bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Restart the Interventional Activity in the COVID‐19 Era: The Experience of a Private Pain Unit in Spain
Authors: Abejón David , Monzón Eva M. , Deer Tim , Hagedorn Jonathan M. , Araujo Ricardo , Abad Cristina , Rios Alberto , Zamora Alejandro , Vallejo Ricardo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe situation generated in the health system by the COVID‐19 pandemic has provoked a crisis involving the necessity to cancel non‐urgent and oncologic activity in the operating room and in day‐to‐day practice. As the situation continues, the need to reinstate attention for patients with chronic pain grows. The restoration of this activity has to begin with on‐site appointments and possible surgical procedures. On‐site clinical activity has to guarantee the safety of patients and health workers.ObjectivesThe objective of this review was to evaluate how to manage activity in pain units, considering the scenario generated by the pandemic and the implications of chronic pain on the immune system and proposed pharmacological and interventional therapies.MethodsBesides the established general recommendations (physical distance, surgical masks, gloves, etc.), we established specific recommendations that will allow patient treatment and relieve the disruption of the immune response. It is important to highlight the use of opioids with the least influence in the immune system. Further, individualized corticoid use, risk assessment, reduced immune suppression, and dose adjustment should take patient needs into account. In this scenario, we highlight the use of radiofrequency and neuromodulation therapies, techniques that do not interfere with the immune response.ConclusionsWe describe procedures to implement these recommendations for individual clinical situations, the therapeutic possibilities and safety guidelines for each center, and government recommendations during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Strongyloides‐specific IgA, IgG and IgG immune complex profile in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Bosqui Larissa Rodrigues , da Silva Gabriela Borges , Gonzaga Henrique Tomaz , Gonçalves Ana Lúcia Ribeiro , Custodio Luiz Antonio , Pavanelli Wander Rogério , Conchon‐Costa Ivete , de Paula Fabiana Martins , Costa‐Cruz Julia Maria , da Costa Idessania Nazareth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe an anti‐StrongyloidesIgA, IgG and IgG immune complex antibody response profile in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods and ResultsSaliva and serum samples were collected from 100 individuals: group I, 50 apparently healthy individuals; and group II, 50 pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The IgA, IgG and IgG immune complex detection were carried out via an ELISA immunoenzymatic test. Optical density medians in saliva samples of IgA antibody (median of 7.21) and IgG‐IC (median of 4.95) were significantly higher in tuberculosis group compared to control individuals (median IgA of 3.93 and IgG‐IC of 2.38).ConclusionThis study presents antibody data to the field of pulmonary tuberculosis and strongyloidiasis coinfection, including saliva samples, and especially IgG immune complex detection.
Pollen viability of Euro‐Mediterranean orchids under different storage conditions: The possible effects of climate change
Authors: Pellegrino G. , Mahmoudi M. , Palermo A. M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The future impact of climate change and a warmer world is a matter of great concern. We therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature on pollen viability and fruit set of Mediterranean orchids.

The in vitro and controlled pollination experiments were performed to evaluate the ability of pollinia stored at lower and higher temperatures to germinate and produce fruits and seeds containing viable embryos.

In all of the examined orchids, pollen stored at −20 °C remained fully viable for up to 3 years, reducing its percentage germination from year 4 onwards. Pollinia stored at higher temperatures had a drastic reduction in vitality after 2 days at 41–44 °C, while pollinia stored at 47–50 °C did not show any pollen tube growth.

The different levels of pollen viability duration among the examined orchids can be related to their peculiar reproductive biology and pollination ecology. The germinability of pollinia stored at lower temperatures for long periods suggests that orchid pollinia can be conserved ex situ. In contrast, higher temperatures can have harmful effects on the vitality of pollen and consequently on reproductive success of the plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the effects of global change on orchid pollen, and on pollen ability to tolerate, or not, higher air temperatures. Although vegetative reproduction allows orchids to survive a few consecutive warm years, higher temperatures for several consecutive years can have dramatic effects on reproductive success of orchids.
