bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
367 TOWARDS PERSONALIZED INDUCTION THERAPY FOR ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA: ORGANOIDS DERIVED FROM ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY RECAPITULATE THE PRE-TREATMENT TUMOR
Authors: Derouet M , Allen J , Wilson G , Ng C , Radulovich N , Kalimuthu S , Tsao M , Darling G , Yeung J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Esophageal adenocarcinoma has few known recurrent mutations and therefore robust, reliable and reproducible patient-specific models are needed for personalized treatment. Patient-derived organoid culture is a strategy that may allow for the personalized study of esophageal adenocarcinoma and the development of personalized induction therapy.

Methods
We developed a protocol to establish EAC organoids from endoscopic biopsies of treatment naïve esophageal adenocarcinomas. Organoids were then characterized using histology and whole exome sequencing. Organoids were then exposed to clinically used chemotherapy and response assessed.

Results
Our success rate for establishing the endoscopic organoid was 60%. Histologic characterization (we used p53 and cytokeratin7 as markers) and molecular characterization of organoids by whole exome sequencing demonstrated recapitulation of the tumors’ histology and genomic (60% of the mutations were shared between the organoids and the endoscopic biopsies) characteristics. Drug testing using clinically appropriate chemotherapeutics and targeted therapeutics showed an overlap between the patient’s tumor response and the corresponding organoids’ response.

Conclusion
In conclusion, organoids can be successfully cultured from endoscopic biopsies of esophageal adenocarcinoma and recapitulate the originating tumor. This model demonstrates promise as a tool to better personalize therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma patients.
From Quantity to Quality: Delivering a Home-Based Parenting Intervention Through China’s Family Planning Cadres
Authors: Sylvia Sean , Warrinnier Nele , Luo Renfu , Yue Ai , Attanasio Orazio , Medina Alexis , Rozelle Scott 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA key challenge in developing countries interested in providing early childhood development (ECD) programmes at scale is whether these programmes can be effectively delivered through existing public service infrastructures. We present the results of a randomised experiment evaluating the effects of a home-based parenting programme delivered by cadres in China’s Family Planning Commission (FPC)—the former enforcers of the one-child policy. We find that the programme significantly increased infant skill development after six months and that increased investments by caregivers alongside improvements in parenting skills were a major mechanism through which this occurred. Children who lagged behind in their cognitive development and received little parental investment at the onset of the intervention benefited most from the programme. Household participation in the programme was associated with the degree to which participants had a favourable view of the FPC, which also increased due to the programme.
Life and Limb: New Estimates of Casualty Aversion in the United States
Authors: Fazal Tanisha M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Dramatic improvements in US military medicine have produced an equally dramatic shift in the kinds of battle casualties the US military has sustained in its most recent wars. Specifically, there has been a notable increase in the ratio of nonfatal to fatal casualties. Most studies of casualty aversion in the United States, however, have focused on fatal casualties. Using a series of survey experiments, I investigate whether respondents are equally sensitive to fatal and nonfatal casualties, differences between populations with and without close military ties, and whether views on casualties are conditioned by respondents’ level of knowledge about casualties or the individual costs of war they expect to incur. I find that, while the general public is generally insensitive to different types of casualties, respondents with close ties to the military are better able to distinguish among kinds of casualties. This advantage, however, is not due to respondents with close military ties being better informed about war casualties. Instead, those who bear the costs of war directly appear better able to distinguish among those costs.
A systematic literature review of Native American and Pacific Islanders’ perspectives on health data privacy in the United States
Authors: Taitingfong Riley , Bloss Cinnamon S , Triplett Cynthia , Cakici Julie , Garrison Nanibaa’ , Cole Shelley , Stoner Julie A , Ohno-Machado Lucila 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Privacy-related concerns can prevent equitable participation in health research by US Indigenous communities. However, studies focused on these communities' views regarding health data privacy, including systematic reviews, are lacking.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review analyzing empirical, US-based studies involving American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NHPI) perspectives on health data privacy, which we define as the practice of maintaining the security and confidentiality of an individual’s personal health records and/or biological samples (including data derived from biological specimens, such as personal genetic information), as well as the secure and approved use of those data.

