bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early detection and follow‐up of colorectal neoplasia based on faecal volatile organic compounds
Authors: Bosch S. , Bot R. , Wicaksono A. , Savelkoul E. , van der Hulst R. , Kuijvenhoven J. , Stokkers P. , Daulton E. , Covington J. A. , de Meij T. G. J. , de Boer N. K. H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimEarly detection and removal of colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenomas (AAs) decreases the incidence of and mortality from the disease. We aimed to evaluate the potential of faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for detection and follow‐up of colorectal adenoma using advanced electronic nose technology.MethodThis was a prospective multi‐centre case–control cohort including two district hospitals and one tertiary referral hospital. Patients undergoing colonoscopy were instructed to collect a faecal sample prior to bowel cleansing and were included in the study when CRC, AAs, large adenomas (LAs; 0.5–1.0 cm), small adenomas (SAs; 0.1–0.5 cm) or no endoscopic abnormalities (controls) were observed. Patients undergoing polypectomy and controls were asked for a second sample after 3 months. Faecal VOCs were measured with gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry. Random forest, support vector machine, Gaussian process and neural net classification were used to evaluate accuracy.ResultsIn total, 14 patients with CRC, 64 with AAs, 69 with LAs, 127 with SAs and 227 controls were included. A second sample was collected from 32 polypectomy patients and 32 controls. Faecal VOCs discriminated CRC and adenomas from control [AUC (95% CI): CRC vs control 0.96 (0.89–1); AA vs control 0.96 (0.93–1); LA vs control 0.96 (0.92–0.99); SA vs control 0.96 (0.94–0.99)]. There were no significant differences between CRC and adenoma groups. Patients with adenomas and controls were discriminated prior to polypectomy, whereas 3 months after polypectomy VOC profiles were similar [T0 adenoma vs control 0.98 (0.95–1); T1 adenoma vs control 0.55 (0.40–0.69)].ConclusionsFaecal VOC profiles may be useful for early detection of CRC and adenomas and the timing of polyp surveillance as polypectomy led to a normalization of the VOC profile.
Drought vulnerability among China's ungulates and mitigation offered by protected areas
Authors: Zhang Lyubing , Pacifici Michela , Li Binbin V. , Gibson Luke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOngoing perturbations in the global climate have triggered changes in the frequency or magnitude of extreme climatic events, including drought. Increasingly common or intense droughts have threatened ungulates. Intensifying trend of drought has been observed in China since the 1980s. We assessed drought vulnerability of 60 ungulate taxa distributed in China by synthesizing information on drought exposure and intrinsic vulnerability related to biological traits. In total, 27 taxa were identified as vulnerable to drought, which represent over half of the taxa assessed as threatened in the IUCN Red List and China's National Red List. We identified hotspots where a high number of drought‐vulnerable taxa are concentrated, including Northeast Himalayan subalpine conifer forests, alpine conifer and mixed forests of Nujiang‐Lancang Gorge, and Qionglai‐Minshan conifer forests, which are all located in Southwest China. We also assessed conservation efforts that China has allocated to ungulate taxa vulnerable to drought. Drought‐vulnerable taxa that are endemic to China have significantly lower coverage in China's National Nature Reserve system compared with nonvulnerable taxa. These findings reveal the gaps in existing conservation efforts and indicate possible improvements that might be needed to maintain species resistance in the face of increasing and intensifying drought impacts.
How do practitioners characterize land tenure security?
Authors: Masuda Yuta J. , Kelly Allison C. , Robinson Brian E. , Holland Margaret B. , Bedford Charles , Childress Malcolm , Game Edward T. , Ginsburg Chloe , Hilhorst Thea , Lawry Steven W. , Miteva Daniela A. , Musengezi Jessica , Naughton‐Treves Lisa , Sunderlin William D. , Veit Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImproving land tenure security (LTS) is a significant challenge for sustainable development. The Sustainable Development Goals and other recent global initiatives have renewed and increased the need to improve LTS to address climate change, biodiversity loss, food security, poverty reduction, and other challenges. At the same time, policymakers are increasingly interested in evidence‐based policies and decisions, creating urgency for practitioners and researchers to work together. Yet, incongruent characterizations of LTS (identifying the key components of LTS) by practitioners and researchers can limit collaboration and information flows necessary for research and effective policymaking. While there are systematic reviews of how LTS is characterized in the academic literature, no prior study has assessed how practitioners characterize LTS. We address this gap using data from 54 interviews of land tenure practitioners working in 10 countries of global importance for biodiversity and climate change mitigation. Practitioners characterize LTS as complex and multifaceted, and a majority of practitioners refer tode jureterms (e.g., titling) when characterizing it. Notably, in our data just one practitioner characterized LTS in terms of perceptions of the landholder, contrasting the recent emphasis in the academic literature on landholder perceptions in LTS characterizations. Researchers should be aware of incongruence in how LTS is characterized in the academic literature when engaging practitioners.
