bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do adolescents perceive Chinese and Romanian immigrants? Testing the extended stereotype content model (¿Cómo perciben los adolescentes a los inmigrantes de origen chino y rumano? Una prueba del modelo extendido del contenido de los estereotipos (MCE))
Authors: Constantin Andreea A. , Cuadrado Isabel 
Published: December 2020

This study assessed Spanish adolescents’ ( N = 296) stereotypes of morality, sociability and competence and their emotions towards Romanian ( n = 147) or Chinese immigrants ( n = 149). We also assessed the perceived intergroup competition with these groups and their perceived social status, and we explored the relation of these variables with adolescents’ stereotypes and emotions. As expected, adolescents’ evaluations were influenced by the ethnic origin of the immigrants and their stereotypes regarding each group were ambivalent. Intergroup competition was negatively related to immigrants’ perceived morality and sociability. Outgroup status was positively related to immigrants’ perceived competence. For both groups, stereotypes mediated the effect of socio-structural variables on adolescents’ emotions, but only morality was a consistent mediator in the examined processes. These findings provide information regarding the underlying mechanism of adolescents’ social perception of immigrant outgroups and emphasize the primary role of morality in this process.
Visitors’ satisfaction and evaluation to walk on the trails of forest: evidence from the national forest of Akasawa, Japan
Authors: Zhang T , Deng S Q , Gao Y , Zhang Z , Meng H , Zhang W K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the recent decade, people’s interest for forests has increased tremendously throughout the globe. So, providing good forest landscape space to visitors has become an important issue for the landscape designers. Because, good forest resource planning and development can not only drive the sustainable development of the forest industry, but also its ripple effect can induce improvement in agricultural industry and economy in the region. The present study identified the evaluative behaviors among visitors walking on the trails of Akasawa national recreational forest, the birthplace of forest bathing in Japan. The study determined the factors that influenced the satisfaction rates of the visitors. The significance of this study is not only to improve the planning and design of the forest space itself, but also to provide theoretical guidance for the planning of the regional landscape of the rural areas attached to it. The study results revealed, visitors’ subjects for evaluation changed with the surrounding environment. While visitors appreciated large-scale landscape elements, such as “large-size trees” and “buttress roots” within coniferous forests. They valued small-scale landscape elements such as “flowering plants” within broad-leaved or mixed forests. Another important issue came out as a result of the present study is that the light and dark changes in the forest walking trail can continuously awaken the evaluation behavior of tourists. In this study visitors displayed evaluative behaviors most frequently on the Mukaiyama Course. It is rich in different types of forest stands and has variance illumination levels. Factors that influence the satisfaction rates of visitors were “landscape”, “vegetation”, “trail condition” and “ease of walking”. Factors that influence the frequency of evaluative behaviors included “landscapes” surrounding the trails and “ease of walking”. Through this study we can see that when we need to plan the forest spatial walking trails, it is very necessary to consider small-scale landscape elements, rich in different types of forest stands with varying illumination levels.
Modulation of levamisole and nicotine toxicity in soil nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae by moderate heat stress and ambient pH
Authors: Egorova A V , Kolsanova R R , Belova E B , Khakimova D M , Shagidullin R R , Kalinnikova T B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The influence of moderate heat stress and changes in ambient pH in the range of 6.0 to 8.0 was investigated on two soil nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae). Rise of ambient pH from 6.0 to 8.0 increased the sensitivity of nematodes to agonists of nicotinic cholinoreceptors levamisole (30–120 μM) and nicotine (1–4 mM) by 1.5– 5 folds, but not to acetylcholine esterase inhibitor aldicarb (60–240 μM). An increase in temperature up to 30°C caused a steep rise in sensitivity of C. elegans and C. briggsae to levamisole. The influence of ambient pH on sensitivity of C. elegans and C. briggsae to levamisole at 30°C was similar to that at 22°C. Therefore, mechanisms of sensitization of C. elegans to levamisole toxicity by an increase in pH or by temperature rise are different. The most likely mechanism for the increase in levamisole and nicotine toxicity in C. elegans and C. briggsae by a rise in ambient pH is deprotonation of levamisole and nicotine. This study shows that it is desirable to conduct the evaluation of the biological activity of toxicants in nematodes in the pH range 6.0–8.0, and not at a single pH.
