bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinctively different predictors for long‐term outcomes between responders and nonresponders who underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Yufu Kunio , Abe Ichitaro , Kondo Hidekazu , Saito Shotaro , Fukui Akira , Okada Norihiro , Akioka Hidefumi , Shinohara Tetsuji , Teshima Yasushi , Nakagawa Mikiko , Takahashi Naohiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is common to develop heart failure (HF) events even in respondents to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) during a long‐term observation period. We investigated the predictors for long‐term outcome in responders in comparison with nonresponders in patients diagnosed with HF along with implanted CRT.MethodsWe enrolled 133 consecutive patients (mean age, 70 ± 10 years; 72 males) implanted with CRT from April 2010 to July 2019. Accurate follow‐up information (mean follow‐up period, 983 ± 801 days) was obtained from 66 responders and 53 nonresponders.ResultsKaplan‐Meier event‐free curves showed that major adverse cerebral and cardiovascular event (MACCE)‐free ratio was significantly lower as the stage of renal function progresses (log rank, 19.5; P < .0001). The baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (e‐GFR) before CRT was not significantly different between nonresponders and responders. The e‐GFR after judgment of CRT response was lower in patients with MACCEs than those without. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that low baseline e‐GFR before CRT and after judgment of CRT response was closely related with MACCEs in responders, but not in nonresponders. The survival rate in responders without MACCEs assessed using Kaplan‐Meier analysis was significantly larger in the preserved e‐GFR (baseline value before CRT, >44 mL/min/1.73 m2) group than in the depressed group (log rank, 20.29; P < .0001).ConclusionWe demonstrate that the factors for MACCEs during long follow‐up periods were distinctively different between responders and nonresponders. Patients with depressed e‐GFRs are suggested to have poor prognosis even if they are responders to CRT.
When is the grass greener on the other side? A longitudinal study of the joint effect of occupational mobility and personality on the honeymoon‐hangover experience during job change
Authors: Zhou Ying , Wu Chia‐Huei , Zou Min , Williams Mark 
Published: November 2020

SummaryPrevious research shows that job satisfaction often increases sharply upon initial entry into the new job and gradually falls back to the baseline level over time. In this study, we propose that this ‘honeymoon‐hangover’ pattern is affected by both the direction of occupational mobility and the individual's personality in terms of extraversion and neuroticism. Drawing on the British Household Panel Survey that followed 10,000 individuals annually for 18 years, this study shows that only those who move up the occupational class ladder experience significant ‘honeymoon’ effects, while those who move downwards experience dissatisfaction that lasts for several years after the transition. While the positive effect of upward mobility is not amplified by extraversion, the negative effect of downward mobility is exacerbated by neuroticism. This study highlights the importance of taking into account both situational and dispositional factors for understanding the long‐term impact of career change on subjective well‐being.
Facing multidrug‐resistant pathogens in periprosthetic joint infections with self‐administered outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Frieler Sven , Hanusrichter Yannik , Bellova Petri , Geßmann Jan , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Baecker Hinnerk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA key factor in the successful management of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) besides the surgical regime is a consistent antimicrobial therapy. Recently, oral versus intravenous (IV) antibiotics for bone and joint infection trial demonstrated the noninferiority of oral antimicrobial therapy compared to IV, implying that an early transition to oral administration is reasonable. It is likely that the international consensus meeting of musculoskeletal Infections and the European Bone and Joint Infection Society will consider these findings. However, rising levels of antimicrobial resistance are challenging and recommendations for dealing with multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens resistant to oral antibiotics are lacking. This study focuses on establishing guidance towards their management in PJI. From December 2015 to June 2019, patients with MDR pathogens were included in a single‐center prospective cohort study and treated with self‐administered outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (S‐OPAT) based on a two‐stage revision strategy. Demographics, pathogens, antimicrobial agents, and outcomes were recorded. A total of 1738 outpatient days in 26 patients were analyzed. The incidence of pathogens resistant to oral antibiotics in PJI was 4%, most frequently encountered were staphylococcus epidermidis. The Kaplan–Meier‐estimated infection‐free survival after 3 years was 90% (95% confidence interval, 84.6%–95.5%). We recorded adverse events in 6 of 54 (11%) S‐OPAT episodes (3.45/1000 S‐OPAT days). (i) S‐OPAT in two‐stage revision arthroplasty to counter increasing numbers of MDR pathogens resistant to oral agents can achieve a high infection eradication rate and (ii) should therefore be taken into account at the next society's consensus treatment updates.
