bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Survey of COVID-19 Burden and Related Policies in U.S. Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Ahmad Kaashif A. , Darcy-Mahoney Ashley , Kelleher Amy S. , Ellsbury Dan L. , Tolia Veeral N. , Clark Reese H. 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of confirmed novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease or infants under investigation among a cohort of U.S. neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Secondarily, to evaluate hospital policies regarding maternal COVID-19 screening and related to those infants born to mothers under investigation or confirmed to have COVID-19.Study Design Serial cross-sectional surveys of MEDNAX-affiliated NICUs from March 26 to April 3, April 8 to April 19, May 4 to May 22, and July 13 to August 2, 2020. The surveys included questions regarding COVID-19 patient burden and policies regarding infant separation, feeding practices, and universal maternal screening.Results Among 386 MEDNAX-affiliated NICUs, responses were received from 153 (42%), 160 (44%), 165 (45%), 148 (38%) across four rounds representing an active patient census of 3,465, 3,486, 3,452, and 3,442 NICU admitted patients on the day of survey completion. Confirmed COVID-19 disease in NICU admitted infants was rare, with the prevalence rising from 0.03 (1 patient) to 0.44% (15 patients) across the four survey rounds, while the prevalence of patients under investigation increased from 0.8 to 2.6%. Hospitals isolating infants from COVID-19-positive mothers fell from 46 to 20% between the second and fourth surveys, while centers permitting direct maternal breastfeeding increased 17 to 47% over the same period. Centers reporting universal severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) screening for all expectant mothers increased from 52 to 69%.Conclusion Among a large cohort of NICU infants, the prevalence of infants under investigation or with confirmed neonatal COVID-19 disease was low. Policies regarding universal maternal screening for SARS-CoV-2, infant isolation from positive mothers, and direct maternal breastfeeding for infants born to positive mothers are rapidly evolving. As universal maternal screening for SARS-CoV-2 becomes more common, the impact of these policies requires further investigation.Key Points
Is it enough to use the traditional approach based on average values for basketball physical performance analysis?
Authors: Vázquez‐Guerrero Jairo , Garcia Franc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the most demanding scenarios of basketball match‐play can optimise training prescription. We established physical demand differences in total distance covered, distance covered at high‐speed running, distance covered at high‐intensity accelerations and decelerations, number of high‐speed running actions and number of high‐intensity accelerations comparing the traditional average method with the most demanding scenarios based on 1‐minute rolling averages. Physical demand parameters were analysed from 21 elite basketball players according to playing position during a friendly game via local positioning system microtechnology. The results showed that players covered a total distance of 141.3 m·min−1 (p < 0.001; ES = 7.80) and 25.4 m·min−1 (p < 0.001; ES = 4.52) at high‐speed running using rolling averages, compared to 66.3 and 3.2 m min−1, respectively, using the traditional average approach. These data represent a very large increase of 113.1% for total distance per minute and 686.4% for high‐speed running distance per minute, 252% for the number of high‐intensity accelerations and 290.5% for the number of high‐intensity decelerations, respectively, demonstrating the relevance of this novel approach. In conclusion, this investigation indicated that the traditional average method underestimates peak physical demands over a 1‐minute period during a basketball game. Thus, the average approach should be complemented by analysing the most demanding scenarios in order to have a better understanding of physical demands during basketball competition.
Isospin dependence of the nuclear binding energy *
Authors: He Y. Q. , Ge J. K. , Fu G. J. , Jiang H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the symmetry energy and the Wigner energy in the binding energy formula for atomic nuclei. We simultaneously extract the

symmetry energy and Wigner energy coefficients using the double difference of "experimental" symmetry-Wigner energies, based on the binding energy data of nuclei with

. Our study of the triple difference formula and the "experimental" symmetry-Wigner energy suggests that the macroscopic isospin dependence of binding energies is explained well by the

symmetry energy and the Wigner energy, and further consideration of the

term in the binding energy formula does not substantially improve the calculation result.
Recurrent delirium over 12 months predicts dementia: results of the Delirium and Cognitive Impact in Dementia (DECIDE) study
Authors: Richardson Sarah J , Davis Daniel H J , Stephan Blossom C M , Robinson Louise , Brayne Carol , Barnes Linda E , Taylor John-Paul , Parker Stuart G , Allan Louise M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Delirium is common, distressing and associated with poor outcomes. Previous studies investigating the impact of delirium on cognitive outcomes have been limited by incomplete ascertainment of baseline cognition or lack of prospective delirium assessments. This study quantified the association between delirium and cognitive function over time by prospectively ascertaining delirium in a cohort aged ≥ 65 years in whom baseline cognition had previously been established.

