bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute pain after breast surgery and reconstruction: A two‐institution study of surgical factors influencing short‐term pain outcomes
Authors: Azad Amee D. , Bozkurt Selen , Wheeler Amanda J. , Curtin Catherine , Wagner Todd H. , Hernandez‐Boussard Tina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAcute postoperative pain following surgery is known to be associated with chronic pain development and lower quality of life. We sought to analyze the relationship between differing breast cancer excisional procedures, reconstruction, and short‐term pain outcomes.MethodsWomen undergoing breast cancer excisional procedures with or without reconstruction at two systems: an academic hospital (AH) and Veterans Health Administration (VHA) were included. Average pain scores at the time of discharge and at 30‐day follow‐up were analyzed across demographic and clinical characteristics. Linear mixed effects modeling was used to assess the relationship between patient/clinical characteristics and interval pain scores with a random slope to account for differences in baseline pain.ResultsOur study included 1402 patients at AH and 1435 at VHA, of which 426 AH and 165 patients with VHA underwent reconstruction. Pain scores improved over time and were found to be highest at discharge. Time at discharge, 30‐day follow‐up, and preoperative opioid use were the strongest predictors of high pain scores. Younger age and longer length of stay were independently associated with worse pain scores.ConclusionsYounger age, preoperative opioid use, and longer length of stay were associated with higher levels of postoperative pain across both sites.
Functional outcomes over time following perineal pseudocontinent colostomy reconstruction after abdominoperineal resection for ultralow rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Souadka Amine , Majbar Mohammed Anass , Essangri Hajar , Amrani Laila , Benkabbou Amine , Mohsine Raouf , Souadka Abdelilah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPseudocontinent‐perineal colostomy (PCPC) following abdominoperineal resection (APR) is a promising technique associated with good quality of life. This study evaluates over time the functional results after PCPC using the Kirwan score.MethodsAll PCPC patients operated on from January 2001 to January 2016 were followed with their functional results assessed at four checkpoints. A/B Kirwan scores and a 48 to 72 hours colonic irrigation rhythm were considered “good” and “convenient” and their overall variations over time were assessed by means of Cochran's Q test corrected by Bonferroni post hoc test.ResultsFifty‐seven eligible patients were included in the study with 33 (58%) women. We noted a significant difference in both Kirwan score and colic irrigation rhythm during the four checkpoints in follow‐up with Q(1) = 85.01 and Q(2) = 69. 86. By the fourth checkpoint, 86% of patients had a Kirwan score of A/B. Concerning the rhythm of colonic irrigation, there was a significant improvement between 6 months and other checkpoints. In the second year, 63% of patients reduced their colonic irrigation rhythm.ConclusionsThe functional results of PCPC after APR improve and stabilize from 6 months to 1 year after surgery thus making PCPC a good alternative that surgeons can present to their patients.
Predictors of hemodynamic instability in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Ma Lulu , Shen Le , Zhang Xiuhua , Huang Yuguang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIntraoperative hemodynamic instability is common in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. The aim of this study was to identify the predictive risk factors of intraoperative hemodynamic instability.MethodsA total of 428 patients having elective resection of pheochromocytoma and/or paraganglioma at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2014 and July 2019 were included. The association between preoperative parameters and the incidence of intraoperative hemodynamic instability were evaluated. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the predictive risk factors of hemodynamic instability.ResultsPatients with intraoperative hemodynamic instability were more prone to have elevated levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Binary Logistic regression showed the risk factors of hemodynamic instability were tumor size >5.0 cm (odds ratio [OR], 1.889; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.243‐2.870; P = .003) and five‐fold increases of urine epinephrine (OR, 2.195; 95% CI, 1.242‐3.880; P = .007).ConclusionsIntraoperative hemodynamic instability is common despite adequate preoperative medical treatment. Tumor size and high level of urinary epinephrine are tumor‐related factors for intraoperative hemodynamic instability. Identifying these factors can help clinicians to manage patients more effectively and improve patients' outcomes.
