bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Main‐Group Metallocenophanes
Authors: Wirtz Lisa , Schäfer André 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetallocenes with interlinked cyclopentadienide ligands are commonly referred to as ansa‐metallocenes or metallocenophanes. These can have drastically different properties than their unbridged parent compounds. While this concept is best known for transition metals such as iron, it can also be adopted for many main‐group elements. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the field of metallocenophanes based on main‐group elements of group 2, group 13, group 14 and group 15, focusing on synthesis, structure and properties of these compounds.
Chemical Communication between Organometallic Single‐Chain Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Kobernik Victoria , Berkovich Inbal , Levy Avishai , Lemcoff N. Gabriel , Diesendruck Charles E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChemical communication between macromolecules was studied by observing the controlled single chain collapse that ensues the exchange of a metal cross‐linker between two polymer chains. The rhodium (I) organometallic cross‐linker transfer from a low molecular weight collapsed polybutadiene to a larger polymer was followed using size exclusion chromatography. The increased effective molarity in the larger polymer seems to be the driving force for the metal migration. Thus, we demonstrate here a strategy for transferring a molecular signal that induces chain collapse of a polymer chain based on non‐covalent interactions, mimicking biological behaviors reminiscent of signal transductions in proteins.
Mechanisms and conditions that affect phase inversion processes: A review
Authors: Maffi Juan M. , Meira Gregorio R. , Estenoz Diana A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe phenomenon of phase inversion occurs in liquid‐liquid dispersions found in a variety of chemical engineering fields. From simple oil‐water mixtures to complex polymeric systems, the operating variables that affect this physical phenomenon are discussed in this work. The contribution on this matter by a large number of researchers is critically assessed, outlining both coherent and conflicting results. A detailed review of the mechanisms by which phase inversion takes place is also provided. While this subject has been studied for the past 50 years, this multivariate nonlinear process is not yet comprehensively understood, and this review article aims to describe the conclusions so far reached to provide insight for future research.
Isolated progression of metastatic lung cancer: Clinical outcomes associated with definitive radiotherapy
Authors: Friedes Cole , Mai Nicholas , Fu Wei , Hu Chen , Hazell Sarah Z. , Han Peijin , McNutt Todd R. , Forde Patrick M. , Redmond Kristin J. , Voong K. Ranh , Hales Russell K. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundProgressive, metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often requires the initiation of new systemic therapy. However, in patients with NSCLC that is oligoprogressive (≤3 lesions), local radiotherapy (RT) may allow for the eradication of resistant microclones and, therefore, the continuation of otherwise effective systemic therapy.MethodsPatients treated from 2008 to 2019 with definitive doses of RT to all sites of intracranial or extracranial oligoprogression without a change in systemic therapy were identified. Radiographic progression‐free survival (rPFS) and time to new therapy (TNT) were measured. Associations between baseline clinical and treatment‐related variables were correlated with progression‐free survival via Cox proportional hazards modeling.ResultsAmong 198 unique patients, 253 oligoprogressive events were identified. Intracranial progression occurred in 51% of the patients, and extracranial progression occurred in 49%. In the entire cohort, the median rPFS was 7.9 months (95% CI, 6.5‐10.0 months), and the median TNT was 8.8 months (95% CI, 7.2‐10.9 months). On adjusted modeling, patients with the following disease characteristics were associated with better rPFS: better performance status (P = .003), fewer metastases (P = .03), longer time to oligoprogression (P = .009), and fewer previous systemic therapies (P = .02). Having multiple sites of oligoprogression was associated with worse rPFS (P < .001).ConclusionsIn select patients with oligoprogression, definitive RT is a feasible treatment option to delay the initiation of next‐line systemic therapies, which have more limited response rates and efficacy. Further randomized prospective data may help to validate these findings and identify which patients are most likely to benefit.
