bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural analysis of sintered pure-titanium and titanium/hydroxyapatite (HA) surgical implant materials under different temperatures and HA doped conditions produced by powder metallurgy
Authors: Aygul Ebuzer , Yalcinkaya Senai , Sahin Yusuf 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, pure titanium and hydroxyapatite (HA) doped titanium alloys used as Surgical Implant Materials by weight percentage (wt%) of 5% and 10% were sintered by powder metallurgy method. Total 9 samples of these alloys are produced, three of them are pure titanium’s, which are sintered at 900, 1000 and 1150 °C temperatures, respectively, for 4 h. From the rest of 6 samples, 3 samples were added 5 wt% HA and the last 3 samples were produced by doped 10 wt% HA. Titanium alloys produced by admixture with HA are sintered for 4 h at 900, 1000, 1150 °C temperatures, respectively. Titanium and HA powders were milled for 2 h in a ball-milling mixer and then pressed for half an hour at 20 MPa pressure. EDX, SEM, XRD and Vickers hardness tests were carried out for the analysis of the samples. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that different sintering temperatures caused to various Vickers hardness values and micro-structural changes occurred for pure titanium and HA doped titanium alloys. In addition, multiple phase and Ti plus HA structures were detected in XRD diffractometers of the samples at these temperatures. Most importantly, for the first time in our study, P3Ti5 phase was revealed with 00-045-0888 > XRD card. Finally, the effects of sintering temperatures and HA-doped amounts on particle sizes and pore sizes of the samples were determined by SEM analysis.
Thermal deformation strengthening of WC-10Co4Cr coating prepared by high velocity air-fule process
Authors: Wang Jianghui , Zhang Zhimin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, WC-10Co4Cr coating was prepared on the surface of LC9 aluminum alloy by high velocity air-fule (HVAF) process. And a thermal deformation method was developed to enhance the coating properties. Experimental results show that, during the process of thermal deformation, the increase of temperature and deformation amount could improve the microhardness of coating surface. With temperature of 480 °C and deformation amount of 16% (0.8 mm), the microhardness reached the maximum value of 1349 HV0.3, which increased nearly 20% compared with that of specimen (1137 HV0.3) without compressive deformation. Besides, the strengthening effects of thermal deformation temperature and deformation amount on the bonding strength of coating were obvious. With deformation temperature of 450 °C and deformation amount of 8% (4 mm), the bonding strength reached the maximum critical load of 188 N, which was 17.5% higher than that of initial state.
Optofluidic liquid sensing on electromicrofluidic devices
Authors: Oliva-Ramírez Manuel , Wang Siang-Lin , Rico-Gavira Víctor , López-Santos Carmen , Fan Shih-Kang , González-Elipe Agustín R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Electromicrofluidic (EMF) devices are used to handle and move tiny amounts of liquids by electrical actuation, including electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) and dielectrophoresis (DEP). Monitoring the liquid characteristics in one of these devices requires suitable sensing transducers incorporated within the microfluidic structure. In the present work, we describe the incorporation of an optofluidic photonic transducer in an EMF device to monitor the refractive index of a liquid during its manipulation. The incorporated transducer consists of a responsive porous Bragg Microcavity (BM) deposited via physical vapor oblique angle deposition. Besides reporting the manufacturing procedure of the sensing-EMF device combining liquid handling and monitoring, the performance of the BM is verified by infiltrating several liquids dripped on its surface and comparing the responses with those of liquid droplets electrically moved from the delivery part of the chip to the BM location. This study proved that modified EMF devices can incorporate photonic structures to analyze very low liquid volumes (∼0.2 μL) during its handling.
Hydrogen storage capacity on Li-decorated covalent organic framework-1: A first-principles study
Authors: Zhao Hui , Guan Yurou , Guo Hailong , Du Renjun , Yan Cuixia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
2D covalent organic framework-1 (COF-1) membrane is a potential hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage capacity of Li-decorated COF-1 has been studied by first-principles calculation. The results show its hydrogen storage capacity has been improved significantly by Li decoration, which is 7.69 wt%. Then ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at 300 K have been carried out and the results show that 12 H2 molecules are stably absorbed on the double sides of COF-1 unit cell decorated by 6 Li atoms and the hydrogen storage capacity is 5.26 wt%.
Cognitive training interventions and depression in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chan Joyce Y C , Chan Tak Kit , Kwok Timothy C Y , Wong Samuel Y S , Lee Allen T C , Tsoi Kelvin K F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Depression is common in people with cognitive impairment but the effect of cognitive training in the reduction of depression is still uncertain.

