bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light intensity and spectral distribution affect chytrid infection of cyanobacteriaviamodulation of host fitness
Authors: Tao Yile , Wolinska Justyna , Hölker Franz , Agha Ramsy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLight gradients are an inherent feature in aquatic ecosystems and play a key role in shaping the biology of phytoplankton. Parasitism by chytrid fungi is gaining increasing attention as a major control agent of phytoplankton due to its previously overlooked ubiquity, and profound ecological and evolutionary consequences. Despite this interest, if and how light conditions modulate phytoplankton chytridiomycosis remains poorly studied. We investigated life-history traits of a chytrid parasite,Rhizophydium megarrhizum, under different light intensities and spectral compositions when infecting two closely related planktonic cyanobacteria with different light-harvesting strategies:Planktothrix rubescensandP. agardhii. In general, parasite transmission was highest under light conditions (both intensity and quality) that maximized growth rates for uninfected cyanobacteria. Chytrid encystment on hosts was significantly affected by light intensity and host strain identity. This likely resulted from higher irradiances stimulating the increased discharge of photosynthetic by-products, which drive parasite chemotaxis, and from strain-specific differences at the cell-surface. Comparisons of parasite transmission and host growth rates under different light conditions suggest the potential for epidemic development at higher irradiances, whereas host and parasite could coexist without epidemic outbreaks at lower light levels. These results illustrate the close relationship between parasite transmission and host fitness, which is ultimately modulated by the external environment.
Childhood abuse and neglect are prospectively associated with scripted attachment representations in young adulthood
Authors: Nivison Marissa D. , Facompré Christopher R. , Raby K. Lee , Simpson Jeffry A. , Roisman Glenn I. , Waters Theodore E. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWaters, Ruiz, and Roisman (2017) recently published evidence based on the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (MLSRA) that sensitive caregiving during childhood is associated with higher levels ofsecure base script knowledgeduring the Adult Attachment Interview (AAIsbs). At present, however, little is known about the role of variation inatypicalcaregiving, including abuse and/or neglect, in explaining individual differences in AAIsbs. This study revisited data from the MLSRA (N= 157) to examine the association between experiencing abuse and/or neglect in the first 17.5 years of life and secure base script knowledge measured at ages 19 and 26 years. Several aspects of abuse and/or neglect experiences were assessed, including perpetrator identity, timing, and type. Regressions revealed that childhood abuse and/or neglect was robustly associated with lower AAIsbsscores in young adulthood, above and beyond previously documented associations with maternal sensitivity and demographic covariates. Follow-up analyses provided evidence that the predictive significance of abuse for secure base script knowledge was specific to perpetration by parental figures, rather than non-caregivers. Exploratory analyses indicated that abuse and/or neglect: (a) in middle childhood and adolescence (but not infancy and early childhood) and (b) physical abuse (but not sexual abuse or neglect) were uniquely associated with lower AAIsbsscores.
Eulogy: Professor Milan Šamánek, DrSc, FESC (*09.05.1931 †29.04.2020) – legend from the East
Authors: Marek Jan , Janoušek Jan , Tůma Stanislav 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article is to commemorate and celebrate achievements of Professor Milan Šamánek who passed away on 29 April, 2020. Milan was an excellent and visionary paediatric cardiologist who helped to establish paediatric cardiology as a speciality in Czechoslovakia and several other east European countries in the late 1970s. Milan was also paramount for connecting the East and West, helping in no small way to establish the Association for European Paediatric Cardiology (AEPC) as the leading learned society in Europe.
Implementation of a standardised annual anticoagulation specialist review in primary care
Authors: Hutchinson-Jones Nathan W. , Didcott Sophie K. , Jones Matthew D. , Crowe Josephine N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
An increasing number of patients are being prescribed direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), while the patients who remain on warfarin are becoming more complex. There is currently a lack of a standardised anticoagulation review for patients in primary care, resulting in potentially preventable harm events. Our aim was to implement a new service, where a standardised review is carried out by a specialist multidisciplinary secondary care anticoagulation team. Overall, the implementation of a standardised review resulted in better optimisation of anticoagulation management for patients taking either a DOAC or a warfarin. Of the 172 eligible patients prescribed warfarin, 47 (27%) chose to switch a DOAC. The average time in therapeutic range for patients on warfarin before and after the pilot increased from 73.5% to 75%. Of 482 patients taking a DOAC, 35 (7%) were found to be on incorrect dose. In 32 (91%) of 35 patients, the dose was amended after notifying the patient’s general practitioner. We also found a significant number of patients inappropriately prescribed concomitant medication such as antiplatelet or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, potentially putting the patients at an elevated risk of bleeding. While further research is needed; we believe the results of this pilot can be used to help build a case to influence the commissioning of anticoagulation services. Secondary care anticoagulation teams, like our own, may be well-placed to provide or support such services, by working across the primary care and secondary care interface to support our primary care colleagues.
