bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midazolam oxidation in cattle liver microsomes: The role of cytochrome P450 3A
Authors: Nassi Alberto , Quintieri Luigi , Merlanti Roberta , Pezzato Francesca , Capolongo Francesca , Pauletto Marianna , Dacasto Mauro , Giantin Mery 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn humans, the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) subfamily is involved in midazolam (MDZ) biotransformation into 1′‐ and 4‐hydroxy metabolites, and the former serves as a probe for CYP3A catalytic activity. In veterinary species is still crucial to identify enzyme‐ and species‐specific CYP substrates; thus, the aim of this study was to characterize MDZ oxidation in cattle liver. A HPLC‐UV method was used to measure 1′‐ and 4‐hydroxy MDZ (1′‐ and 4‐OHMDZ, respectively) formation in cattle liver microsomes and assess the role of CYP3A by an immunoinhibition study. Moreover, MDZ hydroxylation was evaluated in 300 cattle liver samples and results were correlated with testosterone hydroxylation. Formation of both metabolites conformed to a single‐enzyme Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Values ofVmaxandKmwere 0.67 nmol/min/mg protein and 6.16 μM for 4‐OHMDZ, and 0.06 nmol/min/mg protein and 10.08 μM for 1′‐OHMDZ. An anti‐rat CYP3A1 polyclonal antibody inhibited up to 50% and 94% 1′‐ and 4‐OHMDZ formation, respectively. MDZ oxidation in liver microsomes was poorly correlated with testosterone hydroxylation. In conclusion, cattle metabolized MDZ to 1′‐OHMDZ and 4‐OHMDZ. The immunoinhibition results indicated a major contribution of CYP3As to 4‐OHMDZ formation and the involvement of other CYPs in 1′‐OHMDZ production, paving the way for further investigations.
A two‐country, three‐commodity Ricardian trade model with Keynesian unemployment
Authors: Sato Hideo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConventional trade models either assume full employment or suppose imperfect labor markets and attribute unemployment to the imperfectness. Needless to say, Keynesian unemployment arising from a shortage of effective demand has not been considered. In this paper, our two‐country, three‐commodity trade model determines patterns of the international division of labor, commodity terms of trade, relative wage rates and employment quantities in each country simultaneously, given the production techniques, labor endowments and effective demand. Furthermore, the model argues the significance of link commodities commonly produced in both countries and quantity adjustments without price changes in the face of demand changes.
Thoracic impedance measurement in heart stimulation and cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Ząbek Andrzej , Boczar Krzysztof , Nowosielska‐Ząbek Ewa , Holcman Katarzyna , Ulman Mateusz , Lelakowski Jacek , Małecka Barbara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is often a puzzling problem. The difficulty of the device function evaluation further increases in the presence of unfamiliar timing cycles and additional functions.We present an interesting ECG with a special function of a Biotronik ICD devices called the thoracic impedance monitoring, and demonstrate its behavior in a patient with atrial fibrillation, pacing beats, ventricular ectopic beats, and couple of ventricular beats. This report shows unexceptional occurrence of tricky ECG finding in patient with Biotronik ICDs.
Device related thrombus after left atrial appendage closure: State of the art
Authors: Yu Jiangtao , Bai Yuan , Jiang Li‐Sheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, is a major cause of stroke and systemic embolism. Patients with AF are at higher risk of stroke with the left atrial appendage (LAA) being the most common site for thrombus formation. Although oral anticoagulation (OAC) remains the standard of care for stroke prevention in AF patients, there are still several limitations, including increased risk of bleeding and noncompliance. LAA closure (LAAC) has been found to be non‐inferior to OAC in preventing all‐cause strokes and systemic embolisms in randomized clinical trials, and is increasingly performed for stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular AF (NVAF). However, device‐related thrombus (DRT) after LAAC and a potentially increased risk of stroke related to DRT were observed in several registered studies, and attract wide concern. This review provides a comprehensive update on the incidence, mechanism, risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of DRT after LAAC in patients with NVAF.
