bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio a new prognostic marker in multiple myeloma?
Authors: Solmaz Serife , Uzun Ozcan , Acar Celal , Sevindik Omur Gokmen , Piskin Ozden , Ozsan Hayri Guner , Demirkan Fatih , Undar Bulent , Alacacioglu Ahmet , Ozcan Mehmet Ali , Alacacioglu Inci 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recent reports showed neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), as a predictor of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in various malignancies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined the PLR, NLR, and MLR in a cohort of 186 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. This study investigated the prognostic relevance of NLR, PLR, and MLR in MM patients. NLR, PLR, and MLR were calculated from whole blood counts before therapy. The Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox models were used for the evaluation of survival.
RESULTS: Applying cutoff of 1.9 (NLR), 120.00 (PLR), and 0.27 (MLR), decreased PLR showed a negative impact on the outcome. Decreased PLR is an independent predictor for PFS and OS. There were no significant differences in median survival between the high and low NLR (P = 0.80) and MLR (P = 0.87) groups.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, thrombocytopenia and low PLR are associated with poor survival in MM patients does this P value apply to thrombocytopenia or low PLR and may serve as the cost-effective prognostic biomarker.
Evaluation of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method for assessing biofilm formation in vitro by Trichosporon spp.
Authors: Premamalini Thayanidhi , Anitha Subramanian , Mohanapriya Kanniappan , Kindo Anupma Jyoti 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Invasive infections due to Trichosporon spp. have increased recently and are frequently associated with indwelling medical devices. Such infections which are associated with biofilm formation do not respond to the routinely used antifungal agents and are often persistent, associated with high mortality rate. Various methods have been described by researchers to evaluate and quantify the biofilm formation.
AIM: This study was conducted to compare two methods of biofilm production by Trichosporon sp, i.e., test tube method with crystal violet (CV) staining and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two clinical isolates of Trichosporon spp. collected from various sources were considered for the study. The identity of all the isolates was genotypically confirmed by Trichosporon-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolates were further speciated phenotypically using biochemical profile and growth characteristics which identified the isolates as Trichosporon asahii (64/72), Trichosporon asteroides (5/72), Trichosporon cutaneum (2/72), and Trichosporon mucoides (1/72). Biofilm production was then evaluated and compared by test tube-CV method and MTT assay.
RESULTS: All the Trichosporon isolates produced biofilm by MTT assay, whereas only 42 (53.6%) of the isolates were detected to be biofilm producers by CV method. Furthermore, MTT assay could differentiate better between weak and moderate biofilm producers as compared to CV method.
CONCLUSION: Hence, MTT assay is a reliable method for quantification of biofilm produced by Trichosporon spp. using 96-well microtiter plate.
Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical samples
Authors: Bora Prapti , Datta Priya , Gupta Varsha , Singhal Lipika , Chander Jagdish 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study has been done to speciate coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and also study their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from clinical samples.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 consecutive CoNS were isolated from various clinical samples such as blood, pus, wound swab, drain fluid, tracheal aspirate, peritoneal fluid, and pleural fluid over a period of 6 months. CoNS were identified by characteristic growth on media such as Blood agar and MacConkey agar. Speciation and identification were done by a range of biochemical testing such as PYR broth hydrolysis, novobiocin resistance, polymyxin B sensitivity, and then by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per CLSI 2017 guidelines.
RESULTS: Among the 120 isolates, the most common species was Staphylococcus epidermidis (56.67%) followed by Staphylococcus haemolyticus (21.67%), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (11.67%), Staphylococcus caprae (5%), Staphylococcus cohnii (3.33%), and finally Staphylococcus vitulinus (1.67%). Good in vitro susceptibility was noted toward linezolid (100%), vancomycin (100%), teicoplanin (100%), and doxycycline (80.2%). The antibiotics to which resistance was seen were penicillin (96.5%), ciprofloxacin (57.1%), and oxacillin (45.5%). MR CoNS in our study ranged from 50% to 68.67%.
CONCLUSION: Antibiotic resistance in CoNS is increasing toward penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and oxacillin as found in our study. The antibiotics such as vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and doxycycline which showed good in vitro susceptibility, therefore, should be kept as reserve drugs and used judiciously.
