bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and Experience of Incarceration in North Central Nigeria: A Situation Analysis at Makurdi Medium Security Prison
Authors: NWEFOH EMEKA , aguocha chinyere MIRIAN , RYAN GRACE , ODE PHILIP , Ighagbon FESTUS , Akinjola OYEDELE , OMOI SAMUEL , ABDULMALIK JIBRIL , AGBIR TERKURA , OBEKPA OBEKPA , OGBOLE SAMUEL , EATON JULIAN 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Human rights watchdogs have described conditions in Nigerian correctional facilities and detention centers as damaging to the physical and mental health of inmates. While the prevalence of mental disorders is high, access to appropriate healthcare is grossly inadequate. Understanding the current state of prison inmates’ mental health and well-being is an essential first step to addressing this important issue. This study aims to document the mental health and experiences of incarceration of inmates of the largest medium security prison in Nigeria’s Benue State.Methods: A cross-sectional survey and descriptive analysis was carried out with a random sample of 381 prison inmates of Benue State Makurdi Medium Security Prison. Survey tools included: (1) a structured questionnaire on participants’ experiences in prison, and (2) the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a screening tool for depression. Results: Most participants were young men (95.5%, mean age 27.95) and had completed secondary school (63.5%). While prison authorities had identified only 27 participants as having a mental disorder, 144 (37.8%) screened positive for depression. Twenty six had received professional counseling while in prison. Of the six participants who were already taking a psychotropic medication at the time of imprisonment, four received medication after being imprisoned. Approximately half, (52%) of participants were dissatisfied with prison health care. Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of depression among prison inmates, few cases are detected and treated. Prison staff may not recognize depression as a mental disorder, and the mental health care available is generally poor. Inadequate mental health and social care not only affects prison inmates’ well-being, but may also impact recidivism and health outcomes upon release. Prison inmates should be screened routinely for depression and other less-commonly recognized mental health conditions, and appropriate treatment made available.
Has the Level of Evidence in Orthopaedic Trauma and Nontrauma Publications Improved? A Publication Review of 3 Major Orthopaedic Journals
Authors: Luksameearunothai Kitchai , Chaudhry Yash Paul , Thamyongkit Sorawut , Jia Xiaofeng , Hasenboehler Erik A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

In biomedical research, level of evidence (LOE) indicates the quality of a study. Recent studies evaluating orthopaedic trauma literature between 1998-2013 have indicated that LOE in this field has improved. The objective of this study was to determine the validity of one such study by 1) comparing our results and how they relate to more recent years of publications; and 2) assessing how our findings may be used to estimate future changes.

Methods

A total of 3,449 articles published from 2013 to 2018 in The Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma (JOT); Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume (JBJS-Am); and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (CORR) were evaluated for their LOE. Articles published in JBJS-Am or CORR were classified as trauma or nontrauma studies; articles published in JOT were considered trauma studies. Articles were assigned a LOE using guidance published by JBJS-Am in 2015.

Results

The percentage of total high-level (level I or II) trauma and nontrauma articles published in JOT, JBJS-Am, and CORR decreased from 2013 to 2018 (trauma 23.1% to 19.2%, p = 0.190; nontrauma 28.8% to 24.9%, p = 0.037). JBJS-Am published the highest percentage of level-I trauma studies, and CORR published the lowest percentage of level-IV studies. JBJS-Am and CORR published higher percentages of level-I trauma studies and lower percentages of level-IV nontrauma studies than all trauma studies.

Conclusions

Based on our results we cannot validate the findings of previous studies as we found the overall LOE of both trauma and nontrauma orthopaedic literature has decreased in recent years. JBJS-Am published a greater percentage of high-level studies than did JOT and CORR. Although the number and percentage of high-level studies published in JOT increased during the study period, it still lagged behind JBJS-Am and CORR.
