bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ antitumor vaccination: Targeting the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Li Hanwen , Yu Jiayun , Wu Yongyao , Shao Bin , Wei Xiawei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTumor microenvironment is known to play important roles in tumor progression. Many therapies, targeting the tumor microenvironment, are designed and applied in the clinic. One of these approaches is in situ antitumor therapy. This way, bacteria, antibodies, plasmid DNA, viruses, and cells are intratumorally delivered into the tumor site as “in‐situ antitumor vaccine,” which seeks to enhance immunogenicity and generate systemic T cell responses. In addition, this intratumoral therapy can alter the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory while limiting the risk of systemic exposure and associated toxicity. Contemporarily, promising preclinical results and some initial success in clinical trials have been obtained after intratumoral therapy.
Parallel evolution of regressive and constructive craniofacial traits across distinct populations of Astyanax mexicanus cavefish
Authors: Powers Amanda K. , Berning Daniel J. , Gross Joshua B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLife in complete darkness has driven the evolution of a suite of troglobitic features in the blind Mexican cavefish Astyanax mexicanus, such as eye and pigmentation loss. While regressive evolution is a hallmark of obligate cave‐dwelling organisms, constructive (or augmented) traits commonly arise as well. The cavefish cranium has undergone extensive changes compared with closely‐related surface fish. These alterations are rooted in both cranial bones and surrounding sensory tissues such as enhancements in the gustatory and lateral line systems. Cavefish also harbor numerous cranial bone asymmetries: fluctuating asymmetry of individual bones and directional asymmetry in a dorsal bend of the skull. This asymmetry is mirrored by the asymmetrical patterning of mechanosensory neuromasts. We explored the relationship between facial bones and neuromasts using in vivo fluorescent colabeling and microcomputed tomography. We found an increase in neuromast density within dermal bone boundaries across three distinct populations of cavefish compared to surface‐dwelling fish. We also show that eye loss disrupts early neuromast patterning, which in turn impacts the development of dermal bones. While cavefish exhibit alterations in cranial bone and neuromast patterning, each population varied in the severity. This variation may reflect observed differences in behavior across populations. For instance, a bend in the dorsal region of the skull may expose neuromasts to water flow on the opposite side of the face, enhancing sensory input and spatial mapping in the dark.
An efficient synthesis of spiroacridinone derivatives from the facile reaction of isatins, dimedone, and 5‐aminoindazole (6‐aminoindazole or 5‐aminoindole)
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Ting , Sun Jian , Zhu Hong , Yue Rui‐Xue , Zhang Yi , Niu Fu‐Xiang , Rong Liangce 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe have developed a simple and facil protocol for the synthesis of tetrahydrospiro(indoline‐3,11′‐pyrazolo[4,3‐a]acridine)‐2,10′(7′H)‐dione, tetrahydrospiro(indoline‐3, 11′‐pyrazolo[3,4‐a]acridine)‐2,10′(7′H)‐dione, and tetrahydrospiro (indoline‐3,11′‐pyrrolo[3,2‐a]acridine)‐2,10′(7′H)‐dione via PTSA·H2O‐induced cyclization reaction from isatins, dimedone, and 5‐aminoindazole (6‐aminoindazole or 5‐aminoindole) in mixed solvent (EtOH and CH3CN). In this research, 5‐aminoindazole, 6‐aminoindazole, and 5‐aminoindole were effectively used to react with isatins and dimedone to give spiroacridinone derivatives. The advantages of this method are mild conditions, convenient manipulation, high yields, and a wide range of substrates.
