bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two-state model for galaxy bias
Authors: Repp Andrew , Szapudi István 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
A reliable model of galaxy bias is necessary for interpreting data from future dense galaxy surveys. Conventional linear and quadratic bias models are unphysical, often predicting negative galaxy densities (δg &lt; −1) in voids, which potentially contain half of a survey’s available cosmological information. Here we present a physically motivated alternative by assuming two energetically distinct subhalo states. Our approximations – namely, local galaxy formation, rough equivalence of galaxy-hosting subhaloes, and universal energetic favourability for the galaxy-hosting state – result in a bias model with only two free parameters; mathematically, the model (in the correct variables) yields a Fermi–Dirac distribution or (equivalently) an interactionless Ising model with an external field. The model yields sensible (and physical) predictions for both high- and low-density regions. We test the model using a catalogue of Millennium Simulation galaxies in cubical survey pixels with side lengths from 2 h−1–31 h−1 Mpc, at redshifts from 0 to 2. We find the two-state model markedly superior to linear and quadratic bias models on scales smaller than 10 h−1 Mpc, while those conventional models fare better on scales larger than 30 h−1 Mpc. Though the largest scale of applicability is likely to depend on the galaxy catalogue employed, the two-state model should be superior on any scale with a non-negligible fraction of cells devoid of galaxies.
A new white dwarf companion around the Δμ star GJ 3346
Authors: Bonavita M , Fontanive C , Desidera S , D’Orazi V , Zurlo A , Mužić K , Biller B , Gratton R , Mesa D , Sozzetti A 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the discovery of a white dwarf companion at ∼3.6 arcsec from GJ 3346, a nearby (π ∼ 42 mas) K star observed with SPHERE@VLT as part of an open time survey for faint companions to objects with significant proper motion discrepancies (Δμ) between Gaia DR1 and Tycho-2. Syrius-like systems like GJ 3346 AB, which include a main-sequence star and a white dwarf, can be difficult to detect because of the intrinsic faintness of the latter. They have, however, been found to be common contaminants for direct imaging (DI) searches. White dwarfs have in fact similar brightness to substellar companions in the infrared, while being much brighter in the visible bands like those used by Gaia. Combining our observations with Gaia DR2 and with several additional archival data sets, we were able to fully constrain the physical properties of GJ 3346 B, such as its effective temperature (11 × 103 ± 500 K) as well as the cooling age of the system (648 ± 58 Myr). This allowed us to better understand the system history and to partially explain the discrepancies previously noted in the age indicators for this object. Although further investigation is still needed, it seems that GJ 3346, which was previously classified as young, is in fact most likely to be older than 4 Gyr. Finally, given that the mass (0.58 ± 0.01 M⊙) and separation (85 au) of GJ 3346 B are compatible with the observed Δμ, this discovery represents a further confirmation of the potential of this kind of dynamical signatures as selection methods for DI surveys targeting faint, substellar companions.
A systematic review of economic evaluations of antenatal nutrition and alcohol interventions and their associated implementation interventions
Authors: Szewczyk Zoe , Holliday Elizabeth , Dean Brittany , Collins Clare , Reeves Penny 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Context
Improving maternal nutrition and promoting alcohol abstinence during pregnancy are key to reducing subsequent economic and social impacts. However, antenatal nutrition and alcohol interventions are underused, partly because economic evidence to support investment is limited.

Objective
The purpose of this systematic literature review was to assess the extent to which economic evaluations have been applied to antenatal public health interventions, and implementation strategies addressing maternal nutrition and alcohol intake.

Data Sources
Two separate systematic reviews were conducted to address the 2 stated aims. Both reviews adhered to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The searches were conducted using the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, EconLit, CINAHL, and the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, accompanied by a handsearch of gray literature.

Data Extraction
Review 1 returned 9599 records after duplicates were removed, from which 12 economic evaluations were included. Review 2 returned 136 records after duplicates were removed, with none eligible for inclusion. The articles included in review 1 comprised 10 economic evaluations of nutrition interventions and 2 evaluations of alcohol interventions.

