bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in MDR1 (C3435T), CYP2D6, and CYP1A2 Genotype Frequencies between Patients with Treatment Failure to Antipsychotics and Healthy Russian Population
Authors: Zhiganova Tatiana , Eugenia Radkova , Tatiana Sergeeva , Viktoriia Volovnikova 
Published: April 2020

Background:Personalized approach is one of the options to overcome treatment failure in psychiatry and increase the efficacy of antipsychotic treatment for an individual patient by using genetic tests.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of MDR1 (C3435T), CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 genotypes in psychiatric patients with treatment failure to antipsychotics to compare the results with those published for the Russian population.Methods:A total number of 52 patients attending a psychiatry outpatient clinic were included in the study. All patients required changing the therapy with antipsychotics due to treatment failure.Results:We revealed the higher frequency of Т/Т MDR1 (C3435T) homozygotes among study patients as compared with the Russian healthy population. For CYP1A2, the higher frequency of normal metabolizers (*1A/*1A) and lower frequency of slow metabolizers (*1F/*1F) were observed. No difference was found for intermediate metabolizers (*1A/*1F) and one patient had *1A/*1C genotype with decreased activity. For the majority of CYP2D6 genotypes, the observed frequencies were similar to those reported for the Russian healthy population except for CYP2D6 *3/*4 (slow metabolizers), for which higher frequency among study patients was found. The frequencies of CYP2С19 genotypes were comparable to the Russian population, however, no slow metabolizers (*2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3 genotypes) were identified.Conclusion:Psychiatric patients with treatment failure to antipsychotics demonstrated a high frequency of T/T MDR1 (C3435T) and CYP2D6 *3/*4 genotypes coding inactive proteins. The frequency of CYP1A2 wild type genotype *A/*A was higher with a simultaneous decrease in the frequency of *F/*F genotype compared with the healthy Russian population. Further studies of MDR1 (C3435T) genotype as well as CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2 genotypes frequency should be conducted in patients with treatment failure to antipsychotics.
Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Scoping Review
Authors: Mavragani Amaryllis 
Published: April 2020

Background
Web-based sources are increasingly employed in the analysis, detection, and forecasting of diseases and epidemics, and in predicting human behavior toward several health topics. This use of the internet has come to be known as infodemiology, a concept introduced by Gunther Eysenbach. Infodemiology and infoveillance studies use web-based data and have become an integral part of health informatics research over the past decade.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to provide a scoping review of the state-of-the-art in infodemiology along with the background and history of the concept, to identify sources and health categories and topics, to elaborate on the validity of the employed methods, and to discuss the gaps identified in current research.

Methods
The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to extract the publications that fall under the umbrella of infodemiology and infoveillance from the JMIR, PubMed, and Scopus databases. A total of 338 documents were extracted for assessment.

Results
Of the 338 studies, the vast majority (n=282, 83.4%) were published with JMIR Publications. The Journal of Medical Internet Research features almost half of the publications (n=168, 49.7%), and JMIR Public Health and Surveillance has more than one-fifth of the examined studies (n=74, 21.9%). The interest in the subject has been increasing every year, with 2018 featuring more than one-fourth of the total publications (n=89, 26.3%), and the publications in 2017 and 2018 combined accounted for more than half (n=171, 50.6%) of the total number of publications in the last decade. The most popular source was Twitter with 45.0% (n=152), followed by Google with 24.6% (n=83), websites and platforms with 13.9% (n=47), blogs and forums with 10.1% (n=34), Facebook with 8.9% (n=30), and other search engines with 5.6% (n=19). As for the subjects examined, conditions and diseases with 17.2% (n=58) and epidemics and outbreaks with 15.7% (n=53) were the most popular categories identified in this review, followed by health care (n=39, 11.5%), drugs (n=40, 10.4%), and smoking and alcohol (n=29, 8.6%).

