bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degenerated TiO2 Semiconductor Modified with Ni and Zn as Efficient Photocatalysts for the Water Splitting Reaction
Authors: Neaţu Florentina , Abramiuc Laura E. , Trandafir Mihaela M. , Negrea Raluca F. , Florea Mihaela , Teodorescu Cristian M. , Neaţu Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of robust, safe, cost‐effective and efficient photocatalytic systems for water splitting should take into account the presence of a proper and powerful photon absorber and an efficient, low‐cost and earth‐abundant electrocatalyst to perform the reaction at high conversions. In this study, Ni−Zn/TiO2 ternary composites with high photocatalytic activity for water splitting under UV irradiation were successfully prepared via a simple and low‐cost deposition‐precipitation route. Thus, different Ni : Zn molar ratios (1 : 0, 1 : 1, 3 : 1, 6 : 1, 9 : 1, and 0 : 1) were deposited on TiO2 in order to reach a total metal loading of 50 wt. %. The obtained composites were characterized using several techniques, such as: X‐ray diffraction, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The most active synthesized composite, namely Ni−Zn/TiO2 (9 : 1), exhibits H2 generation rate above 17 mmols g−1 h−1, which is nearly one thousand times higher than that obtained with TiO2 Evonik P25. Our study demonstrates that TiO2 becomes a degenerated semiconductor in the presence of Ni and ZnO, with remarkable photocatalytic properties. Thus, the obtained results can open new opportunities in the preparation of very active materials for hydrogen production based on the optimization of three‐component structures.
A Phosphinine‐Derived 1‐Phospha‐7‐Bora‐Norbornadiene: Frustrated Lewis Pair Type Activation of Triple Bonds
Authors: Leitl Julia , Jupp Andrew R. , Habraken Evi R. M. , Streitferdt Verena , Coburger Peter , Scott Daniel J. , Gschwind Ruth M. , Müller Christian , Slootweg J. Chris , Wolf Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Ruth M. Gschwind and Robert Wolf (University of Regensburg), Christian Müller (Freie Universität Berlin), and J. Chris Slootweg (University of Amsterdam). The image depicts playing cards representing the reported reactions involving 1‐phospha‐7‐bora‐norbornadiene. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202000266.
Photoinduced Pyramidal Inversion Behavior of Phosphanes Involved with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Behavior
Authors: Machida Takashi , Iwasa Takeshi , Taketsugu Tetsuya , Sada Kazuki , Kokado Kenta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Kenta Kokado and co‐workers at Hokkaido University. The cover picture describes the interesting pyramidal inversion behavior of phosphanes in the excited state, like entering “the Mirror World”, which we found in this research. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202000264.
Pulsed drought: The effects of varying water stress on plant physiology and predicting herbivore response
Authors: Sconiers Warren B. , Rowland Diane L. , Eubanks Micky D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClimate change is predicted to increase the frequency of drought conditions and alter plant–insect interactions. Despite over 530 studies on the effects of water‐deficit stress on plant–insect interactions, we still cannot accurately predict plant–insect interactions under drought conditions. Most studies have focused on how insect herbivores respond to water‐deficit‐stressed plants, with little attention on how stressed plants and changes in plant physiology may contribute to the variation in herbivore response. Variation in herbivore response to water‐deficit‐stressed plants may be due to stress‐induced changes in plants and how these changes differ with stress severity. In this study, we determined the effects of water‐deficit stress on cotton (Delta Pine 174RF) physiology in an agroecosystem using pulsed moderate and severe stress. Our goal was to determine how moderate and severe water‐deficit stress affect cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) physiology differently in terms of photosynthesis, development, water use, and nutrient content. We found that moderate and severely stressed plants had many different physiological responses that may contribute to the variation we see in herbivore response to stressed plants. For instance, moderately stressed plants were more vigorous and more developed than severely stressed plants, whereas severely stressed plants had more amino acids than moderately stressed plants. We predict that insect herbivores feeding on moderately and severely stressed plants would encounter differences in C assimilation, water content (stomatal conductance, transpiration), chlorophyll content, and concentrations of amino acids and digestible carbohydrates. It is clear that field studies should consider how differences in stress severity can affect plant–insect interactions.
