bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing mucosal immunity by transient microbiota depletion
Authors: Becattini Simone , Littmann Eric R. , Seok Ruth , Amoretti Luigi , Fontana Emily , Wright Roberta , Gjonbalaj Mergim , Leiner Ingrid M. , Plitas George , Hohl Tobias M. , Pamer Eric G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTissue resident memory CD8+ T cells (Trm) are poised for immediate reactivation at sites of pathogen entry and provide optimal protection of mucosal surfaces. The intestinal tract represents a portal of entry for many infectious agents; however, to date specific strategies to enhance Trm responses at this site are lacking. Here, we present TMDI (Transient Microbiota Depletion-boosted Immunization), an approach that leverages antibiotic treatment to temporarily restrain microbiota-mediated colonization resistance, and favor intestinal expansion to high densities of an orally-delivered Listeria monocytogenes strain carrying an antigen of choice. By augmenting the local chemotactic gradient as well as the antigenic load, this procedure generates a highly expanded pool of functional, antigen-specific intestinal Trm, ultimately enhancing protection against infectious re-challenge in mice. We propose that TMDI is a useful model to dissect the requirements for optimal Trm responses in the intestine, and also a potential platform to devise novel mucosal vaccination approaches.
Intestinal microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulation of immune cell IL-22 production and gut immunity
Authors: Yang Wenjing , Yu Tianming , Huang Xiangsheng , Bilotta Anthony J. , Xu Leiqi , Lu Yao , Sun Jiaren , Pan Fan , Zhou Jia , Zhang Wenbo , Yao Suxia , Maynard Craig L. , Singh Nagendra , Dann Sara M. , Liu Zhanju , Cong Yingzi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and CD4+ T cells produce IL-22, which is critical for intestinal immunity. The microbiota is central to IL-22 production in the intestines; however, the factors that regulate IL-22 production by CD4+ T cells and ILCs are not clear. Here, we show that microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) promote IL-22 production by CD4+ T cells and ILCs through G-protein receptor 41 (GPR41) and inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC). SCFAs upregulate IL-22 production by promoting aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression, which are differentially regulated by mTOR and Stat3. HIF1α binds directly to the Il22 promoter, and SCFAs increase HIF1α binding to the Il22 promoter through histone modification. SCFA supplementation enhances IL-22 production, which protects intestines from inflammation. SCFAs promote human CD4+ T cell IL-22 production. These findings establish the roles of SCFAs in inducing IL-22 production in CD4+ T cells and ILCs to maintain intestinal homeostasis.
Microenvironment-responsive immunoregulatory electrospun fibers for promoting nerve function recovery
Authors: Xi Kun , Gu Yong , Tang Jincheng , Chen Hao , Xu Yun , Wu Liang , Cai Feng , Deng Lianfu , Yang Huilin , Shi Qin , Cui Wenguo , Chen Liang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe strategies concerning modification of the complex immune pathological inflammatory environment during acute spinal cord injury remain oversimplified and superficial. Inspired by the acidic microenvironment at acute injury sites, a functional pH-responsive immunoregulation-assisted neural regeneration strategy was constructed. With the capability of directly responding to the acidic microenvironment at focal areas followed by triggered release of the IL-4 plasmid-loaded liposomes within a few hours to suppress the release of inflammatory cytokines and promote neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, the microenvironment-responsive immunoregulatory electrospun fibers were implanted into acute spinal cord injury rats. Together with sustained release of nerve growth factor (NGF) achieved by microsol core-shell structure, the immunological fiber scaffolds were revealed to bring significantly shifted immune cells subtype to down-regulate the acute inflammation response, reduce scar tissue formation, promote angiogenesis as well as neural differentiation at the injury site, and enhance functional recovery in vivo. Overall, this strategy provided a delivery system through microenvironment-responsive immunological regulation effect so as to break through the current dilemma from the contradiction between immune response and nerve regeneration, providing an alternative for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury.
