bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of robust fuzzy logic maximum power point tracking based isolated photovoltaic energy system
Authors: Asif Rao Muhammad , Ur Rehman Ateeq , Ur Rehman Saif , Arshad Jehangir , Hamid Jamshaid , Tariq Sadiq Muhammad , Tahir Sohaib 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPhotovoltaic (PV) energy is highly promising because of its renewable, green, and environment‐friendly nature. In this article, the design and analysis of an isolated PV system using a push‐pull converter with a fuzzy logic‐based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is presented. Furthermore, DC‐DC converters, along with intelligent controllers fed with MPPT algorithms, are used to ensure the maximum extraction of incident energy. The proposed methodology utilizes fuzzy logic MPPT techniques based on an isolated push‐pull boost converter to optimize the power output of PV modules, as well as to achieve isolation and high DC gain for DC/AC inversion. This work also presents a single‐phase inverter with fuzzy logic close loop control analysis with LCL filter design. A Canadian solar panel of 250 W is assumed in this research work, which has an open circuit voltage 59.9 V, short circuit current 5.49 A at 25°C temperature, and 1000 W/m2 irradiance. The voltages are tracked, through the MPPT algorithm. These voltages represent a boost to 340 V DC through push‐pull boost converter and are inverted up to 220 V AC through fuzzy logic voltage source inverter. In addition, a unipolar switching technique is used to remove the total harmonic distortion under linear load. The proposed methodology is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results verify that the proposed methodology can efficiently track the MPPT. Finally, the hardware prototype of the proposed system has been experimentally validated.
Temperature analysis of steel structures protected by intumescent paint with steel claddings in fire
Authors: Ma Zhongcheng , Havula Jarmo , Wald Frantisek , Cabova Kamila 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIt is of great interest to understand the stabilization effect of steel structures by steel claddings in fire. Structural fire analysis using finite‐element method, including temperature analysis and structural analysis, is important to investigate the stabilization effect. However, temperature‐dependent thermal material data for the insulation layer of sandwich panels and the intumescent paint for fire protection of steel sections are still scarce. In this paper, the available thermal properties of these materials from the literature are summarized, and 2D and 3D temperature analyses were carried out for steel sections with steel claddings, such as sandwich panels with mineral wool and polyisocyanurate (PIR) cores and trapezoidal sheeting with mineral wool insulation. The analysis results were compared with the fire tests conducted in European research project STABFI (Stabilization of Steel Structures by Steel Claddings in Fire). The study shows reasonable accuracy of modeling using existing thermal material data for temperature‐dependent insulation properties and thermal data for intumescent paint, for intumescent coatings (IC) protected steel beam with mineral wool sandwich panel and trapezoidal sheeting claddings. Larger discrepancy between finite element (FE) prediction and test measurement was observed for the case of sandwich cladding with PIR core. Gaps for further research were identified. The study also shows the heat sink effect of the steel section by sandwich panels with a mineral wool core. Therefore, it is recommended that the sandwich panels should be included in the thermal analysis model for steel sections with sandwich claddings.
Evaluation and validation of Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity and Portsmouth‐POSSUM scores in predicting morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgeries
Authors: Karan Nupur , Siddiqui Suhail , Sharma Kailash S. , Pantvaidya Gouri H. , Divatia Jigeeshu V. , Kulkarni Atul P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of risk factors for perioperative complications helps in the prognostication. We wanted to determine whether Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and Portsmouth‐POSSUM (P‐POSSUM) can be used in patients undergoing head and neck oncosurgery.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 1265 patients after they had major head and neck oncosurgeries. Demographic, surgical and outcome data was collected. We separately analyzed data for patients who had undergone cancer surgery for oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. We calculated the POSSUM and P‐POSSUM scores.ResultsPOSSUM scoring system had moderate discrimination (AUC = 0.61) and good calibration (P = .36) for the entire study cohort and in the subgroup. Since there were no deaths in the entire cohort, we were not able to check predictive ability of the scores, for mortality.ConclusionsWe found that POSSUM had moderate discrimination and good calibration for morbidity prediction in head and neck cancer surgeries, as well as for the selected subgroup.
Transcriptome Profiling Identifies TIGIT as a Marker of T‐Cell Exhaustion in Liver Cancer
Authors: Ostroumov Dmitrij , Duong Steven , Wingerath Jessica , Woller Norman , Manns Michael P. , Timrott Kai , Kleine Moritz , Ramackers Wolf , Roessler Stephanie , Nahnsen Sven , Czemmel Stefan , Dittrich‐Breiholz Oliver , Eggert Tobias , Kühnel Florian , Wirth Thomas C. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Programmed death 1 (PD‐1) checkpoint inhibition has shown promising results in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, inducing objective responses in approximately 20% of treated patients. The roles of other coinhibitory molecules and their individual contributions to T‐cell dysfunction in liver cancer, however, remain largely elusive.