Conclusions
The field of infodemiology is becoming increasingly popular, employing innovative methods and approaches for health assessment. The use of web-based sources, which provide us with information that would not be accessible otherwise and tackles the issues arising from the time-consuming traditional methods, shows that infodemiology plays an important role in health informatics research.
Habit Strength, Medication Adherence, and Habit-Based Mobile Health Interventions Across Chronic Medical Conditions: Systematic Review
Authors: Badawy Sherif M , Shah Richa , Beg Usman , Heneghan Mallorie B 
Published: April 2020

Background
Unintentional medication nonadherence is common and has been associated with poor health outcomes and increased health care costs. Earlier research demonstrated a relationship between habit strength and medication adherence. Previous research also examined a habit’s direct effect on adherence and how habit interacts with more conscious factors to influence or overrule them. However, the relationship between habit and adherence and the role of habit-based mobile health (mHealth) interventions remain unclear.

Objective
This review aimed to systematically evaluate the most recent evidence for habit strength, medication adherence, and habit-based mHealth interventions across chronic medical conditions.

Methods
A keyword search with combinations of the terms habit, habit strength, habit index, medication adherence, and medication compliance was conducted on the PubMed database. After duplicates were removed, two authors conducted independent abstract and full-text screening. The guidelines for the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed when reporting evidence across the included and reviewed studies.

Results
Of the 687 records examined, 11 met the predefined inclusion criteria and were finalized for data extraction, grading, and synthesis. Most included studies (6/11, 55%) were cross-sectional and used a theoretical model (8/11, 73%). The majority of studies measured habit strength using the self-report habit index and self-report behavioral automaticity index (9/11, 82%). Habit strength was positively correlated with medication adherence in most studies (10/11, 91%). Habit mediated the effects of self-efficacy on medication adherence (1/11, 9%), and social norms moderated the effects of habit strength on medication adherence (1/11, 9%). Habit strength also moderated the effects of poor mental health symptoms and medication adherence (1/11, 9%). None of the included studies reported on using or proposing a habit-based mHealth behavioral intervention to promote medication adherence.

Conclusions
Habit strength was strongly correlated with medication adherence, and stronger habit was associated with higher medication adherence rates, regardless of the theoretical model and/or guiding framework. Habit-based interventions should be used to increase medication adherence, and these interventions could leverage widely available mobile technology tools such as mobile apps or text messaging, and existing routines.
Re-challenging antibiotic resistance with Daniel Berman
Authors: Berman Daniel 
Published: April 2020

How can we prevent the rise of resistance to antibiotics? In this video, Daniel Berman, Nesta Challenges, discusses the global threat of AMR and how prizes like the Longitude Prize can foster the development of rapid diagnostic tests for bacterial infections, helping to contribute towards reducing the global threat of drug resistant bacteria. Daniel outlines how accelerating the development of rapid point-of-care tests will ensure that bacterial infections are treated with the most appropriate antibiotic, at the right time and in the right healthcare setting.
Innovations in point of care testing for bacterial infections: The Longitude Prize with Daniel Berman
Authors: Berman Daniel 
Published: April 2020

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious clinical and public healthcare challenges. In this video Daniel Berman, Nesta Challenges, provides an overview of the Longitude Prize, why the prize was set up and what the prize hopes to achieve. Daniel also provides insight into some of the rapid diagnostic tests currently in the running for the £8 million prize.
Efektivitas Terapi Gestalt dalam memperbaiki hubungan interpersonal dengan ayah pada pasien gangguan psikotik
Authors: Rizkiana Afitria 
Published: April 2020

