bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return To Sporting Activity After Total Hip Arthroplasty - An Irish Experience
Authors: Patrick Moloney Darren , Vukanic Danilo , Kearney Ronan , Grant-Freemantle Marc C , Quinlan John F 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is traditionally an operation of the elderly. In the past few decades we have seen younger patient cohorts undergoing THA and increased activity levels in elderly cohorts. Guidelines have not been developed on return to sporting activity after THA. At present return to sport is dictated by surgeon preference and advice. The aim of this paper is to assess attitudes and practices toward return to sport after THA in Irish surgeons performing a minimum of forty total hip replacements per annum.DesignWeb-based survey, level of evidence 5MethodsCurrent practices in the Irish orthopaedic community were assessed through a web-based survey. The questionnaire was issued via the Royal College of Surgeons Ireland to consultants involved with higher specialist training. Of 90 consultants surveyed, 35 responded. 8 respondents did not perform greater than forty THA operations per annum and thus were excluded from the later part of the survey.ResultsThe majority of respondents (61.54%) would use an uncemented design for a patient planning on returning to sport. 26.92% would use a hybrid design. 3.85% would opt for a resurfacing arthroplasty. The majority of surgeons (73.08%) would use an uncemented femoral implant. 92.81% would use a ceramic on polyethylene bearing surface. 57.69% of surgeons would perform a posterolateral approach and 30.77% would opt for a anterolateral approach. All respondents would allow patients to return to low impact sports such as golf, swimming and walking following THA. Significantly more variance was seen across surgeons when considering a return to medium impact and high impact sports.Summary/ConclusionThis survey has shown that there is still a lack of consensus on return to sport after THA. This survey of some of the most eminent arthroplasty surgeons practicing in Ireland will hopefully allow for consolidation of guidelines on return to sport after THA.
COVID-19 data analysis and modeling in Palestine
Authors: Abdeljaoued-Tej Ines 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe estimate an actual number of infected cases in Palestine based on the 18-day effect from infection to death. We find that the number of cases in April 22 varies between 506 and 2 026 infected cases. We also focus on the reproductive number in Palestine based on population dynamics with two SEIR models. Dataset is from 5 March to 22 April 2020. With a transmission rate equal to 4.55 10−6, on May 22, the simulations predict 11 014 total infected cases in the optimistic scenario and 113 171 in the worst one. The crest of the pandemic is from 22 to 27 May 2020. The reproductive number ℛ0 is equal to 1.54 for a fixed fraction of 0.6 of symptomatic cases that are reported and for a removal rate of 7. Palestinian COVID-19 mortality number is equal to 6 per million. It is small compared to countries neighboring Palestine. The infected number is equal to 88.4 per million, which is less than most of its neighbors. The basic reproduction number is still greater than 1. Changes to the transmission rate (over time) would be advisable, to fall ℛ0 below the critical threshold.
The reproductive index from SEIR model of Covid-19 epidemic in Asean
Authors: Udomsamuthirun Pongkeaw , Chanilkul Grittichon , Tongkhonburi Pongkarn , Meesubthong Chatcharawan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs we calculate analytic to link the coefficient of third-order polynomial equations from raw data of an Asean to the SEIR model. The Reproductive index depending on the average incubation period and the average infection period and the coefficient polynomial equations fitted from raw are derived. We also consider the difference of the average incubation period as 5 days and 3 days with the average infection period as 10 day of an Asean. We find that the value of R0 are Indonesia (7.97), Singapore (6.22), Malaysia (3.86), Thailand (2.48), respectively. And we also find that Singapore has 2 values of R0 as 1.54 (16 Feb to 37 March) and 6.22 (31 March-4 April).The peak of infection rate are not found for Singapore and Indonesia at the time of consideration. The model of external stimulus is added into raw data of Singapore and Indonesia to find the maximum rate of infection. We find that Singapore need more magnitude of external stimulus than Indonesia. And the external stimulus for 14 days can stimulate to occur the peak of infected daily case of both country.
Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acid ratios are related to both Depressive and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Young Adults
Authors: Müller Bettina , Rasmusson Annica J. , Just David , Jayarathna Shishanthi , Moazzami Ali , Novicic Zorana Kurbalija , Cunningham Janet L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveShort chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microbiota and may reflect health. Gut symptoms are common in individuals with depressive disorders and recent data indicates relationships between gut microbiota and psychiatric health. We aimed to investigate potential associations between SCFAs and self-reported depressive and gut symptoms in young adults.MethodFecal samples from 164 individuals, of which 125 were patients with psychiatric disorders, were analyzed for the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, butyrate and propionate by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We then compared SCFA ratios to dimensional measures of self-reported depressive and gut symptoms.ResultsDepressive symptoms showed a positive association to acetate levels and negative associations to both butyrate and propionate levels in relation to total SCFA levels. Furthermore, symptoms of diarrhea and bloating showed positive associations to acetate and negative associations to propionate in relation to total SCFA levels. Cluster analysis revealed a heterogeneous pattern where shifts in SCFA ratios were seen for individuals with either elevated levels of depressive symptoms, elevated levels of gut symptoms or both.ConclusionShifts in SCFAs may have relevance for both depressive symptoms and gut symptoms in young adults.
Reacting to outbreaks at neighboring localities
Authors: Eksin Ceyhun , Ndeffo-Mbah Martial , Weitz Joshua S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study the dynamics of epidemics in a networked metapopulation model. In each subpopulation, representing a locality, the disease propagates according to a modified susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) dynamics. In the modified SEIR dynamics, individuals reduce their number of contacts as a function of the weighted sum of cumulative number of cases within the locality and in neighboring localities. We consider a scenario with two localities where disease originates in one locality and is exported to the neighboring locality via travel of exposed (latently infected) individuals. We establish a lower bound on the outbreak size at the origin as a function of the speed of spread. Using the lower bound on the outbreak size at the origin, we establish an upper bound on the outbreak size at the importing locality as a function of the speed of spread and the level of preparedness for the low mobility regime. We evaluate the critical levels of preparedness that stop the disease from spreading at the importing locality. Finally, we show how the benefit of preparedness diminishes under high mobility rates. Our results highlight the importance of preparedness at localities where cases are beginning to rise such that localities can help stop local outbreaks when they respond to the severity of outbreaks in neighboring localities.
Detection and Recognition of Ultrasound Breast Nodules Based on Semi-supervised deep learning
Authors: Gao Yanhua , Liu Bo , Zhu Yuan , Chen Lin , Tan Miao , Xiao Xiaozhou , Guo Youmin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe successful application of deep learning in medical images requires a large amount of annotation data for supervised training. However, massive labeling of medical data is expensive and time consuming. This paper proposes a semi-supervised deep learning method for the detection and classification of benign and malignant breast nodules in ultrasound images, which include two phases.MethodsThe nodule position in the ultrasound image is firstly detected using the faster RCNN network. Second, the recognition network is used to identify the benign and malignant types of nodules. The method in this paper uses a semi-supervised learning strategy, using 800 labeled nodules and 4396 unlabeled nodules.ResultsBased on mean teacher training strategy, the proposed semi-supervised network has obtained excellent results, which is similar to currently used with supervised training networks. On the two test data sets, the AUC of semi-supervised learning and supervised learning were: 93.7% vs 94.2% and 92% vs 92.3%.ConclusionsThe paper proves that semi-supervised learning strategies have good application potential in medical images. Based on a special learning strategy, the result of semi-supervised learning is expected to achieve close or even achieve similar result of supervised deep learning, which only need a small number of labeled samples and a large number of unlabeled samples. It means deep learning analysis of breast lesion will be more feasible and more efficient.
