bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of illness severity scores to predict mortality in patients hospitalized with respiratory deterioration of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Hyams C , Hettle D , Bibby A , Adamali H A , Barratt S L 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Introduction
In the context of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), respiratory-related admissions to hospital are associated with a high morbidity and short-term mortality with significant burden on secondary care services. It has yet to be determined how to accurately identify patients at risk of acute respiratory deterioration (ARD) or the prognosticating factors.

Aim
We sought to define the characteristics of hospitalized ARD-IPF patients in a real-world cohort and investigate factors associated with worse outcomes. Specifically, we wished to determine the association between baseline CURB-65 and NEWS-2 and mortality in IPF, given illness severity scores have not previously been validated in this cohort.

Methods
Single-centre retrospective observational cohort study.

Results
Of 172 first hospitalizations for ARD, 27 admissions (15.7%) were due to an acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF), 28 (16.3%) secondary to cardiac failure/fluid overload and 17 due to pneumonia (9.9%). Other admissions related to lower respiratory tract infection, extra-parenchymal causes and those without a specific trigger. Baseline patient characteristics were comparable for all underlying aetiologies of ARD-IPF. Treatment pathways did not differ significantly between AE-IPF and other causes of ARD-IPF. Short-term mortality was high, with ∼22% patients dying within 30 days. Illness severity scores (NEWS-2 and CURB-65) were independent predictors of mortality in multivariable logistic regression modelling.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest significant mortality related to hospitalization with ARD-IPF of any underlying cause. Our data support the use of CURB-65 and NEWS-2 scores as illness severity scores that can provide a simple tool to help future prognostication in IPF. Research should be aimed at refining the management of these episodes, to try to reduce mortality, where possible, or to facilitate palliative care for those with adverse prognostic characteristics.
Evidence of the Use of the Physiologus as a Source in Aldhelm's Enigmata
Authors: Salvador-Bello Mercedes 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Among the 100 riddles of Aldhelm’s Enigmata, 36 deal with animals. Apart from Pliny’s Historia naturalis and Solinus’s Polyhistor, Aldhelm made use of the medieval encyclopaedic source par excellence, Isidore’s Book XII (De animalibus) from the Etymologiae, which has universally been acknowledged as the author’s major source for these riddles. However, the Physiologus was a further traditional zoological treatise from which Aldhelm could have drawn some information. Of the 36 zoological topics of Aldhelm’s Enigmata at least 13 of them are also treated in the Physiologus and so the portrayals of the animals offered in these riddles could have been inspired by this work. It has usually been assumed that most of these descriptions derive from Isidore’s Book XII but not much has been said about the possible connection of some of them to the Physiologus. The main aim of this essay is therefore to study the contents of a selected group of zoological riddles from Aldhelm’s collection and demonstrate that some of the clues observed in them suggest that, apart from Isidore’s Book XII, this author had a version of the Physiologus at his disposal for the composition of his Enigmata.
Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Neonatal Chikungunya: Follow-Up of a Series of Cases Till 1 Year
Authors: Shukla Amlin , Bandyopadhyay Tapas , Vallamkonda Nagaratna , Maria Arti 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Short- or long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of Neonatal Chikungunya infection haven’t been well described. In this study, we describe neurodevelopmental outcomes of a series of 13 infants.

Methods
Study was conducted over a period of 1 year in high-risk follow-up clinic. Follow-up visits were conducted at 3, 6, 9, 12 ± 3 months.

Primary outcome
Development Quotient by Developmental Assessment Scales for Indian Infants. Secondary outcome: growth/anthropometric assessment, neuromotor/neurosensory and re-hospitalization rate.

Results
DASII was &lt;85 in three infants. Two other had expressive speech delay. Two, three and four babies had head circumference, length and weight below third centile, respectively. Two infants had persistent hypertonia and one had hypotonia. Two infants developed strabismus. Two infants had seizures persisting at 12 months requiring re-hospitalization.

