bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distressed Glamour. Genres and Political-Social Context in Hungarian Cinema of the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Pápai Zsolt 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe article focuses on Hungarian films produced between 1939–1944 by examining how they tend to refrain from representing conflicts, and scrutinizing the political as well as social issues. However, directors started to revise this avoidance of conflicts by employing a so-called noir sensibility from the beginning of the Second World War in certain films, especially in “doomed love movies” such asDeadly Spring(Halálos tavasz, 1939),Mountain Girl(A hegyek lánya, 1942), andA Woman Looks Back(Egy assszony visszanéz, 1942), or melodramas, such asAt the Crossroads(Keresztúton, 1942),Lent Life(Kölcsönadott élet, 1943), andBlack Dawn(Fekete hajnal, 1943). The essay also offers a case study of the banned Hungarian movieHalf a Boy(Egy fiúnak a fele, shot in 1943, but only shown in February 1946) by D. Ákos Hamza, which represented and protested against the stigmatization of Jewish people.Half a Boyis an often-cited emblematic film of its era. It is also an enigmatic one: it is a work full of social and political-historical reflections. Its humanistic point of view makes it outstanding in its era, nevertheless it is also rather ambivalent in terms of its orientation of values.
About the System of Prejudices among the Hungarian Youth in Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, and Ukraine
Authors: Sólyom Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study is focused on the relationship between the youth and other social groups based on the data of the GeneZYs 2019 study. The study asked 15–29-year-olds from four countries regarding how appealing or unappealing they feel 24 different social groups. Research results show that several social groups, e.g., homosexuals, migrants/refugees, skinheads, drug users, are especially perceived as relatively repulsive/distasteful by the youth of the studied countries. Starting from theoretical and empirical antecedents, the author presumed that the low level of openness among the youth could be explained by several factors such as socio-demographic background, religiosity, value orientation, and sources of information. Based on empirical results, the author takes an analytical approach on the population under study. The goal of the study is to exceed the level of a partial analysis and to explore a typology while redefining the relationship between the motivation factors of prejudices. The hypotheses were partially confirmed. Compared to the author’s expectations, the typology of young people based on their attitudes towards otherness seems to be harder to explain. Three groups were identified: a smaller one which feels others being appealing, a larger one with a neutral attitude towards others and which sympathizes less with Hungarian groups than the average, and a mediumsized third group which dislikes otherness. From the characterization of the groups, one can discover that among those who dislike otherness, the overrepresented categories are: men, young people from rural areas, those who finished secondary education level, those economically active, young people from Ukraine, atheists, those who did not study abroad, people who suffered from discrimination experiences, young people with regional Hungarian and/or Hungarian identity, people who are not satisfied with the national economy and interethnic relations, and those who see the future in a pessimistic way.
Burnout and Depression in Medical Assistants in State-Owned Healthcare Institutions in Romania
Authors: Sántha Ágnes , Lukács-Márton Réka , Vingender István 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Similarly to other countries in the Eastern European Region, the situation of medical assistants in Romania is fairly difficult. Due to the lack of personnel, health professionals are typically overwhelmed with work. The Quality of Life Research Centre at Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania conducted a non-representative survey among medical assistants in Romanian state-owned healthcare institutions. The sample size is 312 Romanian and Hungarian speaking nurses from six counties. The present study problematizes the mental health of medical assistants, more precisely burnout and depression, along demographic, social, and labour market features. The determinants of burnout and depression are being searched for among these structural and situational variables, and their controlled impact is being assessed with linear regression. Results indicate an excessive risk of burnout and depression for nurses with lower-qualification working in outpatient care. Differences in the mental health of medical assistants echo to a large extent social inequalities, so that controlled for covariates, household income has a significant impact upon burnout and depression. From demographic agents, the protective effect of partnership is outstanding, and the number of supportive relationships is a protective factor of its own right against both burnout and depression. Female assistants are more at risk for depression but not for burnout, whereas workload increases the risk of burnout but not of depression. The analysis takes sides of the distinctness of burnout and depression. Although both syndromes are largely influenced by social features, burnout seems to be more situationally influenced whereas depression more structurally affected.
