bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparable Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation from Lactose or Sucrose during Exercise
Authors: ODELL OLIVER J. , PODLOGAR TIM , WALLIS GARETH A. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Ingesting readily oxidized carbohydrates (CHO) such as sucrose during exercise can improve endurance performance. Whether lactose can be utilized as a fuel source during exercise is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the metabolic response to lactose ingestion during exercise, compared with sucrose or water.

Methods
Eleven participants (age, 22 ± 4 yr; V̇O2peak, 50.9 ± 4.7 mL·min−1·kg−1) cycled at 50% W
max for 150 min on five occasions. Participants ingested CHO beverages (lactose or sucrose; 48 g·h−1, 0.8 g·min−1) or water throughout exercise. Total substrate and exogenous CHO oxidation was estimated using indirect calorimetry and stable isotope techniques (naturally high 13C-abundance CHO ingestion). Naturally low 13C-abundance CHO trials were conducted to correct background shifts in breath 13CO2 production. Venous blood samples were taken to determine plasma glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations.

Results
Mean exogenous CHO oxidation rates were comparable with lactose (0.56 ± 0.19 g·min−1) and sucrose (0.61 ± 0.10 g·min−1; P = 0.49) ingestion. Endogenous CHO oxidation contributed less to energy expenditure in lactose (38% ± 14%) versus water (50% ± 11%, P = 0.01) and sucrose (50% ± 7%, P ≤ 0.05). Fat oxidation was higher in lactose (42% ± 8%) than in sucrose (28% ± 6%; P ≤ 0.01); CHO conditions were lower than water (50% ± 11%; P ≤ 0.05). Plasma glucose was higher in lactose and sucrose than in water (P ≤ 0.01); plasma lactate was higher in sucrose than in water (P ≤ 0.01); plasma nonesterified fatty acids were higher in water than in sucrose (P ≤ 0.01).

Conclusions
Lactose and sucrose exhibited similar exogenous CHO oxidation rates during exercise at moderate ingestion rates. Compared with sucrose ingestion, lactose resulted in higher fat and lower endogenous CHO oxidation.
Exercise and Protein Effects on Strength and Function with Weight Loss in Older Women
Authors: EVANS ELLEN M. , STRAIGHT CHAD R. , REED RACHELLE A. , BERG ALISON C. , ROWE DAVID A. , JOHNSON MARY ANN 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Obesity negatively affects lower extremity physical function (LEPF) in older adults. Exercise and a higher protein diet are both known to positively and independently affect body composition, muscle strength, and LEPF during weight loss; however, their potential interactive effects have not been well characterized in older women.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of a higher protein diet with or without exercise to improve body composition, muscle strength, and LEPF in older inactive overweight/obese women after weight loss.

Methods
Postmenopausal women (body mass index = 31.1 ± 5.1 kg·m−2, 69.2 ± 3.6 yr) completed a 6-month weight loss program after randomization to three groups (n = 72 randomized; 15% dropout): 1) higher protein diet (PRO, ~30% energy from protein; n = 20), 2) PRO plus exercise (PRO + EX; n = 19), or 3) a conventional protein control diet plus EX (CON + EX, ~18% energy from protein; n = 22). EX was supervised, multicomponent (aerobic, muscle strengthening, balance, and flexibility), and three sessions per week. Body composition was measured via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, leg strength by isokinetic dynamometry, and LEPF via 6-min walk, 8-ft up and go, and 30-s chair stand tests.

Results
Changes in weight (−7.5 ± 4.1 kg; −9.2% ± 4.8%), fat mass, and leg lean mass did not differ among groups (all P > 0.50). Despite weight loss, muscle strength improved in the exercise groups (PRO + EX and CON + EX) but it declined in the PRO group (P = 0.008). For all LEPF measures, the PRO group had attenuated improvements compared with both PRO + EX and CON + EX (all P < 0.01).

