bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound echocardiography diagnosis of an atrial myxoma in a child presenting with stroke
Authors: Quinn Nuala , Kalichuran Rohan , Prenderville Terence , McGuinness Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe describe a case of paediatric stroke secondary to atrial myxoma, diagnosed in the Emergency Department by Point‐of‐Care echocardiography. A previously fit and healthy teenage male presented to our paediatric emergency department following a collapse with loss of consciousness. He had suffered a stroke, and had facial paralysis and hemiplegia. His cardiac examination revealed a 3/6 ejection systolic murmur. Whilst his CT was being reported, he had a Point‐of‐Care echocardiogram in the resuscitation room which showed a very large mass arising from the left atrium and occupying >50% of the chamber. A piece of the myxoma had detached and caused the stroke. The patient was rapidly transferred to a cardiac intensive care unit and underwent emergency surgery the same day. His tumour was successfully completely resected, and he has only a mild residual hemiplegia. Cardiac myxoma should be considered in any child who presents with unexplained acute stroke and a cardiac murmur. Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound echocardiography in the Paediatric Emergency Department can be used to make a life‐saving diagnosis, enabling early surgical management and preventing lifelong complications in children.
Dopaminergic Depletion, β‐Amyloid Burden, and Cognition in Lewy Body Disease
Authors: Yoo Han Soo , Lee Sangwon , Chung Seok Jong , Lee Yang Hyun , Lee Phil Hyu , Sohn Young H. , Lee Seungyeoun , Yun Mijin , Ye Byoung Seok 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the association between striatal dopaminergic depletion, cerebral β‐amyloid deposition, and cognitive dysfunction in Lewy body disease (LBD).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited 48 LBD patients (30 with dementia, 18 with mild cognitive impairment) and 15 control subjects from a university‐based hospital. We measured the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) activity and regional β‐amyloid burden using N‐(3‐[18F]fluoropropyl)‐2β‐carbon ethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl) nortropane (FP‐CIT) positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F‐florbetaben (FBB) PET, respectively. The relationship between striatal FP‐CIT uptake, regional cortical FBB uptake, and cognitive function scores was evaluated using path analyses. We also investigated the effects of striatal FP‐CIT uptake and cortical FBB uptake on the interval between motor symptom and dementia onset.ResultsReduced striatal FP‐CIT uptake was associated with increased FBB uptake in the posterior cortical regions, most prominently in the occipital cortices. Reduced FP‐CIT uptake in the anterior putamen was associated with visuospatial dysfunction with mediation of increased occipital FBB uptake. Reduced FP‐CIT uptake in the posterior putamen and an increased parietal FBB uptake were independently associated with memory dysfunction. Reduced striatal FP‐CIT uptake was associated with attention, language, and frontal/executive dysfunction, independent of amyloid deposition. Increased FBB uptake, especially in the parietal cortex, was associated with earlier onset of dementia.InterpretationOur results suggest that occipital β‐amyloid deposition may contribute to the association between striatal dopaminergic depletion and visuospatial dysfunction in LBD patients. Although the effects of reduced DAT activity are more prominent than those of β‐amyloid burden on cognitive dysfunction, the latter affects the onset of cognitive dysfunction. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:739–750
Supramolecular Phthalocyanine Assemblies for Improved Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Li Xingshu , Park Eun‐Yeong , Kang Youngnam , Kwon Nahyun , Yang Mengyao , Lee Seunghyun , Kim Won Jong , Kim Chulhong , Yoon Juyoung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhototheranostic nanoplatforms are of particular interest for cancer diagnosis and imaging‐guided therapy. Herein, we develop a supramolecular approach to fabricate a nanostructured phototheranostic agent through the direct self‐assembly of two water‐soluble phthalocyanine derivatives, PcS4 and PcN4. The nature of the molecular recognition between PcS4 and PcN4 facilitates the formation of nanostructure (PcS4‐PcN4) and consequently enables the fabrication of PcS4‐PcN4 with completely quenched fluorescence and reduced singlet oxygen generation, leading to the high photoacoustic and photothermal activity of PcS4‐PcN4. In vivo evaluations suggest that PcS4‐PcN4 could not only efficiently visualize a tumor with high contrast through whole‐body photoacoustic imaging but also enable excellent photothermal therapy for cancer.
