bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sophisticated antibiotic-loading protocol in articulating cement spacers for the treatment of prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Yang Chuang , Wang Jin , Yin Zhifei , Wang Qiaojie , Zhang Xianlong , Jiang Yao , Shen Hao 
Published: November 2019

Objectives The optimal protocol for antibiotic loading in the articulating cement spacers for the treatment of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains controversial. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of articulating cement spacers loaded with a new combination of antibiotics. Methods A retrospective cohort study involving 114 PJI cases treated with implantation of an articulating cement spacer between 2005 and 2016 was performed. The treatment outcomes of the conventional protocol (i.e. gentamicin and vancomycin (GV protocol)) were compared with those reported using the sophisticated antibiotic-loading protocol (i.e. vancomycin, meropenem, and amphotericin (VMA protocol)). Results There were 62 and 52 PJI cases treated with the GV and VMA protocols, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 22/78 of all isolates (28.2%) in this series were resistant to gentamicin, whereas there were no vancomycin-, meropenem-, or amphotericin-resistant strains. The overall infection recurrence rates were 17.7% (11/62) and 1.9% (1/52), respectively (p = 0.006). In patients with a negative preoperative culture, there was no infection recurrence reported in the VMA cohort (0/45 (0%) vs 10/54 (18.5%) in the GV cohort; p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis indicated that the VMA protocol correlated with a decreased risk of infection recurrence compared with the GV protocol (p = 0.025). Conclusion The sophisticated VMA protocol for the loading of antibiotics in articulating cement spacers, as part of a two-stage exchange, was associated with a reduced rate of infection recurrence. This proposed protocol appears to be safe and effective, especially in patients with negative culture results prior to the first-stage operation. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;8:526–534.
Исследование социального доверия информационным технологиям при предоставлении электронных государственных услуг и использовании порталов электронного участия (кейс Санкт-Петербурга)
Authors: Видясова Людмила Александровна , Видясов Евгений Юрьевич , Тенсина Ярослава Дмитриевна 
Published: November 2019

В статье представлены результаты опроса жителей Санкт-Петербурга о доверии к информационным технологиям. Исследование проводилось на основе идей акторно-сетевой теории и подхода социального конструирования технологий (SCOT). В опросе приняли участие 600 респондентов (ошибка выборки не превышает 4%, уровень достоверности 95%). В исследовании применяется подход к изучению киберсоциального доверия в сфере коммуникаций G2C: технологии электронного правительства, предоставления онлайн-услуг, электронного участия граждан в управлении городом. Анкета содержала параметры для оценки доверия новым технологиям, используемым для общения с представителями органов власти и получения государственных и общественных услуг, решения городских проблем и участия в управлении городом. Результаты опроса показали высокий уровень использования интернета, а также повышение уровня доверия к финансовым транзакциям через интернет.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (проект № 18-311-20001 «Исследование киберсоциального доверия в контексте использования и отказа от информационных технологий»).
Digitale Arbeits- und Organisationsräume
Authors: Sauerborn Elgen 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Mit der Digitalisierung wandeln sich auch die Räume, in denen Arbeit stattfindet. Diese ist immer weniger an einen bestimmten Ort gebunden, jedoch nicht losgelöst von räumlicher Bedeutsamkeit. Aus diesem Grund wird im vorliegenden Beitrag anhand dreier Dimensionen eine Konzeptionalisierung des digitalen Arbeitsraums vorgeschlagen. Mit Rückbezug auf Grenzziehungen, affektive Relationen und den Informationsraum wird dargelegt, was digitale Arbeitsräume auszeichnet, und Annahmen zur Auflösung räumlicher Bedeutsamkeit werden kritisch hinterfragt. Anhand des Beispiels Crowdworking als eines Prototyps rein digitaler Arbeit wird anschließend erörtert, wie auch digitale Räume wie Plattformen oder Anwendungen als Organisationsräume verstanden werden können. Denn Plattformen übernehmen im Crowdworking die räumliche Funktion von traditionellen Organisationen, was die Notwendigkeit eines breiteren Verständnisses von digitalen Arbeits- und Organisationsräumen hervorruft.
