bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parallel and non-parallel changes of the gut microbiota during trophic diversification in repeated young adaptive radiations of sympatric cichlid fish
Authors: Härer Andreas , Torres-Dowdall Julián , Rometsch Sina J. , Yohannes Elizabeth , Machado-Schiaffino Gonzalo , Meyer Axel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent increases in understanding the ecological and evolutionary roles of microbial communities have underscored the importance of their hosts’ biology. Yet, little is known about gut microbiota dynamics during the early stages of ecological diversification and speciation. We sequenced the V4 region of the 16s rRNA gene to study the gut microbiota of Nicaraguan Midas cichlid fish (Amphilophus cf. citrinellus). Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that parallel divergence in trophic ecology in extremely young adaptive radiations from two crater lakes is associated with parallel changes of their gut microbiota.

Results
Bacterial communities of fish guts and lake water were highly distinct, indicating that the gut microbiota is shaped by host-specific factors. Among individuals of the same crater lake, differentiation in trophic ecology was weakly associated with gut microbiota differentiation, suggesting that diet, to some extent, affects the gut microbiota. However, differences in trophic ecology were much more pronounced across than within species whereas similar patterns were not observed for taxonomic and functional differences of the gut microbiota. Across the two crater lakes, we could not detect conclusive evidence for parallel changes of the gut microbiota associated with trophic ecology.

Conclusions
A lack of clearly differentiated niches during the early stages of ecological diversification might result in non-parallel changes of gut microbial communities, as observed in our study system as well as in other recently diverged fish species.
Regional venous–arterial CO2 to arterial–venous O2 content difference ratio in experimental circulatory shock and hypoxia
Authors: Corrêa Thiago Domingos , Pereira Adriano José , Takala Jukka , Jakob Stephan Mathias 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Venous–arterial carbon dioxide (CO2) to arterial–venous oxygen (O2) content difference ratio (Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2) > 1 is supposed to be both sensitive and specific for anaerobic metabolism. What regional hemodynamic and metabolic parameters determine the ratio has not been clarified.

Objectives
To address determinants of systemic and renal, spleen, gut and liver Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2.

Methods
Post hoc analysis of original data from published experimental studies aimed to address effects of different fluid resuscitation strategies on oxygen transport, lactate metabolism and organ dysfunction in fecal peritonitis and endotoxin infusion, and from animals in cardiac tamponade or hypoxic hypoxia. Systemic and regional hemodynamics, blood flow, lactate uptake, carbon dioxide and oxygen-derived variables were determined. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were fit to assess contributors to systemic and regional Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2.

Results
Median (range) of pooled systemic Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 in 64 pigs was 1.02 (0.02 to 3.84). While parameters reflecting regional lactate exchange were variably associated with the respective regional Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 ratios, only regional ratios were independently correlated with systemic ratio: renal Cv-aCO2 /Ca-vO2 (β = 0.148, 95% CI 0.062 to 0.234; p = 0.001), spleen Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 (β = 0.065, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.127; p = 0.042), gut Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 (β = 0.117, 95% CI 0.025 to 0.209; p = 0.013), liver Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 (β = − 0.159, 95% CI − 0.297 to − 0.022; p = 0.023), hepatosplanchnic Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 (β = 0.495, 95% CI 0.205 to 0.786; p = 0.001).

