bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiology clinic visit increases likelihood of evidence‐based cholesterol prescribing in severe hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Groth Nicole A. , Stone Neil J. , Benziger Catherine P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with phenotypic severe hypercholesterolemia (SH), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐c) ≥ 190 mg/dl, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or adults 40–75 years with diabetes with risk factors or 10‐year ASCVD risk ≥20% benefit from maximally tolerated statin therapy. Rural patients have decreased access to specialty care, potentially limiting appropriate treatment.HypothesisPrior visit with cardiology will improve treatment of severe hypercholesterolemia.MethodsWe used an electronic medical record‐based SH registry defined as ever having an LDL‐c ≥ 190 mg/dl since January 1, 2000 (n = 18 072). We excluded 3205 (17.7%) patients not alive or age 20–75 years. Patients defined as not seen by cardiology if they had no visit within the past 3 years (2017–2019).ResultsWe included 14 867 patients (82.3%; mean age 59.7 ± 10.3 years; 58.7% female). Most patients were not seen by cardiology (n = 13 072; 72.3%). After adjusting for age, sex, CVD, hypertension, diabetes and obesity, patients seen by cardiology were more likely to have any lipid‐lowering medication (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.29–1.65), high‐intensity statin (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.61–2.03), or proprotein convertase subtilisin‐kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor (OR = 5.96, 95% CI: 3.34–10.65) compared to those not seen by cardiology. Mean recent LDL‐c was lower in patients seen by cardiology (126.8 ± 51.6 mg/dl vs. 152.4 ± 50.2 mg/dl, respectively; p < .001).ConclusionIn our predominantly rural population, a visit with cardiology improved the likelihood to be prescribed any statin, a high‐intensity statin, or PCSK9 inhibitor. This more appropriately addressed their high life‐time risk of ASCVD. Access to specialty care could improve SH patient's outcomes.
Research on four‐wheel independent steering intelligent control strategy based on minimum load
Authors: Chen Huipeng , Chen Sen , Zhou Rougang , Huang Xiaoyan , Zhu Shaopeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAround the new four‐wheel independent steering system, the adjustment principle of Akman angle is studied in this article. In order to improve steering stability and reduce tire wear, a new algorithm for optimal Ackerman angle allocation at full speed is proposed. Furthermore, combined with the minimum load rule, the four‐wheel rotation angle and driving force are optimized. In this process, Carsim vehicle model and MATLAB/Simulink force and angle allocation algorithm model are established. The final system simulation and performance evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed force and angle distribution algorithm for vehicle stability and tire wear optimization.
Reinforcing Magnetorheological Fluids with Highly Anisotropic 2D Materials
Authors: Rendos Abigail , Li Ran , Woodman Stephanie , Ling Xi , Brown Keith A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMagnetorheological fluids (MRF) are suspensions of magnetic particles that solidify in the presence of a magnetic field. While non‐magnetic additives could improve MRF performance, explorations into such additives have not coalesced into an understanding of their influence, and particularly the role of additive morphology. Here, we explore α‐Ni(OH)2 2D sheets, with aspect ratios of ∼25,000, as highly anisotropic MRF additives. Experiments studying pressure‐driven flow of an MRF with and without these sheets show that their addition can increase the saturation pressure by as much as 46 %. However, shear‐mode rheology reveals that they can also weaken the MRF by inhibiting the chaining of the iron particles at low field strengths and have no effect at higher field strengths. In order to reconcile the strikingly different results, we propose that 2D materials introduce a non‐Newtonian handle to modify smart fluids in a manner that depends on the curvature of the shearing strain rate profile. Specifically, we identify a modification to the Buckingham‐Reiner model of pressure‐driven flow for a Bingham plastic in which the sheets widen the solidified plug. This work highlights the subtle interaction between particles in smart fluids and flows while emphasizing the opportunity for using anisotropy to tune this interaction.
