bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of poly (lactic acid) through the incorporation of gum rosin and gum rosin derivative: Mechanical performance and hydrophobicity
Authors: De La Rosa‐Ramírez Harrison , Aldas Miguel , Ferri José Miguel , López‐Martínez Juan , Samper María Dolores 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe modification of PLA by melt compound with gum rosin (GR) and pentaerythritol ester of GR (PEGR) was investigated by studying the mechanical and thermal performance, blends morphology, wettability, and water absorption. Standard testing specimens for characterization were made at a variate resin content of 5, 10, and 15 part per hundred resin (phr) and manufactured by injection molding. It was found that GR and PEGR had a lubricating effect in PLA polymeric chains, resulting in a remarkable increase of 790 and 193% in melt flow index with only 5 phr GR and PEGR contents, respectively. A significant change in more than 10° of increasing water contact angle was observed for PLA with 15 phr PEGR. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that PEGR led to delayed PLA degradation/decomposition process to higher temperature, increasing the onset temperature (T5%) in more than 7°C for PLA with 15 phr PEGR.
Subjective feeling of re‐experiencing past events using immersive virtual reality prevents a loss of episodic memory
Authors: Bréchet Lucie , Hausmann Sebastien B. , Mange Robin , Herbelin Bruno , Blanke Olaf , Serino Andrea 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionPersonally meaningful past episodes, defined as episodic memories (EM), are subjectively re‐experienced from the natural perspective and location of one's own body, as described by bodily self‐consciousness (BSC). Neurobiological mechanisms of memory consolidation suggest how initially irrelevant episodes may be remembered, if related information makes them gain importance later in time, leading for instance, to a retroactive memory strengthening in humans.MethodsUsing an immersive virtual reality system, we were able to directly manipulate the presence or absence of one's body, which seems to prevent a loss of initially irrelevant, self‐unrelated past events.Results and ConclusionOur findings provide an evidence that personally meaningful memories of our past are not fixed, but may be strengthened by later events, and that body‐related integration is important for the successful recall of episodic memories.
Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Oxides in Confined Spaces: Status and Prospects
Authors: Zhao Zhongkui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOwing to the depletion of fossil reserves and the global warming by released greenhouse gas from the consumption of fossil resources, the catalytic conversion of carbon oxide (COx, including CO2 and CO) into fuels and high‐value chemicals has attracted tremendous interest in the field of catalysis. Developing high‐performance and practical catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability is of great importance but remains a huge challenge. A variety of new strategies were developed to take advantage of confinement effect to address the challenges that are relevant to the highly‐efficient transformation and utilization of COx by performing catalytic reactions in a confined space. The status on this issue can be divided into three aspects: improvement in catalytic activity, increase in catalytic selectivity and enhancement in catalytic stability. In this review, the progress in the field of promoted catalytic conversion of COx in confined spaces will be presented and discussed. Especially, the specific promoting mechanism in terms of the confinement effect for COx‐related transformations in confined spaces and the relationship between the impact of the confined space on the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability regarding of COx conversions are highlighted. Finally, the future prospects on the opportunities and challenges of catalytic conversion of COx in confined spaces are outlined.
Enzymatic Oxidation of Butane to 2‐Butanol in a Bubble Column
Authors: Perz Frederic , Bormann Sebastian , Ulber Roland , Alcalde Miguel , Bubenheim Paul , Hollmann Frank , Holtmann Dirk , Liese Andreas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnspecific peroxygenases have recently gained significant interest due to their ability to catalyse the hydroxylation of non‐activated C−H bonds using only hydrogen peroxide as a co‐substrate. However, the development of preparative processes has so far mostly concentrated on benzylic hydroxylations using liquid substrates. Herein, we demonstrate the application of a peroxygenase for the hydroxylation of the inert, gaseous substrate butane to 2‐butanol in a bubble column reactor. The influence of hydrogen peroxide feed rate and enzyme loading on product formation, overoxidation to butanone and catalytic efficiency is investigated at 200 mL scale. The process is scaled up to 2 L and coupled with continuous extraction. This setup allowed the production of 115 mmol 2‐butanol and 70 mmol butanone with an overall total turnover number (TTN) of over 15.000, thereby demonstrating the applicability of peroxygenases for preparative hydroxylation of such inert, gaseous substrates at mild reaction conditions.
