bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of carbon dioxide to the skin and muscle oxygenation of human lower-limb muscle sites during cold water immersion
Authors: Yoshimura Miho , Hojo Tatsuya , Yamamoto Hayato , Tachibana Misato , Nakamura Masatoshi , Tsutsumi Hiroaki , Fukuoka Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2020

Background
Cold therapy has the disadvantage of inducing vasoconstriction in arterial and venous capillaries. The effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) hot water depend mainly on not only cutaneous vasodilation but also muscle vasodilation. We examined the effects of artificial CO2 cold water immersion (CCWI) on skin oxygenation and muscle oxygenation and the immersed skin temperature.

Subjects and Methods
Fifteen healthy young males participated. CO2-rich water containing CO2 >1,150 ppm was prepared using a micro-bubble device. Each subject’s single leg was immersed up to the knee in the CO2-rich water (20 °C) for 15 min, followed by a 20-min recovery period. As a control study, a leg of the subject was immersed in cold tap-water at 20 °C (CWI). The skin temperature at the lower leg under water immersion (Tsk-WI) and the subject’s thermal sensation at the immersed and non-immersed lower legs were measured throughout the experiment. We simultaneously measured the relative changes of local muscle oxygenation/deoxygenation compared to the basal values (Δoxy[Hb+Mb], Δdeoxy[Hb+Mb], and Δtotal[Hb+Mb]) at rest, which reflected the blood flow in the muscle, and we measured the tissue O2 saturation (StO2) by near-infrared spectroscopy on two regions of the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscles.

Results
Compared to the CWI results, the Δoxy[Hb+Mb] and Δtotal[Hb+Mb] in the TA muscle at CCWI were increased and continued at a steady state during the recovery period. In GAS muscle, the Δtotal[Hb+Mb] and Δdeoxy[Hb+Mb] were increased during CCWI compared to CWI. Notably, StO2values in both TA and GAS muscles were significantly increased during CCWI compared to CWI. In addition, compared to the CWI, a significant decrease in Tsk at the immersed leg after the CCWI was maintained until the end of the 20-min recovery, and the significant reduction continued.

Discussion
The combination of CO2 and cold water can induce both more increased blood inflow into muscles and volume-related (total heme concentration) changes in deoxy[Hb+Mb] during the recovery period. The Tsk-WI stayed lower with the CCWI compared to the CWI, as it is associated with vasodilation by CO2.
The Role of Sensor Based Insole as a Rehabilitation Tool in Improving Walking among the Patients with Lower Limb Arthroplasty: A Protocol for Systematic Review
Authors: Raghav Sumit , Singh Anshika , Mani Suresh , Kandasamy Gokulakannan , Anand Amber 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this review protocol is to assess the role of sensor based insole in improving walking in patients with lower limb arthroplasty and to rule out the demand and advantage of sensor based insole in utilizing such types of problems at clinical setup.
Methodology: A systematic review will be conducted by two independent reviewers who will search articles using electronic search for publications in seven databases: Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, JSTOR, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. After applying the selection criteria, study papers published between the years 2001 to 2019 will be selected. Studies of human participants of 45-75 years of age having history of lower limb arthroplasty will be eligible. All the study papers will be analyzed using Modified Downs and Black scale and scores will be awarded for the items selected on a 27 point scale.
Findings: The findings of this review will be disseminated through presentations and peer-reviewed publication. The systematic review will direct the attention of the physiotherapists to assess and evaluate the patient’s walking pattern, as alterations in the biomechanics of joints of lower limb can produce far-reaching effects in the ideal or normal gait. The results of this review will provide evidence regarding changes in gait parameters in patients with lower limb arthroplasty and this information will be useful in planning for rehabilitation in improving walking of patients after lower limb arthroplasty.
Novelty: Many studies have been carried on sensor insole technology for monitoring gait. However, there is scarcity of literature based on the systematic reviews on the use of smart sensor insole in improving walking among patients with lower limb arthroplasty.
Evaluation of the Correlation between Biofilm Formation and Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Celik Berrin 
Published: August 2020

