bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthographic, Phonological, and Semantic Dynamics During Visual Word Recognition in Deaf Versus Hearing Adults
Authors: Peleg Orna , Ben-hur Galia , Segal Osnat 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Studies on reading in individuals with severe-to-profound hearing loss (deaf) raise the possibility that, due to deficient phonological coding, deaf individuals may rely more on orthographic–semantic links than on orthographic–phonological links. However, the relative contribution of phonological and semantic information to visual word recognition in deaf individuals was not directly assessed in these studies. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to examine the interplay between orthographic, phonological, and semantic representations during visual word recognition, in deaf versus hearing adults.

Method
Deaf and hearing participants were asked to perform a visual lexical decision task in Hebrew. The critical stimuli consisted of three types of Hebrew words, which differ in terms of their relationship between orthography, phonology, and semantics: unambiguous words, homonyms, and homographs.

Results
In the hearing group, phonological effects were more pronounced than semantic effects: Homographs (multiple pronunciations) were recognized significantly slower than homonyms or unambiguous words (one pronunciation). However, there was no significant difference between homonyms (multiple meanings) and unambiguous words (one meaning). In contrast, in the deaf group, there was no significant difference among the three word types, indicating that visual word recognition, in these participants, is driven primarily by orthography.

Conclusion
While visual word recognition in hearing readers is accomplished mainly via orthographic–phonological connections, deaf readers rely mainly on orthographic–semantic connections.
Stereotaktische Strahlentherapie bei Oligometastasierung
Authors: Hoegen Philipp , Hörner-Rieber Juliane , Debus Jürgen 
Published: June 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn der Onkologie findet seit einigen Jahren ein Paradigmenwechsel statt: bei Vorliegen weniger Metastasen spricht man von Oligometastasierung. In diesem Fall ist ein kurativer Therapieansatz sinnvoll, wie zuletzt in mehreren Studien gezeigt wurde. Eine Möglichkeit der Lokaltherapie ist die stereotaktische Bestrahlung (SRS bzw. SBRT). Durch hochdosierte Bestrahlung in wenigen Sitzungen kann eine vollständige Tumorkontrolle erzielt werden. Neue Entwicklungen wie Hybridgeräte aus MRT und Linearbeschleuniger ermöglichen eine präzise, schonende Behandlung.
Small bowel angioectasia as a marker of frailty and poor prognosis
Authors: Robertson Alexander R. , Koulaouzidis Anastasios , Brindle William M. , Robertson Andrew J. , Plevris John N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims This study aimed to establish 5-year survival of patients diagnosed with bleeding small bowel (SB) angioectasia, with the hypothesis that many will suffer deaths relating to comorbidity rather than gastrointestinaI bleeding.
Patients and methods SB capsule endoscopy (SBCE) procedures, performed for suspected SB bleeding or iron deficiency anemia, with angioectasia isolated as the cause of SB bleeding and at least 5 years of follow-up data were isolated (n = 125) along with an age-matched group with “normal” SBCE procedures (n = 125). These were retrospectively analysed with further information on mortality and comorbidity gathered through hospital records.
Results Those with angioectasia had a median age of 72.7 years and comorbidities were common. The 5-year survival was 64.0 % (80/125) compared to 70.4 % (88/125) in those with “normal” SBCE. Those with significant cardiac or vascular comorbidity had a poorer survival (52.9 % (37/70) at 5 years) but anticoagulation/antiplatelets/ number of lesions or requirement endoscopic treatment seemed to make little difference. In those with SB bleeding secondary to angioectasia none of the subsequent deaths were directly attributable to gastrointestinal bleeding.
Conclusions In this cohort, SB angioectasia did not lead to any deaths but the 5-year survival was poor due to those diagnosed often being older and having comorbidities. This would support the hypothesis that a diagnosis of SB bleeding secondary to angioectasia suggests frailty.
