bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Gastric Cancer Aggressiveness through Upregulation of Cell Mobility and Interferon Genes
Authors: Hsieh Yung-Yu , Tung Shui-Yi , Pan Hung-Yu , Chang Te-Sheng , Wei Kuo-Liang , Chen Wei-Ming , Deng Yi-Fang , Lu Chung-Kuang , Lai Yu-Hsuan , Wu Cheng-Shyong , Li Chin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Fusobacterium nucleatum was previously found to become a dominant species in the gastric cancer-associated microbiota of patients from Taiwan. However, the prevalence of Fusobacterium nucleatum infection in gastric cancer has not been examined in a larger patient cohort. In addition, whether Fusobacterium nucleatum elicits a cellular response in gastric cancer remains unknown.Methods A study cohort of resected gastric cancer tissue specimens was examined using nested PCR to detect Fusobacterium nucleatum. In vitro coculture of Fusobacterium nucleatum was carried out to identify the alteration in the expression profile of patient-derived gastric cancer cell line.Results approximately one-third of gastric cancer tissues are positive for Fusobacterium nucleatum. Statistical analysis showed that the risk for Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is increased in late-stage cancer tissue specimens and incurs poorer survival in Helicobacter pylori-positive patients. In vitro coculture experiment shows a drastic interferon response activated only by a high multiplicity of infection, and the response peaks within 24 hours and subsides after 72 hours of incubation. Another set of response genes is the continuous increase of actins and their regulators with prolonged time of incubation, activated by both low and high multiplicity of infection.Conclusions Our data indicates that Fusobacterium nucleatum incites an inflammatory response from the cancer cells and promotes cell mobility, likely
Fine-grained dual-phase high-entropy ceramics derived from boro/carbothermal reduction
Authors: Luo Si-Chun , Guo Wei-Ming , Plucknett Kevin , Lin Hua-Tay 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the current work fine-grained dual-phase, high-entropy ceramics (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)B2-(Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C with different phase ratios are prepared from powders synthesized via a boro/carbothermal reduction approach, by adjusting the content of B4C and C in the precursor powders. Phase compositions, densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties have been investigated. Due to the combination of pinning effect and the boro/carbothermal reduction approach, the average grain sizes (0.5–1.5 µm) of the dual-phase high-entropy ceramics, were much smaller as compared with previously reported values. The dual-phase high-entropy ceramics with 15 mol% boride phase exhibit the highest Vickers hardness (24.21 GPa) and fracture toughness (3.2 MPa•m1/2).
Androgen receptor activity promotes resistance to BRAF-targeted melanoma therapy
Authors: Wargo Jennifer , Vellano Christopher , White Michael , Andrews Miles , Daniele Joseph , Titus Mark , Ologun Gabriel , Cogdill Alex , Morad Golnaz , McQuade Jennifer , Thakur Rohit , Prieto Peter , Lazar Alexander , Khan Md Abdul Wadud , Helmink Beth , Davies Michael , Amaria Rodabe , Kovacs Jeffrey , Woodman Scott , Tawbi Hussein , Patel Sapna , Hwu Patrick , Peoples Michael , Lee Jeffrey , Cooper Zachary , Zhu Haifeng , Gao Guang , Gershenwald Jeffrey , Lucci Anthony , Keung Emily , Ross Merrick , Wani Khalida , Tetzlaff Michael , Haydu Lauren , Mahendra Mikhila , Ma XioYan , Logothetis Christopher , Kulstad Zachary , Johnson Sarah , Hudgens Courtney , Feng Ningping , Federico Lorenzo , Burton Elizabeth , Arur Swathi , Heffernan Timothy , Marszalek Joseph 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Treatment with molecularly-targeted therapy has revolutionized cancer care, including BRAF/MEK-targeted melanoma therapy. However responses are heterogenous and frequently not long-lasting. Novel strategies to target resistance are needed. We studied a cohort of patients with resectable metastatic melanoma treated with neoadjuvant BRAF/MEK-targeted therapy (n=52) and noted a strong sexual dimorphism in response to treatment, with female patients demonstrating significantly higher rates of a major pathologic response (MPR) (p=0.0001). RNA sequencing of tumors demonstrated enrichment of androgen-related genes in those failing to achieve MPR. Pre-clinical studies validated these findings, with significantly increased tumor growth in male vs female mice treated with BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAF/MEKi) (p=0.0005). Androgen receptor (AR) expression was upregulated in tumors of BRAF/MEKi-treated mice, and modulation of AR signaling via AR-blockade or castration was associated with significantly slower tumor growth (p=0.0001 and p=0.00004, respectively). Together, these results have important implications in the context of treatment with BRAF/MEKi-targeted therapy.
