bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward General Principles for Resilience Engineering
Authors: Yu David J. , Schoon Michael L. , Hawes Jason K. , Lee Seungyoon , Park Jeryang , Rao P. Suresh C. , Siebeneck Laura K. , Ukkusuri Satish V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMaintaining the performance of infrastructure‐dependent systems in the face of surprises and unknowable risks is a grand challenge. Addressing this issue requires a better understanding of enabling conditions orprinciplesthat promote system resilience in a universal way. In this study, a set of such principles is interpreted as a group of interrelated conditions or organizational qualities that, taken together, engender system resilience. The field of resilience engineering identifies basic system or organizational qualities (e.g., abilities for learning) that are associated with enhanced general resilience and has packaged them into a set of principles that should be fostered. However, supporting conditions that give rise to such first‐order system qualities remain elusive in the field. An integrative understanding of how such conditions co‐occur and fit together to bring about resilience, therefore, has been less clear. This article contributes to addressing this gap by identifying a potentially more comprehensive set of principles for building general resilience in infrastructure‐dependent systems. In approaching this aim, we organize scattered notions from across the literature. To reflect the partly self‐organizing nature of infrastructure‐dependent systems, we compare and synthesize two lines of research on resilience: resilience engineering and social‐ecological system resilience. Although some of the principles discussed within the two fields overlap, there are some nuanced differences. By comparing and synthesizing the knowledge developed in them, we recommend an updated set of resilience‐enhancing principles for infrastructure‐dependent systems. In addition to proposing an expanded list of principles, we illustrate how these principles can co‐occur and their interdependencies.
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation improves pain and descending mechanics among elderly with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Song Qipeng , Shen Peixin , Mao Min , Sun Wei , Zhang Cui , Li Li 
Published: May 2020

PurposeKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common disease that causes pain and limits functionality in the elderly during daily activities, especially during stair descent. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) practices promote multiple‐plane joint movements, which relieve pain and increase joint range of motion (ROM). This study aims to examine the effects of a 12‐week PNF intervention on pain relief, passive and active joint ROM, external knee adduction moment (KAM), and hip adduction moment (HAM) in the elderly with KOA during stair descent.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐six elderly who were diagnosed with KOA were assessed for eligibility and, 36 of them met the inclusive criteria, were randomly divided into two groups: the twelve‐week PNF intervention group and the control group. Pain score was measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). Passive joint ROM was measured using a goniometer. Active joint ROM, KAM, and HAM during stair descent were measured using a motion analysis system with a force platform. All the data were recorded at weeks 0, 6, and 12.ResultsCompared to the control group, the PNF group showed a decreased pain score; increased passive hip, knee, and ankle ROM; a decreased minimum knee flexion angle, and increased HAM during stair descent.PerspectiveProprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation intervention is a successful method to relieve symptoms of KOA. It relieves pain without increasing KAM, enhances passive ROM, increases active knee flexion ROM, and increases HAM during stair descent in the elderly with KOA.
Vertical distribution of fertilizer nitrogen from surface water flooding of a silt loam and clay soil used for rice production
Authors: Savin Mary C. , Daigh Aaron Lee M. , Brye Kristofor R. , Norman Richard , Miller David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNitrogen (N) fertilizer retention and short‐term vertical redistribution into soil affect N balance and N‐use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems. A series of experiments was conducted on intact soil cores obtained from rice production fields to track floodwater and soil ammonium‐ and nitrate‐N concentrations up to 96 hr after urea and ammonium sulphate fertilizer amendments to dry, silt loam soil (a) as compared to clay soil, (b) with and without a delay before floodwater establishment and (c) at two initial soil water conditions (dry and muddy). The impact of a 5‐day delay before flood establishment was also compared between untreated and N‐(n‐butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)‐treated urea‐N concentrations. Urea‐derived N generally moved deeper into dry, silt loam soil than ammonium sulphate. Ammonium sulphate‐derived N concentration was greatest in the surface 2 cm of soil, decreased with depth, and was unaffected by floodwater duration. A 5‐day delay between fertilization and flooding resulted in urea behaving similarly to ammonium sulphate, although NBPT treatment resulted in vertical N distributions similar to those for untreated urea applied to dry, immediately flooded soil. When urea was applied to muddy soil, no fertilizer N was observed below 2 cm, while large concentrations of ammonium‐N remained in the floodwater. Results collectively demonstrate the importance of immediate downward movement of fertilizer‐applied N into dry soil for retention, and the use of a urease inhibitor to maximize urea‐derived N downward movement into soil when a delay in flood establishment cannot be avoided.
Management of transplant patients outside hospital during COVID‐19 epidemic: A Chinese experience
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Wei Lai , Liu Bin , Du Dunfeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic poses an increasing challenge for transplant community. Aggressive management measures are conductive to improve compliance and to lower the risk of intra‐hospital infection. In this Personal Viewpoint essay, we shared experiences about management strategies of transplant patients outside hospital amid the epidemic. With the aid of Cloud Clinic service and telemedicine care, transplant patients could be regularly followed up and get medical consultation online. Furthermore, personal health education and mental health assistance are enrolled in our practice.
Modulation of cortical slow oscillatory rhythm by GABAB receptors: an in vitro experimental and computational study
Authors: Perez‐Zabalza Maria , Reig Ramon , Manrique Jesus , Jercog Daniel , Winograd Milena , Parga Nestor , Sanchez‐Vives Maria V. 
Published: May 2020

