bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of hematological patients concomitant with COVID‐19
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxi , Wang Gaoxiang , Chen Liting , Meng Fankai , Huang Liang , Huang Lifang , Wang Na , Li Tongjuan , Cao Yang , Zhou Jianfeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) represented the most serious issue to public health globally. Hematological patients as immunocompromised hosts are vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. There is little information available regarding the clinical features of hematological patients concomitant with COVID‐19. In this study, 9 concomitant patients were analyzed for their clinical manifestations, laboratory data, radiological findings, and immunologic features. The median age was 50 years (range, 17‐68 years) and 6 patients were male. Seven patients were infected through hospital‐associated transmission and other 2 through community‐associated transmission. Onset of COVID‐19 in all patients occurred during routine treatments for their hematological diseases. Eight patients were classified as moderate and 1 patient as critically ill COVID‐19. Four patients died, 1 from leukemia progression, 2 from life‐threatening secondary infection, and the other from respiratory failure caused by COVID‐19. Abruptly elevated levels of cytokines were often correlated with progressive hematological disease or concurrent bacterial infections. Two patients had atypical computed tomography (CT) imaging findings of COVID‐19. The median interval from the first CT scan imaging to improvement in survivors was 40 days (range, 14‐51 days). Four of 5 survivors had negative serological tests 1 month after symptom onset. Positive viral load in 4 survivors lasted longer than 45 days. Our results indicated concomitant patients formed a distinct subgroup characterized by atypical clinical features, defective viral clearance, and lower level of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific Abs. Targeted therapies that impair host humoral immunity should be avoided. These findings will be helpful to tailor appropriate management for the concomitant patients.
Cycling environment investigation and optimization of urban central road in Qingdao
Authors: Xue Kai , Deng Yue , Zhang Hang , Pandiyan Sanjeevi , Manickam Adhiyaman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the context of the current construction of smart cities, cycling activities have grown rapidly, and the optimization of road cycling environments has become increasingly important. In order to explore the role of the optimization of cycling environment in improving the health of cyclists and shaping the overall sustainable environment of the city, this article takes the coastal road of Qingdao as the research object to consult the relevant literature and current environment investigation. The IPA analysis method is used to analyze and evaluate the safety, continuity, convenience, interest, and comfort of the cycling environment, to plan and construct the bicycle lanes to ensure the personal safety of cyclists, and to improve the original road facilities. In order to make suggestions for the optimization of the cycling environment in Qingdao, five aspects of developing the characteristic cycling route of coastal tourism are put forward. That is to ensure smooth cycling activities, to add bicycles parking facilities to maintain a good appearance of the city, to increase bicycles related services facilities, to make rational use of the vertical slope of the road, and to make use of the advantages of natural landscape resources.
Mechanisms, screening modalities and treatment options for individuals with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hydes T. J. , Summers N. , Brown E. , Alam U. , Thomaides‐Brears H. , Wilding J. P. H. , Cuthbertson D. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exists as a spectrum of disease ranging from excessive accumulation of fat within the liver (simple steatosis), inflammation (non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis) through to fibrosis, cirrhosis and end‐stage liver disease. There is also an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. The principal risk factor for NAFLD is overweight or obesity, along with type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD itself is also a risk factor for incident type 2 diabetes. Overweight/obesity is synergistic with alcohol consumption in causing progressive and insidious liver damage. Recent consensus advocates a change in nomenclature from NAFLD to ‘metabolic associated fatty liver disease’ (MAFLD), reflective of the associated metabolic abnormalities (insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome components). Additional extra‐hepatic manifestations of NAFLD include cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and certain cancers. Unlike other micro‐ and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes, systematic screening or surveillance protocols have not been widely adopted in routine diabetes care to assess for presence/severity of NAFLD. Various screening tools are available (non‐invasive tests and biochemical indices) combined with imaging techniques (e.g. transient elastography) to detect steatosis and more importantly advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis to facilitate appropriate surveillance. Liver biopsy may be sometimes necessary. Treatment options for type 2 diabetes, including lifestyle interventions (dietary change and physical activity), glucose‐lowering therapies and metabolic surgery, can modulate hepatic steatosis and to a lesser extent fibrosis. Awareness of the impact of liver disease on the choice of glucose‐lowering medications in individuals with type 2 diabetes is also critical.
