bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating a Set of Mortality Risk Functions with Multiple Contributing Causes of Death
Authors: Breger Tiffany L. , Edwards Jessie K. , Cole Stephen R. , Saag Michael , Rebeiro Peter F. , Moore Richard D. , Eron Joseph J. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
There are few methodologic examples of how multiple causes of death may be summarized in cause-specific mortality analyses to address limitations of attributing death to a single underlying cause. We propose a cause-of-death weighting approach to estimate the set of risk functions of specific causes of mortality using both underlying and contributing cause-of-death information.

Methods:
We constructed weights according to a user-specified function. Using data from four southern US human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics, we constructed a cause of death-weighted Aalen–Johansen estimator of the cumulative incidence function to estimate risks of five specific causes of mortality in the full sample and by injection drug use history.

Results:
Among 7740 HIV-positive patients initiating antiretroviral therapy between 1999 and 2014, the 8-year risk of all-cause mortality was 17.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 16.5, 18.4]. The cause of death-weighted risk of HIV-related mortality was 6.7% (95% CI = 6.0, 7.3) and accounted for 39% (95% CI = 35, 42) of total mortality risk. This compared with 10.2% (95% CI = 9.2, 11.2) using only the underlying cause, in which case HIV-related deaths accounted for nearly 60% of total mortality risk. The proportion attributable to cardiovascular disease among those whose HIV risk factor was injection drug use was twice as high using cause-of-death weights compared with only the underlying cause (8%; 95% CI = 5, 11 vs 4%; 95% CI = 1, 6).

Conclusion:
Using cause of death-weighted estimators to incorporate multiple causes of death may yield different conclusions regarding the importance of certain causes of mortality. See video abstract: http://links.lww.com/EDE/B706.
Glycerin-Assisted Vitreoretinal Surgery in Edematous Cornea
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Surve Abhidnya , Kumar Suneel , Azad Shorya , Sharma Namrata 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To describe the use of glycerin in improving media clarity in cases with edematous cornea.

Methods:
Retrospective case series including patients with posterior segment pathologies needing surgical invention and having corneal edema. Each case was studied for the role of topical application of glycerin instead of viscoelastic agents and the course of surgery. The cases were followed up for minimum 3 months duration.

Results:
Six cases with corneal edema having posterior segment pathology underwent surgery with intraoperative topical application of glycerin. The corneal edema was seen to clear with progression of surgery and was maintained until the end of surgery. Procedures such as vitreoretinal surgery, identification of break, internal limiting membrane peeling, intraocular lens explantation, scleral indentation, Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty graft removal, and subretinal band removal could be performed in these cases.

Conclusion:
Intraoperative glycerin use during vitreoretinal surgeries is helpful in improving the corneal clarity and maintaining it till the end of surgery.
Baseline Findings in the Retrospective Digital Computer Analysis of Keratoconus Evolution (REDCAKE) Project
Authors: Jiménez-García Marta , Ní Dhubhghaill Sorcha , Koppen Carina , Varssano David , Rozema Jos J. ,   and The REDCAKE Study Group
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
To present the baseline data for a large cohort of patients with keratoconus enrolled in the Retrospective Digital Computer Analysis of Keratoconus Evolution (REDCAKE) study.

Methods:
Eight centers contributed the Scheimpflug tomographical data for 906 patients with keratoconus, 743 measured with a Pentacam and 163 with a Galilei. The stage of keratoconus at baseline, the location of the reference points, minimum pachymetry (Pmin), and maximum keratometry (Kmax) were analyzed. The intereye asymmetry was evaluated for Kmax (anterior and posterior), Pmin, and keratoconus stage. Average maps and elevation profiles were calculated for each degree of keratoconus.

