bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Scale to Measure an Unemployment Syndrome: Items Generation and Content Validity
Authors: Bocchino Anna , Lepiani Diaz Isabel , Medialdea Maria Jesus , Gilart Cantizano Ester , Dueñas Rodríguez María 
Published: November 2019

PURPOSETo develop a scale for a group of symptoms based on the unemployment syndrome.METHODSThe development consisted of four phases: (I) review of literature, (II) concept elicitation, (III) concept selection and item construction, and (IV) content validation.FINDINGSTwenty final items that were established as adequate for being included in the instrument.CONCLUSIONThe unemployment syndrome scale could be used to identify the needs and sintomatology of unemployed people and support the identification of the syndrome.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThe instrument makes it possible to assess the symptomatology specific to the syndrome and to record properly the assessment of the biopsychosocial conditions on the part of the nursing profession for providing quality comprehensive care.
Stressing Out About the Heart: A Narrative Review of the Role of Psychological Stress in Acute Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Musey Paul I. , Schultebraucks Katharina , Chang Bernard P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesSurvivors of acute cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stroke, may experience significant psychological distress during and following the acute event. Long‐term adverse effects may follow, including the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), increased overall all‐cause mortality, and recurrent cardiac events. The goal of this concepts paper is to describe and summarize the rates of adverse psychological outcomes, such as PTSD, following cardiovascular emergencies, to review how these psychological factors are associated with increased risk of future events and long‐term health and to provide a theoretical framework for future work.MethodsA panel of two board‐certified emergency physicians, one with a doctorate in experimental psychology, along with one PhD clinical psychologist with expertise in psychoneuroendocrinology were co‐authors involved in the paper. Each author used various search strategies (e.g., PubMed, Psycinfo, Cochrane, and Google Scholar) for primary research and reviewed articles related to their section. The references were reviewed and evaluated for relevancy and included based on review by the lead authorsResultsA meta‐analysis of 24 studies (N > 2,300) found the prevalence of ACS‐induced PTSD at nearly 12%, while a meta‐analysis of nine studies (N = 1,138) found that 25% of survivors of transient ischemic attack and stroke report PTSD symptoms. The presence of PTSD doubles 3‐year risk of CVD/mortality risk in ACS survivors. Cardiac patients treated during periods of ED overcrowding, hallway care, and perceived poor clinician–patient communication appear at greater risk for subsequent PTSD.ConclusionsPsychological stress is often present in patients undergoing evaluation for acute CVD events. Understanding such associations provides a foundation to appreciate the potential contribution of psychological variables on acute and long‐term cardiovascular recovery, while also stimulating future areas of research and discovery.
Are medium‐scale farms driving agricultural transformation in sub‐Saharan Africa?
Authors: Jayne T. S. , Muyanga Milu , Wineman Ayala , Ghebru Hosaena , Stevens Caleb , Stickler Mercedes , Chapoto Antony , Anseeuw Ward , van der Westhuizen Divan , Nyange David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study presents evidence of profound farm‐level transformation in parts of sub‐Saharan Africa, identifies major sources of dynamism in the sector, and proposes an updated typology of farms that reflects the evolving nature of African agriculture. Repeat waves of national survey data are used to examine changes in crop production and marketed output by farm size. Between the first and most recent surveys (generally covering 6 to 10 years), the share of national marketed crop output value accounted for by medium‐scale farms rose in Zambia from 23% to 42%, in Tanzania from 17% to 36%, and in Nigeria from 7% to 18%. The share of land under medium‐scale farms is not rising in densely populated countries such as Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda, where land scarcity is impeding the pace of medium‐scale farm acquisitions. Medium‐scale farmers are a diverse group, reflecting distinct entry pathways into agriculture, encouraged by the rapid development of land rental, purchase, and long‐term lease markets. The rise of medium‐scale farms is affecting the region in diverse ways that are difficult to generalize. Findings indicate that these farms can be a dynamic driver of agricultural transformation but this does not reduce the importance of maintaining a clear commitment to supporting smallholder farms. Strengthening land tenure security of local rural people to maintain land rights and support productivity investments by smallholder households remains crucial.
