bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelets and cancer-associated thrombosis: focusing on the platelet activation receptor CLEC-2 and podoplanin
Authors: Suzuki-Inoue Katsue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPatients with cancer have an increased risk of thromboembolism, which is the second leading cause of death in these patients. Several mechanisms of the prothrombotic state in these patients have been proposed. Among them are a platelet activation receptor, C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), and its endogenous ligand podoplanin, which are the focus of this review. CLEC-2 is almost specifically expressed in platelets/megakaryocytes in humans. A membrane protein, podoplanin is expressed in certain types of cancer cells, including squamous cell carcinoma, brain tumor, and osteosarcoma, in addition to several normal tissues, including kidney podocytes and lymphatic endothelial cells but not vascular endothelial cells. In the bloodstream, podoplanin induces platelet activation by binding to CLEC-2 and facilitates hematogenous cancer metastasis and cancer-associated thrombosis. In an experimental lung metastasis model, the pharmacological depletion of CLEC-2 from platelets in mice resulted in a marked reduction of lung metastasis of podoplanin-expressing B16F10 cells. Control mice with B16F10 orthotopically inoculated in the back skin showed massive thrombus formation in the lungs, but the cancer-associated thrombus formation in CLEC-2–depleted mice was significantly inhibited, suggesting that CLEC-2–podoplanin interaction stimulates cancer-associated thrombosis. Thromboinflammation induced ectopic podoplanin expression in vascular endothelial cells or macrophages, which may also contribute to cancer-associated thrombosis. CLEC-2 depletion in cancer-bearing mice resulted in not only reduced cancer-associated thrombosis but also reduced levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines, anemia, and sarcopenia, suggesting that cancer-associated thrombosis may cause thromboinflammation and cancer cachexia. Blocking CLEC-2–podoplanin interaction may be a novel therapeutic strategy in patients with podoplanin-expressing cancer.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy following surgery for esophageal cancer with gastric tube reconstruction: a case report and literature review
Authors: Izumi Hideki , Yoshii Hisamichi , Abe Rin , Yamamoto Soichiro , Mukai Masaya , Nomura Eiji , Sugiyama Tomoko , Tajiri Takuma , Makuuchi Hiroyasu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Synchronous and asynchronous multiple cancers have become more pervasive in recent years despite advances in medical technologies. However, there have been only six cases (including the present case) that underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreas head cancer following surgery for esophageal cancer. PD for treating pancreas head cancer is extremely challenging; thus, the confirmation of vessel variation and selection of surgical procedures are vital.

Case presentation
The patient was a 78-year-old Japanese male who was synchronously diagnosed with esophageal and cecal cancer 7 years previously at our hospital. He was admitted with densely stained and jaundiced urine and presented no remarkable family medical history. Following various examinations, surgery was performed due to the diagnosis of distal cholangiocarcinoma (pancreatic head cancer). Since the tumor was located far from the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) and no significant lymph node metastases could be found, subtotal stomach-preserving PD was performed instead of the resection of GDA with the right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) for gastric tube blood flow preservation. The common hepatic artery (CHA) and GDA were confirmed, and RGEA diverged from GDA was identified. Subsequently, their respective tapings were preserved. The right gastric artery (RGA) was identified, taped, and preserved considering the gastric tube blood flow. The inflow area of the right gastroepiploic vein (RGEV) through gastric colic vein trunk in the superior mesenteric vein was exposed and preserved as the outflow of gastric tube blood flow. PD was completed without any complications on the shade of the gastric tube.

Conclusions
This case report describes successfully preserved gastric blood flow without the resection of GDA, RGEA, RGEV, or RGA. To preserve the gastric tube, GDA inflow, RGEA, RGA, and RGEV outflow should be preserved if possible. When performing PD after tube reconstruction, it is essential to confirm the relative positions of the blood vessel, blood flow, and tumor through three-dimensional computed tomography angiography before surgery and to consider the balance between the invasiveness and optimal curability of the surgery.
