bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementary NAD+ Replacement Strategies Fail to Functionally Protect Dystrophin-Deficient Muscle
Authors: Frederick David , McDougal Alan V. , Semenas Melisa , Vappiani Johanna , Nuzzo Andrea , Ulrich John C. , Stewart Eugene L. , Sévin Daniel C. , Kramer H. Fritz , Becherer J. David , Preugschat Frank 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle wasting disorder stemming from a loss of functional dystrophin. Current therapeutic options for DMD are limited, as small molecule modalities remain largely unable to decrease the incidence or mitigate the consequences of repetitive mechanical insults to the muscle during eccentric contractions (ECCs). Methods Using a metabolomics approach, we observed distinct and transient molecular phenotypes in muscles of dystrophin-deficient MDX mice subjected to ECCs. Among the most chronically depleted metabolites was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an essential metabolic cofactor suggested to protect muscle from structural and metabolic degeneration over time. We tested whether the MDX muscle NAD pool can be expanded for therapeutic benefit using two complementary small molecule strategies: provision of a biosynthetic precursor, nicotinamide riboside, or specific inhibition of the NAD-degrading ADP-ribosyl cyclase, CD38. Results Administering a novel, potent, and orally available CD38 antagonist to MDX mice successfully reverted a majority of the muscle metabolome toward the wildtype state, with a pronounced impact on intermediates of the pentose phosphate pathway, while supplementing nicotinamide riboside did not significantly affect the molecular phenotype of the muscle. However, neither strategy sustainably increased the bulk tissue NAD pool, lessened muscle damage markers, or improved maximal hindlimb strength following repeated rounds of eccentric challenge and recovery. Conclusions In the absence of dystrophin, eccentric injury contributes to chronic intramuscular NAD depletion with broad pleiotropic effects on the molecular phenotype of the tissue. These consequences can be more effectively overcome by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of CD38 than by supplementing nicotinamide riboside. However, neither small molecule strategy is sufficient to protect or restore muscle function, undermining the therapeutic approach.
The Effect of Periodic Ketogenic Diet on Newly Diagnosed Overweight or Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Li Sumei , Lin Guoxin , Chen Jinxing , Chen Zhenxin , Xu Feipeng , Zhu Feng , Zhang Jintian , Yuan Shouping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTo observe the effect of periodic ketogenic diet intervention on newly diagnosed overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods60 overweight or obese T2DM patients were randomly divided into ketogenic diet group and diabetes diet control group, 30 patients in each group. The changes and significance of blood glucose, blood lipid, body weight, insulin, uric acid and other indicators before and after the intervention were observed.ResultsThe Weight, BMI, Waist, TG, TC, LDL, HDL, FBG, FINS, HbA1c of the two groups decreased significantly compared with the previous period (P < 0.05). However, UA showed an increasing trend in the ketogenic diet group and no significant change in UA in the diabetic diet control group (P > 0.05). Long-term adherence to the ketogenic diet was not as strong as that of the diabetic diet.ConclusionThe phased-ketogenic diet can control not only weight but also blood glucose and blood lipid in patients with overweight or obese T2DM. But long-term persistence is difficult.
