bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of gestational age using fetal liver morphometry
Authors: D. Agnihotri , SL Jethani , A. Dubey , D. Singh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and Aim: The liver is a large organ in the body. Its various parameters can be utilized in determining the gestational age of the fetus and also in diagnosing pathologies affecting liver growth. The aim is to measure the various liver parameters in non deformed fetuses and to develop regression equations between the liver parameters and the gestational age. Materials and methods: The study was done on 30 aborted fetuses with varying gestational age from 13 to 32 weeks. Fetuses with any gross abnormalities were excluded. The crown rump length was measured for all. Dissection was done and the livers were removed weighed, length of right border, length of the border, width of superior surface, distance of porta hepatis to the right and left border were recorded using manual vernier caliper. Result: The various parameters of the liver showed a strong correlation with the CRL and hence the gestational age. Conclusion: The determination of the gestational age of the fetus using the correlation between the crown rump length and the liver morphometry can be done accurately.
Case of peroneus digiti quinti muscle
Authors: Teli Chandrika G. , Kadlimattix H S 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLateral compartment muscles of the leg have shown variations like peroneus accessorius, peroneus quartus or peroneus digiti quinti with varied incidences and varied insertions. Here we report a case of peroneus digiti quinti which arose from peroneus brevis tendon and sheath covering it. The small belly moved forwards, diverting from peroneus brevis, midway between peroneus brevis and peroneus tertius, finally inserting on the dorsal digital expansion of fifth toe. Length of muscle belly and tendon were 2.01 cm and 6.5 cm respectively. It was also observed that when traction was applied to peroneus brevis, partial extension of the fifth toe was seen, suggesting functional need to evert and extend the little toe simultaneously.
An early chick embryo as learning model for study of embryology
Authors: Mishrikoti Harsh P , Kulkarni Umesh К 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: In medical education, learning happens by variety of perceptions. In basic science Anatomy, visualization of real structures gives rich learning experience. This type seems deficient in human embryology, that too in the early phases. Aim: With the basic concept of'ontogeny repeats phylogeny', for the enrichment of learning early embryology, chick embryos have been used. Materials and methods: 30 commercially available chicken eggs and 30 Gallus domesticus [country chicken] eggs collected from nearby villages were hatched for embryos to whole mount, fix and stain. Results: Successful hatching rates were more in favour of Gallus domesticus eggs [76%] compared to others [26%] Conclusion: This experiment guides the easiest and simplest possible ways to successfully establish the learning module for early embryology in departmental setup using Gallus domesticus eggs. Observation of brain swellings, heart swelling optic vesicle, nasal pit, pharyngeal clefts, neural tube, somites and limb buds, vitelline vessels provide valuable learning experience by direct interaction with the real environment. This bridges the gap of seeing what is not usually observed and strengthens educational embryology
A study on pulmonary venous ostia pattern in the left atrium and its clinical applications
Authors: S. Rajesh , S. Vijaya Kumar , V. Manikanda Reddy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background & aims : Normally four pulmonary veins open into the left atrium. Frequently there are variations in the number of pulmonary veins opening in to the left atrium. Ectopic beats in atrial fibrillation commonly originates from the ostia of the pulmonary veins. The treatment of atrial fibrillation is by radio frequency ablation of the focus of origin and hence the knowledge of anatomical variation of pulmonary veins is necessary to find the ectopic focus in the origin of atrial fibrillation. Materials and Method : In this study the variation of pulmonary venous ostia pattern in the left atrium was studied in 80 formalin fixed adult cadaveric hearts. Results and Conclusion : 63 hearts showed no variation in the pulmonary venous ostia pattem which accounts for 78.75%, rest of the 17 hearts showed variation in the pulmonary venous ostia which accounts for 21.25%, the variation in the number of pulmonary veins was slightly higher for the left side [11.25%] when compared to the right sided variation [ 10%], the number of hearts which showed bilateral variation was noted in 2 hearts - both showed a single pulmonary vein opening on either side which accounts for 2.5%
