bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Childhood Obesity
Authors: Koletzko Berthold , Fishbein Mark , Lee Way S. , Moreno Luis , Mouane Nezha , Mouzaki Marialena , Verduci Elvira 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTGlobal childhood obesity increased more than 8‐fold over 40 years, inducing a very large personal, societal, and economic burden. Effects of available treatments are less than satisfactory; therefore, effective prevention is of high priority. In this narrative review, we explore preventive opportunities. The available evidence indicates large benefits of improving nutrition and lifestyle during early life, such as promoting breast‐feeding and improving the quality of infant and early childhood feeding. Promoting healthy eating patterns and limiting sugar‐containing beverage consumption from early childhood onwards are of great benefit. Regular physical activity and limited sedentary lifestyle and screen time alone have limited effects but are valuable elements in effective multicomponent strategies. The home environment is important, particularly for young children, and can be improved by educating and empowering families. School‐ and community‐based interventions can be effective, such as installing water fountains, improving cafeteria menus, and facilitating regular physical activity. Reducing obesogenic risk factors through societal standards is essential for effective prevention and limiting socioeconomic disparity; these may comprise food, drink, and physical activity standards for day cares and schools, general food quality standards, front‐of‐pack food labeling, taxation of unhealthy foods, restriction of food advertisements to children, and others. Effective prevention of childhood obesity is not achieved by single interventions but by integrated multicomponent approaches involving multiple stakeholders that address children, families, and societal standards. Pediatricians and their organizations should be proactive in supporting and empowering families to support their children's health, and in promoting societal measures that protect children.
Circulating Tumor DNA Biomarkers for Early Detection of Oligometastasis
Authors: Routman David M. , Chera Bhishamjit S. , Gupta Gaorav P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Oligometastasis represents an intermediate disease stage between localized and widely metastatic cancer. Efficient identification of patients with oligometastasis remains a barrier for accrual on clinical trials of oligometastasis-directed therapy. Here we review the prospect of circulating tumor DNA–based monitoring to promote sensitive, specific, and cost-efficient detection of cancer recurrence during posttreatment surveillance. Thus, an impetus for the development and implementation of clinical-grade circulating tumor DNA assays should be for the positive impact they will have on clinical investigations of oligometastasis-directed therapy.
Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Oligometastatic Disease
Authors: Barnum Kevin J. , Weiss Sarah A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Metastatic lesions are largely responsible for cancer-related deaths and are synonymous with a poor prognosis. However, this is not always true for patients with oligometastases whose disease may be amenable to curative-intent local therapies. It has been proposed that an “intermediate state” (oligometastasis) exists in between locoregional and advanced disease states; however, the clinical definition of oligometastasis varies, and there is limited understanding of how tumor biology differs between oligometastases and polymetastases. There is evidence that local therapies can extend survival in patients with oligometastases, yet patient selection for local intervention and/or systemic therapy remains a challenge. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers of oligometastatic disease are strongly needed to identify patient candidates most likely to gain survival benefit from local therapies and to aid in the incorporation of ablative treatments in the context of existing systemic therapies.
Oligometastatic Disease and Local Therapies
Authors: Hafez Navid , Gettinger Scott 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Numerous studies in a variety of solid tumor malignancies have demonstrated prolonged progression-free and overall survival with the addition of definitive local therapies to systemic therapies in patients with a limited number of metastases. A subset of patients with oligometastases (1–5 metastases) may experience long-term disease remission or cure after local therapies such as surgery or stereotactic body radiation therapy to metastatic sites. This article reviews the literature in oligometastatic disease and considers a theoretical rationale for a curative approach in a subset of oligometastatic solid tumor patients. In oligometastatic colorectal cancer patients with liver-only metastases and in non–small cell lung cancer patients with disease control after primary therapy and with limited nodal involvement, aggressive local therapies should be considered. Clinical trials and further biomarker validation across disease types are necessary to clarify which subsets of patients may define a theorized “oligometastatic state” and therefore benefit from aggressive local therapies.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Active-Duty Service Members Improves Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Roach Alexandra E. , Hines Christopher , Stafford Jane , Mooney Scott 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
Current research on the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a noninvasive therapy for treatment-resistant depression is largely settled science. However, little is known about its efficacy with active-duty service members (ADSMs) with major depressive disorder. In a retrospective chart review, we examined depressive symptom ratings in ADSMs seeking treatment at the US Army Outpatient Behavioral Health Service Clinic at Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, Ga.