Data Analysis
Methodological quality was assessed using the Drummond 10-point quality checklist. Methodological quality was high, with variation in reporting practices and predominance of modeled evaluations.

Results
Antenatal nutrition and alcohol interventions offer value for money and have potential to considerably reduce healthcare costs. No evidence regarding intervention implementation cost was identified.

Conclusion
The current evidence base has important gaps that limit its value to decision makers. Incorporating health economic principles and methods into health promotion interventions will inform decisions about how to derive value from investment in healthcare.
Alhambra
Authors: Ruggles Fairchild D. 
Published: February 2020

The Alhambra (from al-hamra, meaning “red”) is a complex of palaces and gardens that stands on the Sabika Hill overlooking the city of Granada, in southern Spain (the last remnant of the larger Muslim-ruled territory known as al-Andalus). The original palace was built to serve as the seat of the Zirid dynasty (r. 1012–1090), on even older Roman remains, but little remains of the ancient and Zirid phases. Most of the standing architecture dates to the 13th and 14th centuries and was built under the patronage of the Nasrid dynasty (1232–1492). The patrons who made the biggest impact on the palace-city were the Nasrid sultans Muhammad III (r. 1302–1309), Ismaʾil I (r. 1314–1325), Yusuf I (r. 1333–1354) and Muhammad V (r. 1354–1359 and 1362–1391). Built in phases by them, the Alhambra consists of not one but many palaces, including the so-called Comares Palace, the Palace of the Lions, the Partal, and others of which only archaeological traces remain, all enclosed by a great wall. The Alhambra’s various structures included massive gates, formal reception halls, less formal halls for entertainment, residential rooms and towers, a congregational mosque and smaller oratories, multiple bathhouses, courtyards with central fountains and pools, an aqueduct, gardens, service buildings, and a highly fortified area for the military. Across a ravine stands the Generalife (built between 1302 and 1319), a pleasure palace for the Nasrid sultan and his family. When Granada was conquered by the Catholic Monarchs Isabel and Ferdinand in 1492, the Nasrids were sent into exile and the Alhambra and Generalife became property of the Crown. But, aside from brief visits, the Spanish rulers did not reside at the palace and made few changes to it, with the exception of the enormous palace added by Charles V in 1533. In the 19th century, as the complex attracted more visitors, the government began to restore the crumbling fabric. By 1870 the Alhambra was declared a Monumento Histórico Artístico Nacional and placed under the protection of the state. The complex became a UNESCO World Heritage monument in 1984.
Orbitozygomatic Approach Clipping of an Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms can orient rostrally into the interhemispheric fissure or caudally into the optic chiasm. The majority of these aneurysms project into the interhemispheric fissure. This patient had an ACoA aneurysm with a multilobulated appearance, and the primary lobe projected into the interhemispheric fissure. The cisterns were opened sharply via an orbitozygomatic approach to permit proximal, distal, and neck control. A permanent clip was applied across the aneurysm neck and on a small contralateral aneurysm. Postoperative imaging confirmed complete aneurysm occlusion. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Millennial researchers in a metric-driven scholarly world: An international study
Authors: Nicholas David , Herman Eti , Jamali Hamid R , Abrizah Abdullah , Boukacem-Zeghmouri Cherifa , Xu Jie , Rodríguez-Bravo Blanca , Watkinson Anthony , Polezhaeva Tatiana , Świgon Marzena 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The study Investigates the attitudes and practices of early career researchers (ECRs) in regard to citation-based metrics and altmetrics, providing the findings in the light of what might be expected of the millennial generation and in the context of what we already know about researchers in today’s ‘culture of counting’ governed scholarly world. The data were gathered by means of an international survey, informed by a preceding, 3-year qualitative study of 120 ECRs from 7 countries, which obtained 1,600 responses. The main conclusions are: 1, citation indicators play a central and multi-purpose role in scholarly communications; 2, altmetrics are not so popular or widely used, but ECRs are waking up to some of their merits, most notably, discovering the extent to which their papers obtain traction and monitoring impact; 3, there is a strong likelihood that ECRs are going to have to grapple with both citation-based metrics and altmetrics, mainly in order to demonstrate research impact; 4, the Chinese are the most metric using nation, largely because of governmental regulations.
Portfolio Pumping and Managerial Structure
