bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of surface insulation properties of alumina/epoxy composites through ZrO2 film sprayed by plasma atomization
Authors: Lian Hongliang , Yan Jiyuan , Xie Jun , Song Yanze , Zhou Huahao , Kang Yuchan , Lü Fangcheng , Xie Qing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlumina/epoxy composites are widely used in the manufacture of basin insulators, but their surfaces tend to accumulate charges under the high‐voltage direct current (HVDC), which induce the decline of surface insulating property. In this article, the modification method of depositing ZrO2 film sprayed by plasma atomization was proposed to improve the surface insulation performance of the material. Argon was used as the plasma discharge gas, and ZrO (NO3)2.xH2O was used as the zirconium source. The morphology, surface roughness and the element content of materials were measured, and the surface conductivity, flashover voltage, and charge characteristics of the treated samples were tested. The experimental results displayed that a zirconia film was formed on the epoxy resin surface, which restrain the accumulation of surface charges. The surface conductivity of the modified sample was improved by 3 to 4 orders of magnitude, and the flashover voltage was increased by 20%. Studies have shown that: ZrO2 film sprayed by plasma atomization can improve the insulation performance of epoxy resin surface, and it provides an effective method for the surface modification of insulating materials.
Automatic positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Fox Henrik , Bitter Thomas , Sauzet Odile , Rudolph Volker , Oldenburg Olaf 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in heart failure patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF), and is associated with worsening cardiac function and increased mortality.

Objectives

The automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) trial tested the impact of APAP treatment on changes for the pre-specified endpoints: changes in peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), percent-predicted peak VO2 and oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2-AT).

Methods
This randomized, controlled pilot study included patients with chronic, stable HFrEF who had moderate-to-severe OSA. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either APAP (AutoSet™, ResMed) or nasal strips (control) for 6 months.

Results
76 patients have been randomized and 58 had complete data for final analysis. There was a statistically significant change in the APAP intervention arm for the primary endpoint percent-predicted peak VO2 in comparison to control (67 ± 17 to 73 ± 19%; p = 0.01). Additional primary endpoints peak VO2 and VO2-AT showed a trend in increase in the APAP group. Moreover, there were significant improvements within the APAP group for hypoxemia, left ventricular function and quality of life from baseline to 6 months, but not within the control group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.037, respectively).

