bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas Diffusion Flow Injection Analysis with Bulk Acoustic Wave Detection and the Applications for Determining Nitrogen, Carbon, or Sulfite Species in Varieties of Complex Matrixes
Authors: Yao Shou-Zhuo , Su Xiao-Li 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new flow injection analysis technique was developed for determining nitrogen, carbon, or sulfite species in varieties of complex matrixes. The method is based on the use of a bulk acoustic wave detector in combination with gas diffusion separation. Samples were injected into a carrier stream of water, merged with a reagent stream of an appropriate pH where the analyte was converted into a gaseous species, and diffused across a Teflon microporous membrane into a recipient stream. Then the trapped ionic compound in the recipient stream was monitored on-line with a bulk acoustic wave detector on the basis of sensitive response to changes of the solution conductance. The method is applied successfully for determining ammonium in Kjeldahl digest obtained from amino acids and blood proteins; total carbon, total inorganic carbon, and total organic carbon in waste and river waters; sulfite in wines and fruit juices; nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and total inorganic nitrogen in natural waters; and total ammonia and total carbon dioxide in blood. The throughput, detection limit, and precision of the proposed method varied from 20 to 78 samples/h, 1 to 10 μM, and 0.6 to 1.8%, respectively. The method was validated by comparison with conventional procedure such as titration, spectrophotometry, or gas-sensing electrode. Theoretical background, the potential interference, and influencing factors, including composition of the acceptor and donor streams, flow injection parameters, cell constant and operating voltage of the sensor, and temperature are also discussed in detail.
Cross-Validation in Linear Discriminant Analysis of Triacylglycerol Structural Data from Istrian Olive Oils
Authors: Favretto Luciana Gabrielli , Campisi Barbara , Favretto Luciano , Simonetti Maria Stella , Cossignani Lina , Damiani Pietro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the differentiation and classification of olive oil samples produced in the Istrian peninsula in 3 areas characterized by different climatic conditions: Capodistria and Parenzo and Pola. The triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction of 41 samples of virgin olive oil was analyzed. In particular, TAG stereospecific analysis was performed to obtain the positional distribution of the fatty acids in the glycerol backbone. The quantitative data were evaluated by using Linear Discriminant Analysis, and the results obtained showed a differentiation of the olive oil samples according to their geographical origin. A cross-validation procedure, the Leave-One-Out classifier, was applied to test the adequacy of the discriminant model.
Capillary Electrochromatography: A Powerful Tool for the Resolution of Complex Mixtures
Authors: Vallano Patrick T , Remcho Vincent T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Methods such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary liquid chromatography (LC) are particularly useful in the analysis of complex mixtures because of their high resolving power. Continued refinement of these techniques has led to a novel separation method known as capillary electrochromatography (CEC), also referred to as capillary electrokinetic chromatography, which is a combination of capillary LC and conventional CE. As in LC, mobile phase is transported through a column where partitioning of solutes occurs. In CEC, mobile phase flow is generated by electroosmosis, which arises when an electric potential is applied across the long axis of the capillary column. The favorable flow dynamics of electroosmosis result in higher chromatographic efficiencies in CEC relative to LC. If the species of interest are charged, a second separation mechanism is afforded by electrophoresis. CEC combines the high efficiency of capillary electrophoretic separations with the broad range of selectivity obtainable in LC. As such, CEC provides numerous advantages over other separation methods. This study introduces the theory, principles, instrumentation, and applications of this technique.