Results
Twenty-one studies involving 3234 AI/AN and NHPI participants were eligible for review. The results of this review suggest that concerns about the privacy of health data are both prevalent and complex in AI/AN and NHPI communities. Many respondents raised concerns about the potential for misuse of their health data, including discrimination or stigma, confidentiality breaches, and undesirable or unknown uses of biological specimens.

Conclusions
Participants cited a variety of individual and community-level concerns about the privacy of their health data, and indicated that these deter their willingness to participate in health research. Future investigations should explore in more depth which health data privacy concerns are most salient to specific AI/AN and NHPI communities, and identify the practices that will make the collection and use of health data more trustworthy and transparent for participants.
Determination of Ethanol Concentration in Kombucha Beverages: Single-Laboratory Validation of an Enzymatic Method, First Action Method 2019.08
Authors: Ivory Ruth , Delaney Elaine , Mangan David , McCleary Barry V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Kombucha is a fermented, lightly effervescent sweetened black or green tea drink. It is marketed as a functional beverage based on its proposed health benefits. Kombucha is produced by fermenting tea using a “symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast” (SCOBY). Kombucha is marketed as a non-alcoholic beverage, however due to the production process employed, there is a high possibility that the Kombucha products will contain low levels of ethanol. Kombucha is sold in a raw and unpasteurized form and, if kept at temperatures above 4 °C, the possibility exists that it will continue to ferment, producing ethanol. This possibility of continued fermentation may lead to an increase in ethanol content from levels below 0.5%ABV at time of production to higher levels at time of consumption. Thus, there is a potential for levels rising to greater than 0.5%ABV, the threshold for certification as a non-alcoholic beverage. It is essential that Kombucha manufacturers have the capacity to accurately and quickly test for ethanol in their products.  The Ethanol Assay Kit is an enzymatic test kit developed by Megazyme for the determination of ethanol in a variety of samples. The kit has been validated in a single laboratory for use with Kombucha fermented drinks, fruit juices, and low-alcohol beer samples. The commercially available Ethanol Assay Kit (Megazyme catalogue no. K-ETOH) contains all components required for the analysis. Quantification is based on the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and further oxidation of acetaldehyde by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase with conversion of NAD+ to NADH. The single laboratory validation (SLV) outlined in this document was performed on a sample set of eight different commercial Kombucha products purchased in Ireland, a set of five Cerilliant aqueous ethanol solutions, two BCR low-alcohol beer reference materials, two alcohol-free beer samples, and two fruit juice samples against SMPR 2016.001 (1). Parameters examined during the validation included Working range, Selectivity, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), Trueness (bias), Precision (reproducibility and repeatability), Robustness, and Stability. The Ethanol Assay is a robust, quick and easy method for the measurement of ethanol in Kombucha. Our data suggests this method is also reliable for similar matrices, such as low-alcohol beer and fruit juice. The assay meets all requirements set out in in AOAC SMPR 2016.001.
Single-Laboratory Validation for the Determination of Cocoa Flavanols and Procyanidins (by Degree of Polymerization DP1–7) in Cocoa-Based Products by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Coupled with Fluorescence Detection: First Action 2020.05
Authors: Bussy Ugo , Hewitt Gregory , Olanrewaju Yusuf , May Brian R , Anderson Nicholas , Ottaviani Javier I , Kwik-Uribe Catherine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Flavanols and procyanidins are complex bioactives found in many foods such as cocoa. As their consumption is associated with health benefits, cocoa flavanols and procyanidins are receiving increasing attention from consumers, industry, researchers, and regulators.

Objective
The objective of this study is to validate a method using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) with fluorescence detection (FLD) and a commercially available reference material for the determination of flavanols and procyanidins (CF) in cocoa-based products.

