bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of risk-based approach in design of water supply systems
Authors: Yuhno A I , Plugotarenko N K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The formation of organochlorine compounds in drinking water in the water supply system chlorination process was studied. The dynamic pattern of chloroform concentration in drinking water in a water treatment facility over a year is provided. Cancer health risk for the population of using drinking water is calculated. A greater speed of organochlorine compound formation in comparison with the rising concentration of residual chlorine associated with a bigger dose of chlorine agent was documented. The influence of such factors as pH medium, permanganate oxidizability, chlorine absorbing capacity, temperature and residual chlorine concentration on the concentration of chloroform in drinking water was experimentally established. A neural network model that predicts the chloroform concentration in drinking chlorine treated water was used. The chlorine agent dosage control organization chart was proposed on the basis of fuzzy logic that can be used in design of water-supply systems taking into account the health risks for the population.
Assessment of territorial impact of industrial mercury pollution and proposal for its solution
Authors: Starostina V Yu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The mercury electrolysis plant in Usolye Sibirskoye, which was decommissioned in 1998, is a source of mercury pollution, since measures to prevent mercury pollution of the environment were not implemented after its closure. On the territory of the plant, mercury remained in building structures, in sludge, in soils, in loose sediments. All of them are deposited sources of metallic mercury, from where it continues to spread in the air, soils and groundwater. In order to choose the best method to eliminate the source of mercury pollution, it is necessary to conduct an assessment of the impact on all elements of the environment and to identify the places with the highest mercury contamination. In addition, to propose environmental protection measures those are aimed at eliminating the main sources of metallic mercury release to the environment from the decommissioned mercury electrolysis plant. During the environmental impact assessment of the investigated object, the following tasks were performed: an assessment of the existing environmental situation and the state of the natural environment was carried out; alternative scenarios for achieving the planned activity were considered, with a justification for choosing the best one.
Functional zoning of urban areas with regard to environmental quality is one of ways to create more favourable conditions for life
Authors: Volkodaeva M V , Taranina O A , Volodina Ya A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The planning structure of modern cities is complex. It includes diverse functional areas. At the same time, the increase of population in cities leads to the building density growth, but this process has its limits. Consequently, the adoption of new urban planning decisions on the functional zoning should be based on the objective assessment of the quality of the environment. In this regard, an important role belongs to the development of ecological monitoring systems, which should provide the most reliable information about the negative impact on the environment. The article describes different functional zones of cities, their properties and requirements for their environmental quality control.
Press-fit joints study by multiangle ultrasonic sounding method
Authors: Ivannikov V P , Kabakova A V , Chaykina A Yu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the article the authors consider the problem and the way of press-fit joints quality quantitative estimation with an ultrasonic echo-impulse method. It is shown that the reflection coefficient is the general characteristics of press-fit joint quality rather its load carrying capacity defined by the maximum rotation moment transmitted by the press-fit joint, because it is bound with the normal stresses appearing on the joint surfaces. The equation for calculation of the coefficient of ultrasound reflection from the interference area of a joint by echo-impulse amplitudes measured from the quill cylinder and from a joint is received. Peculiarities of the research procedure are accentuated and described. The peculiarities allow receiving exact estimation of press-fit joints quality by a non-destructive method either on the localized areas of the interference or the estimation of an averaged value around the joint during multiangle study of the object on different directions in the definite ultrasonic sounding plane. Special attention is paid by the authors to the possibility and practicability of automation of the process of control on the basis of the multiangle ultrasonic sounding method in order to improve the joint quality studying process.
Method of wastewater treatment from emulsified petroleum products
Authors: Rubanov Yu K , Miroshnichenko N A , Kozlova T V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The authors developed the composition of integrated adsorbent for the disposal of wastewater containing cutting fluids and consisting of decaying steel slag and iron ore concentrate at a weight ratio of 1:1.5. It was identified that the maximum degree of cleaning from emulsified petroleum products (EOP) is observed at the size of adsorbent particles (d) in the range of 80>d>50 um. The values of the process hydrogen ion exponent pH ≤ 3 while the ratio between solid and liquid phases at the separation of water and emulsified petroleum products is equal to 0.6-0.7. The authors managed to set the parameters of the magnetic processing of a suspension consisting of complex adsorbent and water&oil emulsions with subsequent separation of the aqueous and oil phases. At this, the magnetic field intensity was equal to 180 kA/m and the magnetic field processing time - 120 seconds.
