bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the movement pattern and kinematic model of the hindlegs of the water boatman
Authors: Shi Shuai , Yang Fuchun , Fan Shulong , Xu Zhuang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The special hindleg structure and swimming setae of a water boatman give it a high degree of maneuverability, which plays an important role in swimming. This paper used a high-speed photography platform to extract key points from videos, obtaining the forward and turning movement patterns of the water boatman’s hindlegs, as well as the transformation patterns of the setae. A Fourier series was used to establish the movement models of each hindleg joint, and a kinematic model of the hindlegs was established to study the continuous movement characteristics of the hindlegs. This paper provides basic data and theoretical support for the design of underwater bio-inspired robots.
Wing inertia influences the phase and amplitude relationships between thorax deformation and flapping angle in bumblebees
Authors: Cote Braden , Casey Cailin , Jankauski Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Flying insects have a robust flight system that allows them to fly even when their forewings are damaged. The insect must adjust wingbeat kinematics to aerodynamically compensate for the loss of wing area. However, the mechanisms that allow insects with asynchronous flight muscle to adapt to wing damage are not well understood. Here, we investigated the phase and amplitude relationships between thorax deformation and flapping angle in tethered flying bumblebees subject to wing clipping and weighting. We used synchronized laser vibrometry and high-speed videography to measure thorax deformation and flapping angle, respectively. We found that changes in wing inertia did not affect thorax deformation amplitude but did influence wingbeat frequency. Increasing wing inertia increased flapping amplitude and caused a phase lag between thorax deformation and flapping angle, whereas decreasing wing inertia did not affect flapping amplitude and caused the flapping angle to lead thorax deformation. Our findings indicate that bumblebees adapt to wing damage by adjusting their wingbeat frequency rather than altering their wing stroke amplitude. Additionally, our results suggest that bumblebees operate near a wing-hinge-dominated resonant frequency, and that moments generated by steering muscles within the wing hinge influence the phase between thorax deformation and wing stroke nontrivially. These insights can inform the design of resilient, insect-inspired flapping-wing micro air vehicles.
A bioinspired fish fin webbing for proprioceptive feedback
Authors: Bruns Arne , Flammang Brooke E , Papotti Gabor , Mastropoll Connor , Hansen Tom , Anderson Iain 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The propulsive fins of ray-finned fish are used for large scale locomotion and fine maneuvering, yet also provide sensory feedback regarding hydrodynamic loading and the surrounding environment. This information is gathered via nerve cells in the webbing between their fin rays. A similar bioinspired system that can gather force feedback from fin motion could enable valuable insight into robotic underwater locomotion improving swimming efficiency and orientation. Fins are largely composed of bendable rays that support an elastic membranous web. In this investigation we have produced a stretch-sensing web that can be used as a sensor for a robotic fin; a proprioceptive fin webbing capable of measuring hydrodynamic loads. Our soft capacitive sensor web is embedded in 350 µm thin film that is held between wires which emulate fin rays. These sensor web constructs were successfully tested in water tunnels and maintained their sensory performance at speeds up to 0.7 m s−1 and at angles-of-attack up to 90 degrees. We demonstrated sensor response as a function of water speed and angle of attack. Induced vibrations in the membrane from vortex shedding and flutter at high speeds were mitigated through the addition of passive chordwise stiffeners and tensioning of the membrane was investigated. Through understanding sensing membrane behavior in flow, the development of specialized fin webbing sensors becomes possible. This invention thus presents a milestone in advanced hydrodynamic sensing in fish robots enabling us to push further towards autonomous control loops in fish robots.
