bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theorizing Beyond “The Code of Capital”: A Reply
Authors: Pistor Katharina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this reply, I respond to and elaborate on the critique of my book “The Code of Capital” published in this special issue. The common thread of the critiques is the call for more theorizing of the themes the book addresses, especially the conception of state power, of resources, social relations and questions of knowledge and access to knowledge about the law, or epistemology. This reply is only a first response to issues that do require further analysis and I am hoping to follow suit on at least some of them in the near future.
Fast and robust optically pumped cesium magnetometer
Authors: Lebedev Victor , Hartwig Stefan , Middelmann Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a fast and robust optically pumped magnetometer that is based on a feedback-controlled spin ensemble of cesium atoms in spin-polarized vapor. The table-top system is intended for operation in unshielded environment, and its design allows conversion into a handheld sensor head. Under strongly disturbed environmental conditions in the laboratory, the sensor exhibits a speed of more than 56 kHz, while having a slew rate of 39 mT/s and a full dynamic range of 10 – 120 μT. Under these conditions a sensitivity of 33

pT

/

Hz

$\text{pT}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$

is reached. By reducing the speed to 3.6 kHz the sensitivity can be improved to 6

pT

/

Hz

$\text{pT}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$

, which is close to the shot noise limit. We describe the sensor design and its optimization and demonstrate the performance of the sensor under conditions appropriate for magnetic susceptometry measurements.
Why to speak French to French speakers? Outgroup vitality, motivation and linguistic accommodation in the Aosta Valley
Authors: Vincze Laszlo , Gasiorek Jessica , Dragojevic Marko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Using a communication accommodation theory framework, the purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between perceived French vitality, cognitive and affective motivations for convergence, French skills, and convergence to French speakers among a group of young Italian speakers in the Aosta-Valley, Italy. Questionnaire data were collected among secondary school students in the city of Aosta (N = 169). The findings indicated that perceived French vitality resulted in greater cognitive motivation for speaking French, which, in turn, led to an increased use of French with French speakers. Additionally, and contrary to expectations, cognitive motivation had a greater impact on actual language use among those who reported poor French skills than among those reporting good French skills. At the same time, and also contrary to expectations, affective motivation did not predict language choice. Findings and implications are discussed in relation the bilingual accommodation.
The Effect of Health Insurance on Young Adult HIV Testing: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act Dependent Coverage Mandate
Authors: Gamino Aaron M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
I examine the effect of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act dependent coverage mandate on young adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing using a birth cohort analysis. I find that targeted young adults are 3.6 percentage points more likely to report ever having an HIV test. I find larger, but not significantly different, effects for males and for individuals in states without mandatory pre-test counseling.
Injectable bioactive glass-based pastes for potential use in bone tissue repair
Authors: Tulyaganov Dilshat U. , Akbarov Avzal , Ziyadullaeva Nigora , Khabilov Bekhzod , Baino Francesco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, injectable pastes based on a clinically-tested bioactive glass and glycerol (used as organic carrier) were produced and characterized for further application in regenerative medicine. The paste preparation route, apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, viscoelastic behavior and structural features revealed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were presented and discussed, also on the basis of the major experimental data obtained in previous studies. A mechanism illustrating the chemical interaction between bioactive glass and glycerol was proposed to support the bioactivity mechanism of injectable pastes. Then, the results of In vivo tests, conducted through injecting moldable paste into osseous defects made in rabbit’s femur, were reported. Animal studies revealed good osteoconductivity and bone bonding that occurred initially at the interface between the glass and the host bone, and further supported the suitability of these bioactive glass pastes in bone regenerative medicine.
Studying of the promotion mechanism of Bacillus subtilis QM3 on wheat seed germination based on β-amylase
Authors: Li Ya-Jing , Hu Qing-Ping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe response of β-amylase in early stage germination of wheat seeds toBacillus subtilisQM3 was mainly focused on to elucidate the promotion mechanism ofB. subtilisQM3. The results showed that the changes in apparent activity of amylase and endosperm liquefaction after the strain QM3 treatment were much more obvious than that of the control group; the activity of β-amylase treated with the different concentrations of the strain QM3 increased significantly (P< 0.05) by 4% (107 CFU/mL) and 18.5% (106 CFU/mL) at the germination 6 h. Moreover, after presoaking with α-cyclodextrin, the activity of β-amylase increased significantly (P< 0.05) by 18.5% (107 CFU/mL) and 23.4% (106 CFU/mL) at the same stage of germination; the electrophoretogram of β-amylase isoenzymes showed that there is a growing trend in brightness and width of the band during the early germination from 3 to 6 h of wheat seed treated by the strain QM3 (106 CFU/mL). The increase in activity and isoenzyme expression of β-amylase may be one of the important reasons to promote the germination of wheat seeds after being treated byB. subtilisQM3.
