bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Secondary School Students of Bharatpur-10.
Authors: Panthi Srijana , Upadhyaya Hari Prasad , Prasai Neeti , Prasai Meera , Pathak Priya 
Published: December 2020

Background: Obesity is one of the major public health problems worldwide. The trend has been increasing in lower socioeconomic country like Nepal. Obesity and overweight are prevalent in all age groups and responsible for various health issues. Children and adolescent group are more vulnerable in developing countries like ours. So, this study is aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among secondary school students of Bharatpur-10.
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done on class 9 and10 (Two private and two government secondary schools) of Bharatpur-10 Municipality, Chitwan. A predesigned questionnaire was distributed among the students. Weight was recorded by standardized weighing machine and height by metallic measuring tape. Body mass index was calculated by appropriate formula.
Results: There were 266 students (55.6% male and 44.6% female) in this study with the mean age of 14.91 years and majority (74.8%) were in age group 13-15 years. 9.77% students were overweight and 3% obese; overweight was prevalent in 8% male and 18% female students, and 6% public and 20% private school students. Students who take snacks during watching television were significantly overweight as compared to those who do not (13.33% vs 6.11%). There was no significant association between overweight and ethnicity/religion, type of family, number of siblings, family history of diabetes, socioeconomic status, food consumption frequency, hours of watching TV or not involving in physical activities in school.
Conclusions: This study found a relatively high prevalence of overweight among female students of 13-15 years age group from private school. Also eating snacks during watching television is associated with a higher BMI.
A Study on Home Safety Practices to Prevent Childhood Injuries Among Mothers
Authors: Avabratha Kadke Shreedhara , Chunduri Sujatha , Shenoy Kudpi Varadaraj 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Most unintentional injuries in children occur at home and many are preventable. Mothers and family’s role in injury prevention is very important. We intended to study the role of home safety practices in prevention of childhood injuries.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done using a questionnaire. Mothers of children aged one to five years were assessed about home safety practices to prevent childhood injuries. Questionnaire included personal data about the participants such as age, occupation, education, family size and number of children. Safety practices followed by mothers to prevent six types of injuries namely burn, cut, fall, drowning, poisoning and choking were noted.
Results: Of the 150 mothers interviewed, 104 were aged below 30 years, 88 were educated up to high school and 130 were housewives. Thirty mothers reported some kind of injury sustained by their children, of which twenty-one were falls. Among precautionary measures mother – behaviour safety initiatives e.g. checking the hot water temperature (88%) or not leaving child alone (92%) got better responses than passive or environmental modifications e.g. using electrical – outlet protection (44%), staircase gates (52%). Overall safety practices were reasonably good with the majority scoring above 50%. Age, education, number of children, occupation of the mother, child age and history of injury did not correlate with the level of safety practices.
Conclusions: Mothers’ home safety practices to prevent childhood injuries were relatively better in majority of the study population. Mother’s age, educational level, occupation, number of children, child’s age and history of injury did not affect how mother and her family practiced safety measures.
Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of COVID-19 in Nepali Children: An Initial Experience
Authors: Sharma Arun K , Chapagain Ram H , Bista Krishna P , Bohara Roma , Chand Bharat , Chaudhary Nanda K , Mishra Pradip , Shrestha Sandeep , Rana Netra , Singh Jamun , Baseula Yuba Nidhi , Sharma Yog Raj , Sharma Samana , Ghimire Sunita 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 has spread all around the world with huge toll of human lives and suffering since it evolved in China. Nepal had slow rise in morbidity due to COVID 19 in early days but has been gripped by the pandemic's exponential growth lately. This study was conducted with the aim to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of Nepali children in early phase of the pandemic.
Methods: This was an observational study conducted at 11 COVID care centres designated by the Government of Nepal with availability of supervision by paediatricians between January and August 2020 in children under 18 years of age diagnosed with COVID 19. Data was collected based on definitions outlined in data collection resources available at WHO-ISARIC Global COVID-19 clinical resources platform and analysed.
