bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes towards elastic language in Australian online healthcare information
Authors: Zhang Grace , Tseng Ming-Yu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Based on questionnaire data in response to six excerpts of Australian online health information, this study
investigates university students’ attitudes towards elastic language (EL). The findings show that averaging all six cases a
neutral attitude is found, with no strong preference for EL or non-EL. This indicates that it is unnecessary to deliberately use
more or less EL – the key is to use EL appropriately when and where it is needed. Examining the reasons for participants’ choices,
we identify ten frames. Often the same EL generated positive and negative comments: a phenomenon that can be explained in terms of
two sides of a frame. The findings may help healthcare professionals to deliver medical information in ways most accessible to the
public and to find effective ways of communicating uncertainty. A ‘one fits all’ rule for language use does not exist, and instead
multiple standards guide our use of it.
Negative differential resistance effect of blue phosphorene-graphene heterostructure device
Authors: Zhu Si-Cong , Hu Tie-Yi , Wu Kai-Ming , Lam Chi-Hang , Yao Kai-Lun , Sun Hua-Rui , Yip Cho-Tung 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report on the electrical transport properties of new graphene/blue phosphorene heterostructure devices by density functional theory (DFT) within the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) approach. From the results, it is found that the devices with different length of contacts layers show semiconducting nature. The integrated contacted length of graphene/blue phosphorene two-layer device shows the best conductivity under a bias voltage. The negative differential resistance effect (NDR) is also found in the current-voltage curve of all the graphene/blue phosphorene devices. Transport characteristics can be explained by the eigenvalues of self-consistent Hamiltonian (MPSH). The results show that the device is fabricated from graphene/blue phosphorous and has good electrical conductivity. These interesting features will be useful for future electronic products.
How food secure are the green, rocky and middle roads: food security effects in different world development paths
Authors: van Meijl Hans , Tabeau Andrzej , Stehfest Elke , Doelman Jonathan , Lucas Paul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) address food and nutrition security with goal number two. Food and nutrition security is a complicated issue, and understanding its future requires insights into (i) food availability, (ii) food access, (iii) food utilisation, and (iv) food stability. Not all these dimensions are covered by the SDG2 and its indicators. A unique feature of this paper is that it focuses on the first three dimensions of food security in addition to the prevalence of undernourishment (SDG indicator 2.1.1). Here we explore future food security in the absence of dedicated policies, to derive the ‘policy gap’ for this goal. The internationally agreed shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) are quantified using a computable general equilibrium model (MAGNET) coupled with an integrated assessment model (IMAGE) that enable a linkage between income and expenditures given segmented labour markets. Based on the three dimensions of food security our results showed a less optimistic outlook than based on previous studies. Food availability is projected to improve in all 5 SSP scenarios, except South Asia in SSP3 due to serious land constraints. As a result, the number of undernourished people decreases in most scenarios, becoming increasingly concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. However, undernourishment stays high in SSP4 (550 million people) and increases to over two billion people in SSP3. Food access generally improves due to higher agricultural and non-agricultural wages of unskilled workers. However, due to lock-in effects the wages of unskilled agricultural workers might decline, leading to reduced food access in SSP3, SSP4 and SSP2. The indicator of food utilisation shows food security problems for Sub-Saharan Africa in SSP3 and SSP4. Our results indicate that food security problems remain and that effective policies are needed to achieve food security for all.
Spatial patterns of recent US summertime heat trends: Implications for heat sensitivity and health adaptations
