bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analgesic effect of Sansevieria longiflora (Sim) water extract and xylocaine cream on surgical wound incision in rats
Authors: Kilani MA , Hassan AZ , Fadason ST , Abidoye EO , Oladimeji LO , Obalowu AM , Kilani HM Badmus 
Published: June 2020

Analgesic effect of Sansevieria longiflora (S. longiflora) on surgically created wound was studied. Phytochemical screening of the crude water extracts was carried out following standard procedures. Sansevieria longiflora leaves was heated and the sap was squeezed into a sample bottle to be used as it was traditional believed. Its water extract was also prepared following standard procedure. Four (4) albino rats consisting of 2 males and 2 females were used for the study. One centimeter full thickness skin incision was created on 4 different locations at the dorsal region of each rat under anaesthesia. Each of the 4 wounds created was topically treated once daily with S. longiflora sap (E), S. longiflora water extract (F), Physiological saline solution (C) and xylocaine cream (G). The treatment regimen was rotated in a clockwise direction on each rat. Pain perception was evaluated with an algometer at 6:00 GMT (morning) and 18:00 GMT (evening) from day 1 post surgery for 5 days. The phytochemical studies revealed that S. longiflora contains carbohydrates, glycoside, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. Day1 after the surgery, the mean morning value of force (N) required to elicit pain in xylocaine treated wounds (5.2 ± 0.79) were significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of physiological saline solution (2.8 ± 0.29) whereas, not different from that of S. longiflora sap (4.48 ± 0.57) and water extract (4.2 ± 0.6). Similarly, on the day 5 after the surgery, the mean morning value of force (N) required to elicit pain in xylocaine treated wounds were significantly higher (p<0.0001) than that of physiological saline solution (PSS) treated wounds and not different from that of S. longiflora sap and water extract. This showed that S. longiflora sap and water extract possess analgesic effect on incisional wounds. This study serves as a preliminary study on this plant towards searching for potent analgesics that could be used for procedural pain management.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(2), 99-106, 2020
Seasonal variation of water quality and waste loads in Buriganga river with GIS visualization
Authors: Alam MK , Uddin MA , Satter MF , Majed N 
Published: June 2020

Pollution status of the Buriganga river has been assessed in this study using GIS tool to analyze the spatial and seasonal distribution of several water quality parameters from six surface water sampling stations. In addition, characterization of water quality from certain selected outfalls discharging wastewater along the river was accomplished as well. The observed surface water quality concentration was higher during dry season for BOD5 (13.68-22.8 mg/l), COD (22-30 mg/l), TDS (280- 303 mg/l), PO4(5.6- 7.3 mg/l) while an exception was found for NH3-N (0.67- 0.89 mg/l) and Turbidity (25.19 to 91.18). The DO level was found noticeably lower during dry season (1.73 to 2.36 mg/l) than wet season (3.27 to 4.68 mg/l). Moreover, Principal Component Analysis identified high ionic distributions during wet season and more organic pollution during dry season. Water quality parameters TDS, TSS, EC and COD were obtained in high concentration levels from industrial outfalls towards the downstream of the river while BOD5, NH3-N were higher from municipal wastewater outfalls towards the upstream of the river. The observed pollution loading from the outfalls revealed the location at Dholaikhal as the major pollution source in the river with a BOD5 (11681- 12243 kg/day) and TDS (9749- 32348 kg/day) loading. Accordingly, influence of nearest wastewater sources on the surface water quality was evident through GIS representation of the parameters.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(2), 113-130, 2020
Incidence of Major Insect Pests and Natural Enemies in Three Rice Growing Seasons of Bangladesh
Authors: Afrin S , Bari M N , Kabir M M M , Uddin A B M A , Haque S S 
Published: June 2020

Incidence of insect pests and their associated natural enemies was investigated from July 2017- June 2018 at six locations (Gazipur, Rajshahi, Barishal, Sonagazi, Rangpur, Cumilla) of Bangladesh to identify their major occurrence period as well as their incidence in three rice growing seasons, (Aus, T. Aman, and Boro). Among the tested locations, marked differences were found in the composition of insect pest and natural enemies. Higher number of pest population was found at Gazipur with 80,000 individuals for insect pest and 40,000 individuals for natural enemies. At least one peak for major insect pest and natural enemies suggested their specific occurrence period across the locations. Among the insect pests, major peak of GLH was found at Gazipur and Rajshahi during T. Aman season with 4,000 individuals for each location. In contrast, BPH population was as high as 10,000 individuals for Gazipur in