bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis of thermophilic Actinobacteria isolated from soil in Cisolok geothermal area, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ningsih F , Sari D C A F , Rachmania M K , Yabe S , Yokota A , Oetari A , Sjamsuridzal W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The thermophilic Actinobacteria are known not only as producers of pharmaceutically important bioactive compounds, but also commercially important enzymes, yet their diversity in geothermal area in Indonesia have been rarely reported. In our previous study, a new thermophilic Actinobacteria genus belonging to the family Pseudonocardiaceae has been isolated from soil in Cisolok geothermal area. This current study reports the taxonomy and findings of potentially new taxa of thermophilic Actinobacteria, based on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Twenty-five isolates of thermophilic Actinobacteria were isolated from soil samples and maintained using previously described methods. The 16S rRNA gene sequence-similarity search against all related species was performed using EzTaxon-e database. The sequences of 25 isolates showed similarity to member of family Streptomycetaceae (genus Streptomyces; 10 isolates), Thermomonosporaceae (genus Actinomadura; 3 isolates), Streptosporangiaceae (genus Microbispora; 6 isolates), Micromonosporaceae (genus Micromonospora; 2 isolates), Pseudonocardiaceae (genus Amycolatopsis; 3 isolates), and Nocardiaceae (genus Nocardia; 1 isolate). Fifteen out of 25 isolates are belong to non-Streptomycetaceae family, thus regarded as rare Actinobacteria. Nineteen out of 25 isolates showed 16S rRNA gene sequence-similarity values 97 – 99% to their closely related species, suggested the potential for findings novel taxa of thermophilic Actinobacteria from Cisolok geothermal area.
Inventory and identification of ectoparasites lice on sheep in the Magetan regency, East-Java
Authors: Cholis M N , Atmowidi T , Prawasti T S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sheep are farm animals that have long been cultivated and become abundant food resources for humans. Sheep are particularly susceptible to ectoparasite attacks. One of ectoparasites that could infect sheep is lice, it can reduce the production of meat and decrease quality of leather and fleece. Therefore this research aims to inventory, identify, and study the existence of lice in sheep. Lice samples were collected in four districts in Magetan i.e Karas, Parang, Panekan, and Plaosan. Preparations of lice were done by whole-mount with Hoyer’s solution. Results showed that species of lice infesting sheep in four districts in Magetan was Damalinia ovis. The prevalence value of D. ovis infested sheep was 100%, it means that all examined sheeps were infested by D. ovis. The largest prevalence value was found on the sheep body (77.86%). The number of individual D. ovis found was not affected by the altitude, air temperature, and humidity.
Evaluation and identification of the native Zingiberaceae specie in Mijen, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Lianah  , Krisantini  , Wegener M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Zingiberaceae, Musaceae, and Cactaceae families are a small part of the diversity of species of tropical plants found in Indonesia. The Zingiberaceae consists of around 50 genera and more than 1,300 species. The uses of Zingiberaceae ranges from food, medicine, industry, to ornamental plants. The constraints in the commercialization of the species of this family are the lack of information on the growth characteristics and cultivation techniques to produce quality crops, and understanding on the phytochemical content of different parts of the plants. This study aims to identify the presence and diversity of Zingiberaceae species in the Central Java region, particularly in Mijen District, Gunung Prau, and Darupono Teak Forest, and to study the uses by the local community by conducting surveys and interviews. We recorded 19 species belonging to the Zingiberaceae in the study area, with a total of 293 individuals from the 10 genera, and Zingiber was the most dominant genus. Five of these species have been used by local residents as spices, 12 species as herbal medicines, and 2 species have potentials as ornamentals or cut flowers, Etlingira foetens and Etlingera elatior.
Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria sp. and Aspergillus sclerotiorum can produce secondary metabolite quinidine
Authors: Anggiani J P , Listiyowati S , Rahayu G 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEntomopathogenic fungi have been reported to produce secondary metabolite quinolines. One of the quinoline alkaloids is quinidine, a compound that has antiarrhythmic properties, therefore it has an economic important value. The aim of the experiment reported here was to study the potency of entomopathogenic fungiBeauveriasp. IPBCC. 19.1499 andAspergillus sclerotiorumIPBCC.19.1500 in producing quinidine. The quinidine was obtained from a broth culture of each fungus grown in Potato Dextrose Broth medium (pH 6.2, static, room temperature) for 7, 14, and 21 days incubation period. At harvest, broth of each culture was extracted using chloroform. The extract then dried using an evaporator. The presence of quinidine in the extracted was detected by HPLC. The dry weight of fungal biomass and the crude extract of broth culture were also recorded. HPLC analysis showed that quinidine was produced by both fungi tested. The species of the fungus and incubation period significantly affected quinidine production.Beauveriasp. IPBCC.19.1499, in general, produced quinidine in higher concentration than that ofA. sclerotiorumIPBCC.19.1500. The quinidine concentration increased significantly with increasing incubation period. The quinidine concentration was also positively correlated with biomass dry weight, while the crude extract dry weight was negatively correlated with quinidine concentration.
Isolation, identification of fatty acids from Spirulina platensis as antibacterial
Authors: Agustini N W S , Wijayanto Y 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The main target of fatty acids is disrupting the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation of bacterial cells. One of the fatty acid-producing microorganisms is Spirulina platensis. Therefore this study was aimed to determine the types of fatty acid compounds from S. platensis, which have the potential as antibacterial. Biomass is extracted by soxhlet using different polarity solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol). An antibacterial activity using the paper disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Identification of fatty acid compounds using Gas Chromatography-Spectrometry Mass (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity showed that chloroform extract showed the largest inhibition zone. Furthermore, chloroform extract was fractionated and simplifying fractions. The results of the identification of the best fraction showed that there were several types of fatty acids namely Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (10.99%), 1.2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid (0.74%), heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester (0.09%), 6.9.12-Oxiraneoctanoic acid (8.84%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (0.52%), Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester(2.28%), Oxiraneoctanoic acid (8.86%), Eiocosanoic acid, methyl ester (0.46%), Hexanedioic acid, dioctyl ester (6.46%) and Docosanoic acid, methyl ester (0.26%). Based on this study, the fatty acids found in S. platensis have an ability to be naturally antibacterial.
Antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Diospyros celebica Bakh. (Eboni) extra
Authors: Handayani W , Zukhrufa H , Yasman  , Imawan C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known to exhibit an efficient, wide spectrum of antimicrobial properties. Certain metabolite compounds in plants can be used as reducing agents for silver ions reduction into AgNPs. The potential of Diospyros celebica extract was used to synthesize AgNPs and it was tested for their antibacterial activity. The phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of phenols and saponins. For biosynthesis, 2% (w/v) of the extracts were treated with 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mM of AgNO3 as precursors in a ratio of 1:9 (v/v). AgNP formation was confirmed by the observation of the solution color change from yellow to brown as well as by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, which revealed a peak at 350–500 nm. The nanoparticle size and shape confirmed using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was examined by the well diffusion method. The results revealed that AgNPs synthesized by using the D. celebica extract exhibit antimicrobial activity for E. coli, which was indicated by the formation of clear zones. This result paves opportunities to develop an antimicrobial agent trough this method optimization.
