bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced- Intrusion Detection Technique (AIDT) for Secure Communication among Devices in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
Authors: M Ramya , Sudhakaran Pradeep , sivagnanam Yuvaraj , C SanthanaKrishnan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Patient care and healthcare operations have been significantly improved by the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in medical applications. Understanding the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) enables healthcare professionals to use remote diagnostics and real-time patient monitoring to provide treatment and save many lives. However, security and privacy have been issues since IoMT devices are vulnerable to hackers. IoMT devices don't have enough memory or processing power to set up security features. One of the primary issues with the current system is the leaking of personal and private information (IoMT). Considering the aforementioned, this study suggests an Advanced Intrusion Detection Technology (AIDT) to guarantee safe data exchange amongst IoMT devices. The model uses a probabilistic neural network (PNN) to classify whether intrusions are present or not, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for feature extraction.By employing the integrated patient sensing and network traffic datasets, our research achieves a superior accuracy rate of 96.4% in network intrusion detection compared to the competing algorithms. Furthermore, we incorporated a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of different classification algorithms in IoMT network intrusion detection, further supporting the claim that the proposed framework performs marginally better than alternative models.
In situ growth of three-dimensional walnut-like nanostructures of W-Ni2P@NiFe LDH/NF as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for water decomposition
Authors: Gao Yu , Sun Xin , Mersal Gaber , Alhadhrami A , Ibrahim Mohamed , Hou Yulong , Liu Wenhui , Bildan Denise , Algadi Hassan , Liu Terence 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The design of novel composite nanomaterial structures is important for the construction of advanced electrocatalysts. Nevertheless, obtaining novel electrocatalysts with excellent catalytic activity and stability is still challenging. Herein, new catalysts with a unique nanostructure of W-Ni2P@NiFe LDH/NF composed of W-doped Ni2P ultrafine nanosheets were successfully grown in situ using NiFe LDH nanostructures as the backbone support. The newly produced catalysts showed distinctive three-dimensional spherical nanostructure, beneficial to enhancing electron transport, providing abundant active sites, and promoting gas release. To increase the catalytic effectiveness, a synergy interaction was produced among W-Ni2P with NiFe LDH to yield significantly improved stability and reactivity electrocatalysts. Compared to NiFe LDH/NF and W-Ni2P/NF, the as-obtained spherically-structured W-Ni2P@NiFe LDH/NF catalysts demonstrated high catalytic efficiencies toward OER (222 mV @ 40 mA cm-2), HER (195 mV @ 10 mA cm-2), and total electrolysis (1.7 V @ 10 mA cm-2). Besides, the catalytic activities of W--1@NiFe LDH/NF electrocatalysts compared well to most published non-precious metal catalysts and even valuable precious metal catalysts. In sum, the proposed approach to construct inexpensive, high-activity, and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts looks promising for advanced future hydrogen energy conversion applications.
Development and validation of a neurosurgical phantom for simulating external ventricular drain placement
Authors: Doormaal Jesse A.M. van , Fick Tim , Boskovic Ernest , Hoving Eelco W. , Robe Pierre A.J.T. , Doormaal Tristan P.C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
This study aimed to develop and validate a cost-effective, customizable patient-specific phantom for simulating external ventricular drain placement, combining image segmentation, 3-D printing and molding techniques.
Methods
Two variations of the phantom were created based on patient MRI data, integrating a realistic skin layer with anatomical landmarks, a 3-D printed skull, an agarose polysaccharide gel brain, and a ventricular cavity. To validate the phantom, 15 neurosurgeons, residents, and physician assistants performed 30 EVD placements. The effectiveness of the phantom as a training tool was assessed through a standardized user experience questionnaire, which evaluated the physical attributes, realism, and overall satisfaction. The mechanical properties of the phantom brain were quantified by measuring catheter insertion forces using a linear force tester to compare them to those experienced in real brain tissue.
