bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass, primary energy, and cost: the impact of optimization objectives on the initial sizing of hybrid-electric general aviation aircraft
Authors: Finger D. Felix , Götten Falk , Braun Carsten , Bil Cees 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor short take-off and landing (STOL) aircraft, a parallel hybrid-electric propulsion system potentially offers superior performance compared to a conventional propulsion system, because the short-take-off power requirement is much higher than the cruise power requirement. This power-matching problem can be solved with a balanced hybrid propulsion system. However, there is a trade-off between wing loading, power loading, the level of hybridization, as well as range and take-off distance. An optimization method can vary design variables in such a way that a minimum of a particular objective is attained. In this paper, a comparison between the optimization results for minimum mass, minimum consumed primary energy, and minimum cost is conducted. A new initial sizing algorithm for general aviation aircraft with hybrid-electric propulsion systems is applied. This initial sizing methodology covers point performance, mission performance analysis, the weight estimation process, and cost estimation. The methodology is applied to the design of a STOL general aviation aircraft, intended for on-demand air mobility operations. The aircraft is sized to carry eight passengers over a distance of 500 km, while able to take off and land from short airstrips. Results indicate that parallel hybrid-electric propulsion systems must be considered for future STOL aircraft.
Comparative Evaluation of Waste Cooking Oil and Waste Engine Oil Rejuvenated Asphalt Concrete Mixtures
Authors: Mamun Abdullah Al , Al-Abdul Wahhab H. I. , Dalhat M. A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn road construction, different types of waste oil have been recommended to overcome the stiffening effect of reclaimed asphalt pavement content. However, the selection of an effective rejuvenator based on a comparative study can lead to using the resources more efficiently. In this study, waste cooking oil and waste engine oil are used to rejuvenate three different percentages (30%, 40%, and 50%) of reclaimed asphalt pavement following the current maximum industrial adaptability. The waste oil rejuvenated mixtures are compared to the fresh mixture, and mixtures rejuvenated with commercial rejuvenator. The moisture sensitivity, indirect tensile strength, and resilient modulus of the various asphalt mixtures are analyzed. Based on the statistical analyses and overall ranking, it is concluded that 7% of waste engine oil performs better till 40% of reclaimed asphalt pavement, whereas 13% of waste cooking oil can be used till 50% of reclaimed asphalt pavement.
Postmortem computed tomography of gas gangrene with aortic gas in a dialysis patient
Authors: Asao Rin , Nishida Kazumasa , Goto Hiromichi , Goto Yoshikazu , Ichiba Noriatsu , Ohsawa Isao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, postmortem imaging is sometimes used as an alternative to conventional autopsy. However, there are few case reports of postmortem imaging of dialysis patients. Here, we report a fatal case of gas gangrene involving a 76-year-old man who underwent dialysis. He died suddenly before a diagnosis could be established. Immediately after his death, postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) revealed gas accumulation in his right upper extremity and ascending aorta. Gas gangrene progresses rapidly and may sometimes result in sudden death before it is diagnosed. In this case, PMCT findings were useful to diagnose gas gangrene. Intravascular gas is a common finding on PMCT and is generally caused by cardiopulmonary resuscitation and decomposition. However, the detection of gas in the ascending aorta by PMCT was not described previously. Moreover, Gram stain and culture of the exudate showed anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli which suggested that the gas generation in the blood was caused by Clostridia species. To the best our knowledge, this is the first report of a dialysis patient whose cause of death was determined as gas gangrene using PMCT.
Validating and assessing the oral health-related quality of life among Hungarian children with cleft lip and palate using Child-OIDP scale
Authors: Karki S. , Horváth J. , Laitala M.-L. , Vástyán A. , Nagy Á. , Sándor G. K. , Anttonen V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aims
To validate the Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance (Child-OIDP) in the Hungarian language and to explore the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and associated factors among Hungarian children with cleft lip or/and palate (CLP).

