bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resection vs. ablation for lesions characterized as resectable-ablative within the colorectal liver oligometastases criteria: a propensity score matching from retrospective study
Authors: Luo Ma , Chen Si-Liang , Chen Jiawen , Yan Huzheng , Qiu Zhenkang , Chen Guanyu , Lu Ligong , Zhang Fujun 
Published: January 2020

Background
There has been no prospective or retrospective studies reporting the comparison outcome between surgery and ablation for resectable-ablative (lesions could be treated by resection or complete ablation) colorectal liver oligometastases (CLOM). The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and prognostic difference in patients who underwent R0 resection vs. complete ablation within the resectable-ablative CLOM criteria.

Methods
From January 2008 to May 2018, a total of 2,367 patients diagnosed with colorectal liver metastases were included in this observational study. The metastasis was characterized by only limited to liver with number ≤5, size ≤5 cm, and resectable-ablative (lesions could be treated by resection or complete ablation). The evaluated indications, including liver progression-free survival (LPFS), overall survival (OS), survival rates, pattern and number of recurrences, and complications, were compared by using propensity score matching (PSM). The Kaplan−Meier curves were generated, and a log-rank test was performed. The Cox regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses to identify predictors of outcomes.

Results
A total of 421 consecutive patients were eligible for this study, with 250 and 171 undergoing R0 resection and complete ablation, respectively. PSM identified 145 patients from each group. The 1-, 3-, 5- and 8-year OS rates in the resection group and the ablation group were 95.8% vs. 95.0%, 69.8% vs. 60.1%, 53.6% vs. 42.5%, and 45.1% vs. 32.9% (p = 0.075), respectively. The median LPFS in the resection group was significantly longer than that in the ablation group (35 months vs. 15 months, p = 0.011). No statistical difference was found in LPFS between the two groups when comparing ≤3 cm liver metastases. For liver metastasis >3 cm, the median LPFS in the resection group and ablation group was 11 months and 5 months, respectively (p = 0.001). In terms of high risk of clinical risk score (CRS), the resection group showed longer LPFS than the ablation group (median 18 months vs. 10 months, p = 0.043).

Conclusion
For patients within the CLOM criteria suggesting that liver metastases were resectable as well as ablative, resection could result in longer liver recurrence-free survival than ablation in cases with size >3 cm or high risk of CRS. But for ≤3 cm liver metastases, their treatment efficacies were comparable.
The diagnostic and prognostic value of UBE2T in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Yu Hua , Wang Han , Dong Wei , Cao Zhen-Ying , Li Rong , Yang Chao , Cong Wen-Ming , Dong Hui , Jin Guang-Zhi 
Published: January 2020

Background
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) is overexpressed in several types of malignancies. However, little is known about its diagnostic significance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and other bile duct diseases or its prognostic value in ICC.

Methods
The expression levels of UBE2T in the intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD, N = 13), biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN; BilIN-1/2, N = 23; BilIN-3, N = 11), and ICC (N = 401) were examined by immunohistochemistry. The differential diagnostic and prognostic values were also assessed.

Results
The number of UBE2T-positive cells was significantly higher in ICC tissues than in nonmalignant tissues, including the IHBD, BilIN-1/2, and BilIN-3 tissues. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that overexpression of UBE2T was correlated with a shorter time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS). The 5-year TTR rates in the high UBE2T and low UBE2T groups were 100% and 86.2%, respectively. The corresponding OS rates were 1.9% and 22.2%, respectively. High expression of UBE2T was an independent risk factor for both TTR (hazard ratio: 1.345; 95% confidence interval: 1.047,1.728) and OS (hazard ratio: 1.420; 95% confidence interval: 1.098,1.837).

Conclusions
UBE2T can assist in differentiating benign bile duct diseases from ICC, and high expression of UBE2T suggests a poor prognosis for ICC.
