bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effects of topiroxostat and febuxostat on arterial properties in hypertensive patients with hyperuricemia
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Nishizawa Masafumi , Kiuchi Mari , Kiyosue Arihiro , Tomita Fumishi , Ohtani Hiroshi , Abe Yasuhisa , Kuga Hideyo , Miyazaki Satoshi , Kasai Takatoshi , Hongou Makiko , Yasu Takanori , Kuramochi Jin , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Hoshide Satoshi , Hisatome Ichiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElevated serum uric acid is a cardiovascular risk factor in patients with hypertension, even when blood pressure (BP) is well controlled. Xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors (XORi) reduce serum uric acid levels and have several other potential effects. This multicenter, randomized, open‐label study compared the effects of two XORi, topiroxostat and febuxostat, on arterial stiffness, uric acid levels, and BP in hypertensive patients with hyperuricemia. Patients received topiroxostat 40–160 mg/day or febuxostat 10–60 mg/day, titrated to maintain serum uric acid <6 mg/dl, for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in the cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI) from baseline to 24 weeks. There were no significant changes in CAVI from baseline to 24 weeks (from 9.13 to 9.16 [feboxustat] and 8.98 to 9.01 [topiroxostat]). Compared with baseline, there were significant reductions in serum uric acid (–2.9 and –2.5 mg/dl; both p < 0.001) and morning home systolic BP (–3.6 and –5.1 mm Hg; both p < 0.01) after 24 weeks' treatment with febuxostat and topiroxostat. BP decreased to the greatest extent in the subgroup of patients with uncontrolled blood pressure at baseline. Topiroxostat, but not febuxostat, significantly decreased plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity versus baseline. The urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR) decreased significantly from baseline to 24 weeks with topiroxostat (–20.8%; p = 0.021), but not febuxostat (–8.8%; p = 0.362). In conclusion, neither topiroxostat nor febuxostat had any significant effects on arterial stiffness over 24 weeks' treatment.
Expression and prognostic characteristics of m5C regulators in low‐grade glioma
Authors: Li Xiaozhi , Meng Yutong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumour. A clear diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy are of great significance for improving the survival time and quality of life of patients with low‐grade glioma. 5‐methylcytosine methylation is one of the ways of RNA modification, but there are limited studies on the role of m5C methylation of low‐grade glioma. Single‐nucleotide variant, RNA expression matrix and corresponding clinical data of low‐grade glioma came from public database. The single‐nucleotide variant and expression of m5C regulators were estimated. A prognostic model based on m5C regulators was constructed by Cox regression. Potential functions of these molecules were assessed by gene set enrichment analysis. DNMT3A mutation was the most frequent among the m5C regulators in low‐grade glioma. NSUN3, TET2, TRDMT1, ALYREF, DNMT3B, DNMT1, NOP2 and NSUN2 were up‐regulated. One prognostic model was constructed which had a strong predictive power for the overall survival of low‐grade glioma. We studied the expression and prognostic characteristics of m5C regulators in low‐grade glioma, supplied biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis and provided the foundation for the study of the pathogenesis of low‐grade glioma.
