bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Offene Varizenchirurgie – wann ambulant, wann stationär?
Authors: Frings Norbert , Rass Knuth , Bruning Guido , Geier Bruno , Mumme Achim , Stenger Dietmar , Steffen Horst Peter , Weigel Frauke , Stücker Markus ,   In Auszügen vorgetragen auf der 62. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie 02.–05.09.2020
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die offene Varizenchirurgie kann sowohl in einem ambulanten als auch in einem stationären Setting durchgeführt werden. Aktuelle Leitlinien zur Therapie der Varikose nehmen zu der Frage, welche Patienten ambulant und welche stationäre zu operieren sind, nicht Stellung.
Fragestellung Erarbeitung von Kriterienkatalogen zur Frage einer ambulanten oder stationären Varizenoperation.
Material und Methode PubMed-Recherche zur Fragestellung und basierend auf den Literaturdaten Erarbeitung eines Delphi-Konsensus der Autoren.
Ergebnisse Zur Frage, ob eine Varizenchirurgie ambulant oder stationär durchgeführt werden kann, existieren lediglich 2 monozentrische retrospektive Analysen sowie eine Registerstudie. In diesen Studien werden ambulante Operationen im Wesentlichen bei Patienten mit Normalgewicht und ASA-Stadium 1 durchgeführt. Gut geeignete Lokalbefunde für eine ambulante Operation sind Primäreingriffe und ein geringeres C-Stadium der CEAP-Klassifikation. Für eine stationäre Varizenoperation sprechen ausgedehnte Befunde, bei denen mehr als eine Crosse saniert werden muss, Rezidiveingriffe in der Leiste oder der Kniekehle, vorangegangene thromboembolische Ereignisse, eine erhöhte Blutungsneigung aufgrund monströser Varizen oder einer Antikoagulation, Hautkomplikationen wie ein Ulcus cruris oder eine schwere Stauungsdermatitis bzw. Dermatosklerose sowie ein BMI über 30 bei Crossektomie.
Schlussfolgerungen Basierend auf Literaturdaten und Expertenmeinungen konnten Kriterienkataloge für eine ambulante versus stationäre offene Varizenchirurgie erarbeitet werden.
Resilienzfördernde Interventionen bei Patienten mit Krebs – Integrative Onkologie in der Akuttherapie
Authors: Lange Silke , Paul Anna , Voiss Petra 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose Krebs bedeutet für die Betroffenen in der Regel einen massiven Einschnitt in ihr Leben, der mit Angst, Verunsicherung und Verlust an Lebensqualität einhergeht. Die psychische Belastung ist vor allem im Zeitraum zwischen Diagnose und Behandlungsbeginn sehr ausgeprägt mit deutlichen Auswirkungen auf den weiteren Krankheitsverlauf. Aktuelle Daten geben Hinweise darauf, dass es sinnvoll ist, schon frühzeitig resilienzfördernde therapeutische Interventionen in die Behandlung onkologischer Patienten zu integrieren. Interventionen aus dem Bereich der Mind-Body-Medizin (MBM), die in Kombination mit naturheilkundlichen Therapieansätzen im Rahmen einer integrativ-onkologischen Behandlung zunehmend Verbreitung auch im akutmedizinischen Bereich finden, können hier die psychoonkologische Versorgung effektiv ergänzen.
Extraintestinale Manifestationen chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen
Authors: von Felbert Verena , Rauen Thomas , Tischendorf Stefanie , Hatting Maximilian 
Published: December 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGChronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen (CED) manifestieren sich auch außerhalb des Gastrointestinaltraktes. Die Differenzialdiagnostik ist herausfordernd, denn die extraintestinalen Manifestationen (EIM) müssen von Medikamentennebenwirkungen und eigenständigen Krankheitsentitäten abgegrenzt werden. Dies trifft insbesondere für den Befall der Leber, des Bewegungsapparates und der Haut zu. Häufig sind Leberwerterhöhungen medikamentös-toxisch bedingt. Die primär sklerosierende Cholangitis stellt eine prognoserelevante Differenzialdiagnose dar, die häufig mit CED assoziiert ist. Ein Befall des Achsenskeletts muss von degenerativem Rückenschmerz, Osteoporose und einer rheumatischen Grunderkrankung abgegrenzt werden. Die Beteiligung der Haut bei CED kann sich im Rahmen klassischer Befunde wie dem Erythema nodosum manifestieren. Häufig ist die Diagnosestellung aber schwierig und es müssen medikamenteninduzierte Hautveränderungen ausgeschlossen bzw. identifiziert werden. Nicht zuletzt ist auch das Risiko für Hauttumoren unter Immunsuppression erhöht. Die komplexe Diagnostik der extraintestinalen Manifestation erfordert deshalb eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit.
