bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TO THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING THE ETHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERSON
Authors: R. Ismagilova Regina , R. Sibaeva Gulnaz , I. Ishmuradova Izida , A. Khayrullin Bulat 
Published: December 2019

Purposes: The crisis in modern humanitarian science testifies to the need to search for a new approach that goes beyond the boundaries of the natural-science approach, which in its turn involves addressing to the origins of our culture, expanding the categorical apparatus and methodological basis of psychology. In individual consciousness, the spiritual crisis is expressed in the loss of the ideals of life. Therefore, at the present stage of the development of society, the need for a philosophical and psychological analysis of spiritual and moral ideas and their role in the formation of the individual is felt with particular severity.
Methodology: In the framework of the activity approach embodied in the works of S. L. Rubinstein, the main provisions were formulated, which are of special methodological importance for the solution of this problem. In particular, these are provisions on the study of the human psyche through its manifestations in the main types of activity and the influence on the activities of external causes, not directly, but indirectly, through its internal, psychological conditions.
Results: This article is devoted to the description of the results of an empirical study carried out from the position of the activity approach and aimed at revealing the level of ethical behavior of adolescence and youth ages. The urgency of the study is due to the fact that the tendency of the transition from the theoretical-descriptive to the experimental-developing technology of research of ethical characteristics is clearly manifested in the work.
Implications/Applications: This article could be practical in predicting the problems regarding the study of Ethical Characteristics of person and help the audience to broaden their information in this vein.
Novelty/Originality: In one case, the individual in the process of communicating with other people, assimilates universal values, the experience of moral relations, develops beliefs and moral ideals, in the other can under the influence of communication become attached to completely opposite values, degrade morally
MAJOR AREAS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE SPEECH ACTIVITY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IMPROVEMENT
Authors: A. Valeev Agzam , G. Kondrateva Irina , R. Sabirova Diana , F. Plotnikova Nailya 
Published: December 2019

