bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The strengths and weaknesses of viscoelastic testing compared to traditional coagulation testing
Authors: Cohen Tobias , Haas Thorsten , Cushing Melissa M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOptimized acute bleeding management requires timely and reliable laboratory testing to detect and diagnose coagulopathies and guide transfusion therapy. Conventional coagulation tests (CCT) are inexpensive with minimal labor requirements, but CCTs may have delayed turnaround times. In addition, abnormal CCT values may not reflect in vivo coagulopathies that require treatment and may lead to overtransfusion. The use of viscoelastic testing (VET) has been rapidly expanding and is recommended by several recent bleeding guidelines. This review is intended to compare CCT to VET, review the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches, and evaluate and summarize the clinical studies that compared CCT‐based and VET‐based transfusion algorithms. Most studies of CCT vs VET transfusion algorithms favor the use of VET in the management of massively bleeding patients due to reductions in blood product utilization, bleeding, costs, and lengths of stay.
Viscoelastic testing in liver transplantation
Authors: Sakai Tetsuro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite the lack of large randomized clinical studies, viscoelastic tests (VETs) have been a critical armamentarium for hemostatic control in liver transplantation (LT) since the 1960s. Many transplant institutions have adopted VETs in their clinical practice. Several small‐size randomized clinical trials on LT patients have suggested that VET‐guided hemostatic treatment algorithms have led to decreased indications for and amounts of transfused blood products, especially fresh‐frozen plasma, compared to standard laboratory‐based hemostatic management. VETs have also been reported to offer insight into the diagnosis and prediction of LT patients' development of hypercoagulability‐related morbidity and mortality. There is still a need for VET device–specific hemostatic algorithms in LT, and clinicians must take into account the tendency to underestimate the coagulation capacity of VETs in patients with end‐stage liver disease where hemostasis is rebalanced.
Role of therapeutic plasma exchanges in refractory severe warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Presentation of two case reports
Authors: García‐García Irene , Cid Joan , Palomino Alicia , Giné Eva , Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Cibeira María T. , Lozano Miquel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWarm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) is a disorder with a usually good response to corticosteroid treatment, whereas in some cases first‐line treatment's response is poor and other therapies such as intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs), rituximab, or splenectomy must be applied.Study Design and MethodsHerein, we describe two patients with severe WAIHA treated at our center, who obtained a response after therapeutic plasma exchanges (TPEs) combined with low doses of IVIG.ResultsThe first patient was an 18‐year‐old man with no relevant past medical history who was diagnosed with WAIHA. The patient presented a progressive clinical worsening despite treatment with prednisone, IVIG, and rituximab. After starting TPEs, signs of hemolysis rapidly improved and hemoglobin started to recover. The second patient was a 38‐year‐old man with a past history of immune thrombocytopenia and WAIHA. The patient presented a new flare of WAIHA, with no response after 2 weeks of treatment with corticosteroids, IVIG, and rituximab. After initiation of TPEs, the patient had an improvement in hemolysis biomarkers and recovery of hemoglobin concentration.ConclusionCombination of TPEs with rituximab and IVIG might be considered as a therapeutic option in patients with severe WAIHA without response to corticosteroid and IVIG treatment.
Strategies for blood collection and optimization of the blood supply chain during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Greece
Authors: Politis Constantina , Richardson Clive , Hassapopoulou‐Matamis Helen , Politi Lida , Hatziagapiou Kyriaki , Grouzi Elisavet , Bollas George , Soulakis Vassilios , Pagonis Sotirios , Nomikou Efrosini , Constantinidis Eleftherios , Zervou Eleftheria 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundEarly action in Greece restricted COVID‐19 to Europe’s second lowest rate of cases and deaths. However, the pandemic significantly reduced blood supply. We present counter‐measures implemented in Greece, analyse data retrieved from blood services in the period from 1st February to 14th May 2020, and examine the pandemic’s impact on blood supply and demand.Materials and MethodsSixteen blood services provided their aggregate blood collection, broken down by whole blood or platelet apheresis, and by location (inside or outside the hospital), every two weeks during the study period. Aggregate donor demographics were recorded where available. Total collection was compared by period and location.ResultsTotal blood collection declined by 36% during the study, especially (65%) on the premises of the blood services. However, outpatient blood sessions organized under the ‘All Together We Can’ programme had an important impact, and supply and demand were balanced by the end of the study.ConclusionThe strategy of blood sessions and blood drives in outpatient facilities, rather than the in‐hospital environment, was successful in securing a balance between blood collection and demand. Significant shortages in supply were reported, as expected during pandemics; however, the blood inventory was managed efficiently and a demand‐based blood collection and allocation plan was developed to achieve adequate blood supply. Stringent transfusion criteria and surveillance for emergency usage of blood components were used to help in this. An active surveillance system for emergency procurement and use of blood components was also designed to optimize the blood supply chain.
A Review of Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of Metal Foam and Its Application as Heat Sinks for Electronics Cooling
Authors: Li Yongtong , Gong Liang , Xu Minghai , Joshi Yogendra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh porosity metal foams offer large surface area per unit volume and have been considered as effective candidates for convection heat transfer enhancement, with applications as heat sinks in electronics cooling. In this paper, the research progress in thermohydraulic performance characterization of metal foams and their application as heat sinks for electronics cooling are reviewed. We focus on buoyancy-induced convection, forced convection, flow boiling, and solid/liquid phase change using phase change materials (PCMs). Under these heat transfer conditions, the effects of various parameters influencing the performance of metal foam heat sink are discussed. It is concluded that metal foams demonstrate promising capability for heat transfer augmentation, but some key issues still need to be investigated regarding the fundamental mechanisms of heat transfer to enable the development of more efficient and compact heat sinks.
Characteristics of Diamond Abrasive Used in Magnetic Abrasive Finishing of Nickel-Based Superalloys
Authors: Ratay Jason , Wu Pei-Ying , Feirvezers Alex , Yamaguchi Hitomi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nickel-based superalloys have a wide range of high-temperature applications such as turbine blades. The complex geometries of these applications and the specific properties of the materials raise difficulties in the surface finishing. Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) has proven effective in finishing the complex geometries. In MAF, the magnetic properties of the workpiece, tool, and abrasive play important roles in controlling finishing characteristics. This paper presents the effects of nickel coating on the abrasive behavior during finishing and resulting finishing characteristics of Ni-based superalloys. The Ni-coated diamond abrasive is more attracted to the magnet than the Ni-based superalloy surface. As a result, fewer Ni-coated diamond abrasive particles, which are stuck between the magnetic-particle brush and the target surface, participate in surface finishing. Because of this, coupled with the reduced sharpness of abrasive cutting edges due to the coating, Ni-coated diamond abrasive cannot effectively smooth the target surface in MAF. However, the Ni coating is worn off during finishing of the hard, rough, additively manufactured surface. Then, the diamond abrasive participates in finishing as uncoated diamond abrasive and facilitates the material removal, finishing the target surface.
Use of Mathematical Model to Predict the Maximum Permissible Stage Injection Time for Mitigating Frac-Driven Interactions in Hydraulic-Fracturing Shale Gas/Oil Wells
Authors: Zhang Nan , Guo Boyun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Frac-driven interactions (FDIs) often lead to sharp decline in gas and oil production rates of wells in shale gas/oil reservoirs. How to minimize the FDI is an open problem in the oil and gas industry. Xiao et al.’s (2019, “An Analytical Model for Describing Sequential Initiation and Simultaneous Propagation of Multiple Fractures in Hydraulic Fracturing Shale Oil/Gas Formations,” Energy Sci Eng., 7(5), pp. 1514–1526.) analytical model for two-fracture systems was extended in this study to obtain a general model for handling multiple fractures. The general model was used to identify engineering factors affecting the maximum permissible stage fluid injection time for minimizing FDI. On the basis of model results obtained, we found that increasing fluid injection rate can create more short fractures and thus increase the maximum permissible stage injection time before FDI occurs. Use of dilatant type of fracturing fluid (n &gt; 1) can reduce the growth of long fractures, promote the creation of more short fractures, and thus increase the maximum permissible stage injection time before FDI occurs. It is also expected that injecting dilatant type of fracturing fluid at high rate will allow for longer injection time and thus larger injection volume, resulting in larger stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) with higher fracture intensity and thus higher well productivity and hydrocarbon recovery factor.
Energy Efficiency Improvement of a Refrigerator Integrated With Phase Change Material-Based Condenser
Authors: Dandotiya Devendra , Banker Nitin D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Energy consumption of a household refrigerator majorly depends on the ambient temperature and is highest at the noontime and lowest at the night. To mitigate the impact of higher ambient temperature, condenser of the refrigerator is modified by incorporating phase change material (PCM) in it. This article presents the development of numerical model of the PCM-based condenser and its comparison with the experimental model. A 3D numerical model for a PCM, namely, FS21-based condenser has been developed in commercial software ansys fluent 16.2, and the simulation outcomes are compared with the experimental test results. A correlation of a coefficient of performance (COP) which is a function of PCM temperature has been proposed. Based on the developed numerical model and the correlation, two other PCM-based heat exchangers, RT25 and RT25HC, are also analyzed numerically and their PCM temperatures are predicted. At the end, COP of the refrigerator with each PCM is compared.
Evaluation of the Pore Structure Variation During Hydraulic Fracturing in Marine Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Meng Mianmo , Ge Hongkui , Shen Yinghao , Ji Wenming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing becomes a necessary method to exploit shale gas, and the imbibition behavior of fracturing fluid can cause the pore structure variation. At present, the evaluation of this variation has less been investigated, and repeated imbibition was conducted to research the variation of pore structure. First imbibition was conducted as simulating the pore structure variation during hydraulic fracturing, and repeated imbibition was carried out to appraise this kind of variation. Two significant parameters were proposed to estimate the pore structure variation, which are the differential value of initial imbibition rate and the utmost differential value of normalized imbibed volume. Initial imbibition rate is closely related to pore connectivity, and normalized imbibed volume reflects the pore volume. Reservoirs with a higher value of these two parameters have advantage for developing its resources. Sichuan Longmaxi formation has the highest value in both parameters among all formations, which showed that Sichuan Longmaxi formation has advantage for exploiting its resources by hydraulic fracturing. Baojing Longmaxi formation, Sichuan Niutitang formation, and Cengong Niutitang formation have a lower value in both two parameters which indicated that these formations have less potential to develop its resources by hydraulic fracturing. These two parameters are mainly influenced by wettability and initial permeability, and have no obvious relationship with clay content. Overall, our research is conducive to screening the ideal formation for exploiting shale gas by hydraulic fracturing.
Analysis and Experimental Research on the Fluid–Solid Coupled Heat Transfer of High-Speed Motorized Spindle Bearing Under Oil–Air Lubrication
Authors: Gao Feng , Jia Weitao , Li Yan , Zhang Dongya , Wang Zhengliang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For high-speed motorized spindle bearing, temperature rise is the primary factor that restricts the maximum speed of spindle and affects the stability of system. This paper addresses the lubrication and cooling of spindle bearing by exploiting the precise oil control and high cooling efficiency of oil–air lubrication. Enlightened by the bearing tribology and two-phase flow theory, a numerical model of oil–air two-phase flow heat transfer inside bearing cavity is created, with which the effects of operating condition and nozzle structure parameters on the temperature rise are studied. As the results show, with the elevation in speed, the heat generation increases rapidly, and despite the somewhat enhanced heat transfer effect, the temperature still tends to rise. Given the higher volume fraction of air than oil in the two-phase flow, the temperature rise of bearing is suppressed greatly as the air inlet velocity increases, revealing a remarkable cooling effect. When a single nozzle is used, the bearing temperature increases from the inlet to both sides, which peaks on the opposite side of the inlet. In case multiple evenly distributed nozzles are used, the high-temperature range narrows gradually, and the temperature distributions in the inner and outer rings tend to be consistent. With the increase in the nozzle aspect ratio, the airflow velocity drops evidently, which affects the heat dissipation, thereby resulting in an aggravated temperature rise. Finally, the simulation analysis is verified through experimentation, which provides a theoretical basis for selecting optimal parameters for the oil–air lubrication of high-speed bearing.
Comparison of Dry Sliding Tribological Behavior of Nanostructured Al2O3–13 wt% TiO2 Coatings Prepared by High-Efficiency Supersonic Plasma Spraying and Atmospheric Plasma Spraying
Authors: Jin Zi-ang , Ma Jian-long , Zhu Li-na , Wang Hai-dou , Li Guo-lu , Liu Ming 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings have been widely used in friction and wear protection of mechanical parts. In this paper, the nanostructured Al2O3–13 wt% TiO2 coatings were prepared by high-efficiency supersonic plasma spraying (HESP) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), respectively. The surface and section morphology of the coatings were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase composition of the coatings was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dry sliding friction properties of the coatings were tested on UMT-3 friction and wear testing machine. The results show that after plasma spraying, a large amount of γ-Al2O3 phase appears, while the TiO2 phase almost disappears in the coatings; compared with APS, the coatings sprayed by HESP have fewer defects and better coating quality; under dry friction condition, the steady-state friction coefficient of the coatings sprayed by HESP and APS all decreases with the increase of load, and the wear volume all increases with the increase of load. When the load is more than 40 N, wear volume of the coatings sprayed by APS is basically twice that of HESP; the wear mechanism of the coatings sprayed by HESP is the laminar cracking, peeling off and the adhesive wear.
