bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Netzwerktheorie(n) – Ein Überblick
Authors: Gamper Markus 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungNetzwerktheorien fokussieren auf die Einbettung von Akteuren in ihr soziales Umfeld. Sie gehen davon aus, dass Akteure durch Beziehungen miteinander verbunden sind und in Wechselwirkung zueinander stehen. Hierbei bilden die geknüpften Relationen bestimmte Strukturen aus, die wiederum auf die eingebundenen Akteure wirken. Hinsichtlich ihres Erklärungsanspruches kann zwischen „Grand Theories“, die einen universellen Erklärungsanspruch verfolgen, und „Theorien der mittleren Reichweite“, die auf ein spezifisches Forschungsfeld beschränkt sind, unterschieden werden.
Organischer Kohlenstoff in Bächen – Auswirkungen ackerbaulicher Bewirtschaftungspraktiken
Authors: Weigelhofer Gabriele , Tiefenbacher Alexandra , Brandl Martin , Strauss Peter 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungMit über 45 % Flächenanteil stellt die Landwirtschaft die dominante Landnutzungsform in Niederösterreich dar. Durch landwirtschaftliche Nutzung werden große Mengen an gelöstem organischem Material in Bäche eingebracht. Dieses organische Material führt zu einer Veränderung von Gewässerprozessen und beeinträchtigt den ökologischen Zustand der Gewässer. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Auswirkungen verschiedener Bewirtschaftungspraktiken auf die Menge und die Qualität des gelösten organischen Materials in Fließgewässern zu untersuchen und die Folgen dieser Einträge auf den aquatischen Kohlenstoffumsatz und den Sauerstoffverbrauch abzuklären.Im Sommer 2017 und 2018 wurden Wasserproben aus Bächen mit unterschiedlicher Umlandnutzung, Kläranlagenabflüssen und der Donau in Niederösterreich entnommen und die Konzentrationen an gelöstem organischem Kohlenstoff (DOC) und Nährstoffen analysiert. Weiters wurde in kontrollierten Laborversuchen untersucht, wie sich Extrakte aus unterschiedlichen organischen Quellen, wie Wald- und Ackerboden, Blättern und Gülle, auf die mikrobielle Atmung in Bachsedimenten auswirken. Im Rahmen von Perkolationsversuchen analysierten wir die Auswirkungen von Düngung auf die Konzentrationen von organischem Material im Porenwasser unterschiedlicher Bodentypen.Die Freilanderhebungen zeigen, dass die Konzentrationen an gelöstem organischen Kohlenstoff und Nährstoffen mit zunehmender Nutzung des Umlands durch Landwirtschaft oder Siedlungen ansteigen. Zudem kam es zu einer Anreicherung an labilen organischen Stoffen, was auf eine Belastung durch Mikroorganismen und auf erhöhte mikrobielle Umsatzraten in den Gewässern hindeutet. In den Laborversuchen führten manche DOC-Quellen, wie z. B. Gülle- oder Kuhfladenextrakt, zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung des bakteriellen Sauerstoffverbrauchs. Leicht verfügbare Kohlenstoffquellen haben somit das Potenzial, den Sauerstoffverbrauch in Gewässern zu stimulieren, wobei deren Wirkung sowohl von der Menge und Art der Kohlenstoffquelle als auch von der Beschaffenheit und der stofflichen Vorbelastung der Sedimente abhängt. In den Perkolationsversuchen führte eine nitratbasierende Düngung, unabhängig von der Art des Düngers (mineralisch oder organisch) zu einer Reduktion der DOC-Konzentrationen im Sickerwasser. Der Grund für diese Reduktion könnte in einer Stimulation der Mineralisierung von organischem Material im Boden durch das eingebrachte Nitrat liegen. Unsere Studie weist auf die Bedeutung einer ausreichend langen Bodenpassage hin, um Fließgewässer in landwirtschaftlichen Regionen vor dem Eintrag von labilem organischen Kohlenstoff zu schützen. Das ist gerade im Hinblick auf eine prognostizierte Anhäufung von Trockenheit und Starkregenereignissen in der Zukunft wichtig, die zu einem verstärkten Eintrag von Bodenmaterial in Oberflächengewässer führen kann.