Methods
We reviewed 121 consecutive outpatient charts, which yielded 61 ADSMs who completed a minimum of 20 rTMS sessions for refractory depression, and for whom both pretreatment and posttreatment depressive symptom ratings were available. Pre– and post–Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) scores were subjected to a paired t test, and Reliable Change Indices were calculated to determine both reliable and clinical significance.

Results
Average (SD) pretreatment and posttreatment PHQ-9 scores were 15.8 (6.2) and 12.6 (7.6), respectively. Statistically significant reduction in post–PHQ-9 was demonstrated (P < 0.001), with 69% of patients lowering their ratings and 31% demonstrating reliable change (improvement >5.64). Additionally, 20% demonstrated a reliable change that placed them in the nondysfunctional range (post–PHQ-9 <9.6), demonstrating clinical significance.

Conclusions
These data confirm a course of standard rTMS to ADSMs with major depression is promising in reducing depressive symptoms. Given that success and completion rates from this clinic are similar to those reported in civilian populations (80%), rTMS may be an adequate additional treatment or augmentation strategy for refractory depression in ADSMs.
Cross-reaction of sera from COVID-19 patients with SARS-CoV assays
Authors: Wan Wei Yee , Seng Eng Hong , Lim Siew Hoon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 shares 74.5% genome identity with SARS-CoV, both exhibiting a similar well conserved structure. Therefore, antibodies produced in COVID-19 and SARS patients should not be that dissimilar. We evaluated SARS-CoV test assays to detect for the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and tried to determine the timing of appearance of these antibodies by testing serial sera from these patients.MethodsTests were carried out using ELISA (total antibodies) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIFA) (IgM & IgG) methods on serial sera from patients confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection.ResultsCross-reactivity was seen in these two test assays with sera from COVID-19 patients and was detected in 6 out of 7 patients from 7 days after onset of symptoms. Five of the patients had detectable antibodies by the 3rd week into their illness and there was evidence of seroconversion in 4 patients. The IIFA method was marginally more sensitive compared to the ELISA assay, however the IIFA IgM test was not useful in the early phase of the illness with poor sensitivity.ConclusionsExisting diagnostic assays for SARS-CoV can detect antibodies in patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19. These assays maybe be utilized as an interim measure in epidemiological investigations for contact tracing and to determine the extent of community spread of this new emerging virus pending the availability of specific serology tests for SARS-CoV-2.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Wu Qin , Xing Yuhan , Shi Lei , Li Wenjie , Gao Yang , Pan Silin , Wang Ying , Wang Wendi , Xing Quansheng 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly identified pathogen which mainly spreads by droplets. Most published studies focused on adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but data concerning pediatric patients is limited. This study aimed to determine epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19.MethodsWe reviewed and analyzed data on pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, including basic information, epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiologic findings, treatment, outcome and follow-up results.ResultsFrom January 20th to February 27th of 2020, a total of 74 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. Of the 68 cases whose epidemiological data were complete, 65 (65/68, 95.59%) cases were household contacts of adults whose symptoms developed earlier. Forty (59.46%) of the infected children were male, and the median age and body weight are 6 (0.10-15.08) years and 24 (4.20-87.00) kg, respectively. Except for one critically ill case, 20 (27.03%) patients did not show any symptoms of infection, 24 (32.43%) patients had acute upper respiratory tract infection and 29 (39.19%) patients were diagnosed with mild pneumonia. Cough (24/74, 32.43%) and fever (20, 27.03%) were the predominant symptoms of 44 (59.46%) symptomatic patients at onset of the illness. Abnormalities in leukocyte count were found in 23 (31.08%) children and 10 (13.51%) children presented with abnormal lymphocyte count. Of the 34 (45.95%) patients who had nucleic acid testing results for common respiratory pathogens, 19 (19 / 34, 51.35%) showed co-infection with other pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2.Ten (13.51%) children had RT-PCR analysis of SARS-CoV-2 for fecal specimens and 8 of them showed prolonged existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA 11 (5-23) days after nasopharynx swabs turning negative. Abnormalities in chest imaging were observed in 37 (50.00%) patients and 28 (37.84%) of them only presented with nontypical changes.All children had good prognosis with a median hospitalization duration of 11 days and follow-up period of 16.5 days. During the follow-up period, all the patients remained in quarantine at designated site and home for two 14-day obervation periods and showed no clinical manifestation,but 3 of the 8 cases with prolonged fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 still showed positive result of feces test.
Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hainan, China
Authors: Yan Shijiao , Song Xingyue , Lin Feng , Zhu Haiyan , Wang Xiaozhi , Li Min , Ruan Jianwen , Lin Changfeng , Liu Xiaoran , Wu Qiang , Luo Zhiqian , Fu Wenning , Chen Song , Yuan Yong , Liu Shengxing , Yao Jinjian , Lv Chuanzhu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince January 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has spread rapidly and developing the pandemic model around the world. Data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients in an imported cases as model in island outside Wuhan.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study included all 168 confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Hainan province from 22 January 2020 to 13 March 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and were analysed for demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory data.ResultsOf 168 patients, 160 have been discharged, 6 have died and 2 remain hospitalized. The median age was 51.0 years and 51.8% were females. 129 (76.8%) patients were imported cases, and 118 (70.2%), 51 (30.4%) and 52 (31%) of patients lived in Wuhan or traveled to Wuhan, had contact with Covid-19 patients, or had contact with Wuhan residents, respectively. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (65.5%), dry cough (48.8%) and expectoration (32.1%). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (60.2%). The elderly people with diabetes, hypertension and CVD are more likely to develop severe cases. Follow-up of 160 discharged patients found that 20 patients (12.5%) had a positive RT-PCR test results of pharyngeal swabs or anal swabs or fecal.ConclusionsIn light of the rapid spread of Covid-19 around the world, early diagnosis and quarantine is important to curb the spread of Covid-19 and intensive treatments in early stage is to prevent patients away from critical condition.
Multimorbidity within households and health and social care utilisation and cost: retrospective cohort study using administrative data
Authors: Stafford Mai , Deeny Sarah R. , Dreyer Kathryn , Shand Jenny 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe daily management of long-term conditions falls primarily on individuals and their informal carers, but the household context and its impact on health and social care activity among people with multimorbidity is understudied.MethodsLinked data from health providers and local government in Barking and Dagenham provided a retrospective cohort of people aged 50+ in two-person households between April 2016 and March 2018. Two-part regression models were applied to estimate annualised use and cost of hospital, primary, community, mental health and social care by multimorbidity status of individuals and co-residents, adjusted for age, gender and deprivation. Applicability at the national level was tested using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.ResultsOver 45% of multimorbid people in two-person households were co-resident with another multimorbid person. They were 1.14 (95% CI 1.00, 1.30) times as likely to have any community care activity and 1.24 (95% CI 0.99,1.54) times as likely to have any mental health care activity compared to those co-resident with a healthy person. They had more primary care visits (8.5 (95% CI 8.2,8.8) vs 7.9 (95% CI 7.7,8.2)) and higher primary care costs. Outpatient care and elective admissions did not differ between these groups. Findings in the national data were similar.ConclusionsCare utilisation for people with multimorbidity varies by household context. There may be potential for connecting health and other community service input across household members.
Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection upon male gonadal function: A single center-based study
Authors: Ma Ling , Xie Wen , Li Danyang , Shi Lei , Mao Yanhong , Xiong Yao , Zhang Yuanzhen , Zhang Ming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince SARS-CoV-2 infection was first identified in December 2019, it spread rapidly and a global pandemic of COVID-19 has occurred. ACE2, the receptor for entry into the target cells by SARS-CoV-2, was found to abundantly express in testes, including spermatogonia, Leydig and Sertoli cells. However, there is no clinical evidence about whether SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect male gonadal function so far. In this study, we compared the sex-related hormones between 81 reproductive-aged men with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 100 age-matched healthy men, and found that serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was significantly increased, but the ratio of testosterone (T) to LH and the ratio of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to LH were dramatically decreased in males with COVID-19. Besides, multivariable regression analysis indicated that c-reactive protein (CRP) level was significantly associated with serum T:LH ratio in COVID-19 patients. This study provides the first direct evidence about the influence of medical condition of COVID-19 on male sex hormones, alerting more attention to gonadal function evaluation among patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially the reproductive-aged men.
