bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arginase inhibitory properties of flavonoid compounds from the leaves of Mulberry (Morus alba, Moraceae)
Authors: Arraki Kamel , Totoson Perle , Attia Rym , Zedet Andy , Pudlo Marc , Messaoud Chokri , Demougeot Céline , Girard Corine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to isolate and identify bioactive molecules from Morus alba (Moraceae) leaves having arginase inhibitory activity towards the combat of clinical outcomes related to endothelial dysfunction.

Method
Extraction and isolation were carried out by successive macerations, prepurification by using a Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and separation using preparative PLC. The structures of the isolated components were established and confirmed by spectroscopic analyses, including the ESI-HRMS and NMR spectroscopic investigations. Biological evaluation was performed by using an in vitro assay with liver bovine purified arginase and by an ex vivo aortic ring study.

Key findings
We demonstrated that a phenolic extract from the leaves of M. alba possesses mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities. Investigation of the chemical constituents of its leaves results in the isolation and identification of ten compounds investigated in vitro for their arginase inhibitory capacities. Four compounds showed significant inhibition of arginase, with percentage inhibition ranging from 54% to 83% at 100 µm. In isolated rat aortic rings incubated with NO synthase inhibitor, Luteolin-7-diglucoside compound (2) was able to increase acetylcholine-induced relaxation.

Conclusions
These results demonstrated the attractive ability of M. alba to be a potential source for the discovery of new active products on vascular system.
Lexical Recognition in Deaf Children Learning American Sign Language: Activation of Semantic and Phonological Features of Signs
Authors: Lieberman Amy M. , Borovsky Arielle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChildren learning language efficiently process single words and activate semantic, phonological, and other features of words during recognition. We investigated lexical recognition in deaf children acquiring American Sign Language (ASL) to determine how perceiving language in the visual–spatial modality affects lexical recognition. Twenty native or early‐exposed signing deaf children (ages 4 to 8 years) participated in a visual world eye‐tracking study. Participants were presented with a single ASL sign, target picture, and three competitor pictures that varied in their phonological and semantic relationship to the target. Participants shifted gaze to the target picture shortly after sign offset. Participants showed robust evidence for activation of semantic but not phonological features of signs. However, in their behavioral responses, participants were most susceptible to phonological competitors. Results demonstrated that single word recognition in ASL is largely parallel to spoken language recognition among children who are developing a mature lexicon.
Semiautomated social media analytics for sensing societal impacts due to community disruptions during disasters
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Yao Wenlin , Yang Yang , Huang Ruihong , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the societal impacts caused by community disruptions (e.g., power outages and road closures), particularly during the response stage, with timeliness and sufficient detail is an underexplored, yet important, consideration. It is critical for effective decision‐making and coordination in disaster response and relief activities as well as post‐disaster virtual reconnaissance activities. This study proposes a semiautomated social media analytics approach for social sensing of Disaster Impacts and Societal Considerations (SocialDISC). This approach addresses two limitations of existing social media analytics approaches: lacking adaptability to the need of different analyzers or different disasters and missing the information related to subjective feelings, emotions, and opinions of the people. SocialDISC labels and clusters social media posts in each disruption category to facilitate scanning by analyzers. Analyzers, in this paper, are persons who acquire social impact information from social media data (e.g., infrastructure management personnel, volunteers, researchers from academia, and some residents impacted by the disaster). Furthermore, SocialDISC enables analyzers to quickly parse topics and emotion signals of each subevent to assess the societal impacts caused by disruption events. To demonstrate the performance of SocialDISC, the authors proposed a case study based on Hurricane Harvey, one of the costliest disasters in U.S. history, and analyzed the disruptions and corresponding societal impacts in different aspects. The analysis result shows that Houstonians suffered greatly from flooded houses, lack of access to food and water, and power outages. SocialDISC can foster an understanding of the relationship between disruptions of infrastructures and societal impacts, expectations of the public when facing disasters, and infrastructure interdependency and cascading failures. SocialDISC's provision of timely information about the societal impacts of people may help disaster response decision‐making.
Role of the pyruvate metabolic network on carbohydrate metabolism and virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Echlin Haley , Frank Matthew , Rock Charles , Rosch Jason W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen that must adapt to unique nutritional environments in several host niches. The pneumococcus can metabolize a range of carbohydrates that feed into glycolysis ending in pyruvate, which is catabolized by several enzymes. We investigated how the pneumococcus utilizes these enzymes to metabolize different carbohydrates and how this impacts survival in the host. Loss of ldh decreased bacterial burden in the nasopharynx and enhanced bacteremia in mice. Loss of spxB, pdhC or pfl2 decreased bacteremia and increased host survival. In glucose or galactose, loss of ldh increased capsule production, whereas loss of spxB and pdhC reduced capsule production. The pfl2 mutant exhibited reduced capsule production only in galactose. In glucose, pyruvate was metabolized primarily by LDH to generate lactate and NAD+ and by SpxB and PDHc to generate acetyl‐CoA. In galactose, pyruvate metabolism was shunted toward acetyl‐CoA production. The majority of acetyl‐CoA generated by PFL was used to regenerate NAD+ with a subset used in capsule production, while the acetyl‐CoA generated by SpxB and PDHc was utilized primarily for capsule biosynthesis. These data suggest that the pneumococcus can alter flux of pyruvate metabolism dependent on the carbohydrate present to succeed in distinct host niches.
Between nationalism and regionalism: Higher education policy and national/regional identity in Quebec and Wallonia
Authors: Moscovitz Hannah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores the nexus between nationalism/regionalism and higher education policy at the subnational scale. Relying on a Critical Discourse Analysis, the study investigates how notions of national/regional identity are discursively embedded in the higher education policy discussions of Quebec and Wallonia. A comparative approach based on the distinct logics of subnational politics in both cases is used. Whereas Quebec is considered a quintessential example of ‘subnationalism’, the Walloon case is defined as a political regionalist movement. The findings reveal the permeation of substate identity interests in both Quebec and Wallonia's higher education policy discussions, underscoring parallels between them despite their diverging characters. At the same time, the discourse analysis sheds light on important distinctions in the manner in which this identity discourse is articulated. By juxtaposing identity politics in ‘nationalist’ and ‘regionalist’ movements, the study aims to bridge their conceptualisation and critically reflect on the categorisation of subnational movements.
Vulnerability and hydraulic segmentations at the stem–leaf transition: coordination across Neotropical trees
Authors: Levionnois Sébastien , Ziegler Camille , Jansen Steven , Calvet Emma , Coste Sabrina , Stahl Clément , Salmon Camille , Delzon Sylvain , Guichard Charlotte , Heuret Patrick 
Published: June 2020

