bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working nights and lower leisure-time physical activity associate with chronic pain in Southern African long-distance truck drivers: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wadley Antonia L. , Iacovides Stella , Roche Johanna , Scheuermaier Karine , Venter W. D. Francois , Vos Alinda G. , Lalla-Edward Samanta T. 
Published: December 2020

Background
In South Africa, the trucking industry employs over 70,000 people and the prevalence of chronic pain in this occupational group was reported at 10%. We investigated factors associated with chronic pain in truck drivers including mental health, physical activity, and sleep, as no study has done so.

Methods
Southern African male, long-distance truck drivers were recruited at truck stops in Gauteng and Free State Provinces, South Africa (n = 614). Chronic pain was defined as pain present for at least the last three months. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, post-traumatic stress disorder with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), exposure to traumatic events with the Life Events Checklist-5 (LEC-5) and daytime sleepiness with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep quality was measured on a four-point Likert scale. Leisure-time physical activity was measured using the Godin-Shephard leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. Associations between these factors, demographic factors and chronic pain were investigated.

Results
Multivariate analysis showed that working ≥ 2 nights/week (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.55–4.68) was associated with chronic pain and physical activity was protective (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.98). In an exploratory analysis, greater depressive symptoms (p = 0.004), daytime sleepiness (p = 0.01) and worse sleep quality (p = 0.001) was associated with working ≥ 2 nights/week. Lower leisure-time physical activity was associated with worse sleep quality (p = 0.006), but not daytime sleepiness or depressive symptoms (p>0.05).

Conclusions
There is a clear relationship between working nights and activity levels, and chronic pain, sleep quality, and depression in truck drivers.
Profile of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - A Hospital-based observational study in Coastal Karnataka
Authors: Arora Esha , Korada Hrishikesh , Devasia Tom , Bhat Rama , Kamath Ganesh , Maiya Arun 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) is one of the common non-invasive diagnostic tools available for diagnosing Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). However, it has been observed that for an individual diagnosed with both PAD and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), ABI tends to give false diagnostic value because of the calcification of the major lower limb arteries. Therefore, the health care professionals are at times misled for the diagnosis of PAD. To overcome this another diagnostic tool Toe Brachial Index (TBI) was suggested to perform. However, there is limited literature on performing both ABI and TBI in the given population in a single study.Aim:The main focus of this study is to report the profile of ABI and TBI along with classical symptoms like claudication pain, palpation of pulse and history of T2DM for the screening and diagnosis of PAD in T2DM.Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, a total of 121 participants diagnosed with T2DM were recruited for the study as per the inclusion criteria. Detailed demographic details of the participants were noted. Diagnostic tool including both ABI and TBI were performed for all the participants and the data was analysed.Results:Among 121 participants, only 3 participants had both ABI and TBI positive indicating positive diagnostic test for PAD and 106 participants had both ABI and TBI negative. However, in the remaining 12 participants, 10 showed TBI positive but ABI negative and 2 had ABI positive but TBI negative.Conclusions: Based on our study we have reported the profile of PAD in T2DM individuals, which is found to be 10.75.%. Therefore, it can be concluded that ABI and TBI both should be performed to rule out any complication. This will be beneficial in early screening and detection of neuro ischemic changes in foot and subsequently to prevent amputation.
Technical Equipment of Agriculture and the Problems of the Agricultural Sector Rehabilitation in the Context of Kazakhstan and Mongolia
Authors: TOKENOVA S. M. , КULEKESHOVA A. B. , AYTKHOZHINA А. Е. 
Published: December 2020

Today, not only large agro-industrial structures are engaged in the production of agricultural products in the Republic of Kazakhstan, but also medium-sized commodity producers and farming enterprises, whose contribution to the volume of gross production annually grows by an average of 10%. Agriculture today has a significant impact on the entire socio-economic situation in the region. In the regional economy, the share of agriculture in the production of the gross domestic product is 33.8%, and its share in the republican production is 17.2%. The basis of agro-industrial production is grain farming. The main challenging issues of commodity producers in Kazakhstan are presented. Low-reliability rates of agricultural machinery are observed. The cars of the CIS republics are inferior to the best foreign alternatives by 3-5 and more times.
The sustainable development of agriculture largely depends on the level of its technical equipment. The article assesses the current state of technological infrastructure on materials of agricultural organizations of Kazakhstan and Mongolia from the perspective of their availability, the structure of fixed production assets, the wear-and-tear indicators of farming equipment are shown. Therefore, the problem of the agricultural machinery renewal is one of the most relevant and topical issues, since it is difficult to be competitive in the country without modern and updated equipment.
Based on the analysis, the necessity to strengthen government incentives for technical support is substantiated as a necessary condition for overcoming the agrarian crisis. In turn, the support for updating the technological capacity of agricultural organizations will affect the effectiveness of all other types of state support.
The Effect of Forward Leaning and Pursed Lips Breathing Exercises on The Value of Oxygen Saturation in Adult Smokers
Authors: Amin Muhammad Nurul , Setiawati Erna , Putri Rahmi Isma Asmara , Hendrianingtyas Meita 
Published: December 2020

