bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features, optical coherence tomography findings and treatment outcomes of post-fever retinitis
Authors: Sundar M Dheepak , Chawla Rohan , Balaji Akshaya , Garg Itika , Kalathil Reshmi , Hasan Nasiq , Vikas S J , Kumar Atul 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To study the clinical features, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, treatment options and follow-up outcomes of post-fever retinitis (PFR). Subjects: A total of 19 eyes of 13 patients, diagnosed with PFR (retinitis following febrile episode) over 2 years were retrospectively studied. Methods: Documented history, baseline clinical features and systemic investigations performed for PFR were reviewed. Fundus findings, foveal architecture on swept-source OCT, the treatment options and the follow-up outcomes including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Common fundus findings included whitish retinitis lesions (100%), macular star (95%, 18eyes), retinal flame-shaped hemorrhages (63%, 12 eyes), inflammatory retinal vessels (30%, 6 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage (one eye) and OCT findings included neuro-sensory detachment (79%, 15 eyes), intraretinal white dots (89.5%,17 eyes). The baseline median log MAR BCVA and CFT were 1.30 (interquartile range (IQR):0.8–1.8) and 423 microns (IQR:182–555). Overall, nine patients (12 eyes) received a combination of oral doxycycline and oral steroids and four patients (7 eyes) received a combination of oral doxycycline, oral steroid and intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (IVA). Significant improvement was evident at 8 weeks in median BCVA (0.50, IQR: 0.3–0.8, p < 0.05) and median CFT (223 micron, IQR: 170–256, p < 0.05) though only 26% (5 eyes) attained BCVA > = 6/12. Conclusion: Our study puts forth certain characteristic fundus and OCT features of PFR. A combination of oral doxycycline and oral steroids as a treatment option showed improvement in BCVA and CFT. Additional IVA helps in faster visual recovery in patients presenting with severe macular edema at onset.
Transcribed sex-specific markers on the Y chromosome of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Carraretto Davide , Aketarawong Nidchaya , Di Cosimo Alessandro , Manni Mosè , Scolari Francesca , Valerio Federica , Malacrida Anna R. , Gomulski Ludvik M. , Gasperi Giuliano 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis, is a highly polyphagous invasive species with a high reproductive potential. In many tropical and subtropical parts of the world it ranks as one of the major pests of fruits and vegetables. Due to its economic importance, genetic, cytogenetic, genomic and biotechnological approaches have been applied to understand its biology and to implement the Sterile Insect Technique, currently a part of area-wide control programmes against this fly. Its chromosome complement includes five pairs of autosomes and the sex chromosomes. The X and Y sex chromosomes are heteromorphic and the highly heterochromatic and degenerate Y harbours the male factorBdMoY. The characterization of the Y chromosome in this fly apart from elucidating its role as primary sex determination system, it is also of crucial importance to understand its role in male biology. The repetitive nature of the Y chromosome makes it challenging to sequence and characterise.ResultsUsing Representational Difference Analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridisation on mitotic chromosomes and in silico genome resources, we show that theB. dorsalisY chromosome harbours transcribed sequences ofgyf,(typo-gyf) a homologue of theDrosophila melanogaster Gigyfgene, and of a non-LTR retrotransposon R1. Similar sequences are also transcribed on the X chromosome. Paralogues of theGigyfgene are also present on the Y and X chromosomes of the related speciesB. tryoni. Another identified Y-specific repetitive sequence linked toBdMoYappears to be specific toB. dorsalis.ConclusionsOur random scan of the Y chromosome provides a broad picture of its general composition and represents a starting point for further applicative and evolutionary studies. The identified repetitive sequences can provide a useful Y-marking system for molecular karyotyping of single embryos. Having a robust diagnostic marker associated withBdMoYwill facilitate studies on howBdMoYregulates the male sex determination cascade during the embryonic sex-determination window. The Y chromosome, despite its high degeneracy and heterochromatic nature, harbours transcribed sequences oftypo-gyfthat may maintain their important function in post-transcriptional mRNA regulation. That transcribed paralogous copies ofGigyfare present also on the X and that this genomic distribution is maintained also inB. tryoniraises questions on the evolution of sex chromosomes inBactroceraand other tephritids.
Genetic structure and symbiotic profile of worldwide natural populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
