bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le cyberespace : espace de confrontation
Authors: Hérisson Audrey 
Published: June 2020

Comment définir le cyberespace? Ce terme, francisation du mot anglais cyberspace , souvent qualifié de mot-valise, de buzzword , est-il autre chose que la contraction opportuniste de deux termes : « cybernétique » et « espace » ? Il est un espace libre créé par l’homme dans sa soif de conquête et son besoin de conserver un ordre, un nomos , dans l’espace sous réglemen­tation internationale qu’est le monde physique.
Les espaces communs vus par Jules Verne
Authors: Motte Martin 
Published: June 2020

Jules Verne est depuis longtemps considéré comme un précurseur en matière de sciences et de techniques, mais cette réputation a quelque peu occulté sa pensée géopolitique. Or, certains de ses livres abordent de façon prémonitoire la question des espaces communs : ils montrent comment des sociétés privées, des États ou une combinaison des deux peuvent délibérément exploiter la confusion entre les notions de res nullius et de res communis pour s’approprier des ressources naturelles comme la Lune, les astéroïdes, les pôles et la mer. Dans ces écrits, Jules Verne extrapolait certains événements de son temps, en particulier le partage de l’Afrique ; mais le résultat annonce de façon frappante certaines des compétitions géopolitiques auxquelles nous assistons aujourd’hui.
Rendre les espaces transparents : la stratégie génétique au futur antérieur
Authors: Henrotin Joseph 
Published: June 2020

La « third offset strategy » actuellement mise en avant ne constitue pas tant une rupture dans la stratégie des moyens que la continuation d’un mouvement amorcé dès les années 1930. Concrètement, le déploiement des premiers radars puis leur mise en réseau a alors permis d’entrer dans une rationalité de « mise en transparence » des espaces stratégiques, qui se diffuse également dans le secteur terrestre.
La guerre des étoiles n’a pas eu lieu
Authors: Pitard-Bouet Jean-Christophe 
Published: June 2020

Dans un contexte de guerre la froide, la conquête spatiale a été vue par les USA et par l’URSS comme un facteur de puissance. Elle est associée aussi au développement des capacités balistiques et s’inscrit pleine­ment dans la course aux armements. Afin de maintenir une stabilité, la communauté internationale réagit extrêmement rapidement dès la fin des années 1950. Les différents travaux aboutissent à la ratification du traité de 1967 qui cadre les activités militaires dans l’espace extra-atmosphérique en interdisant par exemple toute action offensive. Malgré les tensions existantes, le vol habité devient un lieu de coopération entre les deux grands. Ainsi, la terre est le lieu de l’expression guerrière ; l’espace, celui de la démonstration de puissance.
Stratégie d’occupation et tactiques de combat dans l’espace électromagnétique
Authors: Ciaravola Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

Les espaces partagés sont ceux qui ne sont pas les habitats naturels des hommes. Certains ont une réalité matérielle (la mer, l’espace), d’autres non (l’internet, le spectre électromagnétique). On peut voir des analo­gies dans les modes d’action, civils comme militaires, de chacun de ces espa­ces, qu’il s’agisse de tactiques comme de stratégies. L’utilisation croissante de systèmes autonomes coordonnés par des algorithmes d’intelligence artificielle rend de plus en plus prégnant l’importance de la manœuvre dans l’espace électromagnétique : brouillage, choix agile des formes d’ondes, dissimulation par des signaux faibles, attaques et défenses cybernétiques locales, sont autant de modes d’actions nouveaux qui vont donner de nouvelles lettres de noblesse à la guerre électronique.
Limited Health Literacy and Hearing Loss Among Older Adults
Authors: Wells Timothy S. , Rush Steven R. , Nickels Lorraine D. , Wu Lizi , Bhattarai Gandhi R. , Yeh Charlotte S. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Effective communications between health care providers and patients are critical for high-quality health care.

Objective:
This study sampled adults age 65 years and older to explore (1) characteristics associated with limited health literacy (LHL) and (2) medical costs and gaps in care based on health literacy, hearing loss, and hearing aid use status.

Methods:

The study included 19,223 adults age 65 years and older who completed a health survey that was linked to his or her medical claims that were generated after medical care provided in the year prior to survey completion. Health literacy, hearing loss, and hearing aid use were assessed through self-reports. Health literacy was coded as
limited
and
adequate
. Hearing loss and hearing aid use were coded into five categories: no hearing loss, unaided mild, aided mild, unaided severe, and aided severe hearing loss.

