bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hvordan kan KRLE-faget fremstille islams mangfold?
Authors: Nestby Dag Hallvard 
Published: December 2019

I denne artikkelen gir jeg et bidrag til den faglige diskusjonen om hvordan islam kan fremstilles i grunnskolens KRLE-fag. Ved hjelp av Robert Jacksons tredelte tilnærming til religion prøver jeg å vise at læreplanens syn på menneskerettigheter som en felles referanse åpner et problematiserende rom hvor elevers ønske om nyanserte fremstillinger av islam kan imøtekommes. Jeg redegjør først for innholdet i Jacksons metode; deretter redegjør jeg for noen problematiserende stemmer (innen islam) som viser muslimenes bidrag til en felles forståelse av menneskerettighetenes betydning. Til slutt undersøker jeg hvorvidt slike stemmer kommer til uttrykk i KRLE-fagets to nyeste lærebøker (for ungdomstrinnet). Undersøkelsen viser stor variasjon i forekomsten av slike stemmer.
Nøkkelord: Islam, KRLE-fagets læreplan, menneskerettigheter, Robert Jacksons tredelte tilnærming, rettighetsfremmende strømninger, KRLE-boka 8–10, Store spørsmål 8–10
Meme Kanserinde Brca-1 ve Brca-2’de Sık Görülen Polimorfizm Mutasyonların Bölgemizde Varlığı
Authors: AKKUZU Mustafa , KÜÇÜKÖNER Mehmet , IRTEGUN Sevgi , AKDENİZ Nadiye , URAKÇI Zuhat , KAPLAN Muhammet Ali , BÜYÜKBAYRAM Hüseyin , IŞIKDOĞAN Abdurrahman 
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Meme kanseri kadınlar arasında en sık görülen ve en fazla ölüme neden olan kanser tipidir. Meme kanseri oluşumunda birçok tümör supresör gen, onkogen ve DNA tamir genleri rol oynamaktadır. Tümör supresör genlerden BRCA-1-2 meme kanserine yol açtığı bilinen genlerdir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde başka bölgelerde yapılmış olan BRCA-1-2 genlerinde ki sık görülen polimorfizm mutasyonların kendi bölgemizdeki sıklığı araştırıldı. Araştırmamızda Dicle Üniversitesi Onkoloji Bilim Dalında meme kanseri tanısı almış genç yaş (44 yaş altı) grubu 96 hastanın tümör dokusundan çalışıldı. BRCA-1 (rs16942, rs1799966) ve BRCA-2 (rs144848, rs1799944) genlerine ait polimorfik mutasyonları PCR özgül belirleme grubundan Hibridizasyon Prob Yöntemiyle “LightCycler” PCR cihazı kullanılarak belirlemeyi amaçladık.
Bulgular: Çalışma hastalarının BRCA-1 genine ait rs16942’de 14 (%14,5) adet homozigot (GG), 55 (%57,3) adet heterozigot (AG) ; rs1799966’ da 18 (%18,7) adet homozigot (GG), 46 (%47,9) adet heterozigot (AG); BRCA-2 genine ait rs144848’ de 9 (%9,37) adet homozigot (TT), 25 (%26,04) adet heterozigot (GT); rs1799944’ de de 2 (%2,08) adet homozigot (GG), 3 (%3,12) adet heterozigot (AG) hastada polimorfik gen mutasyonları saptadık. Bu mutasyonların hastalık yaş grubu, evre, grade, ER pozitifliği ve HER-2 pozitifliği ile ilişkili olmadığını saptadık. Yaş ile mutasyon sıklığı bakıldığında 35 yaş altında, evre 2 ve evre 3’ de, grade 2 ve grade 3’de mutasyon oranları numerik olarak artmakla beraber p değerinin klinik bir anlamlılık yoktu.
Sonuç: Bölgemiz açısından BRCA-1-2 polimorfizm mutasyonları önemli oranda olup hasta bireylerin ve ailelerin taranması önemlidir. BRCA-1/BRCA-2 deki bu polimorfizm mutasyonlarının yaş, evre, grade, ER durumu, HER durumu ile ilişkisinin olmadığını saptadık.
Gastroenterit Nedeniyle Yatırılan Pediatrik Hastaların Rotavirüs/Adenovirüs Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ASENA Muhammet , CANAN Adem , ÖZTÜRK Ünal , AYDIN ÖZTÜRK Pınar , PİRİNÇÇİOĞLU Ayfer Gözü 
Published: December 2019

