bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperative behaviour and phenotype plasticity evolve during melanoma progression
Authors: Rowling Emily J. , Miskolczi Zsofia , Nagaraju Raghavendar , Wilcock Daniel J. , Wang Ping , Telfer Brian , Li Yaoyong , Lasheras-Otero Irene , Redondo-Muñoz Marta , Sharrocks Andrew D. , Arozarena Imanol , Wellbrock Claudia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA major challenge for managing melanoma is its tumour heterogeneity based on individual co‐existing melanoma cell phenotypes. These phenotypes display variable responses to standard therapies, and they drive individual steps of melanoma progression; hence, understanding their behaviour is imperative. Melanoma phenotypes are defined by distinct transcriptional states, which relate to different melanocyte lineage development phases, ranging from a mesenchymal, neural crest‐like to a proliferative, melanocytic phenotype. It is thought that adaptive phenotype plasticity based on transcriptional reprogramming drives melanoma progression, but at which stage individual phenotypes dominate and moreover, how they interact is poorly understood. We monitored melanocytic and mesenchymal phenotypes throughout melanoma progression and detected transcriptional reprogramming at different stages, with a gain in mesenchymal traits in circulating melanoma cells (CTCs) and proliferative features in metastatic tumours. Intriguingly, we found that distinct phenotype populations interact in a cooperative manner, which generates tumours of greater “fitness,” supports CTCs and expands organotropic cues in metastases. Fibronectin, expressed in mesenchymal cells, acts as key player in cooperativity and promotes survival of melanocytic cells. Our data reveal an important role for inter‐phenotype communications at various stages of disease progression, suggesting these communications could act as therapeutic target.
Phototherapy May be a Useful Adjuvant Therapy for Retractable Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hong Ji Yeon , Kim Myung Hwa , Lee Ji Hyun , Han Hye Sung , Seo Seong Jun , Park Kui Young , Park Young Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe recent guideline on the management of urticaria recommends second‐generation H1 antihistamine as the first‐line therapy, with dose increases of up to fourfold and the addition of omalizumab or cyclosporine if inadequately controlled. However, the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is often disappointing. Therefore, a safe and effective treatment option is needed for refractory CSU. To evaluate whether phototherapy can relieve urticarial symptoms and serve as an additional treatment for CSU uncontrolled with antihistamine, we performed a qualitative systematic review. Our result suggests that NBUVB could be an effective complementary treatment modality to manage refractory CSU.
Efficacy of narrow‐band ultraviolet‐B therapy in patch‐stage mycosis fungoides: A clinical study and review of the literature
Authors: Atci Tugba , Baykal Can 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeWe investigated the efficacy of narrow‐band UVB in patch‐stage MF and reviewed the literature to re‐evaluate the role of this phototherapy method in early MF.MethodsEarly‐stage MF patients treated with narrow‐band UVB were included. Number of narrow‐band UVB treatment sessions, treatment duration, cumulative UV dose, clinical response results, side effects, duration of the remission period and relapse rate were evaluated.ResultsComplete response rate was 86.7% in sixty patients with MF. Mean number of treatment sessions was 62.9 ± 15.1, treatment duration was 32.1 ± 10.7 weeks, and mean cumulative UV dose was 62.1 ± 41.9 J/cm2 in patients with complete response. Mean duration of remission was 10.3 ± 11.0 months, and relapse rate was 70% in a mean follow‐up of 21.9 ± 16.4 months. Mild regional erythema (6.7%) and pruritus (8.3%) were main side effects. There were no significant differences between stage IA and stage IB patients in terms of treatment parameters and duration of remission period.ConclusionsOur study confirms that narrow‐band UVB is effective for the management of the patch‐stage MF without serious side effects. Extent of the skin lesions did not affect the efficacy of phototherapy. However, due to the short duration of remission, a further option such as an optimal maintenance therapy protocol should be considered.
