bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Reference Genome Uncovers Novel Sex-Linked Regions in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Fraser Bonnie A , Whiting James R , Paris Josephine R , Weadick Cameron J , Parsons Paul J , Charlesworth Deborah , Bergero Roberta , Bemm Felix , Hoffmann Margarete , Kottler Verena A , Liu Chang , Dreyer Christine , Weigel Detlef 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTheory predicts that the sexes can achieve greater fitness if loci with sexually antagonistic polymorphisms become linked to the sex determining loci, and this can favor the spread of reduced recombination around sex determining regions. Given that sex-linked regions are frequently repetitive and highly heterozygous, few complete Y chromosome assemblies are available to test these ideas. The guppy system (Poecilia reticulata) has long been invoked as an example of sex chromosome formation resulting from sexual conflict. Early genetics studies revealed that male color patterning genes are mostly but not entirely Y-linked, and that X-linkage may be most common in low-predation populations. More recent population genomic studies of guppies have reached varying conclusions about the size and placement of the Y-linked region. However, this previous work used a reference genome assembled from short-read sequences from a female guppy. Here, we present a new guppy reference genome assembly from a male, using long-read PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing and chromosome contact information. Our new assembly sequences across repeat- and GC-rich regions and thus closes gaps and corrects mis-assemblies found in the short-read female-derived guppy genome. Using this improved reference genome, we then employed broad population sampling to detect sex differences across the genome. We identified two small regions that showed consistent male-specific signals. Moreover, our results help reconcile the contradictory conclusions put forth by past population genomic studies of the guppy sex chromosome. Our results are consistent with a small Y-specific region and rare recombination in male guppies.
Underlying Vulnerabilities to the Cytokine Storm and Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in the Aging Immune System
Authors: Nidadavolu Lolita S , Walston Jeremy D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Older adults are far more vulnerable to adverse health outcomes and mortality after contracting COVID-19. There are likely multiple age-related biological, clinical, and environmental reasons for this increased risk, all of which are exacerbated by underlying age-associated changes to the immune system as well as increased prevalence of chronic disease states in older adults. Innate immune system overactivity, termed the cytokine storm, appears to be critical in the development of the worst consequences of COVID-19 infection. Pathophysiology suggests that viral stimulation of the innate immune system, augmented by inflammatory signals sent from dying cells, ramps up into a poorly controlled outpouring of inflammatory mediators. Other aging-related changes in cells such as senescence as well as higher prevalence of chronic disease states also likely ramp up inflammatory signaling. This in turn drives downstream pathophysiological changes to pulmonary, cardiovascular, skeletal muscle, and brain tissues that drive many of the adverse health outcomes observed in older adults. This article provides an overview of the underlying etiologies of innate immune system activation and adaptive immune system dysregulation in older adults and how they potentiate the consequences of the COVID-19-related cytokine storm, and possible uses of this knowledge to develop better risk assessment and treatment monitoring strategies.
Heterogeneity in Association Between Cognitive Function and Gait Speed Among Older Adults: An Integrative Data Analysis Study
Authors: Handing Elizabeth P , Rapp Stephen R , Chen Shyh-Huei , Rejeski W Jack , Wiberg Marie , Bandeen-Roche Karen , Craft Suzanne , Kitzman Dalane , Ip Edward H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence shows that cognition and gait speed are associated and are important measures of health among older adults. However, previous studies have used different methods to assess these 2 outcomes and lack sufficient sample size to examine heterogeneity among subgroups. This study examined how the relationship between global cognitive function and gait speed are influenced by age, gender, and race utilizing an integrated data analysis approach.

Method
Data on cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA], Mini-Mental Status Examination [MMSE], and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination [3MSE]) and gait speed (range: 4–400 m) were acquired and harmonized from 25 research studies (n = 2802) of adults aged 50+ from the Wake Forest Older American Independence Center. Multilevel regression models examined the relationship between predicted values of global cognitive function (MoCA) and gait speed (4-m walk), including heterogeneity by age, race, and gender.

Results
Global cognitive function and gait speed exhibited a consistent positive relationship among whites with increasing age, while this was less consistent for African Americans. That is, there was a low correlation between global cognitive function and gait speed among African Americans aged 50–59, a positive correlation in their 60s and 70s, then a negative correlation thereafter.

