bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the post-bureaucratic landscape: project managers’ perception of bureaucracy in European Union Cohesion policy projects
Authors: Vento Isak , Kuokkanen Kanerva 
Published: November 2020

New post-bureaucratic organizational forms, such as projects, are increasingly used in policy implementation. Their assumed benefits in decreasing bureaucracy and increasing flexibility have, however, been questioned. It has been argued that public projects increase red tape (or bureaucracy perceived as a nuisance) because of the formal rules associated with them. Despite the topicality of the subject, we do not know how public project bureaucracy is perceived by the actors involved. This article explores the bureaucracy of public projects by analysing project managers’ perceptions of them with data from European Union Cohesion policy projects in Finland. The data consist of project register data and a survey to project managers ( N = 728). The study finds that when talking of the perception of bureaucracy, it is relevant to distinguish between a general attitude towards bureaucracy and a specific perception of the task at hand. The general attitude seems more negative than the specific perception of bureaucracy. We also show that project managers’ experience, institutional background and share of administrative tasks in the project condition the extent to which bureaucracy is perceived as red tape. To conclude, the findings are discussed in relation to previous research on red tape in public administration. Points for practitioners Project organization connotes flexibility and innovation but involves also bureaucracy, which can be received as red tape, especially for inexperienced managers. In general, managers consider project bureaucracy as red tape, while in their own projects, bureaucracy is seen as less burdensome. Public managers have an advantage over managers from non-public organizations by perceiving public project bureaucracy as less burdensome.
Impact of haemolysis on vancomycin disposition in a full-term neonate treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Pokorná Pavla , Šíma Martin , Tibboel Dick , Slanař Ondřej 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a lifesaving support technology for potentially reversible neonatal cardiac and/or respiratory failure. Pharmacological consequences of ECMO-induced haemolysis in neonates are not well understood. Case report: We report a case report of a full-term neonate treated for congenital diaphragmatic hernia and sepsis with ECMO and with vancomycin. While the population elimination half-life of 7 h was estimated, fitting of the simulated population pharmacokinetic profile to truly observed drug concentration points resulted in the personalized value of 41 h. Discussion: The neonate developed ECMO-induced haemolysis with subsequent acute kidney injury resulting in prolonged drug elimination. Whole blood/serum ratio of 0.79 excluded possibility of direct increase of vancomycin serum concentration during haemolysis. Conclusion: Vancomycin elimination may be severely prolonged due to ECMO-induced haemolysis and acute kidney injury, while hypothesis of direct increase of vancomycin levels by releasing the drug from blood cells during haemolysis has been disproved.
Food and Nutrition Security Theory
Authors: Simelane Kwanele Siyabonga , Worth Steve 
Published: November 2020

Background: Food and nutrition insecurity continue to affect societies in both developed and developing countries even in years of bounty harvest. This confirms that availability of food does not automatically translate to food and nutrition security (FNS). Even when food is available it may not be accessible to everyone who needs it, and sometimes available and accessible food may not provide all the nutrients required to nourish the body to develop, grow, resist diseases, and meet ordinary physiological demands. Sometimes, food is plenty and accessible but not acceptable or sustainable. All such instances constitute potential food and (especially) nutrition insecurity. Objective: We intend to establish a theoretical framework for investigating food and nutrition security. Method: This is a theoretical paper drawing on previous publications within the scope of food security and nutrition security. Results: The review found that it is imperative to consider carefully the definition of FNS to ensure the two concepts (food security and nutrition security) are adequately and sufficiently addressed in the implementation of food policies and strategies without sacrificing one concept over the other. This balance can be achieved through a thorough needs assessment analysis following the livelihood and the vulnerability approaches to FNS. The analysis should take into account the four conceptual dimensions to FNS to holistically cover every aspect of FNS. Conclusions: The information gathered from the analysis will help prioritize and focus food and nutrition support efforts to the people who really need it, yielding impact measured in public health indicators, education, productivity and the broader national/regional economy.
Optic Neuritis During Lactation: A Case Series
Authors: Jeslin Johnson , Seetharaman C. , Shah Virna M. 
Published: November 2020

Background Optic neuritis is a rare condition that can lead to sudden blindness and also could be a precursor to multiple sclerosis. When it occurs postpartum during lactation, it is called lactation optic neuritis. Main issue We present four cases of optic neuritis in lactating mothers, two of which had additional features of demyelinating disease upon neurological imaging. Management All participants were treated with high dose intravenous steroids followed by 11 days of oral steroids, per the optic neuritis treatment trial, which led to complete recovery of vision. Two participants with demyelinating disease on magnetic resonance imaging scans were advised to wean, because of a need for immunosuppressive therapy later. Conclusion Optic neuritis during lactation should be suspected following acute loss of vision. Prompt referral to an ophthalmologist is mandated for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term co-morbidities.
Use of Holmium YAG laser in circumcision: a novel, less complicated and alternative procedure for adolescent
Authors: Huang Pei-Lin , Lee I-Ching , Tsai De-Chan , Tsai Jen-Ho , Tsai Vincent F. S. , Pong Yuan-Hung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Holmium YAG laser circumcision in adolescents.