Sequence Analysis of Plasmids in Vibrio anguillarum from Different Fish and Locations
Authors: Akter Tasmina , Lindegaard Mikkel , Pedersen Karl , Strube Mikael L. , Ronco Troels , Dalsgaard Inger 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The genetic diversity of Vibrio anguillarum pJM1-like plasmids was investigated. Plasmids were isolated from 18 V. anguillarum serovar O1 strains collected from different geographic locations and fish species. The plasmids were sequenced and compared with the complete sequence of the published virulence plasmid pJM1. All 18 strains contained pJM1-like plasmids with approximately 65 kbp and all plasmids encoded the virulence genes responsible for the anguibactin iron sequestering system. The plasmids were highly conserved but minor differences were observed in some genes. A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis showed 0–11 nucleotide variations between each of the 18 plasmids and the pJM1 plasmid. Compared with the sequence of pJM1, nonsynonymous SNPs were identified in fatC, angR, angL, pJM1_p19, and angE. In particular, a mutation found in 15 out of 18 sequenced plasmids in angR has previously been linked to hyperproduction of anguibactin and was found in all the European isolates. However, overall the pJM1-like plasmids isolated from V. anguillarum serovar O1 exhibited a high degree of conservation regardless of their geographical origin or fish species.
Active Reconfigurable Tristable Square‐Twist Origami
Authors: Wang Li‐Chen , Song Wei‐Li , Zhang Ya‐Jing , Qu Mei‐Jun , Zhao Zeang , Chen Mingji , Yang Yazheng , Chen Haosen , Fang Daining 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrigami structures offer valuable applications in many fields, ranging from metamaterials to robotics. The multistable characteristics of origami structures have been pursued for acquiring unique reconfigurable features. For achieving this goal, an unusual polymeric tristable origami structure is demonstrated using a classic square‐twist origami configuration. By manipulating both material properties and geometric parameters of the heteropolymer structures, a design principle for tailoring the multistable configuration in the square‐twist origami is established based on variation of the structural potential energy. Under thermal triggering, the stiffness of the deformable structure is dramatically reduced, which causes an increase in the structural degree of freedom, allowing for self‐deployment via release of the prestored energy in the elastic twisted hinges. Utilizing such unique features and design principles, a prototype of frequency reconfigurable origami antenna of five diverse operating modes and a programmable multiple‐input multiple‐output communication system is subsequently designed and assembled, aiming to substantially promote the channel capacity and communication reliability. The findings and results firmly provide a remarkable design principle and strategy for advancing active origami structures and devices in shape‐morphing systems.
A Low‐Current and Analog Memristor with Ru as Mobile Species
Authors: Yoon Jung Ho , Zhang Jiaming , Lin Peng , Upadhyay Navnidhi , Yan Peng , Liu Yuzi , Xia Qiangfei , Yang J. Joshua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe switching parameters and device performance of memristors are predominately determined by their mobile species and matrix materials. Devices with oxygen or oxygen vacancies as the mobile species usually exhibit a great retention but also need a relatively high switching current (e.g., >30 µA), while devices with Ag or Cu as cation mobile species do not require a high switching current but usually show a poor retention. Here, Ru is studied as a new type of mobile species for memristors to achieve low switching current, fast speed, good reliability, scalability, and analog switching property simultaneously. An electrochemical metallization‐like memristor with a stack of Pt/Ta2O5/Ru is developed. Migration of Ru ions is revealed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy mapping and in situ transmission electron microscopy within a sub‐10 nm active device area before and after switching. The results open up a new avenue to engineer memristors for desired properties.
Active Metamaterials with Negative Static Electric Susceptibility
Authors: Castles Flynn , Fells Julian A. J. , Isakov Dmitry , Morris Stephen M. , Watt Andrew A. R. , Grant Patrick S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough well‐established textbook arguments suggest that static electric susceptibility χ(0) must be positive in “all bodies,” it has been pointed out that materials that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium are not necessarily subject to this restriction. Media with inverted populations of atomic and molecular energy levels have been predicted theoretically to exhibit a χ(0) < 0 state, however the systems envisioned require reduced temperature, reduced pressure, and an external pump laser to maintain the population inversion. Further, the existence of χ(0) < 0 has never been confirmed experimentally. Here, a completely different approach is taken to the question of χ(0) < 0 and a design concept to achieve “true” χ(0) < 0 is proposed based on active metamaterials with internal power sources. Two active metamaterial structures are fabricated that, despite still having their power sources implemented externally for reasons of practical convenience, provide evidence in support of the general concept. Effective values are readily achieved at room temperature and pressure and are tunable throughout the range of stability −1 < χ(0) < 0, resulting in experimentally‐determined magnitudes that are over one thousand times greater than those predicted previously. Since χ(0) < 0 is the missing electric analog of diamagnetism, this work opens the door to new technological capabilities such as stable electrostatic levitation.
