bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rapid flood risk assessment method for response operations and nonsubject‐matter‐expert community planning
Authors: Longenecker Herbert E. , Graeden Ellie , Kluskiewicz Dan , Zuzak Casey , Rozelle Jesse , Aziz Ajmal L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFlood risk planning and emergency response at community levels rely on fast access to accurate inundation models that identify geographic areas, assets, and populations that may be flooded. However, limited flood modelling resources are available to support these events and activities. We present a computationally‐efficient flood model for facilitating rapid risk analysis across a wide range of scenarios and decision support to operational, crisis action, local flood‐fight, and community planning efforts. Our flood depth regression method converts publicly‐available river stage heights to flood depths, then downscales the depths from gage locations onto high resolution National Hydrography Dataset flowlines and estimates areas and depths of flooding by subtraction of the National Elevation Dataset from modelled water surface elevations. We demonstrate proof‐of‐principle analyses for historic 2009 Red River of the North flooding in the United States, achieving comprehensive mainstem flood estimation for the length of the river and depth accuracy of 1.4 ft (0.4 m) compared to gage observations, remote sensing, and higher‐resolution hydrologic models. We also demonstrate the utility of the method to inform planning and response decisions in preparation for flooding in a companion scenario for Yerington, Nevada, and call for further research and operationalization of riverine inundation mapping techniques.
Effect of PNPLA3 polymorphism on diagnostic performance of various noninvasive markers for diagnosing and staging nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Liu Wen‐Yue , Zheng Kenneth I. , Pan Xiao‐Yan , Ma Hong‐Lei , Zhu Pei‐Wu , Wu Xi‐Xi , Rios Rafael S. , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D , Wang Xiao‐Dong , Chen Yong‐Ping , Zheng Ming‐Hua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimPatatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) I148M (rs738409) genotype influences clinical/biochemical characteristics in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but whether PNPLA3‐I148M (rs738409) genotype also influences the diagnostic performance of noninvasive diagnostic tests for NAFLD is uncertain. Our aim was to investigate the differences in diagnostic performance of noninvasive diagnostic tests for NAFLD according to PNPLA3‐I148M (rs738409) genotype.MethodsFifty‐eight healthy controls and 349 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD were included. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) were calculated to predict hepatic steatosis (fatty liver index and hepatic steatosis index), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (cytokeratin‐18 M30 and M65), and significant fibrosis (≥F2 fibrosis) (fibrosis‐4 and BARD), stratifying by rs738409 genotypes (CC and CG + GG groups).ResultsFatty liver index and hepatic steatosis index showed good diagnostic performance for diagnosing steatosis only in the CG + GG group with AUROCs ranging from 0.819 to 0.832. Cytokeratin‐18 M30 (AUROC = 0.688) and M65 (AUROC = 0.678) had suboptimal performance for diagnosing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the CG + GG group, whereas both had good performance (AUROC = 0.814 and 0.813, respectively) in the CC group. BARD score showed good performance in the CG + GG group compared with the CC group (AUROC = 0.805 and 0.532, respectively). Fibrosis‐4 had suboptimal performance in the CG + GG group and good performance in the CC group (AUROC = 0.662 and 0.801, respectively).ConclusionsDiagnostic performance of noninvasive tests for NAFLD varied markedly according to PNPLA3 genotypes. Clinicians should be aware that PNPLA3 genotype limits the clinical utility of noninvasive diagnostic tests for diagnosing NAFLD.
