bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiver dementia training in caregiver‐patient dyads: Process evaluation of a randomized controlled study
Authors: Birkenhäger‐Gillesse Elizabeth G. , Achterberg Wilco P. , Janus Sarah I. M. , Zuidema Sytse U. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesWe performed a randomized controlled study to evaluate the effects of caregiver training on the well‐being of both people with dementia and their caregivers. Before the effect analysis, we conducted a process evaluation to estimate internal and external validity. This was anticipated to augment our understanding of the outcomes.MethodsWe focused on three questions. (a) Was the intervention performed as planned (internal validity)? (b) Can qualitative data be used to inform how the intervention evoked change? (c) Can the study outcomes be extrapolated to all caregivers living with people who have dementia (external validity)?ResultsResponses from participants assigned to the intervention group suggested that the intervention was feasible, could be performed as planned, and that modelling and discussions between participants were important. However, participant recruitment to the entire study was ultimately laborious because participants had issues with the study design (risk of being assigned to the control group) and referrers lacked familiarity with the training (new type of intervention). Participants were also younger and better educated compared with the general population. Some dropouts in the follow‐up period occurred due to the number of questionnaires, and this was more pronounced in the control group.ConclusionsAlthough we achieved high internal validity, we lack certainty about the external validity. We not only experienced general difficulty in recruiting participants but also tended to recruit a biased sample that was relatively young and well educated. These factors combine to limit our ability to extrapolate the results to the general population.
Numerical analysis of the carbon‐containing pellet direct reduction process with central heat transfer enhancement
Authors: Li Nan , Wang Feng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPellet heat transfer has always been one of the biggest limiting factors in its direct reduction process in the rotary hearth furnace (RHF). Therefore, strengthening its heat transfer process is very important for productivity in RHF. In this study, a coupling model of the carbon‐containing pellet reduction process considering porosity and chemical heat variation with intermediate media in its center was established. With the pellet radius R0 = 11 mm, the influence of the intermediate spherical medium radius r0, the offset position of the spherical medium , and the materials used on the overall pellet reduction process were analyzed. The results showed that the presence of a spherical medium in the pellet center can increase the temperature inside the pellet, leading to it being more advantageous for reduction of the pellet. With the increase of the medium radius r0, it becomes more favorable for the pellet reduction process, as the spherical medium is more efficient for heat conduction. With the increase of the offset value , the spherical medium acting as heat‐conducting material can allow the heat transferred to the pellet inside faster, which is also more favorable to the reduction process. In addition, when the spherical medium has a smaller effective volume heat capacity and a larger thermal conductivity k, it is more favorable for the pellet reduction process too. These results can serve as a reference for optimum pellet design in RHF.
A review on the application of the nanofluids
Authors: Dey Debashis , Sahu Dibyansu S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNanofluid has become popular with the advancement in nanotechnology. Nanofluid has comparatively better stability than the microfluid because here much smaller‐sized particles (nanometer size) are suspended in the base fluid. It has improved thermophysical properties and convective heat transfer coefficient than the base fluid alone. That is why researchers have implemented this novel heat transfer fluid in versatile fields. These are solar collectors, solar thermal energy storage, electronics cooling, cooling and heating, heat pipes, automobile radiator, refrigeration system, natural convection, quenching, and many other applications. These varied applications indicate that in imminent future nanofluid will play a major role in these fields. Though all these trials are at present at academic research level, however, with the advancement in nanotechnology, surface science, colloidal chemistry, and so forth this nanofluid will definitely play a major role in heat transfer in the coming days.
