bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending the Genotype inBrachypodiumby Including DNA Methylation Reveals a Joint Contribution with Genetics on Adaptive Traits
Authors: Eichten Steven R , Srivastava Akanksha , Reddiex Adam J , Ganguly Diep R , Heussler Alison , Streich Jared C , Wilson Pip B , Borevitz Justin O 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEpigenomic changes have been considered a potential missing link underlying phenotypic variation in quantitative traits but is potentially confounded with the underlying DNA sequence variation. Although the concept of epigenetic inheritance has been discussed in depth, there have been few studies attempting to directly dissect the amount of epigenomic variation within inbred natural populations while also accounting for genetic diversity. By using known genetic relationships between Brachypodium lines, multiple sets of nearly identical accession families were selected for phenotypic studies and DNA methylome profiling to investigate the dual role of (epi)genetics under simulated natural seasonal climate conditions. Despite reduced genetic diversity, appreciable phenotypic variation was still observable in the measured traits (height, leaf width and length, tiller count, flowering time, ear count) between as well as within the inbred accessions. However, with reduced genetic diversity there was diminished variation in DNA methylation within families. Mixed-effects linear modeling revealed large genetic differences between families and a minor contribution of DNA methylation variation on phenotypic variation in select traits. Taken together, this analysis suggests a limited but significant contribution of DNA methylation toward heritable phenotypic variation relative to genetic differences.
Alcohol Causes Lasting Differential Transcription inDrosophilaMushroom Body Neurons
Authors: Petruccelli Emily , Brown Tariq , Waterman Amanda , Ledru Nicolas , Kaun Karla R 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCues associated with intoxication can elicit cravings for alcohol, leading to increased consumption and relapse in people recovering from alcohol use disorder. Petruccelli et al. employed genetic tools in...Repeated alcohol experiences can produce long-lasting memories for sensory cues associated with intoxication. These memories can problematically trigger relapse in individuals recovering from alcohol use disorder (AUD). The molecular mechanisms by which ethanol changes memories to become long-lasting and inflexible remain unclear. New methods to analyze gene expression within precise neuronal cell types can provide further insight toward AUD prevention and treatment. Here, we used genetic tools in Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the lasting consequences of ethanol on transcription in memory-encoding neurons. Drosophila rely on mushroom body (MB) neurons to make associative memories, including memories of ethanol-associated sensory cues. Differential expression analyses revealed that distinct transcripts, but not genes, in the MB were associated with experiencing ethanol alone compared to forming a memory of an odor cue associated with ethanol. Adult MB-specific knockdown of spliceosome-associated proteins demonstrated the necessity of RNA-processing in ethanol memory formation. These findings highlight the dynamic, context-specific regulation of transcription in cue-encoding neurons, and the lasting effect of ethanol on transcript usage during memory formation.
Defining Risk and the Use of Risk Assessments by Learning Specialists within NCAA Academic Units
Authors: Birch Lauren , Steinberg Mary Anne , Walther Cheryl , Catanach Kellie A. , Herbst Maria , Perez Jacqueline C. 
Published: March 2020

The National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA (2009) defines the term “risk” as a “student-athlete’s likelihood of graduation”. The ability of athletic departments and athletic academic professionals to identify which of their student-athletes might be considered at risk is less straightforward. While many departments use their own tools to assess risk, there has been little research on the subject. This exploratory study sought to generate a collective understanding of how athletic academic units across the country define the term “at-risk” and assess which of their student-athletes are at-risk in order to begin creating a framework for use across the industry. A survey was completed by 43 member of the National Association of Academic and Student-Athlete Development Professionals (N4A) who serve in learning specialist roles, within athletic academic units. The results showed that academic units, across NCAA institutions, do not have one clear definition of risk, but rather the definition falls into four distinct categories. The study also found that there are three initial risk assessments used most frequently to determine student-athletes’ risk upon arrival at the institution, while the continued risk assessments fall into six distinct categories of assessments. As this is an exploratory study, the researchers acknowledge that we are only scratching the surface in regards to the breadth` and depth of assessment usage to determine risk of student-athletes at NCAA institutions. Therefore, the implications for future research are discussed.

