bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A missense mutation in the CSTF2 gene that impairs the function of the RNA recognition motif and causes defects in 3′ end processing is associated with intellectual disability in humans
Authors: Grozdanov Petar N , Masoumzadeh Elahe , Kalscheuer Vera M , Bienvenu Thierry , Billuart Pierre , Delrue Marie-Ange , Latham Michael P , MacDonald Clinton C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCSTF2 encodes an RNA-binding protein that is essential for mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation (C/P). No disease-associated mutations have been described for this gene. Here, we report a mutation in the RNA recognition motif (RRM) of CSTF2 that changes an aspartic acid at position 50 to alanine (p.D50A), resulting in intellectual disability in male patients. In mice, this mutation was sufficient to alter polyadenylation sites in over 1300 genes critical for brain development. Using a reporter gene assay, we demonstrated that C/P efficiency of CSTF2D50A was lower than wild type. To account for this, we determined that p.D50A changed locations of amino acid side chains altering RNA binding sites in the RRM. The changes modified the electrostatic potential of the RRM leading to a greater affinity for RNA. These results highlight the significance of 3′ end mRNA processing in expression of genes important for brain plasticity and neuronal development.
Cannabis Use and the Onset of Cigarette and E-cigarette Use: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study Among Youth in the United States
Authors: Weinberger Andrea H , Zhu Jiaqi , Lee Joun , Xu Shu , Goodwin Renee D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Cigarette use is declining among youth in the United States, whereas cannabis use and e-cigarette use are increasing. Cannabis use has been linked with increased uptake and persistence of cigarette smoking among adults. The goal of this study was to examine whether cannabis use is associated with the prevalence and incidence of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use among U.S. youth.

Methods
Data included U.S. youth ages 12–17 from two waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (Wave 1 youth, n = 13 651; Wave 1 tobacco-naive youth, n = 10 081). Weighted logistic regression models were used to examine the association between Wave 1 cannabis use and (1) Wave 1 prevalence of cigarette/e-cigarette use among Wave 1 youth and (2) Wave 2 incidence of cigarette/e-cigarette use among Wave 1 tobacco-naive youth. Analyses were run unadjusted and adjusted for demographics and internalizing/externalizing problem symptoms.

Results
Wave 1 cigarette and e-cigarette use were significantly more common among youth who used versus did not use cannabis. Among Wave 1 tobacco-naive youth, Wave 1 cannabis use was associated with significantly increased incidence of cigarette and e-cigarette use by Wave 2.

Conclusions
Youth who use cannabis are more likely to report cigarette and e-cigarette use, and cannabis use is associated with increased risk of initiation of cigarette and e-cigarette use over 1 year. Continued success in tobacco control—specifically toward reducing smoking among adolescents—may require focusing on cannabis, e-cigarette, and cigarette use in public health education, outreach, and intervention efforts.

Implications
These data extend our knowledge of cigarette and e-cigarette use among youth by showing that cannabis use is associated with increased prevalence and incidence of cigarette and e-cigarette use among youth, relative to youth who do not use cannabis. The increasing popularity of cannabis use among youth and diminished perceptions of risk, coupled with the strong link between cannabis use and tobacco use, may have unintended consequences for cigarette control efforts among youth.
Pubic Osteomyelitis: Epidemiology and Factors Associated with Management Failure in Two French Reference Centers
Authors: Ferry Tristan , Becker Agathe , Valour Florent , Perpoint Thomas , Boussel Loic , Ruffion Alain , Laurent Frederic , Senneville Eric , Chidiac Christian ,   Lyon BJI Study group
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Pubic osteomyelitis (PO) is a neglected bone and joint infections (BJI), as its management is still poorly codified. We aim to describe PO epidemiology and to look for factors associated with management failure.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study in two French reference centers including patients with PO in 2010–2016. Treatment failure was defined by clinical (persistence or recurrence of clinical signs) and/or microbiological failure. Factors associated with treatment failure were determined by univariate Cox analysis (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval calculation). Kaplan–Meier curve was compared between groups by log-rank test.

Results
Twenty-five patients were included over 13 years (median age 67 years; 19 men, median ASA score 3). Six (24 %) had a PO from haematogenous origin. Those were all monomicrobial infection, due to S.aureus, mostly identified in young patients without comorbidities, especially in athletes. No surgery was required if no abcess or bone sequestrum were found. Nineteen patients (76 %) had a post-operative chronic PO (developed from 1 month to 11 years after a pelvic surgery); 15 of them had history of pelvic cancer (60%); 12 received radiotherapy at the site of infection (48 %). Infection was polymicrobial in 68 % of cases, including 32 % of cases with multidrug-resistant pathogens. A clinical success was recorded in only 14 patients (56%). Treatment failure was always noticed in chronic post-operative forms. Potential risk factors associated with failure management were: pelvic cancer history (HR 3.8; &#x2028;P = 0,089); pelvic radiotherapy history (HR 2.9; P = 0.122); clinical sinus tract (HR 5.1; P = 0,011); infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria (HR 2.8; P = 0,116), and polymicrobial infection (HR 70.5; P = 0,090).

