bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interest rates calculation in certain ordinary annuities
Authors: Flórez M , Vera M , Salazar-Torres J , Huérfano Y , Gelvez-Almeida E , Valbuena O , Vera M I , Aranguen M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Certain annuities are annuities whose payments occur on fixed dates; while a certain ordinary annuity is one in which payments are made at the end of each established period. The calculation of the interest rate, which governs the certain ordinary annuity, involves the use of a non-analytical equation that requires the application of numerical techniques to obtain the value of the aforementioned rate. The literature indicates that any of these techniques requires one or several numerical values for initialization, which generally are estimated using trial techniques, graphical methods or values present in pre-established tables. Through this article, a new robust methodology is proposed that calculates the useful numerical values to initialize the linear interpolation technique, which is used to calculate the interest rate linked to the certain ordinary annuity. The proposed methodology generates initialization values, one by default and the other by excess, which allow us to limit the value of the certain ordinary annuity interest rate considered. Finally, we generated a new strategy that constitutes a novel mathematical model for interest rates calculation in the context of certain ordinary annuity. The percentage relative error obtained indicates the excellent performance of the aforementioned mathematical model.
Newton-Raphson method initialization for non-analytical equations solution linked to anticipated annuities
Authors: Vera M , Flórez M , Salazar-Torres J , Huérfano Y , Gelvez-Almeida E , Valbuena O , Vera M I , Aranguen M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The series of payments made in equal intervals of time is known, in the world of financial mathematics, as an annuity. An anticipated annuity is one whose periodic payment expires at the beginning of the established payment interval. The non-analytical equation that allows us to calculate the interest rate, linked to the anticipated annuity, can be solved using several numerical methods, in particular, the numerical method called Newton-Rhapson. The main problem with this method is its initialization, which requires of one starting point that, usually, is estimated without any scientific background or using random or arbitraries mechanisms. In order to address this problem, in this paper, we establish as main objective to demonstrate that the Newton-Rhapson method can be initialized using only the data, of an anticipated annuity, identified as capital, income and payment intervals without the need to use the initialization strategies, reported in the literature. Through this article, a strategy is presented that allow us to calculate the value of the AA interest rate using the MNR. The value of the error generated for the problematic considered in order to assess the quality of the work performed, is a clear indicator of the good performance of the proposed strategy. This strategy for obtaining the starting point of the aforementioned numerical method is useful in the financial mathematical context, for example, when is necessary the interest rate calculation.
Communications skills from methodology creative and model of the united nations
Authors: Leal O L Rincón , Leal J F Rincón , Ortega M Vergel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
this article is result of the research which main objective was analyzed factors and influence of methodology creative and nations united model in the development of abilities in communication of the students of the ninth grade. the methodology incorporates writing texts, set ups, and descriptive researches. The investigation was oriented quantitative focus with an analysis technique of multiple results factorial, identified profiles of students with character of leaders; the sample incorporated 150 students of educational institutions in Norte de Santander-Colombia. The results allow us to observe four factors associated with communicative skills: pragmatic, with the practice skills for the readings production; factor normative, belongs to etic based parameters, factor diplomatic negotiator, skill to intercede in conflicts and factor communicative in assign tasks to groups and planning. Apply the methodology denominated creative and United Nations model, developed and enhance political communications skills, democratic, of planning communicative and ethical.
Space-occupying lesions identification in mammary glands using a mixed computational strategy
Authors: Vargas S , Vera M I , Vera M , Salazar-Torres J , Huérfano Y , Valbuena O , Gelvez-Almeida E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The mammary pathology can manifest itself in multiple ways and originates space-occupying lesions. The breast cancer is a space-occupying lesion, which is highly prevalent, especially in women, and worldwide it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in this population. The main image modality for breast cancer detection is the magnetic resonance but this kind of image modality introduces several imperfections that affect the image quality. Some of these imperfections or problems are: inhomogeneity in the anatomical structures, riccian noise and artifacts. These problems make the analysis of the image information a real challenge. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose a computational technique able to extract a space-occupying lesion linked to breast cancer, present in magnetic resonance images. For this, the original image is processed with statistical-arithmetic filters and segmentation algorithms based on thresholding and multi-seed region growing techniques. The results, based on Dice score, show that the proposed technique is suitable for segmenting the breast cancer due high correlation between semi-automatic and manual segmentations. This technique can be useful in the detection, characterization and monitoring of this type of cancer and it can let to medical doctors to realize their work more efficiently.