Improving forecasting accuracy of the Phillips curve in OECD countries: The role of commodity prices
Authors: Salisu Afees A. , Swaray Raymond , Sa'id Hadiza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate the power of commodity prices to improve inflation forecast performance in 21 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, within the framework of commodity prices‐augmented Phillips curve model. Using monthly data spanning over 57 years, we use single and multi‐factor predictor models, and Westerlund and Narayan (2012, 2015) estimator to address inherent issues of heteroscedasticity, persistence and endogeneity, which present empirical challenges to erstwhile attempts to forecast inflation. Contrary to Stock and Watson (1999) findings, our results overwhelmingly show that commodity prices significantly improve the power of Phillips curve‐based inflation forecasts in OECD countries. These findings hold for both core and headline measures of inflation, and within extensive in‐sample and various out‐of‐sample forecast horizons. In addition, we find differential degrees of commodity prices‐inflation pass‐through, with agricultural and energy commodity prices exerting the highest pass‐through to inflation. We further evaluate and compare the forecast performance of our augmented inflation forecast models with that of conventional random walk model as a benchmark. Our results overwhelmingly confirm that commodity prices‐augmented versions of inflation forecast models outperformed popular random walk models in all forecast horizons.
Does EVA valuation model outperform earnings valuation model in explaining market value of equity?
Authors: Behera Sujata 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost of the previous studies examine the efficiency of EVA versus accounting measures as a periodic performance measure. There is hardly any study conducted on examining and comparing the efficiency of EVA based valuation model with the earnings valuation model. However, this study examines and compares the efficiency EVA valuation with earnings valuation by conducting relative information content analysis across the years and on a year‐wise basis. It is observed that future growth value is the only difference between the two valuation models. This study further examines whether future growth value plays a significant role in increasing/decreasing the explanatory ability of EVA based valuation model compared to the earnings valuation model by conducting incremental information content analysis. It conducts both the analyses by using the sample data of 69 large‐cap, 88 mid‐cap and 79 small‐cap companies over the period 2002–17. The relative information content analysis conducted across the years reveals that large and small‐cap companies respond better to the earnings valuation model, whereas mid‐cap companies respond better to EVA based valuation model. The incremental analysis reveals that future growth value plays a significant role in increasing the decreasing explanatory ability of the EVA valuation model. The analysis conducted year‐wise manner also supported the fact.
Detecting crisis vulnerability using yield spread interconnectedness
Authors: Garcia Alvarado Fernando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the interconnections among foreign term spreads across different economies and their systemic implications on crisis vulnerability. The term spread, understood as the difference between long‐term and short‐term interest rates on Treasury securities, has a well‐known predictive ability to forecast economic recessions in the short‐run. An initial explanatory analysis evidences an increasing correlation between term spreads in the recent years and, in particular, the constitution of country clusters whose term structures share common latent factors. Moreover, these correlations seem to have augmented after the last international financial crisis. Further, the results from a probit model considering domestic term spreads, supply shocks on oil and energy prices, and an international term spread network structure reveal a statistically significant effect of term spread interconnectedness on future economic output. Following, this paper empirically shows how an increasing number of Granger‐causality in‐degree connections may be associated with a higher crisis vulnerability in the short‐run. Additionally, a panel data regression corroborates the latter result to be robust under a wide range of conditions. Thus, an economy whose term spread is significantly caused in the Granger sense by external yield rates may be more prone to experience future recessions.
Bone morphogenetic proteins in biomineralization of two endodontic restorative cements
Authors: Souza Tamara A. , Bezerra Mirna M. , Silva Paulo G. B. , Costa José J. N. , Carneiro Rayssa F. L. A. , Barcelos Janice O. F. , Vasconcelos Bruno C. , Chaves Hellíada V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo assess the effect of biodentine (BD) and MTA‐angelus (MTA) on biocompatibility, BMP2, BMP4, and osteocalcin (OC) expression. Subcutaneously implanted tubes of four groups (MTA, BD, Control, and Sham) were kept over 15, 30, and 60 days; histological analyses were performed using H&E and Von Kossa; ELISA quantified IL‐1β and IL‐8 expression; and qRT‐PCR verified gene expression of BMPs and OC. Sham showed slight changes in profile/intensity of inflammatory infiltrate in all periods. Control had an inflammatory score significantly higher than Sham at 15 days (p < .05). BD revealed a similar inflammatory response to Sham, without significant changes over periods. MTA group exhibited an increase in chronic inflammatory profile at 30 days, with significant reduction at 60 days, when compared to Sham (p < .05). At 30/60 days, experimental groups presented birefringent areas. At 30/60 days, BD and MTA significantly increase IL‐1β compared to Control, whereas an increase in IL‐8 was observed only in BD. At 30/60 days, BD produces an expression of BMP2 whereas MTA influenced BMP4 and OC. Materials tested are biocompatible and they have osteoinductive activity; the materials influenced the expression of the tested mediators differently, suggesting different affinities with the substrate and the dental substrates.
