bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral CuxCoyS Nanoparticles under Magnetic Field and NIR Light to Eliminate Senescent Cells
Authors: Li Si , Sun Maozhong , Hao Changlong , Qu Aihua , Wu Xiaoling , Xu Liguang , Xu Chuanlai , Kuang Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present study, chiral CuxCoyS nanoparticles (NPs) were developed to selectively induce apoptosis of senescent cells using both an alternating magnetic field (AMF) and near infrared (NIR) photon illumination. The chiral effects on living cells were investigated, and d‐CuxCoyS NPs showed about 2.5 times higher of internalized ability than l‐NPs. By modifying beta 2 macroglobulin (MG), senescent cells were effectively eliminated by d‐CuxCoyS NPs without damaging the activities of normal cells under AMF and photon illumination. Compared to the individual application of NIR illumination and AMF, their synergistic effect induced the production of caspase‐3 with a much shorter treatment time and higher efficiency due to the more serious photon‐induced cellular redox and mechanical damage of cellular skeleton. Moreover, the developed strategy was successfully used to remove senescent cells in vivo. This study developed a controllable way of regulating cell activities using chiral NPs, which will provide a valuable way for treating diseases and promoting health.
Stabilization of Highly Efficient and Stable Phase‐Pure FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells by Molecularly Tailored 2D‐Overlayers
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Akin Seckin , Hinderhofer Alexander , Eickemeyer Felix T. , Zhu Hongwei , Seo Ji‐Youn , Zhang Jiahuan , Schreiber Frank , Zhang Hong , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Hagfeldt Anders , Dar M. Ibrahim , Grätzel Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs a result of their attractive optoelectronic properties, metal halide APbI3 perovskites employing formamidinium (FA+) as the A cation are the focus of research. The superior chemical and thermal stability of FA+ cations makes α‐FAPbI3 more suitable for solar‐cell applications than methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). However, its spontaneous conversion into the yellow non‐perovskite phase (δ‐FAPbI3) under ambient conditions poses a serious challenge for practical applications. Herein, we report on the stabilization of the desired α‐FAPbI3 perovskite phase by protecting it with a two‐dimensional (2D) IBA2FAPb2I7 (IBA=iso‐butylammonium overlayer, formed via stepwise annealing. The α‐FAPbI3/IBA2FAPb2I7 based perovskite solar cell (PSC) reached a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of close to 23 %. In addition, it showed excellent operational stability, retaining around 85 % of its initial efficiency under severe combined heat and light stress, that is, simultaneous exposure with maximum power tracking to full simulated sunlight at 80 °C over 500 h.
A Predictive Model Towards Site‐Selective Metalations of Functionalized Heterocycles, Arenes, Olefins, and Alkanes using TMPZnCl⋅LiCl
Authors: Balkenhohl Moritz , Jangra Harish , Makarov Ilya S. , Yang Shu‐Mei , Zipse Hendrik , Knochel Paul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of a predictive model towards site‐selective deprotometalation reactions using TMPZnCl⋅LiCl is reported (TMP=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl). The pKa values of functionalized N‐, S‐, and O‐heterocycles, arenes, alkenes, or alkanes were calculated and compared to the experimental deprotonation sites. Large overlap (>80 %) between the calculated and empirical deprotonation sites was observed, showing that thermodynamic factors strongly govern the metalation regioselectivity. In the case of olefins, calculated frozen state energies of the deprotonated substrates allowed a more accurate prediction. Additionally, various new N‐heterocycles were analyzed and the metalation regioselectivities rationalized using the predictive model.
In‐situ Fabrication of Functional Materials inside Porous Fiber using Microwave Selective Heating
Authors: Miyakawa Masato , Shigaraki Chizuru , Nishioka Masateru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe developed a simple fabrication method, which can emplace functional materials inside porous fibers. In contrast to conventional impregnation methods or surface coating, various functions can be included inside of natural or synthetic fibers. This fabrication method has three steps. First, the raw material solution is absorbed to the fiber. Then the fiber is immersed and pressurized in immiscible liquids with the raw material solution. Finally, the functional particles are fabricated in‐situ inside of the fiber by a chemical reaction such as microwave selective heating. As a model reaction, we fabricated silver‐nanoparticle‐containing cotton fiber. The elemental silver was distributed inside of the fiber in a cross‐sectional distribution as confirmed by SEM‐EDS. Furthermore, we fabricated fibers with zeolite particles inside of porous PTFE fibers.