Collaboration and Networking in Adult Education and Training. A Case Study
Authors: Kiss Adél 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe article discusses the analysis of the available resources in thePro Educatione Network of Adult Education and Training. The study unveils the provided human resources, economic potential, organizational capacities and relationships as well as the surplus by the network of the 15 adult education organizations. The results show that networking brings access to different resources for network members. Half of the network member organizations affirm intense relationships, i.e. they often call for the collaboration of network member organizations for their adult education and training programmes, and significant co-creation activities are taking place. Despite the fact that several network member organizations have limited resources for the operation of adult education, they achieve significant efficiency; in other words, they can reach out to a considerable number of adult learners through their education and training programmes. The analysis identified passive, moderately active, and very active network members. It also identified areas with deficits in networking.
The Digital Space Dimension in Education. A Review on a Pilot Research
Authors: Szabó Dóra , Dani Erzsébet 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Following a short review on the importance and challenges of digital education, we review some of the findings of a study which we conducted on the basis of an online survey among students of the teacher-training programme at the University of Debrecen (for the purposes of a pilot project) in 2019. The 75 respondents were between 18 and 23 years of age and mostly students of humanities and natural sciences. The survey is obviously not representative, its function being to serve as a ground of a pilot survey to further our work and to extend it to other universities. Among others, the results show that 62.7% of the students learnt the use of digital tools by self-improvement; the majority of future teachers (85.3%) are willing and motivated to use ICT tools in the context of education. The question regarding the importance of reading in a digital world showed that almost each of the respondents considered reading to remain an important activity. In order to make reading attractive, respondents emphasized the need to renew compulsory literature and to use digital tools for reading.
Microscopic Analysis of Activated Sludge in Industrial Textile Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Paździor Katarzyna , Bilińska Lucyna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The relationship between a quality of activated sludge microbiota and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operational stability has been defined in the past few decades. However, this dependence is not so clear in the case of industrial wastewater treatment. In this article, a very specific example of industrial textile wastewater treatment plant (ITWTP) is analyzed. Textile effluents are well known as highly contaminated wastewater containing many biodegradable compounds. Microscopic analysis included flocs morphology examination, attempts to evaluate the Sludge Biotic Index (SBI), and identification of dominant filamentous microorganisms. Routine operational control of ITWTP covered pH, temperature, redox potential, dissolved oxygen and COD measurements. The average ecosystem existing in the described ITWTP differed significantly compared to municipal WWTPs. The flocs were smaller and irregular. Filamentous bacteria did not cause foaming although filaments index reached 4. Nostocoida limicola I dominated with significant amounts of type 0041 and type 021N. The evaluation of SBI was impossible as the most of protozoan was in the form of cysts. The overall microbiota diversity correlated with COD removal in activated sludge unit of ITWTP.
An Investigation of Business Process Maturity: Report on Croatian Companies
Authors: Glavan Ljubica Milanović 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Nowadays, organizations try to improve their performance by focusing on the business process orientation (BPO) perspective. This perspective views companies as a mixture of unified business processes. A few methodologies can be used for analysing BPO maturity state. The maturity model shows the level of acceptance of the process-oriented approach in the business practice of a certain company. Recognizing different BPO levels can help companies execute, improve and manage their processes.
Objectives: The primary aim of this research is to give a report on BPO maturity of Croatian companies and to stress the importance of key turning points.
Methods/Approach: The cluster analysis method was used to analyse the survey results.
Results: Croatian companies are currently evolving from the Defined level to the Linked level of BPO maturity.
Conclusions: The results of the cluster analysis have shown that companies in Croatia have to improve all key turning points, with a special emphasis on the strategic view.
Determinants of corporate R&D expenditures: the role of taxes
Authors: Wasiluk Dorota , Białek-Jaworska Anna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper aims to find the relationship between corporate expenditures on R&D and tax burdens comparing German with French R&D incentives. We use the OLS method for the financial and patent cross-sectional data retrieved from the Amadeus database. The results confirm that firms with higher tax spread (the difference between the nominal and effective tax rates) spend less on R&D. These are in line with findings of a positive relationship between corporate R&D investment and tax burdens. Thus, firms that invest in R&D more pay higher taxes. However, they are less profitable as the return on R&D investment is visible only in the long run. German corporate expenditures on R&D are significantly sensitive to internal funds (proxied by cash flow) and depend on debt, contrary to French. The results indicate that the French firm's age (a phase of life cycle) has a significant impact on spending on R&D compared to German. Whereas in both countries, corporate expenditures on R&D are sensitive to the number of obtained patents. The capability of reducing the level of tax burdens below the nominal tax rate in the case of older German firms stimulates them to increase their R&D expenditures. However, German firms can decrease tax due to the use of R&D grants (revenues without taxation) in the absence of other tax incentives related to R&D.
