bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The implementation of the nursing process in lower‐income countries: An integrative review
Authors: Lotfi Mojgan , Zamanzadeh Vahid , Valizadeh Leila , Khajehgoodari Mohammad , Ebrahimpour Rezaei Mehdi , Khalilzad Mohammad Amin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsThis review study aimed to investigate the strategies for implementing the nursing process in the clinical practice and the assessment of the implementation rate of this process in clinical settings of lower‐income countries.DesignAn integrative review.MethodThe search was conducted of EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and ISI databases from 1975–July 2018. Following the formation of the research team, two researchers independently selected the eligible studies; finally, 39 articles were approved by the research team for this study.ResultsThe researchers identified three themes: Effects of implementing the NP in clinical settings, Development and application of electronic software in the NP and Factors affecting the implementation of the NP. This review revealed that nurses and nursing managers in hospitals are interested in implementing the nursing process in the form of widely and continuously. But the necessary infrastructure, such as manpower, electronically or manually tools, has not yet been provided, and the implementation of the nursing process is done either imperfectly or not done.
The spectrum of acute central nervous system symptoms during the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Banerjee Joanna , Niinimäki Riitta , Lähteenmäki Päivi , Hed Myrberg Ida , Arola Mikko , Riikonen Pekka , Lönnqvist Tuula , Palomäki Maarit , Ranta Susanna , Harila‐Saari Arja , Taskinen Mervi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with central nervous system (CNS) toxicity during therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are at risk for treatment modifications, long‐term sequelae and even higher mortality. A better understanding of CNS symptoms and their complications improves the potential to prevent and treat them.MethodsPatient files from 649 children treated with Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology ALL92 and ALL2000 protocols in Finland were reviewed retrospectively for any acute CNS symptom. Detailed data on symptoms, examinations and treatment of the underlying CNS complications were collected from the medical records. Disease‐related and outcome data were retrieved from the Nordic leukaemia registry.ResultsAltogether, 13% (86) of patients with ALL had acute CNS symptoms. Most symptoms (64%) occurred during the first 2 months of therapy. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome was the most frequent complication (4.5%). Cerebrovascular events were diagnosed in 10 cases (1.6%), while methotrexate‐related stroke‐like syndrome (SLS) was observed in only one patient (0.2%). CNS symptoms due to systemic or unclear conditions, especially sepsis, were important for differential diagnosis. CNS leukaemia was associated with CNS symptoms (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.03; P = .003), and epilepsy was a common sequel of CNS complications (19%).ConclusionsAcute CNS symptoms are common during ALL therapy, occurring mainly during the first 2 months of treatment. Patients with CNS leukaemia at diagnosis are at a higher risk for CNS toxicity. Despite intensive CNS‐directed methotrexate treatment, SLS was diagnosed extremely rarely in our series.
Buprenorphine pharmacotherapy for the management of neonatal abstinence syndrome in methadone‐exposed neonates
Authors: Taleghani Afshin A. , Isemann Barbara T. , Rice Ward R. , Ward Laura P. , Wedig Kathy E. , Akinbi Henry T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe aimed to compare the outcomes of pharmacotherapy with either buprenorphine or methadone in infants treated for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) secondary to intrauterine exposure to methadone. This is a multi‐center, retrospective cohort study to assess length of treatment (LOT), hospital length of stay (LOS), and cumulative opioid exposure between infants treated with either methadone or buprenorphine for NAS secondary to in utero exposure to methadone. Infants delivered at a gestational age ≥35 weeks and a maternal history of opioid‐use disorder and/or urine drug screen positive for methadone, and postnatal pharmacotherapy for NAS with either buprenorphine or methadone as first‐line opioid replacement therapy, were eligible. Median LOT, LOS, and cumulative