bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Spatial-Temporal Changes in 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET/CT and Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Enzalutamide
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Heath Elisabeth I. , Ferrari Anna , Sperger Jamie M. , Singh Anupama , Perlman Scott B. , Roth Alison R. , Perk Timothy G. , Modelska Katharina , Porcari Anthony , Duggan William , Lang Joshua M. , Jeraj Robert , Liu Glenn 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE Intrapatient treatment response heterogeneity is under-recognized. Quantitative total bone imaging (QTBI) using 18F-NaF positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans is a tool that allows characterization of interlesional treatment response heterogeneity in bone. Understanding spatial-temporal response is important to identify individuals who may benefit from treatment beyond progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Men with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with at least two lesions on bone scintigraphy were enrolled and treated with enzalutamide 160 mg daily (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02384382 ). 18F-NaF PET/CT scans were obtained at baseline (PET1), week 13 (PET2), and at the time of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression, standard radiographic or clinical progression, or at 2 years without progression (PET3). QTBI was used to determine lesion-level response. The primary end point was the proportion of men with at least one responding bone lesion on PET3 using QTBI. RESULTS Twenty-three men were enrolled. Duration on treatment ranged from 1.4 to 34.1 months. In general, global standardized uptake value (SUV) metrics decreased while on enzalutamide (PET2) and increased at the time of progression (PET3). The most robust predictor of PSA progression was change in SUVhetero (PET1 to PET3; hazard ratio, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.24 to 12.1). Although overall functional disease burden improved during enzalutamide treatment, an increase in total burden (SUVtotal) was seen at the time of progression, as measured by 18F-NaF PET/CT. All (22/22) evaluable men had at least one responding bone lesion at PET3 using QTBI. CONCLUSION We found that the proportion of progressing lesions was low, indicating that a substantial number of lesions appear to continue to benefit from enzalutamide beyond progression. Selective targeting of nonresponding lesions may be a reasonable approach to extend benefit.
Baseline results of a living systematic review for COVID-19 funded research projects
Authors: Norton Alice , Bucher Adrian , Antonio Emilia , Advani Nicole , Grund Henrike , Mburu Sheila , Clegg Emma , Boily-Larouche Genevieve , Lay A. Morgan , Carson Gail , Tufet Bayona Marta 
Published: September 2020

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented research response, demonstrating exceptional examples of rapid research and collaboration. There is however a need for greater coordination, with limited resources and the shifting global nature of the pandemic resulting in a proliferation of research projects underpowered and unable to achieve their aims.Methods:The UK Collaborative on Development Research (UKCDR) and Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R), two funder coordination groups have collaborated to develop a live database of funded research projects across the world relating to COVID-19. Drawing data continually from their members and further global funding bodies, as of 15thJuly 2020 the database contains 1,858 projects, funded by 25 funders, taking place across 102 countries. To our knowledge it is one of the most comprehensive databases, covering a wide breadth of research disciplines. The database is aligned to the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Research Roadmap: 2019 Novel Coronavirus. It is being used by the WHO, governments and multi-lateral policy makers, research funders and researchers.This living systematic review aims to supplement the database by providing an open accessible and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of the COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Both descriptive and thematic analysis will be presented and updated frequently to aid interpretation of the global COVID-19 funded research portfolio.Results:In this baseline analysis we provide the first detailed descriptive analysis of the database and focus our thematic analysis on research gaps, study populations and research locations (with a focus on resource-limited countries).Conclusions:This living systematic review will help both funders and researchers to prioritise resources to underfunded areas where there is greatest research need and facilitate further strategic collaboration.
PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG LABU KUNING MODIFIKASI HYDROGEN RICH WATER KEPADA MASYARAKAT
Authors: Budiarti Gita Indah , Wulandari Ayu , Mutmaina Siti 
Published: September 2020

Pumpkin flour is one alternative wheat substitute flour that has an advantage in terms of nutritional value, other than that the pumpkin fruit in Indonesia is quite abundant so it is potential to be used as food as well as subtituen wheat flour. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of treatment by soaking the pumpkin using hydrogen rich water to the physicochemical characteristics of starch as well as the texture, aroma and taste of processed pumpkin flour cake. The method done is to immersion using hydrogen rich water pH 5 and 9 for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours and then dried using a microwave and mashed with a blender then sifted using screening. Analysis conducted favorite test. The results showed that in the processed cakes shows the texture, aroma and distinctive flavor of the yellow pumpkin. Pumpkin flour is good to be used as a mixture of wheat flour in the manufacturing of various food processed such as wet cakes and biscuits.
A higher degree of polyethylene irradiation is associated with a reduced risk of revision for aseptic loosening in total hip arthroplasties using cemented acetabular components
Authors: Davis Edward T. , Pagkalos Joseph , Kopjar Branko 
Published: September 2020

