bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time- and energy-resolved effects in the boron-10 based multi-grid and helium-3 based thermal neutron detectors
Authors: Backis A , Khaplanov A , Al Jebali R , Ammer R , Apostolidis I , Birch J , Lai C C , Deen P P , Etxegarai M , de Ruette N , Freita Ramos J , Förster D F , Haettner E , Hall-Wilton R , Hamilton D , Höglund C , Kadletz P M , Kanaki K , Karnickis E , Kirstein O , Kolya S , Kraujalyte Z , Laloni A , Livingston K , Löhman O , Maulerova V , Mauritzon N , Müller F , Lopez Higuera I , Richter T , Robinson L , Roth R , Shetty M , Taylor J , Woracek R , Xiong W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The boron-10 based multi-grid detector is being developed as an alternative to helium-3 based neutron detectors. At the European Spallation Source, the detector will be used for time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy at cold to thermal neutron energies. The objective of this work is to investigate fine time- and energy-resolved effects of the Multi-Grid detector, down to a few µeV, while comparing it to the performance of a typical helium-3 tube. Furthermore, it is to characterize differences between the detector technologies in terms of internal scattering, as well as the time reconstruction of ∼ µs short neutron pulses. The data were taken at the Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, where the Multi-Grid detector and a helium-3 tube were installed at the ESS test beamline, V20. Using a Fermi-chopper, the neutron beam of the reactor was chopped into a few tens of µs wide pulses before reaching the detector, located a few tens of cm downstream. The data of the measurements show an agreement between the derived and calculated neutron detection efficiency curve. The data also provide fine details on the effect of internal scattering, and how it can be reduced. For the first time, the chopper resolution was comparable to the timing resolution of the Multi-Grid detector. This allowed a detailed study of time- and energy resolved effects, as well as a comparison with a typical helium-3 tube.
A thermographic data augmentation and signal separation method for defect detection
Authors: Liu Kaixin , Tang Yuwei , Lou Weiyao , Liu Yi , Yang Jianguo , Yao Yuan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Non-destructive testing is a popular technique for defect assessment of composite materials, where machine learning models become more important in its data analysis. Nevertheless, deep learning, which has achieved state-of-the-art results in many tasks, has received less attention in this field. Herein, a generative independent component (IC) thermography method is proposed. In detail, a generative adversarial network is implemented for image augmentation, which generates fake thermal images that mimic the patterns of real measurements. In doing this, the sample size is enlarged and the defect information contained in the images is enriched. Then, both the real and fake thermal images are decomposed by IC analysis, which separates the defect signals represented by non-Gaussian sources and the non-uniform backgrounds caused by uneven heating. Consequently, the defect detection results are improved. The performance of the proposed method on a polymer composite specimen demonstrates its effectiveness.
A comparative study on the dielectric response and microwave absorption performance of FeNi-capped carbon nanotubes and FeNi-cored carbon nanoparticles
Authors: Kuang Daitao , Wang Shiliang , Hou Lizhen , Luo Heng , Deng Lianwen , Chen Chuansheng , Song Min , Mead James L , Huang Han 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for the dielectric response of C-based microwave absorbers remain a long-standing theoretical question. Uncovering these mechanisms is critical to enhance their microwave absorption performance. To determine how different C forms alter the dielectric response of C-based absorbers, FeNi-capped carbon nanotubes (FeNi-CNTs) and FeNi–cored carbon nanoparticles (FeNi-CNPs) are synthesized, and a comparative study of their dielectric responses is then carried out in this study. The as-synthesized FeNi-CNTs and FeNi-CNPs have similar magnetic properties and complex permeabilities, but differ in complex permittivities. It is shown that FeNi-CNTs have a much stronger dielectric loss than FeNi-CNPs. At a thickness of 2.8 mm, a low optimal reflection loss of −32.2 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 8.0 GHz are achieved for FeNi-CNTs. Meanwhile, equivalent circuit models reveal that the CNT network of the FeNi-CNTs could introduce an electrical inductance that can effectively improve its dielectric loss capability. This study demonstrates that designing a composite with a tailored C form and composition is a successful strategy for tuning its microwave absorption performance. Furthermore, the equivalent circuit modeling is an effective tool for analyzing the dielectric response of the microwave absorbers, as is expected to be applicable for other metal-C composites.
Rapidly-convergent flux-surface shape parameterization
Authors: Arbon R , Candy J , Belli E A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We propose a novel flux-surface parameterization suitable for local MHD equilibrium calculations with strongly-shaped flux surfaces. The method is based on a systematic expansion in a small number of intuitive shape parameters, and reduces to the well-known Miller D-shaped parameterization in the limit where some of the coefficients are set to zero. The new parameterization is valid for up-down asymmetric plasmas and provides an improvement to the Miller form. Simultaneously, the method is rapidly convergent and requires only about half the number of shape parameters as a general Fourier representation in the pedestal.
Current structure in the scrape-off layer of a tokamak in a quiescent state
Authors: Rozhansky V , Kaveeva E , Senichenkov I , Sorokina D , Vekshina E , Coster D , McCarthy P , Khromov N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Current structure in the scrape-off layer (SOL) of a tokamak is analyzed. It is demonstrated that poloidal currents measured in the experiments are a combination of several current types with different physical nature. Besides the known Pfirsch–Schlüter currents and thermoelectric currents, so-called plate closing currents flowing to/from the divertor plates are also analyzed. The latter close radial currents in the SOL and below/above the X-point in the SOL and private flux region (PFR). In particular, the current flowing to the outer plate in the PFR, opposite to the thermoelectric current, is predicted for the standard single-null configuration and favorable direction of

