bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexuelle Arbeit von Männern*: Erscheinungsformen und Unterstützungsbedarfe
Authors: Fixemer Tom 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungSexarbeit wird überwiegend von Frauen* geleistet. Dennoch darf sexuelle Arbeit von männlichen* Sexarbeitenden nicht ignoriert werden. Der vorliegende Praxisbeitrag beschreibt verschiedene Formen und Orte der Sexarbeit, die von Cis-Männern und Queers überwiegend für Cis-Männer erbracht wird. Diverse Fallbeispiele illustrieren die Lebenswelten männlicher* Sexarbeit. Zudem werden die Anliegen und Unterstützungsbedarfe von Männern* in Sexarbeitskontexten herausgearbeitet und vor dem Hintergrund des neuen Prostituiertenschutzgesetzes (ProstSchG) reflektiert. Der Autor hat sozialpädagogische Erfahrung in der Streetwork- und sozialen Szenearbeit und ist mit dem Arbeitskreis deutschsprachiger Strichereinrichtungen (AKSD) und dem Bündnis der Fachberatungsstellen für Sexarbeiterinnen und Sexarbeiter (bufas) vernetzt.
Sexarbeitsaktivismus aus der Perspektive der Verbandsarbeit: Die Aktivitäten des Berufsverbands für erotische und sexuelle Dienstleistungen e. V.
Authors: Gloss Nadine 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird die Arbeit des Berufsverbands für erotische und sexuelle Dienstleistungen e. V. (BesD) vorgestellt, insbesondere wie sich der BesD in Deutschland als Akteur in der Sexarbeitsbewegung positioniert und mit welchen Strategien er den Kampf für Sexarbeitsrechte voranbringt. Über die letzten sieben Jahre seit seiner Gründung im Jahr 2013 wurde der Verband von Medien und Politik zunehmend als Ansprechpartner für Sexarbeit wahrgenommen. Aus einer Gruppe von fünfzig engagierten Frauen, die sich für die weitere Entkriminalisierung der Sexarbeit und eine vernünftigere Rechtslage einsetzten, wuchs ein vielfältiges Netzwerk an Menschen aus unterschiedlichen Bereichen der Sexarbeit, die sich aktiv für ihre Arbeitsrechte einsetzen und im Rahmen des BesD zunehmend professionalisieren.
Sexuelle Gesundheit in der Sexarbeit vor dem Hintergrund des Prostituiertenschutzgesetzes (ProstSchG): Einschätzungen von Berater*innen und Sexarbeiter*innen
Authors: Körner Christine , Netzelmann Tzvetina Arsova , Ceres Maia , Hacke Deborah , Steffan Elfriede 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungEinleitung Das 2017 in Deutschland in Kraft getretene Prostituiertenschutzgesetz (ProstSchG) verlangt eine Pflichtberatung für Sexarbeitende, die nun zusätzlich zu den bereits bestehenden freiwillig wahrnehmbaren Angeboten auf Grundlage des Infektionsschutzgesetzes (IfSG) von den Gesundheitsämtern vorgehalten werden muss. Beide Angebotsformate überschneiden sich darin, dass sie dem Erhalt der sexuellen Gesundheit dienen sollen, unterscheiden sich aber in anderen Aspekten grundlegend (u. a. thematisch, Freiwilligkeit).Forschungsziele Ziel der vorliegenden Pilotstudie war es zu erkunden, wie der Öffentliche Gesundheitsdienst (ÖGD) die bestehenden gesundheitlichen Angebote und die neue ProstSchG-Pflichtberatung für Sexarbeitende organisiert, wie diese neue Angebotsstruktur von den Sexarbeitenden angenommen wird und wie sie insgesamt aus fachlicher Sicht zu bewerten ist.Methoden Im Herbst 2019 wurden Interviews mit N = 11 Mitarbeitenden von Gesundheitsämtern, Fachberatungsstellen und Fachverbänden durchgeführt und zudem die Sichtweisen von N = 185 Sexarbeitenden mittels Online-Befragung eingeholt.Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich, dass die noch im Prozess befindliche Umsetzung regional sehr unterschiedlich erfolgt und diverse Probleme aufwirft (z. B. durch fehlende Freiwilligkeit und fehlende Vertraulichkeit). Durch die neue Angebotsstruktur werden zahlreiche Sexarbeiter*innen nicht (mehr) erreicht. Diejenigen Sexarbeiter*innen, die die ProstSchG-Pflichtberatung absolviert haben, äußern teilweise deutliche Kritik (z. B. abschätzige Behandlung, fehlende Fachkompetenz für bestimmte Bereiche der Sexarbeit wie BDSM).Schlussfolgerung Hilfebedürftige Sexarbeitende sind auf die Angebote des ÖGD angewiesen. Der ÖGD sollte nach außen viel deutlicher machen, dass es für Sexarbeitende neben der ProstSchG-Pflichtberatung auch eine freiwillige und anonym wahrnehmbare Beratung mit medizinischer STI-/HIV-Diagnostik sowie teilweise zusätzliche psychosoziale Beratungsangebote gibt. Diese freiwillig und anonym wahrnehmbaren Angebote einschließlich der Beratung und der aufsuchenden Arbeit an Orten der Sexarbeit sind essenziell, um gerade vulnerable Sexarbeitende zu erreichen, ihre sexuelle Gesundheit zu fördern und sie in Not- und Krisenfällen zu unterstützen.
