bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long form of pVHL is artifactually modified by serine protease inhibitor AEBSF
Authors: Tarade Daniel , He Shelley , St‐Germain Jonathan , Petroff Avi , Murphy Anya , Raught Brian , Ohh Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstractvon Hippel–Lindau protein (pVHL) is the tumor suppressor responsible for ubiquitylating the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) family of transcription factors for degradation under normoxic conditions. There are two major pVHL isoforms with the shorter isoform (pVHL19) lacking the acidic domain present in the N‐terminus of the longer isoform (pVHL30). Although both isoforms can degrade HIF and suppress tumor formation in experimental systems, previous research suggests that pVHL30 can undergo posttranslational modifications (PTM) and interact with unique proteins. Indeed, pVHL30 has long been observed to migrate as two species on a reducing polyacrylamide gel, indicating the presence of an uncharacterized PTM on the slower‐migrating pVHL30 without an identifiable biological consequence. Thus, there has been considerable effort to elucidate the exclusive biological activity of pVHL30, if any, by first defining the unique features of the slower‐migrating species. We show here that the migration of pVHL30, but not pVHL19, is retarded by 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF), an irreversible serine protease inhibitor commonly found in protease inhibitor cocktails.
Reference Level of the Vacuum Energy Density of the Universe and Astrophysical Data
Authors: Haridasu Balakrishna S. , Cherkas Sergey L. , Kalashnikov Vladimir L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn extended framework of gravity, in which the first Friedmann equation is satisfied up to some constant due to violation of gauge invariance, is tested against astrophysical data: Supernovae Type‐Ia, Cosmic Chronometers, and Gamma‐ray bursts. A generalized expression for the Friedmann equation, including the possible vacuum contributions, is suggested, and two particular cosmological models with two independent parameters are considered within this framework and compared on the basis of the likelihood analysis. One of the models considered includes contribution of the residual vacuum fluctuations to the energy density and places the limit on the UV cutoff scale as , where is the number of minimally coupled scalar fields. Model comparison using the Akaike information criteria and Bayesian evidence shows a preference for the conventional ΛCDM over the extended models. A more general model with three parameters is considered within which an anti‐correlated behavior between the dynamical vacuum fluctuations contribution and a negative cosmological constant was found. The result is an upper limit of at 95% C.L., which is only mildly disfavored () with respect to ΛCDM.
Enhanced collection of phenotypic and engrafting human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells at 4°C
Authors: Broxmeyer Hal E. , Cooper Scott , Capitano Maegan L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) collected in cord blood (CB) at the birth of a baby is a limiting factor for efficacious use of CB in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We now demonstrate that collecting and processing of human CB at 4°C within minutes of the baby's birth results in significantly enhanced numbers of rigorously defined phenotypic HSC and self-renewing NSG immune-deficient mouse engrafting and SCID-repopulating cells. This was associated with decreased numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), as noted previously for hypoxia collected/processed cells blocking ambient air induced differentiation of HSC to HPC. We have thus defined a simple, cost-effective, means to collect increased numbers of CB HSC, of potential use for clinical CB HCT.
Canonical Notch signaling is required for bone morphogenetic protein-mediated human osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Wagley Yadav , Chesi Alessandra , Acevedo Parker K. , Lu Sumei , Wells Andrew D. , Johnson Matthew E. , Grant Struan F. A. , Hankenson Kurt D. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) can be induced by stimulation with canonical Notch ligand, Jagged1, or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). However, it remains elusive how these two pathways lead to the same phenotypic outcome. Since Runx2 is regarded as a master regulator of osteoblastic differentiation, we targeted Runx2 with siRNA in hMSC. This abrogated both Jagged1 and BMP2 mediated osteoblastic differentiation, confirming the fundamental role for Runx2. However, while BMP stimulation increased Runx2 and downstream Osterix protein expression, Jagged1 treatment failed to upregulate either, suggesting that canonical Notch signals require basal Runx2 expression. To fully understand the transcriptomic profile of differentiating osteoblasts, RNA sequencing was performed in cells stimulated with BMP2 or Jagged1. There was common upregulation of ALPL and extracellular matrix genes, such as ACAN, HAS3, MCAM, and OLFML2B. Intriguingly, genes encoding components of Notch signaling (JAG1, HEY2, and HES4) were among the top 10 genes upregulated by both stimuli. Indeed, ALPL expression occurred concurrently with Notch activation and inhibiting Notch activity for up to 24 hours after BMP administration with DAPT (a gamma secretase inhibitor) completely abrogated hMSC osteoblastogenesis. Concordantly, RBPJ (recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region, a critical downstream modulator of Notch signals) binding could be demonstrated within the ALPL and SP7 promoters. As such, siRNA-mediated ablation of RBPJ decreased BMP-mediated osteoblastogenesis. Finally, systemic Notch inhibition using diabenzazepine (DBZ) reduced BMP2-induced calvarial bone healing in mice supporting the critical regulatory role of Notch signaling in BMP-induced osteoblastogenesis.