Teilhabe trotz staatlicher Ausgrenzungspolitik
Authors: Huke Nikolai 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Durch den Prozess einer Flucht wird gesellschaftliche Teilhabe erschwert: Netzwerke der sozialen Interaktion gehen verloren, sprachliche Schwierigkeiten und räumliche Isolation erschweren persönliche Kontakte, fehlendes Systemwissen und eingeschränkte Rechte reduzieren die eigenständige Handlungsfähigkeit. Teilhabe muss daher bei Geflüchteten stärker als bei anderen Gruppen der Bevölkerung aktiv hergestellt werden und bedarf - zumindest teilweise - der Unterstützung durch Andere. Inwiefern es Geflüchteten ermöglicht werden soll, an der Gesellschaft teilzuhaben, ist in Deutschland in den vergangenen Jahren politisch stark umkämpft. Der Artikel identifiziert Handlungslogiken in Bezug auf Teilhabe und veranschaulicht diese an drei verschiedenen Beispielen, wobei jeweils ein spezifischer Akteur als Träger in den Vordergrund gestellt wird: Die pragmatisch-präfigurative und im positiven Sinne naive Praxis der Bewegung der Flüchtlingssolidarität, die realistisch-integrationistische Perspektive der Arbeits- und Sozialverwaltungen sowie eine repressive, isolierend-exkludierende Praxis der Innenministerien. Alltäglicher Unterstützungsarbeit von Geflüchteten kommt vor diesem Hintergrund die demokratische Funktion zu, Teilhabe auch gegen staatliche Ausgrenzungspolitik zu ermöglichen.
Intersektionale Konflikte in sozialen Bewegungen
Authors: Lenz Ilse 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht das Wechselverhältnis zwischen intersektionalen Ungleichheiten nach Klasse, ‚Rasse’, Geschlecht oder Begehren und sozialen Bewegungen. Zunächst stellt er verschiedene Varianten von Intersektionalität vor und bringt den Ansatz vonprozessualer Intersektionalitätein. Er schlägt vor, die Teilhabe in sozialen Bewegungen in intersektionaler Sicht alsProzesszu begreifen. Während die Teilhabechancen zu Beginn von ungleichen Positionen beeinflusst sind, bilden Bewegungen dann politische Räume, in denen die unterschiedlichen Akteure um ihre Partizipation darin und deren Symbole und Ziele verhandeln. Diese Prozesse können die Teilhabe verändern, was am Beispiel der Einwanderinnen in der neuen Frauenbewegung konkretisiert wird.
Associations between thyroid-stimulating hormone, blood pressure and adiponectin are attenuated in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity
Authors: Drivsholm Alberte , Lund Morten Asp Vonsild , Hedley Paula L. , Jespersen Thomas , Christiansen Michael , Hansen Torben , Holm Jens-Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and blood pressure is well described in adults, but only studied to a limited extent in children and adolescents and almost entirely in population-based cohorts. The present study investigates the association between TSH and blood pressure, and the influence of leptin and adiponectin, in a cohort of children and adolescents enrolled in obesity treatment compared with a population-based cohort.MethodsWe studied 4154 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years from an obesity clinic cohort and a population-based cohort from The Danish Childhood Obesity Data- and Biobank. Anthropometrics, blood pressure and biochemical markers, including TSH, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, were collected. Adjusted correlation and interaction analyses were performed.ResultsPatients from the obesity clinic cohort exhibited higher concentrations of TSH and higher blood pressure than participants from the population-based cohort. TSH standard deviation scores (SDS) were significantly associated with all blood pressure-related variables in the population-based cohort, but only with systolic blood pressure SDS and hypertension in the obesity clinic cohort. The interaction between TSH SDS and adiponectin was found to be independently associated with systolic blood pressure and hypertension in the population-based cohort only.ConclusionsThe significant associations between TSH, adiponectin and blood pressure, observed in children and adolescents from a population-based cohort, are attenuated or absent in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity, suggesting that childhood obesity distorts the healthy interplay between the thyroid axis, thyroid-adipokine interaction and blood pressure.
