bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermohydraulic Behavior of the Liquid–Vapor Flow in the Receiver Tube of a Solar Parabolic Trough Collector
Authors: Sallam Sara , Taqi Mohamed 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Liquid–vapor flows are present in many industrial applications. In particular, in the solar field, these flows are encountered in the new generations of solar parabolic trough collectors with direct steam generation (PTCs-DSG). In this technical brief, we compare the two-phase convective transfer and the pressure drop models in the PTC-DSG. The results show that the heat exchange coefficients estimated by Chen–Cooper, Shah, Gungor–Winterton, and Kandlikar models have same trend with difference between them. However, the models of Liu–Winterton and Steiner–Taborek seem inappropriate due to the decrease in the exchange coefficient for moderate and high steam qualities. In addition, a comparison of the models describing pressure drops with experimental data of literature was carried out. The results show that the pressure decreases as the steam quality increases and the differences between these models remain small. Friedel's model is the closest to the experiment for high inlet pressures and flow rates, while Chisholm's model gives the best prediction of the pressure drop for low inlet conditions. Effect analysis of inlet conditions shows that the increase in inlet water mass flow and decrease in pressure favor convective heat transfer. The variation of heat flux on tube wall does not affect the convective boiling heat coefficient evaluated by the Chen–Copper model, whereas it influences the calculating coefficient by Gungor–Winterton model for high heat flux and particularly for low steam qualities. Pressure drops are higher at high flow rates and low pressures.
The Discrete Green's Function for Convective Heat Transfer—Part 1: Definition and Physical Understanding
Authors: Eaton John K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The discrete Green's function (DGF) is a superposition-based descriptor of the relationship between the surface temperature and the convective heat transfer from a surface. The surface is discretized into a finite number of elements and the DGF matrix elements relate the heat transfer out of any element i to the temperature rise on every element j of the surface. For a given flow situation, the DGF is insensitive to the thermal boundary condition so it allows direct calculation of the heat transfer for any temperature distribution and noniterative solution of conjugate heat transfer problems. The diagonal elements of the matrix are determined solely by the local velocity field while the off-diagonals are determined by the spread of the thermal wake downstream of a heated element. An analytical DGF for the laminar flat-plate boundary layers is included as an example.
Diagnostics of Pulsed Beams of Electrons, Ions, and Atoms (Review)
Authors: Pushkarev A. I. , Prima A. I. , Egorova Yu. I. , Ezhov V. V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A review of methods for diagnosing the most important parameters of pulsed beams of electrons, ions, and accelerated atoms, such as the current density, fluence, total energy per pulse, the energy density distribution over the cross section, the composition of the beam, and its energy spectrum, is presented. The main attention is paid to the methods of diagnostics of beams intended for technological applications with a particle energy of 0.01–1 MeV and an energy density of 0.1–10 J/cm2. This paper contains a description of each diagnostic method, its scope of application, and systematic errors. The thermal imaging diagnostics of the total energy of a particle beam, the energy-density distribution over the cross section, the beam movement in the focal plane in a series of pulses, and the beam divergence during its transport to the target are considered. The time-of-flight diagnostics of ion beams is presented, which allows determining the beam composition, the fluence, and the energy spectrum of each type of ion in a beam of a complex composition (ions with different masses and degrees of ionization). The acoustic (thermoradiation) diagnostics based on the detection of acoustic waves, which are generated by a particle beam in a metal target by a piezoelectric transducer, is described.
Recurrent transient heading disorientation heralding acute posterior cerebral artery (PCA) infarction
Authors: Chee Yong Chuan , Ong Beng Hooi 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveHeading disorientation is a type of pure topographical disorientation. Reported cases have been very few and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. We report an unusual presentation of a 60-year-old man with recurrent transient heading disorientation heralding an acute posterior cerebral artery infarction.DesignCase report.ConclusionAcquired injury to the right retro-splenial region can result in a specific variant of topographical disorientation known as heading disorientation that may present as an atypical transient ischaemic attack-like symptom heralding acute cerebral infarction.
Characteristics and treatment effectiveness of the nummular headache: a systematic review and analysis of 110 cases
Authors: Patel Urvish K , Saleem Sidra , Anwar Arsalan , Malik Preeti , Chauhan Bindi , Kapoor Ashish , Arumaithurai Kogulavadanan , Kavi Tapan 
Published: June 2020

