bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Problems of Using Term «Fitness» in the Legislation of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kovalenko Ekaterina , Tydykova Nadezhda 
Published: January 2021

The article centers on the study of new concepts in the legislation of the Russian Federation on physical training and sports. The authors analyze the concept of «fitness center», whichhas appeared in the legislation quite recently. There have arisen doubts about the rationale for its use among the variety of many similar terms that are actuallyemployed, which creates difficulties in determining their correlation. It has been noted that the term «fitness» has no conventional meaning and is not traditional for Russian reality. Another option is proposed to regulate the operation of physical training and sports organizations, the purpose of which is to provide citizens with services of physical training and physical development. In the approach proposed by the authors, the text of the law should contain a general term to unify names of such organizations. Under this approach, the term «fitness center» is unnecessary. The authors have not found any reasons for introducing the term «fitness» into the text of the Russian law, although they do not exclude their appearance in the future. Many practical problems have been noted that arise due to the lack of high-quality legal regulation of the activities of organizations that provide citizens with physical training and physical developmentservices. The authors come to the conclusion that the main problem is not the name of such organizations, but the contents of the regulation of their activities. The necessity of legislative clarification of such terms as «crossfit», «aqua fitness», «fitness aerobics», «body fitness», «fitbox» and some others is analyzed. The authors note that their indtoduction intothe text of a normative legal act is possible in order to set the rules for a particular sport or instructions for coaches, orin other similar documents. Simple placing of terms and their definitions in the text of the law is perceived as inappropriate.
Types of Generalization Made by Pupils Aged 12–13 and by Their Future Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Slavíčková Mária 
Published: January 2021

This paper seeks to establish what kind of arguments pupils (aged 12–13) use and how they make their assumptions and generalizations. Our research also explored the same phenomenon in the case of graduate mathematics teachers studying for their masters’ degrees in our faculty at that time. The main focus was on algebraic reasoning, in particular pattern exploring and expressing regularities in numbers. In this paper, we introduce the necessary concepts and notations used in the study, briefly characterize the theoretical levels of cognitive development and terms from the Theory of Didactical Situations. We set out to answer three research questions. To collect the research data, we worked with a group of 32 pupils aged 12–13 and 19 university students (all prospective mathematics teachers in the first year of their master’s). We assigned them two flexible tasks to and asked them to explain their findings/formulas. Besides that, we collected additional (supportive) data using a short questionnaire. The supporting data concerned their opinions on the tasks and the explanations. The results and limited scope of the research indicated what should be changed in preparing future mathematics teachers. These changes could positively influence the pupils’ strategies of solving not only flexible tasks but also their ability to generalize.
Pengaruh Suku Bunga Kredit dan Risiko Kredit terhadap Return On Asset dengan Pendapatan Bunga sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Wahyudi Sely Megawati , Buga Nona Lice Pota 
Published: January 2021

This study was conducted to examine the effect of lending rates, net performance loans, interest income on return on asset (ROA). The population in this study is a finance company listed on the Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. The sample was determined by a porposive sampling method – 65 samples. The data used are secondary data obtained from the IDX gallery. The hypothesis in this study was tested using path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effects of the independent variables used on the dependent variable. The results of this study indicate that partially lending rates have a significant influence on interest income, while credit risk which is proxied by Net Performance Loan (NPL) has no significant effect on Interest Income. Credit Interest Rates do not have an effect on Return On Assets (ROA), while Credit Risk which is proxied by Net Performance Loan (NPL) has a significant negative effect on Return On Assets (ROA) and Interest Income has a significant positive effect on Return On Asset (ROA). The indirect relationship between lending rates and credit risk with Return On Assets (ROA) by using interest income as an intervening get significant results.
Variación de los precios de la naranja (Citrus sinensis L.) en México
Authors: García-Salazar José Alberto , Bautista-Mayorga Fidel , Borja-Bravo Mercedes , Guzmán-Soria Eugenio 
Published: January 2021