Bayesian interval mapping of count trait loci based on zero‐inflated generalized Poisson regression model
Authors: Chi Jinling , Zhou Ying , Chen Lili , Zhou Yajing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCount phenotypes with excessive zeros are often observed in the biological world. Researchers have studied many statistical methods for mapping the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of zero‐inflated count phenotypes. However, most of the existing methods consist of finding the approximate positions of the QTLs on the chromosome by genome‐wide scanning. Additionally, most of the existing methods use the EM algorithm for parameter estimation. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian interval mapping scheme of QTLs for zero‐inflated count data. The method takes advantage of a zero‐inflated generalized Poisson (ZIGP) regression model to study the influence of QTLs on the zero‐inflated count phenotype. The MCMC algorithm is used to estimate the effects and position parameters of QTLs. We use the Haldane map function to realize the conversion between recombination rate and map distance. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to test the applicability and advantage of the proposed method. The effects of QTLs on the formation of mouse cholesterol gallstones were demonstrated by analyzing an mouse data set.
Assessment of associations between clinical and immune microenvironmental factors and tumor mutation burden in resected nonsmall cell lung cancer by applying machine learning to whole‐slide images
Authors: Ono Akira , Terada Yukihiro , Kawata Takuya , Serizawa Masakuni , Isaka Mitsuhiro , Kawabata Takanori , Imai Toru , Mori Keita , Muramatsu Koji , Hayashi Isamu , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Ohshima Keiichi , Urakami Kenichi , Nagashima Takeshi , Kusuhara Masatoshi , Akiyama Yasuto , Sugino Takashi , Ohde Yasuhisa , Yamaguchi Ken , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether clinical factors and immune microenvironment (IME) factors are associated with tumor mutation burden (TMB) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Materials and methodsWe assessed TMB in surgical tumor specimens by performing whole exome sequencing. IME profiles, including PD‐L1 tumor proportion score (TPS), stromal CD8 tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density, and stromal Foxp3 TIL density, were quantified by digital pathology using a machine learning algorithm. To detect factors associated with TMB, clinical data, and IME factors were assessed by means of a multiple regression model.ResultsWe analyzed tumors from 200 of the 246 surgically resected NSCLC patients between September 2014 and September 2015. Patient background: median age (range) 70 years (39‐87); male 37.5%; smoker 27.5%; pathological stage (p‐stage) I/II/III, 63.5/22.5/14.0%; histological type Ad/Sq, 77.0/23.0%; primary tumor location upper/lower, 58.5/41.5%; median PET SUV 7.5 (0.86‐29.8); median serum CEA (sCEA) level 3.4 ng/mL (0.5‐144.3); median serum CYFRA 21‐1 (sCYFRA) level 1.2 ng/mL (1.0‐38.0); median TMB 2.19/ Mb (0.12‐64.38); median PD‐L1 TPS 15.1% (0.09‐77.4); median stromal CD8 TIL density 582.1/mm2 (120.0‐4967.6);, and median stromal Foxp3 TIL density 183.7/mm2 (6.3‐544.0).The multiple regression analysis identified three factors associated with higher TMB: smoking status: smoker, increase PET SUV, and sCEA level: >5 ng/mL (P < .001, P < .001, and P = .006, respectively).ConclusionsThe IME factors assessed were not associated with TMB, but our findings showed that, in addition to smoking, PET SUV and sCEA levels may be independent predictors of TMB. TMB and IME factors are independent factors in resected NSCLC.
