bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GIS-Based Climate Change Induced Flood Risk Mapping in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibanga Obot Akpan , Idehen Osaretin Friday 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Flood is one of the climate change induced hazards occurring in most parts of the world. It exposes humanity and many socio-ecological systems to various levels of risks. In Nigeria, extreme rainfall events and poor drainage system have caused inundation of several settlements to flooding. To contain the disaster, risk mapping were among the measures recommended.
Aims: The aim of this paper is to highlight flood risk zones (FRZ) in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area (LGA), Edo State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Flood risk (FR) was mapped using hazards and vulnerability and implemented using geographic information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria analysis analytic hierarchy process (MCA-AHP) framework by incorporating seven environmental and two socio-economic factors. Elevation, flow accumulation, soil water index of wettest quarter, normalized difference vegetation index, rainfall of wettest quarter, runoff of wettest quarter and distance from rivers constituted the hazard component while population density and area of agricultural land use was the vulnerability layer. The climate change induced flood risk was validated using the responses of 150 residents in high, moderate and low flood risk zones.
Results: The resulting flood risk map indicated that about 40.4% of Uhunmwonde LGA fell within high flood risk zone, 35.3% was categorized under moderate flood risk zone whereas low flood risk zone extended up to about 24.3% of the LGA. The high number of respondents who reported occurrence of flooding with frequency being very often and the fact that flooding was a very serious environmental threat during on-the-spot field assessment validated the generated climate change induced flood risk.
Conclusion: The utilitarian capabilities of GIS-based MCA-AHP framework in integrating remotely-sensed biophysical and climate change related flood inducing indicators with socio-economic vulnerabilities to arrive at composite flood risk was demonstrated.
Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaf Extract Effect as an Option of Treatment of Ibuprofen-induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Abireh Ifeanacho Ezeteonu , Ozioko Onyinye Mary , Ozor Ignatius Ikemefuna , Bello Elizabeth Finbarrs- , Ozioko Uche Sebastine , Egbo Franklin 
Published: July 2020

Aim: This study investigated the curative effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica on Ibuprofen-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rat
Study Design: This is an experimental research
Place of Research: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology.
Methodology: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, with 4 rats in each group. Group 1 was control and received oral normal saline 0.5 ml daily. Group 2-6 had induction of nephrotoxicity using oral Ibuprofen 400 mg/Kg daily for 5 days. Group 3-5 were subsequently treated with gavage Azadirachta indica leaf extract 200 mg/Kg, 400 mg/Kg and 800 mg/Kg, respectively, for 5 days. And Group 6 was treated with oral Vitamin E 1000 iu/kg for 5 days.
Results: Ibuprofen induced nephrotoxicity as evidenced by elevation of serum creatinine level in group 2 (1.99 ± 0.83), when compared to 0.48 ± 0.07 obtained in group 1 (control), and Bowman’s capsule enlargement with glomerular degeneration observed in group 2. The serum creatinine levels progressively approached the level of that of the control in groups treated with Azadirachta indica leaf extract, groups 3 (1.69 ± 0.52), 4 (0.69 ± 0.10) and 5 (0.49 ± 0.10). Also, the histoarchitecture progressively normalized to that of control with each increase in dose of the extract.
Conclusion: Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract administration led to the resolution of Ibuprofen-induced kidney injury in this study. Thus, it can serve as a treatment option for kidney injury resulting from ingestion of Ibuprofen, after the identification of the molecule responsible for this effect.
Dermatophytes and Other Keratinophiic Fungi in Soils of Anguilla, British West Indies (BWI)
Authors: Giugnani Harish C. , Venketesan Kirtika 
Published: July 2020

Aims: Keratinophilic fungi include dermatophytes and a variety of other fungi. Information on their occurrence in several Caribbean countries is scarce. This study investigates occurrence of dermatophytes and other keratinophiic fungi in soils of Anguilla, British West Indies (BWI) and emphasizes its public health significance.
Study design: Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in the Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla (BWI). One hundred and ten samples of soils from habitats in several localities in Anguilla were examined.
