bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Juvenile case with the coexistence of maturity‐onset diabetes of the young 1 and later‐onset latent autoimmune diabetes in youth
Authors: Yoshida Kei , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Mine Yusuke , Kuwabara Remi , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present the case of a 12‐year‐old Japanese girl, who was positive for markers of both maturity‐onset diabetes of the young and latent autoimmune diabetes in youth. She was initially diagnosed with maturity‐onset diabetes of the young 1 based on the molecular analysis, and she later developed an autoimmune response, leading to β‐cell‐associated antibody‐positive diabetes. She was treated with incretin‐associated drugs and maintained adequate glycemic control. Pathophysiologically, there was an overlap between the two different types of diabetes, because the hyperglycemia and β‐cell stress seen in non‐autoimmune diabetes can cause β‐cell autoimmunity over time.
Egg‐size plasticity in Apis mellifera: Honey bee queens alter egg size in response to both genetic and environmental factors
Authors: Amiri Esmaeil , Le Kevin , Melendez Carlos Vega , Strand Micheline K. , Tarpy David R. , Rueppell Olav 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSocial evolution has led to distinct life‐history patterns in social insects, but many colony‐level and individual traits, such as egg size, are not sufficiently understood. Thus, a series of experiments was performed to study the effects of genotypes, colony size and colony nutrition on variation in egg size produced by honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens. Queens from different genetic stocks produced significantly different egg sizes under similar environmental conditions, indicating standing genetic variation for egg size that allows for adaptive evolutionary change. Further investigations revealed that eggs produced by queens in large colonies were consistently smaller than eggs produced in small colonies, and queens dynamically adjusted egg size in relation to colony size. Similarly, queens increased egg size in response to food deprivation. These results could not be solely explained by different numbers of eggs produced in the different circumstances but instead seem to reflect an active adjustment of resource allocation by the queen in response to colony conditions. As a result, larger eggs experienced higher subsequent survival than smaller eggs, suggesting that honey bee queens might increase egg size under unfavourable conditions to enhance brood survival and to minimize costly brood care of eggs that fail to successfully develop, and thus conserve energy at the colony level. The extensive plasticity and genetic variation of egg size in honey bees has important implications for understanding life‐history evolution in a social context and implies this neglected life‐history stage in honey bees may have trans‐generational effects.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for taxonomic entomology: A brief review
Authors: Johnson Joel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor over two decades, near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied to a wide spectrum of problems in the field of insect taxonomy. It provides a rapid, non‐destructive and relatively cheap method of metabolomic profiling, which can often be used to discriminate closely related species in the same genus. Furthermore, very little training or entomological knowledge is required to operate the instrument. However, a taxonomist is still required to ensure accurate identification of samples used for NIRS model creation and validation. To date, most research has focused on species of economic or epidemiological importance, such as mosquitoes, flies or stored product pests. However, an increasing number of studies are applying NIRS for entomological research with a purely “academic” purpose. As research continues in this field, NIRS has the potential to become more widely accepted in entomology, allowing for the rapid metabolomic profiling of thousands of species.
Partial characterization and in vitro evaluation of a lytic bacteriophage for biocontrol of Campylobacter jejuni in mutton and chicken meat
Authors: Thung Tze Young , Lee Epeng , Mahyudin Nor Ainy , Wan Mohamed Radzi Che Wan Jasimah , Mazlan Nurzafirah , Tan Chia Wanq , Radu Son 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen causing acute bacterial enteritis worldwide. Screening of novel bacteriophages as biocontrol tools to eliminate C. jejuni in food during pre‐ and postharvest is an emerging research field. In this study, we partially characterized C. jejuni bacteriophage CJ01 for potential use as biocontrol agent. Transmission electron microscopy revealed bacteriophage CJ01 belonged to the Myoviridae family with a genome size of approximately 136 kb. The results of host range assay revealed CJ01 was able to infect C. jejuni and C. lari strains, with burst size about 35 phages per infected cell and latent period of 30 min. The effectiveness of bacteriophage CJ01 (with 100 multiplicity of infection = 100) was determined in mutton and chicken meat artificially contaminated with C. jejuni. The amount of C. jejuni in treated mutton and chicken meat were significantly reduced by 1.70 log CFU/g and 1.68 log CFU/g, respectively, after 48 hr stored at refrigeration temperature (4°C). The data presented here suggest that bacteriophage CJ01 can be used as a postharvest biocontrol agent.
