bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tomorrow’s mundane is today’s extraordinary: A case study of a plastered installation during Neolithization
Authors: Grosman Leore , Raz Timna , Friesem David E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor reconstructing past human ways of life we study mundane remains, but in order to detect special worldviews and behaviors we endeavor to observe the extraordinary embedded in those remains. There are many ways to define the ‘extraordinary’. Here we center on early occurrences of phenomena that later become mundane, rendering them ‘extraordinary’ through being rare compared to later frequent appearances. This study explores such extraordinary phenomena with relation to the processes of Neolithization in the Southern Levant, focusing on a round plastered installation (Feature 6) that was unearthed in the Late Natufian village of Nahal Ein Gev II (ca. 12,000 calBP). To investigate the feature’s function, we conducted a micro-geoarcheological analysis of the walls and fill to understand its use and formation processes, using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and micromorphology. Our results show that the walls were not exposed to elevated temperatures and that the interior of the installation was filled with mixed sediments. We therefore rule out the use of the feature as a cooking installation or a kiln. The interior mixed assemblage indicates secondary infilling after the feature was no longer in use for its initial purpose, thus challenging the identification of its original function. To date, there are no parallels for such lime and clay plastered installations in the Natufian culture. Yet, this type of feature becomes increasingly common with the advance of Neolithization where such features served as storage installations, integral to the farming way of life. We conclude that Feature 6 in NEG II is ‘extraordinary’ in the context of the Late Natufian, heralding the development of clay lined storage installations. We argue that this example of ‘extraordinary’ within the long process of Neolithization in the Near East helps to illuminate the gradual process of cultural innovation in which new features appear at first as extraordinary phenomena which later will become mundane.
The impact of empathy and perspective-taking instructions on proponents and opponents of immigration
Authors: Klimecki Olga M. , Vétois Matthieu , Sander David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn many societies, immigration is a conflictual topic, leading to heated exchanges between proponents and opponents of immigration. Such debates on immigration might benefit from the engagement of the discussants in empathy and perspective taking. Although empathy and perspective-taking exercises can be beneficial in some contexts, previous research shows marked differences in people with a rightist versus a leftist political orientation when it comes to their motivation to engage in empathy. The degree to which this applies to perspective taking and to the context of debates on immigration has not yet been tested. The current study, conducted in Switzerland, tested how proponents or opponents of immigration react to instructions for empathy and perspective taking in debates on immigration. The results reveal that, compared with participants in the control condition who had no instructions, proponents of immigration who received instructions were more motivated or willing to engage in empathy and perspective taking. Furthermore, proponents of immigration showed decreases in their positive and negative emotions under the perspective-taking instructions. Conversely, for opponents of immigration, perspective-taking instructions increased their perception of other’s competitiveness compared with participants in the control condition. Taken together, these results underline the importance of taking an individual’s views on immigration into account when implementing interventions for conflict resolution in immigration-related issues.
Prevalent posttraumatic stress disorder among emergency department personnel: rapid systematic review
Authors: Trudgill Diane I. N. , Gorey Kevin M. , Donnelly Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research review synthesized the evidence on the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among emergency department personnel in Canada and the USA. No previous such synthesis, specific to this crucial aspect of North American health care had previously been published. Broad keyword searches of interdisciplinary research databases, both peer-reviewed and grey, retrieved 10 surveys published between 1996 and 2019. Their outcomes were synthesized with sample-weighted, pooled analyses. The most significant review finding was that one of every five such emergency care personnel met posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic criteria; 18.6% (95% confidence interval 16.9, 20.4). However, this synthesis of generally small, nonprobability surveys with high nonparticipation rates, could only suggest that the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder is perhaps nearly two-fold greater among emergency department nurses (25.8%) than physicians (15.6%). Additionally, it seems that gender (being a woman) may play an important role in the relatively greater risk of nurses. Better controlled, more powerful probability surveys that examine the profession by gender interaction, are needed to affirm (or refute) these synthetic findings. Qualitative inquiries that tap into the key informing experiences of diverse emergency department personnel are also needed to best plan and implement their preventive and therapeutic care.
Tumor regression and resistance mechanisms upon CDK4 and RAF1 inactivation in KRAS/P53 mutant lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Esteban-Burgos Laura , Wang Haiyun , Nieto Patricia , Zheng Jie , Blanco-Aparicio Carmen , Varela Carmen , Gómez-López Gonzalo , Fernández-García Fernando , Sanclemente Manuel , Guerra Carmen , Drosten Matthias , Galán Javier , Caleiras Eduardo , Martínez-Torrecuadrada Jorge , Fajas Lluis , Peng Sheng-Bin , Santamaría David , Musteanu Monica , Barbacid Mariano 
Published: September 2020

Significance
So far, no targeted therapy has been approved for KRAS mutant tumors. We report that combined genetic inactivation of CDK4 and RAF1 in advanced KRAS/p53 mutant lung tumors leads to effective tumor regression without inducing significant toxicities. In spite of this therapeutic response, CDK4/RAF1-resistant cells appeared. We have identified and pharmacologically validated two independent resistance mechanisms involving hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes and activation of the PI3K pathway.
