bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pour une histoire instrumentale des savoirs ottomans : à quoi servaient les « livres tenus en haute estime » et autres précieux manuscrits conservés dans une bibliothèque de madrasa anatolienne (Burdur, seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle) ?
Authors: Bouquet Olivier 
Published: December 2020

Résumé
Cet article décrit et analyse le contenu d’une bibliothèque de 106 ouvrages placés en waqf par H̱alīl Ḥamīd Pacha (1736-1785) dans une madrasa de Burdur, cité d’Anatolie méridionale dont ce haut dignitaire ottoman était originaire. L’étude aborde l’historicité des sciences islamiques en aval de la période médiévale, le rapport entretenu par le public des lecteurs avec des ouvrages de référence, mais aussi le devenir de productions scientifiques et littéraires dans des espaces de la « logosphère arabe » jadis tenus pour périphériques et désormais étudiés au prisme de dynamiques intellectuelles diversifiées. Elle examine le « modèle ottoman » des madrasas non plus sous l’angle des institutions ou des carrières comme c’est souvent le cas, mais sous celui, moins exploré par les spécialistes, des conditions pratiques de la transmission des savoirs. On sait certes qu’à la fin de l’époque moderne des champs de connaissance étaient fragilisés, alors que d’autres étaient plus activement arpentés. Mais on ignore encore largement comment, in situ, les étudiants des madrasas lisaient les textes et comment les enseignants annotaient et commentaient les manuels. L’article aborde ces questions en examinant l’hypothèse selon laquelle le choix des ouvrages mis en waqf à Burdur ne correspondait pas seulement à l’importance que ceux-ci occupaient dans les hiérarchies des sciences islamiques ou au prestige des auteurs qui les avaient écrits, mais répondait directement à l’utilité qu’ils avaient aux yeux d’étudiants ottomans qui espéraient accéder aux carrières de nāʾib, enseignant ou mufti et des lettrés qui les formaient dans ce sens. Pour mesurer la validité de cette hypothèse, l’étude identifie précisément la place des commentaires dans le corpus et s’interroge sur la capacité du public à faire usage des manuscrits et donc à lire de l’arabe.
General Versus Special Theories of Discrimination
Authors: Segev Re’em 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I consider two arguments in favor of normative accounts of discrimination that are general – namely, consider all of the moral reasons and hold that the content of these reasons is in no way unique to discrimination – and against special accounts – ones that highlight only some of the pertinent factors, while focusing on those that are special to discrimination in some way. The dilemma argument holds that special accounts are unhelpful if they do not entail conclusions regarding the overall moral status of discrimination and implausible if they do. The parsimony argument holds that special accounts are plausible only to the degree to which they are derived from general ones.
Care at door-steps for persons with severe mental disorders: A pilot experience from Karnataka district mental health program
Authors: Basavaraju Vinay , Murugesan Manisha , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Gowda Guru S , Tamaraiselvan Santhosh Kumar , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Nagabhushana Shashidhara Harihara , Manjunatha Narayana , Bada Math Suresh , Parthasarathy Rajani , Arunachalam Vikram , Kumar KS Chetan , AM Adarsha , H Chandrashekar 
Published: December 2020

