bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Strength of the Dynamical Spiral Perturbation in the Galactic Disk
Authors: Eilers Anna-Christina , Hogg David W. , Rix Hans-Walter , Frankel Neige , Hunt Jason A. S. , Fouvry Jean-Baptiste , Buck Tobias 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The mean Galactocentric radial velocities

of luminous red giant stars within the midplane of the Milky Way reveal a spiral signature, which could plausibly reflect the response to a nonaxisymmetric perturbation of the gravitational potential in the Galactic disk. We apply a simple steady-state toy model of a logarithmic spiral to interpret these observations, and find a good qualitative and quantitative match. Presuming that the amplitude of the gravitational potential perturbation is proportionate to that in the disk’s surface mass density, we estimate the surface mass density amplitude to be

at the solar radius when choosing a fixed pattern speed of

. Combined with the local disk density, this implies a surface mass density contrast between the arm and inter-arm regions of approximately ±10% at the solar radius, with an increase toward larger radii. Our model constrains the pitch angle of the dynamical spiral arms to be approximately 12°.
A Census of Sub-kiloparsec Resolution Metallicity Gradients in Star-forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon from HST Slitless Spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Xin , Jones Tucker A. , Treu Tommaso , Daddi Emanuele , Brammer Gabriel B. , Sharon Keren , Morishita Takahiro , Abramson Louis E. , Colbert James W. , Henry Alaina L. , Hopkins Philip F. , Malkan Matthew A. , Schmidt Kasper B. , Teplitz Harry I. , Vulcani Benedetta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present the hitherto largest sample of gas-phase metallicity radial gradients measured at sub-kpc resolution in star-forming galaxies in the redshift range of z ∈ [1.2, 2.3]. These measurements are enabled by the synergy of slitless spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared channels and the lensing magnification from foreground galaxy clusters. Our sample consists of 76 galaxies with stellar mass ranging from 107 to 1010

, an instantaneous star formation rate in the range of [1, 100]

yr−1, and global metallicity

of solar. At a 2σ confidence level, 15/76 galaxies in our sample show negative radial gradients, whereas 7/76 show inverted gradients. Combining ours and all other metallicity gradients obtained at a similar resolution currently available in the literature, we measure a negative mass dependence of Δlog(O/H)/

= (−0.020 ± 0.007) + (−0.016 ± 0.008)

, with the intrinsic scatter being σ = 0.060 ± 0.006 over 4 orders of magnitude in stellar mass. Our result is consistent with strong feedback, not secular processes, being the primary governor of the chemostructural evolution of star-forming galaxies during the disk mass assembly at cosmic noon. We also find that the intrinsic scatter of metallicity gradients increases with decreasing stellar mass and increasing specific star formation rate. This increase in the intrinsic scatter is likely caused by the combined effect of cold-mode gas accretion and merger-induced starbursts, with the latter more predominant in the dwarf mass regime of

.
Revisiting the Magnetic Field of the L183 Starless Core
Authors: Karoly Janik , Soam Archana , Andersson B-G , Coudé Simon , Bastien Pierre , Vaillancourt John E. , Lee Chang Won 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present observations of linear polarization from dust thermal emission at 850 μm toward the starless cloud L183. These data were obtained at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) using the SCUBA-2 camera in conjunction with its polarimeter POL-2. Polarized dust emission traces the plane-of-sky magnetic field structure in the cloud, thus allowing us to investigate the role of magnetic fields in the formation and evolution of its starless core. To interpret these measurements, we first calculate the dust temperature and column density in L183 by fitting the spectral energy distribution obtained by combining data from the JCMT and the Herschel space observatory. We used the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi technique to measure the magnetic field strength in five subregions of the cloud, and we find values ranging from ∼120 ± 18 μG to ∼270 ± 64 μG in agreement with previous studies. Combined with an average hydrogen column density (

