bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signaling alterations in oral keratinocytes in response to shisha and crude tobacco extract
Authors: Babu Niraj , Patil Shankargouda , Mohan Sonali V. , Subbannayya Tejaswini , Advani Jayshree , Datta Keshava K. , Rajagopalan Pavithra , Bhat Firdous Ahmad , Sidransky David , Gowda Harsha , Chatterjee Aditi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTobacco consumption in smoking and non‐smoking forms has been consequential in the rise of oral cancer cases. Among different forms, epidemiological studies from Middle Eastern countries and rural parts of northern India have reported increasing association of oral cancer with waterpipe (hookah) smoking. However, molecular mechanisms and role played by waterpipe smoking in the onset of oral carcinogenesis remains unexplored.MethodsIn this study, immortalized normal human oral keratinocytes were chronically treated with extracts of two varieties of waterpipe tobacco—crude tobacco and processed shisha. Phenotypic changes and molecular aberrations were examined using cell culture‐based assays and mass spectrometry‐based quantitative proteomic analysis, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis was utilized to analyze proteomics data and identify dysregulated pathways.ResultsOur data indicate that chronic treatment with waterpipe tobacco extracts increased proliferation, invasion, migration, and significant dysregulation of protein expression in oral keratinocytes. Altered expression of proteins involved in interferon signaling pathway were observed with both varieties of tobacco. Overexpression of cholesterol metabolism and vesicle‐mediated transport proteins were identified exclusively in cells treated with crude tobacco extract. Bioinformatics analyses revealed different oncogenic response in oral cells based on the type of waterpipe tobacco used.ConclusionsThis study may serve as a useful resource in understanding the early onset of oral cancer attributed to waterpipe smoking.
SELF‐MAKING IN EXILE: MORAL EMPLACEMENT BY SYRIAN REFUGEE WOMEN IN JORDAN
Authors: Tobin Sarah A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article brings an anthropology of ethics to bear on a case of forced migration and displacement among Syrian refugee women in Jordan. The case reveals how projects of Islamic self‐making in displacement become “emplacement” processes within the new state‐mediated context. Syrian women in Jordan engage in Islamic self‐making as part of their wider emplacement practices in two primary ways: first, operating more publicly in the material world through Islamically‐inspired actions and rituals than in Syria. Second, utilizing narratives of Islamic histories to establish dignity in conditions of precarity in exile. Using two focus groups in urban Jordan and participant observation in two religion classes in a Syrian refugee camp, this article focuses on these practices of Islamic self‐making that serve an important role in the projects of moral emplacement for Syrian women in the Jordanian context.
MORAL COMMODITIES AND THE PRACTICE OF FREEDOM
Authors: Williams Sara A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis essay explores an increasingly popular genre of organized group travel in white mainline and emerging evangelical US Christianity I call “journeys to the margins”: trips centered on learning from marginalized persons for the traveler’s ethical formation. Drawing on ethnographic research with one case study, “Come and See Tours” to Israel/Palestine, I interrogate how the commodified form of these trips shape possibilities for ethical subjectivation. First, I demonstrate ways in which journeys to the margins market ethical transformation to American Christian consumers in the form of packaged moral narratives. Second, I focus on the paradoxical nature of journeys to the margins as simultaneously packaged commodities and ethical encounters. Finally, I use reformulations of freedom emerging from the anthropology of ethics to argue that possibilities for ethical subjectivation occur in moments when tour ideals come into tension with lived realities.
