bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoinformatic design of a COVID-19 subunit vaccine using entire structural immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Behmard Esmaeil , Soleymani Bijan , Najafi Ali , Barzegari Ebrahim 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is an acute resolved disease, with estimated 3.4% case fatality rate. Due to insufficient data and short onset time of the disease, researchers have to change the strategy against its associated virus, SARS-CoV-2. One of these strategies is the use of computational methods in the field of drug and vaccine design, which can greatly reduce the time and cost of the therapeutic or immunogenic development projects. In this study, we employed various immunoinformatics tools to design a multi-epitope vaccine polypeptide with the highest potential for activating the human immune system against SARS-CoV-2. The initial epitope set was extracted from the whole set of viral structural proteins. Their potential non-toxic and non-allergenic T- cell and B-cell binding and cytokine inducing epitopes were then identified through a priori immunoinformatic prediction. Selected epitopes were bonded to each other with appropriate links. A suitable adjuvant was added to the N-terminus of the vaccine polypeptide sequence to increase its immunogenicity. Molecular modelling of the 3D structure of the vaccine polypeptide, docking, molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations confirmed that the designed vaccine had high affinity for Toll-like receptor 3 binding, and that the vaccine-receptor complex was highly stable. Therefore, the designed polypeptide is promising for antigenicity and inducing an effective and safe immune response against SARS-CoV-2 inside the human body.
Characteristics of certain drugs with antioxidant activity and their use in tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Shovkun L. A. , Kudlay D. A. , Nikolenko N. Yu. , Kampos E. D. 
Published: May 2020

The review presents methods for management of free radical reactions in pulmonary tuberculosis patients which are of great importance for relief of clinical symptoms, pathomorphological changes, and the outcome of the disease. It describes the effect of various antioxidant drugs on the course of tissue inflammatory reaction and the development of destructive changes in the lungs.
Control and remediation methods for eutrophic lakes in the past 30 years
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Luo Pingping , Zhao Shuangfeng , Kang Shuxin , Wang Pengbo , Zhou Meimei , Lyu Jiqiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Accelerated eutrophication, which is harmful and difficult to repair, is one of the most obvious and pervasive water pollution problems in the world. In the past three decades, the management of eutrophication has undergone a transformation from simple directed algal killing, reducing endogenous nutrient concentration to multiple technologies for the restoration of lake ecosystems. This article describes the development and revolution of three remediation methods in application, namely physical, chemical, and biological methods, and it outlines their possible improvements and future directions. Physical and chemical methods have obvious and quick effects to purify water in the short term and are more suitable for small-scale lakes. However, these two methods cannot fundamentally solve the eutrophic water phenomenon due to costly and incomplete removal results. Without a sound treatment system, the chemical method easily produces secondary pollution and residues and is usually used for emergency situations. The biological method is cost-effective and sustainable, but needs a long-term period. A combination of these three management techniques can be used to synthesize short-term and long-term management strategies that control current cyanobacterial blooms and restore the ecosystem. In addition, the development and application of new technologies, such as big data and machine learning, are promising approaches.
Macroinvertebrates associated with artificial floating islands installed in River Kshipra for water quality improvement
Authors: Prashant  , Billore Suresh Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArtificial floating islands (AFIs) are artificial buoyant superstructures vegetated with riparian plant species, especially reed grass (Phragmites karka) floating on waterscape. These structures are mostly installed in lakes and stagnant systems as a green technology for water quality improvement. In the present study, an AFI was installed in the River Kshipra, Ujjain city at a point where wastewater nullah meets the river. The focus was to study the composition of macroinvertebrates associated with AFIs and to monitor AFIs' role in river water quality improvement. The inspection indicated that the coir-based AFIs' substratum supports a variety of macroinvertebrates that are supplementing the role of AFIs for water quality improvement, besides the role of riparian plants. The open river water, far from AFIs, does not support macroinvertebrates in the upper layer of the water column. The installation of AFIs improved the underneath water quality: reducing the pollution load by 46% of total suspended solids (TSS), 51% of turbidity, 37% of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and 39% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The AFIs resulted into a development of a floating habitat for diversity of a macroinvertebrates community of predators, filtering collectors, gathering collectors, scrapers and shredders. The AFIs serves a dual purpose: water cleansing green landscape and additional floating niches for aquatic macroinvertebrates.
Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programındaki Kök Değerler Çerçevesinde Aytül Akal Masallarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Özbaşı Sevgen 
Published: May 2020

