bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus plantarum inoculation delays decomposition of alfalfa silage under adverse ensiling conditions by regulating bacterial community composition
Authors: Yang Fengyuan , Wang Yanping , Zhao Shanshan , Wang Yuan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) involved in improving fermentation quality of naturally ensiled alfalfa under poor conditions.
Results

High-moisture wilted alfalfa was ensiled without inoculants (CK) or with inoculation of two L. plantarum additives (LPI and LPII). The pH and fermentation products of silage were investigated, and the bacterial community compositions were analyzed. The L. plantarum inoculants significantly enhanced the lactic acid fermentation in terms of promotions in pH decline, lactic acid accumulation, and Lactobacillus abundance for both periods. At 90 d, silage in CK exhibited a high pH, a loss in dry matter, and a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen. The inoculations of L. plantarum significantly inhibited the growth of Clostridia, and reduced ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in silage (P < 0.05).
Conclusions

Inoculation with L. plantarum improved the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage and inhibited the growth of spoilage microorganisms, and further delayed decomposition of alfalfa silage under adverse ensiling conditions.
Tumor volume is more reliable to predict nodal metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer of 3 cm or less in diameter
Authors: Jia Bei , Chen Biao , Long Hao , Rong Tiehua , Su Xiaodong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

In this study, we sought to evaluate the correlation between TV, GTD, and lymph node metastases in NSCLC patients with tumors ≤ 3.0 cm.
Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between the clinicopathologic variables and lymph node involvement in 285 NSCLC patients with tumors ≤ 3.0 cm who accepted curative surgical resection. The TVs were semi-automatically measured by a software and optimal cutoff points obtained using X-tile software. The relationship between GTD and TV were described using non-linear regression. The correlation between GTD, TV, and N stages were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The One-Way ANOVA was used to compare the GTD and TV of different lymph node stage groups.
Results

The relationship between GTD and TV accorded with the exponential growth model:y = 0.113e1.455x (y = TV, x = GTD). TV for patients with node metastases (4.782.83 cm3) was significantly greater for those without metastases (3.572.62 cm3) (P<0.001). However, there were no obvious GTD differences in cases with or without lymph node metastases (P = 0.054). We divided all cases into three TV groups using the two cutoff values (0.9 cm3 and 3.9 cm3) and there was an obvious difference in the lymphatic involvement rate between the groups (P<0.001). The tendency to metastasize was greater with higher TV especially when the TV was >0.9–14.2 cm3 (P = 0.010).
Conclusions