Initial experience with per-rectal endoscopic myotomy for Hirschsprung’s disease: medium and long term outcomes of the first case series of a novel third-space endoscopy procedure
Authors: Bapaye Amol , Dashatwar Parag , Biradar Vishnu , Biradar Shital , Pujari Rajendra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is congenital aganglionosis affecting the hindgut and presents with constipation. Surgical pull-through is the current standard treatment but causes morbidity. Per-rectal endoscopic myotomy is a novel third-space endoscopy technique for treating short-segment (SS)-HSCR.
Methods Retrospective study of SS-HSCR patients diagnosed on history, contrast enema, rectal biopsies, and anorectal manometry, and treated by PREM. The aganglionic segment was mapped before PREM was performed using third-space endoscopy principles. Stool frequency and laxative usage before and after PREM were compared.
Results Nine patients (age 7.5 [± 5.2] years; 7 male) underwent PREM during a 4-year period. Mean aganglionic segment length was 6.3 cm, mean procedure time 96.1 minutes, and mean length of hospital stay 2.5 days. Median follow-up was 17 months (range 9–58 months). Stool frequency was 1/4.4 days before vs. 1/1.2 days after PREM (P = 0.0004). Mean laxative usage was 5.4 units of laxative (UL) before vs. 0.4 UL after PREM (P = 0.0002). No laxatives were used by 6/9 patients after PREM. The single adverse effect seen (anal stenosis) was treated with dilatation.
Conclusions PREM is a safe and effective minimally invasive procedure to treat SS-HSCR and results in long-term response.
Evaluating trust and shared group identities in emergent social learning processes in the Zambezi river basin
Authors: Lumosi Caroline K. , Pahl-Wostl Claudia , Scholz Geeske 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial learning in natural resource management is considered important for addressing complex problems by supporting multi-stakeholder interactions in problem framing and co-construction of solutions. Despite the considerable progress in the social learning discourse, few scholars have empirically examined relational features in social learning interactions. Relational features such as trust and shared group identities are important for supporting engagement and interaction among actors. This study analyzed emergent social learning processes in transboundary river basin cooperation processes in the Zambezi basin. To do this, data was conducted through in-depth interviews with diverse actors, observations of participatory workshops, and review of documents on transboundary cooperation processes in the Zambezi basin. The study evaluated how trust and shared group identities shaped learning spaces (opportunities for interaction, deliberation and reframing) and in turn impacted transboundary river basin cooperation. The study found that trust and shared group identities had a crucial impact on learning spaces and in turn impacted transboundary river basin cooperation in the Zambezi basin. The results suggest that leveraging on trust and shared group identities can play a critical role in stimulating cooperation processes. However, it is not a guarantee for cooperation. This study highlights that structural-learning spaces such as institutions support the development of binding commitments and enduring shared practices. However, success of such institutionalization is strongly influenced by the prior development of trust and a shared social identity.
