bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible M−M Bonding by Alkaline Earth Metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) in Graphite Intercalation Compounds
Authors: Xu Wei , Kozma Karoly , Sha Tianxiang , Wu Yi‐Jen , Nyman May , Lerner Michael M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe alkaline earth metals (M=Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) exhibit a +2 oxidation state in nearly all known stable compounds, but MI dimeric complexes with M−M bonding, [M2(en)2]2+, (en=ethylenediamine) of all these metals can be stabilized within the galleries of donor‐type graphite intercalation compounds (GICs). These metals can also form GICs with more conventional metal (II) ion complexes, [M(en)2]2+. Here, the facile interconversion between dimeric‐MI and monomeric‐MII intercalates upon the addition/removal of en are reported. Thermogravimetry, powder X‐ray diffraction, and pair distribution function analysis of total scattering data support the presence of either [M2(en)2]2+ or [M(en)2]2+ guests. This phase conversion requires coupling graphene and metal redox centers, with associated reversible M−M bond formation within graphene galleries. This chemistry allows the facile isolation of unusual oxidation states, reveals M0→M2+ reaction pathways, and present new opportunities in the design of hybrid conversion/intercalation materials for applications such as charge storage.
Giant Single‐Crystal Shape Transformation with Wide Thermal Hysteresis Actuated by Synergistic Motions of Molecular Cations and Anions
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Lei , Xue Jin‐Peng , Sun Xiao‐Peng , Zhao Yan‐Xin , Wu Shu‐Qi , Yao Zi‐Shuo , Tao Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractManipulating the collective molecular movements to implement macroscopic mechanical response of bulk material is attractive and challenging. Here, an organic‐inorganic hybrid single crystal is synthesized, which exhibits a giant macroscopic shape transformation with a remarkable thermal hysteretic feature. The colossal anisotropic shape change, which manifests as an abrupt elongation of ca. 9 % along the crystallographic c‐axis and a concomitant contraction of ca. 9 % in a perpendicular direction, is induced by a significant reorientation of imidazolium, accompanied with a substantial configurational variation in CuBr42− complex anions. The synergistic motions of both the molecular cations and anions engender a remarkable large thermal hysteresis (>30 K) in the shape transformation of the single crystal, implying that this material may play a role in alternating memory media. Furthermore, due to the stable crystal lattice, a single crystal that demonstrates naked‐eye detectable large shape transformation was used as a thermal actuator to spontaneously control an electric circuit by temperature variation.
Potenziale und Grenzen der Sekundärrohstoffgewinnung – Ergebnisse der r4‐Begleitforschung
Authors: Loibl Antonia , Marscheider‐Weidemann Frank , Ostertag Katrin , Rosenberg Sonja , Tercero Espinoza Luis , Pfaff Matthias , Sartorius Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDie sozioökonomischen und ökologischen Wirkungen ausgewählter Vorhaben der BMBF‐Fördermaßnahme „r4 – Innovative Technologien für Ressourceneffizienz – Forschung zur Bereitstellung wirtschaftsstrategischer Rohstoffe” werden dargestellt. Viele, aber nicht alle Forschungsvorhaben lassen eine Verbesserung der Versorgungssituation Deutschlands erwarten. In Grenzfällen ist die Hebung der Sekundärrohstoffquellen aber unrentabel oder ökologisch unvorteilhaft. Diese Fälle erfordern eine Abwägung zwischen Versorgungssicherheit und anderen ökonomischen und ökologischen Zielen.
