bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
iCoverT: A rich data source on the incidence of child maltreatment over time in England and Wales
Authors: Degli Esposti Michelle , Humphreys David K , Bowes Lucy 
Published: November 2019

Background Child maltreatment is a major public health problem affecting one quarter of children in England and Wales. Good epidemiological data are needed to establish how many and which children are most at risk, and to evaluate the impact of policies and interventions. However, a comprehensive data source on child maltreatment is currently lacking.
Aim We aimed to create a rich data source on the incidence of Child maltreatment over Time (iCoverT) in England and Wales.
Methods We developed systematic methods to search and identify administrative data sources that regularly measured child maltreatment. Data sources were investigated and assessed against pre-specified eligibility criteria and a bespoke quality assessment tool. Relevant data were extracted, digitalised, and harmonised over time. All data and their accompanying documentation were prepared to form an open access data source: the iCoverT (osf.io/cf7mv).
Results We identified 13 unique sources of administrative data, six of which met our eligibility criteria: Child protection statistics, Children in care, Criminal statistics, Homicide index, Mortality statistics and NSPCC statistics. Data and documentation were prepared and combined to form the iCoverT, including 272 variables, over 43,500 data points, and spanning over 150 years. A subsequent time series analysis demonstrated the utility of the iCoverT; identifying large overall decreases in child maltreatment from 1858 to 2016 (e.g. 90% decrease in child homicides (2.7 per fewer per 100,000 children)) but worrying recent increases from 2000 to 2016.
Conclusion We systematically developed a rich data source on child maltreatment in England and Wales. Our methodology overcomes practical obstacles and offers a new approach for harnessing administrative data for research. Our resulting data source is a valuable public health surveillance tool, which can be used to monitor national levels of child maltreatment and to evaluate the effectiveness of child protection initiatives.
What happens after self-harm? An exploration of self-harm and suicide using the Northern Ireland Registry of Self-Harm
Authors: Maguire Aideen , Ross Emma , Tseliou Foteini , O'Hagan Denise , O'Reilly Dermot 
Published: November 2019

Background Suicide is a major public health concern and Northern Ireland (NI) has the highest rate of both self-harm and suicide in the UK and Ireland. In order to target prevention strategies effectively, it is vital to understand who is most at risk.
Aim To explore the risk factors for completed suicide following presentation with self-harm.
Methods The Northern Ireland Registry of Self-Harm (NIRSH) collects information on all self-harm and suicide ideation presentations to all Emergency Departments in NI. NIRSH data from 2012-2015 was linked to centralised electronic data relating to primary care, prescribed medication and mortality records. Logistic regression was employed to quantify the likelihood of mortality with adjustment for factors associated with mental ill health and suicide risk, and Cox regression was used to explore which characteristics of those who self-harm are most associated with risk of suicide.
Results The cohort consisted of all 1,483,435 individuals born or resident in NI from 1st January 1970 until 31st December 2015 (maximum age in 2015, 45 years). During the follow-up period, 12,327 (0.8%) individuals presented with self-harm and 892 (0.1%) died by suicide. Rates of self-harm were equivalent for males and females with highest rates observed in the 18-24 years age group, and more common in deprived than affluent areas (OR=3.42, 95%CI 3,21, 3.65). Most individuals self-harmed via self-poisoning with psychotropic medications (71.5%), followed by self-injury with a sharp object (21.7%). Although only 162 (1.3%) of those who presented with self-harm went on to die by suicide, those who presented with self-harm were 24 times more likely to die by suicide compared to those who did not present with self-harm after adjustment for age and sex (HR=24.3, 95%CI 20.46,28.76).
Conclusion This constitutes the first population-wide study of self-harm in the UK and could be utilised to inform suicide prevention strategies.
The Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank Dementia e-cohort (SAIL-DeC)
Authors: Schnier Christian , Wilkinson Tim , Orton Chris , North Laura , Rochford Ryan , Sudlow Cathie 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Dementia Platform UK (DPUK) brings together over 50 different dementia-related cohorts. Most studies have restricted follow-up times and all are based on information from people who volunteer time and data for research. Participants are therefore often not representative of the 'wider population' and generalization of results is complicated. The Secure Anonymised Information Linkage databank (SAIL) holds long-time information on every person in Wales registered with the national health service, so generalization of study results is easier; however, data management and analysis of SAIL data is not trivial. We used data from SAIL to construct an easily accessible, well described dementia e-cohort.
Methods With some age restrictions, all Welsh residents for whom primary care data were available were included. Within SAIL, a table was created holding demographic information for every participant including follow-up times and several dementia indicators. Using validated diagnostic code lists, this table was linked to information on every dementia-related diagnostic event and several covariates and co-morbidites. SAIL-DeC can be modified according to varying study designs using annotated SQL-based scripts. Information on SAIL-DeC can easily be updated and linked to additional data on the SAIL database. Interactive visualisations effectively summarise cohort characteristics, aiding researchers to quickly determine cohort eligibility for dementia studies.
Results From 4.4 million participants in SAIL, 1.2 million met the cohort inclusion criteria, resulting in 18.8 million person-years of follow-up. Of these, 129,650 (10%) developed all-cause dementia during follow-up, with 77,978 (60%) having dementia subtype codes. Seventy-nine percent of participants who developed dementia died during follow-up. Median survival was 12.3 years for participants diagnosed with dementia when aged 50-60, 6.8 years when aged 60-70, 4.2 years when aged 70-80 and 2.4 years when aged 80-90.
Conclusions We have created a generalisable, national dementia e-cohort, aimed at facilitating epidemiological dementia research.
Examining the link between family health events and pupil performance in Wales
Authors: Murphy Phil , Brown Samuel 
Published: November 2019