From a single host to global spread: The global mobility based modelling of the COVID-19 pandemic implies higher infection rate and lower detection ratio than current estimates
Authors: Siwiak Marian , Szczesny Pawel , Siwiak Marlena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple efforts of modelling of the geo-temporal transmissibility of the virus have been undertaken, but none describes the pandemic spread at the global level. The aim of this research is to provide a high-resolution global model of the pandemic that overcomes the problem of biased country-level data on the number of infected cases. To achieve this we propose a novel SIR-type metapopulation transmission model and a set of analytically derived model parameters. We used them to perform a simulation of the disease spread with help of the Global Epidemic and Mobility (GLEAM) framework embedding actual population densities, commute patterns and long-range travel networks. The simulation starts on Nov 17th, 2019 with just a single pre-symptomatic, yet infectious, case in Wuhan, China, and results in an accurate prediction of the number of diagnosed cases after 154 days in multiple countries across five continents. In addition, the model outcome shows high compliance with the results of a random screening test conducted on pregnant women in the New York area.MethodsWe have built a modified SIR metapopulation transmission model and parameterized it analytically either by setting the values of the parameters based on the literature, or by assuming their plausible values. We compared our results with the number of diagnosed cases in twenty selected countries which provide reliable statistics but differ substantially in terms of strength and speed of undertaken Non-Drug Interventions. The obtained 95% confidence intervals for the predictions are in agreement with the empirical data.ResultsThe parameters that successfully model the pandemic are: the basic reproduction numberR0, 4.4; a latent non-infectious period of 1.1. days followed by 4.6 days of the presymptomatic infectious period; the probability of developing severe symptoms, 0.01; the probability of being diagnosed when presenting severe symptoms of 0.6; the probability of diagnosis for cases with mild symptoms or asymptomatic, 0.001.DiscussionParameters that successfully reproduce the observed number of cases indicate that bothR0and the prevalence of the virus might be underestimated. This is in concordance with the newest research on undocumented COVID-19 cases. Consequently, the actual mortality rate is putatively lower than estimated. Confirmation of the pandemic characteristic by further refinement of the model and screening tests is crucial for developing an effective strategy for the global epidemiological crisis.
Phylogenomic analysis clarifies the evolutionary origin of Coffea arabica L
Authors: Bawin Yves , Ruttink Tom , Staelens Ariane , Haegeman Annelies , Stoffelen Piet , Mwanga Mwanga Jean-Claude Ithe , Roldán-Ruiz Isabel , Honnay Olivier , Janssens Steven B. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryInterspecific hybridization events have played a major role in plant speciation, yet, the evolutionary origin of hybrid species often remains enigmatic. Here, we inferred the evolutionary origin of the allotetraploid species Coffea arabica, which is widely cultivated for Arabica coffee production.We estimated genetic distances between C. arabica and all species that are known to be closely related to C. arabica using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data. In addition, we reconstructed a time-calibrated multilabeled phylogenetic tree of 24 species to infer the age of the C. arabica hybridization event. Ancestral states of self-compatibility were also reconstructed to infer the evolution of self-compatibility in Coffea.C. canephora and C. eugenioides were confirmed as the putative progenitor species of C. arabica. These species most likely hybridized between 1.08 million and 543 thousand years ago.We inferred the phylogenetic relationships between C. arabica and its closest relatives and shed new light on the evolution of self-compatibility in Coffea. Furthermore, the age of the hybridization event coincides with periods of environmental upheaval, which may have induced range shifts of the progenitor species that facilitated the emergence of C. arabica.
Employee perceptions of HRM practices and their turnover intentions: evidence from South Korea
Authors: Oh Jinuk 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe study sought to provide insight into the affective mechanisms that underlie the relationship between HRM practices and employee turnover intentions from the perspective of Korean employees. The study drew on social exchange theory and used compensation satisfaction, perceived job security and job autonomy to explain how perceptions of HRM practices affect employee turnover intentions.Design/methodology/approachThe data were generated from a survey questionnaire administered to both white-collar and knowledge workers in different organizations in the Seoul Capital Area. The final sample consisted of 310 full-time employees.FindingsThe results show that compensation satisfaction and perceived job security have significant indirect negative effects on employees' intentions to leave their organization in the Korean context, which supports previous studies in Western contexts. However, the indirect effects of job autonomy on employee turnover intention were not significant in the current study.Originality/valueThis study continues the conversation about the important role HRM practices play in retaining valuable employees. This study offers a nuanced view of the relationship between HRM practices and employee turnover in a distinctive research setting. This study also provides realistic and practical suggestions on HRM so that organizations in Korea are able to implement HRM practices that help them retain competent employees.