SummaryHydraulic segmentation at the stem–leaf transition predicts higher hydraulic resistance in leaves than in stems. Vulnerability segmentation, however, predicts lower embolism resistance in leaves. Both mechanisms should theoretically favour runaway embolism in leaves to preserve expensive organs such as stems, and should be tested for any potential coordination.We investigated the theoretical leaf‐specific conductivity based on an anatomical approach to quantify the degree of hydraulic segmentation across 21 tropical rainforest tree species. Xylem resistance to embolism in stems (flow‐centrifugation technique) and leaves (optical visualization method) was quantified to assess vulnerability segmentation.We found a pervasive hydraulic segmentation across species, but with a strong variability in the degree of segmentation. Despite a clear continuum in the degree of vulnerability segmentation, eight species showed a positive vulnerability segmentation (leaves less resistant to embolism than stems), whereas the remaining species studied exhibited a negative or no vulnerability segmentation.The degree of vulnerability segmentation was positively related to the degree of hydraulic segmentation, such that segmented species promote both mechanisms to hydraulically decouple leaf xylem from stem xylem. To what extent hydraulic and vulnerability segmentation determine drought resistance requires further integration of the leaf–stem transition at the whole‐plant level, including both xylem and outer xylem tissue.
Autosomal dominant hyper‐IgE syndrome: When hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be considered?
Authors: Oikonomopoulou Christina , Goussetis Evgenios 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAD‐HIES or Job's syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency, caused by dominant negative mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3. The syndrome is characterized by infectious, immunologic, and non‐immunologic manifestations and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and development of lymphomas. What has not yet been elucidated is the role of HSCT in the disease treatment spectrum. We review published cases of patients with AD‐HIES that underwent HSCT and attempt to clarify at what stage HSCT should be considered and what are the complications.
The effect of monoculture and rotation planting on soil bacterial community structure at different elevation in Hubei
Authors: Wu Jinping , Guo Fengling , Jiao Zhenbiao , Zhou Jie , Qiu Zhengming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHighland vegetables play an important role in meeting the demand for fresh vegetables in summer and also increasing the income of farmers in upland areas of China. With the large‐scale and intensive development of vegetable planting in upland areas, many of the farmers have used vegetable–maize rotation instead of the traditional maize monoculture pattern. The bacterial community and diversity under different planting patterns and elevations were investigated using next‐generation sequencing and Biolog Ecoplate. The average well colour development (AWCD) was greater at low elevation and under the vegetable–maize rotation. There were 15 classified bacterial genera related to the elevation and planting patterns. The relative abundance ofAquicellawas significantly affected by elevation andWPS‐1_genera_incertae_sedisby elevation and planting patterns (p< .01). At the same time, the only genus that was significantly affected by planting patterns wasAquicella(p< .05). Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soilpHand available N content were the main factors influencing the change in soil bacterial community structure in the different planting models and elevation, and the dominant species of soil bacteria wereStreptophytaandAridibacter.
Prevention of infection in xenotransplantation: Designated pathogen‐free swine in the safety equation
Authors: Fishman Jay A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPost‐transplantation infections are common. In immunosuppressed human xenograft recipients, infection is most likely to be due to the same pathogens seen in human allotransplantation. However, organisms derived from swine and transmitted with xenografts have the potential to cause novel infections in xenograft recipients. The specific organisms likely to cause infection or “xenosis” are unknown but are postulated to be like those causing infection in allograft recipients. On this basis, theoretical exclusion criteria have been developed to guide the development of source animal herds. Herds developed based on the exclusion of potential human pathogens have been termed “designated pathogen‐free” (DPF). Lists of potential pathogens will require revision with changing epidemiology of infection in swine worldwide and clinical experience. Development of new microbiological assays is required both for animal screening and in clinical diagnosis should infections occur. Genetic modifications of swine have the potential to eliminate certain infectious agents such as the porcine endogenous retrovirus; infectious complications of such modifications have not been observed. Unexpected, off target effects of genetic modifications require further study. Monitoring for infection in asymptomatic recipients is important to define infectious risks which are unknown in the absence of clinical trials data. Advanced microbiological techniques may be applied to diagnose and prevent infection in xenograft recipients.
Impact of passive heat acclimation on markers of kidney function during heat stress
Authors: Ravanelli Nicholas , Barry Hadiatou , Schlader Zachary J. , Gagnon Daniel 
Published: June 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does passive heat acclimation alter glomerular filtration rate and urine‐concentrating ability in response to passive heat stress?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged after passive heat stress, and heat acclimation did not alter this response. However, heat acclimation mitigated the reduction in urine‐concentrating ability and reduced the incidence of albuminuria in young healthy adults after passive heat stress. Collectively, these results suggest that passive heat acclimation might improve structural integrity and reduce glomerular permeability during passive heat stress.

