bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular vasculitis: a diagnostic conundrum
Authors: Malpas Alice M , Ball Richard Y , Mukhtyar Chetan , MacKay James W , Omer Mohammed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVasculitis is rare in the context of testicular lesions but, when found, can be classified as a single organ vasculitis or part of a multi-organ inflammatory process. In the context of a patient with a pre-existing autoimmune disorder, this finding might cause diagnostic confusion and preferentially bias a physician towards attributing the condition to the known diagnosis or its treatment. This diagnostic bias can interfere with patient care and lead to over caution, resulting in a worse outcome for the patient involved. We describe such a patient with rheumatoid arthritis on biologic therapy.
Primary adrenal lymphoma: a case of hiccups
Authors: Pathmanathan Kylan , Kodali Venkata , Mohamad Abdulrazak 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Approximately 250 cases of primary adrenal lymphoma have been reported. We describe an unusual presentation of this condition. Our patient is a 65-year-old male whom presented to the emergency department with 4 days of severe persistent hiccups. He had lost 26 kg in weight in the preceding 4 months. Computed tomography abdomen revealed large invasive bilateral adrenal masses. Biochemical evaluation confirmed adrenal insufficiency. Hiccups resolved within 24 h of steroid replacement. Adrenal biopsy confirmed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hypotheses for the aetiology of his hiccups include diaphragmatic irritation and primary adrenal insufficiency. This case is interesting for its rarity involving bilateral adrenal glands, Addison’s disease from the primary adrenal tumour and rapid resolution of hiccups with corticosteroid therapy.
Major liver trauma post-mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation—the first reported case of survival with normal cardiovascular and neurological outcome
Authors: Sharma P , Hernandez-Caballero C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is often conducted with mechanical devices, such as Lund University Cardiac Arrest System in the setting of cardiac arrest during coronary catheterization, to enable effective chest compressions for a prolonged period. Certain injuries from such devices are common such as skin lesions, sternal and rib fractures. Others are rarer, such as visceral injury to the heart, major vessels, lung, liver, spleen and stomach. Major liver injuries have been previously reported but were universally fatal. Here, we report the first case of a capsular liver tear post-mechanical CPR, requiring immediate laparotomy and primary repair, resulting in patient survival with a normal cardiovascular and neurological and outcome.
Treatment of a Fusiform Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm With an A3-A3 Bypass: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms remain a relatively rare and challenging entity for both open microsurgical and endovascular treatments. These lesions provide a significant surgical challenge because of the narrow interhemispheric surgical field, limited proximal control, common fixation of the aneurysm to the adjacent cingulate gyrus, and possible involvement of an unpaired azygos A2. These challenges result in a known association between distal ACA aneurysms and higher operative morbidity. This video demonstrates indirect obliteration of a prior ruptured fusiform right A2 aneurysm utilizing an A3-to-A3 side-to-side anastomotic bypass with aneurysm trapping. An anterior interhemispheric approach was used for exposure of bilateral ACAs, arteriotomies, microanastomosis, and trapping of the aneurysmal right A2 segment. Postoperatively, the patient's neurological status returned to baseline, and imaging demonstrated evidence of bypass patency with no residual filling of the fusiform aneurysmal segment. This video verifies the feasibility and efficacy of the A3-to-A3 anastomotic bypass for treatment of distal ACA aneurysms. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Does Household Finance Affect the Political Process? Evidence from Voter Turnout During a Housing Crisis
Authors: McCartney W Ben 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
I examine the effect of house price declines on voter participation using a novel person-level panel data set. Contrary to what the “angry voter hypothesis” predicts, I find that a 10% decline in local house prices decreases the participation rate of the average mortgaged homeowner by 1.6 percentage points. Consistent with a financial distress channel, house price declines have no effects on renters and particularly severe effects on highly leveraged households. My findings are consistent with the existence of a feedback loop between financial distress and inequality operating through voter participation.
Antibiotics, Systemic Corticosteroids Effective for Copd Exacerbations
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: May 2020

According to this study:

A systematic review of the literature provides support for the use of antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids in adults experiencing exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, regardless of severity.These medications, however, were associated with an increased number of total adverse events and endocrine-related adverse events.
A 5-Year Review of Acanthamoeba Keratitis Related to Wearing Contact Lenses in Korea
Authors: Jo Yeon Ji , Jang Soo Kyung , Lee Jieun , Lee Jong Soo 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the presentation, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) in Busan, South Korea, over a 5-year period.

