bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Garnet‐Polymer Composite Electrolytes with High Li+ Conductivity and Transference Number via Well‐Fused Grain Boundaries in Microporous Frameworks
Authors: Peng Xiang , Huang Kai , Song Shipai , Wu Fang , Xiang Yong , Zhang Xiaokun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA garnet‐polymer composite electrolyte with high Li+ conductivity and transference number is developed using microporous Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) framework as the matrix. The LLZTO framework, fabricated by a template‐assisted gel‐casting process, possesses micron‐sized grains and well‐fused grain boundaries, eliminating the low‐conductive bottleneck at the interfaces between the ceramic blocks, and providing conductive and continuous networks for Li+ transport. As a result, the garnet‐polymer composite electrolyte displays a high ionic conductivity (2.61×10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C), an ultrahigh Li+ transference number of 0.71, as well as excellent thermal, structural, and electrochemical stabilities. Benefiting from the desired physical and chemical properties, the presented composite electrolyte enables a Li−Li cell to be cycled for more than 600 h at 25 °C. In addition, the integrated LiFePO4/CPCE/Li cells also show excellent cycling stability with a specific capacity of 133.2 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles under 50 °C. This study demonstrates a significant optimization on the microstructure of composite electrolytes that can be utilized for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries.
Therapeutic potential of a cell penetrating peptide (CPP, NP1) mediated siRNA delivery: Evidence in 3D spheroids of colon cancer cells
Authors: Al‐Husaini Khalsa , Elkamel Erij , Han Xiaoxia , Chen Pu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRNA interference holds great potential for cancer therapeutics and its success is highly dependent on an effective delivery system. As most preclinical drug screening in vitro was conducted in flat monolayer cell cultures, development of more physiologically relevant models is needed to enhance testing reliability and effectiveness. Here, the aim was to develop 3D cell spheroids and evaluate the efficiency of NP1, a novel cell penetrating peptide, CPP (STR‐H16R8), developed by our group to assist siRNA delivery. NP1 elicited significant cellular uptake of siRNA and promoted great siRNA knockdown efficiency of Bcl‐2 and VEGF mRNA in 3D spheroids (53% and 51%, respectively), induced marked apoptosis after silencing HIF mRNA, and 3D spheroids displayed apoptosis resistance compared to 2D cells. Taken together, 3D spheroids provide an improved model for testing siRNA delivery and NP1 has proved to be a powerful in vitro transfection reagent.
Postnatal development of the entorhinal cortex: A stereological study in macaque monkeys
Authors: Piguet Olivia , J Chareyron Loïc , Banta Lavenex Pamela , G Amaral David , Lavenex Pierre 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe entorhinal cortex is the main gateway for interactions between the neocortex and the hippocampus. Distinct regions, layers, and cells of the hippocampal formation exhibit different profiles of structural and molecular maturation during postnatal development. Here, we provide estimates of neuron number, neuronal soma size, and volume of the different layers and subdivisions of the monkey entorhinal cortex (Eo, Er, Elr, Ei, Elc, Ec, Ecl) during postnatal development. We found different developmental changes in neuronal soma size and volume of distinct layers in different subdivisions, but no changes in neuron number. Layers I and II developed early in most subdivisions. Layer III exhibited early maturation in Ec and Ecl, a two‐step/early maturation in Ei and a late maturation in Er. Layers V and VI exhibited an early maturation in Ec and Ecl, a two‐step and early maturation in Ei, and a late maturation in Er. Neuronal soma size increased transiently at 6 months of age and decreased thereafter to reach adult size, except in Layer II of Ei, and Layers II and III of Ec and Ecl. These findings support the theory that different hippocampal circuits exhibit distinct developmental profiles, which may subserve the emergence of different hippocampus‐dependent memory processes. We discuss how the early maturation of the caudal entorhinal cortex may contribute to path integration and basic allocentric spatial processing, whereas the late maturation of the rostral entorhinal cortex may contribute to the increased precision of allocentric spatial representations and the temporal integration of individual items into episodic memories.
