bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha‐lipoic acid downregulates TRPV1 receptor via NF‐κB and attenuates neuropathic pain in rats with diabetes
Authors: Zhang Bing‐Yu , Zhang Yi‐Lian , Sun Qian , Zhang Ping‐An , Wang Xi‐Xi , Xu Guang‐Yin , Hu Ji , Zhang Hong‐Hong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsPainful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a refractory complication of diabetes. The study aimed to investigate the role of α‐lipoic acid (ALA) on the regulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats with diabetes.MethodsWhole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings were employed to measure neuronal excitability in DiI‐labeled DRG neurons of control and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were used to determine the expression and location of NF‐κBp65 and TRPV1.ResultsSTZ‐induced hindpaw pain hypersensitivity and neuronal excitability in L4‐6 DRG neurons were attenuated by intraperitoneal injection with ALA once a day lasted for one week. TRPV1 expression was enhanced in L4‐6 DRGs of diabetic rats compared with age‐matched control rats, which was also suppressed by ALA treatment. In addition, TRPV1 and p65 colocated in the same DRG neurons. The expression of p65 was upregulated in L4‐6 DRGs of diabetic rats. Inhibition of p65 signaling using recombinant lentiviral vectors designated as LV‐NF‐κBp65 siRNA remarkably suppressed TRPV1 expression. Finally, p65 expression was downregulated by ALA treatment.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that ALA may alleviate neuropathic pain in diabetes by regulating TRPV1 expression via affecting NF‐κB.
Visual experiences during letter production contribute to the development of the neural systems supporting letter perception
Authors: Vinci‐Booher Sophia , James Karin H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLetter production through handwriting creates visual experiences that may be important for the development of visual letter perception. We sought to better understand the neural responses to different visual percepts created during handwriting at different levels of experience. Three groups of participants, younger children, older children, and adults, ranging in age from 4.5 to 22 years old, were presented with dynamic and static presentations of their own handwritten letters, static presentations of an age‐matched control's handwritten letters, and typeface letters during fMRI. First, data from each group were analyzed through a series of contrasts designed to highlight neural systems that were most sensitive to each visual experience in each age group. We found that younger children recruited ventral‐temporal cortex during perception and this response was associated with the variability present in handwritten forms. Older children and adults also recruited ventral‐temporal cortex; this response, however, was significant for typed letter forms but not variability. The adult response to typed letters was more distributed than in the children, including ventral‐temporal, parietal, and frontal motor cortices. The adult response was also significant for one's own handwritten letters in left parietal cortex. Second, we compared responses among age groups. Compared to older children, younger children demonstrated a greater fusiform response associated with handwritten form variability. When compared to adults, younger children demonstrated a greater response to this variability in left parietal cortex. Our results suggest that the visual perception of the variability present in handwritten forms that occurs during handwriting may contribute to developmental changes in the neural systems that support letter perception.
Fitness consequences of artificial diets with different macronutrient composition for the predatory bug Orius majusculus
Authors: Montoro Marta , De Clercq Patrick , Overgaard Johannes , Sigsgaard Lene 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe commercial production of Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), including Orius majusculus (Reuter), relies on the use of eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as rearing diet. However, E. kuehniella eggs have become an expensive fodder thus increasing the price of these key biological control agents. The use of artificial diets potentially decreases the production costs. In this regard, establishing a link between dietary composition and fitness could advance the development of an optimum alternative artificial diet for these predatory insects. The aim of the current study was to test the effect of six artificial diets with different macronutrient composition on the development and reproductive fitness of O. majusculus when compared with the effect of E. kuehniella eggs. In general, nymphal survival was not affected by diet, whereas development was slightly delayed on artificial diets. However, female body mass and fecundity were significantly lower on all of the artificial diets compared with the E. kuehniella eggs diet, suggesting that artificial diets were of inferior quality. Within artificial diets, females fed the viable diet with highest content in lipid laid more eggs than those raised on the most protein‐rich diets. We found there was some variation in carcass composition between the O. majusculus fed the various diets, but these variations did not match the differences found in the fitness parameters measured.
Frege on the generality of logical laws
Authors: Hutchinson Jim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFrege claims that the laws of logic are characterized by their “generality,” but it is hard to see how this could identify a special feature of those laws. I argue that we must understand this talk of generality in normative terms, but that what Frege says provides a normative demarcation of the logical laws only once we connect it with his thinking about truth and science. He means to be identifying the laws of logic as those that appear in every one of the scientific systems whose construction is the ultimate aim of science, and in which all truths have a place. Though an account of logic in terms of scientific systems might seem hopelessly antiquated, I argue that it is not: A basically Fregean account of the nature of logic still looks quite promising.