Gangguan psikotik merupakan gangguan persepsi, pikiran, suasana hati dan perilaku seseorang. Asesmen dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, observasi, tes psikologi yang meliputi tes grafis (BAUM, DAP, dan HTP), WAIS, SSCT, TAT, dan Bender Gestalt, serta studi dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil asesmen, subjek didiagnosa mengalami Gangguan Psikotik Akibat Kondisi Medis Lain dengan Delusi (293.81) Permasalahan subjek adalah adanya konflik dengan ayah yang belum terselesaikan. Intervensi yang dilakukan kepada subjek bertujuan untuk membantu menyelesaikan masalah dengan ayah. Hasil intervensi yaitu subjek menyadari bahwa masalah-masalah yang pernah subjek alami dengan ayahnya merupakan pengalaman menyedihkan masa lalu yang dapat diselesaikan dengan lebih bisa menerima sikap dan perlakuan ayah sehingga hubungan dengan ayah menjadi lebih baik. Keywords: Terapi gestalt, hubungan interpersonal, psikotik
Hydrogel Activity Test from Kirinyu Leaf Ethanol Extract (Chromolaenaodorata (L.) R. King & H. Rob) and Combination of Kirinyu Leaf Ethanol Extract with Collagen As A Healing Wound Excision.
Authors: S Thursina C , R Julia , S Sumaiyah 
Published: April 2020

Objective: the purpose of this study was to determine the activity of the kirinyu leaf ethanol extract hydrogel preparation and the combination of the kirinyu leaf ethanol extract with collagen as a healing wound excision.
Method: This research is experimental, where the ethanol extracts of Kirinyu leaves and collagen are formulated in the form of hydrogel preparations and tested on the healing of excision wounds in rats. Testing wound healing activities were divided into 6 groups. The Group 1 (negative control) were given hydrogel base without Kirinyu leaf ethanol extract in combination with collagen, group 2 (positive control) were given Octenilin®gel, groups 3 and 4, were given hydrogel of Kirinyu leaf ethanol extract while groups 5 and 6 were given hydrogel extract of kirinyu leaves combined with collagen.
Result: The results of percent reduction in wound diameter showed that groups 3 and 4 gave significant differences compared to group 1 which began to be seen on the 10th day (p <0.05). While groups 5 and 6 gave significant differences that began to be seen on the 8th day (p <0.05).
Conclusion:Hydrogel preparation in group 6 has the most potential in healing excision wounds.
Cephalofacial characteristics of the Akan people in the Assin Districts in Central Region of Ghana: Anthropometric Studies
Authors: Kyei Gordon , Moshkdanian Ghazaleh , Pasbakhsh Parichehr , Abolhasani Farid , Rastegar Tayebeh , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Cephalic and facial indices are very important in the classification and identification of populations. The present study aims at determining the cephalic and facial indices among the Akan ethnic group living the Assin Districts in the Central Region of Ghana.
Methods: A total of 100 (50 males and 50 females) Akan volunteer adults between the age of 20 and 58 years were recruited for the study. Cephalic Length (CL), Cephalic Width (CW), Facial Width (FW) and Total Facial Height (TFH) were measured using a Spreading caliper. Cephalic Index (CI) [(CW/CL) Ã— 100] and Facial Index (FI) or Prosopic Index (PI) [(TFH/FW) Ã—100] as well statistical analysis such as z-test and Pearson Correlation were performed. The p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Our results are comparable with other authors with mean (for both male and females) CI and FI of 78.6Â± 4.66 and 96.51 Â± 12.55, respectively. There was a correlation between CW and FW as well as some other cephlaofacial parameters. There was no sexual dimorphism of both CI and FI. The predominant head type among the study populations was mesocephalic and brachycephalic while Hyperleptoprosopic was the face type.
Conclusion: This study provides baseline data for the Akan people of The Assin Districts of the Central Region of Ghana, which will be valuable in cephalometric anthropometry and in forensic science.
Effect of Sarcopenia on Postoperative Complications after Curative Pancreatectomy for Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mercan Ã¼mit , ErÅŸen OgÃ¼n , Ãœnal Ali Ekrem 
Published: April 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of sarcopenia on the development of serious postoperative complications in patients who underwent curative pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer.
Methods: Total psoas index (TPI) was calculated for sarcopenia diagnosis by measures of psoas muscle area on the level of L3 spine from preoperative staging computerised tomograhpy (CT) images in pancreatic cancer patients undergoing curative resection. Patient demographics and postoperative outcomes were analised in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic group.
Results: It has been found to be statistically significant relation between severe postoperative complication and sarcopenia (p=0,001>). Sarcopenia was more associated with cardiac and pulmoner complications among others (p=0.007, p=0.003 respectively). In multivariate analysis, age (OR: 1,08. %95 CI: 1,01~1,15, p=0,013), ASA score (OR: 2,84. 95% CI 1,62 ~ 4,97. p= 0,043) and TPI (OR: 3,61. 95% CI: 1,58 ~ 5,74. p= 0,001>) has been found independent risk factors for severe postoperative complications.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that sarcopenia determined by using TPI, which can be easily obtained by examining the preoperative CT imaging, is an independent risk factor of severe postoperative complications. Determining the degree of sarcopenia can affect patient selection, predictability of possible serious complications, elective operation preparation process with a combination of nutrition and exercise therapy in a particular patient group and decisions regarding adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy.
LECTURER’S FEEDBACK AND ITS IMPACT ON STUDENT LEARNING: A STUDY OF A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA
Authors: Singh Kuldip 
Published: April 2020

Feedback is an essential part of effective learning. It helps students understand the subject being studied and gives them clear guidance on how to improve their learning. Feedback is one of the most powerful influences on learning and achievement, but this impact can be either positive or negative. Providing students with meaningful feedback can greatly enhance their learning and achievement. Lecturer’s feedback plays an integral part in enhancing student learning in higher education. While effective feedback has frequently been identified as a key strategy in learning and teaching, little known research has focused on students’ perceptions of feedback and the contribution feedback makes to students’ learning. This study examined the impact of lecturer feedback on student learning. This study involved both Degree and diploma students studying in various fields in a local university in Sarawak. The sample size used for the study was 370 students. Lecturer feedback was measured using a scale developed by Susan Brookhart (2008). The results of the study show a significant and positive relationship between lecturer feedback and student learning. Another finding of the study is that motivational feedback is the main determinant of student learning followed by mode of feedback. This study also highlights how feedback can enhance student learning in higher education. Limitations and recommendations are discussed.
IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF MUET STUDENTS IN REPORT-WRITING: FROM EXPERIMENT TO ACTIONS
Authors: Voon Boo Ho , Teo Ai Kiat , Voon Joyce E.C. 
Published: April 2020

Students always need sincere and kind guidance from the teachers. Hence, a true customer orientation is instrumental in teaching English as it is always good to understand the students’ needs to improve their performance. This paper addresses the requirement to understand the students’ needs and then teach accordingly to improve the quality of MUET report-writing. A class-room based experiment was done on 40 students in a government school. The students were briefed on the requirements for report writing in MUET. There were experimental and control groups in this study. This research found that the format-driven teaching (FBT) had significantly improved the writing performance of the MUET students. The results indicated that the overall mean score of the students before the FBT teaching stood at 18.50 (out of maximum 40.00), but the score significantly increased to 23.95 after the students were briefed and taught based on the format and requirements of the report-writing. The quality of their writings was much better than before. This research suggested the need of putting the interests of the students first in teaching. The students might have different needs such as not knowing the expectations of the examiners or teachers. Implications and direction for future research were also discussed.
A Study on the Use of Humour in Motivating Students to Learn English
Authors: Salmee Sufi Amin , Mohd Arif Marina 
Published: April 2020

Throughout the years, a lot of research has been looking at the significance of effective atmosphere in second language classrooms. We often overlook the fact that humour is a vital element in attaining a supportive learning environment that can benefit students. There is limited research conducted on the effectiveness of the use of humour in ESL classroom, especially in the context of motivating the students to learn, in which the students are used as the indicator and method in gaining insights as they are the ones who experienced the learning process. Thus, this study was conducted to look at students’ views towards the effects of humour on their intrinsic motivation to learn English. A survey was conducted using questionnaires adapted from Deci & Ryan’s (2003) Intrinsic Motivation Inventory Test (IMI) on 70 students of various programmes from the Faculty of Education, UiTM. The acquired data were then compared based on each of the programmes in the Faculty of Education, UiTM. The findings from this study revealed that majority of the respondents strongly agree that humour has positive effects on students’ intrinsic motivation in learning English. The positive responses received from the respondents indicate that humour is indeed an effective teaching tool in promoting intrinsic motivation in learning the second language.
KEYWORDS: ESL learners, Humour, Learning English, Motivation
SOCIO-CULTURAL INTERPRETATION OF PERSON’S PSYCHOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
Authors: HAKOBYAN Naira , KHACHATRYAN Anna 
Published: April 2020

