bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of Breakpoints and Mutations onDrosophila melanogasterBalancer Chromosomes
Authors: Miller Danny E , Kahsai Lily , Buddika Kasun , Dixon Michael J , Kim Bernard Y , Calvi Brian R , Sokol Nicholas S , Hawley R Scott , Cook Kevin R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBalancers are rearranged chromosomes used in Drosophila melanogaster to maintain deleterious mutations in stable populations, preserve sets of linked genetic elements and construct complex experimental stocks. Here, we assess the phenotypes associated with breakpoint-induced mutations on commonly used third chromosome balancers and show remarkably few deleterious effects. We demonstrate that a breakpoint in p53 causes loss of radiation-induced apoptosis and a breakpoint in Fucosyltransferase A causes loss of fucosylation in nervous and intestinal tissue—the latter study providing new markers for intestinal cell identity and challenging previous conclusions about the regulation of fucosylation. We also describe thousands of potentially harmful mutations shared among X or third chromosome balancers, or unique to specific balancers, including an Ankyrin 2 mutation present on most TM3 balancers, and reiterate the risks of using balancers as experimental controls. We used long-read sequencing to confirm or refine the positions of two inversions with breakpoints lying in repetitive sequences and provide evidence that one of the inversions, In(2L)Cy, arose by ectopic recombination between foldback transposon insertions and the other, In(3R)C, cleanly separates subtelomeric and telomeric sequences and moves the subtelomeric sequences to an internal chromosome position. In addition, our characterization of In(3R)C shows that balancers may be polymorphic for terminal deletions. Finally, we present evidence that extremely distal mutations on balancers can add to the stability of stocks whose purpose is to maintain homologous chromosomes carrying mutations in distal genes. Overall, these studies add to our understanding of the structure, diversity and effectiveness of balancer chromosomes.
Efficient Algorithms for Calculating Epistatic Genomic Relationship Matrices
Authors: Jiang Yong , Reif Jochen C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The genomic relationship matrix plays a key role in the analysis of genetic diversity, genomic prediction, and genome-wide association studies. The epistatic genomic relationship matrix is a natural generalization of the classic genomic relationship matrix in the sense that it implicitly models the epistatic effects among all markers. Calculating the exact form of the epistatic relationship matrix requires high computational load, and is hence not feasible when the number of markers is large, or when high-degree of epistasis is in consideration. Currently, many studies use the Hadamard product of the classic genomic relationship matrix as an approximation. However, the quality of the approximation is difficult to investigate in the strict mathematical sense. In this study, we derived iterative formulas for the precise form of the epistatic genomic relationship matrix for arbitrary degree of epistasis including both additive and dominance interactions. The key to our theoretical results is the observation of an interesting link between the elements in the genomic relationship matrix and symmetric polynomials, which motivated the application of the corresponding mathematical theory. Based on the iterative formulas, efficient recursive algorithms were implemented. Compared with the approximation by the Hadamard product, our algorithms provided a complete solution to the problem of calculating the exact epistatic genomic relationship matrix. As an application, we showed that our new algorithms easily relieved the computational burden in a previous study on the approximation behavior of two limit models.
Experiencias en la formación inicial de la carrera de la Enseñanza del Español de la UNA: un diálogo necesario entre formador y formadores
Authors: Aguirre Chaves Marlene 
Published: September 2020

This essay describes experiences that the author has in the initial education of students taking the major of Spanish Teaching at “Universidad Nacional.” In so doing, the essayist has considered the existence of three great phases, initial, intermediate, and final. In each of them, the characteristics of the students under training are posed. Thus, various stages in the training of pre-service teachers are considered. The first stage deals with the knowledge that is to be taught, the second stage deals with the values and attitudes of the profession, and the third one deals with classroom practices. In each of these stages, integrative and gradual processes take place. From another perspective, the author describes the academic profile that university faculty must have in teacher education processes and establishes a difference between faculty that teach a discipline and faculty that educate teachers. The latter, in addition to teaching a discipline, have pedagogical training. Finally, the author describes a desirable profile for a Spanish teacher by using input provided by students taking the course DEY 458, “Desafíos Didácticos de la Práctica Docente,” for the major of Spanish Teaching in 2014.
La (re)construcción de las identidades en la música popular andina en Perú: un campo de disputa y negociación cultural
Authors: Pineau Fanny , Mora R. Andrés 
Published: September 2020

