bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The LatinAmerican Telenovela: Perspectives on the Feminine and the Masculine
Authors: Cassano Giuliana 
Published: July 2020

This entry provides a theoretical reflection on the telenovela as a Latin American melodramatic product, its social and cultural significance, the way gender is represented in the characters it depicts, the themes it addresses, the characters, and situations it portrays.The stories of the telenovela build and consolidate the imaginaries of a society, particularly those of gender. We know that gender as a cultural construction condenses the meanings—that of sexual difference—each society elaborates. These meanings structure perception and establish a set of social mandates and expectations, configuring gender systems that establish different kinds of relations within each cultural group. The stories of the telenovela are not alien to these meanings; the representations that are produced and reproduced in them, respond to this set of expectations and mandates, but also represent breaks and fractures, changes and transformations around their meanings, since the telenovela is a symbolic production that has been transformed over time.
Occupational Risk in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Wang Xia , Perry Thomas A. , Arden Nigel , Chen Lingxiao , Parsons Camille M. , Cooper Cyrus , Gates Lucy , Hunter David J. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the association between occupational exposures and knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWe systematically searched for observational studies that examined the relationship between occupational exposures and knee OA and total knee replacement. Four databases were searched up to October 1, 2019. Two reviewers independently assessed study quality using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and evidence quality using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Subgroup meta‐analyses were conducted for important study characteristics and each type of occupational exposure. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated for the meta‐analysis using random‐effects models.ResultsEighty eligible studies were identified including 25 case–control (n = 20,505 total participants), 36 cross‐sectional (n = 139,463 total participants), and 19 cohort studies (n = 16,824,492 total participants). A synthesis of 71 studies suggested increased odds of knee OA (OR 1.52 [95% CI 1.37–1.69]) by combining different physically demanding jobs and occupational activities as compared to sedentary occupations and/or low‐exposure groups. Odds of knee OA were greater in males and in industry‐based studies and studies assessing lifetime occupational exposures. There were 9 specific job titles that were associated with knee OA, including farmer, builder, metal worker, and floor layer. Occupational lifting, kneeling, climbing, squatting, and standing were all associated with higher odds of knee OA as compared to the odds of knee OA in sedentary workers.ConclusionStrenuous, physically demanding occupations and occupational activities were associated with increased odds of knee OA as supported by moderate‐quality evidence. Specifically, agricultural and construction sectors, which typically involve heavy lifting, frequent climbing, prolonged kneeling, squatting, and standing, carried increased odds of knee OA.
Exploring Electron Transporting Layer in Combination with a Polyelectrolyte for n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Mengjie , Zhang Huimin , Liang Chunjun , Ji Chao , Jing Xiping , Sun Fulin , Song Qi , You Fangtian , He Zhiqun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA double‐layered poly(ethylenimine) ethoxylated (PEIE)/SnO2 composite structure, the ultrathin PEIE in contact with an indium‐tin‐oxide electrode, and an SnO2 layer interfaced with the perovskite, is developed as an electron‐transport layer (ETL) in the preparation of perovskite solar cells. The surface energy and the work function of the top SnO2 side of the composite ETL can be finely adjusted by tuning the underneath polyelectrolyte PEIE layer. These control the nucleation process in the crystallization of the perovskite layer and reduce the energy level mismatch between the electron transport and perovskite layers. High performance perovskite solar cells having a certified power conversion efficiency of 21.3%, with negligible hysteresis are achieved.
Fine‐scale spatial genetic structure, mating, and gene dispersal patterns in Parkia biglobosa populations with different levels of habitat fragmentation
Authors: Lompo Djingdia , Vinceti Barbara , Konrad Heino , Duminil Jérôme , Geburek Thomas 
Published: July 2020

PremiseA good understanding of genetic variation and gene dispersal in tree populations is crucial for their sustainable management, particularly in a context of rapid environmental changes. West African Sudanian savannahs are being fragmented and degraded, partly due to expansion of crop cultivation and monocultures that reduce tree density and may impact pollinators. The population dynamics of important indigenous trees could also be affected. We investigated the influence of habitat fragmentation on patterns of genetic diversity and gene dispersal of a key Sudanian agroforestry tree species, Parkia biglobosa.MethodsUsing 10 highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellites, we genotyped 2475 samples from reproductive trees, seedlings, and embryos in four tree populations presenting different levels of habitat fragmentation.ResultsParkia biglobosa presented similar high genetic diversity across the four populations studied. Genetic diversity and inbreeding were similar between adults and embryo cohorts. In all four populations, the selfing rate was less than 1%. The effective number of pollen donors per tree was high (NEP~ 18–22), as was the pollen immigration rate (from 34 to 74%). Pollen dispersal was characterized by a fat‐tailed distribution with mean estimates exceeding 200 m. In three populations, stem diameter had a pronounced effect on male reproductive success. Here, the highest male reproductive success was observed in trees with a diameter at breast height between 60 and 75 cm.ConclusionsAt the scale analyzed, fragmentation does not seem to pose limitations to gene flow in any of the sites investigated, regardless of the landscape configuration associated with the different tree stands. The study provides useful insights on the reproductive biology of an important tree species in the West African savannahs.
