bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-Individual and Intra-Individual Relationships Between Neuroticism and Cognition: A Coordinated Analysis
Authors: Yoneda Tomiko , Rush Jonathan , Terrera Graciela Muniz , Kok Almar , Johansson Boo , Hofer Scott , Mroczek Daniel , Piccinin Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Existing literature indicates a relatively consistent relationship between neuroticism and cognitive functioning (CF). Interindividually, high levels of neuroticism may predispose individuals to cognitive aging and dementia-related neuropathology. Intraindividually, increases in neuroticism may be intrinsic to the aging process or to dementia pathology. These hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, though the relationships are rarely examined using the same individuals, which may contribute to publication bias and confusion regarding the hypotheses as mutually exclusive. Data were drawn from the Origins of Variance in the Oldest-Old (Sweden, Mage=83.6, 67% female), Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (Sweden, Mage=60.4, 59% female), and Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (Netherlands; Mage=68.1, 52% female). Controlling for age, sex, education, and depressive symptoms, parallel process latent growth models were fit independently in each sample (NT=3293) to simultaneously estimate growth parameters of neuroticism with three measures of CF (processing speed, learning/memory, and reasoning). Multilevel meta-analysis estimated the pooled covariation between neuroticism and CF at baseline and overtime, revealing a significantly negative intercept-intercept relationship across datasets (covariance= -0.46, 95% CIs [-0.90,-0.02], z=-2.02, p=0.04, τ2=0.06). The slope-slope covariances were consistently negative, but the meta-analytic pooled estimate was not significant despite some significant individual estimates across studies. Overall, results provide some evidence for intraindividual and interindividual relationships between neuroticism and CF, such that higher neuroticism is associated with lower CF, and neuroticism tends to increase as CF decreases. Identification of the early indicators and risk factors for cognitive decline may facilitate development of screening assessments and aid in treatment strategies for dementia care services.
Presence and Levels of Resilience and Its Sociodemographic Correlates in Older Chinese Americans
Authors: Zheng Jieyang , Kong Dexia , Li Mengting , Dong XinQi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Resilience is defined as a personal quality that enables growth in knowledge, understanding and self-actualization in the face of adversity and life disruptions. Low levels of resilience can dispose older adults to higher risks for negative health outcomes in the aftermath of traumatic events. However, we have limited knowledge of resilience among minority aging populations. This study aims to examine the presence and levels of resilience and its sociodemographic correlates among U.S. Chinese older adults. Data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly, an epidemiology study of U.S. Chinese older adults in the Greater Chicago area. Guided by a community-based participatory research approach, a total of 3,036 Chinese older adults aged 60 and above participated in face-to-face interviews from 2015 to 2017. Spearman’s rank-order coefficient was utilized to test correlation. A 10-item validated Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale was used to assess resilience. In our sample, 59.7% were female, and the average age was 75. The mean resilience score was 26.9, ranging from 1 to 40. U.S. Chinese older adults who were younger, male, married, had higher education and income, fewer children, better health status and quality of life, and improved health and have lived fewer years in the U.S. reported higher levels of resilience. Future longitudinal research is needed to investigate the protective effects of resilience among older Chinese Americans against mental and physical distress.
Physical Activity and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage Among Low-Income African Americans
Authors: McCain Dextiny , Morgan Adrienne Aiken , Phillips Karon , Whitfield Keith 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research shows regular physical activity (PA) is associated with better health and longevity; however, few studies consider contextual factors related to PA among African American (AA) older adults living in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. The Physical and Cognitive Health Pilot Study (n=50) was used to examine associations between PA and level of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage among sedentary, AA older adults from four public housing communities in Durham, NC and Annapolis, MD (mean age=64.5; SD=10.42; 72% women). Participants were administered the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS), a self-report questionnaire measuring weekly frequency and duration of PAs. Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was defined by the Neighborhood Atlas Area Deprivation Index (ADI), which ranks neighborhoods according to Census block group/neighborhoods within each state and nationally. For the present sample, two of the Durham housing facilities were located in communities in the most disadvantaged block groups. Meanwhile, one Durham location and the Annapolis community were located in the least disadvantaged block groups. Bivariate correlations showed greater neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with less participation in various PAs (p&lt;.05). Next, ANOVA revealed the Annapolis group participated in statistically significantly more PAs, including visiting the senior center, church attendance, and light gardening (p&lt;.05) compared to the most disadvantaged groups. The present findings suggest there are benefits to living in advantaged contexts despite lower-income status. These findings also suggest barriers within disadvantaged neighborhoods that limit access to recreational activities favorable to health status. Future research should address ways to overcome such barriers.