PPP in action
Authors: Bui Trang Le Diem , Newton Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe presentation-practice-production (PPP) approach is used in primary schools in Vietnam to teach speaking skills. However, there is disagreement about the theoretical validity and practical efficacy of PPP (Ellis, 2018;Willis & Willis, 2007) and little research evidence for how teachers actually implement PPP and their views of this approach. The current study addresses this gap. Seven teachers from six primary schools in Vietnam were observed teaching 11 PPP speaking lessons and were then interviewed on their experience of teaching the lessons. Analysis of the observation data showed that all seven teachers followed all three phases of the PPP sequence in their lessons. However, they frequently added interactive activities to the presentation phase and adapted production activities to make them more communicative. The teachers held mixed views of PPP: Three spoke positively of its value for lower level classes, another teacher was somewhat neutral while the remaining three teachers were dismissive of it and actively sought to adopt a more communicative approach. Overall, findings from the study reveal limitations of the PPP approach as it is practiced in this context and highlight affordances for making PPP more communicative, including drawing on principles of effective task design.
A typological perspective on the loss of inflection
Authors: Sims-Williams Helen , Baerman Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The loss of inflectional morphology is a diachronic process which has played a major role in shaping our linguistic landscape, but has never been the target of focussed research in the same way that the origin of inflectional morphology has been. We offer here a preliminary typology of the operations involved in inflectional loss, distinguishing three change types: the loss of forms, the loss of features, and loss of both at the same time – that is, the loss of entire paradigm cells. These are illustrated with examples from a typologically, genetically and areally diverse set of languages.
The impersonal construction in the texts of Updated Old English
Authors: Čermák Jan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The main focus of this study is the so-adj-a construction seen as an instantiation of grammatical obsolescence in progress. Starting at where Klégr’s (2010) synchronic study of the construction’s local grammar and syntactic functions leaves it, the present work provides a diachronic account of changes in the frequency of use in the last two centuries; their implications; and an overview of possible causes that had led to the situation in which the construction became considerably rare in Present Day English. Methodologically, the paper features quantitative and statistical analyses of corpus data. The work uses the framework for the investigation of grammatical obsolescence designed in the author’s doctoral thesis (Rudnicka 2019). Additionally, the present chapter suggests extravagance as a cognitive motivation behind the emergence of the so-adj-a construction.
Loss or variation? Functional load in morpho-syntax – Three case studies
Authors: Rehn Alexandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to get a better understanding of the circumstances under which elements can get lost in the course of their diachronic development, three phenomena of German non-standard varieties will be compared: loss of adnominal genitive, optional realization of adjectival inflection and variation in the choice of relative clause introducers. It will be shown that on the one hand, a substitutional strategy to compensate for the function of the element that undergoes loss is required but that this alone does not necessarily lead to loss. Depending on the functional load of the individual items and the options the syntax provides the availability of a substitutional strategy may result in loss, optionality or variation.
“The next Morning I got a Warrant for the Man and his Wife, but he was fled”
Authors: Hundt Marianne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter uses data from the Old Bailey Corpus to study the demise of the English BE-perfect between the 1720s and 1910s. The corpus provides ample evidence on the development in the period that saw the transition from BE to HAVE as perfect auxiliary in constructions with mutative verbs (i.e. intransitive verbs referring to a change of state or place); it also makes it possible to gauge the relative importance that social factors (such as speaker SEX, speaker ROLE or socio-economic background) may have played in the loss of one of the perfect variants. The stages for the development are derived from the data in a bottom-up approach using Variability-based Neighbour Clustering (VNC). In a second step, random forests and conditional inference trees are fitted to the data for each stage. The former provide information on the overall relative importance of predictor variables and the latter on interaction of predictor variables. It turns out that while, overall, social predictors play a far less important role in the process of loss than the predictor lexical VERB, they do show significant interaction with this language-internal variable. The speech-based socio-historical data thus add important details to previous studies on the loss of the BE-perfect, not least by lending support to the fact that this change happened largely below the level of speakers’ awareness.
