bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving GOES Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals using an empirical bias correction algorithm
Authors: Zhang Hai , Kondragunta Shobha , Laszlo Istvan , Zhou Mi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on board the
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R (GOES-R) series enables
retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from geostationary satellites using
a multiband algorithm similar to those of polar-orbiting satellites'
sensors, such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). However, this work
demonstrates that the current version of GOES-16 (GOES-East) ABI AOD has
diurnally varying biases due to limitations in the land surface reflectance
relationships between the 0.47 µm band and the 2.2 µm band and between the 0.64 µm band and 2.2 µm band used in the ABI AOD
retrieval algorithm, which vary with the Sun–satellite geometry and NDVI
(normalized difference vegetation index). To reduce these biases, an
empirical bias correction algorithm has been developed based on the lowest
observed ABI AOD of an adjacent 30 d period and the background AOD at each
time step and at each pixel. The bias correction algorithm improves the
performance of ABI AOD compared to AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) AOD,
especially for the high and medium (top 2) quality ABI AOD. AOD data for the period 6 August to 31 December 2018 are used to evaluate the bias
correction algorithm. After bias correction, the correlation between the top 2 quality ABI AOD and AERONET AOD improves from 0.87 to 0.91, the mean bias
improves from 0.04 to 0.00, and root-mean-square error (RMSE) improves from
0.09 to 0.05. These results for the bias-corrected top 2 qualities ABI AOD
are comparable to those of the corrected high-quality ABI AOD. By using the
top 2 qualities of ABI AOD in conjunction with the bias correction
algorithm, the areal coverage of ABI AOD is increased by about 100 %
without loss of data accuracy.
A multidisciplinary drought catalogue for southwestern Germany dating back to 1801
Authors: Erfurt Mathilde , Skiadaresis Georgios , Tijdeman Erik , Blauhut Veit , Bauhus Jürgen , Glaser Rüdiger , Schwarz Julia , Tegel Willy , Stahl Kerstin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Droughts are multidimensional hazards that can lead to substantial
environmental and societal impacts. To understand causes and impacts,
multiple perspectives need to be considered. Many studies have identified
past drought events and investigated drought propagation from meteorological
droughts via soil moisture to hydrological droughts, and some studies have
included the impacts of these different types of drought. However, it is not
certain whether the increased frequency and severity of drought events in
the past decade is unprecedented in recent history. Therefore, we analyze
different droughts and their impacts in a regional context using a
multidisciplinary approach. We compile a comprehensive and long-term dataset to investigate possible temporal patterns in drought occurrence and
place recent drought events into a historical context. We assembled a
dataset of drought indices and recorded impacts over the last 218 years in
southwestern Germany. Meteorological and river-flow indices were used to
assess the natural drought dynamics. In addition, tree-ring data and
recorded impacts were utilized to investigate drought events from an
ecological and social perspective. Since 1801, 20 extreme droughts have been identified as common extreme events when applying the different indices. All
events were associated with societal impacts. Our multi-dataset approach
provides insights into similarities but also the unique aspects of different
drought indices.