Results
The study participants successfully completed EVD placements with a 76.7% optimal placement rate, which aligns with rates observed in clinical practice. Feedback highlighted the anatomical accuracy of the phantom and its value in enhancing surgical skills, though it also identified areas for improvement, particularly in the realism of the skin layer. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the insertion forces required were comparable to those encountered in actual brain tissue.
Conclusions
The developed phantom offers a realistic, low-cost, and adaptable model for EVD simulation. This tool is particularly beneficial for both training and research, with future enhancements planned to improve the realism of the skin and incorporate more anatomical features to increase the fidelity of the simulation.
Development of edible coating incorporating cherry stem powder or leek powder to decrease oil uptake and lipid oxidation in potatoes during air, oven, and deep oil frying methods
Authors: Yazıcıoğlu Nalan , MERT Imran , ÖZMEN Tuğba , ÖZTÜRK Şevval , SARITAŞ Esra , ÖZER Ramazan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study aims to compare the effects of various coating materials, including cherry stem powder (C) or leek powder (L) , aloe vera (A) or glycerol (G) on the quality parameters of potatoes during different frying methods (air frying, conventional oven frying, and deep-oil frying), considering factors such as moisture content, texture, oil uptake, frying loss, color, total phenolic content (TPC), lipid oxidation, and sensory analysis. The moisture content of air fried CG was higher compared to oven frying and deep oil frying. The air frying yields a firmer texture for LG and LA compared to deep oil frying of these samples. Additionally, uncoated potatoes exhibit greater hardness than CG, CA, and LA samples when oven fried. Frying method had no notable impact on surface oil; coated samples absorbed less oil than uncoated ones, notably in air frying. Incorporating cherry stem powder into coatings significantly increased the phenolic content to 228.63±0.106 mg GAE/100 g, surpassing that of samples containing leek powder and the control, which measured at 190.76±1.98 mg GAE/100 g. Coatings with elevated levels of TPC (CA, CG) decreased secondary oxidation in fried potato to 1.275±0.021 mg MDA/kg, which was 18.5% lower than the control. Cherry stem powder-added samples, when air fried, showed promise in reducing oil uptake and lipid oxidation.
Global, regional, and national burden of anxiety disorders during the perimenopause (1990– 2021) and projections to 2035
Authors: Zhang Ying , Hu Ting-Ting , Cheng Yong-Ran , Su Jun , Zhang Zhi-Fen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Perimenopause is associated with an increased risk of anxiety disorders, largely due to hormonal changes affecting the body's regulatory feedback mechanisms. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of anxiety disorders among perimenopausal women.
Methods:Data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database were utilized to assessdisability-adjusted life years associated with anxiety disorders linked to perimenopause. We calculated trends using the estimated average percent change, and future projections were made using the Bayesian age–period–cohort model to estimate disability-adjusted life year trends for anxiety disorders from 2022 to 2035.
Results: Between 1990 and 2021, the global age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate for anxiety disorders among perimenopausal women increased from 625.51 (95% uncertainty interval: 429.1–891.09) to 677.15 (95% uncertainty interval: 469.45–952.72), indicating a rising trend with an estimated average percent change of 0.081 (95% confidence interval: 0.0043–0.143). Regional differences were noted, with anxiety disorder burdens varying across areas with different sociodemographic index levels. Projections suggest that by 2035, the global burden of anxiety disorders in perimenopausal women will rise to 1,180.43 per 100,000, a 40.67% increase compared with 2021 levels.
Conclusion: The burden of anxiety disorders during perimenopause is a growing global concern, with a significant increase anticipated in the coming years, particularly among younger populations. Targeted prevention and intervention strategies are urgently needed to mitigate this rising burden and improve mental health outcomesduring perimenopause.
