bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Effects of Linking Cap-and-Trade Systems for $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ Emissions
Authors: Holtsmark Bjart , Weitzman Martin L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLinkage of national cap-and-trade systems is typically advocated by economists on a general analogy with the beneficial linkage of free-trade areas and on the specific grounds that linkage will ensure cost effectiveness among the linked jurisdictions. The paper analyses the less obvious effects of linkage with the bottom–up approach of the Paris Agreement where each country sets its nationally determined contribution for its own carbon dioxide ($$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2) emissions. An appropriate and widely accepted specification for the damages of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 emissions within a relatively short (say 5–10 year) period is that marginal damages for each jurisdiction are constant (although they can differ among jurisdictions). With this defensible assumption, the analysis is significantly clarified and yields simple closed-form expressions for all $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 permit prices. Some implications for linked and unlinked voluntary $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$CO2 cap-and-trade systems are derived and discussed. A numerical example illustrates the results.
Effects of temperature on food isotopic integrity and trophic fractionation in Chironomus riparius in laboratory experiments
Authors: Belle Simon , Hiltunen Evelina , Nilsson Jenny L. , Goedkoop Willem 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOur experimental study was designed to assess the effects of temperature on food isotopic integrity and trophic fractionations (of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes: Δ13C and Δ15N) in chironomid larvae. A laboratory experiment was run using Chironomus riparius larvae at 15, 18 and 23°C, and under three pulverized food resources. There were significant changes in the stable isotopic composition of the uneaten food, revealing the difficulty of preventing food microbial degradation in rearing experiments. C/N ratios of chironomid larvae were also affected by temperature, regardless of the food resource, suggesting changes in lipid contents and associated effects on the larval δ13C values. Therefore, differences in calculation methods (with vs. without lipid normalizations, fresh vs. old food isotopic baselines) induced large variability in Δ13C and Δ15N values, but our trophic fractionation estimates were similar to those previously reported in literature. Therefore, we conclude that temperature is not a major driver of the variability in trophic fractionations for chironomid larvae, and stable isotope composition of aquatic consumers can be used in food webs studies under changing temperature conditions. Variability in trophic fractionation estimates should, however, be considered to avoid misinterpretations of food web structure.
Latitudinal, seasonal and depth-dependent variation in growth, chemical composition and biofouling of cultivated Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) along the Norwegian coast
Authors: Forbord Silje , Matsson Sanna , Brodahl Guri E. , Bluhm Bodil A. , Broch Ole Jacob , Handå Aleksander , Metaxas Anna , Skjermo Jorunn , Steinhovden Kristine Braaten , Olsen Yngvar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Norwegian coastline covers more than 10° in latitude and provides a range in abiotic and biotic conditions for seaweed farming. In this study, we compared the effects of cultivation depth and season on the increase in biomass (frond length and biomass yield), chemical composition (protein, tissue nitrogen, intracellular nitrate and ash content) and biofouling (total cover and species composition) of cultivatedSaccharina latissimaat nine locations along a latitudinal gradient from 58 to 69° N. The effects of light and temperature on frond length and biofouling were evaluated along with their relevance for selecting optimal cultivation sites. Growth was greater at 1–2 m than at 8–9 m depth and showed large differences among locations, mainly in relation to local salinity levels. Maximum frond lengths varied between 15 and 100 cm, and maximum biomass yields between 0.2 and 14 kg m−2. Timing of maximum frond length and biomass yield varied with latitude, peaking 5 and 8 weeks later in the northern location (69° N) than in the central (63° N) and southern (58° N) locations, respectively. The nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor (averaged across all locations and depths) was 3.8, while protein content varied from 22 to 109 mg g−1DW, with seasonality and latitude having the largest effect. The onset of biofouling also followed a latitudinal pattern, with a delayed onset in northern locations and at freshwater-influenced sites. The dominant epibiont was the bryozoanMembranipora membranacea. Our results demonstrate the feasibility ofS. latissimacultivation along a wide latitudinal gradient in North Atlantic waters and underscore the importance of careful site selection for seaweed aquaculture.
