bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life history trade‐offs are more pronounced for a noninvasive, native butterfly compared to its invasive, exotic congener
Authors: Kerr Natalie Z. , Crone Elizabeth E. , Chew Frances S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLife history trade‐offs are ubiquitous in nature. Life history theory posits that these trade‐offs arise from individuals having limited resources to allocate toward all vital functions, such as survival, growth and reproduction. These trade‐offs position most species along a slow‐fast life history continuum, where individuals with slow life histories often have higher survival at the cost of delayed reproduction and individuals with fast life histories often live faster and die younger. However, these trade‐offs are sometimes less obvious for invasive species. Here, we constructed age‐based population models to compare life history strategies and trade‐offs between the noninvasive, native mustard white and invasive, exotic cabbage white (Pieris spp.) butterflies. We found that the cabbage white has faster larval growth and higher fecundity at younger ages, suggesting it has a fast life history compared to the mustard white. However, cabbage white also has higher adult survival at younger ages, suggesting that it experiences weaker trade‐offs among vital rates than its native counterpart. Our study illustrates the importance of demographic studies in evaluating life history strategies among congener species with different population histories, and emphasizes the many advantages experienced by invasive species in their novel environments.
A deep intronic splice variant advises reexamination of presumably dominant SPG7 Cases
Authors: Verdura Edgard , Schlüter Agatha , Fernández‐Eulate Gorka , Ramos‐Martín Raquel , Zulaica Miren , Planas‐Serra Laura , Ruiz Montserrat , Fourcade Stéphane , Casasnovas Carlos , López de Munain Adolfo , Pujol Aurora 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify causative mutations in a patient affected by ataxia and spastic paraplegia.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) and whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) were performed using patient's DNA sample. RT‐PCR and cDNA Sanger sequencing were performed on RNA extracted from patient's fibroblasts, as well as western blot.ResultsA novel missense variant in SPG7 (c.2195T> C; p.Leu732Pro) was first found by whole‐exome sequencing (WES), while the second, also unreported, deep intronic variant (c.286 + 853A>G) was identified by whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). RT‐PCR confirmed the in silico predictions showing that this variant activated a cryptic splice site, inducing the inclusion of a pseudoexon into the mRNA sequence, which encoded a premature stop codon. Western blot showed decreased SPG7 levels in patient's fibroblasts.InterpretationIdentification of a deep intronic variant in SPG7, which could only have been detected by performing WGS, led to a diagnosis in this HSP patient. This case challenges the notion of an autosomal dominant inheritance for SPG7, and illustrates the importance of performing WGS subsequently or alternatively to WES to find additional mutations, especially in patients carrying one variant in a gene causing a predominantly autosomal recessive disease.
Model‐based fault accommodation control of multiagent systems
Authors: Huang Sunan , Lin Feng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn recent years, consensus problem in multiagent systems (MASs) has been studied extensively. However, when a fault occurs in a MAS, this problem becomes more challenging. In this paper, we present several fault accommodation control schemes for a class of MASs. First, actuator faults are considered in our MASs. Second, a fault detection is proposed, which is constructed based on a residual and threshold value. Third, both passive and active fault accommodation control schemes are presented. Finally, a simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Routes for Efficiency Enhancement in Fluorescent TADF Exciplex Host OLEDs Gained from an Electro‐Optical Device Model
Authors: Regnat Markus , Pernstich Kurt P. , Kim Kwon‐Hyeon , Kim Jang‐Joo , Nüesch Frank , Ruhstaller Beat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFluorescence‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have increasingly attracted attention in research and industry. One method to implement TADF is based on an emitter layer composed of an exciplex host and a fluorescent dopant. Even though the experimental realization of this concept has demonstrated promising external quantum efficiencies, the full potential of this approach has not yet been assessed. To this end, a comprehensive electro‐optical device model accounting for the full exciton dynamics including triplet harvesting and exciton quenching is presented. The model parameters are fitted to multiple output characteristics of an OLED comprising a TADF exciplex host with a fluorescent emitter, showing an external quantum efficiency of >10%. With the model at hand, an emission zone analysis and a parameter study are performed, and possible routes for further efficiency enhancement are presented.
