bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of sandwich panels with hybrid composite face sheets and embedded shape memory alloy wires under low velocity impact
Authors: Masoudi Moghaddam Seyed A. , Yarmohammad Tooski Mehdi , Jabbari Mohsen , Khorshidvand Ahmad R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis experimental study was conducted to investigate the behavior of hybrid composite sandwich panels with superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) wires under low velocity impact (LVI). Square‐shaped sandwich panels were made few of a foam core and hybrid composite structures with carbon fiber and glass fiber, in which prestrained superelastic SMA wires were embedded between the layers. The sandwich panels had symmetrical and asymmetrical lay‐ups and SMA wires were placed between the layers with different states. LVI tests were performed by drop weight impact testing machine. Moreover, damaged areas of the panels were estimated using thermography. The experimental results showed that the impact performance of the panels improved after embedding SMA wires. The presence of the SMA within the composite sandwich structure prevented the full perforation of the samples and reduced the internal delamination area. The utilization of SMA wires embedded in front face sheet, which is subject to the direct impact, is more effective than the utilization of wire in the back face layer. It was also found that increasing the layers of the back face and asymmetrication of the structure were more effective than the use of SMA wires in the symmetric structure in improving the panel impact resistance.
Enhancement of the cryogenic‐interfacial‐strength of carbon fiber composites by chemical grafting of graphene oxide/attapulgite on T300
Authors: Yan Meiling , Jiao Weicheng , Li Jun , Huang Yifan , Chu Zhenming , Chen Xiaodan , Shen Feng , Wang Yong , Wang Rongguo , He Xiaodong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA mismatch between the expansion coefficients of carbon fiber (CF, T300) and resin causes thermal deterioration at the interface of composite cryotanks. This study presents an effective method to enhance the cryogenic interfacial properties of a T300/epoxy (EP) composite, in which graphene oxide (GO)/attapulgite (ATP) hierarchical structures are chemically grafted onto the surface of T300. GO and ATP were sequentially assembled on the T300 surface, which changed the morphology of T300 and optimized the interfacial wettability of T300/EP. Surface topography and chemical bonding of grafted T300 fibers (T300‐GO‐ATP) were evaluated by SEM and XPS, respectively. Considering the functioning conditions of composite cryotanks, three cryogenic interfacial testing conditions were designed for the T300‐GO‐ATP/EP composites: −196°C, cryogenic cycling (from RT to −196°C), and immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN2). The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of T300‐GO‐ATP/EP composite at −196°C was 88.3 MPa, 53.1% stronger than that of T300/EP (57.6 MPa). Likewise, the IFSS of T300‐GO‐ATP/EP composites was tested under cryogenic cycling/immersion in LN2, which increased remarkably comparing to those of T300/EP under the same conditions. Results shows that GO/ATP suppress interfacial cracking and enhances the interfacial bonding of T300/EP at cryogenic temperatures through chemical bonding and nanointerlocking.
Insight in the safety profile of antidiabetic agents glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in daily practice from the patient perspective
Authors: van Gorp Anne‐Marie , Rolfes Leàn , Härmark Linda , van der Horst Petra , Hendriks Judith , Vorstenbosch Saskia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe primary aim of this study was to gain insight in the safety profile of the new antidiabetic agents glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors in daily practice. The secondary aim was to compare reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with information described in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) and to generate knowledge about characteristics, like time to onset and outcome of ADRs. This knowledge is important for drug regulators and clinical practice to understand and manage ADRs better.MethodsA prospective, observational web‐based cohort event monitoring study among first‐time users of GLP‐1 agonists and DPP‐4 inhibitors. Patients were recruited through community pharmacies from 2008 to 2016. Participants were invited to complete six web‐based questionnaires over a 1‐year periods after start of the antidiabetic agent. Questions were posed about patient characteristics, drug use, and ADRs. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThen, 743 patients were included. Also 62% of all GLP‐1 agonist users (total n = 119) and 33% of DPP‐4 inhibitor users (total n = 624) experienced an ADR. Of the 10 most reported ADRs, for GLP‐1 agonist all, and for DPP‐4 inhibitors 8 were described in the drug's SPC. For 45 (91%) ADRs, the patients recovered without discontinuation of the GLP‐1 agonist and 79 (73%) ADRs without discontinuation of the DPP‐4 inhibitor therapy.ConclusionsThis study gives insight in the safety profile and ADR characteristics of the new antidiabetic agents. This study provides important knowledge for healthcare professionals in managing ADRs and can be directly applied in consultations in daily practice.