Gallstone disease and quantitative analysis of independent biochemical parameters: Study in a tertiary care hospital of India
Authors: Dhamnetiya Deepak , Goel Manish Kumar , Dhiman BalRaj , Pathania Om Prakash 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Gallstone disease (GSD) represents a significant burden for health-care systems worldwide and is one of the most common disorders among patients presenting to emergency rooms with abdominal discomfort. This study was aimed to know the association of biochemical parameters and development of GSD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a case–control study from January 2013 to December 2013 among patients attending outpatient department of general surgery at a tertiary care hospital of Delhi, North India; we recruited 120 cases and the same number of controls in the study. Data collection for both cases and controls was done on a self-designed pretested interview schedule and all the patients were investigated for relevant biochemical parameters. Logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analyses to find out different correlates and analyze the independent effects of these correlates on GSD.
RESULTS: We have included 120 cases and the same number of age- and sex-matched controls in the study and final analysis. Almost 70% of the cases were females and 30% were males. In multivariate logistic regression, we have found maximum significant association with serum total cholesterol (odds ratio [OR]: 1.013, confidence interval [CI]: 1.003–1.024, P = 0.041) followed by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (OR: 1.017, CI: 1.001–1.034, P = 0.04) and triglycerides (OR: 1.009, CI: 1.001–1.018, P = 0.049). Fasting blood sugar (P = 0.18), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.07), aspartate transaminase (P = 0.21), alanine transaminase (P = 0.29), and total bilirubin (P = 0.13) were not found to be independently associated with GSD.
Conclusions: Biochemical parameters such as plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol level were independently associated with GSD.
The nitrogen budget of laboratory-simulated western U.S. wildfires during the FIREX 2016 FireLab study
Authors: Roberts James M. , Stockwell Chelsea E. , Yokelson Robert J. , de Gouw Joost , Liu Yong , Selimovic Vanessa , Koss Abigail R. , Sekimoto Kanako , Coggon Matthew M. , Yuan Bin , Zarzana Kyle J. , Brown Steven S. , Santin Cristina , Doerr Stefan H. , Warneke Carsten 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Total reactive nitrogen (Nr, defined as all nitrogen-containing compounds except for N2 and N2O) was measured by catalytic conversion to NO and detection by NO-O3 chemiluminescence together with individual Nr species during a series of laboratory fires of fuels characteristic of Western U.S. wildfires, conducted as part of the FIREX FireLab 2016 study. Data from 75 stack fires were analyzed to examine the systematics of nitrogen emissions. The Nr/total-carbon ratios measured in the emissions were compared with fuel and ash N/C ratios and mass to estimate that a mean (± std. dev.) of 0.68 (± 0.14) of fuel nitrogen was emitted as N2 and N2O. The remaining fraction of Nr was emitted as individual compounds: nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous acid (HONO), isocyanic acid (HNCO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH3), and 44 nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds (NVOCs). The relative difference between the total reactive nitrogen measurement, Nr, and the sum of measured individual Nr compounds had a mean (± std. dev) of 0.152 (± 0.098). Much of this unaccounted Nr is expected to be particle-bound species, not included in this analysis.	A number of key species, e.g. HNCO, HCN and HONO, were confirmed not to correlate only with flaming or only with smoldering combustion when using modified combustion efficiency (MCE = CO2/(CO + CO2)) as a rough indicator. However, the systematic variations of the abundance of these species relative to other nitrogen-containing species were successfully modeled using positive matrix factorization (PMF). Three distinct factors were found for the emissions from combined coniferous fuels, aligning with our understanding of combustion chemistry in different temperature ranges: a combustion factor (Comb-N) (800–1200 °C) with emissions of the inorganic compounds NO, NO2 and HONO, and a minor contribution from organic nitro compounds (R-NO2); a high-temperature pyrolysis factor (HT-N) (500–800 °C) with emissions of HNCO, HCN and nitriles; and a low-temperature pyrolysis factor (LT-N) (
A new method to quantitatively control oxygen fugacity in externally heated pressure vessel experiments
Authors: Alex Alice , Zajacz Zoltán 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Oxygen fugacity (fO2) is a fundamental variable affecting phase equilibrium in magmas, and in externally heated pressure vessel experiments
it is typically controlled by using redox buffer assemblages. However,
