bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical investigation of thermal decomposition solvents for TOAHCl
Authors: Sun Tianyu , Ma Yuan , Yang Ying , Liu Chenglin , Yu Jianguo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the pursuit of optimizing the reaction-extraction-crystallization coupled mineralization process for CCUS technology, this study presents a pioneering investigation into the solvent effects on the thermal decomposition of tri-n-octylamine hydrochloride (TOAHCl). DFT calculations have determined the structure parameters, solvation free energy, infrared spectrum, and charge distribution of TOAHCl in 41 solvents, and obtained a universal law for the effects of solvents on the thermal decomposition process of TOAHCl, which enabling the rapid screening of optimal solvents for experimental application. With the experiment results, the standout finding is the identification of n-undecane as the most favorable solvent, distinguished by its rapid thermal decomposition rate, high final conversion rate of 93.8%, minimal environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness. These attributes mark a significant advancement over solvents reported in existing literature. Furthermore, MD simulations corroborate that n-undecane can enhance the decomposition process, underscoring their role in diluting reactants and products to facilitate mass transfer. This work not only sheds light on the solvent-mediated thermal decomposition pathways of TOAHCl but also provides a new idea for thermal decomposition solvent screening.
Calculation of Operational Parameter Variation of Finite Slider and Journal Bearings with Stochastic Roughness on the Stator and the Rotor
Authors: Skaltsas Dimitrios , Papadopoulos Christos I. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Within the framework of stochastic surface roughness representation, a recently derived Reynolds-type equation has been employed by the authors to compute the average values of a bearing's operational parameters. To enhance the understanding of hydrodynamic lubrication phenomena in rough bearings, it is necessary to account for the stochastic nature of these parameters by evaluating their higher-order moments, such as variance. This study aims to derive and quantify equations for the computation of these higher-order moments. Specifically, the paper presents equations for the variance of key operational parameters, including pressure, load-carrying capacity, friction force, and friction coefficient, in both finite-width slider and journal bearings. Furthermore, Raimondi-Boyd-like charts are developed for various L/B and L/D ratios, across a wide range of stator and rotor roughness standard deviations, applicable to both bearing types.
Reparative immunological consequences of stem cell transplantation as a cellular therapy for refractory Crohn’s disease
Authors: Guisado Daniela , Talware Sayali , Wang Xiaoli , Davis Andrew , Fozilov Elbek , Etra Aaron , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Schaniel Christoph , Tastad Christopher , Levine John E , Ferrara James L M , Ling-Shiang Chuang , Sabic Ksenija , Singh Shishir , Marcellino Bridget K , Hoffman Ronald , Cho Judy , Cohen Louis 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundTreatment strategies for Crohn’s disease (CD) suppress diverse inflammatory pathways but many patients remain refractory to treatment. Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is an emerging therapy for medically refractory CD though the mechanisms through which it circumvents refractory pathophysiology are unknown.