bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High performance liquid metal thermal interface materials
Authors: Chen Sen , Deng Zhongshan , Liu Jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Conventional thermal interface materials (TIMs) as widely used in thermal management area is inherently limited by their relatively low thermal conductivity. From an alternative, the newly emerging liquid metal based thermal interface materials (LM-TIMs) open a rather promising way, which can pronouncedly improve the thermal contact resistance and offers tremendous opportunities for making powerful thermal management materials. The LM-TIMs thus prepared exhibits superior thermal conductivity over many conventional TIMs which guarantees its significant application prospect. And the nanoparticles mediated or tuned liquid metal further enable ever conductive LM-TIMs which suggests the ultimate goal of thermal management. In this review, a systematic interpretation on the basic features of LM-TIMs was presented. Representative exploration and progress on LM-TIMs were summarized. Typical approaches toward nanotechnology enhanced high performance LM-TIMs were illustrated. The perspect of this new generation thermal management material were outlined. Some involved challenges were raised. This work is expected to provide a guide line for future research in this field.
Tunable transverse spin–motion coupling for quantum information processing
Authors: West Adam D , Putnam Randall , Campbell Wesley C , Hamilton Paul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Laser-controlled entanglement between atomic qubits (‘spins’) and collective motion in trapped ion Coulomb crystals requires conditional momentum transfer from the laser. Since the spin-dependent force is derived from a spatial gradient in the spin–light interaction, this force is typically longitudinal—parallel and proportional to the average laser k-vector (or two beams’ k-vector difference), which constrains both the direction and relative magnitude of the accessible spin–motion coupling. Here, we show how momentum can also be transferred perpendicular to a single laser beam due to the gradient in its transverse profile. By controlling the transverse gradient at the position of the ion through beam shaping, the relative strength of the sidebands and carrier can be tuned to optimize the desired interaction and suppress undesired, off-resonant effects that can degrade gate fidelity. We also discuss how this effect may already be playing an unappreciated role in recent experiments.
Further improvements of Askey-Steinig’s inequalities for finite sums involving sine and cosine
Authors: Alzer Horst , Kwong Man 
Published: November 2020

In 1974, Askey and Steinig proved that for all

n
≥
0

n\geq 0

and

x
∈
(
0
,
2
π
)

x\in (0,2\pi )

the trigonometric sums

sin
⁡
(
x

/

4
)

1

+

sin
⁡
(
5
x

/

4
)

2

+
⋯
+

sin
⁡
(
(
4
n
+
1
)
x

/

4
)

n
+
1

\begin{equation*} \frac {\sin (x/4)}{1}+\frac {\sin (5x/4)}{2}+\cdots + \frac {\sin ((4n+1)x/4)}{n+1} \end{equation*}

and

cos
⁡
(
x

/

4
)

1

+

cos
⁡
(
5
x

/

4
)

2

+
⋯
+

cos
⁡
(
(
4
n
+
1
)
x

/

4
)

n
+
1

\begin{equation*} \frac {\cos (x/4)}{1}+\frac {\cos (5x/4)}{2}+\cdots + \frac {\cos ((4n+1)x/4)}{n+1} \end{equation*}

