bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communal Intimacy: Formalization, Egalitarianism, and Exchangeability in Collective Housing
Authors: Törnqvist Maria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article uses collective housing, a voluntary form of shared living positioned in between the conventional intimacy sphere and public life, to explore the relation between the organized and the intimate. Combining multisited observations and interviews, the study reveals collective housing to represent fairly depersonalized homes characterized by residential transition and formalization. Rather than addressing the dwellings in terms of detachment, however, the article demonstrates that they are exchange(st)able structures with existential bearing. It is through, not despite, the partially organized framework of daily chores and routines that closeness emerges. Grounded in these findings, the article calls for a reframing of intimacy outside of its traditional contexts and proposes the term “communal intimacy” to conceptualize a sociality of closeness that is bound not to exclusive dyads but to an inclusive relational infrastructure characterized by the strength of many weak ties.
Effects of increasing dietary L-glutamine to replace antibiotics on pig health and performance following weaning and transport
Authors: Duttlinger Alan W , Kpodo Kouassi R , Schinckel Allan P , Richert Brian T , Johnson Jay S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSupplementing nursery diets with 0.20% L-glutamine (GLN) may provide similar growth and health benefits as dietary antibiotics, but it was unknown if greater inclusion levels may provide additional benefits. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate the impact of replacing dietary antibiotics with increasing GLN levels on growth performance, therapeutic antibiotic treatment rates, welfare measures, and production costs in pigs after weaning and transport. We hypothesized that withholding dietary antibiotics may negatively impact performance and increase therapeutic treatment rate, and that diet supplementation with 0.20% to 1.00% GLN may incrementally improve productivity and reduce therapeutic antibiotic treatment rates compared with dietary antibiotics. Mixed sex pigs (N = 308; 5.64 ± 0.06 kg body weight [BW]) were weaned (19.1 ± 0.2 d of age) and transported in central Indiana in 2017. Pigs were blocked by BW and allotted to one of seven dietary treatments (n = 8 pens/dietary treatment): dietary antibiotics (positive control [PC]; chlortetracycline [441 mg/kg] + tiamulin [38.6 mg/kg]), no antibiotics or added GLN (negative control [NC]), 0.20% GLN, 0.40% GLN, 0.60% GLN, 0.80% GLN, or 1.00% GLN fed for 14 d. From d 14 to 35, pigs were provided nonantibiotic common diets in two phases. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) was reduced (P = 0.01; 17.7%) from d 0 to 14 in NC, 0.20% GLN, 0.60% GLN, 0.80% GLN, and 1.00% GLN pigs compared with PC pigs, but no ADG differences were detected between 0.40% GLN pigs and PC pigs. Increasing GLN in the diet tended to increase ADG (linear; P = 0.10). Overall, d 35 BW was greater (P = 0.01) in 0.80% GLN and PC pigs compared with NC, 0.20% GLN, and 0.60% GLN pigs, and was greater for 0.40% GLN and 1.00% GLN pigs vs. 0.20% GLN pigs. However, no d 35 BW differences were detected (P &gt; 0.05) between PC, 0.40% GLN, 0.80% GLN, and 1.00% GLN pigs. Increasing GLN in the diet tended to increase (linear; P = 0.08) d 35 BW. Overall, income over feed and therapeutic injectable antibiotics cost (IOFAC) for enteric and unthrifty challenges were greater (P = 0.02) in 0.80% GLN pigs compared with NC, 0.20% GLN, and 0.60% GLN pigs, but no IOFACs for enteric and unthrifty challenges differences were detected between 0.80% GLN pigs and 0.40% GLN, 1.00% GLN, and PC pigs. In conclusion, GLN supplemented pigs had improved performance after weaning and transport compared with the NC pigs with 0.40% GLN being the most effective level.
Effects of increasing doses of trenbolone acetate and estradiol on finishing phase growth performance, carcass trait responses, and serum metabolites in beef steers following implantation
Authors: Smerchek Dathan T , Smith Zachary K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Yearling Simmental × Angus crossbred beef steers (n = 240; allotment BW = 365 ± 22.5 kg) from a South Dakota auction facility were transported 117 km to Brookings, SD and used in a randomized complete block design feedlot study to evaluate the effects of implants (both from Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) containing increasing doses of trenbolone acetate (TBA) and estradiol benzoate (EB) administered 124 d prior to harvest have on finishing phase growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum concentrations of urea-N (SUN) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Thirty pens (10 pens/treatment) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) negative control given no implant (NI); 2) a steroidal implant containing 100 mg TBA and 14 mg EB administered subcutaneously in the center one-third of the ear on day 1 (Synovex Choice, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ; CH); 3) a steroidal implant containing 200 mg TBA and 28 mg EB administered subcutaneously in the center one-third of the ear on day 1 (Synovex Plus, Zoetis; PL). Cattle were fed for 124 d post-implantation. Steers were fed a common diet throughout the study. Treatment effects were evaluated by the use of orthogonal polynomials. Pen was the experimental unit for all analyses; an α of 0.05 determined significance. There was a quadratic effect (P = 0.01) on carcass-adjusted final BW. Increasing doses of TBA and EB resulted in a linear increase for both average daily gain (P = 0.01) and dry matter intake (P = 0.02). A quadratic effect on gain-to-feed ratio was observed (P = 0.01). No quadratic (P ≥ 0.40) or linear (P ≥ 0.14) effects were observed for dressing percentage, rib fat (RF), calculated yield grade, or marbling scores. A quadratic increase (P = 0.01) in hot carcass weight (HCW) and a linear increase (P = 0.01) in ribeye area (REA) were detected. No significant implant × day interaction (P ≥ 0.09) was noted for serum concentrations of urea-N or IGF-I. Implants decreased (P = 0.01) SUN compared with NI. Serum concentration of IGF-I was increased (P = 0.04) in implanted steers compared with NI steers. In yearling crossbred beef steers, the use of steroidal implants containing a combination of 100 mg TBA + 14 mg EB or 200 mg TBA + 28 mg EB increases growth performance, HCW, and REA at equal RF accumulation without detriment to marbling score compared with nonimplanted steers.
A Case Study of Dual Infection of Dengue and COVID-19: Presenting as Multiorgan Dysfunction in an Infant
Authors: Kazi Maha Ashraf , Ghosh Sanajit , Roychowdhury Satyabrata , Giri Prabhas Prasun , Sarkar Mihir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Dengue is a major health concern in South Asian countries transmitted by bite of day breeder mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Severity of plasma leak, shock, bleeding tendency and other organ dysfunction can be more pronounced in infants. The management becomes further complicated in the presence of a co-existing COVID-19 infection. Although COVID-19 infection is usually asymptomatic or has mild manifestations in children, however in presence of serious co-infection like dengue it can modify the course of the illness and lead to drastic consequences. Here, we present one such case of a 9-month-old female child who tested positive for dengue as well as COVID-19 during the ongoing corona pandemic and went on to develop shock, encephalopathy with deranged liver enzymes but managed to overcome all odds and recover from the disease by day 14 of illness.
An exploration of family quality of life in persons with leprosy-, lymphatic filariasis– and podoconiosis-related disabilities and their family members in Ethiopia
Authors: van't Noordende Anna T , Aycheh Moges Wubie , Schippers Alice P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Leprosy, podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis (LF) may adversely affect the social, economic and psychological well-being of persons affected and their families. The objectives of this study were to assess and compare family quality of life of persons affected and their family members, explore the relationship between family quality of life and perceived stigma and activity limitations and explore what factors influence family quality of life.

