bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yttrium Doped TiO2 Thin Film for Gas Sensing Application Prepared by Spin Coating Method
Authors: Kaiyum M Abdul , Ahmed Naim , Alam Arif , Rahman M Shamimur 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Yttrium (Y) doped and pure Titanium Di-oxide (TiO2) thin films were prepared by using spin coater. The coater was set up in laboratory with low cost investment. The films were calcined at 450 °C for 1 hour. For characterization, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were carried out. LCR Bridge - GW Instek LCR-821 was used for gas sensing applications. XPS showed that the change of electronic structure due to Y doping. SEM and AFM analysis were carried out to determine the surface morphology of the films. Yttrium (Y) decreased the crystallite size of the films and increased the surface roughness and porosity value, which was very good for many sensing applications. Gas sensing property of the deposited films were improved by the incorporation of yttrium impurities and the sensing property improved almost two times than pure TiO2 thin film. Different researches have been done their research related to this topic but no one researchers provide a precise explanation of their results, authors of this research have tried to do that. Moreover the films were prepared by a simple spin coater to reduce the production cost also.
Investigation of the Therapeutic Potential of Momelotinib on Hepatitis Virus-Associated Liver Cancer Is Through Suppressing Oncogenic/Stemnes IFNGR-JAK-STAT Pathway
Authors: Ong Jiann Ruey , Yeh Chi-Tai , Huang Ting-Yi , Hsieh Ming-Shou , Lee Wei-Hwa , Cherng Yih-Giun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Distance as Explanatory Factor for Sexual Health Centre Utilisation in an Infrastructure-Rich Urban Area in the Netherlands: A Population-Based Multilevel Study
Authors: Twisk Denise E. , Meima Bram , Nieboer Daan , Richardus Jan Hendrik , Götz Hannelore M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe sole sexual health centre (SHC) in the greater Rotterdam area, the Netherlands, is instrumental in finding people unaware of their STI/HIV status. We hypothesized that travel distance to the SHC is inversely associated with SHC utilisation. Insight in area-specific utilisation is needed for potential new outreach policies to enhance STI testing. MethodsThe study population consists of all residents aged 15 to 45 years in the greater Rotterdam area (2015-2017). We linked SHC consultation data from STI tested heterosexual clients to the population registry. The association between SHC utilisation and distance was investigated by multilevel modelling, adjusting for sociodemographic and area-specific determinants. The data was also stratified by age (aged below 25) and migratory background (non-Western), since SHC triage may affect their utilisation. We used straight-line distance between the centroid of the postal code area and SHC address as a proxy for travel distance. ResultsWe found large area variation in SHC utilisation (ranged from 1.13 to 48.76 per 1,000 residents). Both individual and area level determinants determine utilisation. Travel distance explained most area variation and was inversely associated with SHC utilisation when adjusted for other sociodemographic and area-specific determinants (odds ratio [OR] per kilometre: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.96). Similar results were obtained for residents aged below 25 (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94-0.96), but not for non-Western residents (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99-1.00). ConclusionLiving further away from the sole SHC in the greater Rotterdam area decreases utilisation. This provides evidence for local policy to enhance STI testing, for example by offering STI testing services closer to the population.
