bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A point mutation in the β‐adrenergic‐like octopamine receptor: possible association with amitraz resistance
Authors: Takata Mizuki , Misato Seishi , Ozoe Fumiyo , Ozoe Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmitraz is a unique formamidine‐class acaricide/insecticide that effectively controls ticks, mites, and insect pests. However, the recent emergence of amitraz‐resistant cattle ticks is a serious problem that requires an urgent solution. A nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (A181T) leading to an amino acid substitution (I61F) in the β‐adrenergic‐like (β‐AL) octopamine receptor (OAR) of amitraz‐resistant southern cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus) (RmβAOR) was proposed to be a cause of the amitraz resistance. However, it remains unclear whether this substitution exerts any functional effect on the action of amitraz. To make this clear, the functional role of this mutation was examined using an orthologous OAR (BmOAR2) from the silkworm (Bombyx mori).ResultsBoth amitraz and its metabolite N2‐(2,4‐dimethylphenyl)‐N1‐methyformamidine (DPMF) elevated intracellular cyclic AMP levels as orthosteric OAR agonists in HEK‐293 cells stably expressing BmOAR2. The I45F mutant of BmOAR2 (equivalent to I61F in RmβAOR) was generated and tested for its sensitivity to amitraz and DPMF. The assay result showed that the I45F mutation reduces the potency of DPMF to a level similar to that of the endogenous agonist (R)‐OA in wild‐type BmOAR2.ConclusionThe amino acid substitution found in the first transmembrane segment of RmβAOR most likely causes target‐site insensitivity to DPMF, which might contribute to the resistance of R. microplus to amitraz. This needs to be further confirmed using RmβAOR. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. pastorianus species and strain differentiation by direct analysis in real time time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Cody Robert B. 
Published: May 2020

RationaleSeventeen different dried yeast strains, including twelve strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and five strains of S. pastorianus, were analyzed using direct analysis in real time (DART) time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The resulting mass spectra were used for rapid species and strain differentiation based upon small‐molecule metabolomic profiles.MethodsYeast strains purchased from local shops were suspended in a 1:1 water–methanol solution. Solutions were sampled by dipping the sealed end of a melting point capillary into each vial. Six replicates were measured in positive‐ion and negative‐ion mode for each strain using an automated linear rail with the DART source operated with helium gas and a gas heater temperature of 350°C. Averaged and centroided mass spectra were exported for analysis with chemometric software.ResultsNegative‐ion DART mass spectra exhibited less chemical background and more distinctive components than positive‐ion DART mass spectra. An on‐line search of the Yeast Metabolome Database provided candidate metabolites for selection as features for chemometric analysis. Negative‐ion DART mass spectra could distinguish both species and all strains. The DART analysis was also able to identify potential metabolomic differences between top‐fermenting and bottom‐fermenting yeast, between beer and baking yeast, and between red wine and champagne yeast.ConclusionsAll strains could be distinguished by their negative‐ion DART mass spectra with 97.7% validation accuracy. Clear differences were observed between dry and liquid forms and Saccharomyces strains with different applications to baking or beverage fermentation. Possible differences in metabolite profiles were suggested, but not confirmed, by accurate mass data.
