bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Action and progress on sustainability challenges: case examples from Marriott, Booking and Soneva
Authors: Landau Tomer 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide an insight on how hospitality companies engage with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and whether their corporate social responsibilities declaration and actions could achieve the targets of the SDGs by 2030 as they relate to their respective companies.

Design/methodology/approach
This study provides a case study analysis of three selected hospitality companies – Marriott International, Booking Holdings and The Soneva Group. The data for the study were obtained from secondary resources such as the companies’ publications and websites. It uses the module of sustainability challenges and the monitoring framework provided in the global sustainable development report 2019.

Findings
All the companies examined in this study are investing significant effort and resources to achieve the goals. They are focussing mainly on actions related to challenges that present high to medium levels of socio-political agreement and factual certainty. Though significant progress has been made towards achieving social and economic goals, there is still a large gap in relation to environmental goals. The efforts made solely by the hospitality companies to achieve the targets of Goal 13 are not enough, as hospitality companies cannot achieve these targets on their own. More actions and contributions from governmental and international agencies will be required.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to an understanding of the role that the SDGs play in the hospitality industry and how companies should engage and interact with the goals. Further research might be needed to analyse the financial implications of the SDGs in relation to the companies’ efforts and their respective investment contributions.
Exploring the implications of COVID-19 on widening health inequalities and the emergence of nutrition insecurity through the lens of organisations involved with the emergency food response
Authors: Macaninch Elaine , Martyn Kathy , Lima do Vale Marjorie 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThis paper describes the impact of COVID-19 during the first month of containment measures on organisations involved in the emergency food response in one region of the UK and the emerging nutrition insecurity. This is more than eradicating hunger but considers availability of support and health services and the availability of appropriate foods to meet individual requirements. In particular, this paper considers those in rural communities, from lower socioeconomic groups or underlying health conditions.MethodsSemistructured professional conversations informed the development of a questionnaire which gathered insights from five organisations involved with the emergency food response in the South East, England, UK. Descriptive themes were derived though inductive analysis and are further discussed in relation to UK government food support measures and early published data.ResultsFour themes emerged from conversations, including: (1) increasing demand, (2) meeting the needs of specific groups, (3) awareness of food supply and value of supporting local and (4) concerns over sustainability. All organisations mentioned changes in practice and increased demand for emergency food solutions. Positive, rapid and innovative changes helped organisations to adapt to containment restrictions and to meet the needs of vulnerable people. Although concern was raised with regards to meeting the specific needs of those with underlying health conditions and the sustainability of current efforts.ConclusionConsiderable gaps in food provision were identified, as well as concerns regarding increased long-term food and nutrition insecurity. The paper makes recommendations to improve nutrition security for the future and considers the lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic. The generalisability of these early insights is unknown but these real-time snapshops can help to direct further research and evaluation.
Effect of the COVID-19-induced lockdown on nutrition, health and lifestyle patterns among adults in Zimbabwe
Authors: Matsungo Tonderayi Mathew , Chopera Prosper 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe COVID-19 is a global public health emergency resulting in lockdowns, associated diet and lifestyle changes and constrained public health delivery.ObjectiveTo investigate the impacts of the COVID-19-induced lockdown in Zimbabwe on nutrition, physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking among Zimbabwean population aged ≥18 years.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect information on demographics (age, gender, place of residence, current employment), food system dimensions, diet and physical activity patterns, stress and anxiety, body image perceptions, lifestyle behaviours like smoking, alcohol intake, screen time and ease of access to health services.ResultsThe participants (n=507) were mostly women (63.0%) between the ages of 31 and 40 years (48.1%) and had tertiary education (91.3%). The lockdown resulted in increase in food prices (94.8%) and decrease in availability of nutritious foods (64%). Most (62.5%) of the participants reported a reduction in their physical activity levels. The prevalence of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) was 40.4% and mostly affecting woman (63.5%, p=0.909), 31–40 years age group (49.6%, p=0.886). Based on the Body Mass Index-based Silhouette Matching Test (BMI-SMT) 44.5% gained weight, 24.3% lost weight and 31.2% did not have weight change. The paired samples t-test showed that there was a significant increase in perceived body weight (p<0.001). More than half (59.6%) reported having difficulties accessing medicinal drugs and 37.8% growth monitoring services.ConclusionsThe lockdown period was associated with increase in food prices, decrease in dietary diversification, elevated GAD symptoms, disrupted diet and consumption patterns. There were low levels of physical activity and perceived weight gained during the lockdown period, thus increasing the risk of overweight and obesity. Further studies incorporating participants of different socioeconomic status are warranted to get more conclusive results.
Role of food aid and assistance in addressing the double burden of malnutrition in Ghana: a qualitative policy analysis
Authors: Torto Niisoja M , Brownell Kelly D 
Published: September 2020

