bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afghanistan Towards Independent Transit Trade: A Decay of Affiliation to Pakistan
Authors: Kakar Ajmal 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Afghanistan has been using the territory of Pakistan for its transit trade purposes since ancient times. Pakistan has always been putting pressure on Afghanistan for providing its transit trade facilities. However, in post 2014 scenario, the National Unity Government of Afghanistan initiated to explore new transit trade routes owing to not fully rely on Pakistani ports. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to reveal that Afghanistan is not solely relying on Pakistan thence. Design/Methodology: The data used in this article have been retrieved from World Bank and National Statistics and Information Authority of Afghanistan. A graphical analysis and a simple model called Terms of Trade carried out to explain the transit trade affiliation scenario of Afghanistan to Pakistan in pre and post 2014. Findings: The finding reveals that Afghanistan is no longer relying on Pakistani ports and describes that since 2014 the affiliation to Pakistan has been deteriorated, especially by establishment and inauguration of Chabahar Port, Lapis Lazuli Corridor and the air corridors between Afghanistan and other counties. Conclusion: The article identifies and explains the Chabahar Port, India–Afghanistan air corridor and the Lapis Lazuli corridor as the finest alternatives to Pakistani transit trade routes.
Hip arthroscopy for hip osteoarthritis is associated with increased risk for revision after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Malahias Michael-Alexander , Gu Alex , Richardson Shawn S , De Martino Ivan , Sculco Peter K , McLawhorn Alexander S 
Published: March 2020

Background: It has not been determined yet whether hip arthroscopy (HA) leads to adverse outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to (1) determine 2-year conversion rate of HA done for osteoarthritis (OA) to THA and (2) explore the relationship between HA performed in patients with hip osteoarthritis and the risk of revision THA within 2 years of index arthroplasty. Methods: Data was collected from the Medicare Standardized Analytic Files insurance database using the PearlDiver Patient Records Database from 2005–2016. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based upon a history of hip arthroscopy prior to THA. Results: The 2-year conversion to THA rate for hip arthroscopy in patients with OA was 68.4% (95% CI, 66.2–70.6%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that OA patients who underwent HA prior to THA were at an increased risk of revision surgery (OR 3.72; 95% CI, 3.15–4.57; p  = 0.012), periprosthetic joint infection (OR 1.86; 95% CI, 1.26–2.77, p  = 0.010) and aseptic loosening (OR 2.81; 95% CI, 1.66–4.76; p  < 0.001) within 2 years of THA. Conclusions: Analysis of a large insurance database found the conversion rate from HA performed in Medicare OA patients to THA within 2 years is unacceptably high. Hip arthroscopy prior to THA also significantly increased the risk of THA revision within 2 years after index THA. These results suggest that arthroscopic hip surgery should not be performed in patients with a diagnosis of OA as conversion rates are high and revision rates post THA are significantly increased.
School leadership, school inspection and the micropolitics of compliance and resistance: Examining the hyper-enactment of policy in an area of deprivation
Authors: Colman Aly 
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the influence of intense scrutiny from Ofsted on school leadership and policy enactment. Data was collected in a coastal area of deprivation, providing the setting for a detailed case study of school leadership in a state secondary school and a state primary school, both with recent or ongoing experience of intense scrutiny from Ofsted. Seventeen interviews were undertaken with staff involved in leadership roles. The analyses of data and discussion form an understanding of how policy is enacted in relation to the dual responsibility that school leaders negotiate between the local context at Seatown and Ofsted. This paper suggests that Ofsted forces a privileging of a compliant and consistent enactment of policy; a hyper-enactment of policy, that reduces the capacity of school leaders to address the significant social context of the school. Foucault’s work on self-disciplinary technologies provides insight into the micropolitical spaces which open up for some school leaders. The discussion on the micropolitics of compliance and resistance offers insight into the tensions pertinent to school leadership teams and explores issues relevant to those interested in policy and inspection activity, particularly those within areas of deprivation.
Shared governance: a children’s hospital journey to clinical nursing excellence
Authors: Khraisat Omar , Al-awamreh Khetam , Hamdan Mahmoud , AL-Bashtawy Mohammed , khawaldeh Abdullah Al , Alqudah Mohammad , Qaddumi Jamal A. S. , Haliq Samer 
Published: March 2020

