bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Electroconvulsive Therapy–Related Anxiety
Authors: Obbels Jasmien , Vanbrabant Koen , Verwijk Esmée , Bouckaert Filip , Vansteelandt Kristof , Sienaert Pascal 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
A reliable questionnaire designed to measure electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)–related anxiety is currently not available. We report the development and evaluation of the ECT-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (ERAQ), a questionnaire that measures anxiety with respect to ECT in clinical practice.

Methods
Patients 18 years or older who were about to start with or were having an ECT course were asked to complete a self-designed 17-item ECT-related anxiety questionnaire. We investigated the psychometric properties of the ERAQ through the use of an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Item Response Theory analysis.

Results
One hundred eighty-three patients were included. From the exploratory factor analysis, we conclude that the scale is unidimensional. The confirmatory factor analysis model did not fit well to the data. The Item Response Theory analysis showed that the slope estimates ranged from 1.23 to 2.95 and that location parameters reflected a sizable underlying anxiety for ECT.

Conclusions
The ERAQ is a questionnaire that assesses ECT-related anxiety. It offers a measure of global severity and differentiates between various topics of anxiety. The ERAQ thus informs the clinician about the specific aspects of an ECT course that could trigger a patient's anxiety and can guide clinicians in how to discuss ECT-related anxieties with patients.
Spectrally efficient optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
Authors: Lowery Arthur James 
Published: March 2020

This paper charts the development of spectrally efficient forms of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) that are suited for intensity-modulated direct detection systems, such as wireless optical communications. The journey begins with systems using a DC-bias to ensure that no parts of the signal that modulates the optical source are negative in value, as negative optical intensity is unphysical. As the DC-part of the optical signal carries no information, it is wasteful in energy; thus asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM was developed, removing any negative-going peaks below the mean. Unfortunately, the clipping causes second-order distortion and intermodulation, so some subcarriers appear to be unusable, halving spectral efficiency; this is similar for unipolar and flipped optical OFDM. Thus, a considerable effort has been made to regain spectral efficiency, using layered techniques where the clipping distortion is mostly cancelled at the receiver, from a knowledge of one unpolluted layer, enabling one or more extra ‘layers/paths/depths’ to be received on the previously unusable subcarriers. Importantly, for a given optical power and high-order modulation, layered methods offer the best spectral efficiencies and need the lowest signal-to-noise ratios, especially if diversity combining is used. Thus, they could be important for high-bandwidth optical fibre systems. Efficient methods of generating all layers simultaneously, using fast Fourier transforms with their partial calculations extracted, are discussed, as are experimental demonstrations in both wireless and short-haul communications links. A musical analogy is also provided, which may point to how orchestral and rock music is deciphered in the brain.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.
Interference in multi-user optical wireless communications systems
Authors: Abdalla Iman , Rahaim Michael B. , Little Thomas D. C. 
Published: March 2020

Visible light communications (VLC) (including LiFi) represent a subset of the broader field of optical wireless communications. Where narrow beams, typical of free space optical communications are largely free from interference. VLC encompasses use cases involving combined illumination and data access and supporting a wireless access point (AP) model. The use of many units provides scaling of spatial coverage for both lighting and data access. However, AP replication in close proximity creates many interference challenges that motivate the investigation embodied in this paper. In particular, we frame the interference challenge in the context of existing strategies for driving improvements in link performance and consider the impacts of multiple users, multiple sources and multiple cells. Lastly, we review the state of existing research in this area and recommend areas for further study.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.
Optical wireless communication
Authors: Haas Harald , Elmirghani Jaafar , White Ian 
Published: March 2020