opioid exposure were compared between buprenorphine‐ and methadone‐treated infants. A total of 156 infants (48 treated with buprenorphine and 108 with methadone) were identified. The median LOT and LOS for buprenorphine‐treated infants was 8 and 13 days compared with 15 and 20 days for methadone‐treated infants, respectively, P < .001 for both outcomes. Median cumulative opioid dose in morphine equivalents was 0.6 mg/kg for buprenorphine‐treated infants vs 1.05 mg/kg for methadone‐treated infants, P < .001. No adverse effects were noted among either group. Of infants treated with buprenorphine, 34 (71%) required the addition of adjunctive pharmacotherapy during the NICU stay, compared with 31 (32%) in the methadone‐treated group, P = .0008. However, significantly fewer infants treated with buprenorphine required continuation of therapy beyond discharge as compared with those treated with methadone. The difference is most likely a reflection of the protocols used by the sites. In infants that required pharmacotherapy for NAS secondary to intrauterine exposure to methadone, treatment with buprenorphine, compared with methadone therapy, was associated with better outcomes. If confirmed with prospective data, buprenorphine could be considered first‐line therapy for the two medication‐assisted treatment regimens recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Methane dehydrogenation on Cu and Ni surfaces with low and moderate oxygen coverage
Authors: Rahmani Didar Behnaz , Balbuena Perla B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFirst‐principles density functional theory calculations are carried out to evaluate energy barriers and mechanisms for the dehydrogenation reactions of CH4 on clean and oxygen‐covered surfaces of Cu (111) and Ni (111) with low and moderate oxygen coverage. In the presence of oxygen, two possible pathways have been evaluated. The more likely pathway, which is further analyzed, is that CH4 loses an H to the surface O. Results from this pathway agree with previous findings showing that oxygen promotes CH4 dissociation on Cu (111) and hinders that on Ni (111). In addition, our results show lower energy barriers on Cu with higher oxygen coverages up to 0.38 monolayer. However, such an increase in oxygen coverage did not show any favorable effect for CH4 dissociation on Ni (111). The findings are analyzed through electronic factors revealed by charge analysis and density of states.
Lesion positioning method of a CT‐guided surgical robotic system for minimally invasive percutaneous lung
Authors: Zhang Tie‐Feng , Fu Zhuang , Wang Yao , Shi Wei‐Yi , Chen Guang‐Biao , Fei Jian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRobot‐assisted puncture has gradually attracted more attention and practical clinical application. The lesion positioning and the needle positioning are the basis to ensure the accuracy of puncture and the key techniques in insertion operation.MethodsA lesion positioning method is established which is realized only by the robot‐CT system without using external positioning system, and an omnidirectional needle positioning method is also developed and realized by using VRCM, in order to make the puncture needle always keep pointing to the lesion point. A CT‐guided surgical robotic system used for minimally invasive percutaneous lung is designed and the physical prototype is manufactured, to perform in‐vitro experiments, thereby to validate the effectiveness of the lesion positioning method and the feasibility of omnidirectional needle positioning method.ResultsThe accuracy of established lesion positioning method based on three non‐collinear markers is within 3 mm, which is similar to that of the least squares method based on the five non‐coplanar markers, but the positioning efficiency can be improved by about 40%, and the non‐collinearity of markers is easier to be satisfied than non‐coplanarity in practical applications. The average calculation error of the established positioning method is 0.997 mm. Moreover, the omnidirectional positioning of the puncture needle under the designed surgical robot is feasible.ConclusionsThe designed surgical robot has good control accuracy and it can satisfy the requirements for use. The established lesion positioning method can provide a good precision basis for robot‐assisted puncture surgery. The suitable insertion point and insertion posture can be determined by the developed omnidirectional needle positioning method. This study can provide theoretical reference for further study of path planning or autonomous positioning.
