bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased oxidative stress, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and dystrophic microglia in the hippocampus of aged Tupaia belangeri
Authors: Rodriguez‐Callejas Juan D. , Fuchs Eberhard , Perez‐Cruz Claudia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAging is a major risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by abnormal and prominent protein aggregation in the brain, partially due to deficiency in protein clearance. It has been proposed that alterations in microglia phagocytosis and debris clearance hasten the onset of neurodegeneration. Dystrophic microglia are abundant in aged humans, and it has been associated with the onset of disease. Furthermore, alterations in microglia containing ferritin are associated with neurodegenerative conditions. To further understand the process of microglia dysfunction during the aging process, we used hippocampal sections from Tupaia belangeri (tree shrews). Adult (mean age 3.8 years), old (mean age 6 years), and aged (mean age 7.5 years) tree shrews were used for histochemical and immunostaining techniques to determine ferritin and Iba1 positive microglia, iron tissue content, tau hyperphosphorylation and oxidized‐RNA in dentate gyrus, subiculum, and CA1‐CA3 hippocampal regions. Our results indicated that aged tree shrews presented an increased number of activated microglia containing ferritin, but microglia labeled with Iba1 with a dystrophic phenotype was more abundant in aged individuals. With aging, oxidative damage to RNA (8OHG) increased significantly in all hippocampal regions, while tau hyperphosphorylation (AT100) was enhanced in DG, CA3, and SUB in aged animals. Phagocytic inclusions of 8OHG‐ and AT100‐damaged cells were observed in activated M2 microglia in old and aged animals. These data indicate that aged tree shrew may be a suitable model for translational research to study brain and microglia alterations during the aging process.
Cardiolipin Synthase 1 Ameliorates NASH Through Activating Transcription Factor 3 Transcriptional Inactivation
Authors: Tu Chuyue , Xiong Hui , Hu Yufeng , Wang Wen , Mei Gui , Wang Hua , Li Ya , Zhou Zelin , Meng Fengping , Zhang Peng , Mei Zhinan 
Published: February 2020

Background and Aims
NASH is an increasingly prevalent disease that is the major cause of liver dysfunction. Previous research has indicated that adipose cardiolipin synthase 1 (CRLS1) levels are associated with insulin sensitivity; however, the precise roles of CRLS1 and underlying mechanisms involving CRLS1 in the pathological process of NASH have not been elucidated.

Approach and Results
Here, we discovered that CRLS1 was significantly down‐regulated in genetically obese and diet‐induced mice models. In vitro studies demonstrated that overexpression of CRLS1 markedly attenuated hepatic steatosis and inflammation in hepatocytes, whereas short hairpin RNA‐mediated CRLS1 knockdown aggravated these abnormalities. Moreover, high‐fat diet–induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis were significantly exacerbated in hepatocyte‐specific Crls1‐knockout (Crls1‐HKO) mice. It is worth noting that Crls1 depletion significantly aggravated high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet‐induced inflammatory response and fibrosis during NASH development. RNA‐sequencing analysis systematically demonstrated a prominently aggravated lipid metabolism disorder in which inflammation and fibrosis resulted from Crls1 deficiency. Mechanically, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was identified as the key differentially expressed gene in Crls1‐HKO mice through transcriptomic analysis, and our investigation further showed that CRLS1 suppresses ATF3 expression and inhibits its activity in palmitic acid‐stimulated hepatocytes, whereas ATF3 partially reverses lipid accumulation and inflammation inhibited by CRLS1 overexpression under metabolic stress.

Conclusions
In conclusion, CRLS1 ameliorates insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis during the pathological process of NASH by inhibiting the expression and activity of ATF3.
