bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
US national treatment admissions with opioids and benzodiazepines
Authors: Arfken Cynthia L. , Owens Darlene D. , Greenwald Mark K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsOpioids and benzodiazepines (O/BZD) are increasingly involved in drug overdose deaths in the USA. Expanding treatment capacity may reduce these deaths. Knowledge about co‐occurring O/BZD admissions compared to opioid admissions (opioid) is needed to plan this expansion.Design and MethodsUS treatment admissions to specialty facilities for 2011–2017 were analysed for trends and 2017 for group differences. Due to 1.9 million admissions in 2017, comparisons between O/BZD and opioid admissions were summarised as effect sizes. Additional analysis compared the administratively pre‐coded category ‘other opiates and synthetics’ to other opiates and synthetics/benzodiazepines admissions to control for possible similarity in drug source. Differences within O/BZD admissions by primary drug were explored.ResultsAlthough opioid admissions showed a steady increase over time (25.9% to 38.2%), O/BZD admissions showed increases until decline in 2017 (3.2% to 4.0%). In 2017 no factor reached moderate effect size (≥0.2) in group comparisons or within the O/BZD admissions. Heroin was self‐reported in 70% of both O/BZD and opioid admissions.Discussion and ConclusionsNo meaningful US national differences on data routinely collected were found for O/BZD compared to opioid admissions including the subgroup with other opiates and synthetics only. Efforts to expand existing opioid treatment in specialty treatments may help reduce opioid and O/BZD deaths. However, the analysis could not address whether changes in treatment would improve outcomes.
E‐cigarette use and cigarette smoking initiation among Australian women who have never smoked
Authors: Melka Alemu , Chojenta Catherine , Holliday Elizabeth , Loxton Deborah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimEvidence regarding the association between e‐cigarette use and subsequent initiation of smoking mostly relates to the US population. In Australia, no studies are available investigating the association between the uses of e‐cigarettes and smoking initiation among young adults who have never smoked. This study aimed to determine the association between lifetime e‐cigarette use and subsequent initiation of cigarette smoking among tobacco‐naïve Australian women aged 20–27.Design and MethodsThe current study used data (n = 5398) from the third (2015) and fourth (2016) surveys collected from a cohort of Australian women born in 1989–1995 who participated in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the association between lifetime e‐cigarette use at the baseline survey and initiation of cigarette smoking (smoked 100 cigarettes or more in the last year) at the follow up adjusting for possible confounders. Effects were expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe mean (± SD) age of the study participants at baseline (third survey) was 22.5 (±1.7). Ever e‐cigarette use at baseline was positively associated with smoking initiation at follow up (adjusted odds ratio 3.71; 95% confidence interval 2.33, 5.93). History of depression, binge drinking and higher childhood adversity score were also risk factors for subsequent smoking initiation in the follow up.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study identified a strong association between e‐cigarette use and subsequent initiation of smoking. Enforcing the existing restriction of sale and supply of e‐liquid containing nicotine is essential to prevent never smokers from nicotine addiction via e‐cigarettes.
Approaches to screening for hyperglycaemia in pregnant women during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Meek C. L. , Lindsay R. S. , Scott E. M. , Aiken C. E. , Myers J. , Reynolds R. M. , Simmons D. , Yamamoto J. M. , McCance D. R. , Murphy H. R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of alternative diagnostic strategies to oral glucose tolerance tests, including random plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c, during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsRetrospective service data (Cambridge, UK; 17 736 consecutive singleton pregnancies, 2004–2008; 826 consecutive gestational diabetes pregnancies, 2014–2019) and 361 women with ≥1 gestational diabetes risk factor (OPHELIA prospective observational study, UK) were included. Pregnancy outcomes included gestational diabetes (National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence or International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria), diabetes in pregnancy (WHO criteria), Caesarean section, large‐for‐gestational age infant, neonatal hypoglycaemia and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Receiver‐operating characteristic curves and unadjusted logistic regression were used to compare random plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c performance.ResultsGestational diabetes diagnosis was significantly associated with random plasma glucose at 12 weeks [area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve for both criteria 0.81 (95% CI 0.79–0.83)], fasting plasma glucose [National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence: area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve 0.75 (95% CI 0.65–0.85); International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups: area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve 0.92 (95% CI 0.85–0.98)] and HbA1c at 28 weeks' gestation [National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence: 0.83 (95% CI 0.75–0.90); International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups: 0.84 (95% CI 0.77–0.91)]. Each measure predicts some, but not all, pregnancy outcomes studied. At 12 weeks, ~5% of women would be identified using random plasma glucose ≥8.5 mmol/l (sensitivity 42%; specificity 96%) and at 28 weeks using HbA1c ≥39 mmol/mol (sensitivity 26%; specificity 96%) or fasting plasma glucose ≥5.2–5.4 mmol/l (sensitivity 18–41%; specificity 97–98%).ConclusionsRandom plasma glucose at 12 weeks, and fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c at 28 weeks identify women with hyperglycaemia at risk of suboptimal pregnancy outcomes. These opportunistic laboratory tests perform adequately for risk stratification when oral glucose tolerance testing is not available.