Preparatory ERPs in visual, auditory, and somatosensory discriminative motor tasks
Authors: Bianco Valentina , Berchicci Marika , Livio Perri Rinaldo , Quinzi Federico , Mussini Elena , Spinelli Donatella , Di Russo Francesco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious event‐related potential (ERP) studies mainly from the present research group showed a novel component, that is, the prefrontal negativity (pN), recorded in visual‐motor discriminative tasks during the pre‐stimulus phase. This component is concomitant to activity related to motor preparation, that is, the Bereitschaftspotential (BP). The pN component has been reported in experiments based on the visual modality only; for other modalities (acoustic and/or somatosensory) the presence of the pN warrants further investigation. This study represents a first step toward this direction; indeed, we aimed at describing the pN and the BP components in discriminative response tasks (DRTs) for three sensory modalities. In experiment 1 ERPs were recorded in 29 adults in visual and auditory DRT; an additional group of 15 adults participated to a somatosensory DRT (experiment 2). In line with previous results both the pN and the BP were clearly detectable in the visual modality. In the auditory modality the prefrontal pN was not detectable directly; however, the pN could be derived by subtraction of separate EEG traces recorded in a “passive” version of the same auditory task, in which motor responses were not required. In the somatosensory modality both the pN and the BP were detectable, although with lower amplitudes with respect to other two sensory modalities. Overall, regardless of the sensory modality, anticipatory task‐related pN and BP components could be detected (or derived by subtraction) over both the prefrontal and motor cortices. These results support the view that anticipatory processes share common components among sensory modalities.
Basal glucose excretion in dogs: The impact of feeding, obesity, sex, and age
Authors: Zeugswetter Florian K. , Schwendenwein Ilse 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe urine glucose (UG) measurements are an integral part of urinalyses, especially in dogs with polyuria and polydipsia. A positive dipstick result is considered pathologic for disease. This paradigm has been challenged by new ultrasensitive tests, where the manufacturers recommend tolerating slightly positive results. It implies that, as in other species, basal urine glucose losses can exceed the lower limits of detection using ultrasensitive glucose dipsticks in healthy dogs.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine whether glucose is routinely detectable using a sensitive quantitative wet chemistry method in the urine of nondiabetic, nonazotemic dogs, and investigate the impact of food intake, obesity, sex, castration status, and age.MethodsSerial UG measurements were performed in healthy clinic‐owned Beagle dogs that were randomly fasted or fed. Glucose was measured in morning urine samples from normal‐weight healthy and obese dogs, and the university's electronic database was searched for quantitative UG measurements (Gluco‐quant Enzyme Kit/Roche Diagnostics).ResultsSmall amounts of glucose were detected in 555 (99.1%) of 560 urine samples analyzed. All urine samples from the clinic‐owned Beagle dogs, as well as from privately owned obese and normal‐weight healthy dogs that tested positive for glucose. The median (range) UG concentration obtained from the university's electronic database was 0.39 (0‐1.55) mmol/L, and 2.2% of the samples tested negative. Feeding, obesity, gender, castration status, and age did not affect UG concentrations.ConclusionsStudies, including a larger number of healthy dogs, are warranted to define a cut‐off between physiologic and pathologic glucosuria.
Chip‐based duplex real‐time PCR for water quality monitoring concerning Legionella pneumophila and Legionella spp.
Authors: Reuter Cornelia , Hentschel Stefanie , Breitenstein Antje , Heinrich Eileen , Aehlig Oliver , Henkel Thomas , Csáki Andrea , Fritzsche Wolfgang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on biomolecular methods, rapid and selective identification of human pathogenic water organisms becomes an important issue. Legionella spp., are pathogenic water bacteria with worldwide significance. Prevalent detection methods for these microorganisms are time and/or cost intensive. We describe a detection setup and relating DNA assay. A miniaturized real‐time polymerase chain reaction (real‐time PCR) for direct on‐line discrimination of Legionella pneumophila and Legionella spp. was established and integrated into a real‐time PCR‐chip‐system. The PCR‐chip device combines a temperature controlling unit and a fluorescence intensity measurement. It was designed to achieve rapid amplification, using an approach of real‐time fluorescence read out with the intercalating dye EvaGreen® and melting curve analysis, without requiring multiple probes. The presented results exhibit reproducibility and good sensitivity, showing that the setup is suitable for robust, rapid and cost‐efficient detection and monitoring of a variety of Legionella spp.in urban water samples.
Dilemmas of integrated water resources management implementation in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia: irrigation development versus environmental flows
Authors: Mersha Adey Nigatu , de Fraiture Charlotte , Masih Ilyas , Alamirew Tena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironmental flows allocation is an intrinsic part of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). This paper analyses socio‐political issues and effects of environmental flows integration on water availability under the context of increased agricultural intensification in an effort to tackle food insecurity. Lack of appropriate framework comprising the procedural requirements and strategic directions as well as prevalence of politically motivated ad hoc development programmes are among major challenges identified. Introducing environmental flows to a perceived satisfactory level would result in a significant increase of unmet irrigation water demand, yet, “productivity first” norm overtakes. This is presumed to be due to skewed focus on irrigation expansion and low awareness on the possible consequences. The particular challenges highlighted generally unveil the inherent contradictions in the IWRM concept putting its claim that the set of principles and entire course stand universally accepted as a means to balance socio‐economic and environmental outcomes under question.
