bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A grounding physicalist solution to the causal exclusion problem
Authors: Stenwall Robin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRemember how Kim (Philos Perspect 3:77–108, 1989, in: Heil and Mele (eds) Mental causation, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1993b) used to argue against non-reductive physicalism to the effect that it cannot accommodate the causal efficacy of the mental? The argument was that if physicalists accept the causal closure of the physical, they are faced with an exclusion problem. In the original version of the argument, the dependence holding between the mental and the physical was cashed out in terms of supervenience. Due to the work or Fine (Philos Perspect 8:1–16, 1994) and others, we have since come to realize that modal notions are not well-suited to perform the work of properly characterizing dependence. As a consequence of this, an increasingly larger community of contemporary metaphysicians prefer to spell out mental-physical dependence in terms of a non-causal and non-reductive notion called grounding, which is intended to target a particular sort of metaphysical relation that takes us from ontologically less fundamental features of the world to that which is more fundamental. In this paper I join forces with those who think that this shift in focus is on the right track. More specifically, I will argue that the grounding physicalist can solve the exclusion problem in a way that is preferable to the supervenience-based nonreductive physicalist solution, as well as in a way that is compatible with the externalist picture of the mental.
A new approach to improving efficiency of gas-lift wells in the conditions of the formation of organic wax deposits in the Dragon field
Authors: Nguyen Van Thang , Rogachev Mikhail Konstantinovich , Aleksandrov Aleksandr Nikolaevich 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGas-lift is one of the artificial methods in which gas is injected down the production casing–tubing annulus and enters the production tubing through a number of gas-lift valves. During the production of a gas-lift well, the injected compressed gas might cause changes in pressure, temperature as well as fluid composition. When the temperature of the oil falls below the wax appearance temperature, it leads to the formation of organic wax deposits. Wax precipitation in well tubing and processing equipment might lead to dramatic reduction in production, equipment failures, loss of storage and transport capacity, and loss of efficiency. This paper presents a detailed study of wax formation in a gas-lift well. Taking into account changes in the oil component composition during gas injection, the depth of wax formation has been determined by applying a highly accurate developed algorithm. The optimal operating regime of the gas-lift well has been determined using a compositional multiphase model.
Gut microbiota alterations are distinct for primary colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jia Wei , Rajani Cynthia , Xu Hongxi , Zheng Xiaojiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the second and third most common causes of death by cancer, respectively. The etiologies of the two cancers are either infectious insult or due to chronic use of alcohol, smoking, diet, obesity and diabetes. Pathological changes in the composition of the gut microbiota that lead to intestinal inflammation are a common factor for both HCC and CRC. However, the gut microbiota of the cancer patient evolves with disease pathogenesis in unique ways that are affected by etiologies and environmental factors. In this review, we examine the changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota across the stages of the HCC and CRC. Based on the idea that the gut microbiota are an additional “lifeline” and contribute to the tumor microenvironment, we can observe from previously published literature how the microbiota can cause a shift in the balance from normal → inflammation → diminished inflammation from early to later disease stages. This pattern leads to the hypothesis that tumor survival depends on a less pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The differences observed in the gut microbiota composition between different disease etiologies as well as between HCC and CRC suggest that the tumor microenvironment is unique for each case.
Recent progress in identification of the geomagnetic signature of 3D outer core flows
Authors: Kuslits Lukács , Lemperger István , Horváth András , Koronczay Dávid , Wesztergom Viktor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA summary of methods yielding information about the generation and configuration of the geomagnetic main field is presented with special focus on complications concerning these methods. A global source model constructed with the help of machine learning (and deep learning) is proposed to mitigate these issues, in particular the uncertainties caused by vigorous convection and small scale fields.
Outcome and diagnostic reproducibility of the thyroid cytology “indeterminate categories” SIAPEC/SIE 2014 in a consecutive series of 302 cases
Authors: Massa F. , Caraci P. , Sapino A. , De Rosa G. , Volante M. , Papotti M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The clinical impact of the SIAPEC/SIE 2014 classification for thyroid cytology has been addressed in few studies that evaluated the malignancy rate and the relative prevalence of each category. No study analyzed its intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility, so far.

Methods
We retrospectively collected all “indeterminate” lesions diagnosed before (2011–2014) and after (2015–2018) the application of the SIAPEC/SIE 2014 classification at our Institution. Their relative malignancy risks were calculated based on available histological diagnoses. Cytological and clinical features of TIR3A were compared with the surgical outcome. Finally, a large set of samples was re-evaluated in blind of the original cytological and histological diagnoses by two pathologists, independently.

Results
The prevalence of “indeterminate” diagnoses increased in years 2015–2018 (302/1482, 21% with 14% of TIR3A and 7% TIR3B categories) compared to years 2011–2014 (261/1680, 16%). Surgery was performed in 27% TIR3A and in 97% TIR3B cases. Malignancy rates were 40% for TIR3B and 17% for TIR3A, but were greatly influenced by the adoption of the WHO 2017 re-classification of encapsulated follicular-patterned lesions (decreasing to 28% and 6%, respectively). No criteria except for tumor size were associated to malignancy in TIR3A category. Intra-observer agreement of the experienced pathologist was 122/141 (86%), whereas inter-observer agreement between the expert and in-training pathologist was 95/141 (67%).

Conclusions
In this real-life experience, the sub-classification of TIR3A and TIR3B slightly increased the overall prevalence of “indeterminate” diagnoses. Malignancy rates were higher than estimated for both TIR3A and TIR3B categories. Agreement among observers highly depended on pathologist’s training.
Growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) as affected by farmyard manure and nitrogen fertilizer application in Tahtay Koraro District, Northwestern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Gererufael Lchi Abrahaley , Abraham Negasi Tekeste , Reda Tesfay Belay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA field experiment was carried out in Tahtay Koraro district of Northwestern zone of Tigray from October 2017 to April 2018, to assess the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield and yield components of onion. The experiment consisted of four levels of FYM (Farmyard manure) as 0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha−1and four levels of inorganic N as 0, 34.5, 69 and 103.5 kg ha−1factorially arranged in RCB design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed that the main effect of N, FYM as well as their interactions significantly (P < 0.05) influenced days to maturity, plant height, leaf number, leaf diameter, bulb diameter, neck diameter, average bulb weight, above ground dry biomass, marketable bulb yield and total bulb yield of onion. Similarly, main effects of N and FYM significantly (P < 0.05) affected leaf length, bulb length, unmarketable bulb yield and harvest index. The highest marketable bulb yield of 35.93 t ha−1and 34.72 t ha−1were obtained at combinations of 103.5 kg N ha−1 + 30 t FYM ha−1and 103.5 kg N ha−1 + 20 t FYM ha−1respectively. However, the lowest marketable bulb yield of 13.88 t ha−1was obtained from the unfertilized plot. Moreover, the highest marginal rate of return was obtained at combined application of 103.5 kg N ha−1and 10 t FYM ha−1and thus can be recommended for onion production in the study area.
Kamasutra in Practice: The Use of Sexual Positions in the Czech Population and Their Association With Female Coital Orgasm Potential
Authors: Krejčová Lucie , Kuba Radim , Flegr Jaroslav , Klapilová Kateřina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
A limited number of scientific studies explore the frequency with which various sexual positions are used in human populations and the potential of particular sexual position to facilitate female coital orgasm.

Aim
The aim of this study was to provide data about the prevalence and frequency of various sexual positions, their rated pleasurability, and their association with female coital orgasm consistency (COC).

Methods
A sample of Czech heterosexual population (11,225 men/9,813 women) were presented with a list of 13 sexual positions in black-and-white silhouettes. For each position, they indicated frequency and pleasurability. COC was assessed as the proportion of penile-vaginal intercourse with a current partner which led to orgasm.

Main Outcome Measure
Participants reported the frequency of use of sexual positions and rated their pleasurability. Using ordinal logistic regression, association between the COC and frequency of use of coital positions was tested.

Results
In both men and women, the most commonly used sexual positions were face to face/male above, face to face/female above, and kneeling/rear entry. Nonetheless, there emerged some gender differences in the rating of pleasurability of various positions (all P &lt; .001). We found that a higher proportion of female coital orgasms are positively associated with the frequency of use of face to face/female above (odds ratio [OR] = 1.005, P &lt; .001) and sitting/face-to-face positions (OR = 1.003, P &lt; .001) and negatively associated with the frequency of kneeling/rear entry position (OR = 0.996, P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that there are no gender differences in the frequency of use of sexual positions, but their rated pleasurability differs between men and women, and higher frequency of use of face-to-face positions with female above increases the likelihood of achieving coital orgasm during penile-vaginal intercourse. Most results, however, were of small effect sizes, and more research is needed to further explore this issue.
Krejčová L, Kuba R, Flegr J, et al. Kamasutra in Practice: The Use of Sexual Positions in the Czech Population and Their Association With Female Coital Orgasm Potential. Sex Med 2020;8:767–776.
Evaluating winter annual grass control and native species establishment following applications of indaziflam on rangeland
Authors: Clark Shannon L. , Sebastian Derek J. , Nissen Scott J. , Sebastian James R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIndaziflam, a PRE herbicide option for weed management on rangeland and natural areas, provides long-term control of invasive winter annual grasses (IWAGs). Because indaziflam only provides PRE control of IWAGs, POST herbicides such as glyphosate can be mixed with indaziflam to control germinated IWAG seedlings. Field trials were conducted at three sites on the Colorado Front Range to evaluate glyphosate dose required to provide adequate POST IWAG control and compare long-term downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), Japanese brome (Bromus arvensis L.), and feral rye (Secale cereale L.) control with indaziflam and imazapic. Two of the three sites were void of desirable species, so species establishment through drill seeding was assessed, while the remnant native plant response was assessed at the third site. Herbicide applications were made March 2014 through April 2015, and two sites were drill seeded with native species 9 mo after herbicide application. Yearly visual control evaluations, biomass of all plant species, and drilled species stand counts were collected. Glyphosate at 474 g ae ha−1 reduced B. tectorum biomass to zero, while glyphosate at 631 g ae ha−1 was needed to reduce biomass to near zero at the S. cereale site. At all three sites, only indaziflam treatments had significant reductions in IWAG biomass compared with the nontreated check at 3 yr after treatment (YAT). By 3 YAT in the drill-seeded sites, cool-season grass frequency ranged from 37% to 69% within indaziflam treatments (73 and 102 g ai ha−1), while imazapic treatments ranged from 0% to 26% cool-season grass frequency. In the site with a remnant native plant community, indaziflam treatments resulted in a 3- to 4-fold increase in native grass biomass. These results indicate that the multiyear IWAG control provided by indaziflam can aid in desirable species reestablishment through drill seeding or response of the remnant plant community.
Evidence for Middle Palaeolithic occupation and landscape change in central Armenia at the open-air site of Alapars-1
Authors: Malinsky-Buller Ariel , Glauberman Phil , Wilkinson Keith , Li Bo , Frahm Ellery , Gasparyan Boris , Timms Rhys , Adler Daniel S. , Sherriff Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere we report the findings from excavations at the open-air Middle Palaeolithic site of Alapars-1 in central Armenia. Three stratified Palaeolithic artefact assemblages were found within a 6-m-thick alluvial-aeolian sequence, located on the flanks of an obsidian-bearing lava dome. Combined sedimentological and chronological analyses reveal three phases of sedimentation and soil development. During Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages 5–3, the manner of deposition changes from alluvial to aeolian, with a development of soil horizons. Techno-typological analysis and geochemical sourcing of the obsidian artefacts reveal differential discard patterns, source exploitation, and artefact densities within strata, suggesting variability in technological organization during the Middle Palaeolithic. Taken together, these results indicate changes in hominin occupation patterns from ephemeral to more persistent in relation to landscape dynamics during the last interglacial and glacial periods in central Armenia.
Thermal maturation of a complete magmatic plumbing system at the Sierra de Velasco, Northwestern Argentina
Authors: Macchioli Grande Marcos , Alasino Pablo , Dahlquist Juan , Morales Cámera Matías , Galindo Carmen , Basei Miguel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe formation of magmatic plumbing systems in the crust involves mass and heat transfer from deep to shallow levels. This process modifies the local geotherm and increases the thermal maturation of the crust, affecting the rheological state of the host rock and the composition of magma. Here, we report a petrological, geochemical, isotopic and geochronological integrated study of the Huaco (354 Ma) and Sanagasta (353 Ma, from a new U–Pb zircon age) units from the Carboniferous (Lower Mississippian) Huaco Intrusive Complex, NW Argentina. Similar values of ϵNdt and δ18O, of −3.2 ± 0.7 and +11.2‰ ± 0.3‰ (V-SMOW), respectively, for both units indicate that they shared the same source, as a result of mixing and later homogenization of a crustal component at the Late Devonian (378 to 366 Ma), with metasomatized mantle-derived melts. Slightly higher contents of TiO2, FeO, MgO, CaO and rare earth elements for the Sanagasta unit in comparison with the Huaco unit suggest an increase in the degree of partial melting, which may have been caused by a higher temperature at the lower crust. In addition, the previous structural model of the Huaco Intrusive Complex points to an increase in thermal maturation in the upper crust, which drives a change in the emplacement style from tabular subhorizontal (Huaco) to vertically elongated (Sanagasta) bodies. Therefore, the evolution of the intrusive complex may reflect a generalized thermal maturation of the complete magmatic column, at both upper and lower crustal levels.
Influence of Frailty Status on Pain, Disability, and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Acute Low Back Pain: Results from the Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE-Brazil) Study
Authors: Leopoldino A.A.O. , Megale R.Z. , Diz J.B.M. , Moreira B.S. , Felício D.C. , Queiroz B.Z. , Bastone A.C. , Ferreira M.L. , Pereira L.S.M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTA cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from a prospective cohort study to investigate whether frailty is associated with pain intensity, disability caused by low back pain (LBP), and quality of life in an older population with acute non-specific LBP. Six hundred and two individuals with a mean age of 67.6 (standard deviation [SD] 7.0) years were included in the analysis. In relation to frailty status, 21.3 per cent of the sample were classified as robust, 59.2 per cent were classified as pre-frail, and 19.5 per cent were classified as frail. In the unadjusted analysis, pre-frail and frail groups showed significantly higher pain and disability scores than the robust group. Moreover, the same two groups exhibited lower scores in both physical and mental domains of quality of life than the robust group. After adjusting for socio-demographic and clinical variables, disability scores and the physical component of quality of life were significantly associated with frailty. In older adults with acute LBP, frailty is associated with more disability and worse scores in the physical component of quality of life.
Food insecurity among graduate students: prevalence and association with depression, anxiety and stress
Authors: Coffino Jaime A , Spoor Samantha P , Drach Rae D , Hormes Julia M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:The impact of food insecurity on mental health has not yet been examined in graduate students, a population widely considered at elevated risk for financial strain and negative mental health outcomes. This study aimed to derive initial prevalence estimates of food insecurity in a sample of current graduate students at a large state university and to elucidate the relationship between food insecurity and depression, anxiety and stress in this sample.Design:Cross-sectional online survey including the US Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21).Setting:University in the northeastern region of the USA.Participants:Two hundred sixty-three graduate students.Results:In the present sample, 59·7 % of participants reported high/marginal food security, 18·5 % reported low food security and 21·8 % reported very low food security. Graduate students with very low food security reported significantly greater depression (η2= 0·09), anxiety (η2= 0·10) and stress (η2= 0·10), compared with those with low food security and high food security (all P’s < 0·001).Conclusions:Food insecurity occurred in nearly half of the graduate students surveyed, and very low food security was associated with elevated levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Findings highlight the need to address food insecurity and associated elevated mental health problems present among graduate students.
Why was nationalism European? Political ethnicity in Asia and Europe 1400–1850
Authors: Lieberman Victor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article compares European nationalism and earlier notions of political community in Europe and Asia. Without denying the discursive novelty of post-1750 nationalism, it argues that eighteenth-century social and economic incentives to ethnic integration in individual European countries accelerated much older dynamics. Moreover, in the same period, c. 1400–1850, as state-centred ethnicities cohered in Europe, similar processes produced broadly comparable formations around the rimlands of Asia. Together, Europe and the Asian rimlands thus generated an early modern cultural system – distinctive from both nationalism and universal empire, but possessing features of both – that I term ‘political ethnicity’. The novelty and idiosyncrasy of this Eurasian-wide formation has yet to be recognized. Why, then, in Europe alone did political ethnicity eventually produce nationalism? Using Myanmar and Britain as case studies, the article argues that in Europe distinctive medieval legacies joined religious ruptures and exceptionally rapid commercial expansion to compress religious authority, to diffuse metropolitan norms with unprecedented rapidity, and to transfer sovereignty from the crown to propertied interests speaking in the name of the ‘nation’.
Effects of emotion regulation and perpetrator-victim roles in intimate partner violence on mental health problems among men who have sex with men in China
Authors: Wei D. , Hou F. , Cao W. , Hao C. , Gu J. , Peng L. , Li J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
This study assessed the relationships between different perpetrator-victim roles in intimate partner violence (IPV), emotion regulation (ER) and mental health problems among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China.

Methods
From April to June 2019, 1233 participants were approached via gay-friendly non-governmental organisations in 15 cities across mainland China.

Results
Of the total, 578 eligible participants completed an anonymous online survey. All participants provided informed consent and information about their violent perpetrator-victim role and mental health status. The results revealed a high prevalence of IPV in this study sample, with 32.7% of participants reporting IPV victimisation and 32.5% of participants reporting IPV perpetration during their lifetime. A total of 81 (14.0%) participants were suicidal, 309 (53.5%) participants reported poor general mental health and 208 (36.0%) had significant depressive symptoms. Adjusted logistic regression models revealed that both physical victimisation (adjusted odds ratio [ORa] = 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–9.32) and sexual victimisation (ORa = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.39–6.05) had positive associations with suicidality, and unidirectional and bidirectional psychological perpetration were associated with poor general mental health and significant depressive symptoms. Although high cognitive reappraisal showed a negative association with poor general mental health (ORa = 0.89，95% CI = 0.86–0.92), the correlation with victims of IPV was weaker than it was with non-victims.

Conclusions
This study revealed that different perpetrator-victim roles in different IPV situations should be considered comprehensively in research, prevention and intervention. ER is not enough to buffer the effects of IPV on the mental health of MSM victims.