bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and characteristics of neurotoxicity in immune checkpoint inhibitors with focus on neuromuscular events: Experience beyond the clinical trials
Authors: Bruna Jordi , Argyriou Andreas A. , Anastopoulou Garifallia G. , Alemany Montse , Nadal Ernest , Kalofonou Foteini , Piulats Josep M. , Simó Marta , Velasco Roser , Kalofonos Haralabos P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with various neurological adverse events (NAEs). We herein explored the incidence and clinical phenotype of immune‐related NAEs in cancer patients. Medical records of ICI‐treated cancer patients were reviewed between the years 2010 and 2018, with an aim to characterize immuno‐related NAEs. A total of 1185 ICIs‐treated patients were identified, 63.7% of which were males and 36.3% were females, with a mean age of 63.4 ± 7.3 years. Twenty‐four from the overall ICIs‐treated patients (2%) developed NAEs. No differences were identified in terms of age, sex, tumor type and class of ICIs between the patients who developed NAEs and those who did not. The median number of cycles of ICI treatment before NAEs onset were 4.5 (1‐10), and the median time was 102 days. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement was present in 14 patients (58.4%) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement in 10 (33.3%), including 2 patients with aseptic meningitis and polyradicular involvement. Amongst PNS complications, there were five (20.8%) with axonal sensory neuropathies, four (16.7%) with Guillain‐Barre‐like syndromes, and four (16.7%) with myositis and/or myasthenic syndromes. The majority of patients with PNS‐related NAEs (n = 11; 78.6%) improved after ICIs discontinuation and treatment with immune‐modulating therapies. The time to neuromuscular toxicities onset was significantly shorter, compared to CNS NAEs (median 70 vs 119 days, P = .037). Immune‐related NAEs mostly present with neuromuscular complications. Discontinuation of ICIs and appropriate treatment should be commenced early throughout the process, in order to maximize a favorable outcome.
The foot microbiome
Authors: Adamczyk Katarzyna , Garncarczyk Agnieszka , Antończak Paweł , Wcisło‐Dziadecka Dominika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe human skin microbiome is represented by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and mites.AimsEvery human being possess their own unique skin microbiome because intrinsic and environmental factors have a significant impact on the quality and quantity of microorganism. Every site of the body is a separate microbial niche.PatientsThe feet are one of the most unique and heterogeneous microbial niches of human body with areas that differ by skin thickness, anatomical features, distribution of sweat glands, pH, and the availability of oxygen.ResultsHealthy skin of the foot is inhabited by Corynebacteriaceae, Micrococcaceae, Propionibacteriaceae, Actinobacteria, Clostridiales, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Moravellaceae, Neisseriaceae, Pastereullaceae, and Proteobacteria. The most common fungi present on the feet are Malassezzia, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, Rhodotorula, Epicoccum, Saccharomyces, Candida, Epidermophyton Microsporum, and Trichophyton.ConclusionsThe disturbance of the foot microbiome causes dysbiosis and may lead to pitted keratolysis, fungal, and viral infections or even to protothecosis.
Scaling Up and Out: Psychological Science in the Service of Promoting Sustainable Consumption
Authors: Romero‐Canyas Rainer , Hiltner Sofia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this commentary for the special issue on the psychology of sustainable consumption, we infer four themes that are evident in the contributions and which serve as principles for psychological science on sustainable consumption. First, research should build on psychological science's existing strengths and expand in new directions, while continuing to improve the overall quality of research standards. Second, sustainability psychology should embrace a problem‐solving, solutions focused approach to go hand‐in‐hand with the traditional focus on theory building of most rigorous areas of psychology. Thinking about solutions will inevitably lead to the third theme, the need to explore broader community, social, cultural, national, and global processes. Research at these levels of analysis is necessary to produce the kind of solutions to environmental problems that can have sufficient impact to reverse the damage humanity has already caused to the planet. The fourth principle is interdisciplinary collaboration, a necessary approach to carry out research and translate knowledge into scalable solutions. The challenge is great, but the stakes are greater and psychologists must be a part of the efforts to bring about effective solutions.