Modulating electrolyte structure for ultralow temperature aqueous zinc batteries
Authors: Zhang Qiu , Ma Yilin , Lu Yong , Li Lin , Wan Fang , Zhang Kai , Chen Jun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRechargeable aqueous batteries are an up-and-coming system for potential large-scale energy storage due to their high safety and low cost. However, the freeze of aqueous electrolyte limits the low-temperature operation of such batteries. Here, we report the breakage of original hydrogen-bond network in ZnCl2 solution by modulating electrolyte structure, and thus suppressing the freeze of water and depressing the solid-liquid transition temperature of the aqueous electrolyte from 0 to –114 °C. This ZnCl2-based low-temperature electrolyte renders polyaniline||Zn batteries available to operate in an ultra-wide temperature range from –90 to +60 °C, which covers the earth surface temperature in record. Such polyaniline||Zn batteries are robust at –70 °C (84.9 mA h g−1) and stable during over 2000 cycles with ~100% capacity retention. This work significantly provides an effective strategy to propel low-temperature aqueous batteries via tuning the electrolyte structure and widens the application range of temperature adaptation of aqueous batteries.
Dislocation and oxygen-release driven delithiation in Li2MnO3
Authors: Nakayama Kei , Ishikawa Ryo , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLithium-excess layered cathode materials such as Li2MnO3 have attracted much attention owing to their high energy densities. It has been proposed that oxygen-release and cation-mixing might be induced by delithiation. However, it is still unclear as to how the delithiated-region grows. Here, by using atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we directly observe the atomic structures at the interface between pristine and delithiated regions in the partially delithiated Li2MnO3 single crystal. We elucidate that the delithiated regions have extensive amounts of irreversible defects such as oxygen-release and Mn/Li cation-mixing. At the interface, a partially cation disordered structure is formed, where Mn migration occurred only in the specific Mn/Li layers. Besides, a number of dislocations are formed at the interface to compensate the lattice mismatch between the pristine and delithiated regions. The observed oxygen-release and dislocations could govern the growth of delithiated-regions and performance degradation in Li2MnO3.
Antibiotic susceptibility signatures identify potential antimicrobial targets in the Acinetobacter baumannii cell envelope
Authors: Geisinger Edward , Mortman Nadav J. , Dai Yunfei , Cokol Murat , Syal Sapna , Farinha Andrew , Fisher Delaney G. , Tang Amy Y. , Lazinski David W. , Wood Stephen , Anthony Jon , van Opijnen Tim , Isberg Ralph R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA unique, protective cell envelope contributes to the broad drug resistance of the nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. Here we use transposon insertion sequencing to identify A. baumannii mutants displaying altered susceptibility to a panel of diverse antibiotics. By examining mutants with antibiotic susceptibility profiles that parallel mutations in characterized genes, we infer the function of multiple uncharacterized envelope proteins, some of which have roles in cell division or cell elongation. Remarkably, mutations affecting a predicted cell wall hydrolase lead to alterations in lipooligosaccharide synthesis. In addition, the analysis of altered susceptibility signatures and antibiotic-induced morphology patterns allows us to predict drug synergies; for example, certain beta-lactams appear to work cooperatively due to their preferential targeting of specific cell wall assembly machineries. Our results indicate that the pathogen may be effectively inhibited by the combined targeting of multiple pathways critical for envelope growth.
A role for annexin A2 in scaffolding the peroxiredoxin 2–STAT3 redox relay complex
Authors: Talwar Deepti , Messens Joris , Dick Tobias P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is recognized to act as a signaling molecule. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have the ability to transfer H2O2-derived oxidizing equivalents to redox-regulated target proteins, thus facilitating the transmission of H2O2 signals. It has remained unclear how Prxs and their target proteins are brought together to allow for target-specific protein thiol oxidation. Addressing the specific case of Prx2-dependent STAT3 oxidation, we here show that the association of the two proteins occurs prior to Prx oxidation and depends on a scaffolding protein, the membrane chaperone annexin A2. Deletion or depletion of annexin A2 interrupts the transfer of oxidizing equivalents from Prx2 to STAT3, which is observed to take place on membranes. These findings support the notion that the Prx2-STAT3 redox relay is part of a highly organized membrane signaling domain.
Rapid and dynamic processing of face pareidolia in the human brain
Authors: Wardle Susan G. , Taubert Jessica , Teichmann Lina , Baker Chris I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe human brain is specialized for face processing, yet we sometimes perceive illusory faces in objects. It is unknown whether these natural errors of face detection originate from a rapid process based on visual features or from a slower, cognitive re-interpretation. Here we use a multifaceted approach to understand both the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of illusory face representation in the brain by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetoencephalography neuroimaging data with model-based analysis. We find that the representation of illusory faces is confined to occipital-temporal face-selective visual cortex. The temporal dynamics reveal a striking evolution in how illusory faces are represented relative to human faces and matched objects. Illusory faces are initially represented more similarly to real faces than matched objects are, but within ~250 ms, the representation transforms, and they become equivalent to ordinary objects. This is consistent with the initial recruitment of a broadly-tuned face detection mechanism which privileges sensitivity over selectivity.
Fonio millet genome unlocks African orphan crop diversity for agriculture in a changing climate
Authors: Abrouk Michael , Ahmed Hanin Ibrahim , Cubry Philippe , Šimoníková Denisa , Cauet Stéphane , Pailles Yveline , Bettgenhaeuser Jan , Gapa Liubov , Scarcelli Nora , Couderc Marie , Zekraoui Leila , Kathiresan Nagarajan , Čížková Jana , Hřibová Eva , Doležel Jaroslav , Arribat Sandrine , Bergès Hélène , Wieringa Jan J. , Gueye Mathieu , Kane Ndjido A. , Leclerc Christian , Causse Sandrine , Vancoppenolle Sylvie , Billot Claire , Wicker Thomas , Vigouroux Yves , Barnaud Adeline , Krattinger Simon G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSustainable food production in the context of climate change necessitates diversification of agriculture and a more efficient utilization of plant genetic resources. Fonio millet (Digitaria exilis) is an orphan African cereal crop with a great potential for dryland agriculture. Here, we establish high-quality genomic resources to facilitate fonio improvement through molecular breeding. These include a chromosome-scale reference assembly and deep re-sequencing of 183 cultivated and wildDigitariaaccessions, enabling insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and domestication. Fonio diversity is shaped by climatic, geographic, and ethnolinguistic factors. Two genes associated with seed size and shattering showed signatures of selection. Most known domestication genes from other cereal models however have not experienced strong selection in fonio, providing direct targets to rapidly improve this crop for agriculture in hot and dry environments.
Three-dimensional imaging through scattering media based on confocal diffuse tomography
Authors: Lindell David B. , Wetzstein Gordon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOptical imaging techniques, such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR), are essential tools in remote sensing, robotic vision, and autonomous driving. However, the presence of scattering places fundamental limits on our ability to image through fog, rain, dust, or the atmosphere. Conventional approaches for imaging through scattering media operate at microscopic scales or require a priori knowledge of the target location for 3D imaging. We introduce a technique that co-designs single-photon avalanche diodes, ultra-fast pulsed lasers, and a new inverse method to capture 3D shape through scattering media. We demonstrate acquisition of shape and position for objects hidden behind a thick diffuser (≈6 transport mean free paths) at macroscopic scales. Our technique, confocal diffuse tomography, may be of considerable value to the aforementioned applications.
Natural emotion vocabularies as windows on distress and well-being
Authors: Vine Vera , Boyd Ryan L. , Pennebaker James W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo date we know little about natural emotion word repertoires, and whether or how they are associated with emotional functioning. Principles from linguistics suggest that the richness or diversity of individuals’ actively used emotion vocabularies may correspond with their typical emotion experiences. The current investigation measures active emotion vocabularies in participant-generated natural speech and examined their relationships to individual differences in mood, personality, and physical and emotional well-being. Study 1 analyzes stream-of-consciousness essays by 1,567 college students. Study 2 analyzes public blogs written by over 35,000 individuals. The studies yield consistent findings that emotion vocabulary richness corresponds broadly with experience. Larger negative emotion vocabularies correlate with more psychological distress and poorer physical health. Larger positive emotion vocabularies correlate with higher well-being and better physical health. Findings support theories linking language use and development with lived experience and may have future clinical implications pending further research.
