bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visitas reales y lugares de la memoria: el mariscal Suchet, José I y Fernando VII en Valencia = Royal visits and places of memory: The marshal Suchet, José I and Fernando VII in Valencia
Authors: Hernando Serra María Pilar 
Published: May 2020

Resumen: Desde siempre las visitas reales fueron uno de los acontecimientos festivos más significativos que se podía vivir en una ciudad. La presencia del rey en la misma significaba la alianza del pueblo con su soberano. Era un acto social, pero sobre todo político. Durante la Guerra de la Independencia estas ceremonias estuvieron cargados de una simbología que se fijó sobre todo en la propia guerra: sus héroes, sus victorias, la fe amenazada o su rey cautivo. Los valencianos también tuvieron ocasión de festejar la presencia de la autoridad real en la ciudad. José I y Fernando VII estarían en Valencia en dos momentos bien distintos. Además, la ciudad también tuvo que recibir, con honores de rey, al que sería su máxima autoridad con el título de gobernador de la misma, el mariscal Suchet. Para la mayoría de la población, dos de ellos eran intrusos; el otro, era el deseado.Palabras clave: Fernando VII, Guerra de la Independencia, José I, Suchet, Vistas reales, Valencia.Abstract: Royal visits have always been one of the most significant festive events that could be experienced in a city. The presence of the king in it meant the alliance of the people with their sovereign. It was a social act, but above all a political one. During the Peninsular War, these ceremonies were charged with a symbolism that focused above all on the war itself: its heroes, its victories, its threatened faith or its captive king. The Valencians also had the opportunity to celebrate the presence of the royal authority in the city. José I and Fernando VII would be in Valencia at two very different times. In addition, the city also had to receive, with the honors of a king, its highest authority with the title of governor of the same, Marshal Suchet. For the majority of the population, two of them were intruders; the other was the desired one. Keywords: Fernando VII, Peninsular War, José I, Suchet, Royal Visits. Valencia.
Alimentation minérale et vitaminique des ruminants : actualisation des connaissances
Authors: MESCHY F. 
Published: May 2020

Cet article précise et actualise les apports journaliers recommandés (AJR) en éléments minéraux majeurs, oligo-éléments et vitamines. Pour le phosphore (P) et le calcium (Ca), le besoin d’entretien (BENT) est désormais calculé à partir de la matière sèche ingérée et du poids vif&nbsp;; pour Ca, BENT est supérieur pour les animaux en croissance et en lactation. Pour le magnésium (Mg), BENT est légèrement réévalué pour tenir compte d’une perte obligatoire dans l’urine sous-estimée jusqu’alors. Les besoins de production sont peu modifiés par rapport aux recommandations précédentes. Des recommandations concernant le bilan électrolytique alimentaire (BEA, K+ + Na+ - Cl-, en mEq/kg de MS) des rations selon les objectifs de production sont proposés&nbsp;; ainsi on recherchera un BEA < 50 en fin de gestation et de l’ordre de 250 pour la lactation. Les AJR en oligo-éléments sont inchangés sauf pour le cobalt qui passe de 0,1 à 0,3 mg/kg de MS de la ration en raison de son effet favorable pour la fonction cellulolytique des bactéries du rumen. La révision des AJR en vitamines A, D et E sur la base des dernières recommandations américaines se traduit par une augmentation des apports en vitamine A et E (surtout pendant la gestation). L’utilisation digestive de l’apport minéral est précisée par l’adoption de coefficients d’absorption réelle (CAR) par groupes d’aliments&nbsp;; les modifications portent surtout sur P, alors que pour Mg des valeurs différentes pour les ovins et les bovins-caprins sont recommandées, l’effet négatif de la teneur de K des rations sur l’absorption de Mg est quantifié pour les différentes catégories de ruminants. Dans le cadre de la révision des Tables de composition et de valeur nutritive des aliments des ruminants, la méthodologie qui consiste à établir des données de composition minérale des fourrages verts et d’utiliser ensuite des équations de passage pour les fourrages conservés est décrite.
Effet des nutriments énergétiques sur la production et la teneur en matière grasse du lait de vache
Authors: RULQUIN H. , HURTAUD C. , LEMOSQUET S. , PEYRAUD J.L. 
