bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition management for critically and acutely unwell hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Chapple Lee‐anne S. , Fetterplace Kate , Asrani Varsha , Burrell Aidan , Cheng Allen C. , Collins Peter , Doola Ra'eesa , Ferrie Suzie , Marshall Andrea P. , Ridley Emma J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) results from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The clinical features and subsequent medical treatment, combined with the impact of a global pandemic, require specific nutritional therapy in hospitalised adults. This document aims to provide Australian and New Zealand clinicians with guidance on managing critically and acutely unwell adult patients hospitalised with COVID‐19. These recommendations were developed using expert consensus, incorporating the documented clinical signs and metabolic processes associated with COVID‐19, the literature from other respiratory illnesses, in particular acute respiratory distress syndrome, and published guidelines for medical management of COVID‐19 and general nutrition and intensive care. Patients hospitalised with COVID‐19 are likely to have preexisting comorbidities, and the ensuing inflammatory response may result in increased metabolic demands, protein catabolism, and poor glycaemic control. Common medical interventions, including deep sedation, early mechanical ventilation, fluid restriction, and management in the prone position, may exacerbate gastrointestinal dysfunction and affect nutritional intake. Nutrition care should be tailored to pandemic capacity, with early gastric feeding commenced using an algorithm to provide nutrition for the first 5–7 days in lower‐nutritional‐risk patients and individualised care for high‐nutritional‐risk patients where capacity allows. Indirect calorimetry should be avoided owing to potential aerosol exposure and therefore infection risk to healthcare providers. Use of a volume‐controlled, higher‐protein enteral formula and gastric residual volume monitoring should be initiated. Careful monitoring, particularly after intensive care unit stay, is required to ensure appropriate nutrition delivery to prevent muscle deconditioning and aid recovery. The infectious nature of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the expected high volume of patient admissions will require contingency planning to optimise staffing resources including upskilling, ensure adequate nutrition supplies, facilitate remote consultations, and optimise food service management. These guidelines provide recommendations on how to manage the aforementioned aspects when providing nutrition support to patients during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.
Efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation by washed preparation in patients with moderate to severely active ulcerative colitis
Authors: Chen Min , Liu Xiao Lei , Zhang Yu Jie , Nie Yong Zhan , Wu Kai Chun , Shi Yong Quan 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the short‐term efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) by washed preparation for moderate to severely active UC.MethodsAn open‐label prospective trial was conducted in an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) tertiary referral center from April 2016 to March 2018. Patients with moderate to severely active UC were randomly assigned to undergo FMT thrice on day 1, 3 and 5 by nasojejunal tube (NJT) or transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET). The primary end‐point was a clinical response at week 2 post‐FMT. The secondary end‐points were clinical and endoscopic remission at week 12 post‐FMT, safety and disease progression.ResultsOf the nine patients included, 77.8% (7/9) achieved a clinical response at week 2. And 55.6% (5/9) and 33.3% (3/9), respectively, achieved clinical remission and endoscopic remission at week 12. In two patients who had no response to FMT, one switched to anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α therapy, and the other underwent a colectomy. FMT was delivered through NJT in 44.4% (4/9) of the patients, while TET was used in 55.6% (5/9). The clinical outcomes did not differ significantly based on the delivery route (P > 0.05). Adverse events, all mild and self‐limiting, were observed in 33.3% (3/9) of the patients.ConclusionsFMT by washed preparation appears to be a safe and effective adjunct therapy for moderate to severely active UC during a short‐term follow‐up. The efficacy did not differ significantly between the NJT or TET delivery routes. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) E6 but not E7 inhibits the antitumor activity of LKB1 in lung cancer cells by downregulating the expression of KIF7
Authors: Hu Yue , Wu Ming‐Zhe , Gu Na‐Jin , Xu Hong‐Tao , Li Qing‐Chang , Wu Guang‐Ping 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe E6 and E7 proteins in human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) are the main oncogenes in the occurrence of lung cancer. In recent studies, we found that E6 and E7 downregulated the expression of LKB1 in lung cancer cells. However, it is still unclear how E6 and E7 regulate LKB1 in lung cancer cells.MethodsDouble directional genetic manipulation and nuclear plasma separation technology were performed to explore the molecular mechanism of E6 and E7 inhibiting the antitumor activity of LKB1 in well‐established lung cancer cell lines.ResultsE6 but not E7 significantly downregulated the expression of tumor suppressor KIF7 at protein level, and the inhibition of KIF7 further reduced the expression of LKB1 both in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm, whereas reduced the expression of p‐LKB1 in the cytoplasm only. This suggested that HPV 16 E6 but not E7 downregulates the antitumor activity of LKB1 by downregulating the expression of p‐LKB1 in the cytoplasm only.ConclusionsHere, we demonstrated for the first time that E6 but not E7 inhibits the antitumor activity of LKB1 in lung cancer cells by downregulating the expression of KIF7. Our findings provide new evidence to support the important role of KIF7 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and suggests new therapeutic targets.
