bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab for Polyarticular‐Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in the Open‐Label Two‐Year Extension of a Phase III Trial
Authors: Brunner Hermine I. , Ruperto Nicolino , Zuber Zbigniew , Cuttica Rubén , Keltsev Vladimir , Xavier Ricardo M. , Burgos‐Vargas Ruben , Penades Inmaculada Calvo , Silverman Earl D. , Espada Graciela , Zavaler Manuel Ferrandiz , Kimura Yukiko , Duarte Carolina , Job‐Deslandre Chantal , Joos Rik , Douglass Wendy , Wimalasundera Sunethra , Bharucha Kamal N. , Wells Chris , Lovell Daniel J. , Martini Alberto , de Benedetti Fabrizio ,   for the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) and the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group (PRCSG)
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo report the 2‐year efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with polyarticular‐course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsPatients ages 2–17 years with active polyarticular‐course JIA, in whom treatment with methotrexate was unsuccessful, received 16 weeks of open‐label intravenous TCZ in part 1 (once every 4 weeks: 8 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg for body weight [BW] <30 kg; 8 mg/kg for BW ≥30 kg). Assessments were based on the JIA–American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response (defined as percentage of improvement in ≥3 of the 6 JIA core response variables [CRVs]). Patients with at least a JIA‐ACR30 response (defined as ≥30% improvement in ≥3 of the 6 JIA CRVs without worsening in >1 of the remaining JIA CRVs by >30%) at week 16 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive TCZ or placebo in part 2. Patients remained in part 2 until either week 40 or the occurrence of JIA flare. Upon starting part 3, all patients received open‐label TCZ. At week 104 of the study, efficacy was assessed using JIA‐ACR50/70/90 response rates (defined as 50%, 70%, or 90% improvement, respectively), achievement of inactive disease, and the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score in 71 joints (JADAS‐71). Safety was assessed in the all‐exposure population per 100 patient‐years of exposure.ResultsOverall, 188 patients entered part 1, 166 patients entered part 2, and 160 patients entered part 3. By week 104, among the 188 patients in the modified intent‐to‐treat group who received TCZ, JIA‐ACR50/70/90 response rates were 80.3%/77.1%/59.6%, respectively, the median JADAS‐71 score decreased from 3.6 at week 40 to 0.7 at week 104, 51.1% of patients had achieved inactive disease, and 31 of 66 patients who had been receiving glucocorticoids discontinued them. Adverse event (AE) and serious AE rates were 406.5 per 100 patient‐years and 11.1 per 100 patient‐years, respectively. The infection rate was 151.4 per 100 patient‐years, and the serious infection rate was 5.2 per 100 patient‐years.ConclusionPatients treated with TCZ for polyarticular‐course JIA showed high‐level disease control for up to 2 years. The TCZ safety profile was consistent with that previously reported.
Asymptotic Expansions of Solutions of the Yamabe Equation and the σk‐Yamabe Equation near Isolated Singular Points
Authors: Han Qing , Li Xiaoxiao , Li Yichao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study asymptotic behaviors of positive solutions to the Yamabe equation and the σk‐Yamabe equation near isolated singular points and establish expansions up to arbitrary orders. Such results generalize an earlier pioneering work by Caffarelli, Gidas, and Spruck and a work by Korevaar, Mazzeo, Pacard, and Schoen on the Yamabe equation and a work by Han, Li, and Teixeira on the σk‐Yamabe equation. The study is based on a combination of classification of global singular solutions and an analysis of linearized operators at these global singular solutions. Such linearized equations are uniformly elliptic near singular points for 1 ≤ k ≤ n/2 and become degenerate for n/2 < k ≤ n. In a significant portion of the paper, we establish a degree 1 expansion for the σk‐Yamabe equation for n/2 < k < n, generalizing a similar result for k = 1 by Korevaar, Mazzeo, Pacard, and Schoen and for 2 ≤ k ≤ n/2 by Han, Li, and Teixeira. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Informed, involved, or empowered? Three ideal types of autism policy design in Western Europe
