bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No place for ‘Kashmiri’ in Kashmiri nationalism*
Authors: Khandy Idreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLanguage is often taken as a primary differentiating factor between people as it functions as a vehicle of cultural expression, thus becoming one of the primary markers of identity. In the history of nationalism, language has always enjoyed a privileged position. Not only had the German Romantics such as Herder and Fichte held language as the fundamental characteristic of a nation, but modernist scholars such as Anderson, too, have given language a central place in their respective assessments of nationalism. In Anderson's analysis, ‘languages of power’ enable an imagined community to become real. However, are all nationalisms glotto‐centric? If not, why not? This article takes the case of Kashmiri nationalism, or the Tehreek, to demonstrate that language and nationalism are not necessarily codependent. The paper will first explain why Kashmiri never came to become a language of power in the region and how the disadvantaged position of the Kashmiri language precludes/d it from having any significant role in Kashmiri nationalism. Second, the paper argues that the multilingualism of Kashmiris has turned out to be a blessing in disguise for the Tehreek and allowed Kashmiri nationalism to assert its civic character.
Association of erythropoietin resistance and fibroblast growth factor 23 in dialysis patients: Results from the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study
Authors: Usui Tomoko , Zhao Junhui , Fuller Douglas S. , Hanafusa Norio , Hasegawa Takeshi , Fujino Hiroshi , Nomura Takanobu , Zee Jarcy , Young Eric , Robinson Bruce M. , Nangaku Masaomi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) plays an important role in chronic kidney disease (CKD)‐related mineral and bone disorders. High FGF23 levels are associated with increased risk of anaemia in non‐haemodialysis CKD patients. FGF23 also negatively regulates erythropoiesis in mice. We hypothesized that higher FGF23 levels are associated with increased erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness among haemodialysis patients.MethodsThe study included 1044 patients from the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (J‐DOPPS) phase 5 (2012‐2015). The outcome was erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent hyporesponsiveness (ESA‐hypo), defined as mean Hgb <10 g/dL and standardized mean ESA dose >6000 u/week over 4 months following FGF23 measurement. The association between ESA‐hypo and FGF23 was estimated using multivariable‐adjusted logistic generalized estimating equation regression models.ResultsPatients with higher levels of FGF23 were younger and had higher levels of serum albumin, creatinine, albumin‐corrected calcium, phosphorus, PTH, 25(OH)‐vitamin D, and had higher percentages of intravenous (IV) iron, IV vitamin D and cinacalcet use. ESA‐hypo was present in 144 patients (13.8%). Compared with the third quintile of FGF23 levels, the odds ratio (95% CI) of ESA‐hypo was 2.14 (0.99, 4.62) and 1.74 (0.74, 4.11) for the first and fifth quintiles, respectively.ConclusionThe lowest and highest levels of FGF23 were associated with higher odds of ESA‐hypo in patients on maintenance haemodialysis, although the associations were not statistically significant. The relationship between FGF23 and anaemia, and particularly the increased risks of ESA‐hypo at low FGF23 levels which might be the result of energy saving, must be confirmed in larger clinical studies.
Improving crop salt tolerance using transgenic approaches: An update and physiological analysis
Authors: Kotula Lukasz , Garcia Caparros Pedro , Zörb Christian , Colmer Timothy D. , Flowers Timothy J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSalinization of land is likely to increase due to climate change with impact on agricultural production. Since most species used as crops are sensitive to salinity, improvement of salt tolerance is needed to maintain global food production. This review summarises successes and failures of transgenic approaches in improving salt tolerance in crop species. A conceptual model of coordinated physiological mechanisms in roots and shoots required for salt tolerance is presented. Transgenic plants overexpressing genes of key proteins contributing to Na+ ‘exclusion’ (PM‐ATPases with SOS1 antiporter, and HKT1 transporter) and Na+ compartmentation in vacuoles (V‐H+ATPase and V‐H+PPase with NHX antiporter), as well as two proteins potentially involved in alleviating water deficit during salt stress (aquaporins and dehydrins), were evaluated. Of the 51 transformations, with gene(s) involved in Na+ ‘exclusion’ or Na+ vacuolar compartmentation that contained quantitative data on growth and include a non‐saline control, 48 showed improvements in salt tolerance (less impact on plant mass) of transgenic plants, but with only two tested in field conditions. Of these 51 transformations, 26 involved crop species. Tissue ion concentrations were altered, but not always in the same way. Although glasshouse data are promising, field studies are required to assess crop salinity tolerance.
