bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of relative brain age with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic variants
Authors: Ning Kaida , Zhao Lu , Matloff Will , Sun Fengzhu , Toga Arthur W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBrain age is a metric that quantifies the degree of aging of a brain based on whole-brain anatomical characteristics. While associations between individual human brain regions and environmental or genetic factors have been investigated, how brain age is associated with those factors remains unclear. We investigated these associations using UK Biobank data. We first trained a statistical model for obtaining relative brain age (RBA), a metric describing a subject’s brain age relative to peers, based on whole-brain anatomical measurements, from training set subjects (n = 5,193). We then applied this model to evaluation set subjects (n = 12,115) and tested the association of RBA with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and genetic variants. We found that daily or almost daily consumption of tobacco and alcohol were both significantly associated with increased RBA (P < 0.001). We also found SNPs significantly associated with RBA (p-value < 5E-8). The SNP most significantly associated with RBA is located in MAPT gene. Our results suggest that both environmental and genetic factors are associated with structural brain aging.
Thickness-induced metal to insulator transition in Ru nanosheets probed by photoemission spectroscopy: Effects of disorder and Coulomb interaction
Authors: Ootsuki Daiki , Kodera Kenjiro , Shimonaka Daiya , Arita Masashi , Namatame Hirofumi , Taniguchi Masaki , Minohara Makoto , Horiba Koji , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Ikenaga Eiji , Yasui Akira , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Toyoda Satoshi , Morita Masahito , Fukuda Katsutoshi , Yoshida Teppei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe investigated the electronic structures of mono- and few-layered Ru nanosheets (N layers (L) with N = 1, ~6, and ~9) on Si substrate by ultra-violet and x-ray photoemission spectroscopies. The spectral density of states (DOS) near EF of ~6 L and 1 L is suppressed as it approaches EF in contrast to that of ~9 L, which is consistent with the Ru 3 d core-level shift indicating the reduction of the metallic conductivity. A power law g(ε) ∝ |ε − εF|α well reproduces the observed spectral DOS of ~6 L and 1 L. The evolution of the power factor α suggests that the transition from the metallic state of ~9 L to the 2-dimensional insulating state with the soft Coulomb gap of 1 L through the disordered 3-dimensional metallic state of ~6 L.
Analysis of the polycystin complex (PCC) in human urinary exosome–like vesicles (ELVs)
Authors: Lea Wendy A. , McGreal Kerri , Sharma Madhulika , Parnell Stephen C. , Zelenchuk Lesya , Charlesworth M. Cristine , Madden Benjamin J. , Johnson Kenneth L. , McCormick Daniel J. , Hogan Marie C. , Ward Christopher J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe polycystin–1 (PC1), polycystin–2 (PC2) and fibrocystin proteins, the respective products of the PKD1, PKD2 and PKHD1 genes, are abundant in urinary exosome–like vesicles (ELVs) where they form the polycystin complex (PCC). ELVs are 100 nm diameter membrane vesicles shed into the urine by the cells lining the nephron. Using MS/MS analysis of ELVs from individuals with PKD1 mutations and controls, we show that in addition to the well-described GPS/GAIN cleavage event in PC1 at 3048 aa and the proprotein convertase cleavage (PPC) event in fibrocystin at 3616 aa, there are multiple other cleavage events in these proteins. The C–terminal 11 transmembrane portion of PC1 undergoes three cleavage events in vivo. The absence of peptides from the C–terminal cytoplasmic tail of fibrocystin implies a cleavage event close to its single TM domain prior to loading onto the ELVs. There is also evidence that the C–terminal tail of PC2 is also cleaved in ELVs. Native gel analysis of the PCC shows that the entire complex is > 2 MDa in size and that N–terminal GPS/GAIN cleaved PC1 and PPC cleaved fibrocystin ectodomains can be released under non-reducing conditions and resolve at 300 kDa. This paper shows that the three major human cystogene proteins are detectable in human urinary ELVs and that all three undergo post-translational proteolytic processing. Human urinary ELVs may be a useful source of material in the search for proteins that interact with the PCC.
