bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowering Arthritis Patients: Optimized Drug Delivery through Piroxicam Microcapsule-Embedded Scaffold Implants via Box-Behnken Experimental Design
Authors: Kumar Sampath , Mohan Mothilal 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The necessity for extended drug discharge to alleviate pain without adverse
effects underscores the importance of innovative drug delivery systems. Achieving sustained pain
relief without compromising patient safety is a critical objective in healthcare. By extending the duration
of drug action while suppressing side effects, such systems offer enhanced therapeutic outcomes
and improved patient quality of life.

Objective:
This study endeavors to develop and appraise an innovative implantable drug delivery
system by integrating NSAID-loaded gelatin microcapsules into a gelatin scaffold designed to augment
drug delivery efficiency and sustain drug release.

Method:
Piroxicam-loaded microcapsules with a 1:1 ratio of poly lactic acid and poly lacto glycolic
acid showed smaller particle size, good yield, entrapment efficiency, and discharge. They were selected
to make gelatin scaffolds with Box Behnken Design using Design Expert software for optimization.
The better scaffolds were made in the form of rod-shaped sub-dermal implants. The primary
focus of the investigation was the evaluation of critical parameters, specifically entrapment efficiency
and drug discharge properties as dependent variables.

Results:
Microcapsules with a 1:1 ratio of PLA and PLGA showed smaller particle sizes, good
yield, entrapment efficiency, and discharge. Notably, the Design Expert-driven optimization yields
highly favorable results. Furthermore, the scaffolds loaded with microcapsules exhibited favorable
physicochemical assets, including drug discharge, for an extended period, underscoring their versatility
for drug delivery.

Conclusion:
By employing Design Expert software for optimization, the study demonstrates promising
results, particularly in sustained pain management for arthritis, potentially improving therapeutic
outcomes and patient quality of life. The study concludes that the prepared implants (holding scaffolds
impregnated with piroxicam-loaded microcapsules) can be promising for relieving arthritis all
day.
Silk Fibroin Hydrogels: Cutting-Edge Developments and Future Directions
Authors: Sabarees Govindaraj , Tamilarasi Ganesan Padmini , Jayaraman Rajangam , Alagarsamy Veerachamy , Solomon Viswas Raja 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
The exploration of hydrogel materials has gained significant attention due to the ongoing
period of collaborative interdisciplinary advancements. Silk fibroin (SF) possesses remarkable
attributes, such as less immunogenicity, sterilization efficacy, processability without chemical
crosslinkers, excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, non-toxicity, mechanical strength,
thermal stability, non-carcinogenicity, and adjustable biodegradability make it a highly valuable
biomaterial. Silk fibroin hydrogel (SFH), a versatile biomaterial, has garnered significant attention
due to its unique properties. Its biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, water retention capacity,
and bioactive nature offer a unique combination of features that can effectively promote tissue
regeneration and enhance wound healing. The utilization of SF for hydrogel production presents
a valuable opportunity to leverage natural resources and promote eco-friendly production
practices. With their exceptional properties and versatile applications in biomedicine, silk protein-
based hydrogels hold promise for various research fields. This review aims to discuss the potential
properties and recent advancements in the application of SF-based hydrogels for preclinical
skin wound healing.
Ligand-based in silico Approach for Identifying Potent Antidotes Against Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A, B, E, and F
Authors: Agnihotri Surabhi , Kushwah Vinita , Dhaked Ram Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Botulinum neurotoxins are the most poisonous substances reported and listed in category ‘A’ of biowarfare agents. As serotype identification is a time-consuming process and there is no antidote commercially available, the development of inhibitors against serotypes causing human botulism would be beneficial. In the present study, a ligand-based in silico method was applied to identify the “hits” that could have the potential to act as counter-measures against human-intoxicating BoNTs.

Methods:
For this purpose, a computational approach using Molegro Virtual Docker and Auto-Dock tools was performed, where around thirty-five derivatives were designed and docked into the catalytic domain of BoNT/A, B, E, and F. The designed compounds were also studied for their ADME properties using an online web tool.

Results:
Analysis of the molecular docking data of the complex by Molegro Virtual Docker revealed a high binding affinity between the target and designed ligands, with the MolDock score between -139.85 and -88.24 kcal/mol, whereas the AutoDock score ranged between -11.65 and -5.30 kcal/mol. Three SMNPIs, A11, A18, and A20, exhibited better binding affini-ties with the target proteins BoNT/A, /B, E, and /F and could be potential pan-active inhibitors. The ADME/T study showed that the designed ligands were less toxic and possessed drug-re-semblance properties by considering the Lipinski, Ghose, Veber, and Egan rules, with a bioa-vailability score of 0.56.

