bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speckle Interferometry at SOAR in 2019
Authors: Tokovinin Andrei , Mason Brian D. , Mendez Rene A. , Costa Edgardo , Horch Elliott P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The results of speckle-interferometric observations at the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope in 2019 are given, totaling 2555 measurements of 1972 resolved pairs with separations from 15 mas (median 0.″21) and magnitude difference up to 6 mag, and non-resolutions of 684 targets. We resolved for the first time 90 new pairs or subsystems in known binaries. This work continues our long-term speckle program. Its main goal is to monitor orbital motion of close binaries, including members of high-order hierarchies and Hipparcos pairs in the solar neighborhood. We give a list of 127 orbits computed using our latest measurements. Their quality varies from excellent (25 orbits of grades 1 and 2) to provisional (47 orbits of grades 4 and 5).
Source-count Distribution of Gamma-Ray Blazars
Authors: Marcotulli L. , Di Mauro M. , Ajello M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
With 10 years of operation and an exceptional data set, the Fermi-Large Area Telescope allows us to unveil the detailed composition of the extragalactic γ-ray sky above 100 MeV. In this paper, we derive the intrinsic source-count distribution (logN–logS) of extragalactic sources (i.e., blazars) at

via the efficiency correction method. With this approach, we are able to measure the distribution down to a photon flux of

and to an energy flux of ∼10−12

. In both cases, the logN–logS becomes flatter at low fluxes. Moreover, we show that this logN–logS is representative of the blazar population (assuming the majority of unassociated sources are blazars) and allows us to constrain its evolution quite effectively. Among recently proposed evolutionary models, we find that the Pure Density Evolution model best describes the evolutionary properties of the blazar population and that their integrated emission accounts for

of the total extragalactic γ-ray background.
Diffusion Coefficients in the Envelopes of White Dwarfs
Authors: Heinonen R. A. , Saumon D. , Daligault J. , Starrett C. E. , Baalrud S. D. , Fontaine G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The diffusion of elements is a key process in understanding the unusual surface composition of white dwarfs and their spectral evolution. The diffusion coefficients of Paquette et al. have been widely used to model diffusion in white dwarfs. We perform new calculations of the coefficients of interdiffusion and ionic thermal diffusion with (1) a more advanced model that uses a recent modification of the calculation of the collision integrals that is more suitable for the partially ionized, partially degenerate, and moderately coupled plasma and (2) classical molecular dynamics. The coefficients are evaluated for silicon and calcium in white dwarf envelopes of hydrogen and helium. A comparison of our results with Paquette et al. shows that the latter systematically underestimates the coefficient of interdiffusion yet provides reliable estimates for the relatively weakly coupled plasmas found in nearly all types of stars, as well as in white dwarfs with hydrogen envelopes. In white dwarfs with cool helium envelopes (

< 15,000 K), the difference grows to more than a factor of two. We also explored the effect of the ionization model used to determine the charges of the ions and found that it can be a substantial source of discrepancy between different calculations. Finally, we consider the relative diffusion timescales of Si and Ca in the context of the pollution of white dwarf photospheres by accreted planetesimals and find factor of ≳3 differences between calculations based on Paquette et al. and our model.
Hot Corinos Chemical Diversity: Myth or Reality?
Authors: De Simone Marta , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Codella Claudio , Svoboda Brian E. , Chandler Claire , Bouvier Mathilde , Yamamoto Satoshi , Sakai Nami , Caselli Paola , Favre Cecile , Loinard Laurent , Lefloch Bertrand , Liu Hauyu Baobab , López-Sepulcre Ana , Pineda Jaime E. , Taquet Vianney , Testi Leonardo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
After almost 20 years of hunting, only about a dozen hot corinos, hot regions enriched in interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs), are known. Of them, many are binary systems with the two components showing drastically different molecular spectra. Two obvious questions arise. Why are hot corinos so difficult to find and why do their binary components seem chemically different? The answer to both questions could be a high dust opacity that would hide the molecular lines. To test this hypothesis, we observed methanol lines at centimeter wavelengths, where dust opacity is negligible, using the Very Large Array interferometer. We targeted the NGC 1333 IRAS 4A binary system, for which one of the two components, 4A1, has a spectrum deprived of iCOMs lines when observed at millimeter wavelengths, while the other component, 4A2, is very rich in iCOMs. We found that centimeter methanol lines are similarly bright toward 4A1 and 4A2. Their non-LTE analysis indicates gas density and temperature (

