bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybridität als Motor und als Ergebnis von Sprachwandel
Authors: Földes Csaba 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with constellations in which, as consequences of linguistic interculturality, elements of two or more languages encounter each other and result in something partially or completely new, an – occasionally temporary – “third quality”, namely hybridity. The paper contributes to the meta-discourse and theory formation by questioning the concept, term and content of “linguistic hybridity”. It also submits a proposal for a typology of linguistic-communicative hybridity that consists of the following prototypical main groups, each with several subtypes: (1) language-cultural, (2) semiotic, (3) medial, (4) communicative, (5) systematic, (6) paraverbal and (7) nonverbal hybridity. At last, the paper examines hybridity as an explanatory variable for language change. In conclusion, hybridity is generally a place of cultural production, with special regard to communication and language it is potentially considered as an incubator of linguistic innovation. Hybridity can be seen as the engine and as the result of language change, or language development. It represents an essential factor by which language functions and develops as a complex adaptive system. Hybridity operates as a continuous cycle. By generating innovation, it triggers language change, which in turn, leads to further and new hybridizations. The processuality of hybridity creates diversity, while at the same time it can cause the vanishing of diversity.
The prevalence of weight-control behaviors and associated factors among adolescent girls in Tehran
Authors: Hoseini-Esfidarjani Sara-Sadat , Negarandeh Reza , Janani Leila 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Weight control behavior is a strategy for weight loss or weight gains that range from healthy to unhealthy. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of weight control behaviors and their related factors in adolescent girls in Tehran.

Methods
Adolescent girls in the last grade of high school (n=491) that were selected by a multi-stage sampling method completed a cross-sectional survey (2018) in Tehran city in Iran. Data were collected using questionnaires (standard and researcher-made) by the self-report method and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square, independent t-test, and logistic regression.

Results
17.5% of adolescents had healthy, 60.6% had unhealthy, 15.8% had extreme unhealthy weight control behaviors, and 6.1% had no weight control behaviors. 74.8% of adolescents were in the normal body mass index (BMI) percentile. Unhealthy weight control behaviors were observed more than healthy behaviors at all BMI levels. Weight control behaviors had significant relationships with weight control intention (p=0.005), family (p=0.016) and peers (p=0.011) encouragement to weight control, engagement of relatives in weight control behaviors (p=0.016), anxiety (p<0.001), and age (p=0.030). BMI has a positive correlation with body weight satisfaction (p<0.001) and body weight perception (p<0.001). The results of logistic regression showed that increasing anxiety score can increase the possibility of engaging in unhealthy weight control behaviors (odd ratio=1.086, p=0.006).

Conclusions
Considering that a significant percentage of adolescents have unhealthy and extreme unhealthy weight control behaviors, and some of these behaviors leave irreversible effects on the health of this age group, design, and implementation of educational programs to prevent such behaviors seem imperative.
Design improvement to reduce noise effect in CDMA multiple access optical systems based on new (2-D) code using spectral/spatial half-matrix technique
Authors: Alayedi Mohanad , Cherifi Abdelhamid , Hamida Abdelhak Ferhat , Rahmani Mohamed , Attalah Yousef , Bouazza Boubakar S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents for non-coherent Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems a new optical code namely Two-Dimensional Half Spectral/Spatial Zero Cross Correlation (2D-HSSZCC) code based on a One-Dimensional Zero Cross Correlation (1D-ZCC) code already developed using block matrices characterized by a high capacity. The results of simulation show that the use of the new (2D-HSSZCC) code eliminates totally the Multiple Access Interferences (MAI) due to the zero cross correlation flexibility, and less complexity of the code construction which produces a very low bit error rate of closely (4×10−18) at 1 Gbps for four users with a low power source of −12.60 dBm to reach a high data rate and high number of simultaneous users upper to closely 149, save an effective power around −1.35 dBm, −3.3d Bm compared between those provides by (Two-Dimensional dynamic cyclic shift (2D-DCS) code and Two-Dimensional Dimensional Diluted Perfect Difference (2D-DPD) and (1D-ZCC) code, and increase the cardinality percentage upper to 1.58, 2.19, 2.33 and 3.9 times comparing to (2D-DCS) code, 2D-DPD code, 1D-ZCC code and Two-Dimensional Flexible Cross Corelation/Modified Double Weight (2D-FCC/MDW) code. On the other hand, 2D-HSSZCC code is comparied with other codes which has it same property namely Two-Dimensional zero cross correlation/multi diagonal (2D-ZCC/MD) and (2D-MD) codes where the increased percentage in system capacity was 1.38 and 1.05 times, respectively. Finally, the results obtained in part 1 (with Matlab software) were confirmed and validated with the Optisystem software, the proposed system gave a better BER minimum value around 10−21 and a maximum value of the Q factor of around 9.4 at 622 Mbps of data rate when the number of simultaneous users increases.
Crystal structure of poly[bis(μ2-1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene-κ2
N:N′)-(μ2-tetraoxidomolybdato(VI)-κ2
O:O′)cobalt(II)], C24H20N8O4MoCo
Authors: Zhou Cheng-Yong , Du Yu-Jie , Su Feng , Zhang Bao-Xiu , Li Shao-Dong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
C24H20N8O4MoCo, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 19.3535(7) Å, b = 10.0870(4) Å, c = 12.4174(5) Å, β = 97.3700(10)°, V = 2404.08(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0218, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0577, T = 298(2) K.
Embodied, Relational, Desiring, Vulnerable – Reconsidering Imago Dei
Authors: Henriksen Jan-Olav 
Published: September 2020

