bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma induced clotting factor depletion in severely injured children: a single center observational study
Authors: Burggraf Manuel , Polan Christina , Husen Martin , Mester Bastian , Wegner Alexander , Spodeck Daniel , Dudda Marcel , Kauther Max Daniel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Coagulopathy following severe trauma contributes significantly to mortality. Impaired clotting factors have been observed in adult trauma patients, but in pediatric trauma victims their activity has not yet been investigated.

Methods
Sixteen pediatric trauma patients were evaluated according to the ISS and assigned to two cohorts. An additional control group (CO; n = 10) was formed. Routine coagulation parameters and the soluble clotting factors (F) were tested. Nonparametric data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results are reported as median and interquartile range.

Results
The ISS of severely (SI, n = 8) and mildly (MI, n = 8) injured children differed significantly (25 [19–28] vs. 5 [4–6]; p < 0.001). INR was elevated in the SI cohort only when compared to the CO (1.21 [1.04-1.58] vs. 0.96 [0.93-1.00]; p = 0.001). Differences between SI and MI were found for FII (67 [53-90] vs. 82 [76-114] %; p = 0.028), FV (76 [47-88] vs. 92 [82-99] %; p = 0.028), and FXIII (67 [62-87] vs. 90 [77-102] %; p = 0.021). Comparison of the SI with the CO (FII 122 [112-144] %; p < 0.001; FV 123 [100-142] %; p = 0.002; and FXIII 102 [79-115] %; p = 0.006) also revealed a reduction in the activity of these factors. Furthermore, fibrinogen (198 [80-242] vs. 296 [204-324] mg/dl; p = 0.034), FVII (71 [63-97] vs. 114 [100-152] %; p = 0.009), FIX (84 [67-103] vs. 110 [90-114] %; p = 0.043), and FX (70 [61-85] vs. 122 [96-140] %; p = 0.001) were reduced in the SI in comparison with the CO. Finally, FVIII was considerably, yet not significantly, increased in both patient cohorts (235 [91-320] % and 197 [164-238] %, respectively).

Conclusions
This study proves that children suffer a depletion of clotting factors following severe injury which basically reflects the findings for adult trauma patients. Attempts to correct the impaired clotting factor activity could be based on a specific hemostatic therapy involving administration of coagulation factors. Nevertheless, therapeutic implications need to be investigated in future studies.
Frequency-dependent gating of feedforward inhibition in thalamofrontal synapses
Authors: Lee Jungmin , Choi Joon Ho , Rah Jong-Cheol 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThalamic recruitment of feedforward inhibition is known to enhance the fidelity of the receptive field by limiting the temporal window during which cortical neurons integrate excitatory inputs. Feedforward inhibition driven by the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) has been previously observed, but its physiological function and regulation remain unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that elevated neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex is required for the short-term storage of information. Furthermore, the elevated neuronal activity is supported by the reciprocal connectivity between the MD and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Therefore, detailed knowledge about the synaptic connections during high-frequency activity is critical for understanding the mechanism of short-term memory. In this study, we examined how feedforward inhibition of thalamofrontal connectivity is modulated by activity frequency. We observed greater short-term synaptic depression during disynaptic inhibition than in thalamic excitatory synapses during high-frequency activities. The strength of feedforward inhibition became weaker as the stimulation continued, which, in turn, enhanced the range of firing jitter in a frequency-dependent manner. We postulated that this phenomenon was primarily due to the increased failure rate of evoking action potentials in parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons. These findings suggest that the MD-mPFC pathway is dynamically regulated by an excitatory-inhibitory balance in an activity-dependent manner. During low-frequency activities, excessive excitations are inhibited, and firing is restricted to a limited temporal range by the strong feedforward inhibition. However, during high-frequency activities, such as during short-term memory, the activity can be transferred in a broader temporal range due to the decreased feedforward inhibition.
Host gill attachment causes blood-feeding by the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) chalimus larvae and alters parasite development and transcriptome
Authors: Heggland Erna Irene , Dondrup Michael , Nilsen Frank , Eichner Christiane 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Blood-feeding is a common strategy among parasitizing arthropods, including the ectoparasitic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), feeding off its salmon host’s skin and blood. Blood is rich in nutrients, among these iron and heme. These are essential molecules for the louse, yet their oxidative properties render them toxic to cells if not handled appropriately. Blood-feeding might therefore alter parasite gene expression.