AbstractLittle is known about the effect of heat acclimation on kidney function during heat stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of passive heat stress and subsequent passive heat acclimation on markers of kidney function. Twelve healthy adults (seven men and five women; 26 ± 5 years of age; 72.7 ± 8.6 kg; 172.4 ± 7.5 cm) underwent passive heat stress before and after a 7 day controlled hyperthermia heat acclimation protocol. The impact of passive heat exposure on urine and serum markers of kidney function was evaluated before and after heat acclimation. Glomerular filtration rate, determined from creatinine clearance, was unchanged with passive heat stress before (pre, 133 ± 41 ml min−1; post, 127 ± 51 ml min−1; P = 0.99) and after (pre, 129 ± 46 ml min−1; post, 130 ± 36 ml min−1; P = 0.99) heat acclimation. The urine‐to‐serum osmolality ratio was reduced after passive heating (P < 0.01), but heat acclimation did not alter this response. In comparison to baseline, free water clearance was greater after passive heating before (pre, −0.86 ± 0.67 ml min−1; post, 0.40 ± 1.01 ml min−1; P < 0.01) but not after (pre, −0.16 ± 0.57 ml min−1; post, 0.76 ± 1.2 ml min−1; P = 0.11) heat acclimation. Furthermore, passive heating increased the fractional excretion rate of potassium (P < 0.03) but not sodium (P = 0.13) or chloride (P = 0.20). Lastly, heat acclimation reduced the fractional incidence of albuminuria after passive heating (before, 58 ± 51%; after, 8 ± 29%; P = 0.03). Collectively, these results demonstrate that passive heat stress does not alter the glomerular filtration rate. However, heat acclimation might improve urine‐concentrating ability and filtration within the glomerulus.
E‐cigarettes and respiratory health: the latest evidence
Authors: Miyashita Lisa , Foley Gary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe E‐cigarette market continues to expand at an alarming rate with thousands of flavours available for purchase and continuously evolving devices. Now that it is a multi‐billion dollar industry and one without stringent regulation, there is rising concern over the safety of vaping products. Since June 2019, over 2800 cases of E‐cigarette‐associated acute lung toxicity have been reported in the USA, over 60 of which resulted in death. Many argue that E‐cigarettes offer a safer alternative to smoking, but we are evidently far from fully understanding the potential hazards that they pose to respiratory health. Although the risk of an outbreak in the UK has been considered low due to tighter E‐cigarette regulations, we cannot fully eliminate the possibility of similar events occurring in the future. With evidence frequently emerging of the harmful effects of E‐cigarettes to pulmonary health, there is an urgent need to define the long‐term implications of vaping. Studies show that E‐cigarette exposure can disrupt pulmonary homeostasis, with reports of gas exchange disturbance, reduced lung function, increased airway inflammation and oxidative stress, downregulation of immunity, and increased risk of respiratory infection. In this review, the latest research on the effect of E‐cigarette use on respiratory health will be presented.
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Multibody Analysis and Control of a Full-Wrist Exoskeleton for Tremor Alleviation
Authors: Wang Jiamin , Barry Oumar R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Uncontrollable shaking in the human wrist, caused by pathological tremor, can significantly undermine the power and accuracy in object manipulation. In this paper, the design of a tremor alleviating wrist exoskeleton (TAWE) is introduced. Unlike the works in the literature that only consider the flexion/extension (FE) motion, in this paper, we model the wrist joint as a constrained three-dimensional (3D) rotational joint accounting for the coupled FE and radial/ulnar deviation (RUD) motions. Hence TAWE, which features a six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) rigid linkage structure, aims to accurately monitor, suppress tremors, and provide light-power augmentation in both FE and RUD wrist motions. The presented study focuses on providing a fundamental understanding of the feasibility of TAWE through theoretical analyses. The analytical multibody modeling of the forearm–TAWE assembly provides insight into the necessary conditions for control, which indicates that reliable control conditions in the desired workspace can be acquired by tuning the design parameters. Nonlinear regressions are then implemented to identify the information that is crucial to the controller design from the unknown wrist kinematics. The proposed analytical model is validated numerically with V-REP and the result shows good agreement. Simulations also demonstrate the reliable performance of TAWE under controllers designed for tremor suppression and movement assistance.
Can Insoles Be Used to Improve Static and Dynamic Balance of Community-Dwelling Older Adults? A Systematic Review on Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Ma Christina Zong-Hao , Lam Wing-Kai , Chang Bao-Chi , Lee Winson Chiu-Chun 
Published: June 2020

