bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Magnetorotational Instability on Grain Growth in Protoplanetary Disks. I. Relevant Turbulence Properties
Authors: Gong 龚慕 Munan 南 , Ivlev Alexei V. , Zhao Bo , Caselli Paola 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Turbulence in protoplanetary disks induces collisions between dust grains, and thus facilitates grain growth. We investigate the two fundamental assumptions about the turbulence in obtaining grain collisional velocities—the kinetic energy spectrum and the turbulence autocorrelation time—in the context of the turbulence generated by the magnetorotational instability (MRI). We carry out numerical simulations of the MRI, as well as driven turbulence, for a range of physical and numerical parameters. We find that the convergence of the turbulence α-parameter does not necessarily imply the convergence of the energy spectrum. The MRI turbulence is largely solenoidal, for which we observe a persistent kinetic energy spectrum of k
−4/3. The same is obtained for solenoidal driven turbulence with and without a magnetic field, over more than 1 dex near the dissipation scale. This power-law slope appears to be converged in terms of numerical resolution, and to be due to the bottleneck effect. The kinetic energy in the MRI turbulence peaks at the fastest growing mode of the MRI. In contrast, the magnetic energy peaks at the dissipation scale. The magnetic energy spectrum in the MRI turbulence does not show a clear power-law range, and is almost constant over approximately 1 dex near the dissipation scale. The turbulence autocorrelation time is nearly constant at large scales, limited by the shearing timescale, and shows a power-law drop close to k
−1 at small scales, with a slope steeper than that of the eddy crossing time. The deviation from the standard picture of the Kolmogorov turbulence with the injection scale at the disk scale height can potentially have a significant impact on grain collisional velocities.
COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS). I. A High-gravity T4 Benchmark around an Old White Dwarf and a Re-examination of the Surface-gravity Dependence of the L/T Transition
Authors: Zhang 张 Zhoujian 周健 , Liu Michael C. , Hermes J. J. , Magnier Eugene A. , Marley Mark S. , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel , Tucker Michael A. , Do Aaron , Payne Anna V. , Shappee Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present the first discovery from the COol Companions ON Ultrawide orbiTS (COCONUTS) program, a large-scale survey for wide-orbit planetary and substellar companions. We have discovered a comoving system COCONUTS-1, composed of a hydrogen-dominated white dwarf (PSO J058.9855+45.4184; d = 31.5 pc) and a T4 companion (PSO J058.9869+45.4296) at a 40.″6 (1280 au) projected separation. We derive physical properties for COCONUTS-1B from (1) its near-infrared spectrum using cloudless Sonora atmospheric models, and (2) its luminosity and the white dwarf’s age (

Gyr) using Sonora evolutionary models. The two methods give consistent temperatures and radii, but atmospheric models infer a lower surface gravity and therefore an unphysically young age. Assuming evolutionary model parameters (

K,

dex,

), we find that cloudless model atmospheres have brighter Y- and J-band fluxes than the data, suggesting that condensate clouds have not fully dispersed around 1300 K. The W2 flux (4.6 μm) of COCONUTS-1B is fainter than models, suggesting non-equilibrium mixing of CO. To investigate the gravity dependence of the L/T transition, we compile all 60 known L6−T6 benchmarks and derive a homogeneous set of temperatures, surface gravities, and masses. As is well known, young, low-gravity late-L dwarfs have significantly fainter, redder near-infrared photometry and ≈200–300 K cooler temperatures than old, high-gravity objects. Our sample now reveals such gravity dependence becomes weaker for T dwarfs, with young objects having comparable near-infrared photometry and ≈100 K cooler temperatures compared to old objects. Finally, we find that young objects have a larger amplitude J-band brightening than old objects, and also brighten at H band as they cross the L/T transition.
CS Depletion in Prestellar Cores
Authors: Kim Shinyoung , Lee Chang Won , Gopinathan Maheswar , Tafalla Mario , Sohn Jungjoo , Kim Gwanjeong , Kim Mi-Ryang , Soam Archana , Myers Philip C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The CS molecule is known to be adsorbed onto dust in cold and dense conditions, causing it to be significantly depleted in the central region of cores. This study is aimed to investigate the depletion of the CS molecule using the optically thin

molecular line observations. We mapped five prestellar cores, L1544, L1552, L1689B, L694-2, and L1197, using two molecular lines,

