bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Рядък случай на цепка на устната – хирургично-ортодонтско лечение
Authors: Пеев Илия , Тончев Цветан 
Published: November 2019

Тъй като в България до скоро не съществуваше уеднаквен стандарт за лечение на деца с вродени лицеви аномалии (ВЛА), се наблюдават различни по своята тежест проблеми, свързани със семейството, обществото и специалистите: ранна пренатална диагностика; превенция на изоставянето на децата с ВЛА; клиничен протокол, който да координира работата на специалистите; единствено хирургичното лечение се заплаща от НЗОК; социална стигма на пациентите с ВЛА.
Впоследствие, специалисти от различни страни на Европа, сред които и България, ратифицират Техническия доклад CEN/TR 16824:2015 „Ранни грижи при бебета, родени с цепнатина на устната и/или небцето“ на Европейския комитет по стандартизация (CEN) през 2015 г. На основата на този документ е издаден български аналог, с цел подпомагане на семействата в нужда, уеднаквяване на критериите за оценка на клиницистите и възможности за международно сътрудничество за подпомагане и постигане на устойчиви резултати.
Slowing of the Solar Wind in the Outer Heliosphere
Authors: Elliott Heather A. , McComas David J. , Zirnstein Eric J. , Randol Brent M. , Delamere Peter A. , Livadiotis George , Bagenal Fran , Barnes Nathan P. , Stern S. Alan , Young Leslie A. , Olkin Catherine B. , Spencer John , Weaver Harold A. , Ennico Kimberly , Gladstone G. Randall , Smith Charles W. ,   New Horizons Plasma and Particle Team
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study provides a deeper understanding of how the solar wind evolves with increasing distance from the Sun as it encounters an increasing amount of interstellar material. This work extends our prior work by (1) extending the solar wind proton data radial profiles for New Horizons (NH) out to nearly 43 au, (2) quantifying the observed amount of slowing in the solar wind in the outer heliosphere by performing a detailed comparison between the speeds at NH (21–43 au) with speeds at 1 au, and (3) resolving discrepancies between the measured amount of slowing and estimates of the amount of slowing determined from the measured amount of interstellar pickup present in the solar wind. We find that the solar wind density radial profile may decrease at nearly or slightly less than a spherical expansion density profile. However, the temperature profile is well above what would be expected for an adiabatic profile. By comparing outer and inner heliospheric solar wind observations, we find the solar wind speed is reduced by 5%–7% between 30 and 43 au. We find the solar wind polytropic index (γ
sw) steeply decreases toward zero in the outer heliosphere (21–43 au) with a slope of ∼0.031 au−1. Using both this radial variation in γ
sw and the measured amount of interstellar pickup ions, we estimate the slowing in the solar wind and obtain excellent agreement with the observed slowing.
Orbital Evolution of Eccentric Low-mass Companions Embedded in Gaseous Disks: Testing the Local Approximation
Authors: Sánchez-Salcedo F. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study the tidal interaction between a low-mass companion (e.g., a protoplanet or a black hole) in orbit about a central mass, and the accretion disk within which it is submerged. We present results for a companion on a coplanar orbit with eccentricity, e, between 0.1 and 0.6. For these eccentricities, dynamical friction arguments in its local approximation, that is, ignoring differential rotation and the curvature of the orbit, provide simple analytical expressions for the rates of energy and angular momentum exchange between the disk and the companion. We examine the range of validity of the dynamical friction approach by conducting a series of hydrodynamical simulations of a perturber with softening radius R
soft embedded in a two-dimensional disk. We find close agreement between predictions and the values in simulations provided that R
soft is chosen sufficiently small, below a threshold value

, which depends on the disk parameters and on e. We give

for both razor-thin disks and disks with a finite scale height. For point-like perturbers, the local approximation is valid if the accretion radius is smaller than

. This condition imposes an upper value on the mass of the perturber.
Depth-Dependent Reduction of Biomechanical Efficacy of Contact Lens–Assisted Corneal Cross-linking Analyzed by Brillouin Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Roozbahani Mehdi , Piccinini Andre L. , Golan Oren , Hafezi Farhad , Scarcelli Giuliano , Randleman J. Bradley 
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE:
To determine the relative impact of contact lens– assisted corneal cross-linking (CACXL) and standard protocol CXL (CXL) on regional corneal stiffness using Brillouin microscopy.