For NSCLC tumors ≤ 3.0 cm, TV is a more sensitive marker than GTD in predicting the positive lymph node metastases. The likelihood for metastasis increases with an increasing TV especially when GTD is > 2.0–3.0 cm.
The difference of whole-body sagittal alignment in different postures in young, healthy adults
Authors: XUE RUI , Shen Yong , Liu Dai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Study DesignProspective study.ObjectiveTo identify the differences of radiographic between standard upright position and natural and comfortable upright position.MethodsRadiographic parameters of 50 young and healthy adults were evaluated including the global cervical angle (GCA), global thoracic angle (GTA), global lumbar angle (GLA), which were used to depict the spine profile; the distance from the cranial sagittal vertical axis (CSVA) to the posterior corner of S1(CSVA-S), the center of the hip(CSVA-H), the center of the knee(CSVA-K) and the ankle(CSVA-A), respectively in both upright positions and natural and comfortable upright position, which were employed to describe the whole-body balance.ResultsSignificant differences could be observed in all the GCA(17.39 ± 6.90 vs. 10.90 ± 3.77, p < .001), GTA(25.63 ± 7.27 vs. 45.42 ± 8.15 p < .001), GLA(42.64 ± 8.05 vs. 20.21 ± 7.47 p < .001), CSVA-S(0.33 ± 2.76 cm vs. 8.54 ± 3.78 cm, p < 0.001), CSVA-H(1.53 ± 3.11 cm vs. 5.71 ± 3.26 cm, p < 0.001), CSVA-K(3.58 ± 2.47 cm vs. 5.22 ± 2.69 cm, p = 0.002) and CSVA-A(1.79 ± 1.92 cm vs. 4.79 ± 2.51 cm, p < 0.001) in the two different standing postures, respectively. Compared with standard upright position, natural and comfortable upright position results in a more kyphotic spine profile.ConclusionSignificant differences in sagittal radiographic parameters were found between the standard upright position and natural and comfortable upright position, with the latter revealing a more kyphotic spinal profile more common in everyday life, which may explain the existing spinal pathologies as well as predict postoperative complications. The natural and comfortable upright position should be a factor to consider when performing a surgical plan.
Prediction of clinical and biomarker conformed Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment from multi-feature brain structural MRI
Authors: Li Binyin , Zhang Miao , Riphagen Joost , Yochim Kathryn Morrison , Li Biao , Liu Jun , Salat David H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Structural neuroimaging has been applied towards identification of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, these methods are greatly impacted by age limiting their utility for detection of preclinical pathology. Therefore, careful consideration of age effects in the modeling of AD degenerative patterns could provide more sensitive detection of the earliest stages of brain disease.Methods: We built linear models for age based on multiple combined structural features (cortical thickness, subcortical structural volumes, ratio of gray to white matter signal intensity, white matter signal abnormalities, total intracranial volume) in 272 healthy adults across a wide age range (D1: age 36-108). These models were then used to create a new support vector machine (SVM) training model with 10-fold cross validation in 136 AD and 268 control participants (D2) based on deviations from the expected age-effects found in the initial sample. Subsequent validation assessed the accuracy of the SVM model to correctly classify AD patients in a new dataset (D3). Finally, we applied the classifier to individuals with MCI to evaluate prediction for early impairment and longitudinal cognitive change.Results: Optimal cross-validation accuracy was 93.07% in the D2, compared to 91.83% without age detrending in D1. In the validation dataset (D3), the classifier obtained an accuracy of 84.85% (56/66), sensitivity of 85.36% (35/41) and specificity of 84% (21/25). In the MCI dataset, we observed significantly greater longitudinal cognitive decline in MCI who were classified as more ‘AD-like’ (MCI-AD), and this effect was pronounced in individuals who were late MCI. The top five contributive features were volumes of left hippocampus, right hippocampus, left amygdala, the thickness of left and right medial temporal & parahippocampus gyrus.Conclusions: Linear detrending for age in SVM for combined structural features resulted in good performance for classification of AD and generalization of MCI prediction. Such procedures should be employed in future work.
Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acid Concentrations are Associated with Skeletal Muscle Mass and Thyroid Function in Young Japanese Men
Authors: Tsunekawa Katsuhiko , Matsumoto Ryutaro , Ushiki Kazumi , Martha Larasati , Shoho Yoshifumi , Yanagawa Yoshimaro , Ishigaki Hirotaka , Yoshida Akihiro , Araki Osamu , Nakajima Kiyomi , Kimura Takao , Murakami Masami 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Few nutritional markers reflect the hypermetabolic state of athletes with high levels of skeletal muscle. Although branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) play crucial roles in protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, the relation between circulating BCAA concentration and skeletal muscle mass has not been fully understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between skeletal muscle mass and serum BCAA to tyrosine ratio (BTR), a convenient indicator of circulating BCAA, in young Japanese men including wrestling athletes with high skeletal muscle mass. Methods The study enrolled 111 young Japanese men: 70 wrestling athletes and 41 controls. None were taking medications or undergoing extreme dietary restriction or an intense exercise regimen. Each participant’s body composition, serum concentrations of albumin and rapid turnover proteins, BTR, and thyroid function were assessed. Results Compared to the controls, the athletes had significantly higher weight-adjusted skeletal muscle mass (SMM) ( p < 0.001) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) ( p < 0.001), and lower serum albumin concentration ( p < 0.001) and BTR ( p < 0.001). Kruskal–Wallis tests with Bonferroni multiple comparison tests showed that serum albumin concentration and BTR were significantly lower in the participants with higher SMM and SMI. Spearman's correlation analyses showed that SMM and SMI were inversely correlated with serum albumin concentration (SMM, ρ = −0.315, p = 0.001; SMI, ρ = −0.511, p < 0.001) and BTR (SMM, ρ = −0.424, p < 0.001; SMI, ρ = −0.511, p < 0.001). Serum albumin concentration was positively correlated with BTR (ρ = 0.438, p < 0.001), transthyretin (ρ = 0.281, p = 0.003) and transferrin (ρ = 0.299, p = 0.001), but BTR was not correlated with other nutritional indicators. Serum concentration of free 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine was inversely correlated with BTR (ρ = −0.308, p = 0.001), but not with serum albumin or skeletal muscle mass. Conclusions These results suggest that the consumption of circulating BCAAs increases with increased skeletal muscle mass and is facilitated by thyroid hormones independent of skeletal muscle mass. Serum BTR may be a useful biomarker to assess the hypermetabolic state of athletes.
