bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MiR‐140‐5p promotes osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and post‐fracture healing of mice
Authors: Jiao Jianhang , Feng Guang , Wu Minfei , Wang Yang , Li Rui , Liu Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMiR‐140‐5p is high expressed in normal fracture healing, but its specific role and mechanism in tissue‐to‐bone healing are rarely reported. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of miR‐140‐5p on tissue‐to‐bone healing. Clone formation experiment, flow cytometry, Alizarin Red S Staining and Oil Red O Staining were performed to investigate the biological characteristics of mouse embryonic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells C3H10T1/2. MiR‐140‐5p mimic was transfected into osteogenic medium (OS)‐treated C3H10T1/2 cells to investigate the effects of miR‐140‐5p on osteogenic differentiation. MiR‐140‐5p transgenic mouse model and the transgenic fracture model were established, and the effects of miR‐140‐5p on osteogenic differentiation, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mass of bone tissues were detected by haematoxylin and eosin staining and computed tomography scan. The expressions of osteocalcin, differentiation‐related genes (Runx2, ALP, Spp1 and Bglap3) and miR‐140‐5p were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. C3H10T1/2 cells showed the abilities of forming cloned differentiation of osteogenesis, fat cells, and its phenotypes including CD44, CD90.1 and Sca‐1 but excluding CD45 haematopoietic stem cell marker. Overexpression of miR‐140‐5p promoted the expressions of differentiation‐related genes and calcium deposition of OS‐treated C3H10T1/2 cells. MiR‐140‐5p increased the expression of osteocalcin, BMD and bone mass and promoted bone healing of miR‐140‐5p‐transgenic mice with fracture. MiR‐140‐5p promoted osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and post‐fracture healing in mice.Significance of the studyC3H10T1/2 cells showed the abilities of forming cloned differentiation of osteogenesis, fat cells and its phenotypes including CD44, CD90.1 and Sca‐1 but excluding CD45 haematopoietic stem cell marker. Overexpression of miR‐140‐5p promoted the expressions of differentiation‐related genes and calcium deposition of osteogenic medium‐treated C3H10T1/2 cells. MiR‐140‐5p increased the expression of osteocalcin and bone mineral density and bone mass and promoted bone healing of miR‐140‐5p‐transgenic mice with fracture. Our results showed that miR‐140‐5p promoted osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and post‐fracture healing in mice, which may be a therapeutic target for treating fractures and promoting bone healing.
Hydrogen Auto‐transfer Synthesis of Quinoxalines from o‐Nitroanilines and Biomass‐based Diols Catalyzed by MOF‐derived N,P Co‐doped Cobalt Catalysts
Authors: Sun Kangkang , Li Dandan , Lu Guo‐Ping , Cai Chun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA Co‐based heterogeneous catalyst supported on N,P co‐doped porous carbon (Co@NCP) is prepared via a facile in‐situ doping‐carbonization method. The Co@NCP composite features a large surface area, high pore volume, high‐density and strong basic sites. Furthermore, doping of P atoms can regulate the electronic density of Co. Therefore, Co@NCP exhibits good performance for the synthesis of quinoxalines from o‐nitroanilines and biomass‐derived diols under alkali‐free conditions.
Electrochemical determination of the degree of atomic surface roughness in Pt–Ni alloy nanocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Jeon Tae‐Yeol , Yu Seung‐Ho , Yoo Sung J. , Park Hee‐Young , Kim Sang‐Kyung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPt–Ni alloy nanocrystals with Pt‐enriched shells were prepared by selective etching of surface Ni using sulfuric acid and hydroquinone. The changes in the electronic and geometric structure of the alloy nanoparticles at the surface were elucidated from the electrochemical surface area, the potential of zero total charge (PZTC), and relative surface roughness, which were determined from CO‐ and CO2‐displacement experiments before and after 3000 potential cycles under oxygen reduction reaction conditions. While the highest activity and durability were achieved in hydroquinone‐treated Pt–Ni, sulfuric acid‐treated one showed the lower activity and durability despite its higher surface Pt concentration and alloying level. Both PZTC and /Q
CO ratio (desorption charge of reductively adsorbed CO2 normalized by COad‐stripping charge) depend on surface roughness. In particular, /Q
CO ratio change better reflects the roughness on an atomic scale, and PZTC is also affected by the electronic modification of Pt atoms in surface layers. In this study, a comparative study is presented to find a relationship between surface structure and electrochemical properties, which reveals that surface roughness plays a critical role to improve the electrochemical performance of Pt–Ni alloy catalysts with Pt‐rich surfaces.