∇
B

drift. In addition, a pair of currents should flow to and away from the outer plate. In the single-null configuration, they are often masked by a larger thermoelectric current. However, for the connected double null (CDN) case, where the thermoelectric current is strongly reduced due to smaller temperature asymmetry, these currents dominate. The suggested physical model is supported by the results of simulations performed with the SOLPS-ITER transport code. Simulations were done for ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), L- and H-modes, single-null configurations, and for Globus-M H-mode, both disconnected and CDN configurations. Results of the simulations are compared with probe measurements for AUG and Globus-M tokamaks, and reasonable agreement has been found. The role of parallel currents in the formation of the potential maximum/minimum in the vicinity of the X-point for strongly detached regimes is also analyzed.
Delamination imaging in laminated composite plates using 2D wavelet analysis of guided wavefields
Authors: Sha Ganggang , Radzienski Maciej , Soman Rohan , Wandowski Tomasz , Cao Maosen , Ostachowicz Wieslaw 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Delamination is a type of damage frequently occurring in laminated composite plates. Delamination detection is crucial to ensure structural integrity and safety. This paper presents a delamination imaging algorithm based on the space-wavenumber analysis of guided wavefields using two-dimensional (2D) continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The premise of this algorithm is that delaminations in a structure will alter wavenumbers in the delamination regions. The state of the art uses the short-space Fourier transform (SSFT) for local wavenumber analysis in order to capture these wavenumber alterations. However, window size in local wavenumber analysis using SSFT needs to be determined according to the wavelength in the delamination regions, which is not known a priori. Moreover, window size in SSFT is fixed and cannot adapt to the wavenumber alterations in varying damage scenarios. To address these disadvantages, the 2D CWT is introduced to analyze the guided wavefield data in the space-wavenumber domain leading to 2D CWT-wavefields. The wavenumber alterations induced by delaminations are well isolated in the 2D CWT-wavefields at fine scales. Window size in wavelet analysis is flexibly adapted to guided wavefields from varying damage cases by adjusting wavelet scale factor that is seen as the pseudo-wavenumber. A final damage map is developed by fusing the 2D CWT-wavefield images. The algorithm is successfully used in detecting multiple delaminations in a GFRP plate with the accurate location, size, and shape of each delamination clearly visualized in the final damage map.
Hybrid behavior of a two-dimensional Noguchi nonlinear electrical network
Authors: PELAP François Beceau , NDECFO Jean Emac , DEFFO Guy Roger 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, the propagation of modulated waves in a nonlinear two-dimensional discrete electrical line is studied. Based on the linear dispersive law, we demonstrate that the network can adopt Hybrid’s behavior due to the fact that, without changing its appearance structure or its parameters values, it can become alternatively, a purely right-handed line, a purely left-handed line or a composite right-left-handed line depending on coupling transverse parameters

