bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key statistical characteristics of the mesoscale convective systems generated over the Tibetan Plateau and their relationship to precipitation and southwest vortices
Authors: Mai Zi , Fu Shen‐Ming , Sun Jian‐Hua , Hu Liang , Wang Xiu‐ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBased on hourly geostationary satellite temperature‐of‐black‐body data, 9,754 mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are found to form over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) during 16 warm seasons. In the whole study period, neither the occurrence numbers of these MCSs nor their other key characteristics are found to have a significant trend of increasing/decreasing. The MCSs can form anywhere over the TP, and ~6.6% of them can move eastward and vacate the TP (defined as the eastward‐moving type [EMT]). The EMTs' mean occurrence frequency and lifespan are ~0.3 per day and ~12.0 hr, respectively. Compared to the MCSs that do not vacate the TP, the EMTs usually have stronger intensity, longer lifespan, and develop more rapidly but generate in a drier environment. The vacating stage of an EMT usually begins in the latter half of its lifespan, and an EMT tends to reach its maximum cloud area when it is about to vacate the TP. After vacating the TP, an EMT usually weakens at first and then enhances again. Vorticity budget indicates that the convergence‐related horizontal shrinking and the convection‐related vertical vorticity transport govern the cyclonic‐vorticity increase/maintenance associated with the longer‐lived EMTs. Of all the EMTs, only ~8% are associated with southwest vortices (SWVs), and the precipitation related to these EMTs contributes ~20% to the local hourly heavy precipitation. Compared to the EMTs that are not related to SWVs, those that are generally vacate the TP sooner, last longer having vacated the TP, and have longer whole lifespans.
Evaluation of Nutrition Risk and Its Association With Mortality Risk in Severely and Critically Ill COVID‐19 Patients
Authors: Zhao Xiaobo , Li Yan , Ge Yanyan , Shi Yuxin , Lv Ping , Zhang Jianchu , Fu Gui , Zhou Yanfen , Jiang Ke , Lin Nengxing , Bai Tao , Jin Runming , Wu Yuanjue , Yang Xuefeng , Li Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe nutrition status of coronavirus disease 2019 patients is unknown. This study evaluates clinical and nutrition characteristics of severely and critically ill patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and investigates the relationship between nutrition risk and clinical outcomes.MethodsA retrospective, observational study was conducted at West Campus of Union Hospital in Wuhan. Patients confirmed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by a nucleic acid–positive test and identified as severely or critically ill were enrolled in this study. Clinical data and outcomes information were collected and nutrition risk was assessed using Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS).ResultsIn total, 413 patients were enrolled in this study, including 346 severely and 67 critically ill patients. Most patients, especially critically ill patients, had significant changes in nutrition‐related parameters and inflammatory markers. As for nutrition risk, the critically ill patients had significantly higher proportion of high NRS scores (P < .001), which were correlated with inflammatory and nutrition‐related markers. Among 342 patients with NRS score ≥3, only 84 (of 342, 25%) received nutrition support. Critically ill patients and those with higher NRS score had a higher risk of mortality and longer stay in hospital. In logistic regression models, 1‐unit increase in NRS score was associated with the risk of mortality increasing by 1.23 times (adjusted odds ratio, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.10–4.51; P = .026).ConclusionsMost severely and critically ill patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 are at nutrition risk. The patients with higher nutrition risk have worse outcome and require nutrition therapy.