Photosupercapacitors: A perspective of planar and flexible dual functioning devices
Authors: Chirauri Satya Kamal , Dehury Asish K. , Chaudhary Yatendra S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of technologies to convert solar energy and store it into a usable form of energy at a massive scale is a major thrust of research worldwide. Therefore, suitable energy storage options/devices are being sought after to store electrical energy generated by solar cells through harvesting solar radiation. The integration of solar energy converting device with supercapacitors (SCs) as a single device—called as photosupercapacitor, has great potential to power wearable and portable electronics. This dual functioning device stores the harvested energy electrochemically to provide an alternative source of power, may address the pressing issues for storage of the generated electrical energy. Different configurations to integrate solar cells and storage devices are being explored, and the integration of solar cells, particularly third‐generation, with SCs can provide high‐power conversion efficiencies. Nonetheless, the exploration of flexible electronics to meet the demand for wearable devices that operate continuously without an external power supply is highly desired. In this article, we have thoroughly discussed the developments of integrated devices based on third‐generation planar and flexible solar devices, which include: dye‐sensitized, quantum dot sensitized, organic, perovskite using SCs as energy‐storage devices. Besides, the emphasis is also given on integrated flexible or wearable systems as self‐charging and self‐powered integrated systems. The present perplexing issues and their research perspectives are also elaborated to stimulate the advancement of such integrated devices in the upcoming years.This article is categorized under:
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Photovoltaics > Science and Materials
Energy Research and Innovation > Science and Materials
Community‐ and Hospital‐Acquired Infections in Surgical patients at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Rwanda
Authors: Muvunyi Vital , Mpirimbanyi Christophe , Katabogama Jean Bosco , Cyuzuzo Thierry , Nkubana Theoneste , Mugema Jean Baptiste , Musoni Emile , Urimubabo Christian , Rickard Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL‐PE) are increasing in globally. The aim of this study was to compare community‐acquired infections (CAIs) and hospital‐acquired infections (HAIs) and determine the rate of third‐generation cephalosporin resistance and ESBL‐PE at a tertiary referral hospital in Rwanda.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of Rwandan acute care surgery patients with infection. Samples were processed for culture and susceptibility patterns using Kirby‐Bauer disk diffusion method. Third‐generation cephalosporin resistance and ESBL‐PE were compared in patients with CAI versus HAI.ResultsOver 14 months, 220 samples were collected from 191 patients: 116 (62%) patients had CAI, 59 (32%) had HAI, and 12 (6%) had both CAI and HAI. Most (n = 178, 94%) patients were started on antibiotics with third‐generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone n = 109, 57%; cefotaxime n = 52, 27%) and metronidazole (n = 155, 81%) commonly given. Commonly isolated organisms included Escherichia coli (n = 62, 42%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 27, 18%), and Klebsiella spp. (n = 22, 15%). Overall, 67 of 113 isolates tested had resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins, with higher resistance seen in HAI compared with CAI (74% vs 46%, p value = 0.002). Overall, 47 of 89 (53%) isolates were ESBL‐PE with higher rates in HAI compared with CAI (73% vs 38%, p value = 0.001).ConclusionsThere is broad and prolonged use of third‐generation cephalosporins despite high resistance rates. ESBL‐PE are high in Rwandan surgical patients with higher rates in HAI compared with CAIs. Infection prevention practices and antibiotic stewardship are critical to reduce infection rates with resistant organisms in a low‐resource setting.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with compressed sensing at 1.5 T: clinical application for the evaluation of branch duct IPMN of the pancreas
Authors: Henninger Benjamin , Steurer Michael , Plaikner Michaela , Weiland Elisabeth , Jaschke Werner , Kremser Christian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with compressed sensing (CS) for the assessment of branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (BD-IPMN) of the pancreas. For this purpose, conventional navigator-triggered (NT) sampling perfection with application-optimized contrast using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) MRCP was compared with various CS-SPACE-MRCP sequences in a clinical setting.