Development of the Patient and Public Involvement Questionnaire (PPIQ) for Canadian Drug Funding Committees
Authors: Rosenberg-Yunger Zahava , Verweel Lee , Goren Rachel , Bayoumi Ahmed M. , O’Brien Kelly K. , MacPhail Elaine , Rader Tamara , Tiessen James H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background There is limited evidence evaluating the impact of patient and public involvement in setting priorities for healthcare, specifically drug funding recommendation committees. We describe the development phases of the Patient and Public Involvement Questionnaire (PPIQ). Methods The development of the PPIQ was informed by previous work, which established nine criteria to evaluate patient and public involvement. The PPIQ was developed with a multi-method, multi-phased approach: 1) item generation and refinement (item bank creation, user feedback sessions); 2) sensibility testing (using Feinstein’s criteria and structured interviews); and 3) pilot testing with drug funding committee’s in Canada. Results In phase one of development, a bank of 846 items were derived from key informant interviews and a literature review. Guided by the nine evaluation criteria, an initial draft of the PPIQ was created using the item bank. Two user feedback sessions (n=7) resulted in further revisions of the PPIQ. In phase two, participants (n=21) completed a sensibility questionnaire with a median score 6 out of 7 on 80% of items. Interview participants (n=14) articulated the PPIQ was clear and appropriate. In phase three, response rate for pilot testing the PPIQ was 25% (n=14) and the average time for participants to complete the PPIQ was 00:19:00 minutes (SD ± 13:46). Conclusions The methods used for the development of the PPIQ including qualitative interviews, literature review, user feedback, sensibility and pilot testing have resulted in a questionnaire that may be used with committees making drug funding recommendations in Canada.
Practical Experience of the Primary Healthcare System for Chinese Rural Residents: Building the Largest Health Insurance Program to Cover People Living in Poverty
Authors: Hu Hongpu , Lee Patricia , Xie Liqin , Wang Yan , Wan Yanli , Qiu Wuqi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme plays a crucial role in relieving the economic burden of medical care and cost of medicine for rural residents, and is expected to enhance economic growth and social development in the rural area. To further promote and improve the primary healthcare in the rural area through high quality medical services and healthcare cost management in China. Methods: This study collected and analyzed the data from 2003 to 2015，published literatures, domestic policies，the national health statistics yearbook，and statistics reports to provide an overview of the NRCMS and the implementation experience since its inception in the perspectives of organization and management, finance, coverage and insurance, supervision and monitoring. Results: The NRCMS has been implemented in all the counties for Chinese rural residents. It is the largest primary healthcare system by population in the world. It reached the full coverage in 2008, and the participation rate has been stable at more than 95%. The scope and levels of the insurance offered by NRCMS have expanded over time. The actual level of insurance for hospitalization has increased from about 20% at the beginning to about 57%. By the end of 2014, the cumulative benefit usage reached 10 billion person-time. In 2013, healthcare insurance reform for major diseases was undertaken for twenty-two major diseases with the pilot conducted at the national level. It led to an increase in the actual reimbursement rate for major diseases to 70%. In 2015, the average standard subsidy of the NRCMS from central and local government agencies was 380 Yuans per person, and the individual shared payment was about 120 Yuans. Attention has been paid by all levels of government to continuously improve information network, strengthen personalized management, and increase quality of service. Conclusions：After more than a decade, the NRCMS has become the primary healthcare system for over 800 million Chinese rural residents, playing a vital role for healthcare equality and social and economic development in rural areas.
Dinámica de los componentes demográficos en Baja California, durante el periodo 1985-1990
Authors: Estrella Valenzuela Gabriel 
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se identifican los rangos predominantes en la dinámica de los componentes demográficos del estado de Baja California y sus municipios, durante el período 1985-1990. Para ello, se utilizan y combinan datos de estadísticas vitales, censales y de las Encuestas Demográficas de Baja California de 1986 y 1990. A partir del análisis de la mortalidad y la fecundidad, se logra determinar una tendencia de estabilidad en el componente natural de la dinámica demográfica del estado, con variaciones marginales a nivel municipal. En el rubro de crecimiento social, sin embargo, se observa un notable y claro incremento en la movilidad de la población que se sustenta en dos componentes: un incremento en la tasa de emigración desde el estado en su conjunto y una más elevada y consistente tendencia al incremento en las tasas de inmigración hacia Baja California, que revierte la tendencia decreciente del peso del crecimiento social en la entidad
Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders and cancer: A Systematic Study of this Emerging Therapeutic Approach based on Chemical and Pharmacological Aspect
Authors: Mandal Sudip Kumar , Debnath Utsab , Kumar Amresh , Thomas Sabu , Mandal Subhash Chandra , Choudhury Manabendra Dutta , Palit Partha 
Published: April 2020

