bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc Stannate Nanostructures for Energy Conversion†
Authors: Dou Jie , Chen Qi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo date, ternary metal oxide semiconductor materials have attracted extensive attention worldwide due to their unique optoelectronic properties. As a classical ternary oxide, Zn2SnO4 is featured with the high electron mobility, wide band gap, negligible visible light absorption and tailorable electronic band structures. Thus, it is an ideal material for practical use in solar cells, lithium batteries, sensors, and photo‐catalysts. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress of this material with the focus on the synthesis methods, nanostructures, and the resulting effects on the crystal structure, optical properties, and photoelectrochemical properties. Moreover, their potential applications in different devices are highlighted and carefully discussed.
Computational Bioluminescence
Authors: Tang Yi‐Qi , Liu Ya‐Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBioluminescence (BL) is an amazing natural phenomenon whose visible light is produced by living organisms. Due to its high sensitivity, high selectivity and high signal‐to‐noise ratio, BL has been applied broadly in biotechnology and biomedical fields. However, for centuries, we can only receive some sporadic and static information from experimental observations, the mechanism of most BL is unknown. In the past 14 years, we have been performing theoretical study on all kinds of bioluminescent systems, and have uncovered the mechanism and details of several BLs. Here as an example, we qualitatively introduce our theoretical study of firefly BL in this account.
Variation of pro‐vasopressin processing in parvocellular and magnocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: Evidence from the vasopressin‐related glycopeptide copeptin
Authors: Kawakami Natsuko , Otubo Akito , Maejima Sho , Talukder Ashraf H. , Satoh Keita , Oti Takumi , Takanami Keiko , Ueda Yasumasa , Itoi Keiichi , Morris John F. , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Sakamoto Hirotaka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractArginine vasopressin (AVP) is synthesized in parvocellular‐ and magnocellular neuroendocrine neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Whereas magnocellular AVP neurons project primarily to the posterior pituitary, parvocellular AVP neurons project to the median eminence (ME) and to extrahypothalamic areas. The AVP gene encodes pre‐pro‐AVP that comprises the signal peptide, AVP, neurophysin (NPII), and a copeptin glycopeptide. In the present study, we used an N‐terminal copeptin antiserum to examine copeptin expression in magnocellular and parvocellular neurons in the hypothalamus in the mouse, rat, and macaque monkey. Although magnocellular NPII‐expressing neurons exhibited strong N‐terminal copeptin immunoreactivity in all three species, a great majority (~90%) of parvocellular neurons that expressed NPII was devoid of copeptin immunoreactivity in the mouse, and in approximately half (~53%) of them in the rat, whereas in monkey hypothalamus, virtually all NPII‐immunoreactive parvocellular neurons contained strong copeptin immunoreactivity. Immunoelectron microscopy in the mouse clearly showed copeptin‐immunoreactivity co‐localized with NPII‐immunoreactivity in neurosecretory vesicles in the internal layer of the ME and posterior pituitary, but not in the external layer of the ME. Intracerebroventricular administration of a prohormone convertase inhibitor, hexa‐d‐arginine amide resulted in a marked reduction of copeptin‐immunoreactivity in the NPII‐immunoreactive magnocellular PVN neurons in the mouse, suggesting that low protease activity and incomplete processing of pro‐AVP could explain the disproportionally low levels of N‐terminal copeptin expression in rodent AVP (NPII)‐expressing parvocellular neurons. Physiologic and phylogenetic aspects of copeptin expression among neuroendocrine neurons require further exploration.