Keywords: Risk, assessment, initial assessment, continued assessment
KEYNOTE-032: A Randomized Phase I Study of Pembrolizumab in Chinese Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ma Yuxiang , Fang Wenfeng , Zhang Yang , Yang Yunpeng , Hong Shaodong , Zhao Yuanyuan , Xie Shuang , Ge Jun , Zhou HaoJin , Zhao Hongyun , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Trial Information
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Lessons Learned
Results of the KEYNOTE-032 study showed that the safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of pembrolizumab in Chinese patients were comparable with those observed in international studies, and antitumor activity was encouraging. These data support further evaluation of pembrolizumab to improve clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background
The KEYNOTE-032 study evaluated pembrolizumab pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and prior treatment failure and/or ineligibility for standard therapy.

Methods
Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 200 mg every 3 weeks (up to 35 cycles). Safety and pharmacokinetics were primary endpoints; antitumor activity was a secondary endpoint.

Results
A total of 42 of 44 randomized patients received pembrolizumab treatment (2 mg/kg, n = 14; 10 mg/kg, n = 13; 200 mg, n = 15). Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 29 of 42 (69%) patients (grade 3–4, 4/42 [10%]); 5 (12%) had immune-mediated AEs and infusion reactions. Pembrolizumab single dose half-life following 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 200 mg was 15.1, 15.8, and 12.3 days, respectively. Serum exposure at the doses studied (range, 2–10 mg/kg) was approximately linear; steady-state area under the curve0–21 days (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 730.9 (627.4–851.6), 2,819.2 (2,009.4–3,955.4), and 931.0 (724.4–1,196.6) μg•day/mL, respectively. After 7.9 (range, 0.7–13.1) months median follow-up overall, objective response rate was 14.3% (95% CI, 5.4%–28.5%); median progression-free survival was 2.1 (95% CI, 2.1–4.2) months, and median overall survival was not reached (95% CI, 6.6 months–not reached).

Conclusion
Pembrolizumab had manageable toxicity, linear serum exposure, and encouraging antitumor activity in Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC.
A “scattered” SCAT in a football goalkeeper: a case report
Authors: Bosch Saskia , Viviers Pierre , Derman Wayne , De Villiers Richard 
Published: March 2020

Background: In an acute field-side setting, it is often challenging to differentiate benign sports-related concussion (SRC) from potential, more sinister, intracranial pathology. Moreover, recovery in the ensuing days and weeks is often complex as the resolution of classical signs and symptoms does not always follow a standard pattern.
Aim: To highlight the value of a structured and repeated thorough clinical assessment approach toward SRC, particularly as atypical and unexpected sequences in patient recovery patterns may require further specialist referral and intervention.
Findings: A football goalkeeper sustained a concussion in which symptoms failed to resolve as expected. Deterioration in his clinical condition led to an eventual diagnosis of Chiari malformation (type I), which required surgical intervention.Implications: Non-typical recovery patterns of concussion may be indicative of increased severity when considered retrospectively. However, clinicians should not discount the possibility of underlying conditions.
Keywords: concussion, soccer, sports-related head injury
Prawoznawstwo — polityczność nauki czy nauka polityczności?
Authors: Zajadło Jerzy 
Published: March 2020

JURISPRUDENCE — THE POLITICAL OF SCIENCE OR SCIENCE OF THE POLITICAL?Considering the main subject of XXII Congress of the Chairs of Theory and Philosophy of Law the author tries to answer the following question: “Jurisprudence — the political of science or science of the political?”. His answer is clear — we need the latter and not the former. In the article the concepts of „politics”, „political” and „politization” are treated synonymously.The problem is presented on the background of Carl Schmitt’s political philosophy. In the author’s opinion after 1933 Schmitt has balanced between these two attitudes the political of science or science of the political because of his methodology political theology on the one hand, and of his personal choice support for Nazi regime on the other.In the last part of the article are formulated some conclusions — learned from Schmitt’s lesson and concerning the constitutional crisis in Poland.
Stáří jako zrcadlo zmařených iluzí v próze Karla Václava Raise „Když se připozdívá”
Authors: Urválková Zuzana 
Published: March 2020