Sulforaphane ameliorates serum starvation‐induced muscle atrophy via activation of the Nrf2 pathway in cultured C2C12 cells
Authors: Moon Jae Yun , Kim Da Jeong , Kim Hye Sun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOxidative stress, an imbalance of redox homeostasis, contributes to the pathogenesis and progress of muscle atrophy. However, it is debated whether oxidative stress is a cause or consequence of muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated the relationship between menadione‐induced oxidative stress and serum starvation‐induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. We found that atrophic phenotypes including myotube diameter decrease, protein ubiquitination, and the expression of atrogenes were detected under oxidative stress as well as during serum starvation. Oxidative stress during serum starvation was assessed to confirm the correlation. Both intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein oxidation were increased in atrophic myotubes. These results indicate that menadione‐induced oxidative stress triggers muscle atrophy and vice versa. Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key regulator of cellular response to oxidative stress and it is considered to have a cytoprotective role in the mitigation of muscle atrophy. Transcription of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase‐1, target genes of Nrf2, was decreased during serum starvation, which is related to decreased nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Pre‐treatment of sulforaphane (SFN), a known Nrf2 inducer, before serum starvation showed a protective effect via Nrf2/HO‐1 upregulation. SFN can liberate Nrf2 from Keap1, enabling the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Consequently, the expression of HO‐1 increased and intracellular ROS was significantly reduced by SFN pre‐treatment. These results demonstrate that oxidative stress mediates the pathophysiology of muscle atrophy, which can be improved via upregulation of the Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant response.
Effect of concomitant aortic regurgitation on early hypo‐attenuated leaflet thickening after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Xiong Tian‐Yuan , Liao Yan‐Biao , Li Yi‐Jian , Chen Fei , Li Xi , Wang Zi‐Jie , Wang Xi , Ou Yuanweixiang , Li Qiao , Wei Jia‐Fu , Peng Yong , Meng Wei , Feng Yuan , Chen Mao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe hypothesize that different degree of pre‐existing aortic regurgitation (AR) may affect the presence of hypo‐attenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundThe mechanism of the presence of HALT post‐TAVR is not fully understood.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the post‐procedural multi‐slice computed tomography (MSCT) before discharge for evidence of HALT. Patients were grouped according to the degree of pre‐existing AR. Baseline, native anatomy and procedure details were compared, then multivariate regression was performed.ResultsMSCT analyzed was performed at a median of 6 days post‐TAVR in 179 patients. HALT was detected in 10.6% of patients. After adjusting for variables that were significantly different between groups, pre‐existing ≥ moderate AR was protective to the risk of HALT (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03–0.84, p = .03). Stratifying for factors that might explain the impact of pre‐existing AR on HALT, patients with a small Sinus of Valsalva, non‐eccentric remodeling and receiving a large bioprosthesis experienced a sevenfold higher risk for HALT (OR 7.16, 95% CI 2.05–25.08, p = .002).ConclusionsPatients underwent TAVR with pre‐existing ≥ moderate AR appeared to experience a lower incidence of early HALT compared to those patients with less than moderate AR, which may be explained by a larger Sinus of Valsalva and a higher proportion of LV eccentric remodeling.
Measuring transfer of training: Review and implications for future research
Authors: Schoeb Geneviève , Lafrenière‐Carrier Benjamin , Lauzier Martin , Courcy François 
Published: May 2020

AbstractResearch on transfer of training (training transfer) has flourished in recent years. Given the absence so far of any comprehensive review of the various transfer measurement instruments used, a systematic review of research to date was performed. Three main findings emerged from the 51 studies reviewed: (1) there is a divergence between the definitions of transfer described in the studies and the concept of transfer reflected in the measurement instruments; (2) there are many different kinds of measurement instruments; and (3) scant information has been published on the parameters of the training whose transfer is being measured. In light of these findings, a research agenda is proposed for evaluating training transfer.
