bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asian race and origin have no clinically meaningful effects on polatuzumab vedotin pharmacokinetics in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Shi Rong , Lu Tong , Ku Grace , Ding Hao , Saito Tomohisa , Gibiansky Leonid , Agarwal Priya , Li Xiaobin , Jin Jin Yan , Girish Sandhya , Miles Dale , Li Chunze , Lu Dan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe CD79b-targeted antibody–drug conjugate polatuzumab vedotin (pola), alone and with chemoimmunotherapy, has clinical efficacy and a tolerable safety profile in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL). We assessed (a) whether exposure from global studies of pola is comparable to Asian patients, and (b) if the recommended pola dose is appropriate in Asian patients based on exposure.MethodsThe pharmacokinetics (PK) of pola in Asian and global populations was characterized for three analytes (antibody-conjugated monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) [acMMAE], total antibody, and unconjugated MMAE) in five phase 1b/2 single-agent and combination studies in B-NHL patients (JO29138 [JAPICCTI‐142580], DCS4968g [NCT01290549], GO27834 [NCT01691898], GO29044 [NCT01992653], and GO29365 [NCT02257567]). PK data were compared between Japanese phase 1 JO29138 (JAPICCTI‐142580) and global phase 1 DCS4968g (NCT01290549) studies and between Asian and non-Asian patients in the randomized relapsed/refractory B-NHL cohorts of the phase 1b/2 study GO29365 (NCT02257567). A population PK (popPK) model was used to assess the effects of Asian race and region on acMMAE and unconjugated MMAE exposure.ResultsPK non-compartmental analysis (NCA) parameters for the key analyte acMMAE in the Japanese JO29138 (JAPICCTI‐142580) and global phase 1 DCS4968g (NCT01290549) studies were similar. In GO29365 (NCT02257567), the phase 1b/2 combination study, mean exposure to the analytes was generally lower in Asian patients (by ~ 9.9 to 17.5%), but not to a clinically meaningful extent. Overall, the popPK model further suggested comparable PK in Asian patients with B-NHL (race or region) versus non-Asian patients.ConclusionRace has no clinically meaningful effect on pola PK. These results (and observations from efficacy/safety exposure–response analyses) support no pola dose adjustments are warranted for Asian patients with DLBCL.
Laser-induced ablation of tantalum in a wide range of pulse durations
Authors: Mittelmann Steffen , Oelmann Jannis , Brezinsek Sebastijan , Wu Ding , Ding Hongbin , Pretzler Georg 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present data and analysis of the laser-induced ablation of pure tantalum (Ta, $$Z=73$$

Z
=
73

). We have identified different physical regimes using a wide range of laser pulse durations. A comparison of the influence of strongly varying laser pulse parameters on high-Z materials is presented. The crater depth caused by three different laser systems of pulse duration $${\varDelta }\tau _1=5\,\mathrm {ns}$$

Δ

τ
1

=
5

ns

and wavelength $$\lambda _1=1064\,\mathrm {nm}$$

λ
1

=
1064

nm

, $${\varDelta }\tau _2=35\,\mathrm {ps}$$

Δ

τ
2

=
35

ps

, $$\lambda _2=355\,\mathrm {nm}$$

λ
2

=
355

nm

and $${\varDelta }\tau _3=8.5\,\mathrm {fs}$$

Δ

τ
3

=
8.5

fs

, $$\lambda _3=790\,\mathrm {nm}$$

λ
3

=
790

nm

are analyzed via confocal microscopy as a function of laser fluence and intensity. The minimum laser fluence needed for ablation, called threshold fluence, decreases with shorter pulse duration from $$1.10\,\mathrm {J/cm}^2$$

1.10

J
/
cm

2

for the nanosecond laser to $$0.17\,\mathrm {J/cm}^2$$

0.17

J
/
cm

2

for the femtosecond laser.
Fetal and maternal outcome after hyperimmunoglobulin administration for prevention of maternal–fetal transmission of cytomegalovirus during pregnancy: retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Seidel Vera , Hackelöer Max , Rancourt Rebecca C. , Henrich Wolfgang , Siedentopf Jan-Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the frequency of fetal infection as well as adverse pregnancy outcomes following antenatal hyperimmunoglobulin (HIG) treatment for primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in pregnancy.

