bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parenting Through Academia as a SICB Member
Authors: Schwaner M Janneke , Deming Sarah , Kmec Julie A , Flammang Brooke E 
Published: June 2020

Synopsis
The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB) has made tremendous improvements to their annual meeting in an effort to promote inclusivity, diversity, and accessibility to all scientists. However, within academia as an institution overall, many scientists face personal challenges that directly compete with the rigorous culture considered a requirement for success as an academic. Among these challenges is balancing parenthood with academic responsibilities, such as conference attendance and productivity. Herein, we present a report of the survey administered to the members of SICB and from discussion held during the Parenting through Academia workshop at the 2020 annual meeting. We hope that this information brings to the Society an opportunity for open collegial discussion, mentorship, and community building, and sheds light on new strategies that could be undertaken to support not only parents, but SICB membership as a whole.
Clinical significance of pulse index contour continuous cardiac output monitoring in patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy
Authors: Huang Jinpeng , Zhu Pengfei , Zhong Fangming , Yu Guocan , Ye Bo , Fang Likui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The efficacy of pulse index contour continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) monitoring in patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy remains unclear. The goal of this study was to explore whether PiCCO monitoring could improve clinical outcomes in these patients.

METHODS
We retrospectively studied 74 patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy and assigned them to a PiCCO group and a control group. Postoperative and survival outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS
There were 33 (44.6%) cases in the PiCCO group and 41 (55.4%) cases in the control group. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the 2 groups. In comparison to the control group, the PiCCO group showed more intraoperative fluid infusion (P = 0.003), higher postoperative central venous pressure (P = 0.007) and lower levels of postoperative brain natriuretic peptide (P = 0.021). The incidence of postoperative complications (P = 0.004) including cardiac complications (P = 0.033) was also lower in the PiCCO group. Despite no difference in survival outcomes, duration of chest drainage (P = 0.032), length of stay in the intensive care unit (P &lt; 0.001) and the postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.044) were significantly shorter in the PiCCO group.

CONCLUSIONS
This study confirmed the clinical significance of PiCCO monitoring in the enhanced recovery of patients with constrictive pericarditis undergoing pericardiectomy and provided new evidence for applying PiCCO monitoring in these patients.
Is protecting sunk investments an economic rationale for antitrust law?
Authors: Biggar Darryl , Heimler Alberto 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In recent years, the economic foundation of antitrust law is increasingly being called into question. The hypothesis that antitrust law seeks to promote consumer welfare has historically been extremely popular but in recent years has come under attack. In part, this is due to the fact that neither the law, nor the decisions of competition law enforcers, can be fully explained as consistent with a strict consumer welfare standard. Neither do competition laws promote a textbook concept of total economic welfare, neither in their wording, nor in the way they are enforced. Some commentators argue that competition law should protect the competitive process, but this approach lacks a foundation in welfare economics and therefore lacks the ability to make basic trade-offs between desirable goals. This article puts forward an alternative hypothesis, which focuses on the sunk, relationship-specific investments made by market participants. We propose that an important, and overlooked, role of competition law is to protect trading partners from the threat of hold-up, where it is unreasonable for the parties to use conventional mechanisms to protect those sunk investments themselves. This approach can help to explain features of competition law and law enforcement that cannot be explained by the traditional consumer welfare or total welfare frameworks. We suggest that this approach offers promise as providing a consistent, comprehensive, economic foundation for competition law.
