bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
0336 The Relationship Between Chronotype, Sleep and Sport Motivation in Adolescents
Authors: Bourgon V , Forest G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Studies have shown that sleep affects physical performance and certain aspects of motivation in general. Even though it is well known that adolescents are generally sleep deprived, very few studies have investigated the impact of sleep on the inactivity of teens. The aim of this study was to determine the association between sleep and sport motivation in teenagers.

Methods
176 young, physically active participants (10-18y; 86 male) completed an online survey comprised of questions extracted from the Adolescents Sleep Habits Survey, the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, the Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire, and the Sports Motivation Scale-28. The self-determination theory of motivation was used to determine the different types of motivation, from the most autonomous motivation (intrinsic motivation) to the least autonomous (extrinsic motivation-externally regulated). Amotivation represent an absence of motivation. Pearson correlations were computed between the sleep variables (sleep habits, daytime sleepiness, chronotype score) and the motivation variables (different types of motivation, and amotivation scores).

Results
Results show that amotivation is significantly associated with daytime sleepiness (r=.16, p =.03). The external regulated form of extrinsic motivation score is significantly associated with daytime sleepiness (r=.157, p=.037), chronotype score (r=-.164, p=.03), and bedtimes on weekends (r=.156, p=.042). The intrinsic motivation score is significantly associated with wake times on weekdays (r=-189, p=.012).

Conclusion
These results suggest that eveningness, higher daytime sleepiness, and later bedtimes on weekends are associated with amotivation and external regulation of sport motivation. Research has shown that teens who present those two characteristics are more likely to drop out of sports teams or leagues. This could have important implications when addressing inactivity and sport motivation problems in adolescents.

Support
N/A
0373 Blacks with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Report Greater Nighttime Insomnia Symptoms than Whites, but Don’t Endorse Daytime Impairment
Authors: Williams N J , Butler M , Roseus J , Barnes A , Blanc J , Bubu O M , Ebben M , Grandner M A , Krieger A C , Jean-Louis G , Perlis M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Few studies have assessed insomnia severity in racial/ethnic minority patients with OSA. In recognition of the burden of OSA in blacks compared to whites, the current study sought to examine insomnia symptoms in a sample of black and white patients newly diagnosed with OSA, prior to treatment, at 3 and 6 months.

Methods
94 patients newly diagnosed with OSA provided demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity), socioeconomic status, and completed the well-known and validated Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). To assess insomnia complaints, we ascertained total ISI score, nighttime sleep complaints, and daytime impairment. Linear regression and repeated measures analysis were conducted.

Results
Mean age was 57.43 years ±13.55; 63.8% were men and 35% were black. Mean BMI was 32.35±7.04and 35% were diagnosed with hypertension. The mean ISI score for the total sample was 13.06±7.06. The total ISI was significantly higher in blacks than whites, respectively (M=15.00±7.17; M=12.02±6.83, p&lt;0.05) indicating moderate clinical insomnia in blacks, but not whites. In covariate-adjusted linear regression, nighttime complaints were statistically more pronounced in blacks (b=1.71, SE=0.82, p&lt;0.05) and women (b=2.05, SE=0.72, p&lt;0.01). There were no significant racial/ethnic differences with daytime impairment, but gender differences in daytime impairment remained (b=2.93, SE=1.04 p&lt;0.01). Results from repeated measures effects of race over time revealed that blacks had higher nighttime complaints across all time-points (b=2.51, SE=1.10, p&lt;0.05), but we did not observe a race-by-time interaction effect (b=-0.89, SE=0.50).

Conclusion
For the first time, we observed that overall ISI score and nighttime complaints are more pronounced in blacks than whites. Notably, only women endorsed complaints of daytime impairment. Findings from the study may contribute to understanding who will need treatment for relief of insomnia complaints.