Features and associated factors of bacterial skin infections in hospitalized patients with pemphigus: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Li Furong , Wu Yejun , Bian Wenjie , Huang Lei , Zhu Xuejun , Chen Xixue , Wang Mingyue 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Infections were the primary cause of death (34.3%-55.5%) in patients with pemphigus. Skin was usually the origin of infections. The study aimed to explore features and associated factors of bacterial skin infections (BSIs) in inpatients with pemphigus. Methods: One hundred and eighty-four inpatients with pemphigus hospitalizing from November 2014 to April 2019 were continuously recruited through Peking University First Hospital’s inpatient records. Then, we retrieved the clinical and laboratory data to explore the characteristics and associated factors of BSIs.Results: Of patients enrolled, pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n=142) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF, n=9) were most common, followed by pemphigus erythematosus (PE, n=25) and pemphigus vegetans (Pveg, n=1). Eighty-seven of 177 (49.2%) inpatients developed BSIs, and they had a longer length of stay compared with inpatients without BSIs (median: 18.9 days vs. 14.1 days, p = 0.008). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria(71.3%, 62/87) and highly resistant to penicillin (91.9%, 57/62). Higher levels of anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies (>124.2U/mL) (p<0.001, odds ratio [OR]=3.564, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.784-7.123) and anti-Dsg3 autoantibodies (>169.5U/mL) (p = 0.03, OR=1.074, 95% CI: 1.084-3.969) were underlying risk factors of BSIs when analyzed by binary regression analysis. As for Gram’s stain of bacteria, females had a lower rate of Gram-positive infections (p = 0.03). Patients using oral antibiotics (p = 0.05) had a higher rate of Gram-negative infections. Inpatients who were hospitalized in other hospitals within two weeks before the current admission had a higher rate of Gram-negative and co-infections (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Inpatients with pemphigus had a high incidence of BSIs. Some factors were associated with the susceptibility of BSIs and bacterial species.
Mild dyserythropoiesis and b-like globin gene expression imbalance due to the loss of histone chaperone ASF1B
Authors: Papadopoulos Petros , Kafasi Athanassia , de Cuyper Iris , Barroca Vilma , Lewandowski Daniel , Kadri Zahra , Veldthuis Martijn , Berghuis Jeffrey , Gillemans Nynke , Cuesta Celina María Benavente , Grosveld Frank , Zwieten Rob van , Philipsen Sjaak , Vernet Muriel , Gutiérrez Laura , Patrinos George 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The expression of the human b-like globin genes follows a well-orchestrated developmental pattern, undergoing two essential switches, the first one during the first weeks of gestation (e to g), and the second one during the perinatal period (g to b). The g to b globin gene switching mechanism includes suppression of fetal (g-globin, HbF) and activation of adult (b-globin, HbA) globin gene transcription. In Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH), the g-globin suppression mechanism is impaired leaving these individuals with unusual elevated levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in adulthood. Recently, the transcription factors KLF1 and BCL11A have been established as master regulators of the g to b globin switch. Previously a genomic variant in the KLF1 gene, identified by linkage analysis performed on twenty-seven members of a Maltese family, was found to be associated with HPFH. However, variation in the levels of HbF amongst family members, and those from other reported families carrying genetic variants in KLF1, suggest additional contributors to globin switching. ASF1B was downregulated in family members with HPFH. Here, we investigate the role of ASF1B in g to b globin switching and erythropoiesis in vivo. Mouse-human interspecies ASF1B protein identity is 91.6%. By means of knockdown functional assays in human primary erythroid cultures and analysis of the erythroid lineage in Asf1b knockout mice, we provide evidence that ASF1B is a novel contributor to steady-state erythroid differentiation, and while its loss affects the balance of globin expression, it has no major role in hemoglobin switching.
Maternal health among Venezuelan women migrants at the border of Brazil&nbsp;
Authors: Bahamondes Luis , Laporte Montas , Margatho Deborah , de Amorin Helder , Brasil Cinthia , Charles Charles Mpoca , Becerra Alejandra , Hidalgo Maria Margarethe 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Guaranteeing the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of populations living in fragile and humanitarian settings is essential and constitutes a basic human right. Compounded by the inherent vulnerabilities of women in crises, substantial complications are directly associated with increased risks of poor SRHR outcomes for displaced populations. The migration of Venezuelans, displaced due to current economic circumstances, is one of the largest in Latin America’s history. This study aims to provide an overview of the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues affecting migrant Venezuelan women in the state of Roraima, Brazil.Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted from 24 to 30 November 2019. Data collection covered various issues involving access to and use of SRH services by 405 migrant Venezuelan women aged 18-49 years. The Minimum Initial Service Package readiness assessment tools, available from the Inter-Agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crises, were used in the data collection.Results: Most commonly, the women reported unmet family planning needs. Of these, a significant proportion reported being unable to obtain contraceptive methods, particularly long-acting reversible contraceptives, either due to the woman’s inability to access them or their unavailability at healthcare centres. Although a significant proportion of women were largely satisfied with the attention received at the maternity hospital, both before and during childbirth, 24.0% of pregnant or postpartum women failed to receive any prenatal or postnatal care. Conclusion: Meeting the essential SRHR needs of migrant Venezuelan women in Roraima, Brazil is a challenge that has yet to be fully addressed. Given the size of this migrant population, the Brazilian healthcare system has failed to adapt sufficiently to meet their needs; however, problems with healthcare provision are similar for migrants and Brazilian citizens. Efforts need to be encouraged not only in governmental health sectors, but also with academic, non-governmental and international organisations, including a coordinated approach to ensure a comprehensive SRHR response. Given the current high risks associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, meeting the SRHR needs of migrant populations has become more critical than ever.
