bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal cladding of friction surfaces in liquid media
Authors: Shapovalov V V , Migal Yu F , Ozyabkin A L , Burakova M A , Feizova V A , Korniyenko R A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
On the basis of the quantum-chemical method, the possibility of using a liquid lubricant containing a fine powder of the Al-Mg-Li system is considered. It provides a high-quality process of metal cladding of steel friction surfaces and, as a result, an increase in the resource of a single application of a liquid lubricant and the resource characteristics of the tribological system “wheel rail”.
Abrasive wear of metal surface modified with mineral particles
Authors: Skazochkin A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The resistance of mineral coatings created on the surface of specimens of 20X13 steel (Russian analogue of steel 20Cr13 (EU)) modified with ultradispersed mineral particles to abrasive wear during friction against fixed particles was determined, and the wear parameters of layers modified with mineral particles were compared with the parameters of surface layers created by laser cladding of alloys of different compositions. The studies were carried out on an experimental setup for testing abrasive wear under a static load of 60 N and 160 N and determined the weight wear, the average wear rate and the average wear rate of the surface layer of three samples with different mineral coatings. According to the results of measurements at a pressure on the wear surface of 0.5 MPa, a sample was determined with an indicator of weight wear comparable to a coating made of cobalt alloy, created by the method of laser cladding and about four times inferior in this indicator, to a coating of a nickel alloy, created by the method of laser cladding and tool steel. The practical use of various methods of protecting parts from abrasive wear is determined, along with the physical and technical characteristics of the layers, by the economic feasibility in specific operating conditions.
Prospects for the use of high-speed ESP for oil production
Authors: Smirnov N I , Skvortsova E S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Increasing the ESP speed allows for a reduction in the linear dimensions of the units and the number of standard sizes. By reducing the length, wear resistant materials can be used in each pump stage. However, with an increase in the rotational speed to 10000 rpm, the head of the pumping stage increases significantly (> 35m) and the processes of friction and wear intensify. Test benches for wear testing of pump stages and thrust bearings of hydraulic protectors and submersible electric motors with a rotation speed of up to 12000 rpm have been developed. It was revealed that the greatest change in mass is observed in the guide vane due to erosive wear, which varies depending on the rotational speed in a power-law dependence with an exponent of ∼ 3.4. When testing a thrust bearing made of SiC with a rotational speed of 10800 rpm and an axial force of 6000N, the friction coefficient varied in the range 0.028 ... 0.008. Bearing made of hard alloy WC-8Co scored at 4.92MPa load. It is necessary to determine the optimal area of application of high-speed ESPs and the allowable wear values of the pump stages.
Tribological studies of carbon seal materials at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Smirnov N I , Prozhega M V , Smirnov N N , Petrov A V , Chernenko D N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The results of the tribological properties studies of composite materials at cryogenic temperatures are presented in the present paper. Test equipment has been developed, friction and wear tests have been carried out at a temperature of T = - 196 °C. The test results showed a significant dependence of the composite material wear rate on the load.
Bioactive Sr2+/Fe3+ co-substituted hydroxyapatite in cryogenically 3D printed porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Yang Liang , Ullah Ismat , Yu Keda , Zhang Wancheng , Zhou Jinge , Sun Tingfang , Shi Lei , Yao Sheng , Chen Kaifang , Zhang Xianglin , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Developing multi-doped bioceramics that possess biological multifunctionality is becoming increasingly attractive and promising for bone tissue engineering. In this view innovative Sr2+/Fe3+ co-substituted nano-hydroxyapatite with gradient doping concentrations fixed at 10 mol% has been deliberately designed previously. Herein, to evaluate their therapeutic potentials for bone healing, novel gradient SrFeHA/PCL scaffolds are fabricated by extrusion cryogenic 3D printing technology with subsequent lyophilization. The obtained scaffolds exhibit desired 3D interconnected porous structure and rough microsurface, along with appreciable release of bioactive Sr2+/Fe3+ from SrFeHA components. These favorable physicochemical properties render printed scaffolds realizing effective biological applications both in vitro and in vivo, particularly the moderate co-substituted Sr7.5Fe2.5HA and Sr5Fe5HA groups exhibit remarkably enhanced bioactivity that not only promotes the functions of MC3T3 osteoblasts and HUVECs directly, but also energetically manipulates favorable macrophages activation to concurrently facilitate osteogenesis/angiogenesis. Moreover, in vivo subcutaneous implantation and cranial defects repair outcomes further confirm their superior capacity to dictate immune reaction, implants vascularization and in situ bone regeneration, mainly dependent on the synergetic effects of released Sr2+/Fe3+. Accordingly, for the first time, present study highlights the great potential of Sr7.5Fe2.5HA and Sr5Fe5HA for ameliorating bone regeneration process by coupling of immunomodulation with enhanced angio- and osteogenesis and hence may provide a new promising alternative for future bone tissue engineering.