Primary tumor resection of non‐small cell lung cancer patients with ipsilateral pleural dissemination (M1a) in the era of targeted therapy
Authors: Li Hao , Liu Taorui , Sun Zewen , Yang Fan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with ipsilateral pleural dissemination (M1a) are generally contraindicated for surgery. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that these patients might benefit from primary tumor resection (PTR). However, whether PTR is beneficial for driver oncogene‐positive patients treated with targeted therapy, remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of PTR on survival in the era of targeted therapy.MethodsIn total, 105 NSCLC patients with ipsilateral pleural dissemination were identified. The mode of systemic treatment was assessed in this study. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. The overall survival (OS) of patients with or without PTR was compared between propensity score‐matched groups (caliper: 0.02).ResultsIn the entire cohort, PTR was associated with improved OS in both unmatched (median survival time [MST]: 50.0 vs. 29.6 months, P = 0.019) and matched (MST: 50.0 vs. 34.4 months, P = 0.052) cohorts. Multivariate regression models showed that surgery was an independent favorable prognostic factor for OS. A total of 70 patients underwent genetic testing, and targeted therapies, such as EGFR‐TKIs or ALK‐TKIs, were used in the driver oncogene‐positive patients. Subgroup analysis showed that PTR did not improve OS in the targeted therapy group (MST: 57.1 months vs. 50.4 months, P = 0.840). However, surgery significantly prolonged survival in the nontargeted therapy group (MST: 39.8 vs. 14.2 months, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicated that PTR could prolong OS in stage IV NSCLC patients with ipsilateral pleural dissemination, especially in patients who are not candidates for targeted therapy.Key points
Non‐small cell lung cancer patients with ipsilateral pleural dissemination can benefit from primary tumor resection.
Primary tumor resection could prolong overall survival (OS) in non‐small cell lung cancer patients with ipsilateral pleural dissemination who are not candidates for targeted therapy.
Morphological and morphometrical aspects of the auditory ossicles in goat (Capra hircus)
Authors: Martonos Cristian Olimpiu , Gudea Alexandru , Damian Aurel , Lăcătuș Radu , Purdoiu Robert , Cocan Daniel , Stan Florin Gheorghe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present paper deals with a detailed description of the auditory ossicles in Capra hircus. The paper focuses on the morphological and morphometrical description of the ossicular assembly, formed by malleus, incus and stapes. The malleus (overall length, as average‐ 8.16 mm) comprises the head of malleus (Caput mallei), a slightly strictured part—neck (Collum mallei) with 3 distinctive processes (lateral, rostral and muscular) (Processus lateralis, Processus rostralis and Processus muscularis) and a handle (Manubrium mallei). The head of malleus has an oval aspect with an obtuse articular surface on its medial surface (Facies articularis). The neck is evident with three bony processes described—the anterior, almost triangular, the muscular one quite reduced and the lateral one which is the most developed one. The manubrium is the longest sector—4.4 mm and appears as a slightly curved piece. The incus presents a body of 1.3 mm and two processes—the short and long crus (Crus breve and Crus longum). The overall shape of the ossicle resembles a biradicular molar. The lenticular process is a continuation of the distal part of the long crus. The stapes—the smallest in size of the three ossicles (2.7 mm), has a head (Caput stapedis), an anterior (Crus rostrale) and a caudal (Crus caudale) arm and a footplate (Basis stapedis). The two processes are slightly different in size and morphology, delimiting the intercrural space that shows the presence of a bony spicule. The footplate (1.6 mm2 area) is ellipsoidal, with an anterior narrower extremity.
