bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The global serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in felids during the last five decades (1967–2017): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Montazeri Mahbobeh , Mikaeili Galeh Tahereh , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Sarvi Shahabeddin , Dodangeh Samira , Javidnia Javad , Sharif Mehdi , Daryani Ahmad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Felids (domestic and wild cats) are important in the epidemiology of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of T. gondii in species of the family Felidae.

Methods
We searched seven databases (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Proquest and Web of Science) for studies reporting seroprevalence of T. gondii in felids from 1967 to 31 December 2017. A total of 217 published papers, containing 223 datasets were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, comprised 59,517 domestic and 2733 wild cats from 1967 to 2017.

Results
The pooled global T. gondii seroprevalence was estimated to be 35% (95% CI: 32–38%) and 59% (95% CI: 56–63%) in domestic cats and wild felids, respectively, using random effects model. The seroprevalence was higher in Australia and Africa where the T. gondii seropositivity in domestic cats was 52% (95% CI: 15–89%) and 51% (95% CI: 20–81%), respectively. The lowest seroprevalence was estimated in Asia 27% (95% CI: 24–30%). The seroprevalence values for T. gondii in wild felids were 74% (95% CI: 62–83%) in Africa, 67% (95% CI: 23–111%) in Asia, 67% (95% CI: 58–75%) in Europe and 66% (95% CI: 41–91%) in South America.

Conclusions
Our study provides the global prevalence of T. gondii in species of the family Felidae and is a source of information to aid public health workers in developing prevention plans.
The association between community mental health nursing and hospital admissions for people with serious mental illness: a systematic review
Authors: Leach Matthew J. , Jones Martin , Bressington Dan , Jones Adrian , Nolan Fiona , Muyambi Kuda , Gillam Marianne , Gray Richard 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Relapse prevention is an important objective in the management of serious mental illness (SMI). While community mental health nurses (CMHN) might be well-placed to support people with SMI in averting relapse, no systematic reviews have examined this association.

Aim
To review the evidence from studies reporting an association between CMHN exposure and hospitalisation of persons living with SMI (a proxy for relapse).

Methods
Searches were undertaken in ten bibliographic databases and two clinical trial registries. We included studies of patients with SMI, where CMHN was the exposure, and the outcome was relapse (i.e. readmission to a psychiatric inpatient facility). Quality assessment of included studies was completed using two risk-of-bias measures.

Results
Two studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were rated as being of low-moderate methodological quality. There was insufficient evidence to conclude that community mental health nursing reduced the risk of admission to psychiatric inpatient facilities.

