bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scanning probe microscopy cantilevers improvement for advanced research and manipulation at nano scale.
Authors: Krasnoborodko S Yu , Vysokikh Yu E , Bulatov M F , Churikov D V , Shevyakov V I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a widely used method for the different kind of objects investigation. It allows to obtain information about the surface topography including its mechanical and electromagnetic characteristics at nano scale. SPM also could be used for manipulation of nanoobjects. The most popular and widely used SPM methods are atomic force (AFM) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Both of them based on measuring interaction between sample and cantilever (probe). Type of cantilever its curvature radius, coating, resonant frequency, hardness and other parameters significantly influence on the SPM images. Scientist constantly improving process of probes producing to fit the current demands. It is important to keep in mind that collected AFM data could contain not only direct information about the sample but also it might be a convolution of the sample and cantilever in case then the tip size comparable with the studied object. Convolution effect limits the AFM resolution [1]. Thus one of the most important task for researchers is to minimize this effect by reducing tip size both for AFM and MFM methods.
Interference and wave propagation in a plasmonic Al2O3-Au-Al2O3 ridge waveguide
Authors: Yankovskii G M , Kornienko V V , Shaimanov A N , Ignatov A.I. , Merzlikin A M , Baryshev A V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Performance of plasmonic ridge waveguides of different length formed on fused silica substrates has been studied experimentally and theoretically. All the waveguides were single-mode ones, had a width of 70 μm, and their cross-section had a structure of Al2O3-Au-Al2O3 sandwich–10 nm-thick Au film deposited between 240 nm- and 70 nm-thick Al2O3 top layer and bottom layers. To shape sidewalls, the wave guiding sandwich was etched through its depth. The waveguides were terminated by 1D gratings etched in the sandwich for light coupling/decoupling. The optimized input grating had an elliptical shape for focusing plasmon waves upon excitation, and the output grating was a conventional one. It was found that the traveled plasmonic waves decoupled and visualized themselves as interference patterns in the output grating area. We study propagation of these waves for a set of waveguides with lengths of 0.5-1 mm and demonstrate their main characteristics–the propagation length and attenuation factor.
Vacuum optomechanics of optically levitated objects
Authors: Brzobohaty Oto , Damkova Jana , Svak Vojtech , Siler Martin , Jakl Petr , Simpson Stephen , Marago Onofrio , Donato Maria-Grazia , Filip Radim , Zemanek Pavel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We will introduce to vacuum levitation of objects and present our recent theoretical and experimental results related to the behaviour of micro- and nanoparticles placed into nonlinear optical potentials in underdamped regime.
Doping of resonant silicon nanodisks for efficient optical heating in the near-infrared range
Authors: Zograf George , Makarov Sergey , Petrov Mihail 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
All-dielectric nanophotonics attracted high interest during last years in the field of thermal applications and optical heating mainly due to the ability of electromagnetic field localization inside the nanostructures due to different resonant modes excitation. However, most conventional dielectrics and semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium etc.) are transparent in the near-IR, and, thus, optical heating in this region becomes a challenging task. In this work, we reveal that carrier doping can significantly increase optical heating of a resonant silicon nanodisk, without changing its optical properties dramatically. In addition, semiconductor nanostructures support high-Q thermally responsive Raman signal, which can be used as the temperature sensor at the nanoscale. We believe, that such approach might be very effective for numbers of applications, including bio-medical ones, by working in the’biological tissue window’.
