bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic analysis and isothermal bainitic transformation kinetics in lean medium-Mn steels
Authors: Morawiec M. , Ruiz-Jimenez V. , Garcia-Mateo C. , Grajcar A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe work presents the results of thermodynamic analysis of two medium manganese steels with different Mn contents. The steels containing 3.1 and 3.6% of manganese were subjected to theoretical thermodynamic calculations using MUCG83 software and dilatometric experiments. The steels were heat-treated in two different isothermal holding temperatures of 400 and 350 °C for 15 min. The bainite transformation kinetics at different temperatures for different manganese contents was investigated. In the steel including 3.1% Mn, a complete transformation was obtained. The results indicated a strong influence of the holding temperature on the kinetics of bainitic transformation. It was related to the driving force of this process. When the manganese content was increased by 0.5%, an incomplete bainite transformation occurred. The microstructure investigations after heat treatment were performed using light and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD analysis to determine retained austenite amount and its carbon enrichment was performed. The microstructure of 3MnNb steel consisted of bainite and retained austenite with filmlike and blocky morphologies. The steel with the higher Mn content contained also fresh martensite for both isothermal holding temperatures.
The ethics of emergencies
Authors: Sterri Aksel Braanen , Moen Ole Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDo we have stronger duties to assist in emergencies than in nonemergencies? According to Peter Singer and Peter Unger, we do not. Emergency situations, they suggest, merely serve to make more salient the very extensive duties to assist that we always have. This view, while theoretically simple, appears to imply that we must radically revise common-sense emergency norms. Resisting that implication, theorists like Frances Kamm, Jeremy Waldron, and Larry Temkin suggest that emergencies are indeed normatively exceptional. While their approach is more in line with common-sense, however, it is theoretically less simple, and it is has proven difficult to justify the exception. In this paper we propose a model of emergencies that we call the Informal-Insurance Model, and explain how this can be used to combine theoretical simplicity with common-sense emergency norms.
Using life cycle assessment to quantify the environmental benefit of upcycling vine shoots as fillers in biocomposite packaging materials
Authors: David Grégoire , Croxatto Vega Giovanna , Sohn Joshua , Nilsson Anna Ekman , Hélias Arnaud , Gontard Nathalie , Angellier-Coussy Hélène 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThe objective of the present study was to better understand the potential environmental benefit of using vine shoots (ViShs), an agricultural residue, as filler in composite materials. For that purpose, a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of a rigid tray made of virgin poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) PHBV, polylactic acid (PLA) or polypropylene (PP), and increasing content of ViSh particles was performed. The contribution of each processing step in the life cycle on the different environmental impacts was identified and discussed. Furthermore, the balance between the environmental and the economic benefits of composite trays was discussed.MethodsThis work presents a cradle-to-grave LCA of composite rigid trays. Once collected in vineyards, ViShs were dried and ground using dry fractionation processes, then mixed with a polymer matrix by melt extrusion to produce compounds that were finally injected to obtain rigid trays for food packaging. The density of each component was taken into account in order to compare trays with the same volume. The maximum filler content was set to 30 vol% according to recommendations from literature and industrial data. The ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint Hierarchist (H) methodology was used for the assessment using the cutoff system model.Results and discussionThis study showed that bioplastics are currently less eco-friendly than PP. This is in part due to the fact that LCA does not account for, in existing tools, effects of microplastic accumulation and that bioplastic technologies are still under development with low tonnage. This study also demonstrated the environmental interest of the development of biocomposites by the incorporation of ViSh particles. The minimal filler content of interest depended on the matrices and the impact categories. Concerning global warming, composite trays had less impact than virgin plastic trays from 5 vol% for PHBV or PLA and from 20 vol% for PP. Concerning PHBV, the only biodegradable polymer in natural conditions in this study, the price and the impact on global warming are reduced by 25% and 20% respectively when 30 vol% of ViSh are added.ConclusionThe benefit of using vine shoots in composite materials from an environmental and economical point of view was demonstrated. As a recommendation, the polymer production step, which constitutes the most important impact, should be optimized and the maximum filler content in composite materials should be increased.
Studieren mit Pflegeverantwortung?
Authors: Mindermann Nele , Schattschneider Ralf , Busch Susanne 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Studierende als junge Erwachsene mit Pflegeverantwortung für eine nahestehende Person finden in der deutschsprachigen Forschungslandschaft bisher kaum Berücksichtigung, obwohl davon auszugehen ist, dass sie mit einer Mehrfachbelastung konfrontiert sind, die langfristig einen negativen Einfluss nicht nur auf den Studienverlauf haben kann. Vor dem Hintergrund gesundheitsförderlicher und präventiver Aspekte sind Erkenntnisse zur Zielgruppe daher insbesondere für Hochschulen von großer Relevanz.