Support
K23HL125939
0386 Identification of Sleep Complaints Using Social Media: Effect of the Daylight Savings Time to Standard Time Transition
Authors: Veatch O J , Mazzotti D R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Transitions to and from daylight savings time (DST) are natural experiments of circadian disruption and are associated with negative health consequences. Yet, the majority of the United States and several other countries still adopt these changes. Large observational studies focused on understanding the impact of DST transitions on sleep are difficult to conduct. Social media platforms, like Twitter, are powerful sources of human behavior data. We used machine learning to identify tweets reporting sleep complaints (TRSC) during the week of the standard time (ST)-DST transition. Next, we evaluated the circadian patterns of TRSC and compared their prevalence before and after the transition.

Methods
Using data publicly available via the Twitter API, we collected 500 tweets with evidence of sleep complaints, and manually annotated each tweet to validate true sleep complaints. Next, we calculated term frequency-inverse document frequency of each word in each tweet and trained a random forest to classify TRSC using a 3-fold cross-validation design. The trained model was then used to annotate a collection of tweets captured between Oct. 30, 2019-Nov. 6, 2019, overlapping with the DST-ST transition, which occurred on Nov. 3, 2019.

Results
Random forest demonstrated good performance in classifying TRSC (AUC[95%CI]=0.85[0.82-0.89]). This model was applied to 3,738,383 tweets collected around the DST-ST transition, and identified 11,044 TRSC. Posting of these tweets had a circadian pattern, with peak during nighttime. We found a higher frequency of TRSC after the DST-ST transition (0.33% vs. 0.27%, p&lt;0.00001), corresponding to a ~20% increase in the odds of reporting sleep complaints (OR[95%CI]=1.21[1.16-1.25]).

Conclusion
Using machine learning and Twitter data, we identified tweets reporting sleep complaints, described their circadian patterns and demonstrated that the prevalence of these types of tweets is significantly increased after the transition from DST to ST. These results demonstrate the applicability of social media data mining for public health in sleep medicine.

Support
NIH (K01LM012870); AASM Foundation (194-SR-18)
0391 Gateways, Disparities, and Finals Week, Oh My! Translating Sleep Science from the Laboratory to the Classroom
Authors: Scullin M K , Gao C , Bermudez V , Diaz J , Zinke P , George C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Organic chemistry can be an insurmountable “gateway” course for otherwise-qualified students in pre-health pathways. Recent data indicate that organic chemistry increases drop-out risk for females and underrepresented minority students (URMs), raising the provocative possibility that sleep disparities are an underrecognized contributor to achievement gaps in gateway STEM courses.

Methods
In Study 1, 481 students enrolled in organic chemistry courses completed sleep questionnaires at the beginning, midpoint, and end of the semester. In Study 2, non-chemistry majors were randomly assigned to normal sleep (8 hours) or sleep restriction (5.5 hours) before taking an organic chemistry virtual lecture and test. In Study 3, 35 students wore actigraphy for five nights and could earn extra credit on a mid-semester test by averaging ≥8 hours of sleep; actigraphy sleep durations were compared to 40 active-control students who only received sleep education.

Results
In Study 1 (classroom), URM and female students earned lower organic chemistry grades than comparison students, p&lt;.001. Baseline weekday sleep duration predicted test grades across the semester, and students who improved their weekday sleep subsequently improved their organic chemistry grades. In Study 2 (laboratory), mild sleep loss impaired meta-cognitive judgments of organic chemistry learning, a potential causal mechanism for reduced persistence in chemistry courses. In Study 3 (classroom), when better sleep behaviors were incentivized by extra credit, students slept an hour longer/night than control groups (7.8 vs 6.8 hours, p&lt;.001). These benefits persisted 1 month later into finals week when sleep behaviors were not externally incentivized (7.3 vs 6.3 hours, p=.001). Improving sleep improved performance on difficult short answer questions after correcting for pre-final grades (Madjusted=78% vs 72%, p=.04).

Conclusion
Sleep disparities contribute to achievement gaps in gateway STEM courses, but incentives can reverse poor sleep habits. University administrators should develop and implement behavioral change programs to reduce sleep disparities.

