bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral therapy with colonization factor antigen I prevents development of type 1 diabetes in Non-obese Diabetic mice
Authors: Nelson Andrew S. , Maddaloni Massimo , Abbott Jeffrey R. , Hoffman Carol , Akgul Ali , Ohland Christina , Gharaibeh Raad Z. , Jobin Christian , Brusko Todd M. , Pascual David W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAntigen (Ag)-specific tolerization prevents type 1 diabetes (T1D) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice but proved less effective in humans. Several auto-Ags are fundamental to disease development, suggesting T1D etiology is heterogeneous and may limit the effectiveness of Ag-specific therapies to distinct disease endotypes. Colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) fimbriae fromEscherichia colican inhibit autoimmune diseases in murine models by inducing bystander tolerance. To test if Ag-independent stimulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) can prevent T1D onset, groups of NOD mice were orally treated withLactococcus lactis(LL) expressing CFA/I. LL-CFA/I treatment beginning at 6 weeks of age reduced disease incidence by 50% (p < 0.05) and increased splenic Tregs producing both IL-10 and IFN-γ 8-fold (p < 0.005) compared to LL-vehicle treated controls. To further describe the role of these Tregs in preventing T1D, protective phenotypes were examined at different time-points. LL-CFA/I treatment suppressed splenic TNF-α+CD8+T cells 6-fold at 11 weeks (p < 0.005) and promoted a distinct microbiome. At 17 weeks, IFN-γ+CD4+T cells were suppressed 10-fold (p < 0.005), and at 30 weeks, pancreatic Tbet+CD4+T cells were suppressed (p < 0.05). These results show oral delivery of modified commensal organisms, such as LL-CFA/I, may be harnessed to restrict Th1 cell-mediated immunity and protect against T1D.
Comatulids (Crinoidea, Comatulida) chemically defend against coral fish by themselves, without assistance from their symbionts
Authors: Kasumyan Alexander , Isaeva Olga , Dgebuadze Polina , Mekhova Elena , Oanh Le Thi Kieu , Britayev Temir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSymbiotic associations between small animals and relatively large sessile invertebrates that use taste deterrents for protection are widespread in the marine environment. To determine whether the symbionts are involved in the chemical protection of their hosts, the palatability of ten species of comatulids and six species of their symbionts was evaluated. Taste attractiveness was determined by offering agar pellets flavoured with extracts of comatulids and their symbionts for four coral reef fish species. Five species of symbiont were highly palatable, and one was indifferent to the taste. Almost all comatulids were distasteful, while their aversiveness was different for different fish. These findings indicate that comatulids chemically defend themselves without assistance from symbionts, and the taste deterrents are not universal and can only be effective against particular predators. The presence of tasteful symbionts reduces the security of their hosts by provoking attacks of predators and may impact on the individual and population fitness of comatulids. However, the chemical protection of comatulids is useful for symbionts and undoubtedly increases their survival. Obtained results allows the relationship between comatulids and their symbionts considered commensalism. Most likely, similar relationships can be established in many other associations, where symbionts inhabit chemically defended coral reef invertebrates.
Monodisperse Pt-Co/GO anodes with varying Pt: Co ratios as highly active and stable electrocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation reaction
Authors: Burhan Hakan , Ay Hasan , Kuyuldar Esra , Sen Fatih 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe intense demand for alternative energy has led to efforts to find highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction. For this purpose, herein, graphene oxide-based platinum-cobalt nanoparticles (Pt100−xCox@GO NPs) were synthesized in different ratios and the synthesized nanoparticles were used directly as an efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The characterizations for the determination of particle size and surface composition of nanoparticles were performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The structure of the catalysts was detected as face-centered cubic and the dispersion of them on graphene oxide was homogenous (distributed narrowly (4.01 ± 0.51 nm)). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) was utilized for testing electrocatalytic activities of all prepared NPs for the methanol oxidation reaction. It was detected that the newly produced NPs were more active and stable than commercially existing Pt(0)/Co nanomaterial in methanol electro-oxidation in acidic media.