Nanoparticles in 472 Human Cerebrospinal Fluid: Changes in Extracellular Vesicle Concentration and miR-21 Expression as a Biomarker for Leptomeningeal Metastasis
Authors: Lee Kyue-Yim , Im Ji Hye , Lin Weiwei , Gwak Ho-Shin , Kim Jong Heon , Yoo Byong Chul , Kim Tae Hoon , Park Jong Bae , Park Hyeon Jin , Kim Ho-Jin , Kwon Ji-Woong , Shin Sang Hoon , Yoo Heon , Lee Changjin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) has a poor prognosis and is difficult to diagnose and predict the response of treatment. In this study, we suggest that the monitoring of changes in the concentration of extracellular vesicles in cerebrospinal fluid could help to diagnose or predict outcomes for LM.
Methods
We measured nanoparticles in 472 human CSF from controls and patients including LM with both Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) after two-step centrifugations.
Results
NTA revealed nanoparticles distributed at a median 193 nm in size, and 1.74 × 108 /ml in concentration, and those were significantly higher in LM compared to other groups (211 nm vs. 188 nm, p < 0.001 and 2.80 × 108 /ml vs. 1.49 × 108 /ml, p < 0.01, respectively). Changes in NTA-measured nanoparticles (EV from here) concentration after intra-CSF chemotherapy were further examined in non-small cell lung cancer patients with LM (n = 33). Overall survival was longer for patients with increased EV than the others (442 vs. 165 days, p < 0.001). Exosome surface markers (CD9/CD63/CD81) significantly decreased in the EV-decreased group (ratio 0.64, p < 0.0001). MicroRNA-21 expression decreased in this favorable prognostic group, whereas increased in the EV-decreased group (p = 0.003).
Conclusions
The elevated concentration of extracellular vesicles in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with LM can be a diagnostic marker. Moreover, EV changes combined with microRNA-21 might be a biomarker for monitoring intracranial chemotherapy of LM.
A Secondary Analysis of the Childhood Obesity Prevention Literature through a Wider Determinants of Health Lens: Implications for Research Funders, Researchers, Policymakers and Practitioners
Authors: Nobles James David , Summerbell Carolyn , Brown Tamara , Jago Russell , Moore Theresa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Over the last 25 years, we have made great advances in our understanding of the complex adaptive systems which drive childhood obesity. Within this, the important role of upstream interventions which focus on the wider determinants of health (WDoH) has been acknowledged. Concurrently, the number of intervention studies aiming to prevent childhood obesity has increased exponentially. One might anticipate that our understanding of theory has been embedded into the development and implementation of interventions in real time. Methods: We tested this hypothesis by conducting secondary analysis of the interventions included in the Cochrane Review on “Interventions for Preventing Obesity in Children”, published since 1993. All 153 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were independently coded by two authors against the WDoH model using an adaptive framework synthesis approach. We used aspects of the Action Mapping Tool from Public Health England to facilitate our coding and to visualise our findings in contrast to 226 perceived causes of obesity. Results: We found that the proportion of interventions which targeted downstream (e.g. individual and family behaviours) as opposed to upstream (e.g. infrastructure, environmental, policy) determinants has not changed over time (from 1993 to 2015), with most intervention efforts (57.9%) aiming to change individual lifestyle factors via education-based approaches. Almost half of the interventions (45%) targeted two or more levels of the WDoH. Where interventions targeted some of the wider determinants, this was often achieved via upskilling teachers to deliver educational content to children. No notable difference in design or implementation was observed between interventions targeting children of varying ages (0-5 years, 6-12 years, 13-18 years). Conclusions: This study highlights that interventions, evaluated via RCTs, have persisted to focus on downstream, individualistic determinants of obesity over the last 25 years, despite the step change in our understanding of its complex aetiology. We hope that the findings from our analysis will challenge research funders, researchers, policymakers and practitioners to reflect upon, and critique, the evidence-based paradigm in which we operate, and call for a shift in focus of new evidence which takes a WDoH lens.