The c.1A > C start codon mutation in CLN3 is associated with a protracted disease course
Authors: Kuper Willemijn F. E. , van Alfen Claudia , van Eck Linda , de Man Stella A. , Willemsen Marjolein H. , van Gassen Koen L. I. , Losekoot Monique , van Hasselt Peter M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCLN3 disease is a disorder of lysosomal homeostasis predominantly affecting the retina and the brain. The severity of the underlying mutations in CLN3 particularly determines onset and course of neurological deterioration. Given the highly conserved start codon code among eukaryotic species, we expected a variant in the start codon of CLN3 to give rise to the classical, that is, severe, phenotype.Case seriesWe present three patients with an identical CLN3 genotype (compound heterozygosity for the common 1 kb deletion in combination with a c.1A > C start codon variant) who all displayed a more attenuated phenotype than expected. While their retinal phenotype was similar to as expected in classical CLN3 disease, their neurological phenotype was delayed. Two patients had an early onset of cognitive impairment, but a particularly slow deterioration afterwards without any obvious motor impairment. The third patient also had a late onset of cognitive impairment.ConclusionsContrasting our initial expectations, patients with a start codon variant in CLN3 may display a protracted phenotype. Future work will have to reveal the exact mechanism behind the assumed residual protein synthesis, and determine whether this may be eligible to start codon targeted therapy.
Measured Energy Expenditure Compared With Best‐Practice Recommendations for Obese, Critically Ill Patients—A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Ridley Emma J. , Tierney Audrey , King Susannah , Ainslie Emily , Udy Andrew , Scheinkestel Carlos , Nyulasi Ibolya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare recommendations in the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient with measured energy expenditure in obese, critically ill adults.MethodsAfter enrollment, measured energy expenditure was attempted at baseline and twice weekly to extubation or day 14. Data are reported as median [interquartile range].ResultsTwenty patients were included. The median baseline and subsequent measured energy expenditures were 2438 [1807–2703] kcal and 2919 [2318–3362] kcal, respectively. Baseline measured energy expenditures were −491 [−788 to −323] kcal lower than subsequent measurements, and week 1 measurements were lower than those of week 2. The median bias between the guideline recommendation of 11–14 kcal/kg of actual body weight and measured expenditure at baseline was −950 [−1254 to −595] kcal/d and −1618 [−1820 to −866] kcal/d at subsequent measurements.ConclusionClinically significant variation was observed between measured expenditure and guideline recommendations at all time points.
Critical review on conventional spectroscopic α‐amylase activity detection methods: merits, demerits, and future prospects
Authors: Visvanathan Rizliya , Qader Mallique , Jayathilake Chathuni , Jayawardana Barana Chaminda , Liyanage Ruvini , Sivakanesan Ramiah 
Published: February 2020

Abstractα‐Amylase is an endoenzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of internal α‐l,4 glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides to produce maltose, maltotriose, and α‐limit dextrins. It is widely used in the laboratorial and industrial workflow for several applications. There are several methods utilizing different techniques and substrates to assess α‐amylase activity, among which the spectroscopic methods have found widespread applicability due to their ease of use and cost‐effectiveness. Depending upon the reaction principle, these assays are classified into four groups: reducing sugar, enzymatic, chromogenic, and amyloclastic methods. Despite the presence of numerous methods, there is no general reliable method to assess α‐amylase activity. Each method is shown to have its own merits and demerits. Many improvements have been made to make the available methods more accurate, reliable, and easy. This communication briefly discusses the basic reaction mechanisms and critically reviews the advantages and shortcomings associated with each method. Further recommendations are made for future development. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Habitat and Harvesting Practices Influence Horn Growth of Male Ibex
