bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterobimetallic Carbene Complexes Bearing Cyclometalated IrIII/RhIII and Mixed NHCPy/PPh3 Coordinated PdII Centers: Structures and Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Majumder Adhir , Nath Saha Tarak , Majumder Niladri , Naskar Rajat , Pal Kuntal , Maity Ramananda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHeterobimetallic complexes bearing NHC donor ligands are gaining immense popularity in organometallic chemistry and tandem catalysis. It is known that the NHC reacts with PdII in the presence of pyridine to yield PEPPSI type complexes and the NHC ligands having ortho‐C−H proton easily orthometalate to IrIII or RhIII centers. Combining these two methodologies in a stepwise fashion, we present here a series of heterobimetallic IrIII−PdII and RhIII−PdII complexes from a dicarbene donor ligand featuring cyclometalated IrIII or RhIII and mixed
/PPh3 coordinated PdII centers. All the heterobimetallic complexes have been structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The heterobimetallic complexes featuring mixed
coordinated PdII centers show better activity in tandem Suzuki‐Miyaura/transfer hydrogenation reactions compared to both, the heterobimetallic complexes possessing PEPPSI type PdIIcenters, and the equimolar mixture of their mononuclear PdII and RhIII or IrIII counterparts. The heterobimetallic complex featuring cyclometalated IrIII and mixed
coordinated PdII center shows excellent selectivity for 4‐biphenylmethanol (isolated yield: 92 %) in tandem catalysis.
Preparation and characterization of gamma oryzanol loaded zein nanoparticles and its improved stability
Authors: Rodsuwan Ubonphan , Pithanthanakul Usaraphan , Thisayakorn Krittiya , Uttapap Dudsadee , Boonpisuttinant Korawinvich , Vatanyoopaisarn Savitri , Thumthanaruk Benjawan , Rungsardthong Vilai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGamma oryzanol (GO), a bioactive ingredient found in rice bran oil, performs a variety of biological effects such as antioxidant activity, reduction of total cholesterol, anti‐inflammation, and antidiabetes. However, GO is water‐insoluble and normally degrades through oxidation. Thus a nano‐encapsulation technique was investigated to improve its stability and quality. In this research, gamma oryzanol was successfully encapsulated into zein nanoparticles. The fabrication parameters including pH, zein concentration (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% w/v), and % GO loading (30, 40, and 50% by weight) were investigated. Particle size, zeta potential, yield, encapsulation efficiency and the stability or GO retention during the storage were determined. The morphology of gamma oryzanol loaded zein nanoparticles (GOZNs) was observed by scanning electron micrographs and transmission electron microscope. The increase of zein concentration and % GO loading resulted to an increase of yield, encapsulation efficiency, and particle size. The particle size of the GOZNs ranged from 93.24–350.93, and 144.13–833.27, and 145.27–993.13 nm for each zein concentration with 3 loading levels, respectively. Nano‐encapsulation exhibited higher % GO retention compared with nonencapsulated GO during 60 days storage both at 4°C and −18°C. In vitro study indicated the sustained release of GO in the simulated gastric fluid followed by simulated intestinal fluid. This finding indicated a high potential for the application of insoluble GO with improved stability by encapsulation with the hydrophobic zein protein.
Life cycle assessment synthesis of the carbon footprint of Arabica coffee: Case study of Brazil and Vietnam conventional and sustainable coffee production and export to the United Kingdom
Authors: Nab Carmen , Maslin Mark 
Published: December 2020

Over 9.5 billion kg of coffee is produced annually and demand is expected to triple by 2050. Hence, the identification and quantification of the greenhouse gas emission footprint of coffee is essential if it is to become a more sustainable crop. We have produced a detailed life cycle assessment of the carbon equivalent footprint of coffee produced in Brazil and Vietnam and exported to the United Kingdom. The average carbon footprint of Arabica coffee from both countries was calculated as 15.33 (±0.72) kg of carbon dioxide equivalent per 1 kg of green coffee (kg CO2e kg−1) for conventional coffee production and 3.51 (±0.13) kg CO2e kg−1 for sustainable coffee production. The 77% reduction in carbon footprint for sustainable coffee production in comparison to conventional production was due to exportation of coffee beans via cargo ship rather than freight flight and the reduction of agrochemical inputs. Based on our results, further reductions could be made through optimal use of agrochemicals; reduced packaging; more efficient water heating; renewable energy use; roasting beans before exportation; and carbon offsetting. Applying these recommendations correctly through certification schemes could mitigate other environmental impacts of coffee cultivation.
