bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candida tropicalis is the most prevalent yeast species causing candidemia in Algeria: the urgent need for antifungal stewardship and infection control measures
Authors: Megri Youcef , Arastehfar Amir , Boekhout Teun , Daneshnia Farnaz , Hörtnagl Caroline , Sartori Bettina , Hafez Ahmed , Pan Weihua , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Hamrioui Boussad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite being associated with a high mortality and economic burden, data regarding candidemia are scant in Algeria. The aim of this study was to unveil the epidemiology of candidemia in Algeria, evaluate the antifungal susceptibility pattern of causative agents and understand the molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance where applicable. Furthermore, by performing environmental screening and microsatellite typing we sought to identify the source of infection.MethodsWe performed a retrospective epidemiological-based surveillance study and collected available blood yeast isolates recovered from the seven hospitals in Algiers. To identify the source of infection, we performed environmental screening from the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) and high touch areas. Species identification was performed by API Auxa-Color and MALDI-TOF MS and ITS sequencing was performed for species not reliably identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Antifungal susceptibility testing followed CLSI M27-A3/S4 and included all blood and environmental yeast isolates.ERG11sequencing was performed for azole-resistantCandidaisolates. Microsatellite typing was performed for blood and environmentalCandidaspecies, where applicable.ResultsCandida tropicalis(19/66) was the main cause of candidemia in these seven hospitals, followed byCandida parapsilosis(18/66), Candida albicans(18/66), andCandida glabrata(7/66). The overall mortality rate was 68.6% (35/51) and was 81.2% forC. tropicalis-infected patients (13/16). Fluconazole was the main antifungal drug used (12/51); 41% of the patients (21/51) did not receive any systemic treatment.Candida parapsilosiswas isolated mainly from the hands of HCWs (7/28), and various yeasts were collected from high-touch areas (11/47), includingNaganishia albida, C. parapsilosisandC. glabrata. Typing data revealed interhospital transmission on two occasions forC. parapsilosisandC. glabrata, and the same clone ofC. parapsilosisinfected two patients within the same hospital. Resistance was only noted forC. tropicalisagainst azoles (6/19) and fluconazole-resistantC. tropicalisisolates (≥8 μg/ml) (6/19) contained a novel P56S (5/6) amino acid substitution and a previously reported one (V234F; 1/6) in Erg11p.ConclusionsCollectively, our data suggest an urgent need for antifungal stewardship and infection control strategies to improve the clinical outcome of Algerian patients with candidemia. The high prevalence ofC. tropicalisjoined by fluconazole-resistance may hamper the therapeutic efficacy of fluconazole, the frontline antifungal drug used in Algeria.
Determination of parecoxib and valdecoxib in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetics studies
Authors: Chen Mengchun , Sun Wei , Wang Zhe , Huang Chengke , Hu Guoxin , Chen Yijie , Wang Ledan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The present study aimed to develop and validate a rapid, selective, and reproducible ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry separation method for the simultaneous determination of the levels of parecoxib and its main metabolite valdecoxib in rat plasma. Moreover, this method was applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of parecoxib and valdecoxib in rats.

Methods
Following the addition of celecoxib as an internal standard, one-step protein precipitation by acetonitrile was used for sample preparation. The effective chromatographic separation was carried out using an ACQUITY UPLC®BEH C18 reversed phase column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm particle size) with acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) as the mobile phase. The procedure was performed in less than 3 min with a gradient elution pumped at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min. The electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for quantification using the following: target fragment ions: m/z 371 → 234 for parecoxib, m/z 315 → 132 for valdecoxib and m/z 382 → 362 for celecoxib.