Active Volcanism Revealed from a Seismicity Conduit in the Long-resting Tatun Volcano Group of Northern Taiwan
Authors: Pu H. C. , Lin C. H. , Lai Y. C. , Shih M. H. , Chang L. C. , Lee H. F. , Lee P. T. , Hong G. T. , Li Y. H. , Chang W. Y. , Lo C. H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAbundant earthquakes clustered within a particular zone often reflect an active geological feature, such as clustering seismicity along a fault zone and a huge number of volcanic-earthquakes around the erupting conduit. Herein we perform a double-difference tomographic inversion and relocate the seismicity at the long-resting Tatun volcano group (TVG) in northern Taiwan. A dramatic improvement of the earthquake location model surprisingly show that, from 2014 to 2017, two clustered seismic zones are identified in the TVG. One major group of events (>1000) persistently clustered within a ~500 m diameter vertical conduit with a ~2 km height. The clustering seismicity conduit is just located nearby Dayoukeng, one of the strongest fumaroles in the TVG, and is connected to a fracture zone characterized by low Vp/Vs in the shallow crust. The other group of events is clustered within a sphere-like zone beneath Mt. Chihsin around the depths between 0.5 km and 2 km. Both seismic zones are probably triggered by the significantly volcanic gases and fluids ascending from the deep magma reservoir. Combined with a variety of results from literature, the seismicity conduit near the strong fumarole is the evidence for an active volcano and also identifies a likely pathway for ascending magma if the TVG erupts again in the future. But possibility of developing different magma pathways at other clustered seismic zones such as beneath Mt. Chihsin may not be totally excluded.
Presenting a codon-optimized palette of fluorescent proteins for use in Candida albicans
Authors: Van Genechten Wouter , Demuyser Liesbeth , Dedecker Peter , Van Dijck Patrick 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFluorescent proteins with varying colors are indispensable tools for the life sciences research community. These fluorophores are often developed for use in mammalian systems, with incremental enhancements or new versions published frequently. However, the successful application of these labels in other organisms in the tree of life, such as the fungus Candida albicans, can be difficult to achieve due to the difficulty in engineering constructs for good expression in these organisms. In this contribution, we present a palette of Candida-optimized fluorescent proteins ranging from cyan to red and assess their application potential. We also compare a range of reported expression optimization techniques, and find that none of these strategies is generally applicable, and that even very closely related proteins require the application of different strategies to achieve good expression. In addition to reporting new fluorescent protein variants for applications in Candida albicans, our work highlights the ongoing challenges in optimizing protein expression in heterologous systems.
Spectral and accretion evolution of H1743−322 during outbursts in RXTE era
Authors: Aneesha U. , Mandal S. 
Published: April 2020

Aims.We study the spectral evolution of the H1743−322 during outbursts in the RXTE era. We aim to connect the variation of the spectral parameters with the accretion parameters along with the progress of the outbursts. We understand the evolution of the accretion parameters and hence the dynamics of the accretion process in light of the irradiated disc instability model.Methods.We provide a comprehensive study of all the outbursts of H1743−322 between 2003 and 2011. We performed spectral modelling of all the RXTE/PCA observations using phenomenological models. Also, we carried out spectral modelling by a hydrodynamic accretion flow model and estimated the accretion parameters. We applied the irradiated disc instability scenario in the presence of both Keplerian and sub-Keplerain accretion components to understand the evolution of accretion parameters. For this purpose, we propose a toy model for the time variation of the accretion rates following a powerlaw during outbursts.Results.All of the outbursts show spectral state transitions in the hardness-intensity diagram. The 2003 and 2004 outbursts are long-duration outbursts and relatively softer than the other outbursts. The 2008b and 2011 outbursts provide a unique opportunity to estimate the critical accretion rate (ṁdc) for triggering an outburst in this system within a narrow range of 0.076 <ṁdc< 0.086 (in Eddington units). In the absence of any dynamical measurement, we attempt to constrain a few orbital parameters of the system using an assumed mass andṁdcin the range.
Agroforestry as nexus of sustainable development goals
Authors: Noordwijk M van 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Agroforestry, as platform for harmonizing agriculture and forestry in their interactions with landscapes and rural and peri(urban) livelihoods, offers opportunities to benefit from synergies across sustainable development goals (SDGs), and deal with the unavoidable tradeoffs. Such synergy, however, may only emerge if site-specific analysis of the multiple functions of landscapes leads to a shared understanding among stakeholders, clear commitment to common goals, effective means of implementation and a system that remains open to innovation by monitoring functions rather than form, and regularly re-evaluates effectiveness of policy instruments.
Anatomy adaptation of Ketak (Lygodium circinatum (Burm.) Sw) to relative light intensity in agroforestry systems, on Senaru Education Forest, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Wahyuningsih E , Faridah E , Budiadi  , Syahbudin A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Ketak requires other plant as a climbing host for tendrils in order to get light. Research on the types of stands that affect tendril production in agroforestry systems is needed. This study aimed to determine anatomical adaptation of ketak at various types of stands and relative light intensity in agroforestry systems. The research method used a randomized block design. There were 2 treatments i.e. the stand type (natural stands, coffee stands, gliricidia stands, and mahogany stands) and Relative Light Intensity (RLI). Each stand consists of 3 blocks with 30 replication plants, making it a total of 90 plants per stand type. We used natural seedling as understory and combined with forestry plants. Number of leaves, plant height, plant number, plant length, tendrils diameter and growth percentage of ketak, and RLI were measured or calculated in each stand type. Variance analysis was used to determine the effect of stand type. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the relationship between stand types or RLI and number of leaves, plant height, plant number, plant length, and tendrils diameter. This study showed that (1). The growth percentage of ketak in natural stand, coffee stand, gliricidia stand, and mahogany stand respectively 62.22%, 97.77%, 75.56%, and 74.44% (2). The stand type with significant differences were found in the total number of leaves (F = 17.441; p = 0.000); plant height (F = 24.065; p = 0.000) and tendril diameter (F = 7.747; p = 0.000), but not in the total number and lengthof tendrils. (3). There were significant differences in stand type and RLI on total number of leaf, plant height, and tendril diameter of ketak plants with value of total number of leaf (F= 15,92, p = 0,00, and R square = 0,08); value of plant height (F = 34,63, p = 0,00, dan R square = 0,0005); and value of tendril diameter (F = 5,62, p = 0,00, dan R square = 0,0034). While in the total number of tendrils and tendrils length of ketak plants were not significant. The conclusion were (1) The highest growth percentage of ketak in Coffee stand is 97.77%. (2) Coffee stand had the highest influence on the total number of leaves, plant height and tendrils diameter. 3. The stand type and RLI only had a relationship with total number of leaf, plant height, and tendril diameter of ketak plants but not with total number of tendrils and tendrils length.
Application of Glomus sp. and a mix of Glomus sp. with Gigaspora sp. in improving the Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) seedling growth in Ultisol soil
Authors: Rini M V , Susilowati E , Riniarti M , Lukman I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) form symbiotic mutualism with the plant root, where fungi will help the host plant to absorb more nutrients and water from the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two species of AMF namely Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp. in increasing the agarwood seedling growth. The treatments were control (m0), Glomus sp. (m1), Gigaspora sp. (m2), and a mix of Glomus sp. with Gigaspora sp. (m3) with six replications arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The seeds of agarwood were germinated in sterilized sand for one month. The one-month-old seedlings were then transferred into 12 cm × 19 cm polybags containing sterilized ultisol soil. During the time of transplanting, the AMF of 3oo spores per seedling were spread onto the root surface of agarwood seedling. The seedlings remained in the greenhouse for six months. Results showed that AMF increased the shoot and root fresh weights and the shoot and root dry weights. The conclusion showed that agarwood seedlings treated with Glomus sp. (m1) and a mix of Glomus sp. with Gigaspora sp. (m3) gave the highest agarwood seedling growth which indicated by the seedling height, total leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of the shoot and root.
The potential of introducing new variety of Acacia hybrids in agroforestry systems
Authors: Sunarti S , Nirsatmanto A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The increases of multiple economic uses and ecological functions are among the essential targets in developing agroforestry systems. In this case, selecting the appropriate species with the range of characters adapted to agroforestry systems would become important. Breeding practices could be applied to produce high productive trees with such desired characters. Some Acacias species have been commonly planted under agroforestry systems in several locations, particularly in Java Island, due to producing good quality of wood for home industries and the ability to grow in multi-species associations. Acacia hybrids are new variety resulted from breeding through a crossing between two Acacias: Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis. The main target of breeding for this variety is to produce a higher quality of wood combining the good properties from each both of parents in a shorter rotation. Although the breeding process mainly imposed the selection for better growth, tolerance pest and disease, and wood properties as primary economic production, the variety also performs other potential characters suitable for agroforestry systems such as light branching for stimulating the growth of crops, abundant flowers for increasing food for honey bee, produce tannin from bark residu, and high quality of wood pellet from the sawdust.
Characterization of branch waste of several tropical fruit tree species as considerations for bioenergy resources
Authors: Irawati D , Higeta S , Wedatama S , Ishiguri F , Yokota S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aims of this research were to analyse the bio-energy properties of tree branches and determine the appropriate conversion process for the fuel source use of each species. Bio-energy properties, such as proximate analysis, calorific value, firewood value index, and hydrolysis rate of wood, and chemical component content were evaluated for branches of 11 fruit tree species (Cacao, Durian, Java plum, Rose apple, Guava, White leadtree, Mango, Gnetum, Jackfruit, Rambutan, Strawberry tree) planted in Indonesia. Among all 11 species, Rambutan, Mango, and Java plum were the best 3 species for firewood feedstock, with the score 176.6, 169.2, and 163.8 respectively. While Mango, White leadtree, and Jackfruit were the best three species for liquid bio-fuel feedstock, with the score 91.1, 86.6, and 78.0 respectively. The branches of Durian and Gnetum can be used for purposes other than bio-energy due to their low score in both two groups.
