bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy and Safety of CO2 Laser Treatment for Sexual Function and Vaginal Laxity Improvement in Pre‐Menopausal Women
Authors: Lauterbach Roy , Dabaja Hanin , Matanes Emad , Gruenwald Ilan , Lowenstein Lior 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectivesVaginal laxity lacks standardized diagnosis and severity criteria. It is considered as a subjective complaint that reflects decreased sexual satisfaction due to vaginal loosening. Treatment modalities have included physiotherapy and plastic surgery. Recently, laser treatments have also gained popularity as a means of relieving gynecological complaints such as pelvic organ prolapse, stress urinary incontinence, and genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of CO2 laser treatment in women for whom a decrease in sexual sensation during intercourse and vaginal loosening were their primary complaints.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFor this prospective study, women with reported vaginal laxity and decreased sensation during intercourse were recruited from the Sexual Dysfunction Clinic in our health care campus. Each participant received three outpatient treatments with laser therapy, according to the same protocol. Treatment efficacy was assessed by changes in the Vaginal Health Index (VHI) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).ResultsOverall, 84 pre‐menopause women, with a mean age of 47.7 years, were included in the study. Mean VHI and FSFI were increased significantly at 3 months post‐treatment and decreased again at 6 months post‐treatment: 11.8 ± 1.6, 13.5 ± 1.1, and 11.8 ± 1.2, respectively, P = 0.013; and 21.3 ± 1.7, 29.9 ± 1.6, and 22.5 ± 1.8, respectively, P = 0.022. The rate of sexual intercourse doubled during the period of maximal treatment effect (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsCO2 laser treatment has both a statistically and clinically significant effect on participants’ complaints and sex‐life, which wanes by 6 months post‐treatment. Laser therapy seems to be safe in the short term, with no serious adverse events reported in the current study. Further studies are warranted to determine the long‐term safety and the efficacy of maintenance laser treatments. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Reversal of Clar's Aromatic‐Sextet Rule in Ultrashort Single‐End‐Capped [5,5] Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Monaco Guglielmo , Scott Emeritus Lawrence T. , Zanasi Riccardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe three‐fold HOMO‐LUMO gap oscillation, typical of finite length armchair carbon nanotubes (CNT), has a major effect on the magnetic response of ultrashort, single‐end‐capped [5,5] carbon nanotubes to a perturbing magnetic field parallel to the main symmetry axis. For the CNT's containing 40, 70, and 100 carbon atoms, for which 100 % of the C=C double bonds can be grouped into aromatic‐sextets, i. e., fully or complete Clar networks, large paratropic (antiaromatic) global circulations around the cylindrical axis are predicted at the DFT level of calculation. Local and semi‐global diatropic (aromatic) currents of strengths not larger than that of the benzene molecule are determined for a perpendicular perturbing magnetic field. CNTs of intermediate lengths do not display this enhanced antiaromatic response. The paratropic current flow clearly shows that these complete Clar networks can be viewed as stacked cycloparaphenylene belts, each providing a double
annulene circuit as a consequence of the quinoidal resonance structure that results from their closure. Paradoxically, the fully aromatic Clar structure itself is responsible for the enhanced global antiaromaticity.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Induced Topological Hall Effect in a Nonmagnetic Band Insulator
