bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MFG-E8 attenuates neuro-inflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage through driving microglial M2 polarization via modulating Integrin β3/SOCS3/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Gao Yongyue , Zhuang Zong , Lu Yue , Wu Lingyun , Liu Guangjie , Zhou Yan , Zhang Dingding , Dai Haibin , Tao Tao , Wang Han , Li Wei , Hang Chun-Hua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests microglial polarization plays an important role in the pathological processes of neuro-inflammation following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Previous studies indicated that milk fat globule-EGF factor-8 (MFG-E8) has the potential in anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation in cerebral ischemia. However, the effects of MFG-E8 on microglial polarization have not been evaluated after SAH. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of MFG-E8 on anti-inflammation, and its potential mechanism on microglial polarization following SAH. Methods We established the SAH model via prechiasmatic cistern Blood injection in mice. Double-immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) were performed to investigate the expression and cellular distribution of MFG-E8. Two different dosages (1 μg and 5 μg) of recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) were injected intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) at 1 h after SAH. Brain water content, neurological scores, beam-walking score, Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick endlabeling staining (TUNEL) were measured at 24 h. Intervention of MFG-E8, integrin β3 and phosphorylation of STAT3 were achieved by specific siRNAs (500 pmol/5 µl) and STAT3 inhibitor Stattic (5 µM). The potential signal pathway and microglial polarization were measured by immunofluorescence labeling and Western blotting. Results SAH induction increased the levels of inflammation mediators, the proportion of M1 and caused neuronal apoptosis in mice at 24 h. Treatment with rhMFG-E8 (5 µg) remarkably decreased brain edema, improved neurological functions, reduced the levels of pro-inflammation factors, and promoted microglia shifted to M2 phenotype. However, knockdown MFG-E8 and integrin β3 via siRNA abolished the effects of MFG-E8 on anti-inflammation and M2 phenotype polarization. STAT3 inhibitor Stattic further clarified the role of rhMFG-E8 on microglial polarization through regulating the protein levels of integrin β3/SOCS3/STAT3 pathway. Conclusions rhMFG-E8 inhibits neuron-inflammation through transformation microglial phenotype towards M2 after SAH, which may be mediated by modulation of the integrin β3/SOCS3/STAT3 signaling pathway, and highlighting rhMFG-E8 as a potentially therapeutic target for the treatment of SAH patients.
RhTrx-1 ameliorates miroglial neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemic stroke
Authors: Jiao Yang , Wang Jianjian , Zhang Huixue , Cao Yuze , Qu Yang , Huang Siyu , Kong Xiaotong , Song Chang , Li Jie , Li Qian , Ma Heping , Lu Xiaoyu , Wang Lihua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Microglia are rapidly activated after ischemic stroke and participate in the occurrence of neuroinflammation, which exacerbates the injury of ischemic stroke. Receptor Interacting Serine Threonine Kinase 1 (RIPK1) is thought to be involved in the development of inflammatory responses, but its role in ischemic microglia remains unclear. Here, we applied recombinant human thioredoxin-1 (rhTrx-1), a potential neuroprotective agent, to explore the role of rhTrx-1 in inhibiting RIPK1-mediated neuroinflammatory responses in microglia. Method Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) were conducted for in vivo and in vitro experimental stroke models. The expression of RIPK1 in microglia after ischemia was examined. The inflammatory response of microglia was analyzed after treatment with rhTrx-1 and Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1, inhibitors of RIPK1), and the mechanisms were explored. In addition, the effects of rhTrx-1 on neurobehavioral deficits and cerebral infarct volume were examined. Results RIPK1 expression was detected in microglia after ischemia. Molecular docking results showed that rhTrx-1 could directly bind to RIPK1. In vitro experiments found that rhTrx-1 reduced necroptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential damage, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and NLR Family, pyrin domain-containing 3 protein (NLRP3) inflammasome activation by inhibiting RIPK-1 expression, and regulated microglial M1/M2 phenotypic changes, thereby reducing the release of inflammatory factors. Consistently, in vivo experiments found that rhTrx-1 treatment attenuated cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the role of RIPK1 in microglia-arranged neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia. Administration of rhTrx-1 provides neuroprotection in ischemic stroke-induced microglial neuroinflammation by inhibiting RIPK1 expression.
Elimination of Tobacco rattle virus from viruliferous Paratrichodorus allius in greenhouse pot experiments through cultivation of castle russet
Authors: Quick Richard A. , Cimrhakl Launa , Mojtahedi Hassan , Sathuvalli Vidyasagar , Feldman Maximilian J. , Brown Charles R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Corky ringspot (CRS) is a widespread potato tuber necrotic disease caused by Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infection. In the Pacific Northwest, this virus is transmitted by the stubby root nematode (SRN) within the genus Paratrichodorus. Remediating CRS affected fields is a major challenge that can be mitigated by growing plant varieties that are resistant to TRV infection. Growing alfalfa has been shown to reduce TRV levels in CRS infested fields over time but the development of a potato cultivar with these same capabilities would be of great economic benefit to potato growers. Castle Russet is a new potato clone that does not develop symptoms of CRS disease. To assess its ability to reduce soil virus load, Castle Russet, tobacco var. “Samsun NN”, alfalfa var. “Vernema”, and Russet Burbank potato were grown for a period of 1 to 3 months in soils containing viruliferous SRN populations at two different inoculation pressures (60 nematodes/pot and 1060 nematodes/pot) in greenhouse pot experiments. SRN population size and the presence of TRV were assessed over several months post inoculation. Results indicate that plant host and length of exposure significantly influence SRN population dynamics, whereas the TRV infection status of bait plants was significantly affected by both of these factors as well as inoculation pressure. These results suggest that both alfalfa var. “Vernema” and Castle Russet are resistant to TRV infection and may potentially be used to eliminate the virus from fields affected by CRS.
Establishment and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Ion-Responsive Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Liu Hongfei , Zhu Jie , Bao Pengyue , Ding Yueping , Wang Jiapeng , Du Yi , Qu Yang , Xu Ying 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Protein drugs have disadvantages, such as short half-lives, unstable biological
activities, and low utilization efficiency.