Evaluating variability in coseismic slips of paleo-earthquakes using a flight of displaced terraces across the Kamishiro fault, Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line, central Japan
Authors: Takahashi Naoya , Toda Shinji 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Examining the regularity between events during an earthquake slip leads to an understanding of earthquake recurrence and provides the basis for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. Generally, scientists use systematic analysis of three-dimensional paleoseismic trenches and numerous offset markers along fault zones to study slip history. Flights of displaced terraces have also been used, under the assumption that the number of earthquakes contributing to the observed cumulative slip is known. This study presents a Monte Carlo-based approach to estimating slip variability from a series of displaced terraces when such an assumption cannot be satisfied. First, we mapped fluvial terraces across the Kamishiro Fault, which is an intra-plate reverse fault in central Japan, and systematically measured the cumulative net slip in the mapped terraces. By combining these measurements with the age of the paleoearthquakes, we estimated the amount of net slip for the penultimate event (PE) and antepenultimate event (APE) to be 1.5 ± 0.2 and 2.7 ± 0.4 m, respectively. The APE slip was twice that of the PE slip and 2.5 times larger than the most recent event, the Nagano-ken-hokubu earthquake, and measured 1.2 ± 0.1 m. This suggests that the APE ruptured along the entire length of the 26 km-long Kamishiro Fault or that there were multiple faults involving adjacent segments. As we are unsure how many earthquakes had occurred since the oldest terrace was formed, we assumed three cases based on available paleoseismic records. In each case, we calculated the slip that could reproduce the cumulative slips within a reasonable range of observed terrace offsets and then estimated the coefficient of variation for coseismic slips (COVs) of paleoearthquakes. The resulting COVs typically fell into the range of 0.3 to 0.5, indicating that, over the last few thousand years, the Kamishiro Fault did not regularly behave as it had done before the 2014 event. Instead, there were large variations in the fault’s coseismic slip, as suggested by the global dataset. Although we acknowledge that our approach may be oversimplified, the Monte Carlo-based approach should help assess the regularity of earthquakes from displaced terraces where limited data are available.
Pcgf1 regulates early neural tube development through histone methylation in zebrafish
Authors: Li Xinyue , Ji Guangyu , Zhou Juan , Du Jingyi , Li Xian , Hu Yong , Zhou Wenjuan , hao aijun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
Early neural tube development in the embryo includes neural induction and self-renewal of neural stem cells (NSCs). The abnormal of neural tube development could lead to neural tube defects. The research on the mechanism of neural induction is the key to reveal the pathogenesis of the abnormal of neural tube. Though studies have confirmed a genetic component, the responsible mechanisms for the abnormal of neural tube are still largely unknown. Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) plays an important role in regulating early embryonic development, and has been sub-classified into six major complexes based on the presence of a Pcgf subunit. Pcgf1, as one of six Pcgf paralogs, is an important requirement in early embryonic brain development. Here, we intended to investigate the role and mechanism of Pcgf1 in early neural tube development of zebrafish embryos.
Material and methods
Morpholino (MO) antisense oligonucleotides were used to construct a Pcgf1 loss-of function zebrafish model. We analyzed the phenotype of zebrafish embryos and the expression of related genes in the process of neural induction by in situ hybridization, immunolabelling and RNA-sEq. The regulation of histone modifications on gene was detected by western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation.
Results
In this study, we found that zebrafish embryos exhibited small head and reduced or even absence of telencephalon after inhibiting the expression of Pcgf1. Moreover, the neural induction process of zebrafish embryos was abnormal, and the subsequent NSCs self-renewal was inhibited under the inhibition of Pcgf1. RNA-seq and gene ontology (GO) analysis identified that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in many functional categories which related to the development phenotype. Finally, our results showed that Pcgf1 regulated the trimethylation of histone H3K27 in the Ngn1 and Otx2 promoter regions, and the levels of H3K4me3 at the promoters of Pou5f3 and Nanog.
Conclusion
Together, our data for the first time demonstrate that Pcgf1 plays an essential role in early neural induction phase through histone methylation in neural tube development. Our findings reveal a critical context-specific function for Pcgf1 in directing PRC1 to control cell fate.
