bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing pelvic floor muscle training in women's childbearing years: A critical interpretive synthesis of individual, professional, and service issues
Authors: Salmon Victoria E. , Hay‐Smith E. J. C , Jarvie Rachel , Dean Sarah , Terry Rohini , Frawley Helena , Oborn Eivor , Bayliss Susan E. , Bick Debra , Davenport Clare , MacArthur Christine , Pearson Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsAntenatal pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) may be effective for the prevention and treatment of urinary and fecal incontinence both in pregnancy and postnatally, but it is not routinely implemented in practice despite guideline recommendations. This review synthesizes evidence that exposes challenges, opportunities, and concerns regarding the implementation of PFMT during the childbearing years, from the perspective of individuals, healthcare professionals (HCPs), and organizations.MethodsCritical interpretive synthesis of systematically identified primary quantitative or qualitative studies or research syntheses of women's and HCPs attitudes, beliefs, or experiences of implementing PFMT.ResultsFifty sources were included. These focused on experiences of postnatal urinary incontinence (UI) and perspectives of individual postnatal women, with limited evidence exploring the views of antenatal women and HCP or wider organizational and environmental issues. The concept of agency (people's ability to effect change through their interaction with other people, processes, and systems) provides an over‐arching explanation of how PFMT can be implemented during childbearing years. This requires both individual and collective action of women, HCPs, maternity services and organizations, funders and policymakers.ConclusionNumerous factors constrain women's and HCPs capacity to implement PFMT. It is unrealistic to expect women and HCPs to implement PFMT without reforming policy and service delivery. The implementation of PFMT during pregnancy, as recommended by antenatal care and UI management guidelines, requires policymakers, organizations, HCPs, and women to value the prevention of incontinence throughout women's lives by using low‐risk, low‐cost, and proven strategies as part of women's reproductive health.
Cooperation and conflict in intra‐hospital transfers: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Germack Hayley D. , Fekieta Renee , Campbell Britton Meredith , Feder Shelli L. , Rosenberg Alana , Chaudhry Sarwat I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to explore the latent conditions of cooperation and conflict in intra‐hospital patient transfers (i.e. transfers of patients between units in a hospital).DesignSecondary qualitative analysis of 28 interviews conducted with 29 hospital staff, including physicians (N = 13), nurses (N = 10) and support staff (N = 6) from a single, large academic tertiary hospital in the Northeastern United States.MethodsA two‐member multidisciplinary team applied a directed content analysis approach to data collected from semi‐structured interviews.ResultsThree recurrent themes were generated: (a) patient flow policies created imbalances of power; (b) relationships were helpful to facilitate safe transfers; and (c) method of admission order communication was a source of disagreement. Hospital quality improvement efforts could benefit from a teaming approach to minimize unintentional power imbalances and optimize communicative relationships between units.
A Topological Data Analysis perspective on noncovalent interactions in relativistic calculations
Authors: Olejniczak Małgorzata , Severo Pereira Gomes André , Tierny Julien 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTopological Data Analysis (TDA) is a powerful mathematical theory, largely unexplored in theoretical chemistry. In this work we demonstrate how TDA provides new insights into topological features of electron densities and reduced density gradients, by investigating the effects of relativity on the bonding of the Au4‐S‐C6H4‐S′‐Au′4 molecule. Whereas recent analyses of this species carried out with the Quantum Theory of Atoms‐In‐Molecules (a previous study) concluded, from the emergence of new topological features in the electron density, that relativistic effects yielded noncovalent interactions between gold and hydrogen atoms, we show from their low persistence values (which decrease with increased basis set size) these features are not significant. Further analysis of the reduced density gradient confirms no relativity‐induced noncovalent interactions in Au4‐S‐C6H4‐S′‐Au′4. We argue TDA should be integrated into electronic structure analysis methods, and be considered as a basis for the development of new topology‐based approaches.