Hexanoate‐Cucurbit[7]uril: Highly Soluble with Controlled Release Ability
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhang Jin , Yu Qun , Chen Yanru , Tan Yebang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent drug delivery systems gain more functions with increased complexity. With the idea of less is more, we synthesized hexanoate‐cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]C5COONa) with multiple promising features for drug delivery. The hexanoate group integrates multiple functions. It endows CB[7]C5COONa extremely high solubility of over 600 mg mL−1 and well‐defined pH‐controlled release ability without sacrificing on the high binding affinity of CB[7] cavity. Based on the pH‐controlled release ability, CB[7]C5COONa can be used for controlling the bioactivity of drug molecules. We anticipate that the strategy of function integration would be useful for the design of simple yet powerful drug delivery systems.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of Allylic Perfluoroalkanes from Alkenes
Authors: Barthelemy Anne‐Laure , Bourdreux F. , Dagousset Guillaume , Magnier Emmanuel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report herein a novel photoredox‐catalyzed synthesis of allylic trifluoromethanes. The use of sulfilimino iminium as a source of trifluoromethyl radicals proves crucial to achieving high selectivity. Importantly, both styrene derivatives and unactivated alkenes are for the first time suitable partners for this process. The mild reaction conditions are compatible with a variety of functional groups. Remarkably, this method is readily broadened to other perfluoroalkyl groups (RF=CFCl2, CF2Br, C4F9). An extensive mechanistic study is also provided.
Modulation of a Supramolecular Figure‐of‐Eight Strip Based on a Photoswitchable Stiff‐Stilbene
Authors: Costil Romain , Crespi Stefano , Pfeifer Lukas , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe preparation, assembly and dynamic properties of photoswitchable bisphosphine ligands based on the stiff‐stilbene scaffold are reported. Directional bonding and coordination‐induced assembly allow complexation of these ligands with palladium(II), resulting in the formation of discrete metallo‐supramolecular entities. While the Z isomer forms a simple bidentate metallo‐macrocycle, an intricate double helicate figure‐of‐eight dimer is observed with the E ligand. Topologically 3D complexes can thus be obtained from 2D ligands. Upon irradiation with UV light, isomerization of the ligands allows control of the architecture of the formed complexes, resulting in a light‐triggered modulation of the supramolecular topology. Furthermore, a mechanistic investigation unveiled the dynamic nature of the helicate chirality, where a transmission of motion from the palladium centers yields an „eight‐to‐eight“ inversion.
Enantioseparation of racemic amlodipine using immobilized ionic liquid by solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Zhong‐Qian , Zhu Hai , He Chao‐Hong , Wu Ke‐Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel l‐glutamate based immobilized chiral ionic liquid (SBA‐IL (Glu)) was prepared by chemical bonding method and applied as a solid sorbent for chiral separation of amlodipine. The performance of SBA‐IL (Glu) was investigated for the absorption of (S)‐amlodipine and separation of amlodipine enantiomer. The static experiment showed that equilibrium adsorption was achieved within 80 minutes, and the saturation adsorptions capacity was 12 mg/g. The complex was then packed in a glass chromatographic column for the separation of amlodipine and the enantiomeric excess (%ee) of (S)‐amlodipine reached 24.67%. The immobilized ionic liquids exhibit good reusability, and the separation efficiency remains 18.24% after reused five times, which allows potential scale‐up for the chiral separation of amlodipine.
Finding the Dose for Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis for COVID‐19: The Desperate Search for Effectiveness
Authors: Al‐Kofahi Mahmoud , Jacobson Pamala , Boulware David R. , Matas Arthur , Kandaswamy Raja , Jaber Mutaz M. , Rajasingham Radha , Young Jo‐Anne H. , Nicol Melanie R. 