Cytokine and goblet cell gene expression in equine cyathostomin infection and larvicidal anthelmintic therapy
Authors: Steuer Ashley E. , Stewart John C. , Barker Virginia D. , Adams Amanda A. , Nielsen Martin K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThe role of the immune response to cyathostomin infections in horses remains unknown. Intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia has previously been noted as a component in cyathostomin infection; however, the function is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the local and systemic gene expression to cyathostomin infections following larvicidal treatment and explore their relation to goblet cells.Methods and ResultsThirty‐six ponies with naturally acquired cyathostomin infections were randomly allocated into three groups: fenbendazole‐treated (10 mg/kg PO 5 days), moxidectin‐treated (0.4 mg/kg PO once) and untreated control. Whole blood from all horses was collected weekly, and tissue samples from the large intestine collected during necropsy at 2 and 5 weeks post‐treatment (WPT). Gene expression of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐17A, IL‐22, IFN‐γ, resistin‐like molecule beta (RELM‐β), Mucin 2 (MUC2) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α was measured using qRT‐PCR. There were statistically significant linear correlations between luminal worm burdens and MUC2 (r = −.2358) and RELM‐β (r = −.2261).ConclusionThis suggests an active role of immune system post‐treatment in parasite expulsion, specifically in goblet cells, and that the organs respond differently to treatment and the larvae themselves. This may have implications in the disease process and treatment.
The peripheral immune response of mice infected with a neuropathogenic schistosome
Authors: Majer Martin , Macháček Tomáš , Súkeníková Lenka , Hrdý Jiří , Horák Petr 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTrichobilharzia regenti (Schistosomatidae) percutaneously infects birds and mammals and invades their central nervous system (CNS). Here, we characterized the peripheral immune response of infected mice and showed how it was influenced by the parasite‐induced inflammation in the skin and the CNS. As revealed by flow cytometry, T cells expanded in the spleen and the CNS‐draining lymph nodes 7‐14 days post‐infection. Both T‐bet+ and GATA‐3+ T cells were markedly elevated suggesting a mixed type 1/2 immune response. However, it dropped after 7 dpi most likely being unaffected by the neuroinflammation. Splenocytes from infected mice produced a high amount of IFN‐γ and, to a lesser extent, IL‐10, IL‐4 and IL‐17 after in vitro stimulation by cercarial homogenate. Nevertheless, it had only a limited capacity to alter the maturation status of bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), contrary to the recombinant T. regenti cathepsin B2, which also strongly augmented expression of Ccl5, Cxcl10, Il12a, Il33 and Il10 by BMDCs. Taken together, mice infected with T. regenti developed the mixed type 1/2 immune response, which was driven by the early skin inflammation rather than the late neuroinflammation. Parasite peptidases might play an active role in triggering the host immune response.
Evaluation of the cold tolerance of Saccharum spontaneum L. clones with different ploidy levels on the basis of morphological and physiological indices
Authors: Yang H.‐L. , Yu X.‐H. , Wang C.‐F. , Yang Y. , Wang X.‐H. , Yang Q.‐H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Saccharum spontaneum L. is one of the most important germplasm resources for modern sugarcane breeding. Exploring the cold tolerance of S. spontaneum clones with different ploidy levels and screening for cold‐tolerant material can be helpful in parent selection for breeding cold‐tolerant sugarcane.

Morphological indices, leaf ultrastructure and physiological indices were used to evaluate the cold tolerance of 36 S. spontaneum clones with different ploidy levels (2n = 40, 48, 54, 60, 64, 78, 80, 88, 92 and 96).

The morphological indices of S. spontaneum clones with different ploidy levels were positively correlated with ploidy. Under low‐temperature stress, the chloroplast and mitochondrial structures of the clones with high ploidy were more severely damaged than were those of clones with low ploidy. A comprehensive evaluation of the physiological indices showed that the 36 S. spontaneum clones could be divided into four categories: strongly cold tolerant, cold tolerant, moderately cold tolerant and cold sensitive. Correlation analysis of the morphological indices and cold tolerance revealed a significant negative correlation between cold tolerance and ploidy. On the basis of the morphological and physiological indices, optimal stepwise regression equations that can be used for the selection of cold‐tolerant S. spontaneum resources were established.

