bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PAEDIATRIC MEASLES PATIENTS AT MOJOWARNO CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL, JOMBANG, IN 2015-2016
Authors: Pradana Yuda 
Published: August 2020

Background: Measles is one of the main causes of child mortality. In 2016 there were 6,890 cases of measles with 4 patients died in Indonesia. There were 122 cases in Jombang, East Java in 2009.
Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics of measles in children patients at Mojowarno Christian Hospital, Jombang, East Java.
Methods: A cross sectional study using secondary data from medical records at Mojowarno Christian Hospital, Jombang, East Java, in 2015-2015. Demographic and clinical characteristics were described using tables.
Results: There are 22 cases of measles in children, 3 of them had not taken measles vaccination. Most cases occurred in between 0 to 5 years old (59.1%). The proportion of measles were equal between male and female. There is a higher proportion of patients with normal nutrition status (59.1%) compared to other with malnutrition (40.9%). The most common symptoms and signs are fever (95.5%), cough (23.7%), and coryza (22.3%). The leukocyte examination mostly shows normal results for leukocyte (63.6%) and lymphocyte (50%).
Conclusion: Most of the cases were presented with milder symptoms, signs and laboratory examination. There is a high prevalence of undernutrition among the subjects, which need further attention from local governments. In addition, there is a concerning high proportion of vaccinated children contracting the disease.
THE RISK FACTORS OF PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA AMONG FEMALE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN DUTA WACANA, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Benita Ernestine 
Published: August 2020

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain which occurs without any underlying pelvic organ diseases. There are several risk factors of dysmenorrhea, which are BMI, age at menarche, smoking habit, and family history. Female medical students are one population with a high risk of having dysmenorrhea with debilitating effect.
Objective: To test the association between several risk factors with primary dysmenorrhea in female medical students in Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana (UKDW).
Method: This is a cross-sectional study, gathering data from 207 female medical students enrolled in UKDW between September 2018 and January 2019. Further bivariate analyses were performed to test the association between dysmenorrhea prevalence and some risk factors using Chi-square test or Fischer exact test.
Results: Out of 207 participants, 158 (76.33%) are diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea. 31.88 % of the samples are categorised into the underweight, overweight and obese group. The prevalence ratio of underweight and overweight group compared to the normal group resembles U-shape relationship, but not statistically significant (PR = 1.095; p = -.486, and PR 1.055; p = 0.826, respectively). Younger age at menarche (PR = 1.251, p = 0.014) and family history if dysmenorrhea (PR = 1.317; p = 0.002) show a higher prevalence rate compared to normal age group and no family history of dysmenorrhea.
Conclusion: Younger age at menarche and family history of dysmenorrhea should be considered as important risk factors, although they are not modifiable. The relationship between body mass index and dysmenorrhea need further investigation with a prospective approach.
THE EFFECT OF A TRIPOD CANE ON THE FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY OF PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Sudiyono Nelson 
Published: August 2020

Background: Canes have been recommended as walking aids for knee osteoarthritis to reduce the loading on the affected knee. Patients are usually recommended to hold the cane in the contralateral hand to the affected knee. Nevertheless, some patients prefer to hold the cane ipsilateral to the affected knee. However, the effect of using ipsilateral or contralateral tripod cane on functional mobility in patients with knee osteoarthritis is still unknown
Objective: To compare the immediate effect of ipsilateral and contralateral tripod cane usage on functional mobility in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Method: This cross-sectional study involved 30 overweight or obese patients with symptomatic unilateral or bilateral knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren Lawrence grade 2 and 3) who never use a cane. Functional mobility was evaluated with Time Up and Go test in three conditions; without walking aid, with tripod cane contralateral and ipsilateral to the more painful knee.
Results: The TUG time of aid-free walking is 4.75 (p < 0.001, 95% CI 3.79 - 5.71) seconds faster than ipsilateral cane use and 6.69 (p < 0.001, 95%CI 5.35 - 8.03) seconds faster than contralateral cane use. The TUG time of ipsilateral cane use is 1,94 (95% CI, 1.13 - 2.79) seconds faster than contralateral.
Conclusion: Patients with symptomatic knee OA who use tripod cane ipsilateral to the more painful knee have higher functional mobility than the contralateral.
Potential Leads from Liquorice Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease using Molecular Docking Simulation Studies
Authors: Sinha Saurabh K. , Prasad Satyendra K. , Islam Md Ataul , Chaudhary Sushil K. , Singh Shashikant , Shakya Anshul 
Published: August 2020

