bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting research utilisation of nurses and midwives working in North Gondar and West Gojjam Zone public hospitals, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dagne Asrat Hailu , Ayalew Mequannent Melaku 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundResearch utilisation in clinical decision-making is crucial to enhance quality healthcare, professional development and cost-effective health service. Nurses and midwives have a vital role in research utilisation. However, many factors influence research utilisation of nurses and midwives.ObjectivesTo determine research utilisation and identify factors that affect research utilisation among nurses and midwives.MethodsAn institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from 23 May to 30 June 2019. A total of 631 nurses and midwives participated in the study. Categorical variables were coded with dummy variables and multiple linear regression model was carried out. The level of significance was set at p value less than or equal to 0.05 with 95% CI.ResultsParticipants’ total mean score in the research utilisation scale was 2.27 (SD±0.77) and their mean age was 28.41 (SD±4.71) years. The study revealed that 70.4% (444) of participants had poor research utilisation. Self-efficacy in research utilisation skills (B=0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.97), support for research utilisation (B=0.4, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.55), attitude (B=0.23, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.38), barriers to research utilisation (B=−0.63, 95% CI −0.72 to −0.54), nursing/midwifery work index (B=0.07, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.11) and hospital’s level of healthcare (B=4.5, 95% CI 2.13 to 6.9) were statistically significantly associated factors of research utilisation.ConclusionsThis study revealed poor research utilisation among nurses and midwives. Barriers to research utilisation, supporting factors for research utilisation, attitude, self-efficacy in research utilisation skills, hospital’s level of healthcare and nursing/midwifery work index were found to be statistically significant predictors of research utilisation. The most common barriers to research utilisation were insufficient time and inability to understand statistical terms used in research articles.
Parents and GPs’ understandings and beliefs about food allergy testing in children with eczema: qualitative interview study within the Trial of Eczema allergy Screening Tests (TEST) feasibility trial
Authors: Clement Clare , Ridd Matthew J , Roberts Kirsty , Santer Miriam , Boyle Robert , Muller Ingrid , Gilbertson Anna , Angier Elizabeth , Selman Lucy , Shaw Alison R G 
Published: November 2020

AimTo explore parent and general practitioner (GP) understanding and beliefs about food allergy testing for children with eczema.Design and settingQualitative interview study in UK primary care within the Trial of Eczema allergy Screening Tests feasibility trial.ParticipantsSemi-structured interviews with parents of children with eczema taking part in the feasibility study and GPs at practices hosting the study.Results21 parents and 11 GPs were interviewed. Parents discussed a range of potential causes for eczema, including a role for food allergy. They believed allergy testing to be beneficial as it could potentially identify a cure or help reduce symptoms and they found negative tests reassuring, suggesting to them that no dietary changes were needed. GPs reported limited experience and uncertainty regarding food allergy in children with eczema. While some GPs believed referral for allergy testing could be appropriate, most were unclear about its utility. They thought it should be reserved for children with severe eczema or complex problems but wanted more information to advise parents and help guide decision making.ConclusionsParents’ motivations for allergy testing are driven by the desire to improve their child’s condition and exclude food allergy as a possible cause of symptoms. GPs are uncertain about the role of allergy testing and want more information about its usefulness to support parents and help inform decision making.Trial registration numberISRCTN15397185.
