bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaemia at admission is associated with poor clinical outcome in cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Silvis S. M. , Reinstra E. , Hiltunen S. , Lindgren E. , Heldner M. R. , Mansour M. , Ghiasian M. , Jood K. , Zuurbier S. M. , Groot A. E. , Arnold M. , Barboza M. A. , Arauz A. , Putaala J. , Tatlisumak T. , Coutinho J. M. ,   on behalf of the International CVT Consortium
Published: December 2019

Background and purposeAnaemia is associated with poor clinical outcome after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. The association between anaemia and outcome in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) was examined.MethodsConsecutive adult patients with CVT were included from seven centres. Anaemia at admission was scored according to World Health Organization definitions. Poor clinical outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score 3–6 at last follow‐up. A multiple imputation procedure was applied for handling missing data in the multivariable analysis. Using binary logistic regression analysis, adjustments were made for age, sex, cancer and centre of recruitment (model 1). In a secondary analysis, adjustments were additionally made for coma, intracerebral haemorrhage, non‐haemorrhagic lesion and deep venous system thrombosis (model 2). In a sensitivity analysis, patients with cancer were excluded.ResultsData for 952 patients with CVT were included, 22% of whom had anaemia at admission. Patients with anaemia more often had a history of cancer (17% vs. 7%, P < 0.001) than patients without anaemia. Poor clinical outcome (21% vs. 11%, P < 0.001) and mortality (11% vs. 6%, P = 0.07) were more common amongst patients with anaemia. After adjustment, anaemia at admission increased the risk of poor outcome [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–3.7, model 1]. Model 2 revealed comparable results (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.2), as did the sensitivity analysis excluding patients with cancer (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–3.8, model 1).ConclusionThe risk of poor clinical outcome is doubled in CVT patients presenting with anaemia at admission.
Air pollution forecasting based on attention‐based LSTM neural network and ensemble learning
Authors: Liu Duen‐Ren , Lee Shin‐Jye , Huang Yang , Chiu Chien‐Ju 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith air pollution having become a global concern, scientists are committed to working on its amelioration. In the field of air pollution prediction, there have been good results in experimental research so far, but few studies have integrated weather forecast information and the properties of air pollution drift. In this work, we propose a novel wind‐sensitive attention mechanism with a long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network model to predict the air pollution ‐ PM2.5 concentrations by considering the influence of wind direction and speed on the changes of spatial–temporal PM2.5 concentrations in neighbouring areas. Preliminary predictions for PM2.5 are then made by an LSTM neural network regarding neighbouring pollution; these predictions are “paid attention to” and we finally apply an ensemble learning method based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to combine the preliminary predictions with weather forecasting to make second phase predictions of PM2.5. The experiment is conducted using PM2.5 data and weather forecast data. Our results illustrate that the proposed method is superior to other methods in predicting PM2.5 concentrations, including multi‐layer perceptron, support vector regression, LSTM neural network, and extreme gradient boosting algorithm.
A survey on semanticized and personalized health recommender systems
Authors: Çelik Ertuğrul Duygu , Elçi Atilla 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHealth 3.0 is a health‐related extension of the Web 3.0 concept. It is based on the semantic Web which provides for semantically organizing electronic health records of individuals. Health 3.0 is rapidly gaining ground as a new research topic in many academic and industrial disciplines. Due to the recent rapid spread of wearable sensors and smart devices with access to social media, migrating health services from the traditional centre‐based health system to personal health care is inevitable. In this current era of greater personalization, treating patients' health problems according to their profile and medical data gathered is possible using the latest information technologies. Consequently, personalized health recommender systems have gained importance. Empowering the utility of advanced Web technology in personalized health systems is still challenging due to pressing issues, such as lack of low cost and accurate smart medical sensors and wearable devices, existing investment in legacy Web system architecture in health sector, heterogeneity of medical data gathered by myriad health care institutions and isolated health services, and interoperability issues as well as multi‐dimensionality of medical data. By tracing recent developments, this paper offers a systematic review through recent research on semantic Web‐enabled personalized health systems, namely, semanticized personalized health recommender systems with the key enabling technologies, major applications, and successful case studies. Critical questions derived from the research studies were discussed, and main directions of open issues were identified leading to recommendations for future study in the field of personalized health recommender systems.
Crayfish populations genetically fragmented in streams impounded for 36–104 years
Authors: Barnett Zanethia C. , Adams Susan B. , Ochs Clifford A. , Garrick Ryan C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Dams and their associated impoundments may restrict dispersal and gene flow among populations of numerous freshwater species within stream networks, leading to genetic isolation. This can reduce effective population sizes and genetic diversity, increasing the risk of local extinction.