Conclusion
Neonatal Chikungunya infection portends a poor neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age. Careful neurodevelopmental follow-up is required for identification and management of sequelae.
Investigation of perioperative hypersensitivity reactions: an update
Authors: Melchiors Birgitte Louise Bech , Garvey Lene Heise 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to provide an update on how best to manage the investigation of suspected perioperative hypersensitivity reactions based on recent literature and key publications.Recent findingsIn the past two years, several very important initiatives have been taken in the field of perioperative hypersensitivity. The 6th national audit project in the United Kingdom has provided new knowledge through a series of studies, including a nationwide prospective study, and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology has commissioned a position paper with updated recommendations for investigations. Lastly, a large international working group comprising experts in anesthesiology, allergology, and immunology, the International Suspected Perioperative Allergic Reactions group, has published a series of articles providing updates and new insights into several different key areas of perioperative hypersensitivity.SummaryThe investigation of perioperative hypersensitivity reactions is highly complex and aims to identify the correct culprit to ensure future avoidance but also to disprove allergy to other suspected culprits, making them available for subsequent anesthesia. To achieve this, close collaboration between anesthesiologists and allergists is called upon to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.
Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder in High-Risk Younger Siblings
Authors: Bradbury Kathryn , Robins Diana L. , Barton Marianne , Ibañez Lisa V. , Stone Wendy L. , Warren Zachary E. , Fein Deborah 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Most autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screening measures have been developed for use with low-risk (LR) children; however, measures may perform differently in high-risk (HR) younger sibling populations. The current study sought to investigate the performance of an ASD screening measure, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F), in a sample of HR younger siblings and directly compared its performance with that in an LR sample.

Methods:
High-risk younger siblings (n = 187) and LR children (n = 15,848) were screened using the M-CHAT-R/F. Screen-positive children completed comprehensive evaluations. The M-CHAT-R/F psychometric properties and clinical characteristics were compared across the samples.

Results:
The M-CHAT-R/F demonstrated a significantly higher screen-positive rate and ASD detection rate in the HR sample compared with the LR sample. Children with ASD in the HR sample had stronger verbal, nonverbal, and overall cognitive abilities compared with children with ASD in the LR sample despite comparable ASD severity and adaptive functioning. High positive predictive value of the M-CHAT-R at initial screen, with only incremental change after Follow-Up, suggests that Follow-Up is less critical in HR than LR samples. A significantly lower number of changed responses during Follow-Up further supports improved reporting accuracy of parents with ASD experience compared with parents less familiar with ASD.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that the M-CHAT-R/F can distinguish between ASD and non-ASD at 18 to 24 months in an HR sibling sample, with performance comparable with or better than its performance in the general population.
Behavioral Health Screening: Validation of a Strength-Based Approach
Authors: Mautone Jennifer A. , Pendergast Laura L. , Cassano Michael , Blum Nathan J. , Power Thomas J. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To evaluate the validity of the Behavioral Health Checklist (BHCL) strength-based factor scores and the extent to which this factor has a buffering effect on the relationship between behavioral health symptom severity and children's social problems.

Method:
The parents of 1,392 children aged 4 to 12 completed the BHCL and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) during sick and well-child visits to urban and suburban primary care practices affiliated with a large children's hospital.

Results:
Findings support a single, strength-based factor on the BHCL, and the structure was largely invariant across race, sex, and socioeconomic status. Increased psychopathology symptoms (internalizing, externalizing, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) and lower levels of strengths predicted increased social problems (p < 0.001). Moreover, the interaction terms were statistically significant in all analyses, suggesting that higher levels of strengths may buffer the deleterious impact of psychopathology symptoms on social problems. Post hoc analyses indicated that the buffering influence of strengths on the relationship between psychopathology symptoms and social problems was clinically meaningful except in the older sample for the relationship between externalizing and social problems.