‘Simple photograph’ or work of art? Well-known image of Judges Falcone and Borsellino deemed insufficiently creative for protection under Article 2 of the Italian Copyright Act
Authors: Mancinella Matteo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rome Court of First Instance, 17th Civil Section specialized in enterprise matters, decision on 12 September 2019, No. 14758
The Rome Court of First Instance ruled that a well-known photograph depicting the Italian judges Falcone and Borsellino, relaxed and smiling during a conference in Palermo on 27 March 1992, does not fall within the scope of protection of Article 2 of the Italian Copyright Act because it is not characterized by sufficient creativity and because its author did not have an artistic objective in mind a priori.
The Marlowe corpus revisited
Authors: Ilsemann Hartmut 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Following Dr Barber’s unfortunate criticism (Barber, 2018, Marlowe and overreaching: a misuse of stylometry. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities, 34: 1–12), in which she, with an obvious lack of familiarity with them, subjected the Rolling Delta procedures used, to the caveats of Delta and traditional stylometry, this article makes use of an extended methodological framework and applies Rolling Delta to the target texts with a totality of reference texts. The outcome is different from the expected, since the author of Tamburlaine 1 and 2 emerges as stylistically also dominant in the anonymous play The Tragedy of Locrine, in Kyd’s closet play Cornelia, in Peele’s The Battle of Alcazar and David and Bethsabe. In contrast, the official Marlowe corpus relates stylistically to contemporary authors, but not to the two Tamburlaines. Traditional scholarship and learning do not refute conjectures of misattributed Peele plays and there are also strong indications that plays associated with Lord Strange’s Men nominally became Marlowe plays when Henslowe acquired them in 1594 for his Admiral’s Men and printers made use of the cult of personality, in which the author’s death became an important factor in the marketing of printed playbooks. Otherwise, there is no documentary and empirical evidence that Marlowe wrote the plays in question. The canonization of the plays occurred only in the nineteenth century, and the Marlowe we have inherited—the poet, spy, atheist, homosexual, and so on—is almost entirely an invention of the twentieth century (Hooks, 2018, Making Marlowe. In Melnikoff, K. and Knutson, R. (eds), Christopher Marlowe, Theatrical Commerce, and the Book Trade. Cambridge: University Press, p. 98).
Outflows in star-forming galaxies: Stacking analyses of resolved winds and the relation to their hosts’ properties
Authors: Roberts-Borsani G W , Saintonge A , Masters K L , Stark D V 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Outflows form an integral component in regulating the gas cycling in and out of galaxies, although their impact on the galaxy hosts is still poorly understood. Here we present an analysis of 405 high mass (log M*/M⊙ ≥ 10), star-forming galaxies (excluding AGN) with low inclinations at z ∼ 0, using stacking techniques of the Na D λλ5889, 5895 Å neutral gas tracer in IFU observations from the MaNGA DR15 survey. We detect outflows in the central regions of 78/405 galaxies and determine their extent and power through the construction of stacked annuli. We find outflows are most powerful in central regions and extend out to ∼1Re, with declining mass outflow rates and loading factors as a function of radius. The stacking of spaxels over key galaxy quantities reveals outflow detections in regions of high ΣSFR (≳0.01 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2) and $\Sigma _{M_{*}}$ (≳107 M⊙ kpc−2) along the resolved main sequence. Clear correlations with ΣSFR suggest it is the main regulator of outflows, with a critical threshold of ∼0.01 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2 needed to escape the weight of the disc and launch them. Furthermore, measurements of the Hδ and Dn4000 indices reveal virtually identical star formation histories between galaxies with outflows and those without. Finally, through stacking of H i 21 cm observations for a subset of our sample, we find outflow galaxies show reduced H i gas fractions at central velocities compared to their non-detection control counterparts, suggestive of some removal of H i gas, likely in the central regions of the galaxies, but not enough to completely quench the host.
