bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inpatient Mortality According to Level of Respiratory Support Received for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Infection: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Palazzuoli Alberto , Ruberto Franco , De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Forleo Giovanni , Secco Gioel G. , Ruocco Gaetano M. , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Mojoli Francesco , Monticone Silvia , Paggi Anita , Vicenzi Marco , Corcione Silvia , Palazzo Anna G. , Landolina Maurizio , Taravelli Erika , Tavazzi Guido , Blasi Francesco , Mancone Massimo , Birtolo Lucia I. , Alessandri Francesco , Infusino Fabio , Pugliese Francesco , Fedele Francesco , De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe , Emmett Michael , Schussler Jeffrey M. , McCullough Peter A. , Tecson Kristen M. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
To describe patients according to the maximum degree of respiratory support received and report their inpatient mortality due to coronavirus disease 2019.

Design:
Analysis of patients in the Coracle registry from February 22, 2020, to April 1, 2020.

Setting:
Hospitals in the Piedmont, Lombardy, Tuscany, and Lazio regions of Italy.

Patients:
Nine-hundred forty-eight patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Among 948 patients, 122 (12.87%) received invasive ventilation, 637 (67.19%) received supplemental oxygen only, and 189 (19.94%) received no respiratory support. The median (quartile 1–quartile 3) age was 65 years (54–76.59 yr), and there was evidence of differential respiratory treatment by decade of life (p = 0.0046); patients greater than 80 years old were generally not intubated. There were 606 men (63.9%) in this study, and they were more likely to receive respiratory support than women (p < 0.0001). The rate of in-hospital death for invasive ventilation recipients was 22.95%, 12.87% for supplemental oxygen recipients, and 7.41% for those who received neither (p = 0.0004). A sensitivity analysis of the 770 patients less than 80 years old revealed a lower, but similar mortality trend (18.02%, 8.10%, 5.23%; p = 0.0008) among the 14.42%, 65.71%, and 19.87% of patients treated with mechanical ventilation, supplemental oxygen only, or neither. Overall, invasive ventilation recipients who died were significantly older than those who survived (median age: 68.5 yr [60–81.36 yr] vs 62.5 yr [55.52–71 yr]; p = 0.0145).

Conclusions:
Among patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019, 13% received mechanical ventilation, which was associated with a mortality rate of 23%.
Graph Convolutional Networks-Based Noisy Data Imputation in Electronic Health Record
Authors: Lee Byeong Tak , Kwon O-Yeon , Park Hyunho , Cho Kyung-Jae , Kwon Joon-Myoung , Lee Yeha 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
A deep learning-based early warning system is proposed to predict sepsis prior to its onset.

Design:
A novel algorithm was devised to detect sepsis 6 hours prior to its onset based on electronic medical records.

Setting:
Retrospective cohorts from three separate hospitals are used in this study. Sepsis onset was defined based on Sepsis-3. Algorithms are evaluated based on the score function used in the Physionet Challenge 2019.Patients: Over 60,000 ICU patients with 40 clinical variables (vital signs, laboratory results) for each hour of a patient’s ICU stay were used.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The proposed algorithm predicted the onset of sepsis in the preceding n hours (where n = 4, 6, 8, or 12). Furthermore, the proposed method compared how many sepsis patients can be predicted in a short time with other methods. To interpret a given result in a clinical perspective, the relationship between input variables and the probability of the proposed method were presented. The proposed method achieved superior results (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the precision-recall curve, and score) and predicted more sepsis patients in advance. In official phase, the proposed method showed the utility score of –0.101, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.782, area under the precision-recall curve 0.041, accuracy 0.786, and F-measure 0.046.

Conclusions:
Using Physionet Challenge 2019, the proposed method can accurately and early predict the onset of sepsis. The proposed method can be a practical early warning system in the environment of real hospitals.
Location-Based Sedentary Time and Physical Activity in People Living With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Trecarten Neil , Kirkland Susan , Rainham Daniel , Giacomantonio Nicholas , McGowan Erin , Murnaghan Donna , Reid Robert , King-Shier Kathryn , Spence John C. , Warburton Darren , Rhodes Ryan E. , Blanchard Chris M. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
Sedentary time (ST) and lack of physical activity increase the risk of adverse outcomes for those living with coronary artery disease (CAD). Little is known about how much ST, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) that CAD participants not attending cardiac rehabilitation engage in, the locations where they engage in these behaviors, and how far from home the locations are.

