bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sitting posture and bolus volume on activation of swallowing‐related muscles
Authors: Moon Il‐Young , Yi Chung‐Hwi , Park Il‐Woo , Yong Joon‐Hyoung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe pharyngeal phase is a particularly important clinical factor related to swallowing dysfunctions. Head and neck posture, as well as bolus volume, are important factors affecting the pharyngeal stages of normal swallowing.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to identify the effects of sitting posture and bolus volume on the activation of swallowing‐related muscles.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four subjects participated in the study. The subjects were positioned in three sitting postures—slump sitting (SS), lumbo‐pelvic upright sitting (LUS), and thoracic upright sitting (TUS). While sitting in the chair, the subject was instructed to swallow 10 and 20 mL of water. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the muscle activity of the supra‐hyoid (SH) and infra‐hyoid (IH) muscles. Also, sitting posture alignment (head, cervical and shoulder angle) was also performed. Data were analysed with a repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) using a generalised linear model.ResultsThere was no significant difference in terms of the head angle (P = .395). However, significant differences were found in relation to the cervical angle (P < .001) and shoulder angle (P < .001). The TUS produced the lowest SH EMG activity (P = .001), in comparison to SS and LUS. The bolus volume for 20 mL showed greater SH and IH EMG activity (P < .001) than did the bolus volume for 10 mL.ConclusionsCorrecting sitting posture from SS to TUS may better assist swallowing‐related muscles with less effort, irrespective of the bolus volume.
Successful renal transplantation in a family with a novel mutation in COL4A3 gene and autosomal recessive Alport syndrome
Authors: Girimaji Niveditha , Murugan SM Sakthivel , Nada Ritambhra , Sharma Ashish , Rathi Manish , Kohli Harbir S. , Gupta Krishna L. , Ramachandran Raja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlport syndrome (AS) is an inherited disorder of basement membranes caused by mutations affecting specific proteins of the type IV collagen family, presenting with nephropathy and extrarenal manifestations such as sensorineural deafness and ocular anomalies. Ten percentage to 15% of the patients with AS have autosomal recessive (ARAS) due to mutation in either COL4A3 or COL4A4 gene. We report a novel mutation in the COL4A3 gene in an Indian family with ARAS. The above‐mentioned genetic anomaly was a missense variation in exon 26 of the COL4A3 gene (chr2:228137797G>A; c.1891G>A) that resulted in the amino acid substitution of Arginine for Glycine at codon 631 (p.Gly631Arg) that was present in the heterozygous state in the asymptomatic parents and homozygous state in the male offspring who presented with early‐onset end‐stage renal disease, lenticonus and hearing loss. The patient (male offspring) underwent successful renal transplantation with his mother as a donor.
Chemical evidence of preserved collagen in 54‐million‐year‐old fish vertebrae
Authors: Dutta Suryendu , Kumar Sumit , Singh Hukam , Khan Mahasin A. , Barai Amlan , Tewari Anuradha , Rana Rajendra S. , Bera Subir , Sen Shamik , Sahni Ashok 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCollagens are the most abundant proteins in the animal kingdom. They form the structural framework of connective tissues such as bones, tendons and skin, and play important biomechanical role in supporting tissue functions. The preservation of collagen in deep time is a topic of intense debate. Here we provide indisputable evidence for the presence of collagen in early Eocene fish vertebrae using online pyrolysis comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (py‐GC×GC‐TOFMS) and immunofluorescence analysis. The presence of cyclic dipeptides such as diketodipyrrole, 2,5‐diketopiperazine of proline‐proline and 2,5‐diketopiperazine of proline‐glycine along with other nitrogen‐bearing molecules in the pyrolysis products of the studied fossils unequivocally demonstrate that collagen can withstand degradation and diagenetic alteration. Immunofluorescence study also confirms the presence of collagen‐I in the fossilized fish vertebrae. Contrary to common opinion, the present findings suggest that the preservation of collagen in fossilized soft tissues is not rare. We propose that one of the essential factors controlling preservation of collagen is the establishment of a suitable microenvironment within the fossil, inhibiting diagenetic alteration including microbial decay.
Horse Matters: Re‐examining Sustainability through Human‐Domestic Animal Relationships
Authors: Wadham Helen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSociology increasingly recognises that ‘the social’ extends beyond ‘the human’. The ongoing theoretical integration of animals has extended our understanding of notions like alienation, violence and technology. This article considers in turn the highly contested concept of sustainability. Focusing on our entangled relationships with domestic animals, particularly horses, extends our critical understanding of sustainability in three ways. First, by recognising horses as social actors, we can challenge the anthropocentrism of sustainability and integrate animals into our analysis of how social systems create and /or resist sustainability claims. Second, in adding species to traditional categories of race, class and gender, we can extend critiques of sustainability by considering how it intersects with relations of power. Third, by exploring how alternative visions of the future emerge from within everyday as well as epic settings and encounters, the article broadens our understanding of what should be sustained and for whom.
Class Attitudes, Political Knowledge, and Support for Redistribution in an Era of Inequality
Authors: Macdonald David 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveWhy, despite positive feelings toward the poor and working classes, relative to the rich and big business, has American public support for redistribution failed to appreciably increase during an era of high, and rising, income inequality?MethodsI argue that this puzzling disconnect is due, in part, to a lack of general political knowledge. Using survey data from the 2012 American National Election Study, I test how political knowledge conditions the relationship between people's economic class group attitudes and their support for redistribution.ResultsPeople with low (high) levels of political knowledge weakly (strongly) connect their class attitudes with support for redistributive spending and progressive taxation. Data from four ANES panel studies show that this does not result from the less knowledgeable holding weak “nonattitudes” toward these class groups. Rather, consistent with Converse's classic work, I attribute this to less knowledgeable individuals lacking awareness about how redistributive policies benefit different social groups.ConclusionThese findings help us to better understand an important puzzle in American politics: why a mass public that purports to favor the poor and working classes over the economic elite has not turned more strongly in favor of redistribution during an era of historic inequality.
Performance of an Isobaric Hybrid Compressed Air Energy Storage System at Minimum Entropy Generation
Authors: Houssainy Sammy , Janbozorgi Mohammad , Kavehpour Pirouz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Efficient, large-scale, and cost-effective energy storage systems provide a means of managing the inherent intermittency of renewable energy sources and drastically increasing their utilization. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) and its derivative architectures have received much attention as a viable solution; however, optimization objectives for these systems have not been thoroughly investigated in the literature. A hybrid thermal and compressed air energy storage (HT-CAES) system is investigated that mitigates the shortcomings of the otherwise attractive conventional CAES systems and its derivatives—shortcomings such as strict geological locations, low energy densities, and the production of greenhouse gas emissions. The HT-CAES system allows a portion of the available energy to operate a compressor and the remainder to be converted and stored in the form of heat through joule/resistive heating in a high-temperature, sensible, thermal energy storage medium. Internally reversible and irreversible HT-CAES system assumptions were investigated, in addition to regenerative and non-regenerative design configurations. Several system optimization criteria were examined—including maximum energy efficiency, maximum exergy efficiency, maximum work output, and minimum entropy generation—with a focus on whether the latter may lead to conclusive design guidelines in a real system. It is shown that an HT-CAES system designed based on a minimum entropy generation objective may operate at a lower energy and exergy efficiency as well as lower output power than otherwise achievable. Furthermore, optimization objective equivalence is shown to be limited to certain design conditions.
