bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unfractionated heparin inhibits live wild type SARS‐CoV‐2 cell infectivity at therapeutically relevant concentrations
Authors: Tree Julia A. , Turnbull Jeremy E. , Buttigieg Karen R. , Elmore Michael J. , Coombes Naomi , Hogwood John , Mycroft‐West Courtney J. , Lima Marcelo A. , Skidmore Mark A. , Karlsson Richard , Chen Yen‐Hsi , Yang Zhang , Spalluto Cosma Mirella , Staples Karl J. , Yates Edwin A. , Gray Elaine , Singh Dave , Wilkinson Tom , Page Clive P. , Carroll Miles W. 
Published: October 2020

Background and PurposeCurrently, there are no licensed vaccines and limited antivirals for the treatment of COVID‐19. Heparin (delivered systemically) is currently used to treat anticoagulant anomalies in COVID‐19 patients. Additionally, in the United Kingdom, Brazil and Australia, nebulised unfractionated heparin (UFH) is being trialled in COVID‐19 patients as a potential treatment. A systematic comparison of the potential antiviral effect of various heparin preparations on live wild type SARS‐CoV‐2, in vitro, is needed.Experimental ApproachSeven different heparin preparations including UFH and low MW heparins (LMWH) of porcine or bovine origin were screened for antiviral activity against live SARS‐CoV‐2 (Australia/VIC01/2020) using a plaque inhibition assay with Vero E6 cells. Interaction of heparin with spike protein RBD was studied using differential scanning fluorimetry and the inhibition of RBD binding to human ACE2 protein using elisa assays was examined.Key ResultsAll the UFH preparations had potent antiviral effects, with IC50 values ranging between 25 and 41 μg·ml−1, whereas LMWHs were less inhibitory by ~150‐fold (IC50 range 3.4–7.8 mg·ml−1). Mechanistically, we observed that heparin binds and destabilizes the RBD protein and furthermore, we show heparin directly inhibits the binding of RBD to the human ACE2 protein receptor.Conclusion and ImplicationsThis comparison of clinically relevant heparins shows that UFH has significantly stronger SARS‐CoV‐2 antiviral activity compared to LMWHs. UFH acts to directly inhibit binding of spike protein to the human ACE2 protein receptor. Overall, the data strongly support further clinical investigation of UFH as a potential treatment for patients with COVID‐19.
Suitability of transbronchial brushing cytology specimens for next‐generation sequencing in peripheral lung cancer
Authors: Furuya Naoki , Matsumoto Shingo , Kakinuma Kazutaka , Morikawa Kei , Inoue Takeo , Saji Hisashi , Goto Koichi , Mineshita Masamichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) enables the diagnosis of large numbers of gene aberrations during one examination, and precision medicine has been developed for patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, peripheral lung lesions account for the majority of advanced lung cancers, especially lung adenocarcinoma. In these cases, it is difficult to obtain tissue samples which contain sufficient tumor cells by transbronchial biopsy (TBB) with forceps. Even when the target lesions are quite small, bronchial brushing can obtain enough tumor cells by endobronchial ultrasonography using guide sheath (EBUS‐GS). In this study, we investigate the suitability of bronchial brushing cytology specimens obtained by EBUS‐GS‐TBB to evaluate the correlation between the success rate of NGS and extracted DNA/RNA yields according to biopsy method. We prospectively collected 222 tumor samples obtained from patients with advanced lung cancer. All patients were enrolled in a prospective nationwide genomic screening project for lung cancer (LC‐SCRUM‐Japan/Asia). Genomic data were obtained from the clinico‐genomic database of LC‐SCRUM‐Japan/Asia. The extraction yields of DNA/RNA from samples obtained by EBUS‐GS‐TBB were relatively low compared with tissue samples. The success rate of DNA sequencing for EBUS‐GS‐TBB was 97.9%, with no significant differences between biopsy methods. The success rate of RNA sequencing for EBUS‐GS‐TBB was 80.4%, which was relatively low compared with surgical biopsy samples (P = 0.069). However, some rare oncogenic driver aberrations were detected from these specimens. This study demonstrated that cytology samples obtained by transbronchial brushing with EBUS‐GS‐TBB were suitable for NGS analysis.