Isolation and characterization endophytic bacteria as biological control of fungus Colletotrichum sp. on onion plants (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Murtado A , Mubarik N R , Tjahjoleksono A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
One of the problems of onion (Allium cepa L.) horticulture is the present of pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes anthracnose. Endophytic bacteria have potential to inhibit the pathogenic fungus. The aims of this research was to isolate endophytic bacteria controlling fungus C. gloeosporioides on onion, test ability of bacteria to inhibit the growth of suspected pathogenic fungi, test of hemolysis, and test of hypersensitivity. A total of 40 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the roots, stems, and leaves of onion plants from Brebes, Central Java. The results of the antagonist test produced 6 isolates, which inhibited growth of fungi Colletotrichum sp. with inhibition radius on a scale 3 (60-75%). Four of six potential isolates namely ABS4.1, ABP5.1, BBP5.2, and ABP5.2. Each isolate has different morphological and microscopic characteristics. The hypersensitivity tests are negative, which indicates that all potential isolates are not pathogenic to plants. The results of hemolysis test are 2 isolates of the 6 potential isolates, were negative or not pathogenic in mammals including human namely BBP5.2 and DBP4.2. Based on all the test results, the one potential isolates BBP5.2 had the greatest fungal growth inhibition and were not categorized as pathogen on plants and mammals.
Ethnopharmacology and chemical screening of piper from ketambe research station, Gunung Leuser National Park, Southeast Aceh
Authors: Kuncari E S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Throughout human history, people used various materials from nature to cure their illnesses and improve their health. Substances were derived from flora, fauna and mineral sources located in people’s immediate surroundings but also remote areas. Still, there is very little information on ethnopharmacology and publications about plants from Piper, especially those from around Ketambe. The research was done by exploration method, direct observation and interview, followed by laboratory analysis and literature study. Phytochemical screening was performed by the Ciuley Method. In this exploration, there were seven species of Piper. The results of interviews with indigenous elders obtained information that the seven Piper species can be used to cure different diseases. From phytochemical screening, it was found that the seven Piper species studied contained sterols & triterpenoids, carotenoids, tannins, cumarin derivatives, polyuranide, steroid glycosides but did not contain fat & high fatty acids, emodols/anthracids and coumarins.
Endobacterial symbiont of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense and the pathogenicity of their symbiosis towards banana plantling
Authors: Rahayu G , Maulana I , Widodo  
Published: March 2020

AbstractFusarium oxysporumf.sp.cubense (Foc), a causal agent of panama disease was reported carrying bacterial endosymbionts. This research aimed to identify the endobacteria in 7Focstrains and to study their symbiosis effect on theFocpathogenicity towards Ambon Kuning and Tanduk banana cultivars. The pathogenicity of endobacteria-Foc symbiosis were tested in vitro on banana plantling. Crude filtrate and biomass suspension that were produced by culturing eachFocstrains for 21 days in static condition either in PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth) (Foc−) or in antibiotics supplemented PDB (Foc+) were used as effectors. TheFocpathogenicity was stated as disease severity percentage on leaves and on rhizome. The result showed that allFocstrains contained endobacteria.Enterobactersp. was hosted byFocIPBCC 19.1427 andIzhakiella australiensiswas in the hyphae ofFocIPBCC 19.1430.Enterobactersp. affectedFocIPBCC 19.1427 virulence towards banana cv. Tanduk through effectors in the filtrate, while that towards cv. Ambon Kuning was unclear.Izhakiella australiensisdid not affectFocIPBCC 19.1430 virulence towards the two banana cultivars. The pathogenicity ofFocshould further be verified, as the antibiotics given could not completely kill the endobacteria.
Community structure of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in Java and Sumatra based on Cryphonectria parasitica vic primer
Authors: Rahayu G , Thamrin J A D , Rianti P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Banana production centers in Indonesia are still being invaded by panama disease. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the causal agents of that disease is reported as genetically varied. Twelve Cryphonectria parasistica vic primer sets were evaluated and used for Foc community structure analyses of Foc population in Java and Sumatra. The results showed that 5 loci (vicia, vic2, vic3a, vic6, and vic7) with 9 (A, B, C, D, E, I, J, K and L) alleles were detected in 38 Foc samples using nine C. parasitica vic primer sets. Two out of nine vic primer sets presumably detected vic loci (vic1a and vic3a). These loci were suspected to relate to the mechanism of apoptosis in Foc somatogamy. Based on loci diversity and allelic interaction systems, 18 haplotypes (1-18) in Foc population from Java and Sumatra were recognized. Haplotype diversity in Sumatra was higher than Java, while alleles relatively spread uniformly. Haplotype-7 and E allele were dominant and were found in Java and Sumatra. Meanwhile, Haplotype-18 and C alleles were specific to Java. Distribution of the dominant haplotype indicated that the island is not a geographic barrier. Three (vic3a, vic6, and vic7) out of nine loci were polymorphic.