Simulation and experiment of temperature field of different refrigerated trucks
Authors: Zhu Y F , Xie J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Road transportation is an important part of cold chain logistics. In order to study how the flow field and the temperature of the cold source influence the temperature field in the fully loaded car, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology is used to model and numerically simulate the mechanical refrigerated truck, dry ice refrigerated truck, and cold storage refrigerated truck. It found that there was a positive relationship between the cold source temperature and the air in the compartment. The velocity of air contributed to the uniformity of the air temperature in the truck. The location distribution of the cold source also had a certain effect on the temperature distribution of the air in the compartment and the surface temperature of the frozen product. Due to the difficulty of obtaining cold plate refrigerated trucks, the temperature field in vehicles was verified by experiments with mechanical refrigerated trucks and dry ice refrigerated trucks. The maximum absolute errors of each temperature measurement point are 0.94 °C and 1.15 °C, indicating that the numerical simulation results are reliable.
Morphological observations in durum wheat after embryo manipulations
Authors: Savaskan C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In cereals, haploid or diploid embryo structures are suitable organisations in practice for amelioration or storage of genotypes or some other biotechnologies. It is possible to reveal of variation as different genotypes from heterozygote or landraces after making homozygote of recessive alleles by doubling of chromosomes using embryo rescue. In these genotypes, characters can be evaluated as qualitative or quantitatively, for instance; dark purple coleoptile could be observed in some doubled haploid (DH) genotypes. The amount of chlorophyll (a/b) and carotenoid have been evaluated in young leaves in DH-6 and DH-8 and some other durum wheat genotypes, while investigating their tolerances to salinity in laboratory conditions. Colour of grains (amount of carotenoid in harvested grains) in durum genotypes have also been evaluated with field experiment conditions in three different locations of Anatolia and also correlation (r) has been identified with other grain characters related with agronomical values. Here it is possible to determine the rate into correlation (path) of characters and direct and indirect effects of each other. Naturally, the relationships between amount of chlorophyl in young leaves and carotenoid in harvested grains and also harvest index (HI) of genotypes will be able to be interesting subjects to discuss.
Assessment of Groundwater behavior in Kulpahar Watershed, District Mahoba, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Ram A , Tiwari S K , Pandey H K , Chaurasia A K , Chaudhary S K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In hard rock terrain, the groundwater occurs in two zones viz. shallow zone (in overburden) and deeper fractured zones mainly through secondary porosity. The groundwater level through 23 observation wells (fifteen dug wells and eight piezometers) has been monitored during pre and post-monsoon periods. An attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of rainfall on the groundwater level in the hard rock area of Mahoba district in the Bundelkhand region. The study depicts the impact of rainfall over the long-term groundwater level trend and establishes a conceptual structure to understand the hydrological stress conditions. Due to overexploitation, the groundwater condition has reached to the category of a critical stage. The severity and duration of water-level responses to hydrologic stresses have been analyzed statistically as well as graphically. The groundwater level is spatially and temporally variable in hard rock area and essentially depends upon the amount of rainfall, geological condition, and topographic slope. The analyzed rainfall data have been graded as a good year and bad year based on the amount of precipitation. The long-term groundwater level trend (2006-2016) indicates a sharp decline in groundwater level trend in the western part due to higher base flow and poor recharge. On the other hand, due to the presence of thicker overburden and runoff accumulation therein, the groundwater level is rising in the northern part of the study area. It also validates that there is very fair control of slope and thickness of overburden on the groundwater regime apart from the rainfall.
Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Localization of Regional Pyritization Zones – Constraints from Early Mesozoic Deposition in the Chay–Yureya Fault of the Kular-Nera Terrane, NE Russia
Authors: Fridovsky Valery Yu. , Polufuntikova Lena I. , Tarasov Yaroslav A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Early Mesozoic clastic rocks the Kular-Nera terrane in the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma orogenic belt, northeast Russia, exhibit regional sulfidation zones. The most abundant mineral of the zones is pyrite. However, its origin (sedimentary-diagenetic, metamorphogenic-hydrothermal, metasomatic) and contribution to the formation of economically important gold deposits remain debatable. The localization of the sulfidation zones is still poorly understood. We have studied geological-structural and mineralogical-geochemical features of pyritization zones in bedrock outcrops on Khara-Yuryakh creek (a right-side tributary of the Nera river) within the Kular-Nera terrane, Verkhoyansk-Kolyma folded area. The pyritization zones are distant from the known gold deposits, and they extend along the Chay-Yureya regional fault. The deformation structure of the clastic rocks of the Chay-Yureya fault is defined by different-aged fold-thrust and strike-slip elements. The early deformations are isoclinal and tight folds up to a few hundred meters wide, with rounded and sharp crests and subhorizontal hinges. The early folds were refolded so that their crests may be seen on the limbs of later folds of the same NW strike. These structures were formed in the conditions of progressive deformation D1 in course of a single continuous (non-stop) tectonic regime during the frontal convergence of the Kolyma-Omolon superterrane with the eastern margin of the Siberian craton. These are commonly inclined or, more rarely, recumbent folds. Also present are late folds associated with dextral and sinistral strike-slip motions on the Chay-Yureya fault. The sulfide mineralization of the Chay-Yureya fault is represented by the disseminated idiomorphic pyrite crystals 1 to 10 mm in size. Metapyrites exhibit a cataclastic microtexture complicated by later corrosion processes. They contain zircon, rutile, and monazite microinclusions entrained in the process of growth. Microinclusions of galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and other late sulfides are confined to defects in the pyrite grains. The chemical composition of pyrite was determined on the Camebax-Micro microanalyzer, using a standard X-ray spectral analysis (DPMGI, SB RAS, Yakutsk). Most of the grains have a stoichiometric composition. 30 percent of the analyses showed excess Fe. Metacrystals of pyrite demonstrate variations in the concentration of trace elements, which often leads to chemical zonality. Our investigations showed that pyritization zones of the rocks are localized in the trans-crustal Chay-Yureya fault which served as a transit path for ascending regional fluid flows. Typomorphic trace elements found in pyrites are Co, Ni, As, Sb, and Cu, with the total amount of 0.1 to 0.4%. They are characterized by the low concentrations and nonuniform distribution. Zonality in the distribution of trace elements is attributable to the poly-
Heat Flow in SW of Galicia And NW of Portugal. The Interpretation of a Seismic Anomaly
Authors: Duque Maria Rosa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Four heat flow density values and five temperature-depth profiles were obtained in a heterogeneous region considering heat flow by conduction in the vertical direction, and heat sources in the crust due to radioactivity decay. The heat produced in the upper layers of the crust was obtained based on gamma-ray charts and published data of laboratory radioactivity measurements on samples taken from the region. Seismic data were used to obtain the thickness of the different layers of the upper and middle crust and the depth of the Moho discontinuity considered coincident with the crust/mantle boundary. The heat flow at the surface is obtained by adding the heat flow from the mantle with the heat generated by the radioactive sources in the crust. The method was applied to a region with one measured heat flow density value (Ourense) and four points without any heat flow density measurement. A heat flow value from the mantle was obtained with Ourense data. Special attention was given to a region (A) with a seismic anomaly near the surface. The anomaly was explained by mass deficit near the surface that gives rise to an abnormal density value and an increase in seismic wave velocity values. The decrease in density is due to the presence of water in the region forming an aquifer. Geothermometer values obtained from samples of water in the thermal springs of Tuy (Spain) and Monção (Portugal) were used as the water temperature at the bottom of the aquifer. Isostatic balance in the region was considered to obtain density values and the amount of water in the region. Thermal conductivity and radioactivity heat source values in the region were obtained considering the amount of water in the region. Values from 86 to 97 mW/m2 were obtained using the same value of heat flow from the mantle. This is due to different values of heat produced in the crust due to different thickness layer values or/and to different heat production values.
Analysis of Tectonic Ore-Controlling Factors Using of Geophysical Data on the Example of the Elkon Ore District (Aldan Shield, North-Asian Craton)
Authors: Loskutov Evgeny 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The author investigated the gravitational and the magnetically fields of the Elkon ore unit. The gold-uranium deposits of the Elkon ore district this is unique of his scale and matching with biggest ore units of world. The study of the regularities of forms, location and direction of extension of tectonic ore-controlling structures in magnetic and gravitational fields, the study of their transformation using Surfer 8, Koscad 3D and ArcGIS. As a result, the author obtained get two-dimensional autocorrelation functions, local and regional components of geophysical fields, and their gradients. The most informative transformations of fields are regional component of the magnetically field and local component of the gravitational field by results statistical analysis to study the tectonic structure like Elkon ore unit.