Conclusions
The review found no evidence that CMHN was associated with higher or lower odds of admission to psychiatric inpatient facilities among patients with SMI. The findings of the review point to a need for further research to investigate the impact of CMHN exposure and relapse in people with SMI.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42017058694
EGFR T790M relative mutation purity predicts osimertinib treatment efficacy in non‐small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Zheng Qiufan , Hong Shaodong , Huang Yan , Zhao Hongyun , Yang Yunpeng , Hou Xue , Zhao Yuanyuan , Ma Yuxiang , Zhou Ting , Zhang Yaxiong , Fang Wenfeng , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the impressive anti‐tumor activity of osimertinib in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 30–40% of patients still show limited response. There is therefore a need to identify biomarkers that accurately predict the response to osimertinib therapy. In this study, 54 patients with targeted next‐generation sequencing of circulating tumor DNA before osimertinib treatment and known T790M positivity were included. We investigated the predictive value of baseline circulating tumor DNA‐derived biomarkers on osimertinib therapy.ResultsBaseline maximum somatic allele frequency (MSAF) level was not associated with objective response rate (ORR) (P = 0.886) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (P = 0.370) of osimertinib treatment. T790M relative mutation purity (RMP, defined here as the ratio of T790M AF to MSAF) quartiles were found to be significantly associated with ORR (P for trend = 0.002) and PFS (P for trend = 0.006), and a cut off value of 0.24 identified two distinct prognostic groups [Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.36 for low T790M RMP, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18–0.72, P = 0.004). Additionally, although T790M relative mutation abundance (RMA, defined as T790M AF/EGFR driver AF) quartiles were not significantly associated with ORR (P for trend = 0.063), a cut off value of 0.30 also identified two distinct prognostic groups (HR = 0.43 for low T790M RMA, 95% CI 0.22–0.85, P = 0.015). However, in multivariate analysis, grouping of T790M RMP showed a better predictive value (HR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.20–1.05, P = 0.066) than T790M RMA (HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.31–1.61, P = 0.409). Moreover, T790M RMP as continuous covariate was independently predictive of PFS (HR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.03–0.79, P =0.025), while T790M RMA was not (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.49–2.66, P =0.766). An external validation cohort further confirmed the T790M RMP was significantly associated with PFS of osimertinib therapy.ConclusionsThis study established the independent predictive role of T790M RMP in NSCLC patients receiving osimertinib treatment.
Short-term effect of adenotonsillectomy on growth and nutritional anthropometric parameters of children with obstructive adenotonsillar enlargement
Authors: Fasunla Ayotunde James , Totyen Ebidisemere Linda , Onakoya Paul Adekunle , Nwaorgu Onyekwere George 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundObstructive adenotonsillar enlargement is known to cause failure to thrive in children. The effect of adenotonsillectomy is not well documented on the growth of affected children. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of adenotonsillectomy on growth of children with obstructive adenotonsillar enlargement. It was a quasi-experimental study consisting of 62 children (≤ 12 years) with obstructive adenotonsillar enlargement and 62 healthy controls. Variables measured at baseline, sixth week and 13th week post adenotonsillectomy, were weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness. The percent of weight-for-age and height-for-age were, respectively, calculated by dividing the child’s weight and height by the median expected weight and height (i.e., the 50th percentile) based on the child’s chronological age. The obtained weight-for-age and height-for-age values were used to determine the presence of failure to thrive and stunting, respectively.ResultsMajority (70.6%) of the patients with malnutrition were from a low socioeconomic class. At baseline, failure to thrive and stunting were found among 17 (26.4%) cases and 11 (17.7%) controls, but the proportion reduced to six (9.7%) and three (4.8%), respectively, at the 13th week post adenotonsillectomy. There was a steady increase in weight-for-age, height-for-age, mid-upper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness in both cases and controls from baseline to the 13th week. However, there was a significant difference in percentage variation of these variables between the two groups.ConclusionsAdenotonsillectomy improved the growth of children with obstructive adenotonsillar enlargement and hence recommended in cases with failure to thrive and stunting.
A Molecular Assembly Machine Working under a Quasi-Steady State pH Gradient
Authors: Nawa-Okita Erika , Nakao Yuki , Yamamoto Daigo , Shioi Akihisa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Biological functions are maintained by various types of molecular motors driven at several pico-newtons, where the driving force is obtained from a chemical potential difference within the microscale. Here, we show in detail artificial vesicles that generate mechanical work from a local pH gradient. This study demonstrates that they can be regarded as a molecular assembly machine. We have previously reported that the vesicles are composed of oleate and oleic acid and exhibit rhythmic shape changes. This cyclic motion involves both rotation of the entire vesicle and its inside-out inversion, which constitute relaxation and excitation processes, respectively, that sustain the cycle. These motions were observed under a quasi-steady state pH gradient, and the driving force of rotation was determined to be of the order of 10−2–10−1 pN, which is consistent with the membrane elasticity driving the deformation (vesicle inversion).
Epidemiology and Clinico-radiological features of Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Jafri Saira , Ahmed Naseem , Saifullah Nausheen , Musheer Mehak 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The literature on interstitial lung diseases is limited. The aim of this research was to make this entity of diseases more understandable to clinicians and general population of the region of Pakistan.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 253 Pakistani subjects who are a part of the hospital-based registry of JPMC. We performed statistical analyses on SPSS version 22.0. We included patients above 15 years of age who exhibited clinical clues and radiological signs of ILD during March 2016 through February 2018 and excluded those who were on tuberculosis treatment, suspected to be suffering from post-infection bronchiectasis, expectant females or had failed to follow-up.
Results: There was a 2:3 male to female ratio. Mean age was 49.0±13.2 years. Majority were non-smokers. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) was the commonest ILD (38.8%) followed by Non-Specific Interstitial Pneumonitis (NSIP) (15.1%). Most patients presented with dyspnea and dry cough and about half were clubbed (47.3%). Substantial IPF cases (52.6%) were suffering from GERD symptoms.
Conclusion: IPF and NSIP were the major ILDs, GERD was the only predictor of IPF. This entity of lung diseases needs to be explored further to identify patterns of presentation and to make diagnosis at a manageable stage.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1046
How to cite this:Jafri S, Ahmed N, Saifullah N, Musheer M. Epidemiology and Clinico-radiological features of Interstitial Lung Diseases. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):365-370. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1046
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Primary ovarian insufficiency and myasthenia gravis
Authors: AlAsiri Saleh A. 
Published: February 2020

