bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
اسم (الرحمن) في القرآن، الدلالة والسياق: دراسة موضوعية
Authors: al-Majali Muhammad Khazir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper examines one of Allah’s names (Al-Raḥmān, the Merciful), and the unique manner in which it appears within some verses, in contexts that do not reflect its meaning – derived from ‘Mercy’. In light of multiple perspectives by scholars on this, it was imperative to read into the name’s mention in the Quran, study what has been introduced by scholars, and differentiate Al-Raḥmān from Al-Raḥīm (also derived from Mercy). Additionally, it was important to examine the various contexts to better comprehend the name’s definition and address the primary question of why it appears in contexts that do not reflect its original meaning. This paper also sheds light on Surah Al-Raḥmān, as it bears the name, in search for some of its secrets. The study concluded that the placement of the name did not contradict its linguistic status. Appearing in varying contexts is intended as a message, to remind of Allah’s mercy and grace, and that Islam is built on the principle of mercy, which is a message to all humanity, Muslims and particularly preachers, to embody the mercy that Allah sent His Messenger (PBUH).
A Variational Method for Analyzing Vortex Flows in Radar-Scanned Tornadic Mesocyclones. Part I: Formulations and Theoretical Considerations
Authors: Xu Qin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA variational method is formulated with theoretical considerations for analyzing vortex flows in Doppler radar–scanned tornadic mesocyclones. The method has the following features. (i) The vortex center axis (estimated as a continuous function of time and height in the four-dimensional space) is used as the vertical coordinate, so the coordinate system used for the analysis is slantwise curvilinear and nonorthogonal in general. (ii) The vortex flow (VF), defined by the three-dimensional vector wind minus the horizontal moving velocity of vortex center axis, is expressed in terms of the covariant basis vectors (tangent to the coordinate curves), so its axisymmetric part can be properly defined in that slantwise-curvilinear coordinate system. (iii) To satisfy the mass continuity automatically, the axisymmetric part is expressed by the scalar fields of azimuthally averaged tangential velocity and cylindrical streamfunction and the remaining asymmetric part is expressed by the scalar fields of streamfunction and vertically integrated velocity potential. (iv) VF-dependent covariance functions are formulated for these scalar variables and then deconvoluted to construct the square root of background error covariance matrix analytically with the latter used to transform the control vector to precondition the cost function. (v) The deconvoluted covariance functions and their transformed control variables satisfy two required boundary conditions (i.e., zero vertical velocity at the lower rigid boundary and zero cross-axis velocity along the vortex center axis), so the analyzed VF satisfies not only the mass continuity but also the two boundary conditions automatically.
The Modulation of Daily Southern Africa Precipitation by El Niño–Southern Oscillation across the Summertime Wet Season
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Gaughan Andrea E. , Magadzire Tamuka , Harrison Laura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe spatiotemporal evolution of daily southern Africa precipitation characteristics, and associated atmospheric circulation, related to El Niño and La Niña is examined across the region’s November–April wet season. Precipitation characteristics are examined in terms of monthly changes in daily average precipitation, the number of precipitation days, and the number of heavy precipitation days in three independently constructed estimates of observed precipitation during 1983–2018. Mechanisms related to precipitation changes, including contributions from mass divergence, water vapor transports, and transient eddies, are diagnosed using the atmospheric moisture budget based on the ERA5 reanalysis. El Niño is related to precipitation anomalies that build during December–March, the core of the rainy season, culminating in significantly below average values stretching across a semiarid region from central Mozambique to southeastern Angola. A broad anticyclone centered over Botswana drives these precipitation anomalies primarily through anomalous mass divergence, with moisture advection and transient eddies playing secondary roles. La Niña is related to significantly above average daily precipitation characteristics over all Africa south of 20°S in February and much less so during the other five months. February precipitation anomalies are primarily driven through mass divergence due to a strong anomalous cyclonic circulation, whereas a similar circulation is more diffuse during the other months. The spatiotemporal evolutions of anomalies in daily precipitation characteristics across southern Africa related to El Niño and La Niña are not equal and opposite. The robustness of an asymmetric evolution, which could have implications for subseasonal forecasts, needs to be confirmed with analysis of additional empirical data and established with climate model experimentation.
Classification of Precipitation Type in North China Using Model-Based Explicit Fields of Hydrometeors with Modified Thermodynamic Conditions
Authors: Yang Lu , Chen Mingxuan , Wang Xiaoli , Song Linye , Yang Meilin , Qin Rui , Cheng Conglan , Li Siteng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ability to forecast thermodynamic conditions aloft and near the surface is critical to the accurate forecasting of precipitation type at the surface. This paper presents an experimental version of a new scheme for diagnosing precipitation type. The method considers the optimum surface temperature threshold associated with each precipitation type and combines model-based explicit fields of hydrometeors with higher-resolution modified thermodynamic and topographic information to determine precipitation types in North China. Based on over 60 years of precipitation-type samples from North China, this study explores the climatological characteristics of the five precipitation types—snow, rain, ice pellets (IP), rain/snow mix (R/S MIX), and freezing rain (FZ)—as well as the suitable air temperature Ta and wet-bulb temperature Tw thresholds for distinguishing different precipitation types. Direct output from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, such as temperature and humidity, was modified by downscaling and bias correction, as well as by incorporating the latest surface observational data and high-resolution topographic data. Validation of the precipitation-type forecasts from this scheme was performed against observations from the 2016 to 2019 winter seasons and two case studies were also analyzed. Compared with the similar diagnostic routine in the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) forecasting system used to predict precipitation type over North China, the skill of the method proposed here is similar for rain and better for snow, R/S MIX, and FZ. Furthermore, depiction of the diagnosed boundary between R/S MIX and snow is good in most areas. However, the number of misclassifications for R/S MIX is significantly larger than for rain and snow.
Risk stratification scores for patients with acute heart failure in the Emergency Department: A systematic review
Authors: Miró Òscar , Rossello Xavier , Platz Elke , Masip Josep , Gualandro Danielle M , Peacock W Frank , Price Susanna , Cullen Louise , DiSomma Salvatore , de Oliveira Jr Mucio Tavares , McMurray John JV , Martín-Sánchez Francisco J , Maisel Alan S , Vrints Christiaan , Cowie Martin R , Bueno Héctor , Mebazaa Alexandre , Mueller Christian ,   The Study Group on Acute Heart Failure of the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Published: November 2020