Hydrogel‐Immobilized Coacervate Droplets as Modular Microreactor Assemblies
Authors: Liu Jianbo , Tian Liangfei , Qiao Yan , Zhou Shaohong , Patil Avinash J. , Wang Kemin , Li Mei , Mann Stephen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImmobilization of compartmentalized microscale objects in 3D hydrogels provides a step towards the modular assembly of soft functional materials with tunable architectures and distributed functionalities. Herein, we report the use of a combination of micro‐compartmentalization, immobilization, and modularization to fabricate and assemble hydrogel‐based microreactor assemblies comprising millions of functionalized polysaccharide–polynucleotide coacervate droplets. The heterogeneous hydrogels can be structurally fused by interfacial crosslinking and coupled as input and output modules to implement a UV‐induced photocatalytic/peroxidation nanoparticle/DNAzyme reaction cascade that generates a spatiotemporal fluorescence read‐out depending on the droplet number density, intensity of photoenergization, and chemical flux. Our approach offers a route to heterogeneous hydrogels with endogenous reactivity and reconfigurable architecture, and provides a step towards the development of soft modular materials with programmable functionality.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of anti‐Vicinal Silylboronates by Conjunctive Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Meng Yan , Kong Ziyin , Morken James P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChiral 1,2‐bimetallic reagents are useful motifs in synthetic chemistry. Although syn‐1,2‐bimetallic compounds can be prepared by alkene dimetallation, anti‐1,2‐bimetallics are still rare. The stereospecific 1,2‐metallate shift that occurs during conjunctive cross‐coupling is shown to enable a practical and modular approach to the catalytic synthesis of enantioenriched anti‐1,2‐borosilanes. In addition to reaction development, the synthetic utility of anti‐1,2‐borosilanes was investigated, including applications to the synthesis of anti‐1,2‐diols and anti‐1,2‐amino alcohols
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Haloalkynylation of Aryl Alkynes: Two Pathways, One Goal
Authors: Kreuzahler Mathis , Haberhauer Gebhard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHaloalkynylation reactions provide an efficient method for the simultaneous introduction of a halogen atom and an acetylenic unit. For the first time, we report a gold(I)‐catalyzed haloalkynylation of aryl alkynes that delivers exclusively the cis addition product. This method enables the simple synthesis of conjugated and halogenated enynes in yields of up to 90 %. Notably, quantum chemical calculations reveal an exceptional interplay between the place of the attack at the chloroacetylene: No matter which C−C bond is formed, the same enyne product is always formed. This is only possible through rearrangement of the corresponding skeleton. Hereby, one reaction pathway proceeds via a chloronium ion with a subsequent aryl shift; in the second case the corresponding vinyl cation is stabilized by a 1,3‐chlorine shift. 13C‐labeling experiments confirmed that the reaction proceeds through both reaction pathways.
Renewable Aliphatic Polyesters from Fatty Dienes by Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polycondensation
Authors: Moser Bryan R. , Vermillion Karl E. , Banks Benetria N. , Doll Kenneth M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThree renewable, linear, aliphatic polyesters were prepared by Acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of α,ω‐dienes derived from fatty acids. Condensation of 9‐decenoic acid with allyl 9‐decenoate, ethylene glycol, and 9‐decen‐1‐ol proceeded in high conversion (≥94%) and purity (>99%) to give α,ω‐dienes suitable for subsequent polycondensation. Polymerization was achieved using 1.0 mol% Hoveyda‐Grubbs second‐generation metathesis catalyst in combination with 2.0 mol% 2,6‐dichloro‐1,4‐benzoquinone as an isomerization inhibitor under vacuum to drive equilibria toward polymer formation via ethene removal. Polymerization in the presence of solvent promoted ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) at the expense of polymer, with cyclization increasing as the concentration of monomer decreased. Thus, ADMET polymerizations were performed in bulk to mitigate RCM. The resulting polymers with M
n and Ð that ranged from 6.6 to 8.9 kDa and 1.75–2.14, respectively, contained 76% or more of renewable carbon content and exhibited atom and carbon economies of greater than 84%. Melt (T
m) and crystallization (T
c) temperatures were 20.8–48.4 °C and 3.8–37.6 °C, respectively, and increased as ester density decreased within polymer structures. Sub‐ambient glass transitions ranged from −10.3 to −50.0 °C. Lastly, the polymers were thermally stable below 320 °C, as 10% mass loss (T10) occurred above 340 °C, which indicated that they existed as liquids for at least 319 °C (T10 − T
m) before decomposing.