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine correlation between biofilm formation and drug resistance in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.
Study Design: Bacteriological study.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Microbiology of BilecikSeyhEdebali University, in Turkey, between April 2019 and November 2019.
Methodology: Antibiotic susceptibility of the strains were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method in accordance with the principles of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Biofilm presence in A. baumanniiwas identified by the quantitative method. the isolates were incubated in nutrient agar and was prepared from fresh cultures in tubes containing glucose-Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. The A. baumannii(ATCC 19606) type strain was used for comparisons.
Results: In this study was determined the relationship between the biofilm production capacity of the A. baumanniibacteria and its antimicrobial resistance. According to the results obtained from our study, the highest resistance rate (%) was found ceftazidime and piperacillin (95 %) while the highest sensitivity was found colistin (96.6 %) and tigecycline (86.6 %) of the total 60 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. In addition, the presence of biofilm in the bacteria was defined by quantitative method using microplate. In this study, biofilm was positive in 54 (90 %) isolates and it has been found 51 (85%) of the biofilm positive isolates to be resistant to piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and meropenem.
Conclusion: As a result, there is a positive relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in thesebacteria.
The Role of Nano-SiC on Microstructure and Tribo-logical Properties of SiC/Cu Nano-Composite
Authors: Metwally M. A. , Sadawy M. M. , Ghanem M. , Batanony I. G. El- 
Published: August 2020