Chain Compaction and Synergistic Destabilization of Globular Proteins by Mixture of Denaturants
Authors: Anumalla Bramhini , Prabhu N. Prakash 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCharacterization of unfolded states is essential to understand the mechanism of protein folding. This study examines the unfolded states of RNase A and α‐LA in the mixture of ′′structurally‐similar′′ chemical denaturants, arginine (Arg) and guanidinium chloride (Gdm). Thermal‐ and chemical‐unfolding experiments show that the mixture of denaturants synergistically destabilizes the proteins. Volumetric analysis shows that partial molar volume (V°) and adiabatic compressibility (Ks) of the proteins decreases with increasing [Gdm]. This suggests that the proteins might be gradually losing their intra‐molecular interactions resulting in decreased internal cavity. The addition of Arg to the Gdm‐unfolded states decreases both V° and Ks values indicating compaction of the protein chains. This could be attributed to reduction in the hydration of surface‐exposed residues of the proteins upon direct interaction with Arg and increased non‐native contacts. The results provide a direct experimental evidence for the compaction of unfolded protein chain upon addition of another denaturant.
Synthesis of 2‐Alkynyl‐ and2‐Amino‐12H‐benzothiazolo[2,3‐b]quinazolin‐12‐ones and Their Inhibitory Potential against Monoamine Oxidase A and B
Authors: Jafari Behzad , Jalil Saquib , Zaib Sumera , Safarov Sayfidin , Khalikova Muattar , Khalikov Djurabay , Ospanov Meirambek , Yelibayeva Nazym , Zhumagalieva Shynar , Abilov Zharylkasyn A. , Turmukhanova Mirgul Z. , Kalugin Sergey N. , Salman Ghazwan Ali , Ehlers Peter , Hameed Abdul , Iqbal Jamshed , Langer Peter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract2‐Alkynyl‐ and 2‐aminobenzothiazolo[2,3‐b]quinazolin‐12‐ones have been synthesized by Palladium catalysed Buchwald‐Hartwig and Sonogashira reactions. Synthesized derivatives were further evaluated for their role as potential inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO−A and B) isozymes. Most compounds possess moderate to excellent inhibitory potential against MAO−A and MAO−B. The 2‐amino‐substituted derivatives show a significantly higher activity as compared to 2‐alkynyl‐ and previously reported 2‐aryl derivatives. Studied compounds might be employed as novel monoamine oxidase inhibitors and may provide insights for the development of new drug candidates against neurological diseases.
Environmentally Friendly Treatment of Coal‐Bearing Kaolin by Polyhydroxy‐Iron for Anionic Dye Removal
Authors: Muschin Tegshi , Duo Xi , Bao Urenhu , Zulchin Hairihan , Agula Bao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClay material such as kaolin is considered great candidate in industrial water treatment due to its structural properties and abundancy. However, material treatment procedures aimed for adsorption efficiency improvement are generally energy consuming and causes secondary environment contaminations. In the present study, a cost‐effective kaolin modification technique based on polyhydroxy‐iron (PHFe(III)) treatment is applied to coal‐bearing kaolin clay (KC). The modified adsorbent (PHFe(III)/KC) shows a two fold increase in specific surface area and renders a 75 mg/g Congo Red (CR) dye uptake amount which significantly outperforms that of the raw KC (∼12 mg/g). Importantly, the modification process involves mild heating and gentle chemical reaction which is environmental benign, especially under large scale adsorbent treatment. The effect of the PHFe(III)/KC preparation conditions, adsorption time, the initial solution pH and the initial concentration of CR on the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents was investigated. Adsorbent characterization shows successful grafting of PHFe(III) which likely changes the surface property and increases the affinity between the adsorbent and organic dyes. The comparatively high dye adsorption capability and good regeneration shows promising application of PHFe(III)/KC in industrial waste water treatment.