Background Shared governance is examined through a framework for developing independent decision making in professional nursing practice and improving patient care outcomes. Aims This study is designed to obtain a baseline measurement of the degree of shared governance in a selected children’s hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods The study was guided by the Donabedian model. The Professional Nursing Governance Index was used. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to nurses working at the hospital, with a response rate of 77% ( n = 307). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. Results The results corresponded with those from nurses and managers in most subscales of the Index of Professional Nursing Governance (information, goals, resources, participation and practice). However, nurses working in the operating theatre and surgical unit have a perceived higher level of shared governance than those in critical care units and medical wards. Conclusions The results could encourage shareholders and leaders in the nursing field to develop the perception of shared governance by adopting a shared governance model, which in turn might improve the quality of nursing care .
Exploring UK doctors’ attitudes towards online patient feedback: Thematic analysis of survey data
Authors: Turk Amadea , Fleming Joanna , Powell John , Atherton Helen 
Published: March 2020

Introduction Patients are increasingly using online platforms to give feedback about their health-care experiences. Online feedback has been proposed as a way to drive transformative change in the health service through informing choice and improving quality. Attitudes held by health-care professionals influence the uptake of new technologies. Understanding these attitudes is essential in exploring the potential of online patient feedback as a standard feedback mechanism. This study explores the content of free-text comments left by doctors responding to a survey with the aim of understanding their attitudes towards online feedback. Methods A cross-sectional online questionnaire was completed by 1001 UK primary and secondary-care doctors. Doctors were given the opportunity to leave a free-text comment about online patient feedback. Doctors’ attitudes towards online patient feedback were identified and explored using thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to examine demographic differences between those doctors who left a comment and those who did not. Results Thematic analysis identified five key interrelated themes: anonymity, confidentiality, representativeness, moderation/regulation of online feedback and platform type. The characteristics of those leaving a comment very closely matched those of the entire survey sample. Conclusion Across the comments, the most prominent finding was a general scepticism and caution towards online feedback, with most of the key themes relating to the perceived limitations and challenges. Further work exploring ways of addressing and verifying online comments without breaching confidentiality could provide valuable information to health systems seeking to drive improvement through patient online feedback.
MKL1 deficiency results in a severe neutrophil motility defect due to impaired actin polymerization
Authors: Sprenkeler Evelien G. G. , Henriet Stefanie S. V. , Tool Anton T. J. , Kreft Iris C. , van der Bijl Ivo , Aarts Cathelijn E. M. , van Houdt Michel , Verkuijlen Paul J. J. H. , van Aerde Koen , Jaspers Gerald , van Heijst Arno , Koole Wouter , Gardeitchik Thatjana , Geissler Judy , de Boer Martin , Tol Simon , Bruggeman Christine W. , van Alphen Floris P. J. , Verhagen Han J. M. P. , van den Akker Emile , Janssen Hans , van Bruggen Robin , van den Berg Timo K. , Liem Kian D. , Kuijpers Taco W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMegakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) promotes the regulation of essential cell processes, including actin cytoskeletal dynamics, by coactivating serum response factor. Recently, the first human with MKL1 deficiency, leading to a novel primary immunodeficiency, was identified. We report a second family with 2 siblings with a homozygous frameshift mutation in MKL1. The index case died as an infant from progressive and severe pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and poor wound healing. The younger sibling was preemptively transplanted shortly after birth. The immunodeficiency was marked by a pronounced actin polymerization defect and a strongly reduced motility and chemotactic response by MKL1-deficient neutrophils. In addition to the lack of MKL1, subsequent proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of patient neutrophils revealed actin and several actin-related proteins to be downregulated, confirming a role for