bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disconnect to detox: a study of smartphone addiction among young adults in India
Authors: Handa Meenakshi , Ahuja Parul 
Published: April 2020

PurposeAlthough there are many benefits that technological progress offers, there is also a dark side to several innovations. This study aims to examine smartphone usage amongst young Indian adults and identify likely antecedents and consequences of addictive smartphone usage behaviour.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data, through an online structured questionnaire, was collected from 240 smartphone users. The survey was conducted among college students between 18-25 years of age. Structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed research framework.FindingsThe results show that almost 25 per cent of respondents had high scores on the smartphone addiction scale. The respondents spend most of their time on applications such as WhatsApp and other social networking sites. The findings indicate fear of missing out to be a predictor of problematic smartphone usage behaviour. Further, the study points to poorer quality of sleep as a consequence of high smartphone usage.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the findings of the study, the importance of digital detoxification has been highlighted. Further, recommendations have been made to discourage excessive smartphone usage and avoid the resulting negative consequences.Originality/valueWith the increasing usage of smartphones, there is a need to study addictive behaviour amongst sections of the population, specially those which tend to be more vulnerable. The study examines the extent of smartphone addictive behaviour amongst young Indian adults and identifies antecedents and consequences of such behaviour.
Past, present and future distributions of bumblebees in South America: Identifying priority species and areas for conservation
Authors: Krechemer Flavia da Silva , Marchioro Cesar Augusto 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Climate change has been commonly associated with a decline of bumblebee populations around the world. However, most information regarding the impacts of climate change on bumblebees is derived from North America and Europe, and little is known about South American species.

Here we applied ecological niche modelling techniques to estimate the past, present and future distributions of six Bombus species found in South America. These data were used to estimate climatically stable areas (CSAs) for each species and, combined with information on land cover and protected area network, identify species and areas for the conservation of these important pollinators.

The models predicted a reduction in climatically suitable habitats from Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present for most species. Similarly, all species were predicted to lose climatically suitable areas in future climate scenarios, ranging from 9% to 78%, depending on the species and climate change scenario.

The percentage of legally protected CSAs varied between 4.0% and 48.2% among species, mainly due to differences in the protected area network among the biomes in which they occur. A significant portion of the distribution range of most species includes agricultural areas, which likely increases bumblebee exposure to pesticides.

Based on the estimated habitat loss due to climate change, as well as from land cover and protected area, our results indicate that Bombus bellicosus, Bombus brevivillus and Bombus brasiliensis are the most endangered species of those evaluated.

