bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping with Sea-Level Rise in African Protected Areas: Priorities for Action and Adaptation Measures
Authors: Brito José C , Naia Marisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSea-level rise, a consequence of climate change, is progressively affecting coastal areas around the globe. In turn, protected areas are keystones for protecting coastal biodiversity and the ecosystems services ensuring sustainable livelihoods. Effective management and adaptation plans are needed to maintain ecological function and integrity. In the present article, we used a coastal digital elevation model to simulate inundation surfaces and a prioritization index for ranking management interventions in 278 coastal protected areas from 27 African countries. Of these, 15 areas and eight countries demonstrated a high need for proactive management actions because of high levels of biodiversity, international conservation relevance, and exposure to sea-level rise. From the array of management actions available, tailored solutions are being implemented according to the morphology and location of the areas. Concerted action by international, government, and local partners is required for successful protection of the areas, including implementation of adaptive plans and monitoring progress schemes.
Disparity between morphology and genetics inUrtica dioica(Urticaceae)
Authors: Rejlová Ludmila , Böhmová Alžběta , Chumová Zuzana , Hořčicová Šárka , Josefiová Jiřina , Schmidt Philipp-André , Trávníček Pavel , Urfus Tomáš , Vít Petr , Chrtek Jindřich 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolyploidization is generally considered a major evolutionary force that can alter the genetic diversity, morphology, physiology and ecology of plants. One striking example is the polyploid Urtica dioica complex, in which diploid taxa are often found in remote and partly relictual geographical ranges, in contrast to tetraploid individuals, which have an unknown evolutionary history and occur in a variety of synanthropic habitats. We used a set of 279 plants, evenly representing the geographical and morphological variation of U. dioica s.l. in Europe and Southwest Asia, and employed multivariate and geometric morphometrics and Hyb-Seq sequencing to estimate the extent of differentiation of diploid taxa and the ubiquitous tetraploid cytotype. Diploid subspecies form more-or-less separate clusters in morphological analyses, but our molecular evaluation did not reveal any structure. Moreover, tetraploids coalesced with diploids in both morphological and molecular analyses. This disparity between morphological and molecular data might be driven by (1) local adaptation of the diploid cytotype that is mirrored in specific phenotypes, (2) only recent genetic diversification of the group and (3) homoploid and heteroploid hybridization events.
Response of Protective Enzymes in Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to Two Leguminous Plants
Authors: Liu Li , Hou Xiao-Lin , Yue Wen-Bo , Xie Wen , Zhang Tao , Zhi Jun-Rui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is a major invasive pest of commercially important crops worldwide. We compared the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) and the expressions of two putative SOD and two putative POD sequences in second instar larvae and adults after three generations of adaptation to kidney bean and broad bean plants. The results showed that the SOD, POD, and CAT activities in adults were significantly higher than those in the second instar larvae. The SOD activities were significantly higher in both the second instar larvae and the adults fed on kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants versus broad bean (Vicia faba) plants, whereas the POD and CAT activities showed the opposite trend. The gene expression data showed that the FoPOD-2 expression levels were lower in the second instar larvae after three generations of feeding on broad bean plants versus kidney bean plants. The expression levels of FoSOD-1 and FoSOD-2, and FoPOD-1 under broad bean plant treatment were higher than those under kidney bean plant treatment. Additionally, gene expression fluctuated among the different generations. Our results indicated that western flower thrips demonstrated plasticity in gene expression and activity of protective enzymes, which is related to their adaptability to the host plants. Western flower thrips can change the expression of protective enzyme genes and enzyme activity in vivo to better adapt to kidney bean and broad bean plants.
Drug-induced ‘Torsade de Pointes’ in a COVID-19 patient despite discontinuation of chloroquine. Importance of its long half-life: a case report
Authors: Semedo Edimir , Kapel Gijs F , van Opstal Jurren , van Dessel Pascal F H M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Early studies have led to the repositioning of a subgroup of antimalarial agents (e.g. chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) as antiviral treatment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. These drugs are now being prescribed based on small non-controlled studies, but larger controlled studies have yet to demonstrate the positive effect of these drugs. In addition, these drugs are also known for their QT interval-prolonging effect associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Case summary
We present a case of a 66-year-old female admitted to the intensive care unit with respiratory failure due to COVID-19. She was treated with chloroquine (QTc interval at baseline was 429 ms). Despite cessation of chloroquine, but after the start of erythromycin, she developed severe QTc interval prolongation (QTc interval 550 ms) and ‘Torsade de Pointes’. Two weeks after cessation of all QTc interval-prolonging drugs, the QTc interval was restored.