APPROACH AND RESULTS
We performed a comprehensive mRNA profiling of cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) T cells in a murine model of autochthonous liver cancer by comparing the transcriptome of naive, functional effector, and exhausted, tumor‐specific CD8 T cells. Subsequently, we functionally validated the role of identified genes in T‐cell exhaustion. Our results reveal a unique transcriptome signature of exhausted T cells and demonstrate that up‐regulation of the inhibitory immune receptor T‐cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitor motif domains (TIGIT) represents a hallmark in the process of T‐cell exhaustion in liver cancer. Compared to PD‐1, expression of TIGIT more reliably identified exhausted CD8 T cells at different stages of their differentiation. In combination with PD‐1 inhibition, targeting of TIGIT with antagonistic antibodies resulted in synergistic inhibition of liver cancer growth in immunocompetent mice. Finally, we demonstrate expression of TIGIT on tumor‐infiltrating CD8 T cells in tissue samples of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and identify two subsets of patients based on differential expression of TIGIT on tumor‐specific T cells.

CONCLUSIONS
Our transcriptome analysis provides a valuable resource for the identification of key pathways involved in T‐cell exhaustion in patients with liver cancer and identifies TIGIT as a potential target in checkpoint combination therapies.
Implementation of a multi‐center digital trauma registry: Experience in district and central hospitals in Malawi
Authors: Croke Kevin , Chokotho Linda , Milusheva Sveta , Bertfelt Jonna , Karpe Saahil , Mohammed Meyhar , Mulwafu Wakisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrauma is a rapidly growing component of the burden of disease in developing countries; yet systematic data collection about trauma in such contexts is relatively rare.MethodsThis paper describes the implementation of a trauma registry in 10 government‐run hospitals in Malawi, with a focus on implementation logistics, stakeholder engagement strategies, and data quality procedures.Results51 337 trauma cases were recorded over the first 14 months of registry operations. The number of cases per month, data accuracy, and the geographic coverage of the registry improved over time as data quality measures were implemented.ConclusionsMulti‐center digital trauma registries are feasible in low‐resource settings. Stakeholder engagement, periodic in‐person and frequent digital follow up with data teams, and regular channeling of findings back to data collection teams help to improve data quality and completeness over a 14 month period. Financial and staffing constraints remain challenges for sustainability over time, but this experience demonstrates the feasibility of large‐scale registry operations.
Thermal, environmental, and cost analysis of effective solar portable vaccine refrigerator by COMSOL Multiphysics
Authors: Al‐Madhhachi Hayder , Al‐Najideen Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA thermal, environmental, and cost analysis of an effective solar portable vaccine refrigerator is presented. Combining Peltier module with appropriate finned heat sink, choosing advanced software for thermal analysis, evaluating the environmental impacts of the combination, and comparing with other refrigerators are the key objectives of the present research. The Peltier module and the finned heat sink are professionally designed to enhance the thermal performance of the solar portable vaccine refrigerator. A competent solar panel is proposed to power the Peltier module for clean thermal energy. A set of equations are applied to calculate the overall surface efficiency and the total heat dissipation out of the refrigerator. COMSOL Multiphysics is employed to compute the temperature gradient and the heat flux of the Peltier module with the finned heat sink at steady‐state process. The thermal results show that the maximum overall surface efficiency is 78% with one Peltier module and 10 fins. The environmental results show that the values of the carbon footprint and total energy consumption of the solar portable vaccine refrigerator are reasonable according to the sustainability assessment methodology. The results also show that the manufacturing cost of the solar portable vaccine refrigerator is affordable as compared to others.
The effect of wealth on the choice of household drinking water sources in West Africa
Authors: Zoungrana Tibi Didier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany developing countries are experiencing high population growth rates (an average of 2.7%). The increase in their respective populations leads to an increase in the need for drinking water. However, governments fail to provide the population with sufficient hydraulic infrastructure in terms of quality and quantity, with regard to the various priorities. In such situations, households take individual initiatives. However, the weakness of the available means may be a significant obstacle. This article seeks to identify the factors that determine the choice of household water sources in West African countries by putting an emphasis on the role of wealth. The study covers four countries, Burkina Faso, Mali, Ghana and Nigeria, and uses data from 28,444 observations from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and statistics agencies of the four countries being studied. When applied to the adjusted logit model, the data reveal that the higher the household wealth, the greater the chance of using piped water. There are also other factors, such as household size, the number of women and children, and the level of education that also determine the choice of water sources. These results suggest that governments need to increase their efforts to reduce inequalities between rural and urban areas in terms of improved access to drinking water and introduce a subsidy or fee policy to enable poor households to have adequate access to drinking water.
