bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new prognostic score for disease progression and mortality in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma
Authors: Liu Chia‐Jen , Lin Shinn‐Yn , Yang Ching‐Fen , Yeh Chiu‐Mei , Kuan Ai‐Seon , Wang Hao‐Yuan , Tsai Chun‐Kuang , Gau Jyh‐Pyng , Hsiao Liang‐Tsai , Chen Po‐Min , Liu Yao‐Chung , Hong Ying‐Chung , Ko Po‐Shen , Liu Jin‐Hwang , Lin Chia‐Hsin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough various prognostic models for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) have been developed, there is no consensus regarding the optimal prognostic index. We aimed to evaluate potential prognostic factors and construct a novel predictive model for PCNSL patients.MethodsWe enrolled newly diagnosed PCNSL patients between 2003 and 2015. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The prognostic factors identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to develop a predictive model. We subsequently validated the prognostic model in an independent cohort. We also evaluated the validity of the existing scores: the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG), the Nottingham/Barcelona (NB), and the Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center models (MSKCC).ResultsWe identified 101 patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL at our center. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥80, deep brain lesions, and ECOG ≥2 were independent risk factors of PFS. Assigning one point for each factor, we constructed a novel prognostic model, the Taipei Score, with four distinct risk groups (0‐3 points). The performances of the Taipei Score in discriminating both PFS and OS in the training cohort were significant, and the score was validated in the external validation cohort. The IELSG, NB and MSKCC models had insufficient discriminative ability for either PFS or OS in both cohorts.ConclusionThe Taipei Score is a simple model that discriminates PFS and OS for PCNSL patients. The score may offer disease risk stratification and facilitate clinical decision‐making.
Paving the Way for Practical Use of Sugar‐Binding Natural Products as Lectin Mimics in Glycobiological Research
Authors: Nakagawa Yu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPradimicins (PRMs) constitute an exceptional class of natural products that show Ca2+‐dependent recognition of d‐mannose (Man). In addition to therapeutic uses as antifungal drugs, the application of PRMs as lectin mimics for glycobiological research has been attracting considerable interest, since the emerging biological roles of Man‐containing glycans have been highlighted. However, only a few attempts have been made to use PRMs for glycobiological purposes. The limited use of PRMs is primarily due to the early assumption that the readily modifiable carboxyl group of PRMs is involved in Ca2+ binding, and thus, not available to prepare research tools. Recently, this assumption has been disproved by structural elucidation of the Ca2+ complex of PRMs, which paves the way for designing carboxyl group modified derivatives of PRMs for research use. This article outlines studies related to Ca2+‐mediated Man binding of PRMs and discusses their application for glycobiology.
Hydroconversion of Perhydrophenanthrene over Bifunctional Pt/H‐USY Zeolite Catalyst
Authors: Brito Larissa , Pirngruber Gerhard D. , Guillon Emmanuelle , Albrieux Florian , Martens Johan A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn petroleum refining, middle distillates are produced via hydroisomerization/hydrocracking processes using bifunctional catalysts often containing ultrastable Y (USY) zeolite. Petroleum fractions serving as feedstock for hydrocracking processes contain a majority of (poly)cyclic hydrocarbon molecules. Few studies on reaction mechanisms of hydrocracking of such polycyclic compounds are available. In this study the tricyclic phenanthrene molecule was used as model compound. Phenanthrene was hydrogenated on a Pt/alumina pre‐catalyst to perhydrophenanthrene, and subsequently hydrocracked over Pt/H‐USY zeolite. The feed consisted of 3 wt.% phenanthrene dissolved in n‐heptane. The reaction was performed at 280 °C and 60 bar, with a molar H2 to total hydrocarbon ratio of 7 mol/mol. The reaction products were analyzed using GCxGC‐FID/MS. This detailed analysis enabled identification of the reaction scheme involving skeletal isomerization, ring opening and fragmentation. New mechanistic insight is gained on relative reactivities of bridged and non‐bridged tricyclic naphthenes. Preferential hydrocracking routes were identified. The study provides insight in the products to be expected from polycyclic hydrocarbon isomerization and hydrocracking.
