bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synucleinopathy alters nanoscale organization and diffusion in the brain extracellular space through hyaluronan remodeling
Authors: Soria Federico N. , Paviolo Chiara , Doudnikoff Evelyne , Arotcarena Marie-Laure , Lee Antony , Danné Noémie , Mandal Amit Kumar , Gosset Philippe , Dehay Benjamin , Groc Laurent , Cognet Laurent , Bezard Erwan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, exploration of the brain extracellular space (ECS) has made remarkable progress, including nanoscopic characterizations. However, whether ECS precise conformation is altered during brain pathology remains unknown. Here we study the nanoscale organization of pathological ECS in adult mice under degenerative conditions. Using electron microscopy in cryofixed tissue and single nanotube tracking in live brain slices combined with super-resolution imaging analysis, we find enlarged ECS dimensions and increased nanoscale diffusion after α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration. These animals display a degraded hyaluronan matrix in areas close to reactive microglia. Furthermore, experimental hyaluronan depletion in vivo reduces dopaminergic cell loss and α-synuclein load, induces microgliosis and increases ECS diffusivity, highlighting hyaluronan as diffusional barrier and local tissue organizer. These findings demonstrate the interplay of ECS, extracellular matrix and glia in pathology, unraveling ECS features relevant for the α-synuclein propagation hypothesis and suggesting matrix manipulation as a disease-modifying strategy.
Kondo scenario of the γ–α phase transition in single crystalline cerium thin films
Authors: Zhu Xie-Gang , Liu Yu , Zhao Ya-Wen , Wang Yue-Chao , Zhang Yun , Lu Chao , Duan Yu , Xie Dong-Hua , Feng Wei , Jian Dan , Wang Yong-Huan , Tan Shi-Yong , Liu Qin , Zhang Wen , Liu Yi , Luo Li-Zhu , Luo Xue-Bing , Chen Qiu-Yun , Song Hai-Feng , Lai Xin-Chun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe physical mechanism driving the γ–α phase transition of face-centre-cubic (fcc) cerium (Ce) remains controversial until now. In this work, high-quality single crystalline fcc–Ce thin films were grown on Graphene/6H-SiC(0001) substrate, and explored by XRD and ARPES measurement. XRD spectra showed a clear γ–α phase transition at Tγ−α ≈ 50 K, which is retarded by strain effect from substrate comparing with Tγ−α (about 140 K) of the bulk Ce metal. However, APRES spectra did not show any signature of α-phase emerging in the surface-layer from 300 to 17 K, which implied that α-phase might form at the bulk-layer of our Ce thin films. Besides, an evident Kondo dip near Fermi energy was observed in the APRES spectrum at 80 K, indicting the formation of Kondo singlet states in γ–Ce. Furthermore, the DFT + DMFT calculations were performed to simulate the electronic structures and the theoretical spectral functions agreed well with the experimental ARPES spectra. In γ–Ce, the behavior of the self-energy’s imaginary part at low frequency not only confirmed that the Kondo singlet states emerged at TKS ≥ 80 K, but also implied that they became coherent states at a lower characteristic temperature (Tcoh ~40 K) due to the indirect RKKY interaction among f–f electrons. Besides, Tcoh from the theoretical simulation was close to Tγ−α from the XRD spectra. These issues suggested that the Kondo scenario might play an important role in the γ–α phase transition of cerium thin films.
Multivariate time series dataset for space weather data analytics
Authors: Angryk Rafal A. , Martens Petrus C. , Aydin Berkay , Kempton Dustin , Mahajan Sushant S. , Basodi Sunitha , Ahmadzadeh Azim , Cai Xumin , Filali Boubrahimi Soukaina , Hamdi Shah Muhammad , Schuh Michael A. , Georgoulis Manolis K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe introduce and make openly accessible a comprehensive, multivariate time series (MVTS) dataset extracted from solar photospheric vector magnetograms in Spaceweather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) series. Our dataset also includes a cross-checked NOAA solar flare catalog that immediately facilitates solar flare prediction efforts. We discuss methods used for data collection, cleaning and pre-processing of the solar active region and flare data, and we further describe a novel data integration and sampling methodology. Our dataset covers 4,098 MVTS data collections from active regions occurring between May 2010 and December 2018, includes 51 flare-predictive parameters, and integrates over 10,000 flare reports. Potential directions toward expansion of the time series, either “horizontally” – by adding more prediction-specific parameters, or “vertically” – by generalizing flare into integrated solar eruption prediction, are also explained. The immediate tasks enabled by the disseminated dataset include: optimization of solar flare prediction and detailed investigation for elusive flare predictors or precursors, with both operational (research-to-operations), and basic research (operations-to-research) benefits potentially following in the future.