Conclusion
APAP intervention was shown to significantly improve outcome compared to control group, represented in percent-predicted peak VO2, an established surrogate marker for cardiovascular prognosis in HFrEF. APAP has additional beneficial effects on hypoxemia, cardiac function and quality of life.
Reading the archive against the grain: Power relations, affective affinities and subjectivity in the documenta Archive
Authors: Dávila-Freire Mela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, the documenta Archive is read ‘against the grain’, that is, not in search for art-historically relevant information, but, instead, so as to find traces of subjective biases in its structure and/or emotional contents in its records. The aim of this exercise is to examine the subjective nuances in the archival structure, which every archive preserves even if these are not intentionally recorded. These nuances provide glimpses into an intellectual construction that is otherwise hidden.
Hegel’s Dialectical Method: A Response to the Modification View
Authors: Werner Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA prevailing view in the literature on Hegel’s dialectical method is that employing it involves advancing a false account and then modifying it to be closer to the truth. I will call this the Modification View. In this essay, I argue that the Modification View is incorrect. Hegel’s insight, I show, is that one can only explain the objective validity of a form of thought through employing that very form. Consequently, the dialectical method cannot relate to its subject matter as something given to it, and so cannot involve advancing and then correcting errors in one’s account.
Comparative studies on two phases of Archaean TTG magmas from different blocks of the North China Craton: petrogenesis and constraints on crustal evolution
Authors: Shan Houxiang , Zhai Mingguo , Mitchell RN , Liu Fu , Guo Jinghui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhole-rock major and trace elements and Hf isotopes of magmatic zircons of tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) rocks with different ages (2.9, 2.7 and 2.5 Ga) from the three blocks (the Eastern Block, Western Block and Trans-North China Orogen) of the North China Craton were compiled to investigate their respective petrogenesis, tectonic setting and implications for crustal growth and evolution. Geochemical features of the 2.5 Ga TTGs of the Eastern Block require melting of predominant rutile-bearing eclogite and subordinate garnet-amphibolite at higher pressure, while the source material of the 2.7 Ga TTGs is garnet-amphibolite or granulite at lower pressure. The 2.5 Ga TTGs have high Mg#, Cr and Ni, negative Nb–Ta anomalies and a juvenile basaltic crustal source, indicating derivation from the melting of a subducting slab. In contrast, features of the 2.7 Ga TTGs suggest generation from melting of thickened lower crust. The 2.5 and 2.7 Ga TTGs in the Trans-North China Orogen were formed at garnet-amphibolite to eclogite facies, and the source material of the 2.5 Ga TTGs in the Western Block is most likely garnet-amphibolite or eclogite. The 2.5 Ga TTGs in the Trans-North China Orogen and Western Block were generated by the melting of a subducting slab, whereas the 2.7 Ga TTGs in the Trans-North China Orogen derived from melting of thickened lower crust. The Hf isotopic data suggest both the 2.5 and 2.7 Ga TTG magmas were involved with contemporary crustal growth and reworking. The two-stage model age (TDM2) histograms show major crustal growth between 2.9 and 2.7 Ga for the whole North China Craton.
New Lights on Raja Krishnachandra and Early Hindu-European Intellectual Exchange
Authors: EHRLICH JOSHUA 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article presents and analyses two previously unknown sources on Raja Krishnachandra of Nadia (1710–83). While the raja has long been famed in Bengal as a patron of brahmans, scholarship on him has had to contend with a lack of evidence. The two new sources, reports of conversations between Krishnachandra and Europeans, furnish insights into his mind and milieu. They support recent arguments that he used brahmanical patronage to buttress his authority, and deception to deal with the ascendant East India Company. Their greatest contribution, however, is to reveal that the raja sought an active engagement with foreign intellectual traditions. They suggest that eighteenth-century Hindu learning, far from being inherently hidebound or insular, was amenable to outside influences.
Current trends in gene recovery mediated by the CRISPR-Cas system
