bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous Si‐MCM‐41/Polymer as a pH‐Responsive Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Maghsoudi Mina , Abbasian Mojtaba , Farhadi Khalil , Mahmoodzadeh Farideh , Ghorbani Marjan , Hoseinzadeh Mehdi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNano‐controlled drug delivery systems such as polymer nanocomposites introduce new strategies for the cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we designed a biocompatible polymer Nanocomposites (NCs) based on modified mobil composition of matter No. 41 (MCM‐41) nanoparticles (MCM‐41‐NH2) and copolymer grafted chitosan by acrylamide and acrylic acid (CS‐graft‐poly (AAm‐co‐AA) as a pH‐sensitive polymer, and employed for targeted anticancer drug delivery. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent drug for cancer therapy. DOX was loaded into the synthesized polymer NCs MCM‐41‐NH2‐CS‐graft‐poly (AAm‐co‐AA) by formation electrostatic attraction between the positive charge of the DOX and the anionic charge of the poly acrylic acid (PAA), and poly acrylamide (PAAm). Free DOX diffuse rapidly into nucleus, and kill cancerous cells by interaction with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). But, keeping active of free anticancer drugs after reaching at the nucleus is difficult due to the bio barriers. Using DOX‐loaded into the mentioned polymer NCs can be decreased the toxicity effects (side effects) of DOX on the normal cells and enhance its efficiency on the tumorous cells The release of DOX from the MCM‐41‐NH2‐CS‐g‐poly (AAm‐co‐AA) was studied at acidic conditions (on the human breast epithelial adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7) cancer cells, pH 5.3 and 40 °C). The cytotoxicity of the DOX loaded into MCM‐41‐NH2‐CS‐g‐poly (AAm‐co‐AA) on the (MCF‐7) cancer cells was evaluated by using MTT (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromidefor). The results show that synthetic mesoporous Si‐MCM‐41/ polymer can act as a targeted drug delivery system for the treatment of MCF‐7 cancerous cell.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Leaching Potassium from Biotite in H2SO4 Solution
Authors: Ma Xi , Ma Hongwen , Yuan Jiangyan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiotite is a potential potassium mineral resource and the dissolution of biotite in H2SO4 solution is a green chemistry approach for recovering potassium. To estimate the efficiency of leaching process and to understand the behavior of leaching reactors, the kinetics and mechanism of leaching potassium from biotite in H2SO4 solution were studied in this work. The leaching experiments show that leached fractions of K2O increase with the increasing of temperatures and H2SO4 concentrations, and yet with the decreasing of biotite particle sizes. According to the shrinking core model, the leached fractions of K2O were fitted better by diffusion through product layer. A kinetics expression of diffusion‐controlled model on three parameters was acquired and it is appropriate to predict the leached fractions of K2O from biotite in H2SO4 solution. The dissolution of biotite in H2SO4 solution was interpreted by electrochemical mechanism coupling with characterization of the acid‐leached residues. This research results can aid in the design of leaching process for recovering potassium sustainably from biotite.
Regulation of Ferroelectric Polarization to Achieve Efficient Charge Separation and Transfer in Particulate RuO2/BiFeO3 for High Photocatalytic Water Oxidation Activity
Authors: Shah Jafar H. , Huang Biaohong , Idris Ahmed M. , Liu Yong , Malik Anum S. , Hu Weijin , Zhang Zhidong , Han Hongxian , Li Can 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExploiting spontaneous polarization of ferroelectric materials to achieve high charge separation efficiency is an intriguing but challenging research topic in solar energy conversion. This work shows that loading high work function RuO2 cocatalyst on BiFeO3 (BFO) nanoparticles enhances the intrinsic ferroelectric polarization by efficient screening of charges to RuO2 via RuO2/BFO heterojunction. This leads to enhancement of the surface photovoltage of RuO2/BFO single nanoparticles nearly 3 times, the driving force for charge separation and transfer in photocatalytic reactions. Consequently, efficient photocatalytic water oxidation is achieved with quantum efficiency as high as 5.36 % at 560 nm, the highest activity reported so far for ferroelectric materials. This work demonstrates that, unlike low photocurrent density in film‐based ferroelectric devices, high photocatalytic activity could be achieved by regulating the ferroelectric spontaneous polarization using appropriate cocatalyst to enhance driving force for efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated charges in particulate ferroelectric semiconductor materials.
Melt Electrospinning of Nanofibers from Medical‐Grade Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) with a Modified Nozzle