Results: One hundred and twenty one children diagnosed with COVID 19 who presented to the designated centres were enrolled. Majority of children (83.4%) were identified as a part of contact tracing, 28.1% had an identified contact to a person with COVID 19 prior to their diagnosis and 20.7% had another household member diagnosed with COVID 19. The mean age of admitted children was 8.8 years (SD 5.6 years) with the largest proportion being adolescents (40.5%). Male (58.7%) children were more commonly affected. There were 15 (12.4%) infants and 8 (6%) of them were under two months of age. Most children (87, 71.9%) were asymptomatic, 21 (22.3%) had mild symptoms and six (4.9%) had moderately severe symptoms. Fever (18.2%) was the most commonly reported symptom. All children were discharged after a median of 14 days of hospitalisation.
Conclusions: Nepali children of all ages are affected by COVID 19 and present with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infection. Fever and respiratory symptoms are the most commonly reported symptoms. Most children do not develop complications. Continued surveillance in larger population of children as the pandemic unfolds will generate more stringent observations.
4. Grandparents in the Bronze Age?
Authors: Appleby Jo 
Published: December 2020

Evolutionary biology and ethnographic analogy suggest that grandparenting has been critical to the development of human life history and may even explain modern human longevity. However, the roles and functions of grandparents have not previously been investigated in later prehistoric contexts. Ethnographic studies show that grandparents take on an extremely wide range of roles worldwide, whether this is teaching knowledge and skills, providing childcare, or even taking on parental roles and titles. In many cases, grandparents play a critical role in the support and socialization of children. Understanding the roles of grandparents thus has the potential to transform our understanding of prehistoric household and family structures. Through a case study of the Early Bronze Age Traisental in Austria, I explore potential methods for identification of grandparents in the past, and consider the effects of social formations on grandparenting.
Peanut Response to Seeding Density and Digging Date in the Virginia-Carolina Region
Authors: Oakes J.C. , Balota M. , Jordan D.L. , Hare A.T. , Sadeghpour A. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Large-seeded virginia market type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars are common in Virginia and North Carolina, but cost more to plant than runner market type peanut cultivars when the goal is to establish the same plant population. Decreasing seeding density could help growers to reduce production costs, as long as thinner stands do not negatively impact yield and economic return. Selecting the optimum digging time is a decision that could significantly influence growers' production and economics. Field experiments were conducted in Virginia and North Carolina at four site-year environments in 2016 and 2017 to examine the influence of seeding density (109, 143, 180, and 200 thousand seeds/ha) and digging date (130, 140, and 150 days after planting [DAP]) on virginia type peanut cultivar (Bailey, Sullivan, Wynne) performance. Regardless of cultivar and digging date, the greatest pod yield (5930 kg/ha) was achieved from the 200 thousand seeds/ha density, but the 143 thousand seeds/ha density had the highest economic return ($2990/ha). At three of the four site-years, the 140 DAP digging date, i.e. 1400 to 1600 C growing degree days (GDD), produced the greatest pod yield (5470 kg/ha) and had the highest economic return ($2750/ha). While individual site-years should be monitored for digging date, growers should be prepared to dig the currently available cultivars from 1400 to no more than 1600 C accumulated GDD.
Registered Dietitians’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviour Related to Physical Activity and Sedentariness
Authors: Huntington Jessica , Dwyer John J.M. , Shama Sara , Brauer Paula 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To explore knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour related to physical activity (PA) and sedentariness among registered dietitians (RDs) in family health teams in Ontario. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study utilized a semi-structured interview guide to conduct qualitative interviews with 20 RDs. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess personal PA (short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and sedentary behaviour (Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire). Results: Thematic analysis indicated that, in general, participants had good knowledge of PA and sedentariness. They were knowledgeable about the PA guidelines. They had positive attitudes toward PA and nonsedentariness, stating that both are important in the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions. Quantitative analysis indicated they had moderate-to-high PA levels and were fairly sedentary. Conclusions: This study supports the position that RDs can serve as excellent role models for PA. Though participants had basic knowledge, RDs may benefit from additional education regarding PA and sedentariness when counselling.
