bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flower Inspiration: Broad‐Angle Structural Color through Tunable Hierarchical Wrinkles in Thin Film Multilayers
Authors: Chen Chao , Airoldi Chiara A. , Lugo Carlos A. , Bay R. Konane , Glover Beverley J. , Crosby Alfred J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe petals of some flowers form hierarchical structures when nano‐scale cuticular ridges overlay bulged epidermal cells. These hierarchical structures can broaden the observable angles of iridescence. The resulting optical effect enhances the foraging efficiency of pollinators. Although efforts have been devoted to mimicking this unique broad‐angle structural color, the intrinsic tunability offered by natural systems to control such a broadened spectrum is still absent in synthetic models. A hierarchical system is developed that provides hierarchical wrinkle‐based structures that tune the observable angles for structural color. Laser diffraction measurements demonstrate that the observable angle of reflectance is broadened in proportion to the square root of the applied compressive strain. The morphology controls the diffraction pattern: the small wrinkles control the diffraction angles and the large wrinkles broaden the observable range. The development of a multi‐mode wrinkling system to produce this broad‐angle structural color only occurs within a limited range of conditions, which are experimentally discovered and theoretically modeled. Without diffractive small wrinkles, single wrinkling modes do not display structural colors. The control of wrinkling modes mimics the tunability of petals, which gives new insight into the natural system and provides a robust foundation for tunable structural color control.
Heat‐Shrinkable Electrospun Fibrous Tape for Restoring Structure and Function of Loose Soft Tissue
Authors: Saiding Qimanguli , Jin Jing , Qin Menglu , Cai Zhengwei , Lu Min , Wang Fei , Cui Wenguo , Chen Xinliang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNon‐invasive recovery of loose soft tissue caused by trauma, organ expansion, or compression has not been solved properly. Herein, a new approach of heat‐shrinkable electrospun fibrous tape (HS‐EFT) is constructed via electrospinning in which the contraction of the poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) HS‐EFT causes the relaxed fascia to pull back at body temperature while the mechanical force of retraction is transformed into an external signal that regulates the behavior of fibroblasts. As it contracts more than 40% within five days, the fast proliferation of fibroblasts on the contracted fibrous membrane is observed followed by the formation of more stress fibers, consequently promoting the nuclear transfer of mechanical stimulation‐sensitive co‐transcriptional molecule, yes‐associated protein (YAP), and eventually making new extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, as well as tissue strengthen. Moreover, in the process of fascia defect repairing in rabbits, the loose tissue is gathered by fibrous tape which ends in a reduced wound area as well as tissue repairing. Therefore, the HS‐EFT provides great inspiration for the reconstruction of relaxed soft tissue both structurally and functionally in a non‐invasive way.
Inter‐Flake Quantum Transport of Electrons and Holes in Inkjet‐Printed Graphene Devices
Authors: Wang Feiran , Gosling Jonathan H. , Trindade Gustavo F. , Rance Graham A. , Makarovsky Oleg , Cottam Nathan D. , Kudrynskyi Zakhar , Balanov Alexander G. , Greenaway Mark T. , Wildman Ricky D. , Hague Richard , Tuck Christopher , Fromhold T. Mark , Turyanska Lyudmila 
Published: October 2020

Abstract2D materials have unique structural and electronic properties with potential for transformative device applications. However, such devices are usually bespoke structures made by sequential deposition of exfoliated 2D layers. There is a need for scalable manufacturing techniques capable of producing high‐quality large‐area devices comprising multiple 2D materials. Additive manufacturing with inks containing 2D material flakes is a promising solution. Inkjet‐printed devices incorporating 2D materials have been demonstrated, however there is a need for greater understanding of quantum transport phenomena as well as their structural properties. Experimental and theoretical studies of inkjet‐printed graphene structures are presented. Detailed electrical and structural characterization is reported and explained by comparison with transport modeling that include inter‐flake quantum tunneling transport and percolation dynamics. The results reveal that the electrical properties are strongly influenced by the flakes packing fraction and by complex meandering electron trajectories, which traverse several printed layers. Controlling these trajectories is essential for printing high‐quality devices that exploit the properties of 2D materials. Inkjet‐printed graphene is used to make a field effect transistor and Ohmic contacts on an InSe phototransistor. This is the first time that inkjet‐printed graphene has successfully replaced single layer graphene as a contact material for 2D metal chalcogenides.