Effects and interaction of dietary electrolyte balance and citric acid on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, digestive enzyme activity and nutrient transporters expression of weaned piglets
Authors: Deng Qingqing , Shao Yirui , Wang Qiye , Li Jianzhong , Li Yali , Ding Xueqin , Huang Pengfei , Yin Jia , Yang Huansheng , Yin Yulong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFifty‐six piglets were weaned at 21 days and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 dietary treatments with 7 replicate pens for a 14‐day experimental period. The eight experimental diets were prepared via a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with citric acid (CA; 0 and 0.3%) and dietary electrolyte balance (dEB, Na +K − Cl mEq/kg of the diet; −50, 100, 250, and 400 mEq/kg). Varying dEB values were obtained by altering calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate contents. Dietary CA significantly increased (p < .05) villus height (VH) and villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) in the jejunum. Piglets fed a 250 mEq/kg diet increased (p < .05) VH and VH:CD values in the duodenum. Jejunal VH and VH:CD increased (quadratic; p < .05), and ileal VH:CD (liner and quadratic; p < .05) decreased as dEB was increased in diets without CA, but no such effect was observed on the diets containing CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). The CD in jejunum (quadratic; p < .05) increased as dEB was increased in diets containing CA, whereas it was decreased (linear; p < .05) in the diets without CA (dEB ×CA; p < .001). Dietary CA increased maltase activity and reduced the number of Ki67‐positive cells (p < .05). Increasing dEB values in diets without CA increased sucrose and lactase activities (quadratic; p < .05), but no such effect was observed in the diets with CA (dEB ×CA; p < .05). An interaction effect between dEB and CA on the number of Ki67‐positive cells was observed (p < .001). In conclusion, 250 mEq/kg dEB diet with CA improved piglet intestinal digestion and absorption function by improving intestinal morphology and increasing digestive enzyme activities. However, these improvements were also observed in piglets fed the 100 mEq/kg dEB diet without CA.
Assessment of the clinical usefulness of ultrasound‐guided cytological specimens obtained from gastrointestinal lesions in dogs and cats
Authors: Turner R. B. S. , Liffman R. , Woodward A. P. , Beck C. , Courtman N. , Dandrieux J. R. S. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesCytological biopsies are an integral additional test to an abdominal ultrasound when a lesion is identified, but there is little published on factors that that may impact achieving a clinically useful sample of gastrointestinal lesions obtained by ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle cytologic biopsy. This retrospective, descriptive study aimed to assess factors that may influence the clinical usefulness of submitted cytological samples collected from gastrointestinal lesions by ultrasound‐guided percutaneous fine‐needle cytologic biopsy.Material and MethodsGastrointestinal cytological samples obtained from 25 dogs and 19 cats over 2.5 years were reviewed and determined as clinically useful or clinically useless as per the cytology report. Variables dependent on the ultrasound exam that were used in the analysis included lesion location, lesion thickness, loss of gastrointestinal layering, and the number of slides submitted.ResultsThirty (30/44) of the submitted cytological samples were considered clinically useful. Factors associated with achieving a clinically useful sample in univariable models included the number of slides submitted and the thickness of the lesion. However, these two variables appear inter‐related, as a weak correlation existed between them. Where histologic biopsies were obtained, a clinically useful sample had a partial or complete agreement with histology in three of 12 and eight of 12 cases, respectively.Clinical SignificanceUltrasound‐guided fine‐needle cytological biopsies of gastrointestinal masses provided a clinically useful sample in two‐third of the cases, especially if more slides were provided to the cytologist and thicker lesions were sampled.
Intensive care nurse staffing and nurse outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Bae Sung‐Heui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care units (ICU) are associated with significant work stress and exert continuous physical and emotional demand upon health care providers. The health and well‐being of care providers, including ICU nurses, is a matter of great concern. However, to the researcher's knowledge, there have been no reviews synthesizing the evidence about the relationship between nurse staffing and nurse outcomes in the ICU.PurposeThe purpose of this systematic review was to examine nurse staffing in the ICU and synthesize literature to examine the relationship with nurse outcomes such as job satisfaction, burnout, fatigue, and intent to leave.MethodsThis review was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Peer‐reviewed articles published between January 2000 and September 2019 were identified via eight electronic bibliographic databases. Articles were included and reviewed if they were correlational studies examining the relationships between nurse staffing and nurse outcomes in the ICU, and were published in peer‐reviewed journals written in either English or Korean. The Quality Assessment and Validity Tool for Correlation Studies was used for quality appraisal.ResultsFrom 5086 articles, eight published between 2006 and 2019 were included in this review. Three studies found expected relationships between worse nurse staffing and adverse nurse outcomes (high burnout, fatigue state, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and stress). However, the relationships between nurse staffing and other adverse nurse outcomes were not significant. Perceived adequate staffing was negatively related to adverse nurse outcomes. However, a non‐significant relationship also was found.ConclusionThis study found limited evidence on relationships between nurse staffing and nurse outcomes in the ICU. More studies are needed to conduct to find a conclusive relationship.Relevance to clinical practiceGiven high demands and workload in the ICU, nurse staffing levels should be closely monitored to prevent adverse nurse outcomes.
