bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The science of alternating current-induced corrosion: a review of literature on pipeline corrosion induced due to high-voltage alternating current transmission pipelines
Authors: Thakur Ajit Kumar , Arya Adarsh Kumar , Sharma Pushpa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The state of art in alternating current (AC)-induced corrosion in pipelines is reviewed. Growing pipeline networks and their co-location with high-voltage (HV) transmission networks have brought into focus the issue of induced AC corrosion on the pipeline networks. Induced AC corrosion may quickly and severely affect the integrity of pipeline networks, especially considering that a number of such pipelines are transporting huge quantities of hazardous fluids. Any breach in pipeline integrity due to AC corrosion may result in disastrous consequences. In the last 30 years, it has been established that the induced AC corrosion can affect the buried pipeline integrity severely. During operations, the resistive as well as inductive coupling with transmission lines pose a significant risk of pipeline corrosion. The literature is reviewed to put together various issues and factors responsible for AC-induced corrosion in pipelines. The various publications on induced AC corrosion are reviewed to identify characteristics of AC-induced corrosion and major factors that determine the severity and impact of AC-induced corrosion. The areas have been identified wherein scope exists for additional studies on AC corrosion.
Post theorem for strongly dependent n-ary semigroups
Authors: Cheremushkin Aleksandr V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We use an analogue of Gluskin–Hosszú theorem for strongly dependent finite n-ary semigroups to prove an analogue of Post coset theorem. We show that in fact these theorems are equivalent. Thus it turns our that the case of n-ary semigroups is fully similar to the case of n-groups.
Effective parallelization strategy for the solution of subset sum problems by the branch-and-bound method
Authors: Kolpakov Roman M. , Posypkin Mikhail A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An easily implementable recursive parallelization strategy for solving the subset sum problem by the branch-and-bound method is proposed. Two different frontal and balanced variants of this strategy are compared. On an example of a particular case of the subset sum problem we show that the balanced variant is more effective than the frontal one. Moreover, we show that, for the considered particular case of the subset sum problem, the balanced variant is also time optimal.
Generalized allocation scheme with cell occupancies from a fixed finite set
Authors: Timashev Aleksandr N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider a generalized scheme of allocation of n particles (elements) over unordered cells (components) under the condition that the number of particles in each cell belongs to a fixed finite set A of positive integers. A new asymptotic estimates for the total number In
(A) of variants of allocations of n particles are obtained under some conditions on the set A; these estimates have an explicit form (up to equivalence). Some examples of combinatorial-probabilistic character are given to illustrate by particular cases the notions introduced and results obtained. For previously known theorems on the convergence to the normal law of the total number of components and numbers of components with given cardinalities the norming parameters are obtained in the explicit form without using roots of algebraic or transcendent equations.
Resident-faculty overnight discrepancy rates as a function of number of consecutive nights during a week of night float
Authors: Peterson Christine , Moore Michael , Sarwani Nabeel , Gagnon Eric , Bruno Michael A. , Kanekar Sangam 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In 2018, the ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) made a change to the maximum permissible number of consecutive nights a resident trainee can be on “night float,” from six to seven nights. To our knowledge, although investigators have studied overall discrepancy rates and discrepancy rates as a function of shift length or perceived workload of a particular shift, no study has been performed to evaluate resident-faculty discrepancy rates as a quality/performance proxy, to see whether resident performance declines as a function of the number of consecutive nights. Our hypothesis is that we would observe a progressive increase in significant overnight resident – attending discrepancies over the 7 days’ time.

Methods
A total of 8,488 reports were extracted between 4/26/2019 to 8/22/2019 retrospectively. Data was obtained from the voice dictation system report server. Exported query was saved as a .csv file format and analyzed using Python packages. A “discrepancy checker” was created to search all finalized reports for the departmental standard heading of “Final Attending Report,” used to specify any significant changes from the preliminary interpretation.

Results
Model estimates varied on different days however there were no trends or patterns to indicate a deterioration in resident performance throughout the week. There were comparable probabilities throughout the week, with 2.17% on Monday, 2.35% on Thursday and 2.05% on Friday.