Catalytic region mimetics in Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 4 suppress Guanylate Cyclase 2C activity to regulate enterotoxin triggered diarrhea
Authors: Ramananda Yashaswini , Liyanage Pramodha , Huang Yunjie , Porollo Alexey , Hannig Gerhard , Naren Anjaparavanda P , Arora Kavisha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Guanylate cyclase 2C (GCC), a receptor for bacterial heat-stable enterotoxin ST on the apical intestinal epithelium, generates cGMP and causes excessive intestinal secretion leading to diarrhea upon activation. This study reports that the C-terminal PSD95, Dlg1, ZO-1 (PDZ) domain interacting motif in GCC interacts with scaffolding proteins sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF)1–4. NHERF4 binding inhibits GCC catalytic activity, unlike NHERF1, 2, and 3. The inhibition of GCC activity was mimicked by two synergistically acting NHERF4 peptides (N4-110 [NH2-LERPRFCLL-COOH] and N4-195 [NH2-RHAHDVARAQLG-COOH]), peptides with high sequence homology to the GCC catalytic domain. In native NHERF4, these peptides are in close spatial proximity to each other within the PDZ domain. Based on 3-D guanylate cyclase domain modeling, the binding sites for N4-110 and N4-195 were both mapped to the GCC dimer interface. FRET analysis confirmed that NHERF4 PDZ1 domain binding interferes with GCC oligomerization. Studies in murine and human enteroid models showed that NHERF4 binding and inhibition of GCC activity are enhanced by excessive GCC activation following ST stimulation. This suggests NHERF4 inhibits unregulated GCC activity in diarrhea. Overall, our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of GCC, offering insights for developing new therapies for enterotoxin-triggered diarrheas.
An Exploratory Study on Domain Knowledge Infusion in Deep Learning for Automated Threat Defense
Authors: Khanzadeh Suren , Neto Euclides Carlos Pinto , Iqbal Shahrear , Alalfi Manar , Buffett Scott 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The wide adoption of interconnected services leads to the creation of supportive solutions and business opportunities. Conversely, this new paradigm is targeted by malicious activities, aiming to compromise systems' confidentiality, integrity, and availability. However, advanced methods lack contextual awareness, which prevents their deployment to real-world systems. Considering that the process of making informed decisions stems from the expertise of analysts based on their experience, the use of cybersecurity domain knowledge has the potential to improve Deep Learning (DL) and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) operations in real scenarios. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to study and evaluate the use of Knowledge Infused Learning (KIL) in the context of automated threat defense. We define how cybersecurity domain knowledge can be infused into DL and RL, highlighting the main challenges and benefits. Besides, we present a roadmap to apply domain knowledge for red and blue teaming activities and discuss the implications of KIL in explainability, and actionable reporting. Finally, we list the open challenges to guide the development of next-generation security solutions.
Molecular basis for the activation of outer dynein arms in cilia
Authors: Mali Girish , Issa Karim Housseini B , Ren Muyang , Burnet Bradley , Lu Hao , Melia Charlotte , Heesom Kate , Roy Sudipto 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Multiciliogenesis requires large-scale biosynthesis of motility-powering axonemal inner and outer dynein arm motors (IDA and ODA) prior to their intraflagellar transport (IFT) into cilia. ODAs are inhibited by the packaging chaperone Shulin during ciliogenesis in T. thermophila. How Shulin is released for ODAs to become active inside cilia remains unclear. Here we uncover a molecular mechanism for ODA activation. We establish interactions between DNAAF9 (human Shulin) and mammalian ODA subunits, IFT proteins and the ciliary small GTPase ARL3 using proteomics and in vitro reconstitutions. Mutagenesis combined with biochemical and structural studies reveal that DNAAF9 and Shulin preferentially binds active Arl3-GTP. GTP-loaded Arl3 can access, bind and displace Shulin from the packaged ODA-Shulin complex. We propose that once the inhibited ODA complex enters growing cilia, Arl3-GTP displaces Shulin (DNAAF9) and sequesters it away from ODAs promoting activation of their motility specifically inside cilia.
