bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass loss and change in species dominance shift stream community excretion stoichiometry during severe drought
Authors: Hopper Garrett W. , Gido Keith B. , Pennock Casey A. , Hedden Skyler C. , Guinnip James P. , Fisher Molly A. , Tobler Courtney M. , Hedden Crosby K. , Bruckerhoff Lindsey A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Animals contribute significantly to nutrient cycling through excretion, but most studies consider their effects under relatively benign abiotic conditions. Disturbances such as drought may alter animals’ nutrient contributions through shifts in species composition and biomass. Headwater streams are particularly vulnerable to extreme climate events and thus might show rapid changes in stream biota and their ecosystem effects.

We tested how biomass and subsequent ecosystem effects (nutrient cycling) of an intermittent prairie stream community changed during a drought. We quantified the biomass and contributions to nutrient cycling for assemblages comprising fishes, crayfish, and tadpoles in 12 isolated pools over 3 months encompassing the harshest drought on record for Kings Creek, KS, U.S.A. We predicted that macroconsumer biomass would decline with pool surface area and that differences in macroconsumer biomass and taxonomic composition would lead to different contributions of pool assemblages to nutrient cycling.

The biomass of pool assemblages declined with decreasing pool size, a pattern apparently driven by mortality, emigration, or metamorphosis. We also observed a change in assemblage structure of drying pools during drought relative to pool size, shifting dominance toward species with more drought‐resistant traits. Accordingly, assemblage nitrogen (N) excretion rates declined as pool biomass was reduced, leading to a 58% reduction in N available to epilithic biofilms. Phosphorus (P) excretion rates declined from June to July, but increased in August, as species with high P excretion rates maintained similar proportional biomass and biomass of a non‐native fish increased. Molar N:P of pool assemblage excretion declined significantly throughout the drought and coincided with loss of southern redbelly dace (Chrosomus erythrogaster: Cyprinidae).

Animal‐mediated nutrient cycling was altered by the loss of biomass and stoichiometric traits of taxa that differed in their occurrences and ability to tolerate abiotic conditions during drought. Elevated availability of dissolved N in isolated pools may increase N uptake rates by biofilms during drought conditions, indicating the importance of N excreted by aggregated macroconsumers, especially those with unique stoichiometric traits. While the significance of shifts in the composition of freshwater communities to ecosystems is not entirely known, additional losses in ecosystem function and changes in community structure may follow episodes of severe drought.
Some challenges and opportunities for grazing dairy cows on temperate pastures
Authors: Wilkinson J. Michael , Lee Michael R. F. , Rivero M. Jordana , Chamberlain A. Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGrazing plays an important role in milk production in most regions of the world. In this review, some challenges to the grazing cow are discussed together with opportunities for future improvement. We focus on daily feed intake, efficiency of pasture utilization, output of milk per head, environmental impact of grazing and the nutritional quality to humans of milk produced from dairy cows in contrasting production systems. Challenges are discussed in the context of a trend towards increased size of individual herds and include limited and variable levels of daily herbage consumption, lower levels of milk output per cow, excessive excretion of nitrogenous compounds and requirements for minimal periods of grazing regardless of production system. A major challenge is to engage more farmers in making appropriate adjustments to their grazing management. In relation to product quality, the main challenge is to demonstrate enhanced nutritional/processing benefits of milk from grazed cows. Opportunities include more accurate diet formulations, supplementation of grazed pasture to match macro‐ and micronutrient supply with animal requirement and plant breeding. The application of robotics and artificial intelligence to pasture management will assist in matching daily supply to animal requirement. Wider consumer recognition of the perceived enhanced nutritional value of milk from grazed cows, together with greater appreciation of the animal health, welfare and behavioural benefits of grazing should contribute to the future sustainability of demand for milk from dairy cows on pasture.
The impact of foreign influence on exporting through open innovation
Authors: Thompson Piers , Zang Wenyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractForeign direct investment brings both increased competitive pressures and opportunities for domestic Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Competition may force them to seek new international markets, but also provide access to international customers. However, as economies become more knowledge‐based in order to access international markets, SMEs must seek to innovate. This study examines how foreign firm presence and innovation influence the exporting activities of SMEs. It contributes to the existing literature by dividing innovation into product/process innovation and in‐house/open innovation. With open innovation, products are more likely to be novel and productivity boosted to a larger degree. We interact different types of innovation with foreign influence to examine whether there is a moderating influence on the relationship. The individual firm level data and foreign influence data are from the Longitudinal Small Business Survey and Office for National Statistics. Whether firms are active exporters is explored using multilevel logit regressions. Both innovative activities and the foreign influence increase the likelihood of exporting. In‐house product innovation boosts export propensity to a lesser degree in areas with higher levels of foreign influence. The hypothesis that open innovation has more impact on exporting activities when foreign influence is greater is not supported for either type of innovation.
