bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Parkinson Disease Through Facial Expression Recognition: Video Analysis
Authors: Jin Bo , Qu Yue , Zhang Liang , Gao Zhan 
Published: April 2020

Background
The number of patients with neurological diseases is currently increasing annually, which presents tremendous challenges for both patients and doctors. With the advent of advanced information technology, digital medical care is gradually changing the medical ecology. Numerous people are exploring new ways to receive a consultation, track their diseases, and receive rehabilitation training in more convenient and efficient ways. In this paper, we explore the use of facial expression recognition via artificial intelligence to diagnose a typical neurological system disease, Parkinson disease (PD).

Objective
This study proposes methods to diagnose PD through facial expression recognition.

Methods
We collected videos of facial expressions of people with PD and matched controls. We used relative coordinates and positional jitter to extract facial expression features (facial expression amplitude and shaking of small facial muscle groups) from the key points returned by Face++. Algorithms from traditional machine learning and advanced deep learning were utilized to diagnose PD.

Results
The experimental results showed our models can achieve outstanding facial expression recognition ability for PD diagnosis. Applying a long short-term model neural network to the positions of the key features, precision and F1 values of 86% and 75%, respectively, can be reached. Further, utilizing a support vector machine algorithm for the facial expression amplitude features and shaking of the small facial muscle groups, an F1 value of 99% can be achieved.

Conclusions
This study contributes to the digital diagnosis of PD based on facial expression recognition. The disease diagnosis model was validated through our experiment. The results can help doctors understand the real-time dynamics of the disease and even conduct remote diagnosis.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and Antibodies in Diverse Samples: Protocol to Validate the Sufficiency of Provider-Observed, Home-Collected Blood, Saliva, and Oropharyngeal Samples
Authors: Sullivan Patrick Sean , Sailey Charles , Guest Jodie Lynn , Guarner Jeannette , Kelley Colleen , Siegler Aaron Julius , Valentine-Graves Mariah , Gravens Laura , del Rio Carlos , Sanchez Travis Howard 
Published: April 2020

Background
The response in the United States to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been hampered by a lack of aggressive testing for the infection. Testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cornerstone of an effective public health response. However, efforts to test have been hampered by limited reagents, limitations in the availability of swabs used for the collection of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens, limitations in personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care providers collecting the NPS specimens, and limitations in viral transport media for transporting the specimens. Therefore, more flexible options for screening for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serologic responses are critical to inform clinical and public health responses.

Objective
We aim to document the ability of patients to self-collect sufficient specimens for SARS-CoV-2 viral detection and serology.

Methods
Patient self-collection of samples will be done with observation by a health care provider during a telemedicine session. Participants will be mailed a specimen collection kit, engage in a telehealth session with a provider through a HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996)-compliant video meeting, and collect specimens while being observed by the provider. Providers will record whether they are confident in the suitability of the specimen for laboratory testing that would inform clinical decision making. We will objectively assess the sufficiency of biological material in the mailed-in specimens.

Results
The protocol was approved by the Emory University Institutional Review Board (IRB) on March 30, 2020 (Protocol number 371). To date, we have enrolled 159 participants.

Conclusions
Defining a conceptual framework for assessing the sufficiency of patient-collected samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serologic responses to infection is critical for facilitating public health responses and providing PPE-sparing options to increase testing. Validation of alternative methods of specimen collection should include objective measures of the sufficiency of specimens for testing. A strong evidence base for diversifying testing modalities will improve tools to guide public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 Mobile Positioning Data Contact Tracing and Patient Privacy Regulations: Exploratory Search of Global Response Strategies and the Use of Digital Tools in Nigeria
Authors: Ekong Iniobong , Chukwu Emeka , Chukwu Martha 
Published: April 2020

Background
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the biggest global economic and health challenge of the century. Its effect and impact are still evolving, with deaths estimated to reach 40 million if unchecked. One effective and complementary strategy to slow the spread and reduce the impact is to trace the primary and secondary contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases using contact tracing technology.

