bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence mechanism of bioclogging on pollution removal efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetland
Authors: Zhu Yixuan , Ye Ping , Xu Shirong , Zhou Yongchao , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yiping , Zhang Tuqiao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The effect of change of hydraulic characteristic and microbial community on pollution removal efficiency of the infiltration systems in the bioclogging development process remain poorly understood. In this study, therefore, the pollutant removal as a response to hydraulic conductivity reduction and the change of diversity and structure of microbial communities in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) was investigated. The results indicated that the richness and diversity of the bacterial communities in the columns at different depths were decreased, and the microbial communities of the genus level were changed in the process of bioclogging. However, the variation of microbial communities has a low impact on the purification performance of VFCWs because the abundance of function groups, respiratory activity, and degradation potentiality of microorganisms remain steady or even get improved in the columns after bioclogging. On the contrary, the hydraulic efficiency of VFCWs decreased greatly by 16.9%, 9.9%, and 57.1% for VFCWs filled with zeolite (Column I), gravel (Column II), and ceramsite (Column III), respectively. The existence of short-circuiting and dead zones in the filter media cause the poor pollution removal efficiency of VFCWs due to the short contact time and decrease of oxygenation renewal, as well as low activity in the dead zone.
Water Boundary Line Detection for Unmanned Surface Vehicles
Authors: Liu Yuejun , Ma Liyong , Xie Wei , Zhang Xiaolei , Zhang Yong 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) can undertake risks or special tasks in
marine independently and will be widely used in the future. In the autonomous navigation of USV
equipped with vision camera, the water boundary line needs to be detected in real time and it is one
of these key intelligent environment perception methods for USV.

Methods:
An efficient water boundary line detection method based on Gray Level Co-occurrence
Matrix (GLCM) texture entropy is proposed. In image preprocessing, the high-brightness areas are
eliminated to avoid the effects of water boundary line detection.

Results:
GLCM entropy is employed to segment water, land and air for water line regression. The
proposed method is efficient for the images with high-brightness areas.

Conclusion:
The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is not only more accurate
than the existing water boundary line detection method, but also has good real-time performance
and is suitable for the application in USV.
Visual Fixations and Motion Sensitivity: Protocol for an Exploratory Study
Authors: Chaudhary Shikha , Saywell Nicola , Kumar Arun , Taylor Denise 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundMotion sensitivity after vestibular disorders is associated with symptoms of nausea, dizziness, and imbalance in busy environments. Dizziness and imbalance are reported in places such as supermarkets and shopping malls which have unstable visual backgrounds; however, the mechanism of motion sensitivity is poorly understood.ObjectiveThe main aim of this exploratory observational study is to investigate visual fixations and postural sway in response to increasingly complex visual environments in healthy adults and adults with motion sensitivity.MethodsA total of 20 healthy adults and 20 adults with motion sensitivity will be recruited for this study. Visual fixations, postural sway, and body kinematics will be measured with a mobile eye tracker device, force plate, and 3D motion capture system, respectively. Participants will be exposed to experimental tasks requiring visual fixation on letters, projected on a range of backgrounds on a large screen during quiet stance. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) will be calculated for each of the variables. One-way independent-measures analyses of variance will be performed to investigate the differences between groups for all variables.ResultsData collection was started in May 2019 and was completed by February 2020. It was approved by Health and Disability Ethics Committees, Ministry of Health, New Zealand on November 2, 2018 (Ethics ref: 18/CEN/193). We are currently processing the data and will begin data analysis in July 2020. We expect the results to be available for publication by the end of 2020. The trial was funded by the Neurology Special Interest Group, Physiotherapy New Zealand, and the Eisdell Moore Centre in November 2018.ConclusionsThis study will provide a detailed investigation of visual fixations in response to increasingly complex visual environments. Investigating characteristics of visual fixations in healthy adults and those with motion sensitivity will provide insight into this disabling condition and may inform the development of new intervention strategies which explicitly cater to the needs of this population.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12619000254190; https://tinyurl.com/yxbn7nksInternational Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/16805
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Delivered via a Mobile Phone Messaging Robot to Decrease Postoperative Opioid Use in Patients With Orthopedic Trauma: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Anthony Chris A , Rojas Edward Octavio , Keffala Valerie , Glass Natalie Ann , Shah Apurva S , Miller Benjamin J , Hogue Matthew , Willey Michael C , Karam Matthew , Marsh John Lawrence 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAcceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a pragmatic approach to help individuals decrease avoidable pain.ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the effects of ACT delivered via an automated mobile messaging robot on postoperative opioid use and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with orthopedic trauma who underwent operative intervention for their injuries.MethodsAdult patients presenting to a level 1 trauma center who underwent operative fixation of a traumatic upper or lower extremity fracture and who used mobile phone text messaging were eligible for the study. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group, who received twice-daily mobile phone messages communicating an ACT-based intervention for the first 2 weeks after surgery, or the control group, who received no messages. Baseline PROs were completed. Two weeks after the operative intervention, follow-up was performed in the form of an opioid medication pill count and postoperative administration of PROs. The mean number of opioid tablets used by patients was calculated and compared between groups. The mean PRO scores were also compared between the groups.ResultsA total of 82 subjects were enrolled in the study. Of the 82 participants, 76 (38 ACT and 38 controls) completed the study. No differences between groups in demographic factors were identified. The intervention group used an average of 26.1 (SD 21.4) opioid tablets, whereas the control group used 41.1 (SD 22.0) tablets, resulting in 36.5% ([41.1-26.1]/41.1) less tablets used by subjects receiving the mobile phone–based ACT intervention (P=.004). The intervention group subjects reported a lower postoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Information System Pain Intensity score (mean 45.9, SD 7.2) than control group subjects (mean 49.7, SD 8.8; P=.04).ConclusionsIn this study, the delivery of an ACT-based intervention via an automated mobile messaging robot in the acute postoperative period decreased opioid use in selected patients with orthopedic trauma. Participants receiving the ACT-based intervention also reported lower pain intensity after 2 weeks, although this may not represent a clinically important difference.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03991546; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03991546
No Place Like Home: Cross-National Data Analysis of the Efficacy of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Delen Dursun , Eryarsoy Enes , Davazdahemami Behrooz 
Published: May 2020