The present study has investigated the role of nano-SiC on microstructure and tribological properties of SiC/Cu nano-composite. The nano-composite powders have been cold compacted under a constant pressure of 480 MPa and sintered at 8600 C under argon gas for 2 h. SEM-EDS and XRD diffraction were performed for microstructure examinations. Pin-on-disk experiments were carried out under wet conditions (3.5 wt. % NaCl solution). All samples have been investigated against abrasives of different sizes (from 7, 13, 20 and 26 µm), at different applied loads (10, 15, 20 and 25 N), and sliding speed (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 m/s). The results revealed that the grain structure of the copper matrix was reduced with increasing SiC nano-particles. Furthermore, it was found that the wet wear resistance was improved as a function of nano-SiC content.
A cautionary tale of pyridoxine toxicity in cystathionine beta‐synthase deficiency detected by two‐tier newborn screening highlights the need for clear pyridoxine dosing guidelines
Authors: Ames Elizabeth G. , Scott Anthony J. , Pappas Kara B. , Moloney Shawn M. , Conway Robert L. , Ahmad Ayesha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClassic homocystinuria is due to deficiency of cystathionine beta‐synthase (CBS), a pyridoxine‐dependent enzyme that, depending on the molecular variants, may be co‐factor responsive. Elevated methionine is often used as the primary analyte to detect CBS deficiency (CBSD) on newborn screening (NBS), but is limited by increased detection of other biochemical disorders with less clear clinical significance such as methionine aminotransferase (MAT) I/III heterozygotes. Our state has implemented a two‐tier NBS algorithm for CBSD that successfully reduced the number of MATI/III heterozygotes, yet effectively detected a mild, co‐factor responsive form of CBSD. After initial diagnosis, newborns with CBSD often undergo a pyridoxine challenge with high‐dose pyridoxine to determine responsiveness. Here we describe our NBS‐identified patient with a mild form of pyridoxine responsive CBSD who developed respiratory failure and rhabdomyolysis consistent with pyridoxine toxicity during a pyridoxine challenge. This case highlights the need for weight‐based dosing and duration recommendations for pyridoxine challenge in neonates.
Detection of MEAF6‐PHF1 translocation in an endometrial stromal nodule
Authors: Nomura Yusuke , Tamura Daisuke , Horie Masafumi , Sato Masakazu , Sasaki Shinya , Yamamoto Yohei , Kudo‐Asabe Yukitsugu , Umakoshi Michinobu , Koyama Kei , Makino Kenichi , Takashima Shinogu , Imai Kazuhiro , Minamiya Yoshihiro , Munakata Satoru , Yachida Shinichi , Terada Yukihiro , Goto Akiteru , Maeda Daichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEndometrial stromal nodule (ESN) and low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG‐ESS) are rare uterine tumors known as endometrial stromal tumors (ESTs). In addition to their similarity in morphological features, recent studies have shown that these two tumors share common genetic alterations. In particular, JAZF1‐SUZ12 fusion is found with high frequency in both ESN and LG‐ESS. In LG‐ESS, some minor fusions have also been described, which include rearrangements involving PHF1 and its partner genes, such as JAZF1, EPC1, MEAF6, BRD8, EPC2, and MBTD1. Because of the rarity of ESN, genetic alterations other than JAZF1 fusion have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we performed a next‐generation sequencing‐based analysis in a case of ESN with peripheral metaplastic bone formation and detected MEAF6‐PHF1 fusion, which has been reported in a small subset of uterine LG‐ESSs and soft tissue ossifying fibromyxoid tumors. The finding that MEAF6‐PHF1 fusion is a background genetic abnormality detected both in ESN and LG‐ESS, along with JAZF1‐SUZ12, provides further support for the similarity and continuum between these two types of ESTs. Furthermore, the association between metaplastic bone formation and MEAF6‐PHF1 fusion may not be limited to soft tissue tumors.
A firm level analysis of asymmetric response of U.S. stock returns to exchange rate movements
Authors: Salisu Afees A. , Isah Kazeem , Ogbonnaya‐Orji Nnenna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe extant studies on stock returns–exchange rate nexus have been suspected of aggregation bias, we therefore resolve to revisit the nexus using firm‐level data while also accounting for asymmetry. We utilize stock price data covering 326 firms listed in S&P500 index and organized into 11 sectors. We examine the probable asymmetric response of these firms to exchange rate movements using the nonlinear panel ARDL method which simultaneously accounts for any inherent asymmetry and heterogeneity effects and suitable for large N and Large T panels. We establish that asymmetry exists in the stock returns–exchange rate nexus predominantly in the short run. We further show that exchange rate appreciation (depreciation) produces primarily positive (negative) effects on stock returns. We also find that the positive impacts overwhelm the negative impacts in magnitude and statistical significance. Thus, returns on investment in U.S. stocks differ significantly between currency appreciation and depreciation and by implication investors seeking to maximize returns need to exercise some level caution when confronted with sharp swings in exchange rate particularly during turbulent periods. While the results are robust to data frequency and to an extent, the choice of foreign currency, they are sensitive to different market conditions.
Formal synthesis of schulzeines B and C: A new route to Gurjar's lactams
Authors: Chou Chu‐En , Chen Yi‐An , Lin Yi‐Ching , Kao Shih‐Chieh , Chang Chieh‐Yu , Wu Yen‐Ku 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDescribed is a formal synthesis of racemic schulzeines B and C that intercepts intermediates developed by Gurjar and co‐workers. The synthetic sequence features an annulative coupling of a ketimine and acrylic acid enabling the construction of the benzoquinolizidine nucleus in a highly convergent manner. We also examined a continuous‐flow version of the thermal aza‐annulation, which proved less practical as compared to the batch processes.
A well‐tolerated core needle muscle biopsy process suitable for children and adults
Authors: Barthelemy Florian , Woods Jeremy D. , Nieves‐Rodriguez Shirley , Douine Emilie D. , Wang Richard , Wanagat Jonathan , Miceli M. Carrie , Nelson Stanley F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSerial muscle biopsies within clinical trials for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are critical to document therapeutic responses. Less invasive means of sampling muscle are needed. We analyzed a retrospective consecutive case‐series cohort of vacuum‐assisted core needle muscle biopsy procedures performed on healthy and dystrophic individuals at a single institution assessing for safety and reliability of obtaining sufficient high‐quality biopsy tissue for histologic assessment in adult and pediatric subjects. Of 471 muscle cores from 128 biopsy procedures, 377‐550 mg of total muscle tissue was obtained per procedure with mean core weight of 129 mg (SD, 25.1 mg). All biopsies were adequate for histological assessment. There were no significant adverse events. This core needle biopsy approach, when combined with improved sample processing, provides a safe means to consistently obtain muscle samples for diagnostic and clinical trial applications.
Optimal boundary control problem for ill‐posed elliptic equation in domains with rugous boundary. Existence result and optimality conditions