Change of Soil Erosion Characteristic under Different Vegetation
Authors: Zhenzhou Shen , Wenyi Yao , Guoqiang Yu , Peiqing Xiao , zhaoyue Li , Ma Zhilin , Chengran Jing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The runoff amount, soil erosion amount and infiltration rate were analyzed on different rainfall and different underlying horizon in base of yellow river institute of hydraulic research at 2018. The date shows: the runoff amount of bare slope is 7 times that of grass slope, the runoff amount of heavy rainfall is 2 times that of middle rainfall and is 20 times that of small rainfall; the soil erosion amount of bare slope and arable slope is 100 times that of grass slope; the steady soil erosion amount of small rainfall is 1/4 times that of middle rainfall and is 1/30 times that of heavy rainfall on grass slope; the infiltration rate of bare slope and arable slope is 1/3 times of grass slope; the grass slope infiltration rate is about 0.6mm/min in small rainfall, the middle and heavy rainfall get the steady infiltration rate at experiment continue 30min and 12min.
Research on Quality Control in Food Physical and Chemical Testing
Authors: Lihua Zhang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Food physical and chemical testing is the use of physical and chemical means to test the quality of food, is an important means of food quality and safety control. Nowadays, China’s food quality and safety issues are more serious, food insecurity incidents occur frequently, which poses a greater threat to consumers’ health and life safety. All relevant departments should pay more attention to food quality and safety. In the process of physical and chemical testing of food, many interference factors, such as environmental factors, human factors, reagent purity, instrument accuracy and experimental method selection, will have adverse effects on food inspection results, affecting the accuracy of data. In the process of physical and chemical testing of food, these interference factors should be strictly controlled to ensure the accuracy of the test results. In this paper, the author will analyze and discuss the means of quality control in the process of physical and chemical testing of food, in order to provide reference for relevant people and improve together. The quality of food physical and chemical testing ensures food safety.
A Modified Double Yield Surface Model of Frozen Soil Considering Particle Breakage
Authors: Luo Fei , Guo Fang Yan , Cai Siwen , Liu Yuxin , Wei Wei , Ji Lin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As a basic phenomenon of granular materials under high stress conditions, particle breakage has an important influence on the strength and stress-strain relationship of materials. It is generally believed that that frozen soil undergoes significant particle breakage during the triaxial shearing process. Based on original double yield surface model, a modified double yield surface constitutive model which considered particle breakage has been proposed. Compared with the experimental data, the proposed double yield surface model can describe its strain softening characteristics, dilatancy, elastoplasticity and particle breakage characteristics.
Design of dust monitoring system in coal mine
Authors: Yuyuan Du , Renci Zhao , Changlong Jiang , Shoufeng Tang , Minming Tong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Coal dust is one of the main factors affecting the safety of coal mine production and the life and health of workers. In order to accurately and efficiently monitor the coal dust generated in the production process, the measurement system is designed and the non-contact dual-light proportional difference detection method is adopted. Through calculation and simulation, the parameters of the key link are calculated, and the on-line concentration monitoring system, which is suitable for wide field and wide measurement range is designed. Experimental data show that the reliability and accuracy of the measurement system meet the design requirements.
Research on Leaching Rehabilltation of Heavy metal Contaminated Soil
Authors: Fang F. , Cui S. , Zhang Q. K. , Song J. H. , Jiang C. J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With the development of heavy industry, the problem of soil contaminated by heavy metals has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, it is of great significance to find an efficient method to treat soil contaminated by heavy metals. Soil leaching technology is a common technology to remediate contaminated soil by chemical principles. The specific operation is to inject chemical solvents, such as inorganic eluents, complexing agents and surfactants, which can promote the dissolution or migration of soil pollutants into the contaminated soil, so as to dissolve, separate and treat the pollutants from the soil. It has the advantages of good repair effect and short repair cycle, and has attracted wide attention. In this paper, the sources of heavy metal contaminated soil, the existing soil remediation technology, and the research progress of heavy metal contaminated soil leaching remediation technology are discussed. It is hoped that this paper can provide reference for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.
Focus on the investment of Waste Incineration in China—Based on PEST-SWOT analysis
Authors: Li Yun , Zhao Min 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to the rapid development of economy and the increase of population, the number of municipal solid waste in China is increasing, and the harmless disposal of waste is the urgent problem to be solved. The paper use PEST-SWOT model to analyze the investment environment of waste incinera-tion power generation industry. Also it analyzed the investment environment of waste incineration power generation industry from four aspects of policy, economy, society and technology, and point out the opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses of it, which can provide the reference for inventors. Based on the analysis, the paper put forward corresponding policy recommendations. It has far-reaching significance for the healthy development of waste incineration power generation industry in China.
Investigation and Diversity Analysis of White Rot Fungus Resources in Xian-weng Mountain National Forest Park in Yichun
Authors: Zhang Yuehua , Wang Xue , Miao Tianlin , Wang Changbao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The diversity of white rot fungi in Xian-weng Mountain National Forest Park was investigated by randomized method and key area sampling survey method. According to apparent characteristics, living habits and structural analysis, comparative literature and expert consultation were used. The collected white rot fungi specimens were classified and identified. The white rot fungi are abundant in the Xian-weng Mountain National Forest Park, mostly distributed in broad-leaved forests, followed by mixed forests and coniferous forests. The white rot fungi in Xian-weng Mountain National Forest Park has good development and application prospects.
