bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do the diversity of plants and sulphur application influence the population fluctuation of insect predator?
Authors: Gesraha Mohamed Ahmed , Ebeid Amany Ramadan , Ali Atef Abd El-Rahman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundNumerous predatory insects were recorded on different plants; some were fed on the floral nectar and others as visitors. Other insects used any plant as a shelter or associated with their prey. Pollinators and beneficial arthropods suffering from a wide range of chemical pesticides are used. So, seeking for safer alternatives is mandatory to conserve such beneficial arthropods. Sorell-98% is a sulphur formulation which was examined against some insect predators with minimal adverse impacts.MethodAgricultural Sorell-98% (commercial Sulphur formulation) was applied to protect many crops against some plant diseases and sucking insect pests (aphis, whiteflies, thrips) and mite pests as well. This formulation was applied at a rate of 30 kg/Feddan after 30 days of plantation. Two rectangular areas (ca. 700 m2each) were chosen to execute experiments. The first area was in a field which was sown with marrow plant, while the second was in an okra field. Each area was partitioned into four equal plots (ca. 75 m2). Similar plots (third area) were done but received no treatments (second control area). Examination of the mean numbers of the natural enemies was recorded at several intervals and was achieved at 7 am. Samples of 50 plants were inspected—on spot—per plot/time interval in the three experimental zones. The mean number of each predator/time interval and percentage of increase and/or decrease was calculated.ResultsResults reveal that the abundance of the target predators was affected indirectly in different cultivated plants after sulphur application, as a result of different plant nature and consequently the population of pests invaded. At all inspection periods, it was observed that the mean numbers and abundance of adult predators on marrow plants was more than that reported in an okra field. Under all inspection times, there was a significant difference between the mean numbers of recorded predators, whereCoccinellaadults recorded the highest mean numbers, followed byChrysoperlaadults.Stethorusadults recorded the least mean number, either before or after sulphur application.ConclusionThe abundance of any arthropod predators is closely related with their favourable insect prey and did not relate to a certain plant by itself. The three tested adult predators were—to some extent—affliction from the sulphur application.
Applications of sand roasting and baking in the preparation of traditional Indian snacks: nutritional and antioxidant status
Authors: Kora Aruna Jyothi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
In India, the sand roasting technique is widely used by street food vendors, villagers and cottage industries for making various value-added food products from different cereals, millets and legumes. The traditionally produced sand-roasted products are commonly utilized as ready to eat snacks or for the preparation of various other snacks.

Results
During the high-temperature short-time treatment of sand roasting, the produced products are bestowed with characteristics such as higher puffing, crispiness, volume, and improved color, aroma, flavor and texture. In terms of nutrition, the roasting process enhances the carbohydrate and protein digestibility, β-glucan extractability, levels of dietary fiber, minerals, and antioxidants and reduces the inherent antinutrients levels in cereals and legumes. In addition, the complete destruction of seed microflora enhances the shelf life and thus consumer acceptance. The sand-roasted products act as prebiotic dietary fiber and serves as an alternative to polished grains for the consumers. Thus, the simplest, inexpensive, traditional sand roasting method of dry heat application is used for making precooked ready to eat weaning foods and preparation of cost-effective dietary pediatric and geriatric formulations. The technique is also employed for roasting various beans, fryums, nut, and pulse decortication and as a pretreatment process for tamarind kernel powder production, while the sand baking method is widely used for baking cakes, vegetables, meat, fish, eggs and starchy tubers.

Conclusions
The techniques of sand roasting and baking are gaining importance as cheap, effective, oil-free, healthier ways of cooking. However, further studies are needed on micronutrient availability and functional food development for community nutritional disorders. Also, the residual silica levels and difficult working environment mandates the development of energy-efficient and high-output-orientated technologies such as continuous, microwave, and fluidized bed roasters.
The clinical importance of color Doppler ultrasonography in puncture related complications of hemodialysis vascular access
Authors: Hassan Mohammed H. , Abdelrazek Ghada M. , Hashim Abdelkader A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The long-term survival of patients on hemodialysis (HD) is dependent on adequate HD which depends on quality and degree of functionality of vascular access. The aim of our study is to detect the role of color Doppler ultrasonography in evaluation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF).

