bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Glasdegib in Participants With Moderate/Severe Hepatic Impairment: A Phase I, Single‐Dose, Matched Case‐Control Study
Authors: Masters Joanna C. , LaBadie Robert R. , Salageanu Joanne , Li Jerry , Shaik Naveed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis phase I open‐label trial (NCT03627754) assessed glasdegib pharmacokinetics and safety in otherwise healthy participants with moderate (Child‐Pugh B) or severe (Child‐Pugh C) hepatic impairment. Participants with hepatic impairment and age/weight‐matched controls with normal hepatic function received a single oral 100‐mg glasdegib dose under fasted conditions. The primary end points were area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUCinf) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). Twenty‐four participants (8/cohort) were enrolled. Glasdegib plasma exposures in moderate hepatic impairment were similar to controls, with adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of 110.8% (90% confidence interval [CI], 78.0–157.3) for AUCinf and 94.8% (69.9–128.4) for Cmax versus controls. In severe hepatic impairment, glasdegib plasma exposures were lower than controls (AUCinf GMR, 75.7%; 90%CI, 51.5–111.0; Cmax GMR, 58.0%; 90%CI, 37.8–89.0). Unbound glasdegib exposures were similar to controls for moderate (AUCinf,u GMR, 118.1%; 90%CI, 88.7–157.2; Cmax,u GMR, 101.1%; 90%CI, 78.4–130.3) and severe hepatic impairment (AUCinf,u GMR, 116.3%; 90%CI 81.8–165.5; Cmax,u GMR, 89.2%, 90%CI, 60.2–132.3). No treatment‐related adverse events or clinically significant changes in laboratory values, vital signs, or electrocardiograms were observed. Together with previous findings, this suggests glasdegib dose modifications are not required based on hepatic impairment.
Principal component analysis, hidden Markov model, and artificial neural network inspired techniques to recognize faces
Authors: Aggarwal Akarsh , Alshehri Mohammed , Kumar Manoj , Sharma Purushottam , Alfarraj Osama , Deep Vikas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFace Recognition is a challenging task for recognizing and detecting the identity of an individual. Although, plethora of work has already been done in the field of pattern recognition still there has been lot which has not been addressed in any of the literature. In the current research, we have presented a comparative analysis using three popularly known techniques for face recognition namely, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) using Eigen Faces, Hidden Markov Model (HMM) using Singular Value Decomposition, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using Gabor filters. These techniques are implemented and evaluated using various measuring metrics such as false acceptance, false recognition rate, and so on. We used ORL and Yale Face dataset to test the robustness of implemented algorithms. Results show that ANN model for face recognition outperforms the other two techniques by achieving more accurate results and shows the highest recognition rate of 97.49% on ORL database. Moreover, it is also observed that ANN model shows the minimum error count of about 2.502% on ORL database while it is 3.5% on Yale Face dataset. To evaluate further, the implemented techniques are compared with best known techniques in class implemented by various researchers.
An integrated product modularity method based on transfer network of failure mode‐recycling decision for remanufacturing
Authors: Cheng Xianfu , You Minhua , Zhou Jian , Yuan Tian , Guo Zhihu , Ma Xiaotian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe product modularity has an important influence on the whole product life cycle. In order to improve product recovery of a used product at the end‐of‐life stage, it is imperative to develop modular product architecture with remanufacturing strategies consideration. In this paper, an integrated modular design method for green remanufacturing considering hierarchical structure of the product and fuzzy logic is proposed, and the modularity of the architecture from the viewpoint of product remanufacturing is assessed. The transfer network of failure mode‐recycling decision using BP neural network optimized by adaptive genetic algorithm is built. Design structure matrix is employed to represent the relationships between components, and the hierarchical structure of product modularity with functionality, physical connection as well as geometric position is constructed. The failure modes of used components are analyzed, and four modular drivers with remanufacturing strategies consideration, namely, recycling mode, component lifetime, material compatibility, and remanufacturing processability, are introduced to reconstruct the modular product architecture for remanufacturing. Finally, an example on the grab is provided to illustrate the proposed method for product modularity taking into account function, structure as well as remanufacturing characteristics.