Long‐term outcome of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided pancreatic duct drainage using a fully covered self‐expandable metal stent for pancreaticojejunal anastomosis stricture
Authors: Oh Dongwook , Park Do Hyun , Song Tae Jun , Lee Sang Soo , Seo Dong‐Wan , Lee Sung Koo , Kim Myung‐Hwan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided pancreatic duct drainage (EUS‐PD) has been proposed for pancreatic duct obstruction after failure of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. We evaluate the long‐term outcomes of EUS‐PD using a fully covered self‐expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) for pancreaticojejunal anastomosis (PJA) strictures following Whipple procedures.MethodsTwenty‐three patients with PJA strictures underwent EUS‐PD according to the findings of EUS‐guided pancreatogram and the passage of the guidewire through PJA stricture (complete vs partial stricture) after failure of endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. Technical and clinical success, adverse events (AEs), and long‐term outcomes were assessed.ResultsTechnical and clinical success was achieved in all patients. The complete and partial strictures were 11 and 12, respectively. The direct transanastomotic and transmural plastic stenting in partial PJA stricture was successful in only three patients (13%). Therefore, 20 patients underwent EUS‐guided transmural FCSEMS placement during the initial attempt. Early AEs, including abdominal pain (n = 3) and peripancreatic fluid collection (n = 1), occurred in four patients (17.4%). During the follow‐up periods (median, 27.2 months; interquartile range [IQR], 18.7–40.6), five patients (21.7%) developed late AEs, including asymptomatic stent fracture at the gastric end (n = 3), asymptomatic stent migration (n = 1), and stent occlusion (n = 1). The total duration of stent placement was 27.2 months (IQR, 18.7–40.6), and the median number of stent revision was 2 (IQR, 1–2).ConclusionsIn terms of safety and efficacy, EUS‐PD with an FCSEMS showed favorable success and acceptable AEs rate and durable long‐term outcomes.
Planning mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection for indigenous Taiwanese peoples to reduce gastric cancer
Authors: Bair Ming‐Jong , Chuang Shu‐Lin , Lei Wei‐Yi , Chen Chien‐Lin , Tian Hui‐Wen , Chiang Tsung‐Hsien , Su William Wang‐Yu , Lin Chiu‐Chu , Chung Lo Yuan‐Ting , Jou Yann‐Yuh , Wu Chien‐Yuan , Chia Shu‐Li , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Chen Hsiu‐Hsi , Chu Chia‐Hsiang , Lee Yi‐Chia , Wang Ying‐Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe aim of this study is to identify gastric cancer burden in Indigenous Taiwanese peoples and conduct a project to evaluate how to reduce the disparities most effectively in Indigenous communities.MethodsFirst, we quantified the health disparities in gastric cancer in Indigenous peoples using data from the cancer registries during the period of 2006–2014. Second, we identified parameters that might be associated with Helicobacter pylori infection or help identify a good eradication strategy.ResultsGastric cancer incidence (24.4 vs 12.3 per 100 000 person‐years) and mortality rates (15.8 vs 6.8 per 100 000 person‐years) were higher in Indigenous than in non‐Indigenous, with 2.19‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.06–2.33) and 2.47‐fold (2.28–2.67) increased risk, respectively. In Indigenous communities, H. pylori infection was more prevalent in Indigenous than in non‐Indigenous (59.4% vs 31.5%, P < 0.01). Regression analyses consistently showed that either the mountain or plain Indigenous had 1.89‐fold (95% CI: 1.34–2.66) and 1.73‐fold (95% CI: 1.24–2.41) increased risk for H. pylori infection, respectively, as compared with non‐Indigenous, adjusting for other baseline characteristics. The high infection rates were similarly seen in young, middle‐aged, and older adults. Program eradication rates using clarithromycin‐based triple therapy were suboptimal (73.7%, 95% CI: 70.0–77.4%); the habits of smoking (1.70‐fold, 95% CI: 1.01–2.39) and betel nut chewing (1.54‐fold, 95% CI: 0.93–2.16) were associated with the higher risk of treatment failure.ConclusionGastric cancer burden is higher in Indigenous Taiwanese peoples than in their non‐Indigenous counterparts. Eliminating the prevalent risk factor of H. pylori infection is a top priority to reduce this health disparity.