Introducción. Identificar los factores que pueden aumentar los precios al productor de naranja es importante por los efectos negativos que una caída en el ingreso puede tener sobre los productores agrícolas. Objetivo. Determinar cómo la demanda de la industria y la superficie sembrada de naranja afectan los precios al productor, al consumidor y al mayoreo. Materiales y métodos. Se formuló un modelo sintético del mercado de la naranja en México que consideró la producción en superficies de riego y temporal (ciclo de lluvia), la demanda en fresco e industrial,y diferentes niveles de transmisión de precios. El modelo replicó el valor promedio de las variables más importantes en el mercado de la naranja de los años 2014-2016. Resultados. Un aumento de 5 % en el consumo de la industria productora de jugo de naranja haría crecer los precios al productor en superficies de riego y bajo temporal en 11,1 y 35,8 %, respectivamente, y ubicaría los precios al mayoreo 31,7 % por encima de los precios observados en la situación base. Una disminución de 5 % en la superficie cosechada de naranja tendría un aumento de 15,2 y 49,1 % en el precio al productor en zonas de riego y temporal, con relación a la situación base. Conclusión. La superficie y la demanda industrial son medidas de control que pueden evitar la caída de los precios. Por la importancia que la producción de naranja tiene para los productores, el gobierno debería promover medidas para evitar que el aumento en la superficie de naranja provoque la disminución de los precios y lograr el compromiso de la industria de actuar a través de la demanda en situaciones de emergencia, es decir en los años de exceso de oferta de naranja.
The Association between Beliefs about Language Learning and Language Proficiency among Jordanian EFL Learners at Ajloun University College
Authors: Momani Muntaha Ali Mohammad Al , Al-oglah Roba Mahmoud Ali 
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to examine the association between beliefs about language learning and language proficiency among Jordanian EFL learners at Ajloun University College. The data were gathered by two modified versions of data collection tools; a questionnaire examining the beliefs about language learning (developed by Horwitz (2001)) and (2) a language proficiency test (developed by Shoeib (2004)). The data collection tools were applied to randomly recruit 100 (Fifty male and Fifty female) participants from the English language department at Ajloun University College. The Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to process the gathered data and responses. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to examine the association between the participants’ beliefs about language learning and their language proficiency. The results of the study indicated that there is a strong association between the students’ (males and females) specific beliefs (in both males and females) on learning English Language and the level of their language proficiency. Therefore, the results also revealed that female participants were more proficient in using the language compared to their male counterparts. The study ended up with a conclusion stating that other factors, in addition to the students; beliefs about language learning, such as students’ achievement, are affecting the level of language proficiency.
Investigation of uroprotective effects of seed methanol extracts of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. on cyclophosphamide-induced bladder hemorrhagic cystitis and nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats
Authors: ÇETİK YILDIZ Songül , KESKİN Cumali , ŞAHİNTÜRK Varol , AYHANCI Adnan 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the possible uroprotective effects of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra. (HT) seed methanol extracts (25,50,100 mg/kg, i.p., for 6 days) against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced (150 mg/kg, single dose, i.p.) acute bladder hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) and nephrotoxicity in rats.
Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats used in this study were divided into nine groups, each including seven rats. Group 1 (control) was treated with 0.5ml saline (SF) and Group 2 was treated with CYP (150 mg/kg). Groups 3, 4, 5 were treated with 25, 50, 100 mg/kg HT, respectively while groups 6, 7, 8 were treated with 25, 50, 100 mg/kg CYP + HT, respectively. Finally, Group 9 (control-2) was treated with 0.5ml-%0.2 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured in blood serum.
Results: The CYP-treated rats histopathologically had mild-moderate bladder and renal injuries. The serum creatinine and BUN levels, which are the biochemical markers of renal injury, significantly increased compared to the control group.
Conclusion: HT showed a protective effect on CYP-related bladder HC and nephrotoxicity in rats by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.
Protective effects of phloretin and phloridzin on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in mice: characterization of potential molecular mechanisms
Authors: ÜN Harun , UGAN Rüstem Anıl 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: We aimed to examine the potential protective effects of phloretin and phloridzin in indomethacin induced ulcer model in mice.
Materials and Methods: In total 54 female Balb/C mice were separated into nine groups. Famotidine was used as standard antiulcer agent. The phloretin and phloridzin was given at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg as a pre-treatment. After experimental procedures stomach tissue oxidative parameters (SOD, GSH and MDA), inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and COX1 and COX2 mRNA expressions were analyzed. In addition, to clarify antiulcer effect mechanism of phloretin and phloridzin, numerical densities of ulcerative areas were analyzed.
Results: Phloretin and phloridzin inhibited indomethacin-induced ulcer formation in dose dependent manner. Tissue inflammation and oxidative stress were increased after the indomethacin administration. Phloretin and phloridzin treatment normalized all parameters compared to indomethacin treated group. After the treatments, SOD activities and GSH levels were increased while MDA levels were decreased. Phloretin and phloridzin treatments decreased TNF-α, COX1 and COX2 mRNA expressions.
Conclusion: Our results showed that phloretin and phloridzin may be an alternative treatment for peptic ulcer disease due to their potential regulatory effects against oxidative stress and inflammation.
Effect of delayed cord clamping on short term clinical and laboratory findings in term and late preterm infants
Authors: SATAR Mehmet , BAHAR Nilgün , ŞİMŞEK Hüseyin , YAPICIOĞLU Hacer , ÖZLÜ Ferda , BÜYÜKKURT Selim 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Delaying the cord clamping for at least 30 seconds in infants who did not require cardiopulmonary resuscitation after birth has been recommended in the revised guidelines of American Academy of Pediatrics in 2015.	We aimed to evaluate the effect of delayed cord clamping on hematological and biochemical parameters, need for hospitalization, oxygen, mechanical ventilation, phototherapy, and on sepsis, hyperbilirubinemia rate in late preterm and term infants.
Material and Methods: This prospective study included 86 infants with a gestational age of 34 to 41 weeks. Infants were randomly included in one of two groups. While cords of 43 infants were clamped immediately after birth, cords of the other 43 infants were clamped after one minute. Hematological and biochemical values were evaluated both in cord blood and venous blood samples on 7th day of life.
Results: Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were similar in two groups both in cord blood and on 7th day of life. Delayed cord clamping resulted in statistically significant decrease in the leukocyte and platelet coun and creatinine levels in the cord blood. Mechanical ventilation requirement was significantly lower in the delayed cord clamping group. Hospitalization rate, sepsis rate and hyperbilirubinemia rate were similar in both groups.
Conclusion: Delayed cord clamping caused lower leucocyte, platelet counts and lower creatinine levels in cord blood. There seems a beneficial effect on respiratory status in late preterm and term infants.
Tüberküloz hastalarının tedaviye uyumları ve ilişkili faktörler
Authors: ORAL Ayşenur , AKSOY Mustafa , ÖZTAŞ Dilek , DİRİCAN Oya 
Published: January 2021

maç: Bu araştırmada, İstanbul ili Zeytinburnu ilçesindeki verem savaş dispanserine başvuran tüberküloz hastalarının tedaviye uyum durumları ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya 85 hasta dahil edilmiş, ve bu hastalara ilişkili faktörleri araştırmak için anket formu uygulanmıştır. İlaçlarını almayı yarıda bırakmayan, tedavisi sürerken dispanserden ilaçlarını düzenli almaya gelen ve ilaç içmeyi unutmayan hastaların tedaviye uyumları olumlu olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların sadece %29,4’ünün ilaç almayı yarıda bıraktığı, %17,6’sının tedavisi sürerken ilacını almaya gelmediği ve %21,2’sinin de ilaç almayı unuttuğunu belirttiği saptanmıştır. İlaç almaya gelmeme” konulu olumsuz davranışın diğer ekonomik statülere göre özellikle orta gelir düzeyli grupta (post hoc) daha az oranda (%7,9’a karşılık %92,1) yaşandığı görülmüştür. Hastalık süresi uzadıkça “ilaç almayı yarıda bırakma” ve “ilaç almaya gelmeme” oranının arttığı saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Tüberküloz hastalarının tedaviye uyumlarında düzenli olarak ilaçlarını kullanması son derece önemlidir. Birinci basamak sağlık ekibinin ilgili süreçlere hakim olması, hastaların ilaç alımlarını engelleyen faktörleri bilerek kişinin tedaviye uyumunu artırıcı müdahaleleri planlayabilmesi toplum sağlığı açısından gereklidir.
Sezaryen doğum oranlarında “kıymetli bebek” etkisi
Authors: HALİMOĞLU Büşra , YEŞİLÇİÇEK ÇALIK Kıymet 
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma sezaryen doğum oranlarında “kıymetli bebek” etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Trabzon il merkezinde bulunan üç hastanenin kadın hastalıkları ve doğum servislerinde Ocak - Ekim 2018 tarihleri arasında örnekleme dahil edilme kriterlerine uygun 850 kadın ile yapıldı. Veriler toplanmasında anket formu ve hasta dosyası kullanıldı. Veriler, frekans ve yüzdelik hesaplamalarının yanı lojistik regresyon analizi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Sezaryen endikasyonlarının ilk üç sıralamasında sırasıyla anneye bağlı endikasyonlar (%52.6), bebeğe bağlı endikasyonlar (%21.4) ve sosyal endikasyonlar (%13.1) [tedavi ile bebek sahibi olma (kıymetli bebek) (%86.5), anne isteği (%13.5)] ilk üç sırada yer aldı. Sezaryen doğum yapan kadınların %88.7’sinin gebeliklerinin kendiliğinden, %11.3’ünün ise tedavi ile olduğu saptandı. Bu kadınların %44.8’i 35-45 yaş grubundadır. Kıymetli bebek sahibi olan kadınların %50,0’sinin ilk gebeliği, %86,5’inin yaşayan çocuğunun olmadığı, %60,4’ünün daha önce hiç düşük, ölü doğum (%91,7) ve daha önce sezaryen ile doğum (%99) yapmadığı ve %87,5’inin gebeliklerinin tekil olduğu tespit edildi. Kıymetli bebek sahibi olan kadınların %57.3’ünün herhangi bir kronik hastalığı olmadığı ancak %53.1’inin gebelik öncesi bir sağlık probleminin olduğu ve ilk sırada jinekolojik hastalıkların (%37.5) yer aldığı saptandı. Kadının yaşı arttıkça gebeliğin kıymetli gebelik olma riski 1,448 kat, gebelik öncesi saptanmış sağlık probleminin varlığında ise 5,74 kat daha artmaktadır.
Sonuç: Kıymetli bebek olarak tanımlanan gebeliklerin sezaryen endikasyonları sıralamasında 3. sırada yer alarak sezaryen oranlarının artışına katkı vermiştir.
Relationship between blood lipids, inflammation parameters and body composition
Authors: METE Burak , DEĞER Mehmet Sait , ZOROĞLU Gülsüm 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this stuıdy was to determine the relation between inflammation markers, anthropometric measurements, and blood lipid values.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted with 274 adult healthy subjects in 2019. The relationship between anthropometric measurements and blood lipid values of individuals, full blood count inflammation markers, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR) were examined..
Results: The average age of the 274 subjects, who participated in the study, was 34 years. No significant differences were detected between the NLR, PLR and LMR ratios according to the BMI scores. A very weak and negative correlation was detected between PLR and skeletal muscle, basal metabolic rate, body fluid amount and lean mass; and a weak and negative correlation was detected between HDL and BMI, body fat amount, and internal fat amount. A weak and positive correlation was detected between NLR and LDL.
Conclusion: There was a very weak correlation between anthropometric values and inflammation markers, a weak-moderate correlation between blood lipid levels, and a weak correlation between inflammation markers and cholesterol levels.
Teacher's Experience with Mobbing in Baku Schools and İts Consequences
Authors: Umarova Daniz 
Published: January 2021