Domains of awareness in Alzheimer's disease: The influence of executive function
Authors: Lacerda Isabel B , Santos Raquel L , Belfort Tatiana , Neto José Pedro S , Dourado Marcia C N 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveAwareness is a developing area in dementia research and the evaluation of its domains has been increasingly included as part of care for people with Alzheimer's disease (PwAD). Our aim is to examine whether executive dysfunction is associated with awareness domains.MethodsA consecutive series of 75 people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease completed assessments about global cognitive function, executive functioning, and their awareness of disease. Their primary caregivers' dyad provided information about demographics, awareness of disease, dementia severity, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and functional status.ResultsDifferent types of executive dysfunction were presented as a predictor for awareness of disease (cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory), of emotional state (short‐term memory and attention) and of social functioning and relationships (visuospatial organization, integrative functions, and abstract thinking). Awareness of cognitive functioning and health condition and of functional activity impairments exhibit only global cognitive function as a predictor.ConclusionsFindings confirm some degree of independence between awareness domains. The importance of identifying differences in domains of awareness relies in the understanding of awareness as a clinical phenomenon in order to guide the management and support of PwAD and their caregivers.
Impact of evaporation on field capacity during water drainage redistribution in a soil
Authors: Aldrees Ali , Hafsi Amine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo this day, field capacity (FC) is rarely defined in the context of soil properties, and the use of non‐physical simplistic models is the common way to normalize water content at FC. In this study, the problem of water drainage redistribution in a soil column with and without the presence of evaporation (EV) was extensively studied. Analytical solutions for the Richards equation were established for the case of water drainage redistribution through a deeply wetted soil water column with and without EV at FC conditions. Water retention and depth evolution curves were plotted first, using different EV values of (2 , 5 and 8 ) and second, for different drainage redistribution durations of (1 day, 4 days and 6 days) where EV was set to zero for the case with no EV or to a fixed value of 5 for the case with EV. The results suggest that EV plays a significant role in soil water drainage suggesting that, in the presence of EV, the FC drying front reaches much higher depths in the soil water profile than if EV is turned off. It was also concluded that FC reaches deeper depths faster the stronger EV is acting at the surface of a soil water column. Additionally, the results suggest that the texture of the soil receiving drainage controls the amount of water available for EV and as a result, EV was found to play a stronger role the smaller the hydraulic conductivity of the soil is.
Peripheral blood stem cell collection in children with extremely low body weight (≤8 kg). What have we learned over the past 25 years and where are the limits?
Authors: Grèze Victoria , Rouel Nadège , Rochette Emmanuelle , Merlin Etienne , Halle Pascale , Plantaz Dominique , Deméocq François , Kanold Justyna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHematopoietic progenitor cells‐apheresis (HPC‐A) collection is now a routine procedure for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here we present our 25 years' experience of HPC‐A collection in children weighing 8 kg or less, with a focus on the evolution of our standard operating procedures, and the safety limits for these young patients, in the Pediatric Apheresis Unit of Clermont‐Ferrand University Hospital (France). Fifteen children weighing 8 kg or less underwent 26 HPC‐A collections over 25 years. Median CD34+ cell yield by leukapheresis was 4.4 106/kg. No procedure‐related complications were encountered during or after the collection. No patient had profound thrombocytopenia or anemia that needed post‐collection transfusions. Our experience in pediatric oncology patients who underwent HPC‐A collections shows that this procedure can be performed even in the smallest of children with no increase in toxicity provided all precautions are taken to ensure that the procedure is carried out under the ideal conditions.