Barriers and facilitators to a healthy lifestyle in postpartum women: A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies in postpartum women and healthcare providers
Authors: Makama Maureen , Awoke Mamaru Ayenew , Skouteris Helen , Moran Lisa J. , Lim Siew 
Published: January 2021

SummaryA healthy postpartum lifestyle is vital for the promotion of optimal maternal health, return to pre‐pregnancy weight and prevention of postpartum weight retention, but barriers exist. We performed a systematic review that aimed to describe the barriers and facilitators to a healthy lifestyle in the first 2 years postpartum from the perspectives of women and healthcare providers. Databases were searched for eligible studies published up to 26 August 2019. Following thematic analysis, identified themes were mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework and the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour model. We included 28 qualitative and quantitative studies after screening 15,643 citations and 246 full texts. We identified barriers and facilitators relating to capability (e.g., lack of knowledge regarding benefits of lifestyle behaviours; limitations in healthcare providers' skills in providing lifestyle support), opportunity (e.g., social support from partners, family, friends and healthcare providers; childcare needs) and motivation (e.g., identifying benefits of exercise and perception of personal health; enjoyment of the activity or food). We suggest intervention components to include in lifestyle interventions for postpartum women based on the identified themes. Our findings provide evidence to inform the development of interventions to support postpartum women in adopting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Continuous renal replacement therapy without anticoagulation in critically ill patients at high risk of bleeding: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Bai Ming , Yu Yan , Chen Xiaolan , Zhao Lijuan , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe current clinical guideline recommends continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) proceed without anticoagulation in patients with contraindication to citrate and increased bleeding risk. Nevertheless, the efficacy of anticoagulation‐free CRRT remains inconsistent. The purpose of our present systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant‐free CRRT based on the current literatures. The primary outcomes were filter lifespan and risk factors for filter failure. Seventeen observational studies and three randomized controlled trials were included in our present meta‐analysis. There was no significant difference in filter lifespan and azotemic control between the anticoagulation‐free and systemic heparin group. The regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) protocol seems to be superior to the anticoagulation‐free protocol in terms of filter lifespan (WMD −23.01, 95% CI [−28.62, −17.39], p < 0.001; I2 = 0%, p = 0.53) and azotemic control. Nafamostat protocol could significantly prolong filter lifespan (WMD −8.4, 95% CI [−9.9, −6.9], p < 0.001; I2 = 33.7%, p = 0.21) as compared with anticoagulation‐free protocol without better azotemic control. The conventional coagulation parameters showed poor predictive performence for filter failure and the necessity of anticoagulants use before CRRT. Currently, the optimal choice of anticoagulation strategy for critically ill patients with increased bleeding risk could be RCA under close monitoring.
Are All Foragers the Same? Towards a Classification of Foragers
Authors: Grivins Mikelis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSome estimates suggest that almost a quarter of European households have members that forage, that is, pick wild products. Thus, foraging remains an important way for people to engage with their surrounding environment. Foraging has been associated both with the potential negative impacts it may have and with the potential positive effects it may bring. This article engages with the diversity of foragers and outlines the characteristics of their groups, consequently illustrating the potential and threats associated with various forager groups. It suggests that a targeted political engagement with these groups can help to address several pressing environmental, economic and social issues. The article employs two theoretical dimensions: motivation and knowledge to define two exclusive binary delimitating variables––the type of motivation and adapted knowledge frames. The variables are used to identify four subgroups of foragers: rooted foragers, lifestyle foragers, subsistence foragers and commercial foragers. The article relies on 30 in‐depth interviews conducted in Latvia to illustrate the characteristics of these groups.