An analysis on the slaking and disintegration extent of weak rock mass of the water tunnels for hydropower project using modified slake durability test
Authors: Selen Lena , Panthi Krishna Kanta , Vistnes Gunnar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWater tunnels built for hydropower passing through weak and heterogeneous rock mass pose challenges associated to slaking and disintegration, as they are first exposed to dry condition during excavation and are then filled with water to produce hydropower energy. Over the period of operational life, these tunnels are drained periodically for inspections and repair leading to drainage and filling cycles. The weakening of rock mass caused by cycles of drying, saturation and drainage may lead to the propagation of instabilities in the tunnels. Therefore, it is important to study the slaking and disintegration behavior of the weak rock mass consisting of clay and clay-like minerals. This paper assesses the mineralogical composition of flysch and serpentinite from the headrace tunnel of Moglicë Hydropower Project in Albania. Further, to determine the slaking and disintegration behavior of these rocks, extensive testing using both the ISRM, Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 16(2):143-151, (1979) suggested test method and a modified variant of this test are performed. Finally, comprehensive assessments, discussions and comparisons are made. It is found that the modified slake durability test better suits for the tunnels built as water conveying systems such as hydropower tunnels.
Interoperability and Considerations for Standards-Based Exchange of Medical Images: HIMSS-SIIM Collaborative White Paper
Authors: Persons Kenneth R. , Nagels Jason , Carr Chris , Mendelson David S. , Primo Henri “Rik” , Fischer Bernd , Doyle Matthew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis white paper explores the considerations of standards-based interoperability of medical images between organizations, patients, and providers. In this paper, we will look at three different standards-based image exchange implementations that have been deployed to facilitate exchange of images between provider organizations. The paper will describe how each implementation uses applicable technology and standards; the image types that are included; and the governance policies that define participation, access, and trust. Limitations of the solution or non-standard approaches to solve challenges will also be identified. Much can be learned from successes elsewhere, and those learnings will point to recommendations of best practices to facilitate the adoption of image exchange.
Factors modulating the effects of waking rest on memory
Authors: Martini Markus , Sachse Pierre 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStudy results indicate that moments of unoccupied rest immediately after learning serve an essential cognitive function: memory consolidation. However, there also are findings suggesting that waking rest after learning has similar effects on delayed memory performance as an active wake condition, where participants work on a cognitive distractor task. Based on these studies, we highlight several potentially modulating factors of the so-called resting effect.
The Formation and Evolution of Turbulent Swirling Vortex Rings Generated by Axial Swirlers
Authors: He Chuangxin , Gan Lian , Liu Yingzheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present work investigates the formation process and early stage evolution of turbulent swirling vortex rings, by using planar Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Vortex rings are produced in a piston-nozzle arrangement with swirl generated by 3D-printed axial swirlers in experiments. Idealised solid-body rotation is applied in LES to evaluate the effect of nozzle exit velocity profile in experiments. The Reynolds number (Re) based on the nozzle diameter D and the slug velocity U0 in the nozzle is 20,000. The swirl number S generated ranges from 0 (zero-swirl vortex ring) and 1.1, covering the two critical swirl numbers previously identified in a swirling jet. Both PIV and LES results show that the formation number F decreases linearly as S increases, with the maximum F ≈ 2.6 at S = 0 (produced by the swirler with straight vanes) and minimum F = 1.9 at S = 1.1. The corresponding maximum attainable circulation in the nozzle axis parallel plane also diminishes with increasing S. Evolution of compact rings produced by a stroke ratio L/D = 1.5 reveals that circulation decay rate is largely proportional to S. The trajectory of the vortex core in the axial direction, hence the ring axial propagation velocity, decreases as S, while that in the radial direction and the radial propagation velocity, increase with S. An empirical scaling function is proposed to scale these variables.