In vivo and ex vivo confocal microscopy for the evaluation of surgical margins of melanoma
Authors: Cinotti Elisa , Belgrano Valerio , Labeille Bruno , Grivet Damien , Douchet Catherine , Chauleur Celine , Cambazard Frédéric , Thomas Alix , Prade Virginie , Tognetti Linda , Cartocci Alessandra , Rubegni Pietro , Perrot Jean Luc 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report the first series of melanomas (MMs) where the surgical margins were evaluated both by ex vivo confocal microscopy (EVCM) and in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). We evaluated the surgical margins of 42 cutaneous MMs of lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma type and 2 mucosal MMs with EVCM. Cutaneous MMs also underwent RCM mapping. Imaging results were compared with histopathology. The rate of correct identification of the tumor margins (invaded or not invaded) was 97.6% for RCM (evaluations of cutaneous MMs) and 95.5% for EVCM (evaluations of both cutaneous and mucosal MMs). Our study showed that the MM extension is visible under EVCM and that the combination of in vivo RCM and EVCM can be a new strategy for the evaluation of surgical margins of MMs.
Incidence of Fractures Before and After Dialysis Initiation
Authors: Iseri Ken , Carrero Juan Jesús , Evans Marie , Felländer-Tsai Li , Berg Hans E , Runesson Björn , Stenvinkel Peter , Lindholm Bengt , Qureshi Abdul Rashid 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Fractures are common in dialysis patients, but little is known about the trajectory of incidence rates of different types of fractures before and after dialysis initiation. To address this, we investigated the incidence of major fractures before and after dialysis initiation. We performed a retrospective statistical analysis using the Swedish Renal Registry of 9041 incident dialysis patients (median age 67 years, 67% men) starting dialysis 2005 through 2015 to identify major fractures (hip, spine, humerus, and forearm) occurring during the dialysis transition period from 1 year before until 1 year after dialysis initiation. Using flexible parametric hazard models and the Fine-Gray model, we estimated adjusted fracture incidence rates and predictors of major fractures. We identified 361 cases with primary diagnosis of major fracture, of which 196 (54%) were hip fractures. The crude incidence rate of major fractures before dialysis initiation was 17 per 1000 patient-years (n = 157) and after dialysis initiation it was 24 per 1000 patient-years (n = 204). The adjusted incidence rate of major fractures began to increase 6 months before dialysis initiation, and then stabilized at a higher rate after 1 year. The adjusted incidence rate of hip fractures started to increase sharply 3 months before dialysis initiation, peaked at initiation, and declined thereafter. In contrast, the adjusted incidence rate of non-hip fractures was stable during the transition period and gradually increased over time. Higher age, female sex, and history of previous major fractures were associated with increased fracture incidence both before and after dialysis initiation. We conclude that the incidence of major fractures, especially hip fractures, start to rise 6 months before initiation of dialysis therapy, indicating that heightened surveillance with implementation of preventive measures to avoid fractures is warranted during the transition period to dialysis. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Overexpression of P‐glycoprotein and resistance to Imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Ammar Mariam , Louati Nour , Frikha Imen , Medhaffar Moez , Ghozzi Hanen , Elloumi Moez , Menif Hela , Zeghal Khaled , Ben Mahmoud Lobna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is one of the mechanisms of Imatinib (IM) resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). P‐gp has been identified as an efflux pump involved in releasing of IM outside CML cells. To date, the P‐gp involvement in the IM resistance development was not completely understood. Therefore, the present study aimed at measuring the P‐gp expression level on lymphocytes from Tunisian patients with CML and correlating this level with a molecular response to IM.MethodThe expression of P‐gp on peripheral blood lymphocytes from 59 Tunisian patients with CML (27 IM responder patients vs 32 IM non‐responder patients) was evaluated by flow cytometry.ResultOur finding showed significantly positive expression of P‐gp in the lymphocytes from the IM non‐responder group when compared to the IM‐responder group (P = .001). In IM non‐responder CML patients, the comparison between CCyR achievers and non‐achievers showed a high mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of P‐gp expression in patients who did not achieve their CCyR (P = .001). The comparison between patients with primary and secondary resistance to IM showed an increasing MFI value in patients with primary resistance to IM (P = .001). Besides, the comparison between nilotinib‐treated and dasatinib‐treated patients proved a high value of MFI in nilotinib‐treated patients (P = .001).ConclusionThe overexpression of P‐gp on lymphocytes has significantly correlated with the failed molecular response to IM in patients with CML.
