bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and probabilistic simulation of Listeria monocytogenes inactivation in cooked beef during unsteady heating
Authors: Liu Yangtai , Dong Qingli , Wang Xiang , Liu Baolin , Yuan Sanling 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis study was aimed at predicting the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked beef during unsteady heating. A one‐step approach was firstly applied to determine the thermodynamic coefficient of the beef sample. Then, inactivation kinetics was estimated by constructing the empirical heat transfer model and the log‐linear dynamic inactivation model. Validations showed that the integrated model could accurately describe L monocytogenes dynamic inactivation under unsteady heating conditions. With the bootstrap and Monte Carlo approach, the stochastic inactivation of L. monocytogenes could be further simulated by considering the model uncertainty and strain variability. A higher uncertainty of the time for 4 log CFU g‐1 reduction presented when the endpoint temperature was relatively lower. The present study might provide a practical way to predict the bacterial dynamic and stochastic inactivation for further probabilistic risk assessment.
Silencing of the phosphofructokinase gene impairs glycolysis and causes abnormal locomotion in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder
Authors: Hassan A. , Huang Q. , Xu H. , Wu J. , Mehmood N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhosphofructokinase (PFK) is a rate‐limiting enzyme in glycolysis, but its linkage with locomotion in termites is not well understood, despite the demonstrated involvement of this gene in the locomotion of different animals. Here, we investigated the effect of the pfk gene on locomotion in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder through RNA interference and the use of an Ethovision XT tracking system. The knockdown of pfk resulted in significantly decreased expression of the pfk gene in different castes of termites. The pfk‐silenced workers displayed higher levels of glucose but lower levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and decreased activity of the PFK enzyme. Furthermore, abnormal locomotion (decreased distance travelled, velocity and acceleration but increased turn angle, angular velocity and meander) was observed in different castes of pfk‐silenced termites. We found caste‐specific locomotion among workers, soldiers and dealates. Additionally, soldiers and dealates showed higher velocity in the inner zone than in the wall zone, which is considered an effective behaviour to avoid predation. These findings reveal the close linkage between the pfk gene and locomotion in termites, which helps us to better understand the regulatory mechanism and caste specificity of social behaviours in social insects.
IL‐21 treatment recovers follicular helper T cells and neutralizing antibody production in respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Gassen Rodrigo Benedetti , Fazolo Tiago , Nascimento de Freitas Deise , Borges Thiago J , Lima Karina , Antunes Géssica L. , Maito Fábio , Bueno Mendes Daniel AG , Báfica André , Rodrigues Luiz Carlos , Stein Renato , Duarte de Souza Ana Paula , Bonorino Cristina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children under 1 year. RSV vaccines are currently unavailable, and children suffering from multiple reinfections by the same viral strain fail to develop protective responses. Although RSV‐specific antibodies can be detected upon infection, these have limited neutralizing capacity. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are specialized in providing signals to B cells and help the production and affinity maturation of antibodies, mainly via interleukin (IL) 21 secretion. In this study, we evaluated whether RSV could inhibit Tfh responses. We observed that Tfh cells fail to upregulate IL‐21 production upon RSV infection. In the lungs, RSV infection downregulated the expression of IL‐21/interleukin‐21 receptor (IL‐21R) in Tfh cells and upregulated programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells. PD‐L1 blockade during infection recovered IL‐21R expression in Tfh cells and increased the secretion of IL‐21 in a DC‐dependent manner. IL‐21 treatment decreased RSV viral load and lung inflammation, inducing the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs in the lung. It also decreased regulatory follicular T cells, and increased Tfh cells, B cells, antibody avidity and neutralization capacity, leading to an overall improved anti‐RSV humoral response in infected mice. Passive immunization with purified immunoglobulin G from IL‐21‐treated RSV‐infected mice protected against RSV infection. Our results unveil a pathway by which RSV affects Tfh cells by increasing PD‐L1 expression on antigen‐presenting cells, highlighting the importance of an IL‐21–PD‐L1 axis for the generation of protective responses to RSV infection.
Nurses’ psychological changes and coping strategies during home isolation for the 2019 novel coronavirus in China: A qualitative study
