bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon nanotubes promote cell migration in hydrogels
Authors: Ravanbakhsh Hossein , Bao Guangyu , Mongeau Luc 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInjectable hydrogels are increasingly used for in situ tissue regeneration and wound healing. Ideally, an injectable implant should promote the recruitment of cells from the surrounding native tissue and allow cells to migrate freely as they generate a new extracellular matrix network. Nanocomposite hydrogels such as carbon nanotube (CNT)-loaded hydrogels have been hypothesized to promote cell recruitment and cell migration relative to unloaded ones. To investigate this, CNT-glycol chitosan hydrogels were synthesized and studied. Chemoattractant-induced cell migration was studied using a modified Boyden Chamber experiment. Migrated cells were counted using flow cytometry. Cell adhesion was inferred from the morphology of the cells via an image segmentation method. Cell migration and recruitment results confirmed that small concentrations of CNT significantly increase cell migration in hydrogels, thereby accelerating tissue regeneration and wound healing in situations where there is insufficient migration in the unloaded matrix.
Light transport and vortex-supported wave-guiding in micro-structured optical fibres
Authors: Pryamikov Andrey , Alagashev Grigory , Falkovich Gregory , Turitsyn Sergei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn hydrodynamics, vortex generation upon the transition from smooth laminar flows to turbulence is generally accompanied by increased dissipation. However, vortices in the plane can provide transport barriers and decrease losses, as it happens in numerous geophysical, astrophysical flows and in tokamaks. Photon interactions with matter can affect light transport in ways resembling fluid dynamics. Here, we demonstrate significant impact of light vortex formation in micro-structured optical fibres on the energy dissipation. We show possibility of vortex formation in both solid core and hollow core fibres on the zero energy flow lines in the cladding. Through intensive numerical modelling using different independent approaches, we discovered a correlation between appearance of vortices and reduction of light leakage by three orders of magnitude, effectively improving wave guiding. This new effect potentially might have strong impact on numerous practical applications of micro-structured fibres. For instance, a strong light localization based on the same principle can also be achieved in the negative curvature hollow core fibres.
Cryptic species in the parasitic Amoebophrya species complex revealed by a polyphasic approach
Authors: Cai Ruibo , Kayal Ehsan , Alves-de-Souza Catharina , Bigeard Estelle , Corre Erwan , Jeanthon Christian , Marie Dominique , Porcel Betina M. , Siano Raffaele , Szymczak Jeremy , Wolf Matthias , Guillou Laure 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs critical primary producers and recyclers of organic matter, the diversity of marine protists has been extensively explored by high-throughput barcode sequencing. However, classification of short metabarcoding sequences into traditional taxonomic units is not trivial, especially for lineages mainly known by their genetic fingerprints. This is the case for the widespread Amoebophrya ceratii species complex, parasites of their dinoflagellate congeners. We used genetic and phenotypic characters, applied to 119 Amoebophrya individuals sampled from the same geographic area, to construct practical guidelines for species delineation that could be applied in DNA/RNA based diversity analyses. Based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, ITS2 compensatory base changes (CBC) and genome k-mer comparisons, we unambiguously defined eight cryptic species among closely related ribotypes that differed by less than 97% sequence identity in their SSU rDNA. We then followed the genetic signatures of these parasitic species during a three-year survey of Alexandrium minutum blooms. We showed that these cryptic Amoebophrya species co-occurred and shared the same ecological niche. We also observed a maximal ecological fitness for parasites having narrow to intermediate host ranges, reflecting a high cost for infecting a broader host range. This study suggests that a complete taxonomic revision of these parasitic dinoflagellates is long overdue to understand their diversity and ecological role in the marine plankton.
Communication to a spinning CubeSat using a two‐mode planar circular array
Authors: Abbasi M.A.B. , Fusco V.F. , Naeem U. 
Published: February 2020

This Letter presents a novel technique for establishing a robust communication link to a spinning un‐stabilised small satellite such as a CubeSat. The authors propose a system that involves a multimode excited planar circular array radio combined with a 360° phase shifter that can electronically track the spinning CubeSat antenna and establish a communication link. The transmitter comprises a mode‐generating Rotman lens and a circular array of microstrip patch antennas. The authors’ proposed approach combines two spatially orthogonal modes of the circular array. They first present the system architecture, then they design and realise a proof‐of‐concept experimentally validated module operating in C‐band at 5.8 GHz.
