bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lagrangian‐based Simulations of Hypervelocity Impact Experiments on Mars Regolith Proxy
Authors: Froment M. , Rougier E. , Larmat C. , Lei Z. , Euser B. , Kedar S. , Richardson J. E. , Kawamura T. , Lognonné P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost of the surface of Mars is covered with unconsolidated rocky material, known as regolith. High‐fidelity models of the dynamics of impacts in such material are needed to help with the interpretation of seismic signals that are now recorded by SEIS, the seismometer of InSight. We developed a numerical model for impacts on regolith, using the novel Hybrid Optimization Software Suite (HOSS), which is a Lagrangian code mixing finite and discrete element formulations. We use data from hypervelocity impact experiments performed on pumice sand at the NASA Ames Vertical Gun Range to identify and calibrate key model parameters. The model provides insight into the plastic‐elastic transition observed in the data and it also demonstrates that gravity plays a key role in the material response. Waveforms for receivers situated vertically below the impact point are correctly modeled, while more research is needed to explain the shallow receivers' signals.
Substantial Increases in the Water and Sediment Fluxes in the Headwater Region of the Tibetan Plateau in Response to Global Warming
Authors: Li Dongfeng , Li Zhiwei , Zhou Yinjun , Lu Xixi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe long‐term effects of increased temperatures on sediment fluxes in cold regions remain poorly investigated. Here, we examined the multidecadal changes in runoff and sediment fluxes in the Tuotuohe River, a headwater river of the Yangtze River on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The sediment fluxes and runoff increased at rates of 0.03 ± 0.01 Mt/yr (5.9 ± 1.9%/yr) and 0.025 ± 0.007 × km3/yr (3.5 ± 1.0%/yr) from 1985 to 2016, with net increases of 135% and 78% from 1985–1997 to 1998–2016, respectively. The increases are primarily due to warming temperature (+1.44°C) and intensified glacier‐snow‐permafrost melting, with enhanced precipitation (+30%) as a secondary cause. Sediment fluxes are much more susceptible to climate warming than runoff in this undisturbed cold environment. The substantially increased sediment fluxes from the headwater region could threaten the numerous constructed reservoirs and influence the aquatic ecosystems of the TP and its marginal areas.
Importance of Resolving Mesoscale Eddies in the Model Simulation of Ningaloo Niño
Authors: Guo Yaru , Li Yuanlong , Wang Fan , Wei Yuntao , Xia Qiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSatellite observational data and a regional ocean model are used to understand the evolution of Ningaloo Niño (NN) anomalies near Western Australian coast. In observation and high‐resolution (~3 km) simulations, coastally trapped positive sea level anomalies (SLAs), originated largely from the Indonesian Throughflow, are transmitted westward by mesoscale eddies. Few eddies propagate long distances offshore due to dissipation, and as a result NN signatures are predominantly confined near the coast. In coarse‐resolution (~100 km) simulations that cannot resolve eddies, oceanic anomalies propagate swiftly as long Rossby waves with much weaker dissipation and more anomalies spread to the ocean interior. Eddy‐enhanced surface warming promotes surface latent heat release and mesoscale air‐sea interactions, which acts to damp NN surface warming. These processes are not resolved by coarse‐resolution models. This study highlights the importance of resolving mesoscale oceanic processes in the simulation and prediction of NN.
