bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, IIICa. Weitere Ergebnisse bei der Umsetzung von Orthoamiden der Alkincarbonsäuren mit CH2- und CH2/NH-aciden Verbindungen
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Stieglitz Rüdiger , Lehmann Hansjörg , Vettel Markus 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The 1,1-bis(dimethylamino)-1,3-butadienes (keten aminals) 11a–l are prepared from orthoamide derivatives of alkyne carbonxylic acids 9b, d, e, i and CH2-acidic compounds 10a–c, f–h, k, o. The C-silylated orthoamide derivative 9c shows an ambivalent behaviour towards CH-acidic compounds. Reactions of 9c with strong CH2-acidic compounds like the nitro alkanes 10m, n and strongly enolized carbonyl compounds as methyl acetoacetate, cyanoacetamide, dibenzoylmethane, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid proceed under desilylation to give the ketene aminals 11u–z. In contrast to these reactions, the C-silylated ketene aminals 11o–t are obtained from 9c and weaker CH2-acidic compounds as dimethyl malonate, cyanoacetic acid derivatives and benzylcyanides. CH2/NH2-acidic compounds [cyanoacetamide (10d) and N-ethyl-cyanoacetamide (10f)] react with the orthoamide derivatives 9b, e–g at the acidic carbon-hydrogen bond to give the ketene aminals 11ac, ad, af, ag, ai, which cyclize to the pyridones 14a–d, d–g on heating. From the reaction of the orthoamide 9d with cyanoacetamide the pyridone 14c results directly. The persubstituted pyridone derivative 19 is formed by the reaction of cyanoacetamide with a mixture of the isomeric orthoamides 15 and 16. The 5,5-diamino-2,4-pentadienamide 11v attacks the orthoamide 9a at C3/C1. In the product 20 a cross conjugated multiple bond system is formed which contains an 1-aza-2,3-diamino function and a further ketene aminal function.
Julia Winnebeck: The Thompson Case
Authors: Winnebeck Julia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Der Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit dem “Fall Thompson” – einem kaum erforschten Streitfall innerhalb der Anglikanischen Kirche und der wissenschaftlichen Theologie über die Zulässigkeit der Kritik an zentralen Bekenntnisinhalten vom Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Die Verfasserin rekonstruiert sowohl die akademisch-theologische Diskussion über Thompsons umstrittene Veröffentlichung als auch die komplexen rechtlich-formalen Vorgänge innerhalb des Magdalen Colleges in Oxford. Der Fall illustriert exemplarisch den Konflikt zwischen liberalen und konservativen Theologen über die Grundlagen des christlichen Glaubens, der den westeuropäischen Protestantismus im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert spaltete.
Investigation of Dielectric Properties, Electric Modulus and Conductivity of the Au/Zn-Doped PVA/n-4H-SiC (MPS) Structure Using Impedance Spectroscopy Method
Authors: Lapa Havva Elif , Kökce Ali , Özdemir Ahmet Faruk , Altındal Şemsettin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The 50 nm thickness Zn-doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was deposited on n-4H-SiC semiconductor as interlayer by electro-spinning method and so Au/Zn-doped PVA/n-4H-SiC metal-polymer-semiconductor (MPS) structure were fabricated. The real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant (ε′, ε′′), loss-tangent (tan δ), the real and imaginary parts of the complex electric modulus (M′, M′′) and ac electrical conductivity (σ

ac
) behavior of this structure were examined using impedance spectroscopy method in a wide range of frequency (1 kHz–400 kHz) and voltage (−1 V)–(+6 V) at room temperature. The values of ε′, ε′′, tan δ, M′, M′′ and σ

ac
are determined sensitive to the frequency and voltage in depletion and accumulation regions. The values of ε′ and ε′′ decrease with increasing frequency while the values of M′ and σ

ac
increase. The peak behavior in the tan δ and M′′ vs. frequency curves was attributed to the dielectric relaxation processes and surface states (Nss
). The plots of ln (σ