Development of an Implementation Process Model: A Delphi Study
Authors: Parker Gillian , Kastner Monika , Born Karen , Berta Whitney 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: There is general scarcity of research on key elements of implementation processes and the factors which impact implementation success. Implementation of healthcare interventions is a complex process. Tools to support implementation can facilitate this process and improve effectiveness of the interventions and clinical outcomes. Understanding the impact of implementation support tools is a critical aspect of this process. The objective of this study was to solicit knowledge and consensus from relevant implementation science and knowledge translation healthcare experts in order to refine and validate a process model of key elements in the implementation process.Methods: A two round consensus-based modiﬁed Delphi study involving international experts in knowledge translation and implementation (researchers, scientists, professors, decision-makers) was conducted. Participants rated and commented on all aspects of the process model, including the organization, content, scope, and structure. Delphi questions rated at 75% agreement or lower were reviewed and revised. Qualitative comments supported the restructuring and refinement. A second-round survey followed the same process as Round 1. Results: Fifty-four experts participated in Round 1, and 32 experts participated in Round 2. Twelve percent (n=6) of the Round 1 questions did not reach consensus. Key themes for revision and refinement were: stakeholder engagement throughout the process, iterative nature of the implementation process; importance of context; and importance of using guiding theories or frameworks. The process model was revised and refined based on the quantitative and qualitative data and reassessed by the experts in Round 2. Consensus was achieved on all items in Round 2 and the Delphi concluded. Additional feedback was obtained regarding terminology, target users and definition of the implementation process.Conclusions: High levels of agreement were attained for all sub-domains, elements, and sub-elements of the Implementation Process Model. This validated model will be used to develop an Implementation Support Tool to be used by healthcare providers to facilitate effective implementation and improved clinical outcomes.
Convergent Molecular Evolution of PEPC Gene Family in C4 and CAM Plants
Authors: Shu Jiang-Ping , Yan Yue-Hong , Wang Rui-Jiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), as the key enzyme in initial carbon fixation of C4 and crassulacean acid mechanism (CAM) pathways, was thought to undergo convergent adaptive changes resulted in the convergent evolution of C4 and CAM photosynthesis in vascular plants. However, the integral evolutionary history and convergence of PEPC in plants remained lack of understanding. Results: In present study, we identified the members of PEPC gene family across green plants with genomic data, found ten conserved motifs and modeled three-dimensional protein structures of 90 plant-type PEPC genes. After reconstructed PEPC gene family tree and reconciled with species tree, we found PEPC genes occurred 71 gene duplications and 16 gene losses, which might result from whole-genome duplication events in plants. Based on the integral phylogenetic tree of PEPC gene family, we detected four convergent evolution sites of PEPC in C4 species but no one in CAM species. Conclusions: PEPC gene family was ubiquitous and highly conservative in green plants. After originated from gene duplication of ancestral C3-PEPC, C4-PEPC isoforms underwent convergent molecular substitution that facilitated the convergent evolution of C4 photosynthesis in Angiosperms, but PEPC gene did not exist molecular convergence corresponded to the multiple independent evolution of CAM photosynthesis. Our findings help to understand the origin and evolution of C4 and CAM pathways and shed new light on the adaptation of plants in drought and high-temperature habitats.
Retinitis Pigmentosa Is Associated With Shifts in The Gut Microbiome
Authors: Kutsyr Oksana , Maestre-Carballa Lucía , Lluesma-Gomez Mónica , Martinez-Garcia Manuel , Cuenca Nicolás , Lax Pedro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The gut microbiome is known to influence the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, there has been relatively little focus upon the implications of the gut microbiome in retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) that leads to photoreceptor degeneration and is the main worldwide cause of complete blindness in adulthood. Here, we investigated changes in gut microbiome composition linked to RP, by assessing both retinal degeneration and gut microbiome in the rd10 mouse model of RP as compared to control C57BL/6J mice.Results: In rd10 mice, retinal responsiveness to flashlight stimuli was deteriorated with respect to observed in age-matched control mice, with decreased amplitudes in the a- and b-wave responses of the electroretinogram and concomitant reduction of the visual acuity. This functional decline in dystrophic animals was accompanied by photoreceptor loss, evidenced by decreased outer nuclear layer thickness, and morphologic anomalies in photoreceptor cells. Changes in retinal neurons were paralleled to induction of reactive gliosis in retina, with increased microglial cell numbers and higher Müller cell reactivity in rd10 mice. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data showed a microbial gut dysbiosis with differences in alpha and beta diversity at the genera, species and amplicon sequence variants (ASV) levels between dystrophic and control mice. A taxonomic partitioning of ASV was observed since unique ASVs present in only one group had a cumulative relative microbial abundance between 17.6% (rd10 mice) and 26.7% (C57BL/6J mice). Remarkably, four fairly common ASV in healthy gut microbiome belonging to -Rikenella spp., Muribaculaceace spp., Prevotellaceae UCG-001 spp., and Bacilli spp.- were absent in the gut microbiome of retinal disease mice, while Bacteroides caecimuris was significantly enriched in mice with retinitis pigmentosa. Conclusions: Our results indicate that retinal degenerative changes in retinitis pigmentosa are linked to relevant gut microbiome changes. The findings suggest that microbiome shifting could be considered as potential biomarker and therapeutic target for retinal degenerative diseases.
