bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restorative thresholds for primary and permanent molars in children: French dentist decisions
Authors: Muller‐Bolla Michèle , Aïem Elody , Coulot Cyril , Velly Ana Miriam , Doméjean Sophie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, numerous surveys have investigated practices and knowledge about caries management in adults, but few are available for children.AimThe present cross‐sectional survey aimed to assess the restorative thresholds (RTs) in primary and permanent molars in children used by a population of dentists treating children and practicing in France.DesignThe study population consisted of French dentists treating children (Fr‐DTCs) who were registered in the French Society of Pediatric Dentistry (n = 250). A specific questionnaire was developed. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed.ResultsResponse rate was 80.4% (n = 201). Considering that an appropriate RT is at the stage of a moderate lesion (occlusal: International Caries Detection and Assessment System 4; approximal: lesion involving the external third of dentine), more than 50% of respondents showed a tendency for iatrogenic treatment, except for occlusal carious lesions in primary molars. Inappropriate invasive strategies were more often reported for occlusal lesions in permanent than primary molars. Moreover, for both molar types, these inappropriate RTs were more often chosen for approximal than occlusal lesions.ConclusionsThe present survey suggested that Fr‐DTCs tend to overtreat in terms of caries management in both primary and permanent molars.
The efficacy of dental sealant used with bonding agent on occlusal caries (ICDAS 2‐4): A 24‐month randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kasemkhun Pornpailin , Nakornchai Siriruk , Phonghanyudh Araya , Srimaneekarn Natchalee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBonding before sealant application enhances retention on saliva‐contaminated sound teeth; however, there are few studies of bonding's efficacy on sealant retention on occlusal caries.AimTo evaluate a bonding agent's efficacy on sealant retention on occlusal caries and caries transition.DesignOne hundred twenty pairs of first permanent molars with occlusal caries (ICDAS 2‐4) from 98 children aged 7.3‐9.9 years were included. One molar was randomly selected to use bonding (Adper™ Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE) applied before sealant application (Helioseal®clear, Ivoclar Vivadent). Bonding was not used on the contralateral tooth. Retention was determined using Simonsen's criteria; caries transition was evaluated using ICDAS scores, DIAGNOdent values, and bitewings at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. Data were analyzed with McNemar's and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsBonding agent use significantly increased sealant retention rates (P < .001). Bonded (B) sealants had a higher retention rate (83.3%) than non‐bonded (NB) sealants (53.7%). The difference in the caries‐transition rate was not significant between the groups (P > .05). Three teeth (1.4%; NB:B = 2:1) were restored due to radiographic dentin‐caries progression.ConclusionsUsing a bonding agent before applying sealant on permanent molar occlusal caries (ICDAS 2‐4) significantly enhanced sealant retention. Caries progression was rarely detected at the 24‐month follow‐up.
Mechanical reliability of Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ‐FeCo2O4 dual phase membranes synthesized by one‐step solid‐state reaction
Authors: Zeng Fanlin , Malzbender Jürgen , Baumann Stefan , Zhou Wenyu , Ziegner Mirko , Nijmeijer Arian , Guillon Olivier , Schwaiger Ruth , Albert Meulenberg Wilhelm 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCe0.8Gd0.2O2−δ‐FeCo2O4 composites are attractive candidate materials for high‐purity oxygen generation providing robust chemical stability. Aiming for future industrial applications, a feasible solid‐state reaction process with one thermal processing step was used to synthesize 50 wt% Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ:50 wt% FeCo2O4 and 85 wt% Ce0.8Gd0.2O2−δ:15 wt% FeCo2O4 composites. Mechanical reliabilities of the sintered membranes were assessed based on the characterized mechanical properties and subcritical crack growth behavior. In general, the fracture strengths of as‐sintered membranes were reduced by tensile residual stresses and microcracks. In particular, the enhanced subcritical crack growth behavior, which leads to limited stress tolerance and high failure probability after a 10‐year operation, was evaluated in more detail. Further materials and processing improvements are needed to eliminate the tensile stress and microcracks to warrant a long‐term reliable operation of the composites.