Amaç: Çocuk sağlığı alanındaki global iyileşmeye rağmen, 5 yaş altı çocuk ölü mlerinin en sık 2. nedenini hala gastroenteritler
oluşturmaktadır. Yenidoğan ve kü çü k çocuklarda ağır gastroenteritin en sık nedeni rotavirüstür. Enterik Adenovirüs ise ikinci en
sık viral gastroenterit nedenidir.
Bu çalışma ile gastroenterit etyolojisi olarak rotavirüs/adenovirüs sıklığının araştırılması, klinik bulgu ve laboratuvar
parametrelerine etkisi, yatış süreci üzerine etkisinin diğer gastroenteritlerle karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesi ile önlem ve tedavi
ile ilgili çalışmalara temel oluşturulması amaçlandı.
Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza hastanemize gastroenterit tanısıyla yatan 353 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, ishal sıklığı,
rotavirüs veya adenovirüs saptanıp saptanmadığı, klinik bulguları, probiyotik-antibiyotik kullanımı, eşlik eden hastalık varlığı, kaç
gün yattığı, yattığı ay, C-reaktif protein düzeyi, hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametreler retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.
Rotavirüs/adenovirüs antijen pozitifiliği saptanan hastalar rotavirüs/adenovirüs saptanmayan hastalarla (kontrol grubu)
istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 18,8 (1-125) aydı. Yaş grubuna göre diare sıklığına bakıldığında hastaların en sık %56,9 ile 624

ay arasında olduğu 6-24 ay arası hasta grubunun %40,.8’inde rotavirüs/adenovirüs saptanmış olup bu durum istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p=0.03).
Gaita sayısına bakıldığında rotavirüs/adenovirüs saptanan hastaların %80,6’sında 10 ve üzerinde gaita sayısı saptanmış olup
istatiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Rotavirüs/adenovirüs saptanan hastalarda iştahsızlık, halsizlik ve dehidratasyon
bulgularına kontrol grubuna oranla daha sık rastlandığı görülmektedir.
Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçları göz önüne alındığında rotavirüs/adenovirüse bağlı gastroenteritlerde klinik bulguların daha belirgin
olduğu, ancak laboratuvar parametrelerinden anlamlı farklılık olmadığı gözlenmektedir.
Bu nedenle özellikle klinik bulguları daha ağır olan gastroenterit hastalarında viral nedenlerin araştırılması etkin semptomatik
tedavi ve gereksiz antibiyoterapiden kaçınılmasını sağlayacaktır.
Glengarry and the Wider World
Authors: MacGillivray Royce 
Published: December 2019

Les six biographies que nous présentons aujourd’hui sont extraites du Dictionary of Glengarry Biography auquel nous travaillons depuis de nombreuses années, et qui comportera près de 1 200 entrées de longueurs variables. Elles ont été choisies en fonction d’un critère : l’ouverture vers un monde plus large. On peut dire ainsi de Dorothy Dumbrille que, grâce à la renommée de sa poésie pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elle a fait le lien entre le comté de Glengarry et le reste du monde, tout en rejoignant, toujours à travers son oeuvre littéraire, le Canada français. En relation avec de nombreuses personnes importantes en Ontario et au Canada, le Dr Grant fut aussi un intermédiaire, un lien cette fois avec le mouvement des Lumières en Écosse. À travers la vie peu ordinaire de Mme Ishikawa, dont le souvenir reste encore vivant à Glengarry, on retrouve plusieurs des expériences les plus dramatiques du XXe siècle. Quant à John Angus McDougald qui fut le fondateur d’une grande dynastie canadienne d’hommes d’affaires, il a aussi aidé, avec l’aide de son gendre A. L. Smith, à associer le comté de Glengarry à Angus et Hollinger, des noms importants dans le domaine international des affaires. Finalement, récipiendaire de la Victoria Cross, Claude Nunney fait partie de l’histoire militaire du vingtième siècle.
Au bord du vide. Le trop-plein de l’imaginaire djihadiste
Authors: Lemelin Isabelle 
Published: December 2019

Le terrorisme djihadiste sème et récolte la mort, mais va à l’encontre du nihilisme passif ou de la doctrine d’après laquelle rien n’existe d’absolu en raison de son redoutable usage d’une rhétorique martyrologique. Que cette dernière ne corresponde plus à la tradition ni chiite ni sunnite n’a rien d’étonnant en ces temps de religion sans culture et de faits alternatifs. Il n’en demeure pas moins que cette rhétorique renvoie à un foisonnant univers symbolique. Pour mettre en lumière une parcelle de cet imaginaire djihadiste, je présente d’abord le phénomène d’inversion qu’est le martyre. Puis, j’en expose quelques définitions dans la tradition musulmane et je retrace l’étymologie du motshadid. Enfin, je montre, à l’aide d’exemples, les inversions qui concernent : 1) la passivité et l’activité; 2) la victime anonyme et le célèbre vainqueur; 3) l’individu et la société et, enfin, 4) l’au-delà et l’ici-bas.
Effects of exogenous application of salicylic acid on drought performance of medicinal plant, Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim
Authors: Ma Ruili , Xu Shengrong , Chen Yuan , Guo Fengxia , Wu Rui , Okyere Samuel Anim , Wang Fusheng , Jing Yanming , Wang Xingzheng 
Published: December 2019

This study investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) foliar application on Fritillariaprzewalskii under drought stress condition. Plants were subjected to three irrigation regimes, 75-80% control (CK), 60-65% medium stress (M) and 40-45% severe stress (S) of the field capacity and three levels of SA, 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mM. Relative water content (RWC), proline content, total soluble carbohydrates, chlorophyll “a” (Chl a), chlorophyll “b” (Chl b), chlorophyll “a + b” (Chl a + b), carotenoids contents, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and activities of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were measured. RWC, soluble carbohydrates, Chl b, Chl a + b, MDA content and activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR and APX) were significantly affected by water deprivation without SA. Exogenous SA significantly increased the content of RWC, total leaf soluble carbohydrates, leaf proline and Chl b at moderate water deficit and severe water deficit. MDA content was decreased significantly by exogenous SA. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, GR and APX) were also significantly affected by exogenous SA. However, the content of Chl a, Chl a + b, and carotenoids were not significantly affected by exogenous SA.
Survey of imazethapyr-resistant common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Quebec
Authors: Marsan-Pelletier Félix , Vanasse Anne , Simard Marie-Josée , Cuerrier Marie-Edith 
Published: December 2019

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is widespread in soybean (Glycine max L.) fields in southern Québec. Biotypes resistant to ALS (group 2) herbicides are commonly reported in conventional crops where these herbicides are used. Reported cases are voluntary and potentially underestimate the occurrence of resistance. A survey was therefore undertaken in 2014 and 2015 in soybean fields treated with a Group 2 herbicide. Common ragweed seeds were collected from 123 fields. Seedlings were grown and tested for resistance using the recommended rate of imazethapyr (100.8 g a.e. ha-1). Weed populations were classified as susceptible, developing resistance (less than one third of plants classified as resistant) or resistant (at least one third of plants were resistant). Twenty populations were then selected based on these resistance levels and treated with four doses of the herbicide (0, 100.8, 201.6, and 403.2 g a.e. ha-1). Resistance to imazethapyr was detected in 81% of samples (21.1% were classified as developing resistance and 59.4% were classified as resistant). Populations classified as developing resistance had a resistance factor of 1.04, while populations classified as resistant had a resistance factor greater than 5. These results confirm the presence of multiple populations of imazethapyr-resistant common ragweed in Quebec.
A systematic review of the application of machine learning in the detection and classification of transposable elements
Authors: Orozco-Arias Simon , Isaza Gustavo , Guyot Romain , Tabares-Soto Reinel 
Published: December 2019

Background
Transposable elements (TEs) constitute the most common repeated sequences in eukaryotic genomes. Recent studies demonstrated their deep impact on species diversity, adaptation to the environment and diseases. Although there are many conventional bioinformatics algorithms for detecting and classifying TEs, none have achieved reliable results on different types of TEs. Machine learning (ML) techniques can automatically extract hidden patterns and novel information from labeled or non-labeled data and have been applied to solving several scientific problems.

Methodology
We followed the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) process, applying the six stages of the review protocol from it, but added a previous stage, which aims to detect the need for a review. Then search equations were formulated and executed in several literature databases. Relevant publications were scanned and used to extract evidence to answer research questions.

Results
Several ML approaches have already been tested on other bioinformatics problems with promising results, yet there are few algorithms and architectures available in literature focused specifically on TEs, despite representing the majority of the nuclear DNA of many organisms. Only 35 articles were found and categorized as relevant in TE or related fields.

Conclusions
ML is a powerful tool that can be used to address many problems. Although ML techniques have been used widely in other biological tasks, their utilization in TE analyses is still limited. Following the SLR, it was possible to notice that the use of ML for TE analyses (detection and classification) is an open problem, and this new field of research is growing in interest.
Ethnopharmacological Survey of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Human Diseases in the Tivaouane Department, Senegal
Authors: Diatta Kady , Diatta William , Fall Alioune Dior , Dieng Serigne Ibra Mbacké , Mbaye Amadou Ibrahima , Sarr Abdou , Seye Mamadou Bamba 
Published: December 2019

Background: In Africa, particularly in Senegal, 70% of the population resort to traditional medicine.
Aim/Objective: The aim of this study is to inventory the plants used to the the treatment of erectile dysfunction, hypertension, diabetes etc because the populations often resort to phytotherapy.
Methods: Fifty traditional practitioners, fifty herbalists and fifty resources persons were conducted to identify the plants used in the management of affections in the Tivaouane department.
Results: Ninety seven plants could be identified and divided into eighty nine genera and forty eight families. Thus, Fabaceae families with 18 species, Euphorbiaceae (8 species), Combretaceae (5 species), Malvaceae (4 species), Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Meliaceae Myrtaceae and Poaceae each with 3 species and Asclepiadaceae, Liliaceae, Lythraceae, Loganaceae and Menispermaceae each with 2 species; Apocynaceae, Balanitaceae, Bignoniaceae, Capparidaceae, Caricaceae, Casuarinaceae, Celastraceae, Cochlospermaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Hypericaceae, Lamiaceae, Loraceae, Lauraceae, Loranthaceae, Moraceae , Moringaceae, Musaceae Olacaceae, Polygalaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Sphenocleaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Verbenaceae and Zingiberaceae are represented by a single species. The most used plant for antipyretic herbal medicine is Senna occidentalis with a citation percentage of 31.72%, followed by Khaya senegalensis (17.18%) and Citrus aurantifolia (11.01%). The most used plant for antalgic herbal medicine is Grewia bicolor with a citation percentage of 19.48%, followed by Acacia nilotica (12.21%) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (9.59%). The most used plant for antihypertensive is Zizyphus mauritiana with a citation percentage of 16.83%, followed by Combrethum micranthum (13.37%) and Oxythenantera abyssinica (11.88%). The most used plant for cicatrizing is Acacia nilotica with a citation percentage of 25.71%, followed by Vernonia colorata (12%) and Leptadenia hastata (10.29%). The most used plant for erectile dysfunction is Flueggea virosa with a citation percentage of 24.14%, followed by Zingiber officinale (18.96%) and Cassia sieberiana (12.07%). The leaves (51%) and barks (18%) are the organs used for the medicinal preparations. The decoction (44%) is the most use followed by maceration (29%) and powder (16%).
Conclusion: Further investigations are needed to explore the bioactive compounds of these herbal medicines. In this aspect, many plants are claimed to be effective in the treatment of many affections.
Comparison the Effect of Paracetamol and Ketorolac on Pain Relief after Cesarean Section
Authors: Shakeri Asadollah , Taghizadeh Soosan , Razavi Maryam 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Cesarean section is one of the most common surgical procedures in women. Effective pain control is an important component of post-operative care, as calming the mother increases her ability to take care of herself, reduce nosocomial infections, and hospitalization costs. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of paracetamol and ketorolac on the relief of post-cesarean pain in order to find a drug with minimal complications.
Methods: This study was performed on 140 women admitted to Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital due to cesarean section. Patients were divided into two groups of 500 mg paracetamol after cord clamp and 30 mg intravenous ketorolac group. Pain score, need for additional analgesia and visual analogue scale (VAS) were measured and compared in two groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: In this study, mean pain scores at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours were significantly lower in the ketorolac group than in the paracetamol group. There was no complication in any of the experimental groups in this study. There was no significant difference between the mean time of first request for the additional analgesic of two groups. Frequency of additional analgesic request in the ketorolac group was significantly lower than in the paracetamol group.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that the rate of pain reduction after cesarean section with ketorolac was significantly higher than paracetamol.
A Li–Al–O Solid‐State Electrolyte with High Ionic Conductivity and Good Capability to Protect Li Anode
Authors: Xie Meilan , Lin Xing , Huang Zhimei , Li Yuyu , Zhong Yun , Cheng Zexiao , Yuan Lixia , Shen Yue , Lu Xing , Zhai Tianyou , Huang Yunhui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing a solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) to stabilize the Li metal anode is widely considered a promising route to develop next‐generation high energy density lithium batteries. Here, a new polycrystalline aluminate‐based SSE (named Li–Al–O SSE) with good capability is introduced to protect Li metal. The SSE is formed on the Li metal surface via a chemical reaction between LiOH and triethylaluminum (TEAL) with the existence of LiTFSI‐based electrolyte. It is a continuous film that consists of polycrystalline LiAlO2, Li3AlO3, Al2O3, Li2CO3, LiF, and some organic compounds. Such Li–Al–O SSE possesses a room‐temperature ionic conductivity as high as 1.42 × 10−4 S cm−1. Meanwhile, it effectively protects the Li anode from the corrosion of H2O, O2, and organic solvent, and suppresses the growth of Li dendrite. With the protection of the Li–Al–O SSE, the cycle life of Li|Li symmetric cell and Li|O2 cell is substantially elongated, indicating that the SSE exhibits an excellent protective effect under both inert and oxidizing circumstances.
In Situ Formed Fibrin Scaffold with Cyclophosphamide to Synergize with Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Inhibition of Cancer Recurrence after Surgery
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhou Jinhua , Hu Lvzhong , Han Xiao , Zou Xinwei , Chen Qian , Chen Youguo , Liu Zhuang , Wang Chao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnsatisfied cytoreductive surgery predicts worse clinical outcomes. Previous studies have found that cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a rhythmic immune modulator that can target suppressive regulatory immune cells and meanwhile enhance effector cells. Here, a therapeutic scaffold is engineered based on a fibrin hydrogel to codeliver CTX and anti‐PD‐L1 antibody (aPDL1) for the prevention of cancer recurrence postsurgery. It is demonstrated that the sequential release of CTX and aPDL1 from the fibrin hydrogel can lead to selective depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the residual tumor, which would then synergize the immune checkpoint blockade therapy. The therapeutic benefit is demonstrated in an orthotopic breast tumor and an orthotopic ovarian tumor model after incomplete resection of primary tumors. In this work, the strategy provides a clinically valuable option for preventing cancer recurrence postsurgery.
Peptidic Monodisperse PEG “Comb” as Multifunctional “Add‐On” Module for Imaging‐Traceable and Thermo‐Responsive Theranostics
Authors: Zhu Junfei , Zhang Huaibin , Chen Kexin , Li Yu , Yang Zhigang , Chen Shizhen , Zheng Xing , Zhou Xin , Jiang Zhong‐Xing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMonodisperse polyethylene glycols–modified (M‐PEGylated) biomaterials exhibit high structural accuracy, biocompatibility, and fine‐tunable physicochemical properties. To develop “smart” drug delivery systems in a controllable and convenient manner, a peptidic M‐PEG “comb” with fluorinated L‐lysine side chains and a fluorescent N‐terminal is conveniently prepared as a 19F magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) and fluorescence dual‐imaging traceable and thermo‐responsive “add‐on” module for liposomal theranostics in cancer therapy. The peptidic M‐PEG “comb” has high biocompatibility, thermo‐responsivity with a sharp lower critical solution temperature, an aggregation‐induced emission fluorescence, and high 19F MRI sensitivity. As a highly branched amphiphile, it self‐assembles and firmly anchors on the doxorubicin‐loaded liposomal nanoparticles, which M‐PEGylates the liposomes and facilitates the thermo‐responsive drug release and drug tracking with dual‐imaging technologies. In a rodent xenograft model of human liver cancer HepG2 cells, the M‐PEGylated liposomes exhibit long in vivo half time, low toxicity, high tumor accumulation, “hot spot” 19F MRI, and therapeutic efficacy. With accurately programmable chemical structure, fine‐tunable physicochemical and biological properties to meet the demands of diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy, the M‐PEG “comb” is promising as a versatile “add‐on” module for rapid and convenient formulation of various “smart” theranostics.
Efficient Bifacial Passivation with Crosslinked Thioctic Acid for High‐Performance Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Hui , Liu Tao , Zhou Peng , Li Shuang , Ren Jing , He Hongcai , Wang Jinshu , Wang Ning , Guo Shaojun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDefects, inevitably produced within bulk and at perovskite‐transport layer interfaces (PTLIs), are detrimental to power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It is demonstrated that a crosslinkable organic small molecule thioctic acid (TA), which can simultaneously be chemically anchored to the surface of TiO2 and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) through coordination effects and then in situ crosslinked to form a robust continuous polymer (Poly(TA)) network after thermal treatment, can be introduced into PSCs as a new bifacial passivation agent for greatly passivating the defects. It is also discovered that Poly(TA) can additionally enhance the charge extraction efficiency and the water‐resisting and light‐resisting abilities of perovskite film. These newly discovered features of Poly(TA) make PSCs herein achieve among the best PCE of 20.4% ever reported for MAPbI3 with negligible hysteresis, along with much enhanced ultraviolet, air, and operational stabilities. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the passivation of MAPbI3 bulk and PTLIs by Poly(TA) occurs through the interaction of functional groups (COOH, CS) in Poly(TA) with under‐coordinated Pb2+ in MAPbI3 and Ti4+ in TiO2, which is supported by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.