Inkjet‐Printed Micrometer‐Thick Perovskite Solar Cells with Large Columnar Grains
Authors: Eggers Helge , Schackmar Fabian , Abzieher Tobias , Sun Qing , Lemmer Uli , Vaynzof Yana , Richards Bryce S. , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo , Paetzold Ulrich W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransferring the high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of spin‐coated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) on the laboratory scale to large‐area photovoltaic modules requires a significant advance in scalable fabrication methods. Digital inkjet printing promises scalable, material, and cost‐efficient deposition of perovskite thin films on a wide range of substrates and in arbitrary shapes. In this work, high‐quality inkjet‐printed triple‐cation (methylammonium, formamidinium, and cesium) perovskite layers with exceptional thicknesses of >1 µm are demonstrated, enabling unprecedentedly high PCEs > 21% and stabilized power output efficiencies > 18% for inkjet‐printed PSCs. In‐depth characterization shows that the thick inkjet‐printed perovskite thin films deposited using the process developed herein exhibit a columnar crystal structure, free of horizontal grain boundaries, which extend over the entire thickness. A thin film thickness of around 1.5 µm is determined as optimal for PSC for this process. Up to this layer thickness X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy analysis confirms the expected stoichiometric perovskite composition at the surface and shows strong deviations and inhomogeneities for thicker thin films. The micrometer‐thick perovskite thin films exhibit remarkably long charge carrier lifetimes, highlighting their excellent optoelectronic characteristics. They are particularly promising for next‐generation inkjet‐printed perovskite solar cells, photodetectors, and X‐ray detectors.
The role of kinetics and heat transfer on the performance of an industrial wall‐cooled packed‐bed reactor: Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane
Authors: Che‐Galicia Gamaliel , López‐Isunza Felipe , Corona‐Jiménez Edith , Castillo‐Araiza Carlos O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis contribution evaluates systematic but rigorous methodologies to characterize kinetics and heat transfer mechanisms and states statistical and phenomenological criteria to model an industrial‐scale wall‐cooled packed‐bed reactor for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane over a MoVTeNbO catalyst. A set of kinetic formalisms was submitted to regression analyses with the reparametrized form of the Arrhenius and van't Hoff equations. Heat transfer parameters (HTP) were determined by evaluating either the effect of hydrodynamics or the type of temperature measurements on reactor simulations. Eley–Rideal formalism led to the most proper approach to describe kinetics, presenting thermodynamic consistency and statistical confidence; whereas the HTP determined out of radial and axial measurements and accounting for hydrodynamics led to the determination of the most reliable transport parameters presenting phenomenological and statistical significance. These results stated criteria to model with confidence the performance of the studied technology, paving the way for its further rigorous design, optimization, or intensification.
Plasticity in the growth of body segments in relation to height‐for‐age and maternal education in Guatemala
Authors: Ríos Luis , Terán José Manuel , Varea Carlos , Bogin Barry 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesPlasticity in the growth of body segments between populations has been researched in relation to migration, temporal change and high‐altitude studies. We study the within population variation in body segments, thus controlling for some of the environmental and genetic differences that could be at play in between populations studies. We test a version of the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, where the growth of head‐trunk and hand are prioritized due to their functional significance over height and leg growth.Materials and methodsA total of 3913 Guatemalan, rural, semi‐urban and urban, Maya and Ladino children 6 to 15 years old were studied. Height, sitting height, leg length, and metacarpal length were studied in relation to three proxies for living conditions: height‐ and leg length‐for‐age, and maternal education. Estimation statistics and null hypothesis significance testing were used to analyze the data.ResultsMetatarsal length and sitting height values were higher than height and leg length respectively. Relative metacarpal length was conserved across height‐for‐age groups. Females were less affected than males for metacarpal length and sitting height, but more affected for leg length.ConclusionOur results agree with the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, where metacarpal and sitting height growth would be prioritized over height and leg length due to greater functional significance.