Conclusion
Global cognition and gait speed exhibited a curvilinear U-shaped relationship among whites; however, the association becomes inverse in African Americans. More research is needed to understand this racial divergence and could aid in identifying interventions to maintain cognitive and gait abilities across subgroups.
Development of Generative Concern Across Mid- to Later Life
Authors: Nelson Niccole A , Bergeman Cindy S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The development of generativity, or investment in the next generation, has been theorized about for decades. Extant empirical findings regarding generativity’s trajectory, however, are mixed. Thus, the current study modeled the development of generative concern, or the extent to which individuals care for the next generation, across adulthood.

Research Design and Methods
The current study followed an accelerated longitudinal design, modeling generative concern’s trajectory across the overlapping ages of 861 age-heterogeneous participants from the 10-year Notre Dame Study of Health & Well-being. Three models were fit to examine whether generative concern followed a linear, quadratic, or cubic trajectory across ages 40–84. The Final Model was tested for birth cohort effects to support the interpretation of developmental change.

Results
Generative concern followed an age-graded cubic trend across ages 40–84, and no birth cohort effects were apparent in this trajectory. Generative concern was highest at age 40. Although generative concern declined thereafter, it remained relatively stable across ages 50–70. Finally, generative concern declined after age 70.

Discussion and Implications
Generative concern, indeed, develops over time. The step-like declines across ages 40–84 are informative for both basic and applied researchers in that knowledge of this developmental trend bolsters decade-old theory and informs the optimal timing for intervention work.
Chronic medical conditions and late effects after acute myeloid leukaemia in adolescents and young adults: a population-based study
Authors: Abrahão Renata , Huynh Jasmine C , Benjamin David J , Li Qian W , Winestone Lena E , Muffly Lori , Keegan Theresa H M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Curative-intent treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) can lead to multiple chronic medical conditions (‘late effects’). Little is known about the burden of late effects in adolescent and young adult (AYA, 15–39 years) survivors of AML. We aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence and investigate the main predictors of late effects among these patients.

Methods
During 1996–2012, 1168 eligible AYAs with AML who survived ≥2 years after diagnosis were identified in the California Cancer Registry. Late effects were reported from State hospital discharge data, and patients were followed through 2014. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of late effects occurrence were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Results
The most common late effects at 10 years after diagnosis were: endocrine (26.1%), cardiovascular (18.6%) and respiratory (6.6%), followed by neurologic (4.9%), liver/pancreatic (4.3%), renal (3.1%), avascular necrosis (2.7%) and second primary malignancies (2.4%). Of 1168 survivors, 547 (46.8%) received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). After multivariable adjustments, AYAs who underwent HSCT or had a non-favourable risk AML experienced ∼2-fold or higher increased likelihood of all late effects. Additionally, AYAs of Hispanic, Black or Asian/Pacific Islander (vs non-Hispanic White) race/ethnicity and those who resided in lower socio-economic neighbourhoods were at higher risk of numerous late effects.