Milk Fat Globule Membrane Enhances Colonic–Mucus‐Barrier Function in a Rat Model of Short‐Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Yu Zhicai , Li Ying , Niu Yang , Tang Qingya , Wu Jiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical research reveals that colon plays an important role in mitigating the effects of short‐bowel syndrome (SBS). Previously, we showed that the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) had protective effects on gut barrier integrity in the rat SBS model. Here, we used the same rat model to investigate the effects of enteral MFGM supplementation on gut microbiota and colonic–mucus‐barrier function and its related mechanisms.MethodsWe randomly divided 24 male Sprague‐Dawley rats into 3 groups: Sham, SBS (rats with massive small‐bowel resection), and SBS+MFGM (SBS rats supplemented with 1.5 g/kg/d MFGM). We then evaluated gut permeability, crypt depth, goblet‐cell count, mucin 1 (MUC1), mucin 2 (MUC2), microbiota, short‐chain fatty acids, and protein expressions of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain, leucine‐rich repeat, and pyrin domain‐containing protein 6 (NLRP6) pathway of the colon.ResultsCompared with SBS rats, SBS+MFGM rats exhibited lower intestinal permeability, increased crypt depth, more goblet cells, and more MUC1/MUC2‐positive cells. The SBS+MFGM group also had greater Firmicutes abundance and lower acetate concentration (P < .05). Sham rats had significantly lower Bacteroidetes abundance than SBS rats, but SBS+MFGM and SBS groups did not differ. Additionally, the SBS+MFGM group had higher NLRP6 and interleukin (IL)‐18 expression but lower IL‐1β and Caspase‐1 (cysteinyl aspartate‐specific protease‐1) expression than the SBS group (P < .05).ConclusionSupplementation of MFGM modulates gut microbiota composition in SBS, possibly through strengthening the colonic mucus barrier and regulation of NLRP6 inflammasome.
High Parenteral Support Volume Is Associated With Reduced Quality of Life Determined by the Short‐Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life Scale in Nonmalignant Intestinal Failure Patients
Authors: Nordsten Cecilie Bagi , Molsted Stig , Bangsgaard Louise , Fuglsang Kristian A. , Brandt Christopher F. , Niemann Mads J. , Jeppesen Palle B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAim was to investigate the association between quality of life (QoL), bowel anatomy, and the need for home parenteral support (HPS) volume in patients with nonmalignant short‐bowel syndrome (SBS) and intestinal failure (IF).MethodsThe SBS‐QoL scale was used in a cross‐sectional study of 95 nonmalignant SBS‐IF patients. Sum QoL scores (0: best, 170: worst) were calculated. Patients were defined as having a small bowel (≤200 cm), and patients with jejunostomy or ileostomy were subclassified based on functional small‐bowel length (cm) into 4 anatomy subgroups: 1a–1d (0–49, 50–99, 100–149, 150–200 cm, respectively). Multiple linear regression analyses explored associations between QoL, patient groups, and HPS volume, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and education.ResultsComplete data were obtained from 60 patients. HPS volume was associated with a worse SBS‐QoL score (L/d, β = 7.91; SE = 3.90; P = .048), but male sex associated with improvement (β = −26.28; SE = 11.06; P = .021). No differences in sum QoL were seen between the benign SBS‐IF subgroups 1a–d (P = .210). Multivariate regression analyses showed that patients with a small‐bowel stoma, a small‐bowel length <50 cm was associated with a significantly worse/higher SBS‐QoL score compared with a length >50 cm.ConclusionIn patients with benign SBS‐IF, high HPS volume was associated with poor QoL. Also, jejunostomy or ileostomy with small‐bowel length <50 cm was associated with impaired QoL. These findings support rehabilitation strategies that reduce fecal losses and decrease HPS needs.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy to investigate production techniques: A focus on fine ware potteries
Authors: Odelli Eleonora , Raneri Simona , Cantini Federico , Mattiello Sara , Salvioli‐Mariani Emma , Lottici Pier Paolo , Bersani Danilo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe study of manufacture technologies and provenance of raw materials in archaeological potteries are two fundamental aspects in providing information about sociocultural aspects on past societies. The most acknowledged technique in this field is represented by minero‐petrographic analysis, allowing to describe the compositional features of the artefacts and to link them to geological outcrops and technologic processes. In the case of fine‐grained potteries, minero‐petrographic analysis might sometime give back not clear results, requiring the use of high‐resolved methods. In this framework, information about raw materials and firing techniques might be provided by the support of micro‐Raman spectroscopy, able to supply information on mineral grains not detectable under a microscope and for which powders diffraction methods are not able to provide unique interpretations. In this work, particular attention was devoted to the phases formed during the ceramic body annealing, especially to newly formed feldspars, exhibiting a not natural occurring composition. Their correct identification, important for thermometric studies, is possible only with the use different techniques, due to the different investigated aspects (structure, composition and lattice dynamics).Fine‐grained potteries from the famous site of Volterra, Tuscany (Italy) have been characterized as case study during a comparative evaluation of the results obtained by different techniques (micro‐Raman analysis, optical microscopy [OM], X‐ray diffraction [XRD] and scanning electron microscope energy dispersive spectrometry [SEM‐EDS]) on the same mineral grains. The obtained results demonstrated how micro‐Raman spectroscopy might improve interpretation of data collected with different methods in several aspects, from provenance to firing temperature estimation.