Methods
We infected Atlantic salmon with salmon louse copepodids and sampled the lice in two different experiments at day 10 and 18 post-infestation. Parasite development and presence of host blood in their intestines were determined. Lice of similar instar age sampled from body parts with differential access to blood, namely from gills versus lice from skin epidermis, were analysed for gene expression by RNA-sequencing in samples taken at day 10 for both experiments and at day 18 for one of the experiments.

Results
We found that lice started feeding on blood when becoming mobile preadults if sitting on the fish body; however, they may initiate blood-feeding at the chalimus I stage if attached to gills. Lice attached to gills develop at a slower rate. By differential expression analysis, we found 355 transcripts elevated in lice sampled from gills and 202 transcripts elevated in lice sampled from skin consistent in all samplings. Genes annotated with “peptidase activity” were among the ones elevated in lice sampled from gills, while in the other group genes annotated with “phosphorylation” and “phosphatase” were pervasive. Transcripts elevated in lice sampled from gills were often genes relatively highly expressed in the louse intestine compared with other tissues, while this was not the case for transcripts elevated in lice sampled from skin. In both groups, more than half of the transcripts were from genes more highly expressed after attachment.

Conclusions
Gill settlement results in an alteration in gene expression and a premature onset of blood-feeding likely causes the parasite to develop at a slower pace.
Subjective cognitive decline and subsequent dementia: a nationwide cohort study of 579,710 people aged 66 years in South Korea
Authors: Lee Yeong Chan , Kang Jae Myeong , Lee Hyewon , Kim Kiwon , Kim Soyeon , Yu Tae Yang , Lee Eun-Mi , Kim Clara Tammy , Kim Doh Kwan , Lewis Matthew , Won Hong-Hee , Jessen Frank , Myung Woojae 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a potential risk factor for dementia. We aimed to investigate the association between SCD and subsequent dementia in a nationwide population-based cohort in South Korea.MethodsThis cohort included 579,710 66-year-old adults who were followed for a total of 3,870,293 person-years (average 6.68 ± 1.33 years per person). All subjects completed a questionnaire about subjective memory impairment, the Pre-screening Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire (KDSQ-P), which included a validated 5-item derivative, and were determined to have SCD based on a single question assessing memory decline. Depressive symptoms were assessed in all subjects using a 3-item modified geriatric depression scale. Hazard ratios were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model and compared between subjects with and without SCD.ResultsCompared to subjects without SCD, those with SCD were more likely to develop dementia (incidence per 1000 person-years: non-SCD, 5.66; SCD, 8.59). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of subsequent dementia significantly increased in subjects with SCD, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34 to 1.41). The risk of subsequent dementia was greatly increased in subjects with higher KDSQ-P scores (aHR = 2.77, 95% CI 2.35 to 3.27). A significant association between SCD and dementia was observed in both depressive and non-depressive symptom groups (aHR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.57 in subjects with depressive symptoms; aHR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.37 in subjects without depressive symptoms;P = 0.001).ConclusionsIn this population of 66-year-old individuals, SCD was significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent dementia. This association was found in both depressive and non-depressive groups, with an increased risk of dementia in the presence of depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that SCD indicates a risk for dementia. Further studies are needed to delineate potential approaches to preventing the development of dementia in individuals with SCD.
Experimental Study on Crack Propagation of Concrete Under Various Loading Rates with Digital Image Correlation Method
Authors: Bu Jingwu , Chen Xudong , Hu Liangpeng , Yang Hanqing , Liu Saisai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe quantificational exploration of the propagation law of fracture process zone (FPZ) is of great importance to the research on concrete fracture. This paper performed fracture experiments on pre-cracked concrete beams under various loading rates. Digital image correlation (DIC) method was applied to obtain the whole field displacement of concrete in the fracture test. The crack opening displacement (COD) and the evolution of FPZ were determined based on the whole field displacement. The results show that the length of FPZ first increases and then decreases with the development of the effective crack length and the maximum length of FPZ is about 60 mm. It can be found that the length of FPZ corresponding to the peak load decreases with the increase of loading rates. Based on the fictitious crack model, a bilinear softening model was established. According to the proposed model, the mechanical behavior and the propagation law of FPZ were analyzed. The bilinear softening model can reflect the microcrack development and the aggregate interlocking in the FPZ.
Determinants of modern contraceptive use among sexually active men in Ethiopia; using EDHS 2016 national survey
Authors: Shaweno Tamrat , Kura Zerihun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Recently, the focus of family planning programs has changed from female oriented to men oriented, or both partner oriented to have effective outcomes. Although, contraceptive use among sexually active women was exhaustively researched; there is still a huge gap on modern contraceptive use and its determinants among sexually active men in Ethiopia.