Stellenwert der Psychoonkologie in der Urologie
Authors: Herschbach Peter 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungNationale und internationale Behandlungsleitlinien und Zertifizierungskriterien für Krebszentren schließen psychoonkologische Mitbetreuung von belasteten Patienten heute zwingend ein; das gilt selbstverständlich auch für die Uro-Onkologie. Die systematische Feststellung der individuellen Unterstützungsbedürftigkeit in der Praxis soll durch „Distress Screenings“ bewerkstelligt werden. Während im Allgemeinen von ca. 30% belasteter Krebspatienten ausgegangen wird (Anteil Patienten mit hohem Distress oder psychischer Komorbidität), liegt die Rate bei der größten urologischen Entität, den Prostatakrebspatienten, niedriger (bei ca. 20%). Der Zugang zu den indizierten Psychotherapien ist für viele Patienten aus persönlichen Gründen schwierig und führt zu relativ hohen Ablehnungsquoten − trotz hoher Belastung. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Uro-Onkologie. Ein entscheidender Faktor ist die Tatsache, dass hier überwiegend ältere Männer betroffen sind, ein Personenkreis, der sich generell schwertut, eigene Emotionen wahrzunehmen, zu kommunizieren und psychologische Unterstützung in Anspruch zu nehmen. In diesem Zusammenhang werden hohe Anforderungen an die kommunikative Kompetenz des Urologen gestellt.
Effectiveness of Individualised Homoeopathic Medicines versus Conventional Treatment in the Management of Primary Dysmenorrhoea in Young Unmarried Females: A Randomised, Open-Label, Clinical Study
Authors: Jain Lily , Nayak C. , Sharma M. B. , Gehlot Kushal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground Primary dysmenorrhoea (PD) is painful menstruation without any identifiable pelvic pathology. More than 70% of teenagers suffer from varying degrees of discomfort during menstruation. Effective conventional treatment of PD includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or oral contraceptive pills that usually have adverse effects.Objective The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of individualised homoeopathic medicines with symptomatic conventional treatment in management of PD in young unmarried females by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for assessing intensity of pain and World Health Organization Quality of Life: Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) scale for assessing the quality of life (QoL).Materials and Methods In this randomised, open-label, clinical study, 80 patients were randomly allocated in two groups: one with indicated homoeopathic medicines (Group I; N = 40) and the other with conventional treatment (Group II; N = 40). The selection of homoeopathic medicines was based on individualisation, and follow-up of cases was done every month for six cycles. VAS score was used to assess pain intensity and WHOQOL-BREF scale was used for assessing QoL, at 3 and 6 months of treatment.Results In Group I, out of 40 patients, 14 (35%) cases reported moderate pain and 26 (65%) reported severe pain before treatment, out of whom 29 (72.5%) patients had mild pain, 8 (20%) cases moderate pain and 3 (7.5%) cases severe pain, after homoeopathic treatment. In Group II, out of 40 patients, 11 (27.5%) reported moderate pain and 29 (72.5%) had severe pain before treatment, whereas 12 (30%) patients reported mild, 16 (40%) moderate pain and 12 (30%) severe pain, after conventional treatment. The t-value was –4.186 (p < 0.0001) for VAS and 3.988 (p < 0.0001) for overall domain WHOQOL-BREF mean transformed score.Conclusion It was concluded that intensity of pain during menses was reduced and QoL improved in patients with PD in homoeopathic intervention group, which proved the effectiveness of individualised homoeopathic medicines.
Is Maternal Methadone Dose Associated with the Severity of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome?
Authors: Smith Jessica , Lafferty Margaret , Boelig Rupsa C. , Carola David , Adeniyi-Jones Susan , Kraft Walter K. , Greenspan Jay S. , Aghai Zubair H. 
Published: December 2020

Objective The aim of the study is to assess the correlation between maternal methadone dose and severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in infants that required pharmacological treatment for NAS.
