bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifetime History of Traumatic Brain Injury With Loss of Consciousness and the Likelihood for Lifetime Depression and Risk Behaviors: 2017 BRFSS North Carolina
Authors: Waltzman Dana , Daugherty Jill , Sarmiento Kelly , Proescholdbell Scott 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Because of the growing concern about the potential effects of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) on a child's developing brain and the potential impact of lifetime depression and risk behaviors associated with TBI, further exploration is warranted.

Setting and Participants:
Data (N = 4917) from the 2017 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Main Measures:
Examine whether a lifetime history of TBI with loss of consciousness (LOC) or having a history of TBI with LOC prior to 18 years of age was associated with a greater likelihood of lifetime depression, current binge drinking, and current cigarette and e-cigarette smoking.

Results:
Respondents with a history of TBI with LOC had 2.1 (95% CI, 1.6-2.8) times higher odds of lifetime depression and 1.7 to 1.8 (95% CI, 1.02-2.97) times higher odds of all risk behaviors than those without a lifetime history of TBI with LOC. There were no statistical differences between age of first TBI with LOC and lifetime depression, binge drinking, cigarette smoking, and e-cigarette use after controlling for key demographics.

Conclusion:
These findings underscore the importance of increasing awareness among healthcare providers of the prevalence of lifetime depression and risk behaviors among individuals with a history of TBI and the need for improved screening and referrals to evidence-based services.
Use of Corneas From Septic Donors for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Vasiliauskaitė Indrė , de Jong Maloeke , Quilendrino Ruth , van der Wees Jacqueline , Oellerich Silke , Melles Gerrit R. J. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the suitability of corneas from septic donors for transplantation by analyzing the discard rate in the eye bank and the clinical outcome of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) using organ-cultured corneal grafts from septic versus nonseptic donors.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 1554 corneas of which 456 corneas (29%) were from septic and 1072 corneas (69%) from nonseptic donors [for 26 corneas (2%) sepsis status was unknown]. The clinical outcome at 6 months after DMEK was evaluated for 82 grafts (26 from septic and 56 from nonseptic donors). Outcome measures were endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness, and postoperative complications.

Results:
Primary discard rates were higher for corneas from septic than from nonseptic donors (32.9% vs. 24.5%, P = 0.001). The main discard reason was poor endothelial cell quality for both septic (13.8%) and nonseptic (11.8%) donor corneas. Eye bank contamination rates for septic and nonseptic donor corneas were 1.1% and 1.7%, respectively (P = 0.102). After DMEK, donor endothelial cell density at 6m postoperatively was comparable between grafts from septic and nonseptic donors (1410 ± 422 cells/mm2 vs. 1590 ± 519 cells/mm2, P = 0.140). No differences in 6m central corneal thickness and in the rebubbling rate were observed between the 2 groups (P = 0.780 and P = 0.396, respectively). None of the cases had graft rejection nor endophthalmitis in both groups.

Conclusions:
Provided strict adherence to donor screening and evaluation protocols, the use of organ-cultured corneas from septic donors for DMEK does not seem to increase the risk for recipients and allows for expansion of the donor pool for corneal tissue.
Ex Vivo Safety and Efficacy of Paired Peripheral Incisions in Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Grafts to Facilitate Unscrolling
Authors: de la Presa Martin , Bedard Peter , Justin Jeff J. , Hansen Mark S. , Hou Joshua H. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the ex vivo safety and efficacy of using paired peripheral incisions to achieve a triple scroll conformation that facilitates unscrolling in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:
The safety of adding paired peripheral incisions to DMEK grafts was evaluated by assessing endothelial cell loss (ECL) and risk of tearing. ECL was measured using calcein-AM staining after incisions. The risk of tearing was evaluated by comparing incision lengths before and after simulated DMEK surgery using cadaveric eyes. Efficacy was evaluated by comparing the scrolling pattern and the width of grafts with different incision lengths (0.0 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1.0 mm). Surgical unscrolling times in simulated DMEK surgery by a novice DMEK surgeon were evaluated to determine whether incisions facilitate unscrolling in DMEK surgery.