October during T. Aman season. Additionally, it was high at Rajshahi in October and November with around 2,000 individuals of BPH. For WBPH, one major peak was found in October at Gazipur and Rajshahi with 10,000 and 2,000 individuals respectively. For YSB, it was higher at Rajshahi in October with over 6,000 individuals during T. Aman season. Moreover, one major peak also observed in Barishal with over 2,000 individuals in November. Among natural enemies, CDB population was observed mainly at three locations in between October and November with 900 individuals for Gazipur, 400 individuals for Rajshahi and 200 individuals for Barishal during T. Aman season. In contrast, for STPD population, two major peaks were found in Barishal with 6,000 and 5,000 individuals in December and March respectively during Boro season. For GMB population, it was observed at Gazipur in November with more than 20,000 individuals during T. Aman season whereas Rajshahi had around 2,000 individuals in the same month. However, higher incidence of GLH, BPH, and WBPH at Gazipur and Rajshahi suggested availability of insect pests during T. Aman season. In contrast, higher YSB incidence at Barishal and Rajshahi indicated their abundance in those areas. On the other hand, incidence of natural enemies at Gazipur indicated presence of greater biological control compared with other locations. In future, this information could serve as a reliable source in strengthening rice pest monitoring services as well as effective pest control in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(1): 35-43
Konfigurasi Cekungan Tomori Berdasarkan Data Gayaberat
Authors: Padmawidjaja Tatang 
Published: June 2020

Geophysical research in Tomori Basin, Kolonodale Bay using the gravity method was carried out to identified anticline structural trap in associated with hydrocarbon prospect. The occurence of hydrocarbon seepage in some places, indicate that hydrocarbon have been formed although its distribution is not clearly known. The gravity Bouguer anomaly resulted two groups of rock units: the group of 40 mGal up to 120 mGal gravity anomaly represent ultramafic rocks, and group of 30 mGal up to -80 mGal gravity anomaly reflected a sedimentary rocks basin. The subsurface modeling of the rock density can be grouped into three layers: the Cenozoic (2.5-2.55 gr/cm³ density), the Mesozoic (2.6-2.7 gr/cm³ density), and the Basement ( 2.8-2.9 gr/cm³ density). Elongated and vertical closure are reflected by anomaly 0-2 mGal with density 2.5 gr/cm3 to 2:55 mGal which is supposed to be oil and gas structures. The Source rock is characterized by 0 to -10 mGal anomaly interpreted as oil kitchen at sub-basin area. Location of the reservoir rock is assumed in the Cenozoic layer on Salodik Group with density of 2.5 gr/cm³. The Basement is estimated at depth of 3.5-4 km, derived from the Group of metamorphic and volcanic rocks.Keyword: Gravity, basin, residual anomaly, fault, anticline. DOI:10.33332/jgsm.2019.v20.1.27-36
Delays in referral from primary care worsen survival for patients with colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Arhi Chanpreet S , Burns Elaine M , Bottle Alex , Bouras George , Aylin Paul , Ziprin Paul , Darzi Ara 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundDelays in referral for patients with colorectal cancer may occur if the presenting symptom is falsely attributed to a benign condition.AimTo investigate whether delays in referral from primary care are associated with a later stage of cancer at diagnosis and worse prognosis.Design and settingA national retrospective cohort study in England including adult patients with colorectal cancer identified from the cancer registry with linkage to Clinical Practice Research Datalink, who had been referred following presentation to their GP with a ‘red flag’ or ‘non-specific’ symptom.MethodThe hazard ratios (HR) of death were calculated for delays in referral of between 2 weeks and 3 months, and >3 months, compared with referrals within 2 weeks.ResultsA total of 4527 (63.5%) patients with colon cancer and 2603 (36.5%) patients with rectal cancer were included in the study. The percentage of patients presenting with red-flag symptoms who experienced a delay of >3 months before referral was 16.9% of those with colon cancer and 13.5% of those with rectal cancer, compared with 35.7% of patients with colon cancer and 42.9% of patients with rectal cancer who presented with non-specific symptoms. Patients referred after 3 months with red-flag symptoms demonstrated a significantly worse prognosis than patients who were referred within 2 weeks (colon cancer: HR 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29 to 1.81; rectal cancer: HR 1.30; 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.60). This association was not seen for patients presenting with non-specific symptoms. Delays in referral were associated with a significantly higher proportion of late-stage cancers.ConclusionThe first presentation to the GP provides a referral opportunity to identify the underlying cancer, which, if missed, is associated with a later stage in diagnosis and worse survival.
