bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic and biological approaches to map substrate specificities of proteases
Authors: Chen Shiyu , Yim Joshua J. , Bogyo Matthew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Proteases are regulators of diverse biological pathways including protein catabolism, antigen processing and inflammation, as well as various disease conditions, such as malignant metastasis, viral infection and parasite invasion. The identification of substrates of a given protease is essential to understand its function and this information can also aid in the design of specific inhibitors and active site probes. However, the diversity of putative protein and peptide substrates makes connecting a protease to its downstream substrates technically difficult and time-consuming. To address this challenge in protease research, a range of methods have been developed to identify natural protein substrates as well as map the overall substrate specificity patterns of proteases. In this review, we highlight recent examples of both synthetic and biological methods that are being used to define the substrate specificity of protease so that new protease-specific tools and therapeutic agents can be developed.
An Avant-Garde Handling of Temporal-Spatial Fractional Physical Models
Authors: Jaradat Imad , Alquran Marwan , Katatbeh Qutaibeh , Yousef Feras , Momani Shaher , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the present study, we dilate the differential transform scheme to develop a reliable scheme for studying analytically the mutual impact of temporal and spatial fractional derivatives in Caputo’s sense. We also provide a mathematical framework for the transformed equations of some fundamental functional forms in fractal 2-dimensional space. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme, we first provide an elegant scheme to estimate the (mixed-higher) Caputo-fractional derivatives, and then we give an analytical treatment for several (non)linear physical case studies in fractal 2-dimensional space. The study concluded that the proposed scheme is very efficacious and convenient in extracting solutions for wide physical applications endowed with two different memory parameters as well as in approximating fractional derivatives.
BER Performance Analysis of an Orthogonal FDM Free Space Optical Communication System with Homodyne Optical Receiver over Turbulent Atmospheric Channel
Authors: Barua Bobby , Majumder S. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Atmospheric turbulence induced fading may severely impair free-space optical (FSO) communication systems, affecting the quality of the propagated laser beam and lead to significant performance degradation. Recent research works reveal that performance can be improved by using orthogonal FDM. In this paper, an analytical approach is presented to evaluate the bit error rate performance of an OFDM FSO link with optical intensity modulation and coherent homodyne receiver taking into consideration the effect of strong atmospheric turbulence. The turbulence effect is modeled as gamma-gamma distribution and the performance results are evaluated in terms of average CNR and BER. Power penalty suffered by the system due to the effect of turbulence at a given BER is evaluated for several system parameters viz. link distance, turbulence parameter, local oscillator power etc. It is noticed that effect of turbulence can be significantly reduced by increasing the number of OFDM subcarrier. For example, power penalty for BER of 10–9 at a link distance of 3,600 m is 6 dB when number of subcarrier is 4 and can be reduced to 0.5 dB by increasing the number of subcarrier to 64. In addition, by utilizing coherent optical receiver and synchronous demodulation at the receiving end, we have introduced local oscillator (LO) for both Optical and RF state which have ability to track the signal’s phase changes over time relative to the LO’s phase and helps the system to remain stable.
Mass variation observing system by high low inter-satellite links (MOBILE) – a new concept for sustained observation of mass transport from space
Authors: Pail R. , Bamber J. , Biancale R. , Bingham R. , Braitenberg C. , Eicker A. , Flechtner F. , Gruber T. , Güntner A. , Heinzel G. , Horwath M. , Longuevergne L. , Müller J. , Panet I. , Savenije H. , Seneviratne S. , Sneeuw N. , van Dam T. , Wouters B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As changes in gravity are directly related to mass variability, satellite missions observing the Earth’s time varying gravity field are a unique tool for observing mass transport processes in the Earth system, such as the water cycle, rapid changes in the cryosphere, oceans, and solid Earth processes, on a global scale. The observation of Earth’s gravity field was successfully performed by the GRACE and GOCE satellite missions, and will be continued by the GRACE Follow-On mission. A comprehensive team of European scientists proposed the next-generation gravity field mission MOBILE in response to the European Space Agency (ESA) call for a Core Mission in the frame of Earth Explorer 10 (EE10). MOBILE is based on the innovative observational concept of a high-low tracking formation with micrometer ranging accuracy, complemented by new instrument concepts. Since a high-low tracking mission primarily observes the radial component of gravity-induced orbit perturbations, the error structure is close to isotropic. This geometry significantly reduces artefacts of previous along-track ranging low-low formations (GRACE, GRACE-Follow-On) such as the typical striping patterns. The minimum configuration consists of at least two medium-Earth orbiters (MEOs) at 10000 km altitude or higher, and one low-Earth orbiter (LEO) at 350-400 km. The main instrument is a laser-based distance or distance change measurement system, which is placed at the LEO. The MEOs are equipped either with passive reflectors or transponders. In a numerical closed-loop simulation, it was demonstrated that this minimum configuration is in agreement with the threshold science requirements of 5 mm equivalent water height (EWH) accuracy at 400 km wavelength, and 10 cm EWH at 200 km. MOBILE provides promising potential future perspectives by linking the concept to existing space infrastructure such as Galileo next-generation, as future element of the Copernicus/Sentinel programme, and holds the potential of miniaturization even up to swarm configurations. As such MOBILE can be considered as a precursor and role model for a sustained mass transport observing system from space.
Heterobeltiosis and interrelationship of some of important quantitative traits in oilseed rape genotypes
Authors: Rameeh Valiollah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHalf diallel crosses of eight spring genotypes of oilseed rape (Brassica napusL.) were considered to evaluate heterobeltiosis effects of plant height, yield component characters, seed yield and harvest index. Significant mean squares of general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) were determined for all the traits except 1000-seed weight demonstrating prominence of additive and non additive genetic effects for the mentioned traits. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were high for siliquae on main raceme and 1000-seed weight representing the major importance of additive genetic effects for the characters. Most of the crosses with significant positive high parent heterosis for seed yield had also significant heterotic effects for siliquae per plant; therefore, this trait can be considered as indirect selection criterion for enhancing seed yield. Seed yield was significantly correlated with the traits including plant height, siliquae on main raceme and siliquae per plant based on mean performances of the traits and this result was confirmed with correlations based on heterobeltiosis. The crosses including L41×LF2 and L31×L401 with highly significant heterobeltiosis estimates of grain yield were superior combinations for breeding this trait. which proved good specific combiners for most of the traits.
Synthesis and characterizations of TiN–SBA-15 mesoporous materials for CO2 dry reforming enhancement
Authors: Chotirach Maslin , Tantayanon Supawan , Tungasmita Duangamol Nuntasri , Sun Junliang , Tungasmita Sukkaneste 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A novel approach of titanium nitride (TiN) incorporated into SBA-15 framework was developed using one-step hydrothermal synthesis method. TiN contents up to ~18 wt% were directly dispersed in a synthetic gel under a typical strong acidic condition. The physico-chemical characteristics and the surface properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption-desorption, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) and CO2-temperature programmed desorption (CO2-TPD). The results indicated that the highly ordered mesostructured was effectively maintained with high specific surface area of 532–685 m2g−1. The basicity of the modified SBA-15 increased with rising TiN loading. These modified materials were applied as a support of Ni catalyst in dry reforming of methane (DRM). Their catalytic behavior possessed superior conversions for both CO2 and CH4 with the highest H2/CO ratio (0.83) as well as 50 % lower carbon formation, compared to bare SBA-15 support.
Orexin-1 Receptor Signaling in Ventral Pallidum Regulates Motivation for the Opioid Remifentanil
Authors: Mohammadkhani Aida , Fragale Jennifer E. , Pantazis Caroline B. , Bowrey Hannah E. , James Morgan H. , Aston-Jones Gary 
Published: October 2019