Phase II Feasibility and Biomarker Study of Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab With Chemoradiotherapy for Resectable Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: TRAP Study
Authors: Stroes Charlotte I. , Schokker Sandor , Creemers Aafke , Molenaar Remco J. , Hulshof Maarten C.C.M. , van der Woude Stephanie O. , Bennink Roel J. , Mathôt Ron A.A. , Krishnadath Kausilia K. , Punt Cornelis J.A. , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , van Oijen Martijn G.H. , Creemers Geert-Jan , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A.P. , van der Sangen Maurice J.C. , Beerepoot Laurens V. , Heisterkamp Joos , Los Maartje , Slingerland Marije , Cats Annemieke , Hospers Geke A.P. , Bijlsma Maarten F. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Meijer Sybren L. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W.M. 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE Approximately 15% to 43% of esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive. Because dual-agent HER2 blockade demonstrated a survival benefit in breast cancer, we conducted a phase II feasibility study of trastuzumab and pertuzumab added to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with EAC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with resectable HER2-positive EAC received standard nCRT with carboplatin and paclitaxel and 41.4 Gy of radiotherapy, with 4 mg/kg of trastuzumab on day 1, 2 mg/kg per week during weeks 2 to 6, and 6 mg/kg per week during weeks 7, 10, and 13 and 840 mg of pertuzumab every 3 weeks. The primary end point was feasibility, defined as ≥ 80% completion of treatment with both trastuzumab and pertuzumab. An exploratory comparison of survival with a propensity score–matched cohort receiving standard nCRT was performed, as were exploratory pharmacokinetic and biomarker analyses. RESULTS Of the 40 enrolled patients (78% men; median age, 63 years), 33 (83%) completed treatment with trastuzumab and pertuzumab. No unexpected safety events were observed. R0 resection was achieved in all patients undergoing surgery, with pathologic complete response in 13 patients (34%). Three-year progression-free and overall survival (OS) were 57% and 71%, respectively (median follow-up, 32.1 months). Compared with the propensity score–matched cohort, a significantly longer OS was observed with HER2 blockade (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.97). Results of pharmacokinetic analysis and activity on [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans did not correlate with survival or pathologic response. Patients with HER2 3+ overexpression or growth factor receptor–bound protein 7 (Grb7) –positive tumors at baseline demonstrated significantly better survival ( P = .007) or treatment response ( P = .016), respectively. CONCLUSION Addition of trastuzumab and pertuzumab to nCRT in patients with HER2-positive EAC is feasible and demonstrates potentially promising activity compared with historical controls. HER2 3+ overexpression and Grb7 positivity are potentially predictive for survival and treatment response, respectively.
Treatment versus Punishment: Understanding Racial Inequalities in Drug Policy
Authors: Kim Jin Woo , Morgan Evan , Nyhan Brendan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContext: Many observers believe that the policy response to the opioid crisis is less punitive than the crack scare and that the reason is that victims are (stereotypically) white.Methods: To assess this conjecture, we compile new longitudinal data on district-level drug-related deaths and (co)sponsorship of legislation on drug abuse in the House of Representatives over the past four decades. Using legislator fixed effects models, we then test how changes in drug-related death rates in legislators' districts predict changes in (co)sponsorship of treatment-oriented or punitive legislation in the subsequent year and assess whether these relationships vary by race of victim or drug type.Findings: Policy makers were more likely to introduce punitive drug-related bills during the crack scare and are more likely to introduce treatment-oriented bills during the current opioid crisis. The relationship between district-level drug deaths and subsequent sponsorship of treatment-oriented legislation is greater for opioid deaths than for cocaine-related deaths and for white victims than for black victims. By contrast, district-level drug deaths are not significantly related to sponsorship of punishment-oriented bills.Conclusions: These results suggest that the racial inequalities and double standards of drug policy still persist but in different forms.