German so-relatives
Authors: Kempf Luise 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a corpus-based analysis of the loss of the relativizer so in New High German. The corpus data show that the frequencies dropped in the 18th century, with significant differences among regions and genres. The distributions underpin a relation to chancery language (as assumed in the literature), but the particle was also used in all other domains when sophisticated style was aimed at. Since the demise of chancery language does not fully account for the disappearance of so relatives, a broader socio-historical background and general language change of the time needs to be taken into account. Large-scale developments, such as increasing literacy and the Enlightenment, are shown to have induced fundamental language changes. Overall, written German underwent a typological drift to overt, morphosyntax-based complexity. This is evidenced by a number of general grammatical developments. Specifically, the increase of nominal concord conflicted with so relativizers, as they were uninflected. Overall, aggregative and indistinct structures were given up in favor of more integrative and precise constructions. The study reveals the fundamental importance of considering the entire language system and general socio-cultural and socio-linguistic changes in the study of grammatical obsolescence.
Loss of object indexation in verbal paradigms of Koĩc (Tibeto-Burman, Nepal)
Authors: Borchers Dörte 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Koĩc ([kɔĩts]; English: Sunwar) is a Kiranti language spoken in eastern Nepal. In the past, Koĩc had a biactantial indexing system with transitive verbs indexing subjects and objects, a typical feature of Kiranti languages.1 In modern Koĩc, transitive verbs are not indexed for object. A comparison shows connections in form and function between old and new argument indexes. Now Koĩc has a system of different conjugations, and for the majority of verbs membership in a conjugation is lexically fixed.
Most speakers of Koĩc are bilingual with Nepali (Indo-Iranian), and the longstanding Nepali influence will be discussed as one possible cause of language change.
Carrier density oscillation in the photoexcited semiconductor
Authors: Najafi Ebrahim , Jafari Amir , Liao Bolin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The perturbation of a semiconductor from the thermodynamic equilibrium often leads to the display of non-linear dynamics and formation of spatiotemporal patterns due to the spontaneous generation of competing processes. Here, we use scanning ultrafast electron microscopy to show that the transport of hot carriers in the strongly excited semiconductor slows down by turning into an oscillatory process; this is evidenced by the expansions and contractions in the second moment of the distribution. We attribute such a response to the electric field generated by the spatial separation of photo-excited electrons and holes under intrinsic and photo-induced fields; we then introduce a transport model that mimics the experimental observation. Our finding provides a direct imaging evidence for the electrostatic oscillation of hot carriers in the highly excited semiconductor and offers new insights into their dynamics in space and time.
Piezoelectric potential enhanced photocatalytic performance based on ZnO with different nanostructures
Authors: Yu Cheng , Yu Xiang-Xiang , Zheng Ding-Shan , Yin Hong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, two novel nanostructures with ZnO nanowire and nanosheet arrays vertically growing on the FTO and Al foil have been synthesized by a hydrothermal method, which exhibit both the piezoelectric and photocatalytic properties. These nanostructures have typical wurtzite structures based on the XRD results. From the SEM results, the average diameter and length of nanowire have been measured to be about 150 nm and 4.5 μm, the thickness of ZnO nanosheet is about 50 nm and the width is about 5 μm. In the photocatalytic test, the photodegradation of RhB under 365 nm illumination for nanowire and nanosheet is about 25% and 37% in 80 min reaction. With stirring, the degradation rate is increased to 61% and 85%. Finally, the photocurrent test and finite element method were used to analyze the piezo-photodegradation mechanism.
