bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy and Problems for Synthesis of Antimalaria Artemisinin (Qinghaosu)
Authors: Sahu Santosh Kumar , Behera Pradyota Kumar , Choudhury Prabhupada , Panda Subhalaxmi , Rout Laxmidhar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPresence of multi‐stereo centre in the antimalaria artemisinin molecules makes difficult to chemist for diastereoselective synthesis. This diastereoselectivity is the main hurdle for low yield of product in the reported synthesis. Though, artemisinin‐based drugs are in the frontline treatment of malaria and effective medicine that kills malarial parasites. Due to insufficient production of artemisinin (qinghaosu), millions of people lost their lives in past years worldwide. The current review will summarize the strategy developed so far for synthesis of antimalaria artemisinin and problems encountered during the synthesis. The combined insight of different methods may allow finer approaches capable of delivering efficient synthetic approaches for developing artemisinin and their hybrid analogues for further drug discovery.
Sandwichelemente mit Wellpappe als Kernmaterial
Authors: von der Heyden Aaron , Lange Jörg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIm Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts des Fachgebiets Stahlbau der TU Darmstadt wurde die Eignung von Wellpappe als Kernmaterial für Sandwichelemente zur Verkleidung von Dach‐ und Wandflächen untersucht. Wellpappe ist im Gegensatz zu üblichen Kernmaterialien recycelbar und besteht aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen. Das Tragverhalten hängt hauptsächlich von den verwendeten Papieren und der Ausrichtung des anisotropen Materials im Sandwichelement ab. Die schwächste Ausrichtung weist ähnliche Steifigkeiten und Festigkeiten wie die herkömmlichen Materialien auf. Diese können jedoch von anderen Kernausrichtungen vielfach übertroffen werden. Untersuchungen der wichtigsten bauphysikalischen Parameter der Sandwichbauweise haben gezeigt, dass das Brandverhalten geringfügig besser ist als das üblicher PU‐Sandwichelemente. Die Wärmeleitfähigkeit in der schwächsten Kernausrichtung ist mit der von Mineralwolle vergleichbar, die stärkeren Kernausrichtungen zeigen höhere Wärmeleitfähigkeiten.
Wärmetechnisch verbesserte Stahl‐Unterkonstruktionen für Metallfassaden
Authors: Kuhnhenne Markus , Vontein Marius , Pauli Gesa , Schaffrath Simon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnterkonstruktionen von vorgehängten Fassaden durchdringen die Wärmedämmung und bilden somit eine Wärmebrücke, die durch höhere Dämmdicken oder die Materialauswahl kompensiert werden kann. Diese Umplanung erfolgt häufig zu einem späten Zeitpunkt im Projekt und ist mit erheblichen Mehrkosten verbunden. Sofern es die Bautoleranzen zulassen, kann der Wechsel von einer klassischen zweiteiligen Unterkonstruktion bestehend aus Halter und Tragschiene zu einer einteiligen Unterkonstruktion als Z‐Profil sinnvoll sein und zu einem schnelleren, und damit kostengünstigeren, Einbau führen. Einteilige Unterkonstruktionen aus Metall weisen als linienförmige Bauteile zunächst eine größere Wärmebrückenwirkung auf als die zweiteilige Ausführung mit Haltern und Tragschiene, können jedoch durch das Einbringen von Schlitzen wärmetechnisch so ertüchtigt werden, dass baurechtliche Vorgaben des Wärmeschutzes ohne die Erhöhung von Dämmdicken erreicht werden können. Die Z‐Profile werden unmittelbar an dem tragenden Verankerungsgrund befestigt und bilden direkt das Tragprofil für die Fassadenelemente. Statische Untersuchungen an durch die Schlitze geschwächten Z‐Profilen zeigen, dass eine ausreichende Tragfähigkeit gegeben ist.