Identification of Specific Endobronchial Ultrasound Features to Differentiate Sarcoidosis From Other Causes of Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Cheng Wen‐Chien , Shen Meng‐Fang , Wu Biing‐Ru , Liao Wei‐Chih , Chen Chih‐Yu , Chen Wei‐Chun , Chen Chia‐Hung , Tu Chih‐Yen 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesWe hypothesized that specific endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) features may differentiate sarcoidosis from other causes of lymphadenopathy.MethodsWe conducted this retrospective observational study from January 2014 to January 2019 to analyze patients with intrathoracic lymphadenopathy who underwent EBUS‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Ultrasound features, including nodal size, margin, echogenicity, the presence or absence of calcification, a central hilar structure, the coagulation necrosis sign, nodal conglomeration, and the septal vessel sign in the color Doppler mode were recorded and compared between 3 groups.ResultsOf the 90 included patients, 15 had a diagnosis of tuberculosis; 56 had a diagnosis of sarcoidosis; and 19 had a diagnosis of malignant lymph nodes by EBUS‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration. The presence of nodal conglomeration (94.6% versus 60.0% versus 5.3%; P < .001), the septal vessel sign in the color Doppler mode (55.4% versus 13.3% versus 15.8%; P = .002), and a distinct margin (73.2% versus 13.3% versus 47.4%; P < .001) were significantly higher in the sarcoidosis group than in the tuberculosis lymphadenopathy and malignant lymph node groups. The presence of the coagulation necrosis sign (8.9% versus 93.3% versus 31.6%; P < .001) was significantly lower in the sarcoidosis group than in tuberculosis lymphadenopathy and malignant lymph node groups. A multivariate analysis showed that the presence of nodal conglomeration, the absence of coagulation necrosis, and the presence of the septal vessel sign in the color Doppler mode were independent predictive factors for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.ConclusionsThe presence of nodal conglomeration, the absence of coagulation necrosis, and the presence of the septal vessel sign in the color Doppler mode in lymph nodes on EBUS are predictive of sarcoidosis.
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Using a Single Transcartilage Needle Electrode During Thyroidectomy
Authors: Lee Hyoung S. , Seo Sang G. , Kim Dong Y. , Kim Sung W. , Choi Young , Lee Kang D. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesApplication of transcartilage needle electrode for intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during thyroidectomy has been considered an alternative method of electromyography (EMG) tube recording. However, needle electrodes must be inserted into both sides of the thyroid cartilage with exposure of the cartilage lamina. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of applying a single ipsilateral transcartilage needle electrode for IONM during unilateral hemithyroidectomy.MethodsThirty‐four patients underwent IONM during unilateral thyroidectomy. A dual disposable needle electrode was inserted obliquely into the inferior lower third of the ipsilateral lamina of the thyroid cartilage. Patients were classified as deep (≥ 5 mm) or superficial (< 5 mm) by the depth of the needle electrode inserted into the thyroid cartilage. Without using an EMG tube, IONM was done according to the standardized procedure using a single needle electrode only.ResultsIONM was successful in all nerves at risk. Amplitude of the EMG signal was stable during the surgery, with no cases presenting loss of signal. Amplitude of the signal from vagal and recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation was significantly lower when needle insertion was superficial (< 5 mm). None of the patients showed postoperative vocal cord paralysis, and complications related to needle electrode were not identified.ConclusionIONM using a single ipsilateral transcartilage needle electrode during unilateral hemithyroidectomy was feasible with no significant complications. It may serve as an alternative method of IONM with the advantage of minimal exposure of the thyroid cartilage lamina.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:448–452, 2021
Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Supercontinuum Laser‐Induced Cutaneous Thermal Injuries and Their Repair With OCT Images
Authors: Fan Yingwei , Ma Qiong , Xin Shenghai , Peng Ruiyun , Kang Hongxiang 
Published: June 2020

