bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Finite Element Analysis of Osseointegration System in Trans-Radial Amputation: A Proposal of New Design
Authors: Lee Seung Gun , Jeoung Heaseong , Kim Dong-Hong , Lee Chang-Hun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Conventional osseointegration systems have been applied in patients requiring trans-humeral and trans-femoral amputations. However, the application of these systems to trans-radial amputations is limited by the small diameter of the radius and ulna. Our study aimed to compare the biomechanical stability of a novel osseointegration system with that of a conventional system used in trans-radial amputations using a finite element(FE) models.Methods: We established three-dimensional FE models of trans-radial amputations, which were osseointegrated with both the novel and conventional systems. External loads were applied to the FE models with compressive force and tensile force along the long axis, horizontal shear force, and vertical shear force. The maximum equivalent stress(MES) and the distribution of stress through the radius and ulna was evaluated.Results : The MES of the radius and ulna was higher in the conventional system when compressive, tensile, and vertical shear forces were applied. However, when the horizontal shear force was applied, the opposite result was found. The distribution of stress was more effective in the novel system.Conclusion : Three-dimensional FE modeling showed that the novel system enables to have a lower stress level and a more even distribution of stress for osseointegration in trans-radial amputations.
A Pictorial Account of Heart Development: Spatial and Temporal Aspects of The Human Embryonic Heart Between 3.5 and 8 Weeks of Development
Authors: Hikspoors Jill , Kruepunga Nuthmethee , Mommen Greet , Koehler Eleonore , Anderson Robert , Lamers Wouter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Heart development is topographically complex and requires visualization to understand its progression. No comprehensive 3-dimensional primer of human cardiac development is currently available. We prepared detailed reconstructions of 12 hearts between 3.5 and 8 weeks post fertilization, using Amira® 3D-reconstruction and Cinema4D®-remodeling software. The models were visualized as calibrated interactive 3D-PDFs. We describe the developmental appearance and subsequent remodeling of 70 different structures incrementally, using sequential segmental analysis. Pictorial timelines of structures highlight age-dependent events, while graphs visualize growth and spiraling of the wall of the heart tube. The basic cardiac layout is established between 3.5 and 4.5 weeks. Septation at the venous pole is completed at 6 weeks. Between 5.5 and 6.5 weeks, as the outflow tract becomes incorporated in the ventricles, the spiraling course of its subaortic and subpulmonary channels is transferred to the intrapericardial arterial trunks. The remodeling of the interventricular foramen is complete at 7 weeks.
Phase Shift MRI&nbsp;in Assessement of Vertebral Compression Fracture: Trial for a New Scoring System
Authors: Matrawy Khaled , Fattah Nadia Abdel , ElNekidy Abdel Aziz , Gawad Mohamed Abdel , Elnaggar Alaa , Shehata Gihan , Reda Ihab , Shalabi Adel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
PurposeTo assess the value of in /opposed-phase quantitative chemical shift MRI in differentiating malignant from benign vertebral compression fractures (VCF).Patients and methodsTwenty patients (8 men), mean age 56 years, with low back and radiological proof of VCF were included in the study. MRI of spine with standard conventional sequences and special chemical shift sequence (in/opposed phase) as well as diffusion weighted imaging were performed (at 1.5 Tesla). Quantitative image analysis of regions of interest (ROI) on the abnormal marrow in the compressed (study group) and related normal vertebra in same patient (control group) was done in each patient. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) of the marrow was determined by dividing the mean signal intensity on the opposed-phase and in-phase images was performed.ResultsMean SIR of benign VCF [0.6 ± 0.27 (range 0.23–1.1)] was significantly lower than malignant VCF values [1.115 ± 0.14 (range 0.87–1.45)] (p < 0.0001, ROC 0.97). The optimal SIR cutoff value for separating benign and malignant VCF was found to be 0.9 with a calculated sensitivity of 91.5%, specificity of 87.5% and accuracy of 90%. We also found a cut-off value of 0.9, to be a statistically significant in differentiating benign from malignant causes of VCF. If SIR of 0.91 as a cutoff is applied, with >0.91 indicating malignant result and <0.91 defined as a benign result.ConclusionQuantitative chemical shift MR imaging could be a valuable addition to standard MR imaging techniques in differentiating benign from malignant vertebral compression fracture. We designed a new scoring system based on conventional MRI, in/opposed phase chemical shift and diffusion weighted imaging. The new scoring system may be a useful tool and add value in the diagnosis of compression vertebral fractures.
