bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What on‐line searches tell us about public interest and potential impact on behaviour in response to minimum unit pricing of alcohol in Scotland
Authors: Leon David A. , Yom‐Tov Elad , Johnson Anne M. , Petticrew Mark , Williamson Elizabeth , Lampos Vasileios , Cox Ingemar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether the introduction of minimum unit pricing (MUP) in Scotland on 1 May 2018 was reflected in changes in the likelihood of alcohol‐related queries submitted to an internet search engine, and in particular whether there was any evidence of increased interest in purchasing of alcohol from outside Scotland.DesignObservational study in which individual queries to the internet Bing search engine for 2018 in Scotland and England were captured and analysed. Fluctuations over time in the likelihood of specific topic searches were examined. The patterns seen in Scotland were contrasted with those in England.SettingScotland and England.ParticipantsPeople who used the Bing search engine during 2018.MeasurementsNumbers of daily queries submitted to Bing in 2018 on eight alcohol‐related topics expressed as a proportion of queries on that day on any topic. These daily likelihoods were smoothed using a 14‐day moving average for Scotland and England separately.FindingsThere were substantial peaks in queries about MUP itself, cheap sources of alcohol and online alcohol outlets at the time of introduction of MUP in May 2018 in Scotland, but not England. These were relatively short‐lived. Queries related to intoxication and alcohol problems did not show a MUP peak, but were appreciably higher in Scotland than in England throughout 2018.ConclusionsAnalysis of internet search engine queries appears to show that a fraction of people in Scotland may have considered circumventing minimum unit pricing in 2018 by looking for on‐line alcohol retailers. The overall higher levels of queries related to alcohol problems in Scotland compared with England mirrors the corresponding differences in alcohol consumption and harms between the countries.
Education tracking and adolescent smoking: a counterfactual and prospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Wen‐Hsu , Gebel Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsAdolescent smoking is a health issue and a potential health inequality issue. Education tracking, which is the placement of students into different school types and curricula based on their learning needs or abilities, is an indicator of inequality and risk factor of adolescent smoking. We examined the effect of educational tracking, dividing students into vocational and academic high school tracks, on adolescent smoking in Taiwan.Design and SettingLongitudinal panel data, collected annually from 2000 over a period of 6 years as part of the Taiwan Youth project, were used.ParticipantsAdolescents (aged 13–18 years) from the first six waves of the Taiwan Youth Project were included in the project, of whom 2147 had clear information on track attendance in 10th grade, control variables in 7th/8th grades and smoking behavior in 8th grade (before track placement). Post‐track smoking behavior was measured at 10th, 11th and 12th grades.MeasurementsThe outcome variable was the self‐reported smoking status in the 8th grade and between 10th and 12th grades. The treatment variable of interest was education tracking (vocational versus academic), which was conducted when the student was in 10th grade. Several important confounders were used for the difference‐in‐differences propensity score matching (e.g. parents’ education and same classroom peer smoking).FindingsPlacement of a student in the vocational track increased the proportion of smokers by 3.3 percentage points in 10th grade (P = 0.039). The effect was even more pronounced in 11th grade (6.2 percentage points; P = 0.000) and 12th grade (5.9 percentage points; P = 0.003).ConclusionsEducation tracking (placement of students into different school curricula based on learning needs or abilities) appears to be a risk factor for adolescent smoking among Taiwanese adolescents.