This paper analyzes the construction and transformation of the cultural identities in Peru: a complex, multidimensional, conflicting, and dynamic process in which local, national, global, polítical, and historical referents that involve individual and collective subjects fight for hegemony. The Andes regional folk music is one of the scenarios that offer the biggest and richest elements in cultural identity studies.
Arturo Andrés Roig, maestro de nuestra América. Una aproximación a su pensamiento pedagógico
Authors: Mora Ramírez Andrés 
Published: September 2020

The following essay examines the life, the work and the educational thought of Arturo Andrés Roig. Roig was a philosopher and a professor who guided the Philosophy of Liberation at the research institute of the “Escuela de Mendoza in Argentina.” This essay aims to make known Roig's ideas and contributions to our geographical latitudes and educational settings where his thought is little known and even less studied in the teacher education programs of the “Universidad Nacional” of Costa Rica.
Transformación de las bibliotecas escolares a centros de recursos para el aprendizaje: retos y obstáculos para el profesional de la información
Authors: Castrillo Sequeira Rosalyn 
Published: September 2020

In this essay, the author addresses the need to transform school libraries into resource centers for learning that invigorate the curriculum of schools. Government policies are mentioned to project the strengthening of school libraries in Costa Rica, and the Chilean experience is highlighted as a model for this transformation. Finally, some challenges and obstacles of the information professional against the renewal process are dealt with.
Caracterización de la problemática en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la física en secundaria
Authors: Carpio Chavarría Carolina 
Published: September 2020

The object of study of this article is to show how some of the causes associated with the disappointing results of the learning of physics in high school have a close relationship with the dominant traditionalist methodology in the teaching of this subject. This article comes from a master's graduation project titled “Diseño y producción del curso en línea ‘Aprendiendo a enseñar Física: Hacia un cambio en la labor docente’ apoyado con un material didáctico multimedial.” A theoretical analysis was done, and a survey instrument was conducted with a small sample of students, teachers, and some specialists to describe the current situation. This activity corroborated the relationship between difficulties a student may have when learning physics and the way teachers teach. There are deficiencies that make high-school natural science teachers not to be adequately prepared to teach the subject. It is necessary for universities to review and update their programs, paying careful attention to specific didactic and pedagogic mediation as well as the use of technology to support physics instruction. Therefore, teachers can come up with effective practices and innovative methods to teach high-school students. Natural science instruction should establish the construction of concepts by concrete experiences, experiments, and activities for exploration. Therefore, classes should become learning dynamic environments where students have the chance to participate actively, taking advantage of technological tools to achieve curricular objectives. All this can positively affect the quality of instruction in high-schools, promote a significant learning, and improve motivation and interest in natural science.
Automatización de la educación: la ejecución pragmática del proyecto neoliberal en las políticas educativas estatales
Authors: Soto Cabezas Emanuel 
Published: September 2020

This essay is a short presentation of the new interests that nation states have defined for their educational policies. In a society increasingly oriented towards reducing the size of the state, the functionality of the educational agenda is defining which new professional profiles are being promoted as well as the social skills that are considered appropriate for the current economic model.
Tejiendo procesos de aprendiencia por medio de las TIC: UNA experiencia con docentes de la zona rural
Authors: Colindres Molina Dilia , Quirós Menéses Elionay , Fernández Valverde Marvin , Azofeifa Lizano Ana 
Published: September 2020

This article describes the results of a workshop developed with a group of elementary and high school teachers from the rural zone of Nicoya, where they had the opportunity to elaborate materials and teaching resources supported by information and communication technologies (ICT’s) that they later used in the development of their classes according to their different specialties. The process began with a diagnosis to understand the necessary training topics for the teachers from this zone. Then, the researchers met week by week in order to integrate technologies with the topics of the courses mentioned previously. Later, when the workshops were developed, the opinion of the teachers regarding the work done by the facilitators was evaluated, and the learning process was peer evaluated. In this way, the strengths and opportunities for improvement in the pedagogic mediation processes were identified. This methodology allowed for transformations to begin the learning processes, improving and positively impacting the student body, teachers, and the traditional curriculum that has always been used and to begin taking actions conducive to curriculum integration mediated by technologies.
Prácticas académicas inclusivas en el aula universitaria: un aprendizaje intercambiable
Authors: Cubero Vásquez Karol Viviana , Villanueva Monge Lucia Svetlana 
Published: September 2020

