bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal stem cells‐derived exosomes improve pregnancy outcome through inducing maternal tolerance to the allogeneic fetus in abortion‐prone mating mouse
Authors: Xiang Yan‐Jie , Hou Yan‐Yan , Yan Hong‐Li , Liu Hui , Ge Yan‐Xin , Chen Na , Xiang Jian‐Feng , Hao Cui‐Fang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is three or more times of consecutive spontaneous loss of pregnancy. The underlying cause is complicated and the etiology of over 50% of RPL patients is unclear. In the present study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from CBA/J female mice and exosomes were isolated from cell culture medium by ultracentrifugation. CBA/J female mice were paired with male DBA/2 to generate abortion prone mouse model, and CBA/J females paired with male BALB/c mice were used as control. Exosomes were injected through uterine horns into pregnant CBA/J mice on day 4.5 of gestation in abortion‐prone matting. On day 13.5 of pregnancy, abortion rates were calculated and the level of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interleukin 10 (IL‐10), interferon g (IFN‐γ), and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF‐α) in CD4+ T cells and macrophages in deciduas were evaluated by flow cytometry. Exosomes injection improved the pregnancy outcomes in abortion prone mice. The IL‐4 and IL‐10 levels on CD4+ T cells were upregulated in the maternal–fetal interface; meanwhile, the TNF‐α and IFN‐γ levels on CD4+ T cells were reduced. The IL‐10 level was increased and IL‐12 was reduced on the monocytes that separated from deciduas. miR‐101 level was increased in the CD4+ T cells in the deciduas. In conclusion, the treatment of ESCs‐derived exosomes modulates T cells' function and macrophages activities in the maternal–fetal interface that resulted in a decreased embryo resorption rate, and provides a therapeutic potential to treat RPL.
Effect of height on the corrosion of steel and galvanized steel in nontropical coastal marine environments
Authors: Vera Rosa , de Rincón Oladis T. , Ramirez Jesús , Valverde Bárbara , Díaz‐Gómez Andrés , Sánchez‐González Rodrigo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, the behavior of carbon steel and galvanized steel in nontropical coastal marine environments was evaluated. Evaluation was carried out with specimens with dimensions of 10 cm × 10 cm × 0.3 cm. These specimens were exposed to four testing stations (Iquique, Mejillones, Los Vilos, and San Vicente), where racks were installed both at ground level (ground), as well as in the upper zone of electrical transmission towers (tower). In each station, 24 specimens of A36 carbon steel and galvanized steel were placed (12 each). The corrosivity of the environment was measured using the ISO 9223, 9225, and 9226 standards. The specimens were evaluated on‐site, monthly, through visual inspection and photographic record. Once withdrawn, the corrosion rate was determined and the corrosion products were analyzed through Raman and Fourier‐transform infrared. The results show that, in all cases, the corrosion rate is greater in the tower than on the ground. However, even though the Los Vilos station is located farther from the sea (3,500 vs. ≈500 m), the corrosion rate of steel in the tower is the highest. This is caused by the generation of HCl from the transformation of lepidocrocite into goethite, in the presence of low chloride content, which acidifies the steel/corrosion product interface. In the case of galvanized steel, the corrosion rate is a function of the chloride content in the atmosphere, obtaining an excellent correlation between both parameters.
Low‐profile SIW cavity antenna with enhanced bandwidth and controllable radiation null
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Tan Jie‐Hong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA low‐profile substrate‐integrated‐waveguide (SIW) cavity antenna with enhanced bandwidth and a controllable radiation null is proposed. Serving as radiating elements, two slots are etched on a square SIW cavity. Four cavity modes including a fundamental mode (FM), a half mode (HM), and two quarter modes (QMs) are excited by a capacitively coupled feeding disc. Their frequencies can be controlled by adjusting positions of the slots and disc. Three radiating modes (ie, a HM and two QMs) are utilized to realize an antenna passband with enhanced bandwidth while a nonradiating mode (ie, the FM) is utilized to achieve a radiation null resulting in the sharp upper sideband and high stopband suppression. Experimental results show that the fabricated antenna with the profile of less than 0.04λ0 obtains the bandwidth of 440 MHz, gain of 5.24 dBi, and efficiency of 84%. However, the gain sharply drops to −22.07 dBi and the efficiency achieves a very low value of 0.15% at the radiation null. Due to covering the frequency band of 3.40‐3.60 GHz, the proposed design has potential applications for fifth‐generation (5G) wireless systems.
