bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geodesic domes for planetary exploration
Authors: Ossola Enrico , Brusa Eugenio , Sesana Raffaella 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Venus and the Ocean Worlds are emerging areas of interest for space exploration, as they can potentially host, or have hosted, conditions compatible with life. Landers and probes for in-situ exploration, however, must deal with very high external pressure, due to the environmental conditions, often resulting in thick and heavy structures. Robust, reinforced shell structures can provide a lightweight solution for the primary structure. In this frame, the isogrid layout is already a standard in aerospace, especially for flat panels or cylindrical shells. In this paper, isogrid-stiffened hemispherical shells, or “geodesic domes”, are described, focusing on the case of a concept of a Venus lander. Early design methods for both plain and geodesic domes subjected to external pressure are presented, providing design equations. Additive Manufacturing is identified as the key technology for fabricating metallic geodesic domes, due to the complexity of the internal features. Moreover, it allows to fabricate ports and integrated thermostructural systems in the same process, potentially resulting in improved performance or cost and schedule savings.
Using binary operations to construct a transitive set of block transformations
Authors: Cherednik Igor V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study the set of transformations {ΣF : F∈ 𝓑∗(Ω)} implemented by a network Σ with a single binary operation F, where 𝓑∗(Ω) is the set of all binary operations on Ω that are invertible as function of the second variable. We state a criterion of bijectivity of all transformations from the family {ΣF : F∈ 𝓑∗(Ω)} in terms of the structure of the network Σ, identify necessary and sufficient conditions of transitivity of the set of transformations {ΣF : F∈ 𝓑∗(Ω)}, and propose an efficient way of verifying these conditions. We also describe an algorithm for construction of networks Σ with transitive sets of transformations {ΣF : F∈ 𝓑∗(Ω)}.
Thermal physical properties of the golden pomfret at low temperatures
Authors: Zhao Yuanheng , Xu Xiafan , Chen Liubiao , Ji Wei , Guo Jia , Wang Junjie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Food thermal properties are essential for calculating freezing time and analyzing energy cost during food freezing or thawing. However, there are currently few data or models of physical properties for foods below −40 °C (e.g., thermal conductivity of food at lower temperatures are lacked due to limitations of device testing below −40 °C). In this paper, the thermophysical parameters of golden pomfret were tested in the temperature range from −100 °C to room temperature. The freezing point was determined. The specific heat and enthalpy of golden pomfret were measured by using a DSC, and the thermal conductivity was measured by a novel self-designed device cooled by a pulse tube cryocooler that can give low temperatures to −253 °C. Finally, the temperature profile obtained by numerical calculation was consistent with experimental results, which proves that predicted models of thermal physical properties in this work will provide reliable data support for the cryogenic freezing of food.
Theory of Law, Jurilinguistics and Legal Language: A common task
Authors: Bittar Eduardo C. B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper sets a clear interdisciplinary boundary of the joint work between the Theory of Law and Jurilinguistics, surrounding the role of legal language. The paper attempts to contemplate the challenges of the globalization of Law in the 21st century, and launches the challenge of the formation of a common place, to be established by political language and legal language, in order to favour the procedural and gradual development of Global Law. Thus, today, in the period of transition between international law and cosmopolitan law, the regulation of global life increasingly demanding of translation professionals. For this reason, when practising legal translation, their contribution is not limited to the transition from language a quo to language ad quem, but to the construction of classes that form a tertium, and it is from this residue of translation processes that it starts to open itself to the possibility of a legal expertise common to everybody starts to open up. Jurilinguistics has the task of collating and systemising these practices, to contribute to the Theory of Law, towards achieving the new scale of the project of modernity, that is, the formation of transnational justice.
