bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical performance and cost‐effectiveness of a Silicone foam with 3DFit™ technology in chronic wounds compared with standard of care: An open randomised multicentre investigation
Authors: Voegeli David , Landauro Malene Hornbak , Sperup Trine , Ayoub Nayla , McRobert John William 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe objective of the study was to show the clinical performance and cost‐effectiveness of a Silicone foam dressing with 3DFit™ Technology compared to current standard of care. This was an open‐labelled, two‐arm, randomised controlled multicentre study conducted from February to December 2023. One hundred and two participants with an exuding, non‐infected and chronic ulcer were randomised in a 1:1 fashion and treated with either a Silicone foam with 3DFit™ Technology or standard of care (a filler combined with a secondary dressing), stratified by venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers. After a 4‐week study period, wound size and total costs were evaluated. After 4 weeks of treatment, a comparable percentage in wound area reduction was observed in both treatment arms with mean and 95% confidence interval of 54.3% (37.1%; 71.5%) and 43.0% (26.5%; 59.6%) for the investigational and comparator dressing, respectively. This corresponded to a mean difference of 11.3% ([−10.22; 32.86], p = 0.299). Total mean estimated costs were significantly lower for the investigational dressing (£14.3, 95% confidence interval [£9.6; £19.0]) compared to the two‐dressing regime (£21.4 [£16.9; £26.0]), corresponding to a 33% price reduction (p = 0.033) after 4 weeks of treatment. With this RCT, a conforming Silicone foam dressing with 3DFit™ Technology was shown to be clinically comparable and a cost‐effective alternative to using a filler and a secondary dressing at a significantly lower cost in both venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers up to 2 cm in depth.
The object(s) of legality
Authors: CLOATRE EMILIE , COWAN DAVE , HAMMERSLEV OLE , NIELSEN STINE PIILGAARD PORNER 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this article, we argue for the relevance of studying the association between objects and people as co‐constituting legality in everyday life rather than solely focusing either on people or on ‘icons’. Indeed, we go further and argue that scholarship is in danger of producing an impoverished version of legal consciousness if it fails to look beyond the human actors, the people in society. Studying objects and associations, and their role in the making of legalities, is enriched by engaging with the insights of legal consciousness, and its close attention to the way in which everyday forms of engagement with legal orders are co‐constitutive of legality. We illustrate through two different case studies how associations between objects and people (in a homeless shelter for young people and among herbalists) mediate and shape legal consciousness.
Couples age discrepancies in a large‐scale European sample: Evolutionary and sociocultural perspectives
Authors: Gottfried Jaroslav , Ševčíková Anna , Blinka Lukas , Lambert South Andrea 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study examines age discrepancies in couples formed at various stages of life. Both evolutionary and sociocultural perspectives suggest that people's preferences for their partner's age gradually change throughout their lifespan. This study includes European couples (N = 35,996; 51% women and 49% men) surveyed in two waves of the panel study Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). A linear regression model was employed to analyze age differences in couples concerning when the relationship began. For men, the projected age of their partner decreased by nearly 1 year for every 5 years of their age. A similar but smaller effect was observed for women. These findings were consistent across 29 countries and indicated that men tended to be more inclined to start relationships with younger partners as they grew older. Conversely, women's initial tendency to partner with slightly older individuals shifted toward same‐aged partners as they aged. These results indirectly suggest that preferences in age‐related mate selection may systematically change as individuals grow older. An evolutionary and sociocultural rationale for age disparities seems plausible for men, regardless of their age, whereas sociocultural influences come into play for women as they age.
Evidence for clonal integration of clones contributing to unexpectedly higher benefits for interspecific neighbours
Authors: Zhou Quan , Chen Yujie , Zhang Hui , Wu Shengjun , Liu Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClonal plants benefit from the ability to translocate resources among interconnected ramets to colonize stress habitats. Despite the fact that the physiological integration of clones may influence their general performance and competitiveness, we still lack an understanding of how integration alters the ability of clones to compete with their neighbours. In a greenhouse experiment, we investigated how clonal integration of a perennial herbaceous Cynodon dactylon, which originated from two flooding stress ecotypes, influenced the growth, functional traits, biomass allocation and relative competitiveness of their intraspecific and interspecific neighbours. We also used a greenhouse reciprocal transplant experiment to assess the plasticity and adaptation of clonal integration and test the ‘home‐field’ advantage of clonal integration on the neighbours. The findings showed that, for clones of low‐stress ecotypes, clonal integration significantly enhanced the specific root length, biomass storage, root‐shoot ratio, and relative competitive ability of the interspecific neighbours, but it had little effect on the overall performance of the intraspecific neighbours across two stress ecotypes. Interestingly, such encouragement also helped the clones expand, suggesting that the clones and their physiologically independent interspecific neighbours can benefit from one another. The home‐field advantages of clonal integration were demonstrated by the fact that the clonal ramets from the home site showed more benefit for interspecific neighbours than ramets from the away site. This study provides novel evidence for facilitation and home‐field advantage between clones and interspecific neighbours and has implications for understanding stress environments where both high levels of clonality and interspecific facilitation are expected to occur.