L

2

,

C

2

and

k

2

.

Using the reductive perturbation method, a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation governing the dynamics of the small amplitude signals in the network is derived and the impact of the above transverse parameters on the sign of the product of their coefficients is examined. Likewise, backward and forward solitary wave propagations in the system is predicted and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The effects of relevant transverse network parameters on the characteristic parameters of these waves are investigated. We find out that these transverse parameters considerably affect the characteristics and the nature of the waves that are propagated throughout the system.
Laser diagnostics of atomization and combustion of kerosene in a model combustion chamber
Authors: Chelebyan O G , Vasiliev A Yu , Sviridenkov A A , Loginova A A , Kobtsev V D , Kozlov D N , Kostritsa S А , Smirnov V V , Fabelinsky V I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The experimental results are presented of implementation of a built-up laser-based diagnostic system at a test rig for investigations of the flame tube heads of aircraft gas turbine engines, both existing and being under development. At this test rig the processes of liquid fuel atomization and mixing with air by flame tube heads of model combustion chambers equipped with newly-developed atomizers, and of combustion of the fuel–air mixture formed in the flow have been studied. These studies enable development and optimization of advanced low-emission engines satisfying the established environmental requirements for the levels of polluting species in the exhaust gases. By using the particle shadow velocimetry technique with a pair of 10 μs delayed 5 ns laser pulses the transverse spatial distributions of average kerosene droplet dimensions, the axial components of their average velocity, and of the average volume flux of the fuel have been measured in the mixture flow axial cross-section. By employing coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering with 10 ns pump laser pulses at 10 Hz repetition rate during combustion of the produced kerosene–air mixture the statistical characteristics of local ‘instantaneous’ gas temperature fluctuations in the flame, slow variations of these temperatures in time during the combustion process, and transverse distributions of average temperatures in the flame axial cross-section have been measured.
Pulse-amplitude equalization in the monotonic region of the modulator of a rational-harmonically mode-locked fiber ring laser
Authors: Moon Byunghyuck , Kim Yong Soo , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Lee Ju Han , Jhon Young Min 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate characteristics of the modulator and classify the modulation regions to study pulse-amplitude equalization (PAE) of a rational-harmonically mode-locked fiber ring laser pulses. PAE was accomplished experimentally in a polarization-maintaining laser resonator simply by optimizing the modulator driving power without any additional devices, and stable pulse-amplitude-equalized pulses were obtained in the monotonic region of the modulator at repetition rates of 20 GH, 30 GH, and 40 GH.
Elimination of the zeroth order for four-port power separation by T-ridge metamaterial
Authors: Fu Chen , Wang Bo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we describe a transmissive grating that eliminates the zeroth order, based on a T-ridged grating structure. The transmission efficiency of the zeroth order under transverse-electric polarization is 0.19%, and the diffraction efficiencies are 22.17% and 21.77% for the ±first and ±second orders, respectively. The transmission efficiency of the zeroth order under transverse-magnetic polarization is 0.11%, and the diffraction efficiencies are 24.12% and 21.93% for the ±first and ±second orders, respectively. In addition, a normalized electric-field diagram is obtained using a finite-element method and the physical mechanism inside the grating is comprehensively analyzed. The diffraction efficiency of each order is calculated for fluctuating values of the wavelength, period and duty cycle and optimized grating parameters. It is concluded that the grating has good tolerance and stability. The analytical results show that the T-ridged four-port grating has good development prospects in the laser field.
Precision measurement of single-electron current with quantized Hall array resistance and Josephson voltage
