bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and determinants of radiological vertebral fractures in patients with Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Vena Walter , Pizzocaro Alessandro , Indirli Rita , Amer Myriam , Maffezzoni Filippo , Delbarba Andrea , Leonardi Lorenzo , Balzarini Luca , Ulivieri Fabio M. , Ferlin Alberto , Mantovani Giovanna , Lania Andrea G. , Ferrante Emanuele , Mazziotti Gherardo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundKlinefelter syndrome (KS) may induce skeletal fragility, but the studies so far published on this topic were mainly focused on the evaluation of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microstructure, whereas data on fracture risk are still lacking.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and determinants of vertebral fractures (VFs), that is, the hallmark of osteoporosis, in subjects with KS.Materials and methodsEighty‐seven patients with KS (median age 41 years, range 18‐64) were consecutively evaluated for radiological VFs (by quantitative morphometry) and lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD (by DXA). Fifty‐five patients with KS were also evaluated by the fracture risk assessment (FRAX) tool.ResultsLow BMD was found in 22/87 (25.3%) patients [12 with osteopenia, three with osteoporosis and seven with “low BMD per age” (subject < 50 years with Z‐score ≤−2.0 SD)] and VFs in 13/87 (14.9%) patients. In patients with VFs, the median spine deformity index was 2 (range 1‐9). Prevalence of VFs was similar between healthy and low‐BMD patients (15.9% vs 13.6%; P = .80). Noteworthy, patients with VFs had significantly higher age at diagnosis of KS as compared to patients who did not fracture (P = .039), without significant differences in age at the time of observation (P = .162), body mass index (P = .234), testosterone replacement therapy (P = .432), duration of testosterone therapy (P = .409), vitamin D therapy (P = 681), and serum testosterone levels (P = .338). Moreover, patients with VFs were more likely to complain back pain in comparison with those without VFs (33.3% vs 7.4%; P = .047). In 55 cases evaluated by the FRAX® tool, no significant differences in 10‐year risk of major fracture (P = .270) and hip fracture (P = .860) were found between fractured and non‐fractured patients.ConclusionsThis study provides first evidence that KS may be associated with risk of VFs in close relationship with delay in disease diagnosis but independently of BMD values and serum testosterone levels or testosterone therapy.
Phronesis in administration and organizations: A literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Ames Maria Clara Figueiredo Dalla Costa , Serafim Maurício Custódio , Zappellini Marcello Beckert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhronesis is essential for good decision‐making and actions. This literature review shows how phronesis has been discussed and related to elements of the field of administration and organizations. A search in the database systems Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scielo, based on eligibility criteria, resulted in 43 theoretical and 14 empirical works. The analysis of these studies showed the most significant empirical contributions, the most cited authors, methods, journals, and central themes addressed in studies on phronesis to understand ethics in business. From a virtue ethics perspective, we discuss the major theoretical and empirical contributions, as well as the implications of a restricted understanding of phronesis when it is treated apart from other elements of the virtue ethics framework. We present a synthesis of the concepts of phronesis, based on dimensions of magnitude and amplitude of the conceptions, ranging from formal to substantive phronesis, and covering individual, organizational, or societal levels of analysis. We argue that a substantive conception of phronesis within virtue ethics may improve our understanding of ethics because it assumes the interdependence of phronesis and moral virtues, integral anthropology, and the common good. We present a future research agenda, considering the study's limitations and findings.
Insects in production – an introduction
Authors: Francuski Ljubinka , Beukeboom Leo W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInsects have been on the menu of humans for centuries, but only recently we have begun to mass produce them for human food and animal feed. This introduction first paints a synopsis of mass cultured insects and their application. The new insect production industry raises many interesting fundamental and applied questions about insect biology and fitness. The second part of the introduction to this special issue addresses the 13 articles dealing with the improvement of mass‐rearing efforts for a range of insects. The various studies focus on the effects of diet and microorganisms on relevant life‐history traits and economic value of the insects. They reflect the current rapid developments in the insect production industry.
