bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance of anthropometric tools to determine obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sommer Isolde , Teufer Birgit , Szelag Monika , Nussbaumer-Streit Barbara , Titscher Viktoria , Klerings Irma , Gartlehner Gerald 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to assess the performance of anthropometric tools to determine obesity in the general population (CRD42018086888). Our review included 32 studies. To detect obesity with body mass index (BMI), the meta-analyses rendered a sensitivity of 51.4% (95% CI 38.5–64.2%) and a specificity of 95.4% (95% CI 90.7–97.8%) in women, and 49.6% (95% CI 34.8–64.5%) and 97.3% (95% CI 92.1–99.1%), respectively, in men. For waist circumference (WC), the summary estimates for the sensitivity were 62.4% (95% CI 49.2–73.9%) and 88.1% for the specificity (95% CI 77.0–94.2%) in men, and 57.0% (95% CI 32.2–79.0%) and 94.8% (95% CI 85.8–98.2%), respectively, in women. The data were insufficient to pool the results for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) but were similar to BMI and WC. In conclusion, BMI and WC have serious limitations for use as obesity screening tools in clinical practice despite their widespread use. No evidence supports that WHR and WHtR are more suitable than BMI or WC to assess body fat. However, due to the lack of more accurate and feasible alternatives, BMI and WC might still have a role as initial tools for assessing individuals for excess adiposity until new evidence emerges.
Sovateltide (IRL-1620) activates neuronal differentiation and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in adult mammalian brains following stroke
Authors: Ranjan Amaresh K. , Briyal Seema , Gulati Anil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of effective drugs for stroke is urgently required as it is the 2nd largest killer in the world and its incidence is likely to increase in the future. We have demonstrated cerebral endothelin B receptors (ETBR) as a potential target to treat acute cerebral ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism of ETBR mediated neural regeneration and repair remains elusive. In this study, a permanent middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAO) rat model was used. Sovateltide (an ETBR agonist) injected intravenously showed better survival and neurological and motor function improvement than control. Higher neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) differentiation along with better mitochondrial morphology and biogenesis in the brain of sovateltide rats were noted. Exposure of cultured NPCs to hypoxia and sovateltide also showed higher NPC differentiation and maturation. This study shows a novel role of ETBR in NPCs and mitochondrial fate determination in cerebral ischemia, and in improving neurological deficit after stroke.
Efficacy of combined orthokeratology and 0.01% atropine solution for slowing axial elongation in children with myopia: a 2-year randomised trial
Authors: Kinoshita Nozomi , Konno Yasuhiro , Hamada Naoki , Kanda Yoshinobu , Shimmura-Tomita Machiko , Kaburaki Toshikatsu , Kakehashi Akihiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEighty Japanese children, aged 8–12 years, with a spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of − 1.00 to − 6.00 dioptres (D) were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either a combination of orthokeratology (OK) and 0.01% atropine solution (combination group) or monotherapy with OK (monotherapy group). Seventy-three subjects completed the 2-year study. Over the 2 years, axial length increased by 0.29 ± 0.20 mm (n = 38) and 0.40 ± 0.23 mm (n = 35) in the combination and monotherapy groups, respectively (P = 0.03). Interactions between combination treatment and age or SER did not reach significance level (age,P = 0.18; SER,P = 0.06). In the subgroup of subjects with an initial SER of − 1.00 to − 3.00 D, axial length increased by 0.30 ± 0.22 mm (n = 27) and 0.48 ± 0.22 mm (n = 23) in the combination and monotherapy groups, respectively (P = 0.005). In the − 3.01 to − 6.00 D subgroup, axial length increased by 0.27 ± 0.15 mm (n = 11) and 0.25 ± 0.17 mm (n = 12) in the combination and monotherapy groups, respectively (P = 0.74). The combination therapy may be effective for slowing axial elongation, especially in children with low initial myopia.