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease. In some patients, Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) is considered to be an autoimmune condition. Their coexistence is rare and suggests autoimmune perturbation. We describe a patient who was determined to have POI at 17 years of age and who developed MG 20 years later.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.2124
How to cite this:AlAsiri SA. Primary ovarian insufficiency and myasthenia gravis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):586-587. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.2124
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Detección de «Rickettsia» spp. en garrapatas fijadas en personas en Castilla y León
Authors: Hernández Luis , Viera Carmen , Muro Antonio 
Published: February 2020

Las garrapatas son ectoparásitos hematófagos de gran importancia por ser transmisores de agentes patógenos. El objetivo principal del trabajo es el estudio de las garrapatas fijadas a personas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León en época estival, y más en concreto, la detección de rickettsiosis transmitidas por ellas. Se recibieron 709 garrapatas retiradas a personas en los diferentes servicios de salud de la comunidad. En el laboratorio se llevó a cabo su identificación y extracción de ADN. A continuación, se realizó una PCR individualizada a cada muestra con el fin de conocer si son portadoras de Rickettsia spp. Para ver los resultados de la PCR, se hizo una electroforesis en gel de agarosa, el cual se visualiza. Por último, los productos positivos fueron purificados y cuantificados. De las muestras analizadas, para los genes gltA y OmpA, se obtuvieron 67 positivos (9,44%), presentando mayor prevalencia en las provincias de Ávila y Burgos. Por tanto, en este estudio podemos observar el indiscutible interés creciente por las enfermedades transmitidas por garrapatas siendo los datos obtenidos de gran utilidad para orientar las medidas de control y prevención de dichas enfermedades.
Multitarget Stool DNA Screening in Clinical Practice: High Positive Predictive Value for Colorectal Neoplasia Regardless of Exposure to Previous Colonoscopy
Authors: Eckmann Jason D. , Ebner Derek W. , Bering Jamie , Kahn Allon , Rodriguez Eduardo , Devens Mary E. , Lowrie Kari L. , Doering Karen , Then Sara , Burger Kelli N. , Mahoney Douglas W. , Prichard David O. , Wallace Michael B. , Gurudu Suryakanth R. , Finney Lila J. , Limburg Paul , Berger Barry , Ahlquist David A. , Kisiel John B. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Multitarget stool DNA (MT-sDNA) testing has grown as a noninvasive screening modality for colorectal cancer (CRC), but real-world clinical data are limited in the post-FDA approval setting. The effect of previous colonoscopy on MT-sDNA performance is not known. We aimed to evaluate findings of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) at diagnostic colonoscopy in patients with positive MT-sDNA testing, stratified by patient exposure to previous colonoscopy.

METHODS:
We identified consecutive patients completing MT-sDNA testing over a 39-month period and reviewed the records of those with positive tests for neoplastic findings at diagnostic colonoscopy. MT-sDNA test positivity rate, adherence to diagnostic colonoscopy, and the positive predictive value (PPV) of MT-sDNA for any CRN and neoplastic subtypes were calculated.

RESULTS:
Of 16,469 MT-sDNA tests completed, testing returned positive in 2,326 (14.1%) patients. After exclusion of patients at increased risk for CRC, 1,801 patients remained, 1,558 (87%) of whom underwent diagnostic colonoscopy; 918 of 1,558 (59%) of these patients had undergone previous colonoscopy, whereas 640 (41%) had not. Any CRN was found in 1,046 of 1,558 patients (PPV = 67%). More neoplastic lesions were found in patients without previous colonoscopy (73%); however, the rates remained high among those who had undergone previous colonoscopy (63%, P < 0.0001). The large majority (79%) of patients had right-sided neoplasia.