In our university classrooms, there is an imperative need for implementing new educational practices that allow all students to participate actively and equally in the learning process. A change is required in the teaching-learning methodology to assure a more cooperative, inclusive, dynamic, and fair learning process based on by team work and peer support with tutoring given by students to their classmates. This practice not only benefits the student facing some difficulties, who learns with the support of one of his/her classmate but also brings advantages to the student that teaches because with this, knowledge is reinforced, and thus when he or she teaches, he or she learns. When this practice is promoted, values such as solidarity, cooperation, responsibility, harmony, and friendship are shared among all the participants involved in the process. This article supports a cooperative learning process enriched with activities that value team work and tutoring among students, seeking a significant, effective, and interactive learning process that can lead to a more integral education of the learner.
Educación Musical. ¿Para qué?
Authors: Zárate Montero María Jesús 
Published: September 2020

"Teacher? teacher?," said Laura.
"Yes, tell me!", her teacher replied, from the safety of his desk, without even raising his eyes from the music history book with which he read in a confused way to a sleepy and bored seventh grade group . That "yes, tell me" seemed more like a blunt "now what? Can't you see that I'm busy educating you?"
Uso de redes sociales en docentes de lengua inglesa y pedagogía: ¿Diferencias por disciplina?
Authors: Borromeo García César Augusto , Ramírez Hernández Moisés 
Published: September 2020

This paper shows the preliminary results of two graduate research projects whose objectives are to know how Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) are used by teachers in their teaching process in two different disciplines at the Universidad Veracruzana: English Language and Pedagogy. For the collection of data, a questionnaire from ”Brecha digital entre estudiantes y profesores de la Universidad Veracruzana: Capital cultura; trayectorias escolares y desempeño académico; y grado de apropiación tecnológica” was administered to 55% (35) of English Language teachers and 88% (44) of Pedagogy; this article shows the results related to the use of social media. The main results highlight that the use of e-mail and social media are the most widely used tools by the teachers in both disciplines with means of socialization, communication and information exchange. The differences are minimal in the use of social media, but it is important to point out that they are used more by Pedagogy than English Language teachers. Finally, the ends by setting ground for future researches focused on specialized social media for each discipline, media that exists, but that are not exploited to its fullest.
Redes sociales y el ciberbullying en la Universidad Veracruzana
Authors: Dorantes Carrión Jeysira Jacqueline 
Published: September 2020

This paper is part of a research developed at Universidad Veracruzana, in which cyberbullying was studied as a phenomenon practiced among university students through social networks. The main purpose is to show how violent acts such as offenses, intimidation and exhibition are developed inside university areas through the inappropriate use of social networks. These acts harm the society, its individuals, its families, as well as students’ private life, including their future professional life.
Partisipasi Politik Perempuan Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Warjiyati Sri 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: This article discusses political participation of women from the perspective of Islamic law.Â In paricular, it will highlights a women political organization called KPPI (Kaukus Politik Perempuan Indonesia or Indonesian political women caucus).Â There are obstacles and challenges for improving women political participation due to personal, internal and external issues. For personal issues, the political awareness for women is relatively low which needs improvement. For internal perspective, not all available political parties gives space and opportunity for women political development, whereas externally, the improvement of women political participation is so limited that they do not participate in politics and do politics correctly. Islam provides equal opportunity for men and women in politics. This can be seen in many sex-neutral injunctions in the Holy Qurâ€™an which commands amar maâ€™ruf nahi munkar (promote the good and prevent the evil).Â This command encompasses all aspects of life, including politics and state issues. Women are also responsible in this respect. Based on that, Islam provide ground for women to actively in politics.
Keywords: women political participation, Islamic Law
Â
Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang partisipasi politik perempuan perspektif hukum Islam. Partisipasi politik perempuan di Indonesia tergabung pada Kaukus Politik Perempuan Indonesia (KPPI). Terdapat berbagai hambatan dan tantangan dalam upaya peningkatan partisipasi politik perempuan, baik secara personal, internal maupun eksternal. Secara personal, kesadaran berpolitik bagi perempuan relatif masih rendah, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan. Dari sisi internal, belum semua partai memberikan ruang dan kesempatan bagi pengembangan politik perempuan, sedangkan secara eksternal, peningkatan partisipasi politik perempuan masih mengalami banyak keterbatasan, sehingga perempuan masih relatif rendah untuk masuk dalam politik dan berpolitik secara benar. Islam memberikan kesempatan kepada kaum perempuan yang berkecimpung dalam kegiatan politik, ini bisa terlihat pada banyak ayat dalam al-Qurâ€™an yang memerintahkan amar maâ€™ruf nahi munkar. Ini berlaku untuk segala macam kegiatan, tidak terkecuali dalam bidang politik dan kenegaraan. Perempuan juga turut bertanggungjawab dalam hal ini. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perempuan dalam Islam juga memiliki hak untuk berpartisipasi dalam politik.
Kata Kunci: partisipasi, politik, perempuan, hukum Islam.
Kidney Single-Cell Atlas Reveals Myeloid Heterogeneity in Progression and Regression of Kidney Disease
Authors: Conway Bryan R. , O’Sullivan Eoin D. , Cairns Carolynn , O’Sullivan James , Simpson Daniel J. , Salzano Angela , Connor Katie , Ding Peng , Humphries Duncan , Stewart Kevin , Teenan Oliver , Pius Riinu , Henderson Neil C. , Bénézech Cécile , Ramachandran Prakash , Ferenbach David , Hughes Jeremy , Chandra Tamir , Denby Laura 
Published: September 2020