Soil Moisture Simulation in Selected Austrian Catchements With Use of the Tuw Conceptual Semi-Distributed Rainfall Runoff Model
Authors: Kubáň Martin , Brziak Adam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, hydrological rainfall-runoff models are routinely used for modelling hydrological balances, the generation of floods, or droughts. For decades numerous rainfallrunoff models have been tested with many calibration procedures and different model structures. However, for rainfall-runoff, it is challenging to find a particular model structure and parameter set that can correctly describe the complicated flow formation processes in diverse physiographic conditions. Improvements to existing rainfall-runoff modelling concepts and data assimilation are therefore continuously being tested. In recent years, remote sensing has played an increasing role in the surveying of hydrological phenomena. Remote sensing of soil moisture data can be very helpful because soil moisture measurements in field conditions are not always straightforward. The quality of remotely sensed data is rising; nowadays, we can routinely start using data with proper spatial and temporal resolutions. In this paper, we have focused on an evaluation of the parametrisation of the soil moisture submodel of the TUW rainfall-runoff model by remotely sensed soil moisture data. We calibrated the TUW model for three selected catchments in Austria with flat hypsometric characteristics using discharges as a criterion. For the calibration, we used both the lumped and semi-distributed model versions of the model and compared the quality of the soil moisture of both versions. Both the lumped and semi-distributed versions performed well in the discharge simulation. In the case of the soil moisture simulation, we achieved slightly better results with the semi-distributed version of the model. Difficulties with accessing the data from the remote sensing are discussed since remote sensing sensors still have problems when clouds and snow cover the catchments.
Comparison of measured and simulated snow cover occurrence using two versions of the TUW hydrological model
Authors: Brziak Adam , Kohnová Silvia , Kubáň Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent rapid developments in the hydrological sciences are markedly related to the development of mathematical modeling and its application in engineering practice, e.g., for the purposes of hydrological forecasting, the extrapolation of hydrological data over time and in space, as well as the estimation of hydrological extremes. Simulation of the water balance is also important for the effective management of water resources. Snow accumulation and melting fundamentally affect the water balance and belong among the most important components of the hydrological cycle. Snowmelt is a significant source of runoff, especially in mountainous regions. The basic snow cover characteristics are the bulk density of the snow, the snow water equivalent, and the height of the snow. This paper is focused on a comparison of snow cover occurrences as simulated by the TUW lumped and semi-distributed conceptual models, with measured values of the snow depths for two selected Austrian river basins. For the comparison, two types of catchments with flat and hilly characters were selected. The results show that the semi-distributed version of the TUW model simulates the occurrence of snow cover more accurately on both flat and hilly catchments. The spatially differentiated model inputs allow for a more representative representation of snow accumulation and melting than using lumped model inputs.
Europeanisation of energy policy and area-based partnerships: Regional diversity of interest in renewable energy sources in local development strategies in Poland
Authors: Furmankiewicz Marek , Hewitt Richard J. , Janc Krzysztof , Kazak Jan K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCross-sectoral partnerships, known as Local Action Groups (LAGs), are a key pillar of the European Union’s Community-Led Local Development approach in member states. LAGs prepare bottom-up territorial strategies, having a relatively high degree of freedom to set their own development goals and the scope of the activities for which they receive EU funding. In this sense, there is clear potential for LAGs to implement local scale initiatives around renewable energies (RE). To understand the scope and extent of such bottom-up initiatives in Poland, we analyse the regional diversity of operations in RE in the local development strategies of 324 LAGs prepared for the EU Programming Period 2014–2020. Specifically, we analysed whether local communities planned to undertake educational actions or investments related to RE in their strategies. Content analysis shows a relatively low interest in this subject by the communities analysed at the time their strategies were prepared. Across the country, educational activities related to RE were planned in 13% of strategies and investments related to RE in only 9% of them. Possible reasons for the generally low local interest in RE may relate to the levels of education and income of local communities. However, the regional disparities could be the result of the individual policy of regional authorities. We discuss the possible causes of this apparent lack of interest in RE among local communities in the context of EU-wide efforts for a low-carbon economy. Alternative policy instruments, or more precise targeting of rural development funding to sustainable energy may be needed to accelerate the transition to low-carbon energy sources in Poland.
“Private” JPEG Images for Earth Science Purposes
Authors: Carpentieri Bruno 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The 5G era that is about to come will exponentially increase the amount of digital data produced. Already, the giant amount of digital data that is produced every day by sensors, users and digital devices has called for scalable and efficient decentralized approaches to data storage and elaboration and to a Fog/Edge computing paradigm that requires efficient networking and storage for better services related to the compression and security of digital data. In this paper, we will explore a unified approach that merges compression and security in one step, by reviewing the current research in this field and by presenting new experimental evidence and new ideas for secure compression of two-dimensional data (for instance digital images). The purpose of our study is also the masking and unmasking of the sensitive biometric data, i.e. face and eyes, that are contained within a JPEG image that contains human faces.