Conclusion:
Our study provides insight into ‘hits’, which can lead to further progress in exper-imental studies and the development of new antidotes for botulism
Modeling and Analysis of the Electrical Signal Transmission Mechanism of an Electronic Analgesic Apparatus
Authors: Nie Sibing , Wei Qi , Li Xiaoqi , Qin Jinbo , Li Zhangsijia , Huang Liming , Zhang Shuang 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
This study analyzes the transmission of the current signal of an electronic
analgesic apparatus in arm muscles and provides a theoretical foundation for electrical stimulation
analgesia.

Methods:
By combining human anatomy and tissue structure, a numerical simulation-based finite
element model of the electronic analgesic apparatus is established using a frustum, cylinder,
and ellipsoid as geometric entities in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5. In the frequency domain environment,
the transmission mechanism of the signal in the arm is analyzed by inputting current
signals of 100 kHz, 1 MHz, and 10 MHz with an amplitude of ±20 mA.

Results:
With a continuous increase in carrier frequency, the effect of skin tissue becomes increasingly
clear, and the signal becomes increasingly concentrated in the part of the skin that
contacts the electrode. Moreover, diffusion inside the volume conductor loses consistency. At
100 kHz, as the communication distance from the electrode center gradually increases, the signal
spreads more evenly within the arm.

Conclusions:
In the process of implementing a muscle soreness treatment using the electronic
analgesic apparatus, a higher communication frequency makes it more difficult for the signal to
enter the interior of the body and degrade the consistency of the signal. Therefore, the signal
electrode should be placed as close as possible to the analgesic target area during the implementation
of electric current analgesia.
Field Pest Detection via Pyramid Vision Transformer and Prime Sample Attention
Authors: Jia Fuyun , Ye Yin 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Pest detection plays a crucial role in smart agriculture; it is one of the
primary factors that significantly impact crop yield and quality. Objective: In actual field environments,
pests often appear as dense and small objects, which pose a great challenge to field
pest detection. Therefore, this paper addresses the problem of dense small pest detection.

Methods:
We combine a pyramid vision transformer and prime sample attention (named PVTPSA)
to design an effective pest detection model. Firstly, a pyramid vision transformer is
adopted to extract pest feature information. Pyramid vision transformer fuses multi-scale pest
features through pyramid structure and can capture context information of small pests, which is
conducive to the feature expression of small pests. Then, we design prime sample attention to
guide the selection of pest samples in the model training process to alleviate the occlusion effect
between dense pests and enhance the overall pest detection accuracy.

Results:
The effectiveness of each module is verified by the ablation experiment. According to
the comparison experiment, the detection and inference performance of the PVT-PSA is better
than the other eleven detectors in field pest detection. Finally, we deploy the PVT- PSA model
on a terrestrial robot based on the Jetson TX2 motherboard for field pest detection.

Conclusion:
The pyramid vision transformer is utilized to extract relevant features of pests.
Additionally, prime sample attention is employed to identify key samples that aid in effectively
training the pest detection models. The model deployment further demonstrates the practicality
and effectiveness of our proposed approach in smart agriculture applications.
Effects of Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and Internet Sleep Hygiene Education on Sleep Quality and Executive Function Among Medical Students in Malaysia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mariappan Vijandran , Mukhtar Firdaus 
Published: December 2024

Background
Medical students are frequently affected by poor sleep quality. Since poor sleep quality has negative physiological and psychological consequences such as on executive function, there is an opportunity to improve sleep quality and executive functions using non-pharmacological intervention such as cognitive behavioural therapy.

Objective
The aim of this study therefore is to determine if improving sleep quality could improve executive functions in medical students with poor sleep quality by comparing cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) with sleep hygiene education (SHE) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods
A parallel group, RCT with a target sample of 120 medical students recruited from government-based medical universities in Malaysia. Eligible participants will be randomized to internet group CBT-I or internet group SHE in a 1:1 ratio. Assessments will be performed at baseline, post-intervention, 1 month, 3-months, and 6-months. The primary outcome is between-group differences in sleep quality and executive function post-baseline. The secondary outcomes include pre-sleep worry, attitude about sleep, sleep hygiene and sleep parameters.