Root system architecture in genetically diverse populations of grain sorghum compared with shallow and steeply rooted monocultures
Authors: Adams Curtis B. , Reyes‐Cabrera Joel , Nielsen Jackson , Erickson John E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe genetic uniformity of monocultures extends belowground to the genetic controls over the architectural configuration of the root system. We hypothesized this may encourage inefficiency in resource acquisition compared with crops with diversity in root system architecture among plants. Here, we report on an evaluation of root systems in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] populations phenotyped by crown root angle as “shallow” and “steep” rooted, and diverse mixtures (shallow, intermediate, and steep), at four N rates (0, 20, 100, and 200 kg N ha−1) in a sandy soil with a plow layer. Differences in the spatial distribution of root mass among architecturally contrasting populations were confirmed by direct measures in the field, which has not been previously reported in sorghum. This confirmation, plus confirmation of differences in root N distribution with soil depth, indicate that soil C and N dynamics would differ among sorghum populations differing in root system architecture. Patterns in root length density (RLD) by N rate indicated N‐based limitation on root proliferation at low N levels and a N‐induced suppression of proliferation at high N levels. There was no strong evidence that diverse architectural mixtures would result in tangible improvements in resource acquisition, as they generally had intermediate root mass and did not differ in RLD relative to architecturally contrasting monocultures. The similarity of RLD across rooting architectural types was one of several observed indicators of root growth plasticity, which could be a mechanism to alleviate physical constraints of the plants’ inherent first‐order rooting structure in taking up soil resources.
Molecular testing in diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid cytology: Trends and drivers
Authors: Kumar Neeta , Gupta Ruchika , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFine needle aspiration (FNA), the cornerstone of diagnosis in thyroid swellings, fails to render a definitive diagnosis in about 20% to 30% of cases that are reported as indeterminate on cytology. Since the clinical management in thyroid rests on the risk of malignancy (ROM) in a given nodule, this distinction between “benign” and “possibly malignant” assumes paramount clinical importance. Over the last two decades, tremendous progress has been achieved in our understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid pathologies leading to identification of several genetic alterations that could potentially be exploited for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes. An array of molecular tests has hit the markets aiming to predict the ROM in thyroid nodules. A deeper understanding of the strengths and limitations of these tests is imperative to be able to judiciously choose the right molecular test in a given case for maximum clinical benefit. This narrative review provides an overview of current status of molecular testing in the evaluation of thyroid nodules encompassing the current status and applications of these tests in diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic areas along with a brief insight into the future developments in this field.
Together stronger: Intracolonial genetic variability occurrence in Pocillopora corals suggests potential benefits
Authors: Oury Nicolas , Gélin Pauline , Magalon Hélène 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigated the occurrence of intracolonial genetic variability (IGV) in Pocillopora corals in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Ninety‐six colonies were threefold‐sampled from three sites in Reunion Island. Nubbins were genotyped using 13 microsatellite loci, and their multilocus genotypes compared. Over 50% of the colonies presented at least two different genotypes among their three nubbins, and IGV was found abundant in all sites (from 36.7% to 58.1%). To define the threshold distinguishing mosaicism from chimerism, we developed a new method based on different evolution models by computing the number of different alleles for the infinite allele model (IAM) and the Bruvo's distance for the stepwise mutation model (SMM). Colonies were considered as chimeras if their nubbins differed from more than four alleles and if the pairwise Bruvo's distance was higher than 0.12. Thus 80% of the IGV colonies were mosaics and 20% chimeras (representing almost 10% of the total sampling). IGV seems widespread in scleractinians and beyond the disabilities of this phenomenon reported in several studies, it should also bring benefits. Next steps are to identify these benefits and to understand processes leading to IGV, as well as factors influencing them.