Pushing the Limit of Ordered Mesoporous Materials via 2D Self‐Assembly for Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Qiu Pengpeng , Zhao Tao , Fang Yuan , Zhu Guihua , Zhu Xiaohang , Yang Jianping , Li Xiaopeng , Jiang Wan , Wang Lianjun , Luo Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMaterial and energy efficiencies are two key parameters that benchmark the electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices (EECSDs). Maximizing both requires researchers to grasp the limits of the physiochemical properties of core electrode materials. Ordered mesoporous materials (OMMs) have been regarded as promising electrode materials; however, their intrinsic deficiencies (e.g., plugs, inaccessible pores, and surfaces) impose limits for wide applications. 2D ordered mesoporous materials (2DOMMs) featured with an extended lateral dimension and a nanometer thickness not only inherit the structure advantages of mesoporous materials, but also have a unique 2D ultrathin feature that can fully address the imperfections of conventional OMMs. Herein, recent achievements on the preparation of 2DOMMs by combining single micelle assembly strategy with 2D bottom‐up patterning techniques including the molecular/space confined, interfacial orientated, and surface limited assembly are focused. Special focus is devoted to the newly developed synthetic strategies and their fundamental mechanisms for accurate control of some key structural parameters. Recent advances of 2DOMMs in EECSDs are also highlighted, which suggest that 2DOMMs are excellent material platforms for developing new battery chemistry as well as targeting performance optimization and cost reduction. Finally, the challenges and prospects are proposed based on current development.
Spacer Cation Tuning Enables Vertically Oriented and Graded Quasi‐2D Perovskites for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Ze , Wei Qi , Liu Xiaodong , Liu Li , Tang Xinyu , Guo Jia , Ren Shengqiang , Xing Guichuan , Zhao Dewei , Zheng Yonghao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHalide substitution in phenethylammonium spacer cations (X‐PEA+, X = F, Cl, Br) is a facile strategy to improve the performance of PEA based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of X‐PEA based quasi‐2D (Q‐2D) PSCs is still unsatisfactory and the underlying mechanisms are in debate. Here, the in‐depth study on the impact of halide substitution on the crystal orientation and multi‐phase distribution in PEA based perovskite films are reported. The halide substitution eliminates n = 1 2D perovskite and thus leads to the perpendicular crystal orientation. Furthermore, nucleation competition exists between small‐n and large‐n phases in PEA and X‐PEA based perovskites. This gives rise to the orderly distribution of different n‐phases in the PEA and F‐PEA based films, and random distribution in Cl‐PEA and Br‐PEA based films. As a result, (F‐PEA)2MA3Pb4I12 (MA = CH3NH3+, n = 4) based PSCs achieve a PCE of 18.10%, significantly higher than those of PEA (12.23%), Cl‐PEA (7.93%) and Br‐PEA (6.08%) based PSCs. Moreover, the F‐PEA based devices exhibit remarkably improved stability compared to their 3D counterparts.