(J = 2 − 1) and

(J = 1 − 0) with the NRO 45 m telescope, doubling the number of cores where the CS depletion was probed using

. In most of our targets, the distribution of

emission shows features that suggest that the CS molecule is generally depleted in the center of the prestellar cores. The radial profile of the CS abundance with respect to

directly measured from the CS emission and the Herschel dust emission indicates that the CS molecule is depleted by a factor of ∼3 toward the central regions of the cores with respect to their outer regions. The degree of the depletion is found to be even more enhanced, by an order of magnitude, when the contaminating effect introduced by the presence of CS molecules in the surrounding envelope that lie along the line of sight is removed. Except for L1197—which is classified as relatively the least evolved core in our targets, based on its observed physical parameters—we found that the remaining four prestellar cores are suffering from significant CS depletion at their central region, regardless of the relative difference in their evolutionary status.
GMC Collisions as Triggers of Star Formation. VII. The Effect of Magnetic Field Strength on Star Formation
Authors: Wu Benjamin , Tan Jonathan C. , Christie Duncan , Nakamura Fumitaka 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We investigate the formation of stars within giant molecular clouds (GMCs) evolving in environments of different global magnetic field strength and large-scale dynamics. Building upon a series of magnetohydrodynamic simulations of noncolliding and colliding GMCs, we employ density- and magnetically regulated star formation subgrid models in clouds that range from moderately magnetically supercritical to near critical. We examine gas and star cluster morphologies, magnetic field strengths and relative orientations, prestellar core densities, temperatures, mass-to-flux ratios and velocities, star formation rates and efficiencies over time, spatial clustering of stars, and kinematics of the stars and natal gas. The large-scale magnetic criticality of the region greatly affects the overall gas evolution and star formation properties. GMC collisions enhance star formation rates and efficiencies in magnetically supercritical conditions, but may actually inhibit them in the magnetically critical case. This may have implications for star formation in different Galactic environments such as the Galactic Center and the main Galactic disk.
Forecasting the Ambient Solar Wind with Numerical Models. II. An Adaptive Prediction System for Specifying Solar Wind Speed near the Sun
Authors: Reiss Martin A. , MacNeice Peter J. , Muglach Karin , Arge Charles N. , Möstl Christian , Riley Pete , Hinterreiter Jürgen , Bailey Rachel L. , Weiss Andreas J. , Owens Mathew J. , Amerstorfer Tanja , Amerstorfer Ute 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The ambient solar wind flows and fields influence the complex propagation dynamics of coronal mass ejections in the interplanetary medium and play an essential role in shaping Earth’s space weather environment. A critical scientific goal in the space weather research and prediction community is to develop, implement, and optimize numerical models for specifying the large-scale properties of solar wind conditions at the inner boundary of the heliospheric model domain. Here we present an adaptive prediction system that fuses information from in situ measurements of the solar wind into numerical models to better match the global solar wind model solutions near the Sun with prevailing physical conditions in the vicinity of Earth. In this way, we attempt to advance the predictive capabilities of well-established solar wind models for specifying solar wind speed, including the Wang–Sheeley–Arge model. In particular, we use the Heliospheric Upwind eXtrapolation (HUX) model for mapping the solar wind solutions from the near-Sun environment to the vicinity of Earth. In addition, we present the newly developed Tunable HUX (THUX) model, which solves the viscous form of the underlying Burgers equation. We perform a statistical analysis of the resulting solar wind predictions for the period 2006–2015. The proposed prediction scheme improves all the investigated coronal/heliospheric model combinations and produces better estimates of the solar wind state at Earth than our reference baseline model. We discuss why this is the case and conclude that our findings have important implications for future practice in applied space weather research and prediction.
Sola fide ou fide caritate formata : deux principes incompatibles ?
Authors: Son Eun-Sil 
Published: March 2020