Rbm24 Displays Dynamic Functions Required for Myogenic Differentiation During Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Grifone Raphaëlle , Saquet Audrey , Desgres Manon , Sangiorgi Claudia , Gargano Caterina , Li Zhenlin , Coletti Dario , Shi De-Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a remarkable capacity of regeneration after injury, but the cellular behavior and the regulatory network coordinating different steps of this repair process remain elusive. RNA-binding proteins play key roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and are implicated in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and plasticity. Rbm24 is required for myogenic differentiation during early development, but its function in adult muscle is open for investigation. Here we show that it exerts dynamic functions during muscle regeneration in mice. Consistent with its dynamic subcellular localization during embryonic muscle development, Rbm24 also displays cytoplasm to nucleus translocation during the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. In adult mice, Rbm24 mRNA is highly expressed in slow-twitch muscles, and Rbm24 protein is restricted to the myonucleus of myofibers. Upon injury, Rbm24 protein is upregulated in regenerating myofibers and rapidly accumulates in the myonucleus of nascent myofibers. By using satellite cell transplantation, we find that Rbm24 functions sequentially to regulate the differentiation of myofibers and the regeneration of damaged tissues. It is required for myogenin mRNA expression at early stages of muscle injury and for muscle-specific pre-mRNA alternative splicing at late stages of regeneration. These results identify Rbm24 as a multifaceted regulator of myoblast differentiation and function. They also provide insights into the molecular pathway orchestrating the expression of myogenic factors and muscle functional proteins during regeneration.
COVID-19 Associated Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Among U.S. Women Veterans
Authors: Tsai Shirling , Nguyen Hang , Ebrahimi Ramin , Barbosa Monica , Ramanan Bala , Heitjan Daniel , Hastings Jeffrey , Modrall John , Jeon-Slaughter Haekyung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe burden of COVID-19 has been noted to be disproportionately greater in minority women, a population that is nevertheless still understudied in COVID-19 research. MethodsWe conducted a case-control cohort study to examine COVID-19-associated mortality and cardiovascular disease outcomes after testing (henceforth index) among a racially diverse adult women veteran population. We drew data from a Veterans Affairs (VA) national COVID-19 shared data repository, collected between February and August 2020. Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazards model were employed to examine the distribution of time to death and the effects of baseline predictors on mortality risk. Generalized linear models were used to examine 60-day cardiovascular disease outcomes. Covariates studied included age, body mass index (BMI), and active smoking status at index, and pre-existing conditions of diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a history of treatment with antiplatelet or anti-thrombotic drug at any time in the 2 years prior to the index date.ResultsWomen veterans who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had 4 times higher mortality risk than women veterans who tested negative (Hazard Ratio 3.8, 95% Confidence Interval CI 2.92 to 4.89) but had lower risk of cardiovascular events (Odds Ratio OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.92) and developing new heart disease conditions within 60 days (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.77). Older age, obesity (BMI > 30), and prior CVD and COPD conditions were positively associated with increased mortality in 60 days. Despite a higher infection rate among minority women veterans, there was no significant race difference in mortality, cardiovascular events, or onset of heart disease. Conclusions and RelevanceSARS-CoV-2 infection increased short-term mortality risk among women veterans similarly across race groups. However, there was no evidence of increased cardiovascular disease incidence in 60 days. A longer follow-up of women veterans who tested positive is warranted.