An age-independent MASLD-related liver fibrosis index reflecting gut dysbiosis and hepatic stellate cells reprogramming
Authors: Cicero Daniel , Zampieri Serena , Petrella Greta , Nagni Elisa , Micheli Laura , Maiorca Francesca , Ludovica Lombardi , Carbone Marilena , Sabetta Annamaria , Miglionico Marzia , Pecani Marin , Raparelli Valeria , Basili Stefania , Stefanini Lucia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is of immediate concern, as its prevalence is increasing worldwide. MASLD often progresses to liver fibrosis, posing significant health risks. Age-independent non-invasive tools to evaluate fibrosis are needed to improve diagnostic accuracy across all age groups.
Methods.
84 inflammatory, hematological, and metabolic variables were quantified in the blood of n = 63 individuals with MASLD with different degrees of fibrosis and n = 22 age-matched controls. Linear regression models were employed to identify markers strongly correlated with liver fibrosis but not influenced by age. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the ability of various indexes to discriminate between no/mild and severe liver fibrosis.
Results.
Levels of glutamine and propionate were identified as strongly correlated to fibrosis but not age and combined to form the GP index. The GP index demonstrated superior predictive power for liver fibrosis compared to existing scores, like circulating creatinine. It showed higher discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.872) and better model fit, indicating its robustness and reliability across all age groups.
Conclusions.
The study introduces the GP index, an age-independent tool for diagnosing and monitoring liver fibrosis in MASLD patients. By excluding age-dependent markers, the GP index can potentially reduce false positives and improve diagnostic accuracy, particularly in older populations. The combination of glutamine and propionate in this index reflects a novel approach, capturing both intrinsic hepatic metabolic changes and extrinsic influences from gut microbiota, offering a simple yet effective solution for liver fibrosis staging.
Deep and Continuous Root Development in Ameliorated Soil Improves Nutrients Uptake and Wheat Yield in Water-Limited Conditions
Authors: Azam Gaus , Wickramarachchi Kanch , Scanlan Craig , Chen Yinglong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims Despite the widespread co-occurrence of subsoil acidity and compaction, the interaction between these factors and their combined effects on root system development under water-limited conditions is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how the removal of soil strength and acidity in surface and subsurface layers influenced root development in field conditions and examine relationships between root system properties and shoot growth. Methods Images of root growth were obtained in situ by using rhizotron facilities to assess the temporal effects of soil improvement through loosening and lime incorporation on wheat root development in the 2018 season. Following this, we examined the relationship between enhanced root systems, nutrient uptake, and overall crop performance. Results The results indicate that improved soil conditions significantly enhanced total root length (TRL) through the elongation and proliferation of wheat roots in the subsoil. Among the soil parameters assessed, subsoil strength had a more dominant influence on TRL than soil pH or extractable aluminium concentration (EAC). Regression analysis suggests that ameliorated subsoil was the primary driver of significant improvements in nutrient uptake, which subsequently enhanced wheat performance, including head density, biomass, and grain yield. This highlights the critical role of deep root systems in optimising crop productivity. Notably, the loosening and lime treatments improved soil pH and reduced EAC, promoting deeper and continuous root growth, allowing plants to access previously unavailable soil nutrients. Conclusions By integrating root imaging data with soil property measurements, this research provides a deeper understanding of root-soil interactions throughout the cropping season. It offers valuable insights into sustainable soil management practices that optimise root architecture and improve crop productivity in challenging soil conditions.