Hypertension, medications, and risk of severe COVID‐19: A Massachusetts community‐based observational study
Authors: Bauer Ann Z. , Gore Rebecca , Sama Susan R. , Rosiello Richard , Garber Lawrence , Sundaresan Devi , McDonald Anne , Arruda Patricia , Kriebel David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt remains uncertain whether the hypertension (HT) medications angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) mitigate or exacerbate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We evaluated the association of ACEi and ARB with severe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) as defined by hospitalization or mortality among individuals diagnosed with COVID‐19. We investigated whether these associations were modified by age, the simultaneous use of the diuretic thiazide, and the health conditions associated with medication use. In an observational study utilizing data from a Massachusetts group medical practice, we identified 1449 patients with a COVID‐19 diagnosis. In our study, pre‐infection comorbidities including HT, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes were associated with increased risk of severe COVID‐19. Risk was further elevated in patients under age 65 with these comorbidities or cancer. Twenty percent of those with severe COVID‐19 compared to 9% with less severe COVID‐19 used ACEi, 8% and 4%, respectively, used ARB. In propensity score‐matched analyses, use of neither ACEi (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.81) nor ARB (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.55) was associated with increased risk of severe COVID‐19. Thiazide use did not modify this relationship. Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and anticoagulant medications were not associated with COVID‐19 severity. In conclusion, cardiovascular‐related comorbidities were associated with severe COVID‐19 outcomes, especially among patients under age 65. We found no substantial increased risk of severe COVID‐19 among patients taking antihypertensive medications. Our findings support recommendations against discontinuing use of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors to prevent severe COVID‐19.
Hypoxic bone marrow mesenchymal cell‐extracellular vesicles containing miR‐328‐3p promote lung cancer progression via the NF2‐mediated Hippo axis
Authors: Liu Xi , Jiang Feng , Wang Zhilinag , Tang Lang , Zou Bin , Xu Pengfei , Yu Tenghua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLung cancer is the most aggressive tumour afflicting patients on a global scale. Extracellular vesicle (EV)‐delivered microRNAs (miRs) have been reported to play critical roles in cancer development. The current study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxic bone marrow mesenchymal cell (BMSC)‐derived EVs containing miR‐328‐3p in lung cancer. miR‐328‐3p expression was determined in a set of lung cancer tissues by RT‐qPCR. BMSCs were infected with lentivirus‐mediated miR‐328‐3p knock‐down and then cultured in normoxic or hypoxic conditions, followed by isolation of EVs. Following ectopic expression and depletion experiments in lung cancer cells, the biological functions of miR‐328‐3p were analysed using CCK‐8 assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assay. Xenograft in nude mice was performed to test the in vivo effects of miR‐328‐3p delivered by hypoxic BMSC‐derived EVs on tumour growth of lung cancer. Finally, the expression of circulating miR‐328‐3p was detected in the serum of lung cancer patients. miR‐328‐3p was highly expressed in EVs derived from hypoxic BMSCs. miR‐328‐3p was delivered to lung cancer cells by hypoxic BMSC‐derived EVs, thereby promoting lung cancer cell proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. miR‐328‐3p targeted NF2 to inactivate the Hippo pathway. Moreover, EV‐delivered miR‐328‐3p increased tumour growth in vivo. Additionally, circulating miR‐328‐3p was bioactive in the serum of lung cancer patients. Taken together, our results demonstrated that hypoxic BMSC‐derived EVs could deliver miR‐328‐3p to lung cancer cells and that miR‐328‐3p targets the NF2 gene, thereby inhibiting the Hippo pathway to ultimately promote the occurrence and progression of lung cancer.