Methods:
Participants completed a survey and wore an accelerometer and global positioning system receiver for 7 d at baseline and 6 mo later.

Results:
Accelerometer analyses (n = 318) showed that participants averaged 468.4 ± 102.7 of ST, 316.1 ± 86.5 of LPA, and 32.9 ± 28.9 of MVPA min/d at baseline. ST and LPA remained stable at 6 mo, whereas MVPA significantly declined. The global positioning system (GPS) analyses (n = 315) showed that most of participant ST, LPA, and MVPA time was spent at home followed by other residential, retail/hospitality, and work locations at baseline and 6 mo. When not at home, the average distance to a given location ranged from approximately 9 to 18 km.

Conclusions:
Participants with CAD spent the majority of their time being sedentary. Home was the location used the most to engage in ST, LPA, and MVPA. When not home, ST, LPA, and MVPA were distributed across a variety of locations. The average distance from home to a given location suggests that proximity to home may not be a barrier from an intervention perspective.
Influence of cardiovascular risk factors on arterial hypertension and mild cognitive impairment in 4602 participants of the ELITE study
Authors: Schrader Bastian , Schrader Joachim , Elsässer Albrecht , Bünker Anna-Maria , Hillmann Berit , Vaske Bernhard , Haller Hermann , Lüders Stephan 
Published: September 2020

Background:
In ELITE (Ernährung, Lebensstil und individuelle Information zur Verhinderung von Herzinfarkt, Schlaganfall und Demenz; german for: Nutrition, Lifestyle and Individual Information for the Prevention of Heart Attack, Stroke and Dementia) data on cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive function and quality of life are prospectively collected, which will be improved through targeted individual information. The aim is to improve the health of the participants and identify the reasons for the lack of implementation.

Methods:
Risk factors of 4602 participants were linked to (controlled) hypertension and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Blood pressure was measured according to the guidelines and the DEMTECT– test was used to detect MCI.

Results:
The most common risk factor was hypertension (60%). Hypertensive patients were older (56.1 and 44.7 years), had a higher BMI (28 and 24.8 kg/m2), frequently physical inactive (26 and 32.4%), diabetes (9.3 and 1.3%), higher LDL (134.7 and 124.1 mg/dl), higher triglycerides (169.6 and 124.8 mg/dl) and lower HDL (57.9 and 65.5 mg/dl) compared with normotensives (P < 0.001). Controlled hypertensive patients are less common men (46.1 and 52.1%, P < 0.001), have a lower BMI (28.3 and 29.1 kg/m2, P < 0.001), lower LDL (129.0 and 135.6 mg/dl, P = 0.004) and lower triglycerides (162.5 and 182.3 mg/dl, P = 0.001) compared with treated uncontrolled hypertensive patients. Antihypertensives per person (2.015; 2.017) do not differ. The prevalence of MCI is highly significantly associated with the number of risk factors. in participants without risk factors, the prevalence is 3.9%, in participants with 4 risk factors, 16.3%. In hypertensive patients, the frequency is 11.8% compared with 4.8% for normotensives (P < 0.001). The occurrence of MCI depends significantly from age, blood pressure and diabetes