Characterizing Extreme Geomagnetic Storms Using Extreme Value Analysis: A Discussion on the Representativeness of Short Data Sets
Authors: Bernoux G. , Maget V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne of the main goals when studying Space Weather is to characterize extreme events occurrences and related characteristics. To do so, dedicated statistical methods from the so‐called extreme value analysis (EVA) field have been developed. In this study we used Ca index, derived from aa, in order to characterize geoeffectiveness from the radiation belts point of view with a 150‐year‐long data set. The analysis performed in this study thus focuses on this newsworthy index to provide clues on the reliability of EVA methods. The first main result we present here is that the 1‐in‐10‐, 1‐in‐50‐, and 1‐in‐100‐year events, respectively, match Ca values of 100.39, 131.39, and 142.84 nT. Consequently, the only 1‐in‐100 event observed during the Space Era would be the “Halloween Storm” in 2003 that reached a Ca value of 147.6 nT. The second main result highlighted in this work is that performing the same analysis with shorter subsets (20 years long) can give significantly different results for two reasons. The first reason is that some short time periods do not display the same distribution of events as the full period. The second reason is that the choice of the correct threshold (when using a Peaks Over Threshold approach) is made difficult with a short data set and leads to inaccurate results. This is a strong result as for accurate estimation of the induced effects of extreme events in radiation belts, we may only rely on short flux data sets from one or another mission (mostly shorter than 20 years).
General Solution for Tidal Behavior in Confined and Semiconfined Aquifers Considering Skin and Wellbore Storage Effects
Authors: Gao Xuhua , Sato Kozo , Horne Roland N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTidal analysis provides a cost‐effective way of estimating aquifer properties. Tidal response models that link aquifer properties with tidal signal characteristics, such as phase and amplitude, have been established in previous studies, but none of the previous models incorporate the skin effect. It is found in this study that the skin effect and the wellbore storage effect can have significant influence on the results of tidal analysis and should be included in tidal response models. New models are proposed with skin and wellbore storage effects fully incorporated so that aquifer information can be assessed more accurately based on tidal analysis. The models can be applied to confined aquifers with only horizontal flow or semiconfined aquifers with both horizontal flow and vertical flow. For confined aquifers, the new model indicates that positive skin leads to larger phase lag between the tidal response the the theoretical tide, and negative skin can reduce the phase lag or even cause a phase advance. For semiconfined aquifers, both the skin effect and the vertical flow affect the phase difference between the tidal response and the theoretical tide, and with the proposed model, contribution from these two sources can be separated and analyzed independently, making it feasible to evaluate semiconfined aquifer properties considering both factors. Increasing wellbore storage causes larger phase lag or smaller phase advance for both types of aquifers. Real‐world examples for confined and semiconfined aquifers are analyzed, respectively, to demonstrate practical applications of the proposed models.
Precision psychiatry with immunological and cognitive biomarkers: a multi-domain prediction for the diagnosis of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia using machine learning
Authors: Fernandes Brisa S. , Karmakar Chandan , Tamouza Ryad , Tran Truyen , Yearwood John , Hamdani Nora , Laouamri Hakim , Richard Jean-Romain , Yolken Robert , Berk Michael , Venkatesh Svetha , Leboyer Marion 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrecision psychiatry is attracting increasing attention lately as a recognized priority. One of the goals of precision psychiatry is to develop tools capable of aiding a clinically informed psychiatric diagnosis objectively. Cognitive, inflammatory and immunological factors are altered in both bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), however, most of these alterations do not respect diagnostic boundaries from a phenomenological perspective and possess great variability in different individuals with the same phenotypic diagnosis and, consequently, none so far has proven to have the ability of reliably aiding in the differential diagnosis of BD and SZ. We developed a probabilistic multi-domain data integration model consisting of immune and inflammatory biomarkers in peripheral blood and cognitive biomarkers using machine learning to predict diagnosis of BD and SZ. A total of 416 participants, being 323, 372, and 279 subjects for blood, cognition and combined biomarkers analysis, respectively. Our multi-domain model performances for the BD vs. control (sensitivity 80% and specificity 71%) and for the SZ vs. control (sensitivity 84% and specificity 81%) pairs were high in general, however, our multi-domain model had only moderate performance for the differential diagnosis of BD and SZ (sensitivity 71% and specificity 73%). In conclusion, our results show that the diagnosis of BD and of SZ, and that the differential diagnosis of BD and SZ can be predicted with possible clinical utility by a computational machine learning algorithm employing blood and cognitive biomarkers, and that their integration in a multi-domain outperforms algorithms based in only one domain. Independent studies are needed to validate these findings.