Lung ultrasound findings in pediatric patients with COVID-19.
Authors: Guitart Carmina , Suárez Ricardo , Girona Mònica , Bobillo-Pérez Sara , Hernández Lluïsa , Balaguer Mònica , Cambra Francisco José , Jordan Iolanda 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
During the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), lung ultrasound has been used to diagnose and monitor respiratory condition. The aim of the study was to describe lung ultrasound findings in children with a COVID-19 infection. Patients younger than 18 years old and positive for COVID-19, admitted to pediatric tertiary referral hospital were included. They were divided into two groups depending on the presence of respiratory symptoms. Lung ultrasound results were categorized into three degrees of aeration loss: normal, moderate, and severe; and into three patterns: viral or bacterial pneumonia, and atelectasis.Sixteen patients were recruited. The median age was 11 years old (IQR 2.8-12). Four children (25%) required admission to the intensive care unit. Six patients (37.5%) presented with respiratory symptoms. All of them (100%) showed moderate-to-severe aeration loss on lung ultrasound. A viral pneumonia pattern was observed in four cases (66.6%). Ten patients (62.5%) presented with non-respiratory symptoms, lung ultrasound showed moderate-to-severe aeration loss in nine (90%). Three (30%) were diagnosed of multisystem inflammatory syndrome and lung ultrasounds showed severe aeration loss and bilateral pleural effusion.Conclusions: Children with COVID-19 and respiratory symptoms showed a viral pneumonia pattern with moderate-to-severe aeration loss upon the lung ultrasound assessment.
Baseline assessment of antibiotics prescribing for acute, non-complicated infections in primary care in Germany in the cluster randomized trial ARena
Authors: Poss-Doering Regina , Weber Dorothea , Kamradt Martina , Andres Edith , Kaufmann-Kolle Petra , Szecsenyi Joachim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is fueled by inappropriate prescribing and use of antibiotics. Global and national strategies support rational and adequate use of antibiotics to retain treatment options and fight resistances. In Germany, the ARena project (Sustainable reduction of antibiotic-induced antimicrobial resistance) was intended to promote the rational and appropriate use of antibiotics for acute non-complicated infections by addressing physicians, care teams and patients through multiple interacting interventions. This paper presents patterns of antibiotics prescribing for patients with acute non-complicated infections in participating primary care networks prior to the start of the ARena project, explores variation across subgroups of patients and draws comparisons to reference groups which represent standard care. MethodsIn mixed logistic regression models, we explored factors associated with the proportion of patients with acute non-complicated infections consulting primary care practices who received an antibiotic prescription. Secondary outcomes concerned the prescription of different types of antibiotics. Descriptive methods were used to summarize the data referring to primary care networks, reference groups, and subgroups. ResultsAcross all observed cases, antibiotic prescription rates were 31.7% in reference groups and 32.0% in primary care networks. Being the largest group of physicians observed, General practitioners prescribed antibiotics more frequently than other medical specialist groups (otolaryngologists vs. General practitioners OR=0.465 CI=[0.302; 0.719], p<0.001, pediatricians vs. General practitioners: OR=0.369 CI=[0.135; 1.011], p=0.053). Quinolone prescription rates were moderate (8.1% in reference groups and 9.9% in primary care networks). Patients with comorbidities had a higher likelihood of receiving an antibiotic and quinolone prescription and were less likely to receive a recommended substance. Younger patients were less likely to receive antibiotics (OR=0.771 CI=[0.636; 0.933], p=0.008). Female gender was associated with higher rates of antibiotic prescriptions compared to males (OR=1.293 CI=[1.201, 1.392], p<0.001).Conclusion Prior to the ARena project, observed antibiotic prescription rates for acute non-complicated infections were moderate, but there was still room for improvement. The use of recommended substances was low which indicates a need for creating stronger awareness of guideline-conform use of antibiotics.