Background and Introduction:
Sesquiterpene lactones are a class of secondary metabolite
that contains sesquiterpenoids and lactone ring as pharmacophore moiety. A large group of bioactive
secondary metabolites such as phytopharmaceuticals belong to this category. From the Asteraceae
family-based medicinal plants, more than 5,000 sesquiterpene lactones have been reported so
far. Sesquiterpene lactone-based pharmacophore moieties hold promise for broad-spectrum biological
activities against cancer, inflammation, parasitic, bacterial, fungal, viral infection and other functional
disorders. Moreover, these moiety based phytocompounds have been highlighted with a new
dimension in the natural drug discovery program worldwide after the 2015 Medicine Nobel Prize
achieved by the Artemisinin researchers.

Objective:
These bitter substances often contain an α, β-unsaturated-γ-lactone as a major structural
backbone, which in recent studies has been explored to be associated with anti-tumor, cytotoxic, and
anti-inflammatory action. Recently, the use of sesquiterpene lactones as phytomedicine has been
increased. This study will review the prospect of sesquiterpene lactones against inflammation and
cancer.

Methods:
Hence, we emphasized on the different features of this moiety by incorporating its structural
diversity on biological activities to explore structure-activity relationships (SAR) against inflammation
and cancer.

Results:
How the dual mode of action such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer has been exhibitedby
these phytopharmaceuticals will be forecasted in this study. Furthermore, the correlation of
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity executed by the sesquiterpene lactones for fruitful phytotherapy
will also be revealed in the present review in the milieu of pharmacophore activity relation
and pharmacodynamics study as well.

Conclusion:
So, these metabolites are paramount in phytopharmacological aspects. The present discussion
on the future prospect of this moiety based on the reported literature could be a guide for
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drug discovery programs for the upcoming researchers.
A Retrospective Comparison of Early Postoperative Pain after the First Vs Second TKA in Scheduled Staged Bilateral TKA
Authors: Ishii Yoshinori , Noguchi Hideo , Sato Junko , Ishii Hana , Ishii Ryo , Toyabe Shin-ichi 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Acute postoperative pain control after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is important given that poorly controlled, persistent pain can delay rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to compare pain intensity during the early postoperative period (following the first and second surgeries) in patients who underwent bilateral, scheduled, staged TKAs.

Materials and Methods:
We enrolled 32 patients (64 knees) in this study and evaluated the number of requests for analgesic agents during the first 3 days after TKA, time to walking, and the Wong–Baker FACES pain assessment score (WBS).

Results:
Comparing the postoperative period following the first and second TKA, there were no significant differences in WBS 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively. The frequency of requests, and the total number of requests for analgesics did not differ when comparing the first and second TKA, at any time point. The total number of analgesic requests exhibited a moderately strong, positive correlation between the first and second TKA (p < 0.001, r = 0.623). Patients’ WBS scores and requests for analgesics showed a moderately strong, positive correlation, but only at 24 h following the second TKA (p = 0.002, r = 0.567). After both TKAs, patients required a median of 1 day to resume walking.

Conclusion:
Patients undergoing staged bilateral TKA experienced equivalent early postoperative pain when comparing their experience following their first and second TKAs. Therefore, regarding pain control following the second TKA, we recommend considering the analgesic administration schedule and requirements of the first TKA.
Values of Professional Sphere in Youth Subcultures
Authors: Sheveleva Anna 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Solving the problem of professional self-determination is an important task of social development in adolescence. All social functioning of the personality takes place in the context of culture, with subculture being one of its components.

Objective:
Identification of peculiarities of ideas about professional values in different youth subcultures.

Methods:
The respondents are young people belonging to the subcultures “rock” and “anime”, and those who do not belong to any subcultures, a total of 180 people. The techniques “Career Anchors” by E. Schein and “Terminal values questionnaire” by I.G. Senin were used. The methods of statistical processing are Spearman correlation analysis, Friedman criterion, Mann-Whitney criterion.

Results:
The differences of ideas about professional values in different subcultures and at the persons who do not refer themselves to any subcultures are revealed. The results describe the preferences of different career anchors and their consistency or inconsistency towards the terminal values of the professional sphere.

Conclusion:
Taking into account the subcultural affiliation of young people with the psychological support of their professional self-determination can influence the effectiveness of work with youth.
MODEL OF CALCULATIONS FOR EXPERIMENTALLY-OBTAINED GAS AND WATERPROOF SER-VICE LINE OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Stepanov О. I. , Zaitseva Е. E. , Khudyakova S. A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Aim. Modelling and calculations were were carried out to justify the tactical capabilities of gas and smoke protection units of the fire and rescue units as primary units carrying out fire reconnaissance and rescue of victim s of fires. A methodology for assessing actions of personnel of fire departments when rescuing victims was analysed.Method. An experimental justification is given for the need to adjust the calculation methods for determining the working parameters of gas and smoke protection units when organising mass rescue of victims of a fire. A model is proposed for considering the actions of the fireteam of a gas and smoke protection service based on graph theory. Various approaches to forecasting operational parameters of gas and smoke protection units in fire services are considered.Results. Factors determining the limiting parameters of the gas and smoke protection units are presented along with examples for calculating operational parameters during mass rescue of victims of a fire.Conclusion. A conclusion is formulated regarding complicating factors of the work of the personnel of the gas and smoke protection service in the coefficient, considering the necessary air supply for the return trip, unforeseen circumstances and average air flow.