helicon and TG modes, which shows that their partitions are affected by the existence of mode conversion as well as the collision frequency.
Three-dimensional density distributions of NO in the effluent of the COST reference microplasma jet operated in He/N2/O2
Authors: Preissing Patrick , Korolov Ihor , Schulze Julian , Schulz-von der Gathen Volker , Böke Marc 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF) is used to measure absolute ground state densities of nitric oxide (NO) in the effluent of the COST reference microplasma jet (COST-jet) with three-dimensional spatial resolution. The jet is operated in helium with a nitrogen/oxygen admixture. The experiments are performed with the jet expanding into open air and into a controlled He/synthetic air atmosphere. The most efficient production of NO is found at a 0.5% admixture of N2/O2 at a ratio of 4/1, that is considered to be synthetic air. Maximum NO densities of 3.25 × 1014 cm−3 and 4.5 × 1014 cm−3 are measured in the air and He/synthetic air atmosphere, respectively, at an axial distance of 2 mm from the nozzle. The distribution patterns are found to transit into a turbulent regime for air atmosphere at greater axial distances, while in the He/synthetic air atmosphere this effect is not observed. It is found that the expansion of the region of high NO density in the effluent is strongly coupled to the helium flow. Furthermore, the NO density is found to depend on the absolute feed gas flow, i.e. its maximum decreases as a function of the gas flow. This is a result of the longer residence time of the gas in the active plasma volume at lower gas flows and higher energy densities. For very high values of the applied radio frequency power the NO density is saturated. From time resolved measurements of the LIF signals the quenching coefficient for the NO(A
2Σ+) state by air is found to be k