Aims To investigate the effect of polyethylene manufacturing characteristics and irradiation dose on the survival of cemented and reverse hybrid total hip arthroplasties (THAs). Methods In this registry study, data from the National Joint Registry of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man (NJR) were linked with manufacturing data supplied by manufacturers. The primary endpoint was revision of any component. Cox proportional hazard regression was a primary analytic approach adjusting for competing risk of death, patient characteristics, head composition, and stem fixation. Results A total of 290,770 primary THAs were successfully linked with manufacturing characteristics. Overall 4,708 revisions were analyzed, 1,260 of which were due to aseptic loosening. Total radiation dose was identified as a risk factor and included in the Cox model. For statistical modelling of aseptic loosening, THAs were grouped into three categories: G1 (no radiation); G2 ( > 0 to < 5 Mrad); and G3 ( ≥ 5 Mrad). G1 had the worst survivorship. The Cox regression hazard ratio for revision due to aseptic loosening for G2 was 0.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58 to 0.83), and for G3 0.4 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.53). Male sex and uncemented stem fixation were associated with higher risk of revision and ceramic heads with lower risk. Conclusion Polyethylene irradiation was associated with reduced risk of revision for aseptic loosening. Radiation doses of ≥ 5 Mrad were associated with a further reduction in risk. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(9):563–571.
High étendue Fourier transform spectroscopy by quadratic off-axis path difference error cancellation
Authors: Routley Selene Amy , Flynn Jamie , Martin Antony , Palmer William 
Published: September 2020

Instrumentation design for Fourier transform spectroscopy has until now been hindered by a seemingly fundamental tradeoff between the étendue of the analyzed light source on one hand and the spectral resolution on the other. For example, if a freespace scanning Michelson interferometer is to achieve a spectral resolution of

4

c
m

−

1

, it can have a maximum angular field of view of roughly 1° for wavelengths in the neighborhood of

λ
=
800

n
m

, where the general tradeoff for this instrument is that the quotient

θ
m
2

/

Δ
k

of the square of the angular field of view

θ
m

and the minimum resolvable wavenumber difference

Δ
k

is a constant. This paper demonstrates a method to increase the angular field of view allowable for a given resolution by a full order of magnitude, and thus to increase the étendue and, with it, the potential power gathered from an extended source and potential measurement signal-to-noise ratio, by two orders of magnitude relative to the performance of a freespace Michelson interferometer. Generalizing this example, we argue that there may be no fundamental thermodynamic grounds for the tradeoff and that a scanning Fourier transform spectrometer can accept an arbitrarily high étendue field and still, in theory, achieve an arbitrarily narrow spectral resolution.
Vanadium dioxide-assisted broadband absorption and linear-to-circular polarization conversion based on a single metasurface design for the terahertz wave
Authors: Yan Dexian , Meng Miao , Li Jiusheng , Li Jining , Li Xiangjun 
Published: September 2020

Integrating tunable characteristics and multiple functions into a single metasurface has become a new scientific and technological undertaking that needs to deal with huge challenges, especially in the terahertz frequency region. The multifunctional design combining the broadband absorption and broadband polarization conversion using a single switchable metasurface is proposed in this paper. The switchable performance can be realized by treating the insulation to metal phase transition properties of vanadium dioxide (VO2). At high temperature (74 °C), the proposed metasurface can be used as a broadband absorber which consists of a VO2 square ring, polyimide (PI) spacer, and VO2 film. Simulated results show that the terahertz wave absorption can reach above 90% with the bandwidth ratio of 75% in the frequency range of 0.74 THz-1.62 THz. This absorber is insensitive to polarization resulted from the symmetry structure and also shows a good performance at large incident angles. Once the temperature is lower than the cooling phase transition temperature (about 62 °C) and VO2 is in insulation state, the metasurface can be transformed into a broadband linear-to-circular polarization converter. Numerical simulation depicts that the ellipticity reaches to -1 and the axis ratio is lower than 3 dB from 1.47 THz to 2.27 THz. The designed switchable metasurface provides the potential to be used in the fields of advanced research and intelligent applications in the terahertz frequency region.
Multi-element microscope optimization by a learned sensing network with composite physical layers
Authors: Kim Kanghyun , Konda Pavan Chandra , Cooke Colin L. , Appel Ron , Horstmeyer Roarke 
Published: September 2020