Authors: Großhaus Chiara , Bakirci Ezgi , Berthel Marius , Hrynevich Andrei , Kade Juliane C. , Hochleitner Gernot , Groll Jürgen , Dalton Paul D 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMelt electrospun fibers, in general, have larger diameters than normally achieved with solution electrospinning. This study uses a modified nozzle to direct‐write melt electrospun medical‐grade poly(ε‐caprolactone) onto a collector resulting in fibers with the smallest average diameter being 275 ± 86 nm under certain processing conditions. Within a flat‐tipped nozzle is a small acupuncture needle positioned so that reduces the flow rate to ≈0.1 µL h−1 and has the sharp tip protruding beyond the nozzle, into the Taylor cone. The investigations indicate that 1‐mm needle protrusion coupled with a heating temperature of 120 °C produce the most consistent, small diameter nanofibers. Using different protrusion distances for the acupuncture needle results in an unstable jet that deposited poor quality fibers that, in turn, affects the next adjacent path. The material quality is notably affected by the direct‐writing speed, which became unstable above 10 mm min−1. Coupled with a dual head printer, first melt electrospinning, then melt electrowriting could be performed in a single, automated process for the first time. Overall, the approach used here resulted in some of the smallest melt electrospun fibers reported to date and the smallest diameter fibers from a medical‐grade degradable polymer using a melt processing technology.
Case study: The Harbor Bridge in Bratislava
Authors: Venglár Michal , Sokol Milan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBratislava Harbor Bridge is an important part of Slovak highway and railway network. The authorities of the bridge (Railways of the Slovak Republic and National Motorway Company) cannot afford to close it. In the case of closure, traffic in Bratislava would be paralyzed, as up to 100,000 vehicles pass the bridge daily. Because of that, only dynamic tests during operation are possible, but the mentioned companies do not possess a sophisticated measurement system for structural health monitoring purposes. Therefore, a preliminary proposal of a measuring system has been prepared, in accordance with the fact that the bridge is one of the most complex structures in Slovakia. An initial and subsequent validated and verified FEM model have been used for numerical calculations. Time history analysis has also been used for verification and validation of the FEM model. This article also presents a comparison of current results of operational modal analysis and results of numerical analysis. It includes the recommendations for the fib Model Code 2020 (MC2020) as well.
Finding Meaning in Intermedial Gaps
Authors: Simonson Mary 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMedia is generally conceptualized as any communicative conduit that conveys ideas or meaning between one place or person and another. However, media products—and particularly intermedial products—do not always transmit meanings and ideas smoothly. This chapter explores a series of historical and contemporary media objects and performances that do not facilitate “successful” transfers of meaning, partly due to their intermedial configurations. Each of these media objects and performances both conceal and reveal, either accidentally as a byproduct of experimentation with the medium’s modalities or purposefully as an aesthetic, social, or cultural intervention. The author argues that these concealments and intermedial “gaps” generate new modes of expression, new artistic experiences for audiences and performers, and new conceptual understandings of existing genres and media.
Towards an Intermedial Ecocriticism
Authors: Bruhn Jørgen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe starting point for this chapter is that natural scientific research on the ecological crisis must be communicated by media products to the general public, industries, and policymakers. Such communication takes place via a wide array of different media types, from arts and literature to journalism and politics—media types that are, broadly speaking, the objects of environmental humanities. The problem is that it is very difficult to analyse, discuss, and compare such a diversity of texts or media products (here called ecomedia). This chapter tries to combine the basic ideas of ecocriticism concerning the environmental crisis with the vocabulary and analytical possibilities developed in intermedial studies to perform such a task, resulting in what the author calls intermedial ecocriticism. The chapter sketches out the main theoretical backgrounds of this position and suggests taking an analytical approach. It also compares and discusses two different media products: an online popular science article from CarbonBrief and a Danish novel about climate change.
Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean Energy Resources
Authors: Giuli Marco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe discoveries of sizeable gas resources in the Eastern Mediterranean have raised expectations in Europe for two main reasons: the possibility of enhancing Europe’s energy security by way of an additional source of supply; and the possibility that the development of these resources could trigger political stability in a volatile section of the EU neighborhood. This chapter will explore the opportunities for Europe and the technical, commercial, and political obstacles with Eastern Mediterranean energy resources, arguing that despite the potential, Eastern Mediterranean resources are no game changer for the EU’s energy security, and that regional stability remains a precondition to their development rather than an outcome of it.
Understanding Trust and Cloud Computing: An Integrated Framework for Assurance and Accountability in the Cloud