Chromic phosphate‐32 colloid radiosynovectomy for the treatment of haemophilic synovitis: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Ebrahimpour Adel , Ebrahiminasab Mehdi , Kaseb Mohammadhasan , Asadollahi Saeed , Mortazavi SM Javad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimWe previously reported the outcome of chromic phosphate‐32(32P) colloid synoviorthesis in 53 haemophilic patients with an average follow‐up of 31 months. The purpose of the present study was the long‐term follow‐up of the same cohort on both clinical and radiographic features.MaterialsNine patients failed to attend the recall appointment. The mean follow‐up for the remaining 44 patients (52 procedures) was 15 years (range, 14.6‐15.5). The mean age at the time of reassessment was 31 years (range, 18‐43).ResultsThe haemarthrosis frequency was not statistically significant at the latest follow‐up years compared with 31 months (0.8 vs 0.4 per week, P = .3). There was no significant change in the clinical severity of haemophilic arthropathy (P = .5). Most of the treated joints still are in stage III of Fernandez‐Palazzi and Caviglia classification. There was a trend towards the radiologic deterioration of arthritis with nearly 50% of patients at Arnold‐Hilgartner Stage V. 13% of patients underwent a total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The age at which the initial radiosynovectomy was performed was significantly higher in patients who had a TKA than those who had not (22 vs 15 years, P < .002).ConclusionThe bleeding control effect of 32P on the target joint remains over time; however, it did not appear to halt the progression of radiographic changes in haemophiliacs. It could delay the need for TKA if it performs at the right time.
The Influence of Migraine on Driving: Current Understanding, Future Directions, and Potential Implications of Findings
Authors: Tepper Stewart J. , Silberstein Stephen D. , Rosen Noah L. , Lipton Richard B. , Dennehy Ellen B. , Dowsett Sherie A. , Doty Erin 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo review the published findings relevant to migraine and driving performance, with an intent to encourage discussion on research which may broaden understanding in this area and help educate healthcare providers and their patients.BackgroundMotor vehicle crashes result in more than 35,000 deaths and more than 2 million injuries annually in the United States. Migraine is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, and many symptoms associated with migraine attacks have the potential to negatively influence driving ability.MethodsWe reviewed the published findings related to migraine and driving performance. Study findings relevant to symptoms of migraine and their potential effect on driving were also reviewed. This required a more expansive exploration of the literature beyond migraine, for example, review of the literature relating to the effect of pain, sleepiness, visual disturbances, or vertigo on driving. Finally, the potential effects of treatment for migraine on driving were reviewed.ResultsLiterature on the effect of migraine on driving performance is sparse and, in general published studies on the topic have a number of limitations. Based on review of the literature pertaining to other disorders, it seems feasible that some symptoms occurring as part of the migraine attack could impact driving performance, although formal study in this area is lacking. Many of the approved treatments for migraine have the potential to impact driving, yet this has not been specifically studied, and the extent to which these risks are communicated to patients is not clear.ConclusionThe impact of migraine on driving performance has been largely neglected, with few studies specifically designed to address the topic, and relevant studies were generally small with limited control of confounders. This area requires more focus, given a potential for impact on road safety.
Impact of lifestyle behaviors in early childhood on obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children: Results from the Spanish INMA birth cohort study
Authors: Bawaked Rowaedh Ahmed , Fernández‐Barrés Sílvia , Navarrete‐Muñoz Eva Maria , González‐Palacios Sandra , Guxens Mònica , Irizar Amaia , Lertxundi Aitana , Sunyer Jordi , Vioque Jesus , Schröder Helmut , Vrijheid Martine , Romaguera Dora 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundIdentifying modifiable lifestyle behaviors linked to childhood obesity is necessary to develop preventive strategies.ObjectiveTo estimate the association of five lifestyle behaviors in children aged 4 years on obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors at age 4 years and on obesity and blood pressure at age 7 years.MethodsWe used child lifestyle data from the INMA project at age 4 years (n = 1480). We constructed a child lifestyle score by summing five behaviors (physical activity, sleep time, television time, plant based foods and intake of ultra‐processed foods) and we categorized it into tertiles. At ages 4 and 7 years, we calculated age‐ and sex‐specific z‐scores for BMI, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure. At age 4, we also calculated age‐, and sex‐, specific z‐scores for triglycerides and HDL. We used linear and logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe lifestyle score was not associated with the outcomes at 4 years, but it was negatively associated with BMI and WC z‐scores at age 7 years. Children at age 4 years in the highest tertile of the score had lower risk of overweight or obesity at age 7 years (OR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.39; 0.96) and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.24; 0.96).ConclusionsHigher adherence to a healthy lifestyle at age 4 years decreased risk of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity at 7 years.