Radiographic assessment of carpal conformation in the horse, part 2: Finding acceptable limits to postural and rotational variations during radiography
Authors: Olusa Timothy A. O. , Davies Helen M. S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFinding an appropriate location for perpendicular positioning of the X‐ray machine to produce zero lateromedial (ZLM) and zero dorsopalmar (ZDP) carpal images (views) and finding an acceptable range of rotational variations for measurement of carpal conformational parameters were two major challenges identified during field radiography of equine forelimbs. 16 cadaver forelimbs transacted at antebrachial midshaft from 10 horses (aged 9.13 ± 4.59 years) were axially mounted into a custom‐built frame, and the radiographic machine and plate were perpendicularly aligned with the limb. Each limb was then radiographed at 2.5° interval of vertical rotation of the machine until ZLM and ZDP images were acquired, and at 24 other postural and rotational positions from ZLM and ZDP at 5° interval for comparison of measurements with the standardized ZLM and ZDP images. ZLM radiographs were produced at a mean vertical projection angle (VPA) of 9.84 ± 3.47° palmarolateral–dorsomedial oblique (PaL‐DMO), while ZDP was acquired at VPA of 6.41 ± 2.73° dorsolateral–palmaromedial oblique (DL‐PaMO). Changes in limbs’ postural tilts, vertical plate rotations (VPR) and horizontal beam rotations (HBR) had no effect on the quality of the radiographs and on carpal measurements, while vertical beam rotation (VBR) of X‐ray beam produced significant changes on the quality of radiographs and on measurements of carpal parameters. It is recommended that field radiographs of equine forelimbs intended for carpal measurement be obtained within a proposed range of VPA of 2.5° to 12.5° PaL‐DMO for ZLM and 2.5° to 10° DL‐PaMO for ZDP in order to minimize potential errors attributable to vertical rotational movements.
Preoperative prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kurata Yoshihiro , Hayano Koichi , Ichinose Masanori , Sasaki Takuma , Kainuma Shunsuke , Fukasawa Kimiaki , Shimao Hitoshi , Ohira Gaku , Matsubara Hisahiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common surgery with a varying difficulty level. Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be experienced by many surgeons. If difficult procedures are predicted preoperatively, surgeons may be able to plan the surgical approach and treatment accordingly. Studies have reported using blood and clinical imaging data to predict difficult cholecystectomy. However, to our knowledge, no studies have reported using MRI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of MRI as a predictor of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 25 patients with cholecystitis or biliary colic who had undergone diffusion‐weighted whole‐body imaging before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The apparent diffusion coefficient value of the cystic duct was measured and its relationship with operative time and blood loss was examined to assess the capacity of diffuse‐weighted whole‐body imaging to predict difficult cholecystectomy. Further, we collected blood data and compared its usefulness as a predictor.ResultsThe apparent diffusion coefficient value of the cystic duct was significantly lower in patients with difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy than in those with non‐difficult procedures (P = .00007). White blood cell count and serum C‐reactive protein level were significantly higher in patients with difficult cholecystectomy than in those with non‐difficult procedures (P = .035, .030). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the apparent diffusion coefficient value was the best predictor.ConclusionOur results suggest that the apparent diffusion coefficient value of the cystic duct is a predictor of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In the future, it may be useful to study changes in coefficient values over time to determine optimal surgical timing.
Proton pump inhibitors and risk of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality: A cohort study
Authors: Brown Jeremy P. , Tazare John R. , Williamson Elizabeth , Mansfield Kathryn E. , Evans Stephen J. , Tomlinson Laurie A. , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Smeeth Liam , Wing Kevin , Douglas Ian J. 
Published: January 2021

AimTo investigate the association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and both all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database. We compared 733 885 new users of PPIs to 124 410 new users of H2 receptor antagonists (H2Ras). In a secondary analysis we compared 689 602 PPI new users to 1 361 245 nonusers of acid suppression therapy matched on age, sex and calendar year. Hazard ratios for all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality were estimated using propensity score (PS) weighted Cox models.ResultsPPI prescription was associated with increased risk of all‐cause mortality, with hazard ratios decreasing considerably by increasing adjustment (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62‐1.69; PS‐weighted HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.33‐1.44; high‐dimensional PS‐weighted HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.26‐1.37). Short‐term associations were observed with mortality from causes where a causal short‐term association is unexpected (eg, lung cancer mortality: PS‐weighted HR at 6 months 1.77, 95% CI 1.39‐2.25). Adjusted hazard ratios were substantially higher when compared to nonusers (PS‐weighted HR all‐cause mortality 1.96, 95% CI 1.94‐1.99) rather than H2RA users.ConclusionsPPI prescription was strongly associated with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality. However, the change in hazard ratios (a) by increasing adjustment and (b) between comparator groups indicates that residual confounding is likely to explain the association between poor health outcomes and PPI use, and fully accounting for this using observational data may not be possible.