Background and ObjectivesLaser‐induced thermal injuries are a heavily researched topic in laser medicine and biomedicine. To explore the quantitative biological effects of laser‐induced injury repair, we propose an optical imaging‐based in vivo evaluation method and discuss the injury effect and repair characteristics of skin tissue.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA supercontinumm laser (spectrum width ranged from 400 to 2400 nm) was used to irradiate live mice. The radiation doses were set as 32.85, 65.69, 98.4, and 197.08 J/cm2. Laser‐induced cutaneous thermal injuries were observed and measured after laser radiation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to image the injured spots. The optical attenuation coefficient (OAC) was computed using a Fourier‐domain algorithm. Three‐dimensional (3D) visualizations of the injured spots in the OCT images were constructed to qualitatively demonstrate the degree of the thermal injury at different times. The corresponding pathological changes of the skin injuries were observed dynamically.ResultsUnder increasing radiation doses, the injured spots, which ranged in degree from mild to severe, appeared accordingly. The mean OAC value of normal skin was 1.15 ± 0.01 mm−1. The mean values of the OAC maps in the region of interests (ROIs) were 0.88 ± 0.05, 0.91 ± 0.02, 0.93 ± 0.04, and 0.98 ± 0.08 mm−1 at each of the four radiation levels, respectively. Additionally, the 3D OCT visualization showed a directed view of the injured spots and the healing process and was used as a qualitative evaluation method. The OCT images and pathological results showed that the damage tended to vary across all groups, but this trend tended to weaken as the radiation dose increased.ConclusionOptical imaging provides an in vivo noninvasive and real‐time evaluation method to comprehensively quantify supercontinuum laser‐induced thermal injuries and wound healing. The OACs and 3D visualizations of the OCT cubic data enable the areas of the direct injured spots to be measured and the inner structure to be viewed. The results obtained with these techniques indicate that the skin injuries are aggravated and tissue repair trends weaken as the radiation doses increase. This method would have a potential application for laser‐medicine and laser‐biological effects in the future. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Cardiopulmonary Function and Aerobic Exercise in Parkinson's: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Aburub Aseel , Ledger Sean J. , Sim Julius , Hunter Susan M. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundCardiorespiratory impairments are considered the main cause of mortality in the late stages of Parkinson's. Aerobic exercise has been shown to improve pulmonary function in asthmatic patients and in healthy people. However, effects of aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary function in people with Parkinson's have not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to review the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiopulmonary function in people with Parkinson's.MethodsA systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, AMED, CINHAL Plus, and relevant associated keywords, from January 1970 to January 2020. Inclusion criteria for the studies were: aerobic exercise as part of the intervention, pulmonary function test, and/or cardiopulmonary exercise test as outcome measures.ResultsIn total, 329 citations were identified from the search, of which nine were included in this review. In general, aerobic exercise was found to have positive effects on cardiac function for people with Parkinson's, but there is a lack of studies on the effects of aerobic exercise on pulmonary function.ConclusionPeople with early stages of Parkinson's may experience positive effects of aerobic exercise on cardiac fitness. Further research is needed in this area, particularly into the effects of aerobic exercise on pulmonary function in early stages of the disease.
Viral filtration using carbon‐based materials
Authors: Matharu Rupy Kaur , Porwal Harshit , Chen Biqiong , Ciric Lena , Edirisinghe Mohan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractViral infections alone are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and have a detrimental impact on global healthcare and socio‐economic development. The discovery of novel antiviral treatments has gained tremendous attention and support with the rising number of viral outbreaks. In this work, carbonaceous materials, including graphene nanoplatelets and graphene oxide nanosheets, were investigated for antiviral properties. The materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Analysis showed the materials to be two‐dimensional with lateral dimensions ranging between 1 and 4 µm for graphene oxide and 110 ± 0.11 nm for graphene nanoplatelets. Antiviral properties were assessed against a DNA virus model microorganism at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt/v%. Both carbonaceous nanomaterials exhibited potent antiviral properties and gave rise to a viral reduction of 100% across all concentrations tested. Graphene oxide nanosheets were then incorporated into polymeric fibres, and their antiviral behaviour was examined after 3 and 24 hr. A viral reduction of 39% was observed after 24 hr of exposure. The research presented here showcases, for the first time, the antiviral potential of several carbonaceous nanomaterials, also included in a carrier polymer. These outcomes can be translated and implemented in many fields and devices to prevent viral spread and infection.