Study on Influencing Factors to HIV Health Services Among MSM: Based on Andersen Behavioral Model
Authors: Lin Bing , Zhong Xiaoni , Ma Yingjie , Pan Hong , Dai Jianghong , Liang Hao , Huang Ailong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: We assessed the utilization of HIV health services and its influencing factors on consistent condom use, HIV testing and HIV counseling among men who have sex with men (MSM), so as to provide a theoretical basis for future infectious disease prevention and control strategies and health services policy formulation. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. From April 2013 to October 2014, a sample survey was conducted in southwest China including Chongqing, Sichuan, Xinjiang and Guangxi, and an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among MSM who met the requirements and were recruited. Based on Anderson Behavioral Model, the questionnaire divided the influencing factors into predisposing factor, enabling factor and need factor. There were 1727 valid questionnaires. SAS 9.4 was used for univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis to explore the factors influencing the utilization of health services. AMOS Graphics 24.0 was used to construct the path diagram through path analysis to explore the effect among various factors. Results: In the survey of HIV health services, 9.96% of respondents consistently used condoms, 78.00% had HIV testing, and 60.63% had HIV counseling. Among the predisposing factor, the older respondents are, the easier it is to be tested for HIV(β=0.078, p＜0.001). Among the enabling factor, urban registration is a factor that promotes HIV testing and counseling(β=0.064,p=0.003 and β=0.072, p=0.002). Among the need factor, HIV knowledge score is also a key point affecting testing and counseling(β=0.157, p＜0.001 and β=0.184, p＜0.001). The diagnosis of STD can promote respondents counseling(β=0.051, p=0.031). Depression is a contributing factor to consistent condom use(β=0.051,p=0.033), but negative to HIV counseling(β=-0.119, p＜0.001). Conclusions: For these groups, MSM with high-risk characteristics should be identified as a priority in the future public health services. HIV knowledge should be promoted in health education, physical and mental health diagnosis and treatment should also be strengthened.
Survey Analysis to Determine the Impact of Evidence Informed Practice Education upon Faculty Clinical Instruction and East Asian Medicine Student’s Skills, Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors
Authors: Anderson Belinda , Dudla Sai , Marantz Paul , Kligler Benjamin , Leininger Brent , Evans Roni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBetween 2013-2018 Pacific College of Health and Science (formerly Pacific College of Oriental Medicine) trained faculty and developed curriculum in evidence informed practice (EIP), with support from a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). A three-credit (45 hour) Foundations of EIP course, and online EIP learning modules (developed as part of a previous NIH R25 award), were used for faculty and student training. In addition, EIP was incorporated into 73% of the East Asian medicine degree program. Clinical integration of EIP in the College clinic was enhanced by improving access to reference sources, including additional EIP-related questions to the patient intake forms, requiring the use of a patient-centered outcome instrument, and assessing student’s clinical EIP competencies. MethodsMaster’s degree student’s EIP skills, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors were assessed before and after taking the Foundations of EIP course using a 17-question paper-based survey with an additional open-ended comments section. The survey was administered in 29 courses across all three Pacific College campuses. Clinical faculty EIP instruction was evaluated on the New York City campus using a paper-based survey before and after changes were made to enhance the clinical integration of EIP. ResultsA total of 1181 completed EIP-course surveys consisting of 657 pre-EIP course surveys and 524 post-EIP course surveys were analyzed. There was a statistically significant improvement in student’s EIP skills, knowledge and behaviors after completing the EIP course. Students’ perception of the importance of EIP was high before and after the EIP course. Little change in Faculty’s EIP-related clinical instruction was evident following the EIP-related changes that were made to the Clinic. Conclusion Students’ self-assessed EIP skills, knowledge and behaviors improved after EIP training. Different approaches may be required to improve implementation of EIP in clinical settings.
