bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tools to map target genes of bacterial two‐component system response regulators
Authors: Rajeev Lara , Garber Megan E. , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila 
Published: March 2020

SummaryStudies on bacterial physiology are incomplete without knowledge of the signalling and regulatory systems that a bacterium uses to sense and respond to its environment. Two‐component systems (TCSs) are among the most prevalent bacterial signalling systems, and they control essential and secondary physiological processes; however, even in model organisms, we lack a complete understanding of the signals sensed, the phosphotransfer partners and the functions regulated by these systems. In this review, we discuss several tools to map the genes targeted by transcriptionally acting TCSs. Many of these tools have been used for studying individual TCSs across diverse species, but systematic approaches to delineate entire signalling networks have been very few. Since genome sequences and high‐throughput technologies are now readily available, the methods presented here can be applied to characterize the entire DNA‐binding TCS signalling network in any bacterial species and are especially useful for non‐model environmental bacteria.
Assessment of anxiety and depression in patients with incidental pulmonary nodules and analysis of its related impact factors
Authors: Li Lihong , Zhao Yan , Li Hui 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo assess anxiety and depression in patients with incidental pulmonary nodules and analyze the related impact factors.MethodsAll patients were assessed by questionnaires for their anxiety and depression after incidentally found pulmonary nodules. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD), generalized anxiety disorder scale‐7 (GAD‐7), and multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) were used to evaluate their anxiety and depression in order to understand the basic information and social support, and to analyze the related factors.ResultsThe HAD scale was used in 201 patients with pulmonary nodules. Univariate analysis showed the frequency of visits and social support had significant effects on anxiety (χ2 = 9.604, 20.912, P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that social support (OR = 4.042, 95% CI: 2.1617.558, P < 0.05) was an independent influencing factor of anxiety. Univariate analysis showed that marital status, exposure history and social support had significant effects on depression (χ2 = 10.626, 6.005, 3.984, P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that marital status (OR = 0.375, 95% CI: 0.186–0.754, P < 0.05) and social support (OR = 2.206, 95% CI: 1.016–4.789, P < 0.05) were independent influencing factors of depression. The results of GAD‐7 showed the incidence of anxiety in patients with pulmonary nodules was 59.3% (108/182). Univariate analysis showed that anxiety was correlated with a history of chronic disease, psychological disease and social support (χ2 = 9.949, 8.356, 11.872, P < 0.05). Further regression analysis showed that a previous history of psychological disease (OR = 5.088, 95% CI: 1.804–14.339) and social support (OR = 2.768, 95% CI: 1.505–5.094), were independent influencing factors of anxiety.ConclusionsThe results of the study concluded that anxiety was affected by social support and previous psychological factors, while depression was affected by marital status and social support. Doctors should therefore strengthen communication with patients, and alleviate the negative emotions of patients as far as possible.
Exosome miR‐27a‐3p secreted from adipocytes targets ICOS to promote antitumor immunity in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fan Xuehan , Wang Jingya , Qin Tingting , Zhang Yujia , Liu Wenting , Jiang Kaiting , Huang Dingzhi 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe clinical benefit of immunotherapy has been limited to a small subset of patients with cancer. Several clinical trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors in multiple cancers have shown some improvement in obese patients. However, how obesity regulates the immune microenvironment remains unclear.MethodsBioinformatic analysis was used to discover immune microenvironmental‐related genes associated with body mass index (BMI). The expression of ICOS in tumor tissues was detected using western blot, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and flow cytometry. RT‐qPCR was used to measure the expression of miR‐27a‐3p. The interaction between miR‐27a‐3p and ICOS was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Functional testing of T cells based on proliferation and interferon (IFN)‐gamma secretion was performed using ELISA and flow cytometry.ResultsICOS, an immune microenvironment‐related gene, was significantly upregulated in obese patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). MiR‐27a‐3p showed a negative correlation with ICOS and suppressed the expression of ICOS. We determined that dipocyte‐derived exo‐miR‐27a‐3p could alter the tumor microenvironment by inhibiting ICOS+ T cell proliferation and IFN‐gamma secretion in vitro.ConclusionsAdipocyte‐derived exo‐miR‐27a‐3p can inhibit ICOS+ T cell proliferation and IFN‐gamma secretion. The upregulation of ICOS+ T cell functions caused by the downregulation of miR‐27a‐3p in adipose tissue derived exosomes is one of the potential mechanisms for the improved efficacy of immunotherapy in obese LUAD patients.
