bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saliva proteomic patterns in patients with molar incisor hypomineralization
Authors: Bekes K. , Mitulović G. , Meißner N. , Resch U. , Gruber R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMolar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is an endemic pediatric disease with an unclear pathogenesis. Considering that saliva controls enamel remineralization and that MIH is associated with higher saliva flow rate, we hypothesized that the protein composition of saliva is linked to disease. To test this, we enrolled 5 children aged 6–14 years with MIH showing at least one hypersensitive molar and 5 caries-free children without hypomineralization. Saliva samples were subjected to proteomic analysis followed by protein classification in to biological pathways. Among 618 salivary proteins identified with high confidence, 88 proteins were identified exclusively in MIH patients and 16 proteins in healthy controls only. Biological pathway analysis classified these 88 patient-only proteins to neutrophil-mediated adaptive immunity, the activation of the classical pathway of complement activation, extracellular matrix degradation, heme scavenging as well as glutathione -and drug metabolism. The 16 controls-only proteins were associated with adaptive immunity related to platelet degranulation and the lysosome. This report suggests that the proteaneous composition of saliva is affected in MIH patients, reflecting a catabolic environment which is linked to inflammation.
Allelic variants between mouse substrains BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ influence mononuclear cardiomyocyte composition and cardiomyocyte nuclear ploidy
Authors: Gan Peiheng , Patterson Michaela , Watanabe Hirofumi , Wang Kristy , Edmonds Reilly A. , Reinholdt Laura G. , Sucov Henry M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost mouse cardiomyocytes (CMs) become multinucleated shortly after birth via endoreplication and interrupted mitosis, which persists through adulthood. The very closely related inbred mouse strains BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ differ substantially (6.6% vs. 14.3%) in adult mononuclear CM level. This difference is the likely outcome of a single X-linked polymorphic gene that functions in a CM-nonautonomous manner, and for which the BALB/cByJ allele is recessive to that of BALB/cJ. From whole exome sequence we identified two new X-linked protein coding variants that arose de novo in BALB/cByJ, in the genes Gdi1 (R276C) and Irs4 (L683F), but show that neither affects mononuclear CM level individually. No BALB/cJ-specific X-linked protein coding variants were found, implicating instead a variant that influences gene expression rather than encoded protein function. A substantially higher percentage of mononuclear CMs in BALB/cByJ are tetraploid (66.7% vs. 37.6% in BALB/cJ), such that the overall level of mononuclear diploid CMs between the two strains is similar. The difference in nuclear ploidy is the likely result of an autosomal polymorphism, for which the BALB/cByJ allele is recessive to that of BALB/cJ. The X-linked and autosomal genes independently influence mitosis such that their phenotypic consequences can be combined or segregated by appropriate breeding, implying distinct functions in karyokinesis and cytokinesis.
Loss of SRSF2 triggers hepatic progenitor cell activation and tumor development in mice
Authors: Zhang Chang , Shen Lei , Yuan Wei , Liu Yuguo , Guo Ruochen , Luo Yangjun , Zhan Zheng , Xie Zhiqin , Wu Guohao , Wu Wenwu , Feng Ying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSplicing factor SRSF2 is frequently mutated or up-regulated in human cancers. Here, we observe that hepatocyte-specific deletion of Srsf2 trigger development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice, which also involves inflammation and fibrosis. Importantly, we find that, when compensatory hepatocyte proliferation is impaired, activation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) play an important role in liver regeneration and tumor formation. Moreover, the cells of HCC- bearing livers display both HPC and hepatocyte markers, with gene expression profiling suggesting HPC origin and embryonic origin. Mechanically, we demonstrate that levels of oncofetal genes insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) and H19 are significantly increased in the tumors, likely due to decreased DNA methylation of the Igf2/H19 locus. Consequently, signaling via the Igf2 pathway is highly activated in the tumors. Thus, our data demonstrate that loss of Srsf2 triggers HPC-mediated regeneration and activation of oncofetal genes, which altogether promote HCC development and progression in mice.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of pectin‐stabilised CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals and enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Qin Dezhi , Yang Guangrui , Wang Yabo , Zhang Jiajia , Zhang Li 
Published: May 2020

Pectin‐conjugated CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals were prepared by using a microwave‐assisted approach without the addition of any external ligands. The prepared cubic phase CdS/ZnS nanocrystals were uniform and mono‐dispersed with sizes of 6–9 nm. The charge and long‐chain structure of pectin molecules effectively prevented the aggregation of CdS/ZnS nanocrystals. In addition, pectin molecules have multiple functional groups, such as O–H, C=O, and COO−, which could conjugate with the surface of samples to control the growth of CdS/ZnS nanocrystals. Thermogravimetric analysis provided evidence that the obtained products are inorganic–organic hybrid materials. Based on the analysis of ultraviolet–visible spectra, it was found that the formation of ZnS shell led to a red‐shift and an enhancement of absorption of CdS/ZnS nanocrystals compared with that of CdS. Photocatalytic activity of CdS/ZnS nanocrystals was monitored by the degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. The presence of ZnS shell inhibited photo‐corrosion and photo‐dissolution of CdS nanocatalyst, thus resulting in a significant enhancement of photocatalytic activity and stability.