Standard microscopes offer a variety of settings to help improve the visibility of different specimens to the end microscope user. Increasingly, however, digital microscopes are used to capture images for automated interpretation by computer algorithms (e.g., for feature classification, detection, or segmentation), often without any human involvement. In this work, we investigate an approach to jointly optimize multiple microscope settings, together with a classification network, for improved performance with such automated tasks. We explore the interplay between optimization of programmable illumination and pupil transmission, using experimentally imaged blood smears for automated malaria parasite detection, to show that multi-element “learned sensing” outperforms its single-element counterpart. While not necessarily ideal for human interpretation, the network’s resulting low-resolution microscope images (20X-comparable) offer a machine learning network sufficient contrast to match the classification performance of corresponding high-resolution imagery (100X-comparable), pointing a path toward accurate automation over large fields-of-view.
Generation of a high-resolution 3D-printed freeform collimator for VCSEL-based 3D-depth sensing
Authors: Chen Bo , Claus Daniel , Russ Detlef , Nizami Moaaz Rauf 
Published: September 2020

This Letter discusses the generation of 3D-printed micro-optics to
obtain the desired beam profile from a multimode vertical-cavity
surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a significantly reduced divergence
angle via the usage of high-resolution two-photon polymerization. Due
to the low cost and compact packaging, the VCSEL array is a novel
light source for structured-light projection. Particularly for
long-distance 3D sensing applications, a greatly reduced divergence
angle ensures that a good signal with a sufficiently large number of
photons can be recorded, and the projected illumination spots do not
overlap. Therefore, exact laser beam characterization and appropriate
physical modeling are required in accurate production of an optimal
collimator lens. Furthermore, elliptical beam profiles with different
orientations can solve the correspondence problem and improve the
post-processing speed and robustness in structured light. To generate
this special type of beam profile and verify the optical design
process, this Letter describes thoroughly the optical prototyping
process starting from the beam characterization, the optical design to
the production of the two-photon polymerized optics, and its
validation. The test of the beam profile and divergence confirm a good
match of the produced optics with the physical optical simulation in
Zemax. The collimator transforms the input laser beam divergence angle
of 324 mrad to an output angle of 20 mrad only.
Lateral photovoltaic mid-infrared detector with a two-dimensional electron gas at the heterojunction interface
Authors: Zhu Jiaqi , Xu Hanlun , Wang Zhenglai , Chen Yansong , Ma Songsong , Ali Nasir , Zhu Haiming , Rahimi-Iman Arash , Wu Huizhen 
Published: September 2020

Mid-infrared (MIR) detection systems are pursuing element detectors with a high operating temperature, fast response speed, and high sensitivity to satisfy the increasing performance requirements that conventional detectors are unlikely to achieve. In this paper, we report a lateral photovoltaic MIR detector (LPVMIRD) based on a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the polar zincblende/rocksalt interface of CdTe/PbTe (111) heterojunctions (HJs). The LPVMIRDs possess identical asymmetric structures and operate without external biased voltage. Following the working principle of the LPVMIRDs, an analytical model is established where device performances are predicted theoretically. The proposed model is also applicable to other HJ systems based on a 2DEG. Furthermore, the LPVMIRDs are developed experimentally, and through infrared photoresponse characterizations, their response is revealed to originate from the intrinsic transition of PbTe caused by the unique energy-band alignment of the HJs. At a wavelength of 3 µm, the highest detectivity of the fabricated LPVMIRDs reaches

1.5

×

10

10

Jones. Moreover, the infrared impulse responses demonstrate an extremely fast response speed. The impressive performance characteristics of the LPVMIRDs are promising for applications in uncooled MIR detection.
Far-field transient absorption nanoscopy with sub-50  nm optical super-resolution
Authors: Bi Yali , Yang Chi , Tong Lei , Li Haozheng , Yu Boyu , Yan Shuai , Yang Guang , Deng Meng , Wang Yi , Bao Wei , Ye Lei , Wang Ping 
Published: September 2020

Nanoscopic imaging or characterizing is the mainstay of the development of advanced materials. Despite great progress in electronic and atomic force microscopies, label-free and far-field characterization of materials with deep sub-wavelength spatial resolution has long been highly desired. Herein, we demonstrate far-field super-resolution transient absorption (TA) imaging of two-dimensional material with a spatial resolution of sub-50 nm. By introducing a donut-shaped blue saturation laser, we effectively suppress the TA transition driven by near-infrared (NIR) pump–probe photons, and push the NIR-TA microscopy to sub-diffraction-limited resolution. Specifically, we demonstrate that our method can image the individual nano-grains in graphene with lateral resolution down to 36 nm. Further, we perform super-resolution TA imaging of nano-wrinkles in monolayer graphene, and the measured results are very consistent with the characterization by an atomic force microscope. This direct far-field optical nanoscopy holds great promise to achieve sub-20 nm spatial resolution and a few tens of femtoseconds temporal resolution upon further improvement and represents a paradigm shift in a broad range of hard and soft nanomaterial characterization.
Comparison of the inverse modeling approach and traditional methods to estimate the unsaturated hydraulic properties in a sandy loam soil
Authors: Scherger Leonardo Ezequiel , Zanello Victoria , Lexow Claudio 
Published: September 2020