Phototropin‐ and photosynthesis‐dependent mitochondrial positioning in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll cells
Authors: Islam Md Sayeedul , Van Nguyen Toan , Sakamoto Wataru , Takagi Shingo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMitochondria are frequently observed in the vicinity of chloroplasts in photosynthesizing cells, and this association is considered necessary for their metabolic interactions. We previously reported that, in leaf palisade cells of Arabidopsis thaliana, mitochondria exhibit blue‐light‐dependent redistribution together with chloroplasts, which conduct accumulation and avoidance responses under the control of blue‐light receptor phototropins. In this study, precise motility analyses by fluorescent microscopy revealed that the individual mitochondria in palisade cells, labeled with green fluorescent protein, exhibit typical stop‐and‐go movement. When exposed to blue light, the velocity of moving mitochondria increased in 30 min, whereas after 4 h, the frequency of stoppage of mitochondrial movement markedly increased. Using different mutant plants, we concluded that the presence of both phototropin1 and phototropin2 is necessary for the early acceleration of mitochondrial movement. On the contrary, the late enhancement of stoppage of mitochondrial movement occurs only in the presence of phototropin2 and only when intact photosynthesis takes place. A plasma‐membrane ghost assay suggested that the stopped mitochondria are firmly adhered to chloroplasts. These results indicate that the physical interaction between mitochondria and chloroplasts is cooperatively mediated by phototropin2‐ and photosynthesis‐dependent signals. The present study might add novel regulatory mechanism for light‐dependent plant organelle interactions.
Combined genome‐wide association study and transcriptome analysis reveal candidate genes for resistance to Fusarium ear rot in maize
Authors: Yao Lishan , Li Yanmei , Ma Chuanyu , Tong Lixiu , Du Feili , Xu Mingliang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFusarium ear rot, caused by Fusarium verticillioides, is a devastating fungal disease in maize that reduces yield and quality; moreover, F. verticillioides produces fumonisin mycotoxins, which pose serious threats to human and animal health. Here, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) under three environmental conditions and identified 34 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly associated with Fusarium ear rot resistance. With reference to the maize B73 genome, 69 genes that overlapped with or were adjacent to the significant SNPs were identified as potential resistance genes to Fusarium ear rot. Comparing transcriptomes of the most resistant and most susceptible lines during the very early response to Fusarium ear rot, we detected many differentially expressed genes enriched for pathways related to plant immune responses, such as plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and cytochrome P450 metabolism. More than one‐fourth of the potential resistance genes detected in the GWAS were differentially expressed in the transcriptome analysis, which allowed us to predict numbers of candidate genes for maize resistance to ear rot, including genes related to plant hormones, a MAP kinase, a PR5‐like receptor kinase, and heat shock proteins. We propose that maize plants initiate early immune responses to Fusarium ear rot mainly by regulating the growth‐defense balance and promoting biosynthesis of defense compounds.
Management of bleeding irregularities among etonogestrel implant users: Is combined oral contraceptives pills or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs the better option?