Association between scanning frequency of flash glucose monitoring and continuous glucose monitoring‐derived glycemic makers in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Suzuki Junichi , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Yoshida Kei , Kuwabara Remi , Mine Yusuke , Aoki Masako , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed the association between scanning frequency of flash glucose monitoring (FGM) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)‐derived glycemic markers in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.MethodsSubjects consisted of 85 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes using FGM. We assessed the association between scanning frequencies of FGM‐ and CGM‐derived metrics: Time in range (TIR) (70‐180 mg/dL), time below range (TBR) (<70 mg/dL), time above range (>180 mg/dL), and other glycemic markers – laboratory‐measured HbA1c and CGM‐estimated glucose and HbA1c (eA1c) levels in the subjects.ResultsThe mean number of scans was 11.5 ± 3.5 (5–20) times per day, and scanning was most frequently conducted during a period of 18–24 h. Scanning frequency showed significant positive correlation with TIR (r = 0.719, P < 0.0001) and inverse correlation with time above range (r = −0.743, P < 0.0001), but did not correlate with TBR. There were also significant inverse correlations between scanning frequency and glucose, HbA1c, and eA1c levels (r = −0.765, −0.815, and −0.793, respectively, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsFrequent glucose testing with FGM decreased hyperglycemia with increased TIR, but did not reduce TBR. Coping with a rapid fall of glucose and unexpected hypoglycemia with more advanced technology might contribute to a reduction in TBR.
Unravelling the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in mitigating the oxidative burst of plants under drought stress
Authors: Zou Y.‐N. , Wu Q.‐S. , Kuča K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith continued climate changes, soil drought stress has become the main limiting factor for crop growth in arid and semi‐arid regions. A typical characteristic of drought stress is the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative damage. Plant‐associated microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), can regulate physiological and molecular responses to tolerate drought stress, and they have a strong ability to cope with drought‐induced oxidative damage via enhanced antioxidant defence systems. AMF produce a limited oxidative burst in the arbuscule‐containing root cortical cells. Similar to plants, AMF modulate a fungal network in enzymatic (e.g. GmarCuZnSOD and GintSOD1) and non‐enzymatic (e.g. GintMT1, GinPDX1 and GintGRX1) antioxidant defence systems to scavenge ROS. Plants also respond to mycorrhization to enhance stress tolerance via metabolites and the induction of genes. The present review provides an overview of the network of plant − arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus dialogue in mitigating oxidative stress. Future studies should involve identifying genes and transcription factors from both AMF and host plants in response to drought stress, and utilize transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics to clarify a clear dialogue mechanism between plants and AMF in mitigating oxidative burst.
Ascorbic acid ameliorates dysregulated folliculogenesis induced by mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate in neonatal mouse ovaries via reducing ovarian oxidative stress
Authors: Liu Chang , Shui Shike , Yao Yangcheng , Sui Cong , Zhang Hanwang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhthalates, including di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), are common industrial chemicals in the environment. Recent evidence indicates that DEHP and its active metabolite mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) negatively modulate reproductive functions and induce reactive oxygen species. Ascorbic acid (AA) is a dietary requirement for primates, and it acts as a potent free radical scavenger to protect tissues against oxidative stress. In this study, to investigate the toxic effects of MEHP on the follicle development and the beneficial role of AA, neonatal mouse ovaries were treated with different concentrations of MEHP with or without AA for 6 days. Then, the follicle constitution and oxidative status were compared in different groups. Results showed MEHP accelerated primordial follicle recruitment by increasing the percentage of primary and secondary follicles and decreasing the percentage of primordial follicles in the ovaries. Moreover, MEHP‐induced ovarian oxidative stress by significantly increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and the expression of GSS and SOD1. When ovaries were co‐administrated with MEHP and AA, follicle constitution was normalized, and the oxidative status was significantly decreased. These results suggested that AA ameliorated MEHP‐induced ovarian oxidative stress and follicular dysregulation, which attested the clinical significance of AA for ovary protection in the case of MEHP exposure.
Social class transitions: Three guiding questions for moving the study of class to a dynamic perspective
Authors: Phillips L. Taylor , Martin Sean R. , Belmi Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe argue that social psychological theories of social class should move toward a more dynamic view that considers class change experiences to supplement more static perspectives focused on backgrounds or current positions. Indeed, social class is a unique demographic form of hierarchy because of its dynamism: social class is relatively malleable compared to race and gender; it can change multiple times in one's lifespan; and unlike age, it is something individuals can strive to change and that they often believe is possible to change. We review work from a variety of fields, including sociology, psychology, and organizational behavior, that begins to tackle the question of social class change experiences. Drawing on theories of social class transitions, acculturation, and identity change, we present an organizing framework suggesting three objective, structural features of social class change that should inform individuals' experience of changing class: What direction am I going (resource expectations)? How did I get here (predictability)? Where should I be (social comparisons)? We review emerging work as well as gaps in existing theory and suggest avenues for future research.
Governing new authoritarianism: Populism, nationalism and radical welfare reforms in Hungary and Poland
Authors: Lendvai‐Bainton Noemi , Szelewa Dorota 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDrawing on contemporary academic literature on the rise of authoritarian neoliberalism (Bruff,Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society, 2014,26, 113–129; Bruff,The handbook of neoliberalism, 2016, 107–117; Giroux, 2015), the uneven geographies of neoliberalism (Peck, 2010), and authoritarian progress (Bloom, 2015; Brown,Authoritarianism: Three Inquiries in Critical Theory, 2018, 7–44), we aim to trace the rise of new authoritarianism in Hungary and Poland. We argue that the fast‐tracking of radical neoliberal economic policies in conjuncture with the building of an “illiberal democracy” with strong populism and nationalism brings about new ways of negotiating the economic, the political and the social in a post‐2008 landscape. This contemporary insurgence, we would argue, has significant impact on both the welfare state as an institutional structure for social sharing, as well as on the forms and practises of social citizenship. We aim to theorise “authoritarian neoliberalism” as a distinctive regime and draw comparative lessons from Hungary and Poland.
Association between HIV stigma and antiretroviral therapy adherence among adults living with HIV: baseline findings from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and South Africa
Authors: Jones Harriet S. , Floyd Sian , Stangl Anne , Bond Virginia , Hoddinott Graeme , Pliakas Triantafyllos , Bwalya Justin , Mandla Nomtha , Moore Ayana , Donnell Deborah , Bock Peter , Fidler Sarah , Hayes Richard , Ayles Helen , Hargreaves James R. ,   the HPTN 071 (PopART) Study Team
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesAdherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to viral suppression for people living with HIV (PLHIV) and is critical for both individual health and reducing onward HIV transmission. HIV stigma is a risk factor that can undermine adherence. We explored the association between HIV stigma and self‐reported ART adherence among PLHIV in 21 communities in the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia and the Western Cape of South Africa.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of baseline data collected between 2013 and 2015, before the roll‐out of trial interventions. Questionnaires were conducted, and consenting participants provided a blood sample for HIV testing. Poor adherence was defined as self‐report of not currently taking ART, missing pills over the previous 7 days or stopping treatment in the previous 12 months. Stigma was categorised into three domains: community, health setting and internalised stigma. Multivariable logistic regression was used for analysis.ResultsAmong 2020 PLHIV self‐reporting ever taking ART, 1888 (93%) were included in multivariable analysis. Poor ART adherence was reported by 15.8% (n = 320) of participants, and 25.7% (n = 519) reported experiencing community stigma, 21.5% (n = 434) internalised stigma, and 5.7% (n = 152) health setting stigma. PLHIV who self‐reported previous experiences of community and internalised stigma more commonly reported poor ART adherence than those who did not (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.21 −2.19, P = 0.001 and aOR 1.31, 95% CI 0.96–1.79, P = 0.09).ConclusionsHIV stigma was associated with poor ART adherence. Roll‐out of universal treatment will see an increasingly high proportion of PLHIV initiated on ART. Addressing HIV stigma could make an important contribution to supporting lifelong ART adherence.
The Arabidopsis transcription factor LBD15 mediates ABA signaling and tolerance of water‐deficit stress by regulating ABI4 expression
Authors: Guo Zhaolai , Xu Huini , Lei Qidong , Du Jiancan , Li Cheng , Wang Chongde , Yang Yunqiang , Yang Yongping , Sun Xudong 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYTo survive, sessile plants must adapt to grow and develop when facing water‐deficit stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fine‐tuning of the antagonistic action between stress response and growth remain to be determined. Here, plants overexpressing Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain 15 (LBD15) showed abscisic acid (ABA) hypersensitivity and tolerance of water‐deficit stress, whereas the loss‐of‐function mutant lbd15 presented decreased sensitivity to ABA and increased sensitivity to water‐deficit stress. Further analysis revealed that LBD15 directly binds to the promoter of the ABA signaling pathway gene ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) to activate its expression, thereby forming an LBD15–ABI4 cascade to optimally regulate ABA signaling‐mediated plant growth and tolerance of water‐deficit stress. In addition, drought stress‐induced ABA signaling promoted LBD15 expression, which directly activates expression of ABI4 to close stomata. As a result, water loss is reduced, and then water‐deficit stress tolerance is increased. The results of this study reveal a molecular mechanism by which LBD15 coordinates and balances plant growth and resistance to water‐deficit stress.