Compact K/Ka‐band dipole antenna element with ball grid array packaging
Authors: Liu Xiubo , Zhang Wei , Hao Dongning , Liu Yanyan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA compact K/Ka‐Band dipole antenna element with ball grid array packaging is proposed. The antenna is divided into two parts, one is a cuboid antenna element fabricated on a FR4 printed circuit board, and the other is a grounded coplanar waveguide feed line fabricated on a motherboard. To minimize the size of the antenna element, we use three‐dimensional structure to design the antenna element. The dipole patches are fabricated on the top layer of the antenna element, and the ball grid array is on the bottom layer of the antenna element. Plated through holes connect solder balls and dipole patches. Finally, the antenna element is mounted on the motherboard. We designed, manufactured and measured the antenna prototypes. The details of the antenna design and the measurement results are presented and discussed.
Initial evaluation of a convolutional neural network used for noninvasive assessment of coronary artery disease severity from coronary computed tomography angiography data
Authors: Podgorsak Alexander R. , Sommer Kelsey N. , Reddy Abhinay , Iyer Vijay , Wilson Michael F. , Rybicki Frank J. , Mitsouras Dimitrios , Sharma Umesh , Fujimoto Shinchiro , Kumamaru Kanako K. , Angel Erin , Ionita Ciprian N. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeCoronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) has one of the highest diagnostic sensitivities for detection of the significance of coronary artery disease (CAD); however, sensitivity is moderate and may result in increased catheterization rates. We performed an efficacy study to determine whether a trained machine learning algorithm that uses coronary CTA data may improve CAD diagnosis accuracy.MethodsSixty‐four‐patient image datasets based on coronary CTA were retrospectively collected to generate eight views considering 45° increments around the coronary artery centerline. The dataset was randomly split into training and testing cohorts. Invasive FFR measurements were used as ground truth labels. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained and the model’s capacity to predict severity of CAD was assessed on the testing cohort. Classification accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis were performed. Similar CAD severity classification accuracy and AUROC analyses were performed using only percent diameter stenosis (%DS) and CT‐derived FFR performed by 13 operators with various levels of expertise.ResultsClassification accuracy over the test cohort was 80.9% using the trained network and 72.4% using the user‐operated CT‐derived FFR software. AUROC over the test cohort was 0.862 using the trained network, 0.807 using %DS, and 0.758 using the human‐operated CT‐derived FFR software.ConclusionsA trained neural network compared noninferiorly in‐terms of classification accuracy and AUROC with human operators of a CT‐derived FFR software, and in‐terms of AUROC with clinical decision‐making using %DS.
A straightforward catalytic approach to obtain deuterated chloroform at room temperature
Authors: Higuera‐Padilla Angel Ruben , Kock Flávio Vinícius Crizóstomo , Batista Alzir Azevedo , Colnago Luiz Alberto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe report the catalytic activity for the complexes—cis‐[RuCl2(dppb)(bipy)] (A), and [η6‐(p‐cymene)Ru (dppb)Cl]PF6 (B), wherein dppb = 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphine)butane, and bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridine—for the synthesis of CDCl3 from CHCl3 using D2O as deuterium source. H/D exchange reactions were performed using a chloroform/D2O, 1:2 molar ratio, vigorously stirred, at room temperature. One mole of KOH was dissolved in D2O fraction and catalytic complexes from 0.002 to 0.05 mmol were dissolved in chloroform. The H/D exchange reactions were monitored using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance sequences without proton decoupling. The reaction using 0.01 mmol of compound A reached approximately 55% of H/D conversion in 1 h. In the same time, the reactions with 0.002 mmol of compound A and without catalyst show approximately 28% and 3% H/D exchange, respectively. Without the catalysts, the H/D exchange was only 12.0% in 5 h. For compound B, 55% H/D conversion was observed in 1 h, only when 0.05 mmol was used, which is much higher catalyst concentration. After the isolation of the chloroform fraction and two more addition of D2O, it was possible to obtain 95.0% H/D exchange in approximately 3 h, using 0.01 mmol of the compound A. Therefore, compound A is an efficient catalyst for a rapid and straightforward synthesis of CDCl3 from CHCl3 at room temperature and using D2O as deuterium source.