Synthesisable glitch‐less phase rotator with conditionally cascading scheme
Authors: Kim Hyojun , Lee Kwangho , Jeong Deog‐Kyoon 
Published: February 2020

This Letter presents a synthesisable phase rotator (PR) which operates without switching glitches that are reported in conventional implementations. The proposed conditionally cascading PR (CCPR) is comprised of two multiplexers (MUXes) with logic gates, and a phase interpolator (PI). This composition enables the automatic design flow through hardware description language which shortens the design time. With the MUXes operating as a cascaded PI at transition points, the proposed CCPR outputs a clock without any transient anomaly. A remarkable reduction in power and area is achieved by sharing a common PI for every pair of input clocks and merging low pass filters into the MUXes. Simulated in a 40‐nm technology, the proposed CCPR consumes 1.9 mW at a 1.1 V supply with 5.4 GHz operation.
Efficacy and safety of modified endoscopic mucosal resection for rectal neuroendocrine tumors: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Jian-Chun , Zheng Kai , Zhao Shuai , Wang Zhen-Ning , Xu Hui-Mian , Jiang Cheng-Gang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose Rectal neuroendocrine tumors are rare with good prognosis. Several endoscopic methods such as endoscopic polypectomy, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), and modified endoscopic mucosal resection (m-EMR) are used in the treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors. Although m-EMR is derived from traditional EMR, it has not been widely used in clinical practice. In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of EMR and m-EMR in the treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors by performing a meta-analysis.
Materials and Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE index up to the end of January 2017 for all published literature about EMR and m-EMR in the treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors.
Results A total of 11 studies involving 811 patients were included. The pooled data suggested that there was a significantly higher rate of histologic complete resection and endoscopic complete resection among patients treated with m-EMR than those treated with EMR (histologic complete resection: OR = 0.23, 95 % CI = 0.10–0.51, p < 0.01; endoscopic complete resection: OR = 0.13, 95 % CI = 0.02–0.74, p = 0.02). The procedure time of EMR was longer than m-EMR (MD = 2.40, 95 % CI = 0.33–4.46, p = 0.02). There was a significantly higher rate of vertical margin involvement among patients treated with EMR than those treated with m-EMR; whereas, there was no significant difference of lateral margin involvement between the m-EMR and EMR groups (vertical margin involvement: OR = 5.00, 95 % CI = 2.67–9.33, p < 0.01; lateral margin involvement: OR = 1.44, 95 % CI = 0.48–4.37, p = 0.52). There was no significant difference in mean tumor size among patients treated with m-EMR versus those treated with EMR (MD = −0.30, 95 % CI = −0.75–0.14, p = 0.18); further, there was no significant difference in endoscopic mean sizes of the tumor and pathological mean sizes of the tumor between the m-EMR and EMR groups (endoscopic mean sizes of the tumor: MD = 0.20, 95 % CI = −0.44–0.84, p = 0.43; pathological mean sizes of the tumor: MD = 0.62, 95 % CI = −0.68–1.92, p = 0.05). No significant differences were detected among the treatment groups with regard to complications (bleeding: OR = 0.87, 95 % CI = 0.39–1.95, p = 0.73; complications (bleeding and perforation): OR = 0.87, 95 % CI = 0.40–1.88, p = 0.73).
Conclusion The efficacy of m-EMR are better than EMR among patients undergoing endoscopic treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors, and the safety of m-EMR is equivalent to EMR treatment.