Structural Inequities in Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Rates
Authors: Brewer Lara , Ommerborn Mark , Nguyen Augustina , Clark Cheryl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundInfluenza immunization is a highly effective method of reducing illness, hospitalization and mortality from this disease. However, influenza vaccination rates in the U.S. remain below public health targets. MethodsWe analyzed correlates of influenza vaccination rates using the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the year 2020. Our analysis compared influenza vaccination as the outcome of interest with the variables age, sex, race, education, income, geographic location, health insurance status, access to primary care, and history of delaying care due to cost.ResultsOur results showed that several persistent structural inequities predict influenza vaccination, within and across racial and ethnic groups, including geographic location, health insurance status, regular access to primary care, and the need to delay medical care due to cost.ConclusionWith the impending rollout of a COVID-19 vaccine, it is important for physicians and policymakers to recognize and eliminate structural racism and inequities in U.S. influenza vaccination rates so that future vaccination campaigns are not impeded by these barriers to immunization.
IGF-2 Modified by the m6A&nbsp;Demethylation Enzyme ALKBH5&nbsp;in the Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum
Authors: Kuang Ming-jie , Wang Hai-Feng , Qiu Jie , Wang An-bang , Wang Feng , Tan Bing-yi , Han Shi-jie , Li Xiao-ming , Wang Da-Chuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a pathological heterotopic ossification of the paravertebral ligament. However, the specific pathophysiology mechanism of this disease is still unknown. The m6A methylation and its potential functions in OLF remain to be unexplored. Method: In this study, we performed a transcriptome-wide methylation analysis using the OLF and normal ligaments to explore the mechanism of OLF. Common and region-specific methylation have different preferences for methylation site selection and thereby different impacts on their biological functions. We screened out the methylase-ALKBH5, and by promoting or inhibiting its expression, observing the content of m6A, and measuring the ossification of ligaments, and then measuring IGF expression situation by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, etc. Result: MeRIP-seq and qPCR showed that the m6A methylation level of OLF group was usually higher than that of control group. In addition, we found that ALKBH5 is an important demethyltransferase in OLF, which promotes the expression of m6A. ALKBH5 promotes the expression of IGF-2, which in turn promotes osteogenesis in OLF.Conclusion: Overall, we provided a region-specific map of m6A methylation and characterized the distinct features of specific and common methylation in OLF, and we proved that IGF-2 can be regulated by ALKBH5 to promote the process of OLF.
Serial Serum Creatinine and Urinary Acute Kidney Injury Biomarker Measurements in Dogs Envenomated by the European Adder (Vipera Berus).
Authors: Harjen Hannah , Nicolaysen Tove , Negard Tale , Lund Hege , Sævik Bente , Anfinsen Kristin , Moldal Elena , Zimmer Karin , Rørtveit Runa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in dogs, but diagnosis may be impaired due the insensitivity of routine renal function biomarkers to detect earlier or milder forms of injury. Snake envenomation is one of several causes of AKI in dogs and humans. Dogs are commonly envenomated by the European adder (Vipera berus) between April and October each year, but few studies exist examining serial serum creatinine (sCr) measurements and AKI biomarkers in these dogs. Novel urinary biomarkers could improve clinical outcome by allowing earlier diagnosis of and intervention in AKI. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of AKI in dogs envenomated by V. berus at 12, 24 and 36 hours after bite, as well as 14 days later, using sCr and a panel of urinary AKI biomarkers normalised to urine creatinine (uCr), compared to a group of healthy control dogs.Results Thirty-five envenomated dogs and 37 control dogs were included. Serum creatinine did not exceed the upper reference limit at any time point in any dog after envenomation. Compared to controls, urinary albumin /uCr, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/uCr and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 /uCr were significantly elevated 12 hours (p < 0.001, p< 0.001, p = 0.01), 24 hours (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.003) and 36 hours ( p < 0.001, p< 0.001, p = 0.001) after bite. Osteopontin /uCr was higher 24 and 36 hours after bite (p < 0.001), kidney injury molecule-1 /uCr, interleukin-8 /uCr and γ- glutamyl transferase /uCr were significantly higher 36 hours after bite (p = 0.0007, p = 0.0005, p= 0.001). Urinary cystatin C /uCr was not significantly different to controls at any timepoint. Biomarker/uCr ratios were not significantly different 14 days after envenomation compared to controls. Conclusion Urinary biomarker/Cr ratios are indicative of transient non-azotaemia AKI in dogs envenomated by V. berus.