Framing the Opioid Crisis: Do Racial Frames Shape Beliefs of Whites Losing Ground?
Authors: Gollust Sarah E. , Miller Joanne M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContext: Although research has begun to examine perceptions of being on the losing side of politics, it has been confined to electoral politics. The context of health disparities, and particularly the opioid crisis, offers a case to explore whether frames that emphasize racial disadvantage activate loser perceptions and the political consequences of such beliefs.Methods: White survey participants (N = 1,549) were randomized into three groups: a control which saw no news article, or one of two treatment groups which saw a news article about the opioid crisis framed to emphasize either the absolute rates of opioid mortality among whites or the comparative rates of opioid mortality among whites compared to blacks.Findings: Among control group participants, perceiving oneself a political loser was unrelated to attitudes about addressing opioids, whereas those who perceived whites to be on the losing side of public health had a less empathetic response to the opioid crisis. The comparative frame led to greater beliefs that whites are on the losing side of public health, whereas the absolute frame led to more empathetic policy opinions.Conclusions: Perceptions that one's racial group has lost ground in the public health context could have political consequences that future research should explore.
Are Policy Strategies for Addressing the Opioid Epidemic Partisan? A View from the States
Authors: Grogan Colleen M. , Bersamira Clifford S. , Singer Phillip M. , Smith Bikki Tran , Pollack Harold A. , Andrews Christina M. , Abraham Amanda J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Context: In contrast to the Affordable Care Act, some have suggested the opioid epidemic represents an area of bipartisanship. This raises an important question: to what extent are Democrat-led and Republican-led states different or similar in their policy responses to the opioid epidemic?
Methods: Three main methodological approaches were used to assess state-level policy responses to the opioid epidemic: a legislative analysis across all 50 states, an online survey of 50 state Medicaid agencies, and in-depth case studies with policy stakeholders in five states.
Findings: Conservative states pursue hidden and targeted Medicaid expansions, and a number of legislative initiatives, to address the opioid crisis. However, the total fiscal commitment among these Republican-led states pales in comparison to states that adopt the ACA Medicaid expansion. Because the state legislative initiatives do not provide treatment, these states spend substantially less than states with Democratic control.
Conclusions: Rather than persistently working to retrench all programs, conservatives have relied on policy designs that emphasize devolution, fragmentation, and inequality to both expand and retrench benefits. This strategy, which allocates benefits differentially to different social groups and obfuscates responsibility, allows conservatives to avoid political blame typically associated with retrenchment.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA GINÁSTICA LABORAL NOS DISTÚRBIOS OSTEOMUSCULARES RELACIONADOS AO TRABALHO
Authors: Oliveira Souza Juliana de , Teixeira Matins Marcela , Muniz de Souza Carine , Coelho Baptista Isabela , Pereira Cardoso Lauane , Braz de Medeiros Geisiane , Torres Cruz Ariela , Oliveira Januário Priscila de 
Published: December 2019

Introdução: A ginástica laboral (GL) são exercícios diários que tem o intuido de promover benefícios à saúde dos trabalhadores. Objetivos: Analisar os efeitos da GL nos distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho em funcionários de um setor administrativo do ramo siderúrgico. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 31 funcionários, divididos em dois grupos: grupo experimental (GE n=16) e grupo controle (GC n=15). Ambos foram avaliados antes e após as sessões de GL através do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Após a avaliação, os funcionários do GE foram submetidos a 16 sessões de GL, realizadas 2 vezes por semana, com duração média de 15 minutos. Resultados: No GE houve uma diminuição das queixas de dor/formigamento principalmente na parte superior das costas, enquanto no GC houve um aumento dessas queixas na parte inferior das costas e nos punhos/mãos. Quanto à realização das atividades laborativas, domésticas e de lazer observou-se no GE uma diminuição das queixas na parte inferior das costas, enquanto houve um aumento no GC. Em ambos os grupos houve diminuição na procura por médico/fisioterapeuta, principalmente por problemas na parte inferior das costas. No GE observou-se redução das queixas por algum problema principalmente na parte inferior das costas, porém no GC houve aumento das queixas nesta região. Conclusões: As sessões de GL mostraram-se eficazes sobre os distúrbios osteomusculares dos funcionários do GE, diminuindo os relatos de queixas de dor/formigamento para a realização das atividades laborativas, domésticas e de lazer, bem como diminuição das consultas com profissionais de saúde.