The Role of the Non‐neuronal Cholinergic System in Inflammation and Degradation Processes in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Courties Alice , Do Ariane , Leite Sarah , Legris Manon , Sudre Laure , Pigenet Audrey , Petit Juliette , Nourissat Geoffroy , Cambon‐Binder Adeline , Maskos Uwe , Berenbaum Francis , Sellam Jérémie 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe non‐neuronal cholinergic system represents non‐neuronal cells that have the biochemical machinery to synthetize de novo and/or respond to acetylcholine (ACh). We undertook this study to investigate this biochemical machinery in chondrocytes and its involvement in osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsExpression of the biochemical machinery for ACh metabolism and nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChR), particularly α7‐nAChR, in human OA and murine chondrocytes was determined by polymerase chain reaction and ligand‐binding. We investigated the messenger RNA expression of the human duplicate α7‐nACh subunit, called CHRFAM7A, which is responsible for truncated α7‐nAChR. We assessed the effect of nAChR on chondrocytes activated by interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and the involvement of α7‐nAChR using chondrocytes from wild‐type (WT) and α7‐deficient Chrna7−/− mice. The role of α7‐nAChR in OA was explored after medial meniscectomy in WT and Chrna7−/− mice.ResultsHuman and murine chondrocytes express the biochemical partners of the non‐neuronal cholinergic system and a functional α7‐nAChR at their cell surface (n = 5 experiments with 5 samples each). The expression of CHRFAM7A in human OA chondrocytes (n = 23 samples) correlated positively with matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP‐3) (r = 0.38, P < 0.05) and MMP‐13 (r = 0.48, P < 0.05) expression. Nicotine decreased the IL‐1β–induced IL‐6 and MMP expression, in a dose‐dependent manner, in WT chondrocytes but not in Chrna7−/− chondrocytes. Chrna7−/− mice that underwent meniscectomy (n = 7) displayed more severe OA cartilage damage (mean ± SD Osteoarthritis Research Society International [OARSI] score 4.46 ± 1.09) compared to WT mice that underwent meniscectomy (n = 9) (mean ± SD OARSI score 3.05 ± 0.9; P < 0.05).ConclusionThe non‐neuronal cholinergic system is functionally expressed in chondrocytes. Stimulation of nAChR induces antiinflammatory and anticatabolic activity through α7‐nAChR, but the anticatabolic activity may be mitigated by truncated α7‐nAChR in human chondrocytes. In vivo experiments strongly suggest that α7‐nAChR has a protective role in OA.