Results:
The mean ECL after adding incisions was 0.78% ± 0.23%. There was no significant change in incision length after simulated DMEK surgery (P = 0.6). In donor grafts aged less than or equal to 65 years, 60% (6/10) achieved a stable triple scroll with 0.5 mm incisions and 80% (8/10) achieved a stable triple scroll with 1.0 mm incisions. In donor grafts aged greater than 65 years, 0% (0/4) achieved a stable triple scroll. Mean graft width increased significantly after forming a triple scroll (5575 μm ± 1128 μm) compared with baseline (1563 μm ± 428 μm) (P < 0.001). In the hands of a novice DMEK surgeon, the mean unscrolling time was significantly shorter with incisions (2.61 min ± 1.41 min) versus without incisions (5.44 min ± 3.17 min) (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Paired peripheral incisions are safe and effective for inducing a triple scroll in DMEK grafts with donor age less than or equal to 65 years. Adding incisions may facilitate unscrolling for inexperienced DMEK surgeons.
Early changes in brain network topology and activation of affective pathways predict persistent pain in the rat
Authors: Sperry Megan M. , Granquist Eric J. , Winkelstein Beth A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Adaptations in brain communication are associated with multiple pain disorders and are hypothesized to promote the transition from acute to chronic pain. Despite known increases in brain synaptic activity, it is unknown if and how changes in pathways and networks contribute to persistent pain. A tunable rat model that induces transient or persistent temporomandibular joint pain was used to characterize brain network and subcircuit changes when sensitivity is detected in both transient and persistent pain groups and later when sensitivity is present only for the persistent pain group. Brain activity was measured by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography imaging and used to construct intersubject correlation networks; network connectivity distributions, diagnostics, and community structure were assessed. Activation of subcircuits was tested by structural equation modeling. Findings reveal differences in the brain networks at day 7 between the persistent and transient pain groups, a time when peripheral sensitivity is detected in both groups, but spontaneous pain occurs only in the persistent pain group. At day 7, increased (P ≤ 0.01) clustering, node strength, network segregation, and activation of prefrontal-limbic pathways are observed only in the group that develops persistent pain. Later, increased clustering and node strength are more pronounced with persistent pain, particularly within the limbic system, and decrease when pain resolves. Pretreatment with intra-articular etanercept to attenuate pain confirms that these adaptations are associated with pain onset. Results suggest that early and sustained brain changes can differentiate persistent and transient pain, implying they could be useful as prognostic biomarkers for persistent pain and in identifying therapeutic targets.
Nociceptor-localized cGMP-dependent protein kinase I is a critical generator for central sensitization and neuropathic pain
Authors: Wang Fei , Ma Sui-Bin , Tian Zhi-Cheng , Cui Ya-Ting , Cong Xiang-Yu , Wu Wen-Bin , Wang Fu-Dong , Li Zhen-Zhen , Han Wen-Juan , Wang Tao-Zhi , Sun Zhi-Chuan , Zhang Fan-Liang , Xie Rou-Gang , Wu Sheng-Xi , Luo Ceng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Patients with neuropathic pain often experience exaggerated pain and anxiety. Central sensitization has been linked with the maintenance of neuropathic pain and may become an autonomous pain generator. Conversely, emerging evidence accumulated that central sensitization is initiated and maintained by ongoing nociceptive primary afferent inputs. However, it remains elusive what mechanisms underlie this phenomenon and which peripheral candidate contributes to central sensitization that accounts for pain hypersensitivity and pain-related anxiety. Previous studies have implicated peripherally localized cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (PKG-I) in plasticity of nociceptors and spinal synaptic transmission as well as inflammatory hyperalgesia. However, whether peripheral PKG-I contributes to cortical plasticity and hence maintains nerve injury–induced pain hypersensitivity and anxiety is unknown. Here, we demonstrated significant upregulation of PKG-I in ipsilateral L3 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), no change in L4 DRG, and downregulation in L5 DRG upon spared nerve injury. Genetic ablation of PKG-I specifically in nociceptors or post-treatment with intervertebral foramen injection of PKG-I antagonist, KT5823, attenuated the development and maintenance of spared nerve injury–induced bilateral pain hypersensitivity and anxiety. Mechanistic analysis revealed that activation of PKG-I in nociceptors is responsible for synaptic potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex upon peripheral neuropathy through presynaptic mechanisms involving brain-derived neurotropic factor signaling. Our results revealed that PKG-I expressed in nociceptors is a key determinant for cingulate synaptic plasticity after nerve injury, which contributes to the maintenance of pain hypersensitivity and anxiety. Thereby, this study presents a strong basis for opening up a novel therapeutic target, PKG-I, in nociceptors for treatment of comorbidity of neuropathic pain and anxiety with least side effects.