Parental somatogonadal COL2A1 mosaicism contributes to intrafamilial recurrence in a family with type 2 collagenopathy
Authors: Yamamoto Kenichi , Kubota Takuo , Takeyari Shinji , Kitaoka Taichi , Miyata Kei , Nakano Yukako , Nakayama Hirofumi , Ohata Yasuhisa , Yanagi Kumiko , Kaname Tadashi , Okada Yukinori , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe COL2A1 gene encodes the alpha‐1 chain of procollagen type 2. Pathogenic variants in the COL2A1 gene are associated with several different types of skeletal dysplasia collectively known as type 2 collagenopathies. Type 2 collagenopathies have an autosomal dominant inheritance. Some germline or somatogonadal mosaicism cases have been reported. We investigated whether somatogonadal mosaicism occurred in a family with two children suspected of type 2 collagenopathies or related diseases. First, we detected a pathogenic variant in the COL2A1 gene in the two affected children by whole exome sequencing (WES). Next, we performed targeted deep sequencing to their parents without the variant by WES. A low level of COL2A1 mosaicism was revealed in the mother's tissues. We concluded that the mother had somatogonadal mosaicism with the COL2A1 mutation arose in the epiblast, and that the intrafamilial recurrence rate of the disease by the somatogonadal mosaicism was higher than by the germline mosaicism. This report suggests that parental low‐level mosaicism should be evaluated in those parents with children carrying de novo germline mutations and the targeted deep sequencing is useful to detect them.
Demulsification of oil‐in‐water emulsions using hyperbranched poly(amido amine) demulsifiers with 4,4‐diaminodiphenyl methane as initial cores
Authors: Kuang Jiazhe , Jiang Xia , Mi Yuanzhu , Ye Fan , Zhang Zejun , Huang Zhiming , Yuan Huaikui , Luo Yue , Xie Fangqin 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTHyperbranched poly(amido amine) demulsifier (PDDM) was synthesized by a modified “one‐pot” method with 4,4‐diaminodiphenyl methane as the central core and ethylenediamine as the interior branches. The structure of the demulsifier was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared. The effects of the temperature and PDDM concentration on the demulsification performance were investigated, and PDDM performance was compared to that of the hyperbranched demulsifier with 1,3‐propanediamine as the central core. When the emulsions were treated with the demulsifier concentration of 50 mg L−1 at 60 °C for 120 min, the light transmittance and removed total organic content of the aqueous phase reached 87.4 and 99.72%, respectively. At the optimal demulsification temperature of 60 °C, the surface tension reduction and the critical micelle concentration were 27.38 mN m−1 and 1.30 × 10−3 mol L−1, respectively. The combination of surface tension and interfacial tension measurements and the analysis of micrographs and particles sizes provide evidence for the possible demulsification mechanism. The excellent demulsification performance of the hyperbranched demulsifier indicates that it has great potential for use in the demulsification of oil‐in‐water emulsions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48846.
Simple and feasible strategy to fabricate microcellular poly(butylene succinate) foams by chain extension and isothermal crystallization induction
Authors: Yin Dexian , Mi Jianguo , Zhou Hongfu , Wang Xiangdong , Yu Kejing 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, a facile and efficient isothermal crystallization induction method was proposed to fabricate microcellular poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) foams with supercritical CO2. The good regularity of PE chain segments and high reactive epoxy groups in ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (PE‐g‐GMA) serving as a chain extender were employed to improve the crystallization behaviors, viscoelasticity, and foaming behaviors of PBS through chain extension reaction. The effect of PE‐g‐GMA content on the thermal properties, rheological performances, and cellular morphology of various PBS samples was investigated systematically. When the PE‐g‐GMA content switched from 7.5 to 10 wt %, an interesting transition from fine cells to microcells was observed in PBS/PE‐g‐GMA foams. Microcellular PBS foam modified by 10 wt % PE‐g‐GMA was successfully prepared at the foaming temperature of 87 °C and the induction time of 7 min, in which its cell size and cell density could reach 6.63 ± 1.93 μm and 3.75 × 109cells cm−3, respectively. The formation of abundant but tiny spherocrystals in chain extended PBS samples made a considerable contribution for preparing microcellular PBS foams. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48850.