Conclusions
Our results reveal no convincing trend in terms of overnight report discrepancies between the preliminary report generated by the night float resident and the final report issued by a faculty the following morning. These results are in support of the ACGME’s recent change in the permissible number of consecutive nights on night float. We did not prove our hypothesis that resident performance on-call in the domain of report accuracy would diminish over seven consecutive nights while on the night float rotation. Our results found that performance remained fairly uniform over the course of the week.
Auf den Spuren des Schreibers
Authors: Dahm Margit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This contribution addresses colophons, notes of the scribes which are mostly found at the end of premodern manuscripts respectively of the contained texts, as a specific form of paratexts. Besides pragmatical information like the name of the scribe or place and date of production, many colophons contain different forms of commenting, for example on the process of writing, the written text or on the scribe himself. With these comments, colophons are of high significance for they allow insights into the text comprehension and the self-conception of medieval scribes. The contribution outlines a project proposal that aims for a systematical collection and evaluation of colophons in German manuscripts of the 12th up to the 15th century in a digital data-collection. A web application with specifically tailored evaluation features enables the request and statistical analysis of various quantitative as well as qualitative parameters.
Pasticcio-Daten und Daten-Pasticcio – zur Edition kompilierter musikalischer Werke
Authors: Albrecht-Hohmaier Martin , Over Berthold , Pelliccia Emilia , Wronkowska Sonia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This text, which was written by members of the project Pasticcio. Ways of arranging attractive operas, uses Gérard Genette’s term ‘paratext’ in a broader sense. Assuming that every text besides the edited work, which is part of the genesis of these oscillating works compiled of pre-existing musical material called pasticcios, can be understood as a paratext, it reveals the importance of printed librettos, related musical sources and philological contexts (like the often underestimated influence of the singers in the creation of a musical work) for their understanding and edition. Aiming at connecting a database with the online edition of four operatic works via XML, the project members present ideas and structures of the project’s data which can be described as a paratext as well.
Additive manufacturing of PLA-based scaffolds intended for bone regeneration and strategies to improve their biological properties
Authors: Donate Ricardo , Monzón Mario , Alemán-Domínguez María Elena 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most commonly used materials in the biomedical sector because of its processability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Among the different techniques that are feasible to process this biomaterial, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained attention recently, as it provides the possibility of tuning the design of the structures. This flexibility in the design stage allows the customization of the parts in order to optimize their use in the tissue engineering field. In the recent years, the application of PLA for the manufacture of bone scaffolds has been especially relevant, since numerous studies have proven the potential of this biomaterial for bone regeneration. This review contains a description of the specific requirements in the regeneration of bone and how the state of the art have tried to address them with different strategies to develop PLA-based scaffolds by AM techniques and with improved biofunctionality.
A dynamical approach to the variational inequality on modified elastic graphs
Authors: Okabe Shinya , Yoshizawa Kensuke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider the variational inequality on modified elastic graphs. Since the variational inequality is derived from the minimization problem for the modified elastic energy defined on graphs with the unilateral constraint, a solution to the variational inequality can be constructed by the direct method of calculus of variations. In this paper we prove the existence of solutions to the variational inequality via a dynamical approach. More precisely, we construct an L2-type gradient flow corresponding to the variational inequality and prove the existence of solutions to the variational inequality via the study on the limit of the flow.
Income-(in)dependent equivalence scales and inequality measurement
Authors: Dudel Christian , Garbuszus Jan Marvin , Ott Notburga , Werding Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Most equivalence scales that are applied in research on inequality do not depend on income, even though there is strong empirical evidence that equivalence scales are actually income-dependent. This paper explores the consistency of results derived from income-independent and income-dependent scales. We show that applying income-independent scales when income-dependent scales would be appropriate leads to violations of the transfer principle. Surprisingly, there are some exceptions, but these require unrealistic and strong assumptions. Thus, the use of income-dependent equivalence scales almost always leads to different assessments of inequality than the use of income-independent equivalence scales. Two examples illustrate our findings.
Friction correction when predicting wood basic density using drilling resistance
Authors: Gendvilas Vilius , Downes Geoffrey M. , Neyland Mark , Hunt Mark , Jacobs Andrew , O’Reilly-Wapstra Julianne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Basic density is a fundamental wood property of pulp and sawn wood. An IML Resi PD 400 drilling resistance tool (IML System GmbH, Wiesloch, Germany) was used to evaluate the basic density of Eucalyptus nitens discs and the impact of needle friction on basic density prediction. To determine the accuracy of that prediction with the commonly used linear drill bit shaft friction correction and determine whether this correction is linear, 40 discs were drilled radially, then cut into segments which were measured for basic density. Drilling resistance had a strong relationship with basic density in the outer wood; it was weaker at the pith but this did not compromise prediction accuracy. When using a linear friction correction, the drilling resistance underpredicts basic density by 7.6% in the first 2–3 cm after stem entry, after which the prediction error ranged from 0.6–1.9%. The friction correction was found to be nonlinear, especially at the first few centimeters. To apply this friction correction, basic density values from the model should be added to predict basic density values until 2.9 cm from Resi entry point and after that subtracted to account for the drill bit shaft friction.
Seeking transformation: how students in nursing view their academic writing context – a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Mitchell Kim M. , Blanchard Laurie , Roberts Tara 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Writing practices in nursing education programs are situated in a tension-filled context resulting from competing medical-technical and relational nursing discourses. The goal of this qualitative meta-study is to understand, from the student perspective, how the context for writing in nursing is constructed and the benefits of writing to nursing knowledge development. A literature search using the CINHAL, Medline, ERIC, and Academic Search complete databases, using systematic methods identified 21 papers and dissertations which gathered qualitative interview or survey data from students in nursing at the pre-registration, continuing education, and graduate levels. The studies provided evidence that writing assignments promote professional identity development but overemphasis on writing mechanics when grading have a deleterious effect on learning and student engagement with writing. Relationship building with faculty should extend beyond what is needed to maximize grades. Suggestions for writing pedagogical reform are identified to facilitate a change in focus from mechanical-technical to transformative writing.
Existence, stability and controllability results of fractional dynamic system on time scales with application to population dynamics
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Malik Muslim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this manuscript, we investigate the existence, uniqueness, Hyer-Ulam stability and controllability analysis for a fractional dynamic system on time scales. Mainly, this manuscript has three segments: In the first segment, we give the existence of solutions. The second segment is devoted to the study of stability analysis while in the last segment, we establish the controllability results. We use the Banach and nonlinear alternative Lery-Schauder–type fixed point theorem to establish these results. Also, we give some numerical examples for different time scales. Moreover, we give two applications to outline the effectiveness of these obtained results.
Surgical aspects in craniopharyngioma treatment
Authors: Fujio Shingo , Hanada Tomoko , Yonenaga Masanori , Nagano Yushi , Habu Mika , Arita Kazunori , Yoshimoto Koji 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Total surgical resection is the gold standard in the treatment of craniopharyngioma. However, there is concern that aggressive surgical resection might result in high rates of endocrinologic, metabolic, and behavioral morbidities. Subtotal resection (SR) with subsequent radiation therapy (RT) may reduce surgical complications, but it may also increase the risk of tumor recurrence and radiation-induced side effects. Therefore, the optimal surgical strategy remains debatable.

