bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of Hydroxyl‐Rich Ti3C2Tx MXene Quantum Dots for High‐Performance Electrochemical N2 Reduction
Authors: Jin Zhaoyong , Liu Chuangwei , Liu Zaichun , Han Jingrui , Fang Yanfeng , Han Yaqian , Niu Yusheng , Wu Yuping , Sun Chenghua , Xu Yuanhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo enable an efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) the development of an electrocatalyst with a high NH3 yield and good selectivity is required. In this work, Ti3C2Tx MXene‐derived quantum dots (Ti3C2Tx QDs) with abundant active sites enable the development of efficient NRR electrocatalysts. Given surface functional groups play a key role on the electrocatalytic performance, density functional theory calculations are first conducted, clarifying that hydroxyl groups on Ti3C2Tx offer excellent NRR activity. Accordingly, hydroxyl‐rich Ti3C2Tx QDs (Ti3C2OH QDs) are synthesized as NRR catalysts by alkalization and intercalation. This material offers an NH3 yield and Faradaic efficiency of 62.94 µg h−1 mg−1cat. and 13.30% at −0.50 V, respectively, remarkably higher than reported MXene catalysts. This work demonstrates that MXene catalysts can be mediated through the optimization of both QDs sizes and functional groups for efficient ammonia production at room temperature.
Elucidating the influence of resident seed and soil microbiota on the developing creeping bentgrass microbiome
Authors: Doherty Joseph R. , Crouch Jo Anne , Roberts Joseph A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCharacterization of the plant microbiome may allow for the development of diagnostic tools or improvements in plant health. To that end, this project sought to determine the influence that resident seed and soil microbiota exert on the developing creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L. cv. 007) microbiome. A sterile growth environment was created in a laminar flow hood. Sterile 50 ml conical tubes were filled with autoclaved or non‐autoclaved soil (85% sand and 15% peat) and seeded with 007 creeping bentgrass. Foliage and rhizosphere samples were taken at emergence, 2, 4, and 6 wk post‐emergence, and soil samples were taken at the conclusion of the experiment. Amplicon sequencing libraries were generated from extracted environmental DNA, sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq, and analyzed in R. After quality control 3.32 × 107 sequences were grouped into 2,273 bacterial and 303 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Bacterial and fungal ASVs were predominantly members of the Proteobacteria and Eurotiomycetes, respectively. Over the 6‐wk sampling period the microbial communities were stable, with taxonomic shifts occurring mainly in low relative abundant taxa. Ordination of Bray‐Curtis distance matrices revealed significant differences in community centroids between grass planted in autoclaved and non‐autoclaved soil. However, taxonomic profiling showed these differences were due to shifts in taxa present at low relative abundances <.5%). Data show that the microbiota originating from the seed exerts only a minimal influence over the microbiome of developing creeping bentgrass compared to the soil microbiome.
Effects of inter‐species chromosome substitution on cottonseed mineral and protein nutrition profiles
Authors: He Zhongqi , Zhang Hailin , Fang David D. , Zeng Linghe , Jenkins Johnie N. , McCarty Jack C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUpland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) is the major species of cotton due to its high yield and good adaptability. With much less land area, pima cotton (G. barbadenseL.) is also cultivated for its superior fibers. Existing research efforts have mainly focused on introgression of fiber quality traits from pima into upland cotton, with few on the seed mineral and protein contents. In this research, we used a multi‐parent advanced generation inter‐crossing (MAGIC) population that was derived from crosses between 18 pima cotton chromosome substitution lines and 3 Upland cultivars to understand the profile of the seed mineral and protein contents. We evaluated the contents of mineral and protein in the seeds of 21 parental and their 177 progenies. The profile patterns of these parameters were not always the same in the individual cottonseed samples. The contents of Ca, K, and B were different among both parental and progeny lines. In addition, the contents of Cu and Mn were also different (p ≤ .05) among the 21 parents. In contrast, there were four additional elements (Mg, Fe, Zn, and Ni) differing significantly in content among the progeny samples. These observations implied that chromosome substitution had impacts on the profile of the mineral nutrients in cottonseed. The data identifying the top five cotton lines with the highest and lowest contents of each element and protein provide a base for researchers and breeders to select better and/or preferred seed quality, in addition to the assurance of lint yield and quality, for further development.