Cancer incidence and spectrum among children with genetically confirmed Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum in Germany: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cöktü Sümeyye , Spix Claudia , Kaiser Melanie , Beygo Jasmin , Kleinle Stephanie , Bachmann Nadine , Kohlschmidt Nicolai , Prawitt Dirk , Beckmann Alf , Klaes Ruediger , Nevinny-Stickel-Hinzpeter Claudia , Döhnert Steffi , Kraus Cornelia , Kadgien Gundula , Vater Inga , Biskup Saskia , Kutsche Michael , Kohlhase Jürgen , Eggermann Thomas , Zenker Martin , Kratz Christian P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBeckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by defects on chromosome 11p15.5. The quantitative cancer risks in BWS patients depend on the underlying (epi)genotype but have not yet been assessed in a population-based manner.MethodsWe identified a group of 321 individuals with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of BWS and analysed the cancer incidence up to age 15 years and cancer spectrum by matching their data with the German Childhood Cancer Registry.ResultsWe observed 13 cases of cancer in the entire BWS cohort vs 0.4 expected. This corresponds to a 33-fold increased risk (standardised incidence ratio (SIR) = 32.6; 95% confidence interval = 17.3-55.7). The specific cancers included hepatoblastoma (n = 6); nephroblastoma (n = 4); astrocytoma (n = 1); neuroblastoma (n = 1) and adrenocortical carcinoma (n = 1). The cancer SIR was highest in patients with a paternal uniparental disomy of 11p15.5 (UPDpat). A high cancer risk remained when cases of cancer diagnosed prior to the BWS diagnosis were excluded.ConclusionsThis study confirms an increased cancer risk in children with BWS. Our findings suggest that the highest cancer risk is associated with UPDpat. We were unable to confirm an excessive cancer risk in patients with IC1 gain of methylation (IC1-GOM) and this finding requires further investigation.
Emerging roles of ATG proteins and membrane lipids in autophagosome formation
Authors: Nishimura Taki , Tooze Sharon A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAutophagosome biogenesis is a dynamic membrane event, which is executed by the sequential function of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Upon autophagy induction, a cup-shaped membrane structure appears in the cytoplasm, then elongates sequestering cytoplasmic materials, and finally forms a closed double membrane autophagosome. However, how this complex vesicle formation event is strictly controlled and achieved is still enigmatic. Recently, there is accumulating evidence showing that some ATG proteins have the ability to directly interact with membranes, transfer lipids between membranes and regulate lipid metabolism. A novel role for various membrane lipids in autophagosome formation is also emerging. Here, we highlight past and recent key findings on the function of ATG proteins related to autophagosome biogenesis and consider how ATG proteins control this dynamic membrane formation event to organize the autophagosome by collaborating with membrane lipids.
Human cancer germline antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell—what can we learn from patient
Authors: Abd Hamid Megat , Peng Yanchun , Dong Tao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this review, we will highlight the importance of cancer germline antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) and the factors affecting antitumor CTL responses. In light of cancer immunotherapy, we will emphasis the need to further understand the features, characteristics, and actions of modulatory receptors of human cancer germline-specific CTLs, in order to determine the optimal conditions for antitumor CTL responses.
High-dimensional communication on etchless lithium niobate platform with photonic bound states in the continuum
Authors: Yu Zejie , Tong Yeyu , Tsang Hon Ki , Sun Xiankai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) have been exploited in various systems and found numerous applications. Here, we investigate high-order BICs and apply BICs on an integrated photonic platform to high-dimensional optical communication. A four-channel TM mode (de)multiplexer using different orders of BICs on an etchless lithium niobate (LiNbO3) platform where waveguides are constructed by a low-refractive-index material on a high-refractive-index substrate is demonstrated. Low propagation loss of the TM modes in different orders and phase-matching conditions for efficient excitation of the high-order TM modes are simultaneously achieved. A chip consisting of four-channel mode (de)multiplexers was fabricated and measured with data transmission at 40 Gbps/channel. All the channels have insertion loss <4.0 dB and crosstalk <−9.5 dB in a 70-nm wavelength band. Therefore, the demonstrated mode (de)multiplexing and high-dimensional communication on LiNbO3 platform can meet the increasing demand for high capacity in on-chip optical communication.
