bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflectors in lighting design
Authors: Bielawny Andreas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Reflectors and lenses are common optical components used for image formation and the creation of beam patterns and light distributions. While lenses dominate imaging optics in many applications such as cameras and microscopes, reflectors are widely used in lighting and illumination optics. This article presents an overview of reflectors, including common reflector materials, modern design approaches, and applications. This article does not include information about physical and mathematical properties of reflectors; this information is thoroughly covered in optics industry and academic publications. There will be archetypes and examples discussed in the various sections of this article – neither is there any claim for completeness nor are these meant to be absolute. The intention of this article was to draw a comprehensive horizon around reflector applications and most of all their designs for lighting applications.
Weighted pseudo δ-almost automorphic functions and abstract dynamic equations
Authors: Wang Chao , Agarwal Ravi P. , O’Regan Donal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we propose the concept of a weighted pseudo
δ-almost automorphic function under the matched space for
time scales and we present some properties.
Also, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of weighted
pseudo δ-almost automorphic mild solutions to a class of
semilinear dynamic equations under the matched spaces for time
scales.
Italiani o Ottomani?
Authors: Bossaert Marie 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die jahrhundertealte Präsenz italienischer Migranten in Istanbul durchlief im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts einen tiefgreifenden Wandel, der zunächst durch den Zustrom politischer Exilanten des Risorgimento, dann großenteils durch die Wirtschaftsmigranten ausgelöst wurde. Im folgenden Artikel werden diese Bevölkerungsgruppen vor allem in ihrer zweiten Generation, das heißt an ihren im Osmanischen Reich geborenen Kindern untersucht. Ohne ein Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl vorauszusetzen, beschreibt der Artikel ihre Sozialität, ihre Loyalitäten und Identifikationen, um auf diese Weise den „italienischen“ bzw. „osmanischen Anteil“ ihrer Persönlichkeitsstruktur auf verschiedenen Ebenen und in ihren jeweiligen Ausdrucksformen zu erhellen. Nach einem Überblick über die Geschichte der italienischen Bevölkerungsgruppen analysiert der Artikel die Instrumente, die man bei der Entwicklung einer Italianität mit Blick auf die Herausbildung des italienischen Nationalstaates einsetzte (Vereine, Schule, Sprachenpolitik), arbeitet aber auch ihre Grenzen heraus. Am persönlichen Lebensweg von Angelo Scanziani, dem Sohn eines lombardischen Migranten, Sekretär und Übersetzer von Sultan Abdülhamid II., lässt sich beispielhaft aufzeigen, wie vielfältig die Loyalitäten waren und wie das Zugehörigkeitsgefühl dabei eher individuellen als nationalen Kriterien gehorchte. Aus einer solchen Perspektive verstehen sich Sprachen nicht etwa als Instrument einer ungreifbaren nationalen Identität, sondern vielmehr als einsetzbares und fruchtbringendes Kapital.
„La perduta gente“
Authors: Baumann Christiane 
Published: November 2019

Riassunto
Alla letteratura tedesca sull’Italia, sviluppatasi nel corso dell’Ottocento, si guarda ancora oggi come se fosse mera emulatrice di quella dei tempi di Goethe. In realtà, essa subì un radicale cambiamento di paradigma, passando da una visione immaginaria dell’Italia, basata sull’idealità classica, alla considerazione del paese reale. Contemporaneamente sorsero nuovi modelli. Ciò si osserva in autori come Fanny Lewald o Heinrich Laube, ma si nota anche in Richard Voß, scrittore di grande successo a cavallo dei due secoli. La sua percezione ampia e variegata dell’Italia è quasi dimenticata, oggi, e costituisce una lacuna della ricerca. La sua immagine dell’Italia fu influenzata significativamente da Lord Byron e dallo storico, scrittore e saggista Ferdinand Gregorovius, in particolare dalle sue „Passeggiate per l’Italia“. Il saggio descrive come l’approccio naturalistico di Voß all’Italia sia sorta verso la metà del 1870, proprio a partire dalla lettura critica del presente italiano, proposta da Gregorovius, e dai suoi tentativi di combinare scienze storiche e poesia. Questa prospettiva naturalistica emerge in schizzi novellistici e saggistici, in modo particolare nel volume „Erlebtes und Geschautes“ (Cose vissute e osservate), pubblicato nel 1888. Questi schizzi furono il contributo sincero e originale di Voß alla letteratura tedesca sull’Italia del XIX secolo, aspetto finora trascurato dalla ricerca.
„Möchten Sie das Programm wirklich löschen?“
Authors: Hörnschemeyer Jörg 
Published: November 2019