) of ∼1.5 × 1022 cm−2 in the cloud, we also find that all five subregions are magnetically subcritical. These results indicate that the magnetic field in L183 is sufficiently strong to oppose the gravitational collapse of the cloud.
Protostellar Collapse: Regulation of the Angular Momentum and Onset of an Ionic Precursor
Authors: Marchand Pierre , Tomida Kengo , Tanaka Kei E. I. , Commerçon Benoît , Chabrier Gilles 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Through the magnetic braking and the launching of protostellar outflows, magnetic fields play a major role in the regulation of angular momentum in star formation, which directly impacts the formation and evolution of protoplanetary disks and binary systems. The aim of this paper is to quantify those phenomena in the presence of nonideal magnetohydrodynamics effects, namely, the ohmic and ambipolar diffusion. We perform three-dimensional simulations of protostellar collapses varying the mass of the prestellar dense core, the thermal support (the α ratio), and the dust grain size distribution. The mass mostly influences the magnetic braking in the pseudo-disk, while the thermal support impacts the accretion rate and hence the properties of the disk. Removing the grains smaller than 0.1 μm in the Mathis–Rumpl–Nordsieck distribution enhances the ambipolar diffusion coefficient. Similar to previous studies, we find that this change in the distribution reduces the magnetic braking with an impact on the disk. The outflow is also significantly weakened. In either case, the magnetic braking largely dominates the outflow as a process to remove the angular momentum from the disk. Finally, we report a large ionic precursor to the outflow with velocities of several km s−1, which may be observable.
The Origin of Elements from Carbon to Uranium
Authors: Kobayashi Chiaki , Karakas Amanda I. , Lugaro Maria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To reach a deeper understanding of the origin of elements in the periodic table, we construct Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models for all stable elements from C (A = 12) to U (A = 238) from first principles, i.e., using theoretical nucleosynthesis yields and event rates of all chemical enrichment sources. This enables us to predict the origin of elements as a function of time and environment. In the solar neighborhood, we find that stars with initial masses of M > 30M
⊙ can become failed supernovae if there is a significant contribution from hypernovae (HNe) at M ∼ 20–50M
⊙. The contribution to GCE from super-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars (with M ∼ 8–10M
⊙ at solar metallicity) is negligible, unless hybrid white dwarfs from low-mass super-AGB stars explode as so-called Type Iax supernovae, or high-mass super-AGB stars explode as electron-capture supernovae (ECSNe). Among neutron-capture elements, the observed abundances of the second (Ba) and third (Pb) peak elements are well reproduced with our updated yields of the slow neutron-capture process (s-process) from AGB stars. The first peak elements (Sr, Y, Zr) are sufficiently produced by ECSNe together with AGB stars. Neutron star mergers can produce rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) elements up to Th and U, but the timescales are too long to explain observations at low metallicities. The observed evolutionary trends, such as for Eu, can well be explained if ∼3% of 25–50M
⊙ HNe are magneto-rotational supernovae producing r-process elements. Along with the solar neighborhood, we also predict the evolutionary trends in the halo, bulge, and thick disk for future comparison with Galactic archeology surveys.
Intramuscular Pressure Is Almost Three Times Higher in Fibromyalgia Patients: A Possible Mechanism for Understanding the Muscle Pain and Tenderness