Probing the Fluorescence Behavior of DNA‐Stabilized Silver Nanoclusters in the Presence of Biomolecules
Authors: Gambucci Marta , Zampini Giulia , Quaglia Giulia , Vosch Tom , Latterini Loredana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDNA‐stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA‐AgNCs) have promising properties for biosensing and bioimaging applications. However, in order to enhance the applicability in these fields, a detailed understanding of the interactions that occur between DNA‐AgNCs and other biomolecules is essential. In this work, the spectroscopic properties of red‐emitting DNA‐AgNCs have been investigated in the presence of three biomolecules, namely lysozyme, bovine serum albumin and ss‐DNA, which have been selected in order to have either a different biological nature (two proteins and one nucleic acid) or different net charge at physiological pH (one positive and two negative). The systematic characterization of the steady‐state absorption and emission spectra, combined with time‐resolved fluorescence and anisotropy decay measurements, of DNA‐AgNCs in the presence of each biomolecule, allowed to establish the nature of the interactions that affect the photophysical properties of the DNA‐AgNCs.
Rich and abundant spider communities result from enhanced web capture breadth and reduced overlap in urban greenspaces
Authors: Gardiner Mary M. , Delgado de la flor Yvan A. , Parker Denisha M. , Harwood James D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUrbanization is a key contributor to biodiversity loss, but evidence is mounting that cities can support rich arthropod communities, including rare and threatened species. Furthermore, greenspace is growing within hundreds of “shrinking cities” that have lost population resulting in a need to demolish an overabundance of infrastructure creating vacant land. Efforts are underway to transform vacant lots, often viewed as blighted areas, into habitats that promote biodiversity and generate ecosystem services, such as urban agroecosystems. To understand how reconfiguring these greenspaces might influence species conservation, elucidation of the factors that drive the distribution of an urban species pool is needed. In particular, the importance of species interactions in structuring urban communities is poorly understood. We tested hypotheses that (1) greater breadth of prey captured by web‐building spiders and reduced overlap of prey capture among individuals facilitates the conservation of genera richness and abundance and (2) heterogeneity within a greenspace patch facilitates enhanced dietary niche breadth and greater resource partitioning. In 2013 and 2014, the abundance, breadth and degree of overlap in prey capture of sheet web spiders (Linyphiidae) was measured using web mimic traps at 160 microsites (0.25 m2) situated in four urban vacant lots and four urban farms in the city of Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Within a subset of 40 microsites, we used vacuum sampling and hand collection to measure the abundance and genera richness of Linyphiidae. Spider richness and abundance were significantly reduced within urban farms relative to vacant lots. The distribution of spiders and prey was explained by habitat structure, with microsites dominated by tall grasses and flowering plants, with a high bloom abundance and richness, supporting greater prey capture and a higher genera richness and abundance of spiders. In 2014, web capture overlap was significantly greater within microsites dominated by bare ground. These findings illustrate that urban greenspace conservation efforts that focus on reducing bare ground and incorporating a diversity of grasses and flowering plant species can promote linyphiid spiders, potentially by relaxing exploitative competition for shared prey.
Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire and psychopathology in Japanese patients with eating disorders
Authors: Otani Makoto , Hiraide Maiko , Horie Takeshi , Mitsui Tomoyo , Yoshida Toshiyuki , Takamiya Shizuo , Sakuta Ryoichi , Usami Masahide , Komaki Gen , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) is one of the most widely used tools to assess the core psychopathology of eating disorders (ED). However, recent empirical findings did not support the original four‐factor structure. The aims of the present study were to investigate the factor structure of the EDE‐Q in Japanese ED patients, to test the reliability and convergent validity of the EDE‐Q, to examine group differences between various ED groups and healthy participants, and to explore the main behavioral features of Japanese ED patients using the newly developed Japanese version of EDE‐Q.MethodA total of 148 ED patients and 469 healthy participants completed the EDE‐Q, Eating Attitudes Test‐26 (EAT‐26), and Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2). The factor structure, reliability, and validity of the EDE‐Q were assessed in ED patients. Group differences were assessed using the new Japanese version of the EDE‐Q (EDE‐Q‐J).ResultsThe EDE‐Q‐J had three factors. Cronbach's alphas ranged from 0.83 to 0.93. Total score and subscale scores of “Dieting” and “Bulimia and Food Preoccupation” of EAT‐26 and of “Drive for Thinness,” “Body Dissatisfaction,” and “Bulimia” of EDI‐2 correlated with the global score and three subscale scores of the EDE‐Q‐J.DiscussionFor Japanese female ED patients, the EDE‐Q‐J had three subscales that were not consistent with the original subscales, but were interpretable. It demonstrated sufficient reliability and validity. Japanese female patients with restricting‐type anorexia nervosa (AN‐R) displayed less dissatisfaction with shape and weight than healthy participants. AN‐R patients in Japan might present with a non‐fat‐phobic symptom profile.
Copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) Complexes with Pendent Polyamines: Effects of Proton Relays and Charged Moieties on Electrocatalytic HER
Authors: Calvary Caleb A. , Hietsoi Oleksandr , Hofsommer Dillon T. , Brun Henry C. , Costello Alison M. , Mashuta Mark S. , Spurgeon Joshua M. , Buchanan Robert M. , Grapperhaus Craig A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of new bis(thiosemicarbazonato) Cu(II) complexes with pendent polyamines, diacetyl‐(N, ‐dimethylethylenediaminothiosemicarbazonato)‐(N’‐methyl‐3‐thio‐semicarbazonato)butane‐2,3‐diimine)‐copper(II) (Cu‐1), diacetyl‐bis(N‐dimethylethylenediamino‐3‐thiosemicarbazonato)butane‐2,3‐diimine)‐copper(II) (Cu‐3), and their cationic derivatives Cu‐2 and Cu‐4, have been synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and X‐ray diffraction methods. Complexes Cu‐1–Cu‐4 are analogues of Cu(ATSM), which contains a similar N2S2 donor core with terminal non‐coordinating amines. Substitution of the methyl group(s) of the terminal amines of H2ATSM with N,N‐dimethylethylenediamine followed by alkylation generates a charged quaternary amine in the ligand framework. The charged site tunes the redox potentials of the complexes with minimal changes in their physical and electronic properties. The HER activity of all four copper complexes were evaluated in acetonitrile with glacial acetic acid. All of the complexes have lower HER overpotentials than Cu(ATSM), which is attributed to charge effects. The pendent amines of Cu‐1 and Cu‐3 have the lowest HER overpotential as the pendent tertiary amine also serves as a proton relay to enhance proton rearrangement under catalytic conditions. Complex Cu‐3 showed the highest activity with a TOF of 12 × 103 s−1, an overpotential of 0.65 V, and faradaic efficiency of 100 %.
Nanotechnology: Current applications and future scope in food
Authors: Sahoo Monalisa , Vishwakarma Siddharth , Panigrahi Chirasmita , Kumar Jayant 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNanotechnology is the new frontier in the transformation of conventional agriculture and food sector into an emerging form for development of food industry. Innovations in nanofood, nanosensors, nanopackaging, nanofertilizers, and nanopesticides are the major recent advancements of nanoscience and technology. Nanoscience‐based technology has a vibrant impact on food quality, food safety, and food packaging aspects including nanofood drug delivery, nanonutraceuticals, and functional food. Application of nanotechnology facilitates food preservation, nutrition enhancement, and safe delivery of micronutrients and bioactive components. Recent trends and advancement of nanotechnology and its promising opportunities and challenges in food processing sector are discussed in this review. Synthesis of nano material and their application to food sectors with concerned health regulatory and risk assessment issues are addressed. Although nanotechnology is a promising prospect and has advancement application in food industry, still efforts are required for intensive research in nanofood system and creating public consumer awareness.
Surgical rehabilitation of swallowing with polydimethylsiloxane injections after open partial horizontal laryngectomy: Long‐term functional results and quality of life
Authors: Mattioli Francesco , Fernandez Ignacio Javier , Bassano Edoardo , Luppi Maria Pia , Bonali Marco , Ghidini Angelo , Trebbi Marco , Bergamini Giuseppe , Presutti Livio , Botti Cecilia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSwallowing disorders are common problems after partial laryngectomy. The aim of this study is to illustrate the long‐term functional results of rehabilitation of swallowing by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) injection.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients with dysphagia after partial laryngectomy who underwent injection of PDMS for rehabilitation of swallowing were included in the study. Impairment of swallowing and quality of life (QoL) were investigated with questionnaires: M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) and Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck Cancer (PSS‐HNC). Functional results at fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) were analyzed using a modified penetration‐aspiration scale.ResultsMean follow‐up was 8.5 years. Twenty‐six patients showed an improvement at questionnaires (p < 0.001). Median improvement was 6 (p < 0.001) in the modified penetration‐aspiration scale. Total laryngectomy was required in one patient.ConclusionsPDMS injection is a good option for rehabilitation of swallowing in case of dysphagia after partial laryngectomy. It improves QoL and the results persist after a long follow‐up period.
