bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera) diversity, dominance, and richness in the southwestern region of Bhutan with three new records for the country
Authors: Tshering Sangay , Gurung Dhan Bahadur , Sherub Karma , Dookia Sumit , Dorji Kuenzang , Choephyel Pema 
Published: January 2020

Bats are ecologically crucial as they are good pollinators and pest controllers, but are less known in Bhutan. We investigated bat diversity and richness in broadleaved forests of southwestern Bhutan. Fieldwork was carried out from July 2016 to April 2017 using mist nets and hoop nets. The main objective of the study was to document bat diversity and species richness. We captured 157 bats of 10 species belonging to four families. Two species (Myotis siligorensis Horsfield, 1855 and Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823) accounted for almost 52% of the total captures. Species richness of bats differed depending upon habitat types. Myotis siligorensis was captured more often from broadleaved forests whereas Rhinolophus macrotis Blyth, 1844 and Rhinolophus affinis were common around human settlements. The present study contributed three new records for Bhutan which increased the bat diversity from 65 to 68 species. We conclude that the southwestern region, especially Chukha District, could be one of the bat diversity hotspots in Bhutan.
Digital image post processing techniques for taxonomic publications with reference to insects
Authors: Joshi Nikhil , Ghate Hemant , Padhye Sameer 
Published: January 2020

There exists substantial literature for capturing digital images of insect specimens for taxonomy purposes but very few papers are available on post processing of these images. We present a few techniques for editing digital images of insects using Adobe® Photoshop® which can be performed in a relatively short amount of time. The results clearly show that techniques using a combination of options like Curves, Dodge/Burn, Hue/Saturation and Lab Color mode in the software, enhance the quality of the original image without changing any taxonomic information. These methods applied in different combinations can be used for taxonomy of any insect taxon. We also caution the readers of the abuse of such techniques in context of taxonomy.
Re-collection of the Luminous Lantern Flower Ceropegia lucida Wall. (Apocynaceae) from Assam, India
Authors: Dey Debolina , Baruah Manash , Devi Nilakshee , Borah Jitendra Nath 
Published: January 2020

The present paper records the re-collection of an extremely rare plant Ceropegia lucida Wall. from the Golaghat District of Assam after a gap of 145 years. A detailed account of the plant has been given to aid in its proper identification and further conservation steps.
Composition, diversity and foraging guilds of avifauna in agricultural landscapes In Panipat, Haryana, India
Authors: Kumar Parmesh , Sahu Sharmila 
Published: January 2020

Avian communities are very good indicators of integrity and stability of ecosystem structure and functions. Assessment of bird assemblages in different landscapes is therefore emphasized from an environmental monitoring viewpoint. Bird surveys were carried out from April 2015 to March 2016 to document the avian species assemblage of agricultural landscapes in Panipat, Haryana, India. Point-transect in amalgam with opportunistic encounter methods were used to collect data. A total of 101 bird species under 44 families and 15 orders were recorded from the study area. The bird species richness was highest for the order Passeriformes (48), followed by Pelecaniformes (15), Charadriiformes (6), and the remaining 12 orders. Ardeidae was the most diverse bird family in the study area. Among the recorded avifauna, 77 species were residents, 18 species were winter migrants and six species were summer migrants. Species richness was recorded to be highest in the month of January compared to the remaining months. Species richness, abundance, diversity and evenness differed significantly (P < 0.05) between seasons as well as among the agricultural landscapes. Most bird species were insectivorous (36) followed by carnivorous (26), omnivorous (24), granivorous (9), frugivorous (5) and nectarivorous (1). Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus, Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, and Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria are four Near Threatened species found in this region. Interestingly, five species having globally declining population trends are still common in the study area. The observed richness of avian species in the study area calls for further studies on habitat preference, seasonal changes, nest ecology, and breeding biology to understand species speciﬁc roles of birds in agro-ecosystems.
Rhynchotechum parviflorum Blume (Gesneriaceae): a new record to mainland India
Authors: Taram Momang , Mipun Puranjoy , Borah Dipankar 
Published: January 2020

Rhynchotechum parviflorum Blume earlier known to occur in Nicobar Islands of India is now recorded for the first time from Upper Siang of Arunachal Pradesh, Mainland India. A short description along with colour images are provided for easy identification.
Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from the vicinity of Araabath Lake, Chennai, India
Authors: Caleb John T.D. 
Published: January 2020

This study documents the spider fauna in the vicinity of a suburban lake (Araabath Lake) in Chennai. A total of 70 species of spiders belonging to 58 genera and 21 families were recorded. Seven species are endemic to India and six are endemic to India and Sri Lanka. Salticidae was the most dominant with 24 species belonging to 19 genera. Guild structure analysis revealed seven feeding guilds of which, stalkers and orb-web weavers were the dominant feeding guilds followed by ground runners and ambushers, respectively.
Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Arnott Clare , Li Qiang , Kang Amy , Neuen Brendon L. , Bompoint Severine , Lam Carolyn S. P. , Rodgers Anthony , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Cannon Christopher P. , Perkovic Vlado , Jardine Meg J. , Neal Bruce 
Published: January 2020

Background
Several trials have demonstrated protective effects from inhibition of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is uncertainty about the consistency of the cardiovascular benefits achieved across patient subsets.

