bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Conditions and Kinematics of the Filamentary Structure in Orion Molecular Cloud 1
Authors: Teng Yu-Hsuan , Hirano Naomi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We have studied the structure and kinematics of the dense molecular gas in the Orion Molecular Cloud 1 (OMC1) region with the N2H+ 3–2 line. The 6′ × 9′ (∼0.7 × 1.1 pc) region surrounding the Orion Kleinmann–Low (KL) core has been mapped with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and the Submillimeter Telescope (SMT). The combined SMA and SMT image, with a resolution of ∼5.″4 (∼2300 au), reveals multiple filaments with a typical width of 0.02–0.03 pc. On the basis of the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis using the N2H+ 3–2 and 1–0 data, the density and temperature of the filaments are estimated to be ∼107 cm−3 and ∼15 K–20 K, respectively. The core fragmentation is observed in three massive filaments, one of which shows the oscillations in the velocity and intensity that could be the signature of core-forming gas motions. The gas kinetic temperature is significantly enhanced in the eastern part of OMC1, likely due to the external heating from the high-mass stars in M42 and M43. In addition, the filaments are colder than their surrounding regions, suggesting shielding from the external heating due to the dense gas in the filaments. The OMC1 region consists of three subregions, i.e., north, west, and south of Orion KL, having different radial velocities with sharp velocity transitions. There is a north-to-south velocity gradient from the western to the southern regions. The observed velocity pattern suggests that dense gas in OMC1 is collapsing globally toward the high-mass star-forming region, Orion Nebula Cluster.
Inelastic Processes in Low-energy Sulfur–Hydrogen Collisions
Authors: Belyaev Andrey K. , Voronov Yaroslav V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The cross sections and rate coefficients for inelastic processes in low-energy collisions of sulfur atoms and positive ions with hydrogen atoms and negative ions are calculated for the collisional energy range

and for the temperature range 1000–10,000 K. Fifty-five covalent states and two ionic ones are considered. The ground ionic state

provides only

molecular symmetry, while the first-excited ionic state

provides three molecular symmetries:

,

, and

. The study of sulfur–hydrogen collisions is performed by the quantum model methods within the Born–Oppenheimer formalism. The electronic structure of the collisional quasimolecule is calculated by the semiempirical asymptotic method for each considered molecular symmetry. For nuclear dynamic calculations, the multichannel formula in combination with the Landau–Zener model is used. Nuclear dynamics within each considered symmetry is treated separately, and the total rate coefficients for each inelastic process have been summed over all symmetries. The largest values of the rate coefficients (exceeding

) correspond to the mutual neutralization processes in

(the ground ionic state being the initial state), as well as in

(the first-excited ionic state being the initial state) collisions. At the temperature 6000 K, the rate coefficients with large magnitudes have the values from the ranges