Integrative and perturbation-based analysis of the transcriptional dynamics of TGFβ/BMP system components in transition from embryonic stem cells to neural progenitors
Authors: Dries Ruben , Stryjewska Agata , Coddens Kathleen , Okawa Satoshi , Notelaers Tineke , Birkhoff Judith , Dekker Mike , Verfaillie Catherine M. , Sol Antonio , Mulugeta Eskeatnaf , Conidi Andrea , Grosveld Frank G. , Huylebroeck Danny 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cooperative actions of extrinsic signals and cell-intrinsic transcription factors alter gene regulatory networks enabling cells to respond appropriately to environmental cues. Signaling by transforming growth factor type β (TGFβ) family ligands (eg, bone morphogenetic proteins [BMPs] and Activin/Nodal) exerts cell-type specific and context-dependent transcriptional changes, thereby steering cellular transitions throughout embryogenesis. Little is known about coordinated regulation and transcriptional interplay of the TGFβ system. To understand intrafamily transcriptional regulation as part of this system's actions during development, we selected 95 of its components and investigated their mRNA-expression dynamics, gene-gene interactions, and single-cell expression heterogeneity in mouse embryonic stem cells transiting to neural progenitors. Interrogation at 24 hour intervals identified four types of temporal gene transcription profiles that capture all stages, that is, pluripotency, epiblast formation, and neural commitment. Then, between each stage we performed esiRNA-based perturbation of each individual component and documented the effect on steady-state mRNA levels of the remaining 94 components. This exposed an intricate system of multilevel regulation whereby the majority of gene-gene interactions display a marked cell-stage specific behavior. Furthermore, single-cell RNA-profiling at individual stages demonstrated the presence of detailed co-expression modules and subpopulations showing stable co-expression modules such as that of the core pluripotency genes at all stages. Our combinatorial experimental approach demonstrates how intrinsically complex transcriptional regulation within a given pathway is during cell fate/state transitions.
Cows in Contested Fields
Authors: Valpey Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIncreasing social and political conflict in the late nineteenth century leads to the rise of the Cow Protection movement, continuing in various forms to the present day. Chapter 2 introduces four prominent figures variously related to this movement (Swami Dayananda Saraswati, M. K. Gandhi, B. R. Ambedkar, and Swami Prabhupada) to locate important features of the modern intellectual terrain on which a controversy has unfolded over textual interpretation: Was animal sacrifice actually performed in ancient Vedic rites, and if so, what relation did those practices have with scriptural admonitions to practice nonviolence (ahimsa)? Differing narratives impact current politics and treatment of cows in particular in India, with rhetoric often clouding balanced ethical thinking.
“These Cows Will Not Be Lost”: Envisioning a Care-Full Future for Cows
Authors: Valpey Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTurning the focus again to cow care, this chapter’s aim is to imagine a positive future for cows whereby principles outlined in Chapter 4 are applied, at least initially, in anticipatory communities. The author examines two existing such communities, one in India and one in central Europe, both affiliated with Swami Prabhupada’s institution (introduced in Chapter 2). Also two problematic cases and one satisfactory case of individual cow deaths are considered, in the context of “futures” for cows. A third register of future-thinking is activism in the public sphere, here analyzed in terms of the Indic thought system of Sankhya, concluding with a sixfold series of “affirmations on the dharma of cow care” to illustrate what a “luminous” (sattva-guna) future for cows could look like.
Kryptowährungen
Authors: Wenger Tobias , Tokarski Kim Oliver 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungSowohl die Finanzkrise als auch die zunehmende Digitalisierung können als zwei zentrale Haupttreiber des „neuen“ Phänomens der Kryptowährungen angesehen werden. Kryptowährungen sollen sowohl eine Alternative zu dem traditionellen Währungssystem bieten als auch den Zahlungsverkehr vereinfachen. Das vorliegende Kapitel erarbeitet einen Vergleich von Kryptowährungen gegenüber dem traditionellen Währungssystem. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Kryptowährung Bitcoin und dem Wirtschaftsstandort Schweiz. Die empirischen Untersuchungen wurden mittels qualitativer Forschung durch Experteninterviews aus dem Bereich des Geldsystems und des Zahlungsverkehrs realisiert. In der Empirie wurde insbesondere der Aspekt des Vertrauens, der Resilienz wie auch der Vereinfachung von Zahlungstransaktionen analysiert.