Materials and methods
Between January 2017 and October 2017, 60 patients had complicated AVF at Qena General Hospital & Qena University Hospital as primary and tertiary centers respectively with the same age group between 18 and 50 years old, had no diabetes mellitus were evaluated using color duplex-Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) after AVF maturation for detection of complications and comparison between primary and tertiary centers of its incidence.

Results
The overall results revealed that 11 patients from 30 patients that had been referred to tertiary centers have complicated AVF (36.7%), and 19 patients had no shunt complication (63.3%). Twenty-two patients from 30 patients that had been referred to primary HD centers had complicated shunts. Thrombosis at tertiary centers represents 13.3%, stenosis 3.3% (1 patient), aneurysmal formation had 6.6% for (2 patients), hematoma 6.6%(2 patients), infection 3.3% (1 patient), venous hypertension 3.3% (1 patient), thrombosis and hematoma at primary centers 16.6% (5 patients for each), aneurysmal formation and infection 13.3% for each, and stenosis 10%.

Conclusions
CDUS is a readily-available, non-invasive, risk-free, bed-side technique that allows precise anatomic knowledge, qualitative, and quantitative data of the upper limb vascular system which greatly help in preoperative planning of AVF creation, assessment of prime time for puncture (maturation), early detection of complications, and choice of appropriate therapeutic procedure for their treatment.
The Association between Fast Increase in Bone Turnover During the Menopause Transition and Subsequent Fracture
Authors: Shieh Albert , Greendale Gail A , Cauley Jane A , Karlamangla Arun S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Context
Bone turnover increases rapidly during the menopause transition (MT) and plateaus above premenopausal levels in early postmenopause. It is uncertain whether higher bone turnover is associated with fracture in midlife women with near-normal bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective
Examine whether faster increases in bone turnover during the MT (2 years before to 2 years after the final menstrual period [FMP]), and greater bone turnover during early postmenopause (≥2 years after the FMP) are risk factors for subsequent fracture, accounting for BMD.

Design and Setting
The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, a longitudinal cohort study of the MT.

Participants
A total of 484 women (initially pre- or early perimenopausal, who transitioned to postmenopause) with bone turnover (urine collagen type I N-telopeptide), BMD, and fracture data.

Main Outcome Measure
Incident fracture after the MT.

Results
Adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, fracture before the MT, cigarette use, body mass index, and study site in Cox proportional hazards regression, each SD increment in the rate of increase in bone turnover during the MT was associated with 24% greater hazard of incident fracture in postmenopause (P = .008). Accounting for the same covariates, each SD increment in bone turnover during early postmenopause was associated with a 27% greater hazard of fracture (P = .01). Associations remained significant after controlling for MT rate of change and early postmenopausal level of BMD.

Conclusion
Faster increases in bone turnover during the MT and greater bone turnover in early postmenopause forecast future fractures.
Accurate measurement of fast endocytic recycling kinetics in real time
Authors: Jonker Caspar T. H. , Deo Claire , Zager Patrick J. , Tkachuk Ariana N. , Weinstein Alan M. , Rodriguez-Boulan Enrique , Lavis Luke D. , Schreiner Ryan 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The fast turnover of membrane components through endocytosis and recycling allows precise control of the composition of the plasma membrane. Endocytic recycling can be rapid, with some molecules returning to the plasma membrane with a half time &lt;5 min. Existing methods to study these trafficking pathways utilize chemical, radioactive or fluorescent labeling of cell surface receptors in pulse-chase experiments, which require tedious washing steps and manual collection of samples. Here, we introduce a live-cell endocytic recycling assay based on a newly designed cell-impermeable fluorogenic ligand for HaloTag, Janelia Fluor 635i (JF635i, where i indicates impermeant), which allows real-time detection of membrane receptor recycling at steady state. We used this method to study the effect of iron depletion on transferrin receptor (TfR) recycling using the chelator desferrioxamine. We found that this perturbation significantly increases the TfR recycling rate. The high temporal resolution and simplicity of this assay provides a clear advantage over extant methods and makes it ideal for large scale cellular imaging studies. This assay can be adapted to examine other cellular kinetic parameters such as protein turnover and biosynthetic trafficking.
Nanopore long reads enable the first complete genome assembly of a Malaysian Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolate bearing the pVa plasmid associated with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease
Authors: Gan Han Ming , Austin Christopher M 
Published: December 2019