METHODS:
CXL and CACXL were performed on 30 intact fresh porcine eyes (15 per group). Depth profile of stiffness variation and averaged elastic modulus of anterior, middle, and posterior stroma were determined by Brillouin maps. Corneas were cut into strips to conduct mechanical stress-strain tests after Brillouin microscopy to evaluate stiffness difference between CXL and CACXL. Each eye served as its own control.

RESULTS:

CXL had a greater impact on corneal stiffness, with a maximum increase of 5.74% compared to 3.99% for CACXL (
P
< .001). CXL increased longitudinal modulus by 7.8% in the anterior, 1.7% in the middle, and −0.7% in the posterior regions compared to CACXL, which increased longitudinal modulus by 5.5% in the anterior (
P
< .001), 1.2% in the middle (
P
= .15), and −0.4% in the posterior regions (
P
= .60). Mechanical stress-strain tests showed that at 10% strain averaged Young's modulus was 5 MPa for CXL and 2.97 MPa for CACXL (
P
< .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Both CACXL and standard protocol CXL induced significant corneal stiffening primarily concentrated in the anterior cornea. CACXL leads to less stiffening compared with CXL. An attenuated but continuous stiffening effect can be observed through the whole cornea for both CACXL and CXL, although CACXL has a smaller stiffness gradient.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(11):721–728.]
Retrieving the specialised substance from a corpus of professional discourse in the field of Records and Information Management
Authors: Millot Philippe 
Published: November 2019

Cet article vise à approfondir notre connaissance des discours professionnels dans le domaine de la gestion de l’information et de la documentation, à partir d’un corpus spécialisé. Après un bref résumé de la longue tradition des travaux en analyse des discours professionnels, nous présentons une méthode de compilation et d’analyse d’un corpus dans le domaine de la gestion de l’information, notamment dans le but d’identifier sa « matière spécialisée ». Cette matière est mise en évidence par trois micro-analyses : celle du processus de spécialisation des catégories sémantiques générales de l’anglais, celle de la cohérence sémantique, et celle de dimensions sémantiques spécifiques. Nos résultats montrent tout d’abord que la gestion de l’information peut être considérée comme un registre spécialisé de l’anglais. Ils montrent ensuite que la comparaison d’une variété professionnelle avec l’usage général fournit une vue partielle du spécialisé-professionnel et qu’il convient d’envisager la création de dimensions sémantiques ad hoc.
Exposure and Knowledge of Sharps Injuries among Medical Students in Seven States of Mexico
Authors: Camacho-Ortiz Adrián , Díaz-Rodríguez Xiomara , Martínez-Palomares Mayra , Hernández-García, Raúl , Chávez-Moreno Susana , Garza-González Elvira , Valdez-Vázquez Rafael , Díaz-Pino Irlanda 
Published: November 2019

Background: Medical students are vulnerable to accidental exposure to blood-borne pathogens when performing clinical activities. Knowledge of both the prevalence of exposure and necessary reporting procedures is important to minimize the risk of harm to medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of medical students from 19 universities from seven states in Mexico was utilized to determinethe prevalence of needle stick injuries amongst medical students and the associated reporting procedures. Results: We included 312 respondents; of these, 52.24% were men and 47.76% were women, and the mean age was 23.19 years (SD ± 2.11 years). Nearly all of them (94.23%) were medical students doing clerkships in public hospitals. Mean knowledge score of blood-borne pathogens was 3.6 (SD ± 1.16) on a scale of 0-10 designed specifically for this study. Thirty-five per cent of the respondents had sustained a needle stick injury at some point during their medical school training, and 33.97% reported some type of mucocutaneous exposure. Overall, the non-reporting rate of needle stick injury was 48.34%. Approximately 25% of the respondents were not familiar with reporting procedures in the event of a needle stick injury or mucocutaneous exposure; 61.50% had received information from their hospital about the standard protocol to follow after a blood or body fluid exposure. Conclusion: In this Mexican population of medical students, there is a high risk of suffering needle stick injuries during medical training. Furthermore, knowledge regarding prevention, evaluation, and reporting of needle stick injuries is suboptimal.
Prevalence of Impostor Phenomenon among Medical Students in a Malaysian Private Medical School
Authors: Ikbaal Muhammad Yassin , Salim Musa Nurhazirah 'Aqilah 
Published: November 2019

