bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PBT2 acts through a different mechanism of action than other 8-hydroxyquinolines: an X-ray fluorescence imaging study
Authors: Summers Kelly L , Dolgova Natalia V , Gagnon Kenneth B , Sopasis George J , James Ashley K , Lai Barry , Sylvain Nicole J , Harris Hugh H , Nichol Helen K , George Graham N , Pickering Ingrid J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
8-Hydroxyquinolines (8HQs) comprise a family of metal-binding compounds that have been used or tested for use in numerous medicinal applications, including as treatments for bacterial infection, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer. Two key 8HQs, CQ (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline) and PBT2 (2-(dimethylamino)methyl-5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline), have drawn considerable interest and have been the focus of many studies investigating their in vivo properties. These drugs have been described as copper and zinc ionophores because they do not cause metal depletion, as would be expected for a chelation mechanism, but rather cellular accumulation of these ions. In studies of their anti-cancer properties, CQ has been proposed to elicit toxic intracellular copper accumulation and to trigger apoptotic cancer cell death through several possible pathways. In this study we used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging, in combination with biochemical assays and light microscopy, to investigate 8HQ-induced alterations to metal ion homeostasis, as well as cytotoxicity and cell death. We used the bromine fluorescence from a bromine labelled CQ congener (5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline; B2Q) to trace the intracellular localization of B2Q following treatment and found that B2Q crosses the cell membrane. We also found that 8HQ co-treatment with Cu(ii) results in significantly increased intracellular copper and significant cytotoxicity compared with 8HQ treatments alone. PBT2 was found to be more cytotoxic, but a weaker Cu(ii) ionophore than other 8HQs. Moreover, treatment of cells with copper in the presence of CQ or B2Q resulted in copper accumulation in the nuclei, while PBT2-guided copper was distributed near to the cell membrane. These results suggest that PBT2 may be acting through a different mechanism than that of other 8HQs to cause the observed cytotoxicity.
ACE2, the kidney and the emergence of COVID-19 two decades after ACE2 discovery
Authors: Lores Enrique , Wysocki Jan , Batlle Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) is a homologue of angiotensin-converting enzyme discovered in 2000. From the initial discovery, it was recognized that the kidneys were organs very rich on ACE2. Subsequent studies demonstrated the precise localization of ACE2 within the kidney and the importance of this enzyme in the metabolism of Angiotensin II and the formation of Angiotensin 1–7. With the recognition early in 2020 of ACE2 being the main receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the interest in this protein has dramatically increased. In this review, we will focus on kidney ACE2; its localization, its alterations in hypertension, diabetes, the effect of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) on ACE2 and the potential use of ACE2 recombinant proteins therapeutically for kidney disease.
We also describe the emerging kidney manifestations of COVID-19, namely the frequent development of acute kidney injury. The possibility that binding of SARS-CoV-2 to kidney ACE2 plays a role in the kidney manifestations is also briefly discussed.
Atmospheric Rossiter–McLaughlin effect and transmission spectroscopy of WASP-121b with ESPRESSO
Authors: Borsa F. , Allart R. , Casasayas-Barris N. , Tabernero H. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Cristiani S. , Pepe F. , Rebolo R. , Santos N. C. , Adibekyan V. , Bourrier V. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Ehrenreich D. , Pallé E. , Sousa S. , Lillo-Box J. , Lovis C. , Micela G. , Oshagh M. , Poretti E. , Sozzetti A. , Allende Prieto C. , Alibert Y. , Amate M. , Benz W. , Bouchy F. , Cabral A. , Dekker H. , D’Odorico V. , Di Marcantonio P. , Figueira P. , Genova Santos R. , González Hernández J. I. , Lo Curto G. , Manescau A. , Martins C. J. A. P. , Mégevand D. , Mehner A. , Molaro P. , Nunes N. J. , Riva M. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Udry S. , Zerbi F. 
Published: November 2020

Context. Ultra-hot Jupiters are excellent laboratories for the study of exoplanetary atmospheres. WASP-121b is one of the most studied; many recent analyses of its atmosphere report interesting features at different wavelength ranges.