Methods
Eighty-one patients underwent circumcision for medical reasons, and patients’ requests were collected retrospectively during February 2017 to February 2019. They were divided into two groups: Holmium YAG laser (group 1, n = 41) and conventional group (group 2, n = 40). The guillotine method with a Holmium YAG laser was applied for circumcisions, and all the procedures were performed by a single urologist who was well-experienced with circumcision practices.

Results
The average age of group 1 was 15.53 ± 7.35 years old, and the average age was 16.34 ± 9.22 years old in group 2. There was no significant difference in age and indications. The average operative time was significantly shorter in group 1 than in group 2 (24.40 ± 3.94 vs. 27.25 ± 4.35 min, p < 0.01). The estimated blood loss was less in group 1 compared to group 2. There were fewer complications in group 1 than in group 2 (3/41 vs. 10/40, p < 0.01) and patients also felt less pain in group 1 (p < 0.01). All patients tolerated this procedure without severe side effects.

Conclusions
The use of Holmium YAG laser in circumcision is a novel, less complicated, easy, and less painful alternative procedure for circumcision in young males.
Genomic analysis of worldwide sheep breeds reveals PDGFD as a major target of fat-tail selection in sheep
Authors: Dong Kunzhe , Yang Min , Han Jiangang , Ma Qing , Han Jilong , Song Ziyi , Luosang Cuicheng , Gorkhali Neena Amatya , Yang Bohui , He Xiaohong , Ma Yuehui , Jiang Lin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Fat tail is a unique trait in sheep acquired during domestication. Several genomic analyses have been conducted in sheep breeds from limited geographic origins to identify the genetic factors underlying this trait. Nevertheless, these studies obtained different candidates. The results of these regional studies were easily biased by the breed structures.

Results
To minimize the bias and distinguish the true candidates, we used an extended data set of 968 sheep representing 18 fat-tailed breeds and 14 thin-tailed breeds from around the world, and integrated two statistical tests to detect selection signatures, including Genetic Fixation Index (FST) and difference of derived allele frequency (ΔDAF). The results showed that platelet derived growth factor D (PDGFD) exhibited the highest genetic differentiation between fat- and thin-tailed sheep breeds. Analysis of sequence variation identified that a 6.8-kb region within the first intron of PDGFD is likely the target of positive selection and contains regulatory mutation(s) in fat-tailed sheep. Histological and gene expression analyses demonstrated that PDGFD expression is associated with maturation and hemostasis of adipocytes. Further retrospective analysis of public transcriptomic datasets revealed that PDGFD expression is down-regulated during adipogenesis in both human and mouse, and is higher in fat tissues of obese individuals than that in lean individuals.

Conclusions
These results reveal that PDGFD is the predominant factor for the fat tail phenotype in sheep by contributing to adiopogenesis and maintaining the hemostasis of mature adipocytes. This study provides insights into the selection of fat-tailed sheep and has important application to animal breeding, as well as obesity-related human diseases.
Depression-level assessment from multi-lingual conversational speech data using acoustic and text features
Authors: Demiroglu Cenk , Beşirli Aslı , Ozkanca Yasin , Çelik Selime 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDepression is a widespread mental health problem around the world with a significant burden on economies. Its early diagnosis and treatment are critical to reduce the costs and even save lives. One key aspect to achieve that goal is to use technology and monitor depression remotely and relatively inexpensively using automated agents. There has been numerous efforts to automatically assess depression levels using audiovisual features as well as text-analysis of conversational speech transcriptions. However, difficulty in data collection and the limited amounts of data available for research present challenges that are hampering the success of the algorithms. One of the two novel contributions in this paper is to exploit databases from multiple languages for acoustic feature selection. Since a large number of features can be extracted from speech, given the small amounts of training data available, effective data selection is critical for success. Our proposed multi-lingual method was effective at selecting better features than the baseline algorithms, which significantly improved the depression assessment accuracy. The second contribution of the paper is to extract text-based features for depression assessment and use a novel algorithm to fuse the text- and speech-based classifiers which further boosted the performance.
Moral diversification and moral agency: contesting business ethics among Chinese e-commerce traders
Authors: Qian Linliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScholarship on morality in contemporary Chinese society is divided. Some studies concur with the public discourse that a moral crisis is occurring. Others argue that there has been a continuity or revival of morality. By examining the divergent ethical trajectories of Chinese e-commerce traders in their business encounters, this study identifies more complicated moral states in these business people, who join a newly emerging industry but are undifferentiated from other ordinary Chinese people in terms of their political, social, and cultural backgrounds. The coexistence of moral, immoral, and morally divided personhoods indicates the diversification of the understandings and practices of morality in Chinese society. This article suggests that this diversification has roots in the moral agency of Chinese individuals, which comes into being in a relatively free space that has been created both by China’s changing sociopolitical structure and by people’s strategies and tactics in everyday life.
Acromegaly and thyroid cancer: analysis of evolution in a series of patients
Authors: Danilowicz Karina , Sosa Soledad , Gonzalez Pernas Mariana Soledad , Bamberger Elizabeth , Diez Sabrina Mara , Fainstein-Day Patricia , Furioso Alejandra , Glerean Mariela , Guitelman Mirtha , Katz Débora , Lemaitre Nicole , Lowenstein Alicia , del Valle Luna Mariela , Martínez María Paz , Miragaya Karina , Moncet Daniel , Ortuño María Victoria , Pignatta Analía , Ramacciotti Constanza Fernanda , Reyes Adriana , Rogozinski Amelia Susana , Slavinsky Patricia , Tkatch Julieta , Pitoia Fabián 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Acromegaly is associated with higher morbidity and mortality mainly due to cardiovascular disease. Data on the incidence and evolution of thyroid cancer in acromegaly are controversial. Our objective was to describe the characteristics of a group of acromegalic patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and analyze their evolution.

