bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Sliding Friction on the Dynamic Characteristics of a Planetary Gear Set With the Improved Time-Varying Mesh Stiffness
Authors: Luo Wei , Qiao Baijie , Shen Zhixian , Yang Zhibo , Cao Hongrui , Chen Xuefeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Acting as an important internal excitation, sliding friction can cause the vibration and noise of the planetary gear set. In this paper, a dynamic model is developed to study the influence of sliding friction on the dynamic characteristics of the planetary gear set by including the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS), sliding friction forces and torques. An improved analytical model is proposed to calculate the TVMS with sliding friction. The explicit analytical expressions of the sliding friction forces and torques are also derived. Three kinds of different models are applied to investigate the influence of sliding friction: (1) the basic model: sliding friction is neglected in the dynamic model; (2) the improved model I: only the sliding friction forces and torques are considered in the dynamic model; and (3) the improved model II: both the influence of sliding friction on the TVMS and the sliding friction forces and torques are introduced into the dynamic model. The planetary gear set with three equally spaced planet gears is applied to analyze the dynamic characteristics under sliding friction. The simulation results show that the dynamic characteristics can be enhanced or disturbed by sliding friction. In the end, the dynamic model is validated by the experiments. Therefore, the influence of sliding friction is non-negligible when investigating the dynamic characteristics of the planetary gear set. The developed dynamic model provides a feasible dynamic research scheme for the planetary gear set with sliding friction.
Shared-Gaussian Process: Learning Interpretable Shared Hidden Structure Across Data Spaces for Design Space Analysis and Exploration
Authors: Xing Wei , Elhabian Shireen Y. , Keshavarzzadeh Vahid , Kirby Robert M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn industrial design process is often highly iterative. With unclear relationships between the quantity of interest (QoI) trade-offs and the design solution, the definition of the cost function usually undergoes several modifications that mandate a continued interaction between the designer and the client to encode all design and mission requirements into an optimization-friendly mathematical formulation. Such an iterative process is time consuming and computationally expensive. An efficient way to accelerate this process is to derive data-driven mappings between the design/mission and QoI spaces to provide visual insights into the interactions among different QoIs as related to their corresponding simulation parameters. In this paper, we propose Shared-Gaussian process (GP), a generative model for the design process that is based on a Gaussian process latent variable model. Shared-GP learns correlations within and across multiple, but implicitly correlated, data spaces considered in the design process (i.e., the simulation parameter space, the design space, and the QoI spaces) to provide data-driven mappings across these data spaces via efficient inference. Shared-GP also provides a structured low-dimensional representation shared among data spaces (some of which are of very high dimension) that the designer can use to efficiently explore the design space without the need for costly simulations.
Grounded Electrode Size Effect on Forced Convection Enhancement by a Single Stage EHD Gas Pump
Authors: Mazumder A. K. M. Monayem H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, forced convection enhancement in a square channel by a single stage electrohydrodynamic (EHD) gas pump is numerically examined. The EHD gas pump having three different sizes of grounded electrode configurations: 0.5-inch, 1-inch, and 2-inch wide respectively are investigated for their effectiveness in the enhancement of forced convection and pumping power requirement. The EHD gas pump with 28 emitting electrodes is evaluated for a wide range of operating voltages starting from 20 kV up to 28 kV. The influence of electric field on the flow and temperature fields is also examined for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The three-dimensional governing equations for the flow and temperature fields are solved using the finite volume method. The Reynolds numbers (Re) considered in this study varies in a range between 100 and 2000. At Re = 100, a maximum increase of 55% in the average Nusselt number is achieved with an applied voltage of 28 kV. The overall effectiveness of the EHD gas pump in heat transfer enhancement is evaluated by the thermal hydraulic performance parameter, (Nu/Nu0)/(f/f0), which is always greater than unity. These results disclose that EHD technique has a great potential for many engineering applications, particularly for thermal management.
Robust Design of Aero-Engine Assembly Using Taguchi Method Based on Jacobian-Torsor Model
Authors: Ding Siyi , Zheng Xiaohu , Bao Jinsong , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aero-engine assembly is the core tache in the whole process of aero-engine manufacturing. Assembly variations are unavoidable due to parts’ geometrical errors. Statistical variation analysis is an effective method for robust design that can quantitatively predict product quality in the original design stage. However, traditional methods focus on the modeling of plane dimension chain and extremum analysis, which is difficult to comprehensively consider the rich geometrical errors and their relationship to each other; meanwhile, the precision prediction is too conservative to reduce the parts’ rework frequency and adjusting difficulty; in addition, traditional methods overemphasize the promotion of parts’ machining precision, and ignore the means of overall stack optimization. To overcome these problems, firstly, Jacobian-Torsor (J-T) model is used to build the variation propagation, which is well suited to a complex assembly that contains large numbers of joints and geometric tolerances; secondly, combining with Monte Carlo simulation and J-T statistical contribution solution, the percentage contribution of each part could be solved; Finally, Taguchi multi-objective optimization method is adopted for robust design of the whole system. A case study on an entire aero-engine assembly is presented to illustrate the proposed method and the results show that this new method can effectively evaluate the assembly performance and determine the optimal assembly plan, which has strong practical guiding significance.
Preliminary Results: The Design, Instrumentation, and Performance of FSBE Tooling for Aluminum Tubes
Authors: Emblom William J. , Wagner Scott , Olayinka Ayotunde , Richard Courtnei , Anglada Quinn , Cutright Paige , Granger Andrew , Matthysen Jonathan , Wahab Muhammad A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Friction stir back extrusion (FSBE) has been identified as a manufacturing method for producing tubing with both stronger and more ductile tubing for applications such as hydroforming, biomedical, energy, and MEMS. Additionally, FSBE has been identified as a technology that can be potentially down scaled. However, the process is still not fully understood because of the multitude of process parameters such as geometry, work piece material, friction and heat transfer, and other parameters that go into producing tubes.
The goal of this project was to design and test instrumented tooling for FSBE that were capable of producing a wide variety of tubing diameters, measure temperature and force in real-time both, and save process data for further analysis.
The current status of this project is that the die has been fully instrumented and tested for measuring temperature, a design for the tool holder and probe capable of measuring plunge force for a CNC mill has been completed, and sample tests measuring temperature have been performed. In addition, a simple steady state heat transfer analysis has shown that the work pieces were approximately 29 degrees hotter than the temperature at the thermal couple. Those temperatures are above the recrystallization temperature of 150°C.
Tooling geometry, and a comparison of test results are presented and the future uses for this tooling are discussed.
Analysis of Tube Expansion Using 3D Digital Image Correlation and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Abbassi Fethi , Ahmad Furqan , Karrech Ali , Islam Md. Saiful 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Solid Expandable Tubular Technology (SETT) finds its extensive applications in the oil and gas industries where it is used for well completion and remediation. The purpose of his work is to investigate the material behavior upon expansion and to optimize the parameters that are relevant to the expansion process. Tube expansion tests have been performed using a newly designed experimental setup. Seamless stainless steel (AISI 304) tubes have been deformed and monitored using a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system to measure the full field displacement. A parametric study has been performed in order to study the effect of key expansion parameters such us mandrel geometry (angle), expansion ratio, mandrel-tube friction on the tube expansion and its buckling. The commercial code VIC-3D has been used to process the strain and displacement data obtained by the charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. Moreover, the tests have been modeled numerically using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to gain further insight into the stress and strain distributions during metal forming. A good correlation has been observed between the numerical and experimental results.
Computational Analysis of Cryogenic Stirling Refrigerator
Authors: Domenikos G.-R. , Bitsikas P. , Rogdakis E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the present work, a system consisting of two combined cryocoolers is simulated with the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and ANSYS Fluent software. The cryocoolers operate with frequency of 1 Hz and at temperature below 1 K. Instead of a matrix containing a regenerator, each of the machines employs a recuperator. The two recuperators exchange heat with each other, combining thus the two machines into one system. The working gas of the cryocoolers is helium-3 (He-3), the properties of which are obtained by the available literature for cryogenic temperatures.
The setup of the presented simulation is based on a one-dimensional (1D) analytical model. The model is used to describe conducted experiments, in which ideal He-3 is the working gas of a similar system of Stirling cryocoolers and superfluid helium-4 (He-4) can pass through the pistons (super leak).
The simulations results, including the fluctuation of gas temperature in the machine’s spaces, pressure drop, work and heat exchanged are presented.