Authors: Precious Kate 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGovernments which design policies to empower marginalized groups contribute to reducing the democratic deficit in public policy and improve their efficacy, efficiency, and democratic credentials. This article uses fuzzy set ideal type analysis to propose three ideal types of policy design for political empowerment, according to whether the government views the target group as capable only of being Informed by experts, or of being Involved in policy, or even Empowered to co‐govern. An analysis of Western European autism policy illustrates and confirms the usefulness of the ideal types. England, Wales, and Denmark emerge as countries where governments have the highest expectations for political empowerment. Surprisingly, traditional disability policy groupings seem not to apply, with the UK split across Empowered and Involved, while Spain leaves its Informed Southern European counterparts to join the Involved cohort. This paper is a timely reminder of the importance of lived experience as a policy resource lived experience as a policy resource.
Naming matters: Inheritance, land, and reproductive labor in rural Tanzania
Authors: Fredlund Jessie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article examines changes in two types of inheritance in Mkuyuni, a farming community in east central Tanzania. The first is the inheritance of farmland, which has undergone a shift from matrilineal to patrilineal patterns. The second is the inheritance of ancestral names, which are increasingly being refused by male heirs. Viewing inheritance as a site of struggle over questions of social reproduction, this article argues that Tanzanian socialism, despite an avowed commitment to gender equality, failed to account for the complexity of social reproduction in its land policies. The article suggests that socialist and collectivist projects must directly grapple with questions of social reproduction and reproductive labor. It also argues for a more robust and broad definition of reproductive labor and for a deeper exploration of the role of ritual and religion in processes of social reproduction.
A high‐order accurate explicit time integration method based on cubic b‐spline interpolation and weighted residual technique for structural dynamics
Authors: Wen Weibin , Deng Shanyao , Duan Shengyu , Fang Daining 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel explicit time integration method is proposed on the basis of cubic b‐spline interpolation and weighted residual method. Its calculation formulation and procedure are presented. Accuracy, algorithmic damping, and period elongation are theoretically and numerically solved. The influence of two algorithmic parameters on basic properties of the proposed method is studied to obtain optimal parameters values for dynamic problems. Various linear and nonlinear dynamic problems are tested to demonstrate high efficiency of the proposed method.
The effect of prostaglandin and gonadotrophins (GnRH and hCG) injection combined with the ram effect on progesterone concentrations and reproductive performance of Karakul ewes during the non‐breeding season
Authors: Ayaseh Mohammad , Mirzaei Abdolah , Boostani Alidad , Mehrvarz Mansur 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effect of prostaglandin and gonadotrophins (GnRH and hCG) combined with the ram effect on the progesterone (P4) concentrations and reproductive performance of Karakul ewes was investigated during non‐breeding season. Ewes (n = 93) received a male effect and were divided into two treatment groups including GnRH ‐ hCG (hCG, n = 32), GnRH ‐ GnRH (GnRH, n = 30) and a control (n = 31) group. This study was carried out from April (hormonal injection) to October (lambing). The first doses of GnRH (4.2 μg, Buserelin) were injected at the beginning of the study in treatment groups. These ewes were treated with hCG (250 IU) or the second GnRH dose five days later. All animals received two injections (ten days apart) of 150 μg PGF2α five days after the hCG or the second GnRH injection. Mating was initiated two days after the second prostaglandin injection and lasted for 34 days. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture on days −10, −5, 0 (first PGF2α injection), 17 and 30 during the study. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed through transabdominal ultrasonography on day 40 after the removing of ram. Conception rate was 93.8, 90 and 87.1% in the hCG, GnRH and control groups, respectively. Lambing rate tended to increase in the hCG group compared with the control group (87.1 versus 58.1%; p < .1). There was no significant difference in P4 concentrations among studied groups in identical sampling times (p > .05). In conclusion, the administration of prostaglandin and hCG in combination with the ram effect tended to decrease lambing period. In other words this protocol tended to increase lambing rate at the first cycle. Treatment with hCG or GnRH did not increase serum P4 concentrations of treated Karakul ewes during the non‐breeding season.
Steiner Loops of Affine Type
Authors: Falcone Giovanni , Figula Ágota , Hannusch Carolin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSteiner loops of affine type are associated to arbitrary Steiner triple systems. They behave to elementary abelian 3-groups as arbitrary Steiner Triple Systems behave to affine geometries over $${\mathrm {GF}}(3)$$