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of marbofloxacin in geese (Anser Anser domesticus) after two sites of intramuscular administrations
Authors: Abo‐EL‐Sooud Khaled , Swielim Gamal A. , EL‐Gammal Samar M. , Ramsis Meray Nabil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin (MAR) was compared in geese (Anser Anser domesticus) after single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) (thigh and pectoral muscles) administrations of 5 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of MAR were determined with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Serum MAR concentrations versus time were analyzed by a noncompartmental method. After IV administration, MAR showed high volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) of 5.24 ± 1.08 L/kg. The serum body clearance (Cl) and elimination half‐life (T1/2λz) of MAR were 0.79 ± 0.07 L hr−1 kg−1 and 6.94 ± 1.12 hr, respectively. The peak of MAR serum concentrations Cmax achieved at one and 0.50 hr after thigh and pectoral IM sites of injections, respectively, were 1.20 and 0.91 μg/ml. Significant differences were found in the mean absorption time (MAT), the systemic bioavailability (F%), and elimination parameters of MAR between two sites of injections, indicating that the absorption was fairly slow and complete after thigh IM injection. The pharmacokinetics of MAR in geese diverged according to the site of IM injection following a parallel study design. We recommend the thigh muscle as IM site of injection to obtain maximum concentrations of the administered drug in geese.
Plant‐based eating patterns and endurance performance: A focus on inflammation, oxidative stress and immune responses
Authors: Craddock J. C. , Neale E. P. , Peoples G. E. , Probst Y. C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlant‐based dietary patterns are associated with reduced risk of many chronic diseases. Athletes have increasingly been adopting plant‐based diets not only for the related health benefits but for perceived improvements in endurance performance. Several theoretical mechanistic underpinnings have been described as to why a plant‐based dietary pattern may improve endurance performance. This review focuses on plant‐based dietary patterns and their hypothesised ability to modulate endurance performance specifically from an antioxidant, inflammatory and immunological perspective. Studies quantifying the function of plant‐based dietary patterns on endurance performance are scarce; however, research exploring physiological changes in immune, oxidative and inflammatory systems with the adoption of a plant‐based dietary pattern appears to be favourable. Overall, research suggests that the consumption of a plant‐based diet may result in improvements in C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, fibrinogen and leukocyte concentrations, while some studies report improved lymphocyte responsiveness and improved natural killer cell functionality. These changes may be the result of an optimised intake of phytochemicals (particularly polyphenols), unrefined carbohydrates and saturated fat which could theoretically translate into small improvements to endurance performance. It is important to note that any improvement to endurance performance via these systems would likely be minor and difficult to quantify; nevertheless, the findings of the current body of evidence highlight the need for further research in this area.
Genome‐wide DNA hypomethylation shapes nematode pattern‐triggered immunity in plants
Authors: Atighi Mohammad Reza , Verstraeten Bruno , De Meyer Tim , Kyndt Tina 
Published: March 2020

