bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diaphragmatic dysfunction in dogs with cervical spinal disorders before and after surgery using fluoroscopy, motion‐mode ultrasound and radiography was not different than a group of control dogs
Authors: Drury Brandy L. , Brinkman Erin L. , Gambino Jennifer M. , Lee Alison M. , Wills Robert W. , Beasley Michaela J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCervical spinal disorders can lead to life‐threatening respiratory complications. Diaphragmatic dysfunction is attributed to spinal cord morbidity secondary to cervical myelopathy or decompressive surgical intervention. The purpose of this observational case‐control study was to determine the frequency of diaphragmatic dysfunction in dogs with cervical spinal disorders and a control group, the strength of association between cervical myelopathies and decompressive surgery with diaphragm paresis, and the agreement between and clinical usefulness of fluoroscopy, motion‐mode ultrasonography, and radiography for diagnosing diaphragmatic dysfunction. Thirty‐five client‐owned dogs were recruited with 14 control dogs and 21 test dogs. Dogs were evaluated for the presence of diaphragmatic dysfunction using radiography, M‐mode ultrasonography, and fluoroscopy before and after an anesthetic or surgical event. Diaphragmatic dysfunction was observed more frequently in dogs with cervical spinal disease prior to surgery (8/21; 38.1%) compared to control dogs (3/14; 21.4%) but was not statistically significant (P = .30). The occurrence of diaphragmatic dysfunction did not significantly increase following surgical decompression in either group. There was no to slight agreement between all imaging modalities. Most dogs with diaphragmatic dysfunction were asymptomatic. Diaphragmatic dysfunction was not statistically associated with cervical myelopathy or decompressive surgery. Ultrasonography and radiography were not useful diagnostic tests for determining diaphragmatic dysfunction in asymptomatic dogs when compared to fluoroscopy.
Come Fly with Me
Authors: Sukel Kayt 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Each year, flight enthusiasts from all over the globe descend on Oshkosh, Wis., for Air Venture, to see fighter jet fly-bys, world-class aerobatics, and outstanding fire works. But this past year, one of the highlights of the show’s Innovation Showcase was a GoFly Prize challenge set amidst a field of new technologies poised to transform the aeronautical industry. This article showcases a few of the innovative entries including an electric vertical take-off and landing drone and an octocopter.
FERMENTATION REACTIONS OF
ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE
Authors: White Thomas G. , Shuman Richard D. 
Published: January 2020

White, Thomas
G. (U. S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa),
and Richard D. Shuman
. Fermentation reactions of
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
. J. Bacteriol.
82:
595–599. 1961.—A study was made to determine the effect of four different basal media, to which fermentable carbon compounds had been added, upon 22 selected strains of
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
(
insidiosa
). Acid production was measured by (i) chemical indicator, (ii) change in pH, and (iii) production of titrable acidity. At least two determinations, usually four, were made for each test on each strain.

The fermentation pattern varied according to the medium, the indicator, and the method of measuring acid production. Andrade's base plus serum was the most dependable medium because it permitted the least variation in the total number of different patterns. Of the three methods used to measure acid production, the chemical indicator gave the most valid and reproducible results.
The within-strain variation was not extreme and most strains persisted in a given fermentation pattern under like conditions of growth and acid production. Results of the study indicated that, regardless of the medium and indicator routinely used, one should be familiar with the fermentation pattern of known strains of the erysipelas organism.
Quantity of plastic waste input into the ocean from China based on a material flow analysis model
Authors: Bai Mengyu , Li Daoji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Marine plastic waste has been an important global environmental issue in recent years, and quantifying the amount of global marine plastic waste input is vital for control and mitigation. However, determining an accurate quantity of oceanic plastics is challenging because comprehensive monitoring data are difficult to obtain on national and global scales. To understand the contribution of China in global marine plastic waste input, we used a material flow analysis (MFA) method, which is included in lifecycle assessment and combines statistical data from China’s official statistics, reports, and NPO (nonprofit organization) to establish an MFA model. The model assesses the lifecycle of plastics, which starts with primary plastic, passes the stage of plastic product, and eventually becomes plastic waste. With the MFA model, the annual amount of plastic waste entering the ocean from China from 2011 to 2020 can be calculated. In 2011, 0.65 million tonnes of plastic waste entered the ocean from China, and the quantity rose slowly until 2016. A rapid decline appeared in 2018 because of China’s governmental managements and the quantity will continue to decrease until 2020. Our results indicate the amount of oceanic plastics has a strong correlation with government control measures.
Relação entre representação e hábitos alimentares
Authors: Souza Jorge Victor De Araújo 
Published: January 2020