The treatment landscape of advanced angiosarcoma in Asia—A multi‐national collaboration from the Asian Sarcoma Consortium
Authors: Chen Tom Wei‐Wu , Pang Angela , Puhaindran Mark E. , Maw Myo Myint , Loong Herbert H. , Sriuranpong Virote , Chang Chih‐Chi , Mingmalairak Siyamol , Hirose Takeshi , Endo Makoto , Kawai Akira , Farid Mohamad , Tan Sze Huey , Goh Wei Lin , Quek Richard , Chan Jeffrey C. H. , Leung Alex K. C. , Ngan Roger K. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAngiosarcoma (AS) is a rare disease with a dismal prognosis. The treatment landscape and prognostic factors for advanced AS, including locally advanced, unresectable, and metastatic disease remain elusive. The Asian Sarcoma Consortium is an international collaborative effort to understand the sarcoma treatment landscape in Asia. We undertook a retrospective chart review of AS patients seen in 8 sarcoma academic centers across Asia. Patients with complete clinical, treatment, and follow‐up data were enrolled. Overall, 276 advanced AS patients were included into this study; 84 (30%) of the patients had metachronous metastatic AS. The median age was 67 y; primary sites of AS was cutaneous in 55% and visceral in 45% of patients. In total, 143 (52%) patients received at least 1 line of systemic chemotherapy. The most common first‐line chemotherapy regimen used was paclitaxel (47.6%) followed by liposomal doxorubicin (19.6%). The median overall survival (OS) was 7.8 mo. Significant prognostic factors for OS included age > 65 (hazard ratio (HR) 1.54, P = .006), male gender (HR 1.39, P = .02), and a cutaneous primary AS site (HR 0.63, P = .004). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) for first‐line chemotherapy was 3.4 mo. PFS for single vs combination or paclitaxel vs liposomal doxorubicin chemotherapy regimens were comparable. This study provides an insight into the treatment patterns and prognostic factors of advanced AS patients in Asia. Prognosis of advanced AS remains poor. Data from this study serve as a benchmark for future clinical study design.
Pathological response post neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer is an independent predictor of survival
Authors: On Jason , Shim Joanna , Mackay Craig , Murray Graeme , Samuel Leslie , Parnaby Craig , Ramsay George 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimNeoadjuvant treatment (NaT) for locally advanced rectal cancer prior to surgery has led to improved outcomes. However, the relationship between pathological response to NaT and survival is not entirely clear. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of pathological response to NaT on survival outcomes.MethodsClinical and pathological data were collected from a prospectively maintained pathology database between 2005 and 2017. The primary outcome was the overall survival based on pathological response categorized as complete, good partial, partial and minimal. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify variables predictive of survival. Cox proportional hazard ratios were used for survival.ResultsA total of 596 patients had surgery following NaT for locally advanced rectal cancer. The median follow‐up was 4.57 years (interquartile range 2.21–8.15 years). The overall survival for complete pathological response was 75.6% vs. 37.3% for minimal response (P < 0.001). The overall survival at the end of the study in the good partial vs. partial response groups was 58.9% vs. 39% (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the degree of pathological response remains an independent variable for overall and disease‐specific survival across all categories.DiscussionIn addition to other pathological variables, the degree of pathological response to NaT is an independent predictor for survival outcomes. Future verification of these findings elsewhere could support NaT response being used for adjuvant therapy decision making.