Extending the global-direction stencil with "face-area-weighted centroid" to unstructured finite volume discretization from integral form
Authors: Kong Lingfa , Dong Yidao , Liu Wei , Zhang Huaibao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Accuracy of unstructured finite volume discretization is greatly influenced by the gradient reconstruction. For the commonly used k-exact reconstruction method, the cell centroid is always chosen as the reference point to formulate the reconstructed function. But in some practical problems, such as the boundary layer, cells in this area are always set with high aspect ratio to improve the local field resolution, and if geometric centroid is still utilized for the spatial discretization, the severe grid skewness cannot be avoided, which is adverse to the numerical performance of unstructured finite volume solver. In previous work [Chinese Physics B. 2020, In press] , we explored a novel global-direction stencil and combined it with the face-area-weighted centroid on unstructured finite volume methods from differential form to realize the skewness reduction and a better reflection of flow anisotropy. Greatly inspired by the differential form, in this research, we demonstrate that it is also feasible to extend this novel method to the unstructured finite volume discretization from integral form on both second and third-order finite volume solver. Numerical examples governed by linear convective, Euler and Laplacian equations are utilized to examine the correctness as well as effectiveness of this extension. Compared with traditional vertex-neighbor and face-neighbor stencils based on the geometric centroid, the grid skewness is almost eliminated and computational accuracy as well as convergence rate is greatly improved by the global-direction stencil with face-area-weighted centroid. As a result, on unstructured finite volume discretization from integral form, the method also has superiorities on both computational accuracy and convergence rate.
D3PM: A Comprehensive Database for Protein Motions Ranging from Residue to Domain
Authors: Peng Cheng , Zhang Xinben , Xu Zhijian , Chen Zhaoqiang , Yang Yanqing , Cai Tingting , Zhu Weiliang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Knowledge of protein motions is significant to understand its functions. The currently available databases for protein motions, in general, are focused on overall domain motions, which pay little attention to local residue motions. Albeit with relatively small scale, the local residue motions may play crucial roles in protein functions and its binding with ligand, in particular for those residues within binding pockets. Results: A comprehensive protein motion database (D3PM) was constructed in this study to facilitate the analysis of protein motions. The D3PM has the motion information ranging from the overall structural changes of macromolecule to the local flip motion of the residues in ligand binding site. Currently, the D3PM has 5,339 entries of overall motions and 2,319 entries of pocket residues’ motions. The motion patterns in the database are classified into 4 types of overall structural change and 5 types of pocket residues’ shift. Impressively, it was found that less than 15% of the protein pairs have obvious overall conformational adaptations induced by ligand binding, while more than 50% of the protein pairs have significant structural changes in the ligand binding sites, indicating that ligand-induced conformational changes are drastic whereas they are mostly confined around the ligand. By the analysis of pocket residues’ preference, we classified amino acids into “pocketphilic” and “pocketphobic” residues, which is helpful to pocket prediction and ligand design.Conclusion: D3PM is a comprehenssive database about protein motions ranging from residue to domain, which should be useful for exploring diverse protein motions and for understanding protein functions. The database is freely available on www.d3pharma.com/D3PM/index.php.
