bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on active compounds regarding SGMD for the treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Donglai Ma , Jia Yuxin , Si Mingdong , Sun Huigai , Du Huiru , Li Jing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Retrieve Curative effect of Six Gentlemen Modified Decoction (SGMD) in treating with coronavirus disease ( COVID-19 ) by network pharmacology and verify its authenticity by molecular docking. Methods: The chemical constituents, effective components, and action targets were screened using TCMSP. COVID-19 related targets were retrieved by the GeneCards and NCBI databases, and drug targets and disease targets were mapped by Venny to obtain potential targets for treatment. The regulatory network of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds was established with Cytoscape to obtain the key components, and the PPI network and its network topology were established with the Bisogenet and CytoNCA plug-ins to obtain the core targets. Bioconductor was used for GO function analysis and KEGG pathway analysis to obtain the relevant functions and pathways. Results: 173 effective components, 253 targets, and 348 targets related to COVID-19 were obtained after screening, 50 cross targets were shown, and the key components of the top 15 are flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin, licochalcone A, etc. The top 28 core targets include TP53, EGFR, SRC, AR, ABL1, and others. Biological processes such as the responses to metal ions, molecules of bacterial origin, lipopolysaccharide, toxic substances, and oxidative stress were involved. The main pathway involved the AGE−RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications as well as the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways. The average binding energies of the first three core components connected with 6LU7 and 1R42 were -4.16 kJ/mol and -4.12 kJ/mol, respectively.Conclusion: The core compounds of SGMD can spontaneously combine with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase and ACE2 to treat COVID-19.
Drag Reduction by Application of Aerodynamic Devices in a Race Car
Authors: Nath Devang S. , Pujari Prashant Chandra , Jain Amit , Rastogi Vikas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this era of fast-depleting natural resources, the hike in fuel prices is ever-growing. With stringent norms over environmental policies, the automotive manufacturers are on a voyage to produce efficient vehicles with lower emissions. High-speed cars are at a stake to provide uncompromised performance but having strict rules over emissions drives the companies to approach through a different route to keep the demands of performance intact. One of the most sought-after ways is to improve the aerodynamics of the vehicles. Drag force is one of the major setbacks when it comes to achieving high speeds when the vehicle is in motion. This research aims to examine the effects of different add on devices on the vehicle to reduce drag and make the vehicle aerodynamically streamlined. A more streamlined vehicle will be able to achieve high speeds and consequently, the fuel economy is also improved. The three-dimensional car model is developed in SOLIDWORKS v17. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is performed to understand the effects of these add on devices. CFD is carried out in the ANSYSTM 17.0 Fluent module. Drag Coefficient (CD) and Drag Force is calculated and is compared in different cases.
An Improved Energy-Aware Clustering Method for The Regional Queries in The Internet of Things
Authors: Khatibi Arezoo , Khatibi Omid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We will offer a method to improve energy efficient consumption for processing queries on the Internet of Things. We focused on an energy efficient hierarchical clustering index tree such that we can facilitate time-correlated region queries in the I.o.T (Internet of Things). We try to improve clustering and make a change on its proposed index tree. We try to do this by optimizing the query processing. We improve clustering to increase the accuracy of the Internet of Things and prevent the network from disconnecting. In the article that we have chosen, there is a heterogeneous cluster which means there exists a large data difference in the two ends of a cluster. Also, it often happens that the same information is sent to the base station by two overlapping clusters; therefore, we save energy by eliminating duplicated data.
