bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oldest preserved sodium carbonate evaporite: Late Paleozoic Fengcheng Formation, Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: Wang Tingting , Cao Jian , Carroll Alan R. , Zhi Dongming , Tang Yong , Wang Xulong , Li Yuwen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sodium carbonate evaporites can provide important paleoclimatic constraints and economic resources but are relatively rare; most known examples are limited to the Cenozoic. The first known late Paleozoic occurrence was recently reported from the Fengcheng Formation in the northwestern Junggar Basin, NW China. However, its mineralogy, age, and geologic setting have been sparsely documented. To help establish a broader understanding of the formation of these important deposits, this paper presents a comprehensive new data set that includes drill core, well logs, petrographic analyses, X-ray diffraction data, organic geochemistry (biomarkers), and U-Pb zircon age data. Evaporite deposition is estimated to have occurred between ca. 305 Ma and 296 Ma in a series of extensional grabens that hosted a stratified, hypersaline lake (or lakes). The lake deposits are closely associated with coeval volcanic rocks, suggesting that subsurface interaction of these with CO2-enriched hydrothermal fluids may have contributed to the excess alkalinity required to precipitate Na-carbonate. Trona (NaHCO3 · Na2CO3 · 2H2O) in the Fengcheng Formation was likely formed syndepositionally and then partly replaced by wegscheiderite (Na2CO3 · 3NaHCO3). Other evaporite minerals most likely formed during diagenesis. The Fengcheng Formation also contains nahcolite (NaHCO3), which requires pCO2 &gt;680 ppm to form, although no textural evidence was found to demonstrate a primary origin. The presence of extensive lacustrine evaporites nonetheless reflects a relatively warm and arid climate at ∼40–50°N that apparently coincided with the late Paleozoic icehouse.
Associations between physical activity and trimethylamineN-oxide in those at risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Argyridou Stavroula , Bernieh Dennis , Henson Joseph , Edwardson Charlotte L , Davies Melanie J , Khunti Kamlesh , Suzuki Toru , Yates Thomas 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionTrimethylamineN-oxide (TMAO) has been identified as a novel gut-derived molecule that is associated with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the relationship between TMAO and physical activity is not well understood. This study prospectively investigates the association between TMAO and objectively assessed physical activity in a population at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Research design and methodsBaseline and 12-month follow-up data were used from the Walking Away from Type 2 Diabetes trial, which recruited adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes from primary care in 2009–2010. TMAO was analyzed using targeted mass spectrometry. Generalized estimating equation models with an exchangeable correlation structure were used to investigate the associations between accelerometer-assessed exposures (sedentary time, light physical activity, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA)) and TMAO, adjusting for demographic, clinical and lifestyle factors in varying degrees.ResultsOverall, 483 individuals had plasma samples available for the analysis of TMAO (316 (65.4%) men, 167 (34.6%) women), contributing 886 observations to the analysis. MVPA (min/day) was associated with TMAO in all models. In the fully adjusted model, each 30 min or SD difference in MVPA was associated with 0.584 μmol/L (0.070, 1.098) and 0.456 μmol/L (0.054, 0.858) lower TMAO, respectively. Sedentary time and light physical activity were not associated with TMAO in any model.ConclusionsEngagement with MVPA was associated with lower TMAO levels, suggesting a possible new mechanism underlining the inverse relationship between physical activity and cardiometabolic health.
Where Were the Birds Staying Last Week?
Authors: Rudi Ali Gholami 
Published: December 2020

A stay region of a moving object is a region in which it spends a significant amount of time. Given the location of an object through a certain time interval, i.e. its trajectory, our goal is to find its stay regions. We consider axis-parallel square stay regions of fixed side length, which contain the longest continuous portion of the trajectory. We present an algorithm for answering time-windowed stay region queries, to find a stay region in any given time interval. The algorithm has an approximation factor of [Formula: see text] and answers each query with the time complexity [Formula: see text], in which [Formula: see text] is the number of vertices of the input trajectory. The time complexity of the preprocessing step of the algorithm is [Formula: see text]. We also present two approximation algorithms for finding stay regions of whole trajectories.
Volcanism in the Longgang volcanic field of NE China: insights from eruption history, volcano types and geochemical characteristics
Authors: Zhao Bo , Xu Debin , Bai Zhida , Chen Zhengquan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The Longgang volcanic field (LVF) is a monogenetic volcanic field in China that erupted in the Quaternary, forming more than 100 scoria cones and maars in an area of over 1500 km
2
. The most recent eruption occurred
c.