How to interpret right ventricular remodeling in athletes
Authors: Sanz‐de la Garza María , Carro Amelia , Caselli Stefano 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLong‐lasting athletic training induces an overload on the heart that leads to structural, functional, and electrical adaptive changes known as the “athlete's heart.” The amount of this heart remodeling has been traditionally considered balanced between the left and the right heart chambers. However, during intense exercise, the right heart is exposed to a disproportional afterload and wall stress which over a long period of time could lead to more pronounced exercise‐induced changes. Highly trained athletes, especially those involved in endurance sport disciplines, can develop marked right ventricular (RV) remodeling that could raise the suspicion of an underlying RV pathology including arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). The distinction between physiological and pathological RV remodeling is essential as ACM is a common cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes, and high‐intensity exercise training has demonstrated to accelerate its phenotypic expression and worsen its prognosis. The distinction between physiological and pathological RV remodeling is essential since ACM is a common cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes, and high‐intensity exercise training has demonstrated to accelerate the phenotypic expression and worsen the prognosis. This article outlines the physiological adaptation of the RV to acute exercise, the subsequent physiological structural and functional changes induced by athletic training and provides useful tips of how to differentiate between physiological RV remodeling and a cardiomyopathy phenotype.
How Ligand Binding Affects the Dynamical Transition Temperature in Proteins
Authors: Krah Alexander , Huber Roland G. , Bond Peter J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe biochemical functions of proteins are activated at the protein glass transition temperature, which has been proposed to be dependent upon protein‐water interactions. However, at the molecular level it is unclear how ligand binding to well‐defined binding sites can influence this transition temperature. We thus report molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the ϵ subunit from thermophilic Bacillus PS3 in the ATP‐free and ligand‐bound states over a range of temperatures from 20 to 300 K, to study the influence of ligand association upon the transition temperature. We also measure the protein mean square displacement (MSD) in each state, which is well established as a means to quantify this dynamical temperature dependence. We find that the transition temperature is largely unaffected by ligand association, but the MSD beyond the transition temperature increases more rapidly in the ATP‐free state. Our data suggests that ligands can effectively “shield” a binding site from solvent, and hence stabilize protein domains with increasing temperature.
Antibody‐Based CAR T Cells Produced by Lentiviral Transduction
Authors: Prommersberger Sabrina , Hudecek Michael , Nerreter Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne promising approach to treat hematologic malignancies is the usage of patient‐derived CAR T cells. There are continuous efforts to improve the function of these cells, to optimize their receptor, and to use them for the treatment of additional types of cancer and especially solid tumors. In this protocol, an easy and reliable approach for CAR T cell generation is described. T cells are first isolated from peripheral blood (here: leukoreduction system chambers) and afterwards activated for one day with anti‐CD3/CD28 Dynabeads. The gene transfer is performed by lentiviral transduction and gene transfer rate can be verified by flowcytometric analysis. Six days after transduction, the stimulatory Dynabeads are removed. T cells are cultured in interleukin‐2 conditioned medium for several days for expansion. There is an option to expand CAR T cells further by co‐incubation with irradiated, antigen‐expressing feeder cell lines. The CAR T cells are ready to use after 10 (without feeder cell expansion) to 24 days (with feeder cell expansion). © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol: Generation of CAR T cells by lentiviral transduction
Tillering dynamics of ‘Mulato II’ brachiariagrass under continuous stocking
Authors: Silva Liliane S. , Silva Valdson J. , Yasuoka Junior I. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Pedreira Carlos G.S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLong‐term stand persistence is a desirable characteristic of sustainable grassland ecosystems, and tillering dynamics is an important determinant of persistence. Grazing intensity and nutrient supply affect tiller density, weight, and survival. Understanding the relationships among these factors can help optimize performance of grazed pastures. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of canopy height (10, 25, and 40 cm; maintained under mimicked continuous stocking) and N fertilization (50 and 250 kg ha−1 yr−1) on the tiller dynamics and canopy stability index (SI) of ‘Mulato II’ hybrid brachiariagrass (Brachiariaspp. syn.Urochloaspp.) during two growing seasons. Tiller population density (TPD) increased by 9% with greater N fertilization and decreased linearly from 1,130 to 900 tillers m−2as canopy height increased from 10 to 40 cm. Tiller weight (TW) increased from 0.39 to 1.46 g as canopy height increased from 10 to 40 cm, but TW decreased by 9% with a greater N rate. Tiller appearance rate increased by 30% and tiller survival rate (TSR) decreased by 13.5% as N rate increased. The TSR was greater for 25‐ and 40‐cm than for 10‐cm canopies (81, 82, and 74 tillers per 100 tillers per 30 d, respectively). The SI increased from 0.91 to 1.0 with increasing canopy height from 10 to 40 cm. Mulato II canopies followed the tiller size–density compensation mechanism, displaying phenotypic plasticity in response to canopy height, but these results suggest a 25‐cm canopy height is near optimal for continuously stocked Mulato II brachiariagrass pastures.
