bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pumpless Microfluidic Neonatal Lung Assist Device for Support of Preterm Neonates in Respiratory Distress
Authors: Dabaghi Mohammadhossein , Rochow Niels , Saraei Neda , Fusch Gerhard , Monkman Shelley , Da Kevin , Shahin‐Shamsabadi Alireza , Brash John L. , Predescu Dragos , Delaney Kathleen , Fusch Christoph , Selvaganapathy P. Ravi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPremature neonates suffer from respiratory morbidity as their lungs are immature, and current supportive treatment such as mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation causes iatrogenic injuries. A non‐invasive and biomimetic concept known as the “artificial placenta” (AP) would be beneficial to overcome complications associated with the current respiratory support of preterm infants. Here, a pumpless oxygenator connected to the systemic circulation supports the lung function to relieve respiratory distress. In this paper, the first successful operation of a microfluidic, artificial placenta type neonatal lung assist device (LAD) on a newborn piglet model, which is the closest representation of preterm human infants, is demonstrated. This LAD has high oxygenation capability in both pure oxygen and room air as the sweep gas. The respiratory distress that the newborn piglet is put under during experimentation, repeatedly and over a significant duration of time, is able to be relieved. These findings indicate that this LAD has a potential application as a biomimetic artificial placenta to support the respiratory needs of preterm neonates.
Mass concentration and size distribution of particles released from harvesting and biomass burning of sugarcane
Authors: Dattamudi Sanku , Wang Jim J. , Dodla Syam K. , DeLaune Ronald , Hiscox April , Viator Howard , Jeong Changyoon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe evaluated size distribution and mass concentrations of fine (particulate matter < 2.5 μm, PM2.5) and coarse (particulate matter = 2.5–10 μm, PM2.5‐10) particles released during sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) harvesting operations, including cutting of green cane (GH), burning of standing cane (SB), cane harvest cutting after SB (BH), and ground burning of harvest residues left in the field (GB). Total number of PM2.5 released from GB was 1.63 times greater than that from SB. Total time of burning (flaming + smoldering) phase during GB was 1.5 to 2.1 times longer than SB. The flaming phase for both GB and SB was shorter than the smoldering phase but emitted 5.2 to 7.5 times more PM2.5. Average particle density of PM2.5 from burning operations was 1.12 g cm−3 for GB and 0.52 g cm−3 for SB. The GH and BH released lower PM2.5 but higher PM2.5‐10 as compared to SB and GB. Overall, biomass burning, regardless GB and SB difference, released significantly higher PM2.5 than harvest‐cutting operations.
Enhancing Photostability of a Coumarin Dye by Self‐inclusion into a Cyclodextrin Cavity in Aqueous Solution and Living Cells
Authors: Shigemitsu Hajime , Matsuda Keigo , Mori Tadashi , Nakatsuji Hirotaka , Matsusaki Michiya , Kida Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhotostable organic dyes are highly demanded for longtime or super‐resolution bioimaging. Herein, we demonstrate effective improvement of photostability of a coumarin dye (Pacific Blue (PB)) by steric protection using a cyclodextrin. The PB conjugated cyclodextrin (PB−CD) showed 2.8 times higher photostability than PB ethyl amide (PB−EA) which is a comparative compound in vitro. The cyclodextrin conjugation to PB not only protect PB unit from reactive chemicals, but also suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation which causes dye degradation. The effects afford significant improvement of photostability of PB dye. Finally, the photostability of PB−CD was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the significant improvement effect was proofed even in living cells.
