bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining traffic potential as an important part of sustainable railway passenger transport
Authors: Dedík Milan , Kendra Martin , Čechovič Tomáš , Vojtek Martin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The main goal of EU transport policy in passenger transportation is to support public passenger transport and railway transport as a key transport mode, to know actual transport needs and to determine traffic potential properly. The paper considers particular current problems of public passenger transport, especially railway passenger transport. It proposes the basics of a methodical process that should increase its efficiency, attractiveness, a better image for the traveling public, but especially the increase of transport performance. A very important part of the methodical process is determining traffic potential. Particular methods of determining it are described and a proposal of a new methodology is included. The main aim of the methodology is to determine the value of the total traffic potential coefficient Kp. This value can be calculated using the proposed formula. It is possible to fit the values of the factors affecting traffic potential into the formula. As a result, there is practical application of the proposed methodology on real railway lines in Slovakia.
Network model of passenger railway rolling stock scheduling
Authors: Todorova Mirena Mironova 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Passenger rolling stock scheduling to the passenger train timetable is based on the same type and number of carriages, which is the standard way of passenger trainset assignment. The possibility of train scheduling with a single carriage, a group of carriages or a railcar is topical issue for each carrier engaged in rail passenger transport in order to reduce the required rolling stock fleet. The paper presents an original network model developed for rolling stock scheduling for trainsets. The model makes possible to determine the optimum distribution of rolling stock in trainsets minimizing downtime at stations through the out-of-kilter algorithm. The model developed is applied to the scheduling of trainsets in part of the railway network in Bulgaria served by BDZ Passenger Transport Enterprise at the Plovdiv region. The use of the model allows to save passenger rolling stock and increases the efficiency of passenger rolling stock operation.
Martensitic transformations in VO2 films
Authors: Urinov X O , Jumanov X A , Amonov A K , Xidirov A M , Kilichov J R , Nurmurodov J X , Jumaboyev T A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Martensitic transformation is considered to be non-diffusive since the atoms in the transition are moved to a distance of the order of interatomic, and neighboring atoms in the initial phase remain adjacent and in the new one, only their position changes. In this paper, for the first time, an experimental study of the phase transition metal-dielectric (FPMD) in thin films of vanadium dioxide is accompanied by a structural transition of martensitic type, so this material is a convenient model object that allows you to clearly identify both the processes of defect formation and their influence on its physical properties in the vicinity of the phase transition point. The obtained results are naturally associated with the effect of adhesion and epitaxy on the phase transition, which can be reduced to the contribution to the energy balance of the component σ/d, where σ is the density of the surface energy; d is the film thickness. Physically, this may mean that since the growth of films occurs at a temperature above the FPMD temperature, the orientation of the crystal axes of the high-temperature tetragonal phase is stabilized by epitaxial forces from the substrate side, and this makes it difficult to reconstruct the crystal structure during the phase transition. Phase stabilization in thin layers due to surface effects is a common phenomenon in the physics of thin films.
Workstations Industry 4.0 for instrument manufacturing
Authors: Zakoldaev D A , Korobeynikov A G , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The actual task is to project the structure of operator automatic work place in the Industry 4.0 smart factory. The Industry 4.0 smart factory is a new type of production company. Smart factories are oriented to manufacture item designing components in automatic mode. The key technologies of humanless and paperless production are cloud technologies, industrial Internet of things, sensors technologies and others. A principle is given how to construct automatizing work place in existing production companies of the Industry 3.0. There is a functional scheme of the Industry 3.0 production company automatized work place. It is clear that implementation of new informative technologies influence significantly the structure of an operator automatized work place in production. The proposed functional scheme of the automatized work place is for the Industry 4.0 smart factory.
Using states with a large photon number variance to increase quantum Fisher information in single-mode phase estimation
Authors: Lee Changhyoup , Oh Changhun , Jeong Hyunseok , Rockstuhl Carsten , Lee Su-Yong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
When estimating the phase of a single mode, the quantum Fisher information for a pure probe state is proportional to the photon number variance of the probe state. In this work, we point out particular states that offer photon number distributions exhibiting a large variance, which would help to improve the local estimation precision. These theoretical examples are expected to stimulate the community to put more attention to those states that we found, and to work towards their experimental realization and usage in quantum metrology.