Methods:
This retrospective study involved a review of the medical records of 16 patients (19 eyes in total) who were diagnosed with AK, related to wearing contact lenses, at the tertiary hospital, Pusan National University Hospital at Busan City, from December 2013 to December 2018.

Results:
Nineteen eyes of 16 patients with a diagnosis of AK were identified. The average age of the patients was 21.1±12.6 years; there were 2 men and 14 women. The mean period from the onset of the first symptoms to diagnosis was 7.0±6.5 days. The average initial visual acuity was 0.78±0.37 (tested on a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution chart), and the final visual acuity after treatment was 0.07±0.07, indicating a significant improvement (P=0.001). A variety of corneal lesions were identified. Early diagnosis of AK was associated with a significantly better final visual acuity.

Conclusion:
The average therapeutic period for AK, when a surface epithelial lesion of the cornea was identified, was 4 months compared with an average period of over 6 months for a deeper stromal lesion. Therefore, this study highlights the fundamental importance of early diagnosis, preventing deeper layers of the cornea from being affected, and appropriate management to ensure a favorable outcome.
Simplified Classification of Tear Film Break-Up Patterns and Their Clinicopathological Correlations in Patients With Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Eom Hee Dong , Jung Jae Uk , Lee Kyoung-Pil , Kim Jeongho , Yoon Dong Hee , Kim Myung Jun , Son Byung Jae , Kim Hong Kyun 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To analyze the pathophysiological differences between patients with dry eye disease (DED) having different tear film break-up patterns (TBUPs).

Methods:
This investigative analysis involved 91 eyes of 91 patients with DED who were divided into two groups: those with “dot” break-up pattern (group I) and those with “random” break-up pattern (group II). Clinical severity was evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Oxford stain score system (OSS) score, and tear film break-up time (TF-BUT). Eighteen patients in group I and 17 patients in group II were selected for sampling of tears and the conjunctiva, and the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and mucin in the tears and conjunctival tissue were measured.

Results:
Thirty-seven patients were classified as group I and 54 patients as group II. Patients in group I had a statistically lower TF-BUT and a higher OSS score than those in group II, whereas the OSDI was not statistically different between the groups. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were statistically higher in group I than those in group II. Impression cytology showed that the expression of IL-1β and IL-8 was higher in group I, whereas that of other genes was not statistically different.

Conclusions:
We were able to clearly classify patients with DED with different TBUPs into two groups, and each group had different clinical and pathophysiological characteristics. In patients with the dot break-up pattern, the disease was strongly associated with ocular surface inflammation, as opposed to that in patients without this pattern.
Effects of a Single Dose of Topical Brimonidine 0.15% on Anterior Segment Morphology, Pupil Characteristics, and Choroidal Thickness in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Cankurtaran Veysel , Tekin Kemal 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the effects of a single dose of brimonidine 0.15% on anterior segment morphology, pupil characteristics, and choroidal blood flow in treated and untreated eyes of healthy subjects and to compare the results obtained with those in another healthy volunteer group.

Methods:
Participants were classified as study and control groups. The eyes in the study group were randomized. Only one eye received one drop of brimonidine (treated eyes), and the contralateral eye received single dose of sodium hyaluronate (untreated eyes). In addition, only right eyes of control subjects, who had single dose of sodium hyaluronate to both eyes, were analyzed (control eyes). Anterior segment parameters including central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth, anterior chamber volume, iridocorneal angle (ICA), horizontal anterior chamber diameter, and pupil measurements including scotopic, mesopic, photopic, and dynamic pupil diameters (PDs) were performed with Sirius Scheimpflug camera. Choroidal thickness (CT) measurements were taken with optical coherence tomography. These measurements were taken at baseline and repeated 1 hour after the dosing.

