bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of Efflux Pump Genes is an Alternative Mechanism in Voriconazole Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus isolates Without Relative Mutations in CYP5A
Authors: Moazeni Maryam , Aslani Narges , Nabili Mojtaba , Badali Hamid 
Published: November 2019

Background:
The overexpression of the efflux transporter genes is one of the important
mechanisms of resistance in fungal pathogens such as Candida and Aspergillus species.

Objective:
Here, the expression alterations of drug efflux transporter genes were evaluated in non-
Cyp51A voriconazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus isolates.

Methods:
Six A. fumigatus isolates including four voriconazole-resistant isolates with and without
azole-resistance-related mutations in addition to two susceptible A. fumigatus isolates were selected
from 300 previously characterized A. fumigatus clinical and environmental isolates, received
during 2013-2015. In order to extract RNA, the minimum inhibitory concentrations
(MICs) for the isolates were determined according to the broth microdilution protocol regarding
the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document M38-A2 (CLSI, 2008). Alteration in the
expression of AfuMDR1, AfuMDR2, AfuMDR3, AfuMDR4, Cyp51A, and atrF was studied using
the real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.

Results:
Based on REST® output, significant overexpression of atrF, AfuMDR1, AfuMDR3, and
AfuMDR4/Cyp51A, atrF, AfuMDR2, AfuMDR4 genes was observed in the isolates without azoleresistance-
related mutations, respectively. No significant overexpression was seen in the isolates
with T34/L98H except for the AfuMDR3 and AfuMDR4(P<0.05).

Conclusion:
Our results support the hypothesis that efflux pump transporters can contribute to
voriconazole resistance in A. fumigatus.
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIATION OF HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE AND TWEEN 80 CONCENTRATIONS ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL STABILITIES GEL OF WATER DRY EXTRACT OF TEMULAWAK
Authors: PAWESTRI SEKAR AYU , SAIFULLAH SULAIMAN TEUKU NANDA 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Water extract of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb.) contains curcumin, which known has antibacterial, antiinflammation, and antifungal activity so that it has potential used as wound healing. The purpose of this study was formulating gel of water extract of temulawak made by variation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and tween 80 concentrations and investigating the influence of formulations on physical characteristics and physical stabilities gel.
Methods: Gel was made by variation of HPMC and tween 80 concentrations (3,00%: 1,00%; 5,00%: 1,00%; 3,00%: 2,00%; 5,00%; 2,00%). Gel preparations was evaluated the physical characeristics by organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and stability. The physical properties were analyzed by software Design Expert 9.
Results: The results showed that HPMC has dominant influenced on viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. HPMC and tween 80 have not influence on organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH of the gel. Optimum formula is HPMC 5,00% and tween 80 1,00%. Optimum formula is stable on organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and adhesiveness; however spreadability of gel is not stable during 3 mo storage.
Conclusion: Variation of HPMC and tween 80 concentrations influenced viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness, while they were not influenced on organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH of gel. HPMC had dominant influenced on viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness gel.
Гипотеза Римана как чётность биномиальных коэффициентов
Authors: Матиясевич Юрий Владимирович 
Published: November 2019