The effect of attentional focusing strategies on EMG-based classification
Authors: Ay Ayse Nur , Yildiz Mustafa Zahid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Earlier studies showed that external focusing enhances motor performance and reduces muscular activity compare to internal one. However, low activity is not always desired especially in case of Human-Machine Interface applications. This study is based on investigating the effects of attentional focusing preferences on EMG based control systems. For the EMG measurements via biceps brachii muscles, 35 subjects were asked to perform weight-lifting under control, external and internal focus conditions. The difference between external and internal focusing was found to be significant and internal focus enabled higher EMG activity. Besides, six statistical features, namely, RMS, maximum, minimum, mean, standard deviation, and variance were extracted from both time and frequency domains to be used as inputs for Artificial Neural Network classifiers. The results found to be 87.54% for ANN1 and 82.69% for ANN2, respectively. These findings showed that one’s focus of attention would be predicted during the performance and unlike the literature, internal focusing could be also useful when it is used as an input for HMI studies. Therefore, attentional focusing might be an important strategy not only for performance improvement to human movement but also for advancing the study of EMG-based control mechanisms.
Molecular analysis confirms Laurenciella marilzae (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae) in the Mediterranean Sea, a species often misidentified as Laurencia dendroidea
Authors: Serio Donatella , Furnari Giovanni , Metti Yola 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
It was noted that Mediterranean specimens collected at different stations from around Sicily, Italy and referred to as Laurencia dendroidea (as Laurencia majuscula) were similar to the recently described species Laurenciella marilzae. Presented in this study are the results of an integrative approach using both morphology and molecular data (COI-5P + rbcL) to establish which taxon these specimens should be referred to. Molecular analyses show these specimens belong to Laurenciella, and strongly suggest they are within the species L. marilzae. Morphological examinations of these Mediterranean specimens were also detailed and found to support the conclusion that they belong to L. marilzae.
The influence of migratory birds on the distribution of the seagrass Zostera japonica
Authors: Sato Fumiyuki , Tanaka Satoshi , Kirihara Shinji , Tanaka Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Grazing pressure by animals can change the distribution and biomass of seagrass. We examined grazing pressure by conducting transect surveys and acquiring aerial images by drone before and after the arrival of migratory birds along the Asadokoro tide flats, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. The distribution and biomass of the seagrass Zostera japonica decreased sharply between October and November 2018, which was when migrating waterfowl arrived. We hypothesized that grazing pressure by migrating birds such as the Anatidae, including whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) and brent geese (Branta bernicla), had a major effect on the decline in Z. japonica in late October. Shortly after the Anatidae arrived, most of the Z. japonica in the shallows disappeared, including the belowground parts. The abundance of Z. japonica in this area was insufficient to support wintering swans. Swans likely need food other than Z. japonica for overwintering.
Physiological and structural responses of the seagrassCymodocea nodosato titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure
Authors: Mylona Zoi , Panteris Emmanuel , Kevrekidis Theodoros , Malea Paraskevi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe extensive application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) has raised concern about its environmental risks. The present study aims to elucidate TiO2NP ecotoxicity, by assessing effects on seagrasses at environmentally relevant concentrations. Changes in physiological and structural cell traits ofCymodocea nodosaleaves, treated with TiO2NPs at 0.0015–1.5 mg l−1for eight consecutive days, were investigated. Intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased significantly, even early during the lowest exposure, despite an up-regulation of H2O2-scavenging enzyme activity. Actin filaments (AFs) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were affected in a concentration- and time-dependent pattern, while no changes in microtubule organization and cell ultrastructure were detected. The lowest effect concentrations for AF and ER impairment were 0.15 and 1.5 mg l−1, respectively; for cell death, these were 0.15–1.5 mg l−1, depending on leaf age, and for leaf elongation inhibition 0.15 mg l−1. Thus, elevated H2O2level can be considered as an early warning biomarker for TiO2NPs, while leaf elongation, AF and ER impairment are also reliable indicators. A risk quotient greater than 1 was estimated; thus, TiO2NPs might present a significant potential environmental risk. Our findings can be utilized for monitoring pollution levels in coastal environments.
Urine soluble CD163 (sCD163) as biomarker in glomerulonephritis: stability, reference interval and diagnostic performance
Authors: Nielsen Anne J. , Nielsen Marlene C. , Birn Henrik , Ivarsen Per , Møller Holger J. , Hviid Claus V. B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Soluble (s) CD163 is a well-established macrophage biomarker, and recent data suggests urine sCD163 to reflect disease activity in crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN). Other types of GN may also be associated with glomerular inflammation but the potential usefulness of urine sCD163 as a general biomarker of GN remains unaddressed.