Results:
Only the treated eyes had significantly thicker CCT and wider ICA values after instillation of brimonidine. Static and dynamic PD values of treated eyes and even untreated eyes significantly decreased after brimonidine. However, brimonidine has no significant effect on CT measurements.

Conclusion:
A single dose of brimonidine causes thickening in CCT and widening in ICA values in treated eyes. In addition, it has significant effect to decrease the scotopic, mesopic, photopic, and dynamic PD values in treated and even contralateral eyes while has no effect on choroidal blood flow.
Partner Notification Approaches for Sex Partners and Children of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Index Cases in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Kingbo Marie-Huguette K.A. , Isaakidis Petros , Lasry Arielle , Takarinda Kudakwashe C. , Manzi Marcel , Pringle John , Konan Flore Adjoua , N'Draman Jules , Danho Nathalie Krou , Abokon Armand K. , Doumatey Nicole Isabelle L. 
Published: May 2020

Background
Four partner notification approaches were introduced in health facilities in Côte d'Ivoire to increase human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing uptake among the type of contacts (sex partners and biological children younger than 15 years). The study assessed the 4 approaches: client referral (index cases refer the contacts for HIV testing), provider referral (health care providers refer the contacts), contract referral (index case-provider hybrid approach), and dual referral (both the index and their partner are tested simultaneously).

Methods
Program data were collected at 4 facilities from October 2018 to March 2019 from index case files and HIV testing register. We compared uptake of the approaches, uptake of HIV testing, and HIV positivity percentages, stratified by contact type and gender.

Results
There were 1089 sex partners and 469 children from 1089 newly diagnosed index cases. About 90% of children were contacted through client referral: 85.2% of those were tested and 1.4% was positive. Ninety percent of the children came from female index cases. The provider referral brought in 56.3% of sex partners, of whom 97.2% were HIV-tested. The client referral brought in 30% of sex partners, of whom only 81.5% were HIV-tested. The HIV positivity percentages were 75.5% and 72.7%, respectively, for the 2 approaches. Male index cases helped to reach twice as many HIV-positive sexual contacts outside the household (115) than female index cases (53). The contract and dual referrals were not preferred by index cases.

Conclusions
Provider referral is a successful and acceptable strategy for bringing in sex partners for testing. Client referral is preferred for children.
Explaining very early acute mild traumatic brain injury after motor vehicle collision pain variability: additive value of pain sensitivity questionnaire
Authors: Kuperman Pora , Granovsky Yelena , Bahouth Hany , Fadel Shiri , Ben Lulu Hen , Bosak Noam , Buxbaum Chen , Sprecher Elliot , Crystal Shoshana , Granot Michal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives:
Chronic pain is a common postcollision consequence. Wherein, a clearer understanding of acute pain can help stem the acute-to-chronic pain transition. However, the variability of acute pain is only partially explained by psychophysical pain characteristics as measured by quantitative sensory testing. The Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ) may reflect inherent psychocognitive representations of patient's sensitivity and thus may reveal less-explored pain dimensions. In the vein of the biopsychosocial approach, this study aimed to explore whether PSQ holds additive value in explaining head and neck pain reports in very early acute-stage mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) after collision, above the use of psychophysical assessment.

Methods:
Study cohort (n = 130) consisted of mTBI patients (age range 19–66, 57 F) after accident with area-of-injury pain of at least 20 on the day of testing (mean pain 58.4 ± 21.6, range 20–100 Numerical Pain Scale) who underwent clinical, psychophysical, and pain-related psychological assessment within 72-hour after injury.