Conclusion
Exercise during weight loss is critical to preserve strength and enhance LEPF; however, a higher protein diet does not appear to influence body composition, muscle strength, or LEPF changes when combined with multicomponent exercise.
Leonidas Karakatsanis and Nikolaos Papadogiannis, eds., The Politics of Culture in Turkey, Greece and Cyprus: Performing the Left Since the Sixties
Authors: Rappas Alexis 
Published: June 2020

Review of Leonidas Karakatsanis and Nikolaos Papadogiannis, eds., The Politics of Culture in Turkey, Greece and Cyprus: Performing the Left Since the Sixties. London: Routledge, 2017. 321 pp.
Os estudos de problemas brasileiros na UERJ: a estrutura e as engrenagens de um projeto de socialização política
Authors: Lerner Samara Mancebo 
Published: June 2020

Analisa-se neste artigo a estrutura da pós-graduação em Estudo de Problemas Brasileiros criada por militares na Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, nos anos 70, durante a vigência do regime militar no Brasil. A análise dos documentos relativos à esta pós-graduação nos permite desvendar as engrenagens desse projeto de socialização política, demonstrando sua relação com a Escola Superior de Guerra e sua Doutrina de Segurança Nacional. Sustenta-se, neste artigo, que a pós-graduação em EPB foi criada com o objetivo de socializar os jovens na ideologia política do regime militar, justamente durante o período de abertura política, quando se mostrava importante garantir a transição para outro regime político, sem a tentação das ideologias do campo da esquerda. Palavras-chave: Estudo de Problemas Brasileiros (EPB-UERJ). Escola Superior de Guerra (ESG). Socialização Política.
Confiança Institucional e Opinião Pública entre jovens religiosos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Gracino Junior Paulo , Targino Janine , Rezende Gabriel 
Published: June 2020

Este artigo mapeia a influência das instituições religiosas na opinião pública de seus fiéis, especificamente jovens, notadamente no que diz respeito às atitudes diante das demandas por reconhecimento da diversidade religiosa, de gênero e comportamento sexual. Subsidiariamente, tendo como ponto de partida os achados de outras pesquisas, avaliaremos o engajamento político e a influência da “pauta moral” como componente do voto desse segmento. A coleta de material se deu em eventos religiosos de massa ocorridos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2013 e 2016, mais especificamente, a Jornada Mundial da Juventude (católica), Marcha para Jesus (evangélica de maioria pentecostal), Caminhada por Liberdades Religiosas (ecumênica), utilizando-se como instrumento de coleta a técnica de survey; em uma segunda etapa, selecionamos alguns grupos de jovens para a realização de Grupos Focais, nos quais as questões mais pertinentes do survey puderam ser aprofundadas. A principal conclusão apresentada neste artigo é que o grupo evangélico, quando comparado aos demais aqui analisados, apresenta um contraste mais pronunciado entre sua opinião pública e os “temas controversos”, menor tolerância à diversidade religiosa, maior desconfiança com relação às instituições públicas e maior confiança na instituição religiosa.Palavras-chave: Jovens religiosos. Confiança institucional. Instituições religiosas.
Plasmonic-enhanced light emission from a waveguide-integrated tunnel junction
Authors: Huang Baohu , Liu Yan , Chua Soojin , Liu Zhenguo , Lu Weibing , Guo Yongxin , Gao Siping 
Published: June 2020

Light emission from inelastic electron tunneling has been demonstrated for 40 years. The ultrafast response rate and the ultracompact footprint make it promising for high-speed miniaturized light sources. But the application of the tunnel junction is limited by extremely low external quantum efficiency due to the low proportion of inelastic tunneling electron and wave vector mismatch between surface plasmons and photon emission. Here, we present a plasmonic-enhanced metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junction coupled to a silicon waveguide with a coplanar electrode connected to a nanoantenna. The proposed tunnel junction can be fabricated using existing semiconductor planar processes to achieve controllable barrier thickness and quality for vertical current injection. Finally, an electrically driven light source with a radiation power nearly 8000 times higher than the spontaneous emission power in free space is shown to be achievable with the new structure at an operating wavelength of 1.31 µm. It is 510-fold higher than that of typical planar MIS junctions.
Efficiency of Dimethyl Sulphoxide and Ethylene Glycol on Subsequent Development of Vitrified Awassi Sheep Embryos
Authors: Mardenli Omar R , Mohammad MS , Hassooni HA 
Published: June 2020