Iron Catalyzed Isomerization of α‐Alkyl Styrenes to Access Trisubstituted Alkenes
Authors: Xu Songgen , Liu Guixia , Huang Zheng 
Published: October 2020

Main observation and conclusionStereoselective isomerization of α‐alkyl styrenes is accomplished using a new iron catalyst supported by phosphine‐pyridine‐oxazoline (PPO) ligand. The protocol provides an atom‐efficient and operationally simple approach to trisubstituted alkenes in high yields with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivities under mild conditions. The results of deuterium‐labelling and radical trap experiments are consistent with an iron‐hydride pathway involving reversible alkene insertion and β‐H elimination.
Number of screening rounds attended and incidence of high‐risk prostate cancer in the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (FinRSPC)
Authors: Pakarainen Tomi , Nevalainen Jaakko , Talala Kirsi , Taari Kimmo , Raitanen Jani , Kujala Paula , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan , Tammela Teuvo L. J. , Auvinen Anssi 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer has shown a 20% reduction in prostate cancer (PC) mortality by prostate‐specific antigen–based screening. In addition, screening has been shown to reduce the risk of advanced PC. The objective of the current study was to analyze the impact of screening participation on the incidence of PC by risk group.MethodsThe participants in the screening arm of the Finnish trial (31,867 men) were classified according to screening attendance in a time‐dependent fashion. Initially, all men in the screening arm were regarded as nonattenders until the first screening attendance; they then remained in the once‐screened group until the second screen and similarly for the possible third round. The control arm formed the reference group. Follow‐up started at randomization and ended at the time of diagnosis of PC, emigration, or the end of 2015. PC cases were divided into risk groups according to European Association of Urology definitions.ResultsThe incidence of low‐risk PC increased with the number of screens, whereas no clear relation with participation was noted in the intermediate‐risk and high‐risk cases. For patients with advanced PC, attending screening at least twice was associated with a lower risk.ConclusionsScreening reduces the risk of advanced PC after only 2 screening cycles. A single screen demonstrated no benefit in terms of PC incidence. Repeated screening is necessary to achieve screening advantages.
Genetic variation in the body mass index of adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort
Authors: Richard Melissa A. , Brown Austin L. , Belmont John W. , Scheurer Michael E. , Arroyo Vidal M. , Foster Kayla L. , Kern Kathleen D. , Hudson Melissa M. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Okcu M. Fatih , Sapkota Yadav , Yasui Yutaka , Morton Lindsay M. , Chanock Stephen J. , Robison Leslie L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Bhatia Smita , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Lupo Philip J. , Kamdar Kala Y. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundTreatment characteristics such as cranial radiation therapy (CRT) do not fully explain adiposity risk in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors. This study was aimed at characterizing genetic variation related to adult body mass index (BMI) among survivors of childhood ALL.MethodsGenetic associations of BMI among 1458 adult survivors of childhood ALL (median time from diagnosis, 20 years) were analyzed by multiple approaches. A 2‐stage genome‐wide association study in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE) was performed. BMI was a highly polygenic trait in the general population. Within the known loci, the BMI percent variance explained was estimated, and additive interactions (chi‐square test) with CRT in the CCSS were evaluated. The role of DNA methylation in CRT interaction was further evaluated in a subsample of ALL survivors.ResultsIn a meta‐analysis of the CCSS and SJLIFE, 2 novel loci associated with adult BMI among survivors of childhood ALL (LINC00856 rs575792008 and EMR1 rs62123082; PMeta < 5E–8) were identified. It was estimated that the more than 700 known loci explained 6.2% of the variation in adult BMI in childhood ALL survivors. Within the known loci, significant main effects for 23 loci and statistical interactions with CRT at 9 loci (P < 7.0E–5) were further identified. At 2 CRT‐interacting loci, DNA methylation patterns may have differed by age.ConclusionsAdult survivors of childhood ALL have genetic heritability for BMI similar to that observed in the general population. This study provides evidence that treatment with CRT can modify the effect of genetic variants on adult BMI in childhood ALL survivors.
Modelization and analysis of dynamic heterogeneous redundant system
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Guangsong , Gai Keke , Tang Yazhe , Yang Benchao , Si Xueming 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWith the development and popularization of Internet technology, network security has become the focus of attention. Vulnerabilities and back doors are regarded as two of the main reasons of network security problems. Dynamic heterogeneous redundant (DHR) architecture is a typical framework of cyberspace mimic defense. It can make use of untrusted hardware and software components to construct a high reliable and high security information system. In this article, a mathematical model is set up for the DHR architecture, and the system security is characterized by vulnerability consistency rate and success rate of system attack. The antiattack ability of the DHR system is analyzed using the mathematical model.