Correlation ‘K’ of foot length with crown rump length in fetuses : an anthropometric study from Kumaun region
Authors: Jaiswal Anamika , Kaushik Ankit , Singh A К 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aims : Estimation of gestational age [GA] is of prime importance for favorable pregnancy outcome. Foot length is an important and under utilized marker of GA estimation. In this anthropometric study, the foot length of right and left foot was measured and correlated with crown rump length [CRL] to find out whether foot length shows correlation with CRL and act as a reliable marker for assessment of GA. Materials and method: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India. The material used for this study was 72 fetuses of different GA. The foot length of right and left foot was measured from the posterior most point of the heel of the feet to the second toe. The length of the feet was compared with CRL. The correlation and association of length of both feet with CRL was done. Observation: The right and left foot length increased with increase in the CRL. The mean foot length of right and left foot was found to be almost equal with a mean of 5.3 cm for both feet. Pearson correlation coefficient of both sides foot length and CRL showed strong positive correlation with a statistically significant association. Conclusionrin this study on 72 fetuses, both foot length was found to have a strong correlation with CRL. Foot length can act as an adjunct for estimation of GA. Foot length can differentiate between preterm and term baby. Foot length measurement is also useful in medicolegal purposes
The biblical roots of English ‘love’
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeen from a broad cross-linguistic perspective, the English verb(to) loveis quite unusual because it has very broad scope: it can apply to a mother’s love, a husband’s love, a sister’s love, etc. without any restrictions whatsoever; and the same applies to its counterparts in many other European languages. Trying to locate the origins of this phenomenon, I have looked to the Bible. Within the Bible, I have found both continuity and innovation. In the Hebrew Bible, the verb ’āhēb, rendered in the Greek translation of the Old Testament known as the Septuagint with the verbagapao, implies a “preferential love”, e.g. it is used for a favourite wife of a favourite son. In the New Testament, the concept of ‘love’ loses the “preferential” components and thus becomes applicable across the board: between anybody and anybody else.The paper argues that the very broad meaning of verbs likelovein English,aimerin French,liebenin German, etc. reflects a shared conceptual heritage of many European languages, with its roots in the New Testament; and it shows that by taking a semantic perspective on these historical developments, and exploring them through the rigorous framework of NSM and Minimal English, we can arrive at clear and verifiable hypotheses about a theme which is of great general interest, regardless of one’s own religious and philosophical views and commitments.
Integrative social robotics, value-driven design, and transdisciplinarity
Authors: Seibt Johanna , Flensborg Damholdt Malene , Vestergaard Christina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract“Integrative Social Robotics” (ISR) is a new approach or general method for generating social robotics applications in a responsible and “culturally sustainable” fashion. Currently social robotics is caught in a basic difficulty we call the “triple gridlock of description, evaluation, and regulation”. We briefly recapitulate this problem and then present the core ideas of ISR in the form of five principles that should guide the development of applications in social robotics. Characteristic of ISR is to intertwine a mixed method approach (i.e., conducting experimental, quantitative, qualitative, and phenomenological research for the same envisaged application) with conceptual and axiological analysis as required in professional studies in applied ethics; moreover, ISR is value-drivenand abides by the “Non-Replacement Principle”:Social robots may only do what humans should but cannot do. We briefly compare ISR to other value-sensitive or value-directed design models, with a view to the task of overcoming the triple gridlock. Finally, working from an advanced classification of pluridiscplinary research, we argue that ISR establishes a research format that can turn social robotics into a new transdiscipline.
Rhetorical imaginings and multimodal arguments at the European Green Belt
Authors: Allison Marcia , Bloomfield Emma Frances 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe analyze the visual, verbal, and material arguments present at the European Green Belt (EGB), a contemporary conservation project built from the former Iron Curtain. The EGB presents itself as a “living memorial” that fuses together former warring countries and thus makes an argument for the unity of Europe. To analyze this incredibly diverse and rhetorically significant project, we put the digital representations of the site and the discourse around the EGB into conversation with situated, rhetorical criticism performed along the EGB site itself. We analyze the EGB’s different argumentative juxtapositions regarding history and memory, nonhuman nature and technology, peace and war, memorial and tourism, and preservation and restoration. Overall, we find that the transformation of the Iron Curtain from divisive border into a European-wide, transboundary biodiversity conservation project uses transcendence as a key argumentative structure, which has implications for how we understand the human relationship with the environment, history, and memory
Extracellular microRNAs in blood differentiate between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke subtypes
Authors: Kalani M. Yashar S. , Alsop Eric , Meechoovet Bessie , Beecroft Taylor , Agrawal Komal , Whitsett Timothy G. , Huentelman Matthew J. , Spetzler Robert F. , Nakaji Peter , Kim Seungchan , Van Keuren‐Jensen Kendall 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTRapid identification of patients suffering from cerebral ischaemia, while excluding intracerebral haemorrhage, can assist with patient triage and expand patient access to chemical and mechanical revascularization. We sought to identify blood‐based, extracellular microRNAs 15 (ex‐miRNAs) derived from extracellular vesicles associated with major stroke subtypes using clinical samples from subjects with spontaneous intraparenchymal haemorrhage (IPH), aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and ischaemic stroke due to cerebral vessel occlusion. We collected blood from patients presenting with IPH (n = 19), SAH (n = 17) and ischaemic stroke (n = 21). We isolated extracellular vesicles from plasma, extracted RNA cargo, 20 sequenced the small RNAs and performed bioinformatic analyses to identify ex‐miRNA biomarkers predictive of the stroke subtypes. Sixty‐seven miRNAs were significantly variant across the stroke subtypes. A subset of exmiRNAs differed between haemorrhagic and ischaemic strokes, and LASSO analysis could distinguish SAH from the other subtypes with an accuracy of 0.972 ± 0.002. Further analyses predicted 25 miRNA classifiers that stratify IPH from ischaemic stroke with an accuracy of 0.811 ± 0.004 and distinguish haemorrhagic from ischaemic stroke with an accuracy of 0.813 ± 0.003. Blood‐based, ex‐miRNAs have predictive value, and could be capable of distinguishing between major stroke subtypes with refinement and validation. Such a biomarker could one day aid in the triage of patients to expand the pool eligible for effective treatment.
First, second, third and fourth flow harmonics of deuterons and protons in Au+Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV
Authors: Hillmann Paula , Steinheimer Jan , Reichert Tom , Gaebel Vincent , Bleicher Marcus , Sombun Sukanya , Herold Christoph , Limphirat Ayut 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We explore the directed, elliptic, triangular and quadrangular flow of deuterons in Au+Au reactions at a beam energy of 1.23 AGeV within the UrQMD approach. These investigations are of direct relevance for the HADES experiment at GSI that has recently presented first data on the flow of light clusters in Au+Au collisions at 1.23 AGeV. To address the deuteron flow, UrQMD has been extended to include deuteron formation by coalescence. We find that this ansatz provides a very good description of the measured deuteron flow data, if a hard equation of state is used for the simulation. In addition we show that light cluster formation has a sizable impact on the proton flow and has to be taken into account to obtain reliable results in the forward/backward region. Based on the observed scaling of the flow, which is a natural result of coalescence, we conclude that deuteron production at GSI energies is a final state recombination effect. Finally, we also discuss the scaling relations of the higher order flow components up to v
4. We show that v
3 ∼ v
1
v
2 and