Background: Smoking which is a lifestyle trend continues to increase and take its toll each year. Cigarettes have chemical compounds. Which has toxic and carcinogenic effects that can cause respiratory, cardiovascular, and other irritants. This can affect the distribution of oxygen to the body tissues. Forward leaning and PLB exercises can help maximize breathing thereby improving tissue oxygen distribution. Objective: To determine the differences in oxygen saturation of adult smokers before and after practice forward leaning and pursed lips breathing.Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental method with two group pre-post test design. The research subjects were 20 male respondents, the place of implementation at the Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang. Research procedures included CKD and PLB exercises in the respondent group.Results: Analysis using the Wilcoxon test obtained significant results, with p values <0.05 on acute and chronic effects after CKD and PLB exercises were performed on 20 respondents Conclusion: A significant result in the oxygen saturation value of the group with PLB and CKD treatment with the PLB group before and after exercise on acute and chronic effects in adult smokers
Vidnesbyrdlitteraturens stille stemmer
Authors: Karlskov Skyggebjerg Anna 
Published: December 2020

The Silent Voices of Witness Literature. Refugee Crisis in Danish Children’s Literature since 2015
In 2015, Europe experienced the most massive refugee crisis since World War II. This crisis has been reflected in different kinds of art from poetry to picturebooks. In Denmark as well as in other countries, a number of children’s books has been published about the war in Syria and Syrian and other war refugees. These books have a common ground in sharing knowledge about violence, escape and death. Although fleeing is a known topic and the death of a child character is not an unusual event in children’s books (Clement and Jamali), it may be difficult or even controversial to address traumatizing war experiences and death in works for relatively young readers. Very few refugee children are able to tell their stories themselves since they are eithertoo small, displaced in language, traumatized or even dead (Nel). These children’s stories tend to be represented by others (authors and illustrators) who strive to imagine and bear witness to their situation in an artificial language. In this article, three Danish children’s books by widely acknowledged authors and illustrators are chosen as examples of fictional interpretations of refugee children’s experiences. The texts are diverse in genres and target groups and the stories are told with different levels of realism and fantasy, but they are allconnected to the same theme and context. What and how do these contemporary authors and illustrators tell us about refugees and their experiences, and how are they able to represent or bear witness to the experiences of the child victims who are silenced? The theoretical background of this study is Giorgio Agamben’s theory about witness literature and lacunas in language (Agamben; Engdahl ”Philomelas tunge”).
Starvation Responses Throughout theCaenorhabditis elegansLife Cycle
Authors: Baugh L Ryan , Hu Patrick J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans survives on ephemeral food sources in the wild, and the species has a variety of adaptive responses to starvation. These features of its life history make the worm a powerful model for studying developmental, behavioral, and metabolic starvation responses. Starvation resistance is fundamental to life in the wild, and it is relevant to aging and common diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Worms respond to acute starvation at different times in the life cycle by arresting development and altering gene expression and metabolism. They also anticipate starvation during early larval development, engaging an alternative developmental program resulting in dauer diapause. By arresting development, these responses postpone growth and reproduction until feeding resumes. A common set of signaling pathways mediates systemic regulation of development in each context but with important distinctions. Several aspects of behavior, including feeding, foraging, taxis, egg laying, sleep, and associative learning, are also affected by starvation. A variety of conserved signaling, gene regulatory, and metabolic mechanisms support adaptation to starvation. Early life starvation can have persistent effects on adults and their descendants. With its short generation time, C. elegans is an ideal model for studying maternal provisioning, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, and developmental origins of adult health and disease in humans. This review provides a comprehensive overview of starvation responses throughout the C. elegans life cycle.
John W. (Jan) Drake: A Biochemical View of a Geneticist Par Excellence
Authors: Reha-Krantz Linda J , Goodman Myron F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
John W. Drake died February 2, 2020, a mathematical palindrome, which he would have enjoyed, given his love of “word play and logic,” as stated in his obituary, and echoed by his family.....
Patógenos bacterianos y su resistencia a los antimicrobianos en los cultivos de tilapia en Guatemala
Authors: García-Pérez Josué , Ulloa-Rojas Juan B. , Mendoza-Elvira Susana 
Published: December 2020