MKL1 as a transcriptional coregulator. Degranulation was enhanced upon suboptimal neutrophil activation, whereas production of reactive oxygen species was normal. Neutrophil adhesion was intact but without proper spreading. The latter could explain the observed failure in firm adherence and transendothelial migration under flow conditions. No apparent defect in phagocytosis or bacterial killing was found. Also, monocyte-derived macrophages showed intact phagocytosis, and lymphocyte counts and proliferative capacity were normal. Nonhematopoietic primary fibroblasts demonstrated defective differentiation into myofibroblasts but normal migration and F-actin content, most likely as a result of compensatory mechanisms of MKL2, which is not expressed in neutrophils. Our findings extend current insight into the severe immune dysfunction in MKL1 deficiency, with cytoskeletal dysfunction and defective extravasation of neutrophils as the most prominent features.
Properties of common tropical hardwoods for fretboard of string instruments
Authors: Liu Meihong , Peng Limin , Lyu Shaoyi , Lyu Jianxiong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFretboards of string instruments are usually made of rare woods that commonly have a high density, strength, and hardness; further, they are wear resistant, uniform in texture, and feature an elegant color. To reduce the consumption of scarce timber resources, especially of endangered tropical hardwood species, suitable replacement materials should be identified. The substitute can be either common tree species having similar characteristics, or fast-growing plantation wood that has undergone modifications to match the performance of precious woods. This study compares the anatomical structure, physical features, mechanical properties, and surface color of three precious woods traditionally used in fretboards (ebony, Indian rosewood, and African blackwood) against maple, which is used for the backboard, ribs, and necks of string instruments. Based on the data, a set of performance evaluation indices for selecting alternative materials for fretboards is proposed. In specific, the replacement wood should be a diffuse-porous tropical hardwood with few vessels and a smaller diameter, thick fibrous walls, and a cell wall rate of more than 50%. In terms of physical properties, it should have low swelling coefficients for moisture and water absorption, and dimensional stability. The replacement should also display hardness values greater than 9.0 kN in the cross-section and greater than 6.0 kN in the tangential and radial sections. Further, it should have a high modulus of rupture (> 149 MPa) and elasticity (> 14.08 GPa), good impact bending strength, and good wear resistance (80–150 mg/100 r). To satisfy the traditional aesthetics, the wood surface color should be black, dark brown, or dark purple-brown, with colorimetric parameters in the range of 0.0 < L* < 30.0, 0.0 < b* < 6.0, and an a* value as small as possible. The evaluation indicators used for searching potential high-quality alternative tree species are not the same as those for replacing traditional fretboard materials using modified fast-growing plantation wood. The physical and mechanical properties and the surface color of traditional precious fretboard wood are important evaluation indicators for whether the modified fast-growing plantation wood can replace the traditional fretboard wood.
Association between Asian dust exposure and respiratory function in children with bronchial asthma in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Nakamura Takahiro , Nishiwaki Yuji , Hashimoto Kunio , Takeuchi Ayano , Kitajima Tasuku , Komori Kazuhiro , Tashiro Kasumi , Hasunuma Hideki , Ueda Kayo , Shimizu Atsushi , Odajima Hiroshi , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Hashizume Masahiro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Studies on the adverse effects of Asian dust (AD) on respiratory function in children are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the association between AD and respiratory function by measuring peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) in asthmatic children.

Methods
The study was carried out from March to May from 2014 through 2016. One hundred ten children with bronchial asthma were recruited from four hospitals in the Goto Islands and south Nagasaki area in Nagasaki prefecture. The parents were asked to record their children’s PEFRs every morning/evening and clinical symptoms in an asthma diary. AD was assessed from light detection and ranging data, and a linear mixed-effects model was used to estimate the effects of AD on daily PEFR. Time-stratified case-crossover analyses were performed to examine the association between AD and asthma attacks defined by reduction levels in PEFR.