Discussion
The elimination half-life of chloroquine ranges from days up to weeks. Even after discontinuation of chloroquine, ECG monitoring in COVID-19 patients is warranted. We recommend observation of the QT interval after cessation of chloroquine in cases where other potentially QT interval-prolonging drugs are introduced.
The impact of EU cartel policy reforms on the timing of settlements in private follow-on damages disputes—an empirical assessment of cases from 2001 to 2015
Authors: Friederiszick Hans W. , Gratz Linda , Rauber Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Private cartel damages litigation is on the rise in Europe since early 2000. This development has been initiated by the European courts and was supported by various policy initiatives of the European Commission, which found its culmination in the implementation of the EU Directive on Antitrust Damages end of 2016. This article explores the impact of this reform process on effective compensation of damaged parties of cartel infringements. For that purpose, we analyse all European cartel cases with a decision date between 2001 and 2015, for which we analyse litigation activity and speed. Overall, we find a substantial reduction of the time until the first settlement (increase in litigation speed) together with a persisting high share of cases being litigated (high litigation activity). This supports the view that the reform not only increased the claimant’s expectation about the amount of damages being awarded but also resulted in an alignment in the expectations of claimants and defendants in the final damages amount, ie the European Commission succeeded in reaching its objective to clarify and harmonize legal concepts across Europe.
Results Multi-Laboratory Trial ISO/CD 22184 – IDF/WD 244: Milk and milk products – Determination of the sugar contents – High performance anion exchange chromatography method with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD)
Authors: Brunt Kommer , Sanders Peter , Nota Veronica Ernste , van Soest J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
In this international Multi Laboratory Trial (MLT) the precision data and the accuracy of the ISO/CD 22184 IDF/WD 244 analytical method for the quantification of 6 different mono- and disaccharides (galactose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose and maltose) in milk and milk products with high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) are established.

Objective
Thirteen different laboratories participated (located in New Zealand, United States, Europe). The study was divided into two parts. Firstly, the learning/familiarization part in which the participants got experienced with the method. After successfully completing this part, the participants were allowed to continue with the second part of this trial: the analyses of the seven blind MLT duplicate samples.

Method
The selected seven MLT samples comprise five MUVA reference dairy samples, one NIST certified infant formula and one industrial sample. In the Tables S-1 to S-6 the results of this MLT study have been summarized per sugar. There is a very good agreement between the MUVA and NIST certified sugar contents in the MLT samples and the in the MLT established sugar contents in those MUVA and NIST samples.

Results
This demonstrates that the accuracy of the newly developed HPAEC-PAD method is very good.

Conclusions
Certificates of analysis were available for both the MUVA samples and the NIST sample. There is a very good agreement between the by MUVA and NIS certified sugar contents in the MLT samples and the corresponding in the MLT established sugar contents. This demonstrates that the accuracy of the HPAEC-PAD method is very good.
In the IDF/ISO Analytical Week in June 2019 in Prague the report on the MLT study were discussed and adopted.
Intravenous Albumin in Patients With Cirrhosis: Evaluation of Practice Patterns and Secular Trends of Usage in Ontario 2000 to 2017
Authors: Rodrigues David Mario , Djerboua Maya , Flemming Jennifer A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Intravenous (IV) albumin has evidence-based indications in cirrhosis that are limited in most guidelines to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and large volume paracentesis (LVP).
This study aimed to describe the trends of IV albumin usage in patients with cirrhosis at the population level and evaluate indications for IV albumin in the hospital setting.

Methods
A retrospective study identified albumin infusions in health care data from Ontario, Canada between 2000 and 2017 in those with and without cirrhosis. Annual rates of IV albumin by cirrhosis status were calculated per 10,000 person-years (PY) and described using Poisson regression and rate ratios. Secondly, patients with cirrhosis receiving IV albumin while hospitalized at Kingston Health Sciences Centre (KHSC) in 2017 were identified and underwent detailed chart abstraction to determine the reason for IV albumin administration.

Results
The overall rate of provincial IV albumin usage doubled over the study period (2000: 8.4/10,000 PY versus 2017: 16.3/10,000 PY; rate ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.90 to 1.99, P &lt;0.001). The majority of albumin was used during hospitalization (88%) and 22% was used in patients with cirrhosis. At KHSC, there were134 admissions where a patient with cirrhosis received IV albumin. Of these, 49% of prescriptions were for evidence-based indications (LVP 30%, type 1 HRS 10%, SBP 10%), whereas other indications included non-HRS renal failure, hypovolemia and sepsis.