Brave New Curriculum: Aotearoa New Zealand History and New Zealand’s Schools
Authors: Belgrave Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Public history in New Zealand since the 1990s has been often dominated by the need to acknowledge New Zealand’s colonial past. Included in the British Empire by treaty in 1840 between the British Crown and its indigenous tribes, New Zealand’s European population has often idealized the country’s race relations. In recent decades, Māori assertiveness has led to a greater recognition of the damage done to Māori communities as New Zealand increasingly became a settler society. Inquiries into New Zealand’s colonial history since the 1980s have led to new settlements between Crown and iwi (tribal authorities). Demands that New Zealand’s colonial history be part of the school curriculum have also increased over this time. New Zealand’s decentralized social science and social studies curricula have been largely non-prescriptive, meaning that most children get little grounding in New Zealand’s history. In September 2019, the government announced that New Zealand history would become compulsory by the beginning of the 2022 school year. Defining this curriculum poses significant challenges to the country in a short period of time, challenges compounded by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Advantages of tunnel monitoring using distributed fibre optic sensing
Authors: Buchmayer Fabian , Monsberger Christoph Martin , Lienhart Werner 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Predictive maintenance and safety assessment during the construction and operational phase are becoming more and more important in modern tunnelling. However, traditional measurement methods are often time-consuming, expensive and partially require an interruption of the tunnel traffic. In this article, we present a tunnel monitoring approach based on distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS), which delivers hundreds of strain and temperature sensing points inside the structure and gives completely new information about the behaviour of the tunnel lining. Measurements can be performed automatically without the need of access to the tunnel and hence, monitoring can be made without disturbing the tunnel construction or operation. The developed system was installed within the shotcrete tunnel lining of a railway tunnel under construction in Austria. In addition to the critical installation process, this article discusses the main monitoring results and compares them to conventional measurements.
Characteristics of seasonal variations and noises of the daily double-difference and PPP solutions
Authors: Maciuk Kamil , Vārna Inese , Xu Chang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Long term GNSS observations provided by networks of the continuously operating reference stations (CORS) allow for determination of the global and local tectonic plate movements and seasonal variations. In recent years, PPP (Precise Point Positioning) technique has become increasingly popular and most likely in the future will replace relative positioning with CORS stations. In this paper, we discuss the difference of the velocity and seasonal component estimates of 25 Latvian CORS stations on the basis of daily PPP solutions from the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory and double-difference solutions from the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics of the University of Latvia. Time series of each coordinate component for 9-year time period were determined by the usage of the Tsview software and seasonal existence of linear, annual, semi-annual factors and their uncertainties were determined. Breaks (e. g., antenna and receiver changes) were also taken into account. We then assessed the noise characteristics of these time series with the use of overlapping Hadamard variance (OHVAR). The result shows that OHVAR is computationally cheap, and the dominating power-law noise, including flicker and random walk. However Hadamard deviation of the PPP and double-difference solutions scatters differently for a whole year averaging time due to the different GNSS data strategies.
Evaluation of multipath mitigation performance using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based signal selection methods
Authors: Uaratanawong Valanon , Satirapod Chalermchon , Tsujii Toshiaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Satellite signal strength sometimes decreases when multipath exists. This effect reduces signal quality and can lead to a large static positioning error, even the survey-grade receivers are used. Three signal selection methods based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements were proposed. The first was the conventional method, based on elevation-dependent average SNR, the second used a moving average of SNR fluctuation and the third method used NLOS exclusion based on SNR residual clustering by the K-means algorithm. To evaluate the positioning accuracy improvement, the static 1 Hz single-point positioning (SPP) test was performed in real-time in two different multipath environments using both dual and quad- constellation GNSS receivers. Trimble and CHC receivers were used at each point to examine the effect on each measurement. Results indicated that the three proposed methods mainly reduced multipath error in horizontal direction compared with the normal SPP.
Year by year closure adjustment of global mean sea level budget, inclusive of lumped snow, water vapor, and permafrost mass components
Authors: Iz H. Bâki , Shum C. K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Global mean sea level budget is rigorously adjusted during the period 2005–2015 with an emphasis on closing the budget on a year by year basis as opposed to using linear trends of global mean sea level components. The adjustment also accounts for the effect of snow, water vapor, and permafrost mass components as a lump sum. The approach provides better resolution for evaluating individual contribution of each budget component year by year in tandem with the other components. Year by year budget misclosures and the confidence intervals of the year by year adjusted budget components are suggestive of an increasing non-linearity in satellite altimetry derived global mean sea level measurements starting in 2012, which are not present in the other components. The solution also generates time series iteratively for the lumped snow, water vapor, and permafrost mass components as well as an estimate for its linear trend, 0.06±0.59 mm/yr. Nonetheless, its standard error is markedly large because of the un-modeled variability in satellite altimetry observed yearly averaged global mean sea level anomalies.
