bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plan, recruit, retain: a framework for local healthcare organizations to achieve a stable remote rural workforce
Authors: Abelsen Birgit , Strasser Roger , Heaney David , Berggren Peter , Sigurðsson Sigurður , Brandstorp Helen , Wakegijig Jennifer , Forsling Niclas , Moody-Corbett Penny , Akearok Gwen Healey , Mason Anne , Savage Claire , Nicoll Pam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Recruiting and retaining a skilled health workforce is a common challenge for remote and rural communities worldwide, negatively impacting access to services, and in turn peoples’ health. The research literature highlights different factors facilitating or hindering recruitment and retention of healthcare workers to remote and rural areas; however, there are few practical tools to guide local healthcare organizations in their recruitment and retention struggles.
The purpose of this paper is to describe the development process, the contents, and the suggested use of The Framework for Remote Rural Workforce Stability. The Framework is a strategy designed for rural and remote healthcare organizations to ensure the recruitment and retention of vital healthcare personnel.

Method
The Framework is the result of a 7-year, five-country (Sweden, Norway, Canada, Iceland, and Scotland) international collaboration combining literature reviews, practical experience, and national case studies in two different projects.

Result
The Framework consists of nine key strategic elements, grouped into three main tasks (plan, recruit, retain). Plan: activities to ensure that the population’s needs are periodically assessed, that the right service model is in place, and that the right recruits are targeted. Recruit: activities to ensure that the right recruits and their families have the information and support needed to relocate and integrate in the local community. Retain: activities to support team cohesion, train current and future professionals for rural and remote health careers, and assure the attractiveness of these careers.
Five conditions for success are recognition of unique issues; targeted investment; a regular cycle of activities involving key agencies; monitoring, evaluating, and adjusting; and active community participation.

Conclusion
The Framework can be implemented in any local context as a holistic, integrated set of interventions. It is also possible to implement selected components among the nine strategic elements in order to gain recruitment and/or retention improvements.
Worldwide surveillance of self-reported sitting time: a scoping review
Authors: Mclaughlin M. , Atkin A. J. , Starr L. , Hall A. , Wolfenden L. , Sutherland R. , Wiggers J. , Ramirez A. , Hallal P. , Pratt M. , Lynch B. M. , Wijndaele K. ,   on behalf of the Sedentary Behaviour Council Global Monitoring Initiative Working Group, Adli Saiful , Gardiner Paul A. , Doyle Ciaran B. , Meadows Angela , Mabry Ruth M. , Pregonero Alberto Florez , Sadarangani Kabir P. , Hadgraft Nyssa T. , Boyle Terry , Farias Nicolas Aguilar , Mair Jacqueline L. , Hafoka Siosaia F. , Mielke Gregore Iven , Lin Selina Khoo Phaik , McLeod Vienna R. , Ranasinghe Chathuranga , Storning Paul C. , Dohrn Ing-Mari , Müller-Riemenschnieder Falk , Al Subhi Lyutha , Yee Anne Chu Hin , Gad Mayuri , Marques Adilson , Kontostoli Elli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Prolonged sitting time is a risk factor for chronic disease, yet recent global surveillance is not well described. The aims were to clarify: (i) the countries that have collected country-level data on self-reported sitting time; (ii) the single-item tools used to collect these data; and (iii) the duration of sitting time reported across low- to high-income countries.

Methods
Country-level data collected within the last 10 years using single-item self-report were included. The six-stage methodology: (1) reviewing Global Observatory for Physical Activity! Country Cards; (2–4) country-specific searches of PubMed, the Demographic and Health Survey website and Google; (5) analysing the Eurobarometer 88.4; and (6) country-specific searches for World Health Organization STEPwise reports.

Results
A total of 7641 records were identified and screened for eligibility. Sixty-two countries (29%) reported sitting time representing 47% of the global adult population. The majority of data were from high-income (61%) and middle income (29%) countries. The tools used were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ; n = 34), a modified IPAQ (n = 1) or the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ; n = 27). The median of mean daily sitting times was 4.7 (IQR: 3.5–5.1) hours across all countries. Higher-income countries recorded a longer duration of sitting time than lower-income countries (4.9 vs 2.7 h).

