bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The MAC‐P program: A pilot study of a mindfulness and compassion program for youth with psychotic experiences
Authors: Hickey Tara , Nelson Barnaby , Enticott Joanne , Meadows Graham 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility, acceptability and the potential clinical utility of a novel mindfulness and compassion program (MAC‐P) designed for youth with a range of psychotic experiences.MethodA non‐randomised, non‐controlled prospective follow‐up study was conducted. Eighteen participants who either met criteria for the ‘at risk mental state’ or were experiencing a psychotic episode or had a recent diagnosis of schizophrenia attended the 8‐week program. Participants completed clinical assessments pre‐treatment, post‐treatment and at 6‐week follow‐up which measured a range of symptoms (psychosis, anxiety, depression and stress) and psychosocial outcomes.ResultsAttendance and retention data indicated that MAC‐P is a feasible and acceptable program. There was a large significant increase in self‐compassion. Mindfulness demonstrated a positive change over time. There was a large significant effect on one subscale—acting with awareness. There were significant reductions in distress associated with psychotic experiences as well as anxiety, depression, stress and self‐criticism. Significant improvements in functioning and insecure attachment styles were also found. Regression results demonstrated that self‐compassion was associated with a number of these findings.ConclusionThe MAC‐P for youth shows potential as a clinically effective intervention provided as an addition to treatment as usual for youth with psychotic experiences. A larger controlled study is needed to validate the effectiveness of this intervention.
Audit of antimicrobial use in eleven equine practices over a five‐year period (2014–2018)
Authors: Mair T. S. , Parkin T. D. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryMonitoring the use of antimicrobial drugs is an important component of antimicrobial stewardship. The objective of this clinical audit was to record the total annual quantities of different antimicrobial drugs prescribed in equine practices over a 5‐year period. Data on antimicrobial use were retrieved from the computerised practice management systems of 11 equine veterinary practices in the UK over the 5‐year period 2014–2018. There was a trend towards decreasing total quantities of antimicrobials prescribed each year from 2014 to 2018. Complete data for all 5 years were available in 6/11 practices. There was a 50% reduction in total antimicrobial usage between 2014 and 2018 in these practices, with a 38% reduction in enrofloxacin, a 95% reduction in ceftiofur and a 100% reduction in cefquinome usage between 2014 and 2018. As a proportion of the total quantities of antimicrobials prescribed, there were significant increases in the proportions of trimethoprim sulphadiazine and doxycycline used, and significant decreases in the proportion of cefquinome used between 2014 and 2018. The annual proportions of procaine penicillin use remained between 5 and 6% over the whole period. A limitation of the study was that data of the numbers and sizes of horses being prescribed the antimicrobials were not available. It was concluded that there was an overall decline in the quantities of antimicrobials prescribed by the 11 general equine practices over the time period of 2014 to 2018, including a reduction in the prescription of the critically important antimicrobials, enrofloxacin, ceftiofur and cefquinome.
Redistribution of salmon populations in the northeast Pacific ocean in response to climate
Authors: Shelton Andrew Olaf , Sullaway Genoa H. , Ward Eric J. , Feist Blake E. , Somers Kayleigh A. , Tuttle Vanessa J. , Watson Jordan T. , Satterthwaite William H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpecies that migrate long distances or between distinct habitats— for example, anadromous or catadromous fish—experience the consequences of climate change in each habitat and are therefore particularly at risk in a changing world. Studies of anadromous species often focus on freshwater despite the ocean's disproportionate influence on survival and growth. To understand a prominent anadromous species’ response to ocean climate, we use a new spatio‐temporal model jointly estimating the ocean distribution of all major fall‐run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Salmonidae) stocks from California to British Columbia over 40 years. We model hundreds of millions of tagged individuals, finding that different stocks have fundamentally different ocean distributions, distinct associations with sea surface temperature (SST), and contrasting distributional responses to historical ocean SST variation. We show species‐level estimates of ocean distribution that ignore among‐stock variation will lead to errant predictions of spatial distribution. Using future (2030–2090) SST projections to model focal stocks of fisheries importance we predict substantial ocean redistribution in response to SST change. Predicted aggregate distributional changes do not follow a simple, poleward shift. Instead, we predict net movement into some ocean regions (British Columbia, central California) but net movement out of others (northern California, Washington). Distribution shifts have implications for both major fisheries and marine mammal predators of Chinook salmon. We focus on the consequences of spatial changes in ocean distribution, but our approach provides a general structure to link marine and freshwater components of anadromous species under climate change.