A population‐based cross‐sectional study of the association between periodontitis and arterial stiffness among the older Japanese population
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Kimura Yumi , Yamaga Takayuki , Yamamoto Naomune , Ishikawa Motonao , Wada Taizo , Sakamoto Ryota , Ishimoto Yasuko , Fujisawa Michiko , Okumiya Kiyohito , Otsuka Kuniaki , Matsubayashi Kozo , Ogawa Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the potential association between periodontitis and arterial stiffness among the older Japanese population.BackgroundThe prevalence of periodontitis is increasing in Japanese older adults. Arterial stiffness increases the risks of cardiovascular events and death, morbidity, and dementia.MethodsThis secondary analysis of data from a cross‐sectional study evaluated the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), reflecting the amount of inflamed periodontal tissue that was estimated by a full‐mouth periodontal examination. Severe periodontitis was defined per the parameters provided by the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology. The Cardio‐Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) was used for measuring the overall stiffness of the artery, and higher CAVI indicated increased arterial stiffness. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between periodontitis and arterial stiffness.ResultsThe analysis included 185 Japanese adults [35% men; age, mean (standard deviation) 80.2 (4.4) years]. The average PISA and the prevalence of severe periodontitis were 64.4 mm2 and 27.6%, respectively; 54 (29.2%), 56 (30.3%), and 75 (40.5%) participants were stratified to the CAVI < 9, 9 ≤ CAVI <10, and CAVI ≥ 10 groups, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratio of the prevalence and severity of arterial stiffness evaluated using CAVI was 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.10] for PISA per 10 mm2 and 2.12 (95% CI 1.09 to 4.11) for severe periodontitis.ConclusionPeriodontitis was associated with arterial stiffness among Japanese older adults. Further studies are needed to investigate whether arterial stiffness is an intermediate factor in the pathway between periodontitis and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and dementia.
Assessing the sensitivity of divergence time estimates to locus sampling, calibration points, and model priors in a RAD‐seq phylogeny ofCarexsectionSchoenoxiphium
Authors: Villaverde Tamara , Maguilla Enrique , Luceño Modesto , Hipp Andrew L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRestriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) and related methods have become relatively common approaches to resolve species‐level phylogeny. It is not clear, however, whether RAD‐seq data matrices are well suited to relaxed clock inference of divergence times, given the size of the matrices and the abundance of missing data. We investigated the sensitivity of Bayesian relaxed clock estimates of divergence times to alternative analytical decisions on an empirical RAD‐seq phylogenetic matrix. We explored the relative contribution of secondary calibration strategies, amount of missing data, and the data partition analyzed to overall variance in divergence times inferred using BEAST MCMC analyses ofCarexsectionSchoenoxiphium(Cyperaceae)—a recent radiation for which we have nearly complete species sampling of RAD‐seq data. The crown node forSchoenoxiphiumwas estimated to be 15.22 (9.56–21.18) Ma using a single calibration point and low missing data, 11.93 (8.07–16.03) Ma using multiple calibration points and low missing data, and 8.34 (5.41–11.22) using multiple calibrations but high missing data. We found that using matrices with more than half of the individuals with missing data inferred younger mean ages for all nodes. Moreover, we have found that our molecular clock estimates are sensitive to the positions of the calibration(s) in our phylogenetic tree (using matrices with low missing data), especially when only a single calibration was applied to estimate divergence times. These results argue for sensitivity analyses and caution in interpreting divergence time estimates from RAD‐seq data.
The biogeography of alien plant invasions in the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Cao Pinna Luigi , Axmanová Irena , Chytrý Milan , Malavasi Marco , Acosta Alicia T. R. , Giulio Silvia , Attorre Fabio , Bergmeier Erwin , Biurrun Idoia , Campos Juan Antonio , Font Xavier , Küzmič Filip , Landucci Flavia , Marcenò Corrado , Rodríguez‐Rojo Maria Pilar , Carboni Marta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsHumans have deeply eroded biogeographic barriers, causing a rapid spread of alien species across biomes. The Mediterranean Basin is a biodiversity hotspot but is also known as a hub of alien plant invasions, particularly in its European part. Yet, a comprehensive inventory of alien species in the area is missing and understanding of the drivers of Mediterranean invasions is poor. Here, we aim to identify the main alien plant species in the European part of the Mediterranean Basin and quantify their invasion success in order to understand the plant species flows from other biomes of the world.LocationThe Mediterranean region of Europe, Anatolia and Cyprus.MethodsWe analyzed 130,000 georeferenced vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and identified 299 extra‐European alien plant species. We identified their biomes of origin and quantified the mean geographic distance, trade exchange and climatic similarity from each biome to the study area. After estimating the invasion success of each species in the study area, we tested which biomes have donated more alien species than expected by chance and which drivers best explain these non‐random patterns.ResultsWe found that other Mediterranean climatic regions, as well as temperate and xeric biomes of the world, are the main donors of successful alien species to Mediterranean Europe, beyond what would be expected by chance. Our results suggest that climatic matching, rather than geographic proximity or trade, has been the most important driver of invasion. However, climatic pre‐adaptation alone also does not appear to predict the invasion success of established species in the study area.ConclusionsOur results highlight the need to pay special attention to alien plant species from the same or climatically similar biomes, but also suggest that further research is needed for early screening of the most problematic alien species.