Background: Public funded outreach services for persons with severe mental disorders (SMDs), a norm in developed nations, is non-existent in India. We share our pilot experience with an indigenous model named ‘Care at Doorsteps’ (CADs) for persons with SMDs who dropped out from clinical care of District Mental Health Program (DMHP) at three sites of Karnataka, a south Indian state. Aim: The objectives of this study were to identify the reasons for drop outs from routine care and to assess the burden of illness and disability after the intervention. Methodology: Six-month prospective observational study on patients aged 18–60 years, diagnosed as Schizophrenia or bipolar disorder was conducted. Three home visits were made by the team and provided medications, also offered brief psychoeducation and counselling. Care-givers were interviewed to identify the reasons for drop outs and their expectations from the treating team. Patients were also assessed using the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS) and Burden Assessment Schedule (BAS) during each visit. Results: Ninety-six patients (50 males and 46 females) were followed up, of which 85 had a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 11 with bipolar illness. Common reasons for drop out were: single caregiver (breadwinner) unable to accompany the patient, loss of faith in medical treatment and financial constraints. Symptomatic improvement and restoration of productive work were the priority expectations. Over the course, the mean CGI-S showed significant reduction (4.81 ± 1.57, 4.46 ± 1.32 and 4.11 ± 1.39 respectively; p = 0.001). Mean score on BAS showed a significant reduction (85.76 ± 12.15, 83.46 ± 11.30, 84.27 ± 11.82; p = 0.04). Mean total IDEAS scores did not show significant change (13.27 ± 4.78, 12.82 ± 4.24, 13.17 ± 4.40; p = 0.16). Conclusion: Meaningful assertive outreach care is feasible in India and is found to be useful for persons with SMDs by utilising the already existing public sector resources.
The Effect of Cognitive Tasks During Electroencephalography Recording in Patients With Reflex Seizures
Authors: Buluş Eser , Abanoz Yasin , Gülen Abanoz Yeşim , Yeni Seher Naz 
Published: December 2020

Objective We aimed to research the effect of cognitive tasks on interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in patients with epilepsy who had reported cognitive functions as a seizure trigger. We investigated the usefulness of cognitive function tasks as a method of activation in standard-awake EEG in daily practice. Methods Standard-awake EEG with cognitive activation tasks consisting of verbal and arithmetic tasks was administered to 35 (11.7%) of 299 patients with epilepsy who reported cognitive functions as a reflex seizure stimulus. During the background EEG, patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (17 patients) with interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), and group 2 (18 patients) without IEDs. Results IEDs were activated by a verbal task in 11.4% of patients and by an arithmetic task in 5.7%. All activated patients were in the genetic/idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) group. In group 1, IEDs were activated in 17.6% of patients by a verbal task and in 5.9% by an arithmetic task. Both verbal and arithmetic tasks showed provocative effect in one patient in group 2. Hyperventilation was the most effective activation method, followed by cognitive activation tasks and photic stimulation. The provocative effects of verbal and arithmetic tasks were comparable to those of photic stimulation. Conclusion Cognitive tasks might activate the IEDs in patients reporting cognitive functions as a seizure trigger, particularly in IGE. Brief and standardized cognitive activation tasks should be developed and applied as a method of activation during standard-awake EEG recordings to increase the diagnostic yield of EEG.
Mathematical model of COVID-19 spread in Turkey and South Africa: theory, methods, and applications
Authors: Atangana Abdon , İğret Araz Seda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA comprehensive study about the spread of COVID-19 cases in Turkey and South Africa has been presented in this paper. An exhaustive statistical analysis was performed using data collected from Turkey and South Africa within the period of 11 March 2020 to 3 May 2020 and 05 March and 3 of May, respectively. It was observed that in the case of Turkey, a negative Spearman correlation for the number of infected class and a positive Spearman correlation for both the number of deaths and recoveries were obtained. This implied that the daily infections could decrease, while the daily deaths and number of recovered people could increase under current conditions. In the case of South Africa, a negative Spearman correlation for both daily deaths and daily infected people were obtained, indicating that these numbers may decrease if the current conditions are maintained. The utilization of a statistical technique predicted the daily number of infected, recovered, and dead people for each country; and three results were obtained for Turkey, namely an upper boundary, a prediction from current situation and lower boundary. The histograms of the daily number of newly infected, recovered and death showed a sign of lognormal and normal distribution, which is presented using the Bell curving method parameters estimation. A new mathematical model COVID-19 comprised of nine classes was suggested; of which a formula of the reproductive number, well-poseness of the solutions and the stability analysis were presented in detail. The suggested model was further extended to the scope of nonlocal operators for each case; whereby a numerical method was used to provide numerical solutions, and simulations were performed for different non-integer numbers. Additionally, sections devoted to control optimal and others dedicated to compare cases between Turkey and South Africa with the aim to comprehend why there are less numbers of deaths and infected people in South Africa than Turkey were presented in detail.
A case series of ischemic stroke with coronavirus disease 2019 in two Egyptian centers
Authors: El Nahas Nevine , Roushdy Tamer , Hamid Eman , Farag Sherien , Shokri Hossam , Fathy Mai , Abushady Eman , Hazzou Ahmed , Aref Hany 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus that has been reported to have various neurological manifestations. Cerebrovascular disorders have been encountered as a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presentation in our center during the pandemic.

