bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
River‐Ditch Flow Statistical Relationships in a Traditionally Irrigated Valley Near Taos, New Mexico
Authors: Cruz Jose J. , Fernald Alexander G. , VanLeeuwen Dawn M. , Guldan Steven J. , Ochoa Carlos G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCurrent and predicted drought and population growth challenge the longevity of irrigation systems of northern New Mexico. Irrigation ditches, also known as acequias, draw runoff directly from rivers without use of storage reservoirs, so it is important to understand the effects of changing river flow on irrigation flow. This study sought to examine river‐ditch relationships in an agricultural valley of the region. A first order linear model was used to fit the river‐ditch flow relationship on which daily river flow was the explanatory variable and daily ditch flow the response variable. A strong positive relationship between river and ditch flow was observed for all but one of the ditches. Using a statistical model approach that addressed serial autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, as well as outlier observations, statistical evidence at 5% significance level was found in all ditches but one. The ditch without a positive relationship was at a downstream location, subject to upstream flow diversion that may have influenced river‐ditch flow relationships. Results from this study can be used to evaluate the potential effects of changing socioeconomic dynamics and climate change projections in the operations of these irrigation systems to better understand and manage their water resources.
Determining the underlying structure of insular isolation measures
Authors: Carter Zachary T. , Perry George L. W. , Russell James C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimIsland isolation is measured in many ways. We seek to determine what the underlying latent factors characterizing these measures are, in order to understand how they mechanistically drive island biogeographical patterns and in order to recommend the most parsimonious measures. We then test the discriminatory power of the identified components against hypotheses generated from the biogeographical patterns of invasive rats.LocationThe 890 offshore islands (≥1 hectare area) of the New Zealand archipelago (latitude: 34.1–47.3°S, longitude: 166.2–178.4°E).TaxonMammals.MethodsWe identified 16 measures that have been frequently used to characterize isolation in the past, including Euclidean‐based distance metrics, landscape connectivity metrics derived from least‐cost and circuit theory modelling, landscape buffers, stepping stones and insular area. We used principal components analysis (PCA) to synthesize the underlying structure of insular isolation with respect to terrestrial mammal dispersal. Finally, we tested the discriminatory power of retained principal components (PCs) using permutational multivariate analyses of variance (PERMANOVA). Tests include comparison of historical rat distributions, islands targeted for rat eradication and islands reinvaded by rats.ResultsThe underlying structure of island isolation as characterized in the 16 metrics was described by three independent PCA components. Variable clustering suggests that PC1 captured distance from the mainland source to the focal island (PC1 Distance), PC2 described stepping stones available along the dispersal pathway (PC2 Stepping Stones) and PC3 described the focal island's position in the landscape (PC3 Insular Network). Each discriminatory test affirmed its respective biogeographical pattern hypothesis.Main conclusionsThe three underlying components we identify form the basis of a robust description of insular isolation that is of broad importance to understanding island biogeography dynamics. Moreover, these components can be applied across taxa without extensive structural or functional assumptions because the highest loading variables are not biologically informed.
Backpack palsy and other brachial plexus neuropathies in the military population
Authors: Dorhout Mees Sanne M. , van Faals Nina L. , van Alfen Nens 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBrachial plexus neuropathy is often seen in the military population, especially due to pressure (backpack palsy, BPP) or idiopathic (neuralgic amyotrophy, NA). We aimed to gain insight in the disease characteristics of soldiers with brachial plexus neuropathies in the Dutch military population and to compare disease characteristics between patients with BPP and NA. In this retrospective chart review study we aimed to include all patients with brachial plexus neuropathy, who presented in the Joint Military Hospital between 1 January, 2011 and 31 December, 2016. We calculated the incidence of NA and BPP and Chi‐square tests or Student t tests were performed for differences in patient characteristics between NA and BPP. We included 127 patients, 63 with BPP, 45 with NA, 10 with traumatic brachial plexus neuropathy, and 9 with other plexopathy. The incidence of brachial plexus neuropathy was 50/100 000 person years overall, 25/100 000 person years for BPP, and 18/100 000 person years for NA. Patients in the BPP group differed from the NA with regard to pain (BPP 41% vs NA 93%, P = .000), atrophy (13% BPP vs 29% NA, P = .049), and sensory symptoms (83% BPP vs 44% NA, P = .000). In the BPP group 90% had incomplete recovery and in the NA group 78%. Our study showed a high incidence of BPP and NA in the military population and suggests recovery is not so benevolent as previously thought. Future research is necessary to improve insight and outcome of military patients with brachial plexus neuropathies.