The role of immunosuppressive agents in the management of severe and refractory immune‐related adverse events
Authors: Wang Anqi , Xu Yan , Fei Yunyun , Wang Mengzhao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved survival in some types of cancer and brought promising prospects to cancer immunotherapy. Despite their clinical benefits, significant off‐target toxicities resulting from the immune system activation have been observed, namely immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), which pose to clinicians a new challenge of optimal management. With steroids being the mainstay of current management of irAEs, immunosuppressive agents are especially indicated for severe or steroid‐refractory cases, based on current immunopathophysiological knowledge and on extrapolations of treatment options for primary autoimmune disorders. This review focuses on the status and recent clinical progress of immunosuppressive agents in the management of severe and steroid‐refractory irAEs.
Incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis in children
Authors: Alonso‐Varela Marta , Gil‐Peña Helena , Santos Fernando 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo describe incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis (iDRTA) in paediatric patients, a term used for the diagnosis of patients who do not develop spontaneous overt metabolic acidosis but are unable to acidify the urine in response to an ammonium chloride load.MethodsTests used to explore urinary acidification were revised. In addition, publications in English extracted from 161 entries yielded by a PubMed database search, using ‘incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis’ as keyword, were reviewed.ResultsIncomplete distal renal tubular acidosis has mostly been identified in adults with autoimmune diseases, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and/or osteopenia. iDRTA has been reported in few paediatric patients with rickets, congenital abnormalities of kidney and urological tract and/or growth failure. The pathophysiological mechanisms potentially responsible for the defect of urinary acidification are discussed as well as the clinical and biochemical findings of iDRTA described in children.ConclusionThe presentation of iDRTA in children differs from adults. The clinical and biochemical features of iDRTA are not well characterised in paediatric patients. The detection of iDRTA in groups of population such as heterozygous carriers of primary DRTA gene mutations and children with hypocitraturia or hypercalciuria might be of clinical interest to better know the pathophysiology and natural history of iDRTA.
Key factors and network model for location‐based cultural mobile game design
Authors: Li Ruo‐Yu , Wang Chang‐Hwa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of smart devices as media for digital learning constitutes a new‐generation digital learning paradigm. Therefore, context‐aware game‐based learning has attracted considerable attention. Location‐based games have not only positive effects on learning but also pronounced effects on culture and history. Accordingly, focusing on railway cultural heritages, we attempted to assess interdependent relationships between key factors crucial for the design of a location‐based mobile game for cultural heritages. We adopted the analytic network process (ANP) for our assessment. We initially performed a literature review to generalize relevant criteria and elements and developed a questionnaire based on the fuzzy delphi method (FDM); which lead to the selection of key factors, namely 3 criteria and 15 elements. We also applied an online ANP‐based questionnaire; on the basis of the experts' opinions, we established a network model and determined the priority order of the key factors. The results revealed that experts considered “culture learning” to be of the highest importance, with the most important three elements being “prior knowledge,” “challenge levels,” and “cultural narrative.” Moreover, culture learning exhibited a strong interaction with content design. In addition, each element had a considerable influence on the remaining elements that could provide references for the construction of location‐based cultural mobile games in the future.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Context‐aware game‐based learning, such as instructional pervasive games, improves quality of learning.
Location‐based games help learners achieve better learning outcomes, learning potential, and learning interest.
Most studies on location‐based, cultural exploration games mainly emphasize their design and development of the game scheme. However, the key factors that make a success of the game are overlooked.
