bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time synthesis and detection of plasmonic metal (Au, Ag) nanoparticles under monochromatic X-ray nano-tomography
Authors: Bharti Amardeep , Chae Keun Hwa , Goyal Navdeep 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlasmonic nanostructures are of immense interest of research due to its widespread applications in microelectronics, photonics, and biotechnology, because of its size and shape-dependent localized surface plasmon resonance response. The great efforts have been constructed by physicists, chemists, and material scientists to deliver optimized reaction protocol to tailor the size and shape of nanostructures. Real-time characterization emerges out as a versatile tool in perspective to the optimization of synthesis parameters. Moreover, in the past decades, radiation-induced reduction of metallic-salt to nanoparticles dominates over the conventional direct chemical reduction process which overcomes the production of secondary products and yields ultra-high quality and pure nanostructures. Here we show, the real-time/in-situ synthesis and detection of plasmonic (Au andAg) nanoparticles using single synchrotron monochromatic 6.7 keV X-rays based Nano-Tomography beamline. The real-time X-ray nano-tomography of plasmonic nanostructures has been first-time successfully achieved at such a low-energy that would be leading to the possibility of these experiments at laboratory-based sources. In-situ optical imaging confirms the radiolysis of water molecule resulting in the production of$$e_{aq}^-,\,OH^\bullet ,$$eaq-,OH∙,and$$O_2^-$$O2-under X-ray irradiation. The obtained particle-size and size-distribution by X-ray tomography are in good agreement to TEM results. The effect of different chemical environment media on the particle-size has also been studied. This work provides the protocol to precisely control the size of nanostructures and to synthesize the ultrahigh-purity grade monodisperse nanoparticles that would definitely enhance the phase-contrast in cancer bio-imaging and plasmonic photovoltaic application.
Delay time of waves performing Lévy walks in 1D random media
Authors: Razo-López L. A. , Fernández-Marín A. A. , Méndez-Bermúdez J. A. , Sánchez-Dehesa J. , Gopar V. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe time that waves spend inside 1D random media with the possibility of performing Lévy walks is experimentally and theoretically studied. The dynamics of quantum and classical wave diffusion has been investigated in canonical disordered systems via the delay time. We show that a wide class of disorder—Lévy disorder—leads to strong random fluctuations of the delay time; nevertheless, some statistical properties such as the tail of the distribution and the average of the delay time are insensitive to Lévy walks. Our results reveal a universal character of wave propagation that goes beyond standard Brownian wave-diffusion.
The effects of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using fig and olive extracts on cutaneousleishmaniasis-induced inflammation in female balb/c mice
Authors: Almayouf Mina A. , El-khadragy Manal , Awad Manal A. , Alolayan Ebtesam M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a group of infectious and noncontagious severe parasitic diseases, caused by protozoans of the Leishmania genus. Natural products characterize a rich source of prospective chemical entities for the development of new effective drugs for neglected diseases. Scientific evaluation of medicinal plants has made it possible to use some metabolites from flavonoids and polyphenols compounds for the treatment of parasitic diseases. Therefore, we aimed in the present study to evaluate the protective effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) biosynthesized using Fig and Olive extracts (NFO) against Cutaneous leishmaniasis in female Balb/c mice. A total of 70 mice were used and divided into seven groups. Treatment was initiated when local lesions were apparent, we found that Fig and Olive extracts were found to be a good source for the synthesis of (Ag-NPs), their formation was confirmed by color change and stability in solution. Nanoparticles biosynthesized using Fig and Olive extracts induced a reduction in the average size of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions compared with the untreated mice. Moreover, nanoparticles treatment decreased oxidative stress (LPO, NO), down-regulation gene expression levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and BAX), and this antileishmanial activity of nanoparticles was associated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, histopathological evaluation proved the antileishmanial activity of nanoparticles compared with the positive control.Therefore, we aimed in the present study to evaluate the protective effect of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using Fig and Olive extracts against cutaneous lesions induced by Leishmania major infection through their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, and faster clinical efficacy than standard pentavalent antimonial treatment.
Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bereich Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Kern Winfried V. , Horn Stephan , Fink Geertje 
Published: November 2020

Was ist neu?
Antibiotikaverbrauch in Deutschland In Deutschland wurden in den letzten Jahren sowohl im Krankenhausbereich als auch im ambulanten Setting immer weniger Fluorchinolone verordnet. Auch der Verbrauch der Cephalosporine ging etwas zurück.
Renaissance von Aminoglykosiden? Die inzwischen relativ seltenen Substanzen können aufgrund einer recht guten Resistenzlage bei Harnwegsinfektionen als geeignete Alternative – allerdings nur parenteral – eingesetzt werden. Bei akuten schweren Infektionen ist eine einmalige Gabe, z. B. von Tobramycin, initial zusätzlich zu einem geeigneten Betalactam ebenfalls eine Option, aber keine klare Empfehlung.
Antibiotikaeinsatz in der Hämatologie/Onkologie Bei Fieber und Neutropenie gilt nach wie vor die initiale empirische Gabe von Piperacillin-Tazobactam oder einem pseudomonasaktiven Carbapenem als Standard. Diese Betalactame sollten mit verlängerter Infusionsdauer, z. B. über 4 h, verabreicht werden. Linezolid ist ein Reservemedikament und sollte auch bei hämatoonkologischen Patienten nicht empirisch, sondern nur in der gezielten Therapie verwendet werden.
Penicillinallergie Die anamnestische Angabe einer Penicillinallergie sollte durch genaues Hinterfragen differenziert werden. Patienten können so bezüglich ihres Risikos für allergische Reaktionen gruppiert werden – oft besteht kein oder ein sehr geringes Risiko bei einer (erneuten) Behandlung mit Penicillinderivaten. Niedrigrisikopatienten dürfen ohne weitergehende allergologische Untersuchungen reexponiert werden.
[99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S: Anwendung zur Radioguided Surgery beim rezidivierten Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Maurer Tobias , Knipper Sophie , Heck Matthias M. , Horn Thomas , Berliner Christoph , Köhler Daniel , Krönke Markus , Rauscher Isabel , Eiber Matthias 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDurch die verbesserte Detektionsrate hat sich die PSMA PET in den letzten Jahren zunehmend als bildgebende Standarduntersuchung beim biochemischen Rezidiv eines Prostatakarzinoms etabliert. Im Falle einer limitierten regionären lymphogenen Metastasierung in der PSMA PET rückt gegenwärtig eine chirurgische Resektion im Rahmen einer Salvage-Lymphadenektomie vermehrt in den Fokus. Um hierbei die intraoperative Detektion und somit eine sichere Resektion zu erleichtern, können neue PSMA-gerichtete Radioliganden (z. B. [99 mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S, imaging&surgery) im Rahmen einer PSMA-radioguided surgery zum Einsatz kommen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag sollen der Ablauf, Ergebnisse sowie zukünftige Entwicklungen der Salvage-Lymphadenektomie mittels PSMA-radioguided surgery vorgestellt werden.
99mTc-PSMA-SPECT/CT zur Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms
Authors: Schmidkonz Christian , Kuwert Torsten , Cordes Michael 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungNeben den klinisch bereits etablierten PET-kompatiblen PSMA-Radioliganden stehen seit kurzer Zeit mit 99 mTc gekoppelte SPECT-kompatible PSMA-Radioliganden zur Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms zur Verfügung. Aufgrund der hohen Nachfrage nach PSMA-basierter Hybridbildgebung könnten diese für bestimmte Indikationen eine diagnostische Alternative darstellen, insbesondere sofern keine PET/CT verfügbar ist. Der folgende Artikel soll eine Übersicht über die vorliegende Evidenz und möglichen Einsatzmöglichkeiten der 99 mTc-PSMA-SPECT/CT zur Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms geben.
