bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell culture-based karyotyping of orectolobiform sharks for chromosome-scale genome analysis
Authors: Uno Yoshinobu , Nozu Ryo , Kiyatake Itsuki , Higashiguchi Nobuyuki , Sodeyama Shuji , Murakumo Kiyomi , Sato Keiichi , Kuraku Shigehiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKaryotyping, traditionally performed using cytogenetic techniques, is indispensable for validating genome assemblies whose sequence lengths can be scaled up to chromosome sizes using modern methods. Karyotype reports of chondrichthyans are scarce because of the difficulty in cell culture. Here, we focused on carpet shark species and the culture conditions for fibroblasts and lymphocytes. The utility of the cultured cells enabled the high-fidelity characterization of their karyotypes, namely 2n = 102 for the whale shark (Rhincodon typus) and zebra shark (Stegostoma fasciatum), and 2n = 106 for the brownbanded bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) and whitespotted bamboo shark (C. plagiosum). We identified heteromorphic XX/XY sex chromosomes for the two latter species and demonstrated the first-ever fluorescence in situ hybridization of shark chromosomes prepared from cultured cells. Our protocols are applicable to diverse chondrichthyan species and will deepen the understanding of early vertebrate evolution at the molecular level.
The pathways and domain specificity of Cu(i) binding to human metallothionein 1A
Authors: Melenbacher Adyn , Korkola Natalie C , Stillman Martin J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCopper is an essential element, but as a result of numerous adverse reactions, it is also a cellular toxin. Nature protects itself from these toxic reactions by binding cuprous copper to chaperones and other metalloproteins. Metallothionein has been proposed as a storage location for Cu(i) and potentially as the donor of Cu(i) to copper-dependent enzymes. We report that the addition of Cu(i) to apo recombinant human metallothionein 1a cooperatively forms a sequential series of Cu(i)–cysteinyl thiolate complexes that have specific Cu(i) : MT stoichiometries of 6 : 1, 10 : 1, and finally 13 : 1. The individual domain Cu : SCys stoichiometries were determined as Cu6S9 (for 6 : 1), Cu6S9 + Cu4S6 (for 10 : 1), and Cu6S9 + Cu7S9 (for 13 : 1) based on the number of modified free cysteines not involved in Cu(i) binding. The stoichiometries are associated with Cu–SCys cluster formation involving bridging thiols in the manner similar to the clusters formed with Cd(ii) and Zn(ii). The locations of these clustered species within the 20 cysteine full protein were determined from the unique speciation profiles of Cu(i) binding to the β and α domain fragments of recombinant human metallothionein 1a with 9 and 11 cysteines, respectively. Competition reactions using these domain fragments challenged Cu(i) metallation of the βα protein, allowing the sequence of cluster formation in the full protein to be determined. Relative binding constants for each Cu(i) bound are reported. The emission spectra of the Cu4S6, Cu6S9, and Cu7S9 clusters have unique λmax and phosphorescent lifetime properties. These phosphorescent data provide unambiguous supporting evidence for the presence of solvent shielded clusters reported concurrently by ESI-MS. Simulated emission spectra based on the cluster specific emission profiles matched the experimental spectra and are used to confirm that the relative concentrations seen by ESI-MS are representative of the solution. Our results suggest that the availability of a series of sequential Cu(i)–thiolate clusters provides flexibility as a means of protecting the cell from toxicity while still allowing for homeostatic control of the total copper content in the cell. This mechanism provides a dynamic and reactive method of reducing the cellular free copper concentrations.
