bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Optimization of Agro-industrial Wastes for Conidial Production of Metarhizium anisopliae isolates under Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Abiy Tewelde , Tesfaye Alemu 
Published: November 2019

Metarhizium anisopliae is known to cause high level of epizootics for more than 200 insect species in versatile agro-ecologies. Concerns on environmental pollution and resistance development to chemical insecticides need environmentally safe and economically viable approaches. Therefore, here we investigate a cheap and large scale industrial production of virulent enthomopathogenes on agricultural wastes. Three Metarhizium anisopliae isolates were grown on agricultural wastes to evaluate their conidia production potential under Solid state fermentation (SSF) technique. Coffee husk, tea waste, wheat bran and vegetable wastes were used as substrates to determine their capability for maximum conidiation of the isolates. Among these, vegetable wastes were the best media to yield 5.80 ±0.72 (107), 4.44±0.55 (107) and 5.58±0.66 (107) conidia/gram of substrate under quantitative assessment for isolate AUMI1, AUMI2 and AUMI3 respectively, at 60% moisture content. Statistically on two sample t-test vegetable wastes shows significant difference in conidia production when compared to 2 mm and 4 mm sized coffee husk used as substrates. The optimization for temperature indicated that all substrates supported their maximum conidia yield within 27 – 300C range of temperature. The 3.5 pH value used in the present study for optimization was best favored only for coffee husk as substrate. The high conidia yielding substrates were best productive at pH 6.29, 6.63 and 5.4 for vegetable wastes, wheat bran and tea waste, respectively. All isolates incubated on wheat bran was highly productive under sufficient exposure to light. AUMI1 produced high conidia under exposure to light while the higher yield of AUMI2 and AUMI3 was produced under dark condition on vegetable wastes. Therefore, as successful microbial control of insect pests depends on large scale and cheap industrial productivity, cultivation on vegetable wastes and wheat bran under SSF can be a plausible solution.
From echoes of silence to whispers of hope: A journey with survivors of sexual violence
Authors: Fernandes Pearl Cioza , Aiello Yvette 
Published: October 2019

This paper outlines the narratives of a female and male survivor of sexual violence. It draws attention to the benefits of assisting survivors break their silence as a strategy to overcome the sequelae of shame that accompanies these acts. The two cases illustrate that both men and women experience sexual violation as de-humanising and assisting them to access and make meaning of their memories can be empowering. The need to develop a screening tool to assist survivors access treatment in a timely manner and further develop appropriate strategies incorporating both individual and group sessions is highlighted.
A problematic Israeli High Court dismissal of a torture complaint. A commentary by Hans Draminsky Petersen, MD
Authors: Petersen Hans Draminsky 
Published: October 2019

It is not for the documenting medical experts (Shir, 2019), but for the court to decide whether the level of pain and suffering inflicted reaches the threshold of torture [while disregarding ill-treatment], i.e., the court upholds the prerogative to apply its own interpretation of the definition of torture, no matter existing medical evidence and disregarding the Istanbul Protocol. The criteria used to determine the level of FT's pain and suffering does not appear in the ruling.
The ruling states that the burden of proof that the "means" were not reasonable [constituting torture] falls upon the petitioner (para 36). In the light of the above (1, a-h) this is in practice impossible for the petitioner to establish. This aligns with Shir’s statement that no ISA interrogator has been indicted in 1200 torture complaints.
The 6/24 rule: A review and proposal for an international standard of a minimum of six hours of continuous sleep in detention settings
Authors: Pérez-Sales Pau 
Published: October 2019

Sleep deprivation is one of the most prevalent and widely used methods of psychological torture. Its effects on the body are without direct physical aggression and include significant somatic and psychological impacts and suffering. It is used in multiple coercive environments as a way, among other purposes, of degradation, debilitation, punishment or before and during the interrogation of detainees. In this specific context, it produces cognitive, emotional and physical exhaustion, with the aim of obtaining submission or compliance, and ultimately information or confession (Pérez-Sales, 2017; Reynolds & Banks, 2010; Sveaass, 2008).