Nucleolin regulates the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic via Aurora B
Authors: Sun Hui , Huang Lingjin , Liang Pengfei , Tang Yuting , Chen Cheng , Chen Huan , Lin Xiaofang , Luo Zhengyang , Li Ying , Jiang Bimei , Xiao Xianzhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a significant role in atherosclerosis. As a multifunctional protein, nucleolin (NCL) is involved in many important physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of nucleolin in VSMCs proliferation and cell cycle. The expression of nucleolin increased in VSMCs of mice with aortas advanced plaques. With the left common carotid‐artery ligation‐injury model, immunofluorescence staining revealed that nucleolin and Ki67 expression increased in VSMCs in mice left carotid artery compared with right carotid artery after surgery. POVPC or ox‐LDL up‐regulated nucleolin mRNA and protein expression in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner in HAVSMCs. POVPC (5μg/ml) or ox‐LDL (50μg/ml) promoted the proliferation of HAVSMCs. Nucleolin ablation relieved the pro‐proliferation role of VSMCs. The cell cycle assay and cell ability results showing that POVPC or ox‐LDL increased the proliferation, but nucleolin ablation inhibited the proliferation of HAVSMCs. And nucleolin ablation can prevent DNA replication at S phase and induce cell cycle arrest in S phase. The bioinformatics database predicts protein‐protein interactions with nucleolin and aurora B. Nucleolin overexpression and ablation affected the expression of aurora B. These findings indicate for the first time that nucleolin actively involved the proliferation of VSMCs via aurora B.
Fluctuations in pelagic fish density linked to ambient conditions
Authors: Holubová Michaela , Hejzlar Josef , Čech Martin , Vašek Mojmír , Blabolil Petr , Peterka Jiří 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnimal behaviour has been broadly studied for its social or functional aspects but less often for understanding the interactions between organisms and their ambient conditions. A pilot observational study was performed by means of underwater camera to investigate the correlation between environmental factors and the density of fish in the epipelagic habitat of a European temperate reservoir. Explored factors confirmed a positive correlation between water temperature and all observed categories: nonpredatory, predatory, single nonpredatory and schooling fish, as well as freshwater bream and roach. On the other hand, de‐trended solar irradiance was found to be negatively correlated with density of nonpredatory fish, freshwater bream and European perch. Sunshine duration was negatively correlated with the density of predatory fish. Precipitation a showed positive relationship with single nonpredatory fish and European perch, whereas wind strength had a negative relationship with density of schooling fish. Furthermore, density of predatory fish was positively correlated with density of single nonpredatory fish and counts of observed clusters. Altogether, findings indicate that fish density is correlated with abiotic factors and the occurrence of predators. This suggests that more ecologically complex studies should be encouraged for better understanding of ecological interactions that drive the structure of aquatic ecosystems.
Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of major histocompatibility complex class I alpha gene of pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus)
Authors: Fu Shengli , Liu Haisu , Huang Yu , Wang Junru , Qian Kun , Ding Mingmei , Ye Jianmin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes play a key role in immune response in vertebrates. In this study, an MHC I alpha homolog gene (PfMHC Ⅰα) from pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) was identified and its subcellular localization and expression patterns of PfMHC Ⅰα after challenge in vivo and in vitro were analysed. The open reading frame of PfMHC Ⅰα was 1,089 bp in length, encoding 362 aa. The immunofluorescence result revealed that PfMHC Ⅰα was presented on the membrane of lymphocytes. qRT‐PCR analysis indicated that PfMHC Ⅰα was expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest expression in skin, followed by the expression in gills and whole blood. After challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila or polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) in vitro, the expression levels of PfMHC Ⅰα on pufferfish kidney lymphocytes were significantly up‐regulated, with the highest expression level at 48 hr post‐challenge. After infection with A. hydrophila or Poly I:C in vivo, the expression levels of PfMHC Ⅰα in the skin, whole blood and kidneys were significantly up‐regulated. Taken together, it is speculated that PfMHC Ⅰα associates with resistance to both intracellular and extracellular antigens and plays an important role in the host response against pathogen infection in pufferfish.