Nanoparticulate RNA delivery systems in cancer
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Jha Niraj Kumar , Dahiya Kajal , Singh Vivek Kumar , Chaurasiya Kundan , Jha Aditya Narayan , Jha Saurabh Kumar , Mishra Prabhu Chandra , Dholpuria Sunny , Astya Rani , Nand Parma , Kumar Amit , Ruokolainen Janne , Kesari Kavindra Kumar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDrug delivery system is a common practice in cancer treatment. RNA interference‐mediated post‐transcriptional gene silencing holds promise as an approach to knockdown in the expression of target genes responsible for cancer cell growth and metastasis. RNA interference (RNAi) can be achieved by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to target cells. Since neither interfering RNAs can be delivered in naked form due to poor stability, an efficient delivery system is required that protects, guides, and delivers the siRNA and shRNA to target cells as part of cancer therapy (chemotherapy).Recent findingsIn this review, a discussion is presented about the different types of drug delivery system used to deliver siRNA and shRNA, together with an overview of the potential benefits associated with this sophisticated biomolecular therapy. Improved understanding of the different approaches used in nanoparticle (NP) fabrication, along with an enhanced appreciation of the biochemical properties of siRNA/shRNA, will assist in developing improved drug delivery strategies in basic and clinical research.ConclusionThese novel delivery techniques are able to solve the problems that form an inevitable part of delivering genes in more efficient manner and as part of more effective treatment protocols. The present review concludes that the nanoparticulate RNA delivery system has great possibility for cancer treatment along with several other proposed methods. Several NPs or nanocarriers are already in use, but the methods proposed here could fulfill the missing gap in cancer research. It is the future technology, which unravels the mystery of resolving genomic diseases that is, especially genomic instability and its signaling cascades.
The Effect of Heteroatom Doping on Nickel Cobalt Oxide Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Reactions
Authors: Belkessam Celia , Bencherif Selma , Mechouet Mourad , Idiri Naima , Ghilane Jalal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of nickel cobalt oxide materials and their electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions are reported. Nickel cobalt oxides were synthesized in a sol‐gel process with different precursors, namely nitrate, sulfate, and chloride. Structural analyses show that the structures have mesoporous morphologies and indicate the formation of nickel cobalt oxide spinel structures with a size ranging from 35 to 65 nm. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties differ depending on the nature of the selected precursors, including the materials’ morphology and the chemical composition. Electrocatalytic investigations demonstrate that the catalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) could be modulated between two‐ and four‐electron pathways, depending on the precursors used. The Cl−NiCoO sample displays a selective two‐electron reduction of O2, with H2O2 production higher than 90 %. The sample prepared using sulfate displays the highest performance toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with a low overpotential value (0.34 V) to drive a current density of 10 mA.cm−1. Overall, these results confirm that the chemical composition of the precursor used during the nanomaterials synthesis can be used to tune the electrocatalytic performances toward ORR and OER.
High‐Throughput Cellular RNA Sequencing (HiCAR‐Seq): Cost‐Effective, High‐Throughput 3′ mRNA‐Seq Method Enabling Individual Sample Quality Control
Authors: Veeranagouda Yaligara , Zachayus Jean‐Luc , Guillemot Jean‐Claude , Venier Olivier , Didier Michel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh‐throughput screening is one of the pillars of drug development. Unbiased transcriptome profiling is now widely used for a deeper understanding of a drug's mechanisms of action, off target effects, and cytotoxicity. Although currently available high‐throughput RNA‐Seq (HT RNA‐Seq) methods such as PLATE‐Seq, DRUG‐Seq, and BRB‐Seq serve these purposes, the inherent nature of these methods does not allow sample‐wise sequencing library quality control. Here, we describe an HTR method called High‐throughput CellulAr RNA Sequencing (HiCAR‐Seq). HiCAR‐Seq was optimized to work directly on cultured cells (as little as 1,000 cells) or 10 ng of total RNA. HiCAR‐Seq involves reverse transcription from cultured cells or total RNA using oligo‐dT primers