bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the gas kinematics in SSA22 Lyman-α Blob 1 with radiative transfer modelling in a multiphase, clumpy medium
Authors: Li Zhihui , Steidel Charles C , Gronke Max , Chen Yuguang 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We present new observations of Lyman-α (Lyα) Blob 1 (LAB1) in the SSA22 protocluster region (z = 3.09) using the Keck Cosmic Web Imager and Keck Multi-object Spectrometer for Infrared Exploration. We have created a narrow-band Lyα image and identified several prominent features. By comparing the spatial distributions and intensities of Lyα and Hβ, we find that recombination of photo-ionized H i gas followed by resonant scattering is sufficient to explain all the observed Lyα/Hβ ratios. We further decode the spatially resolved Lyα profiles using both moment maps and radiative transfer modelling. By fitting a set of multiphase, ‘clumpy’ models to the observed Lyα profiles, we manage to reasonably constrain many parameters, namely the H i number density in the interclump medium (ICM), the cloud volume filling factor, the random velocity and outflow velocity of the clumps, the H i outflow velocity of the ICM, and the local systemic redshift. Our model has successfully reproduced the diverse Lyα morphologies, and the main results are: (1) the observed Lyα spectra require relatively few clumps per line of sight as they have significant fluxes at the line centre; (2) the velocity dispersion of the clumps yields a significant broadening of the spectra as observed; (3) the clump bulk outflow can also cause additional broadening if the H i in the ICM is optically thick; (4) and the H i in the ICM is responsible for the absorption feature close to the Lyα line centre.
Vicarious Responsibility and the Problem of ‘Too Much’: Moral Luck from the Perspective of Ordinary Ethics
Authors: Kuan Teresa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
This paper explores vicarious responsibility and circumstantial luck from a first-person perspective, drawing on ethnographic research on parenting in Reform Era China. The paper focuses on how informants drew boundaries between what they could and could not control in raising a child who might thrive in a hypercompetitive society. In doing so, the paper engages the question, “What kind of moral agent do we want?” by proposing that we also ask, “What kind of moral agent do we find?” In contrast to the hypothetical figure of a walled-off agent who must be convinced of the duty to take on responsibilities in a circumstance of moral luck, empirical research finds instead a vulnerable agent who has taken on ‘too much’.
Dual inhibition of DNA-PK and DNA polymerase theta overcomes radiation resistance induced by p53 deficiency
Authors: Kumar Rashmi J , Chao Hui Xiao , Simpson Dennis A , Feng Wanjuan , Cho Min-Guk , Roberts Victoria R , Sullivan Aurora R , Shah Sonam J , Wozny Anne-Sophie , Fagan-Solis Katerina , Kumar Sunil , Luthman Adam , Ramsden Dale A , Purvis Jeremy E , Gupta Gaorav P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
TP53 deficiency in cancer is associated with poor patient outcomes and resistance to DNA damaging therapies. However, the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance in p53-deficient cells remain poorly characterized. Using live cell imaging of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and cell cycle state transitions, we show that p53-deficient cells exhibit accelerated repair of radiomimetic-induced DSBs arising in S phase. Low-dose DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibition increases the S-phase DSB burden in p53-deficient cells, resulting in elevated rates of mitotic catastrophe. However, a subset of p53-deficient cells exhibits intrinsic resistance to radiomimetic-induced DSBs despite DNA-PK inhibition. We show that p53-deficient cells under DNA-PK inhibition utilize DNA polymerase theta (Pol θ)-mediated end joining repair to promote their viability in response to therapy-induced DSBs. Pol θ inhibition selectively increases S-phase DSB burden after radiomimetic therapy and promotes prolonged G2 arrest. Dual inhibition of DNA-PK and Pol θ restores radiation sensitivity in p53-deficient cells as well as in p53-mutant breast cancer cell lines. Thus, combination targeting of DNA-PK- and Pol θ-dependent end joining repair represents a promising strategy for overcoming resistance to DNA damaging therapies in p53-deficient cancers.
