bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of acute nitrite infusion on contractile economy and metabolism in isolated skeletal muscle in situ during hypoxia
Authors: Porcelli Simone , Rasica Letizia , Ferguson Brian S. , Kavazis Andreas N. , McDonald James , Hogan Michael C. , Grassi Bruno , Gladden L. Bruce 
Published: June 2020

Key points
Increased plasma nitrite concentrations may have beneficial effects on skeletal muscle function.
The physiological basis explaining these observations has not been clearly defined and it may involve positive effects on muscle contraction force, microvascular O2 delivery and skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism.
In the isolated canine gastrocnemius model, we evaluated the effects of acute nitrite infusion on muscle force and skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism.
Under hypoxic conditions, but in the presence of normal convective O2 delivery, an elevated plasma nitrite concentration affects neither muscle force, nor muscle contractile economy.
In accordance with previous results suggesting limited or no effects of nitrate/nitrite administrations in highly oxidative and highly perfused muscle, our data suggest that neither mitochondrial respiration, nor muscle force generation are affected by acute increased concentrations of NO precursors in hypoxia.
AbstractContrasting findings have been reported concerning the effects of augmented nitric oxide (NO) on skeletal muscle force production and oxygen consumption (). The present study examined skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and contractile economy in an isolated muscle preparation during hypoxia (but normal convective O2 delivery) with nitrite infusion. Isolated canine gastrocnemius muscles in situ (n = 8) were studied during 3 min of electrically stimulated isometric tetanic contractions corresponding to ∼35% of . During contractions, sodium nitrite (NITRITE) or sodium chloride (SALINE) was infused into the popliteal artery. was calculated from the Fick principle. Experiments were carried out in hypoxia ( = 0.12), whereas convective O2 delivery was maintained at normal levels under both conditions by pump‐driven blood flow (). Muscle biopsies were taken and mitochondrial respiration was evaluated by respirometry. Nitrite infusion significantly increased both nitrite and nitrate concentrations in plasma. No differences in force were observed between conditions. was not significantly different between NITRITE (6.1 ± 1.8 mL100 g−1 min−1) and SALINE (6.2 ± 1.8 mL 100 g−1 min−1), even after being ‘normalized’ per unit of developed force (muscle contractile economy). No differences between conditions were found for maximal ADP‐stimulated mitochondrial respiration (both for complex I and complex II), leak respiration and oxidative phosphorylation coupling. In conclusion, in the absence of changes in convective O2 delivery, muscle force, muscle contractile economy and mitochondrial respiration were not affected by acute infusion of nitrite. The previously reported positive effects of elevated plasma nitrite concentrations are presumably mediated by the increased microvascular O2 availability.
Well-Posed Formulations for Nonholonomic Mechanical System Dynamics
Authors: Haug Edward J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Four formulations of nonholonomic mechanical system dynamics, with both holonomic and differential constraints, are presented and shown to be well posed; i.e., solutions exist, are unique, and depend continuously on problem data. They are (1) the d'Alembert variational formulation, (2) a broadly applicable manifold theoretic extension of Maggi's equations that is a system of first-order ordinary differential equations (ODE), (3) Lagrange multiplier-based index 3 differential-algebraic equations (index 3 DAE), and (4) Lagrange multiplier-based index 0 differential-algebraic equations (index 0 DAE). The ODE formulation is shown to be well posed, as a direct consequence of the theory of ODE. The variational formulation is shown to be equivalent to the ODE formulation, hence also well posed. Finally, the index 3 DAE and index 0 DAE formulations are shown to be equivalent to the variational and ODE formulations, hence also well posed. These results fill a void in the literature and provide a theoretical foundation for nonholonomic mechanical system dynamics that is comparable to the theory of ODE.