Methods
A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in the Awi zone in Ethiopia. Persons affected and their family members were selected using purposive sampling. Three questionnaires were used: the Beach Center Family Quality of Life (FQOL) scale (range 25–125, with higher scores denoting higher family quality of life), the SARI Stigma Scale (range 0–63, with higher scores denoting higher levels of stigma) and the Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) scale (range 0–80, with higher scores denoting more activity limitations). Data analysis consisted of simple descriptive analysis and regression analysis.

Results
A total of 95 persons affected and 117 family members were included. The overall mean of the family quality of life score was 71.7. Persons affected had significantly higher mean family quality of life scores than family members on all domains. Female gender, a smaller family size and occupation were associated with lower family quality of life. We found a mean SARI Stigma score of 22.3 and a mean SALSA score of 37.6. There was no association between the FQOL and SARI scores or between the FQOL and SALSA scores.

Conclusions
Family quality of life is an important area to address because neglected tropical diseases often affect the whole family. It is therefore important in order to provide appropriate support for persons affected and their family members. Efforts to improve the quality of life of families in which a family member is affected by leprosy, podoconiosis or LF should give priority to women and families with a smaller family size.
Climate change and dengue fever knowledge, attitudes and practices in Bangladesh: a social media–based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rahman Md Siddikur , Karamehic-Muratovic Ajlina , Baghbanzadeh Mahdi , Amrin Miftahuzzannat , Zafar Sumaira , Rahman Nadia Nahrin , Shirina Sharifa Umma , Haque Ubydul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Bangladesh experienced its worst dengue fever (DF) outbreak in 2019. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among university students in Bangladesh and significant factors associated with their prevention practices related to climate change and DF.

Methods
A social media–based (Facebook) cross-sectional KAP survey was conducted and secondary data of reported DF cases in 2019 extracted. Logistic regression and spatial analysis were run to examine the data.