Conclusions
This study provides an updated collation of countries collecting self-reported sitting time data. The daily sitting time findings should be interpreted cautiously. Current surveillance of sitting time is limited by a lack of coverage. Measures of population sitting time that are valid, feasible and sensitive to change should be embedded within global surveillance systems, to help guide future policy, research and practice.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Impact of lockdown on Covid-19 case fatality rate and viral mutations spread in 7 countries in Europe and North America
Authors: Pachetti Maria , Marini Bruna , Giudici Fabiola , Benedetti Francesca , Angeletti Silvia , Ciccozzi Massimo , Masciovecchio Claudio , Ippodrino Rudy , Zella Davide 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China and has become a public health emergency of international concern. SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been declared a pandemic by WHO on March 11th, 2020 and the same month several Countries put in place different lockdown restrictions and testing strategies in order to contain the spread of the virus.

Methods
The calculation of the Case Fatality Rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Countries selected was made by using the data available at https://github.com/owid/covi-19-data/tree/master/public/data. Case fatality rate was calculated as the ratio between the death cases due to COVID-19, over the total number of SARS-CoV-2 reported cases 14 days before. Standard Case Fatality Rate values were normalized by the Country-specific ρ factor, i.e. the number of PCR tests/1 million inhabitants over the number of reported cases/1 million inhabitants. Case-fatality rates between Countries were compared using proportion test. Post-hoc analysis in the case of more than two groups was performed using pairwise comparison of proportions and p value was adjusted using Holm method. We also analyzed 487 genomic sequences from the GISAID database derived from patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 from January 2020 to April 2020 in Italy, Spain, Germany, France, Sweden, UK and USA. SARS-CoV-2 reference genome was obtained from the GenBank database (NC_045512.2). Genomes alignment was performed using Muscle and Jalview software. We, then, calculated the Case Fatality Rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Countries selected.

Results
In this study we analyse how different lockdown strategies and PCR testing capability adopted by Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Sweden, UK and USA have influenced the Case Fatality Rate and the viral mutations spread. We calculated case fatality rates by dividing the death number of a specific day by the number of patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection observed 14 days before and normalized by a ρ factor which takes into account the diagnostic PCR testing capability of each Country and the number of positive cases detected. We notice the stabilization of a clear pattern of mutations at sites nt241, nt3037, nt14408 and nt23403. A novel nonsynonymous SARS-CoV-2 mutation in the spike protein (nt24368) has been found in genomes sequenced in Sweden, which enacted a soft lockdown strategy.

Conclusions
Strict lockdown strategies together with a wide diagnostic PCR testing of the population were correlated with a relevant decline of the case fatality rate in different Countries. The emergence of specific patterns of mutations concomitant with the decline in case fatality rate needs further confirmation and their biological significance remains unclear.
Educating, training, and exercising for infectious disease control with emphasis on cross-border settings: an integrative review
Authors: de Rooij Doret , Belfroid Evelien , Hadjichristodoulou Christos , Mouchtouri Varvara A. , Raab Jörg , Timen Aura ,   for the EU HEALTHY GATEWAYS Joint Action consortium
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Points of entry and other border regions educate, train, and exercise (ETEs) their staff to improve preparedness and response to cross-border health threats. However, no conclusive knowledge of these ETEs’ effectiveness exists. This study aimed to review the literature on ETEs in infectious disease control concerning their methods and effect, with an emphasis on cross-border settings and methods that enlarge ETEs’ reach.

Methodology
We systematically searched for studies in the databases Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, ERIC, and Cinahl. After successively screening titles and abstracts, full-texts, and citations, 62 studies were included using in- and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a data-extraction form. Quality assessment was performed. We developed a theoretical framework based on which we analyzed the ETE context (target group, recruitment, autonomy, training needs), input (topic, trainers, development and quality of materials), process (design, duration, interval, goals), evaluation (pre-, post- follow-up tests), and outcome (reaction, learning, behavior, and system).

Results
We found a limited number of published evaluations of ETEs in general (n = 62) and of cross-border settings (n = 5) in particular. The quality assessment resulted in seven ETE methodologies and 23 evaluations with a ‘good’ score. Both general studies and those in a cross-border setting contain a low-moderate detail level on context, input, and process. The evaluations were performed on reaction (n = 45), learning (n = 45), behavior (n = 9) and system (n = 4), mainly using pre- and post-tests (n = 22). Online learning methods have a high potential in enlarging the reach and are effective, particularly in combination with offline training. Training-of-trainer approaches are effective for learning; new ETEs were developed by 20–44% of participants until six months after the initial training.