Effectiveness of risk scoring systems in predicting endoscopic treatment in colonic diverticular bleeding
Authors: Oguri Noriaki , Ikeya Takashi , Kobayashi Daiki , Yamamoto Kazuki , Yoshimoto Takaaki , Takasu Ayaka , Okamoto Takeshi , Shiratori Yasutoshi , Okuyama Shuhei , Takagi Koichi , Nakamura Kenji , Fukuda Katsuyuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe identification of stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) in colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB) enables an endoscopic treatment and can improve the clinical outcome. However, SRH identification rate remains low. This study aims to investigate whether NOBLADS and Strate scoring systems are useful for predicting SRH identification rate of CDB pre‐procedurally via colonoscopy.MethodsIn this single‐center retrospective observational study, 302 patients who experienced their first episode of CDB from April 2008 to March 2018 were included. Patients were classified into SRH‐positive and SRH‐negative groups. The primary outcome was SRH identification rate. The secondary outcomes were active bleeding in SRH and early rebleeding rates. The usefulness of the NOBLADS and Strate scores as predicted values of SRH identification was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.ResultsThere were 126 and 176 patients in the SRH‐positive and SRH‐negative groups, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for SRH identification using the NOBLADS score was 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.80) and that using the Strate score was 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.68–0.79). Active bleeding and early rebleeding rates increased according to each score. By setting the cut‐off of the NOBLADS score to four points, treatment was possible in 70.2% (66/94) patients. Addition of extravasation at computed tomography to a NOBLADS score of ≧ 4 points allowed treatment of all patients (24/24).ConclusionsSeverity scoring in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding was effective for predicting SRH identification in CDB. We suggest that combination of these scorings and CT findings could offer a new therapeutic strategy.
Feeding practices of pre‐school children and associated factors in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha L. , Parmar A. , Kulig B. , Hensel O. , Sturm B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn developing countries such as Nepal, many children aged below 3 years do not grow at a sufficiently high rate and are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. vitamin A). Challenges to child nutrition can result from poverty, unhealthy traditional practices, inadequate caring and feeding practices. The present study aimed to assess the feeding practices of pre‐school children and their associated factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out in pre‐schools located in Kathmandu district between February and March 2018. Three levels in terms of price range (lower, medium and higher level) of pre‐schools were selected to reach the mothers of children aged ≤3 years. A structured questionnaire was administered to 145 mothers. Descriptive analyses were conducted to observe the characteristics of the population. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the association for the factors of mothers’ perception of their current feeding practices.ResultsWe found that dal‐bhat/jaulo was a common complementary food irrespective of socio‐economic background. Interestingly, mothers who had received a higher education were significantly less likely to change their feeding practices (odds ratio = 0.118, confidence interval = 0.01–0.94). The mothers that fed a higher quantity porridge to their children showed a high willingness to change the feeding practices.ConclusionsPoor feeding practices are still an important public health problem in Nepal and were observed to be associated with low socio‐economic status, unawareness and a lack of knowledge towards dietary diversity combined with strong beliefs related to social forces and cultures.
New AMP‐forming acid:CoA ligases from Streptomyces lividans, some of which are posttranslationally regulated by reversible lysine acetylation
Authors: Burckhardt Rachel M. , VanDrisse Chelsey M. , Tucker Alex C. , Escalante‐Semerena Jorge C. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn nature, organic acids are a commonly used source of carbon and energy. Many bacteria use AMP‐forming acid:CoA ligases to convert organic acids into their corresponding acyl‐CoA derivatives, which can then enter metabolism. The soil environment contains a broad diversity of organic acids, so it is not surprising that bacteria such as Streptomyces lividans can activate many of the available organic acids. Our group has shown that the activity of many acid:CoA ligases is posttranslationally controlled by acylation of an active‐site lysine. In some cases, the modification is reversed by deacylases of different types. We identified eight new acid:CoA ligases in S. lividans TK24. Here, we report the range of organic acids that each of these enzymes can activate, and determined that two of the newly identified CoA ligases were under NAD+‐dependent sirtuin deacylase reversible lysine (de)acetylation control, four were not acetylated by two acetyltransferases used in this work, and two were acetylated but not deacetylated by sirtuin. This work provides insights into the broad organic‐acid metabolic capabilities of S. lividans, and sheds light into the control of the activities of CoA ligases involved in the activation of organic acids in this bacterium.