Este estudio muestra el trabajo realizado durante el año 2018-2019, donde se identificaron los principales patógenos bacterianos que afectan los cultivos de la tilapia en Guatemala, al mismo tiempo se evaluó la resistencia a los antibióticos de mayor uso en la industria acuícola de esta zona. Se recolectaron peces con peso de 50 a 1 000 g, en diversos centros de producción. Por cada organismo se registró la signología macroscópica externa e interna más frecuente, posteriormente se aislaron muestras bacteriológicas de fluido sanguíneo, úlceras y otras áreas hemorrágicas, riñón anterior, bazo, meninges, hígado y corazón. Las bacterias patógenas aisladas fueron identificadas a nivel de especie, a través de pruebas bioquímicas. Finalmente se evaluó la susceptibilidad con los antibióticos: oxitetraciclina (40 µg), florfenicol (40 µg), enrofloxacina (40 µg) y fosfomicina (40 µg) por el método de difusión de disco. Los organismos evidenciaron, en su mayoría, ulceras cutáneas, áreas hiperémicas, melanización corporal, hígado pálido y friable, vasculitis en hígado, congestión y hemorragia intestinal. Se lograron aislar 16 cepas bacterianas patógenas para la tilapia, los géneros más frecuentes fueron: Aeromonas (70 %: 3 spp), seguido por Plesiomonas, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Shewanella y Streptococcus (6 %: 1 sp). Se observó que las cepas bacterianas aisladas mostraron resistencia hacia los antibióticos oxitetraciclina (25 %) y fosfomicina (25 %). Todas las cepas bacterianas aisladas evidenciaron sensibilidad a florfenicol y enrofloxacina. La determinación de los patógenos más frecuentes, así como su resistencia antimicrobiana en la industria acuícola, es el primer reporte que se genera para Guatemala.
Quenching of singlet oxygen by natural and synthetic antioxidants and assessment of electronic UV/Visible absorption spectra for alleviating or enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic therapy
Authors: Fatima Kaneez , Masood Nusrat , Luqman Suaib 
Published: December 2020

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the methods involved in cancer therapy exploiting singlet oxygen as a weapon to kill cancer cells. Singlet oxygen, a bizarre reactive oxygen species as it is not related to electron transfer to O2 but it is one of the most active intermediate involved in biochemical reactions as it directly reacts with all the major macromolecules like DNA, protein, lipids etc, various photosensitized oxidations and in the photodegradation of dyes and polymers. Recent studies about the usage of antioxidant along with the photo-sensitizer involved in photodynamic therapy have shown concentration- dependent dual behavior like usually it retards the efficacy of PDT but at a higher dose mostly, it actually enhances the damaging effect of PDT. The natural and synthetic antioxidants are being used in our day to day life in order to increase the shelf life of various food ingredients and processed foods. In this paper, we have compared natural and synthetic antioxidants along with the known singlet oxygen quencher (DABCO) in order to understand the quenching potential of singlet oxygen (1O2) which is lowest electronically excited state of molecular oxygen. The singlet oxygen can be artificially generated through various methods such as sunlight, phosphate, ozonides, NaOCl & H2O2 etc. We have studied the mechanisms of the few antioxidant effects on the bleaching of RNO linked with the energy decay of 1O2 produced by the Mallet reaction (H2O2+HOCl → HCl+H2O+1O2). β-Carotene, α-Tocopherol, Ascorbic acid and Quercetin exhibited best dose-dependent singlet quenching ranging from 92.3 to 56.5 % at 100μM among others. Overall singlet oxygen is a major concern of light-related properties so we have analyzed the theoretical aspect of electronic UV/visible absorption spectra of the antioxidants studied through ZINDO CI semi-empirical Hamiltonian method. We have compared only the first singlet state of molecules in order to understand whether the structure of the molecules has any influence on the quenching potential. Considering the main features associated with singlet states, we have seen a drastic correlation between known sensitizer of singlet oxygen, i.e. Rose Bengal and DABCO, known scavenger of singlet oxygen in terms of energy and wavelength. This study is important as it highlights the behavior of antioxidant which can improve the effects of photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy.
A Quality Improvement Initiative To Improve Postdischarge Antimicrobial Adherence
Authors: Gupta Sheena , Winckler Britanny , Lopez Michelle A. , Costilla Marco , McCarthy Jennifer , Wagner Jeffrey , Broderick Amanda , French Katherine , Le Brittany , Lo Huay-ying 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Bedside delivery of discharge medications improves caregiver understanding and experience. Less is known about its impact on medication adherence. We aimed to improve antimicrobial adherence by increasing on-time first home doses for patients discharged from the pediatric hospital medicine service from 33% to 80% over 1 year via creation of a discharge medication delivery and counseling “Meds to Beds” (M2B) program.