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to understand how the immune system reconstitutes post-SCT and whether SCT may function as a cellular therapy restoring appropriately responsive immune cell populations from haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).DesignAdults with CD with active clinical and endoscopic disease who failed available medical therapies were enrolled in a phase II study of SCT for refractory CD (n=19). Blood and intestinal samples were collected longitudinally and analysed using CyTOF and scRNA-seq. Stem cell autografts were functionally assayed in mouse xenograft models.ResultsscRNA-seq and CyTOF analyses reveal that SCT predominantly affected the intestinal myeloid lineage with loss of inflammatory populations and return of macrophages capable of supporting mucosal healing. Xenograft models using patient HSCs suggested that HSCs support the early reconstitution of the myeloid lineage and reveal an impairment of short and long-term HSC engraftment that may determine SCT outcomes.ConclusionsThis study suggests SCT functions as a myeloid-directed cellular therapy reinforcing the critical role of macrophages in refractory CD pathophysiology and as a target for cellular therapies. Furthermore, we report an unrecognised functional heterogeneity among HSC subpopulations in CD that may be relevant to our understanding of CD treatment and pathophysiology.
Purified oat protein can trigger acute symptoms linked to immune activation in coeliac disease patients but not histological deterioration
Authors: Hardy Melinda Y , Russell Amy K , Henneken Lee M , Tanner Greg , Bekes Ferenc , Brown Ian , Motyer Allan , Olechnowicz Sam W Z , Reid Hugh H , Rossjohn Jamie , Tye-Din Jason A 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundOat ingestion in coeliac disease (CD) is generally regarded as safe but can trigger enteropathy and T cells specific for oat avenin in the gut and blood of some individuals.ObjectiveTo correlate immune and clinical outcomes to oats, purified avenin and oat feeding studies were performed to examine symptoms, T-cell immunity and intestinal histology in CD.Design33 treated HLA-DQ2.5+ adult CD patients underwent single-bolus or 6-week oat avenin or 3-month whole oats ingestion. T cell activation after avenin ingestion was measured using serum interleukin 2 (IL-2), a sensitive and specific biomarker of gluten-induced T cell activation and symptoms in CD. Symptom measures, intestinal histology, and immune studies on blood and duodenum were undertaken.ResultsAmong 29 CD participants, avenin induced dose-dependent T-cell activation in 11 (38%) and acute symptoms in 17 (59%). Higher IL-2 levels correlated with more severe symptoms. A single highly symptomatic patient vomited in response to avenin (1/29; 3%) and exhibited a striking pro-inflammatory cytokine profile similar to wheat-induced responses. Avenin increased the frequency of CD38-expressing tetramer+integrin β7+ T effector memory CD4+ T cells in the blood, however symptoms, IL-2 release and tetramer frequency fell following 6-week avenin intake and no enteropathy was observed.ConclusionGluten-contamination-free oats can trigger acute dose-dependent immune and symptom responses but usually at a level insufficient to cause sustained symptoms or enteropathy. In 1 of 29 (3%) participants, oat avenin triggered a pro-inflammatory wheat-like response, highlighting that a minority of CD patients may need to exclude oats. Informed choice regarding oats ingestion in CD is important.
The existence and distribution of photon spheres near spherically symmetric black holes: a geometric analysis
Authors: Qiao Chen-Kai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Photon sphere has attracted significant attention since the capture of black hole shadow images by Event Horizon Telescope. Recently, a number of studies have highlighted that the number of photon spheres and their distributions near black holes are strongly constrained by black hole properties. Specifically, for black holes with event horizons and proper asymptotic behaviors, the number of stable and unstable photon spheres satisfies the relation