Methods
A total of 41 patients (14 male, 27 female, mean age 68 years) underwent 1.5-T MRCP for the evaluation of BD-IPMN. The MRCP protocol consisted of the following sequences: conventional NT-SPACE-MRCP, CS-SPACE-MRCP with long (BHL, 17 s) and short single breath-hold (BHS, 8 s), and NT-CS-SPACE-MRCP. Two board-certified radiologists evaluated image quality, duct sharpness, duct visualization, lesion conspicuity, confidence, and communication with the main pancreatic duct in consensus using a 5-point scale (1–5), with higher scores indicating better quality/delineation/confidence. Maximum intensity projection reconstructions and originally acquired data were used for evaluation. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the intra-individual difference between sequences.

Results
BHS-CS-SPACE-MRCP had the highest scores for image quality (3.85 ± 0.79), duct sharpness (3.81 ± 1.05), and duct visualization (3.81 ± 1.01). There was a significant difference compared with NT-CS-SPACE-MRCP (p < 0.05) but no significant difference to the standard NT-SPACE-MRCP (p > 0.05). Concerning diagnostic quality, BHS-CS-SPACE-MRCP had the highest scores in lesion conspicuity (3.95 ± 0.92), confidence (4.12 ± 1.08), and communication (3.8 ± 1.06), significantly higher compared with NT-SPACE-MRCP, BHL-SPACE-MRCP, and NT-CS-SPACE-MRCP (p = <0.05).

Conclusions
MRCP with CS 3D SPACE for the evaluation of BD-IPMN at 1.5 T provides the best results using a short breath-hold sequence. This approach is feasible and an excellent alternative to standard NT 3D MRCP sequences.

Key Points
• 1.5-T MRCP with compressed sensing for the evaluation of branch duct IPMN is a feasible method.
• Short breath-hold sequences provide the best results for this purpose.
A systematic review of ongoing clinical trials in optic pathway gliomas
Authors: Hill Ciaran Scott , Devesa Sara Castro , Ince William , Borg Anouk , Aquilina Kristian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionOptic pathway gliomas (OPGs), also known as Visual Pathway Gliomas, are insidious, debilitating tumours. They are most commonly WHO grade 1 pilocytic astrocytomas and frequently occur in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. The location of OPGs within the optic pathway typically precludes complete resection or optimal radiation dosing, hence outcomes remain poor compared to many other low-grade gliomas. The aim of this systematic review was to formulate a comprehensive list of all current ongoing clinical trials that are specifically looking at clinical care of OPGs in order to identify trends in current research and provide an overview to guide future research efforts.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and final results were reviewed.Results501 clinical trials were identified with the search strategy. All were screened and eligible studies extracted and reviewed. This yielded 36 ongoing clinical trials, 27 of which were pharmacological agents in phase I-III. The remaining trials were a mixture of biological agents, radiation optimisation, diagnostic imaging, surgical intervention, and a social function analysis.ConclusionOPG is a complex multifaceted disease, and advances in care require ongoing research efforts across a spectrum of different research fields. This review provides an update on the current state of research in OPG and summarises ongoing trials.
Impaired cardiac function is associated with mortality in patients with acute COVID-19 infection
Authors: Rath Dominik , Petersen-Uribe Álvaro , Avdiu Alban , Witzel Katja , Jaeger Philippa , Zdanyte Monika , Heinzmann David , Tavlaki Elli , Müller Karin , Gawaz Meinrad Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 infection may cause severe respiratory distress and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Impaired cardiac function and/or pre-existing cardiovascular disease may be associated with poor prognosis. In the present study, we report a comprehensive cardiovascular characterization in the first consecutive collective of patients that was admitted and treated at the University Hospital of Tübingen, Germany.

