bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic risk and specification of field and voltage limits for insulating web materials
Authors: Robinson Kelly , Smallwood Jeremy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Evaluation of electrostatic risk in production insulating web systems rely on electrostatic field or voltage measurements. Field meter measurement at the centre of a web span gives a direct evaluation of electrostatic risk from net web surface charge density. Surface voltage measured on the web against a grounded conductor can reveal the distribution of charges on each web film surface independently. Considerations for measurement instruments are given.
Characterization of ESD shielding materials with novel test methods
Authors: Viheriäkoski T , Wong R , Fung R , Tamminen P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) shielding effectiveness of materials used to protect ESD sensitive devices was evaluated with a coaxial electrode and ESD generator. Attenuation of a continuous low power signal and a high power transient was measured. Electromagnetic far field shielding does not necessarily address ESD protection performance. High impedance on a discharge path reduces energy coupling efficiently. Therefore the prevention of conductive and capacitive coupling is the key factor for designing protective packaging for transportation of ESD sensitive devices. Due to the effect of breakdown field strength, low power signals shall not be used alone to assess ESD shielding characteristics. A coaxial electrode and an ESD generator was found a useful combination for the evaluation of ESD shielding effectiveness. As a final outcome, adequate ESD protection can be achieved even without the far field shielding, depending on application.
Influence of ESP collector configuration on reduction of particulate emissions from biomass combustion facility
Authors: Bologa A , Rheinheimer H P , Paur H P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Development of compact electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) for reduction of particulate emissions from small scale biomass combustion is an actual task. Particle mass collection efficiency of an ESP depends from combustion conditions, geometry of precipitator ionizer, collector stage configuration and ESP operation parameters. The investigation of the influence of collector stage configuration on particle mass collection efficiency of a pilot space charge ESP was in the focus of the study. It was shown that the use of tube collector with integrated grounded plates enhanced particle mass collection efficiency. The loading of plates with aerosol provoked particle re-entrainment and decreased long-term ESP mass collection efficiency. The use of grounded brush electrodes ensured effective reduction of particle emissions but resulted in increase of pressure drop in the precipitator. The optimization of cleaning intervals of the ionizer and collector stages increased particle mass collection efficiency. It was shown, that the integration of automatic systems for ionizer and collector cleaning into the space charge ESP enhanced precipitator long-term operation stability and ensured effective reduction of particulate emissions form small scale biomass combustion.
Electrostatic charging of water spray by induction
Authors: Marchewicz A , Sobczyk A T , Krupa A , Jaworek A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Results of experimental investigation of electric charging of water spray produced by several commercially available single-fluid pressure swirl atomizers, with cylinder induction electrode are presented in this paper. The process of induction charging of water spray is analysed in terms of specific charge and droplet size distribution, for water flow rate, water pressure, induction electrode voltage and inter-electrode distance as process variables. It was found that the specific charge of water droplets increases with increasing voltage applied to the induction electrode, but only to a certain voltage magnitude. The decrease in the specific charge for higher voltages is caused by corona discharge from the induction electrode and the shielding effect of space charge due to electric field produced by the charged droplets. The optimal inter-electrode distance maximizing the specific charge was determined for each of the tested nozzles.
Influence of Electrode Spacing on a Symmetrical Washer-Type Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pump
Authors: Daaboul Michel , Traoré Philippe , Modh Sachin , Louste Christophe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumping is an attractive method that can be applied to drive a fluid in mass transport and heat transfer enhancement applications, and more particularly for microfluidic applications. EHD pumps are very interesting because they do not require moving parts. The electric energy is directly converted into kinetic energy via the Coulomb force. Three modes can generate this fluid motion: conduction, induction, and injection. This paper presents the experimental results of a parametric investigation on EHD conduction pumps with washer-type electrode geometry. Only symmetrical electrode configuration is investigated in order to highlight the influence of the positive/negative charge mobility ratio. The working fluid is a dielectric liquid (HFE-7100). The pumping mechanism is examined with several washer-type electrode geometries and different types of spacers. For each configuration, pressure and current time variations are recorded and compared.
Linear complex permittivity of isotropic polar fluids
Authors: Déjardin Pierre-Michel , Cornaton Yann 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An analytical formula for the linear complex permittivity of polar fluids is obtained from the averaged Dean-Kawasaki equation as a function of temperature, density and molecular dipole moment. The static results compare reasonably well with experimental data of some simple polar fluids in their liquid phase, while when the Kirkwood correlation factor is larger than unity, a thermally activated relaxation process appears in the dynamic response.