Methods
Method performances were evaluated for cocoa matrices with CF content that ranged from 0.8 to 500 mg/g, which included low CF matrices (milk and dark chocolate, cocoa powder, and liquor) and high CF matrices (cocoa extract and dietary supplement products). The method was validated in a single-laboratory by determining sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, stability, robustness, accuracy, and precision for each of the matrices.

Results
The method was validated for cocoa matrices with CF content that ranged from 0.8 to 500 mg/g. Accuracy ranged from 86 to 99% and repeatability (RSDr) from 1.5 to 8.6% for CF.

Conclusions
Analytical performances acquired through this single-laboratory validation study for a wide range of cocoa-based matrices demonstrate that this method is fit-for-purpose for the determination of flavanols and procyanidins in cocoa-based products.

Highlights
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) with fluorescence detection was successfully used to determine total CF content in multiple product types. Single-laboratory method validation results demonstrate that the method is fit for purpose for cocoa-based matrices containing &lt;0.8 to 500 mg/g of CF.
Unraveling the sugar code: the role of microbial extracellular glycans in plant–microbe interactions
Authors: Wanke Alan , Malisic Milena , Wawra Stephan , Zuccaro Alga 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo defend against microbial invaders but also to establish symbiotic programs, plants need to detect the presence of microbes through the perception of molecular signatures characteristic of a whole class of microbes. Among these molecular signatures, extracellular glycans represent a structurally complex and diverse group of biomolecules that has a pivotal role in the molecular dialog between plants and microbes. Secreted glycans and glycoconjugates such as symbiotic lipochitooligosaccharides or immunosuppressive cyclic β-glucans act as microbial messengers that prepare the ground for host colonization. On the other hand, microbial cell surface glycans are important indicators of microbial presence. They are conserved structures normally exposed and thus accessible for plant hydrolytic enzymes and cell surface receptor proteins. While the immunogenic potential of bacterial cell surface glycoconjugates such as lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycan has been intensively studied in the past years, perception of cell surface glycans from filamentous microbes such as fungi or oomycetes is still largely unexplored. To date, only few studies have focused on the role of fungal-derived cell surface glycans other than chitin, highlighting a knowledge gap that needs to be addressed. The objective of this review is to give an overview on the biological functions and perception of microbial extracellular glycans, primarily focusing on their recognition and their contribution to plant–microbe interactions.
RIN13-mediated disease resistance depends on the SNC1–EDS1/PAD4 signaling pathway in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Liu Hui , He Jingjing , Zhang Siyuan , Han Hui , Wang Zhangying , Liu Wen-Cheng , Liang Yun-Kuan , Gao Zhiyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlants have evolved an innate immune system to protect themselves from pathogen invasion with the help of intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors, though the mechanisms remain largely undefined. RIN13 (RPM1-interacting protein 13) was previously reported to enhance disease resistance, and suppress RPM1 (a CNL-type NLR)-mediated hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis via an as yet unknown mechanism. Here, we show that RIN13 is a nuclear-localized protein, and functions therein. Overexpression of RIN13 leads to autoimmunity with high accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related genes, enhanced resistance to a virulent pathogen, and dwarfism. In addition, genetic and transcriptome analyses show that SA-dependent and SA-independent pathways are both required for RIN13-mediated disease resistance, with the EDS1/PAD4 complex as an integration point. RIN13-induced dwarfism was rescued completely by either the pad4-1 or the eds1-2 mutant but partially by snc1-r1, a mutant of the TNL gene SNC1, suggesting the involvement of EDS1/PAD4 and SNC1 in RIN13 functioning. Furthermore, transient expression assays indicated that RIN13 promotes the nuclear accumulation of PAD4. Collectively, our study uncovered a signaling pathway whereby SNC1 and EDS1/PAD4 act together to modulate RIN13-triggered plant defense responses.
Under pressure: A systematic review of stress and its impact among graduate students