Cell-free DNA Profiling Informs Major Complications of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Cheng Alexandre Pellan , Cheng Matthew Pellan , Loy Conor James , Lenz Joan Sesing , Chen Kaiwen , Smalling Sami , Burnham Philip , Timblin Kaitlyn Marie , Orejas José Luis , Silverman Emily , Polak Paz , Marty Francisco M. , Ritz Jerome , De Vlaminck Iwijn 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) provides effective treatment for hematologic malignancies and immune disorders. Monitoring of post-transplant complications is critical, yet current diagnostic options are limited. Here, we show that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood is a highly versatile analyte for monitoring of the most important complications that occur after HCT: graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a frequent immune complication of HCT; infection; relapse of underlying disease; and graft failure. We demonstrate that these different therapeutic complications can be informed from a single assay, low-coverage bisulfite sequencing of cfDNA, followed by disease-specific bioinformatic analyses. To inform GVHD, we profile cfDNA methylation marks to trace the cfDNA tissues-of-origin and to quantify tissue-specific injury. To inform on infections, we implement metagenomic cfDNA profiling. To inform cancer relapse, we implement analyses of tumor-specific genomic aberrations. Finally, to detect graft failure we quantify the proportion of donor and recipient specific cfDNA. We applied this assay to 170 plasma samples collected from 27 HCT recipients at predetermined time points before and after allogeneic HCT. We found that the abundance of solid-organ derived cfDNA in the blood at one-month after HCT is an early predictor of acute graft-versus-host disease (area under the curve, 0.88). Metagenomic profiling of cfDNA revealed the frequent occurrence of viral reactivation in this patient population. The fraction of donor specific cfDNA was indicative of cell chimerism, relapse and remission, and the fraction of tumor specific cfDNA was informative of cancer relapse. This proof-of-principle study shows that cfDNA has the potential to improve the care of allogeneic HCT recipients by enabling earlier detection and better prediction of the complex array of complications that occur after HCT.
Mathematical Analysis of a COVID-19 Epidemic Model by using Data Driven Epidemiological Parameters of Diseases Spread in India
Authors: Pal D. , Ghosh D. , Santra P.K. , Mahapatra G.S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper attempts to describe the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) via an epidemic model. This virus has dissimilar effects in different countries. The number of new active coronavirus cases is increasing gradually across the globe. India is now in the second stage of COVID-19 spreading, it will be an epidemic very quickly if proper protection is not undertaken based on the database of the transmission of the disease. This paper is using the current data of COVID-19 for the mathematical modeling and its dynamical analysis. We bring in a new representation to appraise and manage the outbreak of infectious disease COVID-19 through SEQIR pandemic model, which is based on the supposition that the infected but undetected by testing individuals are send to quarantine during the incubation period. During the incubation period if any individual be infected by COVID-19, then that confirmed infected individuals are isolated and the necessary treatments are arranged so that they cannot taint the other residents in the community. Dynamics of the SEQIR model is presented by basic reproduction number Ro and the comprehensive stability analysis. Numerical results are depicted through apt graphical appearances using the data of five states and India.
A fractional-order SEIHDR model for COVID-19 with inter-city networked coupling effects
Authors: Lu Zhenzhen , Yu Yongguang , Chen YangQuan , Ren Guojian , Xu Conghui , Wang Shuhui , Yin Zhe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel coronavirus, designated as COVID-19, emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed to analyze the dynamic behavior of COVID-19. Based on inter-city networked coupling effects, a fractional-order SEIHDR system with the real-data from 23 January to 18 March, 2020 of COVID19 is discussed. Meanwhile, hospitalized individuals and the mortality rates of three types of individuals (exposed, infected and hospitalized) are firstly taken into account in the proposed model. And infectivity of individuals during incubation is also considered in this paper. By applying least squares method and predictor-correctors scheme, the numerical solutions of the proposed system in the absence of the inter-city network and with the inter-city network are stimulated by using the real-data from 23 January to 18 −mMarch, 2020 wheremis equal to the number of prediction days. Compared with integer-order system (α= 0), the fractional-order model without network is validated to have a better fitting of the data on Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Huanggang and other cities. In contrast to the case without network, the results indicate that the inter-city network system may be not a significant case to virus spreading for China because of the lock down and quarantine measures, however, it may have an impact on cities that have not adopted city closure. Meanwhile, the proposed model better fits the data from 24 February to 31, March in Italy, and the peak number of confirmed people is also predicted by this fraction-order model. Furthermore, the existence and uniqueness of a bounded solution under the initial condition are considered in the proposed system. Afterwards, the basic reproduction numberR0is analyzed and it is found to hold a threshold: the disease-free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable whenR0≤ 1, which provides a theoretical basis for whether COVID-19 will become a pandemic in the future.