Ce travail explore l’origine d’un malentendu vieux de cinq siècles concernant la foi justifiante. Dieu justifie-t-il le pécheur par la foi seule ( sola fide ) comme le disent les luthériens ou par la foi formée par la charité ( fide caritate formata ) comme le disent les catholiques ? Il s’agit d’une des différences les plus débattues entre les deux traditions. Une étude précise des sources et une comparaison entre les textes de Thomas d’Aquin et de Martin Luther consacrés à l’interprétation de la fides caritate formata permet de constater que, malgré la compréhension différente de la formule, ils ont en réalité la même idée de la foi justifiante en raison d’une même fidélité à l’Écriture. C’est en puisant à cette source commune qu’aujourd’hui encore, ils montrent aux Églises un chemin d’unité.
Une boussole des possibles. Gouvernance mondiale et humanismes juridiques
Authors: Delmas-Marty Mireille 
Published: March 2020

Le processus de mondialisation ouvre des possibilités inédites, mais suscite aussi des menaces pour l’être humain et l’ensemble de l’écosystème, provoquant ainsi un repli souverainiste dans un monde de plus en plus « déboussolé ». Quelle place, donc, pour un humanisme juridique au sein de la gouvernance mondiale ? Mireille Delmas-Marty confronte au récit de l’effondrement celui de la mondialité, communauté de destin unie et solidaire dans sa pluralité. Au croisement des droits nationaux et du droit international, elle revisite trois voies qu’elle avait explorées près de dix ans auparavant : résister à la déshumanisation, responsabiliser les acteurs globaux et anticiper les risques à venir.Ponctuée de nouveaux commentaires, et relue sous l’angle d’une « boussole des possibles », cette leçon de clôture prononcée en 2011 se révèle d’une actualité saisissante.
Cancer Cell–Intrinsic Expression of MHC Class II Regulates the Immune Microenvironment and Response to Anti–PD-1 Therapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Johnson Amber M. , Bullock Bonnie L. , Neuwelt Alexander J. , Poczobutt Joanna M. , Kaspar Rachael E. , Li Howard Y. , Kwak Jeff W. , Hopp Katharina , Weiser-Evans Mary C. M. , Heasley Lynn E. , Schenk Erin L. , Clambey Eric T. , Nemenoff Raphael A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
MHC class II (MHCII) expression is usually restricted to APC but can be expressed by cancer cells. We examined the effect of cancer cell–specific MHCII (csMHCII) expression in lung adenocarcinoma on T cell recruitment to tumors and response to anti–PD-1 therapy using two orthotopic immunocompetent murine models of non–small cell lung cancer: CMT167 (CMT) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). We previously showed that CMT167 tumors are eradicated by anti-PD1 therapy, whereas LLC tumors are resistant. RNA sequencing analysis of cancer cells recovered from tumors revealed that csMHCII correlated with response to anti-PD1 therapy, with immunotherapy-sensitive CMT167 cells being csMHCII positive, whereas resistant LLC cells were csMHCII negative. To test the functional effects of csMHCII, MHCII expression was altered on the cancer cells through loss- and gain-of-function of CIITA, a master regulator of the MHCII pathway. Loss of CIITA in CMT167 decreased csMHCII and converted tumors from anti–PD-1 sensitive to anti–PD-1 resistant. This was associated with lower levels of Th1 cytokines, decreased T cell infiltration, increased B cell numbers, and decreased macrophage recruitment. Conversely, overexpression of CIITA in LLC cells resulted in csMHCII in vitro and in vivo. Enforced expression of CIITA increased T cell infiltration and sensitized tumors to anti–PD-1 therapy. csMHCII expression was also examined in a subset of surgically resected human lung adenocarcinomas by multispectral imaging, which provided a survival benefit and positively correlated with T cell infiltration. These studies demonstrate a functional role for csMHCII in regulating T cell infiltration and sensitivity to anti–PD-1.
Zhx2 Accelerates Sepsis by Promoting Macrophage Glycolysis via Pfkfb3
Authors: Wang Zehua , Kong Liang , Tan Siyu , Zhang Yankun , Song Xiaojia , Wang Tixiao , Lin Qinghai , Wu Zhuanchang , Xiang Peng , Li Chunyang , Gao Lifen , Liang Xiaohong , Ma Chunhong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition with limited therapeutic options, characterized as excessive systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. Macrophages play critical roles in sepsis pathogenesis. Metabolism orchestrates homeostasis of macrophages. However, the precise mechanism of macrophage metabolism during sepsis remains poorly elucidated. In this study, we identified the key role of zinc fingers and homeoboxes (Zhx2), a ubiquitous transcription factor, in macrophage glycolysis and sepsis by enhancing 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (Pfkfb3) expression. Mice with myeloid Zhx2-specific deletion (abbreviated as MKO) showed more resistance to cecal ligation and puncture and LPS-induced sepsis, exhibiting as prolonged survival, attenuated pulmonary injury, and reduced level of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Interestingly, Zhx2 deletion conferred macrophage tolerance to LPS-induced glycolysis, accompanied by reduced proinflammatory cytokines and lactate. Consistently, treatment of glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose almost completely abrogated the protection of mice from LPS-induced sepsis initiated by Zhx2 deletion in macrophages. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that Zhx2 enhanced transcription of Pfkfb3, the glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme, via binding with Pfkfb3 promoter. Furthermore, Pfkfb3 overexpression not only rescued the reduction of macrophage glycolysis caused by Zhx2 deficiency, displaying as extracellular acidification rates and lactate production but also destroyed the resistance of mice to LPS-induced sepsis initiated by transfer of bone marrow–derived macrophages from MKO mice. These findings highlight the novel role of transcription factor Zhx2 in sepsis via regulating Pfkfb3 expression and reprogramming macrophage metabolism, which would shed new insights into the potential strategy to intervene sepsis.
Modernismo e nacionalismo: casos paradigmáticos em Portugal e Espanha
Authors: Lousa Teresa 
Published: March 2020