We studied crayfishes from multiple up‐ and downstream sites in three impounded and two unimpounded streams in the Bear Creek and Cahaba River drainages, Alabama, U.S.A. Using mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene) sequence data generated from population‐level sampling of two abundant native crayfishes, Faxonius validus and Faxonius erichsonianus (Decapoda: Cambaridae), we assessed species’ spatial genetic structure and genetic diversity, estimated the magnitude and directionality of gene flow, and compared results between the species.

For both species, levels of genetic diversity (number of haplotypes, and haplotypic and nucleotide diversity) were the same or higher in impounded compared to unimpounded streams. Conversely, crayfish populations in up‐ and downstream sections of unimpounded streams displayed high genetic similarity and bidirectional gene flow, whereas in impounded streams, crayfish populations typically had greater up‐ and downstream genetic differentiation and predominantly unidirectional, downstream gene flow.

Although impoundments were associated with lower connectivity between up‐ and downstream sections for F. validus and F. erichsonianus, the magnitude of genetic effects was species‐specific, with greater differentiation between F. validus populations up‐ and downstream of impoundments.

In an ecologically short timeframe, impoundments appear to have fragmented stream crayfish populations, and even species with relatively high abundances and large ranges had lower gene flow among populations in impounded streams compared to unimpounded streams. In addition, feedbacks between genetic and demographic effects on fragmented populations may decrease the probability of long‐term persistence.
Age‐related alteration of emotional regulation in the BACHD rat model of Huntington disease
Authors: Lamirault Charlotte , Nguyen Huu Phuc , Doyère Valérie , El Massioui Nicole 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder, caused by an expanded CAG repeat in the gene encoding the huntingtin protein. At the premanifest phase, before motor symptoms occur, psychiatric and emotional disorders are observed with high prevalence in HD patients. Agitation, anxiety and irritability are often described but also depression and/or apathy, associated with a lack of emotional control. The aim of the present study was to better circumscribe and understand the emotional symptoms and assess their evolution according to the progression of the disease using a transgenic HD model, BACHD rats, at the age of 4, 12 and 18 months. To achieve this goal, we confronted animals to two types of tests: first, tests assessing anxiety like the light/dark box and the conflict test, which are situations that did not involve an obvious threat and tests assessing the reactivity to a present threat using confrontation with an unknown conspecific (social behavior test) or with an aversive stimulus (fear conditioning test). In all animals, results show an age‐dependent anxiety‐like behavior, particularly marked in situation requiring passive responses (light/dark box and fear conditioning tests). BACHD rats exhibited a more profound alteration than WT animals in these tests from an early stage of the disease whereas, in tasks requiring some kind of motivation (for food or for social contacts), only old BACHD rats showed high anxiety‐like behavior compared to WT, may be partly due to the other symptoms' occurrence at this stage: locomotor difficulties and/or apathy.
The temperature optima for tree seedling photosynthesis and growth depend on water inputs