Diagnostische Herausforderungen bei Mischstaub-Pneumokoniosen – 5 Fallbeispiele
Authors: Baur X. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Exposition gegenüber granulären und faserförmigen anorganischen alveolengängigen Stäuben führt zu inflammatorischen und fibrosierenden Lungenveränderungen. Außerdem geht sie mit einem erhöhten Lungenkrebsrisiko einher. Unter Berücksichtigung einer eingehenden Arbeitsanamnese bereitet die Diagnose der relativ häufigen Pneumokoniosen Silikose und Asbestose bei vorherrschender Ausprägung mit vorwiegend rundlichen bzw. irregulären Verschattungen und Betonung der Ober- bzw. Unterfelder kaum Schwierigkeiten. Jedoch liegt im einzelnen Erkrankungsfall selten eine Monoexposition vor. Vielmehr finden sich praktisch immer gleichzeitig Mischexpositionen, z. B. im Steinkohlenbergbau Quarz und Kohlenstoff, im Baugewerbe Quarz, Asbest, verschiedene weitere Zement- und Betonbestandteile, z. T. auch Hartmetalle und Schweißrauche. Des Weiteren kommt es im Laufe eines Arbeitslebens durch Veränderungen der Produktionsprozesse und der Ausgangsmaterialien und infolge Arbeitsplatz-/Berufswechsel zu Variationen der Art und Intensität solcher Belastungen. Die damit einhergehende Heterogenität der Exposition und der damit verbundenen intrapulmonalen Deposition hat Einfluss auf die resultierenden strukturellen Lungenveränderungen, d. h. es kommt zu mehr oder weniger ausgeprägten Abweichungen der morphologischen Strukturen von in den Lehrbüchern als typisch dargestellten Pneumokoniosebildern. Dadurch kann sich die Diagnostik schwierig gestalten, insbesondere die Abgrenzung zu idiopathischen interstitiellen Lungenerkrankungen gelingt oft nicht mehr sicher. Zu berücksichtigen sind außerdem genetische Einflüsse hinsichtlich der Krankheitssuszeptibilität und des Ausmaßes der pathohistologisch und radiologisch feststellbaren Veränderungen.Es werden 5 Fallbeispiele dargestellt, die durchwegs initial als idiopathische Lungenfibrose gedeutet wurden, deren genaue Aufarbeitung – großteils im Rahmen der Sozialgerichtsbarkeit − durch den Autor jedoch stets eine Mischstaub-Pneumokoniose wahrscheinlich machte.
Class I and II Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor LBH589 Promotes Endocrine
Differentiation in Bone Marrow Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Suppresses
Uncontrolled Proliferation
Authors: Schröder Christoph , Khatri Rahul , Petry Sebastian Friedrich , Linn Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells are useful tools employed in clinical and preclinical medicine.
Their beneficial potential in especially degenerative as well as autoimmune diseases is
a constant focus of research. Regarding diabetes mellitus, transplantation of stem cells
is seen as a possible therapeutic approach to overcome the loss of endocrine pancreatic
cells. It was reported that co-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells with pancreatic
islet cells improves function and survival of the graft. However, these multipotent
progenitors may be able to form tumors, especially under immunosuppressed conditions.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors might offer the potential to overcome this issue. These
small molecules can induce cell differentiation and control proliferation. Their
potential to control lineage development of stem cells has been distinctly demonstrated
in the treatment of cancer, mainly in hematopoietic neoplasias.In this study, we demonstrate that human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
exhibit low carcinogenic potential in an immunosuppressed condition in vivo.
Further, the effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors LBH589, MS-275, and MGCD0103 was
examined after normalizing histone deacetylase activities in culture. Interestingly,
transcripts of insulin gene enhancer protein and paired-box-gene 6, two markers of
pancreatic endocrine differentiation were constitutively expressed in the cell line. The
broad spectrum inhibitor of class I and class II histone deacetylases LBH589 upregulated
the expression of these transcription factors in a significant way, whereas addition of
selective class I histone deacetylase inhibitors MS-275 and MGCD0103 did not result in
significant changes in gene expression.In conclusion, we deliver evidence that a combined class I and II histone deacetylase
inhibition is able to modulate the transcripts of differentiation markers of mesenchymal
stem cells. The treatment holds the capability to facilitate endocrine differentiation
in future approaches to replace endocrine cells by stem cell therapy.
