bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYP1B1 as a therapeutic target in cardio-oncology
Authors: Carrera Alexa N. , Grant Marianne K.O. , Zordoky Beshay N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cardiovascular complications have been frequently reported in cancer patients and survivors, mainly because of various cardiotoxic cancer treatments. Despite the known cardiovascular toxic effects of these treatments, they are still clinically used because of their effectiveness as anti-cancer agents. In this review, we discuss the growing body of evidence suggesting that inhibition of the cytochrome P450 1B1 enzyme (CYP1B1) can be a promising therapeutic strategy that has the potential to prevent cancer treatment-induced cardiovascular complications without reducing their anti-cancer effects. CYP1B1 is an extrahepatic enzyme that is expressed in cardiovascular tissues and overexpressed in different types of cancers. A growing body of evidence is demonstrating a detrimental role of CYP1B1 in both cardiovascular diseases and cancer, via perturbed metabolism of endogenous compounds, production of carcinogenic metabolites, DNA adduct formation, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to induce CYP1B1 in cardiovascular and cancer cells, possibly via activating the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), ROS generation, and inflammatory cytokines. Induction of CYP1B1 is detrimental in many ways. First, it can induce or exacerbate cancer treatment-induced cardiovascular complications. Second, it may lead to significant chemo/radio-resistance, undermining both the safety and effectiveness of cancer treatments. Therefore, numerous preclinical studies demonstrate that inhibition of CYP1B1 protects against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and prevents chemo- and radio-resistance. Most of these studies have utilized phytochemicals to inhibit CYP1B1. Since phytochemicals have multiple targets, future studies are needed to discern the specific contribution of CYP1B1 to the cardioprotective and chemo/radio-sensitizing effects of these phytochemicals.
Bimodal Benefits Revealed by Categorical Perception of Lexical Tones in Mandarin-Speaking Kindergarteners With a Cochlear Implant and a Contralateral Hearing Aid
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Jing , Peng Gang , Ding Hongwei , Zhang Yang 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Pitch reception poses challenges for individuals with cochlear implants (CIs), and adding a hearing aid (HA) in the nonimplanted ear is potentially beneficial. The current study used fine-scale synthetic speech stimuli to investigate the bimodal benefit for lexical tone categorization in Mandarin-speaking kindergarteners using a CI and an HA in opposite ears.

Method
The data were collected from 16 participants who were required to complete two classical tasks for speech categorical perception (CP) with CI + HA device condition and CI alone condition. Linear mixed-effects models were constructed to evaluate the identification and discrimination scores across different device conditions.

Results
The bimodal kindergarteners showed CP for the continuum varying from Mandarin Tone 1 and Tone 2. Moreover, the additional acoustic information from the contralateral HA contributes to improved lexical tone categorization, with a steeper slope, a higher discrimination score of between-category stimuli pair, and an improved peakedness score (i.e., an increased benefit magnitude for discriminations of between-category over within-category pairs) for the CI + HA condition than the CI alone condition. The bimodal kindergarteners with better residual hearing thresholds at 250 Hz level in the nonimplanted ear could perceive lexical tones more categorically.

Conclusion
The enhanced CP results with bimodal listening provide clear evidence for the clinical practice to fit a contralateral HA in the nonimplanted ear in kindergarteners with unilateral CIs with direct benefits from the low-frequency acoustic hearing.
The GRAVITY young stellar object survey
Authors:   GRAVITY Collaboration, Koutoulaki M. , Garcia Lopez R. , Natta A. , Fedriani R. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Ray T. P. , Coffey D. , Brandner W. , Dougados C. , Garcia P. J. V. , Klarmann L. , Labadie L. , Perraut K. , Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Lin C.-C. , Amorim A. , Bauböck M. , Benisty M. , Berger J. P. , Buron A. , Caselli P. , Clénet Y. , Coudé du Foresto V. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Duvert G. , de Wit W. , Eckart A. , Eisenhauer F. , Filho M. , Gao F. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Grellmann R. , Habibi M. , Haubois X. , Haussmann F. , Henning T. , Hippler S. , Hubert Z. , Horrobin M. , Jimenez Rosales A. , Jocou L. , Kervella P. , Kolb J. , Lacour S. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Léna P. , Linz H. , Ott T. , Paumard T. , Perrin G. , Pfuhl O. , Ramírez-Tannus M. C. , Rau C. , Rousset G. , Scheithauer S. , Shangguan J. , Stadler J. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , van Dishoeck E. , Vincent F. , von Fellenberg S. , Widmann F. , Wieprecht E. , Wiest M. , Wiezorrek E. , Yazici S. , Zins G. 