Approaching Dissolved Species in Ammonoacidic GaN Crystal Growth: A Combined Solution NMR and Computational Study
Authors: Becker Peter , Wonglakhon Tanakorn , Zahn Dirk , Gudat Dietrich , Niewa Rainer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSolutions of gallium trihalides GaX3 (X=F, Cl, Br, I) and their ammoniates in liquid ammonia were studied at ambient temperature under autogenous pressure by multinuclear (71Ga, 35Cl, 81Br) NMR spectroscopy. To unravel the role of pH, the analyses were done both in absence and in presence of ammonium halides, which are employed as mineralizers during ammonoacidic gallium nitride crystal growth. While gallium trifluoride and its ammoniate were found to be too sparingly soluble to give rise to a NMR signal, the spectra of solutions of the heavier halides reveal the presence of a single gallium‐containing species in all cases. DFT calculations and molecular dynamics simulations suggest the identification of this species as consisting of a [Ga(NH3)6]3+ cation and up to six surrounding halide anions, resulting in an overall trend towards negative complex charge. Quantitative 71Ga NMR studies on saturated solutions of GaCl3 containing various amounts of additional NH4Cl revealed a near linear increase of GaCl3 solubility with mineralizer concentration of about 0.023 mol GaCl3 per mol NH4Cl at room temperature. These findings reflect the importance of Coulombic shielding for the inhibition of oligomerization and precipitation processes and help to rationalize both the low solubility of gallium halides in neutral ammonia solution and, in turn, the proliferating effect of the mineralizer during ammonoacidic gallium nitride formation.
Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction under Visible‐Light Irradiation by Ruthenium CNC Pincer Complexes
Authors: Arikawa Yasuhiro , Tabata Itoe , Miura Yukari , Tajiri Hiroki , Seto Yudai , Horiuchi Shinnosuke , Sakuda Eri , Umakoshi Keisuke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction using a ruthenium photosensitizer, a sacrificial reagent 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐(o‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole (BI(OH)H), and a ruthenium catalyst were carried out. The catalysts contain a pincer ligand, 2,6‐bis(alkylimidazol‐2‐ylidene)pyridine (CNC) and a bipyridine (bpy). The photocatalytic reaction system resulted in HCOOH as a main product (selectivity 70–80 %), with a small amount of CO, and H2. Comparative experiments (a coordinated ligand (NCMe vs. CO) and substituents (tBu vs. Me) of the CNC ligand in the catalyst) were performed. The turnover number (TONHCOOH) of carbonyl‐ligated catalysts are higher than those of acetonitrile‐ligated catalysts, and the carbonyl catalyst with the smaller substituents (Me) reached TONHCOOH=5634 (24 h), which is the best performance among the experiments.
Untersuchung des dynamischen Prozessverhaltens bei Betriebsstörungen im Bereich der chemischen Absorption
Authors: Bothe Mike , Fedorov Alexander , Frei Herrmann , Lutters Nicole , Kenig Eugeny Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDie Kenntnis des dynamischen Prozessverhaltens im Bereich der chemischen Absorption ist für die Vermeidung von Stör‐ und Notfallsituationen unerlässlich. Daher wurde in dieser Arbeit ein Rate‐based‐Modell zur dynamischen Simulation entwickelt und validiert. Als Beispiel wurde die reaktive Absorption von Kohlenstoffdioxid mit wässriger Monoethanolaminlösung modelliert. Anschließend wurden mit diesem Modell Sprungantworten für Änderungen einzelner Eintrittsgrößen in einer Absorptionskolonne im industriellen Maßstab simuliert. Mithilfe dieser Sprungantworten können schnelle vereinfachte Modelle entwickelt werden, die zur Vorbeugung von Störfällen in Echtzeit verwendet werden können.
Modellierung der Oberflächenstruktur von Nadelfilz‐Filtermedien zur Simulation der kuchenbildenden Staubfiltration
Authors: Zhang Qian , Horst David , Schmidt Eberhard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDie charakteristischen, filtrationsrelevanten Merkmale der Oberfläche von verschiedenen Nadelfilz‐Filtermedien werden mit einigen neu eingeführten Kenngrößen quantitativ beschrieben. Diese Kenngrößen ermöglichen eine günstige Konstruktion von Filtermedienmodellen, die als Ersatz der realen Filtermediengeometrie für Simulationsrechnungen bezüglich des Staubkuchenaufbaus verwendet werden. Vielfältige Filtermedienmodelle können durch Variation dieser Kenngrößen erzeugt werden, was eine systematische Studie über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Oberflächenstruktur eines Nadelfilz‐Filtermediums und dessen Betriebsverhalten ermöglicht.
