bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selectable and Releasable Noncovalent Functionalization of Semiconducting SWCNTs by Biethynyl‐2,5‐bis(dodecoxy)benzene Unit‐Containing Conjugated Copolymers
Authors: Wei Xia , Maimaitiyiming Xieraili 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA rigid structural unit diethynyl‐2,5‐bis(dodecoxy)benzene (DDB) is proposed to functionalize single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with the assistance of pyrimidine ring. The effectiveness of conjugated polymer extraction of semiconducting SWCNTs is demonstrated by absorption and Raman spectroscopy. The protonated pyrimidine ring by the trifluoroacetic acid is used to reduce the interaction between polymer and SWCNTs that the bound wrapping polymer can be removed from the sorted SWCNTs, and molecular dynamics simulations of the binding ability of DDB and pyrimidine units to SWCNTs are conducted to further illustrate the strong binding ability of DDB units to SWCNTs. Therefore, this work provides an effective structural and theoretical reference for polymer separation or modification of semiconducting SWCNTs.
Influence of additive materials on the roughness of AISI D2 steel in electrical discharge machining (EDM) environment
Authors: Abbas M.A. , Lajis M.A. , Abbas D.R. , Merzah O.M. , Kadhim M.H. , Shamran A.A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe quality of the machined surface resulted from the electrical discharge machining (EDM) environment is not efficient according to the previous studies. One of the significant problems is the impedance of dielectric fluid, where it is contributing to focusing the plasma channel in a limited area. Hence, this behavior leads to appearing deep craters on the machined zone. The researchers have attempted to enhance the average of surface roughness by employing powder particles or surfactant as the additive materials in the dielectric fluid. Unfortunately, these studies did not present a comparison between these additive materials in this environment. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the performance of the average of surface roughness (Ra) for AISI D2 steel by utilizing Nano chromium powder (NCP) and Span‐20. The present work has proved that the behavior of the average of surface roughness for this steel is dropping at the maximum level of Nano chromium powder concentration and pulse duration as compared to the behavior with the Span‐20. Moreover, the best roughness was produced by this steel with Nano chromium powder at 2 g/L and 20 μs for this powder and the pulse duration.
Heterozygous nonsense ARX mutation in a family highlights the complexity of clinical and molecular diagnosis in case of chromosomal and single gene disorder co‐inheritance
Authors: Traversa Alice , Marchionni Enrica , Giovannetti Agnese , Genovesi Maria L. , Panzironi Noemi , Margiotti Katia , Napoli Giulia , Piceci Sparascio Francesca , De Luca Alessandro , Petrizzelli Francesco , Carella Massimo , Cardona Francesco , Bernardo Silvia , Manganaro Lucia , Mazza Tommaso , Pizzuti Antonio , Caputo Viviana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCorpus callosum agenesis (ACC) is one of the most frequent Central Nervous System (CNS) malformations. However, genetics underlying isolated forms is still poorly recognized. Here, we report on two female familial cases with partial ACC. The proband shows isolated partial ACC and a mild neurodevelopmental phenotype. A fetus from a previous interrupted pregnancy exhibited a complex phenotype including partial ACC and the occurrence of a de novo 17q12 microduplication, which was interpreted as probably disease‐causing.MethodsA trio‐based clinical exome sequencing (CES) was performed.ResultsClinical exome sequencing data analysis led to identifying a heterozygous nonsense variant (NM_139058.3:c.922G>T; NP_620689.1:p.Glu308Ter) in the aristaless related homeobox gene (ARX) in the proband, with a putative de novo occurrence, producing a hypothetical protein lacking two essential domains. Sanger analysis confirmed the wild‐type status of both parents in different tissues, and disclosed the occurrence of the nonsense variant in the fetus of the interrupted pregnancy, suggesting a formerly unrecognized contribution of the ARX mutation to the fetus' phenotype and gonadal or gonadosomatic mosaicism in one of the parents.ConclusionThis study describes the phenotype associated with a heterozygous loss of function variant in ARX. Moreover, it highlights the importance of investigating both chromosomal and genetic contributions in cases of complex syndromic phenotypes involving CNS.