Comprehensive topographical map of the serotonergic fibers in the male mouse brain
Authors: Awasthi Janak R. , Tamada Kota , Overton Eric T. N. , Takumi Toru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is well established that serotonergic fibers distribute throughout the brain. Abnormal densities or patterns of serotonergic fibers have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Although many classical studies have examined the distribution pattern of serotonergic fibers, most of them were either limited to specific brain areas or had limitations in demonstrating the fine axonal morphology. In this study, we utilize male mice expressing green fluorescence protein under the serotonin transporter (SERT) promoter to map the topography of serotonergic fibers across the rostro‐caudal extent of each brain area. We demonstrate previously unreported regional density and fine‐grained anatomy of serotonergic fibers. Our findings include: (a) SERT fibers distribute abundantly in the thalamic nuclei close to the midline and dorsolateral areas, in most of the hypothalamic nuclei with few exceptions such as the median eminence and arcuate nuclei, and within the basal amygdaloid complex and lateral septal nuclei, (b) the source fibers of innervation of the hippocampus traverse through the septal nuclei before reaching its destination, (c) unique, filamentous type of straight terminal fibers within the nucleus accumbens, (d) laminar pattern of innervation in the hippocampus, olfactory bulb and cortex with heterogenicity in innervation density among the layers, (e) cortical labeling density gradually decreases rostro‐caudally, (f) fibers traverse and distribute mostly within the gray matter, leaving the white fiber bundles uninnervated, and (g) most of the highly labeled nuclei and cortical areas have predominant anatomical connection to limbic structures. In conclusion, we provide novel, regionally specific insights on the distribution map of serotonergic fibers using transgenic mouse.
Partitioning the colonization and extinction components of beta diversity across disturbance gradients
Authors: Tatsumi Shinichi , Strengbom Joachim , Čugunovs Mihails , Kouki Jari 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChanges in species diversity often result from species losses and gains. The dynamic nature of beta diversity (spatial variation in species composition) that derives from such temporal species turnover, however, has received relatively little attention. Here, we disentangled extinction and colonization components of beta diversity by using the sets of species that went locally extinct and that newly colonized the study sites. We applied this concept of extinction and colonization beta diversity to ground vegetation communities that have been repeatedly surveyed in forests where fire and harvesting were experimentally applied. We first found that fire and harvesting caused no effect on beta diversity 2 yr after the treatments. From this result, we might conclude that they did not alter the ways in which species assemble across space. However, when we analyzed the extinction and colonization beta diversity between pre‐treatment and 2 yr after the treatments, both measures were found to be significantly lower in burned sites compared to unburned sites (i.e., the groups of excluded and newly colonized species both showed low beta diversity in the burned sites). These results indicate that the fire excluded similar subsets of species across space, making communities become more heterogeneous, but at the same time induced spatially uniform colonization of new species, causing communities to homogenize. Consequently, the effects of these two processes canceled each other out. The relative importance of extinction and colonization components per se also changed temporally after the treatments. Fire and harvesting showed synergetic negative impacts on extinction beta diversity between pre‐treatment and 10 yr after the treatments. Overall, analyses using extinction and colonization beta diversity allowed us to detect nonrandom disassembly and reassembly dynamics in ground vegetation communities. Our results suggest that common practices of analyzing beta diversity at one point in time can mask significant variation driven by disturbance. Acknowledging the extinction–colonization dynamics behind beta diversity is essential for understanding the spatiotemporal organization of biodiversity.
Experimental evidence for ecological cascades following threatened mammal reintroduction
Authors: Gibb Heloise , Silvey Colin J. , Robinson Chloe , L'Hotellier Felicity A. , Eldridge David J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpecies extinction has reached unprecedented rates globally, and can cause unexpected ecological cascades. Since Europeans arrived in Australia, many endemic mammals have declined or become extinct, but their ecological roles and outcomes of their reintroduction for ecosystems are poorly understood. Using surveys and novel long‐term exclusion and disturbance experiments, we tested how digging mammal reintroduction affects predatory invertebrates. Mammal exclusion tended to decrease bare ground. Although scorpion burrow abundance increased with bare ground, mammals also had direct negative effects on scorpions. Increased disturbance alone decreased scorpion abundance, but other mechanisms, such as predation, also contributed to the mammal effect. Despite negative associations between scorpions and spiders, both groups increased and spider composition changed following mammal exclusion. Our long‐term research showed that threatened digging mammals drive ecosystem cascades, affecting biota through a variety of pathways. Reintroductions of locally extinct digging mammals can restore ecosystems, but ecosystem cascades may lead to unexpected restructuring.
