bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in the estimated intake of acrylamide from food in the Japanese population
Authors: Kito Kumiko , Ishihara Junko , Yamamoto Junpei , Hosoda Takayuki , Kotemori Ayaka , Takachi Ribeka , Nakamura Kazutoshi , Tanaka Junta , Yamaji Taiki , Shimazu Taichi , Ishii Yuri , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Iso Hiroyasu , Sobue Tomotaka , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to concerns of carcinogenicity, it is necessary to assess long-term acrylamide exposure in individuals. Whether the available methods of estimating acrylamide intake can indicate long-term exposure remains unknown. We examined variations in the estimated dietary acrylamide intake of the Japanese population.MethodsThe study included 240 participants aged 40–74 years who were a part of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation (JPHC-NEXT). Twelve-day dietary records (DRs) were collected over a one-year period, and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were collected twice during the year. Dietary acrylamide intake was estimated from an acrylamide content database. Within-individual variations and between-individual variations were calculated using the random effects model. A linear regression analysis was performed to identify foods with large between-individual variations.ResultsThe ratios of within-individual variance to between-individual variation were 3.2 for men and 4.3 for women. Days of DRs required to estimate the usual individual intake within 20% of the true mean intake with 95% confidence were 60 days for men and 66 days for women. Coffee/cocoa, potato, and green tea contributed to between-individual variations, in that order, and seven foods contributed to 93% of the between-individual variation.ConclusionsEstimating the acrylamide intake using DRs requires an extended data collection period to estimate the intragroup ranking and habitual intake of individuals. Long-term exposure assessments should be based on methods with less potential for measurement errors, such as the use of biomarkers.
Biomechanical effect of a lateral hinge fracture for a medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: finite element study
Authors: Kang Kyoung-Tak , Koh Yong-Gon , Lee Jin-Ah , Lee Jae Jung , Kwon Sae Kwang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the biomechanical effect on the Takeuchi classification of lateral hinge fracture (LHF) after an opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO).MethodsWe performed an FE simulation for type I, type II, and type III in accordance with the Takeuchi classification. The stresses on the bone and plate, wedge micromotion, and forces on ligaments were evaluated to investigate stress-shielding effect, plate stability, and biomechanical change, respectively, in three different types of LHF HTO and with the HTO without LHF model (non-LHF) models.ResultsThe greatest stress-shielding effect and wedge micromotion were observed in type II LHF (distal portion fracture). The type II and type III (lateral plateau fracture) models exhibited a reduction in PCL force and an increase in ACL force compared with the HTO without LHF model. However, the type I (osteotomy line fracture) and HTO without LHF models did not exhibit a significant biomechanical effect. This study demonstrates that Takeuchi type II and type III LHF models provide unstable structures compared with the type I and HTO without LHF models.ConclusionsHTO should be performed while considering a medial opening wedge HTO to avoid a type II and type III LHF as a potential complication.
Immunoproteomic and mass spectrometric analysis of Eimeria acervulina antigens recognized by antisera from chickens infected with E. acervulina, E. tenella or E. necatrix
Authors: Liu Jin , Tuo Wenbin , Wu Xiangdong , Xiong Jiaming , Yu Enchao , Yin Chao , Ma Zhiwu , Liu Liheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoccidiosis is caused byEimeriaspp. and can result in severe economic losses to the global poultry industry. Due to anticoccidial drug resistance rapidly developing in the parasites and drug residues in poultry products, efficacious and safe alternative coccidia control measures are needed. The objective of the present study was to identify common protective antigens which may be used as vaccine candidates in the development of subunit, multivalent, cross-protective vaccines against most of the economically importantEimeriaspecies.MethodsWhole sporozoite proteins ofEimeria acervulinawere prepared and analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by western blotting using immune sera specific toE. tenella,E. acervulina, orE. necatrix. The protein spots detected by all three immune sera were then excised from the preparative gel and protein ID was performed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS.ResultsApproximately 620E. acervulinasporozoite protein spots were demonstrated by 2-DE with silver staining, among which 23 protein spots were recognized by immune sera specific to all threeEimeriaspecies. The results showed that 21 putativeE. acervulinaproteins were identified, which include proteins with known enzymatic properties, and those which are involved in protein translation, transport and trafficking, and ribosomal biogenesis and functions. There is one protein which may be involved in transcription and one heat-shock protein. Two proteins contain predicted domains, but with no apparent functions known. There were 2 protein spots which had no detectable proteins. None of the proteins has a predicted signal peptide or a transmembrane domain; however, 6 of the 21 putative proteins were predicted to be potentially secretory through the non-classical pathway.ConclusionsOur study identified a diverse group of antigens immunologically common to all threeEimeriaspecies, none of which was previously characterized and tested as a vaccine candidate. Further research on immunogenicity and cross-protective potential of these individual proteins as vaccine candidates will aid the development of vaccines against the most common and pathogenicEimeriaspp.
Can rumen bacteria communicate to each other?
Authors: Won Mi-Young , Oyama Linda B. , Courtney Stephen J. , Creevey Christopher J. , Huws Sharon A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The rumen contains a myriad of microbes whose primary role is to degrade and ferment dietary nutrients, which then provide the host with energy and nutrients. Rumen microbes commonly attach to ingested plant materials and form biofilms for effective plant degradation. Quorum sensing (QS) is a well-recognised form of bacterial communication in most biofilm communities, with homoserine lactone (AHL)-based QS commonly being used by Gram-negative bacteria alone and AI-2 Lux-based QS communication being used to communicate across Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. However, bacterial cell to cell communication in the rumen is poorly understood. In this study, rumen bacterial genomes from the Hungate collection and Genbank were prospected for QS-related genes. To check that the discovered QS genes are actually expressed in the rumen, we investigated expression levels in rumen metatranscriptome datasets.