Conclusion:
The frequency of MCI is highly significantly associated with the number of cardiovascular risk factors, regardless of age. The prevalence was particularly high among hypertensive patients, which is not often described. The occurrence of MCI depends significantly from age, blood pressure and diabetes. The metabolic syndrome and lack of exercise complicate blood pressure control.
Immune Reconstitution and Thymic Involution in the Acute and Delayed Hematopoietic Radiation Syndromes
Authors: Wu Tong , Plett P. Artur , Chua Hui Lin , Jacobsen Max , Sandusky George E. , MacVittie Thomas J. , Orschell Christie M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLymphoid lineage recovery and involution after exposure to potentially lethal doses of ionizing radiation have not been well defined, especially the long-term effects in aged survivors and with regard to male/female differences. To examine these questions, male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to lethal radiation at 12 wk of age in a model of the Hematopoietic-Acute Radiation Syndrome, and bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and peripheral blood examined up to 24 mo of age for the lymphopoietic delayed effects of acute radiation exposure. Aged mice showed myeloid skewing and incomplete lymphocyte recovery in all lymphoid tissues. Spleen and peripheral blood both exhibited a monophasic recovery pattern, while thymus demonstrated a biphasic pattern. Naïve T cells in blood and spleen and all subsets of thymocytes were decreased in aged irradiated mice compared to age-matched non-irradiated controls. Of interest, irradiated males experienced significantly improved reconstitution of thymocyte subsets and peripheral blood elements compared to females. Bone marrow from aged irradiated survivors was significantly deficient in the primitive lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors and common lymphoid progenitors, which were only 8-10% of levels in aged-matched non-irradiated controls. Taken together, these analyses define significant age- and sex-related deficiencies at all levels of lymphopoiesis throughout the lifespan of survivors of the Hematopoietic-Acute Radiation Syndrome and may provide a murine model suitable for assessing the efficacy of potential medical countermeasures and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the severe immune suppression that occurs after radiation exposure.
Short- and Long-Term Stability of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Eye Drops
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , de la Fuente María , Muruzábal Francisco , Merayo-Lloves Jesús 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To analyze whether plasma rich in growth factors (PRGFs) eye drops preserve their activity and biological properties after storage for 9 and 12 months at −20°C, and at 4°C, and at room temperature (RT) for 3 and 7 days in comparison to fresh samples (t0).

Methods:
PRGF eye drops were obtained from 6 healthy donors. Then, they were stored for 9 and 12 months at −20°C. At each time, different PRGF eye drops samples were thawed and maintained at RT or at 4°C for 3 and 7 days. Platelet-derived growth factor-AB, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and thrombospondin-1 were analyzed at each time and temperature of storage. In addition, the pH level, the microbial contamination, and the proliferative potential on primary human corneal stromal fibroblasts human keratocytes of each obtained PRGF eye drops were also evaluated.

Results:
All growth factor levels were preserved at each time and storage condition. No differences were observed on the human keratocytes proliferation after treatment with PRGF eye drops at any studied time or temperature. No microbial contamination was observed in any of the PRGF eye drops. Finally, the pH levels increased significantly after 9 and 12 months of storage at −20°C compared with t0.

Conclusions:
PRGF eye drops can be stored for up to 12 months without reduction of the main growth factors and proteins and without any microbial contamination. Furthermore, the biological activity of the PRGF eye drops is maintained after storing for 3 and 7 days at 4°C or at RT.
Longitudinal Epithelial Thickness Profile Changes 18 Months After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Latifi Golshan , Mohammadi S.Saeed , Davoodabadi Mahmood 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
Long-term evaluation of corneal epithelial thickness (ET) profile changes after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using Fourier-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Methods:
Three hundred twenty-six eyes of 163 patients were included in this prospective observational study. The corneal epithelial map was obtained across a 9-mm diameter area of the cornea before and up to 27 months after surgery. ET was assessed in 25 sectors and 4 annular zones (central 2 mm, paracentral 2–5 mm, midperipheral 5–7 mm, and peripheral 7–9 mm).

Results:
There was a significant reduction in mean ET in all zones 1 month after PRK. Subsequently, ET increased in all annular zones. The change in mean ET became stable in the midperipheral and peripheral zones at 3 to 6 months and in the central zone at 12 months, and it continued to increase in the paracentral zone even after 18 months after surgery. The ET was 3.40 μm and 4.05 μm in the central and paracentral zones at 6 months, respectively. Postoperative spherical equivalent changed significantly only from 1 to 3 months (P < 0.04). There was a significant correlation between postoperative spherical equivalent at month 1 and ET change in the paracentral and midperipheral zones (P < 0.027).