Results:
Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire scores were significantly correlated with acute clinical, psychophysical, and pain-related psychological measures. Regression model (R
2 = 0.241, P < 0.001) showed that, together, age, sex, high PSQ, enhanced temporal summation, and less-efficient conditioned pain modulation explained head and neck pain variance. This model demonstrated that the strongest contribution to degree of postinjury pain was independently explained by PSQ (ß = 0.32) and then pressure pain threshold-conditioned pain modulation (ß = −0.25).

Conclusion:
Appraisal of cognitive daily-pain representations, by way of memory and imagination, provides an additional important dispositional facet to explain the variability in the acute mTBI postcollision clinical pain experience, above assessing nociceptive responsiveness to experimentally induced pain.
Corticothalamic feedback sculpts visual spatial integration in mouse thalamus
Authors: Born Gregory , Schneider Felix A. , Erisken Sinem , Klein Agne , Lao Chu Lan , Mobarhan Milad H. , Spacek Martin A. , Einevoll Gaute T. , Busse Laura 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTEn route from retina to cortex, visual information passes through the dorsolateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (dLGN), where extensive corticothalamic (CT) feedback has been suggested to modulate spatial processing. How this modulation arises from direct excitatory and indirect inhibitory CT feedback pathways remains enigmatic. Here we show that in awake mice, retinotopically organized cortical feedback sharpens receptive fields (RFs) and increases surround suppression in the dLGN. Guided by a network model indicating that widespread inhibitory CT feedback is necessary to reproduce these effects, we targeted the visual sector of the thalamic reticular nucleus (visTRN) for recordings. We found that visTRN neurons have large receptive fields, show little surround suppression, and exhibit strong feedback-dependent responses to large stimuli. These features make them an ideal candidate for mediating feedback-enhanced surround suppression in the dLGN. We conclude that cortical feedback sculpts spatial integration in dLGN, likely via recruitment of neurons in visTRN.
Cholinergic Modulation of Hippocampally Mediated Attention and Perception
Authors: Ruiz Nicholas A. , Thieu Monica , Aly Mariam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAttention to the relations between visual features modulates hippocampal representations. Moreover, hippocampal damage impairs discrimination of spatial relations. We explore a mechanism by which this might occur: modulation by the acetylcholine system. Acetylcholine enhances afferent input to the hippocampus and suppresses recurrent connections within it. This biases hippocampal processing toward environmental input, and should improve externally-oriented, hippocampally mediated attention and perception. We examined cholinergic modulation on an attention task that recruits the hippocampus. On each trial, participants viewed two images (rooms with paintings). On “similar room” trials, they judged whether the rooms had the same spatial layout from a different perspective. On “similar art” trials, they judged whether the paintings could have been painted by the same artist. On “identical” trials, participants simply had to detect identical paintings or rooms. We hypothesized that cholinergic modulation would improve performance on the similar room task, given past findings that hippocampal representations predicted, and hippocampal damage impaired, behavior on this task. To test this, nicotine cigarette smokers took part in two sessions: one before which they abstained from nicotine for 12 hours, and one before which they ingested nicotine in the past hour. Individual differences in expired breath carbon monoxide levels — a measure of how recently or how much someone smoked — predicted performance improvements on the similar room task. This finding provides novel support for computational models that propose that acetylcholine enhances externally oriented attentional states in the hippocampus.
Modulation of premotor cortex response to sequence motor learning during escitalopram-intake