Comparison of cytokines in the peritoneal fluid and conditioned medium of adolescents and adults with and without endometriosis
Authors: Bailey Amelia P. , Hill Abby S. , Beste Michael T. , Cook Christi D. , Sarda Vishnudas , Laufer Marc R. , Isaacson Keith B. , Griffith Linda G. , Missmer Stacey A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProblemTo compare inflammatory‐ and immune‐associated peritoneal cytokines of adolescents and adults with and without endometriosis.Methods of studyIn a nested case‐control study in multiple university‐affiliated scientific centers, ten adolescents and thirteen adults with visually and histologically confirmed endometriosis (cases), thirteen adolescents with visually suspected endometriosis but indeterminate (seven patients) or negative (six patients) histology, and fifteen adults undergoing surgery for non‐malignant gynecologic disease without endometriosis (controls) underwent laparoscopic aspiration of peritoneal fluid (PF), from which PF and conditioned medium (CM) cytokine levels were assayed.ResultsCompared to adults with endometriosis, MCP‐3, IL‐12p40, MIP‐1β, and IL‐15 were significantly higher among adolescents with endometriosis, while TNF‐β and CTACK were lower among adolescents. These differences were similar comparing adolescents with endometriosis to adult controls except for MIP‐1β, which was not statistically different. MIP‐1β was, however, the only cytokine observed to differ between adult cases and controls. There were no significant differences in CM cytokines among the three groups. Results were similar when analyses were restricted to samples collected (a) during menstrual cycle days 1‐10, (b) from patients unexposed to exogenous hormones, or (c) from all adolescents despite presence or absence of histologic endometriosis.ConclusionBiologically relevant and statistically significant differences in six PF cytokines were observed and suggest a more pro‐invasion cytokine profile among adolescents with endometriosis. Adolescents with endometriosis have unique peritoneal cytokine profiles and molecular behavior when compared to adults with and without endometriosis.
A prospective observational study of the rapid detection of clinically‐relevant plasma direct oral anticoagulant levels following acute traumatic injury
Authors: Oberladstätter D. , Voelckel W. , Schlimp C. , Zipperle J. , Ziegler B. , Grottke O. , Schöchl H. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn urgent clinical situations, such as trauma, urgent surgery or before thrombolysis, rapid quantification of direct oral anticoagulant plasma drug levels is warranted. Using the ClotPro® analyser, we assessed two novel viscoelastic tests for detection of clinically‐relevant plasma drug levels in trauma patients. The ecarin clotting time was used to assess the plasma concentration of dabigatran and Russell´s viper venom clotting time to determine the plasma concentration of direct factor Xa inhibitors. In parallel, plasma concentrations were analysed using plasma‐based chromogenic assays. A total of 203 simultaneous measurements were performed. Strong to very strong linear correlations were detected between ecarin clotting time and plasma concentration of dabigatran (r = 0.9693), and between Russell´s viper venom clotting time and plasma concentrations of apixaban (r = 0.7391), edoxaban (r = 0.9251) and rivaroxaban (r = 0.8792), all p < 0.001. An ecarin clotting time ≥ 189 seconds provided 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity for detecting plasma dabigatran concentrations ≥ 50 ng.ml‐1. Corresponding Russell´s viper venom clotting time cut‐off values were ≥ 136 seconds for apixaban (80% sensitivity, 88% specificity), ≥ 168 seconds for edoxaban (100% sensitivity, 100% specificity) and ≥ 177 seconds for rivaroxaban (90% sensitivity, 100% specificity). Detection of drug levels ≥ 100 ng.ml‐1 was also investigated: for dabigatran, an ecarin clotting time ≥ 315 seconds yielded 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity; while Russell´s viper venom clotting time cut‐offs of 191, 188 and 196 seconds were calculated for apixaban (67% sensitivity, 88% specificity), edoxaban (100% sensitivity, 75% specificity) and rivaroxaban (100% sensitivity, 91% specificity), respectively. We have demonstrated strong positive correlations between plasma drug levels and clotting time values in the specific ClotPro assays. Cut‐off values for detecting clinically‐relevant drug levels showed high levels of sensitivity and specificity.