MCL-1 gains occur with high frequency in lung adenocarcinoma and can be targeted therapeutically
Authors: Munkhbaatar Enkhtsetseg , Dietzen Michelle , Agrawal Deepti , Anton Martina , Jesinghaus Moritz , Boxberg Melanie , Pfarr Nicole , Bidola Pidassa , Uhrig Sebastian , Höckendorf Ulrike , Meinhardt Anna-Lena , Wahida Adam , Heid Irina , Braren Rickmer , Mishra Ritu , Warth Arne , Muley Thomas , Poh Patrina S. P. , Wang Xin , Fröhling Stefan , Steiger Katja , Slotta-Huspenina Julia , van Griensven Martijn , Pfeiffer Franz , Lange Sebastian , Rad Roland , Spella Magda , Stathopoulos Georgios T. , Ruland Jürgen , Bassermann Florian , Weichert Wilko , Strasser Andreas , Branca Caterina , Heikenwalder Mathias , Swanton Charles , McGranahan Nicholas , Jost Philipp J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEvasion of programmed cell death represents a critical form of oncogene addiction in cancer cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning cancer cell survival despite the oncogenic stress could provide a molecular basis for potential therapeutic interventions. Here we explore the role of pro-survival genes in cancer cell integrity during clonal evolution in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We identify gains of MCL-1 at high frequency in multiple independent NSCLC cohorts, occurring both clonally and subclonally. Clonal loss of functional TP53 is significantly associated with subclonal gains of MCL-1. In mice, tumour progression is delayed upon pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of MCL-1. These findings reveal that MCL-1 gains occur with high frequency in lung adenocarcinoma and can be targeted therapeutically.
Robust metal ion-chelated polymer interfacial layer for ultraflexible non-fullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Qin Fei , Wang Wen , Sun Lulu , Jiang Xueshi , Hu Lin , Xiong Sixing , Liu Tiefeng , Dong Xinyun , Li Jing , Jiang Youyu , Hou Jianhui , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao , Zhou Yinhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAchieving high power conversion efficiency and good mechanical robustness is still challenging for the ultraflexible organic solar cells. Interlayers simultaneously having good mechanical robustness and good chemical compatibility with the active layer are highly desirable. In this work, we present an interlayer of Zn2+-chelated polyethylenimine (denoted as PEI-Zn), which can endure a maximum bending strain over twice as high as that of ZnO and is chemically compatible with the recently emerging efficient nonfullerene active layers. On 1.3 μm polyethylene naphthalate substrates, ultraflexible nonfullerene solar cells with the PEI-Zn interlayer display a power conversion efficiency of 12.3% on PEDOT:PSS electrodes and 15.0% on AgNWs electrodes. Furthermore, the ultraflexible cells show nearly unchanged power conversion efficiency during 100 continuous compression-flat deformation cycles with a compression ratio of 45%. At the end, the ultraflexible cell is demonstrated to be attached onto the finger joint and displays reversible current output during the finger bending-spreading.
Molecular impact of launch related dynamic vibrations and static hypergravity in planarians
Authors: de Sousa Nídia , Caporicci Marcello , Vandersteen Jeroen , Rojo-Laguna Jose Ignacio , Saló Emili , Adell Teresa , Auletta Gennaro , van Loon Jack J.W.A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough many examples of simulated and real microgravity demonstrating their profound effect on biological systems are described in literature, few reports deal with hypergravity and vibration effects, the levels of which are severely increased during the launch preceding the desired microgravity period. Here, we used planarians, flatworms that can regenerate any body part in a few days. Planarians are an ideal model to study the impact of launch-related hypergravity and vibration during a regenerative process in a “whole animal” context. Therefore, planarians were subjected to 8.5 minutes of 4 g hypergravity (i.e. a human-rated launch level) in the Large Diameter Centrifuge (LDC) and/or to vibrations (20–2000 Hz, 11.3 Grms) simulating the conditions of a standard rocket launch. The transcriptional levels of genes (erg-1, runt-1, fos, jnk, and yki) related with the early stress response were quantified through qPCR. The results show that early response genes are severely deregulated after static and dynamic loads but more so after a combined exposure of dynamic (vibration) and static (hypergravity) loads, more closely simulating real launch exposure profiles. Importantly, at least four days after the exposure, the transcriptional levels of those genes are still deregulated. Our results highlight the deep impact that short exposures to hypergravity and vibration have in organisms, and thus the implications that space flight launch could have. These phenomena should be taken into account when planning for well-controlled microgravity studies.
