bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-sustained planar intercalations due to mechanosignaling feedbacks lead to robust axis extension during morphogenesis
Authors: Anbari Samira , Buceta Javier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTissue elongation is a necessary process in metazoans to implement their body plans that is not fully understood. Here we propose a mechanism based on the interplay between cellular mechanics and primordia patterning that results in self-sustained planar intercalations. Thus, we show that a location-dependent modulation of the mechanical properties of cells leads to robust axis extension. To illustrate the plausibility of this mechanism, we test it against different patterning models by means of computer simulations of tissues where we implemented mechano-signaling feedbacks. Our results suggest that robust elongation relies on a trade-off between cellular and tissue strains that is orchestrated through the cleavage orientation. In the particular context of axis extension in Turing-patterned tissues, we report that different directional cell activities cooperate synergetically to achieve elongation. Altogether, our findings help to understand how the axis extension phenomenon emerges from the dynamics of individual cells.
Spa therapy with physical rehabilitation is an alternative to usual spa therapy protocol in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Rat Anne-Christine , Loeuille Damien , Vallata Amandine , Bernard Lorraine , Spitz Emmanuel , Desvignes Alexandra , Boulange Michel , Paysant Jean , Guillemin Francis , Chary-Valckenaere Isabelle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of the study was to demonstrate the non-inferiority of low-frequency spa therapy combined with rehabilitation (Spa-rehab) versus standard spa therapy at 6 months for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA). A prospective, randomized, monocenter, non-inferiority trial with recruitment of community-based symptomatic KOA patients was performed. Standard spa therapy comprised standardized spa treatment, 6 days a week for 3 weeks, and Spa-rehab therapy comprised spa sessions, 3 days a week for 3 weeks, followed by a dedicated rehabilitation program, 3 days a week for 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was achieving at 6 months a minimal clinically important improvement (MCII) for pain on a visual analog scale and/or an MCII for function on the WOMAC index and no knee surgery (composite MCII). Secondary endpoints were composite MCII at 3 months and achieving a Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) for pain and function at 3 and 6 months. Among 283 patients included, 145 were allocated to standard spa therapy and 138 to Spa-rehab therapy. We could not demonstrate the non-inferiority of Spa-rehab therapy for the primary endpoint: difference for responders − 0.08 [90% CI (− 0.18 to 0.02), p = 0.14]. However, the difference test between the groups was not significant (p = 0.18). Spa-rehab therapy was not inferior to standard spa therapy for the composite MCII at 3 months or the PASS at 3 and 6 months. Spa-rehab therapy can reasonably be proposed to patients with symptomatic KOA. This protocol may be more cost-effective than standard spa therapy and avoid absenteeism from work and accommodation costs for patients who live close to a centre.
Nanoscale trace metal imprinting of biocalcification of planktic foraminifers by Toba’s super-eruption
Authors: Lemelle L. , Bartolini A. , Simionovici A. , Tucoulou R. , De Nolf W. , Bassinot F. , de Garidel-Thoron T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBioactive metal releases in ocean surface water, such as those by ash falls during volcanic super-eruptions, might have a potentially toxic impact on biocalcifier planktic microorganisms. Nano-XRF imaging with the cutting-edge synchrotron hard X-ray nano-analysis ID16B beamline (ESRF) revealed for the first time a specific Zn- and Mn-rich banding pattern in the test walls of Globorotalia menardii planktic foraminifers extracted from the Young Toba Tuff layer, and thus contemporaneous with Toba’s super-eruption, 74,000 years ago. The intra-test correlation of Zn and Mn patterns at the nanoscale with the layered calcareous microarchitecture, indicates that the incorporation of these metals is syngenetic to the wall growth. The preferential Mn and Zn sequestration within the incipient stages of chamber formation suggests a selective incorporation mechanism providing a resilience strategy to metal pollution in the test building of planktic foraminifers.