Authors: Molloy Eóin N. , Mueller Karsten , Beinhölzl Nathalie , Blöchl Maria , Piecha Fabian A. , Pampel André , Steele Christopher J. , Scharrer Ulrike , Zheleva Gergana , Regenthal Ralf , Sehm Bernhard , Nikulin Vadim V. , Möller Harald E. , Villringer Arno , Sacher Julia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe contribution of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to motor learning by inducing motor cortical plasticity remains controversial given diverse findings from positive preclinical data to negative findings in recent clinical trials. To empirically address this translational disparity, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a double-blind, randomized controlled study to assess whether 20 mg escitalopram improves sequence-specific motor performance and modulates cortical motor response in 64 healthy female participants. We found decreased left premotor cortex responses during sequence-specific learning performance comparing single dose and steady escitalopram state. Escitalopram plasma-levels negatively correlated with the premotor cortex response. We did not find evidence in support of improved motor performance after a week of escitalopram-intake. These findings do not support the conclusion that one-week escitalopram intake increases motor performance but could reflect early adaptive plasticity with improved neural processing underlying similar task performance when steady peripheral escitalopram levels are reached.
Disturbance-induced changes in size-structure promote coral biodiversity
Authors: Álvarez-Noriega Mariana , Madin Joshua S. , Baird Andrew H. , Dornelas Maria , Connolly Sean R 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReef-building coral assemblages are typically species-rich, yet the processes maintaining coral biodiversity remain poorly understood. Disturbance has long been believed to promote coral species coexistence by reducing the strength of competition. However, such disturbance-induced effects have since been shown to be insufficient on their own to prevent competitive exclusion. Nevertheless, Modern Coexistence Theory has revealed other mechanisms by which disturbance and, more generally, environmental variation can favour coexistence. Here, we formulate, calibrate, and analyze a size-structured, stochastic coral competition model using field data from two common colony morphologies. These two coral morphologies, tabular and digitate, differ in their size-dependent vulnerability to dislodgement caused by wave action. We confirm that fluctuations in wave action can promote coral species coexistence. However, using a recently proposed partitioning framework, we show that, contrast to previous expectations, temporal variability in strength of competition did not promote coexistence. Instead, coexistence was enabled by differential fluctuations in size-dependent mortality among competitors. Frequent and intense disturbances resulted in monocultures of digitate corals, which are more robust to wave action than tabular corals. In contrast, infrequent or weak disturbances resulted in monocultures of tabular corals. Coexistence was only possible under intermediate levels of disturbance frequency and intensity. Given the sensitivity of coexistence to disturbance frequency and intensity, anthropogenic changes in disturbance regimes are likely to affect biodiversity in coral assemblages in ways that are not predictable from single population models.
Arabidopsiscell wall composition determines disease resistance specificity and fitness
Authors: Molina Antonio , Miedes Eva , Bacete Laura , Rodríguez Tinguaro , Mélida Hugo , Denancé Nicolas , Sánchez-Vallet Andrea , Rivière Marie-Pierre , López Gemma , Freydier Amandine , Barlet Xavier , Pattathil Sivakumar , Hahn Michael , Goffner Deborah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlant cell walls are complex structures subject to dynamic remodeling in response to developmental and environmental cues, and play essential functions in disease resistance responses. We tested the specific contribution of plant cell walls to immunity by determining the susceptibility of a set ofArabidopsiscell wall mutants (cwm) to pathogens with different parasitic styles: a vascular bacterium, a necrotrophic fungus and a biotrophic oomycete. Remarkably, mostcwmmutants tested (31/38; 81.6%) showed alterations in their resistance responses to at least one of these pathogens, in comparison to wild-type plants, illustrating the relevance of wall composition in determining disease resistance phenotypes. We found that the enhanced resistance ofcwmplants to the necrotrophic and vascular pathogens negatively impacted oncwmfitness traits, like biomass and seed yield. Enhanced resistance ofcwmplants is not only mediated by canonical immune pathways, like those modulated by phytohormones or Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns, which are not de-regulated in allcwmtested. Pectin-enriched wall fractions isolated fromcwmplants triggered immune responses in other plants, suggesting that wall-mediated defensive pathways might contribute tocwmresistance. Cell walls ofcwmplants show a high diversity of composition alterations as revealed by glycome profiling that detect specific wall carbohydrate moieties. Mathematical analysis of glycome profiling data identified correlations between the amounts of specific wall carbohydrate moieties and disease resistance phenotypes ofcwmplants. These data support the relevant and specific function of plant wall composition in plant immune response modulation and in balancing disease resistance/development trade-offs.