Peptidome-Based Serotyping of The Food-Borne Pathogens Salmonella Enterica by Label-Free Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Xixi , Yang Yang , Wang Lian , Li Ming , Zhang Peng , Liang Shufang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Food-borne diseases caused by Salmonella enteric serovars represent a serious public health problem worldwide . More than 2500 different serovars have been reported to relate with food-borne diseases according to the classification of White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme by now. A quick identification for the pathogens is critical for controlling food pollution and disease spreading. Results: Here we applied a peptidomic analysis for quickly and precisely identifying serovar-specific peptide markers based on LC-MS/MS profiling of epidemiologically important Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars in China. By label-free quantitative peptidomics MS identification, the 53 most variable serovar-related peptides were screened as potential peptide biomarkers, based on which a C5.0 predicted model with 4 predictor peptides was generated and a test set of 17 Salmonella enterica strains were classified with the accuracy of 94.12%. It is effective to determine the genotypic similarity among Salmonella enteric isolates according to each strain peptidome profiling, which is indicative of potential incidence even breakout of food contamination. This high-throughput strain peptidomic fingerprints are complementary to the genomic patterns by PFGE analysis for precise identification of 5 Salmonella enterica serovars including Enteritidis , Typhimurium , London, Rissen and Derby . The biological analysis showed that most of the changed peptides/proteins were enzymes related to nucleoside phosphate and energy metabolism. Conclusions: the LC-MS/MS based quantitative peptidomic dissection on Salmonella enteric serovars provides a novel insight and real-time monitoring of food-borne pathogens.
Neuroprotective Effects of Panax Notoginseng Saponins against Cerebral Ischemia via Improving Glutamate Metabolism Pathway: In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Qiao Yuan , Ma Qing , Li Ya , Fan Chunlan , Tang Minke 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke patients suffer from relatively limited treatment options. Studies have shown that glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. However, excessive glutamate in the extracellular cause cell apoptosis, and neurodegenerative processed after cerebral ischemia stroke. Glutamate metabolism pathway is necessary for glutamate clearance after ischemic stroke. Here we investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) on glutamate metabolism pathway. Methods: we used mice impaired by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reoxygenation (OGD/R) to test the potential mechanism of PNS. In vivo, we determined the cerebral infarction volume and measured brain water content. In vitro, we measured the astrocytes viability and evaluated the morphology of astrocyte. In addition, glutamate uptake, Na+-K+-ATPase activity, the expression levels of glutamate transporter GLT-1 and glutamine synthetase (GS) were determined in vivo and in vitro. Results: In vivo, we demonstrated that PNS could significantly decrease cerebral ischemia injury and improve neurological function in mice impaired by MCAO. In vitro, we found that PNS increased astrocytes viability, inhibited LDH leakage, and improved morphology of astrocytes under OGD/R. Additionally, we reported that both in vivo and in vitro, PNS enhanced the glutamate uptake and Na+-K+-ATPase activity, and up-regulated the expression levels of glutamate transporter GLT-1 and GS. Conclusion: this study suggested that PNS protects against cerebral ischemia induced brain damage. The possible mechanism is related with inhibiting glutamate accumulation by improving glutamate metabolism pathway.
