bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B Vaccination of Low Birth Weight Infants in Washington State
Authors: Ost Katarina , Oster Natalia V. , Jacobson Elizabeth N. , deHart M. Patricia , Englund Janet A. , Hofstetter Annika M. 
Published: December 2020

Objective The U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that infants born weighing less than 2,000 g receive the hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine at hospital discharge or 30 days of age. This study aimed to assess timely HepB vaccination among low birth weight infants. We hypothesized that many of these vulnerable infants would fail to receive their HepB birth dose on time.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study included Washington State infants born weighing less than 2,000 g at an academic medical center between 2008 and 2013. Data were abstracted from electronic health records and linked to vaccine data from the Washington State Immunization Information System. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations between sociodemographic, clinical, and visit characteristics and HepB vaccination by birth hospitalization discharge or 30 days of age.
Results Among 976 study infants, 58.4% received their HepB vaccine by birth hospitalization discharge or 30 days of age. Infants had higher odds of timely HepB vaccination if they were Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–2.95) or non-Hispanic black (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.36–3.80) versus non-Hispanic white or if they were hospitalized 14 days or longer versus less than 14 days (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.66–3.54). Infants had lower odds of timely HepB vaccination if they were born before 34 weeks versus on or after 34 weeks of gestational age (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.27–0.63) or if they had an estimated household income less than $50,845 versus 50,845 or greater (AOR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48–0.86).
Conclusion Many infants born weighing less than 2,000 g did not receive their first HepB birth dose according to ACIP recommendations. Strategies are needed to improve timely HepB vaccination in this high-risk population.
Key Points
Use of Preexpanded Forehead and Neck Skin in Case of Giant Facial Hairy Naevus: Planning and Technique
Authors: Sharma Mukesh Kumar , Kumar Naveen , Babu V. Suman , Tiwari Vinay Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA congenital nevi is a pigmented patch which requires complete surgical excision for cosmetic reasons. Here, we report a case of a patient with facial hairy pigmented lesion, occupying the right half of her face since birth, who underwent complete surgical excision and staged reconstruction utilizing, preexpanded forehead and neck skin. We used two rectangular tissue expanders with 150 and 300 cubic cm of volumes inserted in the forehead and the neck, respectively. The length of the expanders selected were equal to 1.2 to 1.5 times the length of their respective lesions, whereas the width of the base of the expanders were approximately similar to the width of their defects. It is concluded with this case report that tissue expansion provides a good cosmetic and anatomical correction to cover large defects, with adjacent skin having similar properties.
Electromagnetic waves in an optical photonic lattice
Authors: Korovay O.V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Laser light propagation in a photonic lattice consisting of two parallel waveguide arrays is theoretically studied using the coupled mode method, with the interaction of each waveguide with the nearest neighbours and between the waveguides of the arrays being taken into account. Analytical expressions are obtained that make it possible to accurately predict the presence of localisation of light depending on the coupling constants. Particular solutions of a system of coupled waves are found, which describe strongly localised light propagating without transverse diffraction along the entire lattice at certain values of the coupling constants. The emergence of spatially limited transverse diffraction of light is predicted.
Production of two-colour radiation with polarisations of components rotating in opposite directions
Authors: Kotov V.M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A method is proposed for the production of two-colour radiation with monochromatic components, the polarisation vectors of which rotate in opposite directions, and the rotation speed is controlled by the sound frequency. The method is based on acousto-optic (AO) interaction upon double passage of two-colour radiation through an AO cell made of a gyrotropic crystal; the method efficiency is demonstrated by the example of radiation from an Ar laser generating at wavelengths of 0.488 and 0.514 μm and an AO cell made of TeO2, operating at a sound frequency of 60 MHz.