Authors: Upawi Siti N. , Ahmad Mohd F. , Abu Muhammad A. , Ahmad Shuhaila 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThis study is to evaluate whether unacceptable bleeding among the etonogestrel implant user could be better alleviated using combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) or nonsteroidal anti‐inflammation drugs (NSAID).MethodsThis is a prospective randomized study for evaluation of 84 etonogestrel implant (Implanon) users with prolonged or frequent bleeding. They were assigned to either receiving a COCP containing 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol/150 mg desogestrel for two continuous cycle or NSAID; mefenamic acid 500 mg TDS for 5 days, 21 days apart for two cycles. Bleeding pattern during the treatment was recorded and analyzed.ResultsA total of 32 women (76.2%) in COCP group and 15 women (35.7%) in NSAID group stop bleeding within 7 days after the initiation of treatment which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean duration of bleeding and spotting days in women treated with COCP was significantly lesser compared to NSAID group (7.29 ± 3.16 vs 10.57 ± 4.14 days (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe conclude that COCP is more efficient compared to NSAID in managing bleeding irregularities among etonogestrel implant users.
Relationship between thin physique at 6 years and metabolic disease risks in middle‐aged Japanese women: The Suita study
Authors: Katsuragi Shinji , Okamura Tomonori , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Watanabe Makoto , Higashiyama Aya , Ikeda Tomoaki , Miyamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimWe previously reported that female babies born small developed cardiovascular risks in middle age. The present study was conducted using the same cohort to examine the relationship between physique at 6 years and the metabolic disease risk in middle age.MethodsData collected from 721 women aged 41–69 years who underwent a medical examination at a single institution between 2007 and 2008 were retrospectively examined. We collected data from medical examinations and a questionnaire on physique (thin, normal, and fat) at 6 years. The relationship between birthweight and physique at 6 years was investigated.ResultsAmong females who were born small (< 2500 g), 80%, 16%, and 4% became thin, normal, or fat, respectively, by 6 years. Physique at 6 years had a negative relationship with future triglyceride, fasting glucose, HbA1C, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) levels and a positive relationship with high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.ConclusionAlthough our findings may be specific to the study population, physique at 6 years had a negative relationship with the metabolic disease risk in middle‐aged Japanese women. Insulin and MOMA‐IR levels negatively correlated with physique at 6 years, and development from low birthweight infants to childhood obesity was rare in this cohort.
Atlantoaxial bands in small breed dogs: influence of external pressure by the endotracheal tube tie
Authors: Kim Y. J. , Lee S. , Jung J. , Jung H. , In S. , Chang J. , Chang D. , Fahie M. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of dorsal cervical spinal compression in a population of dogs susceptible to caudal occipital dysplasia. To determine whether endotracheal tube ties iatrogenically alter the dorsal compression ratio in the atlantoaxial region.Materials and MethodsProspective, randomised, controlled, cross‐over, blinded cohort study of dogs weighing <15 kg and presenting for neurologic signs localised to the cervical region. In mid‐sagittal T2‐weighted MR images, dorsal cervical compression and cerebellar compression were evaluated. Dorsal cervical compression ratios were calculated and compared to determine the effect of the endotracheal tube tie on the atlantoaxial region depending on whether dogs were in extended or flexed neck position.ResultsPrevalence of dorsal cervical spinal compression consistent with an atlantoaxial band was 32/44 (73%) dogs without tie pressure and 37/44 (84%) dogs with tie pressure. Significantly higher compression ratios were found with tie placement over the craniocervical region. Dorsal compression ratios of dogs with cerebellar compression were significantly greater than those without it.Clinical SignificanceThe location of the endotracheal tube tie can influence interpretation of MR images of the craniocervical region of small breed dogs. These breeds more often had greater dorsal cervical spinal compression with tie pressure, especially when they had cerebellar compression.
Long‐term hormone replacement treatment in a horse with central diabetes insipidus
Authors: Durie Inge , van Galen Gaby 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis case report describes the clinical presentation, and the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of a 4‐year‐old gelding presented with severe polyuria and polydipsia. The horse was diagnosed with central diabetes insipidus. After diagnosis, different therapeutic regimens with intraocular desmopressin acetate (Minirin, Ferring GmbH, Kiel, Germany) (a synthetic arginine vasopressin analog) were tested, but without success. Only the subcutaneous injection of desmopressin acetate (Minirin, Ferring GmbH) led to an increase in urine specific gravity and a decrease in water intake and urine output. Daily subcutaneous treatment with desmopressin acetate (Minirin, Ferring GmbH) was initiated and maintained for at least 5 years. The horse did not develop adverse effects or re‐occurrence of the initial complaints. This case report describes successful long‐term treatment of central diabetes insipidus in a horse.