A person lives and works in society. Out of the socio-cultural environment, it is impossible to imagine any aspect of a person's life. In many cases, the characteristics of the social environment expressed in the appropriate cultural forms depend on the means and interaction of the person's psychological resources.
A person uses different resources at different stages of life. A good share of these resources in the majority of cases are not appreciated and perceived as ordinary means of life. In some cases these resources cannot be reached because of conflict with negative psychological phenomena, whether it is a traumatic or negative past experience or an irrational thinking. This is why the appropriate trainings for reducing the impact of these negative phenomena and providing stress-resistance are of much importance. On the other hand, the knowledge and skills gained during the trainings can be useful and applicable in process of overcoming possible conflicts and coping with potential emergencies. Due to psychological resources, helping to adapt to stress, and formating of positive socio-cultural environment it is easier to get out of the stressful situation.
Comparison of speed of onset and analgesic effect of 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride deposited within or outside the neurovascular bundle at the level of the proximal sesamoid bones in horses with naturally occurring forefoot-related lameness
Authors: Schumacher John , Cole Robert C. , DeGraves Fred J. , Cofield Lawrence G. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the speed of onset and analgesic effect of mepivacaine deposited within or immediately outside the neurovascular bundle at the base of the proximal sesamoid bones in horses.

ANIMALS
6 horses with naturally occurring forefoot-related lameness.

PROCEDURES
In a crossover study design, horses were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 treatments first, with the second treatment administered 3 to 7 days later. Trotting gait was analyzed with an inertial sensor–based motion analysis system immediately before treatment to determine degree of lameness. Afterward, ultrasound guidance was used to inject 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride around the palmar digital nerves of the affected forelimb at the level of the base of the proximal sesamoid bones either within the subcircumneural space or outside the circumneural sheath. After injection, gait was reevaluated at 5-minute intervals for 45 minutes.

RESULTS
Mepivacaine deposition outside the circumneural sheath did not resolve lameness in any horse; for 3 horses, the mean time to 70% reduction of initial vertical head movement was 13.3 minutes, and the remaining 3 horses had no such reduction at any point. Mepivacaine deposition within the subcircumneural space resulted in a mean time to 70% reduction of initial vertical head movement of 6.7 minutes and mean time to resolution of lameness of 21.7 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that when peripheral nerves of horses lie within a sheath, local anesthetic solution should be deposited within the sheath for an effective nerve block. If local anesthetic solution is deposited outside the sheath, the nerve block may yield erroneous results.
Comparative Shear Tests of Bolt Rods Under Static and Dynamic Loading
Authors: Pytlik Andrzej 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article presents the methodology and results of single shear tests of bolt rods under dynamic impact loading generated by means of a drop hammer. Comparative analysis was also performed for bolt rod load capacity, stress and shear work under static and dynamic (impact) loading. The developed method of single shear testing of bolt rods under impact loading makes it possible to obtain repeatable test results concerning maximum bolt rod shearing force, shear stress and shear work values.
Comparative shear tests of four types of bolt rods under static and impact loading showed that the APB-type bolt rods made of AP770 steel, which was characterised by having the highest strength, exhibited the greatest shear work. AM22-type bolt rods exhibited a very similar work value. Though the AM22-type bolt rods made of A500sh steel demonstrated lower strength than the APB-type bolts, as well as a smaller diameter and cross section, they dissipated the impact energy better thanks to their higher plasticity. This could indicate the direction of optimisation for bolt rods in order to increase their impact strength.
Mathematical relationships were also formulated for selected tests, describing the real single shear courses F d =f(t) of bolts under impact loading. The obtained relationships could be applied in the load assessment process of bolt rods intended for use under roof caving, tremor and rock burst conditions.