Campsisgrandiflora as a new host species harbouring two novel 16SrI subgroups of phytoplasmas
Authors: Li Zheng‐Nan , Sun Ping‐Ping , Zhang Lei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn September 2019, two diseased plants of Campsis grandiflora showing the main symptom of witches' ‐broom (CgWB) were found in a nursery garden in Yangling, Shaanxi province, China. Partial 16S ribosomal RNA (F2nR2 region) and ribosomal protein (rp) genes of phytoplasmas were generated from the symptomatic plants by PCR amplification, and phytoplasma bodies were observed in the sieve tube elements of the CgWB samples under a transmission electron microscope, indicating phytoplasma infection in the two CgWB plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the F2nR2 region and similarity coefficient results suggested that the two associated phytoplasmas belong to two novel subgroups of 16SrI (aster yellows) group, designated as AK and AL. On the reconstructed phylogenetic trees based on F2nR2 regions and rp genes of phytoplasmas, respectively, the CgWB‐associated phytoplasmas clustered together with members of 16SrI subgroups. This was the first record of phytoplasmas infecting C. grandiflora worldwide.
Medium‐grade proteinuria is a risk factor for incident markers of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Schrader SY , Zeder AJ , Hilge R , Bogner JR , Seybold U 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveMedium‐grade proteinuria (100–500 mg/g creatinine) is common among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) but is often undetected or ignored. This prospective, observational cohort study examined medium‐grade proteinuria as a risk factor for markers of chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsQuantitative urine samples were collected from 241 PLWHA without known renal disease at baseline between January 2009 and February 2011 and at follow‐up 240 weeks later. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess medium‐grade proteinuria as a risk factor for incident markers of CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, albuminuria, phosphaturia).ResultsIncident markers of CKD were identified in 33 patients (14%), of whom 24 (74%) had medium‐grade proteinuria at baseline. Of these, 22 even had proteinuria of < 200 mg/g creatinine. Multivariate analysis showed an adjusted relative risk (aRR) of 2.4 for patients with baseline medium‐grade proteinuria to develop signs of CKD. Age was identified as an additional independent predictor. By testing for interaction, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)‐independent proteinuria was strongly associated with incident CKD markers (aRR = 12.1).ConclusionMedium‐grade proteinuria of 100–500 mg/g creatinine is both frequent in PLWHA and a significant risk factor for developing markers of CKD, especially in the absence of TDF. Relevant risk seems to be associated with proteinuria levels as low as 100–200 mg/g creatinine. Current guidelines recommend specific action for proteinuria exceeding 135–200 mg/g but still will miss a relevant number of PLWHA potentially at risk for CKD. An even lower cut‐off to trigger nephrological work‐up and potentially renoprotective interventions appears to be indicated.
Gleich syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Haber Roger , Chebl Joanna A. , El Gemayel Maria , Salloum Antoine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCharacterized chiefly by hypereosinophilia and angioedema, Gleich syndrome is a rare disorder with unclear clinical and therapeutic findings. Other symptoms include increased IgM levels, weight gain, fever, and urticaria. Herein we review Gleich syndrome and assess clinical features, epidemiology, and treatment options. Thirty‐two articles including case reports or case series of eosinophilic angioedema and Gleich syndrome were included. Data regarding patient age, gender, and history, clinical and biological manifestations, and treatment protocols were recorded. The most common clinical findings include recurrent or non‐recurrent angioedema, fever, urticaria, weight gain, blood eosinophilia, and elevated immunoglobulin levels. Corticosteroid therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Gleich syndrome is a distinctive hypereosinophilic entity with a benign course and good response to systemic corticosteroids. More studies are needed to evaluate the pathophysiology of this syndrome and lead to better therapeutic options.