Biomass-derived N and S co-doped carbon dots as a novel efficient inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic environment
Authors: Cao Shuyun , Cao Yubao , Li Yongwei , Wang Hong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Developing efficient green inhibitors from sustainable and cost-effective materials remains a challenge. N and S co-doped carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from dried lycium as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur sources, using hydrothermal reaction. The corrosion inhibition performance of these CDs on carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution was investigated using electrochemical measurements and surface characterizations techniques. The lycium-derived CDs, were rich in oxygen-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-containing functional groups, had an average size of ~ 20.3 nm and a pyrrole-like N content of 65.3%. These characteristics contributed to their effective inhibition performance, achieving a maximum inhibition efficiency of 88.4% for carbon steel at a concentration of 100 mg/L. Adsorption isotherm and corrosion morphology analyses indicated that the inhibition mechanism of CDs primarily involves the formation of a protective film through both physical and chemical adsorption. Pyrrole-like N species, via π-complex formation, play a significant role in achieving excellent inhibition by promoting parallel adsorption onto the steel surface. This study demonstrates a green approach for synthesizing efficient biomass-derived CDs, promoting the development of sustainable and effective corrosion protection strategies.
MuSK is a substrate for CaMK2β but this interaction is dispensable for MuSK activation in vivo
Authors: Prömer Jakob J. , Wolske Sara , Castets Perrine , Woerden Geeske M. , Barresi Cinzia , O’Connor Kevin C. , Herbst Ruth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the unique interface between lower motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers and is indispensable for muscle function. Tight control of its localized formation at the center of every muscle fiber, and maintenance throughout lifetime are sustained by muscle-specific kinase (MuSK). MuSK acts as central regulator of acetylcholine receptor clustering at the postsynapse. Localized and temporally controlled signaling of MuSK is primarily achieved by tyrosine autophosphorylation and inhibition thereof. Previous research suggested serine phosphorylation of the activation domain as additional modulator of MuSK activation. Here we identified calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMK2) and in particular CaMK2β as novel catalyst of MuSK activation and confirmed its capability to phosphorylate MuSK in heterologous cells. However, whereas CaMK2β absence in muscle cells reduced AChR clustering, MuSK phosphorylation was unchanged. Accordingly, we ruled out MuSK phosphorylation as the cause of synapse fragmentation in a mouse model for myotonic dystrophy type 1, in which the muscle-specific splice-variant of CaMK2β is missing, or as the cause of ataxia or delayed muscle development in CaMK2β knockout animals. Histological characterization of muscles of CaMK2β knockout mice indicated specific roles of CaMK2β in fast glycolytic versus slow oxidative muscle. Taken together our data shows that MuSK can be phosphorylated by CaMK2b, but loss of CaMK2b is likely compensated for by other CaMK2 paralogs at the NMJ.
Community dynamics during de novo colonization of the nascent peri-implant sulcus
Authors: Kumar Purnima , Dutra Tamires , Robitaille Nicolas , alTabtbaei Khaled , Dabdoub Shareef 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Dental implants have restored chewing function to over 100,000,000 individuals, yet almost 1,000,000 implants fail each year due to peri-implantitis, a disease triggered by peri-implant microbial dysbiosis. Our ability to prevent and treat peri-implantitis is hampered by a paucity of knowledge of how these biomes are acquired and the factors that engender normobiosis. Therefore, we combined a 3-month interventional study of 15 systemically and periodontally healthy adults with whole genome sequencing, fine-scale enumeration and graph theoretics to interrogate colonization dynamics in the pristine peri-implant sulcus. We discovered that colonization trajectories of implants differ substantially from adjoining teeth in acquisition of new members and development of functional synergies. Source-tracking algorithms revealed that this niche is initially seeded by bacteria trapped within the coverscrew chamber during implant placement. These pioneer species stably colonize the microbiome and exert a sustained influence on the ecosystem by serving as anchors of influential hubs and by providing functions that enable cell replication and biofilm maturation. Unlike the periodontal microbiome, recruitment of new members to the peri-implant community occurs on nepotistic principles. Maturation is accompanied by a progressive increase in anaerobiosis, however, the predominant functionalities are oxygen-dependent over the 12-weeks. The peri-implant community is easily perturbed following crown placement, but demonstrates remarkable resilience; returning to pre-perturbation states within three weeks. This study highlights important differences in the development of the periodontal and peri-implant ecosystems, and signposts the importance of placing implants in periodontally healthy individuals or following the successful resolution of periodontal disease.