Aim and Objective::At present, the world is facing a global pandemic threat of SARSCoV- 2 or COVID-19 and to date, there are no clinically approved vaccines or antiviral drugs available for the treatment of coronavirus infections. Studies conducted in China recommended the use of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza species), an integral medicinal herb of traditional Chinese medicine, in the deactivation of COVID-19. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to identify the leads from the liquorice plant against COVID-19 using molecular docking simulation studies.Materials and Methods::A set of reported bioactive compounds of liquorice were investigated for COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) inhibitory potential. The study was conducted on Autodock vina software using COVID-19 Mproas a target protein having PDB ID: 6LU7.Results:Out of the total 20 docked compounds, only six compounds showed the best affinity towards the protein target, which included glycyrrhizic acid, isoliquiritin apioside, glyasperin A, liquiritin, 1-methoxyphaseollidin and hedysarimcoumestan B. From the overall observation, glycyrrhizic acid followed by isoliquiritin apioside demonstrated the best affinity towards Mprorepresenting the binding energy of -8.6 and -7.9 Kcal/mol, respectively. Nevertheless, the other four compounds were also quite comparable with the later one.Conclusion::From the present investigation, we conclude that the compounds having oxane ring and chromenone ring substituted with hydroxyl 3-methylbut-2-enyl group could be the best alternative for the development of new leads from liquorice plant against COVID-19.
Recent Advances in Treatment of Childhood Obesity
Authors: Milano Walter , Ambrosio Paola , Carizzone Francesca , Di Munzio Walter , De Biasio Valeria , Capasso Anna 
Published: August 2020

:
Childhood obesity has assumed epidemic proportions and is currently one of the most widespread public
health problems. Many are the factors involved in the pathogenesis of excess weight with interactions between
genetic, environmental and biological factors and therefore, also the therapeutic approach must be multidisciplinary
and multidimensional. In this review of the literature, we report the contiguity of childhood obesity with eating
disorders and the importance of involving the family context in order to induce stable lifestyle changes, both in
relation to dietary and nutritional habits, but also in increasing physical activity. Finally, among the therapeutic
options, although for selected cases, pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery can be used as treatment strategies.
A Review: Effects of Macrolides on CYP450 Enzymes
Authors: Zhang Liyun , Xu Xiaoqing , Badawy Sara , Ihsan Awais , Liu Zhenli , Xie Changqing , Wang Xu , Tao Yanfei 
Published: August 2020

:
As a kind of haemoglobin, cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) participate in the metabolism of many
substances, including endogenous substances, exogenous substances and drugs. It is estimated that 60% of common
prescription drugs require bioconversion through CYP450. The influence of macrolides on CYP450 contributes to
the metabolism and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of macrolides. At present, most studies on the effects of macrolides
on CYP450 are focused on CYP3A, but a few exist on other enzymes and drug combinations, such as telithromycin,
which can decrease the activity of hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP3A2. This article summarizes some published
applications of the influence of macrolides on CYP450 and the DDIs of macrolides caused by CYP450. And the
article may subsequently guide the rational use of drugs in clinical trials. To a certain extent, poisoning caused by
adverse drug interactions can be avoided. Unreasonable use of macrolide antibiotics may enable the presence of
residue of macrolide antibiotics in animal-origin food. It is unhealthy for people to eat food with macrolide antibiotic
residues. So it is of great significance to guarantee food safety and protect the health of consumers by the rational use
of macrolides. This review gives a detailed description of the influence of macrolides on CYP450 and the DDIs of
macrolides caused by CYP450. Moreover, it offers a perspective for researchers to further explore in this area.
Analysis of the Primary and Post-Treatment Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori in the Nanjing Area
Authors: Jiang Zong-Dan , He Bang-Shun , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Wang Shu-Kui , Ran Dan , Wang Zhi-Bing 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Resistance of Helicobacter pylori（H. pylori） to antibiotics is increasing worldwide. In order to
understand the current situation of antibiotic resistance in Nanjing and provide a reasonable basis for clinical selection of antibiotics to cure H. Pylori.