WDR34, a candidate gene for non‐syndromic rod‐cone dystrophy
Authors: Solaguren‐Beascoa Maria , Bujakowska Kinga M. , Méjécase Cécile , Emmenegger Lisa , Orhan Elise , Neuillé Marion , Mohand‐Saïd Saddek , Condroyer Christel , Lancelot Marie‐Elise , Michiels Christelle , Demontant Vanessa , Antonio Aline , Letexier Mélanie , Saraiva Jean‐Paul , Lonjou Christine , Carpentier Wassila , Léveillard Thierry , Pierce Eric A. , Dollfus Hélène , Sahel José‐Alain , Bhattacharya Shomi S. , Audo Isabelle , Zeitz Christina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRod‐cone dystrophy (RCD), also called retinitis pigmentosa, is characterized by rod followed by cone photoreceptor degeneration, leading to gradual visual loss. Mutations in over 65 genes have been associated with non‐syndromic RCD explaining 60% to 70% of cases, with novel gene defects possibly accounting for the unsolved cases. Homozygosity mapping and whole‐exome sequencing applied to a case of autosomal recessive non‐syndromic RCD from a consanguineous union identified a homozygous variant in WDR34. Mutations in WDR34 have been previously associated with severe ciliopathy syndromes possibly associated with a retinal dystrophy. This is the first report of a homozygous mutation in WDR34 associated with non‐syndromic RCD.
Impacts of rural to urban migration, urbanization, and generational change on consumption of wild animals in the Amazon
Authors: Chaves Willandia A. , Valle Denis , Tavares Aline S. , Morcatty Thais Q. , Wilcove David S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor the first time in history, more people live in urban areas than in rural areas. This trend is likely to continue, driven largely by rural‐to‐urban migration. We investigated how rural‐to‐urban migration, urbanization, and generational change affect the consumption of wild animals. We used chelonian (tortoises and freshwater turtles), one of the most hunted taxa in the Amazon, as a model. We surveyed 1356 households and 2776 school children across 10 urban areas of the Brazilian Amazon (6 small towns, 3 large towns, and Manaus, the largest city in the Amazon Basin) with a randomized response technique and anonymous questionnaires. Urban demand for wild meat (i.e., meat from wild animals) was alarmingly high. Approximately 1.7 million turtles and tortoises were consumed in urban areas of Amazonas during 2018. Consumption rates declined as size of the urban area increased and were greater for adults than children. Furthermore, the longer rural‐to‐urban migrants lived in urban areas, the lower their consumption rates. These results suggest that wild meat consumption is a rural‐related tradition that decreases as urbanization increases and over time after people move to urban areas. However, it is unclear whether the observed decline will be fast enough to conserve hunted species, or whether children's consumption rate will remain the same as they become adults. Thus, conservation actions in urban areas are still needed. Current conservation efforts in the Amazon do not address urban demand for wildlife and may be insufficient to ensure the survival of traded species in the face of urbanization and human population growth. Our results suggest that conservation interventions must target the urban demand for wildlife, especially by focusing on young people and recent rural to urban migrants.Article impact statement: Amazon urbanite consumption of wildlife is high but decreases with urbanization, over time for rural to urban migrants, and between generations.Impactos de la Migración del Campo a la Ciudad, la Urbanización y del Cambio Generacional sobre el Consumo de Animales Silvestres en el Amazonas
Order Matters! Influences of Linear Order on Linguistic Category Learning
Authors: Hoppe Dorothée B. , van Rij Jacolien , Hendriks Petra , Ramscar Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLinguistic category learning has been shown to be highly sensitive to linear order, and depending on the task, differentially sensitive to the information provided by preceding category markers (premarkers, e.g., gendered articles) or succeeding category markers (postmarkers, e.g., gendered suffixes). Given that numerous systems for marking grammatical categories exist in natural languages, it follows that a better understanding of these findings can shed light on the factors underlying this diversity. In two discriminative learning simulations and an artificial language learning experiment, we identify two factors that modulate linear order effects in linguistic category learning: category structure and the level of abstraction in a category hierarchy. Regarding category structure, we find that postmarking brings an advantage for learning category diagnostic stimulus dimensions, an effect not present when categories are non‐confusable. Regarding levels of abstraction, we find that premarking of super‐ordinate categories (e.g., noun class) facilitates learning of subordinate categories (e.g., nouns). We present detailed simulations using a plausible candidate mechanism for the observed effects, along with a comprehensive analysis of linear order effects within an expectation‐based account of learning. Our findings indicate that linguistic category learning is differentially guided by pre‐ and postmarking, and that the influence of each is modulated by the specific characteristics of a given category system.