Authors: D'Apice Ciro , De Maio Umberto , Kogut Peter I. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe main purpose is the study of optimal control problem in a domain with rough boundary for the mixed Dirichlet‐Neumann boundary value problem for the strongly nonlinear elliptic equation with exponential nonlinearity. A density of surface traction u acting on a part of rough boundary is taken as a control. The optimal control problem is to minimize the discrepancy between a given distribution and the current system state. We deal with such case of nonlinearity when we cannot expect to have a solution of the state equation for a given control. After having defined a suitable functional class in which we look for solutions, we prove the consistency of the original optimal control problem and show that it admits a unique optimal solution. Then we derive a first‐order optimality system assuming the optimal solution is slightly more regular.
Effects of ignition position on explosion of premixed propane‐air in a T‐type pipe
Authors: Zhou Ning , Yu Qiaoyan , Chen Bing , Li Xue , Zong Yongdi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIgnition position has an important influence on gas explosion, but few researches have been done on the ignition position in T‐type pipe. In this paper, an experimental and numerical study of horizontal and vertical ignition positions in a T‐type pipe has been presented. Results show that the ignition position has a great influence on the flame propagation velocity, flame structure and explosion pressure. In the case of vertical ignition, the maximum pressure appears near the T‐type bifurcation, and there is an obvious stress concentration on the upper side wall of the bifurcation. In the case of horizontal ignition, the maximum pressure appears at the right end of the pipe, and a weak stress concentration occurring at the splitting point. When flame passing through the bifurcation, it takes 12 ms longer than ignition on horizontal, but the time for flame propagates from ignition to the end is less. The “tulip flame” forms three times after flame propagates the bifurcation when ignition on horizontal, but there is no “tulip flame” while ignition on vertical. In the case of vertical ignition, the scale of the vortex at the bifurcation is larger than that in the horizontal. The turbulent kinetic energy is mainly in the horizontal section when ignition on vertical, while it is mainly in the vertical pipe if ignition on horizontal.
Effects of N‐Acetylcysteine on the reproductive performance, oxidative stress and RNA sequencing of Nubian goats
Authors: Luo Jinhong , Ao Zheng , Duan Zhiqiang , Ao Ye , Wei Shinan , Chen Wei , Chen Xiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractN‐acetylcysteine (NAC) has been found to enhance the protective ability of cells to counter balance oxidative stress and inflammation. To investigate the effects of dietary NAC supplementation on the reproductive performance of goats, the reproductive performance and endometrial transcriptome of goats fed with diets with NAC (NAC group) and without NAC supplementation (control group) were compared. Results showed that the goats fed with 0.03% and 0.05% NAC had similar litter size, birth weight, nitric oxide (NO), sex hormones and amino acids levels compared with the goats of the control group. However, feeding with 0.07% NAC supplementation from day 0 to day 30 of gestation remarkably increased the litter size of goats. The goats of the 0.07% NAC group presented increased levels of NO relative to the control group, but their sex hormones and amino acids showed no differences. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 207 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the endometrium between the control and the 0.07% NAC groups. These DEGs included 146 upregulated genes and 61 downregulated genes in the 0.07% NAC group. They were primarily involved in the cellular response to toxic substances, oxidoreductase activity, immune receptor activity, signalling receptor binding, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway and PPAR signalling pathway. In conclusion, results showed that dietary 0.07% NAC supplementation exerted a beneficial effect on the survival of goat embryos at the early pregnancy stage. Such positive outcome might be due to the increased NO production and affected expression of genes involved in the anti‐inflammation pathways of the endometrium.
D-instanton perturbation theory
Authors: Sen Ashoke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
D-instanton world-volume theory has open string zero modes describing collective coordinates of the instanton. The usual perturbative amplitudes in the D-instanton background suffer from infra-red divergences due to the presence of these zero modes, and the usual approach of analytic continuation in momenta does not work since all open string states on a D-instanton carry strictly zero momentum. String field theory is well-suited for tackling these issues. However we find a new subtlety due to the existence of additional zero modes in the ghost sector. This causes a breakdown of the Siegel gauge, but a different gauge fixing consistent with the BV formalism renders the perturbation theory finite and unambiguous. At each order, this produces extra contribution to the amplitude besides what is obtained from integration over the moduli space of Riemann surfaces.
Polymorphisms within the RANK and RANKL Encoding Genes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Association with Disease Progression and Effectiveness of the Biological Treatment
Authors: Wielińska Joanna , Kolossa Katarzyna , Świerkot Jerzy , Dratwa Marta , Iwaszko Milena , Bugaj Bartosz , Wysoczańska Barbara , Chaszczewska-Markowska Monika , Jeka Sławomir , Bogunia-Kubik Katarzyna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInconsistency of the results regarding the genetic variability within genes coding for receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) and its ligand (RANKL) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prompted us to study the RANK and RANKL polymorphisms as potential biomarkers associated with disease predisposition and response to anti-TNF treatment in a group of Polish patients with RA. This study enrolled 318 RA patients and 163 controls. RANK (rs8086340, C > G; rs1805034, C > T) and RANKL (rs7325635, G > A; rs7988338 G > A) alleles were determined by real-time PCR with melting curve analysis and related with clinical parameters. In addition, RANKL serum levels were measured by ELISA. The RANK rs8086340-G allele was overrepresented among patients as compared to controls (OD = 1.777, p = 0.038). C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with RANK rs8086340 polymorphism and were higher in the CC-homozygotes at the baseline while lower in the GG-carriers at the 12th week of the treatment. At the latter time point RANKL rs7325635-GG-positive patients also showed significantly lower CRP concentrations. Higher alkaline phosphatase levels before induction of anti-TNF therapy were observed in RANK rs8086340 and RANK rs1805034 CC homozygotes (p = 0.057 and p = 0.035, respectively). The GG homozygosity of both RANKL single nucleotide polymorphisms was significantly associated with the number of swollen joints (rs7988338 and rs7325635, before and at the 12th week of therapy, respectively, p < 0.05 in both cases). These results imply that polymorphisms within the RANK and RANKL genes affect RA susceptibility and anti-TNF treatment outcome.
Beeinträchtigung der Blutversorgung durch Cerclagen: Mythos oder Realität?
Authors: Förch Stefan , Sandriesser Sabrina , Fenwick Annabel , Mayr Edgar 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Die Verwendung von Cerclagen zur Osteosynthese ist ein kontrovers diskutiertes Thema. Als Gegenargument gelten negative Effekte auf die periostale Blutzirkulation. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll die vorhandene Evidenz geprüft werden, ob Cerclagen tatsächlich zu einer relevanten Reduktion der periostalen Durchblutung führen.