Highly efficient Michael additions of acrylonitrile with alcohols over K2CO3/zeolite catalysts in a solvent‐free system
Authors: Zhan Hongju , Zhao Lin , Xia Qinghua , Zhou Dan , Ma Xuetao , Lu Xinhuan 
Published: May 2020

The supported base/zeolite catalysts are prepared and applied in the catalytic Michael additions of acrylonitrile with monohydric alcohols to 3‐alkoxypropanenitriles in a solvent‐free system. The catalysts are characterised by powder X‐ray diffraction. For the Michael addition of methanol to acrylonitrile, 10% K2CO3/ZSM‐5 shows the best activity with 98.3 mol% conversion of acrylonitrile and 100% selectivity of 3‐methoxypropanenitrile. The recyclable stability of the 10% K2CO3/ZSM‐5 catalyst is confirmed. The effects of various parameters are investigated systematically. By comparing the catalytic activity of anion‐exchanged CO32−‐resin for the titled addition, a feasible reaction route is proposed.
High angular resolution study of the super star cluster population in IRAS 17138−1017
Authors: Lam N. T. , Gratadour D. , Rouan D. , Grosset L. 
Published: May 2020

Aims. Currently, the global characteristics and evolution of super star clusters (SSCs) are not well understood, due to the large distances to their host galaxies. We aim to study the population of SSCs in IRAS 17138-1017, a luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG), in terms of age, extinction, mass, and luminosity distribution.
Methods. We analyzed imaging data in the near-infrared from the GeMS/GSAOI instrument on the Gemini telescope and generated simulations with the radiative transfer code MontAGN. The extraction of SSCs from the images and their photometry in J, H, and Ks allowed us to derive color-color and color-magnitude diagrams. Comparison with a theoretical stellar evolutionary track gives a first hint into the extinction towards each SSC, as well as their ages, despite some degeneracy between those two quantities. Spectra given by our radiative transfer code MontAGN, which includes dust emission, also provide insightful predictions and comparisons.
Results. We detect with a fair degree of confidence 54 SSCs of mKs between 16 mag and 21 mag with a median instrumental uncertainty of 0.05 mag. When plotted on a color–color diagram and a color–magnitude diagram, it appears that most of the sources are very much extinct with respect to an intrinsic theoretical evolutionary track. Once de-reddened, the colors point unambiguously to two distinct and very recent starburst episodes at 2.8 and 4.5 Myr. While the SSCs in the 4.5 Myr starburst are distributed along the spiral arms, the 2.8 Myr SSCs are concentrated in the central region. The luminosity and mass functions present a classical power-law behavior, although with shallower slopes than generally observed in LIRGs. Comparison with radiative transfer simulations shows that, the dust thermal emission and scattered light are negligible and could not explain the few very red SSCs that could not be de-reddened safely.
