bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli inactivation by UVA-LED irradiation system in a Japanese hospital
Authors: Ulfa Maria , Azuma Momoyo , Sato Masami , Shimohata Takaaki , Fukushima Shiho , Kido Junko , Nakamoto Mariko , Uebanso Takashi , Mawatari Kazuaki , Emoto Takahiro , Akutagawa Masatake , Kinouchi Yohsuke , Takahashi Akira 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is increasing rapidlyand spreading worldwide, particularly in Asia compared to other regions. In the last 10 years, in our hospital, in particular, there has been <30% increase. To prevent the spread of ESBL in hospitals and in the community, the ultraviolet (UV) A-light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation device was used to inactivate ESBL- E. coli in human livestock and the environment . Methods: ESBL- E. coli and E. coli bacterial samples were collected from patients at Tokushima University Hospital (Tokushima City, Japan). The UVA-LED irradiation system had 365 nm single wavelength, and the current of the circuit was set to 0.23 or 0.50 A consistently. Results: Results demonstrated that UVA-LED was useful for the inactivation of ESBL- E. coli and E. coli . The minimum energy dosage required to inactivate ESBL- E. coli and E. coli was 40.75 J/cm 2 (45 min) in the first type of UVA-LED and 38.85 J/cm 2 (5 min) in the second type. There were no significant differences between ESBL- E. coli and E. coli . The inactivation of ESBL- E. coli was dependent on energy. Conclusions: These findings suggest that UVA-LED with 365 nm single wavelength could be useful for surface decontamination in healthcare facilities.
Wealth and unintended pregnancy in Ghana: Analysis of 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Paintsil Jones Arkoh , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Pregnancy intention is a critical factor for both short and long term maternal and 27 child health outcomes. Some evidence show that wealth status has varying implications on 28 unintended pregnancy. In this study, we investigated wealth and unintended pregnancy among 29 women of reproductive age in Ghana. 30Methods: Our descriptive analysis comprised calculation of wealth status and unintended 31 pregnancy. The same calculation was done for socio-demographic characteristics and 32 unintended pregnancy. Due to the binary nature of the outcome variable (unintended 33 pregnancy), Binary Logistic Model was used for the inferential analysis. The first model 34 (Model I), constituted wealth quintile and unintended pregnancy. The second model (Model II) 35 was developed by adjusting for five key socio-demographic variables. 36Results: Women in the richest wealth quintile had less likelihood of experiencing unintended 37 pregnancy (OR=0.740, CI=0.42-1.28). Considering women aged 15-19 as the reference 38 category, women in all other age categories had less likelihood of unintended pregnancy 39 especially those aged 45-49 (AOR=0.26, CI=0.04-1.58). The findings revealed that those who 40 listened to radio at least once a week (AOR=0.56, CI=0.36-0.89) were less probable to report 41 unintended pregnancy, having those not listening to radio at all as the reference category. 42 Women in urban settings were less likely to have unintended pregnancies (AOR=0.74, 43 CI=0.46-1.19). 44Conclusions: This study has indicated that unintended pregnancy to larger extent is poverty 45 driven. The study suggests that the mass media, particularly radio, is valuable in 46 communicating birth control measures and messages on unintended pregnancies. Efforts to 47 halt unintended pregnancies must target poor women, especially those in the rural locations.
