bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of protein isoforms encoded by theDrosophilaGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3 geneshaggy
Authors: Korona Dagmara , Nightingale Daniel J. H. , Fabre Bertrand , Nelson Michael , Fischer Bettina , Johnson Glynnis , Lees Jonathan , Hubbard Simon , Lilley Kathryn , Russell Steven 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTheDrosophila shaggygene (sgg, GSK-3) encodes multiple protein isoforms with serine/threonine kinase activity and is a key player in diverse developmental signalling pathways. Currently it is unclear whether different Sgg proteoforms are similarly involved in signalling or if different proteoforms have distinct functions. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering to tag eight different Sgg proteoform classes and determined their localization during embryonic development. We performed proteomic analysis of the two major proteoform classes and generated mutant lines for both of these for transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis. We uncovered distinct tissue-specific localization patterns for all of the tagged proteoforms we examined, most of which have not previously been characterised directly at the protein level, including one proteoform initiating with a non-standard codon. Collectively this suggests complex developmentally regulated splicing of thesggprimary transcript. Further, affinity purification followed by mass spectrometric analyses indicate a different repertoire of interacting proteins for the two major proteoform classes we examined, one with ubiquitous expression (Sgg-PB) and one with nervous system specific expression (Sgg-PA). Specific mutation of these proteoforms shows that Sgg-PB performs the well characterised maternal and zygotic segmentations functions of thesgglocus, while Sgg-PA mutants show adult lifespan and locomotor defects consistent with its nervous system localisation. Our findings provide new insights into the role of GSK-3 proteoforms and intriguing links with the GSK-3α and GSK-3β encoded by independent vertebrate genes. Our analysis suggests that different protein isoforms generated by alternative splicing perform distinct functions.
Stochastic analysis of optimal production of infectious progeny in Chlamydia
Authors: Enciso German , Tan Ming , Wan Frederic Y.M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTRecent data collected on the Chlamydia Trachomatis life cycle show an initial period of no RB-to-EB conversion. This and other features of the observed bacterial life cycle are postulated to be consequences of the bacteria’s drive for Darwinian survival. Stochastic optimal control models formulated herein in fact lead to an initial conversion holiday that support this proposition.
Exploring High-Dimensional Biological Data with Sparse Contrastive Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Boileau Philippe , Hejazi Nima S. , Dudoit Sandrine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMotivationStatistical analyses of high-throughput sequencing data have re-shaped the biological sciences. In spite of myriad advances, recovering interpretable biological signal from data corrupted by technical noise remains a prevalent open problem. Several classes of procedures, among them classical dimensionality reduction techniques and others incorporating subject-matter knowledge, have provided effective advances; however, no procedure currently satisfies the dual objectives of recovering stable and relevant features simultaneously.ResultsInspired by recent proposals for making use of control data in the removal of unwanted variation, we propose a variant of principal component analysis, sparse contrastive principal component analysis, that extracts sparse, stable, interpretable, and relevant biological signal. The new methodology is compared to competing dimensionality reduction approaches through a simulation study as well as via analyses of several publicly available protein expression, microarray gene expression, and single-cell transcriptome sequencing datasets.AvailabilityA free and open-source software implementation of the methodology, the scPCA R package, is made available via the Bioconductor Project. Code for all analyses presented in the paper is also available via GitHub.
Double-rotator and valve plate distribution radial piston pump
Authors: Dong Peng , Zhao Shengdun , Fan Shuqin , Zhu Muzhi , Zhang Peng 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The drive shaft and the distribution shaft of a traditional radial piston pump are in a cantilever state. To solve this problem, this paper aims to present a radial piston pump with through shaft driving and valve plate distribution.

Design/methodology/approach
The working principle of the pump is discussed in detail. In this radial piston pump, valve plate distribution parts are designed to distribute oil to the piston chambers, and the distribution shaft is replaced. A bearing is installed between the stator and rotator to reduce the friction. The transmission shaft is supported by two bearings to ensure smooth operation. The support force of the transmission shaft is optimized. In addition, the flow pulsation principle is presented. To accomplish the change, the displacement of the radial piston pump, the proportional control system is designed.

Findings
After completing the machining and assembly of the pump, an experimental study was carried out. The results show that the output flow of the pump is basically the same as the theoretical flow.