Published: November 2020

Context. 51 Oph is a Herbig Ae/Be star that exhibits strong near-infrared CO ro-vibrational emission at 2.3 μm, most likely originating in the innermost regions of a circumstellar disc.
Aims. We aim to obtain the physical and geometrical properties of the system by spatially resolving the circumstellar environment of the inner gaseous disc.
Methods. We used the second-generation Very Large Telescope Interferometer instrument GRAVITY to spatially resolve the continuum and the CO overtone emission. We obtained data over 12 baselines with the auxiliary telescopes and derive visibilities, and the differential and closure phases as a function of wavelength. We used a simple local thermal equilibrium ring model of the CO emission to reproduce the spectrum and CO line displacements.
Results. Our interferometric data show that the star is marginally resolved at our spatial resolution, with a radius of ~10.58 ± 2.65R⊙. The K-band continuum emission from the disc is inclined by 63° ± 1°, with a position angle of 116° ± 1°, and 4 ± 0.8 mas (0.5 ± 0.1 au) across. The visibilities increase within the CO line emission, indicating that the CO is emitted within the dust-sublimation radius. By modelling the CO bandhead spectrum, we derive that the CO is emitted from a hot (T = 1900–2800 K) and dense (NCO = (0.9–9) × 1021 cm−2) gas. The analysis of the CO line displacement with respect to the continuum allows us to infer that the CO is emitted from a region 0.10 ± 0.02 au across, well within the dust-sublimation radius. The inclination and position angle of the CO line emitting region is consistent with that of the dusty disc.
Conclusions. Our spatially resolved interferometric observations confirm the CO ro-vibrational emission within the dust-free region of the inner disc. Conventional disc models exclude the presence of CO in the dust-depleted regions of Herbig AeBe stars. Ad hoc models of the innermost disc regions, that can compute the properties of the dust-free inner disc, are therefore required.
Evaluation of a potential field source surface model with elliptical source surfaces via ballistic back mapping of in situ spacecraft data
Authors: Kruse M. , Heidrich-Meisner V. , Wimmer-Schweingruber R. F. 
Published: November 2020

Context. The potential field source surface (PFSS) model is an important tool that helps link the solar coronal magnetic field to the solar wind. Due to its simplicity, it allows for predictions to be computed rapidly and requires little input data, though at the cost of reduced accuracy compared to more complex models. So far, PFSS models have almost exclusively been computed for a spherical outer boundary or “source surface”. Changing this to an elliptical source surface holds promise to increase its prediction accuracy without the necessity of incorporating complex computations or additional model assumptions.
Aims. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the merit of adding another parameter, namely the ellipticity of the source surface, to the PFSS model. In addition, the applicability of the PFSS model during different periods of the solar activity cycle as well as the impact of the source surface radius are analyzed.
Methods. To evaluate the model, in situ spacecraft data are mapped back to the source surface via a ballistic approach. The in situ magnetic field polarity is compared to the magnetic field polarity predicted by the model at the source surface. This method is based on the assumption that better performing models provide better agreements between the prediction and the measured magnetic field polarity. We employ data from the Advanced Composition Explorer and the twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) for this analysis.
Results. We show that the PFSS model performs slightly better with oblate elliptical source surfaces elongated along the solar equatorial plane, although the best found ellipticity varies for different spacecraft and periods. In addition, it is demonstrated that the performance of the presented analysis degrades during the active times of the solar activity cycle.
Effects of the SARS-CoV2-Lockdown on Pediatric Care in the Rhine-Main
Area
Authors: Donath Helena , Zielen Stefan , Wittekindt Boris , Klingebiel Thomas , Graf Jürgen , Eckrich Martin , Walter Christian , Blümchen Katharina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and lockdown on pediatric diseases and care
are not well characterized in Germany.
