bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case series of introducing palliative care consultation in psychiatry
Authors: Etgen Thorleif 
Published: February 2020

Background: The significance of palliative care consultation in psychiatry is unclear. Actual case series: Analysis of the introduction of palliative care consultation in a large psychiatric hospital. Possible courses of action: Continue without offering, survey the need for or offer palliative care consultation, and analyse its introduction. Formulation of a plan: Palliative care consultation was established and details including patient age, department, diagnosis, main problem, solution and discharge were analysed during the first 2 years. Outcome: Two consultations in the first year and 18 consultations in the second year were requested (18 geriatric, 2 addiction, 0 general, clinical social and forensic psychiatry) involving two domains: delirium associated with dementia or another condition (75%) and mental illness (e.g. alcoholic psycho-syndrome, psychosis, suicidal tendency, schizophrenia, depression) and cancer (25%). Recommendations of consultations were realized in 95%. Lessons from the case series: Implementation of palliative care consultation in psychiatry is one possible method of how to introduce palliative care in a field of medicine with lack of palliative care. View: Future research should focus on reasons for reservations about palliative care in psychiatry, include more patients with severe persistent mental illness and assess the value of palliative care consultation in resolving this problem.
Detection of the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern in chest CT: effect of computer-aided diagnosis on radiologist diagnostic performance
Authors: Fujita Ryo , Iwasawa Tae , Aoki Takatoshi , Iwao Yuma , Ogura Takashi , Utsunomiya Daisuke 
Published: February 2020

Background Anti-fibrotic drugs for interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been developed. Physicians are becoming increasingly aware of the need for better diagnosis of IPF. Purpose To evaluate whether a computer-aided system can improve the diagnostic performance of general radiologists in detecting the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern on computed tomography (CT). Material and Methods We included 60 CT datasets from 30 patients with IPF and 30 with idiopathic fibrosing non-specific interstitial pneumonia (fNSIP), all diagnosed by a multidisciplinary diagnosis (MDD) procedure that included surgical biopsy. We analyzed the CT data using a computer-aided system (Gaussian histogram normalized correlation: GHNC). Five general radiologists with <6 years of experience each interpreted these CT scans with and without the GHNC results. We compared the likelihoods of a UIP-pattern diagnosis with the likelihood of the same diagnosis by MDD using the average area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC). We also evaluated the association between the radiologists’ diagnosis and survival using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results In the ROC analysis, the AUC increased significantly from 0.731 without GHNC to 0.829 with GHNC ( P = 0.0396). The diagnosis without GHNC was not significantly associated with survival for any radiologist, but the UIP diagnosis with GHNC was significantly associated with a worse prognosis for four out of five radiologists. Conclusion The computer-aided system could increase the confidence level of UIP-pattern diagnosis by non-expert radiologists.
Pharmacogenetic Testing Options Relevant to Psychiatry in Canada: Options de tests pharmacogénétiques pertinents en psychiatrie au Canada
Authors: Maruf Abdullah Al , Fan Mikayla , Arnold Paul D. , Müller Daniel J. , Aitchison Katherine J. , Bousman Chad A. 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To identify and assess pharmacogenetic testing options relevant to psychiatry in Canada. Method: Searches of published literature, websites, and Standard Council of Canada’s Laboratory Directory were conducted to identify pharmacogenetic tests available in Canada. Identified tests were assessed on 8 key questions related to analytical validity, accessibility, test ordering, delivery of test results, turnaround time, cost, clinical trial evidence, and gene/allele content. Results: A total of 13 pharmacogenetic tests relevant to psychiatry in Canada were identified. All tests were highly accessible, and most were conducted in accredited laboratories. Both direct-to-consumer and clinician-gated testing were identified, with turnaround times and cost ranging from 2 to 40 days and CAD$199 to CAD$2310, respectively. Two tests were supported by randomized controlled trials. All tests met minimum gene and allele panel recommendations for psychiatry, but no 2 panels were identical. No test was unequivocally superior to all other tests. Conclusions: Pharmacogenetic testing in Canada is readily available but highly variable in terms of ordering procedures, delivery of results, turnaround times, cost, and gene/allele content. As such, it is important for psychiatrists and other health-care providers to understand the differences between the available tests to ensure appropriate selection and implementation within their practice.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of apixaban and rivaroxaban in cancer patients receiving concomitant active anti-neoplastic therapy at an outpatient cancer setting
Authors: Yassine Darin , Brown Erika N , Putney David , Fasoranti Oyejoke 
Published: February 2020