Bilişsel, duyuşsal, dilsel, toplumsal gelişim ve kişilik
gelişiminin sağlıklı bir biçimde ilerleyebilmesi ve insanın “birey” olarak
kendini ifade edebilmesi için çocukluk döneminde gereksinimlerine uygun
nitelikte uyaranlarla etkileşimde bulunması gerekir. Çocuğun toplumsallaşma
sürecinde farklı yaşam deneyimlerine tanıklık etmesi onun dilsel, bilişsel
sosyal becerilerinin gelişmesinde yardımcıdır. Bu süreç çocuğun, evrensel ve
ulusal değerleri özümseyip duyarlık ve değerler eğitimi kazanması açısından
önemlidir. Bu noktada, çocuğa yardımcı olabilecek en temel ve en etkili araçlar
çocuk edebiyatı ürünleridir. Benlik gelişimi, duyarlık ve değerler eğitiminin
temellerinin atıldığı okulöncesi dönemlerde, çocuklar için hazırlanan
yapıtların niteliği daha da önem taşımaktadır. Bu dönemde çocukların daha çok
ilgi gösterdiği kitapların masal kitapları olmasından dolayı bu çalışmada Aytül
Akal tarafından yazılan çağdaş masallar, Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programında
belirtilen “kök değerler” çerçevesinde irdelenmiştir. Betimsel nitelik taşıyan
bu çalışmada veriler doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. İnceleme
sonucunda masalların “adalet, dostluk, dürüstlük, özdenetim, sabır, saygı,
sevgi, sorumluluk, vatanseverlik, yardımseverlik” kök değerlerinin tamamını
içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda yazarın masallarına yönelik Türkçe Dersi
Öğretim Programında yer alan kök değerleri aktaran ileti ve örnekler
içerdiği; bu değerler aracılığıyla
çocukların değerler eğitimi sürecine katkı sağlayabileceği söylenebilir.
Emerging Evidence for Neuropsycho-Consequences of COVID-19
Authors: Li Jingwen , Long Xi , Zhang Qing , Fang Xi , Fang Fang , Lv Xuefei , Zhang Dandan , Sun Yu , Li Na , Hu Shaoping , Lin Zhicheng , Xiong Nian 
Published: May 2020

:
The pandemic novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global concern in
which the respiratory system is not the only one involved. Previous researches have presented the
common clinical manifestations including respiratory symptoms (i.e., fever and cough), fatigue and
myalgia. However, there is limited evidence for neurological and psychological influences of
SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss the common neurological manifestations of COVID-19
including acute cerebrovascular disease (i.e., cerebral hemorrhage) and muscle ache. Possible viral
transmission to the nervous system may occur via circulation, an upper nasal transcribrial route
and/or conjunctival route. Moreover, we cannot ignore the psychological influence on the public,
medical staff and confirmed patients. Dealing with public psychological barriers and performing
psychological crisis intervention are an important part of public health interventions.
Enzyme Replacement Therapy may Affect Blood Immunosuppressant Monitoring
Authors: Gönel Ataman , Koyuncu Ismail , Bayraktar Nihayet , Tayman Cüneyt , Bardakçı Osman , Uzunköy Ali , Guzelcicek Ahmet 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Although LC-MS/MS is preferred as a reliable method, therapeutic enzyme
drugs in the blood matrix may lead to false results.

Objective:
The purpose of this article is to experimentally investigate the effect of five different enzymes
used in the treatment of metabolic diseases on blood immunosuppressant measurement.