External radiation exposure of the Angolan population living in adobe houses
Authors: Salupeto-Dembo Judith , Szabó-Krausz Zsuzsanna , Völgyesi Péter , Kis Zoltán , Szabό Csaba 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the radioactivity of adobe in Angola, where it is a widely used building material. Sixty samples have been collected from three remote areas of the country with different geological backgrounds (Cabinda, Huambo, Menongue). Activity concentrations of226Ra,232Th and40K have been determined by gamma-ray spectroscopy and radiation hazard indices were also calculated. The area Huambo shows elevated226Ra and232Th values which can be explained by its older geological formations.40K concentrations are low in general. Regarding external radiation risk, adobe from Angola is safe to use as building material.
The Argument of Rightness as an Element of the Discretionary Power of the Administrative Judge
Authors: Wojciechowski Bartosz , Zirk-Sadowski Marek 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe article concerns the situation of the judicial application of the law where the entity applying the law refers in a decision-making process to moral principles. The decision should be based on the directives of interpretation, which indicate the need for such a determination of the meaning of the applicable norms so that it remains in harmony with commonly accepted moral rules of the society. The equity (understood as rightness) has one more purpose; namely, it allows for the process of decision-making—and not just for the process of unifying the decisions—since the mere rule does not specify the algorithm of undertaking them. This rule thus assumes that it will be further specified byphronesisjudge who in a given situation will determine—for the purposes of a particular decision—a hierarchy between the criteria of substantive justice “embedded” in this rule. The reference to equity (rightness) stands for the concretization of an unspecified general rule. We deal here with an indefinite general rule, the application of which is facilitated by a reference to rightness.
Gingerol inhibits cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis in rats and minks by regulating the central and peripheral 5-HT, SP, and DA systems
Authors: Tian Li , Qian Weibin , Qian Qiuhai , Zhang Wei , Cai Xinrui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gingerol, a biologically active component in ginger, has shown antiemetic properties. Our study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of gingerol on protecting rats and minks from chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The preventive impact of gingerol was evaluated in the pica model of rats and the vomiting model of minks induced by cisplatin at every 6 h continuously for a duration of 72 h. Animals were arbitrarily separated into blank control group, simple gingerol control group, cisplatin control group, cisplatin + metoclopramide group, cisplatin + three different doses gingerol group (low-dose; middle-dose; high-dose). The area postrema as well as ileum damage were assessed using H&E stain. The levels of 5-TH, 5-HT3 receptor, TPH, SERT, SP, NK1 receptor, PPT, NEP, DA, D2R, TH, and DAT were determined using immunohistochemistry or qRT-PCR in rats and minks. All indicators were measured in the area postrema along with ileum. The kaolin intake by rats and the incidence of CINV of minks were significantly decreased after pretreatment with gingerol in a dosage-dependent way for the duration of 0–24-h and 24–72-h. Gingerol markedly decreased the levels of 5-TH, 5-HT3 receptor, TPH, SP, NK1 receptor, PPT, DA, D2R, TH, alleviated area postrema as well as ileum damage, and increased the accumulation of SERT, NEP, DAT in the area postrema along with ileum of rats and minks. Gingerol alleviates cisplatin-induced kaolin intake of rats and emesis of minks possibly by regulating central and peripheral 5-HT system, SP system and DA system.

Graphic abstract
Effects of magnetic ionic liquid as a lubricant on the friction and wear behavior of a steel-steel sliding contact under elevated temperatures
Authors: Jia Jiajia , Yang Guangbin , Zhang Chunli , Zhang Shengmao , Zhang Yujuan , Zhang Pingyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA magnetic ionic liquid (abridged as MIL) [C6mim]5[Dy(SCN)8] was prepared and used as the magnetic lubricant of a steel-steel sliding pair. The tribological properties of the as-prepared MIL were evaluated with a commercially obtained magnetic fluid lubricant (abridged as MF; the mixture of dioctyl sebacate and Fe3O4, denoted as DIOS-Fe3O4) as a control. The lubrication mechanisms of the two types of magnetic lubricants were discussed in relation to worn surface analyses by SEM-EDS, XPS, and profilometry, as well as measurement of the electric contact resistance of the rubbed steel surfaces. The results revealed that the MIL exhibits better friction-reducing and antiwear performances than the as-received MF under varying test temperatures and loads. This is because the MIL participates in tribochemical reactions during the sliding process, and forms a boundary lubrication film composed of Dy2O3, FeS, FeSO4, nitrogen-containing organics, and thioether on the rubbed disk surface, thereby reducing the friction and wear of the frictional pair. However, the MF is unable to form a lubricating film on the surface of the rubbed steel at 25 °C, though it can form a boundary film consisting of Fe3O4 and a small amount of organics under high temperature. Furthermore, the excessive Fe3O4 particulates that accumulate in the sliding zone may lead to enhanced abrasive wear of the sliding pair.