Authors: Spangler Keith R , Wellenius Gregory A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Heat is known to cause illness and death not only at extreme temperatures, but also at moderate levels. Although substantial research has shown how summertime temperature distributions have changed over recent decades in the United States, less is known about how the heat index—a potentially more health-applicable metric of heat—has similarly evolved over this period. Moreover, the extent to which these distributional changes have overlapped with indicators of social vulnerability has not been established, despite the applicability of co-varying climatic and sociodemographic characteristics to heat-related health adaptations. Presented here is an analysis of trends in the median, 95th percentile, and ‘warm-tail spread’ (i.e., intra-seasonal range between the upper extreme and median) of warm-season (May-September) maximum heat index between 1979 and 2018 across the conterminous US. Using 40 years of data from the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset, it is shown that most of the US has experienced statistically significant positive trends in summertime heat, and that both the magnitude of trends and the shape of the frequency distributions of these measures vary regionally. Comparisons with data from the Social Vulnerability Index show that the most socially vulnerable counties appear to be warming faster than the least vulnerable, but that opposite patterns hold for trends in warm-tail spread. These findings may be applicable to further studies on climate change, heat adaptations, and environmental justice in the US.
Ambient air pollution per specific land use types and activities in an urbanizing Eastern Caribbean Country, St. Kitts and Nevis
Authors: Whittaker S D , Deziel N C , Zhang Y , Jin L , Edwards Q A , Naraine L , Scarborough J , Allen D , Bell M L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Urban development can have negative impacts on the environment through various mechanisms. While many air quality studies have been carried out in more developed nations, Eastern Caribbean (EC) countries remain understudied. This study aims to estimate the concentrations of air pollutants in the EC nation of St. Kitts and Nevis. Transport, recreation and construction sites were selected randomly using local land use records. Pollutant levels were measured repeatedly for numerous 1-hour intervals in each location between October 2015 and November 2018. Weather trends and land use characteristics were collected concurrent to sampling. Across 27 sites, mean NO2, O3, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 levels were 26.61 ppb (range: 0–306 ppb), 11.94 ppb (0–230 ppb), 27.9 ppb (0–700 ppb), 52.9 μg m−3 (0–10,400 μg m−3) and 29.8 μg m−3 (0–1556 μg m−3), respectively. Pollutants were elevated in high urban areas and generally significantly positively correlated with each other, with the exception of PM10. NO2 levels in construction areas were generally comparable to those in transportation areas and higher than in recreation areas. O3 levels were lower in construction than recreation and transport areas. SO2 concentrations were lower in construction and recreation compared to transport sites. Construction and recreation PM10 levels exceeded transport sites, while PM2.5 was highest in construction areas. Additional bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to assess whether various meteorological, temporal and land use factors including rain, tour season and urban features explained variability in air pollutant concentrations. Tourist season and specific months, more than any other factors, contributed most to variability in pollutant concentrations. These new measurements of air pollution concentrations in an understudied nation may have important implications for health outcomes among exposed EC residents, and provide critical data for future exposure and epidemiologic research and environmental policy.
Tetrapyrroles at near-ambient pressure: porphyrins and phthalocyanines beyond the pressure gap
Authors: Vesselli Erik 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Many complex mechanisms underlying the fascinating functionalities provided by tetrapyrrolic macrocycles in biochemistry have been already unraveled. Light harvesting, molecular transport, and catalytic conversion are some of the processes performed by tetrapyrrole-based centers embedded in protein pockets. The main function is determined by the single atom species that is caged in the macrocycle, while a finer tuning (band gap, chemical selectivity etc) is granted by the geometric and electronic structure of the tetrapyrrole, including its residues, and by the proximal and distal structures of the protein surroundings that exploit the molecular trans-effect and direct weak interactions, respectively. Hence, a scientific and technological challenge consists in the artificial replication of both structure and functionality of natural reaction centers in 2D ordered arrays at surfaces. Nano-architected 2D metalorganic frameworks can be indeed self-assembled under controlled conditions at supporting surfaces and, in the specific, porphyrin- and phthalocyanine-based systems have been widely investigated in ultra-high vacuum conditions by means of surface science approaches. Deep insight into the geometry, electronic structure, magnetic properties, ligand adsorption mechanisms, and light absorption has been obtained, with the strong experimental constraint of vacuum. Especially in the case of the interaction of tetrapyrroles with ligands, this limit represents a relevant gap with respect to both comparison with natural counterparts from the liquid environment and potential applicative views at both solid–liquid and solid–gas interfaces. Thus, a step forward in the direction of near-ambient pressure is strongly necessary, while maintaining the atomic-level detail characterization accuracy. Nowadays this becomes feasible by exploiting state-of-the-art experimental techniques, in combination with computational simulations. This review focusses on the latest advances in this direction.