Teknik Akupresur untuk Mengatasi Dismenorea: Sebuah Laporan Implementasi Ipteks bagi Masyarakat
Authors: Rahayu Heni Setyowati Esti , Wijayanti Kartika , Wardani Septi 
Published: December 2020

Dismenorea merupakan masalah yang paling sering dirasakan oleh remaja putri pada saat menstruasi. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akupresur merupakan salah satu metode terapi non farmakologi untuk mengatasi dismenorea dengan memijat pada titik-titik meridian. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan menerapkan teknik akupresur untuk mengatasi dismenorea di lingkungan OSIS SMA Muhammadiyah 1 dan SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kota Magelang. Metode yang dipakai dalam pengabdian ini dibagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan penyusunan laporan. Tahap persiapan terdiri dari menyiapkan bahan yang akan dipakai yaitu minyak zaitun dan tisu. Media yang disiapkan adalah PPT tentang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan remaja, menstruasi dan dismenorea serta akupresur untuk mengatasi dismenorea. Pada tahap pelaksanaan yaitu memberikan pelatihan kepada 30 remaja putri. Kegiatan pelatihan diawali dengan pretest dan diakhiri dengan posttest yang dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan selama dua bulan.
برامج ومجالات تمكين الشباب في إمارة أبوظبي
Authors: Alhammadi Fatma Abdulla , Al-Gharaibeh Fakir 
Published: December 2020

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل محتوى برامج تمكين الشباب في إمارة أبوظبي، وذلك من خلال التعرف إلى برامج التمكين التي تقدمها المؤسسات الحكومية في إمارة أبوظبي، وماهي مجالات التمكين التي تركز عليها تلك البرامج بالإضافة إلى درجة توافر أبعاد التمكين في كل مجال من مجالات التمكين الاجتماعي والاقتصادي والمشاركة في صنع القرار واحترام الآخر. استخدمت هذه الدراسة المنهج النوعي، وشملت عينة الدراسة (26) برنامجاً من برامج تمكين الشباب في الجهات المسؤولة عن تلك البرامج في إمارة أبوظبي.
وتمثلت أهم النتائج في أن برامج تمكين الشباب في إمارة أبوظبي تقدم من جهات على المستوى الاتحادي، وبعضها من قبل جهات محلية ، كما أن مجالات تمكين الشباب تتعدد وتتنوع ويأتي في مقدمتها التمكين الاجتماعي بنسبة (47.2%)، ثم التمكين الاقتصادي بنسبة (31.6%)، ثم المشاركة في صنع القرار واحترام الآخر (21.2%)، بالإضافة إلى أن أبعاد التمكين الاجتماعي ركزت على تنمية مهارات حل المشكلات ومهارات مواجهة التحديات فيما ركزت أبعاد التمكين الاقتصادي على تنمية المهارات المهنية واستثمار طاقات الشباب وتوظيف مواهبهم أما أبعاد المشاركة في صنع القرار واحترام الآخر ركزت على تكافؤ الفرص المتاحة للشباب في البرامج والمساواة بين الجنسين.
A study of detection of internal defects in CFRP using different modes of planar laser
Authors: Wang Qiang , Hu Qiuping , Qiu Jinxing , Pei Cuixiang , Zhou Hongbin , Li Xinyi 
Published: December 2020

The detection for internal defects of the practical aviation carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) using different modes of laser was discussed in this paper. The results show that the effect of the laser with long pulsed wave heating mode is the best, and then sawtooth wave mode is followed by sine wave mode. Besides, the valid image processing method plays a significant role in improving the effect of differential laser infrared thermography. Compared with the detection results of thermal lamp thermography, the effect of differential laser thermography is better. There are two main advantages of using a planar laser to heat the aviation carbon fiber composites: (1) the detection speed is so fast, which only takes a few seconds to complete the whole detection process; (2) laser method is more flexible than thermal lamp thermography because of the range detected can be adjusted according to the aim of experiments.