A new method to control error rates in automated species identification with deep learning algorithms
Authors: Villon Sébastien , Mouillot David , Chaumont Marc , Subsol Gérard , Claverie Thomas , Villéger Sébastien 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProcessing data from surveys using photos or videos remains a major bottleneck in ecology. Deep Learning Algorithms (DLAs) have been increasingly used to automatically identify organisms on images. However, despite recent advances, it remains difficult to control the error rate of such methods. Here, we proposed a new framework to control the error rate of DLAs. More precisely, for each species, a confidence threshold was automatically computed using a training dataset independent from the one used to train the DLAs. These species-specific thresholds were then used to post-process the outputs of the DLAs, assigning classification scores to each class for a given image including a new class called “unsure”. We applied this framework to a study case identifying 20 fish species from 13,232 underwater images on coral reefs. The overall rate of species misclassification decreased from 22% with the raw DLAs to 2.98% after post-processing using the thresholds defined to minimize the risk of misclassification. This new framework has the potential to unclog the bottleneck of information extraction from massive digital data while ensuring a high level of accuracy in biodiversity assessment.
Functional and transcriptional characterization of complex neuronal co-cultures
Authors: Enright Heather A. , Lam Doris , Sebastian Aimy , Sales Ana Paula , Cadena Jose , Hum Nicholas R. , Osburn Joanne J. , Peters Sandra K. G. , Petkus Bryan , Soscia David A. , Kulp Kristen S. , Loots Gabriela G. , Wheeler Elizabeth K. , Fischer Nicholas O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBrain-on-a-chip systems are designed to simulate brain activity using traditional in vitro cell culture on an engineered platform. It is a noninvasive tool to screen new drugs, evaluate toxicants, and elucidate disease mechanisms. However, successful recapitulation of brain function on these systems is dependent on the complexity of the cell culture. In this study, we increased cellular complexity of traditional (simple) neuronal cultures by co-culturing with astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (complex culture). We evaluated and compared neuronal activity (e.g., network formation and maturation), cellular composition in long-term culture, and the transcriptome of the two cultures. Compared to simple cultures, neurons from complex co-cultures exhibited earlier synapse and network development and maturation, which was supported by localized synaptophysin expression, up-regulation of genes involved in mature neuronal processes, and synchronized neural network activity. Also, mature oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes were only detected in complex cultures upon transcriptomic analysis of age-matched cultures. Functionally, the GABA antagonist bicuculline had a greater influence on bursting activity in complex versus simple cultures. Collectively, the cellular complexity of brain-on-a-chip systems intrinsically develops cell type-specific phenotypes relevant to the brain while accelerating the maturation of neuronal networks, important features underdeveloped in traditional cultures.
Spatiotemporal clustering analysis of Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccination coverage in Pakistan
Authors: Umer Muhammad Farooq , Zofeen Shumaila , Hu Wenbiao , Qi Xin , Zhuang Guihua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUniversal vaccination coverage is still far from desired targets in many global regions including Pakistan, despite the success stories and its scientifically proven benefits. EPI Pakistan vaccination coverage data 2012–2016, at district level was collected from Federal EPI Pakistan. District-wise population data were collected from Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive statistics and sequence plots were performed in SPSS 13.0. Purely spatial scanning analysis was done in SaTScan 9.4.4 using discrete Poisson model for detection of low vaccination coverage clusters. Geographical information system (GIS) was used to display spatial patterns and clusters of low vaccination coverage districts in Pakistan. Average annual EPI vaccination coverage in each study year were; 70.98 in 2012, 69.39% in 2013, 66.74% in 2014, 61.47% in 2015, and 67.01% in 2016, respectively. Cumulative average national vaccination rate (2012–2016) for all types of EPI vaccines was 60.60%. Average national vaccination rate for BCG, OPV3, pentavalent3 and measles1 was 67.12%, 58.53%, 58.47%, and 58.29%, respectively. Spatial cluster analysis demonstrated that most of low coverage districts for BCG, OPV3 and pentavalent3 were from FATA and KPK; while measles1 low coverage districts belonged to Balochistan. Future research should probe factors involved in low vaccination coverage in high risk districts.
