bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Pyrotinib plus Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy for Stage I–III HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Xuhong Juncheng , Qi Xiaowei , Tang Peng , Fan Linjun , Chen Li , Zhang Fan , Tan Xuanni , Yan Wenting , Zhong Ling , He Cheng , Liang Yan , Ren Lin , Wang Minghao , Zhang Yi , Jiang Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLessons LearnedThis is the first trial to explore the neoadjuvant therapy of pyrotinib in HER2-positive operable and locally advanced breast cancer, in combination with epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel plus trastuzumab. Results primarily showed that pyrotinib in combination with epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel plus trastuzumab was effective and safe in HER2-positive operable and locally advanced breast cancer. A subsequent randomized controlled trial is still warranted to confirm these results.BackgroundThe efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy of pyrotinib, a new irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), was first estimated in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer in this phase II study, in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy.MethodsBetween February 19, 2019, and November 20, 2019, 20 female Chinese patients with stage I–III HER2-positive breast cancer were assigned to receive eight cycles of neoadjuvant pyrotinib (P) in combination with four cycles of epirubicin (E) and cyclophosphamide (C) followed by four cycles of docetaxel (T) and trastuzumab (H), once every 3 weeks, referred to as P + EC-TH.ResultsA total of 19 patients completed the therapy and final surgery. The total pathological complete response (tpCR) rate was 73.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.8–90.9), and no recurrence or metastasis occurred during the short-term follow-up period. The objective response rate (ORR) was 100% (95% CI, 82.4–100). The most common adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea and leukopenia in 18 of 20 patients (90%), but no grade 5 AEs were reported.ConclusionThis study showed that in HER2-positive operable or locally advanced breast cancer, the tpCR rate of P + EC-TH neoadjuvant therapy was about twice as high as that of EC-TH neoadjuvant therapy reported in other trials, with tolerable side effects.
Sustained response to erlotinib and rapamycin in a patient with pediatric anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Authors: Geben Laura C. , Mobley Bret C. , Brockman Asa A. , Pastakia Devang , Naftel Rob , Ihrie Rebecca A. , Esbenshade Adam J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne goal of precision medicine is to identify mutations within individual tumors to design targeted treatment approaches. This report details the use of genomic testing to select a targeted therapy regimen of erlotinib and rapamycin for a pediatric anaplastic oligodendroglioma refractory to standard treatment, achieving a 33‐month sustained response. Immunohistochemical analysis of total and phosphorylated protein isoforms showed abnormal signaling consistent with detected mutations, while revealing heterogeneity in per‐cell activation of signaling pathways in multiple subpopulations of tumor cells throughout the course of disease. This case highlights molecular features that may be relevant to designing future targeted treatments.
Ultrasound‐microwave‐assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from Mexican “Ataulfo” mango peels: Antioxidant potential and identification by HPLC/ESI/MS
Authors: Ordoñez‐Torres Anahi , Torres‐León Cristian , Hernández‐Almanza Ayerim , Flores‐Guía Tirso , Luque‐Contreras Diana , Aguilar Cristóbal N. , Ascacio‐Valdés Juan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionMango is used in traditional medicine in many countries. However, the processing by‐products are not currently used and generate large pollution problems and high handling costs.ObjectiveTo study the effect of different parameters in the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from mango peels using modern and ecological ultrasound‐microwave‐assisted extraction technology.MethodologyVarious parameters of these processes were studied: the extract was recovered by liquid chromatography using Ambetlite XAD‐16. The total polyphenol content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu's and HCl‐butanol methods. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS+), 1,10‐diphenyl‐2‐20‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and lipid oxidation inhibition methods. The recovered compounds were identified by high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS).ResultsThe best extraction conditions were solid/liquid ratio of 1/5 g/mL, ethanol percentage of 50%, and an extraction time of 10 min. Under these conditions, the total polyphenol content was 54.15 mg/g, and the antioxidant activities were greater than 90% inhibition in the three assays evaluated. According to the high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI/MS) analysis, nine polyphenolic compounds were identified; most of them were gallotannins, such as pentagalloyl glucose.ConclusionUltrasound‐microwave‐assisted extraction was shown to be effective and allowed the recovery of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds. The results indicated that mango peel extracts can be used as natural antioxidant components in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.
Synergistic effects of potassium channel blockers and pyrethroids: mosquitocidal activity and neuronal mode of action†
Authors: Jiang Shiyao , Bloomquist Jeffrey R 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this research was to explore the possibility of co‐applying pyrethroids (agonists of voltage‐sensitive sodium channels) with potassium channel blockers in order to potentiate the neurological effects of pyrethroids on Anopheles gambiae. We hypothesized that the toxicity of pyrethroids caused by persistent sodium currents would be augmented by blockage of outward potassium current flow, which normally repolarizes the membrane potential during a nerve membrane action potential.RESULTSTopical treatments with LD10s (10% mortality doses) of synergists were given with pyrethroids. 2S‐65465 (2S) showed the best synergism of permethrin (8.6‐fold) and deltamethrin (7.2‐fold), whereas piperonyl butoxide and 4‐aminopyridine only showed 2.2‐ to 3.4‐fold synergism with these pyrethroids. In electrophysiological recordings of Periplaneta americana giant axons, 2S (10 μm) and 4‐AP (30 μm) caused multiple spikes after a single stimulation. Permethrin at 10 μm showed significant summating depolarization (4.5 ± 1.1 mV) after a train of ten stimuli were applied at 5 Hz, and deltamethrin at 0.03 μm showed significant membrane depolarization of 2.9 ± 0.4 mV without stimuli. 2S at 0.3 μm and 4‐AP at 1–3 μm significantly synergized the effects of 3 μm permethrin and 0.01 μm deltamethrin.CONCLUSIONSCo‐application of potassium channel blockers 2S and 4‐AP with pyrethroids can synergize the mosquitocidal activities on An. gambiae, and these activities are correlated with synergistic effects at the level of the nerve membrane. If deployed in the field, this approach can potentially reduce the amount of chemicals needed for effective control of mosquitoes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Important amino acids for function of the insect Rdl GABA receptor
Authors: Nakao Toshifumi , Banba Shinichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect Rdl GABA receptor is an important insecticide target. To design a novel insecticide, studies on the structures of homologous pentameric ligand‐gated ion channels provide information about important amino acids that are necessary for the function of insect Rdl GABA receptors.RESULTSL9'A, T12'A, T13'A, T13'S, M15'S, and M15′N mutations in the Drosophila Rdl GABA receptor subunit caused the protein to spontaneously adopt the open state conformation. In contrast, the S16'A, S16′T, S17'A, and S17′H mutant homomers showed the same levels of agonist and antagonist sensitivity as the wild‐type receptor. The G336M mutation in the Drosophila Rdl GABA receptor abolished the agonist activities of ivermectin and milbemectin, but the F339M mutation did not. Additionally, the F339M mutation caused spontaneous opening of the receptor.In the Drosophila Rdl model, the hydrophobic girdle plays an important role in stabilization of the closed state. Mutations which decrease hydrophobic interactions resulted in spontaneous opening, supporting the importance of the hydrophobic girdle for keeping the channel closed. Through a mutational study of transmembrane 3 (TM3) cytoplasmic domain and Rdl GABA receptor modeling, hydrophobic interactions between TM3 and TM4 and intersubunit interaction were demonstrated to be important for channel gating. Alternatively, the intrasubunit interaction between TM2 and TM3 domains were less important for channel gating in case of Drosophila Rdl GABA receptor.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates important amino acids critical to the function of the Drosophila Rdl GABA receptor based on the mutational studies and Drosophila Rdl GABA receptor modeling approach. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface‐dependent correlated infrared observation errors and quality control in the FV3 framework
