Abstract 5210: Novel SIK2 inhibitors sensitize ovarian and breast cancer to PARP inhibitors
Authors: Lu Zhen , Mso Weiqun , Santiago-O'Farrill Janice M. , Yang Hailing , Pang Lan , Ahmed Ahmed A. , Vankayalapati Hariprasad , Bast Robert C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Genomic instability is a recognized hallmark of cancer. Germline mutations in critical DNA-repair and DNA-damage response genes predispose to cancer development, but also create vulnerabilities that can be exploited for cancer therapy. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are selectively active in cells with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) caused by mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and other DNA repair genes. PARP inhibitors elicit significant responses in ovarian and breast cancers from BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. However, many cancers that initially respond to PARP inhibitors eventually develop drug resistance. Thus, it is important to develop new strategies to enhance PARP inhibitor sensitivity and to increase the duration of response. We have identified Salt Induced Kinase 2 (SIK2) inhibitors (ARN3236 and ARN3261) that induce double strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA of HR-competent cells and produce synthetic lethality with multiple PARP inhibitors. SIK2 is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related protein kinase that is required for ovarian cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. SIK2 is overexpressed and correlates with poor prognosis in patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and triple negative breast cancer. SIK2 inhibition enhances paclitaxel sensitivity in both cancer types. We have demonstrated that olaparib-induced-growth inhibition was significantly enhanced by concurrent treatment with either ARN3236 or ARN3261 in each of 12 ovarian and breast cancer cell lines tested, but not in 3 non-tumorigenic cell lines. Co-administration of olaparib with SIK2 inhibitors suppressed tumor growth and increased the survival of mice with human ovarian (OC316) and breast (MDA-MB-231) cancer xenografts without affecting animal weight. ARN3261 produced little toxicity in preclinical toxicology studies. SIK2 inhibitors decrease the phosphorylation of class-IIa HDAC4/5/7 and abolish class-IIa HDAC 4/5/7-associated transcriptional activity of Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2D (MEF2D). Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) sequencing revealed that SIK2 inhibitors reduce MEF2D binding to regulatory regions with high-chromatin accessibility in DNA repair genes, including FANCD2, EXO1 and XRCC4, resulting in repression of critical genes in DNA DSB repair pathway and induction of apoptosis. In addition, SIK2 inhibitors significantly decreased olaparib-mediated PARP activity and enhanced olaparib-induced cytotoxicity. Together, our data argue that the combination of a SIK2 inhibitor and a PARP inhibitor has the potential to increase the magnitude and duration of PARP inhibitor activity with tolerable toxicity. Use of a SIK2 inhibitor in combination with a PARP inhibitor provides a novel therapeutic strategy for ovarian and triple negative breast cancers with or without BRCA gene mutation.
Citation Format: Zhen Lu, Weiqun Mso, Janice M. Santiago-O'Farrill, Hailing Yang, Lan Pang, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Hariprasad Vankayalapati, Robert C. Bast Jr. Novel SIK2 inhibitors sensitize ovarian and breast cancer to PARP inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5210.