Suicidality in Children with Elevated Autistic Traits
Authors: Chen Ying‐Yeh , Chen Yi‐Lung , Gau Susan Shur‐Fen 
Published: July 2020

By using a nationally representative school‐based sample (4,816 children aged 8–14 years), we examined the risk of suicidality in children with elevated autistic traits and assessed the mediation of anxiety/depression and moderation effects of family function and academic performance. The Chinese version of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS‐C) was used to measure autistic features. Logistic regression models were applied to assess associations between autistic traits and suicidality (suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts) for estimating the mediation effects of anxiety/depression and moderation effects of academic performance and family function after adjustment for control variables. Every 10‐point increase in the SRS‐C score was associated with a 1.3–1.4‐fold increase in suicidality risk. Associations relating to suicide plans and attempts were fully mediated; however, the association with ideation was partially mediated by anxiety/depression. Academic performance and family function did not appear to moderate associations between autistic traits and suicidality. In conclusion, children with elevated autistic traits exhibited increased risk of suicidality, which could be generally attributed to symptoms of anxiety/depression. Because adequate family function and academic performance did not mitigate the link between elevated autistic traits and suicidality, in‐depth exploration into specific protective factors in children with elevated autistic traits is warranted.Lay SummaryBy using a nationally representative school‐based sample (4,816 children aged 8–14 years), we observed that the risk of suicidality increased in children with elevated autistic traits. This association was generally explained by increased levels of anxiety/depression. Furthermore, better family function and academic performance did not appear to mitigate the link between autistic traits and suicidality. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1811–1821. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Agnathia otocephaly: A case from the Katanga Copperbelt
Authors: Kayembe‐Kitenge Tony , Manyong'a Kadiamba Vicky , de Luca Chiara , Musa Obadia Paul , Kasamba Ilunga Eric , Mbuyi‐Musanzayi Sébastien , Nawrot Tim , Lubaba Nkulu Célestin Banza , Nemery Benoit , Devriendt Koenraad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAgnathia otocephaly is a rare craniofacial malformation complex characterised by absent/hypoplastic mandible, abnormally positioned ears meeting at level of neck. Besides mutations in two genes, PRRX1 and OTX2, a teratogenic cause has been suggested. A higher risk of congenital malformations has been associated with paternal work in mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's part of the Copperbelt.CaseWe studied a female neonate with a clinical diagnosis of agnathia otocephaly, stillborn in Lubumbashi in 2019. The child's father had been working as an artisanal mineworker at the time of conception.ResultsGenetic analysis did not reveal a causal mutation. The concentrations of cobalt, arsenic cadmium, and uranium in cord blood of the infant were much higher than those of normal neonates from a previous study.ConclusionIn the absence of identified genetic causes, we hypothesize this case of agnathia otocephaly was related to an exogenous cause, possibly the father's mining‐related job.
Lifespan Extension Via Dietary Restriction: Time to Reconsider the Evolutionary Mechanisms?
Authors: Moatt Joshua P. , Savola Eevi , Regan Jennifer C. , Nussey Daniel H. , Walling Craig A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDietary restriction (DR) is the most consistent environmental manipulation to extend lifespan. Originally thought to be caused by a reduction in caloric intake, recent evidence suggests that macronutrient intake underpins the effect of DR. The prevailing evolutionary explanations for the DR response are conceptualized under the caloric restriction paradigm, necessitating reconsideration of how or whether these evolutionary explanations fit this macronutrient perspective. In the authors’ opinion, none of the current evolutionary explanations of DR adequately explain the intricacies of observed results; instead a context‐dependent combination of these theories is suggested which is likely to reflect reality. In reviewing the field, it is proposed that the ability to track the destination of different macronutrients within the body will be key to establishing the relative roles of the competing theories. Understanding the evolution of the DR response and its ecological relevance is critical to understanding variation in DR responses and their relevance outside laboratory environments.
DNA aneuploidy with image cytometry for detecting dysplasia and carcinoma in oral potentially malignant disorders: A prospective diagnostic study
Authors: Li Chenxi , Wu Lan , Deng Yiwen , Shen Xuemin , Liu Wei , Shi Linjun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent evidence on diagnostic value of aneuploidy with DNA image cytometry (ICM) using brushings for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) is limited by sample size and inconsistent classification criteria of aneuploidy. This study aimed to explore the optimal cut‐off values of DNA content and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DNA‐ICM for detecting dysplasia and/or carcinoma in OPMD.Materials and MethodsA total of 401 consecutive patients with OPMD were enrolled in this prospective diagnostic study. Brushing and biopsy sample form each patient was processed by DNA‐ICM and histological examination respectively.ResultsWhen the optimal cut‐off of at least one aneuploid cell with DNA index (DI) ≥2.3, the area under the curves (AUC) was 0.735 and positive predictive value was 92.7% for detecting dysplasia within OPMD. When the optimal cut‐off of at least one aneuploid cell with DI ≥ 3.5, the AUC was 0.851 and negative predictive values was 96.8% for detecting carcinoma within OPMD. Importantly, multivariate analysis revealed that aneuploidy with DI ≥ 2.3 in OPMD was significantly associated with dysplasia risk (adjusted OR, 5.52; 95%CI, 2.90‐10.51; P < .001), and aneuploidy with DI ≥ 3.5 in OPMD was strongly associated with malignant risk (adjusted OR, 21.05; 95%CI, 9.34‐47.41; P < .001).ConclusionsThis largest‐scale diagnostic study optimized the criteria of aneuploidy cytology for noninvasive detection of oral dysplasia and carcinoma within OPMD. DNA aneuploidy in OPMD was an independent marker that strongly associated with oral dysplasia/carcinoma. Our findings suggest that DNA‐ICM may serve as a useful noninvasive adjunctive tool for oral cancer and OPMD screening.