Authors: Nikolouli Katerina , Augustinos Antonios A. , Stathopoulou Panagiota , Asimakis Elias , Mintzas Anastasios , Bourtzis Kostas , Tsiamis George 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Mediterranean fruit fly,Ceratitis capitata,is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest of worldwide economic importance and a model for the development of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for fruit flies of the Tephritidae family (Diptera). SIT relies on the effective mating of laboratory-reared strains and natural populations, and therefore requires an efficient mass-rearing system that will allow for the production of high-quality males. Adaptation of wild flies to an artificial laboratory environment can be accompanied by negative effects on several life history traits through changes in their genetic diversity and symbiotic communities. Such changes may lead to reduced biological quality and mating competitiveness in respect to the wild populations. Profiling wild populations can help understand, and maybe reverse, deleterious effects accompanying laboratory domestication thus providing insects that can efficiently and effectively support SIT application.ResultsIn the present study, we analyzed both the genetic structure and gut symbiotic communities of natural medfly populations of worldwide distribution, including Europe, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. The genetic structure of 408 individuals from 15 distinct populations was analyzed with a set of commonly used microsatellite markers. The symbiotic communities of a subset of 265 individuals from 11 populations were analyzed using the 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing of single individuals (adults). Genetic differentiation was detected among geographically distant populations while adults originated from neighboring areas were genetically closer. Alpha and beta diversity of bacterial communities pointed to an overall reduced symbiotic diversity and the influence of the geographic location on the bacterial profile.ConclusionsOur analysis revealed differences both in the genetic profile and the structure of gut symbiotic communities of medfly natural populations. The genetic analysis expanded our knowledge to populations not analyzed before and our results were in accordance with the existing scenarios regarding this species expansion and colonization pathways. At the same time, the bacterial communities from different natural medfly populations have been characterized, thus broadening our knowledge on the microbiota of the species across its range. Genetic and symbiotic differences between natural and laboratory populations must be considered when designing AW-IPM approaches with a SIT component, since they may impact mating compatibility and mating competitiveness of the laboratory-reared males. In parallel, enrichment from wild populations and/or symbiotic supplementation could increase rearing productivity, biological quality, and mating competitiveness of SIT-important laboratory strains.
An early female lethal system of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, for biotechnology-enhanced SIT
Authors: Concha Carolina , Yan Ying , Arp Alex , Quilarque Evelin , Sagel Agustin , de León Adalberto Pérez , McMillan W. Owen , Skoda Steven , Scott Maxwell J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe New World Screwworm fly (NWS),Cochliomyia hominivorax, is an ectoparasite of warm-blooded animals and a major pest of livestock in parts of South America and the Caribbean where it remains endemic. In North and Central America it was eradicated using the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). A control program is managed cooperatively between the governments of the United States and Panama to prevent the northward spread of NWS from infested countries in South America. This is accomplished by maintaining a permanent barrier through the release of millions of sterile male and female flies in the border between Panama and Colombia. Our research team demonstrated the utility of biotechnology-enhanced approaches for SIT by developing a male-only strain of the NWS. The strain carried a single component tetracycline repressible female lethal system where females died at late larval/pupal stages. The control program can be further improved by removing females during embryonic development as larval diet costs are significant.ResultsThe strains developed carry a two-component system consisting of theLucilia sericata bottleneckgene promoter driving expression of the tTA gene and a tTA-regulatedLshidproapoptotic effector gene. Insertion of the sex-specifically spliced intron from theC. hominivorax transformergene within theLshidgene ensures that only females die when insects are reared in the absence of tetracycline. In several double homozygous two-component strains and in one “All-in-one” strain that had both components in a single construct, female lethality occurred at the embryonic and/or first instar larval stages when raised on diet without tetracycline. Laboratory evaluation for phenotypes that are relevant for mass rearing in a production facility revealed that most strains had fitness characteristics similar to the wild type J06 strain that is currently reared for release in the permanent barrier. Testing of an “All in one” strain under mass rearing conditions showed that the strain maintained the fitness characteristics observed in small-scale rearing.ConclusionsThe early female lethal strains described here could be selected by the NWS Control Program for testing at large scale in the production facility to enhance the efficiency of the NWS eradication program.
Efficient SARS-CoV-2 detection in unextracted oro-nasopharyngeal specimens by rRT-PCR with the Seegene Allplex™ 2019-nCoV assay
Authors: Freppel Wesley , Merindol Natacha , Rallu Fabien , Bergevin Marco 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The fight against the COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need to rapidly detect infected people. The challenge for clinical laboratories has been finding a high throughput, cost-efficient, and accurate testing method in the context of extraction reagents shortage on a global scale. To answer this need, we studied SARS-CoV-2 detection in oro-nasopharyngeal (ONP) swabs stored in Universal Transport Media (UTM) or in RNase-free water by rRT-PCR with Seegene Allplex™ 2019-nCoV assay without RNA extraction.