Authors: Zhang Mao‐Mao , Niu Niu , Zhi Xiao‐Xu , Zhu Ping , Wu Bing , Wu Bai‐Nv , Meng Ai‐Feng , Zhao Yun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore the psychological changes of nurses during home isolation, the factors that related with these changes, and coping strategies in home isolation during the epidemic of COVID‐19 in China.DesignA qualitative study based on grounded theory.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted from January 2020‐February 2020 with 10 nurses who were isolated at home sharing the experiences of the epidemic of COVID‐19. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed using constant comparative data analysis.ResultsAnalyses of the collected data reveal that the psychological changes of nurses during home isolation reflect a complex, dynamic, and gradually adaptive process that was affected by many factors. Nurses had many negative emotional reactions in the early stages of isolation and positive emotions gradually increased during home isolation. After release from home isolation, they become more confident and calm after. Six categories of coping strategies were identified, including reasoned cognition; autosuggestion; develop healthy protective behaviours; shifting attention; social support; and the power of a role model.ConclusionsThe study provides a better understanding of the psychological changes and the coping strategies used among nurses isolated at home. It is necessary to pay more attention to negative emotions in the early stages of home isolation to help nurses adjust quickly. The coping strategies used by nurses are likely to help those in home isolation reduce negative psychological changes and experience more optimal self‐adjustment.ImpactThis study explored the psychological changes and coping strategies of home isolation among nurses, providing useful advice for psychologists to develop psychological crisis interventions to help individuals reduce negative psychological and have more actively coping strategies when faced sudden stressful infectious diseases.
The endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in kidney disease: Implications for vascular growth factors
Authors: Ricciardi Carlo Alberto , Gnudi Luigi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent an important challenge for healthcare providers. The identification of new biomarkers/pharmacological targets for kidney disease is required for the development of more effective therapies. Several studies have shown the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathophysiology of AKI and CKD. ER is a cellular organelle devolved to protein biosynthesis and maturation, and cellular detoxification processes which are activated in response to an insult. This review aimed to dissect the cellular response to ER stress which manifests with activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) with its major branches, namely PERK, IRE1α, ATF6 and the interplay between ER and mitochondria in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. Further, we will discuss the relationship between mediators of renal injury (with specific focus on vascular growth factors) and ER stress and UPR in the pathophysiology of both AKI and CKD with the aim to propose potential new targets for treatment for kidney disease.
The association between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis in Spain: Results from the WORALTH (Workers’ ORAL healTH) Study
Authors: Montero Eduardo , Molina Ana , Carasol Miguel , Fernández‐Meseguer Ana , Calvo‐Bonacho Eva , Teresa García‐Margallo María , Sanz Mariano , Herrera David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionEvidence of an association between periodontitis and MetS (metabolic syndrome) remains controversial. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between periodontitis and MetS in a cross‐sectional population survey.Material and MethodsWORALTH (Workers’ ORAL healTH) Study is a cross‐sectional survey, conducted on a representative sample of the Spanish employed population, including 5154 participants. An oral examination following the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria evaluated the periodontal status using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Clinical Attachment Levels (CAL). Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis and MetS, and its individual components.ResultsParticipants presenting a CPI = 4 were more likely to have MetS than subjects with CPI < 4 [odds ratio, OR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.81; p < 0.001]. High blood pressure was the component with stronger association with periodontal status (OR = 1.94 for CAL ≥6 mm; 95% CI 1.49–2.53; p < 0.001). After stratifying for sex, the association was higher in women (OR = 2.20 for CPI = 4; 95% CI 1.31–3.62; p < 0.001). Non‐metabolically healthy subjects, obese or not, presented a worse periodontal condition.ConclusionSevere periodontitis (CPI = 4) was associated with MetS in a representative sample of the Spanish employed population. This association seems to be independent of body mass index and other potential confounders.
Different injection patterns of incobotulinumtoxinA for crow’s feet: a split‐face comparative study
Authors: Vachiramon V. , Subpayasarn U. , Triyangkulsri K. , Jurairattanaporn N. , Rattananukrom T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncobotulinumtoxinA has been previously used for the treatment of lateral periorbital lines (crow’s feet). However, a standardized injection technique has not been established.ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and effect duration of two injection techniques of incobotulinumtoxinA for crow’s feet treatment.MethodsForty‐eight patients with crow’s feet were recruited and randomly assigned to receive bilateral treatments using either a 3‐point intramuscular or a 6‐point intradermal injection technique (8–12 units of incobotulinumtoxinA on each side). Improvement was assessed at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks postinjection. An objective evaluation was assessed by the indentation index using a 3D camera and a subjective evaluation was assessed by a blinded dermatologist using the Flynn validated assessment scale (FVAS) for the upper face. The patients assessed the results using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Side‐effects were evaluated at each visit.ResultsAfter treatment, a significantly greater reduction in the indentation index of periorbital wrinkles on the 3‐point intramuscular injection side compared with the 6‐point intradermal injection side was observed at 8, 12, and 16 weeks. The results from the FVAS and GAIS scores showed significantly longer median times to relapse of the periorbital wrinkle for the 3‐point intramuscular injection compared with the 6‐point intradermal injection. Pain and bruising were slightly greater with the 6‐point intradermal technique.ConclusionsThis study reaffirmed the efficacy of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of crow’s feet. The 3‐point intramuscular injection technique yielded greater efficacy and longer duration of action than the 6‐point intradermal injection technique.
Secukinumab demonstrates high efficacy and a favourable safety profile in paediatric patients with severe chronic plaque psoriasis: 52‐week results from a Phase 3 double‐blind randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Bodemer C. , Kaszuba A. , Kingo K. , Tsianakas A. , Morita A. , Rivas E. , Papanastasiou P. , Keefe D. , Patekar M. , Charef P. , Zhang L. , Cafoncelli S. , Papavassilis C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSecukinumab has demonstrated sustained long‐term efficacy with a favourable safety profile in various psoriatic disease manifestations in adults.ObjectivesHere, the efficacy and safety of two secukinumab dosing regimens [low dose (LD) and high dose (HD)] in paediatric patients with severe chronic plaque psoriasis over one year are reported.MethodsIn this multicentre, double‐blind study (NCT02471144), patients aged 6 to <18 years with severe chronic plaque psoriasis were stratified and randomized by weight (<25 kg, 25 to <50 kg, ≥50 kg) and age (6 to <12 years, 12 to <18 years) to receive low‐dose (LD: 75/75/150 mg) or high‐dose (HD: 75/150/300 mg) subcutaneous secukinumab or placebo or etanercept 0.8 mg/kg (up to a max of 50 mg).ResultsOverall, 162 patients were randomized to receive secukinumab LD (n = 40) or HD (n = 40), etanercept (n = 41) or placebo (n = 41). The co‐primary objectives of the study were met with both secukinumab doses (LD and HD) showing superior efficacy compared to placebo (P < 0.0001) with respect to PASI 75 response (80.0%, 77.5% vs. 14.6%) and IGA mod 2011, 0 or 1 response (70%, 60% vs. 4.9%) at Week 12. Both secukinumab doses were superior to placebo (P < 0.0001) with respect to PASI 90 response at Week 12 (72.5%, 67.5% vs. 2.4%). The efficacy of both doses was sustained to Week 52 with secukinumab achieving higher responses vs. etanercept (PASI 75/90/100: LD, 87.5%/75.0%/40.0% and HD, 87.5%/80.0%/47.5.% vs. etanercept, 68.3%/51.2%/22.0% and IGA 0 or 1: LD, 72.5% and HD, 75.0% vs. etanercept, 56.1%). The safety profile of secukinumab was consistent with the adult Phase 3 studies, with no new safety signals identified.ConclusionsBoth doses of secukinumab demonstrated high and sustained efficacy up to Week 52 with a favourable safety profile in paediatric patients with severe chronic plaque psoriasis.
Pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse by OX‐B to enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis for ethanol fermentation
Authors: da Siva Martins Luiza Helena , Komesu Andrea , Moreira Neto João , de Oliveira Johnatt Allan Rocha , Rabelo Sarita Cândida , da Costa Aline Carvalho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe main by‐product of the alcohol industry is the sugarcane bagasse, which can be used to produce second generation ethanol. Studies about pretreatment technologies are increasingly greater, a fundamental step for the efficient this fuel production. The reagents and wastewater treatment costs are still a bottleneck for this type of technology. The present work aimed to study the pretreatments of sugarcane bagasse using a highly oxidative solution Ox‐B. In this study we used high solids loadings, aimed at reducing the use of reagent and the water consumption. We carried out an experimental design 32 for the pretreatment step. The pretreated material followed an enzymatic hydrolysis with 10% (m/v) loading, and enzymatic loading of 15 Filter Paper Units (FPU)/g and 25 cellobiose units (CBU)/g of bagasse. For the best pretreatment condition the desirability tool showed the best pretreatment condition for the release of glucose as 20% solids, 25°C and 2 h, achieving 251.94 mg of glucose per gram of raw bagasse. However, the maximum ethanol yield was 70%, that possible was affected by the presence of chlorine in the pre‐treated mass that has been affected the fermentation process. In general, Ox‐B proved to be a potential pretreatment agent for sugarcane bagasse.Practical ApplicationsSugarcane bagasse is a residual material which can be used for second‐generation (2G) bioethanol production. In this study, Ox–B pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse using high solid loadings, both in the pretreatment (20–40% w/v) and the enzymatic hydrolysis (10–20% w/v) stages was conducted in order to reduce reagent usage and consumption of water. The studies will be useful for ethanol production from lignocellulose.
Quality of life, symptom severity and level of functioning in people with severe mental illness ready for hospital discharge
Authors: Tong Chien Wai , Thompson David R. , Fong Leung Sau , Bressington Daniel 
Published: October 2020

