bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the resistance and resilience framework for aging and dementia studies
Authors: Arenaza-Urquijo Eider M. , Vemuri Prashanthi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The "resistance vs resilience" to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) framework (coping vs avoiding) has gained interest in the field in the last year. In this viewpoint, our effort is (i) to provide clarity to the usage of the framework in the context of the ATN (amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration) system as well as in lifespan and cognitive aging studies and (ii) to discuss the challenges of matching these concepts to specific biological mechanisms.

Main body
In the context of the ATN system, the main goal of the resistance vs resilience framework is to make a fundamental distinction between risk factors that may help halt the development of AD pathologies (AT) (“resistance”) vs delay processes downstream to AT, i.e., neurodegeneration (N) and the clinical expression of the disease (“resilience”). The process of resilience in dementia and aging research should be envisioned as a process that is developed over the lifespan. Greater neurobiological capital to start with (initial brain reserve), maintaining brain structure and function (brain maintenance), or greater adaptability of cognitive strategies to perform a task (cognitive reserve) could all contribute to higher resilience to pathologies later in life. Simply put, resilience is not only a response to pathological processes (i.e. increased brain function to compensate for increasing AD pathology) but also reflects individual differences in brain structure and function that can be built over the lifespan (e.g., through education, lifetime cognitive, and physical activities). Further, the resistance vs resilience terminology can be extended to study other pathological processes such as cerebrovascular lesions, Lewy body disease, or TDP-43. However, some challenges do exist: (i) when studying multiple neuropathologies, the study design and framework will drive the usage of terminology; (ii) it is unavoidable that the measurements of resilience (brain structure and function) will reflect both the effect of pathologies and the impact of several risk and protective factors throughout the lifespan. Therefore, identifying resilience brain markers across lifespan, aging, and dementia studies, notably with longitudinal study designs, will be an important step towards understanding mechanisms of action.

Conclusions
While the field advances towards consensus definitions of existing concepts, the resistance vs resilience terminology may provide clarity in the communication of results in aging and dementia studies as well as provide a framework for the development of both hypotheses and study designs.
Are ketogenic diets promising for Alzheimer’s disease? A translational review
Authors: Lilamand Matthieu , Porte Baptiste , Cognat Emmanuel , Hugon Jacques , Mouton-Liger François , Paquet Claire 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Brain amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with complex neuroinflammatory reactions such as microglial activation and cytokine production. Glucose metabolism is closely related to neuroinflammation. Ketogenic diets (KDs) include a high amount of fat, low carbohydrate and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) intake. KDs lead to the production of ketone bodies to fuel the brain, in the absence of glucose. These nutritional interventions are validated treatments of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, consequently leading to a better intellectual development in epileptic children. In neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline, potential benefits of KD were previously pointed out, but the published evidence remains scarce. The main objective of this review was to critically examine the evidence regarding KD or MCT intake effects both in AD and ageing animal models and in humans.

Main body
We conducted a review based on a systematic search of interventional trials published from January 2000 to March 2019 found on MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. Overall, 11 animal and 11 human studies were included in the present review. In preclinical studies, this review revealed an improvement of cognition and motor function in AD mouse model and ageing animals. However, the KD and ketone supplementation were also associated with significant weight loss. In human studies, most of the published articles showed a significant improvement of cognitive outcomes (global cognition, memory and executive functions) with ketone supplementation or KD, regardless of the severity of cognitive impairments previously detected. Both interventions seemed acceptable and efficient to achieve ketosis.

Conclusion
The KD or MCT intake might be promising ways to alter cognitive symptoms in AD, especially at the prodromal stage of the disease. The need for efficient disease-modifying strategies suggests to pursue further KD interventional studies to assess the efficacy, the adherence to this diet and the potential adverse effects of these nutritional approaches.
Hydralazine-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with pulmonary–renal syndrome: a case report
Authors: Al-Abdouh Ahmad , Siyal Abdul Muhaymin , Seid Hanan , Bekele Ammer , Garcia Pablo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Hydralazine is a common vasodilator which has been used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Hydralazine can induce antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis due to its auto-immunogenic capability and one of the very rare presentations is pulmonary–renal syndrome.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 64-year-old African American woman, who presented to our emergency room with shortness of breath, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, leg swelling, fatigue, loss of appetite, cough with clear sputum, and lightheadedness. On admission, she developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure requiring intubation and acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis. A serologic workup was positive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, antinuclear antibody, anti-histone, anti-cardiolipin IgM, and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. A renal biopsy was done due to persistent deterioration in kidney function and demonstrated classic crescentic (pauci-immune) glomerulonephritis. Hydralazine was empirically discontinued early in the admission and she was started on corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide following biopsy results. She was clinically stable but remained dependent on hemodialysis after discharge.

