bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the measurement properties of patient reported outcome measures used for adults with an ankle fracture
Authors: McKeown Rebecca , Ellard David R. , Rabiu Abdul-Rasheed , Karasouli Eleni , Kearney Rebecca S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Ankle fractures are painful and debilitating injuries that pose a significant burden to society and healthcare systems. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are commonly used outcome measures in clinical trials of interventions for ankle fracture but there is little evidence on their validity and reliability. This systematic review aims to identify and appraise evidence for the measurement properties of ankle specific PROMs used in adults with an ankle fracture using Consensus Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instrument (COSMIN) methodology.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL online databases for evidence of measurement properties of ankle specific PROMs. Articles were included if they assessed or described the development of the PROM in adults with ankle fracture. Articles were ineligible if they used the PROM to assess the measurement properties of another instrument. Abstracts without full articles and conference proceedings were ineligible, as were articles that adapted the PROM under evaluation without any formal justification of the changes as part of a cross-cultural validation or translation process. Two reviewers completed the screening. To assess methodological quality we used COSMIN risk of bias checklist and summarised evidence using COSMIN quality criteria and a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality and extracted the data for a sample of articles.

Results
The searches returned a total of 377 articles. From these, six articles were included after application of eligibility criteria. These articles evaluated three PROMs: A-FORM, OMAS and AAOS. The A-FORM had evidence of a robust development process within the patient population, however lacks post-formulation testing. The OMAS showed sufficient levels of reliability, internal consistency and construct validity. The AAOS showed low quality evidence of sufficient construct validity.

Conclusions
There is insufficient evidence to support the recommendation of a particular PROM for use in adult ankle fracture research based on COSMIN methodology. Further validation of these outcome measures is required in order to ensure PROMs used in this area are sufficiently valid and reliable to assess treatment effects. This would enable high quality, evidenced-based management of adults with ankle fracture.
Comparison of the effects of low-level laser and pulsed and continuous ultrasound on pain and physical disability in chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Rubira Ana Paula Fernandes De Angelis , Rubira Marcelo Custódio , Rubira Lucas De Angelis , Comachio Josielli , Magalhães Maurício Oliveira , Marques Amélia Pasqual 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective
To compare the short-term effects of pulsed laser and pulsed and continuous ultrasound on pain and functional disability in women with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Methods
The sample was composed of 100 volunteers randomly allocated into four groups: The Pulsed Laser Group (n = 26) was treated with 3 J/cm2; the Pulsed Ultrasound Group (n = 24; 3 MHz) was treated with 1 W/cm2; the Continuous Ultrasound Group (n = 26; 1 MHz) was treated with 1 W/cm2; and a Control Group (n = 24), where the patients were still waiting for treatment. Before and after 10 sessions of treatment, the intensity of pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the quality of pain was evaluated using the McGill pain questionnaire and functional disability was investigated using the Roland–Morris questionnaire.

Results
The three treated groups exhibited a decrease in pain (p < 0.001); the Pulsed Laser Group showed the greater relative gain (91.2%), Meanwhile, the Control Group exhibited a worsening of − 5.8%. The three treated groups demonstrated improvement in the quality of pain (McGill) in the total, sensory and affective dimensions (p < 0.005; p < 0.002; p < 0.013, respectively). All treated groups showed a decrease in functional disability (p < 0.001), but the Pulsed Ultrasound Group showed the highest relative gain (83.3%).

