bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy, safety and cardiovascular outcomes of once‐daily oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: The PIONEER programme
Authors: Thethi Tina K. , Pratley Richard , Meier Juris J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) are recommended for glycaemic management in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Oral semaglutide, the first oral GLP‐1RA, has recently been approved for clinical use, based on the results of the randomized, Phase 3a Peptide InnOvatioN for Early diabEtes tReatment (PIONEER) clinical trials. The PIONEER programme tested oral semaglutide in patients with T2D of duration ranging from 3.5 to 15 years, from monotherapy through to insulin add‐on, in global populations and two trials dedicated to Japanese patients. Outcomes (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] and body weight reduction, plus other relevant efficacy and safety endpoints) were tested against both placebo and active standard‐of‐care medications. A separate trial evaluated the cardiovascular safety of oral semaglutide in patients with T2D at high cardiovascular risk. Over periods of treatment up to 78 weeks, oral semaglutide 7 and 14 mg once daily reduced HbA1c and body weight across the spectrum of T2D, and improved other diabetes‐related endpoints, such as fasting plasma glucose. Oral semaglutide provided significantly better efficacy than placebo and commonly used glucose‐lowering medications from the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor (empagliflozin) classes, as well as the subcutaneous GLP‐1RAs liraglutide and dulaglutide. Oral semaglutide was well tolerated in line with the known safety profile of GLP‐1RAs, with transient gastrointestinal events being the most common side effects reported. Cardiovascular safety was demonstrated for oral semaglutide in patients with cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risk. The results of the PIONEER programme suggest that oral semaglutide is efficacious and well tolerated for glycaemic control of T2D. The availability of oral semaglutide may help to broaden treatment choice and facilitate adoption of earlier GLP‐1RA treatment in the paradigm of T2D management.
Do Responsible Fatherhood Programs Work? A Comprehensive Meta‐Analytic Study
Authors: Holmes Erin Kramer , Egginton Braquel R. , Hawkins Alan J. , Robbins Nathan L. , Shafer Kevin 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of fatherhood programs targeting unmarried, low‐income, nonresident fathers.BackgroundPrograms for unmarried, nonresident, and low‐income fathers increased in number and scope over the past decade. Programs for fathers have typically targeted five broad areas: positive father involvement, parenting, co‐parenting, employment, and child support payment.MethodWe conducted a systematic search for published and unpublished evaluations of fathering programs targeting unmarried, never married, and low‐income fathers. We identified 25 reports with 30 independent studies. Of these, 21 employed a control–treatment design, and nine employed a one‐group/pre–post design.ResultsThese programs produce small but statistically significant effects (d = .099, p < .01). We found that only father involvement (d = .114, p < .05), parenting (d = .110, p < .01), and co‐parenting (d = .167, p < .05) were significantly affected; the strongest effect size was in co‐parenting. Unfortunately, these programs did not significantly influence father employment and economic well‐being, nor did they significantly impact father payment of child support.ConclusionAlthough programs for low‐income, unmarried, nonresident fathers have a small statistically significant effect, evaluation work may increase the impact of these programs.Implications.There is a continued need for evaluation focused on unmarried, nonresident, low‐income fathers. There is also need for improved statistical reporting, reports of attrition, assessment of child outcomes, observational measures of outcomes, and better assessment of moderators, such as father age, program location, child developmental stage, multipartner fertility, and other barriers to father involvement.
Depth‐dependent soil organic carbon dynamics of croplands across the Chengdu Plain of China from the 1980s to the 2010s
Authors: Li Qiquan , Li Aiwen , Dai Tianfei , Fan Zemeng , Luo Youlin , Li Shan , Yuan Dagang , Zhao Bin , Tao Qi , Wang Changquan , Li Bing , Gao Xuesong , Li Yiding , Li Huanxiu , Wilson John P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAgricultural soils have tremendous potential to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) and mitigate global climate change. However, agricultural land use has a profound impact on SOC dynamics, and few studies have explored how agricultural land use combined with soil conditions affect SOC changes throughout the soil profile. Based on a paired soil resampling campaign in the 1980s and 2010s, this study investigated the SOC changes of the soil profile caused by agricultural land use and the correlations with parent material and topography across the Chengdu Plain of China. The results showed that the SOC content increased by 3.78 g C/kg in the topsoil (0–20 cm), but decreased in the 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm soil layers by 0.90 and 1.26 g C/kg respectively. SOC increases in topsoil were observed for all types of agricultural land. Afforestation on former agricultural land also caused SOC decreases in the 20–60 cm soil layers, while SOC decreases only occurred in the 40–60 cm soil layer for agricultural land using a traditional crop rotation (i.e. traditional rice–wheat/rapeseed rotation) and with rice–vegetable rotations converted from the traditional rotations. For each agricultural land use, SOC decreases in deep soils only occurred in high relief areas and in soils formed from Q4 (Quaternary Holocene) grey‐brown alluvium and Q4 grey alluvium that had a relatively low soil bulk density and clay content. The results indicated that SOC change caused by agricultural land use was depth dependent and that the effects of agricultural land use on soil profile SOC dynamics varied with soil characteristics and topography. Subsoil SOC decreases were more likely to occur in high relief areas and in soils with low soil bulk density and low clay content.