Background: Impostor phenomenon is described as an "internal experience of intellectual fraudulence" among high achievers, which include medical students who often doubt their ability to become good doctors in the future. This study sought to determine the prevalence of impostor phenomenon among medical students and how impostorism is correlated with other psychological distresses namely anxiety, depression and low self-esteem.
Methods: To conduct this cross-sectional study, various scales were distributed to all 4th-year medical students in Melaka-Manipal Medical College (MMMC), Muar campus to measure impostorism, depression, anxiety and self-esteem. Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) was used to measure impostorism and a score of 62 was set as the cut off value to classify a participant as an "imposter".
Results: Out of 300, 256 (85.3%) students completed the questionnaires. 48% and 44% of male and female students respectively scored as ‘impostors’ with no significant difference between the two genders. Positive correlations were noted between impostor phenomenon with low self-esteem (rho=0.56), depression (rho=0.42) and anxiety (rho=0.41). Impostors significantly have stronger intentions of quitting medical school (p < 0.001) and felt that they were not ready to cope with challenges during housemanship (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Impostors suffer greatly from psychological distress. They are not confident to face the future challenges of housemanship and have stronger intentions of quitting the course. It is necessary for medical colleges to acknowledge this feeling and help the students to cope with it to ensure a smooth transition from medical school to housemanship period.
Self-medication among Undergraduate Medical Students of Alexandria Faculty of Medicine: Where do We Stand?
Authors: Ramadan Marwa , Eltaweel Asmaa , El Nakhal Tamwe , Hemead Hanan , Maraqa Abdelrahman , Abish Doha , Essam Rana , Baraka Azza 
Published: November 2019

