bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymeric Nanoparticles with Neglectable Protein Corona
Authors: Alberg Irina , Kramer Stefan , Schinnerer Meike , Hu Qizhi , Seidl Christine , Leps Christian , Drude Natascha , Möckel Diana , Rijcken Cristianne , Lammers Twan , Diken Mustafa , Maskos Michael , Morsbach Svenja , Landfester Katharina , Tenzer Stefan , Barz Matthias , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe current understanding of nanoparticle–protein interactions indicates that they rapidly adsorb proteins upon introduction into a living organism. The formed protein corona determines thereafter identity and fate of nanoparticles in the body. The present study evaluates the protein affinity of three core‐crosslinked polymeric nanoparticles with long circulation times, differing in the hydrophilic polymer material forming the particle surface, namely poly(N‐2‐hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) (pHPMA), polysarcosine (pSar), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). This includes the nanotherapeutic CPC634, which is currently in clinical phase II evaluation. To investigate possible protein corona formation, the nanoparticles are incubated in human blood plasma and separated by asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation (AF4). Notably, light scattering shows no detectable differences in particle size or polydispersity upon incubation with plasma for all nanoparticles, while in gel electrophoresis, minor amounts of proteins can be detected in the particle fraction. Label‐free quantitative proteomics is additionally applied to analyze and quantify the composition of the proteins. It proves that some proteins are enriched, but their concentration is significantly less than one protein per particle. Thus, most of the nanoparticles are not associated with any proteins. Therefore, this work underlines that polymeric nanoparticles can be synthesized, for which a protein corona formation does not take place.
Application of ultrasound‐based radiomics technology in fetal‐lung‐texture analysis in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes and/or pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Du Y. , Fang Z. , Jiao J. , Xi G. , Zhu C. , Ren Y. , Guo Y. , Wang Y. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo analyze and compare, using ultrasound‐based radiomics technology, fetal‐lung texture in pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and/or pre‐eclampsia (PE) and in normal pregnancies, overall and at different gestational ages.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 430 high‐throughput features per fetal‐lung image were extracted from 548 fetal‐lung ultrasound images (obtained at the level of the four‐chamber view of the heart) in 548 pregnant women who delivered between July 2018 and August 2019 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. Images had been obtained during ultrasound examinations between 28 and 41 weeks of gestation. The data were divided randomly into training set (80% of fetal‐lung images) and independent test set (20% of images), and 20% of the images in the training set were then selected as the validation set. A standard machine‐learning model based on ultrasound‐based radiomics technology was created using features of fetal‐lung texture extracted from the images, and a regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between lung‐texture features, GDM and/or PE and gestational age.ResultsOf the 548 pregnancies included, 108 were affected by GDM alone, 71 by PE alone and 25 by both GDM and PE, and 344 were normal. The overall performance of the GDM and PE prediction model was superior to that of the gestational‐age prediction model, with an area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve of 0.95–0.99, sensitivity of 78.8–97.1% in the validation set and 74.5–91.3% in the independent test set, specificity of 79.8–94.3% in the validation set and 75.7–88.4% in the independent test set and accuracy of 81.0–95.3% in the validation set and 80.6–86.4% in the independent test set.ConclusionsUsing ultrasound‐based radiomics technology, fetal lungs from pregnancies grouped according to whether they were affected by GDM and/or PE could be distinguished from each other and from fetal lungs of normal pregnancies, and lungs from pregnancies at different gestational ages could be distinguished. These findings support further research to explore the use of this non‐invasive technology to predict neonatal respiratory complications in women with PE, GDM or their combination. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
On the Representation of Fields as Finite Sums of Proper Subfields
Authors: Kȩpczyk Marek , Mazurek Ryszard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study which fieldsFcan be represented as finite sums of proper subfields. We prove that for any$$n \ge 2$$n≥2every fieldFof infinite transcendence degree over its prime subfield can be represented as an unshortenable sum ofnsubfields, and every rational function field$$F = K(x_1, \ldots , x_n)$$F=K(x1,…,xn)can be represented as an unshortenable sum of$$n + 1$$n+1subfields. We also show that no subfield of the algebraic closure of a finite field is a finite sum of proper subfields, and no finite extension of the field$${\mathbb {Q}}$$Qof rationals can be decomposed into a sum of two proper subfields.
Cortical presentation of language functions in patients after total laryngectomy: a fMRI study
Authors: Wypych Aleksandra , Wierzchowska Małgorzata , Burduk Paweł , Zawada Elżbieta , Nadolska Katarzyna , Serafin Zbigniew 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to use functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) to analyse the cortical presentation of selected language functions in patients after a total laryngectomy.