Conclusion
Our study highlights predominant chronic complex post-operative forms of PO. They are mostly plurimicrobial, sometimes associated with multi-drug resistance, occurring in fragile patients with pelvic cancer. It frequently leads to complex antibiotherapy, with important risk of relapse. Aggressive surgical procedure with large bone resection is frequently required in patients who underwent pelvic radiotherapy.

Disclosures
T. Ferry, HERAEUS: Consultant, Speaker honorarium. E. Senneville, 1959: Board Member and Consultant, Consulting fee and Speaker honorarium
Appositive compounds in dialectal and sociolinguistic varieties of French
Authors: Bauer Brigitte L. M. 
Published: August 2020

Over the last 100 years, appositive compounding—combining two nouns in apposition—has become one of the most productive word formation processes in French. In an attempt to account for this dramatic spread and building on existing diachronic research, this article examines the occurrence of appositive compounds in non-standard French during the twentieth century, in a number of Gallo-Romance dialects and in Poilu, a sociolect from the early twentieth century, bringing together historical, dialectal, and sociolinguistic data. Analysis includes the identification of the different types of appositive compound and their underlying structure. Moreover word order patterns and their potential geographic correlates will be investigated as well as the role of metaphors and metonymy. Data reflecting geographic variation and sociolinguistic stratification will thus help to determine what factors were at play in the expansion of appositive compounding in contemporary French.
Soft-Collinear Effective Theory
Authors: Becher Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The lectures that appear within this chapter provide an introduction to soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). It begins by discussing resummation for soft-photon effects in QED, including soft photons in electron–electron scattering and the expansion of loop integrals and the method of regions event-shape variables. It then covers SCET specifically, including the method of regions for the Sudakov form factor, effective Lagrangians, the vector current in SCET, and resummation by renormalization group (RG) evolution. It covers applications of SCET in jet physics, describes the characteristic feature in jet processes of Sudakov logarithms, and discusses factorization for the event-shape variable thrust and factorization and resummation for jet cross sections.
1 Paediatric Transport Safety Collaborative (PTSIC): Critical Events with Family Presence During Paediatric Critical Care Transport
Authors: Ali Aaisham , Miller Michael , Cameron Saoirse , Gunz Anna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Health care of children in Canada is regionalized; thus, critically ill paediatric patients require transfer to a tertiary care centre for definitive medical and surgical management. There are risks inherent to transporting critically ill patients, and there is a body of literature looking to mitigate risk, which includes tracking and benchmarking quality metrics. One accepted metric is family accompaniment of a child during transport, with some studies suggesting that family accompaniment could compromise care. Currently, there has been no research that examines patient safety and outcomes during paediatric critical care transport with family presence.

Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to compare the rate of critical events (CEs) during the transport of paediatric patients by a specialized paediatric critical care transport team on transports with parental/caregiver accompaniment (P/CA) to those without P/CA. Secondary objectives included whether peak heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and clinically relevant patient outcomes varied between groups.

Design/Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients (&lt;18 years old) who were admitted to a Paediatric Critical Care Unit and transported by the local neonatal paediatric transport team between April 1st, 2018 and June 1st, 2019, inclusive. The primary outcome was CE occurrence using the composite definition of CE that was previously identified and defined by a national consensus process, which included patient-, transport provider-, laboratory- and system/vehicle- related safety factors. Secondary outcomes included peak and trough HR/SBP, and clinically relevant outcomes (including length of stay, mechanical ventilation free days, and severity of illness and organ dysfunction scores).

Results
There were a total of 178 transports eligible for analysis, and of those, 55 were with P/CA and 123 were without P/CA. The occurrence of CE was not significantly different between transports with and without P/CA (66% vs. 65%, respectively). Similarly, patient HR, SBP, and all measured clinical patient outcomes did not vary significantly between groups.

Conclusion
This study is the first to objectively measure CEs and relate them to patient clinical outcomes with regard to presence of P/CA during paediatric critical care transport. There was no identified increased risk to the patient or crew if parents/caregivers accompanied their child during transport. Areas of future study include whether parental/caregiver presence during transport affects patient anxiety and well-being.
65 Mama na Mtoto: Health Outcome Achievements Following Implementation of Comprehensive Maternal Newborn Programming in Rural Tanzania
Authors: Brenner Jennifer L , Matovelo Dismas , Maendaelo Boniphace , Mweteni Wemaeli , Singhal Nalini , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Subi Leonard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction/Background
Preventable deaths in pregnant women and newborns remain unacceptably high in East Africa. Limited antenatal, delivery and postnatal care-seeking combined with service delivery gaps at government facilities contribute to high mortality. Between 2016-2019, partners from Tanzania, Uganda, and Canada jointly developed, implemented, and evaluated a comprehensive, district-wide maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) ‘package’ in Lake Zone, Tanzania. Known locally as ‘Mama na Mtoto’, the scale-up programming involved training and capacity building for district managers, health facility staff and a network of volunteer community health workers selected by their own communities.