This systematic review investigated the effects of orthopedic, vibrating, and textured insoles on the postural balance of community-dwelling older adults. Articles published in English from 1999 to 2019 investigating the effects of (a) orthopedic, (b) vibrating, and (c) textured insoles on static and dynamic balance in community-dwelling older adults were considered. Twenty-four trials with a total of 634 older adults were identified. The information gathered generally supported the balance-improving effects of orthopedic, vibrating, and textured insoles in both static and dynamic conditions among community-dwelling older adults. Further examination found that rigidity, texture patterns, vibration thresholds, and components like arch supports and heel cups are important factors in determining whether insoles can improve balance. This review highlights the potential of insoles for improving the static and dynamic balance of community-dwelling older adults. Good knowledge in insole designs and an understanding of medical conditions of older adults are required when attempts are made to improve postural balance using insoles.
There’s plenty of room at the Top: What will drive computer performance after Moore’s law?
Authors: Leiserson Charles E. , Thompson Neil C. , Emer Joel S. , Kuszmaul Bradley C. , Lampson Butler W. , Sanchez Daniel , Schardl Tao B. 
Published: June 2020

From bottom to topThe doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 2 years, a seemly inevitable trend that has been called Moore's law, has contributed immensely to improvements in computer performance. However, silicon-based transistors cannot get much smaller than they are today, and other approaches should be explored to keep performance growing. Leisersonet al.review recent examples and argue that the most promising place to look is at the top of the computing stack, where improvements in software, algorithms, and hardware architecture can bring the much-needed boost.Science, this issue p.eaam9744
Weekly and seasonal changes of intraocular pressure measured with an implanted intraocular telemetry sensor
Authors: Mansouri Kaweh , Gillmann Kevin , Rao Harsha Laxmana , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: June 2020

Background/AimsTo better understand seasonal and weekday intraocular pressure (IOP) variations, long-term daily IOP measurements were assessed in patients with glaucoma using an intraocular telemetric sensor.MethodsThis prospective, open-label, multicentre observational study analysed the IOP variation patterns in 22 eyes of 22 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (67.8±6.8 years, 36.4% female) who had undergone placement of an intraocular telemetric sensor at the time of cataract surgery. The telemetric system combines an implantable IOP sensor with a hand-held reading device. Patients were instructed to self-measure their IOP as often as desired, but at least four times daily. Analysis of variance and Tukey multiple-comparison correction were used to assess the statistical significance of average and peak IOP variations between individual weekdays and months.ResultsEach enrolled patient recorded daily IOP measurements for an average duration of 721 days. On average, IOPs were highest on Wednesdays and lowest on Fridays (p=0.002). There were significant variations of IOP throughout the year, and IOP showed a seasonal pattern. Between mid-winter (December–January) and mid-summer months, there was a reduction in mean IOP of 8.1% (-1.55 mm Hg, p<0.05).ConclusionThis study confirms previously observed seasonal variations of IOP. IOP was significantly higher in winter compared with summer months. Moreover, IOP was lower on Friday than on other days. The explanation for these results is not known.