Authors: Patel Saurin , Sarkissian Sergei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Using U.S. equity mutual fund data, we show that portfolio pumping—an illegal trading activity that artificially inflates year- and quarter-end portfolio returns—is more pronounced among single-managed funds compared with team-managed ones. The return inflation by team-managed funds is 45% lower than by single-managed funds at year-ends. Also, portfolio pumping decreases as team size increases. These results are driven by peer effects among teams and, sometimes, amplified by less convex flow-performance relation in team-managed funds. Our findings are robust to differences in fund governance, manager career concerns, local networks, fund family policies, and changes in the SEC’s enforcement policies.
A REPORT OF RADIATION RISKS DURING AND AFTER PROCESSING MINERAL PLACER FROM SOUTHEAST AFRICA
Authors: Fu Kan , Zou Wei , Liu Zhenzhou , He Haiming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recently, high levels of radioactivity were found in products from Chinese mineral processing industries that handle mineral placer from Southeast Africa. The findings led to public panic. The aim of this work is to provide radiological data for the government, workers and the public. In this work, activity concentrations of 238U,232Th,226Ra and40 K in raw ore from Southeast Africa were analysed in the laboratory. Products like monazite and building material were analysed. High concentrations of 238U,232 Th and 226Ra in products were found to be at a level of 104 Bq/kg. Around the South China Mineral Processing Industry, radioactivity in soil and groundwater was analysed. Absorbed dose rates in air and indoor radon concentrations at workplaces were monitored. Annual effective dose to workers and the public was calculated and found to exceed Chinese dose criterion. This report might be an alert for mining and mineral processing in Southeast Africa.
Dispersal versus vicariance in the Aegean: combining molecular and morphological phylogenies of eastern MediterraneanDendarus(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) sheds new light on the phylogeography of the Aegean area
Authors: Trichas Apostolos , Smirli Maria , Papadopoulou Anna , Anastasiou Ioannis , Keskin Bekir , Poulakakis Nikos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Aegean archipelago, as an ‘evolutionary laboratory of nature’, is an ideal model for research in phylogeography. In this area, the darkling beetles of the genus Dendarus (distributed from Morocco to the Caucasus) exhibit a high level of diversity with 36 species, 27 of which are island endemics. However, their taxonomy is complex and unstable, having undergone continuous revision to address extensive morphological and ecological plasticity. Here, we examine the phylogenetic relationships of 23 species from Greece and Turkey, using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences and 61 morphological characters, to unveil their phylogeny in the Aegean. This helps to clarify phylogeographic scenarios and historical processes that shaped the observed patterns. The analyses reveal 13 distinct lineages with several para- and polyphyletic cases that correspond to three major phylogroups [south/south-east Aegean (D. foraminosus complex, D. rhodius, D. sporadicus, D. wettsteini); central to north Aegean, Turkey and mainland Greece (D. crenulatus, D. moesiacus group, D. sinuatus complex, D. stygius) and mainland Greece (D. messenius, D. paganettii)], indicating the need for further taxonomic re-evaluation. Lineage topology and phylogeography suggest a spatial and temporal sequence of geographic isolation, following either a vicariant or a dispersal model coincident with major palaeogeographic separations in the Aegean.
Effect of a Longitudinal Interprofessional Education Passport Program on Nursing Students’ Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Practice
Authors: Laverentz Delois Meyer , Young Elizabeth , Cramer Emily 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To meet the demands of complex health care systems with multiple professions, it is recommended that nursing students have interprofessional educational experiences throughout the curriculum. We assessed longitudinal changes in nursing students’ attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration in the context of an Interprofessional Education Passport Program. Students were surveyed using the Interprofessional Attitudes Scale at the beginning and end of the two-year curriculum. Students showed significant improvement from baseline to posttest in three of five subscales: Teamwork, Roles, and Responsibilities; Interprofessional Biases; and Community-Centeredness. A longitudinal interprofessional education curriculum may influence students’ attitudes regarding teamwork, roles, responsibilities, and biases.
Development of the Uncertainty Communication Checklist: A Patient-Centered Approach to Patient Discharge From the Emergency Department
Authors: Rising Kristin L. , Powell Rhea E. , Cameron Kenzie A. , Salzman David H. , Papanagnou Dimitrios , Doty Amanda M.B. , Latimer Lori , Piserchia Katherine , McGaghie William C. , McCarthy Danielle M. 
Published: February 2020