Hip pain in adolescents with cerebral palsy: a population‐based longitudinal study
Authors: Larsen Selma Mujezinović , Ramstad Kjersti , Terjesen Terje 
Published: January 2021

AimTo investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of hip pain in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) and compare the findings with those of the same individuals 5 years earlier.MethodSixty‐seven adolescents (28 females, 39 males; mean age 14y 7mo; SD 1y 5mo; range 12–17y) with bilateral CP, in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels III to V enrolled in a CP surveillance programme were assessed for hip pain. Their caregivers responded to the questions on the intensity and frequency of hip pain from the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) (transformed to CHQ hip pain score; 100 indicates no pain). Interference of hip pain with daily activities and sleep was recorded on numeric rating scales. Hip displacement was measured radiographically by the migration percentage.ResultsTwenty‐eight participants had 44 painful hips. Their mean CHQ hip pain score was 40 (SD 21.4; range 10–80). Independent risk factors for hip pain, low CHQ hip pain score, and interference with sleep were severe hip subluxation (migration percentage 50–89%) and GMFCS level V. A migration percentage of 50% to 89% was the only independent risk factor for interference with daily activities. Over 5 years, the number of participants with hip pain increased from 18 to 28, while the mean migration percentage of the most displaced hip was unchanged.InterpretationOur CP hip surveillance programme did not protect the participants against increasing prevalence of hip pain during adolescence. We suggest that surveillance programmes for CP should include guidelines on the characteristics and management of hip pain.What this paper adds

Hip pain prevalence increased in adolescents over a 5‐year period in a cerebral palsy surveillance programme.

Risk factors for hip pain were Gross Motor Function Classification System level V and severe hip subluxation.
Interaction of diabetes genetic risk and successful lifestyle modification in the Diabetes Prevention Programme
Authors: Raghavan Sridharan , Jablonski Kathleen , Delahanty Linda M. , Maruthur Nisa M. , Leong Aaron , Franks Paul W. , Knowler William C. , Florez Jose C. , Dabelea Dana ,   the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimTo test whether diabetes genetic risk modifies the association of successful lifestyle changes with incident diabetes.Materials and methodsWe studied 823 individuals randomized to the intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS) arm of the Diabetes Prevention Programme who were diabetes‐free 1 year after enrolment. We tested additive and multiplicative interactions of a 67‐variant diabetes genetic risk score (GRS) with achievement of three ILS goals at 1 year (≥7% weight loss, ≥150 min/wk of moderate leisure‐time physical activity, and/or a goal for self‐reported total fat intake) on the primary outcome of incident diabetes over 3 years of follow‐up.ResultsA lower GRS and achieving each or all three ILS goals were each associated with lower incidence of diabetes (all P < 0.05). Additive interactions were significant between the GRS and achievement of the weight loss goal (P < 0.001), physical activity goal (P = 0.02), and all three ILS goals (P < 0.001) for diabetes risk. Achievement of all three ILS goals was associated with 1.8 (95% CI 0.3, 3.4), 3.1 (95% CI 1.5, 4.7), and 3.9 (95% CI 1.6, 6.2) fewer diabetes cases/100‐person‐years in the first, second and third GRS tertiles (P < 0.001 for trend). Multiplicative interactions between the GRS and ILS goal achievement were significant for the diet goal (P < 0.001), but not for weight loss (P = 0.18) or physical activity (P = 0.62) goals.ConclusionsGenetic risk may identify high‐risk subgroups for whom successful lifestyle modification is associated with greater absolute reduction in the risk of incident diabetes.
Spectral characteristics of subthalamic nucleus local field potentials in Parkinson's disease: Phenotype and movement matter
Authors: Godinho Fabio , Fim Neto Arnaldo , Bianqueti Bruno Leonardo , de Luccas Julia Baldi , Varjão Eduardo , Terzian Filho Paulo Roberto , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Almeida Tiago Paggi , Yoneyama Takashi , Takahata André Kazuo , Rocha Maria Sheila , Soriano Diogo Coutinho 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is clinically heterogeneous across patients and may be classified in three motor phenotypes: tremor dominant (TD), postural instability and gait disorder (PIGD), and undetermined. Despite the significant clinical characterization of motor phenotypes, little is known about how electrophysiological data, particularly subthalamic nucleus local field potentials (STN‐LFP), differ between TD and PIGD patients. This is relevant since increased STN‐LFP bandpower at α–β range (8–35 Hz) is considered a potential PD biomarker and, therefore, a critical setpoint to drive adaptive deep brain stimulation. Acknowledging STN‐LFP differences between phenotypes, mainly in rest and movement states, would better fit DBS to clinical and motor demands. We studied this issue through spectral analyses on 35 STN‐LFP in TD and PIGD patients during rest and movement. We demonstrated that higher β2 activity (22–35 Hz) was observed in PIGD only during rest. Additionally, bandpower differences between rest and movement occurred at the α–β range, but with different patterns as per phenotypes: movement‐induced desynchronization concerned lower frequencies in TD (10–20 Hz) and higher frequencies in PIGD patients (21–28 Hz). Finally, when supervised learning algorithms were employed aiming to discriminate PD phenotypes based on STN‐LFP bandpower features, movement information had improved the classification accuracy, achieving peak performances when TD and PIGD movement‐induced desynchronization ranges were considered. These results suggest that STN‐LFP β‐band encodes phenotype‐movement dependent information in PD patients.