HLA-J, a Non-Pseudogene as a New Prognostic Marker for Therapy Response and Survival in Breast Cancer
Authors: Würfel Franziska M. , Wirtz Ralph M. , Winterhalter Christoph , Taffurelli Mario , Santini Donatella , Mandrioli Anna , Veltrup Elke , Rübner Matthias , Fasching Peter A. , Würfel Wolfgang , Zamagni Claudio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are cell-surface proteins, essential for immune cell interaction. HLA-G is known for their high immunosuppressive effect and its potential as predictive marker in breast cancer. However, nothing is known about the HLA-J and its immunosuppressive, prognostic and predictive features, as it is assumed to be a “pseudogene” by in silico sequence interpretation. HLA-J, ESR1, ERBB2, KRT5 and KRT20 mRNA expression were analysed in 29 fresh frozen breast cancer biopsies and their corresponding resectates obtained from patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). mRNA was analysed with gene specific TaqMan-based Primer/Probe sets and normalized to Calmodulin 2. All breast cancer samples did express HLA-J and frequently increased HLA-J mRNA levels after NACT. HLA-J mRNA was significantly associated with overexpression of the ESR1 mRNA status (Spearman ρ 0,5679; p = 0.0090) and KRT5 mRNA (Spearman ρ 0,6121; p = 0.0041) in breast cancer core biopsies and dominated in luminal B subtype. Kaplan Meier analysis revealed that an increase of HLA-J mRNA expression after NACT had worse progression free survival (p = 0,0096), indicating a counterreaction of tumor tissues presumably to prevent elimination by enhanced immune infiltration induced by NACT. This counterreaction is associated with worse prognosis. To our knowledge this is the first study identifying HLA-J as a new predictive marker in breast cancer being involved in immune evasion mechanisms.
Stationsäquivalente Behandlung: Eine Chance für die Weiterentwicklung psychiatrischer Versorgung
Authors: Brieger Peter , Menzel Susanne , Ketisch Eva 
Published: November 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Beitrag beleuchtet die gesundheitspolitischen Aspekte stationsäquivalenter Behandlung (StäB). StäB ist eine Chance, neue Behandlungskonzepte zu entwickeln und zum Nutzen der behandelten Menschen und ihrer Angehörigen eine Krankenhausbehandlung zu vermeiden. Sie dient der Entstigmatisierung und der Normalisierung. StäB ist ein Paradigma neuer Versorgungsformen. Deswegen sollte aus unserer Sicht die StäB-Behandlung unbedingt weiter ausgebaut werden, auch wenn es in der momentanen Umsetzung offenkundige Hindernisse und Schwierigkeiten gibt.
Das niederländische Weiterbildungssystem in Aachen – nur wenige Kilometer oder Welten entfernt? Ergebnisse einer Machbarkeitsstudie
Authors: Schmitz Sophia M. , Ulmer Tom F. , Olde Damink Steven W. M. , Neumann Ulf P. , Roeth Anjali A. 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Systeme der chirurgischen Weiterbildung unterscheiden sich welt- und auch europaweit stark. Im Rahmen des European Surgical Centers Aachen Maastricht ist unsere Klinik eng mit der chirurgischen Klinik der Maastrichter Uniklinik verbunden. Hierdurch werden die Unterschiede in der chirurgischen Weiterbildung besonders deutlich. In den Niederlanden findet nach jeder Operation eines Weiterbildungsassistenten (WBA) strukturiertes Feedback nach dem OSATS-Prinzip (Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills) statt. Ziel dieser Studie war es, das OSATS-Konzept aus Maastricht auch im Aachener Teil des European Surgical Centers Aachen Maastricht einzuführen und die Umsetzbarkeit sowie den Wert für die Weiterbildung zu evaluieren.
Material und Methoden Für die Dauer von 3 Monaten wurde das OSATS-Feedbacksystem in unserer Klinik im Rahmen einer prospektiven Probandenstudie evaluiert. Sieben von 10 WBA, die sich während der Studie in einer Rotation innerhalb unserer Kernklinik befanden, nahmen an der Studie teil (70%). Von den teilnehmenden WBA bekam die Hälfte nach jeder vollständig selbst durchgeführten Operation schriftliches Feedback durch den Ausbilder. Zusätzlich wurde, ebenso wie in der Kontrollgruppe, eine Eigenevaluation nach dem OSATS-System durchgeführt. Primärer Endpunkt war die Umsetzbarkeit des OSATS-Systems, sekundäre Endpunkte waren der Nutzen für die WBA sowie die Unterschiede zwischen Selbst- und Fremdevaluation.