Twist‐Bend Nematic Glasses: The Synthesis and Characterisation of Pyrene‐based Nonsymmetric Dimers
Authors: Walker Rebecca , Majewska Magdalena , Pociecha Damian , Makal Anna , Storey John MD , Gorecka Ewa , Imrie Corrie T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA selection of pyrene‐based liquid crystal dimers have been prepared, containing either methylene‐ether or diether linked spacers of varying length and parity. All the diether linked materials, CBOnO.Py (n=5, 6, 11, 12), exhibit conventional nematic and smectic A phases, with the exception of CBO11O.Py which is exclusively nematic. The methylene‐ether linked dimer, CBnO.Py, with an even‐membered spacer (n=5) was solely nematogenic, but odd‐members (n=6, 8, 10) exhibited both nematic and twist‐bend nematic phases. Replacement of the cyanobiphenyl fragment by cyanoterphenyl giving CT6O.Py, gave elevated melting and nematic‐isotropic transition temperatures, and SmA and SmCA phases were observed on cooling the nematic phase. Intermolecular face‐to‐face associations of the pyrene moieties drive glass formation, and all these materials have a glass transition temperature at or above room temperature. The stability of the glassy twist‐bend nematic phase allowed for its study using AFM, and the helical pitch length, PTB, was measured as 6.3 and 6.7 nm for CB6O.Py and CB8O.Py, respectively. These values are comparable to the shortest pitch of a twist‐bend nematic phase measured to date.
Breeding strategies in evaluation of forage barley
Authors: Juskiw Patricia , Baron Vern S. , Doce Raquel , Nyachiro Joseph , Swift Mary Lou , Oba Masahito 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProducers on the Canadian Prairies grow barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a forage crop for ruminants, especially cattle. The purpose of our study was to determine methods to improve our selection of barley lines with superior forage value for ruminants. Data from the Western Cooperative Forage Barley Registration Test were used with permission of the Prairie Recommending Committee for Oat and Barley (PRCOB) and the breeders. Data were analyzed from 20 environments collected from 3 yr (2012–2014) and seven sites. We measured forage accumulation (FA) at the soft dough stage, five nutritive value traits, and three derived cow–calf variables. Although the variation in FA and forage nutritive value traits attributed to environment (E) was large, significant genotypic (G) effects were found for all traits measured. Whereas G× E effects were also significant, the mean square effect for G was up to 40 times higher than the mean squares for G×E. The proportion of variance attributed to G was greater for nutritive value traits than for FA. Significance of G means there was variability in the germplasm tested, and improvement through selection should be possible. The two parametric methods of stability analyses (Francis–Kannenberg method and Eberhart–Russell method) often identified the same lines as superior. Lines that were superior for FA and carrying capacity (cow on swath grazing, CC) were often different from those identified as superior for nutritive value, empty body weight gain (cow, EBWG) and average daily gain (backgrounding calf, ADG). A nonparametric method used to determine dynamic stability (Nassar–Hühn method) identified different lines as superior from the parametric methods. Breeders can use a combination of these selection criteria in breeding forage barley varieties with enhanced forage value for ruminants.
More Than Just a Reagent: The Rise of Renewable Organohydrides for Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ghosh Debashis , Kumar George Rajendra , Subramanian Saravanan , Tanaka Koji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStoichiometric carbon dioxide reduction to highly reduced C1 molecules, such as formic acid (2e−), formaldehyde (4e−), methanol (6e−) or even most‐reduced methane (8e−), has been successfully achieved by using organosilanes, organoboranes, and frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) in the presence of suitable catalyst. The development of renewable organohydride compounds could be the best alternative in this regard as they have shown promise for the transfer of hydride directly to CO2. Reduction of CO2 by two electrons and two protons to afford formic acid by using renewable organohydride molecules has recently been investigated by various groups. However, catalytic CO2 reduction to ≥2e−‐reduced products by using renewable organohydride‐based molecules has rarely been explored. This Minireview summarizes important findings in this regard, encompassing both stoichiometric and catalytic CO2 reduction.
