bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Added Lactose (Nonfat Dry Milk) in Meat Products. I. Colorimetric Method
Authors: Karasz A B , Gantenbein W M , Bokus L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A colorimetric method is described for the quantitative determination of lactose in meat products, based on the reaction of lactose with methylamine. After enzymatic removal of maltose and glucose, absorbance of the reaction product is measured at 540 nm. The method is applicable in the presence of corn sirup solids and is suitable for the routine surveillance of the nonfat dry milk content of processed meats. Average recovery of nonfat dry milk was 98.0%. The precision of the method is good, with a standard deviation of 0.013 for replicate analyses and a relative standard deviation of 5.5 parts/1000.
Determination of Lactose (Nonfat Dry Milk) in Meat Products. II. Automated Method
Authors: Gantenbein W M , Karasz A B , Bokus L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid method for the determination of lactose in meat products has been developed. The method involves a manual extraction of the sample, purification, proportioning, mixing, and reacting the sample extract and reagents in a newly designed AutoAnalyzer system assembled from basic Technicon components. Lactose present in the sample extract is reacted with methylamine hydrochloride at 95°C in an alkaline medium to produce a red product with an absorption maximum at 540 nm. Interference due to the presence of maltose and glucose in the meat product is eliminated by enzyme hydrolysis with maltase and glucose oxidase. Slight interference from substances such as creatine, which are naturally present in meat tissue, is compensated for by preparing standard lactose solutions in a meat product extract. The method is applicable to samples containing 0.25-2.0% lactose (0.5-4.0% nonfat dry milk). Recovery of nonfat dry milk from fortified samples averaged 95.6%. Reproducibility is good, with a range of 0.09%, a standard deviation of ±0.030, and a relative standard deviation of 14.4 parts/1000. With this method, a single analyst is capable of analyzing approximately 40 samples/day for nonfat dry milk content.
Simplified Procedure for the Purification of Ochratoxin A from Extracts of Penicillium viridicatum
Authors: Scott P M , Kennedy B , Walbeek W Van 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Substantial purification of ochratoxin A in chloroform extracts of Penicillium viridicatum can be achieved by column chromatography on silica gel impregnated with 5% oxalic acid dihydrate. Ochratoxin A is eluted by chloroform-acetone (99 + 1 or 98 + 2). The method is simple and rapid and has the advantage that, although further purification via sodium bicarbonate is needed, preparative thin layer chromatography is unnecessary.
Recovery System for Mercury Catalyst Used in Kjeldahl Analysis
Authors: Dillon P L , Caldwell M J , Gehrt A J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple system has been developed for recovering mercury used as a catalyst in the Kjeldahl analysis. The equipment consists of two 55 gal. stainless steel drums connected by an overflow. Mercuric sulfide sludge settles in the first drum and the clear, essentially mercury-free effluent passes to the second drum, which is periodically discharged to the sewer. Analyses show over 99.99% removal of mercury from the effluent.
Modified Resazurin Test for Estimating Bacterial Counts in Maple Sap: Color Standards
Authors: Kissinger J C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An end point color standard based on reflectance, which can be described by the Munsell system of color notation, was developed for the modified resazurin test used to estimate bacterial counts in maple sap. In order to secure a reflected color, a sterile, nonfat milk solution was added to the clear sap-dye test solution to render it opaque. Results of tests made in accordance with this method are presented in graphic form.
Determination of Formaldehyde in Maple Sirup: Interfering Substances
Authors: Underwood J C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Three carbonyl compounds isolated from maple sirup by distillation as in the AOAC official method for formaldehyde have been identified by mass spectrometry as formaldehyde, acetone, and acetaldehyde. Acetone and acetaldehyde do not interfere with the formaldehyde determination if the procedure of the AOAC official method is followed; acetol and glyoxal also do not cause errors in the formaldehyde value. Tests run have shown the modified Nash method (31.184–31.189) adopted as official final action to be extremely specific for formaldehyde in maple sirup.