SummaryGod is always experienced in the mode of representations. The fundamental representation of God is Jesus Christ, the true image of God. In order to specify this designation further, with reference to all of humanity, it is suggested that the basic features of such representation can be identified in the features of desire and vulnerability, as manifestations of interconnectedness and dependence. These features are not only expressing themselves as that with which humans need to come to terms, but they also manifest the deeply relational character of humanity and its internal connection to goodness. They also make it possible to specify further how God and the human being are intrinsically connected, and make it possible to see why love is so important in the realization ofimago Dei: It is love that secures that both desire and vulnerability can contribute to human flourishing, and thus precludes sin from manifesting itself.
Christian Ethics, Lutheran Tradition, and Pluralistic Society
Authors: Bach Nikolajsen Jeppe 
Published: September 2020

Summary
In the Lutheran tradition, the particular aspects of theological ethics have often been overlooked, if not outright denied. Thus, it is not uncommon for Lutheran theologians to emphasize the universal aspects of theological ethics and to downplay its particular aspects, even to the point of arguing that a Christian ethics does not exist. Against this background, the article gives several arguments for drawing Lutheran ethics in a direction that will allow its particular aspects to be more clearly articulated. It also presents certain features of Luther’s ethical position that might foster an understanding of the particular aspects of Lutheran ethics. Building on this, the article points to a contemporary Lutheran position of relevance to a pluralistic society.
Theology and Philosophy of Religion in Richard Wagner’s Parsifal
Authors: Ter Ern Loke Andrew 
Published: September 2020