Digitale Transformation und Open Access von Forschungsresultaten in der Schweiz
Authors: Verdicchio Dirk , Kissling-Näf Ingrid 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie digitale Transformation hat Einfluss auf die Arbeits- und Kommunikationsweisen der Wissenschaft und ermöglicht eine weitgehende Transparenz und Offenheit der Forschung. Die Begriffe Open Science und Open Access stehen für diese Öffnung wissenschaftlicher Prozesse und die Zugänglichmachung von Forschungsergebnissen. Für Open Access – dem freien Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Publikationen – existieren schweizerische und internationale Programme und Strategien, die von Institutionen wie dem SNF und swissuniversities getragen werden. Neben einem Überblick über die zentralen Begriffe und Konzepte geht der Beitrag auf diese Strategien ein. Besondere Beachtung finden die Situation in Europa und der Schweiz sowie der Wandel der Geschäftsmodelle und der Publikationslandschaft.
Gamification in Unternehmen
Authors: Ellenberger Thomas , Harder Deane , Brechbühler Pešková Marie 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungEine „gute“ Unternehmenskultur ist ein wichtiger Erfolgsfaktor für Unternehmen. Im Rahmen der digitalen Transformation wird zunehmend Gamification zur Kulturbeeinflussung eingesetzt. Dabei werden spieletypische Elemente genutzt, um für Mitarbeitende für bestimmte Handlungen Anreize zu schaffen. Im Rahmen einer Fallstudie wurden digital umgesetzte Gamification-Maßnahmen eines Unternehmens bezüglich ihrer Wahrnehmung und Beeinflussung der Arbeitsmotivation analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Gamification kulturwirksam zur Unternehmensführung genutzt werden kann. Die digitale Umsetzung diente als einheitlicher Impulsgeber und sorgte für Transparenz als Basis für Vertrauen. So konnte die angestrebte „Kultur auf Augenhöhe“ entwickelt werden, geprägt durch Respekt, Toleranz und Mitbestimmung. Der Erfolg der Gamification-Maßnahmen lässt sich vor allem durch die positive Wirkung auf die intrinsische Motivation sowie das gestärkte Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl der Mitarbeitenden erklären.
Cybersicherheit als Führungsaufgabe in Schweizer KMU
Authors: Meier Dominique Adrian , Burda Daniel 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDurch die digitale Transformation gewinnt Cybersicherheit für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) zunehmend an Bedeutung und rückt damit auch auf die Tagesordnung der Unternehmensleitung. Diverse Studien zeigen, dass KMU Cybersicherheit als relevantes Handlungsfeld identifizieren, gleichzeitig aber nicht genügend adressieren. Bestehende Forschung liefert für dieses Verhalten keine Erklärung. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Untersuchung dieses Phänomens, welches im Beitrag als „Security Paradox“ definiert wird. Dabei werden dessen Ursachen aufgezeigt und praxisrelevante Empfehlungen für Führungskräfte und Entscheidungsträger im Umgang mit der Herausforderung „Cybersicherheit im Zuge der Digitalisierung“ abgegeben.
Digitalisierung: Perspektiven für Arbeitsmodelle der Zukunft in Wirtschaft und Verwaltung
Authors: Schellinger Jochen , Le Huynh Gia 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung ist derzeit einer der wichtigsten Wandlungstreiber in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Die aus den neuen technischen Möglichkeiten resultierenden Veränderungen wirken sich auch auf das Verhalten von Kunden und Mitarbeitenden aus. In Bezug auf die Zusammenarbeit in Unternehmen und Organisationen sind bestehende Arbeitsmodelle für administrative Arbeit anzupassen und neue Formen digitaler Kollaboration einzuführen. Hiermit verbunden sind Änderungen der Arbeitszeitmodelle, der Organisation der Mitarbeitenden, der Art der Zusammenarbeit und Führung sowie der Gestaltung von Büroräumlichkeiten. In einem vergleichenden Case-Study-Ansatz von zwei Schweizer Großunternehmen und einer großen Verwaltungseinheit des Bundes werden die existierenden Arbeitsmodelle für Büroarbeit analysiert und auf Entwicklungsperspektiven hin untersucht. Ein derzeit vorhandener Mix aus traditionellen und agilen Arbeitsmodellen wird sich in Zukunft im digitalen Kontext voraussichtlich unternehmensspezifisch stärker in Richtung einer höheren Agilität weiterentwickeln.