u,air = 4.2(±0.5) × 10−11 cm3 s−1, while quenching by He is negligible, k

u,He ⩽ 1 × 10−14 cm3 s−1. The amount of ambient air intruding the helium effluent is determined as well.
Time-resolved imaging of pulsed positive nanosecond discharge on water surface: plasma dots guided by water surface
Authors: Hamdan Ahmad , Diamond James , Stafford Luc 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pulsed nanosecond discharges at atmospheric pressure produce non-thermal plasmas that can be used in various applications. The dynamics of such discharges are highly dependent on experimental conditions, particularly the propagation medium. In this study, pulsed nanosecond discharges in air in-contact with deionized water are investigated, and the dynamics of plasma emission are studied using an ultrafast imaging technique. Depending on the magnitude of the applied voltage, two discharge modes are observed: (i) highly-organized filaments and (ii) intense and less-organized plasma filaments that superimpose to the organized ones. Based on the acquired 1 ns resolved images, the highly-organized filaments can be considered as plasma dots that propagate at the water surface with velocities in the order of hundreds of km s−1. Detailed analyses of the dots number, by imaging, and of the discharge properties, by current–voltage characteristics, reveal that the charge of each dot is constant (3–5 nC), irrespective of the experimental conditions. After being compared with the plasma bullets, usually produced by jets, the analyzed dots are proposed as plasma quanta.
Temperature measurements of the background gas and metastable argon atoms in N2/Ar nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges
Authors: Manoharan Rounak , Boyson Toby K , O’Byrne Sean 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Characterization of plasma properties that underpin kinetic processes in nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges (NRPDs) is necessary to understand and manipulate the behavior of these discharges for a wide variety of applications. Here, the neutral gas temperature in N2 and 50% N2/50% Ar NRPDs during the discharge is determined by characterizing the rotational temperature of rovibrational spectra from the N2 2nd positive system. At the conditions investigated, it is shown that the timescale for rotational–translational relaxation is shorter than the effective lifetime of the N2(C) state, thereby, rendering the rotational temperature measurements a reasonable representation of the background gas temperature. The measurements show that the translational temperature of ground state nitrogen molecules does not increase significantly above ambient temperature during the discharge generated at a constant pressure of 20 Torr, 10 kHz pulse repetition frequency, and pulse energy of 50 μJ. An absorption based detection technique with a 2 ns time-resolution used to measure the translational temperature history of the metastable argon atoms (Ar(1s3)) in the N2/Ar NRPDs shows that the Ar(1s3) atoms and the neutral background gas are in thermal non-equilibrium during the discharge. Furthermore, the addition of nitrogen gas is shown to significantly reduce the translational energy enhancement of the metastable argon atoms produced in the N2/Ar discharges compared to that in pure argon discharges.
Thermodynamics of optical Bloch equations
Authors: Elouard Cyril , Herrera-Martí David , Esposito Massimiliano , Auffèves Alexia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Optical Bloch equations (OBE) describe the coherent exchange of energy between a quantum bit (qubit) and a quasi-resonant driving field in the presence of a thermal bath. Despite it being an ubiquitous process in quantum technologies, a sound thermodynamic analysis is still missing. We hereby provide such an analysis, by deriving the relevant framework from first principles. We start from a complete microscopic description of the qubit-bath system where definitions of heat, work and entropy production are unambiguous. We trace out the bath and coarse-grain the resulting expressions in time, using a methodology similar to the derivation of the dynamical master equation, to derive closed expressions for the first and second law in terms of system properties. Long coarse graining times yield the Floquet Master equation and its already known thermodynamic description. Short coarse-graining times yield instead the OBE and a novel thermodynamic framework which explicitly depends on quantum coherences in the qubit’s energy basis which produce quantum signatures in the heat and entropy production flows. This allows us to characterize a genuinely quantum non-equilibrium situation, where the coherences created by the driving field are continuously erased by the bath. Our findings can be readily extended to larger open quantum systems. They carry the seeds for future thermodynamic analyses of quantum gates and the design of quantum engines in the strong coherent driving regime.
Experimental investigation of bending and tensile strength of friction stir processed TIG-welded AA5083-H111 joint
Authors: Msomi Velaphi , Mabuwa Sipokazi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper reports on the experimental investigation of bending and tensile strength of the friction stir processed TIG-welded AA5083-H111 joint. The friction stir processed joint was studied comparatively with the TIG-welded joint (unprocessed joint). The TIG-welded joint was processed using a single-pass friction stir processing technique. The microstructural analysis revealed that the unprocessed joint was dominated with coarse grains while the refined grains dominated the friction stir processed joint. The unprocessed joint consistently failed at the center of the joint during tensile testing while the processed joint failed in different locations of the stir zone. The tensile strength of the unprocessed joint was found to be 47.4% to that of the base metal while that of the processed joint was found to be 76.5% to that of the base metal. The percentage elongation of the processed joint was found to be 82.4% to that of the base metal while that of the unprocessed joint was found to be 34.8% to that of the base metal. The bending failure mode of the processed and unprocessed joint was similar to that observed during tensile testing.
Memory selection and information switching in oscillator networks with higher-order interactions
Authors: Skardal Per Sebastian , Arenas Alex 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the dynamics of coupled oscillator networks with higher-order interactions and their ability to store information. In particular, the fixed points of these oscillator systems consist of two clusters of oscillators that become entrained at opposite phases, mapping easily to information more commonly represented by sequences of 0’s and 1’s. While 2
N
such fixed point states exist in a system of N oscillators, we find that a relatively small fraction of these are stable, as chosen by the network topology. To understand the memory selection of such oscillator networks, we derive a stability criterion to identify precisely which states are stable, i.e., which pieces of information are supported by the network. We also investigate the process by which the system can switch between different stable states when a random perturbation is applied that may force the system into the basin of attraction of another stable state.
Intersections Of Neighborhood Co-Ethnic Density and Nativity Status On Heavy Drinking In a General Population Sample Of US Latinos and Asians
Authors: Tam Christina C , Lui Camillia K , Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
Greater neighborhood co-ethnic density (living in proximity with people sharing an ethnicity) and being foreign-born each can protect against risky drinking, but little is known about whether these two factors interact. Using a representative sample of Latinos and Asians from California, USA, we investigate main and interactive effects of neighborhood co-ethnic density and nativity status in relation to heavy episodic drinking (HED).

Methods
This study uses the California Health Interview Survey (N = 30,203) linked with neighborhood data to investigate associations of co-ethnic density and nativity status with HED. Co-ethnic density was based on matching each respondent’s ethnicity to the proportion of residents of the corresponding group in their Census tract. Using weighted logistic regression, we first examined main effects of neighborhood co-ethnic density and respondent nativity status on HED. Next, we assessed the interaction of co-ethnic density and nativity status. Finally, we estimated nativity-stratified models to investigate variation in effects of co-ethnic density.

Results
Co-ethnic density was not associated with HED for the full sample, but US-born nativity status was associated with increased odds of past-year HED. The interaction model showed co-ethnic density and nativity had synergistic effects, whereby greater levels of neighborhood co-ethnic density buffered risk associated with being US-born. Further, greater neighborhood co-ethnic density was associated with reduced odds of HED for US-born respondents, but it was not associated with HED for foreign-born respondents.

Conclusions
Protective effects of high neighborhood co-ethnic density on HED are stronger for US-born than for foreign-born Latinos and Asians in California.