Methodology: The samples were processed by Vanbreuseghem’s hair-bait technique. Bits of fungal growth on hair-bates were cultured on Mycobiotic agar to get pure cultures. Identification of the isolates was accomplished by a detailed study of colonial characters and microscopical features of the isolates.
Results: Eighty-five isolates of keratinophilic fungi were recovered. The identified species included two geophilic dermatophytes, Micrsporum fulvum and M. gypseum and two species of Chrysosporium, namely Chrysosporium keratinophilum and C. indicum, M. fulvum was the predominant species being recovered from 35 (31.8%) of the soil samples followed by C. keratinophilum being isolated from 15.5% of the samples. M. gypseum was present in 8 (7.3%) of the samples. The prevalence of other species was as follows: C. indicum (13.6%), Chrysosporium spp. (4.5%) and Sepedonium spp. (4.5%).
Conclusion: The preponderance occurrence of M. fulvum over M. gypseum and that of C. keratinophilum over C. indicum in soils of Anguilla is a remarkable observation. The farmers, other workers, school children who come in contact with soil are likely to be infected with a dermatophytes and also the visitors to the beaches and the local population nearby.
Enabling conditions for the implementation and conservation outcomes of a private nature reserve
Authors: Leverkus Alexandro B. , Rey Benayas José María , Solís Pedro , Sierra José María 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Expanding conservation efforts to private land is paramount to halt biodiversity loss and achieve global conservation targets. Individual landowners can play disproportionately important roles by establishing private parks and managing them with biodiversity‐focused objectives. However, several constraints hinder the expansion of such initiatives, and little is known about their extent, characteristics and keys for success.
Here, we provide insights on the conditions that favoured the establishment and conservation outcomes of a private reserve in central Spain whose management has been fully conservation‐oriented for the past two decades. We report on the actions implemented to accomplish four key targets that aimed at protecting and enhancing wildlife populations, and on the landholder's motivations to devote his personal resources to pursue this goal.
After acquiring the land, the landowner has made efforts to restore native wildlife populations after decades of poaching and intensive cattle raising. Key actions included re‐establishing degraded vegetation and fostering keystone rabbit populations to sustain carnivore populations. Water bodies are maintained to provide drinking points and foster aquatic animal populations; nest boxes target birds and bats. Many actions resulted from advice from multiple stakeholders, including public administration officers, academics, local residents and NGOs. The estate's formal conservation status has made it a partner in major conservation projects, including repeated releases of captively bred Iberian lynx. The landowner's determination for long‐term conservation was formalised through a legal protected‐area status.
The condition that drove the creation of the reserve was the landowner's intrinsic motivation, which resulted from conservation ethic, personal identity and the desire to share and educate about the multiple values of nature. Additionally, several external conditions, such as accessibility and appropriate reserve size (biophysical conditions), the lack of need for economic activities (economic), a positive and pro‐active relationship with multiple stakeholders (social‐cultural), the protected‐area status and the capacity to make decisions independently (governance‐related), have helped sustain the project.
The landholder suggests that public policy should reduce the bureaucratic burden to intrinsically motivated landowners and provide them technical advice, trust and financial incentives to expand conservation on private land.
