bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of flexible multi‐level topography for enhancing mechanical property
Authors: Li Peiliu , Wang Lei , Zhao Feng , Feng Shile , Zhang Qingzhu , Zhao Hongbin , Hou Yongping , Zheng Yongmei , Liu Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRobust mechanical property is fundamentally significant for applications of nano‐materials, such as micro‐fluidic, sensor, superhydrophobic/ icephobic, and crush‐resistant functions. However, the nano‐materials used in the applications are always easily ruined due to the poor adhesion and weak mechanical properties. To enhance the nano‐materials’ duration in hash environment, a strategy of robust nano‐topography protection is studied in this paper. In our experiment, a series of multi‐level sub‐mm topography with nano‐materials are fabricated by integrating the methods of soft lithography, and crystal growth. The mechanical properties of nano‐materials are quantitatively studied, and the nano‐material can be protected by the designed flexible multi‐level topography, which significantly decreases the strain and stress of the nano‐structure. To investigate the mechanism of this performance, a series of simulations are performed, and a mechanical model is established to explain this phenomenon. This work uncovers the multi‐level principles for nano‐materials protection and gives a guideline to design the nano‐materials’ surfaces.
Unimodal eccentricity in trees
Authors: Gylfason Jökull S. , Hilmarsson Bernhard L. , Tonoyan Tigran 
Published: December 2020

AbstractJordan's classic theorem states that the center of every tree (the set of minimum eccentricity vertices) forms a complete subgraph. This property, which we refer to as the “Jordan property,” has been established for various definitions of eccentricity, the most popular being the maximum and average distances of a vertex to the others. In this note, we consider unimodal eccentricity functions, such that in every tree, the eccentricity strictly increases along every center‐to‐leaf path (whose second vertex is not in the center). Unimodal eccentricity implies the Jordan property. We prove that every function of distances with appropriate convexity and monotonicity is a unimodal eccentricity function. This covers many functions of distances that have been known to satisfy the Jordan property, and many others for which the Jordan property was not known prior to this work. Most of our results hold for trees with arbitrary positive weights on edges.
Investigation of thermal comfort properties of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane fiber coated knitted fabrics for wind‐resistant clothing
Authors: Oğlakcıoğlu Nida , Akduman Cigdem , Sarı Burak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe integration of nanofibers into conventional fabrics may open up new opportunities such as improving the comfort performance and thermal management properties of outdoor clothing. Nanofibers are able to form a highly porous mesh and their large surface‐to‐volume ratio improves performance for many applications. This study shows the possible utility of the nanofiber coating on conventional knitted fabrics for improving the wind‐resistance and breathability properties. It was seen that nanofiber coating did not cause a significant effect on water vapor and thermal resistance of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane nanofiber coated cotton (CO), modal (CMD), viscose (CV), and lyocell (CLY) single jersey fabrics, while resistance to air permeability was increased with the increased nanofiber coating. High level of air resistance was achieved with 30 min of coating. In terms of comfort properties, the nanofiber coating proved to be advantageous due to its lower air permeability with its water vapor permeable structure. However, thermal insulation level of these fabrics was still low and fragile nanofiber layer needed to be protected. Therefore, a multi‐layered fabric form was derived from combination of cotton and lyocell fabrics with a nanofiber layer. The results showed that nanofibers could be used to improve the wind‐resistance and comfort properties of multi‐layered knitted structures.