Methods
In our observational cohort study, data from 46 women with a primary CMV infection during pregnancy were evaluated. Primary CMV infection was defined by seroconversion or the presence of CMV-IgM and low CMV-IgG avidity. All women received at least two or more infusions of HIG treatment (200 IU/kg). Congenital CMV infection (cCMV) was diagnosed by detection of CMV in amniotic fluid and/or neonatal urine. We compared the rate of maternal–fetal transmission from our cohort to data without treatment in the literature. The frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes was compared to those of live-born infants delivered in our clinic.

Results
We detected 11 intrauterine infections in our cohort, which correlates to a transmission rate of 23.9%. Compared to the transmission rate found in cases without treatment (39.9%), this is a significant reduction (P = 0.026). There were no adverse pregnancy outcomes in our cohort. The mean gestational age at delivery was 39 weeks gestation in treatment and control group.

Conclusion
The administration of HIG for prevention of maternal–fetal CMV transmission during pregnancy seems safe and effective.
Early discrimination of cognitive motor dissociation from disorders of consciousness: pitfalls and clues
Authors: Pincherle Alessandro , Rossi Frederic , Jöhr Jane , Dunet Vincent , Ryvlin Philippe , Oddo Mauro , Schiff Nicolas , Diserens Karin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBedside assessment of consciousness and awareness after a severe brain injury might be hampered by confounding clinical factors (i.e., pitfalls) interfering with the production of behavioral or motor responses to external stimuli. Despite the use of validated clinical scales, a high misdiagnosis rate is indeed observed. We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 49 patients with severe brain injury admitted to an acute neuro-rehabilitation program. Patients’ behavior was assessed using the Motor Behavior Tool and Coma Recovery Scale Revised. All patients underwent systematic assessment for pitfalls including polyneuropathy and/or myopathy and/or myelopathy, major cranial nerve palsies, non-convulsive status epilepticus, aphasia (expressive or comprehensive), cortical blindness, thalamic involvement and frontal akinetic syndrome. A high prevalence (75%) of pitfalls potentially interfering with sensory afference (polyneuropathy, myopathy, myelopathy, and sensory aphasia), motor efference (polyneuropathy, myopathy, motor aphasia, and frontal akinetic syndrome), and intrinsic brain activity (thalamic involvement and epilepsy) was found. Nonetheless, the motor behavior tool identified residual cognition (i.e. a cognitive motor dissociation condition) regardless of the presence of these pitfalls in 70% of the patients diagnosed as unresponsive using the Coma Recovery Scale Revised. On one hand, pitfalls might contribute to misdiagnosis. On the other, it could be argued that they are clues for diagnosing cognitive motor dissociation rather than true disorders of consciousness given their prominent effect on the sensory–motor input–output balance.
Effect of carbohydrate–protein supplementation on endurance training adaptations
Authors: Alghannam Abdullah F. , Templeman Iain , Thomas Joel E. , Jedrzejewski Dawid , Griffiths Samuel , Lemon Joseph , Byers Thomas , Reeves Sue , Gonzalez Javier T. , Thompson Dylan , Bilzon James , Tsintzas Kostas , Betts James A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the influence of post-exercise protein feeding upon the adaptive response to endurance exercise training.

Methods
In a randomised parallel group design, 25 healthy men and women completed 6 weeks of endurance exercise training by running on a treadmill for 30–60 min at 70–75% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 4 times/week. Participants ingested 1.6 g per kilogram of body mass (g kg BM−1) of carbohydrate (CHO) or an isocaloric carbohydrate–protein solution (CHO-P; 0.8 g carbohydrate kg BM−1 + 0.8 g protein kg BM−1) immediately and 1 h post-exercise. Expired gas, blood and muscle biopsy samples were taken at baseline and follow-up.