Pulmonary Daoyin as a traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation programme for patients with IPF: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Miao , Zhang Hailong , Li Fenglei , Yu Zhefeng , Yuan Chengbo , Oliver Brian , Li Jiansheng 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveIPF is a chronic progressive lung disease in which PR provides benefit for patients. PD, a TCM PR programme, has known effectiveness in COPD, but its utility in IPF is unknown. We investigated its effectiveness and safety in patients with IPF.MethodsA 6‐month randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in three Chinese clinics. Ninety‐six participants diagnosed with IPF were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: the PD group received a PD programme two times a day, 5 days/week for 2 months, and the exercise group exercised via a stationary cycle ergometer, 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 months. Volunteers in the control group were advised to maintain their usual activities. Primary outcomes were changes from baseline in the 6MWD and HRQoL score on the SGRQ‐I at 1 and 2 months (at the end of the intervention) and at 6 months (4 months after the intervention). Secondary outcomes measures included FVC, DLCO (% predicted) and the changes in mMRC.ResultsThe 6MWD was increased in the PD group compared to exercise and control groups. 6MWD increased by 60.44 m in the PD group, 32.16 m in the exercise group and 12.42 m in controls after the 2 months of rehabilitation programme. The between‐group differences in the change from baseline were 28.78 m (95% CI: 0.54 to 56.01; P = 0.044) and 48.02 m (95% CI: 23.04 to 73.00; P < 0.001) at 2 months, and 25.61 m (95% CI: −0.67 to 51.89; P = 0.058) and 50.93 m (95% CI: 25.47 to 76.40; P < 0.001) at 6 months, respectively, including a difference exceeding the MCID. There was no significant change in the SGRQ‐I score, the mMRC dyspnoea score, FVC and DLCO (% predicted) in either the PD or exercise groups.ConclusionTwo months after the intervention, a clinically meaningful difference in 6MWD was observed favouring the PD programme. The PD programme is safe and effective as a rehabilitation intervention designed to increase exercise tolerance and is an appropriate substitute for PR.
The relationship between malnutrition and TH2 immune markers: a study in school‐aged children of different socio‐economic backgrounds in Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyuni Sitti , van Dorst Marloes M.A.R. , Amaruddin Aldian I. , Muhammad Munawir , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Hamid Firdaus , Koopman Jan Pieter R. , Sartono Erliyani 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe burden of underweight remains a major problem in Indonesia, and at the same time, the prevalence of overweight is increasing. Malnutrition is a major determinant of health and has been linked to allergic disorders in children. We examined the relationship between malnutrition and TH2 immune markers in school‐aged children in Makassar, Indonesia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in five schools where socio‐demographic characteristics were recorded. Children’s standardised z‐scores of body mass index (z‐BMI) and age‐standardised z‐scores of height (z‐HA) were assessed using WHO child growth standards. Skin prick test (SPT) reactivity was determined to house dust mite allergens. Helminth infection status, (growth) hormones including insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) and TH2 immune markers were measured.ResultsIn total, 954 children were included of whom 21.6% were underweight and 14.8% overweight. After controlling for confounders, overweight was positively associated with leptin (GMR 3.55, 95% CI: 2.99–4.23) and IGF‐1 (GMR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.82), whereas underweight was negatively associated (respectively GMR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.49–0.66 and GMR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.97). Underweight was associated with a lower eosinophil count (GMR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64–0.97) but not with total IgE levels or SPT reactivity. Overweight was positively associated with SPT reactivity (adjusted OR 2.68, 95% CI: 1.50–4.78) but no relationship was found with the other TH2 immune markers.ConclusionMalnutrition is prominent in school‐aged children in Makassar, with overweight associated with increased SPT reactivity. Therefore, interventions should focus on undernutrition, but also on overweight to prevent the increase of allergic disorders in Indonesia.
Systematic review: fetal death reporting and risk in Zika‐affected pregnancies
Authors: Leisher Susannah Hopkins , Balalian Arin A. , Reinebrant Hanna , Shiau Stephanie , Flenady Vicki , Kuhn Louise , Morse Stephen S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesZika virus is linked to several adverse pregnancy outcomes. We assessed whether Zika infection during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of foetal death (miscarriage, stillbirth, abortion) and whether there is incomplete reporting of such deaths.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science and LILACS for studies reporting Zika‐affected completed pregnancies (ending in foetal death or live birth), excluding studies whose aim required live birth. Studies ‘allowed’ foetal death if their populations were defined to encompass both live births and foetal deaths, regardless of whether deaths were actually found. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Foetal death absolute and relative risks in Zika‐affected vs. unaffected pregnancies were calculated.ResultsWe found 108 reports including 24 699 completed, Zika‐affected pregnancies. The median absolute risk in 37 studies of completed, Zika‐affected pregnancies was 6.3% (IQR 3.2%, 10.6%) for foetal death and 5.9% (IQR 0%, 29.1%) for non‐fatal adverse outcomes (e.g. microcephaly). More studies allowed non‐fatal adverse outcomes (95%) than foetal death (58%). Of studies which allowed them, 94% found at least one foetal death. In 37% of reports, it was unknown whether foetal deaths were allowed. Only one study had sufficient data to estimate a foetal death relative risk (11.05, 95% CI 3.43, 35.55).ConclusionsEvidence was insufficient to determine whether foetal death risk is higher in Zika‐affected pregnancies, but suggests quality of foetal death reporting should be improved, including stating whether foetal deaths were found, how many, and at what gestational ages, or justifying their exclusion.