Parents Matter: Examination of Family Presence in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Saxton Sage N. , Walker Bethany L. , Dukhovny Dmitry 
Published: February 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to examine presence trends for parents and family members during an infant's Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) hospitalization.Study Design We conducted a review of 386 infants hospitalized in a Level IV NICU in the Northwestern United States between June 2013 and April 2014 to quantitatively examine presence trends.Results Infants were visited by multiple family members. The father was the most common first family member at the bedside after admission. Parents were present over half of the days their infants were in the NICU (medians: mothers 75% and fathers 59%), but a relatively small percentage of the total hospitalization time (medians: 10% mothers and 5% fathers). Fathers', grandmothers', and grandfathers' presence with their infants in the NICU were negatively correlated with infants' total length of stay in the NICU. This finding was not replicated for mothers. Female family members were present in the NICU more than male family members.Conclusion Parents are present a small percent of the time their infants are hospitalized in the NICU. NICU based methods to improve family presence may lead to improved patient and family centered care.Key Points
Umbilical Blood Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α as Predictors of the Central Nervous System Damage and Retinopathy in Preterm Infants
Authors: Bartkevičienė Daiva , Pilypienė Ingrida , Serapinas Danielius , Vaigauskaitė Brigita , Vankevičiūtė Rasa Aurelija , Bartkevičiūtė Agnė , Narkevičiūtė Ieva , Dumalakienė Irena 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim was to identify the critical levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in umbilical cord blood that could be used as markers for predicting the central nervous system (CNS) damage and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants.
Study Design A total of 158 preterm infants, born at 22 to 34 weeks of gestation, were evaluated in the first week after birth and at 36 to 37 weeks of postconceptual age.
Results A significant relationship between CNS changes and concentrations of IL-6 (p < 0.001) and TNF-α (p < 0.001) in umbilical cord blood at 22 to 34 weeks of gestation was determined. The concentration of IL-6 >13.0 pg/mL predicts significant CNS damages in 36 to 37-week infants (p = 0.013). ROP was diagnosed in 24.8% infants (n = 149). It was detected that the levels of TNF-α >116.4 pg/mL (p < 0.001) and IL-6 >13.0 pg/mL (p < 0.05) in umbilical cord blood could predict 2 to 3/3 to 4 stages of ROP.
Conclusion Critical values of IL-6 and TNF-α in predicting ≥grade III intraventricular hemorrhage in the early adaptation and in predicting marked CNS damages and severe ROP stages in the later adaptation of preterm infants were determined.
Use of the World Health Organization Access, Watch, and Reserve Classification to Follow Trends in Prescription of Antibiotic Use in Two Pediatric Intensive Care Units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Araujo da Silva André Ricardo , Oliveira Cristina Vieira de Souza , Teixeira Cristiane Henriques , Leal Izabel Alves 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective The recommended percentage of antibiotic use in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) using the World Health Organization (WHO) Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRE) classification is not known.
Methods We have conducted an interrupted time series analysis in two PICUs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, over a period of 18 months. The type of antibiotics used was evaluated using the WHO AWaRE classification, and the amount of antibiotic was measured using days of therapy/1,000 patient-days (DOT/1000PD) after implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP). The first and last semesters were compared using medians and the Mann–Whitney's test. The trends of antibiotic consumption were performed using time series analysis in three consecutive 6-month periods.
Results A total of 2,205 patients were admitted, accounting for 12,490 patient-days. In PICU 1, overall antibiotic consumption (in DOT/1000PD) was 1,322 in the first 6 months of analysis and 1,264.5 in the last 6 months (p = 0.81). In PICU 2, the consumption for the same period was 1,638.5 and 1,344.5, respectively (p = 0.031). In PICU 1, the antibiotics classified in the AWaRE groups were used 33.2, 57.9, and 8.4% of the time, respectively. The remaining 0.5% of antibiotics used were not classified in any of these groups. In PICU 2, the AWaRE groups corresponded to 30.2, 60.5, and 9.3% of all antibiotics used, respectively. There was no use of unclassified antibiotics in this unit. The use of all three groups of WHO AWaRE antibiotics was similar in the first and the last semesters, with the exception of Reserve group in PICU 2 (183.5 × 92, p = 0.031).
Conclusion A significant reduction of overall antibiotic use and also in the Reserve group was achieved in one of the PICU units studied. The antibiotics classified in the Watch group were the most used in both units, representing ∼60% of all the antibiotics consumed.
