bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung ultrasound score assessing the pulmonary edema in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome received continuous hemofiltration therapy:&nbsp;A prospective observational study
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Chunxia , Shi Jingyi , Shan Yijun , Miao Huijie , Sun Ting , Zhou Yiping , Zhang Yucai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Lung ultrasound score is a potential method for determining pulmonary edema in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has become the preferred modality to manage fluid overload during ARDS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of lung ultrasound (LUS) score on assessing the effects of CRRT on pulmonary edema and pulmonary function in pediatric ARDS. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 70 children with moderate to severe ARDS in a tertiary university pediatric intensive care unit from January 2016 to December 2018. 37 patients received CRRT (CRRT group) and 33 patients treated by conventional therapy (Non-CRRT group). LUS score was measured within 2 hours identified ARDS as the value of 1st，and the following three days as the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th. We used Spearman correlation analysis to develop the relationship between LUS score and PaO2/FiO2, dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), PaCO2, oxygen index (OI), as well as between the change in daily fluid balance volume and the change in LUS score during CRRT.Results: The 1st lung ultrasound score in CRRT group were significantly higher than Non-CRRT group (P < 0.001), but the lung ultrasound score decreased gradually following CRRT (P < 0.001). LUS score was significantly correlated with PaO2/FiO2 (1st: r =-0.800, 2nd: r =-0.807, 3rd: r =-0.703, 4th: r =-0.584), Cdyn (1st: r =-0.757, 2nd: r =-0.906, 3rd: r =-0.885, 4th: r =-0.834), and OI (1st: r =0.678, 2nd: r =0.689, 3rd: r =0.486, 4th: r =0.324) based on 1st to 4th values (all P<0.05). LUS score decreased from 22 (18 - 25) to 15 (13 - 18) and PaO2/FiO2 promoted from 106.00 (96.00 - 121.50) mmHg to 160.00 (142.50 - 173.00) mmHg after CRRT for four days (both P < 0.001).Conclusions: LUS score is significantly correlated with lung function parameters in pediatric ARDS. The improvement of pulmonary edema in patient with ARDS received CRRT can be assessed by the LUS score.
Polymorphisms in the airway epithelium related genes CDHR3 and EMSY are associated with asthma susceptibility
Authors: Zhang Miao-miao , Chen Guo , Wang Yu , Wu Shou quan , Sandford Andrew J , He Jian-Qing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background As a main line of defense of the respiratory tract, the airway epithelium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. CDHR3 and EMSY were reported to be expressed in the human airway epithelium. Although previous genome-wide association studies found that the two genes were associated with asthma susceptibility, similar observations have not been made in the Chinese Han population. Methods A total of 300 asthma patients and 418 healthy controls unrelated Chinese Han individuals were enrolled. Tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (Tag-SNPs) were genotyped and the associations between SNPs and asthma risk were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, the A allele of rs3847076 in CDHR3 was associated with increased susceptibility to asthma (OR = 1.407, 95% CI: 1.030-1.923). For the EMSY gene, the T alleles of both rs2508746 and rs12278256 were related with decreased susceptibility to asthma (additive model: OR = 0.718, 95% CI: 0.536-0.961; OR = 0.558, 95% CI: 0.332-0.937, respectively). In addition, the GG genotype of rs1892953 showed an association with increased asthma risk under the recessive model (OR = 1.667, 95% CI: 1.104-2.518) and the GATCTGAGT haplotype in EMSY was associated with reduced asthma risk (P = 0.037). Conclusions This study identified novel associations of rs3847076 in CDHR3, as well as rs1892953, rs2508746 and rs12278256 in EMSY with adult asthma susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. Our observations suggest that CDHR3 and EMSY may play important roles in the pathogenesis of asthma in Chinese individuals. Further study with larger sample size is needed.
Network Pharmacology study of Curcuma longa L.: Potential Target Proteins and their Functional Enrichment Analysis.&nbsp;
Authors: KUMARI SANGEETA , Subramanya Hosahalli S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveThis study’s primary goal is unraveling the mechanism of action of bioactives of Curcuma longa L. at the molecular level using protein-protein interaction network.ResultsWe used target proteins to create protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) and identified significant node and edge attributes of PPIN. We identified the cluster of proteins in the PPIN, which were used to identify enriched pathways. We identified closeness centrality and jaccard score as most important node and edge attribute of the PPIN respectively. The enriched pathways of various clusters were overlapped suggesting synergistic mechanism of action. The three pathways found to be common among three clusters were Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor pathway, Endothelin signaling pathway, and Inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathway.