Unraveling the stability landscape of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain
Authors: Smaoui Mohamed Raef , Yahyaoui Hamdi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The interaction between the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and the ACE2 enzyme is believed to be the entry point of the virus into various cells in the body, including the lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys. The current focus of several therapeutic design efforts explore attempts at affecting the binding interaction between the two proteins to limit the activity of the virus and disease progression. In this work, we analyze the stability of the spike protein under all possible single-point mutations in the receptor-binding domain and computationally explore mutations that can affect the binding with the ACE2 enzyme. We unravel the mutation landscape of the receptor region and assess the toxicity potential of single and multi-point mutations, generating insights for future vaccine efforts on potential mutations that might further stabilize the spike protein and increase its infectivity. We developed a tool, called SpikeMutator, to construct full atomic protein structures of the mutant spike proteins and shared a database of 3,800 single-point mutant structures. We analyzed the recent 65,000 reported spike sequences across the globe and observed the emergence of stable multi-point mutant structures. Using the landscape, we searched through 7.5 million possible 2-point mutation combinations and report that the (R355D K424E) mutation produces one of the strongest spike proteins that therapeutic efforts should investigate for the sake of developing an effective vaccine.
When Robots contribute to eradicate the COVID-19 spread in a context of containment
Authors: HOUACINE Naila Aziza , DRIAS Habiba 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the era of autonomous robots, multi-targets search methods inspired researchers to develop adapted algorithms to robot constraints, and with the rising of Swarm Intelligence (SI) approaches, Swarm Robotics (SRs) became a very popular topic. In this paper, the problem of searching for an exponentially increasing number of targets in a complex and unknown environment is addressed. Our main objective is to propose a Robotic target search strategy based on the EHO (Elephants Herding Optimization) algorithm, namely Robotic-EHO (REHO). The main additions were the collision-free path planning strategy, the velocity limitation, and the extension to the multi-target version in discrete environments. The proposed method has been the subject of many experiments, emulating the search of infected individuals by COVID-19 in a context of containment within complex and unknown random environments, as well as in the real case study of USA. The particularity of these environments is their increasing targets' number and the dynamic Containment Rate (CR) that we propose. The experimental results show that REHO reacts much better in high Containment Rate, early start search mission, and where the robots' speed is higher than the virus spread speed.
Survivin Suppression Strengthens BZML-induced Mitotic Catastrophe to Overcome Multidrug Resistance by Removing Senescent A549/Taxol Cells
Authors: Bai Zhaoshi , Zhou Yiran , Ye Xinyue , Guan Qi , Zhang Weige , Ma Lingman 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Mitotic catastrophe (MC) of cancer cells induced by BZML, a novel colchicine-binding site inhibitor, exerts a significant advantage in overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) in NSCLC. However, the long cellular death process resulting from MC is not beneficial for anticancer treatment. Here, we study the mechanisms underlying MC occurrence and development to promote the development of anticancer therapies based on drug-induced MC.Methods: Cellular senescence was confirmed by morphological features, SA-β-Gal and C12FDG staining. Cell cycle analysis and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to detect MC. Relevant signal transduction pathways and protein location were detected by qRT-PCR, westren blot and immunofluorescence. The half-life of proteins was evaluated using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Flow cytometry, MTT assay, crystal violet staining, Hoechst 33342 staining and cell division detection were performed to determine the effects of BZML and/or YM155 on cell fate. Results: We found that BZML induced p53-dependent cellular senescence in A549/Taxol cells, but not in A549, H1299 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Interestingly, BZML-induced senescence was a secondary effect of MC. In addition, the destruction of the protein-degradation system induced by BZML contributed not only to an increase in p53 protein but also to the accumulation of survivin in the nucleus of A549/Taxol cells. However, in A549 cells, the overexpression of survivin had no effect on apoptosis resistance against BZML and failed to promote BZML-induced MC. The inhibition of survivin did not prevent MC occurrence. Unexpectedly, targeting survivin with YM155 accelerated the death of the MC cells by eliminating senescent cells and strengthening the efficiency of BZML in overcoming the MDR of A549/Taxol cells.Conclusions: Our data suggest that nuclear accumulation of survivin can delay cellular death during MC by promoting the survival of senescent BZML-treated A549/Taxol cells. Further, depending on the dose sequence, combination therapy with YM155 to inhibit survivin might be a new strategy for potentiating BZML-induced MC to overcome MDR during cancer treatment.