Amplification of polarization correlations in Compton scattering of hard x-ray Bell states
Authors: Caradonna Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The theoretical cross section for Compton scattering of maximally entangled Bell photons has yet to be rigorously confirmed by experiments. Test cases of Bell states for use in Compton scattering experiments can now be expanded given reports of creating all 4 Bell states in the hard x-ray regime by the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We outline an experiment and apply a matrix method to parameterize Compton scattering theory using the phase matching angles. When the azimuths of two hypothetical photon counters are recorded at angles of 0 degrees and 90 degrees, and the ratio of their counting rates determined, azimuthal ratios are expected to be 600 times larger compared to 511 keV Bell photons.
Promoting of direct electron transfer of multicopper oxidase by control of enzyme molecule density on multi-walled carbon nanotube
Authors: Takamura Eiichiro , Ohnishi Taku , Sakamoto Hiroaki , Satomura Takenori , Suye Shin-ichiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the performance of direct electron transfer-type electrode using multicopper oxidase (MCO), it is important to shorten the distance between the redox site of the enzyme and the electrode surface to increase electron transfer efficiency between enzyme and electrode. In this study, we focused on the mobility of the MCO from hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrobaculum aerophilum, immobilized onto electrode surface via an affinity tag at the MCO terminus. The mobility of the immobilized enzyme was controlled by changing the density of the immobilized enzyme on the electrode surface by altering the density of the linker for enzyme immobilization. The electrode with low density of MCO immobilized on electrode surface was improved swing ability of the enzyme. It showed 265% higher current density for electrochemical O2 reduction than that with high density of MCO immobilized on electrode surface. Biofuel cell using a cathode with a low density of MCO immobilized on the electrode showed 160% higher power density than a biofuel cell using a cathode with a high density of MCO immobilized on the electrode.
Machine learning for neutron scattering at ORNL*
Authors: Doucet Mathieu , Samarakoon Anjana M , Do Changwoo , Heller William T , Archibald Richard , Alan Tennant D , Proffen Thomas , Granroth Garrett E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) offers exciting new opportunities to extract more information from scattering data. At neutron scattering user facilities, ML has the potential to help accelerate scientific productivity by empowering facility users with insight into their data which has traditionally been supplied by scattering experts. Such support can help in both speeding up common modeling problems for users, as well as help solve harder problems that are normally time consuming and difficult to address with standard methods. This article explores the recent ML work undertaken at Oak Ridge National Laboratory involving neutron scattering data. We cover materials structure modeling for diffuse scattering, powder diffraction, and small-angle scattering. We also discuss how ML can help to model the response of the instrument more precisely, as well as enable quick extraction of information from neutron data. The application of super-resolution techniques to small-angle scattering and peak extraction for diffraction will be discussed.
Machine learning for analyzing and characterizing InAsSb-based nBn photodetectors
Authors: Glasmann Andreu , Kyrtsos Alexandros , Bellotti Enrico 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses two cases of applying artificial neural networks to the capacitance–voltage characteristics of InAsSb-based barrier infrared detectors. In the first case, we discuss a methodology for training a fully-connected feedforward network to predict the capacitance of the device as a function of the absorber, barrier, and contact doping densities, the barrier thickness, and the applied voltage. We verify the model’s performance with physics-based justification of trends observed in single parameter sweeps, partial dependence plots, and two examples of gradient-based sensitivity analysis. The second case focuses on the development of a convolutional neural network that addresses the inverse problem, where a capacitance–voltage profile is used to predict the architectural properties of the device. The advantage of this approach is a more comprehensive characterization of a device by capacitance–voltage profiling than may be possible with other techniques. Finally, both approaches are material and device agnostic, and can be applied to other semiconductor device characteristics.
Graph networks for molecular design
Authors: Mercado Rocío , Rastemo Tobias , Lindelöf Edvard , Klambauer Günter , Engkvist Ola , Chen Hongming , Jannik Bjerrum Esben 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Deep learning methods applied to chemistry can be used to accelerate the discovery of new molecules. This work introduces GraphINVENT, a platform developed for graph-based molecular design using graph neural networks (GNNs). GraphINVENT uses a tiered deep neural network architecture to probabilistically generate new molecules a single bond at a time. All models implemented in GraphINVENT can quickly learn to build molecules resembling the training set molecules without any explicit programming of chemical rules. The models have been benchmarked using the MOSES distribution-based metrics, showing how GraphINVENT models compare well with state-of-the-art generative models. This work compares six different GNN-based generative models in GraphINVENT, and shows that ultimately the gated-graph neural network performs best against the metrics considered here.