Magnitude of Medication Administration Error and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Zone Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia
Authors: Haile Hiwot Fikadu , Takele Abulie Melku , Abdi Addisu Gemechu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Administration of medication is the primary responsibility of nurses. Medication errors occurring during the drug administration process can be attributed to a variety of safety effects, ranging from undetected errors to prolonged hospital stays, discomfort and death.Objective: To determine the magnitude of the medication administration error and associated factors among nurses working at Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Zone Oromia Region, South East Ethiopia.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital Inpatient Department from February to March, 2020. The study included three hundred ninety-eight medication interventions administered by 89 inpatient unit working nurses during the study period. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire and drug administration assessment using a checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and Frequency , Percentage, Means and SD were analyzed for descriptive analysis. COR and AOR were calculated to see the association of independent variables and uncontrolled hypertension at 95% CI and p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result: The magnitude of the medication error was 248 (62.3%). The most common type of medication error was wrong documentary evidence (53.5% ) , followed by wrong time (39.2%) and wrong dosage (28.%). Variables that were substantially associated with medication administration error include work experience of nurses 0-4 years (AOR = 10.8, 95% CI (4.5-25.86), 5-9 years of service (AOR = 4.05, 95% CI (1.47-11.715), nurses 1-6 (AOR = 0.36, 95% CI (0.17-0.76) nurses 7-10 (AOR = 0.45, 95%CI (0.21-0.96) route IV of medication (AOR =0.13, 95 % CI (0.03 - 0.60) and IM route (AOR =.0.12, 95 % CI (0.02 -0.74) at p-value <0.05. Conclusion: Medication administration error was highly prevalent. Work experience, nurse to patient ratio and route of medication administration were statistically significant factors associated with occurrence of medication administration error. The preparation of nurses and the hospital staff profile would be helpful in minimizing mistakes in the administration of drugs.
Efficacy and Safety of Xuebijing Injection for Severe Pneumonia: A Protocol for A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Mina , Feng Luda , Zhang Shuwen , Jiang Ping , Liang Ning , Huang Po , Xu Xiaolong , Liu Qingquan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Severe pneumonia (SP) is a life-threatening condition without specific treatment options. Although there are many available treatment options for SP, most of the therapies have been associated with mild or severe side effects. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to examine the efficacy and safety of Xuebijing injection (XBJ), a Chinese patent approved by the China Food and Drug Administration, for treating patients with SP.Methods: An electronic and manual search of published articles, ongoing trials, dissertations, and grey literature will be performed. Electronic databases including Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Data, SinoMed will be searched without language restrictions from their inception to 01/10/2020. All randomized controlled trials where (a) XBJ is compared with placebo or no treatment, (b) XBJ plus routine treatment is compared with routine treatment, and (c) XBJ plus co-interventions are compared with co-interventions will be included. Severe pneumonia-related mortality will be set as the primary outcome. Study inclusion, data extraction, and quality assessment will be independently performed by two reviewers. Review Manager 5.3 is to be used to perform the assessment of the risk of bias, data synthesis, and subgroup analysis. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach will be used to evaluate the quality of the overall evidence. This protocol was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols.Discussion: This proposed systematic review and meta-analysis will identify and synthesise evidence to clarify efficacy and safety of XBJ for SP. The results will help provide the best available evidence to decision-makers.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020181234
Correlates of HIV Testing Frequency in MSM Based on a Survey from 2011-2018: A Hint for Risk Reduction Strategy
Authors: Liu Zhongquan , Chen Yang , Yao Tingting , Zhang Tiantian , Song Desheng , Liu Yuanyuan , Yu Maohe , Xu Jie , Li Zhijun , Yang Jie , Cui Zhuang , Li Changping , Ma Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:In recent years, HIV testing has become one of the effective strategies to reduce the risk of the disease. Frequent HIV testing can be cost effective. Therefore, an in-depth study of factors related to the testing behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM) were analyzed to optimize intervention strategies.Methods:From March 2011 to October 2018, the project was carried out in a Tianjin bathhouse, and 5165 MSM were surveyed using snowball sampling. Factors related to HIV testing behavior were analyzed by multi-level multiple logistic regression analysis after grouping according to testing frequency, and comprehensive analysis was performed.Results:The multivariate logistic analysis showed that 6 variables including young MSM(OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.49-0.92, P=0.01), low-education MSM (OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.47-0.76, P <0.0001), low AIDS knowledge (95% CI: 0.22-0.29, P <0.0001), marital status(OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07-1.58, p = 0.007), acceptance of condom promotion and distribution(OR = 10.98, 95% CI: 8.33-14.47, p <0.0001), and frequency of condom use(p <0.05) could link to HIV testing behaviors.Conclusions:In order to achieve the 90-90-90 goal, targeted publicity and education and promote self-testing kit should be carried out to encourage frequent HIV testing, mainly including Young MSM (especially students), low-education people, married MSM and those who cannot keep using condoms during anal sex.