Study Design This is a retrospective analysis of 574 infants ≥35 weeks' gestation exposed to methadone in utero, born between August 2006 and May 2018, and who required pharmacological therapy for NAS. Indicators of NAS severity (duration of morphine treatment, maximum morphine dose, use of phenobarbital, and length of hospitalization) were compared between infants exposed to high (≥200 mg), intermediate (100–199 mg), and low doses (<100 mg) of methadone. Logistic and linear regression models were used to adjust for the covariates.
Results Median (interquartile range) duration of medical treatment with morphine was higher in infants exposed to higher doses of methadone (low dose 23 [14–37] days, intermediate dose 31 [18–45] days, and high dose 35 [20–48] days, p < 0.001). Higher methadone doses were also predictive of longer duration of hospitalization, higher maximum morphine dose, and increased likelihood of treatment with phenobarbital. The association between maternal methadone dose and the severity of NAS persisted in multivariable regression models.
Conclusion Infants exposed to higher methadone doses displayed more severe NAS, as indicated by longer durations of treatment, higher maximum morphine dose, longer duration of hospitalization, and increased likelihood of phenobarbital use.
Key Points
Inborn Errors of Metabolism in a Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lipari Patrícia , Shchomak Zakhar , Boto Leonor , Janeiro Patrícia , Moldovan Oana , Abecasis Francisco , Gaspar Ana , Vieira Marisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFew studies exist describing resources and care of pediatric patients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This study aims to characterize the PICU admissions of these patients to provide better diagnostic and therapeutic care in the future. Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with IEM admitted to the PICU of a tertiary care center at a metabolic referral university hospital from 2009 to 2019 was included. Clinical information and demographic data were collected from PICU clinical records. During this period, 2% (n = 88 admissions, from 65 children) out of 4,459 PICU admissions had clinical features of IEM. The median age was 3 years (range: 3 days–21 years) and 33 were male. Median age at diagnosis was 3 months; 23/65 patients with intoxication disorders, 21/65 with disorders of energy metabolism, 17/65 with disorders of complex molecules, and 4/65 with other metabolic diseases (congenital lipodystrophy, Menkes' disease, hyperammonemia without a diagnosis). From a total of 88 admissions, 62 were due to metabolic decompensation (infection—38, neonatal period decompensation—14, external accident—5, prolonged fasting—2, and therapeutic noncompliance—3) and 26 elective admissions after a scheduled surgery/elective procedure. The most frequent clinical presentations were respiratory failure (30/88) and neurological deterioration (26/88). Mechanical ventilation was required in 30 patients and parenteral nutrition in 6 patients. Extracorporeal removal therapy was required in 16 pediatric patients (12 with maple syrup urine disease and 4 with hyperammonemia) with a median duration of 19 hours. The median length of PICU stay was 3.6 days (3 hours–35 days). Eight patients died during the studied period (cerebral edema—2, massive hemorrhage—5, and malignant arrhythmia—1). Acute decompensation was the main cause of admission in PICU in these patients. The complexity of these diseases requires specialized human and technical resources, with an important impact on the recovery and survival of these patients.
Perception of Pharmacy Students Toward Opioid-Related Disorders and Roles of Community Pharmacists: A French Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Balayssac David , Pereira Bruno , Cuq Pierre , Douris Juliette , Ferrari Luc , Boutet-Robinet Elisa , Lechevrel Mathilde , Demeilliers Christine , Rat Patrice , Coudoré François , Verron Elise , Lacarelle Bruno , Guitton Jérôme , Courtois Arnaud , Allorge Delphine , Pain Stéphanie , Guerbet Michel , Collin Aurore , Vennat Brigitte , Brousse Georges , Authier Nicolas , Laporte Catherine 
Published: December 2020

Background Community pharmacists are among the frontline health professionals who manage patients with an opioid-related disorder (ORD). Pharmacists frequently have a negative attitude toward these patients, which could have a negative impact on their management. However, education on ORD may improve the attitude of future healthcare professionals. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess French pharmacy students’ perceptions of ORD. Methods This online survey was performed by emails sent to French pharmacy schools (between January 14, 2019 and May 31, 2019). The primary outcome was the perception (visual analogic scale) of ORD as a disease, the roles of community pharmacies (delivery of opioid agonist therapy—OAT and harm reduction kits), and the efficacy of OAT. The secondary outcomes assessed professional experience, university experience of and education on ORD, and the individual characteristics of students. Results Among the 1,994 students included, 76.3% perceived ORD as a disease and felt that it was normal for pharmacists to deliver OAT (78.9%) and harm reduction kits (74.6%). However, only 46.9% perceived OAT as being effective. Multivariable analyses showed that females had a more positive perception in recognizing ORD as a disease. The progression through university years increased the positive perception of ORD as a disease and the delivery of OAT and harm reduction kits by pharmacists. Education on substance-related disorders had no impact on any scores. Students who had already delivered OAT had a negative perception of their efficacy. The students who had already performed pharmacy jobs or traineeships had a negative perception of harm reduction kit delivery. Conclusion Education on substance-related disorders had no impact on students’ perceptions. It seemed that the maturity acquired through university years had a stronger impact on the students’ perceptions of ORD. Efforts must be made to improve our teaching methods and reinforce the confidence of students in the roles of community pharmacists.
Hepcidin and interleukin‐6 responses to endurance exercise over the menstrual cycle
Authors: Barba‐Moreno Laura , Alfaro‐Magallanes Víctor M. , de Jonge Xanne A.K. Janse , Díaz Angel E. , Cupeiro Rocío , Peinado Ana B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to investigate iron metabolism in endurance trained women through the interleukin‐6, hepcidin and iron responses to exercise along different endogenous hormonal states. Fifteen women performed 40 min treadmill running trials at 75% vVO2peak during three specific phases of the menstrual cycle: early follicular phase (day 3 ± 0.85), mid‐follicular phase (day 8 ± 1.09) and luteal phase (day 21 ± 1.87). Venous blood samples were taken pre‐, 0 h post‐ and 3 h post‐exercise. Interleukin‐6 reported a significant interaction for menstrual cycle phase and time (p=0.014), showing higher interleukin‐6 levels at 3 h post‐exercise during luteal phase compared to the early follicular phase (p=0.004) and the mid‐follicular phase (p=0.002). Iron levels were significantly lower (p=0.009) during the early follicular phase compared to the mid‐follicular phase. However, hepcidin levels were not different across menstrual cycle phases (p>0.05). The time‐course for hepcidin and interleukin‐6 responses to exercise was different from the literature, since hepcidin peak levels occurred at 0 h post‐exercise, whereas the highest interleukin‐6 levels occurred at 3 h post‐exercise. We concluded that menstrual cycle phases may alter interleukin‐6 production causing a higher inflammation when progesterone levels are elevated (days 19–21). Moreover, during the early follicular phase a significant reduction of iron levels is observed potentially due to a loss of haemoglobin through menses. According to our results, high intensity exercises should be carefully monitored in these phases in order not to further compromise iron stores.
Active real-time electric field control of the e-jet in near-field electrospinning using an auxiliary electrode
Authors: Karlsson Anton , Bergman Henrik , Johansson Stefan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Near-field electrospinning (NFES) is an additive manufacturing technique that allows for both high-resolution 3D structures and a wide variety of printed materials. Typically, a high electric field between a nozzle, the spinneret, and the substrate creates a μm-sized jet of a supplied liquid material. With mm distances between spinneret and sample, it is possible to have a fair control of the lateral placement of the deposited material. The placement is, however, distributed by various electrostatic phenomena, and this is one of the present challenges in developing NFES into a more versatile technique. In this paper, a higher degree of control in NFES placement was achieved through manipulation of the electric field direction, using an auxiliary steering electrode. The position of a polycaprolactone plastic jet was determined in real-time with a camera attached to a stereo microscope. The measured position was used to calculate an applied potential to the steering electrode to guide the plastic jet to the desired position. The placement accuracy was measured both at the substrate and during flight using the camera and microscope. The higher control was revealed through the deposition of plastic fibers in a pattern with decreasing separation, with and without the active steering electrode enabled. It is in the authors’ opinion that the fabrication of dense structures could be possible with further refinement of the technique.
Efficient coaxial n-i-p heterojunction Sb2S3 solar cells
Authors: Zhao Xiangchun , Tang Rongfeng , Zhang Lijian , Jiang Chenhui , Lian Weitao , Wang Xiaomin , Han Wenhao , Wu Chunyan , Ju Huanxin , Chen Tao , Zhu Changfei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sb2S3 is a kind of emerging light harvesting material for solar cell applications, where both planar and nanostructured configurations are of great interests in the device investigations. This work conducts a comparative study on heterojunction configuration of Sb2S3 solar cells with regard to different CdS substrates. By controlling the hydrothermal durations of Sb2S3 film, the CdS nanorod enables the fabrication of coaxial n-i-p heterojunction Sb2S3 solar cells. It is demonstrated that coaxial heterojunction can effectively improve carrier transport compared with planar heterojunction, leading to the fill factor increasing from 51.3% to 62.7% with regard to different degree of pore filling. Mechanism investigations suggest that both deep-level defect type and defect density in coaxial heterojunction device are significantly reduced, which further reduces carrier recombination in Sb2S3 film, clearly manifesting that the coaxial heterojunction configuration reduces the series resistance and enables efficient carrier transport. In addition, the coaxial heterojunction device presents a remarkably improved stability compared with planar heterojunction device. The research offers a fundamental guideline for the fabrication of efficient antimony chalcogenide solar cells.