Background: The genome of Vibrio parahaemolyticus MVP1, isolated from a Malaysian aquaculture farm with shrimp acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), was previously sequenced using Illumina MiSeq and assembled de novo, producing a relatively fragmented assembly. Despite identifying the binary toxin genes in the MVP1 draft genome that were linked to AHPND, the toxin genes were localized on a very small contig precluding proper analysis of gene neighbourhood. Methods: The genome of MVP1 was sequenced on Nanopore MinION to obtain long reads to improve genome contiguity. De novo genome assembly was performed using long-read only assembler followed by genome polishing and hybrid assembler. Results: Long-read assembly produced three complete circular MVP1 contigs: chromosome 1, chromosome 2 and the pVa plasmid encoding pirABvp binary toxin genes. Polishing of the long-read assembly with Illumina short reads was necessary to remove indel errors. Complete assembly of the pVa plasmid could not be achieved using Illumina reads due to identical repetitive elements flanking the binary toxin genes leading to multiple contigs. These regions were fully spanned by the Nanopore long-reads resulting in a single contig. Alignment of Illumina reads to the complete genome assembly indicated there is sequencing bias as read depth was lowest in low-GC genomic regions. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a gene cluster coding for additional insecticidal toxins in chromosome 2 of MVP1 that may further contribute to host pathogenesis pending functional validation. Scanning of publicly available V. parahaemolyticus genomes revealed the presence of a single AinS-family quorum-sensing system that can be targeted for future microbial management. Conclusions: We generated the first chromosome-scale genome assembly of a Malaysian pirABVp-bearing V. parahaemolyticus isolate. Structural variations identified from comparative genomic analysis provide new insights into the genomic features of V. parahaemolyticus MVP1 that may be associated with host colonization and pathogenicity.
Stage 1 Registered Report: The experiences and perceptions of parent-child interaction therapy for parents of young children with communication difficulties: A qualitative evidence synthesis protocol
Authors: O'Toole Ciara , Lyons Rena , Ó’Doibhlín Donna , O’Farrell Fia , Houghton Catherine 
Published: December 2019

Background: Parent-child interaction therapy is an early intervention for children with speech, language and communication difficulties. It involves training parents and caregivers on the importance of responsivity and language input in daily interactions and coaches them on strategies to implement this with the children. As the success of the intervention is heavily influenced by caregiver engagement, understanding and acceptance, it is important to consider their views. However, to date there has been limited work on synthesizing parental views of this intervention. Methods: This is a protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis of peer-reviewed papers addressing the experiences and perceptions of parent-child interaction therapy for parents of young children with communication difficulties. We will complete a systematic search of 11 databases, review the reference lists and complete a cited reference search of all included studies. Two authors will independently screen tests for inclusion, initially by title and abstract, with full-text screening as necessary. Thematic synthesis will be used for all included studies. We will appraise the quality of included studies using CASP and confidence in the review findings using GRADE CERQual. Discussion: The findings from this synthesis will help to guide best practice and policy for the implementation of parent child interaction therapy by considering the views of parents.
História da Matemática no Ensino
Authors: Carvalho João Bosco Pitombeira Fernandes de 
Published: December 2019

Neste trabalho, comentaremos inicialmente o uso da história da matemática no ensino e, em particular, teceremos algumas considerações sobre o emprego de fontes primárias para isto.Em seguida, estudaremos um exemplo específico, mostrando alguns problemas de seu uso, o método de máximos e mínimos de Fermat.
IVALDO BERTAZZO, O MESTRE DO GESTO EXPRESSIVO: UM OLHAR PARA O CORPO E O MOVIMENTO NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Alves Adriana Andrade 
Published: December 2019

