bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periostin antisense oligonucleotide prevents hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in a mouse model of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Kobayashi Tomoki , Kanno Keishi , Nguyen Phuong Thao , Sugiyama Akiko , Kawahara Akihiro , Otani Yuichiro , Kishikawa Nobusuke , Ito Masanori , Tazuma Susumu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocellular injury with varying degrees of fibrosis. There are currently no established treatment approaches for NASH other than lifestyle interventions. Periostin, a matricellular protein required for tissue remodeling and fibrosis, plays an important role in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and could be a potential target for NASH treatment. Advances in molecular biology and biochemical engineering have led to the development of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that can inhibit target genes with no significant toxic effects. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effects of periostin‐targeting ASO (PNASO) in NASH.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were fed a choline‐deficient, l‐amino acid‐defined, high‐fat diet (CDAHFD) to induce NASH with or without intraperitoneal injection of mouse PNASO. To explore the role of periostin in hepatocellular steatosis, Hc3716 cells, an immortalized human hepatocyte line, were treated with recombinant periostin in vitro.ResultsThe induced periostin expression in the liver of CDAHFD‐fed mice was significantly suppressed by PNASO. The deletion of hepatic periostin by PNASO significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis while restoring the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐alpha (PPAR‐α) and its target genes. PNASO also inhibited hepatic fibrosis, reflected by the reduction of alpha‐smooth muscle actin, collagen type I, and other fibrotic markers. In vitro experiments demonstrated that treatment with recombinant periostin increased cellular lipid accumulation in Hc3716 cells accompanied with the downregulation of PPAR‐α.ConclusionsPeriostin‐targeting ASO is a potential therapeutic approach for the efficient treatment of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in NASH.
Trends in Parental Values in a Period of U.S. Labor Market Change
Authors: Ryan Rebecca M. , Kalil Ariel , Hines Caitlin , Ziol‐Guest Kathleen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis article examines changes from 1986 to 2016 in the characteristics that parents in the United States most value in their children and differences in those values by parent income and education.BackgroundAs a result of interrelated labor market changes, income‐ and education‐based differences in parents' terminal values that have characterized U.S. families for generations are hypothesized to have converged by income and education during this period.MethodData were drawn from the General Social Surveys (https://gss.norc.org/) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (https://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/), together spanning the period 1986–2016. The percentage of parents endorsing each child trait as “most important” were compared over time across the 90th, 50th, and 10th percentiles of the income and education distributions.ResultsThe characteristic parents most value in children across time was the ability to “think for themselves”; however, parents have placed increasing value on children's willingness to “work hard” and “help others.” Parents with lower incomes and less education, compared with economically advantaged parents, became less likely to value children's obedience, whereas economically advantaged parents became less likely to value children's thinking for themselves.ConclusionConsequently, the income‐ and education‐based gaps in the value of obedience and thinking for oneself have narrowed. As such, parents at the top and bottom of the socioeconomic distribution hold more similar parental values today than ever before.
Detection of congestive heart failure by Doppler echocardiography in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rohrbaugh Michelle N. , Schober Karsten E. , Rhinehart Jaylyn D. , Bonagura John D. , Habing Amy , Yildiz Vedat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeft‐sided congestive heart failure (CHF) is characterized by increased filling pressures and related Doppler echocardiographic (DE) filling patterns.HypothesisDoppler echocardiographic variables of left ventricular filling derived from transmitral flow, pulmonary vein flow, and tissue Doppler can be used to detect CHF in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).AnimalsForty‐seven client‐owned cats.MethodsProspective clinical cohort study. Cats underwent physical examination, thoracic radiography, analysis of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), and transthoracic echocardiography and were divided into 3 age‐matched groups: Group 1 (apparently healthy control), Group 2 (preclinical HCM), and Group 3 (HCM and CHF). Measured and calculated variables included respiratory rate, DE estimates, serum NT‐proBNP concentration, and radiographic CHF score. Groups were compared using ANOVA, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariate analyses were used to identify diagnostic cutoffs for the detection of CHF.ResultsFifteen cats were in Group 1, 17 in Group 2, and 15 in Group 3. The ROC analysis indicated that the ratio of peak velocity of early diastolic transmitral flow to peak velocity of late diastolic transmitral flow (area under the curve [AUC], 1.0; diagnostic cutoff, 1.77; P = .001), ratio of left atrial size to aortic annular dimension (AUC, 0.91; diagnostic cutoff, 1.96; P = .003), left atrial diameter (AUC, 0.89; cutoff, 18.5 mm; P = .004), diastolic functional class (AUC, 0.89; cutoff, class 2; P = .005), respiratory (AUC, 0.79; cutoff, 36 breaths per minute [brpm]; P = .02), and the ratio of the peak velocity of fused early and late transmitral flow velocities to the peak velocity of the fused early and late diastolic tissue Doppler waveforms (AUC, 0.74; cutoff, 15.1; P = .05) performed best for detecting CHF.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceVarious DE variables can be used to detect CHF in cats with HCM. Determination of the clinical benefit of such variables in initiating treatments and assessing treatment success needs further study.
