bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When is a Reminder Enough? Text Message Voter Mobilization in a European Context
Authors: Bergh Johannes , Christensen Dag Arne , Matland Richard E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSending text messages reminding people to vote has only been examined as a mobilization tool in three studies, two of them done in the United States. The results from these studies are mixed. We investigate this tool’s effectiveness using a field experiment in a different context, municipal elections in Norway. We find strong mobilization effects among groups traditionally low in participation (immigrants and youth voters). Young native Norwegians show an intent-to-treat (ITT) effect of 4.58% points, foreign nationals who have recently established Norwegian residency show an ITT effect of 2.93% points, and among immigrants who have lived in Norway for 7 years or more the treatment effect is 2.7% points. Even among native Norwegian voters over 30, with a baseline turnout of 73%, text messages generate a 0.96% points increase in turnout.
A comparative evaluation of the generalised predictive ability of eight machine learning algorithms across ten clinical metabolomics data sets for binary classification
Authors: Mendez Kevin M. , Reinke Stacey N. , Broadhurst David I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionMetabolomics is increasingly being used in the clinical setting for disease diagnosis, prognosis and risk prediction. Machine learning algorithms are particularly important in the construction of multivariate metabolite prediction. Historically, partial least squares (PLS) regression has been the gold standard for binary classification. Nonlinear machine learning methods such as random forests (RF), kernel support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) may be more suited to modelling possible nonlinear metabolite covariance, and thus provide better predictive models.ObjectivesWe hypothesise that for binary classification using metabolomics data, non-linear machine learning methods will provide superior generalised predictive ability when compared to linear alternatives, in particular when compared with the current gold standard PLS discriminant analysis.MethodsWe compared the general predictive performance of eight archetypal machine learning algorithms across ten publicly available clinical metabolomics data sets. The algorithms were implemented in the Python programming language. All code and results have been made publicly available as Jupyter notebooks.ResultsThere was only marginal improvement in predictive ability for SVM and ANN over PLS across all data sets. RF performance was comparatively poor. The use of out-of-bag bootstrap confidence intervals provided a measure of uncertainty of model prediction such that the quality of metabolomics data was observed to be a bigger influence on generalised performance than model choice.ConclusionThe size of the data set, and choice of performance metric, had a greater influence on generalised predictive performance than the choice of machine learning algorithm.
Sparse classification with paired covariates
Authors: Rauschenberger Armin , Ciocănea-Teodorescu Iuliana , Jonker Marianne A. , Menezes Renée X. , van de Wiel Mark A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces the paired lasso: a generalisation of the lasso for paired covariate settings. Our aim is to predict a single response from two high-dimensional covariate sets. We assume a one-to-one correspondence between the covariate sets, with each covariate in one set forming a pair with a covariate in the other set. Paired covariates arise, for example, when two transformations of the same data are available. It is often unknown which of the two covariate sets leads to better predictions, or whether the two covariate sets complement each other. The paired lasso addresses this problem by weighting the covariates to improve the selection from the covariate sets and the covariate pairs. It thereby combines information from both covariate sets and accounts for the paired structure. We tested the paired lasso on more than 2000 classification problems with experimental genomics data, and found that for estimating sparse but predictive models, the paired lasso outperforms the standard and the adaptive lasso. The R package is available fromcran.
Roux-en-Y-Bariatric Surgery Reduces Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: Rega-Kaun G. , Kaun C. , Jaegersberger G. , Prager M. , Hackl M. , Demyanets S. , Wojta J. , Hohensinner P. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Obesity is closely linked to increased markers of metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes. Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery reduces hyperinsulinemia and improves insulin sensitivity and hence benefits morbidly obese patients.

Aim
To determine changes in markers of metabolic syndrome, pancreatic function, and hepatic insulin sensitivity in patients before and 1 year after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Methods
We enrolled 43 consecutive patients in a single center. Markers for metabolic syndrome included proinsulin, insulin, C-peptide, liver enzymes, and serum levels of selected microRNAs hsa-miR-122, hsa-miR-130, hsa-miR-132, and hsa-miR-375.

Results
After surgery, all patients showed a significant 37% drop of body mass index (p < 0.001). Furthermore, proinsulin (59% reduction, p < 0.001), insulin (76% reduction, p < 0.001), and C-peptide (56% reduction, p < 0.001) were all reduced 1 year after surgery. Using the hepatic insulin clearance score, we determined a significant increase in hepatic insulin clearance after surgery (76% increase, p < 0.001). Especially diabetic patients showed a marked 2.1-fold increase after surgery. Hepatic enzymes ALT (35% reduction, p = 0.002) and γGT (48% reduction, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced in all patients with similar improvement in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. miRNAs hsa-miR-122, hsa-miR-130, and hsa-miR-132 were all significantly reduced whereas hsa-miR-375 was increased after gastric bypass surgery (p < 0.001 for all miRNAs).