Technical Challenges and Optimization of Biogas Plants
Authors: Afridi Zohaib Ur Rehman , Qammar Naseha Wafa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCountries with a large agricultural sector have enormous potential for energy production using biogas technology. This paper analyses the situation in Pakistan as a representative example. Although many biogas plants were installed, only very slow growth in the biogas sector can be observed. Since the last three decades the country is facing a severe energy shortfall. To overcome this challenge, energy from organic waste is one of the best possible solution. This study reviews the key technical challenges associated with the operation and sustainability of biogas plants. The problems in basic infrastructure such as leakages due to gas pressure, inadequate removal of digestate, no mechanism for scum avoidance, and steel corrosion were identified, and solutions were proposed. Moreover, organizational structures for renewable energy, critical flaws in plant design, operational challenges, and updated technology aspects to attain maximum and sustainable growth in biogas sector are discussed, which could help the countries in the region to enhance their biogas production.
LINC‐PINT suppresses tumour cell proliferation, migration and invasion through targeting miR‐374a‐5p in ovarian cancer
Authors: Hao Ting , Huang Shu , Han Fangzheng 
Published: July 2020

LncRNA LINC‐PINT acts as an important regulator in the development of many cancers. The current study aimed to explore the role of LINC‐PINT in the progression of ovarian cancer (OC). LINC‐PINT expression level in different FIGO stages of OC and its adjacent tissues, normal HOSE and OC cell lines (A2780, SKOV3, OVCAR3 and HO‐8910) was determined by qRT‐PCR. Survival analysis on LINC‐PINT and OC patients was conducted by Kaplan‐Meier. CCK‐8, flow cytometry, wound‐healing, Transwell assays and western blot were performed to detect the effects of LINC‐PINT on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and EMT process in OC cells. Target gene of LINC‐PINT was predicted by Starbase and verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. The expression of miR‐374a‐5p in normal and OC tissues, LINC‐PINT‐ or siLINC‐PINT‐modified OC cells was determined. Moreover, rescue assay was carried out to confirm whether LINC‐PINT contributes to the development of OC cells through targeting miR‐374a‐5p. Low expression of LINC‐PINT was observed in OC tissues and cells, noticeably, LINC‐PINT expression was even lower in OC tissues with higher FIGO stage. Increased LINC‐PINT expression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis and suppressed migration, invasion and EMT process, while silencing of LINC‐PINT caused the opposite results. Moreover, LINC‐PINT sponged miR‐374a‐5p and overexpressed miR‐374a‐5p attenuated the effect of up‐regulated LINC‐PINT on cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis. LINC‐PINT acts as a tumour suppressor, as it could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT process, and promote cell apoptosis through down‐regulating miR‐374a‐5p.Significance of the studyOvarian cancer (OC), which is a frequently diagnosed tumour in female reproductive organs, has a high incidence rate behind cervical cancer and endometrial cancer. LncRNA LINC‐PINT acts as an important regulator in the development of many cancers. The current study aimed to explore the role of LINC‐PINT in the progression of ovarian cancer (OC) and found that LINC‐PINT inhibited cell proliferation, migration invasion and EMT process of OC cell via regulating miR‐374a‐5p; it might be a potential target for OC treatment.
Erythrocyte hemighosts in a patient with tumor lysis syndrome: One train may hide another
Authors: Cabantous Pierre , Daliphard Sylvie , Bobée Victor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRasburicase was introduced to treat hyperuricemia secondary to tumor lysis syndrome. Because of severe hemolytic anemia, a blood smear was requested and showed hemighosts, revealing G6PD deficiency. Erythrocyte morphology is a key tool in laboratory hematology.
