bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State-dependent protein-lipid interactions of a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel in a neuronal membrane
Authors: Dämgen Marc A. , Biggin Philip C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) are receptor proteins that are sensitive to their membrane environment, but the mechanism for how lipids modulate function under physiological conditions in a state dependent manner is not known. The glycine receptor is a pLGIC whose structure has been resolved in different functional states. Using a realistic model of a neuronal membrane coupled with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the lipid-protein interactions are dependent on the receptor state, suggesting that lipids may regulate the receptor’s conformational dynamics. Comparison with existing structural data confirms known lipid binding sites, but we also predict further protein-lipid interactions including a site at the communication interface between the extracellular and transmembrane domain. Moreover, in the active state, cholesterol can bind to the binding site of the positive allosteric modulator ivermectin. These protein-lipid interaction sites could in future be exploited for the rational design of lipid-like allosteric drugs.Author SummaryIon channels are proteins that control the flow of ions into the cell. The family of ion channels known as the pentameric ligand gated ion channels (pLGICS) open in response to the binding of a neurotransmitter, moving the channel from a resting state to an open state. The glycine receptor is a pLGIC whose structure has been resolved in different functional states. It is also known that the response of pLGICs can also be modified by different types of lipid found within the membrane itself but exactly how is unclear. Here, we used a realistic model of a neuronal membrane and performed molecular dynamics simulations to show various lipid-protein interactions that are dependent on the channel state. Our work also reveals previously unconsidered protein-lipid interactions at a key junction of the channel known to be critical for the transmission of the opening process. We also demonstrate that cholesterol interacts with the protein at a site already known to bind to another compound that modulates the channel, called ivermectin. The work should be useful for future drug design.
Pathogenic LRRK2 regulates ciliation probability upstream of Tau Tubulin kinase 2
Authors: Sobu Yuriko , Wawro Paulina S. , Dhekne Herschel S. , Pfeffer Suzanne R. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTMutations that activate LRRK2 protein kinase cause Parkinson’s disease. We have shown previously that Rab10 phosphorylation by LRRK2 enhances its binding to RILPL1 and together, these proteins block cilia formation in a variety of cell types including patient derived iPS cells. We have used live cell fluorescence microscopy to identify, more precisely, the effect of LRRK2 kinase activity on both the formation of cilia triggered by serum starvation and loss of cilia seen upon serum re-addition. LRRK2 activity decreases the overall probability of ciliation without changing the rates of cilia formation in R1441C LRRK2 MEF cells. Cilia loss in these cells is accompanied by ciliary decapitation. Kinase activity does not change the timing or frequency of decapitation or the rate of cilia loss, but increases the percent of cilia that are lost upon serum addition. LRRK2 activity, or overexpression of RILPL1 protein, blocks release of CP110 from the mother centriole, a step normally required for early ciliogenesis. In both cases, failure of CP110 uncapping was due to failure to recruit TTBK2, a kinase needed for CP110 release. In contrast, recruitment of EHD1, another step important for ciliogenesis, appears unaltered. These experiments provide critical detail to our understanding of the cellular consequences of pathogenic LRRK2 mutation, and indicate that LRRK2 blocks ciliogenesis upstream of TTBK2 and enhances the deciliation process in response to serum addition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMutations that activate LRRK2 protein kinase cause Parkinson’s disease. LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases, in particular Rab8 and Rab10. Phosphorylated Rabs bind preferentially to a distinct set of effectors and block in primary ciliation in multiple cell types. We show here that the cilia blockade is upstream of the recruitment of TTBK2 kinase to the mother centriole, a step required for the release of CP110 and subsequent cilia formation. This study provides fundamental information related to how pathogenic LRRK2 interferes with normal cell physiology.
Phenotypic plasticity in chemical defence allows butterflies to diversify host use strategies
Authors: de Castro Érika C. P. , Musgrove Jamie , Bak Søren , McMillan W. Owen , Jiggins Chris D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHostplant specialization is a major force driving ecological niche partitioning and diversification in insect herbivores. The cyanogenic defences ofPassifloraplants keeps most herbivores at bay, but not larvae ofHeliconius butterflies, which can both sequester and biosynthesize cyanogenic compounds. Here, we demonstrate that bothHeliconius cydno chioneus, a host plant generalist, andH. melpomene rosina, a specialist,have remarkable plasticity in their chemical defence. When feeding onPassifloraspecies with cyanogenic compounds they can readily sequester, both species downregulate the biosynthesis of these compounds. In contrast, when fed onPassifloraplants that do not contain cyanogenic glucosides that can be sequestered, both species increase biosynthesis. This biochemical plasticity comes at a significant fitness cost for specialist likeH. m. rosina, as growth rates for this species negatively correlate with biosynthesis levels, but not for a generalist likeH. c. chioneus. In exchange,H. m rosinahas increased performance when sequestration is possible as on its specialised hostplant. In summary, phenotypic plasticity in biochemical responses to different host plants offers these butterflies the ability to widen their range of potential host within thePassifloragenus, while maintaining their chemical defences.