Authors: Kumarathunge Dushan P. , Drake John E. , Tjoelker Mark G. , López Rosana , Pfautsch Sebastian , Vårhammar Angelica , Medlyn Belinda E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how tree growth is affected by rising temperature is a key to predicting the fate of forests in future warmer climates. Increasing temperature has direct effects on plant physiology, but there are also indirect effects of increased water limitation because evaporative demand increases with temperature in many systems. In this study, we experimentally resolved the direct and indirect effects of temperature on the response of growth and photosynthesis of the widely distributed species Eucalyptus tereticornis. We grew E. tereticornis in an array of six growth temperatures from 18 to 35.5°C, spanning the climatic distribution of the species, with two watering treatments: (a) water inputs increasing with temperature to match plant demand at all temperatures (Wincr), isolating the direct effect of temperature; and (b) water inputs constant for all temperatures, matching demand for coolest grown plants (Wconst), such that water limitation increased with growth temperature. We found that constant water inputs resulted in a reduction of temperature optima for both photosynthesis and growth by ~3°C compared to increasing water inputs. Water limitation particularly reduced the total amount of leaf area displayed at Topt and intermediate growth temperatures. The reduction in photosynthesis could be attributed to lower leaf water potential and consequent stomatal closure. The reduction in growth was a result of decreased photosynthesis, reduced total leaf area display and a reduction in specific leaf area. Water availability had no effect on the response of stem and root respiration to warming, but we observed lower leaf respiration rates under constant water inputs compared to increasing water inputs at higher growth temperatures. Overall, this study demonstrates that the indirect effect of increasing water limitation strongly modifies the potential response of tree growth to rising global temperatures.
Flux‐Corrected Transport with MT3DMS for Positive Solution of Transport with Full‐Tensor Dispersion
Authors: Yan Shuo , Valocchi Albert J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSolute transport is usually modeled by the advection‐dispersion‐reaction equation. In the standard approach, mechanical dispersion is a tensor with principal directions parallel and perpendicular to the flow vector. Since realistic scenarios include nonuniform and unsteady flow fields, the governing equation has full tensor mechanical dispersion. When conventional grid‐based numerical methods are used, approximation of the cross terms arising from the off‐diagonal terms cause nonphysical solution with oscillations. As an example, for the common scenario of contaminant input into a domain with zero initial concentration, the cross‐dispersion terms can result in negative concentrations that can wreak havoc in reactive transport applications. To address this issue, we use the well‐known flux‐corrected‐transport (FCT) technique for a standard finite volume method. Although FCT has most often been used to eliminate oscillations resulting from discretization of the advection term for explicit time stepping, we show that it can be adapted for full‐tensor dispersion and implicit time stepping. Unlike other approaches based on new discretization techniques (e.g., mimetic finite difference, nonlinear finite volume), FCT has the advantage of being flexible and widely applicable. Implementation of FCT requires solving an additional system of equations at each time step, using a modified “low order” matrix and a modified right‐hand‐side vector. To demonstrate the flexibility of FCT, we have modified the well‐known and widely used groundwater solute transport simulator, MT3DMS. We apply the new simulator, MT3DMS‐FCT, to several benchmark problems that suffer from negative concentrations when using MT3DMS. The new results are mass conservative and strictly nonnegative.
Controlled attenuation parameter by vibration‐controlled transient elastography for steatosis assessment in members of the public undergoing regular health checkups with reference to magnetic resonance imaging‐based proton density fat fraction
Authors: Zeng Qiang , Song Zhenya , Zhao Yi , Wu Jianjun , Wang Liuhong , Ye Huiyi , Wang Yingwei , Wu Ting , Yuan Sishu , Yuan Haojie 
Published: December 2019

AimControlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measured by vibration‐controlled transient elastography (FibroScan) allows repeatable and reliable assessment of liver steatosis for screening of patients at risk of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis development among asymptomatic individuals at a community level. However, this has never been compared with another quantitative method, such as magnetic resonance imaging‐based proton density fat fraction, among the Chinese health checkup population.MethodsA multicenter prospective study was conducted with Chinese individuals undergoing regular health checkups. Steatosis grading by magnetic resonance imaging‐based proton density fat fraction was used as the reference to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CAP.ResultsA total of 173 individuals were included with mean age of 45 ± 11 years and body mass index of 25.8 ± 4.0 kg/m2. A linear correlation was found between CAP and log10‐transformed magnetic resonance imaging‐based proton density fat fraction results (Pearson's coefficient 0.772, P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for distinguishing ≥S1 and ≥S2 steatosis were 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.83–0.93) and 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.83–0.95), respectively. When optimized for ≥90% sensitivity, the CAP cut‐off for staging ≥S1 steatosis was 244 dB/m. CAP could classify patients with ≥S1 steatosis with similar performance as an ultrasound examination.ConclusionsAs a non‐invasive and quantitative method, CAP is highly adapted for population screening at a community level. With the integration of liver stiffness and CAP results in risk stratification scores for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, vibration‐controlled transient elastography can be useful in regular health checkups.
Clinical outcomes of hepatitis C virus elimination using glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in hemodialysis patients: A multicenter study
Authors: Morishita Asahiro , Ogawa Chikara , Moriya Akio , Tani Joji , Yoneyama Hirohito , Fujita Koji , Oryu Makoto , Senoo Tomonori , Takaguchi Koichi , Masaki Tsutomu 
Published: December 2019

AimThe incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is much higher in hemodialysis patients than that in healthy individuals. The prognosis of hemodialysis patients with HCV infection is poorer than that without HCV infection. Therefore, antiviral intervention is pivotal for HCV infection in hemodialysis patients. Recent evaluations of the pangenotypic regimen of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir show that it is highly effective and safe for HCV‐infected hemodialysis patients. However, a few reports showed that the effect of HCV elimination by glecaprevir/pibrentasvir improved liver dysfunction or anemia. The aim of the present study was to determine clinical outcomes after HCV elimination using the glecaprevir/pibrentasvir regimen in HCV‐infected hemodialysis patients.MethodsThis study was a retrospective, six‐center study conducted in Japan, in which 24 hemodialysis patients with HCV genotype 1–2 treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir were recruited. Blood examinations were performed at end of treatment (EOT), and at 3, 6, and 12 months post‐treatment during the 12‐month follow‐up period.ResultsThe overall sustained virologic response rate was 100% (24/24). During the DAA treatment period, adverse events were observed in 20.8% of patients (5/24), and pruritus was the most frequently observed in 12.5% (3/24). Interestingly, we observed an improved control of anemia after EOT with a significant increase in hemoglobin levels. In addition, total bilirubin was diminished, and platelet counts and albumin, total cholesterol, and alpha‐fetoprotein levels remained unchanged after EOT in hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, erythropoietin concentration was not increased after EOT.ConclusionsHCV elimination using glecaprevir/pibrentasvir treatment might be a major breakthrough for the control of anemia in hemodialysis patients.
Nanofibers reinforced silica aerogel composites having flexibility and ultra‐low thermal conductivity
Authors: Zhang Rubing , An Zhimin , Zhao Yue , Zhang Liang , Zhou Peng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor the sake of enhancing the performance of flexible silica aerogel in practical applications, flexible SiO2/SnO2 nanofibers (SSNF) reinforced flexible silica aerogel composites (abbreviated as SiO2‐SSNF) were successfully prepared. Firstly, the SiO2/SnO2 nanofibers with fine diameter (~320 nm) and excellent flexibility were prepared by electrospinning technology. Then the aerogel composites were synthesized by adding the flexible SSNF to the silica solution and through the sol‐gel method and ethanol supercritical drying technology. The effects of different content of the nanofibers on thermal conductivity and Yong's modulus of SiO2‐SSNF aerogel composites were investigated. The SiO2/SnO2 nanofibers were randomly dispersed in the flexible silica aerogel and the great integrity of the material result in smaller linear shrinkage, better thermal protection, and mechanical properties compared with those pure SiO2 aerogels. The final SiO2‐SSNF aerogel composites possess excellent thermal conductivity (0.025‐0.029 W/(m∙K)) and higher Yong's modulus (70 kPa), which was twice than that of the pure silica aerogel. This prepared SiO2‐SSNF aerogel composites can be better used in thermal insulation due to its excellent flexible and thermal insulation property.
A trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) perfusion model approach to elucidate the role of blood removal for lipid oxidation and colour changes in ice‐stored fish muscle
Authors: Harrysson Hanna , Swolin Birgitta , Axelsson Michael , Undeland Ingrid 
Published: December 2019