Conclusion
Both liver and pancreatic stress parameters were reduced significantly 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery suggesting an overall amelioration of the metabolic syndrome in all patients regardless of previous health status.
The Talmudic Logic Project, Ongoing Since 2008
Authors: Gabbay Dov M. , Schild Uri , David Esther 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe describe the state of the Talmudic Logic project as of end of 2019. The Talmud is the most comprehensive and fundamental work of Jewish religious law, employing a large number of logical components centuries ahead of their time. In many cases the basic principles are not explicitly formulated, which makes it difficult to formalize and make available to the modern student of Logic. This project on Talmudic Logic, aims to present logical analysis of Talmudic reasoning using modern logical tools. We investigate principles of Talmudic Logic and publish a series of books, one book or more for each principle.http://www.collegepublications.co.uk/stl/The series begins with the systematic analysis of Talmudic inference rules. The first book shows that we can present Talmudic reasoning intuitions as a systematic logical system basic to modern non-deductive reasoning, such as Argumentum A Fortiori, Abduction and Analogy. The second book offers a systematic common sense method for intuitively defining sets and claims that this method adequately models the Talmudic use of the rules Klal uPrat. These books also criticize modern Talmudic research methodology. Later books deal with additional topics like Deontic logic, and Temporal logic, Agency and processes in the Talmud and more. The aims of the project are two fold:To import into the Talmudic study modern logical methods with a view to help understand complicated Talmudic passages, which otherwise cannot be addressed.To export from the Talmud new logical principles which are innovative and useful to modern contemporary logic.
Extravert individualists or introvert collectivists? Personality traits and individualism and collectivism in students in Poland and Ukraine
Authors: Tychmanowicz Anna , Filipiak Sara , Sprynska Zoriana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this research was to analyse the connections between personality traits and horizontal and vertical forms of individualism and collectivism, regarded as social orientations, in two national groups of students. The analyses were conducted in the context of psychosocial functioning in the academic environment. A total of 210 students were examined including 109 of Polish nationality and 101 of Ukrainian nationality. Despite the historical and geographical proximity of both countries, we predicted that different relationships between variables will occur in the two samples of students. The following tests were used: the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and the Vertical- Horizontal Individualism-Collectivism Scale (KIRH) in Polish and Ukrainian versions. The results indicated that Polish students had significantly higher horizontal orientation, both in individualism and collectivism, compared to their Ukrainian colleagues. Polish students were also more agreeable and open to experience than Ukrainian students. There were significantly different patterns of correlations between the analysed variables in the two national groups. The obtained z-statistics revealed differences between groups in correlations between the vertical form of both individualism and collectivism and such personality traits as extraversion, emotional stability, and openness to experience. There was also a significant difference between the relationships of horizontal individualism and agreeableness in two compared groups. Regression analyses indicated various significant predictors of social orientations in the two groups.
Analytics for directed contact networks
Authors: Cybenko George , Huntsman Steve 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDirected contact networks (DCNs) are temporal networks that are useful for analyzing and modeling phenomena in transportation, communications, epidemiology and social networking. Specific sequences of contacts can underlie higher-level behaviors such as flows that aggregate contacts based on some notion of semantic and temporal proximity. We describe a simple inhomogeneous Markov model to infer flows and taint bounds associated with such higher-level behaviors, and also discuss how to aggregate contacts within DCNs and/or dynamically cluster their vertices. We provide examples of these constructions in the contexts of information transfers within computer and air transportation networks, thereby indicating how they can be used for data reduction and anomaly detection.
A bronchoscopy-associated pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium mucogenicum traced to use of contaminated ice used for bronchoalveolar lavage
Authors: Bringhurst Judie , Weber David J. , Miller Melissa B. , Jones Melissa C. , Rivera M. Patricia , Akulian Jason , Rutala William A. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClonal Mycobacterium mucogenicum isolates (determined by molecular typing) were recovered from 19 bronchoscopic specimens from 15 patients. None of these patients had evidence of mycobacterial infection. Laboratory culture materials and bronchoscopes were negative for Mycobacteria. This pseudo-outbreak was caused by contaminated ice used to provide bronchoscopic lavage. Control was achieved by transitioning to sterile ice.