Prolonged ventilation and postnatal growth of preterm infants
Authors: Williams Emma , Dassios Theodore , Arnold Kate , Hickey Ann , Greenough Anne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Extremely premature infants often need invasive respiratory support from birth, but have low nutritional reserves and high metabolic demands. Our aim was to determine if there was a relationship between prolonged ventilation and reduced postnatal growth in such infants.

Methods
A retrospective, observational study was undertaken. Data from infants born at less than 28 weeks of gestational age and ventilated for 7 days or more were collected and analysed including gestational age, gender, birth and discharge weight, birth and discharge head circumference, days of invasive mechanical ventilation and use of postnatal corticosteroids. The duration of invasive mechanical ventilation and the differences in weight (ΔWz) and head circumference (ΔHz) z-score from birth to discharge were calculated.

Results
Fifty-five infants were studied with a median [interquartile range (IQR)] gestational age at birth of 25.3 (24.3–26.7) weeks and birth weight of 0.73 (0.65–0.87) kg. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was 45 (33–68) days. Both ΔWz and ΔHz were significantly negatively correlated to the number of invasive mechanical ventilation days (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively), but not to the use of postnatal corticosteroids.

Conclusion
Poor postnatal growth is significantly negatively associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation in extremely prematurely born infants.
Existence, Uniqueness and Stability of Nonlinear Implicit Fractional Dynamical Equation with Impulsive condition on Time Scales
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Malik Muslim 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The main motive of this research article is to establish the existence, uniqueness and stability results for the non-linear fractional differential equation with impulsive condition on time scales. Banach, Leray-Schauder’s alternative type fixed point theorems are used to examine these results. Further, we give the existence and uniqueness of solution for the corresponding non-local problem. Moreover, to outline the utilization of these outcomes some examples are given.
Sonic environment of Singapore Botanic Gardens and benchmarking with various urban gardens of the world
Authors: Lee Heow Pueh , Lim Kian Meng , Garg Saurabh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe urban parks and gardens are usually surrounded by busy streets, commercial buildings and areas of high noise levels due to human activities and heavy traffic. These parks and gardens therefore have a unique function of providing relatively quiet areas to get away from the hustle and bustle of city lives. In this study, the sonic environment of the Singapore Botanic Gardens, which was the first UNESCO Heritage site in Singapore, was measured on various occasions and benchmarked with various urban gardens and parks around the world, namely the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris, Real Jardín Botánico in Madrid. St James’s Park in London, Old Botanical Gardens Hamburg, and Carlton Gardens in Melbourne. The Leq noise level was found to be compatible with the respective Leq noise level of the other urban parks and gardens. The sonic environment of the Singapore Botanic gardens was found to be dominated by cicada sound, human activities and water features. The sound level of various water features such as mini waterfalls and water fountains were also measured and analysed.
Mechanical properties of boron nitride sheet with randomly distributed vacancy defects
Authors: Liang Yingjing , Qin Hongfa , Huang Jianzhang , Huan Sha , Hui David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Defects and temperature effects on the mechanical properties of hexagonal boron nitride sheet (h-BN) containing randomly distributed defects are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations and the reasons of the results are discussed. Results show that defect deteriorate the mechanical performance of BNNS. The mechanical properties are reduced by increasing percentage of vacancy defects including fracture strength, fracture strain and Young’s modulus. Simulations also indicate that the mechanical properties decrease with the temperature increasing. Moreover, defects affect the stable configuration at high temperature. With the percentage of defect increases the nanostructures become more and more unstable. Positions of the defect influent the mechanical properties. The higher the temperature and the percentage of defect are, the stronger the position of the randomly distributed defect affects the mechanical properties. The study provides a theoretical basis for the preparation and performance optimization of BNNSs.
Electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers and Au@AgNPs for antimicrobial activity - A mini review
Authors: Kalwar Kaleemullah , Shen Ming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAu@Ag nanoparticles decorated on cellulose paper could be worthful biomedical applications. Electrospinning technique is broadly employed for fabrication of nano and micro size fibers with a variety of biopolymers adding cellulose acetate nanofibers. Evolutions in cellulose research demonstrate that it is an anticipating material for the biomedical application. Nanofibers acquired by electrospinning technique were utilized in various biomedical applications. In this report, electrospinning of cellulose acetate, the solvent choice for cellulose acetate e-spun nanofabrication and decoration of AgNPs including shape and size for antimicrobial activity are argued.