Interaction of Pb2+ ions in water with two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Li Duo O , Gilliam Matthew S , Debnath Abhishek , Chu Ximo S , Yousaf Ahmed , Green Alexander A , Wang Qing Hua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The removal of heavy metal contaminants from water is important for public health, and recently many two-dimensional (2D) materials with high specific surface areas are being studied as promising new active components in water purification. In particular, 2D MoS2 nanosheets have been used for the removal of various heavy metals, but usually in either in complex geometries and composites, or in the chemically exfoliated metallic 1T-MoS2 phase. However, the interaction of heavy metals dissolved in water with unmodified semiconducting 2H-MoS2 is not well studied. In this paper, we report a detailed fundamental investigation of how Pb2+ ions interact with 2H-MoS2. We observe small solid clusters that form on the MoS2 surfaces after exposing them to Pb(NO3)2 aqueous solutions as shown by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and for liquid phase exfoliated MoS2 we observe the nanosheets precipitating out of dispersion along with insoluble solid granules. We use a combination of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction to identify these solid clusters and granules as primarily PbSO4 with some PbMoO4. We put forth an interaction mechanism that involves MoS2 defects acting as initiation sites for the partial dissolution in aqueous oxygenated conditions which produces MoO4
2− and SO4
2− ions to form the solids with Pb2+. These results are an important contribution to our fundamental understanding of how MoS2 interacts with metal ions and will influence further efforts to exploit MoS2 for water remediation applications.
Multi-sensor measurement and data fusion technology for manufacturing process monitoring: a literature review
Authors: Kong Lingbao , Peng Xing , Chen Yao , Wang Ping , Xu Min 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Due to the rapid development of precision manufacturing technology, much research has been conducted in the field of multisensor measurement and data fusion technology with a goal of enhancing monitoring capabilities in terms of measurement accuracy and information richness, thereby improving the efficiency and precision of manufacturing. In a multisensor system, each sensor independently measures certain parameters. Then, the system uses a relevant signal-processing algorithm to combine all of the independent measurements into a comprehensive set of measurement results. The purpose of this paper is to describe multisensor measurement and data fusion technology and its applications in precision monitoring systems. The architecture of multisensor measurement systems is reviewed, and some implementations in manufacturing systems are presented. In addition to the multisensor measurement system, related data fusion methods and algorithms are summarized. Further perspectives on multisensor monitoring and data fusion technology are included at the end of this paper.
What Can Breast and Plastic Surgeons Do to Help Fight the Opioid Crisis: The Interpectoral Block for Pain Control Following Aesthetic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery
Authors: Scheflan Michael , Allweis Tanir M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
With the heightened awareness of the dangers of opioid administration, the importance of providing effective non-opioid postoperative pain management is evident. Regional analgesia for breast surgery has been described, but it is unclear how widely it is utilized. The authors describe a simple block performed during ablative, aesthetic, and reconstructive breast surgery to improve postoperative pain control and significantly decrease the need for postoperative pain medications. The interpectoral (PECS I) block covers the lateral and medial pectoral nerves and can be administered by the anesthesiologist under ultrasound guidance after induction of general anesthesia, or by the surgeon under direct vision, using a blunt cannula, at the time of surgery. The authors have been practicing this technique in every patient undergoing aesthetic, ablative, and reconstructive breast surgery in the last 4 years. In approximately 350 patients, none received opioids after discharge, which was either same day or the following day. The authors provide a brief review of the literature and a detailed description of the technique along with a video demonstrating the procedures. Intraoperative pectoral block is a simple and effective technique for decreasing postoperative pain and analgesic requirements and could be widely adopted as a standard of care in breast surgery.
Spontaneously occluded left atrial appendage in a patient with atrial fibrillation and stroke: a case report
Authors: Tinggaard Andreas Bugge , Korsholm Kasper , Jensen Jesper Møller , Nielsen-Kudsk Jens Erik 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The left atrial appendage (LAA) is the main source of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation (AF). Transcatheter closure is non-inferior to warfarin therapy in preventing stroke.

