bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Vitamin D in Food: To What Degree Does 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Contribute to the Vitamin D Activity in Food?
Authors: Jakobsen Jette , Christensen Tue 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTVitamin D3, vitamin D2, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D2 [25(OH)D2]constitute the vitamin D activity in food. In general, vitamin D activity in food depends on the food's fat content, the feed the animals have been fed, and the animal's exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) light. There are many gaps in our knowledge of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in food, including the amount present in different types of food, and the amount we process in our daily dietary intake. We aimed to assess the vitamin D vitamers in food (eggs, milk, dairy products, chicken, veal, beef, and pork) on the Danish market using accredited analytical methods. We then combined these data with existing Danish data, as well as with the information from the Danish Dietary Survey to estimate the dietary intake of vitamin D3 and of 25(OH)D3 by Danes. We report the level of vitamin D in 10% minced pork from free‐range pigs slaughtered in summer as 1.39 μg vitamin D3/100 g and 0.40 μg 25(OH)D3/100 g, which are significantly higher amounts (p < 0.001) than in early spring. The levels of vitamin D2 and 25(OH)D2 are usually <0.05 μg/100 g, though in beef they are up to 0.14 μg/100 g. 25(OH)D3 accounts for up to 100% in veal and 8% in fat from free‐range pigs. In the Danish diet, the share of 25(OH)D3 is 24% for children (4–17 years) and 18% for adults (18‐75 years). Changes in animal‐feeding strategy in the agriculture sector could change the share of 25(OH)D3 to 11% and 12% if extra vitamin D3 is added to the feed, and the animals are exposed to sunlight or UVB lightlight. Replacing vitamin D3 by 25(OH)D3 in the feed may result in a share of 25(OH)D3 of 52% and 40%, respectively, in children and adults. These estimates are based on the assumption that vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 contribute equally to the vitamin D activity. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
In silico study, synthesis, and evaluation of the antimalarial activity of hybrid dimethoxy pyrazole 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives
Authors: Gogoi Pinku , Shakya Anshul , Ghosh Surajit K. , Gogoi Neelutpal , Gahtori Prashant , Singh Nardev , Bhattacharyya Dibya R. , Singh Udaya P. , Bhat Hans R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMalaria continues to become a major global health problem, particularly in Sub‐Saharan Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The widespread emergence of resistance to first‐line drugs has further bolstered an urgent need for a new and cost‐effective antimalarial(s). Thus, the present study enumerates the synthesis of novel hybrid dimethoxy pyrazole 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives 7(a–j) and their in silico results short‐listed three compounds with good binding energies and dock scores. Docking analysis shows that hydrogen‐bonding predominates and typically involves key residues, such as Asp54, Tyr170, Ile164, and Arg122. The in vitro antimalarial evaluation of three top‐ranked compounds (7e, 7g, and 7h) showed half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values range from 53.85 to 100 μg/ml against chloroquine‐sensitive strain 3D7 of Plasmodium falciparum. Compound 7e may be utilized as a lead for further optimization work in drug discovery due to good antimalarial activity.
Neutral gold clusters studied by the isothermal Brownian‐type molecular dynamics and metadynamics molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Lai San Kiong , Lim Chong Chiat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe DFTB theory was combined with the isothermal Brownian‐type molecular dynamics (MD) and metadynamics molecular dynamics (MMD) algorithms to perform simulation studies for Au clusters. Two representative DFTB parametrizations were investigated. In one parametrization, the DFTB‐A, the Slater–Koster parameters in the DFTB energy function were determined focusing on the ionic repulsive energy part, Erep and the other, the DFTB‐B, due attention was paid to the electronic band‐structure energy part, Eband. Minimized structures of these two parametrizations were separately applied in MD and MMD simulations to generate unbiased and biased trajectories in collective variable (CV) space, respectively. Here, we found the MD simulations monitored at 300 K manifest fluxional characteristics in planar cluster Au9/DFTB‐A, but give no discernible tracts of fluxionality for planar Au8/DFTB‐A and Au8/DFTB‐B, for nonplanar Au10/DFTB‐A and, to some extent, for nonplanar Au9/DFTB‐B; they are plausibly being hindered by higher‐than kBT energy barriers. Very recent FIR‐MPD spectroscopy measurements, however, were reported to have detected at 300 K both the planar and nonplanar neutral Aun clusters in the size range 5 ≤ n ≤ 13. The failure of MD simulations has prompted us to apply the MMD simulation and construct the free energy landscape (FEL) in CV space. Through scrutinizing the FELs of these clusters and their associated structures, we examine the relative importance of Erep/DFTB‐A and Eband/DFTB‐B in unraveling the covalent‐like behavior of valence electrons in Aun. Most important of all, we shall evaluate the DFTB parametrization in MMD strategy through comparing extensively the simulation data recorded with the gas‐phase experimental data.