The efficiency and safety of recombinant factor VIIa for bleeding in patients without haemophilia: a meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Yuting , Zhou Youfa , Li Jian , Zhou Haiyan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is widely used for off-label indications to control bleeding and reduce blood transfusion. However, the efficacy and safety of rFVIIa for bleeding in patients without haemophilia are uncertain and worthy of further study. This meta-analysis has been updated to incorporate recent trial data.Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PUBMED, EMBASE and other medical databases up to 20 July 2019. The results of this work are synthetized and reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement.Results: Twelve trials met our inclusion criteria. High dose rFVIIa reduced the requirements of red cell transfusion (mean difference [MD], -232.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]; -448.33 to 234.89). rFVIIa did not significantly affect mortality (relative risk[RR], 1.00;95%CI, 0.82–1.21), total thromboembolic events (RR, 1.13; 95%CI, 0.94–1.36), myocardial infarction (RR, 1.37; 95%CI, 0.92–2.05), deep vein thrombosis (RR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.52–1.33), ICU-stay (RR, 0.40; 95%CI, -1.28 to 2.07) and numbers of patients for red cell transfusion (RR, 0.94; 95%CI, 0.83-1.08). However, it may increase the incidence of arterial events (RR, 1.38; 95%CI, 1.08–1.77).Conclusion: High dose rFVIIa is effective to reduce the need of red cell transfusion for bleeding in patients without haemophilia. However, it may increase the risk of arterial events.
Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Paravertebral Block on MMP-9 and Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing VATS Lobectomy: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Chu Haichen , Dong He , Wang Yongjie , Niu Zejun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Local anesthesia can reduce the response to surgical stress and decrease the consumption of opioids, which may reduce immunosuppression and potentially delay postoperative tumor recurrence. We compared paravertebral block(PVB) combined with general anesthesia(GA) and general anesthesia regarding their effects on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and postoperative pain after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS) lobectomy.Methods: 54 patients undergoing elective VATS lobectomy at a single tertiary care, teaching hospital located in Qingdao between May 2 2018 and Sep 28 2018 were randomised by computer to either paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia or general anesthesia. The primary outcome was pain scores during postoperative 48h. The secondary outcome were plasma concentrations of MMP-9, complications, and duration of postoperative hospital stay. Results: 75 were enrolled to the study, of whom 21 were excluded before surgery. We analyzed lobectomy patients undergoing paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia (n=25) or general anesthesia (n=24). Both groups were similar regarding baseline characteristics. Pain scores were lower at 4h and 24h in PVB/GA group, compared with GA group (2.53±0.83 vs 3.4±0.91; 2.2±0.94 vs 3.0±0.93, respectively, P<0.05). There were no difference at 1h and 48h between groups. Patients in the PVB/GA group showed a greater decrease in plasma MMP-9 level at T1 and T2 after VATS lobectomy (P<0.05). Postoperative complications and length of stay did not differ by anesthetic technique.Conclusions: The paravertebral block/general anesthesia can provide statistically better pain relief and attenuate MMP-9 response to surgery and after VATS lobectomy. This technique may be beneficial for patients to recover rapidly after lung surgery and reduce postoperative tumor recurrence.
Impact of embryo biopsy stage on implantation potential in thalassemias: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Wang Yizi , Ding Chenhui , Lu Baomin , Zeng Yanhong , Liu Xinyan , Zhou Canquan , Xu Yanwen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the impact of biopsy stage on implantation potential of frozen-warmed blastocysts in pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) cycles for those with thalassemias.Design: Retrospective paired cohort study using propensity score matching (PSM). A time-to-event analysis of Fine-Gray’s analysis was used to compare cumulative live birth rate (CLBR).Setting: Single university-affiliated center .Patient(s): A total of 439 PGT couples were included who underwent PGT for thalassemias between 2015 and 2017.Intervention(s): Two biopsy strategies were evaluated; cleavage-stage biopsy (CB) and blastocyst-stage biopsy (BB).Main Outcome Measure(s): Implantation rate and CLBR.Result(s): A total of 202 ovum pick-up (OPU) cycles from Group CB and 237 OPU cycles from Group BB were included. PSM was conducted for two groups covering characteristics on the OPU cycle and the first frozen-warmed blastocyst transfer (FWBT) cycle , resulting in 140 matched pairs. The implantation rate was significantly lower in the CB group (41.0%, 30.3%, 20.4% in 1st, 2nd and 3rd FWBT cycle respectively, weighted mean 34.2%) than those in the BB group (51.8%, 43.5%, and 40.5% (weighted mean 48.1%), respectively; at P = 0.044, 0.047, 0.039). This was a 28.9% relative reduction ( P = 0.002). The CLBR across three FWBT cycles was significantly higher in the BB group compared with the CB group (80.0% vs. 62.1%, P = 0.032), while the likelihood of LBR was 1.21-fold higher after regression adjustment. Conclusion(s): Cleavage-stage biopsy may partially affect the implantation potential and CLBRs of frozen-warmed blastocysts, compared with blastocyst stage biopsy.