Summary

A role for DNA hypomethylation has recently been suggested in the interaction between bacteria and plants; it is unclear whether this phenomenon reflects a conserved response.

Treatment of plants of monocot rice and dicot tomato with nematode‐associated molecular patterns from different nematode species or bacterial pathogen‐associated molecular pattern flg22 revealed global DNA hypomethylation. A similar hypomethylation response was observed during early gall induction by Meloidogyne graminicola in rice. Evidence for the causal impact of hypomethylation on immunity was revealed by a significantly reduced plant susceptibility upon treatment with DNA methylation inhibitor 5‐azacytidine.

Whole‐genome bisulphite sequencing of young galls revealed massive hypomethylation in the CHH context, while not for CG or CHG nucleotide contexts. Further, CHH hypomethylated regions were predominantly associated with gene promoter regions, which was not correlated with activated gene expression at the same time point but, rather, was correlated with a delayed transcriptional gene activation. Finally, the relevance of CHH hypomethylation in plant defence was confirmed in rice mutants of the RNA‐directed DNA methylation pathway and DECREASED DNA METHYLATION 1.

We demonstrated that DNA hypomethylation is associated with reduced susceptibility in rice towards root‐parasitic nematodes and is likely to be part of the basal pattern‐triggered immunity response in plants.
Microgeographic adaptation and the effect of pollen flow on the adaptive potential of a temperate tree species
Authors: Gauzere Julie , Klein Etienne K. , Brendel Oliver , Davi Hendrik , Oddou‐Muratorio Sylvie 
Published: March 2020

Summary

In species with long‐distance dispersal capacities and inhabiting a large ecological niche, local selection and gene flow are expected to be major evolutionary forces affecting the genetic adaptation of natural populations. Yet, in species such as trees, evidence of microgeographic adaptation and the quantitative assessment of the impact of gene flow on adaptive genetic variation are still limited.

Here, we used extensive genetic and phenotypic data from European beech seedlings collected along an elevation gradient, and grown in a common garden, to study the signature of selection on the divergence of eleven potentially adaptive traits, and to assess the role of gene flow in resupplying adaptive genetic variation.

We found a significant signal of adaptive differentiation among plots separated by < 1 km, with selection acting on growth and phenological traits. Consistent with theoretical expectations, our results suggest that pollen dispersal contributes to increase genetic diversity for these locally differentiated traits.

Our results thus highlight that local selection is an important evolutionary force in natural tree populations and suggest that management interventions to facilitate movement of gametes along short ecological gradients would boost genetic diversity of individual tree populations, and enhance their adaptive potential to rapidly changing environments.
E2 conjugases UBC1 and UBC2 regulate MYB42‐mediated SOS pathway in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sun Yuhui , Zhao Jun , Li Xinyue , Li Yingzhang 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) is recognized as a crucial eukaryotic regulatory mechanism that controls a range of cellular processes during both development and adaptation to environmental changes. In Arabidopsis, the E2 conjugated enzymes UBIQUITIN CARRIER PROTEINs (UBCs) ‐1 and ‐2 mediate ubiquitination of H2B. Here, we elucidated the functions of UBC1 and ‐2 in salt‐stress responses and revealed their downstream target genes.

Real‐time quantitative PCR assays showed that UBC1 and ‐2 positively regulated the salt‐induced expression of MYB42 and Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase 4 (MPK4). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that H2Bub1 was enriched weakly on the chromatin of MYB42 and MPK4 in the ubc1,2 mutant. We further determined that UBC1/2‐mediated H2Bub1 enhanced the level of histone H3 tri‐methylated on K4 (H3K4me3) in the chromatin of MYB42 and MPK4 under salt‐stress conditions.

MPK4 interacted with and phosphorylated MYB42. The MPK4‐mediated MYB42 phosphorylation enhanced the MYB42 protein stability and transcriptional activity under salt‐stress conditions. We further showed that MYB42 directly bound to the SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 2 (SOS2) promoter and mediated the rapid induction of its expression after a salt treatment.

