bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring What Counts to Advance Indigenous Self-Determination: A Case Study of the Nisg̱a’a Lisims Government’s Quality of Life Framework and Survey
Authors: Bouchard Karen , Perry Adam , West-Johnson Shannon , Rodon Thierry , Vanchu-Orosco Michelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModern Treaties are presented as a means for improving the lives of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples in Canada by providing specific rights, and negotiated benefits. However, the positive impacts of Modern Treaties on Indigenous well-being are contested (Borrows and Coyle 2017; Coulthard 2014; Guimond et al. 2013; Miller 2009; Poelzer and Coates 2015). Developing a more transparent, consistent, collaborative and contextual way of measuring well-being relevant to the cultural realities of Modern Treaty beneficiaries is an important step for generating comparative methods that could systematically demonstrate whether, and under what conditions, such agreements can effectively reduce socio-economic disparities and improve the quality of life of Indigenous communities. The authors first examine previous attempts at measuring Indigenous well-being, then reflect on well-being in relation to the Modern Treaty context. Subsequently, the authors provide an example from one Self-Governing Indigenous Government, the Nisga’a Lisims Government, to collect well-being data through the Nisga’a Nation Household Survey using a mixed quantitative-qualitative method developed through a culturally grounded and participatory approach.
Profit Based Unit Commitment of Thermal Units with Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles in Power Market
Authors: Vasiyullah S. F. Syed , Bharathidasan S. G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn restructured power system, Generation Companies (GENCOs) has an opportunity to sell power and reserve in power market to earn profit by market clearing process. Defining unit commitment problem in a competitive environment to maximize the profit of GENCOs while satisfying all the network constraints is called Profit Based Unit Commitment problem (PBUC). The main contribution of this paper is modeling and inclusion of Market Clearing Price (MCP) in PBUC problem. In Day market, MCP is determined by market operator which provides maximum social welfare for both GENCOs and Consumers.On other hand this paper proposes a novel combination of solution methodology: Improved Pre-prepared power demand (IPPD) table and Analytical Hierarchy method (AHP) for solving the optimal day ahead scheduling problem as an another contribution. In this method, the status of unit commitment is obtained by IPPD table and AHP provides an optimal solution to PBUC problem. Minimizing total operating cost of thermal units to provide maximum profit to GENCOs is called an optimal day ahead scheduling problem. Also it will be more realistic to redefine this problem to include multiple distributed resources and Electric vehicles with energy storage. Because of any uncertainties or fluctuation of renewable energy resources (RESs), Electric vehicles (EV) can be used as load, energy sources and energy storage. This would reduce cost, emission and to improve system power quality and reliability. So output power of solar (PS), wind output power (PW) and Electric Vehicles power (PEV) are modeled and included into day ahead scheduling problem.The proposed methodology is tested on a standard thermal unit system with or without RESs and EVs. Cost and emission reduction in a smart grid by maximum utilization of EVs and RESs are presented in this literature. It is indicated that the proposed method provides maximum profit to GENCOs when compared to other methodologies such as Memory Management Algorithm, Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Muller method, Gravitational search algorithm etc.
Finding the Most Favorable Timing for Cholecystectomy after Percutaneous Cholecystostomy Tube Placement: An Analysis of Institutional and National Data
Authors: Woodward Steven G. , Rios-Diaz Arturo J. , Zheng Richard , McPartland Connor , Tholey Renee , Tatarian Talar , Palazzo Francesco 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Early cholecystectomy (E-CCY; 8 weeks or less) after percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PCT) placement has been associated with increased postoperative complications, but this finding has not been validated at a national level and PCT-related complications and interventions (PCT-RCIs) were not evaluated.

STUDY DESIGN:
Adults with PCT for acute cholecystitis subsequently undergoing CCY were identified within the Nationwide Readmission Database (2010-2015) and our institution (2017-2019). Adjusted relative risks (aRRs) of postoperative complications were estimated using Poisson regression comparing E-CCY with delayed cholecystectomy (D-CCY; more than 8 weeks) within the nationwide cohort. Institutional PCT-RCIs, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were compared between E-CCY and D-CCY using chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

RESULTS:
Of 6,145 patients from the Nationwide Readmission Database, 32.9% were D-CCY. Risk-adjusted analysis identified no differences between E-CCY and D-CCY in complications (aRR 0.98; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.07), mortality (aRR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.81), or 30-day readmissions (aRR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.27). Risk-adjusted analyses assessing the association of time to interval cholecystectomy (IC) with morbidity indicated an increased risk of surgical complications in the first month after PCT placement (aRR 1.17; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.33). In the institutional cohort (E-CCY, n = 23; D-CCY, n = 45), there were no statistically significant differences found in estimated blood loss, length of stay, and postoperative complications. There were increased PCT-RCIs in the D-CCY group (26.9% E-CCY vs 69% D-CCY; p < 0.01) based on our unadjusted analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Increased operative complications when IC is performed within 1 month of PCT placement and increased PCT-RCIs when IC is performed 8 weeks after PCT placement suggest that the most favorable timing for IC is between 4 and 8 weeks after PCT placement.