Synthesis of TlBr and Tl2AgBr3 Nanocrystals
Authors: Siegler Timothy D. , Shah Tushti , Houck Daniel W. , Suri Mokshin , Zhang Yangning , Korgel Brian A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere are only a few examples of nanocrystal synthesis with thallium (Tl). Here, we report the synthesis of uniform, ligand‐stabilized colloidal nanocrystals of TlBr and Tl2AgBr3 nanocrystals with average diameter ranging between 10 and 20 nm. TlBr nanocrystals are made by hot injection of trimethylsilyl bromide (TMSBr) into solutions of oleylamine, oleic acid and octadecene with thallium (III) or thallium (I) acetate. Tl2AgBr3 nanocrystals form when silver (I) acetate is included in the reaction. The TlBr nanocrystals have CsCl crystal structure with a direct band gap of 3.1 eV. The Tl2AgBr3 nanocrystals have trigonal dolomite crystal structure with an indirect band gap of 3.1 eV. The TlBr nanocrystals made with thallium (III) were sufficiently uniform to assemble into face‐centered cubic (fcc) superlattices.
Bioavailability of Triprolidine as a Single Agent or in Combination With Pseudoephedrine: A Randomized, Open‐Label Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Febbraro Salvatore , Shea Tim , Cravo Ana Santos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAntihistamines have been in clinical use for more than 70 years to treat allergic and nonallergic symptoms including relief from cold and flu symptoms. Despite their widespread use, pharmacokinetic (PK) data are sparse for older, first‐generation antihistamines. This phase 1 single‐center open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, 3‐way crossover trial evaluated the PK profiles of 2 doses of film‐coated triprolidine caplets (2.5 and 5 mg) compared with a reference combination tablet (triprolidine 2.5 mg + pseudoephedrine 60 mg) in 24 healthy adults. Blood samples were collected predose and at specified intervals across a 24‐hour period after administration, and triprolidine was quantified using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Maximum plasma concentration of triprolidine for the 2.5 mg and dose‐normalized 5 mg single‐agent tablets were comparable (8.4 versus 7.1 ng/mL, respectively) and higher for the combination tablet (9.5 ng/mL). PK parameters, including time to maximum plasma concentration (∼1.5 hours) and elimination half‐life (∼4 hours), were comparable between the 3 treatment arms. The safety profile of this sedating antihistamine was as expected; however, adverse effects were reported in a markedly higher proportion of women than men. There were no significant sex differences in any of the measured PK parameters.
Layer‐by‐Layer Motif Heteroarchitecturing of N,S‐Codoped Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Wrapped Ni/NiS Nanoparticles for the Electrochemical Oxidation of Water
Authors: Zakaria Mohamed Barakat , Guo Yanna , Na Jongbeom , Tahawy Rafat , Chikyow Toyohiro , El‐Said Waleed A. , El‐Hady Deia A. , Alshitari Wael , Yamauchi Yusuke , Lin Jianjian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new heterostructured material is synthesized with lamellar arrangements in nanoscale precision through an innovative synthetic approach. The self‐assembled Ni‐based cyano‐bridged coordination polymer flakes (Ni‐CP) and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with a layered morphology (Ni‐CP/GO) are used as precursors for the synthesis of multicomponent hybrid materials. Annealing of Ni‐CP/GO in nitrogen at 450 °C allows the formation of Ni3C/rGO nanocomposites. Grinding Ni‐CP/GO and thiourea and annealing under the same conditions produces N,S‐codoped reduced GO‐wrapped NiS2 flakes (NiS2/NS‐rGO). Interestingly, further heating up to 550 °C allows the phase transformation of NiS2 into NiS accompanied by the formation of a face‐centered cubic (FCC‐Ni) metal phase between NS‐rGO layers (FCC‐Ni‐NiS/NS‐rGO). Among all the materials, the resulting FCC‐Ni‐NiS/NS‐rGO exhibits good electrocatalytic activity and stability toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to the synergistic effect of multiphases, the well‐designed alternating layered structures on the nanoscale with abundant active sites.