Introduction of Bi‐Functional Cu/SiO2 for Modulating the Chemical States of MoO3‐Bi2SiO5/SiO2
Authors: Gao Along , Li Xiaohan , Wan Zhehong , Huang Qingming , Chen Xiaohui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe have successfully constructed electron‐rich Bi and Mo species with a highly degree of dispersion and hierarchical pore texture by introducing Cu/SiO2 as a bi‐functional modifier for MoO3‐Bi2SiO5/SiO2. Characterization techniques suggest the Bi species was modified by Cu with a Bi‐O−Cu coordination structure, and copper species became a capture site for Mo species that improved the dispersity and interface bonding strength of Mo and regulated electron structure of Bi and Mo species, synchronously. Additionally, the hierarchical pore was constructed by compositing Cu/SiO2 with Bi2SiO5/SiO2 support.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Novel Thiophene‐Based Indole Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial, GST Inhibitor and Apoptotic Anticancer Agents
Authors: Konus Metin , Çetin Doğan , Yılmaz Can , Arslan Sevki , Mutlu Dogukan , Kurt‐Kızıldoğan Aslıhan , Otur Çiğdem , Ozok Omruye , AS Algso Muheb , Kivrak Arif 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHeteroaromatic indoles play a leading role in the development of pharmaceutical, medical, chemical and agricultural fields due to their structural properties. In this study, it was first time that biological properties of (antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and apoptotis‐induced anticancer) 3‐(5‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐1‐ethyl‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐indole 4 and 3‐([2,2′‐bithiophen]‐5‐yl)‐1‐ethyl‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐indole 5 were described. According to the overall results, while 4 did not show any significant cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, 5 showed high reducing activity and very strong antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis. Furthermore, 5 showed dose‐dependent cytotoxic effect in all tested cell lines. The EC50 values of the 5 were found to be 16 μM for CaCo‐2, 29 μM for LnCaP, 14 μM for MDA‐MB231, 21 μM for HepG2 and 87 μM for HEK293 cells, respectively. 5 also caused induction of apoptosis and promising glutathione S‐transferase (GST) enzyme inhibition in HepG2 cells. Consequently, 5 could be also considered as a promising medical agent in cancer treatment.
Die neue Saanequerung: modernes Stahlfachwerk für historischen Eisenbahnviadukt
Authors: Somaini Diego , Fürst Armand 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDer knapp 120 Jahre alte Saaneviadukt der Eisenbahnstrecke Bern–Neuenburg, ein schweizerisches Baudenkmal von nationaler Bedeutung, wird erneuert und auf Doppelspur ausgebaut. Mit dem Ausbau auf Doppelspur werden, nebst der Instandsetzung der Natursteinviadukte, die Schottertröge auf den Viadukten erneuert und das historische und filigrane Eisenfachwerk der 64 m langen Hauptöffnung über die Saane ersetzt. Wie das historische Vorbild überbrückt die neue Saanequerung die Hauptöffnung zwischen den Flusspfeilern der Natursteinviadukte mit einem Stahlfachwerk, welches neu interpretiert und in Stahl‐Betonverbundbauweise erstellt wird. Für den Ersatz der Saanequerung sowie die Erneuerung und den Ausbau auf Doppelspur des gesamten Viadukts darf der Bahnbetrieb während einer fünfwöchigen Totalsperre unterbrochen werden. Deshalb wird die neue Saanequerung vor der Totalsperre in provisorischer Lage auf einem Lehrgerüst erstellt und während der Totalsperre quer eingeschoben.
30 Years of space–time covariance functions
Authors: Porcu Emilio , Furrer Reinhard , Nychka Douglas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, we provide a comprehensive review of space–time covariance functions. As for the spatial domain, we focus on either the d‐dimensional Euclidean space or on the unit d‐dimensional sphere. We start by providing background information about (spatial) covariance functions and their properties along with different types of covariance functions. While we focus primarily on Gaussian processes, many of the results are independent of the underlying distribution, as the covariance only depends on second‐moment relationships. We discuss properties of space–time covariance functions along with the relevant results associated with spectral representations. Special attention is given to the Gneiting class of covariance functions, which has been especially popular in space–time geostatistical modeling. We then discuss some techniques that are useful for constructing new classes of space–time covariance functions. Separate treatment is reserved for spectral models, as well as to what are termed models with special features. We also discuss the problem of estimation of parametric classes of space–time covariance functions. An outlook concludes the paper.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Going even smaller: Engineering sub‐5 nm nanoparticles for improved delivery, biocompatibility, and functionality