these do not allow fine enough resolution; for example, most arc magmas fall between the fO2 imposed by the neighboring Ni–NiO and Re–ReO2 buffers and so does the transition of S2− to S6+ in magmas. Here we propose a new method to quantitatively impose fO2 in hydrous high-P–T experiments in molybdenum hafnium carbide (MHC) pressure vessels by admixing small amounts of hydrogen into the Ar pressure medium. The thermodynamic calculation procedure used to determine the initial amount of hydrogen to be loaded to constrain desired fO2 values was verified by
CoPd alloy redox sensor experiments to be accurate within ±0.3 log units for the pressure (P) – temperature (T) range of 940–2060 bar and 800–1100 ∘C. As hydrogen can be slowly lost from the pressure
medium due to diffusion through the vessel walls at high T, we also
determined the hydrogen permeability of the MHC alloy as a function of T. The such-obtained hydrogen permeability equation for the MHC alloy can be used to determine the rate of fO2 increase for any MHC pressure vessel configuration. As the rate of fO2 increase is slow (e.g., 0.36 log units per day in our setup at T= 1000 ∘C), we propose that H2 addition to the Ar pressure medium is an effective way to accurately impose fO2 in many types of experiments conducted in MHC vessels allowing experimentation up to T= 1200 ∘C and P= 300 MPa.
A data-based predictive model for spatiotemporal variability in stream water quality
Authors: Guo Danlu , Lintern Anna , Webb J. Angus , Ryu Dongryeol , Bende-Michl Ulrike , Liu Shuci , Western Andrew William 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Our current capacity to model stream water quality is limited – particularly
at large spatial scales across multiple catchments. To address this, we
developed a Bayesian hierarchical statistical model to simulate the
spatiotemporal variability in stream water quality across the state of
Victoria, Australia. The model was developed using monthly water quality
monitoring data over 21 years and across 102 catchments (which span over
130 000 km2). The modeling focused on six key water quality
constituents: total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP),
filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN),
nitrate–nitrite (NOx) and electrical conductivity (EC). The model
structure was informed by knowledge of the key factors driving water quality
variation, which were identified in two preceding studies using the same
dataset. Apart from FRP, which is hardly explained (19.9 %), the model
explains 38.2 % (NOx) to 88.6 % (EC) of the total spatiotemporal
variability in water quality. Across constituents, the model generally
captures over half of the observed spatial variability; the temporal variability
remains largely unexplained across all catchments, although long-term trends
are well captured. The model is best used to predict proportional changes in
water quality on a Box–Cox-transformed scale, but it can have substantial bias
if used to predict absolute values for high concentrations. This model can
assist catchment management by (1) identifying hot spots and hot moments for
waterway pollution; (2) predicting the effects of catchment changes on water
quality, e.g., urbanization or forestation; and (3) identifying and explaining
major water quality trends and changes. Further model improvements should
focus on the following: (1) alternative statistical model structures to improve fitting
for truncated data (for constituents where a large amount of data fall below the
detection limit); and (2) better representation of nonconservative
constituents (e.g., FRP) by accounting for important biogeochemical
processes.
The 22 December 2018 Mount Anak Krakatau volcanogenic tsunami on Sunda Strait coasts, Indonesia: tsunami and damage characteristics
Authors:   Syamsidik,   Benazir, Luthfi Mumtaz , Suppasri Anawat , Comfort Louise K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. On 22 December 2018, a tsunami was generated from the Mount Anak Krakatau
area that was caused by volcanic flank failures. The tsunami had severe
impacts on the western coast of Banten and the southern coasts of Lampung in
Indonesia. A series of surveys to measure the impacts of the tsunami was
started 3 d after the tsunami and lasted for 10 d. Immediate
investigations allowed the collection of relatively authentic images of the
tsunami impacts before the clearing process started. This article
investigates the impacts of the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami on the affected
areas and presents an analysis of the impacts of pure hydrodynamic tsunami
forces on buildings. Impacts of the tsunami were expected to exhibit
different characteristics than those found following the 2004 Indian Ocean
tsunami in Aceh. Data were collected from 117 flow depths along the Banten
and Lampung coasts. Furthermore, 98 buildings or houses were assessed for
damage. Results of this study revealed that the flow depths were higher in
Banten than in Lampung. Directions of the tsunami arrays created by the
complex bathymetry around the strait caused these differences.