Clear communication with patients upon emergency department (ED) discharge is important for patient safety during the transition to outpatient care. Over one-third of patients are discharged from the ED with diagnostic uncertainty, yet there is no established approach for effective discharge communication in this scenario. From 2017 to 2019, the authors developed the Uncertainty Communication Checklist for use in simulation-based training and assessment of emergency physician communication skills when discharging patients with diagnostic uncertainty. This development process followed the established 12-step Checklist Development Checklist framework and integrated patient feedback into 6 of the 12 steps. Patient input was included as it has potential to improve patient-centeredness of checklists related to assessment of clinical performance. Focus group patient participants from 2 clinical sites were included: Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, and Northwestern University Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.
The authors developed a preliminary instrument based on existing checklists, clinical experience, literature review, and input from an expert panel comprising health care professionals and patient advocates. They then refined the instrument based on feedback from 2 waves of patient focus groups, resulting in a final 21-item checklist. The checklist items assess if uncertainty was addressed in each step of the discharge communication, including the following major categories: introduction, test results/ED summary, no/uncertain diagnosis, next steps/follow-up, home care, reasons to return, and general communication skills. Patient input influenced both what items were included and the wording of items in the final checklist. This patient-centered, systematic approach to checklist development is built upon the rigor of the Checklist Development Checklist and provides an illustration of how to integrate patient feedback into the design of assessment tools when appropriate.
Resident-Sensitive Quality Measures in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Exploring Relationships With Supervisor Entrustment and Patient Acuity and Complexity
Authors: Schumacher Daniel J. , Holmboe Eric , Carraccio Carol , Martini Abigail , van der Vleuten Cees , Busari Jamiu , Sobolewski Brad , Byczkowski Terri L. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This study explores the associations between resident-sensitive quality measures (RSQMs) and supervisor entrustment as well as between RSQMs and patient acuity and complexity for encounters in the pediatric emergency department (PED) in which residents are caring for patients.

Method
Pediatric residents rotating through Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center PED as well as supervising pediatric emergency medicine faculty and fellows were recruited during the 2017–2018 academic year for the purpose of collecting the following data from the residents’ patient encounters for 3 illnesses (acute asthma exacerbation, bronchiolitis, and closed head injury [CHI]): supervisor entrustment decision rating, RSQMs relevant to the care provided, and supervisor patient acuity and complexity ratings. To measure the association of RSQM composite scores with the other variables of interest, mixed models were used.

Results
A total of 83 residents cared for 110 patients with asthma, 112 with bronchiolitis, and 77 with CHI. Entrustment decision ratings were positively associated with asthma RSQM composite scores (beta coefficient = 0.03; P < .001). There was no significant association between RSQM composite scores and entrustment decision ratings for bronchiolitis or CHI. RSQM composite scores were significantly higher when acuity was also higher and significantly lower when acuity was also lower for both asthma (P < .001) and bronchiolitis (P = .01). However, RSQM composite scores were almost identical between levels of acuity for CHI (P = .94). There were no significant differences in RSQM composite scores when complexity varied.