Methods
This cross-sectional study consists of a survey and clinical examination among conveniently selected children with CLP visiting the Pécs cleft lip and palate clinic, Pécs, Hungary. OHRQoL was assessed using the Hungarian version of Child-OIDP. Additionally, a validated structural questionnaire was used for gathering information related to oral hygiene practice. Clinical examination was done to register the dental status using ICDAS criteria, consequences of untreated dental caries (pufa), and bleeding on probing. Results were presented as proportions, means, and standard deviations (SD). Construct validity and internal reliability of the Hungarian Child-OIDP was assessed using the Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficients, respectively. The logistic regression model examined the association between OHRQoL and explanatory variables.

Results
A total of 45 children with CLP participated in this study. The Hungarian Child-OIDP had the Cronbach's alpha value 0.73, and the Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.31. The mean (SD) Child-OIDP score among the study participants was 4.4 (7.0) and three-fifths (65.9%, n = 27) of the participants reported impact in one or more items of the OHRQoL scale. Tooth brushing was more frequent among 6−10-year-olds compared to 11−16-year-olds. The proportion of those requiring restorative treatment need (DS ≥ 1) was 90.2% (n = 37), those with PUFA/pufa (score ≥ 1) was 24.4% (n = 10), and those with bleeding on probing (> 15%) was 63.4% (n = 26). Children aged 11–16 years had a higher impact on OHRQoL compared to the younger ones. Girls had a higher impact on OHRQoL compared to boys. Children with clefts involving both lip and palate had poorer OHRQoL than the rest. The same was true for those having a high dental caries rate.

Conclusion
The Hungarian Child-OIDP was a reliable and valid measure. There was a substantial impact on OHRQoL among Hungarian children and adolescents with CLP. Age, gender, cleft type and dental caries were associated with poor OHRQoL.
Quels enjeux pour l’inclusion des étudiants à besoins éducatifs particuliers dans l’enseignement supérieur français?
Authors: Sivilotti Lucas 
Published: April 2020

Malgré les politiques publiques françaises mises en place pour répondre aux besoins des étudiants en situation de handicap et la promulgation de lois en faveur de l’inclusion dans l’enseignement supérieur, de nombreux obstacles conduisant à l’exclusion sociale persistent. À partir d’une enquête sociologique par entretiens semi-directifs (n = 19) auprès de lycéens et étudiants atteints de maladie grave et chronique, cette contribution analyse l’impact de problèmes de santé des jeunes sur leur trajectoire estudiantine. L’objectif initial était d’identifier les manques et attentes de ces jeunes en situation de handicap en vue de proposer une réponse adaptée à leurs besoins, tout en prenant en compte les ressources existantes dans une démarche co-constructive. L’analyse de cette enquête montre qu’il existe un cloisonnement entre les niveaux sociaux des lycéens et étudiants malades. L’accompagnement des parents et la transition lycée/études supérieures sont obstrués par un manque de cohésion entre les institutions. L’approche systémique et polycentrée dans laquelle s’insèrent nos travaux nous amène à repenser la façon dont les trois milieux gravitant autour du jeune (éducatif, médical et familial) s’impactent entre eux. À l’issue de notre étude, il s’avère qu’une neutralité institutionnelle, sous la forme d’une aide humaine ayant une posture médiatrice, semble constituer une piste de réponse pertinente aux problématiques vécues par les étudiants atteints d’une maladie grave et chronique.
DDoS defence: new tactics for a rising shadow industry
Authors: Ray Terry 
Published: April 2020

From huge volumetric attacks to highly sophisticated application-level threats, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are getting smarter, more persistent and more dangerous than ever. Given today's threat landscape and the availability of inexpensive, ‘do it yourself’ DDoS tools, online businesses need to take DDoS mitigation seriously. Uptime is the lifeblood of modern business, but these attacks can cripple a website or online application in minutes, resulting in lost revenues, reputational damage and reduced customer confidence. From huge volumetric attacks to highly sophisticated application-level threats, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are getting smarter, more persistent and more dangerous. Online businesses need to take DDoS mitigation seriously. Uptime is the lifeblood of modern business, but these attacks can cripple a website or online application in minutes, resulting in lost revenues, reputational damage and reduced customer confidence. You need a solution that employs automation technology to detect attacks automatically within seconds, says Terry Ray of Imperva.