ac
) vs. ln (f) at enough high forward bias voltage (+6 V) have three linear regions with different slopes which correspond to low, intermediate and high frequencies, respectively. The dc conductivity is effective at low frequencies whereas the ac conductivity effective at high frequencies. According to experimental results, the surface/dipole polarizations can occur more easily occur at low frequencies and the majority of Nss
between Zn-doped PVA and n-4H-SiC contributes to the deviation of dielectric behavior of this structure.
Tinnitus Correlates with Downregulation of Cortical Glutamate Decarboxylase 65 Expression But Not Auditory Cortical Map Reorganization
Authors: Miyakawa Asako , Wang Weihua , Cho Sung-Jin , Li Delia , Yang Sungchil , Bao Shaowen 
Published: November 2019

Hearing loss is the biggest risk factor for tinnitus, and hearing-loss-related pathological changes in the auditory pathway have been hypothesized as the mechanism underlying tinnitus. However, due to the comorbidity of tinnitus and hearing loss, it has been difficult to differentiate between neural correlates of tinnitus and consequences of hearing loss. In this study, we dissociated tinnitus and hearing loss in FVB mice, which exhibit robust resistance to tinnitus following monaural noise-induced hearing loss. Furthermore, knock-down of glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) expression in auditory cortex (AI) by RNA interference gave rise to tinnitus in normal-hearing FVB mice. We found that tinnitus was significantly correlated with downregulation of GAD65 in the AI. By contrast, cortical map distortions, which have been hypothesized as a mechanism underlying tinnitus, were correlated with hearing loss but not tinnitus. Our findings suggest new strategies for the rehabilitation of tinnitus and other phantom sensation, such as phantom pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHearing loss is the biggest risk factor for tinnitus in humans. Most animal models of tinnitus also exhibit comorbid hearing loss, making it difficult to dissociate the mechanisms underlying tinnitus from mere consequences of hearing loss. Here we show that, although both C57BL/6 and FVB mice exhibited similar noise-induced hearing threshold increase, only C57BL/6, but not FVB, mice developed tinnitus following noise exposure. Although both strains showed frequency map reorganization following noise-induced hearing loss, only C57BL/6 mice had reduced glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) expression in the auditory cortex (AI). Knocking down GAD65 expression in the AI resulted in tinnitus in normal-hearing FVB mice. Our results suggest that reduced inhibitory neuronal function, but not sensory map reorganization, underlies noise-induced tinnitus.
Inference of Historical Population-Size Changes with Allele-Frequency Data
Authors: Lynch Michael , Haubold Bernhard , Pfaffelhuber Peter , Maruki Takahiro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With up to millions of nearly neutral polymorphisms now being routinely sampled in population-genomic surveys, it is possible to estimate the site-frequency spectrum of such sites with high precision. Each frequency class reflects a mixture of potentially unique demographic histories, which can be revealed using theory for the probability distributions of the starting and ending points of branch segments over all possible coalescence trees. Such distributions are completely independent of past population history, which only influences the segment lengths, providing the basis for estimating average population sizes separating tree-wide coalescence events. The history of population-size change experienced by a sample of polymorphisms can then be dissected in a model-flexible fashion, and extension of this theory allows estimation of the mean and full distribution of long-term effective population sizes and ages of alleles of specific frequencies. Here, we outline the basic theory underlying the conceptual approach, develop and test an efficient statistical procedure for parameter estimation, and apply this to multiple population-genomic datasets for the microcrustacean Daphnia pulex.