Pharmacological preconditioning protects from ischemia/reperfusion‐induced apoptosis by modulating Bcl‐xL expression through a ROS‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Rozier Romain , Paul Rachel , Madji Hounoum Blandine , Villa Elodie , Mhaidly Rana , Chiche Johanna , Verhoeyen Els , Marchetti Sandrine , Vandenberghe Ashaina , Raucoules Marc , Carles Michel , Ricci Jean‐Ehrland 
Published: December 2020

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a frequent perioperative threat, with numerous strategies developed to limit and/or prevent it. One interesting axis of research is the anesthetic preconditioning (APc) agent’s hypothesis (such as sevoflurane, SEV). However, APc’s mode of action is still poorly understood and volatile anesthetics used as preconditioning agents are often not well suited in clinical practice. Here, in vitro using H9C2 cells lines (in myeloblast state or differentiated toward cardiomyocytes) and in vivo in mice, we identified that SEV‐induced APc is mediated by a mild induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activates Akt and induces the expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein B‐cell lymphoma‐extra large (Bcl‐xL), therefore protecting cardiomyocytes from I/R‐induced death. Furthermore, we extended these results to human cardiomyocytes (derived from induced pluripotent stem ‐ IPS ‐ cells). Importantly, we demonstrated that this protective signaling pathway induced by SEV could be stimulated using the antidiabetic agent metformin (MET), suggesting the preconditioning properties of MET. Altogether, our study identified a signaling pathway allowing APc of cardiac injuries as well as a rational for the use of MET as a pharmacological preconditioning agent to prevent I/R injuries.
Multiple Wavelet Coherence to Evaluate Local Multivariate Relationships in a Groundwater System
Authors: Gu Xiufen , Sun HongGuang , Zhang Yong , Yu Zhongbo , Zhu Jianting 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGroundwater level fluctuations are affected by surface properties due to complex correlations of groundwater‐surface water interaction and/or other surface processes, which are usually hard to be accurately quantified. Previous studies have assessed the relationship between groundwater level fluctuations and specific controlling factors. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the impact of the combination of multiple factors on the groundwater system. Hence, this paper tries to explore the localized and scale‐specific multivariate relationships between the groundwater level and controlling factors (such as hydrologic and meteorological factors) using bivariate wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence. The groundwater level fluctuations of two wells in areas covered by different plant densities (i.e., the riparian zone of the Colorado River, USA) are analyzed. Main findings include three parts. First, barometric pressure and river stage are the best factors to interpret the groundwater level fluctuations at small scales (<1 day) and large scales (>1 day) at the well of low‐density plants stand, respectively. Second, at the well of high‐density plants stand, the best predictors to control the groundwater level fluctuations include barometric pressure (<1 day), the combination of barometric pressure and temperature (1‐7 days), temperature (7‐30 days), and the combination of barometric pressure, temperature, and river stage (>30 days). The best predictor of groundwater head fluctuations depends on the variance of the vegetation coverage and hydrological processes. Third, these results provide a suite of factors to explain the groundwater level variations, which is an important topic in water‐resource prediction and management.
Applying the principles of adaptive leadership to person‐centred care for people with complex care needs: Considerations for care providers, patients, caregivers and organizations
Authors: Kuluski Kerry , Reid Robert J. , Baker G. Ross 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealth systems in many countries see person‐centred care as a critical component of high‐quality care but many struggle to operationalize it in practice. We argue that models such as adaptive leadership can be a critical lever to support person‐centred care, particularly for people who have multiple complex care needs.ObjectiveTo reflect on two concepts: person‐centred care and adaptive leadership and share how adaptive leadership can advance person‐centred care at the front‐line care delivery level and the organizational level.FindingsThe defining feature of adaptive leadership is the separation of technical solutions (ie applying existing knowledge and techniques to problems) from adaptive solutions (ie requiring shifts in how people work together, not just what they do). Addressing adaptive challenges requires identifying key assumptions that may limit motivations for change and the behaviours influenced by these assumptions. Thus, effective care for patients, particularly those with multiple complex care needs, often entails helping care providers and patients to examine their relationships and behaviours not just identifying technical solutions. Addressing adaptive challenges also requires a supportive and enabling organizational context. We provide illustrative examples of how adaptive leadership principles can be applied at both the front line of care and the organization level in advancing person‐centred care delivery.ConclusionsAdvancing person‐centred care at both the clinical and organizational levels requires a growth mindset, a willingness to try (and fail) and try again, comfort in being uncomfortable and a commitment to figure things out, in partnership, in iterative ways. Patients, caregivers, care providers and organizational leaders all need to be adaptive leaders in this endeavour.