Results
Exercise training improved VO2max in both groups (p ≤ 0.001), but this increment was not different between groups either in absolute terms or relative to body mass (0.2 ± 0.2 L min−1 and 3.0 ± 2 mL kg−1 min−1, respectively). No change occurred in plasma albumin concentration from baseline to follow-up with CHO-P (4.18 ± 0.18 to 4.23 ± 0.17 g dL−1) or CHO (4.17 ± 0.17 to 4.12 ± 0.22 g dL−1; interaction: p > 0.05). Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) gene expression was up-regulated in CHO-P (+ 46%; p = 0.025) relative to CHO (+ 4%) following exercise training.

Conclusion
Post-exercise protein supplementation up-regulated the expression of mTOR in skeletal muscle over 6 weeks of endurance exercise training. However, the magnitude of improvement in VO2max was similar between groups.
Graph Isomorphism for $$(H_1,H_2)$$-Free Graphs: An Almost Complete Dichotomy
Authors: Bonamy Marthe , Bousquet Nicolas , Dabrowski Konrad K. , Johnson Matthew , Paulusma Daniël , Pierron Théo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe resolve the computational complexity of Graph Isomorphism for classes of graphs characterized by two forbidden induced subgraphs $$ H_{1} $$

H
1

and $$H_2$$

H
2

for all but six pairs $$(H_1,H_2)$$

(

H
1

,

H
2

)

. Schweitzer had previously shown that the number of open cases was finite, but without specifying the open cases. Grohe and Schweitzer proved that Graph Isomorphism is polynomial-time solvable on graph classes of bounded clique-width. Our work combines known results such as these with new results. By exploiting a relationship between Graph Isomorphism and clique-width, we simultaneously reduce the number of open cases for boundedness of clique-width for $$(H_1,H_2)$$

(

H
1

,

H
2

)