There is no universally accepted legal definition of what should be considered sleep deprivation in the context of torture. There are however converging positions from the legal and jurisprudential, and especially medical and psychiatric fields that allow for establishing sufficiently clear recommendations for the international community to take a reasoned stance. Within the framework of torture as defined in the United Nations Convention (UNCAT), intentionally forcing a person to have less than 6 hours of continuous, restful sleep must be considered a form of degrading treatment that could amount to cruel and inhuman treatment. We also suggest that when this daily sleep deprivation is intentionally prolonged in a sustained manner for three days or more, it should be considered as a form of torture in itself, irrespective of other coexisting or cumulative elements that may aggravate the condition.
Emerging Applications of Elemental 2D Materials
Authors: Glavin Nicholas R. , Rao Rahul , Varshney Vikas , Bianco Elisabeth , Apte Amey , Roy Ajit , Ringe Emilie , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs elemental main group materials (i.e., silicon and germanium) have dominated the field of modern electronics, their monolayer 2D analogues have shown great promise for next‐generation electronic materials as well as potential game‐changing properties for optoelectronics, energy, and beyond. These atomically thin materials composed of single atomic variants of group III through group VI elements on the periodic table have already demonstrated exciting properties such as near‐room‐temperature topological insulation in bismuthene, extremely high electron mobilities in phosphorene and silicone, and substantial Li‐ion storage capability in borophene. Isolation of these materials within the postgraphene era began with silicene in 2010 and quickly progressed to the experimental identification or theoretical prediction of 15 of the 18 main group elements existing as solids at standard pressure and temperatures. This review first focuses on the significance of defects/functionalization, discussion of different allotropes, and overarching structure–property relationships of 2D main group elemental materials. Then, a complete review of emerging applications in electronics, sensing, spintronics, plasmonics, photodetectors, ultrafast lasers, batteries, supercapacitors, and thermoelectrics is presented by application type, including detailed descriptions of how the material properties may be tailored toward each specific application.
Morbidity and mortality associated with ventral skull base surgery: analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Singh Roshansa , Siddiqui Sana H. , Choi Yonghee , Azmy Monica C. , Patel Nirali M. , Grube Jordon G. , Hsueh Wayne D. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundVentral skull base (VSB) surgery has associated morbidity and mortality that is poorly defined. In this study we aim to identify factors associated with adverse events in VSB surgery.MethodsWe queried the database of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for cases of VSB surgery during the period 2005‐2014. Patients with complications, readmissions, reoperations, or mortality were compared to those without adverse events.ResultsNine hundred patients were included; 253 (28.1%) had complications, underwent reoperation, were readmitted, or died. These patients were older (42.6% vs 32.8, p = 0.032) and had higher rates of congestive heart failure (CHF) (3.2% vs 0.2%, p < 0.0001), disseminated cancer (8.3% vs 4.6%, p = 0.032), and preoperative sepsis (8.7% vs 2.2%, p < 0.0001). Other comorbidities included long‐term steroid use (13.4% vs 9.0%, p = 0.046) and higher rates of preoperative transfusion (2.4% vs 0%, p < 0.0001). The most common complication was bleeding (13.7%). Preoperative systemic sepsis (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0‐6.6) and lower hematocrit (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4‐3.4) were more likely to be associated with a complication. Those with disseminated cancer (OR, 12.0; 95% CI, 2.9‐50.5) were more likely to experience 30‐day mortality. Black patients had lower rates of reoperation (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1‐0.8), whereas patients with CHF (OR, 12.6; 95% CI, 1.7‐94.4) and hypertension (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1‐4.0) had higher rates of reoperation. Predictors of extended length of stay were Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2‐4.1) and lower hematocrit (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.5‐3.6).ConclusionVSB surgery can involve significant morbidity and mortality, and thus identifying risk factors allows for better prognostication and delivery of care in these patients.