Case presentation
We are presenting 10 cases with cerebrovascular manifestations after having COVID-19 few days prior to stroke.

Conclusion
Cerebrovascular manifestations can occur in association with COVID-19 and may have significant implications on prognosis and management.
Polydopamine Coating on Lactate Oxidase- and 1,2-Naphthoquinone-modified Porous Carbon Electrode for Stability Improvement
Authors: Shitanda Isao , Takamatsu Kotarou , Yoshihata Yukihiro , Nakamura Takehisa , Mikawa Tsutomu , Itagaki Masayuki , Tsujimura Seiya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Polydopamine (PDA), formed by self-polymerizing dopamine, is coated over a lactate oxidase (LOx)- and 1,2-naphthoquinone-modified MgO-template carbon electrode to improve electrode stability. After one week, the activity of the resultant electrode without a polydopamine film decreases to ∼60%, whereas that with a PDA coating can be maintained at ∼80%. This method is widely useful for improving the stability of biosensors and biofuel cells.
ТРАНСПОРТНЫЕ ПОТОКИ АМЕРИКАНСКОЙ АДМИНИСТРАЦИИ ПОМОЩИ (АРА) НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПЕТРОГРАДА (1921-1923 ГГ.)
Authors: Philippova Maria Nikolaevna , Romanova Anna Nikolaevna 
Published: December 2020

Цель. Американская администрация помощи (АРА) оказала масштабную гуманитарную помощь России во время голода в 1921–1923 гг. При этом была успешна решена проблема доставки продовольствия из США к голодающим людям на огромных пространствах России. Практика АРА остается актуальной для современных гуманитарных организаций.Метод проведения работы. Деятельность АРА в Петрограде практически не исследована. В статье использованы документы из Центрального государственного архива Санкт-Петербурга, Государственного архива Российской Федерации (Москва) и опубликованные исследования.Результаты. Транспортный аспект помощи АРА изучен на примере Петрограда как места первой разгрузки иностранной помощи, доставленной морским и железнодорожным транспортом, ее перегрузки на железную дорогу для транспортировки к районам оказания помощи АРА. Впервые рассмотрена схема доставки продовольствия от АРА голодающим людям Петрограда.В Петроград поступило 53111,8 т грузов на 30 пароходах как прямо из США, так и после перегрузки в Гамбурге. По Северо-Западным железным дорогам грузы АРА поступали в Петроград из Таллина, некоторые грузы АРА в Петроград доставлялись по железной дороге через Москву. Помощь из Петрограда отправляли по железной дороге через Москву и Вологду в Волжский регион, станциями назначения были Рыбинск и Нижний Новгород.Помощь АРА голодающему населению самого Петрограда также была значительной, ее общий вес составил 2947,335 т, а стоимость – 282210,61 $.Установлены и показаны на карте Петрограде основные места, связанные с транспортировкой грузов, и пункты питания для голодающего населения города. Для доставки помощи внутри города использовали гужевой и автомобильный транспорт.Область применения результатов. Материалы работы могут быть использованы для научных обобщений в теме помощи АРА, при подготовке учебных материалов по отечественной истории. Результаты могут заинтересовать краеведов.
An Evaluation of Communication Protocol Languages for Engineering Multiagent Systems
Authors: Chopra Amit K , Christie V Samuel H , Singh Munindar P. 
Published: December 2020