Mercury‐Free Synthesis of Pincer [C^N^C]AuIII Complexes by an Oxidative Addition/CH Activation Cascade
Authors: Eppel Daniel , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStarting from the commercially available dimethyl sulfide‐gold(I) chloride complex (DMSAuCl) and diazonium salts in the presence of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylpyridine as base, symmetric and unsymmetric [C^N^C]AuIIICl complexes were synthesized in a selective, photosensitizer‐free, photochemical reaction using blue LED light. This new protocol provides the first mercury‐free synthesis of these types of pincer‐complexes in moderate‐to‐excellent yields, starting from a readily available gold(I) precursor. Owing to the extraordinary properties of the target compounds, like excellent luminescence and high anticancer activities, the synthesis of such complexes is a highly active field of research, which might make its way to an industrial application. Owing to the disadvantages of the known protocols, especially the toxicity and the selectivity issues in the case of unsymmetric complexes, avoiding the use of mercury, should further accelerate this ongoing development.
Long‐term renal outcomes associated with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaodan , Zhong Zhen , Li Yanli , Li Wangen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThe long‐term impact of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on renal functions remains undefined. This study was undertaken to investigate the renal outcomes associated with SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the long term.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted. Randomized controlled trials which reported renal outcomes at the study endpoint in patients with T2DM receiving treatments of SGLT2 inhibitors were included. Renal adverse events were determined using prespecified lists from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities or laboratory values. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for assessment of dichotomous data. The mean difference or standardized mean difference with 95% CI was used for assessment of continuous data. Random effects models were adopted to measure the pooled outcomes.ResultsThirty‐nine studies involving 35 trials were identified. Compared with placebo or other anti‐diabetic medications, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with significant lower incidence of composite renal outcome and acute renal failure or injury in patients with T2DM. The risk of progression of albuminuria also appeared to be decreased. No significant changes of estimated glomerular filtration rate levels or urine albumin‐creatinine ratios were found in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors.ConclusionsOverall renal safety and beneficial effects are indicated for SGLT2 inhibitors. Further confirmative data from large trials and real‐world studies are needed.
Potential distribution of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang and its predicted responses to climate change based on a comprehensive habitat suitability model
Authors: Zhao Zefang , Guo Yanlong , Wei Haiyan , Ran Qiao , Liu Jing , Zhang Quanzhong , Gu Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNotopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang is a rare and endangered traditional Chinese medicinal plant. In this research, we built a comprehensive habitat suitability (CHS) model to analyze the potential suitable habitat distribution of this species in the present and future in China. First, using nine different algorithms, we built an ensemble model to explore the possible impacts of climate change on the habitat distribution of this species. Then, based on this model, we built a CHS model to further identify the distribution characteristics of N. incisum‐suitable habitats in three time periods (current, 2050s, and 2070s) while considering the effects of soil and vegetation conditions. The results indicated that the current suitable habitat for N. incisum covers approximately 83.76 × 103 km2, and these locations were concentrated in the Tibet Autonomous Region, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, and Sichuan Province. In the future, the areas of suitable habitat for N. incisum would significantly decrease and would be 69.53 × 103 km2 and 60.21 × 103 km2 in the 2050s and 2070s, respectively. However, the area of marginally suitable habitat would remain relatively stable. This study provides a more reliable and comprehensive method for modelling the current and future distributions of N. incisum, and it provides valuable insights for highlighting priority areas for medicinal plant conservation and resource utilization.