An edible genipin‐based sensor for biogenic amine detection
Authors: Mallov Ian , Jeeva Fiona , Caputo Christopher B 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood is often wasted due to real or perceived concerns about preservation and shelf life. Thus, precise, accurate, and consumer‐friendly methods of indicating whether food is safe for consumers are drawing great interest. The colorimetric sensing of biogenic amines released as food degrades is a potential way of determining the quality of the food. Herein, we report the use of the fruit extract genipin, a naturally occurring iridoid that reacts selectively with primary amines, as a colorimetric sensor for biogenic amines under conditions that mimic food degradation.RESULTSGenipin was shown to react with four biogenic amines: putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, and histamine, resulting in a dark blue dye under atmospheric conditions (λmax ~ 600 nm). In the absence of oxygen gas, this reaction provided a different response, instead yielding a red dye. Genipin was immobilized in edible calcium alginate beads and the gel beads were exposed to putrescine vapors and chicken samples. In both cases, the formation of blue dye demonstrated proof‐of‐concept that immobilized genipin can sense gaseous biogenic amines in timeframes and conditions relevant to food spoilage.CONCLUSIONGenipin can act as a highly selective, qualitative sensor for both biogenic amines and oxygen gas. Since food spoilage is triggered by O2, the dual colorimetric response that genipin has uniquely positions it as a promising sensor for food spoilage. By immobilizing the sensor in an edible calcium alginate matrix, biogenic amine vapors were detected at low concentrations. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Successful endotracheal intubation using i‐gel supraglottic airway device and ultrasonography in a patient with bedside cervical traction: A case report
Authors: Park Sin Ryul , Jeong Won Joon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe report a case of successful endotracheal intubation using i‐gel and ultrasonography without a laryngoscope in a patient with a bedside cervical traction device. A 57‐year‐old man was referred to the emergency department because of quadriparesis following a motor vehicle accident, who was confirmed to have cervical dislocation with spinal cord compression. For ventilation support, the i‐gel rescue airway device was placed to secure the patient airway temporarily. Then, an endotracheal tube was passed through the stem of the i‐gel while observing the optimal tube position with ultrasonography. This case showed that ultrasonography can be used for early confirmation of endotracheal tube placement into the trachea via the i‐gel.
Circ‐SLC8A1 regulates osteoporosis through blocking the inhibitory effect of miR‐516b‐5p on AKAP2 expression
Authors: Lin Cheng , Zhong Wenjun , Yan Wei , Yang Jinsong , Zheng Weiwei , Wu Qin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis is a disease characterized by bone loss, imbalance of bone metabolism and destruction of trabecular microarchitecture. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been revealed as important biological regulators in human diseases. The expression characteristics and mechanism of circRNAs in osteoporosis are unclear.MethodsThe binding sites of miR‐516b‐5p on circ‐SLC8A1 and AKAP2 mRNA were predicted using circAtlas (http://circatlas.biols.ac.cn) and miRDB (http://mirdb.org). Target sites of miR‐516b‐5p on circ‐SLC8A1 and AKAP2 mRNA were confirmed by a dual luciferase assay. The relationship between miR‐516b‐5p and AKAP2 was determined by a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase staining were used to observe the level of osteogenic differentiation after transfection.ResultsThe first six circRNAs captured from the 30 circRNAs with highest expression in the bone marrow were examined in a mouse model of osteoporosis and the expression of circ‐SLC8A1 was found to be significantly reduced in osteoporosis. Circ‐SLC8A1 negatively regulated the expression of miR‐516b‐5p. Overexpression of circ‐SLC8A1 blocked the inhibition of AKAP2 by miR‐516b‐5p.ConclusionsCirc‐SLC8A1 blocks the inhibitory effect of miR‐516b‐5p on the downstream target gene AKAP2 and promotes osteoporosis. The findings of the present might help to provide a new strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Radula formation in two species of Conoidea (Gastropoda)
