bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the context within academic health institutions toward improving equity-based, community and patient-engaged research
Authors: Adsul Prajakta , Sanchez-Youngman Shannon , Dickson Elizabeth , Jacquez Belkis , Kuhlemeier Alena , Muhammad Michael , Briant Katherine J. , Hempstead Bridgette , Mendoza Jason A. , Rosas Lisa G. , Patel Anisha , Rodriguez Espinosa Patricia , Akintobi Tabia , Castro-Reyes Paige , Carter-Edwards Lori , Wallerstein Nina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The continued momentum toward equity-based, patient/community-engaged research (P/CenR) is pushing health sciences to embrace principles of community-based participatory research. Much of this progress has hinged on individual patient/community–academic partnered research projects and partnerships with minimal institutional support from their academic health institutions.

Methods
We partnered with three academic health institutions and used mixed methods (i.e., institution-wide survey (n = 99); qualitative interviews with institutional leadership (n = 11); and focus group discussions (6 focus groups with patients and community members (n = 22); and researchers and research staff (n = 9)) to gain a deeper understanding of the institutional context.

Results
Five key themes emerged that were supported by quantitative data. First, the global pandemic and national events highlighting social injustices sparked a focus on health equity in academic institutions; however, (theme 2) such a focus did not always translate to support for P/CenR nor align with institutional reputation. Only 52% of academics and 79% of community partners believed that the institution is acting on the commitment to health equity (Χ2 = 6.466, p < 0.05). Third, institutional structures created power imbalances and community mistrust which were identified as key barriers to P/CenR. Fourth, participants reported that institutional resources and investments are necessary for recruitment and retention of community-engaged researchers. Finally, despite challenges, participants were motivated to transform current paradigms of research and noted that accountability, communication, and training were key facilitators.

Conclusions
Triangulating findings from this mixed-methods study revealed critical barriers which provide important targets for interventions to improving supportive policies and practices toward equity-based P/CenR.
Social impact evaluation analysis: a systematic qualitative method for assessing engineered products
Authors: Armstrong Andrew G. , Mattson Christopher A. , Salmon John L. , Dahlin Eric C. , Geilman Thomas B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Social impact has been widely discussed by the engineering community, but studies show that there is currently little systematic consideration of the social impact of products in both academia and in industry beyond social impacts on health and safety. While Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is useful for evaluating health and safety risks, new developments are needed to create an FMEA-style evaluation that can be applied to a wide range of social impacts for engineered products. The authors describe necessary modifications to traditional FMEA that transform it into a tool for social impact analysis. The modification of FMEA involves the introduction of positive and negative impacts, the inclusion of discrete and continuous impacts, the consideration of various stakeholder types, and the inclusion of uncertainty in place of detectability. This modified FMEA is referred to in this paper as Social Impact Effects Analysis (SIEA). The paper describes how SIEA is performed and articulates the potential benefits of SIEA.
A revised chemical weathering and sediment provenance history for the Late Miocene to recent Laxmi Basin, Arabian Sea
Authors: Clift Peter D. , Curtis Jacqueline G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Measuring chemical weathering histories in submarine fan deposits is critical if the impact of orogenic erosion on atmospheric CO2 levels is to be understood, yet existing records are often noisy and hard to interpret. In this study, we selected mudstones from two International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) sites from the Indus submarine fan and carefully removed the biogenic carbonate. The resulting records of chemical weathering show two trends, one of reducing chemical alteration since ∼8 Ma and which is associated with the Indus River, while a second trend is linked to sediment delivery from peninsular India. The second trend shows little temporal variation. Sediment deposited at IODP Site U1456 in the central Laxmi Basin is preferentially, but not exclusively, Indus-derived, while that at Site U1457 on the eastern flank of Laxmi Ridge is more peninsula-derived. Both trends show much less variability than seen in earlier studies in which various grain-size fractions were integrated together. The efficiency with which CO2 is removed from the atmosphere during chemical weathering has decreased over time in the Indus River-derived material. This reflects both lower degrees of alteration in the sediment since the late Miocene and increasing derivation of sediment from Himalayan sources, rather than more mafic Karakoram-Kohistan rocks. Previous estimates of CO2 consumption have overestimated the contribution that the Indus Basin has made to reducing atmospheric CO2 by ∼28–68%. This work emphasizes the importance of analysing appropriate largely silt-sized sediment when considering submarine fan records and in rigorously removing biogenic carbonate.