SciFi detector and associated method for real‐time determination of profile and output factor for small fields in stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Pittet P. , Esteves J. , Galvan J.‐M. , Lu G.‐N. , Blanc F. , Haefeli G. , Hopchev P. , Rit S. , Desbat L. , Ribouton J. , Jalade P. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeFor determining small‐field profile and output factor during stereotactic radiotherapy quality assurance (QA) procedures, we propose a novel system based on the scintillating fiber (SciFi) detector with output image acquisition and processing to allow real‐time monitoring of profile and output factor.Materials and methodsThe employed detector is a SciFi detector made of tissue‐equivalent scintillating plastic fibers arranged in 6‐layer fiber ribbons with a fiber pitch of 275 μm in each layer. The scintillating signal at the detector output is acquired by a sCMOS (scientific complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor) camera and represents the projected field profile along the fibers axis. An iterative reconstruction method of the field from its projected profile based on a priori knowledge of some features of the radiation field defined by the stereotactic cones is suggested. The detector with implemented data processing has been tested in clinical conditions, for determining beam profiles and output factors, using cone collimators of different sizes from 4 to 15 mm diameter. The detector under test was placed at 1.4 cm depth and 98.6 cm source to surface distance (SSD) in a water‐equivalent phantom and irradiated by a 6 MV photon beam.ResultsThe reconstructed field profiles obtained from the detector are coherent with data from EBT3 radiochromic films, with differences within ±0.32 mm for both the FWHM and the penumbra region. For real‐time determination of the field output factor, the measured data are also in good agreement with data independently determined by the French Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) based on radiochromic films and thermoluminescent 1 × 1 mm2 micro‐cubes dosimeters (TLD). The differences are within ±1.6% for all the tested cone sizes.ConclusionsWe propose and have tested a SciFi plastic scintillating detector with an optimized signal processing method to characterize small fields defined by cone collimators. It allows the determination of key field parameters such as full width at half maximum (FWHM) and field output factors. The results are consistent with those independently measured using TLD and radiochromic films. As the SciFi detector does not require a correction factor, it is in line with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TRS‐483 recommendations, and can be suitable for online QA of small radiation fields used in photon beam radiotherapy, and is compatible with MRI‐LINAC.
Two‐step fabrication of lignin‐based flame retardant for enhancing the thermal and fire retardancy properties of epoxy resin composites
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Tao Ran , Dai Peng , Luo Zhenyang , He Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLignin is a biomass material that attracts more and more attention because of its extremely low utilization rate. In this paper, we have fabricated a lignin‐based flame retardant chemically grafted with PEI followed with polyphosphoric acid by a mild two‐step method. It is found that the nitrogen/phosphorus modified lignin exhibited a lower char forming temperature and enhanced thermal stability. After adding 7 wt% functionalized lignin, the maximum decomposition temperature of epoxy resin (EP) composite was reduced from 387°C to 364°C, while UL‐94 grade and limiting oxygen index was up to V‐0 grade and 31.4%, respectively, with excellent flame retardant effect. Moreover, the results of the characterization show that the carbon residue becomes much denser with the addition of multifunctional lignin‐based flame retardant. It is proposed that the phosphorus element acts to promote char formation in the EP composite, endowing the resin matrix with a dense char layer. And the dense char layer with released ammonia from the nitrogen element to block the entry of air during combustion achieves the purpose of high‐efficiency flame retardancy. This gentle and efficient multifunctional process enhances the driving force for a wide range of applications of lignin‐based flame retardants.