Complete hemispherotomy leads to lateralized functional organization and lower level of consciousness in the isolated hemisphere
Authors: Blauwblomme Thomas , Demertzi Athena , Tacchela Jean‐Marc , Fillon Ludovic , Bourgeois Marie , Losito Emma , Eisermann Monika , Marinazzo Daniele , Raimondo Federico , Alcauter Sarael , Van De Steen Frederik , Colenbier Nigel , Laureys Steven , Dangouloff‐Ros Volodia , Naccache Lionel , Boddaert Nathalie , Nabbout Rima 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify whole‐brain functional organization after complete hemispherotomy, characterizing unexplored plasticity pathways and the conscious level of the dissected hemispheres.MethodsEvaluation with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in two pediatric patients undergoing right hemispherotomy including complete callosotomy with a perithalamic section. Regional cerebral blood flow and fMRI network connectivity assessed the functional integrity of both hemispheres after surgery. The level of consciousness was tested by means of a support vector machine classifier which compared the intrinsic organization of the dissected hemispheres with those of patients suffering from disorders of consciousness.ResultsAfter hemispherotomy, both patients showed typical daily functionality. We found no interhemispheric transfer of functional connectivity in either patient as predicted by the operation. The healthy left hemispheres displayed focal blood hyperperfusion in motor and limbic areas, with preserved network‐level organization. Unexpectedly, the disconnected right hemispheres showed sustained network organization despite low regional cerebral blood flow. Subcortically, functional connectivity was increased in the left thalamo‐cortical loop and between the cerebelli. One patient further showed unusual ipsilateral right cerebello‐cortical connectivity, which was explained by the mediation of the vascular system. The healthy left hemisphere had higher probability to be classified as in a minimally conscious state compared to the isolated right hemisphere.SignificanceComplete hemispherotomy leads to a lateralized whole‐brain organization, with the remaining hemisphere claiming most of the brain's energetic reserves supported by subcortical structures. Our results further underline the contribution of nonneuronal vascular signals on contralateral connectivity, shedding light on the nature of network organization in the isolated tissue. The disconnected hemisphere is characterized by a level of consciousness which is necessary but insufficient for conscious processing, paving the way for more specific inquiries about its role in awareness in the absence of behavioral output.
Influence of water injection on the desorption characteristics of coalbed methane
Authors: Li Peng , Du Feng , Wang Fakai , Zhang Pan , Jiang Yuxiang , Cui Bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydraulic methods have been extensively employed to improve the production rate of commercially viable coalbed methane and prevent potential mining disasters resulting from the production of this methane by increasing the permeability of coal seams. In this paper, an experimental system with a stirrer was utilized to study the effects of water injection on the gas desorption characteristics of coal seams. Pressure‐released desorption values and total gas desorption values under conditions of different adsorption equilibrium pressures and water contents were determined. The results show that both the free gas and the adsorbed gas could be replaced by the injected water, causing the system pressure to increase significantly. When releasing the system pressure, the gas desorption value of the water‐injected coal sample was reduced. After water injection, the total desorption value of the coal was increased. Thus, water injection could help to promote coal gas desorption.
HLA‐B*35:01 and Green Tea–Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Hoofnagle Jay H. , Bonkovsky Herbert L. , Phillips Elizabeth J. , Li Yi‐Ju , Ahmad Jawad , Barnhart Huiman , Durazo Francisco , Fontana Robert J. , Gu Jiezhun , Khan Ikhlas , Kleiner David E. , Koh Christopher , Rockey Don C. , Seeff Leonard B. , Serrano Jose , Stolz Andrew , Tillmann Hans L. , Vuppalanchi Raj , Navarro Victor J. ,   for the Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims
Herbal supplements, and particularly multi‐ingredient products, have become increasingly common causes of acute liver injury. Green tea is a frequent component in implicated products, but its role in liver injury is controversial. The aim of this study was to better characterize the clinical features, outcomes, and pathogenesis of green tea‐associated liver injury.