cm−3 and 100–190 K), methanol column density (∼1019 cm−2), and extent (∼35 au in radius) similar in 4A1 and 4A2, proving that both are hot corinos. Furthermore, the comparison with previous methanol line millimeter observations allows us to estimate the optical depth of the dust in front of 4A1 and 4A2, respectively. The obtained values explain the absence of iCOMs line emission toward 4A1 at millimeter wavelengths and indicate that the abundances toward 4A2 are underestimated by ∼30%. Therefore, centimeter observations are crucial for the correct study of hot corinos, their census, and their molecular abundances.
Ab Initio Horizon-scale Simulations of Magnetically Arrested Accretion in Sagittarius A* Fed by Stellar Winds
Authors: Ressler Sean M. , White Christopher J. , Quataert Eliot , Stone James M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of the accretion flow surrounding Sagittarius A* that are initialized using larger-scale MHD simulations of the ∼30 Wolf–Rayet (WR) stellar winds in the Galactic center. The properties of the resulting accretion flow on horizon scales are set not by ad hoc initial conditions but by the observationally constrained properties of the WR winds with limited free parameters. For this initial study we assume a non-spinning black hole. Our simulations naturally produce a ∼10−8
M
⊙ yr−1 accretion rate, consistent with previous phenomenological estimates. We find that a magnetically arrested flow is formed by the continuous accretion of coherent magnetic field being fed from large radii. Near the event horizon, the magnetic field is so strong that it tilts the gas with respect to the initial angular momentum and concentrates the originally quasi-spherical flow to a narrow disk-like structure. We also present 230 GHz images calculated from our simulations where the inclination angle and physical accretion rate are not free parameters but are determined by the properties of the WR stellar winds. The image morphology is highly time variable. Linear polarization on horizon scales is coherent with weak internal Faraday rotation.
β-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from imported and locally-produced chicken in Mozambique
Authors: Faife Sara Lino , Zimba Tomas , Sekyere John Osei , Govinden Usha , Chenia Hafizah Yusuf , Simonsen Gunnar Skov , Sundsfjord Arnfinn , Essack Sabiha Yusuf 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Plasmid-mediated resistance to β-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics was investigated in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from retailed frozen chickens from Brazil, South Africa and Mozambique.
Methodology: Carcass swabs and the liquid thaw of 33 chickens from each of the three countries constituted the total sample size of 198. Isolates were identified by biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility was ascertained by the disc diffusion assay and β-lactamases were detected using the double-disk synergy test. PCR was used to detect the presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCMY, blaMOX, blaFOX, blaDHA, qnrB, qnrD, qnrS and qepA genes. A random selection of CTX-M genes was sequenced.
Results: The 198 samples yielded 27 (13.6%) putative extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive isolates, 15 from carcass swabs and 12 from the liquid thaw from 22 chickens with 19, 5 and 3 isolates from South African, Mozambican and Brazilian chicken, respectively. Isolates exhibited the following resistance: ampicillin 100%, ceftriaxone 89%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 78%, cefotaxime 74%, ciprofloxacin 70%, ceftazidime 67%, cefoxitin 22% and gentamicin 8%. The predominant putative ESBL gene was blaSHV (85%), followed by blaCTX-M (62.9%) and blaTEM (44.4%) whilst blaMOX and blaDHA were the most common pAmpC genes at 33.3%. The predominant plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone-resistance gene was qepA (22.2%). DNA sequencing identified blaCTX-M-55/-79/-101/-164. ERIC–PCR profiles did not show strong evidence of clonality.
Conclusion: The Mozambican population is exposed to a reservoir of plasmid-mediated, and hence mobile β-lactam and quinolone resistance genes via imported, and to a lesser extent, locally produced poultry. This presents a food safety concern.
Increased systemic sST2 in patients with end stage renal disease contributes to milder liver damage during HCV infection
Authors: Lukic Ruzica , Cupic Maja , Gajovic Nevena , Jurisevic Milena , Mijailovic Zeljko , Davidovic Bojana , Kujundzic Bojan , Joksimovic Bojan , Arsenijevic Nebojsa , Jovanovic Ivan 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease and is a serious global health problem. Hepatitis C infection is highly prevalent in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), due to frequent exposure to blood and blood products, nosocomial transmission of HCV, and prolong hemodialysis duration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway on severity of the liver disease in ESRD HCV+ patients.
Methodology: Blood samples from patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and hepatitis C infection (HCV), 20 patients with HCV infection, 20 patients with ESRD and 20 healthy control donor patients were taken for the examination of biochemical parameters, for the determination of the serum cytokine concentration, and for the molecular diagnostics of HCV.
Results: Systemic sST2 positively correlated with serum level of urea and creatinine, respectively. Serum sST2 was significantly increased in ESRD HCV+ patients in comparison to HCV+ group. sST2/IL-1, sST2/IL-4 and sST2/IL-23 ratios were significantly increased in serum of ESRD HCV+ patients in comparison to HCV+ patients. Significantly higher systemic level of sST2 and sST2/IL-1 and sST2/IL-4 ratios were measured in ESRD patients compared to non-ESRD patients.
Conclusion: These results suggested that elevated level sST2, as the consequence of renal failure, causes less destruction of liver in HCV infection.
Migrants rescued on the Mediterranean Sea route: nutritional, psychological status and infectious disease control
Authors: Angeletti Silvia , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Bazzardi Riccardo , Fogolari Marta , Vita Serena , Antonelli Francesca , De Florio Lucia , Khazrai Yeganeh Manon , De Noia Vincenza , Lopalco Maurizio , Alagia Domenico , Pedone Claudio , Lauri Gaetano , Aronica Rosario , Riva Elisabetta , Demir Ayse Banu , Abacioglu Hakan , Ciccozzi Massimo , ERC Rocca di Papa  
Published: June 2020