A wireless, skin-interfaced biosensor for cerebral hemodynamic monitoring in pediatric care
Authors: Rwei Alina Y. , Lu Wei , Wu Changsheng , Human Kelia , Suen Emily , Franklin Daniel , Fabiani Monica , Gratton Gabriele , Xie Zhaoqian , Deng Yujun , Kwak Sung Soo , Li Lizhu , Gu Carol , Liu Alanna , Rand Casey M. , Stewart Tracey M. , Huang Yonggang , Weese-Mayer Debra E. , Rogers John A. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Continuous monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics is critical for safeguarding the healthy neurodevelopment of pediatric patients. This paper introduces a soft, flexible, miniaturized wireless system for real-time, continuous monitoring of systemic and cerebral hemodynamics for such purposes. Clinical studies on pediatric subjects with ages between 0.2 and 15 y and with various racial backgrounds validate opportunities for practical use in operating hospital environments. This platform may significantly enhance the quality of care of pediatric patients, particularly those at risk for cerebral and neurodevelopmental impairments in developed and developing world settings alike.
Marking definiteness in an articleless language
Authors: Kang Arum 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to identify the novel type of Korean definiteness marker. Especially I show that Korean KU which originated from the morphological demonstrative ‘that’, instantiates a solid pattern of distribution of definiteness marker. Mainly focusing on the semantico-pragmatic role of KU, the proposal comprises three main parts: (i) Given that Korean employs distinct devices teased apart into uniqueness (i.e. referential use) and familiarity (i.e. anaphoric use) in its definiteness system, I show that the effect of referential use in argument saturating function is achieved by the covert “determiner” in bare nouns, whereas anaphoric use in argument non-saturating function is achieved by the overt KU; (ii) The semantic contribution of KU is analyzed as a domain restrictor (DDR;Etxeberria & Giannakidou 2010) which supplies an indexical property as an argument (Schwarz 2009,2013;Jenks 2018); (iii) I further show that the DDRoperator is present in the syntax, falling out from the standard D position as an adjunctive modifier in a lower DP layer. The contribution of my work is that the proposed account allows us to widen our view of cross-linguistic variation to cases where the prerequisite of definiteness is based on the dissociation of meaning (i.e. the semantic role of D as encoding familiarity) and form (i.e. the syntactic role of D as an argument-building function).
Come is the new go
Authors: Lai Yunfan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I describe the morphology as well as the uses of the basic motion verbs, ‘to come’ and ‘to go’, in
Khroskyabs based on two of its varieties, Siyuewu and Wobzi, before analyzing the evolutionary pathways of their stem alternation patterns.
The meanings of the basic motion verbs in Khroskyabs originally were not ‘to come’ or ‘to go’; instead, these verbs denoted Goal-oriented
motion and Source-oriented motion. The choice of the deictic center is the key to the semantic change toward ‘to come’ and ‘to go’ in the
modern language.
Exploring source/goal asymmetries in spontaneous and caused motion expression in Yuhup
Authors: Ospina-Bozzi Ana María , Cita-Triana Caterine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore the asymmetry in the expression of Goal and Source in spontaneous and caused motion
events in Yuhup (Makú/Naduhup family). We examine the asymmetries at the semantic, morphological and syntactic levels. As this language does
not have a specialized system of nominal morphology that distinguishes the ground constituents representing the Source or the Goal of a
movement, an asymmetrical treatment of Source and Goal is not evident. However, verbal semantics make more distinctions for Goal than for
Source, ground constituents are more frequent in the expression of motion to(wards) the Goal than the one (away) from the Source, and
structural variety and complexity differentiate between Source and Goal expression. Also, the Goal bias is stronger in the descriptions of
caused motion than in the ones of spontaneous motion. The data were collected using tools designed for elicitation of spontaneous and caused
motion events.
Source/Goal (a)symmetry
Authors: Fagard Benjamin , Kopecka Anetta 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper compares the expression of Source and Goal in German and Polish, on the basis of descriptions elicited with a
series of video clips. As satellite-framed languages (Talmy 1985, 2000), both German and Polish mainly rely on grammatical morphemes to encode Path of motion with respect to Source
and Goal. Nevertheless, despite this shared typological feature, these languages also display fine morphosyntactic and semantic differences.