Enrichment Strategy for Systemic Sclerosis Clinical Trials Targeting Skin Fibrosis: A Prospective, Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Mihai Carina , Dobrota Rucsandra , Assassi Shervin , Mayes Maureen D. , Distler Oliver 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) is often used as a primary outcome measure in systemic sclerosis (SSc) randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Previous cohort studies with predominantly European Caucasian patients showed that setting an upper limit of mRSS as a selection criterion for RCTs leads effectively to enrichment with progressive patients. This study aimed to demonstrate this effect in an ethnically diverse cohort, rich in patients positive for anti‐RNA polymerase III antibodies (Pol3).MethodsWe selected from the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcomes Study (GENISOS) cohort patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), who had mRSS of 7 or more at inclusion and a documented mRSS after 12 ± 2 months. Progression of skin fibrosis was defined as an increase in mRSS greater than 5 points and 25% or more from baseline. To identify the optimal cutoff for the baseline mRSS yielding the highest sensitivity for progressive skin fibrosis, we developed ROC curves and logistic regression models with “progression” as the outcome variable and a binary variable of baseline mRSS cutoff point as predictor.ResultsWe included 152 patients (age and disease duration [mean ± SD, years]: 48.7 ± 13.0 and 2.4 ± 1.5 respectively, 22.4% males, 34.2% Pol3‐positive). Seventeen patients (11.2%) had skin fibrosis progression after 12 ± 2 months. An mRSS cutoff of 27 or less had the highest probability of progression (odds ratio, 9.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.173‐70.851; P = 0.035; area under the curve, 0.652; sensitivity, 94%).ConclusionWe demonstrated in an ethnically diverse cohort of patients with early dcSSc and with a high proportion of patients who are Pol3‐positive that setting an upper limit of the mRSS as a selection criterion leads effectively to cohort enrichment with progressors.
Impedimetric Detection and Electromediated Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Using Microfabricated Biosensors for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Intervention in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Bussooa Anubhav , Hoare Daniel , Kirimi Mahmut T. , Mitra Srinjoy , Mirzai Nosrat , Neale Steve L. , Mercer John R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases remain a significant global burden with 1‐in‐3 of all deaths attributable to the consequences of the disease. The main cause is blocked arteries which often remain undetected. Implantable medical devices (IMDs) such as stents and grafts are often used to reopen vessels but over time these too will re‐block. A vascular biosensor is developed that can report on cellularity and is amenable to being mounted on a stent or graft for remote reporting. Moreover, the device is designed to also receive currents that can induce a controlled form of cell death, apoptosis. A combined diagnostic and therapeutic biosensor would be transformational for the treatment of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and central line access. In this work, a cell sensing and cell apoptosing system based on the same interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) is developed. It is shown that the device is scalable and that by miniaturizing the IDEs, the detection sensitivity is increased. Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells is monitored using continuous impedance measurements at a frequency of 10 kHz and rates of cell death are tracked using fluorescent dyes and live cell imaging.
Soybean maturity group and planting date influence grain yield and nitrogen dynamics
Authors: Ortel Carrie C. , Roberts Trenton L. , Hoegenauer Kyle A. , Purcell Larry C. , Slaton Nathan A. , Gbur Edward E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractManipulation of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] maturity group (MG) and planting date will increase the yield of a soybean crop while simultaneously influencing the potential soil‐nitrogen (N) credits. Variations in N returned to the soil by soybean can significantly affect the amount of fertilizer‐N needed for the subsequent crop. Four soybean MGs (3.5, 4.7, 5.4, and 5.6) were evaluated at optimal and late planting dates in Arkansas. Grain yield was significantly different among MGs in 2016 (P = .0012) and 2017 (P = .0004), with the 4.7 MG consistently yielding the highest at 3,232 kg ha−1. Plant total aboveground N uptake (TNU) increased with increasing grain yield (P = .0167) and was significantly higher when planted in an optimal planting window (P = .0004). The N removed from the cropping system through grain harvest (147–201 kg N ha−1) was significantly different among MGs in 2016 (P < .0001) and in 2017 was significantly influenced by the planting date × MG interaction (P = .0397). The net N returned to the soil through unharvested biomass (24–75 kg N ha−1) was not influenced by planting date (P = .7796) or MG (P = .3475); however, net N returned decreased as grain yield increased (P = .0522). An optimum planting date of a well‐adapted soybean MG produces the highest grain yield, TNU, and N removed from the cropping system, identifying a relationship that allows producers to achieve maximum profitability while minimizing inputs to the whole farm system.