Megagrazer loss drives complex landscape-scale biophysical cascades
Authors: Hyvarinen Olli , te Beest Mariska , le Roux Elizabeth , Kerley Graham I H , Buitenwerf Robert , Druce Dave J , Chen Jiquan , Rapp Linda , Fernandes Joana , Cromsigt Joris P G M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Wild animals can modulate ecosystem-climate feedbacks, e.g. through impacts on vegetation and associated carbon dynamics. However, vegetation cover and composition also affect land surface albedo, which is an important component of the global energy budget. We currently know very little about the influence of wild animals on land surface albedo and the resulting climate forcing of these albedo changes. Leveraging a unique, ecosystem-scale, semi-experimental approach, we study how the local removals of the world’s largest, terrestrial grazer, white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), affected the coupling between fire dynamics, woody encroachment and surface albedo in Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park (HiP), South Africa. Our path analysis revealed that areas in the park where more rhinos had been removed showed a stronger increase in burnt area and woody encroachment compared to areas with fewer rhinos removed, which were both related to a decrease in surface albedo. Increasing burnt area was further associated with higher rates of woody encroachment, indirectly reinforcing the negative effect of rhino loss on albedo. Our study demonstrates that removals of megagrazers in HiP were related to complex ecosystem-wide cascades with measurable impacts on land cover and surface albedo and consequences on climate forcing. This highlights the importance of restoring functional ecosystems by reinstating trophic processes.
Dissecting a small artificial neural network
Authors: Yang Xiguang , Arora Krish , Bachmann Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate the loss landscape and backpropagation dynamics of convergence for the simplest possible artificial neural network representing the logical exclusive-OR gate. Cross-sections of the loss landscape in the nine-dimensional parameter space are found to exhibit distinct features, which help understand why backpropagation efficiently achieves convergence toward zero loss, whereas values of weights and biases keep drifting. Differences in shapes of cross-sections obtained by nonrandomized and randomized batches are discussed. In reference to statistical physics we introduce the microcanonical entropy as a unique quantity that allows to characterize the phase behavior of the network. Learning in neural networks can thus be thought of as an annealing process that experiences the analogue of phase transitions known from thermodynamic systems. It also reveals how the loss landscape simplifies as more hidden neurons are added to the network, eliminating entropic barriers caused by finite-size effects.
Can the prescience of Blade Runner engender a deeper understanding of our relationship with AI technology?
Authors: Ross Alexander G. ,   FRHistS
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores how, in the 1982 film Blade Runner (directed by Ridley Scott), some preeminent creative minds predicted a future which increasingly reflects the realities of our age. The research outcome is multidisciplinary in perspective, drawn from interviews with the filmmakers as well as with thought leaders in Artificial Intelligence, Classics, Engineering, Ethics, Philosophy, Robotics, and Theology, and is, in part, influenced by the seminal work of Alessandro Portelli. The author has also structured the article by applying some of Jonathan S. Feinstein’s models of creative engagement in exploring the intricacies of creative and innovative work in the arts and sciences, as developed in his book The Nature of Creative Development (2006). The article contributes to the debate about the numerous contentions within the text which it seeks to clarify, as well as to the debate about the nature of creative work and the extent to which the visionaries involved could benefit from a cross-pollination of ideas between disciplines.
Large magnetocaloric effect in free-standing Gd2O3 nanostructures near liquid helium boiling point
Authors: Hazarika S , Mohanta D , Morozkin A V , Nirmala R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of free-standing gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanostructures have been studied. Nanoparticles of Gd2O3 (Gd2O3-NP), nanorods of Gd2O3 (Gd2O3-NR) and a mixed system of Gd2O3 nanosheets and nanorods (Gd2O3-NS+NR) have been prepared by template-free methods without the use of any surfactant or a catalyst. These samples crystallize in cubic crystal structure (space group Ia-3, no. 206, cI80). Magnetization data indicate typical paramagnetic behavior in the temperature range of 300 K to 5 K for all the samples. All three Gd2O3 nanostructures display large magnetocaloric effect at temperatures below ∼10 K. While the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSm) value at 6 K is about −22.6 Jkg−1K−1 for the Gd2O3 nanorods and −17.8 Jkg−1K−1 for Gd2O3 nanoparticles for a magnetic field change of 70 kOe, the mixed Gd2O3 nanosheets and nanorods system prepared by wet chemical method shows a maximum ΔSm value of −23.6 Jkg−1K−1 for the same field change. These are about 41% to 89% more than that of bulk Gd2O3. Therefore, Gd2O3-based nanostructures could be very useful for low temperature magnetic refrigeration applications.
Structural, morphological, and optical characterization of indium selenide (In2Se3) obtained by mechanical alloying
Authors: Teoyotl Sosa Josue Fernando , de la Luz José Álvaro David Hernández , López Hernández Osvaldo , Juárez Diaz Gabriel , López Salazar Primavera 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The optical, electrical, and thermal properties of indium selenides are strongly influenced by their crystal structure. At room temperature (RT), the indium selenide with the stoichiometry In2Se2 exhibits two coexisting crystalline phases namely α and β, both can crystallize in two different crystal structures, hexagonal (2H) and rhombohedral (3 R). In polycrystalline In2Se3 powders, the presence of both phases has been observed. In this study, the rhombohedral β (3 R) phase of In2Se3 was synthesized by prior mechanical pulverization of powders of selenium and beads of indium, followed by mechanical alloying, achieved after 30 h of milling, and identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a morphological evolution with a predominance of agglomerates smaller than 500 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show an emission of around 1.26 eV, lower than that reported in the literature, and the optic band gap energy Eg, determined by transmission spectra and the Tauc method, was 1.23 eV, a value not previously reported for this phase.
Recurrent events modeling based on a reflected Brownian motion with application to hypoglycemia
Authors: Xie Yingfa , Fu Haoda , Huang Yuan , Pozdnyakov Vladimir , Yan Jun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes need to closely monitor blood sugar levels as their routine diabetes self-management. Although many treatment agents aim to tightly control blood sugar, hypoglycemia often stands as an adverse event. In practice, patients can observe hypoglycemic events more easily than hyperglycemic events due to the perception of neurogenic symptoms. We propose to model each patient’s observed hypoglycemic event as a lower boundary crossing event for a reflected Brownian motion with an upper reflection barrier. The lower boundary is set by clinical standards. To capture patient heterogeneity and within-patient dependence, covariates and a patient level frailty are incorporated into the volatility and the upper reflection barrier. This framework provides quantification for the underlying glucose level variability, patients heterogeneity, and risk factors’ impact on glucose. We make inferences based on a Bayesian framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo. Two model comparison criteria, the deviance information criterion and the logarithm of the pseudo-marginal likelihood, are used for model selection. The methodology is validated in simulation studies. In analyzing a dataset from the diabetic patients in the DURABLE trial, our model provides adequate fit, generates data similar to the observed data, and offers insights that could be missed by other models.
Improving radiology reporting locally and globally: who, how, and why?
Authors: Gormly Kirsten L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The radiology report is the communication from radiologist to referrer, used to inform prognosis and guide patient management. The report is the final step in a process which is influenced by the information on the referral, image quality, the reporting environment, and appropriate detection and interpretation of findings by the radiologist. It should present accurate, complete information in a way that can be easily understood. Even small improvements in any of these areas can have a significant impact on the average quality of radiology reports, with potential impact on vast numbers of patients across the globe. How do we train our future referrers to understand the complexities of imaging and write better referrals? How do we improve image quality as close to source as possible by engaging with equipment vendors? How can we make it easier for all radiologists to have access to the latest guidelines and use reporting templates where appropriate? Every radiologist has a role to play, with possible actions ranging from individual choice to departmental policies and global collaboration. The diseases we diagnose are the same, the equipment similar and knowledge freely available. All our patients deserve the best report we can provide.
Breastfeeding interventions and programs conducted in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a scoping review
Authors: Kelly Patricia J , Sidhu Amrita , Sajja Anusha , Majeethia Devanshi , Dodge Elizabeth , Aboul-Enein Basil H 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this review was to identify interventions promoting breastfeeding (BF), BF practices and their outcomes in Iran. Using the PRISMA-ScR Guidelines, we searched across 14 databases for publications published between 2010 and February 2024 to identify studies published in English or Farsi language in peer-reviewed journals, using search terms ‘breastfeeding’, ‘lactation’, ‘education’, ‘promotion’, ‘intervention’ and ‘program’. Inclusion criteria included intervention-based studies with quantitative outcomes of pregnant women/mothers receiving education, training or other intervention that promoted BF or exclusive BF. Excluded studies were protocols, those examining Iranian communities outside of Iran publications in other languages, brief communications, gray literature and qualitative studies. After screening for relevance, identified articles that met the inclusion criteria were summarized and tabulated using Rayyan QCRI software. Of the 45 identified studies, 37 used randomized-control trial designs, 20 applied theoretical frameworks or specific counseling techniques. Samples included women pregnant for the first time, mothers of babies born prematurely or with low-birth weight, adolescents, mothers who had very young children at home. Only three studies included family members. BF self-efficacy was the most popular variable to assess, which was examined in 32 studies. Almost all studies showed positive results as a result of intervention. Majority of studies were focused at the individual level. No studies were identified that assessed strategies to change routine care or policies that might facilitate BF. Identifying barriers to moving intervention content into standard of care is an important next step in the development of BF research in Iran.
From Hull-House Maps and Papers to Geographic Information System (GIS) Applications: A Systematic Review for Utilization of GIS in a Social Work Grand Challenge of Closing the Health Gap
Authors: Sualp Kenan , Yalim Asli Cennet , Gammonley Denise 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dynamic tools and advanced techniques, including Geographic Information System (GIS), have been developed to help close the health gap, a social work grand challenge. Unfortunately, these tools are underutilized in the field of social work. To address this gap, a systematic review of 53 studies was conducted, revealing the use of GIS methodologies such as spatial analysis, data visualization, spatiotemporal analysis, and spatial proximity analysis. Using these GIS methodologies, studies aimed to address a wide range of issues including health risk factors, environmental impacts on mental health, health disparities, and access to services. Five key themes emerged: environmental impact on health, GIS and community-based participatory research, risk factors and determinants of health, health disparities, and access to health and social services. GIS applications can help map health disparities, identify underserved areas for targeted interventions, analyze the impact of environmental factors on health, and facilitate community engagement through visual data representation. Future research should focus on exploring advanced GIS methodologies, such as predictive modeling and machine learning, to enhance healthcare disparity analysis and optimize resource allocation. Integrating advanced methodologies will deepen understanding of health disparities and improve prediction accuracy for timely interventions in underserved areas.