Introduction Venous thromboembolism is a common complication among cancer patients with an estimated risk of 20%. American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines recommend direct oral anticoagulants for long-term anticoagulation but caution the use of direct oral anticoagulants because of drug–drug interactions with antineoplastic therapies. The clinical impact of these drug–drug interactions is yet to be studied in clinical trials. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the drug–drug interactions on venous thromboembolism recurrence and bleeding. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study that included cancer patients with venous thromboembolism receiving apixaban or rivaroxaban with antineoplastic therapy. The impact of the drug–drug interaction was determined by its effect on the rates of venous thromboembolism recurrence and bleeding in patients with a drug–drug interaction compared to patients with no drug–drug interaction. Results The primary composite endpoint of venous thromboembolism recurrence and bleeding events occurred in 65% versus 62% of patients in drug–drug interaction and non-drug–drug interaction groups accordingly. There was a higher rate of venous thromboembolism recurrence and minor bleeding events with anti-mitotic microtubule inhibitors and a higher rate of minor bleeding events with hormonal therapy and alkylating agents. Among the drug–drug interaction group, there were no major bleeding events reported with mild drug–drug interactions when compared to moderate-to-severe drug–drug interactions. There was no difference in time to venous thromboembolism recurrence between rivaroxaban and apixaban. Conclusion Due to small sample size, our study results could not confirm a higher risk of bleeding or venous thromboembolism recurrence with the drug–drug interactions. Further prospective study is warranted, but clinicians should be aware of these drug–drug interactions and identify them using available literature.
Time to surgery for open hand injuries and the risk of surgical site infection: a prospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Davies James , Roberts Tobias , Limb Richard , Mather David , Thornton Daniel , Wade Ryckie G. 
Published: February 2020

Whether delaying surgery increases the risk of infection in open hand injuries is an important but unresolved topic. This prospective cohort study included 983 consecutive adults with open hand injuries treated surgically over 1 year. The risk ratio (RR) for surgical site infection was estimated by logistic regression. The median time from injury to surgery was 20 hours (range 4–90). Forty-one patients (4%) developed an infection. The risk of infection was not affected by the time to surgery (adjusted risk ratio 1.0 [95% CI: 1.0 to 1.0]) or preoperative antibiotics (adjusted risk ratio 1.8 [95% CI: 0.2 to 13]), which were provided to 95% of patients. Skin loss increased the risk of infection (adjusted risk ratio 2.6 [95% CI: 1.3 to 5.0]). Delaying surgery for open hand injuries by 4 days does not appear to increase the risk of surgical site infection. Level of evidence: II
Early pulmonary rehabilitation after acute exacerbation of COPD: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kjærgaard Jakob L. , Juhl Carsten B. , Lange Peter , Wilcke Jon T. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to establish whether early pulmonary rehabilitation after severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reduces mortality and hospital admissions, and increases physical performance and quality of life compared to rehabilitation initiated later in the stable phase of COPD.MethodsIn a randomised controlled trial of 150 patients hospitalised with an exacerbation of COPD, participants were allocated to pulmonary rehabilitation either within 2 weeks after discharge or the same rehabilitation programme but initiated 2 months after discharge.ResultsEarly pulmonary rehabilitation did not prolong time to first hospital admission or time to death (hazard ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.47–1.23, p=0.33) compared to rehabilitation in stable phase. However, 2 months after inclusion, pulmonary rehabilitation resulted in a significantly better improvement in the incremental shuttle walk test (33.9 m, 95% CI 4.18–63.7, p=0.02) compared to that in the stable phase. The difference in the endurance shuttle walk test was of borderline significance (140 s, 95% CI −2.03–282.76, p=0.05), but there was no significant difference concerning the COPD assessment test (−1.43 points, 95% CI −3.44–0.59, p=0.17).ConclusionEarly pulmonary rehabilitation after acute exacerbation of COPD led to a faster improvement in physical performance compared to rehabilitation initiated later in the stable phase, but did not improve survival or prolong time to hospital readmission.
Altered lateral geniculate nucleus functional connectivity in migraine without aura: a resting-state functional MRI study
Authors: Zhang Di , Huang Xiaobin , Su Wen , Chen Yuchen , Wang Peng , Mao Cunnan , Miao Zhengfei , Liu Chunmei , Xu Chenjie , Yin Xindao , Wu Xinying 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the structural and functional connectivity changes of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and their relationships with clinical characteristics in patients without aura.

Methods
Conventional MRI, 3D structure images and resting state functional MRI were performed in 30 migraine patients without aura (MwoA) and 22 healthy controls (HC). The lateral geniculate nucleus volumes and the functional connectivity (FC) of bilateral lateral geniculate nucleus were computed and compared between groups.

Results
The lateral geniculate nucleus volumes in patient groups did not differ from the controls. The brain regions with increased FC of the left LGN mainly located in the left cerebellum and right lingual gyrus in MwoA compared with HC. The increased FC of right LGN located in left inferior frontal gyrus in MwoA compared with HC. The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between VLSQ-8 score and the increased FC of left cerebellum and right lingual gyrus.

Conclusions
Photophobia in MwoA could be mediated by abnormal resting state functional connectivity in visual processing regions, the pain perception regulatory network and emotion regulation network. This result is valuable to further understanding about the clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of migraine.
Comparison of the performance of an amplicon sequencing assay based on Oxford Nanopore technology to real-time PCR assays for detecting bacterial biodefense pathogens
Authors: Player Robert , Verratti Kathleen , Staab Andrea , Bradburne Christopher , Grady Sarah , Goodwin Bruce , Sozhamannan Shanmuga 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The state-of-the-art in nucleic acid based biodetection continues to be polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and many real-time PCR assays targeting biodefense pathogens for biosurveillance are in widespread use. These assays are predominantly singleplex; i.e. one assay tests for the presence of one target, found in a single organism, one sample at a time. Due to the intrinsic limitations of such tests, there exists a critical need for high-throughput multiplex assays to reduce the time and cost incurred when screening multiple targets, in multiple pathogens, and in multiple samples. Such assays allow users to make an actionable call while maximizing the utility of the small volumes of test samples. Unfortunately, current multiplex real-time PCR assays are limited in the number of targets that can be probed simultaneously due to the availability of fluorescence channels in real-time PCR instruments.

Results
To address this gap, we developed a pipeline in which the amplicons produced by a 14-plex end-point PCR assay using spiked samples were subsequently sequenced using Nanopore technology. We used bar codes to sequence multiple samples simultaneously, leading to the generation and subsequent analysis of sequence data resulting from a short sequencing run time (< 10 min). We compared the limits of detection (LoD) of real-time PCR assays to Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)-based amplicon sequencing and estimated the sample-to-answer time needed for this approach. Overall, LoDs determined from the first 10 min of sequencing data were at least one to two orders of magnitude lower than real-time PCR. Given enough time, the amplicon sequencing approach is approximately 100 times more sensitive than real-time PCR, with detection of amplicon specific reads even at the lowest tested spiking concentration (around 2.5–50 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/ml).

Conclusions
Based on these results, we propose amplicon sequencing assay as a viable alternative to replace the current real-time PCR based singleplex assays for higher throughput biodefense applications. We note, however, that targeted amplicon specific reads were not detectable even at the highest tested spike concentrations (2.5 X 104–5.0 X105 CFU/ml) without an initial amplification step, indicating that PCR is still necessary when utilizing this protocol.
A 14-bp insertion in endothelin receptor B-like (EDNRB2) is associated with white plumage in Chinese geese
Authors: Xi Yang , Wang Lei , Liu Hehe , Ma Shengchao , Li Yanying , Li Liang , Wang Jiwen , Chunchun Han , Bai Lili , Mustafa Ahsan , He Hua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Gang goose is a native species with gray plumage in Sichuan, China. As a result of overhunting, the number of gray Gang geese has decreased dramatically. To keep the species from extinction, conservation work for Gang geese was undertaken. In the process of pure breeding of gray Gang geese, approximately 2% of the offspring of each generation were white. This study aims to explain the genetic mechanism of this phenomenon and provide reliable molecular markers for goose-related plumage color breeding.

Results
We used the method of pooled whole genome sequencing and Fst (fixation statistics) to identify the differentiation degree of alleles between gray Gang geese and white Gang geese from their offspring. In this way, EDNRB2, a key gene that affects the migration of melanoblasts, was identified. Then, the transcriptome was sequenced for the two geese plumage color populations, and the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were analyzed. The results indicated that EDNRB2, as a possible candidate gene, had a significantly differential mRNA expression. In addition, a 14-bp insertion (NW_013185915.1: g. 750,748–750,735 insertion. CACAGGTGAGCTCT) in exon 3 of EDNRB2 was analyzed and found to have a significant association between gray geese and Chinese white breeds (P = 0.00), while this mutation was not found in European geese. Meanwhile, the insertion was homozygous in all the white geese we detected and heterozygous in gray geese, indicating that this mutation is recessive. Furthermore, this 14-bp insertion leads to a frameshift mutation in the EDNRB2 coding region and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Conclusion
Our study strongly suggests that the 14-bp insertion in exon 3 of the EDNRB2 gene is associated with the white plumage phenotype in Chinese geese. This study is the first to investigate the relationship between EDNRB2 and white plumage in geese.
Metatranscriptomic dynamics after Verticillium dahliae infection and root damage in Olea europaea
Authors: Martí Jose Manuel , Arias-Giraldo Luis F. , Díaz-Villanueva Wladimiro , Arnau Vicente , Rodríguez-Franco Antonio , Garay Carlos P. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The olive tree is of particular economic interest in the Mediterranean basin. Researchers have conducted several studies on one of the most devastating disorders affecting this tree, the Verticillium wilt, which causes substantial economic losses in numerous areas. We analyzed metatranscriptomic samples taken from a previous study conducted on leaves and roots of Olea europaea that were infected with Verticillium dahliae. In addition, we also analyzed mechanically damaged roots. The aim of our approach is to describe the dynamics of the root microbiome after severe perturbations.

Results
Our results not only describe the dynamics of the microbial community associated with the disturbance, but also show the high complexity of these systems and explain how this can lead to a conflicting assignment of the various types of parasitism observed in a specific organism.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that this infection, although led by Verticillium, is driven not by a single species, but by a polymicrobial consortium that also includes natural endophytes of the olive tree. This community contains both biotrophic and necrotrophic organisms that alternate and live together during the infection. In addition, opportunistic organisms appear that take profit not from plant tissues, but from new emerging populations of microorganisms. Therefore, this system can be described as a complex biological system composed of different interacting communities. Notably, our work has important considerations when it comes to classifying the type of parasitism of a given species.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor attenuates myocardial remodeling and ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility via the JAK2-STAT3 pathway in a rabbit model of coronary microembolization
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Ye Shuhua , Zhang Lutao , Jiang Qiong , Chen Jianhua , Chen Xuehai , Zhang Feilong , Wu Hangzhou 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronary microembolization (CME) has a poor prognosis, with ventricular arrhythmia being the most serious consequence. Understanding the underlying mechanisms could improve its management. We investigated the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on connexin-43 (Cx43) expression and ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility after CME.

