bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic differentiation and quantification of gymnemic acid in Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. leaf extract and its fermented products
Authors: Khan Jalaluddin , Sheoran Sunita , Khan Washim , Panda Bibhu Prasad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionGymnemagenin is the bioactive metabolite found in Gymnema sylvestre leaves and possesses different therapeutic potential. Due to its lower abundance and higher market potential, gymnemagenin was obtained from chemical conversion and bacterial biotransformation.ObjectiveTo obtain the probiotic‐based fermentative conversion of gymnemic acid‐enriched G. sylvestre leaf extract to gymnemagenin‐containing nutraceuticals and its metabolites based chromatographic comparison.Material and MethodsGymnema sylvestre leaves were extracted through soxhalation, and the extract was prepared and characterised. Gymnemic acid was fermented, separately, by Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and by their mix co‐culture. The fermented materials were analysed for their gymnemagenin content, antioxidant potential, antidiabetic potential, and metabolomics analysis.ResultsExtraction yielded about 35% w/w of raw plant material, and 8.5% was found to be as total saponin content. Extract at higher concentration (≥ 5%, w/v) significantly altered the growth behaviour of probiotics. High‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) based quantification of gymnemagenin revealed that a maximum increase of 95.5% gymnemagenin was found in extract incubated with B. bifidum followed by mix co‐culture containing (B. bifidum, L. casei, and L. rhamnosus), L. casei, and L. rhamnosus. However, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 56 metabolites.ConclusionChromatographically profiled, and probiotic‐based fermented G. sylvestre leaves can be used as a potent nutraceutical for diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
An examination of psychological characteristics and their relationship to academic entitlement among millennial and nonmillennial college students
Authors: Keener Ashley 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcademic entitlement (AE) has been a concern among college educators due to millennial college students entering the educational setting. Although there is theoretical justification to support such conjecture, it remains unclear whether AE is more prevalent among this generation. The present study examines the relationship between narcissism, self‐esteem, gratitude, and AE between millennial and nonmillennial college students. Among millennial college students, narcissism, self‐esteem, and gratitude were found to be significant predictors of AE; however, among nonmillennial college students, only self‐esteem was found to be a significant predictor. Findings were consistent with the literature in that they demonstrate that millennial college students may be more prone to narcissism than previous generations. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Progress in degradation of volatile organic compounds based on low‐temperature plasma technology
Authors: Chang Zhengshi , Wang Cong , Zhang Guanjun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOn the basis of plasma technology, the progress of the volatile organic compounds' (VOCs') degradation by low‐temperature plasma alone is discussed first, including reactor types, influencing factors of plasma degradation of VOCs and the reaction mechanism between plasma and VOCs. Then, the research status of three VOC degradation technologies (catalysis, adsorption, and biotechnology) and their synergistic degradation of VOCs with plasma are reviewed, including the effect of catalyst position on VOC degradation, the interaction mechanism between plasma and catalyst; the factors affecting the adsorption of VOCs by carbon‐based adsorbents and zeolite, the degradation of VOCs by plasma‐assisted adsorbent; the features of different biological systems, the influencing factors of VOC degradation by the biotrickling system, and the degradation of VOCs by plasma‐assisted biotreatment. Finally, the prospects of developments in high‐tech based on plasma are discussed.
Resting respiratory lung volumes are “healthier” than exercise respiratory volumes in different types of palliated or corrected congenital heart disease
Authors: Fabi Marianna , Balducci Anna , Cazzato Salvatore , Aceti Arianna , Gallucci Marcella , Di Palmo Emanuela , Gargiulo Gaetano , Donti Andrea , Lanari Marcello 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsCardiac surgery has improved life expectancy of patients with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Exercise capacity is an important determinant of survival in patients with CHDs. There is a lack of studies focusing on the role of resting respiratory performance in reducing exercise tolerance in these patients.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and severity of respiratory functional impairment in different types of corrected/palliated CHDs, and its impact on an exercise test.Materials and MethodsRetrospective single‐center study involving 168 corrected/palliated patients with CHD and 52 controls. Patients CHD were divided into subgroups according to the presence of native pulmonary blood flow or total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). All subjects performed complete pulmonary function tests and gas diffusion; patients with CHD also performed cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX).ResultsMean values of lung volumes were within the normal range in all CHD groups. Comparing to controls, patients with the reduced pulmonary flow and with TCPC had the highest reduction in lung volumes. CPX was reduced in all groups, most severely in TCPC, and it was correlated to decreased dynamic volumes in all CHD groups except in TCPC. Younger age at intervention and number of surgical operations negatively affected lung volumes.ConclusionsRespiratory function is within the normal range in our patients with different CHDs at rest but altered in all CHDs during exercise when cardiorespiratory balance is likely to be inadequate. Comparing the different groups, patients with reduced pulmonary flow and TCPC are the most impaired.
Radiomics and Machine Learning in Oral Healthcare
Authors: Leite André Ferreira , Vasconcelos Karla de Faria , Willems Holger , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe increasing storage of information, data, and forms of knowledge has led to the development of new technologies that can help to accomplish complex tasks in different areas, such as in dentistry. In this context, the role of computational methods, such as radiomics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications, has been progressing remarkably for dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR). These tools bring new perspectives for diagnosis, classification, and prediction of oral diseases, treatment planning, and for the evaluation and prediction of outcomes, minimizing the possibilities of human errors. A comprehensive review of the state‐of‐the‐art of using radiomics and machine learning (ML) for imaging in oral healthcare is presented in this paper. Although the number of published studies is still relatively low, the preliminary results are very promising and in a near future, an augmented dentomaxillofacial radiology (ADMFR) will combine the use of radiomics‐based and AI‐based analyses with the radiologist's evaluation. In addition to the opportunities and possibilities, some challenges and limitations have also been discussed for further investigations.
Quantitative Proteomics and Weighted Correlation Network Analysis of Tear Samples in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Complicated with Dry Eye
Authors: Zou Xinrong , Zhang Pei , Xu Yi , Lu Lina , Zou Haidong 
Published: January 2020