Comparative genomic analysis reveals metabolic mechanisms for Kluyveromyces marxianus’ fast growth during evolution
Authors: Mo Wenjuan , Ren Haiyan , Yang Xianmei , Luo Tongyu , Lu Wanlin , Zhou Jungang , Yu Yao , Qi Ji , Lv Hong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Using yeast fermentation to produce bioethanol, is an economic and renewable way to tackle the rapid increase in fuel consumption. Faster cell growth rate guarantees the superior result of fermentation course. The “non-conventional” yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus is the known fastest-growing eukaryote on the earth. Although its wide application in industry, the molecular mechanisms for its fast growth have seldom been discovered.Results We first carried out a comparative genome content analysis for K. marxianus evolution in Saccharomycetaceae and identified the gain/lost genes as well as highly copied genes during K. marxianus speciation. Then RNA-seq analyses for K. marxianus and S. cerevisiae at different time points along cultivation were performed, to infer the function of K. marxianus-specific genes and to find out the difference in homologous gene expression patterns between the two species. RNA-seq results were further validated with RT-qPCR analysis. Genome content analysis shows the highly intense events of genes’ gain/loss happened at the occurrence of Saccharomycetaceae and Kluyveromyces, and K. marxianus has particularly high copy numbers of genes participating in iron transport and biotin biosynthesis. The RNA-seq analysis reveals 40% of K. marxianus-specific genes were up-regulated and may participate in glucose transport and mitochondrial function. Furthermore, compared to S. cerevisiae, K. marxianus has developed two features in homologous gene expressions to ensure its fast growth: (1) enhanced fundamental expressions of TCA cycle and respiratory chain genes at the beginning of cultivation; (2) tightly co-up-regulated expressions of respiratory chain, F0F1 ATPase, and glucose transporter genes at its fastest growth phase. Those co-expressions are mainly ascribed to the higher number of significant motifs in the upstream sequences of involved genes in K. marxianus than in S. cerevisiae, indicating the importance of transcriptional network remodelling during evolution.Conclusions This study gives insights into the possible mechanisms of K. marxianus’ fast growth trait, via efficiently supplying sufficient energy for cell growth, meanwhile reinforcing glucose transport to guarantee the competition for environmental resources. Our findings present a theoretical support for K. marxianus’ prospective application in industry, and give clues for further rational construction of fast-growing yeast strains.
NLRP3 maintains healthy pericytes in the brain
Authors: Quan Wenqiang , Luo Qinghua , Tang Qiqiang , Furihata Tomomi , Li Dong , Fassbender Klaus , Liu Yang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Pericytes regulate structure and function of cerebral capillaries. Growing evidence shows that pericytes are damaged in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which potentially contributes to AD pathogenesis. NLRP3-contained inflammasome is activated in AD brain and considered as a promising target for therapy. However, how NLRP3 affects brain pericytes is unclear. In our study, we investigated physiological function of NLRP3 in pericytes. Methods Immunohistological methods and Western blot were used to investigate pericytes and vasculature in the brains of 9-month-old NLRP3-deficient and wild-type littermate mice. Pericytes were also cultured and treated with NLRP3 inhibitor, recombinant IL-1β and AKT inhibitor. Then, proliferation, apoptosis and expression of PDGFRβ and CD13 in pericytes were analysed with biochemical methods. To investigate underlying molecular mechanisms, phosphorylation of protein kinases such as AKT, ERK and NF- k B were quantified. Results We observed that NLRP3 deficiency reduced the coverage of PDGFRβ-positive pericytes and collagen type IV-immunereactive vasculature in the brain. NLRP3 deficiency was also shown to decrease PDGFRβ and CD13 proteins in isolated cerebral microvessels. In cultured pericytes, inhibition of NLRP3 with MCC950 attenuated cell proliferation but did not induce apoptosis. NLRP3 inhibition also decreased protein levels of PDGFRβ and CD13. On the contrary, treatments with IL-1β increased protein levels of PDGFRβ and CD13 in pericytes. The alteration of PDGFRβ and CD13 protein levels was correlated with phosphorylation of AKT. Inhibition of AKT reduced PDGFRβ and CD13 in cultured pericytes. Conclusions NLRP3 might be essential to maintain healthy pericytes in the brain through activating AKT. Adverse effects on brain pericytes should be considered in the possible clinical therapies with NLRP3 inhibitors.