Die globale Gesundheitsbelastung durch Bauwerksversagen
Authors: Proske Dirk 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird die globale Gesundheitsbelastung durch Bauwerksversagen bestimmt. Dazu werden mittlere Verhältnisse von Bauwerken zu Einwohnern ermittelt und auf die Gesamtbevölkerung, unterteilt in Industrieländer und Entwicklungsländer, angewendet. Basierend auf bekannten Einsturzhäufigkeiten von Bauwerken werden daraus mittlere jährliche weltweite Einsturzhäufigkeiten von Bauwerken errechnet. Aus den mittleren Opferzahlen werden dann weltweite Opferzahlen geschätzt, wobei nicht nur Todesopfer, sondern auch Verletzte berücksichtigt werden. Diese Opferzahlen werden in „Verlorene Lebensjahre“ umgerechnet. Dieser Parameter wird häufig als Maß für ein Gesundheitsrisiko verwendet. Darüber hinaus wird auch noch der Gewinn an Lebensjahren abgeschätzt.
Electrochemical Performance Optimization of Layered P2‐Type Na0.67MnO2 through Simultaneous Mn‐Site Doping and Nanostructure Engineering
Authors: Peng Bo , Sun Zhihao , Jiao Shuhong , Wang Gongrui , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries are considered as the most promising candidates for grid‐level energy storage applications due to its unique features of much lower cost and comparable energy density to lithium ion batteries. However, searching for suitable cathode materials with high capacity and good cycling stability are still the bottleneck issues due to the involved unmanageable phase transitions and difficult morphology control. Herein, unique fullerene‐like hollow polyhedrons of P2‐type Na0.67Ni0.15Mn0.85O2 cathode were successfully synthesized via a facile and scalable self‐template strategy, where largely enhanced electrochemical properties can be achieved compared to its bulk counterpart. It can deliver a high specific capacity of 101 mAh g−1 after 120 cycles at a rate of 100 mA g−1, reaching an excellent capacity retention of 96.8 %. The possible origins of the enhanced performance were further analyzed to be the synergistic effect of hollow interior and novel morphology of the polyhedron, leading to well exposed (002) planes, shorter diffusion path and better structural robust. Importantly, the full battery without pre‐sodiation treatment could deliver a high energy density of 133.1 Wh kg−1 based on the total mass of cathode and anode, which sheds a new light for designing high energy density sodium‐ion full batteries.
Increased risk for other cancers in individuals with Ewing sarcoma and their relatives
Authors: Abbott Diana , O'Brien Schuyler , Farnham James M. , Young Erin L. , Yap Jeffrey , Jones Kevin , Lessnick Stephen L. , Randall R. Lor , Schiffman Joshua D. , Cannon‐Albright Lisa A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are few reports of the association of other cancers with Ewing sarcoma in patients and their relatives. We use a resource combining statewide genealogy and cancer reporting to provide unbiased risks.MethodsUsing a combined genealogy of 2.3 million Utah individuals and the Utah Cancer Registry (UCR), relative risks (RRs) for cancers of other sites were estimated in 143 Ewing sarcoma patients using a Cox proportional hazards model with matched controls; however, risks in relatives were estimated using internal cohort‐specific cancer rates in first‐, second‐, and third‐degree relatives.ResultsCancers of three sites (breast, brain, complex genotype/karyotype sarcoma) were observed in excess in Ewing sarcoma patients. No Ewing sarcoma patients were identified among first‐, second‐, or third‐degree relatives of Ewing sarcoma patients. Significantly increased risk for brain, lung/bronchus, female genital, and prostate cancer was observed in first‐degree relatives. Significantly increased risks were observed in second‐degree relatives for breast cancer, nonmelanoma eye cancer, malignant peripheral nerve sheath cancer, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and translocation sarcomas. Significantly increased risks for stomach cancer, prostate cancer, and acute lymphocytic leukemia were observed in third‐degree relatives.ConclusionsThis analysis of risk for cancer among Ewing sarcoma patients and their relatives indicates evidence for some increased cancer predisposition in this population which can be used to individualize consideration of potential treatment of patients and screening of patients and relatives.