Noise Reduction of the Ecological Sound Barrier
Authors: Huang Shufang , Yuan Minmin , Zhao Ming , Shang Xiaodong , Wei Xianwei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In China, harmonious environmental protection is more important and advocate in main position today. Building ecological noise barrier can not only reduce environment noise effect, but also better integrate with the environment along the traffic. This paper investigated the typical ecological noise barrier built in China highway, and measured the noise reduction on the site. Combined with the idea of green road construction, proposed the development trend of ecological noise barrier and provided the reference for the noise reduction in the transportation industry.
Noise Control Methods and Countermeasures in Traffic Infrastructure Reconstruction and Expansion
Authors: Huang Shufang , Liu Huan , Sun Zhiqiang , Wang Yanqin , Yuan Minmin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With the rapid development of the national economy, the reconstruction and expansion of traffic infrastructure has been growing, and new types of traffic noise have appeared. Based on the measurement and analysis of the noise contribution of traffic infrastructure reconstruction and expansion, combined with the propagation characteristics and distribution characteristics of traffic noise, this paper proposes methods and countermeasures to control the contribution of traffic noise, so as to reduce the Incremental noise effect caused by the reconstruction and expansion of traffic infrastructure.
Study on the formation mechanism of the landslide in the old cellar in Wanzhou
Authors: Hu Ting , Zhang Jinhao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The natural geological conditions in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area are complex, which are the frequent and severe geological hazards in China. With the operation of reservoirs, the occurrence of geological hazards is aggravated. This not only causes great loss of life and property, but also destroys the geological environment and hinders the sustainable development of regional economy. Since the formation of Laojiaolin landslide in Wanzhou District, there have been many landslides and deformations, and the landslide body is densely populated and houses are dense. Deformation bodies often cause cracks and dislocations of main road facilities and residential buildings, triggered by extreme rainstorms, floods and other factors, which can cause sustained and rapid deformations, which will directly promote the inclination of residential buildings. The collapse has resulted in major disasters and accidents, which have posed a serious threat to the lives and property safety of the people in the region. It is of great practical significance to study the formation mechanism of landslides.
Design and operation effect of corn starch wastewater treatment project
Authors: Hong Wei , Zhang Zengguo , Liang Shihua , Hong Guangbo , Jin Xiaopei , Zhuang Huidong , Li hua , Yu Changwei , Chen Huihui 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The corn starch wastewater was treated by the combination of “IC anaerobic + two-stage AO biochemical + modified Fenton”. The design parameters and treatment effects of the main construction sections of the project were introduced. The operation results of the project show that the combined process has a good treatment effect on corn starch wastewater. In the case where the average concentration of COD in the influent water is 17640 mg/L, the average concentration of NH3-N is 91.1 mg/L, and the average concentration of TN is 1266 mg/L. The average concentration of the COD, NH3-N and TN in the effluent water after treatment are 36mg/L, 1.2mg/L and 11.6mg/L, respectively, which meets the design standard requirements. The process control method of using some high-concentration organic wastewater beyond the anaerobic section can achieve the standard treatment of total nitrogen without the need of external supplementary carbon source, which has significant economic benefits.
Evaluation on Utilization Effect of Highway Wildlife Corridor in Desert and Gobi Area
Authors: Zhou Gang , Shao Shegang , Wu Xiaomin , Zhu Yufeng , Zhang Hongfeng , Wang Zhaoming 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Taking the design of wildlife corridor from Mingshui to Hami section of national expressway from Beijing to Urumqi as an example. From January 2015 to May 2018, the project team monitored and studied the wildlife utilization of 13 corridors along the route from Mingshui to Hami. The results show that wildlife along the highway has begun to use Bridges, culverts and passageways to cross the highway.
Sequestration of inorganic carbon in groundwater of arid saline-alkali area
Authors: Yu Junxia , Jiao Yan , Liu Lijia , Yu Yaze , Song Chunni 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
It has been reported that the saline/alkaline groundwater aquifer is a potentially large active inorganic carbon pool. This paper reviews the formation mechanism and the carbon storage path of inorganic carbon in groundwater of arid saline-alkali area. The geochemical carbon sequestration processes (CO2-water-rock interaction and mineral capture) known as the “capture-rereaction” model, are considered to be the most effective means of long-term CO2 storage, since the saline aquifers are covered with thick saline-alkali soils, once CO2 is involved in rock weathering or mineralization, it will become a part of the geological structure that can hardly be released again. This review provides an important reference for the carbon sequestration mechanism of arid underground saline-alkali aquifers, and is helpful for the estimation of regional carbon balance and the mitigation of Greenhouse Effect.