Objective:
In this paper, a porous ion-responsive targeted drug delivery system was designed, combining
biodegradable carriers with ion exchange technology to overcome problems for protein drug
delivery systems.

Methods:
Carboxymethyl Chitosan Porous Microspheres (CCPM) were prepared using an emulsification-
chemical crosslinking method. Chitosan-bovine serum albumin-carboxymethyl chitosan
porous microspheres (CBCCPM) were prepared using a dynamic ion exchange method and static
self-assembly technology.

Results:
CCPM were round in appearance mostly with a particle size distribution of 5-15 μm,
which facilitates passive targeting to the lungs. CCPM had a total ion exchange capacity of 9.97 ±
0.07 mmol/g and showed a strong ability to attract and contain positively charged drugs. A potentiometric
titration curve was used to identify the dissociation behavior of exchangeable groups on
the microspheres; the optimal pH for ion exchange of microspheres was ≥ 4.3. CCPM had ion responsiveness,
in vitro degradation ability, thermal stability and biocompatibility. In vitro release results
confirmed that BSA and CCPM were mainly bound together by ionic bonds and the drug release
mechanism of the self-assembled microspheres changed from particle diffusion to membrane
diffusion under pH 7.4 PBS solution containing 0.02% Tween 80. Circular dichroism and sodium
dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results showed no significant change in the secondary
structure and purity of BSA after binding to CCPM. The cumulative in vitro release rate of
microspheres after 24 h was 86.78%.

