bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience-promoting social networks among unpaid dementia caregivers: protocol for a mixed-methods, 2-year exploratory study
Authors: Peckham Allie , Guest M Aaron , Pituch Keenan , Hook Jane , Mporanyi Marlene Umubyeyi , Sadow Sage 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionUnpaid caregivers of people living with dementia often experience lower levels of perceived life satisfaction and higher rates of depression and anxiety compared with those caring for individuals without Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias. While research on unpaid caregiver well-being and satisfaction has primarily focused on the characteristics of people living with dementia and their dyadic relationships, it has not adequately explored the role of social networks in supporting unpaid caregiver well-being. In this study, we aim to fill this gap by taking an egocentric social network approach to understand the multiple dimensions of social relations among unpaid caregivers of people living with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementia.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a mixed-method, 2-year exploratory study that involves a structured survey-based telephone interview in year 1 and semistructured interviews in year 2 with caregivers of PLWD recruited through community and healthcare partners. Participants will participate in 1 60-min interview in year 1 (n=100) and a 45–60 min semistructured interview in year 2 (n=75). Eligibility for caregivers includes being an unpaid caregiver, aged 40 years or older, residing and providing care in Arizona or Nevada. The survey consists of questions about caregiver and care recipient demographics, caregiver background, caregiver stress, resilience, well-being and egocentric social network data. Network composition attributes, such as tie strength, the function of the relationship and reliance on network members, will also be assessed. In year 2, qualitative semistructured interviews will supplement these quantitative measures to understand network selection, perceived network changes over time and network strength.Ethics and disseminationThe Arizona State Institutional Review Board (00018191) approved this study. All participants will receive electronic informed consent documents to review and sign. During the initial interview, participants will be asked if they have any questions about the informed consent documents. We will confirm that participants have completed the required consent form before the start of any research activity. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles, academic and community presentations, and community-focused publications targeting caregivers.
Understanding the role of culture in shaping attitudes and beliefs on urinary incontinence: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Panesar Simran , Rajabali Saima , Kennedy Megan , Wagg Adrian 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionUrinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition among older adults with adverse consequences to health and well-being. Shame, stigma and cultural perspectives can prevent treatment-seeking behaviour. Although there is an abundance of studies in the health research literature that explore the physiological basis of UI, there is limited evidence on the role culture plays in shaping knowledge of, attitudes to and beliefs about UI. This review aims to answer what is known about the role of culture in shaping the attitudes and beliefs on UI to identify gaps in the literature and direct future research.Methods and analysisThe Joanna Briggs Institute method for scoping reviews will be used to conduct the review, in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EBSCOhost, Scopus databases and WHO Index Medicus databases will be searched, without any restriction on language and publication date, enhancing the comprehensiveness and inclusivity of the review. A preliminary search of MEDLINE was conducted (09 February 2024) to identify articles. The screening and analysis of the search results from the databases will be managed using Covidence software. Two authors will screen articles, with a third involved as needed to resolve any differences. Findings will be organised using tables and key themes will be identified.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethics approval is not required for this review as it does not involve any human or animal participants. Findings will be disseminated in a high-impact peer-reviewed journal with a focus on open-access publication at conferences and used to inform studies on the development of culturally sensitive management programmes for UI with the full involvement of patients.Trial registrationOpen Science Frameworkhttps://osf.io/3d97f
Regional variations in healthcare in people living with dementia in Germany: protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Scheibner Hannah Julia , Gesell Daniela , Hauptmann Michael , Heinze Martin , Horenkamp-Sonntag Dirk , Koller Daniela , Kubat Denise , Marschall Ursula , Meixner Johannes , Michalowsky Bernhard , von Peter Sebastian , Platen Moritz , Riederer Cordula , Schroth Jennifer , Swart Enno , Weirauch Lea , Dahling Volker 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionCare for people living with dementia is both important and complex, and there is evidence of large regional variations in the quality of care. This study protocol describes design, methods and objectives of an investigation of regional variations in the utilisation, the quality and the costs of care for people living with dementia in Germany.Methods and analysisAn exploratory, naturalistic, mixed-methods study is being conducted with three modules:Module A:A quantitative analysis of claims data of statutory health insurance will be conducted to investigate regional variations in the utilisation and costs of care.Module B:In selected regions of interest that deviate significantly from the average in terms of utilisation in Module A, the quality of care and patient characteristics, variations and possible causes of these variations in care will be examined in more detail using quantitative and qualitative assessments.Module C:The claims and primary data from modules A and B will be combined, synthesised and evaluated to elicit recommendations for regional healthcare using a participatory consensus method.Ethics and disseminationThe study is overseen by the German Alzheimer’s Association. The study’s ethics and data protection plan was approved by the data and ethics committee of the leading university, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane (reference number: 152092023-BO-E) as well as the data committee of the three participating health insurances. Dissemination plans include dissemination of our main results to the general public, people affected, the scientific community and funding-, policy- and decision makers. Study outcomes and conclusions will be published on our own and the funder’s websites, through presentations at conferences and in scientific journals. The funder ensures dissemination of main study results and recommendations for action to relevant organisations and institutions. Publication of the study’s main results is planned within 6 months of the study’s conclusion.Trial registration numberDRKS00031944 (https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00031944).