Enhanced threat of tick‐borne infections within cities? Assessing public health risks due to ticks in urban green spaces in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Sormunen Jani Jukka , Kulha Niko , Klemola Tero , Mäkelä Satu , Vesilahti Ella‐Maria , Vesterinen Eero Juhani 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost tick‐related studies in Europe have been conducted in nonurban areas, but ticks and tick‐borne pathogens also occur in urban green spaces. From a public health perspective, risks regarding tick‐borne infections should be studied in these urban areas, where contacts between infected ticks and humans may be more frequent than elsewhere, due to high human activity. We examined the risk of encountering an infected tick in urban green spaces in Helsinki, Finland. We collected ticks at nine sites throughout Helsinki, recorded the prevalence of several pathogens and identified areas with a high potential for contacts between infected ticks and humans. Moreover, we explored the relationship between the density of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato‐infected ticks and locally diagnosed cases of borreliosis and compared the potential for human‐tick encounters in Helsinki to those in nonurban areas in south‐western Finland. During 34.8 km of cloth dragging, 2,417 Ixodes ricinus were caught (402 adults, 1,399 nymphs and 616 larvae). From analysed nymphs, we found 11 distinct tick‐borne pathogens, with 31.5% of nymphs carrying at least one pathogen. Tick activity was highest in August and September, leading to the density of nymphs infected with B. burgdorferi s.l., and concurrently infection risk, to also be highest during this time. Nymph densities varied between the sampling sites, with obvious implications to spatial variation in infection risk. While ticks and tick‐borne pathogens were found in both Helsinki and nonurban areas in south‐western Finland, the estimates of human activity were generally higher in urban green spaces, leading to a higher potential for human‐tick contacts therein. The presence of ticks and tick‐borne pathogens and high local human activity in urban green spaces suggest that they form potential foci regarding the acquisition of tick‐borne infections. Risk areas within cities should be identified and knowledge regarding urban ticks increased.
Dynamical Simulation of High-Pressure Gas Kick in Ultra-Deepwater Riserless Drilling
Authors: Mao Liangjie , Cai Mingjie , Liu Qingyou , Wang Guorong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
During riserless drilling for ultra-deepwater gas wells, well control challenges induced by high-pressure gas kick will be faced. A two-phase flow model with consideration of high-pressure gas invasion during riserless drilling was proposed, and the model was proved to be more accurate for predicting high-pressure gas kick during riserless drilling by reproducing field data and comparison with published models. Then, a dynamical simulation of high-pressure gas kick in ultra-deepwater riserless drilling was presented. Results showed that during ultra-deepwater riserless drilling, the bottom hole pressure will be underestimated, while pit gain will be over-estimated without considering the gas acceleration effect. With the consideration of gas acceleration effect at high-pressure well bottom, the gas influx rate increases rapidly with the kick time and tends to be stable after a period of time as negative pressure difference at well bottom increases. During riserless drilling, according to the timeliness and effectivity of kick detection methods, pit gain is prior for kick detection, following bottom hole pressure, standpipe pressure, and return rate. Moreover, if early gas kick was not detected, the rapid increase in change rate of standpipe pressure and return rate can be regarded as an indicator, showing that gas is reaching mud line. Besides, the effects of shutoff time, drilling displacement, drilling fluid density increases, geothermal gradient, and reservoir permeability on kick indicators and wellbore pressure have been discussed. The research results could provide important theoretical bases and technical guidance for well control aspects of riserless drilling.
Hydrodynamic Analysis Techniques for Coupled Seakeeping–Sloshing in Zero Speed Vessels: A Review
Authors: Igbadumhe Jane-Frances , Fürth Mirjam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith more recent discoveries of oil and gas reserves in the deep ocean locations like Guyana and Ghana, floating vessels such as floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) and floating liquified natural gas (FLNG) are in high demand. Good seakeeping characteristics of floating vessels are relevant because they are expected to be in operation all year round regardless of the weather conditions they may encounter. One phenomenon that affects the motion responses of floating vessels in severe weather conditions is sloshing in the cargo tanks. Vessel wave responses and sloshing may, individually and combined, cause damaging and dangerous motions. The availability of fast and accurate techniques for predicting and analyzing the motions and tank behavior in extreme weather conditions plays a significant role in the design and operations of floating vessels. Over the years, investigations have been carried out on the hydrodynamics of vessel motions, sloshing as a separate phenomenon as well as coupled vessel motions with sloshing analysis. This study reviews the existing techniques that are applicable for analyzing coupled vessel motions and sloshing in the tanks of floating vessels moored offshore. The pros and cons of each technique have been discussed, with the aim to help future researchers and engineers select the most appropriate method for design and analysis. This paper also identifies methods that are yet to be fully applied for coupled seakeeping—sloshing analysis.