Conclusion
Hydralazine-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with pulmonary–renal syndrome is a rare occurrence. In the setting of hydralazine use, multiple positive antigens, and multisystem involvement, clinicians should consider this rare condition requiring prompt cessation of offending drug, early evaluation with biopsy, and contemplate empiric immunosuppressive therapy while biopsy confirmation is pending.
Borderline personality disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescence: overlap and differences in a clinical setting
Authors: Akça Ömer Faruk , Wall Kiana , Sharp Carla 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
With increased consensus regarding the validity and reliability of diagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in adolescents, clinicians express concern over the distinction between BPD and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and its co-morbidity in clinical settings. The goal of this study was to evaluate differences between BPD, ADHD and BPD + ADHD in terms of co-morbid psychiatric disorders and a range of self-reported behavioral problems in adolescents.

Methods
Our sample consisted of N = 550 inpatient adolescents with behavioral and emotional disorders that have not responded to prior intervention. We took a person-centered approach (for increase clinical relevance) and compared adolescents with ADHD, BPD and ADHD+BPD in terms of co-occurring psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems. We performed a regression analysis to test whether BPD symptoms make an incremental contribution to the prediction of psychiatric symptoms over ADHD symptoms.

Results
The severity of almost all co-occurring disorders, aggression, self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and substance use, were higher in the ADHD+BPD group. Borderline symptoms made an incremental contribution to the prediction of psychiatric symptoms beyond the contribution of ADHD.

Conclusion
Severity and co-morbidity may be helpful factors in distinguishing between ADHD and BPD in clinical practice and the co-morbidity of these two disorders may indicate a worse clinical outcome.
The textile products labelling analysis and requirements
Authors: Santos-Roldán Luna , Palacios-Florencio Beatriz , Berbel-Pineda Juan Manuel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe textile sector is one of the most representative of Spanish industry, contributing to the wealth of the country with close to 10% of the business fabric in Spain. However, in spite of this daily consumption little is known about the guarantees of traceability clothes labelling must inform about. The purpose of this study is to present a work of analysis of the compliance with the content of the labelling in this sector. For his objective, a research was developed through the consideration of 32 businesses of the textile sector in the city of Córdoba (Spain) where were photographed each label for its later analysis and a confirmation of the regulation. The results show that the majority of labels are incomplete and insufficient. Therefore, it’s necessary the existence of an European public organism with a competence to accredit the manufacturing, distribution and commercialization of textile garments, protecting the rights of workers and the consumers’ access to information.
Magnetic compression anastomosis with atypical anastomosis for anastomotic stenosis of the sigmoid colon: a case report
Authors: Kamada Teppei , Ohdaira Hironori , Hoshimoto Sojun , Narihiro Satoshi , Suzuki Norihiko , Marukuchi Rui , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Yoshida Masashi , Yamanouchi Eigoro , Suzuki Yutaka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is mainly applied in the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts through a nonsurgical procedure that can create an anastomosis similar to that obtained through surgery.
Magnets usually adsorb in the end-to-end direction (end-to-end anastomosis), exert a strong magnetic force and create an anastomosis according to the size of the magnets.
Regular endoscopic dilation is required to prevent restenosis when the anastomotic size is small.
We report a case in which MCA was successfully used to treat anastomotic stenosis of the sigmoid colon; the magnets adsorbed in the side-to-side direction rather than the end-to-end direction and generated a wide anastomosis in a short time that did not require endoscopic dilation.

Case presentation
An 81-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital to treat anastomotic stenosis of the sigmoid colon for closure of transverse colostomy. Two years prior, the Hartmann operation and drainage were performed at other hospitals due to perforated diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon. Obstruction of the sigmoid colostomy occurred, and a transverse colostomy was performed. One year after the first surgery, high anterior resection was performed, but anastomotic stenosis occurred, causing obstruction. MCA was planned because the patient had a history of multiple operations and was expected to have strong adhesions postoperatively. MCA was safely performed, but two magnets were accidently adsorbed in the side-to-side direction. The magnet position could not be changed. The two magnets were expected to move and adsorb in an end-to-end direction naturally due to bowel movements. The magnets that adsorbed in the side-to-side direction dropped from the anus 5 days after treatment, and the anastomosis was observed by colonoscopy. Three ileus tubes were placed from the transverse colostomy beyond the anastomosis to prevent restenosis. Colonoscopy showed that the anastomosis diameter was wider than expected at 14 days after treatment, and endoscopic dilation was not necessary. No complications were observed in this patient’s postoperative course. Finally, closure of the patient’s colostomy was successfully performed.