Firewood development in Labuhan Badas: consumption and determinants
Authors: Diniyati D , Achmad B , Sudanto M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Little consideration on the relationship between economy and environmental dimensions of firewood causes farmer’s reluctance in planting trees for fuel. This tendency potentially threatens sustainable farmer incomes. This paper investigates supply and demand of firewood, stakeholders involved and determinants of firewood development. The research was conducted on April and October 2016 at Boak community (Labuhan Badas village) who utilize firewood for domestic use and for income generation. A total of 25 households and 8 key persons were selected using purposive sampling. Meanwhile, the numbers of 6 brick/roof tile manufacturing and 3 middlemen were selected using snowball sampling. Data were collected by interview and analysed descriptively. Currently, there are 12,976 m3 firewood deficits for the manufactures of charcoal; limestone; and brick-roof tiles. Unfortunately, none of community intends to replant trees in the forest to suffice firewood needs. The determinants of firewood development consist of three factors namely: the land is abundantly available; the species of firewood has been well recognised; and technology to develop has been mastered. These determinants could be placed as entry points for government to overcome the problem about firewood shortage as well as to increase the farmer income through facilitating the firewood development until farmers get benefit. The government also may subsidize farmers who grow trees for fuel with the efficient stove or other rewards such as reduction on the land and building tax.
Properties of particleboard made from Salacca (Salacca sp) frond
Authors: Widyorini R , Aji K B , Anisa D N , Dewi G K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Salacca frond is a potential agricultural waste material that is not fully utilized yet. This study aimed to investigate the properties of particleboard made from salacca frond. The single-layer and three-layer particleboards were manufactured at three kinds of particle size. The particle size of the core layer was passed through a 10 mesh screen and retained on a 20 mesh screen (-10 +20 mesh). Two different particle sizes of face layer were passed through a 20 mesh screen and retained on a 40 mesh screen (-20 +40 mesh) and passed through a 40 mesh screen and retained on a 60 mesh screen (-40 +60 mesh). The target density of particleboard was set at 0.8 g/cm3 to be pressed at a temperature of 180°C for 10 minutes. Citric acid was used as a bonding agent with 20 wt% based on the dry weight of particles. Physical and mechanical properties tests were performed according to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 for particleboard. The result showed that the single-layer particleboards had higher mechanical properties compared to three-layer particleboards. The highest properties of single-layer particleboard were achieved with the particle size of salacca frond of -40 +60 mesh. The properties of the board met the requirement of the JIS A 5908 type 13 standard. Based on this result, it showed that salacca frond has potential as a material for manufacturing particleboard.
Properties and utilization possibilities of Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) wood from agroforestry plantation
Authors: Sutapa J P G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The increasing output of agroforestry can be achieved by optimizing and improving its wood product. Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) is one of the fast-growing species planted in traditional agroforestry in Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. In this field observation and literature study, the physical and mechanical properties of Mindi wood and the calorific value of the wood waste were evaluated. Finally, the allowable tension (safe load) from Mindi wood for practice application has been calculated. The result indicates that the wood of Mindi is suitable for building construction and furniture material. Its differential shrinkage is in the same range as Teak wood. The allowable tension of Mindi Wood is higher than Quercho blanco wood from Sud America. Furthermore, wood waste of Mindi is suitable for heating material and torrefaction effort will improve its calorific value. Due to its fast growth, good stem quality and its low shading effect of the canopy Mindi is recommended for agroforestry development.
Environmental services of Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L): a potential agroforestry crop in the uplands
Authors: Marin R A , Medina M A P , Paquit J C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the soil erosion rate and soil carbon stock of an adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) farming system at varying slope gradients. The study was carried for a 10-month period following the completely randomized design. The erosion rate was measured using an improvised erosion bar, the infiltration by an infiltrometer, and soil carbon was analysed through a laboratory facility. Findings revealed that erosion rates in the adlay farming system are far beyond the tolerable limit. The slope > 20 % had an erosion rate of 66. 49 tons ha−1 yr−1 while the gentler slope (< 10%) had only 12.5 tons ha-1 yr-1. Soil carbon stock of the area ranged from 1.684 tons ha-1 to 2.2 tons ha-1 across the slope gradients of the farm. The infiltration rate was also found to be higher in a gentler slope (< 10%) at 106.67 mm hr-1 as against 91.33 mm hr-1 in steeper slope (> 20%). Adlay crop may be planted along areas steeper than 10% slope but this requires minimal tillage to minimize soil erosion. The technologies for soil and water conservation measures need to be adopted by the farmers in steeper areas.