Resident encounters with disruptive workplace behaviours in Japan: findings from a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Watari Takashi , Sheffield Virginia , Gupta Ashwin , Taniguchi Kaori , Tokuda Yasuharu , Nishizaki Yuji 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceDisruptive workplace behaviours (DWBs) between healthcare professionals compromise patient care quality and organisational culture, impacting staff morale, communication and teamwork. Residents are particularly vulnerable to it from nurses and supervisors.ObjectiveElucidate factors associated with DWBs experienced by residents.DesignNationwide cross-sectional study using a web-based survey.SettingJapanese postgraduate clinical training hospitals.ParticipantsFirst- and second-year postgraduate residents were surveyed between 15 and 31 January 2023, immediately after participating in the nationally administered computer-based residency exam.ExposureNone.Main outcomes and measuresPrimary outcomes include previously published eight types of DWBs experienced by residents. Resident characteristics at the time of the study were used. Hospital data (location of the training hospital, number of beds, number of emergency transports, average length of hospital stays, number of outpatients per day and the actual number of residents, full-time physicians and nurses) were obtained from Japan’s largest hospital information database.ResultsOf 5403 residents analysed, 68.3% were males, and 84.9% were under 28 years of age. Residents reported encountering DWBs from physicians and nurses approximately 35% of the time, a roughly equivalent percentage from both groups. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of encountering DWBs from nurses increased with hospital size (>700 beds; adjusted OR (aOR) 2.19; 501–700 beds; aOR 1.45 and 301–500 beds; aOR 1.26, all statistically significant). Furthermore, DWBs from nurses were significantly more prevalent in settings with higher admissions per nurse (aOR 1.70). DWBs from physicians were significantly more prevalent towards male (vs female) residents (aOR 1.60) and less likely among the second-year postgraduate (vs first-year postgraduate) residents (aOR 0.87).ConclusionsDWBs from nurses are significantly more common with increasing hospital bed numbers and increase with the number of admissions per nurse. No such correlation was observed with DWBs from physicians. Male residents experience more DWBs than female residents.
Enhancing clinical decision-making for CNVs of uncertain significance in neurodevelopmental disorders: the relevance (or uselessness) of scoring and segregating
Authors: Da Silva Jorge Diogo , Maia Nuno , Jorge Paula , Sousa Vanessa , Tkachenko Nataliya , Soares Ana Rita 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundClinicians often deal with copy-number variants of unknown significance (CNVUS) when managing neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Variant classification is often complemented with textual comments, while the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)/Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) numerical scores are rarely reported. Our aim was to determine if the application of ACMG/ClinGen scoring and inheritance/segregation studies are relevant for the reclassification of CNVUS.MethodsWe retrieved 167 CNVUS (112 duplications, 55 heterozygous deletions) from test reports of 141 patients with NDD in a 5-year period. None of those testing reports included ACMG/ClinGen scoring information for the CNVUS. One clinical and one laboratorial geneticist independently applied the ACMG/ClinGen scoring system for CNVs. Final scores/categories were assessed for potential modification when adding inheritance/segregation criteria.Results138 (83%) of the CNVUS retained the VUS classification, 14 (8%) changed to benign and 15 (9%) to (likely) pathogenic. Variants deemed benign (11 duplications, 3 deletions) mostly overlapped with ClinGen-established benign regions or were common in the general population; variants deemed (likely) pathogenic (all deletions) were either associated with unrelated autosomal recessive/later-onset autosomal dominant (AD) conditions, or with an AD NDD phenotype in a single case. Inheritance studies were available for 20 (12%) variants (17 inherited, 3 de novo), and none led to a change in classification. A simulation showed that adding inheritance information would also not change the classification of any other variant.ConclusionApplication of the ACMG/ClinGen scoring system led by itself to reclassification of 17% of VUS, despite a very low increase in diagnostic yield (1/141, 0.7%). Additionally, segregation/inheritance studies in CNVUS were mostly irrelevant in most NDD cases, challenging their routine broad application in clinical practice.
Inter-proceduralist variability in angiographic outcomes after stroke thrombectomy and the importance of quality over quantity of passes
Authors: Chen Huanwen , Njonkou-Tchoquessi Rosy L , Iyyangar Ananya , Skorseth Paige , Majmundar Shyam , Cherian Jacob , Miller Timothy R , Sheth Sunil A , Gandhi Dheeraj , Colasurdo Marco 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundComplete recanalization (CR, modified Treatment in Cerebral Ischemia (mTICI) score of 2c or better) is associated with favorable outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for stroke patients. However, the degree of inter-proceduralist differences in CR rates is unknown, and whether higher CR rates are being achieved by performing more passes or by focusing on first-pass effectiveness is also unclear.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study of anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke patients in the United States from 2016 to 2022. Patients treated by proceduralists with at least 50 cases were included. CR rates for each proceduralist were assessed and proceduralists were divided into tertiles. First-pass effect (FPE, defined as CR after one pass) and the number of passes for patients treated by the top tertile of proceduralists were compared with the bottom tertile. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess causal links between CR rates and number of passes or FPE.ResultsA total of 1096 EVTs performed by 11 proceduralists were identified. CR rates were highly variable across providers (43.1% to 75.3%, p<0.001). Patients treated by the top tertile were more likely to experience FPE (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.67, p<0.001) and did not undergo more passes (p=0.69) compared with the bottom tertile. Higher rates of FPE among patients was a significant mediator of higher odds of CR among patients treated by the top tertile (p<0.001).ConclusionsAngiographic outcomes among EVT proceduralists are highly variable. Proceduralists who achieve higher rates of CR are doing so with higher rates of FPE, not more passes.
Probing the double-beta decay of $$^{104}$$Ru through precise Q-value measurements and nuclear matrix element calculations
Authors: Ruotsalainen Jouni , Kauppinen Elina , Eronen Tommi , Kankainen Anu , Kotila Jenni , Mougeot Maxime 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Q value of the double-beta (