Diagnostik und Therapie des hepatozellulären Karzinoms
Authors: Kaufmann Benedikt , Bauer Ulrike , Ehmer Ursula , Geisler Fabian , Geith Tobias , Braren Rickmer , Paprottka Philipp , Hüser Norbert , Hartmann Daniel 
Published: May 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGTrotz großer Fortschritte in der Diagnostik sowie der systemischen und chirurgischen Therapie belegt das hepatozelluläre Karzinom (HCC) den vierten Platz unter den tumorassoziierten Todesfällen. Der diagnostische Stellenwert der Ultraschalluntersuchung der Leber besteht in erster Linie in der HCC-Früherkennung bei Risikopatienten. Die histologische Sicherung eines HCCs ist in der nicht-zirrhotischen Leber bzw. im Falle unklarer Bildgebungsbefunde erforderlich. Die Computertomographie (CT) ermöglicht im Vergleich zur Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) eine schnelle Untersuchung. Es sind Anzahl, Lokalisation und Größe der Tumorknoten sowie deren Bezug zu Pfortader und Lebervenen zu beschreiben. Die prätherapeutische Planung erfordert eine exakte Segmentzuordnung. Die Therapie des hepatozellulären Karzinoms ist abhängig vom Stadium der Tumorerkrankung. In Europa und den USA sind die BCLC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer)-Kriterien für die Stadieneinteilung etabliert. Der operative Eingriff wird vor dem Hintergrund patientenspezifischer, klinischer Gesichtspunkte sowohl durch den Grad einer vorliegenden Leberzirrhose als auch durch das Stadium der Tumorerkrankung bestimmt. Grundsätzlich besteht für das HCC neben der Resektion auch die Möglichkeit einer Lebertransplantation. Im fortgeschritten HCC (BCLC C) mit Gefäßeinbruch des Tumors oder Metastasierung besteht die Indikation zur systemischen Tumortherapie. Bis heute sind Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren beim fortgeschrittenen HCC (BCLC C) sowie im intermediären Stadium nach Progress unter lokoregionärer Therapie die einzig zugelassenen Erst- und Zweitlinientherapeutika in Europa. Der VEGFR2 Antikörper Ramucirumab ist das erste Präparat für eine individualisierte, Biomarker-abhängige Tumortherapie beim HCC. Große Hoffnung für die Therapie des HCCs liegt in der Immuntherapie mittels Checkpoint-Inhibitoren.
Facetten des Arzt-Patienten-Gesprächs in der Urologischen Praxis – Handlungsempfehlungen aus der Psychoonkologie
Authors: Hilger Caren , Kendel Friederike 
Published: May 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGTumorerkrankungen werden von vielschichtigen Ängsten und psychischen Belastungen begleitet, mit denen der behandelnde Urologe konfrontiert wird. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet Facetten des Arzt-Patienten-Gesprächs aus einer psychoonkologischen Perspektive. Dazu gehören die Risikowahrnehmung, subjektive Krankheitsvorstellungen, Lebensstiländerungen, Sexualität und ganz zentral der Umgang mit der Angst. Auf der Grundlage von neueren Forschungsergebnissen werden Anregungen für die Gesprächsführung gegeben. Der Beitrag zeigt aber auch Grenzen des Arzt-Patienten-Gesprächs. Eine professionelle psychoonkologische Unterstützung ist indiziert, wenn durch die Krebserkrankung psychische Krisen ausgelöst oder tieferliegende Konflikte wieder aktiviert werden. Sie kann auch hilfreich sein, wenn manche Probleme einfach mehr Zeit und Ruhe erfordern, als im Praxisalltag verfügbar ist. Deshalb erfolgt abschließend ein Überblick über weiterführende psychoonkologische Interventionen und Unterstützungsangebote für Krebspatienten.
Pathophysiologie des Gilles-de-la-Tourette-Syndroms
Authors: Kleimaker Maximilian , Beste Christian , Münchau Alexander Maximilian , Kleimaker Alexander 
Published: May 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBeim Gilles-de-la-Tourette-Syndrom (GTS) handelt es sich um eine häufige facettenreiche, typischerweise im Kindes- oder Jugendalter beginnende neuropsychiatrische Erkrankung. Die Pathophysiologie ist nicht sicher geklärt. Eine wichtige Rolle scheinen die Basalganglien und kortiko-striato-thalamo-kortikale Regelkreise einzunehmen. Eine der konstantesten Veränderungen stellt eine diskrete Volumenreduktion des Striatums bei Kindern dar. Auch konnten Veränderungen im Bereich der weißen Substanz innerhalb dieses Regelkreises nachgewiesen werden. Auf kortikaler Ebene wurden Veränderungen im Bereich des sensomotorischen und präfrontalen Kortex, der supplementär motorischen Region und des inferioren parietalen Kortex (BA 40) beschrieben. Auf biochemischer Ebene zeigt sich vor allem eine erhöhte dopaminerge Transmission. Auch Serotonin scheint durch den Wegfall Dopamin hemmender Effekte eine Rolle zu spielen. Kognitionspsychologische bzw. wahrnehmungspsychologische Ansätze gingen zunächst von einer gestörten inhibitorischen Kontrolle aus.Aufgrund uneinheitlicher Ergebnisse wird eher eine Interferenz mit Kompensationsmechanismen zur Tic-Kontrolle vermutet. Auch zeigen sich Veränderungen der interozeptiven Wahrnehmung. Allerdings ist unsicher, ob diese ursächlich sind oder eine sekundäre Veränderung des GTS darstellen. Einer der aktuellsten Ansätze stützt sich auf die „Theory of Event Coding“, welche besagt, dass sowohl Wahrnehmungen als auch Handlungen gemeinsam in „event files“ gespeichert werden und in enger Verbindung stehen. Es gibt erste experimentelle Hinweise, dass bei Patienten mit einem GTS die Kopplung zwischen Wahrnehmung und Handlung besonders stark ausgeprägt ist und Tics aufgrund dieser starken Bindung durch verschiedene Stimuli ausgelöst werden könnten.