Indoprofen prevents muscle wasting in aged mice through activation of PDK1/AKT pathway
Authors: Kim Hyebeen , Cho Sung Chun , Jeong Hyeon‐Ju , Lee Hye‐Young , Jeong Myong‐Ho , Pyun Jung‐Hoon , Ryu Dongryeol , Kim MinSeok , Lee Young‐Sam , Kim Minseok S. , Park Sang Chul , Lee Yun‐Il , Kang Jong‐Sun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMuscle wasting, resulting from aging or pathological conditions, leads to reduced quality of life, increased morbidity, and increased mortality. Much research effort has been focused on the development of exercise mimetics to prevent muscle atrophy and weakness. In this study, we identified indoprofen from a screen for peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC‐1α) inducers and report its potential as a drug for muscle wasting.MethodsThe effects of indoprofen treatment on dexamethasone‐induced atrophy in mice and in 3‐phosphoinositide‐dependent protein kinase‐1 (PDK1)‐deleted C2C12 myotubes were evaluated by immunoblotting to determine the expression levels of myosin heavy chain and anabolic‐related and oxidative metabolism‐related proteins. Young, old, and disuse‐induced muscle atrophic mice were administered indoprofen (2 mg/kg body weight) by gavage. Body weight, muscle weight, grip strength, isometric force, and muscle histology were assessed. The expression levels of muscle mass‐related and function‐related proteins were analysed by immunoblotting or immunostaining.ResultsIn young (3‐month‐old) and aged (22‐month‐old) mice, indoprofen treatment activated oxidative metabolism‐related enzymes and led to increased muscle mass. Mechanistic analysis using animal models and muscle cells revealed that indoprofen treatment induced the sequential activation of AKT/p70S6 kinase (S6K) and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which in turn can augment protein synthesis and PGC‐1α induction, respectively. Structural prediction analysis identified PDK1 as a target of indoprofen and, indeed, short‐term treatment with indoprofen activated the PDK1/AKT/S6K pathway in muscle cells. Consistent with this finding, PDK1 inhibition abrogated indoprofen‐induced AKT/S6K activation and hypertrophic response.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the effects of indoprofen in boosting skeletal muscle mass through the sequential activation of PDK1/AKT/S6K and AMPK/PGC‐1α. Taken together, our results suggest that indoprofen represents a potential drug to prevent muscle wasting and weakness related to aging or muscle diseases.
Hepatic glycogen synthase (GYS2) deficiency: seven novel patients and seven novel variants
Authors: Kamenets Elena A. , Gusarova Elena A. , Milovanova Natalia V. , Itkis Yulia S. , Strokova Tatiana V. , Melikyan Maria A. , Garyaeva Irina V. , Rybkina Irina G. , Nikitina Natalia V. , Zakharova Ekaterina Y. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type 0 (GSD 0) is an autosomal recessive disorder of glycogen metabolism caused by mutations in the GYS2 gene manifesting in infancy or early childhood and characterized by ketotic hypoglycemia after prolonged fasting, and postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlactatemia. GSD 0 is a rare form of hepatic glycogen storage disease with less than 30 reported patients in the literature so far.DNA samples of 93 Russian patients with clinical diagnoses of hepatic GSDs were collected and analyzed by next‐generation sequencing custom target panel and by direct sequencing. Seven new GSD 0 patients with variable phenotypes were found showing 10 variants. Seven variants are novel.We present seven new GSD 0 patients with variable phenotypes. Overall, 10 different mutant alleles of the GYS2 gene were found. Seven of them are novel: c.214delC, c.845delT, c.1644C>A, c.205T>A, c.929G>T, c.1169G>C and c.1703C>A. Three of the novel variants were annotated as pathogenic and likely pathogenic; four other variants have an uncertain significance.The current results expand the spectrum of known mutations in GYS2 and suggest that phenotypes of GSD 0 are more variable and less specific than the reported ones.SynopsisSeven new patients with glycogen storage disease type 0 were found using next‐generation sequencing and seven novel variants of GYS2 gene were annotated.
