bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social status, forest disturbance, and Barred Owls shape long-term trends in breeding dispersal distance of Northern Spotted Owls
Authors: Jenkins Julianna M A , Lesmeister Damon B , Forsman Eric D , Dugger Katie M , Ackers Steven H , Andrews L Steven , McCafferty Chris E , Pruett M Shane , Reid Janice A , Sovern Stan G , Horn Rob B , Gremel Scott A , Wiens J David , Yang Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dispersal among breeding sites in territorial animals (i.e. breeding dispersal) is driven by numerous selection pressures, including competition and spatiotemporal variation in habitat quality. The scale and trend of dispersal movements over time may signal changing conditions within the population or on the landscape. We examined 2,158 breeding dispersal events from 694 male and 608 female individually marked Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) monitored over 28 yr on 7 study areas to assess the relative importance of individual (sex, experience), reproductive (annual productivity, mate availability), and environmental (forest alteration, presence of competitor) sources of variation in breeding dispersal distance. Median breeding dispersal distance was 3.17 km, with 99% of all breeding dispersal events &lt;37 km. Mean annual dispersal distances increased by 2.43 km in Oregon and 9.40 km in Washington between 1990 and 2017, which coincided with increases in annual detections of nonnative Barred Owl (S. varia). Frequency of breeding dispersal events, both among and within individuals, also increased over time. Female owls moved farther than males (median of 3.26 and 3.10 km, respectively), and birds with less experience (territory tenure) moved farther than those with more experience. Owls that were single in the year prior to dispersal moved 13–31% farther than those paired prior to dispersal. The greatest environmental change occurring over the course of our study was the expansion of Barred Owl populations. Breeding dispersal distance was positively related to Barred Owls in the study area and disturbance within the originating territory. While it appears that social factors continue to be important drivers of breeding dispersal distance in Spotted Owls, increased competition from Barred Owls and habitat alteration have a contributing effect. Increased breeding dispersal distances should be of concern for conservation efforts and considered in population monitoring because changing dispersal behavior may lead to higher rates of mortality and/or emigration from historical study areas.
Contrasting female mate preferences for red coloration in a fish
Authors: Reuland Charel , Culbert Brett M , Devigili Alessandro , Kahrl Ariel F , Fitzpatrick John L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Understanding how animals select their mates requires knowing the factors that shape mate preferences. Recent theoretical and empirical considerations suggest that female mating status can influence the degree to which a female engages in mate choice, with virgin females predicted to be less choosy than mated females. In this study, we investigated mate choice in both virgin and mated females in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys collettei. Halfbeaks are small, live-bearing, internally fertilizing freshwater fish that live in mixed-sex groups where females have ample opportunity to engage in mate choice. Using a dichotomous choice assay, we quantified and contrasted in virgin and mated females mate preferences for differences in male body size, beak size, and area of yellow and red coloration. We also examined how mating status influenced the amount of time a female associated with the first male encountered and the relative amount of time a female associated with each male. We demonstrate that mate preferences of female halfbeaks are driven primarily by the size of red coloration present on males. Females showed contrasting preferences based on mating status, with virgin females preferentially associating with drab males whereas mated females preferentially associate with males possessing large areas of red. Contrary to expectations, female mating status did not influence how females associate with the first males encountered or how females biased their association time among males. Although the precise drivers of these effects need further studying, our finding highlights a possible explanation for how variation in male ornamentation can be maintained.
Transanal Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis has Comparable Long-Term Functional Outcomes to Transabdominal Approach: A Multicentre Comparative Study
Authors: Chandrasinghe Pramodh , Carvello Michele , Wasmann Karin , Foppa Caterina , Tanis Pieter , Perry-Woodford Zarah , Warusavitarne Janindra , Spinelli Antonino , Bemelman Willem 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The transanal approach to ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [Ta-IPAA] provides better access to the lower pelvis with lower short-term morbidity in ulcerative colitis [UC]. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term functional outcomes after Ta-IPAA vs transabdominal IPAA [Abd-IPAA] in UC.

Methods
A multicentre cohort analysis was performed between March 2002 and September 2017. Patient characteristics, surgical details and postoperative outcomes were compared. CGQL [Cleveland global quality of life] score at 12 months with a functioning pouch was considered the primary end point.