Acceptability of chronic liver disease screening in a UK primary care setting: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Knight Holly , Harman David , Morling Joanne R , Aithal Guruprasad , Card Timothy , Guha Indra Neil , Bains Manpreet 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThe increasing incidence of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the UK may be attributed to a rise in preventable risk factors, including hazardous alcohol use and type 2 diabetes. Transient elastography (TE) can rapidly stratify risk of CLD in primary care populations and provide an opportunity to raise patient awareness of risk factors.This study explores patients’ experiences of TE screening in a primary care setting. In addition, patient awareness of CLD risk is explored.Study design and settingThis study used a qualitative process evaluation of a community screening pathway for CLD (Nottingham, UK). Participants completed semistructured interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ParticipantsTwenty adults were purposively recruited 6 months to 2 years after TE screening. Inclusion criteria included (1) hazardous alcohol use, (2) type 2 diabetes and/or (3) persistently elevated liver enzymes without known cause.ResultsUndergoing TE in primary care was seen as acceptable to most participants. Hazardous alcohol use was identified as the primary cause of CLD; no participants were aware of metabolic risk factors. TE improved understanding of personal risk factors and prompted contemplation of lifestyle changes across all TE stratifications. However, participants’ perceptions of risk were altered by the healthcare providers’ communication of TE scores.ConclusionsHigh acceptability of TE, regardless of the risk factor, provides strong support for inclusion of TE stratification in primary care. Findings highlight the positive impact of receiving TE on risk awareness. Future clinical iterations should improve the structure and communication of TE results to patients.
Changes in public preferences for technologically enhanced surveillance following the COVID-19 pandemic: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Degeling Chris , Chen Gang , Gilbert Gwendolyn L , Brookes Victoria , Thai Thi , Wilson Andrew , Johnson Jane 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesAs governments attempt to navigate a path out of COVID-19 restrictions, robust evidence is essential to inform requirements for public acceptance of technologically enhanced communicable disease surveillance systems. We examined the value of core surveillance system attributes to the Australian public, before and during the early stages of the current pandemic.DesignA discrete choice experiment was conducted in Australia with a representative group of respondents, before and after the WHO declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. We identified and investigated the relative importance of seven attributes associated with technologically enhanced disease surveillance: respect for personal autonomy; privacy/confidentiality; data certainty/confidence; data security; infectious disease mortality prevention; infectious disease morbidity prevention; and attribution of (causal) responsibility. Specifically, we explored how the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak influenced participant responses.Setting and participants2008 Australians (general public) completed the experiment: 793 before COVID-19 outbreak onset (mean age 45.9 years, 50.2% male) and 1215 after onset (mean age 47.2 years, 49% male).ResultsAll seven attributes significantly influenced respondents’ preferences for communicable disease surveillance systems. After onset, participants demonstrated greater preference for a surveillance system that could prevent a higher number of illnesses and deaths, and were less concerned about their personal autonomy. However, they also increased their preference for a system with high data security.ConclusionsPublic acceptance of technology-based communicable disease surveillance is situation dependent. During an epidemic, there is likely to be greater tolerance of technologically enhanced disease surveillance systems that result in restrictions on personal activity if such systems can prevent high morbidity and mortality. However, this acceptance of lower personal autonomy comes with an increased requirement to ensure data security. These findings merit further research as the pandemic unfolds and strategies are put in place that enable individuals and societies to live with SARS-CoV-2 endemicity.
FLRW-cosmology in generic gravity theories
Authors: Gürses Metin , Heydarzade Yaghoub 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe prove that for the Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker metric, the field equations of any generic gravity theory in arbitrary dimensions are of the perfect fluid type. The cases of general Lovelock and$${\mathcal {F}}(R, {\mathcal {G}})$$F(R,G)theories are given as examples.
Apocalipse carioca: peste, guerra, fome e morte no noticiário
Authors: Nóra Gabriela , Mesquita Débora Moreira de Castro , Martins Mariana Souza , Andrade Ramon Valença Moniz de 
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa mais ampla que se propõe a investigar como o noticiário carioca utiliza o aspecto negativo como principal critério de noticiabilidade. O “Jornalismo Construtivo” preconiza uma nova forma de abordagem das notícias pautado na função social do jornalismo, entendendo que deve-se ir além de apenas tornar público um problema, mas também munir sua audiência de informações inspiradoras que foquem em possíveis soluções. A partir desse conceito, a hipótese central deste trabalho é a de que o ambiente apontado pela mídia pode causar pessimismo e provocar uma sensação de apatia diante de um cenário apocalíptico. Usando como metáfora os quatro cavaleiros do apocalipse bíblico – Peste, Guerra, Fome e Morte – como instrumento de análise, observa-se que as manchetes imprimem um tom de caos absoluto na cidade.