Objectives
We assessed the determinants of contraceptive use among sexually active men in Ethiopia using national survey data.

Method
The data source for this study was the 2016’s Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey of men aged above 15–59 years. We analyzed data of 12, 688 sexually active men in the past 12 months prior to the survey using STATA version 14.1. Bivariate and multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted and statistical significance was set at p value < 0.05.

Result
From a total of 12, 688 sexually active men in Ethiopia, 9378 (73.9%) didn’t use any modern contraception or use traditional methods, 2394 (18.9%) use partner methods for those who reported using a method through their partner (such as pill, IUD, injections, female sterilization and Norplant) and the rest 916 (7.2%) used male methods for those who reported using male only methods (such as condoms and male sterilization). In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression model, men’s age categories 25–34 years (AOR:2.0; 95%CI = 1.5–2.5), 35–44 (AOR: 2.8; 95%CI = (2.0–3.8), and 45+ years (AOR: 1.5; 95%CI = 1.0–2.6), being rural resident (AOR: 1.60; (95%CI = 1.3–2.2), married and living with partner (AOR: 0.03; (95%CI = 0.01–0.06), who attended secondary (AOR:1.2; (95%CI = 0.8–1.9) and higher (AOR: 1.4; (95%CI = 1.2–2.5) education, whose partner was working (AOR: 1.6; (95%CI = 1.3–2.2), having three and above children (AOR: 0.5; (95%CI = 0.3–0.8), reading newspaper/magazines at least once a week or less than once a week, listening to radio at least once a week, watching television at least once a week and watching television less than once a week were significantly associated with use of male method than traditional/no method as compared to their respective references.

Conclusion
Modern contraceptive use among sexually active men in Ethiopia is low and multiple factors determined it. Close monitoring and supporting of sexually active men with age above 25 years, rural background, higher educational level, whose partner was working, having three and more children and little exposure to media may increase men’s use of modern contraceptives.
The effect of fatty meal and water on interfering extracardiac activity in myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Azadbakht Omid , Divband Ghasemali , Shafiee Mohsen , Baheri Sahar , Hosseini Vahid , Hasanpour Erfan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
There are several ways to diagnose coronary artery disease. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is used for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. One of the practical challenges in scan’s interpretation is interfering liver radiotracer uptake with appropriate cardiac visualization. For many years, different approaches were evaluated for conquering this problem. A relatively common method is using fat-containing meals before imaging. Fatty meals may cause some problems for some patients, especially elderly with digestive disorders, as well as an extra cost. We designed a study to compare the efficacy of water and fatty meal as a liver clearing agents to facilitate MPI results interpretation.