Effectiveness of dietetic intervention for people with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis
Authors: Siopis George , AO Stephen Colagiuri , Allman-Farinelli Margaret 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Diet is central to treatment of type 2 diabetes. This review aimed to compare the effectiveness of nutrition therapy delivered by dietitians to nutrition advice delivered by other healthcare professionals in adults with type 2 diabetes on metabolic parameters.
Methods
Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsychINFO were searched for randomised controlled trials of three months duration or longer, published from 1st January 2008 to 18th June 2019. Relevant data were extracted from studies with additional author information. Random-effects meta-analysis assessed mean changes in HbA1c and other clinical parameters. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019130528.
Results
Of 2477 records identified, fourteen studies (n = 3338) were eligible for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. The mean changes [95% CI] at follow-up in HbA1c, BMI, weight, LDL cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were − 0·47 [-0·92, -0·02] %, -0·38 [-0·63, -0·13] kg/m2, -1·49 [-2·14, -0·84] kg, -0·15 [-0·33, 0·04] mmol/L, -0·75 [-2·45, 0·96] mm Hg and − 1·17 [-4·52, 2·17] mm Hg respectively in favour of the intervention group.
Conclusions
Nutrition therapy provided by dietitians was associated with better clinical parameters of type 2 diabetes, including clinically significant improved glycaemic control, across diverse multiethnic patient groups from all six inhabited continents. This conclusion should be reflected in clinical guidelines.
Comparison of Whole-Genome Sequences for Three Species of the&nbsp;Elizabethkingia&nbsp;Genus
Authors: Yang Chen , Liu Zhe , Yu Shuai , Ye Kun , Li Xin , Shen Dingxia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: There are increasing researches on whole-genome sequences for clinical strains of Elizabethkingia genus which can cause severe infection in humans, while few studies on the comparative genomics of species in the Elizabethkingia genus in China have been conducted. Methods: The Elizabethkingia genus, isolated in a tertiary hospital of Beijing, China, were re-identified and analyzed through in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH), whole-genome sequence-based phylogeny. Antibiotic resistance genes, antimicrobial resistance-associated proteins, virulence factors were identified, and clusters of orthologous groups were evaluated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The clinical information of patients infected by these organisms was collected and the characteristics were analyzed. Results: There were three species among 20 clinical isolates of Elizabethkingia genus: E. meningoseptica, E. anophelis and E. miricola. E. anophelis accounted for the majority. E. meningoseptica exhibited higher GC content and possessed carbapenemase-encoding genes of blaGOB-16 and blaB-12 while E. anophelis carried genes of blaCME-1. Multiple kinds of antimicrobial resistance-associated proteins were predicted and the virulence factors about adherence, biofilm formation, iron and magnesium uptake, stress adaptation, and immune evasion were discovered. Among 2622 clusters of core genomes identified from the three species of the Elizabethkingia genus, the majority of genes were metabolism-related. Pan genome displayed an upregulation, while the core genome displayed a downregulation with the addition of new genes for the 20 Elizabethkingia strains. Conclusions: The composition was different in antimicrobial resistance-related, virulence-related and metabolism-related genes depending upon species of Elizabethkingia. An adaptive evolution of Elizabethkingia to environmental change including hospital settings has been developed.
Determination of Carcinogenic Toluena Detox Mass In Printing Industrial Workers In Surabaya
Authors: Novianti Rista , tualeka abdul rohim , Guan Ng Yee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

This study aims to calculate the intake of foods rich in CYP2E1 enzymes and glutathione to increase toluene detoxification.
Methods

The research design used was a cross sectional method. The research location is printing industry in Surabaya, East Java. The number of respondents was 30 workers of the printing industry. The calculated variables included body weight, work duration (years), work frequency per week (days), average workday (hours) of the respondent and benzene concentration. After all variables were obtained, respiration rate and carcinogenic detox benzene food intake per respondent were determined.