Riassunto
Nucleo centrale dei digital humanities (DH) è lo sviluppo e l’analisi di metodi digitali che sono finalizzati a risolvere quesiti posti nell’ambito delle scienze umanistiche. La creazione di software ne costituisce un elemento fondamentale. Mentre i dati raccolti sono di regola punto di partenza e d’arrivo della ricerca, i processi trasformativi che, basati su calcoli algoritmici, conducono dall’uno all’altro, rappresentano lo sforzo intellettuale decisivo e vanno considerati il vero risultato scientifico. Il software dedicato alla ricerca scientifica nasce di solito nel corso di un processo creativo e combinatorio molto complesso che dipende da molteplici legami con altre risorse. Il ciclo di vita del software in questione è molto più breve e molto più soggetto a influenze esterne rispetto a quello dei classici dati di ricerca. Come forma particolare dei dati di ricerca, il software pone pertanto sfide particolari al processo di sviluppo e a una gestione sostenibile dei dati. Il riconoscimento del software come risultato di ricerca, la creazione di strutture istituzionali che offrono opportunità di carriera agli sviluppatori e alle sviluppatrici, e l’integrazione del software in infrastrutture sostenibili di dati di ricerca sono la chiave per un’attività di ricerca più trasparente e più qualificata.
A proposito di tre recenti studi su Riforma in Italia e minoranze religiose nella prima età moderna
Authors: Suitner Riccarda 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Insbesondere im Licht von drei jüngst erschienenen Werken (eine Monographie und ein Sammelband) skizziert vorliegender Beitrag den Stand der Forschung über die Verbreitung der Reformation in Italien in der frühen Neuzeit und, allgemeiner, über den Status der mit der Reformation verbundenen religiösen Minderheiten. Die Besprechung der Bände ermöglicht ferner die Beurteilung von drei spezifischen Forschungsansätzen, die sich 1. auf den Nikodemismus, 2. auf das Exil religionis causa und 3. auf die materielle Kultur beziehen.
An Autonomous Mobile Robot Controlled by a Motherboard of an Android Smartphone
Authors: Barabas T. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper it is proposed, for the local control of an autonomous mobile robot, the use of only a motherboard of an Android smartphone, instead of a full smartphone. Thus, in addition to presenting the mobile robot, it is shown how the control system was conceived and achieved. The control system does not contain the display or the touchscreen of the smartphone. The motherboard is connected to the motor driver via a standard interface called “Android ADK Interface”. Motion control is performed using an Android app that is run on the motherboard and that is automatically launched at the power up of the mobile robot. The app offers the possibility of automatic detection and bypass of obstacles and was created in the Android Studio programming environment.
Path Integrals, Spontaneous Localisation, and the Classical Limit
Authors: Bhatt Bhavya , Chander Manish Ram , Patil Raj , Mishra Ruchira , Nahar Shlok , Singh Tejinder P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The measurement problem and the absence of macroscopic superposition are two foundational problems of quantum mechanics today. One possible solution is to consider the Ghirardi–Rimini–Weber (GRW) model of spontaneous localisation. Here, we describe how spontaneous localisation modifies the path integral formulation of density matrix evolution in quantum mechanics. We provide two new pedagogical derivations of the GRW propagator. We then show how the von Neumann equation and the Liouville equation for the density matrix arise in the quantum and classical limit, respectively, from the GRW path integral.
On the problem of interaction of different types of word building processes in formation of potential and occasional words.
Authors: Ponomarova L. F. 
Published: November 2019