Sevoflurane preconditioning reduces brain inflammation after experimental stroke by enhancing glycogen synthesis kinase-3 β/ nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor - dependent microglial M2 polarization
Authors: Cai Min , Sun Sisi , Wang Shiquan , Dong Beibei , Tian Li , Dong Hailong , Hou Wugang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Sevoflurane preconditioning (SPC) results in cerebral ischemic tolerance; however, the mechanism remains unclear. In current study, we aimed to assess the M1/M2 shift in the brain induced by SPC and whether glycogen synthesis kinase-3β (GSK-3β)-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) activation was involved in the M2 polarization mediated by SPC. Methods: Mouse primary microglia with SPC were challenged by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and mice with SPC were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then, the mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors were analysed. GSK-3β phosphorylation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation were measured. The mRNA and protein expression of proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors, neurological scores, infarct volume, cellular apoptosis, the proportion of M1/M2-positive cells, and the generation of super-oxidants were examined after SPC or GSK-3β inhibitor TDZD treatment with or without Nrf2 deficiency. Results: SPC promoted M2 phenotype polarization both in vitro and in vivo . GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9 was increased after SPC. Both SPC and TDZD administration enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, promoted M2 phenotype polarization and elicited a neuroprotective effect. Nrf2 deficiency abolished the promoted M2 polarization and ischemic tolerance induced by TDZD treatment. The reduced percentage of M1-positive cells and super-oxidants generation induced by SFC or TDZD was also reversed by Nrf2 knockdown. Conclusions: Our results indicated that SPC exerts brain ischemic tolerance and enhances M2 polarization by GSK-3β-dependent Nrf2 activation, which provides a novel mechanism for SPC-induced neuroprotection.
Complications rate and risk factors in unplanned reoperation of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis in geriatric patients: a retrospective single-center cohort study of 33 patients
Authors: Zhong Weiyang , Liang Xinjie , Luo Xiaoji , Huang Tianji , Quan Zhengxue 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The study aimed to investigate the complications rate and risk factors in unplanned reoperation among geriatric patients who underwent posterior lumbar fusion(PLF) for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis(DLS).Methods: 1100 DLS patients who were older than 60 years were reviewed from January 2006 to December 2016 and 33 patients underwent unplanned reoperations who were analyzed and divided to two groups(Group A: posteriolateral fusion, Group B: intervertebral fusion). Gender, body mass index (BMI), radiographic data and clinical outcomes data were analyzed to evaluate complications rate and the risk factors for unplanned reoperations.Results: 33 patients were performed by the unplanned reoperations(3%).The patients were followed up for an average of 4.20±2.25 years (Group A)and 4.32±2.54 years(Group B)without significant difference. The significant difference was found in mean age, levels involved levels, hospital stay, surgery time, blood loss between the groups. The causes of unplanned operation were: wound infection, screw misplacement, neurological deficit, nonunion, screw fracture which were significant except the wound infection between the groups. Higher BMI (obesity), diabetes mellitus(DM), more bleeding and gender(female) were the risk factors of the complications. The cases of the screw misplacement, neurological deficit, nonunion and screw fracture in group A were more significantly than in group B.Conclusion: The patients of higher BMI, DM, age, posteriolateral fusion, female predicted higher incidence of unplanned reoperations. The spine surgeons maybe need to pay more attention in their preoperative training and in improving surgical technique which could reduce the reoperation rate.
