bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes and Developments of the Latin Patriarchate and the Melkite Catholic Church in the Post-Great War Lands of Palestine and Transjordan
Authors: Maggiolini Paolo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Reconsidering the relationship between the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem and the Melkite Catholic Church, the paper aims to analyze the changes and developments of the Catholic Church’s presence in post-World War I Palestine and Transjordan. It specifically examines how the dialectic and debate on the issue of Arabization and Latin-Melkite competition during the Mandate period went beyond the traditional inter-Church rivalry, epitomizing the progression of a complex process of reconfiguring the Catholic ecclesiastical and missionary presence in the Holy Land in efforts to amalgamate and harmonize its “national-local” and “transnational” scopes and characters. The paper will specifically look at the local Catholic dimension and its religious hierarchies to understand the logic behind their positioning in regard to such issues. This perspective makes it possible to reveal how local religious Catholic leaderships (of both the Latin Patriarchate and Melkite Catholic Church) sought to interpret and promote the reconfiguration of their respective Church and religious community organizations and structures in these two lands during the Mandate. The intra-Catholic perspective will help us understand how intra-denominational as well as inter-denominational competition acted as tools for missionary, ecclesiastical and community development as well as a catalyst of change, anticipating most of the issues that still characterize the complex position and condition of the Church in this territory.
Missionary Politics in Late Ottoman Palestine
Authors: Papastathis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to elaborate on the Jerusalem Orthodox Patriarchate’s missionary work in late Ottoman times, paying special attention on its incapacity to counteract the activities of its rivals within the religious market of Palestine. In particular, the article addresses the following research questions: What was the extent of the Patriarchate’s missionary activity, and its stance vis-à-vis the work of the other Church missions, i.e. the Roman-Catholic, and Protestant? Was its policy effective; and if not, why? Overall, the article argues that neither the missionary enterprise nor the blocking of the western missions’ conversion activities were at the top of the patriarchal agenda. It is suggested that the causes of this stance were mainly: a) the financial and political disadvantageous position of the institution; b) the centrality of the custodianship of the Holy Places as the primary aim of its function; and c) the development of Greek nationalism as the nodal point of the discourse.
Catholic Missionaries of the ‘Holy Land’ and the Nahda
Authors: Pieraccini Paolo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
At the beginning of the twentieth century, some Palestinian and Lebanese Salesians, influenced by the Arab Renaissance movement, began to claim the right to oppose the ‘directorships’ of the institutes of the Don Bosco Society in Bethlehem and the surrounding area. They also began to request better recognition of their native language, in schools and within the religious community. They clashed with their superiors who, in the meantime, had signed an agreement with the Salesian government in Rome, committing them to developing the Italian language in their teaching institutes. The struggle became particularly fierce after the Holy See rebuked the Palestinian religious congregations for teaching the catechism and explaining the Sunday Gospel to people in a foreign language and urged them to do so in Arabic. The clash caused a serious disturbance within the Salesian community. Finally, after the First World War, the most turbulent Arab religious were removed from the Society of Don Bosco. All converged in the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, where they continued forcefully (but in vain) to put forward their national demands. This article is based on several unpublished sources.
The Role of Zonally Averaged Climate Change in Contributing to Intermodel Spread in CMIP5 Predicted Local Precipitation Changes
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim I. , Adam Ori , Morin Efrat , Enzel Yehoudah , Elbaum Eilat , Bartov Maya , Rostkier-Edelstein Dorita , Dayan Uri 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile CMIP5 models robustly project drying of the subtropics and more precipitation in the tropics and subpolar latitudes by the end of the century, the magnitude of these changes in precipitation varies widely across models: for example, some models simulate no drying in the eastern Mediterranean while others simulate more than a 50% reduction in precipitation relative to the model-simulated present-day value. Furthermore, the factors leading to changes in local subtropical precipitation remain unclear. The importance of zonal-mean changes in atmospheric structure for local precipitation changes is explored in 42 CMIP5 models. It is found that up to half of the local intermodel spread over the Mediterranean, northern Mexico, East Asia, southern Africa, southern Australia, and southern South America is related to the intermodel spread in large-scale processes such as the magnitude of globally averaged surface temperature increases, Hadley cell widening, polar amplification, stabilization of the tropical upper troposphere, or changes in the polar stratosphere. Globally averaged surface temperature increases account for intermodel spread in land subtropical drying in the Southern Hemisphere but are not important for land drying adjacent to the Mediterranean. The factors associated with drying over the eastern Mediterranean and western Mediterranean differ, with stabilization of the tropical upper troposphere being a crucial factor for the former only. Differences in precipitation between the western and eastern Mediterranean are also evident on interannual time scales. In contrast, the global factors examined here are unimportant over most of the United States, and more generally over the interior of continents. Much of the rest of the spread can be explained by variations in local relative humidity, a proxy also for zonally asymmetric circulation and thermodynamic changes.