The effect of an ultrasonic spray nozzle on carbohydrate and protein‐based coating materials for blueberry extract microencapsulation
Authors: Tatar Turan Feyza , Kahyaoglu Talip 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn ultrasonic spray nozzle was evaluated for the production of powders and microcapsules, using blueberry extract, modified starch (HI‐CAP 100), and whey protein isolate (WPI). The effects of ultrasonic power and the concentration of coating materials on the characteristics of the resulting samples – such as viscosity, particle size, microencapsulation efficiency, color, glass transition temperature, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and morphology – were also studied.RESULTSThe apparent viscosity was primarily affected by the self‐heating of the ultrasonic nozzle as the power increased. The largest mean particle size of samples was observed under conditions of 30% coating concentration at 10 W. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the samples were affected by all atomization parameters significantly (P < 0.05) and the highest Tg values of all samples were determined when the coating concentration was maximum (30%) and power level was minimum (5 W). The FTIR and XRD results indicate that the power of the ultrasonic nozzle did not cause any change in WPI structure and led to only a small change in the structure of HI‐CAP 100 at 10 W. The short atomization time preserved, to some extent, the properties of the coating materials and the blueberry extract. With regard to the morphological properties, it was observed that the samples obtained with WPI showed less shrinkage than HI‐CAP 100.CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that an ultrasonic nozzle could be used successfully to prepare the blueberry microcapsule with HI‐CAP 100 and WPI as coating materials. This study may contribute to the development of ultrasonic nozzle applications using different coatings for the microencapsulation of high‐quality functional materials. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of post‐harvest moisture on roasted almond shelf life and consumer acceptance
Authors: Luo Kathleen K , Chapman Dawn M , Lerno Larry A , Huang Guangwei , Mitchell Alyson E 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe harvest weights of sweet almonds (Prunus dulcis) have significantly increased to meet consumer demand and now exceed processing facility capabilities. Crops are stockpiled for longer periods, increasing the probability of moisture exposure. Wet almonds can be mechanically dried prior to processing; however, it is unclear how this practice influences lipid oxidation, shelf‐life, and consumer acceptance. To address this, almonds were exposed to 8% moisture and dried with low heat (ME). Almonds were roasted and stored under accelerated conditions for 12 months and markers of lipid oxidation, headspace volatiles, sensory attributes, and consumer liking were evaluated.RESULTSAt 7 months of storage, light roast ME almonds had higher levels of volatiles related to lipid oxidation than non‐moisture exposed almonds (NME) and were significantly higher in oxidized, cardboard and painty / solvent flavors. Although untrained consumers did not show significant preferences between the light roast ME and NME almonds, there were quality losses related to lipid oxidation that trained panelists could detect. Dark roast ME almonds demonstrated significant lipid oxidation by 5 months of storage, indicating they will have a compromised shelf life. Findings also indicate that octanal, nonanal, 2‐octenal, and hexanoic acid are good indicators of consumer acceptability.CONCLUSIONThe results of this research illustrate that post‐harvest moisture exposure with mechanical drying has a significant effect on the storage quality of roasted almonds and is most pronounced in dark roast products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
False‐positive pregnancy test secondary to ectopic expression of human chorionic gonadotropin by a gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Andruska Neal , Mahapatra Lily , Brenneman Randall , MacArthur Kelly M. , Oppelt Peter , Baumann Brian C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTumors can rarely overexpress human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) resulting in false‐positive pregnancy tests. Here, we report a 44‐year‐old female with a metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) who presented with a positive urine pregnancy test before radiotherapy. Further workup ruled out pregnancy. Following radiotherapy, her metastatic disease progressed and her hCG level continued to rise. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a GIST tumor overexpressing hCG.