Effect of age and renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and safety of trimetazidine: An open‐label multiple‐dose study
Authors: Nenchev Nencho , Skopek Jiri , Arora Deepa , Samad Abdus , Kaplan Sigal , Domahidy Mónika , de Voogd Hanka , Böhmert Stella , Ramos Rita S. , Jain Shashank 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of age and renal impairment on pharmacokinetics of trimetazidine (TMZ) in healthy elderly and renally impaired subjects and assess safety and tolerability. In this open‐label, multi‐dose study, 73 subjects were divided into six treatment groups: (1) 55–65 years; (2) 66–75 years; (3) >75 years (dosing for groups 1–3 [healthy]: B.D. for 4 days), (4) mild renally impaired (dosed B.D. for 8 days); (5) moderate renally impaired (dosed O.D. for 8 days); and (6) severe renally impaired‐no dialysis (dosed once every 48 h for 8 days). Blood and urine samples were collected and analyzed. The geometric least squares mean ratios for; Group 2 and 1 of AUC(0−τ)ss was 112.2 (90% CI; 92.0–136.8) and Cmax,ss was 109.9 (89.6–134.8), Group 3 and 1 of AUC(0−τ),ss was 140.5 (115.9–170.3) and Cmax,ss was 137.8 (112.9–168.2), Group 4 and 1 of AUC(0−τ),ss was 114.2 (90.3–144.4) and Cmax,ss was 120.8 (92.5–157.8), Group 5 and 1 of; AUC(0−τ),ss was 213.0 (153.1–296.3) and Cmax,ss was 123.3 (92.2–164.7) and Group 6 and 1 of AUC(0−τ),ss was 247.4 (197.8–309.6) and Cmax,ss was 95.6 (73.0–125.1). Significant increase in systemic exposure of TMZ was observed in subjects; over 75 year's age and renally impaired compared to healthy subjects. TMZ was safe and well‐tolerated.
Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS‐CoV‐2 therapeutics
Authors: Gurwitz David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAt the time of writing this commentary (February 2020), the coronavirus COVID‐19 epidemic has already resulted in more fatalities compared with the SARS and MERS coronavirus epidemics combined. Therapeutics that may assist to contain its rapid spread and reduce its high mortality rates are urgently needed. Developing vaccines against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus may take many months. Moreover, vaccines based on viral‐encoded peptides may not be effective against future coronavirus epidemics, as virus mutations could make them futile. Indeed, new Influenza virus strains emerge every year, requiring new immunizations. A tentative suggestion based on existing therapeutics, which would likely be resistant to new coronavirus mutations, is to use available angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) blockers, such as losartan, as therapeutics for reducing the aggressiveness and mortality from SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infections. This idea is based on observations that the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) very likely serves as the binding site for SARS‐CoV‐2, the strain implicated in the current COVID‐19 epidemic, similarly to strain SARS‐CoV implicated in the 2002–2003 SARS epidemic. This commentary elaborates on the idea of considering AT1R blockers as tentative treatment for SARS‐CoV‐2 infections, and proposes a research direction based on datamining of clinical patient records for assessing its feasibility.
Insulin resistance is associated with impaired olfactory function in adult patients with type 1 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Falkowski Bogusz , Duda‐Sobczak Anna , Araszkiewicz Aleksandra , Chudzinski Maciej , Urbas Magdalena , Gajewska Ewa , Borucki Lukasz , Zozulinska‐Ziolkiewicz Dorota 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate whether insulin resistance is a predictor for decreased olfactory function in adult type 1 diabetes patients (T1DM).Materials and MethodsThe following parameters were examined in the group of 113 T1DM participants: body mass index (BMI), waist‐hip ratio (WHR), TG/HDL ratio, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), visceral fat (VF) in body bioimpedance, specific calculators (eGDR, VAI). Bilateral olfactory test score (BOTS) was performed using 12‐odour‐tests from Sniffin' Sticks. Then participants were allocated to one of two groups: normosmia (10‐12 odours identified) or hyposmia/anosmia (0‐9 odours). The association between BOTS and insulin resistance indicators was analyzed using: Spearman's rank correlation, multivariate linear regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results49.6% participants were diagnosed with hyposmia/anosmia, median BOTS was 10. BOTS correlated significantly with: WHR, TG, VF index, TG/HDL ratio, VAI, and eGDR. In multivariate linear regression analysis higher WHR turned out to be statistically significant independent predictor of lower BOTS (β = −0.36;P =.005) after adjustment for age, sex, TG and peripheral neuropathy (R2= 0.19;P= .0005). The ROC analysis indicated a WHR cut‐off of 0.92 [area under the ROC curve (AUC): 0.737; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.647‐0.828,P < .0001] as the best among evaluated factors significantly affecting hyposmia/anosmia occurrence (sensitivity of this cut‐off 0.50 and specificity 0.86).ConclusionsWe have provided evidence of an association between lowered insulin sensitivity expressed in bioelectrical impedance analysis, anthropometrical (WHR), laboratory (TG/HDL ratio) measurements, specific calculators (eGDR, VAI) and deteriorated olfactory function.
Habitat modeling of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in the Eastern Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Jackson‐Ricketts Justine , Junchompoo Chalatip , Hines Ellen M. , Hazen Elliott L. , Ponnampalam Louisa S. , Ilangakoon Anoukchika , Monanunsap Somchai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThe Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) is an endangered cetacean found throughout Southeast Asia. The main threat to this species is human encroachment, led by entanglement in fishing gear. Information on this data‐poor species’ ecology and habitat use is needed to effectively inform spatial management.LocationWe investigated the habitat of a previously unstudied group of Irrawaddy dolphins in the eastern Gulf of Thailand, between the villages of Laem Klat and Khlong Yai, in Trat Province. This location is important as government groups plan to establish a marine protected area.MethodsWe carried out boat‐based visual line transect surveys with concurrent oceanographic measurements and used hurdle models to evaluate this species’ patterns of habitat use in this area.ResultsDepth most strongly predicted dolphin presence, while temperature was a strong predictor of group size. The highest probability of dolphin presence occurred at around 10.0 m with an optimal depth range of 7.50 to 13.05 m. The greatest number of dolphins was predicted at 24.93°C with an optimal range between 24.93 and 25.31°C. Dolphins are most likely to occur in two primary locations, one large region in the center of the study area (11o54′18′′N to 11o59′23′′N) and a smaller region in the south (11o47′28′′N to 11o49′59′′N). Protections for this population will likely have the greatest chance of success in these two areas.Main ConclusionsThe results of this work can inform management strategies within the immediate study area by highlighting areas of high habitat use that should be considered for marine spatial planning measures, such as the creation of marine protected areas. Species distribution models for this species in Thailand can also assist conservation planning in other parts of the species’ range by expanding our understanding of habitat preferences.
Advantage of Fractional Calculus Based Hybrid‐Theoretical‐Computational‐Experimental Approach for Alternating Current Voltammetry
Authors: Guin Saurav K. , Ambolikar Arvind S. , Das Shantanu , Poswal Ashwini K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe dynamic electrochemical behavior of electroactive species is believed to be represented better by the fractional calculus, because it can consider the history of mass‐transfers of that species near the electrode surface. The elucidation of mathematical fundamentals of fractional calculus has been recently introduced for batteries, supercapacitors and a few voltammetry studies. The working equations for faradaic fundamental and second‐harmonic (SHac) components of alternating current (ac) for ac voltammetry of an electrochemically reversible redox reaction on an electrode of macroscopic diameter have been derived here by using generalized formulae of the fractional calculus. A computation code is written in Python language with a matrix based algorithm developed based on latest, accurate, efficient and stable Grunwald‐Letnikov‐Improved fractional‐order differentiation equation. That computational code is used to find the concealed faradaic fundamental, SHac components of the total current and other double‐layer parameters of experimentally recorded voltammograms of ruthenium(III/II) redox reaction on gold‐disc electrode by a common electrochemical workstation without having inbuilt Fourier transformation features. The amplitude of the computed faradaic current concealed in the experimental data gets enhanced through this hybrid theoretical‐computational‐experimental approach and thus it keeps scope of application and further improvement in electroanalysis.