Authors: Cho Seongkyung , Hayter Christopher S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite increasing interest related to the role of graduate students in economic and social development, science policy scholars have overlooked the role of stress and its broader impact on the conduct of science. To motivate future empirical research, this study systematically reviews the literature on antecedents and the impact of stress among graduate students, examining thirty-four journal articles published from 2000 to 2018. We find that not only do multiple definitions of stress exist, but also that scholars have neglected broader theoretical implications and comparative dimensions of the phenomenon. While this outcome can be explained partially by the paucity of different national and disciplinary perspectives, these factors nonetheless hinder the design and implementation of effective interventions that can help graduate students reduce and manage stress levels and thus improve the conduct of science. We introduce a conceptual model of our findings and discuss implications for future research and policy.
Determinants of physical activity maintenance during the Covid-19 pandemic: a focus on fitness apps
Authors: Yang Yanxiang , Koenigstorfer Joerg 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There are various health benefits of regular physical activity (PA) and health risks of sedentariness. The Covid-19 pandemic may have decreased PA and increased sedentariness for several reasons (e.g., closure of gyms, family-related time constraints, and reduced outdoor mobility). Yet, to date, there are no longitudinal studies that examined whether the pandemic affects PA levels and what factors help people remain physically active during lockdown. This study aims to investigate changes in U.S. residents’ PA during (vs. before) the Covid-19 pandemic and predictors of changes, with a focus on PA smartphone applications (apps) and their features (i.e., motivational, educational, or gamification related). The study utilized a two-wave longitudinal survey design with an online panel. Healthy adults (N = 431) from 45 U.S. states self-reported their PA levels before and during lockdown. PA app use and app feature ratings were assessed. t-tests and regression analyses were conducted. Moderate PA, vigorous PA, and PA measured in metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes per week decreased during lockdown (all p &lt; .01). Controlling for PA before lockdown and individuals’ PA intentions, PA app use was positively related to overall change in PA, measured in MET minutes per week (β = 15.68, standard error = 7.84, p &lt; .05). PA decreased less with increasing app use frequency. When app features were added to the model, a buffering effect for gamification features was identified. The Covid-19-caused lockdown decreased U.S. residents’ PA levels by 18.2%. The use of PA apps may help buffer the decline, and gamification-related app features may be particularly helpful in this context.
Exploring Tropical Infections: A Focus on Scrub Typhus
Authors: Gill Navdip , Vaughan Stephen , Somayaji Ranjani 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTScrub typhus is caused byOrientia tsutsugamushiand has a near global prevalence. It is associated with local and systemic manifestations that lead to morbidity and mortality. Given the nonspecific presentation of fever in a returning traveler, a high index of suspicion and thorough skin examination for eschar are critical to establishing a diagnosis. Early treatment is crucial to avoid severe outcomes, further highlighting the need to include scrub typhus in differential diagnosis. An accompanying narrative case explores the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of scrub typhus.
Preventing Pressure Injuries in Nursing Home Residents Using a Low-Profile Alternating Pressure Overlay: A Point-of-Care Trial
Authors: Stone Arthur 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Pressure injuries (PIs) are a significant concern for patients with very limited mobility in skilled nursing facilities. Conflicting clinical guidelines and a lack of effectiveness data for the various support surfaces reduces the efficacy of PI prevention programs.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the preventive effectiveness (incidence of facility-acquired PIs) of a low-profile alternating pressure (AP) support surface plus facility-specific PI prevention programs in patients at high risk for PI.

DESIGN AND SETTING
Prospective, multicenter, point-of-care observational study in two for-profit nursing homes in the northeastern US.

PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION
A retrospective review of 101 residents was performed to determine baseline PI incidence. Then, a consecutive sample of 25 participants was selected based on the following eligibility criteria: high risk for PI, bedbound (20 hours or more per day), and stay in a mechanical ventilation unit for more than 5 days. The participants were placed on an AP overlay positioned above a facility-provided nonpowered reactive support surface.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
The development of any new PI (stage 1-4), deep-tissue injury, or unstageable PI in participants using the AP overlay. The PI incidence for the AP group was compared with the retrospective baseline PI incidence from the same units in the two nursing homes.