Key points
We confirm that GABAB receptors (GABAB‐Rs) are involved in the termination of Up‐states; their blockade consistently elongates Up‐states.
GABAB‐Rs also modulate Down‐states and the oscillatory cycle, thus having an impact on slow oscillation rhythm and its regularity.
The most frequent effect of GABAB‐R blockade is elongation of Down‐states and subsequent decrease of oscillatory frequency, with an increased regularity. In a quarter of cases, GABAB‐R blockade shortened Down‐states and increased oscillatory frequency, changes that are independent of firing rates in Up‐states.
Our computer model provides mechanisms for the experimentally observed dynamics following blockade of GABAB‐Rs, for Up/Down durations, oscillatory frequency and regularity. The time course of excitation, inhibition and adaptation can explain the observed dynamics of the network.
This study brings novel insights into the role of GABAB‐R‐mediated slow inhibition on the slow oscillatory activity, which is considered the default activity pattern of the cortical network.

AbstractSlow wave oscillations (SWOs) dominate cortical activity during deep sleep, anaesthesia and in some brain lesions. SWOs are composed of periods of activity (Up states) interspersed with periods of silence (Down states). The rhythmicity expressed during SWOs integrates neuronal and connectivity properties of the network and is often altered under pathological conditions. Adaptation mechanisms as well as synaptic inhibition mediated by GABAB receptors (GABAB‐Rs) have been proposed as mechanisms governing the termination of Up states. The interplay between these two mechanisms is not well understood, and the role of GABAB‐Rs controlling the whole cycle of the SWO has not been described. Here we contribute to its understanding by combining in vitro experiments on spontaneously active cortical slices and computational techniques. GABAB‐R blockade modified the whole SWO cycle, not only elongating Up states, but also affecting the subsequent Down state duration. Furthermore, while adaptation tends to yield a rather regular behaviour, we demonstrate that GABAB‐R activation desynchronizes the SWOs. Interestingly, variability changes could be accomplished in two different ways: by either shortening or lengthening the duration of Down states. Even when the most common observation following GABAB‐Rs blocking is the lengthening of Down states, both changes are expressed experimentally and also in numerical simulations. Our simulations suggest that the sluggishness of GABAB‐Rs to follow the excitatory fluctuations of the cortical network can explain these different network dynamics modulated by GABAB‐Rs.
Effects of Defect on Roller-Raceway Contact State and Friction Torque of Tapered Roller Bearings
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Kang Wei , Zhu Yongsheng , Yan Ke , Hong Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The occurrence of defects is unavoidable during the service of tapered roller bearings (TRBs). Unfortunately, there is little information available in the literature about the mechanisms of effects of the defect on roller-raceways’ contact states and friction torque of tapered roller bearings. The present study first analyzed contact states of roller-raceways and roller-flange under the defective condition. A defected TRBs’ model was then established to obtain the contact load and corresponding contact pressure distribution between each roller and raceway, on the basis of which the friction torque of defected TRBs was evaluated. The results show that defects in the raceway edge induce a large contact pressure peak and uneven contact pressure distribution between roller and raceways. The defects presented on the outer raceway will cause a decrease in the friction torque of TRBs, and the decrement of friction torque is related to the external load and rotating speed of TRBs.
