bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visuoperceptual profiles of children using the Flemish cerebral visual impairment questionnaire
Authors: Ben Itzhak Nofar , Vancleef Kathleen , Franki Inge , Laenen Annouschka , Wagemans Johan , Ortibus Els 
Published: December 2019

AimTo investigate the underlying factor structure of the 46‐item Flemish cerebral visual impairment (CVI) questionnaire, differentiate the factor scores of children with and without CVI, and examine the impact of comorbidities on factor scores.MethodThe records of 630 children (386 males, 244 females; median age 77mo; interquartile range 63–98mo) who visited the CVI clinic and the Centre for Developmental Disabilities at the University Hospitals of Leuven from 2001 to 2018 were reviewed systematically. Inclusion criteria included an up‐to‐date questionnaire, a definitive diagnosis, and clinical assessment.ResultsThree hundred and forty‐five children (179 with CVI [108 males, 71 females; median age 74mo; interquartile range 61–93mo] and 166 without CVI [110 males, 56 females; median age 88mo; interquartile range 70–107mo]) were included. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 5‐factor (object and face processing impairments; visual (dis)interest; clutter and distance viewing impairments; moving in space impairments; and anxiety‐related behaviours) biologically and clinically plausible model, which retained 35 items and explained 56% of the total variance. Mann–Whitney U tests indicated that factors 1 to 4 were significantly higher in children with CVI compared to children without CVI (p‐values ranged from p<0.001 to p<0.05; effect sizes ranged from 0.11 to 0.33); factor 5 showed no differences. Autism, developmental coordination disorder, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy impacted factor scores.InterpretationA 5‐factor structure of the Flemish CVI questionnaire differentiates children with and without CVI. Comorbidities should be accounted for when researching CVI.What this paper adds

Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is characterized by impaired object and face processing and impaired visual interest.

CVI is also characterized by impaired clutter and distance viewing, and impaired moving in space.

All children (with or without CVI) demonstrated anxiety‐related behaviours.

Autism affected object/face processing, whereas developmental coordination disorder, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy affected visual interest.
Glycan biomarkers for Alzheimer disease correlate with T‐tau and P‐tau in cerebrospinal fluid in subjective cognitive impairment
Authors: Schedin‐Weiss Sophia , Gaunitz Stefan , Sui Ping , Chen Qiushi , Haslam Stuart M. , Blennow Kaj , Winblad Bengt , Dell Anne , Tjernberg Lars O. 
Published: December 2019

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a devastating disease and a global health problem, and current treatments are only symptomatic. A wealth of clinical studies support that the disease starts to develop decades before the first symptoms appear, emphasizing the importance of studying early changes for improving early diagnosis and guiding toward novel treatment strategies. Protein glycosylation is altered in AD but it remains to be clarified why these alterations occur and how they affect the disease development. Here, we used a glycomics approach to search for alterations in protein glycosylation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in AD compared with nondemented controls. Using both matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight and liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry, we observed an increase in N‐glycans carrying bisecting N‐acetylglucosamine in AD. Based on those findings, we designed an enzyme‐linked multiwell plate assay to quantify N‐glycans binding to the lectin Phaseolus vulgaris Erythroagglutinin (PHA‐E), which is specific for N‐glycans containing bisecting N‐acetylglucosamine. Using this assay, we found a similar increase in CSF in AD compared with controls. Further analysis of CSF from 242 patients with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or AD dementia revealed significantly increased binding to PHA‐E in MCI and AD compared to SCI. Interestingly, PHA‐E binding correlated with CSF levels of phosphorylated tau and total tau and this correlation was most prominent in the SCI group (R = 0.53–0.54). This study supports a link between N‐glycosylation, neurodegeneration, and tau pathology in AD and suggests that glycan biomarkers have potential to identify SCI cases at risk of developing AD.
The role of bioenergy for global deep decarbonization: CO2 removal or low‐carbon energy?