Results
The method validation demonstrated optimal linearity over the range of 50–10,000 ng/ml (r2 ≥ 0.9996) and 2.5–500 ng/ml (r2 ≥ 0.9991) for parecoxib and valdecoxib in rat plasma, respectively.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated a simple, sensitive and applicable method for the quantification of parecoxib and its main pharmacologically active metabolite valdecoxib following sublingual vein administration of 5 mg/kg parecoxib in rats.
Tacr3 in the lateral habenula differentially regulates orofacial allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors in a mouse model of trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Cui Wen-Qiang , Zhang Wen-Wen , Chen Teng , Li Qian , Xu Fei , Mao-Ying Qi-Liang , Mi Wen-Li , Wang Yan-Qing , Chu Yu-Xia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is debilitating and is usually accompanied by mood disorders. The lateral habenula (LHb) is considered to be involved in the modulation of pain and mood disorders, and the present study aimed to determine if and how the LHb participates in the development of pain and anxiety in TN. To address this issue, a mouse model of partial transection of the infraorbital nerve (pT-ION) was established. pT-ION induced stable and long-lasting primary and secondary orofacial allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors that correlated with the increased excitability of LHb neurons. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of hM4D(Gi) in glutamatergic neurons of the unilateral LHb followed by clozapine-N-oxide application relieved pT-ION-induced anxiety-like behaviors but not allodynia. Immunofluorescence validated the successful infection of AAV in the LHb, and microarray analysis showed changes in gene expression in the LHb of mice showing allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors after pT-ION. Among these differentially expressed genes was Tacr3, the downregulation of which was validated by RT-qPCR. Rescuing the downregulation of Tacr3 by AAV-mediated Tacr3 overexpression in the unilateral LHb significantly reversed pT-ION-induced anxiety-like behaviors but not allodynia. Whole-cell patch clamp recording showed that Tacr3 overexpression suppressed nerve injury-induced hyperexcitation of LHb neurons, and western blotting showed that the pT-ION-induced upregulation of p-CaMKII was reversed by AAV-mediated Tacr3 overexpression or chemicogenetic inhibition of glutamatergic neurons in the LHb. Moreover, not only anxiety-like behaviors, but also allodynia after pT-ION were significantly alleviated by chemicogenetic inhibition of bilateral LHb neurons or by bilateral Tacr3 overexpression in the LHb. In conclusion, Tacr3 in the LHb plays a protective role in treating trigeminal nerve injury-induced allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors by suppressing the hyperexcitability of LHb neurons. These findings provide a rationale for suppressing unilateral or bilateral LHb activity by targeting Tacr3 in treating the anxiety and pain associated with TN.
Quantification of tremor using consumer product accelerometry is feasible in patients with essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease: a comparative study
Authors: van Brummelen Emilie M. J. , Ziagkos Dimitrios , de Boon Wadim M. I. , Hart Ellen P. , Doll Robert J. , Huttunen Teppo , Kolehmainen Petteri , Groeneveld Geert Jan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
To quantify pharmacological effects on tremor in patients with essential tremor (ET) or Parkinson’s Disease (PD), laboratory-grade accelerometers have previously been used. Over the last years, consumer products such as smartphones and smartwatches have been increasingly applied to measure tremor in an easy way. However, it is unknown how the technical performance of these consumer product accelerometers (CPAs) compares to laboratory-grade accelerometers (LGA). This study was performed to compare the technical performance of CPAs with LGA to measure tremor in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET).

Methods
In ten patients with PD and ten with ET, tremor peak frequency and corresponding amplitude were measured with 7 different CPAs (Apple iPhone 7, Apple iPod Touch 5, Apple watch 2, Huawei Nexus 6P, Huawei watch, mbientlabMetaWear (MW) watch, mbientlab MW clip) and compared to a LGA (Biometrics ACL300) in resting and extended arm position.