O modernismo português que irrompeu nos anos 1914 e seguintes caracterizou-se por uma compleição politicamente tradicionalista, nacionalista e antiliberal. Personalidades desta geração como António Ferro e Raul Leal cedo manifestaram o seu interesse pelo fascismo e a sua descrença na República, o que naturalmente levou a que expressaram uma visão política e cultural que acabou por ver no ideário do Estado Novo a confirmação dos seus anseios nacionalistas. Mas também em Espanha Eugenio D’Ors, amigo de Salazar e de António Ferro, constitui um caso paradigmático de um intelectual que tendo colaborado com revistas modernistas como Quatre gats ou Pèl & Ploma, mais tarde acaba por romper com o Modernismo por achar que esta estética era de uma espontaneidade estéril sem direcção.
Mídia e mercado: mediações na construção de sentidos do consumo das "roupas de marca"
Authors: Castro Ana Lúcia De 
Published: March 2020

Tomando como recorte empírico um bairro localizado na periferia de Santo André, município da Grande São Paulo, este artigo busca contribuir para a compreensão da dimensão simbólica dos bens de consumo e os sentidos a eles atribuídos em contextos periféricos. Abordamos, especificamente, um grupo focal realizado com jovens entre 18 e 25 anos, cujo tema central foi a relação com o universo das grifes, ou, nas palavras dos interlocutores, roupas de marca. Discute-se, ainda, o papel de guia de orientação cumprido pela mídia, ao difundir estilos de roupas e acessórios, bem como grifes, sobretudo esportivas. Interessa-nos identificar os modos de apropriação e uso, bem como motivações para o consumo - para além das razões de ordem prático-utilitaristas - colocando em discussão a atualidade e pertinência da explicação sociológica hegemônica, que aponta para a lógica da imitação-distinção como principal propulsora para esta prática. (VEBLEN, 1983; SIMMEL, 2006; BOURDIEU, 2007).
From silos to coalitions: The evolution of the US Hospital Preparedness Program
Authors: Medcalf, PhD Sharon , Roy, MS, PhD Student Shreya , Bekmuratova, PhD Sarbinaz , ElRayes, MBBCh, PhD, FACHE Wael , Sayles, MS Harlan , Gruba, MS Jonathon , Shope, PhD Ronald 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The objective of this article is to trace the hospital emergency preparedness movement in the United States, strengthen the case for hospital investments in emergency preparedness, and make recommendations to ensure sustainability of the program. Design/Approach: This article is a narrative review. Main themes from the literature about the US Hospital Preparedness Program (HPP) are discussed, beginning with the trends in funding levels of the HPP, the rise of regional healthcare coalitions, preparedness performance measures, and the challenges faced over the past 15 years of HPP activities. Finally, recommendations are made about ways to sustain the program.Findings: The HPP was established in 2002 and funding for the program has seen a 56 percent decrease over the last 16 years. Beyond the initial investment in supplies and equipment, hospitals have received very little of the healthcare preparedness funding.Disaster drills and exercises to test emergency plans in hospitals are perceived as a costly distraction from daily work. The biggest challenge is the lack of engagement and support from hospital leadership.Conclusions: To ensure the sustainability of the HPP, the positive impact of preparedness activities on the hospital’s day-to-day operations must be demonstrated.
Ensemble hindcasting of wind and wave conditions with WRF and WAVEWATCH III® driven by ERA5