Thermal Exchange of Glass Micro-Fibers Measured by the 3ω Technique
Authors: Nguyen T. D. , Richard J. , Doumouro J. , De Wilde Y. , Bourgeois O. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, we propose an experimental setup to measure the thermal conductivity and specific heat of a single suspended glass fiber, as well as the thermal contact resistance between two glass fibers. By using optical lithography, wet and dry etching and thin film deposition, we prepared suspended glass fibers that are coated by niobium nitride (NbN) thin film used as room temperature thermal transducer. By using the 3ω technique, the thermal conductivity of glass fiber was measured to be 1.1 W m−1 K–1 and specific heat 0.79 J g−1 K–1 around 300 K under vacuum conditions. By introducing exchange gas into the measurement chamber, influence of the gas on the heat transfer was studied, and the convection coefficient h for all the measurement ranges from a pressure of 0.01 hPa to 1000 hPa, over more than five orders of magnitude, has been obtained. By adding a bridging glass fiber on top of two other suspended glass fibers, it was possible to estimate the thermal contact resistance between two glass fibers Rc in the range of 107–108 K W–1.
Water, Toluene, Methanol, and Ethanol Under Microwave Irradiation: Numerical Simulations of the Effect of the Vessel's Size
Authors: Navarro M. C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, we study numerically the effect of the variation of the vessel's radius on the distribution of flow velocity and temperature for four solvents with different dielectric properties, frequently used in organic chemistry: water, toluene, ethanol, and methanol, when they are irradiated with microwaves at 2.45 GHz. We use a multidimensional axisymmetric numerical model based on spectral element methods for solving heat and momentum equations coupled with Maxwell's equations. The varied dielectric behavior of the solvents results in a different behavior when the size of the vessel varies: from solvents for which the variation of the radius has little effect, as in the case of toluene due to its high penetration depth, to high absorbing solvents, with smaller penetration depth as ethanol, for which the effect of the radius is determinant for the distribution of the power absorption and, consequently, for the temperature and flow in the sample. Results are interesting as they provide a full description and understanding of the velocity and temperature distribution in the flow depending on the sample size and the dielectric properties of the solvents, becoming an important tool for prediction when parameters in the experiments are varied.
The Discrete Green's Function for Convective Heat Transfer—Part 2: Semi-Analytical Estimates of Boundary Layer Discrete Green's Function
Authors: Eaton John K. , Milani Pedro M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This is the second paper in a set that defines the discrete Green's function (DGF). This paper focuses first on the turbulent boundary layer and presents two different methods to estimate the DGF. The long-element formulation defines the DGF with just two simple algebraic equations, but it is not quantitatively accurate for short element lengths. A short element correction is derived, but must be recalculated for each selection of flow parameters and element lengths. A similarity solution is derived that allows accurate estimates of the DGF diagonal elements for laminar boundary layers and for turbulent boundary layers discretized with short element lengths. To illustrate other methods to derive DGFs in more complex flows, a low-resolution DGF for laminar stagnation line boundary layers is determined using the skin-friction formulation combined with similarity solutions for two different thermal boundary conditions. Stagnation line flow is shown to be highly sensitive to the thermal boundary condition, and this can be analyzed effectively using the DGF.
Three-Dimensional Designing of Octet-Truss Structures With Controlled Thermal Anisotropy
Authors: Zheng Zihao , Bai Xiaohui , Kuwahara Fujio , Nakayama Akira 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An octet-truss structure is considered as one of promising candidates for modern heat exchanger structures due to its light weight with stress supporting structure and high thermal performance as a multifunctional heat exchanger. A design strategy has been established to control the anisotropy of its effective thermal conductivity tensor by deforming the structure according to its specific heat transfer application. The solution surface of flat triangle was constructed in the space with three coordinate axes being the principal components of the effective thermal conductivity, using the analytical expressions derived for metal frame structures of low solidity. The design parameters of two structural angles can readily be found from this analytical solution surface with equal angle lines to transfer heat in a particular direction, or to block heat in any other direction. Full three-dimensional (3D) numerical computations were also conducted to verify the validity of the present analytical strategy.