Background with rationale There is evidence of a strong relationship between health (and mother’s health) and early educational attainment. With access to administrative data this relationship can be explored to greater depth for the UK.
Main Aim To explore the effects of a pupil’s and their mother’s health (split into 22 categories) upon the pupil’s educational attainment through the use of administrative data.
Methods/Approach Health events were found through hospital admissions and then converted into the World Health Organisation’s ICD-10 health events. Two year lags were also created for these health events. Probit and ordered probit analyses were then used to explore the effects of these health events on a binary pass/fail core subject indicator and on a teacher assessed grade for Maths, Science and English. Analysis was split by gender and keystage.
Results Few of the health events affect the educational attainment of the pupil. The health of male pupils has little impact on education, with the mother’s health having a stronger impact. The mother’s past health events have the greatest impact upon the male pupil’s education. The male pupil’s past health effects keystage 2 pupils the most, with little effect for keystage 1 and 3 pupils. Female pupils’ health has little impact at keystage 1, with increasing importance at keystage 2 and 3. Mother’s health (including past health) seems to have the opposite effect, being more important at keystage 1 and less at keystage 2 and 3. The female pupil’s past health has a small but consistent impact across all keystages.
Conclusion By splitting health into ICD-10 categories, the health events that affect education have been more clearly identified. Most importantly, however, is the contribution of administrative data, allowing for in-depth analysis of health on education.
The Impact of School Exclusion on Educational Achievement: Evidence from English Administrative Data
Authors: McGovern Mark , McVicar Duncan , O’Reilly Dermot , Rowland Neil 
Published: November 2019

Around 800,000 children experience exclusion from school every year in England, which can have significant and long-lasting effects, especially on educational achievement. Existing papers on the impact of school exclusion on children's outcomes mainly investigate the correlational relationship using US data. There is a lack of empirical evidence from other countries examining whether this relationship is causal. Longitudinal administrative data provide the ideal opportunity to test the hypothesis that children who are excluded go on to have lower educational achievement as a result.
This paper aims to measure the effect of exclusion in school-aged children. We use individual-level administrative data: the National Pupil Database (NPD) from school year 2004/05 to 2016/17. The NPD is maintained by the UK Department of Education and contains information on all pupils in state-funded schools in England. Detailed characteristics about the pupils and the schools are recorded. Student outcomes include the pupils'test scores, prior attainment, and progression at each Key Stage. In terms of school exclusion, we have detailed information on the time, school term when the exclusion occurred, and the type, reason and number of sessions for each exclusion.
To estimate the impact of school exclusion on the educational achievement of pupils, fixed effect models at individual level will be applied using the longitudinal dataset. We will control for the socio-economic characteristics of pupils, households and schools, for example age, gender, ethnic group, cohort, special education needs, location, siblings, school type, and other aggregate level characteristics. Having already conducted a comprehensive literature review, and with data expected to be available in September, we anticipate preliminary results this autumn.
Exploratory Research on the Health and Social Outcomes of Public Housing
Authors: Smith Mark , Hinds Aynslie , Prior Heather , Chateau Dan 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundUnder the National Housing Strategy, the Canadian government will make historic investments in housing over the next decade. The Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation is leading a research strategy to evaluate the impact of these investments. As part of this initiative, the Manitoba Center for Health Policy is conducting a pilot study to determine whether administrative data can be used to assess impacts, specifically looking at health, education and involvement in the justice system.
ApproachUsing administrative data we tested for changes in healthcare use and justice involvement in the two years before and after a cohort of individuals moved into public housing. Additionally, to determine if changes in the outcomes over time were unique to public housing, we included a matched comparison group of individuals who did not reside in public housing. GLM with generalized estimating equations tested for differences over time and between cohorts in the number of hospitalizations, inpatient days, emergency department visits, and contacts with the criminal justice system. The data were modeled using a Poisson distribution (rate ratio, RR).
Results Compared to the matched cohort, individuals accepted into public housing showed a significant decline in number of hospitalizations (pre RR=1.58 (1.53, 1.63), post RR=1.23 (1.19, 1.27), days in hospital (pre RR=1.66 (1.64, 1.68), post RR=1.24 (1.23, 1.26) and visits to the emergency department (pre RR=1.57 (1.52, 1.62), post RR=1.42 (1.38, 1.47). A trend towards fewer involvements with the criminal justice system was also observed (pre RR=1.37 (1.32, 1.43), post RR=1.28 (1.22, 1.34). No significant differences were noted for total respiratory morbidity or high school grades.
ConclusionAdministrative data show good potential to be used for the evaluation of public housing impacts on a wide range of health and social outcomes. Additional indicator comparisons will be reported at the conference.
Measuring and explaining the changing nature of work - The Linked Personnel Panel enriched with administrative employment data (LPP-ADIAB)
Authors: Grunau Philipp , Haepp Tobias , Mackeben Jan , Ruf Kevin , Wolter Stefanie 
Published: November 2019