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound Evaluations of Zone II Partial Flexor Tendon Lacerations
Authors: Stephens Andrew R. , Buterbaugh Kristin L. , Gordon Joshua A. , Steinberg David R. , Bozentka David J. , Khoury Viviane , Kazmers Nikolas H. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesSurgical intervention for zone II high‐grade partial flexor tendon lacerations is often required when more than half of the tendon width is torn. Reliable noninvasive tests are critical for optimizing clinical decision making. Our team previously investigated the use of ultrasound (US) for identification of high‐grade zone II flexor digitorum profundus lacerations. In this study, we compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to US for the evaluation of high‐grade partial flexor tendon lacerations in cadaveric specimens.MethodsDissection of 32 digits in 8 fresh‐frozen upper extremity cadaveric specimens was performed. The flexor digitorum profundus tendons were randomized into 3 groups: intact, low‐grade laceration, and high‐grade laceration. A dynamic US examination was performed by a blinded musculoskeletal radiologist. The same specimens underwent hand coil MRI, which was read by the same blinded radiologist. Magnetic resonance imaging test performance metrics were calculated and compared to those computed for the US evaluation.ResultsFor US evaluation of high‐grade lacerations, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.5 and 1.0, with positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR–) values of ∞ and 0.50, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for MRI evaluation were 0.2 and 1.0, with LR+ and LR– values of ∞ and 0.80.ConclusionsBoth US and MRI are adequate at determining the presence of a high‐grade laceration. Magnetic resonance imaging was more specific than US in identification of high‐grade partial flexor tendon lacerations. Although less specific, US is a reasonable and less‐expensive alternative to MRI when evaluating for clinically significant high‐grade partial flexor tendon lacerations.
Selective hydrogenation of α‐pinene on a nickel supported aluminophosphate catalyst: Process optimization and reaction kinetics
Authors: Yang Chen , Xiang Benfu , Jiang Lihong , Zhang Fengmei , Liu Chunbo , Wang Yaming , Zheng Yane , Liu Zhihua , He Pei 
Published: November 2020

Abstractcis‐Pinane, the hydrogenation product of pinene, is a key chemical intermediate and its production is an important forest chemical process. In this study, α‐pinene was hydrogenated using a nickel‐supported aluminophosphate catalyst (Ni/APO‐PT) in the batch mode of operation. The pore structure of the catalyst was characterized, the process parameters were studied, the hydrogenation process was optimized, and the kinetic study was conducted. The results showed that the conversion of pinene was positively correlated with temperature, duration, and catalyst dosage. In contrast, the selectivity of cis‐pinane was negatively correlated with temperature and catalyst dosage. An optimization was performed using the response surface methodology (RSM). A selectivity of 96.2% was obtained with α‐pinene conversion of 98.5% under optimal conditions, that is, a temperature of 405 K, reaction time of 60 min, hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa, and catalyst loading of 3.32 wt%. The reusability of the catalyst was studied, and the catalyst was found to maintain efficient activity for seven cycles. The kinetics of hydrogenation were investigated using both linear and nonlinear methods in the absence of diffusional limitation. In the temperature range from 403 to 433 K, the hydrogenation of α‐pinene to pinane was compatible with the pseudo‐first‐order process, and the activation energies for the formation of cis‐pinane and trans‐pinane were 41.8 and 56.1 kJ/mol, respectively. This study shows that the performance of the Ni/APO‐PT catalyst is similar to that of noble metals and the catalyst has the potential for industrial applications.