Methods and Results

We included 4 large‐scale trials of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition compared with placebo in patients with diabetes mellitus that reported effects on cardiovascular outcomes overall and for participant subgroups defined at baseline by cardiovascular disease, reduced kidney function, and heart failure. Fixed effects models with inverse variance weighting were used to estimate summary hazard ratios and 95%
CIs
. There were 38 723 patients from 4 trials, with a mean 2.9 years of follow‐up. Of the patients, 22 870 (59%) had cardiovascular disease, 7754 (20%) had reduced kidney function, and 4543 (12%) had heart failure. There were 3828 major adverse cardiac events. There was overall benefit for major adverse cardiac events (0.88; 95%
CI
, 0.82–0.94;
P
<0.001) and no evidence that the effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition varied across patient subgroups, defined by the presence of cardiovascular disease or heart failure at baseline (all
P
interaction >0.252; I
2
<25%). All patient subgroups benefited with respect to hospitalization for heart failure (all
P
interaction>0.302; I
2
<10%), cardiovascular death (all
P
interaction>0.167; I
2
<50%), and death from any cause (all
P
interaction>0.354; I
2
=0%). The only difference in effects across subgroups was for stroke, with protection observed among those with reduced kidney function but not those with preserved kidney function (
P
interaction=0.020; I
2
=81%).

Conclusions
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors protect against cardiovascular disease and death in diverse subsets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus regardless of cardiovascular disease history.
The syntax of Arabic vocatives
Authors: Al-Bataineh Hussein 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the syntactic structure of Arabic vocatives, focusing on case-marking of vocatives. The assignment of accusative and nominative-like case can be accounted for in the light of Hill (2017)’s proposal which provides the basic structure of the vocative phrase. This paper argues that in Arabic vocatives (i) the particle YAA is a transitive probe with valued [ACC-Case] and unvalued [2nd] and [Distance] features; (ii) The D has the unvalued case feature [u-Case], and it has both the [2nd] and [+Distance] features if it is a free pronoun and (iii) The vocative noun carries the valued [2nd] and [+/-Distance] features. Based on these assumptions, I argued that indefinite vocatives are assigned accusative case only if they are merged with an overt D -n, otherwise a nominative-like case surfaces on the noun by default. Proper names have the same analysis since the presence of the indefinite article -n is a prerequisite for accusative case assignment. Concerning vocatives as heads of Construct States, N-to-D movement takes place in order to assign [+def] feature to D and is assigned accusative case by YAA. Regarding vocatives in demonstrative phrases, the existence of a null D prevents the vocative noun from being assigned an overt accusative case. Concerning vocative pronouns, only accusative case is assigned since the determiner carrying the [u-Case] feature is overt.
Benefit and harm of intravenous vasodilators across the clinical profile spectrum in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema patients
Authors: Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kohsaka Shun , Katsuki Toshiomi , Harada Kazumasa , Miyazaki Tetsuro , Miyamoto Takamichi , Matsushita Kenichi , Iida Kiyoshi , Takei Makoto , Yamamoto Yoshiya , Shindo Akito , Kitano Daisuke , Nagatomo Yuji , Jimba Takahiro , Yamamoto Takeshi , Nagao Ken , Takayama Morimasa ,   for Tokyo CCU Network Scientific Committee
Published: January 2020

Background:
The absence of high quality, large-scale data that indicates definitive mortality benefits does not allow for firm conclusions on the role of intravenous vasodilators in acute heart failure. We aimed to investigate the associations between intravenous vasodilators and clinical outcomes in acute heart failure patients, with a specific focus on patient profiles and type of vasodilators.

Methods:
Data of 26,212 consecutive patients urgently hospitalised for a primary diagnosis of acute heart failure between 2009 and 2015 were extracted from a government-funded multicentre data registration system. Propensity scores were calculated with multiple imputations and 1:1 matching performed between patients with and without vasodilator use. The primary endpoint was inhospital mortality.

Results:
On direct comparison of the vasodilator and non-vasodilator groups after propensity score matching, there were no significant differences in the inhospital mortality rates (7.5% vs. 8.8%, respectively; P=0.098) or length of intensive/cardiovascular care unit stay and hospital stay between the two groups. However, there was a substantial difference in baseline systolic blood pressure by vasodilator type; favourable impacts of vasodilator use on inhospital mortality were observed among patients who had higher systolic blood pressures and those who had no atrial fibrillation on admission. Furthermore, when compared to nitrates, the use of carperitide (natriuretic peptide agent) was significantly associated with worse outcomes, especially in patients with intermediate systolic blood pressures.

