bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis identifies amino acids critical for citrus tristeza virus (T36CA) encoded proteins involved in suppression of RNA silencing and differential systemic infection in two plant species
Authors: Chen Angel Y. S. , Peng James H. C. , Polek MaryLou , Tian Tongyan , Ludman Márta , Fátyol Károly , Ng James C. K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractComplementary (c)DNA clones corresponding to the full‐length genome of T36CA (a Californian isolate of Citrus tristeza virus with the T36 genotype), which shares 99.1% identity with that of T36FL (a T36 isolate from Florida), were made into a vector system to express the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Agroinfiltration of two prototype T36CA‐based vectors (pT36CA) to Nicotiana benthamiana plants resulted in local but not systemic GFP expression/viral infection. This contrasted with agroinfiltration of the T36FL‐based vector (pT36FL), which resulted in both local and systemic GFP expression/viral infection. A prototype T36CA systemically infected RNA silencing‐defective N. benthamiana lines, demonstrating that a genetic basis for its defective systemic infection was RNA silencing. We evaluated the in planta bioactivity of chimeric pT36CA‐pT36FL constructs and the results suggested that nucleotide variants in several open reading frames of the prototype T36CA could be responsible for its defective systemic infection. A single amino acid substitution in each of two silencing suppressors, p20 (S107G) and p25 (G36D), of prototype T36CA facilitated its systemic infectivity in N. benthamiana (albeit with reduced titre relative to that of T36FL) but not in Citrus macrophylla plants. Enhanced virus accumulation and, remarkably, robust systemic infection of T36CA in N. benthamiana and C. macrophylla plants, respectively, required two additional amino acid substitutions engineered in p65 (N118S and S158L), a putative closterovirus movement protein. The availability of pT36CA provides a unique opportunity for comparative analysis to identify viral coding and noncoding nucleotides or sequences involved in functions that are vital for in planta infection.
Carbohydrate depletion in roots impedes phosphorus nutrition in young forest trees
Authors: Clausing Simon , Pena Rodica , Song Bin , Müller Karolin , Mayer‐Gruner Paula , Marhan Sven , Grafe Martin , Schulz Stefanie , Krüger Jaane , Lang Friederike , Schloter Michael , Kandeler Ellen , Polle Andrea 
Published: October 2020

SummaryNutrient imbalances cause the deterioration of tree health in European forests, but the underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigated the consequences of decreasing root carbohydrate reserves for phosphorus (P) mobilisation and uptake by forest trees.In P‐rich and P‐poor beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests, naturally grown, young trees were girdled and used to determine root, ectomycorrhizal and microbial activities related to P mobilisation in the organic layer and mineral topsoil in comparison with those in nongirdled trees.After girdling, root carbohydrate reserves decreased. Root phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities linking carbon and P metabolism increased. Root and ectomycorrhizal phosphatase activities and the abundances of bacterial genes catalysing major steps in P turnover increased, but soil enzymes involved in P mobilisation were unaffected. The physiological responses to girdling were stronger in P‐poor than in P‐rich forests. P uptake was decreased after girdling. The soluble and total P concentrations in roots were stable, but fine root biomass declined after girdling.Our results support that carbohydrate depletion results in reduced P uptake, enhanced internal P remobilisation and root biomass trade‐off to compensate for the P shortage. As reductions in root biomass render trees more susceptible to drought, our results link tree deterioration with disturbances in the P supply as a consequence of decreased belowground carbohydrate allocation.