Conclusion
Our study reveals a limited number of publications on ETEs in infectious disease control. Studies provide few details on methodology, and use mainly short-term evaluations and low level outcomes. We call for more extensive, higher-level evaluation standards of ETEs, and an easy and sustainable way to exchange evaluations within the workforce of infectious disease control in cross-border settings. The theoretical framework developed in this study could guide future development and evaluation of ETEs in infectious disease control.
Effects of proximal fibular osteotomy on stress changes in mild knee osteoarthritis with varus deformity: a finite element analysis
Authors: Pan Deng , TianYe Lin , Peng Yang , JingLi Xu , HongZhu Li , HeRan Zhao , QingWen Zhang , LeiLei Chen , ZhenQiu Chen , QiuShi Wei , Wei He 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Many previous studies lack sufficient quantitative evidences about changes in biomechanical properties of the knee in response to proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO). Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the preoperative and postoperative effects of PFO on mechanical stresses in the knee joint and provide with a biomechanical basis for PFO in the treatment of mild knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with varus deformity.

Methods
A total of 10 patients suffering mild KOA with varus deformity were enrolled in this study. Their image data from computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used for finite element models, and PFO models were established. Static structural analysis was carried out using ABAQUS to compare the von Mises stress distribution and values of the maximal von Mises stress of femoral cartilage, meniscuses, tibial cartilages, and tibial plateau before and after surgery.

Results
The stress distribution in the cortical bone of the tibial plateau showed that stresses were transferred from the anterior medial area to the posterior medial area after PFO. Values of the maximal von Mises stress in femoral cartilage, medial meniscus, medial tibial cartilage, and tibial plateau after surgery were significantly lower than the preoperative values, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Postoperative values of the maximal von Mises stress of lateral meniscus and lateral tibial cartilage were significantly higher than the preoperative ones, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
PFO could reduce the stresses in the medial compartment of the knee joint with stress pathways transferring from the anterior medial area to the posterior medial area of the tibial plateau. Therefore, PFO is recommended for the treatment of mild KOA with varus deformity featuring favorably pain-relieving effects.