Background
In the absence of a cure in the time of a pandemic, social distancing measures seem to be the most effective intervention to slow the spread of disease. Various simulation-based studies have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of these measures. While those studies unanimously confirm the mitigating effect of social distancing on disease spread, the reported effectiveness varies from 10% to more than 90% reduction in the number of infections. This level of uncertainty is mostly due to the complex dynamics of epidemics and their time-variant parameters. However, real transactional data can reduce uncertainty and provide a less noisy picture of the effectiveness of social distancing.

Objective
The aim of this paper was to integrate multiple transactional data sets (GPS mobility data from Google and Apple as well as disease statistics from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) to study the role of social distancing policies in 26 countries and analyze the transmission rate of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic over the course of 5 weeks.

Methods
Relying on the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model and official COVID-19 reports, we first calculated the weekly transmission rate (β) of COVID-19 in 26 countries for 5 consecutive weeks. Then, we integrated these data with the Google and Apple mobility data sets for the same time frame and used a machine learning approach to investigate the relationship between the mobility factors and β values.

Results
Gradient boosted trees regression analysis showed that changes in mobility patterns resulting from social distancing policies explain approximately 47% of the variation in the disease transmission rates.

Conclusions
Consistent with simulation-based studies, real cross-national transactional data confirms the effectiveness of social distancing interventions in slowing the spread of COVID-19. In addition to providing less noisy and more generalizable support for the idea of social distancing, we provide specific insights for public health policy makers regarding locations that should be given higher priority for enforcing social distancing measures.
Ciudadanía en la Resistencia Comunitaria
Authors: Jaramillo Salgado Diego 
Published: May 2020

Respecto a las categorías de ciudadanía, participación ciudadana y democracia existen diversas variantes, una de ellas es la ciudadanía comunitaria que nace desde los actores comunitarios y ejerce otra forma de saber, no sólo aquella que dan los libros, los manuales o las normas; sino también la que se ha formado a través de la memoria histórica y cultural y de la vivencia cotidiana.
En Colombia un referente de Ciudadanía comunitaria es aquella construida por los pueblos indígenas, la cual realiza acciones correspondientes al ejercicio universal de la ciudadanía, como la elección de sus representantes o de sus dignatarios locales o regionales; pero posee aspectos que marcan diferencias con los demás ciudadanos, como el hecho de que a la definición de un candidato a una alcaldía, le precedan asambleas que definen colectivamente el plan de desarrollo que se deberá ejecutar en el nuevo período. Sin embargo esta forma de democracia indígena, no se limita en sus reivindicaciones al componente étnico y al privilegio y favorabilidad de sus intereses; también se reconocen parte de una nación y de un país en que el modelo que lo sustenta vulnera a la gran mayoría de la población.
Pensamiento Positivista Latinoamericano y la Sociología: El Caso Colombiano
Authors: Porras Vanegas Germán Alexander 
Published: May 2020

En la conferencia de 1963 “La sociología latinoamericana y el surgimiento de la sociología científica”, Gino Germani advirtió como un problema la calidad de ‘autenticidad’ de las aportaciones extranjeras a los contenidos de esta sociología, cuyo primer momento de las aportaciones fue la recepción del positivismo. El segundo momento lo define como anti-positivista, del cual valora su carácter de renovación filosófica pero también de un claro retroceso que, el tercer momento, el de la sociología científica está llamado a corregir y superar de sus connotaciones librescas.
Can modifying shielding, field of view, and exposure settings make the effective dose of a cone-beam computed tomography comparable to traditional radiographs used for orthodontic diagnosis?
Authors: Ting Stephanie , Attaia Diana , Johnson K. Brandon , Kossa Samer Shoukry , Friedland Bernard , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Masoud Mohamed I. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To analyze the effect of changes in exposure settings, field of view (FOV), and shielding on radiation to an adult and child phantom from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging compared to panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs.

