bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cesarean-sections and early initiation of breast-feeding practices in tertiary care hospitals of Islamabad
Authors: Urooj Aqeel  , Ramesh Kumar  , Ukasha Ishfaq  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To assess the effect of caesarean section and factors influencing early initiation of breastfeeding by mothers.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Pakistan Institute Of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, and Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, from November 2016 to January 2017, and comprised women who had given birth through caesarean section. Data was collected using a standardised questionnaire which was modified accordingly. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 150 subjects ahed 18-49 years, 95(63.3%) breastfed their babies but not within the initial hour of the birth, as 104(69.3%) were in the recovery room post-surgery. As such, 141(94%) of the infants were given formula feeds. Overall, 120(80%) babies met their mother between 1 and five hours. In 54(57%) babies, breastfeeding was started within 6-12 hours after birth, and 149(98.7%) women had postoperative pain which delayed initiation of breastfeeding.
Conclusion: Caesarean sections were found to be associated with reduced breastfeeding rates in the initial one hour post-surgery.
Key Words: Caesarean section, Mode of birth, Vaginal delivery, Breastfeeding, Postpartum. Continuous...
Kepuasan Komunikasi Guru Sekolah Rendah: Satu Kajian Tinjauan di Bahagian Pedalaman Atas Sabah
Authors: Billy Lily James , Taat Muhamad Suhaimi 
Published: November 2020

Kepuasan komunikasi merupakan jumlah kepuasan terhadap maklumat umum termasuk perubahan dalam polisi organisasi, prosedur, misi, visi, objektif, pencapaian, rancangan, struktur dan keadaan pekerjaan. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti kepuasan komunikasi dalam kalangan guru sekolah rendah di bahagian pedalaman atas negeri Sabah, Malaysia. Kajian berbentuk bukan jenis eksperimental ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan dan mengabung tiga teknik pensampelan kebarangkalian dalam mendapatkan data. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan satu set soal selidik yang diadaptasi dari Downs dan Hazen (1977) dan ditadbir ke atas 458 orang responden guru. Data dianalisis menggunakan perisian IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Berdasarkan analisis deskriptif, variabel kepuasan komunikasi menunjukkan seramai 410 orang responden (89.5%) berada pada tahap tinggi manakala 48 orang responden (10.5%) berada pada tahap sederhana. Dapatan analisis Ujian-t yang diperoleh adalah tidak signifikan (t = 0.663, df = 456, p>0.05), yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan kepuasan komunikasi berdasarkan jantina. Melalui ujian ANOVA sehala, kepuasan komunikasi berdasarkan pengalaman mengajar didapati tidak signifikan, [F(df=2, 455) = 1.685, p>0.05]. Kajian menyimpulkan bahawa tiada perbezaan dalam kepuasan komunikasi berdasarkan pengalaman mengajar guru. Kajian mencadangkan agar kepuasan komunikasi guru berada pada tahap tinggi. Hal ini kerana kepuasan komunikasi guru adalah penting untuk memastikan kelancaran perkongsian kemahiran, ilmu, maklumat dan arahan serta mengelakkan konflik dan merupakan kunci kepada kejayaan serta keberhasilan di sekolah.
Analisis Pengaruh Utang terhadap Perekonomian dan Kemiskinan di Indonesia Periode 1949-2017
Authors: Junaedi Dedi 
Published: November 2020

Since independence, Indonesia has experienced seven changes of national leadership. Starting from Soekarno, Soeharto, BJ Habibie, Abdurahman Wahid, Megawati, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY), to Joko Widodo. During that time, foreign debt is always present to patch the development budget deficit. Debt is expected to move the wheels of the economy, create growth, create jobs, and alleviate poverty. This study aims to analyze the effect of debt, inflation and government regime differences on economic growth and poverty levels in Indonesia, from the Old Order era, the New Order, to the Reform Order. The study used secondary data obtained from Bank Indonesia, the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas), the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the World Bank, and other reference sources such as books, journals and scientific papers. The data used are the value of foreign debt, national income (Gross Domestic Product / GDP), population, number and ratio of the poor, inflation rate in the period 1949 - 2017. The results of multiple regression analysis with dummy variable (using Eviews 10 application program) show the following results: Foreign debt has correlation with the national economic condition, in particular the value of Indonesian Gross Domestic Product and the level of poverty. Debt tends to increase the value of GDP and reduce poverty. In terms of debt governance as a driver of the economy and poverty, the Suharto and Habibie Era tend to be different and better than the Sukarno Era. While the debt management of Era Abdurrahman Wahid, Era Megawati, Era SBY and Era Jokowi no different or no better than Era Sukarno. Although nationally can increase GDP and reduce poverty, debt can not improve people's prosperity (read per capita income). Foreign debt even tends to reduce the level of welfare of the people. This applies to all government regimes.
Prinsip-Prinsip Kepemilikan Harta Dalam Islam
Authors: Hamdani Lukman 
Published: November 2020

Property is one of the most important instruments in this life, because wealth is as a support for the continuity of human life, in Islam it is always emphasized the importance of independence in owning property through work or business, because Allah really loves his servant who is always giving alms with his own property. Allah Almighty really likes hard workers or people who are persistent in seeking treasure for the sake of the afterlife, even Allah SWT emphasizes in Surah at-taubah father 10. And Say: "Work for you, Then Allah and His Messenger and the believers will see your work, and you will be returned to (Allah) who knows the unseen and the real, then He tells you what you have done.Even the Companions of the Messenger of All āh adalah were rich people who possessed wealth for the progress and development of Islam at the time, a very real example was the Friends of Abu Bakr, Abdurrah bin ʻAuf, Uthman ibn Affan and the Wife of the Messenger of All āh adalah was a great entrepreneur, Siti Khadijah. They are friends looking for wealth and have it as much as possible then after that they distribute their wealth through ZISWAF, it is obligatory and must for Muslims to seek have property for the benefit of the world and the hereafter and the interests of Muslims and provision in the hereafter Can be concluded that ownership of property in Islam it is very important because it is a means of sustaining life and as a place to find savings for ukhrawi life later, because indeed ownership of property in Islam is not only focused on worldly matters, but there are two elements that are always included, namely for worldly and spiritual interests It should be underlined in the ownership of the property that the principle must be instilled that this property has the absolute God Almighty, we are only temporarily entrusted, therefore it is not beautiful to not distribute the assets we have to people in need through ZISWAF instruments.
INVESTIGATION ON OXYGEN PERMEABILITY AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF AGAR FILMS
Authors: Elhefian Esam Abdulkader , Saalah Sariah , Yahaya Abdul Hamid 
Published: November 2020

In this work, agar (AG) films have been prepared using the cast method technique. Surface properties such as contact angle (CA) and morphology of the films were carried out. The water contact angle on the surface of agar film was recorded to be 74.91 ±0.35 indicating good hydrophilicity of the surface, which was confirmed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the AG film. The contact angle was also studied with the variation of time. After making the initial contact on the substrate, the water contact angle on the AG film was found to decrease gradually with time. Studying the oxygen permeability of the agar film showed that the film had an oxygen permeability of about 187 barer.
A PRACTICAL ATTEMPT FOR INTERPRETATION OF SYSMEX KX-21 BLOOD ANALYZER HISTOGRAMS AND FLAGS RESOLVING
Authors: M Jbireal J 
Published: November 2020

The main principle of the automated blood analyzers is to get the quantity (count) of different blood components (parameters) in the peripheral blood samples. Additionally, in case of Sysmex KX-21 blood analyzer, the work performance includes also 3-part differential white blood cells (WBC) count represents eight parameters of the complete blood count (CBC). Extremely important to mention here that many of the analyzed information about the main blood corpuscular are provided in graphical forms called histograms. Remarkably, any abnormal results in the investigated blood parameters due to multi different factors such as red blood cell fragments, platelets clumps, cold agglutinins, giant platelets and many other factors will appear in an abnormal histograms and flags. These abnormalities in values and histograms or flags appeared are due to be interpreted and adjusted depending on extensive knowledge of the analytic performance of the analyser and the clinical significance of the results they provide.As the KX-21 is a fully automated haematology analyser, easily fitting into a lot of medical laboratories in our country and ideal as a backup analyser to the Sysmex full differential analyser system, we tried to create a scientific method (it can be in a hard or soft copy) to avoid automating bad work processes. This is carried out in order to get accurate results, to interpret different histograms in a good way and to discover the reasons lead to appearance of the flags during analysing.
دراسة أنواع الطفيليات التي تنقلها الصراصير الألمانية آليا على أسطح أجسامها الخارجية وداخل أمعائها
Authors: أبوزيـد سكينــة أبوزيـد سعيـد 
Published: November 2020

أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة أنواع الطفيليات التي تنقلها الصراصير الألمانية آليا على أسطح أجسامها الخارجية وداخل أمعائها للإنسان بمدينة الزاوية التي تبعد عن العاصمة طرابلس حوالي 45كم غربـا, في الفترة من (13-2-2008 م) إلى (22-7-2009م) ، حيث تم تجميع (145) صرصور من النوع الألماني (Blattella germanica) وكان عدد الذكور 61 منهم (47 بالغ و14 غير بالغ) وعدد الإناث 84 أنثى منها (67 بالغات و17غير بالغات), جُمعت من غرف المنازل والحمامات وحجرات تفتيش المجاري, و كان معظمها يحمل الطُفيليات إما على أسطح أجسامها الخارجية أو داخل أمعائها بنسبة87.5% ، وتم عزل هذه الطُفيليات والتعرف على أنواعها, وهى سبع أنواع من الكائنات الأولية الطفيلية المعوية ، كما لوحظ من خلال نتائج هذه الدراسة أن مقدار ما تحمله الصراصير الألمانية من طُفيليات داخل أجسامها يفوق ما تحمله على أسطح أجسامها الخارجية ، وأن الصراصير التي تم تجميعها من داخل الحمامات كانت تحمل طفيليات بنسب أعلى من تلك التي تم تجميعها من داخل الغرف.
EFFECTS OF PARSLEY SEEDS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS AS NATURAL ADDITIVES ON SEMEN QUALITY IN RABBIT MALES
Authors: Embark Jamal A. 
Published: November 2020

This study is designed to evaluate the effect of using parsley seeds (PAS) at different levels as a natural on semen quality and reduce the effect of lipidperoxidation of bucks. Forty New Zealand rabbit bucks 8 month old were divided into four groups (each 10 rabbit bucks). The groups were divided as follows: Control diet (free from PAS), T1: Control diet + 5g/kg PAS, T2: Control diet + 10g/kg PAS; T3: Control diet + 15g/kg PAS. Semen sample were collected twice a week; from each rabbit buck by artificial vagina. The first semen collection was used to evaluate semen quality parameters. However, the second semen collection was used for analysis semen plasma. Results revealed that feeding diets containing different levels of PAS significantly (P<0.05) increased semen volume, mass activity, individual motility, PSV, sperm concentration, total sperm and seminal plasma activity of ALP enzyme and significant (P<0.05) decrease in dead sperm and seminal plasma concentrations of total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol and MDA and seminal plasma activities of AST and ALT enzymes and TAC as compared with the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with different levels of PAS, especially at the level of 15 g/kg (T3) resulted in significant improvement in semen quality, antioxidant status and reproductive traits of rabbit bucks.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE HERSCHEL-QUINCLE (HQ) TUBE NOISE ATTENUATION PERFORMANCE
Authors: El-Majani Abdul-Hafid , Oun Mohamed S. , Farhat Salem A. 
Published: November 2020

The work presented in this paper summarize both analytical and experimental investigations of the Herschel-Quincke (HQ) concept for reducing known radiated inlet noise using signal generating system. The analytical part of this work involves one-dimensional plane wave propagate in a cylindrical duct. In this paper adaptive HQ tube is used to reduce tonal noise propagating as plane waves in closed end duct. The effect of HQ tube length on the noise reduction, induced by a loudspeaker at various frequencies, is investigated experimentally in an acoustically cylindrical duct with and without HQ. Five HQ tubes with different lengths are investigated. The distance between the HQ tube ends is kept constant (l=20 cm), ( = 1.5, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4). Two Microphones system was used to measure the net acoustic power transmission in the duct. One microphone is located just before the HQ tube in the duct, and the other is at the closed end of the duct where it is always anti-node pressure. Data acquisition, monitoring and analysis are done using National Instrument DAQ card and LabVIEW software. A LabVIEW vi code is developed to interface and process the two microphones system signals. Results showed that the length of the HQ tube is very important for a passive control of the noise reduction. While long HQ tube was effective in noise reduction in low frequencies, short HQ tube was more effective for high frequencies.
THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY FROM AN ARCHITECTUIRAL VIEW
Authors: Shibub Mariam M 
Published: November 2020

Libya is considered a virgin land for sustained development, and with its small population, the country’s productivity and consumption are still insignificant. Libya’s architectural heritage, which remains untainted by the pollution problems which plague more industrial countries. The most important problems facing the country are desertification and limited water supply. The failure of the Libyan State to enact laws to address these problems has contributed to their increase.
This article deals with the concept of sustainability and its relation to the architecture science and its intellectual and cultural dimensions. In addition, the local efforts in Libya that aim to set up a local plan for coping with the international efforts and the resulting work rules regarding this concern. The researcher used the literature review as a method to focus on the pervious points. This study arrived at an important recommendation that the Libyan authorities should focus on the importance of developing educational curricula especially in the field of architectural engineering and urban planning so as to cope with the theories and principles of sustainable architecture.
THE EFFECT OF SALINITY ON LIBYAN SOFT WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L AT GERMINATION STAGE
Authors: Ehtaiwesh Amal Faraj , Rashed Fatma Hossen 
Published: November 2020