Aims
This study aimed to systematically identify and summarise all risk scores evaluated in the emergency department setting to stratify acute heart failure patients.

Methods and results
A systematic review of PubMed and Web of Science was conducted including all multicentre studies reporting the use of risk predictive models in emergency department acute heart failure patients. Exclusion criteria were: (a) non-original articles; (b) prognostic models without predictive purposes; and (c) risk models without consecutive patient inclusion or exclusively tested in patients admitted to a hospital ward. We identified 28 studies reporting findings on 19 scores: 13 were originally derived in the emergency department (eight exclusively using acute heart failure patients), and six in emergency department and hospitalised patients. The outcome most frequently predicted was 30-day mortality. The performance of the scores tended to be higher for outcomes occurring closer to the index acute heart failure event. The eight scores developed using acute heart failure patients only in the emergency department contained between 4–13 predictors (age, oxygen saturation and creatinine/urea included in six scores). Five scores (Emergency Heart Failure Mortality Risk Grade, Emergency Heart Failure Mortality Risk Grade 30 Day mortality ST depression, Epidemiology of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency department 3 Day, Acute Heart Failure Risk Score, and Multiple Estimation of risk based on Emergency department Spanish Score In patients with Acute Heart Failure) have been externally validated in the same country, and two (Emergency Heart Failure Mortality Risk Grade and Multiple Estimation of risk based on Emergency department Spanish Score In patients with Acute Heart Failure) further internationally validated. The c-statistic for Emergency Heart Failure Mortality Risk Grade to predict seven-day mortality was between 0.74–0.81 and for Multiple Estimation of risk based on Emergency department Spanish Score In patients with Acute Heart Failure to predict 30-day mortality was 0.80–0.84.