O estudo do corpo na educação, enquanto elemento básico da formação e transformação do sujeito, raramente atravessa os processos formativos - docentes e discentes - e isso reflete a persistência de um lugar de silenciamento do corpo no cenário educacional. O corpo docilizado de Foucault (2009) é, ainda, uma realidade presente em muitas escolas brasileiras e isso reflete o quanto a educação precisa se movimentar nesse campo de discussão e ação. Atualmente já dispomos de estudos e práticas provenientes de diferentes áreas de conhecimento - arte, dança, teatro, antropologia, biologia, filosofia, medicina, multiculturalismo etc.- que vêm contribuindo para contrapor à visão mecanicista do corpo, que o formatou segundo uma economia produtivista, perspectivas outras que reorientam a compreensão do corpo a partir do protagonismo do mesmo nas interações com o mundo e na construção de realidades existenciais mais viáveis à vida humana e planetária. Os estudos de Ivaldo Bertazzo acerca da reeducação do corpo aparecem como um campo de investigação e conhecimento importantes para mobilizar o olhar para o corpo dinâmico, vívido, sensível e cognoscente na educação. Ao longo dos seus mais de 30 anos de pesquisa e estudo, “uma vida inteira dedicada a isso” como o mestre sublinha, desenvolveu um sólido trabalho na educação do corpo e transformação do gesto a partir da investigação do funcionamento do aparelho locomotor e da biomecânica humana, que culminou na criação da Escola do Movimento em 1975 e no desenvolvimento do Método Bertazzo.
O “Terrorismo Islâmico” sob a ótica do Construtivismo e do Pós-colonialismo | The “Islamic Terrorism” from the standpoint of the Constructivism and the Post-colonialism
Authors: Affonso Luiza Bizzo , Marreiro Matheus Moraes Alves 
Published: December 2019

Este artigo introduz duas perspectivas críticas no debate sobre o terrorismo, buscando apresentar algumas críticas acerca da categoria, definida na literatura como o novo “terrorismo islâmico”. Portanto, o objetivo desse artigo é aplicar a teoria construtivista crítica e o pós-colonialismo relacionadas a categoria do “terrorismo islâmico”, buscando repensar algumas premissas estabelecidas pela literatura tradicional. Para tal, busca-se investigar, em um primeiro momento, as diferenciações entre um terrorismo tradicional e o novo terrorismo pautado na religião. Posteriormente, será analisado o “terrorismo islâmico a partir das duas teorias propostas. Palavras-chave: Terrorismo Islâmico; Construtivismo; Pós-colonialismo.ABSTRACTThis article introduces two critical perspectives in the debate on terrorism, seeking to present some criticism about the category defined in the literature as the new “Islamic terrorism”. Therefore, the goal of the article is to apply the critical constructivism and the post-colonial theory related to the “Islamic terrorism” category, seeking rethink some premises established by the traditional literature. For this, it seeks to investigate, in the first moment, the differentiations between an old terrorism and the new terrorism, which is based on the religion. Subsequently, “Islamic terrorism” will be analyzed by the two proposed theories.Keywords: Islamic Terrorism; Constructivism; Post-Colonialism.Recebido em 11/02/2019 | Aceito em 10/12/2019
Strain and temperature discrimination based on a Sagnac interferometer with three sections of high birefringence fibers
Authors: Ding Zhichao , Tan Zhongwei 
Published: December 2019

We present an all-fiber sensor for strain and temperature discrimination by inserting three sections of high birefringence fibers into a Sagnac loop. The principle for strain and temperature discrimination is based on monitoring the wavelength shifts of two different resonant dips that show different sensitivities to temperature and strain. The sensitivities for strain and temperature are measured to be