EFFICACY OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (FNMES) IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF HAND FUNCTIONS IN ACUTE STROKE SURVIVALS
Authors: K. Mohamed Faisal C. , Prakash Priyabandani Neha Om , S. Ajith 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStroke is a worldwide health problem. Hand function is one of the important factors which are affected in stroke. Stroke patients are usually given a conventional physiotherapy but if an additional FNMES is given it might show better improvement. By keeping these facts in view, the present study aims at evaluating and comparing the efficacy of conventional physiotherapy and adding FNMES will make any better outcome in the acute stroke survivals. The subjects were randomly assigned to any of the two groups; control group consisted of 15 subjects who received only conventional therapy for 4 weeks and experimental group consisting of 15 subjects who received an additional FNMES along with conventional physiotherapy for 4 weeks. The hand function was assessed on day 1 and to know the recovery, at the end of four weeks of intervention with the help of action research arm test (ARAT) and box and block test (BBT). At the end of 4 weeks of intervention both the groups showed significant improvements. On ARAT, control group showed a mean of 10.2000 whereas, experimental group showed mean of 20.8000 with p = 0.001 (p ≤ 0.05) and on BBT, the control group showed a mean of 21.666 and experimental group showed 30.933 with p = 0.41 (p ≤ S 0.05). Therefore the study concludes that, though there was improvement in both the groups, the experimental group who received an additional FNMES along with conventional physiotherapy showed better improvement in hand functions in the acute stroke survivals.
Hyper IgE syndrome (hies; job syndrome): A case report
Authors: Ameta Priyanka , Dhyani Anuj , Nayak Vignesh Hebri , Goyal Suresh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by high serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), recurrent cutaneous and pulmonary infections, chronic dermatitis and a variety of connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities. These patients share characteristic facial appearance and many oral manifestations. We report a case of hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) also known as “Job syndrome“.
Level I Nodal Positivity as a Factor for Involvement of the Submandibular Gland in Oral Cavity Carcinoma: A Case Series Report
Authors: Pasha Hamdan Ahmed , Dhanani Rahim , Ghaloo Shayan Khalid , Ghias Kulsoom , Khan Mumtaz Jamshed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction The routine practice of neck dissection in the surgical management of oral carcinoma has evolved into a more functionally conservative approach. Over time, the rationale for removal of the submandibular gland has been questioned. Routine extirpation of the submandibular gland can aggravate the xerostomia experienced by many patients, significantly affecting their quality of life.
Objective The objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of submandibular gland metastases in oral cavity carcinoma and to identify possible factors that may affect their involvement.
Methods A total of 149 cases of oral carcinoma presenting at a private tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, over the course of 1 year were reviewed retrospectively.
Results Histopathological data showed that the submandibular gland was involved in 7 (4.7%) cases. Involvement of level I lymph nodes was found in all of the cases. Direct extension of primary tumor was noted in two cases when the primary tumor was in the floor of the mouth.
Conclusion The results suggest that preservation of the submandibular gland during neck dissection for oral carcinoma can be practiced safely when there is no evidence of direct extension of the primary tumor toward the submandibular gland or when there is no clinical or radiological evidence of neck disease in level I. Presence of pathological lymph nodes in level I requires caution when contemplating preservation of the submandibular gland.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Symptoms, Signs, and Presence of Pepsin in Saliva - A Reliable Diagnostic Triad
Authors: Divakaran Shilpa , Rajendran Sivaa , Thomas Roshan Marie , Jacob Jaise , Kurien Mary 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Twenty-four-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance with double probe pH monitoring (MII-pH), though considered the most sensitive tool for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is invasive, time consuming, not widely available, and unable to detect non-acid reflux. In contrast, the presence of pepsin in the saliva would act as a marker for reflux, considering that pepsin is only produced in the stomach.
Objective To evaluate the predictive value of salivary pepsin in diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) as suggested by the results of reflux symptom index (RSI > 13), reflux finding score (RFS > 7), and positive response to treatment with a 4-week course of proton-pump inhibitors.
Methods This prospective study was done at a tertiary care hospital on 120 adult patients attending ENT OPD with clinical diagnosis of LPR. The presence of pepsin in their pharyngeal secretions and saliva using a lateral flow device, the Peptest, was compared with RSI, RFS, and with the response to medical treatment using the Chi-squared test.
