bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma levels of one‐carbon metabolism nutrients in women with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Burdo Jessica , Booij Linda , Kahan Esther , Thaler Lea , Israël Mimi , Agellon Luis B. , Nitschmann Evan , Wykes Linda , Steiger Howard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivePeople who are ill with anorexia nervosa (AN) show altered availability of key plasma nutrients. However, little is known about the patterning of alterations that occurs across diverse nutrients during active phases of illness or about the persistence of any such alterations following remission of illness.MethodWe compared plasma levels of one‐carbon metabolism nutrients across women with active AN (AN‐Active: n = 53), in remission from AN (AN‐Remitted: n = 40), or who had no eating‐disorder history (NED: n = 36). We also tested associations between body mass index (BMI) changes and changes in pre‐ to posttreatment nutrient levels, and explored the association between nutrient levels, on the one hand, and BMI and eating symptoms, on the other. Choline, betaine, and methionine were analyzed using mass spectrometry. Folate and B12 were analyzed using the AccuBind® ELISA kit. Eating‐disorder symptoms were assessed by interview and self‐report.ResultsCompared to NED individuals, AN‐Active individuals exhibited significantly elevated B12 and (less‐reliably) betaine. In AN‐Active individuals, lower BMI was associated with higher B12.DiscussionThe observed alterations run contrary to the intuition that plasma nutrient levels should be directly responsive to nutritional status and suggest, instead, the existence of compensatory adaptations to malnutrition in individuals with active AN. Further study is required to clarify mechanisms that underlie such effects.
Genetic structure among morphotypes of the endangered Brazilian palm Euterpe edulis Mart (Arecaceae)
Authors: Coelho Gislaine Mendes , Santos Alesandro Souza , de Menezes Ivandilson Pessoa Pinto , Tarazi Roberto , Souza Fernanda Maria Oliveira , Silva Maria das Graças Conceição Parada Costa , Gaiotto Fernanda Amato 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEuterpe edulis (Arecaceae) Mart has high ecological and economic importance providing food resources for more than 58 species of birds and 20 species of mammals, including humans. E. edulis is the second most exploited nontimber product from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Due to overexploitation and destruction of habitats, E. edulis is threatened by extinction. Euterpe edulis populations have large morphological variations, with individuals having green, red, or yellow leaf sheath. However, no study has related phenotypic distinctions between populations and their levels of genetic structure. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of different E. edulis morphotypes. We sampled 250 adult individuals in eight populations with the different morphotypes. Using 14 microsatellite markers, we access genetic diversity through population genetic parameters calculated in the GenAlex program and the diveRsity package in R. We used the Wilcoxon test to verify population bottlenecks and the genetic distance of Nei and Bayesian analysis for genetic clusters. The eight populations showed low allele richness, low observed heterozygosity, and high inbreeding values (f). In addition, six of the eight populations experienced genetic bottlenecks, which would partly explain the low genetic diversity in populations. Cluster analysis identified two clusters (K = 2), with green morphotype genetically distinguishing from yellow and red morphotypes. Thus, we show, for the first time, a strong genetic structure among E. edulis morphotypes even for geographically close populations.
The relative performance of sampling methods for native bees: an empirical test and review of the literature
Authors: Prendergast Kit S. , Menz Myles H. M. , Dixon Kingsley W. , Bateman Philip W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMany bee species are declining globally, but to detect trends and monitor bee assemblages, robust sampling methods are required. Numerous sampling methods are used, but a critical review of their relative effectiveness is lacking. Moreover, evidence suggests the relative effectiveness of sampling methods depends on habitat, yet efficacy in urban areas has yet to be evaluated. This study compared the bee community documented using observational records, targeted netting, mobile gardens, pan traps (blue and yellow), vane traps (blue and yellow), and trap‐nests. The comparative surveys of native bees and honeybees were undertaken in an urbanized region of the southwest Australian biodiversity hot spot. The outcomes of the study were then compared to a synthesis based on a comprehensive literature review of studies where two or more bee sampling methods were conducted. Observational records far exceeded all other methods in terms of abundance of bees recorded, but were unable to distinguish finer taxonomic levels. Of methods that captured individuals, thereby permitting taxonomic identification, targeted sweep netting vastly outperformed the passive sampling methods, yielding a total of 1324 individuals, representing 131 taxonomic units—even when deployed over a shorter duration. The relative effectiveness of each method differed according to taxon. From the analysis of the literature, there was high variability in relative effectiveness of methods, but targeted sweep netting and blue vane traps tended to be most effective, in accordance with results from this study. However, results from the present study differed from most previous studies in the extremely low catch rates in pan traps. Species using trap‐nests represented only a subset of all potential cavity‐nesters, and their relative abundances in the trap‐nests differed from those in the field. Mobile gardens were relatively ineffective at attracting bees. For urbanized habitat within this biodiversity hot spot, targeted sweep netting is indispensable for obtaining a comprehensive indication of native bee assemblages; passive sampling methods alone recorded only a small fraction of the native bee community. Overall, a combination of methods should be used for sampling bee communities, as each has their own biases, and certain taxa were well represented in some methods, but poorly represented in others.