Methods
123 consecutive patients with COVID-19 were included. Routine blood sampling, transthoracic echocardiography and electrocardiography were performed at hospital admission.

Results
We found that impaired left-ventricular and right-ventricular function as well as tricuspid regurgitation > grade 1 were significantly associated with higher mortality. Furthermore, elevated levels of myocardial distress markers (troponin-I and NT pro-BNP) were associated with poor prognosis in this patient collective.

Conclusion
Impaired cardiac function is associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 positive patients. Consequently, treatment of these patients should include careful guideline-conform cardiovascular evaluation and treatment. Thus, formation of a competent Cardio-COVID-19 team may represent a major clinical measure to optimize therapy of cardiovascular patients during this pandemic.
Microarray analysis of the expression profile of immune-related gene in rapid recurrence early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Jie , Yang Xiao , Zhang Liang , Yang Bo , Rao Wen , Li Mengxia , Dai Nan , Yang Yuxin , Qian Chengyuan , Zhang Lei , Xiao Hualiang , Wang Dong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough much progress has been made in the diagnosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (ES-LUAD), the prognosis for ES-LUAD patients with rapid recurrence is still poor. Importantly, there is currently no effective and precise method to screen patients who may develop rapid recurrence. Therefore, it is necessary to identify potential differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ES-LUAD patients with rapid recurrence and non-rapid recurrence.MethodsAffymetrix GeneChip Human Transcriptome Array was used to identify DEGs between ES-LUAD patients with rapid recurrence and non-rapid recurrence. Rapid recurrence was defined as recurrence-free survival (RFS) ≦ 1 year and non-rapid recurrence was defined as RFS ≧ 3 years. The biological functions of the DEGs were analyzed by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of identified DEGs was conducted by STRING and Cytoscape software. The expression level of crucial hub genes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsA total of 416 DEGs were identified between ES-LUAD patients with and without rapid recurrence. The results of GO analysis revealed that 2 of the top 10 categories in the domain of cellular component, 2 of the top 10 in the domain of molecular function, and 9 of the top 10 in the domain of biological process were functionally related to immunity. The results of KEGG analysis showed that 6 of the top 8 pathways were functionally involved in immune regulation and inflammatory response. The PPI network analysis identified ten crucial nodal protein, including EGFR, MMP9, IL-1β, PTGS2, MMP1, and 5 histone proteins, which constituted 25 key interactions. IL-1β and PTGS2 expression were closely related to immunity and IHC analysis further revealed that low expression of IL-1β and PTGS2 is associated with rapid recurrence. Kaplan–Meier analysis further revealed that LUAD patients with lower IL-1β or PTGS2 expression had a worse RFS. When the TIL density of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+and CD20+subsets was less than 20%, ES-LUAD patients have a higher probability of rapid recurrence.ConclusionThere were significant differences in the expression of immune-related genes between patients with rapid recurrence and patient with non-rapid recurrence. Immune-related genes such as IL-1β and PTGS2 and TIL density (20%) play important roles in rapid recurrence of ES-LUAD. This study provided a theoretical basis for distinguishing the two types of patients from an immunological perspective.
Noise sensitivity and exceptional times of transience for a simple symmetric random walk in one dimension
Authors: Prigent Martin , Roberts Matthew I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe define a dynamical simple symmetric random walk in one dimension, and show that there almost surely exist exceptional times at which the walk tends to infinity. This is in contrast to the usual dynamical simple symmetric random walk in one dimension, for which such exceptional times are known not to exist. In fact we show that the set of exceptional times has Hausdorff dimension 1/2 almost surely, and give bounds on the rate at which the walk diverges at such times. We also show noise sensitivity of the event that our random walk is positive afternsteps. In fact this event is maximally noise sensitive, in the sense that it is quantitatively noise sensitive for any sequence$$\varepsilon _n$$εnsuch that$$n\varepsilon _n\rightarrow \infty $$nεn→∞. This is again in contrast to the usual random walk, for which the corresponding event is known to be noise stable.
Weak LQG metrics and Liouville first passage percolation
Authors: Dubédat Julien , Falconet Hugo , Gwynne Ewain , Pfeffer Joshua , Sun Xin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor $$\gamma \in (0,2)$$