Optical wireless communication has attracted significant interest recently in industry and academia. This special issue features a collection of inter-related papers with the intention to cover all necessary multidisciplinary challenges to realize optical wireless networks. We hope that this special issue will serve as a comprehensive reference and that it will be a resource which fosters many more new ideas for this rapidly emerging field.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.
ZIKA VIRUS VERTICAL TRANSMISSION IN CHILDREN WITH CONFIRMED ANTENATAL EXPOSURE
Authors: Brasil Patrícia , Vasconcelos Zilton , Kerin Tara , Gabaglia Claudia Raja , Ribeiro Ieda P. , Bonaldo Myrna C. , Damasceno Luana , Pone Marcos V. , Pone Sheila , Zin Andrea , Tsui Irena , Adachi Kristina , Pereira Jose Paulo , Gaw Stephanie L. , Carvalho Liege , Cunha Denise C. , Guida Leticia , Rocha Mirza , Cherry James D. , Wang Lulan , Aliyari Saba , Cheng Genhong , Foo Suan-Sin , Chen Weiqiang , Jung Jae , Brickley Elizabeth , Moreira Maria Elisabeth L. , Nielsen-Saines Karin 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn utero transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) can lead to adverse infant outcomes, but vertical transmission rates are unknown.MethodsAntenatally ZIKV-exposed children were followed prospectively since the time of the Rio de Janeiro epidemic in 2015-16. Serum and urine specimens were collected from infants from birth throughout the first year of life. Specimens were tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or IgM antibody capture Zika MAC-ELISA. Infants had neurodevelopmental evaluations, brain imaging, eye examinations, and hearing assessments.ResultsOver time 130 in utero ZIKV-exposed (mothers PCR+) children were tested with 407 specimens evaluated: 161 sera were tested by PCR and IgM assays, 85 urines by PCR; 84 children (65%) were positive in at least one assay. Among 94 children tested within 3 months of age, 70% were positive (39% serum PCR, 48% urine PCR, 39% IgM). After 3 months, 33% were positive by any laboratory method. Five children were intermittently PCR+ beyond 200 days of life. Concordance between IgM and PCR results was 52%, sensitivity 65%, specificity 40% (with any positive PCR result as the gold standard); IgM and serum PCR were 61% concordant; serum and urine PCR 55%. Most children (65%) were clinically normal. Positive results were seen in 29 of 45 children (64%) with abnormal findings and 55 of 85 normal children (65%), p=0·98. Earlier maternal trimester of infection was associated with positive infant laboratory results but not infant clinical disease (p=0·04).ConclusionsZIKV has a high in utero transmission rate. Laboratory confirmed infection is not necessarily associated with abnormal infant findings.
Analysis on the Clinical Characteristics of 36 Cases of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Kunming
Authors: Fu Haiyan , Li Hongjuan , Tang Xiaoqing , Li Xiang , Shen Jie , Zhou Yujun , Xu Bing , Luo Yu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Kunming City, and to study the correlation between nutritional status and immune function.MethodsClinical data of 36 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in isolation area of Kunming Third People’s Hospital from January 31 to February 15, 2020 were collected, and the basic situation, clinical characteristics, laboratory examination and CT imaging characteristics were analyzed. Serum albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB), hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-crp), CD3T cells, CD4T cells, CD8T cells and normal control group were analyzed. A simple linear regression analysis of the relationship between proalbumin and T cell subpopulation counts in the blood of patients.Results(1) The patients with new coronavirus pneumonia in Kunming were mainly of common type. (2) 50% of the patients’ first symptoms were fever and cough; (3) The total number of white blood cells in peripheral blood was normal or decreased in 23 cases (79%), and the lymphocyte count decreased in 5 cases (13.89%), without anemia. Hypersensitive c-reactive protein increased in 19 (52.78%) cases, and procalcitonin increased in 1 case. Albumin decreased in 5 cases (13.89%), proalbumin decreased in 15 cases (41.67%), alanine transaminase increased slightly in 4 cases (11.11%), alanine transaminase increased slightly in 4 cases (11.11%), total bilirubin increased slightly in 11 cases (30.56%), and renal function and blood coagulation were normal. Absolute value of CD3+T cells is with a decrease in 21 cases (58.3%), CD4+T in 28 cases (77.8%), CD8+T in 17 cases (47.2%), and CD4+/ CD8+ inverse in 6 cases (16.7%). (4) The prealbumin, CD3 T cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells in the new coronavirus pneumonia group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group, and the hypersensitive c-reactive protein was higher than that in the normal control group. (5) The levels of PAB in the serum of the patients were linearly correlated with hs-crp, CD3 T cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells, and the correlation coefficients were −0.474, 0.558, 0.467 and 0.613, respectively, showing statistical differences.ConclusionThe clinical characteristics of the novel coronavirus pneumonia in Kunming are different from those in Wuhan. The changes of serum proalbumin and T cell subsets are relatively obvious. Changes in serum proalbumin may contribute to the early warning of novel coronavirus pneumonia. The nutritional status of patients with common and mild pneumonia should be considered.
Genomic architecture and evolutionary conflict drive allele-specific expression in the social supergene of the red fire ant
Authors: Martinez-Ruiz Carlos , Pracana Rodrigo , Stolle Eckart , Paris Carolina I. , Nichols Richard A. , Wurm Yannick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSupergenes are genomic regions of suppressed recombination that underlie complex polymorphisms. Despite the importance of such regions, our empirical understanding of their early evolution is limited. The young “social” supergene of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta provides a powerful system for disentangling the roles of evolutionary conflict and the implications of suppressed recombination.We used population genomics to identify genetic differences between supergene variants and gene expression analyses across different populations, castes and body parts to characterize allelic expression differences for the hundreds of genes in the supergene.We find that the expression of most genes is independent of social form or supergene variant, in line with the young age of this system. Many of the genes with allelic expression differences, however, show a pattern consistent with gene degeneration due to suppressed recombination. In contrast, a small portion of the genes has the signature of evolutionary conflict between social forms.
ConsHMM Atlas: conservation state annotations for major genomes and human genetic variation
Authors: Arneson Adriana , Felsheim Brooke , Chien Jennifer , Ernst Jason 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConsHMM is a method recently introduced to annotate genomes into conservation states, which are defined based on the combinatorial and spatial patterns of which species align to and match a reference genome in a multi-species DNA sequence alignment. Previously, ConsHMM was only applied to a single genome for one multi-species sequence alignment. Here we apply ConsHMM to produce 22 additional genome annotations covering human and seven other organisms for a variety of multi-species alignments. Additionally, we have extended ConsHMM to generate allele specific annotations, which we used to produce conservation state annotations for every possible single nucleotide mutation in the human genome. Finally, we provide a web interface to interactively visualize parameters and annotation enrichments for ConsHMM models. These annotations and visualizations comprise the ConsHMM Atlas, which we expect will be a valuable resource for analyzing a variety of major genomes and genetic variation.
Kallikrein 13: a new player in coronaviral infections
Authors: Milewska Aleksandra , Falkowski Katherine , Kalinska Magdalena , Bielecka Ewa , Naskalska Antonina , Mak Pawel , Lesner Adam , Ochman Marek , Urlik Maciej , Potempa Jan , Kantyka Tomasz , Pyrc Krzysztof 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTHuman coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1) is associated with respiratory disease and is prevalent worldwide, butin vitromodel for virus replication is lacking. Interaction between the coronaviral spike (S) protein and its receptor is the major determinant of virus tissue and host specificity, but virus entry is a complex process requiring a concerted action of multiple cellular elements. Here, we show that KLK13 is required for the infection of the human respiratory epithelium and is sufficient to mediate the entry of HCoV-HKU1 to non-permissive RD cells. We also demonstrated HCoV-HKU1 S protein cleavage by KLK13 in the S1/S2 region, proving that KLK13 is the priming enzyme for this virus. Summarizing, we show for the first time that protease distribution and specificity predetermines the tissue and cell specificity of the virus and may also regulate interspecies transmission. It is also of importance that presented data may be relevant for the emerging coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and may help to understand the differences in their zoonotic potential.
Bridging the gap between corporate social responsibility performance and tax aggressiveness
Authors: Ortas Eduardo , Gallego-Álvarez Isabel 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis paper addresses the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance as a potential mechanism for reducing firms' likelihood of engaging in tax aggressiveness (TAG). The paper also contributes to the existing literature by addressing the moderating effect of national cultures on the link between CSR performance and corporate TAG.Design/methodology/approachThe focus is placed on an unbalanced panel of 2,696 companies distributed in 30 countries and seven economic sectors over the period of 2002–2014.FindingsThe results provide support for those companies achieving high corporate social performance (CSP), corporate environmental performance (CEP) and corporate governance performance (CGP) being less likely to engage in aggressive tax practices. Finally, the results identify some national cultural dimensions moderating the link between disaggregated measures of CSR performance and firms' TAG.Research limitations/implicationsThe difficulty of accessing CSR and TAG data for non-listed companies could bias the data set towards a compliant company profile because of the higher visibility. In addition, the use of effective tax rates to examine firms' TAG should be interpreted with some caution.Practical implicationsThe paper's findings provide unique and useful information for company stakeholders and managers aiming to address the factors that enhance firms' incentives to engage in aggressive tax practices.Originality/valueThis paper addresses the multidimensional nature of CSR performance by analysing the links between CSP, CEP and CGP and corporations' TAG. Furthermore, the research addresses the way in which national culture moderates the links between disaggregated measures of CSR performance and corporate TAG.
The impact of microfinance on Indonesian rural households' welfare
Authors: Santoso Danang Budi , Gan Christopher , Revindo Mohamad Dian , Massie Natanael Waraney Gerald 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study investigates the welfare impact of microfinance on rural households in Indonesia. Its finding will bridge the gap in the Indonesian microfinance literature.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted by collecting primary data and administering a structured questionnaire to rural households in Bantul District, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. We employed the logistic model to measure welfare impacts of microcredit borrowers.FindingsThe research finds that purpose of loan, monthly income, monthly expenditure, interest rates, loan amount, education and marital status have significant effects on the probability of increasing borrowers' welfare after accessing microcredit.Practical implicationsThis study will propose some policy recommendations for Indonesian policymakers that may yield better strategies to help improve the impact of their microcredit programmes on the welfare of rural households.Originality/valueThe authors confirm that the article has not been submitted to peer review, nor is in the process of peer reviewing and nor has been accepted for publishing in another journal. The author(s) confirms that the research in their work is original, and that all the data given in the article are real and authentic.
Prevalence of antibiotic-resistantSalmonellain retail organic chicken
Authors: Guran Husnu Sahan , Ciftci Resat , Gursoy Nafia Canan , Ozekinci Tuncer , Alali Walid Q. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe objective of this study was to determineSalmonellaprevalence, antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes, and their genetic relatedness in frozen organic chicken collected at retail level in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachRetail packs (n = 348) of cut-up chicken parts (breast, leg quarter and drumstick) and whole chicken carcasses were purchased from a central hypermarket in Diyarbakir (Southeast Anatolia Region in Turkey) and from a large online retailer in Turkey. The retail packs were paired by part type, brand, production date, and sell-by date. The chicken samples were analyzed for the presence ofSalmonellaspp., and then isolates were screened for antibiotic susceptibility, class I integron, and genetic similarity.FindingsSalmonellaprevalence in retail frozen organic chicken samples was 6.3 percent; however, the prevalence by parts, leg quarter, drumstick, breast, and whole chicken was 2.1 percent, 10.4 percent, 10.4 percent, and 0 percent, respectively.Salmonellaprevalence was significantly higher in samples obtained from the hypermarket (9.2 percent) compared to online retailer (3.8 percent). All the isolates were serotype Infantis, genetically similar (highly clonal), and 68.2 percent harbored class I integron. All isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (drug of choice to treat salmonellosis in human), and 86.3 percent of the isolates were multidrug-resistant.Originality/valueSalmonellaprevalence in organic chicken meat, regardless of the retail market source in Turkey, may pose a health risk to consumers especially with the high prevalence of multi-drug resistant phenotypes. Findings inform researchers and the public about the safety of organically produced chicken and the potential health risk to consumers.
Who needs to be “more equal” and why? Doing gender equality in male-dominated industries
Authors: Ringblom Lisa , Johansson Maria 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study aims to deepen the understanding of inequality regimes in male-dominated industries, specifically in Swedish forestry and mining, by exploring how conceptions of gender, class and place are articulated and intertwined when doing gender equality in these organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe article draws on empirical material from four research and development projects inspired by a feminist action research methodology.FindingsThis paper shows how gender equality works in these male-dominated organizations simultaneously constructing gender, class and place. When men are at the focal point of gender equality, our empirical findings suggest that blue-collar workers in rural areas are described as “being the problem” for gender inequality in these organizations. Addressing specific groups such as women or blue-collar workers in rural areas is not enough to challenge the inequality regimes that exist in these organizations, since a unilateral focus on certain groups leads to skewed problem formulations.Originality/valueResearch on gender equality work and its relation to intersectionality in male-dominated industries is limited, and by focusing on men and masculinities, this paper contributes to knowledge concerning gender equality in male-dominated industrial organizations.
Factors discourage Kuwaiti employees to participate in the private sector labour force (Kuwaitization)
Authors: Al-Mutairi Abdulla , Naser Kamal , Fayez Fatema 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify factors discouraging Kuwaiti nationals from participating in the private sector labour force (Kuwaitization).