Methods
Eighteen patients after total laryngectomy treated with electrolarynx speech and 18 volunteers were included. The mean number of patients’ post-operative speech rehabilitation sessions was five (range of 3–8 sessions). Four paradigms were used, including noun generation, pseudoword reading, reading phrases with pseudowords, and nonliteral sign reproduction.

Results
In noun, the most significant difference between the groups was the stronger activation of both lingual gyri in the volunteers. Pseudoword reading resulted in stronger activations in patients than in volunteers in the lingual gyri, the right cerebellum, the right Broca’s area, and the right parietal operculum. Reading phrases with pseudowords involved different parts of the Brodmann area 40. During nonliteral sign reproduction, there was a stronger activation of the left Broca’s area in volunteers and a stronger activation of the left premotor cortex in patients.

Conclusion
This study provides evidence of altered cortical activation in response to language tasks in patients after a laryngectomy compared with healthy volunteers, which may be considered brain plasticity in response to a laryngectomy.
Recent Near-surface Temperature Trends in the Antarctic Peninsula from Observed, Reanalysis and Regional Climate Model Data
Authors: Bozkurt Deniz , Bromwich David H. , Carrasco Jorge , Hines Keith M. , Maureira Juan Carlos , Rondanelli Roberto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the recent near-surface temperature trends over the Antarctic Peninsula. We make use of available surface observations, ECMWF’s ERA5 and its predecessor ERA-Interim, as well as numerical simulations, allowing us to contrast different data sources. We use hindcast simulations performed with Polar-WRF over the Antarctic Peninsula on a nested domain configuration at 45 km (PWRF-45) and 15 km (PWRF-15) spatial resolutions for the period 1991-2015. In addition, we include hindcast simulations of KNMI-RACMO21P obtained from the CORDEX-Antarctica domain (~50 km) for further comparisons. Results show that there is a marked windward warming trend except during summer. This windward warming trend is particularly notable in the autumn season and likely to be associated with the recent deepening of the Amundsen/Bellingshausen Sea low and warm advection towards the Antarctic Peninsula. On the other hand, an overall summer cooling is characterized by the strengthening of the Weddell Sea low as well as an anticyclonic trend over the Amundsen Sea accompanied by northward winds. The persistent cooling trend observed at the Larsen Ice Shelf station is not captured by ERA-Interim, whereas hindcast simulations indicate that there is a clear pattern of windward warming and leeward cooling. Furthermore, larger temporal correlations and lower differences exhibited by PWRF-15 illustrate the existence of the added value in the higher spatial resolution simulation.
Implementing structured team debriefing using a Black Box in the operating room: surveying team satisfaction
Authors: van Dalen A. S. H. M. , Jansen M. , van Haperen M. , van Dieren S. , Buskens C. J. , Nieveen van Dijkum E. J. M. , Bemelman W. A. , Grantcharov T. P. , Schijven M. P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Surgical safety may be improved using a medical data recorder (MDR) for the purpose of postoperative team debriefing. It provides the team in the operating room (OR) with the opportunity to look back upon their joint performance objectively to discuss and learn from suboptimal situations or possible adverse events. The aim of this study was to investigate the satisfaction of the OR team using an MDR, the OR Black Box®, in the OR as a tool providing output for structured team debriefing.

Methods
In this longitudinal survey study, 35 gastro-intestinal laparoscopic operations were recorded using the OR Black Box® and the output was subsequently debriefed with the operating team. Prior to study, a privacy impact assessment was conducted to ensure alignment with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. A structured debrief model and an OR Back Box® performance report was developed. A standardized survey was used to measure participant’s satisfaction with the team debriefing, the debrief model used and the performance report. Factor analysis was performed to assess the questionnaire’s quality and identified contributing satisfaction factors. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify variables associated with participants’ opinions.

Results
In total, 81 team members of various disciplines in the OR participated, comprising 35 laparoscopic procedures. Mean satisfaction with the OR Black Box® performance report and team debriefing was high for all 3 identified independent satisfaction factors. Of all participants, 98% recommend using the OR Black Box® and the outcome report in team debriefing.

Conclusion
The use of an MDR in the OR for the purpose of team debriefing is considered to be both beneficial and important. Team debriefing using the OR Black Box® outcome report is highly recommended by 98% of team members participating.
The impact of intra-abdominal pressure on perioperative outcomes in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Raval Amit D. , Deshpande Sohan , Koufopoulou Maria , Rabar Silvia , Neupane Binod , Iheanacho Ike , Bash Lori D. , Horrow Jay , Fuchs-Buder Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy involves using intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) to facilitate adequate surgical conditions. However, there is no consensus on optimal IAP levels to improve surgical outcomes. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine outcomes of low, standard, and high IAP among adults undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods
An electronic database search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared outcomes of low, standard, and high IAP among adults undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was used to conduct pairwise meta-analyses and indirect treatment comparisons of the levels of IAP assessed across trials.

Results
The SLR and NMA included 22 studies. Compared with standard IAP, on a scale of 0 (no pain at all) to 10 (worst imaginable pain), low IAP was associated with significantly lower overall pain scores at 24 h (mean difference [MD]: − 0.70; 95% credible interval [CrI]: − 1.26, − 0.13) and reduced risk of shoulder pain 24 h (odds ratio [OR] 0.24; 95% CrI 0.12, 0.48) and 72 h post-surgery (OR 0.22; 95% CrI 0.07, 0.65). Hospital stay was shorter with low IAP (MD: − 0.14 days; 95% CrI − 0.30, − 0.01). High IAP was not associated with a significant difference for these outcomes when compared with standard or low IAP. No significant differences were found between the IAP levels regarding need for conversion to open surgery; post-operative acute bleeding, pain at 72 h, nausea, and vomiting; and duration of surgery.

Conclusions
Our study of published trials indicates that using low, as opposed to standard, IAP during laparoscopic cholecystectomy may reduce patients’ post-operative pain, including shoulder pain, and length of hospital stay. Heterogeneity in the pooled estimates and high risk of bias of the included trials suggest the need for high-quality, adequately powered RCTs to confirm these findings.
Correction to: Knock-on effect of periodontitis to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease?
Authors: Leblhuber Friedrich , Huemer Julia , Steiner Kostja , Gostner Johanna M. , Fuchs Dietmar 
Published: April 2020

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. There was an error in Fig. 2. The original article has been corrected. We apologize for the mistake.The correct Fig. 2 is given …
Why do anti-inflammatory signals of bone marrow-derived stromal cells improve neurodegenerative conditions where anti-inflammatory drugs fail?
Authors: de Munter J. P. J. M. , Mey J. , Strekalova T. , Kramer B. W. , Wolters E. Ch. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNeurodegenerative disorders share the final degenerative pathway, the inflammation-induced apoptosis and/or necrosis, irrespective of their etiology, be it of acute and chronic traumatic, vascular and idiopathic origin. Although disease-modifying strategies are an unmet need in these disorders, lately, (pre)clinical studies suggested favorable effects after an intervention with bone marrow-derived stromal cells (bm-SC). Recent interventions with intrathecal transplantation of these cells in preclinical rodent models improved the functional outcome and reduced the inflammation, but not anti-inflammatory drugs. The benefit of bm-SCs was demonstrated in rats with an acute (traumatic spinal cord injury, tSCI) and in mice with a chronic [amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-like FUS 1-358 or SOD1-G93-A mutation] neurodegenerative process. Bm-SCs, were found to modify underlying disease processes, to reduce final clinical SCI-related outcome, and to slow down ALS-like clinical progression. After double-blind interventions with bm-SC transplantations, Vehicle (placebo), and (non)steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Methylprednisolone, Riluzole, Celecoxib), clinical, histological and histochemical findings, serum/spinal cytokines, markers for spinal microglial activation inclusive, evidenced the cell-to-cell action of bm-SCs in both otherwise healthy and immune-deficient tSCI-rats, as well as wild-type and FUS/SOD1-transgenic ALS-like mice. The multi-pathway hypothesis of the cell-to-cell action of bmSCs, presumably using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as carriers of messages in the form of RNAs, DNA, proteins, and lipids rather than influencing a single inflammatory pathway, could be justified by the reported differences of cytokines and other chemokines in the serum and spinal tissue. The mode of action of bm-SCs is hypothesized to be associated with its dedicated adjustment of the pro-apoptotic glycogen synthase kinase-3β level towards an anti-apoptotic level whereas their multi-pathway hypothesis seems to be confirmed by the decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as well as the level of the marker of activated microglia, ionized calcium binding adapter (Iba)-1 level.
The Role of Institutional Uncertainty for Social Sustainability of Companies and Supply Chains
Authors: Kelling Nikolas K. , Sauer Philipp C. , Gold Stefan , Seuring Stefan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlobal sourcing largely occurs from so-called emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). In these contexts, substantial leverage effects for sustainability in supply chains (SCs) can be expected by reducing adverse impacts on society and minimising related risks. For this ethical end, an adequate understanding of the respective sourcing contexts is fundamental. This case study of South Africa’s (SA) mining sector uses institutional theory and the notion of institutional uncertainty to empirically analyse the challenges associated with establishing social sustainability. The case study research is informed by 39 semi-structured interviews with top management representatives and various state and non-state decision makers in SA. Our findings suggest that (social) sustainability in the institutional field is mainly shaped by the Social and Labour Plan institution, induced by state actors and mining companies’ practices. However, four weakening factors were identified that adversely affect this regulative institution, drive institutional uncertainty and allow for mining companies’ gradual decoupling. Contrastingly, complementing pressures of non-state actors limit institutional uncertainty and push toward mainstreaming the stipulations of the institution. This study contributes to the business ethics literature by providing an in-depth exploration of institutional uncertainty’s drivers and barriers within an upstream SC setting and shedding light on multiple actors’ interplay and relevance in sector-wide sustainability. The findings are condensed into three main propositions as well as an analytical framework as a basis for follow-up research. This case study helps practitioners understand and manage complexity that results from actor plurality and institutional uncertainty in EMDEs.
Impact Ionization Induced by Terahertz Radiation in HgTe Quantum Wells of Critical Thickness
Authors: Hubmann S. , Budkin G.V. , Urban M. , Bel’kov V.V. , Dmitriev A.P. , Ziegler J. , Kozlov D.A. , Mikhailov N.N. , Dvoretsky S.A. , Kvon Z.D. , Weiss D. , Ganichev S.D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report on the observation of terahertz (THz) radiation induced band-to-band impact ionization in HgTe quantum well (QW) structures of critical thickness, which are characterized by a nearly linear energy dispersion. The THz electric field drives the carriers initializing electron-hole pair generation. The carrier multiplication is observed for photon energies less than the energy gap under the condition that the product of the radiation angular frequency ω and momentum relaxation time τl larger than unity. In this case, the charge carriers acquire high energies solely because of collisions in the presence of a high-frequency electric field. The developed microscopic theory shows that the probability of the light-induced impact ionization is proportional to $\exp (-{E_{0}^{2}}/E^{2})$
exp
(
−

E

0

2

/

E

2

)
, with the radiation electric field amplitude E and the characteristic field parameter E0. As observed in experiment, it exhibits a strong frequency dependence for ωτ ≫ 1 characterized by the characteristic field E0 linearly increasing with the radiation frequency ω.
Ecology, growth and management of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a non-native species integrated into European forests
Authors: Nicolescu Valeriu-Norocel , Rédei Károly , Mason William L. , Vor Torsten , Pöetzelsberger Elisabeth , Bastien Jean-Charles , Brus Robert , Benčať Tibor , Đodan Martina , Cvjetkovic Branislav , Andrašev Siniša , La Porta Nicola , Lavnyy Vasyl , Mandžukovski Dejan , Petkova Krasimira , Roženbergar Dušan , Wąsik Radosław , Mohren Godefridus M. J. , Monteverdi Maria Cristina , Musch Brigitte , Klisz Marcin , Perić Sanja , Keça Ljiljana , Bartlett Debbie , Hernea Cornelia , Pástor Michal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBlack locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a species native to the eastern North America, was introduced to Europe probably in 1601 and currently extends over 2.3 × 106 ha. It has become naturalized in all sub-Mediterranean and temperate regions rivaling Populus spp. as the second most planted broadleaved tree species worldwide after Eucalyptus spp. This wide-spreading planting is because black locust is an important multipurpose species, producing wood, fodder, and a source of honey as well as bio-oil and biomass. It is also important for carbon sequestration, soil stabilization and re-vegetation of landfills, mining areas and wastelands, in biotherapy and landscaping. In Europe, black locust is drought tolerant so grows in areas with annual precipitation as low as 500–550 mm. It tolerates dry, nutrient poor soils but grows best on deep, nutrient-rich, well-drained soils. It is a fast-growing tree and the height, diameter and volume growth peak before the age of 20. It mostly regenerates vegetatively by root suckers under a simple coppice system, which is considered the most cost-effective management system. It also regenerates, but less frequently, by stool sprouts. Its early silviculture in production forests includes release cutting to promote root suckers rather than stool shoots, and cleaning-respacing to remove low-quality stems, reduce the number of shoots per stool, and adjust spacing between root suckers. In addition, early, moderate and frequent thinning as well as limited pruning are carried out focusing on crop trees. The species is regarded as invasive in several European countries and its range here is expected to expand under predicted climate changes.
2D Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets and Their Derivatives Toward Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Lu Xueyi , Xue Hairong , Gong Hao , Bai Mingjun , Tang Daiming , Ma Renzhi , Sasaki Takayoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) have attracted tremendous research interest in widely spreading applications. Most notably, transition-metal-bearing LDHs are expected to serve as highly active electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their layered structure combined with versatile compositions. Furthermore, reducing the thickness of platelet LDH crystals to nanometer or even molecular scale via cleavage or delamination provides an important clue to enhance the activity. In this review, recent progresses on rational design of LDH nanosheets are reviewed, including direct synthesis via traditional coprecipitation, homogeneous precipitation, and newly developed topochemical oxidation as well as chemical exfoliation of parent LDH crystals. In addition, diverse strategies are introduced to modulate their electrochemical activity by tuning the composition of host metal cations and intercalated counter-anions, and incorporating dopants, cavities, and single atoms. In particular, hybridizing LDHs with conductive components or in situ growing them on conductive substrates to produce freestanding electrodes can further enhance their intrinsic catalytic activity. A brief discussion on future research directions and prospects is also summarized.