Effect of CO2-laser power density on the absorption coefficient of polycrystalline CVD diamonds
Authors: Andreeva M.S. , Artyushkin N.V. , Krymskii M.I. , Laptev A.I. , Polushin N.I. , Rogalin V.E. , Rogozhin M.V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The effect of 1-s irradiation of an uncooled polycrystalline CVD diamond plate by a focused cw CO2 laser beam with a power density of 300 – 800 kW cm−2 is investigated. The absorption coefficient of the sample at a power density of 800 kW cm−2 is found to be 0.035 cm−1 larger as compared with that at 300 kW cm−2, which is related to the temperature dependence of its phonon-induced absorption with a change in temperature from 44 to 100 °C. It is shown that polycrystalline diamond, in contrast to other optical materials, does not exhibit nonlinear (avalanche-like) rise in absorption at high CO2-laser power densities, at least up to 800 kW cm−2.
Numerical simulation of the beam self-cleaning process in a multimode graded-index fibre during propagation of a pump wave and a Stokes component
Authors: Sidelnikov O.S. , Podivilov E.V. , Babin S.A. , Wabnitz S. , Fedoruk M.P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A model of coupled modes is proposed, which makes it possible to describe the propagation of a pump wave and a Stokes component in a multimode graded-index fibre. A decrease in the depression in the centre of the profile of the pump wave intensity distribution as a result of the influence of Kerr effects and random linear coupling of modes is demonstrated.
Nonlinear waves in a thin dielectric film on the surface of a topological insulator
Authors: Maimistov A.I. , Lyashko E.I. , Elyutin S.O. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on the dispersion relation for a wave localised in a thin film of a nonlinear dielectric, which is located on the surface of a topological insulator, we have derived a system of equations that describes the propagation of a surface wave. It is shown that the longitudinal and transverse tangential components of the electric field vector are related due to the nonlinearity of the film and change periodically during propagation. It is found that the rotation period of this vector is determined by the axion charge of the topological dielectric and the nonlinear susceptibility of the thin film.
Seven-core fibre Raman laser with intercore coupling
Authors: Dostovalov A.V. , Skvortsov M.I. , Wolf A.A. , Labuntsov V.I. , Egorova O.N. , Semjonov S.L. , Babin S.A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper reports results of a study aimed at producing a Raman fibre laser based on a multicore fibre with high-reflectivity fibre Bragg gratings inscribed in its peripheral cores using femtosecond laser pulses. We present spectral and power characteristics of a Raman laser whose output power at a wavelength of 1090 nm is 2.5 W. The laser emission linewidth has been shown to decrease as a result of the reduction in nonlinear effects owing to the larger effective mode area in the multicore fibre in comparison with a standard single-mode fibre Raman laser.
Application of neural networks to determine the discrete spectrum of the direct Zakharov – Shabat problem
Authors: Sedov E.V. , Chekhovskoy I.S. , Prilepsky J.E. , Fedoruk M.P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A neural network architecture is proposed to determine the number of solitons generated by random processes in optical wavelength-division multiplexed telecommunication systems with QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 1024-QAM modulation. The dependence of the prediction quality of a neural network with a special architecture on the number of soliton modes in the signal and the parameters of this signal is studied.
Output power saturation effect in Yb – Er fibre lasers
Authors: Surin A.A. , Kovalenko N.V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The output power saturation effect in Yb – Er fibre lasers is experimentally observed. A formula for estimating the saturation power is derived. A method is proposed for measuring the 4I11/2 level lifetime or the concentration of Er ions based on the measurements of the saturation power.
An angular motion of a conserved four-helix bundle facilitates alternating access transport in the TtNapA and EcNhaA transporters
Authors: Masrati Gal , Mondal Ramakanta , Rimon Abraham , Kessel Amit , Padan Etana , Lindahl Erik , Ben-Tal Nir 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Membrane-embedded cation/proton antiporters (CPAs) exchange monovalent cations with protons by alternating between two extreme states: inward- and outward-facing. Although atomic-resolution structures are available, there is still an ongoing debate regarding these antiporters’ transport mechanism. Here, we use computer simulations to explore the dynamics of two bacterial antiporters along two axes of motion: a tilting movement and a vertical translation of the antiporters’ two functional domains. By analyzing these dynamic changes, rather than comparing the two extreme states that CPAs adopt, we determine that it is the tilting movement of the antiporters’ mobile domain that drives the relevant conformational changes. Finally, by applying the knowledge gained from these simulations, we predict an unknown outward-facing conformation and verify it experimentally.