PurposeDiabetic patients are more likely to experience dry eye (DE). TMT‐based proteomics and WGCNA are used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in tear proteome of type 2 diabetes with DE. The aim is to provide a molecular basis for exploring possible mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic DE.Experimental designSubjects are divided into four groups (ten in each): type 2 diabetes with DE; type 2 diabetes without DE; non‐diabetes with DE and normal controls. All subjects undergo DE tests. Total proteins are extracted and quantitatively labeled with TMT, then analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. WGCNA is used to identify the hub genes. Finally, differentially expressed proteins are validated by ELISA.ResultsA total of 1922 proteins are identified, of which 1814 contain quantitative information. Ultimately, 650 of these proteins yield quantitative values. WGCNA performed on these 650 proteins reveal four distinct hub genes of diabetic DE.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDE is associated with the differential expression of tear proteins in type 2 diabetes. Inflammation, immune factors, and lipid metabolism may play a role in the development of diabetic DE. LTF, LYZ, ZAG, and DNAJC3 have the potential to be the biomarkers of DE in diabetes.
Spontaneous inertia‐gravity wave emission from a nonlinear critical layer in the stratosphere
Authors: Polichtchouk Inna , Scott Richard K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing a nonlinear global primitive equation model, spontaneous inertia‐gravity wave (IGW) emission is investigated in an idealized representation of the stratospheric polar night. It is shown that IGWs are spontaneously emitted in the interior of the fluid in a jet exit region that develops around a nonlinear Rossby wave critical layer. Two key ingredients for the generation are identified: the presence of a Rossby wave guide on the polar night jet; and a zero wind line on the jet flank that gives rise to nonlinear Rossby wave breaking and strong distortion of the flow. The emission of IGWs appears here as a quasi‐steady process that begins at a well‐defined time when the flow deformation becomes large enough. Part of the emitted IGWs undergoes wave capture by the cat's‐eye flow in a Rossby wave critical layer. Another part – in the form of a well‐defined IGW packet – escapes the wave capture limit, and propagates away into the far field. The propagating wave packet is numerically well‐converged to increases in both vertical and horizontal resolution and thus provides an ideal test bed for understanding IGW emission and informing non‐orographic gravity wave drag parametrization design.
Synthesis of Bicyclic Esters in a Continuous‐Flow Microreactor
Authors: Bai‐cheng Feng , Xi‐chao Hou , Tie‐lin Wang , Jian‐qiang Lu , Yan Jin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe continuous‐flow microreactor technique for the synthesis of bicyclic esters is reported in this paper. The synthesis time of bicyclic esters can be greatly shortened by the continuous‐flow technique, and the advantage of continuous‐flow microreactor is analyzed theoretically. Taking the synthesis of bicyclo[2,2,1]‐5‐hepten‐2‐methyl ester as an example, the molar ratio between cyclopentadiene (A) and methyl acrylate (B) is 1.1 to 1, the temperature is 353 K, the reaction time is 335 s, the yield reached 96.7% in a continuous‐flow microreactor. However, it takes 4.5 hours to synthesize the compound within batch reaction, and the yield is 93%. It is of significant to change the batch reaction into continuous production both in the laboratory and industrial production.
Modification of jet substructure in heavy ion collisions as a probe of the resolution length of quark-gluon plasma
Authors: Casalderrey-Solana J. , Milhano G. , Pablos D. , Rajagopal K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We present an analysis of the role that the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) resolution length, the minimal distance by which two nearby colored charges in a jet must be separated such that they engage with the plasma independently, plays in understanding the modification of jet substructure due to interaction with QGP. The shorter the resolution length of QGP, the better its resolving power. We identify a set of observables that are sen- sitive to whether jets are quenched as if they are single energetic colored objects or whether the medium that