Purposes: Increased international activity in Russia leads to a steady claim of foreign language knowledge. The list of professional characteristics of a university graduate includes the ability to adapt to new information realities in the professional community, where foreign language speech activities become highly demanded, when not only language skills, but also social and cultural arrangements of the country. Thus, innovative approaches to foreign language teaching are required. The article explored the following aspects of foreign-language speech activity of university students. Methodology: methodology of teaching foreign-language speech activity; principles of development of foreign language speech activity of students; realization of educational resources for this activity development; model of pedagogical technology of formation of foreign language speech activity, etc. Result: The results of the pilot work showed the validity of using the principles of the development of foreign language speech activities in the organization of the educational process. Implications/Applications: This article will help the student to promote the ability to give a speech. Novelty/Originality: At the same time, being a type of speech activity, foreign language communication in the process of training solves, in turn, educational and development tasks by means of a foreign language sign system, where the whole set of speech actions of the individual is actually present.
Anemia during different trimesters of pregnancy and hypertensive disorders are associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in Bekwai Municipality, Ghana: protocol for a prospective cohort study.
Authors: Acheampong Kwabena , Pan Xiongfeng , Liu Aizhong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Data examining whether anemia during different trimesters of pregnancy affects maternal and birth outcomes is lacking. Studies typically look at associations between risk factors and anemia or anemia and birth outcomes but have limited information as to whether birth outcomes differ with different trimesters of anemia. The main objective of this study is to determine whether anemia during different trimesters of pregnancy and hypertension disorders is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in Ghana.Methods: This will be a primary analysis of data from a hospital-based prospective cohort study in four selected hospitals in the Bekwai Municipality, Ghana from February 2020 to August 2020. All singleton pregnancy at less than 20 weeks to women with at least one hemoglobin measure during pregnancy will be included. The risk of maternal and perinatal outcomes will be measured. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the baseline characteristics of our cohort. Baseline characteristics of the two groups will be compared using Pearson Chi-square (χ2) test for categorical variables; the independent t-test and Mann–Whitney U test for parametric and nonparametric continuous variables, respectively. The risk associated with anemia and maternal and perinatal outcomes, using the history of anemia (Hb<11g/dL) in different trimesters will be calculated by logistic regression analysis, conditional on the baseline covariates. Possible confounding variables will be identified from background data, obstetric risk factors, and health behaviors. Multivariate analysis of significant effects (p<0.05) will be based on multiple logistic regression analysis. Confidence intervals will be evaluated at 95%. Data will be coded and examined using the SPSS program IBM version 20.Discussion: The better understanding of whether anemia during different trimesters of pregnancy and hypertension disorders is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in Bekwai Municipality of Ghana. This study will establish targets for early intervention and identify risk factors to save and improve the lives of pregnant women and inborn by developing solutions that promote the quality and accountability of health services for the most vulnerable. These findings will be served as a policy document to governments in designing effective programs to curb the increasing prevalence of anemia and its associated health consequences.
Lifetime Patient Outcomes and Healthcare Utilization for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) and Extreme Preterm Infants: A Microsimulation Study
Authors: Thavorn Kednapa , Katwyk Sasha van , Augustine Sajit , Thébaud Bernard 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objectives Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is among the most severe chronic lung diseases and predominantly affects premature infants. There is a general understanding of BPD’s significant impact on the short-term outcomes however there is little evidence on long-term outcomes. Our study estimates the lifetime clinical outcomes, quality of life, and healthcare costs of BPD and associated complications.Methods We developed a microsimulation model to estimate lifetime clinical and economic burden of BPD among extreme preterm infants (≤28 weeks gestational age at birth) and validated it against the best available Canadian data. We further estimate the cumulative incidence of major complications associated with BPD, differentiated by BPD severity and gestational age category.Results We find, on average, patients with BPD and resulting complications will incur over CAD$700,000 in lifetime health systems costs. We also find the average life expectancy of BPD patients to be moderately less than that of the general population and significant reductions in quality-adjusted life year due to major complications. Healthcare utilization and quality of life measures vary dramatically according to BPD severity, suggesting significant therapeutic headroom for interventions that can prevent or mitigate the effects of BPD for patients.Conclusions Our study adds a significant expansion of existing evidence by presenting the lifetime burden of BPD based on key patient characteristics. Given the extreme cost burden at the earliest stage of life and lifetime negative impact on quality of life, there is larger headroom for investment in prevention and mitigation of severe BPD than is currently available.
