bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
واقع التحول الرقمي في المؤسسات العمانية
Authors: البلوشية نوال بنت علي , الحراصي نبهان بن حارث , العوفي علي بن سيف 
Published: April 2020

ملخص

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف واقع التحول الرقمي في سلطنة عمان، عن طريق التعرف على الأدوار التي تقوم بها المؤسسات المختلفة بالسلطنة في مجال التحول الرقمي والحكومة الإلكترونية، وتقييم مستوياتها في التحول، بالإضافة إلى التعرف على أبرز المشاريع المنفذة بها في هذا الجانب، تماشيًا مع التوجهات العالمية في المجال. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي النوعي، والمقابلة شبه المقننة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات، بمساندة تحليل المحتوى للوثائق في هذا الجانب التي تم الحصول عليها من المؤسسات عينة الدراسة، لدعم النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها عن طريق المقابلة.
وطبقت الدراسة على أربع مؤسسات حكومية وهي: وزارة التقنية والاتصالات ووزارة التربية والتعليم ووزارة الصحة وشرطة عمان السلطانية، ومؤسسة واحدة من القطاع الخاص هي بنك مسقط، ومن أبرز النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة هي: قيام المؤسسات بجهود وأدوار واضحة للتحول رقميًا، من توعية وتثقيف وتدريب وتكامل وجاهزية وغيرها، كما تفاوت مستوى التحول بالمؤسسات عينة الدراسة إلا أن جميعها بذلت جهودًا ساعدت في تقدّم السلطنة في مستوى التحوّل الرقمي حسب آخر تقرير للأمم المتحدة لعام 2018، وارتفاع مستواها في مجالات التقييم الأخرى كالمشاركة الإلكترونية. وتمثلت أبرز مشاريع التحوّل بالسلطنة في مشاريع البنية الأساسية كنظام التصديق الإلكتروني ومشروع منصة التكامل الحكومية، ومشاريع أخرى كالمركز الوطني للسلامة المعلوماتية، ومراكز ساس المختلفة بوزارة التقنية والاتصالات، بالإضافة إلى المشاريع بالمؤسسات عينة الدراسة كالبوابة التعليمية، وبوابة الصحة الإلكترونية، وتطبيقات الخدمات المختلفة المتاحة على الهواتف الذكية.
وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة التعريف بالخدمات الإلكترونية المتاحة والترويج لها، عن طريق استغلال التقنية كوسائل الإعلام المختلفة، وشبكات التواصل الاجتماعي، حتى يتم التعرف إليها من قبل المستفيدين ومن ثَمَّ توسيع دائرة استخدامها، وضرورة تكثيف استغلال المؤسسات لتقنيات الثورة الصناعية الرابعة، في استحداث مشاريع تقنية تخدم عملها في التحول بصورة فعلية، ويكون لها تأثير واضح في العمل المنجز وآلية تقديمه.
دور إنترنت الأشياء في إدارة المعرفة في مؤسسات المعلومات
Authors: مطر السالمي جمال بن , سعيد عبدالله خالد عتيق , سالم الهنائي عبدالله بن 
Published: April 2020

ملخص

أضحت المعرفة المورد الأهم لتمييز منظمات اليوم ومنها مؤسسات المعلومات التي أدركت أهمية تبني مفهوم إدارة المعرفة لتفعيل ما تمتلكه من معرفة، وذلك من خلال العمليات المرتبطة بإنتاج هذه المعرفة وتنظيمها والتشارك بها وبما يساهم في تحسين أنشطة الخدمات في هذه المؤسسات. ومع ظهور تطبيقات متطورة لمفهوم إنترنت الأشياء، بالإضافة إلى تطور تقنيات المعلومات والاتصالات فإنه يمكن الاستفادة منها في إدارة المعرفة كون تقنيات إنترنت الأشياء لها القدرة على ربط الكيانات المادية ودعم التفاعل مع العنصر البشري.
