bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A valuable MRI examination method for prostate cancer screening
Authors: Yang Xuezhen , Shan Lianqiang , Cao Haiming , Jiang Xu , Ma Xueping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To investigate the value of the 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) score in prostate cancer (PCa) screening.
Forty PCa patients diagnosed by pathology from December 2014 to September 2018 were recruited as the PCa group; 60 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were recruited as the benign group. Patients from both groups underwent 1.5T MRI scanning. The prostate ADC values, exponential apparent diffusion coefficient (eADC) values, and PI-RADS scores of patients from the 2 groups were compared. The different methods for PCa diagnosis were compared.
The ADC values of patients in the PCa group were significantly lower than those in the benign group, whereas the eADC values of patients were significantly higher than those in the benign group, with statistically significant differences (P < .05). The differences in the PI-RADS scores of patients from the 2 groups were statistically significant (P < .05). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve results showed that the ADC value combined with the PI-RADS score was superior to the ADC value or the PI-RADS score alone in sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index for PCa diagnosis. By comparing the area under the curve (AUC) of each ROC curve from the different diagnostic methods, the combination of ADC value and PI-RADS score showed the largest area.
The ADC value from 1.5T MRI combined with the PI-RADS score could be used as the standard for PCa screening, which would effectively improve screening for PCa and be valuable for clinical applications.
FDG PET/CT for evaluating systemic arterial inflammation induced by anthracycline-based chemotherapy of Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Lawal Ismaheel O. , Orunmuyi Akintunde T. , Popoola Gbenga O. , Lengana Thabo , Mokoala Kgomotso M.G. , Ankrah Alfred O. , Sathekge Mike M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To evaluate arterial fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake as a marker of arterial inflammation in multiple vascular beds in patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).
We used maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and target-to-background ratio (TBR) to quantify arterial FDG uptake in the carotid artery, ascending aorta, abdominal aorta, and femoral artery obtained on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging performed at baseline before chemotherapy and after completion of chemotherapy in patients with HL treated with an anthracycline-containing regimen. We compared the SUVmax and TBR obtained at baseline with that obtained post-chemotherapy for each arterial bed to evaluate the effect of anthracycline-based chemotherapy. We evaluated the effect of cardiovascular risk factors such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes on the changes in SUVmax and TBR seen in the different arterial beds after anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
Fifty-two patients were included with a mean age of 34.56 ± 10.19 years. There were 33 males, and 18 patients were HIV-infected. The mean interval between completion of chemotherapy and follow-up flourine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) scan was 65 weeks. We found no significant difference in arterial FDG uptake measured by SUVmax and TBR in all arterial beds between the pre- and post-chemotherapy FDG PET/CT. There was no significant impact of HIV infection, smoking, and hypertension on the changes in arterial FDG uptake following treatment with anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
In patients with HL who were treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy, we found no significant increase in arterial inflammation measured by FDG PET/CT after an average follow-up period of about 65 weeks since completion of chemotherapy.
Traditional Chinese medicine formula Xiaoqinglong decoction for cough caused by COVID-19
Authors: Ren Xiaodan , Shi Yu , Li Guizhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Assessing the effectiveness and safety of Traditional Chinese medicine formula Xiaoqinglong decoction for cough caused by COVID-19 is the main purpose of this systematic review protocol.

Methods:
The following electronic databases will be searched from their respective inception dates to October 1, 2020: PubMed, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, WorldSciNet, Ovid, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, the Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), the Wanfang Database, and the China Biology Medicine Disc. All published randomized controlled trials in English or Chinese related to Traditional Chinese medicine formula Xiaoqinglong decoction for cough caused by COVID-19 will be included. The primary outcome is the time and rate of appearance of coughing. The secondary outcomes are the length of hospital stay. Two reviewers will conduct the study selection, data extraction, and assessment independently. The assessment of risk of bias and data synthesis will be conducted with RevMan V.5.2.

Results:
The results will provide a high-quality synthesis of current evidence for researchers in this subject area.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of our study will provide an evidence to judge whether traditional Chinese medicine formula Xiaoqinglong decoction is an effective intervention for patients with cough caused by COVID-19.