Innovative Tissue‐Engineered Strategies for Osteochondral Defect Repair and Regeneration: Current Progress and Challenges
Authors: Zhou Liangbin , GJVM Van Osch , Malda Jos , Stoddart Martin J. , Lai Yuxiao , Richards R. Geoff , Ki‐wai Ho Kevin , Qin Ling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractClinical treatments for the repair of osteochondral defects (OCD) are merely palliative, not completely curative, and thus enormously unfulfilled challenges. With the in‐depth studies of biology, medicine, materials, and engineering technology, the conception of OCD repair and regeneration should be renewed. During the past decades, many innovative tissue‐engineered approaches for repairing and regenerating damaged osteochondral units have been widely explored. Various scaffold‐free and scaffold‐based strategies, such as monophasic, biphasic, and currently fabricated multiphasic and gradient architectures have been proposed and evaluated. Meanwhile, progenitor cells and tissue‐specific cells have also been intensively investigated in vivo as well as ex vivo. Concerning bioactive factors and drugs, they have been combined with scaffolds and/or living cells, and even released in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Although tremendous progress has been achieved, further research and development (R&D) is needed to convert preclinical outcomes into clinical applications. Here, the osteochondral unit structure, its defect classifications, and diagnosis are summarized. Commonly used clinical reparative techniques, tissue‐engineered strategies, emerging 3D‐bioprinting technologies, and the status of their clinical applications are discussed. Existing challenges to translation are also discussed and potential solutions for future R&D directions are proposed.
Graphene‐Based Biomaterials for Bone Regenerative Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of the Field and Considerations Regarding Biocompatibility and Biodegradation
Authors: Daneshmandi Leila , Barajaa Mohammed , Tahmasbi Rad Armin , Sydlik Stefanie A. , Laurencin Cato T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGraphene and its derivatives have continued to garner worldwide interest due to their unique characteristics. Having expanded into biomedical applications, there have been efforts to employ their exceptional properties for the regeneration of different tissues, particularly bone. This article presents a comprehensive review on the usage of graphene‐based materials for bone regenerative engineering. The graphene family of materials (GFMs) are used either alone or in combination with other biomaterials in the form of fillers in composites, coatings for both scaffolds and implants, or vehicles for the delivery of various signaling and therapeutic agents. The applications of the GFMs in each of these diverse areas are discussed and emphasis is placed on the characteristics of the GFMs that have implications in this regard. In tandem and of importance, this article evaluates the safety and biocompatibility of the GFMs and carefully elucidates how various factors influence the biocompatibility and biodegradability of this new class of nanomaterials. In conclusion, the challenges and opportunities regarding the use of the GFMs in regenerative engineering applications are discussed, and future perspectives for the developments in this field are proposed.
Dendrites in Zn‐Based Batteries
Authors: Yang Qi , Li Qing , Liu Zhuoxin , Wang Donghong , Guo Ying , Li Xinliang , Tang Yongchao , Li Hongfei , Dong Binbin , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAqueous Zn batteries that provide a synergistic integration of absolute safety and high energy density have been considered as highly promising energy‐storage systems for powering electronics. Despite the rapid progress made in developing high‐performance cathodes and electrolytes, the underestimated but non‐negligible dendrites of Zn anode have been observed to shorten battery lifespan. Herein, this dendrite issue in Zn anodes, with regard to fundamentals, protection strategies, characterization techniques, and theoretical simulations, is systematically discussed. An overall comparison between the Zn dendrite and its Li and Al counterparts, to highlight their differences in both origin and topology, is given. Subsequently, in‐depth clarifications of the specific influence factors of Zn dendrites, including the accumulation effect and the cathode loading mass (a distinct factor for laboratory studies and practical applications) are presented. Recent advances in Zn dendrite protection are then comprehensively summarized and categorized to generate an overview of respective superiorities and limitations of various strategies. Accordingly, theoretical computations and advanced characterization approaches are introduced as mechanism guidelines and measurement criteria for dendrite suppression, respectively. The concluding section emphasizes future challenges in addressing the Zn dendrite issue and potential approaches to further promoting the lifespan of Zn batteries.