Conclusions
MCA with side-to-side anastomosis generated a wide anastomosis in a short time.
Neonatal diet impacts liver mitochondrial bioenergetics in piglets fed formula or human milk
Authors: Carvalho Eugenia , Adams Sean H. , Børsheim Elisabet , Blackburn Michael L. , Ono-Moore Kikumi D. , Cotter Matthew , Bowlin Anne K. , Yeruva Laxmi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal diet impacts many physiological systems and can modify risk for developing metabolic disease and obesity later in life. Less well studied is the effect of postnatal diet (e.g., comparing human milk (HM) or milk formula (MF) feeding) on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Such effects may be most profound in splanchnic tissues that would have early exposure to diet-associated or gut microbe-derived factors.MethodsTo address this question, we measured ileal and liver mitochondrial bioenergetics phenotypes in male piglets fed with HM or MF from day 2 to day 21 age. Ileal and liver tissue were processed for mitochondrial respiration (substrate only [pyruvate, malate, glutamate], substrate + ADP, and proton “leak” post-oligomycin; measured by Oroboros methods), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and metabolically-relevant gene expression analyses.ResultsNo differences between the diet groups were observed in mitochondrial bioenergetics indices in ileal tissue. In contrast, ADP-dependent liver Complex I-linked OXPHOS capacity and Complex I + II-linked OXPHOS capacity were significantly higher in MF animals relative to HM fed piglets. Interestingly, p53, Trap1, and Pparβ transcript abundances were higher in MF-fed relative to HM-fed piglets in the liver. Mitochondrial DNA copy numbers (normalized to nuclear DNA) were similar within-tissue regardless of postnatal diet, and were ~ 2–3 times higher in liver vs. ileal tissue.ConclusionWhile mechanisms remain to be identified, the data indicate that neonatal diet can significantly impact liver mitochondrial bioenergetics phenotypes, even in the absence of a change in mtDNA abundance. Since permeabilized liver mitochondrial respiration was increased in MF piglets only in the presence of ADP, it suggests that formula feeding led to a higher ATP turnover. Specific mechanisms and signals involved with neonatal diet-associated differences in liver bioenergetics remain to be elucidated.
Urinary biomarker discovery in gliomas using mass spectrometry-based clinical proteomics
Authors: Wu Jianqiang , Zhang Jun , Wei Jing , Zhao Yuanli , Gao Youhe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors and have a poor prognosis. Early detection of gliomas is crucial to improve patient outcomes. Urine accumulates systematic body changes and thus serves as an excellent early biomarker source.

Methods
At the biomarker discovery phase, we performed a self-controlled proteomics analysis by comparing urine samples collected from five glioma patients at the time of tumor diagnosis and after surgical removal of the tumor. At the biomarker validation phase, we further validated some promising proteins using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based targeted proteomics in another cohort, including glioma, meningioma, and moyamoya disease patients as well as healthy controls.

Results
Using label-free proteome quantitation (LFQ), we identified twenty-seven urinary proteins that were significantly changed after tumor resection, many of which have been previously associated with gliomas. The functions of these proteins were significantly enriched in the autophagy and angiogenesis, which are associated with glioma development. After targeted proteomics validation, we identified a biomarker panel (AACT, TSP4, MDHM, CALR, LEG1, and AHSG) with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.958 for the detection of gliomas. Interestingly, AACT, LEG1, and AHSG are also potential cerebrospinal fluid or blood biomarkers of gliomas.

Conclusions
Using LFQ and PRM proteome quantification, we identified candidate urinary protein biomarkers with the potential to detect gliomas. This study will also provide clues for future biomarker studies involving brain diseases.
Child development and nutritional status in 12–59 months of age in resource limited setting of Ethiopia
Authors: Workie Shimelash Bitew , Mekonen Tesfa , Mekonen Tefera Chane , Fekadu Wubalem 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Early years of life are period of maximal growth and development of human brain. Development of young child is influenced by biological endowment and health of child, nutritional status of child, relationships with primary caregivers, family, and support systems in the community. This study was aimed to assess childhood development in relation to their nutritional status.

Method
Community-based cross-sectional study was employed. Multi–stage systematic random sampling technique was used to select 626 children aged 12-59 months with mother/caregivers’ pairs in Wolaita district in 2015. Child development assessment was done using third edition of age and stage questionnaire. Height and weight were measured by trained data collectors then the WHO Anthro version 3.2.2 software was used to convert nutritional data indices. Data were entered into Epi-info version 3.3.5 and was exported and analyzed using STATA version 14. Correlation and multiple logistic regression were used.