Results
A total of 448 rumen bacterial genomes from the Hungate collection and Genbank, comprised of 311 Gram-positive, 136 Gram-negative and 1 Gram stain variable bacterium, were analysed. Abundance and distribution of AHL and AI-2 signalling genes showed that only one species (Citrobacter sp. NLAE-zl-C269) of a Gram-negative bacteria appeared to possess an AHL synthase gene, while the Lux-based genes (AI-2 QS) were identified in both Gram-positive and Gram-positive bacteria (191 genomes representing 38.2% of total genomes). Of these 192 genomes, 139 are from Gram-positive bactreetteria and 53 from Gram-negative bacteria. We also found that the genera Butyrivibrio, Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Pseudobutyrivibrio, which are well known as the most abundant bacterial genera in the rumen, possessed the most lux-based AI-2 QS genes. Gene expression levels within the metatranscriptome dataset showed that Prevotella, in particular, expressed high levels of LuxS synthase suggesting that this genus plays an important role in QS within the rumen.

Conclusion
This is the most comprehensive study of QS in the rumen microbiome to date. This study shows that AI-2-based QS is rife in the rumen. These results allow a greater understanding on plant-microbe interactions in the rumen.
Effects of microplastics and salinity on food waste processing by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae
Authors: Cho Sam , Kim Chul-Hwan , Kim Min-Ji , Chung Haegeun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is gaining attention as an efficient decomposer of food waste. However, recalcitrant compounds such as plastics mixed into food waste may have negative effects on its growth and survival. Moreover, its efficiency of food waste degradation may also be affected by plastics. In addition, salt (NaCl) can also be present in high concentrations, which also reduces the efficiency of H. illucens-mediated food waste treatment. In this study, we assessed the growth of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) reared on food waste containing polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) and NaCl. The weight of BSFL was measured every 2–4 days. Survival and substrate reduction rates and pupation ratio were determined at the end of the experiment.