Ziel der Arbeit
Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Studie ist die Erfassung der Pflege- und Unterstützungssituation von betroffenen Studierenden, die Darstellung der Nutzung von Unterstützungsangeboten und die Identifizierung von Ansätzen zur zielgruppengerechten Entlastung.

Material und Methoden
Zur Erreichung der Ziele wurde im Januar 2017 ein standardisierter Onlinesurvey an immatrikulierte Studierende (N = 16.964) der Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg versandt. Die Datenauswertung fand mithilfe deskriptiver Methoden und ausgewählter inferenzstatistischer Testverfahren statt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass ca. 15 % (n = 126) der Befragten regelmäßig in Pflege oder Unterstützung einer angehörigen Person eingebunden sind, wobei Art und Umfang der Unterstützung variieren. Studierende mit Pflegeverantwortung kümmern sich nicht nur um eine nahestehende Person, sie arbeiten zur Finanzierung des Studiums, bereiten sich auf Prüfungsleistungen vor und besuchen Seminare. Trotz z. T. hoher (Mehrfach‑)Belastung nutzen Studierende das Unterstützungsangebot der Hochschule nicht. Flexiblere (curriculare) Rahmenbedingungen werden als ein Ansatz identifiziert, um Studierenden die Vereinbarkeit von Studium, Privatleben und Pflege zu erleichtern.
Combined forest and soil management after a catastrophic event
Authors: Zanella Augusto , Ponge Jean-François , Andreetta Anna , Aubert Michael , Bernier Nicolas , Bonifacio Eleonora , Bonneval Karine , Bolzonella Cristian , Chertov Oleg , Costantini Edoardo A. C. , De Nobili Maria , Fusaro Silvia , Giannini Raffaello , Junod Pascal , Katzensteiner Klaus , Kwiatkowsk-Malina Jolantha , Menardi Roberto , Mo Lingzi , Mohammad Safwan , Schnitzler Annik , Sofo Adriano , Tatti Dylan , Hager Herbert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAt the end of October 2018, a storm of unprecedented strength severely damaged the forests of the eastern sector of the Italian Alps. The affected forest area covers 42,500 ha. The president of one of the damaged regions asked for help from the University of Padua. After eight months of discussion, the authors of this article wrote a consensus text. The sometimes asper debate brought to light some crucial aspects: 1) even experienced specialists may have various opinions based on scientific knowledge that lead to conflicting proposals for action. For some of them there is evidence that to restore a destroyed natural environment it is more judicious to do nothing; 2) the soil corresponds to a living structure and every ecosystem’s management should be based on it; 3) faced with a catastrophe, people and politicians find themselves unarmed, also because they rarely have the scientific background to understand natural processes. Yet politicians are the only persons who make the key decisions that drive the economy in play and therefore determine the near future of our planet. This article is an attempt to respond directly to a governor with a degree in animal production science, who formally and prudently asked a university department called “Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry” for help before taking decisions; 4) the authors also propose an artistic interpretation of facts (uncontrolled storm) and conclusions (listen to the soil). Briefly, the authors identify the soil as an indispensable source for the renewal of the destroyed forest, give indications on how to prepare a map of the soils of the damaged region, and suggest to anchor on this soil map a series of silvicultural and soil management actions that will promote the soil conservation and the faster recovery of the natural dynamic stability and resilience.
Conditions of spatiotemporal variability of the thickness of the ice cover on lakes in the Tatra Mountains
Authors: Solarski Maksymilian , Szumny Mirosław 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis research aimed to identify the impact of local climatic and topographic conditions on the formation and development of the ice cover in high-mountain lakes and the representativeness assessment of periodic point measurements of the ice cover thickness by taking into consideration the role of the avalanches on the icing of the lakes. Field works included measurement of the ice and snow cover thickness of seven lakes situated in the Tatra Mountains (UNESCO biosphere reserve) at the beginning and the end of the 2017/2018 winter season. In addition, morphometric, topographic and daily meteorological data of lakes from local IMGW (Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management) stations and satellite images were used. The obtained results enabled us to quantify the impact of the winter eolian snow accumulation on the variation in ice thickness. This variation was ranging from several centimetres up to about 2 meters and had a tendency to increase during the winter season. The thickest ice covers occurred in the most shaded places in the direct vicinity of rock walls. The obtained results confirm a dominating role of the snow cover in the variation of the ice thickness within individual lakes.