Authors: Lynn Theo , van der Werff Lisa , Fox Grace 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Trust is regularly cited as one the main barriers for increased adoption of cloud computing, however conceptualisations of trust in cloud computing literature can be simplistic. This chapter briefly introduces the trust literature including definitions and antecedents of trust. Following an overview of cloud computing, we discuss some of the cited barriers to trust in cloud computing, and proposed mechanisms for building trust in the cloud. We present a high-level framework for exploring assurance (trust building) and accountability (trust repair) in the cloud and call for a more integrated multi-stakeholder approach to trust research in this multi-faceted context.
Dear Cloud, I Think We Have Trust Issues: Cloud Computing Contracts and Trust
Authors: Lynn Theo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cloud computing is the dominant paradigm in modern computing, used by billions of Internet users worldwide. It is a market dominated by a small number of hyperscale cloud service providers. The overwhelming majority of cloud customers agree to standard form click-wrap contracts, with no opportunity to negotiate specific terms and conditions. Few cloud customers read the contracts that they agree to. It is clear that contracts in cloud computing are primarily an instrument of control benefiting one side, the cloud service provider. This chapter provides an introduction to the relationship between psychological trust, contracts and contract law. It also offers an overview of the key contract law issues that arise in cloud computing and introduces some emerging paradigms in cloud computing and contracts.
Ethics and Cloud Computing
Authors: Murphy Brid , Rocchi Marta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
While the benefits of cloud computing are widely acknowledged, it raises a range of ethical concerns. The extant cloud computing literature reports specific ethical perspectives on focussed topics in this domain, but does not explicitly refer to a specific ethical conception or reference point. This chapter provides an overview of ethics and ethical theories, which can be used to analyse the use of cloud technology and the complex multi-stakeholder structure of the industry. It is critical that cloud providers and users recognise that they effectively shape the morality of the cloud computing context through their interactions with other providers and users, and with the platform itself. Both stakeholder sets must be accountable for the possibilities offered by the technology. While pertinent regulation is continuously evolving, it is unlikely to advance at a similar rapid pace to that of innovation in the cloud computing industry. It is therefore essential that ethics is carefully considered to orient cloud computing towards the good of society.
Trustworthy Cloud Computing
Authors: Alofe Olasunkanmi Matthew , Fatema Kaniz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTrustworthy cloud computing has been a central tenet of the European Union cloud strategy for nearly a decade. This chapter discusses the origins of trustworthy computing and specifically how the goals of trustworthy computing—security and privacy, reliability, and business integrity—are represented in computer science research. We call for further inter- and multi-disciplinary research on trustworthy cloud computing that reflect a more holistic view of trust.
Chemical Breath
Authors: Hardon Anita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChemical Breathpresents two focused ethnographies that look at the relationship between young people and the inhaling of tobacco and synthetic cannabinoids. The first comes from a group of young people in Paris who smoke electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), who refer to themselves as “vapoteurs,” and the second comes from a group of young people in Makassar who smoke synthetic cannabinoids. The young people partaking in these popular practices value the social bonding they experience; they are also bombarded with social media messages encouraging the use of these products. And both face harms that may increase the precariousness of their lives: the Makassarian youth face imprisonment if discovered, and the health consequences of these synthetics are not fully understood. Similarly, the Parisian youth also risk lung damage, as vaping, while advertised as “safer” and sought out as a means to reduce the harms associated with cigarette smoke, exposes consumers to chemicals that either are understudied or known to be threats to health. The chapter concludes by pointing how these young people’s lives would benefit from sensible government regulation.
Chemical Creativity
Authors: Hardon Anita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe microdosing of mind-altering substances, like LSD and magic mushrooms, is a trend among young creatives, who report enhanced creativity, improved focus, and other productivity-enhancing effects. This chapter,Chemical Creativity, describes how both users and researchers have been exploring the range of effects of microdosing, including through more experimental ethnographic research. Using virtual ethnography, we analyzed drug users’ narratives of their personal experiences, practices, and motivations with microdosing. We also collaborated with participants using online platforms focused on drug experimentation to generate data, combining their collective experiences while acknowledging individual expertise. Finally, we reviewed research on clinical trials that compare the effects of psychoactive substances, like LSD, with placebos. What emerges is a clearer picture of the benefits of microdosing, how dosages are tweaked, and how users engage in “harm reduction from below” by spreading their cautionary tales within the microdosing world. In so doing, we offer a glimpse into how this relatively new practice develops, as it gains popularity with both laypeople and the academic and scientific communities.