Results
AD was detected on 11 days in the Goto Islands, and on 23 days in the south Nagasaki area. After adjusting for age, sex, temperature, and daily oxidants, we found a consistent association between AD and a 1.1% to 1.7% decrease in PEFR in the mornings and a 0.7% to 1.3% decrease in the evenings at a lag of 0 to 5 days. AD was not associated with the number of asthma attacks, respiratory symptoms, or other symptoms at any lag days examined.

Conclusions
Exposure to AD was associated with reduced PEFR, although the effects were not large enough to induce clinically apparent symptoms, in clinically well-controlled asthmatic children.
Hox genes reveal variations in the genomic DNA of allotetraploid hybrids derived from Carassius auratus red var. (female) × Cyprinus carpio L. (male)
Authors: Zhao Rurong , Wang Yude , Zou Li , Luo Yaxin , Tan Huifang , Yao Jiajun , Zhang Minghe , Liu Shaojun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHoxtranscription factors are master regulators of animal development. Although highly conserved, they can contribute to the formation of novel biological characteristics when modified, such as during the generation of hybrid species, thus potentially serving as species-specific molecular markers.Here, we systematically studied the evolution of genomic sequences ofHoxloci in an artificial allotetraploid lineage (4nAT, 4n = 200) derived from a red crucian carp (♀, RCC, 2n = 100) × common carp (♂, CC, 2n = 100) cross and its parents (RCC and CC).ResultsPCR amplification yielded 23 distinctHoxgene fragments from 160 clones in 4nAT, 22 fragments from 90 clones in RCC, and 19 fragments from 90 clones in CC. Sequence alignment of theHoxA3aandHoxC10agenes indicated both the inheritance and loss of paternal genomic DNA in 4nAT. TheHoxA5agene from 4nAT consisted of two subtypes from RCC and two subtypes from CC, indicating that homologous recombination occurred in the 4nAT hybrid genome. Moreover, 4nAT carried genomic pseudogenization in theHoxA10bandHoxC13aloci. Interestingly, a new type ofHoxC9agene was found in 4nAT as a hybrid sequence of CC and RCC by recombination in the intronic region.ConclusionThe results revealed the influence ofHoxgenes during polyploidization in hybrid fish. The data provided insight into the evolution of vertebrate genomes and might be benefit for artificial breeding programs.
Genome-wide analysis reveals molecular convergence underlying domestication in 7 bird and mammals
Authors: Hou Yali , Qi Furong , Bai Xue , Ren Tong , Shen Xu , Chu Qin , Zhang Xiquan , Lu Xuemei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn response to ecological niche of domestication, domesticated mammals and birds developed adaptively phenotypic homoplasy in behavior modifications like fearlessness, altered sociability, exploration and cognition, which partly or indirectly result in consequences for economic productivity. Such independent adaptations provide an excellent model to investigate molecular mechanisms and patterns of evolutionary convergence driven by artificial selection.ResultsFirst performing population genomic and brain transcriptional comparisons in 68 wild and domesticated chickens, we revealed evolutionary trajectories, genetic architectures and physiologic bases of adaptively behavioral alterations. To extensively decipher molecular convergence on behavioral changes thanks to domestication, we investigated selection signatures in hundreds of genomes and brain transcriptomes across chicken and 6 other domesticated mammals. Although no shared substitution was detected, a common enrichment of the adaptive mutations in regulatory sequences was observed, presenting significance to drive adaptations. Strong convergent pattern emerged at levels of gene, gene family, pathway and network. Genes implicated in neurotransmission, semaphorin, tectonic protein and modules regulating neuroplasticity were central focus of selection, supporting molecular repeatability of homoplastic behavior reshapes. Genes at nodal positions in trans-regulatory networks were preferably targeted. Consistent down-regulation of majority brain genes may be correlated with reduced brain size during domestication. Up-regulation of splicesome genes in chicken rather mammals highlights splicing as an efficient way to evolve since avian-specific genomic contraction of introns and intergenics. Genetic burden of domestication elicits a general hallmark. The commonly selected genes were relatively evolutionary conserved and associated with analogous neuropsychiatric disorders in human, revealing trade-off between adaption to life with human at the cost of neural changes affecting fitness in wild.ConclusionsAfter a comprehensive investigation on genomic diversity and evolutionary trajectories in chickens, we revealed basis, pattern and evolutionary significance of molecular convergence in domesticated bird and mammals, highlighted the genetic basis of a compromise on utmost adaptation to the lives with human at the cost of high risk of neurophysiological changes affecting animals’ fitness in wild.
Oral rinses in growth inhibition and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Kashyap Dharmendra , Baral Budhadev , Verma Tarun Prakash , Sonkar Charu , Chatterji Debi , Jain Ajay Kumar , Jha Hem C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well-known for its role in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Eradication of these carcinogenic bacteria from the gut is one of the challenges for clinicians. The complexity of treatment mainly owes to antibiotic resistance and relapse due to an additional reservoir in the oral cavity. Our study emphases the isolation of H. pylori from distinct habitats of the gut microenvironment (gastric biopsy and gastric juice) and its subsequent characterization. We have also evaluated the effect of various oral rinses on isolated H. pylori from different anatomical locations of included subjects.