GABARAP suppresses EMT and breast cancer progression via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Dandan , Lei Mengxia , Gao Jiayi , Cui Yuqing , Jin Xiaoying , Yu Qiujie , Jiang Ying , Guo Yan , Liu Yali , Chen Xuesong , Cai Li 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) is rarely studied in tumor progression. Here, the authors investigated the expression and significance of GABARAP in breast cancer.
Method:
A large group of clinical samples was assessed to detect GABARAP expression and its associations with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in cell lines and mouse xenograft models were performed to elucidate the function and underlying mechanisms of GABARAP-regulated tumor progression.
Results
We analyzed GABARAP levels in clinical breast cancer samples and cell lines and confirmed that GABARAP was negatively correlated with advanced clinicopathologic features, such as tumor size (P = 0.025) and TNM stage (P = 0.001). Importantly, patients with low GABARAP levels had a poor prognosis (p = 0.0047). Functionally, our data revealed that GABARAP can inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, low levels of GABARAP induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), one of the most important mechanisms for the promotion of tumor metastasis, in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, low levels of GABARAP increased the levels of p-AKT (S473) and p-mTOR (S2448), and a specific AKT pathway inhibitor reversed the downregulation of GABARAP-induced tumor progression. In clinical breast cancer specimens, immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed that the distribution and intensity of GABARAP expression were negatively correlated with those of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 (P = 0.0013) and MMP14 (P = 0.019).
Conclusions
Collectively, these data indicated that GABARAP suppressed the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells, illuminating that the possible mechanism acts via the AkT/mTOR pathway. Targeting GABARAP may provide a potential diagnosis and treatment strategy for breast cancer.
Assessment of multiple anaerobic co-digestions and related microbial community of molasses with rice alcohol wastewater
Authors: Khan Sohail , Lu Fuzhi , Jiang Qiong , Jiang Chengjian , Kashif Muhammad , Shen Peihong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Molasses is a highly dense and refined byproduct produced in the sugarcane industry, and it contains high amounts of degradable compounds. These compounds can potentially be converted into renewable products biologically. However, the involved biological process is negatively influenced by the high chemical oxygen demand (COD) of molasses and its high ion concentration, although this problem is commonly addressed by dilutions.
Results
The co-digestion of molasses with rice alcohol waste water (RAW) was compared with its mono-digestion at an increasing organic loading rate (OLR). Both processes were assessed by detecting the COD removal rate, the methane contents of biogas, and the structure and composition of microbial communities at different stages. Results showed that the co-digestion is stable up to a maximum OLR of 16 g COD L− 1d− 1. By contrast, after the acclimatization phase, the mono-digestion process was upset twice, which occurred at a maximum OLR of 9 and 10 g COD L− 1d− 1. The co-digestion procgess demonstrated consistency in terms of COD removal rates (86.36% ± 0.99–90.72% ± 0.63%) and methane contents (58.10% ± 1.12–64.47% ± 0.59%) compared with the mono-digestion process. Microbial community analysis showed that the relative abundance of bacterial and archaeal communities differs between the processes at different stages. However, in both processes, Propionibacteriaceae was the most abundant family in the bacterial communities, whereas Methanosaetaceae was abundant in the archaeal communities.
Conclusion
Rice alcohol wastewater could be a good co-substrate for anaerobic digestion of molasses. Integrate molasses into progressive biogas production at high OLR.