A scoping review on the use, processing and fusion of geographic data in virtual assistants
Authors: Granell Carlos , Pesántez‐Cabrera Paola G. , Vilches‐Blázquez Luis M. , Achig Rosario , Luaces Miguel R. , Cortiñas‐Álvarez Alejandro , Chayle Carolina , Morocho Villie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractVirtual assistants are a growing area of research in academia and industry, with an impact on people’s daily lives. Many disciplines in science are moving towards the incorporation of intelligent virtual assistants in multiple scenarios and application domains, and GIScience is not external to this trend since they may be connected to intelligent spatial decision support systems. This article presents a scoping review to indicate relevant literature pertinent to intelligent virtual assistants and their usage of geospatial information and technologies. In particular, the study was designed to find critical aspects of GIScience and how to contribute to the development of virtual assistants. Moreover, this work explores the most prominent research lines as well as relevant technologies/platforms to determine the main challenges and current limitations regarding the use and implementation of virtual assistants in geospatial‐related fields. As a result, this review shows the current state of geospatial applications regarding the use of intelligent virtual assistants, as well as revealing gaps and limitations in the use of spatial methods, standards, and resources available in spatial data infrastructures to develop intelligent decision systems based on virtual assistants for a wide array of application domains.
Red cell genotyping of rare blood donors: donation behaviour and data visualization
Authors: Anani Waseem Q. , Gottschall Jerome , Denomme Gregory A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe continual identification of rare blood among donors is critical to support national programs like the American Rare Donor Program (ARDP). Some blood centres require consent from donors to be registered with a national registry. This situation provides an opportunity to determine whether a donor’s willingness to register is associated with a change in donation behaviour.MethodsRare donors were identified by molecular typing. The average number of donations per year was compared for each donor prior to and after receiving a consent letter. Donors were categorized as either accepting or declining the request. Non‐parametric t tests compared the statistical significance within and between categories. Rare types were overlaid with consensus data to look for trends using data visualization techniques.ResultsA total of 270 molecularly typed rare donors received letters over 4 years. Half of the donors (132, 49%) agreed to participate in the ARDP. Overall, donation frequency increased after the letter when enrolled. Both Caucasian and non‐Caucasian donors increased their donations after enrolling providing an additional 159 red blood cell units over 3 years. Declining participation did not change donation frequency. Data visualization showed that enrolled donors were more affluent, high school and college educated, and lived in their home for longer periods of time.ConclusionA donor’s willingness to enrol in the ARDP was associated with a post‐response increase in donation frequency. New interventions to reach non‐Caucasian donors may be a prerequisite to increase donation frequency and a willingness to be a rare blood donor.
Boundaries of solidarity: a meta-ethnography of mask use during past epidemics to inform SARS-CoV-2 suppression
Authors: Tsang Po Man , Prost Audrey 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundMany countries aiming to suppress SARS-CoV-2 recommend the use of face masks by the general public. The social meanings attached to masks may influence their use, but remain underinvestigated.MethodsWe systematically searched eight databases for studies containing qualitative data on public mask use during past epidemics, and used meta-ethnography to explore their social meanings. We compared key concepts within and across studies, then jointly wrote a critical synthesis.ResultsWe found nine studies from China (n=5), Japan (n=1), Mexico (n=1), South Africa (n=1) and the USA (n=1). All studies describing routine mask use during epidemics were from East Asia. Participants identified masks as symbols of solidarity, civic responsibility and an allegiance to science. This effect was amplified by heightened risk perception (eg, during SARS in 2003), and by seeing masks on political leaders and in outdoor public spaces. Masks also acted as containment devices to manage threats to identity at personal and collective levels. In China and Japan, public and corporate campaigns framed routine mask use as individual responsibility for disease prevention in return for state- or corporate-sponsored healthcare access. In most studies, mask use waned as risk perception fell. In contexts where masks were mostly worn by patients with specific diseases (eg, for patients with tuberculosis in South Africa), or when trust in government was low (eg, during H1N1 in Mexico), participants described masks as stigmatising, uncomfortable or oppressive.ConclusionFace masks can take on positive social meanings linked to solidarity and altruism during epidemics. Unfortunately, these positive meanings can fail to take hold when risk perception falls, rules are seen as complex or unfair, and trust in government is low. At such times, ensuring continued use is likely to require additional efforts to promote locally appropriate positive social meanings, simplifying rules for use and ensuring fair enforcement.