Difference of lethal effect for cell type at applying high‐frequency burst pulse for cancer treatment
Authors: Sato Hiromi , Minamitani Yasushi , Ohnishi Nobuaki , Fujiwara Yusuke , Katsuki Sunao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCancer treatment by ultrashort pulse high electric field is one of new biological applications. This work focuses on difference of effects caused at applying the pulse to different types of cells for realizing cancer treatment via ultrashort pulse electric field. In this study, by employing HeLa S3 of a cancer cell and budding yeast of a eukaryotic cell as samples, difference of effects given to each cell via the pulse was investigated. As a result, it was found that yeast cells are difficult to cause cell death compared to HeLa cells under the condition that the energy supplying to cells is equal.
Prevalence of hypopituitarism and quality of life in survivors of post‐traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bensalah Meriem , Donaldson Malcolm , Labassen Malek , Cherfi Lyes , Nebbal Mustapha , Haffaf El Mehdi , Abdennebi Benaissa , Guenane Kamel , Kemali Zahra , Ould Kablia Samia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypopituitarism is a recognized sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may worsen the quality of life (QoL) in survivors.AimsTo assess the prevalence of post‐traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) and growth hormone deficiency (GHD), and determine their correlation with QoL.MethodsSurvivors of moderate to severe TBI were recruited from two Algerian centres. At 3 and 12 months, pituitary function was evaluated using insulin tolerance test (ITT), QoL by growth hormone deficiency in adults’ questionnaire (QoL‐AGHDA), and 36‐item short‐form (SF‐36) health survey.ResultsOf 133 (M: 128; F: 5) patients aged 18‐65 years, PTHP and GHD were present at 3 and 12 months in 59 (44.4%) and 23 (17.29%), 41/116 (35.3%) and 18 (15.5%). Thirteen patients with GHD at 3 months tested normally at 12 months, while 9 had become GHD at 12 months. At 3 and 12 months, peak cortisol was < 500 nmol/L) in 39 (29.3%) and 29 (25%) patients, but <300 nmol/L in only five and seven. Prevalence for gonadotrophin deficiency was 6.8/8.6%, hypo‐ and hyperprolactinaemia 6.8/3.8% and 5.2/8.6%, and thyrotrophin deficiency 1.5/0.9%. Mean scores for QoL‐AGHDA were higher in patients with PTHP at 3 and 12 months: 7.07 vs 3.62 (P = .001) and in patients with GHD at 12 months: 8.72 vs 4.09 (P = .015). Mean SF‐36 scores were significantly lower for PTHP at 3 months.ConclusionPrevalence of PTHP and GHD changes with time. AGHDA measures QoL in GHD more specifically than SF‐36. Full pituitary evaluation and QoL‐AGHDA 12 months after TBI are recommended.
Distancing or drawing together: Sexism and organisational tolerance of sexism impact women's social relationships at work
Authors: Ciftci Esma Esen , Barreto Manuela , Doyle David Matthew , van Breen Jolien , Darden Safi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article examines the role of organisational climate in women's social responses to sexism at work. We argue that after experiences of sexism, women “draw together” with other women when they perceive that the organisational climate is intolerant of sexism. We assess the role of organisational climate at three levels: peer‐, manager‐, and policy‐level. We conducted a correlational study (Nstudy1 = 405) and two experimental studies (Nstudy2 = 377, Nstudy3 = 391), in which we examined women's experiences of sexism at work (measured in Study 1; manipulated in Studies 2 and 3). We also measured perceived tolerance of sexism at the peer‐, manager‐ and policy‐level in all studies. The main DVs were women's workplace friendships with other women in Studies 1 and 2, and closeness to female co‐workers in Study 3. Results showed that perceived tolerance of sexism from peers was especially important in shaping women's social relationships following experiences of sexism; tolerance from managers or at the policy level had less consistent effects. Specifically, experiences with sexism were positively associated with female participants' reported friendship (Studies 1 and 2) and closeness (Study 3) with their female colleagues, but only when peers were perceived not to tolerate sexism. When peers were perceived to tolerate sexism, female participants did not respond to sexism by drawing together.