Identification and molecular characterization of novel Rht‐1 alleles in hard red spring wheat
Authors: Jobson Emma M. , Martin John M. , Sharrock Robert , Hogg Andrew C. , Giroux Michael J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe introduction of the semidwarfing alleles, Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b, into wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties significantly increased wheat yields beginning in the 1960s. Despite their agronomic advantage, Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b are also associated with decreased grain protein content and decreased coleoptile length. Furthermore, there is limited allelic diversity available to wheat breeders beyond Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b. We identified 16 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)‐induced Rht‐1 alleles, including a nonsense mutation in each Rht‐1 gene: Rht‐A‐Q555stop, Rht‐B‐Q420stop, and Rht‐D‐W559stop. We focused our attention for this study on stop alleles since the Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b alleles also contain premature stop codons. We evaluated the new nonsense alleles by measuring their impact on coleoptile length, gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity, and DELLA/GID1 interaction. Rht‐A‐Q555stop reduced coleoptile length 16% compared with Rht‐1a (wild type) and repressed coleoptile GA perception similarly to Rht‐B1b and Rht‐D1b. Rht‐B‐Q420stop and Rht‐D‐W559stop did not affect coleoptile length. However, Rht‐B‐Q420stop reduced the ability of germinating seeds to perceive GA, but not as much as Rht‐A555stop, Rht‐B1b, or Rht‐D1b. We also tested whether the novel mutations affected the interaction between DELLA/GID1 in the presence and absence of GA. We found that Rht‐A‐Q555stop, Rht‐B‐Q420stop, and Rht‐D‐W559stop inhibited DELLA/GID1 interaction in the absence of GA, but the interaction was restored in the presence of GA. The identification of Rht‐A‐Q555stop, Rht‐B‐Q420stop, and Rht‐D‐W559stop increases the allelic diversity of Rht‐1. This study also indicates that the RHT carboxyl terminus is important for DELLA/GID1 interactions.
Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting using FeCl3‐Based Ionic Liquids as Homogeneous Photocatalysts
Authors: Elwan Hosni Ahmed , Morshedy Asmaa S. , El Naggar Ahmed M. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ionic liquid (IL) 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide/FeCl3 [OMIM]Br/FeCl3 was prepared with three molar ratios of [OMIM]Br/FeCl3 (0.5 : 1, 1 : 1, and 2 : 1), and fully characterized through 1H and 13C NMR, Fourier‐transform IR, and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The optical properties of the prepared [OMIM]Br/FeCl3 ILs were revealed via diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectra. The photocatalytic activity of [OMIM]Br/FeCl3 ILs as homogenous photocatalysts were investigated towards hydrogen generation from methanol/water mixtures under visible light irradiation. The FeCl3‐based IL with [OMIM]Br/FeCl3 molar ratio of 1 : 1 exhibited the highest visible light photocatalytic activity with a hydrogen productivity of 243.2 mmol h−1 g−1 and a hydrogen purity of 95.5 %; such a high hydrogen yield and purity was reported for the first time. It was proposed that [OMIM] Br acted as an electron acceptor, which delayed the electron‐hole pair recombination of FeCl3. Also, [OMIM] Br could capture the produced carbon dioxide that is released with hydrogen gas. Additionally, [OMIM] Br/FeCl3 could be reused six times with nearly the same photocatalytic activity. These outstanding credits in terms of hydrogen generation rate and purity plus the economic feasibility, through several cycles of reuse, could certify such an IL as a promising photocatalyst for employment in water splitting. This paper suggests ways forward for research to develop the use of ILs as efficient and effective photocatalysts for hydrogen generation via water splitting.
Hydrologic flushing rates drive nitrogen cycling and plant invasion in a freshwater coastal wetland model
Authors: Sharp Sean J. , Elgersma Kenneth J. , Martina Jason P. , Currie William S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoastal wetlands intercept significant amounts of nitrogen (N) from watersheds, especially when surrounding land cover is dominated by agriculture and urban development. Through plant uptake, soil immobilization, and denitrification, wetlands can remove excess N from flow‐through water sources and mitigate eutrophication of connected aquatic ecosystems. Excess N can also change plant community composition in wetlands, including communities threatened by invasive species. Understanding how variable hydrology and N loading impact wetland N removal and community composition can help attain desired management outcomes, including optimizing N removal and/or preventing invasion by nonnatives. By using a dynamic, process‐based ecosystem simulation model, we are able to simulate various levels of hydrology and N loading that would otherwise be difficult to manipulate. We investigate in silico the effects of hydroperiod, hydrologic residence time, N loading, and the : ratio on both N removal and the invasion success of two nonnative species (Typha × glauca or Phragmites australis) in temperate freshwater coastal wetlands. We found that, when residence time increased, annual N removal increased up to 10‐fold while longer hydroperiods also increased N removal, but only when residence time was >10 d and N loading was >30 g N·m−2·yr−1. N removal efficiency also increased with increasing residence time and hydroperiod, but was less affected by N loading. However, longer hydrologic residence time increased vulnerability of wetlands to invasion by both invasive plants at low to medium N loading rates where native communities are typically more resistant to invasion. This suggests a potential trade‐off between ecosystem services related to nitrogen removal and wetland invasibility. These results help elucidate complex interactions of community composition, N loading and hydrology on N removal, helping managers to prioritize N removal when N loading is high or controlling plant invasion in more vulnerable wetlands.