and

, respectively. The calculated rate coefficients with large and moderate values are important for NLTE stellar atmosphere modeling.
Response of the High-latitude Upper Mesosphere to Energetic Electron Precipitation
Authors: Zou Zicheng , Xue Xianghui , Yi Wen , Shen Chenglong , Yang Chengyun , Tang Yihuan , Chen Tingdi , Dou Xiankang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We carried out a statistical study on the effects of strong geomagnetic activity on the mesopause over the auroral region from 2002 to 2018. When the auroral electrojet index increased significantly, the energetic electron precipitation from the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector was enhanced by several multiples of 10 for the 55°–70° geomagnetic latitude band. The temperatures measured by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument increased immediately in the mesopause region, together with a descent of the mesopause of about 0.5–2 km. Due to the depth that the precipitation can affect, we conclude that the mesopause is mainly influenced by electrons in the energy range 30–100 keV. The maximum temperature increment at 95 km can reach 4 K and the delay of the response can be up to 1 day. In general, we find that the temperatures significantly respond to the electron precipitation at as low as 93 km, within the mesopause region in most of a year.
Milky Way Satellite Census. I. The Observational Selection Function for Milky Way Satellites in DES Y3 and Pan-STARRS DR1
Authors: Drlica-Wagner A. , Bechtol K. , Mau S. , McNanna M. , Nadler E. O. , Pace A. B. , Li T. S. , Pieres A. , Rozo E. , Simon J. D. , Walker A. R. , Wechsler R. H. , Abbott T. M. C. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Carrasco Kind M. , Carretero J. , Costanzi M. , da Costa L. N. , De Vicente J. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Doel P. , Eifler T. F. , Everett S. , Flaugher B. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Krause E. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Maia M. A. G. , Marshall J. L. , Melchior P. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Palmese A. , Plazas A. A. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Serrano S. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We report the results of a systematic search for ultra-faint Milky Way satellite galaxies using data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and Pan-STARRS1 (PS1). Together, DES and PS1 provide multi-band photometry in optical/near-infrared wavelengths over ∼80% of the sky. Our search for satellite galaxies targets ∼25,000 deg2 of the high-Galactic-latitude sky reaching a 10σ point-source depth of ≳22.5 mag in the g and r bands. While satellite galaxy searches have been performed independently on DES and PS1 before, this is the first time that a self-consistent search is performed across both data sets. We do not detect any new high-significance satellite galaxy candidates, recovering the majority of satellites previously detected in surveys of comparable depth. We characterize the sensitivity of our search using a large set of simulated satellites injected into the survey data. We use these simulations to derive both analytic and machine-learning models that accurately predict the detectability of Milky Way satellites as a function of their distance, size, luminosity, and location on the sky. To demonstrate the utility of this observational selection function, we calculate the luminosity function of Milky Way satellite galaxies, assuming that the known population of satellite galaxies is representative of the underlying distribution. We provide access to our observational selection function to facilitate comparisons with cosmological models of galaxy formation and evolution.
A Subsolar Metallicity Progenitor for Cassiopeia A, the Remnant of a Type IIb Supernova
Authors: Sato Toshiki , Yoshida Takashi , Umeda Hideyuki , Nagataki Shigehiro , Ono Masaomi , Maeda Keiichi , Hirai Ryosuke , Hughes John P. , Williams Brian J. , Maeda Yoshitomo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We report the detection of the Mn-Kα line in the SN-IIb remnant, Cassiopeia A. Manganese (55Mn after decay of 55Co), a neutron-rich element, together with chromium (52Cr after decay of 52Fe), is mainly synthesized in core-collapse supernovae at the explosive incomplete Si-burning regime. Therefore, the Mn/Cr mass ratio with its neutron excess reflects the neutronization at the relevant burning layer during the explosion. Chandra's deep archival X-ray data of Cassiopeia A indicate a low Mn/Cr mass ratio with values in the range 0.10–0.66, which, when compared to one-dimensional SN explosion models, requires that the electron fraction be 0.4990 ≲ Y
e ≲ 0.5 at the incomplete Si-burning layer. An explosion model assuming a solar-metallicity progenitor with a typical explosion energy (1 × 1051 erg) fails to reproduce such a high electron fraction. We can satisfy the observed Mn/Cr mass ratio if the explosive Si-burning regime was to extend into the O/Ne hydrostatic layer, which has a higher Y
e. This would require an energetic (>2 × 1051 erg) and/or asymmetric explosion of a subsolar-metallicity progenitor (Z ≲ 0.5Z
⊙) for Cassiopeia A. The low initial metallicity can be used to rule out a single-star progenitor, leaving the possibility of a binary progenitor with a compact companion. We discuss the detectability of X-rays from Bondi accretion onto such a compact companion around the explosion site. We also discuss other possible mass-loss scenarios for the progenitor system of Cassiopeia A.
Childhood use of mobile devices: Influence of mothers’ socio-educational level
Authors: Jiménez-Morales Mònika , Montaña Mireia , Medina-Bravo Pilar 
Published: April 2020