Emerging therapies for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review
Authors: Guirguis Erenie , Grace Yasmin , Bolson Anthony , DellaVecchia Matthew J. , Ruble Melissa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo describe the mechanism, efficacy, and safety of novel agents that have reached phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of biopsy‐proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A literature search was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines of MEDLINE databases (1990 to October 2020) with the following MeSH terms: NASH, nonalcoholic liver disease, fatty liver, liver diseases, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis; combined with obeticholic acid, FXR agonist, cenicriviroc, CCR5 receptor antagonist, elafibranor, PPAR, selonsertib, ASK‐1 inhibitor, resmetirom, THR‐β receptor, arachidyl amido cholanoic acid (Aramchol™), and SCD‐1 modulator. Results were verified via clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, and Google. Articles were included if the medications of interest had ongoing or completed phase 3 trials in biopsy‐proven NASH with outcomes directly related to NASH resolution. Eleven studies were identified involving obeticholic acid (OCA), elafibranor, cenicriviroc, Aramchol, and resmetirom. Two agents have reported data from phase 3 trials: OCA and elafibranor. OCA demonstrated safety and efficacy in NASH with a primary end point of improvement or NASH resolution; a new drug approval has been submitted. Elafibranor failed to show efficacy in NASH in the preliminary report from the RESOLVE‐IT trial; however, the study is being extended to reassess outcomes. The remaining agents demonstrated positive results in phase 2b studies and have initiated phase 3 trials. With projections for increased prevalence of patients with NASH and the current lack of treatment options, novel agents with targeted mechanisms could potentially change the treatment landscape. The manufacturer of OCA is first to submit a new drug application for the treatment of NASH. These novel agents may fill a pharmacotherapy gap in patients with NASH and possibly prevent progression to advanced liver disease.
Insulin binding to the analytical antibody sandwich pair OXI‐005 and HUI‐018: Epitope mapping and binding properties
Authors: Johansson Eva , Wu Xiaoai , Yu Bingke , Yang Zhiru , Cao Zheng , Wiberg Charlotte , Jeppesen Claus B. , Poulsen Fritz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe insulin epitopes for two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), OXI‐005 and HUI‐018, commonly used in combination for insulin concentration determination in sandwich assays, were determined using X‐ray crystallography. The crystal structure of the HUI‐018 Fab in complex with human insulin (HI) was determined and OXI‐005 Fab crystal structures were determined in complex with HI and porcine insulin (PI) as well as on its own. The OXI‐005 epitope comprises insulin residues 1,3,4,19–21 (A‐chain) and 25–30 (B‐chain) and for HUI‐018 residues 7,8,10–14,17 (A‐chain) and 5–7, 10, 14 (B‐chain). The areas of insulin involved in interactions with the mAb are 20% (OXI‐005) and 24% (HUI‐018) of the total insulin surface. Based on the Fab complex crystal structures with the insulins a molecular model for simultaneous binding of the Fabs to PI was built and this model was validated by small angle X‐ray scattering measurements for the ternary complex. The epitopes for the mAbs on insulin were found well separated from each other as expected from luminiscent oxygen channeling immunoassay results for different insulins (HI, PI, bovine insulin, DesB30 HI, insulin glargine, insulin lispro). The affinities of the OXI‐005 and HUI‐018 Fabs for HI, PI, and DesB30 HI were determined using surface plasmon resonance. The KDs were found to be in the range of 1–4 nM for the HUI‐018 Fab, while more different for the OXI‐005 Fab (50 nM for HI, 20 nM for PI and 400 nM for DesB30 HI) supporting the importance of residue B30 for binding to OXI‐005.
Simplified design procedure for nonconventional multiple tuned mass damper and experimental validation
Authors: Li Bowei , Dai Kaoshan , Meng Jiayao , Liu Kai , Wang Jianze , Tesfamariam Solomon 
Published: December 2020

SummaryA simplified design procedure, for nonconventional multiple tuned mass damper (TMD) (NC‐MTMD) system, was proposed. This system entails targeted tuning of each TMD by considering several mechanical factors (e.g., seismic excitation, TMD mass, and location). Subsequently, all TMDs are tuned to their corresponding modes by a group of semi‐empirical design formulae based on previous theoretical studies on MTMD systems, in the tuning phase. The procedure was then calibrated by numerical optimization results of an actual existing thermal power plant structure and validated in both comparative numerical study and a shaking table test. The experimental model was designed based on the thermal power plant structure configuration. Springs and eddy current dampers were adopted to model the resistance and energy dissipation of TMDs. A numerical comparative study was carried out between a traditional design method and the proposed design scheme. Six representative NC‐MTMD mass cases were investigated in the shaking table test to study the robustness of the method. The seismic mitigation efficiency was evaluated by comparison study on frequency, peak, and root mean square responses. The NC‐MTMD design was proved to be effective to help reduce seismic responses of the structure.