followed by the PCR amplification of full‐length cDNAs using sample‐specific barcode primers in individual plate wells. Amplification of cDNA from every sample can be verified using Bioanalyzer. This step not only reveals cDNA amplification but also provides greater precision for pooling equal concentrations of cDNA from different samples. A single pooled cDNA library is made suitable for sequencing on Illumina sequencers using a tagmentation kit. Because HiCAR‐Seq targets a small region at the 3′ of the mRNAs, as little as 3 to 4 million reads/sample are enough to infer changes in gene expression in human or mouse cells. We believe that HiCAR‐Seq represents a robust and competitive addition to the existing set of transcriptome‐based high‐throughput screening methods. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: cDNA synthesis and barcoding/enrichment PCRBasic Protocol 2: Nextera tagmentation/amplification, quantification, and sequencing
Fine‐Tuning the Physicochemical and Electroluminescence Properties of Multiply‐Substituted Bipolar Carbazoles by Functional Group Juggling
Authors: Konidena Rajendra Kumar , Thomas K. R. Justin , Dubey Deepak Kumar , Sahoo Snehasis , Jou Jwo‐Huei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe nature of chromophores often plays a decisive role in imparting properties to functional materials. In this work, we demonstrate that the position of the chromophoric unit on the carbazole core is crucial to tune the photophysical and electroluminescence properties. A series of bipolar compounds featuring carbazole donor and cyano acceptor groups are used as model compounds to evaluate the proposed hypothesis. It is revealed that the conjugation connectivity and chromophore density significantly affects the functional properties of the dyes. A compound featuring carbazole on the C2 and C7 positions of a carbazole core displayed a more bathochromic absorption band than its structural isomer with carbazole on C1 and C8 positions. A major change in emission properties is achieved on changing the position of the carbazole and cyano units on carbazole nucleus. The emission spectra of the dyes are sensitive to solvent polarity and displayed positive solvatochromism attributable to the photoinduced charge transfer from the peripheral carbazole donor to the cyano acceptor. They are demonstrated as dopant emitters in solution‐processed multilayer organic light emitting devices and exhibited deep‐blue or sky‐blue emission with CIE coordinates varying in the range: 0.14≤x≤0.20, 0.07≤y≤0.16. A compound containing a carbazole donor on C3 and C6 and a cyano acceptor on C2 and C7 positions of the carbazole core exhibited the best performance in an OLED with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.4 %.
Antibacterial azole derivatives: Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and in silico mechanistic studies
Authors: Sari Suat , Avci Ahmet , Koçak Ebru , Kart Didem , Sabuncuoğlu Suna , Doğan İnci Selin , Özdemir Zeynep , Bozbey İrem , Karakurt Arzu , Saraç Selma , Dalkara Sevim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAzole antifungal drugs are commonly used in antifungal chemotherapy. Antibacterial effects of some topical antifungals, such as miconazole and econazole, have lately been revealed, which suggests a promising venue in antimicrobial chemotherapy. In this study, we tested an in‐house azole collection with antifungal properties for their antibacterial activity to identify dual‐acting hits using the broth microdilution method. The in vitro screen yielded a number of potent derivatives against gram‐positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Compound 73's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value less than 1 μg/ml against S. aureus; however, none of the compounds showed noteworthy activity against methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA). All the active compounds were found safe at their MIC values against the healthy fibroblast cells in the in vitro cytotoxicity test. Molecular docking studies of the most active compounds using a set of docking programs with flavohemoglobin (flavoHb) structure, the proposed target of the azole antifungals with antibacterial activity, presented striking similarities regarding the binding modes and interactions between the tested compounds and the antifungal drugs with crystallographic data. In addition to being noncytotoxic, the library was predicted to be drug‐like and free of pan‐assay interference compounds (PAINS). As a result, the current study revealed several potential azole derivatives with both antifungal and antibacterial activities. Inhibition of bacterial flavoHb was suggested as a possible mechanism of action for the title compounds.