The impact of COVID‐19: Considerations for future dental conferences
Authors: Rekawek Peter , Rice Pamela , Panchal Neeraj 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe onset of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) impacted all facets of global communities. As such, dental organizations must reconsider the traditional format of conferences in order to abide by public health guidelines. Such an adjustment is required in an effort to limit the footprint and ensure the safety of its participants. This article aims to provide guidance to reformat a traditional conference to a virtual platform. Recommendations are made pertaining to the structure of organizational committees, the intricacies of digital platforms, any associated costs, and adjustments to advertising and sponsorships. The authors also provide direction regarding changes in scheduling, and suggestions in order to replicate the social aspect of academic conferences. Careful consideration of the existing format can help design an efficient virtual platform that will continue to yield professional growth and drive the frontier of research in dentistry during this pandemic.
Difference in characteristics and nutrient retention between biochars produced in nitrogen‐flow and air‐limitation atmospheres
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Chen Weifeng , Li Qingyang , Zhang Xia , Wang Caiting , Yang Liuming , Wei Ran , Ni Jinzhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe different effects of nitrogen‐flow (NF) and air‐limitation (AL) pyrolysis on the characteristics and nutrient retention of biochars (BCs) are unclear. Hence, in this study, BCs derived from bamboo, corn straw, and wheat straw were produced in AL and NF atmospheres at various temperatures (300–750 °C), and their different characteristics and nutrient retention rates were compared systematically. Nitrogen‐flow pyrolysis facilitates C retention and graphitic C formation, and AL pyrolysis improves the polarity and supports the formation of oxygen‐containing groups. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, C retention and graphitic C formation in BCs derived from AL pyrolysis decreases more significantly compared with BCs from NF pyrolysis. At 750 °C, the polarity and oxygen‐containing groups of BCs derived from AL pyrolysis increase, whereas those from BCs derived from NF pyrolysis decrease. The observations are attributable to the AL and high‐temperature–enhanced oxidization and gasification of C. An AL atmosphere with a higher pyrolysis temperature supports porosity and results in a larger specific surface area. Although pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere have negligible effects on nutrient retention, a low pyrolysis temperature facilitates the formation of water‐soluble Ca, Mg, and P, and AL pyrolysis facilitates the formation of water‐soluble P because the high pyrolysis temperature improves the pH and mineral stability of BCs, and air limitation facilitates the oxidation of organic P into PO43−. This study provides a reference for selecting AL or NF pyrolysis based on various pyrolysis temperatures to produce BCs and applying these in C sequestration, contaminant sorption, and soil quantity improvement.
METTL3 polymorphisms and Wilms tumor susceptibility in Chinese children: A five‐center case–control study
Authors: Lin Ao , Zhou Mingming , Hua Rui‐Xi , Zhang Jiao , Zhou Haixia , Li Suhong , Cheng Jiwen , Xia Huimin , Fu Wen , He Jing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundWilms tumor is a common pediatric tumor worldwide. Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) is a core gene of the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification that widely affects the transcription of tumor‐related genes in eukaryotes. METTL3 has been extensively investigated in various tumors but not Wilms tumor.MethodsWe describe a five‐center case–control study with 414 patients and 1199 controls aiming to explore the associations between METTL3 polymorphisms (rs1061026 T>G, rs1061027 C>A, rs1139130 A>G and rs1263801 G>C) and Wilms tumor susceptibility. A TaqMan real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed for genotyping. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported as evaluation indicators to determine any associations.ResultsReferring to the preliminary analysis results, protective genotypes were identified as rs1061026 TG/GG, rs1061027 CA/AA, rs1139130 GG and rs1263801 GC/CC. The children with three protective genotypes were less likely to develop Wilms tumor than children without protective genotypes (adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.46–0.999, p = 0.0496). Similarly, stratified analysis of the subgroup aged > 18 months, carrying 3 or 4 protective genotypes, was a protective factor for Wilms tumor compared to carrying 0–2 protective genotypes (adjusted OR = 0.59 95% CI = 0.39–0.91, p = 0.016). However, we did not observe any other significant results.ConclusionsThe combined effect of METTL3 polymorphisms reduce Wilms tumor susceptibility in Chinese children. This conclusion requires further verification.