Results
A total of 374 patients [100 Ta-IPAA vs 274 Abd-IPAA] were included. Ta-IPAA demonstrated a comparable overall quality of life [CGQL score] to Abd-IPAA [0.75 ± 0.11 vs 0.71 ± 0.14; respectively, p = 0.1]. Quality of life [7.71 ± 1.17 vs 7.30 ± 1.46; p = 0.04] and energy-level items [7.16 ± 1.52 vs 6.66 ± 1.68; p = 0.03] were significantly better after Ta-IPAA, while the quality of health item was comparable [7.68 ± 1.26 vs 7.64 ± 1.44; p = 0.96]. Analysis excluding anastomotic leaks did not change the overall CGQL scores. Stool frequencies [&gt;10/24 h: 22% vs 21%; p = 1.0] and the rate of a single episode of major incontinence during the following 12-month period [27% vs 26%; p = 0.89] were similar. The differences in 30-day morbidity rates [33% vs 41%; p = 0.2] and anastomotic leak rates were not significant [6% vs 13%; p = 0.09].

Conclusions
This study provides evidence of comparable long-term functional outcome and quality of life after Ta-IPAA and Abd-IPAA for UC.
Vascular age derived from coronary artery calcium score on the risk stratification of individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Miname Marcio H , Bittencourt Marcio Sommers , Pereira Alexandre C , Jannes Cinthia E , Krieger Jose E , Nasir Khurram , Santos Raul D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aims
The objective of this study was to evaluate if vascular age derived from coronary artery calcium (CAC) score improves atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk discrimination in primary prevention asymptomatic heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) patients undergoing standard lipid-lowering therapy.

Methods and results
Two hundred and six molecularly confirmed FH individuals (age 45 ± 14 years, 36% males, baseline LDL-cholesterol 6.2 ± 2.2 mmol/L; 239 ± 85mg/dL) were followed by 4.4 ± 2.9 years (median: 3.7 years, interquartile ranges 2.7–6.8). CAC measurement was performed, and lipid-lowering therapy was optimized according to FH guidelines. Vascular age was derived from CAC and calculated according to the Multi Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis algorithm. Risk estimation based on the Framingham equations was calculated for both biological (bFRS) and vascular (vaFRS) age. During follow-up, 15 ASCVD events (7.2%) were documented. The annualized rate of events for bFRS &lt;10%, 10–20%, and &gt;20% was respectively: 8.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.17–22.52], 23.28 (95% CI 9.69–55.94), and 28.13 (95% CI 12.63–62.61) per 1000 patients. The annualized rate of events for vaFRS &lt;10%, 10–20%, and &gt;20% was respectively: 0, 0, and 50.37 (95% CI 30.37–83.56) per 1000 patients. vaFRS presented a better discrimination for ASCVD events compared to bFRS 0.7058 (95% CI 0.5866–0.8250) vs. vaFRS 0.8820 (95% CI 0.8286–0.9355), P = 0.0005.

Conclusion
CAC derived vascular age can improve ASCVD risk discrimination in primary prevention FH subjects. This tool may help further stratify risk in FH patients already receiving lipid-lowering medication who might be candidates for further treatment with newer therapies.
Information Aggregation with Costly Reporting
Authors: Osborne Martin J , Rosenthal Jeffrey S , Stewart Colin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A group of privately informed individuals with common interests chooses a binary option. Each individual chooses whether to reveal her signal, at a cost. If the group is large and cannot commit to a decision rule then it takes the correct decision with high probability in one state but with probability bounded away from one in the other. It cannot do better by committing to an anonymous decision rule without transfers, but can achieve the first best if transfers between individuals are possible, and can approximately achieve the first best with a non-anonymous decision rule.
Supporting Family Caregivers With Technology for Dementia Home Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Williams Kristine N , Perkhounkova Yelena , Shaw Clarissa A , Hein Maria , Vidoni Eric D , Coleman Carissa K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The number of persons living with dementia (PLWD) in the United States will reach 16 million by 2050. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia challenge family caregivers and contribute to negative caregiver outcomes such as burden and depression. Available technology can support the delivery of effective interventions to families providing dementia care at home. The Supporting Family Caregivers with Technology for Dementia Home Care (FamTechCare) randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a telehealth intervention on caregiver outcomes.

Research Design and Methods
The FamTechCare intervention provides tailored dementia-care strategies to in-home caregivers based on video recordings caregivers submit of challenging care situations. An expert team reviews the videos and provides individualized interventions weekly for the experimental group. In the telephone-support attention control group, caregivers receive feedback from an interventionist via the telephone based on caregiver retrospective recall of care challenges. Effects of the intervention on caregiver outcomes, including burden, depression, sleep disturbance, competence, desire to institutionalize the PLWD, and caregiver reaction to behavioral symptoms were evaluated by fitting linear mixed regression models to changes in the outcomes measured at 1 and 3 months.