Synthesis of ethyl acetate from glucose by Kluyveromyces marxianus, Cyberlindnera jadinii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus depending on the induction mode
Authors: Hoffmann Andreas , Kupsch Christian , Walther Thomas , Löser Christian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEthyl acetate is currently produced from fossil carbon resources. This ester could also be microbially synthesized from sugar‐rich wastes of the food industry. Wild‐type strains with GRAS status are preferred for such applications. Production of ethyl acetate by wild‐type yeasts has been repeatedly reported, but comparative studies with several strains at various induction modes are largely missing. Here, synthesis of ethyl acetate by three yeasts with GRAS status, Kluyveromyces marxianus DSM 5422, Cyberlindnera jadinii DSM 2361 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus DSM 6766, was studied under identical and well‐defined conditions in an aerated bioreactor, by inducing the ester synthesis via iron or oxygen limitation. Balancing the ester synthesis was based on measured concentrations of ethyl acetate in the exhaust gas, delivering masses of synthesized ester and synthesis rates in a high temporal resolution. All tested yeasts synthesized ethyl acetate under these conditions, but the intensity varied with the strain and induction mode. The highest yields were achieved under iron limitation with K. marxianus (0.182 g g–1) and under oxygen limitation with W. anomalus (0.053 g g–1). Iron limitation proved to be the better inducer for ester synthesis while oxygen limitation favored ethanol formation. K. marxianus DSM 5422 was the most potent producer of ethyl acetate exhibiting the highest biomass‐specific synthesis rate of 0.5 g g–1h–1 under moderate iron limitation.
Sister chromatid cohesion defects are associated with chromosomal copy number heterogeneity in high hyperdiploid childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Moura‐Castro Larissa H. , Peña‐Martínez Pablo , Castor Anders , Galeev Roman , Larsson Jonas , Järås Marcus , Yang Minjun , Paulsson Kajsa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common malignancies in children. The main driver event of this disease is a nonrandom aneuploidy consisting of gains of whole chromosomes but without overt evidence of chromosomal instability (CIN). Here, we investigated the frequency and severity of defective sister chromatid cohesion—a phenomenon related to CIN—in primary pediatric ALL. We found that a large proportion (86%) of hyperdiploid cases displayed aberrant cohesion, frequently severe, to compare with 49% of ETV6/RUNX1‐positive ALL, which mostly displayed mild defects. In hyperdiploid ALL, cohesion defects were associated with increased chromosomal copy number heterogeneity, which could indicate increased CIN. Furthermore, cohesion defects correlated with RAD21 and NCAPG mRNA expression, suggesting a link to reduced cohesin and condensin levels in hyperdiploid ALL. Knockdown of RAD21 in an ALL cell line led to sister chromatid cohesion defects, aberrant mitoses, and increased heterogeneity in chromosomal copy numbers, similar to what was seen in primary hyperdiploid ALL. In summary, our study shows that aberrant sister chromatid cohesion is frequent but heterogeneous in pediatric high hyperdiploid ALL, ranging from mild to very severe defects, and possibly due to low cohesin or condensin levels. Cases with high levels of aberrant chromosome cohesion displayed increased chromosomal copy number heterogeneity, possibly indicative of increased CIN. These abnormalities may play a role in the clonal evolution of hyperdiploid pediatric ALL.
