bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Technology: Transformation of Domestic Bio-Waste into Electricity Energy to Mitigate the Global Energy and Environmental Vulnerability
Authors: Hossain Md. Faruque 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Green Technology, a sustainable mechanism is being proposed to fulfill the complete need of energy for a building that can be created by the building itself by the transformation process of domestic biowaste into electricity energy in site.Results The results suggested that the transformation of domestic biowaste including human feces to execute into converting process into an anaerobic tank bioreactor (BR) in the cellar which can form biogas (CH4) by methanogenesis that can be converted into electricity energy to power the entire building. Besides, the discharged waste water in another detention tank can be conducted a complete treatment process of primary, secondary, tertiary and UV application to utilize it for gardening.Conclusions Implementation of this technology indeed shall be an inventive field of science where a building can form electricity by itself to complete its total energy need without any connection with the utility authorities which is benevolent to environment.
Height of Iranian Children Age 7-18 in Comparison with WHO (2007), CDC (2000) and NCHS (1977) Global Standards: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yazdani Asou , Shakarami Saba , Najafi Reza , Moafi-Madani Miremad , Dianatinasab Mostafa , Sayehmiri Kourosh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : Growth assessment based on standardized height and weight tables and charts is an essential part of healthcare monitoring and services for children and adolescents. The present systematic and meta-analysis study aimed to determine the height of Iranian children aged 7 to 18 years and compare it with the global standards. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed on all relevant studies published until November 2018. The databases Iranmedex, Magiran, SID, IranDoc, Medline, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane and Google Scholar were searched using mesh and non-mesh keywords. Findings of the reviewed studies were compiled using the random effects model. Data heterogeneity was calculated using the Q statistic and the I 2 index. Results: 37 articles were found eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The total sample size in these studies was 395,210, consisting of 189,985 males and 205,372 females. The mean height of 18-year-old Iranian girls ( ) was, respectively, 5.30, 5.38, 5.37 cm lower than the reference figures given by WHO ( ), CDC ( ), and NCHS ( ). Similarly, the mean height of 18-year-old Iranian boys ( ) was, respectively, 5.05, 5.09, 5.07 cm lower than the WHO ( ), CDC ( ), and NCHS ( ) standards. Conclusions: Given the slightly different growth pattern and low mean height of Iranian girls and boys compared to the global standards, it is imperative to develop and provide more generalizable growth charts for Iranian children in order to improve the quality of growth assessment undertaken for these age groups.
Spontaneous Space Closure After the Extraction of the Permanent First Molar on Mandibular Arch: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ciftci volkan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: First permanent molars (FPMs) with poor prognosis are generally extracted during the early formation of bifurcation of second permanent molars (SPMs) in order to achieve spontaneous space closure. The literature is limited about the factors associated with spontaneous space closure for mandibular arch. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic radiographic factors, such as developmental stage of SPM, angulation of SPM and presence/absence of the third molar associated with the spontaneous space closure after the FPM extraction. Methods: A total of 177 mandibular SPMs were included in this study. The prognostic factors determining successful space closure such as SPM developmental stage, SPM angulation using a measurement scale, and presence /absence of the third molar on the panoramic radiograph were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients at the time of extraction of SPM was 9.4 years and post-extraction radiographic assessment at the time of the study was 12.7 years. Out of the total 177 mandibular SPMs, 36 SPMs (20.3%) were at Demirjian stage D, 63 (35.6%) at stage E, 60 (34%) at stage F, 18 (10.1%) at stage G. 16 SPMs (9%) have distal angulation, 21 SPMs (11.8%) have mesial angulation and 140 SPMs(79.1%) have upright angulation. At the time of radiographic assessment, 80.2% of the mandibular quadrants showed evidence of third molar formation. Out of 177 mandibular SPMs, only 105 (59.3%) exhibited successful space closure in the mandibular arch. Conclusions: There is no statistically significance between the chronological age and the developmental stage of the mandibular SPM with the successful spontaneous space closure at the time of the dental extraction of FPMs. The presence of the mandibular third molar may be considered for the spontaneous space closure in mandibular arch. Keywords : Extraction of Permanent Molar, Measurement Scale, Spontaneous space closure
Recall of Tobacco Corrective-statements advertisements and Effects on Health Information-seeking Behavior