The age as the mirror of thwarted illusionsin Karel Václav Raisʼs novel Když se připozdíváThe study deals with the way old age is captured in the prose of K.V. Rais Když se připozdívá [When Itʼs Getting Late]. In the short story, K.V. Rais shows what role illusions about life in the city, the love of children for their parents and village life in general play in the protagonists’ lives and what happens to these illusions when the characters get old. Against the background of confrontation of these illusions with reality, the core values of Biedermeier harmonious family life, respect for old age, love of home, living according to Christian principles, etc., rendered untenable and impracticable in Rais’s short story, come to the forefront. In the opinion of the author of the study, this narrative strategy forms the basis of Rais’s critical realism.­Starość jako zwierciadło rozwianych iluzji w prozie Karla Václava Raisa Když se připozdíváRozważania dotyczą sposobu przedstawienia starości w prozie K.V. Raisa Když se připoz­dívá. Rais w swym opowiadaniu pokazuje, jaką rolę odgrywają w życiu bohaterów ich iluzje o pobycie w wielkim mieście, o miłości dzieci do rodziców i o życiu na wsi w ogóle oraz to, co się z tymi iluzjami dzieje, kiedy postacie zestarzeją się. Na tle konfrontacji rzeczywistości z iluzjami widoczne są najbardziej kluczowe wartości biedermeieru harmonijne życie rodzinne, szacunek dla starości, miłość do domu, życie według zasad chrześcijańskich itp., które w opowiadaniu Raisa okazują się trudne do utrzymania i niewykonalne. Ta strategia narracyjna stanowi według autorki podstawę realizmu krytycznego Raisa.
„Пришли годы, в которых нет мне больше удовольствия…” концепт „старость” в хронике Николая Лескова „Захудалый род” и романе Юзефа Игнация Крашевского „Графиня Козель”
Authors: Szełajewa Ałła 
Published: March 2020

‘‘And the years have come when there’s no more pleasure for me…” the concept of ‘‘old age” in the chronicle The Zahudaly Rod by Leskov and the novel The Contess Cosel by KrashevskyIn this article the problem of the concept ‘‘old age” in the chronicle is considered. Having been one of the constants of the world culture, the concept ‘‘old age” is related to the empirical or posterior concepts. In fiction literature and art it receives some varied expression, dictated by the peculiarities of ahistorical epoch and its cultural traditions.From this point of view, acertain interest is given by the interpretation of old age as the period of the crisis of the age of personality identification in the chronicles The Zahudaly Rod by N.S. Leskov.In the last conceptually important chapter, which is appeared as the result of the influence of the novel The Contess Cosel by Krashevsky, the main structural element is the comparison of two old women characters, Princess Barbara Protozanov and Contess Cosel. Their premature social death is caused by their attempt to build their everyday life accordingly with their religious consciousness and realizing of their moral values.„Przyszły lata, z których nie mam już zadowolenia…” koncept „starość” w kronice Nikołaja Leskowa Podupadły ród i powieści Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego Hrabina CoselW artykule rozpatrywany jest problem koncepcji „starości” w powieściach Leskowa Podupadły ród 1873 i Kraszewskiego Hrabina Cosel 1874. Koncepcja „starości” związana jest z pojęciami empirycznymi i aposteriorycznymi. W sztuce iliteraturze pięknej jest wyrażona w różnych formach, uwarunkowanych charakterem epoki historycznej, jej tradycjami kulturowymi i filozoficzno-religijnymi podstawami bytu. Z tego punktu widzenia interesująca okazuje się interpretacja starości jako okresu związanego z wiekiem kryzysu identyfikacji jednostki, zawarta w Podupadłym rodzie. Ideowo ważny ostatni rozdział powieści powstał pod wpływem książki J. Kraszewskiego Hrabina Cosel, a głównym elementem jego struktury jest porównanie dwóch postaci starszych kobiet — księżnej Warwary Protozanowej i hrabiny Cosel. W przypadku obu bohaterek próba życia zgodnie z zasadami religii i wyznawanymi wartościami kończy się przedwczesną społeczną śmiercią.
Слово и предложение в свете теории речемыслительной деятельности
Authors: Alefirenko Nikolay 
Published: March 2020