Patients and Methods To investigate the effects of the lockdown on
pediatric medical care in the Rhine-Main area, a survey asking 115 pediatricians
and an analysis of the inpatient admissions at the Department for Children and
Adolescents Goethe-University, Frankfurt in April 2020 compared to April 2019
was performed.
Results 65/115 (56.5%) pediatricians answered the survey.
Pediatricians estimated the reduction of patient consultations in April 2020 vs.
2019 by 40% (median), however, according to their practice
administration software, patient visits decreased by 30%. The median
number of cases with the diagnosis J21 (acute bronchitis) were significantly
less in April 2020 vs. April 2019 (50 vs. 10 cases per pediatrician;
p<0.001). Simultaneously, hospital admissions decreased by 43.7%
from 402 total cases in April 2019 to 226 cases in April 2020. Hospital
admissions due to acute respiratory tract infections or asthma exacerbations as
well as neonatal and oncological disorders were significantly reduced compared
to the previous year (83.7; 38.1 and 22.1% respectively less to
2019).
Conclusion The lockdown in April 2020 resulted in significantly fewer
visits to pediatricians in general practice and hospital admissions, especially
for acute respiratory tract infections. The health and economic consequences are
discussed.
Therapeutic Approach against 2019-nCoV by Inhibition of ACE-2 Receptor
Authors: Kumar Gajendra , Kumar Dharmendra , Singh Netra Pal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe continued spread of 2019-nCoV has prompted widespread concern around the world. WHO formally named COVID-19 and International Committee on Taxonomy called it Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to this viral attack, the whole world is in lockdown. Presently, there is no effective way to control it, except social distancing and hygienic activity. World class scientists and researchers are trying to make vaccine and discover the medicine against the control and cure to this deadly viral disease. Our aim to presenting this article is kick-off deadly viral disease i.e COVID-19 by an easy way with minimum intervention and effort. Different ayurvedic therapeutic agents (Curcuma Longa L, Green tea and Piper nigrum) inhabit entry of virus in host cell, transmission of pathogen and improve the immunity. Curcumin and piperine (1-piperoylpiperidine) interact to each other and form a π—π intermolecular complex which enhance the bioavailability of curcumin by inhibition of glucuronidation of curcumin in liver. Both the molecules curcumin and catechin get bound directly to receptors binding domain of S-protein and ACE-2 receptors of host cell, due to which these molecules inhibit the entry of virus in host cell i. e. animal survives from being infected.
A Pencil in Spinal Canal-penetrating Injury–Endoscopic Management
Authors: Agrawal Vivek , Rathod Kailash , Rangnekar Ranjit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPenetrating spinal trauma is a rare event and mostly occurs as a result of assault or accident. There is no specific management protocol about such injuries. We are reporting a case of spinal trauma in a child of 6 years, who encountered a penetrating injury to the lower back when he fell over a sharp pencil. It resulted in a penetrating wound in the lower back with half of the broken pencil fragment lodged deep into the wound. There was a watery discharge from the wound with severe backache and radiating pain in both lower limbs. On clinical examination, motor power of both lower limbs was 5/5 (Medical Research Council [MRC] grade) with intact sensation and severely restricted straight leg raise (SLR). Imaging revealed a large fragment of pencil lodged in the spinal canal at L4 vertebral level. Surgical removal of foreign bodies and dura repair was done with endoscope and without laminectomy. The backache and lower limb pain relieved completely with healing of puncture site. In this case, the endoscopic technique enabled us to direct visualize penetration tract, injured structures, removal of foreign bodies and hematoma with repair of dura and without doing a destabilizing bone cutting and tissue damage.
