bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social interaction reward in rats has anti‐stress effects
Authors: Lemos Cristina , Salti Ahmad , Amaral Inês M. , Fontebasso Veronica , Singewald Nicolas , Dechant Georg , Hofer Alex , El Rawas Rana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSocial interaction in an alternative context can be beneficial against drugs of abuse. Stress is known to be a risk factor that can exacerbate the effects of addictive drugs. In this study, we investigated whether the positive effects of social interaction are mediated through a decrease in stress levels. For that purpose, rats were trained to express cocaine or social interaction conditioned place preference (CPP). Behavioural, hormonal, and molecular stress markers were evaluated. We found that social CPP decreased the percentage of incorrect transitions of grooming and corticosterone to the level of naïve untreated rats. In addition, corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) was increased in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis after cocaine CPP. In order to study the modulation of social CPP by the CRF system, rats received intracerebroventricular CRF or alpha‐helical CRF, a nonselective antagonist of CRF receptors. The subsequent effects on CPP to cocaine or social interaction were observed. CRF injections increased cocaine CPP, whereas alpha‐helical CRF injections decreased cocaine CPP. However, alpha‐helical CRF injections potentiated social CPP. When social interaction was made available in an alternative context, CRF‐induced increase of cocaine preference was reversed completely to the level of rats receiving cocaine paired with alpha‐helical CRF. This reversal of cocaine preference was also paralleled by a reversal in CRF‐induced increase of p38 MAPK expression in the nucleus accumbens shell. These findings suggest that social interaction could contribute as a valuable component in treatment of substance use disorders by reducing stress levels.
Microhabitat selection and niche partitioning in two syntopic geckos
Authors: Petford Melissa Anne , Alexander Graham John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSyntopic species often exhibit evolutionary mechanisms that reduce competition. A common mechanism facilitating coexistence is niche separation, which may manifest through spatial, temporal or trophic dimensions. Species that are morphologically similar, such as congeners, are likely to compete directly and thus separate their niche spatially. The microhabitat selection and partitioning of two endemic geckos of the Soutpansberg Mountains, Lygodactylus incognitus (Jacobsen, 1992; Squamata: Gekkonidae) and L. soutpansbergensis (Jacobsen, 1994; Squamata: Gekkonidae), was investigated by recording fine‐ and broad‐scale habitat variables. Results reveal that L. incognitus is restricted to high elevations above 1100 m a.s.l. and is associated with moist microclimates. Although primarily saxicolous, they also utilise tree trunks, branches and stems. Lygodactylus soutpansbergensis occurs above 800 m a.s.l and is restricted to rocky outcrops, open woodlands and rocky grasslands, often found on loose rocks. Perch height for L. soutpansbergensis is close to ground level, and they are limited to drier microclimates. Microhabitat partitioning does not appear to be due to interspecific exclusion as the smaller L. soutpansbergensis occupies the same niche dimensions in areas where L. incognitus is not present. Sites where L. incognitus occurs in the absence of L. soutpansbergensis are forested with high canopy cover, likely preventing the colonisation of L. soutpansbergensis. This suggests that morphological and physiological constraints define microhabitat limits, although this still requires testing. Anthropogenic activities are likely to threaten the persistence of L. incognitus and L. soutpansbergensis on the Soutpansberg in the future. The results from this study may aid the interpretation and understanding on the syntopy of morphologically similar species that inhabit the same macrohabitats in other areas.