Case summary
A patient with two consecutive strokes associated with AF was referred for transcatheter LAA occlusion (LAAO). Preprocedural cardiac CT and transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a spontaneously occluded LAA with a smooth left atrial surface, with stationary results at 6- and 12-month imaging follow-up. Warfarin was discontinued, and life-long aspirin instigated.

Discussion
Left atrial appendage occlusion has shown non-inferiority to warfarin for prevention of stroke, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality. No benefits from anticoagulation have been demonstrated in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source. In the present case, we observed that the LAA was occluded and, therefore, treated with aspirin monotherapy assuming similar efficacy as transcatheter LAAO.
A pilot study to investigate the histomorphometric changes of murine maxillary bone around the site of mini-screw insertion in regenerated bone induced by anabolic reagents
Authors: Keo Preksa , Matsumoto Yoshiro , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Nagahiro Shigeki , Ikeda Masaomi , Aoki Kazuhiro , Ono Takashi 
Published: February 2020

Summary

Objective
The objective of this study was to investigate the histomorphometric changes around the site of mini-screw insertion in the regenerated bone which was induced by an anabolic-injection method using both anabolic peptide and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2).

Methods
Twenty-seven eight-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were used. Some mice received submucosal co-injections of anabolic peptide and BMP-2 just in front of the maxillary first molar. Screw insertion was then performed 4 weeks after injection. All mice underwent a weekly in vivo micro-focal X-ray computed tomography (µCT) analysis before being sacrificed at week 8. The bone formation activity was evaluated using fluorescent labelling in the undecalcified sections. The analyses, including screw insertion, were performed in the frontal plane, in front of the site of screw insertion.

Results
Reconstructed µCT images revealed that the co-injection of anabolic reagents could lead to a gradual increase in the bone mineral density (BMD) of the injection-induced thickened bone by week 8. Both radiological and histomorphometric analyses indicated that screw insertion did not have any deleterious effects on either the BMD or the bone formation activity of the induced bone. Furthermore, the injection of anabolic reagents also led to an increase in the BMD of the underlying maxillary bone at the injection site.

Conclusion
Our histomorphometric analyses suggest that performing such anabolic injection to thicken bone could stimulate bone formation in the basal bone as well as in the induced bone. Similar augmentation of bone formation could be obtained even after subsequent screw insertion at the site of the induced bone.
Association of Biomarker Cutoffs and Endoscopic Outcomes in Crohn’s Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis From the CALM Study
Authors: Reinisch Walter , Panaccione Remo , Bossuyt Peter , Baert Filip , Armuzzi Alessandro , Hébuterne Xavier , Travis Simon , Danese Silvio , Sandborn William J , Schreiber Stefan , Berg Sofie , Zhou Qian , Kligys Kristina , Neimark Ezequiel , Suleiman Ahmed A , D’Haens Geert , Colombel Jean-Frederic 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
CALM was a randomized phase 3 trial in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) that demonstrated improved endoscopic outcomes when treatment was escalated based on cutoffs for inflammatory biomarkers, fecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and CD Activity Index (CDAI) remission vs CDAI response alone. The purpose of this post hoc analysis of CALM was to identify drivers of treatment escalation and evaluate the association between biomarker cutoff concentrations and endoscopic end points.