A Single‐Ion Conducting Borate Network Polymer as a Viable Quasi‐Solid Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Shin Dong‐Myeong , Bachman Jonathan E. , Taylor Mercedes K. , Kamcev Jovan , Park Jesse G. , Ziebel Michael E. , Velasquez Ever , Jarenwattananon Nanette N. , Sethi Gurmukh K. , Cui Yi , Long Jeffrey R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries have remained a state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical energy storage technology for decades now, but their energy densities are limited by electrode materials and conventional liquid electrolytes can pose significant safety concerns. Lithium metal batteries featuring Li metal anodes, solid polymer electrolytes, and high‐voltage cathodes represent promising candidates for next‐generation devices exhibiting improved power and safety, but such solid polymer electrolytes generally do not exhibit the required excellent electrochemical properties and thermal stability in tandem. Here, an interpenetrating network polymer with weakly coordinating anion nodes that functions as a high‐performing single‐ion conducting electrolyte in the presence of minimal plasticizer, with a wide electrochemical stability window, a high room‐temperature conductivity of 1.5 × 10−4 S cm−1, and exceptional selectivity for Li‐ion conduction (tLi+ = 0.95) is reported. Importantly, this material is also flame retardant and highly stable in contact with lithium metal. Significantly, a lithium metal battery prototype containing this quasi‐solid electrolyte is shown to outperform a conventional battery featuring a polymer electrolyte.
Retina‐Inspired Carbon Nitride‐Based Photonic Synapses for Selective Detection of UV Light
Authors: Park Hea‐Lim , Kim Haeju , Lim Donggyu , Zhou Huanyu , Kim Young‐Hoon , Lee Yeongjun , Park Sungjin , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhotonic synapses combine sensing and processing in a single device, so they are promising candidates to emulate visual perception of a biological retina. However, photonic synapses with wavelength selectivity, which is a key property for visual perception, have not been developed so far. Herein, organic photonic synapses that selectively detect UV rays and process various optical stimuli are presented. The photonic synapses use carbon nitride (C3N4) as an UV‐responsive floating‐gate layer in transistor geometry. C3N4 nanodots dominantly absorb UV light; this trait is the basis of UV selectivity in these photonic synapses. The presented devices consume only 18.06 fJ per synaptic event, which is comparable to the energy consumption of biological synapses. Furthermore, in situ modulation of exposure to UV light is demonstrated by integrating the devices with UV transmittance modulators. These smart systems can be further developed to combine detection and dose‐calculation to determine how and when to decrease UV transmittance for preventive health care.
Achieving Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction over a Ni5P4 Catalyst Incorporating Single‐Atomic Ru Sites
Authors: He Qun , Tian Dong , Jiang Hongliang , Cao Dengfeng , Wei Shiqiang , Liu Daobin , Song Pin , Lin Yue , Song Li 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeveloping efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline water electrolysis is central to substantial progress of alkaline hydrogen production. Herein, a Ni5P4 electrocatalyst incorporating single‐atom Ru (Ni5P4‐Ru) is synthesized through the filling of Ru3+ species into the metal vacancies of nickel hydroxides and subsequent phosphorization treatment. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, X‐ray‐based measurements, and electron microscopy observations confirm the strong interaction between the nickel‐vacancy defect and Ru cation, resulting in more than 3.83 wt% single‐atom Ru incorporation in the obtained Ni5P4‐Ru. The Ni5P4‐Ru as an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst achieves low onset potential of 17 mV and an overpotential of 54 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm‐2 together with a small Tafel slope of 52.0 mV decade‐1 and long‐term stability. Further spectroscopy analyses combined with density functional theory calculations reveal that the doped Ru sites can cause localized structure polarization, which brings the low energy barrier for water dissociation on Ru site and the optimized hydrogen adsorption free energy on the interstitial site, well rationalizing the experimental reactivity.