Alignment in Multimodal Interaction: An Integrative Framework
Authors: Rasenberg Marlou , Özyürek Asli , Dingemanse Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhen people are engaged in social interaction, they can repeat aspects of each other’s communicative behavior, such as words or gestures. This kind of behavioral alignment has been studied across a wide range of disciplines and has been accounted for by diverging theories. In this paper, we review various operationalizations of lexical and gestural alignment. We reveal that scholars have fundamentally different takes on when and how behavior is considered to be aligned, which makes it difficult to compare findings and draw uniform conclusions. Furthermore, we show that scholars tend to focus on one particular dimension of alignment (traditionally, whether two instances of behavior overlap in form), while other dimensions remain understudied. This hampers theory testing and building, which requires a well‐defined account of the factors that are central to or might enhance alignment. To capture the complex nature of alignment, we identify five key dimensions to formalize the relationship between any pair of behavior: time, sequence, meaning, form, and modality. We show how assumptions regarding the underlying mechanism of alignment (placed along the continuum of priming vs. grounding) pattern together with operationalizations in terms of the five dimensions. This integrative framework can help researchers in the field of alignment and related phenomena (including behavior matching, mimicry, entrainment, and accommodation) to formulate their hypotheses and operationalizations in a more transparent and systematic manner. The framework also enables us to discover unexplored research avenues and derive new hypotheses regarding alignment.
Clinical analysis of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell allotransplantation in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Yan Long , Wu Yixuan , Li Li , Wu Jun , Zhao Feiyan , Gao Zheng , Liu Wenjing , Li Tianda , Fan Yong , Hao Jie , Liu Jianqiao , Wang Hongmei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivePremature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a refractory disease that seriously affects female fertility. Growing body of evidence has indicated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as promising resources in regenerative medicine. In this study, we treated POI patients with umbilical cord‐derived MSCs (UCMSCs) and then investigated the restoration of ovarian function and clinical outcomes through follow‐ups.Materials and methodsSixty‐one patients diagnosed with POI participated in this study. UCMSCs were isolated and cultured according to GMP standards, and then transplanted to the patients’ ovary by orthotopic injection under the guidance of vaginal ultrasound. We monitored side effects, vital signs and changes in clinical and collected haematological and imaging parameters during the follow‐ups.ResultsAll patients showed normal clinical behaviour without serious side effects or complications relevant to the treatment. Transplantation of UCMSCs rescued the ovarian function of POI patients, as indicated by increased follicular development and improved egg collection. POI patients who experienced shorter amenorrhoea durations (<1 year) seemed to obtain mature follicles more easily after stem cell therapy, and patients with better ovarian conditions (pre‐operative antral follicles) were more likely to derive the better outcomes by UCMSC injection. Four successful clinical deliveries were obtained from POI patients after UCMSC transplantation, and all of these babies are developed normally.ConclusionsThe clinical trial result sugggests a possible therapy for POI by UCMSC transplantation.
