bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les fils d’affranchis dans l’Ordo Pompeianus
Authors: Łoś Andrzej 
Published: March 2020

L’analyse de la documentation pompéienne conduit l’A. à rejoindre la position de P. Castrén sur la composition sociale de la classe dirigeante de Pompéi à la fin des Julio-Claudiens et sous les Flaviens (mais pour des motifs non identiques) ; la seconde moitié du Ier siècle av. J.-C. a vu la croissance du rôle politique des descendants d’affranchis. Ce phénomène devrait s’expliquer par une érosion progressive de la place occupée par la plebs ingenua dans la société romaine du Ier siècle de notre ère ; c’est l’évolution économique et sociale de l’Italie qui justifie ce paradoxe : les anciens esclaves et leurs enfants avaient plus de chance de parvenir au succès (sur le plan économique puis social et enfin politique) que les plébéiens de naissance libre ; ainsi, tous les agriculteurs que Pline citait en modèle à son époque étaient des affranchis qui. par leur dynamisme et leur capacité à s’adapter aux nouvelles conditions d’exploitation de la terre, pouvaient ainsi voir ouvrir la porte des curies pour leurs descendants.
Ultrasound assisted synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-antipyrine hybrids and their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities
Authors: Kaping Shunan , Sunn Melboureen , Singha Laishram Indira , Vishwakarma Jai Narain 
Published: March 2020

A series of antipyrinyl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines have been synthesized by reactions of aminopyrazole (4) with various formylated active proton compounds in the presence of KHSO4 (aqueous media), under ultrasound irradiation. The structures of the compounds have been established with the help of spectral and analytical data. N-(1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-7-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (6a) was further subjected to X-ray crystallographic studies to avoid any ambiguity of the derived structures. Crystal data for compound 6a, C51H46N12O5 (M =907.00 g/mol): triclinic, space group P-1 (no. 2), a = 9.9554(3) Å, b = 14.0875(4) Å, c = 17.4572(4) Å, α = 79.676(2)°, β = 85.283(2)°, γ = 72.647(2)°, V = 2297.97(11) Å3, Z = 2, T = 296.15 K, μ(MoKα) = 0.088 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.311 g/cm3, 29732 reflections measured (4.174° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 57.068°), 10681 unique (Rint = 0.0400, Rsigma = 0.0533) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0566 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1663 (all data). The novel compounds were also screened for their biological activities.
Ground-based observations of cloud and drizzle liquid water path in stratocumulus clouds
Authors: Cadeddu Maria P. , Ghate Virendra P. , Mech Mario 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The partition of cloud and drizzle water path in precipitating clouds plays a key role in determining the cloud lifetime and its evolution.
A technique to quantify cloud and drizzle water path by combining measurements from a three-channel microwave radiometer (23.8, 30, and
90 GHz) with those from a vertically pointing Doppler cloud radar and a ceilometer is presented. The technique is showcased using 1 d of
observations to derive precipitable water vapor, liquid water path, cloud water path, drizzle water path below the cloud base, and drizzle water
path above the cloud base in precipitating stratocumulus clouds. The resulting cloud and drizzle water path within the cloud are in good qualitative
agreement with the information extracted from the radar Doppler spectra. The technique is then applied to 10 d each of precipitating closed and
open cellular marine stratocumuli. In the closed-cell systems only ∼20 % of the available drizzle in the cloud falls below the cloud base,
compared to ∼40 % in the open-cell systems. In closed-cell systems precipitation is associated with radiative cooling at the cloud top
<-100Wm-2 and a liquid water path >200 g m−2. However, drizzle in the cloud begins to exist at weak radiative cooling
and liquid water path >∼150 g m−2. Our results collectively demonstrate that neglecting scattering effects for frequencies at and
above 90 GHz leads to overestimation of the total liquid water path of about 10 %–15 %, while their inclusion paves the path for
retrieving drizzle properties within the cloud.