Abundance, diversity and temporal activity of adult Culicoides spp. associated with cattle in West Bengal, India
Authors: Harsha R. , Mazumdar S. M. , Mazumdar A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRelative abundance, species composition and temporal activity of Culicoides midges were studied for a period of 2 years (2012–2014) using suction ultra violet light traps at two sites located in the agriculture heartland of West Bengal, India. Surveillance in close proximity to cattle recorded predominance of five species with C oxystoma and C. peregrinus as the most dominant species followed by C. fulvus, C. innoxius and C. anophelis. The temporal activity of midges was investigated for seven consecutive nights at one site in August‐September, 2012 and the predominant species was Culicoides oxystoma followed by Culicoides peregrinus. All of the species exhibited crepuscular activity with their flight activity increasing from dusk to dawn. Engorged adults constituted dominant age group in collections. Studies on population ecology of the adults midges are of considerable importance predicting for the epidemicity of midge‐borne diseases in cattle.
TDP43 proteinopathy is associated with aberrant DNA methylation in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Appleby‐Mallinder C. , Schaber E. , Kirby J. , Shaw P. J. , Cooper‐Knock J. , Heath P. R. , Highley J. R. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neurone (MN) degeneration and death. ALS can be sporadic (sALS) or familial, with a number of associated gene mutations, including C9orf72 (C9ALS). DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism whereby a methyl group is attached to a cytosine (5mC), resulting in gene expression repression. 5mC can be further oxidized to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). DNA methylation has been studied in other neurodegenerative diseases, but little work has been conducted in ALS.AimsTo assess differences in DNA methylation in individuals with ALS and the relationship between DNA methylation and TDP43 pathology.MethodsPost mortem tissue from controls, sALS cases and C9ALS cases were assessed by immunohistochemistry for 5mC and 5hmC in spinal cord, motor cortex and prefrontal cortex. LMNs were extracted from a subset of cases using laser capture microdissection. DNA from these underwent analysis using the MethylationEPIC array to determine which molecular processes were most affected.ResultsThere were higher levels of 5mC and 5hmC in sALS and C9ALS in the residual lower motor neurones (LMNs) of the spinal cord. Importantly, in LMNs with TDP43 pathology there was less nuclear 5mC and 5hmC compared to the majority of residual LMNs that lacked TDP43 pathology. Enrichment analysis of the array data suggested RNA metabolism was particularly affected.ConclusionsDNA methylation is a contributory factor in ALS LMN pathology. This is not so for glia or neocortical neurones.
Meaningful improvement thresholds in measures of pain and quality of life in oral lichen planus
Authors: Wiriyakijja Paswach , Porter Stephen , Fedele Stefano , Hodgson Tim , McMillan Roddy , Shephard Martina , Ni Riordain Richeal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the responsiveness of measures of pain and oral health‐related quality of life (OH‐QoL) in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and to determine thresholds for minimal important change (MIC) and minimal important difference (MID) for use in this patient population.MethodsData from baseline and 4‐month follow‐up including Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), 14‐item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14), 15‐item and 26‐item Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Questionnaire (COMDQ‐15; COMDQ‐26) were collected from 157 patients with OLP. Responsiveness was assessed by testing hypotheses and calculating the area under the curve. MIC and MID were established based on triangulation of distribution‐based and anchor‐based estimates.ResultsThe results supported adequate responsiveness of VAS, NRS, COMDQ‐15 and COMDQ‐26 for use in OLP, while the OHIP‐14 demonstrated relatively low sensitivity to detect improvement in the OLP status. Recommended meaningful improvement thresholds were as follows: VAS (MIC 16 mm; MID 18 mm), NRS (MIC/MID 2 points), OHIP‐14 (MIC/MID 5 points), COMDQ‐15 (MIC 5 points; MID 6 points) and COMDQ‐26 (MIC/MID 9 points).ConclusionThis study provides some evidence of responsiveness as well as establishing meaningful improvement thresholds in scores of pain and OH‐QoL measures in OLP.
