bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring the Cardiovascular Changes of a Rabbit Caused by Phenylephrine via a Microfluidic-Based Tactile Sensor
Authors: Wang Dan , Lattanzio Frank A. , Rodriguez Mario C. , Hao Zhili 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work, a microfluidic-based tactile sensor was investigated for monitoring changes in the cardiovascular (CV) system of a rabbit caused by phenylephrine. The sensor was fixed on the front right leg of an anesthetized rabbit to measure the arterial pulse signal. Phenylephrine, as a vasoconstrictor, was used to introduce CV changes of the rabbit. Two sensors, one with high sensitivity and the other with low sensitivity, were tested on their suitability for measuring the pulse signals of the rabbit. The sensor with low sensitivity generated clear pulse signals and was further used to monitor the CV changes of the rabbit caused by phenylephrine. An automated sphygmomanometer and an ECG were used to record blood pressure and heart rate for comparison. Three low-dose injections of phenylephrine were sequentially performed on the rabbit. Through model-based analysis of the measured pulse signals, arterial elastic modulus, arterial radius and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were obtained. As compared with the baseline values measured before injection, injections of phenylephrine caused an increase in mean blood pressure (MAP) recorded by the medical instruments, and a decrease in arterial radius (increase in peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)) and an increase in arterial elastic modulus and PWV captured by the tactile sensor. Thus, the tactile sensor was proven to be feasible for monitoring the changes in the CV system caused by phenylephrine.
Analysis and Assessment of the Spring-Back Effect of Steel Sheet Metal Under Bending Operations
Authors: Pérez Martínez Omar , Medellín-Castillo Hugo I. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The accurate prediction of the spring-back effect is a major issue in the design of metal forming tools and operations. A bad prediction of the spring-back effect will cause geometrical and quality deviations from the designed part, together with the associated cost impacts. In this paper the analysis and evaluation of the spring-back effect of steel sheet metal under bending operations is presented. The aim of the work is twofold: 1) to assess how accurate the spring-back effect can be predicted by the finite element method (FEM) and theoretical approaches, and 2) to evaluate the effect of process parameters on the springback effect. To accomplish this, two case studies corresponding to L-bending and V-bending operations of steel sheet metal were selected. The spring-back effect for these case studies was then analysed and estimated using theoretical approaches and FEM. Several values of the process parameters were also considered in the evaluation. Finally, the results were compared with the experimental values and the prediction error for each approach was estimated. The results have suggested that the FEM approach can predict with accuracy the spring-back effect; however, the solution is very sensitive to the simulation and process parameters.
Enhancing the Performance of Centrifugal Pump by Adding Cylindrical Disks at Inlet Suction
Authors: Sadik Linda , Jawad Badih , Hermez Munther Y. , Liu Liping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Optimizing the high efficiency design of centrifugal pumps requires a detailed understanding of the internal flow. The prediction of the flow inside the pump can be acquired by understanding the rotatory motion and the three-dimensional shape of the impellers, as well as its fundamental unsteady behavior. The flow inside a centrifugal pump is three-dimensional, unsettled and always associated with secondary flow structures. When a centrifugal pump operates under low flow rates, a secondary flow, known as recirculation, starts to begin. Inside this, the separation of flow increases, which creates vortices and cause local pressure to decrease, which induces cavitation. This phenomenon of recirculation will increase the Net Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHR).
Improving the suction performance continues to remain a vital and continuous topic in the development and application of centrifugal pumps. In this research, the focal point is to enhance the pump suction performance under low flow rates by modifying the impeller design. This research entails a numerical simulation investigation on the addition of three different designs, each consisting of two cylindrical disks at the impeller inlet suction. It is hypothesized that these modifications will assist suppressing the recirculation phenomenon. The turbulent flow within the centrifugal pump was analyzed by applying the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the k–ϵ equations for turbulence modelling. The computational domain consists of the inlet, impeller, diffuser and outlet. Analysis of ΔP, torque data and pump efficiency was conducted. The application of CFD solvers to predict pump performance resulted in reduced prices for testing as well as pump development time.
The numerical simulation concluded that placing 3-D multi-cylindrical disks at the impeller inlet section improved the centrifugal pump performance under low flow rates. The model design 1 resulted in a pump efficiency improvement of about 5% at low flow rates by lowering the amount of flow leaking back (re-circulation) through the internal suction.