Objective
The objective of this paper is to survey strategies for digital contact tracing for the COVID-19 pandemic and to present how using mobile positioning data conforms with Nigeria’s data privacy regulations.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory review of current measures for COVID-19 contact tracing implemented around the world. We then analyzed how countries are using mobile positioning data technology to reduce the spread of COVID-19. We made recommendations on how Nigeria can adopt this approach while adhering to the guidelines provided by the National Data Protection Regulation (NDPR).

Results
Despite the potential of digital contact tracing, it always conflicts with patient data privacy regulations. We found that Nigeria’s response complies with the NDPR, and that it is possible to leverage call detail records to complement current strategies within the NDPR.

Conclusions
Our study shows that mobile position data contact tracing is important for epidemic control as long as it conforms to relevant data privacy regulations. Implementation guidelines will limit data misuse.
PERBANDINGAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS DAN K-MEDOIDS DALAM KLASTERISASI PRODUK ASURANSI PERUSAHAAN NASIONAL
Authors: Farahdinna Frenda , Nurdiansyah Irfan , Suryani Apriati , Wibowo Arief 
Published: April 2020

Asuransi mempunyai peran penting dalam rangka mengalihkan resiko, baik resiko bisnis maupun non bisnis. Asuransi merupakan suatu lembaga ekonomi yang bertujuan mengurangi resiko, dengan menggabungkan sejumlah unit-unit yang mempunyai resiko sama atau hampir sama dalam jumlah memadai, agar probabilitas dapat disalurkan kepada unit yang mengalami resiko. Dalam asuransi terdapat istilah premi, dimana premi tersebut berada pada hak dari pemilik asuransi dalam pembayaran premi tersebut. Perusahaan asuransi nasional yang menjadi obyek penelitian ini menyediakan berbagai produk asuransi yang memiliki beberapa variabel seperti nilai premi, jumlah nasabah dan tahun rilis dari produk. Diperlukan suatu teknik yang dapat mengelompokan produk-produk asuransi dengan tujuan mempermudah perusahaan dalam melihat produk-produk unggulan dan memilih produk yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan nasabah. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu melakukan analisis dan pengolahan data dengan membandingkan metode K-Means dan K-Medoids dalam klasterisasi produk asuransi perusahaan nasional. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, jika dibandingkan metode K-Means dengan K-Medoids maka metode K-Means lebih optimal dilihat dari nilai Davies Boldin Index (DBI) terendah 0,018 dengan k=5, tahun rilis 2004, premi Rp. 7.500.000 dan jumlah nasabah sebanyak 392 nasabah.
Analisa sistem perawatan pada mesin las MIG dengan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: Studi kasus di PT. TE
Authors: Prasmoro Alloysius Vendhi 
Published: April 2020

Maintenance is a process that is done to maintain the reliability, availability and the nature of being able to take care of the components or machines. Maintenance program that will effectively and efficiently support the increase in productivity of production systems. But often ignored the needs of actual maintenance program of components or machines. To get the program effective and efficient maintenance required maintenance study based on reliability. Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) is a systematic risk-based analysis to create a maintenance method accurate, focused, and optimal with the aim of achieving optimal reliability of assets. RCM studies have been done on the machinery industry, one welding machine industry, carrosserie. The study was conducted by following these RCM, which is the determination of the scope of the study, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), and the determination of the maintenance strategy. Analysis of the risk based on risk matrix drawn up through consensus of all stakeholders. Risk matrix covers the areas the incidence (occurrence), detection, as well as the level of risk (severity). Subsequently based on this calculated risk matrix Risk Priority Number (RPN). Based on the RPN value, a maintenance strategy is proposed for each type of failure mode. The whole process is aided by the use of RCM software Minitab 18 made specifically for this purpose. This study results that the value of the RPN for all equipment ranges from 72 to 900.Study of the RCM have also managed to establish a maintenance strategy appropriate for each failure mode, which provided the basis for drafting the new maintenance program.
Perbandingan Kadar Albumin Ikan Gabus (Channa striata) dari Proses Perebusan dan Pengukusan dengan Menggunakan Uji Biuret
Authors: Suardi Sulfitri , Bahri Syaiful , Khairuddin  , Sumarni Ni Ketut , Rahim Erwin Abdul 
Published: April 2020