Conclusion:
In this paper, CBCCPM, a porous ion-responsive targeted drug delivery system, was
designed.
The Neuro-Vascular Consequence of Diabetes: Foot Amputation and Evaluation of its Risk Factors and Health-Related Economic Impact
Authors: Naqvi Iftikhar Haider , Talib Abu , Naqvi Sajjad Haider , Yasin Lubabah , Rizvi Nayema Zehra 
Published: March 2020

Background:The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the huge burden of diabetic foot amputation is a challenge to the health economy of Pakistan and other countries. Identification of various risk factors for amputation, along with its financial burden, is needed to address this problem.Objectives:This study aimed to determine the financial burden and risk factors associated with T2DMrelated foot amputation.Methods:Retrospective hospital-based study from January 2017 to December 2018. Patients with T2DM with and without amputation were enrolled. The direct medical costs of amputation along with various risk factors, were determined. Risk factors were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 1460 patients with T2DM were included; 484 (33%) patients had an amputation. The mean total cost of below knee, fingers and toe amputation was 886.63±23.91, 263.35 ±19.58 and 166.68 ± 8.47 US$, respectively. This difference among groups was significant (p<0.0001). Male gender (odds ratio, OR: 1.29, 1.01-1.63, p=0.037), peripheral artery disease (OR: 1.93, 1.52-2.46, p=0.000), peripheral neuropathy (OR: 1.31, 1.40-1.63, p=0.000), prior diabetic foot ulcer (OR: 2.02, 1.56- 2.56, p=0.000) and raised glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR: 3.50, 2.75-4.4, p=0.000) were risk factors for amputation.Conclusion:The health-related financial impact of amputations is high. Peripheral artery disease, peripheral neuropathy, prior diabetic foot ulcer and raised HbA1c were risk factors for amputation.
Value Management Practices in Construction Industry: An Analytical Review
Authors: Alshehri Abdullah 
Published: March 2020

Background:

Every building project needs a plan for it to optimize value and minimize cost for better profitability. Currently, in the construction industry around the world, not all stakeholders are aware of value management and its benefits.

Aim:
This review aims to explore the awareness level of value management among all players in the construction industries. Also, to raise dust on the significance of applying value management within the construction workplace.

Objective:
The objective was explored using research and review papers from 30 studies for 18-years (2000-2018).

Methods:
Value management is essential at the briefing stage, specifically in the contractor's health and safety performance, the design process, cost and quality, contract strategy, and performance of time.

Results:
Results indicated that the level of awareness and implementation of value management varies from region to region and country to country. Some implementation barriers include lack of knowledge and awareness, no standard method of problem-solving, lack of value management practices by contractors, the concept is new in many regions, contractors not willing to implement VM fully during projects, and lack of qualified personnel to adopt VM. From this review, some of the benefits of adopting VM include maximizing productivity, better sustainability, and expected targets achieved within a reasonable time.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the construction industry needs to put forth efforts to maximize the awareness and applications of value management to enhance project outcomes. The study is valuable for all the value management professionals involved with construction, in general, to try and incorporate it into their work ethics for better productivity.
Development and Validation of the Greek version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS)
Authors: Taoufik Konstantina , Divaris Kimon , Kavvadia Katerina , Koletsi-Kounari Haroula , Polychronopoulou Argy 
Published: March 2020