Ergebnisse Das OSATS-System ließ sich einfach in unserer Klinik umsetzen und wurde gut akzeptiert. Durchschnittlich wurden nach 70% der Operationen Feedback-Bögen ausgefüllt. Die Fremdevaluation wurde als sehr nützlich empfunden, die Selbstevaluation dagegen weniger. Das Ausfüllen der Bögen wurde als nicht zeitintensiv bewertet (unter 3 Minuten) und die Mehrzahl der WBA (86%) befürworten eine dauerhafte Einführung des OSATS-Systems in unserer Klinik.
Schlussfolgerung Das OSATS-System ist eine Möglichkeit, während der chirurgischen Weiterbildung strukturiertes Feedback zum Ausbildungsstand und zu nächsten Schritten geben zu können. Es kann einfach in die chirurgische Weiterbildung in Deutschland integriert werden. Eine schriftliche Evaluation durch den Ausbildenden wird von den WBA als sehr nützlich empfunden.
COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Comorbidities
Authors: Müller-Wieland Dirk , Marx Nikolaus , Dreher Michael , Fritzen Katharina , Schnell Oliver 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe emergence of a new coronavirus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) - has resulted in a global pandemic. The associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a high number of death worldwide. Observational studies and case reports have provided insights that older age and the presence of chronic diseases is frequently associated with a higher COVID-19 severity. These individuals also seem to have a higher risk of mortality due to COVID-19. In this review we provide insights into the impact chronic diseases associated with the cardiovascular system, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease might have on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Additionally we review recommendations and guidance’s of international scientific associations and discuss which key learnings might be of importance for the future.
Studies on Bignoniaceae: Newbouldiosides D – F, Minor Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Newbouldia laevis, and New Flavonoids from Markhamia zanzibarica and Spathodea campanulata
Authors: Kolodziej Herbert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContinued examination of the stem bark of Newbouldia laevis afforded three minor phenylethanoid glycosides, designated as newbouldiosides D – F. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 5-O-syringoyl-β-D-apiofuranosyloxy-(1 → 2)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-6-O-E-sinapoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl β-D-apiofuranosyloxy-(1 → 2)-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-6-O-E-sinapoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, and β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl β-D-apiofuranosyloxy-(1 → 2)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-6-O-E-sinapoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. These metabolites are the first members possessing a sinapoyl structural element. In addition, the series of naturally occurring flavonoids is extended by the identification of
3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxy-5′-methoxyflavanone and apigenin-5-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside obtained from leaf extracts of Markhamia zanzibarica and aromadendrin-7-O-(2″-O-formyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside isolated from Spathodea campanulata. The latter compound is the first example of a flavonoid possessing a formylated glucosyl moiety.
Clinical benefit of the multibending endoscope for gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hamada Koichi , Horikawa Yoshinori , Shiwa Yoshiki , Techigawara Kae , Nagahashi Takayuki , Fukushima Daizo , Nishida Shinya , Koyanagi Ryota , Kawano Koichiro , Nishino Noriyuki , Honda Michitaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a technically difficult and time-consuming procedure. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of ESD using a multibending endoscope to treat superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms.Methods Patients with a single early gastric cancer who met the absolute or expanded indications for ESD according to the Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines were enrolled and randomly assigned to undergo ESD using a conventional endoscope (C-ESD) or a multibending endoscope (M-ESD). Randomization was stratified by ESD operator experience and tumor location. The primary outcome was ESD procedure time, calculated as the time from the start of submucosal injection to complete removal of the tumor.Results 60 patients were analyzed (30 C-ESD, 30 M-ESD). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) ESD procedure times for M-ESD and C-ESD were 34.6 (SD 17.2) and 47.2 (SD 26.7) minutes, respectively (P = 0.03). Muscle layer damage occurred significantly less frequently with M-ESD (0.2 [SD 0.7] vs. 0.7 [SD 1.0]; P = 0.04). There were no significant differences between the two techniques in procedure time or damage to muscle layers for tumors located in the lower third of the stomach.Conclusions ESD procedure time was significantly shorter with the multibending endoscope and fewer muscles were damaged. We recommend multibending endoscopy for ESD in the upper and middle thirds of the stomach to reduce procedure time and incidence of complications.
