bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INDICADORES FÍSICOS E HÍDRICOS Y USO DEL SUELO EN LOS FRUTALES
Authors: Hidalgo Roberto Revelo 
Published: December 2020

La resistencia mecánica que opone un suelo y los efectos de diferentes usos sobre propiedades físicas relacionadas con la compactación y humedad del suelo, provoca un empaquetamiento denso de las partículas, lo que aumenta la densidad aparente en detrimento de la porosidad, en especial la macro porosidad impidiendo la entrada de humedad, en donde los insumos agrícolas, la disturbación del perfil del suelo por el uso de herramienta agrícola, el transito rutinario de personal y de animales, permiten a que se incremente esa resistencia y que a su vez reduzca la asimilación de fertilizantes, la efectividad del ingrediente activo de los productos químicos y la actividad microbiológica del suelo; limitando el crecimiento de la raíz de la planta, que en algunos casos, las pérdidas de la cosecha pueden llegar a un 30% a causa de la compactación. Una variable importante para describir la condición física del suelo es la resistencia mecánica y la calidad física del suelo, puede evaluarse a través de la resistencia y resiliencia de los poros del suelo, lo que corresponde a la capacidad de un suelo de mantener sus funciones sin variaciones significativas luego de ser expuesto a un estrés, este problema se puede mitigar midiendo las variables de densidad aparente y de agregados del suelo, precisar la porosidad de un suelo, medir la humedad antes de sembrar (Seybold, C.; et, al 1999).La distribución excesiva de la humedad del suelo, un inadecuado sistema de drenaje y compactado son causales de anegamiento que pueden reducir el crecimiento vegetal, cambios en el metabolismo de las plantas, menor absorción de agua y nutrientes, baja producción y muerte de la planta. El anegamiento en las plantas estará determinada por el tiempo de exposición a este estrés y la tolerancia de éstas, siendo un motivo por el que las plantas pueden presentar modificaciones defensivas como vías alternas de respiración, mayor producción de antioxidantes y etileno, inducción de la epinastia y el cierre de estomas, además la formación de nuevas estructuras como el aerénquima, lenticelas hipertrofiadas y raíces adventicias. No obstante, la falta de oxígeno puede llevar a las plantas a la muerte
Pengembangan Teknologi Game Indonesia untuk Game 2D “HEROES OF INDONESIA” Menggunakan Unity 2D Engine Berbasis Mobile
Authors: Kaurie Fazriyanor , Purwanto Agung , Minarni Minarni 
Published: December 2020

Pengembangan Teknologi Game Indonesia Untuk Game 2D “Heroes Of Indonesia” Menggunakan Unity 2D Engine Berbasis Mobile merupakan game dengan genre Action-Adventure, yang berguna sebagai hiburan serta sarana edukasi pengenalan sejarah kemerdekaan Indonesia kepada para pemainnya yang dirancang untuk smartphone berbasis Android. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan game sejenis. Untuk metode perancangannya dimulai dari tahap Analisis Data, Desain Sistem, Pembuatan Program, Pengujian, Implementasi, dan Evaluasi. Simpulan dari skripsi ini adalah perpaduan antara rintangan dan edukasi berupa kuis dalam game “Heroes Of Indonesia” merupakan media yang efektif dan menarik untuk mengenalkan sejarah apa saja yang terjadi dalam tercapainya kemerdekaan Indonesia. Tanggapan dari responden juga terhibur dengan memainkan game “Heroes Of Indonesia”.
Four Discourses of Digital Rights: Promises and Problems of Rights-Based Politics
Authors: Karppinen Kari , Puukko Outi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe notion of digital rights has recently generated a number of political declarations and civil society initiatives across the world. By critically examining these declarations and academic debates on digital rights, this article asks: Why is it that information policy issues are increasingly framed in terms of individual rights? And on what understandings of rights do various political, corporate, and civil society declarations of digital rights rest? The article identifies four discourses of digital rights, linked to different ideological assumptions and political contexts. Finally, possible limitations and pathologies of the rights discourse are discussed.
The Functions of Data in the Competition between Audiovisual Media and Video Sharing Platforms for Advertising
Authors: Micova Sally Broughton , Jacques Sabine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The European Union's (EU) 2018 Audiovisual Media Services Directive attempted to level the playing field upon which video sharing platforms and audiovisual media services compete by evening out advertising and consumer protection rules. Recent competition policy literature identifies data as a source of dominance in platform markets, suggesting its relevance to such situations where platforms compete with other services. Drawing on a study of this playing field involving stakeholder interviews and a comparison of regulatory frameworks, we present a nuanced understanding of imbalances across three distinct functions of data. We consider the policy implications, arguing for more equitable access to insight from aggregate, anonymized data and financial data.
Geology and Genesis of the Giant Gorevskoe Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia
Authors: Belokonov Georgii , Frenzel Max , Priyatkina Nadezhda S. , Renno Axel D. , Makarov Vladimir , Gutzmer Jens 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Gorevskoe Pb-Zn-Ag mine is currently the largest producer of Pb and Zn in Russia, exploiting one of the largest sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits worldwide. Despite its size and economic importance, the Gorevskoe deposit remains poorly understood. It is located on the western margin of the Siberian craton within the Yenisei Ridge, a Neoproterozoic orogenic belt. Mineralization consists of three tabular orebodies that are in turn composed of multiple stacked stratiform to strata-bound lenses of galena-pyrrhotite-sphalerite-rich massive sulfide ore, hosted in organic-rich marine metalimestones and calcareous slates of Stenian to Tonian age (1,020 ± 70 Ma). Extensive Fe-Mg-Mn-carbonate alteration haloes surround the ore lenses. The Pb isotope signature of the deposit is consistent with derivation of Pb, and probably all associated metals, from an evolved crustal source at the time of formation of the host rocks. The sulfur isotope compositions of pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, and pyrite (δ34S = 16.0–20.4‰) do not vary considerably across the deposit and are within the range reported for contemporaneous seawater, indicating complete reduction of marine sulfate as the main source of sulfur.
The available geologic and geochemical data indicate that the Gorevskoe deposit belongs to the sediment-hosted massive sulfide (SHMS) class of Zn-Pb deposits, with an affinity to Selwyn-type deposits. Hydrothermal mineralization appears to be temporally related to rifting and distal mafic volcanism in a passive margin setting. Geologic relationships suggest that the orebodies formed in a diagenetic environment. Furthermore, the predominance of primary pyrrhotite over pyrite as the major iron sulfide, the presence of abundant siderite, and the relatively homogeneous sulfur isotope signature of the ores indicate highly reducing conditions during ore formation. They also constrain the character of the metal-bearing fluid to be similarly reducing, and of moderate temperature (200°–300°C). Gorevskoe may thus be regarded as one of the world’s largest Selwyn-type SHMS deposits.
Augmenting Healthcare with Human-Centered Technologies
Authors: Moehle Christopher , Gibson Jessica 
Published: December 2020

