bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labour market marginalisation in young refugees with and without common mental disorders
Authors: De Montgomery C , Norredam M , Krasnik A , Petersen J H , Björkenstam E , Berg L , Hjern A , Sijbrandij M , Klimek P , Mittendorfer-Rutz E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
This study explored how inequality in labour market marginalisation (LMM) between refugees and their peers developed during early adulthood in Denmark and Sweden (DK/SE), and the role of common mental disorders (CMD) in these trends.

Methods
Using registry data, all refugees living in DK/SE in 2009-2012 who were born 1986-1993 and who immigrated as children (aged 0-17) were included (N = 13,390/45,687) and 1:5 matched on age, sex and municipality size to individuals born in DK/SE with at least one parent also born in DK/SE (N = 69,650/227,287). Information on psychiatric care (hospital and medicine) during 2009-2011 indicated CMD, while LMM was measured during 2012-2015 using income-based indicators. Probabilities of LMM were standardized by multiplying the estimated parameters of linear probability models in SE (adjusted for age, sex, municipality size, age of arrival, origin country, and accompanying family) onto the mean of the covariates in DK.

Results
The risk of LMM was 2-2.5 times higher for refugees across ages 20-29 in DK/SE. The risk tended to decrease in SE but increased in DK for refugees. The increase was accentuated for youth with CMD. However, CMD did not explain the inequality between refugee and majority youth. The increase in DK was driven by birth-cohort differences, while the trend in SE was consistent across birth cohorts.

Conclusions
CMD did not capture the vulnerability that sets refugees apart from their peers. While immigration and integration policy differences between DK and SE increased, the integration outcomes diminished, suggesting the importance of factors other than national level policies.

Key messages
Young refugees in DK/SE were more at risk of labour market marginalization than their majority peers. Healthcare contact for common mental disorders raised levels, but did not reduce inequalities. Labour market marginalisation decreased with age in Sweden but increased for refugees in Denmark, driven by birth cohort difference.
Opinions and experiences of a national smokefree prison policy: evidence from the TIPs study
Authors: Brown A , Eadie D , Purves R , Demou E , Mitchell D , O'Donnell R , Ford A , Bauld L , Sweeting H , Hunt K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Removal of tobacco from prisons poses distinct challenges, as prisons are 'homes' and smoking rates are high. TIPs is unique in comprehensively studying a smoking ban using data collected before, during and after the ban. This paper presents opinions and experiences of people in custody (PiC) and staff in Scotland, and identifies implementation success factors and lessons that are highly relevant for other jurisdictions and areas of public health.

Methods
Surveys of staff and PiC (response rates) were conducted in Nov-Dec 2016 (27%, 34%), May-Jul 2018 (31%, 26%) and May-Jul 2019 (16%, 18%), with questions on smoking, smoking cessation/abstinence and smoking restrictions in the prison context. Topics were also explored qualitatively with staff/PiC at similar time points (34 focus groups, 99 interviews). Survey responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses. Qualitative data were thematically analysed to identify the diversity of views and experiences.

Results
Smokefree policy is widely accepted as the new 'norm', but support was higher among staff than PiC before, during and after implementation. Surveys and qualitative data suggest perceptions of some of the potential difficulties (e.g. 'hard to enforce') and negative consequences (e.g. 'cause a lot of trouble') of smokefree policy reduced post implementation. Participants identified several implementation success factors relating to: planning and communication, smoking abstinence/cessation products/services, and partnership working.