Background/objectiveNummular headache (NH) is a primary headache disorder characterised by intermittent or continuous scalp pain, affecting a small circumscribed area of the scalp. As there are limited data in the literature on NH, we conducted this review to evaluate demographic characteristics and factors associated with complete resolution of the headache, and effectiveness of treatment options.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of cases reported through PubMed database, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol and ‘nummular headache’, ‘coin-shaped headache’ and ‘coin-shaped cephalalgia’ keywords. Analysis was performed by using χ2test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. For individual interventions, the response rate (RR%) of the treatment was calculated.ResultsWe analysed a total of 110 NH cases, with median age 47 years and age of pain onset 42 years. Median duration to make correct diagnosis was 18 months after first attack. The median intensity of each attack was 5/10 on verbal rating scale over 4 cm diameter with duration of attack <30 min. Patients with NH had median three attacks per day with frequency of 9.5 days per month. 40 (57.97%) patients had complete resolution of the headache after treatment. Patients with complete resolution were younger, more likely to be female, and were more likely to have diagnosis within year. Patients with complete resolution more likely to have received treatment with onabotulinum toxin A (botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A)), and gabapentin compared with patients without complete resolution. Most effective interventions were gabapentin (n=34; RR=67.7%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (n=32; RR=65.6%), BoNT-A (n=12; RR=100%) and tricyclic antidepressant (n=9; RR=44.4%).ConclusionYounger patients, female sex and early diagnosis were associated with complete resolution. NSAIDs, gabapentin and BoNT-A were most commonly used medications, with significant RRs.
Modified gravity with an exponential function of curvature
Authors: Granda L. N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe role of an exponential function of the scalar curvature in the modified gravity is analyzed. Two models are proposed. A toy model that complies with local and cosmological constraints and gives appropriate qualitative description of the cosmic evolution. This model contains a saddle matter-dominant critical point that can evolve towards a late time de Sitter attractor. Initial conditions have been proposed, showing that this toy model has an acceptable matter era and gives an approximate qualitative behavior of cosmic evolution. A second viable model, behaves very close to $$\Lambda $$ΛCDM at early times and can satisfy local and cosmological constraints. It behaves as $$R-2\Lambda $$R-2Λ at $$R\rightarrow \infty $$R→∞ and tends to zero at $$R\rightarrow 0$$R→0, containing flat spacetime solution. The model gives viable cosmological trajectories that, as the first model, connect the matter dominated point with a late time de Sitter attractor. The cosmic evolution of the main density parameters in this model is consistent with current observations with an equation of state very close to $$-1$$-1.
SKP2 My Lou, My Darling
Authors: Lambert Sydney L. , Jones Kevin B. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Myxofibrosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) lack specific molecular underpinnings, show high rates of metastasis, and display limited responsiveness to current therapies, making them challenging cancers both to treat and to study. It has been noted that MFS and UPS frequently lose function of the tumor suppressor genes RB1 and TP53. In this issue of Cancer Research, Li and colleagues demonstrate that proliferation in RB1- and TP53-deficient MFS and UPS depends on SKP2; inhibiting SKP2 with the neddylation inhibitor, pevonedistat, halts tumor growth in a panel of patient-derived xenografts. This renders the oncogenic protein SKP2 a promising therapeutic target.
See related article by Li et al., p. 2461
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Maio Michele , Hamid Omid , Larkin James , Covre Alessia , Altomonte Maresa , Calabrò Luana , Vardhana Santosh A. , Robert Caroline , Ibrahim Ramy , Anichini Andrea , Wolchok Jedd D. , Giacomo Anna Maria Di 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The potential immune intersection between COVID-19 disease and cancer therapy raises important practical clinical questions and highlights multiple scientific gaps to be filled. Among available therapeutic approaches to be considered, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) seem to require major attention as they may act at the crossroads between cancer treatment and COVID-19 disease, due to their profound immunomodulatory activity. On the basis of available literature evidence, we suggest guidance to consider for treating physicians, and propose areas of clinical and preclinical investigation. Comprehensively, although with the necessary caution, ICI therapy seems to remain a suitable therapeutic option for patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Preprocedure Application of Machine Learning and Mechanistic Simulations Predicts Likelihood of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Following Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: Shade Julie K. , Ali Rheeda L. , Basile Dante , Popescu Dan , Akhtar Tauseef , Marine Joseph E. , Spragg David D. , Calkins Hugh , Trayanova Natalia A. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is an effective treatment strategy for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but many experience AF recurrence and require repeat ablation procedures. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a methodology that combines machine learning (ML) and personalized computational modeling to predict, before PVI, which patients are most likely to experience AF recurrence after PVI.