Signaling at the orexin-1 receptor (OxR1) is important for motivated drug taking. Using a within-session behavioral economics (BE) procedure, we previously found that pharmacologic blockade of the OxR1 decreased motivation (increased demand elasticity) for the potent and short-acting opioid remifentanil and reduced low-effort remifentanil consumption. However, the mechanism through which orexin regulates remifentanil demand is currently unknown. Previous work implicated OxR1 signaling within ventral pallidum (VP) as a potential target. VP is densely innervated by orexin fibers and is known to regulate opioid reward. Accordingly, this study sought to determine the role of VP OxR1 signaling in remifentanil demand and cue-induced reinstatement of remifentanil seeking in male rats. Intra-VP microinjections of the OxR1 antagonist SB-334867 (SB) decreased motivation (increased demand elasticity; α) for remifentanil without affecting remifentanil consumption at low effort. Baseline α values predicted the degree of cue-induced remifentanil seeking, and microinjection of SB into VP attenuated this behavior without affecting extinction responding. Baseline α values also predicted SB efficacy, such that SB was most effective in attenuating reinstatement behavior in highly motivated rats. Together, these findings support a selective role for VP OxR1 signaling in motivation for the opioid remifentanil. Our findings also highlight the utility of BE in predicting relapse propensity and efficacy of treatment with OxR1 antagonists.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAbuse of opioids has risen rapidly and continues to be a major health crisis. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand the neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms underlying opioid addiction. Here, we investigate the role of orexin-1 receptor signaling (OxR1) within ventral pallidum (VP) in remifentanil demand and cue-induced reinstatement of remifentanil seeking. Using a within-session behavioral economics procedure, we show that intra-VP microinjections of the OxR1 antagonist SB-334867 decreased motivation (increased demand elasticity) without affecting remifentanil consumption at low effort. We also found that SB microinjected intra-VP attenuated cue-induced reinstatement of remifentanil seeking. Together, our results support a role for VP OxR1 signaling in opioid reward.
Dentate Gyrus Mossy Cells Share a Role in Pattern Separation with Dentate Granule Cells and Proximal CA3 Pyramidal Cells
Authors: GoodSmith Douglas , Lee Heekyung , Neunuebel Joshua P. , Song Hongjun , Knierim James J. 
Published: October 2019

