bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peroral endoscopic septotomy for short-septum Zenker’s diverticulum
Authors: Repici Alessandro , Spadaccini Marco , Belletrutti Paul James , Galtieri Piera Alessia , Fugazza Alessandro , Anderloni Andrea , Carrara Silvia , Di Leo Milena , Pellegatta Gaia , Cappello Annalisa , Castoro Carlo , Ichkhanian Yervant , Khashab Mouen A. , Maselli Roberta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Treatments of Zenker’s diverticulum aim to dissect the cricopharyngeal muscle, removing the underlying source of dysfunction. This is difficult in patients with a short-septum (≤ 20 mm) diverticulum because the limited anatomical space restricts the operating area for either rigid or flexible endoscopic approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel third-space approach, peroral endoscopic septotomy (POES), for treating symptomatic patients with short-septum Zenker’s diverticulum.
Methods All patients with short-septum Zenker’s diverticulum who were referred for endoscopic repair from September 2017, were considered for the study. Outcomes included procedure-related adverse events and symptom improvement. The Dakkak – Bennett score was used to quantify dysphagia.
Results 20 patients (men 12, women 8; mean age 67.9 years [SD 14.3]) underwent POES. All procedures were performed with patients under deep sedation. Mean size of Zenker’s diverticulum was 17.5 mm (SD 3.0) and mean dysphagia score was 2.7 (SD 0.5). Average procedure time was 13.8 minutes (SD 5.1). No intra- or post- procedural adverse events occurred. Septal myotomy was successfully completed in all patients. Dysphagia significantly improved in 19 out of 20 patients. Dakkak – Bennett score improved to 0.3 (SD 0.5), P < 0.0001). No recurrences were reported in a mean follow-up time of 12.0 months (SD 3.7, range 6 – 20).
Conclusions POES may be considered as a potential alternative for the treatment of short-septum Zenker’s diverticulum. Further data are required to validate this technique and compare it with already available rigid and flexible approaches.
Immunohistochemistry of the Human Adrenal CYP11B2 in Normal
Individuals and in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Gomez-Sanchez Celso E. , Gomez-Sanchez Elise P. , Nishimoto Koshiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe CYP11B2 enzyme is the terminal enzyme in the biosynthesis of aldosterone.
Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CYP11B2 defines cells of the
adrenal ZG that synthesize aldosterone. CYP11B2 expression is normally
stimulated by angiotensin II, but becomes autonomous in primary
hyperaldosteronism, in most cases driven by recently discovered somatic
mutations of ion channels or pumps. Cells expressing CYP11B2 in young normal
humans form a continuous band beneath the adrenal capsule; in older individuals
they form discrete clusters, aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCC),
surrounded by non-aldosterone producing cells in the outer layer of the adrenal
gland. Aldosterone-producing adenomas may exhibit a uniform or heterogeneous
expression of CYP11B2. APCC frequently persist in the adrenal with an
aldosterone-producing adenoma suggesting autonomous CYP11B2 expression in these
cells as well. This was confirmed by finding known mutations that drive
aldosterone production in adenomas in the APCC of clinically normal people.
Unilateral aldosteronism may also be due to multiple CYP11B2-expressing nodules
of various sizes or a continuous band of hyperplastic ZG cells expressing
CYP11B2. Use of CYP11B2 antibodies to identify areas for sequencing has greatly
facilitated the detection of aldosterone-driving mutations.
Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for Quantification of
Filgotinib, a Novel JAK-1 Inhibitor in Mice Plasma: Application to a
Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Zakkula Ashok , Pulipati Shobha , Dittakavi Sreekanth , Bestha Ram Murthi , Zainuddin Mohd , Trivedi Ravi Kumar , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFilgotinib is a selective JAK1 (Janus kinase) inhibitor, filed in Japan for
the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In this paper, we present the data of
development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) method for the quantitation of filgotinib in mice plasma as per the
FDA regulatory guideline. The method involves the extraction of filgotinib
along with internal standard (IS, tofacitinib) from mice plasma
(100 µL) using ethyl acetate as an extraction solvent. The
chromatographic analysis was performed using an isocratic mobile phase
comprising 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.5) and acetonitrile (70:30,
v/v) at a flow-rate of 0.8 mL/min on a Hypersil Gold
C18 column. The UV detection wavelength was set at
λmax 300 nm. Filgotinib and the IS eluted at 5.56 and
4.28 min, respectively with a total run time of 10 min. The
calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 0.05 to
5.00 μg/mL (r
2+=≥0.992). The intra- and inter-day
precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. Results of
stability studies indicated that filgotinib was stable on bench-top, in
auto-sampler, up to three freeze/thaw cycles and long-term storage
at −80°C. The validated HPLC method was successfully applied
to a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
5-Iodo-1H-1,2,3-triazoles as Versatile Building Blocks
Authors: Balova Irina A. , Danilkina Natalia A. , Govdi Anastasia I. 