Authors: Bathmann Kristen , Collard Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractData assimilation relies on the accurate representation of both observation‐ and background‐error statistics. In this study, the Desroziers diagnostic is used to estimate error covariance matrices for CrIS and IASI brightness temperature observations over land and sea surfaces. Infrared observations have different error characteristics over different surface types, which warrant separate treatments. Over land, correlations between surface‐sensitive channels tend to be much larger than over sea, and there may even be strong anti‐correlations between certain channel groups. After reconditioning the matrices, they are used in several forecast experiments in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's Finite Volume Cubed‐Sphere Dynamical Core Global Forecast System (FV3GFS). With the incorporation of the new covariance matrices, upgrades to the infrared quality control procedures are re‐examined. In particular, stricter cloud detection which relies on the new, smaller, observation errors is studied. It is found that for IASI, accounting for error correlations generally has a positive forecast impact which is enhanced by the new cloud detection scheme. For CrIS, successfully accounting for error correlations necessitates stricter cloud detection. In the next implementation of the FV3GFS (version 16), correlated error for IASI and CrIS will become operational.
Theoretical evaluation of chemical and physical feasibility of an in situ ultrasonic reactor for remediation of groundwater contaminated with per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Authors: Laramay Fiona , Crimi Michelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been found in air, water, and soil globally. Groundwater is used as a drinking water supply in many locations and PFAS detections in groundwater occur frequently. Cavitation occurs when ultrasound is applied to liquids and has been shown to be effective for PFAS degradation. Sonolysis is often used to describe the cavity collapse that occurs after cavity expansion. An ideal scenario implements sonolysis in a horizontal well, which allows passive capture of contaminated water while reducing the costs and hazards associated with ex situ remediation. Four PFAS‐contaminated site groundwaters were treated in the sonolytic reactor in the laboratory. Data from those experiments were used in a series of hypothetical case studies to evaluate the influence of chemical and physical properties on feasibility of installation of a novel in situ sonolytic reactor. When PFAS precursor species and perfluorobutanoic acid were included in the remediation goals they were found to drive the hydraulic retention times necessary for effective treatment compared to longer‐chain PFAS. Improved implementation efficiency occurred when the target treatment area was restricted to a concentrated source zone, rather than less concentrated areas of the downgradient plume.
Coping associated with compulsive buying tendency
Authors: Lawrence Lee M. , Elphinstone Bradley 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearch on general coping is limited within compulsive buying (CB) literature. Nevertheless, other behavioural addictions and hoarding might provide insights into coping in CB. One‐hundred and ninety‐nine participants (M age = 52.72, SD = 16.06; 50.3% female, 1% unknown sex) completed online questionnaires. Mental and behavioural disengagements were hypothesized to predict greater self‐reported CB tendency. Whilst these relationships were found in the correlations, a regression analysis indicated that only mental disengagement significantly predicted CB tendency. Additionally, the exploration of denial and substance use identified that denial was an important predictor of CB tendency coping. The relationship between CB tendency and substance use could not be explored given the large degree of participants reporting minimal scores. CB tendency is associated with maladaptive mental disengagement, denial and lack of acceptance coping strategies, which could be useful to consider in therapy.
Linnaeus, the essentialism story, and the question of types
Authors: Witteveen Joeri 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccording to an influential twentieth‐century narrative, Linnaeus's taxonomic endeavors rested on a suspect metaphysical basis of “typological thinking” or “essentialism”. Since the beginning of this century, historians and philosophers have shown that this narrative is deeply problematic and fails to be supported by the close study of Linnaeus's actual taxonomic principles and practices. Magnus Lidén has recently argued inTaxonthat this revisionist literature on Linnaeus nevertheless preserves a residue of unwarranted attributions of typological thinking aimed at Linnaeus. I argue that this is incorrect and contend that Lidén misinterprets the recent literature on the history of “type concepts” in taxonomy, which has nothing to do with typological thinking. With this article, I hope to show that the historiography of taxonomy is helped, not hindered, by enquiring into Linnaeus's use of certain type concepts and his unfamiliarity with others.
Unravelling the richness of dark sector by FASERν
Authors: Bakhti Pouya , Farzan Yasaman , Pascoli Silvia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
FASERν is a newly proposed experiment which will take data in run III of the LHC during 2021–2023. It will be located in front of the FASER detector, 480 m away from the ATLAS interaction point in the forward direction. Its main goal is to detect neutrinos of all flavors produced at the interaction point with superb precision in reconstructing charged tracks. This capability makes FASERν an ideal setup for uncovering the pattern and properties of a light dark sector. We demonstrate this capability for a well-motivated class of models with a dark matter candidate of mass around a few GeV. Dark matter annihilates to a pair of intermediate neutral particles that subsequently decay into the standard model charged fermions. We show how FASERν can shed light on the structure of the dark sector by unravelling the decay chain within such models.
Therapie einer extremen Anämie mit vernetztem Rinderhämoglobin
Authors: Meiser A. , Knoll H. , Meisel T. , Schröder M. , Volk T. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungEine 29-jährige Zeugin Jehovas erlitt nach intrauterinem Fruchttod in der 25. Schwangerschaftswoche ein akutes Nierenversagen und eine schwere Anämie, bedingt durch Blutverlust und Hämolyse, erlitt. Wegen ihrer religiösen Überzeugung lehnte die Patientin Bluttransfusionen kategorisch ab. Trotz Umsetzung aller Empfehlungen des Patient Blood Management fiel der Hämoglobin(Hb)-Wert kontinuierlich. Am Tag 10 wurde sie bei Hb 1,9 g/dl plötzlich bewusstlos und musste intubiert und beatmet werden. Wegen organprotektiver Effekte und der guten Steuerbarkeit wurde sie inhalativ mit Isofluran sediert. Isofluran ermöglichte jeweils eine rasche neurologische Beurteilbarkeit in Sedierungsfenstern sowie eine regelmäßige, ruhige Spontanatmung bei tiefer Sedierung mit reduziertem Sauerstoffverbrauch. Als Ausdruck einer posthypoxischen Enzephalopathie zeigte sie in den Sedierungsfenstern Krampfanfälle, die im EEG bestätigt und antikonvulsiv behandelt wurden. Bei Hb 1,8 g/dl erhielt sie 2 Infusionsbeutel mit polymerisiertem bovinem Hämoglobin (Hemopure®, Fa. Hemoglobin Oxygen Therapeutics LLC, Souderton, PA, USA), wegen der kurzen Halbwertszeit mehrmals wiederholt an den Folgetagen. Eine beachtliche Methämoglobinämie wurde festgestellt. Auch nach Abzug des Met-Hb zeigten sich Hb-Anstiege um 0,4–0,8 g/dl nach den Gaben. Die Sauerstoffbindungskapazität des Blutes konnte damit initial um 33 % gesteigert werden. Es kam zu einer vollständigen neurologischen Erholung, und die Patientin wurde schließlich vom Respirator entwöhnt, jedoch weiterhin dialysepflichtig nach 38 Tagen in eine andere Klink verlegt.Wenn die Gabe von Fremdblut keine Option darstellt, kann durch Gabe von polymerisiertem bovinem Hämoglobin als Ultima-Ratio-Therapie die Sauerstofftransportkapazität vorübergehend erhöht werden. Eine inhalative Sedierung mit Isofluran zur Senkung des Sauerstoffverbrauchs erscheint gleichermaßen vorteilhaft.
Kleinwuchssyndrome – potenziell lebensbedrohliche Erkrankungen
Authors: Mittendorf L. , Schulz M. , Stoltze A. , Stein R. , Starke S. , Abou Jamra R. , Körner A. , Pfäffle R. , Kiess W. 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es gibt viele Ursachen für einen Kleinwuchs. Kleinwuchs in Kombination mit einer intrauterinen Wachstumsretardierung (IUGR), einer Entwicklungsverzögerung und/oder ungewöhnlichen Stigmata sollte immer auch an eine syndromale Ursache denken lassen.

Fragestellung
Diese Arbeit soll für Kleinwuchssyndrome sensibilisieren, deren Diagnose aufgrund der potenziell lebensbedrohlichen Folgen möglichst frühzeitig gestellt werden sollte.

Material und Methoden
Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde auf Basis klinikinterner Fallberichte vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Literatur erstellt.

Ergebnisse
Das PTEN-Hamartom-Tumor-Syndrom (PHTS), das Bloom-Syndrom (BS), der mikrozephale osteodysplastische primordiale Kleinwuchs Typ II (MOPD-II-Syndrom) sowie das Ligase-IV-Syndrom (Lig4-Syndrom) sind seltene Kleinwuchssyndrome mit potenziell letalem Ausgang. Gemeinsame Merkmale liegen in einer Abweichung des Kopfumfangs (KU) und einer Entwicklungsverzögerung. Die Verdachtsdiagnose wird molekulargenetisch gesichert. Die Behandlung erfolgt in erster Linie symptomorientiert, für das PHTS und das Ligase-IV-Syndrom existieren darüber hinaus bereits kausale Therapieansätze. Für alle Syndrome gibt es Empfehlungen im Hinblick auf gezielte Vorsorgeuntersuchungen.

Schlussfolgerung
Bei entsprechenden Hinweisen auf einen syndromalen Kleinwuchs sollte zügig eine molekulargenetisch gestützte Diagnostik erfolgen, um rechtzeitig geeignete Therapieoptionen und Vorsorgeprogramme initiieren zu können.
Modified Lefort partial colpocleisis
Authors: Lv Hongtao , Rong Fengnian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
We present a surgical video that describes the technical considerations for performing a modified LeFort partial colpocleisis.

Methods
Hydro-dissection with diluted pituitrin was performed before the creation of anterior and posterior mid-line incisions through which lateral flaps were created bilaterally to expose the bladder and rectum fascia. Several purse-string sutures were placed to push the bladder and rectum back to their normal positions and reinforce the fascia under the vaginal wall. After removing the excess part of the vaginal wall, the lateral margins were re-approximated to create lateral channels that were wide enough to fit one finger. Perineoplasty was then performed to reduce the length of the genital hiatus.

Results
The procedure was performed in a 76-year-old woman with stage III vaginal vault prolapse (POP-Q C + 2), stage IV anterior prolapse (POP-Q Ba+5), stage II posterior prolapse (POP-Q Bp-1), and mild occult stress urinary incontinence. The patient recovered well postoperatively, without recurrent prolapse and/or stress incontinence during 6 months of follow-up.

Conclusions
Our modified technique used traditional suture methods to strengthen the bladder and rectum fascia, keeping most of the vaginal wall to create a solid longitudinal septum in the center of the vagina that supported the vaginal vault.
Intraoperative cone beam computed tomography is as reliable as conventional computed tomography for identification of pedicle screw breach in thoracolumbar spine surgery
Authors: Burström Gustav , Cewe Paulina , Charalampidis Anastasios , Nachabe Rami , Söderman Michael , Gerdhem Paul , Elmi-Terander Adrian , Edström Erik 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To test the hypothesis that intraoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) using the Allura augmented reality surgical navigation (ARSN) system in a dedicated hybrid operating room (OR) matches computed tomography (CT) for identification of pedicle screw breach during spine surgery.

Methods
Twenty patients treated with spinal fixation surgery (260 screws) underwent intraoperative CBCT as well as conventional postoperative CT scans (median 12 months after surgery) to identify and grade the degree of pedicle screw breach on both scan types, according to the Gertzbein grading scale. Blinded assessments were performed by three independent spine surgeons and the CT served as the standard of reference. Screws graded as Gertzbein 0 or 1 were considered clinically accurate while grades 2 or 3 were considered inaccurate. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value were the primary metrics of diagnostic performance.

Results
For this patient group, the negative predictive value of an intraoperative CBCT to rule out pedicle screw breach was 99.6% (CI 97.75–99.99%). Among 10 screws graded as inaccurate on CT, 9 were graded as such on the CBCT, giving a sensitivity of 90.0% (CI 55.5–99.75%). Among the 250 screws graded as accurate on CT, 244 were graded as such on the CBCT, giving a specificity of 97.6% (CI 94.85–99.11%).

Conclusions
CBCT, performed intraoperatively with the Allura ARSN system, is comparable and non-inferior to a conventional postoperative CT scan for ruling out misplaced pedicle screws in spinal deformity cases, eliminating the need for a postoperative CT.

Key Points
• Intraoperative cone beam computed tomography (CT) using the Allura ARSN is comparable with conventional CT for ruling out pedicle screw breaches after spinal fixation surgery.
• Intraoperative cone beam computed tomography can be used to assess need for revisions of pedicle screws making routine postoperative CT scans unnecessary.
• Using cone beam computed tomography, the specificity was 97.6% and the sensitivity was 90% for detecting pedicle screw breaches and the negative predictive value for ruling out a pedicle screw breach was 99.6%.