Computed tomographic features and temporal evolution of the magnetic resonance imaging features of a resolving intracranial intraventricular hematoma in a dog
Authors: Kallis Giorgio , Guo Shanshan , Saulnier‐Troff François , Hughes Jonathan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old miniature pinscher presented for acute onset, seizure‐like or syncopal episodes. Computed tomography of the head revealed a hyperattenuating, nonenhancing right lateral ventricular mass. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a right lateral ventricular hemorrhagic mass associated with the choroid plexus and disseminated intraventricular and subarachnoid space hemorrhage. Subsequent MRI after 2 months was consistent with a resolving hematoma and residual abnormal choroid plexus conformation. Clinical signs resolved within 1 month on levetiracetam. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported canine case of a resolving, intracranial, intraventricular hematoma on CT and repeat MRI.
American College of Veterinary Radiology and European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging consensus statement on imaging report foundations
Authors: Scrivani Peter V. , Watson Elizabeth , Joostens Zoë , Yanchik Ashley , Specchi Swan , Skogmo Hege Kippenes 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImaging reports are official medicolegal documents, detailing the conduct and interpretation of imaging studies in patient care. They serve as the primary means of communication for radiologists and significantly influence clinical decisions. This consensus statement, produced by a panel of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging board‐certified veterinary radiologists through a modified Delphi method, addressed three key competency domains: basic patient care documentation, crafting meaningful reports, and ethical practice within legal boundaries. Meaningful reports move beyond documenting findings and providing impressions having qualities that foster effective communication for the betterment of patient care.
Development of a Scaled-Down Test Rig for Wheel–Rail Contact Thermal Experiments Using Optical Sensors
Authors: Nagaraju Deepa , Sharan Preeta , Sharma Sneha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rail–wheel contact measurement is crucial for several reasons. First and foremost, it directly affects the safety of passengers, crew, and the general public. Accurate measurements help identify irregularities in wheel–rail contact, such as wheel defects, wear, or track anomalies, which can lead to derailments or accidents if left unaddressed. An inventive technique for measuring the temperatures at rail–wheel contact at various speeds is presented in this research. The novel approach uses a 1:5 scaled-down test rig model of a wheel and rail with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor to combine the experimental and finite element analysis simulation to determine the rail–wheel contact temperature. By employing the various data acquisition and data analysis techniques, rail–wheel contact temperature at different speeds ranging between 10 kmph and 40 kmph was determined 1538.735–1538.831 nm with a center wavelength of 1538.438 nm. The results illustrate the possibilities of the downsized test rig with experimental observations at varying speeds by examining the benefits of FBG sensors over traditional sensors. The experimental results are used to determine the equivalent wavelength shift. FBG sensor design and simulation are done with the grating modulation depth (MOD) optical tool. For this temperature range and Bragg's wavelength of 1538.438 nm, the sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating is observed to be 13.6 pm/°C.
Acoustic Modes in an Open Box Cavity With Variable Depth Using Two Distinct Wind Tunnels
Authors: Hammer Steffen , Twaddle James , Fridh Jens , Paniagua Guillermo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cavity resonances in ducts are a classical problem that has involved researchers from very different fields over time. More recently, the aerospace community became engaged again due to resonances found within the flow path of aero-engines, for example, in bleed cavities in the low-pressure compressor section. These resonances can lead to problems with the structural integrity of upstream components and thus warrant investigation. This study expands the previous dataset of an open box cavity with variable depth (D) and a rectangular opening with length (L), effectively testing L/D=[4,2,1/2]ratios. This parameter was indicated by Rossiter to be a strong predictive parameter in frequency generation. This article compares the results of the same cavity geometry within two wind tunnels of different dimensions and operational setups. The intention of the study is to isolate the Rossiter modes from any other geometric modes that are due to the wind tunnel’s test section geometry. This isolation allows the modification of the model of Rossiter and the cavity depth model of East to improve the predictive capability over a larger range of Mach numbers and for deeper cavities. One wind tunnel has an open loop continuous flow operation where the Mach number is set by changing the outlet static pressure. The second wind tunnel has a blowdown operation where both Mach and Reynolds numbers can be set independently by pulling a downstream vacuum and setting the upstream total pressure. The experiments were performed for an operating range from low subsonic to transonic Mach numbers. The analysis focuses on modifying the constants in both the Rossiter model and the cavity depth model proposed by East along with investigating the phenomenon of mode switching for Rossiter modes. The analyses show a good repeatability of the dataset between the two wind tunnels displaying strong resonances at similar operating points. The new proposed constants for the Rossiter model when using an L/D=2 are γ=0.15 and κ=0.58. For the deeper cavity with L/D=0.5, the constants proposed are γ=0.15 and κ=0.9. The modification of the cavity depth model by East to better predict the mode above Mach 0.3 is proposed by adjusting the constant B=2.5 and leaving A=0.65. An independence from Reynolds number of the acoustic frequency generation is demonstrated within the operating range. A mode-switching behavior is identified with the shallowest and deepest cavity showing multiple mode transitions within the operating range and a near constant Rossiter mode 1 for L/D=2.
