bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The asymmetries of pouvoir constituant mixte
Authors: Perju Vlad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis invited Symposium contribution discusses Jürgen Habermas's celebrated and influential theory of pouvoir constituant mixte. In that account, the EU is constituted by a double authority: that of citizens of nation‐states and that of (the same) citizens as subjects of the future EU. I argue that Habermas's theory is convincing only if the two constitution‐building subjects—citizens of the already constituted nation‐states and citizens of the to‐be‐constituted European Union—are positioned symmetrically in relation to each other. I argue that Habermas's construction is, in fact, asymmetrical. I identify three asymmetries: of expectations, of function and of origins. I argue that these asymmetries place the role of citizens as members of nation‐states in such an advantageous position that it would be irrational for citizens in their other capacity, as citizens of the to‐be‐constituted European Union, to participate in the constituent authority in the terms proposed and defended by Habermas.
Fatigue strength degradation of corroded structural details: A formula for S‐N curve
Authors: Adasooriya N.D. , Pavlou D. , Hemmingsen T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA formula is proposed to predict fatigue strength of corroded members and joints of steel structures. The concept of the formula is first studied from recently identified mechanism of corrosion fatigue. Hence, the corresponding fatigue strength curve (i.e. S‐N curve) of corroded steel is presented. It is further improved to derive linear, bilinear or trilinear S‐N curve for corroded constructional details of steel structures. The parameters of the corroded steel S‐N curve are determined based on the corrosion fatigue testing results of different types of steel specimens in air, fresh water and seawater. Hence, the parameters for the derived S‐N curve of corroded constructional details are predicted based on the above parameters and tabulated for the detail categories given in the Eurocode and DNVGL code. The proposed S‐N curve formula is compared with full‐scale fatigue test results of several constructional details, and the validity of the formula is confirmed.
If we cannot measure it, we cannot improve it: Understanding measurement problems in routine oral/dental assessments in Canadian nursing homes—Part I
Authors: Hoben Matthias , Yoon Minn N. , Lu Lily , Estabrooks Carole A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare Resident Assessment Instrument—Minimum Data Set 2.0 (RAI) oral/dental items collected by nursing home (NH) care staff to (a) assessments collected by trained research assistants (RAs) and (b) “gold standard” clinical assessments by dental hygienists (DHs).BackgroundRoutine collection of RAI oral/dental items is mandatory in most Canadian NHs. However, the performance of these items is less than optimal and oral/dental problems are severely under‐reported. Accurate assessment is a prerequisite for preventing, detecting and treating oral health problems. Not knowing the reasons for performance problems is a barrier to improving performance of the RAI oral/dental items.Materials and MethodsWe included 103 NH residents from 4 NHs in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Using Kappa statistics, we compared the agreement of residents’ last (no older than 90 days) RAI assessment with RAI assessments completed by trained RAs and “gold standard” clinical assessments by DHs. We also assessed the inter‐rater reliability (IRR) of RA and DH assessments.ResultsCare staff assessments had poor agreement with RA and DH assessments (Kappa < 0.2 for most items). RAs and DHs identified more oral/dental problems than care staff. However, IRR of RA assessments was low (Kappa < 0.7 for 7/9 items). IRR of DH assessments was acceptable (Kappa > 0.7) for most items.ConclusionsThe quality of RAI oral/dental assessments can be improved by better training care staff and ensuring appropriate time to do the assessments. However, remaining problems—even with trained RAs—suggest that rewording some of the items or supplementing them by more robust tools may be required.