Quality of life in patients of chronic lymphocytic leukemia using the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐CLL17 questionnaire
Authors: Youron Padma , Singh Charanpreet , Jindal Nishant , Malhotra Pankaj , Khadwal Alka , Jain Arihant , Prakash Gaurav , Varma Neelam , Varma Subhash , Lad Deepesh P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe quality of life (QoL) analysis is likely to differ by region, ethnicity, and questionnaires in comparison with age‐matched healthy controls.MethodsThe EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐CLL17 questionnaire validated in regional languages were administered to 127 consecutive CLL and 100 age‐matched, healthy controls at a single center from 2018 to 2019.ResultsAll groups of CLL patients either on wait and watch (W&W) or on treatment had significantly impaired QoL in all functional domains including global health compared to controls (P < .0001). CLL patients had significantly higher symptom scores than controls in most domains (P < .0001, 0.03 for diarrhea). There was no difference in the QoL by age or gender. Lower socioeconomic status patients had higher financial difficulty (P = .02). Patients on CIT had the worst global health (OR 12.21 compared to patients on W&W) (P = .03). Patients on ibrutinib had less worries/fears about health and functioning than patients who were on CIT (P = .04).ConclusionsQuality of life is severely affected in CLL patients on W&W. Global health status and worries about future health and functioning were major concerns. Socioeconomic status but not age or gender impacted QoL. Patients on ibrutinib had better QoL than on CIT.
Single UM171‐expanded cord blood transplant can cure severe idiopathic aplastic anemia in absence of suitable donors
Authors: Claveau Jean‐Sébastien , Cohen Sandra , Ahmad Imran , Delisle Jean‐Sébastien , Kiss Thomas , Lachance Silvy , Sauvageau Guy , Busque Lambert , Brito Rose‐Marie , Bambace Nadia , Bernard Léa , Roy Denis Claude , Roy Jean 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHaplo‐identical donors have been increasingly used as an alternative source of stem cells in patients with severe aplastic anemia in need of an allogeneic transplantation but lack a matched donor. Single cord blood (CB) transplant also offers a curative option for this disease, but few adult patients have been reported due to low number of progenitor cells leading to prolonged cytopenias and a high risk of infections. CB stem cell expansion may theoretically solve these pitfalls but has not been used previously in non‐malignant diseases, likely due to fear of graft rejection and lack of availability of expanded CBs outside clinical trials. We report the first case of an adult patient with severe aplastic anemia who was successfully transplanted with a UM171‐expanded CB graft. After a conditioning of rabbit antithymocyte globulin, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and total body irradiation, a UM171 expanded graft of 3.29 × 106 CD34 + cells/kg (a 51‐fold increase) was infused. Full donor chimerism was observed on day + 14, with neutrophil and platelet engraftment on days + 23 and + 27. There was no severe infection or graft‐vs‐host disease. UM171‐expanded grafts offer a valuable option for patients with aplastic anemia in need of transplantation but have no suitable donor.
Structural and spectroscopic characterization of a HdrA‐like subunit from Hyphomicrobium denitrificans
Authors: Ernst Corvin , Kayastha Kanwal , Koch Tobias , Venceslau Sofia S. , Pereira Inês A. C. , Demmer Ulrike , Ermler Ulrich , Dahl Christiane 
Published: August 2020

Many bacteria and archaea employ a novel pathway of sulfur oxidation involving an enzyme complex that is related to the heterodisulfide reductase (Hdr or HdrABC) of methanogens. As a first step in the biochemical characterization of Hdr‐like proteins from sulfur oxidizers (sHdr), we structurally analyzed the recombinant sHdrA protein from the Alphaproteobacterium Hyphomicrobium denitrificans at 1.4 Å resolution. The sHdrA core structure is similar to that of methanogenic HdrA (mHdrA) which binds the electron‐bifurcating flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), the heart of the HdrABC‐[NiFe]‐hydrogenase catalyzed reaction. Each sHdrA homodimer carries two FADs and two [4Fe–4S] clusters being linked by electron conductivity. Redox titrations monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance and visible spectroscopy revealed a redox potential between −203 and −188 mV for the [4Fe–4S] center. The potentials for the FADH•/FADH− and FAD/FADH• pairs reside between −174 and −156 mV and between −81 and −19 mV, respectively. The resulting stable semiquinone FADH• species already detectable in the visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the as‐isolated state of sHdrA is incompatible with basic principles of flavin‐based electron bifurcation such that the sHdr complex does not apply this new mode of energy coupling. The inverted one‐electron FAD redox potentials of sHdr and mHdr are clearly reflected in the different FAD‐polypeptide interactions. According to this finding and the assumption that the sHdr complex forms an asymmetric HdrAA′B1C1B2C2 hexamer, we tentatively propose a mechanism that links protein‐bound sulfane oxidation to sulfite on HdrB1 with NAD+ reduction via lipoamide disulfide reduction on HdrB2. The FAD of HdrA thereby serves as an electron storage unit.DatabaseStructural data are available in PDB database under the accession number 6TJR.