Authors: Butnar Isabela , Broad Oliver , Solano Rodriguez Baltazar , Dodds Paul E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBioenergy is expected to have a prominent role in limiting global greenhouse emissions to meet the climate change target of the Paris Agreement. Many studies identify negative emissions from bioenergy generation with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) as its key contribution, but assume that no other CO2 removal technologies are available. We use a global integrated assessment model, TIAM‐UCL, to investigate the role of bioenergy within the global energy system when direct air capture and afforestation are available as cost‐competitive alternatives to BECCS. We find that the presence of other CO2 removal technologies does not reduce the pressure on biomass resources but changes the use of bioenergy for climate mitigation. While we confirm that when available BECCS offers cheaper decarbonization pathways, we also find that its use delays the phase‐out of unabated fossil fuels in industry and transport. Furthermore, it displaces renewable electricity generation, potentially increasing the likelihood of missing the Paris Agreement target. We found that the most cost‐effective solution is to invest in a basket of CO2 removal technologies. However, if these technologies rely on CCS, then urgent action is required to ramp up the necessary infrastructure. We conclude that a sustainable biomass supply is critical for decarbonizing the global energy system. Since only a few world regions carry the burden of producing the biomass resource and store CO2 in geological storage, adequate international collaboration, policies and standards will be needed to realize this resource while avoiding undesired land‐use change.
Knowledge, attitude and behaviour of dental health care providers towards health electronic record systems in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sayed Mohammed E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to discuss the knowledge, attitude and behaviour of dental health care providers towards electronic health record system in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThe study adopted a questionnaire survey in which information regarding demographics, maintenance and effectiveness of electronic health record systems (EHRs) were mentioned. The data were collected from 270 participants from five regions in Saudi Arabia.DiscussionElectronic health record systems were found to be an important tool in collecting the information of patients without wasting time. An agreement between participants regarding the potentiality of EHRs to reduce medical errors was also detected.ConclusionsFew factors such as privacy concerns, staff compliance and cost were found to be the factors influencing the attitudes of health care providers towards the adoption of EHRs. Thus, EHRs can be made efficient by addressing the problems to change the perceptions of health care providers.
Combining effects of TiO6 octahedron rotations and random electric fields on structural and properties in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3
Authors: Hao Kaijun , Ge Wenwei , Ren Zhenan , Liu Xiaojuan , Luo Laihui , Li Xiaobing , Luo Haosu , Viehland Dwight 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe structural and dielectric properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) ceramics and crystals have been investigated and are compared to that of Pb(Zr0.55Ti0.45)O3 (PZT55/45) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.72Ti0.28O3 (PMNT 72/28) ceramics. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) profiles for (100), (110), (111), (200), (220), and (222) (referred to cubic structure) reveal that the monoclinic structure with Cc space group exists both in the NBT single crystal and ceramics. The diffraction profile obtained with high resolution laboratory XRD for the NBT single crystal can be well described, using Cc model instead of R3c model. The dielectric constant of NBT below Thump shows some similarity to that of PZT45/55 ceramics below 50°C in which oxygen octahedron rotations cause the frequency dispersion of the dielectric constant. The temperature‐dependent dielectric constant for NBT can be deconvolved into two independent processes. The lower temperature process shows a typical relaxor characteristic and follows the Vogel‐Fulcher relationship. The other process at higher temperature shows less frequency‐dependent behavior. Comparing the dielectric constant of NBT with that of PZT55/45 and PMNT72/28 reveals that both oxygen octahedral rotations and random electric fields play an important role in the frequency dispersion of the dielectric constant for NBT relaxor feroelectric.