quenches them has the ability to resolve the internal structure of the jet. Using the hybrid strong/weak coupling model, we find that although the ungroomed jet mass is not suitable for this purpose (because it is more sensitive to effects coming from particles reconstructed as a part of a jet that originate from the wake that the jet leaves in the plasma), groomed observables such as the number of Soft Drop splittings nSD, the momentum sharing fraction zg, or the groomed jet mass are particularly well-suited to discriminate the degree to which the QGP medium resolves substructure within a jet. In order to find the optimal grooming strategy, we explore different cuts in the Lund plane that allow for a clear identification of the regions of Soft Drop phase space that enhance the differences in the jet substructure between jets in vacuum and quenched jets. Comparison with present data seems to disfavor an “infinite resolution length”, which is to say the hypothesis that the medium interacts with the jet as if it were a single energetic colored object. Our analysis indicates that as the precision of experimental measurements of jet substructure observables and the control over uncertainties in their calculation improves, it will become possible to use comparisons like this to constrain the value of the resolution length of QGP, in addition to seeing how the substructure of jets is modified via their passage through it.
Strong Site Effect Revealed by a New Broadband Seismometer on the Continental Shelf Offshore Nice Airport (Southeastern France)
Authors: Courboulex Francoise , Mercerat E. Diego , Deschamps Anne , Migeon Sébastien , Baques Marion , Larroque Christophe , Rivet Diane , Hello Yann 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA broadband seismological station (PRIMA) installed offshore Nice airport (southeastern France) reveals a strong amplification effect of seismic waves. PRIMA station was in operation for 2 years (9/2016 to 10/2018) on the outer shelf at a water depth of 18 m. Situated at the mouth of the Var River, this zone is unstable and prone to landslides. A catastrophic landslide and tsunami already occurred in 1979, causing 10 casualties. Given the level of seismicity of the area, it is important to infer the impact of an earthquake on this zone. We analyze the recordings of earthquakes and seismic noise at the PRIMA station by comparing them to nearby inland stations. We find that the seismic waves are strongly amplified at PRIMA at some specific frequencies (with an amplification factor greater than 10 at 0.9 Hz). Using geological and geophysical data, we show that the main amplification frequency peak (at 0.9 Hz) is due to the velocity contrast between the Pliocene sedimentary layer and fine-grained sediments dated from the Holocene, at about 100 m depth. This velocity contrast is also present along the Var valley, but the level of amplification detected on PRIMA station is larger. Using numerical simulations of seismic waves in a 2D model that accounts for the pinch-out geometry related to the termination of the Holocene sedimentary layer, we can partially explain this amplification. This offshore site effect could have a crucial impact on the triggering of a submarine landslide by an earthquake in this region. More generally, this effect should be taken into account for the modeling of landslides and induced tsunamis triggered by seismic waves.
Specific gravity of inner and outer beech bark
Authors: Winter Heiko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor beech bark (Fagus sylvatica), specific gravity was measured by means of pycnometer and by water immersion. The pycnometer was suitable for measurement of all analysed sample types. Water immersion method could only be applied to beech wood, whole and inner beech bark. Specific gravities of whole beech bark (0.58 ± 0.04), inner beech bark (0.57 ± 0.05) and outer beech bark (0.75 ± 0.06) differed significantly.
Complementary role of computed tomography texture analysis for differentiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in the portal-venous enhancement phase
Authors: Reinert Christian Philipp , Baumgartner Karolin , Hepp Tobias , Bitzer Michael , Horger Marius 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the role of CT-texture analysis (CTTA) for differentiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) in the portal-venous phase as compared with visual assessment and tumor-to-pancreas attenuation ratios.