Beyond “Snow Shoveler's Infarction”: Broadening perspectives on winter health risks
Authors: Haney Christa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWinter constitutes a significant threat to humans via damages, injuries, and fatalities in mid and high latitude environments. Much of the research into the health impacts of winter centers on urban areas in the snow climates of North America. When considering how humans are vulnerable to winter hazards, the legend of Snow‐Shoveler's Infarction dominates the public's assessment of winter health risks. This article seeks to broaden the understanding of winter hazards by summarizing the diversity of impacts on human health including frostbite, hypothermia, traffic accidents, slips, and falls, unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning in addition to injuries, and fatalities associated with snow removal. Further, social determinants such as poverty and social isolation are identified as being associated with negative health outcomes. The disproportionate health impacts of winter are also summarized, thus revealing how some groups, particularly the disadvantaged, the elderly and those with preexisting health issues in urbanized snow climates of the United States and Canada, are more vulnerable to winter hazards.
Clinical impact of evaluation of frailty in endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer in elderly patients
Authors: Misawa Noboru , Higurashi Takuma , Tachikawa Jun , Tanabe Hiroaki , Yoshihara Tsutomu , Ashikari Keiichi , Kanoshima Kenji , Fuyuki Akiko , Ohkubo Hidenori , Saigusa Yusuke , Chiba Hideyuki , Nonaka Takashi , Kuriyama Hitoshi , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: March 2020

AimsEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) is performed safely and effectively in elderly patients; however, whether ESD for EGC in elderly patients with frailty is safe and improves prognosis remains unclear.MethodsIn total, 142 patients aged ≥80 years who underwent ESD for EGC between September 2008 and September 2014 were included. We compared outcomes between patients with frailty and those without frailty. Frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) based on a patient's status before admission. Study endpoints were short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes after ESD.ResultsPatients were allocated into two groups: no frailty (CFS 1–3, n = 101) versus frailty (CFS 4–7, n = 41). Short‐term clinical outcomes, specifically, adverse events and curability, did not differ between the two groups. For the long‐term clinical outcomes, patients with frailty had significantly worse outcomes after ESD than those without frailty (the 3‐year overall survival rates were 73.2% vs. 93.1%; P < 0.001 with log‐rank test). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that frailty was only an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.ConclusionsESD for EGC is safe for elderly patients with or without frailty. However, elderly patients with frailty have a significantly poorer prognosis than those without frailty after ESD. Our results indicate that the frailty evaluation may be helpful to determine whether ESD for EGC should be performed. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 461–466.
Smoothing and Benchmarking for Small Area Estimation
Authors: Steorts Rebecca C. , Schmid Timo , Tzavidis Nikos 
Published: March 2020

SummarySmall area estimation is concerned with methodology for estimating population parameters associated with a geographic area defined by a cross‐classification that may also include non‐geographic dimensions. In this paper, we develop constrained estimation methods for small area problems: those requiring smoothness with respect to similarity across areas, such as geographic proximity or clustering by covariates, and benchmarking constraints, requiring weighted means of estimates to agree across levels of aggregation. We develop methods for constrained estimation decision theoretically and discuss their geometric interpretation. The constrained estimators are the solutions to tractable optimisation problems and have closed‐form solutions. Mean squared errors of the constrained estimators are calculated via bootstrapping. Our approach assumes the Bayes estimator exists and is applicable to any proposed model. In addition, we give special cases of our techniques under certain distributional assumptions. We illustrate the proposed methodology using web‐scraped data on Berlin rents aggregated over areas to ensure privacy.
Tuning the luminescence properties of Mn4+‐activated CaYAlO4 phosphor by co‐doping cations for indoor plant cultivation
Authors: Zhang Yongli , Huang Yuding , Li Minghui , Liang Chao , Zhu Haifeng , Zhong Yuan , Yang Nan , Zhou Zhi , Xia Mao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo fulfil the demands of high‐power plant growth lamps, cation co‐doping is an effective way to tune the photoluminescence properties of manganese (Ⅳ)‐activated aluminate phosphors. Therefore, we managed to synthesize a series of cations co‐doped CaYAlO4:xMn4+, mSr2+, M+ (M+ = Li+, Na+, and K+) (CYAO:Mn, Sr, M) far‐red‐emitting phosphors. The excitation spectrum of these phosphors contained two excitation bands, and the opposite effects of these two bands on the luminescence intensity have been observed with the increase of Mn4+ concentration. By adding 0.1 mol Sr2+ ions to replace Ca2+ site, the emission intensity and thermal stability of CYAO:Mn phosphors can be enhanced. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of CSYAO:Mn can be further improved by co‐doping monovalent alkali metal ions to serve as charge compensators, the increased number of Mn4+ luminescence centers. Moreover, 0.6 mol% Na+ can increase the initial emission intensity of the phosphors by 117% as the best ratio. The characteristic emission spectrum of the phosphors CYAO:Mn,Sr,M correspond to the phytochrome PFR of plants. These experiments and characterization results have certified that these phosphors have a potential application in indoor plants cultivation.