Cork Fish (Channa striata) is a freshwater fish that was spread throughout most of Indonesia and it contains albumin that was beneficial to the human body. Albumin was easily dissolved in water during the cooking process both boiled and steamed. This study aims to determine the influence of boiling and steaming times at 100oC against albumin content of cork fish that lost and left in fish meat. The times of boiling and steaming that was used to processing the fish were 10, 15, and 20 minutes. The albumin concentration that lost and left in for the boiling and the steaming process was determined by the biuret test that used a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at albumin maximum wavelength of 530 nm. The results showed that albumin content that lost for 10 minutes boiling process (62 mg/10g) was smaller than the other boiling times and albumin left in fish meat was 164 mg/10g. The same result was also obtained at 10 minutes steaming process which results left in albumin content of 167 mg/10g and lost albumin of 62 mg/10g. The albumin content that lost or dissolved in water for the steaming process was smaller than the boiling process, therefore the steaming process is more efficient than the boiling process at cork fish processing.
Keywords: Cork fish, albumin, boiling, steaming.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dari Kulit Batang Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli
Authors: Cholifah Nurul , Ridhay Ahmad , Satrimafitrah Pasjan , Ruslan  , Ys Hardi 
Published: April 2020

Antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. stem bark has been tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extraction of Moringa oleifera Lam. stem bark was used maceration method with methanol solvent and has obtained extract yield of 6.1%. The antibacterial activity test of Moringa oleifera stem bark extracts used a well diffusion method. The concentration of Moringa oleifera stem bark extract was varied to four concentrations of 1% 2% 3% 4% (w/v). The inhibition zone of methanol extract of Moringa oleifera stem bark against Staphylococcus aureus at extract concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% was 10.08 mm, 11.8 mm, 15.00 mm, and 17.02 mm, respectively. The methanol extract of Moringa oleifera stem bark at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% could also inhibition of Escherichia coli growth with inhibition zone of 14.01 mm, 16.50 mm, 17.09 mm, and 17.10 mm, respectively.
Keywords: Moringa Oleifera Lam., Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
Analisis Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Etanol Buah Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis
Authors: Tandi Joni , Melinda Bella , Purwantari Anita , Widodo Agustinus 
Published: April 2020

This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites and the levels of total secondary metabolites in ethanol extract of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) fruit with UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) fruit extract was prepared by maceration method with 96% ethanol. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator that followed by a qualitative test for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins using suitable reagents with the test parameters, while for the qualitative assay using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Qualitative analysis of alkaloids using test parameters of total alkaloids equivalent to quinine, flavonoid using parameter of total flavonoids equivalent to quercetin, saponin using parameters of standard saponins total from the Quillaja Bark, and tannin using test parameters of total tannins equivalent to tannic acid. Qualitative test results indicated that the ethanol extract of Okra fruit tested positive for alkaloids content wich characterized by the orange deposition, flavonoids characterized by the formation of an orange-yellow color, a stable foam for saponins and tannins marked in black. The quantitative analysis resulted alkaloids of 2228.06 mg/gram, flavonoids of 2.79 mg/gram, saponins of 10.03 mg/gram, and tannins of 1973.27 mg/gram.
Keywords: Okra fruit, secondary metabolites, UV- Vis spectrophotometry, qualitative, quantitative.
The Relationship between Learned Helplessness and Social skills among Students with Learning Disabilities in the Primary Stage
Authors: Al-Harthi Sobhi S. 
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between learned helplessness and social skills among students with learning disabilities at primary stage in Taif. A random sample of 149 male and 49 female grades four and five students with learning disabilities in reading and mathematics was selected. The researcher used two scales the learned helplessness scale by (Sorrenti, Filippello, Costa and Buzzai, 2014) and the social skills scale by (Danielson and Phelps, 2003). The results showed that females of learned helplessness (20.40%) were higher than males (12.08%). The results revealed that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between learned helplessness and social skills. There are statistically significant differences between males and females in the degrees of learned helplessness in favor of females. Also, the results show that there are statistically significant differences between males and females in the scores of social skills in favor of females. However, there are no statistically significant differences between those with reading disabilities and those with mathematics learning disabilities in the degrees of learning helplessness. Moreover, there are no differences between those with reading disabilities and those with mathematics learning disabilities in the second dimension of the social skills scale (acceptance and admiration of others) and the third dimension (social naivety). However, there are differences between those with reading disabilities and those with mathematics learning disabilities in the first dimensions and the total score of the social skills scale in favor of those with mathematics learning disabilities.
Use of the Premix of Atrazine, Bicyclopyrone, S-Metolachlor, and Mesotrione for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Grichar W. James , Nolte Scott A. , Matocha Matthew E. , Baumann Paul , Bell Jourdan M. 
Published: April 2020