Delayed skin necrosis following hyaluronic acid filler injection: A case report
Authors: Cassiano Daniel , Miyuki Iida Tatiana , Lúcia Recio Ana , Yarak Samira 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVascular compromise is a rare but serious complication of dermal filler injection. Vessel occlusion tends to have a more immediate onset of symptoms. We report a case of skin necrosis that started with pain, erythema and edema two days after hyaluronic acid filler on the forehead of a 57‐year‐old woman. The patient was treated with less than 24 hours the onset of symptoms, leaving discreet scar. The current theories that explain skin necrosis caused by HA fillers include angiospasm and embolization. The frontal region has many anastomoses, the embolized proximal vessel initially did not lead to symptoms. However, the HA inside the artery may have traveled over time and reached a terminal distal branch, which generated localized skin damage and pain. The urgent treatment of arterial occlusion and thromboembolism caused by HA injection is intralesional high‐dose hyaluronidase.
Gustatory function in persons with cerebral palsy
Authors: Nakashima Tsutomu , Suzuki Hirokazu , Sugiura Saiko , Beppu Reiko , Ishida Kazuo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGustatory function is closely related to chewing and swallowing; however, there are currently no reports regarding gustatory function in persons with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to compare the gustatory function between persons with CP and healthy controls. We investigated sweet, salty, sour and bitter tastes using the whole‐mouth method and measured the electrogustometric thresholds in the chorda tympani nerve area. Twelve participants with CP (6 women and 6 men) for whom gustatory testing was possible at our facilities, and 17 age‐matched controls (9 women and 8 men) were included. The mean age ± standard deviation was 58.6 ± 8.1 years and 58.5 ± 8.7 years in subjects with CP and controls, respectively. Taste detection and identification were significantly worse in persons with CP compared with the controls. Taste identification was more impaired than taste detection. At the highest concentration, taste identification was impossible 11 times out of 48 (12 persons × 4 kinds of tastes) in persons with CP but such a deficit was not observed in 68 attempts (17 persons × 4 kinds of tastes) involving controls. The electrogustometric thresholds were not significantly different between the groups. Gustatory function associated with chewing and swallowing is worse in persons with CP compared to the controls.
Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 modulates malignant behaviour of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Celentano Antonio , Yap Tami , Paolini Rita , Yiannis Callisthenis , Mirams Michiko , Koo Kendrick , McCullough Michael , Cirillo Nicola 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. In particular, active levels of MMP2 in cancer cells have been associated with invasion and metastasis through the degradation of basement membrane extracellular matrix proteins. However, little is known about the role of this potential biomarker in oral cancer. Our aim was to investigate the effect of MMP2 inhibition on OSCC activity in vitro, as well as to assess MMP2 dysregulation in oral cancer samples.MethodsHuman OSCC cell lines H357 and H400 were tested with the selective MMP2 inhibitor ARP101 and the MMP2 neutralising monoclonal antibody MA5‐13590 to assess cell proliferation in vitro using MTS assay. Cell migration at 12/24 h was assessed using a Transwell migration assay. Cell invasion was assessed at 24 h using a Corning Matrigel invasion assay. MMP2 expression was assessed in 208 tissue samples (related to 60 OSCC cases and nine normal control) using tissue microarray (TMA) and further analysed via TCGA.ResultsBoth ARP101 and MA5‐13590 monoclonal antibody reduced cell proliferation in both the cell lines tested. Treatment with 4μg/mL of MMP2 monoclonal antibody showed a significant decrease in cell migration at 24 hours. The administration of ARP101 and monoclonal antibody to H357 and H400 cell lines induced a drastic reduction in cell invasion at 24 h compared to the control. In patients, TCGA analysis demonstrated that oral cancer tissues express significantly higher levels of MMP2 mRNA compared to normal oral tissues. Further, IHC analysis on TMA showed significant difference in MMP2 protein expression between low and high histopathological grade OSCC.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated, for the first time, that MMP2 inhibition affects oral cancer cells ability to survive, migrate and invade in vitro. Differences between MMP2 expression in normal and malignant tissues varied. Further research on the role of MMP2 in OSCC and novel mechanisms to inhibit MMP2‐dependent pathways should be encouraged.