Analysis of the Instantaneous Film Cooling Effectiveness on Showerhead Film Cooling Using Fast Response Pressure Sensitive Paint
Authors: Sounik Jeremy L. , Wright Lesley M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The instantaneous effect of unsteady wakes on film cooling effectiveness using a fast response pressure sensitive paint was studied. Testing was performed in a five-passage, low-speed wind tunnel using five times scaled versions of typical high-pressure blades (axial chord of 17 cm). The blowing ratios studied include 0.8 and 1.2, with density ratios of 1.0 and 1.5 at each blowing ratio. Upstream unsteady wakes were produced by a spoked wheel-type wake generator. The wake generator, utilizing a varying number of rods and rotational speeds, produced Strouhal numbers of 0.1 and 0.3 while the wind tunnel inlet mainstream Reynolds number was held at a constant value of 300,000 (mainstream velocity of 21 m/s) for every test case. For each Strouhal number, blowing ratio and density ratio studied, several positions within the period between rods, and the resulting wakes, were recorded. Results show that the location of the wake along a blade's surface had a significant impact on the film cooling effectiveness in the immediate location of the wake. An overall fluctuation of up to 69% in film cooling effectiveness was observed within the wake period. Conclusions also show that while mainstream flows with higher Strouhal numbers tend to decrease film cooling effectiveness, the fluctuation of film cooling effectiveness at higher Strouhal numbers was reduced when compared to results utilizing lower Strouhal numbers. A comparison of results from tests at different density ratios showed a much smaller change in the instantaneous film cooling effectiveness between test cases.
Effect of Leading Edge Erosion on the Tip Leakage Flow in a Compressor Cascade
Authors: Stein Thomas , Leitner Markus W. , Staudacher Stephan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The interaction between tip leakage flow and passage flow in axial compressor blade rows creates complex flow mechanisms that impair flow stability. Caused by erosion of the compressor blades, these flow mechanisms become time-dependent. Especially, the compressor tip regions experience erosion-related surface loss owing to the particle-laden flow inside the engine. The corresponding reduction in chord length varies in height and leads to varying shapes of eroded compressor blades. It is likely that these impact the engine’s operability. The optical accessibility of flow structures in water was exploited by analyzing four blade tip geometries at different angles of incidence in a linear compressor cascade. The impact of these geometries on the tip flow structures is analyzed by observing the movement of inked fluid elements in space and time. Particle tracking velocimetry is used to obtain 3D trajectories of both stable and unstable flows. Whilst the non-eroded blade geometry shows stable vortex formation, a notable change in the flow characteristics is observed for particular erosion patterns. In these cases, the tip leakage flow exhibits unsteadiness, featuring fluctuations and unstable flow phenomena. A large blockage of the flow passage occurs due to a vortex breakdown.
Wake–Separation Bubble Interaction Over an Experimentally Simulated Axial Compressor Blade Under Low Reynolds Number Flow
Authors: Irps Thomas , Kanjirakkad Vasudevan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For the most part, the flow over an axial compressor blade is subjected to adverse pressure gradients. Under low Reynolds number conditions, the flow could separate off the blade surface especially on the suction side, where it first accelerates to a peak velocity and then decelerates to a higher-pressure condition at the blade exit. The “separation bubble” thus formed could, in many cases, trigger flow transition from laminar to turbulent conditions on reattachment further downstream of the point of separation. Since blade profile losses depend on the transition location, modifying the separation bubble due to any upstream generated disturbances is of great interest. In this article, the interaction between incoming wakes, which are generated periodically, and the separation bubble that exists on the blade surface is investigated. Results are presented from wind tunnel experiments conducted over a flat plate that is imposed with a surface pressure profile similar to that over a highly loaded compressor blade. The periodic wakes are introduced using an upstream bar passing mechanism that produces representative unsteady parameters. The spatial and temporal development of the flow along the mid-span region is described with the help of particle image velocimetry-based flow mapping at a relatively low Reynolds number of 210,000. Several interesting observations were made, but the most important one is the existence of a slow-moving thickened boundary layer feature that convects immediately behind the wake. While the calmed region that forms behind this feature can suppress the bubble, the thickened boundary layer itself is seen to have high unsteadiness and it contributes to a large momentum deficit.