Preventative health screening community events, a mechanism to target minority ethnic populations in improving primary care utilisation to improve health outcomes
Authors: Naqvi Raza , Gale Octavia 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPreventative medicine has become a central focus in primary care provision, with greater emphasis on education and access to health care screening. The Department of Health reports existing health inequalities and inequalities in access within ethnic minority groups. Studies assessing the value of community engagement in primary care have reported variable outcomes in term of subsequent service utilisation.AimTo consider the benefit of community-based health screening checks to improve access and health outcomes in minority ethnic groups.MethodAn open community health screening event (n = 43), to allow targeted screening within an ethnic minority population. Screening included BP, BMI, BM and cholesterol. Results were interpreted by a healthcare professional and counselling was provided regarding relevant risk factors. Post-event feedback was gathered to collate participant opinion and views.ResultsSeventy-nine per cent of participants were from ethnic minority backgrounds: 64% were overweight or obese and 53% of participants were referred to primary care for urgent review following abnormal findings. All those referred would not have accessed healthcare without the event referral. All (100%) participants believed it improved health education and access to health care.ConclusionThis study clearly demonstrates the value of targeted community-led screening and education events in public health promotion. There was a significant benefit in providing community-based screening. There is a need for a longitudinal analysis to determine the impact on health outcomes and long-term access to healthcare provision.
Bringing together child health professionals and dental experts to tackle oral health in children
Authors: Vasikaran Vinoshini , Soni Arpana , Watson Mando 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIn the UK, poor oral health among children continues to be a major public health concern. Primary care professionals are encouraged to take a proactive approach in engaging parents and carers to develop better oral health practices for their children. Unfortunately, research has shown that patients are often exposed to inconsistent and at worst conflicting advice.AimTo increase the confidence of primary care professionals in their knowledge surrounding preventative oral health and ensure the delivery of consistent and proactive oral health advice.MethodA local dentist and dental health educator were invited to a general practice multidisciplinary meeting to deliver an educational session on oral health advice for children. Qualitative and quantitative data in form of a questionnaire was collected to analyse the impact of the education session.ResultsThe meeting was attended by 15 healthcare professionals including GPs, paediatricians, a community mental health representative, and a school nurse. There were 78% of attendees who reported that they had never received any formal teaching on oral health care prior to this session. Qualitative data highlighted specific gaps in knowledge, while confidence ratings suggest significant improvement in confidence of attendees in their knowledge of oral health in children.ConclusionAchieving good oral health for all children requires the support of a wide range of healthcare professionals. Further education sessions such as this encourages joint learning and relationship building between professionals and influences behaviour to improve child health care as part of making every contact count. The emerging Primary Care Networks provide an excellent setting to deliver this education.
General practice is ‘different’: qualitative study of acculturation experiences of East Staffordshire general practice specialty trainees
Authors: Perera Dinusha , Mohanna Kay 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundUndergraduate medical education and postgraduate foundation training are largely secondary care based. General practice trainees also spend nearly half of their training in hospital rotations. Little is known about factors that support effective transition into general practice specialty training or belongingness experiences throughout training.AimTo explore the reported experiences of general practice trainee transition into general practice, training in hospital settings, and views of the future.MethodSemi-structured interviews with 18 purposively selected trainees plus observation and stakeholder discussions by a visiting Sri Lankan general practice trainee attending the vocational training scheme in a participant observer role.ResultsMastering core skills of general practice, undergraduate and early experience in general practice during specialty training, and general practice trainer guidance and role modelling facilitated transition. A reduced sense of belongingness during hospital rotations impacted on training and work. Building bridging social connections, personal agency initiatives to bring general practice relevance into hospital training, and secondary care affiliative behaviours were adaptive strategies. Allocation to more general practice relevant duties was thought to create value within the hospital team. General practice trainees are thriving with the support of general practice trainers and colleagues, vocational training scheme, and good work/life balance. International graduates require additional support in specific areas.ConclusionAdequate support towards transition into general practice and fostering belongingness in hospital settings is important due to the wider impact on training, patient care, and primary/secondary care integration. We propose a theoretical explanation based on Wenger’s social learning model, which may have useful practical implications.
An exploration of stakeholders’ perceptions of the extent to which the individual and collective views of patients with long-term conditions and their carers are heard and used to inform commissioning decisions within primary care
Authors: Brooks Jane 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundInvolving patients and carers in decisions that influence the delivery of health services is a statutory requirement across the NHS. However, current evidence suggests a gap exists between the theory, legislation and policy intentions and their practical implementation.AimThis research aimed to identify the nature and extent of that perceived gap.MethodAdopting a mixed-methods approach using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, stakeholders’ perceptions were explored regarding the extent to which the views of patients with long-term conditions and their carers are heard and used within primary care, across four clinical commissioning groups. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data; thematic analysis was applied to explore the qualitative data.ResultsData analysis demonstrated considerable difference between patients’ and carers’ perceptions and those of healthcare professionals regarding how well involvement is implemented. Three key themes emerged that were perceived to influence the effectiveness of involvement. These related to the need for effective communication of relevant, accessible information that meets people’s requirements; the need to take account of individuals’ expectations, ability, motivation, assumptions, and previous experience; and the need for organisations to provide effective systems and processes, including adequate time and focused training to support involvement, in addition to robust monitoring and evaluation of the extent to which outputs from involvement influence commissioning decisions.ConclusionThe literature suggests that no existing framework addresses all three key themes. Therefore, a revised framework for involvement was developed, informed by the three key themes, that can be tested across a larger sample and different healthcare settings.