The presence and variety of mobile devices in Spanish homes, regardless of the social and economic con-text, has been widespread for years. Several studies focus on parental mediation in children's consumption of smart devices, however, there is a lack of scientific evidence about how the educational level and the professional profile of parents affect children’s digital media consumption. This study analyzes the influence of the socio-educational level of families on the consumption of digital screens. The study deepens the understanding on the educational level of parents, as well as their professional category. A quantitative methodology was applied on a sample of 792 primary school children, between 5 and 9 years of age, in three Spanish cities. The consumption of television, smartphones, tablets, computers and videogames was analyzed. Results indicate that, the lower the level of education and professional category of the mother, the greater the consumption of content through smart devices by children. The study demonstrates, there-fore, the importance of considering the educational and professional levels of mothers and fathers for a better understanding of the consumption of digital screens and, at the same time, as an opportunity for designing family strategies that encourage critical thinking and digital media education.
La presencia y la variedad de dispositivos móviles en los hogares españoles, con independencia del contexto social y económico, es una realidad normalizada desde hace años. Diversos estudios se centran en la mediación parental en el consumo infantil de pantallas inteligentes, aunque existe una falta de evidencia científica sobre cómo el nivel de formación y el perfil profesional de las madres y de los padres inciden en las formas de consumo mediático digital de los menores. Este estudio analiza la influencia del nivel socioeducativo de las familias en el consumo de pantallas inteligentes. La investigación profundiza en el nivel de estudios de madres y padres, así como en su categoría profesional. Para ello se utiliza una metodología cuantitativa a partir de una muestra de 792 niños y niñas de primaria, de entre 5 y 9 años, de tres ciudades españolas. Se analiza el consumo de televisión, teléfonos móviles, tabletas, ordenadores y videojuegos. Los resultados señalan que, a menor nivel de estudios y menor categoría profesional de la madre, mayor es el consumo de contenidos a través de dispositivos móviles por parte de los menores. El estudio demuestra la importancia de considerar el nivel educativo y profesional de las madres y de los padres como oportunidad para entender mejor el consumo de pantallas inteligentes y para diseñar estrategias familiares que fomenten el pensamiento crítico y la educación mediática digital.
Karl Löwith et la question de l’anthropologie
Authors: Berner Christian 
Published: April 2020

Cette contribution se propose d’étudier l’anthropologie philosophique de Karl Löwith en partant de sa thèse d’habilitation, Das Individuum in der Rolle des Mitmenschen (1928). L’étude de cet ouvrage, dont Löwith nous dit qu’il est « pensé de manière anthropologique », permettra de poser le cadre initial de son anthropologie dont nous montrerons que la visée est éthique. C’est là sans doute, comme nous le montrerons en passant par la lecture de Löwith par Gadamer, que se joue la véritable distanciation avec l’ontologie heideggérienne, même lorsque la pensée de Löwith cherchera à expurger son anthropologie de tout anthropocentrisme.
Les violences faites aux femmes dans le monde : une pandémie ?
Authors: Dequiré Anne-Françoise 
Published: April 2020

Dans le monde, les femmes sont les premières victimes de violences : violences physiques, sexuelles, psychologiques, verbales, économiques. Ces multiples formes de violences ont en commun d’instaurer ou de maintenir une relation de domination, de contrôle, les privant de toute autonomie, niant leurs désirs et leurs droits élémentaires. Cet article se propose de faire un état des lieux des violences faites aux femmes dans le monde, d’en présenter les différentes formes puis d’exposer les causes de ces violences, notamment les causes structurelles et institutionnelles.
Creating rapid test for timely CAN syndrome diagnostics
Authors: Mydlíková Eva , Patyi Peter , Vargová Denisa , Nicolussi Ľubica , Slaný Jaroslav 
Published: April 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de faire le point sur le processus de création et de validation d’un test rapide pour quatre formes de base du syndrome CAN (Child Abuse and Neglect, Négligences et abus sur enfants ). La base théorique pour la création du test consiste en une approche intégrée mettant l’accent sur l’approche socio-interactive (Bentowim, 1998 ; Gjuričová, 2000 ; Vlčková, 2001 ; Šramová, 2004 ; Fuchsová, 2009 ; et al. ). Les principales méthodes appliquées lors de la création du test comprenaient l’analyse de contenu de textes spécialisés, la méthode Delphi et la technique du groupe nominal. Les résultats obtenus ont été traités après une application répétée du test dans la pratique. Les résultats des tests ont montré que les groupes de jeunes enfants sont les plus problématiques en termes de diagnostic, que de nombreux enfants testés se trouvent dans le spectre à haut risque, et que les estimations des chercheurs sont beaucoup plus optimistes que la réalité.
Entre respect et non-respect des règles en CHRS : les pratiques des travailleurs sociaux en tension
Authors: Liénard Laure 
Published: April 2020

La violence est un fait récurrent dans les centres d’hébergement accueillant des personnes sans domicile fixe. Proscrite par le règlement, elle fait l’objet de sanctions pouvant aller jusqu’à un éloignement, temporaire ou définitif, de l’institution. Ces sanctions sont appréciées en équipe et font jouer de multiples niveaux de valeurs et perceptions ; mais c’est l’adhésion de l’usager et la qualité du lien qui sont évaluées en premier lieu.
Ségrégation résidentielle et mixité sociale dans les quartiers pauvres et stigmatisés en Allemagne, France et Suisse
Authors: Blanc Maurice , Guhl Jutta 
Published: April 2020