The first theropod dinosaur (Coelurosauria, Theropoda) from the base of the Romualdo Formation (Albian), Araripe Basin, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Sayão Juliana Manso , Saraiva Antônio Álamo Feitosa , Brum Arthur Souza , Bantim Renan Alfredo Machado , de Andrade Rafael Cesar Lima Pedroso , Cheng Xin , de Lima Flaviana Jorge , de Paula Silva Helder , Kellner Alexander W. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Romualdo Formation (Araripe Basin) is worldwide known for the large number of well-preserved fossils but the dinosaur record is rather scarce. Here we describe a new coelurosaur, which is the first tetrapod recovered from the basal layers of this stratigraphic unit that consist of dark shales. Aratasaurus museunacionali gen. et sp. nov. is known by an incomplete but articulated right hind limb with the distal portion of the femur, proximal half of tibia and incomplete pes. The new species differs from other coelurosaurs by a medial fossa in the tibia and digits II, III and IV being symmetric. The phylogenetic analysis recovered Aratasaurus museunacionali closely related to Zuolong salleei, forming a basal coelurosaur lineage. The paleohistology indicate that the specimen is a juvenile, with an estimated body length around 3.12 m. The new taxon represents the first occurrence of basal coelurosaurians in the Araripe Basin and suggests a widespread distribution of this group during the Lower Cretaceous.
Natural weak value amplification in Fano resonance and giant Faraday rotation in magneto-plasmonic crystal
Authors: Guchhait Shyamal , B S Athira , Modak Niladri , Nayak Jeeban Kumar , Panda Anwesha , Pal Mandira , Ghosh Nirmalya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe extraordinary concept of weak value amplification can be formulated within the realm of wave interference as nearly destructive interference between the eigenstates of the measuring observable. Here we report on a phenomenon of interferometric weak value amplification of small polarization rotation in Fano resonance that evolves completely naturally due to near destructive spectral domain interference between a continuum and a narrow resonance mode having slightly different polarization response. In order to elucidate this, we first experimentally demonstrate an interferometric weak value amplification concept by generating nearly destructive interference of two paths of an interferometer having slightly rotated linear polarization states of light. The weak value amplification of polarization rotation effect is manifested as dramatic changes in the polarization state of light, which acts as the pointer. We go on to demonstrate that the manifestation of natural interferometric weak value amplification is an important contributing factor to the observed giant Faraday rotation and ellipticity in waveguided magneto-plasmonic crystals exhibiting prominent Fano resonance. The natural weak value interpretation of the enhanced Faraday rotation in hybrid magneto-plasmonic systems enriches the existing understanding on its origin. This opens up a new paradigm of natural weak measurement for gaining fundamental insights and ensuing practical applications on various weak interaction effects in rich variety of wave phenomena that originate from fine interference effects.
The density of anthropogenic features explains seasonal and behaviour-based functional responses in selection of linear features by a social predator
Authors: Pigeon Karine E. , MacNearney D. , Hebblewhite M. , Musiani M. , Neufeld L. , Cranston J. , Stenhouse G. , Schmiegelow F. , Finnegan L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic linear features facilitate access and travel efficiency for predators, and can influence predator distribution and encounter rates with prey. We used GPS collar data from eight wolf packs and characteristics of seismic lines to investigate whether ease-of-travel or access to areas presumed to be preferred by prey best explained seasonal selection patterns of wolves near seismic lines, and whether the density of anthropogenic features led to functional responses in habitat selection. At a broad scale, wolves showed evidence of habitat-driven functional responses by exhibiting greater selection for areas near low-vegetation height seismic lines in areas with low densities of anthropogenic features. We highlight the importance of considering landscape heterogeneity and habitat characteristics, and the functional response in habitat selection when investigating seasonal behaviour-based selection patterns. Our results support behaviour in line with search for primary prey during summer and fall, and ease-of-travel during spring, while patterns of selection during winter aligned best with ease-of-travel for the less-industrialized foothills landscape, and with search for primary prey in the more-industrialized boreal landscape. These results highlight that time-sensitive restoration actions on anthropogenic features can affect the probability of overlap between predators and threatened prey within different landscapes.