Authors: Katz Robert S. , Leavitt Frank , Small Alexandra Katz , Small Ben J. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveWidespread pain in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is conventionally viewed as arising from disordered central processing. This study examines intramuscular pressure in the trapezius as an alternative mechanism for understanding FMS pain.MethodsOne hundred eight patients who satisfied the American College of Rheumatology criteria for FMS and 30 patients who met the ACR criteria for another rheumatic disease comprised the study groups. Muscle pressure was measured in mmHg using a pressure gauge attached to a no. 22 needle inserted into the mid-portion of the trapezius muscle. In addition, patients with FMS and rheumatic disease controls had dolorimetry testing, digital palpation, and reported pain scores.ResultsMuscle pressure was substantially higher in patients with FMS with a mean value of 33.48 ± 5.90 mmHg. Only 2 of 108 patients had muscle pressure of < 23 mmHg. The mean pressure in rheumatic disease controls was 12.23 ± 3.75 mmHg, with a range from 3–22 mmHg. Patients with FMS were more tender than controls based on both dolorimetry (P < 0.001) and digital palpation (P < 0.001). The mean pain score in patients with FMS and controls was 6.68 ± 1.91 and 1.43 ± 1.79, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionPressure in the trapezius muscle of patients with FMS is remarkably elevated and may be an intrinsic feature of FMS that could be monitored as part of the diagnostic evaluation. The burden of the pressure abnormality may help explain the diffuse muscle pain of FMS. Therefore, FMS as a disorder of exclusively central pain processing should be revisited. Therapeutically, the reduction of muscle pressure may change the clinical picture significantly.
Pegloticase in Combination With Methotrexate in Patients With Uncontrolled Gout: A Multicenter, Open-label Study (MIRROR)
Authors: Botson John K. , Tesser John R.P. , Bennett Ralph , Kenney Howard M. , Peloso Paul M. , Obermeyer Katie , LaMoreaux Brian , Weinblatt Michael E. , Peterson Jeff 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the efficacy and safety of pegloticase in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with uncontrolled gout in an exploratory, open-label clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03635957) prior to a randomized, controlled trial.MethodsA multicenter, open-label efficacy and safety study of pegloticase with MTX co-treatment was conducted in patients with uncontrolled gout. Patients were administered oral MTX (15 mg/week) and folic acid (1 mg/day) 4 weeks prior to and throughout pegloticase treatment. The primary study outcome was the proportion of responders, defined as serum uric acid (sUA) < 6 mg/dL for ≥ 80% of the time during Month 6 (Weeks 20, 22, and 24). All analyses were performed on a modified intent-to-treat population, defined as patients who received ≥ 1 pegloticase infusion.ResultsSeventeen patients were screened and 14 patients (all men, average age 49.3 ± 8.7 years) were enrolled. On Day 1, mean sUA was 9.2 ± 2.5 mg/dL, and 12 of the 14 patients had visible tophi. At the 6-month timepoint, 11/14 (78.6%, 95% CI 49.2–95.3%) met the responder definition, with 3 patients discontinuing after meeting protocol-defined treatment discontinuation rules (preinfusion sUA values > 6 mg/dL at 2 consecutive scheduled visits). All patients tolerated MTX. No new safety concerns were identified.ConclusionIn this study, an increased proportion of patients maintained therapeutic response at 6 months when treated concomitantly with MTX and pegloticase as compared to the previously reported 42% using pegloticase alone. These results support the need for a randomized study of MTX or placebo with pegloticase to validate these open-label findings.
Attitudes and Behaviors of Patients With Rheumatic Diseases During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Ma Margaret H.Y. , Tay Sen Hee , Cheung Peter P.M. , Santosa Amelia , Chan Yiong Huak , Yip James W.L. , Mak Anselm , Lahiri Manjari 
Published: September 2020