The reasonably prudent person, or me?
Authors: Simpson Ain , Alicke Mark D. , Gordon Ellen , Rose David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAbundant research concerning the role of the self in social judgment suggests that people have a strong tendency to evaluate others’ actions, preferences, and values with regard to their own. Reliance on self‐standards contrasts with the legal standard of the reasonably prudent person (RPP) standard, which presumably represents the behavior of the average person in the community. In three studies that investigated judgments of harmful actions, we compared the influence of self‐standards (“How likely would I behave in this manner?”) and RPP estimates (“How likely would the average, reasonable person in the community behave in this manner?”). In each study, self‐standards influenced participants’ judgments of guilt and the acceptability of the defendant's actions more than did judgments about what a RPP would do. Studies 2a and 2b also investigated attitudinal differences in susceptibility to RPP consensus manipulations. Participants judged a target who committed murder in self‐defense, and also projected their own hypothetical behavior in the scenario. When the manipulated RPP disapproved of the murder, the target was deemed more culpable, but only among participants who themselves were unwilling to commit the hypothetical act. Participants who expressed willingness to murder in self‐defense were unaffected by RPP information, regardless of whether or not it was consistent with their own stance. Hence, RPP information at best exerted minimal influence on juridical judgments, and only among certain participants. Implications of these findings for legal applications of the RPP, and for the role of the self in social judgment, are discussed.
Acetylcholine decreases formation of myofibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix production in an in vitro human corneal fibrosis model
Authors: Słoniecka Marta , Danielson Patrik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcetylcholine (ACh) has been reported to play various physiological roles, including wound healing in the cornea. Here, we study the role of ACh in the transition of corneal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and in consequence its role in the onset of fibrosis, in an in vitro human corneal fibrosis model. Primary human keratocytes were obtained from healthy corneas. Vitamin C (VitC) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) were used to induce fibrosis in corneal fibroblasts. qRT‐PCR and ELISA analyses showed that gene expression and production of collagen I, collagen III, collagen V, lumican, fibronectin (FN) and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) were reduced by ACh in quiescent keratocytes. ACh treatment furthermore decreased gene expression and production of collagen I, collagen III, collagen V, lumican, FN and α‐SMA during the transition of corneal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, after induction of fibrotic process. ACh inhibited corneal fibroblasts from developing contractile activity during the process of fibrosis, as assessed with collagen gel contraction assay. Moreover, the effect of ACh was dependent on activation of muscarinic ACh receptors. These results show that ACh has an anti‐fibrotic effect in an in vitro human corneal fibrosis model, as it negatively affects the transition of corneal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Therefore, ACh might play a role in the onset of fibrosis in the corneal stroma.
Development of a validated short‐form of the Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale, the CADIS‐SF15
Authors: Gabes M. , Chamlin S.L. , Lai J.‐S. , Cella D. , Mancini A.J. , Apfelbacher C.J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale (CADIS) with 45 items may be burdensome to complete. We therefore aimed to develop a CADIS short‐form.MethodsParents of 300 children completed the prototype CADIS. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the 45‐item CADIS version. The most representative items were chosen. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the a priori factor structure. Content validity was assessed in a focus group of patients, parents, clinicians, methodologists and industry delegates. Internal consistency, 48‐h test–retest reliability, construct validity and responsiveness of the newly developed short‐form were assessed.ResultsA total of 270 families provided data at baseline, 34 after 48 h and 228 after 4 weeks. Fourteen items of three different factors fulfilled the proposed eligibility criteria and were included in the draft short‐form. After the content validity rating, one item relating to the child’s sleep was added to further improve content validity. The confirmatory factor analyses showed good model fit, and a 15‐item short‐form was initiated, the CADIS‐SF15. The total scale and the three domains showed good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The correlation between SCORAD and other subjective measures was consistent with our hypotheses. Differences in scores between mild, moderate and severe AD patients were significant, and the CADIS‐SF15 was able to detect changes in ‘improving’ patients over time.ConclusionThe CADIS‐SF15 with 15 items in three domains is an internally consistent, reliable, valid, responsive and brief measure of QoL in children affected with AD and their parents. Further evaluation of clinical applicability is required.