Origin, history, composition and processing.
Authors: Mitra Sisir , Fuentes Gabriela , Chan Arianna , Girón Amaranta , Estrella Humberto , Espadas Francisco , Talavera Carlos , Santamaria Jorge M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This chapter discusses the origin, history, composition, uses, and processing of pawpaw (C. papaya). Increasing evidence points to the fact that Mexico and Central America are the centre of origin of C. papaya. It is only in Yucatán, Mexico and some places in Central America where wild C. papaya populations can be found. The fruit of C. papaya was consumed by Mayan pre-Hispanic civilizations and they also used it for its curative properties. It appears that the Spanish brought this fruit to Asia and Europe since the 16th century. Since then, it has been grown in most tropical countries throughout the world. The importance of pawpaw has increased greatly in the last decade, and it is now the third most consumed fruit worldwide. It can be expected that this trend of increasing production and consumption of papaya will be maintained in future years, as there is increasing evidence that this fruit is not only accepted for its organoleptic properties but it also appears that its routine consumption may assist the consumer in preventing the occurrence of important diseases such as diabetes.
Production and trade.
Authors: Evans Edward A. , Ballen Fredy H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This chapter presents an overview of the world production, export, import and consumption trends of papaya (Carica papaya) in the US and European Union (EU) markets. Despite the noticeable rise in global demand for papaya, production issues, particularly Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) disease, remains a major obstacle to increase the supply of the fruit, because of the disease growth in papaya production has lagged behind other tropical fruits such as mangoes and pineapples. Although there is a niche market for organic papaya, especially in the USA, because of the severity of the PRSV disease, major scale production of organic papayas remains an elusive target. Promotion and advertising activities touting the health benefits of papayas are needed to strengthen demand for the fruit and improve prices in export markets. Countries such as Mexico and Guatemala have been responsive to opportunities in the US import papaya market, given their close proximity to the USA.
Taxonomy, botany and plant development.
Authors: Jiménez Víctor M. , Gutiérrez-Soto Marco V. , Barboza-Barquero Luis , Guevara Eric 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This chapter discusses the taxonomy, including genetic diversity, commercial importance and breeding of papaya. It also deals with botany, i.e. plant architecture and the different parts of the plant. The plant development is also described, starting from germination, seedling and juvenile growth to adult vegetative growth and reproductive development.
Biotechnology.
Authors: Kanchana-udomkan Chutchamas , Nantawan Usana , Drew Rod , Ford Rebecca 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The application of biotechnology to plant breeding includes the development of tools and knowledge to increase accuracy and efficiency for pre-breeding and selection for crop improvement that have multiple advantages over traditional technologies. This chapter provides information on the in vitro culture, genetic transformation, genome project and sequencing technology, gene identification and characterization, genetic linkage maps and identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL), and molecular markers for crop improvement of pawpaws (Carica papaya).
Nutrition and irrigation.
Authors: Mitra Sisir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This chapter discusses the cultivation of papaya considering the soil requirement, salinity and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The effects of application of nutrients such as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B and Fe, fertigation, irrigation, and the nutrition management in organic production are described. Judicious application of fertilizers to meet a balanced nutrient supply is necessary for obtaining regular and higher yield, better quality fruits and also increasing shelf life. Papaya plant water demand varies in relation to growth stage. Demand is substantially increased in trees producing new leaves, or coming into or being in flower, or having set fruit. The water requirement of plants possessing newly developing flowers is particularly high. Monitoring of water demand and application (irrigation) based on need at a particular stage, are essential to avoid crop loss. Flower drop, or drop of recently set fruits are often manifestations of poor soil water content. Use of fertigation based on nutrient needs at a specific stage and water demand is considered as the best option to supply both nutrients (especially N and K) and water. Foliar spraying of micronutrients and soil application of P are required to meet the requirements of the plant.
Leakage characteristics of a sealing structure with damage holes based on super-resolution infrared thermography technology
Authors: Wang S , Yao XF , GW Wang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, leakage characteristics of a sealing structure with damage holes are measured, combining super-resolution algorithms with infrared thermography technology. First, leakage tests of a sealing structure with a single-hole and double-hole are conducted, and some original infrared images are operated to locate the leakage position and calculate the leakage rate. Second, different types of super-resolution algorithms are introduced to generate different high-resolution (HR) infrared images. Finally, the results of the leakage location and leakage rate measured by different HR infrared images of different super-resolution algorithms are compared and discussed, revealing that the machine learning algorithm has the best overall performance. The super-resolution algorithm reduces the measurement error of the leakage rate by 40% and improves the sensitivity of the positioning test by five to ten times. The result indicates that super-resolution infrared thermography is of significant help in ensuring the accuracy of the multiple-hole leakage test.