Co-administration of H-ferritin-doxorubicin and Trastuzumab in neoadjuvant setting improves efficacy and prevents cardiotoxicity in HER2 + murine breast cancer model
Authors: Andreata F. , Bonizzi A. , Sevieri M. , Truffi M. , Monieri M. , Sitia L. , Silva F. , Sorrentino L. , Allevi R. , Zerbi P. , Marchini B. , Longhi E. , Ottria R. , Casati S. , Vanna R. , Morasso C. , Bellini M. , Prosperi D. , Corsi F. , Mazzucchelli S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemotherapy has been established as the standard of care for HER2-positive breast cancer since it allows cancer down-staging, up to pathological complete response. The standard of care in the neoadjuvant setting for HER2-positive breast cancer is a combination of highly cytotoxic drugs such as anthracyclines and the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. Despite this cocktail allows a pathological complete response in up to 50%, their co-administration is strongly limited by intrinsic cardiotoxicity. Therefore, only a sequential administration of anthracyclines and the anti-HER2 treatment is allowed. Here, we propose the anthracycline formulation in H-Ferritin nanocages as promising candidate to solve this unmet clinical need, thanks to its capability to increase anthracyclines efficacy while reducing their cardiotoxicity. Treating a murine model of HER2-positive breast cancer with co-administration of Trastuzumab and H-Ferritin anthracycline nanoformulation, we demonstrate an improved tumor penetration of drugs, leading to increased anticancer efficacy and reduced of cardiotoxicity.
The implication of metabolically active Vibrio spp. in the digestive tract of Litopenaeus vannamei for its post-larval development
Authors: Garibay-Valdez Estefanía , Martínez-Córdova Luis Rafael , López-Torres Marco A. , Almendariz-Tapia F. Javier , Martínez-Porchas Marcel , Calderón Kadiya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate the link between the occurrence/abundance ofVibriopopulations and bacterial composition in shrimp’s intestine (Litopenaeus vannamei) during post-larval ontogenetic development and in its culture water, and the correlation of these with environmental parameters. The total and metabolically active populations ofVibrioin the digestive tract of shrimp during its post-larval development were analysed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcription qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene sequence. A lab-scale shrimp bioassay was performed for 80 days in a recirculating aquarium under strictly controlled conditions. The results indicate that theVibriopopulation from shrimp’s gut is associated with its developmental stage and the environment. Multivariate analyses revealed that the presence ofVibriospp. drove the studied system, but their metabolically active performance was related to earlier developmental stages in an aqueous environment. Also, the samples taken from water of culture units to compare the influence of the aquatic environment on the intestinal microbial community during shrimp’s ontogenetic development showed significant differences. Finally, our results revealed thatVibriois an important member of shrimp’s gut microbiota; however, its metabolic activity seems to be highly regulated, possibly by the host and by the rest of the microbiota.
Overexpressed coiled-coil domain containing protein 8 (CCDC8) mediates newly synthesized HIV-1 Gag lysosomal degradation
Authors: Jiang Xiangxiang , Jia Xiaopeng , Sun Jinhuan , Qi Chunxia , Lu Lingling , Wang Yanfeng , Zhang Lei , Wei Min 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNormally, HIV-1 enters into CD4+ cells through membrane fusion, and newly synthesized HIV-1 viral proteins assemble on the plasma membrane to form viral particles and bud out. In the previous study, we found host factor coiled-coil domain containing protein 8 (CCDC8) can strongly inhibit HIV-1 production, but the underline mechanism is not clear. Here we show that overexpression of CCDC8 reverses the normal HIV-1 production process, and causes newly assembled HIV-1 Gag particles to be endocytosed on the plasma membrane, rather than budding out. Live-cell imaging system captured the moment of CCDC8-mediated Gag internalization on the plasma membrane, and the speed of Gag turnover is up to 1.53 μm/s, much faster than Gag assembly on the plasma membrane. After Gag internalization, it accumulates in the cellular organelle—lysosome for degradation, but not proteasome, autophagosome, endoplasmic reticulum, clathrin or recycling endosome. In addition, CCDC8 is a membrane-associated protein, and N-terminal of CCDC8 is very important for membrane binding, and also important for inhibition of Gag assembly. C-terminal deletion of CCDC8 has a little effect on anti-HIV-1 effect. Moreover, CCDC8 is phosphorylated at amino acid threonine T87 and serine S261, and mono-methylated at lysine K491. Alanine mutations of T87A, S261A and K491A singly or in combination do not affect CCDC8 anti-HIV activity. In conclusion, overexpression of CCDC8 can cause newly assembled HIV-1 Gag particles on the plasma membrane to be endocytosed and degraded in lysosome.