are positive. Recently, the Askey-Steinig inequalities were improved by the present authors. In this paper, we further improve these inequalities and provide new sharp upper and lower bounds for the two sums given above.
A Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis of Military-Connected Spousal Abuse Survivor Narratives
Authors: Highfill M Christine , Chen Zhirui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Domestic abuse in the military context is studied worldwide; however, few studies explore the experience from the perspective of civilian survivor spouses. This qualitative interpretative meta-synthesis (QIMS) investigates how the survivors of military-connected spousal abuse (MCSA) conceptualise their identity. We conducted a QIMS of eight studies from the UK and USA. Developed by a social worker to expand understanding of a topic without exposing vulnerable populations to further risk, the QIMS method synthesises results from several qualitative studies into a new synergistic whole. Utilising Bronfenbrenner and Morris’s ecological model as an organizing framework, we identified one overarching theme with three supporting themes, best described by Meghan, an American Soldier’s wife: ‘Do the good little robot wife – keep your mouth shut, do what you’re told, or there’s consequences’. Our findings provide a compass for future social work research to include examining MCSA survivors’ distal identities and the impact of macrospheric narratives on identity formation. Understanding military-related domestic abuse from a survivor’s perspective also informs social work practice and military policy.
Trends in Comorbidities Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Hospital Admissions in New York City from 2006–2016
Authors: Rowell-Cunsolo Tawandra L , Hu Gloria , Bellerose Meghan , Liu Jianfang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to the advent and success of antiretroviral therapy, the number of people living and aging with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has grown substantially. Although people living with HIV (PLHIV) are experiencing longer life expectancies, this achievement may be undermined by increasing and disproportionate chronic disease burden among PLHIV.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of adult (≥18 years) inpatient hospital discharges from a large hospital system in the New York City, New York metropolitan area, between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2016. We aimed to investigate (1) changes in the prevalence of Charlson-defined comorbidities among PLHIV hospitalized between 2006 and 2016 and (2) changes in the unadjusted prevalence ratio (PR) of comorbidities in HIV-positive versus HIV-negative admissions over time.ResultsOf 898 139 hospital admissions from 2006–2016, 19 039 (2.1%) were HIV positive. Across all admissions during the study period, the greatest comorbidity disparities between HIV-positive and HIV-negative admissions were mild liver disease (PR, 4.9 [95% confidence interval, 4.8–5.1]), moderate or severe liver disease (PR, 2.2 [2.0–2.4]), and chronic pulmonary disease (PR, 1.8 [1.8–1.8]).ConclusionsThe prevalence and relative burden of comorbidities among hospitalized PLHIV are changing over time. Careful monitoring and intensive discharge planning may be effective strategies for addressing the evolving health needs of PLHIV.
Impact of mothers' early life exposure to low or high folate on progeny outcome and DNA methylation patterns
Authors: Ly Lundi , Chan Donovan , Landry Mylène , Angle Camille , Martel Josée , Trasler Jacquetta 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The dynamic patterning of DNA and histone methylation during oocyte development presents a potentially susceptible time for epigenetic disruption due to early life environmental exposure of future mothers. We investigated whether maternal exposure to folic acid deficient and supplemented diets starting in utero could affect oocytes and cause adverse developmental and epigenetic effects in next generation progeny. Female BALB/c mice (F0) were placed on one of four amino acid defined diets for 4 weeks before pregnancy and throughout gestation and lactation: folic acid control (rodent recommended daily intake; Ctrl), 7-fold folic acid deficient, 10-fold folic acid supplemented or 20-fold folic acid supplemented diets. F1 female pups were weaned onto Ctrl diets, mated to produce the F2 generation and the F2 offspring were examined at E18.5 for developmental and epigenetic abnormalities. Resorption rates were increased and litter sizes decreased amongst F2 E18.5-day litters in the 20-fold folic acid supplemented group. Increases in abnormal embryo outcomes were observed in all three folic acid deficient and supplemented groups. Subtle genome-wide DNA methylation alterations were found in the placentas and brains of F2 offspring in the 7-fold folic acid deficient , 10-fold folic acid supplemented and 20-fold folic acid supplemented groups; in contrast, global and imprinted gene methylation were not affected. The findings show that early life female environmental exposures to both low and high folate prior to oocyte maturation can compromise oocyte quality, adversely affecting offspring of the next generation, in part by altering DNA methylation patterns.
A case of successful ablation of ventricular ectopic focus from the superior tricuspid annulus through the internal jugular vein: a case report
Authors: Sultankhonov Sardorkhon , Nedios Sotirios , Salayev Oybek , Hamrayev Ramish 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Symptomatic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are a common clinical problem. Although most of ventricular ectopic foci can be easily ablated, some are very challenging and require special manoeuvers. This case report presents an approach to improve electrode stability during ablation.

Case summary
A 19-year-old Asian male patient presented with frequent symptomatic PVCs having an inferior axis, left bundle branch morphology, and R/S transition in V4. Structural heart disease was excluded by echocardiography and general blood tests were normal. The treatment with a class Ic antiarrhythmic (ethacizine) over 2 months was ineffective and the patient was admitted for radiofrequency ablation. Activation mapping revealed a PVC focus in the superior part of the tricuspid annulus, but the femoral access approach resulted in frequent dislocation of the ablation tip. An internal jugular vein approach though resulted in improved stability and successful elimination of the PVC.