Unscheduled Referrals and Unattended Appointments After Pediatric Subspecialty Referral
Authors: Bohnhoff James C. , Taormina Jill M. , Ferrante Lorraine , Wolfson David , Ray Kristin N. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:Incomplete subspecialty referrals, whether unscheduled or unattended, represent unmet patient needs and an opportunity to improve patient safety and experiences. Our objectives were to describe the rates of appointment scheduling and visit attendance after pediatric subspecialty referral and to examine patient and systems factors associated with scheduled referrals and attended appointments.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective review of referrals within a network of 52 primary and urgent care sites from November 2016 to October 2017. We included referrals for children ≤17 years old referred to medical or surgical subspecialists. We examined patient and health systems factors associated with (1) appointment scheduling and (2) visit attendance.RESULTS:Of 20 466 referrals, 13 261 (65%) resulted in an appointment scheduled within 90 days and 10 514 (51%) resulted in a visit attended within 90 days. In adjusted analyses, referral to surgical subspecialists was associated with an increased likelihood of appointment scheduling but a decreased likelihood of visit attendance. Compared with appointments scheduled within 7 days, appointments with intervals from referral to scheduled appointment exceeding 7 days were associated with decreasing likelihood of visit attendance (adjusted odds ratio 8–14 days 0.48; 95% confidence interval 0.37–0.61). Patient factors associated with decreased likelihood of both appointment scheduling and visit attendance included African American race, public insurance, and lower zip code median income.CONCLUSIONS:Patient and system factors were associated with variation in appointment scheduling and visit attendance. Decreased interval to appointment was significantly associated with visit attendance. These factors represent targets for interventions to improve referral completion.
Ethical Leadership Assessment for The Islamic Secondary School Principals
Authors: Indra Ristapawa , Kustati Martin 
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the assessment of ethical leadership in Islamic High School principal; determine the relationship among ethical leadership constructs; and investigates the influence of ethical leadership in terms of value, serve, act justly, and do right to build the community for a common goal. Eight Islamic secondary schools and 80 teachers were selected as respondents for the study. Quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire which is modified from ethical leadership Perceived Leader Instrument Integrity Scale (LIS). The questionnaire was analyzed using mean and standard deviation, Pearson correlation, and path analysis with multiple regressions. The findings show that the assessment of ethical leadership matched with empirical data. It also found that leadership principals in the service of others was developed at the level of an ethical community, and in terms of respect for others is at unethical level. Then, the finding showed that each construct correlated at a moderate level. It also found that the constructs of ethical leadership (serve and act) provided direct influence on the establishment of a community development effort. The study recommended the elements of ethical leadership of respect for others. Â Â Â
Utilizing Recorded English Dialogues in Teaching English Word Stress to Islamic Higher Education Students in Indonesia
Authors: Marzuki Abdul Gafur 
Published: November 2019