Chlortetracycline Residues in Eggs from Hens on Chlortetracycline-Supplemented Diets
Authors: Katz Stanley E , Fassbender Carol A , Dowling John J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chlortetracycline was fed continuously to laying hens at levels of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/ton for a period of 4 months. Eggs from hens on the hasal ration showed a miniscule rate of positives, 2.1%; eggs from hens fed 50, 100, and 150 g/ton showed a positive presumptive rate of 58.3, 11.8, and 3.5% and a measurable residue rate of 11.1, 83.8, and 94.9%; and eggs from hens fed 200 g/ton had a 100% measurable rate. Preparation of eggs by several cooking procedures indicated a 30–50% retention of potency.
Rapid Method for the Determination of Proof of Alcoholic Products Containing Dissolved Solids
Authors: Strunk Duane H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid and accurate method is described for determining proof of alcoholic products containing dissolved solids. Samples are distilled in a Jaulmes distillation unit and alcohol concentration is determined by a proof hydrometer. Shortened analysis time is due to the rapid distillation rate afforded by the Jaulmes unit. Recovery data and comparisons with results by a modified AOAC method are presented for 18 commercial alcoholic beverages. Results obtained, using the 2 methods, were in good agreement; a maximum difference in results of 0.4° proof was found for 2 of the 18 samples tested.
Collaborative Study of the Single Tablet Determination of Reserpine
Authors: Barkan Susan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A fluorometric single tablet determination of reserpine was subjected to collaborative study. Fourteen collaborators, divided into 2 groups, analyzed commercial 0.1 and 1 mg tablets and single tablet weights of the respective composites prepared from the same tablets. The analyses were satisfactory and the collaborators reported that the method presented no difficulties. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official first action.
Partition Chromatographic-Gravimetric Assay of Opium
Authors: Smith Edward , Sheixix Eric B , Levixe Joseph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The current AOAC method for the determination of morphine in opium, 36.031–36.035, utilizes a 3-column partition chromatographic system for the isolation of morphine, with spectrophotometric measurement of the product. The same partition system has been modified to accommodate a larger sample size to permit a gravimetric measurement of the isolated morphine as its dinitrophenyl ether. The gravimetric procedure yields values comparable to those obtained by the much shorter and simpler UV method.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Diethylstilbestrol Dimethyl Ether in Diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Gainer F E , Chiasson W J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A GLC method is described for the determination of the dimethyl ether of diethylstilbestrol (DME) in diethylstilbestrol (DES). A 1 g sample of DES is dissolved in an aqueous solution of 0.5N NaOH and then extracted with a chloroform solution containing benefin, the internal standard. An aliquot of the chloroform layer is chromatographed and the DME peak is measured relative to the internal standard peak. The method was tested for accuracy within the 11–110 ppm range and a linear plot of detector response vs. concentration was obtained.
Human Plasma Iron Responses Following Test Doses of Iron from Known Sources
Authors: Pla Gwendolyn W , Fritz James C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effects of certain dietary components on iron absorption in human subjects. Iron absorption was measured by plasma iron responses following test doses of iron as ferrous sulfate or ferric pyrophosphate alone or with egg, enriched white bread, or ascorbic acid. The effects of egg on iron absorption were inconclusive. Phytates at the level present in enriched white bread had no adverse effects and 500 mg ascorbic acid proved beneficial.
Determination of Moisture in Raisins
Authors: Bolin H R , Stafford A E , Mackey B E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The official AOAC method, section 22.012, and the dried fruit moisture tester method for determining moisture in raisins have been collaboratively studied. There is good agreement between the 2 methods with less than ± 1% moisture difference being noted in the 10–20% range. Results indicate that the dried fruit moisture charts are accurate throughout their temperature range. It is recommended that the dried fruit moisture tester method be adopted as official first action for the determination of moisture in raisins.
Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Starch in Tobacco
Authors: Sensabaugh A J , Rush Kenneth L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is presented for extracting and determining the starch content of tobacco. Dried tobacco is ground to pass a 60 mesh screen, interfering colored materials are removed from the tobacco by a methanol-water extraction, and the starch is extracted from the tobacco by a perchloric acid treatment. Final quantitative measurement of the starch is made on a colored starch–iodine complex. The absorbance of this colored complex at 600 nm is proportional to the concentration of the starch in solution and can be related to the starch content of the original tobacco sample. Also included is a procedure for the isolation of pure tobacco starch. Such material was prepared for use as a calibration standard needed for the calculation of starch content of tobacco samples from the colorimetric data.
Collaborative Study of a New Method for the Extraction of Light Filth from Ground Coffee
Authors: Thrasher Joel J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A collaborative study has been completed on a new method for light filth in ground coffee. The sample is defatted with chloroform, dried, and boiled in water; isopropanol is added and the sample is boiled again. Light filth is trapped off with mineral oil from a hot solution. The method yields better recoveries of insect fragments and rodent hairs than the official method. Other advantages are less analytical time, cleaner filter papers, and elimination of the use of carbon tetrachloride. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official first action to replace 40.007(b) for the isolation of light filth from ground coffee and that the hydrogen peroxide bleaching technique described earlier be adopted as a procedure to replace the sodium hypochlorite technique described in 40.006.
Collaborative Study of an Improved Method for the Isolation of Filth from Starches
Authors: Gecan John S , Brickey Paris M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The official AOAC method for filth in starches, 40.056, has been modified to obtain better recovery of extraneous materials. In lieu of wet sieving on a No. 140 sieve, the modified method utilizes No. 230 wet sieving followed by an acid hydrolysis, if excessive starch material remains on the sieve. A limited collaborative study comparing the improved method with the official method resulted in higher recoveries of rodent hairs and equivalent recoveries of other spike elements by the improved method. The improved method is recommended for adoption as official first action to replace 40.056.
Collaborative Study of a Method for the Extraction of Light Filth from Bulk and Link Pork Sausage
Authors: Gecan John S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for extraction of light filth from bulk and link sausage. The sample is dispersed with Tergitol 7 anionic, wet sieved, defatted with chloroform, deaerated, and extracted with a mineral oil-nheptane mixture from cooled 40% isopropanol. The collaborative study resulted in good recoveries and clean extraction papers. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
Collaborative Study of a New Method for the Extraction of Light Filth from Black and White Ground Pepper
Authors: Dent Russell G , Brickey Paris M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the method described, the black or white ground pepper sample is slurried with water and wet sieved. The pepper residue is defatted during the sieving step. Flotation extraction of the sieved material utilizes a combination of n-heptane-mineral oil as the oil layer over 40% isopropanol. Collaborative studies resulted in reproducible recoveries and light-to-medium laden filter papers. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official first action to replace 40.109(b).
Determination of Mercury in Biological Samples by Flameless Atomic Absorption After Combustion and Mercury-Silver Amalgamation
Authors: Okuno Iwao , Wilson Richard A , White Robert E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described that combines combustion with amalgamation of mercury with silver for determining low levels of mercury by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Samples are burned with oxygen in a combustion flask and the combustion products are dissolved in dilute HCl. Mercury is extracted from solution by amalgamating on a silver wire and then volatilized into an atomic absorption cell by electrically heating the silver wire. An average recovery of 91.4% was obtained from tissue samples spiked with inorganic and organic mercury compounds at levels of 0.01 to 1.0 ppm mercury. The coefficient of variation for duplicate determinations was 14.2%. The method is relatively simple and is applicable to any material that can be burned by the combustion procedure.
Effects of Solvent Composition on the Partition of Amines: Extraction of the Free Base
Authors: Doyle Thomas D , Proctor Joseph B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Extraction constants are given for the free bases of 20 pharmaceutical amines in a water and chloroform-isooctane system. The variation of extraction with solvent composition is nonlinear and may be described by an exponential function in which the value of the exponent is related empirically to the extraction in the pure solvents.