من هذا المنطلق، تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز دور تطبيقات إنترنت الأشياء في دعم أنشطة إدارة المعرفة في مؤسسات المعلومات وبالتالي تحسين خدماتها. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف فإن هذه الدراسة تعتمد المنهج الوصفي، من خلال استقصاء وتحليل النتاج الفكري المنشور عربيًا وأجنبيًا بهدف استقراء مجالات العلاقة بين إنترنت الأشياء وأنشطة إدارة المعرفة في مؤسسات المعلومات.
نتائج الدراسة أشارت إلى أن مؤسسات المعلومات استفادت من إنترنت الأشياء في تعقب جميع الكيانات المادية والمعنوية الموجودة في هذه المؤسسات وتحديد أماكنها في حالة فقدانها أو إزاحتها من أماكنها المحددة، كما أنها أضحت قادرة على مراقبة أعداد الزوار وتحديد ساعات الذروة والمصادر الأكثر استخدامًا وبالتالي تمكنت هذه المؤسسات من تقديم خدمات تفاعلية سريعة تستجيب لتطلعات المستفيدين. وعليه، توصي هذه الدراسة بأن تبادر مؤسسات المعلومات المختلفة إلى الاستفادة من تطبيقات إنترنت الأشياء لتلبية الاحتياجات المتجددة والمتغيرة لمستفيديها.
CT score and correlation with lung function and microbiology of adult patients with cystic fibrosis with predominant I1234V genotype in Qatar
Authors: Thomas Merlin , Raja Mehak , Albakri Mutaz , Najim Mostafa , Chandra Prem , Allangawi Mona 
Published: April 2020

Background: Computed tomography (CT) features of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease can be objectively quantified using current CT scoring systems to assess the extent and severity of the disease. The aims of this study were to calculate the Santamaria CT scores in adult patients with CF with the predominant CFTR I1234V genotype, determine its reliability, and correlate these parameters with lung function, microbial colonization, compliance to treatment, and exacerbations. Methodology: This retrospective observational study was conducted on adult patients with CF who were regularly followed up in the adult CF service at Qatar via CT scans that were taken not during an acute exacerbation. CT scans were scored using the Santamaria scoring system. Corresponding spirometry, microbiological data of sputum culture, and relevant clinical data were correlated with individual CT scores. Results: Only 23 of the 31 patients underwent CT when not in an acute exacerbation and were included in the study analysis. A total of 20 (87%) patients had the I1234V genotype. There was good agreement between the two radiologists on the Santamaria CT scores with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value of 0.991. Bronchiectasis was the most consistent finding, followed by interlobular and intralobular septal thickening. Patients with poor lung function and frequent exacerbations had significantly higher CT scores (p = 0.015). The CT scores of patients colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were higher but nonsignificant (p = 0.20). The mean CT scores were significantly higher in patients who were noncompliant to regular treatment than in those who were compliant (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Santamaria CT scores comprise a reliable scoring system for adult patients with CF and can be used to determine the extent and severity of lung disease. P. aeruginosa colonization causes more structural lung damage than other common colonizing organisms. Noncompliance to treatment has a significant impact on the increasing severity of CF lung disease.
Magistrale bereiding van weesgeneesmiddelen: de fabrikant buitenspel gezet?
Authors: Kempkes J.J. 
Published: April 2020

Magistrale bereiding van weesgeneesmiddelen: de fabrikant buitenspel gezet?
Fabrikanten van weesgeneesmiddelen genieten een uitgebreide octrooirechtelijke bescherming, aangevuld door marktexclusiviteit. Het recente in werking treden van de apothekersvrijstelling biedt mogelijk ruimte aan de magistrale bereiding van weesgeneesmiddelen op een grotere schaal dan door de wetgever bedoeld. Het concept marktexclusiviteit kan uitgehold worden als de apothekersvrijstelling naar de letter van de wettekst geïnterpreteerd wordt.