Communication protocols are central to engineering decentralized multiagent systems. Modern protocol languages are typically formal and address aspects of decentralization, such as asynchrony. However, modern languages differ in important ways in their basic abstractions and operational assumptions. This diversity makes a comparative evaluation of protocol languages a challenging task.
We contribute a rich evaluation of diverse and modern protocol languages. Among the selected languages, Scribble is based on session types; Trace-C and Trace-F on trace expressions; HAPN on hierarchical state machines, and BSPL on information causality. Our contribution is four-fold. One, we contribute important criteria for evaluating protocol languages. Two, for each criterion, we compare the languages on the basis of whether they are able to specify elementary protocols that go to the heart of the criterion. Three, for each language, we map our findings to a canonical architecture style for multiagent systems, highlighting where the languages depart from the architecture. Four, we identify design principles for protocol languages as guidance for future research.
Influência do Risco de Litígio do Auditor nos Honorários de Auditoria e não Auditoria
Authors: Da Silva Giordani Mikaéli , Arruda de Souza Neto Justine Maria , Da Cunha Paulo Roberto 
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Analisar o impacto do risco de litígio do auditor nos honorários de auditoria e não auditoria.
Método: Realizou-se pesquisa descritiva, documental e com abordagem quantitativa. A população compreendeu as empresas listadas no Estados Unidos da América e a amostra correspondeu a 1.298 empresas para cada ano de análise, que abrangeu o período de 2013 a 2017. Os dados foram coletados e da base de dados da Thomson Reuters Eikon® e analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e de regressão linear múltipla.
Resultados: Os resultados do estudo demonstram que o risco de litígio influencia os honorários de auditoria e os honorários de não auditoria. As variáveis de controle, alavancagem, lucratividade, empresa de auditoria, endividamento, tamanho e Market-to-Book apresentaram relação significativa com ambos os honorários, entretanto, a variável alavancagem apresentou relação negativa. Na prática os resultados indicam, que a partir do momento em que o auditor percebe um alto risco de litígio da empresa auditada, estes são persuadidos a despender um maior esforço e tempo na aplicação de testes para realizar o trabalho de auditoria. Além disso, perante um alto risco de litígio, os auditores são motivados a realizar um trabalho especializado, como por exemplo, auditoria especial e verificação fiscal.
Contribuições: Este estudo contribui ao fornecer evidências explícitas sobre o risco de litígio específico do cliente, o qual afeta mais explicitamente a responsabilidade legal do auditor pela auditoria de um cliente específico, fato que consequentemente impacta nos honorários de auditoria e honorários de não auditoria, conforme evidenciado neste estudo.
Intussusception in an infant complicating dengue infection
Authors: . Fadila , Omair Md. Faraz , Kevlani Neeta 
Published: December 2020

Intussusception is the most common abdominal emergency in children younger than 2 years of age. A 6-month-old child presented as dengue with gross abdominal distension to our hospital. Dengue was managed using standard therapy as per world health organization protocol, while abdominal pathology, later found out to be intussusception, required exploratory laprotomy. At the outset, abdominal distensions in the setting of a severe dengue infection, could be misdiagnosed as ascites due to capillary leakage, masking the clinical findings of acute abdomen on examination. Although unusual, it is possible to find two concurrent illnesses simultaneously, one complicating the typical clinical course expected from the other, and this needs high index of suspicion due to different management strategies of both. We describe here the diagnostic dilemma of such a case.
Magnitude of HIV testing and socio demographic factors associated with it among adults age 15-49 years in Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegne Eleni Tesfaye , Tessema Mekibib Kassa , Tegegne Kaleab Tesfaye 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Survey data in Sub-Saharan African countries in the 2005 to 2010 period showed that only 10% men and 15% women aged 15 to 24 years were aware of their human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. This study aims to assess: magnitude of HIV testing, and socio demographic factors associated with it among adults age 15-49 years.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Demographic and health surveys in 2016, in Ethiopia were analyzed in SPSS, using multivariate logistic regression. We used HIV testing as the outcome variable using the recommended definition by Ethiopia demographic and health survey (EDHS) 2016. Descriptive statistics were employed to show the distribution of socio-demographic characteristics. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of the total sample of 27289 of men and women 15-49 years at the time of survey, 19.4% (n=5295) have been tested for HIV in the past 12 months and received the results of the last test. Men and women in the 15-19 age group 9.952 (AOR 9.95295% CI 6.156-16.091) and men and women age 15-49 years in urban areas (AOR 34.040; 95% CI: 21.028-55.105) were found significant predictors of HIV testing.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> HIV testing among adults age 15-49 years in Ethiopia was low. Age and place of residence were found significant predictors of HIV testing there remain a high proportion of undiagnosed HIV-infected persons and for the Ethiopian government there is a need for innovative strategies aimed at increasing HIV-testing, particularly for rural areas and those beyond adolescent age.</p>
Acquired heart diseases in children in Gadarif pediatrics teaching hospital, Gadarif state, Eastern Sudan
Authors: Massaad Samia O. , Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed A. , Mustafa Afra M. , Elgaili Salah Sami Eldirdiri , Omar Saeed M. , Babiker Rabie A. , Mahjoub Amar Mohammed 
Published: December 2020