Aims
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of cognitive training interventions in the reduction of depression rating scale score in people with cognitive impairment.

Methods
Literature searches were conducted via OVID databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated the effect of cognitive training interventions for the reduction of depression rating scale score in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia were included. Mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to combine the results of Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to combine the results of different depression rating scales. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the types of cognitive training and severity of cognitive impairment, i.e. MCI and dementia.

Results
A total of 2551 people with MCI or dementia were extracted from 36 RCTs. The baseline mean score of GDS-15 was 4.83. Participants received cognitive training interventions had a significant decrease in depression rating scale score than the control group (MD of GDS-15 = -1.30, 95% CI = -2.14–−0.47; and SMD of eight depression scales was −0.54 (95% CI = −0.77–−0.31). In subgroup analyses, the effect size of computerized cognitive training and cognitive stimulation therapy were medium-to-large and statistically significant in the reduction of depression rating scale score.

Conclusions
Cognitive training interventions show to be a potential treatment to ameliorate depression in people with cognitive impairment.
Cadmium Exposure and Ovarian Reserve in Women Aged 35–49 Years: The Impact on Results From the Creatinine Adjustment Approach Used to Correct for Urinary Dilution
Authors: Upson Kristen , O’Brien Katie M , Hall Janet E , Tokar Erik J , Baird Donna D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cadmium is toxic to the ovaries in animal studies, but its association with diminished ovarian reserve in women is not established. We investigated urinary cadmium, a biomarker of long-term exposure, in relation to diminished ovarian reserve, as indicated by elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations (≥10 IU/L), in women aged 35–49 years (unweighted n = 1,681). Using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994), we conducted Poisson regression to estimate adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. Because the best approach to correcting for urinary dilution in spot samples with creatinine remains controversial, we employed 3 approaches: standardization, covariate adjustment, and covariate-adjusted standardization. Our data suggested a modest association with standardization (highest quartile vs. lowest: relative risk (RR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8, 1.9; P for trend = 0.06) and covariate-adjusted standardization (highest quartile vs. lowest: RR = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.9, 1.9; P for trend = 0.05) and a stronger association with covariate adjustment (highest quartile vs. lowest: RR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.9; P for trend = 0.01). The stronger association with covariate adjustment may reflect bias from conditioning on urinary creatinine, a collider in the hypothesized causal pathway. We conclude that cadmium may contribute to ovarian aging in women and that careful consideration of the creatinine adjustment approach is needed to minimize bias.
Seeking confirmation: A puzzle for norms of inquiry
Authors: Millson Jared A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Like other epistemic activities, inquiry seems to be governed by norms. Some have argued that one such norm forbids us from believing the answer to a question and inquiring into it at the same time. But another, hither-to neglected norm seems to permit just this sort of cognitive arrangement when we seek to confirm what we currently believe. In this paper, I suggest that both norms are plausible and that the conflict between them constitutes a puzzle. Drawing on the felicity conditions of confirmation requests and the biased interrogatives used to perform them, I argue that the puzzle is genuine. I conclude by considering a response to the puzzle that has implications for the debate regarding the relationship between credences and beliefs.
mUSP: a high-accuracy map of thein situcrosstalk of ubiquitylation and SUMOylation proteome predicted via the feature enhancement approach
Authors: Xu Hao-Dong , Liang Ru-Ping , Wang You-Gan , Qiu Jian-Ding 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReversible post-translational modification (PTM) orchestrates various biological processes by changing the properties of proteins. Since many proteins are multiply modified by PTMs, identification of PTM crosstalk site has emerged to be an intriguing topic and attracted much attention. In this study, we systematically deciphered the in situ crosstalk of ubiquitylation and SUMOylation that co-occurs on the same lysine residue. We first collected 3363 ubiquitylation-SUMOylation (UBS) crosstalk site on 1302 proteins and then investigated the prime sequence motifs, the local evolutionary degree and the distribution of structural annotations at the residue and sequence levels between the UBS crosstalk and the single modification sites. Given the properties of UBS crosstalk sites, we thus developed the mUSP classifier to predict UBS crosstalk site by integrating different types of features with two-step feature optimization by recursive feature elimination approach. By using various cross-validations, the mUSP model achieved an average area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.8416, indicating its promising accuracy and robustness. By comparison, the mUSP has significantly better performance with the improvement of 38.41 and 51.48% AUC values compared to the cross-results by the previous single predictor. The mUSP was implemented as a web server available at http://bioinfo.ncu.edu.cn/mUSP/index.html to facilitate the query of our high-accuracy UBS crosstalk results for experimental design and validation.
Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance Mutations, and Symptom Resolution Following Treatment of Urethritis
Authors: Bachmann Laura H , Kirkcaldy Robert D , Geisler William M , Wiesenfeld Harold C , Manhart Lisa E , Taylor Stephanie N , Seña Arlene C , McNeil Candice J , Newman Lori , Myler Noelle , Fuchs Rachael , Bowden Katherine E ,   MAGNUM Laboratory Working Group, Danavall Damien , Morris Monica , Katz Samantha , Nash Evelyn , Kersh Ellen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), a cause of urethritis, is a growing concern. Yet little is known about the geographic distribution of MG resistance in the United States or about its associated clinical outcomes. We evaluated the frequency of MG among men with urethritis, resistance mutations, and posttreatment symptom persistence.

