bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical interferometry and Gaia measurement uncertainties reveal the physics of asymptotic giant branch stars
Authors: Chiavassa A. , Kravchenko K. , Millour F. , Schaefer G. , Schultheis M. , Freytag B. , Creevey O. , Hocdé V. , Morand F. , Ligi R. , Kraus S. , Monnier J. D. , Mourard D. , Nardetto N. , Anugu N. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Davies C. L. , Ennis J. , Gardner T. , Labdon A. , Lanthermann C. , Setterholm B. R. , ten Brummelaar T. 
Published: June 2020

Context. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are cool luminous evolved stars that are well observable across the Galaxy and populating Gaia data. They have complex stellar surface dynamics, which amplifies the uncertainties on stellar parameters and distances.
Aims. On the AGB star CL Lac, it has been shown that the convection-related variability accounts for a substantial part of the Gaia DR2 parallax error. We observed this star with the MIRC-X beam combiner installed at the CHARA interferometer to detect the presence of stellar surface inhomogeneities.
Methods. We performed the reconstruction of aperture synthesis images from the interferometric observations at different wavelengths. Then, we used 3D radiative hydrodynamics (RHD) simulations of stellar convection with CO5BOLD and the post-processing radiative transfer code OPTIM3D to compute intensity maps in the spectral channels of MIRC-X observations. Then, we determined the stellar radius using the average 3D intensity profile and, finally, compared the 3D synthetic maps to the reconstructed ones focusing on matching the intensity contrast, the morphology of stellar surface structures, and the photocentre position at two different spectral channels, 1.52 and 1.70 μm, simultaneously.
Results. We measured the apparent diameter of CL Lac at two wavelengths (3.299 ± 0.005 mas and 3.053 ± 0.006 mas at 1.52 and 1.70 μm, respectively) and recovered the radius (R = 307 ± 41 and R = 284 ± 38 R⊙) using a Gaia parallax. In addition to this, the reconstructed images are characterised by the presence of a brighter area that largely affects the position of the photocentre. The comparison with 3D simulation shows good agreement with the observations both in terms of contrast and surface structure morphology, meaning that our model is adequate for explaining the observed inhomogenities.
Conclusions. This work confirms the presence of convection-related surface structures on an AGB star of Gaia DR2. Our result will help us to take a step forward in exploiting Gaia measurement uncertainties to extract the fundamental properties of AGB stars using appropriate RHD simulations.
Activity of the Eta-Aquariid and Orionid meteor showers
Authors: Egal A. , Brown P. G. , Rendtel J. , Campbell-Brown M. , Wiegert P. 
Published: June 2020

Aims.We present a multi-instrumental, multidecadal analysis of the activity of the Eta-Aquariid and Orionid meteor showers for the purpose of constraining models of 1P/Halley’s meteoroid streams.Methods.The interannual variability of the showers’ peak activity and period of duration is investigated through the compilation of published visual and radar observations prior to 1985 and more recent measurements reported in the International Meteor Organization (IMO) Visual Meteor DataBase, by the IMO Video Meteor Network and by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR). These techniques probe the range of meteoroid masses from submilligrams to grams. Theη-Aquariids and Orionids activity duration, shape, maximum zenithal hourly rates values, and the solar longitude of annual peaks since 1985 are analyzed. When available, annual activity profiles recorded by each detection network were measured and are compared.Results.Observations from the three detection methods show generally good agreement in the showers’ shape, activity levels, and annual intensity variations. Both showers display several activity peaks of variable location and strength with time. Theη-Aquariids are usually two to three times stronger than the Orionids, but the two showers display occasional outbursts with peaks two to four times their usual activity level. CMOR observations since 2002 seem to support the existence of an ~12 yr cycle in Orionids activity variations; however, additional and longer term radar and optical observations of the shower are required to confirm such periodicity.
5-Jahres-Ergebnisse eines ambulanten, ärztlich betreuten Adipositastherapieprogramms
Authors: Becker Christine , Walle Hardy 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Übergewicht und Adipositas bestimmen zunehmend unseren Alltag. In Deutschland ist mehr als jeder Zweite übergewichtig, fast jeder Vierte adipös. Normalgewicht weist weniger als die Hälfte der Bevölkerung auf. Adipositas nimmt insbesondere in den jungen Altersklassen zu, sodass immer mehr eine adipöse Gesellschaft heranwächst. Dies stellt unsere Gesellschaft, den Arbeitsmarkt sowie das Gesundheits- und Sozialsystem vor neue Herausforderungen. Um diesen Entwicklungen nachhaltig begegnen zu können, sind alltagstaugliche Maßnahmen notwendig.