Self-regulating photochemical Rayleigh-Bénard convection using a highly-absorbing organic photoswitch
Authors: Seshadri Serena , Gockowski Luke F. , Lee Jaejun , Sroda Miranda , Helgeson Matthew E. , Read de Alaniz Javier , Valentine Megan T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe identify unique features of a highly-absorbing negatively photochromic molecular switch, donor acceptor Stenhouse adduct (DASA), that enable its use for self-regulating light-activated control of fluid flow. Leveraging features of DASA’s chemical properties and solvent-dependent reaction kinetics, we demonstrate its use for photo-controlled Rayleigh-Bénard convection to generate dynamic, self-regulating flows with unparalleled fluid velocities (~mm s−1) simply by illuminating the fluid with visible light. The exceptional absorbance of DASAs in solution, uniquely controllable reaction kinetics and resulting spatially-confined photothermal flows demonstrate the ways in which photoswitches present exciting opportunities for their use in optofluidics applications requiring tunable flow behavior.
Certainty of success: three critical parameters in coronavirus vaccine development
Authors: Kaslow David C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVaccines for 17 viral pathogens have been licensed for use in humans. Previously, two critical biological parameters of the pathogen and the host–pathogen interaction—incubation period and broadly protective, relative immunogenicity—were proposed to account for much of the past successes in vaccine development, and to be useful in estimating the “certainty of success” of developing an effective vaccine for viral pathogens for which a vaccine currently does not exist. In considering the “certainty of success” in development of human coronavirus vaccines, particularly SARS-CoV-2, a third, related critical parameter is proposed—infectious inoculum intensity, at an individual-level, and force of infection, at a population-level. Reducing the infectious inoculum intensity (and force of infection, at a population-level) is predicted to lengthen the incubation period, which in turn is predicted to reduce the severity of illness, and increase the opportunity for an anamnestic response upon exposure to the circulating virus. Similarly, successfully implementing individual- and population-based behaviors that reduce the infectious inoculum intensity and force of infection, respectively, while testing and deploying COVID-19 vaccines is predicted to increase the “certainty of success” of demonstrating vaccine efficacy and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, disease, death, and the pandemic itself.
The comparison of the process of manual and robotic positioning of the electrode performing radiofrequency ablation under the control of a surgical navigation system
Authors: Levin A. A. , Klimov D. D. , Nechunaev A. A. , Vorotnikov A. A. , Prokhorenko L. S. , Grigorieva E. V. , Astakhov D. A. , Poduraev Y. V. , Panchenkov D. N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study is aimed at the comparison of the process of manual and robotic positioning of the electrode performing radiofrequency ablation under the control of a surgical navigation system. The main hypothesis of this experiment was that the use of a collaborative manipulator (KUKA iiwa) will allow to position the active part of the electrode relative to the center of the tumor more accurately and from the first attempt. We also monitor the stability of the electrode′s velocity during insertion and consider some advantages in ergonomics using the robotic manipulator. We use three more criteria to compare the surgeon's and robotic performance, unlike other studies, where only the target point's accuracy criterion is observed. The main idea is to examine the movement parameters of the electrode that can lead to potential patient trauma. Sphere-shaped tumor phantoms measuring 8 mm in diameter were filled with contrast and inserted in bovine livers. 10 livers were used for the robotic experiment and an equal quantity for manual surgery. The livers were encased in silicone phantoms designed to imitate the liver position in a real patient's abdominal cavity. Analysis of CT data gave the opportunity to find the entry and the target point for each tumor phantom. This data was loaded into a surgical navigation system that was used to track and record the position of the RF-electrode during the operation for further analysis. The standard deviation of points from the programmed linear trajectory totaled in the average 0.3 mm for the robotic experiment and 2.33 mm for the manual operation with a maximum deviation of 0.55 mm and 7.99 mm respectively. Standard deviation from the target point was 2.69 mm for the collaborative method and 2.49 mm for the manual method. The average velocity was 2.97 mm/s for the manipulator and 3.12 mm/s for the manual method, but the standard deviation of the velocity relative to the value of the average velocity was 0.66 mm/s and 3.05 mm/s respectively. Thus, in two criteria out of three, the manipulator is superior to the surgeon, and equality is established in one. Surgeons also noticed advantages in ergonomics performing the procedure using the manipulator. This experiment was produced as part of the work on the developing of a robotic multifunctional surgical complex. We can confirm the potential advantages of using collaborative robotic manipulators for minimally invasive surgery in case of practice for cancer treatment.