The possibility or impossibility of their formation is determined both by systematic regularities of connection of word-building elements, and by extralinguistic conditions. The article deals with the problems of motivation and being motivated in world building processes, as well as with the types of word building processes in the formation of deverbative nouns. The interaction of various types of word formation processes in building potential and occasional words is explored.
Pragmatic essence of linguistic modality in media discourse
Authors: Haenko Victoria 
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the problem of correlation between target socio groups in media discourse. It investigates the role modality plays as pragmatic-functional aspect of discourse analysis and studies modality as means of expressing evaluative meaning. The functional aspect of this view reflects the broad objectives of functional linguistics: i.e. relating linguistic structures to social structures. The pragmatic aspect reflects an emphasis that the reader is dependent on a corresponding view of the relationship between the reader, the writer and the text. The studies of modern linguists are broadly concerned with the analysis of ideology in discourse. The article observes the effects language can have on people, whether through journalistic writing, advertising literature, politics, science. The study became an attempt to investigate how and which aspects of language play more significant roles in ideology manipulating hearers / readers. It was seen that modality has not only received little consideration at the practical level, but that it had also been handled through the process of modal categorization; i.e. at the theoretical descriptive level. The theoretical aspect of the article is based on the belief that the speech is aimed at attaining certain goals or targets. The article deals with a problem of correlation and interaction between writer and reader, speaker and hearer, text producers and social actors in the process of interpretation. The article investigates the ways the problem can be settled in view of modality as a parameter of discourse analysis to define goals for the target groups outlined above. The study in the article refers to Halliday’s overarching functions: ideational, interpersonal and textual. The article concludes that the realiser of the interpersonal function of language, modality may be used as a linguistic tool to direct and control the behavior of the people.
PECULIARITIES OF THE ORGANISATION OF THE INDEPENDENT WORK IN THE EGLISH LANGUAGE IN PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: Safonova N. A. 
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the analyses of the organization of the independent work while studying English in Primary school. The use of independent work for the pupils of the Primary school requires the application of new methods of the organization of the work in the classroom which can provide pupils’ motivation and interest. It revels new language skills which are formed during the independent work: the comprehension of the new material, the formation and application of the language skills. The independent work may have a control character and be made of some exercises aimed to check the language ability and the formation of language skills and habits. The independent work of the Primary school children was organized by the means of differnrt forms, i. e. whole class work, individual work and pair work. The article stresses that teachers’ instructions are very important during the independent work. The role of the independent work in Primary school gives the possibility to teach pupils to study, to involve them into the active research activity, that increases the education level of the lessons, helps formation and improvement of skills; the embodiment of their independent work in the teaching material, the development of the creative potential of students, their studying activity, the formation of an interesting lesson.
PECULIARITIES OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATION OF E.SETON-THOMPSON’S SHORT STORY ‘THE ВIOGRAPHY OF A GRIZZLY’
Authors: Volkova M.Yu. 
Published: November 2019