Background:The oral health of preschool-age children can affect their quality of life (QoL) as well their families. The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) is a reliable instrument that has been used to assess the impact of oral health problems and their treatment on the QoL of preschool-age children and their families’.Objective:To report the development, evaluation and psychometric properties of the Greek version of ECOHIS (Gr-ECOHIS).Methods:Participants of this cross-sectional study were 176 mothers and their young (aged 25-71 months) children, patients of a private pediatric dental practice. During a structured interview, they completed a questionnaire, including a translated, Greek language version of the ECOHIS. Data on children’s oral health were obtainedviaclinical examinations. The psychometric properties of Gr-ECOHIS evaluated were reliability (internal and test-retest) and construct (convergent and discriminant) validity. Test-retest reliability was determined in an independent sample of 20 mother-child dyads, who completed the Gr-ECOHIS twice within a two-week interval.Results:The scale showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’salpha=0.85) and test-retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient= 0.97). Gr-ECOHIS showed a strong correlation with dental caries (Spearman’srho=0.62, p<0.0005) and dental treatment needs. Gr-ECOHIS was also positively associated with dental knowledge, health literacy and parental oral health-related QoL.ConclusionThe Gr-ECOHIS is a psychometrically reliable and valid Greek language QoL instrument, which demonstrated significant associations with clinical and parent-reported measures of early childhood oral health. As such, it can be used to measure oral health-related QoL among preschool-age children in clinical and public health settings.
Restorative Treatment Decisions on Approximal Caries Among Practicing Dentists in the College of Dentistry Clinics, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Suliman Abdulhaq , Abdo Ahmad , Elmasmari Hussein 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
To assess restorative treatment decisions on approximal caries by dental practitioners in College of Dentistry at Ajman University regarding treatment threshold, restorative techniques and restorative materials, and to evaluate the characteristics of dentists relative to their treatment decisions.

Materials and Methods:
Questionnaires were completed by a population of 180 dentists working in the university’s clinics. The questionnaire assessed responses to the treatment threshold for a hypothetical approximal carious lesion, the most preferred types of cavity preparation and restorative materials.

Results:
Out of the 180 participants, 57.9% were females, and 42.2% were males. Eighty-three percent were 35 years old or less, 12.2% were between 36 and 50 years, and 4.4% were 50 years or older. Most participants were UAE graduates (84.4%). Majority of the participants would delay surgical intervention of the approximal carious lesion until it reaches the dentine-enamel junction (41%), and 27% would wait further until it reaches into the outer dentine, while only 21% would intervene when the lesion is limited to enamel. The majority of the participants preferred simple box preparation (72.8%), and most of them chose composite as the restorative material (85%).

Conclusion:
There is some variation among restorative treatment decisions of approximal caries by Ajman University’s dentists, but the majority tend to delay restorative intervention until caries reaches dentine, they prefer minimally invasive restorative techniques, and prefer composite as a restorative material.
Sitting Occupations and Physical Intensity of Work as Predictors of Mortality: A Retrospective Study of a Population of Workers in Southern Italy
Authors: Caputi Antonio , De Maria Luigi , Sardone Rodolfo , Cannone Enza S. S. , Mansi Francesca , Birtolo Francesco , Delfino Maria C. , Cavone Domenica , Vimercati Luigi 
Published: March 2020

Background:
There is mounting evidence for an association between sedentary behaviour at work and an increase in all-cause death.

Objective:
The aim of the present study is to compare the mortality risk between a group of workers who performed sedentary jobs and a group of workers who performed physical jobs.

Methods:
A sample of 2325 subjects aged 65-84 years was randomly selected from the electoral rolls of eight municipalities in the Apulia region of southern Italy. All the participants underwent clinical exams and evaluation of work and lifetime physical activity via an interview. The jobs were divided into physical jobs (farmer, worker, attendant) and sedentary jobs (employee, manager, housewife, unemployed). Mortality data were acquired through the civil status office, and the Framingham risk score and the Fried frailty index were calculated.

Results:
We found that compared with subjects who performed sedentary jobs, subjects who performed physical jobs had a lower level of education (p = 0.005), a higher level of physical activity in the 30-40-years (p = 0.021) and 40-50-years (p = 0.042) divisions, and a lower mean Framingham score (p = 0.048). The mortality risk was higher for physical job workers than for sedentary job workers (HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.707 - 0.462). In contrast, after adjusting the result for all covariates, the mortality risk was higher for sedentary job workers than for physical job workers (HR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.021 - 1.056).