A synthesis of the coast‐wide decline in survival of West Coast Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha,Salmonidae)
Authors: Welch David Warren , Porter Aswea Dawn , Rechisky Erin Leanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe collated smolt‐to‐adult return rate (SAR) data for Chinook salmon from all available regions of the Pacific coast of North America to examine the large‐scale patterns of salmon survival. For consistency, our analyses primarily used coded wire tag‐based (CWT) SAR estimates. Survival collapsed over the past half century by roughly a factor of three to ca. 1% for many regions. Within the Columbia River, the SARs of Snake River populations, often singled out as exemplars of poor survival, are unexceptional and in fact higher than estimates reported from many other regions of the west coast lacking dams. Given the seemingly congruent decline in SARs to similar levels, the notion that contemporary survival is driven primarily by broader oceanic factors rather than local factors should be considered. Ambitious Columbia River rebuilding targets may be unachievable because other regions with nearly pristine freshwater conditions, such as SE Alaska and northern BC, also largely fail to reach these levels. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag‐based SAR estimates available for Columbia River Basin populations are generally consistent with CWT findings; however, PIT tag‐based SARs are not adjusted for harvest which compromises their intended use because harvest rates are large and variable. More attention is needed on how SARs should be quantified and how rebuilding targets are defined. We call for a systematic review by funding agencies to assess consistency and comparability of the SAR data generated and to further assess the implications of survival falling to similar levels in most regions of the west coast.
Stakeholder engagement from problem analysis to implementation strategies for a patient‐reported experience measure in disability care: A qualitative study on the process and experiences
Authors: van Rooijen Marjolein , Lenzen Stephanie , Dalemans Ruth , Beurskens Anna , Moser Albine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn implementation science, vast gaps exist between theoretical and practical knowledge. These gaps prevail in the process of getting from problem analysis to selecting implementation strategies while engaging stakeholders including care users.ObjectiveTo describe a process of how to get from problem analysis to strategy selection, how to engage stakeholders, and to provide insights into stakeholders’ experiences.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.Setting and participantsThe setting was a care organization providing long‐term care to people with acquired brain injuries who are communication vulnerable. Fourteen stakeholders (care users, professionals and researchers) participated. Data were collected by a document review, five interviews and one focus group. Inductive content analysis and deductive framework analysis were applied.InterventionStakeholder engagement.Main outcome measuresA three‐step process model and stakeholders experiences.Results and conclusionWe formulated a three‐step process: (a) reaching consensus and prioritizing barriers; (b) categorizing the prioritized barriers and idealization; and (c) composing strategies. Two subthemes continuously played a role in how stakeholders were engaged during the process: communication supportive strategies and continuous contact. The experiences of stakeholder participation resulted in the following themes: stakeholders and their roles, use of co‐creation methods and communication supportive strategies, building relationships, stimulus of stakeholders to engage, sharing power, empowerment of stakeholders, feeling a shared responsibility and learning from one another. We conclude that the inclusion of communication‐vulnerable care users is possible if meetings are prepared, communication‐friendly presentations and reports are used, and relationship building is prioritized.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of community‐acquired and nosocomial influenza cases and risk factors associated with complications: A four season analysis of all adult patients admitted in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Fullana Barceló Maria Isabel , Asensio Rodriguez Javier , Artigues Serra Francisca , Ferre Beltran Adrian , Salva D’agosto Pilar , Almodovar Garcia Maria , Lopez Bilbao Maria del Carmen , Sanchis Cortés Pilar , Reina Prieto Jorge , Riera Jaume Melchor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundInformation on the characteristics of patients with nosocomial influenza and associated complications is scarce. This study compared epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients admitted with hospital‐acquired influenza (HAI) to those with community‐acquired influenza (CAI) and analyzed risk factors associated with complications.MethodsThis retrospective, observational study included all adult patients with confirmed influenza virus infection admitted to Son Espases University Hospital during the influenza season in Spain (October to May) from 2012‐2013 to 2015‐2016. Symptom onset before admission was included as CAI, and 2 days after admission or within 48 hours after previous discharge were considered as HAI.ResultsOverall, 666 patients with laboratory‐confirmed influenza were included; 590 (88.6%) and 76 (11.4%) had CAI and HAI, respectively. Baseline characteristics and vaccination rates were similar in both groups. Patients with HAI had significantly fewer symptoms, less radiological alterations, and earlier microbiological diagnosis than those with CAI. Eighty‐five (14.4%) and 20 (27.6%) CAI and HAI patients, respectively, experienced at least one complication, including septic shock, admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation or evolution to death (any one, P = .003). Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to assess independent risk factors associated with the occurrence of complications: nosocomial infection, diabetes, oseltamivir treatment, having received no vaccination, microbiological delay, dyspnea, and the state of confusion were the most important significant factors.ConclusionsOur study shows the need to implement microbiological diagnostic measures in the first 48 hours to reduce HAI frequency and associated complications.