A novel silkworm infection model with fluorescence imaging using transgenic Trichosporon asahii expressing eGFP
Authors: Matsumoto Yasuhiko , Yamazaki Hideki , Yamasaki Yusuke , Tateyama Yuki , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Sugita Takashi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTrichosporon asahii is a pathogenic fungus that causes deep mycosis in patients with neutropenia. Establishing an experimental animal model for quantitatively evaluating pathogenicity and developing a genetic recombination technology will help to elucidate the infection mechanism of T. asahii and promote the development of antifungal drugs. Here we established a silkworm infection model with a transgenic T. asahii strain expressing eGFP. Injecting T. asahii into silkworms eventually killed the silkworms. Moreover, the administration of antifungal agents, such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole, prolonged the survival time of silkworms infected with T. asahii. A transgenic T. asahii strain expressing eGFP was obtained using a gene recombination method with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The T. asahii strain expressing eGFP showed hyphal formation in the silkworm hemolymph. Both hyphal growth and the inhibition of hyphal growth by the administration of antifungal agents were quantitatively estimated by monitoring fluorescence. Our findings suggest that a silkworm infection model using T. asahii expressing eGFP is useful for evaluating both the pathogenicity of T. asahii and the efficacy of antifungal drugs.
Rare polyandry and common monogamy in the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans
Authors: Sato Noriyosi , Tsuda Sei-Ichiro , Nur E. Alam Md. , Sasanami Tomohiro , Iwata Yoko , Kusama Satoshi , Inamura Osamu , Yoshida Masa-aki , Hirohashi Noritaka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn cephalopods, all species are considered to be polyandrous because of their common life history and reproductive traits reflecting a polyandrous mating system. Contrary to this belief, here we show several lines of evidence for monogamy in the firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans. In this species, females are capable of long-term storage of spermatangia, and of egg spawning even after the complete disappearance of males following the breeding season. The stored spermatangia are distributed equally between bilateral pouches under the female’s neck collar. Such a nonrandom pattern of sperm storage prompted us to hypothesize that females might engage in lifetime monandry. Hence, we genotyped female-stored spermatangia and offspring, and found that in 95% of females (18/19), all the spermatangia had been delivered from a single male and all the embryos in a clutch had been sired by spermatozoa from stored spermatangia. In males, throughout the reproductive season, relative testis mass was much smaller in W. scintillans than in all other cephalopods examined previously. The mean number of male-stored spermatophores was ~ 30, equivalent to only 2.5 matings. Our genetic, demographic and morphometrical data agree with a mathematical model predicting that monogyny is favored when potential mates are scarce. Together, these results suggest mutual monogamy in W. scintillans.
Iron oxides nanobelt arrays rooted in nanoporous surface of carbon tube textile as stretchable and robust electrodes for flexible supercapacitors with ultrahigh areal energy density and remarkable cycling-stability
Authors: Ding Yuying , Tang Shaochun , Han Rubing , Zhang Sheng , Pan Guanjun , Meng Xiangkang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report a significant advance toward the rational design and fabrication of stretchable and robust flexible electrodes with favorable hierarchical architectures constructed by homogeneously distributed α-Fe2O3 nanobelt arrays rooted in the surface layer of nanoporous carbon tube textile (NPCTT). New insight into alkali activation assisted surface etching of carbon and in-situ catalytic anisotropic growth is proposed, and is experimentally demonstrated by the synthesis of the Fe2O3 nanobelt arrays/NPCTT. The Fe2O3/NPCTT electrode shows excellent flexibility and great stretchability, especially has a high specific areal capacitance of 1846 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 and cycling stability with only 4.8% capacitance loss over 10,000 cycles at a high current density of 20 mA cm−2. A symmetric solid-state supercapacitor with the Fe2O3/NPCTT achieves an operating voltage of 1.75 V and a ultrahigh areal energy density of 176 µWh cm−2 (at power density of 748 µW cm−2), remarkable cycling stability, and outstanding reliability with no capacity degradation under repeated large-angle twisting. Such unique architecture improves both mechanical robustness and electrical conductivity, and allows a strong synergistic attribution of Fe2O3 and NPCTT. The synthetic method can be extended to other composites such as MnO nanosheet arrays/NPCTT and Co3O4 nanowire arrays/NPCTT. This work opens up a new pathway to the design of high-performance devices for wearable electronics.