Economic drivers of wind and solar penetration in the US
Authors: Bistline John E T , Young David T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Much has been made of the potential for wind and solar generation to supply cheap, low-emissions electricity, but considerable disagreement exists as to which combinations of many potential drivers will enable deep penetration of these technologies. Most existing analyses consider limited factors in isolation, such as investment costs or energy storage, and do not provide rigorous support for understanding which combinations of factors could underpin a leading role for wind and solar. This study addresses this gap by undertaking a systematic sensitivity analysis using a state-of-the-art energy-economic model to comprehensively evaluate the relative magnitudes of five key drivers that may influence future wind and solar deployment in the United States. We find future wind and solar capital costs and carbon policy are the dominant factors, causing the average wind and solar share to vary by 38 and 31 percentage points, respectively. Transmission and storage availability have much smaller effects, causing the average share to vary by no more than 15 and 5 percentage points, respectively. No single factor unilaterally determines wind and solar deployment. The variable renewable share of electricity generation never reaches 100% nationally in any scenario even with low-cost storage, as decreasing marginal returns at higher deployments eventually outpace cost reductions. Average wind and solar shares and ranges of possible outcomes are higher in this study relative to recent multi-model comparison studies due to lower renewable costs and the potential for more stringent policies. Understanding drivers and barriers to renewable deployment has important ramifications for technology developers, infrastructure, market design, and policymakers, and this research provides insights as to which combinations of drivers lead to the greatest share of economic wind and solar deployment and why.
Agricultural Exports and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Econometric Analysis
Authors: Osabohien R , Akinpelumi D , Matthew O , Okafor V , Iku E , Olawande T , Okorie U 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It has been observed that export promotion drive boosts economic growth of developing countries (Nigeria inclusive) through the multiplier effects that the income earned from exports has on the economy. Prior to the discovery of oil, agriculture has been the main contributor to the Nigerian external sector. It is in the light of this that this study sets out to examine the impact of agricultural export on Nigeria’s economic growth. This study used the Autoregressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) econometric technique to analyze the long run relationship and the impact of agricultural exports on Nigeria’s economic growth. Economic growth is the dependent variable, and is proxied by the real gross domestic product, the explanatory variables include: agricultural export, foreign direct investment, inflation rate and the labour force. The results from the ARDL technique revealed that agricultural exports significantly affect Nigeria’s economic growth; this suggests that, a 1percent increase in - agricultural export will boost economic growth in Nigeria by approximately 25percent.Therefore, from the results, the study recommended that agricultural export need to be promoted through the increase in agricultural production base.
Investigating the endothermic nature of the reactions of hybrid hydroxideperoxide with lignin in corn stover and napier grass for simple sugar production
Authors: Sanni S E , Omoleye J A , Emetere ME , Okoro E E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Napier grass and Corn Stover samples were collected as waste materials for sugar production. The samples were pretreated and hydrolyzed using hydrogen peroxide and Trichoderma ressei cellulase respectively. Chemical kinetics of the delignification process shows that the reduction reactions of lignin during pretreatment are dependent on the nature of raw material, temperature, concentration of the hydrogen peroxide and their activation energies. The calculated activation energies show that the reactions of lignin in both biomasses are though endothermic, but less energy intensive and more economically viable for Napier grass when compared to corn Stover. Based on the results, in order to obtain higher sugar yield from Napier grass and corn stover under the investigated conditions, both samples should be processed at 105 °C for 96 hours using 0.3 M and 0.1M hydrogen peroxide concentrations respectively.
Assessment of Energy Wastage and Saving Potentials for Higher Educational Institutional Buildings in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Obaju B N , Adeleke J S , Yusuf T O , Buari T A , Tokede C A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study assessed the energy wastage areas in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) Buildings in South Western Nigeria; factors influencing the energy wastage and energy saving opportunities available in the study area with a view to promote energy conservation and cost savings. The study adopts the use of stratified simple random sampling techniques and the administration of two hundred (200) open ended questionnaire on the respondents who are mainly students, teaching and non-teaching staff in the physical planning, works and maintenance service department. Data obtained from respondents was analyzed using descriptive statistics and mean score index (MSI). Findings revealed that energy wastage are common with lighting consumption (MSI 4.59), poor controls and regulators for both lighting and other appliances in HEIs (MSI 4.57). Lighting related operations also exert significant impacts on energy wastages as six out of the thirteen major energy wastage areas are connected to it. The major factor influencing energy wastage are due to poorly designed HEIs buildings (MSI 4.62) and all other factors aside this need to be adequately considered in future designs for effective energy management. Findings further revealed that HEIs buildings require sound energy policy, improvement on passive building designs principles are critical to the reduction of energy wastage and hence should be adhered to since it has potential to saves cost. The study recommends the usage of metering system to determine energy consumed in each facilities/building, using scheduling devices with intelligent building designs for power supply and controls during peak and off peak period, implementing standard Energy Policies and creating awareness for students and staffs on energy usage and cost savings benefits and provisions.