Pre‐procedure intravenous lidocaine administration on propofol consumption for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A prospective, randomized, double‐blind study
Authors: Ates Irem , Aydin Muhammed Enes , Albayrak Bulent , Disci Esra , Ahiskalioglu Elif Oral , Celik Erkan Cem , Baran Onur , Ahiskalioglu Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure is generally performed in patients with high comorbidity. We aimed to reduce the consumption of propofol by adding lidocaine before ERCP.MethodsEighty ERCP patients with ASA I–III, aged between 45–75 years, were randomly divided into two groups. Lidocaine group (group L, n = 40), received 1‐mg midazolam, 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine, and 1 mg/kg propofol intravenously. The control group (group C, n = 40) received 1‐mg midazolam, saline in the same volume as the lidocaine group, and 1 mg/kg propofol intravenously. Propofol was administered with intermittent bolus doses. Propofol consumption, oropharyngeal reflex, recovery time, endoscopist satisfaction, ketamine need, and side‐effects were recorded.ResultsPropofol consumption during the procedure was statistically lower in group L than in the control group (157.25 ± 39.16 mg vs 228.75 ± 64.62 mg respectively, P < 0.001). Additionally, recovery time was statistically faster in group L compared with the control group (7.78 ± 3.95 min vs 11.92 ± 3.24 min respectively, P < 0.001). The oropharyngeal reflex was less in group L than control group (6/40 vs 15/40 respectively, P = 0.042). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding visual analogue scale scores and endoscopist satisfaction (P > 0.05).ConclusionsWe recommend the use of intravenous lidocaine before the ERCP procedure as it reduces propofol consumption, recovery times, and oropharyngeal reflex.
Safety and immunogenicity of 17DD attenuated yellow fever vaccine in howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.)
Authors: Tavares da Silva Fernandes André , Moreira Silvia Bahadian , Gaspar Luciane Pinto , Simões Marisol , Cajaraville Ana Carolina dos Reis Albuquerque , Pereira Renata Carvalho , Gomes Mariana Pierre de Barros , Linhares José Henrique Rezende , Santos Vanessa de Oliveira , Santos Renata Tourinho , Amorim Juliana Fernandes , Barros Tamiris Azamor da Costa , Melgaço Juliana Gil , da Silva Andréa Marques Vieira , Fernandes Camilla Bayma , Tubarão Luciana Neves , da Silva Jane , Caride Elena Cristina , Borges Maria Beatriz , Guimarães Rosane Cuber , Marchevsky Renato Sérgio , de Lima Sheila Maria Barbosa , Ano Bom Ana Paula Dinis , Neves Patrícia Cristina da Costa , Pissinatti Alcides , Freire Marcos da Silva 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlouatta spp. are highly susceptible to yellow fever (YF) infection and develop an often fatal disease. The threat posed by an outbreak started in 2016 leads us to investigate vaccination as a potential tool in preventing YF in non‐human primates (NHP).MethodsSusceptible howler monkeys were immunized with three different concentrations of the human Brazilian commercial YF17DD vaccine. Post‐vaccination viremia/RNAemia, immunogenicity, and safety were characterized.ResultsThe vaccine did not produce YF clinical manifestations in any of the NHPs. After immunization, all animals seroconverted demonstrating the ability of the YF vaccine to induce humoral response in Alouatta species.ConclusionsThe present work has demonstrated the safe and immunogenic profile of the existing YF 17DD vaccine in howler monkeys. This knowledge may support further studies with other susceptible monkey species and provide a possible solution for controlling epizootics and preventing the devastation of endangered species.
Treating disorders across the lifespan by modulating cholinergic signaling with galantamine
Authors: Metz Christine N. , Pavlov Valentin A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdvances in understanding the regulatory functions of the nervous system have revealed neural cholinergic signaling as a key regulator of cytokine responses and inflammation. Cholinergic drugs, including the centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine, which are in clinical use for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, have been rediscovered as anti‐inflammatory agents. Here, we provide a timely update on this active research and clinical developments. We summarize the involvement of cholinergic mechanisms and inflammation in the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia, and the effectiveness of galantamine treatment. We also highlight recent findings demonstrating the effects of galantamine in preclinical and clinical settings of numerous conditions and diseases across the lifespan that are characterized by immunological, neurological, and metabolic dysfunction.