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Endogenous Antioxidants for Patients with Chronic Subjective Dizziness
Authors: Fang Zhigang , Huang Keer , Gil Chang-Hyun , Jeong Jin-Woo , Yoo Ho-Ryong , Kim Hyeong-Geug 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs a neurotologic disorder of persistent non-vertiginous dizziness, chronic subjective dizziness (CSD) arises unsteadily by psychological and physiological imbalance. The CSD is hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to complex motions visual stimuli. However, the pathophysiological features and mechanism of the CSD still remains unclearly. The present study was purposed to establish possible endogenous contributors of the CSD using serum samples from patients with the CSD. A total 199 participants were gathered and divided into two groups; healthy (n = 152, male for 61, and female for 91) and CSD (n = 47, male for 5, female for 42), respectively. Oxidative stress parameters such as, hydrogen peroxide and reactive substances were significantly elevated (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001), whereas endogenous antioxidant components including total glutathione contents, and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly deteriorated in the CSD group (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) as comparing to the healthy group, respectively. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor -α and interferon-γ were significantly increased in the CSD participants (p < 0.001). Additionally, emotional stress related hormones including cortisol, adrenaline, and serotonin were abnormally observed in the serum levels of the CSD group (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). Our results confirmed that oxidative stress and antioxidants are a critical contributor of pathophysiology of the CSD, and that is first explored to establish features of redox system in the CSD subjects compared to a healthy population.
Genome-wide SNP identification in Prunus rootstocks germplasm collections using Genotyping-by-Sequencing: phylogenetic analysis, distribution of SNPs and prediction of their effect on gene function
Authors: Guajardo Verónica , Solís Simón , Almada Rubén , Saski Christopher , Gasic Ksenija , Moreno María Ángeles 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGenotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) was applied in a set of 53 diploid Prunus rootstocks and five scion cultivars from three subgenera (Amygdalus, Prunus and Cerasus) for genome-wide SNP identification and to assess genetic diversity of both Chilean and Spanish germplasm collections. A group of 45,382 high quality SNPs (MAF >0.05; missing data <5%) were selected for analysis of this group of 58 accessions. These SNPs were distributed in genic and intergenic regions in the eight pseudomolecules of the peach genome (Peach v2.0), with an average of 53% located in exonic regions. The genetic diversity detected among the studied accessions divided them in three groups, which are in agreement with their current taxonomic classification. SNPs were classified based on their putative effect on annotated genes and KOG analysis was carried out to provide a deeper understanding of the function of 119 genes affected by high-impact SNPs. Results demonstrate the high utility for Prunus rootstocks identification and studies of diversity in Prunus species. Also, given the high number of SNPs identified in exonic regions, this strategy represents an important tool for finding candidate genes underlying traits of interest and potential functional markers for use in marker-assisted selection.
Promoting long-term inhibition of human fear responses by non-invasive transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation during extinction training
Authors: Szeska Christoph , Richter Jan , Wendt Julia , Weymar Mathias , Hamm Alfons O. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInhibiting fear-related thoughts and defensive behaviors when they are no longer appropriate to the situation is a prerequisite for flexible and adaptive responding to changing environments. Such inhibition of defensive systems is mediated by ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), limbic basolateral amygdala (BLA), and brain stem locus-coeruleus noradrenergic system (LC-NAs). Non-invasive, transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has shown to activate this circuit. Using a multiple-day single-cue fear conditioning and extinction paradigm, we investigated long-term effects of tVNS on inhibition of low-level amygdala modulated fear potentiated startle and cognitive risk assessments. We found that administration of tVNS during extinction training facilitated inhibition of fear potentiated startle responses and cognitive risk assessments, resulting in facilitated formation, consolidation and long-term recall of extinction memory, and prevention of the return of fear. These findings might indicate new ways to increase the efficacy of exposure-based treatments of anxiety disorders.
Sensorimotor Integration Can Enhance Auditory Perception
Authors: Myers John C. , Mock Jeffrey R. , Golob Edward J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhenever we move, speak, or play musical instruments, our actions generate auditory sensory input. The sensory consequences of our actions are thought to be predicted via sensorimotor integration, which involves anatomical and functional links between auditory and motor brain regions. The physiological connections are relatively well established, but less is known about how sensorimotor integration affects auditory perception. The sensory attenuation hypothesis suggests that the perceived loudness of self-generated sounds is attenuated to help distinguish self-generated sounds from ambient sounds. Sensory attenuation would work for louder ambient sounds, but could lead to less accurate perception if the ambient sounds were quieter. We hypothesize that a key function of sensorimotor integration is the facilitated processing of self-generated sounds, leading to more accurate perception under most conditions. The sensory attenuation hypothesis predicts better performance for higher but not lower intensity comparisons, whereas sensory facilitation predicts improved perception regardless of comparison sound intensity. A series of experiments tested these hypotheses, with results supporting the enhancement hypothesis. Overall, people were more accurate at comparing the loudness of two sounds when making one of the sounds themselves. We propose that the brain selectively modulates the perception of self-generated sounds to enhance representations of action consequences.