Conclusion
This study found limited associations between RSQM composite scores and entrustment decision ratings but offers insight into how RSQMs could be used for the purposes of resident assessment and feedback.
Comparing Patient-reported Outcomes to Patient Satisfaction After a Microdiscectomy for Patient’s With a Lumbar Disk Herniation
Authors: Schroeder Gregory D. , Radcliff Kristen E. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Murphy Hamadi , Sutton Ryan M. , Lurie Jon D. , Zhao Wenyan , Hilibrand Alan S. 
Published: February 2020

Study Design:
A retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine if patient satisfaction is predicted by improvement in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) metrics.

Summary of Background Data:
Patient satisfaction is becoming an increasingly common proxy for treatment quality; however, the correlation between patient satisfaction and HRQOL outcome metrics following a lumbar disk herniation is unclear.

Methods:
Patients enrolled in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT) study were prospectively enrolled at 13 institutions. A retrospective subgroup analysis of prospectively collected data from the SPORT trial was performed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine if improvement in HRQOL metrics could accurately identify patient satisfaction. HRQOL metrics included: Short Form-36 (SF-36), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Sciatica Bothersomeness Index, Back Pain Bothersomeness Scale, and Leg Pain Bothersomeness Scale.

Results:
A total of 709 patients who underwent surgery and 319 patients treated without surgery were included. In the surgical cohort, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that SF-36 Physical Component Summary improvement had moderate accuracy [area under the curve (AUC)=0.77 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.73–0.82)] at predicting satisfaction at 3 months, and it had excellent accuracy at predicting satisfaction at 2 years [AUC=0.81 (95% CI: 0.77–0.85)] and 4 years [AUC=0.81 (95% CI: 0.76–0.85)]. Absolute Physical Component Summary score had excellent accuracy at 3 months [AUC=0.83 (95% CI: 0.79–0.87)], 2 years [AUC=0.87 (95% CI: 0.84–0.9)] and 4 years [AUC=0.84 (95% CI: 0.8–0.89)]. Similarly improvement in the ODI had moderate accuracy of predicting satisfaction at 3 months [AUC=0.77 (95% CI: 0.72–0.81)], 2 years [AUC=0.78 (95% CI: 0.74–0.82)] and 4 years [AUC=0.78 (95% CI: 0.73–0.83)], and the absolute ODI score had excellent accuracy at 3 months [AUC=0.85 (95% CI: 0.82–0.89)], 2 years [AUC=0.89 (95% CI: 0.86–0.92)], and 4 years [AUC=0.88 (95% CI: 0.85–0.92)].

Conclusions:
HRQOL metrics can accurately predict patient satisfaction with symptoms at 3 months, 2 years, and 4 years after surgical intervention for a lumbar disk herniation. Absolute outcome scores were somewhat more predictive than change scores.
Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation Associated With a Thoracic Disc Herniation
Authors: Randhawa Pal S. , Roark Christopher , Case David , Seinfeld Joshua 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
The aim of this publication is to present a case of idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH) associated with a transdural disk herniation, demonstrate an operative technique used to treat this condition and provide an updated review the literature.

Background Context:
ISCH is an infrequent condition that can cause progressive myelopathy leading to severe neurological dysfunction. This condition is characterized by ventral displacement of the spinal cord across a defect in the dura, either congenital or acquired, resulting in vascular compromise and adhesion that subsequently causes injury to the spinal cord. We present the management of such a patient, in addition to a review of the literature regarding management of ISCH.

Methods:
This patient underwent surgery using the dural graft sling technique for repair of the dural defect and restoration of normal spinal cord position within the thecal sac. A review of the literature revealed a total of 171 patients supplemented by our 1 patient, which were then analyzed.

Results:
The majority of patients, treated with a variety of surgical techniques, experienced improvements in symptomatology. Our patient experienced significant improvement in symptomatology.

Conclusions:
Although ISCH is a rare clinical condition that causes myelopathy, patients managed with surgery generally, though not universally, have a favorable neurological outcome. The associated surgical technique video demonstrates the dural sling technique for the treatment of this rare disorder.