bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring records of typhoon variability in eastern China over the past 2000 years
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhou Liang , Normandeau Alexandre , Jia Jianjun , Yin Qijun , Wang Ya Ping , Shi Benwei , Gao Lei , Gao Shu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHow climate controls tropical cyclone variability has critical implications for modern human society but is not well understood due to the short length of observational records. To probe this knowledge gap, we present a synthesis of intense typhoon activity from the northwestern Pacific over the past 2000 years, which is supported by a new, well-resolved tidal flat sedimentary record from the Jiangsu coast, eastern China. The record reveals nine intervals of typhoon frequency, indicating that the frequency of intense typhoons has varied on multi-centennial scales over the past 2000 years. Our synthesis shows strong evidence for a seesaw pattern of intense typhoon frequency between southeastern China and Japan and Korea. This pattern can be explained by the El Niño and Southern Oscillation–East Asian Monsoon–sea surface temperature hypothesis, which potentially explains the basin-wide typhoon climate in the northwestern Pacific region. A shift in typhoon activity was identified from 550–280 to 280–50 yr B.P. during the Little Ice Age, when typhoon activity changed from active to quiescent or vice versa. Centennial-scale shifts in Intertropical Convergence Zone and Western Pacific Warm Pool sea surface temperature are likely to be the primary forcing mechanisms driving this shift. Results obtained here provide links between typhoon activity and the El Niño and Southern Oscillation, the East Asian Monsoon, and the Western Pacific Warm Pool sea surface temperature, and therefore improve our ability to fully assess intense typhoon activity in future climate warming.
Radiative corrections for the decay $$\varSigma ^0\rightarrow \varLambda e^+e^-$$
Authors: Husek Tomáš , Leupold Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectromagnetic form factors serve to explore the intrinsic structure of nucleons and their strangeness partners. With electron scattering at low energies the electromagnetic moments and radii of nucleons can be deduced. The corresponding experiments for hyperons are limited because of the unstable nature of the hyperons. Only for one process this turns to an advantage: the decay of the neutral Sigma hyperon to a Lambda hyperon and a real or virtual photon. Due to limited phase space the effects caused by the Sigma-to-Lambda transition form factors compete with the QED radiative corrections for the decay $$\varSigma ^0\rightarrow \varLambda e^+e^-$$Σ0→Λe+e-. These QED corrections are addressed in the present work, evaluated beyond the soft-photon approximation, i.e., over the whole range of the Dalitz plot and with no restrictions on the energy of the radiative photon.
Dimensional schemes for cross sections at NNLO
Authors: Gnendiger C. , Signer A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSo far, the use of different variants of dimensional regularization has been investigated extensively for two-loop virtual corrections. We extend these studies to real corrections that are also required for a complete computation of physical cross sections at next-to-next-to-leading order. As a case study we consider two-jet production in electron-positron annihilation and describe how to compute the various parts separately in different schemes. In particular, we verify that using dimensional reduction the double-real corrections are obtained simply by integrating the four-dimensional matrix element over the phase space. In addition, we confirm that the cross section is regularization-scheme independent.
Measuring and mitigating behavioural segregation using Call Detail Records
Authors: Rhoads Daniel , Serrano Ivan , Borge-Holthoefer Javier , Solé-Ribalta Albert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe overwhelming amounts of data we generate in our daily routine and in social networks has been crucial for the understanding of various social and economic factors. The use of this data represents a low-cost alternative source of information in parallel to census data and surveys. Here, we advocate for such an approach to assess and alleviate the segregation of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Using a large dataset of mobile phone records provided by Turkey’s largest mobile phone service operator, Türk Telekom, in the frame of the Data 4 Refugees project, we define, analyse and optimise inter-group integration as it relates to the communication patterns of two segregated populations: refugees living in Turkey and the local Turkish population. Our main hypothesis is that making these two communities more similar (in our case, in terms of behaviour) may increase the level of positive exposure between them, due to the well-known sociological principle of homophily. To achieve this, working from the records of call and SMS origins and destinations between and among both populations, we develop an extensible, statistically-solid, and reliable framework to measure the differences between the communication patterns of two groups. In order to show the applicability of our framework, we assess how house mixing strategies, in combination with public and private investment, may help to overcome segregation. We first identify the districts of the Istanbul province where refugees and local population communication patterns differ in order to then utilise our framework to improve the situation. Our results show potential in this regard, as we observe a significant reduction of segregation while limiting, in turn, the consequences in terms of rent increase.