Objective.To evaluate attitudes and behaviors of patients with rheumatic diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods.An online survey delivered by text message to 4695 patients on follow-up at a tertiary rheumatology center. Latent class analysis was performed on the survey variables.Results.There were 2239 (47.7%) who responded to the survey and 3 clusters were identified. Cluster 3 (C3) was defined by patients who were most worried about COVID-19, more likely to wear face masks, and more likely to alter or stop their medications. Patients in C3 were more likely to be female, Malay, and unemployed.Conclusion.We identified 3 clusters with different healthcare beliefs and distinct sociodemographics.
CanVasc Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody-associated Vasculitis: 2020 Update
Authors: Mendel Arielle , Ennis Daniel , Go Ellen , Bakowsky Volodko , Baldwin Corisande , Benseler Susanne M. , Cabral David A. , Carette Simon , Clements-Baker Marie , Clifford Alison H. , Cohen Tervaert Jan Willem , Cox Gerard , Dehghan Natasha , Dipchand Christine , Dhindsa Navjot , Famorca Leilani , Fifi-Mah Aurore , Garner Stephanie , Girard Louis-Philippe , Lessard Clode , Liang Patrick , Noone Damien , Makhzoum Jean-Paul , Milman Nataliya , Pineau Christian A. , Reich Heather N. , Rhéaume Maxime , Robinson David B. , Rumsey Dax G. , Towheed Tanveer E. , Trudeau Judith , Twilt Marinka , Yacyshyn Elaine , Yeung Rae S.M. , Barra Lillian B. , Khalidi Nader , Pagnoux Christian 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveIn 2015, the Canadian Vasculitis Research Network (CanVasc) created recommendations for the management of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) in Canada. The current update aims to revise existing recommendations and create additional recommendations, as needed, based on a review of new available evidence.MethodsA needs assessment survey of CanVasc members informed questions for an updated systematic literature review (publications spanning May 2014 to September 2019) using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane. New and revised recommendations were developed and categorized according to the level of evidence and strength of each recommendation. The CanVasc working group used a 2-step modified Delphi procedure to reach > 80% consensus on the inclusion, wording, and grading of each new and revised recommendation.ResultsEleven new and 16 revised recommendations were created and 12 original (2015) recommendations were retained. New and revised recommendations are discussed in detail within this document. Five original recommendations were removed, of which 4 were incorporated into the explanatory text. The supplementary material for practical use was revised to reflect the updated recommendations.ConclusionThe 2020 updated recommendations provide rheumatologists, nephrologists, and other specialists caring for patients with AAV in Canada with new management guidance, based on current evidence and consensus from Canadian experts.
Evaluation of Surface Characteristics and Weight Variation of Different Composite Resins after Simulated Toothbrushing
Authors: De Almeida Jéssika Raíssa Medeiros , Messias Aion Mangino , Gadelha Diana Ferreira , Caldas Sergei Godeiro Fernandes Rabelo , Caldas Marília Regalado Galvão Rabelo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the surface characteristics of restorations performed after simulated toothbrushing and to compare the results between the composites. Materials and Methods: In total, 80 samples were made (7 mm × 4 mm) from the composites: Bulk Fill One, Bulk Fill Flow, Z350 XT, and Z350 XT flow (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). Half of the specimens was submitted to 60,000 cycles of simulated toothbrushing, while the other half was the control group (n = 10). The surface was evaluated through Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), surface roughness (Ra), and weight loss, before and after the simulated toothbrushing. To evaluate the statistical analysis, a two-factors variance test and the Tukey's posttest were performed. Results: In the analysis performed by SEM, it was observed the presence of both small and medium protruding particles in all groups after simulated toothbrushing, with the exception of the group which used Z350 flow composite. All materials presented increasing on Ra after simulated toothbrushing. Regarding weight variation, there was not any significant statistical difference in all materials. Conclusions: The abrasive process occasioned by toothbrushing leads to changes on the particles' disposition, which causes changes on the surface and increase on the Ra. On the other hand, there was not any difference regarding to weight variation.
Clinical workflow of two different CAD/CAM systems for veneers manufacture
Authors: Jurado Carlos Alberto , Mourad Firas , Felton David , Tinoco Jose Villalobos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDigital technology is improving dentistry by manufacturing restorations faster and easier. Veneers can be handcrafted fabricated by the dental technician or designed by software and fabricated by a milling machine. Currently, there are many scanners available in the market that are clinically acceptable for the fabrication of restorations. However, there have been no clinical reports comparing the clinical protocols of the two most frequently used software programs in the market. The aim of this article is to show the digital workflow of the two most common systems for the fabrication of CAD/CAM veneers.