Hybridization energy systems for a rural area in Nigeria
Authors: Olasunkanmi O G , Roleola O A , Alao P O , Oyedeji O , Onaifo F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mankind cannot live without one form of energy or another. Energy (Electrical) is needed to lighten our environment, power our homes, schools, hospitals, offices, businesses, and for industrialization. It is generally known that the economic growth of a nation depends on electricity. This paper is assessing the possibility of hybridizing the various renewable energy sources in Nigeria and evaluating its sustainability, challenges and benefits of hybridizing the combinations of the renewable energy sources (PVs and wind turbine) that are abundantly available in Nigeria. The evaluation of these combinations is to determine the best for the region (rural setting). We are also looking at efforts being put at utilizing these renewable sources for energy generation in Nigeria. The hybrid energy system of a mix of locally available abundant energy resources is a good solution to the persistent epileptic power supply in Nigeria. This will minimize atmospheric degradation as quality of life will be improved.
Air quality investigation over Moundou Chad
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Oladimeji T.E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The air quality over Moundou-Chad was examined using satellite dataset. Fifteen years aerosol optical depth (AOD) was obtained from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR). The AOD dataset is statisticaly stable for further prediction. The highest AOD mean was observed in 2008. The standard deviation, average deviation and coefficient of variation all agrees that the AOD dataset is reliable. It is shown that the aerosol loading over Moundou is high and the size of the aerosol is very tiny to deposit in the human lungs.
Analysis of aerosol optical depth and aerosol loading Over Voinjama: A projected estimation of atmospheric corrosion
Authors: Emetere M.E. , Sanni S.E. , Okoro S.E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) warning on air pollution is a verified in this research by corroborating it with fifteen years primary (aerosol optical depth) dataset that was obtained from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) over Voinjama-Liberia. The detailed statistical and computational analysis was carried out using computational softwares. The spatial amd surface plot the pollution over the geographical location may constantly be dispersed from same sources of pollution. The implication of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) on the atmospheric corrosion was corroborated using mathematical estimations. The highest corrosion rate is given as 2.6 and the average corrosion rate over Voinjama is 0.5.
Household waste burning techniques and correlated respiratory indicators in Northern Nigeria: Case study of Gwagwalada Area Council, Abuja Nigeria
Authors: Igibah Ehizemhen. C , Agashua Lucia. O , Sadiq Abubakar. A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The household waste burning practice and impacts of the waste burning emission on respiratory health of the populace in the Gwagwalada Local Council Area happens frequently, though not well recorded. The goal of this study was to quantify the waste burning occurrence as well as scrutinize the correlation between waste burning practice and respiratory problem in Northern Nigeria with Gwagwalada as case study because is an example of rural settlement growing to urbanites. Questionnaire was utilized to accumulate information from houses in Gwagwalada Area Council Community, Abuja. Total of 150 participants were enrolled and their retorts on household waste burning besides respiratory symptoms were investigated. The participants indicated that their neighbors burn waste frequently, with 67 (44.7%) of them from Gwagwalada Local government (rural zone). The local waste experts collected refuse from 97.0% of these participants at least once per week in the enlightened zone and central but rural is once monthly or not at all. The prevalent lower respiratory sign connected with waste burning was dehydrated cough (31.4%). For Lower and Upper health signs, the participants who participated in the practice of waste burning had a faintly higher commonness of breath shortness (56%) and Water itchy eyes (49%) respectively. For each of lower and upper health signs, the trend is such that 6 month above is greater than immediately, which is greater than those of a month after. These results imply that waste or bush burning effect on health is on the long – term basis.