A Review on Techniques to Improve Performance and Reduce Emissions of Diesel Engine Running With Higher Viscous Fuels (HVFs)
Authors: Bari Saiful , Hossain Shekh Nisar , Saad Idris 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Due to skyrocketing fuel price and demand, engine manufacturers and researchers have been thriving to find alternative sources of fuel for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel and vegetable-based fuels are prospective substitutes for petro-diesel fuel for compressions ignition (CI) or diesel engines, and favourable over petro-diesel fuel in terms of sustainability and environmental friendliness. It is found from the literatures that higher viscous fuels (HVFs) and biodiesel fuels have substandard engine performance and emissions especially in the case of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), torque and NOx emissions compared to those of the engines using petro-diesel. This is mainly due to their higher viscosity and density as well as lower volatility and calorific value and thus, they are termed as higher viscous fuels. Furthermore, the higher viscosity and density of HVFs retard the combustion efficiency since HVFs are less prone to evaporate, diffuse and mix properly with the in-cylinder air. Based on these findings, researchers have put effort into improving the performance of CI engines running with HVFs. Generally, three techniques are very popular by the researchers, namely, blending the HVFs with petro-diesel (known as fuel blend), preheating the HVFs, and altering the injection strategy from the original engine-settings for petro-diesel operation. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented on these techniques to improve the performance of CI engines run on HVFs.
Experimental Study of Partial Fuel Substitution With Hydroxy and Energy Recovery in Low Displacement Compression Ignition Engines
Authors: Duarte Jorge , Duarte Forero Natalia , Hernandez Brando , Vanegas Marley , Stand Ricardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Internal combustion engines only take advantage of a quantity of the energy available in the combustion process. In addition to this, the emissions generated alter the balance and natural composition of the air, which represents a current risk to human health. Because of this, to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and minimize the harmful emissions to the environment of this type of thermal machines, in this work, the implementation of an exhaust gas energy recovery system is proposed. With the recovered energy, is hydroxy through the electrolysis process, and so that partial substitution of diesel fuel with the gaseous fuel produced. For the experimental study, a diesel engine SOKAN SK-MDF300 is coupled to a thermoelectric generator formed by Peltier modules, which transform thermal energy into electrical energy. This energy was used to generate hydroxy, reaching a generation maximum of 1.37 L / min. The influence of the partial substitution using diesel fuel and B10 fuel was studied. The experimental results allow us to conclude that a 3% reduction in fuel was achieved with diesel fuel. In addition to this, CO2 emissions were reduced in 13%, CO in 11.66%, NOx in 35.38%, SOx in 14.84% and 21.69% of reduction in smoke opacity, in the condition of maximum load during the test in the engine. The implementation of the TEG, coupled with the HHO gas generation system increases the overall efficiency of the engine by 4.2%.
Dynamic Response and Analytical Approach on a Double Catalyst Muffler System Mounting on a Table
Authors: Oh Gyoko , Akei Masahiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For preventing fatigue failures caused by the vibration stresses in a moving vehicle or an operating machine, it is important to clarify and predict dynamic response behaviors. Assuming a rigid installation, the vibration transmissibility of a double catalyst muffler system mounting on a table was examined through a vibration machine. Based on the measured data and by systematically taking vibration theories into consideration, a new prediction method of the vibration modes and parameters was proposed that takes account of vibration coupling and damping. A lumped vibration model with the eight-element and two mass points was set up, and the vibration response parameters were analyzed accurately from simultaneous equations of motion. In the vibration test, resonance peaks from the mounting table and muffler parts of two units were confirmed in three excitation drives. The first resonance peaks caused by the mounting table had lower frequency, but the vibration magnitudes from other parts at higher frequency were damped to a considerable degree. With examples where the mounting table was reinforced by a damping material bracket, and where the spring coefficient of the connecting pipe between the two units in the sample was changed, the resonance frequencies and transmissibilities were obtained by calculation using the analytical model, demonstrating the model’s general versatility as a prediction method.
Intrusion Detection of Cyber-Physical Attacks in Manufacturing Systems: A Review
Authors: Wu Mingtao , Moon Young B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cyber-physical manufacturing system is the vision of future manufacturing systems where physical components are fully integrated through various networks and the Internet. The integration enables the access to computation resources that can improve efficiency, sustainability and cost-effectiveness. However, its openness and connectivity also enlarge the attack surface for cyber-attacks and cyber-physical attacks. A critical challenge in defending those attacks is that current intrusion detection methods cannot timely detect cyber-physical attacks. Studies showed that the physical detection provides a higher accuracy and a shorter respond time compared to network-based or host-based intrusion detection systems. Moreover, alert correlation and management methods help reducing the number of alerts and identifying the root cause of the attack.
In this paper, the intrusion detection research relevant to cyber-physical manufacturing security is reviewed. The physical detection methods — using side-channel data, including acoustic, image, acceleration, and power consumption data to disclose attacks during the manufacturing process — are analyzed. Finally, the alert correlation methods — that manage the high volume of alerts generated from intrusion detection systems via logical relationships to reduce the data redundancy and false alarms — are reviewed. The study show that the cyber-physical attacks are existing and rising concerns in industry. Also, the increasing efforts in cyber-physical intrusion detection and correlation research can be utilized to secure the future manufacturing systems.
