bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive human Mac‐2‐binding protein as a predictive marker of liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients
Authors: Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Yamasaki Kazumi , Natsuda Koji , Hidaka Masaaki , Ono Shinichiro , Adachi Tomohiko , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: December 2019

AimIn human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients, the progression of liver failure is reported to be more aggressive than that in HCV mono‐infected patients. Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive human Mac‐2‐binding protein (WFA+‐M2BP) is well recognized as a liver fibrosis glycobiomarker with a unique fibrosis‐related glycoalteration. We analyzed HIV/HCV coinfected patients’ M2BP levels as a possible marker for predicting liver fibrosis.MethodsM2BP was measured in 31 HIV/HCV coinfected patients, and we analyzed the correlation between WFA+‐M2BP and several markers of fibrosis, liver function, and tumor markers. We compared the WFA+‐M2BP levels in HIV/HCV coinfected patients with those of HCV mono‐infected patients by performing a propensity score matching analysis.ResultsIn the HIV/HCV coinfected patients, the serum level of WFA+‐M2BP was well correlated with the markers type IV collagen, hyaluronic acid, and alpha‐fetoprotein, but not protein induced by vitamin K absence‐II. In the propensity score matching with HCV mono‐infected patients, the WFA+‐M2BP levels were significantly higher in the HIV/HCV coinfected patients compared with the levels in the HCV mono‐infected patients.ConclusionIn conclusion, WFA+‐M2BP might be a feasible predictive marker of fibrosis in HIV/HCV coinfected patients.
Associations of nitric oxide with obesity and psychological traits among children and adolescents in Taiwan
Authors: Chung Kuo‐Hsuan , Chiou Hung‐Yi , Chang Jung‐Su , Chen Yi‐Hua 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundFindings concerning nitric oxide (NO) in children and adolescents with obesity are scant.ObjectiveThis study examined the links of NO with obesity and psychological traits (ie, self‐concept, anxiety, depression, anger and disruptive behaviour) in children and adolescents in Taiwan.MethodsA total of 564 first, fourth and seventh graders (314 children with overweight/obesity and 250 children with normal weight) completed an in‐hospital health examination in 2010. All students received a physical examination, underwent blood sample collection and completed a questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for analyses.ResultsAmong the fourth and seventh graders (P=.003 and.001, respectively), the students with overweight/obesity displayed significantly higher levels of NO than those with normal weight; however, no difference was observed in males and females. In multiple linear regression models, a high level of anxiety was independently associated with low NO levels (β=−1.33, 95% confidence interval −2.24 to −0.41) in first graders who with overweight/obesity. No association between NO levels and psychological traits was evident among students with normal weight.ConclusionsOur results enrich the limited data and suggest that NO may be associated with obesity and psychopathology and should be a concern in the pathophysiology of childhood mental health and obesity.
Rapid response team trigger modifications: are we using them safely?
Authors: Kerkham Telena , Brain Matthew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRapid response teams (RRT) were first proposed as a means of reducing inpatient morbidity and mortality. Modifying RRT activation triggers poses a potential risk for delayed recognition of a deteriorating patient. Trigger modifications have not been validated for safety.AimsTo determine if RRT trigger modifications are associated with: increased frequency of recurrent RRT activation; increased length of stay (LOS); increased intensive care admission; and increased in‐hospital mortality.MethodsA retrospective audit of all RRT activations occurring at the Launceston General Hospital (LGH) over an 18‐month period was performed.ResultsRate of recurrent RRT activations did not decrease with the use of trigger modifications around the time of RRT activation, and for patients with two modifications, the frequency increased (1.98 vs 1.32, P = 0.007). LGH LOS increased for patients with any trigger modifications compared to those with none (11 vs 9, P = 0.0002), and for patients with two modifications (11.5 vs 9, P = 0.010). Total hospital LOS increased for patients with any modifications compared to patients with none (12 vs 10, P = 0.002). There was no significant association between trigger modifications and frequency of intensive care unit admission. The relative risk of in‐hospital death increased with increasing numbers of trigger modifications (relative risk 1.38–4.89).ConclusionsTrigger modifications are associated with increased hospital LOS and increased rate of in‐hospital death and do not reduce the number of recurrent events. For patients in whom escalation of care is not appropriate, the presence of multiple trigger modifications at the time of an RRT activation may be a useful trigger for conversations around goals of care.