What this paper adds

We identified key factors (3 criteria; 15 elements) and developed a network model based on analytic network process (ANP) for location‐based cultural mobile game design.
The priority order of key factors for designing a location‐based railway cultural game is derived.
The strengths, relationships, and influences among identified key factors were analyzed.
Implications for practice and/or policy

The results of this study provide validated guidelines for further development of effective location‐based cultural exploration games.
Our study findings enable designers to prioritize or demote reference factors for construction, according to relative strengths and weaknesses of design factors.
Impact of implant superstructure type on oral health‐related quality of life in edentulous patients
Authors: Kusumoto Yuriko , Tanaka Jyoji , Miyoshi Keizo , Higuchi Daisuke , Sato Yoko , Baba Kazuyoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of the type of implant superstructure on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among edentulous patients remains controversial.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the type of implant superstructure and OHRQoL.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐two completely edentulous patients who received implant fixed complete dentures (IFCDs) or implant overdentures (IODs) were administered the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) questionnaire during the post‐treatment maintenance period. The OHIP summary score, as well as the four dimension scores, were calculated to evaluate OHRQoL.ResultsThe mean OHIP summary score for the IFCD group tended to be lower than that for the IOD group, but this difference was not statistically significant (19.9 ± 21.9, 22.8 ± 18.2, respectively; P = .57). However, a significant group difference was found in the four dimension scores (P < .01), with the OHIP item scores representing masticatory function being significantly lower in the IFCD group than in the IOD group (P < .05).ConclusionsOur results suggested that patients with an IOD exhibited comparable OHRQoL to those with an IFCD, with the exception of perceived masticatory function.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of two attachment systems for mandibular overdenture
Authors: Matthys Carine , De Vijlder William , Besseler Jos , Glibert Maarten , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study analysed the cost‐effectiveness of two different attachments for the 2‐implant overdenture (2IOD) in edentulous mandibles.Materials and methodsWhen considering alternative treatments, cost‐effectiveness analysis is an important factor for stakeholders (patient, clinician, social security, insurance company, etc.). A general practice population (n = 116) was treated between 2003 and 2013 with a mandibular 2IOD with 2 different ball/stud attachment systems, one spherical (Group D) and one cylindrical (Group L). Patient well‐being was assessed with OHIP‐14‐Total (OHIP‐14‐T), at intake and annually up to 5 years, to calculate the health effect. Initial and maintenance costs of both treatments were inventoried. The cost‐effectiveness was compared. Annual discount rates of 4% and 1.5% were applied to future costs and health outcomes, following Dutch guidelines. Prices were adjusted to the year 2003. To offset the uncertainty in relevant input parameters, a sensitivity analysis was performed using bootstrap analysis. Significance was set at p < .05.ResultsThe health effect was 6.36 (SD 5.32) for Group D and 8.54 (SD 5.63) for Group L. The sum of the discounted costs up to 5 years was EUR 4,210.98 (SD 634.75) for the D and EUR 3,840.62 (SD 302.63) for the Group L (p = .005). The bootstrapping reports that L abutment clearly dominates the D abutment in terms of cost‐effectiveness.ConclusionsThe 2IOD on the L abutment is dominant compared to the 2IOD on D abutment, in a 5‐year perspective.
Adverse cutaneous reaction to diabetic glucose sensors and insulin pumps: Irritant contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis?