The incidence of brain metastases among patients with metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kuksis Markus , Gao Yizhuo , Tran William , Hoey Christianne , Kiss Alex , Komorowski Adam S , Dhaliwal Aman J , Sahgal Arjun , Das Sunit , Chan Kelvin K , Jerzak Katarzyna J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are living longer, but the development of brain metastases often limits their survival. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the incidence of brain metastases in this patient population.MethodsArticles published from January 2000 to January 2020 were compiled from four databases using search terms related to breast cancer, brain metastasis, and incidence. The overall and per patient-year incidence of brain metastases were extracted from studies including patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive (HER2+), triple negative, and hormone receptor (HR)+/hormone receptor negative (HER2−) MBC; pooled overall estimates for incidence were calculated using random effects models.Results937 articles were compiled, and 25 were included in the meta-analysis. Incidence of brain metastases in patients with HER2+ MBC, triple negative MBC, and HR+/HER2− MBC was reported in 17, 6, and 4 studies, respectively. The pooled cumulative incidence of brain metastases was 31% for the HER2+ subgroup (median follow-up: 30.7 months, IQR: 24.0–34.0), 32% for the triple negative subgroup (median follow-up: 32.8 months, IQR: 18.5–40.6), and 15% among patients with HR+/HER2− MBC (median follow-up: 33.0 months, IQR: 31.9–36.2). The corresponding incidences per patient-year were 0.13 (95% CI: 0.10–0.16) for the HER2+ subgroup, 0.13 (95%CI: 0.09–0.20) for the triple negative subgroup, and only 0.05 (95%CI: 0.03–0.08) for patients with HR+/HER2− MBC.ConclusionThere is a high incidence of brain metastases among patients with HER2+ and triple negative MBC. The utility of a brain metastases screening program warrants investigation in these populations.
The nature of bright C-complex asteroids
Authors: Hasegawa Sunao , Kasuga Toshihiro , Usui Fumihiko , Kuroda Daisuke 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Most C-complex asteroids have albedo values less than 0.1, but there are some high-albedo (bright) C-complex asteroids with albedo values exceeding 0.1. To reveal the nature and origin of bright C-complex asteroids, we conducted spectroscopic observations of the asteroids at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. As a result, the bright B-, C-, and Ch-type (Bus) asteroids, which are subclasses of the Bus C-complex, are classified as DeMeo C-type asteroids with concave curvature, B-, Xn-, and K-type asteroids. Analogue meteorites and material (CV/CK chondrites, enstatite chondrites/achondrites, and salts) associated with these spectral types of asteroids are thought to be composed of minerals and material exposed to high temperatures. A comparison of the results obtained in this study with the SDSS photometric data suggests that salts may have occurred in the parent bodies of 24 Themis and 10 Hygiea, as well as 2 Pallas. The bright C-complex asteroids in other C-complex families were likely caused by impact heating. Bright C-complex asteroids that do not belong to any families are likely to be impact-metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites, CV/CK chondrites, or enstatite chondrites/achondrites.
Surviving Capitalism: Affordability as a Racial “Wage” in Contemporary Housing Markets
Authors: Robinson John N 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn a time of growing inequality, analysts and commentators increasingly highlight the unaffordability of everyday living under capitalism as a convenient language for diagnosing today’s problems and devising policy solutions. This article reconsiders the notion of an “affordability crisis” by drawing on Du Bois’ conceptualization of the racial “wage” to theorize the uneven development of markets: a racial stratification process that renders capitalism affordable and livable for some non-elites, often whites, but not others. One of racism’s economic consequences is that it systematically produces affordability crises for market participants on the wrong side of the color line. Drawing on the literature of published studies on white suburbanization combined with historical evidence on the Community Reinvestment movement, this article illustrates the contrasting affordability politics in the homeowner and renter markets, which are divergent both in racial composition and in terms of their affordability to people without wealth. Ultimately, this article explains how and why marginalized groups undertake efforts to politically reconfigure the way markets work from the ground up, albeit through necessarily strained and improvisational means: as in community groups’ appropriation of tax shelters to finance affordable rental housing production, marking a precursor to policies subsequently adopted by mainstream officials and legislators.
Dose dependence of susceptibility and transmission for an Argentinean West Nile virus strain in local Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Giayetto Octavio , Beranek Mauricio D , Nazar Franco N , Diaz Adrián 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
West Nile virus (WNV) activity has been documented in the central region of Argentina since 2005, but its maintenance network has not been elucidated yet.