The phenomenon of mobbing is one of the global problems of modern life which includes unethical behaviors such as harassment, isolation, humiliation, and psychological violence. Mobbing is also occurring in the teaching staff and if mentioned behaviors used continuously, mobbing has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of humans. The study aimed to determine the mobbing behaviors and the characteristics of their impact on teachers. The research sample consisted of 202 teachers working in Baku schools in Azerbaijan. In the survey, Likert scale questionnaires were used as a data collection tool. The findings suggest that it is a mobbing behavior that teachers are most exposed is the "underestimation of work". Most of the negative effects of mobbing on teachers were the work-related effects. It was determined that single teachers compared to married teachers are more exposed to mobbing. Also,was found a statistical difference between work experience and mobbing. In data analysis, a positive and significant relationship was found between mobbing and the negative effects of mobbing ( r=,444; p< .01). If the level of mobbing increases, it becomes a dangerous situation. Thus, it is essential to pay attention to this actual problem and follow recommendations to fight with mobbing and prevent its consequences.
Hydrazides in the Processes of Extraction of Non-ferrous Metals from Ammonia Solutions
Authors: G. Chekanova Larisa , N. Vaulina Vera , V. Kharitonova Anastasia 
Published: January 2021

The extraction of copper and other non-ferrous metals from ammonia solutions with hydrazides оf Versatic acids (C15–C19 fraction) is discussed in this article. Hydrazide group has been known to be a selective extractant for non-ferrous metals. Introducing the alkyl radical of -branched tert-carboxylic acids into the reagent structure may lead to new properties important for an extractant, such as chemical stability and good compatibility with solvents properties. The optimal extraction conditions, the effect of ammonium salts and the regularities of re-extraction are assessed.
Keywords: extraction, hydrazides, -branched tert-carboxylic acids, non-ferrous metals
Dielectric Properties and Substantiation of Electromagnetic Technologies for Oil Sludge Processing
Authors: Abdeev Eldar Rinatovich , Fatykhov Minikhan Abuzarovich , Saitov Rail Idiatovich , Abdeev Rinat Gazizyanovich , Fatykhov Lenart Minnehanovich 
Published: January 2021

In the process of reception, storage and preparation of oil for processing, significant volumes of oil-containing sludge are formed, which are not only a source of pollution, but also a valuable hydrocarbon feedstock. Long-term storage of oil with water, contact with atmospheric oxygen, and the presence of solid particles hydrophobized with asphalt-resinous and paraffinous substances contribute to the formation of “intermediate layers” in these sludges, which are ultra-stable oil-water emulsions. It is proposed to use the energy of the electromagnetic field of the high and microwave ranges when developing a technology for the destruction of oil-water emulsions. After analyzing the composition of the oil sludge, experimental studies were conducted of the dielectric loss tangenttgδδ of oil with the addition of sand and paraffin, depending on the frequency of electromagnetic oscillations in the range of 30 - 160 MHz and temperature in the range of 25 - 80 ∘ С using the cumeter method. Studies have shown that two technologies for the disposal of oil sludge are possible: HF and UHF methods. To assess the effectiveness of their application, it is necessary to conduct experimental studies of the dielectric properties of oil sludge.
Keywords: oil sludge, oil sludge disposal,oil storage, oil-water emulsions, electromagnetic field
Relação entre a disponibilidade hídrica na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Irani, localizada no oeste de Santa Catarina, região Sul do Brasil e a cobertura vegetal das biomas Amazônia, Pantanal e Mata Atlântica
Authors: Sales Filho Pedro Cardoso , Vitor Adriano , Muza Michel Nobre , Claudino Carla 
Published: January 2021

A crescente demanda de uso água no âmbito mundial atrelado ao desmatamento das florestas e ao crescimento populacional pode provocar um aumento significativo dos conflitos de uso. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender o período de estiagem em termos de vazão para o ano de 2019 no município de Chapecó e identificar de maneira exploratória inicial as relações entre a cobertura vegetal do Bioma Amazônia, Pantanal e Mata-Atlântica com dados de uma estação fluviométrica do Oeste de Santa Catarina, região Sul do Brasil. Utilizando dados de cobertura vegetal do Map Biomas, dados da estação fluviométrica Barca do Irani e dados da estação convencional meteorológica de Chapecó realizou-se a correlação Rô de Spearmam com Minitab 18®. A análise dos dados de vazão da estação fluviométrica Barca Irani, demonstrou que o Rio Irani passou por um período de estiagem recente. Os dados da correlação Rô de Spearmam demonstrou haver uma forte correlação positiva entre a cobertura vegetal no bioma Amazônia e no bioma Pantanal (r = 0,997), o mesmo não foi observado para o bioma Mata Atlântica. Os dados das médias vazões mínimas absolutas anuais da estação fluviométrica Barca Irani apresentaram correlação moderada positiva em relação aos dados de cobertura vegetal no bioma Amazônia (r = 0,507) bem como do bioma Pantanal (r = 0,494). A disponibilidade hídrica na estação fluviométrica estudada pode estar sendo influenciada pela umidade proveniente da evapotranspiração da floresta Amazônica, vinda através dos Jatos de Baixos Níveis, e que podem estar impactando diretamente na precipitação local.