bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between recalled use of legal UK youth gambling products and adult disordered gambling
Authors: Newall Philip W.S. , Russell Alex M.T. , Sharman Steve , Walasek Lukasz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and aims: The UK allows a number of gambling products to be legally used by people under the age of 18. The aim of this study was to explore associations between recalled legal usage of five youth gambling products and adult disordered gambling. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 1,057 adult UK gamblers, aged 18–40. Recalled legal use of five youth gambling products (category D fruit machines, coin push machines, crane grab machines, the National Lottery, and National Lottery scratchcards) was correlated with adult disordered gambling symptoms as measured by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Results: Recalled rates of legal engagement with each product ranged from 50.9% for Category D fruit machines to 96.6% for coin push machines. For category D fruit machines, the National Lottery, and National Lottery scratchcards, merely having legally engaged with these products as a child was associated with adult disordered gambling. Furthermore, higher levels of recalled legal youth usage with each of the five products was also associated with adult disordered gambling. Discussion and conclusions: These results relate to recent government proposals to increase the National Lottery scratchcard legal age to 18, and add to a wider literature on youth gambling and subsequent gambling-related harm.
A force measuring microsystem bases on electrothermal V-shaped actuator
Authors: Phuc Pham Hong 
Published: August 2020

This paper describes design and calculation of an electrothermal V-shaped actuator (EVA) and an amplification mechanism integrated into a force measuring microsystem (FMMS), aims to apply for characterization of a micro beam. Displacement and driving force are generated by thermal expansion of the V-shaped silicon beams while applying a voltage to the electrodes of the EVA. ANSYS simulation helps to find out the relations between thermal force and displacement corresponding to driving voltage and determine the temperature of V-shaped beam at various applying voltages. In our simulation, with applying voltage Um = 38 volt for six pairs of V-shaped beam, the maximal temperature of the beam reaches approximately to 1100°C and causes a melting phenomenon of the silicon beam. The additional amplification mechanism allows actuator's displacement to be 6 times larger than before the improvement, thus the bending deformation of the micro beam can be seen perfectly, i.e. the force loading on the beam can be computed more exactly via a measured displacement of the beam tip. In addition, this FMMS has smaller size and supplies a larger beam's deformation at the same voltage in comparison with previous design.
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions in primary care and correlates with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Harasani Klejda , Xhafaj Delina , Begolli Anxhela , Olvera-Porcel Maria C. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Potentially inappropriate prescribing is clearly associated with adverse health consequences among older people. Nevertheless, scarce evidence exists regarding the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP) in Albania, a Western Balkans country.
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of PIP among older Albanian patients in primary care and to determine the associated sociodemographic and medical factors, including the presence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Methods: Cross-sectional study in two primary healthcare centers located in two different cities of Albania, a middle-income country in the Western Balkans. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool was applied to evaluate MCI. PIPs were assessed by two trained pharmacists using the Beers criteria 2019 update. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted for possible risk factors predicting PIP in the study population.
Results: At least one PIP was identified among 40.23 % of the participants (174 older patients) and 10.35 % had more than one PIP. MCI was detected among 79.31 % of the patients. The most commonly represented drug groups in PIP were diuretics (24.71 %), benzodiazepines in the presence of MCI and antidepressants (both 8.62 %). The lack of electrolytes monitoring was the most common reason for PIP. According to the multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant association observed was between PIP and number of drugs prescribed [three to four drugs (OR 3.34; 95% CI 1.65:6.76), five or more than five drugs (OR 4.08; 95% CI 1.42:11.69)].
Conclusions: About four out of 10 older Albanian patients experience PIP in primary care. Further studies are needed for a comprehensive estimation of the prevalence and factors associated with PIP, particularly among elderly with mild cognitive impairment.
Co-Pd-Ag И Th-REE МИНЕРАЛИЗАЦИЯ ВМЕЩАЮЩИХ ПОРОД ЭКЗОКОНТАКТОВОЙ ЗОНЫ МАССИВА ТАШЛЫ-ТАУ ХУДОЛАЗОВСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА (ЮЖНЫЙ УРАЛ): УСЛОВИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ИСТОЧНИКИ ВЕЩЕСТВА
Authors: Рахимов Ильдар Рашитович , Анкушева Наталья Николаевна , Холоднов Владимир Васильевич 
Published: August 2020