Stress Is a Risk Factor for Shingles Among Older Adults
Authors: Kang Hyewon , Crimmins Eileen , Ailshire Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Stress is a risk factor for shingles. Empirical evidence of how stress affects getting shingles is lacking for the older population. This paper examines how chronic stress and stressful events are associated with incident shingles in a nationally representative sample of the population over age 50, the Health and Retirement Study. Using data for 2010-2016, we tracked 12,628 persons aged 50 and older with no history of shingles at 2010 until the first shingles occurrence and linked shingles to chronic stress appraisal and stressful events in the prior period. Chronic stress appraisal was measured in eight life domains: health, spousal/children, finance, work, residence, relationship, alcohol/drug, and caregiving. Adverse life events including spousal loss, involuntary job loss, residential move, negative wealth shock, and spousal onset of disability were included in an index of stressful events. 3.3% of sample members developed new shingles cases. Regression results suggest that having a higher burden of stressful events significantly increased the risk for shingles (OR:1.13, 95% CI=1.05, 1.22), whereas ongoing chronic appraisal was not associated with shingles onset (OR:0.99, 95% CI=0.96, 1.03). Our findings highlight the importance of preventive efforts on stress management in reducing risks for zoster.
The Effects of Severe and Frequent Back Pain on Mental Health: Does Perceived Socioeconomic Status Matter?
Authors: Mu Christina , Jester Dylan , Cawthon Peggy , Stone Katie , Lee Soomi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Back pain and mental health are related. The relationship may differ by socioeconomic status (SES); yet, research has not examined the moderating role of perceived SES. We examined if the association between back pain and poor mental health is more pronounced for older men with lower perceived SES. We used a sample of community-dwelling older men (&gt;65yrs) with back pain from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (n=4,035). Participants reported their perceived SES in comparison to others in the community and in the nation (1=lowest—10=highest), back pain severity (mild—severe), and frequency (rarely—all of the time). Mental health was assessed with the 12-item Short Form Health Survey. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and health covariates. Greater pain severity and higher pain frequency were associated with poorer mental health (p&lt;.001). Only severe pain was associated with poorer mental health (p&lt;.001). Pain ‘some of the time’ (p=.02), ‘most of the time’ (p=.02), and ‘all of the time’ (p=.001) were associated with poorer mental health. Adverse effects of pain were reduced with greater community SES (p&lt;.001 for severe pain; p=.02 for ‘all of the time’ pain frequency) and greater national SES (p=.01 for severe pain; frequency n.s.). Reports of pain were worse for individuals with lower SES. Adverse associations of severe and high frequency back pain with poor mental health are more apparent in older men with lower perceived SES. Where one ranks oneself within their community or nation can influence the pain and mental health link.
The Impact of Conscientiousness on Participant Drop-Out: A Novel Method for Estimating Missingness
Authors: Yoneda Tomiko , Lewis Nathan , Rush Jonathan , Piccinin Andrea , James Bryan , Hofer Scott , Terrera Graciela Muniz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Individuals low in conscientiousness are typically characterized by higher rates of dropout in longitudinal studies compared to individuals high in conscientiousness. Given that low conscientiousness is associated with increased risk of mortality and several adverse health behaviours and outcomes, attrition of individuals low in conscientiousness may result in systematic bias particularly relevant to developmental research focused on morbidity and mortality in older adulthood. Further, methods commonly used to estimate missing data require monotone coding patterns and untestable assumptions (e.g., MAR), and do not typically account for death as a competing risk factor. This project analyzed data drawn from the Memory and Aging Project (N=1156; Mage=79.2 years; 76.1% female) using multistate survival models to estimate the impact of conscientiousness on transitions between study wave participation over time (i.e., response, non-response), and death. With conscientiousness measured at baseline and death status determined by death records, complete state data are available for each study wave, unlike methods commonly used to model and estimate missingness. Adjusting for age, sex, and education, analyses revealed that higher levels of conscientiousness are associated with decreased likelihood of transitioning to non-response (HR= 0.97, CI’s 0.95, 0.99) and death (HR=0.96, CI’s 0.93, 0.99). These results suggest that over-sampling individuals low in conscientiousness during study recruitment may be important to better represent the general population, particularly when data are collected over several years or decades. Discussion will focus on how systematic bias introduced by higher response rates of individuals high in conscientiousness may impact health-related research based on longitudinal data.
Physical Activity, Outcome Expectations, and Social Support in Dyads of Frail Older Adults and Their Home Care Aides
Authors: Yin Lijuan , Muramatsu Naoko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Frail community-dwelling older adults increasingly receive home care and continue to face barriers to participating in physical activity (PA) that could help maintain their function. Home care aides (HCAs) are well-positioned to promoting PA among older home care recipients because of their established relationship and regular interpersonal exchanges; yet, the role of HCAs in promoting and supporting PA in home care settings is seldomly studied. Using the quantitative and qualitative data from a 4-month home-based gentle PA intervention delivered by HCAs to their clients in a Medicaid-funded home care setting, the current study examined whether outcome expectations for exercise (OEE) held by HCAs led to client PA outcomes (i.e. functional limitations and physical performance) through social support for exercise (SSE) provided by HCAs. Longitudinal mediation analysis of 46 HCA-client dyads showed that higher baseline OEE held by HCAs were related to greater SSE reported by clients after the intervention (p&lt;.05; bootstrapped standard errors), controlling for client-level covariates, including baseline OEE, age, gender, comorbidity, and whether HCA was client’s family member. Unexpectedly, SSE did not have significant association with client PA outcomes nor mediated the relationship between OEE held by HCAs and client PA outcomes. Qualitative data suggested alternative factors may explain the results, such as clients’ family beliefs in the intervention and clients’ participation experiences (such as expectation fulfillment). Future research should consider older home care clients’ family contexts to enhance our understanding of HCAs’ roles in preserving the function of growing numbers of older home care recipients.
Social Contact and Wellness Outcomes for Older Adults in Different Residential Settings
Authors: Bihary Joseph , Smith Jennifer , O’Connor Dugan , Basic Ajla , Sayer Janis , O’Brien Cate 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
More frequent social contact with others has been shown to be associated with positive well-being outcomes for older adults, who may be at increased risk of loneliness or isolation. The current study investigates whether the potential benefits of social contact might vary by social contact medium and by residence type (senior living (SL) settings vs. the broader community). 5,148 older adults residing in SL communities completed surveys on health and well-being. Data were combined with responses from 1,000 demographically similar older adults residing outside SL settings who participated in a similar study. Participants in both studies reported their frequency of social contact with friends (4 types: in-person meet-ups, speaking by phone, writing or emailing, and communicating via social media), subjective overall health, and life satisfaction. Results of multilevel regression analyses revealed that more frequent in-person social contact with friends was associated with more positive ratings of overall health only for participants in non-SL settings, but not those in SL. More frequent in-person social contact was also associated with higher life satisfaction, and this effect was stronger for non-SL participants. More frequent contact by phone and written letters/emails was associated with better ratings of overall health, regardless of residence type. In contrast, more frequent social media use was associated with lower ratings of overall health. Analyses controlled for age, gender, education, marital status, income, chronic health conditions, and depressive symptoms. The observed patterns of results speak to the possible protective benefits of social engagement for older adults in different residence settings.
The Relationship Between Social Support, Aging Expectations, and Health Behavior in Middle Age
Authors: Yeom Hyun-E , Jung Misook , Park Eunyoung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Midlife is a critical period when individuals need to actively engage in healthy behaviors for healthy aging. Although both social relations and attitudes toward aging are factors related to health behavior, little is known about their relationships based on age-related differences. The purposes of this study were to investigate the influence of social support affecting health behavior through expectations regarding aging and to examine how age affects the relationship. A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from 245 midlife Koreans (mean age= 51.5) collected by a self-administered survey. Data were analyzed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Social support was significantly related to expectations regarding aging (r= -.135, p=.034) and health behavior (r= .223, p&lt;.000). There was age-related difference in the relationship between social support and expectations regarding aging (β= .007, p=.038), indicating that the relationship was much stronger in the younger group. In addition, the influence of social support on health behavior through expectations regarding aging was significant in relatively young middle-aged individuals. Our findings emphasize the importance of supportive social relationships, which could affect expectations regarding aging linked to health behavior, especially for young middle-aged individuals. It is necessary to develop psycho-cognitive programs to activate social interaction and to improve positive attitudes toward aging for more active engagement in health behaviors in midlife individuals.
A Systematic Review of In-Home Smart Technology Adoption to Improve Older Adult Health and Family Caregiving
Authors: Park Geunhye , Robinson Erin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In-home and internet-based smart technologies to improve older adult health has been rapidly developing. Technologies such as in-home sensors and smart homes enable older adults to live independently and age in place. These technologies also assist informal caregivers in their roles, thus reducing caregiver burden. However, technology adoption among older adults and family caregivers has been relatively low and reasons for technology acceptance are complex. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature, examining acceptance and adoption of in-home, internet-based smart technologies that are designed to improve health outcomes of older adults and can assist family caregivers in providing supports. This study utilized the Rew method (2011) and included peer-reviewed research articles published between 1991 and 2019 and available in: ISI Web of Science; PubMed; Scopus; CINAHL; and PsycInfo. A total of 1,227 relevant articles were identified with the search strings used and a final sample of 48 articles were included after the title, abstract, and full article review processes. Findings highlight several facilitators and barriers to technology adoption. Some facilitators to adoption include: technology familiarity, safety/security, personally tailored, non-obtrusive design, easy access, and reduction of caregiver burden. A few barriers include: cost, difficulty to use, time, stigma, privacy, data accuracy, and confidence. Additional findings will also be presented. A more thorough understanding of these facilitators and barriers to acceptance/adoption is crucial for the successful dissemination of in-home, internet-based smart technologies. Increased adoption can improve older adult health and reduce caregiver burden.
Physical Inactivity in Older Adult Couples: A Dyadic Analysis Using Continuous In-Home Monitoring
Authors: Wu Chao-Yi , Miller Lyndsey , Wall Rachel , Beattie Zachary , Kaye Jeffrey , Silbert Lisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many older adults remain inactive despite the known positive health implications of physical activity (e.g. improved mood, reduced mortality risk). Physical inactivity is a known interdependent phenomenon in couples, but the majority of research identifies determinants of physical inactivity at the individual level. We estimated the average amount of physical inactivity for older adult couples and, using dyadic analysis, identified physical and mental health determinants thereof. Forty-eight heterosexual older adult couples (mean age=70.6, SD=6.63) from the Veterans Integrated Service Network 20 cohort of the Collaborative Aging Research using Technology (CART) initiative were included in this study. Both dyad members wore actigraph devices for a month. The average number per day of inactive periods (defined as no movement or sleep activity for ≥ 30 minutes) was estimated. Multilevel modeling revealed that, within couples, there was no difference between partners in the average number of inactive periods, but on average across couples, males had more inactive periods per day (13.4, SD=4.43) than females (12.3, SD=4.87). For males, older age was the only variable associated with more inactive periods (β=0.13, p=.013). For females, more depressive symptoms in men were associated with fewer inactive periods (β=-0.37, p=.002), and more dependence in completing their own IADLs predicted more inactive periods (β=2.80, p&lt;.001). All models were adjusted for covariates. Viewing couples’ activity as a unit, rather than as separate individuals, provides a novel approach to identifying pathways to reduce inactivity in older adults, especially when focusing on mental health issues and decreased independence within the couple.
Global Sensory Impairment Independently Predicts Decreased Social Function Over Time
Authors: Huang Anna , Wroblewski Kristen , Kotwal Ashwin , Waite Linda , McClintock Martha , Pinto Jayant 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The classical senses (vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) play a key role in social function by allowing interaction and communication. We assessed whether sensory impairment across all 5 modalities (global sensory impairment [GSI]) was associated with social function in older adults. Sensory function was measured in 3,005 home-dwelling older U.S. adults at baseline in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project and GSI, a validated measure, was calculated. Social network size and kin composition, number of close friends, and social engagement were assessed at baseline and 5- and 10-year follow-up. Ordinal logistic regression and mixed effects ordinal logistic regression analyzed cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships respectively, controlling for demographics, physical/mental health, disability, and cognitive function (at baseline). Adults with worse GSI had smaller networks (β=-0.159, p=0.021), fewer close friends (β=-0.262, p=0.003) and lower engagement (β=-0.252, p=0.006) at baseline, relationships that persisted at 5 and 10 year follow-up. Men, older people, African-Americans, and those with less education, fewer assets, poor mental health, worse cognitive function, and more disability had worse GSI. Men and those with fewer assets, worse cognitive function, and less education had smaller networks and lower engagement. African-American and Hispanic individuals had smaller networks and fewer close friends, but more engagement. Older respondents also had more engagement. In summary, GSI independently predicts smaller social networks, fewer close friends, and lower social engagement over time, suggesting that sensory decline results in decreased social function. Thus, rehabilitating multisensory impairment may be a strategy to enhance social function as people age.