Published: May 2020

Les récents changements des données économiques concernant le marché et les possibilités de valorisation de la matière grasse laitière conduisent à penser qu’à l’avenir la production d’un lait un peu moins riche en matières grasses a de fortes chances d’être encouragée. Cela peut être atteint par le biais de la génétique et de la nutrition. Ce texte a pour objectif de faire l’état des connaissances sur les différents nutriments jouant sur le taux butyreux des laits et de quantifier les effets des acides acétique, butyrique et propionique, du glucose, de l’acide gras trans10 C18:1 et du trans10, cis12 CLA sur le taux butyreux et le rapport taux protéique sur taux butyreux. Les travaux des cinquante dernières années sont synthétisés dans six méta-analyses des données d’essais dans lesquels les précédents nutriments ont été apportés par perfusion digestive. L’efficacité à diminuer le taux butyreux est respectivement de - 5,71, - 2,99, - 87, et - 1467 g/kg par kilogramme de nutriment ajouté pour l’acide propionique, le glucose, le trans10 C18:1, et le trans10, cis12 CLA et de - 7,33 et - 2,20 g/kg par kilogramme de nutriment apporté en moins pour les acides butyrique et acétique. Les mécanismes mis en jeux dans ces réponses sont revus. Sur la base des variations de flux de nutriments mesurées à la suite d’une augmentation de 30 % de la proportion d’aliments concentrés, il ressort que les nutriments glucogéniques (acide propionique et glucose) expliqueraient 54 % de la chute du taux butyreux enregistrée, les acides gras trans10 (trans10 C18:1 et trans10, cis12 CLA) 34 % et les précurseurs (acide acétique et butyrique) des acides gras synthétisés «de novo» 21 %. Ce travail démontre que la chute de taux butyreux observée avec des changements de régime est multifactorielle. Une approche pluri-nutriments est proposée pour remplacer l’approche mono-nutriment jusqu’ici utilisée pour essayer de prédire les changements de taux butyreux en réponse à une modification de la composition des rations.
“Quem pariu Mateus, que o embale” - experiências e sentimentos maternos em relação à medicamentalização do filho com TDA/H
Authors: Escobar Tatiana Pires , Dreon Morgana , Valle Ione Ribeiro 
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar experiências e sentimentos de 148 mães diante da escolha de medicar ou não seus filhos diagnosticados com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade. Justifica-se este trabalho pela premência de colocar as mães em evidência, uma vez que suas vivências, sentimentos e opiniões são salutares para o aprofundamento de estudos que têm como foco a medicamentalização da infância. A metodologia utilizada compreendeu a aplicação de questionários em quatro grupos de Facebook compostos por mães de crianças com o transtorno. Os dados obtidos foram objeto de análise qualitativa e quantitativa, dando ênfase às falas das mães. A investigação indicou que não há consenso entre as figuras maternas quanto aos benefícios dos medicamentos no tratamento das crianças e também evidenciou uma forte sobrecarga de sentimentos como insegurança, medo e culpa diante das posturas que precisam ter em busca do bem-estar das suas crianças.
Palavras-chave: Sentimentos maternos. Experiências maternas. Medicamentalização do filho com TDA/H.
Toxic metals in the warty crab in the southern Black Sea: Assessment of human health risk
Authors: Bat L. , Arici E. , Öztekin A. , Şahin F. 
Published: May 2020

The present study was performed to assess Cd, Pb, and Hg contaminations and human health risk in the warty crab Eriphia verrucosa (Forskål, 1775) in Akliman shores of Sinop Peninsula of the Black Sea. Heavy metals analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Among studied toxic metals, Pb had the highest mean concentration in E. verrucosa. The highest mean concentration of Pb (0.2 mg per kg of wet weight) was observed in male samples of the warty crab. However, higher concentrations of Cd and Hg (0.11 and 0.019 mg per kg of wet weight, respectively) were observed in females of E. verrucosa. The mean Cd values found in the warty crabs were higher in May and June than those in July and August. On the other hand, Pb values were recorded in July and August. The mean Hg values were not different between months except July and August for male samples of E. verrucosa. Foraging seasons of these crabs are different, which can lead to differences in prey size and ultimately metals intake. However, the results show that a toxic heavy metal concentration in edible tissues of crab from the southern Black Sea was within the permissible limits given by national and international food codices. Target hazard quotient (THQ) for each metal and hazard index (HI) were calculated to evaluate non-carcinogenic human health risks. Estimated THQs of Cd, Pb, and Hg suggest that these metals in the warty crab do not pose any apparent threat to humans, when the HI value is below the value of 1. The result of the analysis has shown that the warty crab E. verrucosa can be used as bioindicator as it contains variable levels of the metals observed. Since consumption is the main source of heavy metal intake by humans, monitoring studies are needed to protect public health and take preventive measures.
