bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to derive optimal guarantee levels in participating life insurance contracts
Authors: Braun Alexander , Fischer Marius , Schmeiser Hato 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show how an insurance company can maximize the policyholder’s utility by setting the level of the interest rate guarantee in line with his preferences.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors develop a general model of life insurance, taking stochastic interest rates, early default and regular premium payments into account. Furthermore, the authors assume that equity holders must receive risk-adequate returns on their initial equity contribution and that the insurance company has to maintain a solvency restriction.

Findings
The findings show that the optimal level for the interest rate guarantee is in general far below the maximum value typically set by the supervisory authorities and insurance companies.

Originality/value
The authors conclude that the approach of deviating from the maximum interest rate guarantee level given by the regulatory requirements can create additional value for the rational policyholder. In contrast to Schmeiser and Wagner (2014), the second finding shows that the interest rate guarantee embedded in a life insurance product becomes less attractive compared to a pure investment in the underlying asset portfolio to the policyholder when the guarantee level is lowered too far or the contract duration is short. They also refute Schmeiser and Wagner (2014) by showing that the equity capital required by the insurance company increases with the level of the guarantee, even if the insurer is flexible with respect to its asset allocation. The last finding is that a policyholder with higher risk aversion does not generally prefer a higher guarantee level.
Influence of managers’ mindset on leadership behavior
Authors: Kouzes Tae Kyung , Posner Barry Z. 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on exploring the link between managers’ mindset (fixed vs growth) and their choice of leadership behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe sample was drawn from a proprietary database provided by a global organization that offers 360-degree online leadership surveys. Individuals in management positions provided an assessment of their mindset orientation as well as how often they engaged in various leadership behaviors.FindingsGrowth-minded managers consistently displayed more frequent use of leadership behaviors than did their fixed mindset counterparts; and this relationship was independent of demographic or organizational factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are consistent with previous mindset research but prominently extend those results to managers in corporate settings; and supports previous research regarding the limited influence of demographic and organizational factors on both mindset and leadership.Practical implicationsManagers’ mindsets influence how much they engage in various leadership behaviors, and improving leadership competencies is more likely to occur when managers hold a growth mindset that abilities can be developed through effort as compared to fixed mindset managers who believe that abilities are inherent and unchangeable. The mindset of managers is predictive of the behavioral choices they make about exercising leadership, and has practical significance since studies have shown that managers are generally more effective in direct relationship to how often they are seen as engaging in leadership.Originality/valueThis study extends the significance of mindset from the educational to the corporate environment, using a robust sample of managers, and finding that the relationship between mindset and leadership is independent of various demographic and organizational characteristics.
Determinants of individuals’ intention to use mobile health: insights from India
Authors: Pai Rajesh R. , Alathur Sreejith 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThis study aims to examine the determinants of mobile health technology and applications use intention. The factors are delineated from prior literature and theories of individual traits and adoption characteristics, technology acceptance and health belief.Design/methodology/approachData from 409 respondents were collected from Indian participants through a questionnaire survey. The construct “use intention” was measured using individual traits to mobile services, subjective norm, health consciousness, awareness and perceived usefulness, and the model was tested.FindingsThe study found that mobile health technology and the applications awareness and personal innovativeness influence intention to use.Originality/valuePrevious studies have often looked at technology adoption and acceptance models separately and are less adequately discussed in the Indian context. The components that determine mobile health technology and the applications’ acceptance by literature and theories of individual traits and adoption characteristics, technology acceptance and health beliefs were also inadequately discussed. The significant contribution of this research also includes policy recommendations for improving mobile health acceptance in India.
Do extrinsic motivation and organisational culture additively strengthen intrinsic motivation in online knowledge sharing?
Authors: Nguyen Tuyet-Mai 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationship between intrinsic motivation and online knowledge sharing intentions (KSIs) and the moderating effect of extrinsic motivation and organisational culture on this relationship. The influence of online KSI on two dimensions of online knowledge sharing behaviour, knowledge donating and knowledge collecting, was also investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the extensive literature review, a questionnaire was designed. In total, 290 questionnaires from employees in Vietnamese companies in the banking and insurance industry were collected and tested using structural equation modelling. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and PLS 3 software to examine the research hypotheses.

Findings
This study found that rewards and reciprocity undermined the influence of self-enjoyment on online KSI, while top management support and social interaction ties undermined the relationship between self-efficacy and online KSI. Top management support positively moderated the effect of self-enjoyment on online KSI. The results also suggested that online KSI was a good predictor of online knowledge donating and collecting.