Acoustic Emission Characterization of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composite Machining Using a Random Forest Machine Learning Model
Authors: Wang Zimo , Chegdani Faissal , Yalamarti Neehar , Takabi Behrouz , Tai Bruce , El Mansori Mohamed , Bukkapatnam Satish 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFRP) composites are eliciting an increased interest across industrial sectors, as they combine a high degree of biodegradability and recyclability with unique structural properties. These materials are machined to create components that meet the dimensional and surface finish tolerance specifications for various industrial applications. The heterogeneous structure of these materials—resulting from different fiber orientations and their complex multiscale structure—introduces a distinct set of material removal mechanisms that inherently vary over time. This structure has an adverse effect on the surface integrity of machined NFRPs. Therefore, a real-time monitoring approach is desirable for timely intervention for quality assurance. Acoustic emission (AE) sensors that capture the elastic waves generated from the plastic deformation and fracture mechanisms have potential to characterize these abrupt variations in the material removal mechanisms. However, the relationship connecting AE waveform patterns with these NFRP material removal mechanisms is not currently understood. This paper reports an experimental investigation into how the time–frequency patterns of AE signals connote the various cutting mechanisms under different cutting speeds and fiber orientations. Extensive orthogonal cutting experiments on unidirectional flax fiber NFRP samples with various fiber orientations were conducted. The experimental setup was instrumented with a multisensor data acquisition system for synchronous collection of AE and vibration signals during NFRP cutting. A random forest machine learning approach was employed to quantitatively relate the AE energy over specific frequency bands to machining conditions and hence the process microdynamics, specifically, the phenomena of fiber fracture and debonding that are peculiar to NFRP machining. Results from this experimental study suggest that the AE energy over these frequency bands can correctly predict the cutting conditions to ∼95% accuracies, as well as the underlying material removal regimes.
Optimization of a Cyclone Using Multiphase Flow Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Weber Justin , Fullmer William , Gel Aytekin , Musser Jordan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory's (NETL) 50 kWth chemical looping reactor (CLR) has an underperforming cyclone, which was designed using empirical correlations. To improve the performance of this cyclone using computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based modeling simulations, four critical design parameters including the vortex tube radius and length, barrel radius, and the inlet width and height were optimized. NETL's open source multiphase flow with interphase exchange (MFiX) CFD code has been used to model a series of cyclones by systematically varying the geometric design parameters. To perform the optimization process, the surrogate modeling and sensitivity analysis followed by the optimization capability in nodeworks was used. The basic methodology for the process is to employ a statistical design of experiments (DOE) method to generate sampling simulations that fill the design space. Corresponding CFD models are then created, executed, and postprocessed. A response surface is created to characterize the relationship between input parameters and the quantities of interest (QoI). Finally, the CFD-surrogate is used by an optimization method to find the optimal design condition based on the objective and constraints prescribed. The resulting optimal cyclone has a larger diameter and longer vortex tube, a larger diameter barrel, and a taller and narrower solids inlet. The improved design has a predicted pressure drop 11 times lower than the original design while reducing the mass loss by a factor of 2.3.
Improving Oil Recovery Through Fracture Injection and Production of Multiple Fractured Horizontal Wells
Authors: He Youwei , Cheng Shiqing , Sun Zhe , Chai Zhi , Rui Zhenhua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Well production rates decline quickly in the tight reservoirs, and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is needed to increase productivity. Conventional flooding from adjacent wells is inefficient in the tight formations, and Huff-n-Puff also fails to achieve the expected productivity. This paper investigates the feasibility of the inter-fracture injection and production (IFIP) method to increase oil production rates of horizontal wells. Three multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) are included in a cluster well. The fractures with even and odd indexes are assigned to be injection fractures (IFs) and recovery fractures (RFs). The injection/production schedule includes synchronous inter-fracture injection and production (s-IFIP) and asynchronous inter-fracture injection and production (a-IFIP). The production performances of three MFHWs are compared by using four different recovery approaches based on numerical simulation. Although the number of RFs is reduced by about 50% for s-IFIP and a-IFIP, they achieve much higher oil rates than depletion and CO2 Huff-n-Puff. The sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the impact of parameters on IFIP. The spacing between IFs and RFs, CO2 injection rates, and connectivity of fracture networks affect oil production significantly, followed by the length of RFs, well spacing among MFHWs, and the length of IFs. The suggested well completion scheme for the IFIP methods is presented. This work discusses the ability of the IFIP method in enhancing the oil production of MFHWs.
Can the quantum vacuum fluctuations really solve the cosmological constant problem?
Authors: Bengochea Gabriel R. , León Gabriel , Okon Elias , Sudarsky Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently it has been argued that a correct reading of the quantum fluctuations of the vacuum could lead to a solution to the cosmological constant problem. In this work we critically examine such a proposal, finding it questionable due to conceptual and self-consistency problems, as well as issues with the actual calculations. We conclude that the proposal is inadequate as a solution to the cosmological constant problem.
Sigma-assisted low scale composite Goldstone–Higgs
Authors: Buarque Franzosi Diogo , Cacciapaglia Giacomo , Deandrea Aldo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe show that the presence of a lightish scalar resonance, $$\sigma $$σ, that mixes with the composite Goldstone–Higgs boson can relax the typical bounds found in this class of models. This mechanism, inbred in models with a walking dynamics above the condensation scale, allows for a low compositeness scale $$f \gtrsim 400$$f≳400 GeV, corresponding to a misalignment angle $$s_\theta \lesssim 0.6$$sθ≲0.6, contrary to the common lore of a smaller angle. According to recent lattice results, the light $$\sigma $$σ emerges thanks to a near-conformal phase above the condensation scale, consistent to the requirements from flavour physics. We study this effect in a general way, showing that it appears in all cosets emerging from an underlying gauge-fermion dynamics, in the presence of top partial compositeness. The scenario is testable both on the Lattice and experimentally, as it requires the presence of a second broad Higgs-like resonance, below 1 TeV, that can be revealed at the LHC in the ZZ and $$t\bar{t}$$tt¯ channels.
Realistic stellar anisotropic model satisfying Karmarker condition in f(R, T) gravity
Authors: Mustafa G. , Zubair M. , Waheed Saira , Tiecheng Xia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study explores the $$f(\mathcal {R},\mathcal {T})$$f(R,T) modified gravity on the basis of observational data for three different compact stars with matter profile as anisotropic fluid without electric charge. In this respect, we adopt the well-known Karmarker condition and assume a specific and interesting model for $$\mathrm {g}_{rr}$$grr metric potential component which is compatible with this condition. This choice further leads to a viable form of metric component $$\mathrm {g}_{tt}$$gtt by utilizing the Karmarkar condition. We also present the interior geometry in the reference of Schwarzschild interior and Kohler–Chao cosmological like solutions for $$f(\mathcal {R},\mathcal {T})$$f(R,T) theory. Moreover, we calculate the spacetime constants by using the masses and radii from the observational data of three different compact stars namely 4U 1538-52, LMC X-4 and PSR J1614-2230. In order to explore the viability and stability of the obtained solutions, some physical parameters and properties are presented graphically for all three different compact object models. It is noticed that the parameters c and $$\lambda $$λ have some important and considerable role for these solutions. It is concluded that our obtained solutions are physically acceptable, bearing a well-behave nature in $$f(\mathcal {R},\mathcal {T})$$f(R,T) modified gravity.
Critical behavior of AdS Gauss–Bonnet massive black holes in the presence of external string cloud
Authors: Ranjbari Hadi , Sadeghi Mehdi , Ghanaatian M. , Forozani Gh. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFollowing previous study about AdS-Schwarzschild black holes minimally coupled to a cloud of strings in the context of massive gravity (Ghanaatian et al. in Effects of the external string cloud on the Van der Waals like behavior and efficiency of AdS-Schwarzschild black hole in massive gravity, arXiv:1906.00369 [hep-th]) and inspired by strong connection between Gauss–Bonnet Gravity and heterotic string theory, in this paper, we first take into account the Gauss–Bonnet term and we study thermodynamics and critical behavior of these black holes in the extended phase space. The effects of Gauss–Bonnet, massive, and string cloud parameters on the criticality of these black holes has been investigated. It can be seen that the Gauss–Bonnet and massive parameters have opposite effects on the criticality and phase transition of the solutions. We also observe that the increase in the value of the string cloud parameter above a critical value, eliminates the van der Waals like behavior of these solutions. Also, the Joule–Thomson effect is not observed. Then we examine thermal stability of these black holes in canonical ensemble by calculating the heat capacity. In addition, we explore critical behavior in extended phase space by employing heat capacity and consequently, we observe that the results are in agreement with the previous results from the usual method in Sect. 3.