Methods
For 12 months, we assessed participants from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II-Newcastle for delirium daily during hospital admissions. At 1-year, we assessed cognitive decline and dementia in those with and without delirium. We evaluated the effect of delirium (including its duration and number of episodes) on cognitive function over time, independently of baseline cognition and illness severity.

Results
Eighty two of 205 participants recruited developed delirium in hospital (40%). One-year outcome data were available for 173 participants: 18 had a new dementia diagnosis, 38 had died. Delirium was associated with cognitive decline (−1.8 Mini-Mental State Examination points [95% CI –3.5 to –0.2]) and an increased risk of new dementia diagnosis at follow up (OR 8.8 [95% CI 1.9–41.4]). More than one episode and more days with delirium (&gt;5 days) were associated with worse cognitive outcomes.

Conclusions
Delirium increases risk of future cognitive decline and dementia, independent of illness severity and baseline cognition, with more episodes associated with worse cognitive outcomes. Given that delirium has been shown to be preventable in some cases, we propose that delirium is a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia.
Role of environmental filtering and functional traits for species coexistence in a harsh tropical montane ecosystem
Authors: Tameirão Lucas B S , Caminha-Paiva Dario , Negreiros Daniel , Veloso Maria Das Dores M , Berbara Ricardo L L , Dias Luiz Eduardo , Pierce Simon , Fernandes G Wilson 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEnvironmental filtering and niche differentiation are often invoked to explain species coexistence at local scales. The ironstone campo rupestre of Brazil provides a biodiverse natural experiment in which edaphic gradients represent filters to test the hypothesis that plant community functional composition, despite converging on extreme stress tolerance, exhibits a co-structure with environmental parameters. At the Serra do Rola-Moça State Park, soil physico-chemical parameters were characterized alongside community-weighted mean plant functional traits and Grime’s competitor, stress-tolerator and ruderal strategies for species at each sampling site. In general, species exhibited a high degree of stress tolerance (between 72.6% and 100%), while ruderalism was 0% for all species. Soil nutrients related to plant metabolism (e.g. P, Ca, Mg) were associated with the stress-tolerant strategy and with traits involved in the leaf economics and size spectra. Despite a major edaphic filter selecting stress tolerance, fine-scale microhabitat variability represented by soil parameters related to fertility (i.e. P, Ca, Mg) and water retention capacity (i.e. clay content) was associated with subtle variation in ecological strategies and functional traits of species in the ironstone campo rupestre.
Through convergence and governance: embedding empowerment in community development interventions
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Kumar Deepak , Sengupta Keya , Giri Tapas Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To achieve social justice, equality, and quality of life under the concerted efforts deliberated for community development, countries engage in a range of interventions focusing on participation, capacity building, and sustainability. In this study, we examine two specific characteristics of livelihood interventions, development and empowerment; their relationship; and impact on community well-being. The findings suggest that while outcomes related to development and empowerment processes have a positive but meagre impact on community well-being, there is lack of continuum between them and the relationship is conditioned by convergence and governance. Further, insights from interviews also suggest that though there are institutional voids, challenging changing context, and variations in the way mobilization and participation are employed, those that will integrate good governance and strong convergence can deliver better outcomes.
Predictors of Virological Failure and Time to Viral Suppression of First-Line Integrase Inhibitor–Based Antiretroviral Treatment
Authors: Pyngottu Ashima , Scherrer Alexandra U , Kouyos Roger , Huber Michael , Hirsch Hans , Perreau Matthieu , Yerly Sabine , Calmy Alexandra , Cavassini Matthias , Stöckle Marcel , Furrer Hansjakob , Vernazza Pietro , Bernasconi Enos , Günthard Huldrych F ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Aebi-Popp K , Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Böni J , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux C A , Günthard H F , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Huber M , Kahlert C R , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Ledergerber B , Martinetti G , Martinez de Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nicca D , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Rudin C , Scherrer A U , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Vernazza P , Wandeler G , Weber R , Yerly S 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntegrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs) are recommended for first-line treatment of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We identified risk factors, including baseline minor InSTI resistance mutations, for treatment failure of InSTI-based regimens.MethodsWe studied time-to-treatment failure and time to viral suppression among 1419 drug-naive patients in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. We performed Cox regression models adjusted for demographic factors, baseline HIV RNA/CD4 cell counts, AIDS-defining events, and the type of InSTI. In 646 patients with a baseline genotypic resistance test of the integrase, we studied the impact of minor integrase resistance mutations.ResultsWe observed 121 virological failures during 18 447 person-years of follow-up. A baseline viral load ≥100 000 copies/mL (multivariable hazard ratio [mHR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–3.6) and an AIDS-defining event (mHR, 1.8; 95% CI. 1.1–3.0) were associated with treatment failure. CD4 counts between 200 and 500 cells/µL (mHR, 0.5; 95% CI, .3–.8) and &gt;500 cells/µL (mHR, 0.4; 95% CI, .2–.7) were protective. Time to suppression was shorter in lower viral load strata (mHR, 0.7; 95% CI, .6–.8) and in dolutegravir-based therapy (mHR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0–1.4). Minor resistance mutations were found at baseline in 104 of 646 (16%) patients with no effect on treatment outcome.ConclusionsFactors associated with treatment failure on InSTI-based first-line regimen remained similar to those of older treatments, in particular high viral load and low CD4 counts.