A hierarchical framework for estimating abundance and population growth from imperfectly observed removals
Authors: Stevens Bryan S. , Bence James R. , Luukkonen David R. , Porter William F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEstimating abundance and growth of animal populations are central tasks in ecology and natural resource management. Removal models for estimating abundance have a long history in applied ecology, and recent developments provided hierarchical extensions that account for spatially replicated sampling and heterogeneous capture probabilities. Measurement error is common to removal data collected from many broad‐scale monitoring programs, however, and a general framework for population assessment using removal data in the presence of measurement error is lacking. We developed a hierarchical framework for estimating abundance and population trends from removal experiments that are replicated in space and time that accommodates measurement error, as well as heterogeneity in capture probability and animal density. We describe the model for variable‐effort removal sampling and use it to estimate region‐specific abundance and population trends for wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Michigan, USA. We used a Bayesian approach for estimation and inference and fit models using daily hunter harvest and effort estimates collected over 5 management regions for 14 annual hunting seasons. Our analyses provide evidence for spatially heterogeneous capture probabilities among regions and turkey densities that were heterogeneous in both space and time, and show that populations increased slightly over the study. Our framework provides a general approach for population assessment using removal data that are collected over broad scales in resource management contexts (e.g., animal harvesting), facilitating formal abundance estimation instead of reliance on unverified indices for tracking populations of managed species. Thus, we provide a useful tool for monitoring programs to assess populations over broad scales, and therefore inform decision makers about population status at spatial scales similar to those for which regulatory decisions are made.
Seasonal and interannual variations in functional traits of sown and spontaneous species in vineyard inter‐rows
Authors: Garcia Léo , Damour Gaëlle , Kazakou Elena , Fried Guillaume , Bopp Marie‐Charlotte , Metay Aurélie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe trait‐based approach can address questions in order to understand how the functioning of organisms scales up to that of ecosystems and controls some of the services they deliver to humans, including in agriculture. However, the importance of interspecific vs the intraspecific trait variability (ITV) for classifying species according to their traits in agrosystems on a large diversity of pedoclimatic situations and cropping systems remains still open. Here, we addressed three questions: How do measured traits vary across years and seasons? Are species rankings conserved across years and season? And which traits and species are the more stable and repeatable for sown and spontaneous species? We conducted a two‐year experiment in a vineyard, and we measured four leaf and plant functional traits of 14 sown species and 43 spontaneous species that grew among sown species. Traits were measured at two key phenological stages for grapevine: budburst and flowering during two successive years with contrasted rainfall (2017 and 2018). We studied seasonal and interannual trait variations, rankings between species, and variance partitioning. The species factor explained the greatest part of trait variations across years and seasons. Sown and spontaneous species traits varied in the same way, and traits related to plant dry matter contents were the more stable across periods. Moreover, species rankings were conserved across years and seasons for all traits except plant height. Sown species showed better ranking conservation than spontaneous species overall. The trait‐based approach seems promising for the comparison of various cropping systems involving sown and spontaneous species, and may help identifying service crop species related to specific agroecosystem services. Further research is needed to bring more knowledge on trait variations under a diversity of agrosystems, and to improve theoretical frameworks that would help the design of sustainable agrosystems that provide multiple ecosystem services.