Exercise-related T-wave oversensing: an underestimated cause of reduced exercise capacity in a pacemaker-dependent patient—a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Topf Albert , Motloch Lukas J. , Kraus Johannes , Danmayr Franz , Mirna Moritz , Schernthaner Christiane , Hoppe Uta C. , Strohmer Bernhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 62-year-old pacemaker-dependent patient presented to our department with a sudden onset of reduced physical capacity. While initial physical and pacemaker evaluations remained without specific findings, Holter-ECG monitoring revealed an abnormal rate response with unusual pauses during physical exercise. Consequently, closer evaluation of the pacemaker system revealed intermittent, exercise-related T-wave oversensing (TWOS). While TWOS remains a significant burden in ICD-patients, it might be an underestimated but clinically significant event in pacemaker patients. Further studies should evaluate the impact of TWOS in this patient population.
Method of electron affinity evaluation for the type-2 InAs/InAs1−xSbx superlattice
Authors: Manyk Tetiana , Murawski Krzysztof , Michalczewski Krystian , Grodecki Kacper , Rutkowski Jaroslaw , Martyniuk Piotr 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe type-2 InAs/InAs1−xSbx superlattices on GaAs substrate with GaSb buffer layer were investigated by comparison of theoretical simulations and experimental data. The algorithm for selection of input parameters (binary and ternary materials) for simulations is presented. We proposed the method of the bandgap energy extraction of the absorption curve. The correct choice of the bulk materials and bowing parameters for the ternary alloys allows to reach good agreement of the experimental data and theoretical approach. One of the key achievements of this work was an electron affinity assessment for the device’s theoretical simulation. The detectivity of the long-/very long-wave InAs/InAs1−xSbx superlattice photoconductors at the level of ~ 8 × 109 cm Hz1/2/W (cutoff wavelength 12 µm) and ~ 9 × 108 cm Hz1/2/W (cutoff wavelength 18 µm) at a temperature 230 K confirmed the good quality of these materials.
Paleo-environmental evidence of ecosystem change in Lake St. Clair region of Laurentian Great Lakes basin: contrasting responses to land-use change and invasive mussels
Authors: Baustian Melissa M. , Brooks Yolanda M. , Baskaran Mark , Leavitt Peter R. , Liu Bo , Ostrom Nathaniel , Stevenson R. Jan , Rose Joan B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Laurentian Great Lakes have been subject to substantial modification from diverse anthropogenic stressors, including nutrient enrichment, climate change, chemical and biological pollutants, and invasive species, yet little is known of the relative historical influence of these factors. Here we analyze diverse fossil metrics from vibracores at two sites, a bay area (Anchor Bay) and a tributary (Clinton River) in the Lake St. Clair ecosystem to determine the ecological responses from land-use practices and invasive mussel invasions. Sediment cores spanning over 100 years indicated that the expansion of non-native Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena rostriformis (dreissenid mussels) into Anchor Bay site after the mid-1990s was associated with ~ 60 to 95% reduction in algal and cyanobacterial abundances and twofold increase in sedimentary organic matter (SOM) and bioavailable phosphorus. These increases in SOM and bioavailable phosphorus are relatively similar to increases inferred from the late nineteenth century when large portions of the watershed were cleared and drained for agriculture. In contrast, the Clinton River site experienced a continuous increase in the influx of nutrients, organic matter, and elevated sedimentary phototrophic pigments during the twentieth century and into the twenty-first century. Site comparisons suggest different mechanisms inducing changes in primary production varied, where Anchor Bay was mainly affected by the comparatively recent (since ca. mid-1990s) endogenous influence of invasive species, while the Clinton River site was primarily influenced by the input of exogenous anthropogenic nutrients over the past 100 years. These new findings illustrate that watershed management and policies within large lakes with multi-jurisdictional (national) Area of Concerns should consider site-specific regulatory mechanisms.