Our results indicate that UBC1 and ‐2 positively regulate salt‐stress responses by modulating MYB42‐mediated SOS2 expression.
Surgical Outcomes after Arthroscopic Single Row Anchor Repair for Subscapularis Tears Concomitant with Injury of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon
Authors: Shen Youliang , Zhao Xia , Qi Chao , Chen Feng , Fu Haitao , Zhang Yi , Zhang Yingze , Yu Tengbo 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical effects of single row anchor in repairing tears of the subscapularis muscle combined with the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) injury under arthroscopy.MethodsFrom June 2016 to June 2017, the clinical data of 32 patients with subscapularis combined with biceps tendon injury were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative MRI examination of the shoulder joint was performed to evaluate tendon injuries, and the subscapularis muscle was repaired with single row anchor under arthroscopy, and tenotomy or tenodesis was performed on the long head tendon of the biceps humerus in the intertubercular groove. The range of motion and the functional score of the shoulder joint before and after the operation were evaluated. All patients were followed up for at least 24 months.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 28.8 months (range, 24–34 months). No infections occurred during the follow‐up period. The patients’ follow up exams showed significant improvement in postoperative shoulder joint flexion, external rotation, and internal rotation (P < 0.01), and the postoperative shoulder function American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Shoulder Joint Score (ASES; 80.6 ± 7.6) was significantly higher than the preoperative score (P < 0.01). The visual analog scale score (1.8 ± 0.8) was significantly lower than that before surgery (P < 0.01). The constant score (80.5 ± 7.4) was significantly higher than preoperation (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in shoulder joint score between the tenotomy and tenodesis groups (P > 0.05). Preoperative and postoperative scores were, respectively: visual analog scale score (1.7 ± 0.9 vs 1.8 ± 0.0.8) ASES score (81.3 ± 7.9 vs 80.1 ± 8.0) and constant score (80.9 ± 8.0 vs 80.1 ± 6.9).ConclusionUsing single row anchor under arthroscopy to repair subscapularis combined with long head of biceps tendon injury yielded good results and high tendon healing rates were obtained.
Fetal diagnosis of KCNQ1‐variant long QT syndrome using fetal echocardiography and magnetocardiography
Authors: Desai Lajja , Wakai Ron , Tsao Sabrina , Strasburger Janette , Gotteiner Nina , Patel Angira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA pregnant woman with KCNQ1 variant long QT syndrome (LQTS) underwent fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) after atrioventricular (AV) block was noted during fetal echocardiogram—atypical for LQTS type 1. Concern for fetal LQTS on fMCG prompted monitoring of maternal labs, change of maternal beta blocker therapy, and frequent fetal echocardiograms. Collaboration between obstetricians, neonatologists, and pediatric cardiologists ensured safe delivery. Beta blocker therapy was initiated after birth, and postnatal evaluation confirmed genotype and phenotype positive LQTS in the infant. Our experience suggests diagnosis and evaluation of fetal LQTS can alter antenatal management to reduce risk of poor fetal and postnatal outcomes.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastric emptying after ingesting carbohydrate‐rich drink in young children: A randomized crossover study
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Ling , Li Hui , Zeng Hua , Li Qiao , Qiu Li‐Ping , Dai Ru‐Ping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundA recent consensus statement in Europe has suggested that the fasting time for clear liquid in children can be shortened to 1 hour before a surgery. However, the study to show that 1‐hour fasting time for clear fluids is safe in young children is still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the gastric emptying time for carbohydrate‐rich drink and regular 5% glucose solution in children aged 3‐7 years.MethodsAfter overnight fasting, individuals were randomly assigned to ingest 5 mL kg−1 of either carbohydrate‐rich drink or 5% glucose solution. One week later, the same subjects were asked to ingest the other one. Ultrasonography was performed to examine the gastric contents. Gastric antral cross‐sectional area was measured, and the gastric fluid volume was calculated before and after fluid ingestion within 120 minutes. The primary outcome was the gastric emptying time for both the clear fluids calculated using the antral cross‐sectional area and logarithms of gastric fluid volume. The degrees of thirst and hunger of two drinks were evaluated using a visual analogue scale as the secondary outcomes.ResultsData from 16 individuals were analyzed. In the glucose solution group, the antral cross‐sectional area and logarithms of gastric fluid volume returned to baseline at 30 minutes after ingestion. However, in the carbohydrate‐rich drink group, the median [interquartile range; range] antral cross‐sectional area (3.69 [2.64‐5.15; 1.83‐8.93] cm2 vs 2.41 [2.10‐2.96; 1.81‐4.37] cm2, P < .001) and mean (95% confidence interval) logarithms of gastric fluid volume (2.54 [2.30‐2.79] mL vs 2.12 [1.94‐2.30] mL, P = .048) were still higher than at 60 minutes and returned to the baseline values at 90 minutes after ingestion, respectively. The degree of thirst was lower in the glucose solution group than that in the carbohydrate‐rich drink group.ConclusionsGastric emptying of carbohydrate‐rich drink is slower than that of 5% glucose solution but the residual gastric fluid volume is low one hour after ingestion of 5 mL kg−1 of either fluid.