Notch and Bmp signaling pathways act coordinately during the formation of the proepicardium
Authors: Andrés‐Delgado Laura , Galardi‐Castilla María , Münch Juliane , Peralta Marina , Ernst Alexander , González‐Rosa Juan Manuel , Tessadori Federico , Santamaría Luis , Bakkers Jeroen , Vermot Julien , de la Pompa José Luis , Mercader Nadia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe epicardium is the outer mesothelial layer of the heart. It encloses the myocardium and plays key roles in heart development and regeneration. It derives from the proepicardium (PE), cell clusters that appear in the dorsal pericardium (DP) close to the atrioventricular canal and the venous pole of the heart, and are released into the pericardial cavity. PE cells are advected around the beating heart until they attach to the myocardium. Bmp and Notch signaling influence PE formation, but it is unclear how both signaling pathways interact during this process in the zebrafish.ResultsHere, we show that the developing PE is influenced by Notch signaling derived from the endothelium. Overexpression of the intracellular receptor of notch in the endothelium enhances bmp expression, increases the number of pSmad1/5 positive cells in the DP and PE, and enhances PE formation. On the contrary, pharmacological inhibition of Notch1 impairs PE formation. bmp2b overexpression can rescue loss of PE formation in the presence of a Notch1 inhibitor, but Notch gain‐of‐function could not recover PE formation in the absence of Bmp signaling.ConclusionsEndothelial Notch signaling activates bmp expression in the heart tube, which in turn induces PE cluster formation from the DP layer.
Soil biota increase the likelihood for coexistence among competing plant species
Authors: Stein Claudia , Mangan Scott A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTheory predicts that stable species coexistence will occur when population growth rates of competitively dominant species are suppressed when at high conspecific density. Although there is now compelling evidence that plant communities exhibit negative density dependence, the relative importance of the underlying processes leading to these patterns is rarely tested. We coupled reciprocal greenhouse and field experiments with community dynamics modeling to untangle the relative importance of soil biota from competition as stabilizing forces to coexistence. We found that (1) plant–soil biotic interactions compared to competitive interactions were stronger stabilizing forces, (2) only the strength of plant–soil biotic interactions was dependent on plant evolutionary history, and (3) the variation in the strength of plant–soil biotic interactions was correlated with relative abundance patterns in an opposite way than was the variation in the strength of competitive interactions. Collectively, our results demonstrate the fundamental role soil biota have in maintaining plant community diversity.
The misuse of ratios in ecological stoichiometry
Authors: Isles Peter D. F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEcological stoichiometry is concerned with the ratios of different elements, particularly carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Ratios by their nature do not respond symmetrically to changes in the numerator and denominator and do not follow normal distributions; however, researchers frequently fail to consider these properties in their analyses, which has biased reported results. Calculating means, variance, or linear slopes based on untransformed ratios results in biased results. I demonstrate the consequences of these errors for inferences from stoichiometric analyses using simple examples and several large monitoring data sets. I then review 100 studies in ecological stoichiometry and find that misuse of ratio data is common, with 93% of studies containing at least one error. These errors may be problematic, particularly in large‐scale meta‐analyses summarizing data over large ranges. Fortunately, most of these mistakes can be easily avoided by first log transforming elemental ratios. I therefore recommend that, to ensure robust and reproducible results, researchers in ecological stoichiometry should adopt a convention of presenting stoichiometric ratio data as the logarithm of molar ratios in the future. The widespread use of untransformed nitrogen to phosphorus ratio as an indicator of nutrient limitation has likely exaggerated the importance of phosphorus limitation, particularly in freshwater systems.