Orenius / Erennius / Herennius Modestinus in a Lost Manuscript of Isidore: a Reappraisal of the Problem
Authors: Wibier Matthijs 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the ascription of a passage in Isidore’sDifferentiaeto the jurist Modestinus. A collection of philological notes by the humanist scholar Barthius reports the existence of a (now lost) manuscript that credited lemma 1.434 Codoñer to one Orenius, which has ever since usually been emended into Herennius (sc. Modestinus). It is possible to place this witness in the stemma of theDifferentiae.Careful study of Barthius’ reported readings from the manuscript not only indicates that it was peripheral to the tradition, but it also allows us to point out the (skilful) hand of an editor/interpolator, who may have been responsible for the addition of the name Orenius.
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: focus on the transsulfuration pathway
Authors: Berry Thomas , Abohamza Eid , Moustafa Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is a severe form of schizophrenia. The severity of illness is positively related to homocysteine levels, with high homocysteine levels due to the low activity of the transsulfuration pathway, which metabolizes homocysteine in synthesizing L-cysteine. Glutathione levels are low in schizophrenia, which indicates shortages of L-cysteine and low activity of the transsulfuration pathway. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels are low in schizophrenia. H2S is synthesized by cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, which are the two enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway. Iron-sulfur proteins obtain sulfur from L-cysteine. The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway has various iron-sulfur proteins. With low levels of L-cysteine, iron-sulfur cluster formation will be dysregulated leading to deficits in OXPHOS in schizophrenia. Molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) synthesis requires sulfur, which is obtained from L-cysteine. With low levels of MoCo synthesis, molybdenum-dependent sulfite oxidase (SUOX) will not be synthesized at appropriate levels. SUOX detoxifies sulfite from sulfur-containing amino acids. If sulfites are not detoxified, there can be sulfite toxicity. The transsulfuration pathway metabolizes selenomethionine, whereby selenium from selenomethionine can be used for selenoprotein synthesis. The low activity of the transsulfuration pathway decreases selenoprotein synthesis. Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), with various GPXs being selenoprotein, is low in schizophrenia. The dysregulations of selenoproteins would lead to oxidant stress, which would increase the methylation of genes and histones leading to epigenetic changes in TRS. An add-on treatment to mainline antipsychotics is proposed for TRS that targets the dysregulations of the transsulfuration pathway and the dysregulations of other pathways stemming from the transsulfuration pathway being dysregulated.
Serum NOX-2 concentrations and paraoxanase-1 activity in subclinical hypothyroidism: a pilot study
Authors: Duman Gülhan , Doğan Halef Okan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders. Although recent data suggest an imbalanced oxidative status in SH, the mechanisms of increased oxidative stress are poorly figured out. The primary goal of this research was to analyze potential sources of ROS and the relationship between serum NOX-2 levels and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in SH. Serum lipid changes in SH patients which had been determined were compared to healthy control group.

Materials and methods
Thirty-one patients diagnosed with SH and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. The quantitative sandwich ELISA was used for the detection of serum NOX-2 levels. Spectrophotometric method was used to determine serum PON-1 activity.

Results
Higher median serum NOX-2 levels were determined in patients than in the control group (p = 0.004). Lower median serum PON-1 activity was determined in patients as to aforementioned control group (p < 0.0001). As a consequence, no statistically remarkable correlation was identified between PON-1 activity and NOX-2 levels. Triglyceride (TG) concentrations were determined as superior in patients to control group (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Over-production of NOX-2 and decreased PON-1 activity contribute to the increased oxidative stress in SH patients. Larger prospective studies required to confirm these findings.
Preparation and structure of 4-(dimethylamino)thiopivalophenone – intermolecular interactions in the crystal
Authors: Voss Jürgen , Buddensiek Dirk , Adiwidjaja Gunadi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
4-(Dimethylamino)thiopivalophenone was prepared from 4-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline, pivalonitrile and carbon disulfide. Its crystal and molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The experimentally determined bond distances, bond angles and torsion angles are indicative of a significant contribution of a dipolar (“quinodimethane”) resonance structure to the electron distribution in the molecule. Quantum chemical calculations corroborate these results. The calculations, furthermore, provide an explanation of the arrangement of the molecules in the crystal.
Effects of Combined Resistance Plus Aerobic Training on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, Aerobic Capacity, and Renal Function in Kidney Transplantation Subjects
Authors: Lima Paulo S. , de Campos Alexandre S. , de Faria Neto Omar , Ferreira Teresa C.A. , Amorim Carlos E.N. , Stone Whitley J. , Prestes Jonato , Garcia Alessandra M.C. , Urtado Christiano B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Lima, PS, de Campos, AS, de Faria Neto, O, Ferreira, TCA, Amorim, CEN, Stone, WJ, Prestes, J, Garcia, AMC, and Urtado, CB. Effects of combined resistance plus aerobic training on body composition, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and renal function in kidney transplantation subjects. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3243–3250, 2021—Immunosuppression and a sedentary lifestyle may exacerbate complications such as early graft dysfunction and muscle loss, and reduce patient survival after kidney transplantation (KT). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in body composition (BC), muscular strength, aerobic, and renal function in KT subjects submitted to combined resistance plus aerobic training. Twelve KT subjects were randomly assigned into groups: (G1) 12 weeks of combined training (3 males and 4 females, 54 ± 3 years); or (G2) nonexercise control (5 females, 43 ± 18 years). The subjects were evaluated for BC (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), estimated V̇o
2peak, right-hand maximal grip strength (RHMGS) and left-hand maximal grip strength (LHMGS), and renal function. Post-training revealed that G1 reduced body fat percentage (p = 0.046), uric acid (Δ = −0.87; p = 0.023), urea (Δ = −9.43; p = 0.032), and creatinine (Δ = −0.15; p = 0.045), increased fat-free mass, estimated V̇o
2peak, RHMGS, LHMGS (p < 0.05), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Δ = 11.64; p = 0.017). G2 increased urea (Δ = 8.20; p = 0.017), creatinine (Δ = 0.37; p = 0.028), and decreased eGFR (Δ = −16.10; p = 0.038). After 12 weeks, urea (Δ = 24.94; p = 0.013), uric acid (Δ = 1.64; p = 0.044), and creatinine (Δ = 0.9; p = 0.011) were lower, whereas eGFR (Δ = 36.51; p = 0.009) was higher in G1. These data indicate that combined training instigates positive changes in BC, muscular strength, aerobic capacity, and renal function after KT.
Voluntary Muscle Relaxation Can Mitigate Fatigue and Improve Countermovement Jump Performance
Authors: Pinto Brendan L. , McGill Stuart M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pinto, BL and McGill, SM. Voluntary muscle relaxation can mitigate fatigue and improve countermovement jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1525–1529, 2020—When muscles contract, they create force and stiffness. Thus, muscle activation and relaxation must be strategically sequenced to coordinate and control movement, to enhance athletic variables such as speed and strength. However, research has favored investigation of muscle activation over relaxation. Athletes such as runners, swimmers, and boxers often shake their limbs to allow the muscle to oscillate freely, immediately before a bout. The purpose was to investigate whether shaking the lower limbs with the intention to voluntarily relax the muscles of the limb has an effect on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Subjects performed 10 maximal effort CMJs with 30 seconds of rest between each jump. During the rest period, they either performed the relaxation technique or control condition (standing still). Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Subjects significantly improved jump height, compared with their first jump of the day, when performing the relaxation technique. To further investigate the mechanism of enhancement, subjects were grouped into responders and nonresponders. The responder group significantly decreased their jump height and concentric phase impulse (relative to the first jump) during the control condition compared with the nonresponder group, indicating fatigue. When performing the relaxation technique, the responder group improved their jump height and mitigated fatigue by significantly increasing their unweighting impulse and unweighting force. The relaxation technique improved CMJ performance, specifically in those that fatigue with consecutive bouts, by enhancing unweighting, that requires muscle relaxation, rather than propulsion that requires activation. This technique can be useful for training or competition.