The use of intermittent pneumatic compression of the thigh to affect arterial and venous blood flow proximal to a chronic wound site
Authors: Morris Rhys John , Ridgway Bethan Sarah , Woodcock John Patrick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntermittent pneumatic compression of the lower limbs has been shown to have beneficial effects in patients with chronic ulceration. However, the intermittent compression cuff will normally be applied over the wound, which may produce discomfort or interfere with other treatments. Thigh‐only approaches to intermittent pneumatic compression could solve this problem. This study aimed to demonstrate if such a system would have positive effects on venous and arterial blood flow distal to the compression site, but proximal to wound sites. The distal venous and arterial effects of a prototype thigh‐only 3‐chamber sequential intermittent pneumatic compression system were tested in 20 healthy volunteers, and 13 patients with ulcers of various aetiologies using Doppler ultrasound. The system produced hyperaemic responses in the arterial flow of both test groups. The peak venous velocity on deflation of the first and second chambers of the cuff was also greater in the patients with ulceration than in the healthy volunteers (11.6 cm/s vs 8.3 cm/s, P = .1). This work demonstrates that compression of the thigh alone can produce positive haemodynamic effects in the calves of patients with chronic wounds, and that this approach should be investigated as a therapy to improve blood flow to wound sites.
Prolongation of QT interval after pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Chikata Akio , Kato Takeshi , Usuda Kazuo , Fujita Shuhei , Maruyama Michiro , Otowa Kan‐ichi , Usuda Keisuke , Niwa Satoru , Tsuda Toyonobu , Hayashi Kenshi , Takamura Masayuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) affects the ganglionated plexi (GP) around the atrium leading to a modification of intrinsic cardiac autonomic system (ANS). In animal models, GP ablation has the potential risk of QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias. However, the impact of PVI on QT intervals in human remains unclear.Methods and ResultsWe analyzed electrocardiograms of 117 consecutive patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent their first PVI procedures and maintained sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic drugs at all evaluation points (4 h, 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after PVI). Heart rate significantly increased at 4 h, 1 day, and 1 month. Raw QT interval prolonged at 4 h (417.1 ± 41.6 ms, p < .001) but shortened at 1 day (376.4 ± 34.1 ms, p < .001), 1 month (382.2 ± 31.5 ms, p < 0.001), and 3 months (385.1 ± 32.8 ms, p < 0.001) compared with baseline (391.6 ± 31.4 ms). Bazett‐corrected QTc intervals were significantly prolonged at 4 h (430.8 ± 27.9 ms, p < .001), 1 day (434.8 ± 22.3 ms, p < .001), 1 month (434.8 ± 22.3 ms, p < .001), and 3 months (420.1 ± 21.8 ms, p < .001) compared with baseline (404.9 ± 25.2 ms). Framingham‐corrected QTc intervals significantly prolonged at 4 h (424.1 ± 26.6 ms, p < .001) and 1 day (412.3 ± 29.3 ms, p < .01) compared with baseline (399.2 ± 22.7 ms). Multiple regression analysis revealed that female sex is a significant predictor of raw QT and QTc interval increase at 4 h after PVI.ConclusionRaw QT and QTc were prolonged after PVI, especially in the acute phase. Female sex is a risk factor for QT increase.