Acute conduction recurrence of mitral isthmus: Incidence, clinical characteristics, and implications
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Peng Shi , Xu Juan , Wang Rui , Pang Lingpin , Zhou Genqing , Wei Yong , Cai Lidong , Wu Xiaoyu , Guo Shuai , Huang Dayang , Li Wenhua , Huang Shi'an , Liu Shaowen , Chen Songwen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundData on the incidence, clinical characteristics, and implications of acute conduction recurrence during mitral isthmus (MI) ablation are scarce.MethodsMI ablation was performed in patients with atrial fibrillation. After confirming bidirectional conduction block, the acute conduction recurrence of MI was systematically evaluated. Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics were analyzed.ResultsA total of 66 consecutive patients in whom bidirectional conduction block of MI was achieved were prospectively enrolled in a single center. Acute conduction recurrence of MI developed in 12 (18.2%) patients within 14.2 ± 11.5 minutes after the confirmation of bidirectional conduction block. There were two recurrent conduction breakthrough sites of MI along the course of the great cardiac vein (4.5 ± 3.5 min) in two patients and 11 along the course of the ligament of Marshall (LOM) (16.0 ± 11.6 min, P = .035) in 11 patients. LOM accounted for most (84.6%, 11/13) acute MI conduction recurrence. MI length, total ablation time, and procedure time for MI were greater in patients with acute conduction recurrence than in those without acute conduction recurrence. During follow‐up, arrhythmia recurrences were less observed in patients with acute conduction when compared to patients without acute conduction recurrence (0% vs 26.4%, P = .055).ConclusionAcute conduction recurrence, predominantly due to recurrent LOM conduction, was a common phenomenon during MI ablation, and its evaluation should therefore be the focus to improve MI ablation efficacy and durability.
Anesthesia in the modern world of apps and technology: Implications and impact on wellness
Authors: Lo Calvin , Yu Julie , Görges Matthias , Matava Clyde 
Published: October 2020

SummaryRecent decades have seen an unprecedented leap in digital innovation, with far‐reaching implications in healthcare. Anesthesiologists have historically championed the adoption of new technologies. However, the rapid evolution of these technologies has outpaced attempts at studying their potential impact on healthcare providers' well‐being. This document introduces several categories of workplace technologies commonly encountered by the anesthesiologist. We examine examples of novel technology and the impact of these digital interventions on the anesthesiologist's well‐being. We also review popular personalized technology aimed at improving wellness and the impact on well‐being examined. Finally, technology acceptance models are introduced to improve technology adoption, which, when appropriately applied, may minimize the negative impacts of technology on anesthesiologists' well‐being. Incorporating quantitative, serial assessments of well‐being as part of technology implementation are proposed as a future direction for examining the wellness impact of technology on anesthesiologists.
The dual interplay of RAV5 in activating nitrate reductases and repressing catalase activity to improve disease resistance in cassava
Authors: Yan Yu , Wang Peng , Wei Yunxie , Bai Yujing , Lu Yi , Zeng Hongqiu , Liu Guoyin , Reiter Russel J. , He Chaozu , Shi Haitao 
Published: October 2020

SummaryCassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) seriously affects cassava yield. Nitrate reductase (NR) plays an important role in plant nitrogen metabolism in plants. However, the in vivo role of NR and the corresponding signalling pathway remain unclear in cassava. In this study, we isolated MeNR1/2 and revealed their novel upstream transcription factor MeRAV5. We also identified MeCatalase1 (MeCAT1) as the interacting protein of MeRAV5. In addition, we investigated the role of MeCatalase1 and MeRAV5‐MeNR1/2 module in cassava defence response. MeNRs positively regulates cassava disease resistance against CBB through modulation of nitric oxide (NO) and extensive transcriptional reprogramming especially in mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. Notably, MeRAV5 positively regulates cassava disease resistance through the coordination of NO and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level. On the one hand, MeRAV5 directly activates the transcripts of MeNRs and NO level by binding to CAACA motif in the promoters of MeNRs. On the other hand, MeRAV5 interacts with MeCAT1 to inhibit its activity, so as to negatively regulate endogenous H2O2 level. This study highlights the precise coordination of NR activity and CAT activity by MeRAV5 through directly activating MeNRs and interacting with MeCAT1 in plant immunity.