Alarming downtrend in mechanical thrombectomy rates in African American patients during the COVID-19 pandemic-Insights from STAR
Authors: Al Kasab Sami , Almallouhi Eyad , Alawieh Ali , Jabbour Pascal , Sweid Ahmad , Starke Robert M , Saini Vasu , Wolfe Stacey Q , Fargen Kyle M , Arthur Adam S , Goyal Nitin , Pandhi Abhi , Maier Ilko , Grossberg Jonathan A , Howard Brian M , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I , Rai Ansaar , Park Min S , Mascitelli Justin R , Psychogios Marios N , Spiotta Alejandro M 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected stroke care globally. In this study, we aim to evaluate the impact of the current pandemic on racial disparities among stroke patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy (MT).MethodsWe used the prospectively collected data in the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry from 12 thrombectomy-capable stroke centers in the US and Europe. We included acute stroke patients who underwent MT between January 2017 and May 2020. We compared baseline features, vascular risk factors, location of occlusion, procedural metrics, complications, and discharge outcomes between patients presenting before (before February 2020) and those who presented during the pandemic (February to May 2020).ResultsWe identified 2083 stroke patients: of those 235 (11.3%) underwent MT during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared with pre-pandemic, stroke patients who received MT during the pandemic had longer procedure duration (44 vs 38 min, P=0.006), longer length of hospitalization (6 vs 4 days, P<0.001), and higher in-hospital mortality (18.7% vs 11%, P<0.001). Importantly, there was a lower number of African American patients undergoing MT during the COVID-19 pandemic (609 (32.9%) vs 56 (23.8%); P=0.004).ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected the care process for stroke patients receiving MT globally. There is a significant decline in the number of African American patients receiving MT, which mandates further investigation.
Structural airway imaging metrics are differentially associated with persistent chronic bronchitis
Authors: Bhatt Surya P , Bodduluri Sandeep , Kizhakke Puliyakote Abhilash S , Oelsner Elizabeth C , Nakhmani Arie , Lynch David A , Wilson Carla G , Fortis Spyridon , Kim Victor 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundChronic bronchitis (CB) is strongly associated with cigarette smoking, but not all smokers develop CB. We aimed to evaluate whether measures of structural airway disease on CT are differentially associated with CB.MethodsIn smokers between ages 45 and 80 years, and with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease stages 0–4, CB was defined by the classic definition. Airway disease on CT was quantified by (i) wall area percent (WA%) of segmental airways; (ii) Pi10, the square root of the wall area of a hypothetical airway with 10 mm internal perimeter; (iii) total airway count (TAC) and (iv) airway fractal dimension (AFD), a measure of the complex branching pattern and remodelling of airways. CB was also assessed at the 5-year follow-up visit.Measurements and main resultsOf 8917 participants, 1734 (19.4%) had CB at baseline. Airway measures were significantly worse in those with CB compared with those without CB: WA% 54.5 (8.8) versus 49.8 (8.3); Pi10 2.58 (0.67) versus 2.28 (0.59) mm; TAC 156.7 (81.6) versus 177.8 (91.1); AFD 1.477 (0.091) versus 1.497 (0.092) (all p<0.001). On follow-up of 5517 participants at 5 years, 399 (7.2%) had persistent CB. With adjustment for between-visits changes in smoking status and lung function, greater WA% and Pi10 were associated with significantly associated with persistent CB, adjusted OR per SD change 1.75, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.97; p<0.001 and 1.66, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.86; p<0.001, respectively. Higher AFD and TAC were associated with significantly lower odds of persistent CB, adjusted OR per SD change 0.76, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.86; p<0.001 and 0.69, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.80; p<0.001, respectively.ConclusionsHigher baseline AFD and TAC are associated with a lower risk of persistent CB, irrespective of changes in smoking status, suggesting preserved airway structure can confer a reserve against CB.