Are Citizens More Negative About Failing Service Delivery by Public Than Private Organizations? Evidence From a Large-Scale Survey Experiment
Authors: van den Bekerom Petra , van der Voet Joris , Christensen Johan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCitizens’ perceptions of the performance of public service providers are a central concern for academics and policy-makers alike. A growing body of behavioral public administration research emphasizes the psychological biases that shape the perceptions of citizens. This article makes a novel contribution to this debate by examining the interaction between politically motivated bias and cognitive bias in citizens’ performance appraisals. It asks: Are citizens more negative about failing service delivery by public organizations than by private organizations, and if so, why? This is investigated through a survey experiment conducted among a representative sample of 2,623 Dutch citizens. The main finding of the study is that public organizations are punished more severely by citizens for negative performance information than private organizations, but this tendency is concentrated among citizens who have a preference for private service provision and varies across service areas. Our study shows not only that citizens’ processing of information about public services is subject to various forms of bias, but also that these biases interact in shaping how citizens view public organizations. Further investigating these complex dynamics is an important task for behavioral public administration scholars seeking to understand the specific implications of behavioral dynamics for the broad range of organizations providing public services.
ABA-responsive transcription factor bZIP1 is involved in modulating biosynthesis of phenolic acids and tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Deng Changping , Shi Min , Fu Rong , Zhang Yi , Wang Qiang , Zhou Yang , Wang Yao , Ma Xingyuan , Kai Guoyin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Phenolic acids and tanshinones are major bioactive ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which possess pharmacological activities with great market demand. However, transcriptional regulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Here, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor (TF) named SmbZIP1 was screened from the abscisic acid (ABA)-induced transcriptome library. Overexpression of SmbZIP1 positively promoted phenolic acid biosynthesis by enhancing expression of biosynthetic genes such as cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H1). Furthermore, biochemical experiments revealed that SmbZIP1 bound the G-Box-like1 element in the promoter of the C4H1 gene. Meanwhile, SmbZIP1 inhibited accumulation of tanshinones mainly by suppressing the expression of biosynthetic genes including geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) which was confirmed as a target gene by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In contrast, the phenolic acid content was reduced and tanshinone was enhanced in CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9]-mediated knockout lines. In addition, the previously reported positive regulator of tanshinone biosynthesis, SmERF1L1, was found to be inhibited in SmbZIP1 overexpression lines indicated by RNA sequencing, and was proven to be the target of SmbZIP1. In summary, this work uncovers a novel regulator and deepens our understanding of the transcriptional and regulatory mechanisms of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis, and also sheds new light on metabolic engineering in S. miltiorrhiza.
A holistic and probabilistic approach to the ground-based and spaceborne data of HAT-P-19 system
Authors: Baştürk Özgür , Yalçınkaya S , Esmer E M , Tanrıverdi T , Mancini L , Daylan T , Southworth J , Keten B 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We update the main physical and orbital properties of the transiting hot Saturn planet HAT-P-19 b, based on a global modelling of high-precision transit and occultation light curves, taken with ground-based and space telescopes, archive spectra and radial velocity measurements, brightness values from broad-band photometry, and Gaia parallax. We collected 65 light curves by amateur and professional observers, measured mid-transit times, and analysed their differences from calculated transit timings based on reference ephemeris information, which we update as a result. We have not found any periodicity in the residuals of a linear trend, which we attribute to the accumulation of uncertainties in the reference mid-transit time and the orbital period. We comment on the scenarios describing the formation and migration of this hot-Saturn type exoplanet with a bloated atmosphere yet a small core, although it is orbiting a metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.24 dex) host star. Finally, we review the planetary mass–radius, the orbital period–radius, and density, and the stellar metallicity–core mass diagrams, based on the parameters we derive for HAT-P-19 b and those of the other 70 transiting Saturn-mass planets from the NASA Exoplanet Archive.