The role of auxin in developmentally regulated programmed cell death in lace plant
Authors: Denbigh Georgia L. , Dauphinee Adrian N. , Fraser Meredith S. , Lacroix Christian R. , Gunawardena Arunika H. L. A. N. 
Published: April 2020

PremiseLace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis) leaves are remodeled via developmental programmed cell death (PCD) to produce perforations located equidistantly between longitudinal and transverse veins. Auxin has been implicated in other developmental PCD processes in plants; however, the role of auxin in perforation formation in lace plant is unknown. Here the role of auxin in developmental PCD in lace plant was studied using two auxin inhibitors N‐1‐naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an auxin transport inhibitor, and auxinole, a potent auxin antagonist.MethodsSterile cultures of lace plants were propagated and treated with NPA or auxinole. Leaf length, leaf width, and number of perforations were then analyzed. Vein patterning and perforation area were further examined in NPA‐treated plants. Downstream PCD transduction events were investigated via spectrophotometric assays, histochemical staining, and immuno‐probing.ResultsLace plants treated with NPA or auxinole produced leaves with fewer perforations compared to their respective controls. Although NPA treatment was insufficient to completely alter vein patterning, NPA‐treated leaves did have significantly more atypical areoles compared to control leaves. Events involved in perforation formation in lace plant leaves were altered following treatment with NPA, including anthocyanin production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c.ConclusionsOur results indicated that inhibition of auxin signaling disrupts several downstream features of the lace plant PCD signaling cascade and results in fewer or no perforations. Therefore, we concluded that auxin signaling is important for developmentally regulated PCD in lace plant leaves.
4H leukodystrophy caused by a homozygous POLR3B mutation: Further delineation of the phenotype
Authors: Verberne Eline A. , Dalen Meurs Lotje , Wolf Nicole I. , van Haelst Mieke M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract4H leukodystrophy, also known as Pol III‐related leukodystrophy, is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. It is caused by biallelic mutations in POLR3A, POL3RB, or POLR1C. So far, only two patients have been described with homozygosity for the common c.1568T>A (p.Val523Glu) POLR3B mutation, both of them showing a remarkably mild clinical course. Here, we report another patient with homozygosity for the same mutation, but with a more severe phenotype including ataxia, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. This information is of importance for clinicians to provide comprehensive counseling to patients with 4H leukodystrophy and their families.
Clitoral length in immature and mature captive tufted capuchin (Sapajus spp.) females: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Carosi Monica , Spani Federica , Ulland Amy E. , Scalici Massimiliano , Suomi Stephen J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuantitative data on female external genital morphology are sporadic in the primate literature, and the intraspecific and interfemale variation is especially under investigated (e.g., external clitoris length). Since in most anthropoid primate species female external genitals are relatively small and often hidden, for those species whose external clitoris is described as hypertrophic, external genital resemblance may represent a source of confusion in distinguishing the sexes at a distance. This is the case of both captive and wild tufted capuchin (Sapajus spp.) infants. We provided data on external clitoral length and investigated differences in this trait at different ages in a captive female tufted capuchin population. Since likely allometric growth describes changes in relative dimensions of parts of the body that are correlated with changes in overall size, clitoris length has been analyzed by using body weight as a covariate. We measured clitoral length by adapting a technique developed for spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). Our results suggest that the small body size may be only in part responsible of the perception of long clitoris in female infants, since the clitoris is actually longer in immature females compared to adult ones and its size is inversely related to body weight. While the cross‐sectional nature of these data does not allow for conclusive interpretation of the results, we tentatively suggest this phenomenon as a transient male‐mimicry by immature females. Our study contributed to the description of normative data in a clitoral trait, thus providing foundation for future studies about causal mechanisms and possible adaptive function(s).