Results

All respondents who were at work showed benzene concentrations below the threshold value (TLV). Foods containing CYP2E1 enzyme included beef liver, salmon and fish oil while food with glutathione included grapes, avocados and asparagus.
Conclusion

Adequacy levels of CYP2E1 enzymes and glutathione are different and varied. The effective dose required by each respondent depends on body weight, length of work, and toluene concentration at work. In sum, the greater the toluene concentration, the greater the dietary needs which are rich in enzymes and CYP2E1 glutathione. Each respondent can choose benzene detox food depending on their needs and appetite.
Synergistic Effects of Adding A Substrate and an Organic Reductant for Stimulating the Bioremediation of 4-Chloronitrobenzene-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Li Tian , Zhang Ping , Zhang Tian C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Soil contaminated with 4-chloronitrobenzene (4NCB) is resistant to microbial degradation due to the electron-withdrawing properties of the nitro and chloro groups in 4NCB. Currently, sufficient information is not available on how to use biostimulation strategies to enhance the bioremediation of 4NCB-contaminated soil.Results: In the present study, a novel strategy was developed by utilizing the synergistic effects of adding an organic reductant (ascorbic acid, VC) and an organic nitrogen source (peptone) to stimulate the biodegradation of 4NCB-contaminated soil. Using this strategy, the bioremediation of 1 g-4NCB/ kg-1 soil could be completed within 8 days in soil batch reactors. Furthermore, the study discovered two 4NCB cometabolic intermediates in the soil reactors added with peptone and VC, and for the first time, 4NCB was transformed to 4-chlorofromanilide.Conclusion: The proposed strategy is promising because it is highly efficient, easy to control and involves a non-toxic, environmentally friendly substrate/reductant.). Finally, this approach warrants future studies to extend its applications to soils contaminated with other nitroaromatic compounds.
Examining the Effect of Education on Dietary Calcium Intake in Reducing Blood Pressure Variability Among Pregnant Mothers in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia, Two Arm, Randomized Control Trail Parallel Design
Authors: Abrha Mulugeta Woldu , Abarha Alemnesh , Gebretsadik Ataklty , Ayele Brhane , Gebretensae Haylay , Gebre-egziabher Equbay , Hadgu Tsegay , Mulugeta Afework 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Investigating effects of calcium diets on blood pressure can contribute to development of diet based recommendations for health. Epidemiologic data suggest contradicting evidence relationship between dietary calcium intake and pregnancy-induced hypertension. So, this study aimed to determine the effect of calcium nutrition education on blood pressure variability among pregnant mother.Method: Single center, two-arm, main individual randomized trial parallel design; single blinded was conducted among 415 pregnant mothers. Bi-variable tabulations were computed to identify the distributions of the outcome variables by selected background characteristics. We estimated a multilevel model that assessed the relation of individual and community level factors (fixed effects) as well as community level random effects. All analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software.Result: Blood pressure variability during pregnancy after 28 gestational age was significantly associated with weekly calcium nutrition education [AOR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.5], pregnant mothers who attained secondary school [AOR=0.21, 95%CI: 0.20, 0.70], employed pregnant women [AOR=9.05; 95% CI: 1.95, 14.02] , Antenatal Care [AOR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.22], supplemented iron/folic acid [AOR=6.32; 95% CI: 1.09, 36.59], food craving [AOR=0.78; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.98], reading newspaper [AOR=9.05; 95% CI: 1.95, 14.02], place of residence [AOR=2.11; 95% CI: 1.36, 3.26]. Conclusion: Individual level factors (Calcium nutrition education, maternal educational status, maternal occupation, Antenatal care during last pregnancy and current pregnancy, iron/folic acid supplementation, food craving, dietary calcium level and reading newspaper) and community level factors (place of residence) were significant predictors of blood pressure variability. During antenatal visits, pregnant women should be made aware of some dietary practices which are harmful during pregnancy, and increase education regarding the benefit of adequate nutrition. Trail Registration: PACTR, PACTR202009693949631 and Registered 02 September 2020- Retrospectively registered