Results
Both in PD and ET patients, the peak frequency of CPAs did not significantly differ from the LGA in terms of limits of agreement. For the amplitude at peak frequency, only the iPhone and MW watch performed comparable to the LGA in ET patients, while in PD patients all methods performed comparable except for the iPod Touch and Huawei Nexus. Amplitude was higher when measured with distally-located CPAs (Clip, iPhone, iPod) compared with proximally-located CPAs (all watches). The variability between subjects was higher than within subjects for frequency (25.1% vs. 13.4%) and amplitude measurement (331% vs. 53.6%). Resting arm position resulted in lower intra-individual variability for frequency and amplitude (13.4 and 53.5%) compared to extended arm position (17.8 and 58.1%).

Conclusions
Peak frequencies of tremor could be measured with all tested CPAs, with similar performance as LGA. The amplitude measurements appeared to be driven by anatomical location of the device and can therefore not be compared. Our results show that the tested consumer products can be used for tremography, allowing at-home measurements, in particular in studies with a cross-over or intra-individual comparison design using the resting arm position.

Trial registration
This trial was registered in the Dutch Competent Authority (CCMO) database with number NL60672.058.17 on May 30th 2017.
What is global health? Key concepts and clarification of misperceptions
Authors: Chen Xinguang , Li Hao , Lucero-Prisno Don Eliseo , Abdullah Abu S. , Huang Jiayan , Laurence Charlotte , Liang Xiaohui , Ma Zhenyu , Mao Zongfu , Ren Ran , Wu Shaolong , Wang Nan , Wang Peigang , Wang Tingting , Yan Hong , Zou Yuliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe call for “Working Together to Build a Community of Shared Future for Mankind” requires us to improve people’s health across the globe, while global health development entails a satisfactory answer to a fundamental question: “What is global health?” To promote research, teaching, policymaking, and practice in global health, we summarize the main points on the definition of global health from the Editorial Board Meeting of Global Health Research and Policy, convened in July 2019 in Wuhan, China. The meeting functioned as a platform for free brainstorming, in-depth discussion, and post-meeting synthesizing. Through the meeting, we have reached a consensus that global health can be considered as a general guiding principle, an organizing framework for thinking and action, a new branch of sciences and specialized discipline in the large family of public health and medicine. The word “global” in global health can be subjective or objective, depending on the context and setting. In addition to dual-, multi-country and global, a project or a study conducted at a local area can be global if it (1) is framed with a global perspective, (2) intends to address an issue with global impact, and/or (3) seeks global solutions to an issue, such as frameworks, strategies, policies, laws, and regulations. In this regard, global health is eventually an extension of “international health” by borrowing related knowledge, theories, technologies and methodologies from public health and medicine. Although global health is a concept that will continue to evolve, our conceptualization through group effort provides, to date, a comprehensive understanding. This report helps to inform individuals in the global health community to advance global health science and practice, and recommend to take advantage of the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China.
Neuronal subset-specific Pten-deficient mice do not exhibit deficits in sensorimotor gating processes
Authors: Binder Matthew S. , Nolan Suzanne O. , Lugo Joaquin N. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Deficits in sensorimotor gating have been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as in ASD murine models. However, this behavior has not been examined in the neuronal subset-specific (NS)-Pten knockout (KO) model of ASD. NS-Pten KO mice exhibit hyperactivity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway which is implicated in the onset of autistic deficits. This study investigates the potential relationship between PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and deficits in sensorimotor gating. Methods: To assess sensorimotor gating in NS-Pten KO mice we utilized a three-day paradigm. On day 1 (habituation) the mice were administered 80 repetitions of a 120-dB startle stimulus. On day 2, prepulse inhibition was measured with 90 trials of the startle stimulus that was paired with a smaller (2, 7, or 12 dB) prepulse stimulus. Day 3 was assessed one week later, consisting of randomized startle trials and trials with no stimulus and was used to determine the startle response. Results: No significant difference between NS-Pten KO or wildtype (WT) mice was found for habituation (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups when assessing the percentage of prepulse inhibition at 2, 7, and 12 dB (p > 0.05). There was also no difference in startle response between groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study found that the NS-Pten KO model does not display significant deficits in sensorimotor gating processes. The present findings help to elucidate the relationship between PI3K/AKT/mTOR hyperactivation and sensory reactivity.
Biometrics and its Resistance
Authors: Michelsen Lea Laura 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Research on biometrics pays much attention to a major biopolitics and often frames the subject as passive and powerless. Here, I trace a minor biopolitics—articulations of biopolitical resistance—within the aesthetic practice of artist and educator Heather Dewey-Hagborg. Expanding Hans Belting’s image theory with biopolitical theory, I argue that it is possible to trace two forms of resistance: 1. an aesthetic resistance which critically visualizes the otherwise invisible carrier medium and sub-perceptive level of biometric images (in this case DNA portraits) and 2. a bodily resistance which disrupts the biometric image by masking and manipulating its core sub-perceptive image actor: the DNA. By working across several aesthetic domains, Hagborg intervenes at multiple levels of the biopolitical visual economy (Väliaho), making it possible for a broad audience to perceive, engage with, and critically reflect upon biometric images and the ways in which they operate, organize, and affect society.
On the Assessment of Homogeneity in a Uniform Regression Model
Authors: Makhaeva T.P. , Ponomarev I.V. 
Published: April 2020