DECLINING LEGISLATIVE DISSENT IN CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL PARTY CONGRESS ELECTIONS
Authors: Li Tao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUsing a novel statistical method, we estimate the vote counts of the secret elections held by the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party from 1945 to 2017. We also construct a metric for voter preference diversity based on a standard index of legislative party fractionalization. We find that both the number of dissenting votes and the voter preference diversity index plummeted to the bottom in 2017, which is an unprecedented phenomenon in the party's history. Applying the same method to provincial party congress elections from 2006–2017, we find that provincial dissenting votes also declined around the same time, though the magnitude is relatively smaller and there is a wide range of provincial variations. We suggest that President Xi's suppression of formal party institutions is complete at the national level but not yet at the provincial level.
Chlorpyrifos degradation under the influence of climate factors and fertilizer regimes in a tropical vertisol
Authors: Kollah Bharati , Ahirwar Usha , Singh Neera , Dubey Garima , Patra Ashok , Mohanty Santosh Ranjan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiodegradation of chlorpyrifos under the influence of fertilizer application and climate factors such as elevated CO2, temperature and moisture was studied. Soybean was grown in control, inorganic, organic and integrated (both inorganic and organic) fertilized fields. Rhizospheric soils collected during the vegetative growth phase were amended with chlorpyrifos (10 μg/g soil) and incubated under different climate factors. The climate factors were CO2concentration (400, 800 ppm), temperature (25, 45°C) and moisture-holding capacity (60, 100%). Chlorpyrifos degradation rate varied from 0.28 to 0.65 μg/g soil/d. The abundance of 16S rRNA gene copies of eubacteria varied from 13 × 106to 7 × 105/g soil. Actinomycetes-specific 16S rRNA gene copies were in the range of 62.5 × 105to 18.5 × 103/g soil. Microbial abundance was high in organic amended soil and low in control soil irrespective of climate factors. Elevated CO2and high temperature inhibited (P< 0.05) chlorpyrifos degradation rate and the abundance of 16S rRNA genes of eubacteria and actinomycetes. Chlorpyrifos degradation followed as: organic > integrated > inorganic > control. The degradation rate was positively correlated (P< 0.01) with the soil organic C, available N, water-stable aggregates and mean weight diameter of the soil aggregates of soil. Principal component analysis denoted temperature and fertilizer as the major components of variation. The study highlights that elevated CO2and temperature affect chlorpyrifos biodegradation; however, the effect can be alleviated by the amendment of organic fertilizer.
Factors included in adult fall risk assessment tools (FRATs): a systematic review
Authors: de Clercq Hendrika , Naudé Alida , Bornman Juan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFalls often have severe financial and environmental consequences, not only for those who fall, but also for their families and society at large. Identifying fall risk in older adults can be of great use in preventing or reducing falls and fall risk, and preventative measures that are then introduced can help reduce the incidence and severity of falls in older adults. The overall aim of our systematic review was to provide an analysis of existing mechanisms and measures for evaluating fall risk in older adults. The 43 included FRATs produced a total of 493 FRAT items which, when linked to the ICF, resulted in a total of 952 ICF codes. The ICF domain with the most used codes was body function, with 381 of the 952 codes used (40%), followed by activities and participation with 273 codes (28%), body structure with 238 codes (25%) and, lastly, environmental and personal factors with only 60 codes (7%). This review highlights the fact that current FRATs focus on the body, neglecting environmental and personal factors and, to a lesser extent, activities and participation. This over-reliance on the body as the point of failure in fall risk assessment clearly highlights the need for gathering qualitative data, such as from focus group discussions with older adults, to capture the perspectives and views of the older adults themselves about the factors that increase their risk of falling and comparing these perspectives to the data gathered from published FRATs as described in this review.