Methods
We evaluated the susceptibility to WNV oral infection and transmission in a Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus mosquito population by means of a dose-dependent vector competence assay. Mosquitoes were orally infected with five different viral loads and evaluated for viral infection, dissemination and transmission.

Results
The evaluated population was susceptible to WNV oral infection. Disseminated infections were detected in all the viral doses but transmission was only detected in the higher doses (6 and 7 log10 plaque-forming units/ml). A linear relationship between doses and transmission rates could be established.

Conclusions
A minimum transmission threshold suggests that the Cu. p. quinquefasciatus from Argentina could acquire WNV infection from local urban birds and transmit the virus.
Surgical clips metal allergy postlaparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Shah Rajiv N. , Tiesenga Frederick , Jorge Juaquito , Chaudhry Arooj F. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Surgical clips and staples are the mainstay of wound closure in a multitude of surgical procedures such as cholecystectomies. These clips/staples are composed of a variation of different elements including titanium, aluminum, cobalt, and nickel—all of which can lead to type IV hypersensitivity reactions. Adverse effects of these hypersensitivities triggered through the release of mast cells and basophils can occur resulting in the development of atopic dermatitis, stomatitis, erythema, urticaria, and edema.

Presentation of case:
We present a rare case of a patient who underwent cholecystectomy involving the use of metal surgical clips with adverse reactions. Postoperatively the patient complained of an array of symptoms including abdominal pain, fatigue, lethargy, joint aches, and nausea. The pain remained out of proportion to testing modalities, which time and time again were unremarkable. Following the withdrawal of the surgical clips the patients’ symptoms have resolved and remain in remission.

Discussion:
Preoperative screening for metal allergies albeit rare can result in prevention of long-term adverse effects, as was the case with our patient. A detailed patient history and report can demonstrate any need for further testing. Patients should be advised of any and all side effects of surgical procedures including those that may occur as a result of hypersensitivity reactions to surgical clips and staples. Proper patient education can alert a patient with any triggering symptoms to receive prompt medical attention to prevent progression of infection and disease. Postoperative follow up is also recommended to allow both the patient and the physician to ensure the prevention of any arising complications both short and long term.