Purinergic modulation of neuronal gap junction circuits in the CNS of the leech
Authors: Segura Oliva Mota , Abdulnoor Lina , Hua Vinh‐Vincent , Solano Martha J. , Macagno Eduardo R. , Baker Michael W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGap junctions (GJs) are widely distributed in brains across the animal kingdom. To visualize the GJ‐ coupled networks of two major mechanosensory neurons in the ganglia of medicinal leeches, we injected these cells with the GJ‐permeable tracer Neurobiotin. When diffusion time was limited to only 30 min, tracer coupling was highly variable for both cells, suggesting a possible modulation of GJ permeability. In invertebrates the innexins (homologs of vertebrate pannexins) form the GJs. Because extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) modulates pannexin and leech innexin hemichannel permeability and is released by leech glial cells following injury, we tested the effects of bath application of ATP after the injection of Neurobiotin and observed a significant increase in the number of neurons tracer coupled to the sensory neurons. This effect required the elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and could be produced by bath application of caffeine. Conversely, scavenging endogenous extracellular ATP with the ATPase apyrase decreased the number of coupled cells. ATP also increased electrical conductance and tracer permeability between the bilateral Retzius neurons. This modulatory effect of ATP on GJ coupling was blocked by siRNA knockdown of a P1‐like adenosine receptor. Finally, exposure of leech ganglia to extracellular ATP induced a characteristic low frequency (<0.3 Hz) rhythmic bursting activity that was roughly synchronous among multiple neurons, a behavior that was significantly attenuated by the GJ blocker octanol. These findings highlight the mediation by ATP of a robust physiological mechanism for modifying neuronal circuits by rapidly recruiting neurons into active networks and entraining synchronized bursting activity.
Characterization of Dispersion Systems Prepared with Mutton Tallow/Hemp Seed Oil‐Based Diacylglycerols Using Ultrasonic or Mechanical Homogenization
Authors: Woźniak Magdalena , Kowalska Małgorzata , Turek Paweł , Kudełka Wanda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe objective of this work was to compare the physical stability and physicochemical properties of emulsions, containing enzymatically modified fatty base and homogenized mechanically or by ultrasounds. In the study, lipase‐catalyzed interesterification of mutton tallow and hemp seed oil, in a ratio of 3:1, 3:3, and 1:3 w/w, was performed in order to produce fatty bases of the emulsions. Reaction conditions were selected to obtain increased amount of the by‐products (MAG and DAG), which were applied as the only emulsifiers in dispersion systems. The higher ratio of animal fat in the interesterified fatty basis of an emulsion had an impact on the greater stability of these systems. The correlation between thickening agent concentration in the prepared emulsions and stability was not observed. Smaller particle size was found in emulsions manufactured by ultrasonic homogenization, although it did not contribute to greater long‐term stability of these emulsions. It was concluded that emulsions containing enzymatically modified fats and homogenized mechanically revealed greater physical stability than their counterparts homogenized with ultrasounds.