Authors: Jang Hyeon-Ki , Song Beomjong , Hwang Gue-Ho , Bae Sangsu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe CRISPR-Cas system has undoubtedly revolutionized the genome editing field, enabling targeted gene disruption, regulation, and recovery in a guide RNA-specific manner. In this review, we focus on currently available gene recovery strategies that use CRISPR nucleases, particularly for the treatment of genetic disorders. Through the action of DNA repair mechanisms, CRISPR-mediated DNA cleavage at a genomic target can shift the reading frame to correct abnormal frameshifts, whereas DNA cleavage at two sites, which can induce large deletions or inversions, can correct structural abnormalities in DNA. Homology-mediated or homology-independent gene recovery strategies that require donor DNAs have been developed and widely applied to precisely correct mutated sequences in genes of interest. In contrast to the DNA cleavage-mediated gene correction methods listed above, base-editing tools enable base conversion in the absence of donor DNAs. In addition, CRISPR-associated transposases have been harnessed to generate a targeted knockin, and prime editors have been developed to edit tens of nucleotides in cells. Here, we introduce currently developed gene recovery strategies and discuss the pros and cons of each.
Structural basis of seamless excision and specific targeting by piggyBac transposase
Authors: Chen Qiujia , Luo Wentian , Veach Ruth Ann , Hickman Alison B. , Wilson Matthew H. , Dyda Fred 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe piggyBac DNA transposon is used widely in genome engineering applications. Unlike other transposons, its excision site can be precisely repaired without leaving footprints and it integrates specifically at TTAA tetranucleotides. We present cryo-EM structures of piggyBac transpososomes: a synaptic complex with hairpin DNA intermediates and a strand transfer complex capturing the integration step. The results show that the excised TTAA hairpin intermediate and the TTAA target adopt essentially identical conformations, providing a mechanistic link connecting the two unique properties of piggyBac. The transposase forms an asymmetric dimer in which the two central domains synapse the ends while two C-terminal domains form a separate dimer that contacts only one transposon end. In the strand transfer structure, target DNA is severely bent and the TTAA target is unpaired. In-cell data suggest that asymmetry promotes synaptic complex formation, and modifying ends with additional transposase binding sites stimulates activity.
Mechano-modulatory synthetic niches for liver organoid derivation
Authors: Sorrentino Giovanni , Rezakhani Saba , Yildiz Ece , Nuciforo Sandro , Heim Markus H. , Lutolf Matthias P. , Schoonjans Kristina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe recent demonstration that primary cells from the liver can be expanded in vitro as organoids holds enormous promise for regenerative medicine and disease modelling. The use of three-dimensional (3D) cultures based on ill-defined and potentially immunogenic matrices, however, hampers the translation of liver organoid technology into real-life applications. We here use chemically defined hydrogels for the efficient derivation of both mouse and human hepatic organoids. Organoid growth is found to be highly stiffness-sensitive, a mechanism independent of acto-myosin contractility and requiring instead activation of the Src family of kinases (SFKs) and yes-associated protein 1 (YAP). Aberrant matrix stiffness, on the other hand, results in compromised proliferative capacity. Finally, we demonstrate the establishment of biopsy-derived human liver organoids without the use of animal components at any step of the process. Our approach thus opens up exciting perspectives for the establishment of protocols for liver organoid-based regenerative medicine.
Giant room temperature anomalous Hall effect and tunable topology in a ferromagnetic topological semimetal Co2MnAl
Authors: Li Peigang , Koo Jahyun , Ning Wei , Li Jinguo , Miao Leixin , Min Lujin , Zhu Yanglin , Wang Yu , Alem Nasim , Liu Chao-Xing , Mao Zhiqiang , Yan Binghai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWeyl semimetals exhibit unusual surface states and anomalous transport phenomena. It is hard to manipulate the band structure topology of specific Weyl materials. Topological transport phenomena usually appear at very low temperatures, which sets challenges for applications. In this work, we demonstrate the band topology modification via a weak magnetic field in a ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal candidate, Co2MnAl, at room temperature. We observe a tunable, giant anomalous Hall effect (AHE) induced by the transition involving Weyl points and nodal rings. The AHE conductivity is as large as that of a 3D quantum AHE, with the Hall angle (ΘH) reaching a record value ($$\tan {\Theta }^{H}=0.21$$
tan