Our recent progress in epigenetic research using the model ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Cheng Ting , Wang Yuanyuan , Huang Jie , Chen Xiao , Zhao Xiaolu , Gao Shan , Song Weibo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEpigenetic research focuses on heritable changes beyond the DNA sequence, which has led to a revolution in biological studies and benefits in many other fields. The well-known model ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila offers a unique system for epigenetic studies due to its nuclear dimorphism and special mode of sexual reproduction (conjugation), as well as abundant genomic resources and genetic tools. In this paper, we summarize recent progress made by our research team and collaborators in understanding epigenetic mechanisms using Tetrahymena. This includes: (1) providing the first genome-wide base pair-resolution map of DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) and revealed it as an integral part of the chromatin landscape; (2) dissecting the relative contribution of cis- and trans- elements to nucleosome distribution by exploring the unique nuclear dimorphism of Tetrahymena; (3) demonstrating the epigenetic controls of RNAi-dependent Polycomb repression pathways on transposable elements, and (4) identifying a new histone monomethyltransferase, TXR1 (Tetrahymena Trithorax 1), that facilitates replication elongation through its substrate histone H3 lysine 27 monomethylation (H3K27me1).
Comparison of cholinesterase inhibitor safety in real‐world practice
Authors: Carney Greg , Bassett Ken , Wright James M. , Maclure Malcolm , McGuire Nicolette , Dormuth Colin R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionCholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are widely used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. Clinical trials have focused on placebo comparisons, inadequately addressing within‐class comparative safety.MethodsNew users of ChEIs in British Columbia were categorized into five study cohorts: low‐dose donepezil, high‐dose donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine patch, and oral rivastigmine. Comparative safety of ChEIs assessed hazard ratios using propensity score adjusted Cox regression.ResultsCompared with low‐dose donepezil, galantamine use was associated with a lower risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.84, 95% confidence interval: 0.60–1.18), cardiovascular serious adverse events (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.62–0.98), and entry into a residential care facility (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.89).DiscussionGiven the absence of randomized trial data showing clinically meaningful benefit of ChEI therapy in Alzheimer's disease, our study suggests preferential use of galantamine may at least be associated with fewer adverse events than treatment with donepezil or rivastigmine.
Fluid Borders of National-Cultural Autonomy: The Legal Status of National Minority Councils in Serbia
Authors: Beretka Katinka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article gives an overview of the current position of minority self-governance within the Serbian legal order and its multilevel governance structure, with a particular focus on issues deriving from the missing legal determination of national minority councils. Although Serbia’s 2009 Law on National Minority Councils was welcomed by the international community, both national minority councils and public agencies have from the very beginning of its operation expressed serious concerns relating inter alia to the unspecified legal status of the councils. This has resulted in frequent misunderstandings in practice and, rather than being real self-governments of national minorities under public law, the councils are usually treated as nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) or organizations under the influence of political parties. Instead of presenting (international) political and social scientific approaches to the legal character of non-territorial autonomy in general, the article focuses on concrete legislative solutions and Constitutional Court practice regarding issues relevant to the de jure status of national minority councils in Serbia, such as election rules, competences, and funding.