Pediatric lung transplant: Correlation of pretransplant condition with post‐transplant outcomes
Authors: Freiberger Dawn , Gould Delaney Anne , Forbes Peter , Manley Donna , Visner Gary A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is generally accepted that patients who have greater functional capacity are better candidates for lung transplantation. Accurate assessment of physical condition is important in identifying appropriate candidates for transplant. The focus of this study was to determine which measures of pretransplant physical condition correlate with positive post‐transplant outcomes in children undergoing lung transplant.MethodsA retrospective chart review was done on 44 patients, ages 5 to 21 years. The pretransplant data collected included functional status, 6MWT, ambulatory status, and mechanical support. Post‐transplant outcome data included time on the ventilator, days in the ICU, length of hospitalization, and 12‐month survival.ResultsResults were analyzed using Fisher exact and Kruskal‐Wallis tests. Patients with limited ambulation had more days in the ICU compared to the most ambulatory group (P = .043). Patients independent or needing some help with ADL had less time on the ventilator compared to patients needing total help. (P = .014). Patients with 6MWT result greater than 500’ had fewer ICU days (P = .044) and marginally better 12‐month survival (P = .057). The 12‐month survival of children needing invasive ventilatory support pretransplant was not significantly worse than those who did not; however, they required significantly more time on the ventilator (P = .004), days in ICU (P = .013), and longer hospitalization.DiscussionThis study demonstrated that pretransplant physical condition affects post‐transplant outcomes in children. Measures associated with positive post‐transplant outcomes were identified and could be beneficial in determining which patients are optimal candidates for lung transplant.
Pathogenic and genetic variability of Ralstonia solanacearum strains from the Philippines
Authors: Villa Joselito E. , Horita Mitsuo , Hyakumachi Mitsuro , Tsuchiya Kenichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the Philippines, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important diseases affecting vegetables and banana. In this study, 89 strains of R. solanacearum isolated from various hosts were screened for their biovar, phylotype, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity. Foreign strains were included for comparison with these Philippine strains. Results of the biochemical and multiplex‐PCR tests divided the Philippine strains into five biovars (1, 2, 3, 4, and N2) and three phylotypes (I, II, and IV). Three potato strains belonged to biovar N2/phylotype IV. Pathogenicity tests divided the strains into five pathogenicity types based on their virulence in tomato, potato, eggplant, sweet pepper, and tobacco. Strains classified as biovar N2 were weakly pathogenic to potato (pathogenicity type III) and almost all strains isolated from banana were not pathogenic to the test plants except potato (pathogenicity type V). The results of AFLP analysis divided the strains into four clusters. Cluster 1 was composed of strains isolated from solanaceous crops, ginger (Zingiber officinale), and Morus sp. from the Philippines and other Asian countries. Cluster 2 grouped the potato strains (biovar N2) from the Philippines and Japan and blood disease bacterium strains from Indonesia. Cluster 3 contained the local and foreign strains isolated from potato (biovar 2) and banana (biovar 1). Cluster 4 consisted only of the tomato strain from the USA.
Electrophysiological dynamics of visuocortical processing in hoarding disorder
Authors: Liu Na , Zakrzewski Jessica J. , Mathews Carol A. , Keil Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIndividuals with hoarding disorder (HD) typically perform worse than peers on neuropsychological tasks involving visual perception. Functional neuroimaging shows diffusely increased activity in the visual cortex, consistent with inefficient visual processing in HD. The temporal locus of these inefficiencies in HD is unknown. This study examined the temporal unfolding of visual event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) to help better define the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying visual dysfunction in HD. Thirty‐three individuals with HD and 35 healthy controls (HC) were assessed using a 64‐channel EEG during a modified flanker task. Permutation‐controlled analyses were conducted to detect group differences in visual evoked ERPs on a millisecond‐to‐millisecond basis. Bayesian ANCOVAs and linear regressions that included hoarding and age were conducted to identify the best‐fit model for the identified VEPs, compared to a null model that included depression and anxiety severity. Three temporal regions (175 ms, 270 ms, and 440 ms), showed differences in amplitude between HD and HC and were consistent with ERP components N1, P1/N2, and a late negative slow wave (LNSW), respectively. After controlling for depression and anxiety, HD demonstrated an enhanced ERP amplitude at N1 and an attenuated amplitude in LNSW compared to HC but did not show differences at P1/N2. For the N1 and LNSW, there was also a primary effect of the interaction between hoarding and age. This study indicates that altered visuocortical reactivity in HD first occurs at the level of visuocortical processing after 170 ms, indicating alterations of middle and later, but not early, processing in occipitotemporal visual cortex.