Eddy retention and seafloor terrain facilitate cross‐shelf transport and delivery of fish larvae to suitable nursery habitats
Authors: Goldstein Esther D. , Pirtle Jodi L. , Duffy‐Anderson Janet T. , Stockhausen William T. , Zimmermann Mark , Wilson Matthew T. , Mordy Calvin W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor marine fish with ontogenetic shifts in habitat requirements, survival is dependent upon oceanographic transport of pelagic larvae from spawning locations and the arrival of settlement‐stage larvae to nursery habitats. Settlement success for fish with nurseries on the continental shelf, such as many flatfish, relies on routes of transport that facilitate the delivery of larvae from offshore to suitable inshore habitats. To address spatial and temporal coupling between spawning, transport, and settlement, we utilized an individual‐based biophysical model for the years 2000–2011 in combination with a juvenile habitat suitability model for arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias), an abundant predatory flatfish in the oceans off Alaska. Settlement success was inversely related to the availability of nursery habitat, but oceanographic variability dictated interannual patterns in larval supply to nurseries. Paradoxically, the majority of larvae were advected offshore and arrived to nurseries on the continental shelf. Shoreward bathymetric steering through glacial troughs that resulted in directed transport to nurseries was minimal despite the high proportion of larvae that accessed trough features. Based on modeling results and empirical observations, mesoscale eddies and retention near suitable settlement habitats enhanced settlement and recruitment magnitude. In advective ecosystems such as the Gulf of Alaska, settlement success and cross‐shelf transport are augmented by transient retentive features that influence recruitment by facilitating the delivery of larvae to nursery habitats on the continental shelf.
Supramolecular Poly(cyclotriphosphazene) Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Polypropylene Composites with Simultaneously Improved Thermal Stability, Flame Retardancy, and Viscoelastic Properties
Authors: Malkappa Kuruma , Salehiyan Reza , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel crosslinkable supramolecular poly(cyclotriphosphazene) functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) is synthesized and melt‐processed with polypropylene (PP), which results in a PP composite with simultaneously improved flame retardancy, smoke‐suppression, and thermal and viscoelastic properties. The cone‐calorimetry test results reveal that the peak heat‐release rate and total heat release of the composite (2 wt% FGO) are reduced by 39.7% and 29.9%, respectively, compared to those of the neat PP. Meanwhile, the total smoke released and total smoke production of PP are significantly (42.7% and 34.9%, respectively) reduced after composite formation with 2 wt% FGO. Similarly, the PP/FGO composite shows an improved maximum weight loss temperature of 392.4 °C, compared to that of neat PP (361.4 °C). Thermogravimetric Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐FTIR) analysis further confirms that the composite reduces the evolution of the flammable components and toxic gases, especially CO gas, indicating that the FGO significantly decreases the fire hazards of the PP. The thermomechanical and melt‐rheological analyses reveal that the composite has higher mechanical stiffness and viscoelastic properties than the neat polymer. In summary, FGO is shown to have potential as an advanced additive to obtain PP composites with multifunctional properties; however, higher FGO loading would be needed to improve UL‐94 rating from V‐2 to V‐0.
Native Structure of the Plant Cell Wall Utilized for Top‐Down Assembly of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals into Micrometer‐Sized Nanoporous Particles
Authors: Spiliopoulos Panagiotis , Solala Iina , Pääkkönen Timo , Seitsonen Jani , van Bochove Bas , Seppälä Jukka V. , Kontturi Eero 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite their sustainable appeal, biomass components are currently undervalued in nanotechnology because means to control the assembly of bio‐based nanoparticles are lagging behind the synthetic counterparts. Here, micrometer‐sized particles consisting of aligned cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are prepared by crosslinking cellulose in cotton linter fibers that are prehydrolyzed with gaseous HCl, resulting in chemical cleavage necessary for CNC formation but retaining the morphology of the native fibers. That way, the intrinsic alignment of cellulose microfibrils within the fiber cell wall can be retained and utilized for top‐down CNC alignment. Subsequent crosslinking with citric acid cements the alignment and preserves it, following the dispersion of CNCs trapped end‐to‐end, connected, and crosslinked within the colloidally stable micrometer‐sized particles. Furthermore, thermoporosimetry and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo TEM) shows that the particles possess mainly nanoporous (<2 nm) character in water. The approach challenges the current paradigm of predominantly bottom‐up methods for nanoparticle assembly.