Rates and risk factors of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in 2008‐2016 compared with 1986‐1998
Authors: Hamrin Johan , Bennet Rutger , Berner Jonas , Rotzén‐Östlund Maria , Eriksson Margareta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimSince the introduction in 1979 of rapid testing using immunofluorescence, we have collected information about children hospitalised for confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the northern Stockholm area. We here report hospitalisation rates, risk factors and complications in 2008‐2016 compared with 1986‐1998.MethodsMicrobiological laboratory reports and retrospective chart review. Comparison of the two periods was complicated by changing testing routines, with a more sensitive method and increased testing of older children in the late period.ResultsIn infants, there was an 12.3% increase in the population‐based rate of hospital admission for RSV infection from 12.2 to 13.7/1000. Including all children <5 years, there was a 48% increase from 2.7 to 4.0/1000. The median length of stay remained unchanged at 3 days. The need of intensive care decreased in healthy infants but remained high in older children with comorbidity.ConclusionConsidering the changed diagnosis routines, we believe that the rate of hospital admission of infants for RSV infection was unchanged throughout the observed years. The increased rates of older children with confirmed RSV likely resulted from increased testing of children with risk factors for a complicated course.
Social Media Use and Mental Health during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Moderator Role of Disaster Stressor and Mediator Role of Negative Affect
Authors: Zhao Nan , Zhou Guangyu 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundInformed by the differential susceptibility to media effects model (DSMM), the current study aims to investigate associations of COVID‐19‐related social media use with mental health outcomes and to uncover potential mechanisms underlying the links.MethodsA sample of 512 (62.5% women; Mage = 22.12 years, SD = 2.47) Chinese college students participated in this study from 24 March to 1 April 2020 via online questionnaire. They completed measures of social media use, the COVID‐19 stressor, negative affect, secondary traumatic stress (STS), depression, and anxiety as well as covariates.ResultsAs expected, results from regression analyses indicated that a higher level of social media use was associated with worse mental health. More exposure to disaster news via social media was associated with greater depression for participants with high (but not low) levels of the disaster stressor. Moreover, path analysis showed negative affect mediated the relationship of social media use and mental health.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the disaster stressor may be a risk factor that amplifies the deleterious impact of social media use on depression. In addition, excessive exposure to disaster on social media may trigger negative affect, which may in turn contribute to mental health problems. Future interventions to improve mental health should consider elements of both disaster stressor and negative affect.
Cardiomyocytes' prolonged IL‐2 incubation induces enhancement in L‐type Ca2+ channels mediated by inhibitory‐kappaB kinase/nuclear factor‐kappaB signalling
Authors: Mitrokhin Vadim , Gorbacheva Lyubov , Vachrushev Nikita , Hadzi‐Petrushev Nikola , Kamkin Andre , Mladenov Mitko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to determine the primary intracellular signalling pathway affected by prolonged (2 hours) incubation in interleukin‐2 (IL‐2). Based on the inflammatory nature of IL‐2, priority was given to the involvement of inhibitory‐kappaB kinase/nuclear factor‐kappaB (IKK/NF‐κB) signalling. All of the experiments were performed on freshly prepared cardiomyocytes isolated from rat left ventricles. After isolation, the whole‐cell voltage‐clamp recordings were performed on single cells. After 2 hours of incubation in IL‐2, the current at 0 mV was approximately 100% higher than at the start of the incubation. ACHP, a highly specific kinase β inhibitor, in a concentration of 10 nmol/L, caused significant reduction in the ICa,L. IL‐2 (2 ng/mL) in the presence of 0.1 μmol/L IMD‐0354 as a specific inhibitor of IKKβ, caused nearly no changes in the ICa,L. IL‐2 (3 ng/mL) induced a significant increase in phosphorylated NF‐κB p65. The cardiomyocytes incubated in a Kraftbrühe solution containing IL‐2 plus PDTC as a specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) for 2 hours had a similar ICa,L increase compared to the cells incubated only in IL‐2. IL‐2‐induced enhancement in L‐type Ca2+ channels was mediated by IKK/NF‐κB signalling, but not via iNOS‐mRNA signalling.