Genetic variability of the sws1 cone opsin gene among New World monkeys
Authors: Mantovani Viviani , Hauzman Einat , Corredor Vitor H. , Goulart Paulo R. K. , Galvão Olavo , Talebi Mauricio , Pessoa Daniel M. A. , Soares Juliana G. M. , Fiorani Mario , Gattass Ricardo , Fix Ventura Dora , Bonci Daniela M. O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVision is a major sense for Primates and the ability to perceive colors has great importance for the species ecology and behavior. Visual processing begins with the activation of the visual opsins in the retina, and the spectral absorption peaks are highly variable among species. In most Primates, LWS/MWS opsins are responsible for sensitivity to long/middle wavelengths within the visible light spectrum, and SWS1 opsins provide sensitivity to short wavelengths, in the violet region of the spectrum. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic variation on the sws1 opsin gene of New World monkeys (NWM) and search for amino acid substitutions that might be associated with the different color vision phenotypes described for a few species. We sequenced the exon 1 of the sws1 opsin gene of seven species from the families Callitrichidae, Cebidae, and Atelidae, and searched for variation at the spectral tuning sites 46, 49, 52, 86, 90, 93, 114, 116, and 118. Among the known spectral tuning sites, only residue 114 was variable. To investigate whether other residues have a functional role in the SWS1 absorption peak, we performed computational modeling of wild‐type SWS1 and mutants A50I and A50V, found naturally among the species investigated. Although in silico analysis did not show any visible effect caused by these substitutions, it is possible that interactions of residue 50 with other sites might have some effect in the spectral shifts in the order of ~14 nm, found among the NWM. We also performed phylogenetic reconstruction of the sws1 gene, which partially recovered the species phylogeny. Further studies will be important to uncover the mutations responsible for the phenotypic variability of the SWS1 of NWM, and how spectral tuning may be associated with specific ecological features such as preferred food items and habitat use.
Ein gemischtes, schwereres Si=Ge Analogon eines Vinylanions
Authors: Majhi Paresh Kumar , Huch Volker , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie vielseitigen Reaktivitäten von Disileniden und Digermenid, schwereren Analoga von Vinylanionen, haben den Pool an Silicium‐ und Germaniumverbindungen in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten mit verschiedensten unerwarteten Strukturmotiven erheblich erweitert. Wir berichten nun über die Synthese eines cyclischen, heteronuklearen Vinylanionanalogons mit einer Si=Ge Bindung, dem Kaliumsilagermenid als stabiles THF‐ und 18‐c‐6‐Solvat durch KC8Reduktion von Germylen‐ oder Digermenvorläufern. Seine Eignung als Baustein für die Synthese von funktionellen Silagermenen wird durch die jeweiligen Reaktionen mit Chlorsilan und Chlorphosphan unter Bildung der entsprechenden Silyl‐ und Phosphanylsilagermenen nachgewiesen. Röntgenkristallographische Analyse, UV/Vis Spektroskopie und DFT Berechnungen zeigten einen erheblichen Grad an π‐Konjugation zwischen N=C und Si=Ge Doppelbindungen in der Titelverbindung.
A General Strategy to Control Viscosity Sensitivity of Molecular Rotor‐Based Fluorophores
Authors: Ye Songtao , Zhang Han , Fei Jinyu , Wolstenholme Charles H. , Zhang Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMolecular rotor‐based fluorophores (RBFs) have been widely used in many fields. However, the lack of control of their viscosity sensitivity limits their application. Herein, this problem is resolved by chemically installing extended π‐rich alternating carbon‐carbon linkages between the rotational electron donors and acceptors of RBFs. The data reveal that the length of the linkage strongly influences the viscosity sensitivity, likely resulting from varying height of the energy barriers between the fluorescent planar and the dark twisted configurations. Three RBF derivatives that span a wide range of viscosity sensitivities were designed. These RBFs demonstrated, through a dual‐color imaging strategy, that they can differentiate misfolded protein oligomers and insoluble aggregates, both in test tubes and live cells. Beyond RBFs, it is envisioned that this chemical mechanism might be generally applicable to a wide range of photoisomerizable and aggregation‐induced emission fluorophores.
Bimetallic, Silylene‐Mediated Multielectron Reductions of Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene
Authors: Whited Matthew T. , Zhang Jia , Conley Anna M. , Ma Senjie , Janzen Daron E. , Kohen Daniela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA metal/ligand cooperative approach to the reduction of small molecules by metal silylene complexes (R2Si=M) is demonstrated, whereby silicon activates the incoming substrate and mediates net two‐electron transformations by one‐electron redox processes at two metal centers. An appropriately tuned cationic pincer cobalt(I) complex, featuring a central silylene donor, reacts with CO2 to afford a bimetallic siloxane, featuring two CoII centers, with liberation of CO; reaction of the silylene complex with ethylene yields a similar bimetallic product with an ethylene bridge. Experimental and computational studies suggest a plausible mechanism proceeding by [2+2] cycloaddition to the silylene complex, which is quite sensitive to the steric environment. The CoII/CoII products are reactive to oxidation and reduction. Taken together, these findings demonstrate a strategy for metal/ligand cooperative small‐molecule activation that is well‐suited to 3d metals.