A Comprehensive Scheme for the Objective Upper Body Assessments of Subjects with Cerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Tran Ha , Nguyen Khoa , Pathirana Pubudu , Horne Malcolm , Power Laura , Szmulewicz David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Cerebellar ataxia (CA) is a complex motor disorder that exhibits various symptoms such as lack of movement accuracy, delayed motion and ataxic movements associated with gait, extremity and eye. Accurate assessment of ataxic movements forms an integral part, not only in the process of diagnosis, but also to monitor the severity of the neurodegenerative progression, particularly in a rehabilitation context. However, the current assessment schemes are mostly based on the subjective observation of experienced clinicians. Capturing the movement during standard upper limb tests using readily available motion sensors, this paper is intended to amalgamate the sensory information to obtain a more accurate and objective form of assessment. Methods An assessment scheme involving an inertial measurement system and a Kinect system was considered to quantify the degree of ataxia in four instrumented version of upper extremities tests, i.e. Finger Chase (FCT), Finger Tapping (FTT), Finger to Nose (FNT) and Dysdiadochokinesia (DDKT). Kinematic features from these tests were extracted to quantitatively define ataxic signs such as dysmetria, delay in timing, irregularity and instability. Using Feed backward feature elimination (FBE) and Quadratic discrimination analysis (QDA) and Ridge regression (RR), the features were selectively combined to improve the diagnosis and verify the association with clinical assessments by means of Leave-One-Out cross validation. Clinical ratings of the disease status were recorded using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Results We report statistical significance in identifying ataxia from movement features of the four tests. The combined information from the features provided a high accuracy in diagnosing CA subjects (96.4%) in addition to a promising result in predicting the severity of ataxia due to CA (rho=0.8, p<0.001). The severity estimation was also considered in a 4-level scale to provide a rating that is familiar to the current clinically-used rating of upper limb impairments. The combination of FCT and FTT achieve the most acceptable outcome among the considered subsets of the 4 tests. Conclusion The analysis of ataxia can be decomposed primarily into four affected dimensions, i.e. stability, timing, accuracy and rhythmicity. In the context of upper limb tests, the results of accurate classification and prediction of severity attributed mostly to the timing. Furthermore, the underlying approach uncovers the appropriate combination with a reduced number of tests for the assessment of CA utilising the clinical resources more effectively. Trial registration Human Research and Ethics Committee, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia (HREC Reference Number: 11/994H/16).
Oxymatrine Reverses Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Ameliorating the Immune Response for Gentamicin Therapy
Authors: Kang Songyao , Gao Chen , Lang Fengtng , Chen Yuwei , Hao Hongxia , Xiao Tianshi , Hao Zhihui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin (GM) is widely used to fight infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. However, its clinical application is limited by serious side effects. Based on this, this study aims to screen drugs that have protective effects on gentamicin-induced kidney injury. Methods : After screening a series of candidate compounds, we found that a natural quinoline alkaloid-oxymatrine showed well protective effects on GM-induced kidney injury. We used gentamicin (100 mg/ kg/d, 7 days) treatment to establish a rat model of kidney injury, and set up control groups and oxymatrine-pretreatment groups to study the protective effect of oxymatrine on kidney injury.Methods: After screening a series of candidate compounds, we found that a natural quinoline alkaloid-oxymatrine showed well protective effects on GM-induced kidney injury. We used gentamicin (100 mg/ kg/d, 7 days) treatment to establish a rat model of kidney injury, and set up control groups and oxymatrine-pretreatment groups to study the protective effect of oxymatrine on kidney injury.Results: The results indicated that Gentamicin treatment of normal rats produced marked renal damage and resulted in significant elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, as well as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. Oxymatrine co-administration could decrease levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (All P <0.01 or P <0.001), as well as N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase. In addition, oxymatrine treatment significantly reduced the expression of Bax and NF-κB mRNA in the kidney (both P <0.01), and increased the expression of Bcl-2, Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA.Conclusions: The results demonstrate that oxymatrine down-regulates the inflammatory response and reduces the apoptosis by activating antioxidant defense, thereby reducing gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Double Left Brachiocephalic Vein in an Adult Patient Who Underwent Cardiac Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Kobayashi Kimihiro , Uchida Tetsuro , Kuroda Yoshinori , Yamashita Atushi , Ohba Eiichi , Nakai Shingo , Ochiai Tomonori , Sadahiro Mitsuaki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: A double left brachiocephalic vein is an extremely rare venous anomaly. Case presentation: Herein, we present the case of a 79-year-old woman with a double left brachiocephalic vein who underwent cardiac surgical procedures. The normal left brachiocephalic vein was patent, and the accessory left brachiocephalic vein passed across the heart and aorta in front of the pericardium and drained into the superior vena cava. She underwent surgical ligation of the accessory left brachiocephalic vein, followed by an aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting. Her postoperative recovery was uneventful, without any venous complications from the ligation of the accessory vein. The patient is doing well one year after the surgery.Conclusions: The presence of double left brachiocephalic veins should be recognized before cardiac surgery in order for us to avoid intraoperative technical issues concerning this venous anomaly and unpredictable intraoperative bleeding due to injury of the accessory left brachiocephalic vein.