Designing a floor plan using aircraft seat comfort knowledge by aircraft interior experts
Authors: Anjani Shabila , Song Yu , Vink Peter 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Recent research indicated that an 18′′ ×30′′ aircraft seat resulted in nearly the same level of comfort as a 17′′ ×34′′ seat. However, it took less space in the floor plan. OBJECTIVES: This study explores seat layouts preferred by experts regarding different criteria. Those results of the experts are later compared to layouts produced by computational algorithms to evaluate the advantages of each method. METHODS: Eighty-eight experts in the field of aircraft interior were invited to make a floor plan of a part of a Boeing 777 aircraft where comfort was one of the main goals. Participants worked in groups of 3 and are given the freedom to design a section of the cabin between economy and first-class (5.87 m wide and 3.7 m long), where besides these two types of seats, an old business-class size seat of 20′′ ×36′′ was introduced as well for more flexibilities in design. Computational algorithms were also applied with the same inputs and constraints to generate layouts as a comparison. RESULTS: In total, 29 floor-plans were made, and these plans were analysed to compare against the complexity of the operations, the number of passengers on board, the revenue of the airline, and the width of the aisle. Results showed that 14 groups opted for the economy seats, while the rest utilized a hybrid setup where the business class seats were used in the configuration. These results are compared to the 126 computerized layouts generated. CONCLUSIONS: Among all layouts designed by experts, a combination of 28 18′′ ×30′′ seats and 20 17′′ ×34′′ seats had the highest potential revenue of US$21,984. This floor plan fits the regulations with an aisle width of 0.93 m. The computerized layout had a better outcome in maximizing profit of US$22,416 with 32 18′′ ×30′′ seats and 16 20′′ ×36′′ seats. However, the comfort of such results was to be explored as some seats were rotated 90 degrees.
Seat pitch and comfort of a staggered seat configuration
Authors: Liu Zhihui , Rotte T. , Anjani S. , Vink P. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Staggered seats are a solution for the Flying-V aircraft, where the cabin’s longitudinal axis has a 26 degrees angle with respect to the direction of flight, to compensate for an otherwise oblique sitting position. However, little is known on acceptable pitches in this staggered configuration. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research is to evaluate the comfort of different pitches for seats that are staggered relative to the cabin’s longitudinal axis. METHODS: Two rows of staggered seats are positioned at three different pitches (27, 29 and 31 inches). 53 participants were seated in each setup. For each, a questionnaire was completed including questions on comfort and discomfort, top view photos were taken to analyse postures and physical dimensions were recorded to define passengers’ space. RESULTS: Comfort as well as discomfort were significantly different for the three setups. The comfort at 27 inches was seen as unacceptably low. The 29 and 31-inch configurations showed to result in acceptable levels of comfort, comparable to higher-end seating layouts. There were very little complaints about space in lateral direction (elbow and seat width), showing the advantage of having your won armrest and shoulder space in the staggered configuration. Interesting was that at larger pitches more complaints were found for the seat characteristics, probably in the shorter pitch the other discomfort was overruling this. CONCLUSION: The 26-degree staggered configuration offers improvements in shoulder- and elbow-space. The results for the 29- and 31-inch are expected to allow enough design freedom for further exploration of such a configuration for the Flying-V cabin interior.
A multifactorial approach to specify comfortable rail seats
Authors: Smith Jordan , Phillips Stephen , Bowler Nic , Conway Harry , Caglar Levent 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: A robust rail seat comfort assessment can inform the GB rail industry when procuring new seats and identify areas for comfort improvement in the refurbishment of existing seats, improving the customer experience. OBJECTIVE: To take a multifactorial approach to measuring comfort and to create a robust seat comfort assessment method for the GB rail industry. METHODS: Seat comfort assessment scores were developed by identifying seat dimensions (e.g. Seat height, seat width, seat depth), seat pad thickness and hardness requirements, seat accessories and seat attractiveness components. Scores for each seat feature were verified by conducting a fitting trial and asking 7 participants to rank dimensions through a range of adjustment. The combined scoring of features was verified by asking 14 participants to rank seats in three configurations (<minimum comfort; minimum comfort;>minimum comfort). The seat comfort dimensions scores were then validated by ranking seven existing rail seats using the assessment method and comparing the ranks with subjective comfort ranks of 12 participants. RESULTS: The validation testing resulted in a moderate positive correlation, indicating an alignment between the seat comfort assessment method and subjective comfort scores. CONCLUSIONS: A multifactorial seat comfort assessment has been shown to be a good indicator of passenger seat comfort.