Myasthenia gravis and concurrent myositis following PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Phua Chun Seng , Murad Ari , Fraser Clare , Bray Victoria , Cappelen-Smith Cecilia 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThere are increasing reports of myasthenia gravis (MG) following oncological treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Methods and resultsA 66-year-old man with stage 3A lung adenocarcinoma was treated with second weekly infusions of durvalumab, a programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitor, at a dose of 10 mg/kg. After the fourth infusion, he developed diplopia, dyspnoea and constitutional symptoms including headache, weakness and anorexia. 1 month later, he developed dysphagia and dysphonia. Examination showed proximal limb weakness with fatigability. An ice pack test was positive. Blood tests revealed a raised creatine kinase and positive PM-Scl75 antibody. Antititin antibody was strongly positive in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Antibodies for acetylcholinesterase receptor and antimuscle-specific kinase were negative. Electromyography showed myopathic changes. The patient was treated with steroids, pyridostigmine, mycophenolate mofetil and intravenous immunoglobulin. Eight weeks after treatment initiation ptosis, eye movements and limb strength were markedly improved and repeat creatine kinase was normal.ConclusionClinicians using ICIs should have a high index of suspicion for ICI-induced MG and concurrent myositis as disease can be severe and is associated with high mortality rates.
Outcomes of pregnancy and associated factors in sub-Saharan African women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a scoping review
Authors: Essouma Mickael , Nkeck Jan René , Motolouze Kodoume , Bigna Jean Joel , Tchaptchet Paul , Nkoro Grâce Anita , Ralandison Stéphane , Hachulla Eric 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo scope and summarise available literature on the outcomes of pregnancy and associated factors in sub-Saharan African women with SLE.MethodsElectronic databases and reference lists of retrieved articles were searched to identify relevant studies published from 1 January 2000 to 28 October 2019. Data were combined through narrative synthesis.ResultsWe included four studies retrospectively reporting a total of 137 pregnancies in 102 women over a 26-year period. Mean age at conception ranged from 27.2 to 39.9 years. Kidney damage, the predominant organ manifestation before conception, was reported in 43 (42.2%) patients. Ninety-seven (70.8%) pregnancies resulted in 98 live births. SLE flares occurred in 44 (32.2%) pregnancies, mainly skin (20.4%) and renal (18.2%) flares. Major adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) were preterm birth 38.8%, low birth weight 29.8%, pregnancy loss 29.2% and pre-eclampsia 24.8%. The main factors associated with APOs were nephritis and SLE flares.ConclusionOver two-thirds of pregnancies resulted in live birth in this cohort of sub-Saharan African women with SLE. The main APOs and associated factors described in other parts of the world are also seen in this region, but with high rates of APOs. A large prospective multinational study is warranted for more compelling evidence.
Short-term effects of tillage of long-term no-till on nitrous oxide emissions from two contrasting Canadian prairie soils
Authors: Shahidi B.M.R. , Dyck M. , Malhi S.S. , Puurveen D. 
Published: June 2020

The reduction in net CO2 emissions from increased carbon sequestration in soil and slower decomposition of soil organic matter under most long-term no-till (NT) situations can potentially be offset by a concomitant increase in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions after tillage reversal on long-term NT soils. The objective of this work was to quantify N2O emissions after tillage reversal on two contrasting western Canadian Prairie soils managed under long-term (∼30 yr) NT. We measured one growing season (2010) of soil N2O emissions on a Black Chernozem and Gray Luvisol at Ellerslie and Breton, AB, respectively, following 30 yr of NT and N fertilizer application at two rates (0 and 100 kg N ha−1) subjected to tillage reversal and no disturbance (i.e., continuing NT). Tillage reversal after long-term NT was associated with higher N2O emissions in both soils but was significant only in the Gray Luvisol with 0 kg N ha−1. Long-term N fertilizer applications of 100 kg N ha−1 were associated with higher growing season soil N2O emissions and higher levels of soil N (i.e., a positive, long-term soil N balance) at both sites. Regardless of tillage, the difference in growing season nitrous oxide emissions from the 0 and 100 kg N ha−1 plots on the Gray Luvisol were much greater than the Black Chernozem. A modest increase in N2O emissions upon tillage reversal on a long-term NT soils could translate to a significant increase to agricultural greenhouse gas inventories in the event of large-scale tillage reversal on agricultural land in western Canada.
