bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFYING PREDICTORS OF GUILT FOLLOWING PLACEMENT OF FAMILY MEMBER WITH DEMENTIA INTO RESIDENTIAL LONG-TERM CARE
Authors: Statz Tamara L , Peterson Colleen M , Birkeland Robyn , Shah Aneri , Perez Kobe , Gaugler Joseph E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Family caregivers of persons with dementia experience guilt for various reasons when placing their family member into residential long-term care (RLTC). Research has shown a relationship between guilt and overall caregiver burden; however, literature on predictors of guilt related to caregiving following RLTC placement is limited. The Residential Care Transition Module (RCTM) provides counseling and psychoeducation to family caregivers who have recently moved their family member with Alzheimer’s disease or a related dementias into RLTC. This semi-structured intervention provides counseling on various topics including guilt, grief, and family dynamics. Using treatment group data (N=87) from the parent RCTM randomized controlled trial, we identified the impact of caregiver status (i.e., adult child vs spousal caregivers), sense of caregiver competence, and relationship closeness on baseline measures of guilt status and magnitude. Preliminary analyses showed that adult child status was associated with greater prevalence of guilt (37.5%) compared to spousal caregivers (26.7%). In addition, qualitative case notes were coded to identify common themes of experiences of guilt to inform practice. Examples include: Guilt related to no longer being able to care for the family member at home; not meeting self-dictated expectations (e.g., not visiting or staying long enough); and feeling guilted into being a caregiver in the first place. The current analyses aim to help practitioners better predict risk for placement-related guilt and highlight specific issues practitioners should consider to help mitigate such feelings. Specific opportunities for intervention are discussed.
RESILIENCE AND GRANDPARENT CAREGIVERS: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Hayslip Bert 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Previous work reflecting a shift in views about custodial grandparents has emphasized such persons’ strengths. Such research has specifically indicated that resilience cross sectionally mediates the relationship between the stressfulness of the demands of raising a grandchild and both adjustment-related and parentally relevant outcomes. To explore the dynamics of such relationships in a one-year longitudinal framework, 86 grandparent caregivers completed a variety of measures targeting personal and parental functioning as well as resilience at initial and one-year follow-up occasions. Findings indicated that resilience at T1 predicated (p &lt; .05) the following at T2: parental stress, parental efficacy, health, well-being, depression, grandparent role satisfaction, self-rated life disruption, and grandchild and grandchild behavioral/emotional difficulties. T1 resilience also predicted a T2 index of overall personal resources (better health/social support, less life disruption). At the same time, the following at T1 emerged as antecedents (p &lt; .05) of T2 resilience: parental stress, parental efficacy, grandparent role satisfaction, depression, health, grandchild attachment, and well-being. In addition, overall personal adjustment (higher grandparent role satisfaction, more positive caregiver role appraisal, greater well-being, higher grandchild attachment, less depression) as well as greater overall personal resources each predicted (p &lt; .05) greater T2 resilience. These findings not only extend previous cross-sectional research reinforcing the value of resilience in understanding grandparent caregivers, but also indicate that numerous parental and personal variables may lay the groundwork for the development of resilience, wherein these data also suggest that the relationship between resilience and grandparent caregiver functioning may be bidirectional in nature.
SUITABLE? THE RHETORICAL AND LIFE COURSE IMPLICATIONS OF SERENA WILLIAMS AND THE CATSUIT
Authors: Stanback Brianne M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rhetorical inquires have shown connections between representation and power, workplace fashion and development of ethos, and the rhetoric of glamour through women’s fashion and dress. One element absent from that conversation is how the life course, which typically differs for women because of existing power structures advantaging men, may impact the experience of women as they age, their choice of dress, and the rhetorical implications of those decisions. To explore dress and rhetoric from a life course perspective, this project traces the evolution of Serena Williams’ work apparel across her professional tennis career to the catsuit worn at the 2018 French Open, which is the focus of the project. Press reports on the 2018 catsuit by Nike, New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Business Insider, BBC Sport, Washington Post, and Los Angeles Times, interviews given by Williams, and the television documentary, Becoming Serena, will be analyzed for their treatment of Williams’ work attire and the life course. Responses to the catsuit emphasize attitudes about gender, race, and class, either discounting or ignoring the life course implications such as motherhood and changes in health status. Despite professional success, responses about the catsuit may reflect that Williams faces the same jeopardies, and invisibility, common to many women as they age, and the rhetorical perspective provides new methodological and pedagogical possibilities for instruction in aging.