A new application of Hydroxyapatite extracted from dromedary bone: Adsorptive removal of Congo red from aqueous solution
Authors: Ghedjemis Amina , Ayeche Riad , Benouadah Ali , Fenineche Noureddine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of the natural hydroxyapatite powder for anionic dye (Congo red) elimination from water and optimization of adsorption process parameters that are contact time (0‐360 min), solution pH (4‐9), initial dye concentration (400‐2400 mg/l), and adsorbent dosage (0.4‐20 g/l). Natural hydroxyapatite with high surface area was prepared from animal agriculture waste dromedary bone. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis characterizations of the powder prepared show a hexagonal structure, the irregular form of hydroxyapatite and presence of other elements as trace element. The results of adsorption tests demonstrated the high efficiency of natural hydroxyapatite for removal of Congo red from water solution whose maximum experimental capacity adsorption of Congo red by natural hydroxyapatite is 900 mg/g at pH 4.5, equilibrium time 240 min and adsorbent dosage 2 g/l. According to the correlation coefficient value, the pseudo‐second order kinetic model identified the sorption mechanism of pollutant used on natural hydroxyapatite. The Freundlich isotherm is the best representative theoretical model of the dye molecules’ adsorption on the natural hydroxyapatite support.
Linear programming based decision support system for grapes transport planning in CAPEL
Authors: Monardes‐Concha Carlos , Serrano‐Julio Carlos , Hoffmann Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research is about developing a decision support system (DSS) for the distribution of grapes and grape must in a Chilean cooperative, Cooperativa Agrícola Pisquera Elqui Limitada (CAPEL). CAPEL is dedicated to producing and distributing several beverages such as sparkling wines, beers, energy drinks, rum, and pisco. This work aims to support the grinding‐related transport stage through a linear programming based DSS, in order to find the optimal use of the transport demand in a network based on source and destination plants during the harvest season. To achieve this aim, an operational research (OR) model that feeds the DSS is developed, whose objective function seeks to minimize the total transport cost. The decision variables define the grape cargo to be transported from a source plant to a destination plant. The OR model uses constraints such as transportation demand, grinding capacity, maximum storage, and available grape in plants. The model succeeded in reducing the total transport costs by 14% for the 2017 season of the pisco‐making process, meaning approximately savings of 59 million Chilean pesos.
Informed equity ownership and bank loan contracting
Authors: Chang Kiyoung , Li Ying , Yi Ha‐Chin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBanks enter into loan contracts facing information asymmetries that demand costly due diligence and monitoring efforts. We hypothesize that enhanced monitoring could reduce information asymmetry and result in more favorable loan terms. We take local institutional ownership (IO) as a proxy for informed equity ownership that signals less information asymmetry and study the effect of informedequityownership oncreditors(bank loan contracting). We show that concentrated local long‐term institutional ownership (LLTIO) is associated with (1) a lower spread, (2) less stringent collateral requirement, and (3) less covenant intensity when shareholder–creditor conflicts of interest are unlikely and substituting monitoring devices are not in place. Our results are robust to controls for the endogeneity of IO. The findings suggest that the net effect from LLTIO's monitoring leads to more favorable loan terms and varies with the tradeoff in agency costs that creditors face.
Molecular and functional identification of a β‐defensin homolog in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Li Kexin , Li Wanru , Chen Xiaojuan , Luo Tian , Mu Yinnan , Chen Xinhua 
Published: December 2020

Abstractβ‐defensin (BD) is a cysteine‐rich cationic antibacterial peptide that is active against a wide range of bacteria. Here, a β‐defensin homolog (LcBD2) was identified in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The open reading frame of LcBD2 contains 195 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 64 amino acids that possesses a typical arrangement of six conserved cysteine residues (C31, C37, C41, C53, C59 and C60). LcBD2 transcripts were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues and significantly increased in head kidney, spleen and gills by Vibrio alginolyticus. The synthetic LcBD2 peptide imparted antimicrobial effects on both Gram‐negative bacteria (V. campbellii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis). We also observed that after treatment with synthetic LcBD2 peptide, numerous blisters appeared on the membrane of P. plecoglossicida, which in turn may result in cell membrane breakage and bacterial death. Moreover, the synthetic LcBD2 peptide significantly upregulated the expression levels of TNF‐α2, IL‐1β and CXCL8_L1 in monocytes/macrophages, while downregulated expression level of IL‐10. The LcBD2 peptide also remarkedly enhanced the phagocytosis of monocytes/macrophages. These results indicate that LcBD2 not only protects large yellow croaker against multiple bacterial pathogens but also plays a role in activation of monocytes/macrophages.
Smartphone‐Based Applications to Detect Hearing Loss: A Review of Current Technology
Authors: Irace Alexandria L. , Sharma Rahul K. , Reed Nicholas S. , Golub Justin S. 