Histological phenotypic subtypes predict recurrence risk and response to adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage III colorectal cancer
Authors: Roseweir Antonia K , Park James H , Hoorn Sanne ten , Powell Arfon GMT , Aherne Susan , Roxburgh Campbell SD , McMillan Donald C , Horgan Paul G , Ryan Elizabeth , Sheahan Kieran , Vermeulen Louis , Paul James , Harkin Andrea , Graham Janet , Sansom Owen , Church David N , Tomlinson Ian , Saunders Mark , Iveson Tim J , Edwards Joanne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHistological ‘phenotypic subtypes’ that classify patients into four groups (immune, canonical, latent and stromal) have previously been demonstrated to stratify survival in a stage I–III colorectal cancer (CRC) pilot cohort. However, clinical utility has not yet been validated. Therefore, this study assessed prognostic value of these subtypes in additional patient cohorts along with associations with risk of recurrence and response to chemotherapy. Two independent stage I–III CRC patient cohorts (internal and external cohort) were utilised to investigate phenotypic subtypes. The primary endpoint was disease‐free survival (DFS) and the secondary endpoint was recurrence risk (RR). Stage II–III patients, from the SCOT adjuvant chemotherapy trial, were utilised to further validate prognostic value and for exploratory analysis assessing associations with adjuvant chemotherapy. In an 893‐patient internal cohort, phenotypic subtype independently associated with DFS (p = 0.025) and this was attenuated in stage III patients (p = 0.020). Phenotypic subtype also independently associated with RR (p < 0.001) in these patients. In a 146‐patient external cohort, phenotypic subtype independently stratified patients by DFS (p = 0.028), validating their prognostic value. In 1343 SCOT trial patients, the effect of treatment type significantly depended on phenotypic subtype (pinteraction = 0.011). Phenotypic subtype independently associated with DFS in stage III patients receiving FOLFOX (p = 0.028). Furthermore, the immune subtype significantly associated with better response to FOLFOX compared to CAPOX adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III patients (p = 0.013). In conclusion, histological phenotypic subtypes are an effective prognostic classification in patients with stage III CRC that associates with risk of recurrence and response to FOLFOX adjuvant chemotherapy.
Variations on a theme: Morphological variation in the secondary eye visual pathway across the order of Araneae
Authors: Long Skye M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpiders possess a wide array of sensory‐driven behaviors and therefore provide rich models for studying evolutionary hypotheses about the relationship between brain morphology, sensory systems, and behavior. Despite this, only a handful of studies have examined brain variation across the order of Araneae. In this study, I present descriptions of the gross brain morphology for 19 families of spiders that vary in eye morphology. Spiders showed the most variation in the secondary eye visual pathway. Based on this variation, spiders could be categorized into four groups. Group 1 spiders had small, underdeveloped laminae, no medullae, and no mushroom bodies. Group 2 spiders had large laminae, no medullae and large mushroom bodies. Group 3 spiders had laminae and some evidence of reduced medullae and mushroom bodies. Group 4 spiders had the most complex systems, with large laminae, medullae formed from optical glomeruli, and robust mushroom bodies. Within groups, there was large variation in the shape and size of individual regions, indicating possible variation in neuronal organization. The possible evolutionary implications of the loss of a dedicated olfactory organ in spiders and its effects on the mushroom body are also discussed.
Ultralight, Highly Compressible Graphene Cellular Materials with Enhanced Mechanical and Electrical Performance
Authors: Qian Jiahao , Bi Hui , Wan Dongyun , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConventional three‐dimensional graphene cellular materials (GCMs) from chemically derived graphene oxide undergo low mechanical strength, severe plastic deformation and poor electrical conductivity. Herein, ultralight, ultraelastic, excellent mechanical and electrically conductive GCMs have been successfully prepared by the self‐assembly of graphene nanosheets by extensive hydrogen bonds generated from a glycolic acid crosslinker. Meanwhile, ethanol‐water solution is used to dramatically restrict the volume expansion of water converting into ice crystal during the freeze process. Eventually, the GCMs exhibit ultralow densities of about 4.3 mg cm−3, and can be fabricated on a large scale (volume of ∼350 cm3). The GCMs have a maximum reversible strain of ca. 90% in the whole density range from 4.3 mg cm−3 to 25.3 mg cm−3. Young's moduli (E) are from 13.7 kPa (ρ=4.3 mg cm−3) to 125.1 kPa (ρ=25.3 mg cm−3), with the scale of E∼ρ2.1, and the exponent n is less than the GCMs previously reported. The GCMs also have high electrical conductivities of about 98.1 S/m (ρ=25.3 mg cm−3). Our work provides a facile method for the fabrication of ultralight, highly compressible and conductive GCMs, paving the way towards future potential applications in energy storage and conversions, adsorbents for the environment, etc.