Impact of adverse childhood experiences and fruit and vegetable intake in adulthood
Authors: Horino Masako , Yang Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and behaviours of fruit and vegetable consumption among adults.Design:Cross-sectional analysis. Weighted χ2 and weighted multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between ACE and low fruit and vegetable consumption.Setting:The 2017 Nevada Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.Participants:The sample consisted of 2939 adults.Results:After controlling for potential confounders, exposure to three or more ACE (adjusted OR (AOR) 1·42, 95 % CI 1·02, 2·00) and experiencing parental divorce/separation (AOR 1·50, 95 % CI 1·13, 1·98) were significantly associated with low fruit and vegetable consumption. The study did not find a dose–response relationship between the number of ACE and fruit and vegetable consumption.Conclusions:The study suggests that participants who experienced three or more ACE or parental divorce/separation were at increased risk for low fruit and vegetable consumption. The findings highlight the continuing need for public health interventions and policies that decrease exposure to ACE and increase fruit and vegetable intake among the populations with ACE.
Indigenous rights in the context of oil and gas pipelines in Canada: exposing naturalised power structures through a lens of intersectionality
Authors: Hurlbert Margot , Fletcher Amber J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSituated within the larger context of Canadian pipeline decisions, it is argued that pipeline proposals in a geography without pre-existing pipelines are unsuccessful in contrast to proposals repurposing and expanding existing pipelines. The Chippewas of the Thames (the ‘Chippewas’) unsuccessfully opposed Enbridge's expansion, reversal and repurposing to crude oil of the Line 9 pipeline in Ontario, Canada. Analysing the Chippewas’ case within the context of recent oil- and gas-pipeline developments, using a lens of intersectionality focused on identity markers of indigeneity, socio-economic status and geographical location, exposes the naturalised power structures of Canadian law. These structures include the legal institutions of real-property law, Crown ownership of wildlife and fish, implicit ‘standing’ of the economy and assimilation of indigenous rights. Exposing this dichotomy of indigenous rights on paper vs. in practice deepens the consideration of indigenous rights, potentially allowing intersecting oppressions to be addressed.
Examining the trimester-specific effects of low gestational weight gain on birthweight: the BOSHI study
Authors: Oba Mari S. , Murakami Yoshitaka , Satoh Michihiro , Murakami Takahisa , Ishikuro Mami , Obara Taku , Hoshi Kazuhiko , Imai Yutaka , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Metoki Hiroto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLow gestational weight gain (GWG) is a known risk factor of low birthweight. Although studies have previously examined the associations between GWG and birthweight, the period-specific effects of low GWG in each trimester remain unclear. This study aimed to quantify the trimester-specific direct effects of low GWG in Japanese women on birthweight. Using perinatal data from a cohort study, we analyzed pregnant women delivered at an obstetrics/gynecology hospital between October 2006 and May 2010. We focused on women with a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) below 25 kg/m2. The exposure was low GWG. The gestation period was subdivided into trimesters, and the direct effects of low trimester-specific GWG on birthweight were estimated using marginal structural models. These models were guided by a direct acyclic graph that incorporated potential confounders, including pre-pregnancy BMI, age, smoking during pregnancy, height, and parity. We analyzed 563 women and their families. The mean cumulative GWG by the end of the first, second, and third trimesters was 0.9, 6.2, and 10.7 kg, respectively. Approximately 14.0% of the women gained total weight below the range recommended by Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The direct effects of low GWG on birthweight were 65.9 g (95% confidence interval: 11.4, 120.5), −195.4 g (−263.4, −127.4), and −188.8 g (−292.0, −85.5) for the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Insufficient weight gain in the second and third trimesters had a negative impact on birthweight after adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI and other covariates.