Partition Chromatography of Barbiturates in Combinations with Salicylamide and Other Drugs
Authors: Hall Robert J , Levine Joseph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Barbiturates can be separated from salicylamide by trapping the latter on a partition chromatographic column in which ferric chloride or ferric chloride-urea is the immobile phase, and isooctane-ether mixtures are the mobile phase. Experimental conditions must be selected in accord with the partition characteristics of the individual barbiturate. Analyses are presented of commercial preparations of amobarbital, pentobarbital, and butabarbital with salicylamide together with a variety of other drugs.
Identification of Polychlorobiphenyls by High Resolution Proton Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Bartle K D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mass spectrometry allows the number of chlorine atoms per polychlorobiphenyl molecule to be determined but not the positions of substitution. A method of identifying PCB components from high resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra is illustrated by application to 2,5,2′,5′-tetrachloro- and 2,3,4,2′,4′,- 5′-hexachlorobiphenyls separated by gas chromatography from a commercial PCB mixture.
Formation of β-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Eggs During Incubation
Authors: Salwin Harold , Staruszkiewicz Walter F , Bond John F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
β-Hydroxybutyric acid was identified in incubator-reject eggs from commercial hatcheries. The circumstances relating to its occurrence were investigated in a laboratory study of incubation. The observed changes in concentration of the acid at several stages during ncubation were consistent with known metabolic processes that are operative in chicken embryos. The results indicated that analyses for β-hydroxybutyric acid are poteutialry useful for identifying incubator-reject eggs that may be diverted unlawfully into human food channels.
Vertical Plate Gel Electrophoresis for the Differentiation of Meat Species
Authors: Coduri R J , Rand A G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of fresh meat sarcoplasmic proteins by the vertical plat e technique was studied as a method for the detection and identification of pure and mixed species extracts. A single 7% Cyanogum gel containing 1M urea, in conjunction with a tris-chloride, tris-glycine discontinuous buffer system, produced satisfactory resolution of single species and mixed species muscle protein extracts. Eleetrophoretie patterns were obtained by direct analysis of meat proteins extracted with a tris-chloride-10% glucose extraction buffer at pH 6.7. Mixtures of beef and pork and beef and horse were easily identified. The possibility for a d a p t i n g t h e eleetrophoretie procedure to the analysis of cooked meat products and non-meat proteins is discussed.
Methods for the Analysis of Beer
Authors: Stone Irwin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Four new methods relating to beer were released by the American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC) prior to their publication in t h e forthcoming revised edition of their book of methods. Three of these methods were subm i t t e d to t h e AOAC and were adopted as official first action: (1) cuprethol alternative method for the determination of copper in beer; (2) color of laboratory wort method to replace the present methods; ami (3) caloric content of beer as calculated from analytical data . The fourth method, “Accelerated Haze After Chilling,” was regarded as outside the field of general interest to the AOAC and therefore was not submitted for adoption. The methods proposed for adoption have been adopted as official first action.
Analysis for Aflatoxins in Products Containing Alcohol
Authors: Moor Julia L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The official first action method for aflatoxins In peanuts and peanut products, Method I, 26,015-26.020, has heen modified for application to products containing 10% or more alcohol. In the modified method, the sample is extracted with chloroform and filtered, and the entire chloroform extract is evaporated and cleaned up on a silica gel column, if necessary. The extract is spotted on a TLC plate and the aflatoxin is determined by fluorescence under UV light. Seven samples of wine and duplicate samples of an iron tonic Mere spiked with aflatoxin B1; recoveries ranged from 90 to 100%. The sensitivity of this method is less than 1 µg/L. It is recommended that the method he subjected to a collahorative study.