Authors: Ojha Shashank Kumar , Gogoi Sanat Kumar , Patidar Manju Mishra , Patel Ranjan Kumar , Mandal Prithwijit , Kumar Siddharth , Venkatesh Radhakrishnan , Ganesan Vedachalaiyer , Jain Manish , Middey Srimanta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe discovery of skyrmions has recently sparked tremendous interest in topologically nontrivial spin textures. The signature of the noncoplanar nature of magnetic moments can be observed as topological Hall effect (THE) in electrical measurement. Realization of such nontrivial spin textures in new materials and through new routes is an ongoing endeavor due to their huge potential for future ultra‐dense, low‐power memory applications. In this work, oxygen vacancy (OV)‐induced THE and anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in a 5d0 system KTaO3 are reported. The observation of weak antilocalization behavior and THE in the same temperature range strongly implies the crucial role of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) behind the origin of THE. Ab initio calculations reveal the formation of the magnetic moment on Ta atoms around the OV and Rashba‐type spin texturing of conduction electrons. In the presence of Rashba SOC, the local moments around vacancy can form bound magnetic polarons (BMPs) with noncollinear spin texture, resulting in THE. Scaling analysis between transverse and longitudinal resistance establishes skew scattering‐driven AHE in the present case. This study opens a route to realize topological phenomena through defect engineering.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral γ‐ and δ‐Amino Esters Using Trichlorosilane Activated with a Lewis Base Catalyst
Authors: Hasdemir Belma , Yaşa Hasniye , Yıldız Tülay , Küçük Hatice Başpınar , Onar Hülya Çelik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNovel chiral γ‐ and δ‐ amino esters 2 a–k were synthesized by enantioselective reduction of N‐aryl γ‐ and δ‐imino esters with aryl, substituted aryl, and heteroaryl groups 1 a–k using trichlorosilane activated with optically active N‐pivaloyl L‐proline I in high yields (50%–98%) with enantioselectivities (10%–84% enantiomeric excess). The structures of the chiral amino esters 2 a–k were clarified by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The enantiomeric excess of these compounds were identified by chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography using a Chiralpak AD−H column. The highest ee of 84% and highest yield of 98% were found for 2 d.
Defining the Need for Genetic Stock Assignment when Describing Stock Demographics and Dynamics: an Example using Lake Whitefish in Lake Michigan
Authors: Isermann Daniel A. , Belnap Matthew J. , Turnquist Keith N. , Sloss Brian L. , VanDeHey Justin A. , Hansen Scott P. , Caroffino David C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGenetic stock assignment is not routinely used when describing the dynamics and demographics of individual stocks supporting mixed‐stock fisheries, and capture location and timing are often used as alternative assignment methods. However, variation in stock demographics and dynamics may not be accounted for if stock assignments based on capture location or timing do not accurately reflect genetic assignments. We used Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lake Michigan as a model fishery to determine whether stock mixing could undermine efforts to describe stock status when using October capture location as a proxy for genetic stock assignment. Accuracy of stock assignments based on October capture location ranged from 54% to 100% among management zones. Metrics describing length and age distributions, weight at length, fecundity, and growth varied among genetic stocks. Stock‐specific metrics were typically similar between stock assignment methods (capture location versus genetics) because only one or two genetic stocks were collected in most locations and the majority of those fish were from spatially proximal stocks with similar metrics. However, more extensive mixing of Lake Whitefish stocks has been documented; thus, using capture location for stock assignment could result in incorrect conclusions regarding stock status and harvest management depending on stock composition. Ambiguity in genetic stock assignments was a problem in two management zones, where between 23% and 42% of Lake Whitefish did not assign to a specific stock with a probability of at least 0.70. In the future, using genomic techniques rather than microsatellites may provide different conclusions regarding genetic stock structure; these differences could affect the accuracy of using capture location for stock assignment. Use of capture location as a proxy for genetic stock assignment may not be warranted for all mixed‐stock fisheries but may be appropriate when stock mixing is limited or is restricted to stocks with consistently similar characteristics.