Contact‐ versus noncontact‐guided ablation of the right ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias: A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Chen Xinguang , Sun Ling , Chen Qiushi , Kojodjojo Pipin , Chen Hongwu , Ju Weizhu , Zhu Wenwu , Zhu Yeqian , Zhao Pengcheng , Zhang Fengxiang , Chen Minglong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are unique advantages and disadvantages in the choice of contact mapping (CM) versus noncontact mapping (NCM) systems during ablation of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) arrhythmias. This study compared acute procedural success and clinical outcomes in matched patients undergoing CM‐ versus NCM‐guided RVOT ablation.MethodsA total of 167 consecutive patients with idiopathic RVOT ventricular arrhythmias underwent NCM‐ or CM‐guided ablation. Propensity scoring was used to match each patient undergoing NCM‐guided ablation to one control patient undergoing CM‐guided ablation.ResultsA total of 120 patients were included in this final analysis. If initial ablation was acutely unsuccessful in either group, patients crossed over to the other group. Ablation was acutely successful in 47 of 60 (78.3 %) patients in the NCM group and 55 of 60 (91.7%) in the CM group (P = .002). Thirteen NCM patients required CM and two CM patients crossed over to utilize NCM (P = .002). Procedural duration, fluoroscopy time, and dose in NCM were greater than that in CM (P < .05, respectively). However, procedural complications were not different between two groups. During a mean follow‐up of 51 ± 20.6 months, 51 of the 60 NCM patients remained free of arrhythmia, while 48 of the 60 CM patients had no recurrent arrhythmias (P = .47).ConclusionContact mapping, compared to NCM, is the superior initial technique to guide RVOT arrhythmia ablation due to a higher procedural success without the need to switch to alternative mapping techniques and shorter procedural and fluoroscopic times.
Illegal Content Monitoring on Social Platforms
Authors: Jain Tarun , Hazra Jishnu , Cheng T. C. Edwin 
Published: May 2020

Illegal content uploads on social platforms have grown rapidly in recent years. While previous research has studied various enforcement efforts to remove illegal content, we consider such enforcement efforts in the setting where the content is sold through a platform firm. Furthermore, we consider the situation in which along with the subscription‐based legal content on the platform, there is free illegal content that may generate revenues through advertisements for the platform. Specifically, we analyze three scenarios of illegal content monitoring: (i) only the content developer monitors, (ii) only the platform firm monitors, and (iii) both the content developer and platform firm monitor the illegal content. We find that, under certain conditions, it is beneficial for the platform firm to exert a higher monitoring effort than the content developer even though the former may gain advertisement revenues through the display of illegal content. In addition, while it is expected that the content developer’s profit is highest when only it exerts the monitoring effort, we observe that the scenario where both players exert monitoring efforts results in a win‐win situation. We also analyze the social welfare under all the three illegal content monitoring scenarios.
Consideration of the Aerosol Transmission for COVID‐19 and Public Health
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth L. , Turnham Paul , Griffin John R. , Clarke Chester C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes the available evidence to address airborne, aerosol transmission of the SARS‐CoV‐2. We review and present three lines of evidence: case reports of transmission for asymptomatic individuals in association with studies that show that normal breathing and talking produce predominantly small droplets of the size that are subject to aerosol transport; limited empirical data that have recorded aerosolized SARS‐CoV‐2 particles that remain suspended in the air for hours and are subject to transport over distances including outside of rooms and intrabuilding, and the broader literature that further supports the importance of aerosol transmission of infectious diseases. The weight of the available evidence warrants immediate attention to address the significance of aerosols and implications for public health protection.
COVID‐19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients—Where we are?
Authors: Machado David José de Barros , Ianhez Luiz Estevam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn late December 2019, China reported cases of respiratory illness in humans that involved a novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2. On March 20, 2020, the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Brazil was diagnosed, and by now, we present the report on the first case of COVID among transplant recipients in our country. A liver and kidney transplant patient with SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia without respiratory failure was treated in a clinical multimodal strategy consisting of symptomatic support therapy, immunosuppression reduction, use of anti‐coronavirus drugs and heparin leading to a progressive improvement of patient symptoms till discharge. The authors also present a comprehensive review of published cases.