Methods
Forty male rabbits were randomized into four groups (n = 10 each): Sham, CME, G-CSF, and AG490 (a JAK2 selective inhibitor). Rabbits in the CME, G-CSF, and AG490 groups underwent left anterior descending (LAD) artery catheterization and CME. Animals in the G-CSF and AG490 groups received intraperitoneal injection of G-CSF and G-CSF + AG490, respectively. The ventricular structure was assessed by echocardiography. Ventricular electrical properties were analyzed using cardiac electrophysiology. The myocardial interstitial collagen content and morphologic characteristics were evaluated using Masson and hematoxylin-eosin staining, respectively.

Results
Western blot and immunohistochemistry were employed to analyze the expressions of Cx43, G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR), JAK2, and STAT3. The ventricular effective refractory period (VERP), VERP dispersion, and inducibility and lethality of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation were lower in the G-CSF than in the CME group (P < 0.01), indicating less severe myocardial damage and arrhythmias. The G-CSF group showed higher phosphorylated-Cx43 expression (P < 0.01 vs. CME). Those G-CSF-induced changes were reversed by A490, indicating the involvement of JAK2. G-CSFR, phosphorylated-JAK2, and phosphorylated-STAT3 protein levels were higher in the G-CSF group than in the AG490 (P < 0.01) and Sham (P < 0.05) groups.

Conclusion
G-CSF might attenuate myocardial remodeling via JAK2-STAT3 signaling and thereby reduce ventricular arrhythmia susceptibility after CME.
Perspectives of older adults, caregivers, and healthcare providers on frailty screening: a qualitative study
Authors: Van Damme Jill , Neiterman Elena , Oremus Mark , Lemmon Kassandra , Stolee Paul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Screening is an important component of understanding and managing frailty. This study examined older adults’, caregivers’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives on frailty and frailty screening.

Methods
Fourteen older adults and caregivers and 14 healthcare providers completed individual or focus group interviews. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using line-by-line emergent coding techniques and inductive thematic analysis.

Results
The interviews yielded several themes with associated subthemes: definitions and conceptualizations of frailty, perceptions of “frail”, factors contributing to frailty (physical,, cognitive, social, pharmaceutical, nutritional), and frailty screening (current practices, tools in use, limitations, recommendations).

Conclusion
Older adults, caregivers and healthcare providers have similar perspectives regarding frailty; both identified frailty as multi-dimensional and dynamic. Healthcare providers need clear “next steps” to provide meaning to frailty screening practices, which may improve use of frailty-screening tools.
The influence of race in older adults with infective endocarditis
Authors: Harris Ché Matthew , Khaliq Waseem , Albaeni Aiham , Norris Keith C. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Age is a risk factor for infective endocarditis, and almost half of diagnosed patients are age ≥ 60 years. Large national studies have not evaluated inpatient mortality and surgical valvular interventions between older White and Black patients hospitalized with infective endocarditis.

Methods
We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to identify older adults ≥60 years in North America with a principle diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare in-hospital mortality and valvular repairs/replacement between older Black and White patients.

Results
Of 10,390 adults, age ≥ 60 years hospitalized for infective endocarditis during 2013 and 2014, 7356 were White and 1089 Black. Blacks were younger (mean age: 70.5 ± 0.5 vs. 73.5 ± 0.2 years, p < 0.01), lived in more zip codes with a median annual income <$39,000/yr. (40.4% vs 18.8%, p < 0.01), and had higher co-morbidity burden (Charlson comorbidity score ≥ 3: 54.6% vs 40.7%, p < 0.01). After multivariate adjustment, Blacks had higher odds for in-hospital mortality (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.0, [Confidence Interval (CI) 1.1–3.8]; p = 0.020), and lower odds for mitral valve repairs/replacements (OR = 0.53, CI: 0.29–0.99, p = 0.049).

Conclusions
Blacks age ≥ 60 years hospitalized in North America with infective endocarditis are less likely to undergo mitral valvular repairs/replacement and had higher in-hospital mortality compared to White patients.