One‐pot synthesis of novel (E)‐3‐(3,8a‐dihydro‐2H‐oxazolo[3,2‐a]pyridin‐2‐ylidene)chroman‐2‐one derivatives
Authors: Olyaei Abolfazl , Feizy Elaheh , Aghajanzadeh Atiye 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn efficient synthetic procedure for the preparation of novel (E)‐3‐(3,8a‐dihydro‐2H‐oxazolo[3,2‐a]pyridin‐2‐ylidene)chroman‐2‐one derivatives was developed. A sequential one‐pot, two‐step tandem reaction starting from 3‐(2‐bromoacetyl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one derivatives synthesized, pyridine, and naphthols in the presence of triethylamine proceeded smoothly in acetonitrile under reflux conditions. In this process, 2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)ethyl)pyridinium bromide derivatives as intermediate produced in situ, followed by Michael addition of naphthoxide anion and intramolecular cylization, resulted the corresponding products in good to high yields. All of the compounds were obtained in high purity without any use of more purification.
Accurate Estimation of the Duration of Testicular Ischemia Using Creatine Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CrCEST) Imaging
Authors: Takahashi Yusuke , Kioka Hidetaka , Saito Shigeyoshi , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Asano Yoshihiro , Takashima Seiji , Yoshioka Yoshichika , Sakata Yasushi 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIn the management of testicular torsion, estimating the duration of testicular ischemia is essential for deciding on an appropriate surgical treatment, but there are currently limited evaluation methods.PurposeTo perform testicular creatine chemical exchange saturation transfer (CrCEST) imaging and to evaluate its ability to accurately estimate the duration of testicular ischemia.Study TypeProspective.Animal ModelC57BL/6 control mice (n = 6) and testicular ischemia models induced by clamping the spermatic cord (n = 14). Eight of testicular ischemia models were serially imaged at two or three timepoints and a total of 26 images of ischemic testis were obtained. The ischemic duration ranged from 6–42 hours.Field Strength/Sequence11.7T vertical‐bore MRI/segment fast low‐angle shot acquisition for CEST.AssessmentCrCEST imaging was performed and the magnetization transfer ratio for the CrCEST effect (MTRCr**) was calculated in control mice and testicular ischemia models. Correlation analysis between the duration of testicular ischemia and MTRCr** decline was performed.Statistical TestsPaired t‐test, and Pearson's correlation analysis.ResultsIn control mice, the CrCEST effect in testes was significantly more than five times higher than that in skeletal muscle. MTRCr** did not differ significantly between the right and left testes (8.6 ± 0.8 vs. 8.3 ± 0.6, P = 0.96). In testicular ischemia models, MTRCr** of ischemic testes was significantly lower than that of controls (4 ± 2 vs. 8.9 ± 0.6, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed a strong linear correlation between MTRCr** decline and the duration of ischemia (r = 0.96, P < 0.001).Data ConclusionA decreased CrCEST effect in ischemic testes correlated well with ischemic duration. Testicular CrCEST imaging was useful for accurately estimating the duration of testicular ischemia.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
Hepatitis E virus genotype 1f outbreak in Bangladesh, 2018
Authors: Baki Abdullah A. , Haque Warda , Giti Susane , Khan Arif A. , Rahman Mohammad M. , Jubaida Nishat , Rahman Mustafizur 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a significant public health issue in many developing countries, causing waterborne outbreaks as well as sporadic hepatitis. We report here an outbreak of HEV genotype 1f infection during April–May 2018 among people living at Halisohor, a low land in the southern part of Chottogram District of Bangladesh. A total of 933 patients were admitted to Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Chottogram, with symptoms of acute hepatitis. Among them, 550 patients were tested by ELISA for HEV‐specific (IgM) and all were positive. Genotyping, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis based on ORF2 region revealed that the outbreak was caused by genotype 1f and the strains were closely related to the previously reported HEV strains that caused the outbreak in Bangladesh in 2010. The current outbreak was most likely linked with water supply as fecal contamination in water was evident and could be prevented by ensuring access to safe drinking water.