Results
Optimal results were obtained when swabs stored in UTM were diluted 1/5 and 1/2 in RNase-free water. Thermal lysis before rRT-PCR testing slightly improved detection rate. In addition, proteinase K (PK) treatment allowed for a significant reduction of invalid results and increased sensitivity for detection of low viral load specimens. In a panel of positive samples with all 3 viral genes amplified and N gene Cycle threshold values (Ct values) from 15 to 40, our detection rate was 98.9% with PK and 94.4% without. In a challenging panel of low positive samples with only the N gene being detectable at Ct values > 30, detection rate was increased from 53.3 to 76.7% with the addition of PK, and invalid rate fell off from 18.3 to 0%. Furthermore, we demonstrated that our method reliably detects specimens with Ct values up to 35, whereas false negative samples become frequent above this range. Finally, we show that swabs should be stored at − 70 °C rather than 4 °C when testing cannot be performed within 72 h of collection.

Conclusion
We successfully optimized the unextracted rRT-PCR process using the Seegene Allplex™ 2019-nCoV assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in nasopharyngeal swabs. This improved method offers cost savings and turnaround time advantages compared to automated extraction, with high efficiency of detection that could play an important role in the surveillance of Covid-19.
The professional contribution of chiropractors to Danish elite football clubs: a qualitative exploration of role and perceived value in an interprofessional service provision context
Authors: Hostrup Joachim , Koza Anders , Myburgh Corrie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Interprofessional team-based care has been widely adopted in elite level athletic health and performance practice. Chiropractors can claim some penetration as health care service providers in high level sport. However, their position as valued members of interprofessional health care teams, especially those built around traditional medical organisational structures, is unclear. This investigation sought to explore the perceived role and value of chiropractors as service providers in elite Danish football clubs.

Methods
A comparative qualitative case study was conducted. Six Danish premiere league (Superliga) clubs were purposively sampled to compare and contrast instances where chiropractors were both present and absent from the health care team. Triangulated responses were solicited from healthcare coordinators, chiropractors and athletes within each club’s organization through semi-structured individual interviews. The audio-recorded responses were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed using a framework approach.

Results
Data were collected September and November 2019. A coding framework of 14 codes and 4 code families emerged, centering around the role of chiropractors, benefits of utilizing chiropractic care and facilitators and barriers to interprofessional practice. From this framework, three themes were abstracted, these being: “Broadening horizons”, “In-house preferred to take-away” and “Already covered, or even necessary?”

Conclusion
In this practice context, chiropractors fill the role of musculoskeletal health care service providers. Their perceived value stems from additional expert disciplinary knowledge, improved diagnostic triage and increased treatment flexibility. However, where not utilized, the role of a spinal health expert is questioned and when acknowledged, is limited to that of a technician/therapist. It is unclear from this investigation whether chiropractors can claim core provider status. Further exploration of this interesting context of interprofessional practice is warranted.
Estimating prevalence of subjective cognitive decline in and across international cohort studies of aging: a COSMIC study
Authors:   for Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC), Röhr Susanne , Pabst Alexander , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Jessen Frank , Turana Yuda , Handajani Yvonne S. , Brayne Carol , Matthews Fiona E. , Stephan Blossom C. M. , Lipton Richard B. , Katz Mindy J. , Wang Cuiling , Guerchet Maëlenn , Preux Pierre-Marie , Mbelesso Pascal , Ritchie Karen , Ancelin Marie-Laure , Carrière Isabelle , Guaita Antonio , Davin Annalisa , Vaccaro Roberta , Kim Ki Woong , Han Ji Won , Suh Seung Wan , Shahar Suzana , Din Normah C. , Vanoh Divya , van Boxtel Martin , Köhler Sebastian , Ganguli Mary , Jacobsen Erin P. , Snitz Beth E. , Anstey Kaarin J. , Cherbuin Nicolas , Kumagai Shuzo , Chen Sanmei , Narazaki Kenji , Ng Tze Pin , Gao Qi , Gwee Xinyi , Brodaty Henry , Kochan Nicole A. , Trollor Julian , Lobo Antonio , López-Antón Raúl , Santabárbara Javier , Crawford John D. , Lipnicki Darren M. , Sachdev Perminder S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is recognized as a risk stage for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias, but its prevalence is not well known. We aimed to use uniform criteria to better estimate SCD prevalence across international cohorts.

Methods
We combined individual participant data for 16 cohorts from 15 countries (members of the COSMIC consortium) and used qualitative and quantitative (Item Response Theory/IRT) harmonization techniques to estimate SCD prevalence.

Results
The sample comprised 39,387 cognitively unimpaired individuals above age 60. The prevalence of SCD across studies was around one quarter with both qualitative harmonization/QH (23.8%, 95%CI = 23.3–24.4%) and IRT (25.6%, 95%CI = 25.1–26.1%); however, prevalence estimates varied largely between studies (QH 6.1%, 95%CI = 5.1–7.0%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%; IRT: 7.8%, 95%CI = 6.8–8.9%, to 52.7%, 95%CI = 47.4–58.0%). Across studies, SCD prevalence was higher in men than women, in lower levels of education, in Asian and Black African people compared to White people, in lower- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries, and in studies conducted in later decades.