Understanding divergent domestication traits from the whole-genome sequencing of swamp- and river-buffalo populations
Authors: Luo Xier , Zhou Yu , Zhang Bing , Zhang Yi , Wang Xiaobo , Feng Tong , Li Zhipeng , Cui Kuiqing , Wang Zhiqiang , Luo Chan , Li Hui , Deng Yanfei , Lu Fenghua , Han Jianlin , Miao Yongwang , Mao Huaming , Yi Xiaoyan , Ai Cheng , Wu Shigang , Li Alun , Wu Zhichao , Zhuo Zijun , Da Giang Do , Mitra Bikash , Vahidi Mohammad Farhad , Mansoor Shahid , Al-Bayatti Sahar Ahmed , Sari Eka Meutia , Gorkhali Neena Amatya , Prastowo Sigit , Shafique Laiba , Ye Guoyou , Qian Qian , Chen Baoshan , Shi Deshun , Ruan Jue , Liu Qingyou 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Domesticated buffaloes have been integral to rice-paddy agro-ecosystems for millennia, yet relatively little is known about the buffalo genomics. Here, we sequenced and assembled reference genomes for both swamp and river buffaloes and we re-sequenced 230 individuals (132 swamp buffaloes and 98 river buffaloes) sampled from across Asia and Europe. Beyond the many actionable insights that our study revealed about the domestication, basic physiology and breeding of buffalo, we made the striking discovery that the divergent domestication traits between swamp and river buffaloes can be explained with recent selections of genes on social behavior, digestion metabolism, strengths and milk production.
Finite-N corrections to the superconformal index of toric quiver gauge theories
Authors: Arai Reona , Fujiwara Shota , Imamura Yosuke , Mori Tatsuya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The superconformal index of quiver gauge theories realized on D3-branes in toric Calabi–Yau cones is investigated. We use the AdS/CFT correspondence and study D3-branes wrapped on supersymmetric cycles. We focus on brane configurations in which a single D3-brane is wrapped on a cycle, and we do not take account of branes with multiple wrapping. We propose a formula that gives finite-$N$ corrections to the index caused by such brane configurations. We compare the predictions of the formula for several examples with the results on the gauge theory side obtained by using localization for small sizes of gauge groups, and confirm that the formula correctly reproduces the finite-$N$ corrections up to the expected order.
Inside the black box: credibility and the situational power of central banks
Authors: Zayim Ayca 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the consensus that the power of finance constraints central banks under financial globalization, the variation in their autonomy from market forces at the micro level of monetary policymaking remains underexplored. This article demonstrates that credibility endows central banks with situational power to make monetary policy decisions that involve less sacrifice of economic growth to price stability. Based on the comparative analysis of the policy decisions of central banks in two emerging economies, South Africa and Turkey, during 2013–2014, I show that this policy space stems from central banks’ capacity to successfully influence market expectations. The argument relies on public texts and over 130 interviews with central bankers in South Africa and Turkey and financiers in Johannesburg, Istanbul and London. The findings contribute to literature on central bank credibility and communication by exploring how credibility functions and creates room for central banks to maneuver through influencing contingent and performative expectations.
The Effect of Pressure Injury Training for Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Gaeun , Park Mikyung , Kim Kyungwon 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To conduct a meta-analysis of the literature on training programs that aimed to improve nurses’ pressure injury management skills.