−

0.93

n
m

/

∘

C

and 21 pm/µɛ with discriminative errors of

±

0.3

∘

C

and

±

12

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ε

. The proposed sensor with high sensitivity, simple configuration, and low cost may be a promising candidate for various strain and temperature-sensing applications.
Composite material anti-resonant optical fiber electromodulator with a 3.5  dB depth
Authors: Lewis Adam H. , De Lucia Francesco , Belardi Walter , Huang Chung-Che , Hayes John R. , Poletti Francesco , Hewak Dan , Sazio Pier J. A. 
Published: December 2019

The hollow regions of an anti-resonant fiber (ARF) offer an excellent template for the deposition of functional materials. When the optical properties of such materials can be modified via external stimuli, it offers a method to control the transmission properties of the fiber device. In this Letter, we show that the integration of a

M
o
S

2

film into the ARF voids allows the fiber to act as an electro-optical modulator. We record a maximum modulation depth of 3.5 dB at 744 nm, with an average insertion loss of 7.5 dB.
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Single-Gene Diseases: The Next Frontier
Authors: Scotchman Elizabeth , Chandler Natalie J , Mellis Rhiannon , Chitty Lyn S 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is present in the maternal blood from around 4 weeks gestation and makes up 5%–20% of the total circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma. Presence of cffDNA has allowed development of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for single-gene disorders. This can be performed from 9 weeks gestation and offers a definitive diagnosis without the miscarriage risk associated with invasive procedures. One of the major challenges is distinguishing fetal mutations in the high background of maternal cfDNA, and research is currently focusing on the technological advances required to solve this problem.CONTENTHere, we review the literature to describe the current status of NIPD for monogenic disorders and discuss how the evolving methodologies and technologies are expected to impact this field in both the commercial and public healthcare setting.SUMMARYNIPD for single-gene diseases was first reported in 2000 and took 12 years to be approved for use in a public health service. Implementation has remained slow but is expected to increase as this testing becomes cheaper, faster, and more accurate. There are still many technical and analytical challenges ahead, and it is vital that discussions surrounding the ethical and social impact of NIPD take account of the considerations required to implement these services safely into the healthcare setting, while keeping up with the technological advances.
Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Budelier Melissa M , Bateman Randall J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer disease (AD) was once a clinical diagnosis confirmed by postmortem autopsy. Today, with the development of AD biomarkers, laboratory assays to detect AD pathology are able to complement clinical diagnosis in symptomatic individuals with uncertain diagnosis. A variety of commercially available assays are performed as laboratory-developed tests, and many more are in development for both clinical and research purposes.ContentThe role of laboratory medicine in diagnosing and managing AD is expanding; thus, it is important for laboratory professionals and ordering physicians to understand the strengths and limitations of both existing and emerging AD biomarker assays. In this review, we will provide an overview of the diagnosis of AD, discuss existing laboratory assays for AD and their recommended use, and examine the clinical performance of emerging AD biomarkers.SummaryThe field of AD biomarker discovery and assay development is rapidly evolving, with recent studies promising to improve both the diagnosis of symptomatic individuals and enrollment and monitoring of asymptomatic individuals in research studies. However, care must be taken to ensure proper use and interpretation of these assays. For clinical purposes, these assays are meant to aid in diagnosis but are not themselves diagnostic. For individuals without symptoms, AD biomarker tests are still only appropriate for research purposes. Additionally, there are analytical challenges that require careful attention, especially for longitudinal use of AD tests.
Building for Students: School Design and Educational Priorities in Colonial Ghana
Authors: Ferrell Lacy S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn often overlooked element of the history of schooling in colonial Africa is the role of the space of the school as an area where different understandings of education competed. This article examines how chiefs, students, teachers, and local residents in colonial Ghana mediated the experience and meaning of school through their own engagements with the physical environment and the standards imposed by the British. It does so through an exploration of the pedagogical implications of the school space, defined as the entire natural and built environment; the different meanings this space held for different people; and the effects of this space on constructing new identities and promoting new forms of behavior. With and in schools, Africans could challenge colonial power, not only in terms of what children learned and how they used their education, but also in how they, and their larger communities, interacted with the space of the school itself.