Methods
To determine the optimal surgical strategy, we assessed the clinical courses of 39 patients (19 male patients and 20 female patients) with newly diagnosed craniopharyngioma who were treated at our institute. The median age at diagnosis was 34 years (range: 0–76 years). The median follow-up period was 8.5 years (range: 3–160 months). Our treatment strategy comprised gross total resection (GTR) for craniopharyngioma in patients that were not at surgical risk. Conversely, after adequate tumor decompression, we used RT, mainly Gamma Knife radiosurgery, in patients at risk. We divided the patients into the following three groups depending on the treatment course: GTR, SR with RT, and SR with staged surgery. We compared tumor characteristics, as well as patients’ conditions at the preoperative stage and last follow-up, among the three groups.

Results
There were 8, 21, and 10 patients in the GTR, SR with RT, and SR with staged surgery groups, respectively. There were no differences in the maximum tumor diameter, tumor volume, composition, and presence of calcification among the groups. Among the 39 patients, 24 underwent transcranial microsurgery and 15 underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery as the initial treatment. No cases involving surgical mortality, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, severely deteriorated visual function, or severe hypothalamic damage were observed. No tumor recurrence was noted in the GTR group. One patient required additional RT, and one patient underwent second surgery for tumor recurrence in the SR with RT group. In the SR with staged surgery group, 8 of the 10 patients eventually underwent RT, but tumor control was achieved in all patients at the latest follow-up. In this group, the third trans-sphenoidal surgery caused a severe vascular injury in one patient. At the final follow-up, 33 (85%) patients were undergoing anterior pituitary hormone replacement, and the rate of diabetes insipidus was 51%. There was no significant difference in the pituitary dysfunction rate among the groups.

Conclusions
We observed a low rate of surgical complications and a sufficient tumor control rate in response to our treatment strategy. Despite attempting preservation of the pituitary stalk, we found it difficult to rescue anterior pituitary function.
In vitro effect of dibenzyl trisulfide on the p50 of the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve
Authors: Pepple Dagogo John , Marsh Darien-Andrew Theodore , McKoy Marsha-Lyn Grace-Ann 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Dibenzyl trisulfide (DTS) has been reported to have cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects. It also affects erythrocyte deformability. We investigated the effects of DTS on the p50 of the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve.

Methods
Blood samples from 10 healthy male volunteers with normal haemoglobin AA were exposed to 50, 100, 200 and 400 ng/mL, respectively, of DTS. A hemox-analyzer was used to obtain the p50 values.