Tuning the dihydroazulene – vinylheptafulvene couple for storage of solar energy
Authors: Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Ree Nicolai , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Cacciarini Martina 
Published: February 2020

Dihydroazulene (DHA) is a molecular photoswitch that undergoes a ring-opening reaction upon irradiation to form a vinylheptafulvene (VHF) photoisomer. This VHF isomer will in time thermally return to the DHA isomer. As the isomerization is photo-induced only in one direction, the DHA – VHF couple has attracted interest as a molecular solar thermal energy storage device (MOST system). In this author review, we cover our systematic efforts to optimize the DHA – VHF couple for this purpose, with challenges being to achieve sufficiently high energy densities, to cover broad absorptions including the visible region, and to control the energy-releasing VHF-to-DHA back-reaction. By a combination of computations and experiments, we review the consequences of various structural modifications of the system (structure – property relationships), including the influence of donor-acceptor substitution at specific positions, benzannulations, and incorporation into macrocyclic structures. Synthetic protocols to reach the various modifications will also be discussed.The bibliography includes 60 references.
Chinese urban language in historical perspective
Authors: Simmons Richard VanNess 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Three contemporaneous descriptions of Guānhuà from the beginning of the 19th century collectively provide a rich
and evocative representation that contains a trove of details regarding the nature of that koine and its relationship to Mandarin
and local dialects in the urban linguistic milieu of the late Qīng. The descriptions are those of Gāo Jìngtíng (fl. 1800–1810), Lǐ
Rǔzhēn (c. 1763–1830), and Robert Morrison (1782–1834). We find that all three note the
existence of two forms of Guānhuà, a northern type, and a southern type. The three authors all present a mix of northern and
southern types in their descriptions, though each also gives greater prominence to the southern type. This southern type has a
close connection to the southern Jiāng-Huái Mandarin dialects, and takes the dialect of Nánjīng as a primary representative. In
overall perspective, these three authors’ descriptions also reveal there was widespread acceptance of, and social accommodation
for, linguistic diversity in Qīng China, within which Guānhuà served as the lingua franca that promoted easy communication across
China’s vast territory.
Distributional metrics and the action principle of Einstein–Hilbert gravity
Authors: Huber Albert 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this work, a subclass of the generalized Kerr–Schild class of spacetimes is specified, with respect to which the Ricci tensor (regardless of the position of indices) proves to be linear in the so-called profile function of the geometry. Considering Colombeau’s nonlinear theory of generalized functions, this result is extended to apply to an associated class of distributional Kerr–Schild geometries, and then used to formulate a variational principle for these singular spacetimes. More specifically, it is shown in this regard that a variation of a suitably regularized Einstein–Hilbert action can be performed even if the metric of one of the corresponding generalized Kerr–Schild representatives contains a generalized delta function that converges in a suitable limit to a delta distribution.
Fluence perturbation from fiducial markers due to edge-scattering measured with pixel sensors for 12C ion beams
Authors: Reidel Claire-Anne , Schuy Christoph , Horst Felix , Ecker Swantje , Finck Christian , Durante Marco , Weber Uli 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fiducial markers are nowadays a common tool for patient positioning verification before radiotherapy treatment. These markers should be visible on x-ray projection imaging, produce low streak artifacts on CTs and induce small dose perturbations due to edge-scattering effects during the ion-beam therapy treatment. In this study, the latter effect was investigated and the perturbations created by the markers were evaluated with a new measurement method using a tracker system composed of six CMOS pixel sensors. The present method enables the determination of the particle trajectory before and after the target. The experiments have been conducted at the Marburg Ion Beam Therapy Center with carbon ion beams and the measurement concept was validated by comparison with radiochromic films. This work shows that the new method is very efficient and precise to measure the perturbations due to fiducial markers with a tracker system. Three dimensional fluence distributions of all particle trajectories were reconstructed and the maximum cold spots due to the markers and their position along the beam axis were quantified. In this study, four small commercial markers with different geometries and materials (gold and carbon-coated ZrO2) were evaluated. The gold markers showed stronger perturbations than the lower density ones. However, it is important to consider that low density and low atomic number fiducial markers are not always visible on x-ray projections.