Conclusions
SCD is frequent in old age. Having a quarter of older individuals with SCD warrants further investigation of its significance, as a risk stage for AD and other dementias, and of ways to help individuals with SCD who seek medical advice. Moreover, a standardized instrument to measure SCD is needed to overcome the measurement variability currently dominant in the field.
From Big Data to Artificial Intelligence: chemoinformatics meets new challenges
Authors: Tetko Igor V. , Engkvist Ola 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The increasing volume of biomedical data in chemistry and life sciences requires development of new methods and approaches for their analysis. Artificial Intelligence and machine learning, especially neural networks, are increasingly used in the chemical industry, in particular with respect to Big Data. This editorial highlights the main results presented during the special session of the International Conference on Neural Networks organized by “Big Data in Chemistry” project and draws perspectives on the future progress of the field.

Graphical Abstract
Comparison of direct and indirect models of early induced acute lung injury
Authors: Chimenti Laura , Morales-Quinteros Luis , Puig Ferranda , Camprubi-Rimblas Marta , Guillamat-Prats Raquel , Gómez Maria Nieves , Tijero Jessica , Blanch Lluis , Matute-Bello Gustavo , Artigas Antonio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The animal experimental counterpart of human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is acute lung injury (ALI). Most models of ALI involve reproducing the clinical risk factors associated with human ARDS, such as sepsis or acid aspiration; however, none of these models fully replicates human ARDS.

Aim
To compare different experimental animal models of ALI, based on direct or indirect mechanisms of lung injury, to characterize a model which more closely could reproduce the acute phase of human ARDS.

Materials and methods
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intratracheal instillations of (1) HCl to mimic aspiration of gastric contents; (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic bacterial infection; (3) HCl followed by LPS to mimic aspiration of gastric contents with bacterial superinfection; or (4) cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce peritonitis and mimic sepsis. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after instillations or 24 h after CLP.

Results
At 24 h, rats instilled with LPS or HCl-LPS had increased lung permeability, alveolar neutrophilic recruitment and inflammatory markers (GRO/KC, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6). Rats receiving only HCl or subjected to CLP had no evidence of lung injury.

Conclusions
Rat models of ALI induced directly by LPS or HCl-LPS more closely reproduced the acute phase of human ARDS than the CLP model of indirectly induced ALI.
Star-shaped patterns caused by colloidal aggregation during the spreading process of a droplet
Authors: Shimokawa Michiko , Kitahata Hiroyuki , Sakaguchi Hidetsugu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, we discovered that, when an acidic solution with a low surface tension spreads on the surface of a glycerol solution mixed with milk, a star-shaped pattern is spontaneously formed on the surface in the horizontal plane during the spreading process. We experimentally investigated the emergence of the star-shaped pattern caused by an interfacial instability by using glycerol and aqueous 2-methoxyethanol solutions, which are acidic solutions; we chose the viscosity of the glycerol solution and concentration of both solutions as free parameters. The result demonstrated that the star-shaped pattern emerged when the concentration of 2-methoxyethanol was high. We proposed a phenomenological model based on our experimental results, which explains the following three points: the spreading of the aqueous 2-methoxyethanol solution on the surface of the glycerol solution; colloidal aggregation of the milk protein colloids caused by the denaturation that occurs when mixed with 2-methoxyethanol; accumulation of the aggregates toward the dent regions of the moving interface by a sweeping effect. The model reproduced the star-shaped pattern, which was similar to the experimental one. Furthermore, the concentration of the 2-methoxyethanol solution and the viscosity of the glycerol solution were taken as control parameters in our experiments and were varied, and a phase diagram was obtained. The phase diagram was similar to that obtained from our experiments. The results suggest that the above three points are important for the formation of the star-shaped pattern.
Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Selective B-H Functionalization ofo-Carboranes
Authors: Au Yik Ki , Xie Zuowei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarboranes are a class of carbon-boron molecular clusters, possessing extraordinary characteristics including three-dimensional aromaticity conjugated by σ-bonds, icosahedral geometry and inherent robustness. They are finding growing applications as valuable building blocks in boron neutron capture therapy agents, pharmacophores, nanomaterials, optoelectronic, organometallic/coordination chemistry and more. Therefore, the effective and controlled functionalization of carboranes has attracted enormous research interests, particularly in regio- and enantio-selective cage BH derivatization among ten chemically similar BH vertices of o-carboranes. Only in the recent few years, significant progress has been made in transition metal catalyzed vertex-specific BH functionalization. This review summarizes recent advances in this research realm.