DISCUSSION:
MT-sDNA has a high PPV for any CRN regardless of exposure to previous colonoscopy. Right-sided CRN was found at colonoscopy in most patients with positive MT-sDNA testing, representing a potential advantage over other currently available screening modalities for CRC.
Electrocorticogram (ECoG) Is Highly Informative in Primate Visual Cortex
Authors: Kanth Sidrat Tasawoor , Ray Supratim 
Published: February 2020

Neural signals recorded at different scales contain information about environment and behavior and have been used to control Brain Machine Interfaces with varying degrees of success. However, a direct comparison of their efficacy has not been possible due to different recording setups, tasks, species, etc. To address this, we implanted customized arrays having both microelectrodes and electrocorticogram (ECoG) electrodes in the primary visual cortex of 2 female macaque monkeys, and also recorded electroencephalogram (EEG), while they viewed a variety of naturalistic images and parametric gratings. Surprisingly, ECoG had higher information and decodability than all other signals. Combining a few ECoG electrodes allowed more accurate decoding than combining a much larger number of microelectrodes. Control analyses showed that higher decoding accuracy of ECoG compared with local field potential was not because of differences in low-level visual features captured by them but instead because of larger spatial summation of the ECoG. Information was high in the 30–80 Hz range and at lower frequencies. Information in different frequencies and scales was nonredundant. These results have strong implications for Brain Machine Interface applications and for study of population representation of visual stimuli.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTElectrophysiological signals captured across scales by different recording electrodes are regularly used for Brain Machine Interfaces, but the information content varies due to electrode size and location. A systematic comparison of their efficiency for Brain Machine Interfaces is important but technically challenging. Here, we recorded simultaneous signals across four scales: spikes, local field potential, electrocorticogram (ECoG), and EEG, and compared their information and decoding accuracy for a large variety of naturalistic stimuli. We found that ECoGs were highly informative and outperformed other signals in information content and decoding accuracy.
Effect of Al2O3 and SiO2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Blended with POME on Combustion, Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Diesel Engine
Authors: Adzmi M. A. , Abdullah A. , Abdullah Z. , Mrwan A. G. 
Published: February 2020

Evaluation of combustion characteristic, engine performances and exhaust emissions of nanoparticles blended in palm oil methyl ester (POME) was conducted in this experiment using a single-cylinder diesel engine. Nanoparticles used was aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) with a portion of 50 ppm and 100 ppm. SiO2 and Al2O3 were blended in POME and labelled as PS50, PS100 and PA50, PA100, respectively. The data results for
PS and PA fuel were compared to POME test fuel. Single cylinder diesel engine YANMAR TF120M attached with DEWESoft data acquisition module (DAQ) model SIRIUSi-HS was used in this experiment. Various engine loads of zero, 7 N.m, 14 Nm, 21 N.m and 28 N.m at a constant engine speed of 1800 rpm were applied during engine testing. Results for each fuel were obtained by calculating the average three times repetition of engine testing. Findings show that the highest maximum pressure of nanoparticles fuel increase by 16.3% compared to POME test fuel. Other than that, the engine peak torque and engine power show a significant increase by 43% and 44%, respectively, recorded during the PS50 fuel test. Meanwhile, emissions of nanoparticles fuel show a large decrease by 10% of oxide of nitrogen (NOx), 6.3% reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and a slight decrease of 0.02% on carbon monoxide (CO). Addition of nanoparticles in biodiesel show positive improvements when used in diesel engines and further details were discussed.
Relationship between Melanoma Stage at the Diagnosis and Survival During a period of 30 Years (1982-2011)
Authors: Alkhaldi Talal M , Dawari Sakhr A , Aldaham Sami A 
Published: February 2020