The use of cryoprotectants in vitrification would reduce the critical damages to the embryos, thus increase the survival rates. This research was conducted in the laboratory of reproductive biotechnology at the faculty of Agriculture of Aleppo University. The study aimed to evaluate the viability and survivability of early Syrian Awassi embryos under the influence of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) following vitrification. Embryos were vitrified in three solutions of cryoprotectants (A: DMSO (3 ml), B: EG (3 ml), and C which was composed of a combination of DMSO (1.5 ml) and EG (1.5 ml)). After thawing, embryos that had been vitrified in C solution achieved the highest rates of cleavage (P&lt; 0.01) comparing with A and B solutions for 2-16 cell stage (50.00% Vs 30.77% and 36.36%), morula (9.00% Vs 44.44% and 40.00%) and blastocyst stage embryos (92.86% Vs 58.33% and 50.00%) respectively. Down to the hatching blastocyst stage, 2-16 cell stage vitrified embryos in C solution achieved an encouraging rate comparing with A and B solutions (39.20% Vs23.08% and 22.73% respectively). The rates of arrested embryos decreased significantly (P&lt; 0.05) after thawing across the three solutions especially the morula and blastocyst stage (0.00 and 3.70% respectively) (C solution). No significant differences were observed in the three types of embryos across all stages and solutions despite the large range among these rates. Given the apparent benefit of the participatory effect of cytoprotectants, it is advised to use a mixture of DMSO and EG (1:1) in vitrification of ovine embryos.
Diksi Bung Karno dalam Memoar Sarinah: Sebuah Analisis Wacana Kritis Feminis Model Sara Mills
Authors: Suyanto Suyanto 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to explain the use of words or phrase categories: general form; mark and not mark; naming and androcentrism; and semantic derogation in Sarinah's memoir. The material object of this research is Sarinah's memoir, written by Bung Karno and formal object is words and phrases used in Sarinah's memoir. Obtaining the data of this study uses the refer method. Data analysis was used the matching (padan) method. This study uses a tool analysis of the theory of critical analysis of feminist stylistics in Sara Mills's model. The results of the data analysis show that naming and androcentrism, such as the soft or weak, the stupid, the short-minded, the nerimo, the beauty, and the "sex-appeal are the most used in Sarinah's memoir. The intensive use of naming and androcentrism because our lives are based on patriarchal culture. The impact of the practice of the patriarchal system is the intensive use of words and phrases that have mark or not mark, such as the movement of women, liberate women, International Women's Day, women weaving workers, Women's Day and International Women's Day. The use of general form words or phrases in Sarinah's memoirs is used at least and even semantic derogation words or phrases are not used in Sarinah's memoirs.Intisari Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan pemakaian kata-kata atau frasa kategori: betuk umum; bermarkah dan tidak bermarkah; penamaan dan androsentrisme; dan derogasi semantik dalam memoar Sarinah. Objek material penelitian ini adalah memoar Sarinah, karya Bung Karno dan objek formalnya adalah pemilihan kata dan frasa yang digunakan dalam memoar Sarinah. Pemerolehan data studi ini mempergunakan metode simak. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode padan. Studi ini menggunakan pisau analisis teori analisis wacana kritis stilistika feminis model Sara Mills. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa penamaan dan androsentrisme, seperti kaum lemah, kaum bodo, kaum singkat pikiran, kaum nerimo, kecantikannya, kejelitaannya, dan “sex-appeal paling banyaak digunakan dalam memoar Sarinah. Intensifnya penggunaan kata atau frasa penamaan dan androsentrisme karena kehidupan kita berbasis budaya patriarkhi. Dampak dari praktik sistem patriarkhi adalah intensifnya penggunaan kata dan frasa bermarkah atau tidak bermarkah,seperti pergerakan wanita, merdekalah wanita, Hari Wanita Internasional, kaum buruh tenun wanita, Hari Wanita dan Hari Internasional kaum buruh wanita. Pemakaian kata-kata atau frasa bentuk umum dalam memoar Sarinah paling sedikit dipergunakan dan bahkan kata-kata atau frasa derogasi semantik tidak digunakan dalam memoar Sarinah.
Assessment of upper extremity movement performance of patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Fonseca Ligia C. S. , Nelke Annika K. , Bahm Jörg , Disselhorst-Klug Catherine 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:
Coping strategies of patients with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) are highly individual. Up to now, individual movement performance is assessed by visual observations of physicians or therapists - a procedure, which is highly subjective and lacks objective data. However, objective data about the individual movement performance are the key to evidence-based and individualized treatment. In this paper, a new approach is presented, which provides objective information about the upper extremity movement performance of patients with OBPP. The approach is based on the use of accelerometers in combination with a classification procedure. The movement performance of 10 healthy volunteers and 41 patients with OBPP has been evaluated by experienced physiotherapists and has been assigned to one of 4 categories representing the Mallet Scale (MS) IV to I. Three triaxial-accelerometers were placed at chest, upper arm and wrist of the affected side of the patient. Acceleration signals have been recorded during repetitive movements with relevance regarding daily life. Here, especially the results from the “hand to mouth” task are presented. From the 9 recorded acceleration signals 13 relevant features were extracted. For each of the 13 features 4 thresholds have been determined distinguishing best between the 4 patient categories of the MS and the healthy subjects. With respect to the thresholds each feature value has