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acquired heart diseases (AHD) are heterogeneous diseases including rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and other affecting the heart and blood vessels after birth but usually appear clinically after 5 years of age. AHD considered as major cause of morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to document the spectrum, the affected age and clinical characteristics of AHDs in children of Gadarif state, eastern Sudan.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: This was a descriptive cross section study conducted in Gadarif pediatrics teaching hospital in period from June to Dec 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 46 children from Gadarif pediatrics teaching hospital with confirmed AHD were enrolled in this study. The females were 27 (58.7%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. The mean age was 10.6±3.9 years (age’s ≤16 years old); the most common affected age group was 10-14 years accounted 18 (39.1) cases. RHD was the commonest AHD found in 38 (82.6%) patients, the commonest valvular lesion was mitral regurgitation 31 (73.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RHD was the most common AHD in the children in the present study, there is need to improve the scope of intervention facilities in the Sudan particularly in rural areas to prevent the growing and spread of these diseases.</p>
Public’s view on myths related to COVID-19: a web-based cross-sectional study in Nepal
Authors: Sarraf Deeependra Prasad , Keswhar Shashi , Gupta Pramendra Prasad 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The global pandemic COVID-19 has created havoc. Various myths prevail among public that hamper them from adopting evidence based preventive measures to minimize the spread of COVID-19 and to seek timely health advice. The aim of the study was to find out the public’s view on myths related to COVID-19 in educated Nepalese population.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional web-based online survey was conducted in educated public in Nepal during May, 2020. A self-designed questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic variables and 21 myths was prepared using Google forms via docs.google.com/forms. The responses were recorded on a 3-point scale (agree, disagree, do not know). The Google form link was sent to the study participants via the social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp and Viber. Descriptive statistics mean, frequency and percentage were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 22. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 270, 33.7%, 33.3% and 37% participants agreed that eating lemon, turmeric and garlic prevents us from COVID-19 respectively. Thirty seven percent participants believed that spraying bleach or disinfectant into our body will protect us against COVID-19. The overall view of participants toward the myths related to COVID-19 was ‘agree’ (17.3%), ‘disagree’ (59.2%) and ‘don’t know’ (23.5%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Myths regarding COVID-19 prevailed among majority of the participants in this study. There is an urgent need to educate the public regarding various preventive approaches for COVID-19 issues. Media and government agencies have a vital role in creating awareness to adopt evidence-based facts.</p>
Postcholecystectomy syndrome: a case report
Authors: Krishna Kumar Dhakchinamoorthi , Pavitha P. Leena , Prukruthi Ramachandran , Tabassum Fathima , Bellja J. B. Shalam , Madhumathi Hanumakonda 
Published: December 2020

<p class="abstract">The term postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) refers to varied signs and symptoms attributed to patients on cholecystectomy for the surgical management of symptomatic gallstone disease. This complication occurs as a result of a pathological condition of the gallbladder or attribution of several symptoms. PCS affects about 10-15% of the patients. The management and treatment of PCS associated symptoms are depending on the specific diagnosis and may include pharmacological or surgical management. In the present case, a 74-year-old man undergone for laparoscopic cholecystectomy admitted with complaints of loose stools for several times with other complications (anaemia, leucocytosis, neutrophilia, and also reported known case of trigeminal neuralgia). The present case report added insight information on PCS and its therapeutic management.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>