Trophies of war: British flying officers' photograph albums and the memory of air operations in Egypt, 1915—1918
Authors: Fox Paul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the impact of technological modernity on the tactical conduct of the First World War and on how it was subsequently remembered. Specifically, it considers a now lost archive that has received scant historical attention: the collection of photographic intelligence material, comprising negatives and prints, housed on airfields and in military headquarters in Egypt, generated during photographic reconnaissance missions flown during combat operations over enemy held territory in the Middle East. In the absence of the archive itself, the paper asks: what did veteran flying officers who had employed military imaging technologies while on duty, do with the prints they chose to retain, examples of which abound in their private photograph albums. The paper argues that veterans&#x2019; photograph albums served as condensers, crystallising personal memories of wartime experience in Egypt through a process whereby their makers ordered the material at their disposal as they saw fit in order to give shape to memories, and thereby construct a privatised sense of their wartime past. It addresses three categories of image: those sourced from the military intelligence archive; photographs of British flying stations and aerodromes (used as airborne navigation aids); and training mission photography of locations in Egypt associated with Nile tourism. It concludes that while albums made by flying officers might contain images more commonly associated with Nile tourism, the inclusion of salient images from the military intelligence archive elevated them to the status of trophy objects: private trophy albums owned by former air warfare practitioners signposted their membership of a wartime in‐group defined by its mastery of state‐of‐the‐art technologies, the conduct of an unprecedented type of combat, and of quotidian life on a new type of military installation‐the aerodrome, a restricted place in which a gated community of high‐value specialists went about its professional duties. Moreover, flying officers&#x2019; trophy albums were constitutive of a post‐war fictive kinship in the British veteran community, and informed the cultural construction of a family of remembrance without precedent.
Delusional infestation: a prototype of psychodermatological disease
Authors: Katsoulis Katerina , Rutledge Kyle J. , Jafferany Mohammad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDelusional infestation (DI) is a disorder in which patients express a firm, unwavering belief that they are infested with some type of organism but otherwise have a typical grasp on reality with relatively normal cognitive functioning. Although classified as a somatic delusional disorder, DI requires special consideration due to its complicated clinical presentation, requiring attention to several possible explanations for the symptoms the patients describe. The purpose of the current review is to first summarize the clinical background and features of the diagnosis then explore treatment options. DI is a rare disorder though has reported cases dating back to the 19th century and spanning across the globe. Patients often experience the disorder as secondary to a medical condition, including substance use/withdrawal. However, there have also been many reported cases of primary DI, occurring in the absence of any other psychiatric or medical disorder. Clinically, DI is a diagnosis of exclusion, where the physician must rule out other medical conditions, including genuine dermatological disorders or infestations, or contributions from medications or substances. Patients with the disorder more commonly present to nonpsychiatric healthcare providers, making it essential for all clinicians to be able to identify the disease. Treatment can include either first or second generation antipsychotics, but it is important to proceed tactfully in discourse with the patient, being careful to address patients in a straightforward manner without reinforcing or questioning the delusion and focusing conversation on what can be done for the symptoms. Future research can continue to evaluate pathophysiology underlying primary DI, which historically has been an under‐studied topic.
Involuntary Immobility and the Unfulfilled Rite of Passage: Implications for Migration Management in the Gambia, West Africa
Authors: Conrad Suso Catherine T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGambia, the smallest country on the African continent, is one of the largest contributors, per capita, to irregular migrants in Europe. Aspirations to migrate are ingrained culturally, to the extent that they can be understood as a rite of passage. Unfilled rites, associated with involuntary immobility, have led to pervasive frustration and feelings of entrapment, locally referred to as having the nerves syndrome. This article explores the societal and cultural significance of migration in this context, exploring the meanings that this especially has for effective migration management. It provides evidence and context for the deep motives, embedded socially and culturally, for migration as a significant mechanism to maintain status and achievement of adulthood. In view of this, initiatives by foreign and domestic governments and NGOs to work on campaigns and strategies to entice citizens to remain and work at home should be carefully considered. Foreign policies and funds to so‐called empower youth to stay in their home countries may be misleadingly ineffective. The academic literature does not sufficiently address this.