Optimized low pH formulation of niacinamide enhances induction of autophagy marker ATG5 gene expression and protein levels in human epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Oblong J.E. , DeAngelis Y.M. , Jarrold B.B. , Bierman J.C. , Rovito H.A. , Vires L. , Fang B. , Laughlin T. , Zhao W. , Hartman S.M. , Kainkaryam R. , Adams R. , Sherrill J.D. , Hakozaki T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMacromolecules in skin cells are damaged when exposed to environmental stressors, leading to disrupted cellular function and homeostasis. While epidermal turnover can eliminate some of this damage, autophagy can rapidly remove these defective components. Niacinamide (Nam) is known to induce autophagy and optimizing formulations to maximize this response could provide improved homeostasis in stressed skin.ObjectiveTo determine (i) whether Nam can induce autophagy related 5 (ATG5), an autophagy marker, in human keratinocytes and (ii) whether optimized low pH Nam formulations can enhance the response in 3D skin models.MethodsHuman keratinocytes treated with Nam were evaluated for autophagosome accumulation and induction of ATG5 by gene expression, immunoblotting and immune‐fluorescence microscopy. 3D skin equivalents were topically treated with Nam formulations at pH 5.8 and 3.8. Gene expression profiling and immunoblot analysis of ATG5 were performed.ResultsNam treatment of keratinocytes led to an accumulation of autophagosomes with a maximal signal at 48 h. Gene expression of ATG5 was induced by Nam, and immunoblots stained for ATG5 showed a significant increase after 6 h of treatment. Gene expression profiling of 3D epidermal skin equivalents treated with Nam at pH 3.8 showed stronger induction of autophagy‐related genes, including ATG5, compared with pH 5.8 formulas. Enrichment for gene ontology terms on autophagy showed an increased linkage with Nam formulas at pH 3.8.ConclusionsWe found that Nam induces autophagosome accumulation and ATG5 levels in keratinocytes. We also discovered that a Nam formulation at pH 3.8 can further increase levels of ATG5 in 3D skin models when compared to Nam at pH 5.8. These data support that Nam can induce autophagy in keratinocytes and formulations at pH 3.8 can enhance the impact. We hypothesize that optimized formulations at pH 3.8 can improve skin ageing appearance via autophagy induction.
Listening to Women: Recommendations from Women of Color to Improve Experiences in Pregnancy and Birth Care
Authors: Altman Molly R. , McLemore Monica R. , Oseguera Talita , Lyndon Audrey , Franck Linda S. 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionWomen of color are at increased risk for poor birth outcomes, often driven by upstream social determinants and socially structured systems. Given the increasing rate of maternal mortality in the United States, particularly for women of color, there is a pressing need to find solutions to improving care quality and access for racially marginalized communities. This study aims to describe and thematically analyze the recommendations to improve pregnancy and birth care made by women of color with lived experience of perinatal health care.MethodsTwenty‐two women of color living in the San Francisco Bay Area and receiving support services from a community‐based nonprofit organization participated in semistructured interviews about their experiences receiving health care during pregnancy and birth. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed, and transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis to highlight recommendations for improving perinatal care experiences.ResultsParticipants shared experiences and provided recommendations for improving care at the individual health care provider level, including spending quality time, relationship building and making meaningful connections, individualized person‐centered care, and partnership in decision making. At the health systems level, recommendations included continuity of care, racial concordance with providers, supportive health care system structures to meet the needs of women of color, and implicit bias trainings and education to reduce judgment, stereotyping, and discrimination.DiscussionParticipants in this study shared practical ways that health care providers and systems can improve pregnancy and birth care experiences for women of color. In addition to the actions needed to address the recommendations, health care providers and systems need to listen more closely to women of color as experts on their experiences in order to create effective change. Community‐centered research, driven by and for women of color, is essential to improve health disparities during pregnancy and birth.
Choice for prophylactic antibiotics: Cefazolin plus metronidazole or cefoxitin alone for endometrial cancer surgical staging
Authors: Song Nan , Gao Min , Tian Juan , Gao Yunong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe use of prophylactic antibiotics has greatly reduced the incidence of surgical site infections after hysterectomy. It is worth discussing which antibiotic is better. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the combined utilization of cefazolin and metronidazole for the prevention of surgical site infection in laparoscopic staging surgery of endometrial cancer.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on the incidence of surgical site infection in patients with endometrial cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgical staging from January 2000 to June 2019 within 1 month after surgery. Logistic regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 1783 patients were included in this study, of which 641 were treated with cefazoline plus metronidazole (group 1) as a prophylactic antibiotic, while the other 1142 were treated with cefoxitin (group 2). There was no difference in clinical characteristics between the two groups. The rates of surgical site infection in groups 1 and 2 were 3.6% (n = 23) and 5.7% (n = 65), respectively. The most common site of infections was vaginal, with the incidence of 1.7% (n = 11) and 3.3% (n = 38) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The multivariate analysis disclosed that cefazoline plus metronidazole significantly reduced the incidence of surgical site infections compared with cefoxitin (logistic, odds ratio = 2.213, 95% confidence interval 1.193 to 4.107).ConclusionCefazolin plus metronidazole as prophylactic antibiotics for surgical staging of endometrial cancer can more effectively reduce the incidence of surgical site infections than cefoxitin.