Enhancing citizenship through nursing care in Brazil: Patients' struggle against austerity policies
Authors: da Silva Rodrigo Nogueira , Ferreira Márcia de Assunção 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInterpersonal relations play a critical role in both the conception and dynamics of Brazilian citizenship. Under the influence of neoliberalism, patients must build strategies to access high‐quality health care services. This study aimed to analyze the role of interpersonal relations involved in the access to and delivery of health care services in Brazil amid the influence of austerity policies and the role of nurses in enhancing citizenship through nursing care. Thirty‐one patients in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, participated in qualitative interviews. A lexical analysis was conducted to analyze the interview data using Alceste® software, version 2012. The results were interpreted in light of both theoretical constructs of the Brazilian citizenship and biological subcitizenship propositions. Two lexical classes revealed contents about strategies used by patients to access high‐quality health care. In the context of budget cuts due to austerity policies, cultural aspects of Brazilian citizenship have influenced access to high‐quality health care services by creating two distinct conditions. Some patients acted as super‐citizens, while others acted as subcitizens. Nurses across the globe must spearhead the struggle for universal and equitable health care access at all levels, without losing sight of wider sociocultural aspects.
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Prior Femoral and Tibial Fractures: Outcomes and Risk Factors for Surgical Site Complications and Reoperations
Authors: Wang Xing‐shan , Zhou Yi‐xin , Shao Hong‐yi , Yang De‐jin , Huang Yong , Duan Fang‐fang 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with a prior femoral or tibial fracture, and identify the risk factors for surgical site complications and reoperations.MethodsSeventy‐one TKAs performed in 71 patients with a prior tibial or femoral fracture between January 2005 and December 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Forty males (40 knees) and 31 females (31 knees) were included. The mean age at the time of TKA was 59.2 (range, 29–83) years. Outcomes were assessed using the Knee Society score before surgery and at the final follow‐up visit. The patients' satisfaction rates were evaluated. Complications and reoperations were recorded by clinical and radiographic assessment. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for surgical site complications and reoperations.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 4.7 (range, 3.2–7.1) years. The median knee range of motion increased from 90° preoperatively to 110° at the latest follow‐up. The Knee Society knee score and function score improved from 35 (30, 40) and 40 (30, 50) to 90 (82, 93) and 90 (65, 100), respectively. The degree of overall satisfaction after TKA surgery was very satisfied in 41 patients, satisfied in 20 patients, neutral in four patients, dissatisfied in four patients, and very dissatisfied in two patients. The overall satisfaction (very satisfied and satisfied) rate was 85.9% (61 knees). Twelve knees (16.9%) had 19 surgical site complications. Six knees (8.3%) underwent reoperations, including one revision due to periprosthetic joint infection, one debridement and implant retention for superficial infection, two debridements for delayed wound healing, one open reduction and internal fixation for supracondylar fracture, and one re‐fixation and bone grafting for hardware failure after a combined femoral shaft osteotomy and TKA. Preoperative patella baja was diagnosed in 12 knees, and was identified as a risk factor for surgical site complications and reoperations.ConclusionsTKA for post‐fracture osteoarthritis significantly relieved pain and improved function, but the incidence of surgical site complications and reoperations was high. Preoperative patella baja was a risk factor for surgical site complications and reoperations.