Background and aimsIn many low-income and middle-income countries, the double burden of malnutrition threatens public health and economic progress, urging a re-evaluation of the roles and responsibilities of nutrition actors, both traditional and non-traditional. This study examines the food aid and assistance activities of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP)—one non-traditional actor in the double burden conversation—and the potential for these activities to reach beyond their traditional mandate on undernutrition to also address overweight and obesity in Ghana.MethodsInformation on WFP activities in Ghana from 2012 up through its planning into 2023 was extracted from 11 WFP planning, operations and evaluation documents. WFP activities were then judged against the WHO’s framework on the determinants of the double burden of malnutrition to determine their potential to address the double burden. Semistructured interviews were also conducted with 17 key informants in the global nutrition landscape to identify challenges that may complicate the role of WFP and other actors in addressing the double burden.ResultsThe analysis demonstrates that WFP activities in Ghana can serve as a platform on which to address the double burden, particularly by targeting the food access, food systems and socioeconomic disadvantage determinants of the double burden. Actors’ uncertainty with what role WFP should play in addressing the double burden, insufficient government attention to malnutrition and poor data on overweight and obesity were identified as potential challenges that complicate addressing the double burden.ConclusionThe findings suggest that integrating WFP as a partner in the effort to address the double burden in Ghana might help amplify progress. To better address the double burden, WFP might prioritise retrofitting existing activities rather than implementing new interventions.
Why are black adults over-represented among individuals who have experienced lifetime homelessness? Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis of homelessness among US male adults
Authors: Rhee Taeho Greg , Rosenheck Robert A 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundNon-Hispanic black adults experience homelessness at higher rates than non-Hispanic white adults in many studies. We aim to identify factors that could account for this disparity.MethodsWe used national survey data on non-Hispanic black and white men with complete data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave III. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis, we examined race-based disparities in correlates of risk for lifetime homelessness.ResultsIn our analysis, 905 of 11 708 (7.7%) respondents, representing 6 million adults nationwide, reported lifetime homelessness. Black adults were 1.41 times more likely to have been homeless than white adults (95% CI 1.14 to 1.73; p=0.002). Overall, 81.6% of race-based inequality in lifetime homelessness were explained by three main variables with black adults having: lower incomes, greater incarceration histories since age of 18 and a greater risk of traumatic events (p<0.01 for each). They also had more antisocial personality disorder, younger age and parental drug use (p<0.05 for each).ConclusionAlthough previous studies suggested that black homeless men have higher rates of drug abuse than white homeless men, our findings highlight the fact that black–white disparities in lifetime homeless risk are associated with socio-structural factors (eg, income and incarceration) and individual adverse events (eg, traumatic events), and not associated with psychiatric or substance use disorders.
Use of pCONUS HPC for the treatment of unruptured wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms: early clinical experience using single antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Aguilar Perez Marta , Hellstern Victoria , Serna Candel Carmen , Wendl Christina , Bäzner Hansjörg , Gansladt Oliver , Henkes Hans 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundIn recent years, a growing number of stents and stent-like devices have become available to facilitate the treatment of challenging aneurysms. However, the need for dual antiplatelet therapy can limit their use, especially in ruptured aneurysms. The hydrophilic polymer coating (pHPC, phenox) is a novel glycan-based multilayer polymer that reduces platelet adhesion. This study aims to report our initial experience using the pCONUS HPC device for the treatment of unruptured wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms (WNBA) using acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT).MethodsWe retrospectively identified all patients who were treated with the pCONUS HPC for unruptured WNBA in a multi-staged procedure using ASA as SAPT. Records were made of periprocedural complications, clinical outcome and angiographic and clinical follow-up.ResultsWe identified 15 patients with 15 WNBA. The average age was 69 years old (range, 41–76). Seven aneurysms were located in the middle cerebral artery, five in the anterior communicating artery, two at the basilar tip and one in the posterior communicating artery. Immediate post-treatment angiography showed five aneurysms with modified Raymond-Roy classification (mRRC) grade I and four aneurysms with mRRC grade II. There were no haemorrhagic complications. Four patients developed thrombus formation during the second treatment session, all of them completely resolving after administration of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists. Angiographic follow-up data were available for 10 patients and showed adequate occlusion (mRRC I or II) in eight aneurysms (80%). In-stent stenosis was observed in one patient whereas two patients showed de novo stenosis in one of the efferent branches.ConclusionsThis early experience on the use of the pCONUS HPC device suggests that it can be useful for treating unruptured WNBA under ASA as SAPT. Further investigation with a randomised treatment registry and larger cohort is needed.
One-loop effective scalar-tensor gravity
Authors: Latosh Boris 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNon-minimal interactions are proven to be generated at the one-loop level in simple scalar-tensor gravity models. The John interaction from the Fab Four class is generated. The interaction affects the speed of gravitational waves in the contemporary Universe. Its role in low-energy phenomenology is discussed. Brans-Dicke-like interaction is generated in a non-minimal model. An opportunity to generate a dynamic low-energy Newton constant is addressed.
Searching for small droplets of hydrodynamic fluid in proton–proton collisions at the LHC
Authors: Zhao Wenbin , Zhou You , Murase Koichi , Song Huichao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the hydrodynamic collectivity in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=$$

