bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Surface Measurements of Drilling Fluid Properties: Field Application in the Permian Basin
Authors: Gul Sercan , van Oort Eric , Mullin Chris , Ladendorf Douglas 
Published: March 2020

Summary
Accurate and frequent mud checking is essential for optimum drilling operations. Careful measurement and maintenance of drilling fluid properties (density and rheology) maintain the primary well control barrier and optimize fluid hydraulics and hole-cleaning ability. However, a full mud report while drilling is provided only once or twice a day. Moreover, the measurements are mostly performed using traditional equipment. Test interpretation is subjective and might be biased and difficult to verify independently.
In this paper, we present an automated mud skid unit (MSU), which performs continual drilling fluid sampling and measurements at variable temperatures. The unit provides the non-Newtonian rheological constants characterizing a yield-power law fluid as well as the real-time friction factor and critical Reynolds number using a pipe-viscometer measurement approach. Other important fluid properties such as pressurized density, oil/water ratio, and temperature are provided using high-quality in-line sensors. The unit is controlled by a programmable logic controller coupled with a Linux operating system for data analysis. The system sends real-time data to WITSML data servers and provides detailed mud reports to engineers working either on-site or remotely.
The MSU was deployed in the Permian Basin by an independent operator for automated mud monitoring during unconventional shale drilling operations. Rheology, density, and phase content measurements were compared with conventional mud reports provided by the on-site mud engineer. High accuracy (error &lt; 5%) was observed in mud rheology tests. The pressurized mud-density measurements provided by the MSU proved to be more accurate than nonpressurized mud balance measurements, which were affected by mud aeration. Moreover, the MSU provided mud check data 25 times more frequent than those generated by the mud engineer at temperatures of 50 and 65.5°C. Drilling-fluid-related issues, such as chemical overtreatment as well as sudden changes in mud density, rheology, and oil/water ratio, were reported immediately to the drilling crew. This paper provides details about the measurement technology as well as the results from the field deployment of the MSU.
Thailand Medical Mobile Application for Patients Triage Base on Criteria Based Dispatch Protocol
Authors: Sutham Krongkarn , Khuwuthyakorn Pattaraporn , Thinnukool orawit 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background : Before patients are admitted into the emergency department, it is important to undertake a pre-hospital process, both in terms of treatment performance and a request for resources from an emergency unit. The existing system to triage patients in Thailand is not functioning to its full capacity in either the primary medical system or pre-hospital treatment with shortcomings in the areas of speed, features, and appropriate systems. There is a high possibility of issuing a false Initial Dispatch Code (IDC), which will cause the over- or under-utilisation of emergency resources, such as rescue teams, community hospitals and emergency medical volunteers.
Methods : A usability system design, together with a reliability test, was applied to develop an application to optimise the pre-hospital process, specifically to sort patients, using an IDC to improve the request for emergency resources. The triage mobile application was developed on both iOS and Android operating systems to support patient triage based on Criteria Based Dispatch (CBD). The 25 main symptom categories covered by CBD were used to design and develop the application, and 12 emergency medical staff, including doctors and nurses, were asked to test the system in the aspects of triage protocol correction, triage reliability, usability and user satisfaction.
Results : The results of testing the proposed triage application were compared with the time used to triage by experienced staff and it was found that, in non-trauma cases, it was faster and more effective to use the application for emergency operations and to correct the IDC code representation.
Conclusions : The triage application will be utilised to support the pre-hospital process and to classify patients’ conditions before they are admitted to the Emergency Department (ED). The application is suitable for users who are not medical emergency staff. Patients with non-trauma symptoms may be a suitable group to use the application in terms of time used to identify IDC for their own symptoms. The use of the application can be beneficial for those who wish to self-identify their symptoms before requesting medical services.
Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 protects epithelial cells from LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating miRNA-181a-3p /B
Authors: Liu Yaling , Wang Xiaodong , Yang Liqun , Xie Hong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT1) plays an important role in the pathophysiological process of inflammation. We aimed to investigate MALAT1 and its function in modulating miRNA-181a-3p and Bcl-2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods We analysed MALAT1 in ALI patients, as well as the alveolar epithelial cell models of LPS-induced injury. The expression of MALAT1 and miRNA-181a-3p were evaluated by qRT-PCR, and Bcl-2 was measured by western blot. Inflammatory factors tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels were also quantified by qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was used to verify direct interaction between MALAT1 and miRNA-181a-3p, or miRNA-181a-3p and Bcl-2. Transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis. Results Serum MALAT1 and Bcl-2 levels decreased in ALI patients, whereas miRNA-181a-3p, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels increased (P<0.01). MALAT1 was inversely correlated to miRNA-181a-3p (R=-0.508, P=0.0031) in ALI patients. SiMALAT1 transfection upregulated miRNA-181a-3p level and downregulated Bcl-2 expression, aggravating alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis. MiRNA-181a-3p downregulated the Bcl-2 expression both in LPS-induced ALI rats and alveolar epithelial cells, as well as promoted apoptosis. TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels increased after LPS stimulation and siMALAT1 transfection. Conclusions The results demonstrate that LPS-induced ALI decreases lncRNA MALAT1, increases miRNA-181a-3p and inflammatory factor expression, downregulates the Bcl-2 level and promotes alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis. Down-regulation of MALAT1 may erase the protection of alveolar epithelial cells from LPS-induced ALI via up-regulating of miRNA-181a-3p.
Monovalent cation/proton antiporters (CPAs) in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis): genome-wide identification, molecular evolutionary and functional description
Authors: Wu Lin , Wu Min , Liu Huanlong , Gao Yameng , Chen Feng , Xiang Yan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Plant monovalent cation/proton enantiomer (CPA) family is a type of transmembrane transporters that plays an important role in resistance to plant abiotic stresses such as salt, drought and osmotic stress. Results: In this study, 32 CPA family members were firstly identified from moso bamboo, and divided into two subfamilies, including 8 in CPA1 and 24 in CPA2. Members of the same group shared similar structures and subcellular localization predictions. Gene duplication analysis found that the expansion of the CPA genes in moso bamboo may depend on whole genome duplication (WGD) event approximately 11.18 million years ago (MYA). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that PheCPA proteins are ion transporter localized on the membrane, and the post-translational modifications (PTMs) prediction indicated there are many PTMs sites may be involved in regulating CPA protein functions. Promoter analysis revealed various cis-acting elements related to abiotic and biotic stresses, plant growth and development and phytohormone responses. The significant change of expression levels of eight PheNHXs, which belong to CPA1, under the treatment of ABA, NaCl and PEG, suggesting that they may have played an important role in moso bamboo response to these abiotic stresses. Additionally, PPI prediction reveals potential interaction proteins of PheNHX subfamily members. Conclusions: The results suggested that the CPA family may plays an important role in plant responses to stress conditions. The comprehensive identification and analysis of PheCPAs indicated that PheCPAs, particularly those genes encoding PheNHXs, might serve as valuable genetic resources for the improvement of moso bamboo growth and resistance to abiotic stress.
Arabidopsis ribosomal proteins RPL23aA and RPL23aB are functionally equivalent
Authors: Xiong Wei , Chen Xiangze , Zhu Chengxin , Zhang Jiancong , Lan Ting , Liu Lin , Mo Beixin , Chen Xuemei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In plants, each ribosomal protein (RP) is encoded by a small gene family but it is largely unknown whether the family members are functionally diversified. There are two RPL23a paralogues genes (RPL23aA and RPL23aB ) found in Arabidopsis thaliana. Knock-down of RPL23aA using RNAi impeded growth and led to morphological abnormalities, whereas knock-out of RPL23aB had no observable phenotype, thus these two RPL23a paralogous proteins have been used as examples of ribosomal protein paralogues with functional divergence in many published papers. Results: In this study, we characterized T-DNA insertion mutants of RPL23aA and RPL23aB. A rare non-allelic non-complementation phenomenon was found in the F1 progeny of the rpl23aa X rpl23ab cross, which revealed a dosage effect of these two genes. Both of RPL23aA and RPL23aB were found to be expressed almost in all examined tissues as revealed by GUS reporter analysis. Expression of RPL23aB driven by the RPL23aA promoter can rescue the phenotype of rpl23aa, indicating these two proteins are actually equivalent in function. Interestingly, based on the publicly available RNA-seq data, we found that these two RPL23a paralogues were expressed in a concerted manner and the expression level of RPL23aA was much higher than that of RPL23aB at different developmental stages and in different tissues. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that RPL23aA and RPL23aB proteins actually have equal function and presence of paralogous genes for the RPL23a protein in plants might be necessary to maintain its adequate dosage.
