bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Genetics of circulating variants affecting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike / human ACE2 complex
Authors: Ortuso Francesco , Mercatelli Daniele , Guzzi Pietro Hiram , Giorgi Federico Manuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 entry in human cells is mediated by the interaction between the viral Spike protein and the human ACE2 receptor. This mechanism evolved from the ancestor bat coronavirus and is currently one of the main targets for antiviral strategies. However, there currently exist several Spike protein variants in the SARS-CoV-2 population as the result of mutations, and it is unclear if these variants may exert a specific effect on the affinity with ACE2 which, in turn, is also characterized by multiple alleles in the human population. In the current study, the GBPM analysis, originally developed for highlighting host-guest interaction features, has been applied to define the key amino acids responsible for the Spike/ACE2 molecular recognition, using four different crystallographic structures. Then, we intersected these structural results with the current mutational status, based on more than 295,000 sequenced cases, in the SARS-CoV-2 population. We identified several Spike mutations interacting with ACE2 and mutated in at least 20 distinct patients: S477N, N439K, N501Y, Y453F, E484K, K417N, S477I and G476S. Among these, mutation N501Y in particular is one of the events characterizing SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7, which has recently risen in frequency in Europe. We also identified five ACE2 rare variants that may affect interaction with Spike and susceptibility to infection: S19P, E37K, M82I, E329G and G352V.Significance StatementWe developed a method to identify key amino acids responsible for the initial interaction between SARS-CoV-2 (the COVID-19 virus) and human cells, through the analysis of Spike/ACE2 complexes. We further identified which of these amino acids show variants in the viral and human populations. Our results will facilitate scientists and clinicians alike in identifying the possible role of present and future Spike and ACE2 sequence variants in cell entry and general susceptibility to infection.
Determinants of Water Source Use, Quality of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Perceptions among Urban Households in North-West Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gebremichael Shewayiref Geremew , Yismaw Emebet , Dejen Belete , Dires Adeladilew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundClean water is an essential element for human health, wellbeing, and prosperity. Every human being has the right to access safe drinking water. But, in now day, due to rapid population growth, illiteracy, lack of sustainable development, and climate change; it still faces a global challenge for about one billion people in the developing nation. The discontinuity of drinking water supply puts in force households either to use unsafe water storage materials or to use water from unimproved sources. This study aimed to identify the determinants of water source types, use, quality of water, and sanitation perception of physical parameters among urban households in North-West Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among households from February to March 2019. An interview-based pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data collection samples were selected randomly and proportional to each kebeles’ households. MS Excel and R Version 3.6.2 was used to enter and analyze the data; respectively. Descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages were used to explain the sample data concerning the predictor variable. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association between the independent and the response variables.ResultsFour hundred eighteen (418) households have participated. Based on the study undertaken, 78.95% of households used improved and 21.05% of households used unimproved drinking water sources. Households drinking water sources are significantly associated with age of participant (x2= 20.392, df=3), educational status (x2= 19.358, df=4), source of income (x2= 21.777, df=3), monthly income (x2= 13.322, df=3), availability of additional facilities (x2= 98.144, df=7), cleanness status (x2=42.979, df=4), scarcity of water (x2= 5.1388, df=1) and family size (x2= 9.934, df=2). The logistic regression analysis also indicated as those factors are significantly determined (p 0.05) the water source types used by households. Factors such as availability of toilet facility, household member type, and sex of head of the household are not significantly associated with the drinking water sources.ConclusionThe study showed that being an older age group of the head of the household, being government employer, merchant and self-employed, being a higher income group, the presence of all facilities in the area, lived in a clean surrounding and lower family size are the determinant factors of using drinking water from improved sources. Therefore; the local, regional, and national governments and other supporting organizations shall improve the accessibility and adequacy of drinking water from improved sources through short and long time plans for the well-being of the community in the area.