Our study reveals that the expression of Source and Goal is more asymmetrical in German than in Polish, both in types of
linguistic resources and in semantic distinctions. We show that German speakers tend to combine Path satellites with Path verbs – including
both deictic satellites and deictic verbs – more frequently in Source-oriented events, depicting them with finer semantic distinctions than
Goal-oriented events. In the expression of the Ground, however, they tend to make finer distinctions in the expression of Goals as compared
to Sources, by using a greater variety of prepositions. Polish speakers, by contrast, tend to express Source and Goal in a more symmetrical
fashion. These cross-linguistic differences are discussed in the light of language-specific characteristics and their role in the
expression – symmetrical or asymmetrical – of Source and Goal.
Source-Goal asymmetries in Ese Ejja
Authors: Vuillermet Marine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ese Ejja (Takanan) is an endangered language spoken in the Bolivian and Peruvian lowlands. The paper examines the expression of Source and Goal in this Amazonian language and focuses on three types of Source-Goal asymmetries. The first asymmetry concerns the higher number of Goal adnominals than of Source adnominals. Linked to this morphological asymmetry, the second asymmetry is semantic: Goal adnominals display a [± human] distinction absent from Source markers. In addition, the two Goal adnominals are dedicated while the only adnominal that encodes Source may also encode Median. In fact, the unambiguous (and most frequent expression) of Source requires a biclausal strategy, which accounts for the third type of asymmetry, at the syntactic level. The discussion is based on firsthand data including both spontaneous and elicited data, mostly obtained with Trajectoire, a visual methodological tool designed to collect Path expression.
Expression of spontaneous motion events in Stieng
Authors: Bon Noëllie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the expression of Source and Goal in spontaneous motion events in Stieng (Cambodia, Vietnam). The analysis is based on data collected in Cambodia, using theTrajectoirevideo kit (Ishibashi et al. 2006). Regardless the type of Ground, Stieng data includes a wide range of constructions in describing motion events, combining lexical and grammatical tools (verbs and adnominals). While morphosyntactic resources available to express Source and Goal are formally similar, Stieng data shows that the Goal tends to be privileged compared to the Source, at the semantic, morphosyntactic, and syntactic levels. However, Source and Goal tend to be symmetrical with respect to the semantic distinctions of the verbs, and potential (a)symmetries with respect to the discourse level remain to be clarified. Instances of asymmetries in favor of the Goal tend to support previous studies that postulated a tendency for languages to privilege the Goal in the linguistic expression.
Enhancing quantum entanglement of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state via multiphoton catalysis
Authors: Yang Yang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multiphoton catalysis is a non-Gaussian operation which has aroused interest recently in quantum information processing. There are two schemes of multiphoton catalysis in the current literature: one uses a beam splitter, while the other uses an optical parametric amplifier. We derive the catalysis operator in the Fock basis for each scheme and find a close relationship between them. We propose to enhance quantum entanglement of the two-mode squeezed vacuum state by performing two-mode multiphoton catalysis independently using two beam splitters. We calculate the optimal entanglement, which is maximized over two independent transmissivities, for the catalyzed states with various pairs of catalysis photon numbers, and find that in each case entanglement is enhanced only when the squeezing parameter is below a certain threshold. We also find that the optimal entanglement is nonzero in the limit of low squeezing, and deduce the analytical forms of the limiting catalyzed state and its entanglement in each case from numerical coefficients.