Polyurethanes from Direct Organocatalytic Copolymerization of p‐Tosyl Isocyanate with Epoxides
Authors: Jia Mingchen , Hadjichristidis Nikos , Gnanou Yves , Feng Xiaoshuang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe direct copolymerization of p‐tosyl isocyanate (TSI) with epoxides, initiated by onium salts in the presence of trialkylborane, to produce polyurethanes is reported. The rate of copolymerization and the (regio)selectivity were investigated in relation to the trialkylborane and the initiator used. Under optimized conditions such copolymerizations have been successfully performed for a wide range of epoxides, including ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1‐octene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, and allyl glycidyl ether. These copolymerizations afford a new category of polyurethanes, clear of side products such as cyclic oxazolidinone, isocyanurate, and poly(isocyanate) linkages. The experimental conditions used in this work are compatible with those for the organocatalytic (co)polymerization of other oxygenated monomers and CO2, holding the potential for their terpolymerization with p‐tosyl isocyanate and the development of new materials with unprecedented properties.
Elektrochemische B‐H‐Nitrogenierung: Zugang zu Aminosäure‐ und BODIPY‐markierten nido‐Carboranen
Authors: Yang Long , Bongsuiru Jei Becky , Scheremetjew Alexej , Kuniyil Rositha , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEs wurden elektrokatalysierte oxidative B‐H‐Nitrogenierungen von nido‐Carboran (nido‐7,8‐C2B9H12−) mit N‐Heterocyclen etabliert, welche die Herstellung verschiedener N‐substituierter nido‐Carborane ohne chemische Oxidationsmittel oder Metallkatalysator unter Umgebungsbedingungen ermöglichen. Die vielfältigen Elektrolysen erfolgten mit hoher Effizienz sowie Chemo‐ und Positionsselektivität, wobei Elektrizität als nachhaltiges und einziges Oxidationsmittel verwendet wurde. Diese Strategie schuf die Voraussetzungen für einen benutzerfreundlichen Zugang zu neuartigen, mit Aminosäuren und fluorogenem Bordipyrromethen (BODIPY) markierten nido‐Carboran‐Hybriden.
Strong Fermi Resonance Associated with Proton Motions Revealed by Vibrational Spectra of Asymmetric Proton‐Bound Dimers
Authors: Huang Qian‐Rui , Shishido Ryunosuke , Lin Chih‐Kai , Tsai Chen‐Wei , Tan Jake A. , Fujii Asuka , Kuo Jer‐Lai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInfrared spectra for a series of asymmetric proton‐bound dimers with protonated trimethylamine (TMA‐H+) as the proton donor were recorded and analyzed. The frequency of the N–H+ stretching mode is expected to red shift as the proton affinity of proton acceptors increases. The observed band, however, shows a peculiar splitting of approximately 300 cm−1 with the intensity shifting pattern resembling a two‐level system. Theoretical investigation reveals that the observed band splitting and its extraordinarily large gap of around 300 cm−1 is a result of strong coupling between the fundamental of the proton stretching mode and overtone states of the two proton bending modes, that is commonly known as Fermi resonance (FR). We also provide a general theoretical model to link the strong FR coupling to the quasi‐two‐level system. Since the model does not depend on the molecular specification of TMA‐H+, the strong coupling we observed is an intrinsic property associated with proton motions.