Conclusions
There are several scales for risk stratification of emergency department acute heart failure patients. Two of them are accurate, have been adequately validated and may be useful in clinical decision-making in the emergency department i.e. about whether to admit or discharge.
Halting the FGF/FGFR axis leads to antitumor activity in Waldenström macroglobulinemia by silencing MYD88
Authors: Sacco Antonio , Federico Cinzia , Giacomini Arianna , Caprio Cinzia , Maccarinelli Federica , Todoerti Katia , Favasuli Vanessa , Anastasia Antonella , Motta Marina , Russo Domenico , Rossi Giuseppe , Bozza Nicole , Castelli Riccardo , Neri Antonino , Ronca Roberto , Cattaneo Chiara , Tucci Alessandra , Mor Marco , Presta Marco , Roccaro Aldo M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The human fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) axis deregulation is largely involved in supporting the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies, including Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). WM is still an incurable disease, and patients succumb because of disease progression. Therefore, novel therapeutics designed to specifically target deregulated signaling pathways in WM are required. We aimed to investigate the role of FGF/FGFR system blockade in WM by using a pan-FGF trap molecule (NSC12). Wide-transcriptome profiling confirmed inhibition of FGFR signaling in NSC12-treated WM cells; unveiling a significant inhibition of MYD88 was also confirmed at the protein level. Importantly, the NSC12-dependent silencing of MYD88 was functionally active, as it led to inhibition of MYD88-driven pathways, such as BTK and SYK, as well as the MYD88-downstream target HCK. Of note, both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB cascades were downregulated in WM cells upon NSC12 treatment. Functional sequelae exerted by NSC12 in WM cells were studied, demonstrating significant inhibition of WM cell growth, induction of WM cell apoptosis, halting MAPK, JAK/STAT3, and PI3K-Akt pathways. Importantly, NSC12 exerted an anti-WM effect even in the presence of bone marrow microenvironment, both in vitro and in vivo. Our studies provide the evidence for using NSC12 as a specific FGF/FGFR system inhibitor, thus representing a novel therapeutic strategy in WM.
CC-90009, a novel cereblon E3 ligase modulator, targets acute myeloid leukemia blasts and leukemia stem cells
Authors: Surka Christine , Jin Liqing , Mbong Nathan , Lu Chin-Chun , Jang In Sock , Rychak Emily , Mendy Derek , Clayton Thomas , Tindall Elizabeth , Hsu Christy , Fontanillo Celia , Tran Eileen , Contreras Adrian , Ng Stanley W. K. , Matyskiela Mary , Wang Kai , Chamberlain Philip , Cathers Brian , Carmichael James , Hansen Joshua , Wang Jean C. Y. , Minden Mark D. , Fan Jinhong , Pierce Daniel W. , Pourdehnad Michael , Rolfe Mark , Lopez-Girona Antonia , Dick John E. , Lu Gang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A number of clinically validated drugs have been developed by repurposing the CUL4-DDB1-CRBN-RBX1 (CRL4CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with molecular glue degraders to eliminate disease-driving proteins. Here, we present the identification of a first-in-class GSPT1-selective cereblon E3 ligase modulator, CC-90009. Biochemical, structural, and molecular characterization demonstrates that CC-90009 coopts the CRL4CRBN to selectively target GSPT1 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Depletion of GSPT1 by CC-90009 rapidly induces acute myeloid leukemia (AML) apoptosis, reducing leukemia engraftment and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in large-scale primary patient xenografting of 35 independent AML samples, including those with adverse risk features. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen for effectors of CC-90009 response, we uncovered the ILF2 and ILF3 heterodimeric complex as a novel regulator of cereblon expression. Knockout of ILF2/ILF3 decreases the production of full-length cereblon protein via modulating CRBN messenger RNA alternative splicing, leading to diminished response to CC-90009. The screen also revealed that the mTOR signaling and the integrated stress response specifically regulate the response to CC-90009 in contrast to other cereblon modulators. Hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway by inactivation of TSC1 and TSC2 protected against the growth inhibitory effect of CC-90009 by reducing CC-90009-induced binding of GSPT1 to cereblon and subsequent GSPT1 degradation. On the other hand, GSPT1 degradation promoted the activation of the GCN1/GCN2/ATF4 pathway and subsequent apoptosis in AML cells. Collectively, CC-90009 activity is mediated by multiple layers of signaling networks and pathways within AML blasts and LSCs, whose elucidation gives insight into further assessment of CC-90009s clinical utility. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02848001 and #NCT04336982).
Altered phenotype in LMAN1-deficient mice with low levels of residual LMAN1 expression
Authors: Everett Lesley A. , Khoriaty Rami N. , Zhang Bin , Ginsburg David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCombined deficiency of coagulation factors V and VIII (F5F8D) is an autosomal recessive bleeding disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in either LMAN1 or MCFD2. The latter genes encode 2 components of a mammalian cargo receptor that facilitates secretion of coagulation factor V (FV) and factor VIII (FVIII) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi via coat protein complex II vesicles. F5F8D patients exhibit FV and FVIII levels that are ∼10% to 15% of normal. We report herein a comparative analysis for a series of murine Lman1 alleles. Consistent with previous reports, mice completely deficient in LMAN1 (Lman1−/−) exhibit ∼50% FV and FVIII levels. In contrast, mice carrying a hypomorphic Lman1 allele (Lman1cgt/cgt) that expresses ∼6% to 8% of wild-type Lman1 mRNA levels exhibit intermediate plasma FV and FVIII reductions (∼70% of wild-type levels). Lman1−/− mice exhibit ER accumulation of another LMAN1 cargo, alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT), with an intermediate level of A1AT ER retention observed in Lman1cgt/cgt mice. Finally, the previously reported strain-specific, partially penetrant, perinatal lethality of LMAN1-deficient mice (Lman1gt1/gt1) was confirmed in Lman1−/− mice, although it was not observed in Lman1cgt/cgt mice. Taken together, these results show a dose-dependent effect of residual LMAN1 on the secretion of its cargo proteins. The results also suggest that human subjects with hypomorphic LMAN1 mutations might present with mild bleeding phenotypes resulting from more modest reductions in FV and FVIII, which could be missed by routine clinical evaluation. Finally, these findings suggest that therapeutic targeting of LMAN1 to reduce FV and FVIII as an anticoagulant strategy may only require partial inhibition of LMAN1 function.
The clinical spectrum of ocular bartonellosis: a retrospective study at a tertiary centre in Malaysia
Authors: Tey Michele Shi-Ying , Govindasamy Gayathri , Vendargon Francesca Martina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a systemic illness caused by the gram-negative bacillus, Bartonella henselea, which can occasionally involve the ocular structures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the various clinical presentations of ocular bartonellosis at our institution. A retrospective review of the clinical records of 13 patients (23 eyes) with ocular manifestations of Bartonella infections over a 3-year period between January 2016 to December 2018 was undertaken at our institution.