Methods
An in-house sCD163 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was validated for urinary use and compared to a frequently used commercial ELISA. The pre-analytical stability of urine sCD163 was assessed and a reference interval was established according to the CLSI guidelines using specimens from 253 healthy individuals. Urine samples from 64 patients with different types of renal disorders were also analysed.

Results
Urine sCD163 was highly stable during storage. An upper reference limit of 5.1 μg/L (1.9 μg/mmol, normalised to creatinine) was established using the in-house ELISA. Urine sCD163 was generally increased in GN patients (3.9 μg/mmol, p<0.0001, AUROC=0.97) and decreased upon treatment, but did not perform better than urine albumin (AUROC=1.00). Patients with proliferative GN had higher urine sCD163/albumin (p=0.0001) ratio. The commercial assay had a higher detection limit, and patient levels were 4–6 times lower than in the in-house assay.

Conclusions
Urine sCD163 is a stable biomarker that can be measured with acceptable accuracy using our in-house ELISA. Its pre-analytical characteristics makes it a reliable biomarker and our findings point towards the use of urine sCD163 as a biomarker of specific subtypes of GN.
Comparison of iohexol plasma clearance formulas vs. inulin urinary clearance for measuring glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Dubourg Laurence , Lemoine Sandrine , Joannard Brune , Chardon Laurence , de Souza Vandréa , Cochat Pierre , Iwaz Jean , Rabilloud Muriel , Selistre Luciano 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The one-compartment iohexol plasma clearance has been proposed as a reliable alternative to renal inulin clearance. However, this method’s performance depends on the formula used to calculate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study reports on performance comparisons between various mathematical formulas proposed for iohexol plasma clearance vs. inulin urinary clearance.

Methods
GFR was simultaneously determined by inulin and iohexol clearance in 144 participants (age: 10–84 years; glomerular filtration rate: 15–169 mL/min/1.73 m2). A retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the performance of four formulas proposed to calculate plasma iohexol clearance (Brøchner–Mortensen, Fleming et al., Jødal–Brøchner–Mortensen, and Ng–Schwartz–Munoz). The performance of each formula was assessed using bias, precision (standard deviation of the bias), accuracy (percentage iohexol within 5, 10, and 15%), root mean square error, and concordance correlation coefficient vs. renal inulin clearance as reference.

Results
Regarding accuracy, there was no difference in root mean square error (RMSE), P5, P10, or P15 between the four formulas. The four concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) between the value from each formula and in-GFR were high and not significantly different. At in-GFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2, Ng–Schwartz–Munoz formula performed slightly better than other formulas regarding median bias (−0.5; 95% CI [−3.0 to 2.0] and accuracy P15 (95.0; 95% CI [88.0–100.0]).