Adenosine—A drug with myriad utility in the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias
Authors: Gupta Anunay , Lokhandwala Yash , Rai Nitish , Malviya Amit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdenosine has been used in the emergency treatment of arrhythmia for more than nine decades. However, cardiologists are often unfamiliar about its basic mechanism and various diagnostic and therapeutic uses, considering it mainly as a therapeutic drug for supraventricular tachycardia. This article discusses the role of adenosine relevant to emergency physicians, cardiologists, and electrophysiologists. Understanding of the mechanisms of adenosine and its electrophysiological effects is discussed first, followed by dosing, side effects, diagnostic, and therapeutic uses. Finally, the role of adenosine in the electrophysiology laboratory is discussed.
Home Monitoring trends during COVID‐19 infection
Authors: De Simone Vincenzo , Guardalben Stefania , Guarise Paola , Padovani Nicola , Giacopelli Daniele , Zanotto Gabriele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) recipients could have an unfavorable prognosis if infected with the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19). We aimed to analyze the data daily transmitted by the Home Monitoring (HM) system (BIOTRONIK, Berlin, Germany) of CIEDs during the infection.MethodsWe identified CIED patients followed with the HM who experienced COVID‐19 clinical manifestations. The daily trends of the following HM variables were analyzed: mean heart rate (HR), physical activity, thoracic impedance (TI), ventricular and atrial arrhythmic burden.ResultsThe study cohort included 10 CIED patients (median age 90 [84‐92] years, male 90%) with acute respiratory syndrome. The HR showed an increase of a value ranging from 10 to 30 bpm well in advance of the severe clinical manifestations. The physical activity was generally low during the entire infection course. The TI decreased in patients presented with pulmonary edema, but increased significantly (8 to 25 Ω) in most COVID‐19 patients (8 out of 10) suggesting an association with pulmonary fibrosis. Arrhythmic complications were also found in half of the patients.ConclusionThe trends of HR and TI in CIEDs recipients infected by the COVID‐19 often showed early recurrent patterns before adverse clinical manifestations.
Biodegradation of erythromycin by Delftia lacustris RJJ‐61 and characterization of its erythromycin esterase
Authors: Ren Jianjun , Wang Zhenzhu , Deng Liujie , Niu Dongze , Fan Bo , Huhe Taoli , Li Zhenzhen , Zhang Jin , Li Chunyu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe residual erythromycin in fermentation waste can pollute the environment and threaten human health. However, there are no effective approaches to remedy this issue. In this study, an erythromycin‐degrading bacterium named RJJ‐61 was isolated and identified as a strain of Delftia lacustris based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. The degradation ability of this strain was also evaluated; it could degrade 45.18% of erythromycin at 35°C in 120 h. Furthermore, the key degradation gene ereA was cloned from strain RJJ‐61 and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21; the molecular weight of the expressed protein was ~45 kDa. The enzyme activity of EreA was 108.0 mU ml−1 at 35°C and pH 7.0. Finally, the EreA protein was used to degrade erythromycin from mycelial dregs and 50% diluted solution, and the removal rates in them were 41.42% and 69.78%, respectively. In summary, D. lacustris RJJ‐61 is a novel erythromycin‐degrading strain that has great potential to remove erythromycin pollutants from the environment.