Эффективность фиксации углерода в биомассе Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann & J. C. Lewin (Bacillariophyceae) в условиях накопительного культивирования
Authors: Геворгиз Р. Г. , Железнова С. Н. 
Published: May 2020

Эффективность утилизации углерода является важной характеристикой объекта культивирования. Известно, что диатомовая водоросль Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann & J. C. Lewin может эффективно использовать углерод из водной среды, так как имеет множество уникальных карбоноангидраз и углеродных транспортёров. Между тем эффективность фиксации углерода для многих видов диатомей в культуре по-прежнему неизвестна. Для её расчёта ряд авторов используют разную терминологию и способы, что приводит к значительным трудностям при сравнении эффективности фиксации углерода в биомассе различных видов микроводорослей. Цели работы: 1) на основе современных представлений о фиксации углерода в биомассе микроводорослей, а также о поглощении неорганического углерода культурой микроводорослей актуализировать используемые в литературе термины и определения; 2) оценить эффективность фиксации углерода в биомассе диатомеи C. closterium в условиях накопительного культивирования. Культуру C. closterium выращивали при температуре +20 °C в интенсивном режиме на питательной среде RS. В процессе выращивания культуру барботировали воздухом (1,1 л воздуха на 1 л культуры в минуту). Температура воздуха на выходе из суспензии составляла +19 °C, максимальная продуктивность культуры — 1,254 г·л−1·сут−1. По результатам CHN-анализа, доля углерода в сухой биомассе C. closterium составляла 23 %. В условиях накопительного культивирования у C. closterium эффективность фиксации углерода в биомассе достигла 90 %. По сравнению с другими видами водорослей C. closterium характеризуется достаточно высокой эффективностью фиксации CO2. Так, у зелёных микроводорослей Chlorella protothecoides и Ch. vulgaris эффективность фиксации CO2 составляет 20 % и 55,3 % соответственно, у цианобактерии Spirulina sp. — 38 %, у красной микроводоросли Porphyridium purpureum — 69 %. Отмечено, что для обеспечения прироста 1 г сухой биомассы C. closterium в сутки при температуре +19 °C необходимо затратить минимум 0,46 л CO2, или 1132 л воздуха. Возможно, именно высокая эффективность фиксации углерода, а также низкая доля углерода в биомассе C. closterium позволяют объяснить высокие продукционные показатели этого вида. В равных условиях культивирования по свету и обеспеченности углеродом продуктивность C. closterium может превышать продуктивность других видов микроводорослей в 5–10 раз. Так, у Spirulina sp. продуктивность достигает 0,2 г·л−1·сут−1, у C. closterium — 1,254 г·л−1·сут−1.
Микроводоросли грязевого вулкана Булганакского сопочного поля Крымского полуострова
Authors: Рябушко Л. И. , Бондаренко А. В. 
Published: May 2020

Грязевые вулканы — одно из уникальных явлений природы. Они широко распространены по всему миру. Грязевые вулканы встречаются и на территории Крыма, в том числе на Булганакском сопочном поле — крупнейшем скоплении действующих вулканов на полуострове (45°25′29.04″ с. ш., 36°27′51.64″ в. д.). Изучение одноклеточных водорослей грязевых вулканов в Крыму, как и в других регионах России, до настоящего времени не проводили. Необходимость и актуальность исследований продиктована отсутствием сведений о видовом составе микроводорослей грязевых вулканов. Пробы собраны О. Ю. Ерёминым 03.08.2012 и 13.04.2013 в верхнем 2–3-сантиметровом слое суспензии вместе с приповерхностной водой, вытекающей из него. Диапазон солёности и температуры воды составлял 27–32 г·л−1 и +28…+31 °C. Видовой состав микроводорослей определяли в водных препаратах в прижизненном состоянии водорослей с помощью светового микроскопа Axioskop 40 (Carl Zeiss) при увеличении 10×40, используя программное обеспечение AxioVision Rel. 4.6. Обнаружено 16 видов, принадлежащих к высшим таксономическим группам: Cyanobacteria (1 вид), Dinophyta (2), Bacillariophyta (6) и Euglenophyta (7). Из них цианобактерия Chamaecalyx swirenkoi (Schirshov) Komárek et Anagnostidis, 1986 найдена нами в августе 2012 г. В пробах отмечены пеннатные диатомовые водоросли — как одиночно живущие (родов Cylindrotheca (Ehrenberg) Reimann & J. C. Lewin, Lyrella Karajeva и Nitzschia Hassall), так и колониальные (родов Berkeleya Greville и Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo). Солоноватоводный, бентосный, бореально-тропический вид Nitzschia thermaloides Hustedt впервые отмечен для альгофлоры Крыма, Чёрного и Азовского морей. Также обнаружены эвгленовые водоросли — 5 видов рода Trachelomonas Ehrenberg и 2 вида Strombomonas Deflandre. Из всех видов, найденных в экотопе грязевого вулкана, 7 являются общими с Чёрным морем, а 9, включая 3 вида эвгленовых водорослей, — с Азовским. Показано, что по характеру галобности в грязевых вулканах преобладают виды, типичные для пресноводного комплекса (53 %), при существенной доле морских (27 %) и солоноватоводных видов (20 %). Из фитогеографических элементов флоры бореальные виды составляют 33 %, бореально-тропические — 47 %, космополиты — 20 %. Отмечено три вида потенциально токсичных водорослей — диатомея Pseudo-nitzschia prolongatoides (Hasle) Hasle, 1993 и динофитовые Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge, 1975 и Alexandrium tamiyavanichii Balech, 1994. Последний вид является морским, бореально-тропическим и новым для альгофлоры Крыма и Чёрного моря. В статье также представлены собственные и литературные данные по морфологии, экологии, фитогеографии видов и их общему распространению в разных водоёмах мира. Некоторые виды микроводорослей относятся к индикаторам сапробности; они способны участвовать в очищении вод от избытка растворённых органических веществ. Приведены фотоснимки грязевых вулканов и микрофотоснимки некоторых видов.
Prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation among Adults and its Related Ophthalmic Variables in the Southern, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: SHERIEF SADIK Taju , Kibru Ephrem , Shibeshe Menen Ayalew 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Clinical studies in the hospital settings using patients having ocular morbidities have shown a high prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PXF) in Ethiopia. With this information in mind community based study was conducted to determine prevalence and socio demographic factors of pseudoexfoliation syndrome among adults in Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community based Crosse sectional study was conducted among subjects aged 40 years or older. Subjects underwent standardized examination, including portable slit lamp biomicroscopy before and after pupillary dilatation, and IOP measurement using Tono-Pen. Pseudoexfoliation was diagnosed on slit lamp exam by the presence of white dandruff-like material on the pupillary margin and/or on the anterior lens capsule of one or both eyes. Results: Among 760 participants, the prevalence of Pseudoexfoliation(PXF) was 12.0% (95% confidence interval, 9.7%-14.3%). The mean age was 63.9 years (SD 9.96, age range 40-90 years). The prevalence increased with increasing age, with 26.9% of those 60 or older affected. Slightly higher proportion of males (12.4%) were found to have Pseudoexfoliation in either of the eyes than females (11.6%) which was not statistically significant (p=0.738). Mean IOP in subjects with PXF was found to be 20.65 + 5.15 mmHg, while it was 15.0 + 2.3mmHg for those without PXF. The difference between the two populations was found to be statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions: The prevalence of PXF in eyes of people in Southern Ethiopia appears greater than that reported in other places of Africa and Asia. PXF occurs at a relatively younger age in our population. Increasing age is associated with the presence of PXF, and PXF in turn is associated with high IOP.
Capacity building of health professionals on omics sciences: evaluation of the effectiveness of a distance learning training course for Italian physicians.
Authors: Calabrò Giovanna Elisa , Tognetto Alessia , Mazzaccara Alfonso , Barbina Donatella , Carbone Pietro , Guerrera Debora , Pucchio Alessandra Di , Federici Antonio , Ricciardi Walter , Boccia Stefania 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background. The rapid adoption of personalized medicine approaches in healthcare requires professionals to be able to manage the “omics revolution”. In this context, the genetics/genomics literacy of healthcare professionals should be in line with the continuous advances in this field, in order to implement its potential implications for the diagnosis, control and treatment of diseases. The present study investigates the effectiveness of a distance learning course on genetics and genomics targeted at medical doctors.Methods. In the context of a project funded by the Italian Ministry of Health, we developed a distance learning course, entitled Genetics and Genomics practice. The contents of the course were identified from a core curriculum in genetics for physicians and healthcare professionals, previously published. The course focused on genetic/genomic testing in clinical practice, pharmacogenomics and oncogenomic and was developed according to andragogical training methods (Problem-based Learning and Case-based Learning). We used a pre-test versus post-test study design to assess knowledge improvement on a set of 10 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). We analysed the proportion of correct answers for each question pre and post-test, as well as the mean score difference stratified by gender, age, professional status and medical discipline. Moreover, the same test was submitted to the participants eight months after the conclusion of the course (follow-up), in order to assess the retained knowledge.Results. An important number of Italian physicians (N= 1637) completed the course, most of which were primary care physicians (20.8%), public health professionals (11.5%) and specialist paediatricians (10.6%). We reported an improvement in the proportion of correct answers for all of the 10 MCQs set at the post-test. The overall mean score to the questions significantly increased in the post-test, from 59.46 in the pre-test to 71.42 in the post-test (p-value<0.0001). The comparison in test performance between follow-up and pre-test demonstrated an overall knowledge improvement.Conclusions. Genomic literacy among healthcare professionals is essential to ensure optimal translation to healthcare delivery of research. The results of this course suggest that distance-learning training in genetic/genomic practices represents an effective method to improve physicians’ knowledge in the immediate and mid-term time scale.
Dietary Tryptophan Modulate the Composition of the Ileum and Cecum microbiota in Weaned Piglets after Lipopolysaccharide Challenge
Authors: Wang Hao , Yan Yingli , Xia Daiyang , Yang Yongjie , Li Yu , Li Feiwu , Jiang Xianzhi , Zhu Yongwen , Ye Hui , Yang Lin , Wang Wence 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The gut microbiota plays a critical role in metabolism and growth of piglets, and was modifiable by dietary tryptophan (Trp) in previous study. However, no studies focused on the investigation of whether additional dietary Trp supplementation would modulate the composition of ileum and cecum microbiota of piglets challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We conducted to investigate whether dietary tryptophan could alleviate dysbacteriosis of piglets after challenged with LPS.Methods: A total of 40 28 days old male weaning piglets were randomly allotted to five groups, include Con group (basal diet), LPS group (basal diet), 0.2% Trp group (0.2% Trp diet), LPS+0.2% Trp group (0.2% Trp diet) and LPS+0.4% group (0.4% Trp diet). On day 10, 20 and 29, Con and 0.2% Trp groups were injected with saline, LPS, LPS+0.2% Trp and LPS+0.4% Trp groups were injected with LPS respectively. The experiment lasted for 30 days.Results: These results showed that the major three phyla in ileum were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, in cecum were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Dietary with 0.2% Trp could attenuate the effect of LPS on the alpha diversity (diversity and richness) in ileum (P＜0.05). The alpha diversity of cecum microbiota was not affected by LPS or Try. The relative abundance of Turicibacte (P＜0.05) and unclassified_f__Peptostreptococccaceae (P＜0.05) were decreased but Lactobacillu (P＜0.05) was increased in ileum by LPS. Compared with LPS group, the relative abundance of Actinobacillus (P=0.07) was decreased in LPS+0.2% Trp group, and the level of Blautia (P=0.08) was increased in LPS+0.4% Trp group. The complexity of ileum microbiota was decreased by LPS. But the complexity of ileum microbiota was increased in LPS+0.2% and LPS+0.4% groups. The relative abundance of Lactobacillu was negative correlation with the majority of genus in ileum and positive correlation with the antioxidant ability of liver (P＜0.05). Conclusions: These finding indicated that Trp could alleviate dysbacteriosis induced by LPS, and ileum microbiota might have a self-protective mechanism to resist the injury induced by LPS through enriching Lactobacillu.
Selfish Node detection based on GA and Learning Automata in IoT
Authors: Nobahary Solmaz , Garakani Hossein Gharaee , Khademzadeh Ahmad , Rahmani Amir Masoud 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It is critical to increasing the network throughput on the internet of things with short-range nodes. Nodes prevent to cooperate with other nodes in the network are known as selfish nodes. Previous studies have done on the selfish nodes detection that leads to increase throughput and reduce the end to end delay. The proposed method for discovering the selfish node is based on genetic algorithm and learning automata. It consists of three phases of setup and clustering, the best routing selection based on genetic algorithm, and finally, the learning and update phase. For appropriate network performance, the clustering algorithm implemented in the first phase. Nodes are working together to send the data packet to the destination in the second phase, and the neighbor node selected for forwarding the data packet in which that node has a high value of fitness function, among others. In the third phase, each node monitors the performance of its neighbor nodes in forwarding the data packet and uses the learning automata system to identify the selfish nodes. By preventing to cooperate selfish nodes and decreasing the probability selection of selfish nodes, it increases the throughput in the network. The results of the simulation show that the detection accuracy of selfish nodes in comparison with the existing methods average 12%, and the false positive rate has decreased by 5%.