Preliminary study of myxobacteria as biocontrol agents for panama disease pathogen, tropical race 4 Fusarium odoratissimum
Authors: Meliah S , Kusumawati D I , Ilyas M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Newly described pathogenic fungal Fusarium odoratissimum is known to cause severe panama disease on banana and grouped as tropical race 4. The disease constrains banana production throughout the world with no known method to completely manage the disease. This study assayed the ability of myxobacteria to control the pathogen. Myxobacteria were isolated from soil, karst limestone, and decaying wood in Karimun and Simeuleu islands using filter paper and baiting methods. A total of 20 myxobacterial isolates were collected during the process. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, they were identified as Myxococcus, Archangium and Corallococcus. To our knowledge, this is the first record of the last two genera in Indonesia. Antifungal assay of two myxobacterial isolates Corallococcus KR39b.5 and SLU3.3 extracted using ethyl acetate against F. odoratissimum InaCC F936 and F. odoratissimum InaCC F946 revealed that both were capable of inhibiting the fungal growth up to 40%. The results suggested the possibility of utilizing myxobacteria as biocontrol agents against pathogenic F. odoratissimum.
Characterization and Identification of Xylanolytic Bacteria Stenotrophomonas sp. EL-8 Isolated from Seagrass Substrates in Enggano Island
Authors: Sipriyadi  , Darwis W , Wibowo R H , Farestiani E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes that degraded xylan into xylooligosaccharide and xylose. Nowadays, the xylanases play a major important role in the industrial products, in the field of paper, pulp, food, beverage, pharmaceutical and animal feed. This study was to characterize and optimize xylanase produced by Stenotrophomonas sp. EL-8 isolated from the seagrass substrates in Enggano Island. The seagrass substrates were collected from Banjar Sari Beach, Enggano Island. Isolation of bacteria from seagrass substrates using 0.5% beechwood xylan agar medium. The isolates were screened by morphological characters. Colonies which produced clear zone were presumed as xylanolytic bacteria furthermore they were selected for determination of xylanase enzyme activity. The selected potential xylanolytic isolate was identify based on 16S rRNA. The results of this study showed that a total of 22 bacteria were isolated. Based on clear zone screening, EL-8 isolate indicated more potentially than the other 21 isolates. The crude enzyme production of EL-8 showed the highest activity at 18 hours incubation with the enzyme activity of 0.831 U/mL. This crude enzyme optimally worked at pH 5, temperature 45 °C with the enzyme activity 2.836 U/mL. EL-8 isolate has a close relationship with Stenotrophomonas sp. EL-8 based on 16S rRNA gene identification.
Substrate utilization of ethanologenic yeasts co-cultivation of Pichia kudriavzevii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rahmadhani N , Astuti R I , Meryandini A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Bioethanol is one of the renewable alternative energies and can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels. Bioethanol is produced from a fermentation process, which is assisted by microbial yeast groups (ethanologenic yeast). Yeast Pichia kudriavzevii is capable of converting both carbon source pentose and hexose sugars to ethanol. In the previous study, P. kudriavzevii ethanol stress - tolerant mutant strains T5 was successfully constructed via directed mutagenesis thus suggesting their potential as fermentation agent. One strategy to increase ethanol production is by applying co-cultivation techniques. Thus, this study aimed to examine the ability of sugar substrate utilization by ethanologenic yeast S. cerevisiae and P. kudriavzeviiat various inoculum ratio. The results of the study indicated that no antagonist interaction detected between S. cerevisiae with all of P. kudriavzevii, both mutant and wild type strains. Based on sugar consumption analysis, both yeast isolates could be used in ethanol production simultaneously to maximize mixed substrate utilization. Our study revealed that the best sugar consumption found on co-cultivation of S. cerevisiae with wild type P. kudriavzevii T (wt) in 1: 1 inoculum ratio.