The Future of Paediatric Heart Interventions: Where Will We Be in 2030?
Authors: Kogure Tomohito , Qureshi Shakeel A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewCardiac catheterization therapies to treat or palliate infants, children and adults with congenital heart disease have developed rapidly worldwide in both technical innovation and device development in the previous three decades. By reviewing of current status of novel or development of devices and techniques, we will discuss what is likely to happen in paediatric heart intervention in the next decade.Recent FindingsRecently, biodegradable stents and devices, transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation for the native right ventricle outflow tract and MRI-guided interventions have been progressing rapidly with good immediate to early results. These are expected to be introduced and spread in the next decade although there are still challenges to overcome.SummaryThe future of paediatric heart intervention is very promising with rapid development of technological progress.
Define and exploit guidelines for interactive redesign of products’ User eXperience
Authors: Filippi Stefano , Motyl Barbara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNowadays, User eXperience (UX) is one of the main concerns in developing innovative products. This research develops the way to define and exploit guidelines for interactive redesign of the UX of products. Because of their origin, these guidelines will encompass all UX characteristics reputed as meaningful like usefulness, subjective feelings, motivational aspects, emotions, etc.; moreover, the redesign suggestions offered by these guidelines, as well as the procedures to collect and analyse the data to define other guidelines and suggest the best ways to implement them, push different competencies (engineers, UX experts, psychologists, etc.) to work in synergy, just like an interactive design context requires.
The influence of iron on selected properties of synthetic pheomelanin
Authors: Zadlo Andrzej , Mokrzyński Krystian , Ito Shosuke , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Sarna Tadeusz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is believed that while eumelanin plays photoprotective and antioxidant role in pigmented tissues, pheomelanin being more photoreactive could behave as a phototoxic agent. Although the metal ion-sequestering ability of melanin might be protective, transition metal ions present in natural melanins could affect their physicochemical properties. The aim of this research was to study iron binding by pheomelanin and analyze how such a binding affects selected properties of the melanin. Synthetic pheomelanin (CDM), prepared by enzymatic oxidation of DOPA in the presence of cysteine was analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, chemical analysis, and time-resolved measurements of singlet oxygen phosphorescence. Iron broadened EPR signal of melanin and increased its optical absorption. Iron bound to melanin exhibited EPR signal at g = 4.3, typical for high-spin iron (III). Iron bound to melanin significantly altered the kinetics of melanin photodegradation, which in turn modified the accessibility and stability of the melanin–iron complexes as indicated by the release of iron from melanin induced by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and KCN. Although bound to melanin iron little affects initial stages of photodegradation of CDM, the effect of iron becomes more pronounced at later stages of melanin photolysis.
Lipids Composition in Plant Membranes
Authors: Reszczyńska Emilia , Hanaka Agnieszka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper focuses on the selected plant lipid issues. Classification, nomenclature, and abundance of fatty acids was discussed. Then, classification, composition, role, and organization of lipids were displayed. The involvement of lipids in xantophyll cycle and glycerolipids synthesis (as the most abundant of all lipid classes) were also discussed. Moreover, in order to better understand the biomembranes remodeling, the model (artificial) membranes, mimicking the naturally occurring membranes are employed and the survey on their composition and application in different kind of research was performed. High level of lipids remodeling in the plant membranes under different environmental conditions, e.g., nutrient deficiency, temperature stress, salinity or drought was proved. The key advantage of lipid research was the conclusion that lipids could serve as the markers of plant physiological condition and the detailed knowledge on lipids chemistry will allow to modify their composition for industrial needs.
UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Analysis of 2,6 Toluene Diisocyanate and 2,4 Toluene Diisocyanate Released from Microa-gglomerated Corks in Wine
Authors: Corrias Francesco , Cossu Eleonora , Cardu Paolo , Angioni Alberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicro-agglomerate corks, made by agglutination of cork granulate through the addition of different adhesives, represent an important slice of the market of cork stoppers. Binder glues which are polyurethane- or butadiene-based have been used since they have strong agglomerating effect. Unfortunately, polyurethane-based glues can have isocyanide end group compounds which can migrate into the wine. 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and 2,6 toluene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), can be found in adhesive and could migrate into wine. A simple ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of these active ingredients (a.is.) in wine has been developed. The method has been validated under Eurachem CITAC guidelines (Cooperation on International Traceability in Analytical Chemistry). Instrument limit of detection (LOD) and to a limit of quantification (LOQ) for 2,6 TDI and 2,4 TDI were 0.42 and 0.39 μg/L, and 1.72 and 1.57 μg/L, respectively. Four different solvents applied for recoveries showed quite different rates ranging for 2,6 TDI and 2,4 TDI from 17.96 to 88.53 %, and 40.08 to 99.18 %, respectively. Real sample analysis showed low residue levels, especially of 2,6 TDI, with values always below the LOQ. The data reported on real samples allowed to establish that from a risk management purpose, no toxicology risk can be accomplished.
