bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thalamic Lesions in a Toddler with Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: AlMuslamani Ahood , Taha Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a child with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoimmune encephalitis (AE) with bilateral thalamic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. A healthy 21-month-old girl, after superrefractory status epilepticus (SE) and fever developed dyskinesia and ataxia, which we subsequently diagnosed as GAD AE. She showed remarkable response to treatment with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Following an initial normal MRI of her brain, a further brain imaging showed bilateral thalamic lesions. This is an unusual finding since brain imaging abnormalities, when found in GAD AE, mostly involve the mesial temporal lobe structures. Thalamic lesions in GAD AE have not been reported previously.
New method for the synthesis of heterospin metal complexes with nitroxides
Authors: Ovcharenko Victor I. , Kuznetsova Olga V. 
Published: September 2020

A new approach was developed to synthesize transition metal complexes with nitroxides based on the simultaneous involvement of nitronyl nitroxide and imino nitroxide in the reaction with metal. It was shown that the reaction of a metal with nitronyl nitroxide can afford a metal complex containing two different radicals in the metal coordination sphere in the case when imino nitroxide is generated in the reaction medium via a redox process. The reaction of a metal with imino nitroxide also can give mixed-ligand complexes, in which the metal coordinates both the starting imino nitroxide and its reduction product — the corresponding amidine oxide. This compound can be prepared by an alternative synthesis using the reaction of metal with sterically hindered amidine oxide, resulting in the formation of mixed-ligand coordination compounds through the coordination of both the starting amidine oxide and its oxidation product — imino nitroxide. In the latter case, the following conditions have to be met: the reaction should be performed in the presence of oxygen and transition metal, which can easily change its oxidation state under ambient conditions (CoII, MnII, FeII). To synthesize mixed-ligand complexes with transition metals that are not prone to change the oxidation state under ambient conditions (NiII, ZnII), a specially prepared mixture of nitronyl nitroxide and imino nitroxide should be added to the reaction mixture. It is worth noting that the reaction can be performed using nitronyl nitroxide and imino nitroxide belonging to different series, which significantly extends the scope of the method.
The bibliography includes 156 references.
Le dije yo, digo
Authors: Posio Pekka , Pešková Andrea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractoEl presente estudio examina la forma y la función de los introductores cuotativos con el verbodecir, a saber, secuencias utilizadas para introducir diálogo construido en el discurso, en el español peninsular y argentino. Se identifican y se investigan varias diferencias morfosintácticas y distribucionales entre las dos variedades en cuanto a la expresión y posición de los argumentos del verbo, así como la referencia temporal del verbo cuotativo. Los resultados apuntan hacia un nivel más alto de construccionalización de los introductores cuotativos en la variedad peninsular que en la argentina. Además, la variedad peninsular cuenta con marcadores cuotativos invariablesdigoydice, que no ocurren en la variedad argentina. Proponemos que los marcadores cuotativos se consideren como un subtipo independiente de marcadores del discurso.
Additive particle uses in Hungarian
Authors: Balogh Kata 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate empirical data that raise challenging issues with respect to focus sensitivity of the Hungarian additive particleis‘also, too’. In Hungarian, the additive particle is attached to a constituent, and theis-phrase cannot occupy the structural focus position. This raises the issue how to capture the focus sensitivity ofis. We propose a primarily pragmatic, context-based analysis of the Hungarian additive particle, where the particle associates with the pragmatic focus (Lambrecht 1994) determined on basis of the immediate question under discussion (Roberts 2012). Important evidence for this claim is that the Hungarian additive particle can take different semantic associates, corresponding to the pragmatic focus of the sentence. After discussing the Hungarian data, we will present the analysis in the framework of Role and Reference Grammar (Van Valin & LaPolla 1997;Van Valin 2005). To capture Hungarian and English data in a uniform way, important extensions of the framework will be proposed.
The role of the affective in interpreting in conflict zones
Authors: Ruiz Rosendo Lucía 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article explores the role of the affective in interpreting in intractable conflicts. Drawing on the results of a
participatory research project exploring the lived experiences of civilian interpreters and Spanish military personnel who worked in
Afghanistan, the article argues that emotions shape the interpreter’s behaviour and have an impact on the interpreter’s positionality. There
are differences, however, between national and local interpreters, which stem from their previous experiences and how these have shaped
their understanding of the conflict. This has also led them to develop different attitudes that influence their perception and
interpretation of reality. Accepting that emotions do exist and that they influence the interpreter’s decisions and behaviour should inform
the design of tailored training programmes. The key aspects of a well-informed training programme are therefore not limited to language and
culture, professionalism and ethics, and military competencies, but also include awareness about the role of emotions.
Nonreciprocal transmission and asymmetric fast–slow light effect in an optomechanical system with two