Bacterial adhesion on spinal implants: An in vitro study of “hot spots”
Authors: Luca Andrea , Gallazzi Enrico , De Vecchi Elena , Brayda‐Bruno Marco , Lovi Alessio , Babbi Lisa , Peretti Giuseppe Michele , Bidossi Alessandro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFew studies evaluated bacterial colonization of spinal implants from a “topographic” point of view. This lack of knowledge could hinder the development of more effective strategies in the prevention and treatment of postoperative spinal infections. The aim of this in vitro study was the analysis of the adhesion pattern of sessile cells on conventional spinal implants, to identify “hot spots” on implants where bacterial adhesion could be favored. Clinically relevant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were grown on commercially available end product spinal implants. To identify sessile cells attached to implant surfaces, confocal laser scan microscopy was used. Different areas from the spinal instrumentations (both Ti and CoCr) were selected for biofilm quantification. Bacterial biofilm was markedly increased in the cut of the rods, both Ti and CoCr, as the uneven surface deriving from the cut might foster cell adhesion. Though not statistically significant, a difference was observed between the rod and the area of the notch, possibly as a consequence of the smoothening effect deriving from the bending of the rod. Finally, the amount of biofilm produced on cobalt‐chromium surfaces was always more significant than that formed on titanium surfaces. This study highlights how bacterial adhesion through biofilm formation is favored on the surfaces of higher irregularity and that staphylococci are able to increase sessile biomass on CoCr surfaces. These preliminary results show how surface modifications on the implants may play a key role in bacterial adhesion, opening an exciting field for future research.
Distinct expression trend of signature antigens of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis correlated with clinical outcomes
Authors: Fu Wei , He Wenbin , Ren Youliang , Li Zhengdao , Liu Jinyue , Liu Yi , Xie Zhao , Xu Jianzhong , Bi Qing , Kong Mingxiang , Lee Charles C. , Daiss John L. , Muthukrishnan Gowrishankar , Owen John R. , Kates Stephen L. , Peng Jiachen , Xie Chao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe major limitations of clinical outcome predictions of osteomyelitis mediated by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are not specific and definitive. To this end, current studies aim to investigate host immune responses of trend changes of the iron‐regulated surface determinant (Isd) of IsdA, IsdB, IsdH, cell wall‐modifying proteins of amidase (Amd) and glucosaminidase (Gmd), and secreted virulence factor of chemotaxis inhibitory protein S. aureus (CHIPS) and staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN) longitudinally to discover their correlationship with clinical outcomes. A total of 55 patients with confirmed S. aureus infection of the long bone by clinical and laboratory methods were recruited for the study. Whole blood was collected at 0, 6, 12 months for the serum that was used to test IsdA, IsdB, IsdH, Gmd, Amd, CHIPS, and SCIN using a customized Luminex assay after clinical standard care parameters were collected. The patients were then divided into two groups: (1) infection controlled versus (2) adverse outcome based on clinical criteria for statistical analysis. We found that standard clinical parameters were unable to distinguish therapeutic outcomes. Significant overexpression of all antigens was confirmed in infection patients at 0‐, 6‐, and 12‐month time points. A distinct expression trend and dynamic changes of IsdB, Amd, Gmd, and CHIPS were observed between infection controlled and adverse outcome patients, while the IsdA, IsdH, SCIN remained demonstrated no statistical significance. We conclude that dynamic changes of specific antigens could predict clinical outcomes of S. aureus osteomyelitis. Clinical Relevance: The trend changes of host immune responses to S. aureus specific antigens of IsdB, Gmd, Amd, and CHIPS could predict clinical outcomes of S. aureus osteomyelitis.
Phonons investigation of ZnO@ZnS core‐shell nanostructures with active layer
Authors: Hadzic Branka , Matovic Branko , Randjelovic Marjan , Kostic Radmila , Romcevic Maja , Trajic Jelena , Paunovic Novica , Romcevic Nebojsa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present work experimental study of the ZnO@ZnS core‐shell nanostructure with an active layer obtained by conversion of zinc oxide powders with H2S is reported. Тhe prepared structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and far‐infrared spectroscopy. Top surface optical phonon (TSO) in ZnO, characteristic for the cylindrical nano‐objects, the surface optical phonon (SOP) mode of ZnS, and SOP modes in ZnO@ZnS core‐shell nanostructure are registered. Local mode of oxygen in ZnS and gap mode of sulfur in ZnO are also registered. This result is due to the existence of an active layer in the space between ZnO core and ZnS shell, which is very important for the application of these materials as thermoelectrics.