An original experimental approach showing that most nonlinearities expressed by filled elastomers relate to microscopic friction and cavitation
Authors: Picquart Marion , Poirey Gilles , Puel Guillaume , Aubry Denis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFilled elastomers present a highly nonlinear behavior when submitted to cyclic mechanical loads. Origins of these nonlinearities are still uncertain, but many models rely on micromechanisms such as friction or cavitation at the filler/binder interface. To substantiate these hypotheses, an experimental approach is proposed to assess the real effects of friction and cavitation on the macroscopic response of filled elastomers. A linear, viscoelastic, transparent material is used to create macroscopic samples in which mechanisms are activated, separately or jointly. The response of these samples to cyclic mechanical loads shows that each mechanism generates some typical nonlinearities. A deeper analysis of the resulting curves allows a correlation between the nonlinearities characteristics (shapes and amplitudes) and the ones expressed by filled elastomers, providing clues for the development of future models.
Shining Light on C−S Bonds: Recent Advances in C−C Bond Formation Reactions via C−S Bond Cleavage under Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Gao Jian , Feng Jie , Du Ding 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent years, photoredox catalysis has been proved to be a significant and powerful strategy for the activation and the formation of different chemical bonds. In a general sense, these approaches rely on the generation of different active radical species enabled by light from various radical precursors via the cleavage of the corresponding chemical bonds, like C−H bond, C−N bond, C−O bond, C−C bond, C‐halo bond, C−S bond and other C‐heteroatom bonds. At the same time, these generated active radical intermediates can be used for the construction of various new chemical bonds. In this review, we highlight the generation of variousC‐centered radicals through the cleavage of C−S bonds enabled by light and their application in the construction of C−C bonds via generally radical pathways. A range of different substrates containing C−S bonds are discussed in this overview to expedite the progress of C−S bond activation and its subsequent functionalization under photoredox catalysis.
H258R mutation in KCNAB3 gene in a family with genetic epilepsy and febrile seizures plus
Authors: Ding Jian , Miao Qin‐Fei , Zhang Jing‐Wen , Guo Yu‐Xiong , Zhang Yu‐Xin , Zhai Qiong‐Xiang , Chen Zhi‐Hong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this was to discover disease‐causing gene mutations linked to genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) in a family in the Southern Chinese Han population. Of a three‐generation pedigree of 18 members in this family, 4 were affected with GEFS+.MethodBlood samples of 7 family members—3 affected and 4 unaffected individuals—were collected. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed to assess for genetic mutations in two of the affected individuals and two of the unaffected individuals.ResultsFourteen potentially consequential mutations were found in the two affected individuals and were validated with the Sanger sequencing method. Blood DNA tested in polymerase chain reaction with KCNAB3 primers revealed that one novel missense mutation, c.773A>G (p.H258R) in the KCNAB3 gene, which encoded the potassium voltage‐gated channel subfamily A regulatory β subunit 3 (KCNAB3), was shared by all three affected and one unaffected family member. However, this mutation did not appear in 300 unrelated control subjects. According to the bioinformatics tools SIFT and PROVEAN, p.H258R was thought to affect protein function. Functional verification showed that the KCNAB3 mutation could accelerate the inactivation of potassium channels, thus inhibiting potassium current, increasing neuronal excitability, and promoting epileptic convulsion.ConclusionsThese results reveal that mutations in the KCNAB3 gene may be associated with GEFS+.
Clinical utility of Epstein‐Barr virus DNA and other liquid biopsy markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tan Rong , Phua Sean Kean Ann , Soong Yoke Lim , Oon Lynette Lin Ean , Chan Kian Sing , Lucky Sasidharan Swarnalatha , Mong Jamie , Tan Min Han , Lim Chwee Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor ubiquitously associated with the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), which is highly prevalent in South China, Southeast Asia, and North Africa. Despite being a highly radio‐sensitive and treatable cancer, a majority of NPC patients are diagnosed in their advanced stage, and locoregional and distant relapses following definitive treatment contribute largely to cancer‐specific mortality among these patients. Given that EBV‐driven NPC is the predominant variant seen in endemic regions, various EBV detection methods have been developed and are utilized in screening, prognostication, and post‐treatment surveillance of NPC patients. While the Immunoglobulin A (IgA) serology assay is the most extensively studied EBV detection method, the detection of plasma EBV DNA released during replication or cellular apoptosis has shown superior outcomes in endemic population screening, prognostication, and detection of distant relapse. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence on the use of circulating tumor cells, microRNAs, DNA hypermethylation, and combination assays in various clinical scenarios. Herein, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the relevant studies using various EBV detection techniques in the management of NPC. Specifically, the recent advances, clinical evidence, and challenges associated with the clinical application of EBV liquid biopsies in population screening, prognostication, and surveillance of NPC are presented.