Synthesis and applications. Our findings provide a framework for conservation strategies of six species of South American bumblebees, by prioritizing species and areas for conservation considering their distribution range and the climatically stable areas under different climate change scenarios.
What are you hiding? Employee attributions for pay secrecy policies
Authors: Montag‐Smit Tamara A. , Smit Brandon W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examines the effect of three dimensions of pay secrecy policies (i.e., distributive nondisclosure, communication restriction, procedural nondisclosure) on employee trust in management. Drawing from HR attributions research, we propose that these pay secrecy policies are positively related to malevolent attributions and negatively related to benevolent attributions. We tested our model with 317 employees and found that attributions generally mediated the relationships between pay secrecy and trust. Employee preferences for sharing pay information moderated some of these relationships; those who are unwilling to share personal pay information did not make negative attributions of secretive distributive pay policies. Overall, these findings demonstrate the value employee attributions of organisational pay policies have for our understanding of employee trust formation.
Longevity Relatives Count score identifies heritable longevity carriers and suggests case improvement in genetic studies
Authors: van den Berg Niels , Rodríguez‐Girondo Mar , Mandemakers Kees , Janssens Angelique A. P. O. , Beekman Marian , Slagboom P. Eline 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLoci associated with longevity are likely to harbor genes coding for key players of molecular pathways involved in a lifelong decreased mortality and decreased/compressed morbidity. However, identifying such loci is challenging. One of the most plausible reasons is the uncertainty in defining long‐lived cases with the heritable longevity trait among long‐living phenocopies. To avoid phenocopies, family selection scores have been constructed, but these have not yet been adopted as state of the art in longevity research. Here, we aim to identify individuals with the heritable longevity trait by using current insights and a novel family score based on these insights. We use a unique dataset connecting living study participants to their deceased ancestors covering 37,825 persons from 1,326 five‐generational families, living between 1788 and 2019. Our main finding suggests that longevity is transmitted for at least two subsequent generations only when at least 20% of all relatives are long‐lived. This proves the importance of family data to avoid phenocopies in genetic studies.
Personality traits in substance use disorders and obesity when compared to healthy controls
Authors: Ramirez Veronica , Wiers Corinde E. , Wang Gene‐Jack , Volkow Nora D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough personality traits are implicated in substance use disorders (SUDs) and obesity, differences and similarities between them have not been assessed. Our main aim was to compare personality traits between people with different SUDs, obese people and healthy controls.DesignThis was a secondary analysis of personality scores obtained from participants in neuroimaging studies from Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health.SettingUnited States.Participants/CasesIndividuals with obesity (OB) n = 41, alcohol use disorder (AUD) n = 39, marijuana use disorder (MUD) n = 24, cocaine use disorder (CUD) n = 100, and healthy controls (HC) n = 117 (237 males and 84 females).MeasurementsThe Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, which characterizes positive emotionality (PEM), negative emotionality (NEM) and constraint (CON) traits. Adjusted covariates included cigarette smoking status, age, gender and body mass index (BMI).FindingsMultivariate analysis of covariance showed a main group effect (i.e. OB, AUD, MUD, CUD and HC) only on NEM (P < 0.0001, η2 = 0.17) and CON (P = 0.005, η2 = 0.12). Specifically, NEM was higher in AUD (P < 0.0001, d = 10.4), CUD (P < 0.0001, d = 8.2) and MUD (P = 0.001, d = 9.2), but not in OB (P > 0.05, d = 2.8) relative to HC. CUD showed lower CON (P = 0.015, d = 5.4) and PEM (P = 0.018, d = 4.8) than HC; however, these differences were not significant in the other groups. NEM and CON were negatively correlated for groups combined (r = −0.26, P < 0.0001), and separately for OB (r = −0.49, P = 0.001) and CUD (r = −0.22, P = 0.03). Cigarette smoking status did not influence group differences in NEM, PEM or CON.ConclusionsCompared with healthy controls, people with substance use disorders appear to show higher negative emotionality, and people with cocaine use disorders appear to show lower positive emotionality and constraint traits. Similar findings were not found among people with obesity.
Evaluation of potential trap plant species for the wheat bug Nysius huttoni (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) in forage brassicas
Authors: Tiwari Sundar , Saville David J. , Sharma Sheela , Shields Morgan W. , Wratten Stephen D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The wheat bug Nysius huttoni is a major pest of brassica seedlings. Management of this insect currently relies on seed treatment with neonicotinoids and spraying with chlorpyrifos and pyrethroid insecticides. These practices can generate severe external costs, including human health, the environment and biodiversity. Trap cropping is one alternative option to protect brassica seedlings from N. huttoni.
Trap crop species evaluated in field cage experiments were: alyssum (Lobularia maritima L. Desvauxcv. Benthamii White), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Morph), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L. cv. Santo) and clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Nomad). These were compared with kale (Brassica oleracea L. cv. Kestrel). In open‐field experiments, alyssum (L maritima), wheat (T. aestivum) and a mixture of alyssum (L. maritima) and wheat (T. aestivum) were used. All of these were compared to kale (B. oleracea).
Alyssum and wheat were the most favoured potential trap plants for N. huttoni. Results indicated that two treatments: alyssum (used as a single trap crop) or ‘alyssum plus wheat’ (a multiple trap crop), may be useful in brassica fields to protect the seedlings from N. huttoni damage.
Such a trap cropping protocol potentially reduces pesticide use in forage brassicas and can also deliver multiple ecosystem services such as biological control of insect pests.
Excessive Spending in a “Free‐to‐Play” Smartphone Game
Authors: Kleinman Robert A. , Das Smita 
Published: April 2020