Causes Of Pertussis Incidence Increase
Authors: Prygiel Marta , Mosiej Ewa , Zasada Aleksandra Anna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Bordetella pertussis is an etiological factor of whooping cough. Despite global vaccination programs, this disease remains endemic in many countries and is still recognized as a significant public health problem. It is estimated that in 2014, around 24 million people worldwide contracted pertussis, of whom 160,700 children under the age of 5 died. Two types of pertussis vaccines are available: suspensions based on whole, killed, B. pertussis cells and acellular pertussis vaccines containing highly purified bacterial antigens. Due to concerns of potential neurological side effects of the whole-cell vaccines, less reactogenic acellular vaccines are now more commonly used. In recent years, many developed countries have reported a resurgence of pertussis disease despite of the high vaccine coverage. Several causes have been suggested for the re-emergence of pertussis including waning immunity and bacterial adaptation resulting from the selection pressure of the used vaccinations.
1. Introduction. 2. Virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis. 3. Pathogenesis of pertussis infection. 4. Clinical symptoms of pertussis. 5. Epidemiology. 6. Genetic variation in Bordetella pertussis. 7. Whole-cell pertussis vaccines. 8. Acellular pertussis vaccines. 9. Future pertussis vaccines. 10. Summary
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Boulardii In Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Gałązka Przemysław , Baska Aleksandra , Kazik Jakub , Leis Kamil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Probiotics are organisms which belong to the fungi or bacteria groups and affect e.g., bacterial flora in the intestinum or inflammation site by reduction of the condition. They are applied in many cases, such as food allergies, diarrhea, autoimmunologic disorders, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) that affects 10% of the world population. Due to the lack of proper pharmacological treatment which would result in complete remission, probiotic preparations which lead to a reduction of the symptoms are one of the most often used drugs. Among them, Saccharomycces cerevisiae var. boulardii has a high efficacy of IBS treatment. There are three main mechanisms of action of this probiotic: antimicrobial activity (direct or anti-toxin), trophic activity, and anti-inflammatory activity.
1. Introduction. 2. Irritable bowel syndrome. 3. History. 4. Morphology. 5. Mechanism of action. 5.1. Luminal action. 5.2. Trophic action. 5.3. Anti-inflammatory action. 6. Taxonomy. 7. Probiotics. 8. Summary
Hydrological modeling as a tool for water resources management of the data-scarce Brahmaputra basin
Authors: Dutta Pulendra , Sarma Arup Kumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA robust hydrological assessment is a challenging task in regions of limited hydro-climatological information. This level of uncertainty is further augmented in studies of flood hydrology for regions like the Brahmaputra River basin, where spatial variations of topography, land use, soil, and weather components are very high. The present study describes the development of a suitable hydrologic model for the data-scarce transboundary Brahmaputra River basin occupying an area of more than 5,42,000 km2. The main objective is to provide hydrologic assessment of the Brahmaputra River basin, even at locations having hardly any historical records. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is calibrated and validated using observed discharge of three sections located on the main stem. The results show a fair strength of the statistical parameters. Moreover, the model has been found to produce a satisfactory replica of historical flows at the tributaries with a fair value of correlation (R2 = 0.77) at Golaghat. The results of this model would facilitate the ability of the local authorities with science-based elements to carry out decisions on the management of water resources at the main basin, and even at the sub-basin level.
How to incorporate climate change into modelling environmental water outcomes: a review
Authors: John Andrew , Nathan Rory , Horne Avril , Stewardson Michael , Webb J. Angus 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Environmental water represents a key resource in managing freshwater ecosystems against pervasive threats. The impacts of climate change add further pressures to environmental water management, yet anticipating these impacts through modelling approaches remains challenging due to the complexities of the climate, hydrological and ecological systems. In this paper, we review the challenges posed by each of these three areas. Large uncertainties in predicting climatic changes and non-stationarities in hydrological and ecological responses make anticipating impacts difficult. In addition, a legacy of relying on modelling approaches informed by historic dependencies in environmental water science may confound the prediction of ecological responses when extrapolating under novel conditions. We also discuss applying ecohydrological methods to support decision-making and review applications of bottom-up climate impact assessments (specifically eco-engineering decision scaling) to freshwater ecosystems. These approaches offer a promising way of incorporating climatic uncertainty and balancing competing environmental objectives, but some practical challenges remain in their adoption for modelling environmental water outcomes under climate change.