Oligosaccharide attenuates aging‐related liver dysfunction by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling
Authors: Wang Yueming , Xiong Yanlei , Zhang Aiping , Zhao Nannan , Zhang Jiashen , Zhao Dongmei , Yu Zhenhai , Xu Ning , Yin Yancun , Luan Xiying , Xiong Yanlian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is the depolymerized product of chitosan possessing various biological activities and protective effects against inflammation and oxidative injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effects of COS supplements on aging‐related liver dysfunction. We found that COS treatment significantly attenuated elevated liver function biomarkers and oxidative stress biomarkers and decreased antioxidative enzyme activities in liver tissues in D‐galactose (D‐gal)‐treated mice. Furthermore, COS treatment significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes HO‐1, NQO1, and CAT. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that COS treatment played a vital role in protecting H2O2‐exposed L02 cells against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling. These data indicate that COS could protect against D‐gal‐induced hepatic aging by activating Nrf2 antioxidant signaling, which may provide novel applications for the prevention and treatment of aging‐related hepatic dysfunction.
Genetic Ablation of Osteopontin in Osteomalacic Hyp Mice Partially Rescues the Deficient Mineralization Without Correcting Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Hoac Betty , Østergaard Maja , Wittig Nina K , Boukpessi Tchilalo , Buss Daniel J , Chaussain Catherine , Birkedal Henrik , Murshed Monzur , McKee Marc D 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
PHEX is predominantly expressed by bone and tooth-forming cells, and its inactivating mutations in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) lead to renal phosphate wasting and severe hypomineralization of bones and teeth. Also present in XLH are hallmark hypomineralized periosteocytic lesions (POLs, halos) that persist despite stable correction of serum phosphate (Pi) that improves bulk bone mineralization. In XLH, mineralization-inhibiting osteopontin (OPN, a substrate for PHEX) accumulates in the extracellular matrix of bone. To investigate how OPN functions in Hyp mice (a model for XLH), double-null (Hyp;Opn−/−) mice were generated. Undecalcified histomorphometry performed on lumbar vertebrae revealed that Hyp;Opn−/− mice had significantly reduced osteoid area/bone area (OV/BV) and osteoid thickness of trabecular bone as compared to Hyp mice, despite being as hypophosphatemic as Hyp littermate controls. However, tibias examined by synchrotron radiation micro-CT showed that mineral lacunar volumes remained abnormally enlarged in these double-null mice. When Hyp;Opn−/− mice were fed a high-Pi diet, serum Pi concentration increased, and OV/BV and osteoid thickness normalized, yet mineral lacunar area remained abnormally enlarged. Enpp1 and Ankh gene expression were increased in double-null mice fed a high-Pi diet, potentially indicating a role for elevated inhibitory pyrophosphate (PPi) in the absence of OPN. To further investigate the persistence of POLs in Hyp mice despite stable correction of serum Pi, immunohistochemistry for OPN on Hyp mice fed a high-Pi diet showed elevated OPN in the osteocyte pericellular lacunar matrix as compared to Hyp mice fed a control diet. This suggests that POLs persisting in Hyp mice despite correction of serum Pi may be attributable to the well-known upregulation of mineralization-inhibiting OPN by Pi, and its accumulation in the osteocyte pericellular matrix. This study shows that OPN contributes to osteomalacia in Hyp mice, and that genetic ablation of OPN in Hyp mice improves the mineralization phenotype independent of systemic Pi-regulating factors. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Working Party guidelines on IBD management during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ling Khoon Lin , Hilmi Ida , Raja Ali Raja Affendi , Leong Rupert W L , Leung Wai Keung , Ng Siew Chien , Wu Kai Chun , Chen Min Hu , Ran Zhi Hua , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Ahuja Vineet , Makharia Govind K , Banerjee Rupa , Wei Shu Chen , Wu Deng Chyang , Pisespongsa Pises , Ye Byong Duk , Sollano Jose , Simadibrata Marcellus , Chuah Sai Wei , Ooi Choon Jin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic, secondary to SARS‐CoV‐2, has resulted in high mortality and morbidity worldwide. As inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease, and most patients are on long‐term immunosuppressive agents, there is understandable concern, particularly in terms of therapy. In view of this, experts in IBD across the Asia Pacific region were invited to put together recommendations based on their experience and the currently available data. In general, most IBD therapies (with a few exceptions) can be continued safely, and the general consensus is that maintaining disease control should remain the main principle of management. In addition, social distancing measures and the appropriate use of personal protective equipment should be strictly adhered to. During the current pandemic, face‐to‐face clinic follow ups and non‐urgent procedures should be kept to a minimum.