On the mechanistic understanding of predator feeding behavior using the functional response concept
Authors: Papanikolaou Nikos E. , Broufas George D. , Papachristos Dimitrios P. , Pappas Maria L. , Kyriakaki Chara , Samaras Konstantinos , Kypraios Theodore 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFunctional response models describe the relationship between prey density and per capita prey consumption rate by a predator. Type II functional responses, in which density‐dependent predation occurs via a decelerating feeding rate, seem to prevail in nature and are commonly described by Holling’s disk equation. In the derivation of the disk equation, Holling did not include digestion time. Although some authors have later extended the interpretation of handling time by also including digestion time, this violates the key assumption of the disk equation that the processes of searching for and handling prey are mutually exclusive. The steady‐state satiation (SSS) equation is a functional response model that discriminates between handling and digestion time. The application of the SSS equation is underutilized so far in the ecological literature, probably due to its complexity. In this study, we first tested the viability of the SSS equation. Second, we investigated the mechanistic basis of the SSS equation, comparing the model’s predictions with directly observed data. For this purpose, we used predator–prey systems of different taxa, that is, the ladybird beetle Hippodamia variegata preying on the aphid Aphis fabae, the lacewing Chrysoperla agilis preying on the aphid Myzus persicae, and the predatory mite Iphiseius degenerans preying on the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. Our results show that the SSS equation is viable and can realistically describe type II functional response. In all predator–prey systems we tested, the model fitted the data reasonably well and provided realistic estimation of its parameters.
Optimization and analysis of a bioelectricity generation supply chain under routine and disruptive uncertainty and carbon mitigation policies
Authors: Saghaei Mahsa , Dehghanimadvar Mohammad , Soleimani Hamed , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreasing greenhouse gas emissions and negative environmental consequences have raised worldwide attention to ecological issues. The development of carbon regulations (CRs) beside carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems is part of carbon mitigation policies (CMPs), which are following in recent years to control and manage carbon liberation. Along with environemtal policies, the utilization of renewable energy resources have been promoted significantly. However, the economic opportunities for renewable energy development considering CMPs have not addressed extensively. In this study, a stochastic mathematical programming model has been presented to minimize cost and downside risk (DSR) of the bioelectricity generation supply chain considering the pre‐ and postdisaster conditions. The role of several CMPs on the economic behavior of the system has been analyzed by investigating the potential uncertainties on material availability, material quality, and consumer demand. To consider disruption effects, the postdisaster stage has been classified into several substages including damage, recovery, and back to the sustainability stages. Mississippi State after the Katrina Hurricane is addressed as a case study to examine the performance of the proposed model. The results demonstrated that the occurrence of disruptive uncertainties creates 8,978,502 $, 8,864,335 $ and 8,884,055 $ as the DSR, under carbon tax policy (CTP), carbon offset policy (COP), and CCS, respectively. The effect of disruptive scenario

with a 15% reduction of resource has led to the greatest postdisaster supply chain costs in comparison with other scenarios. Although the financial analysis showed CTP has the greatest DSR after the occurrence of disaster, this policy has the most investment attractions, as well as COP, with the internal rate of return (IRR) of 9%. While implementing the CCS policy with the IRR of 2% creates 7% missed opportunity costs compared with other CMPs.
Volatility specifications versus probability distributions in VaR forecasting
Authors: Garcia‐Jorcano Laura , Novales Alfonso 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe provide evidence suggesting that the assumption on the probability distribution for return innovations is more influential for value‐at‐risk (VaR) performance than the conditional volatility specification. We also show that some recently proposed asymmetric probability distributions and the APARCH and FGARCH volatility specifications beat more standard alternatives for VaR forecasting, and they should be preferred when estimating tail risk. The flexibility of the free power parameter in conditional volatility in the APARCH and FGARCH models explains their better performance. Indeed, our estimates suggest that for a number of financial assets the dynamics of volatility should be specified in terms of the conditional standard deviation. We draw our results on VaR forecasting performance from (i) a variety of backtesting approaches, (ii) the model confidence set approach, as well as (iii) establishing a ranking among alternative VaR models using a precedence criterion that we introduce in this paper.
Extraction and structural analysis of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide with low molecular weight and its lipid‐lowering effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Ma Ping , Sun Congyong , Li Wenjing , Deng Wenwen , Adu‐Frimpong Michael , Yu Jiangnan , Xu Ximing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the prevalent and typical chronic liver diseases. In this study, we extracted a novel Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) with low molecular weight (MW) of 3.2 kDa through optimized “one‐step” purification process. The major monosaccharide components of ASP were mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, arabinose, and xylose with weight ratio of 0.23:0.17:14.41:0.39:1.68:0.87, respectively. Herein, “small” ASP could serve as an effective therapeutic option for NAFLD both in free fatty acid‐induced L02 models and in high‐fat diet‐induced mice models. Results revealed that low MW ASP dose‐dependently decreased TG, TC in vitro and TG, TC, ALT, HDL‐C, and LDL‐C in vivo. Oil Red O‐positive area and Nile red fluorescence intensity decreased in ASP treatment groups both in vitro and in vivo which suggested ASP could reduce lipid accumulation and fatty regeneration. Hematoxylin–eosin staining results shown a decrease in hepatocytes ballooning indicating that ASP could ameliorate liver lipid degeneration. Briefly, a novel polysaccharide with low MW was successfully obtained which can prospectively act as NAFLD therapy.