Estimating assistive product need in Cameroon and India: results of population‐based surveys and comparison of self‐report and clinical impairment assessment approaches
Authors: Boggs Dorothy , Kuper Hannah , Mactaggart Islay , Murthy GVS , Oye Joseph , Polack Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate population need and coverage for distance glasses, hearing aids and wheelchairs in India and Cameroon, and to explore the relationship between assistive product (AP) need measured through self‐report and clinical impairment assessment.MethodsPopulation‐based surveys of approximately 4000 people each were conducted in Mahabubnagar district, India and Fundong district, Cameroon. Participants underwent standardised vision, hearing and musculoskeletal impairment assessment to assess need for distance glasses, hearing aids, wheelchairs. Participants with moderate or worse impairment and/or self‐reported difficulties in functioning were also asked about their self‐reported AP need.Results6.5% (95% CI 5.4–7.9) in India and 1.9% (95% CI 1.5–2.4) in Cameroon of the population needed at least one of the three APs based on moderate or worse impairments. Total need was highest for distance glasses [3.7% (95% CI 2.8–4.7) India; 0.8% (95% CI 0.5–1.1), Cameroon] and lowest for wheelchairs (0.1% both settings; 95% CI 0.03–0.3 India, 95% CI 0.04–0.3 Cameroon). Coverage for each AP was below 40%, except for distance glasses in India, where it was 87% (95% CI 77.1–93.0). The agreement between self‐report and clinical impairment assessment of AP need was poor. For instance, in India, 60% of people identified through clinical assessment as needing distance glasses did not self‐report a need. Conversely, in India, 75% of people who self‐reported needing distance glasses did not require one based on clinical impairment assessment.ConclusionsThere is high need and low coverage of three APs in two low‐and middle‐income settings. Methodological shortcomings highlight the need for improved survey methods compatible with the international classification of functioning, disability and health to estimate population‐level need for AP and related services to inform advocacy and planning.
Application of Wray–Agarwal Turbulence Model in Flow Simulation of a Centrifugal Pump With Semispiral Suction Chamber
Authors: Ji Leilei , Li Wei , Shi Weidong , Agarwal Ramesh K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Wray–Agarwal (WA) turbulence model is selected to simulate the internal and external characteristics of a centrifugal pump with semispiral suction chamber; the numerical results are compared with the experimental data and computed results predicted by standard k–ε, renormalization group (RNG) k–ε, and shear stress transport (SST) k–ω turbulence models. The results show that the WA model could be effectively used to compute the energy performance of centrifugal pump under full range of operating conditions and gives higher accuracy than other models. Overall, the WA model shows closer similarity to the experimental data and gives more uniform flow field in the impeller region compared to that predicted by other models. In prediction of internal flow fields of the pump, overall the WA model is more accurate and efficient being a one-equation model. The control of undamped eddy viscosity variable R (= k/ω) in WA model does not allow the overestimation of turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent eddy frequency obtained with other models, which leads to its advantage in accurate prediction of both internal and external flow characteristics of centrifugal pump.
Establishing a Quantitative Endpoint for Transarterial Embolization From Real-Time Pressure Measurements
Authors: Gowda Prateek C. , Chen Victoria X. , Sobral Miguel C. , Bobrow Taylor L. , Romer Tatiana Gelaf , Palepu Anil K. , Guo Joanna Y. , Kim Dohyung J. , Tsai Andrew S. , Chen Steven , Weiss Clifford R. , Durr Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Transarterial embolization (TAE) is a standard-of-care treatment for tumors in which embolic particles are locally injected via a catheter to occlude blood flow and induce ischemia in the target tissue. Physicians currently rely on subjective visual cues from fluoroscopy in order to determine the procedural endpoint relative to the injection site. This contributes to highly variable treatment outcomes, including the accumulation of embolic particles in healthy tissue, called off-target embolization. To address this concern, we describe a novel, multilumen catheter that 1) measures real-time pressure upstream of the tumor site during TAE injection; and 2) associates that measurement with the volume of embolic particles injected. Using an in vitro silicon vascular model, we characterize the relationship between blood flow, intravascular pressure, and injection pressure. Furthermore, we identify a predictive pressure curve based on the volume of embolic particles injected. This approach has the potential to standardize and optimize TAE, reducing the likelihood of incomplete or off-target embolization, and improving patient outcomes.
Treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Kuroki Lindsay , Guntupalli Saketh R 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTOvarian cancer is the third most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide but accounts for the highest mortality rate among these cancers. A stepwise approach to assessment, diagnosis, and treatment is vital to appropriate management of this disease process. An integrated approach with gynecologic oncologists as well as medical oncologists, pathologists, and radiologists is of paramount importance to improving outcomes. Surgical cytoreduction to R0 is the mainstay of treatment, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Genetic testing for gene mutations that affect treatment is the standard of care for all women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Nearly all women will have a recurrence, and the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer continues to be nuanced and requires extensive review of up to date modalities that balance efficacy with the patient’s quality of life. Maintenance therapy with poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors, bevacizumab, and/or drugs targeting homologous recombination deficiency is becoming more widely used in the treatment of ovarian cancer, and the advancement of immunotherapy is further revolutionizing treatment targets.
Implementation of the therapeutic use of hydroxyurea for sickle cell disease management in resource-constrained settings: a systematic review of adoption, cost and acceptability
Authors: Ryan Nessa , Dike Lotanna , Ojo Temitope , Vieira Dorice , Nnodu Obiageli , Gyamfi Joyce , Peprah Emmanuel 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesMortality associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) is high in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Hydroxyurea, a medicine to effectively manage SCD, is not widely available in resource-constrained settings. We identified and synthesised the reported implementation outcomes for the therapeutic use of hydroxyurea for SCD in these settings.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science Plus, Global Health, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched February through May 2019 without any restrictions on publication date.Eligibility criteriaWe included empirical studies of hydroxyurea for management of SCD that were carried out in LMICs and reported on implementation outcomes.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion, carried out data extraction using Proctoret al.’s implementation and health service outcomes, and assessed the risk of bias using ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions).ResultsTwo cross-sectional surveys (n=2) and one cohort study (n=1) reported implementation of hydroxyurea for SCD management, namely regarding outcomes of adoption (n=3), cost (n=3) and acceptability (n=1). These studies were conducted exclusively among paediatric and adults populations in clinical settings in Nigeria (n=2) or Jamaica (n=1). Adoption is low, as observed through reported provider practices and patient adherence, in part shaped by misinformation and fear of side effects among patients, provider beliefs regarding affordability and organisational challenges with procuring the medicine. There was no difference in the cost of hydroxyurea therapy compared with blood transfusion in the paediatric population in urban Jamaica. Risk of bias was low or moderate across the included studies.ConclusionsThis review rigorously and systematically assessed the evidence on implementation of hydroxyurea in resource-constrained settings such as LMICs. Findings suggest that knowledge regarding implementation is low. To address the know-do gap and guide clinical practice, implementation research is needed. Integrating effective interventions into existing health systems to improve hydroxyurea uptake is essential to reducing SCD-associated mortality.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020155953.
What older adults and their caregivers need for making better health-related decisions at home: a participatory mixed methods protocol
Authors: Lai Claudia , Holyoke Paul , Plourde Karine V , Décary Simon , Légaré France 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionShared decision making is an interpersonal process whereby healthcare providers collaborate with and support patients in decision-making. Older adults receiving home care need support with decision-making. We will explore what older adults receiving home care and their caregivers need for making better health-related decisions.Methods and analysisThis two-phase sequential exploratory mixed methods study will be conducted in a pan-Canadian healthcare organisation, SE Health. First, we will create a participant advisory group to advise us throughout the research process. In phase 1 (qualitative), we will recruit a convenience sample of 15–30 older adults and caregivers receiving home care to participate in open-ended semi-structured interviews. Phase 1 participants will be invited to share what health-related decisions they face at home and what they need for making better decisions. In phase 2 (quantitative), interdisciplinary health and social care providers will be invited to answer a web-based survey to share their views on the decisional needs of older adults and their caregivers. The survey will include questions informed by findings from qualitative interviews in phase 1, and a workbook for assessing decisional needs based on the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. Finally, qualitative and quantitative results will be triangulated (by methods, investigator, theory and source) to develop a comprehensive understanding of decision-making needs from the perspective of older adults, caregivers and health and social care providers. We will use the quality of mixed methods studies in health services research guidelines and the Checklist for Reporting the Results of Internet E-Surveys checklist.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the research ethics boards at Southlake Regional Health Centre and Université Laval. This study will inform the design of decision support interventions. Further dissemination plans include summary briefs for study participants, tailored reports for home care decision makers and policy makers, and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT04327830.