“Promotion tournament 2.0”: Why local cadres expand health‐care provision in China
Authors: Zhang Yuxi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious research has attributed the delayed welfare development in China to the government's traditional obsession with GDP growth target as the principal criteria for cadre promotion. Yet why has health‐care provision significantly expanded since the 2000s? This article argues that as central policies adjusted to incorporate health care as a priority, the cadre assessment system subsequently made it a “hard target,” and thus the competition for office has compelled local cadres to implement health‐care expansion. Apart from the importance of local leaders in policy change as the literature suggests, this article elaborates on the pivotal role of technical bureaucrats by innovatively introducing the “promotion tournament 2.0” model, which emphasizes the knowledge–power coalition between these political actors. By investigating the case of health‐care expansion, this article illustrates the local politics of policy change with various forms of data collected from semi‐structured interviews, newspaper archives, political documents, and official statistics.
Exploring the experiences of having Guillain‐Barré Syndrome: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Akanuwe Joseph N. A. , Laparidou Despina , Curtis Ffion , Jackson Jennifer , Hodgson Timothy L. , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare inflammatory disorder affecting the peripheral nerves. Although typically there is full neurological recovery, some people continue to experience residual physical, psychological or social problems longer term. Evidence describing the experiences of people with GBS is limited.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the experiences of people with GBS in the UK.DesignWe used qualitative (face‐to‐face and telephone) interviews to explore experiences of people with GBS. Audio‐recorded data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Framework Method supported by NVivo 11.Setting and ParticipantsWe purposively recruited a sample of 16 volunteers with a prior diagnosis of GBS of varying age, sex, ethnicity, location, marital status, time since diagnosis and length of hospital stay to maximize differences in experience. Interviewees were required to have been discharged from hospital, able to give informed consent, able to speak and understand English and currently resident in the United Kingdom.ResultsThe key themes arising from the analysis were as follows: the importance of early diagnosis; the experiences of inpatient care; the importance of active support for recovery; the need for communication throughout the course of the illness; the need for greater awareness, knowledge and provision of information by health‐care staff; and path to achieving function.ConclusionThis is the first qualitative study exploring experiences of people with GBS in the UK through their whole illness journey from onset to recovery. The findings contribute to our understanding of the experiences and support needs of people recovering from GBS.
Development and validation of an instrument of occupational low back pain prevention behaviours of nurse
Authors: Kazemi Seyedeh‐Somayeh , Tavafian Sedigheh‐Sadat , Hidarnia Alireza , Montazeri Ali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo develop and test the psychometric properties of occupational low back pain prevention behaviours questionnaire in nursing personnel.DesignA qualitative and quantitative research design to develop and validate an instrument.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted from May ‐ October 2017 with 20 participants to generate an item pool. Then, content and face validity was carried out. Next, the questionnaire was distributed among a sample of nurses. In all, 150 nurses participated (mean age 34.1; SD 7.66 years) in the study. Exploratory factor analysis used to determine the factor structure of the questionnaire. Item‐scale correlation matrix was provided to examine the construct validity. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was estimated to assess reliability and intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to examine stability.ResultsSix factors with 30 items emerged from the exploratory factor analysis that jointly accounted for 67.9% of the variance observed. Item‐scale correlation matrix showed satisfactory results lending support to construct validity of the questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale showed excellent internal consistency (0.92), although this was not true for the knowledge subscale. The intraclass correlation coefficient with a 2‐week interval also indicated that the questionnaire had satisfactory stability (0.97).ConclusionThis study provides initial support for reliability and validity of the Occupational Low Back Pain Prevention Behaviour Questionnaire.ImpactThis study offers an instrument to assess low back pain preventive behaviours among nurses. The instrument is useful for nursing personnel and could be used in hospitals and healthcare settings to implement appropriate interventions.