Radioactive iodine ablation post differentiated thyroid cancer surgery: an analysis of use and impact of the American Thyroid Association guidelines
Authors: Sia Yi , Dave Rajiv V. , Nour Daniel , Miller Julie A. , Skandarajah Anita R. , Tasevski Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe 2009 American Thyroid Association (ATA) three‐tiered risk stratification, and its updated version in 2015, provided clearer guidance on the use of radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. This study examines the impact of these guidelines on RAI use in our institution.MethodsPatients diagnosed with DTC during three different time periods (group 1: 2002–2006, group 2: 2010–2014 and group 3: 2017–2018) were identified and risk stratified according to the ATA guidelines. RAI use and extent of surgery were compared between the three groups. Categorical variables were analysed using Fisher's exact (2 × 2) and chi‐squared (>2 × 2) tests.ResultsA total of 415 patients were included (group 1 = 88, group 2 = 215, group 3 = 112). The proportion of patients having total thyroidectomy were 84.6, 84.7 and 69.6% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (P = 0.003). Central lymph node dissection was significantly higher in the more contemporary groups compared to group 1 (9.1 versus 41.9 versus 64.3%, P < 0.001). Overall, fewer patients received RAI in more recent times (76.6 versus 54.8 versus 26.8%, P < 0.001), most evident in the low‐risk patients (70 versus 29.1 versus 5.1%, P < 0.001). In the high risk group, the majority received RAI, with no difference between the groups.ConclusionComparing DTC patients treated in our unit before and after publications of the 2009 and 2015 ATA guidelines, more nodal surgery was performed with less RAI administered in the latter groups. Better risk stratification according to the ATA guidelines has allowed more judicious use of RAI ablation.
Prognostic factors of revitrectomy for complications in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Takayama Kei , Someya Hideaki , Yokoyama Hiroshi , Kimura Takeshi , Takamura Yoshihiro , Morioka Masakazu , Sameshima Seiji , Ueda Tetsuo , Ogata Nahoko , Kitano Shigehiko , Tashiro Maki , Sugimoto Masahiko , Kondo Mineo , Sakamoto Taiji , Takeuchi Masaru 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo identify prognostic factors for revitrectomy in patients who underwent vitrectomy for complications with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in multicentre study.MethodsConsecutive 452 eyes of 452 patients with PDR undergoing 25‐gauge microincision vitrectomy system (MIVS) in seven centres were retrospectivity reviewed. Preoperative ocular factors (baseline visual acuity [VA], vitreous haemorrhage [VH], tractional retinal detachment [TRD] and retinal photocoagulation), general factors (sex, age, diabetes duration, HbA1c level, hypertension, anti‐coagulant medication and estimated glomerular filtration rate), surgical procedures (preoperative anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor injection, internal limiting membrane peeling, combined cataract surgery, retinal break, and tamponade), postoperative complications for revitrectomy and postoperative VA at 6 months were evaluated.ResultsIn the follow‐up period of 6 months, revitrectomy was performed in 56 eyes (26.3%), and postoperative complications for revitrectomy were VH in 31 eyes (15%), TRD in 13 eyes (6.2%) and membrane proliferation in 12 eyes (5.2%). The mean LogMAR improvement from baseline to 6 months in revitrectomy group (0.39) was significantly worse than in single vitrectomy group (0.74). Diabetic duration, low baseline VA, less simple VH, TRD and air tamponade were statistical risk factors of revitrectomy, and logistic regression analysis identified low baseline VA and air tamponade also as prognostic factors of revitrectomy.ConclusionOur results indicated that prognosis of VA was worse in PDR patients with revitrectomy and low baseline VA and air as the tamponade material were the potential prognostic factors of revitrectomy.