Species diversity of Pleosporalean taxa associated with Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze in Taiwan
Authors: Ariyawansa Hiran A. , Tsai Ichen , Thambugala Kasun M. , Chuang Wei-Yu , Lin Shiou-Ruei , Hozzein Wael N. , Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPleosporales species are important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of economically important plant hosts. The classification of Pleosporales has undergone various modifications in recent years due to the addition of many families described from multiple habitats with a high level of morphological deviation. Numerous asexual genera have been described in Pleosporales that can be either hyphomyceteous or coelomycetous. Phoma- or coniothyrium-like species are common and have been revealed as polyphyletic in the order Pleosporales and linked with several sexual genera. A total of 31 pleosporalean strains were isolated in different regions of Taiwan between 2017 and 2018 from the leaves of Camellia sinensis plants with symptoms of leaf spot disease. These strains were evaluated morphologically and genotypically using multi-locus sequence analyses of the ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 genes. The results demonstrated the affiliation of these strains with the various families in Pleosporales and revealed the presence of one new genus (Neoshiraia) and eight new species (Alloconiothyrium camelliae, Amorocoelophoma camelliae, Leucaenicola camelliae, L. taiwanensis, Neoshiraia camelliae, N. taiwanensis, Paraconiothyrium camelliae and Paraphaeosphaeria camelliae). Furthermore, to the best of our understanding, Didymella segeticola, Ectophoma pomi and Roussoella mexican were reported for the first time from C. sinensis in Taiwan.
Multilayer optical thin film design with deep Q learning
Authors: Jiang Anqing , Osamu Yoshie , Chen Liangyao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultilayer optical film plays a significant role in broad fields of optical application. Due to the nonlinear relationship between the dispersion characteristics of optical materials and the actual performance parameters of optical thin films, it is challenging to optimize optical thin film structure with the traditional models. In this paper, we present an implementation of Deep Q-learning, which suited for the most part for optical thin film. As a set of concrete demonstrations, we optimize solar absorber. The optimal program could optimal this solar absorber in 500 epoch (about 200 steps per-epoch) without any human intervention. Search results perform better than researchers’ manual searches.
Clathrin mediated endocytosis is involved in the uptake of exogenous double-stranded RNA in the white mold phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Wytinck Nick , Sullivan Daniel S. , Biggar Kirsten T. , Crisostomo Leandro , Pelka Peter , Belmonte Mark F. , Whyard Steve 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) technologies have recently been developed to control a growing number of agronomically significant fungal phytopathogens, including the white mold pathogen,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Exposure of this fungus to exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) results in potent RNAi-mediated knockdown of target genes’ transcripts, but it is unclear how the dsRNA can enter the fungal cells. In nematodes, specialized dsRNA transport proteins such as SID-1 facilitate dsRNA uptake, but for many other eukaryotes in which the dsRNA uptake mechanisms have been examined, endocytosis appears to mediate the uptake process. In this study, using live cell imaging, transgenic fungal cultures and endocytic inhibitors, we determined that the uptake mechanism inS. sclerotiorumoccurs through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. RNAi-mediated knockdown of several clathrin-mediated endocytic genes’ transcripts confirmed the involvement of this cellular uptake process in facilitating RNAi in this fungus. Understanding the mode of dsRNA entry into the fungus will prove useful in designing and optimizing future dsRNA-based control methods and in anticipating possible mechanisms by which phytopathogens may develop resistance to this novel category of fungicides.
Blockchain technology based e-voting system
Authors: Lahane Anita A. , Patel Junaid , Pathan Talif , Potdar Prathmesh 
Published: July 2020

Election could be a important event during a trendy democracy however massive sections of society round the world don’t trust their election system that is major concern for the democracy. Even the world’s largest democracies like Republic of India, us, and Japan still suffer from a blemished legal system. Vote rigging, hacking of the EVM (Electronic vote machine), election manipulation, and booth capturing square measure the key problems within the current electoral system. during this system, we tend to square measure work the problems|the problems within the election vote systems and attempting to propose the E-voting model which might resolve these issues. The system can highlight a number of the popular blockchain frameworks that provide blockchain as a service and associated electronic E-voting system that is predicated on blockchain that addresses all limitations severally, it additionally preserve participant’s obscurity whereas still being hospitable public examination.
Building Associate in Nursing electronic electoral system that satisfies the legal necessities of legislators has been a challenge for an extended time. Distributed ledger technologies is Associate in Nursing exciting technological advancement within the info technology world. Blockchain technologies supply Associate in Nursing infinite vary of applications cashing in on sharing economies.
Blockchain could be a unquiet technology of current era and guarantees to enhance the resilience of e-voting systems. this technique presents a shot to leverage edges of blockchain like cryptological foundations and transparency to attain an efficient theme for e-voting. The projected theme conforms to the elemental necessities for e-voting schemes and achieves end-to-end verifiability. The system presents in-depth analysis of the theme that with success demonstrates its effectiveness to attain Associate in Nursing end-to-end verifiable e-voting theme.
Sicher zwischen Leitlinie und Leitplanke: Umfrage zur Praxis des perioperativen Managements der radikalen Zystektomie in Deutschland
Authors: Dressler Franz F. , Dogan Serkan , Hennig Martin , Frank Tanja , Struck Julian , Cebulla Angelika , Salem Johannes , Borgmann Hendrik , Klatte Tobias , Kramer Mario W. , Hofbauer Sebastian 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung Die radikale Zystektomie (RCX) ist die kurative Standardbehandlung für muskelinvasive Harnblasenkarzinome. Aufgrund des operativen Ausmaßes und der damit verbundenen komplexen stationären Betreuung ist die RCX mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden. Ziel war es, Daten aus dem klinischen Alltag zur gegenwärtigen Praxis des perioperativen Managements zu erfassen.
Methoden Mitglieder der DGU und der German Society of Residents in Urology beantworteten anonym einen 24 Fragen umfassenden Online-Fragebogen. Gegenstand waren sowohl klinisch relevante Aspekte der gegenwärtigen EAU/DGU-Leitlinien als auch kontrovers diskutierte klinische Fragen.
Ergebnisse Durch die Teilnehmer konnten mindestens 19 % aller infrage kommenden deutschen Zentren erfasst werden. Mehrheitlich wird das präoperative Staging mittels CT-Urografie und CT-Thorax durchgeführt. Die meistgenutzte Antibiotikaprophylaxe umfasst ein Drittgenerations-Cephalosporin plus Metronidazol (46 %), welche im Median für 5 Tage verabreicht werden. Harnleiterschienen (HS) werden im Mittel beim Ileumconduit am 11. und bei der Neoblase am 12. Tag nach RCX entfernt. Gemessen an Surrogatparametern wie oraler Darmvorbereitung, Beginn des Kostaufbaus und Einsatz einer Magensonde sind aktuelle Fast-Track-Konzepte noch nicht allgemein verbreitet (< 50 %).
Schlussfolgerungen Die meisten Aspekte des perioperativen Managements werden leitliniengerecht durchgeführt, so z. B. Staging-Untersuchungen, Einsatz von Antibiotika und Entfernung der HS. Andere klinische Fragestellungen wie Durchführung einer Bildgebung vor Entfernung der HS und Fast-Track-Konzepte werden unterschiedlich gehandhabt, obwohl zunehmende Evidenz in diesen Bereichen existiert. Leitlinienadhärenz war nicht mit Zentrumsgröße oder Anzahl der Eingriffe assoziiert.
Operationsindikationen bei der chronischen Pankreatitis
Authors: Müller-Debus Charlotte Friederieke , Wellner Ulrich Friedrich , Bösch Florian , Belyaev Orlin , Brunner Maximilian , Radulova-Mauersberger Olga , Grützmann Robert , Uhl Waldemar , Witzigmann Helmut , Werner Jens , Keck Tobias 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie chronische Pankreatitis stellt eine über die Jahre rezidivierende Erkrankung mit wiederkehrenden Entzündungsschüben der Bauchspeicheldrüse und gürtelförmigen Oberbauchschmerzen dar. Unbehandelt führt die chronische Pankreatitis zu rezidivierenden Schmerzen, die letztendlich häufig eine Therapie mit Opiaten erfordern. Die chronische Pankreatitis führt zu rezidivierenden Krankenhausaufenthalten der Betroffenen sowie zu sozioökonomischen Nachteilen für die Patienten. Im Verlauf kann es zu lokalen Folgen der chronischen Pankreatitis kommen wie Pseudozystenbildung, Gallengangstenose, Duodenalobstruktion oder portaler Hypertension. Ziel dieses Artikels ist die Darstellung der Indikationen zur chirurgischen Therapie für die chronische Pankreatitis. Zugrunde liegend ist eine systematische Literaturrecherche und Bewertung, die Erstellung von Schlüsselfragen nach dem PICO-Prinzip und die Evaluation der Indikationen in einem 3-stufigen Delphi-Verfahren unter den Mitgliedern der Arbeitsgruppe Pankreas und der Arbeitsgruppe Indikationsqualität der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie. Die chirurgische Resektion des entzündlichen Pankreaskopftumors nach einem primär konservativen Therapieversuch stellt eine hocheffiziente Therapie zur Kontrolle der Schmerzen und zur Vermeidung von Komplikationen bei der chronischen Pankreatitis dar. Hierfür stehen gut evaluierte duodenumerhaltende (Operationen nach Frey, Bern, Beger) und duodenumresezierende Verfahren (pyloruserhaltende Pankreaskopfresektion, Whipple-Operation) sowie Drainageoperationen zur Verfügung. Protrahierung der chirurgischen Therapie bei Versagen eines initialen konservativen Therapieversuchs kann zur Chronifizierung von Schmerzen, Kachexie und Malnutrition des Patienten und zur Erhöhung der Komplikationen bei der chirurgischen Therapie führen.