The complementary processes of pattern completion and pattern separation are thought to be essential for successful memory storage and recall. The dentate gyrus (DG) and proximal CA3 (pCA3) regions have been implicated in pattern separation, in part through extracellular recording studies of these areas. However, the DG contains two types of excitatory cells: granule cells of the granule layer and mossy cells of the hilus. Little is known about the firing properties of mossy cells in freely moving animals, and it is unclear how their activity may contribute to the mnemonic functions of the hippocampus. Furthermore, tetrodes in the dentate granule layer and pCA3 pyramidal layer can also record mossy cells, thus introducing ambiguity into the identification of cell types recorded. Using a random forests classifier, we classified cells recorded in DG (Neunuebel and Knierim, 2014) and pCA3 (Lee et al., 2015) of 16 male rats and separately examined the responses of granule cells, mossy cells, and pCA3 pyramidal cells in a local/global cue mismatch task. All three cell types displayed low correlations between the population representations of the rat's position in the standard and cue-mismatch sessions. These results suggest that all three excitatory cell types within the DG/pCA3 circuit may act as a single functional unit to support pattern separation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMossy cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) are an integral component of the DG/pCA3 circuit. While the role of granule cells in the circuitry and computations of the hippocampus has been a focus of study for decades, the contributions of mossy cells have been largely overlooked. Recent studies have revealed the spatial firing properties of mossy cells in awake behaving animals, but how the activity of these highly active cells contributes to the mnemonic functions of the DG is uncertain. We separately analyzed mossy cells, granule cells, and pCA3 cells and found that all three cell types respond similarly to a local/global cue mismatch, suggesting that they form a single functional unit supporting pattern separation.
Change in baseline characteristics over 20 years of adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency on GH replacement therapy
Authors: Höybye Charlotte , Burman Pia , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Hey-Hadavi Judith , Aydin Ferah , Camacho-Hubner Cecilia , Mattsson Anders F 
Published: October 2019

Objective
Clinical observations over time of adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) have indicated a shift in patient characteristics at diagnosis. The objective of this study was to compare baseline characteristics of patients diagnosed with adult-onset GHD naive to GH replacement during three study periods (1994–1999 (P1), 2000–2004 (P2), and 2005–2012 (P3)) using the KIMS (Pfizer’s International Metabolic) database.

Methods
Data were retrieved for a total of 6069 patients with adult-onset GHD from six countries (Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and UK): P1 (n = 1705), P2 (n = 2397), and P3 (n = 1967).

Results
The proportions of patients with pituitary/hypothalamic tumors and patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies decreased per entry year period, while the proportions with hypertension and diabetes increased. The lag time from diagnosis of pituitary disease to start of GH treatment decreased by 2.9 years over the entry year periods. IGF-1 increased by 0.1 standard deviation score per entry year period. Maximum GH following various stimulation tests, BMI, and waist circumference increased. The use of radiotherapy, glucocorticoid replacement doses, and the proportion of women >50 years on estrogen replacement therapy decreased. The effects of 1 year of GH replacement were similar over the entry year periods despite changes in the patients’ baseline characteristics. An expected increase in fasting blood glucose was seen after 1 year of GH treatment.

