bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urine collection in cervical cancer screening – analytical comparison of two HPV DNA assays
Authors: Tranberg Mette , Jensen Jørgen Skov , Bech Bodil Hammer , Andersen Berit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To reach non-participants, reluctant to undergo clinician-based cervical cancer screening and vaginal self-sampling, urine collection for high-risk human papillomavirus detection (hrHPV) may be valuable. Using two hrHPV DNA assays, we evaluated the concordance of hrHPV positivity in urine samples in comparison with vaginal self-samples and cervical cytology samples taken by the general practitioner (GP). We also studied women's acceptance of urine collection and preferences towards the different sampling procedures.Methods: One hundred fifty paired self-collected urine and vaginal samples and GP-collected cervical cytology samples were obtained from 30 to 59-year-old women diagnosed with ASC-US within the Danish cervical cancer screening program. After undergoing cervical cytology at the GP, the women collected first-void urine and vaginal samples at home and completed a questionnaire. Each sample was hrHPV DNA tested by the GENOMICA CLART® and COBAS® 4800 assays. Concordance in hrHPV detection between sample types was determined using Kappa (k) statistics. Sensitivity and specificity of hrHPV detection in urine was calculated using cervical sampling as reference.Results: With the COBAS assay, urine showed good concordance to the vaginal (k=0.66) self-samples and cervical samples (k =0.66) for hrHPV detection. The corresponding concordance was moderate (k=0.59 and k=0.47) using CLART. Compared to cervical sampling, urinary hrHPV detection had a sensitivity of 63.9% and a specificity of 96.5% using COBAS; compared with 51.6% and 92.4% for CLART. Invalid hrHPV test rates were 1.8% for COBAS and 26.9% for CLART. Urine collection was well-accepted and 42.3% of the women ranked it as the most preferred future screening procedure.Conclusions: Urine collection provides a well-accepted screening option. With COBAS, higher concordance between urine and vaginal self-sampling and cervical sampling for hrHPV detection was found compared to CLART. Urinary hrHPV detection with COBAS is feasible, but its accuracy may need to be improved before urine collection at home can be offered to non-participants reluctant to both cervical sampling and vaginal self-sampling.
Prognostic models for predicting overall survival and cancer-specific mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma: A competing risk analysis
Authors: Lin Kongying , Huang Qizhen , Ding Zongren , Zeng Yongyi , Liu Jingfeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most common liver cancer, is often overestimated because of deaths from other causes. This study was conducted to estimate the probability of cancer-specific mortality (CSM) of patients with HCC and establish a competing risk nomogram for predicting the CSM of among these patients HCC using a large population-based cohort. Methods: Patients diagnosed with HCC between 2004 and 2015 were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program. CSM and overall survival (OS) were the endpoints of the study. A competing risk nomogram for predicting CSM was built using the Fine and Gray regression model, and the nomogram for predicting OS was constructed with the Cox proportional hazard regression model, and 10-fold cross-validation was performed for the entire set. Results: A total of 34,957 patients were included in the study and randomly divided into a training set and validation set at a ratio of 7:3. Multivariate analysis identified age, race, surgical therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tumour diameter, and tumour staging as the independent predictive factors of CSM. In addition to these factors, sex and marital status were also identified as independent predictive factors of OS. Using these factors, corresponding nomograms were constructed for CSM and OS. In the validation set, the 5 year concordance-indices of the two nomogram models were estimated as 0.746 and 0.74. Calibration curves revealed good consistency between model predictions and observed outcomes. Furthermore, based on the results of cumulative incidence function analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients were categorised into four distinct risk subgroups, supporting the predictive performance of the models. Conclusions: In this population-based analysis, we developed and validated nomograms for individualized prediction of CSM and OS in patients with HCC.
Association between breakfast skipping and metabolic outcomes by sex, age, and work status stratification
Authors: Heo Jun , Choi Won-Jun , Ham Seunghon , Kang Seong-Kyu , Lee Wanhyung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The association between breakfast skipping and abnormal metabolic outcomes remains controversial. A comprehensive study with various stratified data is required.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between abnormal metabolic outcomes and breakfast skipping by sex, age, and work status stratification. Methods: We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2013-2018. A total of 21,193 (9,022 men and 12,171 women) participants were included in the final analysis. The risk of metabolic outcomes linked to breakfast skipping was estimated using the negative binomial regression analysis by sex, work status, and age stratification. Results: A total of 11,952 (56.4%) participants consumed breakfast regularly. The prevalence of abnormal metabolic outcomes was higher among those with irregular breakfast consumption habits. Among young male workers, negative binomial regression analysis showed that irregular breakfast eaters had a higher risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes, after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.27). Conclusions: The risk of abnormal metabolic outcomes was significant in young men in the working population. Further studies are required to understand the association of specific working conditions (working hours or shift work) with breakfast intake status and the risk of metabolic diseases.
Neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity
Authors: Xu Liyang , Zhang Min , Shi Lihua , Yang Xiaoli , Chen Lu , Cao Ning , Lei Anhua , Cao Ying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies demonstrated the dependence of cancer on nerve. Recently, a growing number of studies reveal that cancer cells share the property and regulatory network with neural stem/progenitor cells. However, relationship between the property of neural stemness and cell tumorigenicity is unknown.Results: We show that neural stem/progenitor cells, but not non-neural embryonic or somatic stem/progenitor cell types, exhibit tumorigenicity and the potential for differentiation into tissue types of all germ layers when they are placed in non-native environment by transplantation into immunodeficient nude mice. Likewise, cancer cells capable of tumor initiation have the property of neural stemness because of their abilities in neurosphere formation in neural stem cell-specific serum-free medium and in differentiation potential, in addition to their neuronal differentiation potential that was characterized previously. Moreover, loss of a pro-differentiation factor in myoblasts, which have no tumorigenicity, lead to the loss of myoblast identity, and gain of the property of neural stemness, tumorigenicity and potential for re-differentiation. By contrast, loss of neural stemness via differentiation results in the loss of tumorigenicity. These suggest that the property of neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity, and tumor phenotypic heterogeneity might be an effect of differentiation potential of neural stemness. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that neural genes in general are correlated with embryonic development and cancer, in addition to their role in neural development; whereas non-neural genes are not. Most of neural specific genes emerged in typical species representing transition from unicellularity to multicellularity during evolution. Genes in Monosiga brevicollis, a unicellular species that is a closest known relative of metazoans, are biased toward neural cells.Conclusions: We suggest that the property of neural stemness is the source of cell tumorigenicity. This is due to that neural biased unicellular state is the ground state for multicellularity and hence cell type diversification or differentiation during evolution, and tumorigenesis is a process of restoration of neural ground state in somatic cells along a default route that is pre-determined by an evolutionary advantage of neural state.
SNX10 and PTGDS are Associated with the Progression and Prognosis of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Pinping , Cao Ying , Gao Feng , Sun Wei , Liu Jinhui , Ma Ziyan , Xie Manxin , Fu Shilong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is an important cause of death in women. This study sought to investigate the potential mechanism and prognostic genes of CC. Methods: We downloaded four gene expression profiles from GEO. The RRA method was used to integrate and screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CC and normal samples. Functional analysis was performed by clusterprofiler. We built PPI network by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING) and selected hub modules via Molecular COmplex Detection (MCODE). CMap database was used to find molecules with therapeutic potential for CC. The hub genes were validated in GEO datasets, Gene Expession Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), immunohistochemistry, Cox regression analysis, TCGA methylation analysis and ONCOMINE were carried out. ROC curve analysis and GSEA were also performed to describe the prognostic significance of hub genes.Results: Functional analysis revealed that 147 DEGs were significantly enriched in binding, cell proliferation, transcriptional activity and cell cycle regulation. PPI network screened 30 hub genes, with CDK1 having the strongest connectivity with CC. Cmap showed that apigenin, thioguanine and trichostatin A might be used to treat CC(P<0.05). Eight genes (APOD, CXCL8, MMP1, MMP3, PLOD2, PTGDS, SNX10 and SPP1) were screened out through GEPIA. Of them, only PTGDS and SNX10 had not appeared in previous studies about CC. The validation in GEO showed that PTGDS showed low expression in tumor tissues while SNX10 showed high expression in tumor tissues. Their expression profiles were consistent with the results in immunohistochemistry. ROC curve analysis indicated that the model had a good diagnostic efficiency(AUC= 0.738). GSEA showed that the two genes were associated with the chemokine signaling pathway(P<0.05). TCGA methylation analysis showed that patients with lowly-expressed and highly-methylated PTGDS had a worse prognosis than those with highly-expressed and lowly-methylated PTGDS (p=0.037). Cox regression analysis showed that SNX10 (P=0.007;HR=1.424;95%CI:1.103-1.838) and PTGDS (P=0.003;HR=0.802;95%CI:0.693-0.928) were independent prognostic indicators for OS among CC patients. Conclusions: PTGDS and SNX10 showed abnormal expression and methylation in CC. Both genes might have high prognostic value of CC patients..