Water Sorption and Solubility of a High-viscous Glass-Ionomer Cement after the Application of Different Surface-Coating Agents
Authors: Yilmaz Merve Nur , Gul Pinar , Kiziltunc Ahmet 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different surface coating agents on water sorption and solubility of a high-viscous glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and Methods: A high-viscous GIC (EQUIA Forte, GC, Tokyo, Japan) was used for this study. Sixty disc-shaped specimens (8 mm × 2 mm) were prepared from material. Specimens were divided six subgroups and five different coating systems were applied on specimen surfaces. Other groups were used as the control group (n = 10) (Group 1: Control, Group 2: Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), Group 3: Petroleum jelly (Vaseline, India, Lever Ltd.), Group 4: BisCover LV (Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA), Group 5: EQUIA Forte Coat (GC, Tokyo, Japan), Group 6: Final Varnish LC (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany). All specimens were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and subjected to water sorption and solubility tests based on the ISO 4049 requirements. Data were analyzed by paired samples t-test, one way analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey HSD, and Tamhane's T2 tests (α = 0.05). Results: Equia Forte Coat and Final Varnish LC were more successful in terms of water sorption, but Final Varnish LC was more successful in terms of solubility. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that light-cured surface coatings, especially Final Varnish LC were more successful than other groups in terms of water sorption and solubility.
Dual thyroid ectopia: A pictorial case series and review of literature
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Singhal Tejasvini , Krishna Sai , Narayan Manishi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEctopic thyroid (ET) is a developmental anomaly of the thyroid gland with the presence of thyroid tissue at sites other than the normal cervical location anterior to second and third tracheal ring due to abnormal migration of the gland. It may be found along the path of descent of the developing thyroid primordium from the foramen caecum to the isthmus of the thyroid and up to the base of the diaphragm. Dual thyroid ectopia, where ET tissue is simultaneously present at two different abnormal locations, is a very rare developmental defect. Only a few cases have been reported worldwide. ET is predominantly seen in females and during puberty when the hormonal demand is high. Patients with ET may remain asymptomatic or present with swelling in the neck, symptoms such as dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnea, and features of hypothyroidism. The diagnosis is usually made on clinical examination, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and cytology. Careful clinical evaluation is essential as ET may be the only functioning thyroid tissue. Thyroid scintigraphy is an important imaging tool and the gold standard for the diagnosis of ET tissue, as it has high sensitivity and specificity. Early and accurate diagnosis of ET is essential to start hormone replacement and avoid unnecessary surgery. The authors report here a series of four patients with dual ET tissue, diagnosed on thyroid scintigraphy.
Mucinous urachal adenocarcinoma: A potential nonfluorodeoxyglucose-avid pitfall on 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Das Jeeban , Vargas Hebert , Ulaner Gary 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMucinous adenocarcinoma of the urachal remnant is a nonurothelial malignancy that may be asymptomatic until locally advanced or metastatic. We describe a 37-year-old woman with invasive ductal breast carcinoma who underwent 18Fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) computed tomography (CT) demonstrating a non-FDG avid pelvic mass, initially suspected to represent a pedunculated uterine fibroid. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mixed solid-cystic mass separate from the uterus, suspicious for urachal neoplasm, confirmed as mucinous adenocarcinoma on histopathology. Urachal tumors may not be FDG-avid and represent a potential pitfall on FDG PET/CT.
K-NEAREST NEIGHBOUR CLASSIFIER USAGE FOR PERMISSION BASED MALWARE DETECTION IN ANDROID
Authors: ARSLAN Recep Sinan , Yurttakal Ahmet Haşim 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Android application platform is making rapid progress in these days. This development has made it the target of malicious application developers. This situation provides a numerical increase in malware apps, diversity in techniques, and rise of damage. Therefore, it is very critical to detect these software and escalation the security of mobile users. Static and dynamic analysis, behaviour scrutiny, machine learning methods are used to ensure security. In this study, K-nearest Neighbourhood (KNN) classifier, one of the machine learning methods, is used. Thus, it is aimed to detect malignant mobile software successfully and quickly. The tests is conducted with dataset includes 492 malware and 697 benign applications. In the proposed algorithm, neighbour number 5 and distance metric is preferred as Minkowski. 80% of dataset randomly selected is reserved for training and 20% for testing. As a result, while 94.1% accuracy is achieved, precision 91.2%, recall 92.7% recall and f1-measure is 92.4%. The high value obtained in f1-measure shows that the proposed model is successful in detecting both malware and benevolent software. The success of using KNN algorithm in classification of malicious apps in the Android has been demonstrated.