A qualitative study exploring cues and other motivators among a racially diverse sample of light and intermittent smokers
Authors: Fish Laura J. , Oliver Jason A. , Noonan Devon , Davis James M. , Pollak Kathryn I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionLight and intermittent smokers (LITS) represent almost 50% of all current smokers. Research is needed to understand smoking motives among adult light smokers.AimsTo explore smoking cues and motivators among a racially diverse sample of adult LITS (≤10 CPD). In addition, we explored differences between native (always smoked ≤10), and converted (former heavier) LITS.MethodsWe used purposive sampling to recruit participants who were native and converted LITS and to include equal numbers of African Americans, Whites and Latinos. We coded and analyzed transcripts using a stage approach to identify themes.ResultsFour main themes emerged that may be unique to light smokers and suggests potential strategies for intervention: (1) smoking in response to cues and control, (2) identifying as a smoker, (3) concern about health consequences, and (4) other priorities influencing smoking. There were some differences among smoking cues and motivators by race and ethnicity, and differences between native and converted LITS.ConclusionsOverall, LITS reported drivers of smoking that were unrelated to symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. Even when experiencing salient cues, our LITS cohort expressed the ability to assert control over smoking by abstaining when situational contexts made smoking inconvenient.
THE NEGLIGENCE LIABILITY OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES FOR OMISSIONS
Authors: Cornford Tom 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article I address the question of whether the omissions principle – the principle that the common law does not impose liability for omissions – applies with the same force in negligence cases involving public authority defendants as in cases involving private defendants. My argument is that the answer depends upon the answer to a prior question: can a duty of care be based upon the public law powers and duties of a public authority? In making my argument, I refute the views both of those who insist that a claim in negligence against a public authority can be rejected purely because it relates to an omission not falling within one of the standard exceptions to the omissions principle and of those who insist that such a claim can succeed while at the same denying that a duty of care can be based on a public authority's public law powers and duties.
Inconsistent change in surface hydrography of the eastern Arabian Sea during the last four glacial–interglacial intervals
Authors: Saraswat Rajeev , Kurtarkar S. R. , Yadav R. , Mackensen A. , Singh D. P. , Bhadra S. , Singh A. D. , Tiwari M. , Prabhukeluskar S. P. , Bandodkar S. R. , Pandey D. K. , Clift P. D. , Kulhanek D. K. , Bhishekar K. , Nair S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe eastern Arabian Sea is influenced by both the advection of upwelled water from the western Arabian Sea and winter convective mixing. Therefore, sediments collected from the eastern Arabian Sea can help to understand the long-term seasonal hydrographic changes. We used the planktonic foraminifera census and stable isotopic ratio (δ18O) from sediments drilled during the International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 355 to reconstruct surface hydrographic changes in the eastern Arabian Sea during the last 350 kyr. The increased abundance of Globigerina bulloides suggests enhanced advection of upwelled water during the latter half of MIS7 and the beginning of MIS6, as a result of a strengthened summer monsoon. A large drop in upwelling and/or advection of upwelled water from the western Arabian Sea is inferred during the subsequent interval of MIS6, based on the rare presence of G. bulloides. The comparable relative abundance of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, G. bulloides and Globigerinoides ruber suggests that during the early part of MIS5, hydrographic conditions were similar to today. The upwelling decreased and winter convection increased with the progress of the glacial interval. A good coherence between planktonic foraminiferal assemblage-based monsoon stacks from both the eastern and western Arabian Sea suggests a coeval response of the entire northern Arabian Sea to the glacial–interglacial changes. The glacial–interglacial difference in δ18Osw-ivc was at a maximum with 4–5 psu change in salinity during Termination 2 and 3, and a minimum during Termination 4. The significantly reduced regional contribution to the glacial–interglacial change in δ18Osw-ivc during Termination 4 suggests a lesser change in the monsoon.
Inscribing Siam: The state of documentary and spatial practices
Authors: SUWANNAKIJ SING , IVARSSON SØREN 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe administrative (Chakri) reforms in Siam which took place around the turn of the twentieth century are probably one of the most studied topics in the history of Thailand. This period is usually described as the time when the royal elite worked to create a Siamese nation-state under the guidance of the absolute monarchy. This transformation encompassed both territorial integration and administrative centralization. Here we offer a new perspective on this transformative period through an analysis of changing documentary and spatial practices in Siam from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth centuries, which were one of the most crucial, intrinsic dynamics of state formation. The emphasis is on the mundane practices of documentation—among other spatial-material practices and processes—that produce the effect that the state exists. We show how this new paper regime articulated a standardization of written official documents, the birth of the file as a technology to deal with the avalanche of documents circulating between sections of the burgeoning administration, and the spatial organization that created the office—fields where officials produced and stored documents according to specific regulations. We exemplify this new regime of documentary practices in Bangkok and beyond, with special reference to the paper and spatial works of the provincial gendarmerie.