Volatile allosteric antagonists of mosquito odorant receptors inhibit normal odor-dependent behaviors
Authors: Kythreoti Georgia , Sdralia Nadia , Tsitoura Panagiota , Papachristos Dimitrios P. , Michaelakis Antonios , Karras Vasileios , Ruel David M. , Yakir Esther , Bohbot Jonathan D. , Schulz Stefan , Iatrou Kostas 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTOdorant-dependent behaviors in insects are triggered by the binding of odorant ligands to the variable subunits of heteromeric olfactory receptors. Previous studies have shown, however, that specific odor binding to ORco, the common subunit of odorant receptor heteromers, may alter allosterically olfactory receptor function and affect profoundly subsequent behavioral responses. Here we report on the identification of several antagonists of the odorant receptor co-receptor of the African malaria vectorAnopheles gambiae, AgamORco, in a small collection of natural volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a relevant insect cell-based screening platform. Because some of the identified antagonists were previously shown to strongly repelAnophelesandCulexmosquitoes, here we examined the bioactivities of the identified antagonists againstAedes, the third major genus of the Culicidae family. The tested antagonists were found to inhibit the function ofAe. aegyptiORcoex vivoand repel Asian tiger,Ae. albopictus, adult mosquitoes. Specific antagonist binary mixtures elicited higher repellency than single antagonists. Binding competition assays suggested antagonist binding to distinct ORco sites as a likely cause for the enhanced repellence of the blends. These findings demonstrate that a simple screening assay may be used for the identification of allosteric modifiers of olfactory-driven behaviors capable of providing enhanced indoor and outdoor protection against multiple mosquito borne infectious diseases.
Integrated analysis of bulk multi omic and single-cell sequencing data confirms the molecular origin of hemodynamic changes in Covid-19 infection explaining coagulopathy and higher geriatric mortality
Authors: Johri Shreya , Jain Deepali , Gupta Ishaan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBesides severe respiratory distress, recent reports in Covid-19 patients have found a strong association between platelet counts and patient survival. Along with hemodynamic changes such as prolonged clotting time, high fibrin degradation products and D-dimers, increased levels of monocytes with disturbed morphology have also been identified. In this study, through an integrated analysis of bulk RNA-sequencing data from Covid-19 patients with data from single-cell sequencing studies on lung tissues, we found that most of the cell-types that contributed to the altered gene expression were of hematopoietic origin. We also found that differentially expressed genes in Covid-19 patients formed a significant pool of the expressing genes in phagocytic cells such as Monocytes and platelets. Interestingly, while we observed a general enrichment for Monocytes in Covid-19 patients, we found that the signal for FCGRA3+ Monocytes was depleted. Further, we found evidence that age-associated gene expression changes in Monocytes and platelets, associated with inflammation, mirror gene expression changes in Covid-19 patients suggesting that pro-inflammatory signalling during aging may worsen the infection in older patients. We identified more than 20 genes that change in the same direction between Covid-19 infection and aging cells that may act as potential therapeutic targets. Of particular interest were IL2RG, GNLY and GMZA expressed in platelets, which facilitates cytokine signalling in Monocytes through an interaction with platelets. To understand whether infection can directly manipulate the biology of Monocytes and platelets, we hypothesize that these non-ACE2 expressing cells may be infected by the virus through the phagocytic route. We observed that phagocytic cells such as Monocytes, T-cells, and platelets have a significantly higher expression of genes that are a part of the Covid-19 viral interactome. Hence these cell-types may have an active rather than a reactive role in viral pathogenesis to manifest clinical symptoms such as coagulopathy. Therefore, our results present molecular evidence for pursuing both anti-inflammatory and anticoagulation therapy for better patient management especially in older patients.