An infrared study of the high-mass, multistage star-forming region IRAS 12272−6240
Authors: Tapia Mauricio , Persi Paolo , Roth Miguel , Elia Davide 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
IRAS 12272−6240 is a complex star-forming region with a compact massive dense clump (DC) and several associated masers, located at a well-determined distance of d = 9.3 kpc from the Sun. For this study, we obtained sub-arcsec broad- and narrow-band near-infrared (near-IR) imaging and low-resolution spectroscopy with the Baade/Magellan telescope and its camera PANIC. Mosaics of size 2 × 2 arcmin2 in the JHKs bands and with narrow-band filters centred in the 2.12 μm H2 and 2.17 μm Br γ lines were analysed in combination with Hi-GAL/Herschel and archive IRAC/Spitzer and WISE observations. We found that the compact DC houses two Class I young stellar objects (YSOs) that probably form a 21000 -au-wide binary system. Its combined 1–1200 μm spectral energy distribution is consistent with an O9V central star with a $10^{-2} \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ disc and a $1.3 \times 10^4 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ dust envelope. Its total luminosity is $8.5 \times 10^4 \, \mathrm{L}_\odot$. A series of shocked H2 emission knots are found in its close vicinity, confirming the presence of outflows. IRAS 12272−6240 is at the centre of an embedded cluster with a mean age of 1 Myr and 2.6 pc in size that contains more than 150 stars. At its nucleus, we found a more compact and considerably younger subcluster containing the YSOs. We also identified and classified the O-type central stars of two dusty radio/IR H ii regions flanking the protostars. Our results confirm that these elements form a single giant young complex where massive star formation processes started some 1 Myr ago and are still active.
Very extreme mass-ratio bursts in the Galaxy and neighbouring galaxies in relation to space-borne detectors
Authors: Han Wen-Biao , Zhong Xing-Yu , Chen Xian , Xin Shuo 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Two recent papers (by Amaro-Seoane andGourgoulhon and co-workers) revealed that in our Galaxy there are very extreme mass-ratio inspirals composed of brown dwarfs and a supermassive black hole at the centre of the Galaxy. The event rates estimated in these papers are very considerable for future space-borne detectors. In addition, there are plunge events during the formation of inspiralling orbits. In this work, we calculate the gravitational waves from compact objects (brown dwarfs, primordial black holes, etc.) plunging into or being scattered by the central supermassive black hole. We find that for space-borne detectors the signal-to-noise ratios of these bursts are quite high. The event rates are estimated as ∼ 0.01 yr–1 for the Galaxy. If we are lucky, this kind of very extreme mass-ratio burst will offer a unique chance to reveal the nearest supermassive black hole and nuclei dynamics. The event rate could be as large as 4∼8 yr–1 within 10 Mpc, and because the signal is strong enough for observations by space-borne detectors, we have a good chance of being able to probe the nature of neighbouring black holes.
Melatonin supplementation over different time periods until ageing modulates genotoxic parameters in mice
Authors: Damiani Adriani Paganini , Strapazzon Giulia , de Oliveira Sardinha Thanielly Thais , Rohr Paula , Gajski Goran , de Pinho Ricardo Aurino , de Andrade Vanessa Moraes 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The ageing process is a multifactorial phenomenon, associated with decreased physiological and cellular functions and an increased propensity for various degenerative diseases. Studies on melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a potent antioxidant, are gaining attention since melatonin production declines with advancing age. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic melatonin consumption on genotoxic and mutagenic parameters of old Swiss mice. Herein, 3-month-old Swiss albino male mice (n = 240) were divided into eight groups and subdivided into two experiments: first (three groups): natural ageing experiment; second (five groups): animals that started water or melatonin supplementation at different ages (3, 6, 12 and 18 months) until 21 months. After 21 months, the animals from the second experiment were euthanized to perform the comet assay, micronucleus test and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that melatonin prolonged the life span of the animals. Relative to genomic instability, melatonin was effective in reducing DNA damage caused by ageing, presenting antigenotoxic and antimutagenic activities, independently of initiation age. The group receiving melatonin for 18 months had high levels of APE1 and OGG1 repair enzymes. Conclusively, melatonin presents an efficient antioxidant mechanism aiding modulating genetic and physiological alterations due to ageing.