Composition and Analysis of the Carotenoids in Marigold Petals
Authors: Quackenbush F W , Miller Sharon L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A modification of the current official first action method for carotenes and xanthophylls in dried plant materials and mixed feeds, 39.018–39.023, is presented for the analysis of the pigments in marigold petal meal and in feeds which contain it. Marigolds of different types and colors were grown locally from seed and the carotenoids of their petals were extracted, saponified, and chromalographed. Little variation in pigment distribution was observed in the different varieties and in commercial marigold petal meals. Of the 17 different pigments which were separated, lutein was preponderant; lutein plus zeaxanthin constituted 88–92% of the total. Epoxy pigments were less than 3% of the total. The wax-like nature of the xanthophyll esters in marigold petals neccssitates treatment with hot melhanolic KOH prior to chromatography. It is recommended that a collaborative study be initiated (a) to test the hot methanolic KOH treatment as an alternative procedure for all analyses, (b) to adapt the current official first action method to include the analysis of petal meal and mixed feeds containing it.
Analysis of Cyclofenil in Bovine Tissue
Authors: Crucs Robert J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An extraction and cleanup procedure is described for the analysis of cyclofenil in bovine muscle tissue. Flame ionization gas chromatography is used as the determinative step. An average recovery of 95% cyclofenil was obtained for tissue fortified with 0.5–30 μg cyclofenil/25g sample.
Identification of Canned Salmon Species by Scale Characteristics
Authors: Newton Richard T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An additional collaborative study on the identification of canned salmon species, based on the method and key published earlier, was conducted in 1971. All of the 8 collaborators were able to find usable and intact scales for mounting and identification. The overall percent correct identifications for 48 samples for the 8 collaborators was 79%. Three collaborators correctly identified all 6 samples and 3 more had only 1 of 6 samples incorrectly identified. Since the pink species was correctly identified in all cases and the chum species was correctly identified in 9 of 11 samples, the method has been adopted as official first action for the identification of these 2 species. Additional work will be done to eliminate the problems encountered with the sockeye, coho, and chinook species.
Spot Test for Detection of Urea in Foods and Feeds
Authors: Roy B R , Bosk P K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A colorimetric test for the detection of urea has been adapted as a spot test on filter paper for food and feed materials. This test is rapid and sensitive and requires no cleanup before analysis. Some degree of chromatographic separation between the color generated and interfering substances is achieved in the test. Contamination with 1% or less of urea can be detected. Samples of wheat, pulses, and wheat bran spiked with urea were subjected to this test and the recovery of added urea was good.
Collaborative Study of the Automatic Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen Determination
Authors: Scroggins La Verne H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for t h e simultaneous determination of per cent carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, employing automatic instrumentation, was tested by 10 collaborators. The samples analyzed were acetanilide, nicotinic acid, stearic acid, methyl palmitate, and ethyllaurate . Evaluation of the statistical data and overall consideration indicate satisfactory results for all types of compounds studied. The method was adopted as official first action.
Collaborative Study of Microanalytical Determination of Bromine and Chlorine by Oxygen Flask Combustion
Authors: Steyermark Al , Lalaxcette Roger A , Contreras Elise M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Twenty-six collaborators participated in the study of a specific method using oxygen flask combustion followed by mercurimetric titration of the ionic halide. With the exception of 3 collaborators, all obtained good results for bromine, although a fourth collaborator obtained borderline results. Including data from all collaborators gave: mean, 36.90%; mean–theory, -0.43%; standard deviation, 0.31; and standard deviation of the means, 1.59. Omitting results of 3 collaborators, the figures become: 37.36%, +0.03%, 0.20, and 0.20, respectively. Omitting results of 4 collaborators, the values become: 37.33%, 0.00%, 0.18, and 0.15, respectively. Similar results were obtained for chlorine. The results from all collaborators gave: mean, 20.76%; mean – theory, -0.14%; standard deviation, 0.18; and standard deviation of the means, 0.48. Omitting results of 3 collaborators (the same as those for bromine), the values are : 20.89%, -0.01%, 0.14, and 0.12, respectively. Omitting the results of a fourth collaborator was not considered necessary, because the results for chlorine were borderline, and including them still gave a good overall picture. The method was adopted as official first action as an alternative to the Carius method for the determination of bromine and chlorine in organic compounds.