METHODS
Literature searches were conducted using Ovid-MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Korean databases. The search terms used were: (nurse* AND ((pressure OR decubitus) AND (ulcer* OR injur*)) OR bed sore OR bedsore OR decubitus) AND (program* OR training)). Random-effects models were used to calculate the standardized mean difference and odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to analyze the effects.

MAIN RESULTS
Initial searches yielded 1,067 studies. Of these, 23 met the selection criteria. Nurses’ knowledge (standard mean difference, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.50-1.96; P < .001), visual discrimination ability (standard mean difference, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.88-1.38; P < .001), and clinical judgment (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.46-1.57; P < .001) improved after the programs.

CONCLUSIONS
Pressure injury training programs can improve nurses’ competency. The results from this study indicate that such programs may help improve nurses’ knowledge, visual discrimination ability, and clinical judgment and can be considered continuing education programs. However, large-scale studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Data Driven Analysis Reveals Shared Transcriptome Response, Immune Cell Composition, and Distinct Mortality Rates Across Differing Etiologies of Critical Illness
Authors: Zador Zsolt , Landry Alexander , Balas Michael , Marshall John C. , Cusimano Michael D. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:Sepsis and trauma are common health problems and provide great challenges in critical care. Diverse patient responses to these conditions further complicate patient management and outcome prediction. Whole blood transcriptomics provides a unique opportunity to follow the molecular response in the critically ill. Prior results show robust and diverse genomic signal in the acute phase and others have found shared biological mechanisms across divergent disease etiologies. We hypothesize that selected transcriptomics responses, particularly immune mechanisms are shared across disease etiologies. We further hypothesize that these processes may identify homogenous patient subgroups with shared clinical course in critical illness deciphering disease heterogeneity. These processes may serve as universal markers for predicting a complicated clinical course and/or risk of a poor outcome.Design:We present a system level, data driven, genome-wide analysis of whole blood gene expression for a total of 382 patients suffering from either abdominal sepsis (49), pulmonary sepsis (107) or trauma (158) and compare these to gene expression in healthy controls (68).Patients and Setting:We relied on available open genetic data from gene expression omnibus for patients diagnosed with abdominal sepsis, community-acquired pneumonia, or trauma which also included healthy control patients.Measurements and Main Results:Our results confirm that immune processes are shared across disease etiologies in critical illnesses. We identify two consistent and distinct patient subgroups through deconvolution of serum transcriptomics: 1) increased neutrophils and naïve CD4 cell fractions and 2) suppressed neutrophil fraction. Furthermore, we found immune and inflammatory processes were downregulated in subgroup 2, a configuration previously shown to be more susceptible to multiple organ failure. Correspondingly, this subgroup had significantly higher mortality rates in all three etiologies of illness (0% vs 6.1%,p= 3.1 × 10–39for trauma; 15.0% vs 25.4%,p= 4.4 × 10–9for community-acquired pneumonia, and 7.1% vs 20.0%,p= 3.4 × 10–7for abdominal sepsis).Conclusions:We identify two consistent subgroups of critical illness based on serum transcriptomics and derived immune cell fractions, with significantly different survival rates. This may serve as a universal predictor of complicated clinical course or treatment response and, importantly, may identify opportunities for subgroup-specific immunomodulatory intervention.
PEG-LEG ARTERIOLES: AN ADAPTATION TO CHRONIC RETINAL HYPOPERFUSION
Authors: Pollock Stephen C. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To describe a heretofore unreported retinal vascular sign related to chronic retinal hypoperfusion.

Methods:
A case report of a 42-year-old woman who was found to have a novel pattern of retinal vascular remodeling in the setting of severe bilateral occlusive disease of the carotid and vertebral arteries.

Results:
The patient had a childhood history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, treated with external beam radiation. At age 35, she suffered bilateral occipital infarctions. A cerebral angiogram showed complete occlusion of both common carotid arteries and complete occlusion of the proximal segments of both vertebral arteries. Seven years after her stroke, examination of her fundus revealed a remarkable pattern of vascular remodeling that involved nearly all of the major retinal arterioles in both eyes. In each vessel, a narrowed proximal segment abruptly dilated to a larger-than-normal caliber at a distance of 1 to 2 disk diameters from the optic disk. The abnormally increased caliber extended into the retinal periphery.

Conclusion:
Chronic severe retinal hypoperfusion due to profound carotid occlusive disease can lead to adaptive remodeling of the retinal vasculature in a pattern that closely resembles the iconic image of a pirate's peg leg.
Impact of Daptomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration on Clinical Cure Rates for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Infections
Authors: Shah Sunish , Bandali Aiman , Pontiggia Laura , Bias Tiffany E. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infections are designated a serious threat. Recently, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute revised daptomycin breakpoints for Enterococcus faecium infections to reflect a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of less than 4 mg/L as susceptible dose dependent and 8 mg/L or greater as resistant. The objective was to compare clinical outcomes for patients who had a VRE bloodstream infection (BSI) and a daptomycin MIC of 2 mg/L or greater (low MIC group) versus a daptomycin MIC of 3 to 4 mg/L (high MIC group).

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective study of adult patients receiving 48 hours or more of daptomycin therapy. The following primary and secondary outcomes were assessed: microbiological cure, clinical cure, and 30-day all-cause mortality.

Results
Sixty-five patients were included in this analysis: 16 patients in the low MIC group and 49 in the high MIC group. Patients in the high MIC group received a longer duration of therapy (14.0 vs 7.5 days, P = 0.047), had a larger percentage of patients receiving concomitant antimicrobials (85.7% vs. 56.2%, P = 0.013), and were more likely to be infected with E. faecium (98.0% vs 56.2%, P < 0.001) compared with the low MIC group. Patients in the low MIC group had a significantly higher clinical cure rate (69.0% vs 31.0%, P = 0.009), microbiological cure rate (100.0% vs. 73.0%, P = 0.027), and a comparable 30-day all-cause mortality rate (19.0% vs 41.0%, P = 0.139) compared with the high MIC group.