Organ‐Level Functional 3D Tissue Constructs with Complex Compartments and their Preclinical Applications
Authors: Lee Jaeseo , Park DoYeun , Seo Yoojin , Chung Justin J. , Jung Youngmee , Kim Soo Hyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in organ‐level 3D tissue constructs, owing to their mirroring of in vivo‐like features. This has resulted in a wide range of preclinical applications to obtain cell‐ or tissue‐specific responses. Additionally, the development and improvement of sophisticated technologies, such as organoid generation, microfluidics, hydrogel engineering, and 3D printing, have enhanced 3D tissue constructs to become more elaborate. In particular, recent studies have focused on including complex compartments, i.e., vascular and innervation structured 3D tissue constructs, which mimic the nature of the human body in that all tissues/organs are interconnected and physiological phenomena are mediated through vascular and neural systems. Here, the strategies are categorized according to the number of dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) of the starting materials for scaling up, and novel approaches to introduce increased complexity in 3D tissue constructs are highlighted. Recent advances in preclinical applications are also investigated to gain insight into the future direction of 3D tissue construct research. Overcoming the challenges in improving organ‐level functional 3D tissue constructs both in vitro and in vivo will ultimately become a life‐saving tool in the biomedical field.
Neutrophils Enable Local and Non‐Invasive Liposome Delivery to Inflamed Skeletal Muscle and Ischemic Heart
Authors: Che Junyi , Najer Adrian , Blakney Anna K. , McKay Paul F. , Bellahcene Mohamed , Winter Charles W. , Sintou Amalia , Tang Jiaqing , Keane Timothy J. , Schneider Michael D. , Shattock Robin J. , Sattler Susanne , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUncontrolled inflammation is a major pathological factor underlying a range of diseases including autoimmune conditions, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Improving localized delivery of immunosuppressive drugs to inflamed tissue in a non‐invasive manner offers significant promise to reduce severe side effects caused by systemic administration. Here, a neutrophil‐mediated delivery system able to transport drug‐loaded nanocarriers to inflamed tissue by exploiting the inherent ability of neutrophils to migrate to inflammatory tissue is reported. This hybrid system (neutrophils loaded with liposomes ex vivo) efficiently migrates in vitro following an inflammatory chemokine gradient. Furthermore, the triggered release of loaded liposomes and reuptake by target macrophages is studied. The migratory behavior of liposome‐loaded neutrophils is confirmed in vivo by demonstrating the delivery of drug‐loaded liposomes to an inflamed skeletal muscle in mice. A single low‐dose injection of the hybrid system locally reduces inflammatory cytokine levels. Biodistribution of liposome‐loaded neutrophils in a human‐disease‐relevant myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury mouse model after i.v. injection confirms the ability of injected neutrophils to carry loaded liposomes to inflammation sites. This strategy shows the potential of nanocarrier‐loaded neutrophils as a universal platform to deliver anti‐inflammatory drugs to promote tissue regeneration in inflammatory diseases.
2D Re‐Based Transition Metal Chalcogenides: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Chen Chao , Yang Yang , Lei Zhibin , Xu Hua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe rise of 2D transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials has enormous implications for the scientific community and beyond. Among TMDs, ReX2 (X = S, Se) has attracted significant interest regarding its unusual 1T′ structure and extraordinary properties in various fields during the past 7 years. For instance, ReX2 possesses large bandgaps (ReSe2: 1.3 eV, ReS2: 1.6 eV), distinctive interlayer decoupling, and strong anisotropic properties, which endow more degree of freedom for constructing novel optoelectronic, logic circuit, and sensor devices. Moreover, facile ion intercalation, abundant active sites, together with stable 1T′ structure enable them great perspective to fabricate high‐performance catalysts and advanced energy storage devices. In this review, the structural features, fundamental physicochemical properties, as well as all existing applications of Re‐based TMDs materials are comprehensively introduced. Especially, the emerging synthesis strategies are critically analyzed and pay particular attention is paid to its growth mechanism with probing the assembly process of domain architectures. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities regarding the controlled preparation methods, property, and application exploration of Re‐based TMDs are discussed.
Engineering Prodrug Nanomedicine for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Bin , Gao Jing , Pei Qing , Xu Huixiong , Yu Haijun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy has shifted the clinical paradigm of cancer management. However, despite promising initial progress, immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer still suffer from relatively low response rates and the possibility of severe side effects, likely due to the low inherent immunogenicity of tumor cells, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and significant inter‐ and intratumoral heterogeneity. Recently, nanoformulations of prodrugs have been explored as a means to enhance cancer immunotherapy by simultaneously eliciting antitumor immune responses and reversing local immunosuppression. Prodrug nanomedicines, which integrate engineering advances in chemistry, oncoimmunology, and material science, are rationally designed through chemically modifying small molecule drugs, peptides, or antibodies to yield increased bioavailability and spatiotemporal control of drug release and activation at the target sites. Such strategies can help reduce adverse effects and enable codelivery of multiple immune modulators to yield synergistic cancer immunotherapy. In this review article, recent advances and translational challenges facing prodrug nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy are overviewed. Last, key considerations are outlined for future efforts to advance prodrug nanomedicines aimed to improve antitumor immune responses and combat immune tolerogenic microenvironments.
Controlling Photocatalytic Activity by Self‐Assembly – Tuning Perylene Bisimide Photocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: McDowall Daniel , Greeves Benjamin J. , Clowes Rob , McAulay Kate , Fuentes‐Caparrós Ana M. , Thomson Lisa , Khunti Nikul , Cowieson Nathan , Nolan Michael C. , Wallace Matthew , Cooper Andrew I. , Draper Emily R. , Cowan Alexander J. , Adams Dave J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmino acid functionalized perylene bisimides (PBIs) form self‐assembled structures in solution, the nature of which depends on the local environment. Using a high‐throughput photocatalysis setup, five PBIs are studied for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under a range of conditions (pH and hole scavenger concentration) across 350 experiments to explore the relationship between supramolecular structure and photocatalytic activity. Using small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), NMR spectroscopy and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) absorption spectroscopy, it is shown that photocatalytic activity is determined by the nature of the self‐assembled aggregate that is formed, demonstrating the potential of self‐assembly to tune activity. There is a clear correlation between the presence of charged flexible cylindrical aggregates and the occurrence of photocatalytic H2 production, with UV–vis spectroscopy indicating that the most active structure type has a distinctive form of π‐aggregation which is proposed to enable efficient charge separation across multiple PBI units.
Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO over Ni Single Atoms Supported on Defect‐Rich Zirconia
Authors: Xiong Xuyang , Mao Chengliang , Yang Zhaojun , Zhang Qinghua , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Gu Lin , Zhang Tierui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) holds great promise for curbing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, though boosting photocatalyst activity and tuning product selectivity remain key priorities. Herein, isolated Ni single atoms dispersed on defect rich zirconia (Ni‐SA‐x/ZrO2) are identified as a very promising photocatalyst for CRR under Xe lamp irradiation, showing good activity and CO selectivity in the absence of added sacrificial agents or sensitizers. Due to an abundance of accessible nickel single atomic sites, the optimized photocatalyst affords CO at a rate of 11.8 µmol g−1 h−1 (92.5% selectivity). Experimental and theoretical investigations determine that the atomically dispersed Ni sites lower the energy barrier for CO2 to CO conversion via an adsorbed COOH intermediate, while also suppressing H2 desorption in the competing water splitting reaction. The Ni single atom sites thus simultaneously promote CO2 conversion and CO selectivity, thus offering valuable new insights for the future design of improved metal single‐atom catalysts for CRR.
Transanal minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer
Authors: Devane Liam A. , Burke John P. , Kelly Justin J. , Albert Matthew R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to the increased uptake of rectal cancer screening and the increasing rates of complete clinical response to chemoradiotherapy, more early‐stage and down‐staged rectal cancers are being treated. This has triggered surgeons to question the necessity for proctectomy and its associated morbidity and consider local excision and organ preservation in selected cases. Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) has evolved as an oncologically safe yet cost‐effective platform for local excision of rectal tumors using traditional laparoscopic instruments. This review highlights the recent advances and current role of TAMIS in the treatment of rectal cancer.