bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of CanPatrolTM technology for detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Jingyao , Liao Yi , Ran Yaling , Wang Guiyu , Wu Wei , Qiu Yang , Liu Jie , Wen Ningyu , Jing Tao , Wang Haidong , Zhang Shixin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background : The early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer is of great significance to the prognosis of patients. However, traditional histopathology and imaging screening have certain limitations. Therefore, new diagnostical methods are urgently needed for the current clinical diagnosis.Objectives: To evaluate of sensitivity and specificity of CanPatrol TM technology for detection of circulating tumor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: CTCs in the peripheral blood of 98 patients with NSCLC and 38 patients with benign pulmonary diseases were collected by the latest typing of CanPatrol TM detection technology. A 3-year follow-up was preformed to observe their recurrence and metastasis. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare multiple groups of data, Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare data between the two groups, and ROC curve analysis was used to obtain the critical value. The COX risk regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed in the 63 NSCLC patients who were effectively followed up.Results: The epithelial, epithelial-mesenchymal and total CTCs were significantly higher in NSCLC patients than that in patients with benign lung disease (P < 0.001). The mesenchymal CTCs of NSCLC patients was slightly higher than that of benign lung diseases (P = 0.013). The AUC of the ROC curve of the total CTCs was 0.837 (95% CI: 0.76-0.914), and the cut-off value corresponding to the most approximate index was 0.5 CTCs/5 ml, at which point the sensitivity was 81.6% and the specificity was 86.8%. COX regression analysis revealed that clinical stage was correlation with patient survival (P = 0.006), while gender, age and smoking were not (P > 0.05). After excluding the confounders of staging, surgery, and chemotherapy, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients in stage IIIA with CTCs ≥ 0.5 had significantly lower DFS than those with CTCs < 0.5 (P = 0.022).Conclusion : CTC positive can well predict the recurrence of NSCLC patients. CanPatrol TM technology has good sensitivity and specificity in detecting CTCs in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients, and has certain value for clinical prognosis evaluation.
TNFAIP8 variants as potential epidemiological and predictive biomarkers in ovarian cancer
Authors: Gao Hongyu , Zhang Zhiran , Jiang Liangliang , Zhang Lei , Qin Ling , Liu Tianbo , Yang Shanshan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: This research aimed to investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor-a-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) polymorphisms and ovarian cancer (OC) susceptibility. Methods: A case-control study of 210 patients with OC and 231 healthy controls was conducted to assess the association between TNFAIP8 polymorphisms (rs11064, rs1045241, and rs1045242) and OC risk in Heilongjiang Province of China. The SNaPshot SNP assay was conducted to detect SNP genotype. Logistic regression analysis was applied to illustrate the underlying association. Results: Our research found that TNFAIP8 rs11064 and rs1045242 were significantly connected with the susceptibility of OC. Additionally, rs1045242 increased the risk of OC, while rs11064 performed a protective role in the risk of OC. Data revealed that rs1045242 strongly related with advanced FIGO stage, larger residual tumor, and the presence of recurrence. Conclusions: TNFAIP8 genetic variants, which may play difference roles, were significantly associated with OC susceptibility. The underlying molecular mechanism needs be clarified with scientific evidence.
Analysis of 4 imaging features in patients with COVID-19
Authors: JIN JUN , Gao De-hong , Mo Xin , Tan Si-ping , Kou Zhen-xia , Chen Yi-bo , Cao Jin-bo , Chen Wen-jing , Zhang Ya-ming , Li Bing-qing , Huang Kuan-long , Xu Bing-ren , Tang Xiao-li , Wang Yu-li 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background : The aim of this was to analyze 4 chest CT imaging features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Shenzhen, China so as to improve the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Methods: Chest CT of 34 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by the nucleic acid test (NAT) were retrospectively analyzed. Analyses were performed to investigate the pathological basis of four imaging features(“feather sign”,“dandelion sign”,“pomegranate sign”, and “rime sign”) and to summarize the follow-up results.