Rodolfo Wolfgang Ortriwano: relato sobre a irmã Gisela Swetlana, referência nos estudos de rádio no Brasil
Authors: Galvão Júnior Lourival da Cruz 
Published: November 2020

Gisela Swetlana Ortriwano dedicou quase três décadas à pesquisa e ao ensino do rádio e do radiojornalismo no Departamento de Jornalismo e Editoração da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo (CJE-ECA/USP). Professora Gisela cursou duas faculdades, fez mestrado e doutorado também na USP, onde ainda se tornou pioneira ao defender a primeira tese que tratou de forma específica de radiojornalismo no Brasil. Todavia, pouco se sabe do percurso biográfico da docente, fato que motivou a entrevista com Rodolfo Wolfgang Ortriwano, professor, jornalista aposentado e irmão mais novo de Gisela. Como metodologia foram utilizados os preceitos da história oral, que revelaram uma trajetória forjada na dedicação ao estudo e ao rádio.
Palavras-chave:
An Aggregation of Lion Hunters
Authors: Katz David Brock 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The initial stages of the Second Anglo Boer War demonstrated the efficacy of the Boer tactical system, which produced some astounding results. Boer mobility, coupled with directive command, individual initiative, and logistical flexibility allowed the Boers to practice an effective form of manoeuvre warfare. The Boers neither reduced their way of war to writing nor produced manuals on their tactical or operational doctrine. Their doctrine existed as an institutional belief system evolved over centuries of conflict with the tribes of southern Africa and the British. The Boer military lacked insight at the strategic level, and early brilliant Boer successes at the tactical level were not enough to swing a strategic victory. This article aims to reveal the Boer way of war through its evolution and development at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels using the lens of the Second Anglo Boer War and the German South West African campaign 1915.
A Brief Overview of the Many Alternatives to Classical Theism, and How to Decide between Them
Authors: Lataster Raphael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the analytic Philosophy of Religion, much ink has been spilt on the existence of some sort of supernatural reality. Such work is usually done by theists, those who find classical theism to be probably true. It is my contention that the premises invoked in the common arguments or derivations for God’s existence do not necessarily lead to the god of theism. In this article, I note that these premises could also lead to various alternative naturalistic and supernaturalistic hypotheses (some of which are actualised throughout the non-Western world). As such, the main focus here is on describing some of the many naturalistic and supernaturalistic alternatives to classical theism, especially since several of these alternatives are generating discussion in the recent literature; explaining why a number of these alternatives are considered plausible by their proponents; and proposing how we might decide which theory is true, eventually endorsing a Bayesian approach.
Purism
Authors: Primus  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article presents an ontological proof that God is impossible. I define an ‘impossibility’ as a condition which is inconceivable due to its a priori characteristics (e.g. a ‘square circle’). Accordingly, said conditions will not ever become conceivable, as they could in instances of a posteriori inconceivability (e.g. the notion that someone could touch a star without being burned). As the basis of this argument, I refer to an a priori observation (Primus, 2019) regarding our inability to imagine inconsistency (difference) within any point of space. This observation renders the notion of absolute power to be inconceivable, a priori. I briefly discuss the moral implications of religious faith in the context of Purism: a moral rationalist paradigm. I conclude that whilst belief in God can be aesthetically expressed it should not be possessed as a material purpose, due to the illogicality of the latter category of belief and/or expression. With this article I provide conceptual delineation between harmless religious belief and expression—which, I argue, should be protected from persecution, as per any other artistic expression—and religious belief and expression which is materially harmful to society. Whilst I aim to protect religious freedom of expression on one hand, I duly aim to reduce instances of material faith in God(s) on the other. Finally, I aim to bring hope in the possibility for human salvation via technology—such that they should exist indefinitely as ‘demi-gods,’ defined by conditional, relative power over their environment.