Cryptocurrency shocks
Authors: Liu Jinan , Rahman Sajjadur , Serletis Apostolos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we use a bivariate structural VAR to investigate risk spillovers from the cryptocurrency market to standard financial markets. We investigate the effects of cryptocurrency shocks on key financial markets, including the stock, bond, gold and foreign exchange markets. The results show that cryptocurrency shocks do not have statistically significant effects on standard financial markets except for the bond market. This is consistent with most of the existing literature that argues that cryptocurrencies are mostly a new and different asset class, not related to standard factors.
Homage to Schoenberg and Bartók: Symmetry, Transpositional Combination and Octatonicism in the First Movement of Roberto Gerhard's Quartetto No. 3
Authors: Alonso Tomás Diego 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe first movement of Roberto Gerhard's Quartetto No. 3 (ca. 1927), his final assignment under Schoenberg, represents a direct homage to the teacher. Gerhard finished the movement with a clearly identifiable allusion to the minor and major chords that close Schoenberg's String Quartet in F♯ minor No. 2, Op. 10 (1907–8). Furthermore, he employed the four‐note set resulting from the fusion of these chords (pc set 4–17) as the movement's generative idea, expanding its main structural properties, namely inversional symmetry and transpositional combination, to inform the movement's large‐scale sonata layout and a number of configurations of key structural importance throughout the movement. In the development, he elaborated Schoenberg's materials by implementing a technique used extensively by Bartók at the time, namely the combination of dyads with one or more transpositions of themselves for generating larger (often octatonic) structures. Gerhard's compositional method in the movement shows not only the decisive impact of Schoenberg's principles but also his indebtedness to the music of Bartók, to whom the composition seems to pay tribute as equally as to Schoenberg. This article utilises these perspectives to offer an analysis of the first movement of Gerhard's Quartetto No. 3/Concertino.
ESNM/ANMS consensus paper: Diagnosis and management of refractory gastro‐esophageal reflux disease
Authors: Zerbib Frank , Bredenoord Albert J. , Fass Ronnie , Kahrilas Peter J. , Roman Sabine , Savarino Edoardo , Sifrim Daniel , Vaezi Michael , Yadlapati Rena , Gyawali C.Prakash 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUp to 40% of patients with symptoms suspicious of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) do not respond completely to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The term “refractory GERD” has been used loosely in the literature. A distinction should be made between refractory symptoms (ie, symptoms may or may not be GERD‐related), refractory GERD symptoms (ie, persisting symptoms in patients with proven GERD, regardless of relationship to ongoing reflux), and refractory GERD (ie, objective evidence of GERD despite adequate medical management). The present ESNM/ANMS consensus paper proposes use the term “refractory GERD symptoms” only in patients with persisting symptoms and previously proven GERD by either endoscopy or esophageal pH monitoring. Even in this context, symptoms may or may not be reflux related. Objective evaluation, including endoscopy and esophageal physiologic testing, is requisite to provide insights into mechanisms of symptom generation and evidence of true refractory GERD. Some patients may have true ongoing refractory acid or weakly acidic reflux despite PPIs, while others have no evidence of ongoing reflux, and yet others have functional esophageal disorders (overlapping with proven GERD confirmed off therapy). In this context, attention should also be paid to supragastric belching and rumination syndrome, which may be important contributors to refractory symptoms.