Steric-Free Bioorthogonal Labeling of Acetylation Substrates Based on a Fluorine-Thiol Displacement Reaction (FTDR)
Authors: Lyu Zhigang , Zhao Yue , Buuh Zakey Yusuf , Gorman Nicole , Goldman Aaron R. , Islam Md Shafiqul , Tang Hsin-Yao , Wang Rongsheng E. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWe have developed a novel bioorthogonal reaction that can selectively displace fluorine substitutions alpha to amide bonds. This fluorine-thiol displacement reaction (FTDR) allows for fluorinated cofactors or precursors to be utilized as chemical reporters; hijacking acetyltransferase mediated acetylation both in vitro and in live cells, which cannot be achieved with azide- or al- kyne- based chemical reporters. The fluoroacetamide labels can be further converted to biotin or fluorophore tags using FTDR, enabling the general detection and imaging of acetyl substrates. This strategy may lead to a steric-free labeling platform for substrate proteins, expanding our chemical toolbox for functional annotation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in a systematic manner.
The future of integrated reporting in an emerging market: an analysis of the disclosure conformity level
Authors: Adhariani Desi , Sciulli Nick 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study provides an analysis of the possibility of companies in Indonesia to adopt integrated reporting (IR). This is undertaken by comparing the degree of conformity between current reporting disclosures with that of the IR framework.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-method approach is employed, which entailed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques to access data. For the quantitative analysis, a total of 64 companies are chosen, which represent companies with significant market capitalization included in the LQ45 index (an index for the 45 most liquid stocks) in 2016 and the non-LQ45 by publishing a sustainability report. These companies are selected on the basis of high levels of disclosure compared with other companies and serve as an appropriate benchmark for other listed companies. The level of disclosure conformity is employed using 39 principle disclosure indices and 76 content disclosure indices based on the IR framework. For the qualitative analysis, interviews were conducted with nine interviewees that are considered as experts in the field of IR. The interviews are conducted to assist in providing explanations for the findings.FindingsThe results indicate that approximately 60% of companies (mostly in the banking, finance and mining industries) have an adequate degree of conformity, reflecting their higher probability of voluntary compliance to apply the IR framework. However, the principles of conciseness and connectivity of information provide significant challenges for Indonesian firms when they will consider implementation. Further analysis using in-depth interviews with experts showed that several factors from various perspectives should be considered in shifting to IR.Originality/valueThis study provides empirical evidence on the current reporting landscape of Indonesian firms. Scant research is available on the possible adoption of IR in emerging markets such as Indonesia. Hence, this project raises further possible explanations for the challenges and pressures faced by Indonesian firms in an era of changing stakeholder expectations.
Work-based learning tools to inform the implementation of degree apprenticeships for the public sector in England
Authors: Garnett Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe article identifies and examines key elements of a work-based learning framework to consider their use as part of the higher education response to the apprenticeship agenda for the public sector in England.Design/methodology/approachThis article draws upon work-based learning academic literature and the authors 28 years’ experience of the development and implementation of work-based learning at higher education level in the UK and internationally.FindingsThe article suggests that while the experience of work-based learning at higher education level appears to offer many ready-made tools and approaches for the development and delivery of higher and degree apprenticeships, these should not be adopted uncritically and in some cases may require significant repurposing.Research limitations/implicationsThis article is intended to inform practitioners developing degree apprenticeships. Given the degree apprenticeship is still at a relatively early stage in its implementation, this has limited the extent to which it has been possible to review entire degree implementation to the point of participant graduation.Practical implicationsThe article draws upon real-life implementation of innovative curriculum design and is of direct practical relevance to the design and operation of work-based learning for degree apprenticeships.Social implicationsDegree apprenticeships have the potential to increase productivity and enhance social mobility. Effective design and implementation of degree apprenticeships in the public sector has the potential to make a significant impact on the quality of public services.Originality/valueThe article provides an informed and sustained examination of how degree apprenticeships, especially those designed for public sector employees, might build upon previous higher education experience in work-based learning.
Expected benefits of people interactions and guest experiences
Authors: Chen Ya-Ling , Chen Joseph , Liu Wan-Yu , Sharma Tanmay 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis research aims to grasp hotel guests' motives and potential benefits sought when interacting with other guests, service personnel and residents and examines how these benefits can contribute to the total guest experience.Design/methodology/approachMixed methods are adopted for the purpose of this study comprising individual interviews and a questionnaire survey.FindingsFive groups of advantages emerge from individual interviews, including friendliness in interaction, social benefits, information acquisition, curiosity gratification and hospitality services. In the survey, which gathers 326 questionnaires, this study reveals that the five types of benefits derived from hotel guests' interactions could be further categorized into two dimensions: civility (e.g. friendliness and social) and utility (e.g. information, curiosity and service). The study confirms that four out of five potential or expected benefits from this personal interaction is significantly associated with the total hotel experience.Research limitations/implicationsRespondents of this study are culturally homogenous; as a result, multi-cultural settings should be considered for future research.Originality/valueTourism and hospitality literature on people's interaction is mostly center around social aspects of interaction. The current study comprehensively explores all expected utilities of interaction, occurring in all sorts of interactions (e.g. customer-to-resident and customer-to-service personnel). Specifically, the findings of this study uncover the underlying factors which prompt the tourists to interact with other people in a lodging setting and examine the relative importance of those underlying factors to the total lodging experiences.
Seeing destinations through vlogs: implications for leveraging customer engagement behavior to increase travel intention
Authors: Cheng Yusi , Wei Wei , Zhang Lu 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This study aims to understand customers’ watching experience with travel vlogs and its impacts on one of the most prominent manifestations of customer engagement behaviors (CEBs) – word-of-mouth (WOM) – and their travel intention. Drawing upon the theory of resonance, this study incorporated both cognitive and emotional aspects of travel vlog watching experience.

Design/methodology/approach
Online survey data were collected from 352 participants who have watched travel vlogs over the past 12 months. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed for hypotheses testing.

Findings
The study results reveal positive impacts of source credibility, inspiration, escapism and self-congruence on WOM, which further leads to travel intention. While source credibility is the strongest predictor of WOM, more factors representing the emotional resonance turn out to be the driving factors of WOM.

Research limitations/implications
This study pinpoints the value of investigating audiences’ vlogs watching experience from a CEB perspective within the tourism setting. Future research is encouraged to explore more types of CEBs in the intersection of social media consumption and travel behaviors.

Practical implications
Travel vloggers need to convey their intrinsic passion and enthusiasm to create an emotional connection with the audiences. Hospitality and tourism marketers are recommended to promote products and services by incentivizing audiences to engage with the travel vlogs.

Originality/value
No prior research integrated vlogs watching experiences, engagement behavior and future travel intention in a tourism setting. This study fills this gap and contributes to the literature on customer engagement, media consumption and marketing.
Corporate environmental accountability in Nigeria: an example of regulatory failure and regulatory capture
Authors: Noah Abdurafiu Olaiya , Adhikari Pawan , Ogundele Babafemi O. , Yazdifar Hassan 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how state regulations become ineffective in holding corporations accountable for environmental degradation in an emerging economy context, with a specific focus on oil and gas and cement industry in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on capture theory to bring out the factors that have rendered redundant the state intervention to make corporations accountable for their environmental activities. The research setting is the oil and gas and cement industry in Nigeria. Data for the study are derived from both documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews and analysed using a thematic technique.FindingsThe findings of the paper demonstrate a regulatory failure to hold corporations to account for their environmental activities. A lack of political will, outdated regulations and the manipulation of the regulators, all have played a part in preventing corporations from being accountable for their activities. In addition, the widespread elite corruption in the country has provided corporations with leeway to manipulate their environmental accountability practices. The study emphasises the need for continuous review of the regulations and efforts to reduce corruption in order to promote corporations' environmental accountability in Nigeria.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited to Nigeria, oil and gas and cement industries. The theoretical lens can be used to address problem of capture of the regulations and institution in the country.Practical implicationsThe practical implication is that it would enhance environmental regulations in Nigeria and emerging economies. It will also provide support from researchers emerging markets on the adoption of capture theory in future research.Social implicationsIt will promote corporate best environmental practices in the country. It will reduce the issues surrounding environmental accountability practices and create awareness on environmental issues among the populace. It will create the impression that corporations will be held accountable for their environmental activities in the country and the need to have improved environmental regulations in the country.Originality/valueThe study adds to the debate on corporate environmental accountability practices engendering insights from the Nigerian oil and gas and cement industry. The paper demonstrates how companies in emerging economies can capture state regulations and how rendering environmental accountability becomes more of rhetoric than a reality with little impacts on the welfare of people and society.
Two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with high‐risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Zennami Kenji , Sumitomo Makoto , Takahara Kiyoshi , Nukaya Takuhisa , Takenaka Masashi , Fukaya Kosuke , Ichino Manabu , Fukami Naohiko , Sasaki Hitomi , Kusaka Mamoru , Shiroki Ryoichi 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients who underwent nephroureterectomy for high‐risk cN0M0 upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), and to evaluate the efficacy of NAC in patients with localised disease (≤cT2).Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed patients with high‐risk cN0M0 UTUC who received NAC followed by surgery, compared with a matched cohort who underwent initial surgery at Fujita Health University during 2005–2019. Baseline and tumour characteristics, overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were compared between the cohorts. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of survival.ResultsThere were 117 and 67 patients in the study group and the control group, respectively. Significantly higher pathological downstaging (pDS) and lower lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were observed in the study group than in the control group (48% vs 22%, P = 0.008 and 29% vs 46%, P = 0.045, respectively). The NAC group had significantly better 5‐year OS (79% vs 53%, P = 0.003), 5‐year CSS (84% vs 66%, P = 0.008), and 5‐year RFS (80% vs 61%, P = 0.001) than the control group. The OS benefit of NAC was observed even in patients with localised (≤cT2) disease (P = 0.019). Patients with LVI showed significantly worse CSS both in pathologically locally advanced (≥pT3) and in localised (≤pT2) tumours (P = 0.048 and P = 0.018, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified LVI, NAC, and pDS as independent predictors of OS. Male sex and post‐NAC LVI were identified as predictors of worse survival in patients who underwent NAC.ConclusionsTwo cycles of NAC improved the survival of patients with high‐risk UTUC, even in patients with localised disease. Although two cycles of NAC appear to be effective in cN0M0 high‐risk UTUC including localised disease, additional larger sample size multicentre prospective studies comparing short‐course NAC regimens followed by surgery and surgery alone are required.
A dictionary for translation from natural to formal data model language
Authors: Šuman Sabrina , Jakupović Alen , Marinac Mladen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper describes our current research activities and results related to developing knowledge‐based systems to support the creation of entity‐relationship (ER) models. The authors based obtaining an ER model in textual form on translation from one language into another, that is, from an English controlled natural language into the formalized language of an ER data model. Our translation method consisted of creating translation rules of sentential form parts into ER model constructs based on the textual and character patterns detected in the business descriptions. To enable the computer analyses necessary for creating translation mechanisms, we created a linguistic corpus that contains lists of the business descriptions and the texts of other business materials. From the corpus, we then created a specific dictionary and linguistic rules to automate the business descriptions' translation into the ER data model language. Before that, however, the corpus was enriched by adding annotations to the words related to ER data model constructs. In this paper, we also present the main issues uncovered during the translation process and offer a possible solution with utility evaluation: applying information‐extraction performance measures to a set of sentences from the corpus.
Blood and cerebrospinal fluid immune cell profiles in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy of different etiologies
Authors: Langenbruch Lisa , Bleß Laurens , Schulte‐Mecklenbeck Andreas , Sundermann Benedikt , Brix Tobias , Elger Christian E. , Melzer Nico , Wiendl Heinz , Meuth Sven G. , Gross Catharina C. , Kovac Stjepana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of immune‐mediated epilepsy, but also in epilepsy of other etiology such as hippocampal sclerosis. This study aimed to characterize immune cell signatures in the peripheral blood (PB) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) of different etiologies. We retrospectively evaluated CSF routine parameters and immune cell profiles using flow cytometry in a cohort of 51 patients and 45 age‐matched controls with functional disorders. Groups were comprised of patients with nonlesional TLE (n = 26), TLE due to hippocampal sclerosis (n = 14), or limbic encephalitis with antibodies against the 65‐kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65‐LE; n = 11). TLE patients showed increased proportions of human leukocyte antigen–DR isotype (HLA‐DR)‐expressing CD4+ T lymphocytes in the CSF. Furthermore, they were characterized by a shift in monocyte subsets toward immature CD14lowCD16+ cells in the PB and blood/CSF‐barrier dysfunction. Whereas TLE patients in general showed similar immune cell profiles, patients with GAD65‐LE differed from other TLE patients by increased proportions of HLA‐DR–expressing CD8+ T lymphocytes and type 2/3 oligoclonal bands. These findings point to a role of innate and adaptive immunity in TLE. CSF parameters may help to discriminate epilepsy patients from controls and different forms of TLE from each other.