Conclusions
The three modalities have significant effects to decreasing low back pain and improving functional disability in women with non-specific chronic low back pain, but the pulsed low-level laser had the best results on pain while the pulsed ultrasound had the best results on improve the functional disability.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02150096.
Noble metal-free two dimensional carbon-based electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Younis Muhammad Adnan , Lyu Siliu , Zhao Qidong , Lei Chaojun , Zhang Peiling , Yang Bin , Li Zhongjian , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang , Feng Xinliang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNoble metal materials are widely employed as benchmark electrocatalysts to achieve electrochemical water splitting which comprises of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the high cost and scarcity limit the wide ranging commercial applications of noble metal-based catalysts. Development of noble metal-free two dimensional (2D) carbon-based materials can not only reduce the consumption of noble metals, but also create materials with the characteristics of high active surface area, abundance, easy functionalization, and chemical stability, which may carve a way to promising electrochemical water splitting. In this review, noble metal-free 2D carbon-based electrocatalysts, including heteroatom (B, S, N, P, F, and O) doped graphene, 2D porous carbons modified with heteroatoms and/or transition metals, and 2D carbon-based hybrids are introduced as cost-effective alternatives to the noble metal-based electrocatalysts with comparable efficiencies to conduct HER, OER, and overall water splitting. This review emphasizes on current development in synthetic strategies and structure–property relationships of noble metal-free 2D carbon-based electrocatalysts, together with major challenges and perspectives of noble metal-free 2D carbon-based electrocatalysts for further electrochemical applications.
Value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in assessment of adnexal lesions
Authors: Ibrahim Rania S. M. , El Fattah Marwa Sh. Abd , Metwally Zeinab M. , Eldin Lamiaa A. S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in the characterization and diagnosis of ovarian lesions.

Results
From October 2015 to October 2017, a total of 57 female patients (65 adnexal lesions; 8 cases were bilateral) were included. The examined lesions were classified according to their histopathological findings, (37 (57%) benign lesions, 4 (6%) borderline lesions, and 24 (37%) malignant lesions). The mean choline/creatinine (CHO/Cr) ratio was 1.29 ± 0.98 SD for malignant lesions, while the mean value in borderline lesions was 0.63 ± 0.15 SD, and the mean value for the benign lesions was 0.65 ± 0.34. Therefore, the mean CHO/Cr ratio was much higher in malignant than in benign lesions, which was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001) as well as between the borderline and invasive lesions (P = 0.05), but not between the benign and borderline lesions. The diagnostic performance of conventional MRI in diagnosing adnexal lesions was 100%, specificity was 76%, and accuracy was 86%. However, MRS individual diagnostic performances are the following: sensitivity 89%, specificity, and 100% with an accuracy of 95%.

Conclusion
MRS proved to be an accurate and efficient method for the analysis of adnexal lesions and in differentiation between benign and malignant tumors.
Regulation of terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation in Prmt5 mutant mice modeling infantile idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Liu Zhaoyang , Ramachandran Janani , Vokes Steven A. , Gray Ryan S. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is the most common type of musculoskeletal defect affecting children worldwide, and is classified by age of onset, location and degree of spine curvature. Although rare, IS with onset during infancy is the more severe and rapidly progressive form of the disease, associated with increased mortality due to significant respiratory compromise. The pathophysiology of IS, in particular for infantile IS, remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the role of PRMT5 in the infantile IS phenotype in mouse. Conditional genetic ablation of PRMT5 in osteochondral progenitors results in impaired terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and asymmetric defects of endochondral bone formation in the perinatal spine. Analysis of these several markers of endochondral ossification revealed increased type X collagen (COLX) and Ihh expression, coupled with a dramatic reduction in Mmp13 and RUNX2 expression, in the vertebral growth plate and in regions of the intervertebral disc in the Prmt5 conditional mutant mice. We also demonstrate that PRMT5 has a continuous role in the intervertebral disc and vertebral growth plate in adult mice. Altogether, our results establish PRMT5 as a critical promoter of terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and endochondral bone formation during spine development and homeostasis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Ablation of Bscl2/seipin in hepatocytes does not cause metabolic dysfunction in congenital generalised lipodystrophy
Authors: Mcilroy George D. , Mitchell Sharon E. , Han Weiping , Delibegović Mirela , Rochford Justin J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Mutations affecting the BSCL2 gene cause the most severe form of congenital generalised lipodystrophy (CGL). Affected individuals develop severe metabolic complications including diabetes and hepatic steatosis. Bscl2-deficient mice almost entirely reproduce the CGL phenotype. Adipose tissue-specific loss of Bscl2 is also sufficient to cause early-onset generalised lipodystrophy in mice. However, these mice do not show severe metabolic dysfunction, even when challenged with a high-fat diet. Germline Bscl2 loss in mice and BSCL2 disruption in humans causes severe hepatic steatosis, and the encoded protein, seipin, has acknowledged roles in lipid accumulation. Given the critical role of the liver in glucose regulation, we speculated that intact hepatic Bscl2 expression may protect adipose tissue-specific Bscl2-deficient mice from metabolic disease. To investigate this, we generated a novel mouse model in which Bscl2 has been deleted in both adipose tissue and hepatocytes simultaneously using an adeno-associated viral vector. Despite achieving efficient disruption of Bscl2 in the liver, hepatic lipid accumulation and metabolic homeostasis was unaffected in mice fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. We also investigated the consequences of BSCL2 ablation in the human hepatocyte HepG2 cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. No significant increases in lipid accumulation were observed in BSCL2 knockout cell lines. Overall, we reveal that Bscl2/BSCL2 does not appear to play a cell-autonomous role in the regulation of lipid accumulation in the liver. Loss of hepatic BSCL2 is therefore unlikely to contribute significantly to the development of hepatic steatosis or metabolic dysfunction in this form of CGL.
Gastric perforation following improper cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Zhou Guang-Ju , Jin Pin , Jiang Shou-Yin 
Published: December 2019