Tailoring of carrier concentration and engineering of band gap for Sn-doped In2O3 films by postirradiation of negatively charged oxygen ions
Authors: Furubayashi Yutaka , Maehara Makoto , Kitami Hisashi , Sakemi Toshiyuki , Yamamoto Tetsuya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate that the state-of-the-art postirradiation technology for negatively charged oxygen (O−) ions is effective for tailoring carrier concentration (n

e
), electrical resistivity (ρ), and optical band gap (E
g) in a wide range for polycrystalline 50-nm-thick Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) films on glass substrates by reactive plasma deposition with direct-current arc discharge. As-deposited ITO films showed n

e
of 9.2 × 1020 cm−3, ρ of 1.5 × 10−4 Ω cm, and E
g of 3.50 eV. The postirradiation of O− ions for 180 min at 250 °C decreased n

e
to 2.4 × 1018 cm−3. This resulted in a significant increase in ρ to 3.5 × 10−1 Ω cm while retaining the bixbyite crystal structure and the spatial distribution of Sn dopant atoms. The postirradiation of O− ions led to the continuous decrease in the optical E
g ranging from 3.50 to 3.02 eV, which is smaller than that of undoped In2O3. For degenerate ITO films, conventional theories about the broadening and narrowing of the optical E
g explain the experimental results well. On the other hand, for nondegenerate ITO films, the optical E
g shrinkage would be mainly caused by an upward energy shift attributable to the generation of the anti-bonding π* states between O 2p and In 4d orbitals within the topmost valence band owing to the lattice disorder associated with incorporated interstitial oxygen atoms that fill structural vacancy sites. On the basis of the Ioffe–Regel criterion utilizing the electron mean free path, Fermi momentum, and their product, we determined the critical n

e
at which degenerate ITO films transform to nondegenerate ones.
Two-dimensional aluminium, gallium, and indium metallic crystals by first-principles design
Authors: Anam Bushra , Gaston Nicola 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rapidly emerging two-dimensional (2D) atomic layer crystals exhibit diverse, tunable electronic properties. They appear to be more flexible than 3D crystals with greater versatility and improved functionality in a wide range of potential applications. Among these 2D materials, metallic crystals are relatively unexplored although two allotropes of gallenene (2D gallium) have been synthesized on a range of substrates. Based on these experimental findings, we investigate systematically the group 13 metals using first-principles density functional theory calculations and an unbiased structural search. In this study, the electronic structure, bonding characteristics, and phonon properties of predicted 2D allotropes of group 13 metals are calculated, including the expected effects of strain induced by substrates on the dynamical stability. Theoretical results predict that most group 13 elements have one or more stable 2D allotropes with the preferred allotrope depending on the cell shape relaxation and strain, indicating that the substrate will determine the overall allotrope preferred. This demonstrates a new avenue for the discovery of thermodynamically stable 2D metallic layers, with properties potentially suitable for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Preparation of QDs@SiO2-PEG-LMPET and its influence on crystallization and luminescence of polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Wang Yanqi , Wang Yao , Zhang Miaorong , Liu Jixian , Huang Linjun , Wang Yanxin , Hao Tian , Li Jie , Tang Jianguo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The composite particles composed of quantum dots coated with silica and grafted with copolymer of polyethylene glycol and low molecular weight polyethylene terephthalate (QDs@SiO2-PEG-LMPET) are synthesized. The internal QDs provide luminescent performance and combine with SiO2 to form QDs@SiO2 with good dispersion to solve the defect that small-sized SiO2 is prone to agglomerate. The block polymer LMPET-PEG grafted on the surface can make the composite particles better compatible with the PET matrix. In summary, QDs@SiO2-PEG-LMPET not only play the same role as SiO2 to enhance the crystallization performance of PET matrix, but also provide stable luminescence performance, which is multifunctional additive with broad application prospects.