Analysis of optical nanostructures using the surface impedance generating operator
Authors: Gholipour A. 
Published: December 2019

The method of surface impedance generating operator (SIGO) is developed
for analyzing complex optical nanostructures. In this method, the main
problem is divided into several subproblems. The proposed SIGO method
handles these subproblems independently. Therefore, the method is
suitable for parallel computing and is numerically efficient for
analyzing large-scale optical structures. To formulate the subproblems
in integral form, the dyadic Green’s functions need to be derived for
all interior and exterior domains. The dyadic Green’s functions of
typical exterior problems, e.g., free space, multilayer, periodic,
etc., are quite familiar. However, a method based on distribution
theory is introduced to obtain the required dyadic Green’s functions
of interior problems for scatterers with arbitrary shapes. An
important lemma is stated and proved. This lemma preserves the crucial
property of Green’s functions, which is the completeness of
eigenmodes. The dyadic Green’s functions of the interior problem are
specifically derived for the rectangular nanorods. Using the SIGO
method and the derived Green’s functions, the current distribution of
an optical nano dipole antenna is analyzed. It is shown that, for the
same level of accuracy, SIGO can be faster than other conventional
formulations and require lower computational resources as well.
Therefore, it can be used for successful design and optimization of
complex plasmonic circuits.
Depletion effect in high-order harmonic generation with coherent superposition state
Authors: Phan Ngoc-Loan , Nguyen Thanh-Tuynh , Mineo Hirobumi , Hoang Van-Hung 
Published: December 2019

Enhancement of the conversion efficiency of high-order harmonics (HHG) generated from an atom in the superposition of two quantum states instead of the ground state is essential because of the recent application in the generation of ultrashort isolated attosecond pulses. In this study, we first confirm the enhancement for a more real system with full three-dimensional geometry and then investigate an interesting effect—the influence of the depletion on the HHG cutoff. For this purpose, we prepare a hydrogen atom initially in the coherent superposition of the ground and the first excited states and calculate the HHG by numerically solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE)—the TDSE method. We find that the plateau of HHG spectra with the coherent superposition state ends earlier than that of the ground state, which can be attributed to the depletion of the excited state. We justify this link by adopting the classical simulation and time-dependent ionization rate. Besides, we show that the conversion efficiency is sensitive to the existence of the excited state. Particularly, for some values of laser field intensity, the excited state population of about 1% increases HHG intensity by more than 5 orders. However, after a critical excited state population, the HHG intensity is stable with continuously increasing initial population of the excited state that is meaningful for experimental setups.
Molecular and Functional Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells: From Discovery to Clinical Application
Authors: Cortés-Hernández Luis Enrique , Eslami-S Zahra , Pantel Klaus , Alix-Panabières Catherine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDOne of the objectives for the liquid biopsy is to become a surrogate to tissue biopsies in diagnosis of cancer as a minimally invasive method, with clinical utility in real-time follow-ups of patients. To achieve this goal, it is still necessary to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms of cancer and the biological principles that govern its behavior, particularly with regard to circulating tumor cells (CTCs).CONTENTThe isolation, enumeration, detection, and characterization of CTCs have already proven to provide relevant clinical information about patient prognosis and treatment prediction. Moreover, CTCs can be analyzed at the genome, proteome, transcriptome, and secretome levels and can also be used for functional studies in in vitro and in vivo models. These features, taken together, have made CTCs a very valuable biosource.SUMMARYTo further advance the field and discover new clinical applications for CTCs, several studies have been performed to learn more about these cells and better understand the biology of metastasis. In this review, we describe the recent literature on the topic of liquid biopsy with particular focus on the biology of CTCs.