Durante a conquista do Novo Mundo, a arte europeia da gravura encontrava-se em seu apogeu. E do mesmo modo que as gravuras chegavam à América, a América ganhava espaço nas pranchas dos gravadores europeus. Os territórios então colonizados forneceram um rico repertório de temáticas aos gravadores. No entanto, obviamente, não só as regiões das Américas foram representadas. Os livros que investigaremos tratam de outras regiões que foram alcançadas na expansão ultramarina europeia na Ásia e na África. Nesse sentido, nossa pesquisa está inserida numa perspectiva do fazer historiográfico que conecta territórios que em geral são estudados de forma isolada. Partimos do pressuposto de que imagens conectavam espaços geográficos, tanto quanto as próprias embarcações.
No livro Um mundo em movimento, Russel-Wood escreveu uma síntese da expansão marítima portuguesa privilegiando o fluxo constante de pessoas, mercadorias, exemplares da fauna e da flora. A historiadora Patricia Seed destacou de forma comparativa a ocupação territorial no Novo Mundo e suas cerimônias de posse como atos identitários, casos como o da leitura do “requerimento” entre os espanhóis, a missa entre os portugueses e o levantar de cercas entre os ingleses. Pesquisas como a de Russel-Wood, Boxer, Seed e, mais recentemente, Diogo Ramada Curto e Serge Gruzinski mostram que a partir de uma perspectiva comparativa as dinâmicas do Mundo Atlântico podem ser melhor compreendidas.
As “quatro partes do mundo” foram iconograficamente representadas sob a forma de alegorias femininas. Em nossa comunicação, analisaremos, em gravuras europeias, os atributos em forma de alimentos que eram relacionados com as respectivas alegorias da Ásia, África e América. Será que se pudessem exercer a autorrepresentação, os nativos do Novo Mundo escolheriam o cacau como um atributo identitário? E os habitantes das “índias orientais”, por sua vez, escolheriam o chá para identificá-los? Em outras palavras, nos interessa identificar os principais alimentos que compunham um vocabulário visual que ajudou a forjar “identidades mundializadas”, e que eram, na verdade, fruto do imaginário colonizador. Para tal, partiremos das reflexões empreendidas por Stuart Hall sobre as relações entre “representação e identidade”, e das proposições de François Hartog sobre enunciados de viajantes e operações de alteridade. O acervo de gravuras que utilizaremos será o Archive of Early American Images da John Carter Brown Library.
Microvascular Disease in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Gerges Christian , Gerges Mario , Friewald Richard , Fesler Pierre , Dorfmüller Peter , Sharma Smriti , Karlocai Kristof , Skoro-Sajer Nika , Jakowitsch Johannes , Moser Bernhard , Taghavi Shahrokh , Klepetko Walter , Lang Irene M. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the gold standard treatment for patients with operable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. However, persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) after PEA remains a major determinant of poor prognosis. A concomitant small-vessel arteriopathy in addition to major pulmonary artery obstruction has been suggested to play an important role in the development of persistent PH and survival after PEA. One of the greatest unmet needs in the current preoperative evaluation is to assess the presence and severity of small-vessel arteriopathy. Using the pulmonary artery occlusion technique, we sought to assess the presence and degree of small-vessel disease in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension undergoing PEA to predict postoperative outcome before surgery.

Methods:

Based on pulmonary artery occlusion waveforms yielding an estimate of the effective capillary pressure, we partitioned pulmonary vascular resistance in larger arterial (upstream resistance [R

up

]) and small arterial plus venous components (downstream resistance) in 90 patients before PEA. For validation, lung wedge biopsies were taken from nonobstructed and obstructed lung territories during PEA in 49 cases. Biopsy sites were chosen according to the pulmonary angiogram still frames that were mounted in the operating room. All vessels per specimen were measured in each patient. Percent media (%MT; arteries) and intima thickness (%IT; arteries, veins, and indeterminate vessels) were calculated relative to external vessel diameter.

Results:

Decreased R

up

was an independent predictor of persistent PH (odds ratio per 10%, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.23–0.69];
P
=0.001) and survival (hazard ratio per 10%, 0.03 [95% CI, 0.00–0.33];
p
=0.004). Arterial %MT and %IT of nonobstructed lung territories and venous %IT of obstructed lung territories were significantly increased in patients with persistent PH and nonsurvivors. R

up

correlated inversely with %MT (
r
=–0.72,
P
<0.001) and %IT (
r
=–0.62,
P
<0.001) of arteries from nonobstructed lung territories and with %IT (
r
=–0.44,
P
=0.024) of veins from obstructed lung territories. Receiver operating characteristic analysis disclosed that R

up

<66% predicted persistent PH after PEA, whereas R

up

<60% identified patients with poor prognosis after PEA.