Circulating tumor cells with FGFR2 expression might be useful to identify patients with existing FGFR2‐overexpressing tumor
Authors: Kuroda Kenji , Yashiro Masakazu , Miki Yuichiro , Sera Tomohiro , Yamamoto Yurie , Sugimoto Atsushi , Nishimura Sadaaki , Kushiyama Shuhei , Togano Shingo , Okuno Tomohisa , Ohira Masaichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is associated with proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of carcinomas, and FGFR signaling inhibitors are considered a key drug for the treatment of solid tumors with FGFR overexpression. Amplification of FGFR2 is reportedly identified in 3%‐10% of gastric cancers (GCs). The aim of this study is to clarify whether the identification of the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with FGFR2 overexpression is useful to detect patients with FGFR2‐overexpressing GC. One hundred GC patients who underwent gastrectomy were enrolled. A total volume of 8 mL of peripheral blood was collected from each patient just before gastrectomy, and mononuclear cells were enriched by Ficol density gradient centrifugation. These cells were immunostained with PI/CD45/EpCAM/FGFR2. The number of CTCs with FGFR2 expression in each sample was enumerated by FACScan. The FGFR2 expression level of the resected primary tumor was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The number of FGFR2‐positive CTCs in the GC patients' peripheral blood was significantly correlated with the FGFR2 expression level of the primary GC. The relapse‐free survival of the patients with FGFR2‐positive CTCs (≥5 cells/10 mL blood) was significantly poorer (P = .018, log‐rank) than that of the patients without FGFR2‐positive CTCs (<5 cell/10 mL blood). These findings suggested that the determination of FGFR2‐positive CTCs might help identify an existing tumor with FGFR2 overexpression.
4‐Sulfonyloxy/alkoxy benzoxazolone derivatives with high anti‐inflammatory activities: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and mechanims of action via p38/ERK‐NF‐κB/iNOS pathway
Authors: Tang Li , Luo Jie‐ran , Wang Xiao‐yan , Zhao Bei , Ge Rui , Liang Tai‐gang , Ban Shu‐rong , Li Qing‐shan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn an effort to discover new agents with high anti‐inflammatory activity, 22 new 4‐sulfonyloxy/alkoxy benzoxazolone derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory activities against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production and TNF‐α expression in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Most of these compounds displayed greater inhibitory ability against NO production than the lead compound 4‐o‐methyl‐benzenesulfonyl benzoxazolone, and the most active compound 2h exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against NO, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 production with IC50 values 17.67, 20.07, and 8.61 μΜ, respectively. The effects of 2h were comparable or stronger than those of the positive control celecoxib. Compound 2h also displayed higher activity in vivo than celecoxib in a mouse model of xylene‐induced ear edema, based on their inhibitory rates of 42.69% and 30.87%, respectively. Further molecular analysis revealed that compound 2h significantly reduced the iNOS levels in cell supernatant and suppressed the protein expression of iNOS, p‐p38, p‐ERK, and nuclear NF‐κB. The results indicated that the anti‐inflammatory effect of 2h might be realized through the regulation of ERK‐ and p38‐mediated mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)‐NF‐κB/iNOS signaling, thereby reducing the excessive release of NO, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. Our findings demonstrated that compound 2h, a new benzoxazolone derivative, could inhibit activation of the MAPK‐NF‐κB/iNOS pathway, supporting its potential as a novel anti‐inflammatory agent.