Family dispute resolution and access to justice in Australia
Authors: Akin Ojelabi Lola , Gutman Judith 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe context of this paper is the several innovative reforms since the Australian government changed the family-law system more than forty years ago with the enactment of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth). Whilst no-fault divorce was introduced over four decades ago, the watershed effect of replacing a blaming culture with a collaborative problem-solving approach to family disputing has provided a stepping stone for a progressive pathway to less adversarialism in family conflict. This narrative resonates throughout the family-law system today. It also continues to guide the justice discourse in family matters. This paper focuses on developments in the family-law system canvassing several legislative amendments that demonstrate the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) as a means of improving access to justice in relation to family disputes in Australia. It is argued that, in the family-law system, justice and ADR are inextricably linked. In support of this contention, the growth, development and evaluation of family dispute resolution is considered; access to justice issues that arise are highlighted. Finally, it reviews ramifications for the future considering recommendations from the recent inquiry into the family-law system.
Germination and emergence of common beggar’s-tick (Bidens alba) seeds at two different stages of afterripening as affected by environmental factors
Authors: Yu Jialin , Sharpe Shaun M. , Boyd Nathan S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExperiments were conducted to determine the effect of various environmental factors and burial depth on germination and seedling emergence of common beggar’s-tick [Bidens alba (L.) DC.] seeds at two different stages of afterripening. Mature B. alba seeds were stored at 4 C for 3 to 5 mo (new seed lot) and 13 to 15 mo (old seed lot) until experiment initiation. Germination exponentially decreased with increasing moisture stress. Germination rate decreased from 87 ± 2.9% to 13 ± 6.1% as osmotic potential decreased from 0 to −0.5 MPa and was completely inhibited at osmotic potentials below −0.83 MPa. A large portion of the new seeds tested positively photoblastic, but seeds that had afterripened for 1 additional year were partially desensitized to the light requirement. New and old seeds still germinated to a greater percentage in the presence of light than under continuous dark at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 C. Both new and old seeds germinated over a range of temperatures from 5 to 35 C, but the optimum temperatures for germination was 15 to 30 C in the presence of light. Regardless of seed lot, seedling emergence was the greatest when seeds were sown at the soil surface. Seedling emergence was abruptly reduced when burial depth was 1 cm or greater. Based on these results, we conclude that shallow cultivation could effectively suppress this population of B. alba from emerging when incorporated into an integrated control strategy. The information obtained in this research identifies some important factors that facilitate the widespread presence of B. alba in Florida and may contribute to weed management programs.
The Magnitude of Regional‐Scale Tree Mortality Caused by the Invasive Pathogen Phytophthora ramorum
Authors: Cobb Richard C. , Haas Sarah E. , Kruskamp Nicholas , Dillon Whalen W. , Swiecki Tedmund J. , Rizzo David M. , Frankel Susan J. , Meentemeyer Ross K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractForest pathogens are important drivers of tree mortality across the globe, but it is exceptionally challenging to gather and build unbiased quantitative models of their impacts. Here we harness the rare data set matching the spatial scale of pathogen invasion, host, and disease heterogeneity to estimate infection and mortality for the four most susceptible host species of Phytophthora ramorum, an invasive pathogen that drives the most important biological cause of tree mortality in a broad geographic region of coastal California and southwest Oregon. As of 2012, the most current field survey year, we estimate 17.5 (±4.6, 95% CI [confidence interval]) million tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) stems were pathogen killed with an additional 71 (±21.5) million infected. We estimated 9.0 million (±2.2) coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and 1.7 million (±0.5) California black oak (Quercus kelloggii) stems are disease impacted (mortality and infection combined). Lastly, our estimates suggest infection in 95.2 million (±8.6) California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), which does not suffer mortality from infection and represents a critical source of continued spread. Prevalent infection as of 2012 suggests the cumulative number of disease‐killed stems likely increased from 20.8 to 42.8 million between 2012 and 2019 for all species. While these impacts are substantial, most host populations occur in a yet to be invaded region of northern California indicating that the disease will intensify in the coming decades.
Short-term trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of arterial hypertension in Peru
Authors: Villarreal-Zegarra David , Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of hypertension has been declining in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, we have not identified studies that evaluate trends for awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in LMIC. We aimed to describe the trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Peru. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using secondary data (4 years) of the Demographic and Health Survey of Peru (ENDES, Spanish acronym), which is conducted annually and is representative at the country level. The age-standardized prevalence was estimated using the World Health Organization population as the reference population. The trend over time was evaluated with the score test for trend of odds. A total of 109,401 participants were included. In Peru, from 2015 to 2018, the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension increased (p < 0.001), while the proportion of people with disease awareness (p < 0.001) and controlled hypertension decreased (p = 0.01). During that same period, the proportion of people with treatment for hypertension did not vary over time (p = 0.13). In 2018, the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was 20.6%, and the proportion of people with disease awareness, treatment, and control of arterial hypertension was 43.5%, 20.6%, 5.3%, respectively. People with low socioeconomic status and people living in rural areas have the lowest proportion of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension.
The Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in COVID-19 with severe systemic hyperinflammation
Authors: La Rosée F. , Bremer H. C. , Gehrke I. , Kehr A. , Hochhaus A. , Birndt S. , Fellhauer M. , Henkes M. , Kumle B. , Russo S. G. , La Rosée P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 suffers from progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. These patients present with progressive hyperinflammation governed by proinflammatory cytokines. An interdisciplinary COVID-19 work flow was established to detect patients with imminent or full blown hyperinflammation. Using a newly developed COVID-19 Inflammation Score (CIS), patients were prospectively stratified for targeted inhibition of cytokine signalling by the Janus Kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (Rux). Patients were treated with efficacy/toxicity guided step up dosing up to 14 days. Retrospective analysis of CIS reduction and clinical outcome was performed. Out of 105 patients treated between March 30th and April 15th, 2020, 14 patients with a CIS ≥ 10 out of 16 points received Rux over a median of 9 days with a median cumulative dose of 135 mg. A total of 12/14 patients achieved significant reduction of CIS by ≥25% on day 7 with sustained clinical improvement in 11/14 patients without short term red flag warnings of Rux-induced toxicity. Rux treatment for COVID-19 in patients with hyperinflammation is shown to be safe with signals of efficacy in this pilot case series for CRS-intervention to prevent or overcome multiorgan failure. A multicenter phase-II clinical trial has been initiated (NCT04338958).
Gut microbiota modulation: a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Fong Winnie , Li Qing , Yu Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch about the role of gut microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC) is a newly emerging field of study. Gut microbiota modulation, with the aim to reverse established microbial dysbiosis, is a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of CRC. Different strategies including probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have been employed. Although these strategies show promising results, mechanistically by correcting microbiota composition, modulating innate immune system, enhancing gut barrier function, preventing pathogen colonization and exerting selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells, it should be noted that they are accompanied by risks and controversies that can potentially introduce clinical complications. During bench-to-bedside translation, evaluation of risk-and-benefit ratio, as well as patient selection, should be carefully performed. In view of the individualized host response to gut microbiome intervention, developing personalized microbiome therapy may be the key to successful clinical treatment.
Immunomodulatory effects of platelets on the severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease infected with enterovirus 71
Authors: Li Qianwen , Wang Yimeng , Xue Wenyao , Bian Zhengying , Gao Yue , Zeng Yu , Tang Lei , Tang Tiejun , Tian Ye , Guo Wei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection contributes to hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with severe neurogenic complications, leading to higher morbidity. In addition to their typical roles in coagulation, platelets could serve as essential immune regulatory cells to play a key role in the pathogenesis of this viral infection.