s

=

13 TeV, using with three different initial conditions, namely, , and . With properly tuned parameters, hydrodynamics gives reasonable descriptions of the measured two-particle correlations, including the integrated and $$p_\mathrm{T}$$

p
T

-differential flow. However, the hydrodynamic simulations fail to describe the negative four-particle cumulant $$c_2^v\{4\}$$

c
2
v

{
4
}

as measured in experiments. The four-particle cumulant $$c_2^v\{4\}$$

c
2
v

{
4
}

is always positive after hydrodynamic evolutions. Further investigations show that the non-linear response between the final $$v_2$$

v
2

and the initial $$\varepsilon _2$$

ε
2

becomes significant in p-p systems. This leads to a large deviation from linear eccentricity scaling and generates additional flow fluctuations, which results in a positive $$c_2^v\{4\}$$

c
2
v

{
4
}

even with a negative $$c_2^\varepsilon \{4\}$$

c
2
ε

{
4
}

from the initial state. We also presented the first hydrodynamic calculations of mixed harmonic azimuthal correlations in p-p collisions. Although many qualitative features are reproduced by the hydrodynamic simulations, the measured negative normalized Symmetric-Cumulant $$nsc_{2,3}\{4\}$$

n
s

c

2
,
3

{
4
}

cannot be reproduced. Obviously hydrodynamic calculations have a general difficulty to describe the data. It triggers that whether hydrodynamics with a new initial state could solve this puzzle, or hydrodynamics itself is not the appreciated mechanism of the observed collectivity, and the non-hydrodynamic modes become important in p-p collisions at the LHC.
On the axial-vector form factor of the nucleon and chiral symmetry
Authors: Lutz Matthias F. M. , Sauerwein Ulrich , Timmermans Rob G. E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consider the chiral Lagrangian with nucleon, isobar, and pion degrees of freedom. The baryon masses and the axial-vector form factor of the nucleon are derived at the one-loop level. We explore the impact of using on-shell baryon masses in the loop expressions. As compared to results from conventional chiral perturbation theory we find significant differences. An application to QCD lattice data is presented. We perform a global fit to the available lattice data sets for the baryon masses and the nucleon axial-vector form factor, and determine the low-energy constants relevant at $$\hbox {N}^3$$

N
3

LO for the baryon masses and at $$\hbox {N}^2$$

N
2

LO for the form factor. Partial finite-volume effects are considered. We point out that the use of on-shell masses in the loops results in non-analytic behavior of the baryon masses and the form factor as function of the pion mass, which becomes prominent for larger lattice volumes than presently used.
Real or not real that is the question...
Authors: Bertlmann Reinhold A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMy discussions with John Bell about reality in quantum mechanics are recollected. I would like to introduce the reader to Bell’s vision of reality which was for him a natural position for a scientist. Bell had a strong aversion against “quantum jumps” and insisted to be clear in phrasing quantum mechanics, his “words to be forbidden” proclaimed with seriousness and wit – both typical Bell characteristics – became legendary. I will summarize the Bell-type experiments and what Nature responded, and discuss the implications for the physical quantities considered, the real entities and the nonlocality concept due to Bell’s work. Subsequently, I also explain a quite different view of the meaning of a quantum state, this is the information theoretic approach, focusing on the work of Brukner and Zeilinger. Finally, I would like to broaden and contrast the reality discussion with the concept of “virtuality,” with the meaning of virtual particle occurring in quantum field theory. With some of my own thoughts I will conclude the paper which is composed more as a historical article than as a philosophical one.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the alloying process of Cu/Au nanoparticles with different sizes
Authors: Cao Shouqi , Zuo Haochen , Xin He , Zhou Lixin 
Published: September 2020

The coalescence of particles extensively exists in the industrial production and nature, which is of great research significance. This paper examined the alloying process of Cu/Au nanoparticles with different sizes by molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations. The coalescence process presents three stages which can be divided by the contact and fusion. The alloying processes of Cu/Au nanoparticles with different sizes had contacted with each other before the heating at 300 K. The Au atoms diffused through the outer area of the sintering neck before the nanoparticles were fused into one particle. The coalescence had become severe after the systems reached the melting temperature. The different systems showed different sintering rate.
Learning Unsupervised Knowledge-Enhanced Representations to Reduce the Semantic Gap in Information Retrieval
Authors: Agosti Maristella , Marchesin Stefano , Silvello Gianmaria 
Published: September 2020