Prolonged Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time after Successful Resuscitation from Cardiac Arrest is Associated with Unfavorable Neurologic Outcome
Authors: Schriefl Christoph , Schoergenhofer Christian , Grafeneder Juergen , Poppe Michael , Clodi Christian , Mueller Matthias , Ettl Florian , Jilma Bernd , Wallmueller Pia , Buchtele Nina , Weikert Constantin , Losert Heidrun , Holzer Michael , Sterz Fritz , Schwameis Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoagulation abnormalities after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest may be associated with unfavorable neurologic outcome. We investigated a potential association of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) with neurologic outcome in adult cardiac arrest survivors. Therefore, we included all adults ≥18 years of age who suffered a nontraumatic cardiac arrest and had achieved return of spontaneous circulation between January 2013 and December 2018. Patients receiving anticoagulants or thrombolytic therapy and those subjected to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support were excluded. Routine blood sampling was performed on admission as soon as a vascular access was available. The primary outcome was 30-day neurologic function, assessed by the Cerebral Performance Category scale (3–5 = unfavorable neurologic function). Multivariable regression was used to assess associations between normal (≤41 seconds) and prolonged (>41 seconds) aPTT on admission (exposure) and the primary outcome. Results are given as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Out of 1,591 cardiac arrest patients treated between 2013 and 2018, 360 patients (32% female; median age: 60 years [interquartile range: 48–70]) were eligible for analysis. A total of 263 patients (73%) had unfavorable neurologic function at day 30. aPTT prolongation >41 seconds was associated with a 190% increase in crude OR of unfavorable neurologic function (crude OR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.78–4.68, p < 0.001) and with more than double the odds after adjustment for traditional risk factors (adjusted OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.13–3.60, p = 0.018). In conclusion, aPTT prolongation on admission is associated with unfavorable neurologic outcome after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest.
Analysis of genomic distributions of SARS-CoV-2 reveals a dominant strain type with strong allelic associations
Authors: Yang Hsin-Chou , Chen Chun-houh , Wang Jen-Hung , Liao Hsiao-Chi , Yang Chih-Ting , Chen Chia-Wei , Lin Yin-Chun , Kao Chiun-How , Lu Mei-Yeh Jade , Liao James C. 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceIn this study, we discovered that the genome of SARS-CoV-2 to date can be classified in six major types characterized by 14 signature single nucleotide variations (SNVs). In particular, type VI, that was first reported in China and spread to different countries, has become the major type (more than 95% among data collected after mid-May 2020). The signature SNVs for this strain type, C241T (5′UTR), C3037T (nsp3 F924F), C14408T (nsp12 P4715L), and A23403G (S protein D614G), exhibit high pairwise allelic associations, and the haplotype 241T-3037T-14408T-23403G has the highest frequency. Understanding nucleotide variations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome will provide useful insight for the developmental history of the pandemic, and even the disease management, if the biological significance is understood.
Stability estimates for the relativistic Schrödinger equation from partial boundary data
Authors: Senapati Soumen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We derive stability estimates for the determination of time-dependent vector and scalar potentials in the relativistic Schrödinger equation from partial boundary data. For the case of space dimensions at least 3, we obtain log–log stability estimates for the determination of vector potentials (modulo gauge equivalence) and log–log–log stability estimates for the determination of scalar potentials from partial boundary data assuming suitable a priori bounds on these potentials.
Synthesis mechanism of cuprous oxide nanoparticles by atmospheric-pressure plasma electrolysis
Authors: Liu Jiandi , Shirai Naoki , Sasaki Koichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The synthesis mechanism of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles by atmospheric-pressure plasma electrolysis was investigated experimentally. In the plasma electrolysis system, a helium plasma in contact with an NaCl electrolyte was used as the cathode, while a copper plate which was partly immersed into the electrolyte was used as the counter electrode. X-ray powder diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used for characterizing the synthesized products. The results indicate that the Cl− concentration and the pH value of the electrolyte dominate the synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles. The reaction between CuCl

2
−

produced via the anodic dissolution of Cu and OH− produced by plasma irradiation is responsible for the formation of Cu2O. The comparison between the plasma and conventional electrolysis has also been carried out, since the anodic dissolution of the Cu plate and the production of OH− are also available in the conventional electrolysis. As a result, we also observed the synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles by the conventional electrolysis. However, we observed the differences between the plasma and conventional electrolysis in the synthesis rate, the minimum NaCl concentration, and the size and the shape of synthesized nanoparticles.