Doppler lidar at Observatoire de Haute-Provence for wind profiling up to 75 km altitude: performance evaluation and observations
Authors: Khaykin Sergey M. , Hauchecorne Alain , Wing Robin , Keckhut Philippe , Godin-Beekmann Sophie , Porteneuve Jacques , Mariscal Jean-Francois , Schmitt Jerome 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. A direct-detection Rayleigh–Mie Doppler lidar for measuring horizontal
wind speed in the middle atmosphere (10 to 50 km altitude) has
been deployed at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) in southern
France starting from 1993. After a recent upgrade, the instrument gained the
capacity of wind profiling between 5 and 75 km altitude with
vertical resolution up to 115 m and temporal resolution up to
5 min. The lidar comprises a monomode Nd:Yag laser emitting at
532 nm, three telescope assemblies and a double-edge
Fabry–Pérot interferometer for detection of the Doppler shift in the
backscattered light. In this article, we describe the instrument
design, recap retrieval methodology and provide an updated error
estimate for horizontal wind. The evaluation of the wind lidar
performance is done using a series of 12 time-coordinated
radiosoundings conducted at OHP. A point-by-point intercomparison
shows a remarkably small average bias of 0.1 m s−1 between
the lidar and the radiosonde wind profiles with a standard deviation
of 2.3 m s−1. We report examples of a weekly and an hourly
observation series, reflecting various dynamical events in the middle
atmosphere, such as a sudden stratospheric warming event in January
2019 and an occurrence of a stationary gravity wave, generated by the
flow over the Alps. A qualitative comparison between the wind profiles
from the lidar and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System is also
discussed. Finally, we present an example of early validation of the
European Space Agency (ESA) Aeolus space-borne wind lidar using its ground-based predecessor.
A deep insight into the Ion Foreshock with the help of Test-particles
Two-dimensional simulations
Authors: Savoini Philippe , Lembege Bertrand 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Two dimensional test-particles simulations based on shock profiles issued from 2D full PIC simulations are used in order to analyze the formation processes of ions backstreaming within the upstream region after these interact with a quasi-perpendicular curved shock front. Two different types of simulations have been performed based on (i) a FCE (Full Consistent Expansion) model which includes all self-consistent shock profiles at different times, and (ii) a HE (Homothetic Expansion) model where shock profiles are fixed at certain times and artificially expanded in space. The comparison of both configurations allows to analyze the impact of the front non stationarity on the backstreaming population. Moreover, the role of the space charge electric field is analyzed by switching it in/off in the simulations. A detailled comparison of these two last different configurations allows to show that the electric field component plays a key role in the ion reflection process within the whole quasi-perpendicular propagation range. Simulations evidence that the different populations observed in-situ namely the FAB (Field-Aligned Beam) and GBP (Gyro-Phase Bunch) populations are essentially formed by a E→t × B→ drift involving the convective electric field E→t. Simultaneously, the study emphasizes the leading role of the electrostatic (longitudinal) field E→l built up within the shock front in the acceleration process in addition to the magnetic mirror reflection (Fast Fermi). This electrostatic field component appears as essential to form backstreaming ions at high θBn angles and in particular at the edge of the ion foreshock around 70°. Moreover, the HE model shows that the rate BI% of reflected ions is strongly dependent on the shock front profile which varies because of the shock front non stationarity. In particular, reflected ions appear to escape periodically from the shock front as bursts with an occurrence time period associated to the self-reformation of the shock front.
Migrating and non-migrating tides observed in the stratosphere from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC temperature retrievals
Authors: Das Uma , Ward William E. , Pan Chen Jeih , Das Sanat Kumar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Formosa Satellite-3 and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) temperature data during October 2009–December 2010 are analysed for tides in the middle atmosphere from ∼10 to 50 km. COSMIC is a set of six micro-satellites in near-Sun-synchronous orbits with 30∘ orbital separations that provides good phase space sampling of tides. Short-term tidal variability is deduced by considering ±10 d data together. The migrating diurnal (DW1) tide is found to peak over the Equator at 30 km. It maximises and slightly shifts poleward during winters. Over middle and high latitudes, DW1 and the non-migrating diurnal tides with wavenumber 0 (DS0) and wavenumber 2 (DW2) are intermittent in nature. Numerical experiments in the current study show that these could be a result of aliasing as they are found to occur at times of a steep rise or fall in the mean temperature, particularly during the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) of 2010. Further, the stationary planetary wave component of wavenumber 1 (SPW1) is found to be of very large amplitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, reaching 18 K at 30 km over 65∘ N. By using data from COSMIC over shorter durations, it is shown that aliasing between stationary planetary wave and non-migrating tides is reduced and thus results in the large amplitudes of the former. This study clearly indicates that non-linear interactions are not a very important source for the generation of non-migrating tides in the middle- and high-latitude winter stratosphere. There is also a modulation of SPW1 by a ∼60 d oscillation in the high latitudes, which was not seen earlier.