Continental margin sediments underlying the NE Pacific oxygen minimum zone are a source of nitrous oxide to the water column
Authors: Jameson Brett D. , Berg Peter , Grundle Damian S. , Stevens Catherine J. , Juniper S. Kim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContinental margin sediments are important sites of marine nitrogen cycling and potential contributors to atmospheric N2O emissions. We employed trace‐level N2O microsensors to measure vertical N2O profiles at submillimeter resolutions in intact cores from outer continental margin sediments underlying the NE Pacific oxygen minimum zone. We used mathematical modeling to estimate depth‐dependent rates of N2O production and fluxes to the overlying water along a transect of diminishing bottom water oxygen concentrations. Net sediment efflux was observed at all sites on the outer continental margin, with a mean value of 524 nmol m−2 d−1. N2O efflux increased with decreased oxygen penetration depth in sediments. Enhanced N2O production and efflux were obtained when outer continental shelf sediments were experimentally exposed to lower bottom‐water O2 concentrations, to simulate upwelling conditions. Our results underline the need for further investigation of the drivers of N2O production in continental margin sediments, and the relative importance of these environments to the global N2O budget.
Preparation of Tung Oil‐Loaded PU/PANI Microcapsules and Synergetic Anti‐Corrosion Properties of Self‐Healing Epoxy Coatings
Authors: Feng Yingying , Cui Yexiang , Zhang Mingjun , Li Meiling , Li Haiyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTung oil is used as a catalyst‐free repair agent. Tung oil‐loaded polyurethane (PU) microcapsules are prepared by interfacial polymerization in a SiO2‐stabilized Pickering emulsion system, polyaniline (PANI) is deposited in situ on the PU microcapsule surface, and tung oil‐loaded PU/PANI double‐layer shell microcapsules are obtained. Synthesized PU/PANI microcapsules showed the characteristic dark‐green color of conductive PANI. The average particle size is 31.1 ± 8.1 µm and the core content is 45.1 ± 4.3 wt%. The microcapsules have a good thermal stability, and the chemical structure of the PU/PANI wall and tung oil core is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Self‐healing anti‐corrosion coatings are prepared by adding 10 wt% microcapsules into epoxy resin. The corrosion resistance properties of the self‐healing coating are evaluated by immersing scratched coatings in 10 wt% NaCl solution for 15 days. The self‐healing coating with 10 wt% tung oil‐loaded PU/PANI microcapsules have the best anti‐corrosion property, and slight corrosion do not occur until 15 days after immersion in salt solution. The self‐healing and anti‐corrosion mechanism are revealed. The tung oil core and the PANI wall of microcapsules contributed synergistically to the excellent self‐healing and anti‐corrosion properties of the coating through the formation of self‐healing films and passivation layers.
Analogies and differences between cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and hepatopulmonary syndrome
Authors: Zardi Enrico Maria , Giorgi Chiara , Dobrina Aldo , Vecile Elena , Zardi Domenico Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCirrhotic cardiomyopathy and hepatopulmonary syndrome are two quite frequent clinical entities that may complicate the course of liver cirrhosis. The common pathophysiological origin and the same clinical presentation make them difficult to compare. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and hepatopulmonary syndrome may start with dyspnea and breathlessness but the former is characterized by a chronic cardiac dysfunction and the latter by a defect of oxygenation due to pulmonary shunts formation. The focus is to differentiate them as soon as possible since the treatment is different until the patient undergoes liver transplant that is the real unique cure for them.
