bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An open letter to the editors of the Journal of Language and Sexuality
Authors: Lane Nikki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this open letter, I ask the editors of the Journal and its readers, to reflect on the Journal’s relationship to
studies of language and Black sexuality, and consider new ways to reach scholars of Black life, culture, and language. Studies of
Black language practices rarely deal with the ways that Black language practices are often complicated by gender/sexuality. And
yet, there are scholars doing this work, but like Queer Linguistics, it often doesn’t “look” that way that
typical studies of language are supposed to look. This is because linguistics and linguistic anthropology as
disciplines have often failed to capture the imagination and attention of these scholars; it is not because studies of Black
sexuality and language do not exist. I encourage the Journal then to seek out these studies and to do so with a sense of
urgency.
“Ties that bind”
Authors: Webster Lexi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Few in the humanities and social sciences will doubt the long-standing historical conflation of sex, sexuality and
gender both within and without academia. Despite research and socio-political movements aiming for the contrary, it continues even
now. This paper discusses the ongoing conflation between these interrelated but independent social categories in current
linguistic research, including how it can serve to reflect and reinforce socio-political antagonism outside of academia. I propose
two potential directions of travel: (1) welcoming ideological pluralism between scholars on the primacy of either sex, gender or
sexuality; and (2) horizontally disaggregating the three categories. I argue that engaging with both strategies in tandem serves
to benefit researchers, participants and the public. The former encourages trust in academic research during a time wherein that
trust is waning. The latter enables an analytical distinction between sex, gender, and sexuality in linguistic research, whilst
continuing to acknowledge their interrelatedness. Implemented together, they will allow researchers to embed research in the 21st
century, which entails pluralistic and competing socio-political activism between equally deserving groups.
Nuance and normativity in trans linguistic research
Authors: Konnelly Lex 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhilenormativityhas been central to queer linguistic research, the emergent field of trans linguistics provides opportunities for greater nuance and elaboration on the concept. Drawing from interviews with non-binary people documenting their narratives of doctor-patient visits, I present a series of recounted interactional moments where what might be considered ‘normative’ is in fact a survival strategy, highlighting how we might view certain invocations of the transnormative (Johnson 2016) in more complicated ways. Notions ofnormativityandauthenticity, which are too often weaponized against trans people as a means to measure their ‘success’ in approximating cisheteronormative ideals, are not easily transported from queer linguistics to trans linguistics. As concepts imbricated with a history of violence for trans people, they must be treated with care and responsibility, as part of an active devotion to dismantling transphobia.
Assay of potassium hydrogen phthalate
Authors: Liandi MA , Bing WU , Ortiz-Aparicio José Luis , Rivera-Sánchez Griselda , Manzano Judith Velina Lara , Waters Jason F , Mariassy Michal 
Published: December 2020

Main text
The CCQM-K34.2016.1 was organized as a subsequent key comparison of CCQM-K34.2016 assay of potassium hydrogen phthalate to demonstrate the improved capability of the laboratories which did not perform well in the original CCQM-K34.2016. The key comparisons were organized jointly by the working groups of inorganic analysis and electrochemistry analysis. National Institute of Metrology P. R. China (NIM) acted as the coordinating laboratory, and NIM and SMU (Slovak Institute of Metrology) served as linking laboratories to link to the CCQM-K34.2016 key comparison reference value (KCRV). CENAM, NIST and VNIIFTRI registered in K34.2016.1, however, VNIIFTRI gave up participating in the comparison due to failure to get the samples through the customs clearance in Russia. All participants used constant current coulometry for measurement, and improved capabilities were demonstrated.