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, and is a potentially aggressive cancer. The incidence of melanoma is rising at a greater rate than any other cancer in the U.S. The aim of this study was to examine the association between melanoma stage at the time of diagnosis and survival among U.S. adult melanoma patients during 1982-2011. This was a secondary analysis of a non-concurrent cohort study conducted on 185219 U.S. adult patients who were diagnosed with primary cutaneous melanoma between 1982-2011. Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to analyze the data. Significance was assessed using p-value and 95% confidence interval. Men had more cutaneous melanoma. Black non-Hispanic patients were diagnosed less frequently. Patients who were married or in a domestic partnership were most likely to be diagnosed. The adjusted HR for distant melanoma was 141-fold that of in situ (95% CI 126.38-157.19). The adjusted HR was the highest in the first decade of diagnosis (1.7; 95% CI 1.6 1.75). In conclusion, survival is highly affected by melanoma stage at diagnosis. Black non-Hispanic patients had the lowest hazard ratio of all races. The sample size was large, which enhances the generalizability to the U.S. population.
(Post)Modern Marlowe in Hard-Boiled Victorian Age: Generic Classification of Terry Pratchett’s City Watch Cycle
Authors: Uzar Monika 
Published: February 2020

Poprzez odrzucenie zasady czystości formy, postmodernizm umożliwił dogłębną analizę, rewaluację oraz ponowne zdefi niowanie cech charakterystycznych poszczególnych gatunków literackich. Dało to twórcom możliwość zabawy formą oraz tworzenia często nieoczywistych hybryd gatunkowych. Jednym z mistrzów owych międzygatunkowych chimer jest współczesny brytyjski pisarz, sir Terry Pratchett . Twórca z wszech miar przekorny i nie stroniący od eksperymentów literackich, w pełni wykorzystuje wolność gatunkową oferowaną przez tezy postmodernizmu. Efekty owej fascynacji postmodernizmem są dostrzegalne m.in. w serii jego powieści kryminalnych, które po zanalizowaniu okazują się być mieszaniną fantasy, powieści detektywistycznej, powieści policyjnej, kryminału noir, kryminału typu hard-boiled, ballady heroicznej, powieści łotrzykowskiej oraz satyry polityczno-społecznej. Ta wieloskładnikowa mikstura jest, pomimo pozornie chaotycznego doboru składników, tworzona wg starannie opracowanego klucza i zorganizowana wokół jednego głównego gatunku, którym na pierwszy rzut oka wydaje się być kryminał noir. Jednakże, oglądane z bliska, kryminały Pratchett a okazują się być, pomimo licznych współczesnych elementów, przedstawicielami klasycznej powieści detektywistycznej sięgającej tradycjami do epoki królowej Wiktorii i wywodzącej się od pewnego dżentelmena z fajką i szkłem powiększającym.
European Glass Context 2012 – sztuka szkła w Europie
Authors: Kwiatkowska Ewelina 
Published: February 2020

Już po raz drugi na wyspie Bornholm w Danii odbył się European Glass Contex 2012 będący częścią sympozjum poświęconemu współczesnej sztuce szkła i ceramiki. Co dwa lata odbywają się wymiennie European Glass Context oraz European Ceramic Context, które są jednymi z bardziej liczących się przeglądów tych sztuk. Tegoroczne wydarzenie skupiło się przede wszystkim na dwóch wystawach głównych – Europejskie Szkło Artystyczne i Nowy Talent – w których wzięło udział 96 artystów z 28 krajów Europy. Z Polski do udziału zostały zaproszone cztery artystki: Barbara Idzikowska, Monika Rubaniuk (kategoria: Artyści Szkła) oraz Patrycja Dubiel i Marzena Krzemińska (kategoria: Nowy Talent). Program European Glass Context był bardzo rozbudowany (warsztaty, seminarium, konferencja naukowa) którego tematem przewodnim było 50 lecie ruchu Studio Glass powstałego w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Organizatorzy pragnęli poddać rozważaniom aktualną kondycję sztuki szklanej materii, w jaki sposób zmieniała się na przestrzeni lat i co ważniejsze, czy szkło znalazło swoich odbiorców? European Glass Context jest wydarzeniem, które pomaga w odpowiedzi na postawione powyżej pytania. Daje możliwość skonfrontowania różnych postaw artystycznych w jednym czasie, w jednym miejscu.