Tapentadol vs oxycodone for postoperative pain treatment the first 7 days after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rian Torbjørn , Skogvoll Eirik , Hofstad Janne , Høvik Lise , Winther Siri B. , Husby Vigdis Schnell , Klaksvik Jomar , Egeberg Tarjei , Sand Kari , Klepstad Pål , Wik Tina Strømdal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Pain after total knee arthroplasty is a prevalent condition. This study compared the effectiveness of tapentadol extended-release (ER) 50 mg × 2, oxycodone controlled-release (CR) 10 mg × 2, and placebo, as added to a multimodal analgesic regime both in-hospital and at home the first week after total knee arthroplasty. The study was randomized and blinded for investigators, staff, outcome assessors, and patients. Follow-up included pain intensity on mobilization, pain at rest, worst pain in the previous 24 hours, and adverse effects measured on 0 to 10 numerical rating scales. A total of 134 patients in 3 study groups received their allocated intervention and were included in the analysis. The primary outcome pain on mobilization the 7 first postoperative days reported as area under the curve was 528.1 (SD 267.5, interquartile range (IQR) 356.6-665.4) for placebo, 427.2 (SD 203.9, IQR 303.6-544.3) for tapentadol ER, and 507.9 (SD 243.7, IQR 292.4-686.8) for oxycodone CR (P = 0.12). With the exception of constipation being less prevalent in the tapentadol ER group (P = 0.02), we found no significant differences between treatment groups for the secondary outcomes. Tapentadol ER as an add-on to multimodal analgesia did not significantly improve pain relief when compared to oxycodone CR or placebo. Constipation was lowest in the tapentadol ER group.
The role of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 in neuropathic pain
Authors: Gomez Kimberly , Vallecillo Tissiana G.M. , Moutal Aubin , Perez-Miller Samantha , Delgado-Lezama Rodolfo , Felix Ricardo , Khanna Rajesh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The chronification of pain can be attributed to changes in membrane receptors and channels underlying neuronal plasticity and signal transduction largely within nociceptive neurons that initiate and maintain pathological pain states. These proteins are subject to dynamic modification by posttranslational modifications, creating a code that controls protein function in time and space. Phosphorylation is an important posttranslational modification that affects ∼30% of proteins in vivo. Increased phosphorylation of various nociceptive ion channels and of their modulators underlies sensitization of different pain states. Cyclin-dependent kinases are proline-directed serine/threonine kinases that impact various biological and cellular systems. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), one member of this kinase family, and its activators p35 and p39 are expressed in spinal nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In neuropathic pain conditions, expression and/or activity of Cdk5 is increased, implicating Cdk5 in nociception. Experimental evidence suggests that Cdk5 is regulated through its own phosphorylation, through increasing p35's interaction with Cdk5, and through cleavage of p35 into p25. This narrative review discusses the molecular mechanisms of Cdk5-mediated regulation of target proteins involved in neuropathic pain. We focus on Cdk5 substrates that have been linked to nociceptive pathways, including channels (eg, transient receptor potential cation channel and voltage-gated calcium channel), proteins involved in neurotransmitter release (eg, synaptophysin and collapsin response mediator protein 2), and receptors (eg, glutamate, purinergic, and opioid). By altering the phosphoregulatory “set point” of proteins involved in pain signaling, Cdk5 thus appears to be an attractive target for treating neuropathic pain conditions.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Arabic Version of the Self-care of Hypertension Inventory Scale Among Older Adults
Authors: Alsaqer Khitam , Bebis Hatice 
Published: August 2020

Background
Self-care is considered as the best method of blood pressure control. Because the prevalence of hypertension in Arab countries is high and continuously increasing through the years, more attention is needed to evaluate patients' self-care for hypertension, to enable further studies to develop the appropriate intervention. The Self-care of Hypertension Inventory (SC-HI) is a scale that has been developed to measure the maintenance, monitoring, and management of a person with hypertension.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the SC-HI scale among older adults.

Methods
A cross-cultural adaptation process was used, where structural validity was assessed through factor analysis and interobserver agreement using Cohen κ. The reliability of internal consistency was determined through Cronbach's α and scale item correlation. Test-retest examined the interclass correlation and was tested by paired t test.

Results
The mean age of our sample is 63 ± 7.8 years, and most were educated (illiterate patients, 14%). Some modification was done for the scale items. Item-level content validity index ranged between 0.85 and 1, and average scale-level content validity was 0.96. Interobserver adjustment showed high agreement. Cronbach's α was 0.89. Test-retest reliability showed no differences (t = −0.298, P = 0,767), and interclass correlation was 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.078–0.90; P < .01). Factor analysis extracted 2, 3, and 1 signal factors for maintenance, management, and confidence subscales, respectively.

Conclusion
The adapted Arabic version of SC-HI scale is shown to be valid and reliable among older adults. Further studies are need for further reliability analyses among large groups from various Arab countries.
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and High-Density Lipoproteins in Overweight or Obese Individuals
Authors: Arnotti Karla , Bamber Mandy 
Published: August 2020

Background
Overweight and obesity are associated with low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The occurrence of cardiovascular disease is strongly predicted by HDL. Increased HDL reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Increased fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) has been proposed to increase HDL in overweight and obesity; however, research outcomes are inconclusive on the effects of FVC on HDL in this population.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of weight loss FVC interventions on HDL in overweight or obese individuals.

Methods
We conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to analyze the results of 6 primary studies. Secondarily, we conducted moderator analyses to explore the effects based on participants, methods, intervention, and source characteristics.

Results
We found a small standardized mean difference of FVC on HDL (d = 0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.06–0.29; z = 3.04, P < .01), minimal heterogeneity (Q = 6.10, P = .30, I
2 = 18.05%), and possible publication bias. Moderator analyses indicated that masking of data collectors (Z = 3.73, P = .05) and intention-to-treat analysis (Z = 3.73, P = .05) significantly moderated the overall summary effect. Given that only 1 research team reported masking and intention to treat, these results should be interpreted with caution.

Conclusions
There was a small increase in HDL across studies (d = 0.18) in overweight and obese individuals. The effect size may be limited because of the small number of studies included in this meta-analysis. Nonetheless, obese and overweight individuals should be encouraged to increase their FVC to improve HDL and lower cardiovascular risk factors.
No Observed Effect Level (NOEL) for Systemic Inflammation by Copper and Zinc in Welding Fumes
Authors: Brand Peter , Beilmann Viktor , Krichel Thomas , Merizian Johanna , Schmidt Katrin , Kraus Thomas , Krabbe Julia 
Published: August 2020

Copper and zinc containing welding fumes are able to induce systemic inflammation in healthy subjects. In this study the no observed effect levels (NOEL) for welding fumes containing either copper or zinc were assessed.
Fifteen healthy male volunteers participated in an exposure. Each subject was exposed to two different concentrations of both, copper and zinc containing welding fumes. Exposure was performed in the Aachen Workplace Simulation Lab.
The NOEL was found at metal concentrations between 0.2 and 0.3 mg/m3 for copper and between 0.8 and 1.2 mg/m3 for zinc.
The NOEL identified in this study was about a factor of 10 higher than the German workplace threshold limit values (TLV). However, TLV in other countries was in the same range or even higher than the NOEL indicating a considerable risk for workers.
Injury, Illness, and Mental Health Risks in United States Domestic Mariners
Authors: Lefkowitz Rafael Y. , Null Dawn B. , Slade Martin D. , Redlich Carrie A. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Describe health conditions and injury and illness rates in a population of United States mariners, an understudied workforce vital to economic security.

Methods:
In this survey study, mariner health data was collected and analyzed to provide injury and illness rates (including mental health conditions) and associated risk factors.

Results:
In this mariner population of highly tenured vessel masters and pilots, hypertension, obesity, sleep disorders, smoking, alcohol consumption, and symptoms of depression and anxiety were common. BMI ≥35 was associated with increased likelihood of work injury (OR 5.7; 95%CI 1.01, 32.59).

Conclusions:
The mariners were in poor overall health, raising public health and safety concerns in this population of essential transportation workers. Follow-up studies including a wider distribution of domestic mariners (deck hands, engineers) would further characterize occupational risks.
The Impact of an Urban Scrapyard Fire on Respiratory-Related Pediatric Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Li Jonathan C. , Casher Danielle 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
In Philadelphia, a scrapyard fire generated PM2.5 concentrations >1000 μg/m3. We assessed whether this was associated with pediatric emergency department visits for respiratory diagnoses.

Design/Methods:
Retrospective observational study using electronic health record data from a local, academic pediatric hospital.

Results:
Compared to the two-week period before the fire, patients living directly north of the fire (downwind) had a significant difference in all asthma diagnoses (OR = 3.02, P = 0.03); asthma and upper respiratory infection (OR = 17.3, P = 0.01); overall admissions (OR = 3.04, P = 01); asthma admissions (OR = 4.45, P = .01); and asthma and upper respiratory infection admissions (OR = 15.0, P = 0.01). We did not observe any significant differences among visits or admissions from patients residing in other adjacent zip codes.

Conclusion:
A localized, transient increase in PM2.5 was associated with increased pediatric emergency department visits for asthma among patients living downwind of the fire.
Association of Sickness Absence With Severe Psychiatric Outcomes in a Brazilian Health Workforce
Authors: Szlejf Claudia , Kumow Aline , Dadão Rafael , Duim Etienne , Assalim Vanessa Moraes 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
To investigate the association of sickness absence with severe psychiatric outcomes in the workforce of a health institution.

Methods:
This cross-sectional analysis included 16,890 employees from a health institution. The association of all-cause sick-leave spells and mental sick-leave spells with a composite outcome (psychiatric hospital admission and/or suicidality) was investigated with logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, education, and job position.

Results:
There were 18,855 sick-leave spells among 6428 employees and 8.2% were mental sick-leaves. All-cause sick-leave was associated with the composite outcome (OR = 6.81; 95% CI = 2.99–15.52). This association was driven by mental-sick leave (OR = 100.52; 95% CI = 41.26–244.91), and the odds were higher among men.

Conclusion:
Health promotion interventions on workers with mental sick-leave should be implemented to minimize the impact of mental disorders in this high-risk group.
The Post Hurricane Harvey Respiratory Protection Training Program
Authors: Li Yiyao , Bakos-Block Christine , Rammah Amal , Magal Rotem , Adekanye Joel , Esquenazi Shari , McDaniel Michelle R. , Zhang Kai , Symanski Elaine , Perkison William B. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
This study evaluated the effectiveness of an outreach program which included safety training and the distribution of personal protection kits in the Houston area in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey.

Methods:

Outreach: 71 volunteers conducted training sessions at 19 different sites and distributed a total of 1187 kits. Follow-up study: We conducted telephonic interviews to collect data on respiratory symptoms and obtain perceptions of the quality of the safety training provided among 83 participants.

Results:
Participants reported an increase in airway symptoms four weeks after Hurricane Harvey. Outreach efforts were felt to be effective by a majority of participants.

Conclusion:
Future studies may adopt some of the best practices from our training efforts in terms of utilizing a combination of verbal demonstrations and written training guidelines on proper respirator usage.