Published: April 2020

Copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition is a useful tool for the synthesis of both 1,2,3-triazoles and 5-iodo-1H-1,2,3-triazoles starting from either terminal alkynes or iodoalkynes. 5-Iodotriazoles have been recognized as very useful building blocks for the synthesis of diverse 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Synthetic application of 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazoles through the creation of a new C–C, C–heteroatom, or C–D(T) bond along with the application areas of both iodotriazoles and products of their modification including radiolabeled compounds are discussed.1	Introduction2	Synthetic Approaches to 5-Iodo-1H-1,2,3-triazoles3	5-Iodotriazoles in C–C Bond Formation3.1	Intermolecular C–C Cross-Coupling3.2	Intramolecular Cross-Coupling: Direct Arylation and C–I/C–I Homocoupling­3.3	Other Transformations4	5-Iodotriazoles in Radiolabeling, Halogen Exchange, and Heterocoupling Reactions5	Summary
Brominated β-Alkoxyvinyl Trihalomethyl Ketones as Promising Synthons in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Mittersteiner Mateus , Zanatta Nilo , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P. 
Published: April 2020

5-Bromo- and 5,5-dibromo-1,1,1-trihalo-4-methoxypent-3-en-2-ones (brominated enones) have proven to be attractive building blocks for the construction of heterocyclic and polyheterocyclic compounds bearing a trihalomethyl moiety through interesting cyclocondensation, alkylation, and cycloaddition reactions. This review compiles all of the reactions conducted with these brominated enones since they were first disclosed in 2001.1	Introduction2	Synthesis and Initial Applications3	Synthesis Using First-Generation Intermediates4	Synthesis Using Second-Generation Intermediates5	Synthesis Using Third-Generation Intermediates6	Conclusions
XperCT Sharpening Reconstruction for Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Guided Lung and Bone Interventions
Authors: Murphy Christopher M. , Ramoso L. Ray , Monroe Eric J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractC-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a valuable tool for three-dimensional navigation and mapping in the interventional radiology suite owing to its flexible gantry positioning, real-time three-dimensional volume acquisition, and reduced contrast and radiation use. Reports of CBCT-guided bone and lung interventions are relatively infrequent, however, possibly due in part to the lack of dedicated bone and lung reconstruction algorithms and concerns regarding insufficient lesion conspicuity. Two cases of an ad hoc intraprocedural CBCT sharpening reconstruction are presented in this article.
The Effect of Chemotherapy on Stroke Risk in Cancer Patients
Authors: Kitano Takaya , Sasaki Tsutomu , Gon Yasufumi , Todo Kenichi , Okazaki Shuhei , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Kitamura Yuri , Sakaguchi Manabu , Sobue Tomotaka , Matsumura Yasushi , Hattori Satoshi , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Chemotherapy may be a cause of cancer-associated stroke, but whether it increases stroke risk remains uncertain. We investigated how chemotherapy affects stroke risk in cancer patients.
Methods Of 27,932 patients in a hospital-based cancer registry (which contains clinical data on all patients treated for cancer at Osaka University Hospital) screened between 2007 and 2015, medical records of 19,006 patients with complete data were investigated. A validated algorithm was used to identify stroke events within 2 years of cancer diagnosis. Patients were divided based on whether their initial treatment plan included chemotherapy. The association between chemotherapy and stroke was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and stratified Cox regression.