Opioid Treatment for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome: Current Challenges and Future Approaches
Authors: McPhail Brooks T. , Emoto Chie , Butler Dawn , Fukuda Tsuyoshi , Akinbi Henry , Vinks Alexander A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChronic intrauterine exposure to psychoactive drugs often results in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). When nonpharmacologic measures are insufficient in controlling NOWS, morphine, methadone, and buprenorphine are first‐line medications commonly used to treat infants with NOWS because of in utero exposure to opioids. Research suggests that buprenorphine may be the leading drug therapy used to treat NOWS when compared with morphine and methadone. Currently, there are no consensus or standardized treatment guidelines for medications prescribed for NOWS. Opioids used to treat NOWS exhibit large interpatient variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) response in neonates. Organ systems undergo rapid maturation after birth that may alter drug disposition and exposure for any given dose during development. Data regarding the PK and PD of opioids in neonates are sparse. Pharmacometric methods such as physiologically based pharmacokinetic and population pharmacokinetic modeling can be used to explore factors predictive of some of the variability associated with the PK/PD of opioids in newborns. This review discusses the utility of pharmacometric techniques for enhancing precision dosing in infants requiring opioid treatment for NOWS. Applying these approaches may contribute to optimizing the outcome by reducing cumulative drug exposure, mitigating adverse drug effects, and reducing the burden of NOWS in neonates.
Slippery when wet: The free surface of the articular cartilage
Authors: Raspanti Mario , Protasoni Marina , Zecca Piero Antonio , Reguzzoni Marcella 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe free surface of the articular cartilage must withstand compressive and shearing forces, maintain a low friction coefficient and allow oxygen and metabolites to reach the underlying matrix. In many ways it is critical to the physiology of the whole tissue and its disruption always involves deep pathological alterations and loss of the joint integrity. Being very difficult to image with section‐based conventional techniques, it was often described by previous research in conflicting terms or entirely overlooked. High‐magnification face‐on observations with high resolution scanning electron microscopy and with scanning probe microscopy revealed a very thin, delicate superficial layer rich in glycoconjugates, which may explain the very low friction coefficient of the tissue but which was very easily altered and/or dissolved in the preparation. Beneath this superficial sheet lies a thicker coat of thin, highly uniform, slightly wavy collagen fibrils lying parallel to the surface and mutually interconnected by a huge number of interfibrillar glycosaminoglycan bridges. These bridges and the collagen fibrils form an extended reticular structure able to redistribute tensile and compressive stress across a larger area of the surface and hence a greater volume of tissue.
Filling quality of several obturation techniques in the presence of apically separated instruments: A Micro‐CT study
Authors: Türker Sevinç Aktemur , Uzunoğlu‐Özyürek Emel , Kaşikçi Sena , Öndeş Melike , Geneci Ferhat , Çelik Hakan Hamdi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSeparated root canal instruments may affect the quality of root canal obturation and hence the survival of endodontically treated teeth. Obturation techniques may influence filling‐quality. The aim was to evaluate the obturation quality of teeth filled with different obturation techniques in the presence of apically separated instruments using micro‐computed tomography (μ‐CT). Notched ProTaper F2 rotary‐files were separated in the apical third of 36‐human mandibular incisors with single root/canal and mature apex. Samples were filled by an endodontist according to one of the following obturation techniques (n = 12): cold lateral‐compaction (CLC), single‐cone (SC) and thermoplastic injection (TI). Samples were scanned by the Skyscan 1,274® μ‐CT device after 1‐week at 37°C in 100% humidity. Images of the sections were evaluated with CTan software in terms of total‐volume and volume percentage of the filling materials and voids between coronal end of the separated instrument and gutta‐percha/sealer filled void‐free sections. Data was analyzed using Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann Whitney‐U tests with a significance level of 5%. Kruskal–Wallis revealed differences among groups (p < 0.05).Pairwise comparisons revealed that less volume of voids were measured in SC (0.02 ± 0.03 mm3) compared to CLC (0.15 ± 0.16 mm3) and TI (0.18 ± 0.24 mm3) (p < 0.05); while TI was statistically similar with CLC (p > 0.05). Percentages of volumes of voids and filling materials were as follows for SC, CLC and TI, respectively: 8.88 ± 18.52% and 24.45 ± 38.40%, 46.92 ± 33.53% and 53.07 ± 33.53%, 40.54 ± 33.85% and 42.79 ± 34.45%. The obturation technique may have a significant impact on the volume of voids in the presence of a separated file. No obturation technique produced a void‐free root canal filling.