Objective:
To investigate the current status of H. Pylori antibiotics resistance in Nanjing area, and analyze the primary and
post-treatment antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in this area.

Methods:
During the period from July 2017 to December 2019, 1533 gastric mucosal specimens from patients with positive
H. pylori confirmed by breath test or rapid urease test were collected for isolation and identify H. pylori. The agar dilution
method was used for antibiotic resistance test.

Results:
The result showed that the resistance rates of H. pylori to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, furazolidone,
tetracycline and metronidazole were 2.74%, 47.03%, 33.59%, 0.91%, 0.52% and 80.76%, respectively in the period of July
2017 to December 2019. The resistance rates of H. pylori (primary Vs post-treatment) to amoxicillin, clarithromycin,
levofloxacin, furazolidone, tetracycline and metronidazole were 1.83% Vs 6.08%, 38.62% Vs 77.81%, 27.41% Vs 56.23%,
0.58% Vs 2.13%, 0.33% Vs 1.22%, 78.57% Vs 88.75%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Antibiotic resistance of H. pylori remained a problem for the effective eradication of this pathogen and its associated diseases in Nanjing area. For post-treatment eradication patients, clinicians should took into account regional antibiotic resistance rate, personal antibiotic exposure history, economic benefit ratio, adverse antibiotic reactions, antibiotic
availability and other aspects．
Impaired Cognitive Function is Associated with Motor Function and Activities of Daily Living in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Dementia
Authors: Lee GyuChang 
Published: August 2020

Background:The deterioration of cognitive and motor functions and activities of daily living is common in Alzheimer's dementia.Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation and the strength of the relationship between cognitive function and motor function and activities of daily living after a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease dementia.Methods:Sixty-three patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease dementia in a community setting of South Korea were examined for cognitive and motor functions, and functional levels. The test or measures used for cognitive function were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). The 10-meter walking test (10MWT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) were used to examine motor function, while the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Katz Index (KI) were used to examining activities of daily living.Results:The MMSE had a positive correlation with that from the BBS (r=.338, p<.05), MBI (r=.363, p<.05), and KI (r=.276, p<.05). The GDS was negatively correlated with BBS (r=.319, p<.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that MMSE was a major explanatory variable for BBS (R2 =.115, β=.338, p<.05) MBI (R2 =.131, β=.363, p<.05), and KI (R2 =.076, β=.276, p<.05).Conclusion:The results of the present study show that cognitive function by MMSE is correlated with balance by BBS and activities of daily living by MBI and KI, and MMSE, which are tests or measures for cognitive function, can be explanatory variable to explain variations in the BBS, MBI, and KI in the persons with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s dementia. It may mean that a decrease in cognitive function was found to affect motor function and activities of daily living. Based on this study, appropriate intervention approaches including physical exercise, should be considered for caring for persons with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s dementia in a community setting.
Optimal Model-Free Approach Based on MDL and CHL for Active Brain Identification in fMRI Data Analysis
Authors: Jaber Hussain A. , Çankaya Ilyas , Aljobouri Hadeel K. , Koçak Orhan M. , Algin Oktay 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Cluster analysis is a robust tool for exploring the underlining structures in
data and grouping them with similar objects. In the researches of Functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (fMRI), clustering approaches attempt to classify voxels depending on their time-course
signals into a similar hemodynamic response over time.