Development and validation of language and visuospatial composite scores in ADNI
Authors: Choi Seo‐Eun , Mukherjee Shubhabrata , Gibbons Laura E. , Sanders R. Elizabeth , Jones Richard N. , Tommet Douglas , Mez Jesse , Trittschuh Emily H. , Saykin Andrew , Lamar Melissa , Rabin Laura , Foldi Nancy S. , Sikkes Sietske , Jutten Roos J. , Grandoit Evan , Mac Donald Christine , Risacher Shannon , Groot Colin , Ossenkoppele Rik ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Crane Paul K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionComposite scores may be useful to summarize overall language or visuospatial functioning in studies of older adults.MethodsWe used item response theory to derive composite measures for language (ADNI‐Lan) and visuospatial functioning (ADNI‐VS) from the cognitive battery administered in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We evaluated the scores among groups of people with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in terms of responsiveness to change, association with imaging findings, and ability to differentiate between MCI participants who progressed to AD dementia and those who did not progress.ResultsADNI‐Lan and ADNI‐VS were able to detect change over time and predict conversion from MCI to AD. They were associated with most of the pre‐specified magnetic resonance imaging measures. ADNI‐Lan had strong associations with a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker pattern.DiscussionADNI‐Lan and ADNI‐VS may be useful composites for language and visuospatial functioning in ADNI.
Musa paradisiacaL. leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts improved the lipid profile, glycemic index and oxidative stress in nicotinamide/streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Ahmed Osama M. , Abd El‐Twab Sanaa M. , Al‐Muzafar Hessah M. , Adel Amin Kamal , Abdel Aziz Sarah M. , Abdel‐Gabbar Mohammed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to assess antihyperlipidemic, cardiac and antioxidant effects as well as mode of actions ofMusa paradisiaca(M. paradisiaca) leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts in nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight), 15 min after intraperitoneal injection of NA (120 mg/kg body weight). NA/STZ‐induced diabetic rats were orally supplemented withM. paradisiacaleaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 days. The treatment of NA/STZ‐induced diabetic rats withM. paradisiacaleaf and fruit peel extracts significantly decreased the elevated fasting and post‐prandial serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL‐cholesterol and vLDL‐cholesterol levels and significantly increased the lowered serum insulin level, liver glycogen content, serum HDL‐cholesterol level, homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IS) and HOMA‐β cell function. The elevated cardiovascular risk indices in diabetic rats were significantly improved due to treatment withM. paradisiacaextracts. Concomitant with the increase in liver glycogen content, the glucose‐6‐phosphatase activity significantly decreased reflecting the decrease in hepatic glucose output. The heart function was potentially ameliorated as manifested by decrease in the elevated serum creatine kinase‐MB, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase activities after treatments of diabetic rats withM. paradisiacaextracts. The elevated liver lipid peroxidation and the decline in liver glutathione content and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione‐S‐transferase activities were significantly reversed by treatments. Thus, it can be concluded thatM. paradisiacaleaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts may have antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective potentials in NA/STZ‐induced diabetic rats. These effects may be mediatedviaimprovements in the glycemic state, β‐cell function, tissue insulin sensitivity, and antioxidant defense mechanism.
