bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety in Pediatric Hospice and Palliative Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pestian Teresa , Thienprayoon Rachel , Grossoehme Daniel , Friebert Sarah , Humphrey Lisa 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Patient safety is extensively studied in both adults and pediatric medicine; however, knowledge is limited regarding particular safety events in pediatric hospice and palliative care (HPC). Additionally, pediatric HPC lacks a unified definition of safe care. This qualitative study sought to explore caregiver views regarding safe care in pediatric HPC.

Methods:
This is a secondary analysis of qualitative data from a multisite study utilizing semistructured interview data to evaluate parental perspectives of quality in pediatric home-based HPC programs across 3 different pediatric tertiary care hospitals. Eligible participants included parents and caregivers of children who were enrolled in a pediatric home-based hospice and palliative care program (HBHPC) from 2012 to 2016. The analysis was done using grounded theory methodology.

Results:
Forty-three parents participated in 39 interviews across all 3 sites; 19 families were bereaved. Responses to the prompt regarding safe care produced 8 unique domains encompassing parental definitions of safe care in pediatric HPC.

Discussion:
Parents of children in HPC programs describe “safe care” in novel ways, some of which echo Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The use of traditional hospital safety measures for patients receiving HPC could undermine the patient’s goals or dignity, ultimately leading to harm to the patient.

Concluding summary:
Patients’ and families’ unique goals and values must be considered when defining safety for children in this population. Future studies should continue to explore family perspectives of safety in the hospital and ambulatory settings and seek to identify measurable indicators in safety which are truly patient- and family-centered.
Incorporating the Voice of Community Based Pediatricians to Improve Discharge Communication
Authors: Weiss Lindsay , Cooley Anthony , Orenstein Evan , Levy Matthew , Edmond Mary , Wong Emily , Hua Hannah , Hames Nicole 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Communication between pediatric hospitalists and primary care physicians (PCPs) at discharge is an essential part of a successful transition to home. While many hospitals require communicating with PCPs for all admitted patients, it is unknown if PCPs find such communication valuable or if it improves outcomes. Our global aim was to improve discharge communication for patients that pediatric hospitalists and PCPs deemed appropriate.

Methods:
We sent surveys to 422 outpatient pediatricians in our care network to understand their communication preferences. Survey results informed local guidelines for when hospitalists should directly contact PCPs. We determined the proportion of inpatient discharges meeting those guidelines and set a target for our primary process metric: the proportion of discharges with attempted direct PCP contact. We engaged in Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, including a discharge documentation tool in the electronic health record, education of inpatient teams, email reminders including group performance data, asynchronous Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant messaging application, and competitions that shared blinded individual data.

Results:
We increased the percentage of documented direct communication with the PCPs from 2% to 33% and from 4% to 65% for those who met guidelines for direct communication.

Conclusions:
PCPs only want direct communication on a subset of discharges. Interventions focused on high-yield populations improved discharge communication in our institution.
COVID-19, Race, and Redlining
Authors: Bertocchi Graziella , Dimico Arcangelo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiscussion on the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on African Americans has been at center stage since the outbreak of the epidemic in the United States. To present day, however, lack of race-disaggregated individual data has prevented a rigorous assessment of the extent of this phenomenon and the reasons why blacks may be particularly vulnerable to the disease. Using individual and georeferenced death data collected daily by the Cook County Medical Examiner, we provide first evidence that race does affect COVID-19 outcomes. The data confirm that in Cook County blacks are overrepresented in terms of COVID-19 related deaths since—as of June 16, 2020—they constitute 35 percent of the dead, so that they are dying at a rate 1.3 times higher than their population share.Furthermore, by combining the spatial distribution of mortality with the 1930s redlining maps for the Chicago area, we obtain a block group level panel dataset of weekly deaths over the period January 1, 2020-June 16, 2020, over which we establish that, after the outbreak of the epidemic, historically lower-graded neighborhoods display a sharper increase in mortality, driven by blacks, while no pre-treatment differences are detected. Thus, we uncover a persistence influence of the racial segregation induced by the discriminatory lending practices of the 1930s, by way of a diminished resilience of the black population to the shock represented by the COVID-19 outbreak. A heterogeneity analysis reveals that the main channels of transmission are socioeconomic status and household composition, whose influence is magnified in combination with a higher black share.JEL CodesI14, J15, N32, N92, R38.
The Effect of Refractive Blur in the Vividness of Mental Imagery
Authors: Suresh Tharan , Roy Anupama , Shaikh Atif , Rajkumar Joanne Lydia , Mathew Vivek , Prabhakar A.T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundVisual mental imagery or “seeing with the mind’s eye” is an everyday phenomenon. Visual mental imagery and visual perception share common neural-networks. Hence deficits that affect the visual perception may also affect visual mental imagery.AimWe aimed to study the effect of refractive blur on the vividness of mental imagery.MethodsSubjects were recruited from volunteers and divided into two groups; individuals with refractive errors–Ametropes(AM), and individuals without refractive errors – Emmetropes(EM). After filling in the Verbalizer-Visualizer-Questionnaire (VVQ), the subjects were asked to perform a mental imagery task with and without refractive blur. The participants were asked to generate a mental image of a specific object initially with eyes closed, eyes open and then with refractive blur in random order, and then judge the vividness of the mental image on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (low vividness) to 5 (good vividness). The EM participants had to wear a + 2D spectacles to produce refractive blur.ResultsA total of 162 participants were recruited to the study. Of these 73 were EM and 89 were AM. Of the AM, 30 had additional astigmatism. The mean VVQ score was 64.9(11.2). The mean refractive error was 1.8(1.3)D. Following the mental imagery task, at baseline with eyes closed, 138 (85.5%)subjects had vivid mental imagery close to visual perception(Likert scale:5). With the opening of the eyes, the vividness dropped by at least 1 point in the Likert scale in 139(85.8%). With the introduction of refractive blur, 153(94.4%) subjects had a drop in the vividness of the image by at least 1 point and 22(13.6%) subjects by at least 2 points.ConclusionIntroduction of refractory blur results in the reduction of the vividness of mental imagery.
MRI Brain Templates of the Male Yucatan Minipig
Authors: Norris Carly , Lisinski Jonathan , McNeil Elizabeth , VanMeter John W. , VandeVord Pamela , LaConte Stephen M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe pig is growing in popularity as an experimental animal because its gyrencephalic brain is similar to humans. Currently, however, there is a lack of appropriate brain templates to support functional and structural neuroimaging pipelines. The primary contribution of this work is an average volume from an iterative, non-linear registration of 70 male Yucatan minipig subjects whose ages ranged from five to seven months. In addition, several aspects of this study are unique, including the comparison of linear and non-linear template generation, the characterization of a large and homogeneous cohort, an analysis of effective resolution after averaging, and the evaluation of potential within template bias as well as a comparison with a template from another minipig species using a “left-out” validation set. We found that within our highly homogeneous co-hort, non-linear registration produced better templates, but only marginally so. Although our T1-weighted data were resolution limited, we preserved effective resolution across the multi-subject average, produced templates that have high gray-white matter contrast, and demonstrated superior registration accuracy compared to the only known alternative minipig template.
Multifractal roots of suprapostural dexterity
Authors: Kelty-Stephen Damian G. , Lee I-Chieh , Carver Nicole S. , Newell Karl M. , Mangalam Madhur 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVisually guided postural control emerges in response to task constraints. Task constraints generate physiological fluctuations that foster the exploration of available sensory information at many scales. Temporally correlated fluctuations quantified using fractal and multifractal metrics have been shown to carry perceptual information across the body. The risk of temporally correlated fluctuations is that stable sway appears to depend on a healthy balance of standard deviation (SD): too much or too littleSDentails destabilization of posture. This study presses on the visual guidance of posture by prompting participants to quietly stand and fixate at distances within, less than, and beyond comfortable viewing distance. Manipulations of the visual precision demands associated with fixating nearer and farther than comfortable viewing distance reveals an adaptive relationship betweenSDand temporal correlations in postural fluctuations. Changing the viewing distance of the fixation target shows that increases in temporal correlations andSDpredict subsequent reductions in each other. These findings indicate that the balance ofSDwithin stable bounds may depend on a tendency for temporal correlations to self-correct across time. Notably, these relationships became stronger with greater distance from the most comfortable viewing and reaching distance, suggesting that this self-correcting relationship allows the visual layout to press the postural system into a poise for engaging with objects and events. Incorporating multifractal analysis showed that all effects attributable to monofractal evidence were better attributed to multifractal evidence of nonlinear interactions across scales. These results offer a glimpse of how current nonlinear dynamical models of self-correction may play out in biological goal-oriented behavior. We interpret these findings as part of the growing evidence that multifractal nonlinearity is a modeling strategy that resonates strongly with ecological-psychological approaches to perception and action.
Exposure to maternal high-fat diet induces extensive changes in the brain of adult offspring
Authors: Fernandes Darren J. , Spring Shoshana , Roy Anna R. , Qiu Lily R. , Yee Yohan , Nieman Brian J. , Lerch Jason P. , Palmert Mark R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMaternal environmental exposures, such as high-fat diets, diabetes and obesity, can induce long term effects in offspring. These effects include increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression and anxiety. The mechanisms underlying these late-life neurologic effects are unknown. In this article, we measured changes in the offspring brain and determined which brain regions are sensitive to maternal metabolic milieu and therefore may mediate NDD risk. We showed that mice exposed to maternal high-fat diet display extensive brain changes in adulthood despite being switched to low-fat diet at weaning. Brain regions impacted by early-life diet include the extended amygdalar system, which plays an important role in reward-seeking behaviour. Genes preferentially expressed in these regions have functions related to feeding behavior, while also being implicated in human NDDs, such as autism. Our data demonstrated that exposure to maternal high-fat diet in early-life leads to brain alterations that persist into adulthood, even after dietary modifications.
Agro-morphological, yield, and genotyping-by-sequencing data of selected wheat germplasm
Authors: Islam Madiha , Abdullah  , Zubaida Bibi , Shafqat Nosheen , Masood Rabia , Khan Uzma , Waseem Shahid , Waheed Mohammad Tahir , Haider Waseem , Tahir Jibran , Ahmed Ibrar , Naeem Muhammad , Ahmad Habib 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most important staple food in Pakistan. Knowledge of its genetic diversity is critical for designing effective crop breeding programs. Here we report agro-morphological and yield data for 112 genotypes (including 7 duplicates) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, advance lines, landraces and wild relatives, collected from several research institutes and breeders across Pakistan. We also report genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data for a selected sub-set of 52 genotypes. Sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform using the PE150 run. Data generated per sample ranged from 1.01 to 2.5 Gb; 90% of the short reads exhibited quality scores above 99.9%. TGACv1 wheat genome was used as a reference to map short reads from individual genotypes and to filter single nucleotide polymorphic loci (SNPs). On average, 364,074±54479 SNPs per genotype were recorded. The sequencing data has been submitted to the SRA database of NCBI (accession number SRP179096). The agro-morphological and yield data, along with the sequence data and SNPs will be invaluable resources for wheat breeding programs in future.
Lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infection in K18 human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice
Authors: Oladunni Fatai S. , Park Jun-Gyu , Tamayo Paula Pino , Gonzalez Olga , Akhter Anwari , Allué-Guardia Anna , Olmo-Fontánez Angélica , Gautam Shalini , Garcia-Vilanova Andreu , Ye Chengjin , Chiem Kevin , Headley Colwyn , Dwivedi Varun , Parodi Laura M. , Alfson Kendra J. , Staples Hilary M. , Schami Alyssa , Garcia Juan I. , Whigham Alison , Platt Roy Neal , Gazi Michal , Martinez Jesse , Chuba Colin , Earley Stephanie , Rodriguez Oscar H , Mdaki Stephanie Davis , Kavelish Katrina N , Escalona Renee , Hallam Cory R. A. , Christie Corbett , Patterson Jean L. , Anderson Tim J. C. , Carrion Ricardo , Dick Edward J. , Hall-Ursone Shannan , Schlesinger Larry S. , Kaushal Deepak , Giavedoni Luis D. , Alvarez Xavier , Turner Joanne , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Torrelles Jordi B. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTVaccine and antiviral development against SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 disease currently lacks a validated small animal model. Here, we show that transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) by the human cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18 hACE2) represent a susceptible rodent model. K18 hACE2-transgenic mice succumbed to SARS-CoV-2 infection by day 6, with virus detected in lung airway epithelium and brain. K18 ACE2-transgenic mice produced a modest TH1/2/17 cytokine storm in the lung and spleen that peaked by day 2, and an extended chemokine storm that was detected in both lungs and brain. This chemokine storm was also detected in the brain at day 4. K18 hACE2-transgenic mice are, therefore, highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and represent a suitable animal model for the study of viral pathogenesis, and for identification and characterization of vaccines (prophylactic) and antivirals (therapeutics) for SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated severe COVID-19 disease.
Algorithms underlying flexible phototaxis in larval zebrafish
Authors: Chen Alex B. , Deb Diptodip , Bahl Armin , Engert Florian 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYTo thrive, organisms must maintain physiological and environmental variables in optimal ranges. However, in a dynamic world, the optimal range of a variable might fluctuate depending on the organism’s state or environmental conditions. Given these fluctuations, how do biological control systems maintain optimal control of physiological and environmental variables? We explored this question by studying the phototactic behavior of larval zebrafish. We demonstrate, with behavioral experiments and computational modeling, that larval zebrafish use phototaxis to maintain environmental luminance at a set point that depends on luminance history. We further show that fish compute this set point using information from both eyes, and that the set point fluctuates on a timescale of seconds when environmental luminance changes. These results expand on previous studies, where phototaxis was found to be primarily positive, and suggest that larval zebrafish, rather than consistently turning towards the brighter areas, exert homeostatic control over the luminance of their surroundings. Furthermore, we show that fluctuations in the surrounding luminance feed back on the system to drive allostatic changes to the luminance set point. Our work has uncovered a novel principle underlying phototaxis in larval zebrafish and characterized a behavioral algorithm by which larval zebrafish exert control over a sensory variable.
Humic acids enrich the plant microbiota with bacterial candidates for the suppression of pathogens
Authors: de Andrade da Silva Maura Santos Reis , Tavares Orlando Carlos Huertas , Ribeiro Thiago Gonçalves , de Andrade da Silva Camilla Santos Reis , de Andrade da Silva Carolina Santos Reis , García-Mina José Maria , Baldani Vera Lúcia Divan , García Andrés Calderín , Berbara Ricardo Luiz Louro , da Conceição Jesus Ederson 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHumic acids (HAs) stimulate the growth of several plant species by regulating their hormonal and redox metabolisms. Nevertheless, studies on the relationship of these substances with the plant-associated microbiota are almost nonexistent. Here, we hypothesized that the effect of HAs occurs in parallel with the regulation of the plant-associated bacterial community. Our results show the positive influence of HAs on the growth of rice and its stimulation of the root system. Metataxonomics revealed that the structure and composition of root bacterial communities were affected upon the application of HAs.ChitinophagaandMucilaginibacterwere the predominant genera in HA-treated roots. These bacteria produce enzymes that degrade compounds like those present in the wall of fungi, oomycetes, and nematode eggs.Pseudomonasand theGp 1group ofAcidobacteria,both siderophore-producers and plant-growth promoters were also enriched, although with lower abundances. Given these results, we suggest that plants recruit these microorganisms in response to the stress caused by the HA-root interaction. For the first time, our findings indicate that HA-stimulated plants adopt the ecological strategy of recruiting members of the bacterial community that are candidates for the suppression of pathogens and, therefore, involved in plant defense.
Double Domain Swapping in HumanγC andγD Crystallin Drives Early Stages of Aggregation
Authors: Mondal Balaka , Nagesh Jayashree , Reddy Govardhan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHumanγD (HγD) andγC (HγC) are double domained crystallin (Crys) proteins expressed in the nucleus of the eye lens. Structural perturbations in the protein often trigger aggregation, which eventually leads to cataract. To decipher the underlying molecular mechanism, it is important to characterize the partially unfolded conformations of Crys proteins. Using coarse grained protein models and molecular dynamics simulations, we studied the role of on-pathway folding intermediates in the early stages of aggregation. The multi-dimensional free energy surface revealed at least three different folding pathways with the population of partially structured intermediates. The two dominant pathways confirm sequential folding of the N-terminal [Ntd] and the C-terminal domains [Ctd], while the third, least favored pathway involves intermediates where both the domains are partially folded. A native like intermediate (I∗), featuring the folded domains and disrupted inter domain contacts, gets populated in all the three pathways.I∗forms domain swapped dimers by swapping the entire Ntds and Ctds with other monomers. Population of such oligomers can explain the increased resistance to unfolding resulting in hysteresis observed in the folding experiments of HγD Crys. An ensemble of double domain swapped dimers are also formed during refolding, where intermediates consisting of partially folded Ntds and Ctds swap secondary structures with other monomers. The double domain swapping model presented in our study provides structural insights into the early events of aggregation in Crys proteins and identifies the key secondary structural swapping elements, where introducing mutations will aid in regulating the overall aggregation propensity.Abstract FigureGraphical Abstract figure
Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 reveals multiple lineages and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Lombardy, Italy
Authors: Alteri Claudia , Cento Valeria , Piralla Antonio , Costabile Valentino , Tallarita Monica , Colagrossi Luna , Renica Silvia , Giardina Federica , Novazzi Federica , Gaiarsa Stefano , Matarazzo Elisa , Antonello Maria , Vismara Chiara , Fumagalli Roberto , Epis Oscar Massimiliano , Puoti Massimo , Perno Carlo Federico , Baldanti Fausto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFrom February to April, 2020, Lombardy (Italy) was the area who worldwide registered the highest numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. By extensively analyzing 346 whole SARS-CoV-2 genomes, we demonstrated the simultaneous circulation in Lombardy of two major viral lineages, likely derived from multiple introductions, occurring since the second half of January. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (five of them non-synonymous) characterized the SARS-CoV-2 sequences, none of them affecting N-glycosylation sites. These two lineages, and the presence of two well defined clusters inside Lineage 1, revealed that a sustained community transmission was ongoing way before the first COVID-19 case found in Lombardy.