Uitspraken van de Governancecommissie Gezondheidszorg 2016-2019: de raad van toezicht in de schijnwerpers
Authors: Klaassen A.G.H. 
Published: April 2020

Uitspraken van de Governancecommissie Gezondheidszorg 2016-2019: de raad van toezicht in de schijnwerpers
Deze bijdrage geeft een analyse van de elf gepubliceerde uitspraken. Hieruit blijkt onder meer dat het begrip belanghebbende is begrensd. De RvT dient voldoende afstand te bewaren tot de RvB. Collectief aftreden past niet bij de taak van de RvT. Belangenverstrengeling hangt vooral af van de omstandigheden van het geval.
Techniques for the Cultivation of ‘Mamacadela’ (Brosimum Gaudichaudii Tréc.Moraceae) for the Extraction of Furanocoumarins from the Roots
Authors: Silveira Conceição Eneida dos Santos , Cardoso Cláudia Andrea Lima , Palhares Dario , Santos Íris Almeida dos , Pereira Alfredo Luiz  Rodrigues 
Published: April 2020

Brosimum gaudichaudii is a common plant of Cerrado, which is of pharmaceutical interest owing to the high accumulation of furanocoumarins in the bark of the roots. The production chain is based on extractivism, which exerts a considerable ecological pressure. In this paper, a technique for its cultivation under garden conditions has been presented. Seeds were made to germinate, and the seedlings were cultivated in 1, 45 m deep PVC tubes filled with Cerrado soil. After nine years, the plants started producing flowers and fruits. The concentration of furanocoumarins was considerably high in the cultivated plants. Five plants were sampled for morphological description and chemical analysis. Root cuttings were obtained. After six months of observation, more than 70% of the cuttings had emitted shoots and leaves. The cultivation in PVC tubes is a suitable method for harvesting the roots, and it is easy to carry out vegetative propagation of this plant by root cuttings.
Assessment of Metal Pollutants Bioaccumulation in Amaranthus (Amaranthus tricolor) Vegetables in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Bukar P. H. , Audu J. A. , Saidu M. U. , Onoja M. A. 
Published: April 2020

Assessment of metal pollutants bioaccumulation in amaranthus vegetables cultivated along the bank of river Ngadda and Alau dam was carried out with the aim of establishing the health risk associated with their consumption. Samples of amaranthus vegetables were analyzed for metal pollutants namely: Aluminum (Al), Manganese (Mn), Samarium (Sm), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (CO), Chromium (Cr), Rubidium (Rb), Barium (Ba) Scandium (Sc), Thorium (Th), Antimony (Sb) and Vanadium (V) using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) techniques. Four samples from each study site were collected, analyzed for concentration values and compared with the available values of safe limit given by WHO/FAO. From the result obtained, the maximum concentrations for Al was 1508 ± 018 at sampled site A2, for Mn was 179 ± 1 at sampled site A1, for Mg was 19890 ± 537 at sampled site A3, for Fe was 655 ± 40 at sampled site A4, for Zn was 85 ± 4 at sampled site A3 for Co was 20 ± 3 at sampled site A2, for Cr was 88 ± 21 at sampled site A4, for Rb was 18 ± 1 at sampled site A4, for Sc was 15 ±1 at sampled site A4, for Th was 33 ± 5 at sampled site A4, for Sb was 18 ± 2 at sampled site A2 and for V was 2.3 ± 0.5 at sampled sites A2, A3. The result showed that the maximum concentration of Fe, Cr, Mn and Co exceed the values recommended by FAO/WHO of 425.5, 1.3, 25 and 0.3 ppm respectively. Therefore, the consumption of vegetables cultivated on farmland soils along the bank of river Ngadda and Alau dam may constitute health risk overtime as these metals can accumulate in the body.