Literacy as Part of Professional Knowing in a Swedish Dental Education&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: Lindberg Viveca , Jounger Sofia Louca , Christidis Maria , Christidis Nikolaos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Academic reading and writing are seen as self-evident literacy competences in most contemporary higher educations, and professional literacy is no exception for dental work. The purpose of this study was to analyze a Swedish dental programme, with respect to its design, in relation to content of relevance for academic and professional literacy. Secondarily, to identify and analyze what these students are expected to read and write, and what they write.Methods: Data, for this ethnographically inspired case-study, was produced by observations and audio-recordings of lectures, copies of teachers’ handouts and of volunteering students’ notes, and a multiple-choice-test. Data-analysis was made in five steps, starting with macro-level data, i.e. curriculum and syllabuses, followed by the syllabuses for the two observed modules, the teacher-provided material, analysis of the students’ notes, while in the fifth and final step, the results from the previous steps were compared, to find patterns of what students were expected to read and write, and what in the teacher-provided multimodal material that was emphasized in teachers’ talk.Results: This study showed that students were engaged in literacy events of reading, finding and watching videos on their learning platform, writing, and following instructions. Recurrent academic content comprised anatomy, physiology and pathology, while professional content comprised patient communication and anamnesis. Integrated content was initiated in teacher-constructed PowerPoints and by student-questions. Notetaking patterns varied between individual students, but the general pattern discerned for the group of students who shared their notes with us were complementary notes, to make available further descriptions of teacher-constructed text, and independent text describing pictures shown on teachers’ PowerPoints.Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate that academic literacy in dental education has a professional basis for reading, writing, and communicative purposes. The study also showed that academic and professional literacy were closely connected through recurrent integration.
NAT2 genetic polymorphism and age dependent efficacy of neurotropin® for the enhancement of aggrecan gene expression in nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Nakai Tomoko , Sakai Daisuke , Nakamura Yoshihiko , Horikita Natsumi , Matsushita Erika , Naiki Mitsuru , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Intervertebral disc degeneration, one of the major causes of low-back pain, results from altered biosynthesis/turnover of extracellular matrix in the disc. Previously, we reported that the analgesic drug Neurotropin® (NTP) had an anabolic effect on glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cultured nucleus pulposus (NP) cells via the stimulation of chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1. However, its effect on the aggrecan core protein was not significantly detected, because of the data variance. A microarray analysis suggested that the effect of NTP on aggrecan was correlated with N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), a drug-metabolizing enzyme. Specific NAT2 alleles are known to correlate with rapid, intermediate, and slow acetylation activities and side effects of various drugs. We investigated the association between the efficacy of NTP on aggrecan expression and the NAT2 genotype in cell donors.
Methods
NP cells were isolated from intervertebral disc tissues donated by 31 Japanese patients (28–68 years) who underwent discectomy. NTP was added to the primary cell cultures and its effect on the aggrecan mRNA was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR. To assess acetylator status, genotyping was performed based on the inferred NAT2 haplotypes of five common single-nucleotide polymorphisms using allele-specific PCR.
Results
The phenotype frequencies of NAT2 in the patients were 0%, 42.0%, and 58.0% for slow, intermediate, and rapid acetylators, respectively. The proportions of responders to NTP treatment (aggrecan upregulation, ≥1.1-fold) in the intermediate and rapid acetylators were 76.9% and 38.9%, respectively. The odds ratio of the comparison of the intermediate acetylator status between responders and nonresponders was 5.2 (95% CI, 1.06–26.0, P = 0.036), and regarding the 19 male patients, this was 14.0 (95% CI, 1.54–127.2, P = 0.012). In the females, the effect was not correlated with NAT2 phenotype, but was negatively correlated with age (r = − 0.773, P = 0.006).
Conclusions
An intermediate acetylator status significantly favored the efficacy of NTP treatment to enhance aggrecan production in NP cells. In males, this tendency was detected with higher significance. Sex and age were also implicated in NTP efficacy. This study provides evidence of the association between NAT2 variants and the efficacy of NTP treatment.