1500–1700 years ago. By summarizing the results of previous and recent research, this paper reviews the geological background, volcano distribution, eruption history, typical volcanoes and geochemical characteristics of the LVF. The volcanic activities in the LVF were structurally controlled by near-EW-, NW- and NE-trending faults. An analysis of typical volcanic edifices reveals that at least two eruptive episodes occurred in the Holocene, and most of the maars in the LVF have characteristics of multiple eruptive styles. It is concluded that the eruption types included effusive eruptions, magma explosive eruptions and phreatomagmatic eruptions. The results of geochemical studies of LVF eruptive products show that most of the rock is trachybasalt and that the magma rarely interacts with crustal rocks. Compared with the previous results for the neighbouring Changbaishan polygenetic volcanic field, the probable origins of their differences in volcanism are discussed.
Des clercs qui se mesleront de faire lettres et obligations
Authors: Van der Schueren Falco 
Published: December 2020

Summary
During the late Middle Ages, the organisation of voluntary jurisdiction in the customary regions of the Southern Low Countries was strongly determined by local developments. While it thrived in the major bishoprics of Liège and Tournai as well as in the commercial centers of Flanders and Brabant, historiography long assumed that the notary public failed to integrate into society in the rural county of Hainaut. Competition with the more dominant aldermen and comital vassals or hommes de fief supposedly prevented notaries from institutionalising their role as private legal intermediaries. Yet, the long-held top-down perspective disregarded interactions between, and the mutual competition among these different ‘agents’, thus creating a unilateral view that emphasised the importance of existing or indigenous alternatives. This contribution aims to better comprehend the organisation of late-medieval voluntary jurisdiction in Hainaut, taking the co-existence of public notaries and hommes de fief into consideration. From a bottom-up approach, relying on contemporary documentary writing practices, it will demonstrate how they both employed pragmatic literacy to gain authority, claim fides publica, and consolidate their own institutional position as such. This paradigm shift offers a framework that nuances previous insights regarding the reception of and developments within the notarial office in late-medieval Hainaut.
Operatic Productions in the Netherlands, 1886–1995: from Printed Annals to Searchable Performance Data
Authors: van Nieuwkerk Mascha M. , Salters Liselotte , Helmers R. M. , Kisjes Ivan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This data paper accompanies the database Operatic productions in the Netherlands, an open dataset containing details on over five thousand opera productions in the Netherlands between 1885 and 1995 extracted from the Annalen van de Nederlandse Opera-gezelschappen (Annals of the Opera Companies in the Netherlands), which appeared in book form in 1996. These data give an extremely rich account of the performance history of operatic works and the personnel involved in their production. Since the original publication lacks a critical introduction, the authors have attempted to reconstruct the origins and systematics of the collection. They also discuss the attributes of the data and the basic data structure in order to give users relevant information to use and restructure the data for their interests. The data structure and metadata classifications are based on an inventory of the classifications used in existing performing arts databases across Europe. This facilitates future connections to other relevant performing arts datasets. The transfer of the Annals into a relational database finally brings out their full research potential.
Bringing a Master Narrative to Its Knees: The Power of Historical Data on Theatre Patrons
Authors: van Vliet Harry M. M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For the ‘Rotterdam Project’, a large amount of historical data on patrons of Rotterdam’s main theatres during the ‘long’ 19th century (1773–1914) was collected, digitally registered and statistically analysed. The data was gathered from the theatre archives of the city of Rotterdam and included data on such specifics as ticket sales, repertoire and featured performers. The database holds prosopography information on over 16,000 patrons and almost 15,000 registered ticket sales to these patrons. This dataset (https://doi.org/10.21943/auas.7381127) can be used to make comparisons to the datasets of similarly sized cities in other countries during the same period and for broader research on 19th-century cultural history. So far, the data has been mainly applied to empirically test the master narrative of theatre historiography on the social composition of theatre audiences. The analyses based on the data show that this narrative must, for the most part, be rejected.
History and Contents of the Dutch Theatre Production Database
Authors: Bakkeren Floortje 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Dutch Theatre Production Database is a historical database with data on theatre and dance productions in the Netherlands by professional Dutch and foreign producers and companies. The database contains data on practically all productions from 1940 up to now: over one hundred thousand productions that can be freely searched using either the Webopac (http://theatercollectie.uva.nl/search/advanced) or the website Theaterencyclopedie (https://theaterencyclopedie.nl). Since 2013 the database is managed by the Department of Special Collections of the Library of the University of Amsterdam. It is the only source that offers an overview of the complete theatre programme in the Netherlands. The origins of its development lie in the card catalogue of the library of the Toneelmuseum of the 1960s. The database itself is now nearly three decades old and has grown much larger than the first compilers could ever have imagined. Until now a history of its development has been lacking. This paper offers a reconstruction of the history of the creation and development of the data and a description of the protocols and input system. This paper clarifies which sources have fed the database and which systems and productions have been fed by the database. With this paper, the verifiability and representativeness of the data can be assessed more effectively.