In silico bacteria evolve robust cooperation via complex quorum-sensing strategies
Authors: Wang Yifei , Rattray Jennifer B. , Thomas Stephen A. , Gurney James , Brown Sam P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMany species of bacteria collectively sense and respond to their social and physical environment via ‘quorum sensing’ (QS), a communication system controlling extracellular cooperative traits. Despite detailed understanding of the mechanisms of signal production and response, there remains considerable debate over the functional role(s) of QS: in short, what is it for? Experimental studies have found support for diverse functional roles: density sensing, mass-transfer sensing, genotype sensing, etc. While consistent with theory, these results cannot separate whether these functions were drivers of QS adaption, or simply artifacts or ‘spandrels’ of systems shaped by distinct ecological pressures. The challenge of separating spandrels from drivers of adaptation is particularly hard to address using extant bacterial species with poorly understood current ecologies (let alone their ecological histories). To understand the relationship between defined ecological challenges and trajectories of QS evolution, we used an agent-based simulation modeling approach. Given genetic mixing, our simulations produce behaviors that recapitulate features of diverse microbial QS systems, including coercive (high signal/low response) and generalized reciprocity (signal auto-regulation) strategists — that separately and in combination contribute to QS-dependent resilience of QS-controlled cooperation in the face of diverse cheats. We contrast our in silico results given defined ecological challenges with bacterial QS architectures that have evolved under largely unknown ecological contexts, highlighting the critical role of genetic constraints in shaping the shorter term (experimental evolution) dynamics of QS. More broadly, we see experimental evolution of digital organisms as a complementary tool in the search to understand the emergence of complex QS architectures and functions.
Dynamical Behavior of Coal Shearer Traction-swing Coupling under Corrected Loads
Authors: Yang Xinwei , Chen Hongyue , Mao Jun , Wei Yajing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVibration is a major concern in coal mining with a shearer, and an accurate model that allows complex responses can analyze the overall vibration of the system. The large load impact on and severe vibration of a coal shearer under operating conditions were considered. A numerical model was proposed for characterizing the nonlinear dynamics of the shearer traction-swing coupling in 13 degrees of freedom using vibration mechanics and multibody dynamics. Particularly, the contact between the shearer sliding shoe and scraper conveyor was characterized using three-dimensional fractal theory, the gapped contact between the driving wheel and base plate was characterized using Hertz contact theory, and the rigidity of the lift cylinder, the coupling between the shearer fuselage and haulage unit, and the rigidity of the shearer ranging arm were characterized using Hooke’s law. Using experimentally corrected drum loads as the external excitation, the numerical model was resolved to characterize and analyze the dynamical responses of critical shearer components. The numerical model was validated against the vibration responses of a shearer and its critical components under different operating conditions obtained from a mechanical test.The research results provide theoretical basis for the structure optimization and process parameter optimization of the shearer.