PPARβ/δ-dependent MSC metabolism determines their immunoregulatory properties
Authors: Contreras-Lopez R. A. , Elizondo-Vega R. , Torres M. J. , Vega-Letter A. M. , Luque-Campos N. , Paredes-Martinez M. J. , Pradenas C. , Tejedor G. , Oyarce K. , Salgado M. , Jorgensen C. , Khoury M. , Kronke G. , Garcia-Robles M. A. , Altamirano C. , Luz-Crawford P. , Djouad F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy is being increasingly considered a powerful opportunity for several disorders based on MSC immunoregulatory properties. Nonetheless, MSC are versatile and plastic cells that require an efficient control of their features and functions for their optimal use in clinic. Recently, we have shown that PPARβ/δ is pivotal for MSC immunoregulatory and therapeutic functions. However, the role of PPARβ/δ on MSC metabolic activity and the relevance of PPARβ/δ metabolic control on MSC immunosuppressive properties have never been addressed. Here, we demonstrate that PPARβ/δ deficiency forces MSC metabolic adaptation increasing their glycolytic activity required for their immunoregulatory functions on Th1 and Th17 cells. Additionally, we show that the inhibition of the mitochondrial production of ATP in MSC expressing PPARβ/δ, promotes their metabolic switch towards aerobic glycolysis to stably enhance their immunosuppressive capacities significantly. Altogether, these data demonstrate that PPARβ/δ governs the immunoregulatory potential of MSC by dictating their metabolic reprogramming and pave the way for enhancing MSC immunoregulatory properties and counteracting their versatility.
Generation of a canine anti-canine CD20 antibody for canine lymphoma treatment
Authors: Mizuno Takuya , Kato Yukinari , Kaneko Mika K. , Sakai Yusuke , Shiga Toshinori , Kato Masahiro , Tsukui Toshihiro , Takemoto Hirofumi , Tokimasa Akio , Baba Kenji , Nemoto Yuki , Sakai Osamu , Igase Masaya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLymphoma is the most common hematological cancer in dogs. Canine diffuse large B cell lymphoma shows a relatively good response to treatment with multi-agent cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy; however, the 2-year survival rate is as low as 20%. For human B cell type lymphoma, the anti-CD20 chimeric antibody, rituximab, was developed two decades ago. The combination of rituximab and CHOP chemotherapy was highly successful in improving patient prognosis. However, no anti-canine CD20 antibody is available for the treatment of canine lymphoma. During this study, a rat anti-canine CD20 monoclonal antibody was established. We also generated a rat-canine chimeric antibody against canine CD20 designed for clinical application. This chimeric antibody (4E1-7-B) showed in vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against the canine B cell lymphoma cell line CLBL-1. Moreover, to obtain stronger ADCC activity, a defucosylated 4E1-7-B antibody (4E1-7-B_f) was also generated, and it showed tenfold stronger ADCC activity compared with 4E1-7-B. 4E1-7-B_f as well as 4E1-7-B suppressed the growth of CLBL-1 tumors in an immunodeficient xenotransplant mouse model. Finally, a single administration of 4E1-7-B_f induced considerable peripheral B cell depletion in healthy beagles. Thus, 4E1-7-B_f is a good antibody drug candidate for canine B cell type lymphoma.