Authors: Herman Anne , de Montjoye Laurence , Baeck Marie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdverse cutaneous reactions to diabetes medical devices (glucose sensors and insulin pumps) are described, notably allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) with isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) and N,N dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) as the main allergen.ObjectivesTo determine if all cases of adverse cutaneous reactions observed with diabetes medical devices (ie FreeStyle Libre, Enlite sensors or insulin pumps), referred to our department with suspected allergies are confirmed as ACD.Patients and methodsFifty‐two patients who presented skin reactions to diabetes medical devices were patch tested with the European baseline series, a plastic and glues series, a (meth) acrylates series, a piece of the adhesive part of the device, as well as IBOA 0.1% and DMAA 0.1% pet.ResultsSeventeen patients had no positive reaction to IBOA nor to the adhesive part of the device; 11 of these also tested with DMAA with negative result. No other relevant allergen was identified.ConclusionSome cutaneous reactions, otherwise very similar to those of patients sensitized to IBOA, can be explained either by the presence of an untested allergen not yet discovered, or by irritant contact dermatitis. Therefore, European legislation on the full labelling of ingredients by manufacturers, in order to facilitate the identification of allergens and irritants, is imperative.
Assessment of the quality of life (QoL) of patients with dermatitis and the impact of patch testing on QoL: A study of 519 patients diagnosed with dermatitis
Authors: Boonchai Waranya , Charoenpipatsin Norramon , Winayanuwattikun Waranaree , Phaitoonwattanakij Sutasinee , Sukakul Thanisorn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDermatitis can impair the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Knowledge of the QoL‐associated factors and the impact of patch testing on QoL is limited.ObjectivesTo identify demographic and clinical factors affecting QoL, and to measure the impact of patch testing on QoL of dermatitis patients.MethodsThe data and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires of 519 dermatitis patients were analyzed. Of these, 107 underwent patch testing and completed the questionnaires two times (once before testing and again 60 days afterward).ResultsThe overall mean (±standard deviation) DLQI was 9.5 (±6.4). Patients aged 20 to 59 years and those who had more frequent disease exacerbations demonstrated significantly higher DLQIs. For each DLQI question, being female and aged 20 to 59 years were associated with impairments of various aspects of life, whereas the anatomical site of dermatitis impacted each question differently. The DLQI scores of the patients undergoing patch testing decreased significantly, irrespective of whether the test results were positive or negative.ConclusionsBeing of a working age and having more frequent disease exacerbations had negative QoL impacts. In addition, patch testing improved almost every aspect of the DLQI.
Using incomplete floristic monitoring data from habitat mapping programmes to detect species trends
Authors: Bruelheide Helge , Jansen Florian , Jandt Ute , Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Bonn Aletta , Bowler Diana , Dengler Jürgen , Eichenberg David , Grescho Volker , Harter David , Jugelt Matthias , Kellner Simon , Ludwig Martin , Wesche Karsten , Lütt Silke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe loss of biodiversity has raised serious concerns about the entailing losses of ecosystem services. Here, we explore the potential of repeated habitat mapping data to identify floristic changes over time. Using one German federal state as a case study, we assessed floristic changes between the 1980s and 2010s. These habitat data have great potential for analysis because of their high spatial coverage while also posing methodological challenges such as incomplete observation data. We developed a modelling approach that accounts for incomplete observations and explored the ability to detect temporal trends.LocationThe Federal State of Schleswig‐Holstein (Germany)MethodsWe compiled plant species lists from the earliest (1980s) and most recent (2010s) habitat mapping survey and aligned differing habitat definitions across mapping campaigns. A total of 5,503 mapped polygons, each with a list of species records, intersected the two surveys. We accounted for underrecorded species by assigning occurrence probabilities, based on species co‐occurrence information across all surveys, using Beals' index and tested the robustness of this approach by simulation experiments. For those species with significant increases and decreases in occurrence probability, we linked these trends to the species' functional characteristics.ResultsWe found a systematic loss of species that are moderately threatened. Species that indicate low nitrogen supply and high soil moisture declined, suggesting a shift towards a more eutrophic and drier landscape. Importantly, assessing specific plant traits associated with losses, we also detected a decrease in species with reddish and blueish flowers and species providing nectar, pointing to a decrease of insect‐pollinated taxa.Main conclusionsThe identified changes raise concerns that plant biodiversity has fundamentally changed over the last three decades, with concomitant consequences for ecosystem services, especially pollination. Given the general lack of historical standardized data, our approach for trend analyses using incomplete observation data may be widely applicable to assess long‐term biodiversity change.