The effects of health coaching on frequent attenders’ adherence to health regimens and lifestyle factors: a quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Kivelä Kirsi , Elo Satu , Kyngäs Helvi , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: October 2020

AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nurse‐led health coaching on adherence to health regimens and lifestyle factors among frequent attenders in primary health care.MethodsOne hundred and ten patients were enrolled in the quasi‐experimental study. The experimental group (n = 52) received nurse‐led health coaching and the control group (n = 58) received conventional care at primary healthcare centres between 2015 and 2016. Data were collected before the intervention and 12 months afterwards using a questionnaire on adherence to health regimens and lifestyle factors. The intervention consisted of individual health coaching provided by a nurse, health‐coaching sessions, and a written action plan.ResultsFrequent attenders exhibited good adherence to health regimens. After the intervention, there were no significant differences in adherence to health regimens and/or lifestyle factors between the experimental and control groups. However, nurse‐led health coaching improved adherence to health regimens and physical activity in the experimental group.ConclusionNurse‐led health coaching appears to promote participation and adherence to health regimens among frequent attenders at primary healthcare facilities. Before starting the health‐coaching programme, it is recommended to carefully specify the content of health coaching and test the nurses’ health‐coaching competence.
Effects of Charter School Competition on District School Budgeting Decisions: Experimental Evidence from Texas
Authors: DeAngelis Corey A. , Barnard Christian 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe effects of competition from public charter schools on district school budget decisions are theoretically ambiguous. Competitive pressures could increase desired budget autonomy since they give district school leaders more flexibility; however, competition could decrease desired budget autonomy if district school leaders are generally riskaverse or if they believe that central office staff are in better positions to make school‐level budget decisions. Competitive pressures could also increase or decrease changes in school‐level spending depending on school leaders’ beliefs about how to efficiently allocate resources.MethodsWe randomly assign surveys to district school leaders in Texas in the 2019–2020 school year to determine the effects of anticipated competition from public charter schools on reported desire for budget autonomy and expectations about future school‐level spending decisions.ResultsWe find the first experimental evidence to suggest that anticipated charter school competition has large negative effects on school leaders’ reported spending on certain categories of support staff, and reduces, or has no effect on, the reported desire for more school‐level budget autonomy. The negative effects on spending for support staff tend to be larger for school leaders with more experience.ConclusionAlthough more research is needed, these results suggest that competition from public charter schools could lead to reductions in spending for certain categories in district‐run public schools if school leaders have the autonomy to make budget decisions.
Design and evaluation of Taqman low density array for monitoring post‐transplant viral infections
Authors: Cleland Alexander , Malloy Kristen , Donnelly Mhairi C. , Davidson Janice , Simpson Kenneth J. , Petrik Juraj 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of transplant recipients undergo immunosuppressive treatment to prevent organ or tissue rejection. Consequently, they are more susceptible to infection agents including a number of viruses causing a significant morbidity and mortality. Only a limited number of viruses are currently tested for in transplant donors and recipients due to the cost and complexity. Taqman low density array (TLDA) may provide a suitable format to address more systematic testing approach.MethodsOne hundred and one liver transplant recipient samples were retrospectively tested for 48 viral targets including two controls (bovine viral diarrhea virus and MS2) and two common viruses (TTV and HPgV), using a custom designed TLDA. Eight samples were analysed simultaneously on 384‐well TLDA. Samples giving a signal considered positive/indeterminant were re‐tested by different individual confirmatory assays.ResultsInfections with six previously untested for viruses—EBV, HPIV3, HuPuV9, KIV, HMPV and HPV—were detected in fourteen patients. Previously detected HCV infections were also confirmed. These infections did not seem have an effect on 5 year post‐transplant outcome. 55 of 79 and 17 of 87 samples available for confirmatory assays were positive for TTV and HPgV, included for the evaluation of the TLDA performance.ConclusionsThe custom viral TLDA can be successfully used for simultaneous detection of a range of post‐transplant viral infections. To fully exploit its potential for monitoring and intervention, a whole blood testing should be applied in a prospective setting.