Comparative analysis of taxol‐derived fluorescent probes to assess microtubule networks in a complex live three‐dimensional tissue
Authors: Logan Gregory , McCartney Brooke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDrosophila oogenesis is an excellent in vivo model for investigating cytoskeletal dynamics because of the rapid cytoskeletal remodeling that occurs at the end of stage 10; however, there are few robust tools for detecting microtubules in live complex tissues. The recent development of membrane permeable taxol‐based fluorescent probes to label microtubules is significant technical progress, but the effectiveness of these probes and the potential stabilizing effects of the taxol derivative have not been well characterized in vivo. Here, we compared three commercially available taxol‐derived microtubule labels to determine their efficacy and potential artifacts. We found that all three probes labeled microtubules with differences in permeability, brightness, and signal to noise ratio. Like taxol, however, all of the probes disrupted the F‐actin cytoskeleton at higher concentrations. We also found that the efflux pump inhibitor, verapamil, increased the intensity of the label and modestly increased the severity of the F‐actin defects. Of the three probes, Tubulin Tracker (ThermoScientific) was the most permeable and was brightest, with the highest signal to noise ratio. Furthermore, washing out the probe after a 30‐min incubation significantly reduced the F‐actin artifacts without compromising signal brightness.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Preliminary Evaluation of 2‐(1,2,3‐Triazoyl)benzaldehydes As Multifunctional Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Costa Gabriel P. , Baldinotti Rodolfo S. M. , Fronza Mariana G. , Nascimento José Edmilson R. , Dias Ítalo F. C. , Sonego Mariana Souza , Seixas Fabiana Kömmling , Collares Tiago , Perin Gelson , Jacob Raquel G. , Savegnago Lucielli , Alves Diego 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe described here our results on the use of thiourea as a ligand in the copper catalysed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of 2‐azidobenzaldehyde with alkynes. Reactions were performed reacting 2‐azidobenzaldehyde with a range of terminal alkynes using 10 mol % of copper iodide as a catalyst, 20 mol % of thiourea as a ligand, triethylamine as base, DMSO as solvent at 100 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The corresponding 2‐(1H‐1,2,3‐triazoyl)‐benzaldehydes (2‐TBH) were obtained in moderated to excellent yields and according our experiments, the use of thiourea decreases the formation of side products. The obtained compounds were screened for their binding affinity with multiple therapeutic targets of AD by molecular docking: β‐secretase (BACE), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK‐3β) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The three compounds with highest affinity, 5 a (2‐(4‐phenyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzaldehyde), 5 b (2‐(4‐(p‐tolyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzaldehyde), and 5 d (2‐(4‐(4‐(tert‐butyl)phenyl)‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)benzaldehyde) were selected and evaluated on its antioxidant effect, in view of select the most promising one to perform the in vivo validation. Due the antioxidant potential ally to the affinity with BACE, GSK‐3β and AChE, compound 5 b was evaluated in a mouse model of AD induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Our results indicate that 5 b (1 mg/kg) treatment during 20 days is able to reverse the cognitive and memory impairment induced by STZ trough the modulation of AChE activity, amyloid cascade and GSK‐3β expression.