Does elevation influence mayfly emergence timing? A case study using New Zealand's endemic ephemeropteran fauna
Authors: McCulloch Graham A. , Ingram Travis , Waters Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2020

1. The timing of adult emergence in stream insects is tightly constrained by environmental cues. Emergence is therefore predicted to be delayed at higher elevations, although few studies have empirically demonstrated this phenomenon.2. We analysed the collection records of New Zealand's entire endemic mayfly fauna (52 species, 20 genera, 8 families) to test for correlations between adult emergence timing and elevation.3. Significant positive associations between emergence timing and elevation were detected in more than half (11/21) of the taxa included in detailed analyses, with emergence delays for individual taxa (mean 3.2 ± 2.6 days per 100 m) similar to those previously observed in other freshwater insect taxa. Interspecific analyses accounting for phylogenetic relatedness revealed a non‐significant positive relationship (P = 0.14) between median elevation and median collection date.4. While elevation often has significant effects on insect emergence, these results also emphasise the idiosyncratic responses of individual insect taxa to environmental conditions. More detailed temporal studies are crucial for assessing the ongoing impacts of climate‐driven shifts on insect phenology.
Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions for people with recent‐onset psychosis: A systematic review
Authors: Li Yan , Coster Samantha , Norman Ian , Chien Wai Tong , Qin Jing , Ling Tse Mei , Bressington Dan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly intervention for psychosis is recommended because the first 5 years beyond the first episode is considered the critical period within which individuals have the most potential to maximize their response to treatment and recovery. Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) have been studied extensively in diverse disease groups, but research in people with recent‐onset psychosis is still immature.AimThis review aims to explore the feasibility, acceptability and summarize any effectiveness data on of the MBIs for people with recent‐onset psychosis reported by the study authors.MethodsA systematic search of original intervention research studies relevant to the topic published between January 2000 and August 2019 was conducted with 10 databases. Articles published in English with accessible full text were included.ResultsA total of eight studies were included, which reported recruitment rates of between 62.5% and 100%, withdrawal rates between 0% and 37.5% and attendance rates of between 56% and 100%. Participants' qualitative feedback indicated high levels of satisfaction with the MBIs. The intervention approaches adopted in the reviewed studies include mindfulness‐based interventions, acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion‐based interventions. MBIs have produced promising positive effects on participants' psychiatric and psychosocial outcomes.ConclusionThis review confirms that MBIs are generally feasible and acceptable for people with recent‐onset psychosis. The preliminary results suggested the potential effects of MBIs in this area. Fully powered randomized controlled trials are suggested to confirm the effectiveness and exploratory studies to gain greater insight into the active components and mechanism of actions of MBIs for recent‐onset psychosis.
Psychometric properties of the Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale‐Revised in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Nearchou Finiki , O'Driscoll Claire , McKeague Lynn , Heary Caroline , Hennessy Eilis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the factorial validity and reliability of the Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale (PMHSS) in adolescents and young adults.MethodsYoung people (N = 963) aged 12 to 25 years (M = 16.1, SD = 3.08) were recruited across two studies. Study 1 included adolescents (n = 776) recruited from secondary schools and study 2 included young adults (n = 187) recruited from universities. All participants completed the PMHSS.ResultsExploratory factor analysis resulted in a bi‐factorial solution of the PMHSS by retaining 11 items out of the original 16 that loaded on the latent factors of stigma agreement and stigma awareness. Confirmatory factor analysis established the factor structure of the tool in adolescents and young adults.ConclusionsThis shorter version of the PMHSS remains the only validated tool that measures stigma awareness and stigma agreement in youth. We recommend that this version is used in future research.