SMIM1 missense mutations exert their effect on wild type Vel expression late in erythroid differentiation
Authors: van der Rijst Marea V. E. , Abay Asena , Aglialoro Francesca , van der Schoot C. Ellen , van den Akker Emile 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundVel expression on erythrocytes is variable due to polymorphisms, complicating Vel typing. Weak Vel expression can be caused by mutations within SMIM1 in a heterozygous setting, suggesting a dominant negative effect of SMIM1 mutants on wild type (wt)SMIM1 expression. Here we report how SMIM1 expression is regulated during erythropoiesis, to understand its variable expression on erythrocytes.Study Design and MethodsPeripheral blood reticulocytes at different stages, cultured erythroid precursors and HEK293T cells were used to investigate expression and putative competition between wtSMIM1 and mutated SMIM1 VEL*01W.01, (c.152T>A (p.Met51Lys)), VEL*01W.02 (c.152T>G (p.Met51Arg)), and VEL*01W.03 (c.161T>C (p.Leu54Pro)).ResultsDepending on the mutations in SMIM1 an effect on total and membrane expression of SMIM1 was observed in transfected HEK293T cells, but co‐expression of wtSMIM1 and mutatedSMIM1 did not have an effect on wtSMIM1 membrane expression. During differentiation of donors expressing VEL*01W.01, VEL*01W.03, Vel‐positive, Vel‐negative (homozygote SMIM1*64_80del), and Vel‐heterozygote SMIM1*64_80del primary human erythroblasts no overt defect was found in Vel expression dynamics or total SMIM1 expression levels when compared with wtSMIM1 erythroblasts. However, during enucleation, total Vel expression was significantly lower on reticulocytes of Vel‐weak donors expressing heterozygote mutated SMIM1 compared to Vel‐positive or Vel‐heterozygote SMIM1*64_80del donors, while Vel expression on extruded nuclei was maintained. In addition, reticulocyte maturation in vivo showed further loss of Vel expression in these individuals and nearly absent on erythrocytes.ConclusionThese results suggest that SMIM1 mutations exert a dominant negative effect on wtSMIM1 probably by affecting SMIM1 multimerization and thereby Vel epitope presentation at the latest stages of erythroid differentiation.
Product‐level estimates of exchange rate pass‐through: Evidence from Turkey*☆
Authors: Akgunduz Yusuf Emre , Bastan Emine Meltem , Demiroglu Ufuk , Tumen Semih 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe estimate the export and import pass‐through rates using product‐level data from Turkey. We find that the Turkish lira (TRY) exchange rate changes are mostly passed on to TRY prices of exports and imports—and, therefore, modestly to their prices in trading partners' currencies. The rate of average pass‐through to TRY prices is estimated at 89% for imported goods and 82% for exported goods, with no apparent lags in the impact. Pass‐through estimates by sector show variation and are relatively low for food and agricultural products. We argue that the fine‐grained product‐level data enable us to estimate the pass‐through rates with better reliability and precision than we could by using only aggregated time‐series data. We also introduce a pooled equation to estimate the difference between the export and import pass‐through rates—a potentially useful statistic—in a way that allows for statistical inference.