Conclusion
In a mixed set of animals in different shock forms or during hypoxic injury, hepatosplanchnic Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 ratio had the strongest independent association with systemic Cv-aCO2/Ca-vO2, while no independent association was demonstrated for lactate or hemodynamic variables.
Public perception of human trafficking: a case study of Moldova
Authors: Bogdan Ludmila 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For two decades, counter-trafficking organizations have been operating under the assumption that rural populations are less informed about human trafficking. Based on a public survey of 300 people in Moldova, I found that anti-trafficking organizations operating in Moldova have flawed assumptions about the public knowledge. Findings show that rural people are, in fact, more knowledgeable about human trafficking than other surveyed groups. In-depth interviews revealed that these people are more informed than others because (1) anti-trafficking organizations mainly have targeted them, (2) they are more likely to know families who have lost members to the traffickers, (3) they tend to think of themselves more likely to be trafficked because they share the same characteristics with the trafficked victims. These findings suggest that counter-trafficking organizations have to revise their anti-trafficking efforts and re-conceptualize the targeted population for their work to be more efficient in tackling this problem.
Excess mortality associated with eating disorders: population-based cohort study
Authors: Iwajomo Tomisin , Bondy Susan J. , de Oliveira Claire , Colton Patricia , Trottier Kathryn , Kurdyak Paul 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundIndividuals with eating disorders have a high mortality risk. Few population-based studies have estimated this risk in eating disorders other than anorexia nervosa.AimsTo investigate all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort of individuals who received hospital-based care for an eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or eating disorder not otherwise specified) in Ontario, Canada.MethodWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 19 041 individuals with an eating disorder from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2013 using administrative healthcare data. The outcome of interest was death. Excess mortality was assessed using standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and potential years of life lost (PYLL). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine sociodemographic and medical comorbidities associated with greater mortality risk.ResultsThe cohort had 17 108 females (89.9%) and 1933 males (10.1%). The all-cause mortality for the entire cohort was five times higher than expected compared with the Ontario population (SMR = 5.06; 95% CI 4.82–5.30). SMRs were higher for males (SMR = 7.24; 95% CI 6.58–7.96) relative to females (SMR = 4.59; 95% CI 4.34–4.85) overall, and in all age groups in the cohort. For both genders, the cohort PYLL was more than six times higher than the expected PYLL in the Ontario population.ConclusionsPatients with eating disorders diagnosed in hospital settings experience five to seven times higher mortality rates compared with the overall population. There is an urgent need to understand the mortality risk factors to improve health outcomes among individuals with eating disorders.
Predicting Unacceptable Pain in Cardiac Surgery Patients Receiving Morphine Maintenance and Rescue Doses: A Model-Based Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis
Authors: Goulooze Sebastiaan C. , Krekels Elke H. , Saleh Mohammed A. , Ahlers Sabine J. , Välitalo Pyry A. , van Dongen Eric P. , van Schaik Ron H. , Hankemeier Thomas , Tibboel Dick , Knibbe Catherijne A. J. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Optimal analgesic treatment following cardiac surgery is crucial for both patient comfort and successful postoperative recovery. While knowledge of both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of analgesics is required to predict optimal drug dosing, models quantifying the pharmacodynamics are scarce. Here, we quantify the pharmacodynamics of morphine by modeling the need for rescue morphine to treat unacceptable pain in 118 patients after cardiac surgery.

METHODS:
The rescue morphine event data were analyzed with repeated time-to-event (RTTE) modeling using NONMEM. Postoperative pain titration protocol consisted of continuous morphine infusions (median duration 20.5 hours) with paracetamol 4 times daily and rescue morphine in case of unacceptable pain (numerical rating scale ≥4).

RESULTS:
Patients had a median age of 73 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 63–77) and median bodyweight of 80 kg (IQR: 72–90 kg). Most patients (55%) required at least 1 rescue morphine dose. The hazard for rescue morphine following cardiac surgery was found to be significantly influenced by time after surgery, a day/night cycle with a peak at 23:00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 19:35–02:03) each day, and an effect of morphine concentration with 50% hazard reduction at 9.3 ng·mL−1 (95% CI, 6.7–16).

CONCLUSIONS:
The pharmacodynamics of morphine after cardiac surgery was successfully quantified using RTTE modeling. Future studies can be used to expand the model to better predict morphine’s pharmacodynamics on the individual level and to include the pharmacodynamics of other analgesics so that improved postoperative pain treatment protocols can be developed.
Whale Falls, Suspended Ground, and Extinctions Never Known
Authors: Bastian Michelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article contributes to work within extinction studies by asking how one might “story” extinctions of creatures that have been, and will remain, unknown. It grapples with losses that have been unrecorded, unmissed, and unrecognizable via the “lively ethography” approach to storying extinction. This approach, developed by Deborah Bird Rose and Thom van Dooren, seeks to draw readers into imaginative encounters with embodied, specific, and lively creatures to support situated ethical responses. While at first this approach might seem antithetical to exploring unknown extinctions, this article argues that it can provide an important stimulus for developing a situated approach to losses that are often thought of in terms of undifferentiated masses. The article’s focus is on the recently discovered ecosystems of creatures that live on the remnants of dead whales on the sea floor, which are known as “whale falls.” It reads these ecosystems via a notion of “suspended ground,” which brings together philosopher Mick Smith’s rethinking of an ethics of encounter with unknown soil extinctions and Stacy Alaimo’s concept of “suspension.” The article argues that engaging with ethographic writing from this perspective enables one to weave a more explicit account of the mysterious and the unknown into the approach.
A New Vagina Didn't Make Her Sad (It Didn't Have To)
Authors: Wilchins Riki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Andrea Long Chu's New York Times article, “My New Vagina Won't Make Me Happy (And It Shouldn't Have To),” marks a shift in trans discourse, raising issues about the challenges of surgical outcomes and being a post-op transgender woman with a candor that has heretofore been rare publicly. Yet it devotes little attention to the actual experience of being transgender. Similarly, much of gender theory succeeds at cycles of better and more accurate deconstruction, without mobilizing this to explore what it's like to be transgender. This article calls for renewed academic attention to the phenomenology of transgender—on issues like psychology, sexuality, and embodiment.
Indigenist Origins
Authors: Day Madi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Indigenous queer and trans studies will be available as part of the Indigenous Studies major in the Bachelor of Arts program at Macquarie University beginning February 2020. Institutionalization of Indigenous queer and trans studies occurs in a context in which education and institutionalization have been tools of settler colonialism used against Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This article considers Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander engagement with institutions in the discipline of Indigenous studies, and what this means for Indigenous queer and trans studies as it emerges in a tradition of Indigenist and decolonial thought.
Development of a framework for the implementation of electronic interventions in mental health: a protocol for a meta-synthesis of systematic reviews
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , Alarcon-Ruiz Christoper A. , Melendez-Torres G.J. , Torres-Puente Roberto , Ambrosio-Melgarejo Juan , Romero-Cabrera Alejandra B. , Lindo-Cavero Ana , Huarcaya-Victoria Jeff 
Published: October 2020