PT

-symmetric mechanical resonators
Authors: Wang Lan , Chen Yao-Tong , Yin Kai , Zhang Yan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We explore nonreciprocal transmission behaviors in an optomechanical system, in which two dissipative cavity modes are coupled with each other and also with two parity-time-symmetric mechanical modes. Two cavities, one of which is probed by a weak field, are driven by two strong control fields, respectively. With the active-passive mechanical-resonator scheme, such a closed-loop four-mode system can show an amplification behavior of the probe field with three transmission windows based on optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT). Due to the breaking of the time-reversal symmetry corresponding to the relative phase between two control fields, the amplified nonreciprocal transmission can be realized in the middle OMIT window and its direction can be controlled via the phase modulation. In addition, the system can also show asymmetric group velocities of light propagation, i.e. the tunable asymmetric fast–slow light effects, for example, slow lights along a direction and fast lights along the other one. It is of interest that the dynamic asymmetric fast-to-slow light conversion can be realized periodically by phase modulation. Such a system of three OMIT windows, acting as the schemes of the directional amplifier and all-optical switch of the direction and velocity of light, may provide underlying applications in the photonic network and information communicating process involving multi-signal transmission.
Effect of ion transfer on energy gain of ultra-intense crossing laser beams
Authors: Xie Duan , Jiao Jinlong , Zhuo Hongbin , Zhu Peidong , Dong Hu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An interesting phenomenon called ‘ion transfer’, which may obviously affect the energy gain of cross-beams via changing the momentum and density of plasmas, is demonstrated. The increment of plasma momentum induced by it will be proportional to the transferred energy of the cross-beam according to the momentum conservation law. In addition, the ‘ion transfer’-induced variation of plasma density can be attributed to the balance of the ponderomotive force of the cross-beam and the plasma electron thermal pressure, which is proportional to the total intensity of the cross-beam, while inversely proportional to the plasma electron temperature. These results may make up for the deficiency of the existing linear coupled-mode-equations when investigating the cross-beam energy transfer under the action of ultra-intense laser.
Research on convergence of the nuclear matrix elements for 2νββ decays *
Authors: Hu Yue , Li Hantao , Dong Chengwei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, the characteristics of 2νββ decays for six nuclei (

Ar,

Ca,

Ca,

Cr,

Zn, and

Xe) in a mass range from

to

are studied within the nuclear shell model (NSM) framework. Calculations are presented for the half-lives, nuclear matrix elements (NMEs), phase space factors (

), and convergence of the NMEs. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental data. In addition, we predict the half-lives of

decays for four nuclei. We focus on the convergence of the NMEs by analyzing the number of contributing intermediate

states (

) for the nuclei of interest. We assume that

is safely determined when the accumulated NMEs saturate 99.7% of the final calculated magnitude. From the calculations of the involved nuclei, we discover a connection between

and the total number of intermediate

states (

). According to the least squares fit, we conclude that the correlation is

.
Stability of the coplanar planetary four-body system
Authors: Liu Chao , Gong Sheng-Ping , Li Jun-Feng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We consider the coplanar planetary four-body problem, where three planets orbit a large star without the cross of their orbits. The system is stable if there is no exchange or cross of orbits. Starting from the Sundman inequality, the equation of the kinematical boundaries is derived. We discuss a reasonable situation, where two planets with known orbits are more massive than the third one. The boundaries of possible motions are controlled by the parameter c
2
E. If the actual value of c
2
E is less than or equal to a critical value (c
2
E)
cr
, then the regions of possible motions are bounded and therefore the system is stable. The criteria obtained in special cases are applied to the Solar System and the currently known extrasolar planetary systems. Our results are checked using N-body integrator.
X-ray absorption and 9.7 μm silicate feature as a probe of AGN torus structure
Authors: Xu Jun , Sun Mou-Yuan , Xue Yong-Quan , Li Jun-Yao , He Zhi-Cheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The dusty torus plays a vital role in unifying active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, the physical structure of the torus remains largely unclear. Here we present a systematical investigation of the torus mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic feature, i.e., the 9.7μm silicate line, of 175 AGNs selected from the Swift/BAT Spectroscopic Survey (BASS). Our sample is constructed to ensure that each of the 175 AGNs has Spizter/IRS MIR, optical, and X-ray spectroscopic coverage. Therefore, we can simultaneously measure the silicate strength, optical emission lines, and X-ray properties (e.g., the column density and the intrinsic X-ray luminosity). We show that, consistent with previous works, the silicate strength is weakly correlated with the hydrogen column density (