GF
(
3
)

. We investigate algebraic and geometric properties of these loops often in connection to configurations. Steiner loops of affine type, as extensions of normal subloops by factor loops, are studied. We prove that the multiplication group of every Steiner loop of affine type with n elements is contained in the alternating group $$A_n$$

A
n

and we give conditions for those loops having $$A_n$$

A
n

as their multiplication groups (and hence for the loops being simple).
Two isothermal challenges yield comparable physiological and subjective responses
Authors: Klous L. , Psikuta A. , Gijsbertse K. , Mol D. , van Schaik M. , Daanen H. A. M. , Kingma B. R. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeVentilated vests are developed to reduce thermal stress by enhancing convective and evaporative cooling from skin tissue underneath the vest. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether thermal stress is equal when a ventilated vest is worn compared to a no-vest situation with similar dry thermal resistance.MethodsNine healthy males walked on a treadmill (7 km h−1) for 45 min in a desert climate (34 °C, 20% relative humidity) with and without ventilated vest. Gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi), heart rate (HR), and skin temperature (Tsk) were continuously monitored. Local sweat rate (LSR) was assessed two times on six skin locations. Subjective ratings were assessed every 10 min.ResultsFinalTgi(37.6 ± 0.1 °C for vest and 37.6 ± 0.1 °C for no-vest), HR (133 ± 7 bpm and 133 ± 9 bpm) and mean Tsk(34.8 ± 0.7 °C and 34.9 ± 0.6 °C) were not different between conditions (p ≥ 0.163). Scapula skin temperature (Tscapula) under the vest tended to be lower (baseline to final: ΔTscapula = 0.35 ± 0.37 °C) than without vest (ΔTscapula = 0.74 ± 0.62 °C,p = 0.096). LSR at locations outside the vest did not differ with and without vest (p ≥ 0.271). Likewise, subjective responses did not differ between conditions (χ2 ≥ 0.143).ConclusionsWe conclude that two systems with similar dry thermal resistance and, therefore, similar required evaporation, resulted in similar thermal stress during paced walking in a hot-dry environment. Local ventilation did not alter the sweating response on locations outside the vest.
The impact of 3D-printed LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 on L929 cells and human oral fibroblasts
Authors: Oberoi Gunpreet , Nitsch Sophie , Janjić Klara , Shokoohi-Tabrizi Hassan , Moritz Andreas , Moscato Francesco , Unger Ewald , Agis Hermann 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
LAY-FOMM is a promising material for FDA-approved Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) applications in drug delivery. Here we investigated the impact on oral cells.

Materials and methods
We evaluated the impact of 3D-printed LAY-FOMM 40, LAY-FOMM 60, and biocompatible polylactic acid (PLA) on the activity of murine L929 cells, gingival fibroblasts (GF), and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) using indirect (samples on cells), direct monolayer culture models (cells on samples), and direct spheroid cultures with resazurin-based toxicity assay, confirmed by MTT and Live-dead staining. The surface topography was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy.

Results
The materials LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 led to a reduction in resazurin conversion in L929 cells, GF, and PDLF, higher than the impact of PLA in indirect and direct culture models. Fewer vital cells were found in the presence of LAY-FOMM 40 and 60 than PLA, in the staining in both models. In the direct model, LAY-FOMM 40 and PLA showed less impact on viability in the resazurin-based toxicity assay than in the indirect model. Spheroid microtissues showed a reduction of cell activity of GF and PDLF with LAY-FOMM 40 and 60.

Conclusion
Overall, we found that LAY-FOMM 40 and LAY-FOMM 60 can reduce the activity of L292 and oral cells. Based on the results from the PLA samples, the direct model seems more reliable than the indirect model.