Servitization and performance: impacts on small and medium enterprises
Authors: Queiroz Stefania A.B. , Mendes Glauco H.S. , Silva Jorge H.O. , Ganga Gilberto M.D. , Cauchick Miguel Paulo A. , Oliveira Maicon G. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of the servitization on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses data from Brazilian SMEs and applies partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the research hypotheses.

Findings
The findings suggest a positive relationship between servitization and SME performance. It is found that the strategy of offering base services does impact SME performance. Furthermore, servitization aims to promote a fit between environmental pressures and SME performance.

Practical implications
SMEs can use servitization to increase their performance in spite of their resources restrictions, size limitation and low level of service revenue. However, the adoption of servitization should be accompanied by managerial adjustments in servitization practices.

Originality/value
This paper is dedicated to investigating the servitization-performance relationship in the context of SMEs, which is not a usual research publication. Moreover, it adds to the servitization theory by demonstrating that it is not necessary to reach a critical mass of services to be profitable and base services may be also a source of revenues and profits.
A dynamic capabilities approach for the survival of Pakistani family-owned business in the digital world
Authors: Rashid Sumayya , Ratten Vanessa 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the role of dynamic capabilities for the survival of family-owned business (FOB) in Pakistan. The paper aims at examining the impact of digitization on business landscape for FOBs.Design/methodology/approachData for this research were collected using in-depth interviews. About 24 interviews were conducted with the owners of 24 FOBs in four different states of Pakistan. Interviews were translated and transcribed. By using GIOIA methodology, first-order concepts, themes and aggregate dimension were identified that explained the additional dynamic capabilities needed for family businesses in digital era.FindingsThe results of the data analysis revealed that family businesses are struggling to cope with thriving digital market. Digital mind-set is needed to survive in the market. The ability to respond to change is needed. The intelligence and wisdom needed for creating and maintaining an intellectual asset should be used by investing in new technologies. Importantly, businesses need to maintain an emotionally and artificially intelligent brand.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is based on four different states of Pakistan. By focussing on each state could generate more data. The research is focussed on Pakistan to know about the dynamics of emerging economies. Replicating same research on other developing countries can bring more results. Lastly, it is a purely qualitative research. A quantitative analysis could bring a new context to the problem.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the challenges of family businesses for coping in digital market helps other family businesses to get a know-how before entering the market. Digital presence can help in building the brand but when not handled correctly can damage the brand as well. Investing in additional capabilities can provide a competitive advantage to family businesses. Family businesses possess a passion for the idea which helps to build the narrative for the brand.Originality/valueThis research is contributing to highlight the scenario of an emerging economy by studying the challenges of FOB in digitization. The literature provides more information and theories regarding developed countries. This research is a picture of developing economy and how wave of digital era has transformed the business landscape. In-depth interviews were conducted for deep insights which helps in contributing towards family business research.
Factors determining behavioral intentions to use Islamic financial technology
Authors: Darmansyah Darmansyah , Fianto Bayu Arie , Hendratmi Achsania , Aziz Primandanu Febriyan 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influential factors on behavioral intentions toward Islamic financial technology (FinTech) use in Indonesia, for all types of FinTech services as follows: payments, peer to peer lending and crowdfunding.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted structural equation modeling using the partial least squares approach to test the hypotheses. Based on purposive sampling, the questionnaire was distributed through an online survey and received 1,262 responses.

Findings
The results demonstrate that the latent variables, planned behavior, acceptance model and use of technology, have a significant impact on encouraging behavioral intentions to use Islamic FinTech. The “acceptance model” latent variable is the most influential factor.

Research limitations/implications
This study was conducted only in Indonesia; therefore, the results cannot be generalized to other countries. However, the study provides important strategic guidelines for policymakers in designing a framework to enhance the development of Islamic FinTech and to achieve financial inclusion. It is suggested that future studies include samples from FinTech users in different countries.

Originality/value
This study adds to the literature especially on the factors affecting behavioral intentions to use Islamic FinTech. There are limited studies concerning this topic, especially for Indonesia. The unique feature of this study is the use of a large primary data set that covers most provinces in Indonesia. Furthermore, this study focuses on three types of Islamic FinTech, namely, payments, peer to peer lending and crowdfunding.