When conducting an exploratory analysis of the data and the subsequent construction of functional dependencies between the observed phenomena, it is often necessary to assess the degree of dependence between the studied data. The basis for obtaining such criteria with a probabilistic approach usually includes the correlation component of the sample. The choice of the used indicator directly depends on the methods of studying the sample, as well as the tools for constructing the model. In most cases, at the initial stage of modeling, it is precisely the homogeneity estimates of the sample that are studied, a good selection of which can reduce the complexity of constructing the relationship between the data.In this paper, we study a method for assessing the uniformity of sample data when constructing a uniform regression model. The first part of the paper describes the correlation coefficient for the L∞ regression, studies the interval of its change, describes the geometric interpretation and the algorithm for constructing this indicator. In the second part of the paper, we study the method of constructing an indicator of "concentration" of the sample. For this, formulas are derived that relate the correlation coefficient to the magnitude of the original sample. In conclusion, a description is given of the algorithms for constructing the considered indicators, and conclusions are drawn about the complexity of these algorithms.
Identification of Individuals at Increased Risk for Pancreatic Cancer in a Community-Based Cohort of Patients With Suspected Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Jeon Christie Y. , Chen Qiaoling , Yu Wei , Dong Elizabeth Y. , Chung Joanie , Pandol Stephen J. , Yadav Dhiraj , Conwell Darwin L. , Wu Bechien U. 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVES:
We lack reliable methods for identifying patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) at increased risk for pancreatic cancer. We aimed to identify radiographic parameters associated with pancreatic cancer in this population.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with suspected CP within an integrated healthcare system in Southern California in 2006–2015. Patients were identified by a diagnostic code and confirmed by imaging findings (parenchymal calcification, ductal stones, glandular atrophy, pseudocyst, main duct dilatation, duct irregularity, abnormal side branch, or stricture) defined by the natural language processing of radiographic reports. We used Cox regression to determine the relationship of smoking, alcohol use, acute pancreatitis, diabetes, body mass index, and imaging features with the risk of incident pancreatic cancer at least 1 year after abnormal pancreas imaging.

RESULTS:
We identified 1,766 patients with a diagnostic code and an imaging feature for CP with a median follow-up of 4.5 years. There were 46 incident pancreatic cancer cases. Factors that predicted incident pancreatic cancer after 1-year of follow-up included obesity (hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.2–6.1) and duct dilatation (hazard ratio 10.5, 95% confidence limit: 4.0–27). Five-year incidence of pancreatic cancer in this population with duct dilatation was 6.3%.