Noninvasive detection of coronary artery stents by transthoracic echocardiography postprocessing subtraction technique
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Yong , Chen Sha‐sha , Chen Xiao‐long 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the feasibility and value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) postprocessing subtraction technique in the detection of a stent in the coronary artery.MethodTransthoracic echocardiography was used to examine 46 coronary artery stents in 30 patients by two‐dimensional ultrasound postprocessing subtraction technique. The shape of each stent and its flow patency were observed. The patency was assessed according to blood flow and mosaic flow in the stent. Then, the results were compared with those of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) records and coronary angiography (CAG).ResultsTransthoracic echocardiography detected 36 stents among 46 stents (two in the LMCA, 23 in the LAD, seven in the RCA, and two in the LCX); the detection rate was 78.3%. The average length of the stents was 21.8 ± 4.1 mm, and the average diameter was 2.4 ± 0.5 mm; both are shorter than those from PCI records (P < .001). Of the 36 stents, blood flow could be observed in 27. Compared with the results of CAG, TTE had 75% feasibility and 92.6% accuracy in detecting flow patency in the stents.ConclusionTransthoracic echocardiography postprocessing subtraction technique could be a noninvasive method for detecting a coronary artery stent and, although the measurements of stent length and diameter were shorter than those of PCI records, an accurate detection of flow patency in the stents was achieved.
An additional life‐history tactic of masu salmon: Migration of parr to coastal habitats
Authors: Kuroki Mari , Tamate Tsuyoshi , Morita Kentaro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlternative life‐history tactics of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou are well documented. Subsequent to the freshwater parr stage (age ≥ 1 + years), an anadromous form migrates to the sea after smolting, while a resident form matures without seaward migration. In addition to this typical migratory dimorphism, anecdotal reports based on field observations have indicated that some underyearling masu salmon use estuarine waters. However, no empirical evidence indicates saltwater utilisation and subsequent survival in the early parr stage. Here, we used otolith microchemistry to examine whether a portion of masu salmon parr in northern Japan enters coastal habitats. The otolith Sr:Ca ratios of most juveniles collected from six rivers had consistently low values, indicating that masu salmon parr inhabiting these rivers stay only in freshwater. In contrast, in individuals from a steep‐gradient river the Sr:Ca ratios increased at about a 200‐µm distance from the otolith core. These results suggest that some masu salmon parr might use brackish water or sea water temporarily. In addition, three masu salmon parr were found in another steep river where a culvert located only ten metres from the river mouth completely blocked upstream migration for spawning. The Sr:Ca ratios in these fish increased at about >200 µm from the otolith core, indicating the parr had immigrated to the non‐natal river from the sea. Such flexible behaviour at an early life stage may contribute to the spatial expansion of masu salmon, and the movement could moreover help to stabilise its population dynamics.
U‐shaped response Unifies views on temperature dependency of stoichiometric requirements
Authors: Ruiz Thomas , Koussoroplis Apostolos‐Manuel , Danger Michael , Aguer Jean‐Pierre , Morel‐Desrosiers Nicole , Bec Alexandre 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTemperature and nutrient availability, which are major drivers of consumer performance, are dramatically affected by global change. To date, there is no consensus on whether warming increases or decreases consumer needs for dietary carbon (C) relatively to phosphorus (P), thus hindering predictions of secondary production responses to global change. Here, we investigate how the dietary C:P ratio optimising consumer growth (TERC:P: Threshold Elemental Ratio) changes along temperature gradients by combining a temperature‐dependent TERC:P model with growth experiments on Daphnia magna. Both lines of evidence show that the TERC:P response to temperature is U‐shaped. This shape indicates that consumer nutrient requirements can both increase or decrease with increasing temperature, thus reconciling previous contradictive observations into a common framework. This unified framework improves our capacity to forecast the combined effects of nutrient cycle and climatic alterations on invertebrate production.