bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bounds on CP-violating Higgs-gluon interactions: the case of vanishing light-quark Yukawa couplings
Authors: Haisch Ulrich , Hala Amando 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We investigate CP-violating interactions involving the Higgs boson and gluons within an effective field theory approach, focusing on the specific class of new-physics scenarios where the Yukawa couplings of light quarks are zero or strongly suppressed compared to the standard-model expectations. We compute the contributions of the most relevant higher-dimensional operators of Weinberg type to the electric dipole moment of the neutron (nEDM), which are induced by Feynman diagrams that involve an effective CP-violating Higgs-gluon coupling and top-quark loops. The resulting nEDM sensitivities and prospects are discussed and compared to the existing and expected LHC bounds. We find that future nEDM searches can set non-trivial constraints on CP-violating Higgs-gluon interactions even if the Higgs only couples to the third generation of quarks.
Testing the 2HDM explanation of the muon g – 2 anomaly at the LHC
Authors: Iguro Syuhei , Omura Yuji , Takeuchi Michihisa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The discrepancy between the measured value and the Standard Model pre- diction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment is one of the important issues in the particle physics. In this paper, we consider a two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) where the extra Higgs doublet couples to muon and tau in lepton flavor violating (LFV) way and the one-loop correction involving the scalars largely contributes to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. The couplings should be sizable to explain the discrepancy, so that the extra Higgs bosons would dominantly decay into μτ LFV modes, which makes the model testable at the LHC through multi-lepton signatures even though they are produced via the electroweak interaction. We discuss the current status and the future prospect for the extra Higgs searches at the LHC, and demonstrate the reconstruction of the mass spectrum using the multi-lepton events.
Back(reaction) to the future in the Unruh-de Sitter state
Authors: Aalsma Lars , Parikh Maulik , van der Schaar Jan Pieter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Motivated by black hole physics, we define the Unruh state for a scalar field in de Sitter space. Like the Bunch-Davies state, the Unruh-de Sitter state appears thermal to a static observer. However, it breaks some of the symmetries of de Sitter space. We calculate the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor in the Unruh-de Sitter state in two dimensions and find a non-vanishing flux of outgoing negative energy. Extrapolating the result to four dimensions, we argue that this backreacts on the initial de Sitter geometry semi-classically. Notably, we estimate that de Sitter space is destabilized on a timescale set by the gravitational entropy; analogous to black hole evaporation, the endpoint of this instability is a singular geometry outside the regime of effective field theory. Finally, we suggest that the Unruh-de Sitter state may be a natural initial state for patches of de Sitter space, and discuss the implications for slow-roll and eternal inflation, and for de Sitter thermodynamics.
Exotic massive 3D gravities from truncation
Authors: Afshar Hamid Reza , Deger Nihat Sadik 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTWe introduce a systematic way of constructing 3D exotic massive gravity theories in the first order formulation. Our method is based on truncating a single degree of freedom in the parity odd gravity models found earlier [1] and supplementing it with appropriate potential terms such that the resulting models have well-defined metric equations but their Bianchi identities are satisfied only on-shell. Hence, they are ‘third way’ consistent. We first re-derive two already known exotic theories using our approach and then construct an extended exotic massive gravity model whose metric field equation is sixth order in derivatives. We also explain how to check Bianchi identities using the first order formulation.
Sum rules for CP-violating operators of Weinberg type
Authors: Haisch Ulrich , Hala Amando 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We estimate the size of the hadronic matrix elements of CP-violating three-gluon and four-gluon Weinberg operators using sum-rule techniques. In the three-gluon case, we are able to reproduce the expressions given in earlier works, while the four-gluon results obtained in this article are new. Our paper therefore represents the first systematic study of contributions to the electric dipole moment of the neutron due to CP-violating dimension-six and dimension-eight operators. We provide many details on both the derivation of the sum rules as well as the analysis of the uncertainties that plague our final predictions.
Entanglement entropy and $$ T\overline{T} $$ deformations beyond antipodal points from holography
Authors: Grieninger Sebastian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We consider the entanglement entropies in dSd sliced (A)dSd+1 in the presence of a hard radial cutoff for 2 ≤ d ≤ 6. By considering a one parameter family of analytical solutions, parametrized by their turning point in the bulk r*, we are able to compute the entanglement entropy for generic intervals on the cutoff slice. It has been proposed that the field theory dual of this scenario is a strongly coupled CFT, deformed by a certain irrelevant deformation — the so-called $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation. Surprisingly, we find that we may write the entanglement entropies formally in the same way as the entanglement entropy for antipodal points on the sphere by introducing an effective radius Reff = R cos(βϵ), where R is the radius of the sphere and βϵ related to the length of the interval. Geometrically, this is equivalent to following the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