Authors: Bae Myung-Ho , Chae Dong-Hun , Kim Mun-Seog , Kim Bum-Kyu , Park Suk-In , Song Jindong , Oe Takehiko , Kaneko Nobu-Hisa , Kim Nam , Kim Wan-Seop 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A single electron pump was incorporated with a quantum Hall resistance and a Josephson voltage for the current evaluation in the framework of Ohm’s law. The pump current of about 60 pA level was amplified by a stable amplifier with a gain of 103 to induce a Hall voltage of about 60 mV level across a 1 MΩ Hall resistance array, which was compared with the Josephson voltage. The gain of the current amplifier was calibrated with a cryogenic current comparator bridge. For two different drive frequencies and repeated thermal cycles, the comparisons demonstrated that the pump current averaged over the first plateau was equal to ef within the combined uncertainty level of 0.3 × 10−6 (k = 1).
Hybrid deep-learning architecture for general disruption prediction across multiple tokamaks
Authors: Zhu J.X. , Rea C. , Montes K. , Granetz R.S. , Sweeney R. , Tinguely R.A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present a new deep-learning disruption-prediction algorithm based on important findings from explorative data analysis which effectively allows knowledge transfer from existing devices to new ones, thereby predicting disruptions using very limited disruption data from the new devices. The explorative data analysis, conducted via unsupervised clustering techniques confirms that time-sequence data are much better separators of disruptive and non-disruptive behavior than the instantaneous plasma-state data, with further advantageous implications for a sequence-based predictor. Based on such important findings, we have designed a new algorithm for multi-machine disruption prediction that achieves high predictive accuracy for the C-Mod (AUC = 0.801), DIII-D (AUC = 0.947) and EAST (AUC = 0.973) tokamaks with limited hyperparameter tuning. Through numerical experiments, we show that a boosted accuracy (AUC = 0.959) is achieved for the EAST predictions by including only 20 disruptive discharges with thousands of non-disruptive discharges from EAST in the training,
combined
with more than a thousand discharges from DIII-D and C-Mod. The improvement in the predictive ability obtained by combining disruption data from other devices is found to be true for all permutations of the three devices. Furthermore, by comparing the predictive performance of each individual numerical experiment, we find that non-disruption data are machine-specific, while disruption data from multiple devices contain device-independent knowledge that can be used to inform predictions for disruptions occurring in a new device.
A dynamical mean-field theory for learning in restricted Boltzmann machines
Authors: Çakmak Burak , Opper Manfred 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We define a message-passing algorithm for computing magnetizations in restricted Boltzmann machines, which are Ising models on bipartite graphs introduced as neural network models for probability distributions over spin configurations. To model nontrivial statistical dependencies between the spins’ couplings, we assume that the rectangular coupling matrix is drawn from an arbitrary bi-rotation invariant random matrix ensemble. Using the dynamical functional method of statistical mechanics we exactly analyze the dynamics of the algorithm in the large system limit. We prove the global convergence of the algorithm under a stability criterion and compute asymptotic convergence rates showing excellent agreement with numerical simulations.
Research on Optimization of Teaching Mode of Energy and Power Engineering Major Based on ”MOOC + Flipped Classroom” under the Network Technology
Authors: Ma Chuan , Liu Xiaoyan , Liu Lijun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There are still many problems in the current network teaching practice of energy and power engineering, which need to be innovated. The new teaching mode based on “MOOC + flipped classroom” is helpful to change the disadvantages of traditional teaching mode and improve students’ application ability. This paper first introduces the teaching mode of “MOOC + flipped classroom”, then analyzes the problems existing in the construction of network courses of energy and power engineering major in colleges and finally gives a new teaching mode design based on “MOOC + flipped classroom” under the network technology.
The modification and Application of Existing Empirical Formula for Predicting Water Inflow Considering the Space of Caverns