Conclusions
The degree of confirmed GHD became less pronounced and more patients with co-morbidities and diabetes were considered for GH replacement therapy, possibly reflecting increased knowledge and confidence in GH therapy gained with time.
A Comparison of Finite Difference Schemes for Computational Modelling of Biosensors
Authors: Gaidamauskaitė E. , Baronas R. 
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a one-dimensional-in-space mathematical model of an amperometric biosensor. The model is based on the reaction-diffusion equations containing a non-linear term related to Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the enzymatic reactions. The stated problem is solved numerically by applying the finite difference method. Several types of finite difference schemes are used. The numerical results for the schemes and couple mathematical software packages are compared and verified against known analytical solutions. Calculation results are compared in terms of the precision and computation time.
Interpretable Nonlinear Model for Enterprise Bankruptcy Prediction
Authors: Purvinis O. , Virbickaitė R. , Šukys P. 
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research was to model bankruptcy dependency of Lithuanian enterprises on their financial ratios and its dynamics over time by the integration of artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic technology using Adaptive Network – based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). We used data from financial reports for three years’ of 230 Lithuanian going and failed enterprises. Input variables used for the ANFIS model training and testing composed of 13 financial ratios of the last year before bankruptcy and 13 variables characterizing changes of that ratios over time. It was checked 1716 subsets of input variables, each subset containing five input variables. This way the ANFIS model and the best subset of predictive variables with minimal training errors was found. Test of that model showed that percentage of right failure and success predictions reached 80 %. Fuzzy rules of the ANFIS were used to construct interpretable rules base, which can be useful for enterprise managers as knowledge for the linguistic diagnosis of failure or financial problems.
Analogue Electrical Circuit for Simulation of the Duffing-Holmes Equation
Authors: Tamaševičiūtė E. , Tamaševičius A. , Mykolaitis G. , Bumelienė S. 
Published: October 2019

We describe an extremely simple second order analogue electrical circuit for simulating the two-well Duffing-Holmes mathematical oscillator. Numerical results and analogue electrical simulations are illustrated with the snapshots of chaotic waveforms, with the phase portraits (the Lissajous figures) and with the stroboscopic maps (the Poincar´e sections).
Investigation of Negative Critical Points of the Characteristic Function for Problems with Nonlocal Boundary Conditions
Authors: Pečiulytė S. , Štikonienė O. , Štikonas A. 
Published: October 2019

In this paper the Sturm-Liouville problem with one classical and the other nonlocal two-point or integral boundary condition is investigated. Critical points of the characteristic function are analyzed. We investigate how distribution of the critical points depends on nonlocal boundary condition parameters. In the first part of this paper we investigate the case of negative critical points.
Scenario‐Dependent Site Effects for the Determination of Unbiased Local Magnitude
Authors: Holt James , Edwards Benjamin , Poggi Valerio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe explore the role of scenario‐dependent site amplification on local magnitude (ML) and possible bias it may introduce. ML is strongly influenced by local site response, which is conditioned by unique local geological factors. To isolate the effect of the near‐surface amplification on ML, relative differences between station‐specific ML at the surface and borehole (ΔML,STN) are studied for 34 sites from the KiK‐net network, Japan. We find strong moment magnitude (M) dependent scenario‐specific ΔML,STN trends over the range 3.0<M<6.5. To model these trends, we employ the stochastic method, initially using empirical surface‐to‐borehole (S/B) Fourier spectral ratios for the site term. Simulated data, ΔML,STN(M), based on the available site‐response information are shown to closely match the empirical ΔML,STN trends. Subsequently, the site term is replaced with (a) linear 1D shear‐wave (horizontal) transfer function (1D‐SHTF) amplification, (b) horizontal‐to‐vertical ratios, and (c) quarter wavelength amplification to calculate ΔML,STN(M) in the absence of S/B. We find that ΔML,STN(M) trends are best estimated with S/B as the site term, but in many cases using a linear 1D‐SHTF model is adequate. Furthermore, we discuss how this phenomenon may be related to the observed inequality between M and ML at low magnitudes and how ΔML,STN(M) may be used in the future to compute unbiased ML with greater confidence.
Pleomorphic adenoma of head and neck region: our institutional review
Authors: Singh Gurbax , Prinja Sumit , . Aarushi 
Published: October 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Pleomorphic adenoma is the commonest benign salivary gland neoplasm but it has the tendency to reoccur if not properly removed and has ability to undergo malignant transformation. The aim of the study was to discuss the presentation and treatment of pleomorphic adenoma of the head and neck region.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Retrospective chart review of patients treated for pleomorphic adenoma of the head and neck region between 2011 and 2018. Data assessed included demographics, clinical presentation, imaging, treatment, complications, recurrence and follow‐up. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Seventy nine patients with pleomorphic adenoma were identified. Major salivary gland lesions were most common (n=64, 81.0%); 67% (53 of 64) arising in the parotid and 14% (11 of 64) in the submandibular glands. Minor salivary gland lesions were removed from the palate (8 of 15, 53.3%), parapharyngeal space (3 of 15, 20%), nasal septum (2 of 15, 13.3%), lower lip (1 of 15, 6.7%) and base of tongue (1 of 15, 6.7%). Preoperative imaging done was mainly computed tomography in all the cases however in parapharyngeal space cases magnetic resonance imaging was also done. Surgical excision was performed in all patients except base of tongue case.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Treatment of pleomorphic adenoma is mainly surgical with negative margin. Rate of recurrence is low, however long follow-up is recommended. </p>