‘I just take them because I know the people that give them to me’: A theory‐informed interview study of community‐dwelling people with dementia and carers' perspectives of medicines management
Authors: Barry Heather E. , McGrattan Máiréad , Ryan Cristín , Passmore A. Peter , Robinson A. Louise , Molloy Gerard J. , Darcy Carmel M. , Buchanan Hilary , Hughes Carmel M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveIdentify facilitators and barriers to successful medicines management for people with dementia (PwD) in primary care from the perspectives of community‐dwelling PwD and carers.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews conducted with PwD and carers in Northern Ireland. The 14‐domain Theoretical Domains Framework guided data collection and analysis. Interviews explored participants' experiences and perceptions of medicines management. PwD also completed the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire indicating their level of agreement with statements about medicines. Qualitative data were analysed using the framework method and content analysis. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively.ResultsEighteen PwD and 15 carers were interviewed. PwD believed they were competent with medicines management (‘beliefs about capabilities’). Most PwD reported having strategies to prompt them to take their medicines (‘memory, attention and decision processes’). Carers played an important role in supporting PwD with medicines management (‘social influences’) and monitoring adherence (‘behavioural regulation’) and anticipated having to take on a greater role as patients' cognitive impairment worsened (‘beliefs about consequences’). Participants highlighted assistance provided by community pharmacies with medicines acquisition and delivery (‘environmental context and resources’) and placed great trust in primary healthcare professionals (‘social influences’). PwD had positive attitudes towards medication and believed strongly in the necessity of their medicines.ConclusionsThis is the first study to use a theoretical approach to explore medicines management for community‐dwelling PwD. The findings provide new insights into the critical role of carers in facilitating optimal medicines management and will inform future intervention development, in which carers' needs assessment and involvement will be key.
Effect of leaf distribution pattern on the interception storage capacity of leaf litter under simulated rainfall conditions
Authors: Li Kaifeng , Zhao Longshan , Hou Rui , Fang Qian , Fan Chunhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRainwater interception by leaf litter is an important part of forest hydrological processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the interception storage capacity (ISC) of woodland leaf litter for three leaf distribution patterns, one flow path, two flow paths, and three flow paths, manually simulated via one‐by‐one leaf connection in the top leaf litter layer. A random pattern served as the control. Three different slopes (0°, 5° and 25°, representing flat, gentle and steep slopes, respectively) and two contrasting leaf litters (needle‐leaf litter, represented by P. massoniana leaves, and broad‐leaf litter, represented by C. camphora leaves) with a biomass of 0.5 kg/m2 per unit area were applied, at a rainfall intensity of 50 mm/h. Results suggested that leaf distribution pattern greatly impacts litter drainage and hence affects leaf litter ISC. The delaying capacity of litter drainage initiation and ISC of broad‐leaf litter were higher than those of needle‐leaf litter under the same slope conditions. The maximum ISC (Cmax) and minimum ISC (Cmin) of leaf litter at flat and gentle slopes were higher than those at steep slope. Cmin of the broad‐leaf litter was two times higher than that of needle‐leaf litter on average. When raindrops reached the litter layer, some were temporarily intercepted by the top litter layer while others infiltrated leaf litter sublayer along leaf edges, and in the process, some rainwater flowed through litter layer and contributed to lateral litter drainage along the potential flow path formed by leaves. The lateral litter drainage of broad‐leaf litter was higher than that of needle‐leaf litter, and the partitioning of rainwater into lateral litter drainage increased with increases in slope. The difference in leaf litter Cmax among different slopes and leaf shapes decreased with flow path increasing. Therefore, leaf distribution pattern notably impact leaf litter ISC, which is similar to leaf shape and slope impacts. On inclined slopes, avoiding leaf accumulation to form flow path is helpful for improving ISC.
How do bidirectional migration and multinational business networks affect Japanese international royalty and license revenues?