A study on the aromaticity and conjugation pathways of diheterodiazuliporphyrins and their dications
Authors: Tuerhong Mireguli , Kerim Ablikim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aromaticity of a series of diheterodiazuliporphyrins, both in the neutral and the dicationic states, has been investigated using the topological resonance energy (TRE) method. Our TRE results show that in each of the dicationic states, all the diheterodiazuliporphyrin isomers have greater aromaticity than when in their corresponding neutral states. An evaluation of the local aromaticity and of the main aromatic conjugation pathways has been carried out through the use of the bond resonance energy (BRE) and circuit resonance energy (CRE) indices, both in the neutral and dicationic states. Our BRE and CRE results show that the local aromaticity arising from the small rings is much larger and is a greater contributor to global aromaticity than the aromaticity which arises from the main aromatic conjugation pathway. In their neutral states, the azulene units are the main contributors to global aromaticity and the compounds themselves are stabilized primarily by their 10π‐electron peripheral structures. In their dicationic states however, it is the 6π‐electron tropylium unit structures which are the main contributors to the global aromaticity. The strength of the magnetically induced ring current (RC) has been calculated using the Hückel‐London model. The RC results show that current strength and the direction of the induced RC of the macrocyclic circuit play a crucial role in determining the paratropicity or diatropicity of the compound. The correlation between the observed 1H NMR chemical shift and the RC strength is discussed, and good correlation is obtained. Finally, the main impact factors upon aromaticity and the RCs are clarified.
Development and validation of the Fatalistic Causal Attributions of Cancer Questionnaire: A three‐phase study
Authors: Cohen Miri , Rosenfeld Michal , Greenblatt‐Kimron Lee 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTools have been developed to assess the existence and intensity of fatalistic beliefs. Causal attributions of cancer, referring to the foundation for fatalistic views of cancer as being predetermined or reflecting an unavoidable death, are lacking. The aim was to develop and validate the Fatalistic Causal Attributions of Cancer Questionnaire, a measurement tool for studying the causal attributions of cancer.MethodsThree‐phase study. Phase I: Item extraction and development based on focus groups (N = 30) and assessment of content validity. Phase II: Assessment of quality of items and construct validity (exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent validity) of data from 252 participants (aged 50–75). Phase III: Confirmatory factor analysis and assessment of the discriminant validity and reliability of the questionnaire with 127 online respondents (aged 20–70).ResultsIn Phase I, an initial questionnaire was constructed. In Phase II, four factors were identified: Belief in divine providence, belief in personal resilience as a protective factor, belief in chance or luck, and belief in inevitable environmental or genetic factors. The factorial structure of an 18‐item version that emerged in the confirmatory factor analysis had good fit indexes and reliability measures. In Phase III, the 18‐item questionnaire and its factorial structure and reliability were confirmed.ConclusionThe findings show acceptable psychometric properties for the questionnaire. We suggest that this questionnaire should be used with an existing questionnaire that assesses the intensity of fatalistic perceptions for a more comprehensive assessment of fatalism in research and in promoting adherence to screening.
Sleep‐disordered breathing in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Jagpal Sugeet K. , Jobanputra Aesha M. , Ahmed Omar H. , Santiago Teodoro V. , Ramagopal Maya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) is an under recognized comorbidity in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population across the lifespan. Nocturnal hypoxemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and nocturnal hypoventilation are respiratory abnormalities that occur commonly during sleep in patients with lung disease, and have deleterious consequences to the quality of life in people with CF. Effective screening for these abnormalities is needed to allow for timely initiation of treatment, which has been reported to be efficacious. Lack of treatment leads to worsened pulmonary, cardiovascular, and metabolic outcomes in patients. In this review, we give an overview of SDB for the CF clinician, including prevalence, treatment, and suggestions for future research. We strongly encourage the CF community to incorporate evaluation for SDB in CF clinical care so that outcomes for the subset of the CF patients with comorbid SDB improve.
Validation of a prostate cancer polygenic risk score
Authors: Black Mary H. , Li Shuwei , LaDuca Holly , Lo Min‐Tzu , Chen Jefferey , Hoiness Robert , Gutierrez Stephanie , Tippin‐Davis Brigette , Lu Hsiao‐Mei , Gielzak Marta , Wiley Kathleen , Shi Zhuqing , Wei Jun , Zheng Siqun Lilly , Helfand Brian T. , Isaacs William , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenome‐wide association studies have identified over 100 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer (PrCa), and polygenic risk scores (PRS) based on their combined genotypes have been developed for risk stratification. We aimed to assess the contribution of PRS to PrCa risk in a large multisite study.MethodsThe sample included 1972 PrCa cases and 1919 unaffected controls. Next‐generation sequencing was used to assess pathogenic variants in 14 PrCa‐susceptibility genes and 72 validated PrCa‐associated SNPs. We constructed a population‐standardized PRS and tested its association with PrCa using logistic regression adjusted for age and family history of PrCa.ResultsThe mean age of PrCa cases at diagnosis and age of controls at testing/last clinic visit was 59.5 ± 7.2 and 57.2 ± 13.0 years, respectively. Among 1740 cases with pathology data, 57.4% had Gleason score ≤ 6, while 42.6% had Gleason score ≥ 8. In addition, 39.6% cases and 20.1% controls had a family history of PrCa. The PRS was significantly higher in cases than controls (mean ± SD: 1.42 ± 1.11 vs 1.02 ± 0.76; P < .0001). Compared with men in the 1st quartile of age‐adjusted PRS, those in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile were 1.58 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31‐1.90), 2.36 (95% CI: 1.96‐2.84), and 3.98 (95% CI: 3.29‐4.82) times as likely to have PrCa (all P < .0001). Adjustment for family history yielded similar results. PRS predictive performance was consistent with prior literature (area under the receiver operating curve = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.62‐0.66).ConclusionsThese data suggest that a 72‐SNP PRS is predictive of PrCa, supporting its potential use in clinical risk assessment.
Predicting steady‐state endoxifen plasma concentrations in breast cancer patients by CYP2D6 genotyping or phenotyping. Which approach is more reliable?
Authors: Gusella Milena , Pasini Felice , Corso Barbara , Bertolaso Laura , De Rosa Giovanni , Falci Cristina , Modena Yasmina , Barile Carmen , Da Corte Z Donatella , Fraccon AnnaPaola , Toso Silvia , Cretella Elisabetta , Brunello Antonella , Modonesi Caterina , Segati Romana , Oliani Cristina , Minicuci Nadia , Padrini Roberto ,   for the Italian TAM Group
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn previous studies, steady‐state Z‐endoxifen plasma concentrations (ENDOss) correlated with relapse‐free survival in women on tamoxifen (TAM) treatment for breast cancer. ENDOss also correlated significantly with CYP2D6 genotype (activity score) and CYP2D6 phenotype (dextromethorphan test). Our aim was to ascertain which method for assessing CYP2D6 activity is more reliable in predicting ENDOss. The study concerned 203 Caucasian women on tamoxifen‐adjuvant therapy (20 mg q.d.). Before starting treatment, CYP2D6 was genotyped (and activity scores computed), and the urinary log(dextromethorphan/dextrorphan) ratio [log(DM/DX)] was calculated after 15 mg of oral dextromethorphan. Plasma concentrations of TAM, N‐desmethyl‐tamoxifen (ND‐TAM), Z‐4OH‐tamoxifen (4OH‐TAM) and ENDO were assayed 1, 4, and 8 months after first administering TAM. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify the clinical and laboratory variables predicting log‐transformed ENDOss (log‐ENDOss). Genotype‐derived CYP2D6 phenotypes (PM, IM, NM, EM) and log(DM/DX) correlated independently with log‐ENDOss. Genotype‐phenotype concordance was almost complete only for poor metabolizers, whereas it emerged that 34% of intermediate, normal, and ultrarapid metabolizers were classified differently based on log(DM/DX). Multivariable regression analysis selected log(DM/DX) as the best predictor, with patients’ age, weak inhibitor use, and CYP2D6 phenotype decreasingly important: log‐ENDOss = 0.162 ‐ log(DM/DX) × 0.170 + age × 0.0063 ‐ weak inhibitor use × 0.250 + IM × 0.105 + (NM + UM) × 0.210; (R2 = 0.51). In conclusion, log(DM/DX) seems superior to genotype‐derived CYP2D6 phenotype in predicting ENDOss.
Augmented inverse probability weighted fractional imputation in quantile regression
Authors: Cheng Hao 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBy employing all the observed information and the optimal augmentation term, we propose an augmented inverse probability weighted fractional imputation method (AFI) to handle covariates missing at random in quantile regression. Compared with the existing completely case analysis, inverse probability weighting, multiple imputation and fractional imputation based on quantile regression model with missing covarites, we carry out simulation study to investigate its performance in estimation accuracy and efficiency, computational efficiency and estimation robustness. We also talk about the influence of imputation replicates in our AFI. Finally, we apply our methodology to part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.
Regen med therapeutic opportunities for fighting COVID-19
Authors: Atala Anthony , Henn Alicia , Lundberg Martha , Ahsan Taby , Greenberg Jordan , Krukin Jeff , Lynum Steven , Lutz Cat , Cetrulo Kyle , Albanna Mohammad , Pereira Taciana , Eaker Shannon , Hunsberger Joshua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This perspective from a Regenerative Medicine Manufacturing Society working group highlights regenerative medicine therapeutic opportunities for fighting COVID-19. This article addresses why SARS-CoV-2 is so different from other viruses and how regenerative medicine is poised to deliver new therapeutic opportunities to battle COVID-19. We describe animal models that depict the mechanism of action for COVID-19 and that may help identify new treatments. Additionally, organoid platforms that can recapitulate some of the physiological properties of human organ systems, such as the lungs and the heart, are discussed as potential platforms that may prove useful in rapidly screening new drugs and identifying at-risk patients. This article critically evaluates some of the promising regenerative medicine-based therapies for treating COVID-19 and presents some of the collective technologies and resources that the scientific community currently has available to confront this pandemic.
Bias testing, bias correction, and confounder selection using an instrumental variable model
Authors: Yeob Choi Byeong , Fine Jason P. , Alan Brookhart M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInstrumental variable (IV) analysis can be used to address bias due to unobserved confounding when estimating the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome of interest. However, if a proposed IV is correlated with unmeasured confounders and/or weakly correlated with the treatment, the standard IV estimator may be more biased than an ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. Several methods have been proposed that compare the bias of the IV and OLS estimators relying on the belief that measured covariates can be used as proxies for the unmeasured confounder. Despite these developments, there is lack of discussion about approaches that can be used to formally test whether the IV estimator may be less biased than the OLS estimator. Thus, we have developed a testing framework to compare the bias and a criterion to select informative measured covariates for bias comparison and regression adjustment. We also have developed a bias‐correction method, which allows one to use an invalid IV to correct the bias of the OLS or IV estimator. Numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed methods perform well with realistic sample sizes.
Crystal Facet Induced Single‐Atom Pd/CoxOy on a Tunable Metal–Support Interface for Low Temperature Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Xu Zehai , Zhang Yufan , Qin Lei , Meng Qin , Xue Zhen , Qiu Liqin , Zhang Guoliang , Guo Xinwen , Li Qingbiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAtomic dispersed metal sites in single‐atom catalysts are highly mobile and easily sintered to form large particles, which deteriorates the catalytic performance severely. Moreover, lack of criterion concerning the role of the metal–support interface prevents more efficient and wide application. Here, a general strategy is reported to synthesize stable single atom catalysts by crafting on a variety of cobalt‐based nanoarrays with precisely controlled architectures and compositions. The highly uniform, well‐aligned, and densely packed nanoarrays provide abundant oxygen vacancies (17.48%) for trapping Pd single atoms and lead to the creation of 3D configured catalysts, which exhibit very competitive activity toward low temperature CO oxidation (100% conversion at 90 °C) and prominent long‐term stability (continuous conversion at 60 °C for 118 h). Theoretical calculations show that O vacancies at high‐index {112} facet of CoxOy nanocrystallite are preferential sites for trapping single atoms, which guarantee strong interface adhesion of Pd species to cobalt‐based support and play a pivotal role in preventing the decrement of activity, even under moisture‐rich conditions (≈2% water vapor). The progress presents a promising opportunity for tailoring catalytic properties consistent with the specific demand on target process, beyond a facile design with a tunable metal–support interface.
