bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-based behavioral analysis reaches human accuracy and is capable of outperforming commercial solutions
Authors: Sturman Oliver , von Ziegler Lukas , Schläppi Christa , Akyol Furkan , Privitera Mattia , Slominski Daria , Grimm Christina , Thieren Laetitia , Zerbi Valerio , Grewe Benjamin , Bohacek Johannes 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo study brain function, preclinical research heavily relies on animal monitoring and the subsequent analyses of behavior. Commercial platforms have enabled semi high-throughput behavioral analyses by automating animal tracking, yet they poorly recognize ethologically relevant behaviors and lack the flexibility to be employed in variable testing environments. Critical advances based on deep-learning and machine vision over the last couple of years now enable markerless tracking of individual body parts of freely moving rodents with high precision. Here, we compare the performance of commercially available platforms (EthoVision XT14, Noldus; TSE Multi-Conditioning System, TSE Systems) to cross-verified human annotation. We provide a set of videos—carefully annotated by several human raters—of three widely used behavioral tests (open field test, elevated plus maze, forced swim test). Using these data, we then deployed the pose estimation software DeepLabCut to extract skeletal mouse representations. Using simple post-analyses, we were able to track animals based on their skeletal representation in a range of classic behavioral tests at similar or greater accuracy than commercial behavioral tracking systems. We then developed supervised machine learning classifiers that integrate the skeletal representation with the manual annotations. This new combined approach allows us to score ethologically relevant behaviors with similar accuracy to humans, the current gold standard, while outperforming commercial solutions. Finally, we show that the resulting machine learning approach eliminates variation both within and between human annotators. In summary, our approach helps to improve the quality and accuracy of behavioral data, while outperforming commercial systems at a fraction of the cost.
COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics
Authors: Yang Li , Liu Shasha , Liu Jinyan , Zhang Zhixin , Wan Xiaochun , Huang Bo , Chen Youhai , Zhang Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide. The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to play a critical role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. SARS-CoV-2 not only activates antiviral immune responses, but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to lymphopenia, lymphocyte dysfunction, and granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities. These SARS-CoV-2-induced immune abnormalities may lead to infections by microorganisms, septic shock, and severe multiple organ dysfunction. Therefore, mechanisms underlying immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 must be elucidated to guide clinical management of the disease. Moreover, rational management of the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, which includes enhancing anti-viral immunity while inhibiting systemic inflammation, may be key to successful treatment. In this review, we discuss the immunopathology of COVID-19, its potential mechanisms, and clinical implications to aid the development of new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.
The cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil has antidepressant-like properties in the mouse forced swim test
Authors: Fitzgerald Paul J. , Hale Pho J. , Ghimire Anjesh , Watson Brendon O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFinding new antidepressant agents is of high clinical priority given that many cases of major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to conventional monoaminergic antidepressants such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Recent findings of effective fast-acting antidepressants indicate that there are biological substrates to be taken advantage of for fast relief of depression and that we may find further treatments in this category. In this vein, the cholinergic system may be a relatively overlooked target for antidepressant medications, given its major role in motivation and attention. Furthermore, the classically engaged monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems in depression treatment—serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine—interact directly at times with cholinergic signaling. Here we investigate in greater detail how the cholinergic system may impact depression-related behavior, by administering widely ranging doses of the cholinesterase inhibitor drug, donepezil, to C57BL/6J mice in the forced swim test. First, we confirm prior findings that this drug, which is thought to boost synaptic acetylcholine, promotes depression-like behavior at a high dose (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.). But we also find paradoxically that it has an antidepressant-like effect at lower doses (0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg). Further this antidepressant-like effect is not due to generalized hyperactivity, since we did not observe increased locomotor activity in the open field test. These data support a novel antidepressant-like role for donepezil at lower doses as part of an overall u-shaped dose-response curve. This raises the possibility that donepezil could have antidepressant properties in humans suffering from MDD.