Effects of fluctuations and color neutrality in a finite volume
Authors: Spieles Christian , Bleicher Marcus , Greiner Carsten 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigate properties of strongly interacting matter in a schematic model based on the combined degrees of freedom of a noninteracting hadronic phase and a noninteracting deconfined phase. It is found that, in a finite system, both phases contribute to the thermodynamic state due to fluctuations and that signatures of critical behavior, such as the divergence of statistical quantities, are dampened. The constraint of color neutrality leads to a volume‐dependent shift of the effective critical temperature, which follows a scaling law, independent of the baryochemical potential. According to the model, observable baryon number susceptibilities at a given T and μB strongly depend on the system size. Finally, we compare hadronization conditions from the model with hadrochemical fits to experimental collider data, where a qualitatively similar system size dependence is extracted.
Exploring the partonic phase at finite chemical potential within an extended off‐shell transport approach
Authors: Bratkovskaya Elena , Cassing Wolfgang , Moreau Pierre , Oliva Lucia , Soloveva Olga , Song Taesoo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe extend the parton‐hadron‐string dynamics (PHSD) transport approach in the partonic sector by explicitly calculating the total and differential partonic scattering cross sections as a function of temperature T and baryon chemical potential μB on the basis of the effective propagators and couplings from the dynamical quasiparticle model (DQPM) that is matched to reproduce the equation of state of the partonic system above the deconfinement temperature Tc from lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We calculate the collisional widths for the partonic degrees of freedom at finite T and μB in the time‐like sector and conclude that the quasiparticle limit holds sufficiently well. Furthermore, the ratio of shear viscosity η over entropy density s, that is, η/s, is evaluated using the collisional widths and compared to lattice QCD(lQCD) calculations for μB = 0 as well. We find that the ratio η/s does not differ very much from that calculated within the original DQPM on the basis of the Kubo formalism. Furthermore, there is only a very modest change of η/s with the baryon chemical μB as a function of the scaled temperature T/Tc(μB). This also holds for a variety of hadronic observables from central A + A collisions in the energy range 5 GeV 200 GeV when implementing the differential cross sections into the PHSD approach. Accordingly, it will be difficult to extract finite μB signals from the partonic dynamics based on “bulk” observables.
EZH2 enhances expression of CCL5 to promote recruitment of macrophages and invasion in lung cancer
Authors: Xia Lilong , Zhu Xinhai , Zhang Lei , Xu Yanhui , Chen Guoping , Luo Jing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) regulates epigenetic gene silencing and functions as critical regulators in various tumor progression. Macrophages infiltration promotes cancer development via stimulating tumor cell migration and invasion. However, the effect of EZH2 on macrophages infiltration, cell invasion, and migration of lung cancer remains to be investigated. In this study, we found that knockdown of EZH2 inhibited macrophages chemotaxis and decreased chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5). Wound‐healing and transwell assays results showed that migration and invasion of lung cancer cells was inhibited by EZH2 deletion. Moreover, EZH2 overexpression increased CCL5 expression. Loss‐of functional assay indicated that the promotion ability of EZH2 on macrophages chemotaxis was inhibited by CCL5 knockdown. Mechanistically, the promotion ability of EZH2 on cell migration and invasion of lung cancer was also inhibited by CCL5 knockdown. The in vivo subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model also revealed that silence of EZH2 suppressed lung cancer metastasis and macrophages infiltration via regulation of CCL5. In conclusion, our findings indicated that EZH2 promoted lung cancer metastasis and macrophages infiltration via upregulation of CCL5, which might be the underlying mechanism of EZH2‐induced lung cancer cell progression.
Untersuchungen zur Anwendbarkeit optischer Verformungsmessverfahren bei Plastic Concrete
Authors: Shepherd David Alós , Bruckschlögl Sebastian , Kotan Engin , Dehn Frank 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlastic Concrete wird im Spezialtiefbau als hoch verformbarer Dichtwandbeton im Kontraktorverfahren eingebaut, um die Durchsickerung von Dämmen und des Untergrunds zu unterbinden. Die plastischen und niederfesten Materialeigenschaften sowie der hohe Wassergehalt der Mischungen erschweren die experimentellen Untersuchungen des Verformungsverhaltens. Daher wurden verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Verformungsmessung auf deren Anwendbarkeit bei Plastic Concrete untersucht und verglichen. In den experimentellen Untersuchungen konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass das eingesetzte optische Verformungsmesssystem, welches auf der digitalen Bildkorrelation (engl. DIC – Digital Image Correlation) basiert, eine geeignete Möglichkeit darstellt, die Verformungseigenschaften des Materials zu bestimmen. Somit zeigte sich, dass die flächendeckende Ermittlung lokaler Verschiebungen und Verformungen eine umfangreiche Auswertung ermöglicht, die über die herkömmliche Bestimmung der Dehnungen hinausgeht. Zudem konnten neue Erkenntnisse bzgl. des mechanischen Bruchverhaltens von Plastic Concrete gewonnen werden. Durch einen Vergleich der Messergebnisse aus unterschiedlichen Verformungsmessverfahren (digitale Bildkorrelation bzw. aufgeklebte Dehnmessstreifen) zeigte sich eine gute Übereinstimmung der Messergebnisse, wobei das optische Verformungsmesssystem wegen seiner flächendeckenden Darstellung der Verformungen zu bevorzugen ist.