Estimating Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate Using Microstructure Data from the Ship-Towed Surface Salinity Profiler
Authors: Iyer Suneil , Drushka Kyla , Rainville Luc 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs part of the second Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS-2), the ship-towed Surface Salinity Profiler (SSP) was used to measure near-surface turbulence and stratification on horizontal spatial scales of tens of kilometers over time scales of hours, resolving structures outside the observational capabilities of autonomous or Lagrangian platforms. Observations of microstructure variability of temperature were made at approximately 37 cm depth from the SSP. The platform can be used to measure turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate when the upper ocean is sufficiently stratified by calculating temperature gradient spectra from the microstructure data and fitting to low-wavenumber theoretical Batchelor spectra. Observations of dissipation rate made across a range of wind speeds under 12 m s−1 were consistent with the results of previous studies of near-surface turbulence and with existing turbulence scalings. Microstructure sensors mounted on the SSP can be used to investigate the spatial structure of near-surface turbulence. This provides a new means to study the connections between near-surface turbulence and the larger-scale distributions of heat and salt in the near-surface layer of the ocean.
The Process of Team Building Among Content Experts and Methodologists: An Example From an Emergency Medical Services Research Investigation Kick-Off Meeting
Authors: Guetterman Timothy C. , Abir Mahshid , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Fouche Sydney , Nham Wilson , Nelson Christopher , Mendel Peter , Forbush Bill , Shields Theresa A. , Setodji Claude M. , Hsu Antony P. , Domeier Robert M. , Kronick Steven , Neumar Robert W. , Fetters Michael D. 
Published: November 2020

Background: Community-engaged research engages the community in a collaborative manner to improve the local setting and has been increasingly applied to health services research. These complex studies require collaboration and team building among clinical experts, methodologists, and community stakeholders, yet few examples of this process have been published. Aim: Through a study of community emergency medical services, our aim was to understand team building among content experts and methodologists to advance the framework for adaptive community-engaged research. Methods: We collected process field notes and transcripts from the project kick-off meetings and analyzed the data using an immersion/crystallization process, which is an exploratory qualitative analysis characterized by continual review of the data collected. All 25 members of the study’s research team, who are both local to Michigan and reside out-of-state, were invited to attend. Results: We describe the process of the kick-off event for this community-engaged study and report major themes: collaborating throughout each stage of the kick-off meeting, building trusting relationships by challenging each other’s perspectives and sharing expertise, and gaining shared experiences of learning and understanding of study content and goals. Conclusion: Team-building in community engaged health research requires thoughtful effort, and planned kick-off meeting can be a useful strategy to build a shared vision among content experts and methodologists.
Factors influencing the outcome of vedolizumab treatment: Real‐life data with objective outcome measurements
Authors: Mader Orla , Juillerat Pascal , Biedermann Luc , Michetti Pierre , Hruz Petr , Pittet Valerie , Rogler Gerhard , Zahnd‐Straumann Nadine , Seibold Frank 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundVedolizumab (VDZ), a humanised monoclonal antibody against a4ß7‐integrin, has shown efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is of importance to assess the mid‐to long‐term efficacy of VDZ using real‐life data.ObjectiveOur study aimed to determine the efficacy of VDZ in patients with IBD with and without prior exposure to anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatments in a real‐life setting. Furthermore, we investigated confounding factors influencing the remission to VDZ.MethodsPatients participating in the Swiss IBD Cohort Study were included in this study. Remission was defined as calprotectin less than 200 mg/kg stool and/or mucosal healing determined by endoscopy. End points were determined between Months 4 and 8 (T1) and between Months 12 and 16 (T2) after VDZ induction.ResultsRemission was reported in 50.5% (110/218) of patients in T1 (48.7% Crohn's disease [CD] and 52.5% ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 46.8% (102/218) in T2 (47% CD and 46.5% UC). In UC patients, a significantly higher remission rate was achieved in T2 among anti‐TNF‐naive patients (57.7%) compared to anti‐TNF‐experienced patients (34.7%; p = 0.02; odds ratio = 0.39, 95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.87). In patients with CD, no difference could be seen in either evaluation interval. Multivariable analysis showed that disease duration significantly influenced remission rates among UC patients. A late response to VDZ therapy with an achievement of remission in T2 was seen in a fifth of all patients (CD: 21.7%, UC: 20.8%). VDZ treatment was stopped in a third of all patients (31.8%) due to nonresponse, adverse events or aggravation of extra‐intestinal manifestations.ConclusionIn a real‐life national cohort setting, VDZ induced remission in more than half of IBD patients. Previous treatment with anti‐TNF agents was associated with a significant lower efficacy of VDZ in UC but not in CD patients.