Results
The total larval weight of Hermetia illucens reared on food waste containing PS was greater than that of the control on days 20 and 24. However, the survival rate was lower in the group treated with 5% PS, as was substrate reduction in all PS-treated groups. The weight of BSFL reared on food waste containing PE was lower than that of the control on day 6. PE in food waste did not affect the survival rate, but the pupation ratio increased and substrate consumption decreased with increasing PE concentrations. Regardless of the plastic type, the addition of NaCl resulted in decreased larval weight and pupation ratio.

Conclusions
Larval growth of black soldier fly was inhibited not by plastics but by substrate salinity. Additional safety assessments of larvae reared on food waste containing impurities are needed to enable wider application of BSFL in vermicomposting.
Clinical and Genetic Risk Prediction of Cognitive Impairment After Blood or Marrow Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancy
Authors: Sharafeldin Noha , Richman Joshua , Bosworth Alysia , Chen Yanjun , Singh Purnima , Patel Sunita K. , Wang Xuexia , Francisco Liton , Forman Stephen J. , Wong F. Lennie , Bhatia Smita 
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE Using a candidate gene approach, we tested the hypothesis that individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene-level variants are associated with cognitive impairment in patients with hematologic malignancies treated with blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) and that inclusion of these SNPs improves risk prediction beyond that offered by clinical and demographic characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the discovery cohort, BMT recipients underwent a standardized battery of neuropsychological tests pre-BMT and at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years post-BMT. Associations between 68 candidate genes and cognitive impairment were assessed using generalized estimating equation models. Elastic-Net regression was used to build Base (sociodemographic), Clinical, and Combined (Base plus Clinical plus genetic) risk prediction models of post-BMT impairment. An independent nonoverlapping cohort from the BMT Survivor Study with self-report of learning/memory problems (as identified by their health care provider) was used for model replication. RESULTS The discovery cohort included 277 participants (58.5% males; 68.6% non-Hispanic whites; and 46.6% allogeneic BMT recipients). Adjusting for BMT type, age at BMT, sex, race/ethnicity, and cognitive reserve, SNPs in the blood-brain barrier, telomere homeostasis, and DNA repair genes were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Compared with the Clinical Model, the Combined Model had higher predictive power in both the discovery cohort (mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.93 v 0.77; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.83; P = 1.24 × 10−9) and the replication cohort (AUC, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.76 v 0.63; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.68; P = .004). CONCLUSION Inclusion of candidate genetic variants enhanced the prediction of risk of post-BMT cognitive impairment beyond that offered by demographic/clinical characteristics and represents a step toward a personalized approach to managing patients at high risk for cognitive impairment after BMT.
Putting The Pieces Together Again: American States and the End of the ACA's Shared Responsibility Payment
Authors: Gais Thomas L. , Gusmano Michael K. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) eliminated the ACA's “shared responsibility payment,” which penalized those who failed to comply with the requirement to purchase health insurance. In this article the authors explain efforts in several states to respond to this change by adopting individual health insurance mandates at the state level. Although there are good reasons to think that states may be reluctant to consider establishing their own mandates, New Jersey, the District of Columbia, and Vermont quickly joined Massachusetts in establishing such measures in 2018. In 2019 California and Rhode Island enacted state-level mandates. Four other states—Maryland, Connecticut, Hawaii, and Washington—formally considered mandates but have not enacted them. The authors compare the policy debates among these states and one other state, New York, which has not seen a legislative proposal for a mandate despite its strong support for the ACA. Their analysis explores the dynamics within the US federal system when a key component of a complex and politically salient national initiative is eliminated and states are left with many policy, political, and administrative questions of what to do next.
Molecular regulation of the plasma membrane-proximal cellular steps involved in NK cell cytolytic function
Authors: Phatarpekar Prasad V. , Billadeau Daniel D. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Natural killer (NK) cells, cytolytic lymphocytes of the innate immune system, play a crucial role in the immune response against infection and cancer. NK cells kill target cells through exocytosis of lytic granules that contain cytotoxic proteins, such as perforin and granzymes. Formation of a functional immune synapse, i.e. the interface between the NK cell and its target cell enhances lysis through accumulation of polymerized F-actin at the NK cell synapse, leading to convergence of lytic granules to the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and its subsequent polarization along microtubules to deliver the lytic granules to the synapse. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms regulating the cellular processes that occur after the lytic granules are delivered to the cytotoxic synapse. We outline how – once near the synapse – the granules traverse the clearings created by F-actin remodeling to dock, tether and fuse with the plasma membrane in order to secrete their lytic content into the synaptic cleft through exocytosis. Further emphasis is given to the role of Ca2+ mobilization during degranulation and, whenever applicable, we compare these mechanisms in NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) as adaptive immune system effectors.
Lower-Limb Biomechanics in Football Players with and without Hip-related Pain
Authors: KING MATTHEW G. , SEMCIW ADAM I. , SCHACHE ANTHONY G. , MIDDLETON KANE J. , HEEREY JOSHUA J. , SRITHARAN PRASANNA , SCHOLES MARK J. , MENTIPLAY BENJAMIN F. , CROSSLEY KAY M. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the differences in lower-limb biomechanics between adult subelite competitive football players with and without hip-related pain during two contrasting tasks—walking and single-leg drop jump (SLDJ)—and to determine whether potential differences, if present, are sex dependent.