Methods
The proportion of patients achieving CD Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) &lt;4 and no deep ulcers 48 weeks after randomization was evaluated according to CRP &lt;5 mg/L or ≥5 mg/L and FC &lt;250 μg/g or ≥250 μg/g. Subgroup analyses were performed according to disease location, and sensitivity analyses were conducted in patients with elevated CRP and/or FC at baseline. The association between endoscopic end points and biomarker cutoffs was performed using χ 2 test.

Results
The proportion of patients who achieved the primary end point CDEIS &lt;4 and no deep ulcers was significantly greater for those with FC &lt;250 µg/g (74%; P &lt; 0.001), with an additive effect for CRP &lt;5 mg/L. The association of FC &lt;250 µg/g with improved endoscopic outcomes was independent of disease location, although the greatest association was observed for ileocolonic disease. Fecal calprotectin &lt;250 µg/g, CRP &lt;5 mg/L, and CDAI &lt;150 gave a sensitivity/specificity of 72%/63% and positive/negative predictive values of 86%/42% for CDEIS &lt;4 and no deep ulcers 48 weeks after randomization.

Conclusion
This post hoc analysis of CALM demonstrated that a cutoff of FC &lt;250 µg/g is a useful surrogate marker for mucosal healing in CD.
The effect of mean pressure on the performance of a single-stage heat-driven thermoacoustic cooler
Authors: Farikhah Irna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Waste heat is an environmental issue in the world. There are some technologies that can be used to recovery the waste heat, one of which is thermoacoustic cooler technology. Thermoacoustic technology can be divided into two parts: one is thermoacoustic engine and cooler. To design the cooler system having high efficiency and lower onset heating temperature, the effect of mean pressure is investigated. By increasing mean pressure from 0.5 to 3 MPa, the heating temperature generating acoustic power can be decreased from 831 to 580 K. Moreover, 15% of Thermodynamic upper limit value of the whole cooler system is achieved.
Monoamine Oxidase A Hypomethylation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Reversibility By Successful Psychotherapy?
Authors: Schiele Miriam A , Thiel Christiane , Deckert Jürgen , Zaudig Michael , Berberich Götz , Domschke Katharina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Epigenetic markers such as DNA methylation of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene have previously been shown to be altered in anxiety- and stress-related disorders and to constitute a potential mechanism of action of psychotherapeutic interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy in these disorders. The present study for the first time, to our knowledge, investigated MAOA methylation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder applying a longitudinal psychotherapy-epigenetic approach.

Methods
The present sample comprised 14 unmedicated female patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. MAOA promoter methylation was analyzed via direct sequencing of sodium bisulfite-treated DNA extracted from whole blood before and after an 8- to 10-week semi-standardized, obsessive-compulsive disorder–specific cognitive behavioral therapy. Clinical response was assessed by means of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.

Results
Significantly lower MAOA promoter methylation was discerned in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients relative to healthy controls. Data were available for 12 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 14 controls. Furthermore, following cognitive behavioral therapy, clinical improvement, i.e., decreases in obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms as indicated by lower scores on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was found to be significantly correlated with increases in MAOA methylation levels in patients (data available for n = 7).

Conclusions
The present pilot data suggest MAOA hypomethylation as a potential risk marker of obsessive-compulsive disorder and an increase in MAOA methylation levels as a possible mechanistic correlate of response to cognitive behavioral therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A Complete Classification of Unitary Fusion Categories Tensor Generated by an Object of Dimension
Authors: Edie-Michell Cain 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper we give a complete classification of unitary fusion categories $\otimes $-generated by an object of dimension $\frac{1 + \sqrt{5}}{2}$. We show that all such categories arise as certain wreath products of either the Fibonacci category or of the dual even part of the $2D2$ subfactor. As a by-product of proving our main classification result we produce a classification of finite unitarizable quotients of $\operatorname{Fib}^{*N}$ satisfying a certain symmetry condition.