Tsunami-induced damage to buildings was mostly the result of impact forces
and drag forces. Damping forces could not be associated with the damage.
The tsunami warning system in Indonesia should be extended to anticipate
non-seismic tsunamis, such as landslides and volcanic processes driven by
tsunamis. The lack of a tsunami warning during the first few minutes after the
generation of the first wave led to a significant number of human casualties
in both of the affected areas.
Åndsfrihet og tilgivelse – barnehagens «glemte» verdier? Barnehagers arbeid med verdier
Authors: Møreaunet Sissel , Gunnestad Arve 
Published: February 2020

I denne artikkelen presenteres funn fra en spørreundersøkelse om hvilke av de grunnleggende verdier fra barnehagens formålsparagraf noen utvalgte barnehager har arbeidet spesielt med i løpet av siste år og hvordan de har arbeidet med disse verdiene. Undersøkelsen avdekker at barnehagene arbeider mye med følgende av formålsparagrafens verdier: respekt for menneskeverdet og naturen, nestekjærlighet, likeverd og solidaritet, mens verdiene åndsfrihet og tilgivelse ser ut til å få langt mindre oppmerksomhet. Vår undersøkelse viser videre at verdiene blir bearbeidet gjennom temaarbeid, spontane samtaler med barna, drøftinger i personalgruppa med vekt på de voksne som rollemodeller og på foreldremøter. I artikkelen diskuteres mulige grunner til at verdiene åndsfrihet og tilgivelse er lite prioritert og i liten grad tematisert i barnehagens arbeid med formålsparagrafens grunnleggende verdier. Funnene drøftes i lys av Taylors teori om the common-ground-strategy og Røviks translasjonsteori.Nøkkelord: Barnehagens formålsparagraf, Verdier, Verdiarbeid i barnehagen, Grunnleggende verdier, Tilgivelse, Åndsfrihet.This article presents findings from a study concerning the work with values in the Norwegian kindergartens: Which of the values from the object clause in the kindergarten act have they emphasized the previous year, and how have they worked with values in the kindergarten. The study shows that most of the kindergartens worked with the following values from the object clause: respect for human dignity and the nature, charity, equality and solidarity, while much fewer kindergartens had worked with other values from the object clause like intellectual freedom and forgiveness. Our study shows that the values are processed through, presentations of themes, spontaneous discussions with children, discussions in the staff underlining the adults as role models and through parents meetings. In the article we discuss possible reasons why intellectual freedom and forgiveness is given less attention than the other values in the object clause. The findings are discussed in the light of Taylor’s common-ground-strategy and Røvik’s theory of translation. Keywords: The mission statements of kindergartens, Values, Value learning, Common values in kindergartens, object clause of kindergarten, forgiveness, intellectual freedom.
« À la douche ! »
Authors: Benoist Yann 
Published: February 2020

À partir de recherches ethnographiques réalisées en région parisienne, cet article interroge les relations entre les sans-logis et les personnes qui les prennent en charge. Ces dernières ont tendance à classer les sans-logis en fonction de critères hygiénistes. Plus elles les perçoivent comme « sales », plus elles les définissent comme « clochards » et moins elles estiment qu’ils ont de chances d’être « guéris » ou « réinsérés ». Mais ces conceptions ne renvoient pas qu’au souci du respect des normes sanitaires. Les jugements portés sur la saleté vont au-delà des considérations hygiénistes et sont liés au symbolisme du pur et de l’impur. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que l’incapacité à trouver une place aux sans-logis dans nos systèmes classificatoires nous conduit à les considérer comme impurs et à ne les voir que comme une figure de l’altérité.
Seasonal variability and vertical distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton in the Central Red Sea
Authors: Al-Otaibi Najwa , Huete-Stauffer Tamara M. , Calleja Maria Ll. , Irigoien Xabier , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. 