The semantic mismatch between query and document terms—i.e., the semantic gap—is a long-standing problem in Information Retrieval (IR). Two main linguistic features related to the semantic gap that can be exploited to improve retrieval are synonymy and polysemy. Recent works integrate knowledge from curated external resources into the learning process of neural language models to reduce the effect of the semantic gap. However, these knowledge-enhanced language models have been used in IR mostly for re-ranking and not directly for document retrieval.
We propose the Semantic-Aware Neural Framework for IR (SAFIR), an unsupervised knowledge-enhanced neural framework explicitly tailored for IR. SAFIR jointly learns word, concept, and document representations from scratch. The learned representations encode both polysemy and synonymy to address the semantic gap. SAFIR can be employed in any domain where external knowledge resources are available. We investigate its application in the medical domain where the semantic gap is prominent and there are many specialized and manually curated knowledge resources. The evaluation on shared test collections for medical literature retrieval shows the effectiveness of SAFIR in terms of retrieving and ranking relevant documents most affected by the semantic gap.
Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Vertebral Arterial Dissection With Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Chen Chun‐Yu , Chang Feng‐Chi , Lee I‐Hui , Chung Chih‐Ping 
Published: September 2020

Background
Spontaneous vertebral arterial dissection (VAD) is an important cause of posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PCS), but its pathogenesis remains elusive. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) is a gelatinase involved in inflammation process and several vascular diseases, such as aorta dissection, but its role in VBD is unclear yet. The present study aimed to determine the association between serum MMP‐9 level and VAD‐related PCS.

Methods and Results

We recruited 149 patients with PCS, of which 30 were VAD and 119 had other determined etiologies (non‐VAD), and 219 non‐stroke individuals. Serum MMP‐9 was measured within 14 days from stroke onset. The age of VAD group was 59.6±15.0 years, which is similar to non‐stroke group (
P
=0.510) but significantly younger than non‐VAD group (69.9±14.0 years,
P
<0.001). Males and vascular risk factors were significantly more prevalent in VAD and non‐VAD groups than non‐stroke group (
P
<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting potential confounders revealed that every 100 ng/mL of serum MMP‐9 level increment significantly predicted VAD (versus non‐stroke group: odds ratio (OR), 4.572; 95% CI, 2.240–9.333,
P
<0.001; versus non‐VAD group: OR, 1.819; 95% CI, 1.034–3.200,
P
=0.038).

Conclusions
Patients with VAD‐related PCS had higher levels of serum MMP‐9 at the acute stage of stroke compared with non‐stroke individuals and PCS of other causes, supporting the potential involvement of extracellular matrix‐degrading protease in the mechanism of VAD, which leads to ischemic events.
Early Outcomes in an Emerging Facial Nerve Center: The Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) Experience
Authors: Krane Natalie A. , Chen Jimmy S. , Hanseler Haley , Baghoomian Wenelia , Ng John , Wax Mark K. , Loyo Myriam 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Nerve transfer (NT) and free gracilis muscle transfer (FGMT) are procedures for reanimation of the paralyzed face. Assessing the surgical outcomes of these procedures is imperative when evaluating the effectiveness of these interventions, especially when establishing a new center focused on the treatment of patients with facial paralysis. We desired to discuss the factors to consider when implementing a facial nerve center and the means by which the specialist can assess and analyze outcomes. Methods: Patients with facial palsy secondary to multiple etiologies, including cerebellopontine angle tumors, head and neck carcinoma, and trauma, who underwent NT or FGMT between 2014 and 2019 were included. Primary outcomes were facial symmetry and smile excursion, calculated using FACE-gram and Emotrics software. Subjective quality of life outcomes, including the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) Scale and Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ), were also assessed. Results: 14/22 NT and 6/6 FGMT patients met inclusion criteria having both pre-and postoperative photo documentation. NT increased oral commissure excursion from 0.4 mm (SD 5.3) to 2.9 mm (SD 6.8) ( P = 0.05), and improved symmetry of excursion ( P < 0.001) and angle ( P < 0.001). FGMT increased oral commissure excursion from −1.4 mm (SD 3.9) to 2.1 mm (SD 3.7), ( P = 0.02), and improved symmetry of excursion ( P < 0.001). FaCE scores improved in NT patients postoperatively ( P < 0.001). Conclusions: Measuring outcomes, critical analyses, and a multidisciplinary approach are necessary components when building a facial nerve center. At our emerging facial nerve center, we found NT and FGMT procedures improved smile excursion and symmetry, and improved QOL following NT in patients with facial palsy secondary to multiple etiologies.