Conclusions
Smokefree prison polices can be successfully implemented, providing the removal of tobacco is well managed and support measures are available for smokers. Some factors shaping the successful introduction of smokefree prisons in Scotland are relevant to other areas of public health transformation e.g. setting clear objectives and timescales; collaboration and teamwork; and involving staff at all levels and end-users.
29.E. Workshop: Data analysis, advocacy activities, and actions to counteract the double burden of malnutrition
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA Food and nutrition section, EUPHA Chronic diseases section, EUPHA Health promotion section, WHO/Europe,   Chair persons: Iveta Nagyova - EUPHA, Luís Saboga-Nunes – EUPHA-HP
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The burden of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) represents a public health issue of gigantic proportion at global level. Among others, diet has been demonstrated to be a key element to maintain health and prevent NCDs. Today's world is facing the so-called “double burden of malnutrition”, characterized by the coexistence of undernutrition along with overweight, obesity or diet-related NCDs due to a substantial shift toward unhealthy diet high in sugars and ultra-processed foods and concomitant inadequate accessibility of nutritious foods. While interventions to improve diet quality and nutrition knowledge are of paramount importance in order to decrease the burden of NCDs over the next decades, the international policy framework should aim to develop evidence-based policy approaches to reduce such burden globally.
In this context, the EUPHA Food and nutrition section, the EUPHA Chronic diseases section, the EUPHA Health promotion section, in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), aim to propose a joint workshop to provide the latest updates from leading scientists and experts involved in global health research, with a special focus on NCDs, obesity and nutrition-related risk factors as well as ongoing interventions aimed to reduce the double burden of malnutrition.
The objectives of the present workshop are the following: To quantify the global burden and temporal trends of NCDs risk factors; To assess the impact of nutrition-related risk factors on NCDs; To provide examples of advocacy activities and actions at global level to improve nutrition education and dietary behaviors; To promote translatable information at global level and drive implementation of knowledge into policy and practice.
Organizing the present workshop would provide an important occasion for gathering experts in the field and sharing opinions with the audience in light of the presented results. Given the many actors involved, the workshop will provide a unique occasion to discuss about potential policy approaches in the context of the conference.

Key messages
There is science-based evidence demonstrating that healthy nutrition is a key factor to maintain global health and prevent chronic non-communicable diseases. Governmental and non-governmental efforts are currently working to counteract malnutrition worldwide.
The WHO Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) and the CLICK framework
Authors: Breda J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) is a well-established system that measures trends in overweight and obesity in over 300,000 primary school aged children from over 40 countries across the WHO European Region. The COSI collects important information related to child anthropometrics, school and family characteristics and child lifestyle behaviors. Major determinants covered by COSI include physical activity, dietary habits and school environments. COSI data has revealed substantial differences in physical activity estimates between countries. However, studies based on COSI data show that 40% of children spend at least two hours watching TV or using electronic devices per day. To prevent increased childhood obesity, policymakers should simultaneously increase opportunities for children to engage in physical activity and act to reduce the amount of time spent on sedentary activities. As children are increasingly online and connected to mobile devices, an emerging concern relates to digital marketing of unhealthy products, which can be effectively targeted at children using advanced persuasive techniques. The WHO CLICK report suggests the need to integrate information such as children's time spent online, device, app and social media usage with outcomes such as child obesity. One future possibility may be to integrate such questions into future COSI questionnaires, which would provide important information at minimal cost and could generate extensive, high quality data. The monitoring and surveillance advocated by the CLICK report is necessary to provide data on whether and how far WHO recommendations in online settings are adopted by governments and public health institutions. The WHO CLICK report acts on consultation with experts to provide a tool to support Member States in monitoring the digital marketing of unhealthy products to children and suggests policy options.
Strengthening primary care through patient registration: a review of 10 countries
Authors: Marchildon G , Allin S , Quentin W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Effective primary care requires continuity in the patient-provider relationship so that the primary care provider can act as the central coordinator of services. For this reason, some high-income countries have insisted on patient registration with a primary care team as part of different reform efforts. This paper develops a framework for analysing the characteristics of patient registration across countries; applies this framework to a selection of high-income countries that have introduced registration; and identifies challenges related to registration and ongoing reform efforts.

Methods
Based on a literature review, 10 countries - Canada, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Israel, Norway, Sweden Switzerland, and the Netherlands - were selected for analysis. Information was collected using a standardized questionnaire completed by national researchers who reviewed relevant literature and policy documents to report on the establishment and evolution of the policy, the requirements for providers and patients, the benefits for patients, providers and payers, and its connection to primary care reform.

Results
Patient registration establishes a triangular accountability relationship between patients, providers and payers that many reform advocates claim is the key to achieving better continuity and coordination of care. Results will provide information about the introduction of patient registration in the included countries; the characteristics of patient registration agreements; quantitative indicators, such as the proportion of patients registered, the proportion of primary care providers registering patients, and the average list size of providers. Recent reform experiences and ongoing challenges will also be reviewed.