Conclusion
IV albumin use has doubled over two decades and is frequently used in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis with only 50% being prescribed for evidence-based indications. These results highlight the impact of cirrhosis on albumin use and highlight potential quality improvement opportunities.
Modified Green–Lindsay thermoelasticity wave propagation in elastic materials under thermal shocks
Authors: Shakeriaski Farshad , Ghodrat Maryam , Escobedo-Diaz Juan , Behnia Masud 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, a nonlinear numerical method is presented to solve the governing equations of generalized thermoelasticity in a large deformation domain of an elastic medium subjected to thermal shock. The main focus of the study is on the modified Green–Lindsay thermoelasticity theory, solving strain and temperature rate-dependent model using finite strain theory. To warrant the continuity of the finding responses at the boundary after the applied shock, higher order elements are adopted. An analytical solution is provided to validate the numerical findings and an acceptable agreement between the two presented solutions is obtained. The findings revealed that stress and thermal waves have distinct interactions and a harmonic temperature variation may lead to a systematic uniform stress distribution. Besides, a notable difference in the results predicted by the modified Green–Lindsay model and classic theory is observed. It is also found that the modified Green–Lindsay theory is more efficient in determining the wave propagation phenomenon. Furthermore, the findings established that thermal shock induces tensile stresses in the structure immediately after the shock, and the perceived phenomenon mainly depends on the defined boundary conditions. The results show that the strain rate can have a significant influence on the displacement and stress wave propagation in a structure subjected to thermal shock and these impacts may be more considerable with mechanical loading.
X-Linked Signature of Reproductive Isolation in Humans is Mirrored in a Howler Monkey Hybrid Zone
Authors: Baiz Marcella D , Tucker Priscilla K , Mueller Jacob L , Cortés-Ortiz Liliana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReproductive isolation is a fundamental step in speciation. While sex chromosomes have been linked to reproductive isolation in many model systems, including hominids, genetic studies of the contribution of sex chromosome loci to speciation for natural populations are relatively sparse. Natural hybrid zones can help identify genomic regions contributing to reproductive isolation, like hybrid incompatibility loci, since these regions exhibit reduced introgression between parental species. Here, we use a primate hybrid zone (Alouatta palliata × Alouatta pigra) to test for reduced introgression of X-linked SNPs compared to autosomal SNPs. To identify X-linked sequence in A. palliata, we used a sex-biased mapping approach with whole-genome re-sequencing data. We then used genomic cline analysis with reduced-representation sequence data for parental A. palliata and A. pigra individuals and hybrids (n = 88) to identify regions with non-neutral introgression. We identified ~26 Mb of non-repetitive, putatively X-linked genomic sequence in A. palliata, most of which mapped collinearly to the marmoset and human X chromosomes. We found that X-linked SNPs had reduced introgression and an excess of ancestry from A. palliata as compared to autosomal SNPs. One outlier region with reduced introgression overlaps a previously described “desert” of archaic hominin ancestry on the human X chromosome. These results are consistent with a large role for the X chromosome in speciation across animal taxa and further, suggest shared features in the genomic basis of the evolution of reproductive isolation in primates.
Evol2Circos: A Web-Based Tool for Genome Synteny and Collinearity Analysis and its Visualization in Fishes
Authors: Pandey Manmohan , Kushwaha Basdeo , Kumar Ravindra , Srivastava Prachi , Saroj Suman , Singh Mahender 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The advent of high throughput next-generation sequencing technologies and improved assembly algorithms have resulted in the accumulation of voluminous genomic data in public domains. These technologies have opened up entries for large scale comparative genome studies, especially the identification of conserved syntenic blocks among species, facilitating studies of the evolutionary importance of the conservation and variation in genomic organization. Synteny construction and visualization require computational and bioinformatics skills to prepare input files for the synteny analysis pipeline. The syntenic information for fishes is still in a juvenile stage and is scattered among different research domains. Here, we present a web-based tool “Evol2Circos” to provide a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) to analyze user-specific data for synteny construction and visualization, and to facilitate the browsing of syntenic information of different fishes using the Circos, bar, dual, and dot plots. The information generated from the tool can also be used for further downstream analyses. Evol2Circos software tool is tested under Ubuntu Linux. The web-browser, source code, documentation, user manual, example dataset and scripts are available online at 203.190.147.148/evole2circos/
Sampling Efficacy and Survival Rates of Labarrus pseudolividus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Using Flotation and Sieve-Separation Methodology
Authors: Fowler Fallon , Wilcox Tashiana , Orr Stephanie , Watson Wes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding collection methodologies and their limitations are essential when targeting specific arthropods for use in habitat restoration, conservation, laboratory colony formation, or when holistically representing local populations using ecological surveys. For dung beetles, the most popular collection methodology is baited traps, followed by light traps and unbaited flight-intercept traps during diversity surveys. A less common collection method, flotation, is assumed to be laborious and messy, and so only a handful of papers exist on its refinement and strengths. Our purpose was threefold: First, we tested the recovery and survival rates of Labarrus (=Aphodius) pseudolividus (Balthasar) and Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) when floating beetle-seeded dung pats to determine potential collection and safety issues. We collected 72.4 and 78% of the seeded L. pseudolividus and O. taurus, respectively, with &gt;95% survival rating. Second, we developed a flotation-sieving technique that enables users to rapidly collect and passively sort dung beetles with less time and effort. Specifically, we often collected 50–100 g of wild dung beetles within a couple of hours of gathering dung and sorted them in a couple more by allowing dung beetles to sort themselves by size within a series of sieves; Third, we reviewed flotation-based advantages and disadvantages in comparison to other methodologies.