The utilization of synthesis gas for the deoxygenation of cyclohexanone over alumina‐supported catalysts: Screening catalysts
Authors: Bakhtyari Ali , Sakhayi Adele , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza , Raeissi Sona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnvironmental regulations motivate the industries to replace conventional fuels and chemicals by those produced from biomass. In this regard, hydrodeoxygenation of lignin compounds is of a great deal of attention. Synthesis gas could be utilized instead of pure hydrogen for the cleavage of oxygen‐containing chemical bonds through hydrodeoxygenation. Following this, the utilization of synthesis gas is investigated in the present contribution. A wide range of commercial alumina‐supported catalysts is investigated. The experimental results of cyclohexanone hydrodeoxygenation in the presence of pure hydrogen and synthesis gas at 573 K and 20 bar of total pressure are presented and discussed. The whole investigated catalysts show good activity toward the hydrodeoxygenation of cyclohexanone. Methylatedbenzene derivatives are produced from cyclohexanone hydrodeoxygenation for the first time. The catalysts composed of platinum showed the best performance. By utilizing a chlorinated platinum catalyst, 89.6% cyclohexanone conversion, 100% total hydrocarbon selectivity, and 44.6% total hydrocarbon yield are obtained. In the case of syngas‐assisted hydrodeoxygenation, 80.1% cyclohexanone conversion, 100% total hydrocarbon selectivity, and 29.6% total hydrocarbon yield are obtained by utilizing the same catalyst. The presence of methylated aromatics proves the accomplishment of methanation or direct aromatization reactions in the presence of carbon oxides and hydrogen.
Artisanal fishing activities and their documented interactions with juvenile white sharks inside a nursery area
Authors: García‐Rodríguez Emiliano , Sosa‐Nishizaki Oscar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Juvenile white sharks distribute in coastal nursery areas, which are essential for population growth. Bahía Sebastián Vizcaíno (BSV), Mexico, is a white shark nursery area in the north‐eastern Pacific. Despite existing regulations forbidding the capture of white sharks, incidental catches still occur in some areas.
Artisanal fisheries constitute one of the most important economic activities in BSV, yet no formal description of either these fisheries or the incidental catch of juvenile white sharks exists due to the poor data reporting system, thus preventing a clear understanding of the implications of these catches for the white shark population of the north‐eastern Pacific.
Artisanal fishing activities and their interactions with juvenile white sharks in BSV are described based on fishermen's knowledge. Artisanal fisheries in BSV are multi‐specific, targeting mostly bottom‐related species (e.g. white seabass and California halibut) that are also common prey for juvenile white sharks. These activities are the only source of income for the majority of fishermen in BSV and are conducted throughout the year, with gillnets being the main fishing gear.
White sharks are incidentally caught in bottom gillnets mainly during the summer, although another peak in incidental catch was recorded during winter, possibly related to the presence of juvenile white sharks from California, USA. The most common size of juvenile white sharks incidentally caught was <2 m in the nearshore areas close to the mouth of the Ojo de Liebre Lagoon; larger juveniles (~3 m) were caught in areas near Cedros, Natividad, and San Benito Islands.
The multi‐specific nature of BSV artisanal fisheries and their socio‐economic value, and the high post‐release survival of juvenile white sharks suggest that future regulatory actions should focus on the release of incidentally caught live juvenile white sharks and the involvement of the BSV fishing community to increase the effectiveness of management efforts.