Total Synthesis of Dabigatran Revisited; Synthesis of Amidine‐Tosylated Dabigatran
Authors: Jopp Stefan , Molenda Ricardo , Seiler Elisabeth R. D. , Maitz Manfred F. , Villinger Alexander , Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe total synthesis of a new dabigatran derivative featuring a tosyl protecting group at the amidine group of dabigatran was explored. During the course of this work, different new synthetic pathways towards dabigatran intermediates are investigated and known concepts revisited. In this context, it was found that, in our hands, a published synthesis did not work as reported. Part of the synthetic strategy presented herein is an amidine‐selective tosylation of 4‐aminobenzamidine. Furthermore, two new dabigatran derivatives exhibit thrombin inhibition activity.
Anticancer, Antioxidant and Antiangiogenic Activities of Nanoparticles of Bioactive Dietary Nutraceuticals
Authors: Bansode Prakash A. , Patil Pradnya V. , Birajdar Apurva R. , Somasundaram Indumathi , Bachute Madhusudan T. , Rashinkar Gajanan S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany nutraceuticals are highly potent, nontoxic, bioactive agents present in dietary vegetables, fruits and spices. They exhibit immune‐modulatory, antioxidant and anticancer activity. The major disadvantage of nutraceuticals is their low aqueous solubility and hence poor bioavailability hindering their therapeutic applications. In the present work, we herein report preparation of nanoparticles of bioactive nutraceuticals such as curcumin (1), quercetin (2), anthraquinone (3), xanthone (4), flavone (5) and vanillin (6) with a view to improve their aqueous‐phase solubility and evaluate their anticancer, antiangiogenic and antioxidant activities. The nanoparticles were prepared by controlled flow rate reprecipitation technique and characterized by spectral and microscopic techniques. Most of the nanoparticles displayed higher in‐vitro anticancer, antioxidant and in‐ovo antiangiogenic activities as compared to the corresponding bulk compounds. The biological activities of nutraceuticals are marked increased by particle size reduction to the nanoscale.
Removal of Cr(VI) from Wastewater by a Novel Adsorbent of Magnetic Goethite: Adsorption Performance and Adsorbent Characterisation
Authors: Liu Zhanmeng , Chen Gang , Xu Lichun , Hu Fengping , Duan XianYue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA novel adsorbent of magnetic goethite was prepared by neutralisation hydrolysis and employed for Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution. The magnetic goethite adsorbent was characterised by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method. VSM showed that the prepared adsorbents are super‐paramagnetic iron hydroxide. FTIR spectra revealed that magnetic goethite have ‐OH and other functional groups. The effects of various factors, including pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and ion concentration, were evaluated. Under the conditions of pH 3, 4 g/L magnetic goethite, 20 mg/L Cr(VI) concentration, and 0.01 mol/L NaNO3, the removal efficiency of Cr (VI) reached 88.2% and the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent reached 4.32 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic tests showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on the adsorbent matched well with pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, indicating the occurrence of chemisorption. The fitting of the Langmuir isotherm model showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on magnetic goethite was monolayer adsorption. On the other hand, thermodynamic studies conjectured that the adsorption processes of magnetic goethite for Cr(VI) was endothermic and spontaneous. These results suggest that magnetic goethite has great potential for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.
Improved Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Chitosan Derivatives Bearing Urea Groups
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Mi Yingqi , Sun Xueqi , Chen Yuan , Miao Qin , Tan Wenqiang , Li Qing , Dong Fang , Guo Zhanyong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEight novel chitosan derivatives bearing urea groups are designed and synthesized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, and elemental analysis are performed to confirm the structural characteristics of chitosan derivatives. The antioxidant activities, including superoxide radicals’ scavenging activity, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radicals’ scavenging activity, and hydroxyl radical’ scavenging activity, of the derivatives are explored within different concentrations in the reaction system. In vitro fungicidal activity of these compounds is further tested against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Phomopsis asparagus, F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumebrium Owen, and Botrytis cinerea, respectively, particularly compounds exhibit significant control effect at 1.0 mg mL−1. The experimental results indicate that the products bearing urea groups show enhanced antifungal property and antioxidant activity compared with pristine chitosan. Meanwhile, their bioactivities follow some regularity on the whole, that is, they are related to the electron‐withdrawing property of the different substituted groups of urea. Derivatives with stronger electron‐withdrawing property will have higher biological activities. L929 cells are used to carry out cytotoxicity test of chitosan and chitosan derivatives by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay. The results indicate that some of the samples show low cytotoxicity. This research will be helpful to broaden the application of chitosan in materials.