Background and ObjectivesAlthough gaming disorder is increasingly recognized, there has been limited consideration of the impact of free‐to‐play games with in‐game purchases, also called microtransactions.MethodsCase report (n = 1).ResultsA patient with posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder in remission, polysubstance use disorders in remission, and opioid use disorder on buprenorphine/naloxone developed gaming disorder (based on International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision) and spent up to 40% of his monthly income on microtransactions within a smartphone game. Treatment consisted of relinquishing access to electronic payment mechanisms, motivational interviewing, and couples therapy.Discussion and ConclusionsThe case highlights how in‐game purchases may cause patients with gaming disorder to experience financial consequences, and the need for further characterization of the clinical ramifications of microtransactions.Scientific SignificanceTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the medical literature of a patient with gaming disorder developing excessive in‐game spending from expenditures on microtransactions. (Am J Addict 2020;29:528–530)
Introduction of surgeon‐performed ultrasound to a head and neck clinic: indications, diagnostic adequacy and a new clinic model?
Authors: Flatman Samuel , Kwok Matthew Ming Kei , Magarey Matthew J. R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgeon‐performed ultrasound (SUS) changes management and surgical decision‐making. It allows for immediate ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (US‐FNA) for the work‐up of neck masses, lymph node metastases and thyroid nodules. We examined the introduction of SUS to an Australian Head and Neck cancer unit, identifying situations where it was used, and evaluated the diagnostic adequacy and accuracy of US‐FNA.MethodsA prospective database was created for all patients undergoing SUS and US‐FNA, performed by two head and neck surgeons, between September 2018 and June 2019. The data were retrospectively analysed to identify when SUS was performed. Diagnostic adequacy and accuracy of US‐FNA were determined after evaluating formal cytology and histopathology reports.ResultsA total of 183 diagnostic, surveillance and interventional SUS scans were performed for multiple indications. A total of 100 US‐FNAs were performed on a number of different sites. Diagnostic adequacy and accuracy were 92% and 85%, respectively.ConclusionAfter the introduction of SUS to our weekly routine head and neck cancer clinic, we identified multiple situations where it can be used successfully within our clinical landscape. Our diagnostic US‐FNA results compared favourably to current literature, without additional need for clinic attendance by consultant radiologists or pathologists, saving valuable hospital resources. This introduction proposes a promising alternative to current neck lump clinic models.
Salivary uric acid as a predictive test of preeclampsia, pregnancy‐induced hypertension and preterm delivery: A pilot study
Authors: Püschl Ida Catharina , Bonde Lisbeth , Reading Isabel C. , Maguire Paddy , Macklon Nicholas S. , Van Rijn Bas B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere remains a need for a non‐invasive, low‐cost and easily accessible way of identifying women at risk of developing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. This study evaluated the predictive value of longitudinal salivary uric acid measurement.Material and methodsPregnant women (n = 137) from 20 weeks of gestation were recruited at St Richards Hospital, Chichester, UK, for this prospective cohort study. Weekly samples of salivary uric acid were analyzed until delivery. Information regarding pregnancy and labor were obtained from the patient’s record after delivery. Independent t tests were used to compare mean levels of salivary uric acid in women with hypertensive complications and adverse fetal outcomes with women with normal pregnancies. Main outcome measures were preeclampsia, pregnancy‐induced hypertension, spontaneous preterm delivery and small‐for‐gestational‐age babies.ResultsFrom 21 weeks of gestation until delivery, levels of salivary uric acid increased significantly in women who subsequently developed preeclampsia and pregnancy‐induced hypertension compared with women with normal pregnancies (preeclampsia—mean at gestational age 21‐24, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [mean GA21‐24): 108 [63‐185] vs 47 (39‐55) µmol/L; P = .005; pregnancy‐induced hypertension—mean GA21‐24: 118 [54–258] vs 47 [39‐55] µmol/L; P = .004). In women who had spontaneous preterm delivery, salivary uric acid levels increased significantly from 29 to 32 weeks of gestation compared with women with normal pregnancies (mean GA29‐32: 112 (57‐221) vs 59 (50‐71) µmol/L; P = .04). In women who had babies small‐for‐gestational‐age <10th percentile and small‐for‐gestational‐age <3rd percentile, differences in salivary uric acid levels were insignificant.ConclusionsElevated levels of salivary uric acid precede the onset of preeclampsia, pregnancy‐induced hypertension and preterm delivery. Salivary uric acid may prove to be an early biomarker of hypertensive complications of pregnancy and spontaneous preterm delivery.
Needling after trabeculectomy ‐ does augmentation by anti‐metabolites provide better outcomes and is Mitomycin C better than 5‐Fluoruracil? A systematic review with network meta‐analyses
Authors: Halili Andrim , Kessel Line , Subhi Yousif , Bach‐Holm Daniella 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeFavourable outcome after glaucoma surgery depends on proper control of the inflammatory response. Failing filtration bleb and consequently increased intraocular pressure is an important cause of continuous visual field deterioration after uncomplicated glaucoma surgery. The present systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare the effects of employing either Mitomycin C (MMC), 5‐Fluoruracil (5‐FU) or no anti‐metabolite in needling revision of trabeculectomies.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search in PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE to identify randomized and non‐randomized trials published between year 2000 and March 2019 comparing the efficacy of needling filtering blebs when using no anti‐fibrotic agent, MMC or 5‐FU in patients with glaucoma. Efficacy was defined as intraocular pressure at 12 months or latest follow‐up, rate of complications, rates of success and the number of re‐needling cases. Comparisons were made using network meta‐analyses.ResultsWe identified one randomized trial and five retrospective trials. Twelve months after needling revision of trabeculectomy, no significant difference was observed when comparing the effect of the use of MMC with 5‐FU or without any use of anti‐metabolite on intraocular pressure, complication rates, qualified success, complete success or number of re‐needling cases.ConclusionWe found no significant difference in the efficacy of using either MMC, 5‐FU or no anti‐metabolite in needling revision of trabeculectomies. The number of studies meeting our inclusion criteria was limited. Considering the design of studies, only one was randomized leading to an overall low quality of evidence on the subject matter. Further research is warranted.
Epidemiology and role of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in gastric cancer carcinogenesis
Authors: Sukri Asif , Hanafiah Alfizah , Mohamad Zin Noraziah , Kosai Nik Ritza 
Published: April 2020