Originality/value
The friction between the slipping shoes and the stator is greatly reduced due to the function of rolling bearings. The higher stability of the driveshaft is obtained for the reason of double-sided support. The radial piston pump has a novel structural design in reducing the friction between the shoes and the stator and improving the stability of the transmission shaft.
Open innovation: from technology exploitation to creation of superior performance
Authors: Zanjirchi Seyed Mahmoud , Jalilian Negar , Shahmohamadi Mehrjardi Marzieh 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Nowadays, to develop innovative activities in research and development units, it is desirable to rely on the concept of open innovation to take actions towards the identification of external capabilities of an organization and external knowledge acquisition. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of external technology acquisition (ETA), external technology exploitation (ETE) and culture of innovation (IC) on open innovation (OI) using SEM approach and then examine the amount of the impact of open innovation on organizational performance (OP) and value creation (VC).

Design/methodology/approach
This study was an applied survey in terms of research purpose and data collection method. The statistical population included all companies in Yazd Science and Technology Park (STP). To collect the data, 109 questionnaires were distributed. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts’ comments, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated equal to 0.873 for reliability.

Findings
The results indicated, ETA, ETE and IC had significant and positive effects on OI, and OI by itself had a significant and positive impact on OP and VC. However, the hypothesis of the significant and positive effect of VC on OP was rejected.

Originality/value
Considering the importance of innovative activities of companies in STPs and the role of OI in achieving the goals of idea-driven companies, the present study evaluated the effects of factors affecting the fulfillment of OI in companies based in STPs in the Yazd province of Iran.
ZeNXL express logistics: route optimization
Authors: Dhaigude Amol S , Ray Soham , Konwar Dhrubojit 
Published: November 2019

Learning outcomes
This case has four major learning outcomes using hands-on spreadsheet tool. First is to introduce and apply the Clarke and Wright’s Savings algorithm. Second is to conduct a cost-benefit analysis in transportation set up. Third is to find out the optimal route to be taken to fulfill given demand while satisfying time and capacity constraints. Finally, one has to optimize the number of vehicles required for daily operations.

Case overview/synopsis
Dhruvam, the protagonist of the case, working at ZeNXL, a third-party logistics service provider, was assigned the task of reducing the operational cost of the company as part of the new service offering called “Route optimization.” This new offering would help optimize vehicle delivery routes to meet daily customer demand. The launch of the new service offering was due in the next 10 days with client LG Electronics to be the first beneficiary.

Complexity academic level
MBA-1 (Logistics Management), MBA-2 (Route Optimization). This case provides an opportunity for instructors to introduce vehicle routing and scheduling as part of logistics management. Students are expected to use the data given in the case and exhibits to develop the optimal routes (using Clarke and Wright’s Savings algorithm) and conduct cost-benefit analysis. This case also provides insights on the challenges associated with start-up operations.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 9: Operations and Logistics
The origin of species through system differentiation
Authors: Räwel Jörg 
Published: November 2019

PurposeMaturana and Mpodozis (2000) developed a theory of evolution that is based on the concept of autopoiesis and differs paradigmatically from the conventional theory derived from Darwin (1859). The present study aims to show that the authors have not exhausted the explanatory potential that the concept of autopoiesis can offer for the theory of evolution. Based on the critique of Maturana and Mpodozis, a system theoretic-oriented concept for the origin of species will be developed.Design/methodology/approachTo render the explanatory potential of the concept of autopoiesis more fruitful for the theory of evolution, the proposition is made that the application of this concept is not limited to the molecular, or organismal level, as propounded by Maturana and Mpodozis, but should be also related to populations and species. By exempting the design of Maturana and Mpodozis from the rudiments of methodological individualism, a new field of application for the concept of autopoiesis is explored.FindingsThe proposed system theoretic concept of evolution theory makes it possible to shed new, constructive light on fundamental problems in the conventional biology of evolution. For example, with regard to the significance of the emergence of sexuality, or how phases of accelerated change in the course of evolution (e.g. the Cambrian explosion) are possible, or regarding the problem of the units of selection.Originality/valueAlthough there have been attempts in the social sciences to interpret populations as autopoietic systems (for example by Niklas Luhmann), the proposed approach to evolutionary biology is new. Also original is a system theoretic conception of the evolutionary theory, in a strict renunciation of methodological individualism. This renunciation permits systems theories of evolution in social science and biology to be compared across disciplines.
Aggressive communication in aquatic environments
Authors: Frommen Joachim G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aggressive interactions are ubiquitous among animals. They are either directed towards heterospecifics, like predators or competitors, or conspecifics. During intraspecific encounters, aggression often serves to establish hierarchies within the social group. Thus, in order to understand the mechanisms mediating social organization, it is important to comprehend the escalation and avoidance of aggressive behaviour.