been assigned to the discrete numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Afterwards, each discrete number has been weighted by a factor regarding the correlation between the feature’s value and the MS score. The resulting weighted discrete numbers of all 13 features have been added resulting in a score, which quantifies the individual upper extremity movement performance. Based on this score the movement performance of each patient has been assigned to the classes “very good”, “good”, “regular” and “bad”. All movements of the 10 healthy volunteers were classified as “very good”. The movement performance of two patients MS IV were classified as “very good” as well and the movements of the other 16 patients as “good”. The movements of the entire group of MS III patients fell into the class “regular”. Just one MS II patient was assigned to the class “regular” while the others were classified as “bad”. It was not possible to classify the movements of MS I patients. This was mainly due to the fact that none of these patients MS I was able to complete the task successfully. The developed approach demonstrated its ability to quantify the movement performance of upper extremity movements based on accelerometers. This provides an easy to use tool to assess patient’s movement strategies during daily tasks for diagnosis and rehabilitation.
Scalable Born Digital Ingest Workflows for Limited Resources: A Case Study for First Steps in Digital Preservation
Authors: Velte Ashlyn , Wikle Olivia M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article seeks to provide an example of a scalable and achievable born digital ingest workflow for cultural heritage institutions of any size, including those with limited funding. Like many small archives, the University of Idaho (U of I) Library Special Collections and Archives (SPEC) has accepted born digital material when it arrives as part of analog collections for the last 20 years. However, the Library has faced numerous challenges similar to those of other small institutions when developing workflows for born digital preservation and ingest. These include lack of funding, systems, and policies. Despite a growing number of resources that support digital preservation work, among current best practices it is difficult to find scalable workflows for institutions with limited staff and funds. By implementing accessible open-source software and prioritizing preservation tasks, U of I Library has developed a low-cost way to implement systems for digital preservation with responsibilities that can be spread out among librarians and archivists with varying technical expertise.
Danish Bronze Age antler axes – depositions in time and space
Authors: Frost Lise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAntler axes are normally associated with the Mesolithic, but they also turn up again later, in the Bronze Age, where they are typically found as single depositions in streams, rivers, bogs and other wetland areas. This article provides a comprehensive account of Denmark’s Bronze Age antler axes together with a series of new 14C dates, which show that this axe type was a consistent presence in both the Early and Late Bronze Age. It concludes with landscape-related case studies examining depositional practices in different parts of Denmark. Attention is focussed here on a comparison of the depositions of antler axes, 14C dates and the landscape – also in relation to the general country-wide distribution pattern. The analyses show that long periods often elapsed between the individual depositions of antler axes within the same areas and that these artefacts are generally strongly associated with watercourses and wetland areas related to watercourses and river valleys, both in the Early and Late Bronze Age. This picture is consistent with that for the rest of Europe, where antler axes are typically associated with running water.
The site of Edewecht 82-East, district of Ammerland, and the role of Red Heligoland flint in the Late Glacial
Authors: Terberger Thomas , Schneider Jürgen , Fries Jana Esther 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUntil today there is limited evidence for Late Glacial sites in the Northwest of lower Saxony. Here we present the Ahrensburgian site of Edewecht 82-East, which was excavated by two amateurs in 1973/74. Unfortunately the quality of the excavation was limited, but the distribution of artefacts indicates a single find concentration. Small tanged points and a long blade fragment probably assign the assemblage to the late Ahrensburgian (c. 10.000–9.600 calBC). Special attention deserves a blade fragment made of Red Heligoland flint. The find provides the opportunity to discuss the role of this flint source during the Late Glacial in the lowlands. There is evidence that this exotic flint type was of more relevance during the Allerød Interstadial and especially during the transitional phase from the Younger Dryas to the Preboreal.
Neues zur Hausforschung in Polen – der erste kaiserzeitliche Langhaustyp im Gebiet der Przeworsk-Kultur
Authors: Schuster Jan 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden fünf Hausgrundrisse von drei jüngerkaiserzeitlich-völkerwanderungszeitlichen Siedlungen der Przeworsk-Kultur in der Region an der Bzura in Zentralpolen analysiert und miteinander verglichen. Die Untersuchungen basieren auf Studien der Felddokumentation (Wytrzyszczki) und publizierter Befunde (Konotopa, Mąkolice). Es kann ein Haustyp herausgearbeitet werden, für den nach einer Siedlung mit einem solchen Bau die Bezeichnung Typ Konotopa vorgeschlagen wird. Die Häuser sind zweischiffig, haben eine Breite von 7–8 m, zeigen eine charakteristische Pfostengruppierung im Bereich des Korridors und weisen eine Dreiteilung im Inneren auf. Bei dem größeren Hausteil handelt es sich möglicherweise um den Stallteil. Es handelt sich um den ersten Haustyp im Bereich der Przeworsk-Kultur überhaupt; ob er nur im Gebiet der Bzura errichtet wurde, müssen künftige Forschungen zeigen.
Andrej Platonovs ‚Unsterblichkeit‘
Authors: Meier Nils 
Published: June 2020