Piperazine‐mediated tandem synthesis of bis(thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines): Versatile precursors for related fused [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidines
Authors: Sanad Sherif M. H. , Mekky Ahmed E. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we discuss the utility of bis(cyanoacetamides) as versatile precursors to the piperazine‐mediated synthesis of a wide spectrum of bis(thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine) derivatives, linked to aliphatic spacers via thioethers. The proposed tandem protocol involved the reaction of bis(cyanoacetamides) with two equivalents of the appropriate cinnamonitriles in dioxane in the presence of six equivalents of piperazine at reflux for 4 hours. Then, two equivalents of the appropriate halogen‐containing reagents were added and the reaction was heated at reflux for further 3 hours. The bis(thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines) were taken as a key intermediates to new bis(4‐oxopyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidines). The above derivatives were reacted with the appropriate hydrazonyl chloride derivatives in dioxane in the presence of triethylamine to yield the corresponding bis([1,2,4]triazoles) with a related fused pyridothienopyrimidine moiety. The new structures were elucidated by IR, NMR spectral data, as well as elemental analyses.
Design and the synthesis of 1‐heteroaryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles connected to coumarins via ether linker
Authors: Nibin Joy Muthipeedika , Beliaev Nikolai , Beryozkina Tetyana V. , Bakulev Vasiliy A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we report an efficient and versatile methodology for the synthesis of a series of novel heteroaryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles connected to 4‐methylcoumarin (4‐methyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one) via oxymethylene linker. The desired molecules were accessed by both two‐step synthesis and the one‐pot copper catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of heteroaromatic azides with coumarin containing acetylenes. The developed protocol was found to be facile and effective for preparing a series of novel heteroaryl‐1,2,3‐triazole‐coumarin conjugates in excellent yields. Practical utility of one‐pot protocol has been confirmed by the successful gram‐scale synthesis of 1,3‐Dimethyl‐6‐(4‐[([4‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐7‐yl]oxy)methyl]‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)pyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione.
Identification of nsp1 gene as the target of SARS‐CoV‐2 real‐time RT‐PCR using nanopore whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Chan Wan‐Mui , Ip Jonathan Daniel , Chu Allen Wing‐Ho , Yip Cyril Chik‐Yan , Lo Lap‐Sum , Chan Kwok‐Hung , Ng Anthony Chin‐Ki , Poon Rosana Wing‐Shan , To Wing‐Kin , Tsang Owen Tak‐Yin , Leung Wai‐Shing , Kwan Mike Yat‐Wah , Chua Gilbert T. , Chung Tom Wai‐Hin , Hung Ivan Fan‐Ngai , Kok Kin‐Hang , Cheng Vincent Chi‐Chung , Chan Jasper Fuk‐Woo , Yuen Kwok‐Yung , To Kelvin Kai‐Wang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Accurate detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 using molecular assays is critical for patient management and the control of the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, there is an increasing number of SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses with mutations at the primer or probe binding sites, and these mutations may affect the sensitivity of currently available real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assays targeting the nucleocapsid (N), envelope (E), and open reading frame 1a or 1b genes. Using sequence‐independent single‐primer amplification and nanopore whole‐genome sequencing, we have found that the nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) gene, located at the 5′ end of the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome, was highly expressed in the nasopharyngeal or saliva specimens of 9 COVID‐19 patients of different clinical severity. Based on this finding, we have developed a novel nsp1 real‐time RT‐PCR assay. The primers and probes are highly specific for SARS‐CoV‐2. Validation with 101 clinical specimens showed that our nsp1 RT‐PCR assay has a sensitivity of 93.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86.2%‐97.2%), which was similar to those of N and E gene RT‐PCR assays. The diagnostic specificity was 100% (95% CI: 92.9%‐100%). The addition of nsp1 for multitarget detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 can avoid false‐negative results due to mutations at the primers/probes binding sites of currently available RT‐PCR assays.