Methods:
Five different enzyme drugs (galsulfase, alglucosidase alfa, imiglucerase, elosulfase alfa,
laronidase) were added to control materials containing tacrolimus, everolimus, sirolimus, and cyclosporine
A drugs. Measurements were performed using an LC-MS/MS instrument (Shimadzu
8040, Japan). The amount of deviations from the target values was calculated.

Results:
Blood Immunosuppressant levels significantly changed after the administration of enzyme
drugs. Four different enzyme drugs led to false-positive results in the tacrolimus levels at a rate of
10.58% (95% CI, 9.83-11.32) to 37.28% (95% CI, 33.55-41.27). The highest deviations were observed
with the administration of galsulfase and alglucosidase alpha in the sirolimus levels at rates
of 336.54% (95% CI, 306.25-366.82) and 395.88% (95% CI, 360.25-431.50), respectively.
Imiglucerase was the least effective enzyme for the sirolimus level (0.80% (95% CI, 0.71-0.89).
Different deviations between the ratios of - 9.37% (95% CI, -10.40 - -8.33) and 8.33% (95% CI,
7.41-9.24) were determined at the cyclosporin A level.

Conclusion:
Galsulfase, alglucosidase alpha, imigluserase, elosulfase alpha and laronidase can significantly
interfere with immunosuppressant measurements with LC-MS/MS. False immunosuppressant
results associated with enzyme injection may result in immunosuppression failure, organ
rejection. For the measurement of immunosuppressant levels, sampling should be done before the
enzyme infusion. Clinicians should question the time of enzyme infusion and sampling when confounding
results in immunosuppressant measurement.
Novel Technologies and Nanotoxicology of Medical Implants
Authors: Akçan Ramazan , Aydogan Halit C. , Yıldırım Mahmut Ş. , Taştekin Burak , Sağlam Necdet 
Published: May 2020

Background/Aims:
Use of nanomaterials in healthcare applications increases in parallel to
technological developments. It is frequently utilized in diagnostic procedures, medications and therapeutic
implementations. Nanomaterials take place among key components of medical implants,
which might be responsible for certain toxic effects on human health at nano-level. In this review,
nanotoxicological effects, toxicity determination of nanobiomaterials used in human body and their
effects on human health are discussed.

Material and Method:
A detailed review of related literature was performed and evaluated as per
nanomaterials and medical implants.

Results:
The nanotoxic effects of the materials applied to human body and the determination of its
toxicity are important. Determination of toxicity for each nanomaterial requires a detailed and multifactorial
assessment considering the properties of these materials.

Conclusion:
There are limited studies in the literature regarding the toxic effects of nanomaterials
used in medical implants. Although these implants are potentially biocompatible and biodegradable,
it is highly important to discuss nanotoxicological characteristics of medical implants.
Association of Socioeconomic Status and Comorbidities with Racial Disparities during Kidney Transplant Evaluation
Authors: Murphy Karly A. , Jackson John W. , Purnell Tanjala S. , Shaffer Ashton A. , Haugen Christine E. , Chu Nadia M. , Crews Deidra C. , Norman Silas P. , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A. 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives
Black patients referred for kidney transplantation have surpassed many obstacles but likely face continued racial disparities before transplant. The mechanisms that underlie these disparities are unclear. We determined the contributions of socioeconomic status (SES) and comorbidities as mediators to disparities in listing and transplant.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We studied a cohort (n=1452 black; n=1561 white) of patients with kidney failure who were referred for and started the transplant process (2009–2018). We estimated the direct and indirect effects of SES (self-reported income, education, and employment) and medical comorbidities (self-reported and chart-abstracted) as mediators of racial disparities in listing using Cox proportional hazards analysis with inverse odds ratio weighting. Among the 983 black and 1085 white candidates actively listed, we estimated the direct and indirect effects of SES and comorbidities as mediators of racial disparities on receipt of transplant using Poisson regression with inverse odds ratio weighting.