PROSPECT guideline for oncological breast surgery: a systematic review and procedure‐specific postoperative pain management recommendations
Authors: Jacobs A. , Lemoine A. , Joshi G. P. , Van de Velde M. , Bonnet F. ,   the PROSPECT Working Group collaborators
Published: January 2020

SummaryAnalgesic protocols used to treat pain after breast surgery vary significantly. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available literature on this topic and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after oncological breast surgery. A systematic review using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis guidance with procedure‐specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) methodology was undertaken. Randomised controlled trials assessing postoperative pain using analgesic, anaesthetic or surgical interventions were identified. Seven hundred and forty‐nine studies were found, of which 53 randomised controlled trials and nine meta‐analyses met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Quantitative analysis suggests that dexamethasone and gabapentin reduced postoperative pain. The use of paravertebral blocks also reduced postoperative pain scores, analgesia consumption and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Intra‐operative opioid requirements were documented to be lower when a pectoral nerves block was performed, which also reduced postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption. We recommend basic analgesics (i.e. paracetamol and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs) administered pre‐operatively or intra‐operatively and continued postoperatively. In addition, pre‐operative gabapentin and dexamethasone are also recommended. In major breast surgery, a regional anaesthetic technique such as paravertebral block or pectoral nerves block and/or local anaesthetic wound infiltration may be considered for additional pain relief. Paravertebral block may be continued postoperatively using catheter techniques. Opioids should be reserved as rescue analgesics in the postoperative period. Research is needed to evaluate the role of novel regional analgesic techniques such as erector spinae plane or retrolaminar plane blocks combined with basic analgesics in an enhanced recovery setting.
Cross‐validation of Actigraph derived accelerometer cut‐points for assessment of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in children aged 8‐11 years
Authors: Duncan Michael J. , Eyre Emma L. J. , Cox Val , Roscoe Clare M. P. , Faghy Mark A. , Tallis Jason , Dobell Alexandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo cross‐validate previously calibrated Actigraph cut‐points in children.MethodsTwenty‐eight children (50% boys) aged between 8 and 11 years of age (9.4 ± 1.4 years) performed a series of 5 minute bouts of activity reflective of different levels of PA from sedentary behaviour (SB) to moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA); O2 was assessed using breath‐by‐breath indirect calorimetry, and activity was assessed using Actigraph accelerometers worn on the hip and non‐dominant wrist. The O2 values were then converted into age‐specific METs (measured METs) and coded as SB, light PA and MVPA. Accelerometer data were analysed using previously calibrated cut‐points at different epochs, that is 5, 15, 30 and 60 seconds.ResultsReceiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that there was excellent discrimination of SB using the Evenson et al (15 seconds), Romanzini (15 seconds), Treuth et al (30 seconds), Freedson et al (60 seconds), Treuth et al (60 seconds) and Troiano et al (60 seconds) cut‐points. ROC analysis indicated poor discrimination for LPA irrespective of the cut‐points used. Good discrimination of MVPA was evident for all existing cut‐points using a 60‐second epoch.ConclusionThere is considerable variation in the performance of existing cut‐points for assessment of SB, LPA and MPA in children.
Systematic review: ibuprofen‐induced liver injury
Authors: Zoubek Miguel E. , Lucena María Isabel , Andrade Raúl J. , Stephens Camilla 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a leading cause of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) across the world. Ibuprofen is one of the most commonly used and safest NSAIDs, nevertheless reports on ibuprofen‐induced hepatotoxicity are available.AimTo analyse previously published information on ibuprofen‐induced liver injury for a better characterisation of its phenotypic expression.MethodA systematic search was performed and information on ibuprofen‐induced liver injury included in case series and case reports, in terms of demographic, clinical, biochemical and outcome data, was analysed.ResultsTwenty‐two idiosyncratic ibuprofen hepatotoxicity cases were identified in the literature, suggesting a very low prevalence of this type of DILI. These patients had a mean age of 31 years and 55% were females. Mean cumulative dose of ibuprofen and time to onset were 30 g and 12 days, respectively. Hepatocellular injury was the most frequently involved liver injury pattern. Six cases developed vanishing bile duct syndrome. Full recovery occurred in 11 patients after a mean time of 14 weeks, whereas five cases evolved to acute liver failure leading to death/liver transplantation.ConclusionsWhen assessing potential hepatotoxicity cases, physicians should keep in mind that ibuprofen has been associated with hepatotoxicity in the literature. Ibuprofen‐associated DILI presents commonly as hepatocellular damage after a short latency period. Published reports on ibuprofen hepatotoxicity leading to liver failure resulting in liver transplantation or death are available. However, due to the apparent low absolute risk of ibuprofen‐induced liver complications, ibuprofen can be regarded as an efficacious and safe NSAID.