“Robotics”, “Artificial Intelligence”, and “Machine Learning” have become an almost impossibly broad amalgam of terminologies that span across industries to include everything from the cotton gin to self-driving cars, and touch a broad range of biotechnology and med tech applications. We address the spread of these transformative technologies across every interpretation of the analogy, including the spectrum ranging from practical, highly economic products to inventive science fiction with speculative business cases. In this two-part article, we first briefly overview the high-level commonalities between historically successful products and the economic factors driving adoption of these intelligent technologies in our current economy. In doing so, we focus heavily on “Augmentation” as a central theme of the best products historically, now, and in the near future. In the second part of the article, we further illustrate how “Augmented Intelligence” can be applied to biotech. This is done through a mini-case study, or a detailed practicum, on Ariel Precision Medicine, to illustrate how “Augmented Intelligence” can be applied to precision medicine currently.
La progettazione scolastica orientata alla promozione della salute. Un percorso di dialogo intersettoriale per l’allineamento delle competenze chiave per l’apprendimento e «life skill»
Authors: Crispiatico Maria Grazia , Bestetti Patrizia , Velasco Veronica , Celata Corrado , Coppola Liliana , Estensione LST Gruppo 
Published: December 2020

In health promotion area, the integration of the school and health sectors is essential. The objective of this work is to introduce a logical framework to «align» educational concepts and objectives, starting from international and national indications on school curricula, with health promotion concepts and objectives (in particular life skill and life skill education). A working group composed of 26 school representatives and health promotion professionals has been set up and in a participatory way they have produced alignment tables for different school orders. The tables propose an alignment between: European key competences for lifelong learning, student profile competences, targets for competence development, life skills and LifeSkills Training objectives. The logical framework offers a comparison between different conceptualisations of competences useful for learning and people’s well-being. It can also serve as a guideline for school planning competence-based oriented towards health promotion and it can represent an operationalisation of cross-sectoral collaboration.
A Status Report on School Intercultural Mediation in Europe
Authors: Portera Agostino , Trevisan Michael , Milani Marta 
Published: December 2020

This paper provides results of an investigation into the research literature of intercultural mediation and how intercultural mediation has been implemented in Europe. To this end, a systematic quantitative literature review was conducted, which identified 77 conceptual and empirical manuscripts for this study. The review showed that little agreement exists on precisely what intercultural mediation is and how it should be structured and supported as a profession. The empirical works identified in this study can be characterized as ad hoc in nature, capitalizing on circumstances. The result is a patchwork of concepts and studies that collectively do not provide sufficient support or foundation for the use of intercultural mediation. In order to move the field forward, we argue that an immediate next step should be the development of a well-thought, systematic research program, grounded in the existing literature. A strong recommendation found in the literature is the use of evaluation to illustrate the value of intercultural mediation. Evaluation can provide data that could help those in authority make defensible decisions about policy support for intercultural mediation. Finally, considering the current situation in European schools, we propose that in the field of mediation the intercultural approach be implemented.
Teaching Non-Italian Students: Italian Adaptation of the Questionnaire on Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Sensin Ceyda , Benvenuto Guido , Rubat du Mérac Emiliane 
Published: December 2020

The survey of teachers’ perspectives on the teaching of refugees and immigrant pupils by Kurbegovic (2016) is used to evaluate five dimensions of teachers’ self-perception: Selfefficacy, Implementation Practices, Cultural Competence, Competence/Preparation and Student Needs. The present study is aimed at analysing the self-awareness of primary school teachers of the teaching of refugee and immigrant students in Italy. The survey of Kurbegovic within its 30 items (Cronbach’s Alpha = .86) was conducted on a sample of 190 teachers who teach in primary schools in Rome. After removing 2 items that are cross loading, the exploratory factor analysis (Maximum likelihood method with Oblimin rotation) confirms a five-factor structure and shows a good construct validity and reliability. Current research reveals that the survey of teachers’ perspectives on refugee and immigrant populations is appropriately adapted to assess Italian primary school teachers’ views. This tool demonstrates its usefulness not only for research but also for pedagogical practice and can help to create an inclusive classroom environment that provide students with equal access to the curriculum and learning experiences.
Socio-Ecological Correlates of Attitude towards KVK Functioning: A Multivariate Analytical Approach
Authors: Acharya S. K. , Ghosh Arindam , Mahato Mrityunjoy , Haque Monirul , Mazumder Debashis , Ghoshal Swagata , Biswas Amitava 
Published: December 2020

Krishi Vigyan Kendra was established initially to impart training to the different stakeholders of the farming community as a method of technology delivery system. As the time passed by this grass root institution has undergone a tremendous change, starting from technology generation, testing, verification and ultimately onwards transmission to the end users for the enhancement of the productivity in particular and for the overall socio- economic development of the rural people in general with its mandated programmes. The work was conducted with 10 independent variables and one dependent variables- Attitude towards KVK activities (y).Purposive as well as simple random techniques were adopted for the study. For selection of state & district purposive sampling techniques and for block & villages simple random technique were employed for selection of respondents. Among 50 adopted KVK farmers of the selected villages only 22 adopted farmers have been randomly selected and more 22 non adopted farmers and thus altogether 44 farmers have been randomly selected for the study. Analyzing the data using the statistical tools range, mean, coefficient of variation, coefficient of correlation, regression analysis, path analysis, factor analysis, canonical discriminate (Unstandardized) Function results were obtained. So it is clear that KVK is an institutional project of ICAR to demonstrate the application of science and technology input of agricultural research and education in the farmers field in the rural areas and today KVK stands as a bridge between the research laboratories and application of modern agricultural science in rural India through the technology the development and delivery system.
Online Learning Using Google Classroom: Undergraduate Medical Students and Paediatric Residents Perspectives in the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Yarhere I. E. , Obuzor I. O. , Fomsi E. 
Published: December 2020

Schools in Nigeria were shut down and lectures stopped altogether. The capacity of the Nigerian educational environment to carry out these online interactions may be stretched thin with many foreseeable challenges.
Objectives: To identify the current familiarity and use of online classroom platforms by medical students and Paediatric residents, and to identify the barriers to its use for medical education.
Methods: A descriptive comparative study design using a semi-structured online questionnaire Google survey of 128 medical students and residents in training in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital assessing demographics, availability of tools for online learning and application.
Results: Both groups had high familiarity, but low use, of Google classroom, and preferred mobile devices to laptops. There was high familiarity 90.6%, but low use 42.2%, of Google classroom and the ease of using Google classroom for interphasing or interacting between learners and facilitators was affected by Internet availability, Pearson correlation, 0.185, p = 0.037, but not electric power availability, Pearson correlation, 0.135, p = 0.133.
Conclusions: There is an overall high awareness of a range of the Google classroom LMS platform by both medical students and residents. However, constant electric energy supply, availability of internet and competence in preparing multimedia presentations and uploading these for assessment may enhance the use of online learning platforms in Nigeria for undergraduate and post graduate medical education.
Chronic Distal Radioulnar Instability- Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review
Authors: Younes Sanad , Saad Ahmad , Buahlaika Zeyad 
Published: December 2020

The distal radioulnar joint is one of the inherently unstable joint in the body, its injury is commonly missed and the patient may present later with pain and restricted movement because of joint instability. The distal radioulnar joint instability could be dorsal , volar , or bidirectional, and it could be caused by soft tissue injury or bony injury and malunion. It is fundamentall to recognize the type of injury and the cause of instability to be able to provide the proper form of treatment to get the best results.
Simulation-Based Training in Basic Surgical Skills: Experiences From a Repeat Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almarhabi Yahya 
Published: December 2020

Introduction
The conventional surgical apprenticeship has been challenged by patient safety concerns, cost of lengthy operation, and surgical complications. Simulation-based training (SBT) has emerged as a realistic option for surgical skills acquisition outside the operating room (OR). The study aimed to document our experience in implementing SBT to acquire basic surgical skills, offered as an educational course, known as the Basic Surgery Skill Course (BSSC).

Methods
This was a repeated cross-sectional study conducted between January 2017 and December 2019 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Saudi Arabia, including all participants who participated during BSSCs. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on age, sex, training level, institution, overall experience, course overload, course duration, best feature of the course, and whether participants would recommend the course to their colleagues. Whenever possible, self-reported data were compared with registration records, and any conflict was resolved by discussion.

Results
BSSC was found in a total of 489 participants. More than 58% of the participants were men. Majority of students came from out of KAUH (61%) and were medical interns (63%). Overall experience of the course was very beneficial (57%). The course workload and duration were rated as about right by 82% and 75% of participants, respectively. Majority of participants found that the “hands-on practice” as the best segment of the course (76%).

Conclusion
The study showed a positive perception of this surgical education modality among participants. This study will help guide the future research on advanced simulation-based surgical training in the region.
Rating Post-Operative Backs (Part I)
Authors: Talmage James B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fourth Edition, uses the Injury Model to rate impairment in people who have experienced back injuries. Injured individuals who have not required surgery can be rated using differentiators. Challenges arise when assessing patients whose injuries have been treated surgically before the patient is rated for impairment. This article discusses five of the most common situations: 1) What is the impairment rating for an individual who has had an injury resulting in sciatica and who has been treated surgically, either with chemonucleolysis or with discectomy? 2) What is the impairment rating for an individual who has a back strain and is operated on without reasonable indications? 3) What is the impairment rating of an individual with sciatica and a foot drop (major anterior tibialis weakness) from L5 root damage? 4) What is the rating for an individual who is injured, has true radiculopathy, undergoes a discectomy, and is rated as Category III but later has another injury and, ultimately, a second disc operation? 5) What is the impairment rating for an older individual who was asymptomatic until a minor strain-type injury but subsequently has neurogenic claudication with severe surgical spinal stenosis on MRI/myelography? [Continued in the September/October 1997 The Guides Newsletter]
Key Principles in Using the Guides (Part II)
Authors: Roth Henry J. , Brigham Christopher R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article (continued from the previous issue) discusses and clarifies 21 key principles for using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition. Tests of inconsistency are good but imperfect indicators of patients’ efforts, and if observations or test results are insufficient, the physician should explain the modified impairment assessment in writing. The AMA Guides includes rules for interpolating, measuring and rounding, and evaluating, and physicians should be familiar with them. In general, impairment percentages allow for pain that may accompany the impairing condition. If possible, the evaluator should remove a patient's protheses during evaluation. Physicians should consult the Combined Values Chart if the effects of treatment prevent adequate impairment management. A patient's decision to decline therapy for a permanent impairment should neither increase nor decrease the estimated impairment. The AMA strongly encourages use of the most recent of the AMA Guides. Impairment percentages derived according to AMA Guides criteria should not be used to make direct financial awards or direct estimates of disabilities. Combining, compared to adding, is a mathematical process to prevent estimating impairments greater than 100%, and the Combined Values Chart provides guidance for use. Divergent ratings should be matters of fact, not opinion.
The Challenge of Evaluating Asthma Impairment and Disability
Authors: Ranavaya Mohammed I. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The diagnostic criteria for asthma usually are straightforward and generally follow the Guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS). The assessment of impairment and disability from asthma is complex because of the variable nature of the disease, and the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) gives physicians discretion to adjust the class of impairment based on the frequency of asthma attacks and the physician's judgment. A physician with expertise in lung disease may use the ATS Guidelines for impairment along with the AMA Guides to determine respiratory and whole person impairment, and a table compares the AMA Guides and the ATS Guidelines in support of assessing whole person impairment. An evaluation protocol addresses the steps in the process (all should be well documented): confirm the presence of asthma; determine its severity; estimate the permanent whole person impairment (a table lists classes of whole person impairment based on the AMA Guides and the ATS Guidelines); and assess work-related asthma. In some cases, an individual with airway hyperresponsiveness may not have an impairment but may have disability for specific jobs. The protocol and suggestions offered here may be practical in most circumstances for evaluating asthma impairment and disability.