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with the development of gastric cancer. Although the prevalence of gastric cancer has declined throughout years due to improvement in early screening strategy, mortality due to gastric cancer has not changed. Incidence and mortality due to gastric cancer are higher in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer are still poor with patients usually diagnosed with cancer at an advanced stage. Eradication of H. pylori is pertinent for the prevention of gastric cancer. However, the rise in antimicrobial resistance among H. pylori isolates has complicated the prevention strategy. H. pylori express multiple virulence factors for survival in the hostile acid gastric environment. The expression of oncogenic protein cytotoxin‐associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), and outer inflammatory protein is essential for H. pylori to exert pathogenesis towards the host. Interestingly, <3% of H. pylori‐infected subjects develop gastric cancer, suggesting a unique way of interaction between the host's immune response and H. pylori virulence factors. This article is aimed to review the epidemiology and role of H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis. A better understanding of the interaction between H. pylori virulence factors and host is required for better gastric cancer prevention.
Evidence of infection with Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in South Australia: using wild rabbits as a sentinel species
Authors: McKenny L , O'Handley R , Kovaliski J , Mutze G , Peacock D , Lanyon S 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to utilise wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as a sentinel species to study levels of environmental contamination with N. caninum and T. gondii in South Australia, and to examine associations with rainfall, climate and land use.DesignToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an apicomplexan parasite, causes the clinical disease toxoplasmosis, which can affect sheep as well as humans and many other animals. Neosporosis, the clinical disease caused by closely related Neospora caninum (N. caninum), causes abortions in cattle, with large economic impacts to cattle industries.MethodsAliquots of wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) serum were obtained from twelve sites across South Australia over a period of eighteen years, with a total of 2114 samples. An in‐house Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) was developed, and samples were screened for the specific antibodies against both T.gondii and N. caninum. Results: Overall, 9.9% of samples screened for T. gondii tested positive and 6.1% of samples screened for N. caninum tested positive. There was no difference observed in seroprevalence of T.gondii specific antibodies between samples collected throughout summer, autumn, winter or spring. By contrast, a significantly higher (p=0.030) seroprevalence of N. caninum specific antibodies was observed in spring than any other season. T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies were discovered at sites across a broad area of South Australia, indicating these environments maybe infected with both parasites.ConclusionResults provide evidence that suggests N. caninum oocysts may have different survival characteristics, such as varying tolerances to low relative humidity, than T. gondii oocysts.
Prediagnostic use of low‐dose aspirin and risk of incident metastasis and all‐cause mortality among patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Giorli Giovanni , Rouette Julie , Yin Hui , Lapi Francesco , Simonetti Monica , Cricelli Claudio , Pollak Michael , Azoulay Laurent 
Published: April 2020

AimsPrevious studies suggest that the use of low‐dose aspirin before a colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis may be associated with a decreased risk of CRC progression. Data supporting this association, however, have been inconsistent. We evaluate whether the use of prediagnostic low‐dose aspirin is associated with a lower risk of metastases and all‐cause mortality in CRC patients.MethodsUsing a large Italian population‐based primary care database, we identified a cohort of 7478 patients newly diagnosed with nonmetastatic CRC between 2000 and 2013. Use of prediagnostic low‐dose aspirin was compared with no use of low‐dose aspirin. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident metastasis and of all‐cause mortality associated with prediagnostic low‐dose aspirin use, both overall and by duration of use.ResultsThere were 314 incident metastatic events and 2189 deaths during a mean follow‐up time of 4.4 and 4.7 years, respectively. Overall prediagnostic use of low‐dose aspirin was not associated with a decreased risk of incident metastasis (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.63–1.22) or all‐cause mortality (HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.96–1.22) in CRC patients. Cumulative duration of aspirin use was not associated with a decreased risk of incident metastasis (P‐trend = .22) or all‐cause mortality (P‐trend = .38). These findings remained consistent in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionIn this real‐world, population‐based study, the prediagnostic use of low‐dose aspirin was not associated with a decreased risk of incident metastasis or all‐cause mortality in CRC patients.