bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paste Borided Layers Produced on XC38 Steel Using a New Activator
Authors: Daas Amed , Allaoui Laid Abdelkrim , Zidelmel Sami , Allaoui Omar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The objective of this work is to study the possibility of producing boride layers on XC38 steel by the slurry coatings technique in a muffle furnace under an ambient atmosphere. The principle of this technique consists in the application of a slurry of about 1–2 mm thickness containing boron carbide as a boron source and sodium fluoroborate (NaBF4) as a new activator on the surface of the sample to be treated and placed in a muffle furnace at 800°C for 4 hours. The obtained results show that it is possible to produce boride layers on XC38 steel by the slurry coatings technique with NaBF4 as an activator. The characterization of the obtained layers by Optical Microscopy, Scaning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and microhardness indicates that depending on the proportion of the boron source and the activator, these layers can be single phase (only di-iron boride [Fe2B]) at 10 % of NaBF4 or two phases iron monoboride (FeB) and Fe2B when the proportion of NaBF4 exceeds 10 %. The total thickness of the obtained boride layers is approximately 60 μm for all the slurries’ composition. But it should be pointed out that for the two-phase borided layers, the proportion of FeB boride increases with the increase of the percentage of NaBF4. The microhardness of borided layers is relatively similar for all samples and about 2,100 HV for FeB boride and 1,900 HV for Fe2B.
Hyponatremia presenting with hourly fluctuating urine osmolality
Authors: Son Raku , Nagahama Masahiko , Tanemoto Fumiaki , Ito Yugo , Taki Fumika , Tsugitomi Ryosuke , Nakayama Masaaki 
Published: May 2020

Summary
The etiology of hyponatremia is assessed based on urine osmolality and sodium. We herein describe a 35-year-old Asian man with pulmonary tuberculosis and perforated duodenal ulcer who presented with hyponatremia with hourly fluctuating urine osmolality ranging from 100 to 600 mosmol/kg, which resembled urine osmolality observed in typical polydipsia and SIADH simultaneously. Further review revealed correlation of body temperature and urine osmolality. Since fever is a known non-osmotic stimulus of ADH secretion, we theorized that hyponatremia in this patient was due to transient ADH secretion due to fever. In our case, empiric exogenous glucocorticoid suppressed transient non-osmotic ADH secretion and urine osmolality showed highly variable concentrations. Transient ADH secretion-related hyponatremia may be underrecognized due to occasional empiric glucocorticoid administration in patients with critical illnesses. Repeatedly monitoring of urine chemistries and interpretation of urine chemistries with careful review of non-osmotic stimuli of ADH including fever is crucial in recognition of this etiology.

Learning points:

Hourly fluctuations in urine osmolality can be observed in patients with fever, which is a non-osmotic stimulant of ADH secretion.

Repeated monitoring of urine chemistries aids in the diagnosis of the etiology underlying hyponatremia, including fever, in patients with transient ADH secretion.

Glucocorticoid administration suppresses ADH secretion and improves hyponatremia even in the absence of adrenal insufficiency; the etiology of hyponatremia should be determined carefully in these patients.
Regorafenib and Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab Combination and Circulating Tumor DNA Response Assessment in Refractory Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Chongkai , Chevalier Dawnyel , Saluja Janelle , Sandhu Jaideep , Lau Cecilia , Fakih Marwan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic colorectal cancers (MCRCs) with microsatellite stability (MSS) are resistant to immunotherapy with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors. However, the addition of regorafenib to nivolumab was recently associated with a high response rate and a protracted progression-free survival in a small cohort of MSS Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated the outcome of patients with MSS metastatic colorectal cancer who were treated on a compassionate basis with PD-1 inhibitors in combination with regorafenib in a single U.S. center.ResultsA total of 18 patients were treated with a combination of regorafenib and PD-1 inhibitors. No treatment-related grade 3 or above toxicities were noted. Thirteen patients (69%) had progressive disease, and five patients (31%) experienced stable disease as best response. Four out of five stable diseases occurred in patients without liver metastases, whereas only 1 of 14 patients with history of liver metastases had a short disease stabilization. A rise in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) at the 4-week time pointuniversally predicted tumor progression at 2 months, whereas a decline was associated with radiographic disease stabilization.ConclusionsRegorafenib and nivolumab combination was associated with modest clinical activity in patients with MSS chemotherapy-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer. Selection for patients without history of liver metastases may identify a cohort of patients with MSS colorectal cancer with a higher likelihood of benefit from this combination. ctDNA may represent a powerful tool for predicting early therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy in the MSS colorectal cancer population.Implications for PracticeThis study showed that the combination of regorafenib and nivolumab was associated with a modest clinical activity in patients with advanced microsatellite stability (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer. This combination should be avoided in clinical practice, especially in patients with MSS colorectal cancer with liver metastases. Further investigation of regorafenib plus PD-1 inhibitors should be considered in MSS colorectal cancer without liver metastases.
The decision-making process of synthetic pesticide use in agricultural communities in Colombia: a grounded theory approach
Authors: Polanco Lopez de Mesa Ysabel 
Published: May 2020