Introduction: North Africa has become a key migratory hub where a large number of migrants attempt the journey by sea from the Libyan coastline to the south of Europe. In this humanitarian disaster scenario, the Mediterranean route has been one of the most used by illegal boats.
Methodology: In this report, the state of physical and psychological health of a cluster of Eritrean migrants, escaped from Libya and rescued in the Mediterranean Sea after a shipwreck, was described by epidemiological, clinical and laboratory investigations.
Results: Data suggest that despite the majority of the migrants being apparently in good health upon a syndromic surveillance approach, most of them suffered a decline in psychological status as well as severe malnutrition. The emergence of infectious diseases, related to poor living conditions during the journey, is not a rare event.
Conclusion: The present report highlights the risks of failures of the syndromic medical approach in the setting of the extremely challenging migration route and underlines migrant frailties consequent to a prolonged journey and long period of detention. These stressors, which can degrade the initial health condition of traveling migrants, can lead to a premature "exhausted migrant effect" that should be carefully investigated in order to avoid the early emergence of diseases related to frailty.
L’air, espace commun et espace contesté
Authors: de Rancourt Luc 
Published: June 2020

L’air, un espace commun facteur de prospérité. Le secteur du transport aérien connait une explosion sans précédent. En contribuant directe­ment au développement des échanges de biens, de capitaux, de technologies et d’idées, il connecte les populations et les économies. C’est un lien vital pour le tourisme et le commerce mondial dont il représente 35 % en valeur. Mais l’air est également un espace vulnérable qu’il faut d’autant mieux protéger que la complexité et la diversité du secteur aérien est porteuse de failles potentielles nombreuses. La sureté aérienne occupe donc une place majeure dans la politi­que gouvernementale aussi bien dans le cadre de la lutte contre le terrorisme que celui visant à faire respecter notre souveraineté. Cette politique se fonde sur la Posture permanente de sureté aérienne qui figure au rang des missions prioritaires des armées. Enfin, l’air un espace contesté dont il faut garantir l’accès. Jusqu’à présent, les puissances occidentales jouissaient d’une supré­matie incontestée. Cette situation change cependant à la faveur de nombreuses évolutions technologiques et géopolitiques. Le rôle principal de l’armée de l’air consiste à assurer le contrôle des airs pour garantir aussi bien notre liberté de manœuvre militaire et diplomatique que pour permettre la poursuite de notre prospérité économique. Le maintien de la supériorité aérienne reste la condition sine qua non de notre indépendance.
L’espace extra-atmosphérique : un espace commun en voie de privatisation ?
Authors: Pasco Xavier 
Published: June 2020