Associations of Snoring, Daytime Napping and Night Sleep Duration With Hyperuricemia in Rural Chinese Adults: the Henan Rural Cohort Study
Authors: Dong Xiaokang , Liu Xiaotian , Zhang Lulu , Wang Yan , Tu Runqi , Liao Wei , Wang Yikang , Li Ruiying , Hou Jian , Mao Zhenxing , Wang Chongjian , Li Yuqian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background. Evidence on the association of snoring, daytime napping or sleep duration with hyperuricemia (HUA) was limited, especially in the resources-poor areas. This study aimed to investigate the independent and joint effect of snoring frequency, daytime napping and sleep duration with prevalence of HUA in rural Chinese adults. Methods. 29,643 participants aged 18-79 years were included from baseline survey of the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Sleep variables were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression models with HUA and serum uric acid level as dependent variables were conducted, respectively. Results. Of the 29,643 included adults, 3498 suffered from HUA. Compared to never snoring, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of HUA for rare snoring, occasional snoring and habitual snoring were 1.35 (1.17, 1.56), 1.30 (1.14, 1.47) and 1.59 (1.47, 1.73), respectively. Compared with no napping, participants who had daytime napping of 61-90 and >91 min were associated with 29% and 30% increase in prevalence of HUA, respectively. But in night sleep duration groups, no significant associations were observed (all P>0.05). The positive associations between snoring and HUA were attenuated in older, female adults and those with chronic disease conditions. The joint of habitual snoring and longer daytime napping (≥61min) increased 63% prevalence on HUA. Conclusion. Snoring or daytime napping may independently increase the prevalence of HUA and serum uric acid (SUA) level. Moreover, habitual snoring and longer daytime napping might be jointly associated with a higher prevalence of HUA.Clinical Trial Registration The Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699). http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=11375
Freeze-drying and Hot-pressing Strategy to Embed Two-dimensional Ti0.87O2 Monolayers in Commercial Polypropylene Films With Enhanced Dielectric Properties&nbsp;
Authors: Tian Wenchao , Cai Cailing , Wu Zeyi , Zhang Chenchen , Yin Ting , Lao Sijia , Yan Fei , linfeng Hu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The dielectric capacitor has been widely used in advanced electronic and electrical power systems due to their capability of ultrafast charging-discharging and ultrahigh power density. Nevertheless, their energy density is still limited by the low dielectric constant (≈ 2.2) of the commercial dielectric polypropylene (PP). The conventional enhancement strategy by embedding inorganic fillers in PP matrix is still difficult and challenging due to that PP hardly dissolves in any inorganic/organic solvent. In this work, we develop a new strategy including freeze-drying, surface functionalization and hot-pressing to incorporate Ti0.87O2 monolayers in PP film. A series of uniform composited Ti0.87O2@PP film has been successfully fabricated with Ti0.87O2 content range of 0-15 wt%. The maximum dielectric constant of the as-prepared Ti0.87O2@PP film is 3.27 when the Ti0.87O2 content is 9 wt%, which is about 1.5 times higher than that of pure PP. Our study provides a feasible strategy to embed two-dimensional material into commercial PP thin-film with superior dielectric performance for practical application.