An introduction to the human right to water: Law, politics, and beyond
Authors: Fantini Emanuele 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn spite of its official recognition by the United Nations in 2010, the human right to water remains a contested notion as illustrated by three main debates: (a) the definition of its scope, content, and indicators to monitor its implementation; (b) the conceptual appropriateness and effectiveness of the human rights approach in countering water services privatization; (c) the call for decolonizing or decentering the western, liberal, individualistic, and anthropocentric approach of the human right to water. The article introduces the main themes and insights within these debates and concludes by pointing at potential future research at their intersection, in relation to (a) other species' rights, (b) culture and religion, and (c) technology and infrastructure.This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Rights to Water
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Human Water > Water Governance
The urethral hanging theory and how it relates to Enhörning’s theory and the integral theory
Authors: Bergström Bo S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The article discusses three theories of stress urinary incontinence, the urethral hanging theory, Enhörning’s theory, and the integral theory.

Methods
The abdominal pressure transmission theory proposed by Enhörning is often misunderstood. It is regularly interpreted to mean that, in cases of stress urinary incontinence, the bladder neck descends outside the abdominal cavity, and treatment must involve elevating or repositioning the bladder neck.

Results
However, this actually contradicts the information provided in Enhörning’s original paper. The urethral hanging theory accepts the core of Enhörning’s theory and the integral theory rejects it. The three theories have different views on closure and opening of the bladder neck and on the pathophysiology of urethral funneling.

Conclusion
These differences are described and discussed.
B7H4 expression in tumor cells impairs CD8 T cell responses and tumor immunity
Authors: Zhou Linlin , Ruan Mei , Liu Ying , Zhu Yanyang , Fu Deqiang , Wu Kunlin , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractB7 homolog 4 (B7H4) is considered a negative regulator of immune responses, but the immunoregulatory role of B7H4 in the tumor microenvironment is not clear. Here, we assessed B7H4 expression cell types in human breast cancer tissues and addressed its potential mechanisms in the CD8 T cell immune response. The results from flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that B7H4 was highly expressed in 26 out of 30 (86.7%) breast invasive ductal carcinomas, and B7H4 surface expression on tumor cells was inversely correlated with CD8 T lymphocytes infiltration (p < 0.0001). In vivo, B7H4-overexpressing tumor cells showed enhanced tumor growth in immunocompetent mice with impaired CD8 T cell infiltration of the tumor. Further investigation showed that activation and expansion of CD8 T cells within the lymph nodes were suppressed in B7H4-overexpessing tumor-bearing mice. An in vitro killing assay showed that the cytotoxicity of CD8 T cells was inhibited in B7H4-overexpressing tumor cells. These findings suggest that B7H4 in tumor cells is a negative regulator of CD8 T cell activation, expansion and cytotoxicity, indicating that tumor cell-associated B7H4 might be a target for T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
Climate shift of the South China Sea summer monsoon onset in 1993/1994 and its physical causes
Authors: Lin Ailan , Zhang Renhe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe characteristics of anomalous circulations during spring associated with the climate shift of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset in 1993/1994 and its physical causes are investigated. It is found that the interdecadal shift of SCSSM onset happened in 1993/1994 is related closely to the 850 hPa zonal wind anomalies over the area around Kalimantan Island. Easterly (westerly) anomalies over Kalimantan Island enhance (weaken) subtropical high over the western North Pacific, leading to the late (early) onset of SCSSM in 1979–1993 (1994–2013). The sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the key region 140°–150° E, 5° S–2.5° N influence the interdecadal change of zonal winds over Kalimantan Island. The positive SSTAs over this key region in 1994–2013 force convergence toward the region at low-level and form significant westerly anomalies near Kalimantan Island located to the west of the key region. The negative anomalies of meridional gradient of zonal winds over the South China Sea region increase the atmospheric vorticity over there significantly and result in the weakening and retreating eastward of the subtropical high over the western North Pacific, which is conducive to the early onset of SCSSM.