Numerical study of molten metal melt pool behaviour during conduction-mode laser spot melting
Authors: Ebrahimi Amin , Kleijn Chris R , Richardson Ian M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Molten metal melt pools are characterised by highly non-linear responses, which are very sensitive to imposed boundary conditions. Temporal and spatial variations in the energy flux distribution are often neglected in numerical simulations of melt pool behaviour. Additionally, thermo-physical properties of materials are commonly changed to achieve agreement between predicted melt-pool shape and experimental post-solidification macrograph. Focusing on laser spot melting in conduction mode, we investigated the influence of dynamically adjusted energy flux distribution and changing thermo-physical material properties on melt pool oscillatory behaviour using both deformable and non-deformable assumptions for the gas-metal interface. Our results demonstrate that adjusting the absorbed energy flux affects the oscillatory fluid flow behaviour in the melt pool and consequently the predicted melt-pool shape and size. We also show that changing the thermo-physical material properties artificially or using a non-deformable surface assumption lead to significant differences in melt pool oscillatory behaviour compared to the cases in which these assumptions are not made.
Automatic detection and segmentation of multiple brain metastases on magnetic resonance image using asymmetric UNet architecture
Authors: Cao Yufeng , Vassantachart April , Ye Jason C , Yu Cheng , Ruan Dan , Sheng Ke , Lao Yi , Shen Zhilei Liu , Balik Salim , Bian Shelly , Zada Gabriel , Shiu Almon , Chang Eric L , Yang Wensha 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Detection of brain metastases is a paramount task in cancer management due both to the number of high-risk patients and the difficulty of achieving consistent detection. In this study, we aim to improve the accuracy of automated brain metastasis (BM) detection methods using a novel asymmetric UNet (asym-UNet) architecture. An end-to-end asymmetric 3D-UNet architecture, with two down-sampling arms and one up-sampling arm, was constructed to capture the imaging features. The two down-sampling arms were trained using two different kernels (3 × 3 × 3 and 1 × 1 × 3, respectively) with the kernel (1 × 1 × 3) dominating the learning. As a comparison, vanilla single 3D UNets were trained with different kernels and evaluated using the same datasets. Voxel-based Dice similarity coefficient (DSCv), sensitivity (S
v), precision (P
v), BM-based sensitivity (S
BM), and false detection rate (F
BM) were used to evaluate model performance. Contrast-enhanced T1 MR images from 195 patients with a total of 1034 BMs were solicited from our institutional stereotactic radiosurgery database. The patient cohort was split into training (160 patients, 809 lesions), validation (20 patients, 136 lesions), and testing (15 patients, 89 lesions) datasets. The lesions in the testing dataset were further divided into two subgroups based on the diameters (small S = 1–10 mm, large L = 11–26 mm). In the testing dataset, there were 72 and 17 BMs in the S and L sub-groups, respectively. Among all trained networks, asym-UNet achieved the highest DSCv of 0.84 and lowest F
BM of 0.24. Although vanilla 3D-UNet with a single 1 × 1 × 3 kernel achieved the highest sensitivities for the S group, it resulted in the lowest precision and highest false detection rate. Asym-UNet was shown to balance sensitivity and false detection rate as well as keep the segmentation accuracy high. The novel asym-UNet segmentation network showed overall competitive segmentation performance and more pronounced improvement in hard-to-detect small BMs comparing to the vanilla single 3D UNet.
Generalized exceptional quantum walk search
Authors: Li Meng , Shang Yun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We mainly study exceptional configuration for coined quantum walk search. For searching on a two-dimensional grid by AKR algorithm, we find some new classes of exceptional configurations that cannot be found by the AKR algorithm effectively and the known diagonal configuration can be regarded as its special case. Meanwhile, we give two modified quantum walk models that can improve the success probability in the exceptional configurations by numerical simulation. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of generalized exceptional configuration and consider search by quantum walk on a cycle with Grover coin. We find that the most common coin combination model (G, −), where G is a Grover diffusion transformation, is a generalized exceptional configuration when just searching one marked vertex on the cycle. In the end, we find generalized exceptional configuration has a different evolution of quantum coherence from exceptional configuration. These extend largely the range of exceptional configuration of quantum walk search in some sense.