The evolution of resistance and tolerance as cancer defences
Authors: Thomas Frédéric , Giraudeau Mathieu , Gouzerh Flora , Boutry Justine , Renaud François , Pujol Pascal , Tasiemski Aurélie , Bernex Florence , Maraver Antonio , Bousquet Emilie , Dormont Laurent , Osterkamp Jens , Roche Benjamin , Hamede Rodrigo , Ujvari Beata 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough there is a plethora of cancer associated-factors that can ultimately culminate in death (cachexia, organ impairment, metastases, opportunistic infections, etc.), the focal element of every terminal malignancy is the failure of our natural defences to control unlimited cell proliferation. The reasons why our defences apparently lack efficiency is a complex question, potentially indicating that, under Darwinian terms, solutions other than preventing cancer progression are also important contributors. In analogy with host-parasite systems, we propose to call this latter option ‘tolerance’ to cancer. Here, we argue that the ubiquity of oncogenic processes among metazoans is at least partially attributable to both the limitations of resistance mechanisms and to the evolution of tolerance to cancer. Deciphering the ecological contexts of alternative responses to the cancer burden is not a semantic question, but rather a focal point in understanding the evolutionary ecology of host-tumour relationships, the evolution of our defences, as well as why and when certain cancers are likely to be detrimental for survival.
Trypanosoma cruzi: cell surface dynamics in trypomastigotes of different strains
Authors: Ferreira Cura das Neves Roberta , Marques Adade Camila , Silva Fernandes Anne Cristine , Hampshire Lopes Angela , Souto-Padrón Thaïs 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCapping and shedding of ectodomains inTrypanosoma cruzimay be triggered by different ligands. Here, we analysed the mobility and shedding of cell surface components of living trypomastigotes of the Y strain and the CL Brener clone in the presence of poly-L-lysine, cationized ferritin (CF) and Concanavalin A (Con A). Poly-L-lysine and CF caused intense shedding in Y strain parasites. Shedding was less intense in CL Brener trypomastigotes, and approximately 10% of these parasites did not show any decrease in poly L-lysine or CF labelling. Binding of Con A induced low-intensity shedding in Y strain and redistribution of Con A-binding sites in CL Brener parasites. Trypomastigotes of the Y strain showed intense labelling with anti-〈-galactosyl antibodies, resulting in the lysis of approximately 30% of their population, in contrast with what was observed in CL Brener parasites. Incubation with Con A and CF protected trypomastigotes of the Y strain from lysis by anti-αGal. The last treatment did not interfere with the survival of the CL Brener parasites. This study corroborates with the idea that a ligand can differentially modulate the cell surface ofT. cruzi, depending on the strain used, resulting in variable immune system responses and recognition by host cells.
Picturing ELSI+: a visual representation of ethical, legal, and social issues, and patient experiences in Health Technology Assessment in Canada
Authors: Krahn Murray D. , Bielecki Joanna M. , Bremner Karen E. , de Oliveira Claire , Almeida Nisha , Clement Fiona , Lorenzetti Diane L. , O'Campo Patricia , Pechlivanoglou Petros , Tricco Andrea C. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesConsideration of ethical, legal, and social issues plus patient values (ELSI+) in health technology assessment (HTA) is challenging because of a lack of conceptual clarity and the multi-disciplinary nature of ELSI+. We used concept mapping to identify key concepts and inter-relationships in the ELSI+ domain and provide a conceptual framework for consideration of ELSI+ in HTA.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review (Medline and EMBASE, 2000–2016) to identify ELSI+ issues in the HTA literature. Items from the scoping review and an expert brainstorming session were consolidated into eighty ELSI+-related statements, which were entered into Concept Systems® Global MAX™ software. Participants (N = 38; 36 percent worked as researchers, 21 percent as academics; 42 percent self-identified as HTA experts) sorted the statements into thematic groups, and rated them on importance in making decisions about adopting technologies in Canada, from 1 (not at all important) to 5 (extremely important). We used Concept Systems® Global MAX™ software to create and analyze concept maps with four to sixteen clusters.ResultsOur final ELSI+ map consisted of five clusters, with each cluster representing a different concept and the statements within each cluster representing the same concept. Based on the concepts, we named these clusters: patient preferences/experiences, patient quality of life/function, patient burden/harm, fairness, and organizational. The highest mean importance ratings were for the statements in the patient burden/harm (3.82) and organizational (3.92) clusters.ConclusionsThis study suggests an alternative approach to ELSI+, based on conceptual coherence rather than academic disciplines. This will provide a foundation for incorporating ELSI+ into HTA.