The word and the sentence in terms of the theory of linguistic and cognitive activitiesThe word and the sentence are the basic units of the language system and they are considered from the point of view of their linguocognitive activities, which essence is revealed in a humanistic triad of “objective reality — the interpreter — the language.” Linguocognitive human activity originates from the integral of the discursive structure of the speech act. According to N.M. Bakhtin, the process of speech act is not stringing words together but filling the positions of generalized patterns of judgments. In this regard, the primary unit of speech act is not the word one nomination and the sentence unit of communication, since there is a need in the nominative-significant act only in communication. The primariness of the sentence is determined by the fact that it detects the reflected entity an event, “drama in miniature” in discursive consciousness of the communicant. The word is the expression of concepts elements of discourse — semantic embryos generated in the process of discursive interpretation of the events.Слово і речення у світлі теорії лінгвокогнітивної діяльностіСлово і речення як головні одиниці мовної системи розглядаються з погляду їх стату­су в лінгвокогнітивній діяльності, суть якої розкриває антропоцентрична тріада «обʼєктивна дійсність — інтерпретатор — мова». Лінгвокогнітивна діяльність людини виходить з цілісної дискурсивної структури породжуваного висловлювання. Це означає, як і передбачав свого часу М.М. Бахтін, що процес породження висловлювань – не нанизування слів, а заповнення позицій загальної схеми судження. Згідно з цим первинною одиницею мовленнєвої діяльно­сті виступає не слово одиниця номінації, а речення одиниця спілкування, оскільки лише в комунікації виникає необхідність в номінативно-сигніфікативному акті. Первинність речен­ня зумовлюється тим, що воно фіксує відображений в дискурсивній свідомості комуніканта цілісний об’єкт подію, «драму в мініатюрі». Слово ж служить засобом вираження концептів елементів дискурсу — смислових ембріонів, сформованих у процесі інтерпретації дискур­сивної події.
Od emblematycznej alegorii do symbolicznej hypotypozy — z przemian obrazowania śmierci w liryce czeskiej końca XIX wieku
Authors: Gwóźdź-Szewczenko Ilona 
Published: March 2020

From emblematic allegory to symbolic hypotyposis: On the changes of depicting death in Czech poetry at the close of the 19th centuryThe paper is devoted to the analysis of depictions of death in Czech poetry created at the end of the 19th century. The author starts her deliberations from the poetry of the 1890s which was created in the spirit of realism. Then, she moves on to the deliberations about modernist poetry which — in this paper — is not considered as a homogenous whole. Starting from decadence, chronologically the earliest, through impressionism to mature modernism manifesting itself in symbolism, the author analyses the manners of depicting death and the figures of speech, pointing to the transition of portraying death from the emblematic and allegoric images of death to the symbolic hypotyposis. The author stresses the deconstruction of the traditional topos in modernism. This deconstruction involved a lack of references to an established set of images and thus to this linguistic ritual which had been active for ages. The Grim Reaper with a scythe could no longer be a simple symbol of death. In the times of modernism, poetry finally freed itself from those types of allegoric depictions. The deconstruction of the topos in its basic frameworks and in the most traditional ritualised formula forced poets to look for their individual languages, to create symbols which would not repeat the conventionalised allegories. Od emblematické alegorie k symbolické hypotypóze — proměny zobrazovánί smrti v české lyrice na sklonu 19. stoletíČlánek je věnován analýze zobrazování smrti v české poezii na sklonku 19. století. Autorka své úvahy otevírá poezií 80. let, která vznikala v duchu realismu, a následně přechází k pojednání o modernistické poezii, jíž však nevnímá jako monolitickou. Autorka chronologicky od nejranější dekadence, přes impresionismus až ke zralé moderně vyjadřující se symbolisticky analyzuje způsoby prezentace smrti a slovní figury poukazující na přechod od emblematicko-alegorických obrazů smrti k symbolickým hypotypózám v zobrazování smrti. Autorka ukazuje rozpad tradiční topiky v moderně, což s sebou nese skutečnost, že se básníci neodvolávají na ustálený soubor obrazů, tedy k takovému jazykovému uchopení, jež bylo po staletí živé. Smrtka s kosou již nemohla představovat jednoduchý symbol smrti. V době modernismu se poezie osvobozuje od tohoto druhu alegorických obrazů. Rozpad topiky v jejich základních rysech a jejích nejtradičnějších a ritualizovaných postav vybízel básníky k hledání individuálního jazyka, k vytváření takových symbolů, které nenásledovaly konvenční alegorii.
Chorwacki przyimek prema w domenie przestrzeni fizycznej i jego polskie ekwiwalenty tłumaczeniowe
Authors: Daković Sybilla 
Published: March 2020