The clinical challenges of synthetic cathinones
Authors: Schifano Fabrizio , Napoletano Flavia , Arillotta Davide , Zangani Caroline , Gilgar Liam , Guirguis Amira , Corkery John Martin , Vento Alessandro 
Published: November 2019

AimsWithin the new psychoactive substances (NPS) scenario, several hundred different molecules, mostly including synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones, have been identified so far. The aims of the paper were to: (i) identify the number of synthetic cathinones mentioned in a range of psychonaut, NPS‐related, online sources; and (ii) describe the associated acute/long term clinical scenario and the related treatment/management plan.MethodsAfter about 18 months of operation and exclusion of false positives/duplicates, some 4204 unique NPS molecules were included in the NPSfinder® crawling/navigating software database. Most popular NPS included: 1265 psychedelic phenethylamines (30.1%; confidence interval [CI] 95%: 28.7–31.5%); 1253 synthetic cannabinoids (29.8%; CI 95%: 28.4–31.2%); 429 synthetic opioids (10.2%; CI 95%: 9.3–10.2%); and 171 synthetic cathinones (4.1%; CI 95% 3.5–4.7%). Conversely, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction databases respectively included 169 and 140 cathinones. Overall, the 3 databases reported some 222 synthetic cathinones, and 41 were uniquely identified by the NPSfinder®.ResultsIn terms of clinical scenarios, synthetic cathinone ingestion is initially associated with stimulant effects; however, psychopathological disturbances, violence, suicidal behaviour, hyperthermia, coma and death have also been described.ConclusionThe proportion of cathinones commented on by psychonaut fora appeared to be relatively small, and similar to those reported by both the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. This may be associated with a recent significant decline in both cathinone‐related consumption and acute medical presentation. Due to their complex behavioural and medical toxicity issues, healthcare professionals should be, however, be educated to recognise the signs and symptoms of NPS, including synthetic cathinone, ingestion.
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antibodies and transfusion support in paediatric HLA‐matched haematopoietic cell transplant for sickle cell disease
Authors: Nickel Robert S. , Horan John T. , Abraham Allistair , Qayed Muna , Haight Ann , Ngwube Alexander , Liang Hua , Luban Naomi L. C. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe relevance of donor‐specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies in HLA‐mismatched haematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is known, but the importance of HLA antibodies in HLA‐matched HCT is unclear. We hypothesized that HLA antibodies detected before HCT would cause platelet transfusion refractoriness during HCT and investigated this in a multi‐centre study. Pre‐HCT samples from 45 paediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) undergoing HLA‐matched HCT were tested for HLA class I antibodies. The number of platelet transfusions received before day +45 was compared between those with and without antibodies. Thirteen of 45 (29%) patients had a positive HLA class I antibody screen, and these patients received significantly more platelet transfusions than patients without antibodies (median 19 vs. 7·5, P = 0·028). This platelet transfusion association remained significant when controlling for conditioning regimen. Among alloimmunized patients, there was no association between the panel‐reactive antibody and the number of platelet transfusions. Patients with HLA class I antibodies also had a higher incidence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD): 6/13 (46%) vs. 3/32 (9%), P = 0·011. Pre‐HCT HLA class I alloimmunization is associated with increased platelet transfusion support and acute GVHD in paediatric HLA‐matched HCT for SCD. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathobiology of this association.
Immunohistochemical detectability of cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in cells of human melanocytic skin lesions: A methodological review
Authors: Kuźbicki Łukasz , Brożyna Anna A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIncreased cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression is thought to support tumorigenesis through various mechanisms and is analyzed as a potential cancer marker. In 18 studies, COX‐2 expression in melanocytic lesions of human skin was examined immunohistochemically. However, results obtained by individual research groups differ in terms of detection frequency and level of this protein, as well as localization of stained cells within tumor. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are analyzed in this review: the application of different antibodies, the use of standard histopathological sections or tissue microarrays and the analyzes of staining results based on different algorithms. COX‐2 level is significantly lower in nevi than in melanomas, increases gradually with progression of these malignant cancers and reaches the highest values in metastases. These gradual changes in COX‐2 expression appear to be difficult to analyze based only on subjective assessment of staining intensity. The most convergent data were obtained using antibodies for N‐terminal fragments of COX‐2 protein and analyzing results based on calculation of percentage fraction of positive cells. The extent of stained area in specimen thus appears to be more important than the intensity of staining in terms of evaluation of COX‐2 performance as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of cutaneous melanoma.