$$n_{\text {stable}} - n_{\text {unstable}} = -1.$$

n
stable

-

n
unstable

=
-
1
.

In this study, we provide a new proof on this relation using a geometric analysis, which is carried out using intrinsic curvatures in the optical geometry of black hole spacetimes. Firstly, we demonstrate the existence of photon spheres near black holes assuming most general asymptotic behaviors (asymptotically flat black holes, asymptotically de-Sitter and anti-de-Sitter black holes). Subsequently, we prove that the stable and unstable photon spheres near black holes must be one-to-one alternatively separated from each other, such that each unstable photon sphere is sandwiched between two stable photon spheres (and each stable photon sphere is sandwiched between two unstable photon spheres). Our analysis in this study is applicable to any spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes.
Bridging the Gap Between Microstructurally Resolved Computed Tomography-Based and Homogenised Doyle-Fuller-Newman Models for Lithium-Ion Batteries’
Authors: Tredenick Eloise , Boyce Adam , Wheeler Samuel , Li Juntao , Sun Yige , Drummond Ross , Duncan Stephen , Grant Patrick , Shearing Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are synonymous with the modern age of electrification, yet advances in battery design, manufacturing, and chemistry are still urgently needed. Mathematical modelling plays an important role in understanding LIB performance and can provide physics informed design directions, optimisation and explain outcomes. We present an exploration and detailed comparison of the commonly used homogenised Doyle-Fuller Newman (DFN) model and X-ray computed tomography (CT) based microstructural model for LIBs, along with experimental data. We provide insights into the relative benefits of each model and highlight why they are important to battery technology development. We compare two common cathode chemistries, lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP), and investigate discharge current density. The DFN and CT-based models show good agreement for averaged LIB metrics, such as the voltage response and active material utilisation, demonstrating that homogenised, computationally inexpensive models are an essential basis for battery design and optimisation. The CT-based microstructural model provides further insight into localised particle and electrode dynamics, considering heterogeneities that are a source of battery degradation. Qualitatively, the models also compare well with experimental secondary ion mass spectrometry mapping of the Li concentration in the active particles across the electrode thickness.&#xD;
Labels, Language, and Other Strategies to Improve Communication About Lower Grade Forms of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: A National Delphi Survey
Authors: Lyons Mavis S. , Chaput Genevieve , Finelli Antonio , Kupets Rachel , Hong Nicole Look , Wright Frances C. , Gagliardi Anna R. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study is aimed at generating consensus among women who had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and healthcare professionals on how to improve communication about low‐risk forms of DCIS and reduce affected women’s diagnosis‐related confusion and anxiety.Methods: We conducted a two‐round online Delphi survey with affected women and professionals from across Canada. They rated items sourced from prior research and key informant interviews on a 7‐point Likert scale. We retained items rated 6 or 7 by ≥ 80% of panelists.Results: Thirty‐seven panelists (17 women, 20 professionals) completed Round 1 and 94.6% of those completed Round 2. Of 42 items rated, 18 were retained, 13 discarded, and 11 did not achieve consensus to retain or discard. Women and professionals agreed on 3 language approaches (use plain language, distinguish DCIS from invasive breast cancer, specify the risk of recurrence and spread) and 9 other strategies to help discuss DCIS (e.g., use visual aids, provide or refer women to culturally tailored DCIS‐specific information, ensure physicians can access interpreters). Based on rating and comments, women were more enthusiastic than professionals about referring to abnormal cells rather than DCIS and scheduling longer or follow‐up visits to address concerns. To disseminate these findings, panelists recommended public awareness campaigns for women and continuing education and professional society endorsement for physicians.Conclusion: These findings address gaps in prior research that recommended changing the DCIS label, but had not fully explored label preferences, or identified other ways to improve and support communication about DCIS.
Unveiling precision: Eye cancer detection redefined with particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms
Authors: Narwadkar Sanved , Mehta Pradnya Samit , Patil Rutuja Rajendra , Kadam Kalyani , Bidve Vijaykumar 
Published: February 2025