Advance care planning in Asian culture
Authors: Cheng Shao-Yi , Lin Cheng-Pei , Chan Helen Yue-lai , Martina Diah , Mori Masanori , Kim Sun-Hyun , Ng Raymond 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAgeing has been recognized as one of the most critically important health-care issues worldwide. It is relevant to Asia, where the increasing number of older populations has drawn attention to the paramount need for health-care investment, particularly in end-of-life care. The advocacy of advance care planning is a mean to honor patient autonomy. Since most East Asian countries are influenced by Confucianism and the concept of ‘filial piety,’ patient autonomy is consequently subordinate to family values and physician authority. The dominance from family members and physicians during a patient’s end-of-life decision-making is recognized as a cultural feature in Asia. Physicians often disclose the patient’s poor prognosis and corresponding treatment options to the male, family member rather to the patient him/herself. In order to address this ethical and practical dilemma, the concept of ‘relational autonomy’ and the collectivism paradigm might be ideally used to assist Asian people, especially older adults, to share their preferences on future care and decision-making on certain clinical situations with their families and important others. In this review article, we invited experts in end-of-life care from Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan to briefly report the current status of advance care planning in each country from policy, legal and clinical perspectives. According to the Asian experiences, we have seen different models of advance care planning implementation. The Asian Delphi Taskforce for advance care planning is currently undertaken by six Asian countries and a more detailed, culturally sensitive whitepaper will be published in the near future.
Genome-Wide Screening ofAedes aegypti(Culicidae: Diptera) Populations From Northwestern Argentina: Active and Passive Dispersal Shape Genetic Structure
Authors: Maffey Lucía , Garzón Maximiliano J , Confalonieri Viviana , Chanampa Mariana M , Hasson Esteban , Schweigmann Nicolás 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAedes aegypti is the primary vector of arboviruses of great impact on human health. Our goal was to assess the spatial genetic structure of Ae. aegypti at the regional and local levels in Northwestern Argentina, an area with high prevalence of dengue fever. We analyzed 59 Ae. aegypti individuals collected from six locations in Northwestern Argentina using nuclear genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) generated with double digest Restriction-site Associated DNA Sequencing. We also performed an entomological survey in 70 households in the cities of Orán and Tartagal. An analysis at the regional level indicated that the populations of Ae. aegypti in Northwestern Argentina are spatially structured and present a significant IBD pattern. Our results suggest that passive transport of eggs/immature stages, in both northward and southward directions, plays an important role in structuring Ae. aegypti populations at a regional scale and also as a source for the introduction of novel genetic variants through migration events into established populations. At a local level, we found neither spatial genetic structure nor significant isolation by distance (IBD) in Tartagal, indicating high gene flow within the city and active dispersal. In contrast, samples from Orán formed two clusters with a significant IBD pattern, although weaker than that at a regional level. Both populations showed signs of recent bottleneck events, probably coincident with past eradication campaigns. The entomological survey revealed a high prevalence of Ae. aegypti in both cities, although significantly higher in Tartagal.
New evidence defining the evolutionary path of aquaporins regulating silicon uptake in land plants
Authors: Deshmukh Rupesh , Sonah Humira , Belanger Richard R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Understanding the evolution events defining silicon (Si) uptake in plant species is important for the efficient exploration of Si-derived benefits. In the present study, Si accumulation was studied in 456 diverse plant species grown in uniform field conditions, and in a subset of 151 species grown under greenhouse conditions, allowing efficient comparison among the species. In addition, a systematic analysis of nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins III (NIP-III), which form Si channels, was performed in &gt;1000 species to trace their evolutionary path and link with Si accumulation. Significant variations in Si accumulation were observed among the plant species studied. For their part, species lacking NIP-IIIs systematically showed low Si accumulation. Interestingly, seven NIP-IIIs were identified in three moss species, namely Physcomitrella patens, Andreaea rupestris, and Scouleria aquatica, indicating that the evolution of NIP-IIIs dates back as early as 515 million years ago. These results were further supported from previous reports of Si deposition in moss fossils estimated to be from around the Ordovician era. The taxonomical distribution provided in the present study will be helpful for several other disciplines, such as palaeoecology and geology, that define the biogeochemical cycling of Si. In addition to the prediction of Si uptake potential of plant species based on sequence information and taxonomical positioning, the evolutionary path of the Si uptake mechanism described here will be helpful to understand the Si environment over the different eras of land plant evolution.