Results:
Keratoconus was more frequently diagnosed in men (73%) than in women (27%). At baseline, 500/1155 eyes (43%) presented with moderate to severe changes in the posterior surface, whereas moderate/severe changes were only found in 252 and 63 eyes when evaluating anterior surface and pachymetry, respectively. The location of Pmin was usually inferotemporal (94% OD and 94% OS), while the location of Kmax showed more variability and significantly higher distance from apex (P < 0.05). The keratoconus presentation was chiefly asymmetric for all the parameters studied. Clear differences between stages could be identified in the maps and elevation profiles.

Conclusions:
The staging map set presented can be used as a graphical guidance to classify keratoconus stage. Keratoconus presented asymmetrically, and generally the posterior surface was more affected than the anterior surface or the thickness. Asymmetry is playing a role in KC detection. Although Pmin was almost invariably located inferotemporally, Kmax location showed higher variability and distance from the apex.
Can Treatment With Citicoline Eyedrops Reduce Progression in Glaucoma? The Results of a Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Rossetti Luca , Iester Michele , Tranchina Laura , Ottobelli Laura , Coco Giulia , Calcatelli Elisabetta , Ancona Chiara , Cirafici Paola , Manni Gianluca 
Published: June 2020

Precis:
Citicoline eyedrops in patients with progressing glaucoma.

Purpose:
This study aimed to test whether the additional therapy with citicoline eyedrops to intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering treatment could slow glaucoma progression in patients with worsening of damage and IOP 18 mm Hg or less.

Design:
This was a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, multicenter 3-year study.

Outcomes:
The outcomes studied were difference in the visual field (mean deviation, MD, of 24-2; MD of 10-2) rates of progression and difference in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness change between the 2 study groups at 3 years.

Methods:
Patients with mild to moderate open-angle glaucoma (OAG) showing damage progression of at least −0.5 dB/y in the 2 years before enrollment despite IOP ≤18 mm Hg were randomized to receive citicoline eyedrops or placebo 3 times daily for 3 years. Patients were followed every 3 months and underwent a visual field examination with 24-2 and 10-2 strategies and RNFL assessment. Analysis of variance and linear models were used to test the differences between groups.

Results:
Eighty patients were randomized in the trial. The mean 3-year rates of progression were −1.03 (2.14) dB in the citicoline group and −1.92 (2.23) dB in the placebo group (P=0.07) for 24-2 MD and −0.41 (3.45) dB in the citicoline group and −2.22 (3.63) dB in the placebo group (P=0.02) for 10-2 MD. On average, patients receiving citicoline eyedrops lost 1.86 μm of RNFL in 3 years, versus 2.99 μm in the placebo group (P=0.02).

Conclusions:
Additional treatment with citicoline eyedrops to IOP-lowering treatment might reduce disease progression in patients with progressing glaucoma despite IOP ≤18 mm Hg.
Repetitive stress in mice causes migraine-like behaviors and calcitonin gene-related peptide-dependent hyperalgesic priming to a migraine trigger
Authors: Avona Amanda , Mason Bianca N. , Lackovic Jacob , Wajahat Naureen , Motina Marina , Quigley Lilyana , Burgos-Vega Carolina , Moldovan Loomis Cristina , Garcia-Martinez Leon F. , Akopian Armen N. , Price Theodore J. , Dussor Gregory 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMigraine is one of the most disabling disorders worldwide but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Stress is consistently reported as a common trigger of migraine attacks. Here, we show that repeated stress in mice causes migraine-like behaviors that are responsive to a migraine therapeutic. Adult female and male mice were exposed to 2 hours of restraint stress for 3 consecutive days, after which they demonstrated facial mechanical hypersensitivity and facial grimace responses that were resolved by 14 days after stress. Hypersensitivity or grimace was not observed in either control animals or those stressed for only 1 day. After return to baseline, the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0.1 mg/kg) elicited mechanical hypersensitivity in stressed but not in control animals, demonstrating the presence of hyperalgesic priming. This suggests the presence of a migraine-like state, because nitric oxide donors are reliable triggers of attacks in migraine patients but not controls. The stress paradigm also caused priming responses to dural pH 7.0 treatment. The presence of this primed state after stress is not permanent because it was no longer present at 35 days after stress. Finally, mice received either the calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody ALD405 (10 mg/kg) 24 hours before SNP or a coinjection of sumatriptan (0.6 mg/kg). ALD405, but not sumatriptan, blocked the facial hypersensitivity due to SNP. This stress paradigm in mice and the subsequent primed state caused by stress allow further preclinical investigation of mechanisms contributing to migraine, particularly those caused by common triggers of attacks.
Impact of self-measured blood pressure monitoring on hypertension management
Authors: Swaminathan Renugadevi , Cohen Emily , Philley Maddie , Hokanson John , Young Kendra 
Published: June 2020