Methods
This is a retrospective multicenter study of 24 acromegalic patients with DTC. The AJCC Staging System 8th Edition was used for TNM staging, and the initial risk of recurrence (RR), initial response and response at the end of follow-up (RFU) were defined according to the 2015 ATA Guidelines. As a control group, 92 patients with DTC without acromegaly were randomly included. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS Statistics 20.0.

Results
Median age of patients at diagnosis of acromegaly was 49.5 years (range 12–69). The median delay in diagnosis of acromegaly was 3 years (range 0.5–23). Mean baseline IGF-1 level was 2.9 ± 1.1 ULN. Median age at DTC diagnosis was 51.5 years (18–69).
At the moment of diagnosis of DTC, 58.3% of the patients had active acromegaly. Median time from DTC diagnosis to acromegaly control was 1.25 years (0.5–7). Mean DTC tumor diameter of the biggest lesion was 14.6 ± 9.2 mm, being multifocal in 37.5%. All tumors were papillary carcinomas, two cases being of an aggressive variety. Lymph node dissection was performed in 8 out of 24 patients and 62.5% had metastases. Only one patient had distant metastases. Radioiodine ablation was given to 87.5% of patients. Nineteen patients (79%) were stage I, four (17%) stage II and one (4%) stage IVb.
Initial RR was low in 87% (21/24), intermediate in 9% (2/24) and high in 4% (1/24) patient. RFU was: 83% (19/23) patients with no evidence of disease, 9% (2/23) with indeterminate response, 4% (1/23) with biochemical incomplete response and 4% (1/23) with structural incomplete response, at a median time of FU of 36.5 months.
When comparing RFU between acromegalics and controls no statistically significant differences were found.