Objectives
To quantitatively assess changes in MNCH health outcomes following the Mama na Mtoto intervention.

Design/Methods
MNCH household-level care-seeking outcomes were assessed using a pre/post coverage survey adapted from the Demographic Health Survey. Households and women (15-49 years), selected through cluster sampling (cluster unit=hamlet), were surveyed by local, trained research assistants using tablet-based surveys. MNCH service outcomes were assessed at all government health facilities using a comprehensive pre/post cross-sectional audit tool; key measures included staff, equipment, infrastructure, supplies, and medication availability. Descriptive statistics for antenatal care (ANC), health facility delivery (HFD), and postnatal care (PNC)-related indicators were analyzed pre- and post-intervention using R software. Composite health facility ‘Readiness Scores’ were calculated through tallies of relevant itemized facility-based measures for each core MNCH service area across the district. Absolute percentage differences, confidence intervals and design effect are presented where relevant.

Results
In total, 1,977 households, 2,438 women, and 45 health facilities were surveyed pre-intervention and 1,835 homes, 2,073 women, and 49 health facilities were surveyed post. Care-seeking indicators with statistically significant changes were ANC 4+ (+11%), ANC &lt;12 weeks (+7%), HFD (+17%), and PNC for mothers (+9%); PNC for babies was not significant. Increases in composite MNCH Service Readiness Scores were as follows: ANC +24%, essential newborn care +42%, newborn resuscitation +37%, and labour and delivery +27%.

Conclusion
The comprehensive MnM package was associated with important improvements in the demand (care-seeking) and service (facility readiness) health outcomes. Attribution is complicated by an uncontrolled health system and lack of district controls; however, the extensive scope, reach, and positive changes are promising and consistent with sustained Ugandan experiences. Best practice documentation is critical to facilitate scale-up and progress acceleration of MNCH programs in Tanzanian and East African settings.
71 Predictors of children anxiety and association with parental anxiety in the preoperative setting at a tertiary pediatric center
Authors: Bastarache Amelie , Normand Genevieve 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Preoperative anxiety is a prevalent phenomenon in the pediatric population. The impact of anxiety can be seen in the children and accompanying family and have significant consequences during anesthesia, the perioperative and postoperative period. Previous studies examining risk factors of anxiety were contradictory and a few studied children aged under 5.

Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between parental anxiety and child anxiety in patients undergoing elective surgery in a tertiary pediatric center. The secondary objectives were to identify the cohort characteristics and the risk factors associated with higher anxiety.

Design/Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 166 children aged from 2 to 12 years old, who had a surgery between March and June 2019, were analyzed. Children’s anxiety at induction was assessed by the anesthesiologist with the Modified Yale Preoperative Scale Short form (mYPAS-SF). Anxiety level of children over 8 years old was self-assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Child form (STAIC) during the preoperative evaluation. Parents’ anxiety was measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form (STAI). Data recorded included personal, familial and sociodemographic details, past healthcare history and prior separations. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression were performed to identify possible risk factors of children’s anxiety and association between child and parent anxiety.

Results
The prevalence of significant anxiety at induction was 39.8%. No significant association was observed between the level of anxiety of parents compared to their children except in the group of children aged over 8. In this population, statistically significant correlation was observed between the STAIC and the STAI score, with a Pearson coefficient of 0.4. Children aged 2 to 5 years old and parents aged 15 to 35 years old, being an only child and no anterior history of separation were all associated with higher anxiety at induction. In the adjusted analysis, being five years or older was a protective factor (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.12;0.45, p&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
Parent anxiety does not seem to be a good indicator of children’s anxiety even if an association was observed in the group of 8 to 12 years old. Children under 5 are more at risk of preoperative anxiety and could benefit from new technologies and preparative strategies to lower their anxiety level. Anxiety at induction remains difficult to predict and more studies on the subject need to be carried out.
99 Newly approved IV acetaminophen in Canada: Should we switch from oral to IV? A systematic review
Authors: Ulrich Maxime , Chamberland Martine , Bertoldi Christel , Garcia-Bournissen Facundo , Kleiber Niina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Acetaminophen is the most commonly used drug in children. In 2019, an IV formulation became available in Canada, but with a price tag &gt;500 times higher than oral acetaminophen. Acetaminophen use has been growing in the US since its approval in 2011, leading to a significant health cost increase. Therefore, strict criteria for IV acetaminophen administration are needed to guide clinicians with a rational choice for route of administration and contain costs.