Results
Of 1500 respondents, 76% believed that climate change can affect DF transmission. However, participants reported good climate change knowledge (76.7%), attitudes (87.9%) and practices (39.1%). The corresponding figures for DF were knowledge (47.9%), attitudes (80.3%) and practices (25.9%). Good knowledge and attitudes were significantly associated with good climate change adaptation or mitigation practices (p&lt;0.05). Good knowledge, attitudes and previous DF experiences were also found to be significantly associated with good DF prevention practices (p&lt;0.001). There was no significant positive correlation between climate change and DF KAP scores and the number of DF cases.

Conclusions
Findings from this study provide baseline data that can be used to promote educational campaigns and intervention programs focusing on climate change adaptation and mitigation and effective DF prevention strategies among various communities in Bangladesh and similar dengue-endemic countries.
Traffic flow cellular automaton model with bi-directional information in an open boundary condition
Authors: Zheng Liang , He Zhengpeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith Connected Vehicle Technologies being popular, drivers not only perceive downstream traffic information but also get upstream information by routinely checking backward traffic conditions, and the backward-looking frequency or probability is usually affected by prevailing traffic conditions. Meanwhile, the bi-directional perception range of drivers is expected to significantly increase, which results in more informed and coordinated driving behaviours. So, we propose a traffic flow bi-directional CA model with two perception ranges, and perform the numerical simulations with the field data collected from a one-lane highway in Richmond, California, USA as the benchmark data. Numerical results show that the CA model can effectively reproduce the oscillation of relatively congested traffic and the traffic hysteresis phenomenon. When adjusting the backward-looking probability and the perception range, the CA model can well simulate the travel times of all vehicles, and the generation and dissolution of traffic jams under various scenarios.
Discovery and surveillance of viruses from salmon in British Columbia using viral immune-response biomarkers, metatranscriptomics, and high-throughput RT-PCR
Authors: Mordecai Gideon J , Di Cicco Emiliano , Günther Oliver P , Schulze Angela D , Kaukinen Karia H , Li Shaorong , Tabata Amy , Ming Tobi J , Ferguson Hugh W , Suttle Curtis A , Miller Kristina M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The emergence of infectious agents poses a continual economic and environmental challenge to aquaculture production, yet the diversity, abundance, and epidemiology of aquatic viruses are poorly characterised. In this study, we applied salmon host transcriptional biomarkers to identify and select fish in a viral disease state, but only those that were negative for known viruses based on RT-PCR screening. These fish were selected for metatranscriptomic sequencing to discover potential viral pathogens of dead and dying farmed Atlantic (Salmo salar) and Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) salmon in British Columbia (BC). We found that the application of the biomarker panel increased the probability of discovering viruses in aquaculture populations. We discovered two viruses that have not previously been characterised in Atlantic salmon farms in BC (Atlantic salmon calicivirus and Cutthroat trout virus-2), as well as partially sequenced three putative novel viruses. To determine the epidemiology of the newly discovered or emerging viruses, we conducted high-throughput reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and screened over 9,000 farmed and wild salmon sampled over one decade. Atlantic salmon calicivirus and Cutthroat trout virus-2 were in more than half of the farmed Atlantic salmon we tested. Importantly we detected some of the viruses we first discovered in farmed Atlantic salmon in Chinook salmon, suggesting a broad host range. Finally, we applied in situ hybridisation to determine infection and found differing cell tropism for each virus tested. Our study demonstrates that continual discovery and surveillance of emerging viruses in these ecologically important salmon will be vital for management of both aquaculture and wild resources in the future.
Mechanisms of invasion in glioblastoma
Authors: Chouleur Tiffanie , Tremblay Michel L. , Bikfalvi Andreas 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
This review provides an overview of recent updates in understanding the mechanisms by which glioblastoma cells interact with their cellular and molecular partners within the microenvironment.

Recent findings
We have now a better knowledge of the cell populations involved in Glioblastoma (GBM) invasion. Recent works discovered the role of new molecular players in GBM invasion, and, most importantly, better models are emerging which better recapitulate GBM invasion.

Summary
Invasive properties of glioblastoma make complete surgical resection impossible and highly invasive cells are responsible for tumor recurrence. In this review, we focus on recent updates describing how invasive cells progress in the surrounding tissue along brain structures. We also provide an overview of the current knowledge on key cells and molecular players within the microenvironment that contribute to the invasive process.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COON/A28
Combining poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer: rationale and preliminary clinical results
Authors: Goncalves Anthony , Mezni Essia , Bertucci François 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Recently, both immune checkpoint inhibitors and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors have demonstrated clinical benefit in some subsets of HER2-negative breast cancer patients. A biological rationale exists supporting a potential synergism between these compounds, which may further increase their antitumor activity in the clinic.