The objective of this study is to know the effectiveness of recorded English dialogues in developing the students understanding of English word stress for Islamic Education students. The study employed the classroom action research design. The subject of this study was undergraduate EFL students at the Islamic Education Department in 2018/2019 academic year. The data were collected through four research instruments: observation checklist, questionnaire, field notes, and test. The result of study shows that teaching English word stress through the utilizing recorded English dialogue performed by the researcher is effective to develop students understanding of English word stress. The primary criteria to judge that the students have development are that from the score they gained from two phases of test. In the first test, the studentsâ€™ development reached 56.25%. Meanwhile, in the second test, studentsâ€™ development attained 81.25%. Since learning achievement is calculated based on the number of students who get the target score, so it can be stated that the learning achievement has been attained.Â Â Â
The Influence of Counseling Guidance and Spiritual Intelligence in Developing Students' Islamic Personality
Authors: Harisa Arizka 
Published: November 2019

This study aims to obtain information and to analyze the efforts in developing students' Islamic personality through counseling guidance and spiritual intelligence. The participants of the study are the teachers of Senior High Schools (SMAN) in Ciputat, South Tangerang. The data were collected by using correlation and regression analysis concerning the three research variables. From the result of this study, it was found that counseling guidance and spiritual intelligence had a significant correlation to the efforts of developing studentsâ€™ Islamic personality in school. The role of the teachers in counseling guidance and spiritual intelligence towards students would be able to provide direction and enlightenment in students to have a good self-quality, based on the teachings in their religion. Therefore, the development of students' Islamic personality is one of the efforts carried out in preventing negative influences on students, so that it can make students have high personality qualities based on the values taught in religious teachings, in the hope of giving changes to student's quality in achieving student achievement in school.Â Â Â
Quality Management of Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah in the Era of Regional Autonomy (Case Study in Tasikmalaya Regency)
Authors: Hakim Lukman 
Published: November 2019

This study aims to investigate the policy implementation on Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah (MDT) in the era of regional autonomy in Tasikmalaya regency. This study is qualitative in nature and it applied descriptive method. Data were collected through interview techniques, observation and documentation studies. This study found that educational program policy for MDT in Tasikmalaya was supported by the legal basis issued by regional regulation on religious education. Other findings concern the problem that occurred in the policy implementation. They include: organizational structure was not uniform, educational provider and the communityÂ had not shown the culture that appreciates the importance of quality education, human resource both quality and quantity were not sufficient, infrastructure quality and quantity were inadequate, the curriculum had not met the standard since it was still centralistic and overcrowded, educational quality management had not been implemented by MDT since the management of madrasa was still traditional, the ownership of madrasah was mostly still controlled by the family, the operational budget was limited, social support was low, and local government assistance was limited.Â
La littérature à l'épreuve du réel : les jeux de Pascal Quignard avec les Lettres
Authors: Martin Xavier 
Published: November 2019

The novel Les Larmes, by French writer Pascal Quignard, takes place in the ninth century, two twin brothers make totally different choices of life. Hartnid is always on the go. His twin, Nithard, is a pure scholar. His life is devoted to language. It is precisely his involment in language that allows him to write something that was never written before. He writes the Serments de Strasbourg (English: Oaths of Strasbourg, Latin: Sacramenta Argentariae) in 842, first written marks of a language that will become the French language.
This novel offers a unique opportunity to sketch a thought on the ability of literature to speak about our relationship to reality.
The first part of the article questions the gesture of the novelist who acts on himself and on reality when writing, he really tries to change the world.
The second part of the article studies the notion of realism and shows how Quignard finds a place in the history of literature that, today, stays away from realism, but, maybe, in order to better track down reality.
Finally, in order to grasp the specificity of the Works of Quignard, my interest in the aesthetic of Les Larmes is threefold: its complex structure, the fascination for origin that it shows and, the question of identity and splitting with the twin brothers Hartnid and Nithard.
The article concludes on the ability of artists to anticipate in their creations and, in advance, to tell about events that will occur in the future.
La fonction communicative d’énoncés déclaratifs utilisés dans l’interrogation totale ‒ une étude contrastive français/norvégien
Authors: Hobæk Haff Marianne 
Published: November 2019

This paper discusses the communicative function of declarative sentences used as polar questions in French and Norwegian:
(1a) - Inger Holter jobbet i en bar?
(1b) - Inger Holter bossait dans un bar ?
These two sentences are similar concerning the subject-verb order, the ascending intonation curve, and the choice of lexical morphemes. In both languages, they are declarative sentences used to ask questions. More precisely, we are dealing with polar questions marked by intonation only.
The way sentences such as (1a) and (1b) are used in actual texts shows that they do not have the same communicative function. The Norwegian speaker expects his assumption to be confirmed by the listener, maybe with a hope of getting more information. The French example, on the other hand, admits two different interpretations, and it is the context of the utterance that decides. It can be a request for information, in which the speaker has no preconceived idea of what the answer will be. Alternatively, the interpretation can be the same as in Norwegian if a modal particle or adverb is added, as in Inger Holter bossait dans un bar, n’est-ce pas?
Lingua e spazio urbano a Roma nel racconto di Ettore Scola. Il caso di Una giornata particolare (1977)
Authors: Gargiulo Marco , Catolfi Antonio 
Published: November 2019