Material und Methodik 5-Jahres-Ergebnisse einer multizentrischen Erhebung von 135 adipösen Teilnehmern (46 Männer [34,1 %], 89 Frauen [65,9 %]) an einem 12-wöchigen, ambulanten, ärztlich betreuten Adipositastherapieprogramm. Anschließend besteht die Möglichkeit zur Teilnahme an einer Langzeitbetreuung. Die Kombination von Ernährungsumstellung, Verhaltensänderung und Steigerung der Bewegungsaktivität bilden die Programmschwerpunkte. Vorgestellt werden die Veränderungen von Körpergewicht, BMI und Körperzusammensetzung.
Ergebnisse Alle Gruppen (Gesamtgruppe, Männer, Frauen) erzielten eine kontinuierliche Gewichtsabnahme über mindestens 6 Monate – und damit über den 12-wöchigen Kursverlauf hinaus. Trotz Wiederzunahmen befand sich das mittlere Körpergewicht zu jedem Messzeitpunkt in allen Gruppen unter den Ausgangswerten. Nach 5 Jahren bestand in der Gesamtgruppe noch ein mittlerer Gewichtsverlust von 3,8 kg/3,6 % (P < 0,001). 41,5 % (N = 56) der Teilnehmer hatten ihr Körpergewicht zu diesem Zeitpunkt um mind. 5 %, 22,2 % (N = 30) um mind. 10 % vermindert. Die Gewichtsabnahme erfolgte überwiegend über Körperfett, bei Steigerung der relativen Anteile der stoffwechselaktiven Masse sowie des Körperwassers.
Schlussfolgerung Das vorgestellte, ambulante, ärztlich betreute Adipositastherapieprogramm bietet auch über 5 Jahre – und damit deutlich über den regulären Kurszeitraum hinaus – die Möglichkeit für eine deutliche Gewichtsabnahme, die überwiegend über Körperfett erfolgt.
Screening for New Markers to Assess Thyroid Hormone Action by OMICs
Analysis of Human Samples
Authors: Friedrich Nele , Pietzner Maik , Engelmann Beatrice , Homuth Georg , Führer Dagmar , Brabant Georg , Wallaschofski Henri , Völker Uwe 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTDetermination of the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free
thyroid hormones (fTHs) is crucial for assessing thyroid function. However,
as a result of inter-individual genetic variability and different
environmental factors individual set points exist for TSH and fTHs and
display considerable variation. Furthermore, under specific
pathophysiological conditions like central hypothyroidism, TSH secreting
pituitary tumors, or thyroid hormone resistance the established markers TSH
and fTH fail to reliably predict thyroid function and adequate supply of TH
to peripheral organs. Even in case of overt hyper- and hypothyroidism
circulating fTH concentrations do not correlate with clinical symptoms.
Therefore, there is a clear need for novel, more specific biomarkers to
diagnose and monitor thyroid function. OMICs screening approaches allow
parallel profiling of hundreds to thousands of molecules and thus
comprehensive monitoring of molecular alterations in tissues and body fluids
that might be associated with changes in thyroid function. These techniques
thus constitute promising tools for the identification of urgently needed
novel biomarkers. This mini review summarizes the findings of OMICs studies
in thyroid research with a particular focus on population-based and patient
studies as well as interventional approaches investigating the effects of
thyroid hormone administration.
Cryoballoon ablation for treatment of patients with refractory esophageal neoplasia after first line endoscopic eradication therapy
Authors: Alzoubaidi Durayd , Hussein Mohamed , Sehgal Vinay , Makahamadze Christwishes , Magee Cormac G. , Everson Martin , Graham David , Sweis Rami , Banks Matthew , Sami Sarmed S. , Novelli Marco , Lovat Laurence , Haidry Rehan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Cryoablation with the Cryoballoon device is a novel ablative therapy that uses cycles of freezing and thawing to induce cell death. This single-center prospective study evaluated the feasibility of the focal cryoablation device for the treatment of areas of refractory esophageal neoplasia in patients who had undergone first line endoscopic eradication therapy (EET). Complete remission of dysplasia (CR-D) and complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CR-IM) at first follow-up endoscopy, durability of disease reversal, rates of stenosis and adverse events were studied.
Patients and methods Eighteen cases were treated. At baseline, nine patients had low-grade dysplasia (LGD), six had high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and three had intramucosal carcinoma (IMC). Median length of dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus (BE) treated was 3 cm. The median number of ablations per patient was 11. Each selected area of visible dysplasia received 10 seconds of ablation. One session of cryoablation was performed per patient. Biopsies were performed at around 3 months post-ablation.
Results CR-D was achieved in 78 % and CR-IM in 39 % of patients. There were no device malfunction or adverse events. Stenosis was noted in 11 % of cases. At a median follow up of 19-months, CR-D was maintained in 72 % of patients and CR-IM in 33 %.
Conclusions Cryoablation appears to be a viable rescue strategy in patients with refractory neoplasia. It is well tolerated and successful in obtaining CR-D and CR-IM in patients with treatment-refractory BE. Further trials of dosimetry, efficacy and safety in treatment-naïve patients are underway.
Systemtherapie des Gallenblasenkarzinoms – alles wie beim Cholangiokarzinom?
Authors: Walter Dirk , Trojan Jörg , Waidmann Oliver 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungGenomische Analysen zeigten relevante Unterschiede zwischen Gallenblasenkarzinomen und extra- sowie intrahepatischen Cholangiokarzinomen. Diese Daten haben jedoch derzeit keinen Einfluss auf die Wahl systemischer Therapieansätze. In dieser Übersicht werden zunächst Epidemiologie, Pathogenese und molekulare Charakterisierung des Gallenblasenkarzinoms dargestellt und es wird auf Unterschiede im Vergleich zum intra- und extrahepatischen Cholangiokarzinom eingegangen. Die aktuellen Optionen in der Systemtherapie des Gallenblasenkarzinoms werden diskutiert und es wird ein Ausblick auf die derzeit in der Entwicklung befindlichen Therapien gegeben.
Outcomes of EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy as primary drainage for distal biliary obstruction with covered self-expandable metallic stents
Authors: Kuraoka Naosuke , Hara Kazuo , Okuno Nozomi , Kuwahara Takamichi , Mizuno Nobumasa , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Niwa Yasumasa , Terai Shuji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) is an alternative therapy for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Outcomes of EUS-CDS for distal biliary tract obstruction with a covered self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) as a primary drainage technique are unclear because there are few relevant reports. This study aimed to determine outcomes in patients undergoing EUS-CDS using SEMS as the primary drainage technique for malignant distal biliary duct obstruction.
Patients and methods This retrospective study was conducted at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, from January 2010 to July 2018, using data from our database.
Results EUS-CDS was performed as a primary drainage technique for 92 patients. The technical success rate was 92.8 %, and the clinical success rate was 91.6 %. The overall incidence of adverse events was 15.7 %. The median stent patency time for the EUS-CDS was 396 days. Nineteen patients required re-intervention because of cholangitis or jaundice.
Conclusion EUS-CDS as a primary drainage technique using SEMS has high technical and clinical success rates. It should be considered an effective drainage method with respect to long-term stent patency, low re-intervention rates, and absence of severe complications.
Interhemisphärische Kohärenzen des EEG als integrativer Leistungsindikator bei flugspezifischen Belastungen
Authors: Wirth Dietrich Oswald 
Published: June 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGNeue technische Voraussetzungen ermöglichen potenziell neue Ansätze zur Onlineüberwachung der zerebralen Leistungsfähigkeit von Piloten und könnten dadurch die Flugsicherheit erhöhen. In den eigenen Untersuchungen während der Beschleunigungen von +2,5, +3,0 und +3,5 Gz auf einer Hochleistungszentrifuge ließen sich dominierend statistisch signifikante Anstiege homo- und heterotop interhemisphärischer sowie intrahemisphärischer Kohärenzen vorzugsweise im Betaband nachweisen, die im Sinne einer zerebralen Aktivierung zu werten sind. Dagegen wiesen die homotop interhemisphärischen Kohärenzen während des Aufenthalts in den Höhen 18 000 und 25 000 ft statistisch signifikante Verminderungen auf. Diese generellen Änderungsrichtungen der Kohärenzen des EEG waren aber infolge erheblicher inter- und intraindividueller Variabilität der verschiedenen Kohärenzen in Bezug auf ihre Ableitpositionen und Frequenzbänder hinsichtlich ihrer Größe und ihrem zeitlichen Auftreten uneinheitlich. Dies betrifft sowohl die intraindividuelle Variabilität der Hypoxiesensitivität verschiedener Großhirnrindenbereiche als auch die interindividuellen Differenzen der interhemisphärischen Kohärenzen bei Beschleunigung +Gz und ihren statistischen Zusammenhang mit hormonellen Aktivierungsparametern.
Aromatherapie in der Palliativpflege
Authors: Demleitner Margret 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Palliativpflege versucht, so lange es geht, durch Verminderung des Leidens ein erfülltes Leben zu ermöglichen. Das Leid kann sowohl emotional als auch körperlich sein. Die Nähe des Todes macht den Patienten, den Angehörigen und auch den Behandlern oft Angst. Beklommenheit und Hilflosigkeit treten auf. Mit ätherischen Ölen kann eine Brücke zu den Sterbenden gebaut werden – die Angehörigen und Behandler haben die Möglichkeit, sich an der Pflege zu beteiligen und den Patienten eine Oase der Ruhe und des Friedens zu geben. Der Beitrag führt wichtige Aromaöle auf und zeigt anhand vieler Rezepturen deren Verwendung in der Palliativpflege.
Verbrennungen und Verbrühungen: Wundversorgung bei Kindern
Authors: Zuzak Tycho Jan , Michael Karin , Längler Alfred 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungBei Kindern steht die Häufigkeit von Brandverletzungen an dritter Stelle der Unfallursachen. Dabei sind mehr als 70 % dieser thermischen Verletzungen auf Schädigung durch Verbrühung zurückzuführen. Sind die betroffenen Hautareale eher klein und übersteigt die Verbrennungstiefe nicht den zweiten Grad, so können diese Verletzungen meist noch ambulant versorgt werden. Hier stehen die Vermeidung einer Wundinfektion und das schnelle und narbenfreie Abheilen der verletzten Haut im Vordergrund. Um dieses Behandlungsziel zu erreichen, entwickelten Ärzte der Abteilung für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin des Gemeinschaftskrankenhauses Herdecke ein Therapiekonzept unter Einsatz anthroposophischer Arzneimittel, mit denen im Praxisalltag sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden können. Im Folgenden wird dieses etablierte Therapiekonzept auf Basis der klinischen Erfahrungen aus dem Alltag vorgestellt und die wundheilungsfördernden pflanzlichen Bestandteile der verwendeten Arzneimittel werden erläutert.
Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography-guided versus endoscopic ultrasound-guided technique for pancreatic duct cannulation in patients with pancreaticojejunostomy stenosis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Basiliya Kirill , Veldhuijzen Govert , Gerges Christian , Maubach Johannes , Will Uwe , Elmunzer B. Joseph , Stommel Martijn W. J. , Akkermans Reinier , Siersema Peter D. , van Geenen Erwin-Jan M. 
Published: June 2020

Background Stenosis of the pancreaticojejunostomy is a well-known long-term complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Traditionally, the endoscopic approach consisted of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided intervention has emerged as an alternative, but the success rate and adverse event rate of both treatment modalities are poorly known. We aimed to compare the outcome data of both interventions.
Methods We performed a systematic literature search using the Pubmed/Medline and Embase databases in order to summarize the available data regarding efficacy and complications of ERP- and EUS-guided pancreatic duct (PD) drainage and compare these outcome data using uniform outcome measures in a multilevel logistic model.
Results 13 studies were included, involving 77 patients who underwent ERP-guided drainage, 145 who underwent EUS-guided drainage, and 12 patients who underwent both modalities. An EUS-guided approach was significantly superior to an ERP-guided approach with regard to pancreatic duct opacification (87 % vs. 30 %; P < 0.001), cannulation success (79 % vs. 26 %; P < 0.001), and stent placement (72 % vs. 20 %; P < 0.001). An EUS-guided approach also appeared superior with regard to clinical outcomes such a pain resolution. The adverse event rate between the two treatment modalities could not be compared due to insufficient data. All included studies were found to be of low quality.
Conclusion Based on limited available data, EUS-guided PD intervention appears superior to ERP-guided PD intervention.
Efficacy and safety of peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy for difficult biliary stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McCarty Thomas R. , Gulati Rishabh , Rustagi Tarun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy facilitates optically guided stone fragmentation of difficult biliary stones refractory to conventional endoscopic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy for difficult biliary stones.
Methods Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were performed in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Measured outcomes included overall fragmentation success, single-session fragmentation and duct clearance, and rate of adverse events. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed based upon cholangioscopy technique and type of lithotripsy (laser versus electrohydraulic). Heterogeneity was assessed with I
2 statistics. Publication bias was ascertained by funnel plot and Egger regression testing.
Results 35 studies were included with 1762 participants (43.4 % men; mean age 61.5 [standard deviation (SD) 11.0]). Prior cholecystectomy had been performed in 37 % of patients, with a mean number of 1.6 (SD 0.5) ERCPs performed prior to lithotripsy. Mean stone size was 1.8 (SD 0.3) cm. Peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy achieved an overall stone fragmentation success of 91.2 % (95 %CI 88.1 % – 93.6 %; I
2 = 63.2 %) with an average of 1.3 [SD 0.6] lithotripsy sessions performed. Complete single-session fragmentation success was 76.9 % (95 %CI 71.6 % – 81.4 %; I
2 = 74.3 %). The adverse events rate was 8.9 % (95 %CI 6.5 % – 12.2 %; I
2 = 60.6 %). Mean procedure time for peroral cholangioscopy was 67.1 (SD 21.4) minutes. There was no difference in overall fragmentation rate or adverse events; however, laser lithotripsy was associated with a higher single-session fragmentation rate and shorter procedure time compared with electrohydraulic lithotripsy.
Conclusions Peroral cholangioscopy with intraductal lithotripsy appears to be a relatively safe and effective modality for difficult biliary stones.
Endoscopic filling with polyglycolic acid sheets and fibrin glue of persistent fistula after esophagectomy
Authors: Tashiro Kousei , Takeno Shinsuke , Kawano Fumiaki , Kitamura Eiji , Hamada Rouko , Ikenoue Makoto , Munakata Shun , Nanashima Atsushi , Nakamura Kunihide 
Published: June 2020

Background Treatment of anastomotic leakage in reconstruction after esophagectomy remains challenging. This report presents a new endoscopic filling method for persistent fistula after failure of conservative treatment of leakage caused by anastomotic insufficiency.
Methods 10 of 14 patients, in whom post-esophagectomy leakage had failed to resolve after 2 weeks of conservative treatment, underwent endoscopic filling with polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet and fibrin glue into the anastomotic leakage site, using a delivery tube and endoscopic catheter, respectively.
Results Each patient underwent jejunostomy, to secure nutrition. The leakage was resolved in all 10 patients. The mean number of PGA – fibrin glue procedures was 1.7. The mean period from the first application to the resumption of oral intake was 31.6 days, from the final application it was 14.7 days.
Conclusions The reported filling method offers a new endoscopic approach for persistent fistula after esophagectomy when conservative treatment of leakage has failed.
Usefulness of mean number of adenomas per positive screenee for identifying meticulous endoscopists among those who achieve acceptable adenoma detection rates
Authors: Aniwan Satimai , Vanduangden Kunvadee , Kerr Stephen J. , Wisedopas Naruemon , Kongtab Natanong , Kullavanijaya Pinit , Rerknimitr Rungsun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a quality indicator for colonoscopy. However, many missed adenomas have subsequently been identified after colonoscopies performed by endoscopists with ADR ≥ 25 %. Adenomas per positive participant (APP; mean number of adenomas detected by an endoscopist among screenees with positive findings) correlates well inversely with adenoma miss rate. This study aimed to evaluate whether APP added additional information on the detection rate for advanced adenomas (AADR) and proximal adenomas (pADR) and among endoscopists with acceptable ADRs (≥ 25 %).
Methods A total of 47 endoscopists performed 7339 screening colonoscopies that were retrospectively reviewed. Using a cutoff APP value of 2.0, endoscopist performance was classified as high or low APP. Endoscopist ADRs were also classified as acceptable (25 % – 29 %), high standard (30 % – 39 %) and aspirational (≥ 40 %). Generalized linear models were used to assess the relationship between AADR or pADR, and ADR and APP, after adjusting for potential confounders.
Results After adjusting for endoscopist performance and patient characteristics, endoscopists with high APP had a significant 2.1 percentage point increase in AADR (95 %CI 0.3 to 3.9; P = 0.02) and a 2.1 percentage point increase in pADR (95 %CI – 0.8 to 5.1; P = 0.15) compared to endoscopists with low APP. In total, 11 (24 %), 18 (38 %), and 18 (38 %) endoscopists were classified as having acceptable, high standard, and aspirational ADRs, respectively. APP values higher than the cutoff were found in 18 %, 44 %, and 72 % of endoscopists with acceptable, high standard, and aspirational ADRs, respectively (P = 0.02).
Conclusion APP is helpful for identifying more meticulous endoscopists who can detect a greater number of advanced adenomas. Endoscopists who achieved an only acceptable ADR had the lowest APP.