Methods
We enrolled men presenting with urethritis symptoms to 6 US sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics during June 2017–July 2018; men with urethritis were eligible for follow-up contact and, if they had persistent symptoms or MG, a chart review. Urethral specimens were tested for MG and other bacterial STDs. Mutations in 23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) loci (macrolide resistance–associated mutations [MRMs]) and in parC and gyrA (quinolone-associated mutations) were detected by targeted amplification/Sanger sequencing.

Results
Among 914 evaluable participants, 28.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.8–33.6) had MG. Men with MG were more often Black (79.8% vs 66%, respectively), &lt;30 years (72.9% vs 56.1%, respectively), and reported only female partners (83.7% vs 74.2%, respectively) than men without MG. Among MG-positive participants, 64.4% (95% CI, 58.2–70.3%) had MRM, 11.5% (95% CI, 7.9–16.0%) had parC mutations, and 0% had gyrA mutations. Among participants treated with azithromycin-based therapy at enrollment and who completed the follow-up survey, persistent symptoms were reported by 25.8% of MG-positive/MRM-positive men, 13% of MG-positive/MRM-negative men, and 17.2% of MG-negative men.

Conclusions
MG infection was common among men with urethritis; the MRM prevalence was high among men with MG. Persistent symptoms following treatment were frequent among men both with and without MG.
The Vocational Specificity of Educational Systems and Youth Labour Market Integration: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Blommaert Lieselotte , Muja Ardita , Gesthuizen Maurice , Wolbers Maarten H J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Comparative research on the impact of the vocational specificity of educational systems on youth labour market integration has expanded rapidly in the past decades. The present study reviews this body of research, focusing on how it has conceptualized the vocational specificity of educational systems and theorized its effect on youth labour market integration. Moreover, this study synthesizes the empirical evidence compiled in this research using a meta-analytical approach. Our review reveals that this research area is theoretically fragmented. A commonly accepted definition of the vocational specificity of educational systems is lacking and various theoretical approaches and conceptual frameworks are invoked to theorize the effect of vocational specificity, while exact mechanisms that are assumed to underlie the effect are often left unspecified. Our meta-analysis includes 105 effect estimates nested in 19 studies, published between 2003 and 2018, that used methods enabling a formal meta-analytical comparison. Results show that the overall average effect is positive and statistically significant but its magnitude is modest and there is substantial variability in the size and even direction of observed effects. We find that this variability is partly driven by which aspect of labour market integration was examined and which measure of vocational specificity was used.
Significant Evolutionary Constraints on Neuron Cells Revealed by Single-Cell Transcriptomics
Authors: Hu Ganlu , Li Jie , Wang Guang-Zhong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing technology have enabled us to characterize a variety of different cell types in each brain region. However, the evolutionary differences among these cell types remain unclear. Here, we analyzed single-cell RNA-seq data of &gt;280,000 cells and developmental transcriptomes of bulk brain tissues. At the single-cell level, we found that the evolutionary constraints on the cell types of different organs significantly overlap with each other and the transcriptome of neuron cells is one of the most restricted evolutionarily. In addition, mature neurons are under more constraints than neuron stem cells as well as nascent neurons and the order of the constraints of various cell types of the brain is largely conserved in different subregions. We also found that although functionally similar brain regions have comparable evolutionary constraints, the early fetal brain is the least constrained and this pattern is conserved in the mouse, macaque, and humans. These results demonstrate the importance of maintaining the plasticity of early brain development during evolution. The delineation of evolutionary differences between brain cell types has great potential for an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and drug development efforts aimed at the manipulation of molecular activities at the single-cell level.
Facultatively Sidewinding Snakes and the Origins of Locomotor Specialization
Authors: Tingle Jessica L 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpecialist species often possess adaptations that strongly distinguish them from their relatives, obscuring the transitional steps leading to specialization. Sidewinding snakes represent an example of locomotor specialization in an elongate, limbless terrestrial vertebrate. We typically think of sidewinding as a gait that only a handful of very specialized snake species perform, mostly vipers from sandy desert environments. Some of these desert-dwelling vipers are so specialized that they only rarely use more common types of locomotion. However, some non-viper species sidewind facultatively in particular circumstances, and a few may regularly sidewind under natural conditions. Numerous accounts report facultative sidewinding in species that more typically perform other types of locomotion. I have compiled these accounts, uncovering evidence that dozens of species perform sidewinding with varying proficiency under a variety of conditions. These facultative sidewinders can reveal insight into the evolution and biomechanics of sidewinding, and they provide ample opportunities for future study.