Results Of 19,006 patients, 5,887 (31%) were in the chemotherapy group. Stroke occurred in 44 (0.75%) and 51 (0.39%) patients in the chemotherapy and nonchemotherapy group, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed that patients in the chemotherapy group had a higher stroke risk than those in the nonchemotherapy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–2.75). However, this difference was insignificant after adjustment for cancer status using inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity scores (HR 1.20; 95% CI 0.76–1.91). Similarly, in the stratified Cox regression model, chemotherapy was not associated with stroke after adjustment for cancer status (HR 1.26; 95% CI 0.78–2.03).
Conclusion In our study, the elevated stroke risk in cancer patients who received chemotherapy was presumably due to advanced cancer stage; chemotherapy was not associated with the increased risk of stroke.
11C- and 18F-labelled tryptophans as PET-tracers for imaging of altered tryptophan metabolism in age-associated disorders
Authors: Zlatopolskiy Boris D. , Endepols Heike , Krasikova Raisa N. , Fedorova Olga S. , Ermert Johannes , Neumaier Bernd 
Published: April 2020

The ageing of the world’s population is the result of increased life expectancy observed in almost all countries throughout the world. Consequently, a rising tide of ageing-associated disorders, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, represents one of the main global challenges of the 21st century. The ability of mankind to overcome these challenges is directly dependent on the capability to develop novel methods for therapy and diagnosis of age-associated diseases. One hallmark of age-related pathologies is an altered tryptophan metabolism. Numerous pathological processes including neurodegenerative and neurological diseases like epilepsy, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, cancer and diabetes exhibit marked changes in tryptophan metabolism. Visualization of key processes of tryptophan metabolic pathways, especially using positron emission tomography (PET) and related hybrid methods like PET/CT and PET/MRI, can be exploited to early detect the aforementioned disorders with considerable accuracy, allowing appropriate and timely treatment of patients. Here we review the published 11C- and 18F-labelled tryptophans with respect to the production and also preclinical and clinical evaluation as PET-tracers for visualization of different branches of tryptophan metabolism.
The bibliography includes 159 references.
Rising between-workplace inequalities in high-income countries
Authors: Tomaskovic-Devey Donald , Rainey Anthony , Avent-Holt Dustin , Bandelj Nina , Boza István , Cort David , Godechot Olivier , Hajdu Gergely , Hällsten Martin , Henriksen Lasse Folke , Hermansen Are Skeie , Hou Feng , Jung Jiwook , Kanjuo-Mrčela Aleksandra , King Joe , Kodama Naomi , Kristal Tali , Křížková Alena , Lippényi Zoltán , Melzer Silvia Maja , Mun Eunmi , Penner Andrew , Petersen Trond , Poje Andreja , Safi Mirna , Thaning Max , Tufail Zaibu 
Published: April 2020

SignificanceUnderstanding the causes of rising inequality is of concern in many countries. Using administrative data, we find that the share of inequality that is between workplaces is growing in 12 of 14 countries examined, and in no country has it fallen. Countries with declining employment protections see growth in both between- and within-workplace inequalities, but this impact is stronger for between-workplace inequalities. These results suggest that to reduce market income inequality requires policies that raise the bargaining power of lower-skilled workers. The widespread rise in between-workplace inequality additionally suggests policy responses that target the increasing market power of firms in concentrated markets as well as curb the ability of powerful firms to outsource low skill employment.
Molecular and isotopic evidence for milk, meat, and plants in prehistoric eastern African herder food systems
Authors: Grillo Katherine M. , Dunne Julie , Marshall Fiona , Prendergast Mary E. , Casanova Emmanuelle , Gidna Agness O. , Janzen Anneke , Karega-Munene  , Keute Jennifer , Mabulla Audax Z. P. , Robertshaw Peter , Gillard Toby , Walton-Doyle Caitlin , Whelton Helen L. , Ryan Kathleen , Evershed Richard P. 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Lipid residue analysis of archaeological ceramics provides the earliest direct chemical evidence for milk, meat, and plant consumption by pastoralist societies in eastern Africa. Data for milk in specialized pastoral systems (c. 5000 to 1200 BP) reveal changing selective pressures for lactase persistence and provide support for models of gene–culture coevolution among pastoral populations.
SLA developmental stages in the CEFR-related learner corpus MERLIN
Authors: Wisniewski Katrin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Little is known about the link between Second Language Acquisition (SLA) developmental stages (Pienemann 1998) and the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) proficiency levels.
Therefore, this study examines the inversion (INV) and verb-end (VEND) stages in L2 German MERLIN texts rated B1
(N = 104) or A2 (N = 32). Two acquisition criteria are applied to individual texts
(emergence, Pienemann 1998; 75%-correct, Ellis
1989) and combined with analyses of texts grouped at CEFR levels. Results suggest links between developmental stages
and CEFR levels: VEND was emerged in 44% of B1 texts, while most A2 texts did not contain VEND. Many B1 texts (61.5%), but only
37.5% of A2 texts showed emergence of INV. However, analyses also revealed persisting problems with INV accuracy at B1. More
generally, the study points out shared challenges for Learner Corpus Research, SLA, and proficiency/assessment research related to
the availability of linguistic evidence in learner texts.
A search for neutron magicity in the isotopic series of Z = 122, 128 superheavy nuclei
Authors: Siddiqui Tasleem Ahmad , Quddus Abdul , Ahmad Shakeb , Patra S K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The superheavy nuclei have been examined systematically in the region 158 ⩽ N ⩽ 218, 162 ⩽ N ⩽ 212 for Z = 122 and 128, respectively. The explicit density-dependent meson-exchange (DD-ME) and point-coupling (DD-PC) models within the framework of covariant density functional theory (CDFT) have been used to study the structural and decay properties of the isotopic series which includes the separable form of a finite range of pairing interaction. From the potential energy curves, the ground state properties of nuclei are predicted. Due to the importance of the shell effect in the superheavy region, the Strutinsky shell correction method has been employed for a better understanding of the extra stability of nuclei. The results from neutron pairing energy, two-neutron separation energy (S
2n
), single-particle energy levels, and total shell-correction energy strongly support N = 168, 174, and 178 as deformed neutron-magic numbers from both the force parameter, in both the isotopic series. N = 172 and 184 are predicted as spherical magic with DD-ME2 interaction in the Z = 122 isotopic series. Using three different semi-empirical approaches named UNIV2, SemFIS2, and ImSahu, the α-decay properties are studied and compared with available experimental data, FRDM2012 and the WS4 mass model. The stability of synthesized superheavy nuclei can be determined by comparing spontaneous fission half-lives with α-decay half-lives.
Optimization of compliant adaptive structures in the design of a morphing droop nose
Authors: Cavalieri Vittorio , De Gaspari Alessandro , Ricci Sergio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA design procedure for the synthesis of active camber morphing wing devices is proposed. A topology optimization initially defines the internal structure that is further enhanced by structural size and shape optimizations, and these optimizations are based on the distributed compliance concept. The size optimization enables the adaption of the topology solution to other materials and geometries while refining the topology solution to improve the shape quality of the skin deformation. Then, the structural shape optimization enables the reduction of the stress peaks inside the compliant structure and the finalization of the details to obtain a solution that is closer to the manufacturing process stage. The proposed methodology is used in the design of an adaptive droop nose to be installed on a reference regional aircraft, and two different design applications are considered. The first application is the validation of the procedure at the full–scale level using a superelastic material for the internal structure. The second application is the design of a corresponding 3D–printed prototype, in which both geometry and material changes are considered, for experimental validation. The results show satisfactory shape quality and the achievement of structural feasibility. The experimental functional test of the scaled prototype demonstrates the effectiveness of the adopted morphing solution.
Scaling theory for Mott–Hubbard transitions-II: quantum criticality of the doped Mott insulator
Authors: Mukherjee Anirban , Lal Siddhartha 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present a T = 0 K renormalization group (RG) phase diagram for the hole-doped 2D Hubbard model on the square lattice. The RG method employed is nonperturbative in treating quantum fluctuations of the single-particle occupation number via the unitarily decoupling of one electronic state at every RG step. As a result, the RG phase diagram possesses the quantum fluctuation energy scale (ω) as one of its axes. Using effective Hamiltonians and wavefunctions for the low-energy many-body eigenstates for the doped Mott liquid obtained from the stable fixed point of the RG flows, we demonstrate the collapse of the pseudogap for charge excitations (Mottness) at a quantum critical point (QCP) possessing a nodal non-Fermi liquid with superconducting fluctuations, and spin-pseudogapping near the antinodes. The QCP is characterised using both thermodynamic and quantum information-theoretic measures. d-wave superconducting order is shown to arise from this quantum critical state of matter. The pseudogap phase possesses a variety of fluctuations that lead to several symmetry-broken phases at low-energies. Benchmarking of the ground state energy per particle and the double-occupancy fraction obtained from a finite-size scaling analysis against existing numerical results yields excellent agreement. We present detailed insight into the T = 0 origin of several experimentally observed findings in the cuprates, including Homes law and Planckian dissipation. We also establish that the heirarchy of temperature scales for the pseudogap (T
PG), onset temperature for pairing (T
ons), formation of the Mott liquid (T
ML) and superconductivity (T
C) obtained from our analysis is quantitatively consistent with that observed experimentally for some members of the cuprates. Our results offer insight on the ubiquitous origin of superconductivity in doped Mott insulating states, and pave the way towards a systematic search for higher superconducting transition temperatures in such systems.
Influence of model resolution on bomb cyclones revealed by HighResMIP-PRIMAVERA simulations
Authors: Jiaxiang Gao , Shoshiro Minobe , Roberts Malcolm J , Haarsma Rein , Putrasahan Dian , Roberts Christopher D , Scoccimarro Enrico , Terray Laurent , Vannière Benoît , Vidale Pier Luigi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Bomb cyclones are explosively intensifying extratropical cyclones that can cause severe damage to life and property. However, the poor ability of coarse-resolution climate models to simulate bomb cyclones, including underestimation of the frequency of bomb cyclones, remains a problem. In this study, the dependence of bomb cyclone characteristics on horizontal resolution from 135 to 18 km is investigated by analyzing the outputs of HighResMIP historical simulations of atmospheric general circulation models and four reanalysis datasets. Robust resolution dependence of bomb cyclone characteristics is identified for both the models and the reanalyses. Finer horizontal resolution significantly increases the frequency of bomb cyclones and reduces their average horizontal size. A regression analysis indicates that bomb cyclone frequency is roughly doubled from 140 km to 25 km resolution. The overall increase in bomb cyclone number is associated with a large increase in small bomb cyclones and a moderate decrease in large ones. Bomb cyclones in higher-resolution models are also accompanied by a higher maximum wind speed and more extreme wind events, which is probably related to the increased pressure gradients due to the smaller size of the bomb cyclones. These results imply that high-resolution models should be used for evaluating the impacts of bomb cyclones.
Quantifying uncertainty in groundwater depth from sparse well data in the California Central Valley
Authors: Quay Amanda N. , Hering Amanda S. , Mauter Meagan S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Groundwater is a critical freshwater resource for irrigation in the California Central Valley, particularly in times of drought. Groundwater depth has dropped rapidly in California’s overdrafted basins, but irregular monitoring across space and time limits the accuracy of the groundwater depth projections in the Groundwater Sustainability Plans required by the California Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). This work constructs a Bayesian hierarchical model for predicting groundwater depth from sparse monitoring data in three Central Valley counties. We apply this model to generate 300 m resolution monthly groundwater depth estimates for drought years 2013–2015, and compare our smoothed groundwater depth map to smoothed rasterized maps published by the CA Department of Water Resources. Finally, we quantify uncertainty in groundwater depth predictions that are made by imputing missing well data and interpolating predictions across the study domain, which is helpful in directing future sampling efforts towards areas with high uncertainty. The BHM model accurately captures the spatiotemporal pattern in groundwater depth, as evidenced by 94.54% of withheld test samples’ true depth being covered by the 95% prediction interval drawn from the BHM posterior distribution. The model converged despite a very sparse dataset, demonstrating broad applicability for evaluating changes in regional groundwater depth as required by SGMA. Depth prediction intervals can also help prioritize future groundwater depth sampling activity and increase the utility of groundwater depth maps in total storage predictions by enabling sensitivity analysis.