Results: There were 22 patients (65.2 %) with typical “feather sign”and 18 (52.9%) with “dandelion sign”, while few patients had “pomegranate sign” and “rime sign”. The “feather sign” and “dandelion sign” were composed of stripe or round ground-glass opacity(GGO), thickened blood vessels, and small-thickened interlobular septa. The “pomegranate sign” was characterized as follows: the increased range of GGO, the significant thickening of the interlobular septum, complicated with a small amount of punctate alveolar hemorrhage. The “rime sign” was characterized by numerous alveolar edemas. Microscopically, the wall thickening, small vascular proliferation, luminal stenosis, and occlusion, accompanied by interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as numerous pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and partial hyaline degeneration were observed. Repeated chest CT revealed the mediastinal lymphadenectasis in one patient. Re-examination of the NAT showed another positive anal swab in two patients.

Conclusion: “Feather sign” and “dandelion sign” were typical chest CT features in patients with COVID-19; “pomegranate sign” was an atypical feature, and “rime sign” was a severe feature. In clinical work, accurate identification of various chest CT signs can help to improve the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 and reduce the misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis rate.
A chromosome level genome of Astyanax mexicanus surface fish for comparing population-specific genetic differences contributing to trait evolution.
Authors: Warren Wesley , Boggs Tyler , Borowsky Richard , Carlson Brian , Ferrufino Estephany , Gross Joshua , Hillier LaDeana , Hu Zhilian , Keene Alex , Kenzior Alexander , Kowalko Johanna , Tomlinson Chad , Kremitzki Milinn , Lemieux Madeleine , Graves-Lindsay Tina , McGaugh Suzanne , Miller Jeffrey , Mommersteeg Mathilda , Moran Rachel , Peuß Robert , Rice Edward , Riddle Misty , Sifuentes-Romero Itzel , Stanhope Bethany , Tabin Clifford , Thakur Sunishka , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Rohner Nicolas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Identifying the genetic factors that underlie complex traits is central to understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of evolution. In nature, adaptation to severe environmental change, such as encountered following colonization of caves, has dramatically altered genomes of species over varied time spans. Genomic sequencing approaches have identified mutations associated with troglomorphic trait evolution, but the functional impacts of these mutations remain poorly understood. The Mexican Tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, is abundant in the surface waters of northeastern Mexico, and also inhabits at least 30 different caves in the region. Cave-dwelling A. mexicanus morphs are well adapted to subterranean life and many populations appear to have evolved troglomorphic traits independently, while the surface-dwelling populations can be used as a proxy for the ancestral form. Here we present a high-resolution, chromosome-level surface fish genome, enabling the first genome-wide comparison between surface fish and cavefish populations. Using this resource, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analyses for pigmentation and eye size and found new candidate genes for eye loss such as dusp26. We used CRISPR gene editing in A. mexicanus to confirm the essential role of a gene within an eye size QTL, rx3, in eye formation. We also generated the first genome-wide evaluation of deletion variability that includes an analysis of the impact on protein-coding genes across cavefish populations to gain insight into this potential source of cave adaptation. The new surface fish genome reference now provides a more complete resource for comparative, functional, developmental and genetic studies of drastic trait differences within a species.
Predictors of three-month mortality among hospitalized older adults in Lomé, Togo
Authors: GBEASOR-KOMLANVI Fifonsi Adjidossi , TCHANKONI Martin Kouame , BAKOUBAYI Akila Wimima , LOKOSSOU Matthieu Yaovi , SADIO Arnold , ZIDA-COMPAORE Wendpouiré Ida Carine , DJIBRIL Mohaman , BELO Mofou , AGBONON Amegnona , EKOUEVI Didier Koumavi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Assessing hospital mortality and its predictors is important as some of these can be prevented through appropriate interventions. Few studies have reported hospital mortality data among older adults in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the mortality and associated factors among hospitalized older adults in Togo.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study from February 2018 to September 2019 among patients ≥50 years admitted in medical and surgical services of six hospitals in Togo. Data were recorded during hospitalization and through telephone follow-up survey within 90 days after admission. The main outcome was all-cause mortality at 3 months. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess predictors of mortality.Results: The median age of the 650 older adults included in the study period was 61 years, IQR: [55-70] and at least one comorbidity was identified in 59.7% of them. The all-cause mortality rate of 17.2% (95%CI: 14.4-20.4) and the majority of death (93.7%) occurred in hospital. Overall survival rate was 85.5% and 82.8% after 30 and 90 days of follow-up, respectively. Factors associated with 3-month mortality were the hospital level in the health pyramid, hospitalization service, length of stay, cardiovascular diseases excluding stroke, functional impairment, depression and malignant diseases.Conclusion: Togolese health system needs to adjust its response to an aging population in order to provide the most effective care.