Artificial Intelligence in POCUS: The Vanguard of Technology in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Damodaran Srinath , Alva Arjun , Kumar Srinath , Kanchi Muralidhar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe creation of intelligent software or system, machine learning, and deep learning technologies are the integral components of artificial intelligence. Point-of-care ultrasound involves the bedside use of ultrasound to answer specific diagnostic questions and to assess real-time physiologic responses to treatment. This article provides insight into the pearls and pitfalls of artificial intelligence in point-of-care ultrasound for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Coronavirus and Homo Sapiens in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Natarajan Pooja , Kanchi Muralidhar , Gunaseelan Vikneswaran , Sigamani Alben , James Harmon , Kumar Belani 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918 globally claimed between 50 and 100 million lives. In India, it was referred to as “The Bombay Fever” and accounted for a fifth of the global death toll. The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), a new human-infecting β-coronavirus, has clearly demonstrated that the size of an organism does not reflect on its ability to affect an entire human population. 2019-nCOV, first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, spread rapidly globally. Disease in humans ranged from flulike symptoms to severe acute hypoxic respiratory failure. The virus appears closely related to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS) coronaviruses. Although bats were likely the original host, animals sold at the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan might have been the intermediate host that enabled the emergence of the virus in humans. Under the electron microscope, the SARS-CoV-2 virus grips its receptor tighter than the virus behind the SARS outbreak in 2003 to 2004. The viral particle docks onto the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and initiates viral entry. This review discusses the various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its structure, pathophysiology, mechanism of interaction with human cells, virulence factors, and drugs involved in the treatment of the disease.
5.1.13.3 Germylamines (Update 2020)
Authors: Weinert C. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis review describes the synthesis of compounds that have an organogermanium(IV) fragment (R13Ge) attached to a formally anionic nitrogen-containing fragment (R22N−). It is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution on these compounds (Section 5.1.13) and covers the literature published since 2003. The synthetic methods described include synthesis by metathesis, ligand exchange, and the oxidative addition of germylenes to different substrates. The synthesis of germylamines using heterocumulenes and the preparation of macrocyclic germylamines is also discussed.
14.4.14 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-ones (Update 2020)
Authors: Cheng B. , Wang T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 14.4.1) covering the synthesis of 2H-1-benzopyran-2-ones (also called coumarins or 2H-chromen-2-ones). Literature from 2003 to 2019 has been considered.
14.4.15 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-thiones (Update 2020)
Authors: Cheng B. , Wang T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 14.4.2) describing methods for the synthesis of 2H-1-benzopyran-2-thiones (thiocoumarins). It summarizes new synthetic technologies and surveys the literature published in the period 2003–2019.
14.4.17 3H-2-Benzopyran-3-ones (Update 2020)
Authors: Gao W.-C. , Tian J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 14.4.7) describing methods for the synthesis of 3H-2-benzopyran-3-ones. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2003–2019.
14.4.18 6H-Dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones (Update 2020)
Authors: Gao W.-C. , Tian J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 14.4.8) describing methods for the preparation of 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-ones. The methods come from the literature published in the period 2003–2019.
Envisioning a “science diplomacy 2.0”: on data, global challenges, and multi-layered networks
Authors: Turchetti Simone , Lalli Roberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe term “science diplomacy” broadly identifies interactions between scientific and foreign policy communities connected to the promotion of international scientific exchanges (also as a way to establish constructive relations between countries), and the provision of scientific advice on issues of relevance to more than one nation. Science diplomacy initiatives have been positively portrayed by practitioners, while recent scholarship has underscored the need for these actions to more directly address social and global challenges. In what follows we sketch the contours of a data-driven “science diplomacy 2.0” that could actually be seen as more directly tackling these challenges in two important ways. First, we outline a multi-layered approach that integrates data and meta-data from various disciplines in order to promote greater awareness about what kind of research should actually be prioritized in science diplomacy actions. Second, we argue for the creation of responsible innovation observatories for operationalizing such a methodology at both national and global levels.
Interference with Fresnel’s Biprism
Authors: Kallard T. 
Published: November 2020

The Fresnel biprism is the easiest device for obtaining the interference between two sections of a wavefront.
The biprism is usally made of a single piece of glass. It may be regarded as consisting of two equal triangular prisms base-to-base and with very small refracting angle α (&gt;1°).
Current Electricity
Authors: Edge R. D. 
Published: November 2020

It is impossible to employ the same simple equipment for experiments in electricity as it is for mechanics, heat and light, for example.
The primary requirement is a source of D.C. Batteries are most commonly used, but are a poor idea, since, from one semester to the next, new batteries must be found, the old ones having died on the shelf. It follows, a power supply running off the 120V A.C. is much preferable.
Examining the policy-practice gap- The issue of crop burning induced Particulate Matter pollution in Northwest India
Authors: Kaushal Leena Ajit 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The study examine the efficacy of government policy interventions initiated since 2014 to curb FCRB in NW Indian states and the related air pollution in Delhi-NCR during 2014-2019. The regression analysis suggests an increase in PM2.5 of ~69 µg/m3/1000 surge in fires. VIIRS retrieved data suggest an overall declining trend of ~1606 and ~4308 fire counts per year across NW states during October-November respectively. The monthly PM2.5 concentrations in New Delhi exhibits a decline of ~2.18 µg/m3 and ~5.17 µg/m3 per year over the same period. Despite an overall increase of ~17.6 % rice productivity, a noted decrease in fire activity over the period is an encouraging move, likely a result of some control imposed by authorities on FCRB. Owing to a significant ~35.5% rise in wheat productivity, data records rising trend in wheat residue burning activities in April (~1298/year) and May (~2402/year) but do not trigger extreme pollution due to difference in intensity of fires across harvesting seasons and relatively weak northwesterly wind direction.
Nevertheless, the overall high PM2.5 levels in October-November and April-May compared to NAAQS 24-hour average of 60µg/m3, disproves the overall efficacy of government policies to curb FCRB and related air pollution in IGP region.
Critical properties of symmetric nuclear matter in low-density regime using effective-relativistic mean field formalism
Authors: Parmar Vishal , Sharma M K , Patra S K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The effective field theory motivated relativistic mean-field (E-RMF) formalism is employed to study the equation of state (EoS) for the infinite symmetric nuclear matter (SNM) at finite temperature using the recently developed forces FSUGarnet, IOPB-I, G3, and the well known NL3 force parameter. The EoS is then used to estimate the critical temperature T
c, pressure P
c and density ρ
c of the SNM for the liquid–gas phase transition. As T
c is not a constrained parameter in both experiments and theoretical calculations, there is a large uncertainty around its value. Although, the critical parameters are correlated among themselves. It is revealed that vector self-coupling ζ
0 of used forces play determining role in EoS in finite temperature limit. Keeping the incompressibility in acceptable limit i.e. 240 ± 20 MeV, the lower value of ζ
0 gives a better result of T
c when compared to the several experimental data. The critical parameters however show weak correlation with the properties at saturation density at zero temperature. The compressibility factors calculated with these parameters are in agreement with the universal value of liquid–gas systems. Stability conditions are examined along with binodal and spinodal regions. Besides this, the thermodynamic properties like specific heat and latent heat are also worked out. We have carried out detailed consistency check of our calculations using critical exponents and standard scaling laws. All the exponents are well within the theoretical mean-field results.