Upper Body Development of Full-Sized Humanoid, HART, for Vehicle-Driving Task
Authors: Sohn Kiwon , Markiewicz Mark 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the development of an upper body for the full-sized humanoid, HART is presented. The main design objective of HART platform is to enable the bipedal robot to drive off-the-shelf vehicles in real world environments. Continued from the previous efforts which focused on the lower body, the same technical design requirements, kinematic adaptation and low cost manufacturing, were kept being explored for HART’s upper body building in this study. First, the control system architecture and whole body hardware configuration of the robot are presented. Then, the mechanical and electrical components of each joint and its design process are described. The kinematic analysis and motion trajectory generation are also provided for the vehicle-driving task such as steering-wheel manipulation. Last, the built platform is tested through experimentation using physical vehicles to evaluate the presented design.
Review of Design Techniques of Armored Vehicles for Protection Against Blast From Improvised Explosive Devices
Authors: Kamel Hisham 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This review paper covers the subject of vehicle design for protection against the blast of improvised explosive devices. It summarizes the most recent techniques in the design of vehicle structures for blast protection. This review pinpoints the challenges in designing a vehicle for blast protection and maintaining acceptable mobility at the same time. In addition, this paper reveals and summarizes key design principles based on the critical assessment of the published literature. This review covers the state of the art design methods for each individual part of vehicle structure. It also identifies the role of human protective gear and its effectiveness in mitigating blast related injuries. This review suggests future trends in developing innovative protective structures that are inspired by nature or manufactured. The aim of this review is to guide and advance the research of vehicle design for blast protection.
A Simple Immersed Boundary Method for Modeling Forced Convection Heat Transfer
Authors: Yao Guangfa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
As non-body conforming numerical methods using simple Cartesian mesh, immersed boundary methods have become increasingly popular in modeling fluid-solid interaction. They usually do this by adding a body force term in the momentum equation. The magnitude and direction of this body force ensure that the boundary condition on the solid-fluid interface is satisfied without invoking complicated body-conforming numerical methods to impose the boundary condition. A similar path has been followed to model forced convection heat transfer by adding a source term in the energy equation. The added source term will ensure that thermal boundary conditions on the solid-fluid interface are imposed without invoking a boundary conforming mesh. These approaches were developed to handle the Dirichlet boundary condition (constant wall temperature). Few of them deal with the Neumann boundary condition (constant wall heat flux). This paper presents a simple new immersed boundary method. It can deal with the Dirichlet boundary condition, Neumann boundary condition and conjugated heat transfer by adding an energy source or sink term in the energy conservation equation. The presented approach is validated against the analytical solutions and a very good match is achieved.
Inspiring Engineering in the K12: Biomimicry As a Bridge Between Math and Biology
Authors: Sanne Fredrik , Risheim Inge , Impelluso Thomas J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The discipline of biomimicry encourages engineers to take design inspiration from the nearly four billion years of research and development since life first appeared on Earth — nature is the greatest engineering designer. Rather than leveraging biomimicry as a discipline unto itself (a worthy approach, regardless), this project explores biomimicry as a tool to inspire K12 students to appreciate math and engineering. We conducted this project in four lesson modules and one lab. In the first module, we presented various types of engineering. In the second, we introduced certain aspects of mathematics from a qualitative perspective. In the third, we discussed the fundamental mathematics that undergirds thermodynamics, although qualitatively and visually. In the fourth, we introduced the students to the world of biomimicry. Then we integrated the mathematics and biomimicry with a laboratory experience in quantitative design, borrowed from an NSF sponsored project. In summary, efforts in biomimicry reside at either the quantitative arena of multi-phase physics, or the qualitative arena of biological interpretations. However, we have used it as a bridge to science, math and engineering.
A Semi-Empirical Approach to Determine Dynamic Stability of In-Flight Morphing Platforms
Authors: Marchelli Timothy , Sarigul-Klijn Nesrin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a semi-empirical approach to estimate the flight dynamics and stability derivatives of in-flight morphed platforms. Morphing can be a result of either planned design choices to optimize performance during the different phases of flight, or unplanned events such as wing damage induced from MANPADS or from a midair collision. Mass, mass center, stiffness, and shape changes caused by morphing do not always allow vehicle symmetry to be preserved, therefore a new semi-empirical approach is developed that includes effects of asymmetry. This new approach, and the additional stability derivatives formulated in this research, should prove useful and must be included in the accurate evaluation of in-flight morphing vehicles and in development of flight simulations.