$$\beta ^-\beta ^-$$

β
-

β
-

) decay of

$$^{104}$$

104

Ru (

$$Q_{\beta ^-\beta ^-}$$

Q

β
-

β
-

-value) was determined using the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap mass spectrometer employing the Phase-Imaging Ion Cyclotron Resonance (PI-ICR) method. The obtained value of 1297.705(36) keV is in agreement with the current literature value of 1299.4(27) keV but is over 70 times more precise. As a consistency check on a 100 eV level, we also measured the precisely known

$$^{102}$$

102

Pd double-electron capture Q value,

$$Q_\textrm{ECEC}=1203.531(92)$$

Q
ECEC

=
1203.531

(
92
)

keV, which agrees with the literature value of 1203.47(4) keV. The measured Q value of

$$^{104}$$

104

Ru

$$\beta ^-\beta ^-$$

β
-

β
-

decay was used in calculations of the phase-space factors of the double-beta decay. Also, the nuclear matrix elements were calculated using the microscopic interacting boson model (IBM-2) as a nuclear model and compared with other available results. With these theoretical calculations based on the measured Q value, the estimates for the two-neutrino and neutrinoless double-beta decay half-lives of

$$^{104}$$

104

Ru were calculated to be

$$t_{1/2}^{2\nu \beta \beta }>5.449\times 10^{21}$$

t

1
/
2

2
ν
β
β

>
5.449
×

10
21

years and

$$t_{1/2}^{0\nu \beta \beta }>5.775\times 10^{26}$$

t

1
/
2

0
ν
β
β

>
5.775
×

10
26

years, respectively. The calculated

$$2\nu \beta ^-\beta ^-$$

2
ν

β
-

β
-

half-life is longer than the current experimental lower limit but short enough to be potentially within reach with future high precision experiments.
Automatic Segmentation of the Cisternal Segment of Trigeminal Nerve on MRI Using Deep Learning
Authors: Hsu Li-Ming , Wang Shuai , Chang Sheng-Wei , Lee Yu-Li , Yang Jen-Tsung , Lin Ching-Po , Tsai Yuan-Hsiung 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Accurate segmentation of the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve plays a critical role in identifying and treating different trigeminal nerve–related disorders, including trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, the current manual segmentation process is prone to interobserver variability and consumes a significant amount of time. To overcome this challenge, we propose a deep learning–based approach, U‐Net, that automatically segments the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve.Methods: To evaluate the efficacy of our proposed approach, the U‐Net model was trained and validated on healthy control images and tested in on a separate dataset of TN patients. The methods such as Dice, Jaccard, positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity (SEN), center‐of‐mass distance (CMD), and Hausdorff distance were used to assess segmentation performance.Results: Our approach achieved high accuracy in segmenting the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve, demonstrating robust performance and comparable results to those obtained by participating radiologists.Conclusion: The proposed deep learning–based approach, U‐Net, shows promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of segmenting the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fully automated segmentation method for the trigeminal nerve in anatomic MRI, and it has the potential to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of various trigeminal nerve–related disorders, such as TN.
Maternal Birth Weight From Maternal and Child Health Handbooks Predicts LGA Neonates Better Than Maternal Parameters in Pregnancy
Authors: Dateoka Kaname , Mabuchi Suguru , Nagamine Yuiko , Arai Takanari , Hashimoto Masayoshi 
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study is aimed at evaluating maternal birth weight, recorded in Japan’s Maternal and Child Health Handbooks, as a predictor for large for gestational age (LGA) neonates compared to traditional pregnancy factors.Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed maternal and neonatal data from 374 singleton, full‐term pregnancies at Keiju General Hospital (2017–2020). Maternal birth weight was obtained from Japan’s Maternal Child Health Handbooks, and fasting plasma glucose was measured during the 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Logistic regression models assessed the predictive contributions of maternal birth weight and fasting plasma glucose, adjusted for maternal and pregnancy factors.Results: Among 374 patients, 9.8% of neonates were classified as LGA. This group had a higher proportion of a family history of diabetes (p = 0.04) and greater maternal height (p = 0.01), pre‐pregnancy weight (p = 0.004), weight before delivery (p = 0.03), and maternal birth weight (p = 0.001) than the non‐LGA group. Multivariate analysis showed that maternal birth weight remained a significant predictor of neonatal birth weight after adjusting for other risk factors (odds ratios: 2.92 for maternal birth weight between 3500 and 3999 g and 4.77 for birth weight ≥ 4000 g).Conclusion: This study suggests the potential of incorporating maternal birth weight to improve LGA risk prediction. These findings provide foundational data for further research into the integration of maternal birth weight in risk assessment models and its potential clinical applications.
An Unusual Case of ITB Tuberculosis Leading to Isolated Distal ITB Rupture
Authors: Sharma Gaurav Kant , Dubey Anuja , Modi Lalit Kumar , Chatha Prableen Kaur , Botchu Rajesh 
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This case report aims to describe an extremely rare instance of isolated distal iliotibial band (ITB) rupture due to tuberculosis (TB), a condition that is seldom seen in clinical practice. The goal is to highlight the diagnostic challenges, ultrasound findings and the successful treatment of this condition in a non-athlete patient with non-resolving lateral knee pain. Methodology: A 33-year-old female with no history of trauma or pulmonary TB presented with chronic lateral knee pain. Initial ultrasound (USG) suggested ITB friction syndrome, but the symptoms worsened despite treatment. A second USG revealed increased ITB thickness, partial rupture and fluid collection. Histopathological examination of the tissue sample identified granulomatous inflammation and caseous necrosis, while reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results: The diagnosis of musculoskeletal tuberculosis involving the iliotibial band was confirmed, and the patient was successfully treated with anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT). The treatment resulted in the resolution of symptoms and recovery from the rupture.
An evidence-based treatment algorithm for congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Stewart Latoya A , Wu Yeu Sanz , Channing Alexandra , Krishnan Usha S , Leone Tina A , Goldshtrom Nimrod , Vargas Chaves Diana P , Penn Anna , DeFazio Jennifer , Fallon Erica M , Middlesworth William , Stylianos Steven , Duron Vincent P 
Published: February 2025

Background Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) affects more than 1100 newborns in the United States each year. Severity of clinical presentation is highly variable. Standardized care improves outcomes by promoting consistency in decision-making and clarifying goals of treatment, but CDH management has not yet been standardized. Methods We performed a comprehensive literature review with special consideration for—cardiac dysfunction, indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and timing of repair. In collaboration with experts across specialties, we sought to develop and implement a treatment algorithm based on current CDH literature and our own institutional experience. Results Left ventricular (LV) hypoplasia and dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to the severity of clinical presentation and cardiac dysfunction seen with CDH. Cardiac dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes and increased mortality. CDH-associated severe hypoxic respiratory failure refractory to medical therapy is one of the most common indications for ECMO in the neonatal period. The decision to initiate ECMO and selection of configuration should be shared by members of a multidisciplinary care team. The optimal timing of repair with respect to ECMO has been evolving in the last 3 decades. Conclusion Following our review, we recommend (1) timely and detailed cardiac evaluation with echocardiogram after birth, and (2) early repair on ECMO for high-risk patients and delayed repair post-ECMO for low-risk patients with anticipated short ECMO run. This treatment algorithm is a step toward standardization of CDH management practices, which we expect will improve CDH outcomes at our institution and others.