Authors: Aldukhail Shaikha , Agaku Israel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: In the 2006, landmark ruling, US District Judge Gladys Kessler instructed tobacco companies to disseminate corrective-statements (CSs) against their products through media advertisements. This study objectives were to (1) examine the proportion of adults who were exposed to each of the five CS messages ; and to (2) describe the association between exposure to CSs and health-information seeking behavior among the US adult population.Methods: Data, settings, participants, outcomes, and statistical approach.We analyzed the most recent nationally representative data from the population-based cross-sectional survey of US adults, the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS5-Cycle2,2018). Data collection began in January 2018 and concluded in May 2018, and analysis took place from May 2019 to October 2019. Statistical significance was defined as a P-value less than 0.05, and all tests were 2-tailed. All data were weighted to be nationally representative.Results: Key findings.Exposure to CS was not independently associated with health-information seeking behavior. Among exposed, those with less than high school education sought out health information significantly less (70.2%, 95%CI=53.8-86.5) compared to college graduates (93.3%, 95%CI=90.8 - 95.7) (p<0.0002); exposed females reported higher prevalence of seeking healthinformation 88.4% (95%CI= 85.9– 90.96) compared to males at 75.4% (95%CI =67.3– 83.6) (p<0.0001). Assessing the impact of CS language and advertisement framing on message recall, we found that majority reported exposure to (Message 1) “health effects of smoking.” estimated at 85.8% (95%CI= 82.9 – 88.6). Followed by 65.8% (95%CI= 61.1 – 70.5) recalling (Message 2) “health effects of secondhand smoke”.Our logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of health information seeking were two times higher in females (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR], 2.07; 95%CI=1.59- 2.69); while odds were 2.55 folds higher among those who had at least college education (95% CI= 1.26 - 5.21), compared with less than high school. Compared to white adults, odds of seeking health information were lower among Blacks (AOR=0.46; 95%CI=0.29 - 0.74) and Hispanics (AOR=0.51; 95%CI= 0.33 - 0.79).﻿Conclusions: Key message and implications.This study found that the court ordered national antismoking advertising campaign had different exposure and recall patterns in subgroups depending on the message category. While some messages were easier to recall others, perhaps more technical ones, were less likely to make an impact on participants’ memory and prompt change to health behavior.
Factors affecting male partners’ involvement in maternity waiting home utilization in North Achefer district, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Asmare Getachew , Nigatu Dabere , Debela Yamrot 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Maternity waiting home is a direct strategy to improving newborn and maternal survival. The utilization of maternity waiting home, however, remains very low in Ethiopia. The involvement of men in maternal health programs is a key strategy to increase utilization of various maternal health services including maternity waiting home. Thus, this study is aimed to determine the proportion of and factors affecting male partners’ involvement in maternity home utilization.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November 01 – December 30, 2018. A total of 403 male partners were involved in the study. Data were analyzed by statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23. Independent predictors were identified by multivariable logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was reported.Results: The proportion of male partner’s involvement in maternity waiting home utilization was 55.6% (50.71, 60.45). Age (AOR=0.88, 95% CI=0.82-0.94), knowledge (AOR=4.75, 95% CI=2.65-8.49), decision making power (AOR=4.00, 95% CI=1.38-11.57), and male partners’ who got counseling about maternity waiting home during spousal antenatal care visit (AOR=9.15, 95% CI=3.34-25.03) had statistically significant association with male partner’s involvement in maternity waiting home utilization.Conclusions: Nearly, a half of male partners were involved in maternity waiting home utilization. Men’s age, knowledge, decision making power, and receiving counseling were factors for male partner involvement in maternity waiting home utilization. Targeted interventions on increasing men’s knowledge about maternity waiting home and changing patriarchal thinking in the society can improve men’s involvement in maternity waiting home utilization.
Views and Experiences of Overweight and Obese Adults on the Barriers and Facilitators to Weight Loss in Southeast Brazil: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Morgan Caroline , Wildt Gilles de , Virmond Marcos , Riley Ruth , Thanikachalam Nisha , Prado Renata Billion Ruiz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Brazil has seen a large increase in obesity with 54% of the Brazilian population being overweight, of which 20% is obese. Obesity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease: the leading cause of mortality in Brazil. Weight loss can reduce the health and economic burden of obesity-related diseases. Despite many weight loss strategies, the obesity rate in Brazil remains high. This study aims to identify the barriers and facilitators to weight loss as perceived by patients with a view to reducing the burden of obesity-related diseases on patients and healthcare services.Methods Fifteen qualitative, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with the primary researcher in the preventive medicine department in a private health clinic in Bauru, Sao Paulo State, Southeast Brazil. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted.Results Barriers and facilitators were classified into three key themes: lifestyle, motivation and education. Barriers included the expensive cost of a healthy lifestyle, junk food advertising, risks of outdoor exercise, time restrictions, poor mental health, sleep deprivation, medication side-effects, misinformation and lack of accessibility to weight loss treatment through the public healthcare system. Facilitators to weight loss included a change in eating habits, packed meals, documenting eating habits, motivation from consequences of obesity, acceptance of a lifelong commitment, support from social capital, psychologists in the multidisciplinary team, financial support and good quality education, particularly the use of expert patients as educators.Conclusion The study contributes to the existing literature on obesity in Brazil. Barriers to a healthy lifestyle such as financial difficulties, accessibility to treatment and junk food advertising need to be addressed. Education is vital to promote the facilitators and target these barriers and dispelling myths on weight loss. Expert patients should be utilised as an education method, as they increase motivation and provide realistic expectations of the weight loss process.