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Martí Joan Daniel , McWilliams David , Gimeno-Santos Elena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition that affects a person's ability to exercise and undertake normal physical function due to breathlessness, poor physical fitness, and muscle fatigue. Patients with COPD often experience exacerbations due to pulmonary infections, which result in worsening of their symptoms, more loss of function, and often require hospital treatment or in severe cases admission to intensive care units. Recovery from such exacerbations is often slow, and some patients never fully return to their previous level of activity. This can lead to permanent disability and premature death.Physical therapists play a key role in the respiratory management and rehabilitation of patients admitted to intensive care following acute exacerbation of COPD. This article discusses the key considerations for respiratory management of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, providing an evidence-based summary of commonly used interventions. It will also explore the evidence to support the introduction of early and structured programs of rehabilitation to support recovery in both the short and the long term, as well as active mobilization, which includes strategies to minimize or prevent physical loss through early retraining of both peripheral and respiratory muscles.
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Applications in Endodontics: A Review
Authors: Cervino Gabriele , Laino Luigi , D’Amico Cesare , Russo Diana , Nucci Ludovica , Amoroso Giulia , Gorassini Francesca , Tepedino Michele , Terranova Antonella , Gambino Dario , Mastroieni Roberta , Tözüm Melek Didem , Fiorillo Luca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA current topic in dentistry concerns the biocompatibility of the materials, and in particular, conservative dentistry and endodontics ones. The mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a dental material with biocompatibility properties to oral and dental tissues. MTA was developed for dental root repair in endodontic treatment and it is formulated from commercial Portland cement, combined with bismuth oxide powder for radiopacity. MTA is used for creating apical plugs during apexification, repairing root perforations during root canal therapy, treating internal root resorption, and pulp capping. The objective of this article is to investigate MTA features from a clinical point of view, even compared with other biomaterials. All the clinical data regarding this dental material will be evaluated in this review article. Data obtained from the analysis of the past 10 years’ literature highlighted 19 articles in which the MTA clinical aspects could be recorded. The results obtained in this article are an important step to demonstrate the safety and predictability of oral rehabilitations with these biomaterials and to promote a line to improve their properties in the future.
Diameter Changes in Traumatic Aortic Injury: Implications for Stent-Graft Sizing
Authors: Berger Tim , Voetsch Andreas , Alaloh Diaa , Kreibich Maximilian , Krombholz-Reindl Philipp , Winkler Andreas , Rylski Bartosz , Wolfgruber Thomas , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Siepe Matthias , Seitelberger Rainald , Czerny Martin , Gottardi Roman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to compare aortic diameters from admission computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans to postoperative aortic diameters in patients with traumatic aortic injury (TAI) and evaluate the influence of substantial blood loss on aortic diameter.
Methods The aortic databases of two tertiary university centers were retrospectively screened for patients with TAI between February 2002 and February 2019. Concomitant organ injuries, bone fractures, blood loss, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Aortic diameters were measured in CTA upon admission and were compared with the CTA before discharge at three different aortic levels (mid-ascending, 5 cm distal to the end of the stent graft, and at the celiac trunk level).