Result
Totally, 30 patients (consist of 30 stress phases and 30 rest phases), including 18 women and 12 men, were evaluated. The fatty meal was used before 32 scans and cold water in the other 28 scans. Finally, 40 scans had the suitable quality for reporting by nuclear physicians among 60 scans, which included 20 of 28 scans with water and 20 of 32 scans with a fatty meal.

Conclusions
This comparison showed that scans performed with the water group had similar results with the fatty meal group. Water is better than fatty meals because of its ease of use and lower cost. Therefore, the use of water can be a good alternative for routine use in NM centers.
Personalized Network Modeling of the Pan-Cancer Patient and Cell Line Interactome
Authors: Bhattacharyya Rupam , Ha Min Jin , Liu Qingzhi , Akbani Rehan , Liang Han , Baladandayuthapani Veerabhadran 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSEPersonalized network inference on diverse clinical and in vitro model systems across cancer types can be used to delineate specific regulatory mechanisms, uncover drug targets and pathways, and develop individualized predictive models in cancer.METHODSWe developed TransPRECISE (personalized cancer-specific integrated network estimation model), a multiscale Bayesian network modeling framework, to analyze the pan-cancer patient and cell line interactome to identify differential and conserved intrapathway activities, to globally assess cell lines as representative models for patients, and to develop drug sensitivity prediction models. We assessed pan-cancer pathway activities for a large cohort of patient samples (> 7,700) from the Cancer Proteome Atlas across ≥ 30 tumor types, a set of 640 cancer cell lines from the MD Anderson Cell Lines Project spanning 16 lineages, and ≥ 250 cell lines’ response to > 400 drugs.RESULTSTransPRECISE captured differential and conserved proteomic network topologies and pathway circuitry between multiple patient and cell line lineages: ovarian and kidney cancers shared high levels of connectivity in the hormone receptor and receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, respectively, between the two model systems. Our tumor stratification approach found distinct clinical subtypes of the patients represented by different sets of cell lines: patients with head and neck tumors were classified into two different subtypes that are represented by head and neck and esophagus cell lines and had different prognostic patterns (456 v 654 days of median overall survival; P = .02). High predictive accuracy was observed for drug sensitivities in cell lines across multiple drugs (median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve > 0.8) using Bayesian additive regression tree models with TransPRECISE pathway scores.CONCLUSIONOur study provides a generalizable analytic framework to assess the translational potential of preclinical model systems and to guide pathway-based personalized medical decision making, integrating genomic and molecular data across model systems.
Form and/as Mode of Existence
Authors: Gilbert Jane 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis essay focuses on two of the modes of existence posited by AIME, a collaborative project comprising Bruno Latour’s monograph An Inquiry into Modes of Existence and a multiauthored website associated with it. I juxtapose the modes of reference [REF] and fiction [FIC] with a famous digression reflecting on historiographical practice in William of Malmesbury’s Gesta regum Anglorum. AIME offers analytical rigor to medievalists’ discussions of the notorious overlap between “history” and “fiction.” William’s bold use of [FIC] to advance [REF] is in the spirit of AIME’s project, though he goes further in trusting [FIC] than AIME is always willing to do. An instance of medieval historiography thus leads the way in overcoming a residual Modern suspicion of a nonreferential mode of existence and of knowledge. Additionally, although AIME’s restriction of crossings to two modes is useful for defining each, in practice more than two are often found “plaited.” I make this argument through a discussion of the use of brackets to mark verse form and rhyme scheme in medieval manuscripts: an example of [TEC•FIC•REF] plaiting. Finally, I call for further development of the multimodal possibilities of “form,” which AIME flags but does not pursue, and for a new mode of existence to be added to Latour’s list: [FOR].
Use of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in the treatment of drug-resistant depression – a pilot study, presentation of five clinical cases
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Mateusz , Antosik-Wójcińska Anna , Dominiak Monika , Święcicki Łukasz 
Published: May 2020