Pathogenic Th1 responses in CHIKV‐induced inflammation and their modulation upon Plasmodium parasites co‐infection
Authors: Torres‐Ruesta Anthony , Teo Teck‐Hui , Chan Yi‐Hao , Rénia Laurent , Ng Lisa F. P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe induction of polyarthritis and polyarthralgia is a hallmark of arthritogenic alphavirus infections, with an exceptionally higher morbidity observed with chikungunya virus (CHIKV). While the mechanisms underlying these incapacitating acute symptoms remain partially understood, the progression to chronic conditions in some cases remains unanswered. The highly pro‐inflammatory nature of alphavirus disease has suggested the involvement of virus‐specific, joint‐infiltrating Th1 cells as one of the main pathogenic mediators of CHIKV‐induced joint pathologies. This review summarizes the role of cell‐mediated immune responses in CHIKV pathogenesis, with a specific focus on pro‐inflammatory Th1 responses in the development of CHIKV joint inflammation. Furthermore, due to the explosive nature of arthritogenic alphavirus outbreaks and their recent expansion across the world, co‐infections with other highly prevalent pathogens such as malaria are likely to occur but the pathological outcomes of such interactions in humans are unknown. This review will also discuss the potential impact of malaria co‐infections on CHIKV pathogenesis and their relevance in alphavirus control programs in endemic areas.
Unexpected molecular and morphological diversity of hemichordate larvae from the Neotropics
Authors: Collin Rachel , Venera‐Pontón Dagoberto E. , Driskell Amy C. , Macdonald Kenneth S. , Boyle Michael J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe diversity of tropical marine invertebrates is poorly documented, especially those groups for which collecting adults is difficult. We collected the planktonic tornaria larvae of hemichordates (acorn worms) to assess their hidden diversity in the Neotropics. Larvae were retrieved in plankton tows from waters of the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Panama, followed by DNA barcoding of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal DNA to estimate their diversity in the region. With moderate sampling efforts, we discovered six operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the Bay of Panama on the Pacific coast, in contrast to the single species previously recorded for the entire Tropical Eastern Pacific. We found eight OTUs in Bocas del Toro province on the Caribbean coast, compared to seven species documented from adults in the entire Caribbean. All OTUs differed from each other and from named acorn worm sequences in GenBank by >10% pairwise distance in COI and >2% in 16S. Two of our OTUs matched 16S hemichordate sequences in GenBank: one was an unidentified or unnamed Balanoglossus from the Caribbean of Panama, and the other was an unidentified ptychoderid larva from the Bahamas. The species accumulation curves suggest that nearly all the species have been collected and only one more species might still remain undetected in the Pacific. In contrast, the Caribbean species accumulation curve suggests that further sampling could yield more than 10 additional OTUs. Tornaria from the 14 OTUs exhibited typical planktotrophic morphologies, and, in some cases, may be distinguished by differences in pigmentation and by the number of telotrochal ciliary bands, but in general, few diagnostic differences were detected.
Influence of size‐classified and slightly soluble mineral additives on hydration of tricalcium silicate
Authors: Cook Rachel , Ma Hongyan , Kumar Aditya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEarly‐age hydration of cement is enhanced by slightly soluble mineral additives (ie, fillers, such as quartz and limestone). However, few studies have attempted to systematically compare the effects of different fillers on cementitious hydration rates, and none have quantified such effects using fillers with comparable, size‐classified particle size distributions (PSDs). This study examines the influence of size‐classified fillers [ie, limestone (CaCO3), quartz (SiO2), corundum (Al2O3), and rutile (TiO2)] on early‐age hydration kinetics of tricalcium silicate (C3S) using a combination of experimental methods, while also employing a modified phase boundary and nucleation and growth model. In prior studies, wherein fillers with broad PSDs were used, it has been reported that between quartz and limestone, the latter is a superior filler due to its ability to partake in anion‐exchange reactions with C‐S‐H. Contrary to prior investigations, this study shows that when size‐classified and area matched fillers are used—which, essentially, eliminate degrees of freedom associated with surface area and agglomeration of filler particulates—the filler effect of quartz is broadly similar to that of limestone as well as rutile. Results also show that unlike quartz, limestone, and rutile—which enhance C3S hydration kinetics—corundum suppresses hydration of C3S during the first several hours after mixing. Such deceleration in C3S hydration kinetics is attributed to the adsorption of aluminate anions—released from corundum's dissolution—onto anhydrous particulates’ surfaces, which impedes both the dissolution of C3S and heterogeneous nucleation of C‐S‐H.