Implementierung schulischer Tabakkontrolle
Authors: Mlinarić Martin , Richter Matthias 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Wirksamkeit rauchfreier Schulen hinsichtlich der sekundärpräventiven Verhinderung jugendlichen Rauchens hängt vom Modus der Implementierung ab. Für den deutschen Kontext gibt es wenig verlässliche Daten zur Implementierung schulischer Tabakkontrolle. Der Beitrag diskutiert den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Implementierung rauchfreier Schulen und stellt deskriptive Daten aus der deutschen Teilstichprobe der EU-finanzierten Studie SILNE-R vor.
Das elterliche Nein
Authors: Kollmer Imke 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag setzt sich theoretisch und fallrekonstruktiv mit einem prägnanten Phänomen familialer Interaktion in der Öffentlichkeit auseinander. Im Zentrum steht hierbei die kindliche Artikulation eines Konsumwunsches gegenüber den Eltern beim gemeinsamen Einkauf und deren darauf folgende Versagung. In Anschluss an die Kritische Theorie werden der Konsumwunsch und die Vorstellung der Bedürfnisbefriedigung durch Konsum als durch die Gesellschaftlich vermittelt darlegt. Demgegenüber steht die strukturell notwendige Versagungserfahrung, die sich wiederum primär in erzieherischen Interaktionen zwischen Eltern und Kind konstituiert. Der Beitrag plädiert abschließend für eine systematische Verknüpfung konkreter Erziehungswirklichkeiten mit dem Potential eines analytischen Zugriffs auf die Kategorie der Negativität.
KESENJANGAN GENDER PADA PEMANFAATAN PERIKANAN SKALA KECIL DI KABUPATEN NATUNA
Authors: Zulham Armen , Hafsaridewi Rani , Hikmah Hikmah , Soejarwo Permana Ari , Yanti Bayu Vita Indah 
Published: December 2020

Kesenjangan gender atau perbedaan peran laki-laki dan perempuan terhadap akses dan kontrol dalam pengambilan keputusan pada aktivitas perikanan skala kecil di Kabupaten Natuna masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesenjangan gender pada pemanfaatan perikanan skala kecil di Kabupaten Natuna; dan merumuskan strategi untuk mencapai kesetaraan gender. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang terpilah gender. Data primer dikumpulkan pada bulan Agustus 2019 terhadap 52 responden nelayan penangkap ikan skala kecil di 5 (lima) kecamatan di Pulau Bunguran – Kabupaten Natuna. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan software excel untuk memperoleh persentase tiga keputusan responden pada 5 kecamatan tersebut. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pengambilan keputusan pada perikanan skala kecil di Kabupaten Natuna masih didominasi oleh laki-laki. Kesenjangan gender terjadi pada aktivitas persiapan penangkapan ikan, kegiatan penangkapan ikan di laut, paska panen (penangkapan) ikan. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Natuna perlu merancang program stimulasi ekonomi untuk membuka lapangan kerja bagi perempuan dan memberi peluang partisipasi terhadap istri nelayan dalam pengambilan keputusan, dengan melibatkannya dalam kegiatan pelelangan ikan di tempat pelelangan ikan (TPI) atau pengurus armada penangkapan ikan. Title: Gender Gap of Small Scale Fisheries Utilization in Natuna Regency The gender gap or the different role of access and control among men and women on the decision making process in small scale fishery activities in Natuna is remain high. The purpose of this research is to analyze the gender gap in small-scale fisheries utilization and to provide the strategy to achieve gender equality. Gender disaggregated primary data were collected in August 2019 from 52 respondents of the small scale fishermen in 5 sub regency in the Bungguran Island of Natuna Regency. The data were processed using excel software to find out the percentage of 3 reasons for respondent participation. The findings shows that decision maker is dominated by fishermen. The gender gap occurred in preparation process of the fishing activities, fishing activities, and post fishing activities. Therefore, government of Natuna Regency must prepare the economic stimulus program for providing labor opportunities for women, encourage the participation of the fishermen’s wife in decision making process by involving them in fish auction activity or as manager of fishing fleets.