Published: April 2020

Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial drug being tested as a potential treatment for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for COVID‐19 remains uncertain, it may serve as a potential prophylactic agent especially in those at high risk, such as healthcare workers, household contacts of infected patients, and the immunocompromised. Our aim was to identify possible hydroxychloroquine dosing regimens through simulation in those at high risk of infections by optimizing exposures above the in vitro generated half maximal effective concentration (EC50) and to help guide researchers in dose‐selection for COVID‐19 prophylactic studies. To maintain weekly troughs above EC50 in > 50% of subjects at steady‐state in a pre‐exposure prophylaxis setting, an 800 mg loading dose followed by 400 mg twice or 3 times weekly is required. In an exposure driven, post‐exposure prophylaxis setting, 800 mg loading dose followed in 6 hours by 600 mg, then 600 mg daily for 4 more days achieved daily troughs above EC50 in > 50% subjects. These doses are higher than recommended for malaria chemoprophylaxis, and clinical trials are needed to establish safety and efficacy.
Connectivity over a disease risk gradient enables recovery of rainforest frogs
Authors: Bell Sara C. , Heard Geoffrey W. , Berger Lee , Skerratt Lee F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChytridiomycosis has been a key driver of global frog declines and extinctions, particularly for high‐altitude populations across Australia and the Americas. While recent evidence shows some species are recovering, the extent of such recoveries and the mechanisms underpinning them remain poorly resolved. We surveyed the historical latitudinal and elevational range of four Australian rainforest frogs that disappeared from upland sites between 1989 and 1994 to establish their contemporary distribution and elevational limits, and investigate factors affecting population recovery. Five rainforest streams were surveyed from mountain‐base to summit (30 sites in total), with swabs collected from the target species (Litoria dayi, L. nannotis, L. rheocola, and L. serrata) to determine their infection status, and data loggers deployed to measure microclimatic variation across the elevational gradient. Infection probability increased with elevation and canopy cover as it was tightly and inversely correlated with stream‐side air temperature. Occupancy patterns suggest varying responses to this disease threat gradient. Two species, L. rheocola and L. serrata, were found over their full historical elevational range (≥1,000 m above sea level [asl]), while L. dayi was not detected above 400 m (formerly known up to 900 m asl) and L. nannotis was not detected above 800 m (formerly known up to 1,200 m asl). Site occupancy probability was negatively related to predicted infection prevalence for L. dayi, L. nannotis, and L. rheocola, but not L. serrata, which appears to now tolerate high fungal burdens. This study highlights the importance of environmental refuges and connectivity across disease risk gradients for the persistence and natural recovery of frogs susceptible to chytridiomycosis. Likewise, in documenting both interspecific variation in recovery rates and intraspecific differences between sites, this study suggests interactions between disease threats and host selection exist that could be manipulated. For example, translocations may be warranted where connectivity is poor or the increase in disease risk is too steep to allow recolonization, combined with assisted selection or use of founders from populations that have already undergone natural selection.
The effect of retrogradation time and ambient relative humidity on the quality of extruded oat noodles
Authors: Dong Rui , Niu Qianwen , Zhang Kailong , Hu Xinzhong , Bu Yu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCommercial process of oat noodles was mainly hindered by its lack of gluten and difficulty in forming dough. Extrusion could be an effective method to produce oat noodles by forming network of gelatinized starch, and noodle quality could be improved by regulating the retrogradation process. In this study, we produced oat noodles by two‐step extruding and investigated the effect of retrogradation treatment (retrogradation time and ambient relative humidity) on noodle properties. At each corresponding ambient relative humidity (RH), the starch crystallinity and enthalpy value increased, while setback value decreased, as well as noodle cooking loss was significantly improved as retrogradation time increased to 48 hr, and then decreased at 72 hr. At the same retrogradation time, the starch crystallinity, setback, and enthalpy value decreased to RH70% and then had a slight rise at RH80%, while noodle cooking loss with reversal trend. The retrogradation time of 48 hr and ambient RH of 60% could be an optimum treatment for effectively improving extruded oat noodle quality. Furthermore, multivariate data analysis indicated that samples at the same ambient RH tended to be clustered together. This study could provide basic knowledge for controlling processing condition of the extruded oat noodle.