Conducting an asylum evaluation focused on female genital mutilation/cutting status or risk
Authors: Mishori Ranit , Ottenheimer Deborah , Morris Elise 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFemale genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) is considered a human rights violation and is practiced all over the world. It has been used as a basis for seeking asylum in various countries, including in the USA since 1996, and the precedent‐setting matter of Kissindja. Clinicians in the USA and elsewhere who perform asylum evaluations may be called upon to evaluate women who seek asylum based on their FGM/C status or risk. In this manuscript, we provide expert‐informed best practices to conduct asylum evaluations based specifically on FGM/C. We review evidence‐based history taking, physical examination unique to the population of women and girls affected by FGM/C, and consider the evaluation in the context of trauma‐informed care.ConclusionAlthough general clinical skills often suffice to perform asylum evaluations, FGM/C represents a unique niche within the field of gynecological asylum evaluations and requires additional background knowledge and clinical competencies.Ethical approvalAs this is a clinical review and does not involve patients or research subjects no ethical approval was sought or was necessary.
Physical methods for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: A systematic review
Authors: Sarmento Ayane C. A. , Lírio Juliana F. , Medeiros Kleyton S. , Marconi Camila , Costa Ana P. F. , Crispim Janaina C. , Gonçalves Ana K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) negatively affects sexual function and quality of life. Techniques like laser and radiofrequency are being used to manage GSM, particularly in women with contraindications for hormone therapy.ObjectivesTo verify whether the physical methods of laser and radiofrequency can be recommended as safe and effective options for the treatment of GSM/urinary urgency or incontinence in pre‐ and postmenopausal women.Search strategyDatabases were comprehensively searched using combinations of the following keywords in any language: “postmenopause”; “genitourinary syndrome of menopause”; “vaginal atrophy”; “radiofrequency”; and “laser.”Selection criteriaFull articles of case‐control, cross‐sectional, cohort, randomized clinical trials, and quasi‐randomized or controlled clinical trials were included.Data collection and analysisAll authors independently evaluated the design of the studies for quality of reporting, risk of bias, and quality of evidence.Main resultsOf the included 49 studies, 37 were on the CO2 laser, 10 on the Erbium laser, and two on radiofrequency.ConclusionsLaser and radiofrequency therapy could be promising and safe therapeutic options for GSM/urinary incontinence. However, the study findings cannot be generalized until new randomized clinical trials are performed that confirm the strength of the evidence. This review has been registered with PROSPERO: CRD42020141913.
Machine learning monitoring for laser osteotomy
Authors: Shevchik Sergey , Nguendon Kenhagho Hervé , Le‐Quang Tri , Faivre Neige , Meylan Bastian , Guzman Raphael , Cattin Philippe C. , Zam Azhar , Wasmer Kilian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work proposes a new online monitoring method for an assistance during laser osteotomy. The method allows differentiating the type of ablated tissue and the applied dose of laser energy. The setup analyzes the laser‐induced acoustic emission, detected by an airborne microphone sensor. The analysis of the acoustic signals is carried out using a machine learning algorithm that is pre‐trained in a supervised manner. The efficiency of the method is experimentally evaluated with several types of tissues, which are: skin, fat, muscle, and bone. Several cutting‐edge machine learning frameworks are tested for the comparison with the resulting classification accuracy in the range of 84–99%. It is shown that the datasets for the training of the machine learning algorithms are easy to collect in real‐life conditions. In the future, this method could assist the doctors during laser osteotomy, minimizing the damage of the nearby healthy tissues and provide cleaner pathologic tissue removal.