Assembly and origin of the flora of the Chihuahuan Desert: The case of sclerophyllous Rosaceae
Authors: Vásquez‐Cruz Marilyn , Sosa Victoria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo test hypotheses on the origin and assembly of the flora of the Chihuahuan Desert using as a system the hard‐leaved shrubby lineages of the Rosaceae distributed in North American Deserts.LocationNorth American Deserts, Chihuahuan Desert, Mexican Plateau, Tehuacán Valley.TaxaRosaceae, Amygdaloideae (Amelanchier paniculata, Lindleya mespiloides, Malacomeles denticulata, Vauquelinia angustifolia, Vauquelinia australis, Vauquelinia corymbosa, Xerospiraea hartwegiana), Dryadoideae (Cercocarpus fothergilloides, Cercocarpus pringlei, Cercocarpus rzedowskii, Purshia plicata)MethodsPhylogenetic analyses were conducted based on nine chloroplast and nuclear molecular markers of eleven newly sequenced species of Rosaceae distributed in the Chihuahuan Desert along with previous sequences of 41 species in 25 genera representative of the major clades in the family. Based on phylogeny, divergence times, migration, vicariance events and ancestral biogeographic areas were determined. Ecological niche‐based modelling will predict changes in distribution during Pleistocene climate oscillations. Traitgrams were constructed to visualize departure among lineages in the most significant climate variables.ResultsThe lineages studied diverged during the Eocene‐Oligocene (53–33 Mya). The ancestral area for most of the taxa was in the Mojave and Chihuahuan Deserts. Most dispersal events occurred from the Mojave Desert to the central area of the Chihuahuan Desert on the Mexican Plateau. Ecological niche‐based modelling suggests a contraction of suitable habitat during the Last Interglacial period (~120,000–140,000 years), followed by expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum (~22,000 years) and the Middle Holocene (~6,000 years).Main conclusionsOur results confirm the Axelrod's hypothesis of an origin of the flora of the Chihuahuan Desert in SW North America migrating to occupy North American arid lands. Vicariance and the expansion of arid lands allowed divergence, migration and permanence of the lineages studied on the Mexican Plateau. Divergence occurred prior to the onset of aridification. The Mexican Plateau acted as a refuge for hard‐leaved lineages during the Miocene. Shifts in ecological niches of related species allowed them to colonize new areas with different temperatures and precipitation. Current distribution of lineages is the most limited.
Clients' experiences of shared decision making in an integrative psychotherapy for depression
Authors: Gibson Adam , Cooper Mick , Rae John , Hayes Jacqueline 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMental health and general health care research has shown that practitioners can facilitate patient involvement in shared decision making (SDM) and that the approach can benefit patients who wish to take part in decisions around their care. Yet patient experiences of SDM within a psychotherapy context have been little researched. This study examined how clients experienced SDM in a collaborative‐integrative psychotherapy. A grounded theory approach used interpersonal process recall interviewing and supplementary semi‐structured interviews to investigate 14 clients' experiences of SDM in pluralistic psychotherapy for depression. Verbatim transcripts were coded into 819 meaning units across six categories containing 13 subcomponents that comprised a single, core category. The six categories were (a) experiencing decisions as shared, (b) psychotherapists supporting clients to become more active in the decision‐making process, (c) both parties presenting and recognizing expert knowledge, (d) clients felt recognized as an individual and accommodated for by their psychotherapist, (e) clients felt comfortable engaging with the decision‐making process, and (f) daunting for clients to be asked to take part in decision discussions. A core category emerged of “Psychotherapists encourage client participation and progressively support clients to provide information and contributions towards shared treatment decisions that could be led equally, or marginally more by one party.” Such support was particularly useful when clients had difficulty contributing as part of decision discussions. Client preferences for SDM change across clients and across decisions, highlighting the importance of practitioners remaining flexible to individual clients when using the approach.