Significance Statement
The innate immune system is central to injury and repair in the kidney, but the heterogeneity of myeloid cell subsets behind these processes is unknown. Complementary technologies—including bulk tissue transcriptomics, integrated droplet– and plate-based single-cell RNA sequencing, and paired blood exchange—resolved myeloid cell heterogeneity in a murine model of reversible unilateral ureteric obstruction, creating a single-cell atlas. The identified novel myeloid subsets could be targeted to ameliorate injury or enhance repair, including an Arg1+
monocyte subset present during injury and Mmp12+
macrophages present during repair. Standard flow cytometry to detect cell surface markers would have missed these subsets. Complementary techniques capture the complexity and dynamics of monocyte, dendritic cell, and macrophage phenotypes in the injured and repairing kidney.

Background
Little is known about the roles of myeloid cell subsets in kidney injury and in the limited ability of the organ to repair itself. Characterizing these cells based only on surface markers using flow cytometry might not provide a full phenotypic picture. Defining these cells at the single-cell, transcriptomic level could reveal myeloid heterogeneity in the progression and regression of kidney disease.

Methods
Integrated droplet– and plate-based single-cell RNA sequencing were used in the murine, reversible, unilateral ureteric obstruction model to dissect the transcriptomic landscape at the single-cell level during renal injury and the resolution of fibrosis. Paired blood exchange tracked the fate of monocytes recruited to the injured kidney.

Results
A single-cell atlas of the kidney generated using transcriptomics revealed marked changes in the proportion and gene expression of renal cell types during injury and repair. Conventional flow cytometry markers would not have identified the 12 myeloid cell subsets. Monocytes recruited to the kidney early after injury rapidly adopt a proinflammatory, profibrotic phenotype that expresses Arg1, before transitioning to become Ccr2

+
macrophages that accumulate in late injury. Conversely, a novel Mmp12

+
macrophage subset acts during repair.

Conclusions
Complementary technologies identified novel myeloid subtypes, based on transcriptomics in single cells, that represent therapeutic targets to inhibit progression or promote regression of kidney disease.
The Assessment of Physical Fitness and Morphofunctional State of Female First-Year Students in Non-Linguistic Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Solohubova Svitlana , Lakhno Olena , Shyyan Volodymyr , Shyyan Olga 
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research paper is to study physical fitness and functional state of female first-year students in Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture.
Materials and methods. The study involved 100 female first-year students of general group aged 17-18, all after medical examination and obtaining doctor’s approval: the age group was 18 years old (n = 100). To meet the goals set, the following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of data in specialized scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, anthropometric research methods, functional methods of cardiorespiratory system investigation and methods of mathematical statistics for processing the results of the research.
Results. the conducted study proved the hypothesis on the necessity to improve the system of physical education in technical higher educational institutions, which is connected with the low level of physical fitness among students.
Conclusions. The study revealed the low level of physical fitness among the investigated students in terms of speed and strength endurance indicators (with 83%), explosive physical force of the lower limbs (with 82%) and strength endurance of the upper limbs (with 68%), as well as reduced functional characteristics: resistance to hypoxia (according to the results of the Shtange test with 46% and the Gench test with 49%), workability (with 71%) and efficiency of cardiovascular system (with 55%). Low physical fitness levels among the tested girls necessitate the additional introduction of more intensive training. The high variability of the physical fitness indicators among the students requires personalization of the training process, as well as the obligatory use of express testing methods for the physical state of each student during a workout.