Актуальность. Экзоконтактовые породы рудоносных массивов худолазовского дифференцированного комплекса практически не изучены на предмет геохимических характеристик и рудной минерализации. Цель: минералого-геохимическая характеристика пород экзоконтактовой зоны массива Ташлы-Тау и оценка состава и PT-параметров минералообразующего флюида. Методы: полевые геологические работы, оптическая и электронная микроскопия, рентгеноспектральный (EDS и WDS) анализ состава минералов, XRF и ICP MS анализ химического состава пород. Результаты. Впервые в экзоконтактовых породах массивов худолазовского комплекса обнаружена Co-Pd-Ag и Th-REE минерализация, представленная самостоятельными минеральными фазами Fe-Ni-кобальтина, Fe-Co-герсдорфита, майчнерита, гессита, монацита. Выделены зоны дальнего и ближнего экзоконтакта рудоносного массива Ташлы-Тау, различающиеся по степени метаморфизма и метасоматоза вмещающих его песчаников. В зоне ближнего экзоконтакта развиты кварц-кальцитовые жилы, несущие Co-Pd-Ag минерализацию. В сульфоарсенидах обнаружена примесь Pd (до 0,44 %), прямо коррелирующая с содержанием Ni. Кварцевые и кварц-хлорит-полевошпатовые жилы зон ближнего и дальнего экзоконтакта несут рассеянную Th-REE минерализацию. Кроме того, в кварцевых жилах поздней генерации были обнаружены зёрна гётит-гематитового состава, содержащие примеси Pd (до 0,17–0,32 %) и Rh (до 0,03 %). Установлено, что источником Co-Pd-Ag минерализации вмещающих пород является сам массив Ташлы-Тау, породы и руды которого на постмагматическом этапе были переработаны гидротермальным флюидом. В качестве источника Th-REE минерализации экзоконтактовой зоны предполагаются породы биягодинской свиты (песчаники с глинистым цементом). По данным термобарогеохимии ранние сульфидно-кварцевые и поздние сульфидно-кварц-карбонатные жилы отлагались при остывании единого гидротермального Na-K-Mg-хлоридного флюида при температуре от 370–320 до 280–250 °С и его разбавлении от 10,6 до 6 мас. %, соответственно.
Corporate Criminal Liability Against the Biological Natural Resources and Ecosystems
Authors: Hasani Jazau Elvi 
Published: August 2020

Indonesia has various natural resources, including a diversity of natural and biological wealth. Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution outlines that the state should control natural resources for national prosperity. Biological natural resources can appropriately situate with the conservation effort and the government plays a vital role in maintaining biological natural resources and ecosystems. The development of biological natural resources and ecosystems is essentially an integral part of sustainable national development, and efforts to conserve biological natural resources and their ecosystems are realized by analyzing and evaluating the existing legislation. This paper aims to discuss the corporate criminal liability in Indonesia in the case of the conservation of biological natural resources and ecosystems. Then, it suggests the possible revisions regarding the biological national resources legislations. Revision of the Act on the conservation of biological natural resources has started since 2018 as it is prioritized under the national legislation program. As the revision put the crucial part of the legal creation, the protection of biological natural resources and their ecosystem becomes the government's primary concern because the existing regulation still has no deterrent effect for violators.
KEYWORDS: Corporate Criminal Liabilities, Biological Natural Resources and Ecosystems, Criminal Provisions.
The ISDS Mechanism and Standards of Protection in the Investment Treaty
Authors: Pratama Pandu Rizky Putra , Amalia Prita 
Published: August 2020

International investment activities require legal certainty for investors. While the host country also needs legal certainty related to state sovereignty, legal protection is needed for investors and the host country to realize legal certainty in investment activities. Countries in the world entered into investment agreements to provide legal protection for investment activities. In investment agreements, generally, there are requirements to comply with the national law of the host country to get protection from investment agreements. This study aims to review the implications of not fulfilling the obligations in the investment agreement to apply the benefits contained therein, specifically regarding ISDS mechanism and protection standards. This study finds that the impact of the non-fulfillment of these obligations on the ISDS mechanism depends on the admission clause specified in the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT). On standards of protection, it refers to general principles of international law and arbitration decisions, investments that violate these obligations do not receive international legal protection. This research suggests the Indonesian Government tighten the admission clause in the BIT to prevent investors from using the ISDS mechanism in the BIT and to specify the impact of violating obligations to comply with the national laws of the host country.
KEYWORDS: International Investment Law, Standards of Protection, Bilateral Investment Treaty
Outlining Gay's Right to Health in Jember, Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Rokhmah Dewi , Khoiron Khoiron , Yani Ristya Widi Endah 
Published: August 2020

Increased HIV prevalence in gay populations is a warning that needs to get government attention. AIDS prevention programs in gay populations have been implementing various methods to change high-risk behavior. However, HIV prevalence in gay populations continues to rise. The Indonesian Constitution affirms human rights, including the right to life, the right against discrimination, and other fundamental rights protected by the state. The research results showed that the fulfillment of the right to health in gay is not going well or less effective. It was evidenced by the percentage of gay that reaches out to health services was still limited. Gays were reluctant to access health services because of the lack of confidentiality and privacy of the services of health workers, the general public, and the limited facilities. Besides, stigma and discrimination are still often received both from health workers and families and communities. They worried other gays would know the result of the test of VCT. There is a need for standardization of services at all subdistrict health centers and hospitals providing VCT services for gay in Jember.
KEYWORDS: Constitutional Rights, Human Rights, the Right to Health.
Challenges for Teacher Profession in Contemporary Indonesia: A Regulatory Analysis
Authors: Arifin Saru 
Published: August 2020

The Indonesian government shows the commitment to include teachers as a noble profession by enacting the Act on Teacher and Lecturer in 2014. This Act outlines and protects the teaching profession so that teachers are expected to be able to work safely and comfortably in carrying out their professional duties. However, the way to strengthen this teacher profession does not respond to many cases resulting in teacher insecurity and discomfort in carrying out the profession. Teachers often experience various considerable threats of violence and intimidation from students, parents, and community members. This paper will discuss the legal protection for teachers in carrying out their profession. The discussion includes the factors that often cause teachers to face criminal limits and strengthen legal protection for teachers in carrying out their noble profession.
KEYWORDS: Legal Protection, Education, Teacher Profession.
Scientific Principles of Food Safety in the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Authors: Adiwibowo Yusuf 
Published: August 2020

Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) is a procedure to protect human, animal or plant life or health set in Article XX(b) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). This Agreement authorizes the government to arrange a policy, but this domestic measure often results in a trade dispute. Therefore, this study enquires to extent measure on the scientific principles in food safety comply with Article XX (b) GATT. In the context, each WTO Member State has two options to show that measures of handling problems related to SPS are based on science, as outlined in Article XX (b) GATT must be measured by scientific principles. First, actions can be based on international standards so that each member state must adopt the Codex Alimentarius Commission. Second, actions can be based on Scientific Risk Assessment. SPS Agreement recognizes the right of states to maintain standards that are more stringent than international standards, or because international standards do not exist. Relevant scientific principles are useful for measurable events that have scientific information beforehand so that the state's policy can be guided by the existing measures. In vice versa, members may temporarily determine sanitary or phytosanitary actions based on available information.
KEYWORDS: Scientific Principles, Food Safety, Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, World Trade Organization.
UMUR SIMPAN SAMBAL PARI (Dasyatis Sp.) ASAP YANG DIKEMAS JAR PADA BEBERAPA CARA PEMASAKAN DENGAN METODE PENDUGAAN ACCELERATED SHELF-LIFE TESTING (ASLT)
Authors: Affandi Dian Rachmawanti , Sanjaya Adhitya Pitara , Mardiana Santi Rahma 
Published: August 2020