Associations between the built environment and dietary intake, physical activity, and obesity: A scoping review of reviews
Authors: Dixon Brittney N. , Ugwoaba Umelo A. , Brockmann Andrea N. , Ross Kathryn M. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThere exists a large body of literature examining the association between built environment factors and dietary intake, physical activity, and weight status; however, synthesis of this literature has been limited. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review of reviews and identified 74 reviews and meta‐analyses that investigated the association between built environment factors and dietary intake, physical activity, and/or weight status. Results across reviews were mixed, with heterogeneous effects demonstrated in terms of strength and statistical significance; however, preliminary support was identified for several built environment factors. For example, quality of dietary intake appeared to be associated with the availability of grocery stores, higher levels of physical activity appeared to be most consistently associated with greater walkability, and lower weight status was associated with greater diversity in land‐use mix. Overall, reviews reported substantial concern regarding methodological limitations and poor quality of existing studies. Future research should focus on improving study quality (e.g., using longitudinal methods, including natural experiments, and newer mobile sensing technologies) and consensus should be drawn regarding how to define and measure both built environment factors and weight‐related outcomes.
What assessments are currently used to investigate and diagnose cerebral visual impairment (CVI) in children? A systematic review
Authors: McConnell Emma L , Saunders Kathryn J , Little Julie‐Anne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeCerebral visual impairment (CVI) is the leading cause of childhood visual impairment in the developed world. Despite this, there are no agreed clinical guidelines for the investigation and diagnosis of the condition. Before development of such guidelines can commence, it is important to recognise which approaches are currently employed. This systematic review evaluated the literature to identify which methods of assessment are currently used to investigate and diagnose childhood CVI.MethodsMedline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched in January 2020 using defined search terms. Articles were included if they: (i) were research papers, conference abstracts or research protocols published in peer‐reviewed scientific journals, or relevant textbooks; (ii) included a clinical investigation of CVI in children; (iii) provided an explanation or criteria to diagnose CVI and (iv) were specifically investigating cerebral/cortical visual impairment. Methods used to a) assess and b) diagnose CVI were extracted from included articles. ‘Assessment scores’ were assigned for each method employed by researchers to investigate and diagnose CVI to quantify and compare approaches between articles. A quality grading was also applied to each article.ResultsOf 6454 identified articles, 45 met the inclusion criteria. From these, 10 categories of assessment utilised within included articles were identified: (1) Medical history, (2) Vision assessment/ophthalmologic examination, (3) Neuroimaging, (4) Visual behaviour and direct observation, (5) Structured history‐taking, (6) Visual perception tests, (7) Ocular movement and posture assessment, (8) Intelligence/IQ assessment, (9) Clinical electrophysiology and (10) Neurodevelopmental tests. In terms of diagnostic criteria, the most commonly reported approach was one of exclusion, i.e., CVI was diagnosed when visual dysfunction could not be attributed to abnormalities detected in the anterior visual pathway.ConclusionThere is a lack of common practice in the approaches used by clinicians to investigate and diagnose CVI in children. At present, a ‘diagnosis of exclusion’ remains the most common means to diagnose CVI. Development of clinical guidelines for assessment and diagnosis are necessary to ensure consistency in the diagnosis of CVI and the timely implementation of support to alleviate the impact of CVI on the child’s daily living.
Late mandibular angle fracture after third molar removal: A case report and critical review
Authors: Aires Carolina Chaves Gama , de Figueiredo Eugênia Leal , Neres Bruno José Carvalho Macêdo , Santos Neto Fernando Ferreira dos , de Holanda Vasconcellos Ricardo José , Cavalcanti do Egito Vasconcelos Belmiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionLate mandibular angle fracture after surgical removal of a lower third molar is a major complication. The aetiology of this complication is believed to be multifactorial and might be associated with age, gender, angulation and the level of third molar impaction. The aims of this study were to report the case of a mandibular angle fracture that occurred 21 days after third molar removal and to perform a critical review of the subject.Case reportA 44‐year‐old male patient reported a distinct cracking noise in his right mandibular angle during masticatory movements, 21 days after surgery to remove his right lower third molar. Based on the clinical and imaging findings, surgical reduction was performed under general anaesthesia and the fracture was properly fixed with two 2.0‐mm plate and screw systems installed at fractured site using transbuccal instrumentation.DiscussionMultiple factors are related to mandibular angle fractures resulting from the removal of third molars, such as age, gender, state of dentition, parafunctional habits, angulation and level of impaction of the third molar, relative depth and volume of the tooth in bone and local or systemic disease, which may compromise bone strength and the surgical technique.ConclusionsThe decision to remove lower third molars must be made taking into account all risks associated with the procedure, especially mandibular angle fractures. An accurate diagnosis and optimal timing of this procedure are necessary to minimize the occurrence of these complications.
Therapeutic Effects Comparison and Revision Case Analysis of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty and Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy in Treating Medial Knee Osteoarthritis in Patients Under 60 years: A 2–6‐year Follow‐up Study
Authors: Ziqi Zhang , Yufeng Mei , Lei Zhang , Chunsheng Wang , Pei Yang , Kunzheng Wang 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effects and revision cases of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) in treating medial knee osteoarthritis (MKOA) in patients under 60 years.MethodsThe present retrospective study included a total of 192 patients who were diagnosed with MKOA and treated by UKA or OWHTO in the Second Affiliated hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University and Xi'an Honghui Hospital between December 2012 and December 2016. Among these patients, 83 were treated by UKA (17 men and 66 women, aged 53.7 ± 5.2 years) and 109 were treated by OWHTO (23 men and 86 women, aged 51.8 ± 6.9 years). Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months for the first year postoperation, and every 6 months from the second year postoperation. Basic data, perioperative data, hospital for special surgery (HSS) score, visual analogue pain score (VAS), low‐impact recovery, and revision cases of the patients were evaluated.ResultsThe average follow‐up periods of the UKA group and the OWHTO group were 39.3 ± 11.2 months and 40.2 ± 13.5 months, respectively. No significant difference was found in the basic data of the two groups (P ≥ 0.05). The operative time, incision length, and dominant blood loss of the UKA group was less than those of OWHTO group by 19.6%, 10.7%, and 35.1%, respectively, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found in postoperative in‐bed time (P ≥ 0.05). The HSS scores of the UKA group at 1 and 3 months postoperation were higher than those of the OWHTO group by 5.1% and 3.9% (P < 0.05), while no differences were found from 6 months postoperation (P ≥ 0.05). The VAS score of the UKA group 1 month postoperation was lower than that of the OWHTO group by 12.2% (P < 0.05), while no differences were found from 3 months postoperation (P ≥ 0.05). One year after the operation, most patients in both groups could not achieve ideal recovery in low‐impact sports, and no significant differences were found (P < 0.05). The sport in which most patients could not achieve ideal recovery was mountain climbing. No revision cases occurred in the OWHTO group, while two revisions occurred in the UKA group.ConclusionCandidates for UKA should be chosen carefully and the current indications and contraindications raised by Goodfellow should be modified.
Ventricular fibrillation due to coronary spasm after pepper spray
Authors: Lechner Adam , Alderson Tyler , Gautam Sandeep , Flaker Greg 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPepper spray is used as a crowd control agent and for self‐defense. It has been thought to be safe; however, 27 persons have died in police custody after exposure to pepper spray. We report on a 21‐year‐old man, with no underlying heart disease and a normal ECG and echocardiogram in the past, who was pepper sprayed and developed ventricular fibrillation. An admission ECG showed marked ST segment elevation but subsequent coronary arteriography was normal. We hypothesize that pepper spray triggered coronary spasm, resulting in ventricular fibrillation. This report adds to a body of information that pepper spray is dangerous.