Opportunities for Radiation Pressure in Characterization of Micro- / Nano-Materials
Authors: Leseman Zayd C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Manmade use of radiation pressure in optomechanical devices is a relatively new concept and warrants a discussion of its possibilities. In this article, the limitations and opportunities of radiation pressure’s use in optomechanical devices will be examined from the perspective of mechanical testing of materials. Concepts and physics not normally considered in mechanics of materials are introduced in order to inform the greater materials characterization community of the unique possibilities that optomechanical devices offer. In particular, it is shown that forces in the range of fN – μN can be traceably calibrated using radiation pressure.
Numerical Analysis With Physical Test Correlation and Design Optimization of a Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS)
Authors: Karpat Fatih , Yahşi Mehmet , Akalp M. Kaan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, a rollover protective structure design was investigated according to its performance required for product validation. An investigation was performed by using finite element method and the acceptance criteria was taken from the OECD Code 6 standard. After performing finite element analyses in order to simulate ROPS loadings, it was found that the strength of the current ROPS design is good enough and this situation was correlated with physical tests. This situation allows to make some weight reduction studies. Firstly, an analytical optimization study performed on current ROPS design. A new ROPS design was achieved and this design was called as “Design 1”. After that, a parametric optimization study was built and newly achieved ROPS design was called as “Design - 2”. These optimization studies gave some design suggestions but the all changes in studies was not applied to new ROPS design because of some design constraints. The simulation results correlated with tests for the final design also. This study provides an effective method for virtual validation and design optimization of a rollover protective structures.
Axiomatic Design to Foster Additive Manufacturing-Specific Design Knowledge
Authors: Chekurov Sergei , Niklas Kretzschmar , Rossoni Marco , Redaelli Davide F. , Colombo Giorgio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Axiomatic design has the potential to help designers understand the increased design freedom and limitations of additive manufacturing prior to starting the actual design process. The purpose of this study is to verify the usefulness of Axiomatic Design in the design process of complex additively manufactured components. The article uses a case study involving the design of a non-assembly turbine to demonstrate that Axiomatic Design can be applied as a supportive tool to acquire information on new limitations imposed by additive manufacturing, such as minimum wall thickness and maximum size of parts. The use of axiomatic design is demonstrated by describing the process of decomposition of the non-assembly turbine and examining the suitability of the general design according to the independence axiom. The resulting decomposition chart is subsequently used as a basis by the authors to design individually two competing designs of a turbine. Finally, the information axiom is used to determine the design with the lowest information content according to design (part and support volume), performance (pressure drop) and economic parameters (cost).
Periodic Motions With Grazing in a Discontinuous Dynamical System With Two Circular Boundaries
Authors: Guo Siyu , Luo Albert C. J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, studied are periodic motions with grazing in a discontinuous dynamical system with two circular boundaries. The grazing motion is for a periodic motion switching to another periodic motions. Thus, the sufficient and necessary conditions of motion switching, grazing and sliding on the boundaries are discussed first. Periodic motions with grazing in the discontinuous system are presented for illustration of motions switching.
Jet Initiation After Drop Impact on Micropatterned Hydrophilic Surfaces
Authors: Siddique Anayet Ullah , Zhao Feng , Weislogel Mark , Tan Hua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Droplet-wall impacts are well known to produce a wide variety of outcomes such as spreading, splashing, jetting, receding, and rebounding from hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. In this work, we focus on the growth of jets that form during the partial recoil of liquid droplets that impinge upon hydrophilic substrates composed of cylindrical micro-pillars of various dimensions and distributions (i.e., height, width, pillar spacing, etc.). Micro-pillars are fabricated on the hydrophilic silicon wafers by standard microfabrication processes, including metal etch mask patterning by photolithography, metal deposition, and lift-off to achieve the designed pillar shapes and spacing, and followed by dry etching for various pillar heights. Micrometer-sized drops of glycerol mixtures impacting micro-structured wafers are investigated using high-speed video photography. Impact velocities are varied to observe the influence of Weber number on the dynamic properties of the rebounding jet and jet initiation time, as well as whether or not the jet detaches ejecting satellite droplets normal to the substrate surface. The specific influence of the micro-patterned surfaces on maximum spreading, jet formation, jet tip velocity, and jet ejection is characterized. We find that the micro-patterned substrates have a significant effect on the behavior of the drop impact and jetting mechanism. From our experiments, we find that jet velocity is approximately 4 times that of the drop impact velocity. The jet formation time is shown to follow the capillary time scale as (ρDi3/σ)½ (where ρ, Di, and σ are density, initial droplet diameter, and surface tension, respectively).