Cryo-EM reconstruction of helical polymers: Beyond the simple cases
Authors: Kreutzberger Mark A.B. , Sonani Ravi R. , Egelman Edward H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Helices are one of the most frequently encountered symmetries in biological assemblies. Helical symmetry has been exploited in electron microscopic studies as a limited number of filament images, in principle, can provide all the information needed to do a three-dimensional reconstruction of a polymer. Over the past 25 years, three-dimensional reconstructions of helical polymers from cryo-EM images have shifted completely from Fourier–Bessel methods to single-particle approaches. The single-particle approaches have allowed people to surmount the problem that very few biological polymers are crystalline in order, and despite the flexibility and heterogeneity present in most of these polymers, reaching a resolution where accurate atomic models can be built has now become the standard. While determining the correct helical symmetry may be very simple for something like F-actin, for many other polymers, particularly those formed from small peptides, it can be much more challenging. This review discusses why symmetry determination can be problematic, and why trial-and-error methods are still the best approach. Studies of many macromolecular assemblies, such as icosahedral capsids, have usually found that not imposing symmetry leads to a great reduction in resolution while at the same time revealing possibly interesting asymmetric features. We show that for certain helical assemblies asymmetric reconstructions can sometimes lead to greatly improved resolution. Further, in the case of supercoiled flagellar filaments from bacteria and archaea, we show that the imposition of helical symmetry can not only be wrong, but is not necessary, and obscures the mechanisms whereby these filaments supercoil.
Tight bound for the Erdős–Pósa property of tree minors
Authors: Dujmović Vida , Joret Gwenaël , Micek Piotr , Morin Pat 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLet
$T$
be a tree on
$t$
vertices. We prove that for every positive integer
$k$
and every graph
$G$
, either
$G$
contains
$k$
pairwise vertex-disjoint subgraphs each having a
$T$
minor, or there exists a set
$X$
of at most
$t(k-1)$
vertices of
$G$
such that
$G-X$
has no
$T$
minor. The bound on the size of
$X$
is best possible and improves on an earlier
$f(t)k$
bound proved by Fiorini, Joret, and Wood (2013) with some fast-growing function
$f(t)$
. Moreover, our proof is short and simple.
Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of reduced lead paediatric electrocardiograms
Authors: Damera Megan Carroll , Centanni Ryan , Sherman Ashley , Kline Jessica , Follansbee Christopher W. , Chang Philip M. , Malloy-Walton Lindsey E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Alternate electrocardiogram acquisition with fewer leads lacks systematic evaluation in children. This study aims to determine if electrocardiograms with fewer leads maintain diagnostic accuracy in paediatrics.Methods:This is a single-centre review of 200 randomly selected standard 12-lead electrocardiograms from our hospital database (2017–2020) for patients aged 2 weeks to 21 years. An overlay technique generated 8-lead (limb + V1/V6) and 6-lead (limb only) variations of the 12-lead tracings, resulting in a total of 600 electrocardiograms, which were then interpreted by two independent paediatric electrophysiologists.Results:In total, 18% (35/200) of the baseline electrocardiograms were abnormal. Intervals were measured in lead II for all electrocardiograms. Comparing 12-lead to 6- and 8-lead electrocardiograms, there was almost perfect agreement for specific rhythm identification (97.5–100%, κ 0.85-1). The 8-lead showed substantial agreement with 12-lead electrocardiograms when identifying specific electrocardiogram patterns (97.5–100%, κ 0.66–1). A similar degree of agreement was not demonstrated with the 6-lead variant. Utilising the 12-lead electrocardiogram as the gold standard, sensitivity and specificity of the 8- and 6-lead electrocardiogram were > 89% for specific rhythm identification. Specificity for specific pattern recognition was > 99% while sensitivity was < 90% for certain variables for both 6- and 8-lead electrocardiogram, likely due to smaller sample size and fewer abnormal electrocardiograms. There was high percent reader agreement (92.5–100%).Conclusions:8-lead electrocardiograms provide comparable diagnostic accuracy to 12-lead electrocardiograms for children. This information holds potential for future technological advancements in electrocardiogram acquisition tailored specifically for paediatrics. Additional studies are required to further refine conventional electrocardiogram acquisition.