Fin damage and growth parameters relative to stocking density and feeding method in intensively cultured European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.)
Authors: Stejskal Vlastimil , Matoušek Jan , Prokešová Markéta , Podhorec Peter , Křišťan Jiří , Policar Tomáš , Gebauer Tatyana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe evaluated the relationship of stocking density to survival, growth performance and fin condition of European perch Perca fluviatilis with hand feeding and self‐feeders. Hand‐fed perch (body weight 19.1 ± 5.1 g and total length 107 ± 9 mm) were reared at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 fish/L. Self‐feeding perch (body weight 25.4 ± 3.9 g and total length 128 ± 7 mm) were reared at stocking densities of 0.6, 1.0 and 1.4 fish/L. Pond‐reared perch served as a comparison group for fin damage assessment. We found no differences in survival rate among stocking densities with either feeding method. Hand‐fed fish displayed the highest weight gain and SGR at stocking density of 0.5 fish/L. The self‐feeding fish showed a non‐linear association of weight gain with stocking density with the highest growth at 1.0 fish/L. Fin length was noticeably greater in pond‐reared fish compared with RAS‐reared fish regardless of feeding method. In both experiments, fin length relative to standard length showed a negative relationship with stocking density, with pectoral fins showing the greatest effect. Fin condition deteriorated with increasing stocking density, and growth was highest at 0.5 and 1.0 fish/L in hand‐fed and self‐feeding fish, respectively.
Improved growth of extremely and very preterm babies: Evaluation of a quality‐of‐care initiative
Authors: Levene Ilana , McCormick Kenny 
Published: November 2019

AimTo measure growth outcomes in preterm infants after introduction of a nutritional care bundle.MethodsA total of 509 infants of less than 32 weeks’ gestation in a level III neonatal intensive care unit in the UK were studied until they were discharged home. Growth and feeding data were extracted from a prospective data registry for 18 months before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of earlier routine bovine‐derived multi‐component fortification once the infant has reached 120ml/kg/day of enteral feed from the first day of life and an exclusive human milk diet with routine bovine‐derived multi‐component fortification of 120 mL/kg/day.ResultsAfter the intervention, growth velocity between birth and 28 days increased from 9.7 ± 4.1 to 12.2 ± 4.6 g/kg/day (mean ± standard deviation), and weight z score change decreased from −1.06 ± 0.56 to −0.76 ± 0.59 (P < 0.00002). For the entire group, growth velocity by the discharge home time point increased by 1 g/kg/day. However, the growth velocity of infants who were discharged on an exclusive human milk diet increased the most, from 10.8 ± 2.2 to 13.0 ± 2.8 g/kg/day (P < 0.00001), eliminating the difference seen between these infants and those discharged on infant formula before the intervention.ConclusionThe introduction of a simple nutritional package improved weight gain, particularly in infants fed exclusive human milk at discharge.
How strong is the relationship between scabies and acute rheumatic fever? An analysis of neighbourhood factors
Authors: Thornley Simon , King Ron , Marshall Roger , Oakley Amanda , Sundborn Gerhard , Harrower Jay , Reynolds Edwin , Arbuckle Mark , Johnson Richard J. 
Published: November 2019

AimRecent studies have linked scabies with acute rheumatic fever (ARF). We explored the relationship, by neighbourhood, between permethrin dispensing as an indicator of scabies prevalence and ARF cases over the same period.MethodsIncident cases of ARF notified to public health between September 2015 and June 2018 and the annual incidence of prescribing by neighbourhood over the same period were analysed. Evidence of an association between permethrin and ARF was obtained by carrying out Poisson regression of the rate of ARF in terms of permethrin rate at the census area unit level, with adjustment for ethnicity and socio‐economic deprivation.ResultsA total of 413 neighbourhoods were included. The incidence of ARF varied between 0 and 102 per 100 000 people per year (mean 4.3). In contrast, the annual incidence of dispensing of permethrin varied between 0 and 3201 per 100 000 people per year (mean 771). A strong association was observed between the two variables. In an adjusted quasi‐Poisson model, permethrin‐dispensing rates were strongly associated with ARF incidence, with a change from the 16th to the 84th centile associated with a 16.5‐fold increase in incidence (95% confidence interval: 3.82–71.6).ConclusionsPermethrin prescribing as an indicator of scabies is strongly associated with the incidence of ARF. Considered together with other studies, this evidence suggests that improving scabies control may reduce the burden of ARF in New Zealand.