Paradoxes of financial schemes for resilient flood recovery of households
Authors: Slavíková Lenka , Hartmann Thomas , Thaler Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFlood resilience (resilient flood risk management), which has been repeatedly demanded, can be achieved through the phases of the risk management cycle. There is a vast body of literature on adaptation, disaster risk reduction measures, and effectiveness of prevention, seen through the lens of postdisaster recovery, but oftentimes the existing literature seems to underestimate the impact of financial flood recovery schemes on resilient recovery of individual households in particular. This contribution focuses on how financial schemes for flood damage compensations—their sources, design, and timing—shape the resilience of recovery of individual households. It discusses the dilemma of recovery of whether recovery schemes should be used strategically to increase resilience, or rather serve early restoration needs, equality access issues, and so on. This contribution seeks to unify the current fragmented academic debate on household resilient recovery by focusing on the ambiguous role of financial recovery schemes.This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Planning WaterHuman Water > Value of Water
Primary sludge fermentate as carbon source for mainstream partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA)
Authors: Ali Priyanka , Zalivina Nadezhda , Le Tri , Riffat Rumana , Ergas Sarina , Wett Bernhard , Murthy Sudhir , Al‐Omari Ahmed , deBarbadillo Christine , Bott Charles , De Clippeleir Haydée 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrimary sludge fermentate, a concentrated hydrolyzed wastewater carbon, was evaluated for use as an alternative carbon source for mainstream partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA) in a suspended growth activated sludge process in terms of partial denitrification (PdN) efficiency, PdNA nitrogen removal contributions, and final effluent quality. Fermenter operation at a 2‐day sludge retention time (SRT) resulted in the maximum achievable yield of 0.14 ± 0.05 g sCOD/g VSS without release of excessive ammonia and phosphorus to the system. Based on the results of batch experiments, fermentate addition led to PdN efficiency of 93 ± 14%, which was similar to acetate at a nitrate residual of 2–3 mg N/L. In the pilot‐scale mainstream deammonification reactor, PdN efficiency using fermentate was 49 ± 24%, which was lower than acetate (66 ± 24% during acetate period I and 70 ± 21% during acetate period II), most probably due to lower nitrate and ammonium kinetics in the PdN zone. Methanol cost‐saving potential for the application of PdNA as the main short‐cut nitrogen pathway was estimated to be 30% to 55% depending on the PdN efficiency achieved.Practitioner points

Primary sludge fermentate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for mainstream partial denitrification–anammox (PdNA).
Fermenter operated at a 1 to 2 day SRT resulted in the maximum achievable yield without the release of excessive ammonia and phosphorus to the system.
Although 93% partial denitrification efficiency was achieved with fermentate in batch experiments, around 49% PdN efficiency was achieved in pilot studies.
Application of PdNA with fermentate can result in significant methanol cost savings.
Functionalized Tetrazole Energetics: A Route to Enhanced Performance
Authors: Wang Tao , Gao Haixiang , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTetrazoles are a class of heterocyclic compounds. Many tetrazole derivatives have been studied extensively as potential high energy materials. Compared with other nitrogen‐rich heterocycles, most tetrazole‐based heterocycles demonstrate superior properties due to the higher density and heat of formation levels. A large variety of advanced energetic materials have been achieved based on the combination of tetrazole moieties with a collection of bridges. This review is an overview of the recent developments of energetic tetrazole structures, and where possible, information such as the synthetic methods, and physical and detonation properties are provided. Given the synthetic opportunities and outstanding properties, energetic materials based on tetrazole structures are undoubtedly promising candidates for the development of highly energetic materials for civilian or military applications.
TLR agonists enhance responsiveness of inflammatory innate immune cells in HLA-B*57-positive HIV patients
Authors: Dold L. , Zimmer L. , Schwarze-Zander C. , Boesecke C. , Mohr R. , Wasmuth J.-C. , Ommer K. , Gathof B. , Krämer B. , Nattermann J. , Strassburg C. P. , Rockstroh J. K. , Spengler U. , Langhans B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
HLA-B*57 affects the course of HIV infection. Under antiretroviral therapy, its effects cannot be explained by outstandingly efficient T cell responses alone but may also involve cells of innate immunity. Studying in vitro stimulation with Pam3CSK4, E. coli LPS-B5 and CpG-ODN-2216, we observed greater induction of IL-6/IL-1beta double-positive CD14+CD16++ monocytes as well as IFN-gamma-positive cytotoxic CD56highCD16neg NK cells in HLA-B*57- versus HLA-B*44-positive HIV patients, while TNF-alpha induction remained unchanged. Differences were not seen in the other monocyte and NK cell subsets or in HLA-matched healthy controls. Our findings show that, in virally suppressed HIV infection, HLA-B*57 is associated with enhanced responsiveness of inflammatory innate immune cells to TLR ligands, possibly contributing to increased vulnerability in sepsis.

Key messages
• HLA-B*57 is a host factor affecting clinical outcomes of HIV infection.
• HLA-B*57 modifies inflammatory subsets of NK cells and monocytes in HIV infection.
• In HLA-B*57-positive HIV patients TLR agonists induce enhanced IL-6/IL-1beta in monocytes.
• NK cells from HLA-B*57 HIV patients release more IFN-gamma upon TLR costimulation.
• HLA-B*57 is linked to enhanced inflammatory responsiveness to TLR ligands.
Early posterior negativity indicates time dilation by arousal
Authors: Özoğlu Ezgi , Thomaschke Roland 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigated whether Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) indicated the subjective dilation of time when judging the duration of arousing stimuli. Participants performed a visual temporal bisection task along with high-level and low-level arousing auditory stimuli, while we simultaneously recorded EEG. In accordance with previous studies, arousing stimuli were temporally overestimated and led to higher EPN amplitude. Yet, we observed that time dilation and EPN amplitude were significantly correlated and this effect cannot be explained by confounds from stimulus valence. We interpret our findings in terms of the pacemaker–accumulator model of human timing, and suggest that EPN indicates an arousal-based increasing of the speed of our mental clock.
Adjustable polystyrene nanoparticle templates for the production of mesoporous foams and ZnO inverse opals
Authors: Abitaev Karina , Qawasmi Yaseen , Atanasova Petia , Dargel Carina , Bill Joachim , Hellweg Thomas , Sottmann Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe manifold applications of porous materials, such as in storage, separation, and catalysis, have led to an enormous interest in their cost-efficient preparation. A promising strategy to obtain porous materials with adjustable pore size and morphology is to use templates exhibiting the appropriate nanostructure. In this study, close-packed polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles, synthesized by emulsion polymerization, were used to produce porous PS and ZnO inverse opals. The size and distribution of the polystyrene nanoparticles, characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were controlled via the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Systematic measurements of the water/styrene-interfacial tension show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the ternary water–styrene–SDS system, which determines whether monodisperse or polydisperse PS particles are obtained, is considerably lower than that of the binary water–SDS system. The assemblies of close-packed PS nanoparticles obtained via drying were then studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and SEM. Both techniques prove that PS nanoparticles synthesized above the CMC result in a significantly unordered but denser packing of the particles. The polystyrene particles were subsequently used to produce porous polystyrene and ZnO inverse opals. While the former consists of micrometer-sized spherical pores surrounded by extended open-cellular regions of mesopores (Rpore ≈ 25 nm), the latter are made of ZnO-nanoparticles forming a structure of well-aligned interconnected pores.
Comparative application and optimization of different single-borehole dilution test techniques
Authors: Fahrmeier Nikolai , Goeppert Nadine , Goldscheider Nico 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSingle-borehole dilution tests (SBDTs) are a method for characterizing groundwater monitoring wells and boreholes, and are based on the injection of a tracer into the saturated zone and the observation of concentration over depth and time. SBDTs are applicable in all aquifer types, but especially interesting in heterogeneous karst or fractured aquifers. Uniform injections aim at a homogeneous tracer concentration throughout the entire saturated length and provide information about inflow and outflow horizons. Also, in the absence of vertical flow, horizontal filtration velocities can be calculated. The most common method for uniform injections uses a hosepipe to inject the tracer. This report introduces a simplified method that uses a permeable injection bag (PIB) to achieve a close-to-uniform tracer distribution within the saturated zone. To evaluate the new method and to identify advantages and disadvantages, several tests have been carried out, in the laboratory and in multiple groundwater monitoring wells in the field. Reproducibility of the PIB method was assessed through repeated tests, on the basis of the temporal development of salt amount and calculated apparent filtration velocities. Apparent filtration velocities were calculated using linear regression as well as by inverting the one-dimensional (1D) advection-dispersion equation using CXTFIT. The results show that uniform-injection SBDTs with the PIB method produce valuable and reproducible outcomes and contribute to the understanding of groundwater monitoring wells and the respective aquifer. Also, compared to the hosepipe method, the new injection method requires less equipment and less effort, and is especially useful for deep boreholes.