Results
The mean p50 value for the control samples was 25.89 ± 2.18 mm Hg. The values for the samples exposed to 50, 100, 200 and 400 ng/mL were 23.53 ± 1.81 mm Hg, 22.62 ± 1.61 mm Hg, 21.88 ± 1.67 mm Hg and 21.68 ± 1.88 mm Hg, respectively.

Conclusions
DTS caused a significant (p<0.001) reduction in p50 values indicating a shift of the oxygen- haemoglobin dissociation curve to the left in all the samples compared with control, suggesting that the administration of DTS could result in decrease in oxygen supply to tissues.
Effect of adverse weather conditions and pointing error on the performance of 2-D WH/TS OCDMA over FSO link
Authors: Mitra Bithi , Islam Md. Jahedul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the performance of two-dimensional (2-D) wavelength-hopping/time-spreading (WH/TS) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system over free space optical (FSO) channel is analyzed in the presence of pointing error and different weather conditions. Prime code scheme is employed for both wavelength-hopping and time-spreading to address user code-matrix. The operating central wavelength of 1550 nm is considered to demonstrate the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed system as a function of various system parameters. The required optical power of the proposed system is determined to maintain a BER value of 10−9. The numerical evaluation interprets that the BER performance is highly dependent on transmission length, transmitted power, pointing error angle as well as the number of simultaneous user. It is also observed that the 2-D OCDMA system over free space needs minimum required optical power in case of rainy atmospheric condition, but it is maximum for foggy atmospheric condition.
Subcarrier multiplexed radio over fiber system with optical single sideband modulation
Authors: R Pradeep , N Vijayakumar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A subcarrier multiplexed radio over fiber (RoF) system using optical single sideband (OSSB) modulation is proposed. OSSB modulation reduces the bandwidth requirements and also combats the radio frequency (RF) power fading issue due to the dispersive effects in optical fiber. Subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) is a technique used to transmit multiple RF signals through the same optical fiber to utilize its large bandwidth. A theoretical analysis showed that OSSB generation with a number of subcarriers can be done by Hilbert transform method employing a single dual drive Mach–Zehnder Modulator (MZM). This technique is very relevant in the emerging 5G standards which require accesses of multiple standards simultaneously (5G, LTE, and Wi-Fi). This paper demonstrates a low cost solution of OSSB-RoF system and more effective utilization of the spectrum. Simulations results showing satisfactory reception of signals up to 50 km.
Performance enhancement of Raman + EYDFA HOA for UD-WDM system applications
Authors: Lubana Anurupa , Kaur Sanmukh , Malhotra Yugnanda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, we study and analyze the performance of Raman + Erbium-Ytterbium codoped fiber hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) for an ultradense wavelength division multiplexing (UD-WDM) system having 100 channels. The system has been investigated considering initial values of channel spacing and data rate of 0.1 nm (12.5 GHz) and 100 GB/s, respectively. Initially, the two important WDM system parameters—wavelength and channel spacing—have been selected and then optimization of the proposed HOA has been performed in terms of EYDFA length, pump power and Er+ concentration to achieve higher values of average gain, Q-factor and lower gain variation ratio. The optimized configuration of the HOA results in the achievement of higher value of average gain, Q-factor and gain variation ratio of 47 dB, 14 and 0.14, respectively, which confirms its viability for UD-WDM system applications.
Fitting a triaxial ellipsoid to a geoid model
Authors: Panou G. , Korakitis R. , Pantazis G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work is the determination of the parameters of Earth’s triaxiality through a geometric fitting of a triaxial ellipsoid to a set of given points in space, as they are derived from a geoid model. Starting from a Cartesian equation of an ellipsoid in an arbitrary reference system, we develop a transformation of its coefficients into the coordinates of the ellipsoid center, of the three rotation angles and the three ellipsoid semi-axes. Furthermore, we present different mathematical models for some special and degenerate cases of the triaxial ellipsoid. We also present the required mathematical background of the theory of least-squares, under the condition of minimization of the sum of squares of geoid heights. Also, we describe a method for the determination of the foot points of the set of given space points. Then, we prepare suitable data sets and we derive results for various geoid models, which were proposed in the last fifty years. Among the results, we report the semi-axes of the triaxial ellipsoid of geometric fitting with four unknowns to be 6378171.92 m, 6378102.06 m and 6356752.17 m and the equatorial longitude of the major semi-axis –14.9367 degrees. Also, the parameters of Earth’s triaxiality are directly estimated from the spherical harmonic coefficients of degree and order two. Finally, the results indicate that the geoid heights with reference to the triaxial ellipsoid are smaller than those with reference to the oblate spheroid and the improvement in the corresponding rms value is about 20 per cent.