Successful approaches for implementing additive manufacturing
Authors: Martens Robert , Fan Susan K. , Dwyer Rocky J. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this qualitative, multiple-case study was to explore the successful strategies that managers of light and high-tech small and medium-sized manufacturing companies in the Netherlands, use to adopt additive manufacturing (AM) technology into their business models.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative, multiple-case study approach was used. The participants for this study consisted of executive-level managers of light and high-tech manufacturing companies in the Netherlands. Company documents were studied, and individual interviews were undertaken with participants to gain an understanding of the strategies they used to adopt AM technology into their business models.FindingsThree significant themes emerged from the data analysis: identify business opportunities for AM technology, experiment with AM technology and embed AM technology.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study could be of advantage to industry leaders and manufacturing managers who are contemplating to adopt AM in their business models.Originality/valueThis study may contribute to the further proliferation of AM technology. Industry leaders may also gain a clearer understanding of the effects of 3DP on local employment. The results of the study may also work as a catalyst for increased awareness for manufacturing firm leaders who have not yet considered the opportunities and threats AM technology presents to their organizations.
Interspecific trait integration increases with environmental harshness: A case study along a metal toxicity gradient
Authors: Delhaye Guillaume , Bauman David , Séleck Maxime , Ilunga wa Ilunga Edouard , Mahy Grégory , Meerts Pierre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFunctional traits are commonly used to calculate a wide array of functional diversity indices to infer different mechanisms of community assembly and species coexistence. Recently, the degree of interspecific covariation between multiple functional traits has been suggested as a mechanism influencing both species distributions and abundances in communities. However, empirical assessments of this theory along environmental gradients are still scarce due to the lack of an appropriate method and of sufficiently strong environmental gradients.Here we compare interspecific trait integration (ITI) across plant communities along a marked gradient of copper toxicity in the soil, using new multivariate and bivariate indices. This was achieved using the range of the eigenvalues of a principal component analysis on the traits of the species in a local community (multivariate ITI index) and the correlations between traits in local communities (bivariate ITI index).We show that the plant metal tolerance strategy (i.e. leaf metal content) is relatively independent from leaf economics, while negatively correlated to plant size. In addition, our results indicate a weak support for the expected general patterns of trait syndromes, such as the ‘leaf economics spectrum’ or the ‘leaf–height–seed’, at the whole‐community scale. This arises from an increase in multivariate trait integration along the soil copper gradient. The strongest trait integration is caused by an increase in the degree of association between certain traits on metal‐rich soils. The multivariate trait integration explains species richness better than other commonly used functional diversity indices.Our study highlights the power of ITI, as well as its complementarity to other functional diversity indices, to investigate the variation in functional strategies and their drivers along environmental gradients. The increase in trait integration with soil metal toxicity in plant communities supports that highly constraining environments select increasingly coordinated sets of functional traits, in turn possibly driving the decrease in species richness. Further studies should assess the generality and underlying physiological mechanisms of such ecological patterns.
Determinants of prescription opioid use: population‐based evidence from Finland
Authors: Böckerman Petri , Haapanen Mika , Hakulinen Christian , Karhunen Hannu , Maczulskij Terhi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsPrevious studies have shown that prescription opioid use is more common in socio‐economically disadvantaged communities in the United States. This study examined the area and individual‐level determinants of prescription opioid use in Finland during the period 1995–2016.DesignLogistic regression analysis using nation‐wide data on filled opioid‐related prescriptions dispensed at Finnish pharmacies and covered by National Health Insurance. Opioid consumption was linked, using personal identification codes, to population‐based data maintained by Statistics Finland, which records individual background and area‐level characteristics.Setting and participantsWorking‐age population aged between 15 and 64 years in Finland during the periods 1995–2007 (n = 4 315 409) and 2009–16 (n = 4 116 992).MeasurementsAnnual prescription opioid use was measured using defined daily doses (DDD) and whether people used opioids during a year.FindingsPrescription opioid use increased in Finland from 1995 to 2016 (from less than 1 to 7%), but the increase was explained by the change in the treatment of codeine‐based opioids in National Health Insurance. The area‐level unemployment rate was positively correlated with the share of opioid users at the municipal level (r = 0.36; P < 0.001). In comparison with being employed, being outside the labour force was associated with increased opioid use in 1995–2007 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.10–2.36] and non‐codeine opioid use in 2009–16 (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 2.06–2.27), but not with codeine opioid use in 2009–16.ConclusionsPrescription opioid use in Finland appears to be more common among low socio‐economic status people, similar to the United States and the United Kingdom.