Inhibition of glycine cleavage system by pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate causes synthetic lethality in glyA yggS and serA yggS in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ito Tomokazu , Hori Ran , Hemmi Hisashi , Downs Diana M. , Yoshimura Tohru 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe YggS/Ybl036c/PLPBP family includes conserved pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP)‐binding proteins that play a critical role in the homeostasis of vitamin B6 and amino acids. Disruption of members of this family causes pleiotropic effects in many organisms by unknown mechanisms. In Escherichia coli, conditional lethality of the yggS and glyA (encoding serine hydroxymethyltransferase) has been described, but the mechanism of lethality was not determined. Strains lacking yggS and serA (3‐phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase) were conditionally lethality in the M9‐glucose medium supplemented with Gly. Analyses of vitamin B6 pools found the high‐levels of pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate (PNP) in the two yggS mutants. Growth defects of the double mutants could be eliminated by overexpressing PNP/PMP oxidase (PdxH) to decrease the PNP levels. Further, a serA pdxH strain, which accumulates PNP in the presence of yggS, exhibited similar phenotype to serA yggS mutant. Together these data suggested the inhibition of the glycine cleavage (GCV) system caused the synthetic lethality. Biochemical assays confirmed that PNP disrupts the GCV system by competing with PLP in GcvP protein. Our data are consistent with a model in which PNP‐dependent inhibition of the GCV system causes the conditional lethality observed in the glyA yggS or serA yggS mutants.
Non‐thermal atmospheric plasma treatment of onychomycosis in an in vitro human nail model
Authors: Bulson Jeffry M. , Liveris Dionysios , Derkatch Irina , Friedman Gary , Geliebter Jan , Park Sin , Singh Sarnath , Zemel Marc , Tiwari Raj K. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundOnychomycosis affects almost 6% of the world population. Topical azoles and systemic antifungal agents are of low efficacy and can have undesirable side effects. An effective, non‐invasive therapy for onychomycosis is an unmet clinical need.ObjectiveDetermine the efficacy threshold of non‐thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) to treat onychomycosis in an in vitro model.MethodsA novel toe/nail‐plate model using cadaver nails and agarose media inoculated with Candida albicans was exposed to a range of NTAP doses.ResultsDirect exposure of C albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes to 12 minutes of NTAP results in complete killing at doses of 39 and 15 kPulses, respectively. Onset of reduced viability of C albicans to NTAP treatment through the nail plate occurs at 64 kPulses with 10× and 100× reduction at 212 and 550 kPulses, respectively.ConclusionsNTAP is an effective, non‐invasive therapeutic approach to onychomycosis that should be evaluated in a clinical setting.
Multifloret spikelet improves rice yield
Authors: Ren Deyong , Li Yunfeng , He Guanghua , Qian Qian 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe typical rice (Oryza sativa) spikelet contains a single fertile floret and produces only one grain; by contrast, Brachypodium distachyon spikelets contain multiple fertile florets and produce several grains. To increase yield, rice breeders have traditionally focused on panicle morphology (branch number and length, spikelet density), but have not considered the number of florets in each spikelet. Production of rice spikelets with more florets could further increase the number of grains per panicle. Here, we describe two novel approaches – altering meristem determinacy and restoring lateral floret formation – for breeding rice cultivars with a multifloret spikelet, thereby increasing the number of grains per panicle and potentially improving yield.
A multilevel analysis of craniofacial growth in subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion
Authors: Rutili Valentina , Nieri Michele , Giuntini Veronica , McNamara James A. , Franchi Lorenzo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the craniofacial growth of a long‐term semi‐longitudinal sample of Caucasian subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion.Setting and sample populationA total of 144 Caucasian subjects (of North American and Italian origin) with untreated Class III malocclusion. Materials and methodsSubjects aged 2 years and 9 months up to 21 years and 7 months were selected. A multilevel model was used to calculate growth curves for ten variables for both each individual subject and for the whole sample.ResultsThere was a statistically significant increase for total mandibular length (Co‐Gn. T2‐T1 = 8.4 mm), midfacial length (Co‐A. T2‐T1 = 3.4 mm) and lower anterior facial height (ANS‐Me. T2‐T1 = 3.8 mm). The multilevel analysis showed two points of acceleration of growth (about 3‐5 years of age and 11‐15 years of age) for seven out of ten variables. For Co‐Gn and Co‐A variables, males presented points of maximum growth delayed by 1 year in comparison with females, with a greater duration (1 year longer) and a greater total growth of about 5 mm. Active mandibular growth continued for a long time after the pubertal spurt: increases in mandibular length ended at about 17 years of age in females and at 21 years and 7 months in males.ConclusionsUntreated Class III malocclusion showed a specific growth curve, especially for the mandible, whose excesses added up over time. In males, the amounts of mandibular and midfacial growth during the whole observation time were greater and lasted longer than in females.