Investigation on Magnetorheological Finishing of thin Copper Substrate
Authors: Pan Bo , Kang Renke , Zhang Yunfei , Li Kailong , Du Dongxing , Guo Xiaoguang , Wang Bin , Wang Chao , Guo Jiang , Zhu Xianglong , Huang Wen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thin copper substrates in precision physical experiments are commonly machined by double-sided lapping to obtain high flatness. However, the flatness is limited by the accuracy of lapping plate, process vibration and so on in double-sided lapping process. Hence, magnetorheological finishing (MRF) with its good performance on profile modification is employed to improve the flatness. Nevertheless, thin copper substrates, which are sensitive to the stress, deformed easily with uneven material removal on the surface. In this paper, MRF is conducted on machining thin copper substrate for the first time considering deformation induced by stress. A finite element model is established to evaluate the deformation by residual stress, and the results show that the deformation tends to be more serious with the increase of the material removal. According to the simulation results, the material removal is optimized considering both deformation and efficiency, and a series of experiments are conducted on a Φ100×2.8 mm workpiece to verify the simulation results. The experimental results show that the flatness is further improved from peak to valley (PV) 6.6 μm to PV 2.3 μm with optimized processing parameters. Hence, the feasibility of magnetorheological finishing on thin copper substrate is demonstrated.
PD-L1 Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma: Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Gupta Mehak , Manjari Mridu , Kaur Harjot 
Published: November 2020

Background : Colorectal carcinoma is the most common type of GIT malignancy which is a multifactorial process with etiology encompassing genetic factors, environmental exposures and inflammatory conditions of the digestive tract.
Method: 40 histologically proven cases of colorectal carcinoma were subjected for IHC expression of PD-L1 using Biocare kit. PD-L1 was taken positive as yellow to brown particles in membrane, cytoplasm or both. It was graded depending upon staining intensity and percentage of the cells and scoring was done by multiplying both and ≥ 3 was taken as positive score.
Result : Most of the cases were in 6th and 7th decade of life (62.5%) with M:F ratio being 1.4:1. Most common site involved was rectum. Histologically 29 cases were conventional adenocarcinoma with rest being mucinous and mucin secreting type and most of them being moderately differentiated (70%). On immunohistochemistry, PD-L1 expression was seen in 20 cases with moderate and strong intensity. But PD-L1 score was positive in 14 cases (35%). TIL was positive in 57.5% of the cases. Statistically there was significant correlation between histological type of tumor with PD-L1 (p value=0.03) and TIL (p value=0.017). Although PD-L1 positivity was insignificant with histological differentiation (p value=0.65) but TIL was significant (p value=0.03).
Conclusion : PD-L1 expression is relevant to the prognosis as well as for further CRC therapies whereas the TIL cell positivity has become an independent predictor of patients survival.