Optimal Geometry for Cable Wrapping to Minimize Dynamic Impacts on Cable-Harnessed Beam Structures
Authors: Cao Shilei , Agrawal Pranav , Qi Naiming , Salehian Armaghan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Power and cable carrier systems have been shown to significantly impact the dynamic behavior of lightweight space structures. The goal of this paper is to obtain an optimal cable placement geometry for cable-harnessed beam structures by minimizing the impact of added cables on the system dynamics. The cable is harnessed to the beam in a periodic pattern, which forms several repeating fundamental elements within the structure. An analytical model for the cable-harnessed beam, using an energy-equivalence homogenization method, is employed for the purpose of optimization. The natural frequencies of the cable-harnessed beam are then matched with the bare beam (when no cables attached) using an optimization algorithm to find the optimal cable placement solution for the given system parameters. Subsequently, the system parameters’ effects on the optimal solutions are investigated and discussed. Experimental modal analysis is then performed to further validate the optimal solutions found using the model. The test results further validate findings from the model, and the frequency response functions from the bare and optimally wrapped beams align really well.
Natural Frequencies and Band Gaps of Periodically Corrugated Beams
Authors: Bachour Rhamy Salim , Nicoletti Rodrigo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Structures with geometric periodicity can present interesting dynamic properties like stop and pass frequency bands. In this case, the geometric periodicity has the effect of filtering the propagating waves in the structure, in a similar way to that of phononic crystals and metamaterials (non-homogeneous materials). Hence, by adopting such structures, we can design systems that present dynamic characteristics of interest, e.g., with minimum dynamic response in a given frequency range with large bandwidth. In the present work, we show that corrugated beams also present the dynamic properties of periodic structures due to their periodic geometry only (no need of changing mass or material properties along the beam). Two types of corrugated beams are studied analytically: beams with curved bumps of constant radii and beams with bumps composed of straight segments. The results show that, as we change the proportions of the bump, the natural frequencies change and tend to form large band gaps in the frequency spectrum of the beam. Such shifting of the natural frequencies is related to the coupling between longitudinal and transverse waves in the curved beam. The results also show that it is possible to predict the position and the limits of the first band gap (at least) as a function of the fundamental frequency of the straight beam (without bumps), irrespective of the total length of the corrugated beam.
Spinning Wave Scattering From a Flow Pipe With Serrations
Authors: Jiang Hanbo , Huang Xun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It is well known that trailing-edge serrations, which are also known as chevrons, are able to reduce the turbulent mixing noise from an aeroengine. The study of the associated control capability of the scattering of incident waves from the rotor–stator assembly is rare. To address this issue, a theoretical model is proposed to predict sound wave scattering from a cylindrical pipe with trailing-edge serrations in the presence of plug flows. The model incorporates Fourier series expansion into the Wiener–Hopf method and, therefore, is a natural extension of the previous aerofoil work by Huang (2017, “Theoretical Model of Acoustic Scattering From a Flat Plate With Serrations,” J. Fluid Mech., 819, pp. 228–257). The nature of the flow duct problem, however, leads to a much more complicated matrix kernel, and the associated factorization method is given in this article. The proposed model is validated by comparison with the numerical simulations at certain representative setups, which show the overall agreements to be satisfactory. The comparisons also show that the proposed model is so efficient that it can enable rapid predictions. A series of parametric studies are performed to study the two mechanisms behind the noise reduction of a serrated flow duct. One is the redistribution of acoustic energy to new higher cutoff modes. The other is the destructive interference due to multiple scattering from serrations. Overall, the proposed model should be helpful in offering deep physical insights and would be able to assist the aeroacoustic design and optimization of new low-noise aeroengines and flow duct systems after considering the tradeoff with aerodynamic impacts.
Implications of Nonsub-Wavelength Resonator Spacing on the Sound Transmission Loss Predictions of Locally Resonant Metamaterial Partitions
Authors: Van Belle Lucas , Claeys Claus , Deckers Elke , Desmet Wim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Locally resonant metamaterials have recently emerged and gained attention in the field of noise control engineering. The addition of resonant structures to a flexible partition on a sub-wavelength scale enables a targeted frequency range of strongly reduced vibration and sound transmission. These structures have been widely studied and are typically analyzed using infinite periodic structure theory. The implications of nonsub-wavelength resonator spacing on the sound transmission loss of metamaterial partitions as well as on the representativeness of the infinite periodic structure modeling are, however, less well known. In this technical brief, it is shown that, although a shifted sound transmission loss peak can be predicted for partitions with nonsub-wavelength resonator spacing when using infinite periodic structure modeling, the sound transmission loss enhancement is not guaranteed for their finite structure counterparts.