Natural history of gastroesophageal reflux in infancy: new data from a prospective cohort.
Authors: Chotard Marlene Curien- , Jantchou Prévost 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
ObjectiveGastroesophageal reflux (GER) is common in infants. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined as GER leading to troublesome symptoms that affect daily functioning and/or complications. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and progression of GER and GERD in a cohort of healthy term infants from birth to 12 months old.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study including all full-term living neonates born at Besançon Teaching Hospital, France. Exclusion criteria were: congenital anomaly. Parents completed a clinical report form and the Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R) at 1, 3, 6, 10, and 12 months of age. GER was defined as score ≥1 to the first question with I-GERQ-R score < 16 ; and GERD as score ≥1 to the first question with I-GERQ-R score ≥ 16.Findings 157/347 births were included (83 boys). The prevalence of regurgitation at least once a day was 45.7% overall. In total: 72%, 69%, 56%, 18% and 13% of infants regurgitated at least once a day at 1, 3, 6, 10, and 12 months of age, respectively. Physiological GER affected 53%, 59%, 51%, 16%, and 12% of infants; GERD, 19%, 9%, 5%, 2%, and 2%, respectively. Two risk factors were identified: family history of GER and exposure to passive smoking. Treatment included dietary modification (14%) and pharmacotherapy (5%).ConclusionPhysiological GER peaked at 3 months, GERD at 1 month. Most cases resolved on their own. Parents should be reassured/educated regarding symptoms, warning signs, and generally favorable prognosis. Pharmacologic agents are justified only for ascertained GERD. I-GERQ-R does not replace more invasive investigations to confirm diagnosis in selected cases.
Production routes to bio-acetic acid: Life cycle assessment
Authors: Budsberg Erik , Morales-Vera Rodrigo , Crawford Jordan , Bura Renata , Gustafson Rick 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Similar to biofuels, numerous chemicals produced from petroleum resources can also be made from biomass. In this research we investigate cradle to biorefinery exit gate life cycle impacts of producing acetic acid from poplar biomass using a bioconversion process. A key step in developing acetic acid for commercial markets is producing a product with 99.8% purity. This process has been shown to be potentially energy intensive and in this work two distillation and liquid-liquid extraction methods are evaluated to produce glacial bio-acetic acid. Method one uses ethyl acetate for extraction. Method: two uses alamine and diisobutyl ketone. Additionally two different options for meeting energy demands at the biorefinery are modeled. Option one involves burning lignin and natural gas onsite to meet heat/steam and electricity demands. Option two uses only natural gas onsite to meet heat/steam demands, purchases electricity from the grid to meet biorefinery needs, and sells lignin from the poplar biomass as a co-product to a coal burning power plant to be co-fired with coal. System expansion is used to account for byproducts and co-products for the main life cycle assessment. Allocation assessments are also performed to compare the life cycle tradeoffs of using system expansion, mass allocation, or economic allocation for bio-acetic acid production. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine potential effects of a decrease in the fermentation of glucose to acetic acid.Results: Global warming potential (GWP) and fossil fuel use (FFU) for ethyl acetate extraction range from 1000 - 2500 kg CO 2 eq. and 32 - 56 GJ per tonne of acetic acid, respectively. Alamine and diisobutyl ketone extraction method GWP and FFU ranges from -370 - 180 kg CO 2 eq. and 15 - 25 GJ per tonne of acetic acid, respectively.Conclusions: Overall the alamine/diisobutyl ketone extraction method results in lower GWP and FFU values compared to the ethyl acetate extraction method. Only the alamine/diisobutyl extraction method finds GWP and FFU values lower than those of petroleum based acetic acid. For both extraction methods, exporting lignin as a co-product produced larger GWPs and FFU values compared to burning the lignin at the biorefinery.
The Sabadell score is an independent predictor of five-year outcome after critical care discharge
Authors: Morton Ben , Penston Victoria , McHale Phillip , Hungerford Daniel , Dempsey Ged 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Critical care survivors frequently suffer persistent morbidity and increased risk of mortality compared to the general population. However, there are no standardised tools to identify at-risk patients to target potential interventions. Our aim was to establish whether the “Sabadell score”, a simple tool applied upon critical care discharge, is an independent predictor of five-year mortality.Methods: Prospective observational cohort study of adults admitted to a mixed critical care unit at Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Sabadell score applied to all patients from September 2011 to December 2017. Primary outcome: five-year mortality assessed using a multivariable flexible parametric survival analysis adjusted for demographics, and clinically relevant covariates. Primary outcome: Adults discharged alive following critical care admission. Results: There were 5954 patients with a minimum of 18 months follow-up. Mean age was 59.5 (SD±17) and 57.1% were male. Patients were categorised into Sabadell scores, zero (38.4%), one (47.9%), two (10.5%) and three (3.1%). Adjusted hazard ratios for mortality were 2.09 (C.I. 1.85–2.36), 3.95 (C.I. 3.39–4.60) and 21.04 (C.I. 17.24–25.68) respectively. Sabadell score three predicted 99.9%, 99.5%, 98.5% and 87.4% mortality at five years for patients ³80 (aHR 3.37), 60-79 (aHR 2.52), 40-59 (aHR 2.03) and 16-39 respectively. A Sabadell score of two predicted 71.0%, 52.7%, 44.8% and 23.7% mortality at five years for these age categories.Conclusions : Sabadell score is an independent predictor of five-year survival after critical care discharge. These findings could be used to guide provision of increased support for patients after critical care discharge and/or informed discussions with patients and relatives about dying to ascertain their future wishes.