Conclusions:

Pulmonary artery occlusion waveform analysis with estimation of R

up

seems to be a valuable technique for assessing the degree of small-vessel disease and postoperative outcome after PEA in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Improved Survival With Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Despite Progressive Metabolic Derangement Associated With Prolonged Resuscitation
Authors: Bartos Jason A. , Grunau Brian , Carlson Claire , Duval Sue , Ripeckyj Adrian , Kalra Rajat , Raveendran Ganesh , John Ranjit , Conterato Marc , Frascone Ralph J. , Trembley Alexander , Aufderheide Tom P. , Yannopoulos Demetris 
Published: January 2020

Background:
The likelihood of neurologically favorable survival declines with prolonged resuscitation. However, the ability of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) to modulate this decline is unknown. Our aim was to examine the effects of resuscitation duration on survival and metabolic profile in patients who undergo ECPR for refractory ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated survival in 160 consecutive adults with refractory ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated with the University of Minnesota (UMN) ECPR protocol (transport with ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for ECPR) compared with 654 adults who had received standard CPR in the amiodarone arm of the ALPS trial (Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo Study). We evaluated the metabolic changes and rate of survival in relation to duration of CPR in UMN-ECPR patients.

Results:

Neurologically favorable survival was significantly higher in UMN-ECPR patients versus ALPS patients (33% versus 23%;
P
=0.01) overall. The mean duration of CPR was also significantly longer for UMN-ECPR patients versus ALPS patients (60 minutes versus 35 minutes;
P
<0.001). Analysis of the effect of CPR duration on neurologically favorable survival demonstrated significantly higher neurologically favorable survival for UMN-ECPR patients compared with ALPS patients at each CPR duration interval <60 minutes; however, longer CPR duration was associated with a progressive decline in neurologically favorable survival in both groups. All UMN-ECPR patients with 20 to 29 minutes of CPR (8 of 8) survived with neurologically favorable status compared with 24% (24 of 102) of ALPS patients with the same duration of CPR. There were no neurologically favorable survivors in the ALPS cohort with CPR ≥40 minutes, whereas neurologically favorable survival was 25% (9 of 36) for UMN-ECPR patients with 50 to 59 minutes of CPR and 19% with ≥60 minutes of CPR. Relative risk of mortality or poor neurological function was significantly reduced in UMN-ECPR patients with CPR duration ≥60 minutes. Significant metabolic changes included decline in pH, increased lactic acid and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and thickened left ventricular wall with prolonged professional CPR.

Conclusions:
ECPR was associated with improved neurologically favorable survival at all CPR durations <60 minutes despite severe progressive metabolic derangement. However, CPR duration remains a critical determinate of survival.
Smoking Status and Functional Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Matsuo Ryu , Ago Tetsuro , Kiyuna Fumi , Sato Noriko , Nakamura Kuniyuki , Kuroda Junya , Wakisaka Yoshinobu , Kitazono Takanari ,   on behalf of the Fukuoka Stroke Registry Investigators
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—
Smoking is an established risk factor for stroke; however, it is uncertain whether prestroke smoking status affects clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke. This study aimed to elucidate the association between smoking status and functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Using a multicenter hospital-based stroke registry in Japan, we investigated 10 825 patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized between July 2007 and December 2017 who had been independent before stroke onset. Smoking status was categorized into those who had never smoked (nonsmokers), former smokers, and current smokers. Clinical outcomes included poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≥2) and functional dependence (modified Rankin Scale score 2–5) at 3 months. We adjusted for potential confounding factors using a logistic regression analysis.

Results—

The mean age of patients was 70.2±12.2 years, and 37.0% were women. There were 4396 (42.7%) nonsmokers, 3328 (32.4%) former smokers, and 2561 (24.9%) current smokers. The odds ratio (95% CI) for poor functional outcome after adjusting for confounders increased in current smokers (1.29 [1.11–1.49] versus nonsmokers) but not in former smokers (1.05 [0.92–1.21] versus nonsmokers). However, among the former smokers, the odds ratio of poor functional outcome was higher in those who quit smoking within 2 years of stroke onset (1.75 [1.15–2.66] versus nonsmokers). The risk of poor functional outcome tended to increase as the number of daily cigarettes increased in current smokers (
P
for trend=0.002). All these associations were maintained for functional dependence.

Conclusions—
Current and recent smoking is associated with an increased risk of unfavorable functional outcomes at 3 months after acute ischemic stroke.