Conclusions
Our findings underscore the need for long-term surveillance for the prevention, early detection and treatment of late effects, and can inform the development of AYA-focused consensus-based guidelines that will ultimately improve the quality of life and survival of these young vulnerable patients.
There Is More Than One Type of Hoarder: Collecting, Managing and Hoarding Digital Data in the Workplace
Authors: McKellar Kerry , Sillence Elizabeth , Neave Nick , Briggs Pam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere are organizational and individual problems associated with the excessive accumulation of digital material, but little is known about why people hoard digital information in the workplace. We interviewed 20 participants from two large knowledge-intensive organizations (one academic, one commercial). These participants scored highly on the Digital Hoarding Questionnaire (DHQ). We asked them to discuss their information management practices, their reasons for keeping large amounts of digital data and the difficulties they faced in relation to deleting data. Using thematic analysis, we identified four underlying dimensions of digital hoarding (anxiety, disengagement, compliance and collection). We discuss these in relation to the consequences of digital hoarding for individuals and organizations—considering the implications for organizational culture, digital ownership and cybersecurity.
Psychosocial Determinants of Burn-Related Suicide: Evidence From the National Violent Death Reporting System
Authors: Abrams Thereasa E , McGarity Stephen V 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSuicide is a unique phenomenon in humans. In 2017, over 47,000 Americans died by suicide, prompting a public health crisis. Suicide by burning, while one of the rarest forms of suicide, could be mitigated in part by early recognition and treatment of the underlying psychosocial factors. To date, investigators have attempted to tease out the risk factors associated with this phenomenon through the examination of burn center chart reviews and repository data, but these studies were limited by small sample sizes. In order to fill this gap in the literature, the authors analyzed 14 years of data (2003–2016) from the National Violent Death Reporting System. Suicides by burning (n = 722) were compared with a reference group containing all other suicide types (n = 166,949). Socio-demographic variables and psychosocial factors (eg, mental health, substance use, and alcohol use) were included in the model. Due to the imbalance between the target and reference groups, rare event data analysis was used to reduce potential small sample estimation bias. Results indicated that females (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: .50–2.83, P &lt; .001), Caucasians (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7, P &lt; .001), victims with schizophrenia (OR = 5.4, 95% CI: 3.7–7.8, P &lt; .001), and victims with eating disorders (OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.9–8.6, P &lt; .001) are significantly more likely to commit suicide by burning. These results contribute new knowledge to what is currently known about suicidal burn-related behaviors and supports interventions that focus on mitigating this insidious public health problem.
The end of the great inversion: offshore national banks and the global financial crisis
Authors: Haberly Daniel , Wójcik Dariusz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere we present a novel analysis of the geographic evolution of international banking since 1980, which addresses still unanswered questions about the role of offshore centers in the global financial crisis, and the post-crisis stability of these centers. We show that post-1980 regulatory shifts prompted a ‘Great Inversion’ of offshore banking, wherein conventional Euromarket activity was partially overshadowed by the growth of European ‘midshore’ center national banks. As a result, offshore jurisdictions (i) were likely more responsible for pre-crisis regulatory failures in a home than host regulator capacity and (ii) internalized far greater domestic fiscal risks than in previous crises.
Wolf habitat selection in relation to recreational structures in a national park
Authors: Malcolm Kimberly , Cheveau Marianne , St-Laurent Martin-Hugues 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough most predators usually avoid human activity, some individuals instead will habituate to it. Habituation to human presence and infrastructure by predator species such as wolves may lead to conflicts implicating serious risks for public safety and for the survival of the animals involved. Accordingly, this research project aims to shed light on the relationship between wolves and recreational structures using telemetry data from 10 wolves located in the Parc National du Mont-Tremblant (Québec, Canada) and its surrounding area. Using resource selection functions (RSFs), we observed wolf habitat selection in relation to these structures during three biological periods (denning: May–June; rendezvous: June–October; and nomadic: October–April). Our results revealed that wolves selected proximity to linear structures (roads and trails) during the denning and rendezvous periods, but this selection depended on the density of such structures in the surroundings (i.e., functional response in habitat selection): wolves selected proximity to linear structures when these structures were present at greater densities. Wolves avoided housing structures (campsites, cabins, park facilities), especially when these structures were present at greater densities, suggesting that wolves perceived them as a risk. These results suggest that conflicts between visitors and wolves were unlikely to occur in campgrounds during the time of our study. This could indicate that the management measures implemented by the park following the past episodes of conflict were effective. However, wolves’ use of linear structures could lead to increased tolerance to human proximity if left unmanaged.
Parental Coronavirus Disease 2019 Testing of Hospitalized Children: Rethinking Infection Control in a Pandemic
Authors: Hassoun Ameer , Prasad Nishant , Pugh Suzanne , Merced Indira , Abularrage Joseph , Sharma Manish 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a challenge to infection control within hospital systems. Asymptomatic children and their caretakers carry the risk of silently spreading infection in pediatric emergency departments and hospital units. Our current knowledge is evolving, and infection control measures are frequently changing depending on new emerging data.

Methods
We conducted a point-prevalence study to assess SARS-CoV-2 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR) results of hospitalized children, their asymptomatic caretakers, and caretaker-child test concordance at a major community hospital in New York City. We screened Children and caretakers with temperature measurements and the presence of COVID-19 symptoms before pediatric emergency department evaluation. Children requiring hospitalization and their caretakers had nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. The paired results are used to identify the infection control level at the appropriate pediatric unit.

Results
Forty consecutive asymptomatic caretaker-child pairs had SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing between May 28th to June 22nd, 2020. The rate of asymptomatic COVID-19 was 2.5% in hospitalized children and 7.5% in caretakers. The caretaker-child SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test concordance was evident in 95% of the cohort.