Authors: Carvalho João , Büntgen Ulf , Pettorelli Nathalie , Mentaberre Gregorio , Olivé‐boix Xavier , Eizaguirre Oihana , Pérez Jesús M. , Fandos Paulino , Torres Rita T. , Lavín Santiago , Fonseca Carlos , Serrano Emmanuel 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTSize‐selective harvesting of wild ungulates can trigger a range of ecological and evolutionary consequences. It remains unclear how environmental conditions, including changes in habitat, climate, and local weather conditions, dilute or strengthen the effects of trophy hunting. We analyzed horn length measurements of 2,815 male ibex (Capra pyrenaica) that were harvested from 1995 to 2017 in Els Ports de Tortosa i Beseit National Hunting Reserve in northeastern Spain. We used linear mixed models to determine the magnitude of inter‐individual horn growth variability and partial least square path models to evaluate long‐term effects of environmental change, population size, and hunting strategy on horn growth. Age‐specific horn length significantly decreased over the study period, and nearly a quarter (23%) of its annual variation was attributed to individual heterogeneity among males. The encroachment of pine (Pinus spp.) forests had a negative effect on annual horn growth, possibly through nutritional impoverishment. The harvesting of trophy and selective individuals (e.g., small‐horned males) from the entire population increased horn growth, probably because it reduced the competition for resources and prevented breeding of these smaller males. Local weather conditions and population size did not influence horn growth. Our study demonstrates how habitat changes are altering the horn growth of male ibex. We suggest that habitat interventions, such the thinning of pine forests, can contribute to securing the sustainability of trophy hunting. Even in situations where size‐selective harvesting is not causing a detectable phenotypic response, management actions leading to the expansion of preferred land cover types, such as grass‐rich open areas, can have a positive effect on ungulate fitness. Forest encroachment on open meadows and heterogeneous grasslands is pervasive throughout Mediterranean ecosystems. Therefore, our management recommendations can be extended to the landscape level, which will have the potential to mitigate the side effects of habitat deterioration on the phenotypic traits of wild ibex. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
The Effect of Cochlear Implantation on Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential in Children
Authors: Li Xin , Gong Shusheng 
Published: February 2020

Objectives/HypothesisWe conducted this study to assess the effects of unilateral cochlear implantation (CI) on otolith function by observing the changes in ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) in children.Study Design: Prospective case series.MethodsThe oVEMP and cVEMP elicited by air‐conducted sound in 35 children were analyzed preoperatively and at 5 days, 1 month, and 2 months after surgery.ResultsBefore CI, the response rates of oVEMPs and cVEMPs were 81.4% and 91.4%, respectively. In the implanted side, oVEMPs and cVEMPs were reduced by 37.1% and 68.6%, respectively, 5 days after CI. One month after CI, oVEMPs and cVEMPs were 34.6% and 72%, respectively, with the device switched off, and 50% and 73.1%, respectively, with the device switched on. Two months after CI, the oVEMPs and cVEMPs were 36% and 80%, respectively, when the implant was turned off, and 70.8% and 75%, respectively, when the implant was turned on.ConclusionsThe study confirmed the value of VEMP testing in the clinical setting and that absent VEMPs could indicate impairment of otolith function after CI.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2020
Global research on Fabry's disease: Demands for a rare disease
Authors: Klingelhöfer Doris , Braun Markus , Seeger‐Zybok Rebekka K. , Quarcoo David , Brüggmann Dörthe , Groneberg David A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFabry disease (FD), the second most prevalent lysosomal storage disorder, is classified as a rare disease. It often leads to significant quality of life impairments and premature death. Many cases remain undiagnosed due to the rarity and heterogeneity. Further, costs related to treatment often constitute a substantial financial burden for patients and health systems. While its epidemiology is still unclear, newborn screenings suggest that its actual prevalence rate is significantly higher than previously suspected.MethodsBased on well‐established methodologies, this study gives an overview about the background of the development of FD‐related research and provides a critical view of future needs.ResultsOn the grounds of benchmarking findings, an increasing research activity on FD can be observed. Most publishing countries are the USA, some European countries, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea. In general, high‐income countries publish comparably more on FD than low‐ or middle‐income economies. The countries' financial and infrastructural background are unveiled as crucial factors for the FD research activity.ConclusionsOverall, there is a need to foster FD research infrastructure in developing and emerging countries with focus on cost‐intensive genetic research that is independent from economic interests of big pharmaceutical companies.