Pharmakologische Behandlung von Tics
Authors: Roessner Veit , Beste Christian 
Published: May 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Gilles-de-la-Tourette-Syndrom (GTS) ist eine facettenreiche neuropsychiatrische Erkrankung. Die pharmakologische Therapie des Tourette-Syndroms ist sehr vielschichtig. Im vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel werden wesentliche Formen der pharmakologischen Therapie in praxisrelevanter Form dargestellt und Indikationen für eine pharmakologische Behandlung beim Tourette-Syndrom diskutiert. Nur bei ausreichend lange vorhandenen, beeinträchtigenden Tics sollte der Einsatz von Medikamenten überlegt werden, da nach heutigem Wissensstand eine pharmakologische Behandlung von Tics diese zwar lindert, aber keinen Einfluss auf die Ursachen und den Verlauf nimmt.
Comparison of Reoperation after Fusion and after Decompression for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Single-Center Experience of 987 Cases
Authors: Kim Seung-Kook , Park Seoung-woo , Lim Byun-chul , Lee Su-Chan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background and Study Aim Reoperation for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is technically challenging. Studies comparing preoperative risk factors and reoperation outcomes between spinal fusion and spinal decompression are limited. Thus this study compared fusion and decompression with respect to reoperation rates, preoperative factors related to re-surgery, and clinical outcomes.
Patients and Methods This retrospective cohort study included prospectively collected data from patients who underwent revision surgeries for degenerative LSS between May 2001 and March 2015. The reoperation rate, risk factors (proportional hazards analysis of index surgery), surgery type, main reason for revision, and final clinical outcomes (pain, quality-of-life modification, patient satisfaction, and complication rate) were analyzed and compared between the fusion and decompression surgeries.
Results Among 987 cases during 13 years, 25 cases of reoperation after fusion and 23 cases of reoperation after decompression were identified, accounting for reoperation rates of 5.88% and 4.00%, respectively. Combined comorbidities (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.98 for fusion; multilevel involvement [with fusion, HR: 2.92; decompression, HR: 1.95]) were strongly correlated with preoperative demographic risk factor for each procedure. The main reason for reoperation in fusion cases was proximal junctional kyphosis (40%) and implant failure (20%), and in decompression cases, recurrent lesions (48.8%) and incomplete surgery (17.4%) An additional fusion after initial fusion and re-decompression without fusion after initial decompression were the most common surgical procedure. Back pain and patient satisfaction after fusion were better compared with those after decompression.
Conclusion The reoperation rate, preoperative risk factors, reason for revision, reoperation type, clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, and time interval between index and re-surgery were different between the primary fusion and primary decompression. A better understanding of disease pathophysiology and surgical procedure characteristics will facilitate improvement in disease management and the development of treatment strategies.
Cilostazol for Chinese Patients with Aspirin Intolerance after Coronary Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Dai Chunfeng , Chen Zhangwei , Fu Jiayu , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Cilostazol-based dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is widely used in patients with aspirin intolerance after coronary drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in China. However, this empirical strategy is not recommended or even mentioned in Chinese or international guidelines due to a lack of evidence from large-scale studies. We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of cilostazol-based DAPT in this special population.
Methods In this cohort study, patients were grouped according to the DAPT strategy that they received after coronary DES implantation. The primary efficacy endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). Angiographic follow-up and major bleeding events were also recorded.
Results A total of 918 patients receiving cilostazol-based DAPT due to aspirin intolerance were enrolled, matched with 918 patients receiving aspirin-based DAPT. After 15-month prospective follow-up, the cilostazol group had lower risk of MACCE (5.1% vs. 7.6%, propensity score adjusted hazard ratio = 0.671 [95% confidence interval 0.462–0.974], p = 0.036) compared with the aspirin group. Lower rate of coronary lesion progression was also found through follow-up angiography in the cilostazol group (17.4% vs. 23.6%, p = 0.022), especially in nontarget lesions (12.1% vs. 17.6%, p = 0.019). The two groups had the same risk of major bleeding events (0.8% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.364).
Conclusion In the current study, cilostazol is a good substitute for aspirin in patients who have aspirin intolerance but need DAPT after coronary DES implantation in China. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials were still required to further confirm its efficacy and safety.
Is Magnetic Resonance Imaging Superior to Conventional Radiography in Neonates with Anorectal Malformation?
Authors: Chowdhary Sarita , Kumar Dinesh , Sharma Shyamendra Pratap , Sharma S. P. , Panigrahi Pranay 
Published: May 2020

Introduction
This study was conducted to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neonates with anorectal malformation (ARM).

Materials and Methods
Newborns, referred to Pediatric Surgical Ward through General Surgery Outpatient Department and Emergency Department of Sir Sunderlal Hospital as a case of ARM, were included in the study. Unstable patients requiring urgent primary colostomy were excluded from the study. Forty neonates with ARM and 20 neonates having no ARM were included in the study (2 years, i.e., conducted between September 2018 and July 2020). The included patients were evaluated clinically and were subjected to an invertogram (after 24 hours of delivery), which is conventional radiography. Further, MRI was performed using 1.5 T superconductive system; 5 to 6 mm contiguous sections were obtained using a head or a body coil according to the size of the infant patient to obtain images with sharp anatomical detail: Sagittal, coronal, and axial conventional spin-echo T1-weighted images of the pelvic region were obtained in all patients, with perpendicular coronal plane and the axial plane parallel to pelvic floor.

Results
The majority of patients (60%) were referred on day 3 of birth and rest were referred after 3 days of birth. Conventional radiography, that is, invertogram was done in all study population. Sixty per cent of the total included patients had supralevator location of rectal pouch. Conventional radiography was detected to be low type of ARM—all had infralevator position of rectal pouch in MRI, but 60% of the intermediate had supralevator level and all high abnormalities had supralevator level. These distribution anomalies were statistically significant. The levator ani length index and external anal sphincter length index were also compared and found to be thickest in intermediate type, thick in low types, and thin in high type of abnormalities, which is an added advantage of MRI over radiography.

Conclusion
Preoperative assessment of ARM with MRI gives useful information regarding type of malformation as well as sphincter muscle and associated malformations. Large sample size was needed for future landmark in the field of ARM.
The effect of particulate matter on solar photovoltaic power generation over the Republic of Korea
Authors: Son Junghoon , Jeong Sujong , Park Hayoung , Park Chang-Eui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDegradation in air quality could be a potential factor for decreasing solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation. However, our understandings of the potential of airborne particulate matter (PM) to reduce actual solar PV power generation remain unclear. This study quantifies attenuation impacts of airborne PM on solar PV power generation on cloudless days at Yeongam and Eunpyeong-gu power plants installed in the Republic of Korea. The reduction rate of solar PV power generation according to the substantial amount of PM is calculated by constructing multiple regression models based on actual solar PV power generation record, observed meteorological parameters, and measured PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations for 2015–2017. At both power plants, PM2.5 and PM10 commonly reduce solar PV power generation by more than 10% of the maximum capacity under the conditions of ‘normal’ air quality, 35μg m−3and 80μg m−3for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. Moreover, the reduction rate of solar PV power generation exceeds 20% of the maximum capacity under ‘bad’ air quality, 75μg m−3and 150μg m−3for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. Results show that the negative impacts of PM on solar PV power generation should be considered in the process of policymaking on target solar power generation in Korea, as well as in countries with high PM emissions.
Annealing temperature induced improved crystallinity of YSZ thin film
Authors: Rusli N A , Muhammad R , Ghoshal S K , Nur H , Nayan N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Six YSZ thin films (YSZTFs) were prepared at varied annealing temperature (380 °C to 600 °C) by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. Glancing angle x-ray diffraction (GAXRD) pattern revealed the polycrystalline nature of all films with crystallite size in the range of 9 to 15 nm. Sample annealed at 400 °C displayed the lowest microstrain (0.262) and crystallinity (60%). FESEM images disclosed dense, homogeneous and crack free growth of annealed samples compared to as-deposited one. EDX spectra detected the right elemental compositions of films. AFM images showed growth evolution of YSZ grains with size range between 0.2 to 5 nm and improved films’ surface roughness. HRTEM measurement of the studied YSZTFs exhibited lattice orientation and atomic structure of nucleated YSZ nanocrystallites. Furthermore, film annealed at 500 °C divulged less oriented structure because of dislocation.