Conclusions
This study will allow us to assess patient registration in terms of its key characteristics and outcomes. A preliminary evaluation of the policy's strengths and weaknesses based on key reform criteria is also presented.
Grassroots innovations as salutogenic practices in a slum of Medellín
Authors: Martinez-Herrera E , Molina J C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
WHO pointed out urbanization as one of the main troubles and defiances for public health in the 21st century because of the increasing urban health inequalities. The United Nations SDGs 11 promotes local strategies to create environments that expand the resources of a healthier, sustainable, livable for life. Basically, grassroots innovation practices (GIP) are shown as boosters and leading figures of urban social transformation in Slums. On average, 20% in Medellin live in Slums with poverty conditions extremely high.

Methods
In 2018, a qualitative case study focused on urban health and salutogenesis was carried out using an interpretative scope by communitarian narrative explanation building analysis. 32 participants, inhabitants and founders of the Slum, mainly adults, were involved in semi-structured Interviews, Photovoice and Mapping of Community Assets. All ethical aspects were conceived to respect the voices on the struggles for being renowned as part of the city.

Results
El Faro built on a settlement space by its residents through a process which they have called 'dignity and resistance' has transform as a consequence of a set of drivers of four GIP developed around the community. Among them, water management, creation of public space and artistic training. GIP have mobilized community health assets, allowing the development of an important sense of community coherence (SoC-C), with which the community faces their situation of poverty, modifying the conditions that reproduce it and setting up coherent experiences.

Conclusions
GIP are configured as an alternative response to local needs and structural limitations and confrontations. SOC-C has contributed to generate health and well-being, through a process of empowerment that promotes a critical, reflective and proactive citizenship in front of its environment. New research based on salutogenesis is needed as a spotlight institutional governance strategy to bottom up housing public policies.

Key messages
SOC-C generates mobilization of own community health assets to face the local situation of poverty in a bottom up process; alluring meaningful processes and raising social cohesion experiences. Social and urban transformation from the community are possible and attributable to a result of grassroots innovation practices.
Strategies for reaching vulnerable groups in municipal health promotion
Authors: Quilling E , Kuchler M , Leimann J , Dieterich S , Plantz C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Contrary to the actual goal of health promotion, which is to reach all population groups equally, groups with an already better state of health are reached by such health services whereas vulnerable or socially disadvantaged groups are often not reached. Specific offers for the latter, however, can lead to stigmatization by reducing them on certain risk factors. This results in a further increase of health inequalities.

Methods
As part of the Joint Action Health Equity Europe (Work Package 6), 13 participating countries have initiated individual projects since autumn 2019 to promote community health and health equity. These projects are based on previously systematically identified country-specific needs. Through content analysis according to Mayring of interim reports and interviews with the project partners, it will now be investigated which strategies have been used to reach vulnerable groups. Recommendations for other countries will be derived from this comprehensive experience.

Results
At this stage, the observations indicate that different strategies are chosen to reach different vulnerable groups. It can be assumed that direct connection to existing networks, which enable low-threshold access to these groups in their everyday life and participatory approaches that involve the target group in planning and implementation, seem to be promising.

Conclusions
The diversity, uniquely portrayed by the various projects from different European countries, provides an overview of the differences and similarities in the strategies used for reaching vulnerable groups from which approaches can be generated that are internationally relevant and transferable.

Key messages
Gaining access to vulnerable groups requires special consideration in health promotion. The results of the JAHEE project (WP6) show promising and diverse strategies for dealing with vulnerable groups.
SHadow Under the Lamp (SHUL): Smoking behavior of the health professionals
Authors: Rahman M A , Susanto A W , Quarashi A A , Raymond A , Taufik F F , Mahmud I , Al Kloub M I , Oli N , Martini S , Khan Z 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Smoking cessation is the best option a health professional can offer to the patients for averting the preventable causes of mortality and morbidity.

Purpose
To determine smoking behavior, preferred cessation methods, and attitudes towards smoking cessation amongst health professionals.

Methods
The cross-sectional study, conducted in six countries, included doctors and nurses working at different hospital settings. Participants responded anonymously to an online questionnaire.