The relationship between profitability and financial liquidity among the importers of best-selling brands of new cars in poland
Authors: Łojek Paweł 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The automotive industry is a particularly sensitive sector of the economy. Numerous legal changes have been introduced in Poland that may affect the company's liquidity and profitability. Sales of new vehicles in Poland were very high until the end of 2019. I have presented the most recently available financial data, and hence it can be concluded that they are not distorted. The article discusses the issue of cash flow statements and the associated financial ratios, as well as assesses the financial liquidity among the importers of new, ten best-selling car makers in Poland between 2015 and 2019. Moreover, I have analysed the relationship between profitability ratios and liquidity ratios as well as cash adequacy ratios during this period. According to my findings, in most cases, there is a positive and strong relationship between profitability and financial liquidity in the automotive industry.
Are the European Commission's forecasts of public finances better than those of national governments?
Authors: Rybacki Jakub 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The academic literature in the past has frequently highlighted that the European Commission (EC) tends to provide more accurate public finance forecasts compared with national governments, thanks to its neutrality. The recent conflicts regarding the excessive deficit procedure with Romania and Italy and rule of law with Hungary and Poland raises the question of whether such conclusions are still binding. Therefore, we analysed a panel of forecasts submitted by the national governments with an annual update of Convergence programmes and corresponding EC predictions. Our dataset contains predictions of the general government deficit, revenues and expenditures for EU27 economies and the United Kingdom in the years 2014–2019. First, the analysis shows no meaningful discrepancies between both estimates when the horizon is set at the current year. Forecasts for the next year have equal accuracy in the case of government revenues and expenditures. However, the EC performs worse in the case of the final deficit. Second, cross-country effects are present, but the accuracy is different mainly in the very small economies, that is, the Baltic countries, Cyprus, Malta and Luxembourg. Amongst the more populated states, the EC outperforms the Slovakian and Denmark governments but has worse performance than the Irish, Portuguese and Spanish governments. We also do not see evidence of any political bias in the forecasts.
Antioxidant activity of various plant sprouts extracts depending on the processing method of plant material – an in vitro study
Authors: Muzykiewicz-Szymańska Anna , Zielonka-Brzezicka Joanna , Siemak Joanna , Klimowicz Adam 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Introduction: Due to the content of nutrients and taste attributes, the plant sprouts could become a valuable component of a healthy diet.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of various sprouts extracts depending on the processing method of the plant material.

Methods: The extracts in 96%(v/v) ethanol were prepared from fresh, frozen, dry and homogenized sprouts of alfalfa, broccoli, radish, lentil, mung bean, beetroot, sunflower, and kale, using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The antioxidant potential and total polyphenols content were evaluated by the in vitro methods.

Results: The highest antioxidant activity was observed for beetroot and kale as well as broccoli sprouts extracts. The lower potential, in general, was observed in the case of alfalfa, lentil, and mung bean sprouts samples. The lowest activity was observed most frequently for the extracts from dry material, whereas the highest for homogenized as well as frozen and fresh.

Conclusion: The plant sprouts, particularly beetroot, kale, and broccoli, could be a valuable source of natural antioxidants.
Absence of Nepotism in Waggle Communication of Honeybees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Zhang Zu Yun , Li Zhen , Huang Qiang , Jiang Wu Jun , Zeng Zhi Jiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The polyandrous mating behavior of the honeybee queen increases the genetic variability among her worker offspring and the workers of particular subfamilies tend to have a genetic predisposition for tasks preference. In this study, we intended to understand whether there is nepotism in dance communication of honeybees during natural conditions. Microsatellite DNA analyses revealed a total of fourteen and twelve subfamilies in two colonies. The subfamily composition of the dancer and the followers did not deviate from random. The majority of the subfamilies did not show kin recognition in dance-recruit communication in honeybee colonies, but some subfamilies showed significant nepotism for workers to follow their super-sister dancer. Because it seems unlikely that honeybee would change the tendency to follow dancers due to the degree of relatedness, we conclude that honeybees randomly follow a dancer in order to e benefit colony gain and development.