High Smad7 in the early post-operative recurrence of Crohn’s disease
Authors: Zorzi Francesca , Calabrese Emma , Fusco Davide Di , De Cristofaro Elena , Biancone Livia , Casella Sara , Palmieri Giampiero , Monteleone Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: In Crohn’s disease (CD), one of the major inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in human beings, there is over-expression of Smad7, an intracellular inhibitor of the suppressive cytokine TGF-β1. The aim of this study was to assess whether Smad7 over-expression occurs in the early and/or late phases of CD. Methods: Mucosal samples were taken from the neo-terminal ileum of CD patients undergoing ileocolonic resection, with or without (early CD) post-operative endoscopic recurrence, and terminal ileum of CD patients with long-standing disease undergoing intestinal resection (late CD). Smad7 was examined by immunohistochemistry and cytokine expression was analysed by flow-cytometry. Results: Before the appearance of endoscopic lesions, the mucosa of the neo-terminal ileum contained high number of Smad7-expressing cells in both the epithelial and lamina propria compartments. Transition from this stage to endoscopic recurrence was marked by persistence of high number of Smad7-positive cells, which reduced significantly in the late stages of the disease, where Smad7 expression remained, however, greater than that seen in normal controls. In samples with early lesions, Smad7 expression positively correlated with the number of interferon-g-secreting cells. Conclusions: Smad7 induction is an early event in the inflammatory sequence occurring in CD, thus suggesting that knockdown of Smad7 can help prevent post-operative recurrence.
How useful are malaria risk maps at the country level? Perceptions of decision-makers in Kenya, Malawi and the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Ghilardi Ludovica , Okello George , Nyondo-Mipando Linda , Chirambo Chawanangwa Mahebere , Malongo Fathy , Hoyt Jenna , Lee Jieun , Sedekia Yovitha , Parkhurst Justin , Lines Jo , Snow Robert W , Lynch Caroline A. , Webster Jayne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Declining malaria prevalence and pressure on external funding have increased the need for efficiency in malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Modelled Plasmodium falciparum parasite rate (PfPR) maps are increasingly becoming available and provide information on the epidemiological situation of countries. However, how these maps are understood or used for national malaria planning is rarely explored. In this study, the practices and perceptions of national decision-makers on the utility of malaria risk maps, showing prevalence of parasitaemia or incidence of illness, was investigated. Methods A document review of recent National Malaria Strategic Plans was combined with 64 in-depth interviews with stakeholders in Kenya, Malawi and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The document review focused on the type of epidemiological maps included and their use in prioritising and targeting interventions. Interviews (14 Kenya, 17 Malawi, 27 DRC, 6 global level) explored drivers of stakeholder perceptions of the utility, value and limitations of malaria risk maps. Results Three different types of maps were used to show malaria epidemiological strata: malaria prevalence using a PfPR modelled map (Kenya); malaria incidence using routine health system data (Malawi); and malaria prevalence using data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DRC). In Kenya the map was used to target preventative interventions, including long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), whilst in Malawi and DRC the maps were used to target in-door residual spraying (IRS) and LLINs distributions in schools. Maps were also used for operational planning, supply quantification, financial justification and advocacy. Findings from the interviews suggested that decision-makers lacked trust in the modelled PfPR maps when based on only a few empirical data points (Malawi and DRC).Conclusions Maps were generally used to identify areas with high prevalence in order to implement specific interventions. Despite the availability of national level modelled PfPR maps in all three countries, they were only used in one country. Perceived utility of malaria risk maps was associated with the epidemiological structure of the country and use was driven by perceived need, understanding (quality and relevance), ownership and trust in the data used to develop the maps.
Can 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography / computerized tomography provide an accurate lymph node staging for patients with medium / high risk prostate cancer? A Diagnostic Meta-Analysis
Authors: Peng Lei , Li Jinze , Meng Chuanyang , Li Jinming , You Chengyu , Tang Dandan , Wei Tangqiang , Xiong Wei , Li Yunxiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: This article aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of 68Gallium-PSMA positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (68Ga-PSMA PET/CT) for lymph node (LN) staging in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) by a meta-analysis of diagnostic tests.Methods: We systematically retrieved articles from Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, PubMed. The time limit is from the creation of the database until June 2019, and Stata 15 was used for calculation and statistical analyses.Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR, NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) be used to evaluate the diagnostic value. A total of 10 studies were included in our meta-analysis, which included 701 individuals. The results of each consolidated summary are as follows: sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.55-0.95), specificity of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.87-0.98), PLR and NLR was 17.19 (95% CI: 6.27, 47.17) and 0.17 (95% CI: 0.05-0.56), respectively. DOR of 100 (95% CI: 18-545), AUC of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT has a high overall diagnostic value for LN staging in patients with moderate and high-risk PCa. But our conclusions still require a larger sample size, multi-center prospective randomized controlled trial to verify.