Recent findings
PARP inhibitors were shown to activate type I interferon pathway, thus eliciting local and general immune response, while inducing programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) up-regulation. In addition, the DNA damages created by PARP inhibition may increase tumor mutational burden and neo-antigens, thereby favoring efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Accordingly, clinical trials combining PARP inhibitors and agents targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have been initiated in breast cancer in both advanced and early stages, enrolling patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutation, homologous recombination deficiency and/or with triple negative phenotype. Preliminary safety and efficacy results are encouraging, but it is still unclear whether the combination adds benefit compared with each therapeutic administered as single agent.

Summary
Although a strong rationale exists to support the combination of PARP inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors, future clinical trials will have to demonstrate whether it improves outcome and to identify which patients are the most likely to benefit from.
A Randomized, Split-Body, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Poly-l-lactic Acid for the Treatment of Upper Knee Skin Laxity
Authors: Kollipara Ramya , Hoss Elika , Boen Monica , Alhaddad Marwan , Fabi Sabrina G. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND
Skin laxity of the upper knee and lower thigh is a common complaint among patients.

OBJECTIVE
This is a randomized, double-blinded, split-body, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) for treatment of upper knee skin laxity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty female subjects between the ages of 30 and 65 years with upper knee laxity were enrolled. The patients were randomized to receive 3 treatments of PLLA in 1 knee, whereas the other knee received 3 treatments of bacteriostatic water.

RESULTS
Statistically significant improvement as rated on the physician global aesthetic improvement scale was seen at Day 56 after final treatment in the active knee when compared with the placebo knee. This improvement was sustained at Day 84 and Day 168 after final treatment visits. No statistically significant difference was seen between the active and placebo knees on the subject global aesthetic score or the subject satisfaction scale.

CONCLUSION
Based on our study, PLLA may be a safe and effective modality in addressing upper knee skin laxity. Larger studies with longer follow-up times and a validated knee laxity scale are needed to further determine if and how much improvement can be achieved.
Thin, very thin, or ultrathin-strut biodegradable or durable polymer-coated drug-eluting stents
Authors: Buiten Rosaly A. , Zocca Paolo , von Birgelen Clemens 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
The current article will review recently published clinical studies that evaluate very thin or ultrathin-strut drug-eluting stents (DES), focusing on major randomized clinical trials in broad patient populations.

Recent findings
Multiple randomized trials recently assessed the clinical performance of novel very thin to ultrathin-strut DES. Most randomized trials established noninferiority of the novel device. To date, only one major randomized clinical trial (i.e., BIOFLOW V) showed superiority of an ultrathin-strut biodegradable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stent over a very thin-strut durable polymer-coated everolimus-eluting stent in a relatively broad patient population. There are signals that the same ultrathin-strut biodegradable polymer-coated sirolimus-eluting stent may improve clinical outcome in specific patient populations. For example, in the randomized BIOSTEMI trial, 1-year superiority of the ultrathin-strut DES was found in patients presenting with an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Yet, substudies of large randomized trials that assessed patients with small-vessel treatment showed equivocal results.

Summary
Although two randomized trials showed advantages for ultrathin-strut DES, other clinical trials provided no significant evidence that ultrathin-strut DES improve clinical outcome. The question whether ultrathin-strut DES may reduce the repeat revascularization risk following implantation in small vessels is a matter of further debate and future research.
Ischaemia without obstructive coronary artery disease: the pathophysiology of microvascular dysfunction
Authors: Sinha Aish , Rahman Haseeb , Perera Divaka 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Nearly one-third of patients presenting with angina have unobstructed epicardial coronary arteries and evidence of coronary microvascular disease. Up until recently, the pathophysiology of coronary microvascular disease has been poorly understood, resulting in limited effective therapeutic options in these patients. As a result, patients with coronary microvascular disease continue to suffer from a poor quality of life and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Recent findings
Recent mechanistic studies have improved our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying coronary microvascular dysfunction; these studies have implicated the nitric oxide and endothelin pathways as the main drivers. The aim of this article is to review our current understanding of the pathophysiology of ischaemia in patients with coronary microvascular disease.

Summary
Patients with angina who have coronary microvascular disease, but no obstructive coronary artery disease, are unable to augment their coronary blood flow in response to physiological stress, thereby predisposing them to myocardial ischaemia as a result of supply:demand mismatch in the myocardium. In addition to abnormalities of vascular resistance, perturbations in cardiac–coronary coupling also contribute to ischaemia in these patients. Although impaired flow reserve is the diagnostic hallmark, mechanistic studies have demonstrated that the underlying pathophysiology is heterogeneous. At present, two main endotypes have been identified, which can be readily differentiated on the basis of minimal microvascular resistance. A better understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanisms driving ischaemia in coronary microvascular dysfunction may stimulate the development of individualised therapies that may lead to an improvement in patients’ quality of life and prognosis.