“Unflushables”: Establishing a global agenda for action on everyday practices associated with sewer blockages, water quality, and plastic pollution
Authors: Alda‐Vidal Cecilia , Browne Alison L. , Hoolohan Claire 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe disposal of unflushable products via the toilet is an enduring problem and increasing contributor to environmental and infrastructural challenges such as fatbergs, water quality and plastic pollution. Rising scientific and public interest in “throw‐away” cultures, and renewed government pressure for water and sewerage companies to act as custodians of water resources, raises questions about how and why impactful disposal practices occur and what might be done to change them. To date there has been little systematic research on unflushable products, and little is known about the routines and practices through which unflushable products find their way into wastewater systems. This paper reviews social science research including historical, sociological, and anthropological studies of cleanliness and hygiene, as well as sociotechnical approaches to the study of household practices and infrastructures to understand the challenges of unflushables. Based on this research, the paper offers a new conceptualization of the unflushables challenge. We argue that unflushables are a distributed problem, one that is not the direct consequence of either individual behavior, product design or infrastructural decline, but the outcome of myriad social, cultural and material developments in society. These include diversity in “flushing” cultures, gendered expectations in cleanliness practices; the evolution of conventions around cleanliness and hygiene; infrastructural imaginaries and expectations; and political dimensions of infrastructural development and maintenance. We demonstrate how social science research is essential in defining a new global research agenda on unflushables that further aids the design of new intervention and policy pathways.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Science of Water > Water Quality
Interactions of Beams with Surroundings
Authors: Brugger M. , Burkhardt H. , Goddard B. , Cerutti F. , Alia R. G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the exceptions of Synchrotron Radiation sources, beams of accelerated particles are generally designed to interact either with one another (in the case of colliders) or with a specific target (for the operation of Fixed Target experiments, the production of secondary beams and for medical applications). However, in addition to the desired interactions there are unwanted interactions of the high energy particles which can produce undesirable side effects. These interactions can arise from the unavoidable presence of residual gas in the accelerator vacuum chamber, or from the impact of particles lost from the beam on aperture limits around the accelerator, as well as the final beam dump. The wanted collisions of the beams in a collider to produce potentially interesting High Energy Physics events also reduces the density of the circulating beam and can produce high fluxes of secondary particles.
A cold forging process for producing thin-walled hollow balls from tube using a plastic insert
Authors: Samołyk Grzegorz , Winiarski Grzegorz , Gontarz Andrzej 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates a cold forging process for producing hollow balls made of an aluminium alloy. The forging with an outside diameter of 30 mm is formed from a tube section with a 2-mm wall thickness. Preliminary tests have shown that in traditional die forging, the use of a billet with such a small relative thickness not only limits the range of applicable geometric parameters but also causes buckling. The authors propose to solve this problem by using an additional tool that has an active effect on the inner surface of the workpiece, and thus makes it possible to control the forging process conditions. The tool is a plastic insert, i.e., an additional flexible core made of a low-melting alloy. Theoretical and experimental results presented in this paper provide a considerable insight into the cold forging process for thin-walled hollow balls. The effects of the plastic insert geometry and dimensions on the forging process are also examined. A solution is proposed to ensure that the forged part meets all requirements.
Impact of Gut Bacteria on the Infection and Transmission of Pathogenic Arboviruses by Biting Midges and Mosquitoes
Authors: Möhlmann Tim W. R. , Vogels Chantal B. F. , Göertz Giel P. , Pijlman Gorben P. , ter Braak Cajo J. F. , te Beest Dennis E. , Hendriks Marc , Nijhuis Els H. , Warris Sven , Drolet Barbara S. , van Overbeek Leo , Koenraadt Constantianus J. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTripartite interactions among insect vectors, midgut bacteria, and viruses may determine the ability of insects to transmit pathogenic arboviruses. Here, we investigated the impact of gut bacteria on the susceptibility of Culicoides nubeculosus and Culicoides sonorensis biting midges for Schmallenberg virus, and of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for Zika and chikungunya viruses. Gut bacteria were manipulated by treating the adult insects with antibiotics. The gut bacterial communities were investigated using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA, and susceptibility to arbovirus infection was tested by feeding insects with an infectious blood meal. Antibiotic treatment led to changes in gut bacteria for all insects. Interestingly, the gut bacterial composition of untreated Ae. aegypti and C. nubeculosus showed Asaia as the dominant genus, which was drastically reduced after antibiotic treatment. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment resulted in relatively more Delftia bacteria in both biting midge species, but not in mosquitoes. Antibiotic treatment and subsequent changes in gut bacterial communities were associated with a significant, 1.8-fold increased infection rate of C. nubeculosus with Schmallenberg virus, but not for C. sonorensis. We did not find any changes in infection rates for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with Zika or chikungunya virus. We conclude that resident gut bacteria may dampen arbovirus transmission in biting midges, but not so in mosquitoes. Use of antimicrobial compounds at livestock farms might therefore have an unexpected contradictory effect on the health of animals, by increasing the transmission of viral pathogens by biting midges.