Global‐scale characterization of turning points in arid and semi‐arid ecosystem functioning
Authors: Bernardino Paulo N. , De Keersmaecker Wanda , Fensholt Rasmus , Verbesselt Jan , Somers Ben , Horion Stéphanie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimChanges in dryland ecosystem functioning are threatening the well‐being of human populations worldwide, and land degradation, exacerbated by climate change, contributes to biodiversity loss and puts pressures on sustainable livelihoods. Here, abrupt changes in ecosystem functioning [so‐called turning points (TPs)] were detected using time series of Earth observation data. Hotspot areas of high TP occurrence were identified, observed changes characterized and insights gained on potential drivers for these changes.LocationArid and semi‐arid regions.Time period1982–2015.MethodsWe used a time series segmentation technique (breaks for additive season and trend) to detect breakpoints in rain‐use efficiency as a means of analysing changes in ecosystem functioning. A new typology to characterize the detected changes was proposed and evaluated, at regional to local scales, for a set of case studies. Ancillary data on population and drought were used to provide insights on potential drivers of TP occurrence.ResultsTurning points in ecosystem functioning were found in 13.6% (c. 2.1 × 106 km2) of global drylands. Turning point hotspots were primarily observed in North America, the Sahel, Central Asia and Australia. In North America, the majority of TPs (62.6%) were characterized by a decreasing trend in ecosystem functioning, whereas for the other regions, a positive reversal in ecosystem functioning was prevalent. Further analysis showed that: (a) both climatic and anthropogenic pressure influenced the occurrence of TPs in North America; (b) Sahelian grasslands were primarily characterized by drought‐induced TPs; and (c) high anthropogenic pressure coincided with the occurrence of TPs in Asia and Australia.Main conclusionsBy developing a new typology targeting the categorization of abrupt and gradual changes in ecosystem functioning, we detected and characterized TPs in global drylands. This TP characterization is a first crucial step towards understanding the drivers of change and supporting better decision‐making for ecosystem conservation and management in drylands.
Decrease in β‐diversity, but not in α‐diversity, of ants in intensively managed coffee plantations
Authors: Escobar‐Ramírez Selene , Tscharntke Teja , Armbrecht Inge , Torres Wilmar , Grass Ingo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Local land‐use intensity and surrounding landscape complexity affect the diversity of local species. Ants are an important biocontrol agent of the coffee berry borer (CBB), the main coffee pest worldwide. Although intensification of coffee production and deforestation in the surrounding landscape may reduce ant diversity, α‐ and β‐diversity patterns of ants in coffee landscapes remain poorly understood.
Ants foraging in coffee bushes were sampled, using tuna baits along an agricultural intensification gradient (forest, shaded coffee and sun coffee) in a Neotropical coffee landscape. We evaluated the differences in α and β components of ant richness, community differentiation and habitat specificity of ant communities, in response to land‐use type and the percentage of surrounding forest.
We found that ant β‐diversity and community differentiation among plots were significantly reduced with coffee management intensity. The amount of forest border adjacent to coffee plantations did not affect α‐ or β‐diversity. Yet, ant habitat specificity in the forest increased with plots having greater amounts of forest border, although in sun coffee plantations, the opposite was found: plots with greater forest border decreased habitat specificity.
We found that conserving forest at landscape scales enhanced β‐diversity, community differentiation and habitat specificity of ants in the forest. Loss of forest cover at landscape scales (i.e. predominance of sun coffee) may lead to biotic homogenisation of ant communities. In conclusion, landscape‐wide ant richness is important in terms of biological CBB control by conservation.
A COMMENT ON “ESTIMATING DYNAMIC DISCRETE CHOICE MODELS WITH HYPERBOLIC DISCOUNTING” BY HANMING FANG AND YANG WANG
Authors: Abbring Jaap H. , Daljord Øystein 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFang and Wang's (2015) Proposition 2 claims generic identification of a dynamic discrete choice model with hyperbolic discounting under exclusion restrictions. We note that Proposition 2 uses a definition of “generic” that does not preclude that a generically identified model is nowhere identified. We provide two examples of models that are generically identified under this definition, but that are, respectively, everywhere and nowhere identified. We then show that the proof of Proposition 2 is incorrect and incomplete. We conclude that Proposition 2 has no implications for identification of the dynamic discrete choice model and suggest alternative approaches to its identification.