Graphical abstract
Prevalence and influencing factors of nonunion in patients with tibial fracture: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Ruifeng , Zheng Fang , Zhao Wei , Zhang Yuhui , Yuan Jinping , Zhang Bowen , Li Liangman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of nonunion in patients with tibia fracture and the association between influencing factors and tibia fracture nonunion.MethodA database searches of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu database, and Wanfang database from inception until June 2019 was conducted. The pooled prevalence, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with Stata software.ResultsIn this study, 111 studies involving 41,429 subjects were included. In the study of the relationship between influencing factors and tibia fracture nonunion, 15 factors significantly influenced the fracture union, including > 60 years old, male, tobacco smoker, body mass index > 40, diabetes, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) user, opioids user, fracture of middle and distal tibia, high-energy fracture, open fracture, Gustilo-Anderson grade IIIB or IIIC, Müller AO Classification of Fractures C, open reduction, fixation model, and infection.ConclusionThe prevalence of nonunion in patients with tibia fracture was 0.068 and 15 potential factors were associated with the prevalence. Closed reduction and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) have the low risks of nonunion for the treatment of tibial fractures.
Reflections on treatment of COVID-19 with traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Luo Hua , Gao Yan , Zou Jian , Zhang Siyuan , Chen Hanbin , Liu Qiao , Tan Dechao , Han Yan , Zhao Yonghua , Wang Shengpeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is spreading rapidly around the globe. By the establishment of an integrative system combining both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine, China has achieved good clinical efficacy in the prevention and control of the pandemic. The advantages of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 include effective relief of symptoms, retarding the development from mild and moderate to severe, improvement of cure rate, reducing death rates, and promotion of rehabilitation. Besides, according to the different severity levels of individual cases, the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China issued treatment guidelines that provide corresponding prescriptions for patients. From the perspective of TCM, this review aims to analyze the role of a variety of TCM prescriptions in the treatment of COVID-19, focusing on the analysis of the “Three TCM prescriptions and three medicines” recommended by the Chinese authorities during the pandemic. We expect that this review will provide insights into the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 with TCM.
Advances in synthetic lethality for cancer therapy: cellular mechanism and clinical translation
Authors: Topatana Win , Juengpanich Sarun , Li Shijie , Cao Jiasheng , Hu Jiahao , Lee Jiyoung , Suliyanto Kenneth , Ma Diana , Zhang Bin , Chen Mingyu , Cai Xiujun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSynthetic lethality is a lethal phenomenon in which the occurrence of a single genetic event is tolerable for cell survival, whereas the co-occurrence of multiple genetic events results in cell death. The main obstacle for synthetic lethality lies in the tumor biology heterogeneity and complexity, the inadequate understanding of synthetic lethal interactions, drug resistance, and the challenges regarding screening and clinical translation. Recently, DNA damage response inhibitors are being tested in various trials with promising results. This review will describe the current challenges, development, and opportunities for synthetic lethality in cancer therapy. The characterization of potential synthetic lethal interactions and novel technologies to develop a more effective targeted drug for cancer patients will be explored. Furthermore, this review will discuss the clinical development and drug resistance mechanisms of synthetic lethality in cancer therapy. The ultimate goal of this review is to guide clinicians at selecting patients that will receive the maximum benefits of DNA damage response inhibitors for cancer therapy.
Implementation of strength-based case management for opioid-dependent patients presenting in medical emergency departments: rationale and study design of a randomized trial
Authors: Regis Amber , Meyers-Ohki Sarah E. , Mennenga Sarah E. , Greco Peter P. , Glisker Richard , Kolaric Rhonda , McCormack Ryan P. , Rapp Richard C. , Bogenschutz Michael P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs the USA grapples with an opioid epidemic, medical emergency departments (EDs) have become a critical setting for intervening with opioid-dependent patients. Brief interventions designed to bridge the gap from acute ED care to longer-term treatment have shown limited efficacy for this population. Strength-based case management (SBCM) has shown strong effects on treatment linkage among patients with substance use disorders in other healthcare settings. This study aimed to investigate whether SBCM is an effective model for linking opioid-dependent ED patients with addiction treatment and pharmacotherapy. Here, we describe the implementation and challenges of adapting SBCM for the ED (SBCM-ED). Study rationale, design, and baseline characteristics are also described.MethodsThis study compared the effects of SBCM-ED to screening, assessment, and referral alone (SAR) on treatment linkage, substance use, and functioning. We recruited participants from a public hospital in NYC. Working alliance between case managers and participants and the feasibility of SBCM implementation were evaluated. Baseline data from the randomized sample were analyzed for group equivalency. Outcomes analyses are forthcoming.ResultsThree hundred adult participants meeting DSM-IV criteria for opioid dependence were randomly assigned to either SBCM, in which they received a maximum of six case management sessions within 90 days of enrollment, or SAR, in which they received a comprehensive referral list and pamphlet outlining drug use consequences. No significant differences were found between groups at baseline on demographic or substance use characteristics. All SAR participants and 92.6% of SBCM-ED participants initiated their assigned intervention. Over half of SBCM-ED first sessions occurred in the ED on the day of enrollment. Case managers developed a strong working alliance with SBCM-ED participants after just one session.ConclusionInterventions that exceed SBIRT were accepted by an opioid-dependent patient population seen in an urban medical ED. At the time of study funding, this trial was one of the first to focus specifically on this population in this challenging setting. The successful implementation of SBCM demonstrates its adaptability to the ED and may serve as a potential model for EDs seeking to adopt an intervention that overcomes the barrier between the ED encounter and more intensive treatment.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT02586896. Registered on 27 October 2015.
Genome sequences of two clinical Escherichia coli isolates harboring the novel colistin-resistance gene variants mcr-1.26 and mcr-1.27
Authors: Neumann Bernd , Rackwitz Wiebke , Hunfeld Klaus-Peter , Fuchs Stephan , Werner Guido , Pfeifer Yvonne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Colistin is still a widely used antibiotic in veterinary medicine although it is a last-line treatment option for hospitalized patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Colistin resistance has gained additional importance since the recent emergence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. In the scope of a study on colistin resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolates from human patients in Germany we characterized the mcr-1 gene variants.

Results
Our PCR-based screening for mcr-carrying E. coli from German patients revealed the presence of mcr-1-like genes in 60 isolates. Subsequent whole-genome sequence-based analyses detected one non-synonymous mutation in the mcr-1 gene for two isolates. The mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing and resulted in amino acid changes Met1Thr (isolate 803-18) and Tyr9Cys (isolate 844-18). Genotyping revealed no relationship between the isolates. The two clinical isolates were assigned to sequence types ST155 (isolate 803-18) and ST69 (isolate 844-18). Both mcr-1 variants were found to be located on IncX4 plasmids of 33 kb size; these plasmids were successfully conjugated into sodium azide resistant E. coli J53 Azir in a broth mating experiment.

Conclusions
Here we present the draft sequences of E. coli isolate 803-18 carrying the novel variant mcr-1.26 and isolate 844-14 carrying the novel variant mcr-1.27. The results highlight the increasing issue of transferable colistin resistance.