Hierarchical genetic structuring in the cool boreal kelp, Laminaria digitata: implications for conservation and management
Authors: King Nathan G , McKeown Niall J , Smale Dan A , Bradbury Sunny , Stamp Thomas , Jüterbock Alexander , Egilsdóttir Hrönn , Groves Emily A , Moore Pippa J 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKelp are foundation species threatened by ongoing warming trends and increased harvesting pressure. This emphasizes the need to study genetic structure over various spatial scales to resolve demographic and genetic processes underpinning resilience. Here, we investigate the genetic diversity in the kelp, Laminaria digitata, in previously understudied southern (trailing-edge) and northern (range-centre) regions in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean. There was strong hierarchical spatial structuring with significantly lower genetic variability and gene flow among southern populations. As these span the area of the Hurd’s deep Pleistocene glacial refuge, the current low variation likely reflects a fraction of previous levels that has been eroded at the species southern edge. Northern variability and private alleles also indicate contributions from cryptic northern glacial refugia. Contrary to expectations of a positive relationship between neutral genetic diversity and resilience, a previous study reported individuals from the same genetically impoverished southern populations to be better adapted to cope with thermal stress than northern individuals. This not only demonstrates that neutral genetic diversity may be a poor indicator of resilience to environmental stress but also confirms that extirpation of southern populations will result in the loss of evolved, not just potential, adaptations for resilience.
Optimizing Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of Antimicrobial Management in Patients with Sepsis: A Review
Authors: Phe Kady , Heil Emily L , Tam Vincent H 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCritically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock are at an increased risk of death. Early and aggressive interventions are essential for improving clinical outcomes. There are a number of therapeutic and practical challenges in the management of antimicrobials in patients with sepsis. These include the timely selection and administration of appropriate antimicrobials, significant physiological alterations that can influence antimicrobial pharmacokinetics, and significant interpatient variability of antimicrobial concentrations using standard dosing approaches. Understanding the impact of these factors on the probability of attaining pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic target goals is essential to guide optimal therapy. Using rapid diagnostic technology could facilitate timely selection of antimicrobials, and therapeutic drug monitoring would provide a more individualized dosing approach. Using an interdisciplinary sepsis team would also be beneficial in coordinating efforts to overcome the challenges encountered during this critical period to ensure optimal care.
Reduced Emergence of Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Sweet Potato Roots by Heterorhabditis indica
Authors: Myers Roxana Y , Sylva Charmaine D , Mello Cathy L , Snook Kirsten A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Okinawan sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas, is an important food staple and export crop for the Island of Hawaii. Cylas formicarius elegantulus, sweet potato weevil, is a major quarantine pest that causes severe destruction to the crop. Root malformation and a bitter taste occur when larvae feed and tunnel within the storage root. Off-grade roots are often left in the field after harvest and serve as a reservoir for the weevils. Current management involves the unsustainable practice of moving to virgin land for the next cropping cycle. Strains of Heterorhabditis indica isolated from the Hawaiian Islands were tested for their efficacy at causing mortality of C. formicarius and reducing the emergence of adults from infested roots. In well plate assays, H. indica caused mortality of 88% larvae, 96% pupae, and 4% adults after 48 h. When applied to infested roots, the nematodes caused an average mortality of 78% larvae, 66% pupae, and 32% adults. Greater mortality was observed at the highest inoculum levels (10,000 infective juveniles per storage tuber) but a reduction of 90% inoculum density was still effective at weevil management. In simulated field trials, infestation of storage roots was reduced by 42–99.6% when planted among infested roots that had been inoculated with H. indica. Rates of 2.5 billion IJs/hectare were just as effective as 5 billion IJs/hectare. Application of local H. indica strains in sweet potato production has the potential to manage C. formicarius populations and allow for consecutive cropping seasons.