Chemical Futures
Authors: Hardon Anita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere we turn to the strategies that young people use to prevent chemical harms, not just those related to single chemicals but also those related to the feedback loops and compounding effects generated by the multiplicity of chemicals in daily life.Chemical Futurestakes as an example youth activists in France, the Générations Cobayes, and their mobilization against endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We examine what contributes to the relative invisibility of toxic risk, pointing especially to the role of corporations in generating uncertainty about scientific evidence. The ChemicalYouth project engaged in a range of collaborative, youth-led projects that demonstrate the many ways youth may be engaged in “harm reduction from below.” We suggest that a ChemicalYouth 2.0 project might involve a wider range of researchers, advisors, and laboratories, to make more visible the multiple toxicities that make up young people’s everyday lives. Finally, we argue that governments should team up with youth and complement their efforts with “harm reduction from above” initiatives to regulate unsafe chemicals and support youths’ efforts to observe the effects of chemicals on their bodies and share information with others.
National Memory in the Making: Gendered Re-Configurations of Martyrdom in Post-revolutionary Tunisia
Authors: Lachenal Perrine 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungTreating the category of “martyr” as socially constructed and contested along gendered and political lines, this chapter examines how heroes and martyrs have been produced and deployed in post-revolutionary Tunisia. It begins by examining governmental attempts, launched soon after the revolution, to monopolize and institutionally define who could benefit from official recognition as a martyr. It then unpacks the differences in definitions of “martyrdom” between official institutions and families of the deceased, arguing that “martyr” is a moral category, the boundaries of which are often drawn in terms of differing masculinities. The chapter goes on to demonstrate how the category of “martyrs of the nation” has progressively overshadowed the category of “martyrs of the revolution” in official memorial practices, as the commemoration of the revolution has progressively focused on its uniformed victims, leaving out the civilian ones.
The Year 1979 as a Turning Point in Syrian Theatre: From Politicization to Critical Humanism
Authors: Pannewick Friederike 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter investigates a crucial turning point in the writing of Syrian dramatist Saadallah Wannous (1941–1997) in the late 1970s. This internationally acclaimed author belonged to a generation of Arab intellectuals and artists whose political and artistic identities were strongly shaped by the question of Palestine. After the Camp David Accords of 1978 and the resulting Egypt-Israel peace treaty, signed in 1979, Wannous attempted suicide and stopped writing plays for more than ten years. This chapter shows how the plays he published after this self-imposed silence moved away from a didactic, political theater and towards psychological studies focusing on individuals as well as minority and gender issues. This chapter asks whether the significant aesthetic and conceptual turn in Wannous’s work from the early 1990s onwards might go beyond the concerns of a specific individual artist. To what extent does it mark a generational shift in regard to the meaning and connotations of political art?
1968 and the “Long 1960s”: A Transregional Perspective
Authors: Derichs Claudia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe year 1968 has a special meaning in some parts of the world, but other regions do not attach as much importance to it. While the view from Europe tends to assert the existence of a “global 1968,” the timeline may look quite different from another vantage point. This chapter addresses “1968 and beyond” or the “long 1960s,” as the period is often referred to, as a time of global transformations, but with particular local manifestations in terms of ideological underpinnings and legitimations for (violent) action. Israel’s defeat of Arab armies and Indonesia’s tragic events of the 1960s paved the way for a gradual strengthening of various Islamic missionary and activist movements that spread across both regions and gained huge mobilizing momentum subsequently. This period had vast repercussions for decades to come (e.g. in terms of “Islamization” in many countries around the globe).
Non-linearly realized discrete symmetries
Authors: Das Saurav , Hook Anson 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
While non-linear realizations of continuous symmetries feature derivative interactions and have no potential, non-linear realizations of discrete symmetries feature non-derivative interactions and have a highly suppressed potential. These Goldstone bosons of discrete symmetries have a non-zero potential, but the potential generated from quantum corrections is inherently very highly suppressed. We explore various discrete symmetries and to what extent the potential is suppressed for each of them.
A family of equivalent norms for Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Fiorenza Alberto , Jain Pankaj 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIf $$\psi :[0,\ell ]\rightarrow [0,\infty [$$