Overt aggressive interactions are costly not only in terms of increased risk of injury or death, but also due to opportunity costs and energy expenditure. In order to reduce these costs, animals are expected to communicate their strength and aggressive motivation prior to fights. For this purpose, they use different means of communication in various sensory modalities, that is visual, acoustic, chemical, mechanosensory and electric cues. These different modalities can convey different or similar information, underlining the importance of understanding the multimodal communication of aggression.

Thus far, most studies on signalling during aggressive encounters have focussed on visual or acoustic cues, most likely as these are the two modalities predominantly used by humans. However, depending on the species’ ecology, visual or acoustic cues might play a minor role for many species. Especially in aquatic systems, visual communication is often hampered due to high levels of turbidity or limited light conditions. Here, alternative modalities such as chemical, mechanical or electrical cues are expected to play a prominent role.

In this review, I provide an overview of different modalities used during aggressive communication in aquatic organisms. I highlight the importance of studying the role of multimodal communication during aggressive encounters in general and discuss the importance of understanding aquatic communication in the light of conservation and animal welfare issues.
Plant–bacteria–soil response to frequency of simulated nitrogen deposition has implications for global ecosystem change
Authors: Cao Jirong , Pang Shuang , Wang Qibing , Williams Mark A. , Jia Xiu , Dun Shasha , Yang Junjie , Zhang Yunhai , Wang Jing , Lü Xiaotao , Hu Yecui , Li Linghao , Li Yuncong , Han Xingguo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, generally, has been simulated through a single or relatively few N applications per year for its ecological effect study. Despite the importance of timing in ecosystem processes, ecological experiments with more realistic N addition frequencies are rare.

We employed a novel design with typical twice (2X) versus atypical monthly (12X) N applications per year to explore effects of N addition frequency on above‐ and below‐ground biodiversity and function.

Each year, several response variables from either below‐ground or above‐ground growth, N status and cycling, or plant and bacterial diversity differed as a result of N addition frequency. BNPP showed a large frequency effect in the relatively moist year but not in the dry year. Nitrogen addition decreased root growth in the monthly relative to the biannual applications, which could be highly consequential for predicting changes in global carbon and nitrogen cycling. Simulated N deposition tended to perturb biodiversity, but it is noteworthy that 12X applications that spread N deposition more evenly through a year have much less negative impacts on plant and bacterial diversities than 2X amendments per year. Soil N mineralization rate in year 6 was much lower when N additions were monthly compared with a biannual amendment, especially when simulated N deposition was high.