Ultraslow full‐power shock wave lithotripsy versus slow power‐ramping shock wave lithotripsy in stones with high attenuation value: A randomized comparative study
Authors: Al‐Dessoukey Ahmad A , Abdallah Mahmoud , Moussa Ayman S , Sayed Osama , Abdelbary Ahmed M , Abdallah Rabie , Massoud Amr M , Abdelhamid Mohamed H , Elmarakbi Akram A , Ragheb Ahmed M , ElSheemy Mohammed S , Ghoneima Waleed 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and safety of ultraslow full‐power versus slow rate, power‐ramping shock wave lithotripsy in the management of stones with a high attenuation value.MethodsThis was a randomized comparative study enrolling patients with single high attenuation value (≥1000 Hounsfield unit) stones (≤3 cm) between September 2015 and May 2018. Patients with skin‐to‐stone distance >11 cm or body mass index >30 kg/m2 were excluded. Electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy was carried out at rate of 30 shock waves/min for group A versus 60 shock waves/min for group B. In group A, power ramping was from 6 to 18 kV for 100 shock waves, then a safety pause for 2 min, followed by ramping 18–22 kV for 100 shock waves, then a safety pause for 2 min. This full power (22 kV) was maintained until the end of the session. In group B, power ramping was carried out with an increase of 4 kV each 500 shock waves, then maintained on 22 kV in the last 1000–1500 shock waves. Follow up was carried out up to 3 months after the last session. Perioperative data were compared, including the stone free rate (as a primary outcome) and complications (secondary outcome). Predicting factors for success were analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 100 patients in group A and 96 patients in group B were included. The stone‐free rate was significantly higher in group A (76% vs 38.5%; P < 0.001). Both groups were comparable in complication rates (20% vs 19.8%; P = 0.971). The stone‐free rate remained significantly higher in group A in logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 24.011, 95% confidence interval 8.29–69.54; P < 0.001).ConclusionsUltraslow full‐power shock wave lithotripsy for high attenuation value stones is associated with an improved stone‐free rate without affecting safety. Further validation studies are required using other shock wave lithotripsy machines.
EZH2 dysregulation: Potential biomarkers predicting prognosis and guiding treatment choice in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Chu Ming‐qiang , Zhang Ting‐juan , Xu Zi‐jun , Gu Yu , Ma Ji‐chun , Zhang Wei , Wen Xiang‐mei , Lin Jiang , Qian Jun , Zhou Jing‐dong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccumulating studies have proved EZH2 dysregulation mediated by mutation and expression in diverse human cancers including AML. However, the expression pattern of EZH2 remains controversial in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). EZH1/2 expression and mutation were analysed in 200 patients with AML. EZH2 expression was significantly decreased in AML patients compared with normal controls but not for EZH1 expression. EZH2 mutation was identified three of the 200 AML patients (1.5%, 3/200), whereas none of the patients harboured EZH1 mutation (0%, 0/200). EZH2 expression and mutation were significantly associated with −7/del(7) karyotypes. Moreover, lower EZH2 expression was associated with older age, higher white blood cells, NPM1 mutation, CEBPA wild‐type and WT1 wild‐type. Patients with EZH2 mutation showed shorter overall survival (OS) and leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) than patients without EHZ2 mutation after receiving autologous or allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, EZH2 expression has no effect on OS and LFS of AML patients. Notably, in EZH2 low group, patients undergone HSCT had significantly better OS and LFS compared with patients only received chemotherapy, whereas no significant difference was found in OS and LFS between chemotherapy and HSCT patients in EZH2 high group. Collectively, EZH2 dysregulation caused by mutation and under‐expression identifies specific subtypes of AML EZH2 dysregulation may be acted as potential biomarkers predicting prognosis and guiding the treatment choice between transplantation and chemotherapy.