Originality/value
Little is empirically known about the moderating effect of extrinsic motivation and organizational culture on intrinsic motivation. The study brings new insights to further understand about online knowledge sharing in an organisation.
The social construction of male infertility: a qualitative questionnaire study of men with a male factor infertility diagnosis
Authors: Hanna Esmée , Gough Brendan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough recent research has highlighted the distressing impact of infertility for men, fertility issues are still routinely seen as a ‘women's issue’ – even when male factor infertility is highlighted. This article reports findings from a qualitative questionnaire study focusing on a sample of men with a male factor infertility diagnosis; an under‐researched and marginalised group in the context of reproductive medicine. Our analysis suggests that male factor infertility is viewed by men as a failure of masculinity, as stigmatising and silencing, and as an isolating and traumatic experience. It is also clear that these themes are shaped by wider societal discourses which present men as (unproblematically) fertile, uninvested in parenthood and stoic in their approach to emotional distress. Such norms also ensure that reproduction continues to be presented as a ‘women's issue’ which burdens women and marginalises men. In understanding male factor infertility experiences, the damaging nature of the social construction of male fertility is then more clearly illuminated.
Imaging and admission practices in paediatric head injury across emergency departments in Australia and New Zealand: A PREDICT study
Authors: Phillips Natalie , Dalziel Stuart R , Borland Meredith L , Dalton Sarah , Lyttle Mark D , Bressan Silvia , Oakley Ed , Hearps Stephen JC , Kochar Amit , Furyk Jeremy , Cheek John A , Gilhotra Yuri , Neutze Jocelyn , Babl Franz E ,   on behalf of the Paediatric Research in Emergency Department International Collaborative (PREDICT) group
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesVariation in the management of paediatric head injury has been identified worldwide. This prospective study describes imaging and admission practices of children presenting with head injury across 10 hospital EDs in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsProspective observational multicentre study of 20 137 children (under 18 years) as a planned secondary analysis of the Australasian Paediatric Head Injury Rules Study. All presentations with head injury without prior imaging were eligible for inclusion. Variations in rates of computed tomography of the brain (CTB) and admission practices between sites, ED type and country were investigated, as were clinically important traumatic brain injuries (ciTBIs) and abnormal CTBs within CTBs.ResultsAmong the 20 137 enrolled patients, the site adjusted CTB rate was 11.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.8–14.6); individual sites ranged from 2.6 to 18.6%. ciTBI was found in 0.4–2.2%, with abnormal scans documented in 0.7–6.5%. As a percentage of CTBs undertaken, ciTBIs were found in 12.8% (95% CI 10.8–14.7) with individual site variation of 8.8–16.9%, and no statistically significant difference noted, and traumatic abnormalities in 29.3% (95% CI 26.2–32.3) with individual site variation between 19.4 and 35.6%. Among those under 2 years,traumatic abnormalities were found in greater than 50% of CTBs at 90% of sites. Admission rate overall was 24.0% (site adjusted) with wide variation between sites (5.0–48.9%).ConclusionAcross the 10 largely tertiary EDs included in this study, the overall CTB rate was low with no significant variation between sites when adjusted for ciTBIs.
Seed density affects post‐dispersal seed predation: evidence from a seed removal experiment of 62 species
Authors: WANG Bo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPost‐dispersal seed predation plays an important role in plant demography and biodiversity maintenance. However, the effects of seed density on seed predation from previous studies have been inconsistent. We dissected the effects of density on the 2‐step processes of seed predation using 101 520 seeds from 62 plant species in an alpine pine forest for 3 consecutive years. In this study we explained the current controversy surrounding the effects of density on seed predation. Seed encounter frequency (at least 1 seed being predated from an experiment depot) showed positive density dependence, while seed exploitation (the proportion of seeds being predated of the encountered depots) showed negative density dependence. Both density effects showed a consistent trend but with different magnitudes of effect across years. Final seed predation is the combination of seed encounter and seed exploitation. Final seed predation could be either positively or negatively density‐dependent and was contingent on the magnitude of the difference between positive density‐dependent seed encounter and negative density‐dependent seed exploitation. Our results also indicated that studies including only a few species would produce biased results, because the density effect on seed predation differed greatly among plant species. Future studies should include a large number of plant species that possess a wide range of diverse seed traits to avoid potential bias and produce more comprehensive and accurate results.