Unmet mental health needs in the general population: perspectives of Belgian health and social care professionals
Authors: Rens Eva , Dom Geert , Remmen Roy , Michielsen Joris , Broeck Kris Van den 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: An unmet mental health need exists when someone has a mental health problem but doesn’t receive formal care, or when the care received is insufficient or inadequate. Epidemiological research has identified both structural and attitudinal barriers to care which lead to unmet mental health needs, but reviewed literature has shown gaps in qualitative research on unmet mental health needs. This study aimed to explore unmet mental health needs in the general population from the perspective of professionals working with vulnerable groups. Methods: Four focus group discussions and two interviews with 34 participants were conducted from October 2019 to January 2020. Participants’ professional backgrounds encompassed social work, mental health care and primary care in one rural and one urban primary care zone in Antwerp, Belgium. A topic guide was used to prompt discussions about which groups have high unmet mental health needs and why. Transcripts were coded using thematic analysis.Results: Five themes emerged, which are subdivided in several subthemes: (1) socio-demographic determinants and disorder characteristics associated with unmet mental health needs; (2) demand-side barriers; (3) supply-side barriers; (4) consequences of unmet mental health needs; and (5) suggested improvements for meeting unmet mental health needs. Conclusions: Findings of epidemiological research were largely corroborated. Some additional groups with high unmet needs were identified. Professionals argued that they are often confronted with cases which are too complex for regular psychiatric care and highlighted the problem of care avoidance. Important system-level factors include waiting times of subsidized services and cost of non-subsidized services. Feelings of burden and powerlessness are common among professionals who are often confronted with unmet needs. Professionals discussed future directions for an equitable mental health care provision, which should be accessible and targeted at those in the greatest need. Further research is needed to include the patients’ perspective of unmet mental health needs.
Point-of-care 3D printing during the COVID-19 pandemic. What role does the manufacturing university hospital play?
Authors: Perez-Mañanes Ruben , José Sonia García de San , Desco-Menéndez Manuel , Sánchez-Arcilla Ignacio , González-Fernández Esmeralda , Vaquero-Martín Javier , González-Garzón Javier Pascau , Mediavilla-Santos Lydia , Trapero-Moreno Diego , Calvo-Haro José Antonio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Point-of-care (POC) manufacturing and distributed production represent a paradigm shift in the health system that is becoming critical during the COVID-19 pandemic. University hospitals are also taking on the role of manufacturers of custom-made solutions thanks to 3D printing technology. Case Description We present a monocentric observational study regarding the distributed manufacture of three groups of products during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic from 14 March to 10 May 2020: personal protective equipment, ventilatory support, and diagnostic and consumable products.Discussion and Evaluation Networking during this period has enabled the delivery of a total of 17,276 units of products manufactured using 3D printing technology. The most manufactured product was the face shields and ear savers, while the one that achieved the greatest clinical impact was the mechanical ventilation adapters and swabs. The products were manufactured by individuals in 57.3% of the cases, and our hospital acted as the main delivery node in a hub with 10 other hospitals. The main advantage of this production model is the fast response to stock needs, being able to adapt almost in real time.Conclusions The role of the manufacturing hospital allows the reconciliation of in-house and distributed manufacturing with traditional production, providing custom-made adaptation of the specifications, as well as maximum efficiency in the working and availability of resources, which is of special importance at critical times for health systems such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Evaluation of different airway tests to determine difficult intubation in apparently normal adult patients undergoing surgical procedures.