Patterns and Potential Drivers of Steelhead Smolt Migration in Southern California
Authors: Booth Michael T. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Downstream migration of smolts is a critical aspect of the life history pathway for anadromous salmonids. Timing of downstream migration can vary along latitudinal and climatic gradients. Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss occur over a broad range of climate and hydrologic conditions, but relatively little is known about migration timing of smolts in the southern extent of the species’ range. Using a 19-year data set (1994–2014) of smolt arrivals collected in a downstream migrant trap at the Vern Freeman Diversion facility on the Santa Clara River, one of the largest coastal watersheds in southern California, I report patterns of migration and potential environmental drivers determining migration timing. Large sections of the Santa Clara River and the confluences of its perennial tributaries are intermittent except during winter and spring stormflows, limiting migration opportunities. If tributaries were connected, smolts were regularly encountered in the downstream migrant trap between March and May, with rare observations of downstream migrants in January (0.1%) or February (0.3%). Although these migration data are limited by low smolt abundance and sampling efficiency during high-flow events, potential environmental drivers were identified as cues for smolt migration timing in this region. Day length was a consistent predictor of smolt migration, while hydrology was both a constraint and a cue, with migrants only arriving after tributaries had reconnected to the main stem and with many arrivals occurring weeks or months after storm events had passed. Smolt migration was not consistently synchronized with periods when intermittent sections of the main stem were wetted and passable to the ocean. Between 0% and 70% of smolts arrived at the Vern Freeman Diversion after natural flows were likely insufficient for passage to the ocean. Smolt migration is a critical piece of the management puzzle for southern California steelhead, and these data will serve to inform effective management strategies and research needs for the successful recovery of the species.
Voiding conditions, renal and bowel function in a cohort of adults with spina bifida
Authors: Ehrén Ingrid , Lindbo Lena , Gabrielsson Hanna , Bendt Martina , Seiger Åke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo map voiding patterns, degree of continence, use of drugs for voiding disorders, kidney function and surgical interventions but also the bowel function in a near‐total regional cohort of adults with spina bifida aged more than or equal to 18 years.MethodsAll individuals more than or equal to 18 years of age with spina bifida registered at a regional outpatient clinic (n = 219) were invited to participate, of which 196 persons were included. Bladder and bowel function were assessed according to questions used by the Nordic Spinal Cord Injury Registry by structured interviews and questionnaires in combination with review of patient charts including kidney function.ResultsTwenty percent of the patients voided spontaneously. Fifty‐four percent used clean intermittent catherization (CIC) and of these, 14% had also undergone augmentation of the bladder and/or implantation of an artificial sphincter or sling, 23% had undergone major urological surgery, and 3% had an indwelling catheter. Seventeen percent of patients voiding spontaneously or using CIC reported total continence but as many as 36% reported daily leakage. Anticholinergics was the most common drug, used by 21% in the total cohort. About 13% of the patients had a reduced kidney function but only 1.5% had end stage renal failure. Seventy‐three percent had problems emptying the bowel and 18% experienced fecal leakage weekly or even daily.ConclusionWe found a large variation in problems with bladder and bowel function in this adult group of persons with spina bifida. A structured customized program for follow‐up seems necessary to optimize their health status in these areas.
Functional heterogeneity of PDGFRα (+) cells in spontaneously active urogenital tissues
Authors: Hashitani Hikaru , Mitsui Retsu , Lang Richard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsAs PDGFRα (+) cells appear not to suppress the excitability of detrusor smooth muscle by generating SK3‐dependent hyperpolarising as proposed in the gastrointestinal tract, we further explored the functional roles of PDGFRα (+) cells in regulating the spontaneous activity of urogenital tissues.MethodsUsing PDGFRα‐eGFP mice, intracellular Ca2+ signaling in PDGFRα (+) cells of the bladder lamina propria, renal pelvis, and seminal vesicle were visualized using Cal‐590 fluorescence. The distribution and SK3 expression of PDGFRα (+) cells were also examined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn the bladder lamina propria, SK3 (−) PDGFRα (+) cells exhibited spontaneous Ca2+ transients and responded to stimulation of P2Y1 purinoceptors with MRS2365 (100 nM) or adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (100 μM) by developing Ca2+ transients. In the proximal renal pelvis, PDGFRα (+) cells were distributed in the mucosal, muscular and serosal layers but did not express SK3 immunoreactivity. PDGFRα (+) cells in the musculature resembling atypical smooth muscle cells generated spontaneous Ca2+ transients that were partially suppressed upon P2Y1‐stimulation, while vigorously responding to human angiotensin II (100 nM). In the seminal vesicle, PDGFRα (+) cells in the musculature but not mucosa expressed SK3 immunoreactivity. In the mucosa, the P2Y1 stimulation evoked Ca2+ transients in both PDGFRα (+) cells and PDGFRα (−) cells.ConclusionPDGFRα (+) cells in spontaneously active urogenital tissues display heterogeneity in terms of their SK3 expression and P2Y1‐induced Ca2+ responses. Muscular PDGFRα (+) cells in the renal pelvis and mucosal PDGFRα (+) cells in the seminal vesicle may generate depolarizing signals to drive smooth muscle cells.