Clinical relevance
A material modification is desired in terms of biocompatibility as it can mask the effect of drugs and interfere with the function of the 3D-printed device.
Towards a dTDLAS-Based Spectrometer for Absolute HCl Measurements in Combustion Flue Gases and a Better Evaluation of Thermal Boundary Layer Effects
Authors: Qu Zhechao , Nwaboh Javis , Werhahn Olav , Ebert Volker 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work presents a mid-IR direct tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (dTDLAS)-based HCl spectrometer, which is specially designed and optimized to measure HCl concentration in combustion exhaust gas matrices (i.e. elevated gas temperatures, high water vapour and CO2 contents). The work is motivated by (legal) requirements for monitoring combustion emissions from large-scale power stations or biomass burning domestic boilers. In our novel dTDLAS HCl spectrometer we use a low power room temperature mid-IR ICL diode laser to access the HCl P5 line at 2775.76 cm−1 in the 1-0 vibrational band which was especially selected for gas matrixes with high CO2 and H2O admixtures. With this set-up we demonstrate at 77 cm path length, total pressure from 320 hPa to 954 hPa, room temperature and at 110 s of signal averaging an optimal precision of 0.17 µmol/mol (ppm). Gas monitoring in combustion applications and elevated gas temperatures are prone to systematic errors caused by spectroscopic falsifications in colder gas boundary layers (BL) unavoidable in the high temperature gas ducts. These BL lead, e.g. to temperature, matrix composition or target gas concentration gradients near walls, which also influence the spectroscopic raw signal via their temperature and collision partner dependence. Depending on the chosen spectral line these can cause significant systematic deviations in in-situ, line-of-sight (LOS) laser spectrometers. For an improved understanding of the quantitative effects of thermal BL on our LOS HCl dTDLAS spectrometer and better representing real BL, we expanded our spectroscopic BL simulation model to allow for continuous (linear) instead of the previous stepwise changes. From the new simulation results, we deduce systematic relative deviations in the extracted HCl-concentration to be up to 10% depending on the magnitude of the BL changes and the choice of the “representative” single temperature measurement. With this simulation model, a user can now derive the system’s systematic deviation based on assumptions on the present temperature gradients. The model also helps the user to choose the gas temperature measurement location in his process, in order to minimize the spatial heterogeneity effects.
Reduction in thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of indium and tellurium co-doped bismuth selenide thermoelectric system
Authors: Hegde Ganesh Shridhar , Prabhu A. N. , Huang R. Y. , Kuo Y. K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolycrystalline samples of (Bi1-xInx)2Se2.7Te0.3 (x = 0.00, 0.02, and 0.04) were prepared by the solid-state reaction technique. X-ray diffraction pattern confirms that the polycrystalline samples have a hexagonal structure with spacegroup R$$\stackrel{-}{3}$$