Conclusions
High daptomycin MICs were associated with worse outcomes in our patient cohort with VRE BSIs.
Masters Athlete Screening Study (MASS): Insights Into the Psychological Impact of Cardiovascular Preparticipation Screening
Authors: Morrison Barbara N. , Zwaiman Ingrid , Isserow Saul , Taunton Jack , MacDonald Mackenzie , Cater Carlee , Velghe Jane , Hirsch Aliza , Warburton Darren E. R. , McKinney James 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To determine the psychological impact of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) diagnosis identified during preparticipation screening (PPS) of masters athletes.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Masters athletes diagnosed with CVD through the Masters Athletes Screening Study.

Participants:
Sixty-seven athletes (89.6% male, mean age at diagnosis 60.1 ± 7.1 years, range 40-76) with diagnoses of coronary artery disease (CAD) (73.1%), high premature ventricular contraction burden (9.0%), mitral valve prolapse (7.5%), atrial fibrillation (AF) (3.0%), bicuspid aortic valve (3.0%), aortic dilatation (1.5%), coronary anomaly (1.5%), and rheumatic heart disease (1.5%). Three participants had multiple diagnoses.

Intervention:
Online survey distributed to masters athletes identified with CVD.

Main Outcome Measures:
Assessment of psychological distress [Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R)], perceptions of screening, and preferred support by CVD type.

Results:
The median total IES-R and subscale scores were within the normal range {median [interquartile range (IQR)] total 2.0 [0-6.0]; intrusion 1.0 [0-3.0]; avoidance 0 [0-3.0]; hyperarousal 0 [0-1.0]}. Athletes with bicuspid aortic valve [20.5 (IQR, 4.0-37.0)], AF [7.0 (IQR, 0-14.0)], and severe CAD [5.5 (IQR, 1.0-12.0)] had the highest total IES-R scores. One individual with bicuspid aortic valve reported a significant stress reaction. Ten athletes (14.9%) had scores >12. Ninety-three percent of athletes were satisfied having undergone PPS. Preferred type of support varied by cardiovascular diagnosis.

Conclusions:
The majority of masters athletes diagnosed with CVD through PPS do not experience significant levels of psychological distress. Athletes diagnosed with more severe types of CVD should be monitored for psychological distress. Support should be provided through a multidisciplinary and individualized approach.
The Association of 5α-Reductase Inhibitor With Suicidality
Authors: Kim Jihoon A. , Choi Daein , Choi Seulggie , Chang Jooyoung , Park Sang Min 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Using a large nationwide cohort, this study aimed to determine the risk of suicide after the use of a 5α-reductase inhibitor, an antiandrogenic medication commonly used in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms.

Methods
A retrospective population-based cohort study was performed using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The study consisted of 51,466 men 60 years or older who underwent health examinations between 2005 and 2006. Individuals using a 5α-reductase inhibitor were compared with nonusers based on drug exposure between 2003 and 2006. Individuals using a 5α-reductase inhibitor were additionally divided into tertiles based on cumulative 5α-reductase inhibitor exposure. The incidence of completed suicide was documented during 7 years of follow-up, starting January 1, 2007.

Results
No significant risk of suicide was observed among 5α-reductase inhibitor users compared with 5α-reductase inhibitor nonusers (hazard ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval = 0.70–1.48). Cumulative 5α-reductase inhibitor exposure was also not associated with increased risk of suicide (p for trend = .543).

Conclusions
5α-Reductase inhibitor use was not associated with an elevated risk of suicide during a long-term follow-up period. A limitation of this study is that possible drug exposure after the index date was not accounted for. Although 5α-reductase inhibitor may increase the risk of depressive symptoms, the present data indicate that the drug is safe in terms of long-term suicide risk.