Effect of pH culture and dosage of chitosan nanoemulsion on the effectiveness of bioflocculation in harvesting Chlorella sp. biomass
Authors: Erdawati  , Kanza Mutia , Saefurahman Ganjar , Hidayatuloh Syarif , Kawaroe Mujizat 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Chlorella sp. is a microalga with a size of less than 30 μm that requires a dewatering process to separate its biomass from the culture media, for instance using the flocculation method. In this study, chitosan nanoemulsion was used as the bioflocculant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of harvesting Chlorella sp. biomass using chitosan nanoemulsion with varied doses and predetermined pH levels. The pH and bioflocculant dose affected the amount of biomass recovered during the harvesting process. The results showed that treatment at pH 9 and a dose of 2 gL−1 bioflocculant achieved the highest harvesting efficiency of 98.7%. The characterization of bioflocculant was carried out in the form of proximate analyses on chitosan nanoemulsion which resulted in 95% ash and 90% water contents. The appearance tests showed characteristics of yellow in color, sour aroma, and gel-shaped texture. The physical tests were also performed resulting in a pH of chitosan nanoemulsion of 4.3, viscosity of 15.5 cps, and a density of 1.912 cm/g. This study indicated that chitosan nanoemulsion is considered efficient for use as an alternative bioflocculant for harvesting Chlorella biomass.
Extraction of silicon dioxide from rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) with variation ignition temperature
Authors: Hapsari I L , Irzaman  , Indro M N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rice straw is the largest wastes of the rice plant. Usually, rice straw is only burned after the harvest process by farmers, even though rice straw contains 75% of silicon dioxide. The temperature of ignition is one important process of extracting silicon dioxide. This variation of ignition temperature will affect characteristics of the silicon dioxide. This research used the ignition temperature of 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C. In the first step, rice straw is burned using matches then the powder is washed using 3% HCl and then rinsed using distilled water, and the ignition process in the furnace with different temperatures was set up. Temperature of 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C have a range of electrical conductivity values from 50 Hz – 5 MHz, 10245.37 Hz – 5 MHz, and 11502.15 Hz – 5 MHz that categorized as semiconductors and produces silicon dioxide with a purity of 80.97% atoms, 99.99% atoms, and 61.53% atoms. Silicon dioxide with an ignition temperature of 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C has a degree of crystallinity respectively at 25.82%, 44.24%, and 45,61%.
Transesterification of kesambi oil (Schleichera oleosa l.) using nano ZnO-CuO/γ-alumina solid catalyst
Authors: Asri N P , Yuniati Y , Hindarso H , Hidayat N , Siswa I , Puspitasari D A , Suprapto S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nano alumina-supported zinc oxide-copper oxide (ZnO-CuO/γ-Al2O3) solid catalyst that is coded by NZCA, has been successfully synthesized and used to produce biodiesel from Kesambi (Schleichera olesosa l.) oil (KO). The catalyst was synthesized using a combination of precipitation, impregnation, and gel process. Before being used for transesterification of kesambi oil, NZCA catalyst was characterized using the X-ray diffraction (X-RD), Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) methods. The transesterification process was conducted in a glass batch type reactor with refluxed methanol. The effect of loading ZnO (wt.% to alumina), reaction temperature, and amount of catalyst (wt.% to kesambi oil) on the yield of biodiesel were investigated, respectively. The results showed that the catalyst of NZCA was potentially used for transesterification of kesambi oil. The highest biodiesel yield of 89.21% was achieved.
Effect of number of recycling time on physical and mechanical properties of binderless particleboards from jatropha press cake
Authors: Fahma Farah , Kartika Ika Amalia , Yani Mohamad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, the binderless particleboards from jatropha press cake were recycled five times. The effects of number of recycling times on physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards were investigated. This information is important to determine how many times the recycling process is carried out so that the physical and mechanical properties will still meet the standards. The mechanical properties of the produced particleboard (modulus of rupture/MOR and modulus of elasticity/MOE) tended to decrease linearly with the increasing number of recycling process up to the 5th recycle. The produced particleboard had a density of the target of 0.9 g/cm3 with the condition of pressing temperature of 180 °C and the pressing press of 200 kgf/cm2 for 10 min. Thickness swelling, water absorbance, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and internal bonding of the produced particleboard did not meet the standard of Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908. Therefore, the protein which serves as a natural adhesive has not maximally functioned in the binding with the particles of the jatropha press cake.
A prospect to develop Chlorella industry in Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Dahril Tengku , Mulyadi Aras , Eddywan  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A Prospect to develop Chlorella industry has been conducted since 2015 to 2018. The pure chemical and waste water from oil palm industry as culture media of Chlorella sp. were used in this study. Result of this study indicated that pure chemical and palm oil waste water can promote the growth and product of Chlorella sp. The best growth of Chlorella sp. was found at pure chemical with cell density reached 1.6 x 107 cells/ml and biomass reached 1.24 g/l. The high growth of Chlorella sp. in palm oil wastewater was found at concentration of 20 % with cell desity of 6.6 x 106 cells/ml and biomass reached about 0.36 g/l. The concentration of nitrate in pure chemical culture medium was decreased from 15.43 to 1.46 and in palm oil wastewater was decreased from 13.8 mg/l at the beginning to 2.4 mg/l at the end and phosphate was decreased from 45.822. mg/l to 4.98 mg/l at the beginning to 0.17 mg/l at the end of 14 days culture period. Chlorella powder that was produced in pure chemical medium in this study can be used as Chlorella powder in capsule for human being and from palm oil wastewater medium can be used as supplement food for animal husbandry (calves) in Riau Province.
Verification of security measures for smart substations based on visualized simulation
Authors: Bao Wei , Wang Ke , Gao Xiang , Song Jie , Zeng Ping , Zhou Desheng , Zhu Haoyu , Geng Qi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Due to the application of network communication for smart substations, the security measures of secondary equipment become implicit and complicated, which makes it difficult to verify the security measures. This article proposes a strategy for the verification of security measures for smart substations. Firstly, based on SCD, ICD and SPCD, the model for smart substations is constructed. Secondly, a formalized description mechanism for security measures is presented for computer processing. Finally, the security measures are verified through the simulation on MATLAB/Simulink. Through the application of a 220kV smart substation, it proves that the verification scheme is intuitional and effective.
Stochastic Dispatching of Wind Power Considering Errors of Power Prediction
Authors: Shuiyao CHEN , Wenjin CHEN , Xu HE , Bo WANG , Jun ZHANG , Huichao WANG 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the stochastic dispatch problem brought by wind power, the expected model of wind power considering the errors of power prediction is established according to stochastic programming theory. And the calculation steps based on Monte Carlo stochastic simulation and genetic algorithm are proposed. An IEEE 30-bus example with wind farms is given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The result shows that the stochastic dispatch method based expected value model can quantify the uncertainty caused by the prediction error of wind power well and optimize the expected value of wind power accommodation. It plays a positive role in improving dispatching level and promoting wind power accommodation.
Vacancy trapping meachanism of multiple hydrogen/helium atoms in fcc-Fe: A first-principles study
Authors: Zhao Sen , He Bin , Wang Fei , Li Rusong , Niu Libo , Qu Xin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we studied the dissolution and diffusion behaviors of H/He atom in perfect fcc-Fe and vacancy capture multiple H/He atoms meachanism in fcc-Fe. The calculation results show that H/He atom prefers to occupy octahedral site, and they diffused along octahedral site-tetrahedral site-octahedral site in perfect fcc-Fe. Inside vacancy, H atom prefers to occupy octahedral site, while He atom prefers to occupy the vacancy center. The exist of H/He atom would decrease the vacancy formation energy. According to capture energies, a vacancy can trap five H atoms in fcc-Fe, but more He atoms can be accommodated even when the number of He atoms reaches sixteen. Therefore, the result provides an important theoretical basis to research the mechanism of hydrogen and helium embrittlement.
Sensory descriptive analysis of green tea: correlation with chemical components
Authors: Tang Yingman , Yu Xinyu , Zhang Yi , Lu Xuefeng , Liu Qianqian , Jia Yangyang , He Chunlei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Quantitative descriptive analysis was used to determine the taste of 12 Sichuan green tea, and to analyze the correlation between the chemical components and taste attributes of tea infusions. The results showed that there is an interaction between the taste properties of tea, and the main taste attributes were bitterness and astringency, while the related components were catechin and tea polyphenols, and the effects of caffeine were still to be further investigated.