Germline alterations in patients with biliary tract cancers: A spectrum of significant and previously underappreciated findings
Authors: Maynard Hannah , Stadler Zsofia K. , Berger Michael F. , Solit David B. , Ly Michele , Lowery Maeve A. , Mandelker Diana , Zhang Liying , Jordan Emmett , El Dika Imane , Kemel Yelena , Ladanyi Marc , Robson Mark E. , O’Reilly Eileen M. , Abou‐Alfa Ghassan K. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundWith limited information on germline mutations in biliary tract cancers, this study performed somatic and germline testing for patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center with known biliary tract carcinoma with the aim of determining the frequency and range of pathogenic germline alterations (PGAs).MethodsPatients with biliary tract carcinoma were consented for somatic tumor and matched blood testing of up to 468 genes via the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets next‐generation sequencing platform. A germline variant analysis was performed on a panel of up to 88 genes associated with an increased predisposition for cancer. Demographic and diagnostic details were collected.ResultsGermline mutations were tested in 131 patients. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was the most common cancer (63.4%), and it was followed by gallbladder adenocarcinoma (16.8%), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (16%), and otherwise unspecified biliary tract cancer (3.8%). Known and likely PGAs were present in 21 patients (16.0%), with 9.9% harboring a PGA in a high/moderate‐penetrance cancer predisposition gene. Among high‐penetrance cancer susceptibility genes, PGAs were most commonly observed in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (33.3%), which made up 5.3% of the entire cohort, and they were followed by PALB2, BAP1, and PMS2. Mutations in ATM, MITF, and NBN, moderate‐penetrance cancer susceptibility genes, were identified in 1 patient each. There was no observed difference in the types of mutations among the subtypes of biliary tract cancer.ConclusionsThe frequency of PGAs found was comparable to existing data on the prevalence of germline mutations in other solid tumor types with matched tumor analysis. This provides support for the role of the BRCA1/2, ATM, and BAP1 genes in biliary tract cancer susceptibility.
Gas‐Phase Conformational Map of the Amino Acid Isovaline
Authors: Neeman E. M. , León I. , Alonso E. R. , Mata S. , Alonso J. L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFour conformers of the non‐proteinogenic α‐amino acid isovaline, vaporized by laser ablation, are characterized by Fourier‐transform microwave techniques in a supersonic expansion. The comparison between the experimental rotational and 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants and the ab initio calculated ones provides conclusive evidence for the identification of the conformers. The most stable species is stabilized by an N−H⋅⋅⋅O =C intramolecular hydrogen bond and a cis‐COOH interaction, whereas the higher‐energy conformers exhibit an N⋅⋅⋅H−O intramolecular hydrogen bond and trans‐COOH, as in other aliphatic amino acids. The spectroscopic data herein reported can be used for the astrophysical purpose in a possible detection of isovaline in space.
Studying Structural and Optical Properties of TiO2–SnO2 Core–Shell Synthesized by Sol–Gel Route
Authors: Bitaraf Mehrnaz , Ghazi Mohammad E. , Izadifard Morteza 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein, the TiO2–SnO2 core–shell structures with the core‐to‐shell molar ratios of 5:0.5, 5:0.67, and 5:1 are synthesized by the sol–gel route, and then the structural and optical properties of the synthesized samples are investigated. In order to characterize the samples, the XRD, Raman, FESEM, and TEM techniques are used for their structural verification, while the UV–visible and photoluminescence spectra are used for their optical characterization. The XRD results obtained showed that the annealed TiO2 sample has an anatase tetragonal structure and that the core–shell samples contain the diffraction peaks of both the core TiO2 and the shell SnO2. The XRD results obtained are supported by Raman spectroscopy. The TEM images obtained show evidence of the formation of the composite (core–shell) nanostructure in the samples. The optical investigation shows that the band gaps of the core–shell samples are indirect, like the TiO2 core itself, and increase with an increase in the core‐to‐shell molar ratio. These results also show that the synthesized core–shell samples are suitable candidates for use in optoelectronic devices.
3D Simulation of the Coil Geometry Effect on the Induction Heating Process in Czochralski Crystal Growth System
Authors: Heidari Hamed , Tavakoli Mohammad Hossein , Shokri AbdolJabbar , Mohamad Moradi Behnam , Mohammad Sharifi Omid , Asaad M. Jamil M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein, influence of coil geometry in a Czochralski crystal growth system is studied using 3D finite element method. Three different geometries for the helical RF‐coil including solenoid, conical solenoid, and rectangular are considered and distribution of magnetic flux density (through the system), produced heat in the RF‐coil and the graphite crucible, as well as heat volume integral are calculated. The obtained numerical results show that every considered coil produces a special heating structure due to its shape with some advantages and disadvantages.
