bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the social support for mothers of patients with eating disorders, maternal mental health, and patient symptomatic severity: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yamada Atsurou , Katsuki Fujika , Kondo Masaki , Sawada Hanayo , Watanabe Norio , Akechi Tatsuo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Although caregivers of patients with eating disorders usually experience a heavy caregiving burden, the effects of social support on caregivers of patients with eating disorders are unknown. This study aimed to investigate how social support for mothers who are caregivers of patients with an eating disorder improves the mothers’ mental status and, consequently, the symptoms and status of the patients.

Methods
Fifty-seven pairs of participants were recruited from four family self-help groups and one university hospital in Japan. Recruitment was conducted from July 2017 to August 2018. Mothers were evaluated for social support using the Japanese version of the Social Provisions Scale-10 item (SPS-10), self-efficacy using the General Self-Efficacy Scale, loneliness using the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, listening attitude using the Active Listening Attitude Scale, family functioning using the Family Assessment Device, depression symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (Second Edition), and psychological distress using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Patients were evaluated for self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, assertion using the Youth Assertion Scale, and their symptoms using the Eating Disorder Inventory. We divided the mothers and patients into two groups based on the mean score of the SPS-10 of mothers and compared the status of mothers and patients between the high- and low-scoring groups.

Results
High social support for mothers of patients with eating disorders was significantly associated with lower scores for loneliness and depression of these mothers. We found no significant differences in any patient scores based on mothers’ level of social support.

Conclusions
For patients with eating disorders, social support for a caregiver cannot be expected to improve their symptoms, but it may help prevent caregiver depression and loneliness.
Querying knowledge graphs in natural language
Authors: Liang Shiqi , Stockinger Kurt , de Farias Tarcisio Mendes , Anisimova Maria , Gil Manuel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKnowledge graphs are a powerful concept for querying large amounts of data. These knowledge graphs are typically enormous and are often not easily accessible to end-users because they require specialized knowledge in query languages such as SPARQL. Moreover, end-users need a deep understanding of the structure of the underlying data models often based on the Resource Description Framework (RDF). This drawback has led to the development of Question-Answering (QA) systems that enable end-users to express their information needs in natural language. While existing systems simplify user access, there is still room for improvement in the accuracy of these systems. In this paper we propose a new QA system for translating natural language questions into SPARQL queries. The key idea is to break up the translation process into 5 smaller, more manageable sub-tasks and use ensemble machine learning methods as well as Tree-LSTM-based neural network models to automatically learn and translate a natural language question into a SPARQL query. The performance of our proposed QA system is empirically evaluated using the two renowned benchmarks-the 7th Question Answering over Linked Data Challenge (QALD-7) and the Large-Scale Complex Question Answering Dataset (LC-QuAD). Experimental results show that our QA system outperforms the state-of-art systems by 15% on the QALD-7 dataset and by 48% on the LC-QuAD dataset, respectively. In addition, we make our source code available.
Predictive CT features for the diagnosis of primary pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma: comparison with squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas
Authors: Ban Xiaohua , Shen Xinping , Hu Huijun , Zhang Rong , Xie Chuanmiao , Duan Xiaohui , Zhou Cuiping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the predictive CT imaging features for diagnosis in patients with primary pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinomas (PMECs).Materials and methodsCT imaging features of 37 patients with primary PMECs, 76 with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 78 with adenocarcinomas were retrospectively reviewed. The difference of CT features among the PMECs, SCCs and adenocarcinomas was analyzed using univariate analysis, followed by multinomial logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsCT imaging features including tumor size, location, margin, shape, necrosis and degree of enhancement were significant different among the PMECs, SCCs and adenocarcinomas, as determined by univariate analysis (P < 0.05). Only lesion location, shape, margin and degree of enhancement remained independent factors in multinomial logistic regression analysis. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve of the obtained multinomial logistic regression model was 0.805 (95%CI: 0.704–0.906).ConclusionThe prediction model derived from location, margin, shape and degree of enhancement can be used for preoperative diagnosis of PMECs.
Radiomic signature based on CT imaging to distinguish invasive adenocarcinoma from minimally invasive adenocarcinoma in pure ground-glass nodules with pleural contact
Authors: Jiang Yining , Che Siyu , Ma Shuangchun , Liu Xinyan , Guo Yan , Liu Ailian , Li Guosheng , Li Zhiyong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs) with pleural contact (P-pGGNs) comprise not only invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC), but also minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA). Radiomics recognizes complex patterns in imaging data by extracting high-throughput features of intra-tumor heterogeneity in a non-invasive manner. In this study, we sought to develop and validate a radiomics signature to identify IAC and MIA presented as P-pGGNs.