The aim of this work is to compare the use of the inverse solution approach in the estimation of soil hydraulic properties with traditional tension disk infiltrometer (TDI) data analysis, field retention data and commonly used pedotransfer functions (PTFs). Field data were collected in an experimental plot located at Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Field infiltration under saturated conditions was measured by the inverse auger hole method and infiltration under unsaturated conditions were carried out with TDI. Field retention data (θ(h)) were also collected periodically. The HYDRUS 2D/3D software was used to optimize soil hydraulic parameters by inverse solution according to TDI data. The saturated hydraulic conductivity measured by inverse auger hole method (5.53 cm.h-1) and calculated by Wooding analytical approach (5.35 cm.h-1) and inverse numerical simulations (5.36 cm.h-1) showed very close values. According to macroporosity estimates infiltrated water is mainly conducted through soils micro and mesopores. Macropores only channeled 15.9% of total infiltrated flow. Soil water retention curves (SWRC) predicted by PTFs did not represented correctly field retention data. The best adjustment between water content at specific pressure heads predicted by SWRCs and field measured water content was reached by the TDI inverse solution approach (RMSE: 0.050 cm3.cm-3). The inverse solution approach probed to be a simple and practical method to obtain an accurate estimate of both, SWRC and hydraulic conductivity curve.
Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of the desensitizing and remineralizing agent in the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity after orthodontic debonding - a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Vatturu Sasipriya , Ganugapanta Vivek Reddy , Ravi Teja Naga , Singaraju Gowri Sankar , Mandava Prasad , JS Yamini Priyanka 
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Enamel loss is a common problem during various orthodontic procedures. The study aims to compare the efficacy of a desensitizer and remineraliszer in the reduction of the dentin hypersensitivity ( DH) associated with enamel microcracks after orthodontic debonding.
Methods. A unicentric two arm parallel study with 30 subjects randomly assigned to each groups following debonding. Group-1 subjects were treated with Gluma® desensitizer(5% glutaraldehyde and 35% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)) and the Group-2 intervention included a remineralizing agent GC Tooth Mousse Plus® ( casein phospho peptide and amorphous calcium Fluro phosphate ( (CPP:ACFP). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was utilized to evaluated DHas subjective perception of pain following the Air blast test and cold test. The VAS scale was indexed from 0-10 markings based on the intensity of perception. Five different time points T0 and T1-immediately after debonding and intervention on day 1, T2- 48 hours, and T3 after 72 hours were taken for the assessment of VAS scores.
Results. The VAS scores for the airblast test for group 1 were (2.73,0, 0.06, 0.03) and group 2 (2.46,0,0.16.0.13) at different periods. The sensitivity scores for the cold blast test for group 1 were (2.73,0, 0.13, 0.03) and for group 2 (2.46,0, 0.16, 0.13). There was 98 percent reduction in DH between T0 and T3 and was statistically significant( p<0.05) for both the groups.
Conclusion. Gluma® desensitizer and GC Tooth Mousse Plus® are equally effective in the reduction of DH in the orthodontic patient following debonding.
Uso de mTOR en el Trasplante Renal
Authors: Arley Vargas Diego Armando 
Published: September 2020

En los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio avanzado el trasplante renal es la principal medida terapéutica a implementar, sin embargo, el sistema inmune debe ser modulado para prevenir el riesgo de la perdida del injerto renal. El tratamiento inmunosupresor debe ser individualizado según el riesgo inmunológico de cada paciente; los mTOR son una alternativa que se debe considerar en los pacientes que serán sometidos a un trasplante renal, existen diferentes protocolos de uso, estas modalidades de inicio de fármaco pueden ser desde la conversión de Novo, la conversión temprana y la tardía; cada uno aporta ventajas y desventajas al paciente trasplantado. El medicamento no está excepto a efectos secundarios a con considerar dentro de los mas destacados la dislipidemia, el retardo en la cicatrización de heridas, la Neumo iris, la proteína Roa y el riesgo de rechazo agudo humoral.