The role of Ernest Seton-Thompson as a writer who started the genre of animal short-story and his contribution into the national Canadian literature are discussed in the article. Peculiar features of animal-personages from his short-stories which are close to people were singled out. The peculiarities of the literary translation which aim is to reflect ideas, feelings transforming the author’s images with the help of another language material, the main features that make it different from a classical one were stated. Contemporary scholars who scrutinize this aspect in modern translation studies were found out. The notion of adequacy in the process of a literary text translation, the necessity and strive of the translator to reflect the sense, embodied in artistic images, to preserve genre and style and structural-compositional peculiarities of the original text in the context of comparative analysis of the literary text were noted. The differences between the original text of E.Seton-Thompson’s short-story “The Biography of a Grizzly” and its translation by М.Chukovsky were analyzed in the given article. The translation can be called adequate as some change of content and form of the original text by means of the target language did not impact into general perception of the short-story in its translation. The translator conveys the author’s ideas provoking reader‘s reaction to the story. М.Chukovsky preserved its content, the system of images and the author’s style and plot identity of the original text. Peculiarities of his translation, main structural-grammar and lexical transformations used in the translation were marked. Among the most frequently used transformation techniques actual division of the sentence, grammar changes, change of the sentence parts, concretization, generalization, addition, omission and antonymic translation are noted.
UKRAINIAN REALIA OF THE XIX CENTURY AND ITS TRANSLATION (BASED ON THE POEM “KATERINA” BY TARAS SHEVCHENKO)
Authors: Panchenko E.I. 
Published: November 2019

The article is written in line with current research, since the problem of studying Ukrainian realities is of unquestionable interest for several reasons. First, understanding the realities will promote bettermutual understanding of different peoples; and secondly, the definition of optimal means of translating the realities is a definite contribution to the general theory of translation. Different types of real-world classifications are proposed, the difficulties associated with the adequate transfer into the translated text of an entire array of cultural information encoded in the realities contained in the origina text are investigated. Basing on the analysis of numerous translations of literary works, Ukrainian researchers (R. Zorivchak, V. Koptilov, O. Kundzich, O. Cherednichenko, etc.) show ways to overcome linguistic obstacles caused by cultural differences. But, as far as we know, the problem of the translation of Ukrainian realities in the works of T. Shevchenko is not yet exhaustively highlighted. The purpose of this article is to analyze the peculiarities of the use of realities in the work of Taras Shevchenko "Katerina" and their translation into English. We have given an ideographic classification of lexical units - Ukrainian realities in fiction and analyzed such means of their translation as calque, renomination, transcription with explanation, the introduction of neologism, the principle of generic-species replacement, which allows conveying (approximately) the content of the realities by a broader, general meaning, that is, the reception of generalization. The results of our analysis allow us to make an ideographic classification of Ukrainian realities that are used in fiction, as well as to summarize the prevalence of their means of translation. Prospects for further research are seen in the analysis of certain translation failures in the translation of realities and to offer the best options for their translation.
GRAPHIC MEANS IN THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE EXPRESSIVE COMPRESSED TEXTS
Authors: Lysenko Natalya 
Published: November 2019

This article deals with the consideration of functioning of graphic means on the basis of the English-language expressive compressed texts. The types of abbreviations as well as other graphic peculiarities of the information presentation in the text have been investigated, using examples of English advertising texts, anecdotes, aphorisms, and contemporary American literature. English-language compressed texts have both leading and subordinate features. Their leading feature is increased informational saturation, while the subordinate signs usually include abbreviations, lack of auxiliary and emotionally coloured words. Among the main graphic means used in the English-language compressed texts, various cuts of words in the form of abbreviations, traditional or specific reductions should be noted. One can also mention a special system of the location of the material, which allows to highlight the main information and omit the secondary, significantly reducing the volume. The use of footnotes also helps to save a certain amount of text array. Punctuation marks in compressed text not only make it possible to reduce a certain part of the information, but may also carry additional information load. In general, the use of the mentioned graphic means in English-language compressed texts have been analyzed, the peculiarities of their functioning have been revealed in the article. As the perspectives of the research, it was offered to identify and investigate the existing graphic means in other types of the English-language compressed texts.
GAMBARAN AKTUALISASI DIRI PENYANDANG TUNA NETRA (Studi pada Boy Sandi Penyanyi Minang)
Authors: Hasneli Hasneli , Riska Fitra Meri Aulia 
Published: November 2019