Results
The possible strains isolated from two different habitats of the same subject shows a striking difference in their growth pattern. Promisingly, some of the included oral rinses are efficient in growth inhibition as per recommended 30 s treatment. The subsequent evaluation shows that oral rinse B (among A-E) is most effective and down-regulates the expression of one of the potent H. pylori gene, CagA, in the infected gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells.

Conclusion
Our study, for the first time, revealed that H. pylori, isolated from the different habitat of the same subject, show a different growth pattern. The expression of H. pylori pathogenic gene (CagA) was down-regulated by the use of oral rinses. Hence, oral rinses will reduce the H. pylori in the oral cavity and help to control its migration from oral to the gastric compartment and may be used as an adjuvant treatment option for its re-infection.
Identification of tissue-specific and cold-responsive lncRNAs in Medicago truncatula by high-throughput RNA sequencing
Authors: Zhao Mingui , Wang Tianzuo , Sun Tianyang , Yu Xiaoxi , Tian Rui , Zhang Wen-Hao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of plant responses to environmental stress by acting as essential regulators of gene expression. However, whether and how lncRNAs are involved in cold acclimation-dependent freezing tolerance in plants remains largely unknown. Medicago truncatula is a prominent model for studies of legume genomics, and distinguished by its cold-acclimation characteristics. To determine the roles of lncRNAs in plant cold stress response, we conducted genome-wide high-throughput sequencing in the legume model plant M. truncatula.

Results
RNA-seq data were generated from twelve samples for the four treatments, i.e., non-cold treated leaves and roots, cold-treated leaves and roots of M. truncatula Jemalong A17 seedlings. A total of 1204 million raw reads were generated. Of them, 1150 million filtered reads after quality control (QC) were subjected to downstream analysis. A large number of 24,368 unique lncRNAs were identified from the twelve samples. Among these lncRNAs, 983 and 1288 were responsive to cold treatment in the leaves and roots, respectively. We further found that the intronic-lncRNAs were most sensitive to the cold treatment. The cold-responsive lncRNAs were unevenly distributed across the eight chromosomes in M. truncatula seedlings with obvious preferences for locations. Further analyses revealed that the cold-responsive lncRNAs differed between leaves and roots. The putative target genes of the lncRNAs were predicted to mainly involve the processes of protein translation, transport, metabolism and nucleic acid transcription. Furthermore, the networks of a tandem array of CBF/DREB1 genes that were reported to be located in a major freezing tolerance QTL region on chromosome 6 and their related lncRNAs were dissected based on their gene expression and chromosome location.

Conclusions
We identified a comprehensive set of lncRNAs that were responsive to cold treatment in M. truncatula seedlings, and discovered tissue-specific cold-responsive lncRNAs in leaves and roots. We further dissected potential regulatory networks of CBF Intergenic RNA (MtCIR1) and MtCBFs that play critical roles in response and adaptation of M. truncatula to cold stress.