bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute respiratory effect of transpyloric feeding for respiratory exacerbation in preterm infants
Authors: Shimokaze Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Kouji , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Toyoshima Katsuaki , Katsumata Kaoru , Saito Tomoko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Gastroesophageal reflux may exacerbate chronic lung disease in preterm infants. We evaluated the short-term effects of transpyloric feeding on respiratory status in preterm infants during mechanical ventilation.

Methods
We retrospectively collected data from the hospital information management system. To evaluate the effect of transpyloric feeding on oxygenation, we compared changes in SpO2/FiO2 ratios before and after commencing transpyloric feeding by a piecewise linear regression model.

Results
We examined 33 infants (median gestational age, 25.4 weeks; median birth weight, 656 g) who underwent transpyloric feeding. All tubes were placed at the bedside without fluoroscopy. No cases of unsuccessful placement, gastroduodenal perforation, or tracheal misinsertion occurred. Transpyloric feeding began at a median age of 18 (interquartile range, 15–23) days. Mean SpO2/FiO2 (±SD) ratios were 391 (±49), 371 (±51), 365 (±56), and 366 (±53) 72–96 h before, 0–24 h before, 48–72 h after, and 96–120 h after starting transpyloric feeding, respectively. The rate of change per hour of SpO2/FiO2 ratios increased 48–120 h after compared with 0–96 h before transpyloric feeding (0.03 [95% confidence interval, −0.10 to 0.17] vs. −0.29 [−0.47 to −0.12]) (p=0.007). No apparent changes occurred in the mean airway pressure, amplitude pressure, or pCO2.

Conclusions
Transpyloric feeding during mechanical ventilation can prevent the deterioration of oxygenation without major complications at the stage of respiratory exacerbation in preterm infants.
External validation of a prediction model on vaginal birth after caesarean in a The Netherlands: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Vankan Emy , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Nijhuis Jan G. , Aardenburg Robert , Delemarre Friso M. C. , Dirksen Carmen D. , van Dooren Ivo M. , Kuppens Simone M. I. , Kwee Anneke , Langenveld Josje , Schoorel Ellen N. , Smits Luc J. , Hermens Rosella P. , Scheepers Hubertina C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Discussing the individual probability of a successful vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) can support decision making. The aim of this study is to externally validate a prediction model for the probability of a VBAC in a Dutch population.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study in 12 Dutch hospitals, 586 women intending VBAC were included. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancies with a cephalic foetal presentation, delivery after 37 weeks and one previous caesarean section (CS) and preference for intending VBAC. The studied prediction model included six predictors: pre-pregnancy body mass index, previous vaginal delivery, previous CS because of non-progressive labour, Caucasian ethnicity, induction of current labour, and estimated foetal weight ≥90th percentile. The discriminative and predictive performance of the model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and calibration plots.

Results
The area under the curve was 0.73 (CI 0.69–0.78). The average predicted probability of a VBAC according to the prediction model was 70.3% (range 33–92%). The actual VBAC rate was 71.7%. The calibration plot shows some overestimation for low probabilities of VBAC and an underestimation of high probabilities.

Conclusions
The prediction model showed good performance and was externally validated in a Dutch population. Hence it can be implemented as part of counselling for mode of delivery in women choosing between intended VBAC or planned CS after previous CS.
A typological portrait of Mano, Southern Mande
Authors: Khachaturyan Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a typological survey of Mano, a Mande language of Guinea and Liberia. It sketches a linguistic portrait of Mano as a representative member of the Southern branch of the Mande family. The family features shared by Mano include S-Aux-O-V-X word order, the parallelism between nominal and verbal syntax, and the ubiquity of passive lability. The branch features include rich tonal morphology, the unstable character of nasal consonants, and rich pronominal paradigms, including auxiliaries that index the person and number of the subject. Some of the features presented here have not been sufficiently analyzed in the Mandeist literature, so it is unclear how unusual Mano is in comparison to other Mande languages in terms of the large class of inalienably possessed nouns, or the clause-level nominalization that may include another clause as its constituent. Finally, some properties are almost certainly specific to Mano, such as the dedicated tonal forms used in conditional clauses. This paper puts Mano in its typological context, elaborating on those features which are cross linguistically well attested versus those which are cross linguistically rare.
How usage-based approaches to language can contribute to a unified theory of heritage grammars
Authors: López-Beltrán Priscila , Carlson Matthew T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we argue that usage-based approaches to grammar, which specify how linguistic experience leads to grammatical knowledge through the interplay of cognitive, linguistic and social factors, have a central role to play in contributing to a unified theory of heritage language acquisition and processing with much greater explanatory adequacy. We discuss how this approach (1) offers solutions to long- standing problems in the field of heritage language research, (2) links phenomena that have been explained under diverging theoretical perspectives and (3) leads to new hypotheses and testable predictions about what we can expect heritage speakers acquire from their input. We conclude that usage-based approaches are crucial to move away from deficit-oriented perspectives on heritage grammars by taking into consideration how variation in sociolinguistic experience gives rise to differences in how heritage speakers acquire and use their language.
How do presenters engage with their audience? Speakers’ multimodal interpersonal behaviour in research dissemination talks
Authors: Valeiras-Jurado Julia , Morell Teresa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Speakers in research dissemination talks are challenged with the need to connect with an audience that does not necessarily share their knowledge and expertise. This communicative situation can be particularly challenging for speakers using English both as a foreign language and for academic purposes. This study combines multimodal and ethnographic methods to explore how speakers of dissemination talks engage with their public. It focuses on four presenters’ use and combination of language, paralanguage, kinesics, proxemics and gaze during intensive moments of engagement. The results show that these interpersonal rich points consist of dense multimodal ensembles that serve to shorten the distance between presenters and their audiences. The findings suggest that a skilful orchestration of modes can be greatly beneficial to achieve the desired level of audience engagement. Therefore, developing speakers’ multimodal communicative competence should be a priority in English for specific and academic purposes (ESP/EAP) training.
Small Pipe-Clay Devotional Figures: Touch, Play and Animation
Authors: Smits Lieke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Small, mass-produced pipe-clay figurines were popular devotionalia in the late medieval Low Countries. In this paper, focusing on representations of the Christ Child, I study the sensory and playful ways in which such objects were used as ‘props of perception’ in spiritual games of make-believe or role-play. Not only does this particular iconography invite tactile and playful behaviour, the figurines fit within a larger context of image practices involving visions and make-believe. Through such practices images were animated and imbued with a divine power. Contemporary written sources suggest that, especially for women, ownership of and sensory engagement with small-scale figures provided them with agency.
Roughness of the Controllability for Time Varying Systems Under the Influence of Impulses, Delay, and Nonlocal Conditions
Authors: Leiva Hugo , Cabada Dalia , Gallo Rodolfo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we prove that the controllability of time varying linear system is preserved if we add impulses, delay and nonlocal conditions on it. In order to do that, we assume some conditions on the non-linear terms and apply the Rothe’s fixed point theorem to obtain the main result. In other words, we find sufficient controllability conditions for the semilinear system under the influence of impulses, delay, and nonlocal conditions.
On-line detection algorithm of ore grade change in grinding grading system
Authors: Zhao Jianjun , Zhou Junwu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn process industry control, process data is critical for both control and fault diagnosis. Timely detection of outliers and mutation point in process data can quickly adjust control parameters or discover potential failures throughout the system. Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional mutation point detection method, such as the detection time delay and not being suitable for the process industrial data that mixed outliers, this paper proposes a mutation point and outliers detection method that is suitable for the grinding grading system using the wavelet method to analyze the “Efficient Scoring Vector.” In this algorithm, to distinguish between outliers and mutation points in the detection process, we propose a detection framework based on the relationship between Lipschitz index and wavelet coefficients. Under this framework, the detection algorithm proposed in this paper can detect outliers and mutation points simultaneously. The advantage of this is that the accuracy of the mutation point detection is not affected by the outliers. This means that the method can process grinding grading system process data containing outliers and mutation points under actual operating conditions and is more suitable for practical applications. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed detection method are proved by simulation results.
Stable solutions to the nonlinear RLC transmission line equation and the Sinh–Poisson equation arising in mathematical physics
Authors: Abdul Kayum Md. , Seadawy Aly R. , Akbar Ali M. , Sugati Taghreed G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Sinh–Poisson equation and the RLC transmission line equation are important nonlinear model equations in the field of engineering and power transmission. The modified simple equation (MSE) procedure is a realistic, competent and efficient mathematical scheme to ascertain the analytic soliton solutions to nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs). In the present article, the MSE approach is put forward and exploited to establish wave solutions to the previously referred NLEEs and accomplish analytical broad-ranging solutions associated with parameters. Whenever parameters are assigned definite values, diverse types of solitons originated from the general wave solutions. The solitons are explained by sketching three-dimensional and two-dimensional graphs, and their physical significance is clearly stated. The profiles of the attained solutions assimilate compacton, bell-shaped soliton, peakon, kink, singular periodic, periodic soliton and singular kink-type soliton. The outcomes assert that the MSE scheme is an advance, convincing and rigorous scheme to bring out soliton solutions. The solutions obtained may significantly contribute to the areas of science and engineering.
Ferroelectric behavior in paracrystalline poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate)
Authors: Barique Mohammad A. , Matsuda Yasuhiro , Tasaka Shigeru 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dielectric behavior in paracrystalline poly(vinyl trifluoroacetate) was investigated from the viewpoint of ferroelectricity. This polymer has a large CF3 dipole moment (2.3 Debye) and structural defects due to the atactic sequence in its chain conformation. It is possible to rotate the dipoles in paracrystals with defects under high electric field. The dielectric behavior was measured from 20 to 200 °C. A large dielectric constant and dielectric relaxation strength (Δε = 17 at 110 °C) were observed in the α-relaxation region. Corona poling on the samples was carried out at DC field 80 MV/m and 80 °C. Ferroelectric D–E hysteresis loop was observed under high electric field, and the remanent polarization and coercive field at 40 °C were 15 mC/m2 and 155 MV/m, respectively. Pyroelectric response and thermally stimulated current were measured from the current through the electrode irradiated by a pulsed semiconductor laser. A pyroelectric constant of about 6 μC/m2K was observed, which was stable up to near the poling temperature. The ferroelectricity in poly(vinyltrifluoroacetate) stems from the rotation of molecular chains in its paracrystals and orientation of the CF2 dipoles. Poly(vinyltrifluoroacetate) dielectrics can be used for capacitors with high power density, artificial skins, muscles and other flexible electronics.
The application of the natural killer cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in treating various types of cancer
Authors: Helmin-Basa Anna , Gackowska Lidia , Balcerowska Sara , Ornawka Marcelina , Naruszewicz Natalia , Wiese-Szadkowska Małgorzata 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Innate immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in the surveillance and clearance of tumor. Intensive research has exposed the mechanisms of recognition and elimination of tumor cells by these immune cells as well as how cancers evade immune response. Hence, harnessing the immune cells has proven to be an effective therapy in treating a variety of cancers. Strategies aimed to harness and augment effector function of these cells for cancer therapy have been the subject of intense researches over the decades. Different immunotherapeutic possibilities are currently being investigated for anti-tumor activity. Pharmacological agents known to influence immune cell migration and function include therapeutic antibodies, modified antibody molecules, toll-like receptor agonists, nucleic acids, chemokine inhibitors, fusion proteins, immunomodulatory drugs, vaccines, adoptive cell transfer and oncolytic virus–based therapy. In this review, we will focus on the preclinical and clinical applications of NK cell, macrophage and DC immunotherapy in cancer treatment.
Synthesis, characterization and computational studies of 1,3-bis[(
E)-furan-2-yl)methylene]urea and 1,3-bis[(
E)-furan-2-yl)methylene]thiourea
Authors: Alabi Kazeem Adelani , Abdulsalami Ibrahim Olasegun , Adeoye Moriam Dasola , Aderinto Shukurat Modupe , Adigun Rasheed Adewale 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Urea and thiourea derivatives: 1,3-bis[(E)-furan-2-yl)methylene]urea (BFMU) and 1,3-bis[(E)-furan-2-yl)methylene]thiourea (BFMT) were synthesized and characterized by spectrometry analyses (UV, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR). They were screened for antibacterial (Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas axonopodis and Streptococcus bovis) and antifungal (Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Cercospora zeae-maydis) activities. Quantum chemical calculations of frontier molecular orbital energies (EHOMO and ELUMO), and their associated global parameters were carried out by DFT levels of theory, with complete relaxation in the potential energy surface using 6-31G* basis set (DFT/B3LYP/6-31G*). Azomethine functional groups (C=N) appeared at δ 7.6 ppm and δ 7.0 ppm in the proton spectra, the peaks between δ 105 and δ 160 ppm of 13C spectra represent the methylene carbons (C=C). BFMU is a better inhibitor of P. aeruginosa and S. bovis, while BFMT is a better inhibitor of S. typhi, S. aureus and X. axonopodis and the fungi isolates (F. oxysporum, C. gloeosporioides and C. zeae-maydis) used. The global parameters agreed favorably with the experimental results, indicating the higher activity of BFMT.
Unterschiedliche Lebenserwartungen und Rentenanpassung
Authors: Richter Wolfram F. , Werding Martin 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungEin strukturbildendes Merkmal der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung (GRV) ist die Teilhabeäquivalenz, der zufolge Rentenleistungen proportional mit den Beitragszahlungen steigen. Die konkrete Art der Rentenberechnung geht allerdings zu Lasten von Versicherten, die viele Jahre in die GRV eingezahlt haben und eine unterdurchschnittliche Lebenserwartung aufweisen. Soweit solche Personen als wirtschaftlich leistungsschwach anzusehen sind, wirkt die Rentenberechnung damit regressiv. Die Ursache liegt zum einen im Verzicht auf eine Aufzinsung von Beitragszahlungen und zum anderen in der risikounabhängigen Form der Versicherung. Die „Rente ab 63“ und die „Grundrente“ lassen sich als wenig treffsichere Versuche der Politik deuten, die regressive Verteilungswirkung zu mildern. In diesem Beitrag verfolgen die Autoren einen anderen Lösungsansatz. Sie plädieren dafür, einkommensschwachen Versicherten bei ihrer Verrentung das Recht zu gewähren, zwischen zwei Formen von Rentenanpassung zu wählen. Statt einer Rente mit lohnorientierter Anpassung nach geltendem Recht sollen die Begünstigten eine barwertgleiche Rente mit reinem Inflationsausgleich wählen können. Eine solche Rente nach österreichischem Vorbild startet höher, wächst im Regelfall aber schwächer als die deutsche Rente. Wenn die regressiv wirkende Umverteilung in der GRV auf diese Weise reduziert wird, lassen sich – so die Erwartung – weitere Anhebungen der Regelaltersgrenze, die zur Bewältigung des demografischen Wandels erforderlich sind, politisch leichter durchsetzen.
Understanding uranium oxide hardening during prolonged storage
Authors: Pastoor Kevin J. , Robinson Shane L. , Greenwell R. Allan , Quintero Hilsaca Camila V. , Shafer Jenifer C. , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Uranium ore concentrates (UOCs), the product of uranium mining and milling, are primarily comprised of uranium oxide (U3O8 and UO2) or peroxide (UO4·4H2O and UO4·2H2O) compounds. Following production, UOCs are typically placed in storage until they are converted to uranium hexafluoride (UF6) at a uranium conversion facility. In this study, the chemical changes responsible for an interesting hardening phenomenon observed in UOCs stored for prolonged periods was investigated to understand underlying causes. Powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize free-flowing and hardened UOC samples and revealed the hardened material had undergone hydration and oxidation as indicated by increased moisture content and the presence of metaschoepite [(UO2)4O(OH)6](H2O)5 and/or schoepite [(UO2)4O(OH)6](H2O)6. Additionally, an aging study found metaschoepite in UOCs after 3 months exposure to a high relative humidity environment. The same study found agglomerated, but not fully hardened, material in nearly all aged UOCs samples. These results suggest metaschoepite and schoepite are indicative of UOCs exposed to elevated levels of H2O during storage. Lastly, a drying/calcining study of hardened U3O8 material demonstrated a means of remediation and identified an intermediate compound of potential interest, dehydrated schoepite. Dehydrated schoepite results from heating metaschoepite or schoepite between 100 and 300 °C and indicates partial reversal of hardened U3O8 to its original condition.
Study on microstructure and wear resistance of Zr-17Nb alloy irradiated by high current pulsed electron beam
Authors: Sun Yue , Li Kui , Gao Bo , Sun Pengyue , Fu Haiyang , Liu Zhuang , Yin Juntai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the microstructure and wear resistance of Zr-17Nb alloy treated by high current pulsed electron beam were studied in detail. A phase change occurs after pulse treatments using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, showingβ(Nb) phase andα(Zr) phase transformed by a part ofβ(Zr, Nb) phase. Also, narrowing and shifting ofβ(Zr, Nb) diffraction peaks were found. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and metallographic analysis results reveal that the microstructure of alloy surface before high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) treatment is composed of equiaxed crystals. But, after 15 and 30 pulse treatments, crater structures are significantly reduced. Besides, it was also found that the alloy surface has undergone eutectoid transformation after 30 pulse treatments, and the reaction ofβ(Zr, Nb) → αZr +βNb had occurred. Microhardness test results show that microhardness value presents a downward trend as the number of pulses increases, which is mainly due to the coarsening of the grains and the formation of a softerβ(Nb) phase after phase transformation. The wear resistance test results show that the friction coefficient increases first, then decreases and then increases with the increase of pulse number.
Effect of notch on static and fatigue properties of T800 fabric reinforced composites
Authors: Xu Mingrui , Huang Jianjin , Zeng Benyin , He Dingni , Fu Yu , Deng Hua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo investigate the effect of notches on static and fatigue properties of T800 fabric carbon fibre reinforced epoxy, comparative tests were conducted between specimens of three depths of notches and un-notched specimens. Results demonstrate that the residual tensile strength of specimens is linearly decreased with the increasing depth of notches from 2mm to 4mm. The tensile strength on notched specimens dropped 31.5% comparing with no-damaged laminate. Due to the effect of notches, the fatigue limit was reduced to 55% of UTS and the slope of theS-Ncurve tends to be horizontal. In-situ damage expansion process was observed and the shape of proposed normalizedS-Ncurves could be explained and concluded as two stages: the first stage accounts for 20% of the fatigue life, showing a dramatic decrease of fatigue strength; the remaining stage takes up the rest of the total life span, representing a steady decline in strength. It shows that no-damaged and notched laminates exhibit different behaviours in terms of damage evolution.
Lead extrusion ten months after spinal cord stimulator implantation: a case report
Authors: Reehl David , Cheriyan Thomas , Qureshi Owais , Sun Zhuo , Singh Paramvir , Dua Anterpreet 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this case report is to describe an occurrence of a rare complication of lead extrusion, which was observed 10 months after spinal cord stimulator (SCS) implantation.

Methods
A patient with low back pain and failed back surgery syndrome underwent implantation of a SCS without complications. Ten months after implantation, one SCS lead extruded from her lower back leading to surgical removal of the leads.

Results
After identifying the complication of a SCS lead extruding from the patient’s back, a surgical revision was performed to remove the SCS leads but retain the implantable pulse generator (IPG) in the gluteal region. During the surgery, it was noted that the anchors were in the appropriate position, sutured and fibrosed to a deep fascial layer. There were no complications from the surgical revision and no infectious process was observed.

Conclusions
We report the occurrence and management of a rare complication of SCS lead extrusion after SCS implantation for failed back surgery syndrome. After recognition, removal of the leads with retention of the IPG was able to effectively resolve the complication. The revising procedure was well tolerated but resulted in the recurrence of the patient’s previous low back pain. We believe that knowledge of this case and its management will aid future physicians in the recognition and management of this rare complication of SCS implantation. Furthermore, as there is a paucity of literature discussing the management of lead extrusion after SCS implantation, we hope that this case report will spur additional research on the management of this complication.