Morphologically high‐grade trichoblastic carcinoma: a clinicopathological study with long‐term clinical follow‐up
Authors: Mehta Arjun , Davey Jonathan , Wiedemeyer Katharina , Brenn Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AimsTrichoblastic carcinomas (malignant trichoblastomas) are rare and poorly documented neoplasms characterised by malignant transformation of a pre‐existing benign trichoblastoma, and are subdivided histologically into low‐grade and high‐grade tumours. Whereas morphologically low‐grade trichoblastic carcinomas show indolent behaviour, morphologically high‐grade trichoblastic carcinomas have been associated with a poor prognosis, but little is known about their true biological potential. The aim of this study was to better define the clinicopathological features and outcomes of morphologically high‐grade trichoblastic carcinomas.Methods and resultsFour high‐grade trichoblastic carcinomas were retrieved from departmental files, and the clinical and histopathological features and follow‐up were recorded. The tumours presented as nodules on the scalps, necks and shoulders of adults (median age, 40 years; range, 30–55 years) with a female predominance of 3:1. Three patients had a longstanding history with recent change. Histologically, three tumours were characterised by an expansile cellular nodule composed of sheets of pleomorphic epithelioid cells with brisk mitotic activity and necrosis arising in a background of a benign trichoblastoma. One tumour showed a more gradual transition from a benign trichoepithelioma to an undifferentiated carcinoma with infiltrative growth and perineural infiltration. All patients were alive with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis following complete excision after a median follow‐up of 96 months (range, 30–180 months).ConclusionsThe correct diagnosis of high‐grade trichoblastic carcinoma relies on adequate sampling and recognition of the benign trichoblastic precursor lesion, i.e. trichoblastoma or trichoepithelioma. Despite the concerning histological features of the malignant component, the tumours appear to be less aggressive than previously thought.
Elastic and thermodynamic properties of cerium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnets
Authors: Goncharov Vitaliy G. , Wei Nian , Lau Miu Lun , Ennaceur Sue M. , Migliori Albert , Xu Hongwu , Long Min , Guo Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCerium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnets (Y3‐xCexAl5O12, Ce:YAGs) are promising yellow light‐emitting components of solid‐state white light‐emitting diodes. Although there have been numerous studies examining the effects of Ce concentrations on the luminescent properties of Y3‐xCexAl5O12, the impacts of Ce dopant on the elastic and thermodynamic properties are not well understood. In this work, we used resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) to determine the effects of Ce doping (0.025, 0.1, 1 at. %) on the elastic and thermodynamic properties of Y3‐xCexAl5O12. The elastic moduli calculated via the Voigt–Reuss–Hill (VRH) method demonstrated that low Ce dopant concentrations (≤0.1 at. %) induced negligible effects on the elasticity of the YAG host matrix, while a high Ce concentration (1 at. %) yielded significant softening. RUS spectral analysis and SEM images suggested that the elastic softening originated from microstructural differences induced at higher Ce dopant concentrations. In addition, we demonstrated an increase in elastic anisotropy at higher Ce concentrations, which further elucidated the correlations between structure and elasticity of Y3‐xCexAl5O12. Debye temperatures (θD), heat capacities (Cp), and thermal conductivities (κ) were calculated for Ce:YAGs through the relations of RUS‐derived parameters (sound velocities, elastic moduli) and previously determined thermal expansion coefficients. Ce:YAG was found to have a significant reduction in θD, Cp, and κ at Ce concentrations ≥1 at. %. Lastly, extrapolation of Cp and κ to higher temperatures allowed the modeling of thermal stress experienced by Y3‐xCexAl5O12 disks up to 1073.15 K.