Evaluating the patterns of air bubble rise in water-air mixtures used in natural and waste water treatment processes
Authors: Andreev S Yu , Garkina I A , Yakhkind M I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of theoretical studies into the patterns of air bubble rise in water-air mixtures used in the natural and waste water treatment processes. It is shown that the air bubble size determines the possibility of its rise under various hydrodynamic conditions. Analysis of the balance of the main forces acting on a single free-rising air bubble identified the basic rise types: laminar rise; laminar rise with a sliding surface layer; transient rise; turbulent rise; turbulent rise in the resistance-law self-similarity field. Mathematical dependencies have been obtained to describe the various types of air bubble rise. Using the obtained mathematical dependencies enables an adequate evaluation of the properties of the water-air mixture containing air bubbles as well as using it more efficiently in natural and waste water treatment processes.
Practical application of digital control methods in ecological systems
Authors: Akhobadze G N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper explains the application of regression analysis for prediction of processes in ecological systems and control of them. Theoretical analysis of the regression method structure and the main typical dependences between dependent and independent variables used for mathematical prediction modelling for statistically random processes are given. Specific aspects in significance of regression equation parameters are defined in statistical processing of the experimental data. Equation demonstrating the soil transpiration as a function of changes in fluid pressure and relative water vapor saturation is given. Comparative analysis of the absolute and relative errors of the actual and predicted values of the soil transpiration is presented. Expressions allowing one to estimate the arithmetic mean and the mean square deviation of the soil transpiration depending on the computational points are demonstrated. A method for recognising miscalculations when processing experimental data using the STATISTICA program is presented. Using the 3σ method and the tabular method, a numerical example of whether any result is miscalculated is demonstrated. Efficiency of the proposed mathematical model is shown using a specific example with account of statistical analysis of experimental results for metrological validation of them.
Extracting copper (II) ions from model solutions with carbon containing adsorption material
Authors: Starostina I V , Stolyarov D V , Kosukhin M M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A method for purifying model aqueous solutions from Cu2+ ions with carbon-containing adsorption material obtained by thermal modification of kieselghur sludge is proposed. Waste kieselghur sludge is characterized by an organic-mineral composition, which is formed in the technology of refining vegetable oil at the winterization stage i.e. removing waxes and wax-like substances at a temperature corresponding to their crystallization. As a result of heat treatment of the sludge at a temperature of 500 ºC, carbonization of organic substances occurs with the formation of a carbon layer on the surface of diatomite particles and the formation of a carbon-containing adsorption material. The concentrations of Cu2+ ions in model aqueous solutions was determined out by photometric method. It was shown that the maximum sorption of copper ions occurs in the range of pH 6-7 and at the consumption of the adsorbent 1 g per 100 cm3 of solution. The kinetic dependences of the adsorption process are studied - the maximum efficiency of extracting copper ions reaches 15 and 30 minutes at the initial concentration of solutions 10 and 25 mg / dm3, respectively. The adsorption capacity of the carbon-containing material was 14.3 mg / g, the nature of the process is monomolecular.
The use of Al2O3 - pillared clay in cleaning of aqueous solutions from surfactants
Authors: Khankhasaeva S Ts 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper describes the Al2O3-pillared clays synthesized by modifying the natural montmorillonite clay with aluminum polyhydroxy complexes and subsequent heat treatment of the modified samples at temperatures of 400 °C and 500 °C. The textural characteristics of natural and Al2O3-pillared clays were determined by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The results showed that the obtained materials had a specific surface area, which was 1.7 times larger than the surface of the original clay, and the total pore volume, which was 1.2 more, than the pore volume of the original clay. Anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate C12H25OSO3Na and sulfonol C12H25C6H4SO3Na) adsorption results have shown that the clay modifying by polyhydroxocomplexes of aluminum leads to a significant increase in their aniono-exchange capacity. Al2O3-pillared clay exceeds the adsorption capacity of natural clay more than 2 times in the adsorption of sodium dodecylsulfate and sulfonol. It is established that the adsorption isotherms of sodium dodecylsulfate and sulfonol on Al2O3-pillared clays well obey the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation, which describes multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface of sorbents. Al2O3-pillared clays may be of interest for use in wastewater treatment from anionic surfactants.
High frequency ultrasound enhanced oxidation of bisphenol a by Fenton-like systems
Authors: Aseev D G , Krasnekov D S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
High-frequency ultrasound was employed to enhance degradation of micropollutant Bisphenol A in a Fenton-like oxidative system involving persulfate as the oxidant and ferrous iron (Fe(II)) as the catalyst US/Fe2+/S2O8
2−. Experiments were carried out in a 400 ml glass reactor. The influence of the initial concentration of BPA, the ratio of “oxidizer-substrate”, the ratio of “catalyst-substrate”, temperature, on the efficiency of the oxidation of BPA was established. The reaction rates of micropollutant degradation increased in the order: {Fe2+/S2O8
2−}<{US}<{US/Fe2+/S2O8
2−}. It was shown that ultrasonic activated Fenton-like oxidative system leads to degradation of micropollutants. As a result, a method of deep degradation of toxic organic pollutants based on the ultrasonic activated – Fenton process US/Fe2+/S2O8
2− was suggested.
α-factor experimental determination of aeration system in aeration tanks
Authors: Dyagelev M Y , Isakov V G , Grakhova E V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article is dedicated to determine the α-factor of aeration systems in case of changing the wastewater treatment line (transfer of aeration tanks to the nitri-denitrifier aeration mode). The studies were performed on an experimental installation with sewage and activated sludge at one of the sewage treatment facilities of the Udmurt Republic. During the process of determining the parameter under consideration, pure water and the sludge mixture from the experimental plant were sequentially aerated at the same conditions; thus, the K
Lα was sequentially determined for two different types of liquids. The ratio of different liquids defined under the same conditions of K
Lα determines the α-factor. Plate aerators with a dispersing element made of a rubber membrane were used as an experimental plants, thanks to which a high calculated value of the α-factor was found - 0.95 ± 0.03.
Anaerobic digestion technology improving by biogas production safety development
Authors: Kuznetsova N V , Drapalyuk N A , Shchukina T V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion, accompanied by methane liberation, is one of the priority ways of organic waste and sewage sludge disposal. Improving the reliability of biogas stations, including environmental reliability, can be achieved by using plants with high reliability indicators improved with further constructive improvement. For this purpose, reactors with gas holders additional function are considered and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Technical solutions are proposed to increase anaerobic processes stability and biogas accumulation. Solar energy using is assumed to maintain required thermal conditions and to avoid additional heating, necessary for heating the medium gas-holder floats in. An equation is obtained to make it possible to predict the fuel yield depending on organic waste residence time in a methane tank. The proposed function can be used to make amendments for all temperature regimes corresponding to bacteria’s vital activity conditions.
Aspen Plus simulation of optimal biogas production in anaerobic digestion process
Authors: Ravendran R R , Abdulrazik A , Zailan R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The demanding uses of fossil fuels and their associated environmental footprints are driving researches into renewable energy productions from organic resources and waste. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an environment-friendly and cost-effective method to produce biogas from biomass. This biogas can be used in power generation, heating systems and in a combined heat and power (CHP) system. Nevertheless, biogas produced from AD contains a big fraction of CO2 and less methane purity. Aspen Plus simulation model was developed for the AD process to produce biogas, highlighting the economical potentials and environmental benefits. Four steps of AD including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis with eight reactions were simulated based on the respective stoichiometries. Optimization has involved the search to identify optimum feed flow rate and operating pressure to produce the maximum amount of pure methane. The obtained results showed that optimum feed rate was 0.36 l/day and operating pressure of 3 bar with hydrogen flow of 180 l/day. By using these optimum conditions, maximum amount of methane with high purity was achieved. Otherwise, through biomass natural decomposition, the methane would escape to the atmosphere as one of those significant greenhouse gases.
Biobutanol production from oil palm frond juice in 2 L stirred tank bioreactor with in situ gas stripping recovery
Authors: Asri F M , Masngut N , Zahari M A K M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Biobutanol has generated renewed interest of being a sustainable alternate fuel. As butanol can fully miscible with diesel fuel even at low temperatures, better fuel extender than ethanol, low vapour pressure, low miscibility with water and has higher price, making it most potential solvent compared to acetone and ethanol. Previous study shows that biobutanol can be biosynthesized from oil palm frond (OPF) juice by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 in the lab scale experiment. Thus, this paper focused on the synthesis and characterization of the OPF juice as fermentation substrate for biobutanol production in 2 L batch fermentation using 50 g/L OPF juice. 14.0 g/L biobutanol was produced in batch fermentation. The research was further extended with fed-batch experiment and in situ gas stripping. 71.5% acetone, 36.5% biobutanol and 18.4% ethanol were stripped out from the fermentation broth during first gas stripping interval (42-48 h). After 120 h, total of 395 g/L biobutanol was stripped out. Thus, it was proven that OPF juice can be used as an alternative carbon source for biobutanol production while fed-batch fermentation with in situ gas stripping method improved the biobutanol production from OPF juice.