3
-

m. The surface morphologic study reveals the existence of porous behavior in the studied samples due to the volatilization of Selenium. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis validates the expected and observed elemental composition of the samples. Electrical resistivity has shown metallic behavior. Hall effect and Seebeck coefficient measurements indicate the p-type and n-type conduction for the pristine sample Bi2Se3 and the (Bi1-xInx)2Se2.7Te0.3 samples, respectively. The thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity were found to reduce by 7.5 and 9 times, respectively, for (Bi0.96In0.04)2Se2.7Te0.3 compared to the pristine sample Bi2Se3.
Inverse spectral decomposition using an lp-norm constraint for the detection of close geological anomalies
Authors: Yuan San-Yi , Yang Shan , Wang Tie-Yi , Qi Jie , Wang Shang-Xu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn important application of spectral decomposition (SD) is to identify subsurface geological anomalies such as channels and karst caves, which may be buried in full-band seismic data. However, the classical SD methods including the wavelet transform (WT) are often limited by relatively low time–frequency resolution, which is responsible for false high horizon-associated space resolution probably indicating more geological structures, especially when close geological anomalies exist. To address this issue, we impose a constraint of minimizing an lp (0 < p < 1) norm of time–frequency spectral coefficients on the misfit derived by using the inverse WT and apply the generalized iterated shrinkage algorithm to invert for the optimal coefficients. Compared with the WT and inverse SD (ISD) using a typical l1-norm constraint, the modified ISD (MISD) using an lp-norm constraint can yield a more compact spectrum contributing to detect the distributions of close geological features. We design a 3D synthetic dataset involving frequency-close thin geological anomalies and the other 3D non-stationary dataset involving time-close anomalies to demonstrate the effectiveness of MISD. The application of 4D spectrum on a 3D real dataset with an area of approximately 230 km2 illustrates its potential for detecting deep channels and the karst slope fracture zone.
Fluidity and diversity of Japanese communities in London
Authors: Miyake Kazuko , Iwasaki Noriko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the reality of ‘Japanese communities’ in London and the interrelation between language and identity.
First, we trace the history of the Japanese community to around the beginning of the Meiji Era (1868–1912), when Japan emerged from national
isolation. We then focus on one of the ‘communities’ established around the start of the 21st century by work-related and independent
relocation. We present the life stories of two women who independently resided in London and shed light on the fluid nature of language
maintenance and negotiation of identities. Through the close analysis of these personal experiences, we elucidate the complex reality of
individuals who may be otherwise collectively understood as members of Japanese communities. These stories highlight the heterogeneity of
the Japanese individuals in London, and therefore lead us to question the discursively constructed images of the ‘Japanese communities’- and
the nature and importance of ‘language maintenance’.
The dynamics of contacts and multilingual practices in the Chinese community in Britain
Authors: Li Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article revisits the application of Social Network Analysis to the study of language maintenance and language shift in the Chinese community in Britain. An approach that focuses more on individual variations, including variable behaviours by the same speaker in different contexts, is proposed. The approach is illustrated with new data from Chinese-speaking families in London. The role of the social media in language maintenance and language shift, and in promoting multilingual practices is explored.
The transcriptomic response of a wine strain ofLachancea thermotoleransto oxygen deprivation
Authors: Shekhawat Kirti , Bauer Florian F , Setati Mathabatha E 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe yeast Lachancea thermotolerans is of significant biotechnological interest, and selected strains of this species have become commonly used starter cultures in wine fermentation. However, the impact of this species on wine is frequently limited by the rapid dominance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains which are better adapted to wine alcoholic fermentation conditions. Previous studies have shown that the major limiting factor for L. thermotolerans competitive performance in the wine ecosystem is oxygen availability, and not ethanol levels as had been previously suggested. Here we investigated the transcriptional response of L. thermotolerans to anaerobiosis in wine fermentation conditions. The data show that L. thermotolerans broadly redirects gene expression towards genes involved in central carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism, remodeling of the cell wall as well as autophagy. Furthermore, the induction of genes that are likely involved in the generation of lactate indicates a redirection of metabolic flux towards this metabolite. The data provide the first insight into the oxygen-dependent response of L. thermotolerans and suggest potential genetic targets to improve lactate production and/or anaerobic fermentation performance of this yeast.
Evaluating the Associations Between Exposure to Tobacco Interventions During Inpatient Treatment and Substance Use Outcomes: Findings From a Natural Experiment
Authors: Romano Isabella , Costello Mary Jean , Sousa Sarah , Li Yao , Bruce Dominique , Roth Don , MacKillop James , Rush Brian 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
In this study, we took advantage of a natural experiment that occurred within a substance use disorders (SUD) treatment setting which first saw the implementation of an evidence-based practice (EBP) for tobacco cessation, followed by the implementation of a tobacco-free policy (TFP) that included a campus-wide tobacco ban. We sought to examine how implementation of the EBP and TFP was associated with substances use outcomes, in addition to tobacco use, up to 3-months posttreatment.

Methods:
Data were collected from patients in a substance use disorders treatment program at baseline, discharge, 1-, and 3-months posttreatment. Using a quasi-experimental design and generalized estimating equations, we modelled how patients’ (N = 480) exposure to one of 3 interventions (1: treatment as usual [TAU], 2: EBP, and 3: EBP + TFP) was associated with overall abstinence from tobacco, alcohol, and other substances over time. Measures of tobacco use frequency, amount, and quit attempts were also modelled among a sub-sample of participants who self-reported using tobacco before treatment.

Result:
Exposure to the EBP + TFP was associated with increased tobacco abstinence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.29, 2.90]) over time, including decreases in tobacco use frequency (OR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.68, 0.89]) and amount (OR = 0.80, 95% CI [0.67, 0.96]), and increased in likelihood of making a quit attempt (OR = 1.75, 95% CI [1.10, 2.80]) compared to TAU. Exposure was not associated with alcohol and/or other substance use.

Conclusions:
Comprehensive tobacco interventions that include EBP + TFP can promote tobacco cessation and reduced tobacco use following inpatient SUD treatment, without adversely affecting the use of other substances.