We have established that amendment frequency matters for understanding ecosystem response to N deposition. Experiments that more closely mimic the anthropogenic process of N deposition are needed to best assess ecosystem and potential global biogeochemical changes.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Effective utilization of seismic reflection technique with moderate cost in uranium exploration
Authors: Hajnal Zoltán , Takács Ernő , Annesley Irvine R. , Pandit Bhaskar 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIn participation with numerous industrial partners, the Seismic Laboratory of the University of Saskatchewan has conducted a variety of active seismic reflection experiments; both on the west and east sides of the Athabasca Basin. Results of the investigations at Shea Creek, McArthur River and Keefe Lake illustrate that the seismic investigations deliver effective, highly relevant primary structural images of the subsurface, with resolution that no other geophysical technique can match. Correlation of similar seismic signatures, on several distant but inter‐related seismic sections, allowed spatial extension of promising exploration target zones previously unrecognized. Within the three‐dimensional seismic volume, comparable reflectivity patterns defined the complex areal distribution of mineralization‐related fault systems. Beyond these novel contributions, extended analysis of seismic signal attributes (amplitude and frequency), optical televiewer, and full‐wave sonic data offer detailed lithological characterization, including alteration zones, clay content, as well as porosity and fracture density information. Although these structural and geologically relevant anomalies are primary indicators of mineralization, presenting novel exploration advantages, the seismic method is still not a standard component of the Athabasca Basin exploration approach, due to the negative perception that ‘it is very expensive’. Comparing the costs of all geophysical techniques to the cost of a single logged drill hole illustrates that the results of a properly designed seismic data acquisition program not only leads to more effective planning of a drilling program, but also would lead to a much quicker recognition of the major mineralized zone(s), and a reduction in the number of required exploration boreholes. This integrated approach to exploration would then translate into a significant reduction of the total exploration expenditures. Unquestionably, the drilling of boreholes provides the most explicit, reliable information to a certain depth, but only within a very small area. Directly connecting the borehole information to seismic results extends the local reliable data; permitting reduction of the number of boreholes to create accurate two‐dimensional or three‐dimensional subsurface images and reduction of the expenditures of the total exploration program.
Attending to difference: enacting individuals in food provision for residents with dementia
Authors: Driessen Annelieke , Ibáñez Martín Rebeca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the face of warnings about total institutions and growing concern about the quality of care, healthcare professionals in Western Europe and North America have increasingly been exhorted to tailor their services to individuals in their care. In this article, we invite our readers to become more interested in the kinds of differences care is being tailored to, and with what effects. Focusing on food provision for residents with dementia, we present three repertoires through which care workers attend to, and enact different sets of differences between individuals: providing choice allows residents to express fleeting preferences; knowing residents places emphasis on care providers’ familiarity with a person; and catering to identities brings to the fore the tastes which make up part of who someone is. The analysis brings attending to difference to the fore as a practical process and suggests that tailoring care requires sensitivity to the different kinds of individuals enacted when attending to difference.
Comparison of the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset to medical records for emergency presentations for acute cardiovascular conditions and unspecified chest pain
Authors: Bray Janet , Lim Michael , Cartledge Susie , Stub Dion , Mitra Biswadev , Newnham Harvey , Cameron Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset (VEMD) collects administrative and clinical data for all presentations to Victorian public ED. The present study aimed to examine the level of agreement between the VEMD data and the medical record for a sample of patients coded as having acute cardiovascular conditions (acute coronary syndrome, stroke and transient ischaemic attack [TIA]) and unspecified chest pain in the VEMD.MethodsSix months of data provided to the VEMD from a large metropolitan hospital was obtained, and a random sample of 10% of cases (n = 310) were selected for review. Data for eight VEMD items were compared for concordance to data recorded in the ED medical record.ResultsComplete concordance between the VEMD and medical records for all eight items was observed only for 101 (33%) presentations. Overall, the least concordant variables were those with a high number of coding options: usual type of accommodation (76%), referral pattern (84%) and primary diagnosis (85%). The concordance of the VEMD primary diagnosis varied when examined as individual codes (range 75%–100%) and when combined (acute coronary syndrome = 94%, stroke or TIA = 85% and chest pain unspecified = 75%). The level of agreement for some items improved when VEMD codings were combined.ConclusionWhen compared to the medical record, our data suggest there is likely variation in the accuracy of some VEMD items, and suggests a larger prospective validation of the VEMD is warranted. For researchers using existing VEMD data, combining of some codes may be necessary.
Executive functions and memory in bipolar disorders I and II: new insights from meta‐analytic results
Authors: Cotrena C. , Damiani Branco L. , Ponsoni A. , Samamé C. , Milman Shansis F. , Paz Fonseca R. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of executive functions (EF) and episodic memory in bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsA literature search was conducted on three electronic databases. Results were combined using random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 126 studies (6424 patients with BDI, 702 with BDII, and 8276 controls) were included. BDI was associated with moderate to large impairments across all cognitive functions and BDII with small‐to‐medium impairments. Small significant differences were identified between BDI and BDII on all cognitive functions except inhibition. The Trail Making Test (TMT) (g = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.67–0.80), Hayling Test (g = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34–0.81), Digit Span Total (g = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.57–1.01), and Category Fluency (g = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.45–0.72) tasks were most sensitive to cognitive impairment in BDI. The TMT (g = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.50–0.80) and Category Fluency (g = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.37–0.75) were also sensitive to cognitive alterations in patients with BDII.ConclusionBD type I was associated with more severe and widespread impairments than BDII, which showed smaller impairments on all functions except inhibition, where impairments were larger. Education and (hypo)manic symptoms should be further investigated in future studies due to their possible influence on the neuropsychological profile of BD. The instruments identified in this review should be considered for inclusion in cognitive assessment batteries in BD.