<p>Penambahan ikan pari asap pada pembuatan sambal dapat menjadi alternatif pengolahan ikan pari asap dan menghasilkan sambal dengan cita rasa khas. Selama penyimpanan, sambal mengalami penurunan mutu secara mikrobiologi serta menyebabkan perubahan aroma dan timbulnya asam pada sambal sehingga produk ditolak oleh konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi cara kualitas sensoris, kimiawi, dan mikrobiologis sambal ikan pari asap kemasan <em>jar </em>kaca selama penyimpanan, umur simpan sambal, serta menentukan cara pemasakan untuk memperpanjang umur simpan sambal. Pengemasan menggunakan <em>jar </em>kaca dan variasi cara pemasakan pada sambal ikan pari asap dilakukan untuk mencegah penurunan mutu. Variasi cara pemasakan yang dilakukan yaitu pemasakan kering (P1), pemasakan setengah kering (P2), dan pemasakan kering dengan penambahan minyak setelah pemasakan (P3). Selanjutnya, untuk memenuhi standar keamanan pangan dan sebagai jaminan mutu dilakukan pendugaan umur simpan sambal ikan pari asap menggunakan metode ASLT model Arrhenius yang memiliki waktu pengujian relatif singkat dengan ketepatan dan akurasi tinggi. Parameter yang diuji adalah sensoris aroma, total asam tertitrasi (TAT), dan <em>total plate count </em>(TPC). Penurunan mutu sambal diamati pada penyimpanan suhu 35˚C, 45˚C dan 55˚C selama 48 jam dengan waktu pengamatan setiap 12 jam sekali. Berdasarkan hasil peneli tian, tiga variasi cara pemasakan sambal ikan pari asap memiliki penurunan mutu yang berbeda-beda selama penyimpanan. Umur simpan sambal ikan pari asap kemasan <em>jar</em> kaca menurut parameter kritis TAT pada cara pemasakan kering (P1) pada suhu 30˚C adalah 165,95 jam. Pada variasi pemasakan setengah kering (P2), umur simpan sambal pada suhu 30˚C adalah 155,04 jam. Pada variasi pemasakan kering dengan penambahan minyak (P3), umur simpan sambal pada suhu 30˚C adalah 197,96 jam. Variasi pemasakan kering dengan penambahan minyak goreng setelah pemasakan merupakan cara terbaik untuk memperpanjang umur simpan sambal ikan pari asap kemasan <em>jar </em>kaca.</p><p> </p><br clear="ALL" /><p> </p>
THE APPLICATION-BASED ANALYSIS OF QUESTIONS ITEM QUALITY IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Rabiatul Adawiah  
Published: August 2020

The activity of analyzing the items is one of the obligations for each teacher in an effort to improve the quality of the questions. However, for Civics Education teachers, this has never been done especially for questions created by the Subject Teachers' Consultation which are used for the end-semester assessment. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the questions based on distinguishing feature, level of difficulty, and effectiveness of the distractor. This study is an evaluation study of 50 items of Civics Education Subject test in Banjarmasin, totaling 50 questions in the form of multiple choice questions at the end-semester test, academic year 2019/2020. The data collected are in the form of: (1) final exams question sheet, (2) question answer key sheet, and (3) students’ answer sheet. All data is obtained by documentation techniques. Data analysis uses the AnBuso version 8.0 application. The criteria for determining the quality of items are: (a) questions are considered good if the distinguishing feature is good/good enough, the level of difficulty is medium and all alternative answers are effective, (b) revision of alternative answers, if the distinguishing feature is good/good enough and the level of difficulty is medium, but the alternative there are ineffective answers, (c) good enough, if the distinguishing feature is good/good enough but the level of difficulty is easy/difficult, and (d) not good, if the distinguishing feature is not good. The results of this study indicate that the questions used for the end-semester test at Junior High School in Banjarmasin are 50 % of poor quality.
Aerobic exercise capacity is maintained over a 5-year period in mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease: A longitudinal study
Authors: Wallin Helena , Jansson Eva , Wallquist Carin , Rössner Britta Hylander , Jacobson Stefan H , Rickenlund Anette , Eriksson Maria J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise capacity is reduced in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), but little is known about the magnitude of changes in exercise capacity over time. Our main hypothesis was that aerobic ExCap would decline over 5 years in individuals with mild-to-moderate CKD along with a decline in renal function. A secondary hypothesis was that such a decline in ExCap would be associated with a decline in muscle strength, cardiovascular function and physical activity. Methods: We performed a 5-year-prospective study on individuals with mild-to-moderate CKD, who were closely monitored at a nephrology clinic. Fiftytwo individuals with CKD stage 2–3 and 54 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Peak workload was assessed through a maximal cycle exercise test. Muscle strength and lean body mass, cardiac function, vascular stiffness, self-reported physical activity level, renal function and haemoglobin level were evaluated. Tests were repeated after 5 years. Statistical analysis of longitudinal data was performed using linear mixed models.Results: Exercise capacity did not change significantly over time in either the CKD group or controls, although the absolute workloads were significantly lower in the CKD group. Only in a CKD subgroup reporting low physical activity at baseline, exercise capacity declined. Renal function decreased in both groups, with a faster decline in CKD (p = 0.05 between groups). Peak heart rate, haemoglobin level, handgrip strength, lean body mass and cardiovascular function did not decrease significantly over time in CKD individuals. Conclusions: On a group level, aerobic exercise capacity and peak heart rate were maintained over 5 years in patients with well-controlled mild-to-moderate CKD, despite a slight reduction in glomerular filtration rate, mirroring the lack of progression of cardiovascular and muscular dysfunction in this group. In patients with mild-to-moderate CKD, physical activity level at baseline seems to have a predictive value for exercise capacity at follow-up.
Evaluating effectiveness of screening house eaves as a potential intervention for reducing indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in Nyabondo, western Kenya .
Authors: NG'ANG'A PETER N. , Okoyo Collins , Mbogo Charles , Mutero Clifford Maina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mosquito-proofing of houses using wire mesh screens is gaining greater recognition as a practical intervention for reducing exposure to malaria transmitting mosquitoes. Screening potentially protects all persons sleeping inside the house against transmission of mosquito-borne diseases indoors. The study assessed the effectiveness of house eaves screening in reducing indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in Nyabondo, western Kenya. Methods: 160 houses were selected for the study, with half of them randomly chosen for eaves screening with fibre-glass coated wire mesh (experimental group) and the other half left without screening (control group). Randomization was carried out by use of computer-generated list in permuted blocks of ten houses and 16 village blocks, with half of them allocated treatment in a ratio of 1:1. Cross-sectional baseline entomological and parasitological data were collected before eave screening. After baseline data collection, series of sampling of indoor adult mosquitoes were conducted once a month in each village using CDC light traps. Three cross-sectional malaria parasitological surveys were conducted at three month intervals after installation of the screens. The primary outcome measures were indoor Anopheles mosquito density and malaria parasite prevalence. Results: A total of 15,286 mosquitoes were collected over the two year period using CDC light traps in 160 houses distributed over 16 study villages (mean mosquitoes = 4.35, SD = 11.48). Of all mosquitoes collected, 2,872 (18.8%) were anophelines (2,869 An. gambiae s.l., 1 An. funestus and 2 other Anopheles spp). Overall, among An. gambiae collected, 92.6% were non-blood fed, 3.57% were blood fed and the remaining 0.47% were composed of gravid and half gravid females. More indoor adult mosquitoes were collected in the control than experimental arms of the study. Results from cross-sectional parasitological surveys showed that screened houses recorded relatively low malaria parasite prevalence rates compared to the control houses. Overall, malaria prevalence was 5.6% (95%CI: 4.2-7.5) n=1,918, with baseline prevalence rate of 6.1% (95%CI: 3.9-9.4), n=481 and 3rd follow-up survey prevalence of 3.6% (95%CI: 2.0-6.8) n=494. At all the three parasitological follow-up survey points, house screening significantly reduced the malaria prevalence by 100% (p<0.001), 63.6% (p=0.026), and 100% (p<0.001) in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd follow-up surveys respectively.Conclusions: The study demonstrated that house eave screening has potential to reduce indoor vector densities and malaria prevalence in high transmission areas.