Keeping a watchful eye in times of turmoil? How repeated structural reform leads to more attention to political signals
Authors: Wynen Jan , Kleizen Bjorn , Verhoest Koen , Lægreid Per , Rolland Vidar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn important rationale for the creation of semi‐autonomous agencies is to create some distance between politics and administration. As such, agencies are expected to shield policy implementation from the daily concerns of political life. However, political actors and politically controlled ministries still influence agencies in various intended and unintended ways. This article focuses on intensive long‐term series of structural reforms and how they may undermine the original design philosophy underpinning agencification. We utilize a dataset combining staff surveys and a structural reform database to perform multilevel analyses of employees nested in organizations. We find that the frequency with which agencies have experienced structural reform affects the weight that employees attach to signals from political and ministerial principals. Frequent structural reform may lead to heightened perceptions of the importance of political signals. Hence, frequent structural reforms may increase the risk of political influence on agencies that were designed to operate impartially.
Experimental investigation of insect deposition in lentic environments and implications for formation of Konservat Lagerstätten
Authors: Tian Qingyi , Wang Shengyu , Yang Zixiao , McNamara Maria E. , Benton Michael J. , Jiang Baoyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTerrestrial insects are often remarkably well preserved in lacustrine Konservat Lagerstätten. However, the assumption that carcasses should sink fast through the water column seems contradictory as this scenario is unlikely due to excessive buoyancy and surface tension. The mechanisms that promote rapid and permanent emplacement onto the sediment surface (RPESS) of such terrestrial animal remains are not fully understood. Here we use taphonomic experiments to show that floating in water, growth of microbial biofilms and reception of rapid sediment load promote RPESS of terrestrial insect remains in lentic water bodies. Our results show that the optimum conditions for RPESS occur when terrestrial insects enter a lentic water body in articulation, experience brief decay in association with growth of microbes, then are buried rapidly by airborne volcanic ash. These results provide a model for preservation of articulated terrestrial insects and emphasize the importance of microbial activity and volcanism for insect preservation in lacustrine Konservat Lagerstätten.
A pathogenesis‐related protein GmPR08‐Bet VI promotes a molecular interaction between the GmSHMT08 and GmSNAP18 in resistance to Heterodera glycines
Authors: Lakhssassi Naoufal , Piya Sarbottam , Bekal Sadia , Liu Shiming , Zhou Zhou , Bergounioux Catherine , Miao Long , Meksem Jonas , Lakhssassi Aicha , Jones Karen , Kassem My Abdelmajid , Benhamed Moussa , Bendahmane Abdelhafid , Lambert Kris , Boualem Adnane , Hewezi Tarek , Meksem Khalid 
Published: January 2020

SummarySoybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is the most devastating pest affecting soybean production worldwide. SCN resistance requires both the GmSHMT08 and the GmSNAP18 in ‘Peking’‐type resistance. Here, we describe the molecular interaction between GmSHMT08 and GmSNAP18, which is potentiated by a pathogenesis‐related protein GmPR08‐Bet VI. Like GmSNAP18 and GmSHMT08, GmPR08‐Bet VI expression was induced in response to SCN and its overexpression decreased SCN cysts by 65% in infected transgenic soybean roots. Overexpression of GmPR08‐Bet VI did not have an effect on SCN resistance when the two cytokinin‐binding sites in GmPR08‐Bet VI were mutated, indicating a new role of GmPR08‐Bet VI in SCN resistance. GmPR08‐Bet VI was mapped to a QTL for resistance to SCN using different mapping populations. GmSHMT08, GmSNAP18 and GmPR08‐Bet VI localize to the cytosol and plasma membrane. GmSNAP18 expression and localization hyper‐accumulated at the plasma membrane and was specific to the root cells surrounding the nematode in SCN‐resistant soybeans. Genes encoding key components of the salicylic acid signalling pathway were induced under SCN infection. GmSNAP18 and GmPR08‐Bet VI were also induced under salicylic acid and cytokinin exogenous treatments, while GmSHMT08 was induced only when the resistant GmSNAP18 was present, pointing to the presence of a molecular crosstalk between SCN‐resistant genes and defence genes. Expression analysis of GmSHMT08 and GmSNAP18 identified the need of a minimum expression requirement to trigger the SCN resistance reaction. These results provide insight into a new response mechanism towards plant nematode resistance involving haplotype compatibility, gene dosage and hormone signalling.