Robust Multiyear Climate Impacts of Volcanic Eruptions in Decadal Prediction Systems
Authors: Hermanson Leon , Bilbao Roberto , Dunstone Nick , Ménégoz Martin , Ortega Pablo , Pohlmann Holger , Robson Jon I. , Smith Doug M. , Strand Gary , Timmreck Claudia , Yeager Steve , Danabasoglu Gokhan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMajor tropical volcanic eruptions have a large impact on climate, but there have only been three major eruptions during the recent relatively well‐observed period. Models are therefore an important tool to understand and predict the impacts of an eruption. This study uses five state‐of‐the‐art decadal prediction systems that have been initialized with the observed state before volcanic aerosols are introduced. The impact of the volcanic aerosols is found by subtracting the results of a reference experiment where the volcanic aerosols are omitted. We look for the robust impact across models and volcanoes by combining all the experiments, which helps reveal a signal even if it is weak in the models. The models used in this study simulate realistic levels of warming in the stratosphere, but zonal winds are weaker than the observations. As a consequence, models can produce a pattern similar to the North Atlantic Oscillation in the first winter following the eruption, but the response and impact on surface temperatures are weaker than in observations. Reproducing the pattern, but not the amplitude, may be related to a known model error. There are also impacts in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This work contributes toward improving the interpretation of decadal predictions in the case of a future large tropical volcanic eruption.
Impacts of Using State‐of‐the‐Art Multivariate Bias Correction Methods on Hydrological Modeling Over North America
Authors: Guo Qiang , Chen Jie , Zhang Xunchang John , Xu Chong‐Yu , Chen Hua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBias correction techniques are widely used to bridge the gap between climate model outputs and input requirements of hydrological models to assess the climate change impacts on hydrology. In addition to univariate bias correction methods, several multivariate bias correction methods were proposed recently, which can not only correct the biases in marginal distributions of individual climate variables but also properly adjust the biased intervariable correlations simulated by climate models. Due to the diversities of climate regime and climate model bias, hydrological simulation for watersheds under different climate conditions may show various sensitivities to the correction of intervariable correlations. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate (1) whether the correction of intervariable correlations has impacts on the hydrological modeling and (2) how these impacts vary with watersheds under different climate conditions. To achieve these goals, this study evaluates behaviors and their spatial variability of multiple state‐of‐the‐art multivariate bias correction methods in hydrological modeling over 2,840 watersheds distributed in different climate regimes in North America. The results show that, compared to using a quantile mapping univariate bias correction method, applying multivariate methods can improve the simulation of snow proportion, snowmelt, evaporation, and several streamflow variables. In addition, this improvement is more clear for watersheds with arid and warm temperate climates in southern regions, while it is limited for northern snow‐characterized watersheds. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of using multivariate bias correction methods instead of univariate methods in hydrological climate change impact studies, especially for watersheds with arid and warm temperate climates.
The platelet receptor CLEC-2 blocks neutrophil mediated hepatic recovery in acetaminophen induced acute liver failure
Authors: Chauhan Abhishek , Sheriff Lozan , Hussain Mohammed T. , Webb Gwilym J. , Patten Daniel A. , Shepherd Emma L. , Shaw Robert , Weston Christopher J. , Haldar Debashis , Bourke Samuel , Bhandari Rajan , Watson Stephanie , Adams David H. , Watson Steve P. , Lalor Patricia F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of acute liver failure in the West. Specific efficacious therapies for acute liver failure (ALF) are limited and time-dependent. The mechanisms that drive irreversible acute liver failure remain poorly characterized. Here we report that the recently discovered platelet receptor CLEC-2 (C-type lectin-like receptor) perpetuates and worsens liver damage after toxic liver injury. Our data demonstrate that blocking platelet CLEC-2 signalling enhances liver recovery from acute toxic liver injuries (APAP and carbon tetrachloride) by increasing tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production which then enhances reparative hepatic neutrophil recruitment. We provide data from humans and mice demonstrating that platelet CLEC-2 influences the hepatic sterile inflammatory response and that this can be manipulated for therapeutic benefit in acute liver injury. Since CLEC-2 mediated platelet activation is independent of major haemostatic pathways, blocking this pathway represents a coagulopathy-sparing, specific and novel therapy in acute liver failure.