Phase Diagram of the Quantum Random Energy Model
Authors: Manai Chokri , Warzel Simone 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe prove Goldschmidt’s formula (Goldschmidt in Phys Rev B 47:4858–4861, 1990) for the free energy of the quantum random energy model. In particular, we verify the location of the first order and the freezing transition in the phase diagram. The proof is based on a combination of variational methods on the one hand, and bounds on the size of percolation clusters of large-deviation configurations in combination with simple spectral bounds on the hypercube’s adjacency matrix on the other hand.
Improving coordination in small-scale multi-agent deep reinforcement learning through memory-driven communication
Authors: Pesce Emanuele , Montana Giovanni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeep reinforcement learning algorithms have recently been used to train multiple interacting agents in a centralised manner whilst keeping their execution decentralised. When the agents can only acquire partial observations and are faced with tasks requiring coordination and synchronisation skills, inter-agent communication plays an essential role. In this work, we propose a framework for multi-agent training using deep deterministic policy gradients that enables concurrent, end-to-end learning of an explicit communication protocol through a memory device. During training, the agents learn to perform read and write operations enabling them to infer a shared representation of the world. We empirically demonstrate that concurrent learning of the communication device and individual policies can improve inter-agent coordination and performance in small-scale systems. Our experimental results show that the proposed method achieves superior performance in scenarios with up to six agents. We illustrate how different communication patterns can emerge on six different tasks of increasing complexity. Furthermore, we study the effects of corrupting the communication channel, provide a visualisation of the time-varying memory content as the underlying task is being solved and validate the building blocks of the proposed memory device through ablation studies.
Non-standard and constitutive boundary conditions in nonlocal strain gradient elasticity
Authors: Zaera R. , Serrano Ó. , Fernández-Sáez J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractZaera et al. (Int J Eng Sci 138:65–81, 2019) recently showed that the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) is not consistent when it is applied to finite solids, since all boundary conditions associated to the corresponding problems cannot be simultaneously satisfied. Given the large number of works using the NSGT being currently published in the field of generalized continuum mechanics, it is pertinent to evince the shortcomings of the application of this theory. Some authors solved the problem omitting the constitutive boundary conditions. In the current paper we show that, in this case, the equilibrium fields are not compatible with the constitutive equation of the material. Other authors solved it omitting the non-standard boundary conditions. Here we show that, in this case, the solution does not fulfil conservation of energy. In conclusion, the inconsistency of the NSGT is corroborated, and its application must be prevented in the analysis of the mechanical behaviour of nanostructures.
Glial Factors Regulating White Matter Development and Pathologies of the Cerebellum
Authors: Revuelta Miren , Scheuer Till , Chew Li-Jin , Schmitz Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe cerebellum is a brain region that undergoes extremely dynamic growth during perinatal and postnatal development which is regulated by the proper interaction between glial cells and neurons with a complex concert of growth factors, chemokines, cytokines, neurotransmitters and transcriptions factors. The relevance of cerebellar functions for not only motor performance but also for cognition, emotion, memory and attention is increasingly being recognized and acknowledged. Since perturbed circuitry of cerebro-cerebellar trajectories can play a role in many central nervous system pathologies and thereby contribute to neurological symptoms in distinct neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, is it the aim with this mini-review to highlight the pathways of glia–glia interplay being involved. The designs of future treatment strategies may hence be targeted to molecular pathways also playing a role in development and disease of the cerebellum.
Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of Ni, Co and FeCo nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide for removal of Cr(VI)
Authors: Malinga Nduduzo N. , Jarvis A. L. Leigh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo remove pollutants from industrial waste, magnetic separation by use of magnetic reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a possible route, due to the high specific surface area of rGO. Reduced graphene oxide decorated with nickel, cobalt and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles was synthesized by means of modified coprecipitation methods. Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene was prepared by a thermal doping method. The resulting composites were characterized with scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Samples were magnetically characterized using vibrating sample magnetometer to determine the magnetic properties. All the prepared sampled were found to have weak ferromagnetic properties. The particle size distribution of the nanoparticles was determined using the TEM images and Image J software. The average particle size for the Co-rGO was 1.89 nm, 35.12 nm for Ni–rGO and 32.15 nm for CoFe–rGO. The Co–rGO was used as proof of principle to remove Cr(VI) ions from solution. The Co–rGO was recycled five times before it was deemed unusable.Graphic abstract
Electrical bearing failures in electric vehicles
Authors: He Feng , Xie Guoxin , Luo Jianbin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn modern electric equipment, especially electric vehicles, inverter control systems can lead to complex shaft voltages and bearing currents. Within an electric motor, many parts have electrical failure problems, and among which bearings are the most sensitive and vulnerable components. In recent years, electrical failures in bearing have been frequently reported in electric vehicles, and the electrical failure of bearings has become a key issue that restricts the lifetime of all-electric motor-based power systems in a broader sense. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the bearing premature failure in the mechanical systems exposed in an electrical environment represented by electric vehicles. The electrical environments in which bearing works including the different components and the origins of the shaft voltages and bearing currents, as well as the typical modes of electrical bearing failure including various topographical damages and lubrication failures, have been discussed. The fundamental influence mechanisms of voltage/current on the friction/lubrication properties have been summarized and analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures have been proposed. Finally, a brief introduction to the key technical flaws in the current researches will be made and the future outlook of frontier directions will be discussed.
Interaktionsarbeit: Herausforderung für die arbeitswissenschaftliche Forschung
Authors: Tisch Anita , Beermann Beate , Wünnemann Louisa , Windel Armin 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungInteraktionsarbeit, verstanden als Arbeit an und mit Menschen, hat in den letzten Jahren einen erheblichen Bedeutungszuwachs erfahren. Während verschiedene Berufsfelder mit interaktiven Tätigkeitsanteilen bereits empirisch untersucht und unterschiedliche Konzepte zu Interaktionsarbeit vorgelegt wurden, sind relevante Fragen der Wirkung von Interaktionsarbeit auf Sicherheit und Gesundheit bei der Arbeit bislang weniger betrachtet worden. Zur menschengerechten Gestaltung von Interaktionsarbeit erscheint aus arbeitswissenschaftlicher Perspektive die Entwicklung einer übergeordneten Systematik zu den Anforderungen und Folgen von Interaktionsarbeit sowie ein Überblick über das vorliegende, empirisch gesicherte Gestaltungswissen sinnvoll.Das Ziel des nachfolgenden Beitrages besteht darin, die Forschung zur Interaktionsarbeit im Kontext von Sicherheit und Gesundheit bei der Arbeit zu reflektieren sowie die Möglichkeiten einer konzeptionellen Einordnung unterschiedlicher spezifischer Formen der Interaktionsarbeit und die sich daraus ergebenden Gestaltungserfordernisse zu diskutieren.Praktische Relevanz Für die gesundheits- und persönlichkeitsförderliche Gestaltung von Interaktionsarbeit sind Erkenntnisse über die spezifischen Arbeitsbedingungen und Anforderungen sowie deren Auswirkungen für die Beschäftigten zentral. Dieser Beitrag schlägt einen Ansatz für eine branchen- und berufsübergreifende Klassifikation von Merkmalen der Arbeit vor, die für die menschengerechte Gestaltung interaktiver Tätigkeiten relevant sind und zeigt die dafür erforderlichen weiteren Schritte auf.