Semimonthly oscillation observed in the start times of equatorial plasma bubbles
Authors: Paulino Igo , Paulino Ana Roberta , Cueva Ricardo Y. C. , Agyei-Yeboah Ebenezer , Buriti Ricardo Arlen , Takahashi Hisao , Wrasse Cristiano Max , Santos Ângela M. , Fragoso de Medeiros Amauri , Batista Inez S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Using airglow data from an all-sky imager deployed at São João do Cariri (7.4∘ S, 36.5∘ W), the start times of equatorial plasma bubbles was studied in order to investigate the day-to-day variability of this phenomenon. Data from a period over 10 years were analyzed from 2000 to 2010. Semimonthly oscillations were clearly observed in the start times of plasma bubbles from OI6300 airglow images during this period of observation, and four case studies (September 2003, September–October 2005, November 2005 and January 2008) were chosen to show in detail this kind of modulation. Since the airglow measurements are not continuous in time, more than one cycle of oscillation in the start times of plasma bubbles cannot be observed from these data. Thus, data from a digisonde at São Luís (2.6∘ S, 44.2∘ W) in November 2005 were used to corroborate the results. Technical/climate issues did not allow one to observe the semimonthly oscillations simultaneously by the two instruments, but from October to November 2005 there was a predominance of this oscillation in the start times of the irregularities over Brazil. Besides, statistical analysis for the data in the whole period of observation has shown that the lunar tide, which has semimonthly variability, is likely the main forcing for the semimonthly oscillation in the start times of equatorial plasma bubbles. The presence of this oscillation can contribute to the day-to-day variability of equatorial plasma bubbles.
Patterns of Physical Activity and Self-rated Health Among Adult Populations in South Asia
Authors: Yaya Sanni , Bishwajit Ghose 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Although South Asians are considered to be at high risk for cardiovascular diseases, research evidence on the health impacts of physical activity (PA) remains very limited. In this study we aimed to explore the patterns of PA and to investigate whether engaging in regular PA is associated with better Self-Rated Health (SRH) among South Asians.Methods: Cross-sectional data on population health were drawn from the World Health Survey of WHO. Subjects were 28,020 male and female South Asians (from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka) aged 18 years and above. Data were analysed using descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses.Results: The proportion of the sample population reported good SRH was 44.3%, 58.7%, 37.7%, and 73.7% in Bangladeshis, Indians, Nepalese, and Sri Lankans, respectively. Regular engagement in moderate PA was highest in Nepal (69.7%) and lowest in Bangladesh (37.4%). Vigorous PA was highest in India (29.9%) and lowest in Bangladesh (17.9%). In Bangladesh, compared to those never engaged in MPA, those who engaged for 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, or 7 days a week were 30% [AOR=1.306; 95%CI 1.085-1.572], 33% [AOR=1.326; 95%CI 1.093-1.609], 39% [AOR=1.389; 95%CI 1.125-1.716], and 46% [AOR=1.459; 95%CI 1.249-1.705] more likely to report being in good health, respectively.Conclusions: We found that self-reported engagement in physical activities varies in South Asian countries. Since engaging in PA may help improve subjective and objective health status, health policy makers need to focus on designing exercise-friendly neighbourhoods in an attempt to promote population health.
Outcome analysis of patients with Peyronie’s disease who elect for vacuum erection device therapy
Authors: MacDonald Landan P. , Armstrong M. Luke , Lehmann Kyle J. , Acker Matthew R. , Langille Gavin M. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Peyronie’s disease (PD) affects approximately 0.7–11% of men1 and has numerous proposed treatments. Invasive management options include surgical or injectable therapy, while penile traction therapy with vacuum erection device (VED) represents a noninvasive approach. Our objective is to assess outcomes for patients with PD who opt for noninvasive management.
Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis for patients with PD who were followed for at least three months and opted for non-invasive therapy. All patients were instructed to initiate VED traction therapy for 10 minutes twice per day. Patients were assessed for degree of PD deformity and erectile function (Sexual Health Inventory for Men [SHIM] score) at initial and subsequent encounters.
Results: Fifty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 57 (12) years, and the mean (SD) duration of PD prior to assessment was 25 (15) months. The mean (SD) duration of followup was 14 (11) months. Among untreated patients who did not use a VED, nine showed improvement, 20 remained stable, and four had worsening curvature. The untreated group had a significant change in curvature, with a mean improvement (SD) of 3.6 (12)º (p=0.048). All 20 men who initiated VED traction therapy had an improvement in curvature with a significant mean (SD) improvement of 23 (16)º (p=2.6x10-6). Changes in SHIM scores did vary significantly between groups. No complications were noted.
Conclusions: In patients who opt for non-invasive management of PD, VED traction therapy provides improved curvature resolution compared to those who do not use such a device. The limitations of this study include the retrospective nature and a small sample size at a single treatment center.
Post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for non-seminomatous germ cell tumors: A single-surgeon, Canadian experience
Authors: King Joshua , Kawakami Jun , Heng Daniel , Gan Chun Loo 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PCRPLND) has a well-established role in the management of residual retroperitoneal masses >1cm in patients with advanced non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). Herein, we report our singlesurgeon surgical experience in a Canadian tertiary hospital.
Methods: We identified 57 patients with NSGCT who received primary chemotherapy and PCRPLND from 2010–2016. Surgical complication rate was graded with Clavien-Dindo classification. Chi-squared testing was used in testing for differences in proportion of PCRPLND tumor histology vs. the historical cohorts. Chi-squared testing was also used to analyze the association between primary orchiectomy tumor histology and postchemotherapy residual mass (PCRM) tumor histology.
Results: The overall complication rate was 23% (n=13), of which four were Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb and one was grade IVa. Fourteen percent of patients required additional procedure for resection of adjacent organs intraoperatively. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of PCRPLND tumor histologies (chi-squared p=0.0187), with a lower rate of viable tumor (7%) and higher rate of teratoma (63%) compared to historical cohorts. The absence of teratoma in the primary orchiectomy specimen was associated with the findings of fibrotic/necrotic tissue in the PCRM (chi-squared p=0.0005).
Conclusions: Our series demonstrated that the rate of viable tumor in PCRM appears lower than published historical series, and this possibly reflects the improvement in chemotherapy delivery in a contemporary series. The high rate of teratoma in the PCRM calls for ongoing need for PCRPLND. Grade III and IV surgical complications are considered rare in our series.
Rapid-Infusion Rituximab in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Gaffney Kelly J. , Dahl Elizabeth M. , Stanton Michael P. , Starek Elizabeth , Zembillas Anthony S. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES The use of rapid rituximab infusion in certain pediatric populations has generally been regarded as safe. The safety of our institution's rapid rituximab protocol was evaluated.
METHODS The primary end point was the number of and severity of adverse drug reactions. Secondary end points included a description of the patient population defined by the indication, dose, and number of rituximab infusions administered. Additionally, the difference in infusion times in hours of those receiving rapid rituximab infusions versus the theoretical infusion time of subsequent administration rate schedules was defined.
RESULTS A total of 88 infusions for 22 patients were reviewed. No dose-limiting adverse reactions were observed. Three patients experienced grade 1 isolated infusion-related adverse events during a single infusion encounter. Two of the three patients received additional doses of rapid rituximab infusions without incident, whereas the other patient no longer required rituximab therapy.
CONCLUSIONS The use of a 90-minute rituximab infusion protocol in pediatric patients with non-rheumatic diseases was well tolerated.