Chuanxiong (Rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong) Protects Ovariectomized Hyperlipidemic Rats from Bone Loss
Authors: Dong Xiao-Li , Yu Wen-Xuan , Li Chun-Mei , Zhou Li-Ping , Wong Man-Sau 
Published: March 2020

Oxidative stress (OS) is the common mechanism for age-related diseases. The co-occurrence of osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women makes it warranted to find a holistic approach for treatment of multiple diseases or conditions. The rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (CX), which has high anti-oxidant properties and is widely used for CVD treatment in China, might be the potential candidate. In the present study, CX ethanol extract (CXE) was applied to H2O2 induced MG63 cells to study its effects and mechanisms on osteoblastogenesis against OS. CXE was then administered to six-month-old Sprague Dawley sham or ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed either a low saturated fat-sucrose (LFS) or a high fat-sucrose (HFS) diet for 12 weeks, to confirm its anti-osteoporotic effects. The results demonstrated that CXE directly improved proliferation and differentiation in vitro in an H2O2-induced osteoblast cell model by attenuating cellular reactive oxygen species levels and inhibiting osteoblast apoptosis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CXE significantly improved bone properties as revealed by the increase in trabecular bone mineral density and decrease in trabecular separation at proximal metaphysis of the tibia (PT) in HFS-fed OVX rats but not in LFS-fed OVX rats. CXE ameliorated dyslipidemia, greatly reduced lipid deposition and malondialdehyde levels, improved activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the livers of HFS-fed OVX rats. In conclusion, CXE could favor osteoblastogenesis against OS. The ability of CXE to reduce bone loss in HFS-fed OVX rats was associated with its abilities to correct dyslipidemia, and reduce lipid deposition and OS levels.
On the Theory of a Nonlinear Dynamic Circuit Filtering
Authors: Bhatt Dhruvi S. , Nagarsheth Shaival H. , Sharma Shambhu N. 
Published: March 2020

Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs) describe physical systems to account for random forcing terms in the evolution of the state trajectory. The noisy sampling mixer, a component of digital wireless communications, can be regarded as a potential case from the dynamical systems’ viewpoint. The universality of the noisy sampling mixer is attributed to the fact that it adopts the structure of a nonlinear SDE and its linearized version becomes a time-varying bilinear SDE. This paper develops a mathematical theory for the nonlinear noisy sampling mixer from the filtering viewpoint. Since the filtering of stochastic systems hinges on the structure of dynamical systems and observation equation set up, we consider three ‘filtering models’. The first model, accounts for a nonlinear SDE coupled with a nonlinear observation equation. In the second model, we consider a bilinear SDE with a linear observation equation to achieve the nonlinear sampling filtering. Note that the bilinear SDE coupled with the linear observation is a consequence of the Carleman linearization to the nonlinear SDE and the nonlinear observation equation. In the third model, we consider a Stratonovich SDE coupled with a nonlinear observation equation. The filtering equation of this paper can be further utilized to guide the design process of the noisy sampling mixer.
