bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Wirebonding Instrument for Insulated and Coaxial Wires
Authors: Meinhold Mitchell , Gray Caprice , Delisio Jeffery , Kim Ernest , Wells Christian , Torres Daniela , Lewis Peter , Hagerstrom David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A tool has been developed that supports a novel microelectronic integration paradigm whereby interconnects between components are directly established by way of micro-coax wirebonds. A near term use-case of the tool is to facilitate rapid prototyping of high-bandwidth systems. When further matured, it will lead to the ability to rapidly integrate complex systems with hundreds or thousands of interconnects with minimal design time. Automatic stripping and bonding of coax wires having overall diameters between 50 to 150μm presents an array of process challenges that pose interesting demands on the material system of the wire and the bonding tool. This paper will review a micro-coax bonding system that is currently in development at Draper which is able to strip, feed and bond micro coax wire. The system utilizes a combination of electric-flame-off (EFO) and thermal reflow to strip outer metal shielding and polymer dielectric layers respectively. It leverages a rotary wire feed mechanism to precisely control wire position so that pre-determined wire-lengths can be established. Progress in design of the wires, tooling and software control architecture are reviewed.
Controlling Surface Sensitive Processes in Microelectronics Manufacturing to Improve Wire Bonded Joint Reliability
Authors: Kidd E.J. , Campbell Brooke , Dillingham R. Giles 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Validating surface chemical composition and properties of die pad surfaces is crucial for achieving joint reliability in microelectronic wire bonding operations. Die pad surfaces undergo a number of surface sensitive manufacturing steps prior to bonding that will affect joint performance; contact and environmental contaminants from process aids, shipping, handling, storage and out time are all key players in surface degradation. Microelectronics manufacturers may implement cleaning and/or surface activation operations to remediate surfaces from upstream contaminants, however, understanding and quantifying the effect of such processes requires the ability to manipulate and monitor the top few molecular layers of a material responsible for adhesion—the surface.
This presentation will investigate surface chemistries of atmospheric plasma cleaned and non-cleaned die pad surfaces as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface energy measurements via contact angle techniques.
Process advantages of thermosonic wedge-wedge bonding using dosed tool heating
Authors: Hunstig Matthias , Unger Andreas , Brökelmann Michael , Hesse Hans J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thermosonic wire bonding has a number of advantages over “cold” ultrasonic wire bonding. Despite these potential advantages, it is rarely used besides ball-wedge and gold wedge-wedge applications, mostly due to the drawbacks and limitations of available heating technology. A recently introduced novel thermosonic process using a laser-heated bonding tool avoids most of these drawbacks. This contribution presents the results of two series of bonding tests which have used this novel process to bond aluminium and copper heavy wire to sheets of the same metal.
The bond test results prove that thermosonic wedge-wedge bonding with a laser-heated tool has a number of significant advantages in both aluminium and copper wire bonding. It can be used to reduce the process time, to decrease the mechanical stress in the substrate by reducing ultrasound vibration amplitude and/or normal force, and to increase bond strength. These advantages are the same as in classic thermosonic wire bonding, but without the major disadvantage of having to heat to whole package. Because of the high thermal conductivity and capacity of the investigated metal sheet substrates, the observed positive effects of a heated tool are expected to be significantly higher on real-world substrates such as power semiconductors.