Time to Stable Dose of Psychostimulants in Pediatric Patients With ADHD
Authors: Pasadyn Selena R. , Giuliano Kimberly , LaBianca Deanna , Manos Michael 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES The prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing and psychostimulants are the pharmacological standard of care. Patients benefit most when there is efficient titration to a stable dose of medication as defined by maintaining that same dose for 6 months. The aims of this study were to describe time to stable dose in a cohort of children with ADHD and examine the impact of demographic factors.
METHODS A list of pediatric patients with a diagnosis of ADHD in the electronic health record was generated, and a retrospective chart review of stimulant use was conducted on 500 patients randomly selected from 2010 to 2015 who met inclusion criteria. Time to stable dosing and its association with demographic characteristics were assessed.
RESULTS Patients were predominantly male (72%), white (81%), and privately insured (67%). Fifty-five percent of patients achieved a stable dose of medication on first attempt; therefore, the median time to stable dosing for the cohort was 0 days with the interquartile range being 0 to 133.8 days. There was significant increase in time to stable dose for patients younger than 10 years compared with those ≥10 years of age (p = 0.01). Time to stable dose was not significantly associated with race (p = 0.13), sex (p = 0.72), type of insurance (p = 0.56), or formulation being immediate or extended release (p = 0.56).
CONCLUSIONS Many patients had long titration periods when trying to reach a stable dose. Given that medication switching can be challenging for patients and families, more frequent contact with providers during titration may be necessary.
Caffeine Citrate for the Prevention of Apnea Associated With Alprostadil Infusions
Authors: Higgins Kristi L. , Buck Marcia L. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence of apnea and requirement for positive pressure ventilation in patients who received caffeine for prevention while receiving alprostadil compared with those who did not receive caffeine.
METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective study of patients who received alprostadil over a 7-year time frame. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they received caffeine for prevention of apnea while receiving alprostadil. The incidence of apnea and requirements for positive pressure ventilation were recorded.
RESULTS A total of 64 patients who received alprostadil were included for review. Thirty-two patients received caffeine for the prevention of apnea, and 32 patients received alprostadil only. Alprostadil doses were similar between the 2 groups (0.04–0.05 mcg/kg/min). Seven patients had a documented apneic event; 3 in the group given caffeine and 4 in the control group. One patient in each group required intubation because of apnea. All patients with documented apnea were on low-dose alprostadil therapy (&lt;0.05 mcg/kg/min). Three patients had apnea after dose reductions had been made. Six out of the seven patients experienced apnea within the first 24 hours after the infusion. Only 1 patient experienced multiple apneic events.
CONCLUSIONS In this small sample, there was no difference in incidence of apnea between patients on low-dose alprostadil who received caffeine for prevention and those who did not. Despite the use of low-dose alprostadil therapy and dose reductions, the incidence of apnea remains low, and most patients did not have repeated apneic events or require intubation.
Théorie de l’action et histoire de la traduction : de l’intention du traducteur médical au xixe siècle
Authors: Olivier-Bonfils Delphine 
Published: March 2020

Révélée en traductologie par le courant fonctionnaliste, la théorie de l’action de Wright (1963) offre un cadre de réflexion pertinent en histoire de la traduction en posant que l’intention de l’agent est consubstantielle à son action et en définissant les déterminants de cette intention. Appliquée au traducteur dans une perspective historique, cette théorie offre les outils conceptuels permettant de modéliser l’intention selon son objet, c’est-à-dire le résultat de l’action. Il s’agit alors d’explorer différentes dimensions de l’action du traducteur en envisageant les évènements successifs qui la constituent, de ses antécédents causaux à ses conséquences. Nous utilisons cette théorie comme cadre de réflexion en la situant dans l’approche historique de Lépinette (1997), et la mettons à l’épreuve pour étudier les intentions respectives des traducteurs français de deux auteurs princeps anglais, l’un physiologiste (Charles Bell), l’autre chirurgien (John Bell), publiés au début du xixe siècle. Grâce aux indices repérés, nous montrons que l’intention de ces deux traducteurs dépasse ce qu’ils revendiquent dans leurs préfaces respectives et que, loin de l’idée généralement admise que les traducteurs de textes pragmatiques ne font que répliquer le texte original, les deux traducteurs étudiés prennent une posture propre, tant par leurs choix de traduction que par la présentation de leurs écrits.