Conclusion:
The findings support the validity of a strength-based factor of the BHCL and indicate that this factor has a buffering effect on the association between the degree of child mental health symptoms and level of social impairment. This factor, in combination with the problem-focused factors of the BHCL, provides a balanced approach to screening children's mental health functioning.
A proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor provides comparable efficacy with lower detriment than statins on mitochondria of oxidative muscle of obese estrogen-deprived rats
Authors: Thonusin Chanisa , Pantiya Patcharapong , Jaiwongkam Thidarat , Kerdphoo Sasiwan , Arunsak Busarin , Amput Patchareeya , Palee Siripong , Pratchayasakul Wasana , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of atorvastatin, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i), and 17β-estradiol on oxidative muscle mitochondria in a model of menopause with obesity.

Methods:
Female Wistar rats consumed either a standard diet (n = 12) or a high-fat/calorie diet (HFCD: n = 60). At week 13, standard diet–fed rats underwent a sham operation, whereas HFCD-fed rats underwent either a sham operation (n = 12) or an ovariectomy (n = 48). At week 19, all sham-operated rats received vehicle, and ovariectomized HFCD-fed rats received either vehicle, 40 mg/kg/d of atorvastatin, 4 mg/kg/d of PCSK9i (SBC-115076), or 50 μg/kg/d of 17β-estradiol for 3 weeks (n = 12/group). Metabolic parameters and soleus muscle physiology were investigated at the end of week 21.

Results:
Sham-operated and ovariectomized HFCD-fed rats developed obesity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance, also showing increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins, ratio of p-Drp1ser616-to-total Drp1 protein, malondialdehyde level, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in soleus muscle. All drugs equally decreased insulin resistance, OXPHOS proteins, ratio of p-Drp1ser616-to-total Drp1 protein, and malondialdehyde level in soleus muscle. Only atorvastatin and PCSK9i attenuated hypertriglyceridemia, whereas 17β-estradiol had greater efficacy in preventing weight gain than the other two drugs. In addition, 17β-estradiol decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Atorvastatin increased ratio of cleaved caspase 3,8-to-procaspase 3,8, and cytochrome C.

Conclusions:
17β-Estradiol exhibits the greatest efficacy on the attenuation of obesity with the least harmful effect on skeletal muscle in a model of menopause with obesity, yet its effect on the treatment of hyperlipidemia is inferior to those of standard lipid-lowering agents.
Bone mass in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a comparative study between hormone therapy and combined oral contraceptives
Authors: Gazarra Lívia B. Carvalho , Bonacordi Camila L. , Yela Daniela A. , Benetti-Pinto Cristina Laguna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can be used as hormone therapy (HT) to preserve bone mineral density (BMD) in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).

Methods:
An observational study of women with POI comparing the use of COC (ethinylestradiol 30 μg + levonorgestrel, continuously) with: low-dose HT (continuous conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg plus medroxyprogesterone or continuous estradiol [E2] 1 mg + norethisterone), high-dose HT (continuous conjugated estrogen 1.25 mg + medroxyprogesterone or continuous E2 2 mg + norethisterone), tibolone 2.5 mg, or no treatment. Bone density scans were performed every 2 ± 1 years. The difference between final and initial (delta) BMD values was calculated for the lumbar spine, total femur, and femoral neck. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the effect of treatment over time. Variables without normal distribution were transformed into ranks.

Results:
Overall, 420 scans (210 deltas) of 119 women were analyzed. The women were 30.3 ± 9.2 years old (mean ± SD). BMD deltas at the lumbar spine and total femur were grater in the COC and high-dose HT groups. At the lumbar spine, the differences between two scans were greater in the COC group when compared to low-dose HT group: −0.043 (95% CI −0.062 to −0.024), untreated: −0.056 (−0.080 to −0.032), and tibolone: −0.050 (−0.094 to −0.006) groups. Total femur BMD decreases and the delta were lower in the low-dose HT group −0.038 (−0.052 to −0.024) when compared to COC.