Background
An estimated 31% of adults in the USA have hypertension. The American Heart Association’s Check. Change. Control. (CCC) program is an ongoing evidence-based hypertension management program that encourages participants to use remote blood pressure (BP) monitoring to take control of their cardiovascular health. The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) monitoring and tracking on high BP control among participants of the CCC program.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study among hypertensive men (n = 912) and women (n = 2021) using the 2016–2017 CCC national data. Demographics were examined among participants who checked their BP readings frequently, with a minimum of eight BP readings over four months, versus those who did not check their BP as often. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated the association of SMBP monitoring and BP reduction.

Results
A greater proportion of participants who frequently checked their BP readings had BP reduction (17.7%), compared to participants who did not check their BP readings frequently (3.9%, P < 0.001). Men were 40% less likely to have BP reduction compared to women (P = 0.02); African Americans and Hispanic Americans were 63% (P < 0.0001) and 37% (P = 0.07) less likely to have BP reduction as compared to Caucasian Americans, respectively. After adjusting for sex and race/ethnicity, the odds of BP reduction was 4.88 times (95% confidence interval, 2.66–8.95) higher for participants who checked their BP readings frequently, compared to those who did not frequently check their BP readings.

Conclusion
Hypertensive participants who monitor their BP readings frequently using a self-management program have better BP control.
High Patient Disease Burden in a Cross‐sectional, Multicenter Contact Registry Study of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases
Authors: Jensen Elizabeth T. , Aceves Seema S. , Bonis Peter A. , Bray Kimberly , Book Wendy , Chehade Mirna , Collins Margaret H. , Dellon Evan S. , Falk Gary W. , Gonsalves Nirmala , Gupta Sandeep K. , Hirano Ikuo , Katzka David A. , Kyle Shay , Mack Denise , Kodroff Ellyn , Leung John , Mukkada Vincent A. , Scott Melissa , Paliana Ally , Sable Kathleen , Spergel Jonathan M. , Strobel Mary Jo , Krischer Jeffrey , Rothenberg Marc E. , Abonia Pablo ,   CEGIR Investigator group
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:Clinical features of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) have been well‐described in the literature, however, characterization of features experienced by patients with other eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) is lacking. Using data collected from a patient contact registry, we sought to characterize and contrast patient‐reported gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal symptoms and comorbidities in non‐EoE EGIDs, including eosinophilic gastritis, gastroenteritis and colitis, relative to EoE.Methods:We conducted a cross‐sectional study of contact registry data collected from 2015 to 2018. Statistical comparisons were made using chi‐square (categorical measures) and the Mann‐Whitney U test (continuous measures). Multivariable analyses were used to evaluate associations between treatment and feelings of isolation.Results:Of the 715 reporting an EGID diagnosis (n = 525 EoE; n = 190 non‐EoE EGID), a higher proportion of those with a non‐EoE EGID reported more frequent specific and nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating (P < 0.01 for all). Participants with a non‐EoE EGID were more likely to report higher frequency of fatigue, isolation, and deep muscle or joint pain (P < 0.01 for all). Specific food elimination and elemental formula treatments were associated with increased odds of more frequent (at least weekly) feelings of isolation for participants with EoE (adjusted odds rtaio [aOR]: 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5‐‐4.1 for specific food elimination and adjusted OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2‐‐3.3 for elemental formula).Conclusions:Significant differences exist in the symptoms and comorbidities experienced between those with EoE versus non‐EoE EGIDs. Additional investigation is needed to elucidate the factors that may contribute to the high disease burden of these poorly understood conditions.
Psychometric and Linguistic Evaluation of a Coping Scale for Breast Cancer Survivors in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chiung-Yu , Perng Shoa-Jen , Chen Chun-I , Lu Chu-Yun 
Published: June 2020