Authors: Tomohara Akinori 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study uses bilateral data on Japan and OECD member countries to examine whether migration networks and multinational business networks promote intellectual property trade. The dynamic panel data analyses are distinct in that they comprehensively examine various network effects by integrating two branches of globalization topics: trade–migration relationships and trade–foreign direct investment (FDI) relationships. The results show that international royalty and license revenues are positively related with immigrants residing in Japan, but that networks created through Japanese emigrants, FDI inflows to Japan and Japanese direct investment abroad do not display significant relationships. The results imply that either some network effects do not exist, or that they do exist but are offset by other effects.
Thermal sensitivity of Bullfrog's immune response kept at different temperatures
Authors: Lima Alan S. , Ferreira Letícia de F. , Silva Diego P. , Gomes Fernando R. , Titon Stefanny C. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClimate change and emerging infectious diseases are often described as the main factors associated with the worldwide amphibian population decline. In this context, rising temperatures due to global warming might act as a chronic stressor for many amphibians, leading to immunosuppression. This study aimed to characterize the thermal sensitivity of the Bullfrog's (Lithobates catesbeianus) immune response and the effect of acclimation at different temperatures on it. Plasma bacterial killing ability (BKA) and phagocytosis activity of blood leukocytes were measured at different incubation temperatures (5–40°C) in individuals kept at 28°C and 34°C. First, all individuals were held under 28°C and sampled on the 16th day. Subsequently, one group was kept at 28°, and the other one was transferred to 34°C. Both groups were sampled at 83 and 106 days of maintenance. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) and testosterone (T) were assessed to evidence thermal stress and possible endocrine correlates of immune changes over time. The incubation temperature affected BKA both on animals kept at 28°C and 34°C, with maximum values at lower temperatures (5–20°C). Phagocytosis activity was constant over the range of assay temperatures. Immune and endocrine variables decreased over time in both thermal regimes, but frogs maintained at 34°C showed lower T and immunosuppression, evidencing stress response. Therefore, exposure to high temperatures might decrease immune function in bullfrogs due to chronic stress response and by exposition to temperatures of lower performance according to the thermal sensitivity curve, which might increase vulnerability to diseases in this anuran species.
A variable time‐step method for a space fractional diffusion moving boundary problem: An application to planar drug release devices
Authors: Garshasbi Morteza , Sanaei Forough 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we consider an anomalous diffusion model in a planar polymeric matrix as a space fractional diffusion problem with moving boundary conditions. An iterative implicit finite difference method with variable time‐steps is established to solve the proposed problem. The stability and consistency of the numerical method are proved and the estimation of the numerical error is conducted. The numerical results are compared with the scale‐invariant and homotopy perturbation solutions when the diffusion coefficient is a constant. Furthermore, the numerical results for a test case with time‐dependent diffusion coefficient are reported.
Sub‐10‐fs Timing for Ultrafast Electron Diffraction with THz‐Driven Streak Camera
Authors: Shin Junho , Kim Hyun Woo , Baek In Hyung , Park Sunjeong , Bark Hyeon Sang , Oang Key Young , Jang Kyu‐Ha , Lee Kitae , Rotermund Fabian , Jeong Young Uk , Kim Jungwon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUltrafast electron diffraction (UED) has evolved to be a powerful tool for the study of structural dynamics with subpicosecond temporal resolution and subatomic spatial resolution. Recently, there have been intense research efforts toward femtosecond timing jitter and stability for improving the temporal resolution of UEDs, however, so far there has been no work showing long‐term (e.g., >1 h) stable timing for MeV‐level UED systems. In this article, a comprehensive timing synchronization method, based on optical‐radiofrequency synchronization and THz streaking, is demonstrated to maintain sub‐10‐fs long‐term timing stability for radiofrequency‐gun‐based MeV‐level UED, which results in 5.5 fs root‐mean‐square timing drift maintained over 4600 s. With high electron energy and low timing drift, the demonstrated capability is an important step toward studying ultrafast phenomena in samples with low scattering power, such as volatile gases and 2D materials.