Effect of Gas Atmosphere in the Heating Stage on Limiting Nucleation of Graphene on Copper Foils by Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Shi Yonggui , Wang Yunwei , Ren Yang , Wan Yuhui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo investigate the effect of gas atmosphere in the heating stage of graphene fabrication on graphene nucleation, hydrogen and nitrogen are introduced into the furnace respectively in the heating stage. The results show that graphene growing on copper foils heated in nitrogen atmosphere and in hydrogen atmosphere present different nucleation characteristics. The analysis implies that the gas atmosphere in the heating stage affects the graphene nucleation and growth by changing the morphology of the copper surface and the inherent carbon concentration in the substrate, and this change actually results from the interaction of the copper surface and the gas atmosphere. The difference in size and quality of the fabricated graphene domains also indicates nitrogen atmosphere in the heating stage favors fabricating large‐sized graphene domains with good quality. Thus, substituting hydrogen for nitrogen in the heating stage would be a simpler and easier way to depress graphene nucleation as well as improve the graphene quality.
Biogeographical variation in specific IgE recognition of temperate and subtropical grass pollen allergens in allergic rhinitis patients
Authors: Kailaivasan Thina H , Timbrell Victoria L , Solley Graham , Smith William B , McLean‐Tooke Andrew , van Nunen Sheryl , Smith Peter , Upham John W , Langguth Daman , Davies Janet M 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveGlobally, grass pollens (GP) are major aeroallergen triggers of allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. However, patterns of allergic sensitisation to pollen of temperate (Pooideae: Lolium perenne) and subtropical (Chloridoideae: Cynodon dactylon and Panicoideae: Paspalum notatum) subfamilies in diverse climates remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the level of allergic sensitisation and IgE specificity for major GP allergens representing the three subfamilies in biogeographically distinct regions.MethodsParticipants (GP‐allergic with AR, 330; non‐atopic, 29; other allergies, 54) were recruited in subtropical: Queensland, and temperate: New South Wales, Western and South Australia, regions. Clinical history, skin prick test (SPT), total and specific IgE to GP and purified allergens (ImmunoCAP) were evaluated. Cross‐inhibition of sIgE with Pas n 1, Cyn d 1 and Lol p 1 by GP extracts was investigated.ResultsQueensland participants showed higher sensitisation to P. notatum and C. dactylon than L. perenne GP. sIgE was higher to Pas n 1 and Cyn d 1, and sIgE to Pas n 1 and Cyn d 1 was inhibited more by Panicoideae and Chloridoideae, respectively, than Pooideae GP. Conversely, participants from temperate regions showed highest sensitisation levels to L. perenne GP and Lol p 1, and sIgE to Lol p 1 was inhibited more by Pooideae than other GP.ConclusionLevels and patterns of sensitisation to subtropical and temperate GP in AR patients depended on biogeography. Knowledge of the specificity of sensitisation to local allergens is important for optimal diagnosis and choice of allergen‐specific immunotherapy to maximise benefit.
EPO: An Optimization technique for Urban Traffic Management While Limiting the Pollution using WSN
Authors: Shrivastava Prerana 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn the world, the vehicular traffic is endlessly expanding all over the place and at the point of intersection can cause terrible traffic congestion. Today, the vast majority of the traffic lights is fixed green light system; therefore, it is resolved without considering the incidence of vehicles emergency. The vehicles of emergency like fire trucks and ambulances are need to reach their destinations at the time. Many people face danger situation when they spent lot of time in traffic. To resolve the above mentioned problem, this paper proposed an optimization technique (Emperor Penguin Optimizer) for urban traffic organisation while limiting the pollution using wireless sensor network. At first, the basic parameters are explained like headway, throughput, density, flow, volume, and waiting time. After that, find the traffic pollutions and calculate the emergency vehicle based on the priority. Lastly, based on the above conditions, the traffic light will be displayed. The proposed work will be evaluated by using MATLAB in terms of latency (32 s), buffer (30 KB/s/vehicle), packet delivery ratio (99%), delay (0.7 s), overhead (20%), packet loss ratio (1%), throughput (99%), and time. Proposed work can also be compared with other recent techniques for the research evaluation.