Development of a remote laboratory for an electronic circuit design and analysis course with increased accessibility by using speech recognition technology
Authors: Yayla Ayse , Korkmaz Hayriye , Buldu Ali , Sarikas Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen the curricula of engineering undergraduate programs are examined, it can be seen that experimentation plays a very important role and the learning outcomes of the courses are mostly dependent on practical abilities. However, there may be a few who cannot use their hands permanently or temporarily among the students who are attending these courses. Therefore, the participation of disabled students in this part of the course has always been a problem. In this paper, a remote laboratory application that aims to increase the accessibility of electronic circuit design and analysis courses by using speech recognition technology is introduced. This laboratory is designed for hands‐free operation and enables students to analyze the electronic circuits by speaking. Google Web Speech API was used for speech recognition and the user interface was designed using Adobe Flash Professional. The parameters are sent to the ASP.NET page by using ActionScript 2.0 programming language. The application developed by using C# programming language enables programming the experimental hardware that includes a signal generator, a Raspberry Pi 2 with a camera, an oscilloscope, and a new test card. In the Raspberry Pi 2, Python programming language was used to select the desired experiment from those present on the board and to control digitally programmable circuit components such as digital potentiometers or parameters such as the DC reference voltage level. When the student successfully completes the predefined experimental procedures, an automatically generated e‐mail is sent to the instructor including the student's username, log‐in time, the oscilloscope screenshots, and ideal experimental results.
Chemoenzymatic Buta‐1,3‐diene Synthesis from Syngas Using Biological Decarboxylative Claisen Condensation and Zeolite‐Based Dehydration
Authors: Balasubramaniam Sivaraman , Badle Sneh , Badgujar Swati , Veetil Vinod P. , Rangaswamy Vidhya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA method for producing buta‐1,3‐diene (1,3‐BD) by an amalgamation of chemical and biological approaches with syngas as the carbon source is proposed. Syngas is converted to the central intermediate, acetyl‐CoA, by microorganisms through a tetrahydrofolate metabolism pathway. Acetyl‐CoA is subsequently converted to malonyl‐CoA using a carbonyl donor in the presence of a carboxylase enzyme. A decarboxylative Claisen condensation of malonyl‐CoA and acetaldehyde ensues in the presence of acyltransferases to form 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA, which is subsequently reduced by aldehyde reductase to give butane‐1,3‐diol (1,3‐BDO). An ensuing dehydration step converts 1,3‐BDO to 1,3‐BD in the presence of a chemical dehydrating reagent.
Zeolite Heat Storage: Key Parameters from Experimental Results with Binder‐Free NaY
Authors: Rönsch Stefan , Auer Bernhard , Kinateder Matthias , Gleichmann Kristin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe application of heat storage systems in households or the industry is one possibility to optimize the degree of heat utilization and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast to established heat storage systems based on water, zeolitic systems reach energy densities of 150–200 kWh m−3 and allow for seasonal storage with almost no heat loss. However, a commercial breakthrough was not yet successful. Given this background, it is the aim of the present study to identify appropriate operational parameters for a zeolite heat storage system in the laboratory and to prepare an upscaling to demonstration scale. To this end, the pressure drop of the zeolite bed, the cycle time, and the optimal process parameters during thermal loading and deloading were determined.
Recent Progress of Ruthenium‐based Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Shan , Li Jing , Wang Erkang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale hydrogen production through electrocatalytic water splitting holds great promise to alleviate the energy crisis and environmental issue. For cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), developing efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts is highly desired to accelerate the reactive process and reduce energy consumption. In past few years, ruthenium and ruthenium‐based compounds electrocatalysts emerge as alternatives for the benchmark platinum for HER. Herein, the recent advances for the preparation of ruthenium‐based electrocatalysts towards HER is summarized, then we also discuss the prospect and challenge for the development of effective electrocatalysts based on ruthenium.