The impact of surprise billing laws on hospital-based physician prices and network participation
Authors: Garmon Christopher , Li Yiting , Retchin Sheldon M. , Xu Wendy Yi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Prior to the No Surprises Act (NSA), numerous states passed laws protecting patients from surprise medical bills from out-of-network (OON) hospital-based physicians supporting elective treatment in in-network hospitals. Even in non-emergency situations, patients have little ability to choose physicians such as anaesthesiologists, pathologists or radiologists. Using a comprehensive, multi-payer claims database, we estimated the effect of these laws on hospital-based physician reimbursement, charges, network participation and potential surprise billing episodes. Overall, the state laws were associated with a reduction in anaesthesiology prices and charges, but an increase in pathology and radiology prices. The price effects for each state exhibit substantial heterogeneity. California and New Jersey experienced increases in network participation by anaesthesiologists and pathologists and reductions in potential surprise billing episodes, but, overall, we find little evidence of changes in network participation across all of the states implementing surprise billing laws. Our results suggest that the effects of the NSA may vary across states.
Short‐Lived Air Pollutants and Climate Forcers Through the Lens of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Chenchong , Pennington Elyse A. , He Liyin , Yang Jiani , Yu Xueying , Liu Yangfan , Seinfeld John H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDramatic reductions in anthropogenic emissions during the lockdowns of the COVID‐19 pandemic provide an unparalleled opportunity to assess responses of the Earth system to human activities. Here, we synthesize the latest progress in understanding changes in short‐lived atmospheric constituents, that is, aerosols, ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and methane (CH4), in response to COVID‐19 induced emission reductions and the associated climate impacts on regional and global scales. The large‐scale emission reduction in the transportation sector reduced near‐surface particulate and ozone concentrations, with certain regional enhancements modulated by atmospheric oxidizing capacity and abnormal meteorological conditions. The methane increase during the pandemic is a combined effect of fluctuations in methane emissions and chemical sinks. Global net radiative forcing of all short‐lived species was found to be small, but regionally, aerosol radiative impacts during the lockdowns were discernible near China and India. Aerosol microphysical effects on clouds and precipitation were reported from modeling assessments only, except for observed reductions in aircraft contrails. There exist moderate climatic impacts of the pandemic on regional surface temperature, atmospheric circulations, and ecosystems, mainly over populous and polluted areas. Novel methodologies emerge in the pandemic‐related research to achieve the synergy between observations from multiple platforms and model simulations and to overcome the enormous hurdles and sophistication in detection and attribution studies. The insight gained from COVID‐19 research concerning the complex interplay between emission, chemistry, and meteorology, as well as the unexpected climate forcing‐responses relationships, underscores future challenges for cleaning up the air and alleviating the adverse impacts of global warming.