Graft Size and Orientation Within the Femoral Notch Affect Graft Healing at 1 Year After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Oshima Takeshi , Putnis Sven , Grasso Samuel , Klasan Antonio , Parker David Anthony 
Published: November 2019

Background: The combined influence of anatomic and operative factors affecting graft healing after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction within the femoral notch is not well understood. Purpose: To determine the influence of graft size and orientation in relation to femoral notch anatomy, with the signal/noise quotient (SNQ) of the graft used as a measure of graft healing after primary single-bundle ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 98 patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up after primary single-bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autografts were included. Graft healing was evaluated at 1 year on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan as the mean SNQ measured from 3 regions situated at sites at the proximal, middle, and distal graft. Patient characteristics, chondropenia severity score, tunnel sizes, tunnel locations, graft bending angle (GBA), graft sagittal angle, posterior tibial slope (PTS), graft length, graft volume, femoral notch volume, and graft-notch volume ratio (measured using postoperative 3-T high-resolution MRI) were evaluated to determine any association with 1-year graft healing. The correlation between 1-year graft healing and clinical outcome at minimum 2 years was also assessed. Results: There was no significant difference in mean SNQ between male and female patients ( P > .05). Univariate regression analysis showed that a low femoral tunnel ( P = .005), lateral tibial tunnel ( P = .009), large femoral tunnel ( P = .011), large tibial tunnel ( P < .001), steep lateral PTS ( P = .010), steep medial PTS ( P = .004), acute graft sagittal angle ( P < .001), acute GBA ( P < .001), large graft volume ( P = .003), and high graft-notch volume ratio ( P < .001) were all associated with higher graft SNQ values. A multivariate regression analysis showed 2 significant factors: a large graft-notch volume ratio ( P = .001) and an acute GBA ( P = .004). The 1-year SNQ had a weak correlation with 2-year Tegner Activity Scale score ( r = 0.227; P = .026) but no other clinical findings, such as International Knee Documentation Committee subjective and Lysholm scores and anterior tibial translation side-to-side difference. Conclusion: The 1-year SNQ value had a significant positive association with graft-notch volume ratio and GBA. Both graft size and graft orientation appeared to have a significant influence on graft healing as assessed on 1-year high-resolution MRI scan.
Clinicoradiologic Profile and Outcome of Children With Tubercular Meningitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Fatema Kanij , Rahman Md Mizanur , Akhter Shaheen , Akter Naznin , Paul Bikush Chandra , Begum Suraiya , Begum Fahmida 
Published: November 2019

Background: Children are most vulnerable to tubercular meningitis. Neuroimaging is an important initial investigation in tubercular meningitis. Objective: This study was done to describe the clinical profile, neuroimaging changes, and clinical outcome in children with tubercular meningitis. Methodology: This was an observational cohort study on children with tubercular meningitis, between January 2012 and June 2018. Tubercular meningitis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical criteria, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neuroimaging, and response to antitubercular drug treatment. Preferably magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast was done. Result: Out of 79 pediatric patients, 17 patients were lost during follow-up; thus, a total of 62 patients were studied. Mean age at presentation was 7.040 (±3.99 SD) year, 51.6% children were male. Rural children were more affected. Twenty eight (45.2 patients had contact with a person with tuberculosis. Only 3 (4.8%) patients presented within 10 days of duration of illness. Most of the cases (67.7%) were in stage 2 at the time of diagnosis. The most common clinical feature was fever, seizure, and signs of meningeal irritation (all present in 12.9%). In neuroimaging most common findings were tuberculoma (50%), hydrocephalus (54.8%), and basal meningeal enhancement (33.8%). Regarding outcome, 6 (9.67%) patients expired and 47 (75%) patients had sequelae. The most common complications were hydrocephalus (30.64%) and intellectual disability (12.9 ). Hydrocephalus was the most common neuroimaging finding among the patients who expired (33%). Conclusion: Hydrocephalus is the most common neuroimaging finding. Normal neuroimaging is associated with good outcome whereas all the patients who died had abnormal neuroimaging.
Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Across Occupational Classifications
Authors: Quinn Tyler D. , Pettee Gabriel Kelley , Siddique Juned , Aaby David , Whitaker Kara M. , Lane-Cordova Abbi , Sidney Stephen , Sternfield Barbara , Barone Gibbs Bethany 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:To examine differences in activity patterns across employment and occupational classifications.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:A 2005-2006 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.Sample:Participants with valid accelerometry data (n = 2068).Measures:Uniaxial accelerometry data (ActiGraph 7164), accumulated during waking hours, were summarized as mean activity counts (counts/min) and time spent (min/d) in long-bout sedentary (≥30 minutes, SED≥30), short-bout sedentary (<30 minutes, SED<30), light physical activity (LPA), short-bout moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (<10 minutes, MVPA<10), and long-bout MVPA (≥10 minutes, MVPA≥10) using Freedson cut-points. Employment status was self-reported as full time, part time, unemployed, keeping house, or raising children. Self-reported job duties were categorized into 23 major groups using the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification.Analysis:Omnibus differences were analyzed using adjusted analysis of covariance and repeated after stratification by race (black/white) and sex (female/male).Results:SED≥30, SED<30, LPA, and MVPA<10differed significantly by employment and occupational categories ( P ≤ .05), while MVPA≥10did not ( P ≥ .50). SED≥30, SED<30, and LPA differed by occupational classification in men, women, blacks, and whites ( P < .05). Mean activity counts, MVPA<10, and MVPA≥10were significantly different across occupational classifications in whites ( P ≤ .05), but not in blacks ( P > .05). Significant differences in mean activity counts and MVPA<10across occupational classifications were found in males ( P ≤ .001), but not in females ( P > .05).Conclusion:Time within activity intensity categories differs across employment and occupational classifications and by race and sex.
Translation, Validation, and Psychometric Properties of Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form Among Iranian Women
Authors: Asgarian Azadeh , Hashemi Maryam , Pournikoo Mansoureh , Mirazimi Tayebe-Sadat , Zamanian Hadi , Amini-Tehrani Mohammadali 
Published: November 2019

Background Iranian researchers have investigated breastfeeding self-efficacy and its related factors. However, there is no valid and reliable tool for assessing the breastfeeding self-efficacy of Iranian Farsi-speaking women. Research aim To examine the validity and reliability of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form among Iranian Farsi-speaking mothers. Methods We conducted this cross-sectional study at Izadi teaching hospital in Qom, Iran. Using convenience sampling, we recruited 174 mothers, who completed the questionnaire on the first postnatal day. A forward–backward translation method was used to translate the scale. Cronbach’s alpha and item-total characteristics were examined to test reliability. Construct validity was evaluated via principal component analysis (PCA), as well as known-groups validity. Results The mean (standard deviation) of sample age was 28.33 (5.38). The mean (standard deviation) of breastfeeding self-efficacy score was 54.32 (10.50), ranging from 24–70. Cronbach’s alpha (.92), inter-item correlations (.21–.72), and corrected item-total correlations (.44–.75) indicated the adequate reliability of the scale. PCA yielded one component with an eigenvalue of 6.97, explaining 49.8% of the total variance. There was no significant difference in the self-efficacy scores between primiparous and multiparous women. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was not significantly different between the groups in terms of the demographic characteristics. Conclusion The Farsi version of the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale—Short Form is a valid and reliable instrument for Iranian Farsi-speaking mothers, with sound psychometric properties per the other studies worldwide.
A device for measuring sternal bone connectivity using vibration analysis techniques
Authors: Joutsen Atte , Hautalahti Juha , Jaatinen Esa , Goebeler Sirkka , Paldanius Antti , Viik Jari , Laurikka Jari , Hyttinen Jari 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: Stability of bone splitting sternotomy is essential for normal healing after open cardiac surgery. Mechanical vibration transmittance may offer a means for early detection of separation of bone (diastasis) in the sternotomy and prevent further complications. This article describes the technical implementation and validation of vibration analysis–based prototype device built for measuring sternal bone connectivity after sternotomy. Methods: An in-house built measurement system, sternal vibration device, consisting of actuator, sensor, and main controller and signal acquisition unit was designed and manufactured. The system was validated, and three different test settings were studied in mockups (polylactide rods in ballistic gel) and in two human sternums: intact, stable wire fixation, and unstable wire fixation with a gap mimicking bone diastasis. The transmittance of vibration stimulus across the median sternotomy was measured. Results: The validation showed that the force produced by the actuator was stable, and the sensor could be calibrated to precisely measure the acceleration values. The vibration transmittance response to material cut and sternotomy was evident and detectable in the 20 Hz to 2 kHz band. The transmittance decreased when the connectivity between the sternal halves became unstable. The trend was visible in all the settings. Conclusion: Technical solutions and description of validation process were given. The device was calibrated, and the vibration transmittance analysis differentiated intact and cut polylactide rod. In the sternum, intact bone, wire fixation with exact apposition, and with a gap were identified separately. Although further studies are needed to assess the accuracy of the method to detect different levels of diastases, the method appears to be feasible.
Prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus and associated outcomes in the 2009–2016 US Medicare population
Authors: Li S , Gong T , Peng Y , Nieman K M , Gilbertson D T 
Published: November 2019

Objectives We aimed to update data on the prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Medicare population and describe associated outcomes. Methods This observational study used Medicare 20% random sample data 2007–2016 to estimate SLE prevalence and incidence 2009–2016. The study population included patients aged ≥18 years (stratified by <65 and ≥65 years) with Medicare fee-for-service coverage. The SLE definition was based on a published and validated algorithm. All-cause death, hospitalizations, and kidney disease incidence were defined for a prevalent SLE cohort 2011–2015. Unadjusted event rates during 5-year follow-up were reported per 100 patient-years. Results The study included > 5 million eligible patients for each year 2009–2016. There were 19,518 (10,898, aged ≥65; 8620, aged <65) in 2016, extrapolated to 97,590 (54,490 aged ≥65; 43,100 aged <65) in the overall 2016 Medicare population. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence rates (per 100,000 Medicare population) ranged from 301.1 in 2009 to 366.6 in 2016, all ages, and 184.0–239.9, ≥65 years. There were 2614 (1844 aged ≥65; 770 aged <65) incident patients in 2016; age-/sex-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000 Medicare population) ranged from 46.9 in 2009 to 49.0 in 2016, all ages, and 37.5–40.8, ≥65. Five-year unadjusted mortality, elderly vs. younger, was 8.8 vs. 3.8, morbidity 34.5 vs. 32.4, and kidney disease incidence 19.8 vs. 18.0 per 100 patient-years. Conclusions Prevalence rates steadily increased while incidence was relatively stable 2009–2016. Our data should be interpreted with caution due to our elderly study population.
Feline coronavirus with and without spike gene mutations detected by real-time RT-PCRs in cats with feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Emmler Laura , Felten Sandra , Matiasek Kaspar , Balzer Hans-Joerg , Pantchev Nikola , Leutenegger Christian , Hartmann Katrin 
Published: November 2019

Objectives Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) emerges when feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) mutate within their host to a highly virulent biotype and the immune response is not able to control the infection. FCoV spike ( S) gene mutations are considered to contribute to the change in virulence by enabling FCoV infection of and replication in macrophages. This study investigated the presence of FCoV with and without S gene mutations in cats with FIP using two different real-time RT-PCRs on different samples obtained under clinical conditions. Methods Fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) and incisional biopsies (IBs) of popliteal and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, omentum and kidneys (each n = 20), EDTA blood (n = 13), buffy coat smears (n = 13), serum (n = 11), effusion (n = 14), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 16), aqueous humour (n = 20) and peritoneal lavage (n = 6) were obtained from 20 cats with FIP diagnosed by immunohistochemistry. Samples were examined by RT-PCR targeting the FCoV 7b gene, detecting all FCoV, and S gene mutation RT-PCR targeting mutations in nucleotides 23531 and 23537. The prevalence of FCoV detected in each sample type was calculated. Results In 20/20 cats, FCoV with S gene mutations was present in at least one sample, but there was variation in which sample was positive. FCoV with mutations in the S gene was most frequently found in effusion (64%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 39–89), followed by spleen, omentum and kidney IBs (50%, 95% CI 28–72), mesenteric lymph node IBs and FNAs (45%, 95% CI 23–67), and FNAs of spleen and liver and liver IBs (40%, 95% CI 19–62). Conclusions and relevance In these 20 cats with FIP, FCoVs with S gene mutations were found in every cat in at least one tissue or fluid sample. This highlights the association between mutated S gene and systemic FCoV spread. Examining a combination of different samples increased the probability of finding FCoV with the mutated S gene.
X(-rays) sometimes mark the spot: A case of occult central venous catheter embolization
Authors: Baciarello Marco , Maspero Giada , Maestroni Umberto , Palumbo Giuseppina , Bellini Valentina , Bignami Elena 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Breakage and fragment embolization is a rare but feared complication of peripherally inserted central catheter use. While chest radiographs are no longer the gold standard for determining peripherally inserted central catheter tip position, their use in diagnosing complications is still warranted. We report a case of occult catheter embolization discovered by routine chest X-ray. Case Description: A patient with a right brachial vein peripherally inserted central catheter was admitted to our Emergency Department for palpitations and dyspnea. The peripherally inserted central catheter was not visible at presentation, and she was unclear as to what had happened; she left the Emergency Department before workup was performed. Catheter embolization was discovered upon implantation of a new peripherally inserted central catheter. Conclusion: Although routine chest radiographs are no longer necessary after peripherally inserted central catheter implantation, they are in diagnosing peripherally inserted central catheter–related complications even in asymptomatic patients. We discuss their use and the possible role of securement devices in preventing some instances of catheter embolization.