Assessment of the Effect of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride Supplementation on Anthropometric Measurements, Body Composition, Visceral Adiposity Index and Metabolic Status in Obese and Overweight Women
Authors: Haidari Fatemeh , Mohammadshahi Majid , Zarei Mehdi , Haghighizadeh Mohammad Hosein , Mirzaee Fatemeh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. Among several methods for treating obesity, the use of dietary supplements is common recently. One supplement that can help in this regard might be vitamin B6 in high doses.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pyridoxine hydrochloride supplementation on anthropometric measurements, body composition, visceral adiposity index and metabolic status in obese and overweight women.Methods and Study Design: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 44 obese and overweight women aged 18–50 years were selected and divided randomly into two groups: an intervention group (receiving 80 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride supplement for 8 weeks) and control group (receiving placebo for 8 weeks). Results: In the pyridoxine hydrochloride group, weight(p=0.01), body mass index(p=0.009), fat mass(p=0.003), waist circumference(p=0.005), visceral adiposity index(p=0.001), fasting insulin, Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR), Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL), Triglycerides (TG) and leptin(p<0.001) decreased whereas adiponectin(p<0.001) increased in comparison to the baseline values. There was a significant difference in fat mass, visceral adiposity index, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and TG between pyridoxine hydrochloride and control groups following intervention in adjusted models(p<0.05).Conclusions: The findings suggest that vitamin B6 supplementation may be effective in reducing BMI and improving body composition and biochemical factors associated with obesity.Trial registration: The trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (reference number: ir.ajums.rec.1394.254) and was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (code: IRCT20181002041206N1).
Relationship between blood group phenotypes (ABO, Rh and Kell) and nCOVID-19 susceptibility – A retrospective observational study.
Authors: Bhandari Sudhir , Shaktawat Ajeet Singh , Tak Amit , Patel Bhoopendra , Shukla Jyotsna , Singhal Sanjay , Gupta Kapil , Gupta Jitendra , Kakkar Shivankan , Dube Amitabh , Dia Sunita , Dia Mahendra , Wehner Todd C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 research has been continued to explore multiple facets of the disease. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between blood group phenotypes and COVID-19 susceptibility. In this hospital based, retrospective observational study 132 COVID-19 patients were enrolled from SMS Medical College and attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India after the proper approval from the institutional ethics committee. The ABO, Rh and Kell blood group phenotypes and demographic data of the patients were recorded. The observed proportions of ‘A’ , ‘B’, ‘AB’, ‘O’, ‘Rh’, and ‘Kell’ blood groups phenotypes in COVID-19 patients were compared against the expected proportions (our null hypothesis) of the general population using multinomial tests and partition analysis. There were significant differences between observed and expected frequency in ABO and Kell blood group phenotypes. Further partition analysis of ABO blood phenotypes showed that the group ‘A’ phenotypes were more susceptible for COVID-19. The Kell negatives were also more susceptible. The blood groups ‘AB’, ‘B’, ‘O’, and ‘Rh’ phenotypes showed no significantly different susceptibility for COVID-19. The study shows relationship between ABO, Rh, and Kell blood group phenotypes and COVID-19 susceptibility. The application of these relationship in clinical practice requires more exploratory studies. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Screening Tool, Epidemiology, Patient Management, Medical Research.