Background:During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been necessary to incorporate technologies in the care of mental health problems. But there have been difficulties in the application of technology-based interventions in mental health. Some quantitative systematic reviews don’t allow us to fully identify and properly describe this subject. In order to answer the question "how do electronic interventions apply in mental health and what makes the application of any of these interventions work", this study will carry out an overview of systematic reviews, which will make it possible to develop a theoretical framework on the implementation of electronic care in mental health problems.Methods:We will search MEDLINE, EBM Reviews, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science databases from 1st January 2015 to September 2020, with no language restriction. We will follow a qualitative method approach and include systematic reviews that assess primary studies relating to adults with common mental health problems using any type of mobile mental health intervention that includes a synchronic component and communication with a mental health professional. For the analysis, we will make a meta-synthesis of the systematic reviews, using an emergent grounded theory approach to synthesize the information, prioritizing the systematic reviews with the lowest risk of bias in the AMSTAR-2 tool. The meta-synthesis will be based on interpreting, integrating, and inferring the evaluation elements to understand better the e-health implementation process for patients with mental health problems. Finally, we will present the overall assessment in a Summary of Qualitative Findings table.Conclusion:Our results will allow a better understanding of the facilitator and limitations in implementing e-health interventions for mental health problems.
Prevalence of asymptomatic P. falciparum gametocyte carriage in schoolchildren and assessment of the association between gametocyte density, multiplicity of infection and mosquito infection prevalence
Authors: Touray Abdoulie O. , Mobegi Victor A. , Wamunyokoli Fred , Butungi Hellen , Herren Jeremy K. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Malaria is a major public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa. Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers are potential infectious reservoirs for sustaining transmission in many malaria endemic regions. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of gametocyte carriage and some of its associated risk factors among asymptomatic schoolchildren in Western Kenya and further analyse the association between gametocyte density, multiplicity of infection (MOI) and mosquito infection prevalence. Methods: Rapid diagnostic tests were used to screen for P. falciparum parasite infection among schoolchildren (5-15 years old) and the results were verified using microscopy. Microscopy positive gametocyte carriers were selected to feed laboratory reared An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes using membrane feeding method. Genomic DNA was extracted from dry blood spot samples and P. falciparum populations were genotyped using 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Assessment of the association between MOI and gametocyte density and mosquito infection prevalence was conducted. Results: A significantly higher prevalence of P. falciparum infection was found in males 31.54% (764/2422) (p-value < 0.001) compared to females 26.72% (657/2459). The microscopy gametocyte prevalence among the study population was 2% (84/4881). Children aged 5-9 years have a higher prevalence of gametocyte carriage (odds ratios = 2.1 [95% CI = 1.3–3.4], P = 0.002) as compared to children aged 10-15 years. After challenging An. gambiae s.l. by membrane feeding assay on gametocyte positive patient blood, our results indicate that 68.1% of the variation in mosquito infection prevalence is accounted for by gametocyte density and MOI (R-SQR. = 0.681, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Age was a significant risk factor for gametocyte carriage, as indicated by the higher risk of gametocyte carriage among the younger children (5-9 years). Gametocyte density and MOI statistically significantly predicted mosquito infection prevalence. Both of the variables added significantly to the prediction (p < 0.05).
Impacto e aderência de indivíduos com diabetes no Programa Academia da Cidade
Authors: Jubilini Débora , Bosco Adriana 
Published: October 2020