Sub‐3 nm Aluminum Nanocrystals Exhibiting Cluster‐Like Optical Properties
Authors: Chen Runze , Cheng Xiaoyu , Zhang Chi , Wu Hao , Zhu Haiming , He Sailing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetal nanoclusters with distinct photophysical and photochemical properties have drawn intense research interests for their applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, and biomedicine. Herein, strong evidence is provided that light metal is capable of generating comparable optical responses of noble metal nanoclusters, but at much shorter wavelength. Air‐stable, size‐uniform, sub‐3 nm aluminum nanocrystals are prepared with simple solution based synthetic procedures, with photoluminescence located in the ultraviolet range and short exciton lifetime. Partial modulation of the photoluminescence is achieved, indicating the key role of surface oxides. This work is envisioned to inspire new frontiers of nanocluster research with light metals.
Polyimide@Ketjenblack Composite: A Porous Organic Cathode for Fast Rechargeable Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chenglin , Xu Yang , He Kaiming , Dong Yulian , Zhao Huaping , Medenbach Lukas , Wu Yuhan , Balducci Andrea , Hannappel Thomas , Lei Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) configurated by organic electrodes have been identified as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries. Here, a porous organic Polyimide@Ketjenblack is demonstrated in PIBs as a cathode, which exhibits excellent performance with a large reversible capacity (143 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1), high rate capability (125 and 105 mAh g−1 at 1000 and 5000 mA g−1), and long cycling stability (76% capacity retention at 2000 mA g−1 over 1000 cycles). The domination of fast capacitive‐like reaction kinetics is verified, which benefits from the porous structure synthesized using in situ polymerization. Moreover, a renewable and low‐cost full cell is demonstrated with superior rate behavior (106 mAh g−1 at 3200 mA g−1). This work proposes a strategy to design polymer electrodes for high‐performance organic PIBs.
3D printing with steel
Authors: Lange Jörg , Feucht Thilo , Erven Maren 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExtended keynote paper of Eurosteel 2021Automated production is finding its way into the fabrication of structural steel. One robot holds attachments (stiffeners, end plates, etc.) on a steel beam or column and another robot produces weld seams. However, welding robots can also be used for Additive Manufacturing (Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing, WAAM). The wire electrode serves as a printing material. The Institute of Steel Construction and Materials Mechanics in Darmstadt is investigating how typical connecting elements for steel structures can be printed directly on steel beams using Additive Manufacturing with arc welding and robots. Furthermore, structural elements such as nodes for space frames can be printed and even complete structures, e.g. columns and a little bridge, have already been manufactured additively. The main focus is on determining suitable welding and process parameters. In addition, topology optimization is necessary in order to achieve good structures using a small amount of material. This is possible due to the free design prospects of WAAM, which opens up new design and production strategies.
Optical coherence tomography for tissue classification of the larynx in an outpatient setting‐a translational challenge on the verge of a resolution?
Authors: Wittig Lukas , Betz Christian , Eggert Dennis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe detection and tissue classification of mucosal lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) is crucial for the development of a treatment plan. Using modern endoscopic examination techniques mucosal changes can be detected early on in an office‐based setting. However, the further classification of these lesions requires a surgical procedure with a biopsy taken under general anesthesia. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive, light‐based optical tool which can provide high‐resolution cross‐sectional images of tissue at near microscopic resolution. Applying it through a single mode optical fiber allows endoscopic approaches. Routine endoscopic assessment and a thin epithelial layer makes the larynx the perfect organ for implementing OCT into the clinical endoscopic routine. This review is focused on summarizing previous and ongoing translational applications of OCT imaging for tissue classification in the UADT focusing on the larynx, discussing limitations and benefits and offering an outlook on possible future applications.