The effects of predation risk on prey stoichiometry: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Rinehart S. , Hawlena D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA decade ago, the general stress paradigm (GSP) aimed to develop a predictive framework linking predator effects to ecosystem function. The GSP was based on the notion that animals, across taxa, exhibit similar physiological responses to predation risk that divert resources from growth and reproduction (which require N‐rich biomolecules [i.e., protein]) to emergency functions (which require C‐rich biomolecules [e.g., carbohydrates]). The GSP predicts that stressed prey should have a greater dietary demand for C‐rich resources, a higher body C:N ratio, and elevated N excretion. Now, 10 yr later, we aim to revisit the GSP—using quantitative meta‐analysis to test the original predictions of the GSP and how (1) predator hunting mode, (2) multiple stressors, and (3) prey dietary shifts affect prey stoichiometric responses to predation risk. Our data set was consistent with previous work showing that predation risk increases prey glucocorticoid levels and metabolic rates and decreases prey growth rates. We found that predation risk tended to decrease the fat, carbohydrate, and protein content of prey bodies; increased the C:P and N:P of prey bodies; but had no effect on the C, N, P, or C:N content of prey bodies. Additionally, we found no effect of predation risk on the N content of prey excretions. Prey responses to predation risk were unaffected by multiple stressors or the prey’s ability to shift their diet, but predator hunting mode did affect the nature of prey stoichiometric responses. Specifically, ambush predators decreased prey macronutrient content and suppressed prey growth, and active predators had no effect on prey macronutrient content and a smaller effect on prey growth than ambush predators. The significant effects of predation risk were supported by robust fail‐safe numbers, despite the high between‐comparison heterogeneity that was found in all analyses. Our findings highlight the need (1) to test the underlying mechanisms and emerging patterns of the GSP in diverse taxa, (2) to explore the mismatch between prey macronutrient content and elemental stoichiometry, and (3) to expand the conceptual framework to include more inducible defenses (e.g., behavioral and morphological) and predator traits.
The impact of insurance type on listing status and wait‐list mortality of patients with left ventricular assist devices as bridge to transplantation
Authors: Briasoulis Alexandros , Akintoye Emmanuel , Inampudi Chakradhari , Hammoud Aziz , Alvarez Paulino 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsAdequate health insurance coverage is necessary for heart transplantation (HT) candidates. Prior studies have suggested inferior outcomes post HT with public health insurance. We sought to evaluate the effects of insurance type on transplantation rates, listing status and mortality prior to HT.Methods and resultsPatients ≥18 years old with a left ventricular assist device implanted and listed with 1A status were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing registry between January 2010 and December 2017, with follow‐up through March 2018. Patients were grouped based on the type of insurance private/self‐pay (PV), Medicare (MC), and Medicaid (MA) at the time of listing. We conducted multivariable competing risks regression analysis on listing status and mortality on the waiting list, stratified by insurance type at the time of listing. We identified 2604 patients listed in status 1A (PV: 51.4%, MC: 32.1%, and MA: 16.5%). MA patients were younger (43.5 vs. 56.4 for MC vs. 51.5 for PV, P < 0.001) and less frequently White (P < 0.001). The cumulative incidence of HT did not differ among the three insurance types (PV: 74.8%, MC 76.3%, and MA 71.1%, P = 0.14). The cumulative mortality on the waiting list prior to HT was not different among groups (PV: 29.3%, MC 26.3%, and MA 21.8%, P = 0.94). Μore patients with MA were removed from the list because of improvement of their condition (MA 40.3% vs. MC 28.3% and PV 32.8%).ConclusionsWe did not detect any disparities in listing status and mortality among different insurance types.