The scope is same as in CCQM-K34.2016. The comparison tested the capabilities and methods used for assay of high purity materials. Good result indicates good performance in assaying the purity （amount content）of solid weak acids.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Carbonaceous-MoS2 nanoflower-based counter electrodes for bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Francis Mathew K , Balaji Bhargav P , Santhosh N , Ahmed Nafis , Balaji C , Govindaraj R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
MoS2-based transition metal dichalcogenide nanoflowers are synthesized using the hydrothermal method and their potential as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is examined. Structural analysis of synthesized MoS2 is analysed using x-ray diffraction spectra and Raman spectroscopy. The morphology and microstructural properties are investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, respectively. DSSCs are fabricated using different counter electrodes (MoS2, MoS2-carbon black and MoS2-high conductive carbon paste (HCP)), which are deposited using a simple spin-coating method and annealed at a temperature of 80 °C. The electrochemical properties of the fabricated counter electrodes are studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Among the different counter electrodes, MoS2–HCP shows better electrochemical performance. The high electrocatalytic and conducting nature of the MoS2–HCP-based counter electrode produces 5% power conversion efficiency, which is comparable to expensive Pt-based counter electrodes (5.4%). To demonstrate the bifacial concept of DSSC, 2.2% power conversion efficiency is attained with rear-side illumination under one sun (100 mW cm−2, AM 1.5 G).
On the occurrence of the worst drought in South Asia in the observed and future climate
Authors: Aadhar Saran , Mishra Vimal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Droughts in South Asia pose substantial challenges to water resources, agricultural, and socio-economic growth of more than two billion people. However, the most detrimental soil moisture droughts, their impacts, and occurrence in the observed and projected climate in South Asia remain unidentified. We conducted soil moisture simulations using the variable infiltration capacity model and meteorological forcing based on the four global observational products (Climate Research Unit, WATCH-Forcing-Data-ERA-Interim, University of Delaware, and Princeton) to identify the worst soil moisture drought during 1951–2016. The worst soil moisture drought during the observed record occurred in 2002 and affected more than 65% of South Asia and resulted in a decline in rice yield (∼400 kg ha−1). A large uncertainty based on the four observational products was found in the number of drought spells and their characteristics. We estimated the frequency of droughts that exceeded the overall severity score of the worst drought during 1951–2016 under the future climate using 40 simulations from Community Earth System Model-Large Ensemble. The frequency of the worst droughts is projected to increase by about 1.5 times in the future (2035–2100) in comparison to the historic (1951–2016) climate. The worst droughts in the future are likely to be more intense and widespread in South Asia. A considerable influence of industrial aerosols was found on the occurrence of the worst droughts in South Asia. Our findings have implications for food and water security in one of the most densely populated regions in the world.
Permafrost sensitivity to global warming of 1.5 °C and 2 °C in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhao Dongsheng , Wei Junqi , Zhuang Qianlai , Gao Xuan , Zhu Yu , Zhang Jiacheng , Guo Caiyun , Zheng Du 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Permafrost degradation induced by climate warming is widely observed in the Northern Hemisphere. However, changes in permafrost sensitivity to climate warming (PSCW) in the future remains unclear. This study examined the changes in permafrost distribution in the Northern Hemisphere under global warming of 1.5 °C and 2 °C, and then characterized the spatial and temporal characteristics of PSCW. Global warming of 1.5 °C and 2 °C would result in 17.8 ± 5.3% and 28.3 ± 7.2% degradation of permafrost area under the climate scenario of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5, respectively, and 18.7 ± 4.6% and 28.1 ± 7.2% under the RCP 8.5, respectively. Permafrost tends to be more sensitive to climate change under the RCP 8.5 than RCP 4.5. PSCW shows small temporal variations in the 21st century under both RCPs, indicating a relatively stable sensitivity to warming on a hemisphere scale. However, PSCW varies greatly among regions, with high values at low latitudes and low values towards high latitudes. Air temperature is a major cause for the spatial heterogeneity of PSCW, explaining 66% of its variations. Permafrost under a warmer climate scenario tends to be more sensitive to the warming. Reducing snow depth and rising air temperature collectively enhances the permafrost sensitivity. Increasing in soil water content, by contrast, reduces the effect of warming. Permafrost in the south of the Northern Hemisphere is most vulnerable to climate warming. Our study highlights that permafrost in the region will respond differently under different warming scenarios across space (e.g. north vs south) and time (e.g. summer vs winter) in this century.