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was distributed to a sample of Kuwaiti nationals to identify the main reasons that prevent them from joining the private sector labour force.

Findings
The study revealed that low expectations of private sectors’ employers regarding Kuwaiti nationals discourage them from joining the sector. Kuwaiti nationals believe that the private sector employers look for high standards of communication and computing skills. They avoid working for the private sector because some jobs require working for two shifts and long working hours, and they cannot obtain frequent leave. Other factors that appeared to affect Kuwaiti nationals’ participation in the private sector labour force were lack of job security, fewer holidays, difficulty to obtain special pay leave or early retirement at lucrative terms, uncertainty about the prospect of promotion and job insecurity.

Research limitations/implications
The current study targets Kuwaiti national employees. To formulate a clear picture about the main factors that influence the success or otherwise of the Kuwaitization policy, it is of paramount importance to explore the opinion of the private sector employers.

Practical implications
The outcome of this study would be used by policymakers to promote Kuwaitization and increase Kuwaiti nationals’ participation in the private sector labour force. This will increase the country’s reliance on its national labour force and ensure sustainable economic and social development.

Originality/value
The outcome of this study is expected to assist the Kuwaiti authorities in reformulating the current Kuwaitization policies to achieve its objectives. The study is expected to draw some lessons applicable to other Gulf Cooperation Council countries.