Key Results:
Seven percent reported LHL and 41% reported hearing loss. Hearing loss, especially unaided severe, was associated with LHL, as were memory loss, depression, loneliness, older age, and male gender. People with aided severe hearing loss and LHL had higher annual medical costs than those with adequate health literacy. Similarly, those with no hearing loss and LHL had higher annual medical costs than those with adequate health literacy.

Conclusions:

Unaided mild, aided severe, and unaided severe hearing loss were positively associated with LHL, although the association was reduced among hearing aid users. Specifically, aided mild or severe hearing loss had lower odds of LHL, compared to unaided mild or severe hearing loss, respectively. We also observed that people with both hearing loss and LHL were more likely to have higher medical costs. Continued focus on solutions to address both LHL and hearing loss remains warranted.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2020;4(2):e129–e137.]

Plain Language Summary:
Health survey and medical claims data were used for this study. Hearing loss, especially unaided severe, was associated with limited health literacy, as were memory loss, depression, loneliness, older age, and male gender. Those with both limited health literacy and hearing loss had the highest medical costs. Health literacy and hearing loss can affect health care communications, warranting further study.
QUANTUMIZED GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR SEGMENTATION AND OPTIMIZATION TASKS
Authors: Sabeti Malihe , Karimi Laleh , Honarvar Naemeh , Taghavi Mahsa , Boostani Reza 
Published: June 2020

Specialists mostly assess the skeletal maturity of short-height children by observing their left hand X-Ray image (radiograph), whereas precise separation of areas capturing the bones and growing plates is always not possible by visual inspection. Although a few attempts are made to estimate a suitable threshold for segmenting digitized radiograph images, their results are not still promising. To finely estimate segmentation thresholds, this paper presents the quantumized genetic algorithm (QGA) that is the integration of quantum representation scheme in the basic genetic algorithm (GA). This hybridization between quantum inspired computing and GA has led to an efficient hybrid framework that achieves better balance between the exploration and the exploitation capabilities. To assess the performance of the proposed quantitative bone maturity assessment framework, we have collected an exclusive dataset including 65 left-hand digitized images, aged from 3 to 13 years. Thresholds are estimated by the proposed method and the results are compared to harmony search algorithm (HSA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), quantumized PSO and standard GA. In addition, for more comparison of the proposed method and the other mentioned evolutionary algorithms, ten known benchmarks of complex functions are considered for optimization task. Our results in both segmentation and optimization tasks show that QGA and GA provide the best optimization results in comparison with the other mentioned algorithms. Moreover, the empirical results demonstrate that QGA is able to provide better diversity than that of GA.
Road Traffic Accidents Among Commercial Motorcyclists
Authors: Obadeji Adetunji , Kumolalo Banji Ferdinand , Bamidele Janet Oluisayo , Olasehinde Tolulope Funmilayo 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) constitute a major source of death, morbidity, and disability, with a disproportionate number occurring in developing nations. This study was aimed at evaluating the rate of RTA among commercial motorcyclists and identified psycho-social as well as substance use variables associated with it.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study among commercial motorcyclists in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Participants were assessed with sociodemographic questionnaire, the condensed Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test and Patient Health Questionnaire, the 9-item version. Chi-square tests and the odds of developing RTA were calculated for current substance use variables and other variables of interest.

Results:
Two hundred and thirty-four (51.3%) reported to have experienced one form of accident or the other, of which majority reported major injuries that necessitated hospital in-patient care and 3.0% had fatality. No significant association between history of RTA and sociodemographic characteristics (P > 0.05). Participants with a history of current marijuana use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89–3.51]) tobacco use (OR = 1.45 [95% CI = 0.90–2.34]), alcohol use (OR = 1.49 [95% CI = 1.02–2.17]), and depression (OR = 1.50 [95%CI = 0.97–2.33]) had a higher risk of experiencing RTA compared to those without such history. Significantly, those with a history of current use any substance (OR = 1.55 [95% CI = 1.07–2.24]) (P = 0.04) and alcohol (OR = 1.49 [95% CI = 1.02–2.17]) (P = 0.02) were more likely to have had RTA compared to those without history of current use of any substance.