Results
This study received approval from the Research Ethics Committee in Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM-2023-1446) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (JEP-2024-669). The clinical trial was also registered in Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN1264000243516). As of June 2024, the recruitment process is ongoing and a total of 48 and 49 students have been enrolled from the universities into the CBT-I and ISHE groups, respectively. All the participants provided signed and informed consent to participate in the study. Data collection has been completed for the baseline (pre-treatment assessment), and follow-up assessments for T1 and T2 for all the participants in both groups, while T3 and T4 assessments will be completed by July 2025. Data analysis will be performed by August 2025 and the research will be completed by December 2025.

Conclusions
This study is the first attempt to design a CBT intervention to ameliorate poor sleep quality and its related negative effects among medical students. This research is also the first large-scale exploring the relationship between health status and CBT-mediated sleep improvement among medical students.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12624000243516; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=387030

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/59288
Iconografía didáctica y poliorcética en el siglo XVIII. Las aportaciones de Jacques Rigaud
Authors: Sospedra-Roca Rafael , Hernàndez-Cardona Francesc Xavier , Boj-Cullell Isabel , Íñiguez-Gracia David 
Published: December 2024

Las guerras modernas giraron al entorno de la pirobalística y de la poliorcética. La ingeniería se convirtió en elemento central de la cultura militar y exigió el desarrollo de diferentes ciencias y disciplinas; y de la cartografía para representar los espacios de interés militar. Las representaciones iconográficas también cobraron protagonismo. Entre las obras instructivas destaca: "Representations des actions les plus considerables de siege d’une place", una serie de grabados didácticos realizados por Jacques Rigaud en 1732 que muestran las fases del asedio de una ciudad. Rigaud consideró el caso del asedio de Barcelona (1713-1714) para mostrar los pasos canónicos de un proceso de expugnación.
Mechanical heart valves between myths and new evidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Santarpino Giuseppe , Serraino Giuseppe F. , Cardetta Francesco , Di Mauro Michele , De Feo Marisa , Menicanti Lorenzo , Paparella Domenico , Mastroroberto Pasquale , Sorrentino Sabato , Speziale Giuseppe , Pollari Francesco , Mauro Marianna , Torella Michele , Coscioni Enrico , Chello Massimo , Barili Fabio , Parolari Alessandro ,   Italian Group of Research for Outcome in Cardiac Surgery (GIROC)
Published: December 2024

Aims
The use of mechanical valve prostheses in cardiac surgery remains a necessary and indicated intervention in a large number of patients. However, predicted results associated with their use, on which current guideline recommendations have been developed, are based on dated studies at risk of bias (e.g. use of old generation models, very high international normalized ratio regimes).

Methods
A comprehensive search in multiple electronic databases was conducted from January 1995 to January 2024 using predefined criteria. The primary outcomes included all-cause death, bleeding events and thromboembolic events (i.e. stroke) at follow-up.

Results
Overall, 38 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Cumulative meta-analysis results for mortality, thromboembolic events and bleeding events were initially extremely variable and tended to become more consistent over time. A meta-regression for the impact of age and sex on mortality showed no difference, whereas a meta-regression for the impact of age and sex on thromboembolic events and on bleeding events showed a higher risk in the elderly and in female patients, respectively.