L’espace extra-atmosphérique définit un domaine très parti­culier, tant du point de vue physique que du point de vue de ses usages. Son caractère global, éminemment collectif et partagé, spécificité consacrée par le droit international, font de l’espace l’un des meilleurs candidats au titre « d’espace commun ». Pour autant, l’espace n’est pas exempt de rapports de force à caractère militaire, industriel ou commercial. Pendant les décennies de guerre froide, l’affrontement bipolaire avait cependant contribué à sanctuariser l’espace. Aucune des deux grandes puissances n’avait alors intérêt à désta­biliser l’équilibre spatial, élément crucial de l’équilibre stratégique plus large. Les temps ont changé et les années récentes ont montré un intérêt militaire renouvelé pour utiliser l’espace. L’évolution des technologies et l’irruption de nouveaux acteurs confèrent aussi une dynamique nouvelle à l’activité spatiale qui met aujourd’hui en débat le statut de l’espace extra-atmosphérique.
Le cyberespace et les mutations de l’espace stratégique
Authors: Cattaruzza Amaël 
Published: June 2020

Plusieurs études récentes rattachent la réflexion stratégique autour du cyberespace à celles plus générales concernant les « espaces communs ». Or, notre approche de l’espace numérique nous amène à mettre en doute cette analyse, puisqu’il n’est pas non-approprié mais multi-approprié. En ce sens, le domaine numérique fait l’objet d’une appropriation par une multi­plicité d’acteurs, étatiques et non-étatiques, placés ici sur des plans horizon­taux ou parallèles. Les hiérarchies traditionnelles s’en trouvent profondément bouleversées, ce qui a nécessairement un impact dans l’ensemble des autres domaines stratégiques. D’où la nécessité pour la pensée stratégique d’adopter une approche globale du cyberespace (politique, géopolitique, juridique, mais aussi sociologique, anthropologique), qui ne se cantonne pas à une analyse strictement technique.
The origin of cultivated buckwheat in Mankang district of the Sanjiang area of Eastern Tibet and its diffusion to India and the Himalayan hills / Izvor gojene ajde na območju distrikta Mankang območja Sanjiang Vzhodnega Tibeta in razširitev v Indijo ...
Authors: Ohnishi Ohmi 
Published: June 2020

Natural populations of the wild ancestor of cultivated common buckwheat were searched and collected, starting from its discovery in1990 and finishing the collections in 2005. Among the collections, the samples Zhuka, Xihe from Mankang district of Tibet are most closely related to cultivated common buckwheat. On the other hand, cultivated populations of common buckwheat in Zhouba, Zhubalong both from Mankang district are most closely related with the wild ancestor of common buckwheat. This leads to the hypothesis on the origin of cultivated buckwheat in Mankang district in the Sanjiang area. The diffusion route from the original birthplace to India and the Himalayan hills is proposed. Several characteristics of Indian and Himalayan common buckwheat are discussed. A main conclusion of the discussion is that European buckwheat is not of Indian origin nor of the Himalayan origin. It probably came from the northern China through the Silk Road.
Key words: buckwheat, wild ancestor, origin, diffusion, India, Himalaya, short day plant

Izvleček
Iskali in zbirali so naravne populacije divjega prednika gojene navadne ajde, začeli so leta 1990 in zaključili 2005. Med zbranimi vzorci je bil vzorec Zhuka, Xihe iz Mankanga, Tibet, najbolj soroden gojeni navadni ajdi. Po drugi strani, vzorca gojenih ajd iz Zhouba in Zhubalonga, oboje iz Mankanga, so najbolj sorodni divjemu predniku navadne ajde. Na osnovi tega lahko oblikujemo hipotezo o izvoru gojene ajde v Mankangu na območju Sanjianga. Pot širjenja od prvotnega izvora v Indijo in na območja gorovja Himalaje je predlagana v tej razpravi. Avtor opisuje lastnosti navadne ajde v Indiji in na območju Himalaje. Glavni zaključek je, da ajda v Evropi ne izvira iz Indije ali z območja Himalaje. Verjetno je v Evropo prišla iz Severne Kitajske po Svilni poti.
Ključne besede: ajda, divji prednik, izvor, razširjanje, Indija, Himalaja, rastlina kratkega dne
Using Normative Data and Unilateral Hopping Tests to Reduce Ambiguity in Return-to-Play Decisions
Authors: Madsen Leif P. , Booth Raya L. , Volz James D. , Docherty Carrie L. 
Published: June 2020

Context
After a lower extremity injury, patients often return to sport (RTS) when the injured limb's performance on unilateral hopping tests is similar to that of the uninjured limb. However, the exact target symmetry value patients must reach before the RTS is unclear.