A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Understanding and Reported Use of Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Thome Emma K. , Loveall Susan J. , Henderson Davis E. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) understanding and self-reported use of evidence-based practice (EBP). The study also investigated SLPs' opinions toward and barriers to EBP.MethodSLPs (n= 176) from across the United States participated in an online survey designed to assess their understanding and self-reported use of EBP. Participants were recruited via each state's speech-language-hearing association.ResultsA majority of participants were able to identify part of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's definition of EBP, but only a small percentage was able to accurately identify the complete, three-part definition. Similarly, most participants could discern between high and low levels of evidence but could not accurately rank all levels. Of a variety of listed sources, participants self-reported the least amount of knowledge for accessing college, university, public, and medical libraries, including online databases through these libraries. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association resources were reported as the most frequently accessed source. Participants self-reported that EBP is beneficial and important but that engaging in EBP can be difficult. The largest barrier to engaging in EBP was lack of time during the workday to stay up-to-date on research. Finally, although participants self-reported a lack of employer-led training in EBP, a majority also self-reported that employers value EBP in the workplace.ConclusionResults suggest SLPs may benefit from increased training on EBP and more time during the workday to engage in EBP. Employers, administrators, and supervisors should consider providing increased training on how to access and utilize peer-reviewed databases. The use of EBP will allow SLPs to improve their clinical practices and provide higher quality treatment to their clients.
The Complications between Different Routes of Reconstruction after Esophagectomy
Authors: Wang Mingdong , Jin Yuxiang , Sun Guangyuan , Zhao Xuewei , Xue Lei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The main purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative complications caused by surgical reconstruction via either retrosternal (RS) or prevertebral (PV) routes in thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy patients.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively screened the perioperative data in total 59 patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy in time period from January 2016 to January 2018. All the patients were subgrouped into two cohorts according to the surgical routes being taken: the RS route group (28 patients) and the PV route group (31 patients). The perioperative data including operation and hospitalization time and surgical complications were comparatively analyzed.
Results The surgical procedure in all patients was successful and no case of death occurred during perioperative stage in both groups. Notably, patients in the RS group had significantly lower propensity of pneumonia than patients in the PV group (p < 0.05). However, comparative analysis revealed almost an identical time for both operative process and postoperative hospitalization. And there was no statistical significance in the rate of anastomotic leakage and stricture as well as other complications (p > 0.05).
Conclusion RS and PV paths are both safe and effective routes that yielded similar postoperative complications. Reconstruction after thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy via the RS route had lower propensity of pneumonia than PV route.
Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury Following Surgical Valve Replacement
Authors: Ibrahim Khalid S. , Kheirallah Khalid A. , Mayyas Fadia A. , Alwaqfi Nizar A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury is a serious complication after surgical valve replacement and holds increased mortality rates.
Objectives To study predictors of acute kidney injury after surgical valve replacement.
Materials and Methods Patients who underwent valve surgery procedures at our center were included. Procedures included aortic valve replacement (AVR), mitral valve replacement (MVR), AVR with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), MVR with CABG, or AVR and MVR with/without CABG.
Results A total of 346 patients were included. The mean age was 51.56 (16.1). Males (n = 178) comprised 51%.At the univariate level analysis, predictors of acute kidney injury were found including age, ejection fraction, hypertension, history of CAD, emergency surgery, recent myocardial infarction, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, history of heart failure, mitral regurgitation (MR), pump time >120 minutes, aortic cross clamp >90 minutes, perioperative blood transfusion, re-exploration for bleeding, use of mechanical and biologic valve in aortic position, use of biologic valve in mitral position, prolonged inotropic support, postoperative stroke, and use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) < a month, (all p < 0.05).By Logistic regression analysis, Age (p < 0.0001, odds ratio[AOR] = 1.076), hypertension (p = 0.039, AOR = 1.829), heart failure (p = 0.019, AOR = 2.448), MR (p = 0.0001, AOR = 3.110), use of ACEi <month (p = 0.043, AOR= 2.181), pump time >120 minutes (p = 0.022, AOR = 1.797), perioperative blood transfusion (p = 0.008, AOR = 2.532), and prolonged inotropic support (p = 0.012, AOR = 2.591) were significant and independent predictors of AKI.
Conclusion Independent predictors of acute kidney injury following valve surgeries include age, hypertension, heart failure, MR, use of ACEi <month, perioperative blood transfusion, and prolonged pump time or inotropic support.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy without Radiation in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bhudia Jyotsna , Glynne-Jones Rob , Smith Thomas , Hall Marcia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn colon cancer, primary surgery followed by postoperative chemotherapy represents the standard of care. In rectal cancer, the standard of care is preoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiation, which significantly reduces local recurrence but has no impact on subsequent metastatic disease or overall survival. The administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) before surgery can increase the chance of a curative resection and improves long-term outcomes in patients with liver metastases. Hence, NACT is being explored in both primary rectal and colon cancers as an alternative strategy to shrink the tumor, facilitate a curative resection, and simultaneously counter the risk of metastases. Yet, this lack of clarity regarding the precise aims of NACT (downstaging, maximizing response, or improving survival) is hindering progress. The appropriate cytotoxic agents, the optimal regimen, the number of cycles, or duration of NACT prior to surgery or in the postoperative setting remains undefined. Several potential strategies for integrating NACT are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages.