Epidemiology, clinical picture and long‐term outcomes ofFIP1L1‐PDGFRA‐positive myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia: Data from 151 patients
Authors: Rohmer Julien , Couteau‐Chardon Amélie , Trichereau Julie , Panel Kewin , Gesquiere Cyrielle , Ben Abdelali Raouf , Bidet Audrey , Bladé Jean‐Sébastien , Cayuela Jean‐Michel , Cony‐Makhoul Pascale , Cottin Vincent , Delabesse Eric , Ebbo Mikaël , Fain Olivier , Flandrin Pascale , Galicier Lionel , Godon Catherine , Grardel Nathalie , Guffroy Aurélien , Hamidou Mohamed , Hunault Mathilde , Lengline Etienne , Lhomme Faustine , Lhermitte Ludovic , Machelart Irène , Mauvieux Laurent , Mohr Catherine , Mozicconacci Marie‐Joelle , Naguib Dina , Nicolini Franck E. , Rey Jerome , Rousselot Philippe , Tavitian Suzanne , Terriou Louis , Lefèvre Guillaume , Preudhomme Claude , Kahn Jean‐Emmanuel , Groh Matthieu ,   CEREO and GBMHM collaborators
Published: July 2020

AbstractFIP1L1‐PDGFRA‐positive myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia (F/P+ MN‐eo) is a rare disease: robust epidemiological data are lacking and reported issues are scarce, of low sample‐size and limited follow‐up. Imatinib mesylate (IM) is highly efficient but no predictive factor of relapse after discontinuation has yet been identified. One hundred and fifty‐one patients with F/P+ MN‐eo (143 males; mean age at diagnosis 49 years; mean annual incidence: 0.18 case per million population) were included in this retrospective nationwide study involving all French laboratories who perform the search of F/P fusion gene (study period: 2003‐2019). The main organs involved included the spleen (44%), skin (32%), lungs (30%), heart (19%) and central nervous system (9%). Serum vitamin B12 and tryptase levels were elevated in 74/79 (94%) and 45/57 (79%) patients, respectively, and none of the 31 patients initially treated with corticosteroids achieved complete hematologic remission. All 148 (98%) IM‐treated patients achieved complete hematologic and molecular (when tested, n = 84) responses. Forty‐six patients eventually discontinued IM, among whom 20 (57%) relapsed. In multivariate analysis, time to IM initiation (continuous HR: 1,01 [0.99‐1,03];P= .05) and duration of IM treatment (continuous HR: 0,97 [0,95‐0,99];P= .004) were independent factors of relapse after discontinuation of IM. After a mean follow‐up of 80 (56) months, the 1, 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates in IM‐treated patients were 99%, 95% and 84% respectively. In F/P+ MN‐eo, prompt initiation of IM and longer treatment durations may prevent relapses after discontinuation of IM.
Historical antecedents and recent innovations in pitheciid (titi, saki, and uakari) feeding ecology
Authors: Norconk Marilyn A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe modern pitheciids (titis, sakis, and uakaris) of northern South America represent one of the earliest radiations of platyrrhines and demonstrate morphological adaptations and ecological strategies for seed eating. While seeds can provide reliable resources for relatively long periods of time, they are often well protected by thick husks and hard seed coverings. Seeds also tend to be rich in lipids, but they may also be high in indigestible fiber. Even though seed eaters are found in each major primate radiation, only the pitheciids demonstrate primary adaptations for eating seeds. In this partly historical, partly contemporary review, I examine the ecological and anatomical correlates of seed eating. It is dedicated to two well‐known field primatologists: ecologist and conservationist J. Márcio Ayres; and anatomist and ecologist Warren G. Kinzey. Using observations in Kinzey (1992,Am J Phys Anthropol, 88, pp. 499–514) as a framework, I provide context and analysis for the intervening three decades of pitheciid research to identify what we know about this understudied group of primates and propose directions for future work.