Barriers and facilitators of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) intention among Chinese men who have sex with men
Authors: Su Xiaoyou , Si Mingyu , Yan Li , Jiang Yu , Liu Yuanli , Wei Chongyi , Yan Hongjing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDespite strengthened efforts on HIV prevention and control, new HIV infections continue to increase among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a highly effective HIV prevention tool, has recently been included in China’s Action Plan of HIV Prevention and Control. To inform future PrEP implementation, this study aims to identify the barriers and facilitators of PrEP intention among MSM in China. MethodsIn 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 300 MSM in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Questions on demographics, sexual behavior (including a 7-item high-risk behavior index), PrEP use intention, PrEP-related awareness and accessibility, and a 7-item public HIV stigma scale were included in the questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with PrEP intention. ResultsOverall, 44.67% had more than 2 male sexual partners and 5.56% had HIV-positive sexual partners. Just 57.00% had heard of PrEP and only 4 (1.33%) participants had used PrEP. However, 75.34% expressed a willingness to use oral PrEP if its efficacy was assured. Beliefs that ‘PrEP can prevent HIV if taken as prescribed’ (aOR=4.84, p<0.001), and ‘PrEP can be scaled up in the community’ (aOR=3.24, p<0.001), were positively associated with oral PrEP intention. Concerns of side effects were negatively associated with oral PrEP intention (aOR=0.32, p =0.006). Respectively 77.00% of the participants would choose injectable or implanted PrEP instead of oral PrEP. One of the PrEP stigma items, ‘Not certain if doctors can prescribe PrEP if I go to the clinic’ was positively associated with the intention to use injectable or implanted PrEP (aOR=3.03). Individuals who had heard of PrEP (aOR=2.74) and believed ‘PrEP can prevent HIV if taken as prescribed’ (aOR=2.65) were also positively related to the intention to use injectable or implanted PrEP. The most common concerns regarding PrEP use were efficacy (44.67%) and side effects (38.67%). The most common reasons for using injectable and implanted PrEP were adherence (81.94% and 77.86%, respectively) and privacy concerns (56.48% and 55.00%, respectively). Affordable price and coverage of health insurance are the driving factors for using PrEP. ConclusionsGiven the relatively low awareness of PrEP-related information in China, interventions on awareness and knowledge targeting high risk individuals and communities are needed. Furthermore, additional alternatives to prevent HIV, such as long-acting injectable or implanted PrEP, should be investigated to reduce the risk of HIV infection in at-risk MSM. Particularly, it is necessary to develop a more supportive social environment for MSM when implementing PrEP programs that are approved by China’s FDA.
Welsh primary schoolchildren’s perceptions of e-cigarettes: a mixed method study
Authors: Porcellato Lorna , Houle-Ross Kim , Quigg Zara , Gee Ivan , Harris Jane , Bigland Charlotte , Bates Rebecca , Timpson Hannah , Bishop Julie , Gould Ashley , Davis Alisha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: There are concerns that the growing popularity of e-cigarettes promotes experimentation among children. Current research has focused almost exclusively on children over 11 years. Given the possible lifelong health harms caused by behaviours established in early childhood, understanding younger children’s perceptions is essential; to inform tobacco control policies, prevention strategies and the wider debate on further regulation of vaping. In one of the first global studies to provide insights into younger children’s perceptions of e-cigarettes, we explored Welsh primary schoolchildren’s (aged 7-11) awareness of e-cigarettes relative to tobacco smoking, their understanding of the risks and benefits associated with e-cigarettes and their intentions and beliefs about vaping. Methods: Data was collected using a mix of methods in June and July 2017 from 8 purposively selected primary schools across Wales. Four hundred and ninety-five children (52% female), aged 7 years (n=165), 9 years (n=185) and 11 years (n=145) completed a class-administered booklet encompassing a draw and write exercise and questionnaire. Ninety-six children participated in 24 peer cohort-based discussion groups comprised of 2 boys and 2 girls. Data from the three tools were analysed independently and findings triangulated. Questionnaire analyses used frequencies, descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests. Content analysis was undertaken on the draw and write data and peer discussion groups were analysed thematically. Results: Primary schoolchildren have general awareness of e-cigarettes but understanding of any health harms or the role of nicotine in e-cigarettes is poor or misperceived, particularly in the youngest children. Vaping was viewed as healthier than smoking by most and there was some recognition that e-cigarettes were used for smoking cessation. Few children intended to smoke (1.8%) or vape (3.9%) in the future but almost half thought it was okay for grownups. Children’s perceptions were influenced by exposure through family and friends. Conclusions: There is a need for e-cigarette education in primary schools. Health promotion efforts should reinforce the message that vaping is ‘less harmful’ rather than ‘healthier’ and highlight associated risks of e-cigarette experimentation including the potential for tobacco initiation. Further research is needed to explore whether children’s perceptions influence their future use of tobacco or e-cigarettes.