Three-Dimensional Thermal Modeling and Management of System on Package with Gold and Nano Based Material
Authors: Khan Be-nazir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A detailed computational fluid dynamic based thermal model and simulation of exposed pad SOIC package on PCB is developed with Nano and gold-based material to characterize the thermal behavior or cooling capability of the package. Achieving lower thermal resistance of electronic packaging is one of the important points of interest in electronic application. In this paper, exposed small outline IC package on PCB is compared with different composition of Au-Sn die attach materials and Nano-foil preform material to understand the thermal behavior of the package which will provide cooling through low thermal resistance between junction-to-case. Thermal reliability of electronic packaging depends on the package design and selection of materials. Package material design plays an important role in thermal management of the product. Nano-based package material can be a good choice to improve the thermal performance of system on package. Developed a 3 D model of exposed small outline IC (E-SOIC) package on a printed circuit board (PCB). Au-Sn solder paste is used as die attach material and Nano-Foil preform is used to develop the system on package (SOP) model of exposed pad SOIC package on PWB. Different types of composition of Au-Sn solder paste, such as 78Au22Sn and 80Au20Sn are considered for die attach purpose. The reason for choosing the AuSn solder paste is good reliability and performance. Au-Sn has higher thermal conductivity than other solder materials, such as Pb-free solder paste, 96.5Sn3.5Ag and leaded solder paste, 37Pb63Sn. Two types of thermal model developed to compare the package material and design of the different die attach materials and Nano-Foil preforms. In this paper simulation and data analysis will show how the optimum thermal management depends on the material selection and design of the system on package (SOP). Surface mount type SOIC package with exposed pad design is selected to enhance the thermal purpose. Gold-tin and Nano-Foil preform will be used as alternative of lead-free package materials.
Mechanical Insertion and Reliability Testing of Thermal Interface Materials for Semiconductor Test and Burn-in Applications
Authors: Saums Dave , Jensen Tim , Gowans Carol , Homer Seth , Hunadi Ron 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Very challenging requirements exist for thermal interface materials (TIMs) for demanding applications I semiconductor testing. Reliability requirements and multiple contact cycling requirements are substantially different and do not exist in traditional applications for TIMs. Developing new material types to meet these very exacting and unusual requirements has been a long-term goal and requires development of an unusual series of test procedures to demonstrate whether the desired reliability goals have been met. Use of a servo-driven, commercial test stand that has unique features for operation and control is described as the basis for a reliability and performance test program developed for these new materials in three phases, with new data for a fourth test phase added, and comparative values for material performance.
Design and Fabrication of 3D Printed Reconfigurable Metamaterial-inspired Structures
Authors: Karuppuswami Saranraj , Rajendra-Nicolucci Avi , Mondal Saikat , Ghazali Mohd Ifwat Mohd , Chahal Premjeet 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, 3D printing is used as an alternative manufacturing technique to fabricate metamaterial-inspired RF structures for liquid profiling. A dual split-ring resonator (SRR) based sensor tag is designed and integrated with a microfluidic channel for detecting different liquid samples. The sensor is 3D printed using a high-temperature resin and metallized using a custom developed metal patterning process. The sensor requires a very small volume of 8.6 μL of sample under test for detection. The resonance frequency of the SRR changes with change in sample loading and the shift is monitored for sample profiling. Different volatile organic compounds are introduced and the shift is monitored demonstrating the sensitivity of the proposed tag. The low-cost, real-time nature of the tag makes it an ideal choice for monitoring liquids along the supply chain.
Os pequenos partidos e as disputas eleitorais no Brasil: uma análise de desempenho entre 1998-2014
Authors: Ev Leonardo Da Silveira 
Published: December 2019

Este artigo visa contribuir com o estudo dos pequenos partidos brasileiros através da análise de suas performances em eleições e de suas características organizacionais. Apresenta-se a discussão de possíveis critérios de como estabelecer quais são os pequenos partidos e propõe-se um a partir do qual seleciona-se os casos. Dados eleitorais referentes às disputas para executivo e legislativo nos três níveis federativos do grupo de partidos selecionados são analisados e os diferentes desempenhos dos pequenos partidos é relacionado com suas características organizacionais. A análise aponta que os partidos que apresentam maior capilaridade e menor institucionalização de seus diretórios sub-nacionais têm melhor performance no período analisado.
Denudation systematics inferred from in situ cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in fine (50–100 µm) and medium (100–250 µm) sediments of the Var River basin, southern French Alps
Authors: Mariotti Apolline , Blard Pierre-Henri , Charreau Julien , Petit Carole , Molliex Stéphane ,   the ASTER Team
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Marine sedimentary archives are well dated and often span several glacial
cycles; cosmogenic 10Be concentrations in their detrital quartz grains could thus offer the opportunity to reconstruct a wealth of past denudation rates. However, these archives often comprise sediments much finer (<250 µm) than typically analyzed in 10Be studies, and few studies have measured 10Be concentrations in quartz grains smaller than 100 µm or assessed the impacts of mixing, grain size, and interannual variability on the 10Be concentrations of such fine-grained sediments. Here, we analyzed the in situ cosmogenic 10Be concentrations of quartz grains in the 50–100 and 100–250 µm size fractions of sediments from the Var basin (southern French Alps) to test the reliability of denudation rates derived from 10Be analyses of fine sands. The Var basin has a short transfer zone and highly variable morphology, climate, and geology, and we test the impact of these parameters on the observed 10Be concentrations. Both analyzed size fractions returned similar 10Be concentrations in downstream locations, notably at the Var's
outlet, where concentrations ranged from (4.02±0.78)×104 to (4.40±0.64)×104 atoms g−1 of quartz. By comparing expected and observed 10Be concentrations at three major river junctions, we interpret that sediment mixing is efficient throughout the Var basin. We resampled four key locations 1 year later, and despite variable climatic parameters during that period, interannual 10Be concentrations were in agreement within uncertainties, except for one upper subbasin. The 10Be-derived denudation rates of Var subbasins range from 0.10±0.01 to 0.57±0.09 mm yr−1, and spatial variations are primarily controlled by the average subbasin slope. The integrated denudation rate of the entire Var basin is 0.24±0.04 mm yr−1, in agreement with other methods. Our results demonstrate that fine-grained sediments (50–250 µm) may return accurate denudation rates and are thus potentially suitable targets for future 10Be applications, such as studies of paleo-denudation rates using offshore sediments.
2019 Special Issue: Psychological Wellbeing and Distress in Higher Education
Authors: Brooker Abi , Woodyatt Lydia 
Published: December 2019

Many universities around the world have now initiated wellbeing strategies that encompass psychological wellbeing. These resources can be leveraged for change to better support students. Associate Professor Lydia Woodyatt from Flinders University, Adelaide and Dr Abi Brooker from the University of Melbourne are guest editors for this very special issue which includes a collection of articles from scholars and practitioners in Australia, Canada, the US, UK and Germany addressing student (and staff) psychological wellbeing in higher education. Broadly, articles discuss the scope of mental wellbeing and psychological distress, identify specific cohorts (including international students and refugees), profile targeted means of support (via the curriculum, the co-curriculum and strategic policy and planning initiatives) and also identify the need for ‘psychological literacy’ via leadership.
Response to Critics: Toward the Reform of Actually Existing Democracies
Authors: Fishkin James 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this essay I offer responses to seven distinguished critics of my book, Democracy When the People Are Thinking (Oxford University Press, 2018). I defend the book, and my research program, against charges that I am too pessimistic about the public dialogue and the prospects for deliberation outside organized mini-publics. I further defend the book against the charge that institutionalization of my Deliberative Polling approach (or related models) would simply replace one form of unaccountable elite rule with another. I also engage and in many cases accept several suggestions for enhancing the normative and sociological legitimacy of Deliberative Polling, embedding it more deeply into decisional processes, and devoting further thought to certain normative, empirical, and practical issues to which I have not previously given sustained attention—including issues of inclusion that might arise from complex or ambiguous jurisdictions.
From “Beach Read” to Ethnic Urban Drama: Steinbeck's Imprint on the Twenty-First-Century Novel
Authors: Donohue Cecilia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Without question, the writings of John Steinbeck, one half century after his death, remain multifaceted cultural touchstones. Their presence and impact are apparent in a variety of venues: in talking points regarding contemporary migration debates, in criminal cases referencing the “Lenny Standard,” and in Sarah Fox's Pancake House Mystery Series, which includes such titles as Yeast of Eden, The Crêpes of Wrath, and Of Spice and Men. This paper explores how Steinbeck's distinctive and diverse literary styles have made their way into two diverse novels of the millennium. Emma Straub's The Vacationers, selected by New York magazine as one of “The 100 Best Beach Reads,” echoes plot and character elements from Steinbeck's 1947 novel of travel, The Wayward Bus. And the textured themes and narrative framework of Steinbeck's iconic novel of migration to California, The Grapes of Wrath (1939), are revisited and updated in Tommy Orange's 2018 novel of Native American life in the Golden State, There There.
Surgical Reconstruction of the Metatarsal Pad Using Nonweight-Bearing Surfaces of the Footpads in a Dog
Authors: Kim Ji-Hyun , Yoon Hun-Young 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
A 9 yr old mixed-breed dog weighing 6.3 kg was presented with degloving injuries and multiple lacerations on the footpads of both hindlimbs. After amputation of the left hindlimb and debridement of the necrotic footpads on the right hindlimb, the remaining pads were insufficient for ambulation. The complete carpal pads and the peripheral, nonweight-bearing portions of the second and fifth digital pads of both forelimbs were harvested for pad grafting. All segments were sutured on the cutaneous trunci muscle in the predetermined location of the right abdominal wall for the pouch flap. After detaching the flap, the grafted segments were gradually strengthened, and the dog was able to regain ambulation. When considering pad grafting, the entire carpal pad and crescent-shaped segments from the nonweight-bearing surfaces of digital pads are excellent candidates for free grafts without compromising the ambulation of other limbs.
Producción de azúcar de caña en El Salvador y su relación con la variabilidad de la Actividad Solar y Geomagnética: Un enfoque de la Bioeconomía y el Cambio Climático
Authors: Sierra-Figueredo Pablo , Marinero-Orantes Edgar Antonio , Sol-Sánchez Ángel , Zúniga-Gonzalez Carlos Alberto 
Published: December 2019

El presente trabajo es una contribución de la Bioeconomía en el sendero productivo de Eco intensificación, donde los efectos de la variabilidad climática inciden en los niveles de productividad de la producción de Caña de Azúcar. La Actividad eruptiva del Sol y el Clima Espacial son importantes elementos del medio ambiente cósmico que inciden en la variabilidad del clima del planeta y numerosos procesos de la Biosfera y el Medio Ambiente. Se analizaron las series de tiempo de la productividad en la industria azucarera en El Salvador para un período de 31 años (1985-2015) a partir de los datos publicados en el Anuario de Estadística Agropecuaria, D.G.E.A-M.A.G, en relación con el régimen lluvioso para ese mismo periodo y con dos índices del Clima Espacial. El trabajo se realizó en distintas fases en Cuba, El Salvador y México. El objetivo del trabajo, consistió en valorar la hipótesis que establece la asociación entre estas variables (series de producción azucarera e índices del clima espacial) y al mismo tiempo confirmar la posible influencia para este territorio centroamericano, y la muestra con que se contrasto. Se muestra que existe una estrecha sincronía entre la Actividad Solar y Geomagnética y los índices de producción de caña de azúcar, melaza y azúcar, manifestándose claramente en estas últimas un ciclo multianual de aproximadamente 10 a 12 años.
Estimación in vivo de la canal porcina por el método de ultrasonografía: Un Enfoque de la Ecointensificación en Bioeconomia Porcina
Authors: Hernández Zapata Santiago , Blanco Roa Noel Ernesto , Chavarría Rivaz Elvin , Zúniga-Gonzalez Carlos Alberto 
Published: December 2019

En este estudio se analiza la relación entre el espesor de grasa subcutánea (EGS), espesor muscular (EM) y espesor de grasa subcutánea y espesor muscular juntos (EGSM), medidos con ultrasonido en un solo punto anatómico de cerdos vivos y los parámetros más importantes de la canal . En nuestro experimento utilizamos cerdos híbridos de las razas Pietrain, Landrace y Yorkshire en cantidad de 25 animales de ambos sexos. Los resultados del estudio sugieren que los parámetros de la composición de la canal aquí analizados están altamente correlacionados con el espesor de la grasa subcutánea medida con el ultrasonido en la última costilla del musculo longuísimo dorsal en el lado izquierdo del cerdo vivo (r = 0.53 - 0.67). La correlación múltiple del modelo de predicción de regresión lineal entre los parámetros de la canal y el espesor de grasa dorsal fue (0.74) y el coeficiente de determinación mostró suficiente capacidad de predicción (R2 = 0.55). Los modelos de predicción de regresión lineal de los componentes de la canal con el espesor muscular obtuvieron baja capacidad de predicción (R2 = 0.23). Igualmente en el modelo de regresión del espesor de grasa subcutánea y espesor muscular juntos ( R2= 0.25). Entre las correlaciones más importantes encontradas están: lomo derecho, carne clase A (r = 0.80), peso vivo y canal entera (r = 0.85) paleta derecha y carne clase B (r = 0.88) siendo este patrón repetitivo en todas las correlaciones de las mediciones ultrasonografica y los componentes de la canal.