Materials and Methods
The effective dose to an adult and child anthropomorphic phantom by the CS 9300 using various scan protocols was recorded. Absorbed radiation was measured with optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters and effective dose calculated using 2007 International Commission on Radiological Protection tissue weighting factors. Scan protocols included different FOVs, voxel sizes, and standard versus low-dose protocols. Radiation shielding was used when it did not interfere with FOV. Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken with the Orthophos SL.

Results
Even with shielding, smaller FOVs, and increased voxel sizes, the effective dose of standard CBCT scans was higher than panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs. A shielded limited FOV standard scan combined with a lateral cephalometric radiograph resulted in a lower dose (P &lt; .001) than a full FOV standard scan. Low-dose shielded scans resulted in significant dose reductions to the adult (P &lt; .05) and child (P &lt; .001) phantoms compared to the respective panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs combined. Image quality analysis was not possible with radiation equivalent phantoms.

Conclusions
Unlike standard CBCTs, shielded low-dose CBCT protocols in the CS 9300 have lower effective doses than conventional radiographs for adult and child phantoms. If high resolution and cranial base visualization are necessary, combining a shielded LFOV standard exposure with a cephalometric radiograph is recommended.
Three-dimensional comparative evaluation of articular disc position and other temporomandibular joint morphology in Class II horizontal and vertical cases with Class I malocclusion:
Authors: John Zynul Ali Sirsmith , Shrivastav Sunita S. , Kamble Ranjit , Jaiswal Eshita , Dhande Rajasbala 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate and compare articular disk position, condylar position, and joint spaces in Class II vertical, Class II horizontal, and Class I cases. The purpose was to assess the potential for development of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in the three groups.

Materials and Methods
A sample of 75 cases, 25 cases in each group of Class I, Class II vertical, and Class II horizontal, were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments were made with a 1.5-Tesla basic system with a closed-mouth technique for evaluating articular disk position in the sagittal and transverse planes, condylar position, and joint spaces in the sagittal plane. Philips 3.0 software was used to analyze the MR images.

Results
There was evidence of alterations in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology in both Class II vertical and Class II horizontal cases, with maximum discrepancy in Class II vertical cases. MRI evaluation suggested a tendency for antero-medial disk displacement with anteriorly positioned condyles in Class II vertical cases. The discrepancy was milder in the Class II horizontal group.

Conclusions
Class II vertical cases are more susceptible to the development of TMDs and should be subjected to TMJ evaluation before starting any orthodontic treatment to intercept and prevent a mild asymptomatic TMD from developing into a more severe form. Class II vertical cases should be subjected to MRI evaluation before starting any orthodontic treatment.
Terahertz Microstrip Patch Antennas For The Surveillance Applications
Authors: Mahmud Rashad Hassan 
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a new design of the microstrip patch antenna operated at the terahertz frequencies (700-850 GHz). The conventional microstrip patch antenna dimensions shrink to a few microns when operating at such terahertz frequencies. Thus, the design of the patch and its feeding network will be miniaturized extremely, and their fabrications would be extremely difficult. In this paper, the configuration of the proposed microstrip patch antenna is suited in a way that it can be modeled using multilayers structure. This multilayer structure facilitates the modeling, and considering its fabrication. The proposed microstrip antenna has been designed using three layers. The top layer is used to model the rectangular patch; while the second layer is for the substrate, and the bottom layer is for the ground plane. The physical dimensions of the layers and the fed-line are optimised using the microwave Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulator in order to enhance the electrical parameters of the antenna such as antenna realised gain, bandwidth, total and radiation efficiencies, and radiation patterns. In addition to that, the impact of the physical dimensions of the rectangular patch on controlling the resonant frequency of the dominant mode (TM01) have been investigated. Keeping the lower and higher propagating modes out of the frequency band of interest is another aspect which has been addressed in this paper. The antenna has been simulated, and its realised gain fluctuates from 6.4 dBi to 9.7 dBi over the operating frequency range (700-850 GHz). Also, it provides extremely large reflection coefficient bandwidth (S11) which it is below -10 dB over the entire operating frequency band. The total efficiency is more than 75 %. Due to its simplicity and providing large bandwidth, the proposed antenna could be of interest in many security and surveillance applications.
Prevalence and Characterization of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Infection among Blood Donors in Erbil
Authors: Taher Chato A. , Saleh Goran N. 
Published: May 2020