Penderita tuna netra sejak lahir, dengan berbagai kemampuan yang dimilikinya mampu mengaktualisasikan dirinya dengan baik. Dia bangkit dengan terus menggali potensi-potensi yang terdapat dalam dirinya dan berupaya mengembangkan potensi tersebut semaksimal mungkin walaupun berawal dari ketidakmungkinan dan menghadapi berbagai rintangan, yang berat, akan tetapi semua proses yang dilalui akhirnya mengantarkannya kepada pencapaian aktualisasi diri yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran aktualisasi diri yang dilakukan oleh Boy Sandi dan faktor yang mendorong Boy Sandi mengaktualisasikan diri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan teknik purposive sampling sebagai penetapan sampel. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah Boy Sandi dan sebagai informan adalah istri Boy Sandi, ibu mertua dan tetangganya. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Boy Sandi mampu mencapai tingkat kebutuhan tertinggi yaitu aktualisasi diri. Dalam hal ini Boy Sandi adalah orang yang terbuka pada pengalaman, memiliki kehidupan eksistensial, memiliki kepercayaan diri, kreatif, spontanitas dan memiliki sifat humor. Faktor yang mendorong Boy Sandi mampu mengaktualisasikan diri adalah karena Boy Sandi mampu menerima takdir Allah tanpa menyesali diri dengan kekurangan yang dimiliki disertai dengan keinginan dari dalam diri, kegigihan, semangat, cita-cita. Di samping itu karena faktor ekonomi dan orientasi masa depan serta adanya dukungan sosial dari orang-orang terdekatnya.
PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE 21ST CENTURY: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: Zasemkova O. F. 
Published: November 2019

In the context of integration, globalization and increasing complexity of private law relations complicated by a foreign element, private international law acquires special importance. Being influenced by the processes named above, it is not only rapidly developing and acquiring new directions for development. Private international law is also facing new global challenges. In this regard, the article attempts to analyze the main trends in the development of private international law in the 21st century revealing new trends and threats that it may face in modern conditions.Based on the results of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the main trends in the development of private international law include the expansion of the scope of its application, as well as the unification and harmonization carried out within the framework of various international organizations at both universal and regional levels. The Hague Conference on Private International Law and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) play the most important role in this process. Finally, one more important trend in the development of private international law is constituted by the attempt to adapt to new, rapidly changing realities leading to a substantial modernization of the methods of cross-border private law disputes resolution.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN CROSS-BORDER RELATIONS IN THE PRESENT-DAY CONDITIONS
Authors: Shahnazarov B. A. 
Published: November 2019

The author has investigated the basic principles of industrial property protection in their dynamic development in cross-border relations. The author elucidates the territorial principle of industrial property protection in the context of the necessity to overcome it. It is noted that in most industrial property cases the principle of territoriality (territorial independence of protection in respect of objects of industrial property) is more often used as compared with copyright cases.In fact, States create certain conditions for overcoming the (partial) territorial principle of protection when, at the international level, international protection mechanisms are being developed to protect industrial property. The creation of such mechanisms obliges the States to recognize declaratory documents (international applications) and single sign-ons (international registrations), to provide protection to the facility that has been granted protection abroad (e.g. in the case of appellation of origin or geographical indication registered in the country of origin). Indeed, such an overcoming is conditional, but it always reflects the interests of applicants and rights holders and seems to be extremely important in the modern context of globalization, expanding markets and cross-border technology exchange.At the same time, at the current stage of development of the system of the legal regulation of industrial property in cross-border relations, the principle of national treatment on the basis of unified action of international mechanisms applied for the industrial property protection has been partly transformed into the principle of the international treatment extending the common rules for establishing rights to industrial property on actors from a large number of countries.It would be possible to speak about overcoming the territorial principle of protection if the fundamental principle of protection of industrial property — the principle of national treatment — were transformed into the principle of international treatment.The author highlights an important character of the principle of conventional priority and the need for its extension to other objects of industrial property except for those in respect of which priority is not inherently possible (appellations of origin, geographical indications, indications of origin). The problem of implementation of the principle of exhibition priority has been explored separately.