The origin, supply chain, and deforestation risk of Brazil’s beef exports
Authors: zu Ermgassen Erasmus K. H. J. , Godar Javier , Lathuillière Michael J. , Löfgren Pernilla , Gardner Toby , Vasconcelos André , Meyfroidt Patrick 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The trade in agricultural commodities is a mainstay of the globalized economy, though the complex nature of commodity supply chains makes it difficult to identify the origin of and impact embedded in products. We brought together detailed data on trade, agriculture, and logistics to produce a subnational map of the origin of Brazil’s exports of beef, offal, and live cattle. Brazil is the world’s largest beef exporter, exporting one-fifth of its total production, and the sector is a major driver of deforestation. We traced cattle from 2,800 municipalities through to 152 importing countries, via thousands of companies handling their export and import. Our work gives an unprecedented insight into the origin of food and impacts embedded in global supply chains.
Oxygen limitation may affect the temperature and size dependence of metabolism in aquatic ectotherms
Authors: Rubalcaba Juan G. , Verberk Wilco C. E. P. , Hendriks A. Jan , Saris Bart , Woods H. Arthur 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Organismal responses to climate change are mediated through its effects on physiology and metabolism. In aquatic environments, both water temperature and oxygen availability may modulate these responses by altering the aerobic metabolism fueling physiological performance. However, ecological models aimed at predicting how environmental factors shape aerobic metabolism disregard the role of oxygen supply. Here, we expand on these models by explicitly incorporating oxygen supply. Our results show that warmer water increases oxygen demand relative to supply, and the resulting reduction in aerobic scope appears to be stronger in larger individuals. Smaller aerobic scopes in warming water imply that climate change will reduce energy budgets needed to support the activities of aquatic animals and their physiological performance in the future.
Vibration enhanced cell growth induced by surface acoustic waves as in vitro wound-healing model
Authors: Brugger Manuel S. , Baumgartner Kathrin , Mauritz Sophie C. F. , Gerlach Stefan C. , Röder Florian , Schlosser Christine , Fluhrer Regina , Wixforth Achim , Westerhausen Christoph 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceUltrasonic pressure fields have been proven to be beneficial for cell growth in vitro and in patients. However, conventional therapeutic-ultrasound treatment is subjected to limitations such as time restriction, external application, or energy loss. The application of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can help to overcome some drawbacks. To understand the underlying mechanism, the adjusting parameters of SAWs and the intracellular response to the stimulation are evaluated. We identified a dependence of cell growth on SAW intensity and the presence of a vertical substrate deflection. While the cellular stress (reactive oxygen species) remains in the normal range, both cell migration and proliferation are increased. Due to the experimental design, the effect of enhanced cell growth is dominated by increased cell migration.
Driving integrative structural modeling with serial capture affinity purification
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Zhang Ying , Wen Zhihui , Hao Yan , Banks Charles A. S. , Lange Jeffrey J. , Slaughter Brian D. , Unruh Jay R. , Florens Laurence , Abmayr Susan M. , Workman Jerry L. , Washburn Michael P. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Determining the three-dimensional structures of protein complexes is critically important to guide biological research. Structural models of complexes can be built using powerful integrative approaches that combine emerging technologies in mass spectrometry, molecular modeling, and protein docking; however, preparing enriched biochemical samples suitable for analysis remains a major challenge. Here we describe serial capture affinity purification (SCAP), which can be used for the study of protein interactions in live cells and, when combined with cross-linking mass spectrometry, contribute distance restraints for integrative structural modeling. This broadly applicable technology can be used to study any protein complex in human tissue culture cells. We demonstrate SCAP capabilities on a poorly characterized epigenetic protein complex with roles in human cancer.