An unusual cause of recurrent mitral regurgitation after percutaneous mitral valve repair
Authors: Winkel Mirjam Gauri , Brugger Nicolas , Windecker Stephan , Praz Fabien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecurrent flail leaflet represents an infrequent cause of recurrent mitral regurgitation after MitraClip. This report presents a case of recurrent severe MR due to a ruptured chorda tendineae after edge‐to‐edge repair.
Preprocedural three‐dimensional planning aids in transcatheter ductal stent placement: A single‐center experience
Authors: Chamberlain Reid C. , Ezekian Jordan E. , Sturgeon Gregory M. , Barker Piers C.A. , Hill Kevin D. , Fleming Gregory A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesDescribe the use of three‐dimensional (3D) patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) modeling to better define ductal anatomy to improve preprocedural planning for ductal stent placement.BackgroundDuctal stenting is an alternative to surgical shunting in patients with ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow. Ductal anatomy is often complex with extreme tortuosity and risk of pulmonary artery isolation, thus increasing procedural risks.MethodsCT angiograms were segmented to produce 3D PDA models. Ductal morphology was characterized with attention to access approach, degree of pulmonary artery offset/risk of isolation and ductal tortuosity. 3D models were retrospectively compared with biplane angiography.Results3D modeling was performed in 12 patients with adequate image quality for complete analysis in 11; median (interquartile range) age/weight 17 days (8–20 days) and 3.1 kg (2.4–3.9 kg). The PDA was reverse oriented in nine with average length of 17.2 ± 2.5 mm and high tortuosity (mean tortuosity index 52, range 3–108). From 3D modeling, two patients were excluded from ductal stenting—extreme ductal tortuosity and threatened pulmonary artery discontinuity, respectively. Ductal stenting was successful in the remaining nine with no major procedural complications. 3D modeling predicted a successful access approach based on the aortic orientation of the ductus in all patients (five carotid, two axillary, two femoral). When comparing 2D angiography with 3D models, angiography consistently underestimated ductal length (−3.2 mm ± 1.6 mm) and tortuosity (−14.8 ± 7.2).Conclusions3D modeling prior to ductal stent placement for ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow is useful in procedural planning, specifically for eligibility, access approach, and accurate ductal measurements. Further studies are needed to determine if 3D planning improves procedural outcomes.
A novel lipase from Aspergillus oryzae catalyzed resolution of (R,S)‐ethyl 2‐bromoisovalerate
Authors: Wu Peng , Zhang Mengjie , Zhang Yinjun , Wang Zhao , Zheng Jianyong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, a novel lipase M5 derived from Aspergillus oryzae WZ007 was prone to exhibit high hydrolytic activity and stereoselectivity towards racemic substrate (R,S)‐ethyl 2‐bromoisovalerate. (R)‐ethyl 2‐bromoisovalerate was obtained by enzymatic resolution, which is the key chiral intermediate for highly efficient enantiomerically fluvalinate. The results showed that the enzymatic reaction was carried out in 120mM racemic substrate for 3 hours, the enantiomeric excess reached 98.6%, the conversion was 51.7%, and E value above 120. Therefore, the novel lipase M5 has the ability to efficiently produce (R)‐ethyl 2‐bromoisovalerate, which greatly reduces the industrial production cost of the highly efficient counterpart of fluvalinate.