trajectory until the generic interval corresponds to antipodal points on the sphere. Finally, we check our results by comparing the asymptotic behavior (no Dirichlet wall present) with the results of Casini, Huerta and Myers. We then switch on counterterms on the cutoff slice which are important with regards to the field theory calculation. We explicitly compute the contributions of the counterterms to the entanglement entropy by considering the Wald entropy. In the second part of this work, we extend the field theory calculation of the entanglement entropy for antipodal points for a d-dimensional field theory in context of DS/dS holography. We find excellent agreement with the results from holography and show, in particular, that the effects of the counterterms in the field theory calculation match the Wald entropy associated with the counterterms on the gravity side.
Quantum corrections for D-brane models with broken supersymmetry
Authors: Buchmuller Wilfried , Dudas Emilian , Tatsuta Yoshiyuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntersecting D-brane models and their T-dual magnetic compactifications yield attractive models of particle physics where magnetic flux plays a twofold role, being the source of fermion chirality as well as supersymmetry breaking. A potential problem of these models is the appearance of tachyons which can only be avoided in certain regions of moduli space and in the presence of Wilson lines. We study the effective four-dimensional field theory for an orientifold compactification of type IIA string theory and the corresponding toroidal compactification of type I string theory. After determining the Kaluza-Klein and Landau-level towers of massive states in different sectors of the model, we evaluate their contributions to the one-loop effective potential, summing over all massive states, and we relate the result to the corresponding string partition functions. We find that the Wilson- line effective potential has only saddle points, and the theory is therefore driven to the tachyonic regime. There tachyon condensation takes place and chiral fermions acquire a mass of the order of the compactification scale. We also find evidence for a tachyonic behaviour of the volume moduli. More work on tachyon condensation is needed to clarify the connection between supersymmetry breaking, a chiral fermion spectrum and vacuum stability.
Neuroprotection of dopamine neurons by xenon against low-level excitotoxic insults is not reproduced by other noble gases
Authors: Le Nogue Déborah , Lavaur Jérémie , Milet Aude , Ramirez-Gil Juan Fernando , Katz Ira , Lemaire Marc , Farjot Géraldine , Hirsch Etienne C. , Michel Patrick Pierre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing midbrain cultures, we previously demonstrated that the noble gas xenon is robustly protective for dopamine (DA) neurons exposed to l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC), an inhibitor of glutamate uptake used to generate sustained, low-level excitotoxic insults. DA cell rescue was observed in conditions where the control atmosphere for cell culture was substituted with a gas mix, comprising the same amount of oxygen (20%) and carbon dioxide (5%) but 75% of xenon instead of nitrogen. In the present study, we first aimed to determine whether DA cell rescue against PDC remains detectable when concentrations of xenon are progressively reduced in the cell culture atmosphere. Besides, we also sought to compare the effect of xenon to that of other noble gases, including helium, neon and krypton. Our results show that the protective effect of xenon for DA neurons was concentration-dependent with an IC50 estimated at about 44%. We also established that none of the other noble gases tested in this study protected DA neurons from PDC-mediated insults. Xenon’s effectiveness was most probably due to its unique capacity to block NMDA glutamate receptors. Besides, mathematical modeling of gas diffusion in the culture medium revealed that the concentration reached by xenon at the cell layer level is the highest of all noble gases when neurodegeneration is underway. Altogether, our data suggest that xenon may be of potential therapeutic value in Parkinson disease, a chronic neurodegenerative condition where DA neurons appear vulnerable to slow excitotoxicity.
Clinical characteristics and long-term follow-up of seven cases of anti-GABABR encephalitis in patients of Han Chinese descent
Authors: Zeng Wei , Cao Liming , Zheng Jinou , Yu Lu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
To improve the diagnosis and treatment of anti-GABAB receptor (anti-GABABR) encephalitis and prevent misdiagnosis or non-diagnosis.

Methods
We retrospectively examined the chief clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination results, treatment strategies, treatment efficacy, and long-term follow-up results of seven consecutive patients with anti-GABABR encephalitis.