Columnwise neighborhood search: A novel set partitioning matheuristic and its application to the VeRoLog Solver Challenge 2019
Authors: Jagtenberg Caroline J. , Maclaren Oliver J. , Mason Andrew J. , Raith Andrea , Shen Kevin , Sundvick Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article reports on an approach for the VeRoLog Solver Challenge 2019: the fourth solver challenge facilitated by VeRoLog, the EURO Working Group on Vehicle Routing and Logistics Optimization. The authors were awarded third place in this challenge. The routing challenge involved solving two interlinked vehicle routing problems for equipment: one for distribution (using trucks) and one for installation (using technicians). We describe our solution method, based on a matheuristics approach in which the overall problem is heuristically decomposed into components that can then be solved by formulating them as set partitioning problems. To solve these set partitioning problems we introduce a novel method we call “columnwise neighborhood search,” which allows us to explore a large neighborhood of the current solution in an exact manner. By iteratively applying mixed‐integer programming methods, we obtain good quality solutions to our subproblems. We then use a simple local search “fusion” heuristic to further improve the solution to the overall problem. Besides introducing and discussing this solution method, we highlight the problem instances for which our approach was particularly successful in order to obtain general insights about our methodology.
Implementation of a new strain split to model unilateral contact within the phase field method
Authors: Nguyen Thanh‐Tung , Yvonnet Julien , Waldmann Danièle , He Qi‐Chang 
Published: June 2020

SummaryA new orthogonal split of strain tensor into compressive and tensile parts is implemented within the phase field model to mimic unilateral contact condition with which any existing cracks and any crack propagation have to comply. The resulting phase field model offers several advantages as compared to other available schemes. First, it involves rigorous orthogonality between traction and compression parts. Second, it yields remarkably simple, new analytical expressions of the projectors which provide computational saving during the crack propagation simulation. Finally, it can be applied to arbitrary initial elastic anisotropic media, which is not the case of other available strain tensor split operators. A detailed comparison of the fracture responses predicted by the present model and other approaches is provided. It is shown that the present orthogonal decomposition is able to accurately predict experimental results and removes spurious effects found in other schemes for specific loads like compression.
Enhancement in isothermal crystallization and thermomechanical properties of poly(L‐lactic acid) filled with carbon fiber powder
Authors: Chen Li , Pang Xiujiang , Yu Guangshui , Liu Jiwen , Hu Haiqing , Zhao Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarbon fiber (CF) is one good carbon filler for polymer modification. The aspect ratio of CF is supposed to affect the modification. In this research, the dependence of the crystallization behavior and thermomechanical properties of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) upon the aspect ratio of CF was investigated systematically by utilizing various characterizations, including polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity. Results indicated that carbon fiber powder (CFP) with smaller aspect ratio displayed more obvious heterogeneous nucleation and accelerating effect on the isothermally melt crystallization of PLLA matrix than normal CF with bigger aspect ratio. In the meanwhile, CFP had less adverse effect on the perfection of α crystal of PLLA than CF. Compared with PLLA or PLLA/CF composite, the tensile strength or the elongation at break of PLLA/CFP composite could be enhanced through proper annealing treatment. The bigger upshift of Tg determined by dynamic mechanical analysis indicated superior adhesion between PLLA and CFP in PLLA/CFP composites to that in PLLA/CF composites. Besides, CFP improved the thermal stability and thermal conductivity of PLLA composites more efficiently than CF.