v

4

∼

v

2

2

as function of transverse momentum and that the integrated

v

2

2

∼

v

4

over the investigated energy range from E
lab = 0.1 AGeV to 40 AGeV.
Atom-by-atom construction of attractors in a tunable finite size spin array
Authors: Kolmus A , Katsnelson M I , Khajetoorians A A , Kappen H J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate that a two-dimensional finite and periodic array of Ising spins coupled via RKKY-like exchange can exhibit tunable magnetic states ranging across three distinct magnetic regimes: (1) a conventional ferromagnetic regime, (2) a glass-like regime, and (3) a new multi-well regime. These magnetic regimes can be tuned by one gate-like parameter, namely the ratio between the lattice constant and the oscillating interaction wavelength. We characterize the various magnetic regimes, quantifying the distribution of low energy states, aging relaxation dynamics, and scaling behavior. The glassy and multi-well behavior results from the competing character of the oscillating long-range exchange interactions with respect to the lattice. The multi-well structure features multiple attractors, each with a sizable basin of attraction. This may open the possible application of such atomic arrays as associative memories.
Mitigation of traffic pollution emissions in the built environment: a real-time flow actuated tool for on ramp management
Authors: Mitkas Danae - Zoe , Politis Ioannis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Highways are increasingly common in today’s built environment and contribute majorly in environmental pollution. Mitigation strategies have been developed to decrease the traffic volume but have not been as effective, since the need for car use in transportation keeps growing. The key is to create an efficient road network which will allow the same traffic volume to flow through, with a reduced environmental impact. The main goals of this paper include the investigation and evaluation of alternative ramp metering scenarios on a freeway on-ramp and the development of a “smart” signal controller, with the use of PTV Vissim microsimulation software. A specific area was selected for the implementation of this study. More precisely, interchange K8 on the Ring road of Thessaloniki was chosen, in which, measurements of traffic volume were taken using a drone to record the traffic. Using the Vissim platform, a software model was created and evaluated to determine its accuracy compared to the existing situation. Different scenarios were developed, and the function of the interchange was observed, as well as the percentage of emissions. In the first set of scenarios, the traffic volume was increased by certain percentage and the results were collected and examined. Next, two new scenarios with the use of ramp metering were developed and a traffic signal was placed on the on-ramp. In the first of these two scenarios, a traffic signal light with a fixed-time traffic program was placed, whereas in the second one, a vehicle-actuated signal light was created, with the use of the VisVAP add-on. A flow chart was generated and used to program the signal light, so that each time high traffic volume was detected by the detectors that were placed in the expressway, the red light was activated. After all the scenarios were created and examined, certain KPI’s regarding CO, NOx and VOC emissions and fuel consumption, as well as other traffic related data, were collected and used for the overall evaluation. The results from the use of the ramp meter, either the fixed-time or the vehicle-actuated, showed that a ramp meter can be very useful in the improvement of the traffic conditions and may have a positive environmental impact, by reducing emissions even up to 70%.
Microclimate profile and contribution of air conditioning to local heat island effects at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki main campus
Authors: Gavros A , Karatzas K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh) main campus is characterized mainly by its building volume, the energy fluxes serving campus needs and resulting from campus operations, and the local climatic conditions. In an effort to investigate the effects of the existence and operation of the AUTh main campus to the local climate of the Greater Thessaloniki Area (GTA), we applied a heat island effect related methodology to identify its subareas that belong to specific urban climate zones. This identification was supported by meteorological observations that identified specific characteristics of the urban heat island effect within the campus. As a next step, we investigated the influence of the air conditioning (AC) operation in AUTh to the local climate. For doing so we firstly estimated the actual AC cooling power installed in the campus. Then we employed the cooling degree days method to identify the overall AC operational profile during the summer period. On this basis, we calculated the total volume of heated air produced by the external AC units in the campus. Overall, we were able to identify three climate zones within the AUTh campus, and to estimate that local heat production from AC can affect urban climate. These findings are among the first to quantify the impact of specific urban structures and operations (AUTh campus) to the local climate in the GTA. The results of our study can be used for planning interventions at the urban web aiming at levering the burden of campus operation to the microclimate of the city center. The method used in our paper can be applied to wider urban areas in order to identify microclimate profiles and local heat island effects.
Energy Efficiency of Building Technologies and Climate Change using Geographical Information System (GIS): A Case study of use of soil, water and forest/grass in Migori County, Kenya
Authors: Sangori R. , Krhoda G. , Nyandega I. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Demand for building materials and products has increased considerably with the rapid growth of population thereby affecting the carbon sequestration ability of the natural environment. Traditionally, data on building materials use, energy expenditure in their sourcing and processing, and carbon dioxide equivalent generated are lacking in developing countries. The focus of this report, being part of an ongoing study is that direct impact on environment occurs at various stages in the building material usage especially at the extraction and production stages for which energy is expended. Environmental products such as soil, water and timber which are the main carbon sequesters are exploited during the manufacture / or processing of dominant building technologies in Migori thus affecting carbon sequestration potential of the natural ecosystems. The awareness levels amongst the population on energy and resource efficiency in building construction is grossly limited. The Geographical Information System (GIS) on spatial analysis of proximity and neighbourhood tools demonstrated the emerging patterns in terms of soil, water and forest/grass disturbances resulting from the activities of building construction. The ultimate goal is to facilitate formulation of energy efficiency building codes, green building guidelines, improvement of climate change strategy and Action Plan towards Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) enhancement as well as improve knowledge in the relationship between climate change, building and ecosystem linkages between soil, water and forest cover.
Impact of Climate Change on rural development and rural built environment: case study settlements within the Region of the Southern and Eastern Serbia
Authors: Igić M , Mitković P , Dinić Branković M , Đekić J , Mitković M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Great threat to the modern society and built environment is Climate Change (CC), whose impact cannot be observed independently from other factors. This paper discusses the influence of CC on the rural development in Serbia, where about 3/4 territory is rural. Six selected rural settlements: Bojnik, Trgovište, Žitorađa, Golubac, Gadžin Han and Merošina, from the Region of Southern and Eastern Serbia, which is the least developed Region with high percentage of rural areas, were analysed. CC is one of the triggers for migration from rural to urban areas resulting in unfavourable social structure that, along with depopulation, represents a threat to rural development and the CC adaptation, making it a kind of a “wicked” problem. In order to create successful adaptation plans, increase resilience and provide efficient implementation and monitoring processes: (1) Decision making must be on local level and as a long term process with multifunctional - comprehensive approach; (2) Risk assessment and management must be part of every local strategic document - defined contextually depending on the specificity of each municipality; (3) Every municipality has different types and degrees of vulnerabilities, exposure and sensibility, and so measures for adaptations must be “customized” for every settlement depending on the specific spatial, development and natural context.