Time for change? A comparative analysis of GPs’ opinions on appointment length
Authors: Murdoch Katherine 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe research on the benefits, disadvantages and factors that affect appointment length in general practice is fragmented. There is a need to draw the evidence together and who better to assess this than those on the front line.AimTo investigate GPs’ opinions on appointment length, including the factors that affect appointment length, its impact on doctors and the validity of increasing appointment length.MethodA questionnaire was sent to six general practices in Bristol and was completed by 30 GPs (response rate = 100%). Analysis of current appointment length, satisfaction and the ideal length was undertaken, alongside thoughts about the advantages and disadvantages of longer appointments. Ethical approval was successfully sought from Student Research Ethics Committee.ResultsMost doctors have 10-minute appointments (n = 29); however, 90% (n = 27) wished for 15 minutes. Appointments overrunning was described as a constant problem and resulting in stress. Longer appointments were due to multiple problems in a single consultation, mental health and multimorbidity. There did not appear to be any variation in viewpoints with practices, clinician experience and session length. The benefits of a longer appointment were a greater ability to deal with complex conditions, improved decision making, stress reduction and time to talk about interventions. However, 93.3% (n = 28) of doctors were concerned that there would be less appointments available if appointment lengths increased.ConclusionMost doctors would like longer appointments. In light of the concern about appointment availability, there needs to be research into whether this would substantiate.
GP views on the routine identification of older people living with frailty in primary care
Authors: Mulla Ebrahim , Orton Elizabeth , Kendrick Denise 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTo meet the challenges of an ageing population, the updated 2017/18 NHS GP contract requires primary care providers to use evidence-based frailty identification tools to risk-stratify all patients aged >65 years. Those patients flagged as moderately or severely frail should be clinically reviewed and if severe frailty is confirmed, providers have been asked to consider offering relevant interventions, with the overall aim of enabling these patients to live well for longer. However, there is limited knowledge about how this frailty contractual requirement is being operationalised in primary care.AimTo improve understanding of the barriers and facilitators GPs encounter when routinely identifying, risk-stratifying and providing interventions for people living with frailty in primary care.MethodThis was a two-part study: an initial survey via online questionnaire, with participants selected by maximum variation sampling to be followed up with a semi-structured telephone interview. All GPs working in the East Midlands region (Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, and Northamptonshire) were eligible to take part. The online questionnaire was analysed using descriptive statistics. Interview transcripts were analysed using framework analysis to identify key themes.ResultsIn total, 188 GPs responded to the survey. Eighteen GPs were interviewed. Four themes were identified: 1) beliefs about stratification and pro-active identification of frailty; 2) frailty stratification tools; 3) managing complexity, resources and models of care; and 4) drivers of GP behaviour.ConclusionThe study findings will inform the further development of NHS England policy on the frailty contractual requirement for primary care providers.
Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on lung cancer screening in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Margariti Charikleia , Kordowicz Maria , Selman Gillian , Nair Arjun , Akande Yvonne , Saleem Azhar , Rua Tiago 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundLung cancer screening with low-dose CT has been shown to decrease mortality. Low lung cancer survival rates in the UK, driven primarily by late-stage presentation, provide the impetus for implementing screening. Nascent guidance on screening in the UK recommends primary care case-finding. However, the potential impact and acceptability on primary care, and the opportunistic utilisation of other case-finding routes such as pharmacies, smoking cessation services and respiratory clinics, have not been fully explored.AimTo explore healthcare professionals’ views and perspectives about lung cancer screening and their preparedness and willingness to be involved in its implementation.MethodA qualitative study was carried out with semi-structured interviews conducted with GPs, pharmacists and staff from smoking cessation services within Southwark and Lambeth and from respiratory clinics in Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Trust in London in 2018. Sixteen participants were interviewed, and the interview transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsParticipants described lung cancer screening as an important diagnostic tool for capturing lung cancer at an earlier stage and in increasing survivorship. However, the majority expressed a lack of awareness and understanding, uncertainty and concerns about the validity of screening, its misuse and the potential impact on their patients and workload.ConclusionStudy participants had mixed opinions about lung cancer screening and expressed their concerns about its implementation. Addressing these concerns by providing resources and effective and detailed guidelines for their use may lead to greater engagement and willingness to be involved in lung cancer screening.