Conclusion:
There is a high rate of RTA among motorcyclists studied, with most reporting a major accident that required some form of hospital care, thus increasing the burden on the already over-burdened health systems. Among other factors, effort at reducing RTA among motorcyclists should also focus on reducing substance use.
The Number of Non-cyclic Sylow Subgroups of the Multiplicative Group Modulo n
Authors: Pollack Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor each positive integer n, let $U(\mathbf {Z}/n\mathbf {Z})$ denote the group of units modulo n, which has order $\phi (n)$ (Euler’s function) and exponent $\lambda (n)$ (Carmichael’s function). The ratio $\phi (n)/\lambda (n)$ is always an integer, and a prime p divides this ratio precisely when the (unique) Sylow p-subgroup of $U(\mathbf {Z}/n\mathbf {Z})$ is noncyclic. Write W(n) for the number of such primes p. Banks, Luca, and Shparlinski showed that for certain constants $C_1, C_2>0$, $$ \begin{align*} C_1 \frac{\log\log{n}}{(\log\log\log{n})^2} \le W(n) \le C_2 \log\log{n} \end{align*} $$ for all n from a sequence of asymptotic density 1. We sharpen their result by showing that W(n) has normal order $\log \log {n}/\log \log \log {n}$.
Prevalence and factors associated with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection among treatment naïve dyspeptic adults in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Odigie A.O. , Adewole A.J. , Ekunwe A.A. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Infectious diseases such as malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis have received tremendous attention globally but inspite of the widespread nature of infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, little attention has been paid to it especially in the developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with H. pylori infection among dyspeptic patients attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study of 354 treatment naive dyspeptic patients aged 18 to 44 years, recruited consecutively after obtaining institutional ethical approval and subjects’ informed consent. A pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain subjects’ data. The stool antigen test was used to detect H. pylori infection. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the subject participants was 34.2% (38.4% in female, 24.0% in male, p=0.009). The age group < 20 years had the highest prevalence of 40%. Gender, occupation, increased body mass index, high number of household occupants, and rural dwelling, were significantly associated with H. pylori infection (p<0.05) and alcohol intake was inversely related to H. pylori infection (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori infection in University of Benin Teaching Hospital is high and factors such as gender, obesity, occupation with risk of contact, low socio-economic status, and poor hygiene, may be responsible for this.Keywords: Dyspepsia, Helicobacter pylori, infection, stool antigen test
Implementation of the FIRM (Foley Insertion, Removal, and Maintenance) protocol in skilled nursing facilities
Authors: Gokula Murthy , Gaspar Phyllis M 
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and outcomes of the implementation of an evidence based protocol, Foley Insertion Removal and Maintenance (FIRM) for the use and care management of indwelling urinary catheters (IUC) for skilled nursing facilities (SNF). The protocol consists of an order set for insertion, maintenance, and removal complemented with an education program for health care providers of SNF. It was implemented over a six month period in two SNF. Prospective chart review following implementation revealed an 11.3 rate of IUC per month. Documentation of the indication for placement of an IUC was 98.5%. Retrospective chart review revealed a lower use of IUC prior to implementation of the protocol but the lack of documentation of orders for IUC artificially reduced the rate. FIRM protocol is advocated as a facility policy with a nurse champion to facilitate implementation and surveillance.
Streptococcus Pneumoniae Urinary Tract Infection in 3-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Lubarsky Daniel 
Published: June 2020

Streptococcus pneumonia is a gram-positive bacteria most commonly associated with respiratory tract infections such as acute otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia. While a common cause of upper respiratory infections, the current Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines on Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) do not cite S. pneumoniae as a cause for UTIs in children. In addition, previous research associating S. pneumonia with UTIs has been scarce. We report the case of a three-year-old girl presenting to the emergency room with abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever. Her clinical picture was consistent with right sided pyelonephritis. A urine analysis (UA) was conducted which showed trace leukocyte esterase, 150mg/dL ketones, 21-50 WBCs, and negative nitrites. A blood culture returned positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae along with right kidney hydronephrosis on ultrasound. This patient presented with a full clinical picture of pyelonephritis, fever, leukocytosis, elevated CRP and Procalcitonin levels, and later found to be S. pneumoniae positive. Although the urine culture did not grow any definitive single bacteria as a causative agent, due to the presentation of pyelonephritis along with CVA tenderness, dysuria, and a positive blood culture, we conclude the patient was exhibiting urosepsis due to S. pneumoniae. Upon discovering previous case reports noting S. pneumoniae as a possible agent for UTIs, we believed this bacterium to be contributing to the patient’s symptoms. While S. pneumoniae has only been a rarely reported cause of UTIs, we believe there is sufficient evidence that demonstrates S. pneumoniae to at least be considered a possible contributing cause of UTIs, especially if the patient has a coinciding septic picture.
Contributors: Daniel Lubarsky (a) (1) Daniel Garcia (b) and Deepa Mukundan (c)
(a) M.D. Candidate, Class of 2021, The University of Toledo Heath Science Campus, Toledo, OH, USA, (b) Department of Pediatrics, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, USA , and (c) Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, The University of Toledo Heath Science Campus, Toledo, OH, USA
Silvia Nassif, Tucumán en llamas. El cierre de ingenios y la lucha obrera contra la dictadura (1966-1973) (2016)
Authors: Mangiantini Martín 
Published: June 2020