This article aims to focus on two main aspects of Rome urban space vision and representation through Ettore Scola’s filmography: on the one hand, we try to decode the interconnections between languages and cinematic architectural space and, on the other hand, we intend to disclose how Scola meant to create a connection between his personal cinematic narrative and the tangled urban space in the city of Rome.
Our investigation is mainly focused on the so called “urban village” Palazzo Federici, a town within the city, which is the A Special Day and The Story of a Poor Young Man’s main location.
Palazzo Federici is an architectural complex of 400 dwellings designed by architect Mario De Renzi and built between 1931 and 1937; it is an ideal place to describe a hive shape building, with a squared structure inspired to a small fortified town, with a central courtyard and an empty fountain, that can represent the different faces of the suffocating fascist regime. The interrelation between the social and the architectural structures and between the mental and urban space anatomies are evident in these two films.
Palazzo Federici is a protagonist in the story narrated during the visit of Hitler in Rome, the 6th May 1938, the Special Day when Antonietta (Sophia Loren) and Gabriele (Marcello Mastroianni) meet, and it leads the characters as a dark set for the Story of a Poor Young Man where it describes the drama of human solitude and desperation in a labyrinthine urban environment in Rome.
Trayectorias hacia la libertad individual: el uso de la ironía en la novela El héroe discreto de Mario Vargas Llosa.
Authors: Ahnfelt Vigdis 
Published: November 2019

The present study examines the spiritual development of the main characters in the novel The Discreet Hero (2013) by Mario Vargas Llosa, and the aim is to show how irony provides the reader with reflections upon the meaning of individual freedom. The hypothesis suggests that the characters, representing different social and cultural groups of today’s Peruvian society, try to free themselves from surrounding threats and thereby obtain what Isaiah Berlin (1971) terms negative or positive freedom.
The analysis focuses on narrative irony, which operates on three levels of the text: firstly, what it linguistically hides by telling something different, secondly, the discrepancy that emerges between narration and what lies underneath and thirdly, the dialectic ideas that impregnate the text and transmit the ambiguity of the work (Tittler 1984). Ethical irony, according to which the characters of narrative are incoherent figures that pursue coherence (Handwerk 1985), is also included.
The study shows that irony problematizes in what ways the characters perceive individual freedom. All of them experience negative freedom, which emerges when authorities fail in their support and protection of the citizens despite political and economic freedom. In order to obtain positive freedom, individual ethical and social responsibility, knowledge of self and cultural refinement are essential. Through irony, it becomes clear that positive freedom depends on a democratic society and individual values.
Comparison of the Methods of Classical and Synergetic Theories of Control of the Movement Autonomous Underwater Machine
Authors: Kolesnikov A. A. , Yakimenko O. I. , Radionov I. A. , Kaliy D. S. 
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the problem of nonlinear synthesis of the laws of motion control of an autonomous underwater vehicle (APA) in the vertical plane. The tasks of the synthesis are the output of the underwater vehicle to a predetermined depth at a given speed. Based on the non-linear mathematical model of the APA, the control laws are synthesized by two different approaches: using the classical automatic control theory method, the proportional-integral-differential controller (PID controller), and using the synergetic control theory, the analytical design method for aggregated regulators (ADAR). Classical methods of the theory of automatic control assume a linear or linearized mathematical description of controlled processes and scalar control, which cannot but affect the adequacy of the mathematical description of processes and the efficiency of the developed algorithms. Such structures are ineffective because they do not allow to obtain the necessary stability margin of the system and are approximate. In addition, the scalar control principle often limits the ability to effectively influence the system, ignoring potential control channels. The vector control principle used in the work allows to more effectively influence the system through various control channels. The assumed laws of synergetic control endow the object in question with properties of asymptotic stability in the entire admissible region of change of state variables.The results of computer simulation of the APA motion, which confirm the achievement of control goals, are considered.