Seventeen Million Years of Episodic Volcanism Recorded Within the Geologist Seamounts: Implications for Tectonic Drivers of Intraplate Volcanism
Authors: Scott Brandon , Konrad Kevin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUpwelling and decompression of mantle plumes is the primary mechanism for large volumes of intraplate volcanism; however, many seamounts do not correlate spatially, temporally, or geochemically with plumes. One region of enigmatic volcanism in the ocean basins that is not clearly attributable to plume‐derived magmatism is the Geologist Seamounts and the wider South Hawaiian Seamount Province (∼19°N, 157°W). Here we present new bathymetric maps as well as 40Ar/39Ar age determinations and major and trace element geochemistry for six remote‐operated vehicle recovered igneous rock samples (NOAA‐OER EX1504L3) and two dredged samples (KK840824‐02) from the Geologist Seamounts. The new ages indicate that volcanism was active from 90 to 87 Ma and 74 to 73 Ma, inferring that in conjunction with previous ages of ∼84 Ma, seamount emplacement initiated near the paleo Pacific‐Farallon spreading ridge and volcanism spanned at least ∼17 m.y. Geochemical analyses indicate that Geologist Seamount lava flows are highly alkalic and represent low‐degree partial mantle melts primarily formed from a mixture of melting within the garnet and spinel stability field. The ages and morphology inferred that the seamounts were likely not related to an extinct plume. Instead, we build upon previous models that local microblock formation corresponded to regional lithospheric extension. We propose that the microblock was bounded by the Molokai and short‐lived Kana Keoki fracture zones. Regional deformation and corresponding volcanism among the Geologist Seamounts associated with the microblock potentially occurred in pulses contemporaneous to independently constrained changes in Pacific Plate motion—indicating that major changes in plate vectors can generate intraplate volcanism.
Glacial Atlantic Carbon Storage Enhanced by a Shallow AMOC and Marine Aggregates Sinking
Authors: Liu Bo , Maerz Joeran , Ilyina Tatiana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRepresenting glacial‐interglacial changes in ocean carbon sequestration remains a major challenge for Earth System Models (ESMs). Uncertainties in ocean circulation and biological carbon export are essential causes for model‐data mismatch. We quantify the impact of these factors by calibrating the Max Planck Institute‐ESM. A shallower and weaker glacial Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) than the present day, achieved by decreasing background vertical diffusivity, enables capturing the main features in observed , 14 and . A prognostic sinking scheme responding to changing dust deposition and biological production enhances glacial ocean organic matter export efficiency in high latitudes. Together, the shallower AMOC and a comprehensive sinking scheme substantially improve model‐data comparison and carbon storage in the glacial Atlantic but not in the Pacific and Indian oceans, mainly due to reduced primary production. Our results yield that representing glacial‐interglacial ocean carbon storage in ESMs requires both constraining ocean circulation and improved biogeochemical processes.
Skillful Prediction of Indian Monsoon Intraseasonal Precipitation Using Central Indian Ocean Mode and Machine Learning
Authors: Zhou Lei , Yu Yanwei , Yan Bingqi , Zhao Xingyu , Qin Jianhuang , Tan Wei , Tang Youmin , Li Xiaofeng , Li Xiaojing , Dong Junyu , Chen Dake , Murtugudde Raghu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMonsoonal precipitation is dominated by intraseasonal variabilities, whose skillful prediction lead time is currently less than 5 days and remains a grand challenge. Here we show that an intrinsic variability in the Indian Ocean, the Central Indian Ocean (CIO) mode, when combined with a machine learning (ML) algorithm, can produce skillful predictions of intraseasonal precipitation over the monsoon region with a lead time of over 15 days, which is close to the theoretical predictability limit. This remarkable skill improvement stems from the fact that the CIO mode is dynamically related to the intraseasonal monsoon rainfall, while the data‐driven ML algorithm suppresses unwanted high‐frequency noise. Using the CIO mode and the ML algorithm, the forecast system hybridizes physical fundamentals and versatility of data‐driven algorithms. The identification of CIO mode and the verification of its significant contribution to intraseasonal predictions advance our understanding of the coupled monsoon system and also underscores the great potential of ML techniques in weather forecasts and climate predictions.
Wave‐Telescope Analysis for Multipoint Observatories: Impact of Timing and Spatial Uncertainties
Authors: Klein K. G. , Broeren T. , Roberts O. , Schulz L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe wave telescope technique is used to reconstruct spatial power distributions of space plasmas from multipoint spacecraft missions. This study aims to quantify the impact of uncalibrated uncertainties in the time synchronization and the spatial position on the accuracy of the wave telescope method for observatories with more than four spacecraft, for example, HelioSwarm a nine‐spacecraft NASA observatory currently in Phase B. We simulate synthetic data with systemic timing and spatial errors modeled using geometries drawn from HelioSwarm's Design Reference Mission, applying the wave telescope technique to estimate wavevectors for two characteristic ion‐scale waves. By carefully selecting optimal polyhedral configurations from the overall geometry, and combining signals from multiple polyhedra, the impact of systematic uncertainties and spatial aliasing can be significantly reduced, leading to more accurate wavevector identification for future multipoint missions.
