bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketone Ester Treatment Improves Cardiac Function and Reduces Pathologic Remodeling in Preclinical Models of Heart Failure
Authors: Yurista Salva R. , Matsuura Timothy R. , Silljé Herman H.W. , Nijholt Kirsten T. , McDaid Kendra S. , Shewale Swapnil V. , Leone Teresa C. , Newman John C. , Verdin Eric , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Kelly Daniel P. , Westenbrink B. Daan 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Accumulating evidence suggests that the failing heart reprograms fuel metabolism toward increased utilization of ketone bodies and that increasing cardiac ketone delivery ameliorates cardiac dysfunction. As an initial step toward development of ketone therapies, we investigated the effect of chronic oral ketone ester (KE) supplementation as a prevention or treatment strategy in rodent heart failure models.

Methods:
Two independent rodent heart failure models were used for the studies: transverse aortic constriction/myocardial infarction (MI) in mice and post-MI remodeling in rats. Seventy-five mice underwent a prevention treatment strategy with a KE comprised of hexanoyl-hexyl-3-hydroxybutyrate KE (KE-1) diet, and 77 rats were treated in either a prevention or treatment regimen using a commercially available β-hydroxybutyrate-(R)-1,3-butanediol monoester (DeltaG; KE-2) diet.

Results:

The KE-1 diet in mice elevated β-hydroxybutyrate levels during nocturnal feeding, whereas the KE-2 diet in rats induced ketonemia throughout a 24-hour period. The KE-1 diet preventive strategy attenuated development of left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling post-transverse aortic constriction/MI (left ventricular ejection fraction±SD, 36±8 in vehicle versus 45±11 in KE-1;
P
=0.016). The KE-2 diet therapeutic approach also attenuated left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling post-MI (left ventricular ejection fraction, 41±11 in MI-vehicle versus 61±7 in MI-KE-2;
P
<0.001). In addition, ventricular weight, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, and the expression of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) were significantly attenuated in the KE-2–treated MI group. However, treatment with KE-2 did not influence cardiac fibrosis post-MI. The myocardial expression of the ketone transporter and 2 ketolytic enzymes was significantly increased in rats fed KE-2 diet along with normalization of myocardial ATP levels to sham values.

Conclusions:
Chronic oral supplementation with KE was effective in both prevention and treatment of heart failure in 2 preclinical animal models. In addition, our results indicate that treatment with KE reprogrammed the expression of genes involved in ketone body utilization and normalized myocardial ATP production following MI, consistent with provision of an auxiliary fuel. These findings provide rationale for the assessment of KEs as a treatment for patients with heart failure.
SHARPEN: A Scheme to Restore the Distribution of Averaged Precipitation Fields
Authors: Tan Jackson , Huffman George J. , Bolvin David T. , Nelkin Eric J. , Rajagopal Manikandan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA key strategy in obtaining complete global coverage of high-resolution precipitation is to combine observations from multiple fields, such as the intermittent passive microwave observations, precipitation propagated in time using motion vectors, and geosynchronous infrared observations. These separate precipitation fields can be combined through weighted averaging, which produces estimates that are generally superior to the individual parent fields. However, the process of averaging changes the distribution of the precipitation values, leading to an increase in precipitating area and decrease in the values of high precipitation rates, a phenomenon observed in IMERG. To mitigate this issue, we introduce a new scheme called SHARPEN, which recovers the distribution of the averaged precipitation field based on the idea of quantile mapping applied to the local environment. When implemented in IMERG, precipitation estimates from SHARPEN exhibit a distribution that resembles that of the original instantaneous observations, with matching precipitating area and peak precipitation rates. Case studies demonstrate its improved ability in bridging between the parent precipitation fields. Evaluation against ground observations reveals a distinct improvement in precipitation detection skill, but also a slightly reduced correlation likely because of a sharper precipitation field. The increased computational demand of SHARPEN can be mitigated by striding over multiple grid boxes, which has only marginal impacts on the accuracy of the estimates. SHARPEN can be applied to any precipitation algorithm that produces an average from multiple input precipitation fields and is being considered for implementation in IMERG V07.
Spectral Wave Energy Dissipation due to Under-Ice Turbulence
Authors: Herman Agnieszka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDissipation within the turbulent boundary layer under sea ice is one of many processes contributing to wave energy attenuation in ice-covered seas. Although recent observations suggest that the contribution of that process to the total energy dissipation is significant, its parameterizations used in spectral wave models are based on fairly crude, heuristic approximations. In this paper, an improved source term for the under-ice turbulent dissipation is proposed, taking into account the spectral nature of that process (as opposed to parameterizations that are based on the so-called representative wave), as well as effects related to sea ice concentration and floe-size distribution, formulated on the basis of the earlier results of discrete-element modeling. The core of the new source term is based on an analogous model for dissipation due to bottom friction derived by Weber in 1991 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112091003634). The shape of the wave energy attenuation curves and the frequency dependence of the attenuation coefficients are analyzed in detail for compact sea ice. The role of floe size in modifying the attenuation intensity and spectral distribution is illustrated by calibrating the model to observational data from a sudden sea ice breakup event in the marginal ice zone.
Study of Ageostrophy during Strong, Nonlinear Eddy-Front Interaction in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Hiron Luna , Nolan David S. , Shay Lynn K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Loop Current (LC) system has long been assumed to be close to geostrophic balance despite its strong flow and the development of large meanders and strong frontal eddies during unstable phases. The region between the LC meanders and its frontal eddies was shown to have high Rossby numbers indicating nonlinearity; however, the effect of the nonlinear term on the flow has not been studied so far. In this study, the ageostrophy of the LC meanders is assessed using a high-resolution numerical model and geostrophic velocities from altimetry. A formula to compute the radius of curvature of the flow from the velocity field is also presented. The results indicate that during strong meandering, especially before and during LC shedding and in the presence of frontal eddies, the centrifugal force becomes as important as the Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force: LC meanders are in gradient-wind balance. The centrifugal force modulates the balance and modifies the flow speed, resulting in a subgeostrophic flow in the LC meander trough around the LC frontal eddies and supergeostrophic flow in the LC meander crest. The same pattern is found when correcting the geostrophic velocities from altimetry to account for the centrifugal force. The ageostrophic percentage in the cyclonic and anticyclonic meanders is 47% ± 1% and 78% ± 8% in the model and 31% ± 3% and 78% ± 29% in the altimetry dataset, respectively. Thus, the ageostrophic velocity is an important component of the LC flow and cannot be neglected when studying the LC system.
How Accurate Are Satellite-Derived Surface Solar Radiation Products over Tropical Oceans?
Authors: Tang Wenjun , Yang Kun , Qin Jun , Li Jun , Ye Jiangang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurface solar radiation (SSR) over the ocean is essential for studies of ocean–atmosphere interactions and marine ecology, and satellite remote sensing is a major way to obtain the SSR over ocean. A new high-resolution (10 km; 3 h) SSR product has recently been developed, mainly based on the newly released cloud product of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project H series (ISCCP-HXG), and is available for the period from July 1983 to December 2018. In this study, we compared this SSR product with in situ observations from 70 buoy sites in the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array (GTMBA) and also compared it with another well-known satellite-derived SSR product from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES; edition 4.1), which has a spatial resolution of approximately 100 km. The results show that the ISCCP-HXG SSR product is generally more accurate than the CERES SSR product for both ocean and land surfaces. We also found that the accuracy of both satellite-derived SSR products (ISCCP-HXG and CRERS) was higher over ocean than over land and that the accuracy of ISCCP-HXG SSR improves greatly when the spatial resolution of the product is coarsened to ≥ 30 km.
Critical Care Documentation for the Dying Trauma Patient: Are We Recognizing Our Own Efforts?
Authors: Zolin Samuel J. , Bhangu Jasmin K. , Young Brian T. , Posillico Sarah E. , Ladhani Husayn A. , Claridge Jeffrey A. , Ho Vanessa P. 
Published: December 2020

Background Missed documentation for critical care time (CCT) for dying patients may represent a missed opportunity for physicians to account for intensive care unit (ICU) services, including end-of-life care. We hypothesized that CCT would be poorly documented for dying trauma patients. Methods Adult trauma ICU patients who died between December 2014 and December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Critical care time was not calculated for patients with comfort care code status. Critical care time on the day prior to death and day of death was collected. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with documented CCT. Results Of 147 patients, 43% had no CCT on day prior to death and 55% had no CCT on day of death. 82% had a family meeting within 1 day of death. Family meetings were independently associated with documented CCT (OR 3.69, P = .008); palliative care consultation was associated with decreased documented CCT (OR .24, P < .001). Conclusions Critical care time is not documented in half of eligible trauma patients who are near death. Conscious (time spent in family meetings and injury acuity) and unconscious factors (anticipated poor outcomes) likely affect documentation.
Readmission After Surgical Resection and Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Khan Sidrah , Chidi Alexis , Hrebinko Katherine , Kaltenmeier Christof , Nassour Ibrahim , Hoehn Richard , Geller David , Tsung Allan , Tohme Samer 
Published: December 2020

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Liver resections and transplantations have increasingly become feasible options for potential cure. These complex surgeries are inherently associated with increased rates of readmission. In the meanwhile, hospital readmission rates are rapidly becoming an important quality of care metric. Therefore, it is very important to understand the effect of 30-day readmission on mortality and the factors associated with increased 30- and 90-day mortality rates. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the National Cancer Database. Patients included were 18 years or older who underwent liver resection or liver transplantation for HCC between 2003 and 2011. Our primary outcomes of interest were 30- and 90-day mortality rates. Our primary independent variable of interest was 30-day readmission. Results 16 658 patients underwent either a liver resection or transplantation for HCC between 2003 and 2011. For patients with liver transplantations, increased readmission rates were associated with lower risks of 30-day mortality ( P = .012) but a trend toward higher 90-day mortality ( P = .057). Patients who underwent liver resection for HCC also demonstrated increased readmission rates to be associated with lower risk of 30-day mortality ( P = .014) but higher 90-day mortality ( P ≤ .001). Conclusion This is the only study to utilize a national database to investigate the association between readmission rates and mortality rates of both liver transplantations and resections for patients with HCC. We demonstrate 30-day readmission to show no increase in 30-day mortality, but rather higher 90-day mortality.
After-Hours/Nighttime Transfers Out of the Intensive Care Unit and Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Moshynskyy Anton I. , Mailman Jonathan F. , Sy Eric J. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: We evaluated the effects of after-hours/nighttime patient transfers out of the ICU on patient outcomes, by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD 42017074082). Data Sources: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library from 1987-November 2019. Conference abstracts from the Society of Critical Care Medicine, American Thoracic Society, CHEST, Critical Care Canada Forum, and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine from 2011-2019. Data Extraction: Observational or randomized studies of adult ICU patients were selected if they compared after-hours transfer out of the ICU to daytime transfer on patient outcomes. Case reports, case series, letters, and reviews were excluded. Study year, country, design, co-variates for adjustment, definitions of after-hours, mortality rates, ICU readmission rates, and hospital length of stay (LOS) were extracted. Data Synthesis: We identified 3,398 studies. Thirty-one observational studies (1,418,924 patients) were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Included studies had varying definitions of after-hours, with the after-hours period starting anytime between 16:00-22:00 and ending between 06:00-09:00. Approximately 16% of transfers occurred after-hours. After-hours transfers were associated with increased in-hospital mortality for both unadjusted (odds ratio [OR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-1.75, I2 = 96%, number of studies [n] = 26, P < 0.001, low certainty) and adjusted (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.25-1.38, I 2 = 33%, n = 10, P < 0.001, low certainty) data, compared to daytime transfers. They were also associated with increased ICU readmission (pooled unadjusted OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.18-1.38, I2 = 85%, n = 17, P < 0.001, low certainty) and longer hospital LOS (standardized mean difference 0.13, 95% CI 0.09-0.18, I 2 = 93%, n = 9, P < 0.001, low certainty), compared to daytime transfers. Conclusions: After-hours transfers out of the ICU are associated with increased in-hospital mortality, ICU readmission, and hospital LOS, across many settings. While the certainty of evidence is low, future research is needed to reduce the number and effects of after-hours transfers.
A critical review of the first six months of operation of a trial Hospital Outreach Post-suicidal Engagement (HOPE) service in Australia
Authors: Williamson Phoebe , Hope Judy , Segal Jose , Gill Lisa , Orr Michele , Trevorah Brooke , Garbutt Rebecca , Hurter Pieter 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To review the Hospital Outreach Post-suicidal Engagement (HOPE) service in the first six months of the pilot program in a metropolitan Melbourne setting, including a description of: (a) socio-demographic, health and psychosocial stressors of people referred; (b) method of presentation; (c) interventions provided and (d) outcomes measured. Method: A retrospective case file analysis reviewed the first six months of HOPE service operation. Results: Forty people received HOPE service during the study period, 60% female, mean age 35 years (range 17–58). The majority had previously engaged in self-harm (72.5%) or attempted suicide (67.5%). Stressors included social isolation, relationship breakdown, unemployment, financial stress, medical problems, history of mental illness, exposure to family violence and adverse childhood events. Statistically significant improvements occurred in the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and Session Rating Scale (SRS) following intervention. There were no deaths by suicide during the study period. Conclusion: People referred to HOPE had significant health and psychosocial stressors. Engagement significantly improved subjective well-being and connection with supports. Findings highlighted the need for an integrated clinical and psychosocial model to promote hope and connection in life post suicide attempt. It remains unclear which interventions improved well-being and if this contributes to suicide prevention.
Decreasing Racial Bias Through A Facilitated Game and Workshop: The Case of Fair Play
Authors: Pribbenow Christine Maidl , Caldwell Kyrie Eleison H. , Dantzler Donald Dejon , Brown Percy , Carnes Molly 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Fair Play is an avatar-based role-playing video game in which Jamal Davis, a Black graduate student at a research university, navigates implicit forms of racial bias to reach the win-state of earning his PhD and becoming a professor. Fair Play was designed to educate players on the existence of racial bias in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) fields in an experiential way and to encourage perspective-taking. Research has found that taking the perspective of another can induce empathy, which improves the empathizer’s attitudes towards individuals and groups. Paired with a facilitated workshop, Fair Play was also designed to teach bias concepts to increase participants’ bias literacy. Intervention. Research on workshops to reduce gender bias suggests that it increased awareness of personal bias, the motivation and self-efficacy to practice bias-reducing strategies, and a more welcoming department climate and the hiring of more women faculty three years after the intervention. Capitalizing on these findings, a 3-hour workshop was developed to reduce race-based bias against Black/African Americans in STEMM using Fair Play. Conclusions. The facilitation of the workshops and Fair Play requires particular competencies due to its topic (racial bias) and player’s skepticism about the reality of the bias incidents. Our data suggest that participants who identify as a person of color are more likely to believe that bias exists compared to White players, which can lead to a discussion about how the incidents in the game were designed and scripted. The facilitator also needs to be versed in a number of intentional design choices, such as Jamal not having voiceover and his success. Finally, this paper describes the Facilitator Game, which was developed as a complement to the game and allows a facilitator to jump to bias incidents quickly while debriefing and discussing the game to further participant learning.
The Household Financial Losses Triggered by an Immigration Arrest, and How State and Local Government Can Most Effectively Protect Their Constituents
Authors: Boyce Geoffrey Alan , Launius Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Through a survey of 125 long-term resident households in Pima County, Arizona, this study finds that an immigration arrest costs each household an average of more than $24,000. These costs accumulate through the value of assets seized and not recovered, out-of-pocket costs for hiring an attorney, immigration bond, and other expenses involved in supporting an immediate family member as they navigate the immigration court system. But they also include lost income due to disruptions to employment resulting from the arrest, and a physical inability to work while in detention, appearing in court, and immediately following deportation. In this article, we discuss how, when measured at the scale of the household, these financial costs fail to discriminate according to immigration or citizenship status, and accumulate to affect issues of poverty, education, housing security, health and development, and generational wealth inequality — all matters of sustained interest to state and local government. In the second half of the article, we draw on our research findings to evaluate various policies that states, counties, and municipalities can implement to mitigate these financial burdens while promoting the overall well-being of their constituents. Policies considered include: The “Immigrant Welcoming City” paradigm The limitation of routine cooperation and custody transfer between local and federal law enforcement Expanding access to permissible forms of identification Universal representation for immigration defendants The cultivation of community bond funds The promotion of worker-owned cooperatives Although these kinds of state or local initiatives cannot replace meaningful federal action on immigration reform, they can do much to provide relief and promote economic security for established immigrant and mixed-status families living in the United States, while contributing to overall community well-being and economic vitality.
Outcomes Associated With Fibrin Sealant Use in Lateral Neck Dissections
Authors: Stanisce Luke , Lai Michael , Ahmad Nadir , Spalla Thomas C. , Reid Lisa M. , Gaughan John P. , Koshkareva Yekaterina 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether the use of fibrin sealant tissue adhesives during lateral neck dissections is associated with a change in postoperative outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingInstitutionally affiliated tertiary care center.MethodsVarious demographic, disease, and surgical data were collected for patients who underwent lateral neck dissections. Univariate regression analysis was performed with the following outcomes: total drain output and duration of drain placement, as well as incidence of postoperative infection, hematoma, seroma, chyle leak, and salivary leak.ResultsA total of 133 patients underwent lateral neck dissections. Fibrin sealant was used in 35% of cases (n = 46). Its use was not associated with differences in total drain output (P =. 77) or the number of days that the drains were in place (P =. 83). On secondary analysis, the use of fibrin sealant was not associated with a difference in postoperative incidence of hematoma (P =. 65), seroma (P =. 68), chyle leak (P =. 42), or salivary leak (P =. 73). These results were consistent when stratified by the presence of intraoperative complications. Its use accompanied an average cost of $674 per case.ConclusionsFibrin sealant use during lateral neck dissections was not associated with a reduction in drain output or days that the drains remained in situ. Although the current study was limited by sample size, fibrin sealant use was not associated with a decreased risk of postoperative adverse events. The evidence in this report suggests that the routine use of these products adds cost without clear benefit.