BELIEFS SURROUNDING THE PAIN AND DEPRESSION CYCLE AMONG OLDER AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN: FINDINGS FROM FOCUS GROUPS
Authors: Rivers Emerald , Drazich Brittany , Szanton Sarah , Nkimbeng Manka , Taylor Janiece 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Older African American women experience high rates of comorbid conditions and functional limitations that put them at risk of experiencing a cycle of pain and depressive symptoms. This cycle is often shaped by individual’s behaviors, emotions, physical responses, and thoughts. Increased pain severity is associated with comorbid pain and depression making it essential for older African American women to communicate their experiences with these conditions. Hence, we explored older adult African American women’s relevant beliefs, and identified strategies to address them in adapting the intervention, Get Busy Get Better. In three focus groups, we found that older African American women (mean age 60.7, n=11): (1) relied on companionship (emotions), (2) used physical activity strategies for pain and depression relief (behaviors), (3) had a general function reduction from pain (physical response), and (4) saw connections between depression and pain (thoughts). Thus, when adapting the intervention, strategies incorporate these four elements.
LIVING ALONE, HAVING CHILDREN AND FRIENDS NEARBY, AND DAILY FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION
Authors: Choi Yeon Jin , Ailshire Jennifer A , Crimmins Eileen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with lower risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Despite the numerous health benefits, fruit and vegetable consumption of most older adults are below the daily recommendation. This paper aimed to investigate whether living alone and having children and friends nearby are associated with older adults’ daily fruit and vegetable consumption using a nationally representative sample of older Americans. Daily fruit and vegetable consumption was measured using (1) daily serving and (2) daily recommendation (2 or more servings for fruits; 3 or more servings for vegetables). Poisson and logistic regression models were estimated using the HRS Health Care and Nutrition Study. The sample included 6,915 community-dwelling older adults. Older adults who were living alone had lower fruit and vegetable consumption and less likely to meet daily recommendation for vegetables, compared to those who were living with someone. Having friends nearby was positively associated with the outcomes, while having children nearby was associated with meeting daily recommendation for vegetables only among older adults living alone. Based on the findings, older adults who are living alone and do not have children and friends nearby may be at the risk of poor nutrition due to low levels of social support. Provision of help with grocery shopping (e.g., transportation, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) and meal preparation (e.g., home-delivered meals) as well as more social opportunities that can improve social support network and encourage healthy eating (e.g., congregate meals) may increase daily fruit and vegetable consumption of older adults.
HEALTHY LIFE EXPECTANCY OF OLDER HISPANICS: THE INFLUENCE OF NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Emerson Kerstin G , Pan Anqi , Huang Hanwen , Markides Kyriakos 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Research consistently shows a survival advantage among Hispanics, despite a worse health profile. The goal of this study was to calculate disability free life expectancy for older Hispanics in the United States, and to explore any difference by neighborhoods. We used data from the Wave 5 (2004-5) of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (Hispanic EPESE), linked to vital status data through 2016. We used Sullivan’s method to create disability free life expectancy (DFLE) estimates, and to calculate the ratio of life expectancy without disability to life expectancy with disability. These estimates were compared across neighborhood characteristics using Census FIPS data. All neighborhood characteristics were cut into tertiles and significance testing compared high versus low. The average age of the sample was 82 (range 75-109), a majority female (62%), non-married (57.5%), and born in the US (56%). Results showed that neighborhood Hispanic density, poverty, and percent linguistically isolated were not statistically significant for disability free life expectancy estimates. However, disability free life expectancy was higher in neighborhoods with higher density of immigrants, compared to neighborhoods with lower density of immigrants. This was statistically significant for all age groups 75 until age 88. These results suggest that for very old Mexican Americans living in the southwest, neighborhood effects are not significant predictors of disability free life expectancy. The exception is for the neighborhood immigrant density. This suggests that the healthy immigrant effect may maintain even in older ages. Policy and practice implications will be discussed.
THE EMERGENCE AND BENEFITS OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN TWO COMMUNITY-BASED DEMENTIA CHOIRS
Authors: Smith Andre , Sheets Debra J , Kennedy Mary , Erb Tara , Kampen Ruth , Zhou Min , Hozempa Chandra Berkan , MacDonald Stuart W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Community choir participation for persons with dementia (PwD) confers benefits to health and well-being, including the benefit of socializing which can reduce feelings of loneliness and social isolation. Using the concept of social capital, this study examines the degree to which two intergenerational Voices in Motion choirs facilitate the development of social relationships between PwD, caregivers, and high school students. Data collection involved interviews with 17 dyads of PwD and caregivers, completion of a social relationship questionnaire, and focus groups with a total of 29 high school students. The results show a gradual increase in the level of interactions between all participants, with students in particular interacting more frequently with PwD. Over time, trust and reciprocity emerged within the choirs as more people shared information about themselves. Students’ understanding of dementia changed over time as they learned to appreciate PwD as unique human beings with rich life stories and experiences.