Digital transformation of business ecosystems: Evidence from the Korean pop industry
Authors: Tan Felix T. C. , Ondrus Jan , Tan Barney , Oh Jungsuk 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe notion of business ecosystems is gaining prominence among academics and practitioners. Scholars advise that business ecosystems are inherently fluid, unbounded and amorphous and thus that their boundaries can shift. Practitioners further suggest that business ecosystems are characterised by inter‐network – as opposed to inter‐firm – competition, and, moreover, that they are mainly driven by technological advancements. And yet few studies examine the role of information technology (IT) in driving boundary practices that enable the formation and transformation of business ecosystems. Through an in‐depth case study of technology‐enabled transformations within the Korean pop music (K‐pop) industry, our study examines how the digital transformation of business ecosystems unfolded. Our study contributes to the emergent body of knowledge on business ecosystems in a number of ways. Our investigations uncover the conditions under which the constituent firms operate and analyse the role of IT and its implications on new organisational forms. From our analysis, we present a framework that reveals insights on critical boundary practices and formative strategies for digital business ecosystems. We illustrate how these boundary practices drive industry change, from a largely linear content delivery system resembling a value chain to a new value network of co‐specialisation and self‐organisation among firms in a new digital business ecosystem.
Efficacy of repeat forward‐view examination of the right‐sided colon during colonoscopy: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Su Young , Lee Sang Jin , Chung Jun‐Won , Kwon Kwang An , Kim Kyoung Oh , Kim Yoon Jae , Kim Jung Ho , Park Dong Kyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimGenerally, colonoscopy is less effective for detecting colorectal adenomas in the right‐sided colon compared with the distal colon. Repeat forward‐view (RF) examination of the right‐sided colon has been suggested to increase the adenoma detection rate (ADR). However, studies investigating the efficacy of RF examination are lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether RF examination in the right‐sided colon enhances right‐sided ADR.MethodsWe performed a prospective, randomized controlled trial, including asymptomatic subjects who underwent screening colonoscopy. Subjects were randomized to the RF group, in which the right‐sided colon was examined twice in the forward view, or to the standard forward‐view (SF) group, in which the right‐sided colon was examined once in the forward view. The primary outcome was the right‐sided ADR on RF examination of the right‐sided colon.ResultsA total of 640 subjects completed the study protocol (RF group, n = 320; SF group, n = 320). The right‐sided ADR in the RF group was significantly higher than that in the SF group (17.5% vs 11.9%, respectively; P = 0.044). In the RF group, an additional 31 adenomas were found, resulting in an increased detection rate of adenomas of 38.3% compared with the first forward view. The ADR of the whole colon was similar between the groups.ConclusionsIn our prospective randomized controlled trial, RF examination of the right‐sided colon, which can be easily performed in clinical practice, was associated with an increased rate of detection of right‐sided ADR.
Examining the Influence of Workplace Incivility on Nurses’ Patient Safety Competence
Authors: Alquwez Nahed 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study assessed clinical nurses’ workplace incivility experiences and determined the effects of workplace incivility experiences on nurses’ patient safety competence.DesignThis quantitative study surveyed 261 clinical nurses in two acute healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia from June to August 2019.MethodsA self‐administered survey, including the Nurse Incivility Scale and the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey, was employed to assess the variables workplace incivility and patient safety competence. The association between incivility and patient safety competence was analysed using multivariate multiple regression.ResultsThe highest mean score was recorded for patient or visitor incivility, whereas the lowest score was recorded for supervisor incivility. Regarding patient safety competence, the dimension “communicating effectively” received the highest mean score, whereas “working in teams with other health professionals” was rated lowest. General and nurse incivilities had multivariate effects on the six dimensions of patient safety competence.ConclusionsNurses’ experiences of uncivil acts from nurses and from general incivility negatively impact nurses’ patient safety competence.Clinical RelevanceThis investigation could guide the establishment of policies centered on boosting the patient safety competence of nurses by addressing uncivil acts in healthcare settings.