Robot‐assisted radical perineal prostatectomy: a review of 95 cases
Authors: Tuğcu Volkan , Ekşi Mithat , Sahin Selcuk , Çolakoğlu Yunus , Simsek Abdulmuttalip , Evren İsmail , İhsan Taşçı Ali 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the early functional and oncological outcomes of a large series of patients who underwent robot‐assisted radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP).Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the patients who underwent robot‐assisted RPP for localized prostate cancer between November 2016 and September 2018. Patients who had locally advanced disease proven on biopsy or were suspected to have locally advanced disease on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and patients who had a contraindication for the exaggerated lithotomy position were not included in this study. Patient demographics, preoperative and postoperative variables, complications and follow‐up times were recorded.ResultsA total of 95 patients were included. Their mean ± sd age was 61.5 ± 6.5 years. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level was 6.1 (3.7) ng/mL, the median (IQR) operating time was 140 (25) min, and the mean ± sd blood loss was 67.4 ± 17 mL. Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) was performed for 12 patients (12.6%). The median (IQR) hospital stay was 1 (1) days. Positive surgical margins were present in eight patients (8.4%). After catheter removal, the immediate continence rate was 41%. Continence rates were 78%, 87% and 91%, respectively, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Potency rates were 49%, 69% and 77%, respectively, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery for patients who had adequate potency preoperatively. The median (IQR) follow‐up time was 13 (3.1) months.ConclusionWe conclude that robot‐assisted RPP is a reliable and effective surgical technique that can be employed in the treatment of localized prostate cancer regardless of prostate volume, especially in patients with a history of abdominal surgery. As an additional advantage, PLND can be performed through the same incision.
Millennial‐to‐centennial scale lake system development in the mountains of tropical Mexico
Authors: Franco‐Gaviria Felipe , Correa‐Metrio Alex , Núñez‐Useche Fernando , Zawisza Edyta , Caballero Margarita , Prado Blanca , Wojewódka Marta , Olivares Gustavo 
Published: January 2020

Rapid degradation of freshwater ecosystems threatens water supply for human populations and natural landscapes. At diverse time scales, this process has been clearly associated with climatic and anthropogenic forcings. The question remains, however, how tropical lakes have responded to these two sources of variability. We present a multiproxy record from Lake San Lorenzo, Lagunas de Montebello National Park, tropical Mexico, spanning the last ~3400 years. We used multi‐elemental concentrations, and Cladocera and pollen assemblages along the record to reconstruct regional and local environmental variability, aiming to infer the factors and processes involved in the evolution of the lacustrine system. A principal component analysis on the pooled biological and geochemical evidence allowed the inference of the main changes in lake level and productivity. At millennial scales, the development of the lake system has been closely associated with regional moisture availability, with wetter (drier) time intervals associated with high (low) lake stands. According to Ti concentrations, from ~3400 to 1000 cal. a BP, regional conditions followed a trend towards drier conditions, with littoral cladoceran assemblages suggesting high lake productivity. The extreme regional droughts reportedly associated with the cultural collapse of the Maya civilization manifested in our study area through both high lake productivity and the lowest lake levels of the record. Through the last ~800 years, the regional moisture availability has increased, with the water body becoming deeper and larger. Overall, our record offers evidence of a highly variable system strongly coupled with regional climates, but also very sensitive to local disturbances associated with human occupation. Lake San Lorenzo has been highly resilient to external pressures and has previously recovered from conditions probably alike those associated with the ongoing modern deterioration process. Nevertheless, such recovery involves a complex network of interactions amongst natural and human factors.