Regulation of human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein function via a novel ubiquitin ligase FBXO4
Authors: Vats Arushi , Braga Luca , Kavcic Nezka , Massimi Paola , Schneider Edoardo , Giacca Mauro , Laimins Laimonis A. , Banks Lawrence 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have shown that E6 interacts with the E6-associated protein (E6AP) ubiquitin-protein ligase and directs its ubiquitylation activity toward several specific cellular proteins, one of the most important of which is p53. Interestingly, E6AP not only aids in the E6-directed degradation of cellular substrates but also stabilizes the E6 protein by protecting it from proteasome-mediated degradation. However, there is no information available about the ubiquitin ligases that regulate the stability and activity of the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 oncoprotein in the absence of E6AP. Therefore, to identify these novel ubiquitin ligases, we performed high-throughput human siRNA library screen against ubiquitin ligases in clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-edited E6AP-knockout human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged HPV-18E6. We found a number of ubiquitin ligases that increase the expression of GFP-tagged 18E6 upon their knockdown in the absence of E6AP. Upon validation of the interaction of 18E6 with these ubiquitin ligases in cervical cancer-derived cell lines, we found that the knockdown of ubiquitin ligase F-box protein 4 (FBXO4), together with E6AP knockdown, leads to a dramatic increase in the levels of endogenous HPV-18E6 oncoprotein. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that the combined knockdown of FBXO4 and E6AP not only rescues the protein levels of E6 but also induces high levels of cell death in a p53-dependent manner in the HPV-positive cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. These results indicate a close interplay between FBXO4, E6AP, and p53 in the regulation of cell survival in HPV-positive cervical tumor-derived cells.

IMPORTANCE
E6-associated protein (E6AP)-mediated stabilization of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 plays a crucial role in the development and progression of cervical and other HPV-associated cancers. This study, for the first time, identifies a novel ubiquitin ligase, FBXO4 that targets the degradation of HPV E6 oncoprotein in the absence of E6AP in cervical cancer-derived cell lines. This may have significant implications for our understanding of HPV-associated cancers by providing deeper insights into the intricate interplay between viral proteins and host cellular machinery and the development of targeted therapies.
The pneumococcal bacteriocin streptococcin B is produced as part of the early competence cascade and promotes intraspecies competition
Authors: Richardson J. D. , Guo Emily , Wyllie Ryan M. , Jensen Paul , Dawid Suzanne 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is an important human pathogen that normally resides in the human nasopharynx. Competence-mediated bacteriocin expression by
S. pneumoniae
plays a major role in both the establishment and persistence of colonization on this polymicrobial surface. Over 20 distinct bacteriocin loci have been identified in pneumococcal genomes, but only a small number have been characterized phenotypically. In this work, we demonstrate that three-fourths of
S. pneumoniae
strains contain a highly conserved
scb
locus that encodes an active lactococcin 972-like bacteriocin called streptococcin B. In these backgrounds, the
scbABC
locus is part of the early competence cascade due to a ComE binding site in the promoter region. Streptococcin B producing strains target both members of the population that have failed to activate competence and the 25% of the population that carry a naturally occurring deletion of the ComE binding site and the functional bacteriocin gene. The ComR-type regulator found directly upstream of the
scb
locus in
S. pneumoniae
strains can activate
scb
expression independent of the presence of the ComE binding site but only when stimulated by a peptide that is encoded in the
scb
locus of
Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae
, a closely related bacterium that also inhabits the human nasopharynx. Given the co-regulation with competence and the phenotypic confirmation of activity, streptococcin B represents a previously unrecognized fratricide effector that gives producing strains an additional advantage over the naturally occurring deleted strains during colonization.

IMPORTANCE

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is a common cause of pneumonia, meningitis, sinusitis, and otitis media. In order to successfully colonize humans, a prerequisite to the development of invasive disease,
S. pneumoniae
must compete with other bacterial inhabitants of the nasal surface for space and nutrients. Bacteriocins are small antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria that typically target neighboring bacteria by disruption of the cell surface.
S. pnuemoniae
encodes a large number of potential bacteriocin, but, for most, their role in competitive interactions has not been defined. This work demonstrates that isolates that produce the bacteriocin streptococcin B have an advantage over non-producers. These observations contribute to our understanding of the competitive interactions that precede the development of
S. pneumoniae
disease.