Propolis: A useful agent on psychiatric and neurological disorders? A focus on CAPE and pinocembrin components
Authors: Menezes da Silveira Cinthia C. S. , Luz Diandra A. , da Silva Carla C. S. , Prediger Rui D. S. , Martins Manoela D. , Martins Marco A. T. , Fontes‐Júnior Enéas A. , Maia Cristiane S. F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPropolis consists of a honeybee product, with a complex mix of substances that have been widely used in traditional medicine. Among several compounds present in propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and pinocembrin emerge as two principal bioactive compounds, with benefits in a variety of body systems. In addition to its well‐explored pharmacological properties, neuropharmacological activities have been poorly discussed. In an unprecedented way, the present review addresses the current finding on the promising therapeutic purposes of propolis, focusing on CAPE and pinocembrin, highlighting its use on neurological disturbance, as cerebral ischemia, neuroinflammation, convulsion, and cognitive impairment, as well as psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In addition, we provide a critical analysis, discussion, and systematization of the molecular mechanisms which underlie these central nervous system effects. We hypothesize that the pleiotropic action of CAPE and pinocembrin, per se or associated with other substances present in propolis may result in the therapeutic activities reported. Inhibition of the pro‐inflammatory cascade, antioxidant activity, and positive neurotrophic modulatory effects consist of the main molecular targets attributed to CAPE and pinocembrin in health benefits.
A preclinical study of diffusion‐weighted MRI contrast as an early indicator of thermal ablation
Authors: Allen Steven P. , Prada Francesco , Xu Zhiyuan , Gatesman Jeremy , Feng Xue , Sporkin Helen , Gilbo Yekaterina , DeCleene Sydney , Pauly Kim Butts , Meyer Craig H. 
Published: November 2020

PurposeIntraoperative T2‐weighted (T2‐w) imaging unreliably captures image contrast specific to thermal ablation after transcranial MR‐guided focused ultrasound surgery, impeding dynamic imaging feedback. Using a porcine thalamotomy model, we test the unproven hypothesis that intraoperative DWI can improve dynamic feedback by detecting lesioning within 30 minutes of transcranial MR‐guided focused ultrasound surgery.MethodsTwenty‐five thermal lesions were formed in six porcine models using a clinical transcranial MR‐guided focused ultrasound surgery system. A novel diffusion‐weighted pulse sequence monitored the formation of T2‐w and diffusion‐weighted lesion contrast after ablation. Using postoperative T2‐w contrast to indicate lesioning, apparent intraoperative image contrasts and diffusion coefficients at each lesion site were computed as a function of time after ablation, observed peak temperature, and observed thermal dose. Lesion sizes segmented from imaging and thermometry were compared. Image reviewers estimated the time to emergence of lesion contrast. Intraoperative image contrasts were analyzed using receiver operator curves.ResultsOn average, the apparent diffusion coefficient at lesioned sites decreased within 5 minutes after ablation relative to control sites. In‐plane lesion areas on intraoperative DWI varied from postoperative T2‐w MRI and MR thermometry by mm2 and mm2, respectively. The 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 quantiles of the earliest times of observed T2‐w and diffusion‐weighted lesion contrast were 10.7, 21.0, and 27.8 minutes and 3.7, 8.6, and 11.8 minutes, respectively. The T2‐w and diffusion‐weighted contrasts and apparent diffusion coefficient values produced areas under the receiver operator curve of 0.66, 0.80, and 0.74, respectively.ConclusionIntraoperative DWI can detect MR‐guided focused ultrasound surgery lesion formation in the brain within several minutes after treatment.
Utilizing teaching technologies for higher education in a post‐COVID‐19 environment
Authors: de Koff Jason P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigher education can use technology in the classroom to meet students where they are and reduce the digital divide. Recent events with the COVID‐19 pandemic forced schools to rely on multiple forms of technology and underlined the priority for its adoption and effective use. Therefore, understanding the options and role that easily accessible applications can play in the on‐ground or online classroom is an important research need. This study assessed graduate students’ perceptions of five different types of technology that were incorporated in the classroom across six different semesters. These technologies included classroom response systems, a mobile communication app, and Twitter, blogging, and video production assignments. Overall, the majority of students identified positive characteristics of all of the technology used. With respect to learning, almost all students self‐identified increases in their learning from the classroom response systems (88%), Twitter discussion (81%), blogging (93%), and video production (90%). The methods used to incorporate this technology can be applied to multiple disciplines with few or no changes, thereby making these options for many instructors interested in engaging students in digital learning environments.