Actin flow-dependent and -independent force transmission through integrins
Authors: Driscoll Tristan P. , Ahn Sang Joon , Huang Billy , Kumar Abhishek , Schwartz Martin A. 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceThe current paradigm for force transmission between cells and the extracellular matrix is the focal adhesion clutch, in which highly dynamic bonds involving the cytoskeletal linker proteins talin and vinculin transmit tension between moving actin filaments and immobile integrins. We found, however, that while dynamic bonds dominate at cell edges where actin flow is rapid, force transfer in adhesions further from the edge that may be linked to actin bundles is transmitted mainly through more stable interactions. Vinculin contributes to stable and not dynamic bonds as previously thought. We identify the protein interactions that mediate these mechanisms and demonstrate modulation by matrix stiffness. These data therefore substantially revise our view of force transmission in cell-matrix adhesions.
Pattern-induced local symmetry breaking in active-matter systems
Authors: Denk Jonas , Frey Erwin 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Propelled agents that align their orientations upon collisions can give rise to macroscopic order. Depending on the details of the agents’ collisions, this ordering process can lead to spatiotemporal patterns, including traveling polar waves and nematic lanes. Recent experiments suggest that such patterns can also coexist and dynamically interconvert. Here we propose a general mechanism for such a phenomenology, which is based on patterned-induced local symmetry breaking. We show that macroscopic order in active-matter systems is linked to spatiotemporal density patterns, which in turn can lead to local symmetry breaking if the agent density exceeds the relevant threshold values. Our study sheds light on the principles of pattern formation and the emergence of symmetry in biological active-matter systems.
Refined measurement of SecA-driven protein secretion reveals that translocation is indirectly coupled to ATP turnover
Authors: Allen William J. , Watkins Daniel W. , Dillingham Mark S. , Collinson Ian 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The transport of proteins across membranes is fundamental to all life. The biological machinery responsible for this process has been known for some time, but exactly how it works is still contested. In this paper, we describe how a new, high-precision method for measuring protein transport, combined with careful data analysis, can be used to solve this problem. We find that our transport data are best described by a ratchet-type mechanism, in which the protein can diffuse one way but not the other, rather than by physical pushing of the protein.
A thermogenic fat-epithelium cell axis regulates intestinal disease tolerance
Authors: Man Kevin , Bowman Christopher , Braverman Kristina N. , Escalante Veronica , Tian Yuan , Bisanz Jordan E. , Ganeshan Kirthana , Wang Biao , Patterson Andrew , Bayrer James R. , Turnbaugh Peter J. , Chawla Ajay 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Disease tolerance is a host defense strategy that protects tissues from damage caused by pathogens or the immune system. While the importance of disease tolerance is well established in pathogenic infections, its role in tissue protection in noninfectious diseases remains less well understood. Here, we provide a framework for investigating the mechanisms of disease tolerance in experimental models of colitis. We find that the program of disease tolerance is preferentially expressed in thermoneutral mice, which protects them from injury-induced colitis and inflammation-induced colon cancer. The expression of intestinal disease tolerance is mediated by an unexpected cross-talk between thermogenic adipocytes and intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting that disease tolerance programs are metabolically expensive and dependent on the energetic state of the host.
Regulatory mechanisms of tau protein fibrillation under the conditions of liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Boyko Solomiia , Surewicz Krystyna , Surewicz Witold K. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
One of the major pathogenic events in Alzheimer’s disease and several other neurodegenerative disorders is the aggregation of tau protein into fibrillar structures. Recent reports demonstrated that tau can undergo liquid–liquid phase separation, forming liquid droplets. The key finding of the present study is that liquid–liquid phase separation uniquely regulates the rate of tau fibrillation in mixtures containing tau isoforms with different aggregation propensities. Given that, due to alternative splicing, the proportions of fast and slowly aggregating tau isoforms in brain vary substantially in different tauopathies, this previously unrecognized regulatory mechanism may play an important role as one of the major determinants of phenotypic variability within this class of neurodegenerative diseases.