Summary
The interpretation of Richard Wagner’s music drama Parsifal has been one of the most philosophically and theologically controversial. Over the years various interpretations have been given, among them Buddhist, Schopenhauer-ian, anti-semite, and Christian. In this paper, I argue that this music drama is fundamentally a Christian work. I begin by discussing some methodological and background historical issues. I consider difficulties concerning bias in interpretation and the complicated intellectual life of Wagner, and propose to overcome these difficulties by testing various interpretations by their consistency with various parts of the music drama, and to interpret the statements of this music drama within that context. I then argue that Parsifal reflects the soteriological concepts of sola gratia, sola fide and solus Christus that are unique to Christianity but inconsistent with other interpretations. Finally, I address various objections to my Christian interpretation.
The Evolution of the Funny: American Folk Humor and Gimbel’s Cleverness Theory
Authors: Sills Liz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn 2017, Steven Gimbel publishedIsn’t That Clever: A Philosophical Account of Humor and Comedy.This book proposes, among other vastly interesting notions, a definition of humor that eschews audience reactions in favor of focusing exclusively on the craft and intention of the responsible comedian. This article intends to provoke that definition and show why humorous performances cannot be crafted without an audience-centric mindset, proving Gimbel’s notion problematic at best. To poke this definition, I draw on the American Folk Humor tradition and compare its historic roots with modern tourist attractions that on the surface appear to channel its spirit. These include the Hoop-Dee-Doo Revue dinner show at Walt Disney World and The Brewery Follies at Virginia City, Montana. After showcasing the differences between these modern performances and the tradition they pretend to espouse, I conclude that Gimbel’s theory cannot account for the evolution of a funny genre.
Oblique anticausatives: A morphosyntactic isogloss in Indo-European
Authors: Barđdal Jóhanna , Kulikov Leonid , Pooth Roland , Kerkhof Peter Alexander 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe goal of this article is to introduce to the field a particular subtype of valency-reducing strategies, referred to asoblique anticausativizationbelow. This subtype differs from more common and better known dependent-marking types, such as, for instance, the canonical anticausative. Instead, oblique anticausatives are characterized by the preservation of the object case of the transitive-causative alternant, hence the termoblique. This object case marker shows up with the subject of the corresponding intransitive construction. We document the existence of this alternation in seven branches of Indo-European, particularly in the North-Central region, but also sporadically in the South-Eastern parts of the Indo-European area. Ruling out alternative accounts of the relevant geographical distribution, such as borrowing and shared innovation, we argue for a morphosyntactic isogloss common for Germanic, Baltic, Slavic and Italic. This is paralleled by isolated enclaves found in other branches of Indo-European, such as Ancient Greek, Anatolian and Indo-Aryan. Altogether, the evidence speaks for the existence of oblique anticausativization in the proto-language, thus motivating a reconstruction of this alternation for the grammar of Proto-Indo-European.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and electric shocks: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jalilian Hamed , Najafi Kamran , Khosravi Yahya , Röösli Martin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and electric shocks occurs in many workplaces and occupations but it is unclear whether any of these exposures cause Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore whether occupational exposure to ELF-MF and/or electric shocks are risk factor for ALS. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to the end of 2019. Pooled risk estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis including exploration of the sources of heterogeneity between studies and publication bias. Twenty-seven publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We found a weak, significant, association between occupational exposure to ELF-MF and the risk of ALS (RRPooled estimate: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.38) with moderate to high heterogeneity (I2=66.3%) and indication of publication bias (PEgger’s test=0.03). No association was observed between occupational exposure to electric shocks and risk of ALS (RRPooled estimate: 0.97; 95%CI: 0.80, 1.17) with high heterogeneity (I2=80.5%), and little indication for publication bias (PEgger’s test=0.24). The findings indicate that occupational exposure to ELF-MF, but not electric shocks, might be a risk factor for ALS. However, given the moderate to high heterogeneity and potential publication bias, the results should be interpreted with caution.
The Economic Position of Households in Serbia during the post-2000 Capitalist Consolidation
Authors: Manić Željka , Mirkov Anđelka 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe authors analyse the economic position of households in Serbia during the recent social transition towards a consolidated capitalist society. Of central importance here is a determination of the overall population’s economic position, with emphasis on the changes during the gradual consolidation of the capitalist order. The study is based on the analysis of statewide representative samples from three comparable research surveys conducted by the Institute for Sociological Research of the University of Belgrade – Faculty of Philosophy in 2003, 2012, and 2018. The analysis yielded results indicating that the economic position of households in Serbia, despite improvement during a recent period of capitalist consolidation (2018) when compared to an earlier period marked by a cyclical economic crisis (2012), is still lower than it had been during the first years of the country’s accelerated postsocialist transformation (2003).
Pressure induced nodal line semimetal in YH3
Authors: Liu Fei-Hu , Wu Li-Na , Deng Ying-Hua , Fu Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The electronic structure of yttrium trihydride (YH3) under pressure has been explored by using the first-principle calculation. The existence of semiconductor phase of YH3 is predicted at low pressure with symmetry group

p

3
¯

c
1

$p\overline{3}c1$

(165). In the range of 10–24 GPa, electron- and hole-like bands near the Fermi level are overlapped and form a snake-like nodal ring around Γ point. Different from previous literature (D. Shao, T. Chen, Q. Gu, et al., “Nonsymmorphic symmetry protected node-line semimetal in the trigonal YH3,” Sci. Rep., vol. 8, 2018.; J. Wang, Y. Liu, K.-H. Jin, et al., Phys. Rev. B, vol. 98, p. 201112, 2018), which assumes the band degeneracy is protected by mirror symmetry, we argue that the nodal line is protected by the space inversion symmetry and the time reversal symmetry. For weak spin-orbital coupling (SOC), the fermion modes at the band crossings are real 3D Majorana fermions. This is a typical double charged nodal-line semimetal, meaning that there are two topological invariants of this nodal line: a 1D Berry’s phase and a Z
2 monopole charge, which are related to the first and the second Stiefel-Whitney classes of the Berry bundle and can be given by the first-principle calculation. It turns out that the 1D Berry’s phase is nontrivial, but the Z
2 monopole charge is trivial. Therefore, this nodal line can shrink to a point and gapped out without breaking the topological constraints.
Dopaminergic Modulation of Human Intertemporal Choice: A Diffusion Model Analysis Using the D2-Receptor Antagonist Haloperidol
Authors: Wagner Ben , Clos Mareike , Sommer Tobias , Peters Jan 
Published: September 2020