Anthropomorphizing brands: The role of attributed brand traits in interactive CSR communication and consumer online endorsements
Authors: van Prooijen Anne‐Marie , Bartels Jos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConsumers tend to relate to brands in similar ways as they relate to individuals and groups. However, relatively little is known about the attribution of human traits to brands in online contexts. The current research focused on the role of attributed brand traits in interactive corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication and positive electronic word‐of‐mouth intentions. Results of an online survey (N = 174) revealed that higher levels of perceived interactivity were associated with stronger attributions of morality, sociability, and competence traits to brands. Yet only attributed brand morality was associated with consumers' willingness to endorse the brand and its CSR message on social networking sites. These findings underline the importance of brands' openness to dialogue regarding the promotion of CSR activities. Furthermore, these findings suggest that consumers are most likely to feel that brands can represent their identity when brand morality is considered to be high.
Evaluation of chiral separation efficiency of a novel OTPTHE derivatization reagent: Applications to liquid‐chromatographic determination of DL‐serine in human plasma
Authors: Han Yu , Jin Mei‐Na , Xu Chun‐Yan , Qian Qing , Nan Jun , Jin Toufeng , Min Jun Zhe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel chiral derivatization reagent, the N‐[1‐oxo‐5‐(triphenylphosphonium)pentyl]‐ (R)‐1,3‐thiazolidinyl‐4‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester bromide salt (OTPTHE), was developed for the separation and selective detection of chiral DL‐amino acids by RP‐HPLC analysis. The OTPTHE reacted with DL‐amino acids at 60°C maintained for 30 minutes in the presence of 100 mM borate buffer (pH 9.5). The separability of the diastereomeric derivatives was evaluated in terms of the resolution value (Rs) using 13 kinds of DL‐amino acids, which were completely separated by reversed‐phase chromatography using C18 column at 254 nm. The Rs of the DL‐amino acids varied from 1.62 to 2.51. As for the application of the DL‐amino acids, the determination of DL‐Ser in the human plasma of healthy volunteers was performed based on our developed method. It was shown that linear calibrations were available with high coefficients of correlation (r2 > 0.9997). The limit of detection (S/N = 3) of the DL‐Ser enantiomers was 5.0 pmol; the relative standard deviations of the intraday and interday variations were below 4.56%; the accuracy ranged between 95.40%‐110.06% and 95.45%‐109.80%, respectively; the mean recoveries (%) of the DL‐Ser spiked in the human plasma were 99.49%‐103.74%. The amounts of DL‐Ser in the human plasma of healthy volunteers were determined.
Synthesis and chiroptical properties of organometallic complexes of helicenic N‐heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Hafedh Nesrine , Favereau Ludovic , Caytan Elsa , Roisnel Thierry , Jean Marion , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Aloui Faouzi , Crassous Jeanne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNovel [4, 6]helicenes (4a,b) bearing a fused imidazolium unit have been prepared from [4, 6]helicene‐2,3‐di‐n‐propyl‐amines 3a,b. The in situ formation of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) derivatives followed by their complexation to iridium(I) or rhodium(I) gave access to complexes 1a, 1′a, and 1b, containing mono‐coordinated helicene‐NHC, chloro and COD (COD = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) ligands. Ir and Rh complexes 1a and 1′a were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. HPLC and NMR analyses showed that Ir(I) complex 1b existed as a mixture of two diastereomeric complexes corresponding to enantiomeric pairs M‐(−)/P‐(+)‐1b1 and M‐(−)/P‐(+)‐1b2 which differ by the position of COD through space. The chiroptical properties (electronic circular dichroism and optical rotation) of the four stereoisomers were measured. These complexes were also tested as catalysts in a transfer hydrogenation reaction.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Thermogravimetric analysis—TGA