Hydrodynamic Forces on a Cylinder With a Flexible Splitter Plate Near the Free Surface
Authors: Satheesh S. , Díaz-Ojeda H. R. , González L. M. , Huera-Huarte F. J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Experiments were conducted on two splitter plates of different structural rigidities, attached to a rigid cylinder and exposed to cross-flow at different submergence depths in order to study the influence of free surface. It was found that the presence of flexible splitter plate results in drag reduction at all submergence depths when compared with a plain cylinder, with the reduction being dependent on the rigidity of the splitter plate. The lift force was also found to increase abruptly at low depths for the cases involving splitter plates. The results from the analyses of tip kinematics on flexible splitter plate indicated that it performs vertical oscillations symmetrically about its mounting position at high submergence depths but is displaced in one direction up to an order of cylinder diameter and undergoes minimal oscillations when located near the free surface.
Propeller Performance Penalty of Biofouling: Computational Fluid Dynamics Prediction
Authors: Song Soonseok , Demirel Yigit Kemal , Atlar Mehmet 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe negative effect of biofouling on ship resistance has been investigated since the early days of naval architecture. However, for more precise prediction of fuel consumption of ships, understanding the effect of biofouling on ship propulsion performance is also important. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for the full-scale performance of KP505 propeller in open water, including the presence of marine biofouling, were conducted. To predict the effect of barnacle fouling on the propeller performance, experimentally obtained roughness functions of barnacle fouling were used in the wall-function of the CFD software. The roughness effect of barnacles of varying sizes and coverages on the propeller open water performance was predicted for advance coefficients ranging from 0.2 to 0.8. From the simulations, drastic effects of barnacle fouling on the propeller open water performance were found. The result suggests that the thrust coefficient decreases while the torque coefficient increases with increasing level of surface fouling, which leads to a reduction of the open water efficiency of the propeller. Using the obtained result, the penalty of propeller fouling on the required shaft power was predicted. Finally, further investigations were made into the roughness effect on the flow characteristics around the propeller and the results were in correspondence with the findings on the propeller open water performance.
Deciphering the complex interplay between pancreatic cancer, diabetes mellitus subtypes and obesity/BMI through causal inference and mediation analyses
Authors: Molina-Montes Esther , Coscia Claudia , Gómez-Rubio Paulina , Fernández Alba , Boenink Rianne , Rava Marta , Márquez Mirari , Molero Xavier , Löhr Matthias , Sharp Linda , Michalski Christoph W , Farré Antoni , Perea José , O’Rorke Michael , Greenhalf William , Iglesias Mar , Tardón Adonina , Gress Thomas M , Barberá Victor M , Crnogorac-Jurcevic Tatjana , Muñoz-Bellvís Luis , Dominguez-Muñoz J Enrique , Renz Harald , Balcells Joaquim , Costello Eithne , Ilzarbe Lucas , Kleeff Jörg , Kong Bo , Mora Josefina , O’Driscoll Damian , Poves Ignasi , Scarpa Aldo , Yu Jingru , Hidalgo Manuel , Lawlor Rita T , Ye Weimin , Carrato Alfredo , Real Francisco X , Malats Núria 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo characterise the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subtypes (new-onset T2DM (NODM) or long-standing T2DM (LSDM)) and pancreatic cancer (PC) risk, to explore the direction of causation through Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis and to assess the mediation role of body mass index (BMI).DesignInformation about T2DM and related factors was collected from 2018 PC cases and 1540 controls from the PanGenEU (European Study into Digestive Illnesses and Genetics) study. A subset of PC cases and controls had glycated haemoglobin, C-peptide and genotype data. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to derive ORs and 95% CIs. T2DM and PC-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were used as instrumental variables (IVs) in bidirectional MR analysis to test for two-way causal associations between PC, NODM and LSDM. Indirect and direct effects of the BMI-T2DM-PC association were further explored using mediation analysis.ResultsT2DM was associated with an increased PC risk when compared with non-T2DM (OR=2.50; 95% CI: 2.05 to 3.05), the risk being greater for NODM (OR=6.39; 95% CI: 4.18 to 9.78) and insulin users (OR=3.69; 95% CI: 2.80 to 4.86). The causal association between T2DM (57-SNP IV) and PC was not statistically significant (ORLSDM=1.08, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.29, ORNODM=1.06, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.17). In contrast, there was a causal association between PC (40-SNP IV) and NODM (OR=2.85; 95% CI: 2.04 to 3.98), although genetic pleiotropy was present (MR-Egger: p value=0.03). Potential mediating effects of BMI (125-SNPs as IV), particularly in terms of weight loss, were evidenced on the NODM-PC association (indirect effect for BMI in previous years=0.55).ConclusionFindings of this study do not support a causal effect of LSDM on PC, but suggest that PC causes NODM. The interplay between obesity, PC and T2DM is complex.
Balance impairment in individuals with COPD: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Loughran Kirsti Jane , Atkinson Greg , Beauchamp Marla K , Dixon John , Martin Denis , Rahim Shaera , Harrison Samantha Louise 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPeople with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are four times more likely to fall than healthy peers, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Poor balance is a major risk factor for falls. This review aims to quantify the extent of balance impairment in COPD, and establish contributing clinical factors, which at present are sparse.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched, in July 2017 and updated searches were performed in March 2019, for studies comparing balance in COPD with healthy controls. Meta-analyses were conducted on sample mean differences (MD) and reported correlations between balance and clinical factors. Meta-regression was used to quantify the association between mean difference in percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and mean balance impairment. Narrative summaries were provided where data were insufficient for meta-analysis.ResultsTwenty-three studies were included (n=2751). Meta-analysis indicated COPD patients performed worse than healthy controls on timed up and go (MD=2.77 s, 95% CI 1.46 s to 4.089 s, p=<0.005), single leg stance (MD=−11.75 s, 95% CI −15.12 s to −8.38 s, p=<0.005) and berg balance scale (MD=−6.66, 95% CI −8.95 to −4.37, p=<0.005). The pooled correlation coefficient between balance and reduced quadriceps strength was weak-moderate (r=0.37, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.45, p=<0.005). The relationship between differences in percentage predicted FEV1and balance were negligible (r2=<0.04).ConclusionsCompared with healthy controls, people with COPD have a clinically meaningful balance reduction, which may be related to reduced muscle strength, physical activity and exercise capacity. Our findings support a need to expand the focus of pulmonary rehabilitation to include balance assessment and training, and further exploration of balance impairment in COPD.PROSPERO registration numberCRD4201769041
Structural stabilities of iron silicides at high pressures and temperatures
Authors: Niu Zhen-Wei , Tang Mei , Cai Ling-Cang 
Published: May 2020