ANALYSIS OF THE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN MAIZE LANDRACE CULTIVARS FROM NORTHERN RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL
Authors: ARGENTA JÉSSICA , ACUNHA JEFFERSON GONÇALVES , MACHADO BIANCA OLIVEIRA , RIZZARDO ARIEL , BISPO NORYAM BERVIAN 
Published: December 2020

Maize landraces are important genetic resources for maize breeding. Many of these landrace varieties have not yet been properly studied in order to be distinguished from the others. In this study, multivariate statistical methods were used, beyond the analysis of variance, for estimating genetic dissimilarity among 27 maize landrace accessions. Principal component analysis and clustering analysis were performed using 16 evaluated quantitative characters. The ANOVA results reported the existence of significant differences among the tested accessions for 14 evaluated characters. Two principal components almost explained 49% of found experimental variance. Four different clusters were formed by the used clustering analysis, whose results were plotted into a dendrogram. The graphical integration of this dendrogram with the PCA allowed to conclude that the variation found may be due to the genotypic distinctions existing among the four groups of accesses determined in this study.
Reflexão: motivação e experiência educacionais dos alunos no período da pandemia
Authors: LOPES LUIZ MANOEL , SILVA JOSÉ EDISON TEIXEIRA DA , ANDRADE MARIA DE LOURDES DE , CRUZ ESPEDITO ANTÔNIO SARAIVA DA 
Published: December 2020

RESUMOEste trabalho traz uma reflexão exploratória sobre os desafios que os discentes precisam enfrentar para estudar, no que diz respeito à motivação pessoal, incentivo familiar e aprendizagem como um todo, no período do enfrentamento da COVID-19, onde as escolas estão atuando com o método de educação à distância. Partindo do pressuposto que existe uma tentativa fracassada de dar continuidade as aulas no intuito de terminar o ano letivo ainda em 2020. Para este debate, será feito um estudo de trabalhos já concluídos no período da pandemia e documentos oficiais. Os nossos resultados mostram que mesmo com o esforço do governo e maior dos professores para transmitir uma educação de qualidade, a maior parte dos estudantes não tem em casa a motivação e o incentivo necessário para abstrair o conteúdo com qualidade. Palavras chave: Dificuldades. Motivação dos Docentes. COVID-19. Aulas à distância. Reflection: students 'educational motivation and experience in the pandemic periodABSTRACTThis work brings an exploratory reflection on the challenges that decent people need to face in order to study, in what disrespects personal motivation, family encouragement and learning as a whole, in the period of confrontation with COVID-19, where schools are working with the method of distance education. Based on the assumption that there is an unsuccessful attempt to continue classes in order to end the school year in 2020. For this debate, a study of works already completed during the pandemic period and official documents will be made. Our results show that even with the effort of the government and the greatest number of teachers to transmit quality education, most students do not have the motivation and incentive necessary to abstract the content with quality at home.Keywords: Difficulties. Teachers' Motivation. COVID-19. Distance classes.