Results
FamTechCare caregivers (n = 42) had greater reductions in depression (p = .012) and gains in competence (p = .033) after 3 months compared to the attention control group (n = 41). Living in rural areas was associated with a reduction in depression for FamTechCare caregivers (p = .002). Higher level of education was associated with greater improvements or lesser declines in burden, competence, and reaction to behavioral symptoms for both the FamTechCare and attention control caregivers.

Discussion and Implications
This research demonstrated benefits of using available technology to link families to dementia care experts using video-recording technology. It provides a foundation for future research testing telehealth interventions, tailored based on rich contextual data to support families, including those in rural or remote locations.
Estimating elastic properties and attenuation factor from different frequency components of observed seismic data
Authors: Chen Huaizhen 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY
Based on an attenuation model, we first express frequency-dependent P- and S-wave attenuation factors as a function of P-wave maximum attenuation factor, and then we re-express P- and S-wave velocities in anelastic media and derive frequency-dependent stiffness parameters in terms of P-wave maximum attenuation factor. Using the derived stiffness parameters, we propose frequency-dependent reflection coefficient in terms of P- and S-wave moduli at critical frequency and P-wave maximum attenuation factor for the case of an interface separating two attenuating media. Based on the derived reflection coefficient, we establish an approach to utilize different frequency components of observed seismic data to estimate elastic properties (P- and S-wave moduli and density) and attenuation factor, and following a Bayesian framework, we construct the objective function and an iterative method is employed to solve the inversion problem. Tests on synthetic data confirm that the proposed approach makes a stable and robust estimation of unknown parameters in the case of seismic data containing a moderate noise/error. Applying the proposed approach to a real data set illustrates that a reliable attenuation factor is obtained from observed seismic data, and the ability of distinguishing oil-bearing reservoirs is improved combining the estimated elastic properties and P-wave attenuation factor.
Model system identification of novel congenital heart disease gene candidates: focus on RPL13
Authors: Schroeder Analyne M , Allahyari Massoud , Vogler Georg , Missinato Maria A , Nielsen Tanja , Yu Michael S , Theis Jeanne L , Larsen Lars A , Goyal Preeya , Rosenfeld Jill A , Nelson Timothy J , Olson Timothy M , Colas Alexandre R , Grossfeld Paul , Bodmer Rolf 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenetics is a significant factor contributing to congenital heart disease (CHD), but our understanding of the genetic players and networks involved in CHD pathogenesis is limited. Here, we searched for de novo copy number variations (CNVs) in a cohort of 167 CHD patients to identify DNA segments containing potential pathogenic genes. Our search focused on new candidate disease genes within 19 deleted de novo CNVs, which did not cover known CHD genes. For this study, we developed an integrated high-throughput phenotypical platform to probe for defects in cardiogenesis and cardiac output in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived multipotent cardiac progenitor (MCPs) cells and, in parallel, in the Drosophila in vivo heart model. Notably, knockdown (KD) in MCPs of RPL13, a ribosomal gene and SON, an RNA splicing cofactor, reduced proliferation and differentiation of cardiomyocytes, while increasing fibroblasts. In the fly, heart-specific RpL13 KD, predominantly at embryonic stages, resulted in a striking ‘no heart’ phenotype. KD of Son and Pdss2, among others, caused structural and functional defects, including reduced or abolished contractility, respectively. In summary, using a combination of human genetics and cardiac model systems, we identified new genes as candidates for causing human CHD, with particular emphasis on ribosomal genes, such as RPL13. This powerful, novel approach of combining cardiac phenotyping in human MCPs and in the in vivo Drosophila heart at high throughput will allow for testing large numbers of CHD candidates, based on patient genomic data, and for building upon existing genetic networks involved in heart development and disease.
Human Rights on the March: Repression, Oppression, and Protest in Latin America
Authors: Franklin James C 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis research examines the impact of human rights protests on human rights abuses in seven Latin American countries—Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Venezuela. I find that protests focused broadly on human rights are associated with significant declines in human rights abuses, controlling for important factors from previous studies. Furthermore, I argue that it is important to distinguish political repression (abuses that target political activists) from coercive state oppression, which has nonpolitical targets. These two types of abuses respond to different factors, but broadly focused human rights protests are found to decrease both types of abuses. I argue further that a strong human rights movement, indicated by frequent human rights protests, discourages the police abuses associated with oppression by raising the likelihood of accountability for such abuses, including by improving the likelihood of reforms to the criminal justice system.