Pemberdayaan Wanita Tani Melalui Pengolahan Labu Kuning Menjadi Dodol Dan Roti Kasur Di Kecamatan Anggaberi
Authors: Saleh Leni , Saranani Milawati , Sarbiyah Sarty , Ati Hasni 
Published: December 2020

Peserta dalam kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat yang tergolong dalam Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Kartini Mandiri yang berada di Kelurahan Parauna Kecamatan Anggaberi Kabupaten Konawe. Berdasarkan tujuan dari kegiatan pelatihan pengolahan komoditas labu kuning yaitu memperkenalkan dan memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tambahan kepada masyarakat tentang teknologi pengolahan labu kuning menjadi dodol labu kuning dan roti kasur sehingga masyarakat dapat mengembangkan industri rumah tangga dan meningkatkan nilai ekonomis dari labu kuning dengan memberikan penyuluhan tentang manfaat dari labu kuning disertai dengan pelatihan dan praktek membuat dodol dan roti kasur dari labu kuning. Pengolahan dodol dan roti kasur dengan aneka variasi isian merupakan inovasi baru di Kelurahan Parauna. Keberhasilan pelaksanaan seluruh kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini tentunya mempunyai manfaat yang cukup baik bagi masyarakat pada umumnya dan pelaku industri rumah tangga khususnya.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER YANG TERINTEGRASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN EKONOMI DI MAN 9 JOMBANG
Authors: Dinaloni Diah , Amri Fahimul , Kurniati Ira 
Published: December 2020

Proses integrasi pendidikan karakter pada mata pelajaran ekonomi dilaksanakan mulai dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. MAN 9 Jombang merupakan salah satu sekolah yang mengutamakan menekankan pada nilai-nilai karakter pada peserta didik. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat faktor penghambat, misalnya penggunaan waktu yang sangat terbatas untuk mengawasi kegiatan dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: untuk mendeskripsikan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi implementasi pendidikan karakter yang terintegrasi dalam pembelajaran ekonomi di MAN 9 Jombang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis dokumen. Uji keabsahan data yang digunakan berupa triangulasi dan member checking. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Perencanaan dan pelaksanaan implementasi pendidikan karakter yang terintegrasi dalam pembelajaran ekonomi di MAN 9 Jombang sudah dilakukan secara baik, evaluasi implementasi pendidikan karakter yang terintegrasi dalam pembelajaran ekonomi di MAN 9 Jombang dalam ranah afektif belum cukup baik dilakukan oleh guru ekonomi. Hal ini dikarenakan guru kekurangan waktu mengembangkan semua nilai karakter yang dikembangkan dalam RPP, selain itu guru merasa kesulitan untuk menilai semua karakter peserta didik karena banyak peserta didik yang harus dinilai
The impacts of Acquisition on the Bidder’s Cash Flow Structure (The case of PT Central Sentosa Finance acquisition by PT Bank Central Asia)
Authors: Fitriningrun Andriati , Pulungan Andrey Hasiholan , Wijayanto Gilang Fajar 
Published: December 2020

<p align="center"><em>The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Merger and Acquisition (M&amp;A) wave on constructing the capital structure. The conflict of government policies to assist the Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is in conflict with the other regulation which requires banks to meet the minimum Net Performing Loan (NPIL). This situation encourages the emergence of M&amp;A wave in Indonesia. Numbers of banks do M&amp;A as the option to accommodate the government regulations. Using the case of PT Central Sentosa Finance (CSF) acquisition by PT Bank Central Asia (BCA), this study examines the M&amp;A impacts on the bidder’s capital structure when the acquisition due to the wave and government policy. The quantitative method is used to examine the impact of M&amp;A on the company’s capital structure focusing the 2014 acquisition. The study contributes to the accounting in the area of transparency and capital issues. The statistical results show that the potential policies conflict drives the company to prioritize the selection of funding.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>