What Do Service Users Want from Mental Health Social Work? A Best–Worst Scaling Analysis
Authors: Wilberforce Mark , Abendstern Michele , Batool Saqba , Boland Jennifer , Challis David , Christian John , Hughes Jane , Kinder Phil , Lake-Jones Paul , Mistry Manoj , Pitts Rosa , Roberts Doreen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite being a profession dedicated to the empowerment of service users, empirical study of mental health social work appears dominated by the perspectives of social workers themselves. What service users value is less often reported. This study, authored by a mix of academics and service users/carers, reports a Best–Worst Scaling analysis of ten social worker ‘qualities’, representing both those highly specialist to social work and those generic to other mental health professionals. Fieldwork was undertaken during 2018 with 144 working-age service users, living at home, in five regions of England. Of specialist social work qualities, service users rated ‘[the social worker] thinks about my whole life, not just my illness’ particularly highly, indicating that person-centred approaches drawing on the social model of mental health are crucial to defining social work. However, service users did not value help accessing other community resources, particularly those who had spent the longest time within mental health services. Continuity of care was the most highly valued of all, although this is arguably a system-level feature of support. The research can assist the profession to promote the added value of their work, focusing on their expertise in person-centred care and the social model of mental health.
Lived Experience: Deaf Professionals’ Stories of Resilience and Risks
Authors: Listman Jason D , Kurz Kim B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Navigating a phonocentric and audistic society can be challenging for Deaf people, yet some of them adapt and exhibit resilience. Although there is a plethora of resilience studies, Deaf people’s narratives are largely unexplored. This phenomenological study explored from a Deaf cultural-linguistic lens 10 Deaf professionals who use American Sign Language in the United States and their observation of other Deaf people’s lived experience. The study focused particularly on their experiences in overcoming significant barriers in their lives and the factors that strengthen Deaf people’s resilience. Based on qualitative data gathered from narrative interviews, three main themes emerged from this study: (a) Barriers to Incidental Learning: The Dinner Table Syndrome; (b) Importance of Family Involvement; and (c) Protective Role of the Deaf Community as a Second Family. The stories in this study highlight how Deaf professionals and other Deaf people navigate barriers and manifest resilience.
Left main bronchial sleeve resection with total lung parenchymal preservation: a tailored surgical approach
Authors: Mantovani Sara , Gust Lucile , D’Journo Xavier Benoit , Thomas Pascal Alexandre 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bronchial sleeve resection is an uncommon thoracic surgical procedure. Under specific conditions, patients can be selected to undergo a sleeve resection of the main bronchus with complete parenchymal preservation. The left main bronchus is longer than the contralateral bronchus, therefore left endobronchial tumours can be localized at the proximal end of the bronchus or distally, near the secondary carina. Bronchial anastomosis in these 2 situations requires different approaches. We present the surgical technique of left main bronchus resection with complete preservation of lung parenchyma through a hemi-clamshell incision (proximal tumour) or posterolateral thoracotomy (distal tumour).
Rescuing Nationals Abroad Revisited
Authors: Ronzitti Natalino 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The general rule on the prohibition on use of force in international relations has rendered controversial the cases in which states may lawfully resort to armed force. Even self-defense, which is undoubtedly a lawful action, is the object of contentious interpretations of its precise content and modalities of exercise. Are there lawful instances of recourse to armed action in addition to self-defense and use of force authorized by the United Nations? This is greatly disputed and the controversy also embodies the legality of intervention for rescuing nationals abroad. The latter's lawfulness is the object of this article, which revisits previous work by the author more than 30 years ago, taking into account new state practice, the scarce jurisprudence, the works of the ILC, the relevant UN declarations and international conventions and the opinions of qualified jurists. The main finding is that the practice of intervention for rescuing nationals abroad, once the prerogative of the Western States, now includes actions by other states belonging to different regional groups. The Russian Federation is the most notable example. This article examines the various circumstances in which the necessity for a rescue operation arises and the justifications that may be invoked. It concludes that intervention for rescuing nationals abroad in mortal danger is allowed by a norm of customary international law, which constitutes an autonomous exception to the prohibition of the use of force in international relations.
Pre-rRNA processing and its response to temperature stress in maize
Authors: Liu Guoqin , Yan Pengshuai , Du Qingguo , Wang Yafei , Guo Yu , Fu Zhiyuan , Wang Hongqiu , Tang Jihua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental process in all eukaryotic cells and is coupled with the processing and maturation of pre-rRNAs. Maize is the primary staple crop across the world. However, little is known about the exact pre-rRNA processing sites and pathways in maize. In this study, we identified the critical endonucleolytic cleavage sites and detected the pre-rRNA intermediates by circular reverse transcription PCR (cRT-PCR) and northern blot, presenting a detailed model of the pre-rRNA processing pathway in maize. We demonstrated that two pathways coexist in maize to promote the processing of 35S pre-rRNA and that the processing of 27SA pre-rRNA could proceed via two different pathways, which were distinguished based on the order of ITS1 removal and ITS2 cleavage. Compared with yeast and mammals, this new 27SA pre-rRNA processing mechanism is unique to maize and other higher plants. Moreover, we discovered that maize could modulate pre-rRNA processing levels in response to chilling and heat stress, as indicated by the significant reduction of P-A3. Our study should facilitate future research on ribosome biogenesis and pre-rRNA processing in maize.
Toward multimodal corpus pragmatics: Rationale, case, and agenda
Authors: Huang Lihe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman interaction is multimodal in nature, and meaning in discourse is created through an interplay of an array of modalities. Inspired by the integration of multimodality and corpus pragmatics, we are concerned with a general multimodal framework that facilitates the exploration on pragmatic questions by using corpus methods. By demonstrating how the study on speech acts in situated discourse is benefited from the multimodal corpus approach, we claim that the scope and methods of pragmatic studies will be enriched and the classic pragmatic theories could be further developed toward multimodal corpus pragmatics. This article, therefore, hopes to inspire further theoretical discussion and case study in this domain.
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Performed Within and Outside Clinical Trials in the United States
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I , Singh Baljinder , Huang Wei , Du Zhiyuan , Lobanova Iryna , Liaqat Jahanzeb , Siddiq Farhan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A better understanding of differences in outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy performed within and outside clinical trials will assist in optimal implementation of the procedure for acute ischemic stroke patients in general practice.

OBJECTIVE
To identify differences in demographic and clinical characteristics and outcomes related to mechanical thrombectomy in patients treated within clinical trials and those treated outside clinical trials in a large national cohort.

METHODS
We compared the patient characteristics and associated in-hospital outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients performed within and outside clinical trials using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2013 to 2015. We analyzed in-hospital mortality (primary outcome) and moderate to severe disability (secondary outcome) based on discharge disposition after adjusting for potential confounders.

RESULTS
Of 23 375 patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy, 430 (1.8%) underwent the procedure as part of a clinical trial. After adjusting for age, gender, and the teaching status of the hospital, patients treated within a clinical trial had lower rates of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.14; 95% CI .03 to .71; P < .001). Among patients discharged alive, the rate of moderate to severe disability (OR .43; 95% CI .26 to .71; P < .001) was lower among those patients treated within a clinical trial. There was no difference in odds of post-thrombectomy intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage between the two groups.

CONCLUSION
Mechanical thrombectomy performed as part of clinical trials was associated with lower rates of in-hospital mortality and lower rates of moderate to severe disability compared with those performed outside clinical trials.
The double-edged sword of beneficiary consultation
Authors: Carey Bernadette , Duncan Chris 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Trustees are routinely faced with problems that need solutions, many of which are significant with no clear or easy resolution within reach. Both onshore and offshore, the Public Trustee v Cooper jurisdiction offers a helpful set of court-assisted solutions for a number of different types of issues encountered by trustees. But to what extent should beneficiaries of trusts be able to weave their way into the issue-resolution and decision-making processes, and just how far (and for how long) should the trustee remain engaged in that process? Recent decisions of the Cayman Islands courts offer some helpful guidance in this regard.
Using δ13C and δ18O to analyze loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) response to experimental drought and fertilization
Authors: Lin Wen , Domec Jean-Christophe , Ward Eric J , Marshall John , King John S , Laviner Marshall A , Fox Thomas R , West Jason B , Sun Ge , McNulty Steve , Noormets Asko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrought frequency and intensity are projected to increase throughout the southeastern USA, the natural range of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), and are expected to have major ecological and economic implications. We analyzed the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions in tree ring cellulose of loblolly pine in a factorial drought (~30% throughfall reduction) and fertilization experiment, supplemented with trunk sap flow, allometry and microclimate data. We then simulated leaf temperature and applied a multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis to interpret the changes in the oxygen isotope data. This analysis found that the observed changes in tree ring cellulose could only be accounted for by inferring a change in the isotopic composition of the source water, indicating that the drought treatment increased the uptake of stored moisture from earlier precipitation events. The drought treatment also increased intrinsic water-use efficiency, but had no effect on growth, indicating that photosynthesis remained relatively unaffected despite 19% decrease in canopy conductance. In contrast, fertilization increased growth, but had no effect on the isotopic composition of tree ring cellulose, indicating that the fertilizer gains in biomass were attributable to greater leaf area and not to changes in leaf-level gas exchange. The multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis explored model behavior under different scenarios, highlighting the importance of explicit consideration of leaf temperature in the oxygen isotope discrimination (Δ18Oc) simulation and is expected to expand the inference space of the Δ18Oc models for plant ecophysiological studies.
ARMC9 and TOGARAM1 define a Joubert syndrome-associated protein module that regulates axonemal post-translational modifications and cilium stability
Authors: Latour Brooke L. , Van De Weghe Julie C. , Rusterholz Tamara D. S. , Letteboer Stef J.F. , Gomez Arianna , Shaheen Ranad , Gesemann Matthias , Grout Megan E. , van Reeuwijk Jeroen , Van Beersum Sylvia E.C. , Miller Caitlin V. , Dempsey Jennifer C. , Morsy Heba , Bamshad Michael J. , Nickerson Deborah A. , Neuhauss Stephan C.F. , Boldt Karsten , Ueffing Marius , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Bachmann-Gagescu Ruxandra , Roepman Ronald , Doherty Dan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JBTS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental ciliopathy, characterized by a pathognomonic hindbrain malformation. All known JBTS-genes encode proteins involved in the structure or function of primary cilia, ubiquitous antenna-like organelles essential for cellular signal transduction. Here, we use the recently identified JBTS-associated protein ARMC9 in tandem-affinity purification and yeast two-hybrid screens to identify a novel ciliary module composed of ARMC9-TOGARAM1-CCDC66-CEP104- CSPP1. TOGARAM1-variants cause JBTS and disrupt its interaction with ARMC9. Using a combination of protein interaction analyses and characterization of patient-derived fibroblasts, CRISPR/Cas9-engineered zebrafish and hTERT-RPE1 cells, we demonstrate that dysfunction of ARMC9 or TOGARAM1 results in short cilia with decreased axonemal acetylation and glutamylation, but relatively intact transition zone function. Aberrant serum-induced ciliary resorption and cold-induced depolymerization in both ARMC9 and TOGARAM1 patient cells lines suggest a role for this new JBTS-associated protein complex in ciliary stability.
Evidence for widespread selection in shaping the genomic landscape during speciation ofPopulus
Authors: Wang Jing , Street Nathaniel R. , Park Eung-Jun , Liu Jianquan , Ingvarsson Pär K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIncreasing our understanding of how various evolutionary processes drive the genomic landscape of variation is fundamental to a better understanding of the genomic consequences of speciation. However, the genome-wide patterns of within- and between-species variation have not been fully investigated in most forest tree species despite their global ecological and economic importance. Here, we use whole-genome resequencing data from fourPopulusspecies spanning the speciation continuum to reconstruct their demographic histories, investigate patterns of diversity and divergence, infer their genealogical relationships and estimate the extent of ancient introgression across the genome. Our results show substantial variation in these patterns along the genomes although this variation is not randomly distributed but is strongly predicted by the local recombination rates and the density of functional elements. This implies that the interaction between recurrent selection and intrinsic genomic features has dramatically sculpted the genomic landscape over long periods of time. In addition, our findings provide evidence that, apart from background selection, recent positive selection and long-term balancing selection are also crucial components in shaping patterns of genome-wide variation during the speciation process.
The reconstruction and functional mapping of a recurrent microcircuit inDrosophilamushroom body
Authors: Wang Guangxia , Zhou Bangyu , Wang Shengxiong , Yang Kai , Zhao Jianjian , Yang Xing , Li Yiming , Shen Lijun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInDrosophila melanogaster, mushroom body and anterior paired lateral (APL) neurons play important roles not only in learning and memory but also in high cognitive behavior, reversal learning. The circuit between APL neurons and Kenyon cells (KCs) in the mushroom body underlies this behavior, including reversal learning, and electron microscopy (EM) methods must be used to reveal this circuit. Here, we reconstructed the connections between mushroom body cells and APL neurons in the vertical lobe of the mushroom body via focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and sparse genetic horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeling. We offer the first EM evidence that recurrent network and lateral inhibition connections exist between APL neurons and KCs in the vertical lobe of the mushroom body. This circuit is the neural basis of action selection decision making, associative learning and reversal learning. Additionally, dopamine neurons project to different areas of mushroom bodies and, together with extrinsic neurons and KC axons, form a compartmental structure of mushroom body axons, thereby restricting the KC-mushroom body output neuron (MBON) response to local compartments. Whether APL neurons also respond locally is uncertain. We found that APL neurons exhibited input and output synapses that were intermixed and arranged on enlarged and thin sections, respectively, resembling a string of beads. Different KCs were found to project to APL neurons nonrepetitively, forming a local circuit structure. Furthermore, using a single neurite calcium imaging method, we identified local calcium domains on this circuit, suggestive of individual electrical compartments. The electrically recorded APL neurons were nonspike neurons that selectively responded to odor in both the lobes and calyx. Thus, the localized APL neuron responses coordinate with mushroom body–dopamine-MBON compartmental function.