In a rapidly changing world of work, policy-makers have new questions for evidence-based policy advice that go beyond what administrative data can provide. For example, the focus is on flexible forms of work or the permeability of the boundary between work and leisure time. Survey data can provide a good basis for answering these questions. In many respects, however, they do not come close to the representativeness and measuring accuracy of administrative data.
Here the combination of survey data with administrative data can help to get the best out of two systems. On the one hand, objective information about the population is available and on the other hand, the survey data contain much more detailed information on a variety of topics.
With the Linked Personnel Panel (LPP), the administrative data are used both for drawing a sample that is as undistorted as possible and for adjusting weighting factors. The LPP is a linked operational and employee data set that collects information on personnel instruments, corporate culture and work quality. Supplemented with the administrative data as LPP-ADIAB, we have advised policy makers on the relevance of home office for companies and employees. We know from the data of the employees whether their activity is suitable for home office. In the first step, these data are linked with the job information of the same employees from the administrative data. In the second step, we can transfer these values to the employees in Germany and estimate an undepleted homeoffice potential.
With the help of the LPP-ADIAB, we were able to show the limited effect of a right to homeoffice and thus provided a comprehensive picture in a discussion led by a small group of supporters.
A public health approach to reducing violence: Can data linkage help to reduce demand on blue light services?
Authors: McVie Susan , King Josiah 
Published: November 2019

Scotland has witnessed a remarkable reduction in violent crime in recent years. In part, the success of this reduction has been attributed to a ‘public health’ approach, which includes improvements in partnership working across multiple agencies – especially law enforcement and public health. Nevertheless, the emergency services continue to deal with a high volume of violent incidents, an increasing number of which involve some aspect of underlying vulnerability. Policy makers are keen to understand more about how aspects of vulnerability impact on violent crime, especially as this is a primary driver for policies like the public health approach to reducing violence.
In a project that brings together stakeholders from the Scottish Government, Police Scotland and the Scottish Ambulance Service, the Scottish Centre for Administrative Data Research aims to examine patterns of ambulance callouts and/or hospital admissions involving people who experience violence. The study, which will link together a range of health datasets, will bring together data about violence-related incidents with wider information about an individual’s history of drug misuse, alcohol-related conditions and mental health problems. The study will also examine the extent to which violence and vulnerability contribute to increasing risk of premature death.
This paper will focus on the development of the research proposal and the opportunities and challenges of trying to bring together data from different emergency service organisations. If possible, it will present preliminary findings from the research. It is anticipated that this study will support the development of further violence prevention policies in Scotland, especially in terms of helping to identify opportunities for better partnership working and points of intervention that could reduce demand on blue light services to deal with violent incidents.
Strategies for centering equity and public engagement in the ethical use of integrated administrative data
Authors: Jenkins Adelia , Hawn Nelson Amy 
Published: November 2019