Conclusion:
Proper preoperative history and physical examination warrants the detection of any pertinent allergies to metals, as well as other compounds. This allows for proper surgical approach. Surgeons may change their method and use other wound healing techniques involving sutures instead. Long-term adverse effects can be avoided ensuring proper patient healing and follow up.
Spectroscopy of Radiostrontium in Fuel Materials Retrieved from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Zheltonozhsky V.A. , Zheltonozhskaya M.V. , Bondarkov M.D. , Farfán E.B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Some basic methods of measuring radiostrontium activity by spectroscopic methods are considered in this study. These methods of assessing beta spectra and the characteristic radiation that accompanies the breakdown of radiostrontium are described. The sensitivity of these methods based on the assessments of beta spectra both after radiochemical procedures and without radiochemistry is presented. The objective of this paper is to review the spectroscopic procedures that have been developed and used to determine radiostrontium in various matrices; they are focused on modern methods. Samples of fuel particles of different origins, obtained from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Unit 4, were analyzed using the methods presented in this study.
Trends of Annual Whole-body Occupational Radiation Exposure for Industrial Practices in China (2009–2018)
Authors: Fan Shengnan , Deng Jun , Qiao Baojun , Zhou Wenshan , Wang Tuo , Guo Wen , Sun Quanfu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The national status and dose trends on the occupational exposure to ionizing radiation in industrial practices for 2009–2018 in China are presented in terms of seven occupational categories. A total of 504,538 industrial radiation workers were monitored for the period 2009–2018, with a continuous increase in the number of workers from 23,789 in 2009 to 66,017 in 2018. The annual average effective doses were 0.399, 0.425, 0.392, 0.376, 0.346, 0.355, 0.312, 0.305, 0.270, and 0.230 mSv from 2009 to 2018, respectively, which were well lower than the recommended occupational dose limit of 20 mSv y−1 for radiation workers. The Mann-Kendall test result shows a statistically significant decreasing trend at a rate of 0.02 mSv y−1 in average annual effective doses (p<0.001). In addition, more than 95.4% of radiation workers in industrial practices received an average annual effective dose less than the public dose limit of 1 mSv. It was also found that the average annual effective doses in industrial radiography and well logging were significantly higher than those in five other categories (p<0.001). Based on these observations, it is still necessary to control and manage the workplace and radiation workers to control occupational exposure as low as reasonably achievable, especially for the workers engaged in these two activities.
Evaluation of Cobas HPV and SeqHPV Assays in the Chinese Multicenter Screening Trial
Authors: Du Hui , Duan Xianzhi , Liu Yan , Shi Bin , Zhang Wei , Wang Chun , Qu Xinfen , Li Jingran , Zhao Chao , Liu Juan , Jiang Jing , Jin Hua , Li Hanyi , Xiao Aimin , Bao Juncui , Duan Lvfang , Huang Xia , Luo Hongxue , Bian Shuhuang , Zhang Lijie , Wei Lihui , Belinson Jerome L. , Wu Ruifang 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the Cobas 4800 Assay and the SeqHPV Assay with self (S) and direct (D) cervical samples in the Chinese Multicenter Screening Trial (CHIMUST).

Materials and Methods
The CHIMUST is a large population-based multicenter clinical trial, and 10,885 women aged 30–59 years from 15 sites in 7 provinces with no cervical cancer screening for 3 years were eligible. All participating women contributed one self-collected sample (S) and 1 physician-collected endocervical sample (DL). The self-collected sample was first applied to the solid media transport card (SS), and then, the brush placed in 6 mL of ThinPrepSolution (SL). All samples were tested with Cobas 4800 and SeqHPV high-risk HPV assays. Patients human papillomavirus positive (self or direct) were recalled for colposcopy and biopsies.

Results
A total of 10,399 women had complete data. The mean age was 43.9 years. A total of 1.4% (142/10,399) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ and 0.5% (54/10,339) had CIN 3+. In the liquid specimens, the overall HPV infection rates were 10.8% for Cobas and 10.9% for SeqHPV in D sample, and 13.7% for Cobas and 11.6% for SeqHPV in SL sample, respectively. The sensitivity of Cobas-DL, Cobas-SL, SeqHPV-DL, and SeqHPV-SL for CIN 2+ was 95.07%, 95.07%, 94.33%, and 96.48%, respectively. The specificity of Cobas-DL, Cobas-SL, SeqHPV-DL, and SeqHPV-SL for CIN 2+ was 90.38%, 87.35%, 90.21%, and 89.53%, respectively. There were no differences in sensitivity when applying the 2 assays to both self- and directly collected samples in liquid transport media (p > .05).

Conclusions
Both Cobas and SeqHPV screening assays using both self-collected and directly endocervical collected specimens demonstrate similar sensitivity for the detection of CIN 2+ and CIN 3+.
Survival of Older Women With Cervical Cancer Based on Screening History
Authors: Clark Mitchell , Jembere Nathaniel , Wang Li , Kupets Rachel 
Published: December 2020

Objective
A population-level retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the influence of cervical screening history on the survival from cervical cancer in women 50 years or older.

Methods
The study included women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer in Ontario, Canada, between 2005 and 2012, who were followed for at least 4 years. Screening history was observed for the 5 years before diagnosis. Health care administrative databases were linked to determine demographic, affiliation with primary care physicians, stage (available 2010–2012), treatment, and survival data. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate the impact of cervical screening on overall survival (OS).