The Rise of 2D Photothermal Materials beyond Graphene for Clean Water Production
Authors: Xie Zhongjian , Duo Yanhong , Lin Zhitao , Fan Taojian , Xing Chenyang , Yu Li , Wang Renheng , Qiu Meng , Zhang Yupeng , Zhao Yonghua , Yan Xiaobing , Zhang Han 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWater shortage is one of the most concerning global challenges in the 21st century. Solar‐inspired vaporization employing photothermal nanomaterials is considered to be a feasible and green technology for addressing the water challenge by virtue of abundant and clean solar energy. 2D nanomaterials aroused considerable attention in photothermal evaporation‐induced water production owing to their large absorption surface, strong absorption in broadband solar spectrum, and efficient photothermal conversion. Herein, the recent progress of 2D nanomaterials‐based photothermal evaporation, mainly including emerging Xenes (phosphorene, antimonene, tellurene, and borophene) and binary‐enes (MXenes and transition metal dichalcogenides), is reviewed. Then, the optimization strategies for higher evaporation performance are summarized in terms of modulation of the intrinsic photothermal performance of 2D nanomaterials and design of the complete evaporation system. Finally, the challenges and prospective of various kinds of 2D photothermal nanomaterials are discussed in terms of the photothermal performance, stability, environmental influence, and cost. One important principle is that solutions for water challenges should not introduce new environmental and social problems. This Review aims to highlight the role of 2D photothermal nanomaterials in solving water challenges and provides a viable scheme toward the practical use in photothermal materials selection, design, and evaporation systems building.
Pressure‐Induced Structural Evolution and Bandgap Optimization of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskite (NH4)2SeBr6
Authors: Wang Lingrui , Yao Panpan , Wang Fei , Li Shunfang , Chen Yaping , Xia Tianyu , Guo Erjia , Wang Kai , Zou Bo , Guo Haizhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLead‐free halide double perovskites (HDPs) are promising candidates for high‐performance solar cells because of their environmentally‐friendly property and chemical stability in air. The power conversion efficiency of HDPs‐based solar cells needs to be further improved before their commercialization in the market. It requires a thoughtful understanding of the correlation between their specific structure and property. Here, the structural and optical properties of an important HDP‐based (NH4)2SeBr6 are investigated under high pressure. A dramatic piezochromism is found with the increase in pressure. Optical absorption spectra reveal the pressure‐induced red‐shift in bandgap with two distinct anomalies at 6.57 and 11.18 GPa, and the energy tunability reaches 360 meV within 20.02 GPa. Combined with structural characterizations, Raman and infrared spectra, and theoretical calculations using density functional theory, results reveal that, the first anomaly is caused by the formation of a Br‐Br bond among the [SeBr6]2− octahedra, and the latter is attributed to a cubic‐to‐tetragonal phase transition. These results provide a clear correlation between the chemical bonding and optical properties of (NH4)2SeBr6. It is believed that the proposed strategy paves the way to optimize the optoelectronic properties of HDPs and further stimulate the development of next‐generation clear energy based on HDPs solar cells.
Strain–Chemical Gradient and Polarization in Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Liu Yongtao , Ievlev Anton V. , Collins Liam , Belianinov Alex , Keum Jong K. , Ahmadi Mahshid , Jesse Stephen , Retterer Scott T. , Xiao Kai , Huang Jingsong , Sumpter Bobby G. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Hu Bin , Ovchinnikova Olga S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted broad research interest due to their outstanding optoelectronic performance. This performance has been attributed in part to the presence of polarization in these materials. However, the precise effects of chemical environment and strain condition on the polar states in MHPs have largely been missing. It is revealed for the first time that chemical gradient is directly coupled with strain gradient in CH3NH3PbI3. This strain–chemical gradient induces an electric polarization that can potentially affect charge carrier dynamics. Furthermore, it is unveiled that this electric polarization—unlike ferroelectricity that only exists in noncentrosymmetric materials—can be present in both tetragonal and cubic phases of CH3NH3PbI3. This suggests that the strain–chemical gradient induced polarization is a more convincing explanation of the outstanding photovoltaic properties of MHPs than the hotly debated ferroelectric polarization. Finally, a mechanism of how this polarization impacts photovoltaic action is proposed, which offers insightful advances in the development of MHPs.
Transition Metal‐Mediated C−C Single Bond Cleavage: Making the Cut in Total Synthesis
Authors: Wang Brian , Perea Melecio A. , Sarpong Richmond 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTransition‐metal‐mediated cleavage of C−C single bonds can enable entirely new retrosynthetic disconnections in the total synthesis of natural products. Given that C−C bond cleavage inherently alters the carbon framework of a compound, and that, under transition‐metal catalysis, the generated organometallic or radical intermediate is primed for further complexity‐building reactivity, C−C bond‐cleavage events have the potential to drastically and rapidly remodel skeletal frameworks. The recent acceleration of the use of transition‐metal‐mediated cleavage of C−C single bonds in total synthesis can be ascribed to a communal recognition of this fact. In this Review, we highlight ten selected total syntheses from 2014 to 2019 that illustrate how transition‐metal‐mediated cleavage of C−C single bonds at either the core or the periphery of synthetic intermediates can streamline synthetic efforts.