Effects of superheated steam processing on common buckwheat grains: Lipase inactivation and its association with lipidomics profile during storage
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Wang Libo , Qiu Ju , Li Zaigui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Buckwheat deteriorates easily during storage, resulting loss of nutrients, rancidity flavor and poor consumer acceptability. Superheated steam (SS) was used to inactivate lipase of common buckwheat grains in this study, in order to retard lipid hydrolytic rancidity and maintain lipid nutrition of common buckwheat.Methods: Buckwheat grains were treated with SS at 110-200°C, for 0-7 min and SS treatment parameters were optimized by moisture content and lipase activity. The changes in free fatty acid (FFA) and lipase activity of SS-treated and untreated buckwheat during 12 weeks storage at 4°C, 25°C and 50°C were determined. Meanwhile, the effects of SS treatment on fatty acid compositions and lipidomics profile of buckwheat before and after storage were also evaluated. Moreover, the associations of hydrolytic rancidity with lipase activity and lipidomics profile were analyzed.Results: SS processing at 170 °C for 5 min was proved to be an effective method for buckwheat stabilization. Better stabilities based on lower FFA accumulation and lipase activity were observed in SS-treated buckwheat samples during storage. Meanwhile, SS could suppress oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in buckwheat, significantly retard the increase of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the decrease of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) during storage. Moreover, the lipidomics profile results indicated that SS processing could retard the increased hydrolysis and oxidation of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) during storage.Conclusion: Thus, SS processing could effectively inactivate lipase, suppress UFA oxidation, change glycerolipids (GLs) and glycerophospholipids (GPs) subclass metabolism, and consequently retard hydrolytic rancidity and lipid nutrition loss of buckwheat during storage. This work was first time to demonstrate the application of SS processing for the effective quality control of buckwheat during storage.
Acute Polyradiculoneuritis with Locked-in Syndrome in a Patient with Covid-19﻿﻿
Authors: Pfefferkorn Thomas , Dabitz Rainer , Wernitz-Keibel Thomas von , Aufenanger Johannes , Nowak-Machen Martina , Janssen Hendrik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this case report we present a patient from Germany who developed a severe GBS in the course of Covid-19.
Loss of correction in cubitus varus deformity after osteotomy
Authors: You Chao , Zhou Yibiao , Han Jingming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose Cubitus varus deformity in the pediatric population is an infrequent but clinically important disease to orthopedic surgeons. Since these patient populations are different in many respects, we sought out to investigate the rates of loss of correction over time as well as the factors associated with loss of correction in pediatric patients undergoing osteotomy for treatment of cubitus varus deformity. Methods Between 2008-7 and 2017-7, we treated 30 cases of cubital varus had underwent the the osteotomy. We compared preoperative and postoperative clinical and imaging parameters (H-cobb angle,Baumman angle) for all patients. Postoperative evaluation was performed by telephone interview.Results In our study,there were 30 patients,included 17 males and 13 females.the mean age was 75 months old.In the first follow-up,Approximately 80 % of patients had a loss of correction of H-cobb，and 83% of patients at the second follow-up. The Baumann angle also had a loss of correction,about 57% was lost at the first follow-up,and 43% was lost at the second follow-up. The average interval between the first follow-up and the second follow-up was 24 days ，The H-cobb angle mean loss was 2.4°.There was a statistically significant difference between the H-cobb angle measured before surgery and the angle measured after surgery (p <0.05). There were significant differences between the two angles. There was no statistically significant difference between the H-cobb angle measured at the third postoperative period and the contralateral healthy elbow H-cobb angle. There was a statistically significant difference between the Baumann angle measured before surgery and the angle measured after surgery (p <0.05). The Baumann angle measured in the second and third postoperative periods was significantly different from that of the contralateral healthy elbow joint. According to the survival curve analysis, we can see that the median survival time of the H-cobb angle and the Baumann angle is 27 and 34 months. Conclusions The postoperative angle loss will last for a period of time, which mainly occurs during the first and second follow-up period . Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the follow-up of the patient for a period of time after the operation, and take measures to avoid rapid angle loss. Angle loss was significantly reduced after the third follow-up. Further study is needed on this subgroup of patients with cubitus varus given the differences in strategies needed to correct and maintain their deformity correction.