Conclusions:
In acute heart failure patients, vasodilator use was not universally associated with improved inhospital outcomes; rather, its effect depended on individual clinical presentation: patients with higher systolic blood pressure and no atrial fibrillation seemed to benefit maximally from vasodilators.

Trial registration:
UMIN-CTR identifier, UMIN000013128
Quasimetagenomic source tracking of Listeria monocytogenes from naturally contaminated ice cream
Authors: Ottesen Andrea , Ramachandran Padmini , Chen Yi , Brown Eric , Reed Elizabeth , Strain Errol 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The more quickly bacterial pathogens responsible for foodborne illness outbreaks can be linked to a vehicle of transmission or a source, the more illnesses can be prevented. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) based approaches to source tracking have greatly increased the speed and resolution with which public health response can pinpoint the vehicle and source of outbreaks. Traditionally, WGS approaches have focused on the culture of an individual isolate before proceeding to DNA extraction and sequencing. For Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), generation of an individual isolate for sequencing typically takes about 6 days. Here we demonstrate that a hybrid, “quasimetagenomic” approach ie; direct sequencing of microbiological enrichments (first step in pathogen detection and recovery) can provide high resolution source tracking sequence data, 5 days earlier than response that focuses on culture and sequencing of an individual isolate. This expedited approach could save lives, prevent illnesses and potentially minimize unnecessary destruction of food.

Methods
Naturally contaminated ice cream (from a 2015 outbreak) was enriched to recover Listeria monocytogenes following protocols outlined in the Bacteriological Analytic Manual (BAM). DNA from enriching microbiota was extracted and sequenced at incremental time-points during the first 48 h of pre-enrichment using the Illumina MiSeq platform (2 by 250), to evaluate genomic coverage of target pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes.

Results
Quasimetagenomic sequence data acquired from hour 20 were sufficient to discern whether or not Lm strain/s were part of the ongoing outbreak or not. Genomic data from hours 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 of pre-enrichments all provided identical phylogenetic source tracking utility to the WGS of individual isolates (which require an additional 5 days to culture).

Conclusions
The speed of this approach (more than twice as fast as current methods) has the potential to reduce the number of illnesses associated with any given outbreak by as many as 75% percent of total cases and potentially with continued optimization of the entire chain of response, contribute to minimized food waste.
Clinical and microbiological effect of pulsed xenon ultraviolet disinfection to reduce multidrug-resistant organisms in the intensive care unit in a Japanese hospital: a before-after study
Authors: Morikane Keita , Suzuki Shoko , Yoshioka Jun , Yakuwa Jun , Nakane Masaki , Nemoto Kenji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
No-touch environmental disinfection using ultraviolet devices has been highlighted in the past several years to control the transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). However, its effectiveness in non-US healthcare settings is yet to be examined. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfection by portable pulsed xenon ultraviolet (PX-UV) devices in controlling transmission of MDROs in a non-US healthcare setting.

Methods
All patients admitted in the intensive care unit in a 629-bed tertiary referral hospital in Japan from August 2016 to February 2019 were enrolled. During the study period, PX-UV disinfection was added to manual terminal cleaning after every patient transfer/discharge. For microbiological evaluation, surfaces were selected for sampling by contact plates before/after manual cleaning and after PX-UV. After overnight incubation, colonies on the plates were counted.

Results
The incidence of newly acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) declined significantly (13.8 to 9.9 per 10,000 patient days, incidence rate ratio 0.71, p = 0.002), as well as that of newly acquired drug-resistant Acinetobacter (48.5 to 18.1, 0.37, p < 0.001). The percent reduction of the microbiological burden by manual cleaning was 81%, but a further 59% reduction was achieved by PX-UV.

Conclusions
PX-UV is effective in further reducing the microbial burden and controlling MDROs in a non-US healthcare setting.
Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases and miRNAs in the metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ren Zhen-Hu , Wu Kun , Yang Rong , Liu Zhe-Qi , Cao Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Our study aimed to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods
The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of six metastatic tumour samples, six nonmetastatic tumour samples, and six normal tissue samples were used for microarray analysis. Moreover, the important genes and miRNAs were validated by published profiles in Oncomine and by qRT-PCR.

Results
MMP7, MMP13, and MMP10 were upregulated, and MMP12 and MMP9 were downregulated in metastatic tumours compared with nonmetastatic tumours. MMP7 was regulated by miR-4697-5p and miR-7109-5p. MMP7 and MMP13 were upregulated in OSCC samples compared with normal samples in Oncomine. Moreover, qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of miR-7109-5p and miR-34b was decreased in metastatic tumours compared with nonmetastatic tumours.