Agriculture Development in India: A State Level Analysis
Authors: Singh Surendra 
Published: April 2020

Agriculture plays vital role in the process of economic development of less developed countries like, India. Besides providing food for the nation, agriculture absorbs labor, provides saving, contributes to the market of industrial goods and earn overseas exchange. The present study attempted to examine the performance of Indian agriculture during post green revolution period and economic reform period. A semi-log model was used to calculate compound annual growth rate of major food and non-food crops. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the land use pattern change and cropping pattern change. Fertilizer use ratio was calculated to examine the judicious use of chemical fertilizers. Study findings reveal that though, green revolution moved out from the food crisis arisen in the early sixties in some extent, but it also brought regional disparities in the resources use, productivity and cropping pattern. Promotional price policy for some cash crops leads to scarcity in others. Change in an environmental factors, along with economic and technological factors are increasing degree of the vulnerability in farm profits in particular and the livelihood of farmers in general. The present study suggested following policy implications. First, there is need of ultramodern technology that provides up-to-date weather information. Second, government should promote home-made bio-fertilizers and organic farm practices. Third, an intensive survey should be carrying out to understand the farm requirement of marginal farmers and based on the feedback mechanism, technology would be develop. Fourth, private investors should be invited to develop a food chain mechanism to procure the food items at the time of harvesting and release in the off-cropping season for price stability. Lastly, India needs land reforms, in which, land consolidation and identification of real farmers should be given first priority.
Many Exciplex Systems Exhibit Organic Long‐Persistent Luminescence
Authors: Nishimura Naohiro , Lin Zesen , Jinnai Kazuya , Kabe Ryota , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOrganic long‐persistent luminescence (OLPL) is a long‐lasting luminescence from a photogenerated intermediated state, such as a charge separated state. Here, it is shown that many exciplex systems exhibit OLPL and that emission pathways of OLPL can be controlled by the relationship among local excited states and charge‐transfer excited states of materials.
Site‐Specific Synthesis of Silica Nanostructures on DNA Origami Templates
Authors: Shang Yingxu , Li Na , Liu Shengbo , Wang Ling , Wang Zhen‐Gang , Zhang Zhong , Ding Baoquan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDNA origami has been widely investigated as a template for the organization of various functional elements, leading to potential applications in many fields such as biosensing, nanoelectronics, and nanophotonics. However, the synthesis of inorganic nonmetallic nanomaterials with predesigned patterns using DNA origami templates has seldom been explored. Here, a novel method is reported to site‐specifically synthesize silica nanostructures with designed patterns on DNA origami templates. The molecular dynamic simulation confirms that the positively charged silica precursors have a stronger electrostatic affinity to protruding double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) than DNA origami surfaces. The work describes a novel strategy to fabricate silica nanostructures with nanoscale precision. Moreover, the site‐specific silicification of DNA nanoarchitectures expands the scope of customized synthesis of inorganic nonmetallic nanomaterials.
Heat Capacity and Thermal Damping Properties of Spin‐Crossover Molecules: A New Look at an Old Topic
Authors: Ridier Karl , Zhang Yuteng , Piedrahita‐Bello Mario , Quintero Carlos M. , Salmon Lionel , Molnár Gábor , Bergaud Christian , Bousseksou Azzedine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe thermally induced spin‐crossover (SCO) phenomenon in transition metal complexes is an entropy‐driven process, which has been extensively studied through calorimetric methods. Yet, the excess heat capacity associated with the molecular spin‐state switching has never been explored for practical applications. Herein, the thermal damping effect of an SCO film is experimentally assessed by monitoring the transient heating response of SCO‐coated metallic microwires, Joule‐heated by current pulses. A damping of the wire temperature, up to 10%, is evidenced on a time scale of tens of microseconds due to the spin‐state switching of the molecular film. Fast heat‐charging dynamics and negligible fatigability are demonstrated, which, together with the solid‐solid nature of the spin transition, appear as promising features for achieving thermal energy management applications in functional devices.