Authors: EL-Radaideh Khaled , Dheeb Ehab , Shboul Hamzeh , Garaibeh Saif , Bataineh Adel , Khraise Wail , Radaideh Basil EL 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Inadequate maintenance of a patient's airway represents a major cause of anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to evaluate common preoperative clinical tests to determine the risk of difficult endotracheal intubation in apparent "normal" adult patients undergoing surgical procedures.﻿Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was performed on 160 consecutive adult patients undergoing surgical procedures at an academic medical center in Jordan from 20 May 2019 until 11 February 2020. Preoperative assessment of airway risk stratification was performed by the following clinical tests: the mandible protrusion test (MPT), thyromental (TMD) and sternomental (SMD) distances, inter-incisor gap (IIG), and the modified Mallampati tests with tongue protrusion (MMT-TP) and without tongue protrusion (MMT-NTP). Grade C on the MPT, TMD ≤ 6 cm, SMD ≤ 12 cm, and MMT grades III and IV were considered to be predictors of difficult endotracheal intubations. A modified Cormack-Lehane grading (MCLG) of laryngoscopic views with backward, upward, and right-sided pressure on the thyroid and cricoid cartilages (BURP) maneuver was also documented, with grades 2B, 3, and 4 considered to be difficult airways for intubation. Results: Fifteen patients (9.4%) were classified as MCLG 2B, 3, and 4, with age significantly associated with the MCLG grade (P = 0.028). The sensitivity and Youden's index of MMT-TP were found to be the lowest (40% and 0.29, respectively). The MPT was the most accurate and specific test (90.63% and 95.17%, respectively), with the highest PPV (50%), Youden's index (0.42), and area under the curve (AUC) (0.781). Bivariant analysis of MPT and the t-test of the mean TMDs and SMDs revealed significant associations between these airway tests and the difficulty of intubation (P values: < 0.001, 0.02, < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: The MPT, with its highest accuracy, specificity, positive predictive value, and good sensitivity may be used as a routine screening test for preoperative prediction of difficult endotracheal intubations.
Effectiveness Of Fiberoptic Phototherapy Compared To Conventional Phototherapy In Treating Hyperbilirubinemia Amongst Term Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Joel Helvi Ndeshihala , Mchaile Deborah , Philemon Rune , Mbwasi Ronald , Msuya Levina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in newborns. Effective treatment of jaundice requires therapeutic intervention with phototherapy. Over recent years, several studies reported fiberoptic phototherapy to be less effective than conventional phototherapy in term neonates. Our study aimed to compare the effectiveness of fiberoptic phototherapy with a larger illuminated area and higher irradiance to conventional phototherapy methods. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). A total of 41 term neonates, less than 7 days of age with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were randomized. Thirteen (13) newborns were allocated to receive fiberoptic phototherapy, 13 to blue light conventional phototherapy and 15 to white light conventional phototherapy. Effectiveness was assessed by comparing the duration of phototherapy, bilirubin reduction rate and side effects of treatment. The data was analyzed with the independent t-test.Results: The mean overall bilirubin reduction rate was comparable in the fiberoptic phototherapy group (0.74%/h) and the blue light conventional phototherapy group (0.84%/h), with no statistically significant difference (p-value 0.124). However, white light conventional phototherapy had a significantly lower mean overall bilirubin reduction rate (0.29%/h) as compared to fiberoptic phototherapy (p-value <0.001). The mean treatment duration of phototherapy was 69 h, 68 h and 90 h in the fiberoptic, blue light conventional and white light conventional phototherapy groups respectively. Side effects such as loose stool and skin rash were noted in some participants who received conventional phototherapy. No side effects of treatment were noted in the fiberoptic phototherapy group.Conclusion: The effectiveness of fiberoptic PT and blue light conventional PT were comparable in terms of bilirubin reduction rate and treatment duration, whereas fiberoptic phototherapy was more effective than white light conventional PT, with a significantly lower bilirubin reduction rate and treatment duration. Fiberoptic phototherapy may mitigate side effects caused by conventional phototherapy.Trial registration: The Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, PACTR202004723570110. Registered 22nd April 2020- Retrospectively registered, http://www.pactr.org/
CCBlock based on deep learning for diagnosis COVID-19 in chest x-ray image
Authors: Al-Bawi Ali , Al-Kaabi Karrar Ali , Jeryo Mohammed , Al-Fatlawi Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Propose: Troubling countries one after another, the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected the health and well-being of the world's population. The disease may continue to persist more extensively due to the increasing number of new cases daily, the rapid spread of the virus, and delay in the PCR analysis results. Therefore, it is necessary to consider developing assistive methods for detecting and diagnosing the COVID-19 to eradicate the spread of the novel coronavirus among people. Based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), automated detection systems have shown promising results of diagnosing patients with the COVID-19 through radiography; thus, they are introduced as a workable solution to the COVID-19 diagnosis.Materials and Methods: Based on the enhancement of the classical visual geometry group (VGG) network with the convolutional COVID block (CCBlock), an efficient screening model was proposed in this study to diagnose and distinguish patients with the COVID-19 from those with pneumonia and the healthy people through radiography. The model testing dataset included 1,828 x-ray images available on public platforms. 310 images were showing confirmed COVID-19 cases, 864 images indicating pneumonia cases, and 654 images showing healthy people.Results: According to the test results, enhancing the classical VGG network with radiography provided the highest diagnosis performance and overall accuracy of 98.52% for two classes as well as accuracy of 95.34% for three classes.Conclusions: According to the results, using the enhanced VGG deep neural network can help radiologists automatically diagnose the COVID-19 through radiography.