Elderly-onset Crohn’s disease remarkably responsive to ustekinumab: a case report
Authors: Iwamoto Maho , Kato Kimitoshi , Moriyama Mitsuhiko 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Crohn’s disease is intractable and is frequently diagnosed in younger people. No clear policies exist regarding medical treatment for seniors with this disease, and its diagnosis and treatment are often hindered by difficulties attributable to comorbidities, complex differential diagnoses, and polypharmacy. We describe an elderly-onset Crohn’s disease patient showing a marked remission-maintaining effect with no adverse events after administration of ustekinumab.

Methods and results
A 75-year-old patient with Crohn’s disease and a history of pulmonary tuberculosis had first presented to our hospital at age 64 years and was hospitalized. Based on physical examinations, colonoscopy, and blood test results, Crohn’s disease was diagnosed. The patient experienced secondary losses of responsiveness to two tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors, and after repeated hospital admissions, she was administered ustekinumab. The patient’s symptoms, endoscopic findings, Crohn’s Disease Activity Index, serum albumin, and physical activity levels improved markedly, and disease remission has been maintained for 2 years to date.

Conclusion
Ustekinumab is an effective treatment option for elderly patients with intractable Crohn’s disease when TNF-alpha inhibitors are ineffective.
End-tidal carbon dioxide levels during resuscitation and carbon dioxide levels in the immediate neonatal period and intraventricular haemorrhage
Authors: Tamura Kentaro , Williams Emma E , Dassios Theodore , Pahuja Anoop , Hunt Katie A , Murthy Vadivelam , Bhat Prashanth , Bhat Ravindra , Milner Anthony , Greenough Anne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAbnormal levels of end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) during resuscitation in the delivery suite are associated with intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) development. Our aim was to determine whether carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the first 3 days after birth reflected abnormal EtCO2 levels in the delivery suite, and hence, a prolonged rather than an early insult resulted in IVH. In addition, we determined if greater EtCO2level fluctuations during resuscitation occurred in infants who developed IVH. EtCO2 levels during delivery suite resuscitation and CO2 levels on the neonatal unit were evaluated in 58 infants (median gestational age 27.3 weeks). Delta EtCO2 was the difference between the highest and lowest level of EtCO2. Thirteen infants developed a grade 3–4 IVH (severe group). There were no significant differences in CO2 levels between those who did and did not develop an IVH (or severe IVH) on the NICU. The delta EtCO2 during resuscitation differed between infants with any IVH (6.2 (5.4–7.5) kPa) or no IVH (3.8 (2.7–4.3) kPA) (p < 0.001) after adjusting for differences in gestational age. Delta EtCO2 levels gave an area under the ROC curve of 0.940 for prediction of IVH.Conclusion: The results emphasize the importance of monitoring EtCO2 levels in the delivery suite.

What is Known:• Abnormal levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the first few days after birth and abnormal end-tidal CO2levels (EtCO2) levels during resuscitation are associated in preterm infants with the risk of developing intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH).

What is New:• There were no significant differences in NICU CO2levels between those who developed an IVH or no IVH.• There was a poor correlation between delivery suite ETCO2levels and NICU CO2levels.• Large fluctuations in EtCO2during resuscitation in the delivery suite were highly predictive of IVH development in preterm infants.