Use of the cryoballoon to ablate pulmonary vein‐dependent left atrial flutter
Authors: Peigh Graham , Wasserlauf Jeremiah , Sattayaprasert Prasongchai , Verma Nishant , Knight Bradley P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNew atrial flutter (AFL) that arises after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by catheter or surgical ablation can originate from reconnection of a pulmonary vein (PV). Reisolation of PVs with cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for treatment of peri‐PV AFL after Maze or PVI has not previously been reported. The present case series describes use of CBA to treat post‐PVI and post‐Maze PV‐dependent AFL. In these cases, CBA was used to reisolate the PVs and terminate AFL without requiring additional lesion sets for treatment of AFL.
Quality of life, depression, and anxiety in patients with a subcutaneous versus transvenous defibrillator system
Authors: Pedersen Susanne S. , Carter Nathan , Barr Craig , Scholten Marcoen , Lambiase Pier D. , Boersma Lucas , Johansen Jens Brock , Theuns Dominic A. M. J. ,   on behalf of the EFFORTLESS Investigators
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundUse of the subcutaneous implantable defibrillator (S‐ICD) has increased because the device received US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2012, but we still know little about whether the quality of life (QoL) of patients with an S‐ICD versus a transvenous ICD (TV‐ICD) is comparable. We compared S‐ICD patients with TV‐ICD patients on QoL, depression, and anxiety up to 12 months’ follow‐up.MethodsA matched cohort of S‐ICD (N = 167) and TV‐ICD patients (N = 167) completed measures on QoL, depression, anxiety, and personality at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months post implant. Data were analyzed using multivariable modeling with repeated measures.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, we found no statistically significant differences between cohorts on physical and mental QoL and depression (all Ps > .05), while S‐ICD patients reported lower anxiety than TV‐ICD patients (P = 0.0007). Both cohorts experienced improvements in physical and mental QoL and symptoms of depression and anxiety over time (all Ps < .001), primarily between implant and 3 months. These improvements were similar for both cohorts with respect to physical and mental QoL and anxiety (Ps > .05), while S‐ICD patients experienced greater reductions in depressive symptoms (P = .0317).ConclusionThe QoL and depression levels were similar in patients with an S‐ICD and a TV‐ICD up to 12 months’ follow‐up, while S‐ICD patients reported lower anxiety levels and a greater reduction in depression over time as compared to TV‐ICD patients. This knowledge may be important for patients and clinicians, if the indication for implantation allows both the S‐ICD and the TV‐ICD, making a choice possible.
Breaking the glass ceiling, but facing a glass cliff? The role of organizational decline in women's representation in leadership positions in Dutch civil service organizations
Authors: Groeneveld Sandra , Bakker Vincent , Schmidt Eduard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite efforts to increase gender diversity and equality worldwide, women are still underrepresented in leadership positions in public bureaucracies. This article speaks to the debate on how organizational context, more specifically organizational decline, may influence gender representation in such leadership positions. Based on role congruity theory and glass cliff theory this article empirically examines whether and how excessive workforce reductions are associated with changes in the representation of women in leadership positions in Dutch civil service organizations. Panel analyses on administrative data show that women's representation in leadership positions varies over time, but is not significantly affected by excessive workforce reductions. Overall, the analyses do not provide evidence for a glass cliff for women in Dutch civil service organizations. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.