The S. spontaneum clones with low ploidy are more cold tolerant than those with high ploidy. Clones 12‐37, 13‐10 and 12‐23 are strongly cold‐tolerant germplasm resources, which suggests these germplasm sources have high potential for use in breeding cold‐tolerant sugarcane.
The elicitor protein BcIEB1 and the derived peptide ieb35 provide long‐term plant protection
Authors: Pérez‐Hernández Alicia , González Mario , González Celedonio , Brito Nélida 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBcIEB is a small protein secreted by the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea that is recognized as a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) by plants. This activity is mapped to a highly conserved region of 35 amino acids, the peptide ieb35. Moreover, it has been shown that the protein and the peptide induce systemic resistance to B. cinerea after their infiltration into tobacco leaves. In this work, the possible use of BcIBE1 or ieb35 as plant protective agents has been tested. Tobacco plants were sprayed, infiltrated, or treated at the seedling stage with the protein or the peptide, and plant susceptibility to pathogens with different lifestyles was then studied at various times after treatment. The results showed that both BcIEB1 and ieb35 caused a similar reduction in the lesion sizes caused by B. cinerea and in colonization by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (reduced by c. 30% and c. 40%, respectively), independently of the treatment type. In addition, the number of B. cinerea inoculations leading to successful infections was also reduced in plants infiltrated or sprayed with BcIEB1/ieb35. The defence‐related genes PR1a, NPR1, and osmotin ap24 were all induced by the protein and the peptide. BcIEB1, and especially ieb35, may be considered as a potential environmentally friendly treatment to increase plant resistance to pathogens.
Ovarian and uterine arteries blood flow waveform response in the first two cycles following superstimulation in cows
Authors: Abdelnaby Elshymaa A. , Abo El‐Maaty Amal M. , El‐Badry Diya A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo investigate the ovarian and uterine blood flow responses, hemodynamic, circulating ovarian hormones and nitric oxide (NO) after end of treatment by Folltropin. Holstein Friesian (12) cows previously synchronized with CIDR underwent Doppler ultrasound after administrating of FSH daily for 4 days in eight injections started on day 10 of the second ovulation (day −5). Oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and nitric oxide (NOMs) were measured. During the follicular phase, follicle area and antrum area of the second cycle reached maximum value on the day of ovulation compared with that in the first cycle, while during the luteal phase, both showed a pattern of increase and decrease. The luteal area and total coloured area increased till day 10 in the first and second cycle. The first cycle ipsilateral ovarian artery (Ov.A) had higher pulsatility (PI) (p = .001), resistance (RI) (p = .001), peak velocity (PSV) (p = .009) and lower end‐diastolic velocity (EDV) (p = .003) compared with the second cycle. The increased ipsilateral Ov.A PSV (p = .009) was accompanied by lower EDV. The first cycle ipsilateral middle uterine artery (MUA) had higher PI (p = .001) and RI (p = .001), with lower PSV (p = .001) and EDV (p = .001). It was concluded that blood flow of ovarian and middle uterine arteries changed after the end of superstimulation as the increased ipsilateral Ov. A and MUA PSVs accompanied by lower EDV and both Doppler indices that reflect the amount of ovarian and uterine blood flow waveform.
Tariff liberalization and product standards: Regulatory chill and race to the bottom?
Authors: Aisbett Emma , Silberberger Magdalene 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDoes tariff liberalization cause regulatory chill by putting downward pressure on health, safety, and environmental standards? Or does it cause a race to the top as governments seek to use standards as nontariff barriers to trade? There remains remarkably little empirical evidence to answer these long‐debated questions. We seek to address this lack by analyzing annual country‐by‐industry data on notifications of changes in sanitary and phytosanitary standards by world trade organization members. Our results suggest that the impact of increased trade pressure depends on whether domestic producers are likely to gain or lose from a change in standards. Regulatory chill is the dominant response in most countries, but countries in which producers can adapt to standards relatively cheaply appear to race to the top. Consequently, tariff liberalization encourages divergence in standards across countries.
Reflective Listening Visualization: Enhancing Interdisciplinary Disaster Research through the Use of Visualization Techniques
Authors: DeRouen JoAnne , Smith Kari J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReflective Listening Visualization is an interdisciplinary research method and iterative process that includes the participation and involvement of multiple team members of different disciplines when (1) conducting in‐depth interviews, (2) performing thematic analysis of the interview data, (3) using the emergent themes as basis to design visual representations of the themes, (4) presenting the visuals back to the interviewee for feedback, and (5) using the feedback to confirm the visual, refine the existing visual, or to create a new visual. Fundamentally, the Reflective Listening Visualization technique is an enhanced communication tool that aims to increase the community member's voice and to verify the understanding of their experiences, ideas, and concerns while also enhancing the interdisciplinary learning potential of the research team. In this article, we describe the Reflective Listening Visualization process and discuss how the Reflective Listening Visualization process allows for (1) improved communication between interdisciplinary team members, (2) understanding of residents’ wants and needs for their community, (3) increasing rapport with residents, (4) building trust between residents and between residents and researchers, (5) accurate representation of residents ideas, and (6) community members to become motivated about the possibilities of the future of their community.
Insights From Modeling Preventive Supplemental Immunization Activities as a Strategy to Eliminate Wild Poliovirus Transmission in Pakistan and Afghanistan
Authors: Kalkowska Dominika A. , Thompson Kimberly M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany countries use supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to keep their population immunity to transmission high using preventive, planned SIAs (pSIAs) and outbreaks response SIAs (oSIAs). Prior studies suggested that investment in pSIAs saved substantial health and financial costs due to avoided outbreaks. However, questions remain about the benefits of SIAs, particularly with the recent introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) into routine immunization in all OPV‐using countries. The mounting costs of polio eradication activities and the need to respond to oSIAs threatens the use of limited financial resources for pSIAs, including in the remaining countries with endemic transmission of serotype 1 wild poliovirus (WPV1) (i.e., Pakistan and Afghanistan). A recent updated global poliovirus transmission model suggested that the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) is not on track to stop transmission of WPV1 in Pakistan and Afghanistan. We use the updated global model to explore the role of pSIAs to achieve WPV1 eradication. We find that unless Pakistan and Afghanistan manage to increase the quality of bivalent OPV (bOPV) pSIAs, which we model as intensity (i.e., sufficiently high‐coverage bOPV pSIAs that reach missed children), the model does not lead to successful eradication of WPV1. Achieving WPV1 eradication, the global objectives of the GPEI, and a successful polio endgame depend on effective and sufficient use of OPV. IPV use plays a negligible role in stopping transmission in Pakistan and Afghanistan and most other countries supported by the GPEI, and more IPV use will not help to stop transmission.
Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells suppress osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Chang Qing , Li Chao , Lu Yunjie , Geng Rui , Wei Ji‐nan , Hu Jun‐zheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOsteoclasts are responsible for bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) can inhibit experimental collagen‐induced arthritis model. This study aims to determine whether ADSCs also suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). Osteoclasts were induced from bone marrow‐derived CD11b+ cells with receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κ B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) stimulation and assessed with tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. For human cells, osteoclasts were produced from human CD14+ cells. ADSCs were generated and added to cultures with different ratios with CD11b+ cells. Transwell and antibody blockade experiments were performed to define the mechanism of action. NF‐κB and RANKL expression were determined by Western blotting and RT‐qPCR. About 2 × 106 ADSCs or fibroblast cells were adoptively transferred to DBA1/J mice on day 14 after immunization with type II collagen/complete Freund's adjuvant (CII/CFA) while the onset and severity of the CIA were monitored. Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells but not fibroblast cells completely suppressed osteoclastogenesis in vitro for human and mice. ADSCs injected after immunization and before of onset of CIA significantly suppressed disease development. Treatment with ADSCs dramatically decreased the levels of NF‐κB p65/p50 in osteoclasts in vitro and P65/50 and RANKL expression by synovial tissues in vivo. We have demonstrated that ADSCs can inhibit RANKL‐induced osteoclasts genesis via CD39 signals. Our findings also suggest that ADSCs can inhibit osteoclasts genesis without the involvement of regulatory T cells. ADSCs might represent a promising strategy for stem cell‐based therapies for RA. Thus, manipulation of ADSCs may have therapeutic effects on RA and other bone erosion–related diseases.