Difficulty in differentiating between IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Hamano Ai , Yamada Reiko , Kurata Kazunari , Tsuboi Junya , Inoue Hiroyuki , Tanaka Kyosuke , Horiki Noriyuki , Takei Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA 71-year-old man on prednisolone for immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related renal disease showed increased carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19–9 level; abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a lesion in the left lateral segment and dilatation of the peripheral biliary duct. He was referred to our hospital for detailed examination for suspected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. CT and magnetic resonance imaging findings were similar to those for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. However, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a smooth narrowing of the bile duct which suggested inflammatory disease. Liver biopsy was performed; IgG4-related hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) was diagnosed. IgG4-related hepatic IPTs are rare diseases that develop in association with the development of sclerosing cholangitis. Most of these lesions develop in the hepatic hilum and the imaging findings of these tumors are similar to those of hilar cholangiocarcinomas. Thus, hepatic IPTs are difficult to differentiate from malignancy; in some cases, surgical resection has been considered for establishing the diagnosis. In the present case, we could diagnose hepatic IPT on the basis of liver biopsy, which is the recommended approach in cases of suspected hepatic IPT.
First observations of Polar Mesospheric Echoes at both 31 MHz and 53.5 MHz over Svalbard (78.2°N 15.1°E)
Authors: Hall Chris , Adami Chris , Tsutsumi Masaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring summer 2020, observations of the mesosphere using a 53.5 MHz radar on Svalbard, at 78.2°N 15.1°E, revealed the well-known Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSE). At the same time, a co-located meteor detection radar, operating at 31 MHz detected corresponding echoes very distinct from those associated with meteor trails. Comparing as many days as possible during 2020, incontestable evidence arose to demonstrate that the meteor detection radar was capable of observing PMSE, although not in the optimised fashion of the 53.5 MHz system. We present examples of results from both systems, supplementing the earlier findings of Swarnalingam et al. (2009), and simultaneously show very first results from this particular geographical location.
The role of virtual reality in the changing landscape of surgical training
Authors: Abbas J R , Kenth J J , Bruce I A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused unprecedented challenges to surgical training across the world. With the widespread cancellations of clinical and academic activities, educators are looking to technological advancements to help ‘bridge the gap’ and continue medical education.SolutionsSimulation-based training as the ‘gold standard’ for medical education has limitations that prevent widespread adoption outside suitably resourced centres. Virtual reality has the potential to surmount these barriers, whilst fulfilling the fundamental aim of simulation-based training to provide a safe, effective and realistic learning environment.Current limitations and insights for futureThe main limitations of virtual reality technology include comfort and the restrictive power of mobile processors. There exists a clear developmental path to address these restrictions. Continued developments of the hardware and software set to deepen immersion and widen the possibilities within surgical education.ConclusionIn the post coronavirus disease 2019 educational landscape, virtual, augmented and mixed reality technology may prove invaluable in the training of the next generation of surgeons.
Rapid qualitative evidence syntheses (rQES) in health technology assessment: experiences, challenges, and lessons
Authors: Majid Umair , Weeks Laura 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Healthcare decision makers are increasingly demanding that health technology assessment (HTA) is patient focused, and considers data about patients' perspectives on and experiences with health technologies in their everyday lives. Related data are typically generated through qualitative research, and in HTA the typical approach is to synthesize primary qualitative research through the conduct of qualitative evidence synthesis (QES). Abbreviated HTA timelines often do not allow for the full 6–12 months it may take to complete a QES, which has prompted the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) to explore the concept of “rapid qualitative evidence synthesis” (rQES). In this paper, we describe our experiences conducting three rQES at CADTH, and reflect on challenges faced, successes, and lessons learned. Given limited methodological guidance to guide this work, our aim is to provide insight for researchers who may contemplate rQES. We suggest several lessons, including strategies to iteratively develop research questions and search for eligible studies, use search of filters and limits, and use of a single reviewer experienced in qualitative research throughout the review process. We acknowledge that there is room for debate, though believe rQES is a laudable goal and that it is possible to produce a quality, relevant, and useful product, even under restricted timelines. That said, it is vital to recognize what is lost in the name of rapidity. We intend our paper to advance the necessary debate about when rQES may be appropriate, and not, and enable productive discussions around methodological development.