Field studies were conducted under conventional tillage from 2014 through the 2018 growing seasons in central, south-central, and the Panhandle regions of Texas to determine corn tolerance and weed efficacy of the four-way premix of atrazine plus bicyclopyrone plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor (hereafter referred to as ABMS). No corn injury was noted at any location with any ABMS dose or application timing. Preemergence (PRE) applications of ABMS at 2.41 kg ha-1 controlled Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) 73 to 100% while smellmelon (Cucumis melo L.) control was 100%. Annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) control with ABMS at 2.41 kg ha-1 was 86% while a split application applied PRE followed by a postemergence (POST) application provided 99% control. Texas millet (Urochloa texana Buckl.) control with ABMS applied PRE ranged from 12 to 35% while broadleaf signalgrass (Brachiaria platyphylla [Griseb.] Nash) control was 100%. Browntop panicum [Urochloa fasciculate (Sw.) R. Webster] control with a PRE application of ABMS at 2.41 kg ai ha-1 was < 82% while jungle rice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link] control was 98%. Control of a kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) with PRE applications of ABMS at 2.41 kg ha-1 was 95% while the split rate of 1.2 kg ha-1 applied PRE and POST provided 99% control. Corn yields were variable but in most instances all herbicide treatments improved yield over the untreated check. Excellent control of broadleaf weeds was observed with ABMS; however, annual grass control can be variable, especially with large-seeded annual grasses such as Texas millet.
Techniques for Improving Ultrasound Visualization of Biopsy Markers in Axillary Lymph Nodes
Authors: Lee Christine , Zhou Chenyun , Hyde Brenda , Song Pengfei , Hangiandreou Nicholas 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
Biopsy markers are often placed into biopsy-proven metastatic axillary lymph nodes to ensure later accurate node excision. Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality in the axilla. However, sonographic identification of biopsy markers after neoadjuvant therapy can be challenging. This is due to poor conspicuity relative to surrounding parenchymal interfaces, treatment-related alteration of malignant morphology during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or extrusion of the marker from the target. To the authors’ knowledge, the literature provides no recommendations for ultrasound scanning parameters that improve the detection of biopsy markers. The purpose of this manuscript is 3-fold: (1) To determine scanning parameters that improve sonographic conspicuity of biopsy markers in a phantom and cadaver model; (2) to implement these scanning parameters in the clinical setting; and (3) to provide strategies that might increase the likelihood of successful ultrasound detection of biopsy markers in breast imaging practices.

Materials and Methods:
An ex vivo study was performed using a phantom designed to simulate the heterogeneity of normal mammary or axillary soft tissues. A selection of available biopsy markers was deployed into this phantom and ultrasound (GE LOGIQ E9) was performed. Scanning parameters were adjusted to optimize marker conspicuity. For the cadaver study, the biopsy markers were deployed using ultrasound guidance into axillary lymph nodes of a female cadaver. Adjustments in transducer frequency, dynamic range, cross-beam (spatial compound imaging), beam steering, speckle reduction imaging, harmonic imaging, colorization, and speed of sound were evaluated. Settings that improved marker detection were used clinically for a year.