Influence of birth weight on fetal cardiac indices at 35–37 weeks' gestation
Authors: Semmler J. , Abdel‐Azim S. , Anzoategui S. , Zhang H. , Nicolaides K. H. , Charakida M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveEchocardiographic studies have reported that fetuses with low birth weight, compared to those with normal birth weight, have globular hearts and reduced cardiac function. Dichotomizing continuous variables, such as birth weight, may be helpful in describing pathology in small studies but can prevent us from identifying physiological responses in relation to change in size. The aim of this study was to explore associations between fetal cardiac morphology and function and birth weight, as a continuous variable, as well as uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI), as an indirect measure of placental perfusion, and the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), as an indirect measure of fetal oxygenation.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 1498 women with singleton pregnancy undergoing routine ultrasound examination at 35 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. Pregnancies complicated by pregestational or gestational diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, pregnancy‐induced hypertension or pre‐eclampsia were excluded from the analysis. Conventional and more advanced echocardiographic modalities, such as speckle tracking, were used to assess fetal cardiac function in the right and left ventricles. The morphology of the fetal heart was assessed by calculating the right and left sphericity indices. In addition, the PI of the UtA, umbilical artery (UA) and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) was determined and the CPR was calculated by dividing MCA‐PI by UA‐PI. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess determinants of fetal echocardiographic parameters.ResultsThe study population included 146 (9.7%) small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses with birth weight < 10th percentile and 68 (4.5%) with fetal growth restriction (FGR). In the SGA and FGR groups, compared to the non‐SGA and non‐FGR fetuses, respectively, there was a more globular right ventricle and reduced left and right ventricular systolic function, and, from the left ventricular diastolic functional indices, the E/A ratio was increased. There was a linear association of right ventricular sphericity index, indices of left and right ventricular systolic function and E/A ratio with birth‐weight Z‐score. There were no significant associations between cardiac morphological and functional indices and UtA‐PI Z‐score or CPR Z‐score.ConclusionsThis screening study at 35–37 weeks' gestation has demonstrated that birth weight is a determinant of fetal cardiac morphology
and function but UtA‐PI and CPR, as indirect measures of placental perfusion and fetal oxygenation, are not. This suggests that the differences in fetal cardiac indices between small and appropriately grown fetuses may be part of a normal physiological response to change in fetal size rather than part of a pathological adaptation to abnormal placental perfusion and fetal oxygenation. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Which factors are associated with anal incontinence after obstetric anal sphincter injury?
Authors: Speksnijder L. , Oom D. M. J. , DE Leeuw J.‐W. , Steensma A. B. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesObstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) is an important factor in the etiology of anal incontinence. This study aimed to evaluate whether anal sphincter defects, levator avulsion or levator ballooning after OASI are associated with severity of anal incontinence. Furthermore, we evaluated whether factors such as constipation and altered stool consistency are associated with symptoms of incontinence after OASI.MethodsIn this multicenter prospective observational cohort study, women with OASI were invited to participate at least 3 months after primary repair. All women completed validated questionnaires, including St Mark's incontinence score, Bristol stool scale (BSS) and Cleveland clinic constipation score (CCCS), and underwent four‐dimensional (4D) transperineal ultrasound for assessment of the levator ani muscle and anal sphincter.ResultsIn total, 220 women were included. Median follow‐up was 4 months (range, 3–98 months). Univariate linear regression analysis showed an association of St Mark's incontinence score with a residual defect of the external anal sphincter (EAS) (β, 1.55 (95% CI, 0.04–3.07); P = 0.045), higher parity (β, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.02–1.67); P = 0.046), BSS (β, 1.28 (95% CI, 0.67–1.89); P < 0.001) and CCCS (β, 0.36 (95% CI, 0.18–0.54); P < 0.001). However, multivariate linear regression found an association of St Mark's incontinence score only with BSS (β, 1.50 (95% CI, 0.90–2.11); P < 0.001) and CCCS (β, 0.46 (95% CI, 0.29–0.63); P < 0.001).ConclusionsResidual defects of the EAS, detected on 4D transperineal ultrasound, are associated with severity of anal incontinence symptoms measured using St Mark's incontinence score 4 months after OASI repair. Furthermore, clinical factors such as constipation and altered stool consistency appear to influence this association and may therefore play a more important role in clinical management. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Magnetic-dipole corrections to RK and RK* in the Standard Model and dark photon scenarios
Authors: Gabrielli Emidio , Palmiotto Marco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work we evaluate the long-distance QED contributions, induced by the magnetic-dipole corrections to the final charged leptons, on the B meson decay widths B → (K, K*)ℓ+ℓ− and ratios RK,K* = Γ(B → (K, K*)μ+μ−)/Γ(B → (K, K*)e+e−), as well as on $$ {R}_{K,K\ast}^{\tau } $$

R

K
,
K
∗

τ

(with μ replaced by the τ lepton). QED long-distance contributions induced by the Coulomb potential corrections (Fermi-Sommerfeld factors) were also included. Corresponding corrections to the inclusive decay widths of B → Xsℓ+ℓ−, with ℓ = e, μ, τ, are also analyzed for completeness. The magnetic-dipole corrections, which are manifestly Lepton Flavor Universality violating and gauge-invariant, are expected to be particularly enhanced in RK* for the dilepton mass region close to the threshold. However, we find that the largest contribution of all these corrections to the RK,K* observables do not exceed a few per mille effect, thus reinforcing the validity of previous estimates about the leading QED corrections to RK,K*. Finally, viable new physics contributions to RK,K* induced by the exchange of a massless dark-photon via magnetic-dipole interactions, which provide the leading contribution to the corresponding B → (K, K*)ℓ+ℓ− amplitudes in this scenario, are analyzed in light of the present RK,K* anomalies.
Solution of the size and horizon problems from classical string geometry
Authors: Bernardo Heliudson , Brandenberger Robert , Franzmann Guilherme 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn a recent paper we developed a string cosmology background from classical string geometry. Here, we show that this background yields a solution to the size and horizon problems of Standard Big Bang cosmology while remaining compatible with the Transplanckian Censorship Conjecture. We also take a first look at the evolution of cosmological perturbations in this model.
Geometry assessment of ultra-short pulsed laser drilled micro-holes
Authors: Putzer Matthias , Ackerl Norbert , Wegener Konrad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUltra-short pulsed laser ablation enables a defined generation of micro-holes. A parameter study on the ablation characteristics of copper clearly reveals a benefit for green wavelength with lower threshold fluence, simultaneously increasing the Rayleigh length. The use of a circular drilling method allows a defined manufacturing of micro boreholes and micro through-holes with 35 μm diameter of up to 165 μm and 300 μm length. Introducing high-resolution micro-computed X-ray tomography studying the micro-hole evolution and adjacent geometrical transformations reveals micrometer resolution and high usability. The conical geometry evolving up to an aspect ratio of 5:1 fits well to established models known for percussion drilling. However, increasing the number of pulses leads to non-conical geometry evolution, and this resulting geometry is studied for the first time. Henceforth, the exact geometrical evolution from conical to cylindrical shape upon laser drilling can be resolved revealing the impact of multiple reflections at the generated steep flanks.
Ecofriendly inclined drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP)
Authors: Pervaiz Salman , Kannan Sathish , Huo Dehong , Mamidala Ramulu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKey composite made aerostructures such as fuselage inner walls, flap support fairings, empennage ribs, and the vertical fin ribs are comprised of non-vertical inclined and radial holes that join with other key metallic and non-metallic structures. Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are also used in the aerospace, automotive, marine, and sports-related applications due to their superior properties such as high strength to weight ratio, better fatigue, and high stiffness. CFRP drilling operation is different than the homogenous materials as the cutting-edge interacts with fiber and matrix simultaneously. Flank face of the tool rubs on the workpiece material and develops high frictional contact due to the elastic recovery of broken fibers. Lubrication during CFRP cutting can reduce the friction involved at tool-workpiece interface to enhance cutting performance. Dry cutting, cryogenic machining, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL)-based strategies are termed as ecofriendly cooling/lubrication methods when machining high performance materials. The abrasive nature of carbon fiber is responsible of producing cutting forces which leads to different types of imperfections such as delamination, uncut fiber, fiber breakout, and fiber pullout. The integrity of CFRP drilled hole especially at the entry and exit of the hole plays a significant role towards the overall service life. The presented paper aims to characterize the interrelationships between hole inclination, lubrication/cooling methods, tool coating, and drill geometry with inclined hole bore surface quality and integrity during drilling of CFRP laminates. In dry cutting, thrust forces were found 2.38 times higher in the 30° inclination when compared with the reference 90° conventional inclination angle. Compressed air provided lowest increase (1.46 times) in the thrust forces for 30° inclination.