Objective
To identify variables that predict limb symmetry index (LSI) values on 6 unilateral hopping tests in healthy, physically active adults.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
In total, 275 healthy, physically active adults, consisting of recreational athletes (n = 198), National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes (n = 56), and Army Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets (n = 21), volunteered to participate (143 men, 132 women, age = 20.16 ± 2.19 years, height = 172.66 ± 10.22 cm, weight = 72.64 ± 14.29 kg).

Intervention(s)
Each participant completed 3 speed (6-m crossover-hop, side-hop, figure-8 hop) and 3 distance (triple–crossover-hop, lateral-hop, medial-hop) functional performance tests on both limbs.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Mean performance of the dominant and nondominant limbs and LSI values. Two multiple regression models were used to find variables that might help to predict a participant's LSI for each functional performance test.

Results
The models helped to predict limb symmetry for 10 of the 12 multiple regressions. Unilateral limb performance was the best predictor of LSI values, as it was statistically significant in 11 of the 12 regression models. Sex and body mass index were significant predictor variables for the side hop and figure-8 hop, respectively.

Conclusions
We found significant predictor variables that clinicians can use in the absence of baseline testing to determine patient-specific LSI values. Individualizing RTS decisions in this way may help to minimize subjectivity in the decision-making process and ensure a safe and timely return to competition.
Twin-Center Study Comparing Stigma Among Males and Females with Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Sadashiv Megha , Kakunje Anil , Karkal Ravichandra , Ganganna Sadashivaiah H 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Alcohol dependence is a complex disorder that affects brain function and behavior, characterized by impaired functioning, causing considerable harm to the individuals with the disorders and to society as a whole. Stigma associated with substance use is considered a significant barrier to detection and treatment efforts, and research is needed to understand and address this issue. This study aimed to assess and compare stigma among males and females with alcohol dependence.

Methods:
The twin-center study involved 70 patients with alcohol dependence, which included 35 males and 35 females from the Department of Psychiatry, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, and Abyudaya Center for Humanity and Rural Development, Integrated Rehabilitation Center for Addiction, Tumkur, India. The mean age of males was 39.14 years and females 41.00 years. The Substance Use Stigma Mechanisms Scale was used to assess stigma. The study had outpatients and inpatients who were above 18 years of age and diagnosed with alcohol dependence as per the ICD-10 criteria, not under the influence of alcohol at the time of interview and without any comorbid psychiatric illness except nicotine dependence.

Results:
The study showed anticipated stigma more in females (mean: 2.30) compared to males (mean: 1.91) which could be a significant factor for treatment-seeking behavior. Internalized stigma was more in males (mean: 3.84) compared to females (mean: 2.90). Enacted stigma did not show a significant difference between the two genders in our study.

Conclusion:
Persons with alcohol dependence experience stigma, and we found that there is a gender difference. Stigma associated with substance use is considered a significant barrier to detection and treatment efforts. Understanding various aspects of stigma will help in providing better management.
Push and pull factors impacting visitors’ loyalty: A case of Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens
Authors: Sinh Nguyen Hoang , Anh Ngo Thi Phuong 
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to build and test the model of the relationship between push and pull factors and visitors’ loyalty to botanic park, a case of Saigon Zoo and Botanical Gardens in Vietnam. The previous studies were used to build and then test the model in which 185 usable responses from botanic park visitors were analyzed among 200 collected responses. The ﬁndings contribute to the current literature of park tourism by indicating that push (β = .246) and pull (β = .619) factors have a direct impact on visitors’ loyalty.
The study has its implications in park management that focuses on the motivational factors and the psychological reasons why people visit botanic parks to create suitable marketing programs to target them.