Methods
In total, 100 patients with P-pGGNs (69 training samples and 31 testing samples) were retrospectively enrolled from December 2012 to May 2018. Imaging and clinical findings were also analyzed. In total, 106 radiomics features were extracted from the 3D region of interest (ROI) using computed tomography (CT) imaging. Univariate analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for IAC. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method with 10-fold cross-validation was used to generate predictive features to build a radiomics signature. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curves were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the radiomics signature. Decision curve analyses (DCA) were also conducted to evaluate whether the radiomics signature was sufficiently robust for clinical practice.

Results
Univariate analysis showed significant differences between MIA (N = 47) and IAC (N = 53) groups in terms of patient age, lobulation signs, spiculate margins, tumor size, CT values and relative CT values (all P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed, when MIA was identified from IAC, that the critical value of tumor length diameter (TLD) was1.39 cm and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.724 (sensitivity = 0.792, specificity = 0.553). The critical CT value on the largest axial plane (CT-LAP) was − 597.45 HU, and the AUC was 0.666 (sensitivity = 0.698, specificity= 0.638). The radiomics signature consisted of seven features and exhibited a good discriminative performance between IAC and MIA, with an AUC of 0.892 (sensitivity = 0.811, specificity 0.719), and 0.862 (sensitivity = 0.625, specificity = 0.800) in training and testing samples, respectively.

Conclusions
Our radiomics signature exhibited good discriminative performance in differentiating IAC from MIA in P-pGGNs, and may offer a crucial reference point for follow-up and selective surgical management.
Politics of citizenship during the COVID-19 pandemic: what can educators do?
Authors: Arshad-Ayaz Adeela , Naseem M. Ayaz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs a once in a 100 years emergency, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in repercussions for the economy, the polity, and the social. Also, the ongoing pandemic is as much a teaching moment as it to reflect on the lack of critical citizenship education. The fault lines of the health system have become visible in terms of infection and death rates; the fault lines of the educational system are now apparent in the behavior of the citizens who are flouting the public health guidelines and, in certain cases, actively opposing these guidelines. The main objective of this commentary is to initiate a dialogue on the social contract between the state and the subjects and to see how education and educators can respond to the challenge of the new normal. It is contended that education under the new normal cannot afford to keep educating for unbridled productivity education under the new normal. It must have welfare, human connections, ethical relationships, environmental stewardship, and social justice front and center.
Community health workers for non-communicable diseases prevention and control in Bangladesh: a qualitative study
Authors: Rawal Lal , Jubayer Shamim , Choudhury Sohel R. , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Abdullah Abu S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The increasing burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Bangladesh underscores the importance of strengthening primary health care systems. In this study, we examined the barriers and facilitators to engaging Community Health Workers (CHWs) for NCDs prevention and control in Bangladesh.

Methods
We used multipronged approaches, including a. Situation analyses using a literature review, key personnel and stakeholders’ consultative meetings, and exploratory studies. A grounded theory approach was used for qualitative data collection from health facilities across three districts in Bangladesh. We conducted in-depth interviews with CHWs (Health Inspector; Community Health Care Provider; Health Assistant and Health Supervisor) (n = 4); key informant interviews with central level health policymakers/ managers (n = 15) and focus group discussions with CHWs (4 FGDs; total n = 29). Participants in a stakeholder consultative meeting included members from the government (n = 4), non-government organisations (n = 2), private sector (n = 1) and universities (n = 2). Coding of the qualitative data and identification of themes from the transcripts were carried out and thematic approach was used for data analyses.

Results
The CHWs in Bangladesh deliver a wide range of public health programs. They also provide several NCDs specific services, including screening, provisional diagnosis, and health education and counselling for common NCDs, dispensing basic medications, and referral to relevant health facilities. These services are being delivered from the sub-district health facility, community clinics and urban health clinics. The participants identified key challenges and barriers, which include lack of NCD specific guidelines, inadequate training, excessive workload, inadequate systems-level support, and lack of logistics supplies and drugs. Yet, the facilitating factors to engaging CHWs included government commitment and program priority, development of NCD related policies and strategies, establishment of NCD corners, community support systems, social recognition of health care staff and their motivation.