The Eupentacta fraudatrix transcriptome provides insights into regulation of cell transdifferentiation
Authors: Boyko Alexey V. , Girich Alexander S. , Tkacheva Ekaterina S. , Dolmatov Igor Yu. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix is a unique organism for studying regeneration mechanisms. Moreover, E. fraudatrix can quickly restore parts of its body and entire organ systems, yet at the moment, there is no data on the participation of stem cells in the process. To the contrary, it has been repeatedly confirmed that this process is only due to the transformation of terminally differentiated cells. In this study, we examine changes in gene expression during gut regeneration of the holothurian E. fraudatrix. Transcriptomes of intestinal anlage of the three stages of regeneration, as well as the normal gut, were sequenced with an Illumina sequencer (San Diego, CA, USA). We identified 14,617 sea urchin protein homologs, of which 308 were transcription factors. After analysing the dynamics of gene expression during regeneration and the map of biological processes in which they participate, we identified 11 factors: Ef-EGR1, Ef-ELF, Ef-GATA3, Ef-ID2, Ef-KLF1/2/4, Ef-MSC, Ef-PCGF2, Ef-PRDM9, Ef-SNAI2, Ef-TBX20, and Ef-TCF24. With the exception of TCF24, they are all involved in the regeneration, development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immune response in other animals. We suggest that these transcription factors may also be involved in the transdifferentiation of coelomic epithelial cells into enterocytes in holothurians.
Significant ground-level ozone attributed to lightning-induced nitrogen oxides during summertime over the Mountain West States
Authors: Kang Daiwen , Mathur Rohit , Pouliot George A. , Gilliam Robert C. , Wong David C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUsing lightning flash data from the National Lightning Detection Network with an updated lightning nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission estimation algorithm in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, we estimate the hourly variations in lightning NOxemissions for the summer of 2011 and simulate its impact on distributions of tropospheric ozone (O3) across the continental United States. We find that typical summer-time lightning activity across the U.S. Mountain West States (MWS) injects NOxemissions comparable to those from anthropogenic sources into the troposphere over the region. Comparison of two model simulation cases with and without lightning NOxemissions show that significant amount of ground-level O3in the MWS during the summer can be attributed to the lightning NOXemissions. The simulated surface-level O3from a model configuration incorporating lightning NOxemissions showed better agreement with the observed values than the model configuration without lightning NOxemissions. The time periods of significant reduction in bias in simulated O3between these two cases strongly correlate with the time periods when lightning activity occurred in the region. The inclusion of lightning NOxincreased daily maximum 8 h O3by up to 17 ppb and improved model performance relative to measured surface O3mixing ratios in the MWS region. Analysis of model results in conjunction with lidar measurements at Boulder, Colorado during July 2014 corroborated similar impacts of lightning NOxemissions on O3air quality. The magnitude of lightning NOxemissions estimated for other summers is comparable to the 2011 estimates suggesting that summertime surface-level O3levels in the MWS region could be significantly influenced by lightning NOx.
Atlantic Ocean influence on Middle East summer surface air temperature
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad Azhar , Nicolì Dario , Kucharski Fred , Almazroui Mansour , Tippett Michael K. , Bellucci Alessio , Ruggieri Paolo , Kang In-Sik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMiddle East surface air temperature (ME-SAT), during boreal summer (June to August: JJA), shows robust multidecadal variations for the period 1948−2016. Here, using observational and reanalysis datasets, as well as coupled atmosphere–ocean model simulations, we linked the observed summer ME-SAT variability to the multidecadal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Atlantic Ocean (AMV). This Atlantic−ME connection during summer involves ocean–atmosphere interactions through multiple ocean basins, with an influence from the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. The downstream response to Atlantic SST is a weakening of the subtropical westerly jet stream that impacts summer ME-SAT variability through a wave-like pattern in the upper tropospheric levels. The Atlantic SST response is further characterized by positive geopotential height anomalies in the upper levels over the Eurasian region and a dipole-like pressure distribution over the ME in lower levels. For positive Atlantic SST anomalies this pressure gradient initiates anomalous low-level southerly flow, which transports moisture from the neighboring water bodies toward the extremely hot and dry ME landmass. The increase in atmospheric moisture reduces the longwave radiation damping of the SAT anomaly, increasing further ME-SAT. A suite of Atlantic Pacemaker experiments skillfully reproduces the North Atlantic–ME teleconnection. Our findings reveal that in observations and models the Atlantic Ocean acts as a critical pacemaker for summer ME-SAT multidecadal variability and that a positive AMV can lead to enhanced summer warming over the Middle East.