Prognostic Significance of Surgery After Chemotherapy in Patients with Type 4 Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Arigami Takaaki , Matsushita Daisuke , Okubo Keishi , Tanaka Takako , Sasaki Ken , Noda Masahiro , Kita Yoshiaki , Mori Shinichiro , Kurahara Hiroshi , Yanagita Shigehiro , Uenosono Yoshikazu , Ishigami Sumiya , Ohtsuka Takao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The majority of patients with type 4 gastric cancer have distant metastases with extremely poor prognosis. Consequently, considering a therapeutic strategy that improves the prognosis of these patients is clinically important. The present study aimed to assess the clinical indication and prognostic impact of surgery in patients with type 4 gastric cancer who underwent chemotherapy.Methods: A total of 67 patients with type 4 gastric cancer who underwent chemotherapy were retrospectively enrolled. All patients were grouped into progressive disease (PD) and non-PD groups by tumor response to chemotherapy.Results: Distant metastases occurred in 58 patients. With regard to tumor response, 16 and 51 patients had PD and non-PD, respectively. The prognosis was significantly poorer in patients with PD than in those with non-PD (p < 0.0001). Among 23 patients who underwent surgery after chemotherapy, 21 had a R0 resection. The presence or absence of surgery was significantly correlated with age, first-line chemotherapeutic regimen, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, number of distant metastatic sites, peritoneal dissemination, and tumor response (p = 0.0412, p = 0.0096, p = 0.0024, p = 0.0059, p = 0.0128, p = 0.0020, and p = 0.0066, respectively). Multivariate analysis selected tumor response and surgery as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0009, respectively). Moreover, multivariate analysis for the surgery group demonstrated that metastatic nodal status (N0-1 vs. N2-3) and residual tumor status (R0 vs. R1-2) were significant independent prognostic factors (p = 0.0258 and p = 0.0458, respectively).Conclusions: Our retrospective study suggests that surgery after chemotherapy for type 4 gastric cancer may improve the prognosis of responders with N0-1 status and a curative R0 resection.
Awareness and Knowledge of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (Lars) in Colorectal Surgeons: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Hou Sen , Liu Fan , Guo Peng , Ye Yingjiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background More than 50% patients suffered from low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after low anterior resection, and their quality of life is predominantly determined by colorectal surgeons’ awareness and knowledge of LARS. We conducted the survey to find out the weakness in the management of patients' functional recovery after surgery and explore targeted training pathways to improve doctor’s ability to deal with LARS. Methods An anonymous paper-based survey among colorectal surgeons was performed across the country. Results 252 questionnaires were collected and analyzed with the effective rate of 86.6%. Most of the respondents were highly educated and experienced in gastroenterology. The mean age was 39.9 ± 9.20 years. In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, surgeons with MD, PhD degree (OR: 2.843, 95%CI: 1.441-5.609, p = 0.003) and national academic membership (OR: 2.063, 95%CI: 1.010-4.214, p = 0.047) were associated with surgeons’ emphasis on follow-up. 65.1% of respondents underestimated the prevalence of LARS. Chief/deputy chief, national academic membership and annual surgeries ≥ 50 (42.7% vs 29.4%, p=0.033; 46.4% vs 30.0%, p=0.007; 46.0% vs 31.6%, p=0.021) were associated with high diagnostic rate of LARS but none of these factors were statistically significant in multivariate analysis. LARS score was the most popular scale in the evaluation of LARS severity. The feedback of the most common postoperative anorectal disorders by colorectal surgeons was significantly different from the items listed in the LARS score. 48.4% of respondents use drugs to treat LARS but therapies varied from surgeons to surgeons. C﻿onclusions There is a lack of knowledge relating to LARS in colorectal surgeons. Clinical guidelines should be developed to guide medical staff in effective management of patients with LARS.
Laparoscopic Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy: Preliminary Experience with 10 Cases
Authors: Zhang Ren-Chao , Gan Xin-Jun , Song Wei , Shi Song-Tao , Yu Hui-Fang , Mou Yi-Ping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) which is a reasonable surgical approach for left-sided pancreatic cancer is emphasis on the complete resection of regional lymph nodes and tumor-free margin resection. Laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy(LRAMPS) has been rarely performed, with only 49 cases indexed on PubMed. In this study, we present our experience of LRAMPS. Methods: From December 2018 to February 2020, 10 patients underwent LRAMPS for pancreatic cancer at our department. The data of the patient demographics, intraoperative variables , postoperative hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, pathologic findings and follow-up were collected.Results: LRAMPS was performed successfully in all the patients. The median operative time was 235 minutes (range, 212-270min), with an EBL of 120ml(range,100-200ml) . Postoperative complications occurred in 5 (50.0%) patients. Three patients developed a grade B pancreatic fistula. There was no postoperative 30-day mortality and reoperation. The median postoperative hospital stay was 14 days(range,9- 24d).The median count of retrieved lymph nodes was 15 (range, 13–21), and four patients (40%) had malignant-positive lymph nodes. All cases achieved a negative tangential margin and R0 resection.Median follow-up time was 11 months (range, 3–14m). Two patients developed disease recurrence(pancreatic bed recurrence and liver metastasis) 9 months,10 months after surgery,respectively. Others survived without tumor recurrence or metastasis．Conclusions: LRAMPS is technically safe and feasible procedure in well-selected patients with pancreatic cancer in the distal pancreas. The oncologically outcomes need to be further validated based on additional large-volume studies.