On the supersymmetric extension of asymptotic symmetries in three spacetime dimensions
Authors: Caroca Ricardo , Concha Patrick , Fierro Octavio , Rodríguez Evelyn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work we obtain known and new supersymmetric extensions of diverse asymptotic symmetries defined in three spacetime dimensions by considering the semigroup expansion method. The super-$$BMS_3$$BMS3, the superconformal algebra and new infinite-dimensional superalgebras are obtained by expanding the super-Virasoro algebra. The new superalgebras obtained are supersymmetric extensions of the asymptotic algebras of the Maxwell and the $$\mathfrak {so}(2,2)\oplus \mathfrak {so}(2,1)$$so(2,2)⊕so(2,1) gravity theories. We extend our results to the $$\mathcal {N}=2$$N=2 and $$\mathcal {N}=4$$N=4 cases and find that R-symmetry generators are required. We also show that the new infinite-dimensional structures are related through a flat limit $$\ell \rightarrow \infty $$ℓ→∞.
On the Lambda-evolution of galaxy clusters
Authors: Gurzadyan V. G. , Kocharyan A. A. , Stepanian A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe evolution of galaxy clusters can be affected by the repulsion described by the cosmological constant. This conclusion is reached within the modified weak-field General Relativity approach where the cosmological constant $$\varLambda $$Λ enables to describe the common nature of the dark matter and the dark energy. Geometrical methods of theory of dynamical systems and the Ricci curvature criterion are used to reveal the difference in the instability properties of galaxy clusters which determine their evolutionary paths. Namely, it is shown that the clusters determined by gravity with $$\varLambda $$Λ-repulsion tend to become even more unstable than those powered only by Newtonian gravity, the effect to be felt at cosmological time scales.
Mobile Sensing of Alertness, Sleep and Circadian Rhythm
Authors: Sano Akane , Rahman Tauhidur , Zhang Mi , Ganesan Deepak , Choudhury Tanzeem 
Published: January 2020

Human biology is deeply rooted in the daily 24-hour temporal period. Our biochemistry varies significantly and idiosyncratically over the course of a day. Staying out of sync with one's circadian rhythm can lead to many complications over time, including a higher likelihood for cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, and mental health problems [1]. Constant changes in daily rhythm due to shift work has been shown to increase risk factors for cancer, obesity, and Type 2 diabetes. Moreover, the advent of technology and the resultant always-on ethos can cause rhythm disruption on personal and societal levels for about 70% of the population [2].
Circadian disruption can also cause a serious deficit in cognitive performance. In particular, alertness - a key biological process underlying our cognitive performance - reflects circadian rhythms [3]. Sleep deprivation and circadian disruption can result in poor alertness and reaction time [3]. The decline in cognitive performance after 20 to 25 hours of wakefulness is equivalent to a Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of 0.10% [4]. To compare, in New York State, a BAC of more than 0.05% is considered "impaired" and 0.08% is considered "intoxicated" [5]. In other words, the effects of sustained sleep deprivation and circadian disruption on cognitive performance is similar (or worse) to being intoxicated.
Flight cost calculation for unmanned air vehicle based on path length and heading angle change
Authors: Debnath Sanjoy Kumar , Omar Rosli , Ibrahim B.S.S.K. , Bagchi Susama , Nadira Elia , Amin Faisal , Muhammad Bashir Bala 
Published: January 2020

<span>This paper proposes a method to calculate a flight cost of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) considering its change of heading angle though there are many reasons that cause the energy consumption. The proposed approach demonstrates that when a UAV moves from a starting position/point to a target/goal position/point, if the number of obstacle increases, the number of heading change would also increase. As a result, it raises the energy consumption of the UAV. It also shows that the magnitude of heading change would affect the energy consumption proportionally. The theoretical analysis as well as the simulation outcome proves the usefulness of the proposed technique. </span>