Conclusion:
Continuous COC was associated with increased BMD in women with POI compared to low-dose HT, with similar improvement in the COC and high-dose HT groups.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A620.
Highlights of Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Brong Molly , Pham Shirley , Dreucean Diane 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The American Thoracic Society and The Infectious Diseases Society of America recently published updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Initial antibiotic therapy should cover for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and other gram-negative bacilli. Patients who have risk factors for the development of antibiotic resistant pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa should have appropriate empiric coverage for these pathogens. The recommended duration of treatment of community-acquired pneumonia is a minimum of 5 days in conjunction with clinical improvement, which has remained consistent from previous guidelines.
Intrathecal Hyaluronidase in Tubercular Arachnoiditis
Authors: Samal Priyanka , Elavarasi Arunmozhimaran , Kumar Anand , Prabhakar Anuj , Vishnu Venugopalan Y. , Singh Mamta B. , Srivastava M. V. Padma , Goyal Vinay 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Intrathecal hyaluronidase for short duration as an adjuvant for treatment of tubercular arachnoiditis was tried in the past, and although the initial results were promising, surprisingly, no further confirmatory studies were undertaken and have not come into routine clinical use. We did a retrospective chart review of 25 patients who had tubercular meningitis with spinal or opticochiasmatic arachnoiditis who were given weekly intrathecal hyaluronidase for 10 weeks, in addition to antitubercular drugs and steroids. Of the 19 patients with spinal tubercular arachnoiditis, 10 were independent by the time of completion of therapy. All patients with opticochiasmatic arachnoiditis showed some improvement in vision. This promising retrospective study highlights the utility of hyaluronidase in tubercular meningitis with arachnoiditis and need of prospective randomized control trial.
Plasma cell-free DNA methylation combined with tumor mutation detection in prognostic prediction of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Guo Dan , Yang Liang , Yang Jianwei , Shi Ke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:Lung Cancer is one of the most common cancers with high degree of malignancy, is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis worldwide. prognostic prediction for patients with non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still challenge.Material and methods:The cohort consisted of 64 consecutive patients with NSCLC identified from June1, 2014, to June 30, 2018. Liquid biopsy samples were collected. Genomic mutation DNA was calculated by including all substitutions and indels over the entire somatic, coding, sequencing length. statistical evaluations were carried out using SPSS software.Results:Quantity of total ctDNA was successfully determined in all 64 patients from whom baseline circulating DNA was available. ctDNA concentration ranged from 4000 to 3,562,000 genome equivalents per milliliter. Treatments induced a significant decrease in cancer specific markers in most patients with response to treatments, while the methylated DNA demonstrated favorable prediction efficiency regardless of the response status. Patients with ctDNA mutation and methylated DNA decreasing have favorable overall survival (P < .05). combination of genetic and methylated DNA decreasing had high reliability in predicting overall survival of patients with NSCLC.Conclusions:We have detected both tumor mutations and methylated DNA in plasma of patients with NSCLC. Combined genetic and methylated DNA decreasing after treatment was an independent risk factor for prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Meanwhile, it had favorable predict value and had potential to be defined as a novel biomarker for patients with NSCLC.
Cumulative evidence of relationships between multiple variants in 8q24 region and cancer incidence
Authors: Tong Yu , Tang Ying , Li Shiping , Zhao Fengyan , Ying Junjie , Qu Yi , Niu Xiaoyu , Mu Dezhi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple independent cancer susceptibility loci at chromosome 8q24. We aimed to evaluate the associations between variants in the 8q24 region and cancer susceptibility. A comprehensive research synopsis and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate associations between 28 variants in 8q24 and risk of 7 cancers using data from 103 eligible articles totaling 146,932 cancer cases and 219,724 controls. Results: 20 variants were significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, stomach cancer, and glioma, including 1 variant associated with prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and thyroid cancer. Cumulative epidemiological evidence of an association was graded as strong for DG8S737 -8 allele, rs10090154, rs7000448 in prostate cancer, rs10808556 in colorectal cancer, rs55705857 in gliomas, rs9642880 in bladder cancer, moderate for rs16901979, rs1447295, rs6983267, rs7017300, rs7837688, rs1016343, rs620861, rs10086908 associated in prostate cancer, rs10505477, rs6983267 in colorectal cancer, rs6983267 in thyroid cancer, rs13281615 in breast cancer, and rs1447295 in stomach cancer, weak for rs6983561, rs13254738, rs7008482, rs4242384 in prostate cancer. Data from ENCODE suggested that these variants with strong evidence and other correlated variants might fall within putative functional regions. Our study provides summary evidence that common variants in the 8q24 are associated with risk of multiple cancers in this large-scale research synopsis and meta-analysis. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying variants in the 8q24 involved in various human cancers.
Clinical observation for acupuncture treatment of a small area of hyperplastic scars in young and middle-aged women
Authors: Liu Ya-Hong , Xiang Jun , Han Pei-Pei , Yang Chun , Wang Yu-Zhen , Wang Wei , Zhang Ping-An 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Hypertrophic scars are a common disease in plastic surgery, which is the reaction of skin connective tissue to trauma beyond the normal range. Although scholars around the world have explored the tissue structure and formation mechanism of HS for decades, they are not satisfactory the result of. No effective treatment has been found. Therefore, the search for safe and effective treatments for HS has always been the focus of medical attention and research. Acupuncture therapy has a definite effect on HS and has unique advantages.