Long‐Term Changes in Salinity in the South China Sea Due To Anthropogenic Forcing
Authors: Wu Y. , Zheng X.‐T. , Wang H. , Liu F. , Kang S. , Zhou L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChanges in ocean salinity are essential for the stratification of the upper ocean and the regional marine ecosystem. In this study, 10 sets of large ensemble experiments and multi‐model ensembles from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are used to investigate the effect of anthropogenic forcing on upper ocean salinity in the South China Sea (SCS). In most models, surface salinity increases during the historical period due to external forcing. Using the salinity budget, we find that a decrease in freshwater flux, particularly precipitation, is responsible for the increase in salinity, although horizontal advection also contributes to the change. Single forcing experiments reveal that the change in salinity in the SCS is mainly attributed to anthropogenic forcing, while the influence of natural forcing is relatively small. Anthropogenic aerosols (AAs) can decrease the dynamic and thermal components of precipitation, resulting in a considerable increase in salinity. In contrast, anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) have less effect on long‐term trend in SCS salinity because the GHG forcing leads to an increased thermal response of precipitation but a decreased dynamic response. Additionally, we use the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1) to evaluate the role of different aerosol emission sources in modulating the salinity change in the SCS. The experimental results show that aerosol emissions from Asia dominate the salinity change in the SCS by changing the local Hadley circulation. In contrast, the contribution of aerosol emissions from North America and Europe (NAEU) is much smaller.
Finite Element Method Modeling of the Wire Thickness of a Monopole on a Circular Ground Plane
Authors: Hynes C. G. , Vaughan R. G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSimulations and measurements of the input impedance and matching of a cylindrical monopole at the center of a circular ground plane are presented. The design parameters are the monopole length ( to ), the monopole radius ( to ), and the ground plane radius ( to ), where is the wavelength. Using new numerical results from the Finite Element Method (FEM), previous theoretical impedance results for an infinitesimally thin element are shown to be inaccurate for monopoles of practical thicknesses since there can be a strong dependence on the wire thickness—even for electrically very thin wires. The FEM offers convenient modeling for the wire thickness and the results match well with physical experiments. To obtain good antenna impedance matching to a 50 impedance, that is, dB, for any ground plane radius greater than (an arbitrary lower bound) and any practical wire monopole radius, the simulations show that a monopole length of can be used.
AR alterations inform circulating tumor DNA detection in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients
Authors: Knutson Todd P. , Luo Bin , Kobilka Anna , Lyman Jacqueline , Guo Siyuan , Munro Sarah A. , Li Yingming , Heer Rakesh , Gaughan Luke , Morris Michael J. , Beltran Himisha , Ryan Charles J. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Halabi Susan , Dehm Scott M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) of cancer patients is associated with poor prognosis, but is challenging to detect from low plasma volumes. In metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), ctDNA assays are needed to prognosticate outcomes of patients treated with androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors. We develop a custom targeted cfDNA sequencing assay, named AR-ctDETECT, to detect ctDNA in limiting plasma cfDNA available from mCRPC patients in the Alliance A031201 randomized phase 3 trial of enzalutamide with or without abiraterone. Of 776 patients, 59% are ctDNA-positive, with 26% having high ctDNA aneuploidy and 33% having low ctDNA aneuploidy but displaying AR gain or structural rearrangement, MYC/MYCN gain, or a pathogenic mutation. ctDNA-positive patients have significantly worse median overall survival than ctDNA-negative patients (29.0 months vs. 47.4 months, respectively). Here, we show that mCRPC patients identified as ctDNA-positive using the AR-ctDETECT assay have poor survival despite treatment with potent AR inhibitors in a phase 3 trial.