Enhancement of Monascus yellow pigments production by activating the cAMP signalling pathway in Monascus purpureus HJ11
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Du Yun , Ma Hongmin , Pei Xiaolin , Li Mu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background : Monascus azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs), which were produced by Monascus species, have been used as important food colorant and food supplements for more than one billion people during their daily life. Moreover, MonAzPs recently have received more attention because of their diverse physiological activities. However, the high microbial production of MonAzPs is still not always guaranteed. Herein, the aim of this study was to develop an efficient biotechnological process for MonAzPs production. Results: In this study, exogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) treatment not only induced MonAzPs production, but also stimulated the expression of a cAMP phosphodiesterase gene, named as mrPDE , in M. purpureus HJ11. Subsequently, MrPDE was identified as a cAMP phosphodiesterase by in vitro enzymatic reaction with purified enzyme. Further, a gene knockout mutant of mrPDE was constructed to verify the activation of cAMP signalling pathway. Deletion of mrPDE in M. purpureus HJ11 improved cAMP concentration by 378 % and enhanced PKA kinase activity 1.5-fold, indicating that activation of cAMP signalling pathway was achieved. The Δ mrPDE strain produced MonAzPs at 8563 U/g, with a 2.3-fold increase compared with the WT strain. Moreover, the NAPDH/NADP + ratio of the Δ mrPDE strain was obviously higher than that of the wild type strain, which led to a higher proportion of yellow MonAzPs. With fed-batch fermentation of the Δ mrPDE strain, the production and yield of MonAzPs achieved 332.1 U/mL and 8739 U/g. Conclusions: A engineered M. purpureus strain for high MonAzPs production was successfully developed by activating the cAMP signalling pathway. This study not only describes a novel strategy for development of MonAzPs-producing strain, but also provides a roadmap for engineering efforts towards the production of secondary metabolism in other filamentous fungi.
Should we care about Plasmodium vivax and HIV co-infection? A systematic review and a cases series from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Del-Tejo Paola López , Cubas-Vega Nadia , Caraballo-Guerra Cecilia , Silva Bernardo Maia da , Valente Jefferson da Silva , Sampaio Vanderson Souza , Baia Djane Clarys , Castro Daniel Barros , Martinez-Espinosa Flor Ernestina , Siqueira André Machado , Lacerda Marcus Vinícius Guimarães , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Val Fernando 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Malaria and HIV are two important public health issues. However, evidence on HIV-Plasmodium vivax co-infection (HIV/PvCo) is scarce, with most of the available information related to Plasmodium falciparum on the African continent. It is unclear whether HIV can change the clinical course of vivax malaria and increase the risk of complications. In this study, a systematic review of HIV/PvCo studies was performed, and recent cases from the Brazilian Amazon were included. Methods Medical records from a tertiary care centre in the Western Brazilian Amazon (2009-2018) were reviewed to identify HIV/PvCo hospitalized patients. Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes are reported. Also, a systematic review of published studies on HIV/PvCo was conducted. Metadata, number of HIV/PvCo cases, demographic, clinical, and outcome data were extracted. Results A total of 1,048 vivax malaria patients were hospitalized in the 10-year period; 21 (2.0%) were HIV/PvCo cases, of which 9 (42.9%) had AIDS-defining illnesses. This was the first malaria episode in 11 (52.4%) patients. Seven (33.3%) patients were unaware of their HIV status and were diagnosed on hospitalization. Severe malaria was diagnosed in 5 (23.8%) patients. One patient died. The systematic review search provided 17 articles (12 cross-sectional or longitudinal studies and 5 case report studies). A higher prevalence of studies involved cases in African and Asian countries (35.3 and 29.4%, respectively), and the prevalence of reported co-infections ranged from 0.1 to 60%. Conclusion Reports of HIV/PvCo are scarce in the literature, with only a few studies describing clinical and laboratory outcomes. Systematic screening for both co-infections is not routinely performed, and therefore the real prevalence of HIV/PvCo is unknown. This study showed a low prevalence of HIV/PvCo despite the high prevalence of malaria and HIV locally. Even though relatively small, this is the largest case series to describe HIV/PvCo.
Demography and determinants of dog and cat ownership in three towns of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremedhin Endrias Zewdu , Sarba Edilu Jorga , Getaneh Abraham Mekebib , Tola Getachew Kebebew , Endale Solomon Shiferaw , Marami Lencho Megersa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The dog and cat population data is generally scarce in developing countries due to absence of surveys. The demography of owned dogs and cats, and the associated ownership characteristics, are essential for the control of pet population and zoonosis. This study was conducted in three towns of West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats and determinants of ownership. Results About 65.1% (95% CI: 62.1 – 69.8%) of the householders own dogs, 39.2% (95% CI: 35.8 – 43.8%) own cats, and 30.6% (95% CI: 27.4 – 35.0%) own both. The majority of the dog-owning households own a single dog (74.8%) and cat (74.9%). There were significantly higher proportion of dog and cat-owning households in Bako than Ambo and Gojo towns. The human to owned-dog ratio was 6:1, and that of cat ratio was 10:1. There were more male dogs (72.1%) and more female cats (59.7%). The male to female sex ratio was estimated at 3:1 for the dog while nearly 1:1 for cats. About 37.5% of the owned dogs were indoor, and 62.5% have free access to outside. Dogs and cats were acquired as a gift from families, neighbors, and friends. The identified reason for not owning dogs/cats were fear of zoonosis, dislike, no time to devote, benefit not realized, and shortage of finance. Logistic regression analysis identified study town, community type, gender of head of household, ownership of other animals as determinants for dog/cat ownership. Besides, possessing dogs was significantly associated with cat ownership. Conclusion The current study provide insights into the determinants of dogs/cats ownership and their demographic characteristics in Ethiopia. Dogs are more commonly owned, but the household determinants for dog and cat ownership were comparable. Means of obtaining and reason of owning or abandoning dogs/cats is partly different from those reported in the developed countries. The results of this study could be used for the provision of veterinary services, quantifying health risks and benefits associated with dog/cat ownership, and control of pet population and related zoonosis.
Effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation versus sham manipulation for recurrent headaches in children aged 7-14 years. A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lynge Susanne , Dissing Kristina Boe , Vach Werner , Christensen Henrik Wulf , Hestbaek Lise 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulation versus sham manipulation in children aged 7-14 with recurrent headaches. Methods: Design: A two-arm , single - blind, superiority randomised superiority single-blinded clinical controlled trial. Setting: One chiropractic clinic and one paediatric specialty practice in Denmark Participants : 199 children aged 7 to 14 years, who experienced at least one episode of headache per week for the previous 6 months and with at least one musculoskeletal dysfunction identified. Interventions: All participants and parents received standard oral and written advice to reduce headaches. In addition, children in the active treatment group received chiropractic spinal manipulation and children in the control group received sham manipulation for a period of 4 months. The n N umber and frequency of treatments were based on the chiropractor’s individual evaluation in the active treatment group, and the children in the control group received approximately eight visits during the treatment period. Primary outcome measures: ‘Number of days with headache’, ‘pain intensity’ and ‘medication’ were reported weekly by text messages, and global perceived effect by text message after 4 months. A planned fixed sequence strategy based on an initial outcome data analysis was used to prioritize outcomes. ‘Number of days with headache’ and ‘pain intensity’ were chosen as equally important outcomes of highest priority, followed by global perceived effect and medication. The significance level for the first two outcomes was fixed to 0.025 to take multiplicity into account. Results: Chiropractic spinal manipulation resulted in significantly fewer days with headaches (reduction of 0.81 vs. 0.41, p=0.019, NNT=7 for 20% improvement ) and better global perceived effect ( dichotomized into improved/not improved, OR= 2.8 (95% CI: 1.5-5.3) 2.63 vs. 3.24 , p<0.001 , NNT=5) compared with a sham manipulation procedure. There was no difference between groups for pain intensity during headache episodes. Due to methodological shortcomings, no conclusions could be drawn about medication use. Conclusions: Chiropractic spinal manipulation resulted in fewer headaches and higher global perceived effect, with only minor side effects. It did not lower the intensity of the headaches. Since the treatment is easily applicable, of low cost and minor side effects, chiropractic spinal manipulation might be considered as a valuable treatment option for children with recurrent headaches.
Highly efficient production of an influenza H9N2 vaccine using MDCK suspension cells
Authors: Wu Yixiao , Jia Hanjing , Lai Hanzhang , Liu Xuping , Tan Wen-Song 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of H9N2 subtype avian influenza vaccines is an effective approach for the control of the virus spread among the poultry and for the upgrading of vaccine manufacturing cell culture-based production platform could overcome the limitations of conventional egg-based platform and alternate it. The development of serum-free suspension cell culture could allow even higher virus productivity, where a suspension cell line with good performance and proper culture strategies are required. In this work, an adherent Mardin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line was adapted to suspension growth to cell concentration up to 12 × 106 cells/mL in a serum-free medium in batch cultures. Subsequently, the H9N2 influenza virus propagation in this MDCK cell line was evaluated with the optimization of infection conditions in terms of MOI and cell concentration for infection. Furthermore, various feed strategies were tested in the infection phase for improved virus titer and a maximum hemagglutinin titer of 13 log2 (HAU/50 μL) was obtained using the 1:2 medium dilution strategy. The evaluation of MDCK cell growth and H9N2 virus production in bioreactors with optimized operating conditions showed comparable cell performance and virus yield compared to shake flasks, with a high cell-specific virus yield above 13000 virions/cell. With the purified H9N2 virus harvested from the bioreactors, the MDCK cell-derived vaccine was able to induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in chickens. Overall, the results demonstrate the promising application of the highly efficient MDCK cell-based production platform for the avian influenza vaccine manufacturing.