Paternal Folate Status and Sperm Quality, Pregnancy Outcomes, and Epigenetics: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hoek Jeffrey , Steegers‐Theunissen Régine P. M. , Willemsen Sten P. , Schoenmakers Sam 
Published: February 2020

ScopeThe effectiveness of maternal folate in reducing the risk of congenital malformations during pregnancy is well established. However, the role of the paternal folate status is scarcely investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the evidence of associations between the paternal folate status and sperm quality, sperm epigenome, and pregnancy outcomes.Methods and resultsDatabases are searched up to December 2017 resulting in 3682 articles, of which 23 are retrieved for full‐text assessment. Four out of thirteen human and two out of four animal studies show positive associations between folate concentrations and sperm parameters. An additional meta‐analysis of four randomized controlled trials in subfertile men shows that the sperm concentration increases (3.54 95% confidence interval (CI) [−1.40 to 8.48]) after 3–6 months of 5 mg folic acid use per day compared to controls. Moreover, two out of two animal and one out of three human studies show significant alterations in the overall methylation of the sperm epigenome. One animal and one human study show associations between low folate intake and an increased risk of congenital malformations.ConclusionsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis shows evidence of associations between paternal folate status and sperm quality, fertility, congenital malformations, and placental weight.
An ultra‐wideband power amplifier with band notched response
Authors: Chen Hui , Shi Xian‐Qing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn ultra‐wideband (UWB) power amplifier (PA) integrated with notched structure is proposed in this letter. During the design process of the amplifier, a codesign approach was adopted, which realized an UWB band‐pass filter as the matching network, and a transmission zero was introduced within the passband to eliminate an interference to other radio systems. An example of band notch centered at 2.4 GHz was demonstrated in the PA. The measured results of the UWB amplifier are shown that 50% to 68% drain efficiency, 39.6 to 42.6 dBm output power, and higher than 10 dB power gain at the frequency range of 0.8 to 2.15 and 2.5 to 3 GHz are achieved. In addition, there is an obvious stopband of 2.2 to 2.4 GHz, and the minimum gain and output power in the stop band are 0.22 dB and 23 dBm, respectively.
Is polypropylene mesh material fundamentally safe for use as a reconstructive material in vaginal surgery: ICI‐RS 2019?
Authors: Rovner Eric , de Tayrac Renaud , Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth , Veit‐Rubin Nikolaus , Anding Ralf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) mesh has been used as a primary or adjuvant material for vaginal reconstruction for both stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) for decades. Whether polypropylene is the optimal material for such indications has been called into question by clinicians, regulatory agencies and the public in several countries around the world. This paper is a report of presentations and subsequent discussion at the annual International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI‐RS) Meeting in June 2019 in Bristol, UK on the proposal “Is polypropylene mesh material fundamentally safe for use as a reconstructive material in vaginal surgery?” in which several of the salient issues were presented and discussed.
QoS‐aware cross‐domain collaborative energy‐saving mechanism for FiWi virtual networks
Authors: Xu Siya , Peng Xujing , Guo Shaoyong , Qiu Xuesong , He Wenchen 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe fiber‐wireless (FiWi) access network is a very promising solution for next‐generation access networks. Because of the different protocols between its subnets, it is hard to globally optimize the operation of FiWi networks. Network virtualization technology is applied to FiWi networks to realize the coexistence of heterogeneous networks and centralized control of network resource. The existing virtual resource management methods always be designed to optimize virtual network (VN) request acceptance rate and survivability, but seldom consider energy consumption and varied requirements of quality of service (QoS) satisfaction, which is a hot and important topic in the industrial field. Therefore, this paper focuses on the QoS‐aware cross‐domain collaborative energy saving mechanism for FiWi virtual networks. First, the virtual network embedding (VNE) model, energy consumption model, and VNE profit model of FiWi networks are established. Then, a QoS‐aware in‐region VN embedding mechanism is proposed to guarantee service quality of different services. After that, an underlying resource updating mechanism based on energy efficiency awareness is designed to realize low‐load ONU and wireless routers co‐sleep in FiWi networks. Finally, a QoS‐aware re‐embedding mechanism is presented to allocate proper resource to the VNs affected by the sleeping mechanism. Especially for video VNs, a re‐embedding scheme which adopts traffic splitting and multipath route is introduced to meet resource limitation and low latency. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can reduce FiWi network's energy consumption, improve VNE profit, and ensure high embedding accepting rate and strict delay demand of high‐priority VNs.