Mapping of land cover with open‐source software and ultra‐high‐resolution imagery acquired with unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Horning Ned , Fleishman Erica , Ersts Peter J. , Fogarty Frank A. , Wohlfeil Zillig Martha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to map and monitor the environment has increased sharply in the last few years. Many individuals and organizations have purchased consumer‐grade UAVs, and commonly acquire aerial photographs to map land cover. The resulting ultra‐high‐resolution (sub‐decimeter‐resolution) imagery has high information content, but automating the extraction of this information to create accurate, wall‐to‐wall land‐cover maps is quite difficult. We introduce image‐processing workflows that are based on open‐source software and can be used to create land‐cover maps from ultra‐high‐resolution aerial imagery. We compared four machine‐learning workflows for classifying images. Two workflows were based on random forest algorithms. Of these, one used a pixel‐by‐pixel approach available in ilastik, and the other used image segments and was implemented with R and the Orfeo ToolBox. The other two workflows used fully connected neural networks and convolutional neural networks implemented with Nenetic. We applied the four workflows to aerial photographs acquired in the Great Basin (western USA) at flying heights of 10 m, 45 m and 90 m above ground level. Our focal cover type was cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), a non‐native invasive grass that changes regional fire dynamics. The most accurate workflow for classifying ultra‐high‐resolution imagery depends on diverse factors that are influenced by image resolution and land‐cover characteristics, such as contrast, landscape patterns and the spectral texture of the land‐cover types being classified. For our application, the ilastik workflow yielded the highest overall accuracy (0.82–0.89) as assessed by pixel‐based accuracy.
Iron monosulfide identification: Field techniques to provide evidence of reducing conditions in soils
Authors: Duball Chelsea , Vaughan Karen , Berkowitz Jacob F. , Rabenhorst Martin C. , VanZomeren Christine M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe accurate and timely identification of soil morphological indicators of anaerobic conditions is critical for the proper documentation of hydric soils and prolonged soil saturation. Iron monosulfide (FeS) forms under anaerobic conditions following complexation of Fe and reduced S to form insoluble, black to very dark gray (value ≤ 4, chroma ≤ 1) concentrations and/or soil coatings. These features are observable as soft masses or pore linings or are dispersed throughout the soil matrix in the form of concentrated zones of FeS. Variation in soil and environmental conditions result in a wide range of FeS expression from <1 to 100% coverage of the soil matrix. We seek to explain the environmental conditions required for FeS formation and describe diagnostic methods to document FeS in a field setting. Field identification of FeS can be performed through an oxidized color change test (either ambient air or the application of 3% H2O2) and via the evolution of H2S after the application of 1 M HCl. The use of Indicator of Reduction in Soil (IRIS) devices provides additional supporting evidence of S reducing conditions in soils and thus environmental conditions conducive to FeS formation when other necessary constituents are present. The concepts and techniques outlined in this review can serve as useful resources to inform our understanding of belowground redox chemistry and facilitate the accurate identification of FeS in wet soil environments.
Devoted fans release more cortisol when watching live soccer matches
Authors: Newson Martha , Shiramizu Victor , Buhrmester Michael , Hattori Wallisen , Jong Jonathan , Yamamoto Emilia , Whitehouse Harvey 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhy do some sports fans experience intense emotions when watching live matches? Identity fusion is a strong form of group alignment in which personal and group identities are activated synergistically to produce a visceral sense of 'oneness' with one's team. Here we examine the role of fusion (using a three‐item state measure with high internal validity) in elevating salivary cortisol levels while watching football (n = 41). Our evidence was gathered at field laboratories during the 2014 sFIFA World Cup in Natal, Brazil, with live screenings of two Brazilian victories (Colombia, 2–1; Chile, 1–1 with penalties), and the historic semi‐final loss to Germany (1–7). We replicated previous studies showing that salivary cortisol concentrations fluctuate during live football events and are related to group membershipbut we also extended them by showing that identity fusion is even more strongly related to cortisol concentrations than identification. We found an interaction between match outcome and cortisol, such that watching a loss, i.e. dysphoria, was associated with particularly high cortisol concentrations. While women were more fused to the team than men, there were no other gender effects. Taken together, these findings suggest that identity fusion modulates physiological reactivity, resulting in distinct psycho‐physiological profiles during stressful events.