Conclusions
Our study suggested that miR-7109-5p and miR-34b might play important roles in the metastasis of OSCC by regulating MMP7 and MMP13 expression, respectively.
Expression of SMARCD1 interacts with age in association with asthma control on inhaled corticosteroid therapy
Authors: McGeachie Michael J. , Sordillo Joanne E. , Dahlin Amber , Wang Alberta L. , Lutz Sharon M. , Tantisira Kelan G. , Panganiban Ronald , Lu Quan , Sajuthi Satria , Urbanek Cydney , Kelly Rachel , Saef Benjamin , Eng Celeste , Oh Sam S. , Kho Alvin T. , Croteau-Chonka Damien C. , Weiss Scott T. , Raby Benjamin A. , Mak Angel C. Y. , Rodriguez-Santana Jose R. , Burchard Esteban G. , Seibold Max A. , Wu Ann Chen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Global gene expression levels are known to be highly dependent upon gross demographic features including age, yet identification of age-related genomic indicators has yet to be comprehensively undertaken in a disease and treatment-specific context.

Methods
We used gene expression data from CD4+ lymphocytes in the Asthma BioRepository for Integrative Genomic Exploration (Asthma BRIDGE), an open-access collection of subjects participating in genetic studies of asthma with available gene expression data. Replication population participants were Puerto Rico islanders recruited as part of the ongoing Genes environments & Admixture in Latino Americans (GALA II), who provided nasal brushings for transcript sequencing. The main outcome measure was chronic asthma control as derived by questionnaires. Genomic associations were performed using regression of chronic asthma control score on gene expression with age in years as a covariate, including a multiplicative interaction term for gene expression times age.

Results
The SMARCD1 gene (SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1) interacted with age to influence chronic asthma control on inhaled corticosteroids, with a doubling of expression leading to an increase of 1.3 units of chronic asthma control per year (95% CI [0.86, 1.74], p = 6 × 10− 9), suggesting worsening asthma control with increasing age. This result replicated in GALA II (p = 3.8 × 10− 8). Cellular assays confirmed the role of SMARCD1 in glucocorticoid response in airway epithelial cells.

Conclusion
Focusing on age-dependent factors may help identify novel indicators of asthma medication response. Age appears to modulate the effect of SMARCD1 on asthma control with inhaled corticosteroids.
Polymorphic markers for identification of parasite population in Plasmodium malariae
Authors: Mathema Vivek Bhakta , Nakeesathit Supatchara , Pagornrat Watcharee , Smithuis Frank , White Nicholas J. , Dondorp Arjen M. , Imwong Mallika 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Molecular genotyping in Plasmodium serves many aims including providing tools for studying parasite population genetics and distinguishing recrudescence from reinfection. Microsatellite typing, insertion-deletion (INDEL) and single nucleotide polymorphisms is used for genotyping, but only limited information is available for Plasmodium malariae, an important human malaria species. This study aimed to provide a set of genetic markers to facilitate the study of P. malariae population genetics.

Methods
Markers for microsatellite genotyping and pmmsp1 gene polymorphisms were developed and validated in symptomatic P. malariae field isolates from Myanmar (N = 37). Fragment analysis was used to determine allele sizes at each locus to calculate multiplicity of infections (MOI), linkage disequilibrium, heterozygosity and construct dendrograms. Nucleotide diversity (π), number of haplotypes, and genetic diversity (Hd) were assessed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Genome-wide microsatellite maps with annotated regions of newly identified markers were constructed.

Results
Six microsatellite markers were developed and tested in 37 P. malariae isolates which showed sufficient heterozygosity (0.530–0.922), and absence of linkage disequilibrium (IAS=0.03, p value > 0.05) (N = 37). In addition, a tandem repeat (VNTR)-based pmmsp1 INDEL polymorphisms marker was developed and assessed in 27 P. malariae isolates showing a nucleotide diversity of 0.0976, haplotype gene diversity of 0.698 and identified 14 unique variants. The size of VNTR consensus repeat unit adopted as allele was 27 base pairs. The markers Pm12_426 and pmmsp1 showed greatest diversity with heterozygosity scores of 0.920 and 0.835, respectively. Using six microsatellites markers, the likelihood that any two parasite strains would have the same microsatellite genotypes was 8.46 × 10−4 and was further reduced to 1.66 × 10−4 when pmmsp1 polymorphisms were included.

Conclusions
Six novel microsatellites genotyping markers and a set of pmmsp1 VNTR-based INDEL polymorphisms markers for P. malariae were developed and validated. Each marker could be independently or in combination employed to access genotyping of the parasite. The newly developed markers may serve as a useful tool for investigating parasite diversity, population genetics, molecular epidemiology and for distinguishing recrudescence from reinfection in drug efficacy studies.