Gastric perforation is a rare complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), mostly resulting from incorrect airway management. If left unrecognized, it is associated with high mortality and morbidity. We present a case of gastric perforation after improper CPR. A 56-year-old drunken male was sent to the emergency department due to coma after fall onto the ground. He was thought to have cardiac arrest at scene and was saved with CPR maneuver by his friends who has never been trained before. He was taken to the hospital by emergency medical service personnel and presented with abdominal distention and extensive pneumoperitoneum. Emergency laparotomy was performed which revealed gastric perforation at the lesser curvature of the stomach. The laceration was repaired without any difficulty and the patient was discharged home without any neurological deficit. The aim of this report is to remind the public and emergency physicians that gastric perforation should be suspected in patients with distended abdomen and pneumoperitoneum after CPR. Because the most common risk factor for CPR-related gastric perforation is the bystander-provided resuscitation, it is encouraged for the public to take formal CPR training.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1363
How to cite this:Zhou GJ, Jin P, Jiang SY. Gastric perforation following improper cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):296-298. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.1363
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Do Princípio à Prática: um estudo sobre as políticas públicas para direitos humanos e o caso do refúgio no Canadá
Authors: Loureiro Gustavo Do Amaral , Leomil Luiz Felipy Dos Santos Costa 
Published: December 2019

Os Direitos Humanos são princípios que orientam ou devem orientar as ações dos Estados, sociedades e indivíduos, porém, estes não possuem necessariamente o poder de configurar obrigações jurídicas. Bucci (2001) argumenta que para transformá-los de princípios em instrumentos com poder de regra, é necessário estabelecer políticas públicas para direitos humanos. Assim, este trabalho busca verificar a hipótese da autora através de um estudo de caso sobre o sistema de refúgio no Canadá a fim de observar os efeitos causados pela construção de uma política pública apropriada para abordar o problema em questão. O país, que aderiu tardiamente aos acordos internacionais sobre o refúgio, não somente adequou-se às normas propostas pela comunidade internacional, comotornou-se referência na recepção, proteção e reassentamento de refugiados.Palavras-chave: Políticas Públicas, Direitos Humanos, Canadá.ABSTRACTHuman Rights are principles that guide, or should guide, the actions of States and societies and individuals, but they don’t necessarily have the power to create judicial obligations. Bucci (2001) states that the path to transform them from principles to tools with legal power, it is necessary to develop public policies for human rights. Therefore, this work aspires to verify the author’s hypothesis through a case study on Canada’s refuge system to observe the effects of the development of an appropriate public policy to this end. The country, a late adherent to the international treaties on refugees, not only adapted to the norms proposed by the international community but also became a point of reference for the reception, protection and resettlement of refugees.Keywords: Public Policies, Human Rights, Canada.Recebido em: 11 fev. 2019 | Aceito em: 03 dez. 2019
DEMOCRACIA DELIBERATIVA DE RAWLS E HABERMAS
Authors: Pereira Elaine Lucio 
Published: December 2019