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

The quality of life (QoL) of people with severe mental illness (SMI) is a growing international concern.

Many earlier studies report the determinants and correlates of QoL and functioning in people with SMI in Western countries.

The QoL and functioning of Asian inpatients with SMI are largely unknown, particularly at the point where they have been assessed as being ready for hospital discharge.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Physical health, social functioning and community living skills, and negative symptoms are important areas of concern immediately pre‐discharge.

Social relationship related QoL, overall symptoms, unemployment, education level, living situation, physical illness and treatment duration predict functioning levels.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses should consider interventions beyond the traditional focus on psychopathology to improve functioning outcomes in people with SMI recently discharged from hospital.

Inpatient services should utilise the opportunity to monitor and address physical health problems before discharge from inpatient care.

AbstractIntroductionThere is a lack of evidence on quality of life (QoL) and functioning in Asian people with severe mental illness (SMI) immediately prior to hospital discharge. This information could have major implications for treatment.AimTo profile perceived quality of life, symptom severity and level of functioning among people with SMI.MethodsA cross‐sectional study involving 347 adult inpatients with SMI. QoL (WHO Quality of Life ‐ Brief Form), symptom severity (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and level of functioning (Specific Level of Functioning) were measured immediately pre‐discharge.ResultsParticipants reported low social relationship‐related QOL. Weak correlations were found between functioning, QoL and symptoms. Regression analysis identified the social relationship QoL domain, employment status, education level, living situation, physical illnesses, overall symptoms and the duration of receiving psychiatric services were statistically significant predictors of functioning levels.DiscussionThe findings may highlight a need for interventions beyond the traditional emphasis on psychiatric symptoms in order to improve functioning following an inpatient admission.Implications for practiceInterventions to improve functioning in recently discharged people with SMI may need to be specifically designed to improve patients’ social relationships, support return to employment and minimise the risk of physical illness.
Reframing the early childhood obesity prevention narrative through an equitable nurturing approach
Authors: Skouteris Helen , Bergmeier Heidi J. , Berns Scott D. , Betancourt Jeanette , Boynton‐Jarrett Renée , Davis Martha B. , Gibbons Kay , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Story Mary 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh‐quality mother–child interactions during the first 2,000 days, from conception to age 5 years, are considered crucial for preventing obesity development during early life stages. However, mother–child dyads interact within and are influenced by broader socio‐ecological contexts involved in shaping child development outcomes, including nutrition. Hence, the coexistence of both undernutrition and obesity has been noted in inequitable social conditions, with drivers of undernutrition and overnutrition in children sharing common elements, such as poverty and food insecurity. To date, a holistic life‐course approach to childhood obesity prevention that includes an equitable developmental perspective has not emerged. The World Health Organization (WHO) Nurturing Care Framework provides the foundation for reframing the narrative to understand childhood obesity through the lens of an equitable nurturing care approach to child development from a life‐course perspective. In this perspective, we outline our rationale for reframing the childhood narrative by integrating an equitable nurturing care approach to childhood obesity prevention. Four key elements of reframing the narrative include: (a) extending the focus from the current 1,000 to 2,000 days (conception to 5 years); (b) highlighting the importance of nurturing mutually responsive child‐caregiver connections to age 5; (c) recognition of racism and related stressors, not solely race/ethnicity, as part of adverse child experiences and social determinants of obesity; and (d) addressing equity by codesigning interventions with socially marginalized families and communities. An equitable, asset‐based engagement of families and communities could drive the transformation of policies, systems and social conditions to prevent childhood obesity.
A rabbit model for evaluating ocular damage from acrolein toxicity in vivo
Authors: Gupta Suneel , Fink Michael K. , Martin Lynn M. , Sinha Prashant R. , Rodier Jason T. , Sinha Nishant R. , Hesemann Nathan P. , Chaurasia Shyam S. , Mohan Rajiv R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcrolein is a highly reactive and volatile unsaturated aldehyde commonly used for producing scores of commercial products. It has been recognized as a chemical weapon since its use during World War I, and more recently, in Syria. Acrolein exposure causes severe eye, skin, and lung damage in addition to many casualties. In the eye, it causes severe pain, eyelid swelling, corneal burns, and vision impairment. Very little information is available about how acrolein damages the cornea and causes vision loss. At present, the lack of clinically relevant animal models limits evaluation of acrolein toxicity and mechanisms specific to the eye. We aim to standardize the mode of delivery and exposure duration of acrolein, damaging the rabbit eye in vivo as an ocular injury model for studying the toxicity of acrolein and developing medical countermeasures. Rabbit eyes were exposed to two modes of delivery (topical and vapor) for different durations (1–5 minutes). Clinical ophthalmic examinations with a slit lamp, stereomicroscope, fluorescein dye, pachymeter, tonometer, and tearing examinations in live rabbits were performed at various times up to 4 weeks. Corneas were histologically diagnosed for transparency, fibrosis, collagens, and neovascularization. Our study successfully established an in vivo rabbit model for evaluating acrolein toxicity to the eye, accounting for different modes and durations of exposure.