Enhancement of Solar‐Driven Photocatalytic Activity of BiOI Nanosheets through Predominant Exposed High Energy Facets and Vacancy Engineering
Authors: Bai Jinwu , Sun Jingyu , Zhu Xiaohe , Liu Jiandang , Zhang Haijun , Yin Xue‐Bo , Liu Lu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe increasing application of exposed high energy facet is an effective strategy to improve the photocatalytic performance of photocatalysts because the vacancies are beneficial to photocatalytic reaction. Vacancy dominates numerous distinct properties of semiconductor materials and thus plays a conclusive role in the photocatalysis applications. In this work, two kinds of BiOI nanomaterials with different vacancies are synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. The positron annihilation analysis shows that the thinner BiOI nanosheets possess larger‐sized vacancy than BiOI nanoplates. Thus, BiOI nanosheets show the enhanced separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs and adsorption ability for contaminants under visible light. The results are also validated with the first‐principle computation. Therefore, higher photocatalytic activity to the photodegradation of tetracycline is observed from the nanosheets than that obtained from BiOI nanoplates. This work not only arouses attention to vacancies, but also opens up an avenue for precision design of vacancies to prepare novel photocatalytic materials driven under solar light.
Large‐Scale Modification of Commercial Copper Foil with Lithiophilic Metal Layer for Li Metal Battery
Authors: Cui Shiqiang , Zhai Pengbo , Yang Weiwei , Wei Yi , Xiao Jing , Deng Libo , Gong Yongji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe application and development of lithium metal battery are severely restricted by the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrite and poor cycle stability. Uniform lithium deposition is the core to solve these problems, but it is difficult to be achieved on commercial Cu collectors. In this work, a simple and commercially viable strategy is utilized for large‐scale preparation of a modified planar Cu collector with lithiophilic Ag nanoparticles by a simple substitution reaction. As a result, the Li metal shows a cobblestone‐like morphology with similar size and uniform distribution rather than Li dendrites. Interestingly, a high‐quality solid electrolyte interphase layer in egg shell‐like morphology with fast ion diffusion channels is formed on the interface of the collector, exhibiting good stability with long‐term cycles. Moreover, at the current density of 1 mA cm−2 for 1 mAh cm−2, the Ag modified planar Cu collector shows an ultralow nucleation overpotential (close to 0 mV) and a stable coulombic efficiency of 98.54% for more than 600 cycles as well as long lifespan beyond 900 h in a Li|Cu‐Ag@Li cell, indicating the ability of this method to realize stable Li metal batteries. Finally, full cells paired with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 show superior rate performance and stability compared with those paired with Li foil.
Festina lente:1 EFT constraints from charged black hole evaporation in de Sitter
Authors: Montero Miguel , Van Riet Thomas , Venken Gerben 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the Swampland philosophy of constraining EFTs from black hole mechanics we study charged black hole evaporation in de Sitter space. We establish how the black hole mass and charge change over time due to both Hawking radiation and Schwinger pair production as a function of the masses and charges of the elementary particles in the theory. We find a lower bound on the mass of charged particles by demanding that large charged black holes evaporate back to empty de Sitter space, in accordance with the thermal picture of the de Sitter static patch. This bound is satisfied by the charged spectrum of the Standard Model. We discuss phenomenological implications for the cosmological hierarchy problem and inflation. Enforcing the thermal picture also leads to a heuristic remnant argument for the Weak Gravity Conjecture in de Sitter space, where the usual kinematic arguments do not work. We also comment on a possible relation between WGC and universal bounds on equilibration times. All in all, charged black holes in de Sitter should make haste to evaporate, but they should not rush it.2
Off-Spectral Analysis of Bergman Kernels
Authors: Hedenmalm Haakan , Wennman Aron 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe asymptotic analysis of Bergman kernels with respect to exponentially varying measures near emergent interfaces has attracted recent attention. Such interfaces typically occur when the associated limiting Bergman density function vanishes on a portion of the plane,the off-spectral region. This type of behavior is observed when the metric is negatively curved somewhere, or when we study partial Bergman kernels in the context of positively curved metrics. In this work, we cover these two situations in a unified way, for exponentially varying weights on the complex plane. We obtain a uniform asymptotic expansion of thecoherent state of depthnrooted at an off-spectral point, which we also refer to as theroot functionat the point in question. The expansion is valid in the entire off-spectral component containing the root point, and protrudes into the spectrum as well. This allows us to obtain error function transition behavior of the density of states along the smooth interface. Previous work on asymptotic expansions of Bergman kernels is typically local, and valid only in the bulk region of the spectrum, which contrasts with our non-local expansions.
Reconstruction of surface-pressure fluctuations using deflectometry and the virtual fields method
Authors: Kaufmann R. , Ganapathisubramani B. , Pierron F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study presents an approach for obtaining full-field dynamic surface-pressure reconstructions with low differential amplitudes. The method is demonstrated in a setup where an air jet is impinging on a flat plate. Deformations of the flat plate under dynamic loading of the impinging jet were obtained using a deflectometry setup that allows measurement of surface slopes with high accuracy and sensitivity. The measured slope information was then used as input for the virtual fields method to reconstruct pressure. Pressure fluctuations with amplitudes of down to$${\mathcal {O}}(1)~\text {Pa}$$O(1)Pawere extracted from time-resolved deflectometry data using temporal band-pass filters. Pressure transducer measurements allowed comparisons of the results with an established measurement technique. Even though the identified uncertainties in fluctuations were found to be as large as 50%, the spatial distributions of dynamic pressure events were captured well. Dynamic mode decomposition was used to identify relevant spatial information that correspond to specific frequencies. These dynamically important spatio-temporal events could be observed despite their low differential amplitudes. Finally, the limitations of the proposed pressure determination method and strategies for future improvements are discussed.Graphic abstract
Clinical features and treatment of 7 Chinese TAFRO syndromes from 96 de novo Castleman diseases: a 10-year retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Suo Shan-Shan , Yang Han-Jin , Zhou Xin-Ping , You Liang-Shun , Yu Wen-Juan , Wang Zhao-Ming , Jin Jie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Castleman disease (CD) is a rare polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorder with unknown etiology. TAFRO syndrome is now regarded as a specific subtype of CD, and is still a huge challenge for clinicians.

Methods
To clarify the clinical features and management of TAFRO syndrome in China, we retrospectively analyzed 96 patients with HIV-negative CD (52 with unicentric CD and 44 with multicentric CD), who were diagnosed and treated at our center between 2008 and 2017. Specially, we systematically reviewed the 7 TAFRO syndrome cases based on the 2015 criteria proposed by Masaki.

Results
Among the 7 cases, there were 3 men and 4 women, and the median age was 53 years. The main symptoms included thrombocytopenia (7/7), anasarca (7/7), fever (4/7), renal dysfunction (7/7), and organomegaly (6/7). One patient was treated with corticosteroid monotherapy, one received RD (Rituximab, dexamethasone), and 5 received CHOP/COP like chemotherapy as first-line treatment, 2 of the 5 combined with Rituximab. Four patients needed hemodialysis or CRRT because of progressive renal failure. The outcome for TAFRO syndrome was significantly worse compared to other types of CD. Although 3 patients improved after early treatment, 4 patients died due to disease progression, and only one patient achieved complete resolution of all the symptoms after changing to lenalidomide based regimen.

Conclusions
This study reveals that TAFRO syndrome is more severe and has more systemic symptoms than other iMCD, most cases need active treatment, and their prognoses are poor. Lenalidomide based regimen may be as a promising new therapy for TAFRO syndrome.