Hospital‐based intervention to enhance hypertension diagnosis in Kalasin hospital, Thailand, 2017‐2019: A pre‐post pilot intervention study
Authors: Yueayai Khanuengnij , Moran Andrew E. , Pratipanwat Piyanut , Chaisongkram Siwaboon , Anosri Ladda , Thitichai Phanthanee 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn Thailand 5.9 million individuals ≥15 years old have undiagnosed hypertension. The intervention to reduce undiagnosed hypertension was piloted and aimed to compare pre‐ and post‐intervention hypertension diagnosis rate and follow‐up rate. A hospital‐based pre‐ and post‐intervention study was piloted in a general hospital in Thailand. The intervention included an electronic pop‐up alert when raised blood pressure was observed and a follow‐up protocol. The follow‐up protocol entered patient information in a follow‐up book that scheduled an appointment to recheck blood pressure. Statistical analyses compared the rate of hypertension diagnosis and follow‐up between the pre‐ and post‐intervention periods, adjusted for differences in baseline characteristics. A post‐intervention, self‐report survey among nurses and nurse‐aids explored perceptions about raised blood pressure management and solicited suggestions to improve the intervention. 574 raised blood pressure patients visited the hospital in the pre‐intervention period; 27.4% returned for follow‐‐up; and hypertension diagnosis rate was 1.4%. Among 686 post‐intervention raised blood pressure patients, overall hypertension diagnosis rate improved to 6.1%. In per‐protocol patients, 81.9% were booked to follow‐‐up, hypertension diagnosis rate was 18.6%, and the adjusted odds ratio of hypertension diagnosis was 4.5 times higher compared with the pre‐intervention period. By self‐report, 20% of health workers had no time to provide the follow‐up book due to work overload, yet >57% reported that information technology improved detection of raised blood pressure and improved follow‐up. The interventions significantly increased the hypertension diagnosis rate and follow‐up among raised blood pressure patients in a single hospital but may benefit from incorporating an information technology‐assisted follow‐up protocol.
Arterial stiffness in black adults from Angola and Brazil
Authors: Cruz Vitória P. D. , Gonzaga Carla W. O. , da Silva Victor B. , da Cruz André F. P. , da Silva Amilcar B. Tomé , Capingana Daniel P. , Magalhães Pedro , Zaniqueli Divanei A. , Guimarães André L. S. , Cunha Roberto Sá , Mill José Geraldo , Baldo Marcelo P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEthnicity is an important determinant of blood pressure levels, being black individuals affected more than any other ethnic group. Arterial stiffening, an independent risk factor for hypertension, is also influenced by ethnicity. However, whether black individuals from different continents would have different patterns of arterial stiffening is still unknown. Thus, the authors aimed to compare pulse wave velocity (PWV) in black subjects living in Angola and Brazil. A total of 677 black individuals from two independent cross‐sectional studies conducted in Brazil and Angola were included in this analysis. Carotid‐to‐femoral PWV was measured following the same protocols for both studies, as well as clinical and anthropometric variables. Adjusted PWV was higher in Brazilian blacks than in Angolans, regardless of sex (men from Brazil: 10.7 ± 1.8 vs men from Angola: 9.9 ± 1.8 m/s, P < .001; women from Brazil: 10.3 ± 1.5 vs women from Angola: 9.2 ± 1.3 m/s, P < .001). Although the cf‐PWV was higher in Brazilian blacks, the age‐related increase in cf‐PWV was higher in Angolan men compared to Brazilians, but not in women. SBP showed the strongest association with cf‐PWV, regardless of sex and country. However, age was associated with cf‐PWV in all groups, except in Brazilian men. Our results clearly show a difference in PWV between two black populations, and highlight for sex differences in the hemodynamic parameters that might affect blood pressure levels in these populations.
BMP2 signalling activation enhances bone metastases of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Fei , Cao Yaqiang , Wu Gui , Chen Junying , CaihongWang  , Lin Wanzun , Lan Ruilong , Wu Bing , Xie Xianhe , Hong Jinsheng , Fu Lengxi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDistant metastases occur when non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is at late stages. Bone metastasis is one of the most frequent metastases of NSCLC and leads to poor prognosis. It has been reported that high expression of BMP2 in NSCLC correlates with poor survival, but whether BMP2 contributes to NSCLC bone metastasis remains largely unknown. The activation of BMP signalling is found in metastatic bone tumours of mice Lewis lung carcinoma and predicts poor survival in human NSCLC. BMP2 signalling activation can enhance bone metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma. Moreover, BMP2 secreted by stroma fibroblasts can promote the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Besides, in combination with pre‐osteoblast and LLCs, BMP2 could enhance the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts to play roles in the osteolytic mechanism of NSCLC bone metastasis. Interestingly, NSCLC cells can also enrich BMP2 to pre‐osteoblasts to function in the osteoblastic mechanism. Our results firstly demonstrate the detailed mechanisms about what roles BMP2 signalling play in enhancing NSCLC bone metastases. These findings provide a new potential therapy choice for preventing bone metastases of NSCLC via the inhibition of BMP2 signalling.