Conclusions
The studied formulas were found equivalent in terms of precision and accuracy, but the Ng–Schwartz–Munoz formula improved the accuracy at higher levels of in-GFR.
Re-examining ferritin-bound iron: current and developing clinical tools
Authors: Grant Erin S. , Clucas Danielle B. , McColl Gawain , Hall Liam T. , Simpson David A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Iron is a highly important metal ion cofactor within the human body, necessary for haemoglobin synthesis, and required by a wide range of enzymes for essential metabolic processes. Iron deficiency and overload both pose significant health concerns and are relatively common world-wide health hazards. Effective measurement of total iron stores is a primary tool for both identifying abnormal iron levels and tracking changes in clinical settings. Population based data is also essential for tracking nutritional trends. This review article provides an overview of the strengths and limitations associated with current techniques for diagnosing iron status, which sets a basis to discuss the potential of a new serum marker – ferritin-bound iron – and the improvement it could offer to iron assessment.
Analytical assessment of ortho clinical diagnostics high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay
Authors: Kavsak Peter A. , Edge Tara , Roy Chantele , Malinowski Paul , Bamford Karen , Clark Lorna , Lamers Shana , Hill Stephen , Worster Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To analytically evaluate Ortho Clinical Diagnostics VITROS high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assay in specific matrices with comparison to other hs-cTn assays.

Methods
The limit of detection (LoD), imprecision, interference and stability testing for both serum and lithium heparin (Li-Hep) plasma for the VITROS hs-cTnI assay was determined. We performed Passing-Bablok regression analyses between sample types for the VITROS hs-cTnI assay and compared them to the Abbott ARCHITECT, Beckman Access and the Siemens ADVIA Centaur hs-cTnI assays. We also performed Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses with the area under the curve (AUC) determined in an emergency department (ED)-study population (n=131) for myocardial infarction (MI).

Results
The VITROS hs-cTnI LoD was 0.73 ng/L (serum) and 1.4 ng/L (Li-Hep). Stability up to five freeze-thaws was observed for the Ortho hs-cTnI assay, with the analyte stability at room temperature in serum superior to Li-Hep with gross hemolysis also affecting Li-Hep plasma hs-cTnI results. Comparison of Li-Hep to serum concentrations (n=202), yielded proportionally lower concentrations in plasma with the VITROS hs-cTnI assay (slope=0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.83–0.88). In serum, the VITROS hs-cTnI concentrations were proportionally lower compared to other hs-cTnI assays, with similar slopes observed between assays in samples frozen <−70 °C for 17 years (ED-study) or in 2020. In the ED-study, the VITROS hs-cTnI assay had an AUC of 0.974 (95%CI:0.929–0.994) for MI, similar to the AUCs of other hs-cTn assays.

Conclusions
Lack of standardization of hs-cTnI assays across manufacturers is evident. The VITROS hs-cTnI assay yields lower concentrations compared to other hs-cTnI assays. Important differences exist between Li-Hep plasma and serum, with evidence of stability and excellent clinical performance comparable to other hs-cTn assays.
Diagnostic and prognostic role of presepsin in patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infection
Authors: Ferrarese Alberto , Frigo Anna Chiara , Mion Monica Maria , Plebani Mario , Russo Francesco Paolo , Germani Giacomo , Gambato Martina , Cillo Umberto , Cattelan Annamaria , Burra Patrizia , Senzolo Marco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Serum biomarkers have suboptimal accuracy for the early diagnosis of bacterial infection (BI) in cirrhosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of presepsin (PSP) in a cohort of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis.

Methods
All adult cirrhotics admitted between 03.2016 and 06.2019 were consecutively evaluated. PSP was measured using chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, and its accuracy was compared with that of common biomarkers.

Results
A total of 278 cirrhotic patients for a total of 448 hospitalizations were prospectively collected. Prevalence of BI at admission was 28.3%. Median (range) Log10PSP in the whole cohort was 2.83 (2.48–3.19) ng/L, significantly higher in patients with BI than in patients without (p<0.001). For a cutoff value of 2.87 ng/L, Log10PSP showed sensitivity, specificity and AUC-ROC of 0.66 (95% CI 0.57–0.74), 0.63 (95% CI 0.57–0.68) and 0.69 (95% CI 0.63–0.73), lower than that of C-reactive protein (p=0.002), but similar to procalcitonin (p=0.18) Patients with BI at hospitalization had higher probability of 28-day mortality (sub-hazard ratio [sHR] 2.65;95% CI 1.49–4.70; p=0.001). At multivariate Cox’s regression analysis, Log10PSP (sHR 2.4; 95% CI 1.22–4.82; p=0.01) together with age and severity of liver disease, was an independent predictor of short-term mortality.