Objective:
In this work, a novel unsupervised learning approach is proposed that relies on using Enhanced
Neural Gas (ENG) algorithm in fMRI data for comparison with Neural Gas (NG) method,
which has yet to be utilized for that aim. The ENG algorithm depends on the network structure of
the NG and concentrates on an efficacious prototype-based clustering approach.

Methods:
The comparison outcomes on real auditory fMRI data show that ENG outperforms the
NG and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) methods due to its insensitivity to the ordering of input
data sequence, various initializations for selecting a set of neurons, and the existence of extreme
values (outliers). The findings also prove its capability to discover the exact and real values
of a cluster number effectively.

Results:
Four validation indices are applied to evaluate the performance of the proposed ENG
method with fMRI and compare it with a clustering approach (NG algorithm) and model-based data
analysis (SPM). These validation indices include the Jaccard Coefficient (JC), Receiver Operating
Characteristic (ROC), Minimum Description Length (MDL) value, and Minimum Square Error
(MSE).

Conclusion:
The ENG technique can tackle all shortcomings of NG application with fMRI data,
identify the active area of the human brain effectively, and determine the locations of the cluster
center based on the MDL value during the process of network learning.
Phyto-fabrication of Iron Nanoparticles: Characterization and Antibacterial Capacity
Authors: Mohammed Afrah E. , Algebaly Asma S. , Elobeid Mudawi M. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
Fabrication of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) has recently gained a great concern for their varied
applications in remediation technologies of the environment.

Objective:
The current study aimed to develop a green technology approach to fabricate FeNPs by
using extracts from two different plant sources, Azadirachta indica leaf and Calligonum comosum
root.

Methods:
A mixture of FeCl2 and FeCl3 was used to react with the plant extracts which are considered
as reducing and stabilizing agents for the generation of FeNPs in one step. Spectroscopy and
microscopy techniques were used for the characterization of the FeNPs.

Results:
Immediately after mixing the iron solution and the plant extracts, the color of the solution
changed to dark brown indicating conversion of Fe ions to FeNPs. This fabrication of FeNPs was
confirmed by Zetasizer, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. FeNPs
fabricated by C. comosum were smaller than those fabricated by A. indica. For both plant sources,
FeNPs fabricated using the aqueous extract were smaller than those fabricated with the ethanolic
extract. Furthermore, antibacterial ability against two bacterial species was demonstrated.

Conclusion:
The current results indicated that, at room temperature plant extracts fabricated Fe ion to Fe nanoparticles,
suggesting its probable usage for large scale production as well as its suitability against bacteria. It could also be
recommended for antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Facile Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB)-assisted Synthesis of Calcium Bismuthate Nanoflakes with Solar Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Wang Zi , Chen Hongjun , Qiu Fanglv , Xue Zeyang , Yu Chunhu , Wang Pengxiang , Cong Qianmin , Pei Lizhai , Fan Chuangang , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Wastewater with dyes pollutes the environment and causes serious risk to
human health and aquatic biota. Gentian violet (GV) belongs to typical triphenylmethane dyes and is
difficult to be degraded. Calcium bismuthate nanoflakes possess good photocatalytic activity toward
GV under solar light irradiation.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to prepare calcium bismuthate nanoflakes by the hydrothermal
method and research on the solar light photocatalytic performance of the calcium bismuthate
nanoflakes for GV degradation.

Methods:
The calcium bismuthate nanoflakes possess single crystalline monoclinic CaBi2O4 phase.
The size of the whole nanoflakes is about 10 μm and the thickness of the nanoflakes is about 40 nm.
The morphology, size and phase of the products are closely relative to CTAB concentration, reaction
temperature and reaction time. The bandgap of the calcium bismuthate nanoflakes is 2.21 eV. The
photocatalytic activity of the calcium bismuthate nanoflakes is high enough to completely degrade
GV under solar light irradiation for 6 h.

Results:
The calcium bismuthate nanoflakes possess single crystalline mono clinic CaBi2O4 phase. The size of the whole nanoflakes is about 10 μm and thickness of the nanoflakes is about 40 nm. The morphology, size and phase of the products are closely relative to CTAB concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time. The band gap of the calcium bismuthate nanoflakes is 2.21 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the calcium bismuthate nanoflakes is high enough to completely degrade GV under solar light irradiation for 6 h.

Conclusion:
The photocatalytic performance for the removal of GV is dependent on the irradiation
time, dosage of the calcium bismuthate nanoflakes and initial GV concentration. The calcium bismuthate
nanoflakes exhibit great promising activity for the removal of organic pollutants.
Effects of Teriparatide versus Salmon Calcitonin Therapy for the Treatment of Osteoporosis in Asia: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Changjun , Alqwbani Mohammed , Zhao Jie , Yang Ruitong , Wang Songgang , Pan Xin 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of
teriparatide versus salmon calcitonin for the treatment of osteoporosis in Asian patients and to investigate
whether the results of global studies could be applicable to Asian patients.

Methods:
PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and EMBASE
up to December 2018 were searched. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared teriparatide
versus salmon calcitonin in Asian osteoporosis population were included. Preferred Reporting
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for data synthesis,
and Cochrane Collaboration software Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze the pooled data.

Results:
Three RCTs involving 529 patients were included (mean age 68.7 yr; 93.4% females; mean
follow-up 6 months); outcome measures included bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck,
total hip and lumbar spine; bone markers and adverse events. We found that the period of 6-months of
teriparatide treatment was helpful for the improvement of the BMD of lumbar vertebra, however, the
improvement of BMD was not significant in the femoral neck and total hip joint. There was a positive
correlation between bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and osteocalcin (OCN) and the response
of Asian patients to subcutaneous injection of 20 micrograms per day of teriparatide. The proportion
of the occurrence of adverse effects was more obvious in the teriparatide group compared with
salmon calcitonin, but there was no significant difference.

Conclusion:
Results suggested that the use of teriparatide could improve the lumbar BMD by shortterm
(six months) application in Asian osteoporosis patients, which is beneficial to the patients who
cannot tolerate adverse events of long-term treatment. The BSAP and OCN bone markers could be
useful to monitor the responses of Asian osteoporosis patients to teriparatide treatment. Finally, both of
teriparatide and salmon calcitonin were well tolerated by Asian patients.
Role of MIF-173G/C and Mbl2 Codon 54A/B Variants in the Risk of Multiple Myeloma: An Association Study
Authors: Pehlivan Mustafa , Nursal Ayşe F. , Gündeş İlknur , Oyacı Yasemin , Kıvanç Demet , Pehlivan Sacide 
Published: August 2020

Background:Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease manifested by the clonal proliferation of atypical plasma cells. Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) is one of the pleiotropic regulators in various biological and cellular processes. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a crucial protein involved in the lectin pathway of the immune system.Objective:We aimed to assess whether variants of MIF and MBL2 genes are associated with MM among a Turkish population.Methods:We analyzed the MIF-173G/C (rs755622) and MBL2 codon 54A/B (rs1800450) variants in 200 patients with MM and 200 healthy control subjects using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction endonuclease digestion. There was also an evaluation of the patients undergoing autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) for these variants.Results:AA and BB genotypes of MBL2 codon 54A/B increased in the patients as compared to the controls (p=0.008, p=0.001, respectively). The subjects carrying AA and BB genotypes of MBL2 were at high risk of development of susceptibility to MM by 7.377 and 8.812 times, respectively. The distribution of MBL2 codon 54A/B alleles was similar between the groups (p>0 .05). There was no statistical difference between the patients and controls in the genotype and allele frequencies of the MIF- 173G/C variant (p>0 .05). The patients undergoing ASCT, MBL2 codon 54A/B AA and BB genotypes also showed association with increased risk for MM (p=0.004, p=0.001, respectively).Conclusion:As far as we know, this is the first report of the study on an association between these variants and MM in our population. Our results indicate that the MBL2 codon 54A/B variant may be associated with susceptibility to MM.