Effects of Materials on the Heat Transfer Coefficient During Condensation and Evaporation of R410A
Authors: Tang Weiyu , Khan Tariq Amin , Zheng Boren , Wang Lei , Li Wei , Sherif S. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An experimental investigation was conducted to demonstrate the effects of materials on the heat transfer characteristics of R410A during evaporation and condensation inside two horizontal plain tubes with the same inner diameter of 6 mm, but with two different materials of aluminum and stainless steel. The variation of vapor quality for the test section was kept in the range of 0.2–0.9, while mass velocities were allowed to vary from 100 to 400 kg/m2/s1. First, a series of single-phase and repetitive experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy and reliability of the test rig. Results of the evaporation experiments show that the plain aluminum tube performs best for all tested mass velocities. Several different correlations were employed to predict the present data, and their predictive ability was compared and discussed. Results indicate that the Liu and Winterton correlation could accurately predict the present results except for low mass velocities. Roughness effects were accounted for employing a correction factor. The larger roughness of the stainless steel tube was supposed to make the stainless steel tube perform better if roughness effects were accounted for, so the better performance of the aluminum tube was mainly attributed to the material effects. The pool boiling heat transfer as predicted by the VDI model was compared with the experimental results, and more obvious material effects have been found for pool boiling conditions. The minor differences between the two tubes in this case may be explained by the nucleate boiling suppression and incomplete wetting. For the condensation experiments, little difference was found between the two tested tubes, which means that the material and roughness effects may have had little influence on the thermal performance during condensation.
Analysis of a Fluidized-Bed Particle/Supercritical-CO2 Heat Exchanger in a Concentrating Solar Power System
Authors: Ma Zhiwen , Martinek Janna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Concentrating solar power (CSP) development has focused on increasing the energy conversion efficiency and lowering the capital cost. To improve performance, CSP research is moving to high-temperature and high-efficiency designs. One technology approach is to use inexpensive, high-temperature heat transfer fluids and storage, integrated with a high-efficiency power cycle such as the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton power cycle. The sCO2 Brayton power cycle has strong potential to achieve performance targets of 50% thermal-to-electric efficiency and dry cooling at an ambient temperature of up to 40 °C and to reduce the cost of power generation. Solid particles have been proposed as a possible high-temperature heat transfer or storage medium that is inexpensive and stable at high temperatures above 1000 °C. The particle/sCO2 heat exchanger (HX) provides a connection between the particles and sCO2 fluid in emerging sCO2 power cycles. This article presents heat transfer modeling to analyze the particle/sCO2 HX design and assess design tradeoffs including the HX cost. The heat transfer process was modeled based on a particle/sCO2 counterflow configuration, and empirical heat transfer correlations for the fluidized bed and sCO2 were used to calculate heat transfer area and estimate the HX cost. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was applied to characterize particle distribution and fluidization. This article shows a path to achieve the cost and performance objectives for a particle/sCO2 HX design by using fluidized-bed technology.
Analytical Solution of the Transient Heat Conduction in the Absorber Tube of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Under Quasi-Steady Conditions
Authors: Cundapí Roger , Moya Sara L. , Cazarez Octavio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTemperature fields and their transient behaviors are essential subjects to be considered for modeling and design of absorber tubes in concentrated solar power plants. Both subjects have been addressed by various authors. However, the first subject has been primarily solved in the steady state. While the second has been solved by considering transient variations in the environmental or operating conditions, but with a heat conduction model in steady state. To the best of our knowledge, there are no analytical transient two-dimensional (2D) (r, φ) solutions involving nonuniform heat flux distribution (NUHFD) on the absorber tube of a parabolic trough solar collector (PTC). This study aims to obtain an analytical solution for the transient heat conduction in 2D of the absorber tube. The analytical solution was obtained using the method of separation of variables and the superposition principle. Two NUHFD functions were analyzed: a step function and a local concentration ratio (LCR) function. To the first function, the effect of the inlet fluid temperature and efficiency were also studied. The results agree with experimental and numerical results from the literature. The maximum average root-mean-square was near 6.4% for the step function, while the maximum average error was 1% for LCR function. The theoretical energy balances corroborate the validity of the analytical solution. The analytical solution could be useful to compare other theoretical studies (e.g., to prove new numerical schemes), to simulate other parameters of design, and to calibrate experimental tests. Even this work could be extended for nonlinear boundary conditions.