The effect of electronic cooling pads and Moringa oleifera supplementation from late gestation to weaning on sow production performance under heat stress conditions
Authors: Stansberry McKeeley C , Ogundare Wonders , Beckett Linda M , Garcia Reis Leriana , Tobolski Evy M , Anele Uchenna , Richert Brian T , Schinckel Allan P , Casey Theresa M , Minor Radiah C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Lactating sows and their litters are particularly vulnerable to heat stress (HS). HS decreases fertility, feed intake, milk production, and litter growth of sows. Approaches are needed to mitigate the negative effects of HS on animal welfare and oxidative damage to tissues. The objective of this study was to measure the efficacy of conductive heat removal using electronic cooling pads (ECP) and feeding Moringa oleifera (4% of the diet, M), a feedstuff high in antioxidants, to sows from late gestation to weaning on their welfare and production performance. A study was conducted using a 2 × 2 factorial design of treatments, with mixed parity Yorkshire × Landrace sows (n = 48). The sows were exposed to moderate HS conditions from gestation day 110 to day 21 of lactation. To achieve moderate HS, the farrowing room temperature was increased incrementally daily from 25 °C to 32 °C between 0800 and 1100 hours and decreased from 32 °C to 26 °C between 1700 and 2000 hours. Sows were limit fed during gestation (1.36 kg 2X/d) and fed ad libitum post farrowing. Treatments included HS + control corn–soybean meal (CS)-based diet (HS + CS), HS + M, ECP + CS, ECP + M (n = 12/treatment). Sow respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured four times daily (0600, 1300, 1600, and 1900 hours). The use of ECP decreased lactating sow RR (HS = 66.6 bpm, ECP = 28.3 bpm, P &lt; 0.0001), RT (HS = 39.2 °C, ECP = 38.8 °C, P = 0.003), and lactation body weight (BW) loss (HS = −21.67 kg, ECP = −5.1 kg P = 0.002). ECP by time-of-day interactions (P &lt; 0.01) existed for RR and RT, with ECP having a greater impact from 1300 to 1900 hours, than at 0600 hours. ECP increased the intake of lactation feed (P = 0.02). An ECP by diet interaction (P = 0.0004) indicated that ECP increased the intake of lactation feed for the sows fed the CS diet (6.48 vs. 4.42 kg/d, P = 0.0004), but did not affect the feed intake of sows fed the M diet. The treatment did not affect litter weaning weight (P = 0.14). Moringa increased percent fat in milk (M = 12.28%, CS = 11.06%, P = 0.05). The reduction in sow RR and RT, and increase in feed intake with lower loss of BW indicate that ECP improved sow well-being in the HS environment. Neither ECP nor M affected litter growth, despite M increasing fat content of milk and ECP–CS increasing feed intake.
Revealing preferential circulation—how the use of places serves localized entrepreneurs’ capabilities
Authors: Capron Etienne , Suire Raphaël 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With the aim of fostering innovation, many cities have promoted places to provide resources for entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, little work has been done to determine how these resources are mobilized by entrepreneurs, and how a collection of places in a given city-region can support their efforts. In this article, we argue that entrepreneurs attend different resource-producing places, and that the pattern thus drawn, called preferential circulation, reveals the ongoing entrepreneurial process. Based on network theory, we offer an original concept to better understand how cities can support entrepreneurial dynamics and suggest new insights for local innovation policy design.
Networked corporate advocacy in a polarized public arena: analyzing discourse networks of U.S. Fortune 500 companies on controversial issues
Authors: Chen Yingying , Tsai Jiun-Yi , Yuan Shupei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates how U.S. Fortune 500 corporate social advocacy (CSA) discourse on multiple contentious issues is associated with public attention on Twitter/X. Our theoretical framework elucidates three discourse types and conceptualizes the diversity, structure, and stability of discourse coalition networks. Utilizing computational methods and dynamic network analysis of 43,791 corporate tweets over two years, findings reveal a prevalent use of aspirational communication in addressing climate change and healthcare disparities. Functional discourse is predominantly employed in tweets on racial equality and COVID-19 vaccination, while localization discourse is concentrated in tweets about gender/sexuality. Network analysis shows that discourse coalitions exist across industries, with a convergence in discourse types and low temporal stability in network compositions. Most discourse types and features of discourse coalition networks are positively associated with public attention to CSA tweets, though these associations vary across different issues.
Management of recurrent intussusception after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Makani Ankur , Hendrix Andrew , Orcutt Gunnar , Stephenson Christopher , Crafton Thomas , Moffatt David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
While intussusception is a well described complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), cases of recurrent intussusception after lead point resection and reconstruction are described much less frequently. We present a case of a 28-year-old female with triple recurrent intussusception all of which were treated with surgical resection and reconstruction of her RYGB anastomoses. There is currently limited evidence to direct management in the setting of recurrent intussusception. This case highlights the importance of considering intussusception in the RYGB patient with abdominal pain as well as demonstrates a need for further investigation into pathomechanisms which may lead to recurrence.