Increasing trends in childhood overweight have mostly reversed: 30 years of continuous surveillance of Slovenian youth
Authors: Sorić Maroje , Jurak Gregor , Đurić Saša , Kovač Marjeta , Strel Janko , Starc Gregor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to describe trends in overweight and obesity among Slovenian youth for the period 1989–2018. Nearly all schoolchildren in Slovenia had their height and weight measured annually, which lead to a total of 6,738,510 data-points during the 30-year period. The IOTF cut-off points and Joinpoint regression were used to examine annual percent change (APC) in overweight and obesity prevalence across 3 age groups (7–10, 11–14 and 15–18 years). Obesity approximately tripled, while overweight doubled between 1989 and late 2000s in both genders. Since then overweight has been steadily decreasing in all 3 age groups for boys and in 7–10-year-old girls. Obesity has also been declining since 2009, but only in the youngest boys and girls (APC = − 1.9, 95% CI = − 3.2 to − 0.6 and APC = − 1.6, 95% CI = − 3.0 to − 0.2, respectively). Unfavourable trends were noted only in 15–18-year-old girls, with obesity rising at an unchanged rate over the past 30 years (APC = 4.8, 95% CI = 4.5–5.1). Overweight and obesity among Slovenian youth has increased dramatically over the last 3 decades. Still, during the last decade this rise has been reversed or at least stopped. This reversal of trends was more marked in boys than in girls, and in young children compared to adolescents.
Localization of quantitative trait loci for cucumber fruit shape by a population of chromosome segment substitution lines
Authors: Wang Xiangfei , Li Hao , Gao Zhihui , Wang Lina , Ren Zhonghai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCucumber fruit shape, a significant agronomic trait, is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Feasibility of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) is well demonstrated to map QTLs, especially the minor-effect ones. To detect and identify QTLs with CSSLs can provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms regarding cucumber fruit shape. In the present study, 71 CSSLs were built from a population of backcross progeny (BC4F2) by using RNS7 (a round-fruit cucumber) as the recurrent parent and CNS21 (a long-stick-fruit cucumber) as the donor parent in order to globally detect QTLs for cucumber fruit shape. With the aid of 114 InDel markers covering the whole cucumber genome, 21 QTLs were detected for fruit shape-related traits including ovary length, ovary diameter, ovary shape index, immature fruit length, immature fruit diameter, immature fruit shape index, mature fruit length, mature fruit diameter and mature fruit shape index, and 4 QTLs for other traits including fruit ground and flesh color, and seed size were detected as well. Together our results provide important resources for the subsequent theoretical and applied researches on cucumber fruit shape and other traits.
Geometric regulation of histone state directs melanoma reprogramming
Authors: Lee Junmin , Molley Thomas G. , Seward Christopher H. , Abdeen Amr A. , Zhang Huimin , Wang Xiaochun , Gandhi Hetvi , Yang Jia-Lin , Gaus Katharina , Kilian Kristopher A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMalignant melanoma displays a high degree of cellular plasticity during disease progression. Signals in the tumor microenvironment are believed to influence melanoma plasticity through changes in the epigenetic state to guide dynamic differentiation and de-differentiation. Here we uncover a relationship between geometric features at perimeter regions of melanoma aggregates, and reprogramming to a stem cell-like state through histone marks H3K4Me2 and H3K9Ac. Using an in vitro tumor microengineering approach, we find spatial enrichment of these histone modifications with concurrent expression of stemness markers. The epigenetic modifier PRDM14 overlaps with H3K9Ac and shows elevated expression in cells along regions of perimeter curvature. siRNA knockdown of PRDM14 abolishes the MIC phenotype suggesting a role in regulating melanoma heterogeneity. Our results suggest mechanotransduction at the periphery of melanoma aggregates may orchestrate the activity of epigenetic modifiers to regulate histone state, cellular plasticity, and tumorigenicity.