Results
Within the first year, 876 (60%) black and 1028 (66%) white patients were waitlisted. The relative risk of listing for black compared with white patients was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.69 to 0.83); after adjustment for SES and comorbidity, the relative risk was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.97). The proportion of the racial disparity in listing was explained by SES by 36% (95% CI, 26% to 57%), comorbidity by 44% (95% CI, 35% to 61%), and SES with comorbidity by 58% (95% CI, 44% to 85%). There were 409 (42%) black and 496 (45%) white listed candidates transplanted, with a median duration of follow-up of 3.9 (interquartile range, 1.2–7.1) and 2.8 (interquartile range, 0.8–6.3) years, respectively. The incidence rate ratio for black versus white candidates was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.96); SES and comorbidity did not explain the racial disparity.

Conclusions
SES and comorbidity partially mediated racial disparities in listing but not for transplant.
CO-CRYSTALS OF ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT-IBUPROFEN LYSINE
Authors: KULKARNI ALPANA , BACHHAV RITESH , HOL VISHAL , SHETE SWAPNIL 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Co-crystal is defined as a crystalline complex of two or more neutral molecules bound together primarily by hydrogen bonding or other non-covalent interactions. The pharmaceutical co-crystal involves crystal lattice arrangement between an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) with another pharmaceutically acceptable molecule. Co-crystals of API are preferred since they depict improved solubility, dissolution, stability, compressibility in comparison with API. Ibuprofen lysine (IL), frequently used analgesic and the anti-inflammatory drug has poor aqueous solubility and compressibility. This work shows the feasibility and optimal conditions for the preparation of co-crystals of ibuprofen lysine using Polyvivylpyrrolidone K25 (PK 25) and Polyvivylpyrrolidone K30 (PK 30) as co-formers.
Methods: In this study, we prepared and studied the solubility, drug content, flow properties, physical stability of novel co-crystal, consisting of IL and PK 25/PK 30. The co-crystal IL: PK 30 (at a molar ratio of 0.29:0.5) and IL: PK 25 (at a molar ratio of 0.58:1) were characterized by X-ray analysis, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Furthermore, the tablet formulations of the co-crystals were subjected to in vitro dissolution and in vivo analgesic activity, with the goal of comparing the co-crystals with IL and the marketed tablet of ibuprofen (Brufen®) respectively.
Results: The IL: PK co-crystals demonstrated superior solubility and the dissolution properties over IL. The compression properties of the co-crystals were similar to IL. The co-crystals exhibited higher analgesic activity than the marketed tablet.
Conclusion: The results indicated the use of PK 25 and PK 30 as safe and promising co-crystal formers.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOPICAL NANOPARTICULATE ANTIPSORIATIC POLYHERBAL CREAM
Authors: KHAN SHADAB , MULLA GHAZALA , BHISE KIRAN 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The lack of possible cure and associated disadvantages of allopathic medicines in the topical treatment of psoriasis has led to extensive research for anti-psoriatic activities of plant-based drugs. The present study was aimed to develop topical cream formulation containing the Nanostructured Lipid Carriers of Azadirachta indica leaves extract (AE), Lawsonia inermis leaves extract (LE) and fruit extract of Mallotus philippensis (ME) and assessing the antipsoriatic activity of prepared cream formulation.
Methods: The Drug loaded NLCs were prepared via hot homogenization technique and incorporated into the water in oil (w/o) cream base that was prepared by the emulsification method. Evaluation of cream formulation included advanced preclinical trials using Rat Ultraviolet Ray-B photodermatitis and Mousetail method, anti-lipid peroxidation assay, nitric oxide scavenging activity, cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation on HaCat cell lines to ascertain antipsoriatic potential and in vitro drug diffusion.
Results: In spite of the low amount of the drug loading in NLCs their potency was much higher as displayed in Advanced Preclinical studies and cell line studies for psoriasis indicating the suitability of NLCs loaded creams for skin applications due to their various desirable effects on the skin. Occlusive properties of the prepared NLC on the skin provide an increase in drug penetration particularly via skin moisturization. The in vitro drug diffusion studies suggest the prolonged and almost complete release of AE, LE and ME from NLC based cream up to 24 h that was found to be 81.24±0.51%, 74.31±0.25% and 70.43±0.78% respectively. The literature survey supports the novelty of such topical anti-psoriatic polyherbal nanoparticulate cream.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the AE, LE and ME loaded NLC based cream can be used for prolonged topical delivery of drugs for the management of Psoriasis.