Θ

H

=
0.21
) at the room temperature among magnetic conductors. Furthermore, we propose a material recipe to generate large AHE by gaping nodal rings without requiring Weyl points. Our work reveals an intrinsically magnetic platform to explore the interplay between magnetic dynamics and topological physics for developing spintronic devices.
A single-hole spin qubit
Authors: Hendrickx N. W. , Lawrie W. I. L. , Petit L. , Sammak A. , Scappucci G. , Veldhorst M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQubits based on quantum dots have excellent prospects for scalable quantum technology due to their compatibility with standard semiconductor manufacturing. While early research focused on the simpler electron system, recent demonstrations using multi-hole quantum dots illustrated the favourable properties holes can offer for fast and scalable quantum control. Here, we establish a single-hole spin qubit in germanium and demonstrate the integration of single-shot readout and quantum control. We deplete a planar germanium double quantum dot to the last hole, confirmed by radio-frequency reflectrometry charge sensing. To demonstrate the integration of single-shot readout and qubit operation, we show Rabi driving on both qubits. We find remarkable electric control over the qubit resonance frequencies, providing great qubit addressability. Finally, we analyse the spin relaxation time, which we find to exceed one millisecond, setting the benchmark for hole quantum dot qubits. The ability to coherently manipulate a single hole spin underpins the quality of strained germanium and defines an excellent starting point for the construction of quantum hardware.
Modular microfluidics enables kinetic insight from time-resolved cryo-EM
Authors: Mäeots Märt-Erik , Lee Byungjin , Nans Andrea , Jeong Seung-Geun , Esfahani Mohammad M. N. , Ding Shan , Smith Daniel J. , Lee Chang-Soo , Lee Sung Sik , Peter Matthias , Enchev Radoslav I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMechanistic understanding of biochemical reactions requires structural and kinetic characterization of the underlying chemical processes. However, no single experimental technique can provide this information in a broadly applicable manner and thus structural studies of static macromolecules are often complemented by biophysical analysis. Moreover, the common strategy of utilizing mutants or crosslinking probes to stabilize intermediates is prone to trapping off-pathway artefacts and precludes determining the order of molecular events. Here we report a time-resolved sample preparation method for cryo-electron microscopy (trEM) using a modular microfluidic device, featuring a 3D-mixing unit and variable delay lines that enables automated, fast, and blot-free sample vitrification. This approach not only preserves high-resolution structural detail but also substantially improves sample integrity and protein distribution across the vitreous ice. We validate the method by visualising reaction intermediates of early RecA filament growth across three orders of magnitude on sub-second timescales. The trEM method reported here is versatile, reproducible, and readily adaptable to a broad spectrum of fundamental questions in biology.
Spatial defects nanoengineering for bipolar conductivity in MoS2
Authors: Zheng Xiaorui , Calò Annalisa , Cao Tengfei , Liu Xiangyu , Huang Zhujun , Das Paul Masih , Drndic Marija , Albisetti Edoardo , Lavini Francesco , Li Tai-De , Narang Vishal , King William P. , Harrold John W. , Vittadello Michele , Aruta Carmela , Shahrjerdi Davood , Riedo Elisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the atomistic origin of defects in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, their impact on the electronic properties, and how to control them is critical for future electronics and optoelectronics. Here, we demonstrate the integration of thermochemical scanning probe lithography (tc-SPL) with a flow-through reactive gas cell to achieve nanoscale control of defects in monolayer MoS2. The tc-SPL produced defects can present either p- or n-type doping on demand, depending on the used gasses, allowing the realization of field effect transistors, and p-n junctions with precise sub-μm spatial control, and a rectification ratio of over 104. Doping and defects formation are elucidated by means of X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and density functional theory. We find that p-type doping in HCl/H2O atmosphere is related to the rearrangement of sulfur atoms, and the formation of protruding covalent S-S bonds on the surface. Alternatively, local heating MoS2 in N2 produces n-character.
3D printing of multi-scalable structures via high penetration near-infrared photopolymerization
Authors: Zhu Junzhe , Zhang Qiang , Yang Tianqing , Liu Yu , Liu Ren 
Published: July 2020