Reconstituted cell-free protein synthesis using in vitro transcribed tRNAs
Authors: Hibi Keita , Amikura Kazuaki , Sugiura Naoki , Masuda Keiko , Ohno Satoshi , Yokogawa Takashi , Ueda Takuya , Shimizu Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEntire reconstitution of tRNAs for active protein production in a cell-free system brings flexibility into the genetic code engineering. It can also contribute to the field of cell-free synthetic biology, which aims to construct self-replicable artificial cells. Herein, we developed a system equipped only with in vitro transcribed tRNA (iVTtRNA) based on a reconstituted cell-free protein synthesis (PURE) system. The developed system, consisting of 21 iVTtRNAs without nucleotide modifications, is able to synthesize active proteins according to the redesigned genetic code. Manipulation of iVTtRNA composition in the system enabled genetic code rewriting. Introduction of modified nucleotides into specific iVTtRNAs demonstrated to be effective for both protein yield and decoding fidelity, where the production yield of DHFR reached about 40% of the reaction with native tRNA at 30°C. The developed system will prove useful for studying decoding processes, and may be employed in genetic code and protein engineering applications.
Wie unterscheiden sich Bedürfnisse und Versorgung in der SAPV in Abhängigkeit von der Grunderkrankung? Auswertungen aus dem Nationalen Hospiz- und Palliativregister
Authors: Kaiser Florian , Zimmermann Sandra , Jansky Maximiliane , Andreas Stefan , Alt-Epping Bernd 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Patienten mit nicht-malignen Grunderkrankungen gelten in den Strukturen der spezialisierten Palliativversorgung als unterrepräsentiert, und es steht zur Diskussion, welches Strukturformat am ehesten dem spezifischen Unterstützungsbedarf dieser Patienten entgegenkommt.
Methodik Wir analysierten daher 8078 (bzw. 6913 verwertbare) Datensätze aus den Jahren 2011–2018 aus dem Nationalen Hospiz- und Palliativregister von Patienten, die in der Spezialisierten Ambulanten Palliativversorgung mitbetreut wurden und differenzierten je nach Grunderkrankung. Die Auswertung erfolgte statistisch deskriptiv.
Ergebnisse Bei allen Gruppen von Grunderkrankungen zeigten sich ein vergleichbares Spektrum an physischen Symptomen und psychosozialen Belastungen, mit einigen (wenigen) grunderkrankungsspezifischen Differenzen sowie vergleichbaren Besserungen mancher Symptome innerhalb des Versorgungszeitraums. Bei der Dokumentation des Sterbeorts zeigte sich eine deutliche Dominanz onkologischer Patienten in Palliativstationen und Hospizen.
Diskussion Bei einem vielfach homogenen Bild zeigen sich nur wenige Differenzen zwischen dem Unterstützungsbedarf von Patienten mit nicht-malignen Grunderkrankungen im Vergleich zu Krebspatienten. Diese Befunde sollten dennoch bei der Ausgestaltung palliativmedizinischer Strukturen berücksichtigt werden.
Synthetic Advances in the C–H Activation of Rigid Scaffold Molecules
Authors: Senge Mathias O. , Grover Nitika 
Published: July 2020

The remarkable structural and electronic properties of rigid non-conjugated hydrocarbons afford attractive opportunities to design molecular building blocks for both medicinal and material applications. The bridgehead positions provide the possibility to append diverse functional groups at specific angles and in specific orientations. The current review summarizes the synthetic development in CH functionalization of three rigid scaffolds namely: (a) cubane, (b) bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP), (c) adamantane.1	Introduction2	Cubane2.1	Cubane Synthesis2.2	Cubane Functionalization3	Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP)3.1	BCP Synthesis3.2	BCP Functionalization4	Adamantane4.1	Adamantane Synthesis4.2	Adamantane Functionalization5	Conclusions and Outlook