Conclusion:
Our results support public health initiatives and policies to encourage adults to move more and sit less at work and throughout their day.
Nanotechnology: A Novel Approach for Drug Development in Health Care System
Authors: Sahoo Biswa M. , Kumar Bera V.V.R. , Patra Ch. Niranjan , Panda Jnyanaranjan R. , Mohanta Bibhash C. , Palei Narahari N. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Health is a lively state of the body which adjusts and adopt
with the response to various environmental changes. There are several features that
can influence the health status of human beings. Therefore, the continuous research
study is highly essential to maintain a proper health care system in the community.

Objective:
The diverse area of innovation was made in nanotechnology for
diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening diseases, such as obesity, diabetes,
cardiovascular disorders, cancer, leukemia, neurodegenerative disorders like
Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's diseases, etc. Nanotechnology generally refers
to the materials, devices, and systems in nanoscale which provides considerably
improved physical, chemical and biological property.

Methods:
It is technology which deals with the design, synthesis, characterization
of substances, devices and systems by arranging shape and size at their nanometer
scale. It involves multidisciplinary research which includes both health science and
technology for the treatment of human health. Nanotechnology can be applied at
the cellular level in the human body with a high degree of specificity to treat the
various diseases.

Conclusion:
This technology is potentially targeted to diseased tissue to achieve
maximum therapeutic efficacy with fewer side effects. Nowadays, the rapidity of
revolutionary discoveries in the field of nanotechnology is expected to accelerate in
the next decade globally.
The Development of a Modified Ear Recognition System for Personnel Identification
Authors: Hasan Haitham S. , Al-Sharqi Mais A. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
This study proposed a Match Region Localization (MRL) Ear Recognition
System (ERS). Captured ear images were pre-processed through cropping and enhancement. The
preprocessed ear images were segmented using the proposed MRL segmentation algorithm and divided
into 160 sub-images. The principal features of the segmented ear images were extracted and
used in template generation. k-nearest neighbor classifiers with Euclidean distance metrics were applied
in the classification.

Objective:
The proposed ERS exhibited a recognition accuracy of 97.7%. Other publicly available
ear datasets can be tested using the proposed system for cross-database comparison and can be improved
by reducing their errors.

Methods:
This research follows four major stages, namely, the development of a PCA-based ear
recognition algorithm, implementation of the developed algorithm, determination of the optimum
ear segmentation method, and evaluation of the performance of the technique.

Results:
The False Acceptance Rate (FAR) of the developed Ear Recognition System (ERS) is 0.06.
This result implies that six out of every 100 intruders will be falsely accepted.

Conclusion:
The developed ERS outperforms the existing ERS by approximately 24.61% in terms
of system recognition accuracy; the developed ERS can be tested on other publicly available ear databases
to check its performance on larger platforms.
Изменения фотоэлектрических свойств нелегированных пленок аморфного гидрированного кремния под влиянием предварительного освещения при повышенных температурах
Authors: Ормонт Н.Н. , Курова И.А. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract The effect of preliminary weak illumination at elevated temperatures on the photoelectric properties of undoped α-Si:H films is investigated. It is found that the dark conductivity and photoconductivity of films increases with the preliminary-illumination intensity, and the parameter γ determining the dependence of the photoconductivity on the illumination intensity decreases due to an increasing fraction of the bimolecular recombination of electrons at energy levels of the tail of the density of states of the conduction band. It is assumed that this effect may be induced by the presence of an uncontrolled oxygen impurity and an increase in the concentration of electrically active oxygen as a result of preliminary illumination of the films at elevated temperatures.
Терагерцовая фотопроводимость в графене в магнитном поле
Authors: Васильев Ю.Б. , Новиков С.Н. , Данилов С.Н. , Ганичев С.Д. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract The terahertz photoconductivity in epitaxial graphene grown on SiC substrates is investigated in a magnetic field. The magnetic-field dependence of the photoresponse signal amplitude is examined at different electron densities, bias currents, and terahertz radiation intensities. The experimental results are explained well by a photoconductivity mechanism based on the heating of electrons by terahertz radiation. A strong increase in the photoconductivity signal with increasing magnetic field caused by an increase in the relaxation time due to the suppression of electron-electron scattering is observed.