Methods/design:
In this study, we will use our own front-to-back clinical research method. We plan to include 120 young and middle-aged female patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for HS. The untreated HS of the enrolled patients will be used as blank controls. The intervention group will be given acupuncture treatment. The assessment of scar area, color, hardness, thickness, itching and pain will be recorded for 30 days of treatment.

Discussion:
This trial may provide evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of Acupuncture for patients with HS.

Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR2000032624, Registered on 04 May 2020.
Perinatal risk factors for congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Zhou Jinfu , Luo Jinying , Lin Junyu , Zeng Yinglin , Qiu Xiaolong , Zhu Wenbin , Liu Guanghua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common neonatal endocrine diseases. This retrospective cohort study aimed to identify the potential perinatal risk factors for CH and to differentiate between transient and permanent CH (TCH and PCH, respectively) as well as determine their prevalence in a southeastern Chinese population.
This study was based on an 18-year surveillance of a neonatal CH screening program in a large tertiary hospital. A retrospective review of the maternal and neonatal perinatal exposures was conducted.
Of the 205,834 newborns screened between 2000 and 2018, 189 were diagnosed with CH (1/1089). Among the 131 CH patients who again underwent thyroid function testing (TFT) after discontinuation of levothyroxine at the age of 3 years, 61 (46.6%) were diagnosed with PCH and 70 (53.4%) were diagnosed with TCH. In the maternal characteristics model, women aged 35 years or older and those who had thyroid disease and/or diabetes mellitus during pregnancy had increased risk of having an offspring with CH (P = .001, .000, and .001, respectively). Significant associations were found with regard to parity and the risk of CH in the offspring (P = .000). In the neonatal characteristics model, infants with female sex, preterm birth, post-term birth, low birth weight, other birth defects, and those born as part of multiple births (P = .011, .034, .001, .000, .000, and .003, respectively) had increased risk of CH. The rate of newborns with other birth defects was higher in the PCH group than that in the TCH group (P = .008), whereas the rate of maternal thyroid disease, newborns with low birth weight, and newborns with preterm birth was higher in the TCH group than that in the PCH group (P = .041, .020, and .013, respectively). The levothyroxine dose (μg/kg/day) at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years old was significantly lower in the TCH group than that in the PCH group (P = .000, .000, and .000, respectively).
Perinatal factors should be considered during the diagnosis and treatment of CH.