El valor humorístico de los disfemismos para los defectos físicos en el habla nicaragüense
Authors: Baltodano Reyes Hilda María 
Published: December 2019

Los estudios sobre el disfemismo están relacionados con el tabú lingüístico. Se considera que es una expresión grosera, peyorativa e irrespetuosa, opuesta completamente al eufemismo; pero constituye un aporte extraordinario para la riqueza del habla nicaragüense. Porque este pueblo nunca elude lo feo y asqueroso; dentro de la gran variedad que le brinda la lengua, prefieren los términos ásperos, si es posible malsonantes y directos, sin maquillar la verdad “aunque duela”. Esa es parte de la esencia del disfemismo ofender al oyente; sin embargo el humor y la jocosidad inherentes al ingenio de los nicaragüenses son características esenciales para la creación de expresiones disfemística que tienen como intención del autor reírse de los defectos de los demás y de los propios.
Krize kulturních vzorců a nové trendy ve stravování z hlediska Antropologie jídla
Authors: Ferrarová Eva , Faltusová Karolína , Goerojová Kristýna , Kašparová Monika , Matějíčková Petra , Moravcová Anežka , Poulová Veronika , Vlčková Eliška 
Published: December 2019

Jídlo hrálo vždy zásadní roli v evoluci lidstva. Historicky se zformovaly kulturní vzorce ve stravování a potravní strategie přežití, které jsou v současné době v krizi především v důsledku industrializace výroby jídla a její globalizace. Nastupuje strach z nečistého, který v korelaci s dalšími determinantami ekologického, sociálního, ekonomického i morálního typu zásadně mění vztah lidí k jídlu. Tato odborná studie si klade za cíl analyzovat a popsat nové možné podoby vztahu člověka k jídlu z hlediska Antropologie jídla.
<em>Ad vitandam confusionem</em>. Una aproximación analítica al tratado sobre perspectiva de Andrea Pozzo = <em>Ad vitandam confusionem</em>. An Analytical Approach to Andrea Pozzo’s Treatise on Perspective
Authors: Fuentes Lázaro Sara 
Published: December 2019

El tratado Perspectiva Pictorum Architectorum es uno de los principales méritos que han consagrado al hermano coadjutor Andrea Pozzo (1642-1709) como el más renombrado artista de la Compañía de Jesús. A pesar de haber servido a pintores, geómetras y arquitectos del último Barroco en cuatro continentes como fuente de formación y repertorio visual, sigue siendo un texto citado mayormente de modo superficial. El presente examen de sus contenidos pretende analizar su organización y los diferentes propósitos que fundamentaron la obra, esto es: ponderar la arquitectura de la Orden y del propio Pozzo; servir de eficaz manual de taller; y, entonces como hoy en día, interesar como objeto de bibliofilia.AbstractThe treatise Perspective Pictorum Architectorum is one of the main reasons that have consecrated brother coadjutor Andrea Pozzo (1642-1709) as the most renowned artist of the Society of Jesus. Despite having served painters, geometricians and architects of four continents as a source of instruction and visual repertoire during the Late Baroque, it still remains –save honorable exceptions– as a superficially read text. Our examination of its contents analyzes how the plates were grouped to fulfill the different functions which the treatise was meant to accomplish, i.e.: praising Jesuit architecture and the one designed by Pozzo himself; being effective as a workshop manual; and, then as now, drawing attention to its character as an object of bibliophilia.