Ethics and dissemination:
Formal ethical approval is not necessary as the data cannot be individualized. The results of this protocol will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal or presented at relevant conferences.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42020202079.
Quantifying alcohol use among Ecuadorian human immunodeficiency virus positive individuals and assessing alcohol as an independent risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Downen Jeffrey M. , Swendener Briana , Bodlak Adriana A. , Añazco Diego F. , Nicolalde Bryan I. , Mhaskar Rahul , Cevallos Nelson , Castillo Alberto , Larreategui David , Torres Edmundo , Izurieta Ricardo , Teran Enrique 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Alcohol abuse has been identified as a risk factor for contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and accelerating disease progression. Our study aims to determine alcohol consumption rates among Ecuadorian HIV positive (HIV+) patients prior to diagnosis to evaluate its impact as an independent risk factor for contracting HIV. Additionally, we will examine post-diagnosis consumption rates among the HIV+ population.
We provided anonymous questionnaires to 300 HIV+ patients and 600 internal medicine patients at 3 hospitals in Quito, Ecuador. Questionnaires quantified alcohol usage prior to HIV diagnosis, at time of diagnosis, and post-diagnosis while accounting for other potential HIV risk factors. We then determined frequencies of alcohol consumption and confounding variables. Finally, we performed a multivariable logistic regression controlling for confounders to determine the statistical significance of alcohol consumption as an independent risk factor for HIV.
Our results showed increased odds for contracting HIV among those who drank daily (OR 5.3, CI 2.0–14.0) and those who consumed 6 or more alcoholic beverages on days they drank (OR 5.0, CI 3.1–8.2). Through multivariable analysis, we found that abstaining from binge drinking was a protective factor with an OR 0.5 (0.3–0.96). The percentage of HIV+ patients abstaining from alcohol increased from 30% twelve months prior to diagnosis to 57% after diagnosis.
Our results show that alcohol abuse significantly increases the risk of contracting HIV. We found that prior to diagnosis, HIV patients consistently drank more frequently and a greater amount than the control group. Alcohol use significantly decreased among HIV+ patients after diagnosis.
Resting-state functional brain alterations in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Sun Ruirui , Zhou Jie , Qu Yuzhu , Zhou Jun , Xu Guixing , Cheng Shirui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and significantly influences patients’ quality of life. Many studies have found that patients with FD show significant functional abnormalities in multiple brain regions. However, these functional cerebral abnormalities are not fully consistent. This protocol aims to qualitatively and quantitatively assess and synthesize the functional cerebral abnormalities found in FD.

Methods:
A systematic search will be conducted in 4 electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) from inception to June 30, 2019, with the language restricted to English. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Quality assessment will be performed with a custom 11-point checklist. The functional changes in brain regions and the correlations between these altered brain regions and clinical variables in patients with FD will be evaluated through qualitative review. If data are available, an Anisotropic Effect Size version of Signed Differential Mapping (AES-SDM) will be used to synthesize the brain functional alterations and clinical variables in patients with FD.

Results:
This review and meta-analysis will qualitatively and quantitatively assess and synthesize functional cerebral abnormalities consistently found in FD.

Conclusion:
This may assist in mapping functional brain abnormalities to characterize imaging-based neural markers of FD and improve our knowledge of the pathogenesis of FD.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42019134983 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/)
Effect of hyperglycemia on all-cause mortality from pediatric brain injury
Authors: Chen Shuyun , Liu Zhaohe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to assess the effect of hyperglycemia on all-cause mortality in pediatric patients with brain injury, based on currently available evidence.

Methods:
We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases with the keywords “hyperglycemia”, “brain injury”, and “pediatrics”. The retrieved records were screened by title, abstract, and full-text to include original articles assessing the effects of hyperglycemia on pediatric brain injury. The extracted data were assessed by a fixed-effects model. The risk of bias in the eligible studies was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Publication bias was visually examined with a funnel plot. Begg and Egger tests, respectively, were used to identify small-study effects. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the original effect size.

Results:
Nine observational studies were identified from 1439 primary hits. A total of 970 pediatric patients, including 304 with hyperglycemia and brain injury, were included for meta-analysis. Hyperglycemia was strongly associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality in pediatric patients (odds ratio = 11.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.88–17.08; I
2 = 0%). The overall quality of eligible studies was low, but the funnel plot indicated no publication bias.