MAIN RESULTS
The group using the AP overlay had a significantly lower PI incidence (0/25, 0%) compared with baseline (22/101, 21.8%; P < .001). Almost 80% of the study participants in the AP group were completely immobile, 100% of the participants were bowel- and bladder-incontinent, their average time on the AP overlay was 140.9 ± 94.1 days, and average length of stay in the facility was 633.9 ± 1,129.1 days.

CONCLUSIONS
The low-profile AP overlay was significantly more effective than facility-specific prevention programs alone in preventing PIs in a high-risk nursing home population over an extended period.
Prenatal exposure to particulate air pollution and gestational age at delivery in Massachusetts neonates 2001–2015
Authors: Qiu Xinye , Fong Kelvin C. , Shi Liuhua , Papatheodorou Stefania , Di Qian , Just Allan , Kosheleva Anna , Messerlian Carmen , Schwartz Joel D. 
Published: September 2020

Background:There is a lack of evidence on causal effects of air pollution on gestational age (GA) at delivery.Methods:Inverse probability weighting (IPW) quantile regression was applied to derive causal marginal population-level GA reduction for GA percentiles associated with increased ambient particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) levels at maternal residential address for each trimester and the month preceding delivery using Massachusetts birth registry 2001 to 2015. Stratified analyses were conducted for neonatal sex, maternal age/race/education, and extreme ambient temperature conditions.Results:For neonates at 2.5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 97.5th percentiles of GA at delivery, we estimated an adjusted GA reduction of 4.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.4, 5.0), 1.9 days (1.6, 2.1), 1.2 days (1.0, 1.4), 0.82 days (0.72, 0.92), 0.74 days (0.54, 0.94), and 0.54 days (0.15, 0.93) for each 5 μg/m3 increment in third trimester average PM2.5levels. Final gestational month average exposure yielded a similar effect with greater magnitude. Male neonates and neonates of younger (younger than 35 years) and African American mothers as well as with high/low extreme temperature exposure in third trimester were more affected. Estimates were consistently higher at lower GA percentiles, indicating preterm/early-term births being more affected. Low-exposure analyses yielded similar results, restricting to areas with PM2.5levels under US ambient annual standard of 12 μg/m3.Conclusions:Prenatal exposure to PM2.5in late pregnancy reduced GA at delivery among Massachusetts neonates, especially among preterm/early-term births, male neonates, and neonates of younger and African American mothers. Exposure to extremely high/low temperature amplifies the effect of PM2.5on GA.
The Immune-Buffer COVID-19 Exit Strategy that Protects the Elderly
Authors: Rom-Kedar Vered , Yaniv Omer , Malka Roy , Shapiro Ehud 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeptember 12, 2020COVID-19 is a viral respiratory illness, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus with frequent symptoms of fever and shortness of breath [1]. COVID-19 has a high mortality rate among elders. The virus has spread world-wide, leading to shut-down of many countries around the globe with the aim of stopping the spread of the disease. To date, there are uncertainties regarding the main factors in the disease spread, so sever social distancing measures and broad testing are required in order to protect the population at risk. With the increasing spread of the virus, there is growing fraction of the general population that may be immune to COVID-19, following infection. This immunised cohort can be uncovered via large-scale screening for the SARS-CoV-2 (Corona) virus and/or its antibodies. We propose that this immune cohort be deployed as a buffer between the general population and the population most at risk from the disease. Here we show that under a broad range of realistic scenarios deploying such an immunized buffer between the general population and the population at risk may lead to a dramatic reduction in the number of deaths from the disease. This provides an impetus for: screening for the SARS-CoV-2 virus and/or its antibodies on the largest scale possible, and organizing at the family, community, national and international levels to protect vulnerable populations by deploying immunized buffers between them and the general population wherever possible.Declarations of interestnone