Grassland management effects on earthworm communities under ambient and future climatic conditions
Authors: Singh Jaswinder , Cameron Erin , Reitz Thomas , Schädler Martin , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe impacts of climate change on biodiversity can be modulated by other changing environmental conditions (e.g. induced by land‐use change). The potential interactive effects of climate change and land use have rarely been studied for soil organisms. To test the effects of changing climatic conditions and land use on soil invertebrates, we examined earthworm communities across different seasons in different grassland‐use types (intensively managed grassland, extensively managed meadow and extensively managed sheep pasture). We predicted that the strength of climate change effects would vary with season and land use. Overall, extracted earthworm populations showed the strongest variations in response to the season, indicating major differences in activity patterns and extraction efficiency, whereas climate change and different grassland‐use types had fewer and weaker effects. Future climate, characterized by slightly higher precipitation in spring and autumn but a strong reduction during the summer, had positive effects on the abundance of extracted adult earthworms in spring but then reduced the abundance of active earthworms across the remaining seasons. In contrast, the total biomass of juveniles tended to be consistently lower under future climate conditions. Earthworm species responded differently to the climate change and different grassland management types, and these species‐specific responses further varied strongly across seasons. Intensive grassland management had negative effects, due to plant community composition, whereas sheep grazing favoured earthworm populations, due to dung deposition. There were only limited interactive effects between climate and land use, which thus did not support our main hypothesis. Nevertheless, these results highlight the complex and context‐dependent responses of earthworm communities and activity patterns to climate change, with potential consequences for long‐term population dynamics and crucial ecosystem functions.Highlights
We explored earthworm communities in response to climate change, different grassland‐use types and seasons
Climate had species‐specific effects on active earthworms, but few interactions with land‐use type
Intensive grassland management decreased, but sheep grazing favoured, active earthworm populations
Strong seasonal variations in earthworm activity periods will be modulated by climate change
Inter‐ and intramolecular regulation of protein depupylation in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Hecht Nir , Becher Mika , Korman Maayan , Vishkautzan Marina , Gur Eyal 
Published: February 2020

Whereas intracellular proteolysis is essential for proper cellular function, it is a destructive process, which must be tightly regulated. In some bacteria, a Pup‐proteasome system tags target proteins for degradation by a bacterial proteasome. Pup, a small modifier protein, is attached to target proteins by PafA, the sole Pup ligase, in a process termed pupylation. In mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pup undergoes a deamidation step by the enzyme Dop prior to its PafA‐mediated attachment to a target. The catalytic mechanism of Pup deamidation is also used by Dop to perform depupylation, namely the removal of Pup from already tagged proteins. Hence, Dop appears to play contradictory roles: On the one hand, deamidation of Pup promotes pupylation, while on the other hand, depupylation reduces tagged protein levels. To avoid futile pupylation–depupylation cycles, Dop activity must be regulated. An intramolecular regulatory mechanism directs Dop to catalyze deamidation more effectively than depupylation. A complementary intermolecular mechanism results in Dop depletion under conditions where protein pupylation and degradation are favorable. In this work, we studied these regulatory mechanisms and identified a flexible loop in Dop, previously termed the Dop‐loop, that acts as an intramolecular regulatory element that allosterically controls substrate preference. To investigate regulation at the intermolecular level, we used the CRISPR interference system to knock down the expression of M. smegmatis ATP‐dependent intracellular proteases and found that the ClpCP protease is responsible for Dop depletion under starvation conditions. These findings clarify previous observations and introduce a new level for the regulation of Dop activity.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB database under the accession numbers 4BJR and 4B0S.
Disturbance cues as a source of risk assessment information under natural conditions
Authors: Goldman Jack A. , Désormeaux Isabelle S. , Brown Grant E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDisturbance cues are released by stressed or disturbed prey prior to a predator attack and convey useful risk assessment information regarding local threats. While studies have shown that disturbance cues may be important early on within the predation sequence (prior to an attack), their role in predator–prey interactions remains relatively overlooked by ecologists. Critically, experimental studies examining disturbance cues, especially among prey fishes, have been conducted primarily under laboratory or semi‐natural conditions.Here, we tested the prediction that disturbance cues function as sources of risk assessment information in situ. We exposed Trinidadian guppies, in two natural populations differing in predation risk, to a model predator paired with stream water or the disturbance cue collected from guppies from either a high‐ or low‐predation risk population.We found that the predator inspection response of guppies to disturbance cues depends on the level of risk of both the focal and the cue source population. Guppies from both populations exhibited increased latencies to inspect, lower inspection rates and reduced inspecting group sizes towards the model paired with conspecific disturbance cues versus a stream water control. Interestingly, guppies of both populations showed evidence of higher perceived predation risk towards the disturbance cues collected from high‐predation risk donors compared to low‐predation risk donors.Our results support the hypothesis that disturbance cues function as a source of information used by prey fish in the assessment of predation risk and provide the first evidence of disturbance cue function under fully natural conditions.
Occurrence frequencies and regional variations in Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) global active fires
Authors: Li Peng , Xiao Chiwei , Feng Zhiming , Li Wenjun , Zhang Xianzhou 
Published: February 2020

AbstractActive fires are considered to be the key contributor to, and critical consequence of, climate change. Quantifying the occurrence frequency and regional variations in global active fires is significant for assessing carbon cycling, atmospheric chemistry, and postfire ecological effects. Multiscale variations in fire occurrence frequencies have still never been fully investigated despite free access to global active fire products. We analyzed the occurrence frequencies of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) active fires at national, pan‐regional (tropics and extratropics) to global scales and at hourly, monthly, and annual scales during 2012–2017. The results revealed that the accumulated occurrence frequencies of VIIRS global active fires were up to 12,193 × 104, yet exhibiting slight fluctuations annually and with respect to the 2014–2016 El Niño event, especially during 2015. About 35.52% of VIIRS active fires occurred from July to September, particularly in August (13.06%), and typically between 10:00 and 13:00 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT; 42.96%) and especially at 11:00 GMT (17.65%). The total counts conform to a bimodal pattern with peaks in 5°–11°N (18.01%) and 5°–18°S (32.46%), respectively, alongside a unimodal distribution in terms of longitudes between 15°E and 30°E (32.34%). Tropical annual average of active fire (1,496.81 × 104) accounted for 75.83%. Nearly 30% were counted in Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Indonesia, and Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA). Fires typically occurred between June (or August) and October (or November) with far below‐average rainfall in these countries, while those in MSEA primarily occurred between February and April during the dry season. They were primarily observed between 00:00 and 02:00 GMT, between 12:00 and 14:00 within each Zone Time. We believed that VIIRS global active fires products are useful for developing fire detection algorithms, discriminating occurrence types and ignition causes via correlation analyses with physical geographic elements, and assessment of their potential impacts.
Morphological sorting of introduced freshwater fish species within and between donor realms
Authors: Su Guohuan , Villéger Sébastien , Brosse Sébastien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo determine which morphological characteristics make a fish species a good candidate for introduction and establishment, we tested whether (a) introduced species differ in morphology from non‐introduced species (species only existing in native areas and not introduced to new areas) in each donor assemblage (biogeographic realm fauna); (b) within the introduced species, the morphology of established species (self‐sustaining introduced species) differs from that of the non‐established species; (c) within the established species, those exported out of their native realm have more extreme morphological traits than those translocated within their native realm.Major taxa studiedFreshwater fish.LocationGlobal.Time period1960s–2010s.MethodsWe used a global database of freshwater fishes from the six realms. Ten morphological traits were measured on 9,150 species. Principal component analysis was conducted to combine the 10 traits into a multidimensional morphospace. We used permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and permutational analysis for the multivariate homogeneity of dispersions (PERMDISP2) to compare the distribution of species groups in the morphospace and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests to compare their distributions on principal component (PC) axes.ResultsThe morphology of introduced species differed from that of non‐introduced species in all the six biogeographic realms. Among introduced species, established species had more extreme morphological traits than non‐established species in most realms. Among established species, exported species had more extreme morphological traits than translocated species.Main conclusionsMorphological differences between introduced and non‐introduced species was driven by an anthropogenic trait selection for fisheries and angling, leading to the preference for the introduction of predators with large and laterally compressed bodies. Established species represent a small subset of introduced species morphologies, with established species having more extreme morphological traits than their non‐established counterparts. Established fish have morphologies more adapted to lentic waters, and this trend was more marked for species exported to other realms than for species translocated within their native realm.
Knee osteoarthritis and its association with mental health and health‐related quality of life: A nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Park Hye‐Min , Kim Hyoung‐Sik , Lee Yong‐Jae 
Published: February 2020

AimTo investigate the relationship between knee osteoarthritis, mental health and health‐related quality of life (QoL).MethodsThis study included 6343 men and women aged ≥50 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Osteoarthritis was defined as Kellgren–Lawrence grade ≥2 in the knee on radiographic images with knee pain. Mental health and health‐related QoL were assessed according to three dimensions (depressive mood, psychological distress and suicidal ideation) and five domains (impaired mobility, impaired self‐care, impaired usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression). The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mental health and health‐related QoL were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsCompared with the control group, the odds ratios for depressive mood, psychological distress and suicidal ideation in the osteoarthritis group were 2.80 (95% CI 1.31–3.31), 1.92 (95% CI 1.21–3.05) and 1.97 (95% CI 1.31–2.94) in men, and 1.51 (95% CI 1.16–1.95), 1.36 (95% CI 1.07–1.72) and 1.92 (95% CI 1.49–2.46) in women after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Similarly, the odds ratios for impaired mobility, impaired self‐care, impaired usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression in the osteoarthritis group were 12.37 (95% CI 8.17–18.72), 3.02 (95% CI 1.84–4.94), 7.33 (95% CI 4.89–10.98), 8.92 (95% CI 5.92–13.45) and 2.56 (95% CI 1.52–4.29) in men, and 8.29 (95% CI 6.41–10.73), 2.53 (95% CI 1.74–3.69), 4.40 (95% CI 3.33–5.80), 4.79 (95% CI 3.72–6.17) and 1.85 (1.44–2.37) in women after adjusting for the same covariables.ConclusionsKnee osteoarthritis was significantly associated with deteriorated mental health and health‐related QoL in middle‐aged and older men and women.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 379–383.