An algorithm for simulating Brownian increments on a sphere
Authors: Mijatović Aleksandar , Mramor Veno , Bravo Gerónimo Uribe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a novel formula for the transition density of the Brownian motion on a sphere of any dimension and discusses an algorithm for the simulation of the increments of the spherical Brownian motion based on this formula. The formula for the density is derived from an observation that a suitably transformed radial process (with respect to the geodesic distance) can be identified as a Wright–Fisher diffusion process. Such processes satisfy a duality (a kind of symmetry) with a certain coalescent processes and this in turn yields a spectral representation of the transition density, which can be used for exact simulation of their increments using the results of Jenkins and Spanò (2017 Ann. Appl. Probab.
27 1478–09). The symmetry then yields the algorithm for the simulation of the increments of the Brownian motion on a sphere. We analyse the algorithm numerically and show that it remains stable when the time-step parameter is not too small.
High-performance large-area WS2-based transistors by a novel tin-oxide assisted liquid-phase exfoliation: doping adjustment by plasma treatment
Authors: Esfandiari Mehrnaz , Kamaei Sadegh , Rajabali Mona , Mohajerzadeh Shamosddin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report a novel strategy to stitch small WS2 flakes to form larger features in liquid-phase exfoliation. Owing to the initial granular size of the bulk WS2, which, is around 2 µm, the use of conventional liquid-based exfoliation techniques leads to small area nanoflakes with sizes around 1 μm. However, by joining smaller flakes through tin-oxide quantum dot (SnO2 QD) decoration during probe sonication, sheets up to 20 μm are achieved. The neighboring flakes could stitch together to form larger features through the Sn–S and Sn–O bonds at their lateral sides of their flakes and to realize mosaic arrangement of arbitrary shaped larger sheets. While the original WS2 flakes show n-type behavior, an interesting conversion into a p-channel behavior is observed upon addition of SnO2 QDs followed by additional SF6 plasma treatment process. Additionally, we have investigated the use of SF6 plasma treatment to enhance the carrier mobility and on-off ratio of the field effect transistors, yielding an effective field-effect-mobility of 80 cm2 V−1 s−1 and relatively high on/off current ratio of 105, indicating its superior electronic properties.
Defect-nucleated phase transition in atomically-thin WS2
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Liu Weiwei , Zhang Bin , Sateesh Bandaru , Yuan Lijun , Zhu Dancheng , Guan Pengfei , Pennycook Stephen J , Guo Junjie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Precise control of phase transitions in polymorphic 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is expected to play a key role in modern intelligent devices. However, an atomic-scale understanding and thus control of the phase transitions in the atomically-thin TMDs have not been reached, especially in some metastable phases. Here, in metastable monolayer 1T′ WS2, we demonstrate the dynamics of a phase transition nucleated from atomic defects by the means of time-resolved annular dark-field imaging and atomic-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy. It is found that the atomic and electronic structure of the 1T′ phase is inhomogeneous, which is decided by zone-dependent W–S bond strengths due to a Peierls-like structure distortion. Meanwhile, the W–S bonding is flexible to allow large nonequilibrium atom shifts for phase transition. Thus, just a few atomic defects can stabilize the atomic-scale nucleus of the new phase to initialize the phase transition from 1T′ to 1H locally. Our finding reveals the possibility of controlling the phase transitions in 2D materials by defect engineering.