Result
High risk of developmental problem in children were 19.0% with 95% CI (16.06%, 22.3%), and it is expressed as communication 5.8%, gross motor 6.1%, fine motor 4.0%, personal social 8.8%, and problem solving 4.1%. One-third (34.1%) of the study participants were stunted while 6.9% and 11.9% of them were wasted and underweight respectively. Weight-for-age (WAZ) and height-for-age positively correlated with all five domains of development, i.e., with communication, gross motor, fine motor, personal social, and problem solving (r = 0.1 − 0.23; p < 0.0001, and r = 0.131 − 0.249; p < 0.0001) respectively.

Conclusion and recommendation
Overall child development was directly related with nutritional status. So, available resources should be offered to decrease children undernutrition. Further assessment on childhood development of children is necessary
First COVID-19 infections in the Philippines: a case report
Authors: Edrada Edna M. , Lopez Edmundo B. , Villarama Jose Benito , Salva Villarama Eumelia P. , Dagoc Bren F. , Smith Chris , Sayo Ana Ria , Verona Jeffrey A. , Trifalgar-Arches Jamie , Lazaro Jezreel , Balinas Ellen Grace M. , Telan Elizabeth Freda O. , Roy Lynsil , Galon Myvie , Florida Carl Hill N. , Ukawa Tatsuya , Villanueva Annavi Marie G. , Saito Nobuo , Nepomuceno Jean Raphael , Ariyoshi Koya , Carlos Celia , Nicolasora Amalea Dulcene , Solante Rontgene M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is responsible for more fatalities than the SARS coronavirus, despite being in the initial stage of a global pandemic. The first suspected case in the Philippines was investigated on January 22, 2020, and 633 suspected cases were reported as of March 1. We describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the first two confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Philippines, both admitted to the national infectious disease referral hospital in Manila.Case presentationBoth patients were previously healthy Chinese nationals on vacation in the Philippines travelling as a couple during January 2020. Patient 1, a 39-year-old female, had symptoms of cough and sore throat and was admitted to San Lazaro Hospital in Manila on January 25. Physical examination was unremarkable.Influenza B, human coronavirus 229E,Staphylococcus aureusandKlebsiella pneumoniaewere detected by PCR on initial nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NPS/OPS) swabs. On January 30, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was reported to be detected by PCR on the initial swabs and she was identified as the first confirmed COVID-19 case in the Philippines. Her symptoms resolved, and she was discharged. Patient 2, a 44-year-old male, had symptoms of fever, cough, and chills.Influenza BandStreptococcus pneumoniaewere detected by PCR on initial NPS/OPS swabs. He was treated for community-acquired pneumonia with intravenous antibiotics, but his condition deteriorated and he required intubation. On January 31, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was reported to be detected by PCR on the initial swabs, and he was identified as the 2nd confirmed COVID-19 infection in the Philippines. On February 1, the patient’s condition deteriorated, and following a cardiac arrest, it was not possible to revive him. He was thus confirmed as the first COVID-19 death outside of China.ConclusionsThis case report highlights several important clinical and public health issues. Despite both patients being young adults with no significant past medical history, they had very different clinical courses, illustrating how COVID-19 can present with a wide spectrum of disease. As of March 1, there have been three confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Philippines. Continued vigilance is required to identify new cases.
Welling-up of cerebrospinal fluid is a sign of remote supratentorial hemorrhage during microvascular decompression: a case report
Authors: Yakufujiang Maidinamu , Higuchi Yoshinori , Wakita Shogo , Horiguchi Kentaro , Ikegami Shiro , Iwadate Yasuo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Subdural hematoma (SDH) at a remote operative site is uncommon following neurosurgical procedures. However, supratentorial SDH is one of the rare complications following microvascular decompression (MVD). We report a case of supratentorial SDH following MVD. The welling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebellomedullary fissure was observed unexpectedly during the dissection. It is a signal case that can improve our understanding of the occurrence of such rare complications and of possible mechanisms.

Case presentation
A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with left hemifacial spasm (HFS) and had been receiving botulinum toxin injections since 10 years before surgery. CSF welling-up in the cerebellopontine cistern was noticed by the surgeon during the arachnoid dissection. MVD was performed completely. A thin supratentorial SDH was found on the right side (contralateral) on immediate postoperative computed tomography (CT). The SDH was asymptomatic, and the size of hematoma did not increase in follow-up CT scans after surgery. During the follow-up period, she was relieved of HFS. CSF welling-up can be considered the time of initiation of the hemorrhage.

Conclusion
Limited case reports of supratentorial SDH following MVD have been published, and none of them have reported time of initiation of the hemorrhage. The phenomenon of abnormal CSF welling-up in the cistern could be a sign of remote supratentorial hemorrhage.