Brood-Rearing Enhancing Potential of Manually Packed Pollen Feeding in Comparison with Pollen and Pollen Supplements in Patty Forms
Authors: Adgaba Nuru , Al-Ghamdi Ahmad , Tadesse Yilma , Mohammed Seif Eldin A. , Al-attal Yehya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dearth-period pollen or pollen supplement feedings have become a common practice to maintain and stimulate the early buildup of honeybee colonies. Not only amount, type and consumption rate of feeds are important but the conversion and its nutrient availability are essential. In the current study, we investigated how honey bee colony's brood rearing enhanced by feeding natural pollen powder (packed on cells of drawn-out combs) in comparison with patty forms natural-pollen, Mega-bee and Ultra-bee pollen substitutes during dearth period. The study showed that colonies given the pollen powder (packed on cells of drawn out combs) immediately converted it into beebread similar to naturally collected pollen. The colonies in the packed pollen-powder group showed consistent increment and on average reared 86.3% more brood than the patty-form natural pollen, Mega-bee and Ultra-bee pollen substitutes, without having significant differences in their consumption rate. The colonies in the packed-pollen group performed better might be because the conversion of the packed-pollen powder into beebread allows better nutrient availability due to its fermentation by nest microbes and further biosynthesis process. Moreover, the presence of beebread from packed-pollen adjacent to the brood combs represents the natural way of feed reserve storage which might also contribute to the stimulation of brood rearing in colonies better than feeding in patty-forms of natural pollen, Mega-bee and Ultra-bee. Packed-pollen feeding as an alternative to patty forms could improve dearth period maintenance and early population building of colonies.
PID fuzzy control applied to an electrosurgical unit for power regulation
Authors: Ridha Ali Mohammed , Mahdi Ali Jafer , Abed Jameel Kadhim , Fahad Shah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The electrosurgical unit (ESU) is the most common device in modern surgery for cutting and coagulation of tissues. It produces high-frequency alternating current to prevent the stimulation of muscles and nerves. The commercial ESUs are generally expensive and their output power is uncontrolled. The main objective of the proposed study is to propose an economic ESU with an additional feature of output power regulation using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based proportional integral derivative (PID) tuned controller. Unlike the previous studies, the proposed controller is designed in a fully closed-loop control fashion to regulate the output power of the ESU to a fixed value under the consideration of highly dynamic tissue impedance. The performance of the proposed method is tested in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. In order to validate the superiority of the proposed method, a comparative analysis with a simple (PID) controller based ESU is presented.
Visualization of the territorial origins of the inhabitants of the Recovered Territories (Poland) in 1950
Authors: Cegiełko Szczepan , Karsznia Izabela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper gives a visualization of the territorial origins of the population of the Recovered Lands (Poland) in 1950. It constitutes a map series, based on Kosiński’s research from 1960, presenting data from the first post-war census. Vector data of the historical administrative borders of Poland was used to prepare the maps; specifically the administrative division of the People’s Republic of Poland from 1946 and the state border of the Second Republic of Poland from 1931. The administrative borders were modified as appropriate using, among other things, historical maps and satellite images. The results of this research constitute a comprehensive study on the origins of the population of the Recovered Territories. Twenty-four maps were designed, showing many aspects of the studied phenomenon.
COVID- 19: outcomes for Global Supply Chains
Authors: Fonseca Luis Miguel , Azevedo Américo Lopes 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis exposed the vulnerability and poor resilience of the global supply chains. The objective of this research is to reflect on the possible impacts of the Coronavirus crisis in the global supply chains and provide some recommendations to overcome the present situation, offering suggestions for future research: (1) What are the contingency factors affecting Supply Chains in the complex COVID-19 operating environment? (2) How do these factors affect post-COVID-19 operating performance? After a contextualization of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and its impacts, theoretical background on Supply Chains and Supply Chain Management are presented, and a summary of the main scenarios for the post-COVID-19 crisis are discussed. The propositions regarding the contingency factors and their impact on the Supply Chain operating performance in post-COVID-19 suggest that successful companies will focus on creating a new kind of operational performance and minimize risks. To that end, companies will aim to improve their operations’ resilience (ability to resist, hold on, and recover from shocks) and accelerate the end-to-end digital transformation. Consumers will have to adapt to the contact-free economy, less low-cost supply chains, and put additional emphasis on service levels. Governments will reinforce the focus in the health sector supply chain and increase spending in the health and social care sectors. Furthermore, the longer, the more concentrated, the less transparent, and the more price sensitivity is the supply chain, the more challenging the adaptation to the new pos pandemic realities. Suggestions for future research are also provided.