Support
National Science Foundation (DRL 1920730)
0402 Impact of Various Actigraphic Editing Approaches on Sleep/Wake Outputs in Adults with Insomnia and Healthy Sleepers
Authors: Kline C E , Egeler M E , Kubala A G , Patel S R , Lehrer H M , Duggan K A , Hall M H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Actigraphy data can be edited using a variety of approaches. However, whether time-intensive manual editing provides different sleep/wake estimates compared to other approaches is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare sleep/wake data obtained from a standardized editing approach that incorporates multiple inputs versus three other common approaches.

Methods
72 adults (33.8±11.1 y, 74% female, 71% white) provided 1022 nights of data for analysis; 45 were healthy sleepers (678 nights) and 27 met DSM-5 criteria for insomnia. Participants wore an Actiwatch Spectrum on their nondominant wrist and completed a sleep diary for 3-24 nights. Each night’s rest interval was set using four different approaches: (1) a standardized process based upon published guidelines (Patel et al., Sleep 2015) that incorporates a hierarchical order of multiple inputs (event marker, light, diary, activity; STANDARD); (2) software-provided automated algorithm (AUTO); (3) automated algorithm with incorporation of event markers (AUTOE); and (4) sleep diary (DIARY). We used linear mixed-effects models to evaluate whether sleep/wake parameters differed between the STANDARD and other editing approaches, accounting for patient status (healthy sleeper, insomnia) and the possibility that differences among editing approaches may be dependent on patient status.

Results
All results are expressed relative to the STANDARD approach. Bedtime was 36.1±5.1 min earlier (P&lt;.0001) and morning out-of-bed time was 13.6±5.7 min later (P=.02) using the AUTO (P&lt;.0001) approach. Time in bed was 42.3±4.7 min longer with AUTO (P&lt;.0001). Sleep onset latency was 11.7±1.4 min and 2.8±1.4 min longer for AUTO (P&lt;.0001) and DIARY (P=.05), respectively. Sleep duration was 22.5±4.4 min longer with AUTO (P&lt;.0001). Wake after sleep onset was 6.8±1.2 min greater with AUTO (P&lt;.0001). Similar patterns were observed for all sleep/wake measures among healthy sleepers and adults with insomnia.

Conclusion
A standardized approach to editing actigraphy data leads to different sleep/wake estimates compared to other common approaches, though the differences were often small in magnitude and not dependent upon sleep status. Most notably, reliance upon the automated algorithm yielded longer time in bed, sleep duration, sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset compared to the standardized approach.

Support
NIH K23HL118318
0417 Associations Between Rest-Activity Patterns and Resting-State Networks in Older Adults
Authors: Moon C , Cole R A , Xiao Q , Voss M W 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Resting-state functional connectivity is coherent brain activity in a task-free state that strongly correlates to task-evoked sensory, motor, and higher-order cognitive systems. Certain networks show decreased functional connectivity with aging. Aging is associated with changes in circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles. Limited research has been conducted on how circadian activity and sleep are related to markers of functional brain aging. The purpose of this study was to explore whether rest-activity patterns and shorter sleep duration are related to functional connectivity of specific resting-state networks in older adults.

Methods
A total of 124 cognitively normal participants (mean age (SD) = 67.2 (5.7), 42% men) underwent 3.0 T MRI and week-long wrist actigraphy protocols. Rest-activity pattern was analyzed using an extended cosine model calculating acrophase (time of peak activity) and pseudo-F statistics of goodness-of-fit (a measure of overall rhythmicity). We used resting-state fMRI scans to measure functional connectivity in association and sensory networks as defined by the Schaefer 17 network functional atlas. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate how rest-activity pattern parameters and sleep duration are associated with resting-state functional connectivity, adjusting for age, sex, and sleep apnea.

Results
We found that the average acrophase was 2:30 PM (SD = 54 min), and delayed acrophase (average vs. delayed [+1SD]) was associated with lower functional connectivity of the right-lateralized default mode network A (p=0.02), and higher pseudo-F statistics was associated with higher functional connectivity in networks including left dorsal attention B (p=0.001), right somatomotor A (p = 0.05), and somatomotor B (both p=0.02). Longer sleep duration was associated with higher right executive control B (p=0.03).