Considerações sobre o plano de marketing para as microempresas brasileiras
Authors: Kuazaqui Edmir 
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo apresentar os principais conceitos de marketing aplicados pelas microempresas dentro de uma breve contextualização de um plano de marketing. O desenvolvimento e a evolução teórica partiram de pesquisa bibliográfica e da pesquisa de campo e observacional do autor do artigo. O objetivo não é esgotar o assunto nem tampouco construir um Plano de Marketing, mas, sim, de contribuir para a discussão, o aprendizado e a utilização do marketing mix no segmento das microempresas de forma mais assertiva. Concluiu-se que é inegável a importância das microempresas para qualquer país. Sua contribuição reside principalmente na inserção econÿmica e social. Deve-se frisar que as microempresas são as grandes responsáveis pela geração de empregos em nosso país, denotando seu destaque sob a óptica social e ecológica. Mais do que uma forma transitória de ganhar dinheiro, a realidade das microempresas deve ser analisada como um fenÿmeno econÿmico e social capaz de gerar crescimento regional e, consequentemente, global
Fabrication and characterization of polyvinylidene fluoride/zinc oxide membranes with antibacterial property
Authors: Xiong Juan , Gong Yexia , Ma Cong , Zuo Xingtao , He Jiajie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe hydrophilic and antimicrobial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was fabricated by phase inversion method. The prepared membranes with various concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and membrane properties were investigated in terms of hydrophilicity, water flux, BSA solution filtration experiments, etc. Antibacterial testing was also performed to examine the practicability of the PVDF-ZnO membranes in overcoming biofouling. The results of FTIR and XRD confirmed the presence of ZnO NPs in the polymer matrix. The membrane performance demonstrated the significance of hydrophilic nanoparticles towards the enhancement of membrane properties. The optimum amount of ZnO NPs was 1.5 wt% with a lower contact angle as well as highest flux and lowest filtration resistance. The presence of ZnO NPs in the membrane matrix exhibited a strong antibacterial activity increased with the increasing ZnO NPs' content. Incorporation of ZnO NPs into PVDF membranes may have great potential in developing high-performance antifouling membranes for separation process.
Optimization of diazo dye disappearance by the UV/H2O2 process using the Box–Behnken design
Authors: Laftani Yasmine , Chatib Baylassane , Boussaoud Abdelghani , El Makhfouk Mohammed , Hachkar Mohsine , Khayar Mohammed 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to apply the experimental Box–Behnken design (BBD) to evaluate the effect and, therefore, the optimal values of three chosen factors on the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 process to decolorize Ponceau S (PS) aqueous solutions. The factors studied at three levels were the irradiated volume of dye solution, the dye solution turbidity and the H2O2 dosage. The equations generated, analysis of variance (ANOVA), contour plots and response surface plots were used to analyze the relationship between independent variables and the outcomes of experiments. The fitted model was significant, with an adjusted coefficient of determination (adj-R2 = 0.9835). The results showed that factors such as H2O2 dosage and irradiated volume were the main parameters that affected the decolorization efficiency of the PS aqueous solution, while the turbidity had a slight effect on the response. In addition, significant values were obtained for irradiated volume and H2O2 dosage interaction and square terms of all studied factors. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for decolorization of the PS aqueous solution were found to be an irradiated volume of 257.59 mL, a turbidity of 13 NTU and an H2O2 dosage of 1.76 mM.
Sponge roads: the permeable asphalt pavement structures based on rainfall characteristics in central plains urban agglomeration of China
Authors: Guo Xiaodong , Zhang Jiupeng , Zhou Bochao , Liu Wolong , Pei Jianzhong , Guan Yongsheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Permeable asphalt pavement should be selected according to the rainfall characteristics of the project site, so as to improve the permeable performance and ensure the bearing capacity of the pavement structure. Therefore, taking a city in the central plains urban agglomeration of China as an example, the characteristics of the rainstorm intensity distribution and cumulative rainfall are analyzed, and a combination scheme of drainage surface layer asphalt pavement suitable for rainfall characteristics in this area is proposed. Then, the pavement structure design is systematically carried out based on the permeable capacity and bearing capacity. The results show that under the rainfall conditions in this area, there is no surface runoff on the permeable asphalt pavement with 120 mm drainage surface layer, which is suitable for the medium traffic grade of urban roads with cumulative equivalent axle loads of 10 million to 12 million times.
Saponins of Panax japonicus Confer Neuroprotection against Brain Aging through Mitochondrial Related Oxidative Stress and Autophagy in Rats
Authors: Wan Jing-zhi , Wang Rui , Zhou Zhi-yong , Deng Li-li , Zhang Chang-cheng , Liu Chao-qi , Zhao Hai-xia , Yuan Cheng-fu , He Yu-min , Dun Yao-yan , Yuan Ding , Wang Ting 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a vital role in the pathogenesis
of brain aging. Saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ) have attracted much attention for their potential
to attenuate age-related oxidative stress as the main ingredient in rhizomes of Panax japonicus.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of SPJ on natural aging rats as
well as the underlying mechanisms regarding oxidative stress and mitochondrial pathway.