Curved digital X-ray detectors
Authors: van Breemen Albert J.J.M. , Simon Matthias , Tousignant Olivier , Shanmugam Santhosh , van der Steen Jan-Laurens , Akkerman Hylke B. , Kronemeijer Auke , Ruetten Walter , Raaijmakers Rob , Alving Lex , Jacobs Jan , Malinowski Pawel E. , De Roose Florian , Gelinck Gerwin H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA curved image sensor on plastic foil has been developed for cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) X-ray imaging. The image sensor of about 6 × 8 cm2 size has been built on a thin polyimide foil with an indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) backplane and an organic photodetectors (OPD) frontplane. A flexible cesium iodide (CsI) scintillator has been attached to the optical sensor with 480 × 640 pixels of 126 µm size. Dark current density of the OPD was low with less than 10−7 mA/cm2 at −2 V, while an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of about 50% was reached in the visible wavelength range matched to the scintillator output. The image quality of the digital X-ray detector allowed for 3D reconstruction images of a bone phantom on a rotating stage with a lab setup. The curved detector with 32 cm curvature radius opens up the path for very compact CBCT gantries with largely reduced footprint.
Mining genetic and transcriptomic data using machine learning approaches in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Su Chang , Tong Jie , Wang Fei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh-throughput techniques have generated abundant genetic and transcriptomic data of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients but data analysis approaches such as traditional statistical methods have not provided much in the way of insightful integrated analysis or interpretation of the data. As an advanced computational approach, machine learning, which enables people to identify complex patterns and insight from data, has consequently been harnessed to analyze and interpret large, highly complex genetic and transcriptomic data toward a better understanding of PD. In particular, machine learning models have been developed to integrate patient genotype data alone or combined with demographic, clinical, neuroimaging, and other information, for PD outcome study. They have also been used to identify biomarkers of PD based on transcriptomic data, e.g., gene expression profiles from microarrays. This study overviews the relevant literature on using machine learning models for genetic and transcriptomic data analysis in PD, points out remaining challenges, and suggests future directions accordingly. Undoubtedly, the use of machine learning is amplifying PD genetic and transcriptomic achievements for accelerating the study of PD. Existing studies have demonstrated the great potential of machine learning in discovering hidden patterns within genetic or transcriptomic information and thus revealing clues underpinning pathology and pathogenesis. Moving forward, by addressing the remaining challenges, machine learning may advance our ability to precisely diagnose, prognose, and treat PD.
Comparing health status between patients with COPD in primary, secondary and tertiary care
Authors: de Klein Mieke M. , Peters Jeannette B. , van ’t Hul Alex J. , Akkermans Reinier P. , in ’t Veen Johannes C. , Vercoulen Jan H. , Bischoff Erik W. , Schermer Tjard R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, we compare health status between COPD patients treated in three different care levels in the Netherlands and assess determinants that influence their health status. We applied the Nijmegen Clinical Screening Instrument to measure eight health status subdomains in primary (n = 289), secondary (n = 184) and tertiary care (n = 433) COPD patient cohorts. Proportions of patients with severe problems in ≥3 subdomains are 47% in primary, 71% in secondary and 94% in tertiary care. Corrected for patient characteristics, differences between the care levels are statistically significant for nearly all health status subdomains. The pooled cohort data show female sex, age, FEV1 % predicted and BMI to be determinants of one or more subdomains. We conclude that the proportion of COPD patients with severe health status problems is substantial, not just in tertiary care but also in primary and secondary care. Use of detailed health status information may support patient-tailored COPD care.