Cel pracy:Celem pracy była ocena bezpieczeństwa i skuteczności przezskórnej stymulacji nerwu błędnego (taVNS) jako metody dodanej do standardowej farmakoterapii w grupie pacjentów z depresją lekooporną.Materiał i metodyPrezentujemy wyniki badania pilotażowego obejmującego wykorzystanie dostępnych na rynku przezskórnych stymulatorów nerwu błędnego. Dzięki zewnętrznemu, nieinwazyjnemu charakterowi rozwiązania, pacjent unika możliwych powikłań interwencji chirurgicznej. taVNS jest stosunkowo nową, nieinwazyjną metodą VNS, której działanie wynika z tego, że na powierzchni ucha jest umiejscowiona uszna gałąź nerwu błędnego. Grupa pilotażowa składała się z 5 pacjentów cierpiących na depresję lekooporną. U wszystkich pacjentów rozpoznano depresję o nasileniu ciężkim, pomimo co najmniej 2 pełnych kuracji lekiem przeciwdepresyjnym w odpowiedniej dawce nie wystąpiła u nich reakcja na leczenie. Zakładany czas obserwacji wynosił 12 tygodni. Czas trwania stymulacji wynosił 4 godziny dziennie, podzielone na 2 sesje dziennie. Stan psychiczny oceniano podczas badania z wykorzystaniem Skali Oceny Depresji Hamiltona (HAMD-17) i Sali Ogólnego Wrażenia Klinicznego (CGI).WynikiW 2 przypadkach zaobserwowano znaczącą poprawę stanu psychicznego (istotne zmniejszenie punktacji w skalach, poprawę nastroju i napędu, zmniejszenie lęku). W 3 przypadkach pacjenci zrezygnowali z badania z powodu trudności w obsłudze urządzenia.WnioskiStymulacja nerwu błędnego może stanowić istotny postęp w terapii przewlekłych i opornych na leczenie zaburzeń depresyjnych. Przezskórna stymulacja wydaje się bezpieczniejszą alternatywą dla wcześniej stosowanych metod wymagających chirurgicznego wszczepienia stymulatora. Wyniki leczenia można zaobserwować po kilku tygodniach lub nawet kilku miesiącach terapii. Ze względu na możliwe długoterminowe korzyści i działania niepożądane związane ze stymulacją taVNS konieczne są dalsze badania kliniczne w celu oceny skuteczności i bezpieczeństwa tej metody.
“We Kind of Met In‐Between”: A Qualitative Analysis of Young Couples’ Relationship Dynamics and Negotiations About Pregnancy Intentions
Authors: Arteaga Stephanie , Downey Margaret Mary , Freihart Bridget , Gómez Anu Manchikanti 
Published: May 2020

CONTEXTThe literature on reproductive decision making often focuses on women and neglects the role of men and the importance of relationship context. Research with couples is vital to understanding joint decision making regarding having children at various stages of a couple's relationship and an individual's life course.METHODSIn‐depth, individual interviews were conducted with a socioeconomically, racially and ethnically diverse sample of 50 young heterosexual women and their male partners in northern California in 2015–2016. A dyadic, thematic analytic approach was used to examine whether and how prospective pregnancy intentions and current pregnancy desires are negotiated at the couple level, and how relationship dynamics influence any negotiation and decision‐making processes.RESULTSTwenty‐three couples described engaging in joint pregnancy decision making, which required purposeful communication and, for some, compromise and acceptance. For nearly all of these couples, these processes led to aligned prospective pregnancy intentions, even when current pregnancy desires differed. The remaining 27 couples described individual pregnancy decision‐making processes; many respondents reported intentions that aligned with their partner's by happenstance, despite some respondents having avoided communicating their desires to their partner. Some of these couples faced relationship difficulties, including poor communication, leading some participants to misinterpret or be unaware of their partner's pregnancy intentions and desires.CONCLUSIONSThe relationship context is important in the formulation of prospective pregnancy intentions among young people. Counseling protocols, interventions and policies that attend to the complex factors that influence young couples’ pregnancy decision making are needed to better help couples attain their reproductive goals.