Titanium Nitride Polyaniline Bilayer Coating for Metallic Bipolar Plates used in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Cooper L. , El‐Kharouf A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo materials, polyaniline (PANI) and titanium nitride (TiN), used for bipolar plate (BPP) coatings have each shown promise in improving the corrosion resistance and contact resistance, respectively, of metallic bipolar plates. Polyaniline was shown to provide a barrier for the bipolar plate and to effectively lower the corrosion currents observed in ex situ corrosion tests. However, the interfacial contact resistance (ICR) between polyaniline coatings and gas diffusion layer (GDL) is high and results in high electrical losses. On the other hand, TiN is reported to achieve good conductivity and in some cases improved corrosion resistance.The two materials have also been investigated together in a composite coating and showed promising results, but the contact resistance of the coating was still too high for use in a commercial fuel cell. In this study, the application of an additional layer of TiN over the TiN‐polyaniline composite coating (a bilayer coating) is investigated. Composite bilayered PANI TiN coatings were deposited upon SS316L substrates. The optimized coating achieved U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) targets with potentiostatic corrosion currents of ∼0.024 μA cm−2 and ICR values of 11.2 mΩ cm2. PANI polymerization was confirmed, using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and TiN loadings were investigated with energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy .
Optimizing your telemedicine visit during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Practice guidelines for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Prasad Aman , Brewster Ryan , Newman Jason G. , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 epidemic has resulted in many hospitals and practices to cancel in‐person outpatient clinic visits, where head and neck patients receive their critical longitudinal care. Out of necessity, most practices have been encouraged to use telemedicine as a method to maintain a continuum of care with their patients. As a result, the prevalence of telemedicine has grown rapidly during this pandemic, without allowing the physicians and patients to be adequately educated on how best to utilize the services. There is a steep learning curve as we have learned, and our goal is to provide guidelines for both patients and physicians, as well as a valuable patient handout in preparation for their visit.
Tripartite Motif‐Containing 27 Attenuates Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Suppressing Transforming Growth Factor β–Activated Kinase 1 (TAK1) by TAK1 Binding Protein 2/3 Degradation
Authors: Chen San‐Yang , Zhang Hua‐Peng , Li Jie , Shi Ji‐Hua , Tang Hong‐Wei , Zhang Yi , Zhang Jia‐Kai , Wen Pei‐Hao , Wang Zhi‐Hui , Shi Xiao‐Yi , He Yu‐Ting , Hu Bo‐Wen , Yang Han , Guo Wen‐Zhi , Zhang Shui‐Jun 
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims
Hepatic ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, which mainly involves inflammatory responses and apoptosis, is a common cause of organ dysfunction in liver transplantation (LT). As a critical mediator of inflammation and apoptosis in various cell types, the role of tripartite motif‐containing (TRIM) 27 in hepatic I/R injury remains worthy of study.

Approach and Results
This study systemically evaluated the putative role of TRIM27/transforming growth factor β–activated kinase 1 (TAK1)/JNK (c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase)/p38 signaling in hepatic I/R injury. TRIM27 expression was significantly down‐regulated in liver tissue from LT patients, mice subjected to hepatic I/R surgery, and hepatocytes challenged by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. Subsequently, using global Trim27 knockout mice (Trim27‐KO mice) and hepatocyte‐specific Trim27 transgenic mice (Trim27‐HTG mice), TRIM27 functions to ameliorate liver damage, reduce the inflammatory response, and prevent cell apoptosis. In parallel in vitro studies, activating TRIM27 also prevented H/R‐induced hepatocyte inflammation and apoptosis. Mechanistically, TRIM27 constitutively interacted with the critical components, TAK1 and TAK1 binding protein 2/3 (TAB2/3), and promoted the degradation of TAB2/3, leading to inactivation of TAK1 and the subsequent suppression of downstream JNK/p38 signaling.