Observation of Reduced Homeostatic Metabolic Activity and/or Coupling in White Matter Aging
Authors: Anderson Valerie C. , Tagge Ian J. , Li Xin , Quinn Joseph F. , Kaye Jeffrey A. , Bourdette Dennis N. , Spain Rebecca I. , Riccelli Louis P. , Sammi Manoj K. , Springer Charles S. , Rooney William D. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETransvascular water exchange plays a key role in the functional integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). In white matter (WM), a variety of imaging modalities have demonstrated age‐related changes in structure and metabolism, but the extent to which water exchange is altered remains unclear. Here, we investigated the cumulative effects of healthy aging on WM capillary water exchange.METHODSA total of 38 healthy adults (aged 36‐80 years) were studied using 7T dynamic contrast enhanced MRI. Blood volume fraction (vb) and capillary water efflux rate constant (kpo) were determined by fitting changes in the 1H2O longitudinal relaxation rate constant (R1) during contrast agent bolus passage to a two‐compartment exchange model. WM volume was determined by morphometric analysis of structural images.RESULTSR1 values and WM volume showed similar trajectories of age‐related decline. Among all subjects, vb and kpo averaged 1.7 (±0.5) mL/100 g of tissue and 2.1 (±1.1) s−1, respectively. While vb showed minimal changes over the 40‐year‐age span of participants, kpo declined 0.06 s−1 (ca. 3%) per year (r = −.66; P < .0005), from near 4 s−1 at age 30 to ca. 2 s−1 at age 70. The association remained significant after controlling for WM volume.CONCLUSIONSPrevious studies have shown that kpo tracks Na+, K+‐ATPase activity‐dependent water exchange at the BBB and likely reflects neurogliovascular unit (NGVU) coupled metabolic activity. The age‐related decline in kpo observed here is consistent with compromised NGVU metabolism in older individuals and the dysregulated cellular bioenergetics that accompany normal brain aging.
Exploring Dietary Behavior Differences among Children by Race/Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Woolf Hope R. , Fair Melissa , King Sarah B. , Dunn Caroline Glagola , Kaczynski Andrew T. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn Spartanburg County, SC, nearly 33.7% of children are overweight or obese. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in eating behavior of youth by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status.METHODSStudents (N = 997) in 4th to 5th grades completed the School Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. School databases categorized students as either White or racial/ethnic minority and free/reduced or full paid lunch status. Dietary behaviors included 13 composite measures: unhealthy proteins, healthy proteins, dairy, refined grains, whole grains, vegetables, fruit, fried snacks, sugar‐sweetened beverages, sweets, and consumption of a breakfast, evening, and/or restaurant meal. Logistic regression, controlling for sex, was used to analyze differences in consumption for each nutrition variable.RESULTSMinority youth were less likely to consume healthy proteins (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55‐0.92) and more likely to eat at a restaurant (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02‐1.70) compared to white youth. Lower socioeconomic status youth were less likely to eat an evening meal compared to higher socioeconomic status youth (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.39‐0.89).CONCLUSIONSDifferences in dietary behaviors may result from food accessibility and insecurity in minority and/or low‐income neighborhoods. Future research should explore policy strategies that can help ensure all youth maintain healthy eating habits and weight status.