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhang Qinghe , Li Ning 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The prediction of water inflow in cavern is significant for underground engineering, as the inflow has important influence on construction and drainage system. At present, the empirical formulas for predicting inflow are usually based on a single cavern, but the influence of nearby caverns is not taken into account. In order to consider the influence of spacing and radius on water inflow, the inflow in an underground crude oil storage cavern is analyzed by numerical analysis in this paper. The results show that when the s/r < 20, the spacing has great influence on the inflow; when 20<s/r<60, it has some effect on the inflow; and when s/r>60, it almost has no effect on the inflow (s and r represent spacing between caverns and radius). Based on numerical analysis, empirical formulas for predicting water inflow are modified, and the new formula is proposed considering the influence of the spacing. Finally, field data show that the new formula is more suitable for predicting inflow.
Stability Analysis of Flow Control Valve
Authors: Mei Junhua , Liu Wenbin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The speed regulating valve is used to control the motion speed of the executive components of the hydraulic system by regulating flow rate for accomplishing the uniform and stable motion. The valve is a combined flow valve by two valves in series, one is a constant differential pressure reducing valve, and the other is a throttle valve. The pressure reducing valve automatically compensates the influence of load, and the pressure is always kept constant. However, it does not change and eliminates the influence of load change on flow, but this flow stability range of the flow control valve is limited, that is, there is a limit to pressure change on the inlet and outlet. This paper introduces the structure principle and flow stability analysis of the flow control valve.
The Simultaneous Determination of Six Components in Zadi-5 Powder by One Test and Multiple Evaluation Methods
Authors: Gao Ling , Lu Ping , Kong Weixue 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Establish a one-test multi-evaluation method for simultaneous determination of piperine, Costunolide, Dehydrocostus Lactone, dehydrodiisoeugenol, Alantolactone and Isoalantolactone. Method: The drug was extracted with 70% ethanol, using Diamonsil C18 column (4.6mm × 250mm, 5μm), using acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid as mobile phase, gradient elution, flow rate 1.0mL / min; column temperature 30 °C, detection Wavelength 220nm, 343nm. Using Alantolactone as the internal standard, the relative correction factors of the other five components were calculated to determine their content. Results: The six components have a good linear relationship (r> 0.9990) in their respective ranges, and the method precision and accuracy are good. The result of one test and multiple evaluation method for the content of each component in the three batches of samples is close to the standard curve method (RE≤2.23%). Conclusion: This method is accurate, reliable, simple and fast, and can be used for the quality control of Zadi-5 powder.
The Mechanism of Supramolecular Platinum Drugs Acting on Tumor or Tissue
Authors: Qiao Jing , Yuan Xuanju , Zhao Lijun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors are increasing, and the incidence trend is younger. With the continuous development and application of chemotherapy drugs, chemotherapy has become one of the important means to treat tumors. Platinum drugs are the most commonly used non-specific anti-tumor drugs in the clinical treatment. Cisplatin (CCP) used in this study is a new platinum complex with supramolecular structure synthesized in China, aiming to investigate the effect of CCP on gastrointestinal tumors. The inhibitory effects of carboplatin and cisplatin on hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colon cancer and embryonic lung fibroblast pancreatic cancer were determined by cell culture (IC50). The results showed that CCP and carboplatin (CBP) had significant inhibitory effects on liver cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer and embryonic lung fibroblast pancreatic cancer, and the inhibitory effects were concentration-dependent. The IC50 value of CCP for liver cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer and embryonic lung fibroblast pancreatic cancer was significantly lower than that of CBP(P<0.05), which was about 1/3∼1/2 of the IC50 value of carboplatin. Meanwhile, the IC50 value of CBP and CCP for embryonic lung fibroblast pancreatic cancer was both more than 240ml/L. It indicates that the supramolecular platinum drugs CCP have a significant inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal tumors, which is stronger than the clinical effect of CBP.