Summary
This is the second and final part of the analysis of Platonov’s work with regard to the idea of ‘immortality’. The first part has revealed that Platonov preferred ‘collective immortality’ thus rejecting the then-mainstream topos of ‘new man’. The second part deals with the stalinist trend to turn all ideas into ideologies: the topos of ‘new man’ as well as the concept of ‘collective immortality’. An analysis of several fictional texts shows that Platonov, while remaining true to his concept of ‘collective immortality’, resisted its ideologisation by tying his concept to characters who struggle for their individuation and yet recognize their relativity in the collective of all people.
NÃO EXISTE ESTRUTURA RELATIVA EM CHINÊS?
Authors: Wang Chunyuan 
Published: June 2020

A gramática tradicional propõe que não existe, como há em português e em inglês, a estrutura relativa em chinês. O que existe seria uma estrutura atributiva (attributive structure) em que a oração relativa seria um modificador que ficasse anterior do núcleo para modificá-lo. Por outro lado, estudo da estrutura relativa sempre é um assunto interessante e cheio de divergências no modelo gerativo. Alguns linguistas propõem que a estrutura relativa em chinês é resultado de movimento de Op, como o caso de Ning (1993), alguns propõem que é resultado de movimento de núcleo DP como o caso de Wang (2005) e outros propõem que algumas relativas são resultado de movimento de Op e outras são resultado de movimento do núcleo NP como o caso de AounLi (2003). Contudo, esses estudos raramente examinam as evidências de avaliação propostas por Chomsky (1977, 1981), como Reconstrução, Subjacência/efeitos de ilha e Parasitic gap para examinar se uma estrutura relativa em chinês é resultado de movimento. Esse estudo tem por objetivo, tendo em vista preencher essa lacuna, examinar as evidências contra os dados linguísticos concretos em chinês para corroborar que existe estrutura relativa em chinês que é uma estrutura atributiva verbal tratada por gramática tradicional e é resultado de movimento. Palavras-chave: Estrutura relativa em chinês; estrutura atributiva em chinês; reconstrução; subjacência/efeitos de ilha; Parasitic gap.