Mechanical Wear Analysis Helps Understand a Mechanism of Failure in Retrieved Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods: A Retrieval Study
Authors: Wei Jack Z. , Hothi Harry S. , Morganti Holly , Bergiers Sean , Gal Elisabetta Dal , Likcani Doris , Henckel Johann , Hart Alister J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the relationship between mechanical wear and the failure of the internal lengthening mechanism in retrieved MAGnetic Expansion Control (MAGEC) growing rods. Methods: This study included 34 MAGEC rods retrieved from 20 patients. The state of the internal mechanism and mechanical wear were assessed in all the rods using plain radiographs and visual inspection. Metrology was then performed to assess the topography and mechanical wear of the telescopic bars, using a Talyrond 365 (Taylor Hobson, Leicester, UK) roundness measuring machine. Results: Plain radiographs showed evidence of a broken internal mechanism in 29% of retrieved rods. Single-side wear marks were found in 97% of retrieved rods. Material loss was found to significantly increase in rods with a damaged internal mechanism (p<0.05) and rods with longer time in situ (r=0.692, p<0.05). Conclusion: We found an association between damage to the internal mechanism of the rods and (1) patterns of single-side longitudinal wear marks and (2) increased material loss. As the material loss was also found to increase over time of rod in situ, we emphasise the importance of early detection and revision of failed MAGEC rods in clinical practice.
Video-Based Interviewing in Medicine: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Selvam Rajajee , Hu Richard , Musselman Reilly , Raiche Isabelle , Moloo Husein 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Careers in healthcare involve an extensive interview process as transitions are made from one level of training to the next. For physicians, interviews mark the gateway from entrance into medical school, acceptance into residency, fellowships, and subsequent job opportunities. Previous literature outlining the costs associated with face-to-face interviews and concerns regarding the climate crisis has triggered an interest in video-based interviews. Barriers to transitioning away from in person interviews include concerns regarding lack of rapport between applicants and interviewers, and applicants being less able to represent themselves. In a new era ushered in by COVID where many of us have utilized virtual meetings more than any prior time both personally and for work, we wanted to consolidate the current literature on the use of video-based interviews in healthcare and summarize the findings. Methods: A scoping review will be conducted to explore the benefits and limitations of video-based interviews for both applicants and interviewers within healthcare fields, as well as the perceived barriers associated with transitioning away from face-to-face interviews. The scoping review methodology outlined by Arksey and O’Malley will be implemented. The search strategy developed by the authors in collaboration with an academic health sciences librarian will be conducted across four electronic databases (Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central, and PsycInfo) and supplemented by review of the grey literature and reference lists of included studies. The study selection process will be documented using the PRISMA flow diagram, and reasons for exclusion following full text review will be recorded. The extracted data will be analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. Discussion: Despite previous literature on the costs associated with face-to-face interviews, there has been hesitancy with transitioning to video-based interviews due to concerns of lack of rapport between applicants and interviewers, and applicants being less able to represent themselves. While these limitations have been explored in previous studies, a succinct review of the current literature to guide effective restructuring of the interview process is lacking. With our scoping review, we hope to fill this gap in the literature to better understand barriers to transitioning from face-to-face interviews and directions for future research.
Study on oscillation modes of weld pool in stationary GTA welding using structure laser method
Authors: Wu Xingpei , Huang Jiankang , He Jing , Liu Shien , Liu Guangyin , Fan Ding 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To study the oscillation mode of GTA weld pool, the oscillation mode of weld pool was analyzed based on Bessel equation, and the laser dot matrix images of (0, 1), (1, 1), (2, 1), (0, 2) oscillation modes at different times are obtained by structured laser optical measurement simulation. The oscillation mode of stationary GTA weld pool was analyzed based on the laser dot matrix images obtained by structure laser experiment. The result shows the simulated laser dot matrix images matches up to the experiment result. The oscillation mode of the weld pool can be recognized based on laser dot matrix image. This study can not only provide conditions for judging the penetrating state of weld pool, but also help to further understand the oscillation mode of the weld pool and develop more effective observation methods and measurement tools, so as to effectively control and improve the welding quality.