Domestic wastewater treatment by real-scale electrocoagulation process
Authors: Koyuncu Serdar , Arıman Sema 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, domestic wastewaters originating from a settlement with a population of 17,500 were treated by electrocoagulation process in a real-scale EC plant and the economic applicability of the process was investigated. The removal efficiencies of control parameters in the influent and effluent of the real-scale treatment plant such as suspended solids (SS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and changes of pH and conductivity parameters were monitored for 12 months. The obtained data were evaluated according to European Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive, Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation and Turkish Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation. According to the results obtained, the removal efficiencies of the pollutant parameters were achieved in the range of 72–83% for SS, 67–80% for COD, 69–81% for BOD, 21–47% for TN and 27–46% for TP. Considering the Turkish wastewater discharge regulations, it can be concluded that the discharge standards for SS, COD and BOD parameters were achieved while they were not achieved in certain periods for TN and TP. In addition, the energy consumption and the operating cost of this real-scale plant were determined to be 0.49–0.54 kWh/m3 and 0.24–0.28 EUR/m3, respectively.
Cost-effective synthesis method of facile environment friendly SnO2 nanoparticle for efficient photocatalytic degradation of water contaminating compound
Authors: Chakraborty Sucharita , Roy Mouni , Saha Rajnarayan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present study demonstrates an intensive experimental work based on the tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticle synthesis which was successfully carried out by a simple conventional precipitation method followed by calcination at 700 °C. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The XRD pattern proves that tetragonal rutile structure SnO2 nanoparticles were formed. The crystallite particle size calculation from Scherer's equation revealed the average size of 28.5 nm. The absorption spectrum of SnO2 nanoparticles showed absorption band at about 290 nm and the band gap energy (Eg) from Tauc plot was obtained at 3.8 eV. The photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical compound, 4-aminopyridine (5 ppm) using synthesized SnO2 nanoparticle, was assessed. The effect of variable catalyst dosage, pH and irradiation sources, were studied. The optimum catalyst dosage and pH were found to be 1.5 gm/L and 6.5, respectively. The degradation efficiency of water contaminant 4-aminopyridine under UV light and solar light irradiation for 120 min were found to be 97% and 11%, respectively. The reusability of the catalyst was checked and has been found stable after three photocatalytic runs.
Real-Time Streaming of Surgery Performance and Intraoperative Imaging Data in the Hybrid Operating Room: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Lin Chun-Cheng , Chen Yu-Pin , Chiang Chao-Ching , Chang Ming-Chau , Lee Oscar Kuang-Sheng 
Published: March 2020

Background
The trend of quick evolution and increased digital data in today’s operating rooms (ORs) has led to the construction of hybrid ORs. There is often a main control room with monitors for integrating intraoperative data from multiple devices in the hybrid OR. However, there is no adequate solution for communicating the data with people outside the OR.

Objective
The objective of this study was to design an intelligent operating room (iOR) system, augmented onto the existing information technology (IT) infrastructure of hybrid ORs, to stream surgery performance and intraoperative imaging data.

Methods
In this study, an all-in-one device with synergetic encoder and decoder was used. The device was able to stream multiple sources to one display. The lossless video and images from specific surgical workflows were streamed outside the hybrid OR through network protocols and were further managed by a streaming server and wireless control system. The steps of this study included the following: (1) defining the requirements and feasibility of an iOR system in the hybrid OR, (2) connecting multiple sources, (3) setting up equipment across the hybrid OR and a conference room, (4) designing a video management system, and (5) real-time streaming under specific surgical workflows.

Results
The wired streamed video was shown simultaneously on the display in the hybrid OR and the display in the conference room with near-zero latency. Additionally, an interactive video between the hybrid OR and the conference room was achieved through the bidirectional wireless control system. The functions of recording, archiving, and playback were successfully provided by the streaming server. The readily available hardware components and open-access programming reduced the cost required to construct this streaming system.

Conclusions
This flexible and cost-effective iOR system not only provided educational benefits, but also contributed to surgical telementoring.