GENE-OBESOGENIC ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS ON BODY MASS INDICES ACROSS RACE AND SEX AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Thompson Mika D , Pirkle Catherine M , Youkhana Fadi , Wu Yanyan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Gene-obesogenic environment interactions influence body mass index (BMI) across the life-course; however, limited research examines how these interactions may differ by race and sex. Utilizing mixed-effects models, we examined interaction effects of polygenic risk score (PGS) generated from 97 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and environmental factors, including age and physical activity, on measured longitudinal BMI from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). HRS is a population representative survey study of older adults aged 50-years or older in the U.S. This study used a sub-sample of genotyped Black (N=1,796) and White (N=4,925) males and females. The association between PGS and mean BMI weakened as individuals aged among White males (Pinteraction=0.038) and White females (Pinteraction=0.054). The mean BMI difference between the highest and lowest PGS quintiles was 4.25 kg/m2 among 50-year old White males but 3.11 kg/m2 among the 70-year old’s, i.e. a decrease of 1.14 kg/m2 (95%CI: -0.06,2.65) over 20 years. Similarly, the decrease among 50- and 70-year old White females was 1.33 kg/m2 (95%CI: 0.07,3.45). Additionally, the association between physical activity and BMI was stronger among White females with higher PGS (Pinteraction=0.038). Vigorous physical activity (compared to never) was associated with a 1.71 kg/m2 (95%CI: 1.08,2.35) decrease in mean BMI among those in the highest PGS quintile, compared to a 0.80 kg/m2 (95%CI: 0.32,1.27) decrease among those in the lowest. Overall, we found unique interaction effects across race and sex within an older population; findings reinforce the importance of physical activity among those with an elevated genetic risk.
Synergism Between Phosphine (PH3) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Implications for Managing PH3 Resistance in Rusty Grain Beetle (Laemophloeidae: Coleoptera)
Authors: Constantin Myrna , Jagadeesan Rajeswaran , Chandra Kerri , Ebert Paul , Nayak Manoj K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Strong resistance to phosphine (PH3) in the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Laemophloeidae: Coleoptera) poses a serious risk to stored-grain biosecurity. Resistant populations hold risk of surviving in PH3 fumigation, particularly in storage structure that limits achieving very high concentrations of PH3, demanding the need for alternative fumigation strategies. Cofumigation with PH3 and carbon dioxide (CO2) is one alternative approach that has the potential to be used widely. CO2 fumigation of adults of strongly PH3-resistant reference strain of C. ferrugineus, for 48 h, showed that the effective concentration (LC50) of CO2 was 30.99%. This 30% level of CO2 in combination with PH3 decreased the LC50 of PH3 from 6.7 mg/liter to 0.84 mg/liter, an eightfold increase in PH3 efficacy relative to PH3 fumigation in normal air. The LC99.9 decreased from 16.2 mg/liter to 5.8 mg/liter, a 2.8-fold increase in PH3 efficacy. Comparison of mortality response data of PH3 alone and the PH3 + CO2 mixture confirmed that CO2 enhances the toxicity of PH3 synergistically in addition to exerting its own toxicity. These results were validated against three independently field-derived strains of strongly resistant C. ferrugineus that confirmed that observed enhancement in toxicity with the PH3 + CO2 mixture was consistent, irrespective of differences in resistance phenotypes and inherent tolerance levels. Results of the current study provide further opportunities to develop new commercially viable strategy to control strongly PH3-resistant C. ferrugineus.
Validation study of the Japanese version of MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for Brain Tumor module
Authors: Tanaka Shota , Sato Iori , Takahashi Masamichi , Armstrong Terri S , Cleeland Charles S , Mendoza Tito R , Mukasa Akitake , Takayanagi Shunsaku , Narita Yoshitaka , Kamibeppu Kiyoko , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
The MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for Brain Tumor (MDASI-BT) module is a widely used instrument for measuring symptom burden and interference of daily activities in brain tumor patients. This study aims to develop and validate its Japanese version (MDASI-BT-Japanese).

Methods
Following forward and backward translation of the original MDASI-BT into Japanese, understandability and feasibility were assessed by cognitive debriefing. Subsequently, patients with brain tumors were asked to fill out MDASI-BT-Japanese and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). Feasibility, reliability and validity of MDASI-BT-Japanese were assessed.