Authors: Xie Manman , Xu Yaolin , Huang Jing , Li Yuancheng , Wang Liya , Yang Lily , Mao Hui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rapid development and advances in nanomaterials and nanotechnology in the past two decades have made profound impact in our approaches to individualized disease diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials, mostly in the range of 10–200 nm, developed for biomedical applications provide a wide range of platforms for building and engineering functionalized structures, devices, or systems to fulfill the specific diagnostic and therapeutic needs. Driven by achieving the ultimate goal of clinical translation, sub‐5 nm nano‐constructs, in particular inorganic nanoparticles such as gold, silver, silica, and iron oxide nanoparticles, have been developed in recent years to improve the biocompatibility, delivery and pharmacokinetics of imaging probes and drug delivery systems, as well as in vivo theranostic applications. The emerging studies have provided new findings that demonstrated the unique size‐dependent physical properties, physiological behaviors and biological functions of the nanomaterials in the range of the sub‐5 nm scale, including renal clearance, novel imaging contrast, and tissue distribution. This advanced review attempts to introduce the new strategies of rational design for engineering nanoparticles with the core sizes under 5 nm in consideration of the clinical and translational requirements. We will provide readers the update on recent discoveries of chemical, physical, and biological properties of some biocompatible sub‐5 nm nanomaterials as well as their demonstrated imaging and theranostic applications, followed by sharing our perspectives on the future development of this class of nanomaterials.This article is categorized under:
Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Migrants with Irregular Status in Europe: A Multi-faceted and Dynamic Reality
Authors: Triandafyllidou Anna , Spencer Sarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis book explores the conceptual challenges posed by the presence of migrants with irregular immigration status in Europe and the evolving policy responses at the European, national, and municipal levels. Set in the context of recent patterns of migration and residence of migrants with differing forms of irregular status, this edited collection addresses the conceptual and policy issues raised,post-entry, by this particular section of the migrant population. This volume seeks thus to go beyond a vision of irregular migration as a crisis or a temporary emergency. By contrast, we look at the continuity of the phenomenon, its different facets and how they evolve as we seek to offer new conceptual tools for better understanding a complex reality.
Cities Breaking the Mould? Municipal Inclusion of Irregular Migrants in Europe
Authors: Spencer Sarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis chapter considers municipal responses to irregular migrants living in their area and in particular the significance of inclusive responses to restrictive national welfare provisions. It questions whether, as tensions in the multi-level governance on this issue suggest, inclusive responses run counter to national immigration control objectives or whether these apparently divergent approaches are in fact more coherent than the tensions between them suggest. Setting municipal service provision in its structural, demographic, governance and policy context, the chapter shows that some municipal measures facilitate the regularisation of immigration status, voluntary return and compliance with national return procedures, while others contribute to shared social and economic objectives. The chapter asks why in that case national governments regularly challenge inclusive municipal measures and posits four potential reasons for further empirical investigation. In conclusion it argues that the impact of municipal measures on national policy objectives will be fundamental to resolving what the extent of irregular migrants’ access to services should be.
Crackdown or Symbolism? An Analysis of Post-2015 Policy Responses Towards Rejected Asylum Seekers in Austria
Authors: Ataç Ilker , Schütze Theresa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis chapter explores the policy responses of the federal government in Austria regarding non-removed rejected asylum seekers after the country served as both a transit and a host country in 2015 to an increasing number of asylum seekers. Shortly after the summer of 2015, non-removed rejected asylum seekers moved to the centre of political debates. The federal government introduced a series of restrictive policy responses that sought to deter these individuals from staying, while simultaneously trying to gain control over them through various punitive measures, including confinement. These substantive measures were accompanied by several symbolic policies that aimed to demonstrate the government’s tough approach to rejected asylum seekers to the electorate. Based on a qualitative content analysis of parliamentary documents and media coverage of policy responses addressing this group of irregular migrants, we show how this mix of symbolic and substantive policy responses emerged and discuss factors that stimulated this policy strategy.
Characteristics of Earthquakes Recorded Around the High Dam Lake with Comparison to Natural Earthquakes Using Waveform Inversion and Source Spectra
Authors: Saadalla Hamada , Abdel–aal Abdel-Aziz Khairy , Mohamed Abdelnasser , El-Faragawy K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo determine whether recent seismicity around the High Dam Lake (Lake Nasser) in the Aswan region is induced or triggered by the lake reservoir or is of natural origin, we analyzed moment tensor solutions and source spectra of recent recorded earthquakes in the area. The earthquakes' focal mechanisms, including source mechanism parameters and source spectra, can give important information to assist in discriminating between triggered and natural seismic events. In the current work, we computed moment tensors and stress drop values for six recently triggered earthquakes recorded by the Egyptian National Seismic Network (ENSN) around Lake Nasser, Aswan area, with local magnitudes between 3.0 and 4.6, as well as 40 nearby earthquakes in and around Egypt with local magnitudes ranging from 4.0 to 5.5, that are known as natural events. We performed full waveform inversion for the studied seismic events, including the dominant double-couple (DC) signature, and also completed moment tensor solutions. Our results show that most triggered events demonstrated significant non-double-couple components. The focal depths of most Aswan seismic events calculated in the current study are significantly shallower than the estimated focal depths for inter-plate and intraplate earthquakes in and around the area under investigation. The focal depths of 80% of the triggered events are shallower than 10 km, while 80% of the tectonic earthquakes are deeper than 15 km. On the other hand, stress and source spectra of the studied events are used as another key to deeply study the source mechanics and physics of natural and triggered events in this area.
A new potential mode of cardiorenal protection of KLOTHO gene variability in type 1 diabetic adolescents
Authors: Słomiński Bartosz , Ryba-Stanisławowska Monika , Skrzypkowska Maria , Gabig-Cimińska Magdalena , Myśliwiec Małgorzata 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As the KL-VS haplotype alters secretion and activity of KLOTHO and uric acid (UA) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, their mutual links may contribute to microalbuminuria (MA) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Therefore, we hypothesize that KL-VS polymorphism could be associated with the prevalence of MA in T1D patients, and KL-VS polymorphism could modify physiological functions and pathogenic potential of UA. We have examined 350 patients with T1D. The analysis concerned KL-VS polymorphism along with the concentrations of serum inflammatory markers, indicators of renal function, blood pressure, and lipid profile. The incidence of KL-VS genotype was lower in a group with MA in comparison to patients without this condition. Moreover, KL-VS carriers had improved indicators of renal function, lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory markers. Simultaneously, among KL-VS carriers serum UA was negatively correlated with HbA1c, albumin excretion rate, ACR, CRP, TNF-α, total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides, and positively correlated with HDL-C. Moreover, among wild-type KLOTHO carriers serum, UA was in positive correlation with creatinine, blood pressure, IL-12 and MCP-1, and in negative correlation with IL-10 and eGFR. Findings of our study suggest that the functional KL-VS polymorphism is independently associated with MA and the KL-VS genotype protects from the development of MA, and KL-VS polymorphism may modify physiological functions and pathogenic potential of UA by altering the levels of HbA1c, inflammatory biomarkers, indicators of renal function, blood pressure, and lipid profile.

Key messages
• We analyzed the KL-VS polymorphism and the UA serum level in patients with T1D.
• The KL-VS polymorphism is independently associated with microalbuminuria.
• The KL-VS alleles protect from the development of microalbuminuria.
• KL-VS polymorphism may modify physiological functions and pathogenic potential of uric acid.
Standardized Method of the Thiersch Operation for the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Lim Cheong Ho , Kang Wook Ho , Lee Young Chan , Ko Yong Taek , Yoo Byung Eun , Yang Hyung Kyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundConventionally, the Thiersch operation has typically involved blind positioning of the sling, and sling tension is subjectively based on a rule‐of‐thumb estimate. The aim of this study was to describe standardized methods for performing the Thiersch operation.MethodsSeventeen patients with fecal incontinence underwent the calibrated method of the Thiersch procedure. As an encircling sling, a 6‐mm‐wide silastic tube was used. Through 4 minimal perianal skin incisions, the sling was placed proximal to the anal skin 3 cm from the anal verge and 4 cm in depth. The circumference of the sling was 10 cm in length. Results were assessed by clinical responses and by comparing pre‐ and postoperative Wexner scores. The data were collected retrospectively.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 9 months (range 6–19). In 16 out of 17 fecal incontinence patients (94.1%), the median Wexner incontinence score was 0 (range 0–3) postoperatively. Localized sepsis developed in three cases (17.7%, 3/17), which were controlled with drainage and antibiotics. Fecal impaction occurred in one case (5.9%, 1/17). There was no removal or breakage of the inserted sling.ConclusionsThe elasticity of the silastic tube reduced the incidence of sling breakage. According to the standardized method, the sling was placed external to the external anal sphincter muscle and at the junction of the external anal sphincter muscle and puborectalis muscle. Fecal incontinence was controlled effectively, and the incidence of fecal impaction was negligible. High reproducibility was observed with this method.