Objective: to explore the decision-making process of agricultural workers associated with pesticide use and exposure; and to discover if these processes differ between pesticide users and non users. and the characteristics of these differences
Methods: his study used a grounded theory approach to understand the decision-making process for pesticide use/non-use among agricultural workers in San Cristobal, Colombia. This study involved participantobservation, individual interviews, and focus groups.
Results: the theory developed to explain the decision making process of pesticide use showed several categories including: the prospect of having a good harvest, efficient pest control, habituation to use pesticides, feeling obligated to do use them, poor knowledge about pesticides, believing that pesticide increased the quality of the products, positive attitudes towards pesticide use, family support towards pesticide use, community pressure and acceptance, economic fear, and market pressure. In the non pesticide users group categories included: having better health, pesticides considered harmful for human health, pesticides being deleterious for the environment, being used to work without pesticides, family and economic support, and negative attitude towards pesticide use . The decision making process for personal protective equipment (PPE) use encompassed categories such as: powerless feelings, economic difficulties, and belief that equipment is not necessary.
Discussion: The decision-making process for pesticide use in agricultural communities is complex and varies between pesticide users and non-users.
Conclusions: It is important to consider the intricate process of pesticide use in order to orient interventions in the agricultural sector.
Epidemiología de la interrelación cáncer colorrectal y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Villanueva-Pájaro Deivis Javier , Vergara-Dagobeth Edgar Ernesto , Suárez-Causado Amileth , Gómez-Arias Ruben Darío 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Describir el estado del arte sobre estudios epidemiológicos que evalúen asociaciones de riesgo entre el cáncer colorrectal y la diabetes tipo 2, y las políticas de salud pública internacionales y colombianas encaminadas a reducir tales patologías.
Metodología: Revisión sistemática cualitativa sobre estudios epidemiológicos que evalúen asociaciones de riesgo entre el cáncer colorrectal y la diabetes tipo 2, publicados en idioma español e inglés en PubMed ®, United States National Library of Medicine (u.s nlm ®), Embase ®, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (Lilacs ®) y Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO ®), antes del 30 de junio de 2019. Adicionalmente, se describen las políticas internacionales y nacionales para el control de la diabetes y el cáncer colorrectal.
Resultados: De 251 estudios evaluados para elegibilidad, se incluyeron 32 investigaciones originales tipo casos y controles, cohorte prospectivo y retrospectivo, retrospectivos con enfoque de casos y controles, retrospectivos con enfoque casos-cohorte, al mostrar asociaciones de riesgo de padecer cáncer de colon o recto en individuos diabéticos tipo 2. Existen cinco normatividades internacionales para el control de diabetes y cáncer, y dos normatividades colombianas de control de ambas patologías.
Conclusiones: La evidencia epidemiológica a nivel mundial señala que individuos con diabetes tipo 2 poseen mayor riesgo de padecer cáncer de colón o recto, en comparación con los no diabéticos, en una forma dependiente de la etnicidad y el sexo. Las políticas de salud pública internacionales y colombianas no han logrado reducir significativamente la carga de ambas patologías, ni los factores de riesgo comunes entre ambas condiciones, y tampoco reconocen los nexos epidemiológicos y biológicos entre la diabetes tipo 2 y el cáncer colorrectal.
Return Times of Large Earthquakes Cannot Be Estimated Correctly from Seismicity Rates: 1906 San Francisco and 1717 Alpine Fault Ruptures
Authors: Wyss Max 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe unproven assumption that the Gutenberg–Richter (GR) relationship can be extrapolated to estimate the return time, Tr (1/probability of occurrence), of major and large earthquakes has been shown to be incorrect along 196 faults, so far. Here, two more examples of great, well-known faults that do not produce enough earthquakes to fulfill the hypothesis are analyzed. The 300 km section of the San Andreas fault, California, United States, that ruptured in 1906 in the M 8 San Francisco earthquake, produced 200 earthquakes with M≥2 in the last 52 yr, when about 250,000 such events are expected according to the hypothesis. Along a 250 km section that broke in an M 7.9 earthquake in 1717 along the Alpine fault, New Zealand, the number of reported M≥3.6 earthquakes during the last 34 yr was 100, when about 6000 would be expected, based on the hypothesis. Extrapolating the GR relationships for these two fault segments, one estimates Tr of mainshocks of M 8 to be about 10,000 and 100,000 for the 1717 and 1906 ruptures, respectively. Regardless of choice of analysis parameters, this is by factors of 10–400 larger than estimates based on paleogeology, tectonics, and geodesy. In addition, second catalogs for each case yield estimates of probabilities for M 8 earthquakes along the 1717 and 1906 rupture segments that differ by factors of about 2 and 80 (between 5000 and 98,000 yr) from the first respective catalogs. It follows that the probability of large earthquakes cannot be estimated correctly based on local seismicity rates along major faults.
SURGICAL TACTICS FOR ELIMINATING COMPLEX VARIANTS OF CONGENITAL CLEFT PALATE
Authors: Rogozhina Yulia , Blohina Svetlana , Bimbas Evgeniya 
Published: May 2020