Methods
Platelet parameters were measured using an automatic hematology analyzer. T-helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of cytokines and key transcription factors were determined.

Results
The levels of platelet count and plateletcrit were positively associated with the severity of HFMD. Th1 and Th2 cells as well as their corresponding cytokines were increased in the severe group compared to the healthy volunteers. Moreover, the levels of platelets were negatively correlated with the level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), but positively correlated with the frequency of Th1 cells. Coculture of platelets and naive CD4+ T cells showed that platelets from mild patients promote Th1 cell differentiation and IFN-γ secretion.

Conclusions
Our study has shown for the first time that the distinct roles of platelets are responsible for the regulation of pathogenic CD4+ T cell differentiation and function in the pathogenesis of HFMD caused by EV71.

Impact

Our study has shown for the first time that the distinct roles of platelets are responsible for the regulation of pathogenic CD4+ T cell differentiation and function in the pathogenesis of HFMD caused by EV71.

For the first time, we have discovered the role of platelets in children’s HFMD caused by EV71 infection, which may provide a better treatment for HFMD in the future.

This article describes new discoveries in platelet immunity.
Genomic and physiological resilience in extreme environments are associated with a secure attachment style
Authors: Caputo Viviana , Pacilli Maria Giuseppina , Arisi Ivan , Mazza Tommaso , Brandi Rossella , Traversa Alice , Casasanta Giampietro , Pisa Edoardo , Sonnessa Michele , Healey Beth , Moggio Lorenzo , D’Onofrio Mara , Alleva Enrico , Macrì Simone 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding individual capability to adjust to protracted confinement and isolation may inform adaptive plasticity and disease vulnerability/resilience, and may have long-term implications for operations requiring prolonged presence in distant and restricted environments. Individual coping depends on many different factors encompassing psychological dispositional traits, endocrine reactivity and their underlying molecular mechanisms (e.g. gene expression). A positive view of self and others (secure attachment style) has been proposed to promote individual resilience under extreme environmental conditions. Here, we tested this hypothesis and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms in 13 healthy volunteers confined and isolated for 12 months in a research station located 1670 km away from the south geographic pole on the Antarctic Plateau at 3233 m above sea level. Study participants, stratified for attachment style, were characterised longitudinally (before, during and after confinement) for their psychological appraisal of the stressful nature of the expedition, diurnal fluctuations in endocrine stress reactivity, and gene expression profiling (transcriptomics). Predictably, a secure attachment style was associated with reduced psychological distress and endocrine vulnerability to stress. In addition, while prolonged confinement and isolation remarkably altered overall patterns of gene expression, such alteration was largely reduced in individuals characterised by a secure attachment style. Furthermore, increased resilience was associated with a reduced expression of genes involved in energy metabolism (mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation). Ultimately, our data indicate that a secure attachment style may favour individual resilience in extreme environments and that such resilience can be mapped onto identifiable molecular substrates.
Shared polygenic risk for ADHD, executive dysfunction and other psychiatric disorders
Authors: Chang Suhua , Yang Li , Wang Yufeng , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany psychiatric disorders are associated with impaired executive functioning (EF). The associated EF component varies by psychiatric disorders, and this variation might be due to genetic liability. We explored the genetic association between five psychiatric disorders and EF in clinically-recruited attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children using polygenic risk score (PRS) methodology. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for ADHD, major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BIP) and autism were used to calculate the PRSs. EF was evaluated by the Stroop test for inhibitory control, the trail-making test for cognitive flexibility, and the digital span test for working memory in a Chinese ADHD cohort (n = 1147). Exploratory factor analysis of the three measures identified one principal component for EF (EF-PC). Linear regression models were used to analyze the association between each PRS and the EF measures. The role of EF measures in mediating the effects of the PRSs on ADHD symptoms was also analyzed. The result showed the PRSs for MDD, ADHD and BIP were all significantly associated with the EF-PC. For each EF component, the association results were different for the PRSs of the five psychiatric disorders: the PRSs for ADHD and MDD were associated with inhibitory control (adjusted P = 0.0183 and 0.0313, respectively), the PRS for BIP was associated with working memory (adjusted P = 0.0416), and the PRS for SZ was associated with cognitive flexibility (adjusted P = 0.0335). All three EF measures were significantly correlated with ADHD symptoms. In mediation analyses, the ADHD and MDD PRSs, which were associated with inhibitory control, had significant indirect effects on ADHD symptoms through the mediation of inhibitory control. These findings indicate that the polygenic risks for several psychiatric disorders influence specific executive dysfunction in children with ADHD. The results helped to clarify the relationship between risk genes of each mental disorder and the intermediate cognitive domain, which may further help elucidate the risk genes and motivate efforts to develop EF measures as a diagnostic marker and future treatment target.
LncRNA FOXC2-AS1 enhances FOXC2 mRNA stability to promote colorectal cancer progression via activation of Ca2+-FAK signal pathway
Authors: Pan Ke , Xie Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed, which are involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). FOXC2 antisense RNA 1 (FOXC2-AS1) was reported, facilitating the proliferation and progression in several cancers. However, the role of FOXC2-AS1 in CRC cell migration and metastasis is not unclear. In this study, we observed that lncRNA FOXC2-AS1 was upregulated in CRC tissues, and its high expression indicated the poor survival in CRC patients. Meanwhile, FOXC2-AS1 was higher in CRC tissues with metastasis than that of nonmetastatic tumor tissues. We found that FOXC2-AS1 was predominately expressed in the nucleus of tissues and cells. FOXC2-AS1 knockdown suppressed CRC cell growth, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, FOXC2-AS1 could positively regulate the neighboring gene FOXC2 and stabilized FOXC2 mRNA by forming a RNA duplex. Meanwhile, ectopic expression of FOXC2 could obviously alleviate the suppressed effects caused by silencing FOXC2-AS1. For the mechanism, FOXC2-AS1 knockdown could reduce intracellular Ca2+ levels, inhibited FA formation and FAK signaling, and these suppressed effects were mitigated by increasing FOXC2 expression. These results demonstrated that FOXC2-AS1 enhances FOXC2 mRNA stability to promote CRC proliferation, migration, and invasion by activation of Ca2+-FAK signaling, which implicates that FOXC2-AS1 may represent a latent effective therapeutic target for CRC progression.