A proposal for the addressing the needs of the pediatric pulmonary work force
Authors: Gaston Benjamin , Laguna Theresa A. , Noah Terry L. , Hagood James , Voynow Judith , Ferkol Thomas , Hershenson Marc , Boyne Katie , Delecaris Angela , Ross Kristie , Gozal David , Celedón Juan C. , Abman Steven H. , Moore Paul , Davis Stephanie , Cornfield David N. , Murphy Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnprecedented opportunities and daunting difficulties are anticipated in the future of pediatric pulmonary medicine. To address these issues and optimize pediatric pulmonary training, a group of faculty from various institutions met in 2019 and proposed specific, long‐term solutions to the emerging problems in the field. Input on these ideas was then solicited more broadly from faculty with relevant expertise and from recent trainees. This proposal is a synthesis of these ideas. Pediatric pulmonology was among the first pediatric specialties to be grounded deliberately in science, requiring its fellows to demonstrate expertise in scientific inquiry (1). In the future, we will need more training in science, not less. Specifically, the scope of scientific inquiry will need to be broader. The proposal outlined below is designed to help optimize the practices of current providers and to prepare the next generation to be leaders in pediatric care in the future. We are optimistic that this can be accomplished. Our broad objectives are (a) to meet the pediatric subspecialty workforce demand by increasing interest and participation in pediatric pulmonary training; (b) to modernize training to ensure that future pediatric pulmonologists will be prepared clinically and scientifically for the future of the field; (c) to train pediatric pulmonologists who will add value in the future of pediatric healthcare, complemented by advanced practice providers and artificial intelligence systems that are well‐informed to optimize quality healthcare delivery; and (d) to decrease the cost and improve the quality of care provided to children with respiratory diseases.
Analysis of Electric Explosion Performance of Ni/Cu Multilayer Foil
Authors: Ye Qin , Fu Qiubo , Lei Fan , Yang Shuang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMultilayer film is widely used in mechanical, optical, electronic, computer, sensor, recording, aerospace and weapon applications. In the thin‐film energy conversion device, it is desirable to use film to convert more energy. This work investigated the electric explosion performance of Ni/Cu multilayer films that were prepared by using the electrodeposition method. The cross‐section SEM image verified the layered structure of Ni/Cu multilayer foil. The metal in the Ni/Cu multilayer film grew in polycrystalline. The temperature of exothermic reaction in the Ni/Cu multilayer started at 1056 °C. We measured the current and voltage curves of foils with different bridge area. The combination of Cu and Ni in multilayer could improve the initial resistance of foil. The deposited energy of Ni/Cu multilayer foil with a bridge area of 0.4×0.4 mm was 105.57 mJ while the bridge area of 0.3×0.3 mm was 93.05 mJ at charging voltage of 3000 V. Compared with Cu foil, Ni/Cu multilayer foil with bridge area of 0.4×0.4 mm burst earlier and deposited 10.5 mJ more energy. As a result, when the modulation cycle of Ni/Cu multilayer film is 200/300 nm, the Ni/Cu multilayer foil with a bridge area of 0.4×0.4 mm has potential application in exploding foil.
C1188D mutation abolishes specific recognition between MLL1‐CXXC domain and CpG site by inducing conformational switch of flexible N‐terminal
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Qi Yanping , Duan Yong , Duan Mojie , Yang Minghui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMixed lineage leukemia protein (MLL1 protein) recognizes the CpG site via its CXXC domain and is frequently associated with leukemia. The specific recognition is abolished by C1188D mutation, which also prevents MLL‐related leukemia. In this paper, multiple molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the mechanism of recognition and influences of C1188D mutation. Started from fully dissociated DNA and MLL1‐CXXC domain, remarkably, the center of mass (COM) of MLL1‐CXXC domain quickly concentrates on the vicinity of the CpG site in all 53 short MD simulations. Extended simulations of the wild type showed that the native complex formed in 500 ns among 4 of 53 simulations. In contrast, the C1188D mutant COM distributed broadly around the DNA and the native complex was not observed in any of the extended simulations. Simulations on the apo MLL1‐CXXC domain further suggest that the wild type protein remained predominantly in an open form that closely resembles its structure in the native complex whereas C1188D mutant formed predominantly compact structures in which the N‐ terminal bends to D1188. This conformational switch hinders the formation of encounter complex, thus abolishes the recognition. Our study also provides clues to the study mechanism of recognition, by the CXXC domain from proteins like DNA methyltransferase and ten‐eleven translocation enzymes.
Dynamic aspects of pressure and temperature‐stabilized intermediates of outer surface protein A
Authors: Wakamoto Takuro , Kitazawa Soichiro , Kameda Tomoshi , Kitahara Ryo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStructural characterization of alternatively folded and partially disordered protein conformations remains challenging. Outer surface protein A (OspA) is a pivotal protein in Borrelia infection, which is the etiological agent of Lyme disease. OspA exists in equilibrium with intermediate conformations, in which the central and the C‐terminal regions of the protein have lower stabilities than the N‐terminal. Here, we characterize pressure‐ and temperature‐stabilized intermediates of OspA by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE). We found that although the C‐terminal region of the intermediate was partially disordered, it retains weak specific contact with the N‐terminal region, owing to a twist of the central β‐sheet and increased flexibility in the polypeptide chain. The disordered C‐terminal region of the pressure‐stabilized intermediate was more compact than that of the temperature‐stabilized form. Further, molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that temperature‐induced disordering of the β‐sheet was initiated at the C‐terminal region and continued through to the central region. An ensemble of simulation snapshots qualitatively described the PRE data from the intermediate and indicated that the intermediate structures of OspA may expose tick receptor‐binding sites more readily than does the basic folded conformation.
Finite‐time consensus of multiagent systems with input saturation and disturbance
Authors: Chen Duxin , Lu Tian , Liu Xiaolu , Yu Wenwu 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis study focuses on distributed finite‐time consensus control of second‐order multiagent systems (MASs) with of both input saturation and disturbances. To achieve finite‐time consensus of the MAS with input saturation, a distributed controller is designed by considering relative position and relative velocity measurements. In particular, a continuous integral sliding mode method is designed to deal with bounded disturbances. With the proposed controller, the system state enters the sliding mode from any initial state and will be stably and reliably maintained, where the disturbance can be compensated by a disturbance observer. Based on the continuous homogeneous theory, it is validated that the proposed combined protocol will guarantee finite‐time consensus of MASs in the format of second‐order integrators with input saturation and disturbances. Both the leader‐following and leaderless cases are considered and solved in this study. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations.