-free graphs to five.
Lightweight edge authentication for software defined networks
Authors: Almaini Amar , Al-Dubai Ahmed , Romdhani Imed , Schramm Martin , Alsarhan Ayoub 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOpenFlow is considered as the most known protocol for Software Defined Networking (SDN). The main drawback of OpenFlow is the lack of support of new header definitions, which is required by network operators to apply new packet encapsulations. While SDN’s logically centralized control plane could enhance network security by providing global visibility of the network state, it still has many side effects. The intelligent controllers that orchestrate the dumb switches are overloaded and become prone to failure. Delegating some level of control logic to the edge or, to be precise, the switches can offload the controllers from local state based decisions that do not require global network wide knowledge. Thus, this paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to propose the delegation of typical security functions from specialized middleboxes to the data plane. We leverage the opportunities offered by programming protocol-independent packet processors (P4) language to present two authentication techniques to assure that only legitimate nodes are able to access the network. The first technique is the port knocking and the second technique is the One-Time Password. Our experimental results indicate that our proposed techniques improve the network overall availability by offloading the controller as well as reducing the traffic in the network without noticeable negative impact on switches’ performance.
On observations of correlation functions and power spectra in rain: obfuscation by advection and sampling
Authors: Jameson A. R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRain is often characterized using statistical approaches. Among the most common are temporal correlations and power (variance) spectra from time series measurements at a single location. Likewise, temporal observations over a network are used to deduce a radial distribution function and spatial power spectra. In such studies the potential effects of advection on the results are ignored. Moreover, observations involve filtering of the data. In time, this may involve sampling over a sufficiently long period so as to increase statistical confidence in the measurement. The same is also true for spatial observations over a network which must contain a sufficient number of instruments for a reliable characterization of the spatial variability. This also usually includes some form of averaging over time as well. Temporal averaging amounts to a low pass filter that attenuates contributions from higher frequencies. In contrast, the finite dimension of a network acts as a high-pass filter that tends to suppress the lower wavenumbers much larger than the dimension of the network. In this work the effects of both the advection of the rain and the observational filtering are considered for the simplest case of wide-sense statistically stationary and homogeneous rain along one-dimension for rain exponentially correlated in both space and time. It is found that advection and filtering can significantly shift the portrayal of the rain from the true structures. Consequently, rainfall characterizations from observations should not be over-generalized to other situations.
2’-Fluoro-2’-deoxycytidine inhibits murine norovirus replication and synergizes MPA, ribavirin and T705
Authors: Yu Peifa , Wang Yining , Li Yunlong , Li Yang , Miao Zhijiang , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Pan Qiuwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNoroviruses are the main causative agents of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. However, no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment is available, imposing a heavy global health burden. The nucleoside analogue 2’-fluoro-2’-deoxycytidine (2’-FdC) has been reported to have broad antiviral activity. Here, we report that 2’-FdC significantly inhibits murine norovirus replication in macrophages. This effect was partially reversed by exogenous supplementation of cytidine triphosphate. The combination of 2’-FdC with mycophenolic acid, ribavirin or favipiravir (T705) exerts synergistic antiviral effects. These results indicate that 2’-FdC is a potential candidate for antiviral drug development against norovirus infection.
Shells as ‘extended architecture’: to escape isolation, social hermit crabs choose shells with the right external architecture
Authors: Krieger Jakob , Hörnig Marie K. , Laidre Mark E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnimals’ cognitive abilities can be tested by allowing them to choose between alternatives, with only one alternative offering the correct solution to a novel problem. Hermit crabs are evolutionarily specialized to navigate while carrying a shell, with alternative shells representing different forms of ‘extended architecture’, which effectively change the extent of physical space an individual occupies in the world. It is unknown whether individuals can choose such architecture to solve novel navigational problems. Here, we designed an experiment in which social hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus) had to choose between two alternative shells to solve a novel problem: escaping solitary confinement. Using X-ray microtomography and 3D-printing, we copied preferred shell types and then made artificial alterations to their inner or outer shell architecture, designing only some shells to have the correct architectural fit for escaping the opening of an isolated crab’s enclosure. In our ‘escape artist’ experimental design, crabs had to choose an otherwise less preferred shell, since only this shell had the right external architecture to allow the crab to free itself from isolation. Across multiple experiments, crabs were willing to forgo preferred shells and choose less preferred shells that enabled them to escape, suggesting these animals can solve novel navigational problems with extended architecture. Yet, it remains unclear if individuals solved this problem through trial-and-error or were aware of the deeper connection between escape and exterior shell architecture. Our experiments offer a foundation for further explorations of physical, social, and spatial cognition within the context of extended architecture.
Exploring the relationship between oral high-risk HPV infection and sexual behavior among over 400 medical professionals in Japan
Authors: Tokita Yuko , Ohno Yuko , Cho Hiroki , Fujii Makoto , Ishihara Hiroyuki , Inohara Hidenori 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
This study investigated the relationship between oral high-risk HPV (HR HPV) infection and sexual behavior in Japanese medical professionals.

Materials and methods
We collected oral specimens and a self–administered questionnaire from 234 men and 171 women.

Results
The oral HR HPV infection prevalence was 4.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.0–7.2]) overall, 7.3% (95% CI: 4.6–11.3) for men, and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3–4.2) for women. The number of sex partners had a significant influence on this prevalence, with variation by type of sexual behavior. The prevalence of oral HR HPV infection was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) among those with more than 20 lifetime overall sex partners (23.8%, 95% CI: 13.5–38.5) or oral sex partners (25.0%, 95% CI: 14.2–40.2). In terms of the number of vaginal sex partners, the prevalence was approximately the same for those with 6–10 (8.3%, 95% CI: 3.9–17.0), 11–20 (11.1%, 95% CI: 5.2–22.2), or more than 20 (11.5%, 95% CI: 4.0–29.0) partners (p = 0.0043). Furthermore, dividing the number of vaginal and oral sex partners into four categories (both>5, only vaginal>5, only oral>5, and both≤5), the infection prevalence was significantly higher when both vaginal and oral sex partners were more than five (12.5%, 95% CI: 7.7–19.6). The prevalence was also higher for those who had more oral than vaginal partners, compared with other groups (13.5%, 95% CI: 6.7–25.3).