Early rehabilitation after stroke: relationship between the heart rate variability and functional outcome
Authors: Scherbakov Nadja , Barkhudaryan Anush , Ebner Nicole , von Haehling Stephan , Anker Stefan D. , Joebges Michael , Doehner Wolfram 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsImpaired autonomic nervous system regulation is frequently observed in patients with stroke. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the impact of cardiac autonomic tone on functional outcome after the early post‐stroke rehabilitation.Methods and resultsOne hundred and three consecutive patients (67 ± 11 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.1 ± 5.4 kg/m2, 64% men) with ischaemic (84% of patients) and haemorrhagic stroke were studied. Depressed heart rate variability (HRV), as a surrogate marker of increased sympathetic tone, was defined by the standard deviation of NN intervals < 100 ms and HRV triangular index ≤ 20 assessed from a 24 h Holter electrocardiogram at admission to rehabilitation (23 ± 16 days after stroke). Twenty‐two per cent of patients had depressed HRV at baseline and were comparable with patients with normal HRV with regard to their functional [Barthel Index (BI), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA)] and biochemical status. After a 4‐week follow‐up, 70% of patients with depressed HRV showed a cumulative functional disability, defined by mRS ≥ 4, BI ≤ 70, and RMA ≤ 5, in contrast to patients with normal HRV (35%, P = 0.003). Patients with depressed HRV showed a worse functional status by BI (−16%, P < 0.001), RMA (−12%, P < 0.05), and mRS (+16%, P < 0.01), compared with patients with normal HRV. Cumulative functional disability was associated with depressed HRV (odds ratio 4.25, 95% confidence interval 1.56–11.54, P < 0.005) after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index (odds ratio 4.6, 95% confidence interval 1.42–14.97, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe presence of autonomic cardiovascular dysregulation in patients with subacute stroke was associated with adverse functional outcome after the early post‐stroke rehabilitation.
Self‐compassion predicting pain, depression and anger in people suffering from chronic pain: A prospective study
Authors: Emmerich Anja Carina , Friehs Thilo , Crombez Geert , Glombiewski Julia Anna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSelf‐compassion is associated with disability, pain‐related anxiety as well as depression and anger in patients with chronic pain. However, the unique value of self‐compassion versus other concepts such as psychological flexibility and self‐esteem is unknown. The present study therefore aimed to clarify these relationships. Individuals with chronic pain (NCP = 872) and without chronic pain (NNP = 356) took part in a longitudinal study. Participants completed self‐report instruments: Pain Disability Index (PDI), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (PASS‐20), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Self‐Compassion Scale (SCS), Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) and Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES). Assessments were repeated after 8 weeks. We found differences in baseline levels of all relevant variables except for anger‐out and anger‐control between people with and without chronic pain. Subsequently, we computed a path model analysis regarding individuals suffering from chronic pain (NCP), addressing the predictive value of reduced uncompassionate self‐responding (RUS), compassionate self‐responding (CS), avoidance (PIPS), cognitive fusion (PIPS) and self‐esteem (RSES) regarding pain‐related (PDI, PCS, PASS) and emotional variables (PHQ‐9, STAXI). Avoidance predicted disability, catastrophizing, anxiety and depression. RUS predicted catastrophizing and pain‐related anxiety. Self‐esteem predicted depression. CS and cognitive fusion had no unique predictive value. The model explained 65.4%‐72.1% of the variance in pain‐related variables, 68.7% of the variance in depression and 38.7%‐60.7% in the variance of anger‐related variables. In conclusion, psychological flexibility, in terms of avoidance, seems to be more relevant for chronic pain than self‐compassion. Future research should focus on subgroups and tailored‐treatment approaches.SignificanceApplying a longitudinal design, this study examined the predictive value of self‐compassion regarding pain, depression and anger. The relevance of self‐compassion was compared to psychological flexibility and self‐esteem. We can conclude that psychological flexibility, in terms of avoidance behaviour, is the most relevant predictor concerning pain.
Reusable Immunosensor for Detection of C‐reactive Protein in Human Serum
Authors: Ribeiro Sandro H. D. , Alves Lívia M. , Flauzino José M. R. , Moço Anna C. R. , Segatto Mônica S. , Silva Jonathan P. , Borges Lizandra F. A. , Madurro João M. , Madurro Ana G. B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work describes the preparation of a reusable electrochemical immunosensor for detection of C‐reactive protein (CRP), based in modified carbon electrode with reduced graphene oxide and polytyramine as strategy for anchoring the anti‐CRP probe. This immunosensor was able to distinguish different concentrations of CRP target in human serum, by differential pulse voltammetry, showing a linear response from 1.09 to 100 μg L−1. The performance of the immunosensor allowed its application in four consecutive assays, without activity loss. Analyses by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy corroborate with voltammetric analysis. The immunosensor showed selectivity, stability and reusability, being a promising platform for point‐of‐care quantification of CRP.