Le Rhin supérieur est une région européenne à cheval sur l’ Allemagne, la France et la Suisse. Dans le cadre du projet MARGE (2017-2019), financé par le programme de coopération transfrontalière INTERREG V de l’Union européenne, les auteurs ont comparé les politiques de logement des pauvres et des étrangers. Ils soulignent de grandes ambiguïtés qui sont présentes sous des formes un peu différentes : 1. L’accès au logement social est difficile pour les pauvres et les étrangers. Au début, ils passent souvent par le logement privé dégradé. « Le marché de l’insalubre » est très lucratif. 2. Il faut éviter deux types de confusions : d’abord entre mixité sociale (riches et pauvres) et mixité ethnique (nationaux et étrangers) ; ensuite entre mixité spatiale (on réside au même endroit) et mixité sociale (on échange) : la première ne débouche pas toujours sur la seconde et elles peuvent produire des violences, tant institutionnelles qu’interpersonnelles.
Aux origines des Grandes Chroniques de France
Authors: Brix Antoine 
Published: April 2020

Cet article propose de refonder l’étude de la fortune littéraire des Grandes Chroniques de France aux xiv e et xv e siècles sur des bases nouvelles. Cette histoire des rois de France, l’un des ouvrages français les plus largement diffusés du Moyen Âge, gagne à n’être pas considérée comme un vecteur de la propagande royale en faveur de l’affermissement du sentiment national et de la construction d’un État unitaire. Œuvre née à l’abbaye de Saint-Denis et véhicule d’une vision de l’histoire propre à cette institution, les Grandes Chroniques apparaissent, à l’aune de l’étude d’un échantillon de manuscrits de prestige, supports de réceptions diverses et témoins de lectures parfois critiques, comme un ouvrage dont les rois ne firent jamais la promotion. Aucun exemplaire manuscrit des Grandes Chroniques ne se rencontre d’ailleurs dans les collections royales entre la saisie de la librairie du Louvre et la confiscation des livres de Charles de Bourbon par François I er . Œuvre appréciée des princes et des aristocrates qui s’en transmettaient les copies comme des symboles de leur appartenance sociale et familiale, les Grandes Chroniques ont trouvé des voies de diffusion vers le nord comme vers le sud du royaume. Tant l’élaboration que la diffusion et la réception des Grandes Chroniques sont donc à réécrire, à partir du texte tel qu’il s’est réellement transmis et des manuscrits tels qu’ils ont effectivement été reçus.
Les relations intergénérationnelles au sein des familles migrantes. Filiation et affiliation pour les jeunes nés dans le pays d’arrivée
Authors: Dusi Paola , González Falcón Inmaculada 
Published: April 2020