Discussion
In cases with PVCs from the superior portions of the right heart, stability of the electrode may be improved by a jugular venous access.
High-resolution palaeomagnetic results of Ethiopian trap series from Lima Limo section: implications for the Oligocene geomagnetic field behaviour and timing of volcanism
Authors: Ahn Hyeon-Seon , Kidane Tesfaye , Otofuji Yo-ichiro , Yamamoto Yuhji , Ishikawa Naoto , Yoshimura Yutaka 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARY
We present high-resolution palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic results from 92 successive volcanic units on a 2 km tall Lima Limo (LL) section of the Oligocene Ethiopian flood basalts (OEFB). A total of 85 well-defined flow-mean characteristic remanent magnetization directions representing seven stable magnetic polarity zones with six transitional/excursional directions were determined. These results indicate the identification of four more polarity reversals than previous palaeomagnetic studies; the resulting magnetostratigraphy has, therefore, more polarity zonation. Comparison of this result with the most recently revised geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS, hereafter GPTS2016), by using available radiometric age data, could not find a unique correlation. Instead, it strongly suggests the recording of at least one very brief polarity chron or putative geomagnetic excursion. Our magnetostratigraphic interpretation infers that the relative timing between the OEFB eruptions and the Oi-2 global cooling estimated two possible scenarios: one where the lowermost reverse-polarity (R1) interval for the LL section is correlated to Chron C11r of GPTS2016, same as the interpretations of earlier studies, would make a causal linkage between the OEFB eruptions and the Oi-2 cooling less possible; and, the eruption timing estimated in another scenario correlating the R1 to Chron C12r might preserve the probability of its causal influence in the Oi-2 cooling. The resulting overall mean pole for the LL section of this study, 78.2° N in latitude and 213.0° E in longitude (A95 = 3.4°, N = 79), is closer to other co-eval palaeomagnetic poles from different regions and the reference pole of Africa. Our analysis of geomagnetic palaeosecular variation (PSV) shows that, compared to the Plio-Pleistocene, the Early Oligocene has higher degrees of PSV but its slightly weaker latitude dependence.
Use of Lisdexamfetamine or Amphetamine? Interpretation of Chiral Amphetamine Analyses
Authors: Chermá Maria D , Nilsson Gunnel H , Johansson Anna , Jönsson Anna K , Ahlner Johan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Amphetamine is frequently detected in forensic toxicological cases. Differentiating between the two isomers of amphetamine (d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine) and determining their relative proportion are fundamental to correctly interpret the results of toxicological analyses. The aim of this study was to examine the profile of amphetamine as well as storage stability of the isomers in authentic samples from patients chronically treated with lisdexamfetamine (LDX), the most prescribed medical amphetamine product in Sweden. Blood and urine samples were collected from 18 patients. The samples were analyzed with an achiral (racemate) method for quantification of amphetamine and with a chiral method to determine the proportion of each isomer of amphetamine. The median daily dose of LDX was 40 mg (range, 20–70 mg). The median amphetamine concentration was 0.06 µg/g (range, 0.02–0.15 µg/g) in blood and 6 µg/mL (range, 1–22 µg/mL) in urine. Only d-amphetamine was found in the blood and urine samples from the included patients. Furthermore, no formation of l-amphetamine occurred during the storage for 3 months at 4°C, 9 months at −20°C and three freeze–thaw cycles. The results from this study may be helpful in the interpretation of whether the source of identified amphetamine in biological samples is from LDX drug intake or not.
Star formation history of the solar neighbourhood as told by Gaia
Authors: Alzate Jairo A , Bruzual Gustavo , Díaz-González Daniel J 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The Gaia data release 2 (DR2) catalogue is the best source of stellar astrometric and photometric data available today. The history of the Milky Way galaxy is written in stone in this data set. Parallaxes and photometry tell us where the stars are today, when were they formed, and with what chemical content, that is, their star formation history (SFH). We develop a Bayesian hierarchical model suited to reconstruct the SFH of a resolved stellar population. We study the stars brighter than $G\, =\, 15$ within 100 pc of the Sun in Gaia DR2 and derive an SFH of the solar neighbourhood in agreement with previous determinations and improving upon them because we detect chemical enrichment. Our results show a maximum of star formation activity about 10 Gyr ago, producing large numbers of stars with slightly below solar metallicity (Z  =  0.014), followed by a decrease in star formation up to a minimum level occurring around 8 Gyr ago. After a quiet period, star formation rises to a maximum at about 5 Gyr ago, forming stars of solar metallicity (Z  =  0.017). Finally, star formation has been decreasing until the present, forming stars of Z  =  0.03 at a residual level. We test the effects introduced in the inferred SFH by ignoring the presence of unresolved binary stars in the sample, reducing the apparent limiting magnitude, and modifying the stellar initial mass function.