N
H
X

), albeit with large scatters. For X-ray unobscured AGNs, the silicate-strength-derived V-band extinction and the broad-Hα-inferred one are both small; however, for X-ray obscured AGNs, the former is much larger than the latter. In addition, we find that the optical type 1 AGNs with strong X-ray absorption on average show significant silicate absorption, indicating that their X-ray absorption might not be caused by dust-free gas in the broad-line region. Our results suggest that the distribution and structure of the obscuring dusty torus are likely to be very complex. We test our results against the smooth and clumpy torus models and find evidence in favor of the clumpy torus model.
Physics to plan AWAKE Run 2
Authors: Muggli Patric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe briefly describe the basic physics principles considered for planning of the AWAKE Run 2 experiment. These principles are based on experimental results obtained during Run 1 and knowledge obtained from numerical simulation results and other experiments. The goal of Run 2 is to accelerate an electron bunch with a narrow relative energy spread and an emittance sufficiently low for applications. The experiment will use two plasmas, electron bunch seeding for the SM process, on-axis external injection of an electron bunch and electron bunch parameters to reach plasma blow-out, beam loading and beam matching.
Shutter luminous fibres based on rare-earth materials for real-time thermal response
Authors: Jin Yang , Li Xiaoqiang , Zhu Yanan , Pang Zengyuan , Ge Mingqiao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rare earth luminescent materials (RELMs) are commonly used in optics and products intended for safety and decoration. However, there is still a great challenge to alternate the emission performance after the RELMs are activated. In this work, a novel shutter luminous fibre (SLF) was developed using a water-spin method with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as the filament material. The emission performance of the RELMs SLFs could be alternated at near-ambient temperatures. A heat-sensitive thermochromic pigment composed mainly of 7-Anilino-3-diethylamino-6-methyl fluoran (TF-BL1) served as the shutter material. The emitting properties, shielding effect, and the temperature response behaviour of RELMs SLFs with primary colour-emitting properties (Sr2ZnSi2O7: Eu2+, Dy3+; SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+; and Y2O2S: Eu3+, Mg2+, Ti4+) were investigated. The quinoid structure of TF-BL1 blocked the light of primary colours at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the lactone structure of TF-BL1 allowed the light of the RELMs to emit. SLFs with real-time responding behaviour have great potential as electronic skin in soft robotics, flexible electronics, and camouflage applications.
scAPAtrap: identification and quantification of alternative polyadenylation sites from single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Wu Xiaohui , Liu Tao , Ye Congting , Ye Wenbin , Ji Guoli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlternative polyadenylation (APA) generates diverse mRNA isoforms, which contributes to transcriptome diversity and gene expression regulation by affecting mRNA stability, translation and localization in cells. The rapid development of 3′ tag-based single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies, such as CEL-seq and 10x Genomics, has led to the emergence of computational methods for identifying APA sites and profiling APA dynamics at single-cell resolution. However, existing methods fail to detect the precise location of poly(A) sites or sites with low read coverage. Moreover, they rely on priori genome annotation and can only detect poly(A) sites located within or near annotated genes. Here we proposed a tool called scAPAtrap for detecting poly(A) sites at the whole genome level in individual cells from 3′ tag-based scRNA-seq data. scAPAtrap incorporates peak identification and poly(A) read anchoring, enabling the identification of the precise location of poly(A) sites, even for sites with low read coverage. Moreover, scAPAtrap can identify poly(A) sites without using priori genome annotation, which helps locate novel poly(A) sites in previously overlooked regions and improve genome annotation. We compared scAPAtrap with two latest methods, scAPA and Sierra, using scRNA-seq data from different experimental technologies and species. Results show that scAPAtrap identified poly(A) sites with higher accuracy and sensitivity than competing methods and could be used to explore APA dynamics among cell types or the heterogeneous APA isoform expression in individual cells. scAPAtrap is available at https://github.com/BMILAB/scAPAtrap.
Home or Care? A Comparison of Educational Outcomes for Maltreated Children
Authors: Cusworth Linda , Tracey Louise , Baldwin Helen , Biehal Nina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Previous research has highlighted the poor educational attainment of children in out-of-home care, until relatively recently seen as a potential failure of the care system itself. However, the relationship between care and education outcomes is complex. It is important to disentangle the impact of the care system from that of adverse circumstances leading to admission to care. In this study, educational outcomes for 68 children (aged 3–9 years) in foster-care due to concerns about abuse or neglect were compared to those for 166 children with current or past child welfare involvement living at home. Data from teacher assessments of communication and literacy, and a standardized measure of receptive vocabulary were analysed. Accounting for key differences between the two groups, there was little evidence that educational attainment of children in care was significantly worse than that of children living at home. The findings suggest that being in care is unlikely to be the direct cause of poor educational achievement amongst children in care relative to the wider population of children. The study has implications for the ways in which schools and other services, both across the UK and internationally, work with children in and on the margins of care.
Role of Cardiac Biomarkers in Epidemiology and Risk Outcomes
Authors: Haller Paul M , Beer Benedikt N , Tonkin Andrew M , Blankenberg Stefan , Neumann Johannes T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The use of biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is established for diagnostic purposes. Cardiac troponins, as specific markers of myocardial injury, and natriuretic peptides, reflecting myocardial dilation, are routinely used for diagnosis in clinical practice. In addition, a substantial body of research has shed light on the ability of biomarkers to reflect the risk of future major cardiovascular events. Among biomarkers, troponin and members of the natriuretic peptide family have been investigated extensively in the general population, in those at higher risk, and in patients with known CVD. Both biomarkers have been shown to contribute substantially to statistical models describing cardiovascular risk, in addition to and independently of important clinical characteristics. The more precise identification of individuals at risk by appropriate use of biomarkers might lead to an earlier initiation of preventive therapies and potentially avoid significant events.