Salinity is the major abiotic stress that reduces plant growth and productivity worldwide. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of salinity on seedling characters of soft wheat Triticum aestivum L genotypes and to define if responses varied among wheat genotypes. For that, 12 genotypes of wheat were evaluated for the salinity tolerance in artificially induced with NaCl at their germination and early seedling stage. Seeds were subjected to four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) and raised for eight days under optimum conditions to calculate the final germination percentage, speed of germination, mean daily germination, shoot and root length, and seedling fresh and dry weight. The response of genotypes were divers among the studied traits. At higher concentration of NaCl (100 and 150mM), speed of germination and mean daily germination were delayed and final germination percentage was decreased. At higher salinity level, significant decrease in shoots and roots length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor. Additionally, the study showed considerable variation in salinity tolerance among wheat genotypes for studied traits. The study concluded that there is a genetic variability among genotypes and that genotypes varied in their response to salinity stress and that genotypes Sabha, Salambo, Makkawi and Bushi were the most tolerant genotypes.
تقدير بعض المعادن الثقيلة في أنواع من التوابل المتوفرة بالأسواق المحلية بمنطقة وادي الشاطي جنوب ليبيا
Authors: إمريمي محمود عبد الله , عكاشة ميلاد موسى , الشريف محمد عبدالله 
Published: November 2020

في السنين الأخيرة ازداد الاهتمام بسلامة المنتجات الغذائية من الملوثات الضارة ، ومن هذه الملوثات تلوث الأغذية بالمعادن الثقيلة ، وتعد التوابل من المواد التي تضاف إلى الغذاء بغرض تحسين صفاته الحسية ، وقد تكون هذه التوابل بها بعض المعادن الضارة والبعض الآخر من المعادن إذا زاد تركيزها عن حدود معينة يسبب العديد من المشاكل الصحية للإنسان لهذا أجريت هذه الدراسة على بعض عينات من التوابل التي تباع في الأسواق في منطقة وادي الشاطي بجنوب ليبيا بغرض معرفة تركيزها من بعض المعادن الثقيلة وشملت التوابل التالية (الزنجبيل ، الكركم ، الكروية ، الفلفل الأكحل ، حبة البركة ، الفلفل الأحمر ، الكمون ، القرفة ، الكسبر) وأوضحت الدراسة تباين في تركيز المعادن في عينات التوابل حيث كان أعلى تركيز للحديد سجل في عينة الكروية 255 ملجم/كجم ، في حين كان التركيز الأعلى للزنك في عينة الكمون 78 ملجم/كجم ، أما الكادميوم فكان أعلى تركيز في عينة الكمون 3.2 ملجم/كجم ، بينما سجل أعلى تركيز للرصاص في عينة الكسبر 32 ملجم/كجم ، وكان أعلى تركيز للمنجنيز سجل في عينة الكسبر 76 ملجم/كجم ، وهناك بعض العينات تجاوزت الحد الأقصى المسموح بها طبقاً للمواصفات القياسية لمنظمة الصحة العالمية ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة.
أهمية تطبيق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـذاءﺀ في شركات الصناعات الغذائية (دراسة ميدانية على بعض شركات المنطقة الغربية)
Authors: قنبيج الهادي إمحمد , العقبي فاطمة عمار الهادي 
Published: November 2020