Novel Concepts in Cervical Cancer Screening. A Comparison of VIA, HPV DNA Test and p16ink4a/Ki-67 Dual-Stain Cytology in Western Kenya.
Authors: Orang’o Elkanah Omenge , Were Edwin , Rode Oliver , Muthoka Kapten , Byczkowski Michael , Sartor Heike , Broeck Davy Vanden , Schmidt Dietmar , Reuschenbach Miriam , Doeberitz Magnus von Knebel , Bussmann Hermann 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Screening of unvaccinated women remains essential to mitigate the high morbidity/mortality of cervical cancer. Here, we compared visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), recommended by WHO as the most cost-effective screening approach in LMICs, with HPV-based screening, and usage of p16INK4a/Ki-67 dual stain cytology.Methods: We prospectively enrolled women participating in a VIA-based cervical cancer screening program in two peri-urban health centers of Kenya. Consenting women had a VIA examination preceded by collection of a liquid-based cytology sample from the cervix stored in PreservCyt medium (Hologic®). Analysis of all samples included a hrHPV DNA test and evaluation of a p16 INK4a /Ki-67 (CINtecPLUS®) dual-stained slide that was prepared using the ThinPrep® 2000 Processor and evaluated by a pathologist trained in the methodology.Results: In 701 of a total of 800 women aged 18-64 years, all three investigations were performed and data could be analyzed. The HPV, VIA and dual-stain cytology positivity were 33%, 7%, and 2% respectively. The HPV positivity rate of VIA positive cases was 32%. The five most common HPV types were HPV16, 52, 68, 58 and 35. The OR among HIV infected women of an HPV infection, VIA positivity and positive dual stain cytology were 2.6 (95%CI 1.5-4.3), 1.9 (95%CI 0.89-4.4) and 3.4 (95%CI 1.07-10.9) respectively. The sensitivity of VIA to detect a p16INK4a/Ki-67 positive transforming infection was 13% (95%CI 2-38). Conclusions: Primary HPV testing appears feasible and should be considered as a primary screening test also in LMICs. The poor sensitivity of VIA renders it unsuitable as a triage test for HPV positive women. The utility of p16ink4a/Ki-67 dual-stain cytology as a triage test for HPV positive women in LMICs should be further studied.
Association of Smoking Status with Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Adrish Muhammad , Chilimuri Sridhar , Mantri Nikhitha , Sun Haozhe , Zahid Maleeha , Gongati Sudharsan , Fortuzi Ked , Jog Abhishrut Pramod , Purmessur Pravish , Singhal Ravish 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Smoking causes inflammation of the lung epithelium by releasing cytokines and impairing muco-ciliary clearance. Some studies have linked smoking with severity of illness of COVID-19 whereas others have found no such association.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of all adults hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 09 to May 18, 2020. Results: 1173 patients met the study criteria. 837 patients never smoked and 336 patients were either current smokers or past smoker and were grouped together in smokers group. Patients in smokers group were more likely to be male and had higher incidence of underlying COPD (19% vs. 6%, p<0.001), human immunodeficiency virus infection (11% vs. 5%,p<0.001), cancer (11% vs. 6%, p=0.005), congestive heart failure (15% vs. 8%, p<0.001), coronary artery disease (15% vs. 9%, p=0.027), chronic kidney disease (11% vs. 8%, p=0.037), and end-stage renal disease (10% vs. 6%, p=0.009) compared to non-smokers. Smokers were more likely to develop critical illness requiring mechanical ventilation (47% vs. 37% p=0.005). Univariate Cox model for survival analysis by smoking status showed that smokers only current smokers had higher risk of death compared to never-smokers (HR 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.22–2.12, p<0.001). In the multivariate approach Cox model for the survival, female sex, age, LDH and systemic steroid use were associated with overall survival.Conclusion: In our large single center retrospective database of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, smoking was associated with development of critical illness and higher likelihood of death
Favipiravir versus other antiviral or standard of care for COVID-19 treatment: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shrestha Dhan Bahadur , Budhathoki Pravash , Khadka Sitaram , Shah Prajwol Bikram , Pokharel Nisheem , Rashmi Prama 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus, cause of COVID-19 is an enveloped, RNA virus that utilizes an enzyme RNA dependent RNA polymerase for its replication. Favipiravir (FVP) triphosphate, a purine nucleoside analog, inhibits that enzyme. We have conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis on efficacy and safety of drug FVP as a treatment for COVID-19.