Calculation of deformations of a cantilever-frame planar truss model with an arbitrary number of panels
Authors: Buka-Vaivade Karina , Kirsanov Mikhail N. , Serdjuks Dmitrijs O. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction. By method of induction using three independent parameters (numbers of panels) formulas for deflection under different types of loading are derived. Curves based on the derived formulas are analyzed, and the asymptotic of solutions for the number of panels are sought. The frame is statically definable, symmetrical, with descending braces. The problem of deflection under the action of a load evenly distributed over the nodes of the upper chord, a concentrated load in the middle of the span, and the problem of shifting the mobile support is considered.
Materials and methods. The calculation of forces in the truss bars is performed in symbolic form using the method of cutting nodes and operators of the Maple computer mathematics system. The deflection is determined by the Maxwell – Mohr formula. Operators of the Maple computer mathematics system are used for composing and solving homogeneous linear recurrent equations that satisfy sequences of coefficients of the required dependencies. The stiffness of all truss bars is assumed to be the same.
Results. All the obtained dependencies have a polynomial form for the number of panels. To illustrate the obtained solutions and their qualitative analysis, curves of the deflection dependence on the number of panels are constructed.
Conclusions. A scheme of a statically definable three-parameter truss is proposed that allows an analytical solution of the problem of deflection and displacement of the support. The obtained dependences can be used in engineering practice in problems of structural rigidity optimization and for evaluating the accuracy of numerical solutions.
Backwash water treatment by coagulation in the presence of phosphates at underground water iron removal stations
Authors: Zhytsianiou Barys N. , Yordanova Lyudmila E. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The analysis of the present-day condition of water resources has proven the relevance and expediency of developing highly effective backwash water treatment methods to be used at iron removal stations designated for groundwater treatment. In accordance with effective technical regulations, backwash water must be reused. The operation of iron removal stations has proven the inefficiency of backwash water treatment facilities. Water and wastewater treatment companies stop using backwash water treatment facilities and refrain from reusing backwash water. Highly concentrated iron-bearing backwash water is discharged into sewage networks, nearby water bodies or onto the terrain, which means irrational use of high-quality groundwater and environmental pollution with iron compounds.
Materials and methods. The results of experimental research efforts and statistical processing of data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of backwash water at iron removal stations are presented. The chemical nature of the components and the principle underlying the formation of the backwash water composition in the process of groundwater deferrization have been studied. It’s been identified that if backwash water supplied by iron removal stations is treated by sodium phosphate reagent Na3PO4 and aluminum sulphate Al2(SO4)3 as a coagulant, precipitation of iron compounds intensifies, as colloidal particles FePO4 are formed. They have very low solubility, and they are effectively removed by coagulation. It has been theoretically proven and experimentally confirmed that anions H2 PO4– and PO4 3– fformed in the process of hydrolysis of sodium phosphate Na3PO4 help to reduce the electrokinetic charge of the colloidal particle of iron hydroxide Fe(OH)3, and high purification efficiency reaching 99.0–99.9 % is attained by attaching iron compounds to the surface of the colloidal particle of aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3.
Conclusions. The co-authors have developed a math-and-stats model simulating the backwash water treatment process that employs coagulation in the presence of phosphates. It describes the dependence between the concentration of residual iron, doses of sodium phosphate Na3PO4, aluminum sulphate Al2(SO4)3 and the settling time. A backwash water treatment technology has been developed. It employs coagulation in the presence of phosphates, and it is designated for use at iron removal stations. This technology comprises a chemical plant for sodium phosphate and aluminum sulphate used as a coagulant, a post-treatment filter, and sludge dewatering facilities. The application of this technology enables to reduce iron concentration to 0.05–0.20 mg/l, to reuse backwash water for drinking and other household purposes, or to have this water reused by iron removal stations, this, preventing pollution of water sources with iron compounds.