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of self-medication among undergraduate medical students in Alexandria Faculty of Medicine and recognize the patterns and the attitude of students towards intake.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students attending Alexandria Faculty of Medicine from both national and international programs during the period of June 2013 until October 2013. A self-administrated, semi-constructed questionnaire was used to assess the practice of self-medication among 408 students who were randomly selected using a stratified random sample technique.
Results: Self-medication was reported by 208 (52.7%) students, with no significant difference between males and females. The highest percentage of self-medication was reported among those who have completed six years of academic study and the lowest was reported among those who have completed two years of academic study. There was a statistically significant association between educational stage (preclinical and clinical) practice of self-medication. Most common medications involved were analgesic and anti-inflammatory followed by decongestants, antimicrobials and antihistaminic drugs. 309 (78.8%) students believed that self-medication is acceptable.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that self-medication is practiced by more than half of undergraduate medical students in the Faculty of Medicine - Alexandria University. Acquiring medical knowledge seems to be associated with the practice of self-medication. Therefore, more attention should be paid to medical curricula to raise awareness and limit the hazardous effects of this phenomenon
Mortalidade neonatal em Luanda, Angola: o que pode ser feito para sua redução?
Authors: Rodrigues Ema Cunha , Alves Beatriz da Costa Aguiar , Veiga Glaucia Luciano da , Adami Fernando , Carlesso Juliana Spat , Figueiredo Francisco Winter dos Santos , Azzalis Ligia Ajaime , Junqueira Virginia Berlanga Campos , Fonseca Alexandre Luiz Affonso , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: One of the main health indicators is infant mortality rate, which is a metric of living conditions and population development. The goal of reducing neonatal mortality requires an adequate knowledge of the real factors at each level of health care so that maternal and human resources are efficiently channeled to the constraint. Countries that have paid special attention to improving health services for the entire pregnancy-puerperal cycle have attained the reduction of infant mortality, especially early neonatal mortality. Objective: The present study aims to describe the profile and analyze the risk factors associated with neonatal mortality in the Angolan context at a tertiary level public maternity hospital, located in Luanda. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, using secondary data, of provincial base in hospital and ministerial registry instruments from January to December 2012. Results: The results show that the neonatal deaths are not mere occurrences, since they indicate failures of the political powers, professionals of the health system and of the families. Conclusions: This study suggests that the major risk factor for birth mortality in Luanda is the type of delivery (c-section) and that this data is not related to the age of the mother or to premature birth. We also found that there was higher mortality between May and July, during the period of lower rainfall index in the region. However, further studies are needed that may provide a logical framework and arguments for realistic policies to mitigate neonatal mortality.
Prenatal quality and clinical conditions of newborns exposed to syphilis
Authors: Pastro Déboranh de Oliveira Togneri , Farias Bruna Pereira , Garcia Otávio Augusto Gurgel , Gambichler Bianca da Silva , Meneguetti Dionatas Ulises de Oliveira , Silva Rita do Socorro Uchôa da 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum, and results in considerable morbidity and mortality. Congenital syphilis can lead to miscarriage, prematurity, bone deformities, hearing loss and other important clinical changes. Objective: To analyze prenatal quality and clinical conditions of newborns exposed to syphilis in a public maternity hospital in Rio Branco-Acre. Method: This is a cross-sectional study that included 92 mothers diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy, attended from July to December 2017. Two pregnant women had fetal death, and the final sample consisted of 90 newborns exposed to syphilis. An interview with the postpartum woman was used, analysis of the pregnant woman's card and search for information from the pregnant woman's records and newborns. It was considered confirmed case of syphilis in pregnant woman: a) All pregnant women who presented non-treponemal reagent test with any titration and reagent treponemal test performed during prenatal care; b) Pregnant woman with reagent treponemal test and nonreactive or unreacted nontreponemal test, without previous treatment record. To characterize congenital syphilis we considered: a) newborn whose mother was not diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy and who presented a nontreponemal test reactive with any titration at the time of delivery; b) child whose mother was not diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy and had a non-treponemal test reagent at the time of delivery; c) newborns whose mother presented a reactive treponemal test and a nonreactive non-treponemal test at the moment of delivery, without previous treatment record. Results: Most newborns were born in normal delivery (65.5%), 17.8% had acute fetal distress and 11.2% required resuscitation maneuvers. Prematurity occurred in 10% of births and 12.2% of them were small for gestational age. Complete prenatal care was performed by 29.5% of the mothers, following the recommendations of the Ministry of Health of seven visits to the Health Unit and or Health Professional. From the 90 pregnant women, 79 had a reactive treponemal test when admitted to the maternity ward. 29.3% of them performed the treatment properly. In the analysis about the treatment of the sexual partner, it was reported that 58% did not adhere to syphilis treatment. Conclusion: The prenatal quality of pregnant women with syphilis was lower than that recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, although there are few cases of syphilis as the primary outcome in newborns with childbirth with mothers diagnosed with syphilis. Prenatal, newborn, syphilis in pregnancy, congenital syphilis.
Acesso aos procedimentos cirúrgicos em uma unidade de saúde da família: uma iniciativa para melhorar o cuidado e o acesso a unidades básicas de saúde
Authors: Sesquim Dimítra Lengruber , Ramos José Lucas Souza , Pinasco Gustavo Carreiro , Lopes Marianna Tamara Nunes , Dalla Marcello Dala Bernadina , Vetis Marcelo Santana , Bezerra Italla Maria Pinheiro 
Published: November 2019