Accelerated hair growth by combining thread monofilament and minoxidil in female androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Khattab Fathia M. , Bessar Hagar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMonofilament thread therapy (PLLA) and minoxidil have been used as alternative treatments for female androgenetic alopecia.AimThe aim was to determine the efficacy and safety of thread therapy combined with minoxidil in female androgenetic alopecia.Patient and methodsTwenty‐seven women were enrolled in this randomized half‐split study based on a left‐head to the right‐head pattern. Thread therapy (PLLA) treatment was unilaterally performed (once); minoxidil was bilaterally applied for 6 months. Global photographs and dermoscopy assessments were performed in the baseline and every 2 months till the end of treatment. Global photographs underwent blinded review by three independent dermatologists.ResultsMean hair density increased from 114 ± 27 to 143 ± 25/cm2 (P < .001) in the combined group and from 113 ± 24 to 123 ± 19/cm2 in the minoxidil group (P < .001). The mean change from baseline between the two groups was also compared (P = .003). Global photographs showed improvement in 93% (25/27) patients in the combined group and 52% (14/27) patients in the minoxidil group.ConclusionPoly‐l‐lactic acid microthread therapy combined with minoxidil may improve hair density, hair thickness, and hair appearance better than minoxidil alone.
Three‐dimensional culture of oral progenitor cells: Effects on small extracellular vesicles production and proliferative function
Authors: Yang Yu , Knight Rob , Stephens Phil , Zhang Ying 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSmall extracellular vesicles (SEVs) have a diameter between 30 and 150 nm and play a key role in cell‐cell communication. As cells cultured in 3D vs 2D behave differently, this project aimed to assess whether there were differences in SEVs derived from human oral mucosa lamina propria‐progenitor cells (OMLP‐PCs) cultured in a 3D matrix compared with traditional 2D monolayer cultures.MethodsOMLP‐PCs were cultured in 3D type I collagen matrices or on traditional 2D tissue culture plastic. Cell morphology and viability were assessed by light microscopy, actin staining, and trypan blue staining. SEVs secreted by OMLP‐PCs were purified and quantitatively analyzed by a BCA assay and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA; nanosight™). SEVs were further characterized by flow cytometry. SEV proliferative function was assessed by a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.ResultsCells cultured in 3D grew well as observed by light microscopy and phalloidin staining with cells branching in three dimensions (as opposed to the cells grown as monolayers on tissue culture plastic). NTA demonstrated a significantly higher number of SEV‐sized particles in the conditioned medium of cells grown in 3D type I collagen matrices vs a 2D monolayer (P < .01). Like SEVs from 2D culture, SEVs from 3D culture demonstrated a particle size within the expected SEV range. Tetraspanin analysis confirmed that 3D‐derived SEVs were positive for typical, expected tetraspanins. Cell proliferation analysis demonstrated that SEVs produced through 3D cell culture conditions significantly reduced the proliferation of skin fibroblasts when compared with SEVs from 2D monolayers (P < .05).Conclusion3D culture of OMLP‐PCs produced typical SEVs but in a greater amount than when the same cells were cultured in 2D. The downstream proliferative potential of the SEVs was influenced by the initial culture methodology. Future work should now assess the potential effects of 3D SEVs on key wound healing activities.
The association between actor/partner optimism and cognitive functioning among older couples
Authors: Oh Jeewon , Chopik William J. , Kim Eric S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveHigher optimism has been linked with health, well‐being, and cognitive functioning. Spouses also play an important role on people's health, especially in older adulthood. Yet, whether a spouse's optimism is associated with an individual's cognitive functioning is understudied. Thus, we examined this question.MethodParticipants were 4,457 heterosexual couples (N = 8,914; Mage = 66.73, SD = 9.67) from the Health and Retirement Study—a large, diverse, prospective, and nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged >50. Optimism was assessed at baseline (t1) and cognition was measured every two years with up to five repeated assessments of cognition data over the 8‐year follow‐up period (t1; t2; t3; t4; t5).ResultsResults from multi‐level dyadic data analyses showed small but positive associations between actor optimism and actor cognitive functioning (memory: r = .16, mental status = .10), as well as partner optimism and actor cognitive functioning (memory: r = .04, mental status = .03). These associations mostly persisted over time.ConclusionsParticipants' own optimism and their partner's optimism were both positively associated with cognitive functioning.Thus, with further research, optimism (at both the individual and couple level) might emerge as an innovative intervention target that helps adults maintain cognitive functioning as they age.
Predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics of dental services utilization among socially deprived schoolchildren
Authors: Maffioletti Fabíola , Vettore Mario Vianna , Rebelo Maria , Herkrath Fernando , Queiroz Adriana , Herkrath Ana P. , Pereira Juliana , Rebelo Vieira Janete 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo test the relationship of predisposing, enabling and need characteristics with dental services utilization and pattern of dental attendance among 12‐year‐old schoolchildren living in a socially deprived urban area.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out involving 358 children enrolled in public schools located in a deprived area of the city of Manaus, Brazil. Predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics were selected according to Andersen's behavioral conceptual model. Self‐completed questionnaires were used to collect the predisposing characteristics (child's gender, sense of coherence, self‐esteem, oral health beliefs). Parents or guardians provided data on enabling characteristics, including dental health insurance and socioeconomic status. Evaluated need characteristics included oral clinical status assessed through dental examinations conducted by five calibrated examiners. Structural equation modeling was used to test the predictors of dental services utilization and pattern of dental attendance.ResultsPredisposing characteristics, including male gender and low parents/guardians sense of coherence predicted poor dental services utilization and inadequate pattern of dental attendance, respectively. Low socioeconomic status and poor oral clinical status were linked to poor dental services utilization and worse children's pattern of dental attendance.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that predisposing (child's gender and parental sense of coherence), enabling (socioeconomic conditions) and evaluated need characteristics (oral clinical status) are associated with dental services utilization among children.
Dental professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors related to human papillomavirus vaccination
Authors: Patel Seena , Koskan Alexis , Spolarich Ann , Perry Maureen , Flood Timothy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn Arizona, human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related cancers are declining, with the exception of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). HPV‐related OPC is largely caused by persistent infection with oncogenic HPV strains, many of which the 9‐valent HPV vaccine offers protection. Little is known about dental professionals' willingness to promote the HPV vaccine to prevent OPC. The current study assessed Arizona dental professionals' knowledge, attitudes, willingness, and current practice behaviors related to HPV vaccine promotion. Responses between dentists and hygienists were also compared.MethodsA convenience sample of 711 dentists and hygienists attending a regional conference were recruited and asked to complete a 34‐item survey assessing knowledge and attitudes about HPV, the HPV vaccine, HPV‐related OPC, and their willingness to promote and administer the HPV vaccine. Fisher's exact tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for data analysis.ResultsMost respondents answered HPV knowledge questions correctly but did not know HPV‐related OPC has a more favorable prognosis than other head and neck cancers. Dentists were more confident discussing and recommending the HPV vaccine. Both dentists and hygienists were willing to refer patients to their non‐dental primary care providers for vaccination; however, they were less confident in administering the vaccine if it fell within their scope of practice. They reported willingness to receive training to recommend the vaccine.ConclusionsGiven the willingness of respondents to receive training related to HPV vaccine communication, future research should develop and test talking points and communication training to aid dentists and hygienists in their promotion of the HPV vaccine.
SHR4z, a novel decoy effector from the haustorium of the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides, suppresses host plant immunity
Authors: Su Chun , Liu Hai , Wafula Eric K. , Honaas Loren , de Pamphilis Claude W. , Timko Michael P. 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivar B301 is resistant to races SG4 and SG3 of the root parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides, developing a hypersensitive response (HR) at the site of parasite attachment. By contrast, race SG4z overcomes B301 resistance and successfully parasitises the plant.