Iron silicides provide extensive applications in functional device and earth science. Very little is known about these alloys at high pressures and temperatures. Here, combining swarm-intelligence-based structure prediction methodology and quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA), we investigate Fe-Si compounds at pressures of up to 500 GPa. Evolutionary simulations correctly find the known B20-FeSi structure and some other experimentally observed compounds at atmospheric pressure and finite temperature. It is shown that among the possible iron silicides, only B2-FeSi is thermodynamically stable at high pressures, and the increasing temperature tends to stabilize B2-FeSi compound rather than other iron silicides.
ANIMAL SPIRITS, ECONOMIC POLICIES AND BUSINESS CYCLES: THE THREE MUSKETEERS OF THE ECONOMIC WORLD
Authors: IQBAL AZHAR , SEERY SHANNON 
Published: May 2020

This study quantifies animal spirits by constructing an index using information from major sectors of the economy. The key drivers of the animal spirits are the monetary/fiscal policies and the stage of the business cycle and therefore the effect of these drivers on animal spirits is also estimated. Furthermore, the effect of changes in the animal spirits index is generated to examine which sector is affected the most by animal spirits. In other words, we test whether animal spirits produce asymmetric effects on the economy. Our work suggests a policy change (and a shock/recession) produces dual effects on the economy which are (a) direct effects and (b) indirect effects, which is brought about by animal spirits. Therefore, it is crucial for policymakers to estimate the direct and indirect effects of policy changes as well as shocks/recessions on the economy to gauge the accumulative effect, rendering them more to design effective policies.
Engineered Niches to Analyze Mechanisms of Metastasis and Guide Precision Medicine
Authors: Morris Aaron H. , Orbach Sophia M. , Bushnell Grace G. , Oakes Robert S. , Jeruss Jacqueline S. , Shea Lonnie D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cancer metastasis poses a challenging problem both clinically and scientifically, as the stochastic nature of metastatic lesion formation introduces complexity for both early detection and the study of metastasis in preclinical models. Engineered metastatic niches represent an emerging approach to address this stochasticity by creating bioengineered sites where cancer can preferentially metastasize. As the engineered niche captures the earliest metastatic cells at a nonvital location, both noninvasive and biopsy-based monitoring of these sites can be performed routinely to detect metastasis early and monitor alterations in the forming metastatic niche. The engineered metastatic niche also provides a new platform technology that serves as a tunable site to molecularly dissect metastatic disease mechanisms. Ultimately, linking the engineered niches with advances in sensor development and synthetic biology can provide enabling tools for preclinical cancer models and fosters the potential to impact the future of clinical cancer care.
Prevalence of Healthy Behaviors among Cancer Survivors in the United States: How Far Have We Come?
Authors: Arem Hannah , Mama Scherezade K. , Duan Xuejing , Rowland Julia H. , Bellizzi Keith M. , Ehlers Diane K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
The 16.9 million cancer survivors in the United States are at increased risk for comorbidities and recurrence. However, this risk may be attenuated by a healthy lifestyle. This study describes health behaviors by cancer history to inform behavior change priorities.

Methods:
We analyzed 2013–2017 data from the National Health Interview Survey. There were 164,692 adults, of whom 12,648 reported a cancer history. We calculated prevalence of smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), and sleep duration by cancer history, age, and cancer site. We conducted logistic regression to determine odds of meeting lifestyle recommendations by cancer history.

Results:
Overall, those with a cancer history were less likely to report current smoking (14.1% vs. 16.8%) and moderate/heavy drinking (18.8% vs. 21.9%) than those without a cancer history. However, a lower percentage of cancer survivors met physical activity guidelines (14.2% vs. 21.1%) or reported a healthy BMI (31.6% vs. 34.7%) compared with those without a cancer history. Cancer survivors were more likely to report excessive sleep (6.8% vs. 3.6%). In adjusted logistic regression, survivors were more likely to meet recommendations on smoking, physical activity, and BMI but were less likely to meet alcohol recommendations; meeting sleep recommendations did not differ by cancer history.

Conclusions:
While cancer survivors had lower prevalence of smoking and moderate/heavy drinking, they also had lower prevalence of physical activity and healthy BMI, and reported longer sleep duration. Regression analyses suggested survivors only showed poorer behaviors for alcohol.

Impact:
Targeted health promotion interventions among cancer survivors are needed.