Analysis of mutant of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Kennebec
Authors: Suharsono  , Nurandinie D R , Tjahjoleksono A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Potatoes are horticultural commodity that have high economic value. Kennebec is one potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar suitable for potato chips, therefore it is able be used as genetic resource to develop superior potato cultivars. By gamma ray irradiation at a dose of 15 Gy to cv. Kennebec, one mutant clone, i.e. clone 53.1, had been obtained. This research had an objective to analyse the clone 53.1 as a mutant of potato cv Kennebec. Molecular analysis by RAPD marker using 9 primers namely OPA 1, OPA 2, OPA 5, OPA 7, OPA 8, OPA 9, OPA 10, OPB 8 and OPB 18 showed that the mutations occured at all nine loci and 36.67% alleles had mutated. The highest level of mutation occurred at the OPA 2 locus. Mutations also significantly affected morphological characters in the form of plant height at 45 and 90 days after planting (DAP), tuber diameter, tuber number, tuber weight, shoot weight, root weight, color of tuber eye and color of basal stem of sprouting tuber. The plant height and the tuber productivity of clone 53.1 as a mutant are higher than that of potato cv Kennebec as an original cultivar.
Molecular analysis of mutant of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Atlantic
Authors: Mardiyah E , Samipak S , Suharsono  
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gamma irradiation has been applied to potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) cultivar Atlantic and IPB CP1 cultivar is one of mutant clones had been obtained. RAPD was applied as molecular marker to analyze the difference between the potato cv IPB CP1 and cultivar Atlantic. A total of 24 primers composed of single random primers and combination of two random primers were used to amplify DNA fragments from the genomic DNA of potato cultivar IPB CP1 and Atlantic. These primers are considered as loci and the amplicon generated by this primer is considered as allele. The number of allele indicated by the number of amplified DNA fragment ranged from 3 to 16 alleles depending on the locus represented by the primer. The combination of two random primers produced the highest polymorphic fragments. The difference between potato cultivar IPB CP1 and Atlantic is determined by 4 loci among 24 loci of RAPD, as OPA-02, OPA-02 + OPA-03, OPA-02 + OPA-07, and OPA- 01 + OPA-13. Locus OPA-02 + OPA-03 contains the highest genetic difference with 2 polymorphic fragments (22.22 %). This research had succesfully detected molecular difference between potato cv Atlantic and IPB CP1 as its mutant using RAPD marker.
The mRNA expression and DNA methylation level of fibronectin 1 (FN1) gene encoding focal adhesion molecule in endometrial endometriosis
Authors: Deraya I E , Hestiantoro A , Muharam R , Marwali M L S , Darmawi  , Asmarinah  
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissues located outside the uterine cavity. The expression of focal adhesion genes including FN1 gene increased in endometriosis. Epigenetic factors play a role in the alteration of expression that lead to the pathological conditions. This study aimed to analyze the mRNA expression and promoter methylation level of FN1 gene as an epigenetic mechanism in endometriosis. Forty of the total samples from endometrial patients and normal were used. The DNA and RNA were isolated, DNA was converted using sodium bisulfite procedure, amplified by MSP method. Promoter methylation level was determined by intensity of the bands that arose in gel electrophoresis using ImageJ software. The RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA and was amplified using RT-qPCR. The mRNA expression level of FN1 gene was higher in endometrial endometriosis compared to normal, but not significant statistically (p=0,63). There was a significant difference methylation level of FN1 gene in endometrial endometriosis compared to normal endometrium (p=0.022). There was positive correlation between promoter methylation level to its mRNA expression in endometrial endometriosis (r=0.080; p=0.736). DNA methylation alteration in promoter FN1 gene was not to be caused by the increasing of mRNA expression.