Authors: Saadatkhah Nooshin , Carillo Garcia Adrián , Ackermann Sarah , Leclerc Philippe , Latifi Mohammad , Samih Said , Patience Gregory S. , Chaouki Jamal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a quantitative analytical technique that monitors the mass of a sample from 1 mg to several g as a furnace ramps temperature to as high as 1600°C under a stable or changing gas flow. The first gravimetric test was in 27 BC when Vitruvius measured limestone's change of mass as it calcined to lime. In modern chemical engineering, researchers apply the technique to derive conversions, kinetics, and mechanisms for any process with a change of mass by isothermal, non‐isothermal, and quasi‐isothermal methods. The mass drops as the sample decomposes, volatile compounds evaporate, or the oxidation state decreases, while in reactive environments (with O2, for example), the mass of transition metals may increase. TGA is incapable of detecting phase transitions, polymorphic transformations, or reactions for which mass is invariant. DSC or DTA couple with TGA to help deconvolute a DSC plot by separating physical changes from chemical changes. Evolved gas analysis techniques monitor the gaseous products exiting the TGA furnace on‐line as the temperature ramps. A bibliometric map of keywords from articles citing TGA indexed by Web of Science in 2016 and 2017 identified five research clusters: nanoparticles, performance, and films; crystal structures, acid, and oxidation; composites, nanocomposites, and mechanical properties; kinetics, pyrolysis, and temperature; and adsorption, water and wastewater, and aqueous solutions. This review provides an overview of the basic principles of modern TGA.
Colour‐odour correspondences in women during the menstrual cycle: Comparative analysis between the menstrual and ovulation phases
Authors: Iriguchi Mayuko , Koda Hiroki , Koyama Takamasa , Masataka Nobuo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWomen might experience modulation in their perception and cognition of colours and odours during the menstrual cycle, but how women's impressions of and correspondence between colours and odours differ according to the cycle changes remains unknown. Here, we experimentally examined women's performance of several tasks, including evaluation of impressions of colours and odours, matching/nonmatching of colours with odours, and identification of odours, comparing two phases: the beginning of menstruation and ovulation. The results showed that participants had similar impressions of colours and odours and made similar colour choices for odours in both the menstrual and ovulation phases, while “pleasant‐unpleasant” impressions of colour and odour might vary according to the menstrual cycle. We found no significant differences in odour identification between the phases. The findings imply that hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle might affect “pleasant‐unpleasant” impressions of colour and odour but not other features regarding impressions or crossmodal correspondence. In future studies, examination with a large number of participants is necessary.
CSR reporting communication: Defective reporting models or misapplication?
Authors: Garcia‐Torea Nicolas , Fernandez‐Feijoo Belen , De La Cuesta Marta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper studies whether the failure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting practices to enable effective CSR communication allowing stakeholders to appreciate firms' CSR is due to the reporting model guiding firms in elaborating sustainability reports, the companies' application of the model, or both. Drawing on the communication theory and using interpretive textual analysis, the paper specifically assesses Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines, the most widespread CSR reporting model worldwide, and its application by a leading sustainability reporter. The findings indicate that GRI guidelines suffer from significant limitations that hamper the production of reports accounting for CSR impacts. This paper contributes to critical research on CSR reporting practices and calls for redirecting current reporting practice towards a more effective approach. Additionally, it also responds to the need to approach CSR reporting research relying on theories different from the one commonly used.
A DPSK demodulator for biomedical application
Authors: Hosseinnejad Mahdi , Erfanian Abbas , Karami Mohammad Azim 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn this study, a differential phase‐shift‐keying (DPSK) demodulator, which is implemented by digital circuit, is proposed. A differential voltage clipper is used to generate narrow pulses at the extremum of the received modulated signal. Regarding the DPSK signal, the outputs of the clipper have double frequency. In order to halve the frequency, a frequency divider is applied to get synchronous clock. Two binary counters are used to detect phase variation; the data are recovered after two times sampling. This technique removes the need for voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). The proposed demodulator is postlayout simulated in a 0.18‐μm CMOS process, with a power of 64 μW and active area of 68 × 70 μm2. The demodulator recovers 10 Mb/s data rate at 10‐MHz carrier frequency using a 1.8‐V power supply.