Coal-fly-ash magnetic sphere based magnetic adsorbent for multiple-dye adsorption
Authors: Li Meng , Li Jianjun , Peng Xujie , Hu Tianyu , Zhang Liting , Rong Xin , Xue Changguo , Xu Linfeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Owing to the synergetic characteristics of effective adsorption and magnetic separation, adsorption using magnetic adsorbents was regarded as one of the most promising methods for synthetic dye removal. Herein, a green, cheap, and efficient magnetic adsorbent was synthesized by a simple chemical oxidation in situ polymerization method. Processed coal-fly-ash magnetic spheres (CMS) were employed as the magnetic core material. A polyaniline (PANI) layer was covered on the CMS@SiO2 surface to form a core–shell structural magnetic adsorbent, CMS@SiO2@PANI. Careful investigations showed that the PANI layer was composed of nanorods of dozen nanometers in width and several microns in length, which forms an interconnected network and covers the overall surface of the core. The saturation magnetization of CMS@SiO2@PANI is as high as 30.99 emu·g−1, enabling efficient magnetic separation. It showed high selective adsorption for various synthetic dyes. The highest adsorption capacity for cationic dyes Methyl Orange and Congo Red was tested as 216.72 and 413.49 mg g−1 at pH 3, respectively, while that for anionic dyes Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B were 108.65 and 41.49 mg g−1 at pH 11, respectively. Systematic adsorption studies suggest that the pH value of the water has a significant influence on the surface properties of PANI, as well as the molecular structure and functional groups of the dyes. This could affect the interaction between PANI and dye molecules significantly. Thus, the multiple-dye adsorption performance of CMS@SiO2@PANI could be adjusted by adjusting the pH value. The adsorption kinetics and isothermal simulation results show that the dye adsorption is dominated by the monolayer chemical adsorption, and electrostatic attraction plays a vital role in the adsorption process. The multiple-dye adsorption of CMS@SiO2@PANI could be explained as a two-step process.
Magnetic characteristics of LaMnO3+δ
thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering in an O2/Ar mixture gas
Authors: Yufeng Chen , Wang Geming , Zhengfeng Sun , Shenggao Wang , Yangwu Mao , Quanrong Deng , Jingjing Yang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, LaMnO3+δ
thin films have been successfully fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering using different O2/Ar flux ratios. The crystal structures, morphologies, stoichiometry, surface chemical states and magnetic properties of films are thoroughly characterized by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The magnetic characteristics of LaMnO3+δ
films are systematically studied with the transformation from Mn3+ to Mn4+, which is strongly controlled by the deposited O2/Ar flux ratios. We demonstrate that LaMnO3+δ
films undergo an antiferromagnet, the coexistence of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism and a robust ferromagnetism ordering by the variation of Mn3+/Mn4+ ratios. The LMO film deposited in pure argon atmosphere shows negligible FM signal and an inconspicuous TC. With the increase of deposited O2/Ar flux ratios, the Curie temperature of LMO films increases from 100 K to 224 K and then decreases to 140 K and meanwhile the irreversibility temperature fluctuates between 24 K and 100 K. The appearance of cluster glass state and the unexpected exchange bias phenomenon where the film deposited at highest O2/Ar flux ratio has a HEB ∼ 115 Oe is observed. All these evolutions of magnetization characteristics are discussed in terms of the strength of ferromagnetic interactions and the degree of competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in LaMnO3+δ
films. Our work serves as prerequisites for LaMnO3-based magnetic heterostructures grown by RF magnetron sputtering.
Effect of edge turbulent transport on scrape-off layer width on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: WU Ting , XU Min , NIE Lin , YU Yi , XU Jianqiang , LONG Ting , HE Yu , CHENG Jun , YAN Longwen , HUANG Zhihui , KE Rui , SHI Peng , WANG Shuo , LIU Bing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Effect of edge turbulent transport on scrape-off layer (SOL) width has been investigated in Ohmically heated L-mode plasma under limiter configurations on HL-2A tokamak. It has been found that SOL width is doubled when plasma current decreases about 20%. With larger plasma current, E × B shear is stronger and has greater suppression effect on edge turbulent transport. SOL width is larger when power of relative density fluctuation level in the edge region is larger. It is concluded that edge turbulent transport plays a significant role on SOL width. These experimental findings may provide a better understanding and controlling of power exhaust for present and future fusion devices.