The neurotransmitter dopamine is implicated in diverse functions, including reward processing, reinforcement learning, and cognitive control. The tendency to discount future rewards over time has long been discussed in the context of potential dopaminergic modulation. Here we examined the effect of a single dose of the D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol (2 mg) on temporal discounting in healthy female and male human participants. Our approach extends previous pharmacological studies in two ways. First, we applied combined temporal discounting drift diffusion models to examine choice dynamics. Second, we examined dopaminergic modulation of reward magnitude effects on temporal discounting. Hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation revealed that the data were best accounted for by a temporal discounting drift diffusion model with nonlinear trialwise drift rate scaling. This model showed good parameter recovery, and posterior predictive checks revealed that it accurately reproduced the relationship between decision conflict and response times in individual participants. We observed reduced temporal discounting and substantially faster nondecision times under haloperidol compared with placebo. Discounting was steeper for low versus high reward magnitudes, but this effect was largely unaffected by haloperidol. Results were corroborated by model-free analyses and modeling via more standard approaches. We previously reported elevated caudate activation under haloperidol in this sample of participants, supporting the idea that haloperidol elevated dopamine neurotransmission (e.g., by blocking inhibitory feedback via presynaptic D2 auto-receptors). The present results reveal that this is associated with an augmentation of both lower-level (nondecision time) and higher-level (temporal discounting) components of the decision process.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDopamine is implicated in reward processing, reinforcement learning, and cognitive control. Here we examined the effects of a single dose of the D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol on temporal discounting and choice dynamics during the decision process. We extend previous studies by applying computational modeling using the drift diffusion model, which revealed that haloperidol reduced the nondecision time and reduced impulsive choice compared with placebo. These findings are compatible with a haloperidol-induced increase in striatal dopamine (e.g., because of a presynaptic mechanism). Our data provide novel insights into the contributions of dopamine to value-based decision-making and highlight how comprehensive model-based analyses using sequential sampling models can inform the effects of pharmacological modulation on choice processes.
Persistent Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A 6-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Kaelber David C. , Localio A. Russell , Ross Michelle , Leon Janeen B. , Pace Wilson D. , Wasserman Richard C. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Steffes Jennifer , Fiks Alexander G. 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES:To determine the natural history of pediatric hypertension.METHODS:We conducted a 72-month retrospective cohort study among 165 primary care sites. Blood pressure measurements from two consecutive 36 month periods were compared.RESULTS:Among 398 079 primary care pediatric patients ages 3 to 18, 89 347 had ≥3 blood pressure levels recorded during a 36-month period, and 43 825 children had ≥3 blood pressure levels for 2 consecutive 36-month periods. Among these 43 825 children, 4.3% (1881) met criteria for hypertension (3.5% [1515] stage 1, 0.8% [366] stage 2) and 4.9% (2144) met criteria for elevated blood pressure in the first 36 months. During the second 36 months, 50% (933) of hypertensive patients had no abnormal blood pressure levels, 22% (406) had elevated blood pressure levels or &lt;3 hypertensive blood pressure levels, and 29% (542) had ≥3 hypertensive blood pressure levels. Of 2144 patients with elevated blood pressure in the first 36 months, 70% (1492) had no abnormal blood pressure levels, 18% (378) had persistent elevated blood pressure levels, and 13% (274) developed hypertension in the second 36-months. Among the 7775 patients with abnormal blood pressure levels in the first 36-months, only 52% (4025) had ≥3 blood pressure levels recorded during the second 36-months.CONCLUSIONS:In a primary care cohort, most children initially meeting criteria for hypertension or elevated blood pressure had subsequent normal blood pressure levels or did not receive recommended follow-up measurements. These results highlight the need for more nuanced initial blood pressure assessment and systems to promote follow-up of abnormal results.
Kant&apos;s &quot;Idea [project] of Transcendental Philosophy&quot;
Authors: Katrechko Sergey 
Published: September 2020

At the present time, there are several interpretations and modes of Kant’s transcendental philosophy (TP). Which of these interpretations and modes of transcendentalism most adequately express the spirit of TP, i.e. can claim the title of the transcendental ones? For the explication of the ‘idea of transcendental philosophy’ [KrV, A1], here I distinguish two transcendental shifts: methodological and metaphysical ones, which in their totality predetermine the essence and set the specificity of Kant’s transcendental idealism. The methodological transcendental shift that Kant postulates in his definitions of TP in the Critique of Pure Reason [KrV, A11; B25] represents a shift from studying of objects to the analysis and justification of our mode of cognition of objects. This shift sets a fairly wide range of a la Kantian a priori doctrines and predetermines the transcendental turn (Re–Transcendentalising) of modern philosophy. The metaphysical transcendental shift that can be correlated with “the altered method of our way of thinking [in metaphysics]” [KrV, BXVIII], is associated with the splitting of the “thing” into the actual object (or Kantian thing-in-itself) and object of experience (or Kantian appearance), and involves a transition from the study of thing-in-itself to the analysis of the appearance. More precisely, this shift finds its expression in the transcendental triad “object (thing-in-itself; Ding an sich) – appearance (Erscheinung) – representation (Vorstellung)”, which determines the ‘idea’ (essence) of transcendental idealism/metaphysics.