DISCUSSION:
High incidence of pancreatic cancer in suspected patients with CP with pancreatic duct dilatation warrants regular surveillance for pancreatic cancer.
The extended internal QC (eIQC): a new practical approach for quality assurance in point-of-care glucose testing using the POCTopus Software – a pilot study
Authors: von Meyer Alexander , Luppa Peter B. , Cadamuro Janne 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Quality assurance (QA) in point-of-care testing (POCT) is an important issue for organizing POCT structures within the healthcare sector. In Germany, only one device needs to participate in an external QA program, if the responsible core laboratory is supervising internal quality controls of all other identical POCT devices. This flexible definition of quality control (QC) testing is in line with the fundamentals of ISO 22870 and the ISO 15189, but can only be regarded as a minimum requirement.

Methods
We present a pilot study for an inexpensive new approach for additional POCT QC measurement similar to the external QA program within the medical laboratory using capillary glucose measurement as an example. This new system, referred to as “extended internal QC (eIQC)”, uses in-house generated QC material from leftover full blood from routine diagnostics. We provide information on calculation of target values and acceptance ranges and preliminary data on stability and comparison between POCT and core laboratory testing (COBAS 8000). Additionally, we simulated the approach using three devices within the laboratory as surrogate for three POCT sites. In this pilot study, measurements of QC material beyond the mandatory QA plan are structured and optimized through the use of the POCTopus Software solution.

Results
QC material was easily generated including specification of target values. The software aided in automatized processing of the samples. The software showed limitations in evaluation and monitoring without relevant use of resources. We found a significant bias between measurements on POCT and COBAS 8000 instruments.

Conclusions
The presented new approach for additional QAs for POCT enables POCT coordinators to establish an additional safety and QC level. Further software improvements are required. Further studies are needed for validation and comparison measurements between methods. Overall, this approach offers great potential for POCT structures seeking higher quality standards.
СИСТЕМНО-ІНТЕГРОВАНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ОБДАРОВАНОСТІ ОСОБИСТОСТІ НА РІЗНИХ ЕТАПАХ ЇЇ ОНТОГЕНЕЗУ
Authors: Добровольська Наталія 
Published: April 2020

У статті розкрито можливості застосування системно-інтегрованого підходу до вивчення проблеми обдарованості особистості на різних етапах її онтогенезу. Зокрема з позицій системно-інтегрованого підходу виявлено ​​загальну структуру психорегуляційних компонентів обдарованої особис­тості. Розглянуто структуру соціально-психологічних проявів обдарованої особистості і визначено їх внесок у загальну регуляцію навчальної діяльності; виявлено ​​ієрархію домінантних цінностей і мотивів обдарованих підлітків і визначено типологію обдарованих дітей з розкриттям змістовних і структурних характеристик кожного з типів; сформульовано психодіагностичні критерії особистісних характеристик, які сприяють регуляції навчальної діяльності і показано значущість ціннісних орієнтацій для оптимального розкриття здібностей обдарованих учнів; розроблено спеціальну програму соціально-психологічного супроводу процесу становлення обдарованої особистості. Індивідуальні відмінності компонентів психічної регуляції навчальної діяльності дозволили виокремити групу обдарованих респондентів з продуктивною мотиваційною складовою психічної регуляції такої діяльності та досліджуваних з непродуктивною мотиваційною складовою психічної регуляції навчальної діяльності. Показано, що реалізація системного підходу в цій галузі вимагає не тільки реконструкції наявних концепцій обдарованості, а й розробки нових технологічних рішень – комплексу засобів, здатних фіксувати досліджуваний предмет як багатовимірний, цілісний і змінюваний у часі, зокрема залежно від різних умов навчання. Програма соціально-психологічного супроводу, побудована на принципах системно-інтегрованого підходу та спрямована на становлення мотиваційної складової механізму психічної регуляції навчальної діяльності обдарованої особистості, довела свою ефективність у напрямку підвищення показників творчої мотивації, творчої спрямованості, рефлексивності, здатності до комбінування, дивергентного мислення, свободи продукування асоціацій, винахідливості, самооцінки, саморегуляції.