Conclusion
Engaging CHWs has been a key driver to NCDs services delivery in Bangladesh. However, there is a need for building capacity of CHWs, maximizing CHWs engagement to NCD services delivery, facilitating systems-level support and strengthening partnerships with non-state sectors would be effective in prevention and control efforts of NCDs in Bangladesh.
Suitability of five plant species extracts for their compatibility with indigenous Beauveria bassiana against Aphis gossypii Glov. (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Sayed Samy , Elarnaouty Sayed-Ashraf , Ali Esmat 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glov. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major insect pest on a wide range of plants that causes high damage and transmits plant viruses. This study was carried out to evaluate an indigenous isolate, Beauveria bassiana (Bb), and extracts of 5 plant species: Psiadia penninervia, Pulicaria crispa, Euryops arabicus, Salvia officinalis, and Ochradenus baccatus against A. gossypii, as individual and combined treatments to estimate their compatibility under laboratory conditions. Also, the antifungal activity of these plant extracts against B. bassiana was evaluated.

Results
LC50 value was 8.64 × 104 spores/ml of Bb against A. gossypii, while LC50 values of the tested 5 plant extracts on A. gossypii were 103.64, 879.92, 747.90, 783.28, and 262.42 μg/ml for P. penninervia, P. crispa, E. arabicus, S. officinalis, and O. baccatus, respectively. Both P. penninervia and O. baccatus extracts had the highest antifungal activities against Bb and were significantly different from the other 3 plant extracts. After 24 h of treatment with the combination of Bb and each extract, no effect for these combinations on A. gossypii mortality was recorded. Meanwhile, 5 days after treatment, the combined treatments between Bb and each plant extract achieved a significant increase in mortality than that of the single treatment with Bb or plant extract, except for P. penninervia extract, which did not achieve a significant mortality increase when combined with B. bassiana than that of its single treatment.

Conclusion
P. penninervia extract was not compatible with B. bassiana, but the other tested 4 plant extracts were compatible with B. bassiana. These 4 plant extracts could be used to control aphids in combinations with B. bassiana. Further laboratory and field investigations are needed to examine the effects of these plant extracts on other insect pests or associated beneficial insects.
Biological control of nematodes infecting eggplant in Egypt
Authors: Abd-Elgawad Mahfouz M. M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Eggplant is of great renown in Egypt and worldwide as it is favorable and high value vegetable crop. Yet, many plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) can penetrate the roots of this plant and feed on it, causing heavy losses in its yield. Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematodes, RKNs) and Rotylenchulus reniformis rank high among these parasites in Egypt.

Main body of the abstract
This review compiles PPN ecology, biology and economic value from the pest management point of view. Applying production practices and other preventive methods against PPNs should be a priority. Accelerating and unprecedented public concern about excessive use of chemical nematicides leading to health problems, development of pest resistance, and environmental contamination, has boosted interest in developing eco-friendly biologicals as safe substitutional materials. Hence, safe biological control agents (BCAs) are reviewed herein to prove that they are quintessential to nematode control on eggplant in Egypt. Thus, BCAs should reliably operate with other agricultural inputs in integrated pest management programs against eggplant nematodes.

Short conclusion
A few paradigms are shown herein which foster BCA practical use via additive or synergistic relation with compatible inputs such as compost, chemicals, and manure. Upgrading their delivery techniques, beneficial interaction and persistence in fields with nematode-infected eggplants should be broadly tested and greatly disseminated.
Biosynthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoaggregates using aqueous extract from Anacardium occidentale leaf: comparative study of different precursors
Authors: Droepenu Eric Kwabena , Asare Ebenezer Aquisman , Wee Boon Siong , Wahi Rafeah Binti , Ayertey Frederick , Kyene Michael Odoi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Various parts of Anacardium occidentale plant possess curative qualities like antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant. Aqueous extract of this plant leaf was used in biosynthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoaggregates using two precursors of zinc salt (zinc acetate dihydrate [Zn(CH3COO)2∙2H2O] and zinc chloride [ZnCl2]). The synthesized ZnO samples were used in a comparative study to investigate the antibacterial activity against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes [Staphylococcus aureus, Exiguobacterium aquaticum (Gram +ve) and Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii (Gram −ve)]. The synthesized ZnO nanoaggregates from the two precursors were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques.

Results
Micrographs of SEM and TEM confirmed nanoparticles agglomerated into aggregates. While spherical nanoaggregates were identified in samples prepared from Zn(CH3COO)2∙2H2O, flake-like structures were identified in samples synthesized from ZnCl2. Particle size determined by TEM was 107.03 ± 1.54 nm and 206.58 ± 1.86 nm for zinc acetate dihydrate and zinc chloride precursors respectively. ZnO nanoaggregate synthesized using zinc acetate as precursor gave higher antibacterial activity than its counterpart, zinc chloride with K. pneumonia recording the highest inhibition zone of 2.08 ± 0.03 mm (67.53%) whereas S. aureus recorded the least inhibition zone of 1.06 ± 0.14 mm (34.75%) for ZnO nanoaggregate from zinc chloride precursor. Also, antibacterial activity increases with increasing concentration of the extract in general. However, A. baumannii, E. aquaticum, and K. pneumoniae did not follow the continuity trend with regards to the 250 ppm and 500 ppm concentrations.