Conclusions:
There is a significant reduction in ET 1 month after myopic PRK with a gradual thickening thereafter until it reaches stability at 12 months in the central zone. However, it continues to change even after 18 months in the paracentral zone. The greatest thickening is in the paracentral zone, followed by the central zone.
Effect of intraoperative mitomycin-C application on epithelial regeneration after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy
Authors: Lu Nan-Ji , Koppen Carina , Awwad Shady , Aslanides Minas I. , Aslanides Ioannis M. , Chen Shi-Hao 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the effect of mitomycin-C (MMC) intraoperative application on postoperative corneal epithelial remodeling, haze incidence, and refractive correction in transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (transPRK).

Setting:
Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Design:
Prospective randomized controlled study.

Methods:
Eyes that completed all follow-ups were included. Epithelial thickness (ET) map measurement was conducted preoperatively and at 1 week, and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively, generating ET in central, paracentral, and midperipheral zones. The difference between postoperative and preoperative ET (ΔET) was computed for each zone. During follow-up, haze incidence and visual acuity were assessed and compared between groups.

Results:
A total of 100 eyes completed all follow-up, including 40 eyes treated with MMC in MMC group and 60 eyes in control group without MMC treatment. For ΔET, between-group difference was found in midperipheral (P = .011) zone at 1 week postoperatively and in central (P = .036) and paracentral zones (P = .039) at 1 month postoperatively. Haze incidence was lower in MMC group at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively (P = .035 and .018, respectively). Safety index (postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity/preoperative corrected distance visual acuity [CDVA]) and efficacy index (postoperative CDVA/preoperative CDVA) were higher in MMC group (P = .012 and P = .036, respectively) at 1 month postoperatively. No difference was found after 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:
With a temporary impact on corneal epithelial regeneration and refractive correction, intraoperative MMC application in transPRK decreased the haze incidence but had no effect on epithelial remodeling.
Rethinking the optimal methods for vector analysis of astigmatism
Authors: Koch Douglas D. , Wang Li , Abulafia Adi , Holladay Jack T. , Hill Warren 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of certain methods of analyzing astigmatic vectors.

Setting:
Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

Design:
Case samples.

Methods:
Using 2 sample cases for analysis of corneal surgically induced astigmatism and an actual toric intraocular lens (IOL) case, univariate analyses from the ASSORT program were compared to double-angle plots of preoperative and postoperative astigmatism and prediction errors.

Results:
Certain univariate figures for analyzing the 2 sample cases were misleading. For the toric IOL case, some of the key outcome vectors were inaccurate.

Conclusions:
ASSORT's univariate analysis of astigmatic vectors can be unpredictably erroneous and misleading. Recommended vector analyses should include double-angle plots with centroids and confidence ellipses of preoperative and postoperative astigmatism and the prediction errors, along with means and standard deviations of these vector magnitudes.
Effect of topical povidone–iodine 10% plus levofloxacin 0.5% 1 hour before cataract surgery in eliminating perioperative conjunctival flora: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Eslami Jamshid , Rezaei Roghayeh , Jamali Hossein , Sedaghat Ahad , Nowroozzadeh Mohammad Hossein 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of a single administration of topical povidone–iodine (PVI) 10% plus levofloxacin 0.5% at 1 hour before cataract surgery on perioperative elimination rate of conjunctival flora.

Setting:
Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz, Iran.

Design:
Randomized controlled trial.

Method:
Patients who required cataract surgery were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: intervention (administration of PVI 10% plus levofloxacin 0.5% at 1 hour preoperatively) or control. The patients in both groups received PVI just before the operation. Conjunctival cultures were obtained using thioglycollate broth at 4 timepoints: T1, before intervention; T2, before the second application of PVI; T3, 3 minutes after the second administration of PVI; and T4, just postoperatively.

Results:
The study comprised 142 patients. The comparative rates of positive cultures in the intervention vs control groups were as follows: T1 (70.4% vs 73.2%, P = .709); T2 (15.5% vs 71.8%, P < .001); T3 (7.0% vs 19.7%, P = .027); and T4 (5.6% vs 4.2%, P = .698). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci was the most common isolated microorganism.