Conclusions:
Hyperglycemia is significantly associated with high all-cause mortality in pediatric patients with brain injury. However, the relationship should be confirmed by larger-scale observational studies and randomized controlled trials.
Coagulation parameters predictive of repeated implantation failure in Chinese women
Authors: Yang Wen , Sun Qian , Zhou Zihao , Gao Yuan , Shi Fan , Wu Xiaoyan , Yang Yan , Feng Wen , Wu Ze , Kang Xiaomin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Repeated implantation failure (RIF) greatly influences pregnancy rate after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) with elusive causes. Our study aimed to explore coagulation parameters in association with RIF and establish a model to predict the risk of RIF in Chinese women.
Coagulation parameters, including prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), D-dimer (DD), fibrin degradation products (FDP), fibrinogen (FG), and platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were measured in RIF patients and controls. A logistic regression model was built by using the purposeful selection to select important factors for the prediction of RIF.
Between 92 RIF patients and 47 controls, we found a statistically significant difference in all of the coagulation parameters except APTT, FDP and platelet aggregation induced by ADP. The purposeful selection method selected PT (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12-0.66, P = .003), APPT (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.91, P = .004), TT (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.53-1.08, P = .124), and platelet aggregation induced by AA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.11-1.44, P = .0003) as important predictors of RIF risk. ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of the model was 0.85 with an optimal cut-off point of the predicted probability being P = .65, leading to a sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity 0.75.
We found that coagulation parameters including PT, APTT, TT and platelet aggregation induced by AA are predictive of RIF in Chinese women. Our results highlight the potential of anti-coagulation therapies to lower the risk of RIF.
Noninvasive flow evaluations of coronary artery bypass grafting using dynamic cardiac CT
Authors: Sakabe Daisuke , Fukui Toshihiro , Oda Seitaro , Tominaga Osamu , Okamoto Ken , Kato Shingo , Yamashiro Tsuneo , Funama Yoshinori , Kidoh Masafumi , Ikeda Osamu , Utsunomiya Daisuke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We aimed to investigate the correlation of graft flow measurements between transit-time flow measurement (TTFM) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery and dynamic cardiac CT after the surgery.
Fourteen patients underwent CABG with TTFM and postoperative dynamic cardiac CT; 11 internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts and 15 saphenous venous grafts (SVGs) were included for analysis. Pearsons correlation analysis was performed for the comparisons of the TTFM and cardiac dynamic CT flow parameters.
TTFM was not significantly correlated with the CT flow of the ITA grafts (r = −0.23, P = .49), but it had a very strong correlation with the CT flow of the SVGs (r = 0.83, P < .01).
In patients who underwent CABG surgery, dynamic cardiac CT enabled quantitative evaluation of SVG flow, with good correlation with TTFM.
Prognostic value of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to albumin ratio combined with aspartate aminotransferase to lymphocyte ratio in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy
Authors: Liu Ke-jun , Lv Yong-xue , Niu Yi-ming , Bu Yang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor associated with a high recurrence rate after hepatectomy. Recently, preoperative inflammatory and liver function reserve indices were found to predict increased risk of recurrence and decreased survival in HCC patients. This study aims to evaluate the ability of the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-albumin ratio (GAR) and aspartate aminotransferase-to-lymphocyte ratio (ALRI), individually and in combination, to predict the prognosis of HCC patients after hepatectomy.
We retrospectively reviewed 206 HCC patients who underwent radical resection at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2011 to November 2016. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cut-off value for GAR and ALRI. The Pearson Chi-Squared test was used to analyze the correlations between GAR, ALRI and clinicopathological characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the predictive value of these factors for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Survival rates were drawn according to the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between subgroups were compared by the log-rank statistics.
GAR and ALRI were significantly correlated with gender, history of smoking, prothrombin time, tumor diameter, T stage and early intrahepatic recurrence by the Pearson Chi-Squared test (all P < .05). Univariate analysis indicated that T stage, GAR and ALRI were significantly correlated with DFS and OS in HCC patients after hepatectomy. Multivariate analysis illustrated that GAR and ALRI were independently related to DFS and OS in HCC patients. Preoperative GAR > 0.946 or ALRI > 18.734 predicted poor prognosis in HCC patients after hepatectomy. Additionally, the predictive scope of GAR combined with ALRI was more sensitive than that of either individual measurement alone.
Our data indicate that there is a close association between the clinicopathological characteristics in HCC patients and increased GAR or ALRI. Higher levels of GAR and ALRI could sensitively and specifically predict a poor prognosis in HCC patients after hepatectomy. Furthermore, combined usage of GAR and ALRI could improve the accuracy of this prediction.
The levels of follicular fluid cell-free mitochondrial DNA could serve as a biomarker for pregnancy success in patients with small ovarian endometriosis cysts
Authors: Huo Ping , Zhang Ning , Zhang Pingping , Wu Xiaohua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ovarian endometriosis cyst (OEC) is caused by the growth of ectopic endometrium into the ovarian cortex, leading to disrupted ovarian cortical structures and infertility. Large OECs are usually surgically removed, and assisted reproductive technology (ART) is required for future pregnancy. The oocyte reserve and development of patients with small non-surgical OECs are unknown. In this study, we compared mitochondrial abnormality, ATPase and IF1 mRNA expression levels, and OXPHO complex proteins between OEC vs control mural granulosa cells (mGCs).
OEC mGCs show fewer mitochondria per cell, a higher proportion of aberrant morphology, lower ATPase mRNA levels, higher IF1 mRNA levels, and impaired expression of 3 of the 5 critical proteins involved in the OXPHOS complex, compared with control mGCs. Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cfmtDNA) levels are higher in the follicular fluid of patients with OEC and were inversely associated with the expression of mtDNA in mGCs and cumulus granulosa cells (cGCs).
Taken together, this study indicates that small non-surgical OECs lead to poor quality of oocytes and subsequent embryos during ART compared with control, which was accompanied by mGC mitochondrial dysfunction. mGC and cGC mtDNA and FF cfmtDNA might serve as efficient biomarkers for the non-invasive prediction of pregnancy outcomes in patients with OEC undergoing ART.
Usefulness of controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement for detecting increased arterial stiffness in asymptomatic populations in China
Authors: Yu Xin-yan , Song Xiao-xiao , Tong Yu-ling , Wu Ling-yan , Song Zhen-ya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent studies, vibration-controlled transient elastography (FibroScan) has been reported as an alternative noninvasive approach for measuring liver steatosis and fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of FibroScan controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) in the detection of increased arterial stiffness in asymptomatic populations in China.
A retrospective cohort recruiting 4747 asymptomatic patients with no underlying causes of liver disease and having FibroScan and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) during wellness check-up was covered. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was defined as a CAP ≥238 dB/m. NAFLD with significant fibrosis was defined as an LSM ≥7.3 kPa in the presence of NAFLD. Increased arterial stiffness was determined as a BaPWV ≥1.4m/second.
Among the 4747 study participants, 1596 subjects (33.6%) suffered from increased arterial stiffness. The prevalence of increased arterial stiffness progressively increased across CAP quartiles and LSM quartiles in NAFLD (23.5%, 30.8%, 38.3%, 43.7%, P < .001 and 33.1%, 36.8%, 40.4%, 48.2%, P < .001, respectively). After conventional cardiovascular risk factors were adjusted (age, sex, overweight, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and current smoking habits), multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CAP (odd ratio [OR] = 1.005; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003–1.006; P < .001), NAFLD (OR = 1.427; 95% CI: 1.212–1.681; P < .001), LSM in NAFLD (OR = 1.073; 95% CI: 1.023–1.125; P = .003), and significant fibrosis in NAFLD (OR = 1.480; 95% CI: 1.090–2.010; P = .012) were independently associated with increased arterial stiffness. Furthermore, in a multivariate logistic regression analysis, OR (95% CI) for the maximal vs. the minimal quartile of CAP was 1.602 (1.268–2.024), and that of LSM in NAFLD was 1.362 (1.034–1.792) after adjustment for the above-mentioned risk factors. Notably, NAFLD and significant fibrosis in NAFLD were significantly correlated only with increased arterial stiffness in subjects without hypertension or diabetes mellitus after adjustment for the above-mentioned risk factors.
CAP-defined NAFLD and LSM-defined significant fibrosis in NAFLD showed significant and independent relationships with increased arterial stiffness even after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, which can be conducive to stratifying relative risk of subjects having undergone screening assessment for cardiovascular disease.
Correlation between lncRNA SNHG16 gene polymorphism and its interaction with environmental factors and susceptibility to colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Li , Zhang Yuefeng , Jin Jianjiang , Gu Xuewei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To study the relationship between long-chain non-coding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (lncRNA SNHG16) polymorphisms and its interaction with environmental factors and susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods:
Sanger sequencing was used to analyze genotypes of lncRNA SNHG16 gene rs7353, rs8038, and rs15278 sites. Multifactor dimensionality reduction was used to analyze interactions between lncRNA SNHG16 gene rs7353, rs8038, rs15278 sites, and environmental factors. Haploview 4.1 software was used to analyze linkage disequilibrium of lncRNA SNHG16 gene rs7353, rs8038, and rs15278 sites. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze plasma lncRNA SNHG16 levels of CRC patients and control subjects.