Three Dimensional Dynamic Model Development and Validation for Stranded Cables
Authors: Jalali Mohammad Hadi , McKercher Richard , Rideout Geoff 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Interactions between cables and structures affect the design and non-destructive testing of electricity transmission lines, guyed towers, and bridges. In order to understand the effect of conductors on dynamics of utility poles, a three dimensional dynamic model for stranded cables is presented based on the bond graph formalism and validated through experimentation. The cable is modeled considering the bending stiffness, tension and sag due to self-weight. The model consists of three-dimensional rigid segments, connected with translational and rotational springs and dampers. To validate the model, an instrumented set up for a stranded cable was tested in the laboratory and the model was validated in both the in-plane and out-of-plane directions in the frequency domain by measuring the cable response to hammer impacts in both directions. Time domain response obtained from simulation was also validated with experimental time response by performing a free vibration test. A set up was designed and built to accurately measure the bending stiffness of a stranded cable in different tensions and the measured values for bending stiffness were used in the numerical model. It was observed that the bending stiffness increased with the increase in tension. The modal properties of the cable were obtained numerically and experimentally for different tensions and consequently for different amounts of sag. The model is verified to have sufficient fidelity to predict the dynamics of cables undergoing both in-plane and out-of-plane motion, and can be used in a pole-cable system model to investigate the effect of cable on dynamics on poles or structures.
A Multi-Stage Optimization Approach for Energy Supply Systems With Discrete Design Decisions
Authors: Bruche S. , Tsatsaronis G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mixed integer linear programming is frequently applied to identify promising design solutions of energy supply systems. However, application-relevant optimization models are often associated with complicating model features, e.g. numerous discrete design candidates or a large time horizon of the optimization. So, even state-of-the-art solvers may be confronted with major challenges to find satisfying solutions within reasonable time. In this paper a systematic multi-stage optimization approach is proposed that is intended to support the available algorithms in solving these complex problems. The basic idea of the approach is the distribution of the original problem into two major levels. On the first level, promising design candidates are generated using simplified optimization models. These simplifications are achieved through time series aggregation and the relaxation of operational binary variables. In the second stage, the objective values of the design candidates for the original problem are determined. The division of the problem into two stages leads to a significant reduction in required optimization time but simultaneously leads to an uncertainty regarding the quality of the found solution. Therefore, in a subsequent step, it is checked whether the objective value is within an acceptable distance from the theoretically best solution. If this is not the case, the first two steps are iteratively repeated. The proposed multi-stage approach is applied to the optimization of an energy supply system located in Germany. The results show a superior performance regarding required optimization time over conventional methods.
On Dimension Synthesis of Hart’s Inversor III Straight-Line Mechanism As a Precision Robotic End-of-Arm Tool
Authors: Huang Ming Z. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In flexible manufacturing systems, straight line motions are often required in part handling, assembly, cutting, sealing, or welding operations. Rather than using a high performance industrial robot to execute the path directly, employment of a less precise robot outfitted with an end-of-arm tool comprising an exact straight line mechanism could be more effective in both performance and in cost. Exact straight line mechanisms with pin connections are easy to manufacture and assemble, in comparison to those realized by translational joints where alignment of linear axes or surface could be problematic. Such an issue becomes even more difficult when relatively large stroke and/or high precision of straight line motion is required. In this paper, a study of the kinematic characteristics of a special class of exact straight line mechanisms, Hart’s Inversor Type III, with emphasis toward dimension synthesis, is presented. An analytical approach for sizing the link lengths with respect to a desirable straight line stroke constraint is developed and illustrated with examples. Also presented are stiffness and mechanical advantage characteristics for additional design considerations.
A Systematic Material Design Approach to Develop Self-Lubricating Ceramic-Composite Tool Inserts for Dry Cutting Conditions
Authors: Akhtar Syed Sohail 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A systematic approach is the focus of the current work in order to design and develop ceramic composites for cutting tool inserts with a balanced combination of structural and thermal properties together with enhanced antifriction characteristics. In the material design stage, various combinations of ceramic materials and inclusions with optimum self-lubricating attributes are selected based on predictions of mechanical and thermal properties using in-house built codes. A mean-field homogenization scheme is used to predict the constitutive behavior while J-integral based fracture toughness model is used to predict the effective fracture toughness of the ceramic composites. An effective medium approximation is used to predict the potential optimum thermal properties. The current strategy incorporates thermal and structural properties of composites as a constraint on the design process together with self-lubrication property. Among various metallic and carbon-based fillers, silicon carbide (SiC) together with titanium oxide (TiO2) and graphite are found the most suitable candidate fillers in alumina (Al2O3) matrix to produce cutting inserts with best combinations of thermal, structural and tribological properties. As a validation, various combinations of Al2O3-SiC-TiO2 and Al2O3-SiC-TiO2 composites are developed in line with the designed range of filler size and volume fraction using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) process to complement the material design.