Quercetin alleviates hyperthyroidism‐induced liver damage via Nrf2 Signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Pengxin , Hu Zhigang , Ma Weiyuan , Zang Leilei , Tian Zhisheng , Hou Qian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuercetin is a plant flavonoid and has antioxidative properties. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of quercetin on thyroid dysfunction in L‐thyroxin (LT4)‐induced hyperthyroidism rats. LT4 was used to prepare the experimental hyperthyroidism model via the intraperitoneal injection. Quercetin was injected at a series doses (5, 50, and 100 mg/kg) to LT4‐induced hypothyroidism rats once a day for 14 days. The body weight and food intake were measured once a week. The levels of thyroid hormones, liver function, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant markers were measured using commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was used to observe the thyroid tissue histological changes. The levels of nuclear and total nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined by western blot. The liver oxidative stress markers in LT4‐induced hyperthyroidism Nrf2 knockout rats were determined to evaluate the role of Nrf2 on quercetin induced protective effects. LT4 administration increased the levels of serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine, activity of oxidative stress markers with a parallel decrease in antioxidant markers and Nrf2. However, the simultaneous administration of quercetin, reversed all these effects indicating its potential in the regulation of hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, the loss function of Nrf2 diminished these effects resulting from the quercetin application, indicating the inhibitory effects caused by the quercetin may be involved in Nrf2 signaling pathway. These results indicate that quercetin could be used to protect against experimental hyperthyroidism‐induced liver damage via Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Expanding and understanding the CRISPR toolbox for Bacillus subtilis with MAD7 and dMAD7
Authors: Price Marcus A. , Cruz Rita , Bryson James , Escalettes Franck , Rosser Susan J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe CRISPR‐Cas9 system has become increasingly popular for genome engineering across all fields of biological research, including in the Gram‐positive model organism Bacillus subtilis. A major drawback for the commercial use of Cas9 is the IP landscape requiring a license for its use, as well as reach‐through royalties on the final product. Recently an alternative CRISPR nuclease, free to use for industrial R&D, MAD7 was released by Inscripta (CO). Here we report the first use of MAD7 for gene editing in B. subtilis, in which editing rates of 93% and 100% were established. Additionally, we engineer the first reported catalytically inactive MAD7 (dMAD7) variant (D877A, E962A, and D1213A) and demonstrate its utility for CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) at up to 71.3% reduction of expression at single and multiplexed target sites within B. subtilis. We also confirm the CRISPR‐based editing mode of action in B. subtilis providing evidence that the nuclease‐mediated DNA double‐strand break acts as a counterselection mechanism after homologous recombination of the donor DNA.
A new twist on the graduate student journal club: Using a topic‐centered approach to promote student engagement
Authors: Bimczok Diane , Graves John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractJournal clubs are widely used as an educational tool in graduate life science programs. In journal clubs, students are assigned to read specific journal articles to achieve a broad knowledge in their field of study and to gain competence in reading and assessing scientific publications. However, students often show low motivation to read assigned articles, and under‐prepared students contribute little to in‐class discussions. In order to promote student engagement in graduate‐level journal clubs, we used an inverted, student‐centered format that focuses on a scientific question or topic rather than specific publications. Both the weekly topics and the scientific publications were selected by the students and focused on aspects of the students' thesis research. For each weekly topic, students were asked to find papers, read the papers and summarize the findings during class, which led to the presentation of a variety of approaches and viewpoints. This approach trained students in literature search, focused reading and oral presentation skills and provided a broad overview of the research in the selected topic areas. Student feedback showed a high level of acceptance of the new format. We propose this inverted journal club format as a useful alternative to traditional formats, because it focuses on a different scientific skill set and leads to increased student engagement through its student‐centered approach.