Reseña de Silvia Nassif, Tucumán en llamas. El cierre de ingenios y la lucha obrera contra la dictadura (1966-1973), Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 2016, 730 pgs.
Ayurvedic Interventions for Psoriasis
Authors: S Mundada Pallavi , Deshmukh Saylee , Saketh Ram T , S Gundeti Manohar 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Psoriasis produces significant adverse effects on the psychological and social aspects of the patient, mainly because of its visibility. World Health Organization's (WHO) recent Global Report on Psoriasis states that there are many unmet research gaps in psoriasis with respect to treatment and ways to improve healthcare services. Clinical Research on psoriasis should focus on options that can be applicable globally, on a large-scale. Plenty of studies individually proving efficacy of various Ayurvedic treatment modalities in subjective and objective improvement of psoriasis are published. Systematic reviews of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) on psoriasis are available, but these studies do not include Ayurvedic interventions.

Aim:
Thorough review of published data of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of psoriasis to provide more precise estimates of safety and effectiveness of Ayurvedic interventions for psoriasis.

Objective:
Outlining the protocol to conduct a Systematic Review of published studies examining the effects of Ayurvedic interventions on psoriasis.

Materials and methods:
The preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocols guidelines, The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, the consolidated standards of reporting trials guidelines, guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews provided the design to conduct and report the protocol, structure research question and search term selection and the data extraction form; though some adaptations may be made with regard to search terms, data synthesis, and evaluating the risk of bias.

Trial registration number:
PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018097298.

Dissemination:
The SR will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The review will be updated to inform and guide healthcare practice and policy.
Clinical Evaluation of Kalyanaka Ghrita in the Management of Cognitive Deficit in Children
Authors: Ramana GV , Yadav Babita , Gupta Hemant Kumar , Sahoo Srinibash , Chaudhary Shweta , Khanduri Shruti , Rana Rakesh , Singhal Richa 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Cognitive deficit denotes the condition characterized by impairment in the cognitive and intellectual functions. In children, it is usually detected in early schooling, wherein the children lag in processing of information including thinking, memory, perception, motivation, skilled movements and language.

Aim:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Kalyanaka Ghrita in the management of cognitive deficit in children.

Materials and methods:
A prospective, open-label study was carried out in 40 participants clinically diagnosed as cognitive deficit by administering Kalyanaka Ghrita (6 g) twice daily after food along with lukewarm water for a period of 90 days. The parameters used to assess intelligence quotient (IQ) included Binet Kamat test (BKT), and modified mini-mental status examination (MMMSE). The participants were assessed periodically at baseline (zero day), on 30th, 60th, and 90th day. Parental perception was obtained at the end of the trial. Paired sample t test was used to compare mean change in values from baseline score to the 90th day score.

Results:
On comparison of the baseline scores with that at the end of the 90th day showed a statistically significant improvement in BKT and MMMSE scores (p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in laboratory parameters.

Conclusion:
Based on the results obtained at the end of the study, it can be interpreted that Kalyanaka Ghrita is safe and effective in children with cognitive deficit.
A Systematic Review Protocol Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Ayurvedic Interventions for Glaucoma
Authors: BM Bhavya , Naik Raghvendra , MN Shubhashree 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:The features of glaucoma have similarities with those ofAdhimanthaas mentioned in Ayurveda, where it exhibits features based on theDoshasinvolved. The aim of this study is to conduct systematic review of published studies in view of safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in the management of glaucoma and to run meta-analysis of the published clinical data if sufficient homogeneous studies are available.Materials and methods:This systematic review process would include review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental designs, multiple arms clinical trials and observational studies (case series and case control) on the management of glaucoma orAdhimanthathrough Ayurvedic interventions. Interventions and procedures administered from a minimum of 7 days to maximum of 6 months will be included. Electronic databases search through Ayurvedic research databases and medical journal databases such as MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane register, Scopus, EMBASE, directories of open access journals and hand searching will be done using predefined search terms to identify relevant studies which would include studies done between January 1990 and January 2020. The study selection, data extraction, analysis, and synthesis of results will be done by three researchers. Study selection will follow the symptomatology of Adhimantha/glaucoma as explained in different classical texts of Ayurveda, and the quality of studies will be assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias assessment for RCT and non-RCTs. The heterogeneity of reviewed studies will be evaluated by examining forest plots, and meta-analysis will be planned by using quantitative synthesis if they are sufficiently homogeneous.Ethics approval:Formal ethical approval is not necessary as the primary data of patients will not be collected. The final results of the review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration number:PROSPERO 2019: CRD42019133911.