Conclusions:
Results showed that a single adjuvant application of PVI 10% plus levofloxacin 0.5% eyedrops at 1 hour before operation leads to a further increase in the rate of sterile conjunctiva just preoperatively.
Micro-RNA-183-5p acts as a potential diagnostic biomarker for atherosclerosis and regulates the growth of vascular smooth muscle cell
Authors: Sun Bin , Shan Zhengkun , Sun Guoyu , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multifactorial chronic disease, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play important roles in the pathology of AS. Micro-RNAs regulate multiple cellular biological processes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of miR-183-5p in AS patients and further explored the effects of miR-183-5p on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs.

Methods:
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to test the level of miR-183-5p. The diagnostic value of miR-183-5p for AS patients was assessed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs were determined via the CCK-8 and Transwell assay.

Results:
MiR-183-5p was highly expressed in AS patients compared with the healthy group. Serum miR-183-5p expression was positively associated with carotid intima-media thickness and C-reactive protein in AS patients. The ROC analysis suggested that miR-183-5p had the quality to be used as a biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity for AS detection. Overexpression of miR-183-5p promoted the proliferation and migration of VSMCs.

Conclusion:
MiR-183-5p is highly expressed in AS patients, which promotes the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. MiR-183-5p may be a key molecular in the diagnosis and treatment of AS in the future.
Communication Preferences in Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Groeneveld Bob S. , Dekkers Tessa , Mathijssen Nina M. C. , Vehmeijer Stephan B. W. , Melles Marijke , Goossens Richard H. M. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:
Improving communication and information services for people receiving a total joint (knee or hip) arthroplasty (TJA) depends on the differences in patient communication needs and personal characteristics.

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to further examine individual differences in TJA patient preferences regarding communication and information provision.

METHODS:
Nineteen patients participated in generative research, which meant they actively reflected on their TJA experiences and communication preferences through creative exercises (e.g., collage making). Audio transcripts of their shared reflections were qualitatively analyzed through an inductive approach.

RESULTS:
Some participants wanted detailed health education, others did not. Participants also reported different support needs (e.g., at hospital discharge or during rehabilitation). Moreover, participant preferences for social connections with care providers differed.

CONCLUSIONS:
An individual patient's mindset, his or her social support needs, physical condition, and medical history should guide the provision of tailored services.
Parental Mental Health Care After Their Child’s Pediatric Intensive Care Hospitalization*
Authors: Logan Grace E. , Sahrmann John M. , Gu Hongjie , Hartman Mary E. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety have all been found in parents of PICU survivors. How these research findings translate to actual use of mental health services by parents remains unknown.

Design:
Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting:
Insurance claims data from 2006 to 2013 obtained from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database.

Patients:
Parents of PICU survivors.

Interventions:
We examined rates of: 1) mental health diagnoses, 2) outpatient mental health visits, and 3) prescriptions for antidepressants and anxiolytics among parents, 6 months before and 6 months after their child’s PICU admission, using each parent as their own control.

Measurements and Main Results:
Of the 95,070 parents identified, 9.5% received a new mental health diagnosis in the 6 months after their child’s PICU hospitalization, which represented a 110% increase from pre-PICU rates. A smaller proportion of parents were given new prescriptions for antidepressants (3.4%) and anxiolytics (3.9%) in the 6 months after their child’s PICU hospitalization. Mothers were twice as likely to receive a new mental health diagnosis and be taking a new medication than fathers in the post-PICU period. The parental diagnosis of acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder increased by 87% from the pre-PICU to the post-PICU period.

Conclusions:
After their child’s PICU hospitalization, the proportion of parents with a new mental health diagnosis nearly doubled. Mothers were at nearly twice the risk of receiving a new mental health diagnosis and receiving a new mental health medication compared with fathers. The proportion of parents receiving mental healthcare is much lower than the proportion reporting mental health symptoms in long-term outcomes studies. Whether this indicates a gap in healthcare delivery for parents with mental health symptoms remains unknown.