Conclusions and clinical relevance
Oral HR HPV infection in Japan seems to be influenced by sexual behavior, and preventive health efforts such as vaccination and health education should be implemented.
Characteristic Scales for Turbulent Exchange Processes in a Real Urban Canopy
Authors: Barbano Francesco , Brattich Erika , Di Sabatino Silvana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn experimental field campaign is designed to unveil mechanisms responsible for turbulent exchange processes when mechanical and thermal effects are entwined. The focus is an urban street canyon with a mean aspect ratio H/W of 1.65 in the business centre of a mid-size Italian city (H is the mean building height and W is the mean canyon width). The exchange processes can be characterized by time scales and time-scale ratios specific to either mechanical or thermal process. Time scales describe the mixing caused by momentum and heat exchange within different canyon layers, while their rates are surrogates of their efficacy. Given that homogeneous mixing does not always occur within the canyon, several time scales are estimated at different levels, showing that mechanical and thermal processes may both contribute to enhance mixing. By computing mechanical time scales, it is found that the fastest mixing occurs at the canyon rooftop level for perpendicular or oblique wind directions, while slow mixing occurs for parallel directions. Thermal processes are faster than the mechanical ones and are particularly efficient for perpendicular wind directions. By calculating the time-scale ratios, exchange processes are found to facilitate mixing for most wind directions and to regulate the pollutant-concentration variability in the canyon. This variability can be associated with the local-circulation regime, demarcated as thermally driven or inertially driven using a buoyancy parameter, i.e., the ratio between thermal and inertial forcings. Using this approach, a generalization of the results is proposed, enabling the extension of the current investigation to different street-canyon aspect ratios.
Local staging of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence: mammography, ultrasound, or MRI?
Authors: Walstra Coco J. E. F. , Schipper Robert-Jan , Winter-Warnars Gonneke A. , Loo Claudette E. , Voogd Adri C. , Vrancken Peeters Marie-Jeanne T. F. D. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , Beets-Tan Regina G. H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite increasingly effective curative breast-conserving treatment (BCT) regimens for primary breast cancer, patients remain at risk for an ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR). With increasing interest for repeat BCT in selected patients with IBTR, a reliable assessment of the size of IBTR is important for surgical planning.

Aim
The primary aim of this study is to establish the performance in size estimation of XMG, US, and breast MRI in patients with IBTR. The secondary aim is to compare the detection of multifocality and contralateral lesions between XMG and MRI.

Patients and methods
The sizes of IBTR on mammography (XMG), ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 159 patients were compared to the sizes at final histopathology. The accuracy of the size estimates was addressed using Pearson’s coefficient and Bland–Altman plots. Secondary outcomes were the detection of multifocality and contralateral lesions between XMG and MRI.

Results
Both XMG and US significantly underestimated the tumor size by 3.5 and 4.8 mm, respectively, while MRI provided accurate tumor size estimation with a mean underestimation of 1.1 mm. The sensitivity for the detection of multifocality was significantly higher for MRI compared to XMG (25.5% vs. 5.5%). A contralateral malignancy was found in 4.4% of patients, and in 1.9%, it was detected by MRI only.

Conclusion
The addition of breast MRI to XMG and US in the preoperative workup of IBTR allows for more accurate size estimation. MRI provides a higher sensitivity for the detection of multifocality compared to XMG.
Splice variants of RAS—translational significance
Authors: Rásó Erzsébet 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne of the mechanisms potentially explaining the discrepancy between the number of human genes and the functional complexity of organisms is generating alternative splice variants, an attribute of the vast majority of multi-exon genes. Members of the RAS family, such as NRAS, KRAS and HRAS, all of which are of significant importance in cancer biology, are no exception. The structural and functional differences of these splice variants, particularly if they contain the canonical (and therefore routinely targeted for diagnostic purposes) hot spot mutations, pose a significant challenge for targeted therapies. We must therefore consider whether these alternative splice variants constitute a minor component as originally thought and how therapies targeting the canonical isoforms affect these alternative splice variants and their overall functions.