Blood transmitting infectious disease still remains a considerable global health problem. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are two of the most commonly transmitted infectious agents. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted between December, 2017, and February, 2018, at the Directorate of Blood Bank in Erbil Province, Northern Iraq. During that period, a total of 6173 blood donors donated blood; all blood donors were asked a series of questions through a structured questionnaire designed for such purpose. These patients were serologically examined for HBV and HCV. Positive blood samples were further analyzed serologically and confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Among 6173 blood donors who were investigated for HBV, 7 (0.11%) and 98 (1.6%) were positive for hepatitis B urface antigen (HBs-Ag) and hepatitis B core Antibody (HBc-Ab), respectively, whereas during screening for HCV, 4 (0.06%) were positive for HCV-Ab. Coinfection (dual infection (HBV and HCV) was positive in 1 patient (0.01%). Among 98 reactive samples, 75.5% were positive for HBs antibody (HBs-Ab), the remaining 24 samples (24.5%) were regarded as occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), since they were positive for HBc-Ab, whereas negative both for HBs-Ag and HBs-Ab. The diagnosis of OBI could be confirmed by RT-PCR in 8 samples, 33% of samples. The overall incidence of HBV and HCV among examined blood donors was 0.5 %, and 0.06%, respectively. Amidst that incidence, 0.39 % were diagnosed as OBI. To prevent viral transmission through blood transfusion is needed to combine a different and sensitive method for HBV detection as well as volve tests that have high sensitivity and specificity for serological markers. Moreover, a molecular tool that is sensitive enough to detect very low copies of viral DNA must also be developed.
Assessing the Prevalence and Morphological Characteristics of Bifid Mandibular Canal Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography – A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nithya J. , Aswath Nalini 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
To evaluate the prevalence, location and configuration of bifid mandibular canals so as to avoid injury to the nerve and inadequate anesthesia during surgical procedures.

Materials and Methods:
CBCT scan of 203 patients (125 males and 78 females) was evaluated for the presence and the type of the bifid mandibular canal. They were classified according to Nortje et al. The prevalence rates were determined according to gender, location, and type of bifid mandibular canal. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 24.

Results:
The prevalence rate of bifid mandibular canals was found to be 10.3% with 12.8% in males and 6.4% in females. The Chi-square test reveals there is a statistically significant difference between the different locations of bifid mandibular canals and most of the canals were present on the right side. The most frequent type of bifid mandibular canal observed was type II dental canal (38.1%), followed by type III forward canal (28.6%), type I retromolar canal (14.3%), and type IV buccolingual canal (14.3%).

Conclusion:
CBCT is suggested for a detailed evaluation and identification of bifid mandibular canals before any surgical procedures to avoid post-operative complications.
Biblio-Journaling sebagai optimalisasi peran Ayah pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (1000 HPK)
Authors: Iswandari Devi Putri , Hariastuti Iswari , Anggriana Tyas Martika , Wardani Silvia Yula 
Published: May 2020

Stunting adalah sebuah masalah kesehatan yang berkaitan dengan malnutrisi kronis yang terjadi pada anak dan masih menjadi perhatian pemerintah Indonesia dalam upaya penanganannya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran biblio-journaling untuk optimalisasi peran ayah pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (1000 HPK) sebagai upaya menurunkan prevalensi stunting. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen menggunakan one group pre-test post-test design. Subjek penelitian diambil secara purposive dengan kriteria seorang ayah yang sedang memiliki anak yang berusia di bawah tiga tahun. Jumlah sampel adalah 20 orang. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket yang disusun berdasarkan indikator peran ayah dalam pengasuhan 100 Hari Pertama Kelahiran. Hipotesis penelitian diuji menggunakan Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test. Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan dapat membuktikan bahwa biblio-journaling dapat meningkatkan pemahaman ayah tentang stunting sehingga peran ayah pada 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (100 HPK) menjadi optimal sebagai upaya menurunkan prevalensi stunting. Abstract: Stunting is a health problem related to chronic malnutrition that occurs in children and is still a concern of the Indonesian government in its handling efforts.Â This article aims to study the role of biblio-journal to optimize the role of fathers in the First 1000 Days of Life (1000 HPK) as an effort to increase the prevalence of stunting. This study used an experimental research method withÂ oneÂ group of pre-test and post-test design. The research subjects were 20 fathers taken purposively with the criteria being having children under threeÂ years old. The data collection method uses a questionnaire that is based on indicators of the role of fathers in the care of the First 100 Days of Life (1000 HPK). Research hypotheses were tested using the Wilcoxon sign rank test.Â The results of the research prove that biblio-journaling can increase father's understanding of stunting so that the father's role in the First 1000 Days of Life (100 HPK) is optimal as an effort to reduce prevalenceÂ of stunting.