Binding of a viral IRES to the 40S subunit occurs in two successive steps mediated by eS25
Authors: Walters Beth , Axhemi Armend , Jankowsky Eckhard , Thompson Sunnie R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The mechanism for how internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) recruit ribosomes to initiate translation of an mRNA is not completely understood. We investigated how a 40S subunit was recruited by the cricket paralysis virus intergenic region (CrPV IGR) IRES to form a stable 40S–IRES complex. Kinetic binding studies revealed that formation of the complex between the CrPV IGR and the 40S subunit consisted of two-steps: an initial fast binding step of the IRES to the 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by a slow unimolecular reaction consistent with a conformational change that stabilized the complex. We further showed that the ribosomal protein S25 (eS25), which is required by functionally and structurally diverse IRESs, impacts both steps of the complex formation. Mutations in eS25 that reduced CrPV IGR IRES activity either decreased 40S–IRES complex formation, or increased the rate of the conformational change that was required to form a stable 40S–IRES complex. Our data are consistent with a model in which eS25 facilitates initial binding of the CrPV IGR IRES to the 40S while ensuring that the conformational change stabilizing the 40S–IRES complex does not occur prematurely.
Embryonic tissue differentiation is characterized by transitions in cell cycle dynamic-associated core promoter regulation
Authors: Wragg Joseph W , Roos Leonie , Vucenovic Dunja , Cvetesic Nevena , Lenhard Boris , Müller Ferenc 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The core-promoter, a stretch of DNA surrounding the transcription start site (TSS), is a major integration-point for regulatory-signals controlling gene-transcription. Cellular differentiation is marked by divergence in transcriptional repertoire and cell-cycling behaviour between cells of different fates. The role promoter-associated gene-regulatory-networks play in development-associated transitions in cell-cycle-dynamics is poorly understood. This study demonstrates in a vertebrate embryo, how core-promoter variations define transcriptional output in cells transitioning from a proliferative to cell-lineage specifying phenotype. Assessment of cell proliferation across zebrafish embryo segmentation, using the FUCCI transgenic cell-cycle-phase marker, revealed a spatial and lineage-specific separation in cell-cycling behaviour. To investigate the role differential promoter usage plays in this process, cap-analysis-of-gene-expression (CAGE) was performed on cells segregated by cycling dynamics. This analysis revealed a dramatic increase in tissue-specific gene expression, concurrent with slowed cycling behaviour. We revealed a distinct sharpening in TSS utilization in genes upregulated in slowly cycling, differentiating tissues, associated with enhanced utilization of the TATA-box, in addition to Sp1 binding-sites. In contrast, genes upregulated in rapidly cycling cells carry broad distribution of TSS utilization, coupled with enrichment for the CCAAT-box. These promoter features appear to correspond to cell-cycle-dynamic rather than tissue/cell-lineage origin. Moreover, we observed genes with cell-cycle-dynamic-associated transitioning in TSS distribution and differential utilization of alternative promoters. These results demonstrate the regulatory role of core-promoters in cell-cycle-dependent transcription regulation, during embryo-development.
Protein sumoylation with SUMO1 promoted by Pin1 in glioma stem cells augments glioblastoma malignancy
Authors: Zhang Aili , Tao Weiwei , Zhai Kui , Fang Xiaoguang , Huang Zhi , Yu Jennifer S , Sloan Andrew E , Rich Jeremy N , Zhou Wenchao , Bao Shideng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
The tumorigenic potential of glioma stem cells (GSCs) is associated with multiple reversible molecular alternations, but the role of posttranslational protein sumoylation in GSCs has not been elucidated. The development of GSC-targeting drugs relies on the discovery of GSC-preferential molecular modifications and the relevant signaling pathways. In this work, we investigated the protein sumoylation status, the major sumoylated substrate, and the key regulatory enzyme in GSCs to explore the therapeutic potential of disrupting protein sumoylation for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment.

Methods
Patient-derived GSCs, primary GBM sections, and intracranial GBM xenografts were used to determine protein sumoylation and the related molecular mechanisms by immunoblot, quantitative PCR, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Orthotopic GBM xenograft models were applied to investigate the inhibition of tumor growth by disrupting protein sumoylation with short hairpin (sh)RNAs or molecular inhibitors.