Content
We summarize the current evidence concerning risk prediction using cardiac biomarkers at different stages in the development of CVD and provide examples of observational studies and large-scale clinical trials testing such application. Beyond the focus on troponin and natriuretic peptides, we also discuss other important and emerging biomarkers in the field with potential for such application, including growth differentiation factor-15, soluble ST2 (alias for IL1RL1 [interleukin 1 receptor like 1), and galectin-3.

Summary
Incorporating biomarkers in risk prediction models might allow more precise identification of individuals at risk. Among the various biomarkers, cardiac troponin appears to be the most promising for prediction of future cardiovascular events in a wide variety of patient populations.
Minimally invasive off-pump surgical pulmonary embolectomy for improved patient-centred care
Authors: Ayers Brian , Wood Katherine , Bjelic Milica , Gosev Igor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present a complicated case of massive pulmonary embolism occurring 11 weeks after a craniotomy in a patient with multiple high-risk comorbidities. The patient underwent successful pulmonary artery surgical embolectomy via left mini-thoracotomy incision on peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. For this patient, avoiding a sternotomy allowed for greatly decreased postoperative morbidity and the use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation allowed for the avoidance of intraoperative anticoagulation. This case demonstrates the feasibility of off-pump surgical pulmonary embolectomy via left mini-thoracotomy as a treatment strategy for appropriate patients to improve patient-centred care.
Home and away: mortality among Finnish-born migrants in Sweden compared to native Swedes and Finns residing in Finland
Authors: Östergren Olof , Korhonen Kaarina , Gustafsson Nina-Katri , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Most first-generation migrants have lower mortality compared to the native population. Finnish-born migrants in Sweden instead have higher mortality; possibly because of health behaviours established before migration. To increase our understanding of this excess mortality, we compared the cause-specific mortality of Finnish migrants in Sweden to both the native population of Sweden and the native Finnish population residing in Finland.

Methods
We used Swedish and Finnish register data, applying propensity score matching techniques to account for differences in sociodemographic characteristics between the migrants, Swedes and Finns. The index population were Finnish migrants aged 40–60, residing in Sweden in 1995. We compared patterns of all-cause, alcohol- and smoking-related, and cardiovascular disease mortality across the groups in the period 1996–2007.

Results
Finnish migrant men in Sweden had lower all-cause mortality compared to Finnish men but higher mortality compared to the Swedish men. The same patterns were observed for alcohol-related, smoking-related and cardiovascular disease mortality. Among women, all three groups had similar levels of all-cause mortality. However, Finnish migrant women had higher alcohol-related mortality than Swedish women, similar to Finnish women. Conversely, migrant women had similar levels of smoking-related mortality to Swedish women, lower than Finnish women.

Conclusions
Finnish-born migrants residing in Sweden have mortality patterns that are typically in between the mortality patterns of the native populations in their country of origin and destination. Both the country of origin and destination need to be considered in order to better understand migrant health.
No Need for ‘Plausibility’ in German Patent Law
Authors: Ackermann Markus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the case law of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), increasing importance is being attached to the concept of ‘plausibility’, which, however, has no literal basis in the EPC. Nevertheless, many decisions in which inventive step (Art. 56 EPC) is assessed address the question of whether the claimed solution was at least ‘plausible’ at the effective date. For medical use claims, a ‘plausibility test’ is even performed for assessing sufficiency of disclosure (Art. 83 EPC). Starting from this example, the following article shows why German patent law does not need ‘plausibility’.