Characterization of Dinophysis spp. (Dinophyceae, Dinophysiales) from the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States1
Authors: Wolny Jennifer L. , Egerton Todd A. , Handy Sara M. , Stutts Whitney L. , Smith Juliette L. , Whereat Edward B. , Bachvaroff Tsvetan R. , Henrichs Darren W. , Campbell Lisa , Deeds Jonathan R. 
Published: January 2020

Due to the increasing prevalence of Dinophysis spp. and their toxins on every US coast in recent years, the need to identify and monitor for problematic Dinophysis populations has become apparent. Here, we present morphological analyses, using light and scanning electron microscopy, and rDNA sequence analysis, using a ~2‐kb sequence of ribosomal ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2, and LSU DNA, of Dinophysis collected in mid‐Atlantic estuarine and coastal waters from Virginia to New Jersey to better characterize local populations. In addition, we analyzed for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins in water and shellfish samples collected during blooms using liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and an in vitro protein phosphatase inhibition assay and compared this data to a toxin profile generated from a mid‐Atlantic Dinophysis culture. Three distinct morphospecies were documented in mid‐Atlantic surface waters: D. acuminata, D. norvegica, and a “small Dinophysis sp.” that was morphologically distinct based on multivariate analysis of morphometric data but was genetically consistent with D. acuminata. While mid‐Atlantic D. acuminata could not be distinguished from the other species in the D. acuminata‐complex (D. ovum from the Gulf of Mexico and D. sacculus from the western Mediterranean Sea) using the molecular markers chosen, it could be distinguished based on morphometrics. Okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin 1, and pectenotoxin 2 were found in filtered water and shellfish samples during Dinophysis blooms in the mid‐Atlantic region, as well as in a locally isolated D. acuminata culture. However, DSP toxins exceeded regulatory guidance concentrations only a few times during the study period and only in noncommercial shellfish samples.
Being neutral: Agnosticism, inquiry and the suspension of judgment
Authors: McGrath Matthew 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEpistemologists often claim that in addition to belief and disbelief there is a third, neutral, doxastic attitude. Various terms are used: ‘suspending judgment’, ‘withholding’, ‘agnosticism’. It is also common to claim that the factors relevant to the justification of these attitudes are epistemic in the narrow sense of being factors that bear on the strength or weakness of one's epistemic position with respect to the target proposition. This paper addresses two challenges to such traditionalism about doxastic attitudes. The first concerns the relevance of non‐epistemic factors we might call “future‐comparative” – e.g., that you'll have more decisive evidence on whether p tomorrow – to the justification of suspending judgment. The second, from Jane Friedman, is to explain the point of the neutral attitude without appealing to inquiry and thus taking goal‐related factors, which are not epistemic, such as the value of the goal or the prospects for finding means to achieve it, to bear on the justification of the neutral attitude. My defense of traditionalism relies on distinguishing three ways of being neutral on a question: agnosticism, inquiry and suspension of judgment. Traditionalism is saved because, of these, agnosticism alone is a genuine doxastic attitude.
Role of CD44 in tumor‐initiating cells of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma: More than a surface biomarker
Authors: Shen Shukun , Lu Hao , Liu Limin , Wang Yang , Zhang Chenping , Yang Wenjun , Xu Wanlin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCD44, a cell‐surface glycoprotein, functions as a receptor for hyaluronic acid. Our research group has previously shown that CD44 is a biomarker for the CD44hi cells (tumor‐initiating cells; TICs) in murine salivary gland tumors. However, little is known concerning the biological roles of CD44 in the tumorigenesis of pleomorphic adenoma. The present study is aimed to investigate the effects of CD44 on the proliferation, invasive capability, and apoptosis of TICs in vitro, as well as the tumorigenicity of TICs in vivo. The results demonstrated that knockdown of CD44 attenuated the malignant phenotype of TICs. Furthermore, in vivo xenograft studies indicated that CD44 knockdown inhibited tumorigenesis of pleomorphic adenoma. In addition, neither the CD44low cells nor the CD44‐modified CD44low cells developed neo‐tumors, which indicated that overexpression of CD44 did not enable the CD44low cells to be transformed into TICs. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CD44 not only acts as a biomarker, but also functions as a key player in the tumor‐initiating capacity of TICs. These results shed light on the pathogenesis of salivary gland tumors and provide a potential therapeutic target for treating pleomorphic adenoma.
BETWEEN EAST AND WEST: AMORGIAN POTTERY IN EARLY BRONZE AGE HERAION (SAMOS)
Authors: Menelaou Sergios , Day Peter M. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe island of Samos occupies a key position between the central Aegean and western Anatolia during the third millennium BC. A recent study of the substantial pottery assemblages from the pivotal site of Heraion has defined a rich stratigraphy covering the entire Early Bronze Age (EBA). Currently the only known EBA site on Samos, Heraion has provided the opportunity to undertake a holistic ceramic study with the aim of defining and characterizing local pottery production and, by extension, determining for the first time a secure provenance of suspected imported vessels, through the application of an integrated typological/morphological, macroscopic and microscopic (ceramic petrography) analytical methodology. This diachronic ceramic study, alongside a comparative fabric study of pottery of known origin from a number of contemporary sites, shows clear evidence for the exchange/importation of specific vessel shapes and, in the case of the collared jars, presumably their contents. This enables the reconstruction of patterns of interaction during the later phases of EB II, when there was a particular acceleration in the movement of goods. The present paper draws on a distinctive ceramic class (blue and red schist/phyllite fabrics/wares) and vessel types (transport jars with incised/slashed handles and beaked jugs with a two‐stage neck profile) particular to the EB II late period and discusses them in relation to already published or analysed data from selected Cycladic and Anatolian sites.
Impact of integrated mental health care on food insecurity of households of people with severe mental illness in a rural African district: a community‐based, controlled before–after study
Authors: Tirfessa Kebede , Lund Crick , Medhin Girmay , Selamu Medhin , Birhane Rahel , Hailemichael Yohannes , Fekadu Abebaw , Hanlon Charlotte 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of integrated mental health care upon food insecurity (FI) in households of people with severe mental illness (SMI) in a rural Ethiopian district, and to investigate mediation by improved work impairment and discrimination.MethodsA community‐based, controlled before–after study was conducted. People with probable SMI were identified in the community, diagnosed by primary healthcare workers, with diagnostic confirmation from a psychiatric nurse. Households of a person with SMI were matched to control households. District‐wide integration of mental health care was implemented. Change in FI status over 12 months of follow‐up was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Multivariable models were used to assess improvement in FI. Direct and indirect mediators of change in FI status were modelled using path analysis.ResultsA total of 239 (81.8%) people with SMI and 273 (96.5%) control households were assessed after 12 months. Maintenance of food security or improvement in food insecurity status was observed in 51.5% of households of a person with SMI vs. 39.7% of control households (adjusted risk ratio 1.41: 95% CI 1.11, 1.80). Reduction in symptom severity was indirectly associated with improved FI status via an impact on reducing work impairment and discrimination (P < 0.001).ConclusionsImproving access to mental health care may reduce food insecurity in households of people with SMI. Optimising engagement in care and adding interventions to improve work functioning and tackle discrimination may further reduce food insecurity.