Published: February 2020

The Red Sea is characterized by higher temperatures and salinities than other oligotrophic tropical regions. Here, we investigated the vertical and seasonal variations in the abundance and biomass of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton. Using flow cytometry, we consistently observed five groups of autotrophs (Prochlorococcus, two populations of Synechococcus separated by their relative phycoerythrin fluorescence, low (LF-Syn) and high (HF-Syn), and two differently-sized groups of picoeukaryotes, small (Speuk) and large (Lpeuk)) and two groups of heterotrophic prokaryotes of low and high nucleic acid content (LNA and HNA, respectively). Samples were collected in 15 surveys conducted from 2015 to 2017 at a 700-m depth station in the central Red Sea. Surface temperature ranged from 24.6 to 32.6 °C with a constant value of 21.7 °C below 200 m. Integrated (0–100 m) chlorophyll a concentrations were low, with maximum values in fall (24.0 ± 2.7 mg m−2) and minima in spring and summer (16.1 ± 1.9 and 1.1 mg m−2, respectively). Picoplankton abundance was generally lower than in other tropical environments. Vertical distributions differed for each group, with Synechococcus and LNA prokaryotes more abundant at the surface while Prochlorococcus, picoeukaryotes and HNA prokaryotes peaked at the deep chlorophyll maximum, located between 40 and 76 m. Surface to 100 m depth-weighted abundances exhibited clear seasonal patterns for Prochlorococcus, with maxima in summer (7.83 × 104 cells mL−1, July 2015) and minima in winter (1.39 × 104 cells mL−1, January 2015). LF-Syn (0.32 – 2.70 × 104 cells mL−1 ), HF-Syn (1.11 – 3.20 × 104 cells mL−1) and Speuk (0.99 – 4.81 × 102 cells mL−1) showed an inverse pattern to Prochlorococcus, while Lpeuk (0.16 – 7.05 × 104 cells mL−1) peaked in fall. Synechococcus unexpectedly outnumbered Prochlorococcus in winter and at the end of fall. The seasonality of heterotrophic prokaryotes (2.29 – 4.21×105 cells mL−1 ) was less noticeable than autotrophic picoplankton. The contribution of HNA cells was generally low in the upper layers, ranging from 36% in late spring and early summer to ca. 50% in winter and fall. Autotrophs dominated integrated picoplankton biomass in the upper 100 m, with 1.4-fold higher values in summer than in winter (mean 387 and 272 mg C m–2, respectively). However, when the whole water column was considered, the biomass of heterotrophic prokaryotes exceeded that of autotrophic picoplankton with an average of 411 mg C m–2. Despite being located in tropical waters, our results show that the picoplankton community seasonal differences in the central Red Sea are not fundamentally different from higher latitude regions.
Prevalence of and related risk factors in oral mucosa diseases among residents in the Baoshan District of Shanghai, China
Authors: Ge Shuyun , Liu Lin , Zhou Qi , Lou Binbin , Zhou Zengtong , Lou Jianing , Fan Yuan 
Published: February 2020

Background
Oral mucosal diseases (OMDs) encompass a variety of different types of diseases. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and related risk factors of OMDs among residents in the Baoshan District of Shanghai, China, and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies.

Methods
A sample of 653 residents aged 17 to 92 years from the Baoshan community was investigated in 2014. Each resident was surveyed by questionnaire to evaluate their oral mucosa and oral mucosa examinations were conducted. We followed up with 607 residents in 2018. All data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 software package (Chicago, IL, USA) at the general population, gender and age levels. A X2 test was used to compare rates of risk factors and logistic regression analysis was used to detect the correlation between disease and risk factors.

Results
The prevalence rate of OMDs was found to be 9.19%–9.56% (2014–2018). The most common OMDs were atrophic glossitis (1.84%), recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU, 1.68%), burning mouth syndrome (BMS, 1.38%), oral lichen planus (OLP, 1.23%) and traumatic ulcers (1.23%). The prevalence of RAU and BMS in different age groups was significantly different. Tobacco and alcohol use and psychological factors in the OMDs group were higher than the no-OMDs group. Systemic diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly relevant to OLP.

Conclusion
Age, tobacco and alcohol use, and psychological factor correlated strongly with the occurrence and development of OMDs, and they should be the focus of primary prevention. General epidemiological studies suggested that OLP was closely related to DM.