Impact of Contact Scaling and Drag Calculation on the Accuracy of Coarse‐Grained Discrete Element Method
Authors: Jurtz Nico , Kruggel-Emden Harald , Baran Oleh , Aglave Ravindra , Cocco Ray , Kraume Matthias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe accuracy of coarse‐grained discrete element method (CGDEM) relies on appropriate scaling rules for contact and fluid‐particle interaction forces. For fluidized bed applications, different scaling rules are used and compared with DEM results. The results indicated that in terms of averaged values as mean particle position and voidage profile, the coupling of computational fluid dynamics and CGDEM leads to accurate results for low scaling factors. Regarding the particle dynamics, the approach leads to an underestimation of RMS values of particle position indicating a loss of particle dynamics in the system due to coarse graining. The impact of cell cluster size on drag force calculation is studied. The use of energy minimization multiscale drag correction is investigated, and a reduced mesh dependency and good accuracy are observed.
Soft Scorpionate Hydridotris(2‐mercapto‐1‐methylimidazolyl) borate) Tungsten‐Oxido and ‐Sulfido Complexes as Acetylene Hydratase Models
Authors: Vidovič Carina , Belaj Ferdinand , Mösch‐Zanetti Nadia C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of WIV alkyne complexes with the sulfur‐rich ligand hydridotris(2‐mercapto‐1‐methylimidazolyl) borate) (TmMe) are presented as bio‐inspired models to elucidate the mechanism of the tungstoenzyme acetylene hydratase (AH). The mono‐ and/or bis‐alkyne precursors were reacted with NaTmMe and the resulting complexes [W(CO)(C2R2)(TmMe)Br] (R=H 1, Me 2) oxidized to the target [WE(C2R2)(TmMe)Br] (E=O, R=H 4, Me 5; E=S, R=H 6, Me 7) using pyridine‐N‐oxide and methylthiirane. Halide abstraction with TlOTf in MeCN gave the cationic complexes [WE(C2R2)(MeCN)(TmMe)](OTf) (E=CO, R=H 10, Me 11; E=O, R=H 12, Me 13; E=S, R=H 14, Me 15). Without MeCN, dinuclear complexes [W2O(μ‐O)(C2Me2)2(TmMe)2](OTf)2 (8) and [W2(μ‐S)2(C2Me2)(TmMe)2](OTf)2 (9) could be isolated showing distinct differences between the oxido and sulfido system with the latter exhibiting only one molecule of C2Me2. This provides evidence that a fine balance of the softness at W is important for acetylene coordination. Upon dissolving complex 8 in acetonitrile complex 13 is reconstituted in contrast to 9. All complexes exhibit the desired stability toward water and the observed effective coordination of the scorpionate ligand avoids decomposition to disulfide, an often‐occurring reaction in sulfur ligand chemistry. Hence, the data presented here point toward a mechanism with a direct coordination of acetylene in the active site and provide the basis for further model chemistry for acetylene hydratase.
Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Bromotryptophan Derivatives at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Dachwitz Steffen , Duwe Dario H. , Wang Yating Hong , Gruß Hendrik , Hannappel Yvonne , Hellweg Thomas , Sewald Norbert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMild reaction conditions are highly desirable for bio‐orthogonal side chain derivatizations of amino acids, peptides or proteins due to the sensitivity of these substrates. Transition metal catalysed cross‐couplings such as Suzuki–Miyaura reactions are highly versatile, but usually require unfavourable reaction conditions, in particular, when applied with aryl bromides. Ligand‐free solvent‐stabilised Pd‐nanoparticles represent an efficient and sustainable alternative to conventional phosphine‐based catalysts, because the cross‐coupling can be performed at considerably lower temperature. We report on the application of such a highly reactive heterogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of brominated tryptophan derivatives. The solvent‐stabilised Pd‐nanoparticles are even more efficient than the literature‐known ADHP‐Pd precatalyst. Interestingly, the latter also leads to the formation of quasi‐homogeneous Pd‐nanoparticles as the catalytic species. One advantage of our approach is the compatibility with aqueous and aerobic conditions at near‐ambient temperatures and short reaction times of only 2 h. The influence of different Nα‐protecting groups, boronic acids as well as the impact of different amino acid side chains in bromotryptophan‐containing peptides has been studied. Notably, a surprising acceleration of the catalysis was observed when palladium‐coordinating side chains were present in proximal positions.