<p>Eye cancer detection is rare. The study introduces a holistic swarm intelligence method for the timely identification and categorization of three significant eye disorders: glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and cataract. Glaucoma is distinguished by elevated pressure within the eye and harm to the optic nerve, potentially leading to permanent loss of vision. Diabetic patients experience diabetic retinopathy primarily due to the presence of high blood sugar levels. The early detection and classification of cataracts can be achieved by combining swarm intelligence algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithms (GA). In the case of diabetic retinopathy diagnosis, swarm intelligence is employed to optimize the parameters of deep learning models, thereby enhancing the accuracy of lesion segmentation and classification. Cataract detection used to improve the evaluation of lens opacity and cloudiness, providing a robust diagnostic mechanism. The accuracy obtained with a PSO is 85.79%, F1 score 83.45%, and recall 82.43%. The accuracy obtained with a GA is 82.10%, F1 score 81.16%, and recall 81.51%. The comparison of GA, convolution neural network, and PSO algorithms proves that the accuracy to detect the eye cancer is achieved with PSO and GA algorithm.</p>
Association of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-B alleles with inclusion body myositis risk: A systematic review, a meta-analysis, a meta-regression and a trial sequential analysis
Authors: Dhaouadi Tarak , Riahi Awatef , Ben Abdallah Taïeb , Gorgi Yousr , Sfar Imen 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Although, several studies have assessed the association of HLA Class I and II genes with inclusion body myositis (IBM), results were inconsistent and between-studies heterogeneity needs to be investigated. Objectives: The aim of this review was to summarize existing data on the contribution of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-B alleles to IBM susceptibility and to investigate the between-studies heterogeneity by subgroup analyses and meta-regressions. Design: This study was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Methods: An electronic literature search for eligible studies among all papers published prior to January 29, 2025, was conducted through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, and Scopus databases. Meta-analyses together with subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed for the two following HLA genes: HLA-DRB1 and HLA-B. Results: Combined analyses revealed a significant increase in IBM risk conferred by the HLA-DRB1*03 allele (9.21 (7.05–12.01)), the DRB*03:01 allele (8.44 (6.85–10.41)), the DRB1*01 allele (2.31 (1.82–2.93)), the DRB1*01:01 allele (2.63 (1.95–3.55)), the DRB1*15:02 allele (3.49 (2.12–5.75)), the B*08 allele (4.05 (2.58–6.38)), and the DQB1*02 allele (6.62 (4.5–9.74)), all p-values < 0.001. In addition, the DRB1*15:01 allele was found to be protective against IBM in all populations (0.48 (0.32–0.72)). Conversely, the DRB*11 allele was not associated with IBM risk, OR (95% CI) = 0.91 (0.54–1.51), p = 0.703. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that HLA-DRB1, DQB1, and B loci could play a major role in IBM pathogenesis. Registration: This review has been registered on PROSPERO on June 25, 2024: CRD42024557948, Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024557948
Psychiatrists should champion the care of those with severe mental illnesses experiencing climate change-related heat stress
Authors: Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun , Kisely Steve , Cornell Hayden , Looi Jeffrey C.L. 
Published: February 2025

Objective The Australian climate has warmed by 1.51°C since preindustrial times, and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) predicts further warming with an increased risk of extreme heat events. This article discusses how the most recent Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists’ (RANZCP) position statement dealt with the impact of climate change-related heat stress on people living with severe mental illness. Conclusions The RANZCP statement focuses on the impact of climate change on common mental disorders and suicide rates without specific mention of severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and severe major depression. However, people with severe mental illness face higher risks of morbidity and mortality in a hotter Australian climate. Based on equity for those with greater needs and higher levels of risk, we argue that psychiatrists should advocate for enhanced social and psychiatric care to improve heat-resilience amongst patients with severe mental illness. Future research is needed on the biopsychosocial mechanisms of increased heat-related morbidity and mortality for people with severe mental illness.
Exhaled breath is feasible for mild cognitive impairment detection: A diagnostic study with portable micro-gas chromatography
Authors: Lai Wanlin , Li Debo , Wang Junqi , Geng Qian , Xia Yilin , Fu Yutong , Li Wanling , Feng Yong , Jin Ling , Yang Ruiqi , Huang Zijie , Lin Yuhang , Zhang Han , Chen Sitong , Chen Lei 
Published: February 2025

Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an important prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), affecting 69 million individuals worldwide. At present, there is a lack of a community-applicable tool for MCI screening. Exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been used to distinguish MCI from cognitively normal (CN) individuals only in small sample size studies and the efficacy has not been compared with blood biomarkers. Objective This diagnostic study aimed to assess the feasibility of using exhaled breath VOCs detection by a portable micro-gas chromatography (μGC) device as a screening tool to discriminate MCI from CN individuals in a community population. Methods A detection model was developed and optimized from five distinct machine learning algorithms based on the differential VOCs between 240 MCI and 241 CN individuals. Among these 481 participants, five plasma biomarkers were measured in 397 individuals (166 MCI and 231 CN). Results The final model (481 individuals) incorporating eight differential VOCs showed good performance with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.83–0.85). The AUC of the VOC model (0.80, 95% CI: 0.69–0.90) was higher than that of the plasma model (0.77, 95% CI: 0.65–0.88) (397 individuals). Conclusions The detection of exhaled breath VOCs by a portable μGC device is feasible for MCI screening in community populations, potentially facilitating early detection and intervention strategies for individuals at high risk.
Learning curve for endoscopic submucosal dissection in early gastric neoplasm using a multibending endoscope
Authors: Lee Gil Ho , Lee Eunyoung , Lim Sun Gyo , Park Bumhee , Shin Sung Jae , Lee Kee Myung , Noh Choong-Kyun 
Published: February 2025

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a representative treatment modality for early gastric neoplasms. However, the learning curve for beginners performing ESD using a multibending endoscope has not been introduced. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the learning curves of operators undergoing intensive training using a multibending endoscope. Design: This was a retrospective single center study. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of over 1500 consecutive gastric ESDs performed by two operators using a multibending endoscope. A change-point analysis with 50 cases of moving average speeds was used to determine the new target resection speed. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis was used to identify the cases required for proficiency in ESD. Risk-adjusted CUSUM (RA-CUSUM) analysis was performed for each operator after adjusting for confounding factors influencing the resection speed. Results: In total, 1491 cases were enrolled, with early gastric cancer accounting for 43.2% ( n = 644). Overall, the en bloc resection, R0 resection, and curability rates were 97.7%, 96.0%, and 92.3%, respectively. The mean resection speed was 19.8 cm2/h. Because both operators surpassed the commonly used benchmark resection speed of 9 cm2/h in the first 50-case block, we established a new target benchmark of 17.9 cm2/h in the change-point analysis. CUSUM analysis indicated that performing 166 cases overall was required to achieve the benchmark, with the 2 operators needing 153 and 69 cases to meet this target speed after RA-CUSUM analysis. Conclusion: Using a multibending endoscope for gastric ESD can help beginners achieve safe and excellent outcomes. These findings will serve as a useful guide for beginners attempting to use a multibending endoscope.
Body Acupuncture Conjunction with Rehabilitation for Upper Limb Improves Motor Functions in Children with Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wang Hui , Du Yu , Chen Tong , Mao Zheng-huan , Xu Jia-yu , Ding Li , Ruan Wen-cong , Li Hai-feng 
Published: February 2025

Objective Aimed to investigate the effectiveness of body acupuncture on motor function of the upper limb in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) conjunction with rehabilitation program. Design The study is a randomized controlled experimental trial. Children with CP were randomly divided into the acupuncture group (body acupuncture with rehabilitation) and the rehabilitation group. The muscle volume difference between the upper limbs, the fine motor scores of the Peabody developmental motor scale-2 (PDMS-FM) and the surface electromyography (SEMG) parameter-root mean square (RMS)-on upper limb muscles (biceps brachii, radial wrist extensors and pronator teres) of both groups were measured before and after a 12-week treatment. Results 37 children completed the study. In the two groups, differences in muscle volume, PDMS-FM scores and RMS values (biceps brachii, radial wrist extensors and pronator teres) were significantly improved, except PDMS-FM score difference and difference of RMS values (biceps brachii, radial wrist extensors and pronator teres) between the upper limbs in the rehabilitation group. Comparison post-treatment/pre-treatment change for two groups showed significant difference in affected upper limb PDMS-FM total score, PDMS-FM score difference between the upper limbs, affected upper limb RMS values and RMS value difference between the upper limbs in favor of the acupuncture group. Conclusion Our preliminary research indicates that body acupuncture therapy combined with rehabilitation may be more effective than rehabilitation alone, further improving muscle strength of affected upper limb and possibility of bimanual coordination in children with spastic hemiplegic CP.