Clinical handover from emergency medical services to the trauma team: A gap analysis
Authors: Javidan Arshia P. , Nathens Avery B. , Tien Homer , da Luz Luis T. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesThere has been limited evaluation of handover from emergency medical services (EMS) to the trauma team. We sought to characterize these handover practices to identify areas of improvement and determine if handover standardization might be beneficial for trauma team performance.MethodsData were prospectively collected over a nine-week period by a trained observer at a Canadian level one trauma centre. A randomized scheduled was used to capture a representative breadth of handovers. Data collected included outcome measures such as duration of handover, structure of the handover, and information shared, process measures such as questions and interruptions from the trauma team, and perceptions of the handover from nurses, trauma team leaders and EMS according to a bidirectional Likert scale.Results79 formal verbal handovers were observed. Information was often missing regarding airway (present 22%), breathing (54%), medications (59%), and allergies (54%). Handover structure lacked consistency beyond the order of identification and mechanism of injury. Of all questions asked, 35% were questioning previously given information. The majority of handovers (61%) involved parallel conversations between team members while EMS was speaking. There was a statistically significant disparity between the self-evaluation of EMS handovers and the perceived quality determined by nurses and trauma team leaders.ConclusionsWe have identified the need to standardize handover due to poor information content, a lack of structure and active listening, information repetition, and discordant expectations between team members. These data will guide the development of a co-constructed framework integrating the perspectives of all team members.
Air medical transport myths
Authors: MacDonald Russell D. , Lewell Michael , Moore Sean , Pan Andy , Peddle Michael , Sawadsky Bruce 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe role of air medical and land-based critical care transport services is not always clear amongst traditional emergency medical service providers or hospital-based health care practitioners. Some of this is historical, when air medical services were in their infancy and their role within the broader health care system was limited. Despite their evolution within the regionalized health care system, some myths remain regarding air medical services in Canada. The goal is to clarify several commonly held but erroneous beliefs regarding the role, impact, and practices in air medical transport.
Quality of abdominal ultrasound image acquisition by novice practitioners following a minimal training session on healthy volunteers
Authors: Waterman Bradley , Van Aarsen Kristine , Lewell Michael , Myslik Frank , Peddle Michael , Doran Sean 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundPoint of care ultrasound (POCUS) is an essential tool for physicians to guide treatment decisions in both hospital and prehospital settings. Despite the potential patient care and system utilization benefits of prehospital ultrasound, the financial burden of a “hands-on” training program for large numbers of paramedics remains a barrier to implementation. In this study, we conducted a prospective, observational, double-blinded study comparing paramedics to emergency physicians in their ability to generate usable abdominal ultrasound images after a 1-hour didactic training session.MethodsCanadian aeromedical critical care paramedics were compared against emergency medicine physicians in their ability to generate adequate abdominal ultrasound images on five healthy volunteers. Quality of each scan was evaluated by a trained expert in POCUS who was blinded to the identity of the participant using a 5-point Likert scale and using the standardized QUICk Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) assessment tool.ResultsFourteen Critical care paramedics and four emergency department (ED) physicians were voluntarily recruited. Of paramedics, 57% had never used ultrasound before, 36% has used ultrasound without formal training, and 7% had previous training. Physicians had a higher proportion of usable scans compared with paramedics (100% v. 61.4%, Δ38.6%; 95% confidence interval, 19.3–50.28).ConclusionsParamedics were not able to produce images of interpretable quality at the same frequency when compared with emergency medicine physicians. However, a 61.4% usable image rate for paramedics following a short 1-hour didactic training session is promising for future studies, which could incorporate a short hands-on tutorial while remaining cost-effective.
Sex Differences in Endovascular Treatment for Stroke: A Population-based Analysis
Authors: Zerna Charlotte , Rogers Edwin , Rabi Doreen M. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Kamal Noreen , Mann Balraj , Jeerakathil Tom , Buck Brian , Shuaib Ashfaq , Rempel Jeremy , Menon Bijoy K. , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Acute ischemic stroke may affect women and men differently. We aimed to evaluate sex differences in outcomes of endovascular treatment (EVT) for ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in a population-based study in Alberta, Canada.Methods and Results:Over a 3-year period (April 2015–March 2018), 576 patients fit the inclusion criteria of our study and constituted the EVT group of our analysis. The medical treatment group of the ESCAPE trial had 150 patients. Thus, our total sample size was 726. We captured outcomes in clinical routine using administrative data and a linked database methodology. The primary outcome of our study was home-time. Home-time refers to the number of days that the patient was back at their premorbid living situation without an increase in the level of care within 90 days of the index stroke event. In adjusted analysis, EVT was associated with an increase of 90-day home-time by an average of 6.08 (95% CI −2.74–14.89, p-value 0.177) days in women compared to an average of 11.20 (95% CI 1.94–20.46, p-value 0.018) days in men. Further analysis revealed that the association between EVT and 90-day home-time in women was confounded by age and onset-to-treatment time.Conclusions:We found a nonsignificant nominal reduction of 90-day home-time gain for women compared to men in this province-wide population-based study of EVT for large vessel occlusion, which was only partially explained by confounding.
The Impact of Japanese Labels on the Perceived Relevance of Lean Production Practices in a Russian Bank
Authors: Yakubovich Valery , Lup Daniela 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTWe investigate how the relevance of the Lean Production System (LPS) as perceived by employees of a Russian bank depends on whether LPS practices are labeled with transliterated original Japanese words or translated Russian words. Building on organizational translation scholarship contextualized to Russia, we formulate hypotheses about the mechanism through which labels affect the perceived relevance of practices. The results of an experimental study situated in a Russian bank show that transliterated Japanese labels have a negative impact on the perceived relevance of LPS practices by Russian employees. Further analysis reveals that this negative perception is fully mediated by the label's semantic fit, that is, the extent to which the label complies with the linguistic codes of the Russian language. Specifically, we find that, on average, the transliterated Japanese labels have a lower semantic fit than the translated Russian labels, and this difference in semantic fit explains the Japanese labels’ lower relevance as perceived by the bank's employees. By unpacking the causal effect of the labels used for management practices on the practices’ perceived relevance, this study advances our understanding of how organizations could influence employees’ acceptance of foreign management practices.
Victims of the Pandemic? European Far-Right Parties and COVID-19
Authors: Wondreys Jakub , Mudde Cas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt has become received wisdom that the pandemic has “exposed” the political incompetence of far-right parties in government and that far-right parties in opposition have become its (first) “victims.” This is largely based on the generalization of one or two individual cases—most notably US president Donald Trump—who is the exception rather than the rule. This article provides a comparative analysis of far-right responses to the COVID-19 pandemic within the European Union. Based on theoretical insights from previous research, we expect the responses to reflect the main ideology and the internal heterogeneity of the contemporary far right as well as to show the increasing mainstreaming of its positions. We analyze four different, but related, aspects: (1) the narratives about COVID-19 from far-right parties; (2) the proposed solutions of far-right parties; (3) the electoral consequences of the pandemic for far-right parties; and (4) the success of far-right parties in dealing with the pandemic. Finally, in the discussion we shortly look ahead at the possible consequences of a highly likely second outbreak of COVID-19.
Analysis of population functional connectivity data via multilayer network embeddings
Authors: Wilson James D. , Baybay Melanie , Sankar Rishi , Stillman Paul , Popa Abbie M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPopulation analyses of functional connectivity have provided a rich understanding of how brain function differs across time, individual, and cognitive task. An important but challenging task in such population analyses is the identification of reliable features that describe the function of the brain, while accounting for individual heterogeneity. Our work is motivated by two particularly important challenges in this area: first, how can one analyze functional connectivity data over populations of individuals, and second, how can one use these analyses to infer group similarities and differences. Motivated by these challenges, we model population connectivity data as a multilayer network and develop the multi-node2vec algorithm, an efficient and scalable embedding method that automatically learns continuous node feature representations from multilayer networks. We use multi-node2vec to analyze resting state fMRI scans over a group of 74 healthy individuals and 60 patients with schizophrenia. We demonstrate how multilayer network embeddings can be used to visualize, cluster, and classify functional regions of the brain for these individuals. We furthermore compare the multilayer network embeddings of the two groups. We identify significant differences between the groups in the default mode network and salience network—findings that are supported by the triple network model theory of cognitive organization. Our findings reveal that multi-node2vec is a powerful and reliable method for analyzing multilayer networks. Data and publicly available code are available at https://github.com/jdwilson4/multi-node2vec.
The remote neuro-otology assessment – managing dizziness in the coronavirus disease 2019 era
Authors: Murdin L , Saman Y , Rea P 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 and other factors have driven interest in conducting remote consultations, but there has been little research on this topic in neuro-otology. With suitable preparation, neuro-otology patients with dizziness can have remote assessments that include elements of neuro-otological physical examination, with tailored management and onward pathways arranged.MethodsThis paper reports experience with remote consultation in over 700 neuro-otology patient consultations and suggests a systematic approach, illustrated by a clinical case report and data on 100 consultations.ConclusionRemote consultations can play a role in neuro-otology clinics. Further research is needed to establish patient acceptability, diagnostic accuracy, safety and efficiency of remote models of care for this patient group.
The Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS): Psychometric Characteristics in a Clinical Referral Sample
Authors: Gass Carlton S. , Patten Brooke , Penate Ailyn , Rhodes Alice 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS), a 39-item Likert-type self-report instrument that requires a fifth grade reading level. The CDS is a popular instrument that has been shown to predict cognitive decline in older persons.Method:Participants were 512 consecutive outpatient referrals (71% women, mean age 60.6, and education 14.6 years) for a neuropsychological examination in a memory disorders clinic as part of a broader neurodiagnostic workup for cognitive decline. A principal components analysis was followed by a varimax rotation (Kaiser). Factor scores were investigated in relation to multiple internal and external criteria including demographics, Cronbach’s alpha, Digit Span, and Wechsler Memory Scale-IV Logical Memory (LM) and Visual Reproduction (VR), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-2 measures of depression, anxiety, somatic preoccupations, and thought disturbance.Results:Six dimensions of cognitive complaint emerged accounting for 64% of the variance: attention/concentration, praxis, prospective memory, speech problems, memory for people’s names, and temporal orientation. The factors showed good internal consistency (alphas > .850). Correlations with Digit Span, LM, and VR were all nonsignificant. CDS scores were associated with MMPI-2 measures of anxiety, depression, somatic preoccupation, and thought disturbance. Percentiles and T-scores were derived for raw scores on the CDS and its six component subscales.Conclusion:The CDS is a multidimensional measure of subjective cognitive complaints that provides clinicians with a psychometrically sound basis for deriving a profile with six subscale scores. The test has clinical utility and is a potentially useful tool in research involving age-related cognitive changes and meta-cognition.
The impact of a Stress Control course delivered in partnership with a sports organisation on mental health outcomes in a general population
Authors: Hayes Jennifer , Crowley Rosarie , O’Brien Yvonne , Hannon Geraldine , Hennessey Emma , O’Connell Laura , Twomey Deirdre , Berry David , Harrington Janas , McCarthy Pearse 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mental health problems have a significant impact globally in terms of social and economic costs. Increasing access to and uptake of mental health interventions (particularly by men) remains a challenge for service providers. The current study sought to examine the efficacy of a delivering a Stress Control intervention in partnership with a community sporting organisation (the Gaelic Athletic Assocaition, GAA) in ameliorating mental health difficulties in a general population. Measures of anxiety, depression and quality of life were administered before and after the delivery of the 6-week programme. A focus group was conducted afterwards to gather qualitative data on participants’ experiences of the intervention. Statistically significant decreases in depression scores were found following attendance at the course: t (94) = 3.14, p = .002, with a large effect size (0.5) (n = 95). There was an increase in the number of male attendees compared with clinic-based courses. Thematic analysis of the focus group data revealed a number of key themes including increased accessibility in terms of the scale and context of the delivery of the course. Delivering large-scale psychoeducational courses like Stress Control in partnership with the GAA represents a promising avenue for increasing access (for males in particular) to an effective intervention for improving mental health outcomes

Key learning aims

(1)
To gain an understanding of the impact of delivering a large-scale psychological intervention in partnership with a community sports organisation on accessibility and stigma reduction for participants.

(2)
To become aware of the potential benefits of considering non-clinic-based locations in running public mental health interventions.

(3)
To understand the key role of the normalisation of the experience of common mental health problems and the impact on intervention uptake.
¡A LaHuelga!Secondary Students, School Strikes, and the Power of Educational Activism in 1970s Nicaragua
Authors: Rueda Claudia 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe year 1976 was a violent one in Nicaragua. In an effort to quash the Sandinista guerrillas, the dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle had declared a state of siege, suspending constitutional guarantees, muzzling the press, and unleashing the Guardia Nacional. Despite the dangers of dissent, thousands of students across the country walked off their secondary school campuses that year to protest poor funding, inept teachers, and oppressive administrators. This article examines this series of strikes to uncover the ways in which teenagers managed to organize their schools and communities in spite of the repression that marked the final years of the Somoza regime. Analyzing student documents, Ministry of Education records, and newspaper reports, this article argues that in the context of a decades-long dictatorship, student demands for more democratic schools opened a relatively safe pathway for cross-generational activism that forced concessions from the Somoza regime. By the 1970s, secondary schools had come to reflect the state's authoritarianism and mismanagement, and widespread educational deficiencies brought students and parents together in a joint project to demand better schools. Battles over the quality of education, thus, showcased the power of an organized citizenry and laid the groundwork for the revolutionary mobilizations that were to come.