Pine savanna plant community disassembly after fire suppression
Authors: Diaz‐Toribio Milton H. , Carr Susan , Putz Francis E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuestionsBiodiversity is being lost rapidly due to anthropogenic changes in land use, climate, and other environmental conditions. In fire‐maintained ecosystems, altered fire regimes accelerate native species loss — community disassembly — and promote recruitment of fire‐sensitive species. In this study, we ask whether fire suppression results in changes over time in functional trait composition of ground‐layer species and whether these changes differ in longleaf pine savannas invaded by hardwoods from those invaded by sand pines.LocationFive Floridian locations on the southeastern coastal plain of the United States.MethodsAt each location we selected a fire‐maintained and fire‐suppressed savanna and measured percent plant cover by ground‐story species in 1,000 m2 plots. For 102 of these species, we measured 10 functional traits — height, growth form, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf water content, leaf ignition time, leaf mass consumed by fire, light compensation points (LCPs), non‐structural carbohydrate concentrations in under‐ground organs, and seed mass.ResultsFire exclusion was associated with reductions in both functional diversity and species richness. We identified 38 species exclusive to frequently burned sites: these species showed high LDMC values, high LCPs, high leaf mass consumed, and low leaf ignition time values. Lack of fire was associated with loss of 6 of the 12 C4 native grass species. Species and functional trait composition were affected by both time‐since‐fire and whether post‐fire communities were invaded by broadleaved trees (Quercus spp. and Liquidambar styraciflua) or by sand pine (Pinus clausa).ConclusionsWe demonstrated the effects of altered disturbance regimes on savanna plant species and functional trait composition. This trait‐based approach advanced our understanding of how altered disturbance regimes can alter plant communities. Although 38 shade‐intolerant and flammable native savanna species were absent by 10 years since fire, 12 such species persisted even 40 years after fire exclusion.
Micronutrient powder use in Arequipa, Peru: Barriers and enablers across multiple levels
Authors: Brewer Jessica D. , Santos Maria P. , Román Karina , Riley‐Powell Amy R. , Oberhelman Richard A. , Paz‐Soldan Valerie A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn Peru, nearly half of children aged 6–36 months were diagnosed with anaemia in 2017. To address this disease, the Peruvian Ministry of Health implemented a national programme in 2014, distributing free micronutrient powders (MNPs) to all children of this age. However, rates of childhood anaemia remain high. The aim of this study was to explore factors at all levels of the Social‐Ecological Model that affect MNP use and adherence in Arequipa, an Andean city with childhood anaemia rates higher than the national average. We conducted in‐depth interviews with 20 health personnel and 24 caregivers and 12 focus group discussions with 105 caregivers. We identified numerous barriers, including negative side effects (constipation, vomiting, and diarrhoea), poor taste of MNP, lack of familial and peer support for its use, insufficient informational resources provided by the health system, and limited human resources that constricted health personnel abilities to implement MNP programming successfully. Facilitators identified included concern about the long‐term effects of anaemia, support from organizations external to the health system, well‐coordinated care within the health system, and provision of resources by the Ministry of Health. We found that community or organizational and societal factors were key to limited MNP use and adherence, specifically the limited time health personnel have to address caregivers' doubts during appointments and the lack of informational resources outside of these appointments. Potential policy implications could be to increase informational resources available outside of individualized counselling by strengthening existing collaborations with community organizations, increasing media coverage, and providing group counselling.