Resumo: O presente trabalho pretende estabelecer uma analogia entre as teorias democráticas deliberativas de John Rawls e Jürgen Habermas, por meio de uma análise comparativa. As concepções formuladas pelos dois expoentes teóricos sobre o tema buscam equacionar o pluralismo político com diferentes justificativas. O tema foi eleito em razão da importância de discussão das fontes de legitimação dos Estados democráticos. Enquanto Rawls propõe uma democracia substantiva, Habermas defende a procedimental. O objetivo é traçar, em linhas gerais, as teorias de ambos, sem exposição de juízo de valor entre elas, e destacar seus pontos de convergência e os antagônicos. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa bibliográfica dedutiva, tendo como base algumas das principais obras dos autores, além de obras e artigos de seus comentadores O artigo aborda, em primeiro lugar, a Teoria da Justiça como Equidade, de Rawls, com a retomada da teoria contratualista com peculiaridades; a posição original e o véu da ignorância; o consenso sobreposto e a razão pública e os princípios da justiça. Em um segundo momento, é exposta a democracia procedimental de Habermas, o agir comunicativo e a esfera pública, a equiprimordialidade entre autonomia pública e privada e a Teoria Discursiva do Direito. Por fim, salientam-se os principais pontos de convergência, bem como as divergências, enfatizando-se a importância da democracia deliberativa nos países democráticos.Palavras-chaves: Democracia Deliberativa. Pluralismo Político. Justiça como Equidade. Esfera Pública. Abstract: This works aim to establish an analogy between Deliberative Democratic Theory from John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas through a comparative analysis. The conceptions developed by these two exponents theoreticians seek to give some thoughts to political pluralism using different justifications. This theme was chosen in order to feed into the discussion on the importance of the legitimacy of the Democratic State. John Rawl’s theory sets out substantive democracy, whereas Habermas proposes the procedural one. This paper attempts to outline both theories, without making value judgments, however it intends to highlight points of convergence and divergence. The method used was the deductive bibliographic research relaying on major works from these two authors and on writings an articles from their commentators. In an attempt to shed some light on the debate, primarily this paper discusses Rawl’s Theory os Justice as Equity from the point of view of Contractual Theory and its specials characteristics, the original position and the veil of ignorance, public reason and principles of justice. In a second moment, it presents Habermas Procedural Theory, communicative action, public sphere, equiprimordiality between public and private autonomy and Law Discursive Theory. Lastly, this works draws attention to the main points of agreement as well as disagreements emphasizing the importance of the deliberative democracy in democratic countries.Keywords: Deliberative Democracy. Political Pluralism. Justice as Equity. Public Sphere.
Wavelength tunable, single-longitudinal-mode optical parametric oscillator with a transversally chirped volume Bragg grating
Authors: Kabacinski Adeline , Armougom Julie , Melkonian Jean-Michel , Raybaut Myriam , Dherbecourt Jean-Baptiste , Godard Antoine , Vasilyeu Ruslan , Smirnov Vadim 
Published: December 2019

We report on single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) operation of a low-threshold optical parametric oscillator, with a 17 nm tunability near 2 µm. The oscillator uses a MgO:PPLN crystal in Type 0 quasi-phase-matching configuration, pumped by a 1.064 µm SLM laser. Despite the huge acceptance bandwidth near-degeneracy of MgO:PPLN, spectral selection down to a SLM is achieved by combining a volume Bragg reflector and Vernier filtering in nested signal and idler cavities. Tunability over 17 nm is demonstrated owing to a transverse chirp of the grating period of the Bragg reflector.
Ultra-wideband dual-polarization silicon nitride power splitter based on modal engineered slot waveguides
Authors: González-Andrade David , Guerber Sylvain , Durán-Valdeiglesias Elena , Pérez-Galacho Diego , Le Roux Xavier , Vulliet Nathalie , Cremer Sébastien , Monfray Stephane , Cassan Eric , Marris-Morini Delphine , Boeuf Frédéric , Cheben Pavel , Vivien Laurent , Velasco Aitor V. , Alonso-Ramos Carlos 
Published: December 2019

Silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides provide a substantially lower index contrast, thermo-optic coefficient, and reduced birefringence compared to silicon-on-insulator waveguides. These properties make SiN a prominent candidate for implementation of ultra-wideband dual-polarization photonics circuits with a great potential for datacom applications. State-of-the-art SiN power splitters are still hampered in terms of either bandwidth or single-polarization operation. Here, we propose to overcome these limitations by exploiting modal and waveguide symmetry engineering in a single-mode slot waveguide. This topology prevents mode-beating, while granting symmetric power splitting for both polarizations. Experimental characterization of the fabricated device shows low loss (<0.62dB) and imbalance (<0.6dB) within an unprecedented bandwidth of 420 nm (1.26–1.68 µm).
Detection of Alzheimer Disease Pathology in Patients Using Biochemical Biomarkers: Prospects and Challenges for Use in Clinical Practice
Authors: Shaw Leslie M , Korecka Magdalena , Figurski Michal , Toledo Jon , Irwin David , Hee Kang Ju , Trojanowski John Q 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThirty-four years ago, amyloid-β 1-42 peptide was identified in amyloid plaques from brain tissue obtained from patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and Down syndrome. This finding led to development of immunoassays for this marker of amyloid plaque burden in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) approximately 10 years later. Subsequently, research immunoassays were developed for total τ protein and τ phosphorylated at the threonine 181 position. Subsequent studies documented the clinical utility of these biomarkers of amyloid plaque burden or τ tangle pathology in cohorts of living patients.ContentWe describe the following: (a) clinical utility of AD biomarkers; (b) measurement challenges, including development of mass spectrometry-based reference methods and automated immunoassays; (c) development of “appropriate use criteria” (AUC) guidelines for safe/appropriate use of CSF testing for diagnosis of AD developed by neurologists, a neuroethicist, and laboratorians; (d) a framework, sponsored by the National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA), that defines AD on the basis of CSF and imaging methods for detecting amyloid plaque burden, τ tangle pathology, and neurodegeneration. This framework's purpose was investigative but has important implications for future clinical practice; (e) recognition of copathologies in AD patients and challenges for developing methods to detect these in living patients.SummaryThe field can expect availability of validated research tools for detection of AD pathology that support clinical treatment trials of disease-modifying agents and, ultimately, use in clinical practice. Validated methods are becoming available for CSF testing; emergence of validated methods for AD biomarkers in plasma can be expected in the next few years.
Determination of the tectonic plates motion parameters based on SLR, DORIS and VLBI stations positions
Authors: Jagoda Marcin , Rutkowska Miłosława , Suchocki Czesław , Katzer Jacek 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
On the base of International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2008 (ITRF2008) a new global plate model of station positions and velocities with accuracy 1–3 mm and 1 mm per year respectively was established. Next, this model was used in our paper for plate motion parameters estimation for the major plates as Eurasian, North American, Pacific and small plates as Australian, African and Antarctic on the base of the observation campaigns for three techniques: Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Doppler Orbitography by Radiopositioning Integrated on Satellite system (DORIS) and Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), each technique was analyzed separately. Investigation for GNSS technique is scheduled to take place in the future. The plate motion parameters were adjusted using least squares method and sequential solution. In the first stage, the plate motion parameters were determined for two selected stations and next stations were added until stability of the solution was observed. Final results of our solution were compared with the APKIM 2005 IGN model by H. Drewes. Agreement of solutions is order 2 degrees or better.