Inhibition of stearoyl‐CoA desaturases suppresses follicular help T‐ and germinal center B‐ cell responses
Authors: Son Young Min , Cheon In Su , Goplen Nick P. , Dent Alexander L. , Sun Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStearoyl‐CoA desaturases (SCD) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐associated enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). As such, SCD play important roles in maintaining the intracellular balance between saturated fatty acid (SFAs) and MUFAs. The roles of SCD in CD4+ T‐helper cell responses are currently unexplored. Here, we have found that murine and human follicular helper T (TFH) cells express higher levels of SCD compared to non‐TFH cells. Further, the expression of SCD in TFH cells is dependent on the TFH lineage‐specification transcription factor BCL6. We found that the inhibition of SCD impaired TFH cell maintenance and shifted the balance between TFH and follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells in the spleen. Consequently, SCD inhibition dampened germinal center B‐cell responses following influenza immunization. Mechanistically, we found that SCD inhibition led to increased ER stress and enhanced TFH cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. These results reveal a possible link between fatty acid metabolism and cellular and humoral responses induced by immunization or potentially, autoimmunity.
Research on torque fluctuation suppression method of linear motor based on magnetic field orientation control
Authors: Liu Wei , Li Fengpeng , Jing Cheng , Wan Yidong , Wang Xingxing , Helali M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of torque fluctuation caused by uneven magnetic field of AC servo linear motor, a novel torque fluctuation suppression method based on magnetic field‐oriented control was proposed for a U‐type three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM) without iron core. Considering the nonideal magnetic field and the thrust fluctuation of winding, the d‐q coordinate model of PMSLM is established by coordinate transformation. Based on Matlab, PMSLM vector closed‐loop control system model is designed, and the compensation coefficient of torque fluctuation is determined. The prototype platform of PMSLM was built, and the driver with current loop, velocity loop, and position loop is designed. Then the influence of thrust fluctuation before and after suppression on the tracking error of velocity and position is studied. The experimental results show that the suppression of thrust fluctuation can greatly improve the speed fluctuation and position tracking accuracy.
Extenuation of phase shift influenced nonlinear impairments in fiber optics network
Authors: Ali Farman , Khan Yousaf , Muhammad Fazal , Habib Usman , Haq Abbas Ziaul , Ahmad Khan Maqsood , Ali Asar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTransmission of ultrahigh data rates through fiber optics networks (FONs) over long transmission distances in an intensity‐dependent refractive index medium suffers from nonlinear self‐steepening (NSS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). In this paper, a FON model is proposed to compensate NSS and SRS impairments, using a theoretical model and its verification through simulation for different set of parameters. The proposed FON is designed to support 8, 16, and 32 channels with dual polarization quadrature phase shift keying modulation format. The analysis is performed for a range of values for the transmission medium including nonlinear effective area, nonlinear refractive index, and nonlinear dispersion. Moreover, the performance of the proposed model is evaluated in terms of launch power, polarization variations, received power, and length of transmission fiber. The overall work is analyzed for transmission distances up to 1200 km for performance metric of bit error rate, eye diagram, and received symbols constellations diagram.
Microwave cooking increases sulforaphane level in broccoli
Authors: Lu Yingjian , Pang Xinyi , Yang Tianbao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSulforaphane (SFR), an anticarcinogenic compound, forms from the hydrolysis of glucoraphanin (GLR) in broccoli. Cooking methods have been shown to affect broccoli GLR and SFR levels, but little is known about the effect of lightly cooking processes on them. In this study, the effects of microwave and low‐temperature cooking on GLR and SFR contents in broccoli were investigated. Both microwaving and mild heating increased the GLR and SFR levels in broccoli compared to the raw samples (without any treatment). In particular, SFR level was significantly low under 40°C and dramatically increased from 40 to 60°C, but nothing was detected at 70°C. Compared with conventional heating, microwave heating increased the GLR and SFR yield by about 80% at 50 and 60°C. Microwave power level also influenced the SFR contents. At the same temperatures (50 and 60°C), high‐power microwave (950 W) with a short time produced over 40% more SFR than low‐power microwave treatment (475 W). Hence, mild heating by microwave could increase the GLR and SFR levels in broccoli, and high‐power microwave heating with temperature control at 60°C could retain higher bioavailability of these bioactive compounds in broccoli.