Results Salivary pepsin was found to be positive in 68% of the patients, with 87.5% of them showing positive response to treatment. Chi-squared analysis showed a significant association between positive salivary pepsin and RFS > 7, RSI >13, a combination of RFS > 7 and RSI > 13 as well as with response to treatment (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion When considered along with the clinical indicators of RFS and RSI of more than 7 and 13, respectively, and/or with a response to treatment, a positive salivary pepsin test indicates statistically significant chance of presence of LPR.
The Effect of Learning English on P300 in Children
Authors: Marques Pâmela Mariel , Mattiazzi Ângela Leusin , Ferreira Laís , Oppitz Sheila Jacques , Biaggio Eliara Pinto Vieira 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Learning a second language is an essential task in today's world, and is experienced by many children. The cognitive auditory-evoked potential (P300) is related to cognitive activity, attention and concentration, enabling the investigation of the effect of a second language on the central auditory pathway.
Objective To analyze the effects of learning English on P300 latency and amplitude in children and to correlate them with age, time of exposure to English, and time in class.
Method An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, in which 33 children, aged between 5 and 9 years and 11 months, of both genders participated, 14 of them in the process of learning English (study group) and 19 without this experience (control group). All subjects had their P300 evaluated using the Intelligent Hearing Systems (IHS, Miami, FL, US) Smart EP equipment. A total of 300 binaural stimuli were used in 75 dBnHL, as well as 240 frequent and 60 rare stimuli, using the pairs /ba/ and /di/ respectively.
Results There was a statistically significant difference regarding P300 latency between the groups, and children exposed to English classes had lower latency in this component. No statistical difference was found between P300 amplitudes. No correlation was observed regarding age, time of exposure to English, time in class, and electrophysiological responses.
Conclusion The Children exposed to English classes had the most stimulating auditory pathway, because their P300 had lower latency, being a resource for the speech therapy clinic.
A Comparative Analysis of Patient Satisfaction following Total Knee Arthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty Using the Forgotten Joint Score
Authors: Singh Vivek , Zak Stephen , Schwarzkopf Ran , Davidovitch Roy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMeasuring patient satisfaction and surgical outcomes following total joint arthroplasty remains controversial with most tools failing to account for both surgeon and patient satisfaction in regard to outcomes. The purpose of this study was to use “The Forgotten Joint Score” questionnaire to assess clinical outcomes comparing patients who underwent a total hip arthroplasty (THA) with those who underwent a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent primary THA or TKA between September 2016 and September 2019 and responded to the Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) questionnaire at least at one of three time periods (3, 12, and 21 months), postoperatively. An electronic patient rehabilitation application was used to administer the questionnaire. Collected variables included demographic data (age, gender, race, body mass index [BMI], and smoking status), length of stay (LOS), and FJS-12 scores. t-test and chi-square were used to determine significance. Linear regression was used to account for demographic differences. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 2,359 patients included in this study, 1,469 underwent a THA and 890 underwent a TKA. Demographic differences were observed between the two groups with the TKA group being older, with higher BMI, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, and longer LOS. Accounting for the differences in demographic data, THA patients consistently had higher scores at 3 months (53.72 vs. 24.96; p < 0.001), 12 months (66.00 vs. 43.57; p < 0.001), and 21 months (73.45 vs. 47.22; p < 0.001). FJS-12 scores for patients that underwent THA were significantly higher in comparison to TKA patients at 3, 12, and 21 months postoperatively. Increasing patient age led to a marginal increase in FJS-12 score in both cohorts. With higher FJS-12 scores, patients who underwent THA may experience a more positive evolution with their surgery postoperatively than those who had TKA.