Four Hours Postoperative Mobilization is Feasible After Thoracoscopic Anatomical Pulmonary Resection
Authors: Nakada Takeo , Shirai Suguru , Oya Yuko , Takahashi Yusuke , Sakakura Noriaki , Ohtsuka Takashi , Kuroda Hiroaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to analyze the feasibility and risk factors associated with early mobilization (EM) within 4 h after thoracoscopic lobectomy and segmentectomy.MethodsThis study retrospectively evaluated 214 consecutive patients who underwent thoracoscopic anatomical pulmonary resection using our EM protocol between October 2017 and February 2019. We compared the correlations of the patients’ characteristics including the total number of drugs and perioperative parameters such as air leak, and orthostatic hypotension (OH) between the EM (E group) and failed EM (F group) groups. Second, we evaluated risk factors for OH, which often causes critical complications.ResultsA total of 198 patients (92.5%: E group) completed the EM protocol, whereas 16 patients did not (7.5%: F group). The primary causes of failure were severe pain, air leak, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and OH (n = 1, 3, 8, and 4). Upon univariate analysis, air leakage, OH, and non‐hypertension were identified as risk factors for failed EM (all p <0.05). EM was associated with a shortened chest tube drainage period (p <0.01). Thirty patients (14%) experienced OH, and 20% of them failed EM. A total number of drugs ≥5 (p = 0.015) was an independent risk factor for OH. Operative and anesthetic variables were not associated with EM or OH.ConclusionsThe EM protocol was safe and useful for tubeless management. Surgeons should be advised to actively prevent air leak. Our EM protocol achieved a low frequency of OH in mobilization. Due to its versatility, our mobilization protocol may be promising, especially in patients without severe comorbidities.Clinical registration number: The study protocol was approved by the Review Board of Aichi Cancer Center (approval number: 2020‐1‐067).
Risk factors for dislocation after bipolar hemiarthroplasty: a retrospective case–control study of patients with CT data
Authors: Graulich Tilman , Graeff Pascal , Jaiman Ashish , Nicolaides Stine , Omar Pacha Tarek , Örgel Marcus , Macke Christian , Omar Mohamed , Krettek Christian , Liodakis Emmanouil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Bipolar hemiarthroplasty has been shown to have a lower rate of dislocation than total hip arthroplasty. However, as the influencing risk factors for bipolar hemiarthroplasty dislocation remain unclear, we aimed to analyse patient and surgeon-specific influencing risk factors for bipolar hemiarthroplasty dislocation.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed patients who were operated between 2012 and 2018 and had dislocated bipolar hemiarthroplasty and matched them to patients without a dislocated bipolar hemiarthroplasty, operated between 2018 and 2019. The study was limited to patients who received either a pre- or postoperative pelvic computed tomography. Besides demographic, morphologic, and physiologic data, we analysed duration of surgery; ASA score; Charlson Comorbidity Index; Almelo Hip Fracture Score; Parker Score; and acetabular morphology angles including acetabular anteversion angle, posterior acetabular sector angle, posterior wall angle, and acetabular roofing.

Results
We included nine patients with a dislocated bipolar hemiarthroplasty and 30 with a non-dislocated bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Patient-specific factors prompting a higher risk for dislocated bipolar hemiarthroplasty were longer duration of surgery (min) (115 ± 50 vs. 80 ± 27, p = 0.01); dementia (56% vs. 13%, p < 0.01); smaller posterior acetabular sector angle (°) (96 ± 6 vs. 109 ± 10, p < 0.01); and smaller posterior wall angle (°) (67 ± 6 vs. 77 ± 10, p = 0.02).

Conclusion
Dementia and insufficient posterior wall angle were associated with higher risk of dislocation in bipolar hemiarthroplasty
Organic farming practices utilizing spent microbial biomass from an industrial fermentation facility promote transition to copiotrophic soil communities
Authors: Halter Mathew , Vaisvil Benjamin , Kapatral Vinayak , Zahn James 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOrganic farming has become more prevalent in recent years as consumer demand for organic food and fiber has rapidly grown. Until recently, organic fertilizers and soil amendments have largely been based on the practices of returning crop residues, manures and related agricultural wastes back to crop production areas. One rapidly growing segment in commercial organic fertilizer development is the use of spent microbial biomass (SMB) from industrial fermentation processes. While SMB is widely accepted in many organic farming systems (OFS), little is known concerning the effectiveness, environmental impact, and influence on prokaryotic communities in soils receiving this treatment. In this study, a comparative analysis of bacterial communities associated with OFS and conventional farming systems was performed over a growing season for a field containing yellow dent corn (Zea mays). A statistically significant increase in microbial population α-diversity, along with a strong recruitment of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria populations, was observed in soils treated with SMB when compared to areas in the field that utilized conventional farmer practices. These phyla are members of the copiotrophic subgroup, and considered a signature for the use of traditional organic fertilizers. These results provide valuable new information that SMB functions similarly to traditional organic fertilizers in promoting a high level of functional prokaryotic diversity and plant growth-promoting bacteria, but in contrast do not contribute directly to viable microorganisms in the soil due to the sterilization of SMB prior to land application.