Bicriterion scheduling with truncated learning effects and convex controllable processing times
Authors: Wang Ji‐Bo , Lv Dan‐Yang , Xu Jian , Ji Ping , Li Fuqiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates single‐machine scheduling in which the processing time of a job is a function of its position in a sequence, a truncation parameter, and its resource allocation. For a convex resource consumption function, we provide a bicriteria analysis where the first is to minimize total weighted flow (completion) time, and the second is to minimize total resource consumption cost. If the weights are positional‐dependent weights, we prove that three versions of considering the two criteria can be solved in polynomial time, respectively. If the weights are job‐dependent weights, the computational complexity of the three versions of the two criteria remains an open question. To solve the problems with job‐dependent weights, we present a heuristic (an upper bound) and a branch‐and‐bound algorithm (an exact solution).
Comparison of therapeutic effects between artificial dermis combined with autologous split‐thickness skin grafting and autologous intermediate‐thickness skin grafting alone in severely burned patients: A prospective randomised study
Authors: Shang Feng , Lu Yan‐Hua , Gao Jian , Hou Qiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of artificial dermis combined with autologous split‐thickness skin grafting (STSG) compared with autologous intermediate‐thickness skin grafting (ITSG) alone in severely burned patients. Fifty‐six severely burned patients admitted to our hospital from December 2017 to January 2019 were enrolled and evenly grouped according to the random number table method [AD‐STSG group: 28 patients, receiving the treatment of artificial dermis (AD) combined with autologous STSG; ITSG group: 28 patients, receiving autologous ITSG treatment alone]. The healing time and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score of the donor area and graft area, survival rate and infection status of the autologous skin, psychological status (determined by Self‐rating Anxiety Scale and Self‐rating Depression Scale), and the activity of functional parts of all enrolled patients were included in the evaluation. General items of patients in AD‐STSG group and ITSG group, including age, sex, and degree of burn, were all comparable. A significantly shortened healing time of donor skin in AD‐STSG group was observed when compared with ITSG group (P < .05) while the recipient skin healed in the same tendency between the two groups. In addition, 21 days after the operation, AD‐STSG group presented with significantly higher survival rate of graft skin than ITSG group (P < .05) while same infection status was observed in the two groups. Significantly lower VSS scores were found in AD‐STSG group than that in ITSG group 3‐, 6‐ and 10‐months after operation (P < .05). Statistical difference regarding psychological status of patients from two groups was unobservable before operation while significantly lower Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores were found in AD‐STSG group than that in ITSG group 3‐, 6‐ and 10‐months after operation (P < .05). Also, AD‐STSG group presented improved mobility of functional part than that in ITSG group 10‐months after operation without statistical difference (P = .051). Artificial dermis combined with autologous split‐thickness skin grafting showed better therapeutic outcomes for the treatment of severely burned patients than autologous intermediate‐thickness skin grafting in terms of graft healing time, scar formation, psychological recovery, and perhaps in functional reconstruction.