Expansive and contractive communication scope: A construal level perspective on the relationship between interpersonal distance and communicative abstraction
Authors: Wakslak Cheryl , Joshi Priyanka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeople adopt an expansive relational scope when communicating with psychologically distant audiences and a contractive relational scope when communicating with psychologically near audiences. We review recent research that has adopted a Construal Level Theory perspective to examine the impact of psychological distance of an audience on interpersonal communication. People communicate more abstractly when communicating with a distant audience and more concretely when communicating with an audience that is more proximal; correspondingly, communicating abstractly orients people toward more distant others and communicating concretely toward more proximal others. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the relationship between distance and communicative abstraction is dynamic and is influenced by communication goals and situational contexts. Moreover, a communicator's level of abstraction is consequential, influencing both how the communicator is perceived by observers and the potential effectiveness of the communication. We close by pointing to additional open questions and areas for future research.
Systematic review of interventions for reducing stigma experienced by children with disabilities and their families in low‐ and middle‐income countries: state of the evidence
Authors: Smythe Tracey , Adelson Jaimie D , Polack Sarah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo identify and assess the evidence for interventions to reduce stigma experienced by children with disabilities and their families in low‐ and middle‐income settings.MethodsSystematic review of seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, CINAHL, IBSS) for studies of interventions that aimed to reduce stigma for children with disabilities published from January 2000 to April 2018. Data were extracted on study population, study design, intervention level(s) and target group, and type(s) of stigma addressed. A narrative approach was used to synthesise the results.ResultsTwenty studies were included. The majority (65%) of interventions targeted enacted stigma (negative attitudes) and the most common intervention approach was education/training (63%). Over half (54%) of interventions were delivered at the organisational/institutional level, and only four studies targeted more than one social level. The most common disability targeted was epilepsy (50%) followed by intellectual impairment (20%). The majority of studies (n = 18/20, 90%) found a reduction in a component of stigma; however, most (90%) studies had a high risk of bias.ConclusionsThis review highlights the lack of quality evidence on effective stigma‐reduction strategies for children with disabilities. Validation and consistent use of contextually relevant scales to measure stigma may advance this field of research. Studies that involve people with disabilities in the design and implementation of these strategies are needed.
High‐content imaging and structure‐based predictions reveal functional differences between Niemann‐Pick C1 variants
Authors: Vanharanta Lauri , Peränen Johan , Pfisterer Simon G. , Enkavi Giray , Vattulainen Ilpo , Ikonen Elina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe human Niemann‐Pick C1 (NPC1) gene encoding a 1278 amino acid protein is very heterogeneous. While some variants represent benign polymorphisms, NPC disease carriers and patients may possess rare variants, whose functional importance remains unknown. An NPC1 cDNA construct known as NPC1 wild‐type variant (WT‐V), distributed between laboratories and used as a WT control in several studies, also contains changes regarding specific amino acids compared to the NPC1 Genbank reference sequence. To improve the dissection of subtle functional differences, we generated human cells stably expressing NPC1 variants from the AAVS1 safe‐harbor locus on an NPC1‐null background engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 editing. We then employed high‐content imaging with automated image analysis to quantitatively assess LDL‐induced, time‐dependent changes in lysosomal cholesterol content and lipid droplet formation. Our results indicate that the L472P change present in NPC1 WT‐V compromises NPC1 functionality in lysosomal cholesterol export. All‐atom molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the L472P change alters the relative position of the NPC1 middle and the C‐terminal luminal domains, disrupting the recently characterized cholesterol efflux tunnel. These results reveal functional defects in NPC1 WT‐V and highlight the strength of simulations and quantitative imaging upon stable protein expression in elucidating subtle differences in protein function.