Ultrasound assessment of the external occipital protuberance in young adults. Clinical implications
Authors: Benito Domingo Adrián , García Godino Alberto 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction The current lifestyle, related to the indiscriminate use of screens from early ages with sustained postures, can cause structural changes (osteophytes) to the upper trapezius enthesis on the external occipital protuberance. Such findings in the skull are rare and usually asymptomatic, especially in young adults. Therefore, it is important to analyze, evaluate and correlate these findings with the patient's symptoms. Musculoskeletal ultrasound is an ideal tool to enable the evaluation of these structural alterations. Description of the Exam Prone position avoiding cranio-cervical hyperextension. A linear probe is used with a low frequency range (8–10 Mhz) The scan used as a reference is the transverse exam of the bone prominence. Subsequently, this is confirmed with a longitudinal exam, which is used to measure the osteophyte. The normal reference value is <10 mm. Discussion The ultrasound exam described above enables the easily reproducible assessment and measurement of osteophytes and insertional soft tissue at this level to enhance treatment planning.
Effect of a boomerang-shaped Conchal cartilage graft for Type three Tympanoplasty on Hearing
Authors: Elaprolu Snigdha , Alexander Arun , Ganesan Sivaraman , Manu Coimbatore Balakrishnan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Chronic suppurative otitis media atticoantral disease (CSOM-AAD) is often associated with ossicular erosion resulting in significant hearing loss. Absence of the stapes suprastructure is a poor prognostic indicator of hearing outcome, which necessitates an effective reconstruction technique for ossicular continuity and restoration of middle ear volume. In the present study, we used a boomerang-shaped conchal cartilage graft.
Objective To evaluate the improvement in hearing using a boomerang-shaped conchal cartilage graft for Type III tympanoplasty in cases of CSOM-AAD in which the stapes suprastructure was absent and to study the incidence of intraoperative/postoperative complications of this procedure.
Method A total of 21 patients with CSOM-AAD who were found to have absent stapes suprastructure intraoperatively were included. A boomerang-shaped conchal cartilage graft was placed over the stapes footplate for reconstruction following canal wall down mastoidectomy. Pure tone audiogram (500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 Hz) was done preoperatively and at 12 weeks postoperatively. Hearing outcome and incidence of complications were noted.
Results There was a statistically significant reduction in the hearing loss for air conduction and air-bone gap (ABG) of 6.1 dB and 6.9 dB respectively (p < 0.05). Air-bone gap < 30 dB could be achieved in 71.4% of the patients as compared with 23.8% preoperatively. No significant difference was noted in the bone conduction threshold (p > 0.05). A better hearing outcome was observed at higher frequencies (2,000, 4,000 Hz). No major complications were encountered.
Conclusion A boomerang-shaped conchal cartilage graft is effective when used for Type III tympanoplasty, especially at higher (2,000, 4,000 Hz) frequencies, and is comparable to newer materials such as titanium total ossicular reconstruction prosthesis (TORP). No major intraoperative/postoperative complications were noted.
Single-molecule dynamics of Dishevelled at the plasma membrane and Wnt pathway activation
Authors: Ma Wenzhe , Chen Maorong , Kang Hong , Steinhart Zachary , Angers Stephane , He Xi , Kirschner Marc W. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Canonical Wnt signaling is one of the most important and widely distributed pathways in metazoan development. Dishevelled is thought to serve as an essential bridge between the membrane receptors and downstream signaling components, which has the tendency to aggregate in vitro and to form large aggregates of dubious significance in vivo, when overexpressed. To obtain a molecular understanding of the role of Dvl in Wnt signaling, while circumventing these aggregation problems, we have expressed a fluorescent-tagged Dishevelled in cells at its physiological concentration and quantified the size distribution of Dishevelled before and after Wnt treatment. We found that limited oligomerization in response to the Wnt ligand is very dynamic and provides a key step in signal transduction.
Unusual activated processes controlling dislocation motion in body-centered-cubic high-entropy alloys
Authors: Chen Bing , Li Suzhi , Zong Hongxiang , Ding Xiangdong , Sun Jun , Ma Evan 
Published: June 2020

Significance
This work demonstrates dislocation dynamics in body-centered-cubic (BCC) high-entropy alloys (HEAs). The local composition inhomogeneity in these concentrated solutions leads to an unconventional rate-controlling mechanism that governs dislocation mobility. The activated process becomes nanoscale detrapping, of kinks on screw dislocations and of trapped segments of edge dislocations, presenting an activation barrier of similar magnitude for both dislocation types. Their sluggish mobility explains the elevated strength and strain hardening in BCC HEAs.