Cecal Perforation in the Setting of Campylobacter jejuni Infection
Authors: Jain Seema , Bettner Weston , Olevian Dane C. , Yadav Dhiraj 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter infection is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, yet life-threatening complications are extremely rare. We present a 32-year-old previously healthy man who presented with dysentery from Campylobacter jejuni, which was complicated by cecal perforation and secondary bacterial peritonitis.
Solvability of an infinite system of nonlinear integral equations of Volterra-Hammerstein type
Authors: Chlebowicz Agnieszka 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to study the solvability of an infinite system of integral equations of Volterra-Hammerstein type on an unbounded interval. We show that such a system of integral equations has at least one solution in the space of functions defined, continuous and bounded on the real half-axis with values in the spacel1consisting of all real sequences whose series is absolutely convergent. To prove this result we construct a suitable measure of noncompactness in the mentioned function space and we use that measure together with a fixed point theorem of Darbo type.
Predicting the lignin H/G ratio of Pinus sylvestris L. wood samples by PLS-R models based on near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Alves Ana , Simões Rita , Lousada José Luís , Lima-Brito José , Rodrigues José 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Softwood lignin consists mainly of guaiacyl (G) units and low amounts of hydroxyphenyl (H) units. Even in a small percentage, the ratio of H to G (H/G) and the intraspecific variation are crucial wood lignin properties. Analytical pyrolysis (Py) was already successfully used as a reference method to develop a model based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the determination of the H/G ratio on Pinus pinaster (Pnb) wood samples. The predicted values of the Pinus sylvestris (Psyl) samples by this model were well correlated (R = 0.91) with the reference data (Py), but with a bias that increased with increasing H/G ratio. Partial least squares regression (PLS-R) models were developed for the prediction of the H/G ratio, dedicated models for Psyl wood samples and common models based on both species (Pnb and Psyl). All the calibration models showed a high coefficient of determination and low errors. The coefficient of determination of the external validation of the dedicated models ranged from 0.92 to 0.96 and for the common models ranged from 0.83 to 0.93. However, the comparison of the predictive ability of the dedicated and common models using the Psyl external validation set showed almost identical predicted values.
The Fall of the Berlin Wall and Namibian Independence
Authors: Saunders Chris 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Berlin Wall was breached as Namibia’s first democratic election was being conducted. It is therefore wrong to say that the fall of the Berlin Wall ushered in Namibia’s independence. That independence was on track when the Wall fell. But the fall of the Wall, and the associated collapse of the state socialist regimes of Eastern Europe, had significant consequences for the form of independence that emerged in Namibia in 1990.
Sonority Sequencing Principle in Sabzevari Persian: A Constraint-Based Approach
Authors: Alqahtani Mufleh Salem M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study sheds light on the relationship between the Sonority Sequencing Principle (SSP) and syllable structure in Sabzevari, a Persian vernacular spoken in the Sabzevar area of Northeast Iran. Optimality Theory (OT), as a constraint-based approach, is utilized to scrutinize sonority violation and its repair strategies. The results suggest that obedience to the SSP is mandatory in Sabzevari, as shown through the treatment of word-final clusters in Standard Persian words which violate the SSP. These consonant clusters are avoided in Sabzevari by two phonological processes: vowel epenthesis and metathesis. Vowel epenthesis is motivated by final consonant clusters of the forms /fricative+coronal nasal/, /plosive+bilabial nasal/, /fricative+bilabial nasal/, /plosive+rhotic/, /fricative+rhotic/, and /plosive+lateral/. Metathesis, as another repair strategy for sonority sequencing violations, occurs when dealing with final consonant clusters of the forms /plosive+fricative/and / fricative+lateral/.