Working day and night: plastid casein kinase 2 catalyses phosphorylation of proteins with diverse functions in light‐ and dark‐adapted plastids
Authors: Rödiger Anja , Galonska Johann , Bergner Elena , Agne Birgit , Helm Stefan , Alseekh Saleh , Fernie Alisdair R. , Thieme Domenika , Hoehenwarter Wolfgang , Hause Gerd , Pfannschmidt Thomas , Baginsky Sacha 
Published: August 2020

SummaryCasein kinase 2 is a ubiquitous protein kinase that has puzzled researchers for several decades because of its pleiotropic activity. Here, we set out to identify the in vivo targets of plastid casein kinase 2 (pCK2) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Survey phosphoproteome analyses were combined with targeted analyses with wild‐type and pck2 knockdown mutants to identify potential pCK2 targets by their decreased phosphorylation state in the mutant. To validate potential substrates, we complemented the pck2 knockdown line with tandem affinity tag (TAP)‐tagged pCK2 and found it to restore growth parameters, as well as many, but not all, putative pCK2‐dependent phosphorylation events. We further performed a targeted analysis at the end‐of‐night to increase the specificity of target protein identification. This analysis confirmed light‐independent phosphorylation of several pCK2 target proteins. Based on the aforementioned data, we define a set of in vivo pCK2‐targets that span different chloroplast functions, such as metabolism, transcription, translation and photosynthesis. The pleiotropy of pCK2 functions is also manifested by altered state transition kinetics during short‐term acclimation and significant alterations in the mutant metabolism, supporting its function in photosynthetic regulation. Thus, our data expand our understanding on chloroplast phosphorylation networks and provide insights into kinase networks in the regulation of chloroplast functions.
Assessing Nursing Students’ Perceptions of the QSEN Competencies: A Systematic Review of the Literature With Implications for Academic Programs
Authors: Cengiz Adem , Yoder Linda H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundNurses are in key positions in the healthcare system to provide, monitor, and manage the care delivered to their patients. In 2005, the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative was launched to redefine quality and safety competencies for pre‐licensure nursing education. It is imperative that nurses are graduating with the full spectrum of the QSEN competencies to practice in today’s healthcare environments.AimsThe purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the research about student nurses’ perceptions of their abilities to perform the six QSEN competencies and to determine the effect of integrating the QSEN content in their courses, clinical placements, or simulation experiences.MethodA systematic review of the literature was conducted to retrieve published studies from CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and ERIC using the search terms of Quality and Safety Education for Nurses, QSEN, QSEN competencies, nursing student, and student nurse. The studies that were included in this review were assessed by both authors independently using standardized critical appraisal tools.ResultsSeven studies met the inclusion criteria: four descriptive, one quasi‐experimental, and two mixed‐methods designs. Overall, pre‐licensure nursing students perceived patient‐centered care as the most discussed and quality improvement as the competency least reviewed in their curricula. Students reported to be most prepared to perform patient‐centered care skills and least prepared to perform quality improvement skills.Linking Evidence to ActionRevisiting the integration of the quality improvement competency into nursing curricula can increase nursing students’ understanding of this QSEN competency. More research with sufficiently powered sample sizes, valid and reliable tools measuring outcomes of interventional studies, and attention to quality and rigor is needed to assess graduating students’ understanding of the QSEN competencies.
Urinary metals and incident diabetes in midlife women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Authors: Wang Xin , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie A , Herman William H , Mukherjee Bhramar , Harlow Siobán D , Park Sung Kyun 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionEnvironmental exposure to metals may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes; however, evidence from human studies is limited. We prospectively evaluated the associations of 20 urinary metal concentrations and their mixtures with incident diabetes in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, a multisite, multiethnic cohort study of midlife women.Research design and methodsThe sample included 1237 white, black, Chinese and Japanese-American women, aged 45–56 years, free of diabetes at baseline (1999–2000) who were followed through 2016. Concentrations of 20 metals (arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, cesium, copper, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, tin, thallium, uranium, vanadium, tungsten and zinc) were measured in urine specimens at baseline. Incident diabetes was identified annually by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, self-reported doctor-diagnosed diabetes, or self-reported use of antidiabetic medications. A non-parametric clustering method, k-means clustering, was used to identify subgroups with different exposure patterns to metal mixtures.ResultsAfter multivariable adjustment, the HR (95% CI) for diabetes associated with each doubling increase in urinary metal concentrations was 1.19 (1.10 to 1.30) for arsenic and 1.20 (1.05 to 1.37) for lead, in Cox proportional hazards models after controlling for multiple comparisons. A doubling in urinary excretion of zinc was associated with higher risk of diabetes (adjusted HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.53). Two distinct exposure patterns to metal mixtures—‘high’ versus ‘low’—were identified. Participants assigned to the ‘high’ pattern had higher overall concentrations of all metals compared with those classified into the ‘low’ pattern. Adjusted HR for diabetes associated with ‘high’ pattern compared with ‘low’ was 1.42 (1.08 to 1.87).ConclusionsHigher urinary concentrations of arsenic and lead, increased urinary excretion of zinc, as well as higher overall exposure to metal mixtures were associated with elevated risk of diabetes. Future studies should further investigate the underlying mechanisms.