Methods
53 patients (66.1 ± 8.6y) with PDAC and 42 patients (65.5 ± 12.2y) with PNEN who underwent contrast-enhanced CT for primary staging were evaluated. Volumes of interests (VOIs) were set in the tumor tissue at the portal-venous phase excluding adjacent structures. Based on pyradiomics library, 92 textural features were extracted including 1st, 2nd, and higher order features, and then compared between PNEN and PDAC. The visual assessment classified tumors into hypo-, iso-, or hyperdense to pancreas parenchyma or into homogeneous/heterogeneous. Additionally, attenuation ratios between the tumors and the non-involved pancreas were calculated.

Results
8/92 (8.6%) highly significant (p < 0.005) discriminatory textural features between PDAC and PNEN were identified including the 1st order features “median,” “total energy,” “energy,” “10th percentile,” “90th percentile,” “minimum,” “maximum,” and the 2nd order feature “Gray-Level co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) Informational Measure of Correlation (Imc2).” In PNEN, the higher order feature “GLSZM Small Area High Gray-Level Emphasis” proved significantly higher in G1 compared to G2/3 tumors (p < 0.05). The tumor/parenchyma ratios as well as the visual assessment into hypo-/iso-/hyperdense or homogeneous/heterogeneous did not significantly differ between PDAC and PNEN.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that CTTA is a feasible tool for differentiation of PNEN from PDAC and also of G1 from G2/3 PNEN in the portal-venous phase. Visual assessment and tumor-to-parenchyma ratios were not useful for discrimination.
No effect of age, gender and total intracranial volume on brainstem MR planimetric measurements
Authors: Mangesius Stephanie , Hussl Anna , Tagwercher Susanne , Reiter Eva , Müller Christoph , Lenhart Lukas , Krismer Florian , Mahlknecht Philipp , Schocke Michael , Gizewski Elke R. , Poewe Werner , Seppi Klaus 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
MR planimetry of brainstem structures can be helpful for the discrimination of Parkinsonian syndromes. It has been suggested that ageing might influence brainstem MR measurements assessed by MR planimetry, while effects of gender and total intracranial volume (TIV) have not been assessed so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate age, gender and TIV effects on brainstem MR planimetric measures.

Methods
Brainstem MR planimetric measures of diameters (midbrain, pons, middle and superior cerebellar peduncle) and areas (pons and midbrain), the derived ratios, and the magnetic resonance Parkinsonism index (MRPI) were assessed on 1.5-T MR images in a large cohort of 97 healthy controls and analysed for the influence of age, gender and TIV with univariate and multivariate linear models.

Results
Neither gender nor age effects on planimetric measurements were observed in the population relevant for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative Parkinsonism, aged 50 to 80 years, except for single area-derived measurements, with gender effects on pontine area (p = 0.013) and age effects on midbrain area (p = 0.037). Results were similar upon inclusion of the TIV in the analyses.

Conclusions
There is no need to correct for age, gender or TIV when using brainstem-derived MR planimetric measurements in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative Parkinsonism.

Key Points
• There were no gender effects on single or combined imaging measurements of the brainstem in the population aged 50 to 80 years, the age range relevant for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative Parkinsonism (except for pontine area).
• There were no age effects on single or combined imaging measurements of the brainstem in the population aged 50 to 80 years, the age range relevant for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative Parkinsonism (except for midbrain area).
• There is no need for age- or gender-specific cut-offs for the relevant age group.
Lesion size and circumferential range identified as independent risk factors for esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Chen Meihong , Dang Yini , Ding Chao , Yang Jiajia , Si Xinmin , Zhang Guoxin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aim
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is used to treat early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions. Patients undergoing ESD are prone to esophageal stenosis, which impairs therapeutic efficacy and quality of life. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the potential association between patient demographics and esophageal lesion characteristics with the risk of esophageal stenosis following ESD.

Methods
For this retrospective study 190 consecutive patients who underwent ESD between January 2013 and January 2015 were recruited. Data on patient demographics, esophageal lesion-related factors, operation details, esophageal stenosis occurrence and measures taken to prevent or treat stricture were collected, and the normality of distribution of each indicator was assessed with a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Stenosis risk factors were then identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Post-ESD esophageal stenosis occurred in 51 cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors. A history of EMR/ESD (OR = 4.185, 95% CI: 1.511–11.589), resection circumferential diameter (OR = 1.721, 95% CI: 1.135–2.610), non-en bloc resection (OR = 7.413, 95% CI: 2.398–22.921), submucosal infiltration (OR = 3.449, 95% CI: 1.014–11.734) and circumferential resection range (OR = 57.493, 95% CI: 17.236–191.782) were identified as independent risk factors for post-ESD esophageal stenosis. Spraying porcine fibrin adhesive on the resection bed reduced neither the incidence of postoperative stenosis nor the extent of postoperative dilation.

Conclusion
Post-ESD esophageal stenosis is significantly related to size and circumferential range of lesion resection. EMR/ESD history, non-en bloc resection and submucosal infiltration may be additional risk factors.