The importance of differences; On environment and its interactions with genes and immunity in the causation of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Klareskog L. , Rönnelid J. , Saevarsdottir S. , Padyukov L. , Alfredsson L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe current review uses rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a prominent example for how studies on the interplay between environmental and genetic factors in defined subsets of a disease can be used to formulate aetiological hypotheses that subsequently can be tested for causality using molecular and functional studies. Major discussed findings are that exposures to airways from many different noxious agents including cigarette smoke, silica dust and more interact with major susceptibility genes, mainly HLA‐DR genetic variants in triggering antigen‐specific immune reactions specific for RA. We also discuss how several other environmental and lifestyle factors, including microbial, neural and metabolic factors, can influence risk for RA in ways that are different in different subsets of RA.The description of these processes in RA provides the best example so far in any immune‐mediated disease of how triggering of immunity at one anatomical site in the context of known environmental and genetic factors subsequently can lead to symptoms that precede the classical inflammatory disease symptoms and later contribute also to the classical RA joint inflammation. The findings referred to in the review have led to a change of paradigms for very early therapy and prevention of RA and to efforts towards what we have named ‘personalized prevention’. We believe that the progress described here for RA will be of relevance for research and practice also in other immune‐mediated diseases.
The UN Declaration on Peasants' Rights (UNDROP): Is Article 19 on seed rights adequately balancing intellectual property rights and the right to food?
Authors: Haugen Hans Morten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP) was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2018. One provision that caused opposition by certain states was Article 19 on the right to seeds. The article discusses whether the right to seeds is implicitly recognized by Article 15.1(b) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) on “benefits of scientific progress…,” seen in light of ICESCR Article 11.2(a) on “improving methods of production…” as well as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Article 14.2(g), on rural women's right to appropriate technology. Moreover, the positive protection of farmers' breeding efforts is covered by the wording of ICESCR Article 15.1(c). Other treaties and soft‐law sources also direct states to improve peasants' livelihoods, including seeds. States can legislate to serve peasants' interests and strengthen their rights when adopting IPR legislation. The article shows how this can be done, for instance by introducing exclusions and limited exceptions to IPRs. States have a policy space when implementing IPR legislation that should be utilized to promote the right to food and the livelihood of peasants.
Using multiple natural tags provides evidence for extensive larval dispersal across space and through time in summer flounder
Authors: Hoey Jennifer A. , Fodrie F. Joel , Walker Quentin A. , Hilton Eric J. , Kellison G. Todd , Targett Timothy E. , Taylor J. Christopher , Able Kenneth W. , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDispersal sets the fundamental scales of ecological and evolutionary dynamics and has important implications for population persistence. Patterns of marine dispersal remain poorly understood, partly because dispersal may vary through time and often homogenizes allele frequencies. However, combining multiple types of natural tags can provide more precise dispersal estimates, and biological collections can help to reconstruct dispersal patterns through time. We used single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes and otolith core microchemistry from archived collections of larval summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus,n = 411) captured between 1989 and 2012 at five locations along the US East coast to reconstruct dispersal patterns through time. Neither genotypes nor otolith microchemistry alone were sufficient to identify the source of larval fish. However, microchemistry identified clusters of larvae (n = 3–33 larvae per cluster) that originated in the same location, and genetic assignment of clusters could be made with substantially more confidence. We found that most larvae probably originated near a biogeographical break (Cape Hatteras) and that larvae were transported in both directions across this break. Larval sources did not shift north through time, despite the northward shift of adult populations in recent decades. Our novel approach demonstrates that summer flounder dispersal is widespread throughout their range, on both intra‐ and intergenerational timescales, and may be a particularly important process for synchronizing population dynamics and maintaining genetic diversity during an era of rapid environmental change. Broadly, our results reveal the value of archived collections and of combining multiple natural tags to understand the magnitude and directionality of dispersal in species with extensive gene flow.
Descriptive phenomenological study on ego‐integrity among older people in nursing homes
Authors: Üzar‐Özçetin Yeter Sinem , Ercan‐Şahin Nilay 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to describe, interpret, and understand the phenomenon of ego integrity among nursing home residents using a descriptive phenomenological approach. Data were collected by conducting in‐depth face‐to‐face interviews with 18 nursing home residents with the aid of a pilot‐tested semi‐structured interview guide. The authors followed a systematic analytic procedure. Key themes and subthemes emerged when the codes were combined. The responses of the residents were classified under three themes: (i) existential well‐being, (ii) future expectations, and (iii) regrets regarding past life stages. The results underscored the important role of ego integrity in structuring oneʼs life in the later years. A lack of ego integrity had resulted in negative perceptions of life, a lack of future plans, and existential suffering. The findings underscore the importance of assessing ongoing temporal changes in the ego integrity of nursing home residents and providing effective programs that enhance their sense of ego integrity.