Conclusions
Patients with acromegaly and DTC mostly had a low initial RR. When compared with the control group, we found that DTC patients with acromegaly did not have a worse evolution.
Stem cell behaviors on periodic arrays of nanopillars analyzed by high-resolution scanning electron microscope images
Authors: Kang Jihun , Kang Eun-Hye , Yun Young-Shik , Ji Seungmuk , Yun In-Sik , Yeo Jong-Souk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe biocompatible polyurethane acrylate (PUA) nanopillars were fabricated by soft lithography using three different sizes of nanobeads (350, 500, and 1000 nm), and the human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were cultured on the nanopillars. The hASCs and their various behaviors, such as cytoplasmic projections, migration, and morphology, were observed by high resolution images using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). With the accurate analysis by SEM for the controlled sizes of nanopillars, the deflections are observed at pillars fabricated with 350- and 500-nm nanobeads. These high-resolution images could offer crucial information to elucidate the complicated correlations between nanopillars and the cells, such as morphology and cytoplasmic projections.
Results of total knee arthroplasty for painless, stiff knees
Authors: Choi Young-Joon , Seo Dong-Kyo , Lee Ki Won , Ra Ho Jong , Kang Hyun Wook , Kim Jin Kyung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundStiff knees, like completely ankylosed or arthrodesed knees, can be painless. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for these painless, stiff knees is technically demanding. However, it can correct the alignment and advance the range of motion to improve quality of life. So, we reviewed the preoperative and postoperative results of functional and pain scores, range of motion (ROM) and complications in painless, stiff knees treated by TKA.MethodsFifteen painless, stiff knees underwent TKA from January 1998 to January 2017. The mean follow-up period was 15.4 (2.4–22.2) years. All the knees were completely ankylosed or arthrodesed. Clinical outcome and complications were evaluated using medical record review, serial plan radiography, ROM assessment, Knee Society score (KSS), Knee Society function score (FS), and a visual analog scale for pain (VAS).ResultsAll patients were satisfied with their operated knees. Mean KSS and FS scores were improved from 36 and 50.9 to 76.9 and 67.2, respectively (P < 0.001 andP = 0.01). The mean ROM increased from 0º preoperatively to 77.6º (15–130) at the final follow-up (P < 0.001). The mean VAS had worsened from 0 preoperatively to 0.2 postoperatively, however it was not significant (P = 0.1). Major postoperative complications were reported in five of the knees (33.3%).ConclusionsThe results of TKA for painless, stiff knees were satisfactory with improved ROM and quality of life. Although some patients had mild pain and complications postoperatively, they were satisfied with the result. However, our study recommends that surgeons should consider the high rate of complications in the completely ankylosed or arthrodesed knees.Level of evidenceA retrospective case series, Level IV.
COVID-19 pandemic crisis—a complete outline of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Shaikh Sana Saffiruddin , Jose Anooja P. , Nerkar Disha Anil , Vijaykumar KV Midhuna , Shaikh Saquib Khaleel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19, a fatal disease emerged from Wuhan, a large city in the Chinese province of Hubei in December 2019.

Main body of abstract
The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic due to its spread to other countries inside and outside Asia. Initial confirmation of the pandemic shows patient exposure to the Huanan seafood market. Bats might be a significant host for the spread of coronaviruses via an unknown intermediate host. The human-to-human transfer has become a significant concern due to one of the significant reasons that is asymptomatic carriers or silent spreaders. No data is obtained regarding prophylactic treatment for COVID-19, although many clinical trials are underway.

Conclusion
The most effective weapon is prevention and precaution to avoid the spread of the pandemic. In this current review, we outline pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, ongoing clinical trials, prevention, and precautions. We have also highlighted the impact of pandemic worldwide and challenges that can help to overcome the fatal disease in the future.
Effectiveness of link workers providing social prescribing on health outcomes and costs for adult patients in primary care and community settings. A protocol for a systematic review of the literature.
Authors: Kiely Bridget , Croke Aisling , O'Shea Eamon , Connolly Deirdre , Smith Susan M. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:The use of link workers for social prescribing and health and social care coordination is increasing, but there is insufficient data to demonstrate their effectiveness or for whom they work best. Multimorbidity is increasing in prevalence and affects those living in deprived areas ten years earlier than affluent areas. This systematic review aims to examine the evidence for the effectiveness and costs of link workers in improving health outcomes. We will also look for evidence for the use of link workers specifically for people living with multimorbidity and in deprived areas.Methods:Databases of published and grey literature will be searched for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials examining use of link workers based in primary care for community dwelling adults compared to usual care. Primary outcomes will be health related quality of life and mental health. Data on costs will be extracted. Studies will be selected for inclusion by title and abstract review by two reviewers. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) flow diagram will document the selection process. A standardised form will be used to extract data. Data quality will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomised controlled trials, a narrative synthesis will be completed and the GRADE assessment tool used to comment on evidence quality. A meta-analysis of effect size of primary outcomes and subgroup analysis for multimorbidity and social deprivation will be performed if there are sufficient comparable data.Conclusion:This systematic review will give an important overview of the evidence for the use of link workers providing social prescribing and health and social care coordination in primary care. This will help inform intervention development and guide policy makers on whether these interventions are cost effective and which groups stand to benefit most.Prosperoregistration:CRD42019134737 (04/07/2019)
Look after your foundation doctors
Authors: Cutajar Jonathan , Cutajar Peter 
Published: November 2020

Background/aims This article reports on the career choice of foundation doctors going through a local foundation programme and whether they planned to take an F3 year. The authors also prospectively gathered views relating to their career choice and the need for an F3 year. Method Data were gathered from 193 foundation doctors training in Nottinghamshire between 2015 and 2020 through an unstructured interview process. Data were anonymised and used to learn about career pathway choices and whether they planned to take an F3 year option. Reasons for this pathway were also explored. Results Data showed that there was a steady increase in the proportion of trainees opting for F3 over time Conclusions The local picture in terms of trainees taking an F3 option reflects the national trend. Some trainees find foundation training a stressful time and so need to be offered support. The authors comment on the factors that make a career appealing to trainees.