Background
Coping strategies are essential in dealing with threatening situations or difficulties for better psychological adjustments and quality of life. A short-form modified Ways of Coping Questionnaire (MWCQ) would be useful to quickly assess the coping strategies used by breast cancer survivors.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of a brief version of the MWCQ in breast cancer survivors.

Methods
A methodological, cross-sectional design was used in this study. The study has internal consistency reliability, face/content, construct, and convergent/divergent validity. Factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to examine the psychometric properties of the MWCQ-brief in a convenience sample of 207 women with breast cancer from 2 general hospitals in Taiwan.

Results
From the initial 35-item coping scale, factor analysis results supported a 24-item questionnaire, and the following 4 factors were extracted: effective coping, optimistic coping, unpractical coping, and escape coping. Confirmatory factor analysis results revealed an 18-item questionnaire with 3 factors extracted: active coping, avoidance coping, and minimizing the situation.

Conclusions
The 24- and 18-item MWCQ-brief versions demonstrate fair psychometric properties to measure adaptability among women with breast cancer in Taiwan. This scale is simple but contains 4 or 3 concepts for coping that can be appropriately used to assess underlying states of adaptation in women with breast cancer.

Implications for Practice
The MWCQ-brief is a valid and reliable tool to understand the adaptability states of female breast cancer survivors by exploring reactions to the disease. Healthcare professionals can provide appropriate psychosocial interventions based on assessment results.
Restorative Quality Improvement
Authors: Johnson Hannah 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Six Sigma is a quality improvement (QI) method used in hospitals, but not typically in nursing homes (NHs), to reduce service variability and expenditures.

Local Problem:
The existing QI process for functional maintenance program (FMP) charting/auditing in an urban NH allowed variability and lost revenue.

Methods:
A single-group pre/posttest design with analysis of variance and t-test analysis was used to implement Six Sigma for the FMP process.

Intervention:
Phases of Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control addressed performance objectives of FMP capacity; staff retention; congruence between prescribed, performed, and charted FMPs; and month-end summaries of resident status on FMPs.

Results:
With the existing staff, capability was increased by 17 residents ($200 000 revenue) and 90% to 100% charting congruence was achieved. Limited success was attributed to lack of skill diffusion, team communication, manager availability, and project prioritization.

Conclusions:
Six Sigma was moderately successful when applied in a single NH for QI.
An Assessment of Predatory Publication Use in Reviews
Authors: Collom Charles D. , Oermann Marilyn H. , Sabol Valerie K. , Heintz Phyllis A. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose/Aims
Predatory journals, characterized by poor editorial practices and questionable peer review, constitute a threat to academic literature. Citations to predatory journals in reviews of research potentially weaken the strength of these reviews, which are relied upon by nurses as evidence for practice. The purposes of this study were to assess the (a) extent to which reviews have relied on articles published in predatory journals, (b) nursing research practice areas most reliant on predatory journal citations, and (c) extent to which predatory journal citations are being used in reviews that guide the care of sensitive or vulnerable groups.

Methods
Literature and other types of reviews with 1 or more citations to a predatory journal (n = 78) were assessed. The reviews were classified by topic (clinical practice, education, and management).

Results
The 78 reviews contained 275 citations to articles published in predatory journals; 51 reviews (65%) substantively used these references.