Older drivers' self‐reported vision‐related night‐driving difficulties and night‐driving performance
Authors: Kimlin Janessa A , Black Alex A , Wood Joanne M 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate associations between older drivers' perceived vision‐related night‐driving difficulties and night‐time driving performance measured on a closed‐road circuit.MethodsParticipants included 26 older drivers (71.8 ± 6.3 years) who reported vision‐related night‐driving difficulties assessed with the vision and night driving questionnaire (VND‐Q). High‐contrast, photopic visual acuity (VA) and ratings of discomfort glare (de Boer scale) were also assessed. Night‐time driving performance was measured on a closed‐road circuit that involved recognition, hazard avoidance and lane‐keeping tasks in the absence and presence of intermittent glare. Generalized linear mixed models investigated the relationship between VND‐Q scores and overall driving performance scores, as well as with discomfort glare ratings and VA.ResultsGreater levels of vision‐related night‐driving difficulties (VND‐Q scores) were significantly associated with poorer night‐driving performance (p = 0.003); the association was even stronger for driving performance in the presence of intermittent glare (p = 0.001). Reduced VA was associated with poorer night‐driving performance (p = 0.022) but the association was weaker than for the VND‐Q scores. In contrast, ratings of discomfort glare were not significantly associated with driving performance (p = 0.14).ConclusionThe VND‐Q was significantly associated with night‐time driving performance and provides a useful instrument for assessing vision‐related night‐driving difficulties which can be incorporated into clinical vision assessments.
Vascular changes after vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: optical coherence tomography angiography study
Authors: Bonfiglio Vincenza , Ortisi Elina , Scollo Davide , Reibaldi Michele , Russo Andrea , Pizzo Alessandra , Faro Giuseppe , Macchi Iacopo , Fallico Matteo , Toro Mario D. , Rejdak Robert , Nowomiejska Katarzyna , Toto Lisa , Rinaldi Michele , Cillino Salvatore , Avitabile Teresio , Longo Antonio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the postoperative foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, superficial vessel density (SVD) and deep vessel density (DVD) and their correlation with functional (best‐corrected visual acuity, BCVA) and anatomical outcomes (foveal macular thickness, FMT) after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair.MethodPatients with RRD eyes, successfully treated with a single pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with gas tamponade and a minimum 12 months follow‐up, were re‐examined. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, SVD, DVD and FMT were evaluated by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and compared to fellow eye.ResultsFifty‐six patients with macula‐on and 37 with macula‐off RRD were included in the study. In both groups, no difference in FMT and FAZ area was found compared to fellow eyes. In macula‐on RRD eyes, a lower parafoveal DVD (p = 0.001) was detected; FAZ area was related to FMT (p = 0.025), and the postoperative BCVA was correlated with parafoveal DVD (p = 0.010) and FAZ area (p = 0.003). In macula‐off RRD eyes, lower parafoveal SDV (p = 0.012), and foveal and parafoveal DVD (p = 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively) were observed. BCVA was related to FAZ area (p = 0.012), foveal SVD (p = 0.005) and parafoveal DVD (p = 0.010).ConclusionRhegmatogenous retinal detachment eyes successfully treated with PPV had lower vessel density in the superficial and deep retinal plexus compared to fellow healthy eyes; BCVA was related to FAZ area and vessel density.
French neonatal society position paper stresses the importance of an early family‐centred approach to discharging preterm infants from hospital
Authors: Pladys Patrick , Zaoui Catherine , Girard Laurence , Mons Fabienne , Reynaud Audrey , Casper Charlotte ,   The Group for Reflections on and Evaluation of the Neonatal Environment of the French Neonatal Society
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe families of hospitalised preterm infants risk depression and post‐traumatic stress and the preterm infants risk re‐hospitalisation. The French neonatal society's aim was to review the literature on how the transition from hospital to home could limit these risks and to produce a position paper.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed covering 1 January 2000 to 1 January 2018, and multidisciplinary experts examined the scientific evidence.ResultsWe identified 939 English and French papers and 169 are quoted in the position paper. Most studies stressed the importance of early, personalised and progressive involvement of the family. Healthcare staff and families should assess discharge preparations jointly. This evaluation should assess the capacities of the newborn infant, with regard to its physiological maturity. It should also assess the family's ability to supply the medical, psychological and social assistance required before and after discharge. There should be a structured follow‐up process that includes effective communication, various tools, interventions, networks, health and social professionals.ConclusionDischarge preparations may improve the transition from hospital to home and the outcomes for the parents and newborn preterm infant. This early family‐centred approach should be structured, coordinated and based on individual needs and circumstances.