Results
We show that high levels of small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1)—but not SUMO2/3—modified sumoylation are preferentially present in GSCs. The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is a major SUMO1-sumoylated substrate in GSCs, whose sumoylation facilitates its interaction with c-Myc to stabilize c-Myc proteins. The prolyl-isomerase Pin1 is preferentially expressed in GSCs and functions as the key enzyme to promote SUMO1 sumoylation. Disruption of SUMO1 sumoylation by Pin1 silencing with shRNAs or inhibition with its inhibitor Juglone markedly abrogated GSC maintenance and mitigated GSC-driven tumor growth.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that high SUMO1-modified protein sumoylation as a feature of GSCs is critical for GSC maintenance, suggesting that targeting SUMO1 sumoylation may effectively improve GBM treatment.
Trace Element and Isotopic Evidence for Recycled Lithosphere from Basalts from 48 to 53°E, Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Wang Jixin , Zhou Huaiyang , Salters Vincent J M , Dick Henry J B , Standish Jared J , Wang Conghui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMantle source heterogeneity and magmatic processes have been widely studied beneath most parts of the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). But less is known from the newly recovered mid-ocean ridge basalts from the Dragon Bone Amagmatic Segment (53°E, SWIR) and the adjacent magmatically robust Dragon Flag Segment. Fresh basalt glasses from the Dragon Bone Segment are clearly more enriched in isotopic composition than the adjacent Dragon Flag basalts, but the trace element ratios of the Dragon Flag basalts are more extreme compared with average mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) than the Dragon Bone basalts. Their geochemical differences can be explained only by source differences rather than by variations in degree of melting of a roughly similar source. The Dragon Flag basalts are influenced by an arc-like mantle component as evidenced by enrichment in fluid-mobile over fluid-immobile elements. However, the sub-ridge mantle at the Dragon Flag Segment is depleted in melt component compared with a normal MORB source owing to previous melting in the subarc. This fluid-metasomatized, subarc depleted mantle is entrained beneath the Dragon Flag Segment. In comparison, for the Dragon Bone axial basalts, their Pb isotopic compositions and their slight enrichment in Ba, Nb, Ta, K, La, Sr and Zr and depletion in Pb and Ti concentrations show resemblance to the Ejeda–Bekily dikes of Madagascar. Also, Dragon Bone Sr and Nd isotopic compositions together with the Ce/Pb, La/Nb and La/Th ratios can be modeled by mixing the most isotopically depleted Dragon Flag basalts with a composition within the range of the Ejeda–Bekily dikes. It is therefore proposed that the Dragon Bone axial basalts, similar to the Ejeda–Bekily dikes, are sourced from subcontinental lithospheric Archean mantle beneath Gondwana, pulled from beneath the Madagascar Plateau. The recycling of the residual subarc mantle and the subcontinental lithospheric mantle could be related to either the breakup of Gondwana or the formation and accretion of Neoproterozoic island arc terranes during the collapse of the Mozambique Ocean, and is now present beneath the ridge.
ASSESSMENT OF RADON AND THORON EXHALATION FROM SOILS AND DISSOLVED RADON IN GROUND WATER IN THE VICINITY OF ELEVATED GRANITIC HILL, CHIKKABALLAPUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: Poojitha C G , Sahoo B K , Ganesh K E , Pranesha T S , Sapra B K 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we intend to evaluate the rate of radon and thoron exhalation from soil with reference to the underlying bedrock and gamma dose rate in the environment of elevated granitic hill—Nandi hills of Karnataka. The measurement of exhalation rates for all the soil samples collected from study area was carried out using a continuous radon–thoron monitor (Smart RnDuo monitor). The surface exhalation rate of thoron from soil samples were found to vary from 4160 ± 326 to 21 822 ± 634 mBq m−2 s−1. The mass exhalation rate of radon from soil samples were found to vary from 76 ± 6 to 269 ± 19 mBq kg−1 h−1. Concentrations of radon activity measurements were carried out for all the groundwater samples from study area. A detailed analysis along with physicochemical parameters of water has been made and discussed in this research paper.