Гипотеза Римана имеет много эквивалентныхпереформулировок. Часть из них является арифметическими,то есть утверждениями о свойствах целых или натуральных чисел.Простейшую логическую структуру имеют переформулировки изкласса $\Pi_1^0$ арифметической иерархии, имеющие вид ``для любых$x_1,\dots,x_m$ имеет место $A(x_1,\dots,x_m)$'',где $A$ -- алгоритмически проверяемое отношение.Примером может служить переформулировка гипотезы Римана ввиде утверждения о том,что некоторое диофантово уравнение не имеет решений(такое конкретное уравнение может быть явно указано).Хотя логическая структура такой переформулировки очень проста,известные способы построения такого диофантова уравненияприводят к уравнениям, требующим для своей записи нескольких страниц.С другой стороны, известны весьма краткие по записипереформулировки, также принадлежащие классу $\Pi_1^0$.Примерами могут служить три критерия справедливости гипотезыРимана, которые предложили Ж.-Л.\,Николас,Г.\,Робин, и Дж.\,Лагариас. Недостатком этихпереформулировок (по сравнениюс диофантовым уравнением) является использование более ``сложных''констант и функций, чем натуральные числа и сложение и умножение,достаточные для построения диофантова уравнения.В работе приводится система из 9 условий, налагаемых на 9переменных. Для формулировки этих условий используются толькосложение, умножение, возведение в степень (унарное,с фиксированным основанием~2), функция ``остаток от деления'',неравенства, сравнения по модулю и биномиальный коэффициент.Вся система может быть явно выписана на одной странице.Доказано, что построеная система условий несовместна в том и только том случае,когда гипотеза Римана верна.
Measuring with Exogenous Data (MED), and Government Economic Monitoring (GEM)
Authors: Brown-Liburd Helen , Cheong Arion , Vasarhelyi Miklos A. , Wang Xinxin 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The emergence of enormous disparate data sources, available in a multitude of alternate formats, and on very different devices, is leading to a business process revolution. This paper argues for a new approach in which these technologies are used to replace outdated blanket government intervention programs. Highly targeted interventions for social programs identified and addressed by Big Data-based methodologies would replace outdated government programs. This approach advocates for original detective methodologies, direct government action, and outcome monitoring all of which utilize Big Data-based frequent examination. The government would be in a privileged situation where it could obtain data not available to most other parties due to privacy laws. The data structures of the government would be protected by encryption and blockchain privacy-protection methodologies that would only reveal targeted outcomes to the direct-action agent. These same methodologies are applicable for business measurement (accounting) and assurance (audit).
Aspects of vineyard vegetation in Northeastern Italy and eastern neighbouring territories: Cerastio tenoreani-Geranietum dissecti and Mercurialetum annuae as archaic, disappearing coenosis
Authors: Poldini Livio , Tasinazzo Stefano 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent original data concerning vineyard spring vegetation from Veneto hilly belt (North-eastern Italy) highlighted once again the phytogeographic originality of south-eastern territories with respect to Central European ones, also in anthropogenic coenosis. New relevés suggested to restate the association Cerastio tenoreani-Geranietum dissecti as vicarious vegetation of Geranio rotundifolii-Allietum vinealis occurring on the north side of the Alps. The comparison of autumn material from terracing vineyards of the sandy-marly Eocene flysch around Trieste coast with similar European relevés enabled to reject the not validly described Anagallido-Mercurialetum and to replace it with Mercurialetum annuae. In modern winegrowing Cerastio-Geranietum and Mercurialetum annuae are vanishing due to changing of agronomic schemes, as some relevés reported in the text document.
Evaluation of direct metagenomics and target enriched approaches for high-throughput sequencing of field rabies viruses
Authors: Orłowska Anna , Iwan Ewelina , Smreczak Marcin , Rola Jerzy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) identifies random viral fragments in environmental samples metagenomically. High reliability gains it broad application in virus evolution, host-virus interaction, and pathogenicity studies. Deep sequencing of field samples with content of host genetic material and bacteria often produces insufficient data for metagenomics and must be preceded by target enrichment. The main goal of the study was the evaluation of HTS for complete genome sequencing of field-case rabies viruses (RABVs).

Material and Methods
The material was 23 RABVs isolated mainly from red foxes and one European bat lyssavirus-1 isolate propagated in neuroblastoma cells. Three methods of RNA isolation were tested for the direct metagenomics and RABV-enriched approaches. Deep sequencing was performed with a MiSeq sequencer (Illumina) and reagent v3 kit. Bioinformatics data were evaluated by Kraken and Centrifuge software and de novo assembly was done with metaSPAdes.

Results
Testing RNA extraction procedures revealed the deep sequencing scope superiority of the combined TRIzol/column method. This HTS methodology made it possible to obtain complete genomes of all the RABV isolates collected in the field. Significantly greater rates of RABV genome coverages (over 5,900) were obtained with RABV enrichment. Direct metagenomic studies sequenced the full length of 6 out of 16 RABV isolates with a medium coverage between 1 and 71.

Conclusion
Direct metagenomics gives the most realistic illustration of the field sample microbiome, but with low coverage. For deep characterisation of viruses, e.g. for spatial and temporal phylogeography during outbreaks, target enrichment is recommended as it covers sequences much more completely.
Renal-cell carcinoma – novel concepts of classification
Authors: Pyda-Karwicka Maria , Karwicka Malwina , Orłowska Magdalena , Krata Mariusz , Pedrycz Agnieszka 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Renal cancer, according to the Polish National Cancer Registry, was the cause of 4% of cancer cases in men and 3% of cases in women in 2010. Most often it affects men over 65, although it may also concern infants. In 2010, the number of reported cases for men was 2,700 and 1,900 for women. For the last three decades – up to 1990, the incidence of kidney cancer has increased significantly. Currently, it remains at the stable level of morbidity. One of the most significant issues of modern diagnostics and treatment of renal cancer is the problem of its heterogeneity brin-ging many difficulties in systematization and categorization of this neoplasm. The World Health Organization Classification of Renal Tumors has been published in 2004 and is currently supplemented with new classification units, which, according to ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology), should be considered as separate groups of kidney epithelial cancers.
The impact of carbohydrate intake on the behavior and cognitive functions of children and adolescents
Authors: Wasyluk Weronika , Zdunek Gabriela , Pedrycz Agnieszka 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction. Although carbohydrates are the most commonly studied nutrients regarding their influence on cognitive functions, there is no unequivocal agreement on whether this influence really exists and what its manifestations are.

Aim. This study is a literature review of research on the association between sugar intake, behavior and cognitive functions in children population.

Material and methods. The analysis of the studies on the carbohydrate intake and its impact on behavior and cognitive functions of children and adolescents on the basis of MEDLINE database was conducted. The studies were found in PubMed Internet search engine. The following words were implemented in various combinations: “sugar”, “carbohydrate”, “glycemic index”, “GI”, “glucose” as well as “cognition”, “cognitive”, “learning”, “memory”, “attention”, “behavior”, “hyperactivity”. The number of 27 publications was chosen and the information they contained was analyzed.

Results. Despite multiple studies on the impact of carbohydrate intake and their glycemic index on cognitive functions, there is still no agreement on this issue. Multiple studies indicate the association between glycemic index and cognitive processes. The positive impact of low GI breakfast intake on the concentration and memory is relatively frequently emphasized. The concept that indicates the association between sugar intake and hyperactive behavior among children also has not been unequivocally confirmed in the analyzed studies – contrarily – some of them indicated lack of such relationship. The placebo effect may be the explanation for the above concept. The association between the number of carbohydrates in diet and sleep disorders also has not been proved.

Conclusions. Although there are no unequivocal scientific foundations to limit the intake of simple sugars and consume polysaccharides with low GI to improve behavior and cognitive functions, such actions are consistent with a healthy diet and should be recommended for children and adolescents.
Implementation of the Smart City Technology for Environmental Protection Management of Cities: The Experience of Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors: Turgel Irina , Bozhko Larissa , Ulyanova Elizaveta , Khabdullin Asset 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Approaches to the organization of management of environmental protection within the framework of introduction of Smart City technologies are reviewed in this article. For this purpose, a retrospective analysis of transformation of the Smart City notion has been carried out and basic characteristics of a modern smart city interpretation have been distinguished: the use of information technology in all functional areas of the city ecosystem, active involvement of residents in the processes of city management through organization of a system of user services, commitment to sustainable development of a city to the benefit of future generations. In the research process the key factors of the environment pollution in cities were reviewed having identified systemic challenges in the environmental field, which can be solved by introduction of the Smart City technology. For each environmental factor promising technologies of the Smart City system and effects that may be reached by means of their introduction are provided. Analysis of the existing technological solutions of the Smart City made it possible to identify the complex nature of environmental problems of cities, the solution of which requires introduction of smart technologies in all the spheres of functioning of the city. In the practical part of the article smart city’s technology development and implementation experience is presented, aimed at environmental protection in the cities of Russia and Kazakhstan. The empirical basis of the analysis is constituted by the results of the studies carried out within the framework of the research work “Enhancement of the State Regulation Policy of Accelerated Clustering of the Industrial Regions” implemented on the grounds of the grant funding of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Biogas Production from Cerathophyllum demersum, Fucus vesiculosus and Ulva intestinalis in Latvian Conditions
Authors: Pastare Laura , Romagnoli Francesco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Life cycle costs of co-digestion plant of cattle farm manure and locally available freshwater macrophyte C. demersum, marine brown algae F. vesiculosus, and marine green algae U. intestinalis; ratio 5:1) are analysed based on Latvian climatic and economic conditions. Biomass collection from nature and pre-treatment of biomass, biogas production, biogas treatment and utilization in combined heat and power plant are included in the boundaries. The weak points of scenarios are large capital investments, electricity sale price (and the application of feed-in tariff). As naturally grown algae and macrophytes are used, they are also sensitive to weather conditions each year as available amounts of biomass might change and decrease. Net Present Value is positive only for C. demersum with Internal Rate of Return of –14 % and Discounted Payback Period of 11 years.
Life Cycle Assessment of Different Low-Temperature District Heating Development Scenarios: A Case Study of Municipality in Latvia
Authors: Feofilovs Maksims , Pakere Ieva , Romagnoli Francesco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sustainable heating solutions involving renewable energy sources and low supply/return temperatures for district heating are evolving. Low temperature use in district heating allows reducing the heating operation costs significantly and at the same time holding the sustainability criteria. However, an in-depth study on environmental impacts during the life cycle of low temperature district heating was not conducted until now. Thus, this study aims to find the best development scenarios for development of local low temperature district heating. For this purpose, a methodology adopts life cycle analysis approach that allows assessing the environmental impacts according to a variety of environmental performance criterions. The results of the study showed an improvement in the overall environmental performance towards the transition of a conventional 3rd generation district heating to low temperature concept including the effects of reconstruction and modernization of the boiler house. A set of potential development is proposed. Specifically, the scenario implementing low temperature district heating with solar PV showed the best score for environmental performance. The scenario with implementation of low temperature district heating without solar PV did not show significant improvement in environmental performance under operation conditions of a pilot case study.
Why Biopolymer Packaging Materials are Better
Authors: Silva Nadeeshika , Blumberga Dagnija 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The upcoming packaging material trend is bio-polymeric materials since it has shown tremendous potential in practical scenarios. Even though there have been experiments performed regarding material developments, there is still no confirmation about how uncertain the developments will be. A few statistical approaches were carried out in this work to identify the role of biopolymers as a packaging material based on their thermo-mechanical and physical properties and potential compared to other packaging materials. To determine the potential of biopolymer, it is compared with other package materials currently in demand. There are three main steps in the research. The first stage is an analysis of selected different packaging materials based on Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique. The material properties are analysed through the criteria of TOPSIS analysis. The ideal and negative ideal alternatives have been identified. Biopolymers have an outcome as the final best alternative among others. To confirm the TOPSIS results and its uncertainties, a sensitivity analysis is performed. This sensitivity analysis was performed in two phases. The first step is a regression analysis of the weighted parameters and input variables of the TOPSIS scheme. The second step is the variation of weights in a unitary variation ratio to identify the order of the TOPSIS results at each variation. Finally, all the results have concluded that the research intention has been fulfilled by performing TOPSIS and the sensitivity analysis has also confirmed this decision.
PERBEDAAN KEMANDIRIAN REMAJA SMA ANTARA YANG SINGLE FATHER DENGAN SINGLE MOTHER AKIBAT PERCERAIAN
Authors: Suwinita I Gusti Ayu Mirah , Marheni Adijanti 
Published: November 2019