ψ
:
[
0
,
ℓ
]
→
[
0
,
∞
[

is absolutely continuous, nondecreasing, and such that $$\psi (\ell )>\psi (0)$$

ψ
(
ℓ
)
>
ψ
(
0
)

, $$\psi (t)>0$$

ψ
(
t
)
>
0

for $$t>0$$

t
>
0

, then for $$f\in L^1(0,\ell )$$

f
∈

L
1

(
0
,
ℓ
)

, we have $$\begin{aligned} \Vert f\Vert _{1,\psi ,(0,\ell )}:=\int \limits _0^\ell \frac{\psi '(t)}{\psi (t)^2}\int \limits _0^tf^*(s)\psi (s)dsdt\approx \int \limits _0^\ell |f(x)|dx=:\Vert f\Vert _{L^1(0,\ell )},\quad (*) \end{aligned}$$

‖
f
‖

1
,
ψ
,
(
0
,
ℓ
)

:
=

∫
0
ℓ

ψ
′

(
t
)

ψ

(
t
)

2

∫
0
t

f
∗

(
s
)

ψ

(
s
)

d
s
d
t
≈

∫
0
ℓ

|
f

(
x
)

|
d
x

=

:
‖
f
‖

L
1

(
0
,
ℓ
)

,

(

∗
)

where the constant in $$ > rsim $$
≳
depends on $$\psi $$
ψ
and $$\ell $$
ℓ
. Here by $$f^*$$

f
∗

we denote the decreasing rearrangement of f. When applied with f replaced by $$|f|^p$$

|
f
|

p

, $$1<p<\infty $$

1
<
p
<
∞

, there exist functions $$\psi $$
ψ
so that the inequality $$\Vert |f|^p\Vert _{1,\psi ,(0,\ell )}\le \Vert |f|^p\Vert _{L^1(0,\ell )}$$

‖
|
f
|

p

‖

1
,
ψ
,
(
0
,
ℓ
)

≤

‖
|
f
|

p

‖

L
1

(
0
,
ℓ
)

is not rougher than the classical one-dimensional integral Hardy inequality over bounded intervals $$(0,\ell )$$

(
0
,
ℓ
)

. We make an analysis on the validity of $$(*)$$

(

∗
)

under much weaker assumptions on the regularity of $$\psi $$
ψ
, and we get a version of Hardy’s inequality which generalizes and/or improves existing results.