Conclusion
This cohort had a low asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive rate in children and their caretakers with a high concordance rate of paired test results. It suggests that children’s SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result will likely correspond to their accompanying caretaker at healthcare facilities where admission screening is performed.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy delivered with IMRT for oligometastatic regional lymph node metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-institutional study
Authors: Matoba Munetaka , Tsuchiya Hirokazu , Kondo Tamaki , Ota Kiyotaka 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The optimal treatment to lymph node metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been established, yet. Our aim was to evaluate the local control, the survival benefit and the toxicity of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) delivered with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to oligometastatic regional lymph node in HCC patients. We retrospectively analyzed 15 patients with HCC treated with SBRT delivered using IMRT to 24 regional lymph node metastases. Dose prescriptions were set to 45 Gy in 6 fractions of 7.5 Gy for solitary lesions and 49.5 Gy in 9 fractions of 5.5 Gy for multiple lesions. For the planning target volume, the plan was optimized aiming for a V95% &gt; 90%. The study endpoints were freedom from local progression (FFLP), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity. The median follow-up was 18.1 months. The 1-year and 2-year FFLP rates were 100 and 90 ± 9.5%, respectively. The 1-year PFS rate was 46.7 ± 12.9%, and the 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 73.3 ± 11.4 and 28.6 ± 12.7%, respectively. Only one patient had a duodenal ulcer and three patients had liver enzyme elevation in sub-acute toxicity, however there was no grade ≥ 3 toxicity. In conclusion, SBRT delivered with IMRT to lymph node metastases can offer excellent local control with minimal toxicity, and SBRT may improve HCC patients’ survival more than conventional radiotherapy.
The Long-Term Outcomes of Refugees: Tracking the Progress of the East African Asians
Authors: Anders Jake , Burgess Simon , Portes Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRefugees are often perceived as an economic ‘burden’, as the current debate on the European refugee crisis illustrates. But there is little quantitative evidence on the medium-term outcomes of refugees in the UK. We fill this gap by looking at the case of ‘East African Asians’ who arrived as refugees in the late 1960s and early 1970s. We discuss from a theoretical and empirical perspective the possible factors that might influence—positively and negatively—their long-term economic outcomes and use data from the UK Census to describe those outcomes 40 years later. We show that their outcomes are at least as good as the population average, with the younger cohort performing better, and better than for economic migrants of the same ethnicity. At least for this group, refugee status, as distinct from ethnicity or immigrant status, appears to have been positively associated with their economic outcomes.
Rice lectin protein r40c1 imparts drought tolerance by modulatingS-adenosylmethionine synthase 2, stress-associated protein 8 and chromatin-associated proteins
Authors: Sahid Salman , Roy Chandan , Paul Soumitra , Datta Riddhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLectin proteins play an important role in biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. Although the rice lectin protein Osr40c1 has been reported to be regulated by drought stress, the mechanism of its drought tolerance activity has not been studied so far. In this study, it is shown that expression of the Osr40c1 gene correlates with the drought tolerance potential of various rice cultivars. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing Osr40c1 were significantly more tolerant to drought stress than the wild-type plants. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the Osr40c1 gene in tobacco yielded a similar result. Interestingly, the protein displayed a nucleo-cytoplasmic localization and was found to interact with a number of drought-responsive proteins such as S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2 (OsSAM2), stress-associated protein 8 (OsSAP8), DNA-binding protein MNB1B (OsMNB1B), and histone 4 (OsH4). Silencing of each of these protein partners led to drought sensitivity in otherwise tolerant Osr40c1-expressing transgenic tobacco lines indicating that these partners were crucial for the Osr40c1-mediated drought tolerance in planta. Moreover, the association of Osr40c1 with these partners occurred specifically under drought stress forming a multi-protein complex. Together, our findings delineate a novel role of Osr40c1 in imparting drought tolerance by regulating OsMNB1B, OsSAM2, and OsH4 proteins, which presumably enables OsSAP8 to induce downstream gene expression.
The Lagrangian hydrodynamics code magma2
Authors: Rosswog S 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTWe present the methodology and performance of the new Lagrangian hydrodynamics code magma2, a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code that benefits from a number of non-standard enhancements. By default it uses high-order smoothing kernels and wherever gradients are needed, they are calculated via accurate matrix inversion techniques, but a more conventional formulation with kernel gradients has also been implemented for comparison purposes. We also explore a matrix inversion formulation of SPH with a symmetrization in the particle indices that is not frequently used. We find interesting advantages of this formulation in some of the tests, for example, a substantial reduction of surface tension effects for non-ideal particle setups and more accurate peak densities in Sedov blast waves.  magma2 uses artificial viscosity, but enhanced by techniques that are commonly used in finite-volume schemes such as reconstruction and slope limiting. While simple to implement, this approach efficiently suppresses particle noise, but at the same time drastically reduces dissipation in locations where it is not needed and actually unwanted. We demonstrate the performance of the new code in a number of challenging benchmark tests including, for example, multidimensional vorticity creating Schulz–Rinne-type Riemann problems and more astrophysical tests such as a collision between two stars to demonstrate its robustness and excellent conservation properties.