bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA in post-stroke upper-limb spasticity in Japanese subjects: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (J-PURE)
Authors:   the J-PURE Study Group, Masakado Yoshihisa , Abo Masahiro , Kondo Kunitsugu , Saeki Satoru , Saitoh Eiichi , Dekundy Andrzej , Hanschmann Angelika , Kaji Ryuji 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Upper-limb spasticity frequently occurs after stroke and there is a clinical need for more effective therapies. The Phase III J-PURE study assessed the efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA up to 400 U for post-stroke upper-limb spasticity in Japan.

Methods
In the 12-week main period (MP) of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Japanese subjects with upper-limb spasticity received one injection cycle of incobotulinumtoxinA 400 U, 250 U, or matching placebo. Eligible subjects enrolled in an open-label extension (OLEX) period of three injection cycles of incobotulinumtoxinA 400 U (32–40 weeks). The primary objective was to establish the efficacy of a single incobotulinumtoxinA injection using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) wrist score. Secondary efficacy outcomes and safety were also assessed.

Results
Among 100 treated subjects, AUCs for incobotulinumtoxinA 400 and 250 U were significantly different versus placebo (p = 0.0014 and p = 0.0031, respectively) for change from baseline in MAS wrist score to the end of the MP, with similar results from baseline to week 4. IncobotulinumtoxinA 400 U was superior versus placebo across other spasticity patterns and at most study visits. Improvements were maintained throughout the OLEX period. Disability Assessment Scale and Investigator’s Clinical Global Impression scores improved significantly for incobotulinumtoxinA 400 U versus placebo from baseline to week 4 (p = 0.0067 and p < 0.0001, respectively). IncobotulinumtoxinA was well tolerated up to 52 weeks, with no unexpected adverse events.

Conclusion
IncobotulinumtoxinA reduced (pathologically) increased muscle tone, improved functionality and was well tolerated in Japanese subjects with post-stroke upper-limb spasticity.
Irisin prevents dexamethasone-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes
Authors: Chang Jae Seung , Kong In Deok 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIrisin is a myokine secreted mainly from skeletal muscle that is known for having beneficial metabolic effects via enhancement of energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Studies show that irisin also acts as an autocrine/paracrine to promote myogenesis and muscle growth. However, the protective role of irisin against muscular wasting remains unclear. We confirmed that irisin secretion was upregulated by electrical pulse stimulation an in vitro exercise mimetic model. Next, we tested if irisin exerted an anti-atrophic effect on cultured C2C12 myotubes treated with dexamethasone (DEX), a representative inducer of muscular atrophy. Treatment of cultured myotubes with DEX reduced myotube size and increased proteasome activity, which were attenuated by irisin. Also, irisin effectively prevented dephosphorylation of forkhead box O (FoxO) 3α and upregulation of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases in DEX-treated myotubes. The protective effect of irisin on DEX-mediated myotube atrophy was partially regulated by insulin-like growth factor-1-dependent signaling. These results suggested that irisin may prevent glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting FoxO-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome overactivity.
The Bologna motor and non-motor prospective study on parkinsonism at onset (BoProPark): study design and population
Authors:   on behalf of the BoProPark Study Group, Calandra-Buonaura Giovanna , Sambati Luisa , Baschieri Francesca , Vitiello Maria , Contin Manuela , Tonon Caterina , Capellari Sabina , Provini Federica , Cortelli Pietro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
The Bologna motor and non-motor prospective study on parkinsonism at onset (BoProPark) was designed to prospectively characterize motor and non-motor features in patients with a progressive neurodegenerative disease starting with parkinsonism since early disease stage and to investigate their diagnostic and prognostic role in the differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease from atypical parkinsonisms. The aim of this paper is to describe the method and population of the BoProPark study.

Methods
Patients referred to our Department with parkinsonism within 3 years from motor onset were recruited. Secondary causes of parkinsonism were excluded. Each patient underwent a comprehensive evaluation of motor and non-motor symptoms, assessed by means of quantitative, objective instrumental tests in addition to scales and questionnaires. The evaluations were performed at enrolment (T0), after 16 months (T1) and after 5 years (T2). Diagnoses were made according to consensus criteria.

Results
We recruited 150 patients, with mean age 61.5 ± 9.8 years and mean disease duration 20 ± 9 months. H&Y stage was 1 in 47.3% and 2 in 46.7% of cases. Mean UPDRS-III was 17.7 ± 9.2. Fifty-four patients were on dopaminergic treatment with median levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) of 200 mg.