A nurse prescriber‐led protocol for anaemia management in established haemodialysis patients: A retrospective study
Authors: George Sani , McCann Margaret 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAim and objectiveTo evaluate the impact of a nurse prescriber‐led protocol compared to a traditional physician‐led nonprotocol‐based approach had on maintaining targeted haemoglobin levels in patients on maintenance haemodialysis.BackgroundAnaemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease and has a profound impact on the patients’ well‐being. Current practices place a greater emphasis on the decision‐making role of nurses in renal anaemia management. The introduction of nurse prescribing in this area is a relatively new concept.DesignA retrospective cohort design, covering an eight‐month period pre‐ and post introduction of a nurse prescriber‐led anaemia protocol; study adheres to the STROBE Statement.MethodsUsing a nonprobability convenience sample, data extracted from the medical records and electronic patient records system (eMed) related to 74 patients at a single outpatient haemodialysis centre located within an acute general teaching hospital. The primary outcome was patients’ haemoglobin level pre‐ and post introduction of the protocol. Secondary outcomes included erythropoietin‐stimulating agent and iron dosage, and serum ferritin and transferrin saturation levels.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between pre‐ and post protocol serum haemoglobin level and erythropoietin‐stimulating agent dosage. Under the management of the nurse prescriber, patients experienced a significant improvement in serum ferritin and transferrin saturation levels and required significantly less intravenous iron dosage.ConclusionsThis study, the first of its kind, found that patients receiving haemodialysis experience a significant improvement in iron indices while receiving a significantly lower amount of intravenous iron when managed by a nurse prescriber. Furthermore, the nurse prescribers’ decision‐making capacity is as effective as a physician‐led nonprotocol‐based approach in achieving haemoglobin target levels.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse prescribers have a role in implementing a safe, standardised and sustained approach to anaemia management in outpatient haemodialysis settings without compromising patient care.
Ehrlichia canisin dogs experimentally infected, treated, and then immune suppressed during the acute or subclinical phases
Authors: Sato Masahiko , Veir Julia K. , Shropshire Sarah B. , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundConcerns for recrudescence ofEhrlichia canisinfection arise when immunosuppressive drugs are used to treat immune‐mediated diseases in dogs previously infected withE. canis.ObjectivesDetermine whether administration of prednisolone and cyclosporine would reactivateE. canisinfection in dogs previously treated with doxycycline during the acute or subclinical phases.AnimalsSeven beagles previously experimentally infected withE. canisand administered doxycycline for 4 weeks were included. Three of the 7 dogs were incidentally concurrently infected withAnaplasma platysandBabesia vogeliand were administered 2 doses of imidocarb 2 weeks apart before enrollment in the current study.MethodsExperimental study. Each dog was administered prednisolone and cyclosporine for 6 weeks. Clinical signs, complete blood cell count (CBC), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays forE. canis,A. platys, andB. vogeliDNA in blood,E. canisindirect fluorescent antibodies (IFA) titers, and flow cytometry for antiplatelet antibodies were monitored.ResultsAll dogs completed the immunosuppressive protocol. No evidence for recrudescence ofE. canis,A. platys, orB. vogeliwere detected based on clinical signs or results of CBC, PCR, IFA, and flow cytometry for antiplatelet antibodies.E. canisIFA titers were negative in 5/7 dogs at the end of immunosuppressive protocol and were negative 6 months after the protocol in 5/5 dogs available for testing.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs administered with a 4‐week course of doxycycline with or without imidocarb failed to show evidence of activation ofE. canisinfection after administration of a commonly used immune suppressive protocol.
Terpenoids are transported in the xylem sap of Norway spruce
Authors: Duan Qiuxiao , Bonn Boris , Kreuzwieser Jürgen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNorway spruce is a conifer storing large amounts of terpenoids in resin ducts of various tissues. Parts of the terpenoids stored in needles can be emitted together with de novo synthesized terpenoids. Since previous studies provided hints on xylem transported terpenoids as a third emission source, we tested if terpenoids are transported in xylem sap of Norway spruce. We further aimed at understanding if they might contribute to terpenoid emission from needles. We determined terpenoid content and composition in xylem sap, needles, bark, wood and roots of field grown trees, as well as terpenoid emissions from needles. We found considerable amounts of terpenoids—mainly oxygenated compounds—in xylem sap. The terpenoid concentration in xylem sap was relatively low compared with the content in other tissues, where terpenoids are stored in resin ducts. Importantly, the terpenoid composition in the xylem sap greatly differed from the composition in wood, bark or roots, suggesting that an internal transport of terpenoids takes place at the sites of xylem loading. Four terpenoids were identified in xylem sap and emissions, but not within needle tissue, suggesting that these compounds are likely derived from xylem sap. Our work gives hints that plant internal transport of terpenoids exists within conifers; studies on their functions should be a focus of future research.