Intra‐ and interspecific variation in trophic ecology of ‘predatory’ ants in the subfamily Ponerinae
Authors: Hanisch Priscila E. , Drager Kim , Yang Wendy H. , Tubaro Pablo L. , Suarez Andrew V. 
Published: November 2019

1. The characterisation of energy flow through communities is a primary goal of ecology. Furthermore, predator–prey interactions can influence both species abundance and community composition. The ant subfamily Ponerinae includes many predatory species that range from generalist insectivores to highly specialised hunters that target a single prey type. Given their high diversity and ubiquity in tropical ecosystems, measuring intra‐ and interspecific variation in their trophic ecology is essential for understanding the role of ants as predators of insect communities.2. The stable isotopic composition of nitrogen of 22 species from the ant subfamily Ponerinae was measured, relative to plants and other predatory and herbivorous insects at two Atlantic Forest sites in Argentina. The study tested the general assumption that ponerine ants are all predatory, and examined intra‐ and interspecific variation in trophic ecology relative to habitat, body size and cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 sequences (DNA barcoding).3. Stable isotope analysis revealed that most ponerines occupy high trophic levels (primary and secondary predators), but some species overlapped with known insect herbivores. Species residing at low trophic levels were primarily arboreal and may rely heavily on nectar or other plant‐based resources in their diet. In addition, larger species tend to occupy lower trophic positions than smaller species.4. Although some of the species were divided into two or more genetic clusters by DNA barcoding analysis, these clusters did not correspond to intraspecific variation in trophic position; therefore, colony dietary flexibility most probably explains species that inhabit more than one trophic level.
Range edges in heterogeneous landscapes: Integrating geographic scale and climate complexity into range dynamics
Authors: Oldfather Meagan F. , Kling Matthew M. , Sheth Seema N. , Emery Nancy C. , Ackerly David D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe impacts of climate change have re‐energized interest in understanding the role of climate in setting species geographic range edges. Despite the strong focus on species' distributions in ecology and evolution, defining a species range edge is theoretically and empirically difficult. The challenge of determining a range edge and its relationship to climate is in part driven by the nested nature of geography and the multidimensionality of climate, which together generate complex patterns of both climate and biotic distributions across landscapes. Because range‐limiting processes occur in both geographic and climate space, the relationship between these two spaces plays a critical role in setting range limits. With both conceptual and empirical support, we argue that three factors—climate heterogeneity, collinearity among climate variables, and spatial scale—interact to shape the spatial structure of range edges along climate gradients, and we discuss several ways that these factors influence the stability of species range edges with a changing climate. We demonstrate that geographic and climate edges are often not concordant across species ranges. Furthermore, high climate heterogeneity and low climate collinearity across landscapes increase the spectrum of possible relationships between geographic and climatic space, suggesting that geographic range edges and climatic niche limits correspond less frequently than we may expect. More empirical explorations of how the complexity of real landscapes shapes the ecological and evolutionary processes that determine species range edges will advance the development of range limit theory and its applications to biodiversity conservation in the context of changing climate.
Towards the integration of animal‐borne instruments into global ocean observing systems
Authors: March David , Boehme Lars , Tintoré Joaquín , Vélez‐Belchi Pedro Joaquín , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMarine animals are increasingly instrumented with environmental sensors that provide large volumes of oceanographic data. Here, we conduct an innovative and comprehensive global analysis to determine the potential contribution of animal‐borne instruments (ABI) into ocean observing systems (OOSs) and provide a foundation to establish future integrated ocean monitoring programmes. We analyse the current gaps of the long‐term Argo observing system (>1.5 million profiles) and assess its spatial overlap with the distribution of marine animals across eight major species groups (tuna and billfishes, sharks and rays, marine turtles, pinnipeds, cetaceans, sirenians, flying seabirds and penguins). We combine distribution ranges of 183 species and satellite tracking observations from >3,000 animals. Our analyses identify potential areas where ABI could complement OOS. Specifically, ABI have the potential to fill gaps in marginal seas, upwelling areas, the upper 10 m of the water column, shelf regions and polewards of 60° latitude. Our approach provides the global baseline required to plan the integration of ABI into global and regional OOS while integrating conservation and ocean monitoring priorities.