A Model of Stock-Market-Based Rulemaking
Authors: Lee Yoon-Ho Alex 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We consider the extent to which a government regulator can harness information about a proposed rule from observing the stock price movements of the affected firms—information the regulator may in turn use to deliberate whether to adopt the rule. The rule comes with an uninformed ex ante (expected) value, which can be positive or negative. We find that if the rule’s ex ante value is positive and the regulator fully relies on the aggregate market reaction to guide its decision, then with many firms in the market, prices will exhibit maximal informativeness. When the ex ante value is negative, however, the regulator’s reliance on the market will dampen speculators’ incentives to gather information, and prices will become completely uninformative. This latter effect, however, can be mitigated if the regulator’s reliance is only partial. We also consider the presence of stakeholders who may be motivated to manipulate the market to steer the regulator toward privately beneficial outcomes. We find that with many firms in the market, such stakeholders’ incentives to manipulate will dissipate. The theoretical findings of this article suggest the potential benefits of a stock-market-based rulemaking mechanism in the absence of other forms of reliable empirical evidence.
Two maize cultivars of contrasting leaf size show different leaf elongation rates with identical patterns of extension dynamics and coordination
Authors: Vidal Tiphaine , Aissaoui Hafssa , Rehali Sabrina , Andrieu Bruno 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Simulating leaf development from initiation to maturity opens new possibilities to model plant–environment interactions and the plasticity of plant architecture. This study analyses the dynamics of leaf production and extension along a maize (Zea mays) shoot to assess important modelling choices. Maize plants from two cultivars originating from the same inbred line, yet differing in the length of mature leaves were used in this study. We characterized the dynamics of the blade and sheath lengths of all phytomers by dissecting plants every 2–3 days. We analysed how differences in leaf size were built up and we examined the coordination between the emergence of organs and phases of their extension. Leaf extension rates were higher in the cultivar with longer leaves than in the cultivar with shorter leaves; no differences were found in other aspects. We found that (i) first post-embryonic leaves were initiated at a markedly higher rate than upper leaves; (ii) below ear position, sheaths were initiated at a time intermediate between tip emergence and appearance, while above the ear position, sheaths were initiated at a high rate, such that the time interval between the blade and sheath initiations decreased for these leaves; and (iii) ear position also marked a change in the correlation in size between successive phytomers with little correlation of size between upper and lower leaves. Our results identified leaf extension rate as the reason for the difference in size between the two cultivars. The two cultivars shared the same pattern for the timing of initiation events, which was more complex than previously thought. The differences described here may explain some inaccuracies reported in functional–structural plant models. We speculate that genotypic variation in behaviour for leaf and sheath initiation exists, which has been little documented in former studies.
Incipient hybrid inferiority between recently introduced, diverging dung beetle populations
Authors: Macagno Anna L M , Edgerton Trevor J , Moczek Armin P 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding why and how certain clades emerge as speciation hotspots is a fundamental objective of evolutionary biology. Here we investigate divergences between exotic Onthophagus taurus, a dung beetle introduced into the USA and Australia in the 1970s, as a potential model for the widespread recent speciation events characterizing the genus Onthophagus. To do so, we hybridized O. taurus derived from Eastern US (EUS) and Western Australian (WA) populations, and assessed fitness-relevant trait expression in first- and second-generation hybrids. We found that dams invest more in offspring provisioning when paired with a sire from the same population, and that WA dams crossed with EUS sires produce smaller and lighter F1 hybrids, with an unexpectedly male-biased sex ratio. Furthermore, fewer F2 hybrids with vertically inherited WA cytoplasm and microbiome emerged compared with WA backcrosses with WA cytoplasm/microbiome, suggesting that combinations of nuclear genome, cytoplasm and/or microbiome may contribute to hybrid viability. Lastly, we document a dominance of WA genotypes over body size at the point of inflection between minor and major male morphs, a trait of significance in mate competition, which has diverged remarkably between these populations. We discuss our results in light of the evolutionary ecology of onthophagine beetles and the role of developmental evolution in clade diversification.