An iterative reconstruction algorithm for Faraday tomography
Authors: Cooray Suchetha , Takeuchi Tsutomu T , Akahori Takuya , Miyashita Yoshimitsu , Ideguchi Shinsuke , Takahashi Keitaro , Ichiki Kiyotomo 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Faraday tomography offers crucial information on the magnetized astronomical objects, such as quasars, galaxies, or galaxy clusters, by observing its magnetoionic media. The observed linear polarization spectrum is inverse Fourier transformed to obtain the Faraday dispersion function (FDF), providing us a tomographic distribution of the magnetoionic media along the line of sight. However, this transform gives a poor reconstruction of the FDF because of the instrument’s limited wavelength coverage. The current Faraday tomography techniques’ inability to reliably solve the above inverse problem has noticeably plagued cosmic magnetism studies. We propose a new algorithm inspired by the well-studied area of signal restoration, called the Constraining and Restoring iterative Algorithm for Faraday Tomography (craft). This iterative model-independent algorithm is computationally inexpensive and only requires weak physically motivated assumptions to produce high fidelity FDF reconstructions. We demonstrate an application for a realistic synthetic model FDF of the Milky Way, where craft shows greater potential over other popular model-independent techniques. The dependence of observational frequency coverage on the various techniques’ reconstruction performance is also demonstrated for a simpler FDF. craft exhibits improvements even over model-dependent techniques (i.e. QU-fitting) by capturing complex multiscale features of the FDF amplitude and polarization angle variations within a source. The proposed approach will be of utmost importance for future cosmic magnetism studies, especially with broad-band polarization data from the Square Kilometre Array and its precursors. We make the craft code publicly available†.
Nearest neighbour distributions: New statistical measures for cosmological clustering
Authors: Banerjee Arka , Abel Tom 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The use of summary statistics beyond the two-point correlation function to analyse the non-Gaussian clustering on small scales, and thereby, increasing the sensitivity to the underlying cosmological parameters, is an active field of research in cosmology. In this paper, we explore a set of new summary statistics – the k-Nearest Neighbour Cumulative Distribution Functions (kNN-CDF). This is the empirical cumulative distribution function of distances from a set of volume-filling, Poisson distributed random points to the k-nearest data points, and is sensitive to all connected N-point correlations in the data. The kNN-CDF can be used to measure counts in cell, void probability distributions, and higher N-point correlation functions, all using the same formalism exploiting fast searches with spatial tree data structures. We demonstrate how it can be computed efficiently from various data sets – both discrete points, and the generalization for continuous fields. We use data from a large suite of N-body simulations to explore the sensitivity of this new statistic to various cosmological parameters, compared to the two-point correlation function, while using the same range of scales. We demonstrate that the use of kNN-CDF improves the constraints on the cosmological parameters by more than a factor of 2 when applied to the clustering of dark matter in the range of scales between 10 and $40\, h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$. We also show that relative improvement is even greater when applied on the same scales to the clustering of haloes in the simulations at a fixed number density, both in real space, as well as in redshift space. Since the kNN-CDF are sensitive to all higher order connected correlation functions in the data, the gains over traditional two-point analyses are expected to grow as progressively smaller scales are included in the analysis of cosmological data, provided the higher order correlation functions are sensitive to cosmology on the scales of interest.
Woven Endobridge Embolization Versus Microsurgical Clipping for Unruptured Anterior Circulation Aneurysms: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Goertz Lukas , Liebig Thomas , Siebert Eberhard , Pennig Lenhard , Laukamp Kai Roman , Celik Erkan , Timmer Marco , Brinker Gerrit , Schlamann Marc , Goldbrunner Roland , Dorn Franziska , Krischek Boris , Kabbasch Christoph 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Intrasaccular flow-disruption represents a new paradigm in endovascular treatment of wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively compare Woven Endobridge (WEB) embolization with microsurgical clipping for unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms using propensity score adjustment.