IL‐17C amplifies epithelial inflammation in human psoriasis and atopic eczema
Authors: Lauffer F. , Jargosch M. , Baghin V. , Krause L. , Kempf W. , Absmaier‐Kijak M. , Morelli M. , Madonna S. , Marsais F. , Lepescheux L. , Albanesi C. , Müller N.S. , Theis F.J. , Schmidt‐Weber C. , Eyerich S. , Biedermann T. , Vandeghinste N. , Steidl S. , Eyerich K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundKey pathogenic events of psoriasis and atopic eczema (AE) are misguided immune reactions of the skin. IL‐17C is an epithelial‐derived cytokine, whose impact on skin inflammation is unclear.ObjectiveWe sought to characterize the role of IL‐17C in human ISD.MethodsIL‐17C gene and protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and transcriptome analysis. Primary human keratinocytes were stimulated and expression of cytokines chemokines was determined by qRT‐PCR and luminex assay. Neutrophil migration towards supernatant of stimulated keratinocytes was assessed. IL‐17C was depleted using a new IL‐17C‐specific antibody (MOR106) in murine models of psoriasis (IL‐23 injection model) and AE (MC903 model) as well as in human skin biopsies of psoriasis and AE. Effects on cell influx (mouse models) and gene expression (human explant cultures) were determined.ResultsExpression of IL‐17C mRNA and protein was elevated in various ISD. We demonstrate that IL‐17C potentiates the expression of innate cytokines, antimicrobial peptides (IL‐36G, S100A7 and HBD2) and chemokines (CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL5 and VEGF) and the autocrine induction of IL‐17C in keratinocytes. Cell‐free supernatant of keratinocytes stimulated with IL‐17C was strongly chemotactic for neutrophils, thus demonstrating a critical role for IL‐17C in immune cell recruitment. IL‐17C depletion significantly reduced cell numbers of T cells, neutrophils and eosinophils in murine models of psoriasis and AE and led to a significant downregulation of inflammatory mediators in human skin biopsies of psoriasis and AE ex vivo.ConclusionIL‐17C amplifies epithelial inflammation in Th2 and Th17 dominated skin inflammation and represents a promising target for the treatment of ISD.
Accuracy of SCORTEN to predict the prognosis of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Torres‐Navarro I. , Briz‐Redón Á. , Botella‐Estrada R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe SCORTEN score is a specific predictor of the probability of death for patients diagnosed with Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).ObjectivesTo evaluate the overall accuracy of SCORTEN and the influence of several moderators such as age, sex, geographical region and age of the study.MethodsA systematic search was performed on MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Knowledge, with no restriction on language (last update 5 February 2019 for all databases). Original studies on the use of SCORTEN were eligible. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR), defined as the quotient between the number of deaths observed and the number expected following SCORTEN, was taken as the measurement of analysis.ResultsSixty‐four papers were part of the main meta‐analysis carried out in the study. A pooled log(SMR) of −0.0889 (95% CI: −0.2023 to 0.0245) was obtained, suggesting a reasonable behaviour of SCORTEN as a predictor of mortality. The possible influence of several factors in the accuracy of SCORTEN was studied by means of meta‐regression models. Multivariate meta‐regression allowed finding that the mean age of the patients and the ending year of the study are the only factors that significantly influence SCORTEN predictions. The mean age of the group of patients was associated with a significant increase in the observed/expected ratio, whereas a progressive reduction in the observed/expected ratio can be appreciated over the years. Finally, an underestimation of mortality was found for SCORTEN values of 3 or less and the opposite for those above 3 (SCORTEN range: 0–7).ConclusionsThe rarity of the disease and the heterogeneity of the studies included are major limitations. Despite the overall remarkable accuracy displayed by SCORTEN, the influence of several factors, as comorbidities (e.g. renal impairment), involved body surface area and patient's age, seem of enough relevance to consider a redefinition of the scale.
Hot air drying kinetics of novel functional carrot snack: Impregnated using polyphenolic rich osmotic solution with ultrasound pretreatment
Authors: Maleki Mohammad , Shahidi Fakhri , Varidi Mohammad J. , Azarpazhooh Elham 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, osmotic impregnation technique combined with ultrasonic pretreatment was applied to carrot slices followed by hot air drying in order to production of functional and healthy snack enriched with polyphenolic compounds derived from roselle extract (at least 400 ppm). The purposes of osmotic impregnation‐dehydration process were the maximum amount of dehydration and phenolic compounds diffusion along with the minimum sugar gain. Results revealed that increasing osmotic solution concentration and process time over optimal points, resulted in reduction of phenolic compounds saturation inside the samples. Also, it was found that prolonged ultrasound pretreatment had a damaging effect on fruit tissue microchannels and led to a decrease in the mass transfer rate. The optimal conditions of this stage were osmotic solution concentration of 60% and the process time of 60 min without ultrasonic pretreatment. In the second stage, the results of hot air drying showed that the highest amount in the total phenolic content was achieved at 70°C. Furthermore, among the several models evaluated, Jena & Das model with a determination coefficient of 0.99 and minimum error indexes, was the best fitted to drying experimental data and activation energy for effective diffusivity coefficient was calculated as 35.987 kJ/mol.Practical applicationsDue to elevation in consumer's awareness in recent decades about the importance of food composition for healthier life and diseases prevention, demand for functional foods has been increasing. Food enrichment with bioactive compounds like polyphenol compounds from different plant sources is an applicable method for this purpose. In this study, carrot, which is a valuable vegetable itself, was further extended to a more functional food by enrichment with rosella plant extract and then hot air dried to produce a snack which has more nutritional quality than conventional ones. Also, osmotic dehydration results in lower moisture content of carrot slices which helps reduced hot air drying time and lower energy consumption. Overall, results from this research is usable to develop a functional snack based on carrot and rosella extract.