Structural neural markers of response to cognitive behavioral therapy in pediatric obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Pagliaccio David , Cha Jiook , He Xiaofu , Cyr Marilyn , Yanes‐Lukin Paula , Goldberg Pablo , Fontaine Martine , Rynn Moira A. , Marsh Rachel 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective, first‐line treatment for pediatric obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). While neural predictors of treatment outcomes have been identified in adults with OCD, robust predictors are lacking for pediatric patients. Herein, we sought to identify brain structural markers of CBT response in youth with OCD.MethodsTwenty‐eight children/adolescents with OCD and 27 matched healthy participants (7‐ to 18‐year‐olds, M = 11.71 years, SD = 3.29) completed high‐resolution structural and diffusion MRI (all unmedicated at time of scanning). Patients with OCD then completed 12–16 sessions of CBT. Subcortical volume and cortical thickness were estimated using FreeSurfer. Structural connectivity (streamline counts) was estimated using MRtrix.ResultsThinner cortex in nine frontoparietal regions significantly predicted improvement in Children’s Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale (CY‐BOCS) scores (all ts > 3.4, FDR‐corrected ps < .05). These included middle and superior frontal, angular, lingual, precentral, superior temporal, and supramarginal gyri (SMG). Vertex‐wise analyses confirmed a significant left SMG cluster, showing large effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.42) with 72.22% specificity and 90.00% sensitivity in predicting CBT response. Ten structural connections between cingulo‐opercular regions exhibited fewer streamline counts in OCD (all ts > 3.12, Cohen’s ds > 0.92) compared with healthy participants. These connections predicted post‐treatment CY‐BOCS scores, beyond pretreatment severity and demographics, though not above and beyond cortical thickness.ConclusionsThe current study identified group differences in structural connectivity (reduced among cingulo‐opercular regions) and cortical thickness predictors of CBT response (thinner frontoparietal cortices) in unmedicated children/adolescents with OCD. These data suggest, for the first time, that cortical and white matter features of task control circuits may be useful in identifying which pediatric patients respond best to individual CBT.
Nd:YAG laser vs IPL in inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesion treatment
Authors: Monib Khaled Mohey El‐Din , Hussein Mohamed Saber 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral topical and systemic therapies are available for the treatment of acne vulgaris but are associated with several limitations, and recently, intense pulse light (IPL) and long‐pulsed 1064 nm Nd: YAG laser have shown efficacy.AimsThe current study aimed to compare the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser and IPL in inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions.Patients and MethodsThirty patients with inflammatory and noninflammatory facial acne were assigned randomly and equally into two groups, the Nd:YAG and IPL groups. The patients received three sessions of laser 2 weeks apart, and the clinical improvement was assessed by the reduction in the number of lesions.ResultsAt baseline, the two groups showed a nonsignificant difference as regards total number (P = .476), inflammatory (P = .457), and noninflammatory lesions (P = .420). The improvement in total lesions was significant in the Nd:YAG Group but nonsignificant in the IPL Group (P < .001, P = .13, respectively). Three patients (20%) in the IPL Group showed exacerbation after the first and second sessions. One month after the last session, the difference in improvement between noninflammatory and inflammatory lesions showed a significant difference in the Nd:YAG Group (P = .017) and a nonsignificant difference in the IPL Group (P = .823). Nd:YAG, compared to the IPL Group, showed a significant difference as regards the improvement score in noninflammatory lesions (P = .0099) and a nonsignificant difference in inflammatory lesions (P = .4295).ConclusionThe significant improvement in noninflammatory lesions and the absence of a significant flare‐up of acne as seen among patients treated with IPL make Nd:YAG a better therapeutic modality for acne.