Improving Rectal Cancer Outcomes with the National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Wexner Steven D. , White Christopher M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The treatment of rectal cancer has undergone dramatic changes over the past 50 years. It has evolved from a rather morbid disease usually requiring a permanent stoma, almost exclusively managed by surgeons, to one that involves experts across numerous disciplines to provide the best care for the patient. With significant improvements in surgical techniques, the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, advanced imaging, and standardization of pathological assessment, the perioperative morbidity and permanent colostomy rates have significantly decreased. We have seen improvements in the quality of the specimen and rates of recurrence as well as disease-free survival. Rectal cancer, as demonstrated in European trials, has now been recognized as a disease best managed by a multidisciplinary team.
Objective The aim of this article is to evaluate the main body of literature leading to the advances made possible by the new American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer.
Results Following the launch of the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer, we expect dramatic increases in membership and accreditation, with associated improvement in center performance and, ultimately, in patient outcomes.
Limitations The National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer began in 2017. To date, the only data that have been analyzed are from the preintervention phase.
Conclusions Based on the results of studies within the United States and on the successes demonstrated in Europe, it remains our hope and expectation that the management of rectal cancer in the United States will rapidly improve.
IL-1Ra Protects Hepatocytes from CCl4-Induced Hepatocellular Apoptosis via Activating the ERK1/2 Pathway
Authors: Zheng Ying , Xiao Xinyi , Yang Zhuoyi , Zhou Meiqi , Chen Hui , Bai Siyi , Zhu Jianwei , Yuan Yunsheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInterleukin-1 receptor antagonist is an important acute-phase protein and an immune mediator, and its expression is associated with the development of hepatitis or acute liver failure. The aim of this study was to investigate whether recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist directly targets and improves cell survival in a carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte injury model in vitro. A human hepatoma cell line and a mouse hepatocyte cell line were used to establish carbon tetrachloride-induced cell injury models in vitro, and cell viability, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species level were determined to assess the degree of hepatocellular damage. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the level of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA in cells; extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 phosphorylation in hepatocytes was analyzed using western blotting. Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist could directly target hepatocytes, improve cell survival, and decrease carbon tetrachloride-induced cell apoptosis in vitro. In hepatocytes, recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist remarkably downregulated expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in hepatocytes exposed to carbon tetrachloride. It also decreased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and abrogated the suppression of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 phosphorylation induced by carbon tetrachloride. However, stimulation of cells with an extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 inhibitor blocked the recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-induced upregulation of extracellular regulated protein kinase1/2 activation and abrogated the improvement in hepatocyte survival following carbon tetrachloride treatment. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the hepatocyte-protective mechanism of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.
Interhospital Transfer versus Direct Admission in Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dharma Surya , Dakota Iwan , Andriantoro Hananto , Firdaus Isman , Anandira Citra P. , Radi Basuni 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is concern whether patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who admitted to a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) center from interhospital transfer is associated with longer reperfusion time compared with direct admission. We evaluated the reperfusion delays in patients with STEMI who admitted to a primary PCI center through interhospital transfer or direct admission. We retrospectively analyzed 6,494 consecutive STEMI patients admitted between 2011 and 2019. Compared with direct admission (n = 4,121; 63%), interhospital transferred patients (n = 2,373) were younger (55 ± 10 vs. 56 ± 10 years, p < 0.001), had similar gender (85.6 vs. 86% male, p = 0.67), greater proportion of off-hour admission (65.2 vs. 48.3%, p < 0.001), less diabetes mellitus (28 vs. 30.8%, p = 0.019), and received more primary PCI (70.5 vs. 48.7%, p < 0.001). Interhospital transferred patients who received primary PCI (n = 3,677) or fibrinolytic (n = 238) had longer symptom-to-PCI center admission time (median, 360 vs. 300 minutes, p < 0.001), shorter door-to-device (DTD) time for primary PCI (median, 74 vs. 87 minutes, p < 0.001), and longer total ischemic time (median, 465 vs. 414 minutes, p < 0.001). Logistic regression in interhospital transferred patients showed that delay in door-in-to-door-out (DI-DO) time at the first hospital was strongly associated with prolonged total ischemic time (adjusted odds ratio = 3.92; 95% confidence interval: 3.06–5.04, p < 0.001). This study suggests that although interhospital transferred patients received more primary PCI with shorter DTD time, interhospital transfer creates longer total ischemic time that associates with the delay in DI-DO time at the first hospital that should be improved.