Determination of total dissolved nitrogen in seawater based on Sequential Injection Analysis
Authors: Zhang Y M , Zou Y , Shi Q , Wang Y , Sun Z L , Wang Q , Liu Y 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we established a sequential injection method to monitoring the concentration of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in seawater, which combined with an UV-thermal digestion. The sequential injection method consumes less reagents and less time, mixes more evenly than the flow injection method. TDN detection process mainly includes three parts: the digestion process of conversion organic nitrogen to nitrate, the reduction process of nitrate to nitrite, and the process of reaction between nitrite and chromogenic agent. The UV-thermal digestion that transforms dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) into nitrate has the highest digestion efficiency. The nitrate reduction process with a UV lamp is considered a greener choice which avoids the toxic substance and complicated operation of cadmium column reduction. We analyzed the optimal concentrations of all the reagents used in the experiment with the univariate experimental design. The reaction conditions were optimized by using three kinds of DON, which were C2H5NO2, CH4N2S and C10H14N2Na2O8. Under the optimal reaction conditions, we tested the seawater in the Qingdao Sculpture Garden and the recovery rate of adding standard. In May, the TDN concentration of seawater in Qingdao Sculpture Garden was 122.94μg/L, the relative standard deviation was 0.34%. The recovery rate was as high as 99.94% to 100.39%. The outcomes indicate that the proposed method can apply to the potential in-situ monitor.
Development of deep sea ARV cables physical characteristics
Authors: Peng Chen , Shangkui Yang , Yongzhan Cao , Shuyun Zhu , Yuwang Liu , Zhuang Ge , Shihong Bai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the challenging frontier problem of umbilical cable properties theory, which has been puzzled by this kind of robot for many years but has not been solved yet, this paper proposes an umbilical cable properties modelling method based on Kirchhoff elastic bar theory. This method analyzes the force on the umbilical cable member in the equilibrium state, obtains the Kirchhoff equation of the mobile cable in the equilibrium state, and then establishes the physical characteristics model of the mobile cable, and obtains the form of umbilical cable and the stress on the end point by solving the model. The new modelling theory research on the physical characteristics of deep-sea umbilical cable carried out in this paper is expected to solve the problem of “unclear” problems of deep-sea slender umbilical cable, get rid of the dilemma of “blind man and elephant”, and provide guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of deep-sea robots.
Analysis of the Influence of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on Electricity Demand in China and the United States: based on GTAP-Dyn Model
Authors: Zhang Lili , Wang Xiang , Tang Rui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The GTAP-Dyn model was used to study the impact of the tax cuts and jobs act on the economic structure and electricity demand in China and the United States. According to the main content of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the main products of trade friction, and the major countries participating in the tax cuts, three policy scenarios including US tax reform, trade barriers, and competitive tax cuts were designed. The results show that Countries competing for tax reduction benefit China’s economic growth, industrial structure optimization and electricity intensity enhancement.
Numerical Simulation of Unstable Flow in Cooling Pump of Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Shen Chunhao , Zhang Haoyang , Si Qiaorui , Xia Shuijing , Huang Kaile , Yuan Jianping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cooling pump is an important device to ensure the reliable and stable working of the internal combustion engine. As the size of the structure is limited by space, its internal flow is complex. To explore the internal flow of cooling pump, the numerical simulation of the full flow field of the model pump under different flow conditions is carried out by using the Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) model, and the unstable flow characteristics in the flow-path are analyzed. The results show that the intensity of pressure fluctuation near the tongue is the highest and the flow deterioration is the most serious. Under the condition of small flow rate, the area of flow separation is from the tongue to the outlet, return vortices and rotating stall occur in the impeller flow-path, and the outlet vortices dominate the vibration characteristics of the cooling pump. The lowest non-uniformity coefficient of impeller inlet corresponds to the 0.7Q
d working point in high efficiency area, but the vertical degree of outflow is same, which is close to the ideal flow direction, and the velocity distribution of flow-path section becomes more uniform with the increase of flow rate. The change of flow rate will affect the unstable degree of the inlet flow, thus affecting the flow rate of the working fluid flowing into the impeller. The unstable degree of the inlet is more serious when the cooling pump works under the condition of small flow rate. The research results can provide some theoretical reference for the structural design of cooling pump.
Optimum design of downhole chokes with high sulfur content and large pressure difference
Authors: Huiyun Ma , Yuan Jiang , Qiang Yin , Fangfang Zhang , Shaowei Chen , Yanxin Lv , Guoping Lei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Natural gas resources are abundant in southwest China, but the exploitation environment with high pressure and sulfur always affects the working performance of downhole chokes, which in turn restricts the output of natural gas. In this paper, a high sulfur resistance fixed downhole choke is designed for high temperature (120°C), high production rate and high pressure difference (105MPa) sand-producing Wells. Through the nozzle discharge model to simulate the flow of the fluid through the nozzle, with Bono Maleev method to predict the hydrate formation conditions of downhole choke for the design of the structure. According to the failure forms of different parts, the materials were optimized, and the high sulfur resistant 3YC51 alloy, hard alloy and wear and corrosion resistant sulfur resistant rubber were selected through the test to improve the service life of the choke in the high sulfur high-pressure gas well and ensure the reliability of the tool. The results of numerical analysis on the tool holder and the pressure test of the Laboratory seal show that the choke designed has a good sealing and pressurization performance in the high temperature and high pressure difference environment of 120°C and 105MPa, and it can realize the function of lowering the pressure at the bottom of the well under this working condition, meeting the feasibility requirements. Through this design, the design and improvement of high sulfur gas well tool and new choke has guiding significance.
Numerical study on sealing performance of supercritical carbon dioxide compressor dry gas seal
Authors: Wu Jun , Zhao Xufeng , Zhao Zhenxing , Dai Lu , Lao Xingsheng , Lv Weijian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the serious problem of gap leakage between the stator and rotor of the supercritical carbon dioxide compressor, the dry gas seal scheme for centrifugal compressor of small S-CO2 power system is designed in this paper. The sealing characteristics of the single-stage spiral groove dry gas seal in the S-CO2 operating environment are studied by the large-scale commercial CFD numerical analysis software ANSYS CFX. The leakage characteristics of the S-CO2 dry gas seal at different film thicknesses are obtained. The results show that the S-CO2 dry gas seal leakage flow rate increases linearly with the increase of the film thickness. The dry gas seal leakage flow rate under different film thickness is 0.04%∼0.45% of the S-CO2 compressor flow rate, which can meet the leakage requirements of the centrifugal compressor shaft end seal in the small S-CO2 power system.
Key technologies and development trends of intelligent manufacturing and robot application
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Ren Guoqiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the overall development status of artificial intelligence in China is relatively good, and it has received extensive attention and attention from people from all walks of life.In particular, reviewing the history of the entire smart manufacturing industry, China’s overall development in this field is very fast, but there are still many aspects that need to be reformed and innovated.Therefore, this paper analyzes the key technologies of intelligent manufacturing and robot application, and predicts its future development trend, which is of substantial significance to the future sustainable development of the industry.
UAV-based Regional Environmental Monitoring IoT System
Authors: Yang Ni , Li Bin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The UAV regional environmental monitoring system has the characteristics of various functions and simple operation. Relevant staff can ensure effective monitoring of regional temperature and humidity by means of specific mobile networks and flight control of drones. Based on past work experience, this paper summarizes the content of program demonstration and system design, and discusses the software flow design of regional environmental monitoring IoT system from five aspects: process design review, overall structure, topology diagram module, information query display module and system test.