METHODS
A total of 63 patients treated with WEB and 103 patients treated with clipping were compared based on the intention-to-treat principle. The primary outcome measures were immediate technical treatment success, major adverse events, and 6-mo complete aneurysm occlusion.

RESULTS
The technical success rates were 83% for WEB and 100% for clipping. Procedure-related complications occurred more often in the clipping group (13%) than the WEB group (6%, adjusted P < .01). However, the rates of major adverse events were comparable in both groups (WEB: 3%, clip: 4%, adjusted P = .53). At the 6-mo follow-up, favorable functional outcomes were achieved in 98% of the WEB embolization group and 99% of the clipping group (adjusted P = .19). Six-month complete aneurysm occlusion was obtained in 75% of the WEB group and 94% of the clipping group (adjusted P < .01).

CONCLUSION
Microsurgical clipping was associated with higher technical success and complete occlusion rates, whereas WEB had a lower complication rate. Favorable functional outcomes were achieved in ≥98% of both groups. The decision to use a specific treatment modality should be made on an individual basis and in accordance with the patient's preferences.
Preoperative and early postoperative seizures in patients with glioblastoma—two sides of the same coin?
Authors: Ahmadipour Yahya , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Santos Alejandro , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Lazaridis Lazaros , Quesada Carlos M , Junker Andreas , Pierscianek Daniela , Dammann Philipp , Wrede Karsten H , Scheffler Björn , Glas Martin , Stuschke Martin , Sure Ulrich , Jabbarli Ramazan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSymptomatic epilepsy is a common symptom of glioblastoma, which may occur in different stages of disease. There are discrepant reports on association between early seizures and glioblastoma survival, even less is known about the background of these seizures. We aimed at analyzing the risk factors and clinical impact of perioperative seizures in glioblastoma.MethodsAll consecutive cases with de-novo glioblastoma treated at our institution between 01/2006 and 12/2018 were eligible for this study. Perioperative seizures were stratified into seizures at onset (SAO) and early postoperative seizures (EPS, ≤21days after surgery). Associations between patients characteristics and overall survival (OS) with SAO and EPS were addressed.ResultsIn the final cohort (n = 867), SAO and EPS occurred in 236 (27.2%) and 67 (7.7%) patients, respectively. SAO were independently predicted by younger age (P = .009), higher KPS score (P = .002), tumor location (parietal lobe, P = .001), GFAP expression (≥35%, P = .045), and serum chloride at admission (&gt;102 mmol/L, P = .004). In turn, EPS were independently associated with tumor location (frontal or temporal lobe, P = .013) and pathologic laboratory values at admission (hemoglobin &lt; 12 g/dL, [P = .044], CRP &gt; 1.0 mg/dL [P = 0.036], and GGT &gt; 55 U/L [P = 0.025]). Finally, SAO were associated with gross-total resection (P = .006) and longer OS (P = .030), whereas EPS were related to incomplete resection (P = .005) and poorer OS (P = .009).ConclusionsIn glioblastoma patients, SAO and EPS seem to have quite different triggers and contrary impact on treatment success and OS. The clinical characteristics of SAO and EPS patients might contribute to the observed survival differences.
Epidemiology of spinal cord and column tumors
Authors: Wewel Joshua T , O’Toole John E 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe spine is a frequent location for metastatic disease. As local control of primary tumor pathology continues to improve, survival rates improve and, by extension, the opportunity for metastasis increases. Breast, lung, and prostate cancer are the leading contributors to spinal metastases. Spinal metastases can manifest as bone pain, pathologic fractures, spinal instability, nerve root compression, and, in its most severe form, spinal cord compression. The global extent of disease, the spinal burden, neurologic status, and life expectancy help to categorize patients as to their candidacy for treatment options. Efficient identification and workup of those with spinal metastases will expedite the treatment cascade and improve quality of life.