Results We identified 45 patients, aged 43 (first quartile; third quartile [26; 55]) years with a TAI treated by thoracic endovascular aortic repair. The most frequent cause of TAI was a car accident (n = 24). Concomitant injuries were seen in all but one patient. Bone and pelvic fractures were seen in 40 (89%) and 15 (33%) patients, respectively. Type III aortic injury was present in 25 patients (56%). Increase of aortic diameter after stabilization was +1.7 mm (−0.6 mm; 2.5 mm; p = 0.004) at the mid-ascending aorta, +2.1 mm (0.2 mm; 3.8 mm; p < 0.001) 5 cm distal to the stent graft, and +1.5 mm (0.5 mm; 3.2 mm; p < 0.001) at the celiac trunk level.
Conclusion In patients with TAI, the aortic diameter is significantly reduced as compared with the aortic diameter at discharge. The reduction of aortic diameter might be caused by hemorrhagic shock and should be kept in mind for appropriate stent-graft sizing.
Simplification of Care for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , Ramers Christian B. , Dillon John F. , Feld Jordan J. , Lazarus Jeffrey V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) set a target for eliminating viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. However, while today's highly effective and well-tolerated pangenotypic direct-acting antiviral regimens have maximized simplification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, there remain a plethora of barriers to HCV screening, diagnosis, and linkage to care. As of 2017, only 19% of the estimated 71 million individuals living with chronic HCV worldwide were diagnosed and in 2015 to 2016, only 21% of diagnosed individuals had accessed treatment. Simplification and decentralization of the HCV care cascade would bolster patient engagement and support the considerable scale-up needed to achieve WHO targets. Recent developments in HCV screening and diagnosis, together with reduced pretreatment assessment and on-treatment monitoring requirements, can further streamline the care continuum, ensuring patients are linked to care quickly and earlier in the disease course, and minimize clinic visits.
Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products is Involved in Platelet Hyperactivation and Arterial Thrombosis during Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ortillon Jérémy , Hézard Nathalie , Belmokhtar Karim , Kawecki Charlotte , Terryn Christine , Fritz Guenter , Kauskot Alexandre , Schmidt Ann Marie , Rieu Philippe , Nguyen Philippe , Maurice Pascal , Touré Fatouma 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high cardiovascular mortality due to increased rates of vascular lesions and thrombotic events, as well as serum accumulation of uremic toxins. A subgroup of these toxins (advanced glycation end products [AGEs] and S100 proteins) can interact with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). In this study, we analyzed the impact of CKD on platelet function and arterial thrombosis, and the potential role of RAGE in this process.Methods Twelve weeks after induction of CKD in mice, platelet function and time to complete carotid artery occlusion were analyzed in four groups of animals (sham-operated, CKD, apolipoprotein E [Apoe]−/−, and Apoe−/−/Ager−/− mice).Results Analysis of platelet function from whole blood and platelet-rich plasma showed hyperactivation of platelets only in CKD Apoe−/− mice. There was no difference when experiments were done on washed platelets. However, preincubation of such platelets with AGEs or S100 proteins induced RAGE-mediated platelet hyperactivation. In vivo, CKD significantly reduced carotid occlusion times of Apoe−/− mice (9.2 ± 1.1 vs. 11.1 ± 0.6 minutes for sham, p < 0.01). In contrast, CKD had no effect on occlusion times in Apoe−/−/Ager−/− mice. Moreover, carotid occlusion in Apoe−/− CKD mice occurred significantly faster than in Apoe−/−/Ager−/− CKD mice (p < 0.0001).Conclusion Our results show that CKD induces platelet hyperactivation, accelerates thrombus formation in a murine model of arterial thrombosis, and that RAGE deletion has a protective role. We propose that RAGE ligands binding to RAGE is involved in CKD-induced arterial thrombosis.
Novel UGT1A1 Gene Mutations in a Boy with Crigler–Najjar Syndrome Type II
Authors: Pérez-Solís David , Montes-Zapico Bárbara , Rodríguez-Dehli Ana-Cristina , García-Hoyos María , Arroyo-Hernández Mireia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we reported a patient with Crigler–Najjar syndrome type II with high-unconjugated bilirubin levels that decreased after phenobarbital treatment. The patient had two novel missense mutations in the UGT1A1 gene and a promoter variant in one allele. One mutation was c.1001T > C, that predicted leucine to proline substitution at position 334 (p.Leu334Pro). The other, c.1139A > G, predicted glutamic acid to glycine replacement at position 380 (p.Glu380Gly). In silico analysis indicated that both mutations are likely pathogenic.