Methodik
In einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurde nach experimentellen Studien gesucht, die sich mit dem Einfluss von Cerclagen auf die periostale Blutversorgung befassen.

Ergebnis
Es existiert keine experimentelle Studie, die die Auswirkung von Cerclagen auf die Durchblutung von frakturierten Knochen untersucht. Es konnten 7 experimentelle Arbeiten identifiziert werden. Hierunter befanden sich 2 Arbeiten an menschlichen Kadaver-Femora, die keine relevante Reduktion der Blutversorgung zeigten. Die übrigen 5 Untersuchungen wurden im Tiermodell an lebenden Versuchstieren durchgeführt. Hier wies eine Studie an Kaninchen-Femora szintigraphisch eine postoperativ um 45–56 % reduzierte Perfusion nach. Eine Studie an Pferde-Radii sowie drei Studien an Hunde Femura ergaben hingegen mikroangiographisch keine relevante Einschränkung der Blutversorgung. Eine Studie wurde hierbei am osteotomierten, die anderen an unverletzten Knochen durchgeführt.

Diskussion
Im Tiermodell konnte lediglich in einer Studie direkt postoperativ eine relevante Reduktion der Blutversorgung durch Cerclagen belegt werden. In 4 anderen Untersuchungen am Tiermodell über längere postoperative Zeiträume zeigte sich die Durchblutung der Knochen hingegen nicht beeinträchtigt. Auch in 2 Versuchsreihen an menschlichen Kadaver-Femora ließen sich keine relevanten negativen Effekte nachweisen.
Zumindest in mittel- bis langfristigem Verlauf lässt sich somit die Befürchtung einer relevanten Beeinträchtigung der Blutversorgung durch Cerclagen für unverletzte oder osteotomierte Knochen nicht durch experimentelle Studien belegen. Zu frakturierten Knochen existieren keine experimentellen Studien.