Improved analysis of propamocarb and cymoxanil for the investigation of residue behavior in two vegetables with different cultivation conditions
Authors: Chen Xiaochu , Wang Wenzhuo , Liu Fengmao , Bian Yanli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of highly water‐soluble propamocarb and hydrophobic cymoxanil in potato tuber and tomato fruit. Residue behaviors of the fungicides in open field or greenhouse were investigated for the safety evaluation of these two pesticides, and the effects of cultivation conditions, fungicide exposure and fruit size of tomato on residue level are discussed.RESULTSVegetable samples were extracted with ammonia–acetonitrile, further purified with multiwall carbon nanotubes and analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated with fortified samples at different concentration levels (0.05–2.0 mg kg−1). Average recoveries ranged from 84 to 111% with relative standard deviations between 0.3 and 5.5%. Limits of quantification (LOQs) were set at the lowest spiking level of 0.05 mg kg−1. In tomato and cherry tomato, initial residue level of cymoxanil was below LOQ at recommended good agricultural practices. Propamocarb residues were affected by the cultivation conditions, with highest levels of 0.52 and 0.72 mg kg−1in open field and greenhouse, respectively. In addition, residues of propamocarb in cherry tomatoes were found to be present at 1.25 mg kg−1.CONCLUSIONSThe field trial results showed that propamocarb and cymoxanil residues in potato tubers were below LOQ due to the tubers not being exposed to sprayed pesticides. The unexpected high residue levels in cherry tomato seem to indicate that cherry tomato with small size presents certain accumulative effects of propamocarb. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Time‐domain chemical vapour mass sensor using a functionalized subordinate array
Authors: Glean Aldo A. , Sonne Noah A. , Judge John A. , Vignola Joseph F. , Ryan Teresa J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work describes a chemical vapour detection scheme based on observing changes in the time‐domain impulse response of a single structure to which an array of smaller cantilevers is attached. The distribution of properties of the cantilevers in the array is chosen to transfer vibration energy to the array and confine it there for a specified duration . Accumulation of added mass on the cantilevers changes the array properties, altering the duration for which energy is confined. When every second cantilever is functionalized to adsorb mass, a portion of the vibration energy returns to the primary structure in half the original time. The amount of added mass can be estimated by comparing the vibration energy in the primary structure to the total energy in the array at the return time . Numerical analysis is used to investigate the performance of the proposed detection scheme. It is shown that increasing the number of sensing elements reduces errors in mass predictions due to mass adsorption variability and increases mass sensitivity. However, reducing the number of sensing elements improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio. These opposing effects require consideration for a specific sensing application. Experimental results using a centimetre scale prototype demonstrate feasibility of this interferometric approach for MEMS‐scale implementation.
Assessment of nutritional status in children with cancer: A narrative review
Authors: Viani Karina , Trehan Amita , Manzoli Bianca , Schoeman Judy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA child's appropriate development stems in large part from proper nutrition. Malnutrition is an adverse prognostic factor in children with cancer, and its prevalence is highly variable. Currently, there is no standardized definition and assessment method of nutritional status in pediatric oncology. A complete nutritional assessment includes anthropometry, biochemical, clinical, and dietary assessments. In this article, we explore these methods and suggest practical approaches for pediatric cancer units depending on the levels of care that these can provide. We also advise on the monitoring and follow‐up of children with cancer during and after treatment, and discuss potential areas for future research.
Piezoresistive characterization of epoxy based nanocomposites loaded with SWCNTs‐DWCNTs in tensile and fracture tests
Authors: Esmaeili Ali , Sbarufatti Claudio , Jiménez‐Suárez Alberto , Urena Alejandro , Hamouda Abdel Magid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStrain sensing capability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) doped epoxy under tensile and flexural tests were broadly studied, while the piezoresistive behavior of nanocomposites in precracked specimen, that is, in fracture toughness tests, have not been addressed deeply in the literature. Therefore, in the current paper, both the strain and crack sensing capabilities of single wall carbon nanotubes‐double wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs‐DWCNTs) doped epoxy subjected to tensile and mode I fracture tests were investigated. Different CNT loadings including 0.5 and 0.75 wt% were used to compare the effect of various states of CNTs dispersion, including uniformly dispersed CNTs and aggregates, on electromechanical properties. Results showed that specimens loaded at 0.5 wt% of CNTs possessed proper tensile strength, fracture toughness, piezoresistivity, and sensitivity. A nonlinear trend in normalized resistance change with respect to strain was noticed under tensile test resulting from tunneling effect which induced nonlinearity in the electrical signals. During fracture tests, prior to crack propagation, different trends in piezoresistivity as a function of displacement were observed, depending on the CNT loading, that is, linear and nonlinear behavior at CNT content of 0.5 and 0.75 wt%, respectively. The nanocomposite could simultaneously monitor damage initiation and extension with the onset of crack growth by showing abrupt increase in normalized resistance, and two different failure modes can be distinguished including abrupt and crack extensions. It was concluded that any abrupt jump in normalized resistance could be used as an indicator for damage initiation in the specimen.
Spatio‐temporal stability analysis applied to monsoon anticyclone flow
Authors: Rupp Philip M. , Haynes Peter H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlow on a beta‐plane driven by a steady localised anticyclonic forcing of potential vorticity (or equivalently a mass source) is considered as a simple model of the Asian monsoon flow in the upper troposphere. Previous authors have noted that the response may be steady, or unsteady, according to the magnitude of the forcing, with the unsteadiness manifested as westward eddy shedding. A detailed study of the transition between steady and eddy‐shedding regimes reveals a third regime ('break up'), for intermediate forcing magnitude, where the flow is steady in the neighbourhood of the forcing, but the westward extending plume of low potential vorticity breaks up into isolated anticyclonic vortices some distance away from the forcing region. A related spatio‐temporal instability problem for flow on a beta plane is specified and analysed. The flow can be stable, convectively unstable or absolutely unstable. It is argued that these three stability regimes correspond to the steady, break‐up and eddy‐shedding regimes for the forced flow and good quantitative correspondence between the regimes is demonstrated by explicit solution of the spatio‐temporal stability problem.
Small‐scale plate tests with fine concrete in experiment and first simplified simulation
Authors: Hering Marcus , Kühn Tino , Curbach Manfred 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the following article impact experiments from experimental and numerical point of view will be described. In order to keep the number of parameters to be varied manageable, the focus was firstly on similar plain concrete plates. The experiments were carried out with the aim to collect reference values and to simulate these experiments as basis for further investigations. The only parameter that has been changed was the impact velocity. The experimental part of the publication deals with manufacturing of the specimens, the experimental setup, the execution of the experiments, the measured values, and a brief evaluation of the results. The numerical part of the publication deals with the computation of experimental results using the simulation program LS‐Dyna. In this context, it will be explained how the model was created and which boundary conditions and material models were used. Furthermore, the calibration of the materiel law is described. Subsequently, a comparison between the experimental and simulated results is carried out. The focus of the further investigations will be the consideration of concrete layers reinforced with textiles under impact load. The work presented here deals with the matrix material of the textile reinforced concrete and thus laid the foundation for these investigations.
Strategies to mitigate shrinkage in an intermediate strength self‐compacting concrete
Authors: Oliveira Miguel José , Bettencourt Ribeiro António , Branco Fernando G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSelf‐compacting concrete (SCC) is a concrete that does not require vibration for casting and consolidation. It is able to flow under its own weight, completely filling the formwork and achieving full consolidation, even in the presence of congested reinforcement. SCC possesses special technical features and properties that recommend its application in a considerable amount of applications. Nevertheless, an inadequate behavior of the material at early ages has been observed in some situations, due to shrinkage. Shrinkage has a significant importance in the design, construction and in‐service performance of concrete structures. The regulatory requirements were derived from experience with traditional concrete, which is not always suitable for SCC. In addition, the option of using new materials, such as binders with large amount of pozzolanic or latent hydraulic additions, strongly limits the validity of existing rules. In order to contribute for a better understanding of the major drawback of this material—its high potential shrinkage, experimental research was carried out using different commercial shrinkage‐compensating products. This study focuses on the use of a shrinkage reducing admixture and an expansive agent. The results obtained demonstrate the efficiency of the individual or combined use of these products and allowed identifying three different strategies to control the shrinkage, with distinct levels of efficiency.
Finite derivation of the one-loop sine-Gordon soliton mass
Authors: Guo Hengyuan , Evslin Jarah 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Calculations of quantum corrections to soliton masses generally require both the vacuum sector and the soliton sector to be regularized. The finite part of the quantum correction depends on the assumed relation between these regulators when both are taken to infinity. Recently, in the case of quantum kinks, a manifestly finite prescription for the calculation of the quantum corrections has been proposed, which uses the kink creation operator to relate the two sectors. In this note, we test this new prescription by calculating the one-loop correction to the sine-Gordon soliton mass, reproducing the well-known result which has been derived using integrability.