Results:
Variation of the lncRNA SNHG16 gene rs7353 site A>G variation was associated with decreased CRC susceptibility (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.62, P < .01). The rs8038 site G>A and rs15278 site A>G variation were associated with increased CRC susceptibility (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.47–2.36, P < .01). The rs15278 site G>A variation was associated with increased CRC susceptibility (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.61–3.11, P < .01). Interaction combinations featuring age, rs7353, rs8038, and rs15278 single nucleotide polymorphism are 13.53 times more susceptible to CRC than other interactions (95% CI: 9.43–19.41, P < .01). The rs15278, rs8038, and rs7353 site AGA haplotypes were significantly associated with a decreased CRC risk (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48–0.88, P = .01), AAG haplotypes were significantly associated with an increased CRC risk (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.27–3.17, P < .01). High lncRNA SNHG16 expression was associated with tumor progression in CRC patients (χ2 = 8.85, P = .03). The rs7353 site A>G variation caused a significant decrease in plasma lncRNA SNHG16 level (P < .01), while the rs8038 site G>A variation and rs15278 site A>G variation resulted in increased plasma lncRNA SNHG16 levels.

Conclusion:
Polymorphisms of lncRNA SNHG16 gene rs7353, rs8038, rs15278 loci and their interaction with age are significantly associated with CRC susceptibility.