Thyroid surgery in children and young adults: potential overtreatment and complications
Authors: Staubitz Julia I. , Bode Julia , Poplawski Alicia , Watzka Felix , Pohlenz Joachim , Lang Hauke , Musholt Thomas J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Thyroid nodules in the pediatric population are more frequently associated with malignant thyroid disease than in adult cohorts. Yet, there is a potential risk of surgical overtreatment. With this single center study, an analysis of potential overtreatment for suspected malignant thyroid disease in children and young adults was aimed for.

Methods
In a period from 2005 to 2018, 155 thyroid operations in children and young adults performed at the University Medical Center Mainz, Germany, were analyzed (patient age 3–20 years, 117 female). Cases were categorized for preoperative diagnosis: non-malignant (group I, n = 45) and malignant thyroid disease (group II, n = 110). Postoperative parameters (histology, complication rates) were assessed and compared between groups.

Results
91.1% of group I were histologically benign. 44.5% of group II harbored malignancy. Permanent hypoparathyroidism was documented in group I (2.7%) and in group II (1.4%, p = 1.000). Wound infections were absent in group I but observed in group II (0.9%, p = 1.000). Transient vocal cord palsy was recorded only in group I (2.3%, 2/85 vs. 0/177 nerves at risk, p = 0.104). Permanent vocal cord palsies were absent.

Conclusion
Preoperative diagnoses were correct in over 90% of group I and in nearly 45% of group II. The high proportion of carcinomas in group II ruled out the issue of potential overtreatment. The risk of severe postoperative complications was equally low in both patient groups.
Improved adaptation to physical stress in mice overexpressing SUR2A is associated with changes in the pattern of Q-T interval
Authors: Sudhir Rajni , Du Qingyou , Sukhodub Andriy , Jovanović Sofija , Jovanović Aleksandar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether increased expression of SUR2A, a regulatory subunit of sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, improves adaptation to physical stress and regulates cardiac electrophysiology in physical stress. All experiments have been done on transgenic mice in which SUR2A expression was controlled by cytomegalovirus immediate-early (CMV) promoter (SUR2A) and their littermate wild-type controls (WT). The levels of mRNA in heart tissue were measured by real-time RT-PCR. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was monitored with telemetry. The physical adaptation to stress was elucidated using treadmill. We have found that SUR2A mice express 8.34 ± 0.20 times more myocardial SUR2A mRNA than WT (n = 8–18). The tolerated workload on exercise stress test was more than twofold higher in SUR2A than in WT (n = 5–7; P = 0.01). The pattern of Q-T interval from the beginning of the exercise test until drop point was as follows in the wild type: (1) increase in Q-T interval, (2) decrease in Q-T interval, (3) steady stage with a further decrease in Q-T interval, and (4) a sharp increase in Q-T interval. The pattern of Q-T interval was different in transgenic mice and the following stages have been observed: (1) increase in Q-T interval, (2) decrease in Q-T interval, and (3) prolonged steady-state stage with a slight decrease in Q-T interval. In SUR2A mice, no stage 4 (a sharp increase in Q-T interval) was observed. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that an increase in the expression of SUR2A improves adaptation to physical stress and physical endurance by increasing the number of sarcolemmal KATP channels and, by virtue of their channel activity, improving Ca2+ homeostasis in the heart.