Subduction of an extinct rift and its role in the formation of submarine landslides in NW South America
Authors: Vargas Carlos A. , Gutiérrez Gustavo A. , Sarmiento Gustavo A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

On the eastern margin of the Panama Basin, the Nazca oceanic plate converges towards the continental plate of South America at approximately 53 mm a
−1
. Subduction processes are accompanied by the presence of anomalous bathymetric elements including the Sandra Ridge. This east–west-orientated ridge is catalogued as an aborted rift derived from a magmatic spreading axis that was active between 12 and 9 Ma. Seismic activity within this structure is considered evidence of fault reactivation and tectonism. Once the structure reached the subduction trench several submarine landslides were triggered. Run-out lengths of these submarine landslides are perpendicular to the convergence of the structure with some units spreading and forming a wide fan that reaches tens of kilometres to the north and south of the trench. The area affected by the three main landslides varies between 130 and 300 km
2
approximately, with relatively superficial earthquakes (<33 km) and with magnitudes that reach up to M
w
7.2. The morphology of the landslides suggests a retrogressive nature with younger events proximal to shore. This paper presents estimates of the age of these landslides and discusses sources of uncertainty regarding these times of occurrence.
Influence of multiparity on sympathetic nerve activity during normal pregnancy
Authors: Badrov Mark B. , Yoo Jeung-Ki , Steinback Craig D. , Davenport Margie H. , Fu Qi 
Published: March 2020

Recent evidence suggests an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease development in multiparous women. Therefore, we investigated the effects of multiparity on within-pregnancy sympathetic neural regulation in normotensive, pregnant women. We retrospectively analyzed heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; n = 8) data from 10 women whom participated in microneurographic research studies during two sequential pregnancies (i.e., PREG1 and PREG2). There was no difference in resting BP between pregnancies ( P > 0.05), whereas HR trended higher in PREG2 versus PREG1 ( P = 0.06). MSNA burst frequency was greater in PREG2 versus PREG1 after adjusting for age (32 ± 12 vs. 22 ± 12 bursts/min; P = 0.049), whereas burst incidence did not differ (40 ± 16 vs. 34 ± 17 bursts/100 heartbeats; P = 0.21). Sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity was not different between PREG1 and PREG2 ( P > 0.05). Our results may highlight a possible role of altered within-pregnancy sympathetic neural regulation in the observed relationship in women between parity and future cardiovascular disease risk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects of multiparity on within-pregnancy sympathetic neural regulation. We observed augmented muscle sympathetic nerve activity in women’s second studied pregnancy versus their first. Conversely, blood pressure and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity did not differ, whereas a trend for increased heart rate was observed. Our results highlight a possible role of altered within-pregnancy sympathetic neural regulation in the relationship between increased parity and cardiovascular disease development.
Normative data and the influence of age and sex on microcirculatory function in a middle-aged cohort: results from the SCAPIS study
Authors: Jonasson Hanna , Bergstrand Sara , Fredriksson Ingemar , Larsson Marcus , Östgren Carl Johan , Strömberg Tomas 
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to assess normative values for comprehensive forearm skin microcirculatory function: oxygen saturation, tissue fraction of red blood cells (RBCs), and speed-resolved perfusion. Furthermore, to examine the influence of age and sex on microcirculatory function. Measurements were performed using a noninvasive probe-based system, including diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and laser-Doppler flowmetry, yielding output data in absolute units. The study was conducted within the Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS) and included 1,765 men and women aged 50–65 yr from the Linköping general population. Normative values are given at baseline, at the end of a 5-min occlusion of the brachial artery and during hyperemia after occlusion release. We found a consistent age distribution, in which the oldest individuals had the lowest peak oxygen saturation ( P < 0.001) and the highest baseline low-speed perfusion ( P < 0.001). Women had higher peak oxygen saturation ( P < 0.001), lower RBC tissue fraction, in general ( P < 0.001), lower baseline perfusion in all speed regions ( P = 0.01), and lower peak high-speed perfusion at hyperemia ( P < 0.001). The normative data can be used as reference values in future studies of disease-specific populations. The results show that age and sex are important aspects to consider in studies of microvascular function. Women and younger age were factors associated with higher peak oxygen saturation after ischemia. This is a novel parameter that reflects overall microcirculatory function associated with vascular dilation capacity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study expands experimental microcirculatory research to clinical use by providing normative values on microcirculatory function in a large population-based cohort. Women and younger age were factors associated with higher peak oxygen saturation after ischemia, which implies that age and sex are important aspects to consider in studies of microvascular function. This study is the first step toward using microcirculatory assessment as a tool to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment in disease-specific populations.