Conclusion
Biosynthesis of ZnO nanoaggregates using aqueous extract of A. occidentale leaf from zinc acetate dihydrate and zinc chloride as precursors was successful with the formation of nanospheres and nanoflakes. The study suggested that A. occidentale sp. could be an alternative source for the production of ZnO nanoparticles and are efficient antibacterial compounds against both Gram +ve and Gram −ve microbes with its promising effect against infectious bacteria.
Patient-Reported Symptom Burden as a Predictor of Emergency Department Use and Unplanned Hospitalization in Head and Neck Cancer: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study
Authors: Noel Christopher W. , Sutradhar Rinku , Zhao Haoyu , Delibasic Victoria , Forner David , Irish Jonathan C. , Kim Jonathan , Husain Zain , Mahar Alyson , Karam Irene , Enepekides Danny J. , Chan Kelvin K. W. , Singh Simron , Hallet Julie , Coburn Natalie G. , Eskander Antoine 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE:To determine the association between patient-reported symptom burden and subsequent emergency department use and unplanned hospitalization (ED/Hosp) in a head and neck cancer (HNC) patient population.METHODS:This was a population-based study of patients diagnosed with HNC who had completed at least one outpatient Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) assessment between January 2007 and March 2018 in Ontario, Canada. Logistic regression models were used to determine the relationship between outpatient ESAS scores and subsequent 14-day ED/Hosp use. A generalized estimating equation approach with an exchangeable correlation structure was incorporated to account for patient-level clusteringRESULTS:There were 11,761 patients identified, completing a total of 73,282 ESAS assessments and experiencing 5,203 ED/Hosp events. Six of the nine ESAS symptom scores were positively associated with ED/Hosp use, with pain, appetite, shortness of breath, and tiredness demonstrating the strongest associations. A global ESAS score was calculated by selecting the highest individual symptom score (h-ESAS). Among patients reporting a maximum h-ESAS score of 10, 15.1% had an ED/Hosp event within 14 days compared with 1.5% for those with the lowest possible score of zero. In adjusted analysis, the odds of ED/Hosp use increased with h-ESAS (1.23 per one-unit increase [95% CI, 1.22 to 1.25]). When treated as a categorical variable, patients with the maximum h-ESAS score of 10 had 9.23 (95% CI, 7.22 to 11.33) higher odds of ED/Hosp use, relative to the minimum score of zero.CONCLUSION:ESAS scores are strongly associated with subsequent ED/Hosp events in patients with HNC. Clinician education around how ESAS data might inform patient care may enhance symptom detection and management.
Chemotherapy in Combination With Radiotherapy for Definitive-Intent Treatment of Stage II-IVA Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: CSCO and ASCO Guideline
Authors: Chen Yu-Pei , Ismaila Nofisat , Chua Melvin L. K. , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Haddad Robert , Huang Shao Hui , Wee Joseph T. S. , Whitley Alexander C. , Yi Jun-Lin , Yom Sue S. , Chan Anthony T. C. , Hu Chao-Su , Lang Jin-Yi , Le Quynh-Thu , Lee Anne W. M. , Lee Nancy , Lin Jin-Ching , Ma Brigette , Morgan Thomas J. , Shah Jatin , Sun Ying , Ma Jun 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE The aim of this joint guideline is to provide evidence-based recommendations to practicing physicians and other healthcare providers on definitive-intent chemoradiotherapy for patients with stage II-IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) and ASCO convened an expert panel of radiation oncology, medical oncology, surgery, and advocacy representatives. The literature search included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials published from 1990 through 2020. Outcomes of interest included survival, distant and locoregional disease control, and quality of life. Expert panel members used this evidence and informal consensus to develop evidence-based guideline recommendations. RESULTS The literature search identified 108 relevant studies to inform the evidence base for this guideline. Five overarching clinical questions were addressed, which included subquestions on radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy sequence, and concurrent, induction, and adjuvant chemotherapy options. RECOMMENDATIONS Evidence-based recommendations were developed to address aspects of care related to chemotherapy in combination with RT for the definitive-intent treatment of stage II to IVA NPC. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/head-neck-cancer-guidelines .