γ
∈
(
0
,
2
)

, we define a weak$$\gamma $$
γ
-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) metric to be a function $$h\mapsto D_h$$

h
↦

D
h

which takes in an instance of the planar Gaussian free field and outputs a metric on the plane satisfying a certain list of natural axioms. We show that these axioms are satisfied for any subsequential limits of Liouville first passage percolation. Such subsequential limits were proven to exist by Ding et al. (Tightness of Liouville first passage percolation for $$\gamma \in (0,2)$$

γ
∈
(
0
,
2
)

, 2019. ArXiv e-prints, arXiv:1904.08021). It is also known that these axioms are satisfied for the $$\sqrt{8/3}$$

8
/
3

-LQG metric constructed by Miller and Sheffield (2013–2016). For any weak $$\gamma $$
γ
-LQG metric, we obtain moment bounds for diameters of sets as well as point-to-point, set-to-set, and point-to-set distances. We also show that any such metric is locally bi-Hölder continuous with respect to the Euclidean metric and compute the optimal Hölder exponents in both directions. Finally, we show that LQG geodesics cannot spend a long time near a straight line or the boundary of a metric ball. These results are used in subsequent work by Gwynne and Miller which proves that the weak $$\gamma $$
γ
-LQG metric is unique for each $$\gamma \in (0,2)$$

γ
∈
(
0
,
2
)

, which in turn gives the uniqueness of the subsequential limit of Liouville first passage percolation. However, most of our results are new even in the special case when $$\gamma =\sqrt{8/3}$$

γ
=

8
/
3

.
Recovery of mycorrhizal fungi from wild collected protocorms of Madagascan endemic orchid Aerangis ellisii (B.S. Williams) Schltr. and their use in seed germination in vitro
Authors: Kendon Jonathan P. , Yokoya Kazutomo , Zettler Lawrence W. , Jacob Alison S. , McDiarmid Faye , Bidartondo Martin I. , Sarasan Viswambharan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) are critical for seed germination and maintaining natural populations of orchids, yet the degree of specificity of most orchids to their mycorrhizal associates remains unknown. Many orchids are at risk of extinction, whether generalists or specialists, but orchid species of narrow fungal specificity are arguably under increased threat due to their requirement for specific fungal symbionts. This study characterises the fungi associated with Aerangis ellisii, a lithophytic orchid from a site in the Central Highlands of Madagascar. Culturable OMF isolated from spontaneous protocorms of this species from the wild were used for seed germination. In vitro germination and seedling development of A. ellisii were achieved with fungi derived from A. ellisii and an isolate from a different Aerangis species 30 km away. The significance of these findings and their importance to conservation strategies for this species and other Aerangis spp. is discussed. These results have important implications for the conservation of A. ellisii populations in Madagascar.