Prognostic and radiographic correlates of a prospectively collected molecularly profiled cohort of IDH1/2‐wildtype astrocytomas
Authors: Lin Andrew L. , Rosenblum Marc , Mellinghoff Ingo K. , Tabar Viviane S. , Ogilvie Shahiba , Schaff Lauren , Yang Tzu-I Jonathan , Young Robert J. , Taylor Barry S. , Jonsson Philip , Bale Tejus A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground: In the molecular era, the relevance of tumor grade for prognostication of IDH1/2‐wildtype (WT) gliomas has been debated. It has been suggested that histologic grade II and III astrocytomas with molecular features of glioblastoma, IDH1/2‐WT have a similar prognosis to glioblastoma and should be considered for the same clinical trials. Methods: We integrated prospective clinical sequencing from 564 patients with IDH1/2‐WT gliomas (26 grade II, 71 grade III and 467 grade IV) with clinical and radiographic data to assess associations between molecular features, grade and outcome. Results: Compared to histologic grade IV IDH1/2‐WT astrocytomas, histologic grade II astrocytomas harbor fewer chromosome 7/10 alterations (P = 0.04), EGFR amplifications (P = 0.022) and alterations in cell‐cycle effectors (P = 1.9e‐11), but a similar frequency of TERT promoter mutations. In contrast, there is no difference in the frequency of these canonical molecular features in histologic grade III vs. IV IDH1/2‐WT disease. Progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for histologic grade II tumors were significantly longer than grade III tumors (P = 0.02 and P = 0.008, respectively), whereas there was no difference in PFS and OS for histologic grade III compared to grade IV tumors. Median PFS for histologic grade II, III and IV tumors was 19, 11 and 9 months, respectively. Median OS for the same tumors was 44, 23 and 23 months, respectively. In histologic grade II and III IDH1/2 WT tumors, gliomatosis is associated with the absence of cell‐cycle alterations (P = 0.008) and enriched in grade II features (P = 0.1) and alterations in the PI3K‐AKT pathway (P = 0.09). Conclusions: Grade II histology has genotypic and phenotypic associations with prognostic implications in IDH1/2‐WT astrocytomas.
Family‐centred service: Perspectives of paediatric residents from a non‐Western country
Authors: Zengin Akkus Pinar , Ilter Bahadur Evin , Coskun Aysenur , Koken Gizem , Karahan Sevilay , Ozmert Elif Nursel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe concept of family‐centred service (FCS), which is recognized as the standard of paediatric health care, emerged from Western countries, and integration of FCS can be challenging especially in non‐Western countries. This study aims to explore family‐centred behaviours of paediatric residents and their perspectives on FCS being trained in a non‐Western country before and 6 months after an educational workshop. It was hypothesized that the workshop will increase the awareness of paediatric residents regarding FCS and improve their self‐reported family‐centred practices.Study designNinety‐nine residents who are in a 4‐year paediatric residency program were included. A 2‐hr interactive workshop was conducted for all participants. The measure of processes of care for service providers was used to measure self‐reported family‐centred practices of paediatric residents, and a study specific questionnaire was utilized to understand their perspectives towards FCS prior to and 6 months after the workshop.ResultsThere were statistically significant increases in the measure of processes of care for service providers scores suggesting improvements in self‐reported family‐centred practices of participants 6 months after the workshop. Moreover, the percentage of participants describing themselves as knowledgeable and competent increased. Viewpoints of paediatric residents on the implementation of FCS and several challenges perceived by participants were highlighted.ConclusionThis is the first study conducted in a non‐Western country exploring perspectives of paediatric residents towards the implementation of FCS and measuring their self‐reported family‐centred practices before and after an educational workshop. The study revealed that although a 2‐hr interactive workshop improved the self‐reported family‐centred practices of participants, they still found FCS challenging.