Utilizing the Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon and Dental Implant Anchorage for Distalization and Intrusion of a Mesially Tipped Mandibular Molar: A Case Report
Authors: Vargas Anthony A. , Bruin Daniel B. , Stewart Michael J. , Wilding Jake T. , Dunham Daniel D. , Weber Diana W. , Johnson Thomas M. 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionIntroduction of a surgical insult in conjunction with orthodontic therapy has been shown to accelerate treatment in minor tooth movement and comprehensive orthodontic cases by induction of the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP). When applying this concept to a molar tipped into an adjacent edentulous site, a dental implant can be planned to anchor the movement.Case PresentationA generally and periodontally healthy 25‐year‐old patient presented missing tooth #19, with tooth #18 mesially tipped into the first molar crown space. A dental implant was placed in the #19 position. Following osseointegration, the implant anchored orthodontic movement of the adjacent tooth, which was initiated in conjunction with third molar extraction.ConclusionFavorable biomechanics for molar uprighting can be achieved using an osseointegrated implant and a customized orthodontic device. The presented technique facilitates implant site development without delaying placement of the fixture and simplifies fabrication of a harmonious and anatomic implant‐supported restoration. Induction of the RAP may hasten treatment completion.
Slender versus conventional approach reduces post‐procedural upper extremity dysfunction after transradial coronary procedures
Authors: Amoroso Giovanni , van der Brug Sander , Franx Valerie , van Dullemen Anneleen , van der Vecht‐Kroeze Gerda , van Duinen Mieke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsWe compared the incidence of post‐procedural radial artery occlusion (RAO) and upper extremity dysfunction (UED), in patients undergoing conventional versus slender transradial (TRA) coronary procedures.Methods and resultsUED was assessed by the QuickDASH, before conventional (i.e., ≥6F) and slender (i.e., “virtual” 3F to 5F) procedures, after 2 weeks and 2 months. RAO was assessed by Duplex in patients with an abnormal reversed Barbeau test (RBT). A total of 212 patients were included, UED after 2 weeks was 12%, and after 2 months 7% (p = <.001). RAO occurred in 3%. Multivariate analysis showed an OR of 0.26 (CI0.08–0.84) for UED at 2 weeks (p = .03) in favor of slender TRA. In patients with RAO, UED did not improve at 2 months (2/5, 40%, p = .046).ConclusionsThe occurrence of UED after TRA procedures is temporary except for patients with RAO. Slender TRA seems able to reduce short term UED.
Phasic pressure measurements for coronary and valvular interventions using fluid‐filled catheters: Errors, automated correction, and clinical implications
Authors: Johnson Daniel T. , Fournier Stephane , Kirkeeide Richard L. , De Bruyne Bernard , Gould K. Lance , Johnson Nils P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to develop an automatic method for correcting common errors in phasic pressure tracings for physiology‐guided interventions on coronary and valvular stenosis.BackgroundEffective coronary and valvular interventions rely on accurate hemodynamic assessment. Phasic (subcycle) indexes remain intrinsic to valvular stenosis and are emerging for coronary stenosis. Errors, corrections, and clinical implications of fluid‐filled catheter phasic pressure assessments have not been assessed in the current era of ubiquitous, high‐fidelity pressure wire sensors.MethodsWe recruited patients undergoing invasive coronary physiology assessment. Phasic aortic pressure signals were recorded simultaneously using a fluid‐filled guide catheter and 0.014″ pressure wire before and after standard calibration as well as after pullback. We included additional subjects undergoing hemodynamic assessment before and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Using the pressure wire as reference standard, we developed an automatic algorithm to match phasic pressures.ResultsRemoving pressure offset and temporal shift produced the largest improvements in root mean square (RMS) error between catheter and pressure wire signals. However, further optimization <1 mmHg RMS error was possible by accounting for differential gain and the oscillatory behavior of the fluid‐filled guide. The impact of correction was larger for subcycle (like systole or diastole) versus whole‐cycle metrics, indicating a key role for valvular stenosis and emerging coronary pressure ratios.ConclusionsWhen calibrating phasic aortic pressure signals using a pressure wire, correction requires these parameters: offset, timing, gain, and oscillations (frequency and damping factor). Automatically eliminating common errors may improve some clinical decisions regarding physiology‐based intervention.