Influence of wastes management and viable improvement in Nigeria: case study of Kubwa, Abuja in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Igibah Ehizemhen. C , Agashua Lucia. O , Sadiq Abubakar. A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper investigate waste management and viable improvement in Nigeria with specific reference to Kubwa, F.C.T, Abuja. The region was divided into three districts namely: District A (south-north), District B (west - east) and District C (central zone). Survey research stratagem was implemented with questionnaire as main tools applied for data gathering which were dispensed to twenty households carefully picked randomly making total of 60families that were studied. Illiteracy and income level was discovered has main cause of waste management difficult, equally city waste characterization for the Kubwa – Abuja reveals paper, food leftovers and water sachets as the highest waste created, while delivery bag and flexible bag are consistently utilized to dispose waste since bags are stress-free in disposing and low-priced. The waste storage frequency is between 12 – 24 hours whereas waste throwing frequency follows regularly once and biweekly gatherings. Some respondents have open dumps within their locality where waste is stock before thrown away. Nevertheless, there is great recycling event for metal and bottles since they are recycle at home and 15 % sell. Mutual solid waste management practice in Kubwa - Abuja are storage and highway or canal waste discarding whereas recycling and waste reduction which are waste minimization implements in the trio pyramid system which is the strength of most waste administration systems is weakly practiced.
An Assessment of Energy Performance Index of the Nigerian Universities’ Senate Building
Authors: Abdulhamid Yahuza , Suleiman Sani Aisha , Gafar Mudashir , Usman A.M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Apparently, Nigeria is struggling with the developmental issues of the incessant power outage and lack of energy services. The primary sources of energy for office building are from national grid and gasoline generators. However, the former is not reliable and the latter is unsustainable; hence, the need to explore energy efficiency strategies to cut down the energy demand for cooling office building in Nigeria is unavoidable. The article aimed to assess the energy efficiency or performance index of the Nigerian Universities’ senate buildings in the north-eastern region (dry sub-humid climate). The research employed a case study approach, construction of baseline model with the Revit architecture software and applied DesignBuilder building analysis software to evaluate the energy performance of the senate building as built. The research findings showed that energy efficiency indexes for both universities’ senate buildings (57% and 63%) which were relatively below the recommended standard checklist. Also, the simulation results further showed that both case studies require 141.4wh/m2 and 127.3wh/m2 heating/cooling per annum compared to the stipulated LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) standard of 15wh/m2. Therefore, research implication is that it is essential for the architects and engineers to incorporate more proactive energy efficiency strategies in the design of office buildings in Nigeria
Effect of digitalization on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria
Authors: Agboola Mayowa G , Awobajo Kiitan A , Oluwatobi Stephen O , Akinbode Mosunmola O , Fagbohun Michael O , Esse Ugwunwa C , Segun-Adeniran Chidi D , Asaolu Aderonke O , Betek Chelsea M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study investigates how digitalization enhances the performance of commercial banks adopting the purposive method and simple random sampling selecting 370 non-managerial employees from a commercial bank. A self-structured questionnaire was used as the major instrument for data collection and was analysed using SPSS version 25. From the result, it was discovered that there was a mild significant and positive relationship between the digitalization process and commercial bank performance (r = 0.114*; p<.05). Also, there is a positive significant relationship between product innovation and performance of commercial banks in Nigeria (r = 0.186; p< 0.001). The study recommends that digitalization processes if adequately and correctly implemented, will have a significant positive relationship on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria ceteris paribus.
Noise Pollution and Waste Control Techniques in Building Construction in Nigeria: A Literature Review
Authors: Sholanke A , Aina-Badejo T , Aina-Babajide A , Nara Jacob A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The activities of the construction industry are often plagued with improper material control and operational measures that result in the production of noise and generation of waste in project sites. Waste and noise are generated in every step of the construction process, from the production of materials used, to the erection and finishing of structures. In this age of incorporating sustainability into the development of buildings and their environments, there is a need for the construction industry to substantially reduce the amount of noise and waste produced. This paper investigated various noise pollution and waste control techniques used in the construction industry in Nigeria, with a view to identify areas for further improvement. The paper is a systematic literature review which made use of document analysis to collect data and content analysis to analyse the data gathered. Descriptive approach was used to present the result. The paper examined the current state of waste and noise management and the recommendations provided. The study found that in Nigeria, the noise control technique employed is the use of noise barriers, while the waste control management strategies used are prefabricated elements, sorting waste generated, open dumping, open burning and composting disposal method. Some of the recommendations made include: discarding open dumping and open burning as waste control measures due to their negative environmental impact, developing and enforcing a legal framework for noise and construction waste. Furthermore, educating site workers on noise and waste control techniques and replacing machines that use combustion engines with those that use electrical motors. Students, educators, building industry practitioners and other construction industry stakeholders will find the study a useful material to work with, as well as build upon.