Abstract3D printing consisted of in-situ UV-curing module can build complex 3D structures, in which direct ink writing can handle versatile materials. However, UV-based direct ink writing (DIW) is facing a trade-off between required curing intensity and effectiveness range, and it cannot implement multiscale parallelization at ease. We overcome these difficulties by ink design and introducing near-infrared (NIR) laser assisted module, and this increases the scalability of direct ink writing to solidify the deposited filament with diameter up to 4 mm, which is much beyond any of existing UV-assisted DIW. The NIR effectiveness range can expand to tens of centimeters and deliver the embedded writing capability. We also demonstrate its parallel manufacturing capability for simultaneous curing of multi-color filaments and freestanding objects. The strategy owns further advantages to be integrated with other types of ink-based 3D printing technologies for extensive applications.
A cytoskeleton regulator AVIL drives tumorigenesis in glioblastoma
Authors: Xie Zhongqiu , Janczyk Pawel Ł. , Zhang Ying , Liu Aiqun , Shi Xinrui , Singh Sandeep , Facemire Loryn , Kubow Kristopher , Li Zi , Jia Yuemeng , Schafer Dorothy , Mandell James W. , Abounader Roger , Li Hui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma is a deadly cancer, with no effective therapies. Better understanding and identification of selective targets are urgently needed. We found that advillin (AVIL) is overexpressed in all the glioblastomas we tested including glioblastoma stem/initiating cells, but hardly detectable in non-neoplastic astrocytes, neural stem cells or normal brain. Glioma patients with increased AVIL expression have a worse prognosis. Silencing AVIL nearly eradicated glioblastoma cells in culture, and dramatically inhibited in vivo xenografts in mice, but had no effect on normal control cells. Conversely, overexpressing AVIL promoted cell proliferation and migration, enabled fibroblasts to escape contact inhibition, and transformed immortalized astrocytes, supporting AVIL being a bona fide oncogene. We provide evidence that the tumorigenic effect of AVIL is partly mediated by FOXM1, which regulates LIN28B, whose expression also correlates with clinical prognosis. AVIL regulates the cytoskeleton through modulating F-actin, while mutants disrupting F-actin binding are defective in its tumorigenic capabilities.
Biological rhythms in the deep-sea hydrothermal mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus
Authors: Mat Audrey M. , Sarrazin Jozée , Markov Gabriel V. , Apremont Vincent , Dubreuil Christine , Eché Camille , Fabioux Caroline , Klopp Christophe , Sarradin Pierre-Marie , Tanguy Arnaud , Huvet Arnaud , Matabos Marjolaine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBiological rhythms are a fundamental property of life. The deep ocean covers 66% of our planet surface and is one of the largest biomes. The deep sea has long been considered as an arrhythmic environment because sunlight is totally absent below 1,000 m depth. In the present study, we have sequenced the temporal transcriptomes of a deep-sea species, the ecosystem-structuring vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. We reveal that tidal cycles predominate in the transcriptome and physiology of mussels fixed directly at hydrothermal vents at 1,688 m depth at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, whereas daily cycles prevail in mussels sampled after laboratory acclimation. We identify B. azoricus canonical circadian clock genes, and show that oscillations observed in deep-sea mussels could be either a direct response to environmental stimulus, or be driven endogenously by one or more biological clocks. This work generates in situ insights into temporal organisation in a deep-sea organism.
Mnemonic prediction errors bias hippocampal states
Authors: Bein Oded , Duncan Katherine , Davachi Lila 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen our experience violates our predictions, it is adaptive to upregulate encoding of novel information, while down-weighting retrieval of erroneous memory predictions to promote an updated representation of the world. We asked whether mnemonic prediction errors promote hippocampal encoding versus retrieval states, as marked by distinct network connectivity between hippocampal subfields. During fMRI scanning, participants were cued to internally retrieve well-learned complex room-images and were then presented with either an identical or a modified image (0-4 changes). In the left hemisphere, we find that CA1-entorhinal connectivity increases, and CA1-CA3 connectivity decreases, with the number of changes. Further, in the left CA1, the similarity between activity patterns during cued-retrieval of the learned room and during the image is lower when the image includes changes, consistent with a prediction error signal in CA1. Our findings provide a mechanism by which mnemonic prediction errors may drive memory updating—by biasing hippocampal states.
Liquid metal-based synthesis of high performance monolayer SnS piezoelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Khan Hareem , Mahmood Nasir , Zavabeti Ali , Elbourne Aaron , Rahman Md. Ataur , Zhang Bao Yue , Krishnamurthi Vaishnavi , Atkin Paul , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Yang Jiong , Zheng Guolin , Ravindran Anil R. , Walia Sumeet , Wang Lan , Russo Salvy P. , Daeneke Torben , Li Yongxiang , Kalantar-Zadeh Kourosh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe predicted strong piezoelectricity for monolayers of group IV monochalcogenides, together with their inherent flexibility, makes them likely candidates for developing flexible nanogenerators. Within this group, SnS is a potential choice for such nanogenerators due to its favourable semiconducting properties. To date, access to large-area and highly crystalline monolayer SnS has been challenging due to the presence of strong inter-layer interactions by the lone-pair electrons of S. Here we report single crystal across-the-plane and large-area monolayer SnS synthesis using a liquid metal-based technique. The characterisations confirm the formation of atomically thin SnS with a remarkable carrier mobility of ~35 cm2 V−1 s−1 and piezoelectric coefficient of ~26 pm V−1. Piezoelectric nanogenerators fabricated using the SnS monolayers demonstrate a peak output voltage of ~150 mV at 0.7% strain. The stable and flexible monolayer SnS can be implemented into a variety of systems for efficient energy harvesting.