Results
Epileptic seizures were the first symptom in 100% of the patients; 85.7% had memory deficit in the hospital, 42.8% had residual symptoms of cognitive impairment at discharge, and 28.6% had cognitive impairment at the end of follow-up; 71.4% of the patients had psychosis in the hospital, 57.1% had residual symptoms of psychosis at discharge, and 14.3% still had psychosis at the end of follow-up. However, the clinical symptoms (psychiatric disorders, cognitive decline) and signs (consciousness disturbance) at onset and after follow-up were not significantly different (P > 0.05). In 71.4% of the patients, anti-GABABR antibody serum levels were higher than those in the cerebrospinal fluid (especially in patients with lung cancer). Magnetic resonance imaging in 71.4% of patients indicated that the marginal lobe demonstrated encephalitis lesions. The average modified Rankin Scale score (2.0 ± 2.31) at follow-up was significantly better than that (3.86 ± 0.90) at the time of admission (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The clinical characteristics of anti-GABABR encephalitis were refractory epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, and cognitive impairment. Multiple antiepileptic drugs are crucial for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Clinicians should eliminate the possibility of small-cell lung cancer in patients with high anti-GABABR antibody levels. Early active immunotherapy is effective, and the long-term prognosis is good for patients without tumors.
When misconceptions impede best practices: evidence supports biological control of invasive Phragmites
Authors: Blossey Bernd , Endriss Stacy B. , Casagrande Richard , Häfliger Patrick , Hinz Hariet , Dávalos Andrea , Brown-Lima Carrie , Tewksbury Lisa , Bourchier Robert S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDevelopment of a biological control program for invasivePhagmites australis australisin North America required 20 years of careful research, and consideration of management alternatives. A recent paper by Kiviat et al. (Biol Invasions 21:2529–2541, 2019.10.1007/s10530-019-02014-9) articulates opposition to this biocontrol program and questions the ethics and thoroughness of the researchers. Here we address inaccuracies and misleading statements presented in Kiviat et al. (2019), followed by a brief overview of why biological control targetingPhragmitesin North America can be implemented safely with little risk to native species. Similar to our colleagues, we are very concerned about the risks invasivePhragmitesrepresent to North American habitats. But to protect those habitats and the species, includingP. australis americanus, we come to a different decision regarding biological control. Current management techniques have not been able to reverse the invasiveness ofP. australis australis, threats to native rare and endangered species continue, and large-scale herbicide campaigns are not only costly, but also represent threats to non-target species. We see implementation of biocontrol as the best hope for managing one of the most problematic invasive plants in North America. After extensive review, our petition to release two host specific stem miners was approved by The Technical Advisory Group for the Release of Biological Control Agents in the US and Canadian federal authorities.
The politics of accountability
Authors: Ozga Jenny 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper draws on recent research in Europe and England to discuss the politics of accountability. It is suggested that, as policies in education are increasingly focused on delivering technical-managerial accountability, that is accountability understood as evidenced in international, national, institutional and individual comparative measures of performance, so the shifting power relations of system redesign supported by data use are concealed and suppressed. System redesign is promoted by ‘networked’ governance and the de-centred state, in institutional ‘freedom’ from bureaucracy, in the de-professionalisation of public sector workers, in the proliferation of managers, in the redefinition of citizens as consumers. The implications of such reforms for politics are profound, as political legitimacy is a fundamental precondition for the sustainability of the welfare state and welfare state organizations are dependent on active political processes of producing legitimacy and political accountability.
Using technology to bring online convenience to offline shopping
Authors: Dekimpe Marnik G. , Geyskens Inge , Gielens Katrijn 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn spite of the growing success of the online channel, brick-and-mortar stores can continue to play a pivotal role in consumers’ shopper journey. We discuss how technology can be a key enabler by allowing physical stores to offer the level of convenience consumers have become used to in the online channel.
Observed discordance between outcomes reported by acromegaly patients and their treating endocrinology medical provider
Authors: Geer Eliza B. , Sisco Jill , Adelman Daphne T. , Ludlam William H. , Haviv Asi , Gelbaum Dana , Liu Shuqian , Mathias Susan D. , Shi Lizheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Acromegaly patients, even those with IGF-1 values within the normal range receiving somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs), often suffer from significant symptoms. It is not known to what extent patients’ medical providers are aware of the frequency and severity of acromegaly symptoms or level of treatment satisfaction with SRLs. This study sought to examine the concordance between outcomes reported by acromegaly patients treated with long-acting SRLs and those perceived by their medical provider.

Methods
US acromegaly patients on a stable dose of SRL and seen by their medical provider in the past year completed an online survey which included the Acro-TSQ. Their medical providers were interviewed about the perception of their patient’s symptoms, level of control, and general health, and completed relevant portions of the Acro-TSQ. Concordance between patient and medical provider reported data was examined.

Results
Medical providers reported that their patients experienced acromegaly symptoms on a regular basis, however, there was poor agreement between patients and medical providers on the frequency, severity, and pattern of symptoms, as well as on the severity of injection site reactions and multiple domains of the Acro-TSQ, with patients generally reporting symptoms and injection site reactions more often and with higher severity than medical providers.

Conclusions
Medical providers were aware that their patients who were receiving a stable dose of SRL regularly experienced acromegaly symptoms. Addressing discordance in patient- and medical provider-reported frequency and severity of acromegaly symptoms and injection site reactions by facilitating better communication may improve care of acromegaly patients.
Re-assessment of phosphorus availability in fens with varying contents of iron and calcium
Authors: Kooijman A. M. , Cusell C. , Hedenäs L. , Lamers L. P. M. , Mettrop I. S. , Neijmeijer T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aim
To further unravel P availability in mineral-rich fens, and test whether high Fe in the soil would lead to low P availability to the vegetation.