Prevalence and incidence of thyroid dysfunction in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II
Authors: Peters Kirsten E. , Chubb Stephen A. Paul , Bruce David G. , Davis Wendy A. , Davis Timothy M. E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveSince the results of published studies assessing thyroid dysfunction complicating diabetes have been variable in quality, inconsistent and may not reflect contemporary clinical care, the aim of this study was to determine its prevalence and incidence in a large, well‐characterized, representative cohort.DesignCommunity‐based, longitudinal, observational study.PatientsA total of 1617 participants from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2), including 130 (8.0%) with type 1 diabetes, 1408 (87.1%) with type 2 diabetes, and 79 (4.9%) with latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA).MeasurementsSerum thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) at baseline between 2008 and 2011 and in those attending Year 4 follow‐up.ResultsThe prevalence of known thyroid disease (ascertained from baseline self‐reported thyroid medication use or hospitalization data) was 11.7% (189/1617). Of the remaining 1428 participants, 5.1% (73/1428) had biochemical evidence of subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.1% (15/1428) overt hypothyroidism, 0.1% (2/1428) subclinical hyperthyroidism and 0.2% (3/1428) overt hyperthyroidism, representing an overall baseline prevalence of thyroid disease of 17.4% (282/1617). During 5694 patient‐years of follow‐up, 25 (3.0%) of the 844 with a normal baseline TSH and follow‐up data developed known thyroid disease. Of the remaining 819, 3.4% developed subclinical hypothyroidism, 0.2% overt hypothyroidism and 0.5% subclinical hyperthyroidism. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence or incidence of thyroid dysfunction by diabetes type.ConclusionsThyroid dysfunction, known or detected through screening, is common in diabetes. These data suggest the need for periodic clinical and biochemical screening for thyroid disease in all types of diabetes.
Interspecialty referral of oesophagogastric and pharyngolaryngeal cancers delays diagnosis and reduces patient survival: A matched case‐control study
Authors: Bird Jon H. , Williams Elizabeth J. , Heathcote Kate J. , Ayres Lachlan , De Zoysa Nilantha , King Emma V. , Parry Sally D. , Nouraei S. A. Reza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesPharyngolaryngeal and oesophagogastric cancers present with swallowing symptoms and as such, their clinical evaluation traverses boundaries between different specialties. We studied the incidence and significance of interspecialty cancer referrals (ICRs), that is, pharyngolaryngeal cancers first evaluated by gastroenterology and oesophagogastric cancers first evaluated by otolaryngology.DesignA subset analysis of our Integrated Aerodigestive Partnership's audit dataset, of all ICR patients, and an equal number of controls matched for age, sex and cancer subsite.Main outcome measuresInformation about patient age and presenting symptoms was recorded. The relationship between symptoms and ICR risk was examined with binary logistic regression. Referral‐to‐diagnosis latency was compared between ICR and control patients with unpaired Student's t test. Cox regression was used to identify independent predictors of overall survival.ResultsOf 1130 patients with pharyngolaryngeal and oesophagogastric cancers between 2008 and 2018, 60 diagnoses (5.3%) were preceded by an ICR. Referral‐to‐diagnosis latency increased from 43 ± 50 days for control patients to 115 ± 140 days for ICR patients (P < .0001). Dysphagia significantly increased the risk of an ICR (odds ratio 3.34; 95% CI 1.30‐8.56), and presence of classic gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (heartburn or regurgitation; OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.08‐0.83) and “distal” symptoms (nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain or dyspepsia; OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.08‐068) significantly reduced the risk. Eleven pharyngolaryngeal cancers (of 26; 42%) were missed by gastroenterology, and eight (of 34; 24%) oesophageal cancers were missed by otolaryngology. An ICR was an independent adverse prognostic risk factor on multivariable analysis (hazard ratio 1.76; 95% CI 1.11‐2.73; P < .02; log‐rank test). Two systemic root causes were poor visualisation of pharynx and larynx by per‐oral oesophago‐gastro‐duodenoscopy (OGD) for pharyngolaryngeal cancers, and poor sensitivity (62.5%) of barium swallow when it was used to 'evaluate' oesophageal mucosa.ConclusionsAn interspecialty cancer referral occurs in a significant proportion of patients with foregut cancers. It almost triples the time to cancer diagnosis and is associated with a high incidence of missed cancers and diminished patient survival. It is a complex phenomenon, and its reduction requires an integrated approach between primary and secondary care, and within secondary care, to optimise referral pathways and ensure appropriate and expeditious specialist evaluation.