Conclusions
TRIM27 is a key regulator of hepatic I/R injury by mediating the degradation of TAB2/3 and suppression of downstream TAK1‐JNK/p38 signaling. TRIM27 may be a promising approach to protect the liver against I/R‐mediated hepatocellular damage in transplant recipients.
A robust six‐miRNA prognostic signature for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Xinyuan , Cui Li 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a major health problem worldwide. We aimed to identify a robust microRNA (miRNA)‐based signature for predicting HNSCC prognosis. The miRNA expression profiles of HNSCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The TCGA HNSCC cohort was randomly divided into the discovery and validation cohort. A miRNA‐based prognostic signature was built up based on TGCA discovery cohort, and then further validated. The downstream targets of prognostic miRNAs were subjected to functional enrichment analyses. The role of miR‐1229‐3p, a prognosis‐related miRNA, in tumorigenesis of HNSCC was further evaluated. A total of 305 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were found between HNSCC samples and normal tissues. A six‐miRNA prognostic signature was constructed, which exhibited a strong association with overall survival (OS) in the TCGA discovery cohort. In addition, these findings were successfully confirmed in TCGA validation cohort and our own independent cohort. The miRNA‐based signature was demonstrated as an independent prognostic indicator for HNSCC. A risk signature‐based nomogram model was constructed and showed good performance for predicting the OS for HNSCC. The functional analyses revealed that the downstream targets of these prognostic miRNAs were closely linked to cancer progression. Mechanistically, in vitro analysis revealed that miR‐1229‐3p played a tumor promoting role in HNSCC. In conclusion, our study has developed a robust miRNA‐based signature for predicting the prognosis of HNSCC with high accuracy, which will contribute to improve the therapeutic outcome.
A novel role of VEPH1 in regulating AoSMC phenotypic switching
Authors: Shi Xiaofeng , Xu Caiming , Li Yongqi , Wang Han , Ma Wei , Tian Yu , Yang Haifeng , Li Lei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially lethal disease featured by focal dilatation in the aorta. The transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from a contractile/differentiated to a synthetic/dedifferentiated phenotype is considered to contribute to AAA formation and expansion. Our previous gene microarray data showed that Ventricular Zone Expressed PH Domain Containing 1 (VEPH1) expression increased in angiotensin II (Ang II)‐infused aortic tissues. This study was thus performed to further explore the role of VEPH1. Herein, we first demonstrate that VEPH1 increases in the SMCs of Ang II‐treated abdominal aortas. As in vivo, Ang II also upregulated VEPH1 expression in cultured hAoSMCs. The dedifferentiation of human aortic SMCs (hAoSMCs) was induced by a 24‐hr stimulation of Ang II (1 μM)—the expression of contractile SMC markers, MYH11 and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) decreased and that of synthetic markers, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Vimentin increased. Inhibition of VEPH1 prevented Ang II‐induced pathological dedifferentiation of hAoSMCs as indicated by the restored expression of MYH11 and α‐SMA. In contrast, the forced overexpression of VEPH1 aggravated Ang II's effects. Furthermore, we demonstrated that VEPH1 and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), a key regulator responsible for vascular SMC differentiation, negatively regulated each other's transcription. In contrast to VEPH1 silencing, its overexpression inhibited recombinant TGF‐β1‐induced increases in MYH11 and α‐SMA and suppressed Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation. Collectively, our study demonstrates that VEPH1 elevation promotes the synthetic phenotype switching of AoSMCs and suppressed the TGF‐β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Identification of VEPH1 as a pathogenic molecule for AAA formation provides novel insights into this disease.