Short time PM2.5 prediction model for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on Generalized Space Time Autoregressive (GSTAR)
Authors: Hu Jinghao , Wang Shandong , Mao Jian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s economy and urbanization, the irrational industrial structure, large energy consumption, and increased car ownership have made China’s air pollution increasingly serious, especially in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. As the primary pollutant affecting the air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the accurate prediction of PM2.5 concentration is of great significance for predicting heavy pollution weather, formulating the start-up mechanism of emergency plan and optimizing the production of enterprises. This study used the online hourly data of conventional pollutants from 80 national control stations in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei from May 1, 2015 to May 31, 2019. Considering the influence of time and space, the GSTAR model of PM2.5 prediction is established. Comparing the prediction results of GSTAR model with ARMA and STAR, the validity of GSTAR model is verified by applying relevant accuracy evaluation indicators.
Chromosomal Karyotype Differences of the Dark-Purple Tea Cultivar ‘Ziyan’ and Its Natural Hybrid Progenies
Authors: Jin Zhen , Sun Bo , Huang Jiacheng , Tan Liqiang , Tang Qian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
‘Ziyan’ is a new variety of dark purple tender shoots tea tree which is rich in anthocyanins. ZY-1 and ZY-3 were two natural hybridized offspring of ‘Ziyan’, which were cultivated by single plant selection. ‘Ziyan’ is as the female parent, whereas the male parent has yet to be determined. In this study, we try to investigate cytological parameters of the three kinds of tea plants, and analyze the chromosomal karyotype differences among them. The results showed that the max arm ratio of ‘Ziyan’ was determined 2.50, and relative length was between 3.56% and 5.39%. The karyotype asymmetry index was 59.920%, and the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=30=22m (2SAT)+8sm. The max arm ratio of ZY-1 was 2.50, and relative length was between 4.80% and 8.69%. The karyotype asymmetry index was 60.307%, and the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=30=20m+10sm. The max arm ratio of ZY-3 was 2.77, and relative length was between 3.95% and 8.70%. The karyotype asymmetry index was 58.679%, which was lower than ‘Ziyan’ and ZY-3, and the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=30=24m+6sm. Although ‘Ziyan’ was significantly different from its two offspring, the karyotype characteristics of three varieties of tea plants were all type 2B. ‘Ziyan’ had a pair of satellites, but neither ZY-1 nor ZY-3 had a satellite. According to the karyotype asymmetry index and average arm ratio, the hybrid progeny ZY-3 was the most primitive, followed by the female parent ‘Ziyan’, while the hybrid progeny ZY-1 was the most evolutive.
Micromorphology and energy spectrum analysis of AsSe prepared by high-pressure and high-temperature
Authors: Qin-Bingke  , Ji-Yonghua  , Bai-Zhiling  , Huang-Run  , Li-Shangsheng  , Zhang-Jingzhu  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Polycrystal compound AsSe was prepared rapidly by high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) method under the condition of 2.5GPa and 950K. The phase analysis, SEM and EDS of the samples were carried out. The results show that AsSe compound samples with fine crystallinity can be prepared rapidly by HPHT method, and the grain diameter of the samples is about 20 μ m. The results of AsSe EDS analysis show that the atomic ratio of the compound is close to 1:1.
Application of AHP in the Evaluation of Tourism Resources in Ethnic Regions: Case Study of Xichang, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, China
Authors: Ma Zuozhenmo , Cai Yi , Pan Jinyu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Tourism resource evaluation is a comprehensive, multi-factor and multi-criteria complex problem, is the basis of tourism development. It reasonable to regional tourism resources development and utilization plays an important role, and by using AHP method to construct consists of resource conditions, environmental value and facilities management, and other three factor criterion layer and rule layer of 15 children factor of Xichang tourism resources evaluation model.
A Flow - Solid Coupling Permeability Model of Shale Gas Reservoir Based on Dual Media
Authors: Shi Di , Liu Jianjun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The study of shale gas seepage mechanism can provide theoretical basis for the production capacity evaluation and prediction of shale gas reservoir. The shale gas permeability model is an important part of the theoretical research of shale gas seepage. In this paper, the spring system model is applied to the shale reservoir, and the shale reservoir is simplified as the ideal dual porosity medium model. By analyzing and considering the influence of adsorption layer, diffusion, seepage, matrix deformation and slippage, the dual porosity permeability model of shale gas under various factors is given. In addition, the model is compared with the Civan permeability model and permeability experiment to verify its rationality. The results show that the model proposed in this paper is reasonable and reliable. The model has certain theoretical and practical significance for perfecting the theory of shale gas seepage flow.