Objectives
To undertake a systematic review of available evidence comparing oral versus IV acetaminophen use in children.

Design/Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted on 5 databases until October 2019. All prospective interventional studies comparing IV to oral acetaminophen in patients &lt;18 years old were included. Study selection, data collection and analysis were done according to PRISMA guidelines.

Results
Among 6417 abstracts, 29 full text articles were assessed, of which only 3 were retained. Indication for acetaminophen use in these studies was: analgesia (2 studies) and fever (1 study).
Studies focused on:
- Pharmacokinetics: In 2019, the first determination of oral bioavailability (F) of acetaminophen in children was reported in 47 stable PICU patients (microtracer study design with a population pharmacokinetic study). It showed an F=72% with a high inter-individual variability (range: 11%-91%).
- Pharmacodynamics studies:
• Analgesia: Analgesic efficacy after cleft palate repair was compared in 45 children (median age: 8 month) divided in three arms receiving either oral (15mg/kg every 6h), IV (12.5mg/kg every 6h) or placebo in a double-blind randomized controlled trial. No difference in pain scores and opioids requirements was found between the oral and IV acetaminophen groups.
• Fever: An open-label prospective observational study reported the effect of IV (15mg/kg) versus oral acetaminophen (15mg/kg) on the evolution of temperature in children with fever &gt;39.5°C in hospital and outpatient settings. Two hundred patients (mean age 6.7 years) were included in each arm. Temperature decreased quicker with IV administration but 4 hours after administration, temperature was similar in each group.

Conclusion
Despite the widespread use of IV acetaminophen, there is little evidence to suggest that it improves analgesia compared to the oral formulation. Similarly, fever weans faster but whether this translates into any meaningful clinical outcome is unknown. Available data is insufficient to guide clinicians with a rational choice of route of administration, but the significantly higher costs do not seem justified by the small (if any) benefits of IV vs oral acetaminophen.
111 Kawasaki disease in Ontario children from 1995-2017: A population-based descriptive analysis
Authors: Schlorff Megan , Robinson Cal , Mondal Tapas , Demers Catherine , Darling Elizabeth , Brar Sandeep , Parekh Rulan , Seowh Hsien , Chanchlani Rahul , Batthish Michelle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a common pediatric vasculitis with rising global incidence. Associated coronary artery aneurysms (CAA) can result in significant long-term morbidity and mortality. However, our understanding of the trends in incidence along with patient and disease characteristics for North American children over the past two decades remains limited, particularly in universal health care systems. This understanding can inform healthcare resource planning and identify knowledge gaps for educational initiatives.

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare patient, hospital and disease characteristics for children diagnosed with KD between two eras (1995-2001 and 2002-2017) and three age groups (0-4yr, 5-9yr, 10-18yr) and 2) determine trends in KD incidence across Ontario, Canada between 1995 to 2017.

Design/Methods
We used healthcare administrative databases housed at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) to identify a population-based cohort of Ontario children (0-18 years) diagnosed with KD during hospital admission between April 1995 and March 2017. We excluded children with previous KD diagnosis. We compared eras and age groups by Chi-squared test. We determined the annual incidence of KD in Ontario, compared by Cochrane-Armitage test.

Results
We identified 4346 Ontario children diagnosed with KD between 1995-2017. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 3.4 years (± 2.9) and male:female ratio was 1.5:1. Median (IQR) length of hospital admission was 3 days (2-4) and 104 children (2.4%) required PICU admission. No child died within 90 days of diagnosis. Baseline CAA were observed in 106 children (2.4%). There was no difference in baseline CAA by era (2.3% [1995-2001] vs 2.5% [2002-2017], p=0.72). CAA were significantly more common in children aged 10-18 years (5.3% vs 2.4% [0-4yr] and 2.2% [5-9yr], p=0.03). Myo-/pericarditis occurred in 71 children (1.6%). Red blood cell transfusions were administered to 51 children (1.2%) and were significantly more common during 2002-2017 (≤0.5% vs 1.5%, p&lt;0.001). The standardized incidence of KD increased significantly over the study period (p&lt;0.0001), from 6.5 cases per 100,000 person-years (1995-2000) to 8.4 cases (2012-2017). Significant seasonal variation was observed; incidence was highest from November to March (OR 1.7 – 2.1, using August as reference month) and peaked in January (OR 2.1).

Conclusion
The incidence of KD has increased significantly over the past 20 years in Ontario, Canada which may reflect increased awareness and improved diagnosis. However, the frequency of baseline CAA has not changed. Baseline CAA are more common in children 10-18 years. This may suggest delayed diagnosis in this age group.