OptiStructures
Authors: Swaminathan Saiganesh , Fagert Jonathon , Rivera Michael , Cao Andrew , Laput Gierad , Noh Hae Young , Hudson Scott E. 
Published: June 2020

A recent topic of considerable interest in the "smart building" community involves building interactive devices using sensors, and rapidly creating these objects using new fabrication methods. However, much of this work has been done at what might be called hand scale, with less attention paid to larger objects and structures (at furniture or room scales) despite the fact that we are very often literally surrounded by such objects. In this work, we present a new set of techniques for creating interactive objects at these scales. We demonstrate fabrication of both input sensors and displays directly into cast materials -those formed from a liquid or paste which solidifies in a mold; including, for example: concrete, plaster, polymer resins, and composites.
Through our novel set of sensing and fabrication techniques, we enable human activity recognition at room scale and across a variety of materials. Our techniques create objects that appear the same as typical passive objects, but contain internal fiber optics for both input sensing and simple displays. We use a new fabrication device to inject optical fibers into CNC milled molds. Fiber Bragg Grating optical sensors configured as very sensitive vibration sensors are embedded in these objects. These require no internal power, can be placed at multiple locations along a single fiber, and can be interrogated from the end of the fiber. We evaluate the performance of our system by creating two full-scale application prototypes: an interactive wall, and an interactive table. With these prototypes, we demonstrate the ability of our system to sense a variety of human activities across eight different users. Our tests show that with suitable materials these sensors can detect and classify both direct interactions (such as tapping) and more subtle vibrations caused by activities such as walking across the floor nearby.
BodyCompass
Authors: Yue Shichao , Yang Yuzhe , Wang Hao , Rahul Hariharan , Katabi Dina 
Published: June 2020

Monitoring sleep posture is important for avoiding bedsores after surgery, reducing apnea events, tracking the progression of Parkinson's disease, and even alerting epilepsy patients to potentially fatal sleep postures. Today, there is no easy way to track sleep postures. Past work has proposed installing cameras in the bedroom, mounting accelerometers on the subject's chest, or embedding pressure sensors in their bedsheets. Unfortunately, such solutions jeopardize either the privacy of the user or their sleep comfort.
In this paper, we introduce BodyCompass, the first RF-based system that provides accurate sleep posture monitoring overnight in the user's own home. BodyCompass works by studying the RF reflections in the environment. It disentangles RF signals that bounced off the subject's body from other multipath signals. It then analyzes those signals via a custom machine learning algorithm to infer the subject's sleep posture. BodyCompass is easily transferable and can apply to new homes and users with minimal effort. We empirically evaluate BodyCompass using over 200 nights of sleep data from 26 subjects in their own homes. Our results show that, given one week, one night, or 16 minutes of labeled data from the subject, BodyCompass's corresponding accuracy is 94%, 87%, and 84%, respectively.
Admission Bedside Lung Ultrasound Reclassifies Mortality Prediction in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Araujo Gustavo N. , Silveira Anderson D. , Scolari Fernando L. , Custodio Julia L. , Marques Felipe P. , Beltrame Rafael , Menegazzo Wiliam , Machado Guilherme P. , Fuchs Felipe C. , Goncalves Sandro C. , Wainstein Rodrigo V. , Leiria Tiago L. , Wainstein Marco V. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Early risk stratification is essential for in-hospital management of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Acute heart failure confers a worse prognosis, and although lung ultrasound (LUS) is recommended as a first-line test to assess pulmonary congestion, it has never been tested in this setting. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic ability of admission LUS in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods:
LUS protocol consisted of 8 scanning zones and was performed before primary percutaneous coronary intervention by an operator blinded to Killip classification. A LUS combined with Killip (LUCK) classification was developed. Receiver operating characteristic and net reclassification improvement analyses were performed to compare LUCK and Killip classifications.