Der CAD‐integrierte parametrische Entwurfsprozess von Membrantragwerken
Authors: Goldbach Ann‐Kathrin , Bauer Anna M. , Wüchner Roland , Bletzinger Kai‐Uwe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDer Entwurf von Membrantragwerken umfasst drei miteinander stark verknüpfte und zum Teil sehr interaktive Disziplinen: Formfindung, Strukturanalyse und Zuschnitt. Um diese verschiedenen Aufgaben und die jeweils dafür spezialisierten Analysetypen miteinander in Einklang zu bringen und somit eine tragfähige Membran zu entwerfen, bedarf es leistungsfähiger numerischer Simulationsumgebungen. Mit der CAD‐integrierten Analyse wurde die Möglichkeit geschaffen, diese hochgradig nichtlinearen Analysen direkt in der CAD‐Umgebung durchzuführen. Dadurch verbessert sich zum einen die geometrische Qualität des Analysemodells, das durch glatte NURBS‐Kurven und Flächen beschrieben wird. Zum anderen lassen sich auch die Abhängigkeiten der einzelnen Berechnungsschritte ideal abbilden, da Pre‐ und Post‐Processing in einer einheitlichen Umgebung stattfinden und mit demselben Modell beschrieben werden. Beispielsweise kann eine formgefundene Fläche direkt für weitere Analysen verwendet werden. Die Grundlage hierfür bildet die Isogeometrische B‐Rep‐Analyse (IBRA), die in diesem Beitrag kurz erläutert wird. Bei der isogeometrischen Methode werden NURBS sowohl für die Geometriebeschreibung als auch zur Definition der Ansatzfunktionen im Sinne der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode genutzt. Zudem kann ein parametrisches Modell mit geometrischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften erstellt werden, welches Formfindung, Strukturanalyse und Zuschnitt auf der Basis des gleichen numerischen Modells erlaubt. Somit können am Modell beinahe unendlich viele Konfigurationen mit geringstem Aufwand untersucht werden. Dieser Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über die aktuellen Methoden und Vorteile des CAD‐integrierten Entwurfskreislaufs für Membrantragwerke und erläutert die zugrunde liegenden mechanischen Aspekte. Hierfür wird das frei verfügbare Plugin Kiwi!3D für Rhino und Grasshopper in der Anwendung auf die textilen Bauten des Tanzbrunnens in Köln gezeigt.
Quercetin exerts bidirectional regulation effects on the efficacy of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer therapy: An in vitro study
Authors: Xu Zhixiang , Zhao Dimeng , Zheng Xianyao , Huang Bin , Xia Xueshan , Pan Xuejun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTamoxifen was widely applied in the therapy of estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer. With the purpose of determining the potential impacts of quercetin on its effectiveness, MCF‐7 cells were selected as the in vitro model and several cellular biological behaviors (ie, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, apoptosis, and oxidative stress) were investigated. As results, quercetin showed contrasting dose‐response to cellular behaviors dependent on the ROS‐regulated p53 signaling pathways. In detail, quercetin promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis at low concentrations, whereas high‐concentration resulted in apoptosis induction. Moreover, quercetin at a low concentration significantly inhibited tamoxifen‐induced antiproliferation in MCF‐7 cells, whereas high concentrations enhanced cell apoptosis in a synergetic manner. The real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis further implied that quercetin exerted its dual roles in tamoxifen‐induced antiproliferative effects by regulated the gene expression involved in cell metastasis, cycle, and apoptosis through the ER pathways. Our present study provides a considerable support to the combination of quercetin and tamoxifen on human ER‐positive breast carcinoma management.
Education as Design for Learning: A Model for Integrating Education Inquiry Across Research Traditions
Authors: Halverson Richard , Halverson Erica Rosenfeld 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow can we build on the diversity of approaches and methods used in educational researches to develop a shared research enterprise? We propose that all approaches to education research can be described in terms of the concept of education as design for learning. Design typically involves a plan to create something as well as the action taken to bring something new into the world. Education happens when people design learning opportunities for others. If education is the design for learning, then education research can be seen as the study of the design for learning. Instead of treating the efforts of education researchers as wildly divergent and incompatible quests, a design for learning perspective corrals the diverse methods of inquiry in education into the study of how people build, test, assess, and critique processes intended to guide learning. We suggest that the seemingly mutually exclusive approaches to education inquiry often presented in the literature might in fact serve as countervailing movements in an iterative design discourse of education research.
School-Based Teaching Research in China
Authors: Yu Wensen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo establish a school-based teaching research institution compatible with the new curriculum responds to the urgent demands of current school development and teacher growth, as well as facilitates further reform of teaching research. School-based teaching research is applied research guided by theories and conducted by teachers. It targets at serving the new curriculum and promoting every student’s development. School-based teaching research usually focuses on school-level problems and issues identified in the curriculum implementation. Ideally, such research could solve practical problems as well as distill experiences through synthesis.