Contribution of mixed pathology to medial temporal lobe atrophy in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: de Flores Robin , Wisse Laura E.M. , Das Sandhitsu R. , Xie Long , McMillan Corey T. , Trojanowski John Q. , Robinson John L. , Grossman Murray , Lee Edward , Irwin David J. , Yushkevich Paul A. , Wolk David A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionIt is unclear how different proteinopathies (tau, transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 [TDP‐43], amyloid β [Aβ], and α‐synuclein) contribute to atrophy within medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions in Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsWe utilized antemortem structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to measure MTL substructures and examined the relative contribution of tau, TDP‐43, Aβ, and α‐synuclein measured in post‐mortem tissue from 92 individuals with intermediate to high AD neuropathology. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed for each subregion in order to discriminate TDP‐43‐negative and TDP‐43‐positive patients.ResultsTDP‐43 was strongly associated with anterior MTL regions, whereas tau was relatively more associated with the posterior hippocampus. Among the MTL regions, the anterior hippocampus showed the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC).DiscussionWe found specific contributions of different pathologies on MTL substructure in this population with AD neuropathology. The anterior hippocampus may be a relevant region to detect concomitant TDP‐43 pathology in the MTL of patients with AD.
Maternal risk factors for theVACTERLassociation: AEUROCATcase–control study
Authors: van de Putte Romy , van Rooij Iris A.L.M. , Haanappel Cynthia P. , Marcelis Carlo L.M. , Brunner Han G. , Addor Marie‐Claude , Cavero‐Carbonell Clara , Dias Carlos M. , Draper Elizabeth S. , Etxebarriarteun Larraitz , Gatt Miriam , Khoshnood Babak , Kinsner‐Ovaskainen Agnieszka , Klungsoyr Kari , Kurinczuk Jenny J. , Latos‐Bielenska Anna , Luyt Karen , O'Mahony Mary T. , Miller Nicola , Mullaney Carmel , Nelen Vera , Neville Amanda J. , Perthus Isabelle , Pierini Anna , Randrianaivo Hanitra , Rankin Judith , Rissmann Anke , Rouget Florence , Schaub Bruno , Tucker David , Wellesley Diana , Wiesel Awi , Zymak‐Zakutnia Natalya , Loane Maria , Barisic Ingeborg , de Walle Hermien E.K. , Bergman Jorieke E.H. , Roeleveld Nel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe VACTERL association (VACTERL) is the nonrandom occurrence of at least three of these congenital anomalies: vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb anomalies. Despite suggestions for involvement of several genes and nongenetic risk factors from small studies, the etiology of VACTERL remains largely unknown.ObjectiveTo identify maternal risk factors for VACTERL in offspring in a large European study.MethodsA case–control study was performed using data from 28 EUROCAT registries over the period 1997–2015 with case and control ascertainment through hospital records, birth and death certificates, questionnaires, and/orpostmortemexaminations. Cases were diagnosed with VACTERL, while controls had a genetic syndrome and/or chromosomal abnormality. Data collected included type of birth defect and maternal characteristics, such as age, use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART), and chronic illnesses. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate confounder adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsThe study population consisted of 329 VACTERL cases and 49,724 controls with recognized syndromes or chromosomal abnormality. For couples who conceived through ART, we found an increased risk of VACTERL (aOR 2.3 [95% CI 1.3, 3.9]) in offspring. Pregestational diabetes (aOR 3.1 [95% CI 1.1, 8.6]) and chronic lower obstructive pulmonary diseases (aOR 3.9 [95% CI 2.2, 6.7]) also increased the risk of having a child with VACTERL. Twin pregnancies were not associated with VACTERL (aOR 0.6 [95% CI 0.3, 1.4]).ConclusionWe identified several maternal risk factors for VACTERL in offspring befitting a multifactorial etiology.