Laparoscopic‐assisted colectomy with Duhamel procedure for idiopathic megacolon in adults: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Li , Zheng Huichao , Tian Yue , Mou Jianghong , Zhang Lianyang , Liu Baohua , Tong WeiDong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic megacolon (IMC) is an uncommon disease in adults. To date, only a few laparoscopic experiences and functional outcomes of IMC have been reported. This study was to retrospectively analyse our 12 year surgical experience and functional outcomes in adult patients with IMC.MethodsA 12‐year retrospective study from October 2006 to November 2018 was performed for patients with IMC who underwent surgical interventions. Patients who underwent laparoscopic‐assisted colectomy and Duhamel procedure with ileorectal or colorectal anastomosis were collected. Clinical data of surgery and functional outcomes were analysed.ResultsA total of 13 patients who underwent surgical interventions were included in the study. Seven patients underwent laparoscopic total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis (Duhamel procedure), one patient underwent laparoscopic total colectomy with end ileostomy because of acute intestinal obstruction, while five other patients underwent laparoscopic segmental colectomy with colorectal anastomosis (Duhamel procedure). The mean operative time was 181.6 min (range 150–246). The mean estimated blood loss was 75.6 ml (range 40–200). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 8.2 days (range 6–13). There was no conversion to an open procedure and no surgical mortality. Postoperative diarrhoea was the most prominent complaint during the early period after total colectomy. All patients showed adaptation to the defaecation frequency 3–6 months postoperatively, and had a good quality of life in long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionLaparoscopic‐assisted colectomy with Duhamel procedure is a safe and efficient technique for IMC in adults. The scope of colon resection and the type of anastomosis should be individually selected.
A national survey showed low levels of physical activity in a representative sample of Swedish adolescents
Authors: Nyberg Gisela , Kjellenberg Karin , Fröberg Andreas , Lindroos Anna Karin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThis study investigated objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time by sex, age and socioeconomic status in a large representative sample of Swedish adolescents.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional national survey between 2016 and 2017, students aged 11‐12, 14‐15 and 17‐18 years from 131 schools were invited to participate. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured objectively with accelerometers for seven consecutive days. Socioeconomic status (parental education) and country of birth were self‐reported in a questionnaire. Weight and height were measured by trained staff.ResultsA total of 3477 adolescents participated in the study, and 2419 (73%) had at least 3 days of valid accelerometer data. The results showed that 43% of boys and 23% of girls reached the recommendation of 60 minutes of daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. Boys were more physically active than girls in all age groups. Girls with high socioeconomic status were more physically active than girls with low socioeconomic status (P < .001), and this difference was not found in boys.ConclusionThe majority of Swedish adolescents did not reach the physical activity recommendation, and boys were more active than girls. Effective strategies to increase physical activity, especially among girls with low socioeconomic status, are urgently needed.
A dated phylogeny of Lardizabalaceae reveals an unusual long‐distance dispersal across the Pacific Ocean and the rapid rise of East Asian subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests in the late Miocene
Authors: Wang Wei , Xiang Xiao‐Guo , Xiang Kun‐Li , Ortiz Rosa del C. , Jabbour Florian , Chen Zhi‐Duan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTemperate South American–Asian disjunct distributions are the most unusual in organisms, and challenging to explain. Here, we address the origin of this unusual disjunction in Lardizabalaceae using explicit models and molecular data. The family (c.40 species distributed in ten genera) also provides an opportunity to explore the historical assembly of East Asian subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests, a typical and luxuriant vegetation in East Asia. DNA sequences of five plastid loci of 42 accessions representing 23 species of Lardizabalaceae (c. 57.5% of estimated species diversity), and 19 species from the six other families of Ranunculales, were used to perform phylogenetic analyses. By dating the branching events and reconstructing ancestral ranges, we infer that extant Lardizabalaceae dated to the Upper Cretaceous of East Asia and that the temperate South American lineage might have split from its East Asian sister group at c. 24.4 Ma. A trans‐Pacific dispersal possibly by birds from East Asia to South America is plausible to explain the establishment of the temperate South American–East Asian disjunction in Lardizabalaceae. Diversification rate analyses indicate that net diversification rates of Lardizabalaceae experienced a significant increase around c. 7.5 Ma. Our findings suggest that the rapid rise of East Asian subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests occurred in the late Miocene, associated with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the intensified East Asian monsoon, as well as the higher winter temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels.