bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-standard situation detection in smart water metering
Authors: Kainz O. , Karpiel E. , Petija R. , Michalko M. , Jakab F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper an algorithm for detection of nonstandard situations in smart water metering based on machine learning is designed. The main categories for nonstandard situation or anomaly detection and two common methods for anomaly detection are analyzed. The proposed solution needs to fit the requirements for correct, efficient and real-time detection of non-standard situations in actual water consumption with minimal required consumer intervention to its operation. Moreover, a proposal to extend the original hardware solution is described and implemented to accommodate the needs of the detection algorithm. The final implemented and tested solution evaluates anomalies in water consumption for a given time in specific day and month using machine learning with a semi-supervised approach.
Weak Berge Equilibrium in Finite Three-person Games: Conception and Computation
Authors: Kudryavtsev Konstantin , Malkov Ustav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper proposes the concept of a weak Berge equilibrium. Unlike the Berge equilibrium, the moral basis of this equilibrium is the Hippocratic Oath “First do no harm”. On the other hand, any Berge equilibrium is a weak Berge equilibrium. But, there are weak Berge equilibria, which are not the Berge equilibria. The properties of the weak Berge equilibrium have been investigated. The existence of the weak Berge equilibrium in mixed strategies has been established for finite games. The weak Berge equilibria for finite three-person non-cooperative games are computed.
Biochip-based approach for comprehensive pharmacogenetic testing
Authors: Ikonnikova Anna Yu. , Filippova Marina A. , Surzhikov Sergey A. , Pozhitnova Victoria O. , Kazakov Ruslan E. , Lisitsa Tatiana S. , Belkov Sergey A. , Nasedkina Tatiana V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Individual sensitivity to many widely used drugs is significantly associated with genetic factors. The purpose of our work was to develop an instrument for simultaneous determination of the most clinically relevant pharmacogenetic markers to allow personalized treatment, mainly in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Methods
Multiplex one-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by hybridization on a low-density biochip was applied to interrogate 15 polymorphisms in the following eight genes: VKORC1 –1639 G>A, CYP4F2 1297 G>A, GGCX 2374 C>G, CYP2C9 *2,*3 (430 C>T, 1075 A>C), CYP2D6 *3,*4, *6, *9, *41 (2549delA, 1846 G>A, 1707delT, 2615_2617delAAG, 2988 G>A), CYP2C19 *2,*3,*17 (681 G>A, 636 G>A, −806 C>T), ABCB1 (3435 C>T), SLCO1B1 *5.

Results
Two hundred nineteen patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and 48 female patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC) were genotyped. Of the 219 CVD patients, 203 (92.7%) carried one or more actionable at-risk genotypes based on VKORC1/CYP2C9, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, SLCO1B1, and CYP2D6 genotypes. Among them, 67 patients (30.6%) carried one, 58 patients (26.5%) carried two, 51 patients (23.3%) carried three, 26 patients (11.9%) carried four, and one patient (0.4%) carried five risk actionable genotypes. In the ER-positive BC group 12 patients (25%) were CYP2D6 intermediate or poor metabolizers.

Conclusions
The developed biochip is applicable for rapid and robust genotyping of patients who were taking a wide spectrum of medications to optimize drugs and dosage and avoid adverse drug reactions in cardiology, oncology, psychiatry, rheumatology and gastroenterology.
Application of laser scanning technology for structure gauge measurement
Authors: Strach Michal , Grabias Przemyslaw 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the basic conditions guaranteeing safe and collision-free operation of rail vehicles is maintaining the structure gauge. Verification of the location of rail infrastructure components is carried out using various measurement techniques. This article describes the accuracy of the gauge measurement with the use of a scanning tachymeter. Tachymetric measurements and laser scanning technology were used in the experimental study of the tram loop area. The analysis covered the possibility of using a point cloud to determine geometrical relationships among the track, traction poles and the overhead line. The quality of the laser scanning data in terms of the measurement frequency, the laser beam angle of incidence per object and the average reflection intensity was examined. Performed verification was based on the data from tachymetric measurements. In the tested area, the track consists of straight sections and several circular arcs of small radii and variable curvature. The specific geometry of the track required calculation of the gauge extension parameters depending on the curve radius. In addition, a horizontal track alignment design was prepared. The designed location of the track and extended dimensions of the structure gauge were used to verify the correct spatial position of the current track in relation to the infrastructure elements.
The modified Blumgart anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a retrospective single center cohort study
Authors: Kalev Georgi , Marquardt Christoph , Matzke Herbert , Matovu Paul , Schiedeck Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a major complication after pancreatic head resection whereby the technique of the anastomosis is a very influencing factor. The literature describes a possible protective role of the Blumgart anastomosis.

Methods
Patients after pancreatic head resection with reconstruction through the modified Blumgart anastomosis (a 2 row pancreatic anastomosis through mattress sutures of the parenchyma and duct to mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy, Blumgart-group) were compared with patients after pancreatic head resection and reconstruction through the conventional pancreatojejunostomy (single suture technique of capsule and parenchyma to seromuscularis, PJ-group). The Data were collected retrospectively. Depending on the propensity score matching in a ratio of 1:2 comparison groups were set up. Blumgart-group (n=29) and PJ-group (n=56). The primary end point was the rate of POPF. Secondary goals were duration of operation, length of hospital stay, length of stay on intermediate care units and hospital mortality.

Results
The rate of POPF (biochemical leak, POPF “grade B” and POPF “grade C”) was less in the Blumgart-group, but without statistical relevance (p=0.23). Significantly less was the rate of POPF “grade C” in the Blumgart-group (p=0.03). Regarding the duration of hospital stay, length of stay on intermediate care units and hospital mortality, there was no relevant statistical difference between the groups (p=0.1; p=0.4; p=0.7). The duration of the operation was significantly less in the Blumgart-group (p=0.001).

Conclusions
The modified Blumgart anastomosis technique may have the potential to decrease major postoperative pancreatic fistula.
Inhibition of key enzymes linked to snake venom induced local tissue damage by kolaviron
Authors: Okafor Azubuike Ikechukwu , Onyike Elewechi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Snakebite envenoming is an important public health problem that threatens the lives of healthy individuals especially in many tropical countries like Nigeria. Antivenins, the only efficient approach for snakebite envenoming, are limited in their efficacy in the neutralization of local tissue damage. Snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2), protease, hyaluronidase and l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) are the major hydrolytic enzymes involve in local tissue damage. Therefore, this study evaluates the inhibitory effect of kolaviron (KV) against Naja n. nigricollis (NNN) snake venom hydrolytic enzymes involved in local tissue damage.

Methods
Kolaviron was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the hydrolytic enzyme activities of NNN venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2), protease, hyaluronidase and l-amino acid oxidase (LAAO). Present study also deals with the neutralization of NNN venom enzyme(s) induced complications such as myotoxic, edemic, hemolytic and procoagulant effects.

Results
Kolaviron inhibited the PLA2, protease, hyaluronidase and LAAO enzyme activities of NNN venom in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, myotoxic, edemic, hemolytic and procoagulant effects induced by NNN venom enzyme were neutralized significantly (p<0.05) when different doses of KV were pre-incubated with venom before assays.

Conclusions
These findings clearly present kolaviron as a potent inhibitor against NNN venom hydrolytic enzymes involved in local tissue damage and may act by either forming an inhibitor-enzyme complex that restricts the substrate availability to the enzyme or direct binding to the enzyme active site that affects the enzyme activity thereby mitigating venom-induced toxicity.
Relationship of acanthosis nigricans with metabolic syndrome in obese children
Authors: Daye Munise , Selver Eklioglu Beray , Atabek Mehmet Emre 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Acanthosis nigricans is a skin symptom in obesity that helps to identify patients at high risk for dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and diabetes. It is the most important complication of obesity in metabolic syndrome. Studies investigating the relationship between acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome in obese children are insufficient. In our study, the relationship of acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome was evaluated in children.

Methods
Obese children aged between 6 and 18 years old, who were examined in the pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic, were included. The patients’ anthropometric measurements and laboratory results were recorded. Modified IDF (International Diabetes Federation) criteria for children were used in metabolic syndrome classification.

Results
A hundred and forty-eight obese children were evaluated. The mean age of the cases was 11.91 ± 2.94 years old. Of the cases, 56.1% were female (n=83) 43.9% (n=65) were male. In 39.9% (n=59) of cases, acanthosis nigricans was determined. Acanthosis nigricans was mostly located in the axillary area (27.1%) and the neck (16.9%). In 55.9% of the cases, it was located in more than one area. The relation of regionally detected acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome was not significant (p=0.291). Metabolic syndrome was detected in 14% of 136 patients according to IDF criteria. Acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome combination was present in 27.7%; however, 6.7% of the metabolic syndrome patients did not have acanthosis nigricans. There was a strong relation between metabolic syndrome and the presence of acanthosis nigricans (p=0.003).

Conclusions
In our study, a correlation between acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome was detected. Acanthosis nigricans is a skin sign that can be easily detected by clinician. It is an important and easy-to-detect dermatosis that helps determine patients at risk of metabolic syndrome in obese children.
Actualized Redemption in the Thought of Franz Rosenzweig and Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik
Authors: Fisher Cass 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Redemption in Judaism is typically thought of as an historical and eschatological category: God has redeemed Israel in the past and will do so again in the future. Although this dipolar understanding of redemption has been dominant in Judaism, forms of actualized redemption have also found expression in which Jews, either individually or communally, secure a positive redemptive status in the present. This article focuses on the peculiar fact that Franz Rosenzweig and Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik both include an actualized component within their theories of redemption. After brief consideration of Kierkegaard as a potential source for their accounts of actualized redemption, I explore how actualized redemption fits into Rosenzweig’s and Soloveitchik’s larger thought and consider their philosophical and theological motivations for conceiving of redemption as achievable. In the concluding section of the paper, I critique Rosenzweig’s and Solovetchik’s accounts of actualized redemption and suggest that Abraham Joshua Heschel’s and Eliezer Berkovits’ alternative theological anthropologies that emphasize the cultivation of holiness circumvent some of the problems I associate with actualized redemption.
Fabrication and charge storage capacitance of PPY/TiO2/PPY jacket nanotube array
Authors: Xie Yibing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A PPY/TiO2/PPY jacket nanotube array was fabricated by coating PPY layer on the external and internal surface of a tube wall-separated TiO2 nanotube array. It shows coaxial triple-walled nanotube structure with two PPY nanotube layers sandwiching one TiO2 nanotube layer. PPY/TiO2/PPY reveals much higher current response than TiO2. The theoretical calculation indicates PPY/TiO2/PPY reveals higher density of states and lower band gap, accordingly presenting higher conductivity and electroactivity, which is consistent with the experimental result of a higher current response. The electroactivity is highly enhanced in H2SO4 rather than Na2SO4 electrolyte due to feasible pronation process of PPY in an acidic solution. PPY/TiO2/PPY could conduct the redox reaction in H2SO4 electrolyte which involves the reversible protonation/deprotonation and HSO4
− doping/dedoping process and accordingly contributes to Faradaic pseudocapacitance. The specific capacitance is highly enhanced from 1.7 mF cm−2 of TiO2 to 123.4 mF cm−2 of PPY/TiO2/PPY at 0.1 mA cm−2 in H2SO4 electrolyte. The capacitance also declines from 123.4 to 31.7 mF cm−2 when the current density increases from 0.1 to 1 mA cm−2, presenting the rate capacitance retention of 26.7% due to the semiconductivity of TiO2. A PPY/TiO2/PPY jacket nanotube with high charge storage capacitance is regarded as a promising supercapacitor electrode material.
Levels of growth factors in the lungs affected by cancer with preventive effect of 1,3-diethylbenzimidazolium triiodide in the experiment
Authors: Frantsiyants E. M. , Kaplieva I. V. , Trepitaki L. K. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study. Analyzing the dynamics of VEGF-А, TGF-β and their receptors in the lung tissues in rats with antitumor effect of 1,3-diethylbenzimidazolium triiodide (Stellanin).Material and methods. The study included white outbred rats weighing 180–220 g. The main group included males (n=27) and females (n=27) with sarcoma 45 (s45) inoculated into the subclavian vein but not developed in the lungs (2×106 cells in 0.5 ml of saline) due to the subsequent intragastric administration of Stellanin (0.4 mg/kg once a day) according to an intermittent scheme: administration for 5 days and a break for 2 days. The control group included males (n=14) and females (n=14) without treatment with growing s45 in the lungs. Intact groups included 5 males and 5 females. After 4, 5 and 8 weeks of the experiment animals were decapitated, and levels of VEGF-A, sVEGF-R1, sVEGF-R2, TGF-β and sTGFβR2 were measured in 10% lung homogenates by ELISA (CUSABIO BIOTECH Co., Ltd., China).Results. Lung tissues of intact females showed 1.4 times (p<0.05) lower VEGF-А and 3.3 times higher sVEGF-R1, compared to males. The development of tumors in all control rats was accompanied by the VEGF-А increase (by 1.6–3.0 times) and the TGF-β reduction (by 3 times). The dynamics of both VEGF receptors differed in males and females. The levels of sVEGF-R1 in males increased by 1.5 times (p<0.05), while in females it decreased by 1.8 times (p<0.05), and as a result, the levels became similar in all animals. The levels of sVEGF-R2 in males decreased by 2 times, and in females it increased by 1.4 times (p<0.05), so the sVEGF-R2 content in females became 2.4 times higher than in males. In two-thirds of rats, Stellanin prevented s45 development in the lungs due to inhibition of VEGF-A growth by more than 2.0 times and an increase in concentrations of sVEGF-R1 by 10.0 times and TGF-β by 6.0 times, together with normalization of sVEGF-R2 and sTGFβR2.Conclusions. Stellanin prevents the development of malignant process in the lungs by inhibiting neoangiogenesis (deficiency of VEGF-A and excess of sVEGF-R1) and suppressing the proliferation of malignant cells (TGF-β growth).
Optimum technique of carotid artery reconstruction in her atherosclerotic lesion
Authors: Akhmetov V. V. , Dunaeva V. I. , Vryganov F. A. , Ordynets S. V. , Dudano I. P. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study.Was to compare the early and long-term results of different variants of the classical KEAE.Materials and methods.In a retrospective study, we collected data on 1.242 patients who trans- ferred KEA from January 2011 to December 2019, using a patch was performed in 239 cases in 1003 — primary suture closure. We used 3 methods of arteriotomy closure with the use of a patch. There were 848 men and 394 women, the average age was 63.16 years, all of them were sympto- matic. Most patients had a transient disorder (49.2%) or ischemic stroke (50.8%). All patients had significant (moderate to severe) carotid stenosis. After the operation 5 (0.4%) patients had ischemic stroke, 1 (0.08%) had n. hypo-glossus damage, 3 (0.24%) had postoperative hematoma. The usual endarterectomy was performed without a shunt in all cases. All arteriotomies were mostly open. Early and late results of this procedure with a period of observation of at least 36 months were ana-lyzed: technical aspects of arteriotomy, features of restoration of the integrity of the vessel, changes in the "geometry" of the vessel, the use of zaplat. We studied the state of hemodynamics and complications in the early (30 days) and late postoperative period, the development of restenosis was compared between groups during the 36 months of observation. Results.When assessing the geometrical changes in the group with the patching, it was noted that the worst results were obtained using the technique with a U-shaped fixation suture on the distal part of the patch and the use of a wide patch. When using a narrow patch geometric changes in the width of the patch are the smallest. The main reason of the frequent geometrical changes in the dis-tal part of the patch was the patch wrapping inside the artery with the formation of a duplicate. The application of the modified technique of patch closure allowed to reduce the number of distortions in the operation area, to avoid the formation of artery stenoses in the place of patch imposition, to prevent changes in the bifurcation geometry of the internal carotid artery. The best results in the application of the primary edge suture were obtained by the method of closing the arteriotomy with the counter edge suture with the precision control of the application. The application of the U-shaped suture along the edges of the arteriotomy allowed avoiding deformations in this place. Con-trol of needle injection by means of straightening and lifting of the wall edge ensured absence of deformations in the suture.Conclusions.The post-CEAE closure technique affects the hemodynamic profile. Sewing patch-ing does not seem to create favorable flow dynamics. Consideration should be given to the elective use of the patch to improve disturbed flows. However, the linear precision suture remains the method of choice for suturing the arteriotomy.
Comparative study between transcervical extra-amniotic Foley’s bulb and prostaglandin E2 gel for pre-induction cervical ripening
Authors: Goswami Prajakta , Annaldewar Kapil , Giri Deepali , Giri Sachin 
Published: December 2020

Background: Induction of labor is an artificial initiation of uterine activity before the spontaneous onset of labor with the aim of achieving vaginal delivery. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods have been studied for the purpose.Methods: This randomized prospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Seth V. C. Gandhi & M. A. Vora Municipal General Hospital (Rajawadi Hospital), Mumbai from June 2019 to April 2020. It included pregnant patients admitted to the labor ward for induction of labor. A total 200 women were recruited and randomly allocated to the two study groups fulfilling the following selection criteria. Of these, 100 women were included in Foley's catheter group (group A) and 100 in (group B) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) group. Results: The subjects included mainly were of 24-28 years age group. The period of gestation was 37-42 weeks in majority of the women in both the groups. Maximum numbers of women in both groups were primigravidae, being 66% in group A and 70% in group B. Foley catheter proved to be a highly effective pre-induction ripening agent for unfavorable cervix, compared to PGE2 gel, as evident by the mean Bishop score at 12 hours (p<0.05) and by the difference in change of Bishop score over 12 hours (p<0.05) in both groups A and B. Women in both the groups had a high rate of normal vaginal delivery, rate being significantly more in Foley’s group.Conclusions: This study concludes that extra-amniotic Foley’s catheter balloon is an effective, safe, simple, low cost, reversible, non-pharmacological mechanical method of pre-induction cervical ripening.
The occurrence of various grades of diabetic retinopathy in patients with end stage renal disease in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Ramani Soumya , M Ramya 
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the severity of fundus findings in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in a tertiary hospital in South India. One hundred and forty eight eyes of 74 patients with ESRD were enrolled in the study after obtaining the informed consent. Complete history was taken, ocular examination including visual acuity and Intraocularpressure were recorded. Anterior segment examination using slit lamp bio microscopy, fundus examination using indirect ophthalmoscope and slit lamp biomicroscopy with 90 D lens were performed. Fundus photograph was captured. Data was analysed using SPSS v 25.0.0.0. In this study, 25% were females while 75% were males. 24% of the males had PDR while none of the females had PDR. Six percent of the males had mild to moderate NPDR, while 11% of females had mild to moderate NPDR.(P =0.043). Younger patients with end stage renal disease were found to have a higher propensity of having proliferative diabetic retinopathy (p=0.014). Patients who were undergoing dialysis for 5 years or more, had an incidence of PDR of 30%, while those undergoing dialysis for less than 5 years had an incidence of PDR of 15% (p= 0.468). Ten percent of those with 5 years or more of dialysis had mild-moderate NPDR, while 6.8% of those with less than 5 years of dialysis had mild-moderate NPDR. In our subset of patients, dialysis was performed either twice or thrice a week. Those with the former, had an incidence 10. 9% of PDR, while those with the latter had an incidence of 31.8% of PDR. (p=0.156). Patients who had undergone cataract surgery had a higher incidence of diabetic retinopathychanges, especially proliferative diabetic retinopathy (p=0.00). The presence and severity of retinopathy intimately associates with CKD progression among all diabetes patients with chronic kidney diseases. Routine follow-up and management of ocular and retinal disorders in CKD patients with diabetes would be important for aggressive management of diabetic retinopathy and prevention of CKD progression among these patients.
Copper-Zinc Battery’s Performance with Different Electrolytes
Authors: Li Jiaxuan 
Published: December 2020

<p>This research evaluates how different electrolytes affect the voltage output of a battery. As one of the few types of devices capable of storing electrical energy, batteries are extremely efficient and reliable. They are widely adopted in a great number of devices, hence they are important to our daily life. How to construct better batteries will always be one of the most crucial challenges of our developments in energy. In this research we tested two different salt solutions, NaCl solution and KOH solution, on a Cu-Zn cell to see which works better.</p>