Using wind run to predict sand drift
Authors: Baas Andreas C.W. , Jackson Derek W.T. , Delgado‐Fernandez Irene , Lynch Kevin , Cooper J. Andrew G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConventional aeolian sand transport models relate mass transport rate to wind speed or shear velocity, usually expressed and empirically tested on a 1‐s time scale. Projections of total sand delivery over long time scales based on these models are highly sensitive to any small bias arising from statistical fitting on empirical data. We analysed time series of wind speed and sand transport rate collected at 14 independent measurement stations on a beach during a prior field experiment. The results show that relating total sand drift to cumulative above‐threshold wind run yields models which are more statistically robust when fitted on empirical data, generating smaller prediction errors when projected to longer time scales. Testing of different power exponents indicates that a linear relationship between sand drift and above‐threshold wind run yields the best results. These findings inspire a speculative novel phenomenological model relating the mass flow of air in the boundary layer to the mass transport of sand over the surface. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fog computing‐based privacy preserving data aggregation protocols
Authors: Yildirim Okay Feyza , Ozdemir Suat , Xiao Yang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs the number of active Internet of Things (IoT) devices increases, managing and securing the enormous amount of data generated by these devices become harder. With their always‐connected smart meters and internet‐enabled electrical appliances, smart grids (SGs) are major data generation sources in IoT. Traditional SGs store and process their collected data in centralized cloud servers. Secure data aggregation (SDA) protocols play an essential role in efficient and private data collection and storage in cloud‐based SGs. Due to a high number of connected devices, centralized cloud‐based SGs may become inadequate to satisfy the processing and storage needs of the collected data. This article introduces two efficient and lightweight SDA protocols for fog computing‐based SGs (FCSG), namely, FCSG‐DF and FCSG‐P, as a complementary solution for processing and storage needs of cloud‐based SGs. By leveraging the distributed nature and other extended capabilities of fog computing, the proposed SDA protocols have a better response time with less computational overhead. Moreover, the privacy of fine‐grained energy consumption data is preserved with the help of the privacy‐preserving data aggregation processes in the hierarchical fog computing structure of FCSG. Extensive performance evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed protocols have superiority in terms of data transmission and storage efficiency compared to cloud‐assisted schemes without data aggregation. Both protocols are analyzed by comparing their success in transmission and storage efficiencies. Moreover, privacy analysis verifies that both protocols effectively ensure the privacy of the data in each layer.
Effect of straw returning on soil organic carbon in rice–wheat rotation system: A review
Authors: Jin Zhaoqiang , Shah Tariq , Zhang Li , Liu Hongyan , Peng Shaobing , Nie Lixiao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe rice–wheat rotation model of crop planting is widely used globally, and worldwide, straw returning is the main method of crop straw treatment. However, the straw return method commonly used in the modern rice–wheat rotation system has many adverse effects on the levels and improvement of soil fertility and crop yield, and there is no systematic theory of rice and wheat straw returning to use as a guide. In this paper, we concluded that: in the rice–wheat rotation system, returning 1,500–4,500 kg/ha of rice straw and 2,250–6,750 kg/ha of wheat straw to the field helps increase the organic carbon content and quality of the soil and promotes high annual yields; conventional mixing of straw into the field can increase the organic carbon content of the soil in a short time; long‐term use of concentrated ditch‐buried straw return has obvious advantages over other straw returning methods in increasing the accumulation of soil organic carbon; the combination of little or no tillage plus straw returning helps increase the content and quality of organic carbon in soil; and when the soil water content is 15%–22.5%, it is the most conducive to the accumulation of soil organic carbon. In addition, we also provide relevant suggestions for future research directions on straw returning via systematic analyses and thought processes.