Targeting progesterone signaling prevents metastatic ovarian cancer
Authors: Kim Olga , Park Eun Young , Kwon Sun Young , Shin Sojin , Emerson Robert E. , Shin Yong-Hyun , DeMayo Francesco J. , Lydon John P. , Coffey Donna M. , Hawkins Shannon M. , Quilliam Lawrence A. , Cheon Dong-Joo , Fernández Facundo M. , Nephew Kenneth P. , Karpf Adam R. , Widschwendter Martin , Sood Anil K. , Bast Robert C. , Godwin Andrew K. , Miller Kathy D. , Cho Chi-Heum , Kim Jaeyeon 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceWhy women carrying a pathogenic germlineBRCA1mutation are predisposed to ovarian and breast cancer remains elusive. This study points to ovarian progesterone as a culprit. Generally,BRCA1-mutation carriers exhibit high yet individually varying levels of progesterone during the menstrual cycle. Although not allBRCA1-mutation carriers develop these cancers, all of them are advised to undergo prophylactic surgeries at a young age (under 40 y to 45 y) to prevent ovarian and breast cancer. Insights from robust in vivo findings in this study offer a novel concept: Targeting progesterone signaling with antiprogestins could be an effective nonsurgical prophylactic option for ovarian and breast cancer prevention for these high-risk women.
Functional characterization of 67 endocytic accessory proteins using multiparametric quantitative analysis of CCP dynamics
Authors: Bhave Madhura , Mino Rosa E. , Wang Xinxin , Lee Jeon , Grossman Heather M. , Lakoduk Ashley M. , Danuser Gaudenz , Schmid Sandra L. , Mettlen Marcel 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), the major pathway for uptake into cells, is a multistep process involving a myriad of endocytic accessory proteins (EAPs). Although the biochemical activities of many EAPs have been extensively studied, their stage-specific role(s) during clathrin-coated pit (CCP) initiation, stabilization, and/or maturation are poorly defined. Here, using quantitative total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and a rigorous experimental and multiparametric analytical pipeline, we study the effect of CRISPR interference (CRISPRi)- or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of 67 individual EAPs on CCP dynamics. Our comprehensive analyses combined with unsupervised phenotypic clustering reveal the complex and overlapping roles of EAPs during early, critical stages of CME, providing a valuable resource to spur further research into their function.
Dynamics in wormhole spacetimes: a Jacobi metric approach
Authors: Argañaraz Marcos , Andino Oscar Lasso 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article deals with the study of the dynamics of particles in different wormhole geometries. Using the Jacobi metric approach we study the geodesic motion on the Morris–Thorne wormhole. We found the only stable circular orbit located at the throat. We show that the Gaussian curvature of the Jacobi metric is directly related with the wormhole flare-out condition. We provide a simple test for determining the existence of a throat in a spacetime by using the Gaussian curvature of the associated Jacobi metric only. We discuss about the trajectories in the Kepler problem in a wormhole background. Finally, we discuss about the restrictions over the stress–energy tensor imposed by the existence of elliptic orbits in the Kepler problem.
Electron–phonon coupling in APd3O4: A = Ca, Sr, and Sr0.85Li0.15
Authors: Poojitha Bommareddy , Reddy B H , Joshi Aprajita , Kumar Ankit , Ali Asif , Singh R S , Saha Surajit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Here we have investigated the role of electron phonon coupling on the Raman spectrum of narrow bandgap semiconductors APd3O4 (A = Ca, Sr) and hole-doped system Sr0.85Li0.15Pd3O4. Four Raman active phonons are observed at room temperature for all three compounds as predicted by factor group analysis. The lowest energy phonon (∼190/202 cm−1) associated with Pd vibrations is observed to exhibit an asymmetric Fano-like lineshape in all the three compounds, indicating the presence of an interaction between the phonon and the electronic continuum. The origin of the electronic continuum states and electron–phonon coupling are discussed based on our laser power- and temperature-dependent Raman results. We have observed an enhanced strength of electron–phonon coupling in Sr0.85Li0.15Pd3O4 at low temperatures which can be attributed to the metallicity in this doped compound.