Results
Among 1109 participants, 36% were from Saudi Arabia, 14% from Nepal, 14% from Indonesia, 12% from Australia, 12% from Jordan, and 12% from Pakistan. Mean age was 33 years, 61% were females and 58% were nurses. One in eight (12%) was daily smoker. Among current smokers, 42% smoked 2-9 cigarettes/day, and 26% had their first cigarette within 5-30 minutes after waking up. Half of the smokers perceived it as 'very important' to quit smoking, 30% had tried to quit in the last six months, and 31% preferred to have a group quit program with the same health professionals. Only 17% had formal training on smoking cessation, but 57% were interested to receive one. Half of the participants said they (53%) 'always' asked patients if they smoked, but 89% said they advised to quit, 76% said they assessed intention to quit, 28% said they assisted by providing materials on cessation, and 33% said they arranged follow up for cessation. Compared to current smokers, never smokers were more likely to 'always' ask patients if they smoked (78% vs. 22%, p = 0.044, ORs 1.39, 95%CIs 1.01-1.91), assist smokers by setting quit dates (74% vs. 26%, p = 0.039, ORs 1.54, 95%CIs 1.03-2.29), arrange follow up (77% vs. 23%, p = 0.044, ORs 1.40, 95%CIs 1.01-1.94).

Conclusions
Health professionals reported moderately good behavior around advice to smokers, but it is much worse among current smokers. Health professionals who smoke should be both encouraged to quit and to better support their patients to do so.

Key messages
Smoking cessation support for patients was not good among health professionals, who were smokers. Health professionals need to quit smoking in order to provide better cessation support for patients.
Women’s health in prisons in Africa: prevalence and challenges to address HIV among women in prison in Africa
Authors: Salah E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In Africa around 3.2% of the prison population is represented by women. People in prison are 5 times more likely to be living with HIV than adults in the general population. Moreover, women in prison have a higher HIV prevalence than men. The factors that lead to women becoming incarcerated are often also those that lead to their increased risk of acquiring HIV infection.
Their situation in prison is exacerbated by stigma and discrimination, gender-based violence and inequality. Women have limited access to health care in prison settings and are less likely to receive treatment than men. This is even more the case in Africa, where the precarious and sometimes inhuman prison conditions, render the health-related interventions addressing women health particularly challenging. Their specific health care needs, such as sexual and reproductive health care, treatment of infectious diseases including STIs, as well as nutrition and hygiene requirements, are often neglected. The limited access for women (and their children) to ante- and postnatal care, labour and delivery services and antiretroviral therapy also leads to infants born in prisons being at high risk of contracting HIV. Women in prison should be able to access gender-responsive health care services which are equivalent and of the same quality as those available in the community.
The presentation will present the latest available data on health status and HIV in particular among women in prison in Africa and will present the international standards in health interventions of women in prison.
30.K. Round table: What is and what is not HIA; expectations and realities
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA Health impact assessment section,   Chair persons: Gabriel Gulis - Denmark, Jean Simos - Switzerland
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Health impact assessment as a public health tool to contribute to development of healthy public policy and later health in all policies approach entered public health practice, research, education and policy at the end of 1990'. During last 20 years the methodology spread around the globe, tools and guidelines have been developed, potential collaboration with other impact assessments discussed or even legally mandated. A quick search in PubMed using a MESH keyword “Health impact assessment” conducted in January 21, 2020 yielded 628 publications in time period of 2010-2019. Reading the abstract of last 100 from 2019 and partially 2018 based on first authors, manuscripts came from 31 countries of all five continents, USA being the most frequent contributor. This quick search revealed also substantial heterogeneity of the use of term; epidemiological studies, often environmental epidemiological ones, health care intervention evaluation studies, methodological development studies, general evaluation studies are often using health impact assessment label. Out of 100 abstracts, 14 seemed to be in-line with description of HIA by Gothenburg consensus paper, the basic document of HIA. On one hand, this is very positive showing the wide possibilities of use of HIA. On other hand however, it is hazardous as it could lead to misunderstandings and consequently to decreased interest for the methodology. With this regard it shall be noted that after a plateau in number of publications between 2014-2017, there seems to be a consistent decline of new research papers addressing using HIA. Looking at one database only can be a limitation of course. The aim of this round table workshop is to discuss where to go with HIA during coming years, identify potential facilitators for broader implementation and use of the methodology. After introductory presentation by workshop coordinators, five presentations will discuss potential facilitators such as common language and expectations, implementation and place of HIA within public health toolkit, capacity building and recent opportunities such as health in EIA and the SDG's. The final part of the round table will be as general discussion with involvement of the audience facilitated by workshop organizer.

Key messages
HIA is used for different purposes, not only the one described by Gothenburg consensus paper. There is a substantial heterogeneity in use of HIA influenced by language, implementation method, available capacities and motivation.