Common Current Procedural Terminology Codes in Breast Imaging
Authors: Smetherman Dana H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article reviews the common Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for frequently performed breast imaging procedures. The CPT codes for breast radiology services, including the revised codes for mammography, computer-assisted detection (CAD), breast ultrasound, breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and imaging-guided breast interventional procedures and the new codes for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and marker placement in axillary lymph nodes are outlined. The application of basic CPT coding principles, such as the use of modifiers and the different structure of code families in breast radiology services, is also discussed. CPT codes are updated on an ongoing basis to reflect the evolution of medical practice, and the CPT codes for breast imaging procedures have changed significantly in the past 5 years. These modifications can affect the distribution of work and utilization of resources in radiology departments. A working knowledge of coding practices will facilitate compliance with billing regulations and help ensure breast radiologists are appropriately paid for their work.
Job Displacement, Unemployment, and Crime: Evidence from Danish Microdata and Reforms
Authors: Bennett Patrick , Ouazad Amine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper estimates the individual impact of a worker’s job loss on his/her criminal activity. Using a matched employer–employee longitudinal data set on unemployment, crime, and taxes for all residents in Denmark, the paper builds each worker’s timeline of job separation, unemployment, and crime. The paper focuses on displaced workers: high-tenure workers who lose employment during a mass-layoff event at any point between 1990 and 1994 (inclusive). Controlling for municipality- and time-specific confounders identifies the individual impact separately from the aggregate impact of the unemployment rate on crime. Placebo tests display no evidence of trends in crime prior to worker separation. Using Denmark’s introduction of the Act on an Active Labor Market at the end of 1993, we estimate the impacts of activation and of a reduction in benefit duration on crime: crime is lower during active benefits than during passive benefits and spikes at the end of benefit eligibility. We use policy-induced shifts in the kink formula relating prior earnings to unemployment benefits to estimate the separate impacts of labor income and unemployment benefits on crime: the results suggest that unemployment benefits do not significantly offset the impact of labor income losses on crime.
Effect of Honey (Apis dorsata [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) on Larval Growth and Silk Cocoon Yield of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Farooq , Azizullah  , Shahzadi Naila , Tahir Hafiz Muhammad , Ali Shaukat , Zahid Muhammad Tariq , Khurshid Rizwan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present study was carried out to determine the influence of 2% aqueous honey (Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793 [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) on larval growth and silk cocoon yield of fifth-instar larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). The larvae of silkworms (Chinese HUAKAND2) were divided into a control and an experimental groups (n = 20 in each group). Control group was fed with plain mulberry leaves throughout the fifth instar, whereas the experimental group was offered mulberry leaves dipped in 2% aqueous solution of honey every other day for 4 d (days 1, 3, 5, and 7). On the other days (days 2, 4, 6, and 8), plain mulberry leaves were offered to larvae. Results showed that the average weight gain in larvae of the experimental group was 348.23 and 204.54% in case of the control group. Uneaten mulberry leaves were weighed; the control group left 34.05% of their leaves and the treated group 28.54%. The cocoon formation in the honey-treated larvae was more uniform in shape than the control group. Furthermore, honey-treated larvae began to form cocoons 7.8 ± 0.23 h earlier than the control group. We also recorded an increase of 15.34% in average weight of cocoons of the experimental group when compared with the control. Average shell percentage of fresh silk cocoons of the control and experimental groups was 20.5 and 23.5%, respectively. It is concluded from the study that 2% aqueous honey has positive impact on the larval growth and cocoon yield of B. mori.
Suppression of Progranulin Expression Leads to Formation of Intranuclear TDP-43 Inclusions In Vitro: A Cell Model of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Authors: Zhu Jiuling , Wang Ning , Li Xianan , Zheng Xiaojing , Zhao Junli , Xia Haibin , Mao Qinwen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMutations in the GRN gene coding for progranulin (PGRN) are responsible for many cases of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP). GRN mutations create null alleles resulting in decreased progranulin protein or haploinsufficiency. FTLD-TDP with GRN mutations is characterized by lentiform neuronal intranuclear inclusions that are positive for TDP-43 in affected brain regions. In this study, by stably expressed short hairpin RNA, we established a neuroblastoma cell line with decreased PGRN level. This cell line reveals TDP-43-positive intranuclear inclusions. In addition, replacement with purified PGRN protein restores normal TDP-43 nuclear distribution. This cell model can be valuable for the study of the role of PGRN in the pathogenesis in FTLD-TDP.