Methods:
This single-center retrospective proof-of-concept study included 32 patients with documented paroxysmal AF who underwent PVI and had preprocedural late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. For each patient, a personalized computational model of the left atrium simulated AF induction via rapid pacing. Features were derived from pre-PVI late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance images and from results of simulations of AF induction. The most predictive features were used as input to a quadratic discriminant analysis ML classifier, which was trained, optimized, and evaluated with 10-fold nested cross-validation to predict the probability of AF recurrence post-PVI.

Results:
In our cohort, the ML classifier predicted probability of AF recurrence with an average validation sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 89%, respectively, and a validation area under the curve of 0.82. Dissecting the relative contributions of simulations of AF induction and raw images to the predictive capability of the ML classifier, we found that when only features from simulations of AF induction were used to train the ML classifier, its performance remained similar (validation area under the curve, 0.81). However, when only features extracted from raw images were used for training, the validation area under the curve significantly decreased (0.47).

Conclusions:
ML and personalized computational modeling can be used together to accurately predict, using only pre-PVI late gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans as input, whether a patient is likely to experience AF recurrence following PVI, even when the patient cohort is small.
Similar levels of symptoms and problems were found among patients referred to specialized palliative care by general practitioners and hospital physicians: A nationwide register-based study of 31,139 cancer patients
Authors: Hansen Maiken Bang , Ross Lone , Petersen Morten Aagaard , Adsersen Mathilde , Rojas-Concha Leslye , Groenvold Mogens 
Published: June 2020

Background: Previous studies suggest that the symptomatology threshold (i.e. the level and types of symptoms) for a referral to specialized palliative care might differ for doctors in different parts of the healthcare system; however, it has not yet been investigated. Aim: To investigate if the number and level of symptoms/problems differed for patients referred from the primary and secondary healthcare sectors (i.e. general practitioner versus hospital physician). Setting/participants: Adult cancer patients registered in the Danish Palliative Care Database who reported their symptoms/problems at admittance to specialized palliative care between 2010 and 2017 were included. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed with each symptom/problem as outcome to study the association between referral sector and symptoms/problems, controlled for the effect of gender, age, cancer diagnosis and the specialized palliative care service referred to. Results: The study included 31,139 patients. The average age was 69 years and 49% were women. Clinically neglectable associations were found between referral sector and pain, appetite loss, fatigue, number of symptoms/problems, number of severe symptoms/problems (odds ratios between 1.05 and 1.20, all p < 0.05) and physical functioning (odds ratio = 0.81 (inpatient care) and 1.32 (outpatient), both p < 0.05). The remaining six outcomes were not significantly associated with referral sector. Conclusion: Differences across healthcare sectors in, for example, competences and patient population did not seem to result in different symptomatology thresholds for referring patients to palliative care since only small, and probably not clinically relevant, differences in symptomatology was found across referral sectors.
SOFAMONIA: Comparison of the original SOFA score with the proposed new score including serum ammonia
Authors: Zanuto Amanda Carolina Damasceno , Larangeira Alexandre Sanches , Tanita Marcos Toshiyuki , Ishioka Hugo Kenzo , Grion Cintia Magalhães Carvalho , Delfino Vinicius Daher Alvares 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:Hyperammonemia can represent organic dysfunction of the brain, kidney, or liver. Evaluation of serum ammonia concentrations as a parameter for organ dysfunction may be justified.Objective:To evaluate the performance of serum ammonia as an additional or substitute variable for organ systems in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score.Methods:A prospective cohort study including 173 patients admitted to the intensive care unit between March 2015 and February 2016. SOFAMONIA scores were defined as follows: SOFAMONIA1 (Glasgow coma scale replaced by serum ammonia), SOFAMONIA2 (serum bilirubin replaced by serum ammonia), SOFAMONIA3 (renal system score replaced by serum ammonia), and SOFAMONIA4 (addition of serum ammonia to the original SOFA as the seventh variable, changing the maximum score from 24 to 28).Results:The original SOFA presented an area under the curve–receiver operating characteristic of 0.697 to predict hospital mortality. There was a positive correlation between SOFA and SOFAMONIA scores. SOFAMONIA1 presented a cut‐off point of 5 for area under the curve 0.684 (0.610–0.753, 95% confidence interval), SOFAMONIA2 presented a cut‐off point of 9 for area under the curve 0.701 (0.626–0.768, 95% confidence interval), SOFAMONIA3 presented a cut‐off point of 8 for area under the curve 0.674 (0.598–0.743, 95% confidence interval), and SOFAMONIA4 presented a cut‐off point of 8 for area under the curve 0.702 (0.628–0.769, 95% confidence interval).Conclusions:The addition of ammonia as the seventh parameter of the SOFA score showed the best performance to predict hospital mortality. The addition of ammonia as a representative of metabolic dysfunction may be useful in the follow‐up of critically ill patients.
Diversity for diversity: A “fast track” nursing service model to complement conventional emergency medicine service in a busy urban area emergency department
Authors: Hing Yin Ng , Kin Ping Fan , Chor Man Lo 
Published: June 2020

Background: In a busy local emergency department, patients with certain non-life-threatening conditions which only require relatively quick and straightforward management may encounter long waiting times. A new service model called the “Fast Track” Nursing Service attempts to lessen the service load of the regular service queues and to improve patient outcomes. Objectives: This article reports the service outcomes of the Fast Track Nursing Service. Methods: Nurses at our department are selected and trained under clinical protocols specially developed for this service. Assessments and quality assurance audits ensure the quality of service. Results: This service resulted in comparatively shorter waiting times for patients included in predetermined clinical protocols. There was also a high level of patient satisfaction with this service. Conclusion: Our Fast Track Enhanced Nursing service is a model of tailored service diversification to shorten waiting times, thus improving patient satisfaction and outcome.
One-stage, radical laparoscopic endometriosis excision involving three different organ systems: A case report from tertiary referral center
Authors: Ćorić Mario , Gregov Marija , Šarić Marko Jakov , Mikuš Mislav , Grgić Franjo , Knežević Nikola , Matošević Petar , Brozović Ivo 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: We present a case of an extensive endometriosis involving left paracolpium and left parametrium, rectovaginal septum, urinary bladder, left interiliac region between artery and vein, left ureter and rectum, presenting as dysmenorrhoea, alternating bouts of diarrhea and constipation and hydronephrosis. Methods: Laparoscopic surgery made by a multidisciplinary team consist of gynecologic, abdominal surgeon and urologist. Results: Successfully managed deep infiltrated endometriosis. Conclusion: The aim of this report is to demonstrate benefit of one-stage, minimally invasive radical surgical procedure performed in a tertiary referral center. To the best of our knowledge, this report presents an extremely complex case because we successfully managed deep infiltrating endometriosis in three different organ systems at the same time, using minimally invasive nerve-sparing technique. A case with the same constellation has not been published yet since reported cases of extrapelvic endometriosis chiefly address one organ system involvement.
The prevalence of headache disorders in children and adolescents in Lithuania: a schools-based study
Authors: Genc Diana , Vaičienė-Magistris Nerija , Zaborskis Apolinaras , Şaşmaz Tayyar , Tunç Aylin Yeniocak , Uluduz Derya , Steiner Timothy J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
While the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study reports headache disorders as the second-highest cause of disability worldwide, the headache data in GBD come very largely from adults. This national study in Lithuania was part of a global schools-based programme within the Global Campaign against Headache contributing data from children (7–11 years) and adolescents (12–17 years).

Methods
The methods followed the generic protocol for the global study. The basic study design was a cross-sectional survey. Self-completed structured questionnaires were administered, within classes, in 24 schools selected from seven regions of Lithuania to be nationally representative. Headache diagnostic questions were based on ICHD-3 beta criteria but for the inclusion of undifferentiated headache (UdH).

Results
Of 3714 potential participants, 2505 (children 1382 [55.2%], adolescents 1123 [44.8%]; males 1169 [46.7%], females 1336 [53.3%]) completed the questionnaire. Adolescents and males were therefore relatively under-represented, with non-participation (32.6%) due in most cases to lack of parental consent. Observed lifetime prevalence of headache was 92.2%. Gender- and age-adjusted 1-year prevalence was 76.6% (migraine: 21.4%; tension-type headache [TTH]: 25.6%; UdH: 24.0%; all headache on ≥15 days/month: 3.9%; probable medication-overuse headache: 0.8%). All headache types except UdH were more prevalent among females than males, and among adolescents than children. UdH showed a complex relationship with age, but represented 38.0% of all reported headache in children, 27.4% in adolescents. Headache yesterday (HY) was reported by 17.5%, almost double the 9.8% predicted from prevalence and headache frequency to have headache on any day. The reason was unclear.

Conclusions
Findings were not very different from those reported in Turkey and Austria, but with more TTH. Headache has, therefore, again been shown to be common in children and adolescents, and UdH confirmed as a headache type that must be recognised and included in accounts of headache in these age groups.
Enhancing Water-Splitting Efficiency Using a Zn/Sn-Doped PN Photoelectrode of Pseudocubic α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Jie-Xiang , Meng Yongtao , Tseng Chuan-Ming , Huang Yan-Kai , Lin Tung-Ming , Wang Yang-Ming , Deng Jin-Pei , Wu Hsiang-Chiu , Hung Wei-Hsuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstractα-Phase hematite photoelectrodes can split water. This material is nontoxic, inexpensive, and chemically stable; its low energy gap of 2.3 eV absorbs light with wavelengths lower than 550 nm, accounting for approximately 30% of solar energy. Previously, we reported polyhedral pseudocubic α-Fe2O3 nanocrystals using a facile hydrothermal route to increase spatial charge separation, enhancing the photocurrent of photocatalytic activity in the water-splitting process. Here, we propose a p-n junction structure in the photoanode of pseudocubic α-Fe2O3 to improve short carrier diffusion length, which limits its photocatalytic efficiency. We dope Zn on top of an Fe2O3 photoanode to form a layer of p-type semiconductor material; Sn is doped from the FTO substrate to form a layer of n-type semiconductor material. The p-n junction, n-type Fe2O3:Sn and p-type Fe2O3:Zn, increase light absorption and charge separation caused by the internal electric field in the p-n junction.