A review of research hotspots and trends in biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions combining bibliometrics with evolution tree methods
Authors: Duan Chensong , Zuo Shudi , Wu Zhifeng , Qiu Yue , Wang Jinfeng , Lei Yanhui , Liao Hu , Ren Yin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As ozone pollution in the troposphere has become increasingly severe, more publications have focused on the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which are important precursors for ozone formation. However, most reviews describe the research status of certain specific aspects rather than holistically quantifying research hotspots and development trends, which limit the overall understand of BVOCs emissions. In this paper, bibliometric analysis was used to study the publication output and hotspots of BVOCs emissions research from 1991 to 2019. Then, the evolutionary trends in BVOCs emission sources research were explored further by combining evolution tree and Markov chain methods. We found that the USA consistently took the leading position in BVOCs research, which cooperated with Germany and China closely. Environmental Science & Ecology and Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences were the most active research subject categories. Current literatures mainly focused on the plant stress response, the atmospheric chemistry of BVOCs emissions, and their measurement by field determination and model-based estimation. Most publications researched BVOCs emitted by plants, in particular Pinaceae, while the growth of publications researching microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) was slow. In the future, we should consider the role of mVOCs and combine field observation with model estimation to improve the credibility of BVOCs estimates and provide scientific guidance for air pollution control. And, with climate change, it will be worth exploring the driving variables of BVOCs emissions and its interaction in earth system to unravel how BVOCs emissions will respond to the changing earth system.
Active gating: rocking diffusion channels
Authors: Banerjee Tirthankar , Maes Christian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
When the contacts of an open system flip between different reservoirs, the resulting nonequilibrium shows increased dynamical activity. We investigate such active gating for one-dimensional symmetric (SEP) and asymmetric (ASEP) exclusion models where the left/right boundary rates for entrance and exit of particles are exchanged at random times. Such rocking makes simple exclusion processes spatially symmetric and on average there is no boundary driving; yet the entropy production increases in the rocking rate. For asymmetric simple exclusion processes a non-monotone density profile can be obtained with particles clustering at the edges. In the totally asymmetric case, there is a bulk transition to a maximal current phase as the rocking exceeds a finite threshold, depending on the boundary rates. We study the resulting density profiles and current as functions of the rocking rate.
The Blagonravov continuously variable transmission: computational model of oscillation generator loading
Authors: Tereshin A V , Yurkevich A V , Soldatkin V A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe kinematic diagram of the oscillation generator of the Blagonravov continuously variable transmission is considered in the work. It is shown that the proposed oscillation generator provides the same kinematics of each power flow. A mathematical model is presented in the form of a dependence of the vector load value acting on the crank of the generator on the internal gear ratio of the transmission and the design parameters of the power flows.
Suspended graphene arrays for gas sensing applications
Authors: Gupta Rakesh K , Alqahtani Faisal H , Dawood Omar M , Carini Marco , Criado Alejandro , Prato Maurizio , Garlapati Suresh K , Jones Gareth , Sexton James , Persaud Krishna C , Dang Caroline , Monteverde Umberto , Missous Mohamed , Young Robert J , Boult Stephen , Dixon Neil , Majewski Leszek , Migliorato Max A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Suspended graphene (SUS-G) has long been hailed as a potential ‘true graphene’ as its conductive properties are much closer to those of theoretical graphene. However, substantial issues with yield during any device fabrication process have severely limited its use to date. We report the successful fabrication of a fully operational prototype of a miniature 9 mm2 suspended graphene array sensor chip, incorporating 64 graphene sensor devices, each comprising of 180 SUS-G membranes with ever reported 56% fully intact graphene membranes for sensitive and selective gas sensing applications. While a bare sensor chip can operate as a sensitive gas sensor for a variety of gasses such as ammonia, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide, down to ppm/ppb concentrations, a tetrafluorohydroquinone functionalized sensor acquires specificity to formaldehyde gas molecules with limited cross-sensitivity for ethanol, toluene and humidity. Unlike an equivalent device with fully supported functionalized graphene sensor, a functionalized SUS-G sensor can be furthermore reset to its baseline by using UV assisted desorption instead of substrate heating. The low power UV irradiation does not show severe damage to the SUS-G structures and loss of functional probes for the formaldehyde gas—a previously unreported feature. A resettable and selective formaldehyde gas sensor array with mass manufacturability, low power consumption and overall dimensions down to 1 mm2, would represent a significant technological step forward in the development of an electronic nose, for the simultaneous detection of multiple-target gases, with potential for integration in portable electronic devices and the internet of things.