The impact of a higher eating frequency on the diet quality and nutritional status of women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Lima Mariana Tavares Miranda , Maruyama Taynara Cruvinel , Custódio Isis Danyelle Dias , Marinho Eduarda da Costa , Ferreira Isabela Borges , Crispim Cibele Aparecida , Paiva Carlos Eduardo , Maia Yara Cristina de Paiva 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study investigated the association between eating frequency (EF), diet quality and nutritional status of fifty-five women with breast cancer (BC) undergoing chemotherapy (CT), with three follow-ups, before the first cycle (T0), after the intermediate cycle (T1) and after the last cycle of CT (T2). Dietary data were obtained by nine 24-h dietary recalls (24HR), and the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) was used for qualitative analysis of diet. The average EF was established by adding the number of daily eating episodes in the three 24HR of each time. Anthropometric variables were obtained at three times. Women who reported higher EF (equal to or above median value (T0 and T1: 4·67; T2: 4·33 eating episodes)) presented better anthropometric parameters, in T0 and T1, as well as higher scores for BHEI-R specific groups and BHEI-R Total score in T1 and T2. In generalised linear models, the continuous variable EF was negatively associated with all the anthropometric variables in T0 and with the waist:height ratio in T1. There were positive associations for the BHEI-R groups at the three times: Total Fruit; Whole Fruit; Total Vegetables; Dark Green and Orange Vegetables and Legumes. At T1 and T2 the EF was positively associated with the BHEI-R Total score, and also with Whole Grains in T1. The results suggest that a higher EF was associated with a better diet quality during CT in women with BC. In contrast, an inverse association was observed between EF and anthropometric parameters before the first cycle of treatment.
Atom Probe Tomography Characterization of Dopant Distributions in Si FinFET: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Hu Rong , Xue Jing , Wu Xingping , Zhang Yanbo , Zhu Huilong , Sha Gang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAtom probe tomography (APT) has emerged as an important tool in characterizing three-dimensional semiconductor devices. However, the complex structure and hybrid nature of a semiconductor device can pose serious challenges to the accurate measurement of dopants. In particular, local magnification and trajectory aberration observed when analyzing hybrid materials with different evaporation fields can cause severe distortions in reconstructed geometry and uncertainty in local chemistry measurement. To address these challenges, this study systematically investigates the effect of APT sampling directions on the measurement of n-type dopants P and As in an Si fin field-effect transistor (FinFET). We demonstrate that the APT samples made with their Z-axis perpendicular to the center axis of the fin are effective to minimize the negative effects that result from evaporation field differences between the Si fin and SiO2 on reconstruction and achieve improved measurement of dopant distributions. In addition, new insights have been gained regarding the distribution of ion-implanted P and As in the Si FinFET.
Cellular Evidence of CD63-Enriched Exosomes and Multivesicular Bodies within the Seminiferous Tubule during the Spermatogenesis of Turtles
Authors: Tarique Imran , Haseeb Abdul , Bai Xuebing , Li Wenqian , Yang Ping , Huang Yufei , Yang Sheng , Xu Mengdi , Zhang Yue , Vistro Waseem Ali , Fazlani Surfaraz Ali , Chen Qiusheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe seminiferous tubule (ST) is the location of spermatogenesis, where mature spermatozoa are produced with the assistance of Sertoli cells. The role of extracellular vesicles in the direct communication between Sertoli-germ cells in the ST is still not fully understood. In this study, we reported multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and their source of CD63-enriched exosomes by light and ultrastructure microscopy during the reproductive phases of turtles. Strong CD63 immunopositivity was detected at the basal region in the early and luminal regions of the ST during late spermatogenesis by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and western blot (WB) analysis. Labeling of CD63 was detected in the Sertoli cell cytoplasmic processes that surround the developing germ cells during early spermatogenesis and in the lumen of the ST with elongated spermatids during late spermatogenesis. Furthermore, ultrastructure analysis confirmed the existence of numerous MVBs in the Sertoli cell prolongations that surround the round and primary spermatogonia during acrosome biogenesis and with the embedded heads of spermatids in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells. Additionally, in spermatids, Chrysanthemum flower centers (CFCs) generated isolated membranes involved in MVBs and autophagosome formation, and their fusion to form amphiosomes was also observed. Additionally, autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine (after 24 h) increased CD63 protein signals during late spermatogenesis, as detected by IF and WB. Collectively, our study found MVBs and CD63 rich exosomes within the Sertoli cells and their response to autophagy inhibition in the ST during the spermatogenesis in the turtle.