Bricolage in environmental entrepreneurship: How environmental innovators “make do” at the bottom of the pyramid
Authors: Musona Jackson , Sjögrén Helena , Puumalainen Kaisu , Syrjä Pasi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have discussed extensively the development of business solutions in resource‐constrained environments. However, understanding how local entrepreneurs engaged in environmental innovation can overcome resource constraints at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) remains an under‐researched area. Under the theoretical framework of bricolage, this study thus adopts a cross‐sector multiple case study approach to provide empirical evidence on how social and environmental entrepreneurs in Kenya design low‐cost solutions to environmental problems and for people at the BOP. The study considers environmental bricolage as a method of innovation ingenuity for social‐environmental entrepreneurs. Network, marketing, waste material, and skills and knowledge bricolage are identified as mechanisms for addressing resource challenges by social and environmental entrepreneurs when creating low‐cost and superior‐value solutions at the BOP. The study further highlights the critical role of boundary‐spanning organizations, the government, external knowledge, and technology.
Sustainability reporting quality and post‐audit financial reporting quality: Empirical evidence from the UK
Authors: Al‐Shaer Habiba 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examines whether firms that appear to exhibit high sustainability reporting quality are less likely to engage in earnings management activities, thereby delivering financial information that is more transparent and reliable than that delivered by firms that do not produce high‐quality sustainability reports. I also investigate whether the association between sustainability reporting quality and post‐audit financial reporting quality is conditional on audit effort. Analysis of data drawn from FTSE 350 companies covering 2007 to 2018 indicates that firms that produce high‐quality sustainability reports are significantly and negatively associated with earnings management metrics. More importantly, this association is moderated by audit effort, measured by audit fees, suggesting that sustainability reporting quality reflects factors considered by auditors in their audit risk assessment practices. These results remain robust after several sensitivity analyses. I conclude that firms that devote more resources to producing high‐quality sustainability reports are likely to demonstrate an overall commitment to quality that alleviates auditors' concerns about the opportunistic use of sustainability reporting and reduces business risk, thereby reducing the effort auditors expend to verify financial reports.
The impacts of perceived moral obligation and sustainability self‐identity on sustainability development: A theory of planned behavior purchase intention model of sustainability‐labeled coffee and the moderating effect of climate change skepticism
Authors: Chen Mei‐Fang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study sought to elucidate the antecedents that may influence the effect of people's purchase behavior on the Earth's sustainable development. It included people's perceived moral obligation and sustainability self‐identity in the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model to investigate attitudes among the Taiwanese public's attitude toward purchasing sustainability‐labeled coffee and their purchase intentions. The moderating effect of climate change skepticism is also considered in this study. A total of 745 nationwide and self‐reported questionnaire valid data was collected in Taiwan. Hierarchical and moderated regression analysis results indicated that the components of the TPB model had positive influences on the public's purchase intention. The public's perceived moral obligation and sustainability self‐identity, proposed for inclusion in the TPB model, had significant and positive influences on purchase intention. The extended TPB model has higher explanatory power than that of the original model. The positive relationship between sustainability self‐identity and intention to purchase sustainability‐labeled coffee was moderated by climate change skepticism. This study provides marketers and the players in the supply chain with a comprehensive framework for understanding the influence of perceived moral obligation and sustainability self‐identity on purchase intention toward sustainability‐labeled products. In addition, this study responds to a call for a more thorough investigation of the effect of people's skepticism about climate change in the context of ethical and sustainable consumption decision‐making processes.
Classification of the “human tail”: Correlation between position, associated anomalies, and causes
Authors: Tojima Sayaka , Yamada Shigehito 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionNumerous case reports have indicated that the “human tail” is not always a harmless protrusion but can be associated with anomalies such as occult dysraphic malformations. However, the definition and classification of this anomaly have not been discussed. A prevailing hypothesis is that the “human tail” is a residual embryonic tail. Herein, we attempted to classify and define the human tail and investigate the frequency of this anomaly.Materials and MethodsWe first defined the human tail as a protrusion on the dorsal side of the lumbar, sacrococcygeal, and para‐anal regions identified after birth. We collected case reports written in English, Japanese, French, German, and Italian that were published from the 1880s to the present.ResultsWe discovered two important findings: (a) the cause of this anomaly may differ even though the “tails” resemble each other closely in appearance and (b) its position tends to be correlated with the type of anomaly and its associated cause. We propose a new classification of the human tail based on these findings.ConclusionOur classification may facilitate more accurate treatment and precise case descriptions of the human tail.