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An anatomical comparison of the fasciae of the thigh: A macroscopic, microscopic and ultrasound imaging study
Authors: Pirri Carmelo , Fede Caterina , Petrelli Lucia , Guidolin Diego , Fan Chenglei , De Caro Raffaele , Stecco Carla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough the number of Ultrasound (US) imaging studies investigating the fascial layers are becoming more numerous, the majority tend to use different reference points and terminology to describe their findings. The current work set out to compare macroscopic and microscopic data of specimens of the fascial layers of the thigh with US imaging findings. Specimens of the different fascial layers of various regions of the thigh were collected for macroscopic and histological analyses from three fresh cadavers and compared with in vivo US images of the thighs of 20 healthy volunteers. The specimens showed that the subcutaneous tissue of the thigh is made up of three layers: a superficial adipose layer, a membranous layer/superficial fascia, and a deep adipose layer. The deep fascia is composed of an aponeurotic fascia, which envelops all the thigh muscles and is laterally reinforced by the iliotibial tract and an epimysial fascia, which is specific for each muscle. The morphometric measurements of the thickness of the superficial fascia were different (anterior: 153.2 ± 39.3 µm; medial: 128.4 ± 24.7 µm; lateral: 154 ± 28.9 µm; and posterior: 148.8 ± 33.2 µm) as were those of the deep fascia (anterior: 556.8 ± 176.2 µm; medial: 820.4 ± 201 µm; lateral: 1112 ± 237.9 µm; and posterior: 730.4 ± 186.5 µm). The US scans showed a clear picture of the superficial adipose tissue, the superficial fascia, and the deep adipose tissue, as well as the deep fasciae. The epimysial and aponeurotic fasciae of only some topographic areas could be independently identified. The US imaging findings confirmed that the superficial and deep fascia have different thicknesses, and they showed that the US measurements were always larger with respect to those produced by histological analysis (p < 0.001) probably due to shrinkage during the processing. The posterior region (level 1) of the superficial fascia had, for example, a mean thickness of 0.56 ± 0.12 mm at US, while the histological analysis showed that it was 148.8 ± 33.2 µm. Showing a similar pattern, the thickness of the deep fascia was as follows: 1.64 ± 0.85 mm versus 730.4 ± 186.5 µm. Study results have confirmed that US can be considered a valid, non‐invasive instrument to evaluate the fascial layers. In any event, there is a clear need for a set of standardised protocols since the thickness of the fascial layers of different parts of the human body varies and the data obtained using inaccurate reference points are not reproducible or comparable. Given the inconsistent terminology used to describe the fascial system, it would also be important to standardise the terminology used to define its parts. The difficulty in distinguishing between the epimysial and aponeurotic/deep fascia can also impede data interpretation.
Comparison of tumescent local anesthesia vs normal anesthesia technology in upper blepharoplasty in Asian women
Authors: Cao Lin , Zhu Fei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBlepharoplasty is the most common type of plastic surgery, used to improve most of the eyelid skin sag caused by aging. In the past, local infiltration anesthesia was widely used in blepharoplasty. Tumescent local analgesia (TLA) is safe and reliable method for anesthesia, even children can use this method.AimsThis research aimed to systematically compare the differences between conventional local infiltration anesthesia and TLA in blepharoplasty.Patients/MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐eight bilateral upper blepharoplasty patients participated in this research. Visual analog scale (VAS) was employed to evaluate the postoperative pain in the patients. Periorbital appearances are based on light photography and judged by both medical and nonmedical panel.ResultsThe use of TLA decreased the surgery duration but had no influence on the other surgery characteristics of upper blepharoplasty. Using TLA for anesthesia in bilateral upper blepharoplasty generated less pain than using local infiltration anesthesia. At day 7 after upper blepharoplasty, the rate of generation of both ecchymosis and erythema in normal anesthesia (NA) side were higher than in TLA side. The satisfaction of patients after upper blepharoplasty was not influenced by the use of different anesthesia methods.ConclusionCompared with the normal anesthesia technology, the use of TLA in the upper blepharoplasty shortened the surgery duration, alleviated the postoperative pain, and mitigated the generation of ecchymosis and erythema. So, TLA is suitable for the performance of anesthesia in blepharoplasty.
Broad ligament pregnancy: A case series and literature review
Authors: Gao Jie , Liu Liu , Fang Jing , Wang Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBroad ligament pregnancies are rare and are often misdiagnosed, leading to serious consequences. In our hospital, we have treated six broad ligament pregnancies since 2000. They were diagnosed and operated on promptly, and treatment was successful. Ultrasound can detect early ectopic pregnancies promptly and effectively, avoiding advanced ectopic pregnancies. Early broad ligament pregnancies should be operated on promptly, and laparoscopic therapy is preferable. During the operation, attention must be paid to avoid massive bleeding and protect the ureter, because the ectopic gestational sac is located near the uterine artery and the ureter.