Highly Sensitive Upconverting Nanoplatform for Luminescent Thermometry from Ambient to Cryogenic Temperature
Authors: Mukhuti Kingshuk , Adusumalli V. N. K. B. , Koppisetti Heramba V. S. R. M. , Bansal Bhavtosh , Mahalingam Venkataramanan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrecise assessment of temperature is crucial in many physical, technological, and biological applications where optical thermometry has attracted considerable attention primarily due to fast response, contactless measurement route, and electromagnetic passivity. Rare‐earth‐doped thermographic phosphors that rely on ratiometric sensing are very efficient near and above room temperature. However, being dependent on the thermally‐assisted migration of carriers to higher excited states, they are largely limited by the quenching of the activation mechanism at low temperatures. In this paper, we demonstrate a strategy to pass through this bottleneck by designing a linear colorimetric thermometer by which we could estimate down to 4 K. The change in perceptual color fidelity metric provides an accurate measure for the sensitivity of the thermometer that attains a maximum value of 0.86 K−1. Thermally coupled states in Er3+are also used as a ratiometric sensor from room temperature to ∼140 K. The results obtained in this work clearly show that Yb3+−Er3+co‐doped NaGdF4microcrystals are a promising system that enables reliable bimodal thermometry in a very wide temperature range from ultralow (4 K) to ambient (290 K) conditions.
#FNAFriday: How cytopathologists learn, teach, and share knowledge on Twitter
Authors: Expósito‐Afonso Idaira J. , Alcaraz‐Mateos Eduardo , Labiano Tania , Pijuan Lara , Temprana‐Salvador Jordi , Fitzhugh Valerie , Fuller Maren , Madrigal Emilio , Walavalkar Vighnesh , Baloch Zubair W. , Jiang Xiaoyin (Sara) 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTwitter is an expanding social media network among cytopathologists to share knowledge. Tweets are made up of text which may also include images or video. All tweets labeled under a hashtag can be tracked. The #FNAFriday hashtag was created in 2015 by one of the authors (X.J.) to build a community of individuals, to educate and share interesting cases, and highlight a variety of diagnoses with FNA specimens.MethodsWe retrospectively extracted all tweets labeled with #FNAFriday from April 2015 to mid‐February 2019 (47 mo) using the Twitter search engine. The data point included: author, number of figures, type of cytology‐stain, use of immunocytochemistry, histochemistry or molecular techniques, and the subspeciality. The educational content was categorized as: live‐tweeting, training activities, and publication references. The number if comments, retweets and likes was also recorded.ResultsA total of 349 original tweets using #FNAFriday were tracked with an average of 7.43 tweets/month. We describe the “top three” countries with most tweets, active users and subspecialties. The most frequent stain was Papanicolau and part of the content of the tweets was using cellblock (14.04%), histologic correlation (10.03%), immunocytochemistry (8.60%), molecular tests (2.01%), gross pictures (4.58%), and radiologic pictures (3.4%).ConclusionThe presence of cytopathologists on Twitter who want to share their cases has increased. The weekly FNAFriday label with other cytology hashtags is a specific keyword for those interested in the field.
Evaluating cetacean body condition; a review of traditional approaches and new developments
Authors: Castrillon Juliana , Bengtson Nash Susan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ability to accurately gauge the body condition of free‐swimming cetaceans is invaluable in population and conservation biology, due to the direct implications that this measure has on individual fitness, survival, and reproductive success. Furthermore, monitoring temporal change in body condition offers insight into foraging success over time, and therefore the health of the supporting ecosystem, as well as a species’ resilience. These parameters are particularly relevant in the context of widespread and accelerated, climate‐induced habitat change. There are, however, significant logistical challenges involved with research and monitoring of large cetaceans, which often preclude direct measure of body condition of live individuals. Consequently, a wide variety of indirect approaches, or proxies, for estimating energetic stores have been proposed over past decades. To date, no single, standardized, approach has been shown to serve as a robust estimation of body condition across species, age categories, and in both live and dead individuals. Nonetheless, it is clear that streamlining and advancing body condition measures would carry significant benefits for diverse areas of cetacean research and management. Here, we review traditional approaches and new applications for the evaluation of cetacean energetic reserves. Specific attention is given to the criteria of measure performance (sensitivity and accuracy), level of invasiveness, cost and effort required for implementation, as well as versatility e.g. applicability across different species, age groups, as well as living versus deceased animals. Measures have been benchmarked against these criteria in an effort to identify key candidates for further development, and key research priorities in the field.