Bacterial contamination and septic transfusion reaction rates associated with platelet components before and after introduction of primary culture: experience at a US Academic Medical Center 1991 through 2017
Authors: Kundrapu Sirisha , Srivastava Swati , Good Caryn E. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Maitta Robert W. , Jacobs Michael R. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDThe high incidence of septic transfusion reactions (STRs) led to testing being mandated by AABB from 2004. This was implemented by primary culture of single‐donor apheresis platelets (APs) from 2004 and prestorage pooled platelets (PSPPs) from 2007.STUDY DESIGN/METHODSPlatelet (PLT) aliquots were cultured at issue and transfusion reactions evaluated at our hospital. Bacterial contamination and STR rates (shown as rates per million transfusions in Results) were evaluated before and after introduction of primary culture by blood centers that used a microbial detection system (BacT/ALERT, bioMerieux) or enhanced bacterial detection system (eBDS, Haemonetics).RESULTSA total of 28,457 PLTs were cultured during pre–primary culture periods (44.7% APs; 55.3% at‐issue pooled PLTs [AIPPs]) and 97,595 during post–primary culture periods (79.3% APs; 20.7% PSPPs). Forty‐three contaminated units were identified in preculture and 34 in postculture periods (rates, 1511 vs. 348; p < 0.0001). Contamination rates of APs were significantly lower than AIPPs in the preculture (393 vs. 2415; p < 0.0001) but not postculture period compared to PSPPs (387 vs. 198; p = 0.9). STR rates (79 vs. 90; p = 0.98) were unchanged with APs but decreased considerably with pooled PLTs (826 vs. 50; p = 0.0006). Contamination (299 vs. 324; p = 0.84) and STR rates (25 vs. 116; p = 0.22) were similar for PLTs tested by BacT/ALERT and eBDS primary culture methods. A change in donor skin preparation method in 2012 was associated with decreased contamination and STR rates.CONCLUSIONPrimary culture significantly reduced bacterial contamination and STR associated with pooled but not AP PLTs. Measures such as secondary testing near time of use or pathogen reduction are needed to further reduce STRs.
Protective effect of dimethyl fumarate for the development of pressure ulcers after cutaneous ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Inoue Yuta , Uchiyama Akihiko , Sekiguchi Akiko , Yamazaki Sahori , Fujiwara Chisako , Yokoyama Yoko , Ogino Sachiko , Torii Ryoko , Hosoi Mari , Akai Ryoko , Iwawaki Takao , Ishikawa Osamu , Motegi Sei‐ichiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIschemia‐reperfusion (I/R) is associated with various pathogenic conditions, and there has been increasing evidence that cutaneous I/R injury is associated with the pathogenesis of pressure ulcers (PUs), especially at the early stage presenting as non‐blanchable erythema. Several studies demonstrated that oxidative stress is a key player in I/R injury, and the inhibition of oxidative stress may be capable of protecting tissue damage after I/R injury in various organs including skin. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) approved by the Food and Drug Administration is Nrf2 activator, and recent studies revealed the antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects of DMF on I/R injury in animal models. Our objective was to assess the effects of oral administration of DMF on the development of PUs after cutaneous I/R injury in mice. We found that DMF administration significantly decreased the size of PUs after cutaneous I/R. Cutaneous I/R‐induced oxidative stress was also significantly inhibited by DMF in OKD48 mice, in which oxidative stress can be visually assessed. In addition, DMF treatment decreased hypoxic area, the numbers of apoptotic cells, and vascular loss in I/R area. DMF treatment suppressed the infiltration of MPO+ neutrophils and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in I/R site after cutaneous I/R injury. in vitro experiments, DMF treatment suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species in pericyte‐like cells. These results suggest that DMF treatment might prevent the formation of PUs induced by cutaneous I/R injury via suppressing oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation. DMF treatment during the early phase of decubitus ulcers might protect against further progression.
Personal and household factors involved in recentRickettsiaexposure in a rural population from Yucatán, Mexico
Authors: Torres‐Castro Marco , Reyes‐Novelo Enrique , Noh‐Pech Henry , Tello‐Martín Raúl , Lugo‐Caballero César , Dzul‐Rosado Karla , Puerto‐Manzano Fernando , Rodríguez‐Vivas Roger Iván 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological factors associated with the risks of recentRickettsiaexposure in inhabitants of a rural population from Yucatán, Mexico. The study included 130 inhabitants from Maxcanú, Yucatán. Blood samples were collected to detect IgM and IgG antibodies againstRickettsia typhiandRickettsiarickettsiiby an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. Additionally, nested polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify fragments of the17kDaandsca5genes. Previously, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied focused on collecting information on personal and housing exposure variables related to the recent infection withRickettsiato determine epidemiological associations. Results that exhibited ap‐value < .25 were included in a generalized multinomial logistic linear model to determine the variables involved with the risk of contact orRickettsiainfection. In all, 76% (99/130) of the participants presented with immunoglobulin titres against theRickettsiaspecies evaluated, while rickettsial DNA was detected in 35.4% (46/130) of the participants. The association analysis with the personal exposure variables showed that the productive age group (OR = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.10–1.03) and the elders group (OR = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.01–0.83) were protective factors for recent infection withR. typhi, taking as reference the school group. The presence of a family orchard in the home (OR = 7.56; 95% CI = 1.62–35.29) was a risk factor for recent infection withR. rickettsii. Presumably, the presence of ectoparasites (OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 0.90–8.09) at home was a risk factor for recent infection with bothRickettsiaspecies. Recent infection was demonstrated in inhabitants from Maxcanú, Yucatán. A high seropositive frequency was obtained. The results highlight the importance of the family garden and the presence of ectoparasites in the home as risk factors associated with recent infection withRickettsiain inhabitants from Maxcanú.