It was describe the implantation of small surgical procedures performed by physicians living in a Brazilian Family Health Unit. This is an experience report carried out in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, describing the introduction of small surgical procedures by the Family and Community Medicine medical residency program in a Basic Health Unit (UBS) of the municipality. The selected US did not have a room for minor surgery procedures or the necessary materials. It was evidenced that the population demanded surgical complaints without resolution of the same ones, being these patients referenced to other specialties.
Evaluation of the Production Processes of Different Brands of Sachet Water Sold in the Open Market in Ado-Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Daramola G. O. , Kumoluyi T. A. , Edogun H. A. , Fadeyi A. , Awosanya A. , Adewumi F. O. , Akerele E. F. , Ogunfowokan O. , Ojerinde A. O. , Shittu A. A. 
Published: November 2019

Life on earth is practically impossible without water, in fact, the presence of water on our planet is one of the critical factors that make life possible on earth. Apart from commercial, agricultural, industrial, domestic and sundry uses of water, humans, like other living organisms, require water for their physiological needs. However, as vital as water is to humans, if the water consumed by them is not potable or is unwholesome, it can lead to serious and sometimes life-threatening illnesses. This thus makes it important to periodically assess and monitor the potability and wholesomeness of any form of drinking water, particularly the ones presented to the public. In this study, twenty-two different brands of commercial sachet-water sold in the open market in Ado-Ekiti, southwest, Nigeria were consecutively sampled and analysed. The factories where the brands were manufactured were also visited and served structured self-administered questionnaires that were filled by their respective production managers. Data from the questionnaires were analysed and juxtaposed with the outcome of laboratory investigations with a view to identifying the factors responsible for the un wholesomeness of any of the brands. Out of the twenty-two sachet-water brands sampled, none (0%) had physically visible colour; none (0%) had physically perceivable odour; none (0%) had detectable taste. All (100%) were physically clear; 1 (5%) was bagged in a 60-cl cellophane sachet, while 21 (95%) were bagged in 50-cl cellophane sachets; all (100%) claimed to have NAFDAC (the regulatory agency responsible for the control and regulation of food, drugs and allied products in Nigeria) registration number- going by what was written on their finished products. Nearly all- 21 (95%)- all the sampled brands had a pH value of 5, while 1 (5%) had pH value of 6, resulting in a mean pH of 5. More than half of the brands sampled from the open market- 11 (50%)- yielded a positive culture result, 3 (14%) of which were coliforms. According to WHO standards there shouldn’t be a single coliform bacterium in drinking water, which makes it quite unsettling that three of the brands contained coliforms which of course could be enteric coliform- an indication of the fact that these brands had come in contact with human faeces. The public heath implication of this is discussed and appropriate recommendations made.
A Novel Double‐Crosslinking‐Double‐Network Design for Injectable Hydrogels with Enhanced Tissue Adhesion and Antibacterial Capability for Wound Treatment
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Xuehui , Yang Kun , Fu Yu Vincent , Xu Tianshun , Li Shengliang , Zhang Dawei , Wang Lu‐Ning , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMost photocrosslinkable hydrogels have inadequacy in either mechanical performance or biodegradability. This issue is addressed by adopting a novel hydrogel design by introducing two different chitosan chains (catechol‐modified methacryloyl chitosan, CMC; methacryloyl chitosan, MC) via the simultaneous crosslinking of carbon–carbon double bonds and catechol‐Fe3+ chelation. This leads to an interpenetrating network of two chitosan chains with high crosslinking‐network density, which enhances mechanical performance including high compressive modulus and high ductility. The chitosan polymers not only endow the hydrogels with good biodegradability and biocompatibility, they also offer intrinsic antibacterial capability. The quinone groups formed by Fe3+ oxidation and protonated amino groups of chitosan polymer further enhance antibacterial property of the hydrogels. Serving as one of the two types of crosslinking mechanisms, the catechol‐Fe3+ chelation can covalently link with amino, thiol, and imidazole groups, which substantially enhance the hydrogel's adhesion to biological tissues. The hydrogel's adhesion to porcine skin shows a lap shear strength of 18.1 kPa, which is 6‐time that of the clinically established Fibrin Glue's adhesion. The hydrogel also has a good hemostatic performance due to the superior tissue adhesion as demonstrated with a hemorrhaging liver model. Furthermore, the hydrogel can remarkably promote healing of bacteria‐infected wound.