bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition to a market economy: A retrospective comparison of China with countries of the former Soviet block
Authors: Dabrowski Marek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the 1990s and early 2000s, comparison of transition strategies of China versus those in Central and Eastern Europe raised controversies in the economic and political science literature. However, differences between China and the countries of the former Soviet bloc in their transition strategies resulted not necessarily from a deliberate political choice but from different initial conditions. Low-income and largely rural China, after its first radical step (de-collectivisation of agriculture in 1978), could move more gradually due to its under-industrialisation and retaining administrative control over the economy. The over-industrialised Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and former Soviet Union (FSU) countries where the previous command system of economic management spontaneously collapsed at the end of 1980s, did not have such an option. They had to conduct market-oriented reforms as quickly as they could, with all the associated economic and social pain. Regardless of speed and strategy of transition, almost all previously centrally-planned economies, including China, completed building basic foundations of a market system by the early 2000s although the quality of economic and political institutions and policies differ between the sub-regional groups and individual countries.
China, Eastern Europe and Russia compared
Authors: Szelenyi Ivan , Mihályi Péter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAfter the collapse of the Berlin Wall it was conceivable that China would follow the path towards the cessation of communism, as it happened in the successor states of the USSR, Yugoslavia and the East European satellite states of the Soviet Union. But the Communist Party of China (CPC) managed to retain control and avoided the Russian and East European collapse, a full-fledged transition to capitalism and liberal democracy. For a while, China was on its way to market capitalism with the possible outcome to turn eventually into a liberal democracy. This was a rocky road, with backs-and-forth. But the shift to liberal democracy did not happen. The massacre at Tiananmen Square in 1989, approved by Deng Xiaoping, was a more alarming setback than the contemporary Western observers were willing to realize. This paper presents an interpretation of the changes under present Chinese leader, Xi Jinping in a post-communist comparative perspective.
The apoptotic effects of progesterone on breast cancer (MCF-7) and human osteosarcoma (MG-636) cells
Authors: Motamed H.R. , Shariati M. , Ahmadi R. , Khatamsaz S. , Mokhtari M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeProgesterone has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer and osteosarcoma cells; however, its inhibitory mechanism has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of progesterone on apoptosis in breast cancer (MCF-7) and human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells.Materials and methodsIn this experimental study the cytotoxic effect of progesterone was measured in MCF-7 and MG-63 cells exposed to different concentrations of progesterone using MTT assay, and effective concentrations were identified. The expression levels of the Bax, P53 and Bcl-2 genes were evaluated by real-time PCR, and caspase-3, 8 and 9 activity levels were determined using a colorimetric method. Hoechst staining and flow cytometry were used to confirm apoptosis. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent-samples t-test.ResultsCompared to the control group, we observed a significant increase in the expression levels of the Bax and P53 genes and the activity levels of caspase-3 and 9, and a significant decrease in the expression level of the Bcl-2 gene in MCF-7 and MG-63 treated with effective concentration of progesterone. The caspase-8 activity level did not change significantly in treated MG-63 but increased in treated MCF-7 cells. Hoechst staining and flow cytometry results confirmed apoptosis in the cells exposed to effective concentration of progesterone.ConclusionsThe cytotoxic effect of progesterone on breast cancer and osteosarcoma cells was mediated by apoptotic pathways. In this context, progesterone triggers the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in MCF-7 cells and induces the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in MG-63 cells.
“This time of God’s visitation”: Church of England and the London plague of 1563
Authors: Tauber V. A. 
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the epidemic of plague which happened in London in 1563. It is studied through the lens of sources connected with the Church of England, namely, the documents establishing extraordinary services, special homily written and published in the same year, and the correspondence of ecclesiastical as well as secular authorities. This approach leads to the conclusions of how the plague was understood by theologians, which measures (both, spiritual and practical) were considered to be efficient, and how the epidemic reflected in the administrative practice of the English church. The Early Modern people perceived plague as a supernatural calamity as it was sent by God in order to punish people for their sins and move them towards repentance. The natural mechanisms of plague’s spreading, most commonly explained through the theory of miasma, were nothing more but an instrument of God’s will. Thus, the reaction to the plague became primarily a matter spiritual which belonged to the competence of the church. Practical measures were inextricably entwined with the theological comprehension of the problem as well as the reasons of ecclesiastical policy. The London plague of 1563 was the first “great” epidemic for the reformed Church of England to face. The ecclesiastical administration introduced in cooperation with the secular authorities a special form of service and a homily for ‘this time of God’s visitation’ which determined the whole posterior tradition of reactions towards plague.
Edirne Şehri nüfusunun gelişimi ve yapısal özellikleri
Authors: DOĞAN Mesut , OLĞAÇ İrem 
Published: October 2020