Methods
Databases like Pubmed, Medline, Google Scholar, preprint sites, and clinicaltirals.gov were searched. Studies including FVP along with the standard of care (SOC) were taken in the treatment arm and SOC including other antivirals, and supportive care as control arm. Quantitative synthesis done using RevMan 5.4. Clinical improvement, negative conversion of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), adverse effects, and oxygen requirement were studied.
Results
We identified a total of 824 studies after electronic database searching. Five in qualitative studies and three studies in quantitative synthesis meet the criteria. There was a significant clinical improvement on FVP arms on 14th day compared to control arms (RR 1.41, 1.10–1.80). Clinical deterioration rates was significantly unlikely in FVP group (OR 0.21, 0.08–0.58) at the endpoint of study. The meta-analysis showed no significant differences between two arms on virological clearance (Day 14: RR 1.03, 0.64–1.67), oxygen requirement (OR 0.47, 0.21–1.04), and adverse effects (OR 0.42, 0.03–6.05). There are 25 Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) registered in different parts of the world focusing FVP for COVID-19 treatment.
Conclusion
There is significant clinical and radiological improvement following treatment with FVP in comparison to the standard of care with no significant differences on virological clearance, oxygen support requirement and side effect profile.
IPSE, an Abundant Egg-Secreted Protein of the Carcinogenic Helminth Schistosoma haematobium, Promotes Proliferation of Bladder Cancer Cells and Angiogenesis
Authors: Mbanefo Evaristus C. , Agbo Chinwike Terry , Zhao Yuanlong , Lamanna Olivia K. , Thai Kimberly H. , Karinshak Shannon , Khan Mohammad Afzal , Odegaard Justin , Saltikova Irina , Smout Michael , Pennington Luke , Nicolls Mark , Jardetzky Theodore , Loukas Alex , Brindley Paul , Falcone Franco , Hsieh Michael H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Schistosoma haematobium, the helminth causing urogenital schistosomiasis, is a known bladder carcinogen. Despite the causal link between S. haematobium and bladder cancer, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. S. haematobium oviposition in the bladder is associated with angiogenesis and urothelial hyperplasia. These changes may be pre-carcinogenic events in the bladder. We hypothesized that the Interleukin-4-inducing principle of Schistosoma mansoni eggs (IPSE), an S. haematobium egg-secreted “infiltrin” protein that enters host cell nuclei to alter cellular activity, is sufficient to induce angiogenesis and urothelial hyperplasia.Methods: Mouse bladders injected with S. haematobium eggs were analyzed via microscopy for angiogenesis and urothelial hyperplasia. Endothelial and urothelial cell lines were incubated with recombinant IPSE protein or an IPSE mutant protein that lacks the native nuclear localization sequence (NLS-) and proliferation measured using CFSE staining and real-time monitoring of cell growth. IPSE’s effects on urothelial cell cycle status was assayed through propidium iodide staining. Endothelial and urothelial cell uptake of fluorophore-labeled IPSE was measured. Findings: Injection of S. haematobium eggs into the bladder triggers angiogenesis, enhances leakiness of bladder blood vessels, and drives urothelial hyperplasia. Wild type IPSE, but not NLS-, increases proliferation of endothelial and urothelial cells and skews urothelial cells towards S phase. Finally, IPSE is internalized by both endothelial and urothelial cells. Interpretation: IPSE drives endothelial and urothelial proliferation, which may depend on internalization of the molecule. The urothelial effects of IPSE depend upon its NLS. Thus, IPSE is a candidate pro-carcinogenic molecule of S. haematobium.