Non-sterilizing Hysterectomies? A Catholic Critique of the CDF
Authors: Schulz Joshua , Hamant William 
Published: March 2020

In 2019, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) issued a statement that a woman could morally undergo a hysterectomy to avoid serial miscarriages if her uterus were incapable of sustaining a child until viability because the procedure would not constitute a direct sterilization. We believe the CDF’s conclusion and line of argumentation are both mistaken. Since the proposed hysterectomy seeks to make impossible what is presently possible—conceiving a child—it must therefore constitute a direct sterilization, which the Church has long taught is immoral. Using the Principle of Totality, we offer and defend a more straightforward interpretation of the case, arguing that while the woman’s condition is both tragic and chronic, spiritual counseling and training in natural family planning should be recommended, as a hysterectomy is not medically indicated in this case. Summary: The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF)'s recently issued a statement claiming that a woman could morally undergo a hysterectomy to avoid serial miscarriages if her uterus were incapable of sustaining a child until viability on the grounds that the procedure would not constitute a direct sterilization. We argue this is mistaken, and that the procedure would constitute a direct sterilization.
Analyzing the thermal and hygral behavior of wool and its impact on fabric dimensional stability for wool processing and garment manufacturing
Authors: Zhou Qi , Wang Wuchao , Zhang Yanyun , Hurren Christopher J , Li Qing 
Published: March 2020

Wool is one of the most moisture sensitive natural fibers. This paper investigated changes of wool fiber diameter, fabric dimensions and fabric dimensional properties, as a function of moisture regain, temperature and pH. Experiments were conducted on fabrics with different weave structures as well as on fabrics with and without a permanent set. Results showed that the fabrics tended to contract when they were subjected to increased temperature at saturated regain. The degree of contraction appeared to depend on the weave structure of the fabrics and permanent setting treatments. Dimensions of the wool fabrics were also found to be dependent on the pH. Greater fabric dimensions were observed at pH 7.2 than at pH 2.1. The contraction effect was almost reversible when unset fabric samples were measured in pH 2.1. The reasons for the changes of dimensional property were analyzed in terms of changes in wool fiber swelling, yarn crimp and polymer relaxation phenomena with changes in regain, temperature and pH. Industrial implications from outcomes of this research to practical wool processing are discussed in the paper.
Intra-parotid lymph node metastasis in patients with non-cutaneous head and neck cancers: clinical and imaging features for differentiation from simultaneous parotid primary tumor
Authors: Kim Hye Jeong , Yoon Dae Young , Hong Ji Hyun , Yun Eun Joo , Baek Sora , Kim Eun Soo , Park Min Woo , Kwon Kee Hwan 
Published: March 2020

Background Although uncommon, intra-parotid lymph node (IPLN) metastasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of parotid masses in patients with head and neck cancers. Purpose To compare the clinical and imaging features of IPLN metastases from head and neck cancers and simultaneous parotid primary tumors. Material and Methods A retrospective review of 2199 patients with non-parotid head and neck cancers revealed 63 patients who also underwent parotidectomy during curative resection of head and neck cancer. After exclusion of direct extension to the parotid gland from adjacent primary tumors (n = 12) and IPLN metastases from skin cancer (n = 5), the final study group was composed of 46 patients, including 26 (1.2%) with 33 IPLN metastases and 20 (0.9%) with 24 simultaneous parotid primary tumors. We compared clinical features of patients (sex, age, site of primary tumor, histologic type, history of prior treatment for malignancy, TNM stages, side of parotid lesion, multiplicity, and metastasis in ipsilateral cervical LNs) and the CT (location in parotid gland, maximum dimension, margins, and central necrosis or cystic change) and 18F-FDG PET/CT (maximum standardized uptake value) findings. Results Ipsilateral level II LN metastasis was more frequent in the IPLN metastasis group than in the simultaneous parotid primary tumor group (73.1% vs. 35.0%, P < 0.05). Imaging features such as location in parotid gland, maximum dimension, margins, central necrosis or cystic change, and maximum standardized uptake value showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion CT and PET/CT findings of IPLN metastasis are indistinguishable from simultaneous parotid primary tumor in patients with head and neck cancers.
Bilateral Boston keratoprosthesis type 1 in a case of severe Mooren’s ulcer
Authors: Jerez-Peña Marta , Salvador-Culla Borja , de la Paz María F , Barraquer Rafael I 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Mooren’s ulcer is a painful, inflammatory chronic keratitis that affects corneal periphery, progressing centripetally, ultimately ending in perforation. The first line of treatment includes systemic immunomodulators, with surgery being the last option. We present a case of bilateral Boston keratoprosthesis implantation for severe Mooren’s ulcer that responded differently in each eye. Clinical case: A 32-year-old male with corneal opacification, anterior staphylomas, vision of hand movement, was started on systemic immunosuppression with cyclosporine. After two failed penetrating keratoplasties in each eye, high intraocular pressure despite diode cyclophotocoagulation, and cystic macular edema, we performed Boston keratoprosthesis type 1 in both eyes. The right eye responded initially well, with a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/80 and normal intraocular pressure. The left eye presented high intraocular pressure, which required cyclophotocoagulation, ultimately resulting in hypotony. Boston keratoprosthesis was performed but had peripheral corneal necrosis that progressed despite amniotic membrane transplantation and aggressive intensive treatment with medroxyprogesterone, autologous platelet-rich-in-growth-factors eye drops, and oral doxycycline. Thus, replacement of the semi-exposed Boston keratoprosthesis with tectonic penetrating keratoplasty was necessary. However, both eyes developed phthisis bulbi with final visual acuity of perception of light with poor localization. Conclusion: Mainstay treatment of Mooren’s ulcer is systemic immunomodulation. Surgical treatment must be considered only when risk of perforation, preferably with inflammation under control. Penetrating keratoplasty frequently fails, and Boston keratoprosthesis may be a viable option. However, postoperative complications, especially uncontrolled high intraocular pressure, corneal necrosis, and recurrence of Mooren’s ulcer may jeopardize the outcomes and need to be addressed promptly with intensive topical and systemic treatment.
Effects of passive music therapy on anxiety and vital signs in lung cancer patients undergoing peripherally inserted central catheter placement procedure
Authors: Mou Qianqian , Wang Xiuyun , Xu Huiqiong , Liu Xia , Li Junying 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of passive music therapy on anxiety and vital signs among lung cancer patients at their first peripherally inserted central catheter placement procedure in China. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in the cancer center of a hospital in Chengdu from May to December 2017. A total of 304 lung cancer patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited and randomly assigned to experimental ( n = 152) and control ( n = 152) group, respectively. The control group only received standard care, while the experimental group received standard care and passive music therapy during peripherally inserted central catheter placement (30–45 min) and after catheterization, until discharged from the hospital (twice a day, 30 min once). Measures include anxiety and vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate). Results: Repetitive measurement and analysis of variance showed that the patients in experimental group had a statistically significant decrease in anxiety, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate over time compared to the control group, but no significant difference was identified in systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate. Conclusion: Passive music therapy can efficiently relieve the anxiety of lung cancer patients during peripherally inserted central catheter placement. It also can lower the patient’s diastolic blood pressure and slow down the heart rate. So, music therapy benefits patients with peripherally inserted central catheter.