Methods
Eighty-eight football players with hip-related pain (23 women, 65 men) and 30 asymptomatic control football players (13 women, 17 men) who were currently participating in competitive sport were recruited. Biomechanical data were collected for the stance phase of walking and SLDJ. Pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle angles, as well as the impulse of the external joint moments, were calculated. Differences between groups and sex-specific effects were calculated using linear regression models.

Results
Compared with their asymptomatic counterparts, football players with hip-related pain displayed a lower average pelvic drop angle during walking (P = 0.03) and a greater average pelvic hike angle during SLDJ (P < 0.05). Men with hip-related pain displayed a smaller total range of motion (excursion) for the transverse plane pelvis angle (P = 0.03) and a smaller impulse of the hip external rotation moment (P < 0.01) during walking compared with asymptomatic men. Women with hip-related pain displayed a greater total range of motion (excursion) for the sagittal plane knee angle (P = 0.01) during walking compared with asymptomatic women.

Conclusion
Overall, few differences were observed in lower-limb biomechanics between football players with and without hip-related pain, irrespective of the task. This outcome suggests that, despite the presence of symptoms, impairments in lower-limb biomechanics during function do not appear to be a prominent feature of people with hip-related pain who are still participating in sport.
Profiles of Heart Rate Variability and Bar Velocity after Resistance Exercise
Authors: DOBBS WARD C. , FEDEWA MICHAEL V. , MACDONALD HAYLEY V. , TOLUSSO DANILO V. , ESCO MICHAEL R. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The aim of this investigation was to observe the association in the time course in recovery between multiple heart rate variability (HRV) metrics and neuromuscular performance, as assessed by mean bar velocity (BVM) in the back squat, over a 72-h period after an exhaustive back squat protocol.

Methods
Eight resistance-trained males completed five laboratory visits within a 7-d period. The first visit involved short-term HRV recordings followed by a familiarization of BVM procedures and a one-repetition maximum test of the back squat. Forty-eight hours later, participants returned to the laboratory for prestimulus measurements, immediately followed by a back squat protocol (8 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of one-repetition maximum with a 2-min rest). The HRV and the BVM measurements were replicated at 0.5, 24, 48, and 72 h after squat protocol. A multivariate profile analysis and repeated-measures correlation between recovery scores [(new/prestimulus) × 100] for each HRV metric and BVM was computed.

Results
All log-transformed (ln) HRV metrics, except low frequency (lnLF) (P = 0.051), had a significant interaction with BVM over time (P < 0.05), indicating that recovery scores in BVM and HRV were not parallel. In addition, recovery scores in all HRV metrics significantly differed from BVM (P < 0.05) in at least one time point across the 72-h period. Furthermore, repeated-measures correlation analysis indicated a lack of intraindividual association (P > 0.05) between the change in BVM and all HRV measurements over time.