Post‐operative Glycaemic Control Using an Insulin Infusion is Associated with Reduced Surgical Site Infections in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Shakeshaft Anthony J. , Scanlon Katherine , Eslick Guy D. , Azmir Alisha , Cox Michael R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in colorectal surgery (CRS) is higher than other forms of general surgery. Post‐operative hyperglycaemia causes increased SSI in CRS. Post‐operative hyperglycaemia control in cardiac surgery reduces SSI. The aim was to evaluate using a cohort comparison the effect of post‐operative glycaemic control using an insulin infusion on SSI in CRS.MethodsCollection of data for the ACS‐NSQIP was commenced in 2015. The CRS unit added post‐operative glycaemic control to the SSI bundle in late 2016. The intervention was an insulin infusion to titrate blood glucose between 135 and 180 mg/Dl (7.5 and 10 mmol/l). The effect of glycaemic control on SSI was assessed comparing ACS‐NSQIP raw data prior and after the intervention was commenced.ResultsThe NSQIP data from July 2015 to June 2016 revealed the incidence of SSI were 25%. From January 2017 to December 2017, there was a significant reduction in SSI to 6.1% (OR = 517 Cl = 1.92–16.08, p < 0.001). The incidence of organ/space SSI fell significantly from 13% to 1.0% (OR = 11.35, Cl = 1.62–488.7, p < 0.001). There was non‐significant reduction in superficial SSI from 11 to 4.0% (OR = 2.93, Cl = 0.68–13.03, p = 0.06). There was no significant difference in other factors associated with SSI in CRS.ConclusionPost‐operative glycaemic control in CRS reduces the rate of SSI. Post‐operative glycaemic control should be included in SSI bundles for CRS and may be of benefit in other surgical specialties.
Risk Factors for In-hospital Mortality After Transarterial Intervention After Postpancreatectomy Hemorrhage
Authors: Wolk Steffen , Radosa Christoph Georg , Distler Marius , Held Hanns-Christoph , Kühn Jens-Peter , Weitz Jürgen , Welsch Thilo , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of mortality after pancreatic resection. Late onset PPH is most often treated using a transarterial approach. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for in-hospital mortality after endovascular treatment.

Methods
Between 2012 and 2017, patients who were treated endovascular due to PPH were identified from a retrospective analysis of a database. Risk factors for mortality were identified by univariate analysis.

Results
In total, 52 of the 622 patients (8.4%) underwent endovascular treatment due to PPH. The primary technical success achieved was 90.4%. In 59.6% of patients, bleeding control was achieved by placing a stent graft and in 40.4% by coil embolization. The primary 30-day and 1-year patency of the placed covered stents was 89.3% and 71.4%, respectively. The 60-day mortality was 34.6%. The reintervention rate was higher after stent graft placement compared to coiling (39.3% vs. 21.1%, P = 0.012). In the univariate analysis the need for reintervention was associated with a higher in-hospital mortality (21.2% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.049). The use of an antiplatelet agent was associated with a decreased in-hospital mortality in the univariate (11.5% vs. 25%, P = 0.024) and multivariate analysis (HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-9, P = 0.034), but did not increase the risk of rebleeding.

Conclusion
Endovascular management of delayed PPH has a high technical success rate. Stent graft placement showed a higher reintervention rate. The need for reintervention was associated with a higher in-hospital mortality but did not differ between coiling and stent graft placement.