Prevalence and associated factors influencing depression in older adults living in rural Thailand: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Charoensakulchai Sakarn , Usawachoke Sirawich , Kongbangpor Worrawit , Thanavirun Phatklao , Mitsiriswat Apaporn , Pinijnai Onnicha , Kaensingh Sittarat , Chaiyakham Napat , Chamnanmont Chatchaya , Ninnakala Nichada , Hiri‐o‐Tappa Parit , Ponginsee Veeravit , Atichatpongsuk Veeraya , Asawathepmetha Eng‐Orn , Thongprayoon Charat , Mao Michael A , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Varothai Narittaya , Kaewput Wisit 
Published: November 2019

AimDepression is a major disease burden in Thailand. In rural areas, young adults will leave home to work in cities, and older adults are left behind. Loneliness and comorbidities can lead to depression in older adults. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors for geriatric depression.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out. Questionnaires including the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale and family relationship were obtained by healthcare professions by face‐to‐face interviews of 584 older people aged ≥60 years in Ban Nayao community, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Geriatric depression can be defined as depressive syndromes that arise in adults aged ≥60 years. We excluded those who had visual or auditory disabilities or did not pass the Thai Mini‐Mental Status Examination. The prevalence and associated factors for geriatric depression were obtained. Associated factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 433 older people were eligible. The prevalence of geriatric depression was 18.5%. Of the participants, 54.1% lived in an imbalanced family type. Multivariate analysis showed the significance for female sex (adjusted OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.54–7.49, P = 0.01), illiteracy (adjusted OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.19–6.17, P‐value 0.04), current smoker (adjusted OR 4.25, 95% CI 2.12–10.18, P = 0.009) and imbalanced family type (low attachment, low cooperation and poor alignment between each member; adjusted OR 4.52, 95% CI 2.14–7.86, P < 0.001) as risk factors for depression.ConclusionsThe prevalence of geriatric depression in rural Thailand is high. Imbalanced family type is an important risk factor for geriatric depression in the rural community. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1248–1253.
Lower limb muscle mass is associated with insulin resistance more than lower limb muscle strength in non‐diabetic older adults
Authors: Seko Toshiaki , Akasaka Hiroshi , Koyama Masayuki , Himuro Nobuaki , Saitoh Shigeyuki , Miura Tetsuji , Mori Mitsuru , Ohnishi Hirofumi 
Published: November 2019

AimWe examined the association of muscle mass and muscle strength with insulin resistance, focusing on lower limb muscles.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study, and participants were registered in 2017 from the Tanno‐Sobetsu Study, a population‐based cohort study. After excluding individuals aged <64 years or with a history of diabetes mellitus, 272 non‐diabetic older adults (116 men, 156 women) met the inclusion criteria. According to the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, the participants were divided into two groups; that is, the insulin resistance group (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ≥1.73) and non‐insulin resistance group (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance <1.73). Muscle mass (lower limb, upper limb, appendicular and trunk) and muscle strength (grip strength and knee extension torque) were measured and divided by the weight, and then multiplied by 100 to calculate the weight ratio (%). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of each muscle index for risk of insulin resistance was calculated separately for both men and women.ResultsLower limb muscle mass (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55–0.92 in men; OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51–0.96 in women, respectively) and appendicular muscle mass (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61–0.94 in men; OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.95 in women, respectively), but not other muscle indexes, were associated with risk of insulin resistance, after adjusting for age, body mass index, highly sensitive C‐reacting protein and smoking habits.ConclusionsLower limb muscle mass of non‐diabetic older adults is independently related to insulin resistance. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1254–1259.