Diffusion‐weighted double‐echo steady‐state with a three‐dimensional cones trajectory for non‐contrast‐enhanced breast MRI
Authors: Moran Catherine J. , Cheng Joseph Y. , Sandino Christopher M. , Carl Michael , Alley Marcus T. , Rosenberg Jarrett , Daniel Bruce L. , Pittman Sarah M. , Rosen Eric L. , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe image quality limitations of echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) are an obstacle to its widespread adoption in the breast. Steady‐state DWI is an alternative DWI method with more robust image quality but its contrast for imaging breast cancer is not well‐understood. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate diffusion‐weighted double‐echo steady‐state imaging with a three‐dimensional cones trajectory (DW‐DESS‐Cones) as an alternative to conventional DWI for non‐contrast‐enhanced MRI in the breast. This prospective study included 28 women undergoing clinically indicated breast MRI and six asymptomatic volunteers. In vivo studies were performed at 3 T and included DW‐DESS‐Cones, DW‐DESS‐Cartesian, DWI, and CE‐MRI acquisitions. Phantom experiments (diffusion phantom, High Precision Devices) and simulations were performed to establish framework for contrast of DW‐DESS‐Cones in comparison to DWI in the breast. Motion artifacts of DW‐DESS‐Cones were measured with artifact‐to‐noise ratio in volunteers and patients. Lesion‐to‐fibroglandular tissue signal ratios were measured, lesions were categorized as hyperintense or hypointense, and an image quality observer study was performed in DW‐DESS‐Cones and DWI in patients. Effect of DW‐DESS‐Cones method on motion artifacts was tested by mixed‐effects generalized linear model. Effect of DW‐DESS‐Cones on signal in phantom was tested by quadratic regression. Correlation was calculated between DW‐DESS‐Cones and DWI lesion‐to‐fibroglandular tissue signal ratios. Inter‐observer agreement was assessed with Gwet's AC. Simulations predicted hyperintensity of lesions with DW‐DESS‐Cones but at a 3% to 67% lower degree than with DWI. Motion artifacts were reduced with DW‐DESS‐Cones versus DW‐DESS‐Cartesian (p < 0.05). Lesion‐to‐fibroglandular tissue signal ratios were not correlated between DW‐DESS‐Cones and DWI (r = 0.25, p = 0.38). Concordant hyperintensity/hypointensity was observed between DW‐DESS‐Cones and DWI in 11/14 lesions. DW‐DESS‐Cones improved sharpness, distortion, and overall image quality versus DWI. DW‐DESS‐Cones may be able to eliminate motion artifacts in the breast allowing for investigation of higher degrees of steady‐state diffusion weighting. Malignant breast lesions in DW‐DESS‐Cones demonstrated hyperintensity with respect to surrounding tissue without an injection of contrast.Level of Evidence2.Technical Efficacy Stage1.
Safety evaluation of mice exposed to 7.0–33.0 T high‐static magnetic fields
Authors: Tian Xiaofei , Lv Yue , Fan Yixiang , Wang Ze , Yu Biao , Song Chao , Lu Qingyou , Xi Chuanying , Pi Li , Zhang Xin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 7 T and higher can provide superior image resolution and capability. Clinical tests have been performed in 9.4 T MRI, and 21.1 T small‐bore‐size MRI has also been tested in rodents. Although the safety issue is a prerequisite for their future medical application, there are very few relevant studies for the safety of static magnetic fields (SMFs) of ≧20 T. The aim of this study was to assess the biological effects of 7.0–33.0 T SMFs in healthy adult mice. This was a prospective study, in which 104 healthy adult C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, sham control, and 7.0–33.0 T SMF‐exposed groups.The sham control group and SMF group were handled identically, except for the electric current for producing SMF. A separate control group was placed outside the magnet and their data were used as normal range. After 1 h exposure, all mice were routinely fed for another 2 months while their body weight and food/water consumption were monitored. After 2 months, their complete blood count, blood biochemistry, key organ weight, and histomorphology were examined. All data are normally distributed. Differences between the sham and SMF‐exposed groups were evaluated by unpaired t test. Most indicators did not show statistically significant changes or were still within the normal ranges, with only a few exceptions. For example, mono % in Group 2 (11.1 T) is 6.03 ± 1.43% while the normal range is 6.60–9.90% (p < 0.05). The cholesterol level in 33 T group is 3.38 ± 0.36 mmol/L while the normal range is 2.48–3.29 mmol/L (p < 0.05). The high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level in 33 T group is 2.54 ± 0.29 mmol/L while the normal reference range is 1.89–2.43 mmol/L (p < 0.01). Exposure to 7.0–33.0 T for 1 h did not have detrimental effects on normal adult mice.