Research advances on sake rice, koji, and sake yeast: A review
Authors: Zhang Kaizheng , Wu Wenchi , Yan Qin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSake is the national alcoholic beverage of Japan, and its history can be traced back more than 1300 years. With the development and maturity of the sake‐brewing technique, a unique flavor and taste gradually formed, which led to its wide use in Japan and internationally. This paper reviews and discusses the research advances of sake rice, koji, and sake yeast. The various enzymes and involved genes of microbes in the rice koji, and the separation/breeding of sake yeasts are expounded particularly. Moreover, the fields where further research is required are presented. Therefore, this review presents recent comprehensive research details of sake's ingredients and the involved study perspectives.
Liquidity shocks, commodity financialization, and market comovements
Authors: Hu Conghui , Li Zhibing , Liu Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe explore whether and how liquidity factors influence risk transfers between commodity and stock markets using a composite liquidity index and five different types of liquidity measures. We find that liquidity shocks, including both funding liquidity and market liquidity, are positively associated with comovements between commodity and stock markets after 2000, although the relationship is insignificant before 2000. The structural change indicates that financialization creates a role for adverse liquidity shocks to increase cross‐market correlations. Further evidence shows that the effect of liquidity on cross‐market correlations is state‐dependent and intensifies when liquidity conditions deteriorate and asset returns sustain substantial declines. Our findings are not explained by business cycles.
Head and neck oncologic surgery in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Our experience in a deep south tertiary care center
Authors: Morrison Daniel R. , Gentile Christopher , McCammon Susan , Buczek Erin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe ongoing worldwide pandemic due to COVID‐19 has forced drastic changes on the daily lives of the global population. This is most notable within the health care sector. The current paper outlines the response of the head and neck oncologic surgery (HNS) division within our academic otolaryngology department in the state of Alabama.MethodsData with regard to case numbers and types were obtained during the pandemic and compared with time matched data. Our overall approach to managing previously scheduled and new cases, personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization, outpatient clinic, and resident involvement is summarized.DiscussionOur HNS division saw a 55% reduction in surgical volume during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. We feel that an early and cohesive strategy to triaging surgical cases, PPE usage, and minimizing exposure of personnel is essential to providing care for HNS patients during this pandemic.
Rapid human‐derived iPSC osteogenesis combined with three‐dimensionally printed Ti6Al4V scaffolds for the repair of bone defects
Authors: Yu Lingjia , Yang Yong , Zhang Bin , Bai Xiaofeng , Fei Qi , Zhang Lei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHuman‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells used for bone regeneration. However, the current osteogenically induced methods for iPSCs are slow and complex. We have used retinoic acid (RA) to induce osteogenic iPSCs within 10 days and assess whether a rapid differentiation could improve the osteogenic potential of the three‐dimensionally printed Ti6Al4V (3DTi) scaffolds. First, the osteogenic differentiation of iPSCs was induced with RA, and the osteogenic potential of iPSCs was evaluated using standard assays. In addition, a 5‐mm mandibular bone defect was generated in rats and was repaired with 3DTi scaffolds that were seeded with iPSC‐induced osteoblasts. The capacity of seeded scaffolds for the enhancement of bone regeneration in vivo was assessed. Finally, we tested the potential mechanisms of RA‐dependent iPSC bone induction and its effect on the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. The results showed that iPSCs could form osteocytes within 10 days. Animal experiments confirmed that rapid osteo‐induced iPSCs could enhance the bone regeneration and osteointegration capacity of the 3DTi scaffolds. Mechanistically, RA could activate the AKT/GSK3β/β‐catenin pathway during the process of iPSCs osteogenesis. The rapid osteoinduction of iPSCs combined with 3DTi scaffolds is a safe, effective, and reproducible method for repairing mandibular bone defects.