Approach and Results
Among 1,414 patients enrolled in the U.S. Drug‐Induced Liver Injury Network who underwent formal causality assessment, 40 cases (3%) were attributed to green tea, 202 to dietary supplements without green tea, and 1,142 to conventional drugs. The clinical features of green tea cases and representation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II alleles in cases and control were analyzed in detail. Patients with green tea–associated liver injury ranged in age from 17 to 69 years (median = 40) and developed symptoms 15‐448 days (median = 72) after starting the implicated agent. The liver injury was typically hepatocellular (95%) with marked serum aminotransferase elevations and only modest increases in alkaline phosphatase. Most patients were jaundiced (83%) and symptomatic (88%). The course was judged as severe in 14 patients (35%), necessitating liver transplantation in 3 (8%), but rarely resulting in chronic injury (3%). In three instances, injury recurred upon re‐exposure to green tea with similar clinical features, but shorter time to onset. HLA typing revealed a high prevalence of HLA‐B*35:01, found in 72% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58‐87) of green tea cases, but only 15% (95% CI, 10‐20) caused by other supplements and 12% (95% CI, 10‐14) attributed to drugs, the latter rate being similar to population controls (11%; 95% CI, 10.5‐11.5).

Conclusions
Green tea–related liver injury has distinctive clinical features and close association with HLA‐B*35:01, suggesting that it is idiosyncratic and immune mediated.
Significance of dynamically monitoring serum estrogen and β‐human chorionic gonadotropin in early pregnancy assessment
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Jiaou , Zhang Kemei , Wang Ensheng , Shu Jing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneous abortion occurs in 15% ~ 25% of clinical pregnancy. β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐HCG) and progesterone (P) have been widely used in early pregnancy assessment, but their clinical significances are still controversial. Estradiol (E2) has not been used as widely as β‐HCG and P, and its value in predicting pregnancy outcome is unclear.MethodsIn this retrospective study, two hundred early pregnancy women were divided into two groups according to their early pregnancy outcomes: the ongoing pregnancy group and inevitable abortion group. Serum E2 and β‐HCG levels and their growth rates were compared weekly.ResultsEstradiol and β‐HCG of the ongoing pregnancy group were significantly higher than that of the inevitable abortion group from the 5th to 10th week of pregnancy. Taking 489.5 pg/mL in the 5th and 6th week, 590.5 pg/mL in the 7th week, and 614.5 pg/mL in the 8th week as cutoff levels of E2, the sensitivity and specificity for E2 to predict bad pregnancy outcome were 91.7% and 41.5%, 82.9% and 71.1%, 84.8% and 84.7%, 75.0% and 95.7%, respectively (P < .05). Both E2 and β‐HCG increased much more rapidly in the ongoing pregnancy group. 80% of the normal pregnancy women showed continuously increasing E2 level. Meanwhile, the inevitable abortion group presented E2 variation types as slow increase or fluctuation, continuous decline, and sudden drop, which account for 54.0%, 34.0%, and 12.0%, respectively.ConclusionLow values and low growth rates of E2 and β‐HCG probably indicate bad pregnancy outcomes.