Delay in surgery is associated with axillary upstaging of clinically node negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Khader Adam , Chang Shu‐Ching , Santamaria‐Barria Juan , Garland‐Kledzik Mary , Scholer Anthony , Goldfarb Melanie , Grumley Janie , Fischer Trevan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMost breast cancer (BC) patients present with early disease and clinically negative lymph nodes (cN0). Timing of surgery has not been standardized. We hypothesized that surgical delay results in an increased likelihood of nodal metastasis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with cN0 BC undergoing surgery with sentinel lymph node biopsy as initial therapy between 2006 and 2014 were identified in the NCDB and divided into four groups based on time intervals between diagnosis and surgery (<4 weeks, 4–8 weeks, 8–12 weeks, and >12 weeks). Regression analysis evaluated the independent impact of surgical timing on axillary upstaging and survival.ResultsOf 355,443 patients with cN0 BC, 39.6% had surgery within 4 weeks and 5.4% more than 12 weeks from diagnosis. After controlling for relevant factors, a month delay in surgery was associated with an increased likelihood of nodal positivity (odds ratio: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.05; p < .001) and decreased overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.04; p < .001). When compared to patients who underwent surgery less than 4 weeks from diagnosis, the absolute increase in nodal positivity and relative risks were 5.3% (95% CI: 0.047–0.059) and 1.34 (95% CI: 1.30–1.38), respectively, in the more than 12 weeks group.ConclusionsDelay in BC surgery in cN0 patients was associated with an increased likelihood of axillary upstaging and decreased survival.
Sentinel lymph node mapping with indocyanine green compared to blue dye tracer in gynecologic malignancies—A single center experience of 218 patients
Authors: Pölcher M. , Matz S. , Braun M. , Brambs C. , Beer M. , Hamann M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo compare the detection rates of sentinel lymph nodes after converting the tracer technique from blue dye to indocyanine green (ICG).MethodsPatients with uterine or cervical cancer were enrolled for sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection. A total of 109 consecutive patients were analyzed and compared to a historical cohort of 109 consecutive patients with the sentinel blue dye technique. SLNs were analyzed by ultrastaging.ResultsThe bilateral mapping rate of sentinel nodes was significantly higher with the ICG (78%; n = 85) compared to the blue dye tracer (61%; n = 67; p = .006). Neither the mean number of SLN nor the rate of low volume metastases showed significant differences between both cohorts. In the subgroup of endometrial cancer patients, the number of systematic lymph node dissection (LND) was significantly lower in the ICG cohort compared to the blue dye cohort (9% vs. 28%, p = .001).ConclusionsICG improved the detection rate of pelvic SLN compared to blue dye and may be considered as the superior technique. In clinical practice, the rate of systematic LND further decreased after incorporating SLN mapping with ICG. Reliable safety data are still pending.
Proposing the 3‐tier staging system for improving prognostication in Stage I uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Matsuo Koji , Matsuzaki Shinya , Nusbaum David J. , Nagase Yoshikazu , Hur Elizabeth Y. , Klar Maximilian , Roman Lynda D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo examine the utility of a 3‐tier schema (≤5 cm, 5.1–10 cm, and > 10 cm) in determining characteristics and survival in Stage I uterine leiomyosarcoma.MethodsThis retrospective observational study queried the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Program from 1988 to 2016. Surgically treated stage I uterine leiomyosarcomas with known tumor size were examined (N = 2217). Trends, characteristics, and survival were assessed based on tumor size.ResultsThe most common tumor size was 5.1–10 cm (45.7%) followed by >10 cm (35.0%) and ≤5 cm (19.4%). Tumor size‐shift occurred during the study period; the percentage of tumor size >10 cm increased from 12.9% to 44.5% and the groups with smaller tumor sizes decreased (p < .001). In weighted models, 5‐year overall survival rates ranged from 49.9% to 71.6% in the 3‐tier system and 55.2%–70.6% in the 2‐tier system: the absolute difference was larger in the 3‐tier system (21.7% vs. 15.4%). In the 3‐tier system, all‐cause mortality risk of tumor size >10 cm versus ≤5 cm nearly doubled (hazard ratio 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.78–2.16).ConclusionIn the past decades, tumors of stage I uterine leiomyosarcoma have become larger. Our study suggests that a tumor size‐based 3‐tier staging system may be useful to differentiate survival in stage I uterine leiomyosarcoma.