Performance comparison of particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) with long-exposure particle streaks
Authors: Qureshi Mumtaz Hussain , Tien Wei-Hsin , Lin Yi-Jiun Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) are popular experimental methods to quantitatively measure flow fields. In many practical applications, hardware limitations result in longer exposure times, causing particle images to elongate into particle streak images. In this study, the performances of PTV and PIV in relation to particle streak images are evaluated systematically by means of both synthetic and experimental images. For the synthetic images, particle streak images are created via the integration over time of the standard Gaussian approximation of particle images, plus the effects of exposure time, and parameters such as particle image diameter, intensity, and density were investigated in terms of the velocity fields of a 1D uniform flow and the rotational 2D Hill’s vortex. The results show that PTV performs well for short exposure times, and its peak-finding criteria can be verified for nondimensional exposure times

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up to 10. As the

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increases from 10 to 70, the reliability of the PTV algorithm drops significantly, while the yield drops only slightly. Longer exposure times cause an increase in the number of RMS displacement errors; the PTV algorithm is more likely to fail when particle diameter, image intensity and particle density are larger. The displacement error of PTV RMS ranges from 0.064 pixels to 0.157 pixels. In comparison to PTV, PIV is more robust in relation to streak images with long-exposure times, and not sensitive to the effects of particle image diameter and intensity. The RMS dispersion errors for PIV range from 0.015 pixels to 0.316 pixels. A comparison of the RMS displacement errors exhibited by PIV and PTV shows that where the seeding of particles is not an issue, PIV is more robust, and can handle long-exposure streak images. The results of experimental streak images show that PIV produces lower RMS dispersion error values at low Reynolds numbers, whereas it produces more significant errors for high Reynolds numbers. At regions of low seeding density, PTV can resolve local fluid motions with superior accuracy, but it is vulnerable to high exposure time. Based on these results, where a longer exposure time is a requirement for an application, the use of PIV is recommended, by virtue of its robustness to image streaking, provided that a good seeding and high particle image density are available. For applications such as some microscale flows or flows with separation or recirculation regions, PTV is more capable of fulfilling their requirements.
Influence of crystallization temperature on fluorescence of n-diamond quantum dots
Authors: Ma Xuanxuan , Liu Xiaoyu , Li Yuanyuan , Xi Xiaonan , Yao Qianqin , Fan Jiyang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Nanodiamonds are popular biological labels because of their superior mechanical and optical properties. Their surfaces bridging the core and surrounding medium play a key role in determining their bio-linkage and photophysical properties. n-diamond is a mysterious carbon allotrope whose crystal structure remains debated. We study the influence of the crystallization temperature on the fluorescence properties of the colloidal n-diamond quantum dots (n-DQDs) with sizes of several nanometers. They exhibit multiband fluorescence across the whole visible region which depends sensitively on the crystallization temperature. Their surfaces turn from hydrophobic ones rich of sp2-bonded carbon into hydrophilic ones rich of carboxyl derivatives and hydroxyl groups as the crystallization temperature increases. The different surface states correlated with the surface structures account for the distinct fluorescence properties of the n-DQDs crystallized at different temperatures. These high-purity ultrasmall n-DQDs with tunable surface chemistry and fluorescence properties are promising multicolor biomarkers and lighting sources.