Calmodulin‐mediated events during the life cycle of the amoebozoan Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: O'Day Danton H. , Mathavarajah Sabateeshan , Myre Michael A. , Huber Robert J. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThis review focusses on the functions of intracellular and extracellular calmodulin, its target proteins and their binding proteins during the asexual life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum. Calmodulin is a primary regulatory protein of calcium signal transduction that functions throughout all stages. During growth, it mediates autophagy, the cell cycle, folic acid chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and other functions. During mitosis, specific calmodulin‐binding proteins translocate to alternative locations. Translocation of at least one cell adhesion protein is calmodulin dependent. When starved, cells undergo calmodulin‐dependent chemotaxis to cyclic AMP generating a multicellular pseudoplasmodium. Calmodulin‐dependent signalling within the slug sets up a defined pattern and polarity that sets the stage for the final events of morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Transected slugs undergo calmodulin‐dependent transdifferentiation to re‐establish the disrupted pattern and polarity. Calmodulin function is critical for stalk cell differentiation but also functions in spore formation, events that begin in the pseudoplasmodium. The asexual life cycle restarts with the calmodulin‐dependent germination of spores. Specific calmodulin‐binding proteins as well as some of their binding partners have been linked to each of these events. The functions of extracellular calmodulin during growth and development are also discussed. This overview brings to the forefront the central role of calmodulin, working through its numerous binding proteins, as a primary downstream regulator of the critical calcium signalling pathways that have been well established in this model eukaryote. This is the first time the function of calmodulin and its target proteins have been documented through the complete life cycle of any eukaryote.
Regulation of ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 by Snail contributes to chemoresistance in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Ji‐Min , Wei Wei , Yang Rui , Chen Dong , Ma Xiao‐Dong , Jiang Guan‐Min , Wang Bao‐Long 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough accumulating evidence has indicated the intimate association between epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquired resistance to chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we reported that Snail, a crucial EMT controller, was upregulated in CRC tissues. Colorectal cancer cells overexpressing Snail were found to be more resistant to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐Fu). Mechanistic studies reveal that Snail could increase the expression of ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) rather than the other 23 chemoresistance‐related genes. Additionally, knockdown of ABCB1 significantly attenuated Snail‐induced 5‐Fu resistance in CRC cells. Oxaliplatin increased Snail and ABCB1 expression in CRC cells. Snail and ABCB1 were upregulated in 5‐Fu‐resistant HCT‐8 (HCT‐8/5‐Fu) cells and inhibition of Snail decreased ABCB1 in HCT‐8/5‐Fu cells. These results confirm the vital role played by ABCB1 in Snail‐induced chemoresistance. Further investigation into the relevant molecular mechanism revealed Snail‐mediated ABCB1 upregulation was independent of β‐catenin, STAT3, PXR, CAR and Foxo3a, which are commonly involved in modulating ABCB1 transcription. Instead, Snail upregulated ABCB1 transcription by directly binding to its promoter. Clinical analysis confirms that increased Snail expression correlated significantly with tumor size (P = .018), lymph node metastasis (P = .033), distant metastasis (P = .025), clinical stage grade (P = .024), and poor prognosis (P = .045) of CRC patients. Moreover, coexpression of Snail and ABCB1 was observed in CRC patients. Our study revealed that direct regulation of ABCB1 by Snail was critical for conferring chemoresistance in CRC cells. These findings unraveled the mechanisms underlying the association between EMT and chemoresistance, and provided potential targets for CRC clinical treatment.
Compressed Neighbour Lists for SPH
Authors: Band Stefan , Gissler Christoph , Teschner Matthias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe propose a novel compression scheme to store neighbour lists for iterative solvers that employ Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). The compression scheme is inspired by Stream VByte, but uses a non‐linear mapping from data to data bytes, yielding memory savings of up to 87%. It is part of a novel variant of the Cell‐Linked‐List (CLL) concept that is inspired by compact hashing with an improved processing of the cell‐particle relations. We show that the resulting neighbour search outperforms compact hashing in terms of speed and memory consumption. Divergence‐Free SPH (DFSPH) scenarios with up to 1.3 billion SPH particles can be processed on a 24‐core PC using 172 GB of memory. Scenes with more than 7 billion SPH particles can be processed in a Message Passing Interface (MPI) environment with 112 cores and 880 GB of RAM. The neighbour search is also useful for interactive applications. A DFSPH simulation step for up to 0.2 million particles can be computed in less than 40 ms on a 12‐core PC.