Value of digital mammography in predicting lymphovascular invasion of breast cancer
Authors: Liu Zhuangsheng , Li Xiaoping , Liang Keming , Chen Junhao , Chen Xiangmeng , Li Ruqiong , Li Ronggang , Zhang Xin , Yi Lilei , Long Wansheng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: To use digital mammography, a more popular imaging tool, for predicting lymphovascular invasion(LVI) in breast cancer patients preoperatively.Methods: 122 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma diagnosed between May 2017 and September 2018 were collected, which were divided into positive group (n=42) and negative group (n=80) according to the presence or absence of LVI.Results: The differences of these variables(childbearing history, miscarriage history, other breast diseases history, nipple discharge, breast cancer marker CA153, age, ER, PR, HER-2, E-CAD, P53, Ki-67) between LVI positive group and the LVI negative group were not statistically significant, except that of Ki-67 (P=0.012). For the image features of digital mammography, the differences of interstitial edema (P=0.013) and skin thickening (P=0.000) between LVI positive group and negative groups were statistically significant. The differences of other imaging patterns, that is, fibroglandular tissue density, size , solitary/multiple, mass shape, mass margin , subcutaneous fat, axillary adenopathy and so on, between the two groups were not statistically significant. Multiple factor analysis shows that, there are three independent risk factors for predicting LVI occurrence: interstitial edema (OR = 12.610, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.061, 149.922, P=0.045), subcutaneous fat (OR=0.081, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.012, 0.645, P =0.017) and skin thickening (OR=9.041, 95% confidence interval CI: 2.553, 32.022, P=0.001).Conclusion: Interstitial edema, blurring of subcutaneous fat layer, and skin thickening were independent risk factors for predicting LVI occurrence. When applying these three imaging patterns together, the specificity of LVI prediction was as high as 98.8%.
Targeting of immunosuppressive myeloid cells from glioblastoma patients by modulation of size and surface charge of lipid nanocapsules
Authors: Pinton Laura , Magri Sara , Masetto Elena , Vettore Marina , Schibuola Ilaria , Ingangi Vincenzo , Marigo Ilaria , Matha Kevin , Benoit Jean-Pierre , Puppa Alessandro Della , Bronte Vincenzo , Lollo Giovanna , Mandruzzato Susanna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundMyeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) and Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are two of the major players involved in the inhibition of anti-tumor immune response in cancer patients, leading to poor prognosis. Selective targeting of myeloid cells has therefore become an attractive therapeutic strategy to relieve immunosuppression and, in this frame, we previously demonstrated that lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) loaded with lauroyl-modified gemcitabine efficiently target monocytic MDSCs in melanoma patients. In this study, we investigated the impact of the physico-chemical characteristics of LNCs, namely size and surface potential, towards immunosuppressive cell targeting. We exploited myeloid cells isolated from glioblastoma patients, which play a relevant role in the immunosuppression, to demonstrate that tailored nanosystems can target not only tumor cells but also tumor-promoting cells, thus constituting an efficient system that could be used to inhibit their function.ResultsThe incorporation of different LNC formulations with a size of 100 nm, carrying overall positive, neutral or negative charge, was evaluated on leukocytes and tumor-infiltrating cells freshly isolated from glioblastoma patients. We observed that the maximum LNC uptake was obtained in monocytes with neutral 100 nm LNCs, while positively charged 100 nm LNCs were more effective on macrophages and tumor cells, maintaining at low level the incorporation by T cells. The mechanism of uptake was elucidated, demonstrating that LNCs are incorporated mainly by caveolae-mediated endocytosis. ConclusionsWe demonstrated that LNCs can be directed towards immunosuppressive cells by simply modulating their size and charge and provided a novel approach to exploit nanosystems for anticancer treatment in the frame of immunotherapy.