AIE‐Based Theranostic Probe for Sequential Imaging and Killing of Bacteria and Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Huang Letao , Jia Yongguang , Hu Rong , Gao Meng , Ren Li , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCancer initiation and progression is closely related to bacterial infection, which usually requires the simultaneous use of anticancer drugs and antibiotics in the clinic. However, the multiple use of chemodrugs significantly increases potential adverse effects. To tackle this challenge, theranostic agents with image‐guided dual therapy functions are highly desirable to treat both cancer and bacterial infection. Here, it is found that the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐Mito‐triphenylphosphonium (TPP) probe with AIE characteristics quickly kills Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative E. coli by increasing bacterial membrane permeability, and it subsequently kills cancer cells by disrupting mitochondrial functions. The sequential killing of bacteria and cancer cells can be monitored in situ using the turn‐on fluorescence of the AIE‐Mito‐TPP probe with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio. Therefore, the AIE‐Mito‐TPP probe is promising for imaging‐guided precise treatment of bacterial infection and related cancers.
Negative Thermal Quenching and Size‐Dependent Optical Characteristics of Highly Luminescent Phosphorene Nanocrystals
Authors: Jana Subhajit , Mukherjee Subhrajit , Ghorai Arup , Bhaktha Shivakiran B. N. , Ray Samit Kumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHighly luminescent and direct band gap black phosphorus (BP) nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized using a cost‐effective sonochemical exfoliation route are reported. Microscopic studies have confirmed the exfoliation of few‐layer nanoflakes and BP NCs with variable average size between ≈2 and ≈8 nm. Structural and vibrational characteristics reveal the superior crystalline quality by retaining the phase and crystalline symmetry in NCs. Size‐dependent absorption characteristics are observed by controlling the nanoparticle size and show a progressive blue shift near band edge absorption on reducing the size, useful for selective multicolor photodetection. Temperature‐dependent photoluminescence measurements from room temperature (300 K) down to 10 K are performed. Most interestingly, BP NCs with the lowest diameter exhibit a novel negative thermal quenching behavior as compared to positive thermal quenching observed usually in bulk semiconductors and BP NCs with larger diameter. Metal–semiconductor–metal type (Au/BP‐NCs/Au) photodetectors are fabricated to study their photoresponse properties, which reveal the potential application of BP NCs as optical modulators.
Facile and Green Route to Fabricate Bacterial Cellulose Membrane with Superwettability for Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Sai Huazheng , Jin Zhiqiang , Wang Yutong , Fu Rui , Wang Yaxiong , Ma Litong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe separation of oil–water mixtures by membranes with hydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity is an effective method. However, the fabrication of these oil–water separation membranes usually needs a complex chemical treatment process. In this study, a facile and green method to fabricate bacterial cellulose membranes (BCMs) with superwettability through one‐step filtration process without any further tedious and costly chemical modification for efficient oil–water separation is proposed. Owing to the ultrafine (20–80 nm in diameter) nanofiber structure and intrinsic hydrophilicity of bacterial cellulose (BC), BCMs with a 3D web‐like structure show superhydrophilicity in air (water contact angles about 0°) and underwater superoleophobicity (oils contact angles >150°). During the oil–water separation process, water permeates through BCMs quickly while oils remain at the BCMs' upper side. Furthermore, all separation processes present high separation efficiency (>99.7%) and high fluxes. In addition, two different models are proposed to describe the formation and microstructure of BCMs and how it affect the separation process. Thus, this work provides a facile and environment benign route for obtaining excellent separation membranes for oil‐polluted‐water treatment.