Registration—

URL:
http://www.fukuoka-stroke.net/english/index.html
. Unique identifier: 000000800.
Upsurge of malaria transmission after indoor residual spraying withdrawal in Atacora region in Benin, West Africa
Authors: Aïkpon Rock Yves , Padonou Gil , Dagnon Fortuné , Ossè Razaki , Ogouyemi Hounto Aurore , Tokponon Filémon , Aïkpon Gorgias , Lyikirenga Laurent , Akogbéto Martin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
In Benin, malaria vector control mostly relies on long-lasting, insecticidal-treated bed nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) operations. From 2011 to 2016, an IRS programme has been implemented in Atacora region. However, in 2017 the programme was withdrawn from two other regions in the northern part of the country, with hopes that gains would be relatively sustained because of the seasonality of malaria transmission. What would be the vulnerability of populations to malaria after the withdrawal of IRS?

Methods
Monthly mosquito collections were performed through human landing captures (HLCs) for 24 months (from January to December 2016 during the last IRS campaign, and from January to December 2018, 2 years after the withdrawal of IRS). Vector mosquitoes biting density was sampled by HLC and was tested for presence of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. The carcass of these mosquitoes (abdomens, wing, legs) were subjected to molecular species identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays.

Results
It is noticed a drastic increase (~ 3 times higher) of vector abundance after the withdrawal of IRS. Mosquito biting rates in the 3 survey districts increased significantly after IRS was withdrawn. In 2018, after IRS cessation a significant increase of entomological inoculation rate was recorded, where each inhabitant received an average of 94.9 infected bites/year to 129.21 infected bites/year against an average of 17.15 infected bites/year to 24.82 infected bites/year in 2016.

Conclusion
It is obvious that the withdrawal of IRS confers a vulnerability of the population with regard to the malaria transmission. Robust monitoring is needed to better understand when and where IRS should be most adequate, or can be safely withdrawn. In case of withdrawal, adapted accompanying measures should be proposed according to the context not only to maintain the gains capitalized with IRS, but also to avoid any rebound of transmission.
Effects of long non-coding RNA Gm14461 on pain transmission in trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Xu Mu , Yan Yi , Zhu Mengye , Wang Zhijian , Zhang Xuexue , Zhang Daying 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aims to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA Gm14461 in regulating pain transmission in trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The mouse TN model was produced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). The values of mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) were measured to assess the nociception of mice at different times after CCI-ION surgery (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 d). The primary mouse trigeminal ganglion neurons (TGNs) were isolated from C57BL/6 J mice and treated with TNF-α to mimic a TN cellular model. The expression of Gm14461, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was examined using qRT-PCR. The protein levels of CGRP and P2X3/7 receptor were measured using western blot.

Results
Gm14461 expression was increased in trigeminal ganglia (TGs) of TN mice on the operation side. Furthermore, Gm14461 knockdown in TGs increased, whereas Gm14461 overexpression decreased MWT in TN mice. Moreover, Gm14461 knockdown downregulated, whereas Gm14461 overexpression upregulated mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and protein levels of CGRP and P2X3/7 receptor in TGs from TN mice. In vitro assay showed that Gm14461 was upregulated by TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Additionally, Gm14461 knockdown decreased protein levels of CGRP and P2X3/7 receptor in TNF-α-treated TGNs, whereas Gm14461 overexpression exerted the opposite effect.

Conclusion
Gm14461 promoted pain transmission (reduced MWT value) in a CCI-ION-induced mouse TN model. The underlying mechanisms might involve the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, CGRP and P2X3/7 receptor.
Axicabtagene ciloleucel CD19 CAR-T cell therapy results in high rates of systemic and neurologic remissions in ten patients with refractory large B cell lymphoma including two with HIV and viral hepatitis
Authors: Abbasi Ahmed , Peeke Stephen , Shah Nishi , Mustafa Jennat , Khatun Fariha , Lombardo Amanda , Abreu Michelly , Elkind Richard , Fehn Karen , de Castro Alyssa , Wang Yanhua , Derman Olga , Nelson Randin , Uehlinger Joan , Gritsman Kira , Sica R. Alejandro , Kornblum Noah , Mantzaris Ioannis , Shastri Aditi , Janakiram Murali , Goldfinger Mendel , Verma Amit , Braunschweig Ira , Bachier-Rodriguez Lizamarie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAxicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel) is a CD-19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell therapy approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We treated ten patients with DLBCL post-FDA approval in an inner-city tertiary center in the Bronx. Eight patients (80%) had received ≥ 3 lines of therapy, six patients had received prior radiation, and seven had recurrent disease after prior autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHCT). Our cohort included one patient with HIV, two patients with hepatitis B, and two patients with CNS involvement of lymphoma. Axi-cel treatment led to significant responses with 8/10 patients achieving a complete remission at 3 months, including both patients with prior CNS involvement. The treatment was generally well tolerated with 20% of patients experiencing grade ≥ 2 CRS. One patient each with HIV and hepatitis B responded without significant toxicities. In conclusion, Axi-cel led to significant efficacy with manageable toxicity in DLBCL in a real-world setting.