The large genome of Synechococcus moorigangaii CMS01 isolated from a mangrove ecosystem- evidences of motility and adaptive features
Authors: Ghosh Anwesha , Bhadury Punyasloke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The whole genome of Synechococcus moorigangaii CMS01 isolated from Indian Sundarbans mangroves of Bay of Bengal is about 5.5 Mbp in size and contains approximately 0.5 Mbp plasmids. Genome annotation revealed total of 5806 genes out of which 5701 were CDSs. Of these, 5616 coding genes with 5616 protein coding CDSs were found. Along with genes coding for essential metabolic proteins, transport proteins and other cellular apparatus, genome also codes for proteins involved in flagella and pilus formation which has not been widely reported before in any coastal species of Synechococcus. The genome contains one incomplete prophage sequence. The genome analysis revealed adaptive features of S. moorigangaii CMS01 and establishes its ubiquitous distribution in coastal water of Bay of Bengal.
GAERF: predicting lncRNA-disease associations by graph auto-encoder and random forest
Authors: Wu Qing-Wen , Xia Jun-Feng , Ni Jian-Cheng , Zheng Chun-Hou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPredicting disease-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is beneficial to finding of new biomarkers for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of complex human diseases. In this paper, we proposed a machine learning techniques-based classification approach to identify disease-related lncRNAs by graph auto-encoder (GAE) and random forest (RF) (GAERF). First, we combined the relationship of lncRNA, miRNA and disease into a heterogeneous network. Then, low-dimensional representation vectors of nodes were learned from the network by GAE, which reduce the dimension and heterogeneity of biological data. Taking these feature vectors as input, we trained a RF classifier to predict new lncRNA-disease associations (LDAs). Related experiment results show that the proposed method for the representation of lncRNA-disease characterizes them accurately. GAERF achieves superior performance owing to the ensemble learning method, outperforming other methods significantly. Moreover, case studies further demonstrated that GAERF is an effective method to predict LDAs.
LDpred2: better, faster, stronger
Authors: Privé Florian , Arbel Julyan , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Polygenic scores have become a central tool in human genetics research. LDpred is a popular method for deriving polygenic scores based on summary statistics and a matrix of correlation between genetic variants. However, LDpred has limitations that may reduce its predictive performance.

Results
Here, we present LDpred2, a new version of LDpred that addresses these issues. We also provide two new options in LDpred2: a ‘sparse’ option that can learn effects that are exactly 0, and an ‘auto’ option that directly learns the two LDpred parameters from data. We benchmark predictive performance of LDpred2 against the previous version on simulated and real data, demonstrating substantial improvements in robustness and predictive accuracy compared to LDpred1. We then show that LDpred2 also outperforms other polygenic score methods recently developed, with a mean AUC over the 8 real traits analyzed here of 65.1%, compared to 63.8% for lassosum, 62.9% for PRS-CS and 61.5% for SBayesR. Note that LDpred2 provides more accurate polygenic scores when run genome-wide, instead of per chromosome.

Availability and implementation
LDpred2 is implemented in R package bigsnpr.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli diagnosed by Stx PCR: assessing the public health risk of non-O157 strains
Authors: Carroll K.J , Jenkins C , Harvey-Vince L , Mohan K , Balasegaram S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The implementation by diagnostic laboratories in England of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to screen faecal specimens for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has resulted in a significant increase in notifications mainly due to non-O157 strains. The purpose of this study was to develop an approach to public health risk assessment that prioritizes follow-up to cases caused by haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) associated E. coli (HUSEC) strains and minimizes unnecessary actions.

Methods
Epidemiological and microbiological data were prospectively collected from 1 November 2013 to 31 March 2017 and used to compare three risk assessment approaches.

Results
A history of HUS/bloody diarrhoea/age under 6 years and faecal specimens positive for stx-predicted HUSEC with a diagnostic accuracy of 84% (95% CI; 81–88%). STEC isolated by Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit (GBRU) and stx2 and eae positive predicted HUSEC with a diagnostic accuracy of 99% (95% CI; 98–100%). Risk assessment combining these two tests predicts the most efficient use of resources, predicting that 18% (97/552) of cases would be eligible for follow-up at some stage, 16% (86/552) following local stx PCR results, 1% (7/552) following GBRU results of stx2 and eae status and 0.7% (4/552) following whole-genome sequencing. Follow-up could be stopped in 78% (76/97) of these cases, 97% (74/76) following second stage risk assessment.

Conclusions
This three-stage risk assessment approach prioritizes follow-up to HUSEC and minimizes unnecessary public health actions. We developed it into the algorithm for public health actions included in the updated PHE Guidance for management of STEC published in August 2018.
Divergences in the Control of Mitochondrial Respiration Are Associated With Life-Span Variation in Marine Bivalves
Authors: Rodríguez Enrique , Hakkou Mohammed , Hagen Tory M , Lemieux Hélène , Blier Pierre U 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The role played by mitochondrial function in the aging process has been a subject of intense debate in the past few decades, as part of the efforts to understand the mechanistic basis of longevity. The mitochondrial oxidative stress theory of aging suggests that a progressive decay of this organelle’s function leads to an exacerbation of oxidative stress, with a deleterious impact on mitochondrial structure and DNA, ultimately promoting aging. Among the traits suspected to be associated with longevity is the variation in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, potentially affecting the management of oxidative stress. Longitudinal studies using the framework of metabolic control analysis have shown age-related differences in the flux control of respiration, but this approach has seldom been taken on a comparative scale. Using 4 species of marine bivalves exhibiting a large range of maximum life span (from 28 years to 507 years), we report life-span-related differences in flux control at different steps of the electron transfer system. Increased longevity was characterized by a lower control by NADH (complex I-linked) and Succinate (complex II-linked) pathways, while respiration was strongly controlled by complex IV when compared to shorter-lived species. Complex III exerted strong control over respiration in all species. Furthermore, high longevity was associated with higher citrate synthase activity and lower ATP synthase activity. Relieving the control exerted by the electron entry pathways could be advantageous for reaching higher longevity, leading to increased control by complex IV, the final electron acceptor in the electron transfer system.
Relationship Between Dietary Variety and Frailty in Older Japanese Women During the Period of Restriction on Outings Due to COVID-19
Authors: Otaki Naoto , Yano Megumu , Yokoro Miyuki , Tanino Norikazu , Fukuo Keisuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between diet and frailty in community-dwelling older adults during the period of restriction on outings due to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodA mail survey targeting adults aged 65 years or older, including questions on sex, age, height, weight, and social participation, was conducted in May 2020. The participants’ dietary variety score and frailty score were then calculated.ResultsOverall, 322 women aged 65 years or older and who were living in the community were recruited for the study; 253 were finally analyzed. The mean age of the 253 participants was 80.0 ± 6.4 years. The dietary variety score and frailty scores were significantly correlated in the linear regression analysis (β: −0.224, p &lt; .001). In the multivariate regression analysis, these factors remained significantly correlated in Model 1, which was adjusted for age (β: −0.229, p &lt; .001), and Model 2, which was adjusted for age, body mass index, and other confounding factors (β: −0.208, p = .001).DiscussionDiet was correlated with frailty in older adults living in the community during the period of restriction on outings due to COVID-19.
Remote triggering in Iran: large peak dynamic stress is not the main driver of triggering
Authors: Bansal Abhey Ram , Ghods Abdolreza 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYThe study of the dynamic triggering of earthquakes and tremors during large earthquakes at faraway distances is an active area of research. This type of remote dynamic triggering is often found in subduction zones. The Iranian plateau is part of the Alpine–Himalayan orogenic system and hosts different collision styles of deformation and significant strike-slip faults. Using 13 yr (26 December 2004–8 September 2017) of continuous data of Iranian National Seismic Network (INSN) and some dense temporary networks, for the first time we carried a systematic study of dynamic triggering in Iran during 47 recent large earthquakes with magnitude and depth ranges of 6.4–9.1 and 8–90 km, respectively. We explored the local catalogue of 124 805 events with a magnitude of completeness (Mc) of 1.8 for the study of dynamic triggering but did not find any convincing evidence of dynamic triggering from the catalogue. The waveform data of 24 hr duration around the main events were analysed to find possible dynamic triggering through manual analysis of the waveform, STA/LTA, and beta statistics and found the triggering. We found dynamic triggering in Iran during Sumatra, 26 December 2004, Mw 9.1; Tohoku-Oki, 11 March 2011, Mw 9.1; Indian Ocean, 11 April 2012, Mw8.6 and Baluchistan, 24 September 2013 earthquakes and also possible triggering during Sumatra, 12 September 2007, Mw8.5. Only ∼10 per cent of the analysed earthquakes produced dynamic triggering. The triggering initiates during the passage of high amplitude Love waves and continues through the passage of the Rayleigh waves. We found north, central and eastern regions are more probable for triggering than Zagros and Makran regions. The instances of triggering were not restricted to only a small region, but instead, occurred at multiple locations. We find the onset of tremor correlates with very small stress changes, on the order of 1 kPA. However, the amplitude of the dynamic stresses is not a sufficient condition since some of the areas with considerably larger dynamic stresses are not triggered any seismicity in the region. The backazimuth angle of ∼50° and ∼120° seems to play an important role in the triggering. Teleseismic waves most probable for triggering local earthquakes within NW and central Iran include incoming surface waves with an incident angle of ∼60°–90° with respect to the local fault fabric.