Added value of dynamic magnetic resonance images in pelvic floor dysfunction
Authors: Rosato Guillermo O. , Chwat Carina , Lemme Gustavo , Alexandre Flavia , Valli Diego , Terres Marcelo , Perotti Juan Pablo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurpose Pelvic floor dysfunction has a high prevalence in the adult population. The Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor (DMRIPF) represents an ideal tool for multidisciplinary management. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate the added value of the Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor in patients with suspected pelvic floor disorders.Methods Retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients who underwent a DMRIPF due to suspected pelvic floor disorders between April 2005 and July 2019.Results 359 patients were included. The average number of diagnoses achieved by physical examination was 1.2 vs. 2.5 by the Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor (p < 0.001). Physical examination found a single pathology in 80.8 % of cases. Anterior rectocele (AR) was the most frequent isolated diagnosis on physical examination (68 %). On the Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor, anterior rectocele was diagnosed as an isolated condition in 10.9 %. In 231 cases, anterior rectocele was associated with up to 5 other pelvic floor disorders. The number of individuals with associated pathologies of the posterior and anterior compartments tripled. It modified physical examination findings in 17 % of individuals and, in 63.5 %, allowed the identification of additional pelvic floor pathologies that were missed by physical examination. The Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor had greater added value in patients with anterior rectocele (59.6 % vs. 20.9 %; < 0.001). Female gender was also associated with a greater diagnostic yield (p < 0.001).Conclusion The Dynamic and Multiplanar Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor allows the detection of multi-compartment defects that could otherwise go undetected, or even alter the initial clinical diagnosis, representing an ideal tool for multidisciplinary approach of pelvic floor dislocations, allowing a comprehensive therapeutic planning.
Intraoperative Intracavernosal Liposomal Bupivacaine (Exparel) Injection Does Not Affect Systemic Hemodynamics
Authors: Taniguchi Hisanori , Mulhall John P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The systemic effect of intracavernosal liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel) injection during inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation on systemic hemodynamics has not been clarified.

Aim
To evaluate whether intraoperative intracavernosal Exparel injection affects systemic hemodynamics.

Methods
We studied 56 consecutive patients who underwent IPP implantation under general anesthesia using the transverse scrotal approach. Exparel [10 mL of 1.3% (13.3 mg/mL)] was instilled bilaterally intracavernosally via a 25-gauge needle around 30 min after starting the surgery. All patients graded their postoperative pain using a standard 10-point scale.

Main Outcome Measure
Perioperative vital signs at defined time intervals and postoperative pain were monitored. The degree of postoperative pain were analyzed using a standard 10-point scale.

Results
Medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) of the patients' age [64 years (57.3–69.3)], operation time [85 min (78–96)], and estimated blood loss [75 mL (29–100)] were recorded. Although the median preoperative systolic noninvasively measured blood pressure of 131 mm/Hg (IQR: 122–139) fell by 25% to 98 mm/Hg (IQR: 90–100) (P &lt; .001) after anesthesia started, there was no significant decrease in blood pressure between before and after Exparel injection. The perioperative pulse rate and pulse oximetry oxygen saturation were stable. Neither arrhythmia nor convulsion occurred. Patients reported postoperative pain as 0 (IQR: 0–2.25) on a scale of 0–10.

Clinical Implications
Intraoperative intracavernosal Exparel injection is safe and effective in patients undergoing IPP implantation surgery.

Strength & Limitations
This is the first report to describe systemic hemodynamics of intracavernosal Exparel injection. Limitations are lack of blood concentration of Exparel at various time points and long-term follow-up for pain assessment.

Conclusion
Although limited by a lack of the blood concentration of Exparel and short follow-up for pain assessment, we concluded that intraoperative intracavernosal Exparel injection does not affect systemic hemodynamics.
Experiences of international travel in patients with psychotic illness: a case series
Authors: Maher S. , Mikic Z. , McDonald C. , Flaherty G. T. , Hallahan B. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo identify factors influencing successful international travel among patients with psychotic illness.MethodsEight individuals participated in a semi-structured interview of 15–20-minute duration with a clinician in relation to their recent experience of international travel. Clinical files were reviewed and a case series was compiled.ResultsFour individuals engaged in international travel without any adverse effects. Four other individuals experienced significant psychotic and/or affective symptoms while travelling. Treatment non-adherence, a lack of awareness of how to obtain support and limited or no pre-travel planning were noted in these individuals.ConclusionsPre-travel counselling, treatment adherence, provision of information packages relating to their mental illness and having contact details of their treating mental health team increase the likelihood of successful international travel in patients with psychotic illness. Travelling with a companion may reduce fear of relapse.