Multifunctional Highly Oleophobic and Superhydrophilic Fabric Coatings Prepared by Facile Photopolymerization
Authors: Chi Huanjie , Xu Zhiguang , Ma Yiping , Tang Tingting , Zhang Tao , Zhao Yan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, a facile approach through UV polymerization is developed for the preparation of highly oleophobic and superhydrophilic coating on polyester fabric by using short‐fluorochain acrylate (1H,1H,2H,2H‐tridecafluoro‐n‐octyl acrylate) together with hydrophilic monomer and crosslinker. The coated fabric has an oil contact angle of ≈146° for hexadecane and >150° for many other oils including cooking oil and engine oil. A water drop can completely spread on the fabric within 68 ms. As a result, oil drops on the fabric surface can be easily lifted off by immersion in water. Because of its selective wettability to water, the coated fabric can also be used for oil–water filtration or water absorption from bulk oil. It is further demonstrated that the coated fabric has good hygroscopic and antistatic properties. Fabrics with these functions may find applications including oil–water separation and especially functional clothing for which the oil repellency and easy oil removal are essential while the water repellency is less important. Antistatic properties as shown by this material, are also demanded, in areas such as work clothing for auto repair and oil industries.
Tailoring Selectivity of Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Generation by Tunable Pyrrolic‐Nitrogen‐Carbon
Authors: Li Laiquan , Tang Cheng , Zheng Yao , Xia Bingquan , Zhou Xianlong , Xu Haolan , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of O2 via a two‐electron reaction pathway to H2O2 provides a possibility for replacing the current anthraquinone process, enabling sustainable and decentralized H2O2 production. Here, a nitrogen‐rich few‐layered graphene (N‐FLG) with a tunable nitrogen configuration is developed for electrochemical H2O2 generation. A positive correlation between the content of pyrrolic‐N and the H2O2 selectivity is experimentally observed. The critical role of pyrrolic‐N is elucidated by the variable intermediate adsorption profiles as well as the dependent negative shifts of the pyrrolic‐N peak on X‐ray adsorption near edge structure spectra. By virtue of the optimized N doping configuration and the unique porous structure, the as‐fabricated N‐FLG electrocatalyst exhibits high selectivity toward electrochemical H2O2 synthesis as well as superior long‐term stability. To achieve high‐value products on both the anode and cathode with optimized energy efficiency, a practical device coupling electrochemical H2O2 generation and furfural oxidation is assembled, simultaneously enabling a high yield rate of H2O2 at the cathode (9.66 mol h−1 gcat−1) and 2‐furoic acid at the anode (2.076 mol m−2 h−1) under a small cell voltage of 1.8 V.
Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID‐19
Authors: Moein Shima T. , Hashemian Seyed MohammadReza , Mansourafshar Babak , Khorram‐Tousi Ali , Tabarsi Payam , Doty Richard L. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), is responsible for the largest pandemic since the 1918 influenza A virus subtype H1N1 influenza outbreak. The symptoms presently recognized by the World Health Organization are cough, fever, tiredness, and difficulty breathing. Patient‐reported smell and taste loss has been associated with COVID‐19 infection, yet no empirical olfactory testing on a cohort of COVID‐19 patients has been performed.MethodsThe University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), a well‐validated 40‐odorant test, was administered to 60 confirmed COVID‐19 inpatients and 60 age‐ and sex‐matched controls to assess the magnitude and frequency of their olfactory dysfunction. A mixed effects analysis of variance determined whether meaningful differences in test scores existed between the 2 groups and if the test scores were differentially influenced by sex.ResultsFifty‐nine (98%) of the 60 patients exhibited some smell dysfunction (mean [95% CI] UPSIT score: 20.98 [19.47, 22.48]; controls: 34.10 [33.31, 34.88]; p < 0.0001). Thirty‐five of the 60 patients (58%) were either anosmic (15/60; 25%) or severely microsmic (20/60; 33%); 16 exhibited moderate microsmia (16/60; 27%), 8 mild microsmia (8/60; 13%), and 1 normosmia (1/60; 2%). Deficits were evident for all 40 UPSIT odorants. No meaningful relationships between the test scores and sex, disease severity, or comorbidities were found.ConclusionQuantitative smell testing demonstrates that decreased smell function, but not always anosmia, is a major marker for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and suggests the possibility that smell testing may help, in some cases, to identify COVID‐19 patients in need of early treatment or quarantine.