Dynamic connectedness between stock markets in the presence of COVID-19 pandemic: Does economic policy uncertainty matter?
Authors: Youssef Manel , Mokni Khaled , Ajmi Ahdi Noomen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the dynamic connectedness between the stock indices in the eight most endemic countries by the COVID-19 (China, Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Russia, U.S., and the U.K) as well as the effect of the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) by implementing the TVP-VAR model for daily data over the period spanning from 01/01/2015 to 05/18/2020. Results show that stock markets are highly connected during the entire period, while the dynamic spillovers reached unprecedented heights during the COVID-19 pandemic in the first quarter of the year 2020. Moreover, we find that the European stock markets transmit more spillovers to all other stock markets more than they receive (except for Italy), mainly during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, findings show that the sign of the effect of the EPU on the net connectedness changes during the onset of the pandemic, showing that information spillovers from a given market may be seen as good or bad news for other markets, given the economic situation prevailing. From the results of this study, important implications can be provided for individual investors, portfolio managers, policymakers, investment banks, and central banks.
Contact Tracing is Associated with Lower COVID-19 Case Fatality Rates: Evidence from 40 countries
Authors: YALAMAN ABDULLAH , BASBUG GOKCE , ELGIN CEYHUN , GALVANI ALISON P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has killed over 725,000 people since its emergence in late 2019. As of early August 2020, there has been substantial variability in the policies and intensity of diagnostic efforts between countries. In this paper, we quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the national contact tracing policy in decreasing case fatality rates of COVID-19 in 40 countries. Our regression analyses indicate that countries that utilize comprehensive contact tracing have significantly lower case fatality rates. The association of contact tracing policy and case fatality rates is robust and observed in regression models using cross-sectional and panel data, even controlling for the number of tests conducted and non-pharmaceutical control measures adopted by governments. Our results suggest that comprehensive contact tracing is instrumental not only to curtailing transmission but also to reducing case fatality rates by early detection and isolation of secondary cases and ultimately diminishing the burden on the healthcare system and speeding the rate at which infected individuals receive the medical care they need to maximize their chance of recovery.
Medical student support for vulnerable patients during COVID-19 – a convergent mixed-methods study
Authors: Ladds Emma , Hughes Tirion , Bowman Amelia , Chan Joyce , Gadsby Katrina , Hughes Martha , Humphries Maya , Johnston Aaron , King Georgina , Knock Megan , Malhi Kaveeta , Mickute Gerda , Okpalugo Ebubechi , Oliver Madeleine , Perera Vimukthi , Pickles Florence , Pollack Lily , Pullen Lucienne , Samuels Ffion , Sexton Harriet , Shutler Laura , Smith Rebecca , Tanner Pippa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus pandemic has exerted significant impacts on primary care, causing rapid digital transformation, exacerbating social isolation, and disrupting medical student and General Practitioner [GP] trainee education. Here we report on a medical student telephone initiative set-up by a GP trainee, which aimed to support patients at high risk and vulnerable to the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 [Covid-19]. In addition, it was hoped the project would mitigate a digital divide, enable proactive anticipatory planning, and provide an active learning environment to compensate for the pandemic’s impact on medical education. Methods:33 medical students conducted daily telephone conversations with high risk and vulnerable patients. They confirmed public health messages, offered details for voluntary support groups, established need for medication delivery, explored levels of digital connectivity, and prompted discussions around end-of-life choices. Students had access to online reflective resources and daily remote debriefing sessions with the GP trainee. A convergent mixed-methods evaluation was subsequently undertaken, using quantitative process and descriptive data and individual qualitative interviews were conducted according to a maximal variation sampling strategy with students, GPs, and the GP trainee. Inductive thematic analysis was then applied with cross-validation, respondent validation, and rich evidential illustration aiding integrity. Results:97 ‘high risk’ and 781 ‘vulnerable’ calls were made. Individuals were generally aware of public heath information, but some struggled to interpret and apply it within their own lives. Therefore respondents felt students provided additional practical and psychological benefits, particularly with regard to strengthening the links with the community voluntary groups. The project was widely liked by students who reported high levels of skill development and widened awareness, particularly valuing the active learning environment and reflective feedback sessions. Conclusion:This study demonstrates utilization of medical students as wider assets within the primary health care team, with an initiative that enables support for vulnerable patients whilst promoting active medical education. Ongoing integration of students within ‘normal’ primary health care roles, such as chronic disease or mental health reviews, could provide similar opportunities for supported active and reflective learning.