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Risk Factors for Multiple Tympanostomy Tube Placements in Children: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Goel Alexander N. , Omorogbe Aisosa , Hackett Alyssa , Rothschild Michael A. , Londino Aldo V. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the rate and predictors of receiving multiple tympanostomy tube (TT) placements in children.Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies reporting the risk factors for receiving repeat TT (r‐TT) placements in children with chronic otitis media with effusion or recurrent acute otitis media. These articles were systematically reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Data were pooled using a random‐effects model.ResultsTwenty‐one studies involving a total of 290,897 children were included. Among all patients, 24.1% (95% confidence interval (CI), 18.2%–29.9%) underwent ≥2 TT placements and 7.5% (95% CI, 5.7%–9.4%) underwent ≥3 TT placements. Craniofacial disease (odds ratio (OR) 5.13, 95% CI, 1.57–16.74) was the strongest predictor of r‐TT. Younger age at initial TT placement and shorter TT retention time were also significantly associated with r‐TT. Receipt of primary adenoidectomy with initial TT placement was associated with decreased odds of r‐TT (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.39–0.55). Long‐term tubes also significantly reduced the odds of r‐TT (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.17–0.44).ConclusionsAbout 1 in 4 children receiving TT will receive at least one repeat set of TT and about 1 in 14 will receive multiple repeat sets. Concurrent adenoidectomy and long‐term tubes reduced the incidence of r‐TT. Younger patients and those with earlier extrusion of the initial set are at increased risk for repeat surgery. The identification of these risk factors may improve parental counseling and identify patients who might benefit from closer follow‐up.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E2363–E2370, 2021
Long‐Term Follow‐Up on Systemic Bevacizumab Treatment in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Evers Georg , Schliemann Christoph , Beule Achim , Schmidt Lars‐Henning , Schulze Arik B. , Kessler Christina , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Wiewrodt Rainer , Groll Andreas H. , Bleckmann Annalen , Rudack Claudia , Berdel Wolfgang E. , Mohr Michael 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a primarily benign disease affecting the entire respiratory tract. Treatment is challenging and usually involves surgical interventions and adjuvant medications. Previously, promising results on systemic administration of bevacizumab have been reported. However, experience on long‐term systemic use in patients with RRP is not yet available. Here, we present our long‐term follow‐up on RRP patients undergoing systemic bevacizumab treatment.Study DesignCase series.MethodsTo describe experience on long‐term systemic bevacizumab administration, we performed the underlying investigation. Clinical, radiological, and bronchoscopy data were collected.ResultsTo date, a total of n = 5 patients has been treated with systemic bevacizumab at Muenster University Hospital. With a median follow‐up since first systemic bevacizumab administration of 95.5 months long‐term follow‐up is illustrated. Following bevacizumab treatment partial remission or very good partial remission were achieved in all patients. After papilloma recurrence/progression due to bevacizumab discontinuation, further response was documented in all patients in whom bevacizumab was started again. In one patient, bevacizumab was discontinued due to loss of efficacy. Lung cancer developed in one patient with pulmonary papillomatosis prior to bevacizumab administration whereas three patients suffered from malignant transformation during bevacizumab treatment. Systemic bevacizumab led to long‐term reduction in surgical interventions in all patients. Except from mild proteinuria and hypertension in two patients therapy was well tolerated.ConclusionsSystemic bevacizumab represents a promising long‐term treatment option for aggressive forms of papillomatosis. Rate of malignant transformation under bevacizumab treatment, optimal treatment schedule, and influence on survival should be further evaluated in clinical trials.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1926–E1933, 2021