Conclusion
The overall rhythmicity of diurnal rest-activity patterns and longer sleep duration are associated with some resting-state functional networks. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms between circadian rhythm and brain function.

Support
National Institute of Health, U of Iowa Aging Mind Brain Initiative, Center on Aging
0444 Examining Sleep Duration and Social Jetlag From a Popular Wearable Sleep Tracker in France and Canada
Authors: Elbaz M , Robbins R , Bouchequet P , Czeisler C , Leger D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Many population estimates of sleep duration and quality rely primarily on self-reported data. Passive and ubiquitous digital tracking and wearable devices may provide more accurate estimates of sleep duration and quality.
Our objective was to identify trends in sleep duration and social jetlag using data from a popular mobile sleep application (app) in France and Canada ‘iSommeil.’

Methods
We examined sleep using 8,207 nights from iSommeil, a popular sleep-tracking app in France and Canada. In this analysis, we explored sleep data collected from this app from 2,126 users. We examine sleep parameters by sex and between week and weekend. Specifically, we explore social jetlag, as calculated by the midpoint of sleep during the weekend, subtracted from the midpoint of sleep during the week.

Results
Women represented 1,254 (59.7%) of the sample and men represented 857 (40.3%) of the sample. Among women, 16.4% of the sample averaged &lt;6 hours of sleep; 51.9% averaged 6-7.99 hours of sleep, and 31.7% averaged &gt;=8 hours of sleep. Among men, 17.4% averaged &lt;6 hours of sleep; 58.4% averaged 6-7.99 hours of sleep, and 24.2% averaged &gt;=8 hours of sleep. Social jetlag scores among all users averaged 31.4, yet the average for men was 27.1 while that for women was 36.4.

Conclusion
Our study of data from a popular sleep tracker in France and Canada showed that sleep duration of 6-7.99 hours was most observed among the majority of participants. Our results also showed that women had higher social jetlag scores than men. Future research may compare sleep measures obtained via wearable sleep trackers with validated research-grade measures of sleep.

Support
0465 Association Between Physical or Sexual Abuse and Sleep Reactivity in Patients with Insomnia
Authors: Drake C L , Cheng P , Kalmbach D , Roth T , Sagong C , Arnett L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Physical and sexual abuse are common and have demonstrated associations with insomnia. A common factor predisposing individuals to the development of insomnia is sleep reactivity, yet no studies have determined the relationship between sleep reactivity and physical and/or sexual abuse.

Methods
Patients with DSM-5 insomnia disorder (N = 658; 519 F; mean age = 45.03) participated in an online randomized controlled trial of behavioral treatment of insomnia. Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), and demographic information at baseline. Abuse history was assessed with a single 4-choice item asking participants if they had a history of physical or sexual abuse. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine the level of sleep reactivity in each of the 4 abuse groups (none, physical, sexual, both) controlling for insomnia (ISI). Post-hoc analyses also compared differences in self-reported difficulties falling and staying asleep.

Results
Compared to those with no abuse history (n = 465), patients who reported both physical and sexual abuse (n = 50) had significantly elevated FIRST scores (p &lt; .001). Results remained significant after controlling for severity of insomnia, age, and gender. Post-hoc analyses showed group differences in sleep onset latency but not wake after sleep onset.

Conclusion
Combined physical and sexual abuse are associated with higher levels of sleep reactivity to stress, and that the effects may be most prominent for difficulties falling asleep and not sleep maintenance. Prospective studies are needed to determine the potential effects of abuse on sleep reactivity, and whether sensitization of the sleep system to stress constitutes an etiological pathway in the development of insomnia disorder in survivors of abuse. Future work should also investigate potential overlapping biological markers of abuse and sleep reactivity.