Validation of predictive factors for infection in adults with chronic leg ulcers: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Bui Ut T. , Finlayson Kathleen , Edwards Helen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo validate the ability of factors to predict infection in adults with chronic leg ulcers over a 12‐week period.BackgroundLeg ulcers affect ~3% of older adults and are often hard to heal. Infection is a leading contributor for delayed healing, causing delayed wound healing, increased hospitalisation, increased healthcare costs and reduced patient quality of life. The importance of early identification of infection has been highlighted for decades, yet little is known about factors that are associated with increased risk of infection in this specific population.DesignA longitudinal, prospective observational study in a single centre.MethodsBetween August 2017 and May 2018, a total of 65 adults with chronic leg ulcers were prospectively observed for a 12‐week period. Patients were recruited from an outpatient wound clinic at a tertiary hospital in Australia. Data were collected from recruitment (baseline) and each visit (weekly or fortnightly) up until 12 weeks. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify predictive factors for infection. The TRIPOD guidelines for reporting were followed (See Data S1).ResultsThe sample consisted of 65 adults with chronic leg ulcers, and 9.2% of these had their ulcer infected at baseline. Two predictive factors, using walking aids and gout, were found to be significantly related to increased likelihood of developing infection within 12 weeks.ConclusionThe present study showed that patients who either used walking aids or were diagnosed with gout were at greater risk of infection compared to those without these factors.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings provide new information for clinicians in early identification of patients at risk of infection, and for patients in enhancing their awareness of their own risk.
The significance of relationships and dynamics in families with a child with end‐stage kidney disease: A qualitative study
Authors: Agerskov Hanne , Thiesson Helle C. , Pedersen Birthe D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore experiences and the significance of relationships and dynamics among family members living with a child with severe kidney disease.BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is often incurable, leading to irreversible kidney damage. End‐stage kidney failure in a child impacts daily life and routines, requiring significant social adaptation for all family members. However, little is known about how individual family members experience relationships, interactions and dynamics within the family.DesignA qualitative exploratory study taking a phenomenological–hermeneutic approach.MethodData were collected through semi‐structured individual interviews with seven fathers, seven mothers, five children with end‐stage kidney disease and five siblings. The data were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of narrative and interpretation, on three levels: naïve reading; structural analysis; and critical interpretation and discussion. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist has been used (see Supporting Information).ResultsAll family members experienced relationships within and outside the family as a significant part of everyday life. The well‐being of the sick child had an impact on the dynamics and emotional well‐being of all family members. Siblings were in need of support; however, being fair could be challenging for parents.ConclusionCKD in a child has an impact on family dynamics and on the relationships between family members. Family members are vulnerable and in need of practical help and emotional support from close relatives, friends, health professionals and other individuals around them.Relevance to clinical practiceIn clinical practice, the ability to reflect on, or interpret, a range of situations by initiating a dialogue is essential to shape both an individual perspective and the perspective of the entire family unit.
Effects of virtual reality on pain, fear and anxiety during blood draw in children aged 5–12 years old: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Özalp Gerçeker Gülçin , Ayar Dijle , Özdemir Emine Zahide , Bektaş Murat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAim and objectivesVirtual reality (VR) can be used during painful procedures in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different VR methods on procedure‐related pain, fear and anxiety of children aged 5–12 years old during blood draw.MethodsThis randomised controlled study used parallel trial design guided by the CONSORT checklist, see Supporting Information. The sample of children (n = 136) was allocated to the VR‐Rollercoaster (n = 45), VR‐Ocean Rift (n = 45) and control group (n = 46) using blocked randomisation. The primary outcome was pain scores after the blood draw and fear and anxiety scores before and after the blood draw. Before the blood draw, fear and anxiety scores were assessed using self‐report and reports from the parents and the researcher using the Child Fear Scale and Children's Anxiety Meter. After the blood draw, level of pain experienced was assessed using the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and the fear and anxiety levels experienced by the children during the blood draw were re‐evaluated.ResultsPain scores were found to be lower in the VR‐Rollercoaster group and the VR‐Ocean Rift group. A statistical difference was found between groups according to self‐, parent‐ and researcher‐reported fear and anxiety scores after blood draw. While being in VR‐Rollercoaster and VR‐Ocean Rift group reduced children's fear and anxiety, being in the control group increased fear levels by 20% and anxiety levels by 34.1%.ConclusionsVR is an effective method in reducing procedure‐related pain, fear and anxiety in children aged 5–12 years old during blood draw.Relevance to clinical practiceEvidence‐based guidelines and protocols should be created for nonpharmacological methods such as VR for procedural pain and anxiety in children.