Syngas software for biomass gasification process
Authors: Saleh S , Samad N A F A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this work, the thermodynamic equilibrium model has been developed in Excel software for evaluating gasification process. The software is called as Syngas software is applicable to study the effects of gasification temperature either using air or steam as gasifying agents for a wide range of biomass. The application of Syngas software has been highlighted through gasification of EFB using air as gasifying agents. The effects of gasification temperature between 650°C and 900°C has been conducted. The highest amount of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas produced are 29.4 mol% and 44.1 mol% respectively at gasification temperature of 900°C. Meanwhile around 19.5 mol% of carbon dioxide gas and 5.8 mol% of methane gas have been generated at similar gasification temperature. The thermodynamic equilibrium model developed in the Syngas software has been validated against experimental data where root mean square errors (RMSEs) lesser than 1 is obtained indicating a reliable of the developed Syngas software.
Catalytic production of levulinic acid from matured coconut water
Authors: Ismail F , Rahman N A , Esa F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Depletion of fossil as fuel resources due to increasing energy demands has led to a challenging transition to renewable abundance bio-based feedstock. Levulinic acid is a versatile platform chemical that can be utilized to produce fuels, solvents, polymers, pharmaceutical and agrochemical products. It can be synthesized from natural resources such as lignosellulosic biomass, sugars and environmental waste. Matured coconut water is an agro waste that produced mainly from coconut milk industry which contains variety of sugars and minerals. This study was carried out on synthesizing levulinic acid from matured coconut water by focusing on the effect of catalytic acid to coconut water ratio, types of acid and reaction time. The matured coconut water was mixed with sulfuric acid at three different concentrations (0.5 M, 0.75 M, 1.0 M) in 9:1, 8:2, and 7:3 ratios respectively. Mixtures were heated at 100°C for 30 minutes. The ratio decided was carried out into determine the best types of acid (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid) followed by the reaction time (15, 30, 45, 60 minutes). Levulinic acid production increase as concentration of acid increase. However, low acid percentage in coconut water medium was appropriate enough to give high yield of product (0.135%). Both hydrochloric and sulfuric acid catalyzed more product at high concentration.
Minimizing loop interaction in Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) system using partial decoupler approach
Authors: Sulaiman M S , Ahmad Z 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research focus on controlling Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) process for Reflux (L) – Boil up rate (V) configurations. There are a total of 3 phases in the simulation process. In phase 1, transfer functions and best fit curves are obtained for LV. The best fits are 88.28 % (CV1) and 93.07 % (CV2). The controller for LV configurations was developed. In phase 2, the controllers were tuned and analyze based on the set point tracking and disturbance rejection. In phase 3, partial decouplers were developed and analyzed for a static plus dynamic approach. It is observed that the partial decoupler provides better performance as compared to conventional full decoupler. The performance was proven based on the outcomes from the simulations and calculations. As a conclusion, the partial decoupler is able to minimize the loops interaction and obtain the best set point tracking and disturbance rejection.
Fractionation of oleochemical fatty acid using vacuum dividing wall column: A controllability analysis
Authors: Othman M R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dividing wall column (DWC) provides a good alternative for oleochemical fractionation. However, the internal configuration and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system of DWC leads to complexity in operation and control. This work aims to analyze the controllability of fractionating oleochemical fatty acid using vacuum dividing wall column (VDWC). To achieve this, Aspen Plus and Aspen Dynamics were used to develop a rigorous steady state and dynamic model of the column. Five manipulated variables (MVs) were considered namely reflux flowrate (L), distillate flowrate (D), bottom flow rate (B), side-stream flowrate (S) and vapor boilup (V) while controlled variables (CVs) were the product compositions. Pairing of MV and CV to determine the best 3×3 control configuration was performed using relative gain array (RGA) and singular value analysis (SVA). The selected control structure was tested on PID controllers for several regulatory and servo problem. The results of RGA and SVA shows that DSV was the best control configuration. Performance analysis was found to be successful in rejecting the disturbances as well as obtaining good set point tracking. However, distillate and bottom composition shows poor controllability compare to middle composition.