Subject. Surgical methods for eliminating congenital clefts of the upper lip and palate are widely presented in the specialized literature and correspond to the variety of types of lesions of the maxillofacial region. At the same time, international and domestic experience, research results on these issues emphasize the need for continuous improvement of surgical and rehabilitation techniques to eliminate them. In most cases, the use of these developments follows the path of detailing and updating existing classical technologies.
Purpose ― to present a surgical method for removal of a congenital asymmetric cleft of the palate with a deficit of its own tissues.
Methodology. There was carried out a retrospective analysis of the results of surgical correction of congenital cleft palate in 497 patients (2015―2019). Was selected a group of 53 people having complex variants of the cleft of the sky.
Results. Was presented a method for surgical removal of an asymmetric cleft of the palate according to the severity of the defect and the age of the child. Was proposed the technique of using "titanium silk" with asymmetric clefts of the sky with a deficit of their own tissues.
Conclusions: The choice of optimal methods for surgical elimination of complex options for cleft palate should be patient-oriented and can form a new tactic of surgical aid, taking into account preliminary interdisciplinary counseling. The use of "titanium silk" as an additional material for uranoplasty in cases of wide splitting of the hard and soft palate (more than 1.5-2 cm) ensures reliable elimination of the defect at any age of the patient and creates a favorable condition for the completion of the systemic rehabilitation complex. A multifactorial mechanism for choosing the method of surgical elimination of complex variants of palatal clefts should be implemented in a specialized clinic, taking into account many years of experience.
ADHESIVE SYSTEMS IN THE PRACTICE OF A DENTIST DOCTOR
Authors: Titova Ol'ga , Melenberg Tatyana , Linnik Lyudmila , Boeva Takhmina , Burov Andrey , Daironas Sergey , Daironas Ella 
Published: May 2020

Subject. Dental restoration includes work on tissue restoration by filling, using inlays, veneers, and artificial crowns.
Adhesive systems are used in therapeutic dentistry for working with composites, compomers and some glass-ionomer cements, for adhesive fixation of all types of indirect structures, repairing chips of composite and ceramic linings; in pediatric dentistry for sealing fissures, for fixing orthodontic structures. Currently, there are eight generations of adhesives on the market of dental materials. The first two generations of adhesives required only enamel etching and transformed the dentin layer, while the third already provided for conditioning of the dentin, and the fourth and fifth ― and all-out etching. The sixth, seventh and eighth generations of adhesives are self-etching analogues. This article presents the results of a survey of practical health care dentists in choosing an adhesive system.
The goal is to evaluate the preferences of the choice of adhesive systems by dentists.
Methodology. 30 dental therapists and orthopedic dentists took part in the survey.
Results. The results of the questionnaire analysis showed that the majority of dentists prefer to use fifth-generation adhesives in their practice (46 %), the sixth generation of adhesive systems is in second place in popularity (31 %), followed by the "gold standard" ― the fourth generation (13 %), and the seventh (10 %) in last place.
Conclusions. The fifth-generation adhesive systems surpassed the other generations in efficiency and reliability. This is why the majority of dentists surveyed chose this generation.
LEVEL OF DENTAL EDUCATION AT STUDENTS OF G. N. NOVGOROD
Authors: Uspenskaya Ol'ga , Kalinkin Kirill 
Published: May 2020

Subject. The data obtained from the student questionnaire determined the level of knowledge of oral hygiene.
The purpose of this work was to carry out a comparative assessment of knowledge about methods of prevention of oral diseases in students of different universities of the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
Methodology. On the basis of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of FSBOU "PIMU" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation used a questionnaire-survey method of research and determined the hygiene index Green―Wermillion and PMA among students of the National Research Novgorod State University named after N.I. Lobachevsky and Volga Research Medical University. The total number surveyed was 500. The questionnaire contained questions about the basics of proper nutrition, the rules of use of the toothbrush, the basic rules of oral hygiene.
Results. As a result of the questionnaire it was revealed that the majority of respondents listen to the advice of the dentist and hygienist, namely among students of PIMU it amounted to 92.8 %, among students of NNSU ― 72 %. According to the questionnaire, the majority of respondents brush their teeth twice a day, namely 69.6 % of PIM students and 56.8 % of NSU students. Most of the surveyed students of PIMU (38.4 %) and NSU (40 %) change the toothbrush 3-4 times a year. It also turned out that the majority of respondents use a toothbrush of medium rigidity, namely 84 % of students of NSU and 88 % of PIMU. As a result of the questionnaire, it was revealed that the majority of respondents to the NSU (52 %) do not use additional hygiene products, while in the PIM 43.2 % of respondents use additional products.
Conclusions. The student questionnaire findings determined the level of knowledge of oral hygiene. This level is higher for PIMU students than for students of Lobachevsky NSU.
APPLICATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES IN INFLAMMATORY PERIODONTAL DISEASE TREATMENT
Authors: Gannenko Anastasiya , Miroshnichenko Viktoriya , Masimov Amin 
Published: May 2020

Subject. The prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases among elderly people, regardless of their gender, ranges from 69 to 98 % worldwide. Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial disease that proceeds with intoxication of the body, thereby causing serious health problems. It has been proven that periodontitis can cause myocardial infarction and habitual miscarriage. Local and systemic treatment of diseases of this pathology is primarily aimed at suppressing pathogenic bacteria. It is obvious that, in the conditions of total antibiotic resistance of microorganisms and a considerable list of contraindications and complications of the antibiotic therapy, the search for new ways to combat them becomes vital. The main thing is that antibiotics disrupt the biological balance of the biopsy of the body which the patient has to restore from several months to several years. Under these conditions, the use of bacteriophages is an extremely promising solution. Bacteriophages are natural antimicrobial highly sensitive medications. They consist of viruses that target a bacterial cell. In these circumstances, bacteriophages do not harm the microbiota of the oral cavity. A literature review on the use of bacteriophages in dentistry for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues has been conducted by us. The mechanism of action of bacteriophages, the strengths and weaknesses of the use of phage therapy have also been considered.
Goal ― to study the use of bacteriophages for the treatment of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases.
Methodology. The literature review of more than 40 scientific sources has been conducted.
Conclusion. The use of bacteriophages is a promising issue. Their effectiveness has been confirmed in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory periodontal diseases and diseases of the oral mucosa. They demonstrate high efficiency to improve the hygiene of the oral cavity and reduce inflammation. Being highly targeted viral medications, they act upon a specific bacterium without affecting the natural microbiota of a person.
CLINICAL AND X-RAY FEATURES OF PERIODONTIC TISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH GINGIVAL RECESSION
Authors: Farkhshatova Rushana , Gerasimova Larisa , Usmanova Irina 
Published: May 2020