Three decades of globalisation: Which countries won, which lost?
Authors: Gunter Bernhard G. , Wilcher Britni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe world average exports‐to‐GDP ratio increased from 17% in 1985 to 27% in 2015. Hence, world exports have grown much faster than world GDP. However, despite this overall trade integration, which is a key aspect of globalisation, the exports‐to‐GDP ratios have declined for 29 of the 118 countries with such data from 1985 to 2015. Some countries have been driving globalisation, while others have become marginalised. This paper examines three decades of globalisation to shed some light upon which countries might be considered winners and which countries might be considered losers of globalisation. After summarising the evolution of income and income per capita, we examine the evolution of exports and net inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI). Contradictory to previous decades, we show there are now many countries from all income groups that have either experienced marginalisation or been driving globalisation. We then use novel regression analysis to review the robustness of generally accepted drivers of globalisation and marginalisation, with education and macroeconomic stability being the two most robust determinants.
Bias between two methods of albumin measurement in the white rhinoceros, Ceratotherium simum
Authors: Hooijberg Emma H. , Cray Carolyn , Miller Michele , Buss Peter , Steenkamp Gerhard , Goddard Amelia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe bromocresol green (BCG) method has been reported to overestimate serum albumin concentration in several species due to non‐specific binding to globulins. As the white rhinoceros has high concentrations of serum globulins, significant differences in albumin measured by the BCG method, and the field method of agarose gel serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) are expected.ObjectivesWe aimed to compare the BCG and SPE methods for albumin determination in the serum of white rhinoceroses.MethodsSPE and BCG albumin were measured in 82 white rhinoceros serum samples. Results were compared using Bland‐Altman difference plots and Passing‐Bablok regression analysis.ResultsBCG albumin showed a significant mean constant positive bias of 7 g/L, or 36%, which was more than the total allowable error of 15% and was clinically significant. Methods were not comparable within the inherent imprecision of each method.ConclusionsThe BCG method overestimated albumin concentrations in this species compared with agarose gel SPE, and method‐specific reference intervals should be used.
Experimental Characterization of Two-Phase Flow Through Valves Applied to Liquid-Assisted Gas-Lift
Authors: Coutinho Renato P. , Waltrich Paulo J. , Williams Wesley C. , Mehdizadeh Parviz , Scott Stuart , Xu Jun , Mabrye Wayne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Liquid-assisted gas-lift (LAGL) is a recently developed concept to unload wells using a gas–liquid fluid mixture. The success deployment of the LAGL technology is related to the behavior of two-phase flow through gas-lift valves. For this reason, this work presents an experimental and numerical study on two-phase flow through orifice gas-lift valves used in liquid-assisted gas-lift unloading. To the knowledge of the authors, there is no investigation in the literature on experimental characterization of two-phase flow through gas-lift valves. Experimental data are presented for methane-water flow through gas-lift valves with different orifice port sizes: 12.7 and 17.5 mm. The experiments were performed for pressures ranging from 1.00 to 9.00 MPa, gas flow rates from 0 to 4.71 m3/h, and water flow rate from 0 to 0.68 m3/min. The experimental results are compared to numerical models published in the literature for two-phase flow through restrictions and to commercial multiphase flow simulators. It is observed that some models developed for two-phase flow through restrictions could successfully characterize two-phase flow thorough gas-lift valves with errors lower than 10%. However, it is first necessary to experimentally determine the discharge coefficient (CD) for each gas-lift valve. The commercial flow simulators showed a similar performance as the models available in the literature.