Integration der Ladeinfrastruktur in das elektrische Energiesystem
Authors: Fasthuber Dominik 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDer stetige Zuwachs von Ladeinfrastruktur für die Elektromobilität stellt die Verteilnetzbetreiber vor neue Herausforderungen. Vor allem im Zusammenspiel mit leistungsstarken Verbrauchern und Erzeugern (Wärmepumpen, Photovoltaik etc.) kann es zu erheblichen Mehrbelastungen im Netz kommen, welche dieses an dessen Betriebsgrenzen führen kann.Aus dieser Motivation heraus soll diese Arbeit das grundlegende Verständnis für die Problematik der Integration von Ladeinfrastruktur in das elektrische Energiesystem erörtern. Dabei wird das prinzipielle Verhalten von Elektrofahrzeugen beim Ladevorgang aus Sicht des Netzes erarbeitet und eine mathematische Modellierung für die Analysen in zeitreihenbasierten Lastflussprogrammen vorgestellt. Zusätzlich werden die beeinflussenden Parameter des Ladevorganges diskutiert. Neben der Standortwahl ist die zu erwartende maximale Ladeleistung der Elektrofahrzeuge das entscheidende Kriterium für die Netzplanung. Eine Aufarbeitung dieser beiden Punkte zeigt, welche Erkenntnisse daraus für die Netzplanung abgeleitet werden können.Abschließend wird ein Ausblick über weitergehende Herausforderungen zur allgemeinen Thematik der Integration von Elektrofahrzeugen im Verteilnetz für die nächsten Jahre gegeben. Einige Handlungsempfehlungen für eine erfolgreiche hochskalierte Integration von Ladeinfrastruktur schließen letztlich die Abhandlung.
Cranial facet joint injuries in percutaneous lumbar pedicle screw placement: a matched-pair analysis comparing intraoperative 3D navigation and conventional fluoroscopy
Authors: Hohenhaus Marc , Watzlawick Ralf , Masalha Waseem , Volz Florian , Scholz Christoph , Hubbe Ulrich , Klingler Jan-Helge 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThe violation of the cranial adjacent facet is a frequent complication in lumbar instrumentations and can induce local pain and adjacent segment disease. Minimally invasive screw implantation is often stated as risk factor in comparison with open approaches. Percutaneous pedicle screw placement (PPSP) can be performed using single X-ray images (fluoroscopy) or intraoperative 3D navigation. The study compares top-level screws in percutaneous lumbar instrumentations regarding facet violations and screw pedicle position using navigation or fluoroscopy.MethodsPatients after lumbar PPSP were retrospectively separated according to the intraoperative technique: navigation (NAV) or fluoroscopy (FLUORO). Two blinded investigators graded the top-level screws regarding facet violations and pedicle breach in postoperative CT scans. Subsequent matched cohort analysis was performed for comparable groups.ResultsEvaluating 768 screws, we assessed 70 (9.1%) facet violations. Overall, 186 (24.2%) screws were implanted using navigation. There was no significant difference in the rate of facet violations between both imaging groups (NAV 19/186, 10.2%, FLUORO 51/582, 8.8%,p = 0.55). Totally, 728 (94.8%) of all screws showed a correct pedicle position. Most of the 40 unfavorable pedicle positions were placed by fluoroscopy (NAV 4/186, 2.2%, FLUORO 36/582, 6.6%,p = 0.03). The matched cohorts verified these results (facet violations: NAV 19/186, 10.2%, FLUORO 18/186, 9.7%,p = 0.55; pedicle penetrations: NAV 4/186, 2.2%, FLUORO 12/186, 6.9%,p = 0.04).ConclusionsBoth intraoperative imaging techniques allow lumbar PPSP with low rates of cranial facet violations if the surgeon intends to preserve facet integrity. Navigation was superior concerning accurate pedicle screw position, but could not significantly prevent facet violations.
Completion of the sequence of the Aspergillus fumigatus partitivirus 1 genome
Authors: Filippou Charalampos , Coutts Robert H. A. , Stevens David A. , Sabino Raquel , Kotta-Loizou Ioly 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA Portuguese isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus was found to contain three double-stranded (ds) RNA elements ranging in size from 1.1 to 1.8 kbp and comprising the genome of a strain of Aspergillus fumigatus partitivirus 1 (AfuPV-1) previously thought to contain only the two largest dsRNA elements. The sequence of the smallest dsRNA element is described here, completing the sequence of the AfuPV-1 genome. Sequence analysis of the element revealed an open reading frame encoding a protein of unknown function similar in size and distantly related to elements previously identified in other members of the family Partitiviridae.