Subject. Gingival recession refers to a form of periodontal disease, which is characterized by a decrease in the free gum without signs of chronic inflammation in the apical direction of the gum and periodontal tissues.
The goal is to determine the clinical and radiological features of periodontal tissues in patients with gum recession.
Methodology. A comprehensive diagnostic examination was conducted according to a specially developed algorithm of 47 patients aged 20 to 45 years old with a diagnosis of gum recession, which included the collection of anamnestic data, special questionnaires, clinical, radiological and ultrasound examinations of periodontal tissues.
Results. According to clinical and radiological data, the diagnosis of gum recession was confirmed in all patients: in 31 (62 %) ― Miller's class I gum recession, in 11 (25 %) ― II, in 5 (11 %) ― III and in 1 (2 %) ― IV. The dependence of the gum recession on the quality of oral hygiene was determined: with satisfactory oral hygiene (OHI-S <2.6), the depth of the gum recession was 1-1.5 mm, with poor (OHI-S> 2.6) ― more than 1,5 mm. In 14 (42.8 %) patients, a concomitant diagnosis of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis was established, in 57.2 % of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. Of the total number of patients, a thin biotype was determined in 30 (63.8 %) patients, and a thick biotype was identified in 17 (36.2 %). A combination of a thin biotype with a small vestibule of the oral cavity, the presence of anomalies of the frenum and strands of the mucous membrane in 23.4 % was revealed.
Conclusions. Miller class I gingival recessions have the highest frequency of occurrence (62 %). The ultrasonic research method allowed non-invasive determination of the gingival biotype and gum thickness. A thin biotype of the gum was diagnosed in 63.8 % of patients, which must be taken into account when planning surgical treatment.
Disability and quality of life levels in women with chronic lumbar pain
Authors: Donzeli Marina Andrade , Magalhães Lucimara Ferreira , Oliveira Guilherme Vitoriano Almeida de , Dias Anderson Alves , Gasparini Andréa Licre Pessina , Bertoncello Dernival 
Published: May 2020

Estudo com abordagem quantitativa e transversal, com o objetivo de comparar a incapacidade e a qualidade de vida de mulheres com diagnóstico de dor lombar inespecífica e voluntárias sem dor lombar. Participaram 24 mulheres, divididas em dois grupos, sendo o primeiro com 13 voluntárias com diagnóstico de dor lombar inespecífica (G1) e o segundo com 11 voluntárias sem dor lombar (G2), recrutadas no serviço de ortopedia e traumatologia do ambulatório Maria da Glória da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Foram aplicados os questionários: Whoqol-Bref, Índice de Incapacidade de Oswestry e a Escala Visual Analógica de Dor. A média de idade para o grupo com dor foi de 37,69±11,83 e para o grupo sem dor 36,91±12,12, sem diferença significativa entre os grupos. As mulheres com dor lombar inespecífica apresentaram média de 5,61±1,85 para a percepção da dor (intensidade moderada), média de pontuação obtida no Índice de Incapacidade de Oswestry de 25 (incapacidade moderada) e média geral da qualidade de vida de 69,8±7,11 pontos, sendo os domínios mais comprometidos o físico, seguido pelo meio ambiente. Houve diferença significativa, com maior comprometimento na qualidade de vida geral e domínio físico para as mulheres com dor, além de incapacidade significativamente maior.