Results:

We prospectively investigated 215 patients admitted with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction between April 2018 and June 2019. Absence of pulmonary congestion detected by LUS implied a negative predictive value for in-hospital mortality of 98.1% (93.1–99.5%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the LUCK classification for in-hospital mortality was 0.89 (
P
=0.001), and of the Killip classification was 0.86 (
P
<0.001;
P
=0.05 for the difference between curves). LUCK classification improved Killip ability to predict in-hospital mortality with a net reclassification improvement of 0.18.

Conclusions:
In a cohort of patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, admission LUS added to Killip classification was more sensitive than physical examination to identify patients at risk for in-hospital mortality. LUCK classification had a greater area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and reclassified Killip classification in 18% of cases. Moreover, absence of pulmonary congestion on LUS provided an excellent negative predictive value for in-hospital mortality.
Adverse childhood experiences in families with multiple members diagnosed to have psychiatric illnesses
Authors: Someshwar Amala , Holla Bharath , Pansari Agarwal Preeti , Thomas Anza , Jose Anand , Joseph Boban , Raju Birudu , Karle Hariprasad , Muthukumaran M , Kodancha Prabhath G , Kumar Pramod , Reddy Preethi V , Kumar Nadella Ravi , Naik Sanjay T , Mitra Sayantanava , Mallappagiri Sreenivasulu , Sreeraj Vanteemar S , Balachander Srinivas , Ganesh Suhas , Murthy Pratima , Benegal Vivek , Reddy Janardhan YC , Jain Sanjeev , Mahadevan Jayant , Viswanath Biju , Rao Naren P. , Narayanaswamy Janardhanan C. , Sivakumar Palanimuthu T. , Kandasamy Arun , Kesavan Muralidharan , Mehta Urvakhsh Meherwan , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , John John P. , Mukherjee Odity , Purushottam Meera , Kannan Ramakrishnan , Mehta Bhupesh , Kandavel Thennarasu , Binukumar B. , Saini Jitender , Jayarajan Deepak , Shyamsundar A. , Moirangthem Sydney , Vijay Kumar K. G. , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Chandra Prabha S. , Gangadhar Bangalore N. , Panicker Mitradas M. , Bhalla Upinder S. , Chattarji Sumantra , Varghese Mathew , Raghu Padinjat , Rao Mahendra 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Adverse childhood experiences are linked to the development of a number of psychiatric illnesses in adulthood. Our study examined the pattern of adverse childhood experiences and their relation to the age of onset of major psychiatric conditions in individuals from families that had ⩾2 first-degree relatives with major psychiatric conditions (multiplex families), identified as part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Methods: Our sample consisted of 509 individuals from 215 families. Of these, 268 were affected, i.e., diagnosed with bipolar disorder ( n = 61), obsessive–compulsive disorder ( n = 58), schizophrenia ( n = 52), substance dependence ( n = 59) or co-occurring diagnoses ( n = 38), while 241 were at-risk first-degree relatives who were either unaffected ( n = 210) or had other depressive or anxiety disorders ( n = 31). All individuals were evaluated using the Adverse Childhood Experiences – International Questionnaire and total adverse childhood experiences exposure and severity scores were calculated. Results: It was seen that affected males, as a group, had the greatest adverse childhood experiences exposure and severity scores in our sample. A Cox mixed effects model fit by gender revealed that a higher total adverse childhood experiences severity score was associated with significantly increased risk for an earlier age of onset of psychiatric diagnoses in males. A similar model that evaluated the interaction of diagnosis revealed an earlier age of onset in obsessive–compulsive disorder and substance dependence, but not in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Conclusion: Our study indicates that adverse childhood experiences were associated with an earlier onset of major psychiatric conditions in men and individuals diagnosed with obsessive–compulsive disorder and substance dependence. Ongoing longitudinal assessments in first-degree relatives from these families are expected to identify mechanisms underlying this relationship.