Motorcycling performance and sleepiness during an extended ride on a dynamic simulator: relationship with stress biomarkers
Authors: Bougard C , VanBeers P , Sauvet F , Drogou C , Guillard M , Dorey R , Gomez-Merino D , Dauguet J , Takillah S , Espié S , Chennaoui M , Léger D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective: Powered two-wheelers (PTW) make up a large proportion of fatal accidents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of time-of-day and total sleep deprivation (SD) on simulated motorcycling performance during extended riding sessions (60 min), while evaluating stress mechanisms. Approach: A total of 16 healthy males participated in four simulated motorcycling sessions at 07:00, 11:00, 15:00 and 19:00, including city (8 min), country (2 min) and highway pathways (40 min), after a normal night of sleep and after total SD (30 h), in a randomized counterbalanced order. The recorded motorcycle parameters included: variation of lateral position, number of inappropriate line crossings (ILC), falls, riding errors, speed and speed limit violations. Subject parameters included the number of microsleeps in each pathway, the number of lapses during the 3-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT—Brief version), and the Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS) score. Saliva samples were used to assess cortisol (sC), α-amylase (sAA), and chromogranin-A (sCgA). ANOVAs and Pearson’s correlation analysis were performed between these variables. Main results: Most parameters were influenced by an interaction effect between ‘Motorcycling pathways’ × ‘SD’ (speed (p < 0.05), legal speed violations (p < 0.01), variation of lateral position (p < 0.001), falls (p < 0.001), EEG-microsleeps (p < 005)). An interaction effect between ‘SD’ × ‘Time-of-day’ influenced the number of ILCs (p < 0.01), sC (p < 0.05) and sCgA (p < 0.05) levels. SD affected KSS scores (p < 0.001) and PVT lapses (p < 0.05). The highest disturbances were associated with highway motorcycling simulation. Significance: Sleepiness due to circadian or SD and fatigue effects significantly affect riding and increase the risks involved with PTWs. The activation of both stress systems seems not sufficient to alleviate these deleterious effects
A Newman Penrose approach to Bertrand spacetime in general relativity
Authors: Jeevitha T U , Raibagkar Pranav , Das Sanjit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Newman Penrose (NP) formalism is a new approach to general relativity was presented. In various geometrical groups are estimate on a chosen null tetrad basis for tetrad formalism. This approach widely used in analytical and numerical studies of Einstein’s equations. The reasonable utilization of explicit complex straight emulsions of Ricci rotation coefficients which present, in the product, the spinor relative association. And we construct a null tetrad for general case and special attension for Bertrand’s space-time type-1 metric for special case k=0.
Effect of quercetin on micellization behaviour of Tween-20 in hydro-ethanolic solvent system: An electrolyte induced thermodynamic study
Authors: Abbot Vikrant , Sharma Poonam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The thermodynamic studies for non-ionic surfactant Tween-20 has been performed in presence of a well known flavonoid quercetin. The conductivity studies have been carried out with different concentrations of quercetin in 30% v/v ethanolic solution at five different temperatures (20 °C to 40 °C with difference of 5 °C). Since Tween-20 is non-ionic in nature, 1% w/v sodium chloride solution has been added as an electrolyte. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) and XCMC values as a function of temperature have been determined from conductance studies. Furthermore, various thermodynamic parameters viz. change in enthalpy (ΔH°m), entropy (ΔS°m) and Gibb’s free energy (ΔG°m) of micellization have been calculated. Overall, the changes in micellization process of Tween-20 in presence of quercetin has been studied and reported.
MnSb ferromagentic films synthesized by vacuum thermal evaporation
Authors: Marenkin S , Ril A , Rabinovich O , Fedorchenko I , Didenko S , Sizov S , Osipov Yu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
By the original method, using the sequential high-purity Mn and Sb metals evaporation, followed by annealing under high vacuum conditions, MnSb semiconductor films were synthesized. It is shown that the high chemical activity of nanostructured Mn and Sb films significantly reduces the manganese antimonide evaporation temperature. Films are p- type and have a high charge carriers mobility.
AlGaP LEDs optimization
Authors: Rabinovich O , Sizov S , Orlova M , Didenko S , Osipov Yu , Podgornaya S , Panichkin A , Konovalov M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
LED parameters trends, depending doping & temperatures were investigated by simulation. Working area in heterostructure can be presented as a sum of “NanoLEDs”. in Simulation and experimental results correlation is achieved. The optimum AlGaP working area consists of 5 QW. In the central QW there is a maximum radiation; edge QWs - “barriers” which supply electrons/holes into the working area.
Antibacterial activity of antimicrobial peptide-conjugated nanofibrous membranes
Authors: Onak Günnur , Ercan Utku Kürşat , Karaman Ozan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as novel potential alternatives to antibiotics against increasing number of multi drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Although AMPs have shown strong antimicrobial activity against gram-negative or gram-positive microorganisms, AMP conjugated biomaterials that are effective against MDR microorganisms are yet to be developed. Herein, the potential use of (RWRWRWRW)-NH2 (AMP-1) and KRFRIRVRV-NH2 (AMP-2) peptide conjugated electrospun polylactic–co-glycolic-acid (PLGA) nanofibers (NFs) fabricated and their antimicrobial effect by themselves and in their dual combination (1:1) were evaluated on P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Those AMP conjugated NFs did not inhibit proliferation of keratinocytes. These results suggest that AMP conjugated NF, which has multiple biological activities, would be a promising candidate as a wound dressing material.
Coalescence, deformation and Bäcklund symmetries of Painlevé IV and II equations
Authors: Alves V C C , Aratyn H , Gomes J F , Zimerman A H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We extend Painlevé IV model by adding quadratic terms to its Hamiltonian obtaining two classes of models (coalescence and deformation) that interpolate between Painlevé IV and II equations for special limits of the underlying parameters. We derive the underlying Bäcklund transformations, symmetry structure and requirements to satisfy Painlevé property.