Croatian preposition prema in the spatial domain and its Polish translation equivalentsThis paper is an attempt to determine Polish translation equivalents of the Croatian preposition prema towards in the spatial domain. The corpus has been collected from pieces of modern Croatian prose translated into Polish. We enumerate Polish equivalents and focus on the most frequent: w stronę + gen., do + gen., na + acc. and ku + dat., by analyzing usage context of prepositions. Hrvatski prijedlog prema u domeni fizičkog prostora i njihovi poljski prijevodni ekvivalentiČlanak je pokušaj utvrđivanja poljskih prijevodnih ekvivalenata hrvatskog prijedloga prema u domeni fizičkog prostora. Materijal se osniva na paralelnom korpusu koji se sastoji od hrvatskih suvremenih književnih djela i njihovih poljskih prijevoda. U slučaju najučestalijih ekvivalenata: w stronę + gen., do + gen., na + acc. i ku + dat. dodatno se određuje konkurentnost kroz istraživanje njihova značenja i konteksta uporabe.
Синтагматические особенности функционирования русских экспрессивных языковых единиц на материале лексики с положительной эмоциональной оценкой
Authors: Zaynuldinov Andrey 
Published: March 2020

Syntagmatic features of the functioning of Russian expressive linguistic units on the basis of a vocabulary with a positive emotional evaluationProceeding from the opposition of the function of identification and the function of predication, it is advisable to consider the syntagmatic features of the use of a vocabulary with a positive emotional evaluation in the most typical positions of vocative and predicate.As a result of the analysis of linguistic material, a conclusion has been made about the difference in the typology of lexical units expressing approval and admiration, which do not undergo semantic changes in the vocative position for the given words, the vocative position is not systemic, determining: орёл oriol eagle, соловей solovej nightingale, мастер master master, and the typologies of lexical units conveying an affectionate and friendly attitude that in the attitude ofthe expression communicates the properly-valued semantics in the eventual deactivation of the nominative components of the value the vocative position is systemic, basic: лапушка lapushka [little paw], ягодка jagodka [berry], сынок synok [little son], дружище druzhishe [friend, pal], etc.. Syntagmatyczne właściwości funkcjonowania rosyjskich ekspresyjnych jednostek językowych na materiale leksyki pozytywnie nacechowanej emocjonalniePrzy wychodzeniu od opozycji funkcji identyfikacji i funkcji predykacji celowe jest rozpatrzenie syntagmatycznych właściwości użycia leksyki z pozytywną oceną emocjonalną w najbardziej typowych dla nich pozycjach zwracania się i predykatu.W wyniku analizy materiału językowego został sformułowany wniosek o rozbieżności typologii jednostek językowych wyrażających akceptację i zachwyt, które w funkcji adresatywnej nie ulegają zmianom semantycznym dla danych wyrazów sytuacja zwrotu nie jest pozycją systemową, określającą: орел, соловей, мастер i typologii jednostek leksykalnych wyrażających serdeczny i przyjacielski stosunek, które w pozycji adresatywnej wyrażają znaczenie wartościujące przy jednoczesnej dezaktualizacji nominatywnych komponentów znaczeniowych pozycja zwracania się jest tu systemowa, fundamentalna: лапушка, ягодка, сынок, дружище itp..
Von Hexen und Zauberinnen in den frühneuzeitlichen Grünberger Hexenverhörprotokollen 1663–1665
Authors: Dąbrowska-Burkhardt Jarochna 
Published: March 2020

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der lexikalischen Ebene der Hexenverhörprotokolle aus dem 17. Jahrhundert, die aus Grünberg in Niederschlesien, dem heutigen Zielona Góra Polen stammen. Der Untersuchungsschwerpunkt liegt auf den miteinander konkurrierenden Wortbildungen auf hex- und zauber-, die im analysierten Schriftstück parallel auftreten und deren Verwendung sich oft sogar überlappt. Es handelt sich dabei sowohl um Bezeichnungen des beschriebenen Schadenzaubers als auch um die Benennung von Personen, die eines solchen Delikts bezichtigt werden. Die Analyse zeigt an konkreten Beispielen auf, bei welchen Bildungen das Stammmorphem hex- und in welchen das Stammmorphem zauber- dominieren.About witches and sorceresses in the early modernwitchcraft trial records from Grünberg in Lower Silesia 1663–1665This paper is a systematic linguistic analysis at the lexical level of 17th century witch trial protocols from Grünberg in Lower Silesia, today Zielona Góra in Poland. The focus of this investigation is the analysis of word formations with the word stems hex- and zauber-. Both formations occur in parallel and their usage frequently even overlaps. The aim of this paper is both the analysis of the denominations of wizardry crime as well as the designations of people who were accused of such crimes. The analysis presents in which word formations and contexts the word stems hex- and zauber- dominate.