Biomarkers to distinguish bacterial from viral pediatric clinical pneumonia in a malaria endemic setting
Authors: Gillette Michael A. , Mani D. R. , Uschnig Christopher , Pellé Karell G. , Madrid Lola , Acácio Sozinho , Lanaspa Miguel , Alonso Pedro , Valim Clarissa , Carr Steven A. , Schaffner Stephen F. , MacInnis Bronwyn , Milner Danny A. , Bassat Quique , Wirth Dyann F. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDDifferentiating the etiology of acute febrile respiratory illness in children is a challenge in low-income, malaria-endemic settings because the main pathogens responsible (viruses, bacteria, and malaria parasites) overlap in clinical presentation and frequently occur together as mixed infections. The critical task is to rapidly identify bacterial pneumonia to enable appropriate antibiotic treatment, ideally at point of care. Current diagnostic tests are insufficient and there is a need for the discovery and development of new tools. Here we report the identification of a unique biomarker signature that can be identified in blood samples.METHODSBlood samples from 195 pediatric Mozambican patients with clinical pneumonia were analyzed with an aptamer-based high dynamic range assay to quantify ∼1200 proteins. For discovery of new biomarkers, we identified a training set of patient samples in which the underlying etiology of the pneumonia was established as bacterial, viral or malaria. Proteins whose abundances varied significantly between patients with verified etiologies (FDR<0.01) formed the basis for predictive diagnostic models that were created using machine learning techniques (Random Forest, Elastic Net). These models were validated on a dedicated test set of samples.RESULTS219 proteins had significantly different abundances between bacterial and viral infections, and 151 differed between bacterial infections and a mixed pool of viral and malaria infections. Predictive diagnostic models achieved >90% sensitivity and >80% specificity, regardless of whether one or two pathogen classes were present. Bacterial pneumonia was strongly associated with markers of neutrophil activity, in particular neutrophil degranulation. Degranulation markers included HP, LCN2, LTF, MPO, MMP8, PGLYRP1, RETN, SERPINA1, S100A9, and SLPI.CONCLUSIONBlood protein signatures highly associated with neutrophil biology reliably differentiated bacterial pneumonia from other causes. With appropriate technology, these markers could provide the basis for a rapid diagnostic for field-based triage for antibiotic treatment of pediatric pneumonia.
Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia) Supplementation Has no Effect on Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in Mice
Authors: Mohammadmoradi Shayan , Howatt Deborah A. , Lu Hong S. , Daugherty Alan , Saha Sibu P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMomordica Charantia,commonly known as bitter melon, has been reported to ameliorate diet-induced obesity and dyslipidemia. However, the effects ofM. Charantiaon atherosclerosis have not been determined. This study investigated the effects ofM. Charantiaon diet-induced atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient mice. Female mice (6-8 weeks old) were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet. In group 1, mice were fed this diet alone, while mice in groups 2 and 3 were fed the diet supplemented withM. Charantiaeither 0.1% or 1% by weight, for 12 weeks. No significant differences in body weights were observed among the 3 groups. There were also no significant differences in plasma cholesterol concentrations among the 3 groups. To determine the effects on atherosclerosis, lesion areas were measured on aortic intima by anen facetechnique. Neither dose ofM. Charantiasupplementation changed atherosclerosis development.