Results:
Sonographic scanning settings that improved biopsy marker conspicuity included increasing transducer frequency, decreasing dynamic range, setting cross-beam to medium hybrid, turning on beam steering, and setting speckle reduction imaging in the mid-range. There was no appreciable improvement with harmonic imaging, colorization, or speed of sound.

Conclusion:
On a currently available clinical ultrasound scanning system, ultrasound scanning parameters can be adjusted to improve the conspicuity of biopsy markers. Overall, optimization requires a balance between techniques that clinically increase contrast (dynamic range, harmonic imaging, and steering) and those that minimize graininess (spatial compound imaging, speckle reduction imaging, and steering). Additional scanning and procedural strategies have been provided to improve the confidence of sonographic detection of biopsy markers closely associated with the intended target.
Surgical treatment of a rare rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor in the pineal region
Authors: Muhammad Sajjad , Hafez Ahmad , Karppinen Atte , Niemelä Mika 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors (RGNTs) in the pineal region are rare. RGNTs have been described in the fourth ventricle, but rarely reported in other brain regions. Here, we report the radiological findings, surgical treatment, and short-term outcome of an RGNT found in the pineal region.

Case Description:
We present a case of a 22-year-old medical student with a 4-month history of headaches and diplopia. A previous magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a mass in the pineal region, with heterogeneous contrast enhancement and hydrocephalus. Three months prior, an endoscopic biopsy and third ventriculocisternostomy were performed elsewhere; the diagnosis was neurocytoma Grade I, and radiotherapy was planned. The patient presented at our hospital for a second opinion, and we suggested surgical treatment. A near-total resection was performed in sitting position using a supracerebellar infratentorial microsurgical approach. The tumor was very soft and not well vascularized. Diplopia was initially worsened after the tumor was removed and relieved completely after 2 weeks. An 8-week follow-up examination revealed that the patient was free of symptoms. Histological analysis confirmed it was an RGNT.

Conclusion:
Maximal safe resection in pineal region RGNTs is a feasible and recommended treatment option.
o ESCALA DE SATISFAÇÃO COM A EXPERIÊNCIA ACADÊMICA DOS ESTUDANTES DO IFMG – PIUMHI
Authors: Costa Higor Rodriges Silva , Costa Pedro Henrique da , Chaves Tales Junio Costa , Soares Denilson Junio Marques 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o grau de satisfação dos estudantes do curso de Bacharelado em Engenharia Civil do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais (IFMG) - Campus Avançado Piumhi. O estudo, de caráter analítico-descritivo, foi desenvolvido a partir de dados qualitativos, levantados através de um questionário composto por 20 perguntas selecionadas da Escala de Satisfação com a Experiência Acadêmica (ESEA), sendo 7 referentes ao Campus, 6 ao curso de Engenharia Civil e 7 às oportunidade de desenvolvimento ofertadas, todas em escala Likert de cinco pontos. A amostra foi composta por 122 estudantes e as análises realizadas com o auxílio dos softwares Excel e R. Entre os resultados obtidos destacam-se o atendimento e clareza das informações oferecidas pelos funcionários da biblioteca (4,082), o compromisso da instituição com a qualidade de formação (4,041) e relacionamento com os professores (4,041) com maior grau de satisfação, em contra partida a satisfação com a velocidade da internet (2,164) e diversidade das atividades extracurriculares oferecidas pela instituição (3,000) tiveram baixos índices de satisfação. A confiabilidade do questionário foi verificada através do coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach. Espera-se que este trabalho sirva como um instrumento de difusão das opiniões dos discentes do Campus e auxilie na avaliação da eficácia institucional no âmbito educacional.