Structured Data for Performing Arts History: An Introduction to a Special Issue of Data Papers
Authors: van Oort Thunnis , Noordegraaf Julia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This introduction to the special issue of performing arts data papers starts off by dwelling on the purpose of the (re-)use of structured data for performing arts history, and on the benefits of publishing data papers about these data sets. The authors present several observations on the general characteristics of data models in this scholarly domain and conclude by discussing each of the contributions to this special issue of the Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences.
Use of Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR Images for Convective System Surface Wind Pattern Detection
Authors: La Tran Vu , Messager Christophe , Honnorat Marc , Sahl Rémi , Khenchaf Ali , Channelliere Claire , Lattes Philippe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConvective systems (CS) through their downdrafts hitting the sea surface may produce wind patterns (or cold pools) with wind intensity exceeding 10–25 m s−1. The latter for a long time have been significant for weather forecast and meteorological studies, especially in the tropical regions like the Gulf of Guinea since it is hard to detect the CS-associated wind patterns. Based on Sentinel-1 images [C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)] with high spatial resolution and large swath, the current study proposed the detection of surface wind patterns through wind speed estimation by C-band model 5.N (CMOD5.N; for vertically polarized images) and two models proposed by Sapp and Komarov (for horizontally polarized images). Relative to the X-band SAR, the effects of precipitation on C-band radar backscattering are negligible, and thereby it has little impact on wind speed estimation from Sentinel-1 images. The detected surface wind patterns include a squall line and a bow echo at the mesoscale (>100 km) and many submesoscale (<100 km) convection cells. They are accompanied by various degrees of precipitation (from light to heavy rain). This study also used Meteosat infrared images for monitoring and detection of deep convective clouds (with low brightness temperature) corresponding to surface wind patterns. The agreement in location and sometimes in shape between them strengthened the assumption that the CS downdrafts may induce the sea surface patterns with high wind intensity (10–25 m s−1). In particular, because of the Sentinel-1 high spatial resolution, the pattern spots with high winds (20–25 m s−1) are detected on the illustrated images, which was not reported in the literature. They are located close to the coldest convective clouds (about 200-K brightness temperature).
The Importance of Including Sea Surface Current when Estimating Air–Sea Turbulent Heat Fluxes and Wind Stress in the Gulf Stream Region
Authors: Song Xiangzhou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing buoy observations from 2004 to 2010 and newly released atmospheric reanalysis and satellite altimetry-derived geostrophic currents from 1993 to 2017, the quantitative contribution of daily mean surface currents to air–sea turbulent heat flux and wind stress uncertainties in the Gulf Stream (GS) region is investigated based on bulk formulas. At four buoy stations, the daily mean latent (sensible) heat flux difference between the estimates with and without surface currents range from −18 (−4) to 20 (4) W m−2, while the daily mean wind stress difference ranges from −0.04 to 0.02 N m−2. The positive values indicate higher estimates with opposite directions between surface currents and absolute winds. The transition between positive and negative differences is significantly associated with synoptic-scale weather variations. The uncertainties based on buoy observations are approximately 7% and 3% for wind stress and turbulent heat fluxes, respectively. The new reanalysis and satellite geostrophic currents confirm the uncertainties identified by buoy observations with acceptable discrepancies and provide a spatial view of the uncertainty fields. The mean geostrophic currents are aligned with the surface wind along the GS; therefore, the turbulent heat fluxes and wind stress will be “underestimated” with surface currents included. However, on both sides of the GS, the surface flow can be upwind due to possible mechanisms of eddy–mean flow interactions and recirculations, resulting in higher turbulent heat flux estimations. The wind stress and turbulent heat flux uncertainties experience significant seasonal variations and show long-term trends.
Clinical treatment and medication in decreasing the development of major depression caused by spinal fracture
Authors: Chang Chih-Yu , Chen Wen-Liang , Hsieh Pei-You , Ho Shinn-Ying , Huang Cheng-Chieh , Lee Tsung-Han , Chou Chu-Chung , Chang Chin-Fu , Law Yat-Yin , Lin Yan-Ren 
Published: December 2020

Background Chronic pain and limited activities of daily living after spinal fracture may induce the occurrence of major depression (MD); however, risk factors regarding medications, surgical intervention, and severity of fracture are unclear. We aimed to analyze risk factors of MD development after spinal fracture. Methods This was a retrospective database study, using the health care database of the Taiwan government. We included 11,225 patients with new spinal fracture (study group), and 33,675 matched patients without fracture (comparison group). We respectively reviewed data of each participant for 3 years to assess the development of MD. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the prevalence of MD, after adjusting for patient demographics, medications, surgical interventions, spinal cord involvement, and postfracture comorbidities. Results In total, 187 fracture patients (1.7%) and 281 nonfracture patients (0.8%) developed new-onset MD (hazard ratio [HR]:1.96, (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–2.36)). Spinal cord involvement (HR: 2.96, 95% CI: 2.54–3.42) and postfracture comorbidities (HR: 3.51, 95% CI: 2.86–3.97) obviously increased the risk of MD. Conclusions Patients with spinal fracture (spinal cord involvement and postfracture comorbidities) were more likely to develop MD. Early surgical interventions (vertebroplasty) and medications (narcotics) may decrease the risk of MD.
Reliability of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) on cytological smears in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective validation study
Authors: Ricci Costantino , Capizzi Elisa , Giunchi Francesca , Casolari Laura , Gelsomino Francesco , Rihawi Karim , Natali Filippo , Livi Vanina , Trisolini Rocco , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Ardizzoni Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessment is mandatory for the single agent pembrolizumab treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PD-L1 testing has been validated and is currently certified only on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded materials but not on cytological smears. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients, having only cytological material available, cannot be tested for PD-L1 and treated with pembrolizumab. In this study, we aimed to validate PD-L1 IHC on cytological smears prospectively by comparing clone SP263 staining in 150 paired histological samples and cytological smears of NSCLC patients. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 150 consecutive advanced NSCLC patients. The clone SP263 was selected as, in a previous study of our group, it showed higher accuracy compared with clones 28-8 and 22-C3, with good cyto-histological agreement using a cut-off of 50%. For cyto-histological concordance, we calculated the kappa coefficient using two different cut-offs according to the percentage of PD-L1 positive neoplastic cells (<1%, 1–49% and ⩾50%; <50%, ⩾50%). Results: The overall agreement between histological samples and cytological smears was moderate (kappa = 0.537). However, when the cyto-histological concordance was calculated using the cut-off of 50%, the agreement was good (kappa = 0.740). With the same cut-off, and assuming as gold-standard the results on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded materials, PD-L1 evaluation on smears showed specificity and negative predictive values of 98.1% and 93.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Cytological smears can be used in routine clinical practice for PD-L1 assessment with a cut-off of 50%, expanding the potential pool of NSCLC patients as candidates for first-line single agent pembrolizumab therapy.
RGD-modified injectable hydrogel maintains islet beta-cell survival and function
Authors: Lan Tianshu , Guo Jingyi , Bai Xiaoming , Huang Zengjiong , Wei Zhimin , Du Guicheng , Yan Guoliang , Weng Lebin , Yi Xue 
Published: December 2020

Objective: A potential solution for islet transplantation and drug discovery vis-à-vis treating diabetes is the production of functional islets in a three-dimensional extracellular matrix. Although several scaffold materials have been reported as viable candidates, a clinically applicable one that is injectable and can maintain long-term functionality and survival of islet pancreatic beta-cells (β-cells) is far from being established. Results: In the current study, we evaluated a ready-to-use and injectable hydrogel’s impact on β-cells’ function and viability, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that β-cells in high concentration with hydrogels functionalized via Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) demonstrated better viability and insulin secretory capacity in vitro. Moreover, it is a biocompatible hydrogel that can maintain β-cell proliferation and vascularization without stimulating inflammation after subcutaneous injection. Meanwhile, modifying the hydrogel with RGD can maintain β-cells’ secretion of insulin, regulating the blood glucose levels of mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Conclusions: Thus, these preliminary results indicate that this RGD-modified hydrogel is a potential extracellular matrix for islet transplantation at extrahepatic sites, and they also provide a reference for future tissue engineering study.
Ecthyma gangrenosum due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis as initial manifestation of X-linked agammaglobulinemia: a case report
Authors: Huang Haixia , Bai Ke , Fu Yueqiang , Yan Jin , Li Jing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA, OMIM#300,300), caused by mutations in the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene, is a rare monogenic inheritable immunodeficiency disorder. Ecthyma gangrenosum is a cutaneous lesion caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that typically occurs in patients with XLA and other immunodeficiencies.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 20-month-old boy who presented with fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and ecthyma gangrenosum. Blood, stool, and skin lesion culture samples were positive for P. aeruginosa. A diagnosis of XLA was established, and the c.262G > T mutation in exon 4 of BTK was identified with Sanger sequencing. Symptoms improved following treatment with antibiotics and immunoglobulin infusion.

Conclusions
Primary immunodeficiency (i.e., XLA) should be suspected in male infants with P. aeruginosa sepsis, highlighting the importance of genetic and immune testing in these patients.