Sihler's staining of the cutaneous nerves of the leg and its implications for sensory reconstruction
Authors: Lai Baian , Zhang Yunqiang , Li Hui , Yuan Wei , Yang Shengbo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to reveal the entire cutaneous nerve distribution pattern of the leg and provide a morphological basis for sensory reconstruction during skin flap transplantation.Materials and MethodsTwelve adult cadavers were fixed with formalin, and the whole leg skin with subcutaneous fat was removed close to the muscle surface. The cutaneous nerves were visualized using modified Sihler's staining to reveal the distribution and innervation density of the cutaneous nerves.ResultsThe saphenous nerve innervated the anterior part, 82.2% of the upper‐middle region of the lateral part of the anterolateral leg, and the upper 63.4% of the medial posterior leg. The superficial peroneal nerve innervated 90.1% of the lateral lower one‐third of the anterolateral leg. The medial sural cutaneous nerve covered 26.4% of the posterior leg. The lateral sural cutaneous nerve covered 42.3% (approximately 28.6% overlap with the saphenous nerve) of the upper‐middle region of the anterolateral and posterolateral leg. The number of branches differed between certain cutaneous nerves in the leg. Communications were observed between the arborizations of the four cutaneous nerves mentioned above. The highest density of primary and secondary nerve branches was observed in the upper one‐third of the lateral posterior leg. The upper one‐third of the posteromedial leg contained the highest density of intracutaneous nerve branches and highest number of total nerve branches.ConclusionsThese results may be used to map sensory regions when designing leg skin flaps for reconstruction surgery to obtain improved sensory recovery.
Inadvertent aortocoronary arteriovenous fistula after CABG: Systematic review of case reports
Authors: Chen Kai , Scridon Tudor , Chait Robert 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize published case reports of aortocoronary arteriovenous fistula (ACAVF) after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG).BackgroundInadvertent ACAVF is a rare complication following CABG. However, the incidence continues to rise, and its management details and clinical outcomes have not been well described.MethodsTo identify all published cases of ACAVF following CABG, PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched through November 2019. We defined ACAVF as inadvertent attachment of the grafting vessel onto a cardiac vein instead of targeted coronary artery. A systematic review was performed to identify the incidence, clinical features, and management outcomes.ResultsA total of 48 post‐CABG ACAVF cases were gathered. Among these patients, the mean age was 61.9 years and 79.2% were men. Most common presenting symptoms were chest pain (60.4%) and dyspnea (27.1%). The average onset of symptoms was 3 years; however, 54.2% of patients developed symptoms within the first year. The majority of cases reported targeted native vessel LAD during CABG (62.5%). Of these cases, 9 (18.8%) were managed conservatively, 8 (16.7%) chose to undergo surgery including ligation of fistula and repeat CABG, and 27 (56.3%) underwent percutaneous closure. Among these patients 13 cases (27.1%) were managed with coil embolization, 5 (10.4%) with balloon embolization, 5 (10.4%) were treated with a covered stent, and 4 (8.3%) used a vascular plug. There were no reported complications following treatment in this group.ConclusionsInadvertent ACAVF are rare following CABG. Percutaneous closure was feasible and safe in treating these patients.
Young woman with Guillain‐Barré syndrome and cervical transverse myelitis—A new GBS variant, not coincidence
Authors: Gharzeddine Jenna , Renner Brian , Wassall Natalie , Tran Kristen , Liu Antonio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA case of antibody proven Guillain Barré Syndrome in a previously healthy young female with extra clinical features, scans, and physical exam findings consistent with cervical spine and cervical medullary junction myelitis, together a new variant to consider.