Aims. In this paper we analyze one transit of WASP-121b acquired with the high-resolution spectrograph ESPRESSO at VLT in one-telescope mode, and one partial transit taken during the commissioning of the instrument in four-telescope mode.
Methods. We take advantage of the very high S/N data and of the extreme stability of the spectrograph to investigate the anomalous in-transit radial velocity curve and study the transmission spectrum of the planet. We pay particular attention to the removal of instrumental effects, and stellar and telluric contamination. The transmission spectrum is investigated through single-line absorption and cross-correlation with theoretical model templates.
Results. By analyzing the in-transit radial velocities we were able to infer the presence of the atmospheric Rossiter–McLaughlin effect. We measured the height of the planetary atmospheric layer that correlates with the stellar mask (mainly Fe) to be 1.052 ± 0.015 Rp and we also confirmed the blueshift of the planetary atmosphere. By examining the planetary absorption signal on the stellar cross-correlation functions we confirmed the presence of a temporal variation of its blueshift during transit, which could be investigated spectrum-by-spectrum thanks to the quality of our ESPRESSO data. We detected significant absorption in the transmission spectrum for Na, H, K, Li, Ca II, and Mg, and we certified their planetary nature by using the 2D tomographic technique. Particularly remarkable is the detection of Li, with a line contrast of ~0.2% detected at the 6σ level. With the cross-correlation technique we confirmed the presence of Fe I, Fe II, Cr I, and V I. Hα and Ca II are present up to very high altitudes in the atmosphere (~1.44 Rp and ~2 Rp, respectively), and also extend beyond the transit-equivalent Roche lobe radius of the planet. These layers of the atmosphere have a large line broadening that is not compatible with being caused by the tidally locked rotation of the planet alone, and could arise from vertical winds or high-altitude jets in the evaporating atmosphere.
Frakturen der Röhrenknochen der Hand
Authors: Liodaki Eirini , Kalousis Konstantinos , Mailänder Peter , Stang Felix 
Published: November 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFinger- und Mittelhandknochen (MHK)-Frakturen gehören zu den häufigsten Frakturen des menschlichen Körpers. Die frühzeitige Diagnose und Behandlung dieser Frakturen sind essenziell für ein gutes funktionelles Ergebnis der verletzten Hand. Wir berichten über die Symptomatik, Diagnostik, Klassifikation und über die Behandlung dieser Frakturen je nach Lokalisation und Typ.
Training a computer-aided polyp detection system to detect sessile serrated adenomas using public domain colonoscopy videos
Authors: Li Taibo , Glissen Brown Jeremy R. , Tsourides Kelovoulos , Mahmud Nadim , Cohen Jonah M. , Berzin Tyler M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health burden worldwide, and colonoscopy is the most commonly used CRC screening tool. Still, there is variability in adenoma detection rate (ADR) among endoscopists. Recent studies have reported improved ADR using deep learning models trained on videos curated largely from private in-house datasets. Few have focused on the detection of sessile serrated adenomas (SSAs), which are the most challenging target clinically.
Methods We identified 23 colonoscopy videos available in the public domain and for which pathology data were provided, totaling 390 minutes of footage. Expert endoscopists annotated segments of video with adenomatous polyps, from which we captured 509 polyp-positive and 6,875 polyp-free frames. Via data augmentation, we generated 15,270 adenomatous polyp-positive images, of which 2,310 were SSAs, and 20,625 polyp-negative images. We used the CNN AlexNet and fine-tuned its parameters using 90 % of the images, before testing its performance on the remaining 10 % of images unseen by the model.
Results We trained the model on 32,305 images and tested performance on 3,590 images with the same proportion of SSA, non-SSA polyp-positive, and polyp-negative images. The overall accuracy of the model was 0.86, with a sensitivity of 0.73 and a specificity of 0.96. Positive predictive value was 0.93 and negative predictive value was 0.96. The area under the curve was 0.94. SSAs were detected in 93 % of SSA-positive images.
Conclusions Using a relatively small set of publicly-available colonoscopy data, we obtained sizable training and validation sets of endoscopic images using data augmentation, and achieved an excellent performance in adenomatous polyp detection.
Rektumkarzinom – Robotic Setup, Port Placement, strukturierte OP-Schritte
Authors: Türler Andreas , Loriz Haug-Lambert , Schröder Tatjana , Cerasani Nicola 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie robotische tiefe anteriore Rektumresektion beim Rektumkarzinom findet zunehmend Verbreitung in Europa. Es ergeben sich sowohl onkologisch als auch funktionell potenzielle Vorteile gegenüber dem konventionellen laparoskopischen Zugang. Die neue Generation der Operationsroboter, insbesondere das Da-Vinci-Xi-System von Intuitive, erweitert die Möglichkeiten des robotischen Zuganges, insbesondere bei der Mobilisation der linken Kolonflexur. Dementsprechend kann die tiefe anteriore Resektion sicher, komplikationsarm und ohne Hybridunterstützung robotisch durchgeführt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden das Setup des Roboters, das Port Placement und die Operationsschritte bei der robotischen tiefen anterioren Resektion beschrieben. Hierbei werden sowohl die Besonderheiten des Da-Vinci-Xi- als auch des -X-Systems hervorgehoben. Potenzielle Vorteile gegenüber dem laparoskopischen Zugang durch eine bessere 3-dimensionale Visualisierung des Operationssitus durch eine Erhöhung der Bewegungsfreiheitsgrade und durch eine erhöhte Präzision der Instrumentenführung können zu verbesserten Resultaten der Rektumchirurgie führen. Bisher ist die Evidenz allerdings zu schwach, um die robotische tiefe anteriore Rektumresektion als Standardzugang beim Rektumkarzinom zu empfehlen.
Early functional treatment or trivialization? – current treatment strategies in lateral ligament injuries of the ankle
Authors: Popp Daniel , Weber Johannes , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Schicho Andreas , Baumann Florian , Hilber Franz , Krutsch Werner , Alt Volker , Pfeifer Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Ankle injuries are common in daily orthopaedic trauma practice, with a high incidence of lateral ligament complex (lat‐lig‐com) injuries of the ankle joint (AJ). Primarily, these lat‐lig‐com injuries heal sufficiently, although there is a risk of developing chronic ankle instability. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the clinical application and routine for rehabilitation strategies so as to prevent chronic instability. This study investigates the current rehabilitation concepts in clinical routine after ligament injuries of the AJ. Methods: Rehabilitation protocols, provided by orthopaedic and trauma surgery institutions in German speaking countries, were analysed in terms of weight‐bearing, range of motion (ROM), physiotherapy and choice of orthosis. All protocols for operatively and non‐operatively (nop) treated ligament ruptures of the AJ were included. Results: 120 of 213 institutions provided protocols of lat‐lig‐com injuries of the AJ. Regarding the orthosis, the nop‐treatment group mainly used ankle braces; in contrast, the operative group preferred the use of an ankle boot. The operative group recommends 6–12 weeks for duration of orthosis in contrast to only 6 weeks in the nop group. Significant differences prevail in ROM, with free ROM in non‐operative treatment from the first day after trauma (p<0.001) in contrast to a careful increase in ROM in the first 6 weeks post‐operatively. Conclusion: Early functional treatment is clinical standard in rehabilitation after lat‐lig‐com injuries of the ankle. Regarding current literature the differences of restrictions in ROM and orthosis treatment after lat‐lig‐com injuries suggest a trivialization of conservative treatment in the first period after trauma compared to post‐operative aftercare.
An exactly solvable toy model
Authors: Wang X G , Zhang J M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In an attempt to regularize a previously known exactly solvable model (Yang and Zhang 2019 Eur. J. Phys.
40 035401), we find yet another exactly solvable toy model. The interesting point is that while the Hamiltonian of the model is parameterized by a function f(x) defined on [0, ∞), its spectrum depends only on the end values of f, i.e., f(0) and f(∞). This model can serve as a good exercise in quantum mechanics at the undergraduate level.
Nitrogen-doped carbon-coated nanodiamonds for electrocatalytic applications
Authors: Hung Tran Van , Karunagaran Ramesh , Tung Tran Thanh , Dang Nam Nguyen , Nguyen Sang Xuan , Losic Dusan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon hybridized nanodiamond (N-doped C@ND) materials have been developed and used as an electrocatalytic for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs). The polymerized ionic liquids are employed to modify NDs and then subjected to thermal annealing at 600 °C, resulting in a high concentration of N-doped (9.33 at.%) carbon frameworks attached on the ND surface. This N-doped C@ND material provides a highly active mesoporous structure (4 nm pore) with a high surface area (366 m2 g−1) and allows for enhancement of catalytic performance compared to pure NDs. The N-doped C layers altered the electroneutrality of NDs, creating favourable charged sites for oxygen adsorption, thus weakening the O–O bond strength to facilitate ORR activity. Having a predominant four-electron transfer pathway with a total electron transfer number of 3.44–3.88 in the potential region of 0.1–0.8 VRHF, the N-doped C@ND-based catalyst materials performed well as a catalyst for the ORR in the alkaline medium. This affordable material and simple process will find potential application in clean energy generation and storage, durable fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Enhanced broadband acoustic sensing in gradient coiled metamaterials
Authors: Chen Tinggui , Jiao Junrui , Yu Dejie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Enhanced acoustic sensing is a topic of interest in a variety of research fields. Here, we propose a gradient coiling up metamaterial (GCM), combining gradient and coiled structures, so as to realize enhanced broadband acoustic sensing. Compared with metamaterials without coiled structures, the GCM shows a far superior performance in terms of acoustic enhancement, enabling the acoustic signals to be magnified up to approximately 80 times, over a wide frequency range. Moreover, by virtue of coupling the coiled structures, trapped and enhanced frequencies in the GCM can be reduced by nearly 43%. In addition, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate the property of frequency-selective enhancement over a wide frequency range, which can be used to approximate unknown signals by changing their measured positions. Moreover, harmonic signals with useful information can be effectively recognized and recovered from strong background noise, using GCM. Our results indicate that GCMs can be regarded as a functional material or an enhanced acoustic sensing device to improve the acoustic sensing performance of signal detection in practical engineering applications.
Breaking μ − τ symmetry of tri-bimaximal mixing
Authors: Channey Kanwaljeet S , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The TBM neutrino mass matrix is invariant under the TM1, TM2, and μ − τ exchange symmetry. The prediction of vanishing θ
13 by TBM is due to its invariance under μ − τ exchange symmetry. We can construct neutrino mass textures where TBM mass matrix is the main contributing matrix and a μ − τ symmetry breaking term is added as an additional contribution. The overall matrix will be invariant under either TM1 or TM2 symmetry only. We present eight such textures which are invariant under either TM1 or TM2 symmetry but are not invariant under the μ − τ exchange symmetry. These textures give definite predictions on the values of m

β
, m

ββ
, CP violating phase δ, and the octant of the mixing angle θ
23.
LiDAR point’s elliptical error model and laser positioning for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Liu Xiangyong , Sun Xuesong , Xia Xin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Automated driving is the development trend of vehicle driving, and laser LiDAR is the high-precision positioning sensor that automated driving relies on most. Laser positioning mainly depends on the relative orientation from the detected environment features to the self-vehicle. However, when there are multiple detected features that carry different orientation information, all the data are redundant. In order to improve the vehicle’s positioning accuracy, two laser point evaluation models were put forward. First, based on the plane area analysis method, a spot error model was proposed, and the error distribution with the incidence angle and scanning distance was obtained. Second, the laser point’s position approximately obeys the Gaussian distribution, the laser’s stereo error ellipsoid model was established, and the laser point’s probability volume was calculated through the probability integration. Third, the point cloud features were extracted by a proposed roughness method, the point accuracy was evaluated by the proposed spot and stereo error models, and the points’ relative weights were recalculated in the laser signal’s positioning process. Finally, in order to verify the laser point’s evaluation positioning method, the simulation and experimental verifications were conducted. The results show that the evaluation method based on the error ellipse models can improve the laser positioning accuracy effectively.
Atomistic simulations of gold surface functionalization for nanoscale biosensors applications
Authors: Dutta Sutapa , Bellucci Luca , Agostini Matteo , Gagliardi Mariacristina , Corni Stefano , Cecchini Marco , Brancolini Giorgia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A wide class of biosensors can be built via functionalization of gold surface with proper bio conjugation element capable of interacting with the analyte in solution, and the detection can be performed either optically, mechanically or electrically. Any change in physico-chemical environment or any slight variation in mass localization near the surface of the sensor can cause differences in nature of the transduction mechanism. The optimization of such sensors may require multiple experiments to determine suitable experimental conditions for the immobilization and detection of the analyte. Here, we employ molecular modeling techniques to assist the optimization of a gold-surface biosensor. The gold surface of a quartz-crystal-microbalance sensor is functionalized using polymeric chains of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of 2 KDa molecular weight, which is an inert long chain amphiphilic molecule, supporting biotin molecules (bPEG) as the ligand molecules for streptavidin analyte. The PEG linkers are immobilized onto the gold surface through sulphur chemistry. Four gold surfaces with different PEG linker density and different biotinylation ratio between bPEG and PEG, are investigated by means of state-of-the art atomistic simulations and compared with available experimental data. Results suggest that the amount of biotin molecules accessible for the binding with the protein increases upon increasing the linkers density. At the high density a 1:1 ratio of bPEG/PEG can further improve the accessibility of the biotin ligand due to a strong repulsion between linker chains and different degree of hydrophobicity between bPEG and PEG linkers. The study provides a computaional protocol to model sensors at the level of single molecular interactions, and for optimizing the physical properties of surface conjugated ligand which is crucial to enhance output of the sensor.
Expansion of alternatively extracted ion–ion beam in a low pressure collisional medium
Authors: Oudini N , Bendib A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate, through particle-in-cell with Monte Carlo collisions (PIC-MCC) simulations, the effects of collisions on the expansion of an ion–ion beam formed by the alternate extraction of oppositely charged ions. This beam is extracted from an ion–ion plasma, formed in the downstream of a radiofrequency magnetically filtered iodine electronegative plasma, by the mean of two extraction grids. In this grid system, the screen grid is biased with a square voltage waveform, in the low MHz range, while the acceleration grid is grounded. The collisionless interaction between the extracted ion packets involves and enhances electrostatic waves propagating at beam velocity. Our results show that in addition to these electrostatic waves, the presence of significant fraction of low energy ions, produced by charge exchange, beside extracted fast ions gives rise to two-stream instability. Furthermore, space and time dependent electric field might accelerate the slow ions, produced by charge exchange collision. This acceleration, involving Landau damping and its inverse mechanism, is mainly due to the interaction between ions and potential patterns inherent to two-stream instability.
Suppression of nonlinear standing wave excitation via the electrical asymmetry effect
Authors: Zhao Kai , Su Zi-Xuan , Liu Jia-Rui , Liu Yong-Xin , Zhang Yu-Ru , Schulze Julian , Song Yuan-Hong , Wang You-Nian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The electrical asymmetry effect (EAE) enables separate control of the ion flux and the mean ion energy in capacitively coupled plasmas (CCP). While a variety of plasma processing applications benefit from this, large-area, very-high-frequency CCPs still suffer from lateral nonuniformities caused by electromagnetic standing wave effects (SWE). Many of such plasma sources are geometrically asymmetric and are operated at low pressure so that high frequency nonlinear plasma series resonance (PSR) oscillations of the RF current are self-excited. These PSR oscillations lead to the presence of short wavelength electromagnetic waves and a more pronounced SWE. In this work, we investigate the influence of the EAE on the nonlinear standing wave excitation in a geometrically asymmetric, low pressure capacitively coupled argon plasma driven by two consecutive harmonics (30 MHz and 60 MHz) with an adjustable phase shift, θ. We use a hairpin probe to determine the radial distribution of the electron density in combination with a high-frequency B-dot probe to measure the radial distribution of the harmonic magnetic field, which in turn is used to calculate the harmonic current density based on Ampere’s law. Our experimental results show that the asymmetry of the discharge can be reduced electrically via the EAE. In this way the self-excitation of high frequency PSR oscillations can be attenuated. By tuning θ, it is, therefore, possible to switch on and off the nonlinear standing wave excitation caused by the PSR and, accordingly, the plasma uniformity can be optimized.