Foraging behavior responses of Orius insidiosus to thrips cues
Authors: Traczyk Edward , Funderburk Joe , Martini Xavier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe minute pirate bugs (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) are effective biological control agents against destructive agricultural pests such as the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in agroecosystems around the world. One species, Orius insidiosus (Say), has proven effective in controlling thrips populations in fields and greenhouses, and serves as an integral component of many integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Three experiments were conducted using motion‐tracking software and dual‐choice Y‐tube bioassays to determine whether direct thrips contact and thrips cues contact induced arrestant and attractant behaviors. The experiments revealed that O. insidiosus adults exhibited behavioral changes indicative of switching from extensive to intensive foraging after direct exposure to thrips prey. Similar arresting behavior was induced by the presence of thrips tracks alone. In Y‐tube bioassays O. insidiosus showed preference towards arms containing tracks from western flower thrips larvae vs. clean arms, but only when direct contact with the tracks was made in the stem. Our data indicate that thrips deposit non‐volatile semiochemicals that are used by O. insidiosus during foraging. These compounds have the potential to aid in O. insidiosus behavior manipulation which may help in early control of thrips populations in fields and greenhouses. Further research is necessary to determine the chemical composition of these cues and how to effectively and pragmatically integrate the inducing stimuli into biocontrol programs as part of IPM strategies.
Oxalate‐fluoride anion exchange in alpine tundra soil: Impact on aluminium transport
Authors: Evans Andrew , Jacobs Michael B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnion exchange between ubiquitous low‐molecular‐weight organic acids (LMWOA), such as oxalate, and surface‐retained inorganic anions, such as F−, SO42− and OH−, can play a critical role in Al bioavailability and transport in acidic alpine tundra soil. A series of batch equilibration and composite soil column leaching studies were conducted to examine anion exchange reactions between F−, oxalate and OH−, and the impact of increased soil solution F− concentration on Al transport. The addition of either F− or oxalate to soil suspensions resulted in significantly higher solution pH, suggesting F− and oxalate exchange with surface –OH groups. Distinct stages of OH− release were observed for all soil horizons leached with 1.32 × 10−3 mol l−1 F−, with OH− release decreasing in the order O/A1 ~ A2> > Bw. A similar OH− release pattern was observed in the O/A1 horizon for the 7.81 × 10−4 mol l−1 oxalate treatment, suggesting that both F− and oxalate may be competing for common exchange sites in the O/A1 horizon. Fluoride displacement by oxalate, in batch equilibration experiments, was observed for both the 2.84 × 10−4 mol l−1 and 7.81 × 10−4 mol l−1 oxalate treatment. Individual soil horizons leached with 7.81 × 10−4 mol l−1 oxalate exhibited increased F− leaching in the order O/A1 > A2 ~ Bw, with pulsed F− movement being observed in the O/A1 horizon. Soil columns eluted with 1.32 × 10−3 mol l−1 F− exhibited increased Al solubilization and transport, with Al leaching increasing in the order Bw > A2 > O/A1. Sequential leaching of soil columns in the order D. I. H2O → 1.32 × 10−3 mol l−1 F− → D.I. H2O → 7.81 × 10−4 mol l−1 oxalate indicated that previously adsorbed F− was displaced by oxalate. Displacement of F− by oxalate increased in the order O/A1 > A2 > Bw. Hydroxyl displacement by both F− and oxalate may be an important source of acid neutralization in a soil wetting front, affecting Al speciation and transport.Highlights
Oxalate and F− compete for similar OH− exchange sites, increasing soil pH.
Adsorbed F− can be displaced by oxalate anions.
Al solubilization increases with F− adsorption in alpine tundra soil.
Aluminium fluoride speciation changes rapidly within the soil wetting front.
Anion exchange reactions should be considered in assessing soil ANC.