What Must Pro‐Lifers Believe About the Moral Status of Embryos?
Authors: Hershenov David B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmbryo rescue cases and minimal miscarriage prevention research have been interpreted as showing that even pro‐lifers are not really committed to the unborn having the same moral status as the born. I will suggest instead that judgments about embryo rescues are often distorted by triage considerations that reveal nothing about differences in moral status between those saved and those not. I will present metaphysical and ethical considerations – none assuming a difference in moral status – why preventing millions of miscarriages does not warrant the massive redistribution of research funds that would occur to prevent the deaths of equal numbers of humans already born.
How disappointing: Startle modulation reveals conditional stimuli presented after pleasant unconditional stimuli acquire negative valence
Authors: Green Luke J. S. , Luck Camilla C. , Lipp Ottmar V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPast research on backward conditioning in evaluative and fear conditioning yielded inconsistent results in that self‐report measures suggest that the conditional stimulus (CS) acquired the valence of the unconditional stimulus (US) in fear conditioning (assimilation effects), but the opposite valence in evaluative conditioning (contrast effects). Conversely, implicit measures of CS valence suggest assimilation effects in evaluative backward conditioning, whereas startle modulation indicates contrast effects in backward fear conditioning. The current study investigated whether US intensity could account for the dissociation on implicit measures between fear and evaluative conditioning. Self‐report measures of evaluative learning indicated assimilation effects for forward conditioning, whereas backward contrast effects were observed with intense USs only. Blink startle modulation indicated assimilation effects in forward conditioning and contrast effects in backward conditioning, regardless of US intensity. Experiment 2 included a neutral US in order to assess whether the offset of the positive US elicits an opponent emotional response that mirrors relief (disappointment), which is thought to mediate the reduction in startle seen during backward CSs in fear conditioning. This opponent emotional response was evident as startle magnitude during backward CSs increased linearly with increasing US pleasantness. Omission of the forward CSs led to an assimilation effect in self‐report measures. The current results extend our understanding of emotional learning to stimuli encountered after salient emotional events. Startle reflects the emotion prevailing after US offset, relief or disappointment, whereas self‐report measures seem more attuned to factors such as US predictability and intensity.
Mechanisms of the breathing contribution to bodily self‐consciousness in healthy humans: Lessons from machine‐assisted breathing?
Authors: Betka Sophie , Canzoneri Elisa , Adler Dan , Herbelin Bruno , Bello‐Ruiz Javier , Kannape Oliver Alan , Similowski Thomas , Blanke Olaf 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious studies investigated bodily self‐consciousness (BSC) by experimentally exposing subjects to multisensory conflicts (i.e., visuo‐tactile, audio‐tactile, visuo‐cardiac) in virtual reality (VR) that involve the participant's torso in a paradigm known as the full‐body illusion (FBI). Using a modified FBI paradigm, we found that synchrony of visuo‐respiratory stimulation (i.e., a flashing outline surrounding an avatar in VR; the flash intensity depending on breathing), is also able to modulate BSC by increasing self‐location and breathing agency toward the virtual body. Our aim was to investigate such visuo‐respiratory effects and determine whether respiratory motor commands contributes to BSC, using non‐invasive mechanical ventilation (i.e., machine‐delivered breathing). Seventeen healthy participants took part in a visuo‐respiratory FBI paradigm and performed the FBI during two breathing conditions: (a) “active breathing” (i.e., participants actively initiate machine‐delivered breaths) and (b) “passive breathing” (i.e., breaths’ timing was determined by the machine). Respiration rate, tidal volume, and their variability were recorded. In line with previous results, participants experienced subjective changes in self‐location, breathing agency, and self‐identification toward the avatar's body, when presented with synchronous visuo‐respiratory stimulation. Moreover, drift in self‐location was reduced and tidal volume variability were increased by asynchronous visuo‐respiratory stimulations. Such effects were not modulated by breathing control manipulations. Our results extend previous FBI findings showing that visuo‐respiratory stimulation affects BSC, independently from breathing motor command initiation. Also, variability of respiratory parameters was influenced by visuo‐respiratory feedback and might reduce breathing discomfort. Further exploration of such findings might inform the development of respiratory therapeutic tools using VR in patients.