A demographic and evolutionary analysis of maternal effect senescence
Authors: Hernández Christina M. , van Daalen Silke F. , Caswell Hal , Neubert Michael G. , Gribble Kristin E. 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceMaternal effect senescence, the decline in offspring quality with increasing maternal age, is common in animals despite its negative impact on fitness. To understand how maternal effect senescence might evolve, we built matrix population models to calculate selection gradients on survival and fertility as functions of maternal age. We estimated the model’s parameters with data from an aquatic invertebrate. The strength of selection eventually declines with age and maternal age, implying that maternal effect senescence could be favored by selection and evolve in the same way as senescence. Our framework can be applied to investigate maternal effect senescence in organisms with diverse life histories and unifies the demographic approaches to age-related and maternal effect senescence.
The capillary Kir channel as sensor and amplifier of neuronal signals: Modeling insights on K
+
-mediated neurovascular communication
Authors: Moshkforoush Arash , Ashenagar Baarbod , Harraz Osama F. , Dabertrand Fabrice , Longden Thomas A. , Nelson Mark T. , Tsoukias Nikolaos M. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Local brain activity is rapidly accompanied by a vascular response to increase blood perfusion. How neuronal activity is sensed by the vasculature is not fully understood. This process, known as neurovascular coupling, constitutes the physiological basis of functional neuroimaging scans and its disruption is associated with cognitive disorders and stroke. We have recently demonstrated the active involvement of capillary endothelial cells in neurovascular communication through the activity of Kir channels. Here, using a computational modeling approach, we investigate the biophysical determinants of capillary-mediated neurovascular coupling. Simulations show how capillary Kir channels sense neuronal activity and initiate and amplify electrical signals—through a process that resembles electrical activity in excitable cells—to produce a robust vasodilatory response.
Multiple transpolar auroral arcs reveal insight about coupling processes in the Earth’s magnetotail
Authors: Zhang Qing-He , Zhang Yong-Liang , Wang Chi , Lockwood Michael , Yang Hui-Gen , Tang Bin-Bin , Xing Zan-Yang , Oksavik Kjellmar , Lyons Larry R. , Ma Yu-Zhang , Zong Qiu-Gang , Moen Jøran Idar , Xia Li-Dong 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceColorful and dynamic aurora has attracted human’s attention since the dawn of time. However, mystery remains in understanding a distinct class of aurora, transpolar auroral arc (TPA) (or “theta” aurora) which occurs in extremely high latitude of the Earth polar regions when interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is northward. Previous theories are unable to explain why multiple TPAs often occur. Our comprehensive observations in the ionosphere and magnetotail as well as a three-dimensional magnetosphere modeling shed insight on how multiple TPAs form. Our study offers clues how solar wind energy and mass transfer into the magnetosphere and ionosphere under a northward IMF that occurs nearly half of the time.
An essential role for cardiolipin in the stability and function of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter
Authors: Ghosh Sagnika , Basu Ball Writoban , Madaris Travis R. , Srikantan Subramanya , Madesh Muniswamy , Mootha Vamsi K. , Gohil Vishal M. 
Published: June 2020

Significance
The assembly and function of membrane proteins depend on the lipid milieu. In recent years the protein components of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter have been identified, but its specific phospholipid requirements are not known. Utilizing yeast mutants defective in their ability to synthesize different phospholipids, we identify a specific requirement of cardiolipin (CL) in the stability and function of the mitochondrial uniporter. Our findings are translatable to higher organisms because endogenous uniporter abundance is decreased in patient-derived cells and cardiac tissue from Barth syndrome, an inherited deficiency in CL levels. This work shows that yeast phospholipid mutants can be leveraged to uncover specific lipid requirements of membrane proteins and suggests impaired mitochondrial calcium signaling in the pathogenesis of Barth syndrome.