Conclusion
The lack of fundamental information on the type of anticoagulant treatment (e.g. dosage, monitoring method) in the studies published to date does not allow us to draw any definitive conclusions on the outcomes of mechanical valve prostheses. The most recent studies have provided more consistent results, which in the past were highly variable, probably due to overcoming the bias in the use of prosthetic models of different generations.
Variability of secondary metabolism and morphogenesis of Ligustrum vulgare L. under different growing conditions in an urban environment
Authors: Derii Andrii , Pinchuk Andrii , Babyn Oleksandr , Sovakov Oleksandr , Likhanov Artur 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Assessing the condition of plants in an urban landscaping is a necessary component of monitoring urban ecosystems. Studying how the sensitivity of plants to stressful conditions and the influence of many factors on their growth and development is important for determining the suitability of using plants for urban improvement.
The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of stress factors on the growth and development of Ligustrum vulgare L. (commonly called privet). The research was conducted in the city of Kyiv, where the plants are affected by significant vehicle traffic, intense insolation or excessive shade, and mechanical traumatization of plants due to plant trimming. Shoots of Ligustrum vulgare L. of different ages and under different growing conditions were used for the analysis.
The research used methods of morphometry, chromatographic profiling of secondary metabolites, and statistical data processing. To analyze the morphogenesis of annual shoots, the Gaussian model was used, which accurately (R2 > 0.90) describes their growth processes. The model coefficients were used for a comparative assessment of the growth dynamics of Ligustrum vulgare L. shoots depending on the growing conditions and plant care. Correlation analysis also allowed for the identification of potential connections between the growth model coefficients and certain phenolic synthesis products. It was found that the plant trimming leads to an increase in the length of the shoots and accelerated growth of the side shoots. The obtained results may indicate that phenolic compounds, in particular chlorogenic acid, directly or indirectly affect the regulation of growth and development of shoots of Ligustrum vulgare L. in response to stress factors, such as mechanical injury. The content of chlorogenic acid positively correlates with the increase in the length of internodes, which indicates its possible role in morphogenesis. It has been established that the profiles of phenolic substances allow identification of Ligustrum plants at the species level. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analyses showed that the phenolic profiles of plants depend on their growing conditions and the urban environment. The study confirms the importance of plant trimming for stimulating plant growth. The significant adaptation potential of Ligustrum vulgare L. plants confirmed the suitability of their use in urban environments.
Fuel models for forest soil cover plant
Authors: Tyburski Łukasz , Czubak Damian , Szczygieł Ryszard , Kwiatkowski Mirosław 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study presents the development and application of forest fuel models to predict fire behaviour in different forest habitats, focusing on biomass distribution, moisture variability and the calorific value of soil cover components. On analysing forest fire data from 2007 to 2013, we identified high-risk habitats, especially in younger stands and in stands dominated by Scots pine. The variability of moisture in the different soil cover components, including litter and deadwood, was statistically analysed; it revealed significant dependencies on litter moisture and rain-free intervals. These dependencies allowed the creation of equations to accurately predict fuel load and moisture content based on stand age, habitat type and environmental conditions.
Using the calorific value measurements with an average calorific value of 18,920 kJ/kg for dry soil cover materials, fuel models were developed to estimate the potential intensity of fires. The models categorise the biomass into decayed, dead and live components and take into account key variables such as bulk density and moisture content that influence fire spread. Data-driven categorisation enables fire risk assessments at the compartment level, which increases accuracy compared to more comprehensive district-level assessments.
Applications of fuel models include mapping the spatial distribution of biomass by fuel type, creating fire hazard maps and optimising firefighting infrastructure. These models support planning and operations by enabling forest managers to visualise high-risk areas and predict fire behaviour based on real-time meteorological data. The models are a critical step towards a more effective firefighting system that provides fine-grained, actionable insights into fire risk at the local level.
The first report of Quercus brantii dieback caused by Lelliottia nimipressuralis in Zagros forests, Iran
Authors: Zolfaghari Roghayeh , Fayyaz Payam , Dalvand Forough , Rezaei Rasool 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the decline of Brant’s oak, the main and most important tree of Zagros, is widespread. Considering the importance of oak trees, this study aims to identify the causal agent of the oak decline. Eight bacterial strains were isolated from infected tissues of oak trees, and these eight isolates have been identified by phenotypic characteristics. Three of eight isolates induced typical hypersensitive reactions on tobacco leaves, suggesting that they were pathogenic. Also, they were characterized as circular, gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase negative, and catalase positive. The phenotypic and biochemical tests suggested that they belonged to the genus Entrobacter spp. One isolate (isolate Q1) exhibited amplification by PCR and was selected for the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of this isolate showed ≥ 93% similarity to the Enterobacter cloacae complex. While a combination of biochemical and physiological characteristics in combination with DNA sequence analysis revealed that the isolate Q1 is Lelliottia nimipressuralis. Pathogenicity test and Koch’s postulates on the healthy seedlings and observing the symptoms confirmed that the isolate Q1 was the causal agent of the wetwood disease on Quercus brantii. This is the first report of oak dieback caused by Lelliottia nimipressuralis in Iran.
Selected aspects of the impact of energy wood harvesting on the forest environment
Authors: Młynarski Wojciech 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global demand for energy, including renewable energy, continues to rise. As a result, the proportion of woody biomass used for energy purposes is also increasing. The article focuses on a literature review of selected natural consequences of forest biomass utilisation for the forest environment. The impacts of harvesting forest biomass for energy purposes consider three harvesting systems: conventional harvesting (CH), whole-tree harvesting (WTH) and whole-tree harvesting with stump removal (WTH + S). The results of the literature review show that harvesting for energy affects the forest environment, including soil productivity, forest water and biodiversity. The impacts are mostly negative and largely depend on the harvesting system. This literature review shows that the more intensive the timber harvesting system (WTH, WTH + S) is, the greater the impact on the natural environment. Of all systems, conventional timber harvesting (CH) has the best impact on the natural environment.