An Ultrathin, Triple-Band Metamaterial Absorber with Wide-Incident-Angle Stability for Conformal Applications at X and Ku Frequency Band
Authors: Deng Guangsheng , Lv Kun , Sun Hanxiao , Yang Jun , Yin Zhiping , Li Ying , Chi Baihong , Li Xiangxiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn ultrathin and flexible metamaterial absorber (MA) with triple absorption peaks is presented in this paper. The proposed absorber has been designed in such a way that three absorption peaks are located at 8.5, 13.5, and 17 GHz (X and Ku bands) with absorption of 99.9%, 99.5%, and 99.9%, respectively. The proposed structure is only 0.4 mm thick, which is approximately 1/88, 1/55, and 1/44 for the respective free space wavelengths of absorption frequency in various bands. The MA is also insensitive due to its symmetric geometry. In addition, the proposed structure exhibits minimum 86% absorption (TE incidence) within 60° angle of incidence. For TM incidence, the proposed absorber exhibits more than 99% absorptivity up to 60° incidence. Surface current and electric field distributions were investigated to analyze the mechanism governing absorption. Parameter analyses were performed for absorption optimization. Moreover, the performance of the MA was experimentally demonstrated in free space on a sample under test with 20 × 30 unit cells fabricated on a flexible dielectric. Under normal incidence, the fabricated MA exhibits near perfect absorption at each absorption peak for all polarization angles, and the experimental results were found to be consistent with simulation results. Due to its advantages of high-efficiency absorption over a broad range of incidence angles, the proposed absorber can be used in energy harvesting and electromagnetic shielding.
Bivalent genes that undergo transcriptional switching identify networks of key regulators of embryonic stem cell differentiation
Authors: Jeon Ah-Jung , Tucker-Kellogg Greg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBivalent promoters marked with both H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 histone modifications are characteristic of poised promoters in embryonic stem (ES) cells. The model of poised promoters postulates that bivalent chromatin in ES cells is resolved to monovalency upon differntiation. With the availability of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, subsequent switches in transcriptional state at bivalent promoters can be studied more closely.ResultsWe develop an approach for capturing genes undergoing transcriptional switching by detecting ‘bimodal’ gene expression patterns from scRNA-seq data. We integrate the identification of bimodal genes in ES cell differentiation with analysis of chromatin state, and identify clear cell-state dependent patterns of bimodal, bivalent genes. We show that binarization of bimodal genes can be used to identify differentially expressed genes from fractional ON/OFF proportions. In time series data from differentiating cells, we build a pseudotime approximation and use a hidden Markov model to infer gene activity switching pseudotimes, which we use to infer a regulatory network. We identify pathways of switching during differentiation, novel details of those pathway, and transcription factor coordination with downstream targets.ConclusionsGenes with expression levels too low to be informative in conventional scRNA analysis can be used to infer transcriptional switching networks that connect transcriptional activity to chromatin state. Since chromatin bivalency is a hallmark of gene promoters poised for activity, this approach provides an alternative that complements conventional scRNA-seq analysis while focusing on genes near the ON/OFF boundary of activity. This offers a novel and productive means of inferring regulatory networks from scRNA-seq data.