Uma epidemia de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) está em curso e uma grande proporção de pessoas com essa doença não pratica exercícios físicos regularmente. Em Belo Horizonte, o Programa Academia da Cidade (PAC) se apresenta como uma estratégia de melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, através da prática de exercícios físicos. Logo, é relevante compreendermos o impacto deste na saúde de indivíduos com e sem diagnóstico de DM, ao longo do tempo. Para análise da aderência foram utilizadas as chamadas de frequência e para as medidas antropométricas utilizou-se as Planilhas de Avaliação Física do Programa. Foram avaliados 812 usuários, divididos nos grupos: “diabéticos” (GD) e “nāo-diabéticos” (GND). A avaliação física foi feita no início, 6 e 12 meses após inserção às atividades. A presença às aulas foi semelhante entre os grupos GD e GND. No momento de entrada, as medidas de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), peso (P), circunferência abdominal (CA) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) do GD foram significativamente maiores do que GND (p = 0,008, 0,001, < 0,001 e < 0,000, respectivamente). Após 12 meses, GD e GND apresentaram diminuição significante de CA (p = 0,037 e p = 0,005, respectivamente). Em conclusão, no PAC da Regional Nordeste de Belo Horizonte, após 12 meses, GD e GND apresentaram aderência semelhante às aulas, havendo redução significativa para CA. Sugere-se um estudo por maior tempo para identificar resultados mais robustos às demais variáveis.
Operational Transparency: Showing When Work Gets Done
Authors: Bray Robert L. 
Published: October 2020

Problem definition: Do the benefits of operational transparency depend on when the work is done? Academic/practical relevance: This work connects the operations management literature on operational transparency with the psychology literature on the peak-end effect. Methodology: This study examines how customers respond to operational transparency with parcel delivery data from the Cainiao Network, the logistics arm of Alibaba. The sample comprises 4.68 million deliveries. Each delivery has between 4 and 10 track-package activities, which customers can check in real time, and a delivery service score, which customers leave after receiving the package. Instrumental-variable regressions quantify the causal effect of track-package-activity times on delivery scores. Results: The regressions suggest that customers punish early idleness less than late idleness, leaving higher delivery service scores when track-package activities cluster toward the end of the shipping horizon. For example, if a shipment takes 100 hours, then delaying the time of the average action from hour 20 to hour 80 increases the expected delivery score by approximately the same amount as expediting the arrival time from hour 100 to hour 73. Managerial implications: Memory limitations make customers especially sensitive to how service operations end. History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2018 MSOM Data Driven Research Challenge.
La sexuation du monde - Réflexions sur l'émancipation
Authors: Mattos Elizângela Inocêncio 
Published: October 2020

Resenha do livro:Fraisse, Geneviève. La Sexuation du Monde: Réflexions Sur L’émancipation. Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2016.Por Elizângela Inocêncio Mattos
Nurses' views of pet owners: online pet health information
Authors: Kogan Lori , Oxley James A 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMost research investigating online pet health information has focused on the views of veterinarians or clients with little attention given to the views of veterinary nurses.AimsTo investigate the views of UK veterinary nurses in relation to pet owners’ use of online pet health information.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was distributed via social media platforms.ResultsMost respondents report thinking that less than half of their clients understand what they read about pet health online, yet the majority do not provide pet health website information to their clients.ConclusionsMost responding veterinary nurses feel online pet health information has a negative impact on the client/veterinary nurse relationships. It is suggested that veterinary nurses take a proactive role via information prescriptions to guide information seeking behaviours of pet owners.
Discursos sobre as ciências humanas no bolsonarismo: da repetição à prática
Authors: De Sousa Alves Alison Sullivan , Vieira da Silva Francisco 
Published: October 2020

Neste artigo, analisam-se discursos sobre as Ciências Humanas no esteio do movimento social e político denominado de bolsonarismo. O intento é relacionar a repetição de determinadas verdades acerca dessa área do conhecimento com a prática que se revela em ataques institucionais para minimizar esse campo do saber e os sujeitos que nele atuam. Para tanto, busca-se respaldo teórico na perspectiva de Michel Foucault acerca do enunciado, do discurso, da prática discursiva, da formação discursiva, do poder, do saber e da verdade. O corpus de análise percorre diversos enunciados produzidos pelo presidente Bolsonaro, os ex-ministros da Educação e demais apoiadores, os quais tiveram repercussão na mídia digital. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-qualitativo, cuja abordagem segue um viés predominantemente qualitativo. A análise possibilita entrever que a repetição de discursos desfavoráveis às Ciências Humanas revela um projeto de poder autoritário e unilateral que objetiva, sobretudo, minar a emergência de um sujeito crítico que possa contrariar as vontades de verdade da prática discursiva bolsonarista. Na medida em que concebe esse campo do saber como um alvo a ser atingido, como um inimigo em potencial, o projeto bolsonarista se propõe a descaracterizar as pesquisas das Ciências Humanas junto à opinião pública e, com isso, sucatear as instituições de ensino e precarizar a pesquisa científica.