A Methodology for Virtual Factory Applications Definition, Development and Validation
Authors: Marcelino-Jesus Elsa , Sarraipa Joao , Fraile Francisco , Poler Raul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Virtual Factory Open Operating System (vf-OS) aims to become the reference system software for managing factory related computer hardware and software resources and providing common services for factory computational programs. Additionally, it provides a methodology to support the implementation of virtual factory applications to be deployed in industrial scenarios. This paper focuses on this proposed methodology that guides the virtual factory applications definition, development, and validation. It takes into account the industrial application requirements and specifications to technically and business validate its integration in the proposed vf-OS environment and in the real factory production. Thus, this methodology presents the successive steps and interactions that occur in the process, during the following proposed three phases. In the starting phase, the functionality of the application taking into consideration the actors involved in the process e.g. manufacturing and logistics users and software developers is defined. The development and test phase represent the moment in which the applications are developed, deployed and tested inside pilots’ premises. The evaluation phase is when applications are validated by the evaluators to guarantee that they fulfil the needs of the users. In line with these phases, the methodology presents templates and guidelines that both developers and users should fill to create a common understanding of what is desired. This includes a use case definition template, an application questionnaire, and guidelines for the creation of sketches, mock-ups, and workflow diagrams. This paper demonstrates the proposed methodology reporting the evaluation conducted in three different industrial pilots: 1) manufacturing and logistics or automation: applications focused on providing support to maintenance and spare part stock management in automation production equipment; 2) construction or industrialization: applications to improve time and resource utilization in construction projects through advanced collaboration between construction managers and material providers; 3) manufacturing assembly or collaboration: applications to enable collaborative design and manufacturing of complex products.
Secondary Flows in Eccentric-Annular Tubes
Authors: Letelier Mario , Siginer Dennis A. , Almendra Diego L. , Stockle Juan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, transversal flow field of nonlinear viscoelastic fluids abiding by the modified-Phan-Thien-Tanner (MPTT) constitutive model in straight tubes of eccentric-annular cross-section is investigated. An analytical solution is developed based on an asymptotic expansion in terms of the Weissenberg number coupled with the shape factor method a one-to-one mapping taking the circular cross-section into the eccentric annular cross section. The analysis reveals the formation of transversal flows due to elasticity and to the eccentricity parameter. The number of vortices in the cross-section depends on the ratio of the diameters in addition to the eccentricity parameter. The effect of these parameters on the vortical structure is explored for different values of the material parameters.
Mesh-Less Analysis of Products: A Revolution Within Computer Based Design Analysis
Authors: Petersson Håkan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For many years, FEA (finite element analysis) has been the dominant way of evaluating the mechanical properties of products. Engineers and design analysts are well familiar with the technology, and it is used for a lot of different types of phenomena. It is not easy to use FEA as it requires a lot of knowledge and skills for the analysis to be successful. One of the many problems is that it quickly becomes a large model with a large number of equations that have to be solved. A computer with a large internal memory, a fast CPU and fast hard disk drives is expensive to purchase and to keep up to date.
Another problem is when thin-walled solids have to be analyzed. You usually need 2–3 elements in thickness to be able to obtain all stresses, which requires a lot of elements and nodes and makes the computations large or even too large. To solve these types of problem, a conversion to surfaces has to be made, where 2D shell elements may be used. Converting solids to surfaces can be demanding and time-consuming. It is a compromise, but it is solvable as a 2D model. As we all know, all body-in-white, e.g., automotive and aerospace industry, is analyzed by this method.
A new type of software has recently reached the market, mesh-less design analysis, which makes it possible to perform design analysis in all kind of solids, very quickly and by using much less solving time and computer power. As this type of software doesn’t mesh the geometry, much time can be saved both on the geometry but also on waiting time for the problem to be solved. The main question is, “is it too good to be true”?
In this paper, the focus is on comparing two types of design analysis software, traditional FEA, and mesh-less design analysis. Different samples of design problems have been analyzed and compared; results and conclusions are reported.