Bir yerin kalkınması için var olan doğal ve beşeri kaynakların bilinmesi ve doğru bir şekilde kullanılması gerekmektedir. Beşeri kaynaklardan en önemlisi nüfus miktarı ve nitelikleridir. Bir ülke için hem nicelik hem de nitelik bakımından önemli olan nüfus dinamik bir yapıya sahiptir. Nüfusun miktarı, yoğunluğu, yaş gruplarına göre dağılımı ve cinsiyet yapısı gibi birçok özellik bir yerin demografik yapısını etkilemektedir. Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze kadar değişen ve gelişen koşullar çerçevesinde Edirne şehrinin nüfusu sürekli değişmiştir. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında 34.528 olan nüfus, 2019 yılı itibariyle 172.802’ye ulaşmıştır. Şehrin nüfusu; bulunduğu coğrafi konum, taşıdığı ilkim şartları, tarıma yönelik ekonomisi ve İstanbul’a yakınlığıyla sahip olduğu ulaşım imkânları doğrultusunda şekillenmiştir. Bu çalışmayla Edirne şehrinin geçmişten günümüze nüfusunun gelişimi ve yapısal özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda şehir nüfusu Cumhuriyet öncesi ve sonrası (1927-2019) dönemlerini kapsayan gelişmelerle birlikte değerlendirilmiştir.
Pain management in bleeding disorders care: perspectives of Canadian Social Workers in Hemophilia Care
Authors: King Jennifer , Fletcher Kara , Tupper Susan M. , Brose Kelsey , Goodridge Donna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Pain associated with bleeding disorders has been demonstrated to have an impact on patients’ and families’ quality of life. Both acute and chronic pain are common experiences and require attention by professionals working in haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs). The benefits of psychological pain management strategies such as cognitive behaviour therapy and self-management skills training are well documented; however, it is not well understood how Canadian social workers involved in haemophilia care perceive and provide pain management support to patients.

Aims
To explore the current understanding of pain management and practice as well as the education needs of members of Canadian Social Workers in Hemophilia Care (CSWHC).

Method
Twelve semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with members of CSWHC. Transcribed interviews were coded with NVivo software and thematically analysed.

Results
The four key themes reflecting the experiences of social workers are: 1) Limited comprehension of key issues related to pain; 2) Conditioning to push through pain; 3) Expanding pain knowledge to enhance practice; 4) How we practice social work and choose to step in.

Conclusion
The current practice of CSWHC members aligns with literature in three main areas including assessment, instrumental services, and counselling. Social workers support the development of pain education and practical resources for patients with haemophilia who experience pain. While formal education, advocacy, and policy development of pain assessment and management are recognised, these areas require further research and development.
The Relationship Between Complete Blood Count Parameters and Mortality in Early Period in Patients Diagnosed as Stroke in Emergency Service
Authors: DEMİR Hüseyin Avni , BİLDİK Fikret , GESOĞLU Tülin , ÇALIŞKAN Dikmen , ŞAHNAOĞLU Reyhan , GÖKÇE Ekim 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Background: Acute ischemic stroke is the most common cause of death after heart disease and cancer. We aimed to investigate the relationship between parameters of complete blood count in early period of ischemic stroke.
Material Method: The study was organized as a retrospective-archive study. Patients applied Emergency Department and diagnosed as ischemic stroke were included. Demographic findings, complete blood count parameters, imaging tests, duration time in the emergency, hospitalization time were noted.
Results: The mean age of 422 patients was 69.95 ± 12.26 years. Hypertension is the most common additional diseases, with the rate of 68.5%. While the mortality rate is 2.1% in the first 7 days, it was 5.2% in the first 30 days. The mean value of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) was significantly higher in patients who died within the first 7 days (p = 0.013). The sensitivity of NLR cut-off value, which was determined as 4.12 for death in the first 7 days, was 77.8% and specificity was 68.5%. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) values of patients who died within 30 days were found to be statistically significantly higher when compared to living patients. Advanced age, heart failure and atrial fibrillation were found to be significant risk factors for early mortality.
Conclusion: In conclusion, NLR can be predictive for mortality within the first 7 days and RDW for mortality within the first 30 days. The presence of heart failure and / or atrial fibrillation and the age of 65 and above increase the risk of early mortality.

Keywords: ischemic stroke, red cell distribution width, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, early mortality
Modelando casos COVID-19 para estimar la oferta de PCR y camas hospitalarias en servicios de salud
Authors: Herrera Medina Rodolfo , Zapata Ossa Helmer , Libreros Arana Luz Adriana , Bolaños Ramos John Housseman 
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad instalada de servicios necesaria para atender la pandemia del COVID-19 considerando como principal predictor los modelos estadísticos y matemáticos. Métodos: Se describen cuatro fases: 1. modelación de número de casos COVID-19, 2. uso de información histórica del fenómeno, 3. modelamiento estadístico no lineal, 4. modelamiento matemático. Para este último se usó la función Gompertz con el cual se realizaron las proyecciones de casos confirmados. La fuente de datos principal fue la suministrada por el Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia. Los parámetros para estimar la oferta de servicios se basaron en la proyección de casos y los parámetros establecidos según los lineamientos del INS. Resultados: Los modelos de mayor ajuste para las diferentes etapas de la pandemia fueron: la exponencial, el modelo de regresión no lineal cúbico con un coeficiente de determinación del 99.7%; para las etapas de crecimiento exponencial y de estabilización de la pandemia fue el modelo matemático Gompertz. La combinación de modelos permitió predecir para el 26 de agosto un acumulado de 811,206 casos confirmados para Colombia con Fecha de Inicio de Síntomas. Estas predicciones permitieron estimar servicios para una población objetivo de un millón seiscientos (1,600,000) de habitantes en 47,328 pruebas de PCR para el mes de agosto, 1,072 camas hospitalarias y 365 camas en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos -UCI para ese mes. Conclusiones: La combinación de técnicas estadísticas y matemáticas sencillas y robustas permitió estimaciones confiables para proyectar las necesidades de servicios relacionadas con PCR, camas hospitalarias y camas UCI.
Varied uses of bone allograft in plastic and reconstructive surgery
Authors: Singh Vikas , Dang Shivam 
Published: October 2020