Conclusions
PSP shows low diagnostic accuracy for BI in cirrhosis, but it is an independent predictor of short-term mortality. PSP may be a biomarker of systemic inflammation, commonly seen in end-stage liver disease.
Development, evaluation, and validation of machine learning models for COVID-19 detection based on routine blood tests
Authors: Cabitza Federico , Campagner Andrea , Ferrari Davide , Di Resta Chiara , Ceriotti Daniele , Sabetta Eleonora , Colombini Alessandra , De Vecchi Elena , Banfi Giuseppe , Locatelli Massimo , Carobene Anna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The rRT-PCR test, the current gold standard for the detection of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), presents with known shortcomings, such as long turnaround time, potential shortage of reagents, false-negative rates around 15–20%, and expensive equipment. The hematochemical values of routine blood exams could represent a faster and less expensive alternative.

Methods
Three different training data set of hematochemical values from 1,624 patients (52% COVID-19 positive), admitted at San Raphael Hospital (OSR) from February to May 2020, were used for developing machine learning (ML) models: the complete OSR dataset (72 features: complete blood count (CBC), biochemical, coagulation, hemogasanalysis and CO-Oxymetry values, age, sex and specific symptoms at triage) and two sub-datasets (COVID-specific and CBC dataset, 32 and 21 features respectively). 58 cases (50% COVID-19 positive) from another hospital, and 54 negative patients collected in 2018 at OSR, were used for internal-external and external validation.

Results
We developed five ML models: for the complete OSR dataset, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the algorithms ranged from 0.83 to 0.90; for the COVID-specific dataset from 0.83 to 0.87; and for the CBC dataset from 0.74 to 0.86. The validations also achieved good results: respectively, AUC from 0.75 to 0.78; and specificity from 0.92 to 0.96.

Conclusions
ML can be applied to blood tests as both an adjunct and alternative method to rRT-PCR for the fast and cost-effective identification of COVID-19-positive patients. This is especially useful in developing countries, or in countries facing an increase in contagions.
The clinical relevance of anti-dsDNA antibodies determined by the Elia™ dsDNA assay in patients with negative indirect immunofluorescence on the HEp-2 cell
Authors: Robier Christoph , Haas Maximiliane , Quehenberger Franz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Data on the clinical importance of the detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies in patients with negative indirect immunofluorescence on the HEp-2 cell (IIF) are sparse and are especially not available for all common commercially available assays. This study aimed to assess the clinical significance of anti-dsDNA antibodies determined by the Elia™ dsDNA assay in patients with negative IIF.

Methods
We retrospectively examined the medical records of 234 consecutive subjects with detectable anti-dsDNA antibodies determined by the Elia™ dsDNA assay.

Results
A total of 124 subjects with detectable anti-dsDNA autoantibodies were IIF-negative, but yielded positive or borderline results in the Elia™ CTD screen assay for antinuclear antibodies (ANA). Within this group, 6/49 IIF-negative patients (12%) with ANA-associated systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders (AASARD) and 118/185 subjects (64%) with various other diseases (Non-AASARD) were identified. There was no statistically significant difference with regard to the concentrations of anti-dsDNA antibodies (p=0.53) between the AASARD and the Non-AASARD group. Within the AASARD group, four patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, treated), discoid lupus erythematosus (untreated), indetermined connective tissue disease (untreated) and polymyositis (treated) had positive anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, whereas two patients with treated SLE, thereby one in remission, had borderline concentrations of anti-dsDNA antibodies.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies in IIF-negative patients can be of clinical relevance in some cases. Our results further support the combined use of IIF and solid-phase assays in screening algorithms for ANA, in order to avoid overlooking potentially important autoantibody entities.