RTP4 inhibits IFN-I response and enhances experimental cerebral malaria and neuropathology
Authors: He Xiao , Ashbrook Alison W. , Du Yang , Wu Jian , Hoffmann Hans-Heinrich , Zhang Cui , Xia Lu , Peng Yu-Chih , Tumas Keyla C. , Singh Brajesh K. , Qi Chen-feng , Myers Timothy G. , Long Carole A. , Liu Chengyu , Wang Rongfu , Rice Charles M. , Su Xin-zhuan 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceMalaria is a deadly disease affecting hundreds of millions of people. Cerebral malaria is a type of severe disease with a high mortality rate. However, the causes leading to cerebral malaria, likely including parasite and host factors, are still elusive. Here we discover and investigate a host gene (receptor transporter protein 4 [RTP4]) that can regulate host type I interferon responses and symptoms of experimental cerebral malaria. RTP4 also significantly affects West Nile virus load in the brains of infected mice, but not in the heart and the spleen. This study reveals important roles of RTP4 in antimalarial and antiviral immunity, particularly in brain infection and pathology. RTP4 is a potential target for therapy in some neurological diseases.
Temporal changes guided by mesenchymal stem cells on a 3D microgel platform enhance angiogenesis in vivo at a low-cell dose
Authors: Thomas Dilip , Marsico Grazia , Mohd Isa Isma Liza , Thirumaran Arun , Chen Xizhe , Lukasz Bartlomiej , Fontana Gianluca , Rodriguez Brian , Marchetti-Deschmann Martina , O’Brien Timothy , Pandit Abhay 
Published: July 2020

Significance
An optimal 3D cell-delivery platform is key for cytoprotection and prolonged cell function in vivo for sustained delivery of therapeutic factors as “cell factories.” However, little is known about stem-cell phenotype and behavior resulting from in vitro preconditioning in engineered extracellular matrices. We demonstrate a close relationship between macromolecular concentration and mesenchymal stem cell behavior that drives morphological changes, modulation of integrin expression, and matrix rigidity after 96 h of in vitro preconditioning. Changes induced by the optimal microenvironment influence a proangiogenic phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells in a concentration-dependent manner and play a key role in promoting angiogenesis in vivo at a 20 times lower cell dose than the preclinical standard, tested in a severe, double-ligation model of CLI.
Effect of Construction Ventilation Scheme on Pollutant Transport in a High-Speed Railway Tunnel
Authors: Zhang G , Hu H , Ran G Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To find out the distribution of dust and harmful gases and check the effect of ventilation and dust prevention after blasting in tunnel construction with the drilling and blasting method, the wind velocity, dust concentration and the concentration of harmful gas in You-zhu-shan tunnel of Gui-Guang high-speed railway were studied by CFD simulation and field test. The ventilation scheme optimization was carried out and the optimum scheme of main tunnel as air intake while parallel heading as air outlet is put forward. The results showed that the concentration of CO in the tunnel working area is reduced to 24ppm after ventilation 24minutes. Dust concentration maximum lies in the working tunneling side which involves no direct air flow from air duct. And it will be reduced by the continuous dust discharging, trapping and settling along the tunnel due to turbulent diffusion and entrainment of jets. The dust concentration is of a large variation range between trolley and the tunnel portal. It is in high number in tunnel face due to the influence of trolley through the accumulation of the dust around, which will result in a poor working environment.
Study on the Smoke Spread Law of a Subway Tunnel Fire under the Synergistic Action of Shaft Smoke Exhaust and Longitudinal Ventilation
Authors: Zhang H , Zhang G , Ran G Y , Sun J C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Urban rail transit improves the urban spatial structure, solves the problem of urban traffic congestion, so its safety problem can not be ignored. Fire is one of the major factors threatening the safety of urban rail transit. Taking the tunnel between wengjiao road and Maqing road of Xiamen Rail Transit Line 2 as an example, the paper uses FDS software to simulate the mechanical smoke exhaust of the shaft under different wind speed conditions of the main tunnel, and deeply analyzes the smoke and temperature distribution under the fire conditions of the tunnel with the shaft. The results show that when the longitudinal wind speed v=1.7m/s and the shaft uses mechanical exhaust, there is no smoke upstream of the fire source, all the smoke is discharged through the shaft, and the height of the flue gas layer is significantly smaller than the thickness of the flue gas layer without longitudinal ventilation. The combination of longitudinal wind and mechanical smoke exhaust is more conducive to the safe evacuation of people.