The availability of safe, clinically useful and cost effective bone allografts have resulted in changes in surgical treatment with a concomitant increase in demand for bone allografts grafts for the purpose of reconstruction in plastic surgery. They offer an attractive alternative to bone autograft because their supply is less limited, they allow structural restoration of the skeleton, and their surfaces support bone formation. We report a case series of 13 patients where freeze dried bone allografts were used for reconstruction. All grafts met standards recommended by the Bone Banks and the FDA. Objective evaluation of the persistence of graft volume was obtained by radiography, whereas subjective estimation of graft volume was obtained by patient response on regular follow up upto a period of one year. Bone allografts can be used in any kind of surgery involving bone from minor defects to major bone loss after tumour resection. Freeze-dried allograft bone is a safe and equal alternative for bone autograft without donor-site morbidity.
Assessment of the outcome of myringoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy in dry and wet mucosal type of chronic otitis media
Authors: Balan Sreeshma , D. Prakash M. 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic otitis media (COM) is an inflammatory process in the middle ear space that results in long-term changes in the tympanic membrane including atelectasis, dimeric-membrane formation, perforation, tympanosclerosis, retraction pocket or cholesteatoma. COM can be classified into healed, inactive (mucosal or squamosal), active (mucosal or squamosal). Myringoplasty is tympanoplasty without ossicular reconstruction. Cortical mastoidectomy is usually accompanied by tympanoplasty. Aim was to assess and compare the efficacy of myringoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy in dry and wet mucosal type of COM, in terms of graft uptake and hearing improvement.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study, where 30 patients each of wet and dry mucosal-type COM were included. Patients underwent myringoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy. All were followed up for 6 months, both the groups were statistically compared. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, mean age of patients in group A (wet COM) was 34.13 years and group B (dry COM) was 33.36 years. Group A had success rate of 90% and group B had success rate of 86.6%. There was no statistical significance (p value- 0.53) on comparing both groups with respect to graft uptake. There was significant hearing improvement post-operatively in both the groups (p&lt;0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the groups (p value- 0.66). This shows that presence of discharge at the time of surgery does not interfere with the results of cortical mastoidectomy with myringoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We conclude that, there is good outcome in both wet and dry COM following myringoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy with respect to graft uptake and hearing improvement.</p>
Study of the effect of balloon sinuplasty in patients with rhinosinusitis
Authors: Singh Tanya , Singh Arjun , Singh Sarbjeet 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A new technique which has revolutionized sinus surgery recently is balloon sinuplasty. The vast majority of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis improve with medical management, including antibiotics, saline irrigation, nasal steroids, antihistamines, allergy therapy, and asthma control. This study was conducted to study the effect of balloon sinuplasty in patients affected with rhinosinusitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was conducted in all the patients visiting our hospital. Medical treatment included oral and sometimes intravenous antibiotics, nasal steroids, decongestants, systemic steroids, and allergy management. Those who had a positive biopsy were excluded from this study. The selected cohort of 20 patients, were prepared for balloon sinuplasty surgery in the same way as for conventional functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and were operated by our surgical team. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 20 patients were included in the study, 70% men and aged 30±12 years. Sinuplasty was performed in 32 sinuses of 20 patients (22 maxillary, 4 sphenoid and 8 frontal sinuses).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Sinuplasty with balloon catheterization is effective in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life in selected patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The results are beyond reported symptoms and confirm the benefit of balloon sinuplasty.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Transoral endoscopic approach versus transcervical with or without mandibular swing approach to parapharyngeal space- a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care center in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Krishnappa Sheetal , N. Nikisha G. 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare patient outcomes and advantages of endoscopic transoral approach to parapharyngeal space with other approaches like transcervical with or without mandibular swing approach.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this retrospective cohort study, we have reviewed 13 cases of parapharyngeal space tumors resected with either trans oral endoscopic assisted approach or external approaches such as trans cervical and mandibular swing approach during the period of June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2020. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 13 cases were included in the study. Among 13 cases, 9 were operated by transoral endoscopic approach, 2 by transcervical approach and 2 by transcervical with mandibular swing approach. Operative time (p=0.048), blood loss (p=0.028), hospital days (p=0.02) and postoperative patient satisfaction (p=0.008) were more in transoral route compared to transcervical route.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Transoral endoscopic route is a safe route of surgery with less morbidity, less complications, less chance of neurovascular injury and cosmetically more acceptable for the patient when compared to open procedures for smaller size tumors without vascularization, present in the upper part of the parapharyngeal space and without attachment to any neurovascular structures.</p>
Comparative study of the outcome of surgical decompression in Ludwig’s angina by conventional skin incision versus multiple interrupted skin incisions
Authors: Rao Kulkarni Manik , P. Navneeth T. , S. Vivek , Rathod Sonu S. 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Ludwig’s angina is a potentially life threatening infection characterized by a rapidly progressing, bilateral gangrenous cellulitis of all the three primary mandibular spaces namely submental, submandibular and sublingual. If left untreated the cellulitis can progress swiftly to produce obstruction of airway and death. Despite that, no specific guidelines exist and management is greatly dependent on clinical judgement and experience.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Forty cases of patients with Ludwig’s angina, attending the department of otorhinolaryngology were included in this study and were randomly allocated into conventional incision (CI) and multiple incisions (MI) groups. Following informed written consent, either conventional incision or multiple small incisions were used for drainage and the outcomes analysed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of patients was 28.4 years and majority of the patients belonged to 20-40 years age group. Male to female ratio was 2.3:1.The most common etiology was odontogenic. The outcome of both the conventional group and multiple small incisions group were comparable. The mean hospital stay of the conventional group was 10.25 days and multiple incisions group was 5.31 days which was statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Multiple small incisions for the drainage of Ludwig’s angina is a safe and less invasive alternative method, with the advantages being shorter hospital stay and better cosmesis without an increase in complications.</p>
Single centre experience of ossiculoplasty using different materials: a subjective and objective evaluation
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Bhavana Kranti , Bharti Bhartendu 
Published: October 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic otitis media has serious impact over the ossicular integrity in middle ear resulting in ossicular necrosis and various grades of hearing loss along with other associated symptoms. Tympanomastoidectomy with ossicular reconstruction using various materials can improve the symptoms.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study of 50 patients underwent tympanomastoidectomy with ossiculoplasty in Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery at AIIMS Patna from April 2017 to 2018. Patients with chronic otitis media having ossicular necrosis with ABG (air bone gap) more than 25 dB were included in this study. PORP (partial ossicular reconstruction prosthesis) and TORP (total ossicular reconstruction prosthesis) were used as ossicular reconstruction after clearance of disease. This study was expressed as subjective and objective evaluation following ossiculoplasty. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Fifty patients having chronic otitis media with decreased hearing and other associating symptoms were included in this study. Preoperative air conduction threshold was 55.32 dB with preoperative ABG was 44.24 dB. Postoperative result was summarised as postoperative AC threshold was 32.72 dB with gain of 22.60 dB with ABG 25.45 dB.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic otitis media may lead to ossicular necrosis and various grade of hearing loss. A proper technique and skilled tympanomastoidectomy with ossiculoplasty can improve the symptoms of chronic otitis media.</p>