Conclusion
The time course in recovery in HRV measurements after an exhaustive bout of lower-body resistance exercise was not associated with neuromuscular performance recovery.
Leucine Supplementation Has No Further Effect on Training-induced Muscle Adaptations
Authors: DE ANDRADE ISABEL THOMAZI , GUALANO BRUNO , HEVIA-LARRAÍN VICTORIA , NEVES-JUNIOR JUAREZ , CAJUEIRO MONIQUE , JARDIM FELIPE , GOMES RODRIGO LEITE , ARTIOLI GUILHERME GIANNINI , PHILLIPS STUART M. , CAMPOS-FERRAZ PATRÍCIA , ROSCHEL HAMILTON 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Several acute studies have suggested that leucine is a key amino acid to drive muscle protein synthesis. However, there are very few studies on the long-term effects of leucine supplementation on resistance training (RT)–induced gains in muscle mass and strength. We sought to determine the impact of 10 g of leucine on muscle mass and strength in response to RT in healthy young men.

Methods
Twenty-five, resistance-trained men (27 ± 5 yr; 78.4 ± 11.6 kg; 24.8 ± 3.0 kg·m−2) consuming 1.8 ± 0.4 g protein·kg−1·d−1, were randomly assigned to receive 2 × 5 g·d−1 supplementation of either free leucine (LEU n = 12) or alanine (PLA n = 13) while undergoing a supervised 12-wk, twice-weekly lower-limb RT program. One-repetition maximum (leg-press 1RM) and muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) of the vastus lateralis were determined before (PRE) and after (POST) the intervention. Additionally, three 24-h dietary recalls were also performed at PRE and POST.

Results
Protein intake was roughly double that of the RDA in both groups and remained unchanged across time with no differences detected between groups. Similar increases were observed between groups in leg-press 1RM (LEU, 19.0% ± 9.4% and PLA, 21.0% ± 10.4%, P = 0.31) and mCSA (LEU, 8.0% ± 5.6% and PLA, 8.4% ± 5.1%, P = 0.77).

Conclusions
High-dose leucine supplementation did not enhance gains in muscle strength and mass after a 12-wk RT program in young resistance-trained males consuming adequate amounts of dietary protein.
Physical Activity and Mortality among Male Survivors of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: AL-SHAAR LAILA , LI YANPING , RIMM ERIC B. , MANSON JOANN E. , ROSNER BERNARD , HU FRANK B. , STAMPFER MEIR J. , WILLETT WALTER C. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
An inverse association between physical activity (PA) and risk of CHD has been seen in many studies, but evidence for benefits of PA after myocardial infarction (MI) in reducing mortality is limited.

Methods
Using data from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study cohort, we followed male survivors of MI. Short- and long-term changes in PA from before to after MI were calculated, and participants without ambulation impairment were classified into maintained low, decreased, increased, or maintained high PA categories. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality across PA and PA change categories.

Results
During a mean of 14 yr of follow-up of 1651 incident nonfatal MI cases, we documented 678 deaths, 307 were due to cardiovascular disease. The adjusted HR for all-cause mortality comparing ≥21 with ≤1.5 MET·wk−1 of PA before MI was 0.73 (95% CI = 0.59–0.89, P
trend = 0.03). Compared with men who maintained low PA before and after MI, men who maintained high PA had a 39% (95% CI = 25–50) lower risk of all-cause mortality, and those who had a long-term increase in PA from before to after MI had a 27% (95% CI = 6–43) lower risk. Walking for ≥30 min·d−1 after MI was associated with a 29% lower mortality (HR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58–0.84), independent of walking pace, and walking pace after MI was inversely associated with mortality (HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.49–0.92).

Conclusions
Maintaining a high PA or having a long-term increase in PA from before to after MI was associated with lower mortality among male MI survivors. Walking time and walking pace after MI were each inversely associated with mortality.