Conclusions
Predatory journal articles, which may not have been subjected to an adequate peer review, are being cited in review articles published in legitimate nursing journals, weakening the strength of these reviews as evidence for practice.
Niemann-Pick Disease Type B in Traumatic Splenic Rupture
Authors: Zhao Shuquan , Shi Qing , Deng Weinian , Zhou Yiwu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The rupture of spleen is common in clinical and forensic practice. Trauma is the most common cause of splenic rupture. Although rare, traumatic splenic rupture may occur in these individuals with asymptomatic underlying disease, and clinical and forensic pathologists may neglect the disease and diagnose only the traumatic splenic rupture. Here, we present a case of postinjury splenic rupture resulting in splenectomy, where the patient was diagnosed with Niemann-Pick disease type B through histopathological examination and genetic testing. In forensic practice, in cases of isolation splenic rupture, full microscopy should be done to differentiate traumatic rupture from a spontaneous bleed due to an underlying disease process.
Evidence-Based Perioperative Nutrition Recommendations: Optimizing Results and Minimizing Risks
Authors: Knackstedt Rebecca , Oliver Jeremie , Gatherwright James 
Published: June 2020

Summary:Plastic surgery patients span the nutritional spectrum from generally healthy, nutritionally competent patients to inherently catabolic, nutritionally deficient, and chronic wound patients. Therefore, plastic and reconstructive surgery affords the opportunity to investigate the impact of nutrition across a heterogeneous patient population following a wide variety of procedures. Although patients may be nutritionally deficient in certain vitamins warranting perioperative repletion, other supplements have the potential to benefit all patients, regardless of nutritional status. Despite these putative benefits, there is a dearth of information regarding nutritional optimization, with the limited, available literature focusing mostly on herbal supplements and their potential side effects. A significant barrier to supplement use is the lack of education and available supporting information regarding the indications, contraindications, and physiology of these adjuncts. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based review of available nutritional supplements that can be considered for the plastic surgery patient in the perioperative period to optimize surgical outcomes while minimizing risk. Prospective, well-designed studies using validated, high-quality supplements will be critical in determining the significance that perioperative supplementation can have for surgical outcomes. Until well-done prospective studies are performed, the supplement, dose, and duration should be determined on an individual, patient-per-patient basis at the discretion of the operating surgeon.
The Impact of an Optimism Training Intervention on Biological Measures Associated With Cardiovascular Health: Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mohammadi Narges , Aghayousefi Alireza , Nikrahan Gholam Reza , King Franklin , Alipour Ahmad , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Roohafza Hamidreza , Celano Christopher M. , Gomez Perla Romero , Huffman Jeff C. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Positive psychological constructs, such as optimism, are associated with cardiovascular health, and changes in biological measures associated with heart health have been proposed as potential mediators of these relationships. In this analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial, we examined the impact of an optimism training intervention on biological measures associated with cardiac health in patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods
We analyzed data from an 8-week, randomized, controlled trial of a group-based optimism training intervention in 61 patients with coronary artery disease. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6, irisin, and fibrinogen were measured at baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks. Mixed-effects regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of the intervention on changes in biological measures at 8 and 16 weeks.

Results
At 8 weeks, the intervention led to significantly greater reductions in hs-CRP (B = −0.851 [standard error {SE} = 0.273, p = .002) and fibrinogen (B = −0.148 [SE = 0.062], p = .016), and a greater increase in irisin (B = 0.252 [SE = 0.114], p = .027) compared with the control condition. These changes persisted at 16 weeks (hs-CRP: B = −1.078 [SE = 0.276], p < .001; fibrinogen: B = −0.270 [SE = 0.062], p < .001; irisin: B = 0.525 [SE = 0.116], p < .001), and interleukin 6 additionally was impacted at this time point (B = −0.214 [SE = 0.064], p = .001). Exploratory mediation analyses failed to identify significant psychological or health behavior mediators of these relationships.

Conclusions
A group-based optimism training intervention resulted in significant, robust, and sustained changes in biological measures associated with cardiac health. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in a larger sample and identify potential mediating variables.

Trial Registration: Iran Registry of Clinical Trials No. 2016070328769 N1.