SummaryWhole body saline‐perfused rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was ice‐stored for 4 weeks and compared with unwashed/washed minces from unbled and bled trout in terms of rancid odour, peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and redness loss. Muscle from saline‐perfused fish, which had 72% less total haem, was deficient in rancid odour during the whole storage, while bled (54% less haem) and unbled samples developed rancid odour already after ~4 and 2 days; higher intensity without bleeding. PV/TBARS also developed in the order unbled > bled > perfused samples; however, PV/TBARS were not as completely prevented as rancid odour after perfusion. Saline washing (3 × 3 volumes) of unbled mince removed 84% haem and yielded the second most stable sample while saline washing (1 × 1 volumes) destabilised unbled mince, despite 64% haem removal. Concurrent antioxidant removal during washing of minces obviously counteracted the effect of blood removal and washing fish mince with small volumes of solution should be used with great care.
Associations between dietary patterns, eating behaviours, and body composition and adiposity in 3‐year‐old children of mothers with obesity
Authors: Dalrymple Kathryn V. , Flynn Angela C. , Seed Paul T. , Briley Annette L. , O'Keeffe Majella , Godfrey Keith M. , Poston Lucilla 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe relationships between eating habits, behaviours, and the development of obesity in preschool children is not well established.ObjectiveAs children of mothers with obesity are themselves at risk of obesity, we examined these relationships in a cohort of 482 three‐year‐old children of mothers with obesity from the UK Pregnancy Better Eating and Activity Trial (UPBEAT).MethodDietary patterns were derived using factor analysis of an 85‐item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Eating behaviours were assessed using the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Measures of body composition included age‐specific BMI cut‐offs, WHO z scores, sum of skinfolds, waist and arm circumferences, and body fat percentage. Using adjusted regression analysis, we examined associations between dietary patterns, eating behaviours, and measures of body composition.ResultsThree distinct dietary patterns were defined: “healthy/prudent,” “African/Caribbean,” and “processed/snacking.” The “processed/snacking” pattern was associated with greater odds of obesity; OR 1.53 (95% CI, 1.07‐2.19). The “African/Caribbean” and the “healthy/prudent” patterns were associated with a lower arm circumference (β = −0.23 cm [−0.45 to −0.01]) and sum of skinfolds (β = −1.36 cm [−2.88 to −0.37]), respectively. Lower enjoyment of food and food responsiveness, and greater slowness in eating and satiety, were associated with lower arm and waist circumferences, WHO z scores, and obesity (all P < .05).ConclusionIn children of mothers with obesity, those who had higher scores on a “processed/snacking” dietary pattern had greater odds of obesity. In contrast, slowness in eating was associated with lower measures of body composition. These novel findings highlight modifiable behaviours in high‐risk preschool children which could contribute to public health strategies for prevention of childhood obesity.
Égalité entre hommes et femmes et gouvernance des chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales: promouvoir les droits des travailleuses
Authors: BARRIENTOS Stephanie , BIANCHI Lara , BERMAN Cindy 
Published: December 2019

RésuméLa gouvernance privée telle qu'elle découle des différentes initiatives prises par les multinationales pour promouvoir le respect de normes sociales et l'égalité hommes‐femmes a eu peu d'effet sur les discriminations fondées sur le genre dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales. Les auteures soulignent l'intérêt des Principes directeurs des Nations Unies relatifs aux entreprises et aux droits de l'homme en la matière, estimant qu'il est indispensable de recourir à une gouvernance «stratifiée» associant public, privé et acteurs sociaux pour lutter contre cette discrimination et intégrer le souci de l'égalité des sexes dans l'exercice de la diligence raisonnable exigée en matière de droits de l'homme.