Alors qu’assumer les fonctions parentales dans un contexte d’immigration devient toujours plus difficile, les enfants eux doivent se charger du rôle ingrat de réparer la fracture symbolique qui fragilise leur nouvelle identité. Comment les nouvelles générations font-elles face à ce défi ? Quelles formes adopte le rapport parents-enfants ? Quelles perceptions les enfants nés ici de parents migrants ont-ils d’eux-mêmes ? Afin d’examiner ce qu’il advient aux jeunes de ‘seconde génération’ et à leurs familles dans le contexte italien, des entretiens semi-structurés ont été réalisés avec des jeunes nés et élevés ici, par des parents venus d’ailleurs. L’article s’appuie sur l’analyse des données recueillies grâce à 47 entretiens auprès de jeunes de différentes nationalités, âgés de 18 à 30 ans. L’analyse des données s’appuie sur l’approche phénoménologique et le processus de codification ouverte guidé par le principe de la fidélité au phénomène.
Regulation of Gene Expression through Gut Microbiota-Dependent DNA Methylation in Colonic Epithelial Cells
Authors: Takahashi Kyoko , Sugi Yutaka , Nakano Kou , Kobayakawa Tetsuro , Nakanishi Yusuke , Tsuda Masato , Hosono Akira , Kaminogawa Shuichi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A huge number of commensal bacteria inhabit the intestine, which is equipped with the largest immune system in the body. Recently, the regulation of various physiological functions of the host by these bacteria has attracted attention. In this study, the effects of commensal bacteria on gene expression in colonic epithelial cells (CoECs) were investigated with focus on regulation of DNA methylation. RNA sequencing analyses of CoECs from conventional, germ-free, and MyD88−/− mice indicated that, out of the genes affected by commensal bacteria, those downregulated in a MyD88-independent manner were most frequently observed. Furthermore, when the 5′ regions of genes downregulated by commensal bacteria in CoECs were captured using a customized array and immunoprecipitated with the anti-methyl cytosine Ab, a certain population of these genes was found to be highly methylated. Comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation in the 5′ regions of genes in CoECs from conventional and germ-free mice upon pull-down assay with methyl-CpG–binding domain protein 2 directly demonstrated that DNA methylation in these regions was influenced by commensal bacteria. Actually, commensal bacteria were shown to control expression of Aldh1a1, which encodes a retinoic acid–producing enzyme and plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis via DNA methylation in the overlapping 5′ region of Tmem267 and 3110070M22Rik genes in CoECs. Collectively, it can be concluded that regulation of DNA methylation in the 5′ regions of a specific population of genes in CoECs acts as a mechanism by which commensal bacteria have physiological effects on the host.
The CD137 Ligand Is Important for Type 1 Diabetes Development but Dispensable for the Homeostasis of Disease-Suppressive CD137+ FOXP3+ Regulatory CD4 T Cells
Authors: Foda Bardees M. , Ciecko Ashley E. , Serreze David V. , Ridgway William M. , Geurts Aron M. , Chen Yi-Guang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
CD137 modulates type 1 diabetes (T1D) progression in NOD mice. We previously showed that CD137 expression in CD4 T cells inhibits T1D, but its expression in CD8 T cells promotes disease development by intrinsically enhancing the accumulation of β-cell–autoreactive CD8 T cells. CD137 is expressed on a subset of FOXP3+ regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs), and CD137+ Tregs are the main source of soluble CD137. Soluble CD137 suppresses T cells in vitro by binding to the CD137 ligand (CD137L) upregulated on activated T cells. To further study how the opposing functions of CD137 are regulated, we successfully targeted Tnfsf9 (encoding CD137L) in NOD mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system (designated NOD.Tnfsf9−/−). Relative to wild-type NOD mice, T1D development in the NOD.Tnfsf9−/− strain was significantly delayed, and mice developed less insulitis and had reduced frequencies of β-cell–autoreactive CD8 T cells. Bone marrow chimera experiments showed that CD137L-deficient hematopoietic cells were able to confer T1D resistance. Adoptive T cell transfer experiments showed that CD137L deficiency on myeloid APCs was associated with T1D suppression. Conversely, lack of CD137L on T cells enhanced their diabetogenic activity. Furthermore, neither CD137 nor CD137L was required for the development and homeostasis of FOXP3+ Tregs. However, CD137 was critical for the in vivo T1D-suppressive activity of FOXP3+ Tregs, suggesting that the interaction between CD137 and CD137L regulates their function. Collectively, our results provide new insights into the complex roles of CD137-CD137L interaction in T1D.
El terrorismo de Estado en Argentina (1976-1983). Reflexiones en torno a las prácticas de violencia contra las mujeres en los campos de concentración
Authors: Cañón Voirin Julio Lisandro 
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo, propone un acercamiento a una dimensión de las prácticas del terrorismo de Estado en Argentina: la tortura en los campos de concentración. Más específicamente, sobre la tortura que padecieron las mujeres durante su cautiverio. Para ello, analizamos la experiencia de cuatro militantes políticas, secuestradas en la provincia de Entre Ríos. El trabajo repasa tres momentos bien diferenciados, el antes, el durante y el después del terrorismo de Estado. Cada uno de ellos, permite entender cómo se modifican las estructuras objetivas del Estado para exterminar a los grupos reducidos a una otredad negativizada.
This paper proposes an approach to a dimension of the practices of State terrorism in Argentina: torture in the concentration camps. More specifically, about the torture suffered by women during their captivity. For this, we analyze the experience of four political activists, kidnapped in the province of Entre Ríos. The text reviews three distinct moments, the before, during and after State terrorism. Each one of them allows, without deflating the magnitude of what happened, understanding how the objective structures of the State are modified to exterminate the reduced groups to a negativized otherness.