How to switch between relational quantum clocks
Authors: Höhn Philipp A , Vanrietvelde Augustin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Every clock is a physical system and thereby ultimately quantum. A naturally arising question is thus how to describe time evolution relative to quantum clocks and, specifically, how the dynamics relative to different quantum clocks are related. This is a particularly pressing issue in view of the multiple choice facet of the problem of time in quantum gravity, which posits that there is no distinguished choice of internal clock in generic general relativistic systems and that different choices lead to inequivalent quantum theories. Exploiting a recent unifying approach to switching quantum reference systems [Vanrietvelde et al 2020 Quantum
4 225; Vanrietvelde et al 2018 arXiv:1809.05093[quant-ph])], we exhibit a systematic method for switching between different clock choices in the quantum theory. We illustrate it by means of the parametrized particle, which, like gravity, features a Hamiltonian constraint. We explicitly switch between the quantum evolution relative to the non-relativistic time variable and that relative to the particle’s position, which requires carefully regularizing the zero-modes in the so-called time-of-arrival observable. While this toy model is simple, our approach is general and, in particular, directly amenable to quantum cosmology. It proceeds by systematically linking the reduced quantum theories relative to different clock choices via the clock-choice-neutral Dirac quantized theory, in analogy to coordinate changes on a manifold. This method suggests a new perspective on the multiple choice problem, indicating that it is rather a multiple choice feature of the complete relational quantum theory, taken as the conjunction of Dirac quantized and quantum deparametrized theories. Precisely this conjunction permits one to consistently switch between different temporal reference systems, which is a prerequisite for a quantum notion of general covariance. Finally, we show that quantum uncertainties generically lead to a discontinuity in the relational dynamics when switching clocks, in contrast to the classical case.
Numerical study of radiative impacts on a magneto-convective flow confined an inclined two-sided wavy enclosure using hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Rashed Z Z , Mansour M A , Attia M A , Ahmed Sameh E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Numerical simulations are carried out for a buoyancy-driven flow of hybrid nanofluids within an inclined two-sided wavy enclosure. The vertical wavy walls are mentioned to a relatively low temperature while two heated sections are placed in the top and bottom walls. An inclined electromagnetic force is considered together with impacts of the thermal radiation in the vertical direction. Method of the solution is consisting of two steps, namely, the first step is mapping the irregular domain to regular computational domain and the second step is discretization the resulting domain equations using the finite difference method. It is focused on influences of the radiation, magnetic field, undulation number, lengths and locations of the active sections. The main outcomes disclosed that an alteration in the radiation parameter enhances the rate of the heat transfer while various configurations of the hybrid nanofluid flow are obtained as the undulation number and the cavity inclination angle are varied.
Magnetic properties and critical behavior of magnetically intercalated WSe2: a theoretical study
Authors: Reyntjens Peter D , Tiwari Sabyasachi , Van de Put Maarten L , Sorée Bart , Vandenberghe William G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides, intercalated with transition metals, are studied for their potential applications as dilute magnetic semiconductors. We investigate the magnetic properties of WSe2 doped with third-row transition metals (Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ti and V). Using density functional theory in combination with Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain an estimate of the Curie or Néel temperature. We find that the magnetic ordering is highly dependent on the dopant type. While Ti and Cr-doped WSe2 have a ferromagnetic ground state, V, Mn, Fe and Co-doped WSe2 are antiferromagnetic in their ground state. For Fe doped WSe2, we find a high Curie-temperature of 327 K. In the case of V-doped WSe2, we find that there are two distinct magnetic phase transitions, originating from a frustrated in-plane antiferromagnetic exchange interaction and a ferromagnetic out-of-plane interaction. We calculate the formation energy and reveal that, in contrast to earlier reports, the formation energy is positive for the intercalated systems studied here. We also show that in the presence of W-vacancies, it becomes favorable for Ti, Fe, and Co to intercalate in WSe2.