Authors: Vortsepneva Elena , Herbert David G. , Kantor Yuri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe radula is the basic feeding structure in gastropod molluscs and exhibits great morphological diversity that reflects the exceptional anatomical and ecological diversity occurring in these animals. This uniquely molluscan structure is formed in the blind end of the radular sac by specialized cells (membranoblasts and odontoblasts). Secretion type, and the number and shape of the odontoblasts that form each tooth characterize the mode of radula formation. These characteristics vary in different groups of gastropods. Elucidation of this diversity is key to identifying the main patterns of radula formation in Gastropoda. Of particular interest would be a phylogenetically closely related group that is characterized by high variability of the radula. One such group is the large monophyletic superfamily Conoidea, the radula of which is highly variable and may consist of the radular membrane with five teeth per row, or the radular membrane with only two or three teeth per row, or even just two harpoon‐like teeth per row without a radular membrane. We studied the radulae of two species of Conoidea (Clavus maestratii Kilburn, Fedosov & Kantor, 2014 [Drilliidae] and, Lophiotoma acuta (Perry, 1811) [Turridae]) using light and electron microscopy. Based on these data and previous studies, we identify the general patterns of the radula formation for all Conoidea: the dorsolateral position of two groups of odontoblasts, uniform size, and shape of odontoblasts, folding of the radula in the radular sac regardless of the radula configuration. The morphology of the subradular epithelium is most likely adaptive to the radula type.
Failed Total Hip Arthroplasty: Diagnostic Performance of ConventionalMRIFeatures and Locoregional Lymphadenopathy to Identify Infected Implants
Authors: Albano Domenico , Messina Carmelo , Zagra Luigi , Andreata Mauro , De Vecchi Elena , Gitto Salvatore , Sconfienza Luca M. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundVery little has been published about the diagnostic performance of MRI in total hip arthroplasty (THA) infection.PurposeTo determine the diagnostic performance of conventional MRI features and of new lymph nodal indices to identify infection in patients with failed THA.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 119 patients (66 females; age 66.9 ± 12.4 years) with failed THA.Field Strength/SequencesMetal artifact reduction sequence (MARS) protocol including short tau inversion recovery and turbo spin‐echo T1‐ and T2‐weighted sequences at 1.5T.AssessmentPatients underwent pelvis MRI prior to failed THA revision. MRIs were reviewed to identify periprosthetic bone destruction, soft‐tissue mass, effusion, synovitis, lamellated synovitis, extracapsular edema, fibrous periprosthetic membrane, bone edema, and extracapsular collection/sinus tract. The number and maximum diameter of inguinal, obturator and iliac lymph nodes of the affected hip were assessed and normalized to those of the unaffected hip to calculate the ratio of nodal size (RNS), ratio of node number (RNN), difference of nodal size (DNS), and difference of node number (DNN).Statistical TestsThe Mann–WhitneyU‐and chi‐square test were used. Diagnostic performance of indices and odds ratios (OR) were calculated.ResultsRNS, RNN, DNS, and DNN indices were significantly different (P= 0.000) between infected and noninfected THA, with accuracies ranging from 84.8% (RNS) and 93.1% (RNN). All other MRI features were significantly more prevalent in infected THA (P ≤ 0.002), except bone destruction, periarticular soft‐tissue mass, and fibrous membrane (P ≥ 0.031). Sensitivities ranged from 7.9% (soft‐tissue mass) to 76.3% (effusion/bone edema), specificity from 45.7% (bone destruction) to 97.5% (synovitis/lamellated synovitis), accuracy from 49.6% (bone destruction) to 81.5% (synovitis), OR from 0.261 (soft‐tissue mass) to 35.550 (synovitis).Data ConclusionConventional MRI features have limited accuracy to differentiate septic and aseptic THA failure. Lymph nodal indices, particularly those related to nodal number, may represent biomarkers of THA infection.Evidence Level3Technical Efficacy Stage2
Prospective Deployment of Deep Learning in MRI: A Framework for Important Considerations, Challenges, and Recommendations for Best Practices
Authors: Chaudhari Akshay S. , Sandino Christopher M. , Cole Elizabeth K. , Larson David B. , Gold Garry E. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. , Lungren Matthew P. , Hargreaves Brian A. , Langlotz Curtis P. 