Do you have time to take a walk together? Private and joint time within the household
Authors: Browning Martin , Donni Olivier , Gørtz Mette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe develop a theoretical model for the intra-household allocation of time and consumption that distinguishes between partners’ joint and private leisure. Estimating the model using time-use data leads to five findings. First, the intra-household expenditure distribution correlates with relative wages, consistent with the collective model. Second, men put relatively more weight on private expenditure and composite leisure. Third, joint and private leisure are imperfect substitutes. Fourth, joint and private leisure are independent of the wage distribution, suggesting that togetherness does not substitute for economic factors. Fifth, higher female wages imply higher childcare hours for women, but lower for men.
The golden age of mercenaries
Authors: Leeson Peter T , Piano Ennio E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBetween the mid-thirteenth and mid-fifteenth centuries, Italian city-states abandoned citizen militaries for militaries composed of mercenaries: foreign soldiers for hire. So dramatic was the switch that this epoch has been called “the golden age of mercenaries,” and so treacherous did the mercenaries prove that Niccolò Machiavelli would later denounce them as “useless and dangerous.” Italian rulers knew of mercenaries’ infamous reputation when they hired them. To explain the puzzling fact that rulers hired mercenaries anyway, we develop a theory of military composition in which political circumstance constrains ruler choice. Comparative analysis of Venice and Florence provides evidence for our explanation.
Infrastructure and Chinese power
Authors: Ho Selina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
China's increasing material capabilities stand at the heart of the US–China power transition debate. The focus on material power reflects a realist definition of power based on the possession of resources. However, material capabilities do not necessarily translate into influence and do not always determine outcomes. Non-material power matters at least as much as material capabilities. This article argues that China under President Xi Jinping views power differently from previous generations of Chinese leaders. While material power remains important, Xi has paid greater attention to strengthening Chinese non-material power, in particular structural power and discursive power. This article examines Chinese structural and discursive power, the third and fourth faces of power, through the lens of Xi's mega-infrastructure vision, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It argues that power, both material and non-material, is embedded in infrastructure. Specifically, the article uses case-studies of Chinese construction of high-speed railways in Laos and Indonesia to illustrate the effects of Chinese structural and discursive power. Based on field work and in-depth interviews, the cases show that China is relatively successful in wielding structural and discursive power in Laos and Indonesia, despite the differences in the two countries’ political systems, and economic and population sizes. Chinese domination, however, does not mean that subordinate states do not have agency. For instance, there is resistance against the narrative of a pre-eminent Chinese civilization in Chinese discourse, as the Indonesia case demonstrates. Exploring the different facets of Chinese power is critical for a proper understanding of how China strives to shape the structure and discourse of the global order.
Randomized phase II study of chemoradiotherapy with versus without induction chemotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial, JCOG1106
Authors: Ioka Tatsuya , Furuse Junji , Fukutomi Akira , Mizusawa Junki , Nakamura Satoaki , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Ito Yoshinori , Katayama Hiroshi , Ueno Makoto , Ikeda Masafumi , Sugimori Kazuya , Okano Naohiro , Shimizu Kyoko , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Okusaka Takuji , Ozaka Masato , Todaka Akiko , Nakamori Shoji , Tobimatsu Kazutoshi , Sata Naohiro , Kawashima Yohei , Hosokawa Ayumu , Yamaguchi Taketo , Miyakawa Hiroyuki , Hara Hiroki , Mizuno Nobumasa , Ishii Hiroshi ,   Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology Group (HBPOG) of Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Chemoradiotherapy is a treatment option for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. However, the efficacy of induction chemotherapy prior to chemoradiotherapy is uncertain. The aim of this randomized, multicentre phase II study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemoradiotherapy with and without induction chemotherapy to determine the significance of induction chemotherapy.

Methods
Patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were randomly assigned to the chemoradiotherapy arm (Arm A) or induction chemotherapy followed by the chemoradiotherapy arm (Arm B). Patients in Arm A underwent radiotherapy with concurrent S-1. Patients in Arm B received induction gemcitabine for 12 weeks, and thereafter, only patients with controlled disease underwent the same chemoradiotherapy as Arm A. After chemoradiotherapy, gemcitabine was continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity in both arms. The primary endpoint was overall survival.

Results
Amongst 102 patients enrolled, 100 were eligible for efficacy assessment. The probability of survival was greater in Arm B in the first 12 months, but the trend was reversed in the following periods (1-year survival 66.7 vs. 69.3%, 2-year survival 36.9 vs. 18.9%). The hazard ratio was 1.255 (95% confidence interval 0.816–1.930) in favour of Arm A. Gastrointestinal toxicity was slightly more frequent and three treatment-related deaths occurred in Arm A.

Conclusions
This study suggested that the chemoradiotherapy using S-1 alone had more promising efficacy with longer-term survival, compared with induction gemcitabine followed by chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Clinical trial registration
The study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000006811.
Early-Life Body Adiposity and the Breast Tumor Transcriptome
Authors: Wang Jun , Peng Cheng , Guranich Catherine , Heng Yujing J , Baker Gabrielle M , Rubadue Christopher A , Glass Kimberly , Eliassen A Heather , Tamimi Rulla M , Polyak Kornelia , Hankinson Susan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCumulative epidemiologic evidence has shown that early-life adiposity is strongly inversely associated with breast cancer risk throughout life, independent of adult obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.MethodsWe assessed the association of early-life adiposity, defined as self-reported body size during ages 10-20 years from a validated 9-level pictogram, with the transcriptome of breast tumor (N = 835) and tumor-adjacent histologically normal tissue (N = 663) in the Nurses’ Health Study. We conducted multivariable linear regression analysis to identify differentially expressed genes in tumor and tumor-adjacent tissue, respectively. Molecular pathway analysis using Hallmark gene sets (N = 50) was further performed to gain biological insights. Analysis was stratified by tumor estrogen receptor (ER) protein expression status (n = 673 for ER+ and 162 for ER− tumors).ResultsNo gene was statistically significantly differentially expressed by early-life body size after multiple comparison adjustment. However, pathway analysis revealed several statistically significantly (false discovery rate &lt; 0.05) upregulated or downregulated gene sets. In stratified analyses by tumor ER status, larger body size during ages 10-20 years was associated with decreased cellular proliferation pathways, including MYC target genes, in both ER+ and ER− tumors. In ER+ tumors, larger body size was also associated with upregulation in genes involved in TNFα/NFkB signaling. In ER− tumors, larger body size was additionally associated with downregulation in genes involved in interferon α and interferon γ immune response and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling; the INFγ response pathway was also downregulated in ER− tumor-adjacent tissue, though at borderline statistical significance (false discovery rate = 0.1).ConclusionsThese findings provide new insights into the biological and pathological underpinnings of the early-life adiposity and breast cancer association.
Racial and Ethnic Variation in PSA Testing and Prostate Cancer Incidence Following the 2012 USPSTF Recommendation
Authors: Kensler Kevin H , Pernar Claire H , Mahal Brandon A , Nguyen Paul L , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Kibel Adam S , Rebbeck Timothy R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation against routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing led to a decrease in prostate cancer screening, but the heterogeneity of its impact by race and ethnicity remains unclear.

Methods
The proportion of 40- to 74-year-old men who self-reported receiving a routine PSA test in the past year was estimated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2012-2018). Odds ratios (ORs) of undergoing screening by race and ethnicity were estimated, adjusting for healthcare–related factors. Prostate cancer incidence rates and rate ratios (IRRs) by race and ethnicity were estimated using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry data (2004-2017).

Results
PSA testing frequencies were 32.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 31.7% to 32.8%) among non-Hispanic White (NHW), 30.3% (95% CI = 28.3% to 32.3%) among non-Hispanic Black (NHB), 21.8% (95% CI = 19.9% to 23.7%) among Hispanic, and 17.7% (95% CI = 14.1% to 21.3%) among Asian and Pacific Islander men in 2012. The absolute screening frequency declined by 9.5% from 2012 to 2018, with a larger decline among NHB (11.6%) than NHW men (9.3%). The relative annual decrease was greater among NHB (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.84 to 0.88) than NHW men (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.89 to 0.90; Pheterogeneity = .005), driven by a larger decline among NHB men ages 40-54 years. The NHB to NHW IRR for total prostate cancer increased from 1.73 (95% CI = 1.69 to 1.76) in 2011 to 1.87 (95% CI = 1.83 to 1.92) in 2012 and has remained elevated, driven by differences in localized tumor incidence. Metastatic disease incidence is rising across all racial and ethnic groups.

Conclusions
The frequency of prostate cancer screening varies by race and ethnicity, and there was a modestly steeper decline in PSA testing among younger NHB men relative to NHW men since 2012. The NHB to NHW IRR for localized prostate cancer modestly increased following 2012.