Verfassungsrechtliche Fragen zur landesrechtlichen Abweichung von der Bundeskompensationsverordnung
Authors: Faßbender Kurt 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag geht am Beispiel des Art. 8 Abs. 3 S. 2 BayNatSchG der Frage nach, auf welche Weise
die Länder von der Bundeskompensationsverordnung (BKompV) abweichen dürfen, die der Bund vor kurzem
zur Konkretisierung der naturschutzrechtlichen Eingriffsregelung erlassen hat. Er kommt dabei zu dem Ergebnis,
dass die derzeit geltende bayerische Regelung verfassungswidrig ist und somit eine Anwendbarkeit der BKompV
in Bayern nicht verhindern kann, weil die Voraussetzungen einer Abweichung von der BKompV zum Zeitpunkt
des Erlasses des Art. 8 Abs. 3 S. 2 BayNatSchG noch nicht vorlagen. Zudem handelt es sich bei der bayerischen
Regelung um eine unzulässige Form der Negativgesetzgebung.
Behavior factor of concrete portal frames with dissipative devices based on carbon-wrapped steel tubes
Authors: Pollini Andrea Vittorio , Buratti Nicola , Mazzotti Claudio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe key element characterizing the seismic vulnerability of existing prefabricated RC structures, not designed for earthquake actions, are friction-based connections between structural members; mainly those between beams and columns and beams and roofing beams. The paper discusses the effectiveness of dissipative connectors made of carbon wrapped steel tubes. In particular, it presents the results of Incremental Dynamic Analyses on portal frames, aimed at evaluating behavior factor values to be used in design. A simplified formula for estimating the behavior factor is also proposed. Results of nonlinear IDAs suggest that the introduction of these dissipative devices in friction-based beam-column joints provides an effective connection between structural members and, in addition, reduces the forces transmitted to columns, improving the seismic behavior of the entire structure.
Quantum Teleportation via Entangled State of Light in Schwarzschild Black Hole
Authors: Mirzaei Sevda , Akbarieh Amin Rezaei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we describe the properties of quantum entanglement and teleportation between Alice and Bob who is freely falling toward the Schwarzschild black hole. To this aim, in the flat Minkowski spacetime before a black hole is formed, Alice and Bob share a two-mode entangled coherent state (ECS) generated by Kerr medium and the beam splitter. We will show that the degree of entanglement decreases with increasing the radius of black hole r. Moreover, the fidelity of quantum teleportation via ECS, as a quantum channel, is also reduced because of the Hawking-Unruh effect.
Extraction of Naturalistic Driving Patterns with Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Balsa-Barreiro José , Valero-Mora Pedro M. , Menéndez Mónica , Mehmood Rashid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA better understanding of Driving Patterns and their relationship with geographical driving areas could bring great benefits for smart cities, including the identification of good driving practices for saving fuel and reducing carbon emissions and accidents. The process of extracting driving patterns can be challenging due to issues such as the collection of valid data, clustering of population groups, and definition of similar behaviors. Naturalistic Driving methods provide a solution by allowing the collection of exhaustive datasets in quantitative and qualitative terms. However, exploiting and analyzing these datasets is complex and resource-intensive. Moreover, most of the previous studies, have constrained the great potential of naturalistic driving datasets to very specific situations, events, and/or road sections. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for extracting driving patterns from naturalistic driving data, even from small population samples. We use Geographic Information Systems (GIS), so we can evaluate drivers’ behavior and reactions to certain events or road sections, and compare across situations using different spatial scales. To that end, we analyze some kinematic parameters such as speeds, acceleration, braking, and other forces that define a driving attitude. Our method favors an adequate mapping of complete datasets enabling us to achieve a comprehensive perspective of driving performance.