Box and block test, hand grip strength and nine‐hole peg test: correlations between three upper limb objective measures in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Solaro C. , Di Giovanni R. , Grange E. , Mueller M. , Messmer Uccelli M. , Bertoni R. , Brichetto G. , Tacchino A. , Patti F. , Pappalardo A. , Prosperini L. , Castelli L. , Rosato R. , Cattaneo D. , Marengo D. 
Published: July 2020

Background and purposeLimited data are available in the literature for upper limb impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to report the distribution of values of hand grip strength (HGS), of the box and block test (BBT) and of the nine‐hole peg test (9HPT) correlated with demographic and clinical data in subjects with MS.MethodsThis study involved five Italian neurological centres. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18, MS diagnosis, stable disease phase, right‐hand dominance. All subjects underwent HGS, BBT and 9‐HPT evaluation.ResultsIn all, 202 subjects with MS were enrolled: 137 females; mean age 48.4 years; mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 4.17; mean disease duration 14.12 years; disease course 129 relapsing–remitting, 21 primary progressive and 52 secondary progressive MS subjects; mean right HGS 25.3 kg, left 23.2 kg; mean right BBT 45.7 blocks, left 44.9 blocks; mean right 9‐HPT 30.7 s, left 33.4 s. All results were statistically significantly different compared to healthy controls. HGS, BBT and 9‐HPT were associated with age, EDSS and disease duration, whilst disease course correlated with BBT and 9‐HPT. The BBT and 9‐HPT scores significantly differed according to level of disability (EDSS ≤3.0, 3.5–5.5, ≥6.0).ConclusionHand grip strength and BBT value distribution in a large MS population is reported. Correlations between HGS, BBT and 9‐HPT were generally low.
Potential short‐term earthquake forecasting by farm animal monitoring
Authors: Wikelski Martin , Mueller Uschi , Scocco Paola , Catorci Andrea , Desinov Lev V. , Belyaev Mikhail Y. , Keim Daniel , Pohlmeier Winfried , Fechteler Gerhard , Martin Mai P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhether changes in animal behavior allow for short‐term earthquake predictions has been debated for a long time. Before, during and after the 2016/2017 earthquake sequence in Italy, we deployed bio‐logging tags to continuously observe the activity of farm animals (cows, dogs, and sheep) close to the epicenter of the devastating magnitude M6.6 Norcia earthquake (Oct–Nov 2016) and over a subsequent longer observation period (Jan–Apr 2017). Relating 5,304 (in 2016) and 12,948 (in 2017) earthquakes with a wide magnitude range (0.4 ≤ M ≤ 6.6) to continuously measured animal activity, we detected how the animals collectively reacted to earthquakes. We also found consistent anticipatory activity prior to earthquakes during times when the animals were in a building (stable), but not during their time on a pasture. We detected these anticipatory patterns not only in periods with high, but also in periods of low seismic activity. Earthquake anticipation times (1–20 hr) are negatively correlated with the distance between the farm and earthquake hypocenters. Our study suggests that continuous bio‐logging of animal collectives has the potential to provide statistically reliable patterns of pre‐seismic activity that could yield valuable insights for short‐term earthquake forecasting. Based on a priori model parameters, we provide empirical threshold values for pre‐seismic animal activities to be used in real‐time observation stations.
A minimally invasive clinical model to test sunscreen toxicity based on oxidative stress levels using microbiopsy and confocal microscopy – a proof of concept study
Authors: Yamada Miko , Lin Lynlee L. , Hang Lydia Y.T. , Belt Paul J. , Peter Soyer H. , Raphael Anthony P. , Prow Tarl W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis proof‐of‐concept study demonstrated that using minimally invasive skin microsampling could enable significantly higher throughput of cosmetic testing in volunteers than conventional biopsy. Nanoparticle sunscreen was used as a model to test toxicity based on oxidative stress using microbiopsy and confocal imaging.MethodsSix volunteers were recruited for this study (3 males and 3 females). Zinc oxide nanoparticle containing topical formulation was prepared at 10% w/v. Each volunteer had 3 areas of 4 cm2 each mapped on each inner forearm for a total of 6 treatment areas (intact/ tape‐stripped and with/without treatment). The topical zinc‐nanoparticle formulation was applied directly to volunteer skin (2mg/cm2) for 2 hrs. Microbiopsied tissue from each treatment group was stained for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in addition to mitochondrial superoxide. The stained samples were then imaged using confocal microscopy prior to image analysis.ResultsSkin exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles did not show any significant increases in oxidative stress. Zinc oxide nanoparticle tape‐stripped skin resulted in signal significantly lower (P < 0.001) oxidative stress levels than t‐butylated hydroxytoluene treated tape‐stripped skin for oxidative stress markers. Topically applied zinc oxide nanoparticles had no detectable effect on the oxidative status in volunteer skin. No adverse reactions or effects were observed after all treatments including microbiopsy.ConclusionThe data support the hypothesis that microbiopsy is a viable approach to study cosmeceutical‐ skin interactions in volunteers with capacity for molecular assays and high throughput with very low risk to the volunteer.
A review of varietal change in roots, tubers and bananas: consumer preferences and other drivers of adoption and implications for breeding
Authors: Thiele Graham , Dufour Dominique , Vernier Philippe , Mwanga Robert O. M. , Parker Monica L. , Schulte Geldermann Elmar , Teeken Béla , Wossen Tesfamicheal , Gotor Elisabetta , Kikulwe Enoch , Tufan Hale , Sinelle Sophie , Kouakou Amani Michel , Friedmann Michael , Polar Vivian , Hershey Clair 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis review of the literature on varietal change in sub‐Saharan Africa looks in detail at adoption of new varieties of bananas in Uganda, cassava in Nigeria, potato in Kenya, sweetpotato in Uganda and yams in Côte d’Ivoire. The review explored three hypotheses about drivers of varietal change. There was a strong confirmation for the hypothesis that insufficient priority given to consumer‐preferred traits by breeding programmes contributes to the limited uptake of modern varieties (MVs) and low varietal turnover. Lack of evidence meant the second hypothesis of insufficient attention to understanding and responding to gender differences in consumer preferences for quality and post‐harvest traits was unresolved. The evidence on the third hypothesis about the informal seed system contributing to slow uptake of MVs was mixed. In some cases, the informal system has contributed to rapid uptake of MVs, but often it appears to be a barrier with inconsistent varietal naming a major challenge.
Effects of carboxymethylation, hydroxypropylation and dual‐enzyme hydrolysis combination with heating on in vitro hypoglycaemic properties of coconut cake dietary fibres
Authors: Zheng Yajun , Shi Panqi , Li Yan , Yongliang Zhuang , Wang Xian , Liu Le 
Published: July 2020

SummaryEffects of carboxymethylation, hydroxypropylation and dual‐enzyme hydrolysis combined with heating on in vitro hypoglycaemic properties of coconut cake dietary fibre (CCDF) were studied. Results showed that all the three modification methods could effectively improve (P < 0.05) the glucose‐adsorption ability (GAA), glucose dialysis retardation index (GDRI), α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibition activity of CCDF. The highest GAA (4.45–4.93 mm g−1), GDRI (85.09–86.94% mm g−1) and α‐glucosidase inhibition activity (16.39–19.37%) were found on CCDFs modified by hydroxypropylation and carboxymethylation, attributed to the increased soluble dietary fibre content, viscosity and water retention and swelling capacity. Moreover, CCDF treated by enzymatic hydrolysis combined with heating demonstrated the highest α‐amylase inhibition activity (53.95%), attributed to the high specific surface area, more porous surface structure and formation of fibre–amylase complex proved by fluorescence spectroscopy. These results suggest that the modified CCDFs could be used as low‐calorie functional ingredients in food or other industries.
Reference charts for body composition parameters by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in European children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years—Results from the Austrian LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) cohort
Authors: Ofenheimer Alina , Breyer‐Kohansal Robab , Hartl Sylvia , Burghuber Otto C. , Krach Florian , Schrott Andrea , Franssen Frits M. E. , Wouters Emiel F. M. , Breyer Marie‐Kathrin 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundDXA is a widely used technique to assess body composition. Reference values based on a large general population cohort of European children and adolescents were missing. The aim of this study was to provide age‐ and sex‐specific reference percentiles of body composition parameters for European children and adolescents and to compare them to the American NHANES cohort. Additionally, exponents accounting best for height biases were analysed.MethodsDXA scans of 1573 participants, aged 6 to 18 years, recruited from 2011 to 2019 by the Austrian LEAD study, a representative population‐based cohort, have been used to create reference charts using the LMS model.ResultsReference charts displaying percentile curves and the corresponding reference values are provided. Fat mass parameters were higher in females, while lean mass parameters were higher in males. Compared to the NHANES cohort medians of FMI and LMI were always lower. For FMI, BMI, LMI and ALMI the best fitting exponent were 2.5, 3, 3 and 3.5 respectivelyConclusionsThe present study provides reference charts for children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years, for body composition parameters assessed by DXA. The charts enable comparison to a European general‐population cohort and indicate that reference populations should be chosen with caution.
Time Together as an arena for mental health nursing – staff experiences of introducing and participating in a nursing intervention in psychiatric inpatient care
Authors: Molin Jenny , Hällgren Graneheim Ulla , Ringnér Anders , Lindgren Britt‐Marie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA lack of meaningful activities for people with mental ill health admitted to psychiatric inpatient care has been related to feelings of boredom and ‘doing nothing’ and is not in line with recovery‐oriented care. Staff in psychiatric inpatient care report having limited time, ambiguous responsibilities, and insufficient support that counteracts their ideals of good nursing care and puts them at risk for high levels of stress and stress of conscience. Research highlights a need for interactions between patients and staff, but few nursing interventions with such a focus are described in the literature. This qualitative study aimed to illuminate staff experiences of introducing and participating in the nursing intervention Time Together, via qualitative content analysis of 17 individual semi‐structured interviews with nursing staff in psychiatric inpatient care. The results show that these staff members experienced Time Together as an arena for mental health nursing. They prepared for the introduction of the intervention by laying a framework for success. Although the actual implementation led to them feeling burdened, they found that Time Together fostered relationships between patients and staff. For successful implementation, mental health nurses need to advocate the intervention. As Time Together constitutes an arena for mental health nursing, play and conversations based on reciprocity and equality can contribute to patients’ recovery.
Effect of home and over the contour bleaching on stainability of CAD/CAM esthetic restorative materials
Authors: Tinastepe Neslihan , Malkondu Ozlem , Iscan Ipek , Kazazoglu Ender 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of home and over the counter bleaching on the stainability of CAD/CAM restorative materials, and to correlate the surface roughness with discoloration.Material and MethodsSpecimens were fabricated from feldspathic ceramic, an hybrid ceramic, a resin nano‐ceramic, and lithium disilicate‐reinforced glass ceramic. After baseline surface roughness (Ra1) and color measurement, each material was randomly divided into three groups according to bleaching regimen as Opalescence PF and; Opalescence Go; control. Then, the second color and surface roughness (Ra2) measurements were made. Thereafter, all specimens were immersed in a coffee solution for 12 days and the third color measurement was made. Color and whiteness change (CIELAB— ΔEab, CIEDE2000—ΔE00, whiteness index—ΔWID) were calculated after bleaching (ΔE1;ΔE001;ΔWID1) and immersion in the coffee solution (ΔE2;ΔE002;ΔWID2).ResultsAccording to both CIELAB, CIEDE 2000 and WID formulas, the highest mean ΔE1, ΔE2, ΔWID1, ΔWID2 values were observed for LAVA Ultimate groups while the lowest values were measured for e.max CAD groups. The findings also showed that there was a positively significant relationship between Ra2, and ΔE2 and ΔWID2.ConclusionsType of restorative materials and bleaching agents had an impact on color change after bleaching and immersion in coffee.Clinical SignificanceHome and over‐the‐counter bleaching agents may cause an increase in susceptibility of restorative materials to staining.