Shared Risk Link Group disjointness and geodiverse routing: A trade‐off between benefit and practical effort
Authors: Girão‐Silva Rita , Nedic Boro , Gunkel Matthias , Gomes Teresa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe resilience to disasters is a very relevant problem in telecommunication networks. This work addresses the problem of 1 + 1 optical lightpath protection considering maximally shared risk link group (SRLG)‐disjoint geodiverse paths, applied in the context of an optical network. The resilience to geographically correlated disasters is accomplished by guaranteeing geodiversity of the paths. This work focuses on estimating the increase of the path lengths and the increase in cost of the required transponders, compared to simple link‐disjointness (i.e., when no constraints on SRLG‐disjointness or geodiversity are considered). Results in different networks allow to evaluate the effect of SRLG‐disjointness to ensure some geodiversity.
Interfacial shear strength of opaque resin/carbon fiber based on mapping from energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy
Authors: Ma Tianshuai , Pei Xiaoyuan , Liu Liangsen , Wang Chunhong , Liu Liyan , Xu Zhiwei , Jiang Yaming , Wu Ning 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe interface between carbon fibers and resin has a great effect on the mechanical properties of composites, and acts as a bridge for the transportation of load between fibers and resin. The traditional measurement method for interfacial shear strength (IFSS) relies mainly on single‐fiber fragmentation test, which is not suited for opaque composites. In this article, a new method for measuring the interfacial shear strength of opaque resin/carbon fibers was firstly put forward. We used mapping from energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) which replaced the polarizing microscope to detect the breakpoints of samples after being stretched. We found that the value of IFSS for composites made by carbon fibers and epoxy resin detected by traditional method and new method was similar, which indicated single‐fiber fragmentation test based on mapping from EDS was accurate. The value of IFSS for composites made by carbon fibers and epoxy resin modified by carbon nanotubes was measured by mapping from EDS, which indicated the wide applicability in opaque composites. The single‐fiber fragmentation test based on mapping from EDS made the IFSS measurement of opaque composite become possible, which made a great progress compared with traditional method.
High‐temperature properties and failure mechanism of 3D six‐directional braided composites under out‐of‐plane compression
Authors: Han Wen‐Fen , Li Dian‐Sen , Jiang Lei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) six‐directional braided carbon/epoxy composites with different braiding angles were fabricated successfully. The effect of braiding angles and temperature on mechanical properties and failure mechanism were analyzed. The results show that the braiding angle and temperature both have a significant effect. As braiding angle increases, out‐of‐plane compression stress vs strain curve increases and the compression properties improve. At high temperatures, the stress vs strain curves are non‐linear up and the compression properties reduce. Besides, the out‐of‐plane performances of 3D six‐directional braided composite at room and high temperatures are more excellent than 3D four‐directional and five‐directional braided composites. Under out‐of‐plane compression, at room temperature, the materials appear 45° shear fracture; the phenomenon of fibers shear fracture and extraction is more distinct with larger braiding angle; the main failure is the fiber bundles expand outward and the matrix cracks. At high temperatures, the materials exhibit ±45° shear cracks; composites are compressed flat and expand along the transverse direction; the main failure is the matrix softening and exfoliation from the fiber bundles, the fiber/matrix interface debonds seriously.