Methods
Mesotrophic fens were selected over gradients in Ca and Fe in central Sweden and the Netherlands, to study characteristics of vegetation, pore water and peat soil, including inorganic and organic forms of P, Fe and Al.

Results
Soil Fe was more important than region or soil Ca, and P availability to the vegetation increased from Fe-poor to Fe-rich fens. Contrary to expectations, precipitation of iron phosphates played a minor role in Fe-rich fens. Fe-rich fens were P-rich for three reasons: (1) high P sorption capacity, (2) relatively weak sorption to Fe-OM complexes and (3) high amounts of sorbed organic P, which probably consists of labile P. Also, nonmycorrhizal wetland plants probably especially take up weakly sorbed (organic) P. However, high P did not lead to high biomass or low plant diversity. Fe-rich fens were limited by other nutrients, and high P may help protect the vegetation against Fe-toxicity.

Conclusions
Fe-poor fens are P-poor, irrespective of Ca, and Fe-rich fens P-rich even under mesotrophic conditions. However, high P itself does not endanger Fe-rich fens.
Quantifying citrate-enhanced phosphate root uptake using microdialysis
Authors: McKay Fletcher D. M. , Shaw R. , Sánchez-Rodríguez A. R. , Daly K. R. , van Veelen A. , Jones D. L. , Roose T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aims
Organic acid exudation by plant roots is thought to promote phosphate (P) solubilisation and bioavailability in soils with poorly available nutrients. Here we describe a new combined experimental (microdialysis) and modelling approach to quantify citrate-enhanced P desorption and its importance for root P uptake.

Methods
To mimic the rhizosphere, microdialysis probes were placed in soil and perfused with citrate solutions (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mM) and the amount of P recovered from soil used to quantify rhizosphere P availability. Parameters in a mathematical model describing probe P uptake, citrate exudation, P movement and citrate-enhanced desorption were fit to the experimental data. These parameters were used in a model of a root which exuded citrate and absorbed P. The importance of soil citrate-P mobilisation for root P uptake was then quantified using this model.

Results
A plant needs to exude citrate at a rate of 0.73 μmol cm−1 of root h−1 to see a significant increase in P absorption. Microdialysis probes with citrate in the perfusate were shown to absorb similar quantities of P to an exuding root.

Conclusion
A single root exuding citrate at a typical rate (4.3 × 10−5 μmol m−1 of root h−1) did not contribute significantly to P uptake. Microdialysis probes show promise for measuring rhizosphere processes when calibration experiments and mathematical modelling are used to decouple microdialysis and rhizosphere mechanisms.
Estimating a combined Moho model for marine areas via satellite altimetric - gravity and seismic crustal models
Authors: Abrehdary Majid , Sjöberg Lars E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIsostasy is a key concept in geoscience in interpreting the state of mass balance between the Earth’s lithosphere and viscous asthenosphere. A more satisfactory test of isostasy is to determine the depth to and density contrast between crust and mantle at the Moho discontinuity (Moho). Generally, the Moho can be mapped by seismic information, but the limited coverage of such data over large portions of the world (in particular at seas) and economic considerations make a combined gravimetric-seismic method a more realistic approach. The determination of a high-resolution of the Moho constituents for marine areas requires the combination of gravimetric and seismic data to diminish substantially the seismic data gaps. In this study, we estimate the Moho constituents globally for ocean regions to a resolution of 1° × 1° by applying the Vening Meinesz-Moritz method from gravimetric data and combine it with estimates derived from seismic data in a new model named COMHV19. The data files of GMG14 satellite altimetry-derived marine gravity field, the Earth2014 Earth topographic/bathymetric model, CRUST1.0 and CRUST19 crustal seismic models are used in a least-squares procedure. The numerical computations show that the Moho depths range from 7.3 km (in Kolbeinsey Ridge) to 52.6 km (in the Gulf of Bothnia) with a global average of 16.4 km and standard deviation of the order of 7.5 km. Estimated Moho density contrasts vary between 20 kg m-3 (north of Iceland) to 570 kg m-3 (in Baltic Sea), with a global average of 313.7 kg m-3 and standard deviation of the order of 77.4 kg m-3. When comparing the computed Moho depths with current knowledge of crustal structure, they are generally found to be in good agreement with other crustal models. However, in certain regions, such as oceanic spreading ridges and hot spots, we generally obtain thinner crust than proposed by other models, which is likely the result of improvements in the new model. We also see evidence for thickening of oceanic crust with increasing age. Hence, the new combined Moho model is able to image rather reliable information in most of the oceanic areas, in particular in ocean ridges, which are important features in ocean basins.