Background with rationaleData integration is undertaken for the public good, yet institutions rarely address structural bias in their history, or the ways data are biased due to systemic inequities in the administration of policies and programs. Meanwhile, the public are rarely consulted in data use. Though data infrastructure can be a powerful tool to support equity-oriented reforms, equity is rarely a stated goal for data integration. This raises fundamental concerns, as integrated data increasingly provide the raw materials for evaluation, research, and risk modeling that inform policy, practice, and resource allocation.
Actionable Intelligence for Social Policy (AISP) is an initiative of the University of Pennsylvania that focuses on the development, use, and innovation of integrated data systems (IDS). We convene a network of IDS across the United States while supporting developing sites, and as such are uniquely situated to convene experts to develop guidance for centering equity within integrated data infrastructure.
Main AimThis project aims to generate guidance for agencies supporting data sharing infrastructure to ensure an emphasis on equity and public engagement for ethical use.
Methods/ApproachA variety of data collection methods are being used, including expert panel convenings and interviews with sites piloting or exemplifying strategies for public engagement and equitable data access and use. An extensive literature review is also in progress and will inform a suite of forthcoming products, including a white paper, communications and training materials.
ResultsThe results will provide strategies for centering equity across the spectrum of data integration activities, including inclusive governance, staffing considerations, decisions about data quality, and the ethical use of data models and algorithms. Initial findings indicate there are few exemplar sites that routinely center equity within data integration efforts, yet there are promising incremental steps that sites can take to ensure ethical use.
ConclusionWhile centering equity within data integration is an emerging focus, initial findings indicate the importance of such efforts, particularly in acknowledging and mitigating the risks of unacknowledged bias across use of administrative data for research and evaluation purposes.
Fuel Poverty Data Linking Project
Authors: Solomons Craiger , Lowe Sarah , Dixon Josh , Whiffen Tony , Bowen Rachel , Davies Matthew , Vine Hugo 
Published: November 2019

Background with rationaleIn Wales, a household is considered to be in fuel poverty if it needs to spend more than 10% of its net income on maintaining a satisfactory heating regime. Addressing fuel poverty is particularly important to Wales with an estimated 29% of households in fuel poverty compared with 17% in the UK overall.
To tackle fuel poverty in Wales, the Welsh Government implemented two fuel poverty schemes. Warm Homes Nest is a demand-led scheme and Warm Homes Arbed an area-based scheme. Both schemes provide free home energy efficiency measures e.g. home insulation or boilers.
Main AimTo use linked administrative data to evaluate the impacts of Welsh Government home energy efficiency schemes for low income households. The findings will inform future fuel poverty schemes in Wales.
Methods/ApproachIndividual-level data from both schemes was anonymously linked to routine health records, using the SAIL (Secure Anonymised Information Linkage) Databank, to examine the health service use of recipients.
We used difference-in-difference estimations to compare any changes in the health of recipients before and after intervention with any concurrent change in health in those yet to receive an intervention.
ResultsResults published in 2017 indicated positive effects for the Nest scheme, including positive impacts on respiratory health and general health.
We will report results comparing the health impacts of the Arbed and Nest schemes. The study will be the first to directly compare the health impacts of a demand-led and an area-based energy efficiency scheme.
Conclusion Providing home energy efficiency interventions has the potential to benefit population health; however, there is a scarcity of evidence comparing different methods of implementing schemes. Our findings will inform more effectively focussed home energy efficiency schemes and potentially improve the health of people living in Wales.
The Nuffield Family Justice Observatory Data Partnership
Authors: Griffiths Lucy , Johnson Rhodri , Cusworth Linda , Akbari Ashley , Alrouh Bachar , Bedston Stuart , Harwin Judith , Jones Kerina , Smart Jonathan , Thompson Simon , Ford David , Broadhurst Karen 
Published: November 2019

Background
Not enough is known about how the family justice system is working, the children and families using these services, and their wider outcomes beyond their involvement with the family court. The Nuffield Family Justice Observatory (FJO) Data Partnership, comprising a bespoke analysis platform hosted within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank and analytical teams at Lancaster and Swansea Universities, has been established to address this knowledge deficit.
MethodsFamily justice data is being deposited in the SAIL Databank. Data are acquired using a standardised split-file approach, stored in an anonymised format and made available to projects as linked data using a unique encrypted project anonymised linkage field. These data can be augmented with a wealth of available health, education and other governmental/social routinely collected datasets, and future data acquired from other sources, for a range of research projects.
ResultsChildren and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (Cafcass) Cymru data has been transferred to the SAIL Databank, and agreements to transfer the Cafcass England data are being finalised. Applications are now welcomed to use these data to enhance understanding of the family justice system and children and families involved with the family courts in public and private law. Access will be facilitated through the SAIL Databank, subject to relevant governance procedures.
ConclusionWe will discuss the rationale of the Nuffield FJO Data Partnership, and how it aims to a) increase capacity and capability of researchers and data scientists utilising family justice and other relevant administrative datasets, b) improve understanding about the family justice system using data from the Cafcass in England and Wales, c) demonstrate the complexities and value of data linkage, and d) assist future policy and practice development. We will discuss matching rates for the Cafcass Cymru data and linkages that have been made to other datasets within the SAIL Databank. We will also set out the support available from the partnership to those wishing to access and utilise family justice data.