Weyl fermions in a non-abelian gauge background and trace anomalies
Authors: Bastianelli Fiorenzo , Broccoli Matteo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study the trace and chiral anomalies of Weyl fermions in a non-abelian gauge background in four dimensions. Using a Pauli-Villars regularization we identify the trace anomaly, proving that it can be cast in a gauge invariant form, even in the presence of the non-abelian chiral anomaly, that we rederive to check the consistency of our methods. In particular, we find that the trace anomaly does not contain any parity-odd topological contribution, whose presence has been debated in the recent literature.
Convergence Rates for Quantum Evolution and Entropic Continuity Bounds in Infinite Dimensions
Authors: Becker Simon , Datta Nilanjana 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
By extending the concept of energy-constrained diamond norms, we obtain continuity bounds on the dynamics of both closed and open quantum systems in infinite dimensions, which are stronger than previously known bounds. We extensively discuss applications of our theory to quantum speed limits, attenuator and amplifier channels, the quantum Boltzmann equation, and quantum Brownian motion. Next, we obtain explicit log-Lipschitz continuity bounds for entropies of infinite-dimensional quantum systems, and classical capacities of infinite-dimensional quantum channels under energy-constraints. These bounds are determined by the high energy spectrum of the underlying Hamiltonian and can be evaluated using Weyl’s law.
Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in membranes are determined by the gene expression of their metabolizing enzymes SCD1 and ELOVL6 regulated by the intake of dietary fat
Authors: Weiss-Hersh Kathrin , Garcia Ada L. , Marosvölgyi Tamás , Szklenár Mónika , Decsi Tamás , Rühl Ralph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeWe investigated the effect of dietary fats on the incorporation of saturated (SAFAs) and monounsaturated dietary fatty acids (MUFAs) into plasma phospholipids and the regulation of the expression of lipid-metabolizing enzymes in the liver.MethodsMice were fed different diets containing commonly used dietary fats/oils (coconut fat, margarine, fish oil, sunflower oil, or olive oil) for 4 weeks (n = 6 per diet group). In a second experiment, mice (n = 6 per group) were treated for 7 days with synthetic ligands to activate specific nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) and the hepatic gene expression of CYP26A1 was investigated. Hepatic gene expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), elongase 6 (ELOVL6), and CYP26A1 was examined using quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). Fatty acid composition in mouse plasma phospholipids was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC).ResultsWe found significantly reduced hepatic gene expression of SCD1 and ELOVL6 after the fish oil diet compared with the other diets. This resulted in reduced enzyme-specific fatty acid ratios, e.g., 18:1n9/18:0 for SCD1 and 18:0/16:0 and 18:1n7/16:1n7 for ELOVL6 in plasma phospholipids. Furthermore, CYP26A1 a retinoic acid receptor-specific target was revealed as a new player mediating the suppressive effect of fish oil-supplemented diet on SCD1 and ELOVL6 hepatic gene expression.ConclusionPlasma levels of MUFAs and SAFAs strongly reflect an altered hepatic fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme expression after supplementation with different dietary fats/oils.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tomata Yasutake , Larsson Susanna C. , Hägg Sara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Observational studies have suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may decrease Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. In the present study, we examined this hypothesis using a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods
We used summary statistics data for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma levels of n-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid) and n-3 PUFAs (alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid), and the corresponding data for AD from a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 63,926 individuals (21,982 diagnosed AD cases, 41,944 controls).

Results
None of the genetically predicted PUFAs was significantly associated with AD risk; odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per 1 SD increase in PUFA levels were 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) for linoleic acid, 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) for arachidonic acid, 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) for alpha-linolenic acid, 1.03 (0.93, 1.13) for eicosapentaenoic acid, 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) for docosapentaenoic acid, and 1.01 (0.81, 1.25) for docosahexaenoic acid.

Conclusions
This study did not support the hypothesis that PUFAs decrease AD risk.