Conclusions
We expect that the prospective nature of the BoProPark study as well as the comprehensive, instrumental evaluation of motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with parkinsonism will provide important new insights for both clinical practice and research. Our data could be used for comparison with other cohorts and shared with national and international collaborators to develop new innovative projects.
Cost-effectiveness of a non-pharmacological treatment vs. “care as usual” in day care centers for community-dwelling older people with cognitive impairment: results from the German randomized controlled DeTaMAKS-trial
Authors: Steinbeisser Kathrin , Schwarzkopf Larissa , Graessel Elmar , Seidl Hildegard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment in older adults causes a high economic and societal burden. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of the multicomponent, non-pharmacological MAKS treatment vs. “care as usual” in German day care centers (DCCs) for community-dwelling people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild to moderate dementia over 6 months.

Methods
The analysis was conducted from the societal perspective alongside the cluster-randomized controlled, multicenter, prospective DeTaMAKS-trial with waitlist group design. Outcomes were Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Erlangen Test of Activities of Daily Living in Persons with Mild Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment (ETAM) of 433 individuals in 32 DCCs. Incremental differences in MMSE and ETAM were calculated via a Gaussian-distributed and incremental cost difference via a Gamma-distributed Generalized Linear Model. Cost-effectiveness was assessed via cost-effectiveness planes and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEAC).

Results
At 6 months, MMSE (adjusted mean difference = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17 to 1.67; p = 0.02) and ETAM (adjusted mean difference = 1.00; CI: 0.14 to 1.85; p = 0.02) were significantly better in the intervention group. The adjusted cost difference was − €938.50 (CI: − 2733.65 to 763.13; p = 0.31). Given the CEAC, MAKS was cost-effective for 78.0% of MMSE and 77.4% for ETAM without a need for additional costs to payers.

Conclusions
MAKS is a cost-effective treatment to stabilize the ability to perform activities of daily living and cognitive abilities of people with MCI or mild to moderate dementia in German DCCs. Thus, MAKS should be implemented in DCCs.
Cardiovascular autonomic effects of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review
Authors: Garcia Phoebe D. , Gornbein Jeffrey A. , Middlekauff Holly R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are the fastest growing tobacco product in the USA, and ECs, like tobacco cigarettes (TCs), have effects on the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system, with clinical implications. The purpose of this review was to collect and synthesize available studies that have investigated the autonomic cardiovascular effects of EC use in humans. Special attention is paid to the acute and chronic effects of ECs, the relative contributions of the nicotine versus non-nicotine constituents in EC emissions and the relative effects of ECs compared to TCs.

Methods
Using the methodology described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement, we conducted a literature search of the Ovid PubMed and Embase databases on 6 December 2019 using keywords in titles and abstracts of published literature. Acute (minutes to hours) and chronic (days or longer) changes in heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were used as estimates of cardiovascular autonomic effects.

Results
Nineteen studies were included in this systematic review, all of which used earlier generation EC devices. Acute EC vaping increased HR and BP less than acute TC smoking. Nicotine but not non-nicotine constituents in EC aerosol were responsible for the sympathoexcitatory effects. The results of chronic EC vaping studies were consistent with a chronic sympathoexcitatory effect as estimated by HRV, but this did not translate into chronic increases in HR or BP.

Conclusions
Electronic cigarettes are sympathoexcitatory. Cardiac sympathoexcitatory effects are less when vaping using the earlier generation ECs than when smoking TCs. Additional studies of the latest pod-like EC devices, which deliver nicotine similarly to a TC, are necessary.
‘Having come to university my care was very much in my hands’: exploration of university students’ perceptions of health care needs and services using the common-sense model of self-regulation
Authors: Rogowsky Rayna , Laidlaw Anita , Ozakinci Gozde 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe health care needs and service experiences of higher education students require more research attention, given the increase in students who have a long-term illness, medical condition, or disability (“condition”). It is also important to consider the experiences of rising numbers of international students. This exploratory qualitative study used face-to-face interviews and the common-sense model of self-regulation to investigate students’ perceptions and coping behaviours, in a higher education institution in the UK. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Twenty students who self-identified as having a condition were interviewed. This study adds depth to the understanding of the connections between students’ health-related experiences and their personal, academic, and post-graduation aspirations and the support needs of students, including international students. To optimise institutional support, innovations in partnerships with local care organisations and within the university, staff training about conditions, peer mentorship, and information outreach especially to international students, should be considered.
A Systematic Review of Workplace Interventions to Rehabilitate Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Employees with Physical Demanding Work
Authors: Sundstrup Emil , Seeberg Karina Glies Vincents , Bengtsen Elizabeth , Andersen Lars Louis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among employees with physically demanding work. Methods A systematic search was conducted in bibliographic databases including PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection for English articles published from 1998 to 2018. The PICO strategy guided the assessment of study relevance and the bibliographical search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs in which (1) participants were adult workers with physically demanding work and MSD (including specific and non-specific MSD and musculoskeletal pain, symptoms, and discomfort), (2) interventions were initiated and/or carried out at the workplace, (3) a comparison group was included, and (4) a measure of MSD was reported (including musculoskeletal pain, symptoms, prevalence or discomfort). The quality assessment and evidence synthesis adhered to the guidelines developed by the Institute for Work & Health (Toronto, Canada) focusing on developing practical recommendations for stakeholders. Relevant stakeholders were engaged in the review process. Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise. Within this domain, there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training. There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics, multifaceted interventions, and stress management. No intervention domains were associated with “negative effects”. Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD among workers with physically demanding work. In regard to workplace ergonomics, there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practices. Based on the scientific literature, participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers. As these interventional domains were very heterogeneous, it should also be recognized that general conclusions about their effectiveness should be done with care.Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018116752
(https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=116752).
Root capacitance measurements allow non-intrusive in-situ monitoring of the seasonal dynamics and drought response of root activity in two grassland species
Authors: Cseresnyés Imre , Rajkai Kálmán , Szitár Katalin , Radimszky László , Ónodi Gábor , Kröel-Dulay György 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background and aims
In this study, the potential of non-intrusive root electrical capacitance (CR) measurements for monitoring the seasonal changes and drought response of root activity was tested on two grassland species in a climate change experiment.

Methods
CR was detected between a ground electrode inserted into the soil and a plant electrode attached to the stem of the perennial grass Stipa borysthenica and the biennial herb Crepis rhoeadifolia in control and drought plots throughout two growing seasons. A pilot study revealed that CR was strongly correlated with root biomass for a given time and soil water content. The effect of changing soil water content on the measured CR value was accounted for by means of species-specific experimental calibrations.

Results
Root activity (CR) was found to peak at the flowering stage in late spring (S. borysthenica) or early summer (C. rhoeadifolia). Both the natural shortage of rainfall and the experimental summer drought reduced root activity in both species. Stipa borysthenica displayed great plasticity in root activity, including quick post-treatment recovery during the rainy autumn. The changes observed in root activity were similar to those previously recorded using conventional root investigation techniques (i.e. destructive, minirhizotron, ingrowth core) in temperate grasslands.

Conclusions
Root capacitance measurements proved to be adequate for monitoring root activity in situ in natural grassland. The method could be particularly useful in studies where plant injury or soil disturbance need to be avoided.
Evaluation of a rapid turn-over, fully-automated ADAMTS13 activity assay: a method comparison study
Authors: Stratmann Jan , Ward Josephine-Nana , Miesbach Wolfgang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy caused by severely reduced activity of the von-Willebrand factor-cleaving protease ADAMTS13, mainly caused by anti-ADAMTS-13 antibodies. Although several test systems for ADAMTS13 measurement exist, long turn-around times hamper the usability in daily practice. We performed a method comparison study for two commercially available ADAMTS13 assays and evaluated the agreement between the fully-automated rapid turn-over HemosIL AcuStar ADAMTS13 Activity assay and the manually performed TECHNOZYM ADAMTS-13 Activity assay. Twenty-four paired test samples derived from 10 consecutively recruited patients (n = 8, acquired TTP; n = 1, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome; n = 1, control), of which nine test samples were collected in case of clinically apparent TTP and 13 samples were collected from TTP patients in clinical remission were included. Overall correlation between the TECHNOZYM and AcuStar assay was good with a Pearson R of 0.93 (p < 0.001). Agreement between the assays assessed with the Passing–Bablok analysis showed high agreement with an Intercept of  − 2.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], − 5.07 to  − 0.86) and Slope of 1.04 (95% CI 0.84–1.17). The absolute mean bias was 2.54% (standard difference [SD], 6.38%; 95% CI to 10.0–15.05%). Intra-method reliability was high with an absolute mean bias of − 0.13% (SD 3.21%; 95% CI to 6.42–6.16%). The observer agreement for categorial thresholds (> or < 10% ADAMTS3 activity) was kappa = 0.82 (95% CI 0.59–1.0). Conclusively, overall agreement between the testing methods was sufficient and we support previously published data suggesting the AcuStar assay being a valuable and accurate tool for ADAMTS13 activity testing and TTP diagnostics.
Soluble platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (sPECAM-1) improves diagnostic accuracy of D-Dimer in patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Authors: Kellermair Joerg , Fellner Alexander , Bittinger Alexander , Schneider Stephanie , Akbari Kaveh , Kammler Juergen , Lambert Thomas , Steinwender Clemens 
Published: March 2020

AbstractD-Dimer has a high sensitivity but a low specificity for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) which limits its implementation as a general screening parameter. There is a demand for additional biomarkers to improve its diagnostic accuracy. Soluble platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (sPECAM-1) is generated at the site of venous thrombosis, thus, represents a promising biomarker. Patients with clinically suspected DVT (N = 159) were prospectively recruited and underwent manual compression ultrasonography (CCUS) to confirm or exclude DVT. The diagnostic value of D-Dimer, sPECAM-1 and the combination of both was assessed. sPECAM-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with DVT (N = 44) compared to patients without DVT (N = 115) (85.9 [76.1/98.0] ng/mL versus 68.0 [50.1/86.0] ng/mL; p < 0.001) with a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 28.7% at the cut point > 50.2 ng/mL. sPECAM-1 improved the diagnostic accuracy of D-Dimer: the combination of both biomarkers yielded a ROC-AUC of 0.925 compared to 0.905 for D-Dimer alone and 0.721 for sPECAM-1 alone with a reduction of false-positive D-Dimer cases 72- > 43 (Δ =  − 31.9%). The discrimination mainly occurred in a subgroup of patients characterized by an inflammatory background (defined by c-reactive protein level > 1 mg/mL). sPECAM-1 represents a novel diagnostic biomarker for venous thrombosis. It does not qualify as a diagnostic biomarker alone but improves the diagnostic accuracy of D-Dimer in patients with suspected DVT.
Der Hippo-Signalweg in der Regeneration und im Krebs
Authors: Tollot Marie , Vranesic Anita Cindric , von Eyss Björn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Hippo signalling pathway is a highly conserved regulator of tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Numerous studies in mouse and human have associated aberrant Hippo pathway activity with cancer development. YAP — the main downstream Hippo pathway effector — can function both as an oncoprotein and a tumor suppressor depending on the cellular context. We recently identified TRPS1 as a novel repressor of YAP activity.
A Scoping Review of School-Based Efforts to Support Students Who Have Experienced Trauma
Authors: Stratford Brandon , Cook Elizabeth , Hanneke Rosie , Katz Emily , Seok Deborah , Steed Heather , Fulks Emily , Lessans Alexis , Temkin Deborah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe current review sought to describe the published literature relative to addressing trauma in schools. Through a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications as well as gray literature, we identified a total of 91 publications that were coded for study rigor as well as a number of intervention characteristics. Publications included in the review mentioned a variety of intervention components, most notably an emphasis on counseling services, skill development, psychoeducation related to trauma, and parent engagement. We identified a relative lack of empirical evaluation of whole-school approaches and interventions intended to be delivered by non-clinical staff. We also found that less rigorous publications were more likely to highlight the needs of particularly vulnerable groups of youth and to emphasize cultural competence and community engagement in efforts to address trauma in schools. We call for more rigorous evaluation of practices and policies that take a whole-school approach and can be implemented by non-clinical staff. In particular, we highlight the need to evaluate professional development strategies that can help school staff acquire knowledge and skills that can translate into improved outcomes for students—especially students from historically marginalized groups. We also emphasize the importance of ensuring that high-quality research be made accessible to policymakers and school staff to ensure that clear, evidence-based guidance is available to avoid programs, practices, and policies that may inadvertently traumatize students or exacerbate symptoms among students who have already experienced trauma.
Skill-Based Contextual Sorting: How Parental Cognition and Residential Mobility Produce Unequal Environments for Children
Authors: Schachner Jared N. , Sampson Robert J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHighly skilled parents deploy distinct strategies to cultivate their children’s development, but little is known about how parental cognitive skills interact with metropolitan opportunity structures and residential mobility to shape a major domain of inequality in children’s lives: the neighborhood. We integrate multiple literatures to develop hypotheses on parental skill-based sorting by neighborhood socioeconomic status and public school test scores, which we test using an original follow-up of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey. These data include more than a decade’s worth of residential histories for households with children that are linked to census, geographic information system, and educational administrative data. We construct discrete-choice models of neighborhood selection that account for heterogeneity among household types, incorporate the unique spatial structure of Los Angeles County, and include a wide range of neighborhood factors. The results show that parents’ cognitive skills interact with neighborhood socioeconomic status to predict residential selection after accounting for, and confirming, the expected influences of race, income, education, housing market conditions, and spatial proximity. Among parents in the upper/upper-middle class, cognitive skills predict sorting on average public school test scores rather than neighborhood socioeconomic status. Overall, we reveal skill-based contextual sorting as an overlooked driver of urban stratification.