Up-regulation of autophagy by low concentration of salicylic acid delays methyl jasmonate-induced leaf senescence
Authors: Yin Runzhu , Liu Xueyan , Yu Jingfang , Ji Yingbin , Liu Jian , Cheng Lixin , Zhou Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCrosstalk between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling plays an important role in regulation of plant senescence. Our previous work found that SA could delay methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced leaf senescence in a concentration-dependent manner. Here, the effect of low concentration of SA (LCSA) application on MeJA-induced leaf senescence was further assessed. High-throughput sequencing (RNA-Seq) results showed that LCSA did not have dominant effects on the genetic regulatory pathways of basal metabolism like nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and glycolysis. The ClusterONE was applied to identify discrete gene modules based on protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Interestingly, an autophagy-related (ATG) module was identified in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that exclusively induced by MeJA together with LCSA. RT-qPCR confirmed that the expression of most of the determined ATG genes were upregulated by LCSA. Remarkably, in contrast to wild type (Col-0), LCSA cannot alleviate the leaf yellowing phenotype in autophagy defective mutants (atg5-1 and atg7-2) upon MeJA treatment. Confocal results showed that LCSA increased the number of autophagic bodies accumulated in the vacuole during MeJA-induced leaf senescence. Collectively, our work revealed up-regulation of autophagy by LCSA as a key regulator to alleviate MeJA-induced leaf senescence.
A smart polymer for sequence-selective binding, pulldown, and release of DNA targets
Authors: Krieg Elisha , Gupta Krishna , Dahl Andreas , Lesche Mathias , Boye Susanne , Lederer Albena , Shih William M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSelective isolation of DNA is crucial for applications in biology, bionanotechnology, clinical diagnostics and forensics. We herein report a smart methanol-responsive polymer (MeRPy) that can be programmed to bind and separate single- as well as double-stranded DNA targets. Captured targets are quickly isolated and released back into solution by denaturation (sequence-agnostic) or toehold-mediated strand displacement (sequence-selective). The latter mode allows 99.8% efficient removal of unwanted sequences and 79% recovery of highly pure target sequences. We applied MeRPy for the depletion of insulin, glucagon, and transthyretin cDNA from clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) libraries. This step improved the data quality for low-abundance transcripts in expression profiles of pancreatic tissues. Its low cost, scalability, high stability and ease of use make MeRPy suitable for diverse applications in research and clinical laboratories, including enhancement of NGS libraries, extraction of DNA from biological samples, preparative-scale DNA isolations, and sorting of DNA-labeled non-nucleic acid targets.
Rapid onset of molecular friction in liquids bridging between the atomistic and hydrodynamic pictures
Authors: Straube Arthur V. , Kowalik Bartosz G. , Netz Roland R. , Höfling Felix 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFriction in liquids arises from conservative forces between molecules and atoms. Although the hydrodynamics at the nanoscale is subject of intense research and despite the enormous interest in the non-Markovian dynamics of single molecules and solutes, the onset of friction from the atomistic scale so far could not be demonstrated. Here, we fill this gap based on frequency-resolved friction data from high-precision simulations of three prototypical liquids, including water. Combining with theory, we show that friction in liquids emerges abruptly at a characteristic frequency, beyond which viscous liquids appear as non-dissipative, elastic solids. Concomitantly, the molecules experience Brownian forces that display persistent correlations. A critical test of the generalised Stokes–Einstein relation, mapping the friction of single molecules to the visco-elastic response of the macroscopic sample, disproves the relation for Newtonian fluids, but substantiates it exemplarily for water and a moderately supercooled liquid. The employed approach is suitable to yield insights into vitrification mechanisms and the intriguing mechanical properties of soft materials.
Motor Learning, Neuroplasticity, and Strength and Skill Training: Moving From Compensation to Retraining in Behavioral Management of Dysphagia
Authors: Zimmerman Emily , Carnaby Giselle , Lazarus Cathy L. , Malandraki Georgia A. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeLearning a motor skill and regaining a motor skill after it is lost are key tenets to the field of speech-language pathology. Motor learning and relearning have many theoretical underpinnings that serve as a foundation for our clinical practice. This review article applies selective motor learning theories and principles to feeding and swallowing across the life span.ConclusionIn reviewing these theoretical fundamentals, clinical exemplars surrounding the roles of strength, skill, experience, compensation, and retraining, and their influence on motor learning and plasticity in regard to swallowing/feeding skills throughout the life span are discussed.