أجريت الدراسة على عدد 10 شركات للصناعات الغذائية في مناطق غرب ليبيا وكانت على التوالي شركة النسيم للصناعات الغذائية، شركة شيماء للصناعات الغذائية، شركة رهف للصناعات الغذائية، شركة اللبأ لمنتجات ألألبان شركة البستان للصناعات الغذائية في مدينة مصراتة، وشركة العالمية لصناعة الدقيق ، شركة صابرينا للمشروبات، مصنع الرباط التاريخي لتعليب الأسماك في مدينة صبراتة، وشركة لبدة للصناعات الغذائية في مدينة الخمس، وشركة الربيع الدائم للصناعات الغذائية و تعبئة المياه العادية و الغازية و المشروبات في مدينة صرمان، في الفترة من 15/03/2017 إلى 30/6/2017 , وقد تم اتباع المنهج الوصفي عن طريق الدراسة المكتبية والمنهج التحليلي عن طريق الدراسة الميدانية وتوزيع الاستبيانة لجمع البيانات. ومن خلال تحليل بيانات الاستبيانة توصلنا إلى النتائج التالية:-وجد الباحث أن 50%من العينة تطبق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـذاءﺀ بينما 50% الأخرى ليس لديها نظام جودة، و40%من الشركات التي تطبق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍء متحصله على شهادتي 9001ISO و 22000 ISO ونسبة 10% تتبع نظامHACCP، كما وجد أن 80% من الشركات التي كانت تطبق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍء لاحظت تغيير في طريقة إدارة العمل و20 % من الشركات لاحظت أن لتطبيقات الجودة تأثير كبير في خفض تكاليف الإنتاج في حين أن 40% منها كانت تأثيراتها متوسطة، بلغت التحسينات للشركات بعد تطبيق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍء نسبة 80% منها 60% من الشركات حقق مستوى جودة لمنتجاتها منافسا مثيلاتها من المنتجات المستوردة التي تحصلت على معايير جودة بدرجة كبيره، كما لوحظ أن تطبيق ﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴـﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐـﺫﺍء حقق تحسن في مستوى الأداء داخل الشركة بنسبة 100% وأثر في زيادة حصة الإنتاج في السوق ونسبة 80% من الأهداف المتوقع تحقيقها مستقبلا للمنافسة العالمية.
تقييم جودة بعض عصائر البرتقال بالسوق الليبي
Authors: خليفة عبد الباسط علي , الطاهر جمعة السيد , أبوصلوعة علي محمد , عبعوب علي ضو 
Published: November 2020

تضمن البحث دراسة لتقييم جودة بعض عصائر البرتقال المحلية والمستوردة في السوق الليبي وذلك بمطابقتها للمواصفات القياسية الليبية رقم 37 لسنة 2009م من ناحية تركيز بعض العناصر الكيميائية ونسبة الحموضة الكلية مقدرة بحمض الستريك اللامائي كذلك التحاليل الجرثومية و قياس نسبة المواد الصلبة الذائبة و الأس الهيدروجيني (PH). حيث تم إجراء التحاليل وأخذت العينات من داخل السوق الليبي لعدد 8 شركات مصنعة للعصائر منها 5 شركات محلية و3 شركات غير محلية.
تبين من خلال النتائج الكيميائية المتحصل عليها أن نسبة الحموضة الكلية المقدرة بحمض الستريك اللامائي في جميع العينات مطابقة للمواصفات القياسية الليبية. أما بالنسبة لنسبة المواد الصلبة الذائبة فكانت العينة رقم 8 تقدر نسبة المواد الذائبة فيها 6.4% التي تعد أقل من المعدل المطلوب للمواصفات الليبية التي يجب ألا تقل عن 12% بالوزن أما بالنسبة لقياس الأس الهيدروجيني PH فكانت جميع العينات ضمن الحد المسموح به باستثناء العينة رقم 8 فكانت 2.71 وهي أقل من الحد المسموح به للمواصفة التي تتراوح بين 3-4. أما بالنسبة لتحاليل العناصر الثقيلة وهي (الرصاص – الزرنيخ- كادميوم – الخارصين – النحاس) كانت جميع العينات ضمن الحد المسموح به باستثناء العينة رقم 8 فقد تجاوزت الحدود المسموح بها لعناصر الكادميوم والزرنيخ و الرصاص ، أما بالنسبة للتحاليل الميكروبية فتبين من خلال النتائج أن جميع العينات كانت خالية من E.coli ، Yeast bacteria . وعند الكشف عن العدد الكلي للبكتيريا تبين أن العينة رقم 3 يوجد بها تلوث بكتيري أي غير مطابقة للمواصفة القياسية الليبية رقم 37 .
FOOD ADDITIVES AND PRESERVATIVES AS SLOW POISONS
Authors: Abusaloua Dr. Ali , Mohamed Dr. Guma , Ali Eng. Abdulbassit , Zahmol Eng. Waleed 
Published: November 2020

Food additives are natural or synthetic substances that can be added to foodstuff in small amounts to perform technological functions, namely color, sweetness, nutrients, or to extend shelf life. Due to Food processing technology revolution for all kinds of foods, additives and preservatives that are being added in food processing are increased.
Food additives toxicology appear in a long term combined effect, where a cumulative effect of their hazards as "Slow Poisons" will increase the risk possibility of disease or premature of death. These slow poisons have been accumulated in our body since birth and are embedded in every cell structure and organ and disrupt the natural chemistry of your body. This paper has been reported that chemicals which are used as preservatives or additives have many side effects. The reaction of preservatives and additives can be very danger over time as slow poisons, to mild effect life threatening. It is best to eat a preservative-free diet if at all possible.