Results
Cognitive debriefing confirmed overall ease of completion and good understandability. The study population composed of 140 patients with brain tumors (most commonly gliomas). The mean symptom severity score and mean interference score were 1.9 ± 1.7 and 2.8 ± 2.7, respectively. The top items included distress and drowsiness for symptom severity and general activity and work for interference. The median time required was 4 minutes (range, 0.5–30), and missing values were seen in 1%. Internal consistency was proven by excellent Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (0.94 for symptom severity, 0.92 for interference). Test–retest reliability was assessed with acceptable intra-class correlation coefficient (mean, 0.76). Correlation efficient ranged between 0.7 and 0.9 for convergent validity. Known-group validity was confirmed by significantly different mean symptom severity score and mean interference score among patients with different performance status. As evidence of concurrent validity, MDASI-BT-Japanese correlated with EQ-5D in the hypothesized magnitude and direction.

Conclusions
The newly developed MDASI-BT-Japanese has demonstrated feasibility, reliability and validity in evaluation of clinical benefit in Japanese-speaking brain tumor patients.
Line-driven disc wind in near-Eddington active galactic nuclei: decrease of mass accretion rate due to powerful outflow
Authors: Nomura Mariko , Ohsuga Ken , Done Chris 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Based on recent X-ray observations, ultrafast outflows from supermassive black holes are expected to have enough energy to dramatically affect their host galaxy but their launch and acceleration mechanisms are not well understood. We perform two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations of UV line-driven disc winds in order to calculate the mass-loss rates and kinetic power in these models. We develop a new iterative technique that reduces the mass accretion rate through the inner disc in response to the wind mass-loss. This makes the inner disc less UV bright, reducing the wind power compared to previous simulations which assumed a constant accretion rate with radius. The line-driven winds in our simulations are still extremely powerful, with around half the supplied mass accretion rate being ejected in the wind for black holes with mass 108–$10^{10}\, \mathrm{ M}_\odot$ accreting at L/LEdd = 0.5–0.9. Our results open up the way for estimating the growth rate of supermassive black hole and evaluating the kinetic energy ejected into the interstellar medium (active galactic nuclei feedback) based on a physical model of line-driven disc winds.
Large-scale poloidal magnetic field dynamo leads to powerful jets in GRMHD simulations of black hole accretion with toroidal field
Authors: Liska M , Tchekhovskoy A , Quataert E 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Accreting black holes (BHs) launch relativistic collimated jets, across many decades in luminosity and mass, suggesting the jet launching mechanism is universal, robust, and scale-free. Theoretical models and general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations indicate that the key jet-making ingredient is large-scale poloidal magnetic flux. However, its origin is uncertain, and it is unknown if it can be generated in situ or dragged inward from the ambient medium. Here, we use the GPU-accelerated GRMHD code h-amr to study global 3D BH accretion at unusually high resolutions more typical of local shearing box simulations. We demonstrate that turbulence in a radially extended accretion disc can generate large-scale poloidal magnetic flux in situ, even when starting from a purely toroidal magnetic field. The flux accumulates around the BH till it becomes dynamically important, leads to a magnetically arrested disc (MAD), and launches relativistic jets that are more powerful than the accretion flow. The jet power exceeds that of previous GRMHD toroidal field simulations by a factor of 10 000. The jets do not show significant kink or pinch instabilities, accelerate to γ ∼ 10 over three decades in distance, and follow a collimation profile similar to the observed M87 jet.
Infrared colours and spectral energy distributions of hard X-ray selected obscured and Compton-thick active galactic nuclei
Authors: Kilerci Eser Ece , Goto T , Güver T , Tuncer A , Ataş O H 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the infrared colours and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 338 X-ray selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) 105-month survey catalogue, which have been detected using AKARI, in order to find new selection criteria for Compton-thick AGNs. By combining data from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 14 (DR14), the Two-Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), AKARI and Herschel for the first time, we perform ultraviolet (UV) to far-infrared (FIR) SEDs, fitting 158 Swift/BAT AGNs using cigale and constraining the AGN model parameters of obscured and Compton-thick AGNs. The comparison of average SEDs shows that while the mid-infrared (MIR) SEDs are similar for the three AGN populations, the optical/UV and FIR regions have differences. We measure the dust luminosity, the pure AGN luminosity and the total infrared luminosity. We examine the relationships between the measured infrared luminosities and the hard X-ray luminosity in the 14–195 keV band. We show that the average covering factor of Compton-thick AGNs is higher compared with the obscured and unobscured AGNs. We present new infrared selection criteria for Compton-thick AGNs based on MIR and FIR colours ([9–22 μm] &gt; 3.0 and [22–90 μm] &lt; 2.7) from WISE and AKARI. We find two known Compton-thick AGNs that are not included in the Swift/BAT sample. We conclude that MIR colours covering 9.7-μm silicate absorption and the MIR continuum could be promising new tools to identify Compton-thick AGNs.