Acetylbritannilactone attenuates contrast-induced acute kidney injury through its anti-pyroptosis effects
Authors: Chen Fei , Lu Jingchao , Yang Xiuchun , Xiao Bing , Chen Huiqiang , Pei Weina , Jin Yaqiong , Wang Mengxiao , Li Yue , Zhang Jie , Liu Fan , Gu Guoqiang , Cui Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a severe complication caused by intravascular applied radial contrast media (CM). Pyroptosis is a lytic type of cell death inherently associated with inflammation response and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines following caspase-1 activation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of acetylbritannilactone (ABL) on iopromide (IOP)-induced acute renal failure and reveal the underlying mechanism. In vivo and in vitro, IOP treatment caused renal damage and elevated the caspase-1 (+) propidium iodide (PI) (+) cell count, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and the relative expression of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and gasdermin D (GSDMD), suggesting that IOP induces AKI via the activation of pyroptosis. Furthermore, the pretreatment of ABL partly mitigated the CI-AKI, development of pyroptosis, and subsequent kidney inflammation. These data revealed that ABL partially prevents renal dysfunction and reduces pyroptosis in CI-AKI, which may provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of CM-induced AKI.
Effect of Duration and Onset of Clinical Signs on Short-Term Outcome of Dogs with Hansen Type I Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Extrusion
Authors: Upchurch David A. , Renberg Walter C. , Turner Hannah S. , McLellan Jiena G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine if either the rate of onset of clinical signs or duration from initial clinical signs to surgical decompression affected the overall quality or duration of recovery in dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion.
Study Design This was a retrospective case series of 131 client owned dogs. Medical records of dogs surgically treated with hemilaminectomy for intervertebral disc extrusion between January 2016 and December 2017 were reviewed for signalment, neurological grade at presentation, rate of onset and duration of clinical signs and surgical variables. These variables were analysed to determine their effect on return of pain sensation, urinary continence and ambulation.
Results Duration of clinical signs prior to surgery and rate of onset of signs did not correlate with return of pain sensation, urinary continence or ambulation. Preoperative neurological grade was the main variable that was found to be associated with outcome.
Conclusions Delay from initial clinical signs of intervertebral disc extrusion to surgery is unlikely to affect the ultimate outcome or the length of time for a dog to regain pain sensation, urinary continence or ambulation. The rate of onset of signs likewise does not influence these outcomes.
Application of Three-Dimensional Printed Vascular Modeling as a Perioperative Guide to Perforator Mapping and Pedicle Dissection during Abdominal Flap Harvest for Breast Reconstruction
Authors: DeFazio Michael V. , Arribas Elsa M. , Ahmad Faisal I. , Le-Petross Huong T. , Liu Jun , Chu Carrie K. , Santiago Lumarie , Clemens Mark W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Advancements in three-dimensional (3D) printing have enabled production of patient-specific guides to aid perforator mapping and pedicle dissection during abdominal flap harvest. We present our early experience using this tool to navigate deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) topography and evaluate its impact on operative efficiency and clinical outcomes.
Patients and Methods Between January 2013 and December 2018, a total of 50 women underwent computed tomographic angiography (CTA)-guided perforator mapping prior to abdominal flap breast reconstruction, with (n = 9) and without (n = 41) 3D-printed vascular modeling (3DVM). Models were assessed for their accuracy in identifying perforator location and source-vessel anatomy, as determined by operative findings from 18 hemi-abdomens. The margin of error (MOE) for perforator localization using 3DVM was calculated and compared with CTA-derived measurements for the same patients. Flap harvest times, outcomes, and complications for patients who were preoperatively mapped using 3DVM versus CTA alone were analyzed.
Results Overall, complete concordance was observed between 3DVM and operative findings with regards to perforator number, source-vessel origin, and DIEA branching pattern. By comparison, CTA interpretation of these parameters inaccurately identified branching pattern and perforator source-vessel origin in 28 and 33% of hemi-abdomens, respectively (p = 0.045 and p = 0.02). Compared with operative measurements, the average MOE for perforator localization using 3DVM was significantly lower than that obtained from CTA alone (0.81 vs. 8.71 mm, p < 0.0001). Reference of 3D-printed models, intraoperatively, was associated with a mean reduction in flap harvest time by 21 minutes (60.7 vs. 81.7 minutes, p < 0.001). Although not statistically significant, rates of perforator-level injury, microvascular insufficiency, and fat necrosis were lower among patients mapped using 3DVM.
Conclusion The results of this study support the accuracy of 3DVM for identifying DIEA topography and perforator location. Application of this technology may translate to enhanced operative efficiency and fewer perfusion-related complications for patients undergoing abdominal free flap breast reconstruction.