Effects of chitosan nanoparticle supplementation on growth performance, humoral immunity, gut microbiota and immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge in weaned pigs
Authors: Xu Yinglei , Mao Huiling , Yang Caimei , Du Huahua , Wang Haifeng , Tu Jue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) on growth performance, immune status, gut microbiota and immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge in weaned pigs. A total of 144 piglets were assigned to four groups receiving different dietary treatments, including basal diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg CNP fed for 28 days. Each treatment group included six pens (six piglets per pen). The increase in supplemental CNP concentration improved the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the feed and gain (F/G) and diarrhoea rate (p < .05). However, significant differences in the average daily feed intake (ADFI) among different CNP concentrations were not observed. CNP also increased plasma immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG, and C3 and C4 concentrations in piglets in a dose‐dependent manner on day 28, whereas IgM concentration was not affected by CNP. A total of 24 piglets in the control diet and control diet with 400 mg/kg CNP supplementation groups were randomly selected for the experiment of immunological stress. Half of the pigs in each group (n = 6) were injected i.p. with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a concentration of 100 μg/kg. The other pigs in each group were injected with sterile saline solution at the same volume. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, prostaglandin E2 (PEG2), interleukin (IL)‐6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and IL‐1β dramatically increased after LPS challenge. However, CNP inhibited the increase in cortisol, PEG2, IL‐6 and IL‐1β levels in plasma, whereas TNF‐α level slightly increased. Moreover, the effects of CNP on the gut microbiota were also evaluated. Our results showed that dietary supplementation with CNP modified the composition of colonic microbiota, where it increased the amounts of some presumably beneficial intestinal bacteria and suppressed the growth of potential bacterial pathogens. These findings suggested CNP supplementation improved the growth performance and immune status, alleviated immunological stress and regulated intestinal ecology in weaned piglets. Based on these beneficial effects, CNP could be applied as a functional feed additives supplemented in piglets diet.
Continued muscle loss increases mortality in cirrhosis: Impact of aetiology of liver disease
Authors: Welch Nicole , Dasarathy Jaividhya , Runkana Ashok , Penumatsa Revathi , Bellar Annette , Reen Jaspreet , Rotroff Daniel , McCullough Arthur J. , Dasarathy Srinivasan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsSarcopenia or skeletal muscle loss adversely affects outcomes in cirrhosis. The impact of aetiology of liver disease on the severity or the rate of muscle loss is not known.MethodsConsecutive, well‐characterized adult patients with cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis (VH), alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐diseased controls with at least two temporally distinct abdominal CT (computed tomography) scans were evaluated. Psoas, paraspinal and abdominal wall muscle areas at the L3 vertebra level were quantified on the CT scans. Standardized rate of change in muscle area was expressed as change in area/100 days. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify contributors to rate of muscle loss and survival.ResultsAmong 83 cirrhotics (NAFLD n = 26, ALD n = 39, VH n = 18), there were 20 (24.1%) deaths over 62.7 ± 41.3 months. The mean percentage change in psoas area was −0.03 ± 0.05/100d in controls and −3.52 ± 0.45/100d in cirrhosis (P < .001). The mean percentage change in psoas area was −1.72 ± 0.27/100d in NAFLD, −5.28 ± 0.86/100d in ALD and −2.29 ± 0.28/100d in VH. Among cirrhotics, patients with ALD had the lowest initial muscle area and most rapid rate of reduction in muscle area. Aetiology of liver disease, model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) and the rate of loss of muscle area were independent risk factors for survival.ConclusionsAetiology of liver disease is an independent risk factor for sarcopenia with the greatest rate of muscle loss noted in ALD. Survival in cirrhosis was dependent on initial muscle mass, rate of muscle loss and MELD score.