Total Synthesis of Tetrodotoxin
Authors: Murakami Keigo , Toma Tatsuya , Fukuyama Tohru , Yokoshima Satoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA total synthesis of tetrodotoxin was accomplished. A Diels–Alder reaction between a known enone and a siloxy diene gave a tricyclic product, the steric bias of which was used to construct the remaining stereogenic centers. A nitrogen atom was introduced either by a four‐step sequence involving a Curtius rearrangement, or a three‐step sequence featuring a newly developed transformation of a terminal alkyne into a nitrile. Introduction of the guanidine moiety followed by the formation of the heterocyclic system by cascade reactions led to tetrodotoxin.
Surface Reorganization on Electrochemically‐Induced Zn–Ni–Co Spinel Oxides for Enhanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Tong , Ouyang Ting , Wang Ling , Zhong Jia‐Huan , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, we highlight redox‐inert Zn2+ in spinel‐type oxide (ZnXNi1−XCo2O4) to synergistically optimize physical pore structure and increase the formation of active species on the catalyst surface. The presence of Zn2+ segregation has been identified experimentally and theoretically under oxygen‐evolving condition, the newly formed VZn−O−Co allows more suitable binding interaction between the active center Co and the oxygenated species, resulting in superior ORR performance. Moreover, a liquid flow Zn–air battery is constituted employing the structurally optimized Zn0.4Ni0.6Co2O4 nanoparticles supported on N‐doped carbon nanotube (ZNCO/NCNTs) as an efficient air cathode, which presents remarkable power density (109.1 mW cm−2), high open circuit potential (1.48 V vs. Zn), excellent durability, and high‐rate performance. This finding could elucidate the experimentally observed enhancement in the ORR activity of ZnXNi1−XCo2O4 oxides after the OER test.
Heart‐Cut Two‐Dimensional Countercurrent Chromatography for the Isolation of a Furan Fatty Acid Triacylglycerol from Latex Gloves and Identification of Further Lipid Compounds
Authors: Wiedmaier‐Czerny Nina , Müller Marco , Vetter Walter 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHevea brasiliensis latex from specific genotypes such as RRIM501 or PB235 is one of the richest natural sources of furan fatty acid 9‐(3‐methyl‐5‐pentylfuran‐2‐yl)‐nonanoic acid (9M5), which is mainly present in the form of triacylglycerols. In this study, we successfully isolated a triacylglycerol esterified with three 9M5 molecules (tri‐9M5) with a purity of 97% from the lipid extract of latex gloves by means of countercurrent chromatography (CCC). The gas chromatography with a mass spectrometry (GC/MS) spectrum of tri‐9M5 not only featured the diagnostic fragment ion [M‐RCOO]+ of triacylglycerols but also a fragment ion shifted by 16 Da to higher mass which corresponded with [M‐RCO]+. [M‐RCO]+ was only detected in triacylglycerols substituted with at least one furan fatty acid. Additionally, five γ‐tocotrienyl fatty acid esters (γ‐T3‐FA esters), namely, γ‐T3‐16:0, γ‐T3‐18:0, γ‐T3‐18:1n‐9, γ‐T3‐18:2n‐6 and γ‐T3‐20:0, were detected in the sample. Contributions of γ‐T3‐FA esters with 18:1n‐9 and 18:2n‐6 which co‐eluted in GC/MS could be calculated after mathematical correction for contributions of the 13C2 isotope peak of γ‐T3‐18:2n‐6 to γ‐T3‐18:1n‐9. This was necessary for quantitation of these two γ‐T3‐FA esters. Improved separation of the γ‐T3‐FA esters could be achieved by the novel heart‐cut recycling CCC mode (four cycles). Sterols detected in disposable latex gloves were β‐sitosterol, Δ5‐avenasterol, and stigmasterol along with small quantities of 24‐methylene‐cycloartenol and Δ5‐citrostadienol.