Published: August 2020

Artificial intelligence algorithms based on principles of deep learning (DL) have made a large impact on the acquisition, reconstruction, and interpretation of MRI data. Despite the large number of retrospective studies using DL, there are fewer applications of DL in the clinic on a routine basis. To address this large translational gap, we review the recent publications to determine three major use cases that DL can have in MRI, namely, that of model‐free image synthesis, model‐based image reconstruction, and image or pixel‐level classification. For each of these three areas, we provide a framework for important considerations that consist of appropriate model training paradigms, evaluation of model robustness, downstream clinical utility, opportunities for future advances, as well recommendations for best current practices. We draw inspiration for this framework from advances in computer vision in natural imaging as well as additional healthcare fields. We further emphasize the need for reproducibility of research studies through the sharing of datasets and software.Level of Evidence5Technical Efficacy Stage2
Quasi‐static numerical modeling of miniature RF circuits based on lumped equivalent circuits
Authors: Li Hongliang , Jin Jian‐Ming , Jachowski Doug , Silver Richard , Hammond Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA quasi‐static approach based on lumped equivalent circuits is presented and investigated for an efficient numerical analysis of miniature RF circuits. In this approach, the static capacitances and inductances including mutual capacitances and inductances of individual circuit components are first evaluated using the finite element method. An equivalent lumped circuit based on the calculated capacitances and inductances is then constructed for the entire circuit, whose analysis predicts the frequency responses of the circuit. The accuracy of this quasi‐static approach is investigated by comparing its solution with that of the full‐wave analysis based on Maxwell's equations. It is found that the quasi‐static analysis is very accurate for a miniature RF circuit whose electrical size is smaller than a fraction of the effective wavelength.
Pinpointing oxidative stress behind the white striping myopathy: depletion of antioxidant defenses, accretion of oxidized proteins and impaired proteostasis
Authors: Carvalho Leila M , Delgado Josué , Madruga Marta S , Estévez Mario 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset of the white striping (WS) myopathy with particular attention to the role of oxidative stress and protein oxidation in the loss of meat quality.RESULTSIt was found that WS‐M (moderate degree; white stripes <1 mm thickness) and WS‐S (severe degree; white stripes >1 mm thickness) breast presented higher pH, hardness, redness, lipid, and collagen content, and lower lightness than normal breast. Compared with the latter, WS‐S had a more severe loss of protein thiols (70.7% less thiols than in N), reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (23 versus 40 U g−1), glutathione peroxidase (0.21 versus 0.54 U g−1), and superoxide dismutase (56 versus 73 U g−1), and consequently, had greater accretion of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (0.64 versus 0.22 mg MDAkg‐1muscle), allysine (3.1 versus 1.9 nmol mg−1protein) and Schiff base structures (645 versus 258 fluorescent units). The analysis of sarcoplasmic proteins revealed that muscles severely affected by the myopathy suffered a chronic impairment of physiological (upregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, sarcalumenin and calsequestrin‐2) and metabolic processes (downregulation of pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase, andl‐lactate dehydrogenase).CONCLUSIONThe overexpression of ribonuclease / angiogenin inhibitor 1 and Kelch‐like proteins in WS chicken breasts indicates altered protein turnover plausibly mediated by oxidative stress and accumulation of oxidized proteins. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry