bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Ice–Ice Aggregation in the Adaptive Habit Model
Authors: Sulia Kara J. , Lebo Zachary J. , Przybylo Vanessa M. , Schmitt Carl G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A novel methodology for modeling ice–ice aggregation is presented. This methodology combines a modified hydrodynamic collection algorithm with bulk aggregate characteristic information from an offline simulator that collects ice particles, namely, the Ice Particle and Aggregate Simulator, and has been implemented into the Adaptive Habit Microphysics scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. Aggregates, or snow, are formed via collection of cloud ice particles, where initial ice characteristics and the resulting geometry determine aggregate characteristics. Upon implementation, idealized squall-line simulations are performed to examine the new methodology in comparison with commonly used bulk microphysics schemes. It is found that the adaptive habit aggregation parameterization develops snow and reduces ice mass and number concentrations compared to other schemes. The development of aggregates through the new methodology cascades into other interesting effects, including enhancements in ice and snow growth, as well as homogeneous freezing. Further microphysical analyses reveal varying sensitivities, where snow processes are most sensitive to the new parameterization, followed by ice, then cloud, rain, and graupel processes. Further, the new scheme results in enhancements in surface precipitation due to the persistence of snow at lower altitudes. This persistence is a result of shape-dependent melting and sublimation, increasing the residence time. Moreover, these low-level enhancements are reflected in increases in radar reflectivity at the surface and its spatial distribution. Finally, the ability to predict snow shape and density allows for the simulation of polarimetric radar quantities, resulting in signature enhancements compared to schemes that do not consider spatial and temporal variations in snow shape and density.
Changes in Observed Daily Precipitation over Global Land Areas since 1950
Authors: Contractor Steefan , Donat Markus G. , Alexander Lisa V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEstimates of observed long-term changes in daily precipitation globally have been limited due to availability of high-quality observations. In this study, a new gridded dataset of daily precipitation, called Rainfall Estimates on a Gridded Network (REGEN) V1–2019, was used to perform an assessment of the climatic changes in precipitation at each global land location (except Antarctica). This study investigates changes in the number of wet days (≥1 mm) and the entire distribution of daily wet- and all-day records, in addition to trends in annual and seasonal totals from daily records, between 1950 and 2016. The main finding of this study is that precipitation has intensified across a majority of land areas globally throughout the wet-day distribution. This means that when it rains, light, moderate, or heavy wet-day precipitation has become more intense across most of the globe. Widespread increases in the frequency of wet days are observed across Asia and the United States, and widespread increases in the precipitation intensity are observed across Europe and Australia. Based on a comparison of spatial pattern of changes in frequency, intensity, and the distribution of daily totals, we propose that changes in light and moderate precipitation are characterized by changes in precipitation frequency, whereas changes in extreme precipitation are primarily characterized by intensity changes. Based on the uncertainty estimates from REGEN, this study highlights all results in the context of grids with high-quality observations.
Adaptation of the Predicted Particles Properties (P3) Microphysics Scheme for Large-Scale Numerical Weather Prediction
Authors: Jouan Caroline , Milbrandt Jason A. , Vaillancourt Paul A. , Chosson Frédérick , Morrison Hugh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA parameterization for the subgrid-scale cloud and precipitation fractions has been incorporated into the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) microphysics scheme for use in atmospheric models with relatively coarse horizontal resolution. The modified scheme was tested in a simple 1D kinematic model and in the Canadian Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) model using an operational global NWP configuration with a 25-km grid spacing. A series of 5-day forecast simulations was run using P3 and the much simpler operational Sundqvist condensation scheme as a benchmark for comparison. The effects of using P3 in a global GEM configuration, with and without the modifications, were explored through statistical metrics of common forecast fields against upper-air and surface observations. Diagnostics of state variable tendencies from various physics parameterizations were examined to identify possible sources of errors resulting from the use of the modified scheme. Sensitivity tests were performed on the coupling between the deep convection parameterization scheme and the microphysics, specifically regarding assumptions in the physical properties of detrained ice. It was found that even without recalibration of the suite of moist physical parameterizations, substituting the Sundqvist condensation scheme with the modified P3 microphysics resulted in some significant improvements to the temperature and geopotential height bias throughout the troposphere and out to day 5, but with degradation to error standard deviation toward the end of the integrations, as well as an increase in the positive bias of precipitation quantities. The modified P3 scheme was thus shown to hold promise for potential use in coarse-resolution NWP systems.
The effect of the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak on social relationships: A cross-sectional study in Jordan
Authors: Naser Abdallah Y , Al-Hadithi Hadeel T , Dahmash Eman Zmaily , Alwafi Hassan , Alwan Salwan Salah , Abdullah Zainab Ali 
Published: October 2020

Background: Social relationships refer to the existing associations between family members, friends, neighbours, co-workers, and other associates. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing has been imposed by the curfew program in Jordan. Aim: To evaluate the effects of social distancing on the social relationships of the Jordanian population. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Jordan between the 6th and the 30th of May, 2020. Our questionnaire was constructed to explore the population’s perception of the quarantine period, how it is affecting their relationship with others, and the characteristics of their social relationships and communication with various population categories, including family members and work colleagues. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of better social relationships and communication. Results: A total of 4,301 participants were involved in this study. The average score of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on social relationships among the whole study population was 5.68 (SD: 2.33) out of 10 (equal to 56.8%), which indicates the marginal strength of the social relationships. Around 31.6% of the participants reported that their social relationships were affected to a high degree by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants who were aged 36–45 were positively affected in terms of their social relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is negatively affecting social relationships, which could ultimately lead to negative health implications. Decision-makers are advised to provide educational campaigns that improve the sociological health of the general population.
An investigation into the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM III)
Authors: Xing Huayi , Liu Nan , Biering-Sørensen Fin 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To investigate the validity and reliability of a Chinese version of Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM III) in individuals with spinal cord injury. Design: Study on psychometric properties. Setting: An inpatient rehabilitation facility in China. Subjects: 102 participants with spinal cord injury. Mean (SD) age was 48.8 (15.6) years; tetraplegia/paraplegia ratio was 50/52; median time post injury was 2 months. Intervention: SCIM III was translated into Chinese. Chinese versions of Barthel Index and SCIM III were filled out for each participant by Rater 1. SCIM III was then administered by Rater 2 after 24 hours ( n = 67) and 7 days ( n = 65). Main Measures: Validity, inter-rater/test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the Chinese version of SCIM III. Results: The total scores between the two raters were similar (mean ± SD: 33.8 ± 25.8 vs 33.8 ± 25.5, P = 0.95). Total agreement between the raters in each item was >80%, with both Pearson and intraclass correlation coefficients >0.97 ( P < 0.01) for each subscale and total score. The Pearson correlation coefficients of the two independent assessments performed by Rater 2 were also >0.97 ( P < 0.01) for each subscale and the total score. Cronbach α was >0.7 for each subscale and the total score for both raters. High consistency was found between Barthel Index and SCIM III total scores (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.88, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The Chinese version of SCIM III is valid and reliable for the functional assessment of patients with SCI.
Effect of augmented renal clearance on the therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin in patients after neurosurgery
Authors: Chen Yue , Liu Lei , Zhu Man 
Published: October 2020

Objective To study the effect of augmented renal clearance (ARC) on vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring in patients undergoing neurosurgery. Methods A retrospective observational analysis was conducted in a neurosurgery department from January 2019 to June 2019. Patients undergoing vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring were assigned to the normal renal function or ARC group. The baseline characteristics, vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring data, and prognosis were compared and analyzed. Results In total, 104 patients were enrolled, including 78 and 26 patients in the normal renal function and ARC groups, respectively. There were significant differences in age, weight, creatinine clearance, the vancomycin treatment duration, the total dose, the trough concentration, and the trough concentration achievement rate between the two groups. Prognosis did not differ between the two groups. The trough concentration achievement rate in the ARC group was only 19.23%. Conclusion For young, obese, or otherwise healthy patients undergoing neurosurgery, attention should be paid to the possibility of ARC and the need for individualized dose adjustment based on the results of therapeutic drug monitoring.
Novel coronavirus infection and acute kidney injury in two renal transplant recipients: a case report
Authors: Li Qiuyu , Cheng Qin , Zhao Zhiling , Dai Nini , Zeng Lin , Zhu Lan , Guo Wei , Li Chao , Wang Junhong , Li Shu , Shen Ning , Ge Qinggang 
Published: October 2020

Background The causative virus of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause severe fatal pneumonia. The clinical presentation includes asymptomatic infection, severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory failure. Data pertaining to acute renal injury due to COVID-19 in patients who have undergone renal transplantation are scarce. We herein report two cases of COVID-19 along with acute kidney injury following kidney transplantation. Case presentation: Two patients with COVID-19 underwent renal transplantation and were subsequently diagnosed with acute kidney injury. The first patient presented with progressive respiratory symptoms and acute renal injury. He was treated with diuretics and suspension of immunosuppressive therapy; however, the patient died. The second patient presented with respiratory tract symptoms, hypoxemia, and progressive deterioration of renal function followed by improvement. Her mycophenolate mofetil was stopped after admission, and tacrolimus was discontinued 10 days later. Moxifloxacin and methylprednisolone were continued in combination with albumin and gamma globulin infusion. A diuretic was administered, and prednisone was gradually reduced along with tacrolimus. The patient exhibited a satisfactory clinical recovery. Conclusion Patients who develop COVID-19 after kidney transplantation are at risk of acute kidney injury, and their prednisone, immunosuppressant, and gamma globulin treatment must be adjusted according to their condition.
Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Zhen-Yu , Zhang Zhen , Cao Xiao-Zhong , Feng Yun , Ren Sha-Sha 
Published: October 2020

Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with higher aggressiveness and mortality than hormone-positive breast cancer because of the lack of approved therapeutic targets. Patients with TNBC who attain a pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have improved survival. Platinum-based agents show promising activity in TNBC; however, their use remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the role of platinum-based agents in neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with TNBC. Methods We performed an extensive literature search of the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We calculated pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the identified studies. Results Eight randomized controlled trials with 1345 patients were included in the analysis. The addition of platinum-based agents improved pCR compared with neoadjuvant therapy based on anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, taxanes, and fluorouracil (49.1% vs. 35.9%; OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.23–2.86). Hematological adverse events were similar in both groups, except for more thrombocytopenia in the platinum-based group (OR: 7.96, 95% CI: 3.18–19.93). Conclusion The addition of platinum-based agents to neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved pCR rates in patients with TNBC, with a slight increase in hematological toxicities. Platinum-based agents might thus be an accessible and economically viable option in patients with TNBC.
Lung sonography can improve the specificity of determination of left-sided double-lumen tracheal tube position in both novices and experts: a randomised prospective study
Authors: Chung Jun-Young , Go YoonJu , Jang Yong Seok , Lee Bong-Jae , Seo Hyungseok 
Published: October 2020

Objective Lung sonography can be helpful to determine the position of a left-sided double-lumen tube (DLT). However, clinical experience is required for correct assessment. We investigated whether lung sonography can improve the diagnostic efficacy of determining the DLT position in novices and experts. Methods In this randomised prospective clinical study, 88 patients were allocated to two groups using auscultation or lung sonography for initial assessment of the DLT position. In each group, two repeated assessments were performed; the first was performed by a novice, and the second was performed by an expert. The final DLT position was confirmed by fibre-optic bronchoscopy. The primary outcome was the diagnostic efficacy (including overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity) in confirming the DLT position. Results In both the novices and experts, the specificity of determining the DLT position was significantly higher with lung sonography than auscultation (60.0% vs. 21.7% and 66.7% vs. 37.5%, respectively). Additionally, the predictability of an incorrect position was similar between the novices and experts using lung sonography (area under the curve of 0.665 and 0.690, respectively). Conclusions Lung sonography can improve the diagnostic efficacy of detecting an incorrect DLT position in both novices and experts.
Accuracy and Reliability of Soft Tissue Landmarks Using Three-Dimensional Imaging in Comparison With Two-Dimensional Cephalometrics: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ali Adeeba , Chandna Anil K. , Munjal Anshul 
Published: October 2020