Results
The diagnosis was made based on clinical findings and in addition, with the support of the evidence of Bartonella hensalae IgG and/or IgM. Small retinal white lesions were the most common ocular findings in this series of patients (82.6% of eyes, 76.9% of patients). Neuroretinitis was the second most common finding (47.8% of eyes, 69.2% of patients), followed by exudative retinal detachment involving the macula (34.8% of eyes, 53.8% of patients) and Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome (17.4% of eyes, 23.1% of patients). Other findings like isolated optic disc oedema without macular star (8.7% of eyes, 15.4% of patients) and vitritis (4.3% of eyes, 7.7% of patients) were also observed. Ten patients (76.9%) had bilateral ocular involvement. Most of the patients were young, immunocompetent and had systemic symptoms like fever prior to their ocular symptoms. The visual acuity (VA) at initial presentation ranged from 6/6 to hand movement (mean, 6/20), and at final visit 6/6 to 6/60, (mean, 6/9). 91.7% of patients were treated with antibiotics. Only 2 patients received oral corticosteroids together with antibiotics due to very poor vision on presentation. The visual prognosis of ocular bartonellosis is generally good with 16 (88.9%) of 23 eyes having VA of 6/12 or better at final follow-up visit.

Conclusion
Small foci of retinal white lesions were the most common manifestation of ocular bartonellosis in this series, followed by neuroretinitis, though an array of other ocular findings may also occur. Therefore, we should consider bartonella infection as a possible differential diagnosis in those patients.
Predictive accuracy of a hierarchical logistic model of cumulative SARS-CoV-2 case growth until May 2020
Authors: Kriston Levente 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Infectious disease predictions models, including virtually all epidemiological models describing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, are rarely evaluated empirically. The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive accuracy of a prognostic model for forecasting the development of the cumulative number of reported SARS-CoV-2 cases in countries and administrative regions worldwide until the end of May 2020.

Methods
The cumulative number of reported SARS-CoV-2 cases was forecasted in 251 regions with a horizon of two weeks, one month, and two months using a hierarchical logistic model at the end of March 2020. Forecasts were compared to actual observations by using a series of evaluation metrics.

Results
On average, predictive accuracy was very high in nearly all regions at the two weeks forecast, high in most regions at the one month forecast, and notable in the majority of the regions at the two months forecast. Higher accuracy was associated with the availability of more data for estimation and with a more pronounced cumulative case growth from the first case to the date of estimation. In some strongly affected regions, cumulative case counts were considerably underestimated.

Conclusions
With keeping its limitations in mind, the investigated model may be used for the preparation and distribution of resources during the initial phase of epidemics. Future research should primarily address the model’s assumptions and its scope of applicability. In addition, establishing a relationship with known mechanisms and traditional epidemiological models of disease transmission would be desirable.
Association between platelet count and mucosal healing in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Furukawa Shinya , Yagi Sen , Shiraishi Kana , Mori Kenichirou , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Kawasaki Keitarou , Mizukami Yuji , Suzuki Seiyuu , Uraoka Masayoshi , Shibata Naozumi , Nakamura Sanae , Imamine Satoshi , Murakami Hidehiro , Ohashi Katsuhisa , Torisu Masamoto , Hasebe Aki , Yano Harumi , Murakami Masato , Takeshita Eiji , Ikeda Yoshio , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Mucosal healing (MH) has been indicated as the therapeutic goal for ulcerative colitis (UC). Platelet count is known as an inflammation evaluation. However, the association between platelet count and MH among patients with UC is still scarce. We therefore assessed this issue among Japanese patients with UC.

Methods
The study subjects consisted of 345 Japanese patients with UC. Platelet count was divided into quartiles on the basis of the distribution of all study subjects (low, moderate, high, and very high). Several endoscope specialists were responsible for evaluating MH and partial MH, which was defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 and 0–1, respectively. Estimations of crude odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for partial MH and MH in relation to platelet count were performed using logistic regression analysis. Age, sex, CRP, steroid use, and anti-Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) preparation were selected a priori as potential confounding factors.

Results
The percentage of partial MH and MH were 63.2 and 26.1%, respectively. Moderate and very high was independently inversely associated with partial MH (moderate: OR 0.40 [95%CI 0.19–0.810], very high: OR 0.37 [95%CI 0.17–0.77], p for trend = 0.034). Similarly, moderate, high, and very high were independently inversely associated with MH (moderate: OR 0.37 [95% CI 0.18–0.73], high: OR 0.41 [95% CI 0.19–0.83], and very high: OR 0.45 [95% CI 0.21–0.94], p for trend = 0.033) after adjustment for confounding factors.

Conclusions
Among patients with UC, platelet count was independently inversely associated with MH