Biopolítica, Governamentalidade Digital e Tanatopolítica: idosos e a pandemia de covid-19
Authors: LEMOS FLAVIA CRISTINA SILVEIRA , FREITAS FELIPE SAMPAIO DE , SOUZA HELENA CAROLLYNE DA SILVA , SILVA JOSÉ AUGUSTO LOPES DA , GARCIA RONILDA BORDÓ DE FREITAS , TENÓRIO EDILENE SILVA 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo é um ensaio que aborda a pandemia pelo Covid-19, a partir de uma perspectiva biopolítica e biodigital, assinalando aspectos da precariedade acirrada vivida por idosos frente ao contágio pelo novo coronavírus e os efeitos nefastos deste em suas existências. Busca-se pensar elementos da sociedade de controle e os enquadramentos da política de morte dirigida a este grupo social quanto ao deixar morrer e ao estigma voltado aos idosos como estratégia de gestão da população, no presente. Portanto, visamos analisar práticas sociais que produzem quadros de ausência de proteção, de reconhecimento e expansão da vida de grupos marcados pelo envelhecimento, constituindo-os como um peso e problema para a sociedade contemporânea. Com efeito, utiliza-se a velhice como figura de um viver que não tem valor e não é digno de comoção nem passível de luto durante a gestão da pandemia por Covid-19.Palavras-chave: Idosos. Pandemia de Covid-19. Biopolítica. Biovigilância. Precariedade. Biopolitics, Digital and Tanatopolitical Governance: elderly people and the pandemic of covid-19ABSTRACT This article is an essay that addresses the Covid-19 pandemic, from a biopolitical and biodigital perspective, pointing out aspects of the severe precariousness experienced by the elderly in the face of contagion by the new coronavirus and its harmful effects on their lives. It seeks to think about elements of the control society and the framework of the death policy directed at this social group regarding the letting die and the stigma towards the elderly as a population management strategy, at present. Therefore, we aim to analyze social practices that produce situations of lack of protection, recognition and expansion of the lives of groups marked by aging, constituting them as a weight and problem for contemporary society. Indeed, old age is used as a figure of living that has no value and is not worthy of commotion or mourning during the pandemic management by Covid-19. Keywords: Elderly. Covid-19 Pandemic. Biopolitics. Biovigilance. Precariousness.
Unveiling the Ocean Viromes of Challenger Deep, the Deepest Place in the World’s Oceans
Authors: Wang Min , Gao Chen , Liang Yantao , Jiang Yong , Paez-Espino David , Han Meiaoxue , Gu Chengxiang , Wang Meiwen , Yang Yumei , Liu Fengjiao , Yang Qingwei , Gong Zheng , Zhang Xinran , Luo Zhixiang , He Hui , Guo Cui , Shao Hongbin , Zhou Chun , Shi Yang , Xin Yu , Xing Jinyan , Tang Xuexi , Qin Qilong , Zhang Yu-Zhong , He Jianfeng , Jiao Nianzhi , McMinn Andrew , Tian Jiwei , Suttle Curtis A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The hadal ocean biosphere, i.e the deepest part of the world’s oceans, harbors a unique community of cellular microbes, implying that there is also a novel assemblage of co-occurring viruses. However, the diversity and lifestyle of viroplanktons in hadal zone is poorly studied. Results: Herein, we show the unique nature of the Mariana Trench DNA virome (MTV) comprising a dataset of 95,813 non-redundant assembled viral sequences (contigs) from the ocean’s surface (2m) to the hadal zone at 8727 m below the surface. We assigned 29% of the contigs into 236 viral taxa, of which all but 3% belonged to groups with no cultured representatives. The remaining 71% of the contigs could not be assigned to a taxonomic group. The dominant viral contigs were almost more abundant in deep even hadal zone than in surface zone. The MTV is unlike any other viral assemblage described to date, and presents a novel viral ecological zone in the global ocean. The dominant viral contigs in the MTV were abundant and significantly specific in the “Trench” zone, and were associated with viruses that had signature genes indicative of a lysogenic life strategy, suggesting that horizontal gene transfer by viruses among bacteria is likely more prevelant in hadal zone than in the overlying waters. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that viruses dominating the hadal zone of the Mariana Trench are unlike those associated with other marine viral assemblages sampled to date, representing a unique ecological assemblage characterized by a lysogenic life style and horizontal gene transfer events. These results establish a foundation against which viral assemblages from other deep trenches can be compared. Keywords: Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench, ocean viromes, viral metagenomics, lysogenic life strategy, horizontal gene transfer