METHODS:
Using sequential plan-do-study-act cycles, an interprofessional workgroup implemented M2B on select pediatric hospital medicine units at our quaternary children’s hospital from October 2017 through December 2018. Scripted telephone surveys were conducted with caregivers of patients prescribed antimicrobial agents at discharge. The primary outcome measure was on-time administration of the first home antimicrobial dose, defined as a dose given within the time of the inpatient dose equivalent plus 25%. Process measures primarily assessed caregiver report of barriers to adherence. Run charts, statistical process control charts, and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.

RESULTS:
Caregiver survey response rate was 35% (207 of 585). Median on-time first home antimicrobial doses increased from 33% to 67% (P &lt; .001). Forty percent of M2B prescriptions were adjusted before discharge because of financial or insurance barriers. M2B participants reported significantly less difficulty in obtaining medications compared with nonparticipants (1% vs 17%, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The M2B program successfully increased parental report of timely administration of first home antimicrobial doses, a component of overall adherence. The program enabled providers to identify and resolve prescription problems before discharge. Importantly, caregivers reported reduced barriers to medication adherence.
Rapid quality assessment of bread using developed multivariate models: A simple predictive modeling approach
Authors: Pahlavan Aidin , Kamani Mohammad Hassan , Elhamirad Amir Hossein , Sheikholeslami Zahra , Armin Mohammad , Amani Hanieh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study was focused on the assessment of relationships among the properties of wheat and their resultant flour, dough and final bread. For this purpose, multivariate linear regression in the form of the step-wise algorithm was applied to evaluate the relation among the flour characteristics of wheat with quality of dough and the final breads (Barbari and Lavash). The results showed that variety of wheat (Orum, Pishgam, and Zareh) could not affect the moisture content and quantity of the flour residue; however, considerable variation was observed on protein content and Zeleny number. The multivariate regression analysis built appropriate models to predict the hardness of the Barbari bread (R2 = 0.98) and specific volume of the Lavash bread (R2 = 0.98). Overall, the results indicated that the regression models in the form of step-wise might be useful as a non-destructive technique for assessing quality of bread.
The effect of hydrothermal treatment on industrial wastewater: Hungary as a case study
Authors: Al Ramahi Mahmood , Beszédes Sándor , Keszthelyi-Szabó Gábor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndustrial wastewater is a growing environmental challenge due to its high concentrations of organics and its limited biological degradability. Up to date, however, no published work discussed industrial wastewater characterization, which is the focus of this study. Moreover, the effect of hydrothermal treatment on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) release was investigated in this work. Wastewater samples were collected from different industrial sites and characterized in order to determine their initial properties. It was summarized that the salinity of wastewater estimated by EC was relatively low, and its pH values were in the acceptable range. On the other hand, however, high values of sodium absorption ratio (SAR) were obtained in all samples post to hydrothermal treatment. Nonetheless, our results revealed higher SCOD release post to hydrothermal treatment suggesting better efficiency of COD removal obtained by this treatment technique.
Analysis of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) berry shape by using elliptic Fourier descriptors
Authors: Bodor P. , Somogyi E. , Baranyai L. , Lázár J. , Bálo B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGrapevine berry shape has important marketing value in the table grape commerce, hence variability evaluation of this characteristic is highly important. In this study berry shape of 5 table grape genotypes: “Fanny”, “Lidi”, “Hamburgi muskotály”, “Moldova”, and “Orsi” were compared. To evaluate the shape variability graphic reconstruction and elliptic Fourier analysis have been carried out. Shape outlines have been investigated and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been performed with the SHAPE software package. PCA of the contours showed that 6 out of the 77 principal components were effective to describe shape attributes. The first 6 PCs explained 94.51% of the total variance. PC1 associated with the width and length of the berry. PC2 related to the shape of the top and bottom of the berries, while PC3 linked to the ratio of the top and the bottom width. ANOVA of the principal component scores revealed significant difference among the genotypes. Results suggest that morphology of the berry is a variable not only among but within the accessions. Our findings confirmed that elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs) would be a powerful tool for quantifying grapevine berry morphological diversity.
Comparing microwave and convective heat treatment methods by applying colour parameters of wine
Authors: Korzenszky Péter , Géczi Gábor , Kaszab Timea 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research aims to determine whether the treatment of food products in a microwave electromagnetic field is advantageous or disadvantageous compared to conventional technologies. In household practice, microwave energy transfer is used mostly for heating. One of the most important tangible benefits of microwave heat treatment is that it causes less damage to the nutritional value of the product due to its speed.Despite the fact that microwave technology was introduced more than 70 years ago, it is still not clear whether its application results in equivalent products in terms of quality and food safety.This study demonstrates how heat-treated wines with microwave energy transmission and with convective heating in a thermostatic water bath are affected. In the white, rose and red wine samples pasteurized at a temperature of 74 ± 0.5 °C, significant differences between the two heating methods regarding colour characteristics could be indicated.