Methods:
Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control groups (3-, 9-, 15- and 24-month old groups)
and SPJ-treated groups. For SPJ-treated groups, SPJ were orally administrated to 18-month old rats at
doses of 10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg once daily. Control groups were given the same volume of
saline. After the treatment with SPJ or saline for six months, the cortex and hippocampus were rapidly
harvested and deposited at -80°C after the rats were decapitated under anesthesia. The neuroprotective
effects of SPJ were estimated by histopathological observation, TUNEL detection, biochemical determination
and western blotting.

Results:
SPJ improved pathomorphological changes in neuronal cells and decreased apoptosis in the
cortex and hippocampus of aging rats, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione
peroxidase (GSH-Px), Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase whereas, decreased
malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the cortex of aging rats. Furthermore, the SPJ increased
silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1) protein expression, decreased acetylated
level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in the cortex and
hippocampus of aging rats, and reversed the aging-induced decline of Forkhead box O3 (Foxo3a), Superoxide
Dismutase 2 (SOD2), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3II) and Beclin1 levels
in the cortex and hippocampus.

Conclusion:
Our data showed that SPJ conferred neuroprotection partly through the regulation of oxidative
stress and mitochondria-related pathways in aging rats.
TIMP-2 Polymorphisms Define Subtypes of Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage with Distinct Perihematomal Edema Development Patterns
Authors: Chen Ru , Song Zhi , Deng Mingzhu , Zheng Wen , Liu Jia , Huang Lihua 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Perihematomal edema (PHE) is a major threat leading to poor functional
outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). TIMP-2 is considered to participate in the formation
of PHE after ICH by antagonizing the damaging effects of MMP-2. In the early study, the polymorphisms
of TIMP-2 rs8179090 have shown to influence the expression of TIMP-2.

Objective:
To prove that the severity of PHE was different in ICH patients with different TIMP-2
rs8179090 genotypes.

Methods:
In this prospective study, 130 hypertensive ICH patients were enrolled. The poly phisms
of rs8179090 in TIMP-2 were determined. The hematoma volume and PHE volume were measured
by computed tomography (CT) scan immediately after the onset of ICH, and were measured
again one week and two weeks after the onset. Then, the comparison of TIMP-2 rs8179090 genotypes
was made.

Result:
TIMP-2-418 position (rs8179090) had two genotypes in the studied population, GC and
GG. Patients with the GC genotype developed more severe PHE, with a higher incidence of delayed
cerebral edema in cerebral hemorrhage than those with the GG genotype.

Conclusion:
We have found that the GC genotype group may develop more severe PHE, with an
increased incidence of delayed cerebral edema in cerebral hemorrhage.