Four propositions about how valuation intervenes in local environmental politics
Authors: Tadaki Marc , Sinner Jim , Šunde Charlotte , Giorgetti Annabelle , Glavovic Bruce , Awatere Shaun , Lewis Nick , Stephenson Janet 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Environmental valuation provides a way of soliciting and organising information about how people relate to their environments. By canvassing a broad spectrum of human–nature relationships, valuation practice seeks to make environmental decision‐making more inclusive of diverse human concerns and aspirations.

When valuation is undertaken in real‐world decision‐making settings, choices must be made about how to adapt valuation into context. Generic guidance illuminates choices of theory and method, as well as practical issues such as cost and complexity; however, little guidance exists on how to understand and respond to the political implications of valuation in places.

To address this, we develop four propositions on how valuation intervenes into conflicted environmental decision‐making contexts, drawing on interviews with government officials and marine values‐holders from Aotearoa New Zealand's Marlborough Sounds.

Valuation intervenes in politics by (i) vesting certain scales and actors with authority, (ii) aligning with or contesting existing regulatory categories, (iii) reallocating expertise about the environment and (iv) reproducing or reworking the uneven playing field of decision‐making. Understanding these implications can support valuation practitioners to situate their work within locally relevant contexts and objectives.

These propositions provide a way of grasping the mechanisms through which valuation intervenes in local political struggles for environmental authority. Using these prompts, and developing others, can help valuation practitioners to ‘do good’ through seeking place‐based environmental justice and sustainability.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
First‐Dose Vancomycin Pharmacokinetics Versus Empiric Dosing on Area‐Under‐the‐Curve Target Attainment in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Flannery Alexander H. , Delozier Natalie L. , Effoe Samuel A. , Wallace Katie L. , Cook Aaron M. , Burgess David S. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundEarly attainment of target area under the curve (AUC) to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ratios have been associated with clinical success, as well as lower incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), in patients receiving vancomycin for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Critically ill patients are particularly vulnerable to poor outcomes from infection and face multiple risk factors for AKI, thus early precision dosing of vancomycin is vital in this population. We hypothesized that a personalized dosing approach, using vancomycin levels obtained after the first dose to guide further dosing, would be superior to empiric dosing in terms of AUC target attainment assessed at steady state (SS).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 66 critically ill adult patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit without AKI and receiving vancomycin with at least two SS concentrations obtained for AUC calculation was performed. Patients were separated into cohorts based on whether they had two concentrations assessed after the first dose of vancomycin and were subsequently dosed based on personalized pharmacokinetic calculations (first‐dose kinetics) or whether they were empirically dosed using population estimates. The primary outcome was AUC target attainment (400–600 mg hour/L) at SS.ResultsCompared with patients receiving empiric dosing by population estimates, using first‐dose kinetics to guide subsequent dosing resulted in significantly greater AUC target attainment at SS (58.6% first‐dose vs 32.4% empiric; p=0.033). Patients dosed empirically yielded more variable AUC values across a wide range compared with the first‐dose kinetics group (coefficient of variation 40.7% empiric vs 26.1% first‐dose). There was no difference in AKI up to 48 hours after SS concentrations between the two dosing schemes.ConclusionsA dosing strategy using two vancomycin serum concentrations after the first dose and calculating personalized pharmacokinetic parameters to guide subsequent dosing is associated with greater AUC target attainment at SS compared with empiric dosing of vancomycin in critically ill adults with relatively stable renal function.