A two‐scale constitutive framework for modelling localised deformation in saturated dilative hardening material
Authors: Mallikarachchi Hansini , Soga Kenichi 
Published: July 2020

SummaryUndrained deformation of dilative sand generates negative excess pore pressure. It enhances the strength, which is called dilative hardening. This increased suction is not permanent. The heterogeneity at the grain scale triggers localisations causing local volume changes. The negative hydraulic gradient drives fluid into dilating shear zones. It loosens the soil and diminishes the shear strength. It is essential to understand the mechanism behind this internal drainage and to capture it numerically. The purpose of this paper is to develop a macroscopic constitutive relationship for the undrained deformation of saturated dense sand in the presence of a locally fully or partially drained shear band. Separate constitutive relations are generated for the band and intact material. Both time and scale dependence during pore fluid diffusion in saturated sand are captured, eliminating the mesh dependency for finite element implementations. The model is applied to the Gauss points that satisfy the bifurcation criterion. The proposed method is calibrated to recreate the undrained macroscopic response bestowed by an extra‐small mesh. The microscopic behaviours inside and outside shear band predicted by this model are qualitatively in good agreement with individual material point behaviours inside and outside the shear band in the extra‐small mesh. Depending on the loading rate and the shear band thickness, the response inside the band can be fully or partially drained, which governs the ultimate global strength. The calibrated model is exploited to simulate an upscaled biaxial compression test with semipermeable boundaries.
SNAP Schedules and Domestic Violence
Authors: Carr Jillian B. , Packham Analisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper exploits a policy change in Illinois that altered monthly nutritional assistance benefits dates to estimate the impact of in‐kind benefit receipt on domestic violence. We find that issuing SNAP benefits on days other than the first of the month increases domestic crimes. On average, we find the shifting benefit dates increases domestic abuse by 6.9 percent and child maltreatment by 30.0 percent. We posit that these effects are driven by increases in opportunities for conflict or changes in drug use.
Ruxolitinib in children with steroid‐refractory acute graft‐versus‐host disease: A retrospective multicenter study of the pediatric group of SFGM‐TC
Authors: Laisne Louise , Neven Benedicte , Dalle Jean‐Hugues , Galambrun Claire , Esvan Maxime , Renard Cecile , Rialland Fanny , Sirvent Anne , Gandemer Virginie ,   the Pediatric Group of SFGM‐TC
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a national multicenter retrospective study in France to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of ruxolitinib in children with steroid‐refractory acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.ProcedurePatients were recruited from the 15 pediatric transplantation centers. Transplanted patients were eligible if they met the following criteria: aged ≤ 18 years at transplantation, receiving a myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, having an aGVHD of grade ≥2, and treated with ruxolitinib for steroid‐refractory aGVHD.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients received ruxolitinib for steroid‐refractory aGVHD. Six patients achieved a complete response at day 28 after the start of treatment but finally 19 patients (65.5%) achieved a complete response (CR) with a median delay of 41 days (5‐93 days). Two patients had a partial response. All patients who achieved CR or partial response discontinued corticosteroid treatment. Eight patients showed treatment failure. The overall response rate was 72.4%. Twenty‐three of 29 patients were alive at a median follow‐up of 685 days (177‐1042 days) after the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Viral replication was observed in 41.4% of cases. We did not observe severe hematological adverse events and cytopenia requiring a modification of ruxolitinib doses always resolved. The median initial dose of ruxolitinib was 12.6 mg/m2/day with an important range. We could not demonstrate any relationship between initial dose and effectiveness.ConclusionRuxolitinib may constitute a promising second‐line treatment for children with steroid‐refractory aGVHD that should be validated in a prospective large‐scale pharmacokinetic and efficacy trial.