Reception of Natalie's Ramonda, Armistice Day Symbol in Serbia
Authors: Kovač Senka 
Published: January 2020

Nataliе’s Ramonda, a symbol of Armistice Day – November 11 in Serbia, is a new memorial symbol constructed and promoted by politicians in 2012. The Armistice Day was celebrated then as a national holiday in Serbia. The reception of this symbol has been explored over a five-year period, both in a public discourse and on a representative sample of first year students at the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade. In public discourse, as well as among students of the Faculty of Philosophy, Natalie’s Ramonda is perceived as an emblem, a badge, and most often as a symbol.
It was seen as an emblem on the lapel of public and media figures, inaccessible to broad commercial promotion and sales. In public discourse and among students at the Faculty of Philosophy, Natalie’s Ramonda was perceived in several answers as a medal, and is also recognized as a flower that symbolizes the suffering of the Serbian people in World War One; symbol of the nation’s rebirth – the flower phoenix, as a mark of peace and freedom.
As a newly constructed symbol of the Armistice Day in Serbia, for the past seven years, Natalie’s Ramonda has been a mediator in the public culture of remembrance and in the ongoing process, by becoming a part of cultural memory.
Medical and social characteristics of families and psychological characteristics of mothers of children born with a body weight of less than 1500 g
Authors: Matveeva E. A. , Malyshkina A. I. , Filkina O. M. , Kocherova O. Yu. , Dolotova N. V. 
Published: January 2020

In order to study the medical and social characteristics of families, an analysis of the biological and social history of mothers and fathers of children born with a body weight less than 1500 was carried out. To identify the psychological characteristics, mothers were tested.It has been established that the social characteristics of the families of children born with a body weight of less than 1500 g was favorable – most families were two-parent, had satisfactory living conditions, mothers and fathers of these children were working and had education not lower than secondary special. The majority of fathers (80%) considered themselves healthy, the state of health of mothers was characterized by a high frequency of somatic pathology, only 27% of women were healthy. The majority of fathers and mothers noted the impact of occupational hazards, while the mothers’ adverse factors were mainly associated with intellectual activity, and the fathers – with physical labor. Half of mothers and 70% of fathers belonged to the age group of 30 years and older. Despite the favorable characteristics of reproductive behavior at the stage of pregravid preparation and in the first trimester of pregnancy, mothers who gave birth to children weighing less than 1500 g were characterized by an unfavorable obstetric gynecological history and a high incidence of gynecological pathology. Psychological features of mothers consisted in a high frequency of accentuation of hyperthymic character traits, a desire to emphasize determination and masculinity, anxiety, impulsivity, which may indicate a compensatory reaction to a stressful situation – the birth of a premature baby. This is also indicated by the high frequency of psychosomatic (45.9%) and authoritarian (29.5%) types of attitude to the problems of the child. In this regard, only 62.2% of mothers established optimal emotional contact with the child by the end of the neonatal period. The revealed psychological characteristics of mothers require early psychological and psychotherapeutic correction to successfully overcome the stress of giving birth to a premature baby and consolidate all the efforts of a woman for habilitation.
Constructing a 3D geological model from geophysical data for groundwater modelling and management in the Kribi-Campo sedimentary sub-basin, Cameroon
Authors: Yevalla Gah-Muti Salvanus , Blaise Biyong Bi Mback Emmanuel , Seth Rodrigue Ebonji , Beka Étienne Totcha , Tabod Tabod Charles 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Groundwater resources along the coast of Cameroon (Kribi–Campo Sub-Basin) are under siege from point and non-point pollution sources, climate change, urbanization and infrastructure development. This situation is made worse by the absence of a water management and development strategy. Managing and monitoring the area's water resources requires an understanding of the groundwater systems, and thus a thorough understanding of the geology. In this study, a 3D geological model was built from electro-seismic data and the structure of the area's aquifer system developed. The aquifer system structure was transferred into Visual MODFLOW Flex and then used to develop a typical hydrogeological model, which will help the management and monitoring of the area's groundwater resources. As more geological data become available, the current model can be updated easily by editing and recomputing. This work is expected to have a positive impact quite quickly on the provision of potable water and on public health.