Predictive value of risk score using Kyoto classification of gastritis a few years prior to diagnosis of early gastric cancer
Authors: Fujimoto Yo , Katayama Yasumi , Gyotoku Yoshinori , Oura Ryosuke , Kobori Ikuhiro , Kitagawa Tomoyuki , Tamano Masaya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimBased on past diagnostic classifications of gastritis, the Kyoto classification of gastritis adopts simpler, more objective gastritis findings according to Helicobacter pylori infection status and evaluates the risk of gastric cancer. To clarify whether this score can predict future gastric cancer, we retrospectively examined risk scores obtained using the Kyoto classification of gastritis a few years prior to the diagnosis of early gastric cancer.MethodsWe reviewed data from 50 individuals who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 2–3 years prior to the diagnosis of early gastric cancer in our hospital. Two expert endoscopists evaluated and compared risk scores obtained using the Kyoto classification of gastritis between cancer and control groups.ResultsWith regard to the risk score obtained using the Kyoto classification of gastritis in all cases, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, diffuse redness, and total score were significantly higher among gastric cancer cases. Among H. pylori‐eradicated cases, atrophy score was higher in the gastric cancer group. Among patients for whom H. pylori had been eradicated for >3 years at first endoscopy, atrophy score was still higher in the gastric cancer group.ConclusionThis retrospective study suggested that the risk score obtained using the Kyoto classification of gastritis was useful for predicting the onset of gastric cancer. In particular, patients with a high atrophy score even after H. pylori eradication may be at high risk of developing gastric cancer.
Detection of functional connectivity in the brain during visuo‐guided grip force tracking tasks: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Zheng Xinyi , Luo Jie , Deng Lingyun , Li Bing , Li Le , Huang Dong Feng , Song Rong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe functional connectivity (FC) between multiple brain regions during tasks is currently gradually being explored with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). However, the FC present during grip force tracking tasks performed under visual feedback remains unclear. In the present study, we used fNIRS to measure brain activity during resting states and grip force tracking tasks at 25%, 50%, and 75% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in 11 healthy subjects, and the activity was measured from four target brain regions: the left prefrontal cortex (lPFC), right prefrontal cortex (rPFC), left sensorimotor cortex (lSMC), and right sensorimotor cortex (rSMC). We determined the FC between these regions utilizing three different methods: Pearson's correlation method, partial correlation method, and a pairwise maximum entropy model (MEM). The results showed that the FC of lSMC‐rSMC and lPFC‐rPFC (interhemispheric homologous pairs) were significantly stronger than those of other brain region pairs. Moreover, FC of lPFC‐rPFC was strengthened during the 75% MVC task compared to the other task states and the resting states. The FC of lSMC‐lPFC and rSMC‐rPFC (intrahemispheric region pairs) strengthened with a higher task load. The results provided new insights into the FC between brain regions during visuo‐guided grip force tracking tasks.
Characterization of a highly stable mixed‐mode reversed‐phase/weak anion‐exchange stationary phase based on hybrid organic/inorganic particles
Authors: Walter Thomas H. , Alden Bonnie A. , Field Jessica A. , Lawrence Nicole L. , Osterman Donna L. , Patel Amit V. , DeLoffi Maureen A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe have characterized Atlantis ethylene‐bridged hybrid C18 anion‐exchange, a mixed‐mode reversed‐phase/weak anion‐exchange stationary phase designed to give greater retention for anions (e.g., ionized acids) compared to conventional reversed‐phase materials. The retention and selectivity of this stationary phase were compared to that of three benchmark materials, using a mixture of six polar compounds that includes an acid, two bases, and three neutrals. The compatibility of the ethylene‐bridged hybrid C18 anion‐exchange material with 100% aqueous mobile phases was also evaluated. We investigated the batch‐to‐batch reproducibility of the ethylene‐bridged hybrid C18 anion‐exchange stationary phase for 27 batches across three different particle sizes (1.7, 2.5, and 5 μm) and found it to be comparable to that of one of the most reproducible C18 stationary phases. We also characterized the acid and base stability of the ethylene‐bridged hybrid C18 anion‐exchange stationary phase and the results show it to be usable over a wide pH range, from 2 to 10. The extended upper pH limit relative to silica‐based reversed‐phase/weak anion‐exchange materials is enabled by the use of ethylene‐bridged hybrid organic/inorganic particles. The improved base stability allows Atlantis ethylene‐bridged hybrid C18 anion‐exchange to be used with a wider range of mobile phase pH values, opening up a greater range of selectivity options.