Support
This study was funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (PI: Drake).
0471 24-Month Post Marketing Safety Surveillance Data of a Novel Continuous Release and Absorption Melatonin (CRA-Melatonin) Delivery System, Confirms Favorable Safety Profile
Authors: Brodner D , Corsino P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The awareness of sleep disorders having negative health consequences, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, depression, heart attack and stroke, has sharply escalated in recent years. Traditional treatments, including benzodiazepenes, non-benzodiazepenes, anti-depressants and non-prescription first-generation antihistamines, come with limitations in efficacy, safety and tolerability. The search for non-drug alternatives continues. The novel, well tolerated CRA-melatonin was shown in a randomized, crossover, pharmacokinetic (PK) study versus the leading marketed melatonin to achieve quick uptake and then continuous release and absorption for up to 7 hours. No safety or tolerability issues were observed. The Remfresh Safety Update at 24 months (REMSU24), a real-world safety surveillance study was conducted to confirm the previously observed safety profile of CRA-melatonin.

Methods
An independent call center with pharmacovigilance-trained health care personnel in accordance with FDA guidelines on properly reporting events, was retained to receive and record customer questions, product issues and adverse events (AEs). The study was conducted from March 9, 2017 to March 9, 2019.

Results
An estimated 320,255 patients used CRA-melatonin during the surveillance period. There were no serious AEs. The self-reporting rates of non-serious AEs were low with only 51 events recorded, a 0.016% event rate. The two most frequent AEs, headaches and nightmares are known comorbidities of insomnia. As background, there had been no treatment emergent adverse events for CRA-melatonin in the PK trial.

Conclusion
CRA-melatonin’s extended 7-hour PK profile may be an effective and well-tolerated baseline therapy to improve sleep. These results confirm the favorable safety and tolerability trend observed in the PK study. In REMSU24, the scatter of reported adverse events could not be separated from what could be expected in the untreated general population.

Support
This study was supported by Physician’s Seal LLC
0495 Auricular Acupuncture Treatment Associated with Improved Self-Reported Sleep and Emotional Distress in Hispanic and Latino Immigrants: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Hockmeyer T R , Rupp H R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Hispanic and Latino immigrants face sociocultural stressors that may contribute to sleep disturbance. We investigated: 1. Whether Hispanic/ Latino immigrants with self-reported sleep disturbance showed improvements in sleep with auricular acupuncture; 2. If sleep effects were associated with emotional distress.

Methods
Emotional distress and sleep responses to auriculotherapy in Hispanic/ Latino adult immigrants were measured using Emotional Distress (ED), Athens Insomnia (AI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scales completed Baseline, Mid (4 treatments), and Follow-up (8 treatments). Randomly assigned intervention was bi-weekly for 8 treatment sessions of 5 needles inserted bilaterally: Active Intervention [NADA protocol (Shen men, sympathetic autonomic, lung, liver and kidney points)] OR Sham Control (outer ear helix with no active points). Scores were compared between Groups (NADA or SHAM) and within (Pre-, Mid- and Post-treatment) sessions using Mixed-Model ANOVA; multiple linear regression assessed ED scores association with sleep.

Results
Ten Hispanic/ Latino female participants [NADA, N=5, mean (SD) age = 41 (14); SHAM, N =5; mean (SD) age = 42 (17)]. Anovas for the ASI, PSQI, and ED showed significant within-subjects effects (p’s &lt; .05). Baseline; Mid; Follow-up Mean (SD) = AIS: 12.3 (8.9); 8.5 (6.9); 7.1 (12.8); PSQI: 10.9 (5.4); 8.9 (2.8); 7.6 (3.4); ED: 25.6 (50.4); 17.6 (26.7); 16.9 (29.8). Post-hoc t-tests were significant between Baseline/ Mid and Baseline/ Final for all measures (p’s &lt; .05). Linear Regression showed significant association between ED and PSQI (R square = 0.25; p &lt; .05): lower Emotional Distress associated with lower PSQI.

Conclusion
Auriculotherapy may improve sleep in Hispanic/ Latino immigrants after 4 treatments suggesting a novel, low-cost, easily implemented group treatment option for improving sleep in this community. Better sleep was associated with decreases in emotional distress supporting our hypothesis. Data collection continues and larger sample size will allow for increased power to detect between group differences.

Support
This research was made possible with thanks to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) Humanitarian Award#:197-FP-18.