Results
There were eligible 1,422 women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer between 2005 and 2012 of whom 566 had been screened within the 5 years before diagnosis. There were 856 women who did not undergo screening within the 5 years before diagnosis. Unscreened women were more likely to present with locally advanced disease (69.3%) compared with the screened women (42.9%). Four-year OS was significantly greater in the screened group (79.9% vs 58.2%). In our univariate analysis, screening was significantly related to survival (hazard ratio = 2.1, p < .01). In our multivariate analysis after adjusting for age, treatment, affiliation with a primary care physician, and income, screening was still significantly associated with improved survival (hazard ratio = 1.5, p < .01).

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate a survival benefit to screening in women 50 years or older who are diagnosed with cervical cancer. Screening participation must be encouraged in women older than 50 years as rates decline in this age group.
Acoustic-gravity wave propagation characteristics in three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulations of the solar atmosphere
Authors: Fleck B. , Carlsson M. , Khomenko E. , Rempel M. , Steiner O. , Vigeesh G. 
Published: December 2020

There has been tremendous progress in the degree of realism of three-dimensional radiation magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of the solar atmosphere in the past decades. Four of the most frequently used numerical codes are Bifrost, CO5BOLD, MANCHA3D and MURaM. Here we test and compare the wave propagation characteristics in model runs from these four codes by measuring the dispersion relation of acoustic-gravity waves at various heights. We find considerable differences between the various models. The height dependence of wave power, in particular of high-frequency waves, varies by up to two orders of magnitude between the models, and the phase difference spectra of several models show unexpected features, including ±180° phase jumps.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘High-resolution wave dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere’.
On the effect of oscillatory phenomena on Stokes inversion results
Authors: Keys P. H. , Steiner O. , Vigeesh G. 
Published: December 2020

Stokes inversion codes are crucial in returning properties of the solar atmosphere, such as temperature and magnetic field strength. However, the success of such algorithms to return reliable values can be hindered by the presence of oscillatory phenomena within magnetic wave guides. Returning accurate parameters is crucial to both magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) studies and solar physics in general. Here, we employ a simulation featuring propagating MHD waves within a flux tube with a known driver and atmospheric parameters. We invert the Stokes profiles for the 6301 Å and 6302 Å line pair emergent from the simulations using the well-known Stokes Inversions from Response functions code to see if the atmospheric parameters can be returned for typical spatial resolutions at ground-based observatories. The inversions return synthetic spectra comparable to the original input spectra, even with asymmetries introduced in the spectra from wave propagation in the atmosphere. The output models from the inversions match closely to the simulations in temperature, line-of-sight magnetic field and line-of-sight velocity within typical formation heights of the inverted lines. Deviations from the simulations are seen away from these height regions. The inversions results are less accurate during passage of the waves within the line formation region. The original wave period could be recovered from the atmosphere output by the inversions, with empirical mode decomposition performing better than the wavelet approach in this task.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘High-resolution wave dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere’.
Transverse motions in sunspot super-penumbral fibrils
Authors: Morton R. J. , Mooroogen K. , Henriques V. M. J. 
Published: December 2020

Sunspots have played a key role in aiding our understanding of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave phenomena in the Sun’s atmosphere, and it is well known they demonstrate a number of wave phenomena associated with slow MHD modes. Recent studies have shown that transverse wave modes are present throughout the majority of the chromosphere. Using high-resolution Ca II 8542 Å observations from the Swedish Solar Telescope, we provide the first demonstration that the chromospheric super-penumbral fibrils, which span out from the sunspot, also show ubiquitous transverse motions. We interpret these motions as transverse waves, in particular the MHD kink mode. We compile the statistical properties of over 2000 transverse motions to find distributions for periods and amplitudes, finding they are broadly consistent with previous observations of chromospheric transverse waves in quiet Sun fibrils. The very presence of the waves in super-penumbral fibrils raises important questions about how they are generated, and could have implications for our understanding of how MHD wave energy is transferred through the atmosphere of a sunspot.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘High-resolution wave dynamics in the lower solar atmosphere’.