Structure of the family is one of the factors that builds the independence of adolescents. Nowadays, it is uncommon to find families that are not united due to divorcement. The condition where families are no longer united (single parent) will affect the independence of adolescents. Independence of adolescence is the ability to organize behavior and decision without being dependent on parents (Steinberg, 2002). The purpose of this research is to see the difference of independence between senior high school adolescents with single mother and adolescents with single father due to divorcement. A total of 64 senior high school adolescents in Bali in aged 15-18 years who have single parents due to divorcement were included as subjects in this quantitative research, with comparison approach. The sampling technique that was used in this research was cluster sampling. Measuring instrument used in this research was Independence Scale (34 item, rxx=0.889). The statistical technique used to process the data of this study is a parametric test of independent t-test. Based on the outcome of this research, it appears that there is no significant difference between the independence of senior high school adolescents with a single father nor single mother due to divorcement (t=1.212) with p equal to 0,230 (p>0,05). Keyword: Autonomy of Adolescence, single father, single mother.
Population Health Management during Student Pharmacist Introductory Experiential Education to Expand Clinical Pharmacist Impact
Authors: McConnell Macy , Mobley Dan , Gidal Alexander , Nagy Michael 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To evaluate the impact of incorporating pre-advanced pharmacy practice experience (pre-APPE) student pharmacists into three different population health management (PHM) projects.
Methods: The prospective quality improvement projects incorporated three third-year student pharmacists who developed and conducted individual PHM projects over the course of three to seven months. The projects included hypoglycemia screening, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus screening, and statin use evaluations for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Under the guidance of a clinical pharmacist, students developed project materials, conducted patient chart reviews, and contacted patients to make interventions such as recommendations for therapy, ambulatory patient monitoring, patient education, and arranging provider follow-up. Student impact was evaluated through the number of patients screened, the number of eligible patients contacted, and the total number of interventions or recommendations made. Student time spent was tracked throughout the projects.
Results: Out of 244 patients screened, 198 patients met inclusion criteria and 162 patients were contacted or assessed by a student pharmacist. Students made a total of 319 interventions, including patient education (132), patient monitoring (132), pharmacotherapy recommendations (28), and arranging follow-up (27). On average students screened 33 patients per month, and, per patient, required 8.6 minutes for eligibility assessment and approximately 6 minutes for telephone interviews.
Conclusion: This report demonstrates that pre-APPE student pharmacists are well-equipped to design and implement PHM projects. Utilization of student pharmacists in similar PHM programs can expand the pharmacist’s impact on patient care in the ambulatory care setting.

Article Type: Original Research