Assessing patterns of variation in BV/TV in the calcaneus and C2 vertebra of Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and populations of Homo sapiens from the Pleistocene and Holocene that differ in physical activity levels
Authors: Addison Brian J. , Lieberman Daniel E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesBecause trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) is influenced by variations in physical activity recent declines in BV/TV in humans are often attributed to modern sedentary lifestyles. This study tests the hypothesis that presumed variations in mechanical loading between groups can predict the observed BV/TV patterns in humans, chimpanzees and gorillas in two bones: the calcaneus which experiences high and well characterized impact forces, and the C2 vertebrae which experiences reduced locomotor forces.Materials and methodsBV/TV and other structural variables were quantified from high‐resolution microCT scans in gorillas, chimpanzees, and four Homo sapiens populations: Pleistocene, semi‐sedentary Natufians; Holocene hunter‐gatherers from Point Hope, Alaska; Holocene nomadic pastoralists from medieval Europe; and modern, sedentary Americans.ResultsIn the calcaneal tuberosity, Natufian BV/TV was 36, 46, and 46% greater than Alaskans (p = .02), Europeans (p = .005) and modern Americans (p = .002), respectively, but not significantly different from apes. BV/TV was not significantly different between modern Americans and Alaskans or Europeans. In the C2, Natufian BV/TV was 53 and 25% greater than in the Alaskan (p = .0001) and European (p = .048) populations.DiscussionThese results suggest that phenomena other than or in addition to variations in physical activity are needed to explain BV/TV patterns observed in H. sapiens, and point to a systemic decline in H. sapiens BV/TV after the Pleistocene.
X‐ray Crystallographic Observation of Chiral Transformations within a Metal–Peptide Pore
Authors: Saito Ami , Sawada Tomohisa , Fujita Makoto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPorous metal complexes enable single‐crystal X‐ray crystallographic observation of included guests or reaction intermediates through simple soaking with the guests/substrates. Previous studies on this technique have often encountered difficulties in the observation of chiral structures because the host frameworks had no chirality. We synthesized a new metal–peptide porous complex through a folding‐and‐assembly strategy and utilized the chiral pore for trapping chiral guests. Chiral alcohols and ketones were successfully included within the pore. Crystallographic analyses clearly revealed not only their chemical structures but also chiral transformation events within the pore such as fixed conformations or an unstable hemiacetal formation.
Toward Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Zeolites: A Rational Strategy for Fluoride‐Free Synthesis of STW‐Type Zeolite
Authors: Shinno Yuki , Iyoki Kenta , Ohara Koji , Yanaba Yutaka , Naraki Yusuke , Okubo Tatsuya , Wakihara Toru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe STW‐type zeolite is attractive for developing novel enantioselective syntheses/separation of chiral compounds because it is the only chiral zeolitic microporous material whose enantioenriched synthesis has been achieved. In addition to the conventional industries in which zeolites are used, STW should have diverse industrial applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries. However, the toxic and caustic fluoride required for synthesizing STW severely hinders its commercialization by mass production. Herein, we report the first example of fluoride‐free STW synthesis, in which the two roles of fluoride—formation of a zeolitic framework rich in tetravalent T‐atoms and promotion of double 4‐membered ring unit formation—were substituted by dry gel conversion and Ge addition, respectively. The STW obtained was highly crystalline, with a similar micropore volume and thermal stability as those of original fluoride‐based STW. Our approach is promising not only for the fluoride‐free synthesis of enantiomeric STW but also for general fluoride‐free syntheses.
Molecular Ferroelectrics‐Driven High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Li , Xiao Ling‐Bo , Zhao Jie , Pan Bing‐Kun , Li Jun , Liao Wei‐Qiang , Xiong Ren‐Gen , Zou Gui‐Fu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe nonradiative recombination of electrons and holes has been identified as the main cause of energy loss in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Sufficient built‐in field and defect passivation can facilitate effective separation of electron–hole pairs to address the crucial issues. For the first time, we introduce a homochiral molecular ferroelectric into a PSC to enlarge the built‐in electric field of the perovskite film, thereby facilitating effective charge separation and transportation. As a consequence of similarities in ionic structure, the molecular ferroelectric component of the PSC passivates the defects in the active perovskite layers, thereby inducing an approximately eightfold enhancement in photoluminescence intensity and reducing electron trap‐state density. The photovoltaic molecular ferroelectric PSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency as high as 21.78 %.