Background: Concerns about the accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Objective: The aim of the systematic review is to estimate accuracy and reliability of soft tissue landmarks with 2D imaging and 3D imaging for orthodontic diagnosis planning and treatment planning purposes. Data Sources: Electronic database search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via embase.com, and the Cochrane library website. Selection Criteria: The data were extracted according to two protocols based on Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) critical appraisal tools. Next, levels of evidence were categorized into three groups: low, medium, and high. Data Synthesis: Fifty-five publications were found through database search strategies. A total of nine publications were included in this review. Conclusion According to the available literature, 3D imaging modalities were more accurate and reliable as compared to 2D modalities. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was considered the most reliable imaging tool for soft tissues.
COVID-19—Orthodontic Care During and After the Pandemic: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sharan Jitendra , Chanu Nameirakpam Ibemcha , Jena Ashok Kumar , Arunachalam Sivakumar , Choudhary Prabhat Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Objectives: To provide comprehensive information regarding the implications of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mode of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and its effects on orthodontic care during the pandemic and post-pandemic outbreak of the disease, based on currently available literature and information. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive research for studies that focused on the COVID-19 pandemic and orthodontic care up to August 18, 2020, with no language restriction. The databases included PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) 2020. The research was focused on presenting symptoms, disease transmission, infection control, orthodontic care, and financial implications affecting the delivery of orthodontic treatment. The research also included reports from major health policy regulatory bodies such as World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, and major international dental and orthodontic societies and associations. The peer-reviewed publications and guidelines from the health regulatory authorities were given priority. Results: The latest information on the SARS-CoV-2 virus effects and orthodontic implications were arranged sequentially. The SARS-CoV-2 virus mode of transmission and its prevention were emphasized to keep the orthodontic and dental operatory safe for continuing practice. Conclusion: The COVID-19 outbreak has changed the way orthodontics is practiced. Strict infection control, near-zero aerosol production, and minimal touch dentistry are the keys to prevent contamination of orthodontic operatory. During the pandemic, only emergency orthodontic procedures could be extended to the orthodontic patient while adhering to all the regulatory guidelines. Fortunately, to date, there is no reported case of cross-transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the dental setup.
Nivolumab treatment for metastatic thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Ak Naziye , Aydiner Adnan 
Published: October 2020

Background Metastatic and unresectable thymoma (T) or thymic carcinoma (TC) have limited treatment options, especially after first line. Methods Patients with unresectable or recurrent thymic tumors who used minimum one dose of nivolumab at any line of treatment were evaluated retrospectively. Even though nivolumab was administered 3mg/kg dosage in PRIMER study, due to toxicity and financial concerns, we used low dose regimen mostly. Results Among 46 unresectable and recurrent thymic epithelial tumors; 8 patients with TC (n = 3), T (n = 4) and mixt histology (n = 1) were reviewed. Three patients had myasthenia gravis history that had to be controlled before treatment. Four patients showed moderate (n = 2) or severe (n = 2) adverse events with nivolumab treatment. Interestingly, two severe adverse events were occurred at first dose even with 40 mg nivolumab and required cessation of treatment permanently. The median number of nivolumab received was four (range: 1–18). Best response was partial response. Two patients progressed at the 3rd and 5th month of treatment. Best duration of response for one patient with TC and one patient with T–B2 were 9 and 14 months, respectively. Median survival time after nivolumab was 7.4 months (range: 2–22.1). Conclusions After the results of the previous study could be supported by randomized prospective studies with more number of patients, nivolumab may be considered as an option in patients with thymic epithelial tumors who have received multiple line treatments. However, given the high rate of severe toxicities, there is need to find out a reliable marker to prediction patients who will derive benefit or exhibit toxicity.
Brentuximab vedotin in real life, a seven year experience in patients with refractory/relapsed CD30+ T cell lymphoma
Authors: Oberic Lucie , Delzor Faustine , Protin Caroline , Perriat Sophie , Laurent Camille , Grand Anaïs , Canonge Jean Marie , Borel Cécile , Gauthier Martin , Ysebaert Loïc , Puisset Florent 
Published: October 2020

Introduction Brentuximab vedotin (Bv) has been approved for the treatment of Refractory/Relapsed (R/R) Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas (ALCL) and cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas, but is also effective in other CD30+ malignancies. We report here the outcomes of patients with various R/R Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma (PTCL) treated with Bv in real life practice. Method This was a retrospective, single-center study based on medical records of patients with R/R PTCL treated either with Bv alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Results Among 27 patients treated with Bv, neutropenia was the main serious adverse event observed in particular when Bv was used as combination treatment. The complete Response Rates (CRR) was 40.7%; it was significantly improved when Bv was used as combination treatment. The majority of eligible patients (7/10) underwent Stem Cell Transplantation. Median Progression Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) were 5.2 months and 12.5 months respectively. Conclusion Our current study shows that Bv used in combination with chemotherapy provides a high CRR and thereby allows SCT in R/R PTCL. The use of Bv treatments in this setting warrants further investigation.