Influence of intraseasonal eastern boundary circulation variability on hydrography and biogeochemistry off Peru
Authors: Lüdke Jan , Dengler Marcus , Sommer Stefan , Clemens David , Thomsen Sören , Krahmann Gerd , Dale Andrew W. , Achterberg Eric P. , Visbeck Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The intraseasonal evolution of physical and biogeochemical properties during
a coastal trapped wave event off central Peru is analysed using data from an
extensive shipboard observational programme conducted between April and
June 2017, and remote sensing data. The poleward velocities in the Peru–Chile
Undercurrent were highly variable and strongly intensified to above
0.5 m s−1 between the middle and end of May. This intensification was likely
caused by a first-baroclinic-mode downwelling coastal trapped wave, excited
by a westerly wind anomaly at the Equator and originating at about
95∘ W. Local winds along the South American coast did not impact
the wave. Although there is general agreement between the observed
cross-shore-depth velocity structure of the coastal trapped wave and the
velocity structure of first vertical mode solution of a linear wave model,
there are differences in the details of the two flow distributions. The
enhanced poleward flow increased water mass advection from the equatorial
current system to the study site. The resulting shorter alongshore transit
times between the Equator and the coast off central Peru led to a strong
increase in nitrate concentrations, less anoxic water, likely less fixed
nitrogen loss to N2 and a decrease of the nitrogen deficit compared to
the situation before the poleward flow intensification. This study
highlights the role of changes in the alongshore advection due to coastal
trapped waves for the nutrient budget and the cumulative strength of
N cycling in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone. Enhanced availability of
nitrate may impact a range of pelagic and benthic elemental cycles, as it
represents a major electron acceptor for organic carbon degradation during
denitrification and is involved in sulfide oxidation in sediments.
Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (MACE): a Useful Cognitive Screening Instrument in Older People?
Authors: Larner A.J. 
Published: November 2020

Background
The Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (MACE) is a recently described brief cognitive screening instrument.
Objective
To examine the test accuracy of MACE for the identification of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a cohort of older patients assessed in a neurology-led dedicated cognitive disorders clinic.
Methods
Cross-sectional assessment of consecutive patients with MACE was performed independent of the reference standard diagnosis based on clinical interview of patient and, where possible, informant and structural brain imaging, and applying standard clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia and MCI. Various test accuracy metrics were examined at two MACE cut-offs ( ≤ 25/30 and ≤ 21/30), comparing the whole patient cohort with those aged ≥ 65 or ≥ 75 years, hence at different disease prevalences.
Results
Dependent upon the chosen cut-off, MACE was either very sensitive or very specific for the identification of any cognitive impairment in the older patient cohorts with increased disease prevalence. However, at both cut-offs the positive predictive values and post-test odds increased in the older patient cohorts. At the more sensitive cut-off, improvements in some new unitary test metrics were also seen.
Conclusion
MACE is a valid instrument for identification of cognitive impairment in older people. Test accuracy metrics may differ with disease prevalence.
Potential productivity realization of common winter wheat plants under drought
Authors: Zhuk O. I. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. The goal of this work was to study the effect of soil drought on the reproductive ability of common winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods. Wheat plants of cultivars Kujalnik and Ladijinka were grown under optimal nutrition and well-water conditions to the earing-flowering phase, after that the experimental plants were transferred to drought regime for 8 days, after that the optimal water supply was restored to the end of vegetation. During the experiment, the stem and ear length were measured. Ripened plants were analyzed according to the structure of the yield. Results. It is established that the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis the earing-flowering led to the decreasing the stem and ear length, the mass of the ear and grains, number of grains on plant. Conclusions. Water deficit in the soil in the critical phase of earing-flowering led to a decrease in the productive of winter wheat plants due to the inhibition of growth of stem and ear, decreasing grain number and the mass of ear and grains.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L, stem, ear, productivity, drought.
The genetic diversity and population structure of two endemic Amazonian quillwort (Isoetes L.) species
Authors: Santos Mirella Pupo , Araujo João V.S. Rabelo , Lopes Arthur V. Sant’anna , Vettorazzi Julio Cesar Fiorio , Boechat Marcela Santana Bastos , Arêdes Fernanda AbreuSantana , Campos Naiara Viana , Calderon Emiliano Nicolas , Santos Fernando M. Gomes , Fernandes Tais Nogueira , da Fonseca Rodrigo Nunes , Pereira Messias Gonzaga , Oliveira Guilherme , Zandonadi Daniel Basilio , Martins RodrigoLemes , Esteves Francisco de Assis 
Published: November 2020

Background
Two endemic lycophyte species Isoetes cangae and Isoetes serracarajensis have been recently described in the State of Pará in the Amazon forest located in northern Brazil. Isoetes L. has survived through three mass extinctions. Plants are considered small-sized, heterosporous, and can display a great diversity of physiological adaptations to different environments. Thus, the current study aimed to estimate the genetic variation of the populations of I. cangae and I. serracarajensis to generate information about their different mechanisms for survival at the same geographical location that could point to different reproductive, adaptative and dispersal strategies and should be considered for effective conservation strategies.

Methods
The genetic diversity and population structure of I. cangae and I. serracarajensis were investigated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Total genomic DNA was isolated, and the genetic diversity parameters were calculated.

Results
The sixteen primers produced 115 reproducible bands, 87% of which were polymorphic. A high level of polymorphic loci (81.74% and 68.48%) and a high Shannon index (Sh = 0.376 and 0.289) were observed for I. cangae and I. serracarajensis, respectively. The coefficient of genetic differentiation between population areas (GST) showed a higher value in I. serracarajensis (0.5440). Gene flow was higher in I. cangae (1.715) and lower in I. serracarajensis populations (0.419). Overall, the results further show that I. serracarajensis and I. cangae are two species with considerable genetic variation and that these differences may reflect their habitats and modes of reproduction. These results should be considered in the development of effective conservation strategies for both species.
Gumperz, John J.
Authors: Khor Su Yin 
Published: November 2020

John J. Gumperz (1922–2013) was an American linguist whose work on speech and social groups greatly influenced sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology, and discourse analysis. After returning from fieldwork in India, he joined the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley where he remained until his death.
With Dell Hymes, he developed a discourse analytic method drawing on ethnography for analyzing communication that considers the communicative form and function within a given cultural context or speech community. Gumperz's own contribution to linguistics includes a refined method for the analysis of social interactions, known as interactional sociolinguistics, underscoring the meaning making process between language users in social interactions.
In addition to the methodological import of his work, he contributed to the understanding of speech communities, especially language and power. For instance, he made a distinction between a so‐called standard variety and their speakers, seen as the more prestigious form of a language, contrasted with diglossic speakers who were users of marginalized varieties in addition to the more prestigious standard variety.
Identifying Minimal and Meaningful Change in a Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Use of Multiple Methods and Perspectives
Authors: Bartlett Susan J. , Gutierrez Anna Kristina , Andersen Kathleen M. , Bykerk Vivian P. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Haque Uzma J. , Orbai Ana‐Maria , Jones Michelle R. , Bingham Clifton O. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic, painful, disabling condition resulting in significant impairments in physical, emotional, and social health. Our objective was to use different methods and perspectives to evaluate the responsiveness of Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short forms (SFs) and to identify minimal and meaningful score changes.MethodsAdults with RA who were enrolled in a multisite prospective observational cohort completed PROMIS physical function, pain interference, fatigue, and participation in social roles/activities SFs, the PROMIS 29‐item form (PROMIS‐29), and pain and patient global assessment, and rated change in specific symptoms and RA (a little versus lot better or worse) at the second visit. Physicians recorded joint counts, physician global assessment, and change in RA at visit 2. We compared mean score differences for minimal and meaningful improvement/worsening using patient and physician change ratings and distribution‐based methods, and we visually inspected empirical cumulative distribution function curves by change categories.ResultsThe 348 adults were mostly female (81%) with longstanding RA. Using patient ratings, generally 1–3‐point differences were observed for minimal change and 3–7 points for meaningful change. Larger differences were observed with patient versus physician ratings and for symptom‐specific versus RA change. Mean differences were similar among SF versions. Prespecified hypotheses about change in PROMIS physical function, pain interference, fatigue, and participation and legacy scales were supported.ConclusionPROMIS SFs and the PROMIS‐29 profiles are responsive to change and generally distinguish between minimal and meaningful improvement and worsening in key RA domains. These data add to a growing body of evidence demonstrating the robust psychometric properties of PROMIS and supporting its use in RA care, research, and decision‐making.
Building Hierarchical Martensite
Authors: Schwabe Stefan , Niemann Robert , Backen Anja , Wolf Daniel , Damm Christine , Walter Tina , Seiner Hanuš , Heczko Oleg , Nielsch Kornelius , Fähler Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMartensitic materials show a complex, hierarchical microstructure containing structural domains separated by various types of twin boundaries. Several concepts exist to describe this microstructure on each length scale, however, there is no comprehensive approach bridging the whole range from the nano‐ up to the macroscopic scale. Here, it is described for a Ni‐Mn‐based Heusler alloy how this hierarchical microstructure is built from scratch with just one key parameter: the tetragonal distortion of the basic building block at the atomic level. Based on this initial block, five successive levels of nested building blocks are introduced. At each level, a larger building block is formed by twinning the preceding one to minimize the relevant energy contributions locally. This naturally explains the coexistence of different types of twin boundaries. The scale‐bridging approach of nested building blocks is compared with experiments in real and reciprocal space. The approach of nested building blocks is versatile as it can be applied to the broad class of functional materials exhibiting diffusionless transformations.
Decoupling Interfacial Reactions at Anode and Cathode by Combining Online Electrochemical Mass Spectroscopy with Anode‐Free Li‐Metal Battery
Authors: Shitaw Kassie Nigus , Yang Sheng‐Chiang , Jiang Shi‐Kai , Huang Chen‐Jui , Sahalie Niguse Aweke , Nikodimos Yosef , Weldeyohannes Haile Hisho , Wang Chia‐Hsin , Wu She‐Huang , Su Wei‐Nien , Hwang Bing Joe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is essential to decouple the interfacial reactions taking place at the anode and cathode in rechargeable batteries. However, due to the reactive nature of Li, it is challenging to use Li‐metal batteries (LMBs) protocol to decouple the interfacial reactions. The by‐products from the anode or cathode become mixed in Li/NMC111 cells, which make decoupling interfacial reactions difficult. Here, reactions at electrodes are successfully decoupled and demystified using a protocol combining anode‐free LMB (AFLMB) with online electrochemical mass spectroscopy. LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) and EC/ethyl methyl carbonate (1:1 v/v%) electrolytes are used to compare interfacial reactions in Li/NMC111 and Cu/NMC111 cells. In Cu/NMC111, the evolution of CO2, CO, and C2H4 gases at the initial stage of first charging is due to interfacial reactions at Cu surface due to solid–electrolyte‐interphase formation. However, the evolution of CO2 and CO gases at high voltage in the entire cycles is associated with chemical and/or electrochemical electrolyte oxidation at the cathode. This work paves a new concept to decouple interfacial reactions at electrodes for developing electrochemically stable electrolytes to improve the performance with the long‐cycling life of AFLMBs and LMBs.
HASEL Artificial Muscles for a New Generation of Lifelike Robots—Recent Progress and Future Opportunities
Authors: Rothemund Philipp , Kellaris Nicholas , Mitchell Shane K. , Acome Eric , Keplinger Christoph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFuture robots and intelligent systems will autonomously navigate in unstructured environments and closely collaborate with humans; integrated with our bodies and minds, they will allow us to surpass our physical limitations. Traditional robots are mostly built from rigid, metallic components and electromagnetic motors, which make them heavy, expensive, unsafe near people, and ill‐suited for unpredictable environments. By contrast, biological organisms make extensive use of soft materials and radically outperform robots in terms of dexterity, agility, and adaptability. Particularly, natural muscle—a masterpiece of evolution—has long inspired researchers to create “artificial muscles” in an attempt to replicate its versatility, seamless integration with sensing, and ability to self‐heal. To date, natural muscle remains unmatched in all‐round performance, but rapid advancements in soft robotics have brought viable alternatives closer than ever. Herein, the recent development of hydraulically amplified self‐healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuators, a new class of high‐performance, self‐sensing artificial muscles that couple electrostatic and hydraulic forces to achieve diverse modes of actuation, is discussed; current designs match or exceed natural muscle in many metrics. Research on materials, designs, fabrication, modeling, and control systems for HASEL actuators is detailed. In each area, research opportunities are identified, which together lays out a roadmap for actuators with drastically improved performance. With their unique versatility and wide potential for further improvement, HASEL actuators are poised to play an important role in a paradigm shift that fundamentally challenges the current limitations of robotic hardware toward future intelligent systems that replicate the vast capabilities of biological organisms.
Surface‐Initiated Grafting of Dendritic Polyglycerol from Mussel‐Inspired Adhesion‐Layers for the Creation of Cell‐Repelling Coatings
Authors: Kulka Michaël W. , Nie Chuanxiong , Nickl Philip , Kerkhoff Yannic , Garg Arushi , Salz Dirk , Radnik Jörg , Grunwald Ingo , Haag Rainer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiofouling is a major challenge in the application of textiles, biosensors, and biomedical implants. In the current work, a straightforward method for the solvent‐free polymerization of antifouling dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) from mussel‐inspired dendritic polyglycerol (MI‐dPG) coatings on hydrophilic titanium dioxide (TiO2) and hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is reported. Surface characterization is performed by static water contact angle (CA) measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant lower CA values are obtained after dPG grafting from MI‐dPG‐coated TiO2 and MI‐dPG coated PDMS. Furthermore, XPS shows a time‐dependent increase of the CO bond content upon dPG grafting from MI‐dPG‐coated TiO2 and MI‐dPG‐coated PDMS. Analysis of the surface morphology by SEM shows a clear time‐dependent increase in the surface roughness upon dPG grafting from MI‐dPG‐coated TiO2 and MI‐dPG‐coated PDMS. When the viability of two adhesive cell types is studied via LIVE/DEAD staining, a strong reduction in the cell density is observed after the dPG grafting from MI‐dPG‐coated TiO2 and MI‐dPG‐coated PDMS (a decrease of >95% in all cases). The combined results show that biocompatible but highly cell‐repelling surfaces are efficiently constructed via the grafting of dPG from MI‐dPG‐coated TiO2 and MI‐dPG‐coated PDMS.
Van der Waals Multi‐Heterostructures (PN, PIN, and NPN) for Dynamic Rectification in 2D Materials
Authors: Aftab Sikandar , Samiya  , Ul Haq Hafiz Mansoor , Yousuf Saqlain , Khan Muhammad Usman , Ahmed Zaheer , Aziz Jamal , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , ur Rehman Atteq , Iqbal Muhammad Zahir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHere, van der Waals multi‐heterojunctions (PN, NP, PIN, and NPN) are fabricated by stacking of MoTe2, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), and MoSe2 nanoflakes using a mechanical‐exfoliation technique where the dynamic rectification is examined. Low‐resistance metal contacts Al/Au and Pt/Au are applied to MoSe2 and MoTe2, respectively, and gate‐dependent rectifying behavior is achieved, with a rectification ratio of up to 105 in PN devices. It is found that the performance of the device is enhanced by placing an interfacial layer h‐BN between two opposite layers of 2D materials where the rectification ratio is found to be >106 with the ideality factor ≈1.3 in the PIN devices. Also, using the conventional Richardson's plot, the barrier heights of PN and PIN diodes are calculated to be 260 and 490 meV at zero gate bias, respectively. As well, the devices exhibit good performance with a built‐in electric field observed in both PN and PIN diodes, which gives rise to an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and short‐circuit current (Isc) under zero external bias. Remarkably, it is found that the performance of the devices also gets better by forming double heterojunction (NPN) layer than PN or NP layers. The device is also tested for a rectification application, and it successfully rectifies an input alternating‐current signal. These findings are important for the development of nano‐ and optoelectronics devices.