Authors: Osinski Robert Daniel , Radtke Hagen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. When hindcasting wave fields of storm events with state-of-the-art wave models, the quality of the results strongly depends on the meteorological forcing dataset. The wave model will inherit the uncertainty of the atmospheric data, and additional discretization errors will be introduced due to a limited spatial and temporal resolution of the forcing data. In this study, we apply an atmospheric downscaling to (i) add regional details to the wind field, (ii) increase the temporal resolution of the wind fields, (iii) provide a more detailed representation of transient events such as storms and (iv) generate ensembles with perturbed atmospheric conditions, which allows for a flow-dependent and spatio-temporally variable uncertainty estimation. We test different strategies to generate an ensemble hindcast of a relatively strong storm event in February 2002 in the Baltic Sea. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model used for this purpose is driven by the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, and wind fields are passed to the third-generation wave model WAVEWATCH III®. A combination of initial conditions from the ERA5 ensemble of data assimilations and stochastic perturbations during runtime is identified as the most promising strategy. The final aim of the ensemble approach is to quantify the hindcast error, but this approach can also be used to generate alternative representations of historical extreme events to sample the recent climate and to increase the sample size for statistical studies, such as for civil engineering applications for coastal protection studies.
Quantifying iceberg calving fluxes with underwater noise
Authors: Glowacki Oskar , Deane Grant B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Accurate estimates of calving fluxes are essential in
understanding small-scale glacier dynamics and quantifying the contribution of
marine-terminating glaciers to both eustatic sea-level rise (SLR) and the
freshwater budget of polar regions. Here we investigate the application of
acoustical oceanography to measure calving flux using the underwater sounds
of iceberg–water impact. A combination of time-lapse photography and passive
acoustics is used to determine the relationship between the mass and impact
noise of 169 icebergs generated by subaerial calving events from Hansbreen,
Svalbard. The analysis includes three major factors affecting the observed
noise: (1) time dependency of the thermohaline structure, (2) variability in
the ocean depth along the waveguide and (3) reflection of impact noise from
the glacier terminus. A correlation of 0.76 is found between the
(log-transformed) kinetic energy of the falling iceberg and the
corresponding measured acoustic energy corrected for these three factors. An
error-in-variables linear regression is applied to estimate the coefficients
of this relationship. Energy conversion coefficients for non-transformed
variables are 8×10-7 and 0.92, respectively, for the
multiplication factor and exponent of the power law. This simple model can
be used to measure solid ice discharge from Hansbreen. Uncertainty in the
estimate is a function of the number of calving events observed; 50 %
uncertainty is expected for eight blocks dropping to 20 % and 10 %,
respectively, for 40 and 135 calving events. It may be possible to lower
these errors if the influence of different calving styles on the received
noise spectra can be determined.
Nietzsche as Critic and Proponent of Socialism: A Reappraisal Based on Human, All Too Human
Authors: Miner Robert 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Against the impression that what he says about socialism is either indiscriminately hostile or somewhat superficial, I show Nietzsche to be a subtle and nuanced judge of socialism in his first three “middle period” works—Human, All Too Human, Assorted Opinions and Maxims, and The Wanderer and His Shadow. First, I argue that the critique of socialism contained within the two volumes of HH cuts deeper than generic dismissals of socialism found in later work. Second, I contend that Nietzsche's critique of socialism is not his final word, but comes with an equally pointed critique of the “property-minded.” Third, I demonstrate that although Nietzsche diagnoses both pro-socialists and anti-socialists as driven by factionalism, he is not committed to a position of neutrality. Finally, I examine his claim that when economic equalities grow extreme, determinedly socialist policies merit strong support, and argue for the contemporary relevance of Nietzsche's thinking about socialism.