Published: December 2020

Background/ObjectivesAge‐related hearing loss (ARHL) is a widely prevalent yet manageable condition that has been linked to neurocognitive and psychiatric comorbidities. Multiple barriers hinder older individuals from being diagnosed with ARHL through pure‐tone audiometry. This is especially true during the COVID‐19 pandemic, which has resulted in the closure of many outpatient audiology and otolaryngology offices. Smartphone‐based hearing assessment apps may overcome these challenges by enabling patients to remotely self‐administer their own hearing examination. The objective of this review is to provide an up‐to‐date overview of current mobile health applications (apps) that claim to assess hearing.DesignNarrative review.MeasurementsThe Apple App Store and Google Play Store were queried for apps that claim to assess hearing. Relevant apps were downloaded and used to conduct a mock hearing assessment. Names of included apps were searched on four literature databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) to determine which apps had been validated against gold standard methods.ResultsApp store searches identified 44 unique apps. Apps differed with respect to the type of test offered (e.g., hearing threshold test), cost, strategies to reduce ambient noise, test output (quantitative vs qualitative results), and options to export results. Validation studies were identified for seven apps.ConclusionGiven their low cost and relative accessibility, smartphone‐based hearing apps may facilitate screening for ARHL, particularly in the setting of limitations on in‐person medical care due to COVID‐19. However, app features vary widely, few apps have been validated, and user‐centered designs for older adults are largely lacking. Further research and validation efforts are necessary to determine whether smartphone‐based hearing assessments are a feasible and accurate screening tool for ARHL.Key Points
Age‐related hearing loss is a prevalent yet undertreated condition among older adults.

Why Does this Paper Matter?
Smartphone‐based hearing test apps may facilitate remote screening for hearing loss, but limitations surrounding app validation, usability, equipment calibration, and data security should be addressed.
The circadian syndrome predicts cardiovascular disease better than metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults
Authors: Shi Z. , Tuomilehto J. , Kronfeld‐Schor N. , Alberti G. K. , Stern N. , El‐Osta A. , Bilu C. , Einat H. , Zimmet P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the predictive value of the circadian syndrome (CircS) and Metabolic syndrome (MetS) for cardiovascular disease.MethodWe used the data of 9360 Chinese adults aged ≥40 years from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Of the participants, 8253 people were followed in the 2015 survey. MetS was defined using the harmonized criteria. CircS was based on the components of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) MetS plus short sleep and depression. The cut‐off for CircS was set as ≥4. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations.ResultsThe prevalence of CircS and MetS was 39.0% and 44.7%. Both MetS and CircS were directly associated with prevalent CVD. The odds ratios for prevalent CVD comparing CircS with MetS, respectively, were 2.83 (95%CI 2.33–3.43) and 2.34 (1.93–2.83) in men, and 2.33 (1.98–2.73) and 1.79 (1.53–2.10) in women. Similar associations were found for incident CVD. The five‐year incidence of CVD was 15.1% in CircS and 14.0% in MetS. The number of CircS components has a better predictive power for both prevalent and incident CVD than those of Mets components as indicated by the area under the ROC (AUC). AUC values for CVD in 2011 were higher for CircS than MetS in both men (0.659 (95%CI 0.634–0.684) vs 0.635 (95%CI 0.610–0.661)) and women (0.652 (95%CI 0.632–0.672) vs 0.619 (95%CI 0.599–0.640)).ConclusionThe circadian syndrome is a strong and better predictor for CVD than the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults.
Comparative study on the monocyclic components of plum rust with isolates from three growing regions in Brazil
Authors: Vidal Glória Soriano , Kleina Heloisa Thomazi , Beger Giovana , Zeviani Walmes Marques , May De Mio Louise Larissa , Duarte Henrique da Silva Silveira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature and wetness period (WP) on urediniospore germination of Tranzschelia discolor and the influence of temperature in the latent period and the number of pustules/cm2 produced by isolates obtained from São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR) and Santa Catarina (SC) states in Brazil. Spore germination was assessed under six temperatures (10–35°C) in combination with six WPs (3–48 hr). The latent period and the number of pustules were assessed in detached plum leaves inoculated with T. discolor at temperatures from 10 to 35ºC. In addition, the number of pustules produced by the three isolates was compared for 15 days at 23°C. The optimum temperatures for urediniospore germination estimated were 24.2, 24.4 and 24.3°C for isolates from PR, SC and SP, respectively, in the WP of 48 hr. The shortest latent periods estimated for PR, SC and SP isolates observed were 10.3, 8.9 and 10.6 days, at the optimal temperature of 21.9, 22.1 and 22.4°C, respectively. The greatest number of pustules/cm2 was 39.8, 158.5 and 63.1, for PR, SC and SP isolates, at the optimal temperature of 22.2, 22.2 and 22.7°C, respectively. Differences between isolates were observed for the latent period, which was shorter in leaves inoculated with the SC isolate. In addition, the number of pustules was greater in leaves inoculated with the SC isolate as compared to the latent periods and the number of pustules on leaves inoculated with the isolates from the other states. The highest rust progress rates were observed for isolates from the states of Santa Catarina and São Paulo. This information serves as a background study to better understand how plum leaf rust epidemics occur in the field under different environmental conditions, thus aiding in both the prevention of possible epidemics and the conception of more efficient control strategies.