m6A transferase METTL3‐induced lncRNA ABHD11‐AS1 promotes the Warburg effect of non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Xue Lei , Li Jun , Lin Yihui , Liu Degang , Yang Qiang , Jian Jinting , Peng Jiangzhou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are both crucial regulators in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis. However, the pathological roles of m6A and lncRNAs in NSCLC progression are still limited and undefined. Here, lncRNA ABHD11‐AS1 was upregulated in NSCLC tissue specimens and cells and the ectopic overexpression was closely correlated with unfavorable prognosis of NSCLC patients. Functionally, ABHD11‐AS1 promoted the proliferation and Warburg effect of NSCLC. Mechanistically, m6A profile was analyzed by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP‐Seq). MeRIP‐Seq presented that there was m6A modification site in ABHD11‐AS1. m6A methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3) installed the m6A modification and enhanced ABHD11‐AS1 transcript stability to increase its expression. In conclusion, our findings highlight the function and mechanism of METTL3‐induced ABHD11‐AS1 in NSCLC and inspire the understanding of m6A and lncRNA in cancer biology.
The mechanisms of cellular crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells: Therapeutic implications
Authors: Moloudizargari Milad , Govahi Ali , Fallah Marjan , Rezvanfar Mohammad A. , Asghari Mohammad H. , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mesenchymal precursors of various origins, with well‐known immunomodulatory effects. Natural killer (NK) cells, the major cells of the innate immune system, are critical for the antitumor and antiviral defenses; however, in certain cases, they may be the main culprits in the pathogenesis of some NK‐related conditions such as autoimmunities and hematological malignancies. On the other hand, these cells seem to be the major responders in beneficial phenomena like graft versus leukemia. Substantial data suggest that MSCs can variably affect NK cells and can be affected by these cells. Accordingly, acquiring a profound understanding of the crosstalk between MSCs and NK cells and the involved mechanisms seems to be a necessity to develop therapeutic approaches based on such interactions. Therefore, in this study, we made a thorough review of the existing literature on the interactions between MSCs and NK cells with a focus on the underlying mechanisms. The current knowledge herein suggests that MSCs possess a great potential to be used as tools for therapeutic targeting of NK cells in disease context and that preconditioning of MSCs, as well as their genetic manipulation before administration, may provide a wider variety of options in terms of eliciting more specific and desirable therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, our knowledge regarding the effects of MSCs on NK cells is still in its infancy, and further studies with well‐defined conditions are warranted herein.
Involvement of oxidative stress‐induced annulus fibrosus cell and nucleus pulposus cell ferroptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration pathogenesis
Authors: Yang Run‐Ze , Xu Wen‐Ning , Zheng Huo‐Liang , Zheng Xin‐Feng , Li Bo , Jiang Lei‐Sheng , Jiang Sheng‐Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFerroptosis is a necrotic form of regulated cell death that was associated with lipid peroxidation and free iron‐mediated Fenton reactions. It has been reported that iron deficiency had been implicated in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) by activating apoptosis. However, the role of ferroptosis in the process of IVDD has not been illuminated. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of ferroptosis in IVDD pathogenesis. Our in vitro models show the changes in protein levels of ferroptosis marker and enhanced lipid peroxidation level during oxidative stress. Safranin O staining, hematoxylin‐eosin staining, and immunohistochemical were used to assess the IVDD after 8 weeks of surgical procedure in vivo. Treatment with ferrostatin‐1, deferoxamine, and RSL3 demonstrate the role of ferroptosis in tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)‐treated annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). Ferritinophagy, nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)‐mediated ferritin selective autophagy, is originated during the process of ferroptosis in response to TBHP treatment. Knockdown and overexpression NCOA4 further prove TBHP may induce ferroptosis of AFCs and NPCs in an autophagy‐dependent way. These findings support a role for oxidative stress‐induced ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of IVDD.
Reasons For Both Pessimism And Optimism: A Response To The Commentaries
Authors: Acquisti Alessandro , Brandimarte Laura , Loewenstein George 
Published: September 2020

This article is part of a Research Dialogue:Krishna (2020): https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1186Acquisti et al. (2020): https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1191Oyserman & Schwarz (2020): https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1189Mulligan et al. (2020): https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1190Jagadish (2020): https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1188