Comparative transcriptomics and in silico analysis identified a small secreted effector protein dubbed Suppressor of Host Resistance 4z (SHR4z) in the SG4z haustorium that upon transfer to the host roots causes a loss of host immunity (i.e. decreased HR and increased parasite growth). SHR4z has significant homology to the short leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domain of SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE (SERK) family proteins and functions by binding to VuPOB1, a host BTB‐BACK domain‐containing ubiquitin E3 ligase homologue, leading to its rapid turnover.

VuPOB1 is shown to be a positive regulator of HR since silencing of VuPOB1 expression in transgenic B301 roots lowers the frequency of HR and increases the levels of successful SG4 parasitism and overexpression decreases parasitism by SG4z.

These findings provide new insights into how parasitic weeds overcome host defences and could potentially contribute to the development of novel strategies for controlling Striga and other parasitic weeds thereby enhancing crop productivity and food security globally.
Airway microbiome, host immune response and recurrent wheezing in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Nan , Wang Xinglan , Sun Lin , Chen Ning , Zhao Shunying , He Qiushui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly interactions between respiratory viruses and microbiota might modulate host immune responses and subsequently contribute to later development of recurrent wheezing and asthma in childhood. We aimed to study the possible association between respiratory microbiome, host immune response, and the development of recurrent wheezing in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis.MethodsSeventy‐four infants who were hospitalized at Beijing Children's Hospital during an initial episode of severe RSV bronchiolitis at 6 months of age or less were included and followed up until the age of 3 years. Sputum samples were collected, and their microbiota profiles, LPS, and cytokines were analyzed by 16S rRNA–based sequencing, ELISA, and multiplex immunoassay, respectively.ResultsTwenty‐six (35.1%) infants developed recurrent wheezing by the age of 3 years, and 48 (64.9%) did not. The relative abundance of Haemophilus, Moraxella, and Klebsiella was higher in infants who later developed recurrent wheezing than in those who did not (LDA score >3.5). Airway levels of LPS (P = .003), CXCL8 (P = .004), CCL5 (P = .029), IL‐6 (P = .004), and IL‐13 (P < .001) were significantly higher in infants who later developed recurrent wheezing than in those who did not. Moreover, high airway abundance of Haemophilus was associated with CXCL8 (r = 0.246, P = .037) level, and that of Moraxella was associated with IL‐6 level (r = 0.236, P = .046) and IL‐10 level (r = 0.266, P = .024).ConclusionOur study suggests that higher abundance of Haemophilus and Moraxella in airway microbiome might modulate airway inflammation during severe RSV bronchiolitis in infancy, potentially contributing to the development of subsequent recurrent wheezing in later childhood.
Photosystem II 22kDa protein level ‐ a prerequisite for excess light‐inducible memory, cross‐tolerance to UV‐C and regulation of electrical signalling
Authors: Górecka Magdalena , Lewandowska Maria , Dąbrowska‐Bronk Joanna , Białasek Maciej , Barczak‐Brzyżek Anna , Kulasek Milena , Mielecki Jakub , Kozłowska‐Makulska Anna , Gawroński Piotr , Karpiński Stanisław 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is well known that PsbS is a key protein for the proper management of excessive energy in plants. Plants without PsbS cannot trigger non‐photochemical quenching, which is crucial for optimal photosynthesis under variable conditions. Our studies showed wild‐type plants had enhanced tolerance to UV‐C‐induced cell death (CD) upon induction of light memory by a blue or red light. However, npq4‐1 plants, which lack PsbS, as well as plants overexpressing this protein (oePsbS), responded differently. Untreated oePsbS appeared more tolerant to UV‐C exposure, whereas npq4‐1 was unable to adequately induce cross‐tolerance to UV‐C. Similarly, light memory induced by episodic blue or red light was differently deregulated in npq‐4 and oePsbS, as indicated by transcriptomic analyses, measurements of the trans‐thylakoid pH gradient, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, and measurements of foliar surface electrical potential. The mechanism of the foliar CD development seemed to be unaffected in the analysed plants and is associated with chloroplast breakdown. Our results suggest a novel, substantial role for PsbS as a regulator of chloroplast retrograde signalling for light memory, light acclimation, CD, and cross‐tolerance to UV radiation.