Evolutionary adaptation of high‐diversity communities to changing environments
Authors: Alekseeva Evgeniia , Doebeli Michael , Ispolatov Iaroslav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe use adaptive dynamics models to study how changes in the abiotic environment affect patterns of evolutionary dynamics and diversity in evolving communities of organisms with complex phenotypes. The models are based on the logistic competition model, and environmental changes are implemented as a temporal change of the carrying capacity as a function of phenotype. In general, we observe that environmental changes cause a reduction in the number of species, in total population size, and in phenotypic diversity. The rate of environmental change is crucial for determining whether a community survives or undergoes extinction. Until some critical rate of environmental changes, species are able to follow evolutionarily the shifting phenotypic optimum of the carrying capacity, and many communities adapt to the changing conditions and converge to new stationary states. When environmental changes stop, such communities gradually restore their initial phenotypic diversity.
Elevation of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T and left ventricular remodelling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kubo Toru , Ochi Yuri , Baba Yuichi , Sugiura Kenta , Takahashi Asa , Hirota Takayoshi , Yamanaka Shigeo , Yamasaki Naohito , Doi Yoshinori L. , Kitaoka Hiroaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is generally associated with mild disability and normal life expectancy. On the other hand, once the end‐stage phase of HCM characterized by left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction < 50% is established, patients with this subtype have a poor prognosis. This study clarifies the clinical parameters associated with progression to end‐stage HCM.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively studied 157 HCM patients (age 59.9 ± 14.2 years, 104 men) with preserved LV systolic function in whom subsequent echocardiographic data were obtained for a period of >1 year. HCM progressed to end‐stage HCM in 13 patients (8.3%) of the 157 patients during a mean follow‐up period of 6.3 ± 2.8 years. Compared with patients who did not reach end‐stage HCM at the last evaluation, patients with progression to the end‐stage phase had lower ejection fraction, larger LV size, more enlarged left atrial diameter, longer follow‐up period, and higher frequency of an elevated concentration of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT; >0.014 ng/mL) at registration. Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated hs‐cTnT was a significant predictor independent of lower LV ejection fraction for progression to end‐stage HCM. Furthermore, in patients with elevated hs‐cTnT levels, LV ejection fraction became significantly lower, LV end‐diastolic diameter increased, and LV wall thickness decreased during the follow‐up period, whereas those parameters did not change in the normal hs‐cTnT group.ConclusionsIn patients with HCM, an elevated hs‐cTnT was associated with progression of LV remodelling, and this biomarker can be useful for predicting progression to the end‐stage phase.
Bedside chest ultrasound to distinguish heart failure from pneumonia‐related dyspnoea in older COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Hacquin Arthur , Putot Sophie , Barben Jérémy , Chagué Frédéric , Zeller Marianne , Cottin Yves , Manckoundia Patrick , Putot Alain 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsIn the older population, acute heart failure is a frequent, life‐threatening complication of COVID‐19 that requires urgent specific care. We aimed to explore the impact of point‐of‐care chest ultrasound (CUS) use in older bedridden inpatients during the COVID‐19 pandemic as a tool to distinguish between cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and isolated viral pneumonia‐related dyspnoea.Methods and resultsThis prospective series included 16 patients aged 75 or older, hospitalized for acute dyspnoea in an acute geriatric unit of a university hospital and testing positive for a SARS‐Cov2 infection. We collected demographic characteristics, medical history, biological screening, clinical symptoms, CUS findings (n = 16) and chest CT‐scan conclusions (n = 14). Mean age was 89 years (77–97). All patients presented asthenia and dyspnoea, 56% complained of coughing and diarrhoea, and 50% had fever. Acute heart failure was clinically suspected in seven patients. At CUS, evidence of heart failure was confirmed in three patients (including one without clinical suspicion); interstitial syndrome was confirmed in 12 patients on CUS vs. 9 patients with CT.ConclusionsIn older patients with COVID‐19 and acute dyspnoea, the use of point‐of‐care CUS allowed the clinician to quickly rule out heart failure in nearly half of suspected cases while easily identifying virus‐related interstitial syndrome. The use of CUS appears to be suitable for the rapid bedside investigation of dyspnoea in older patients, particularly in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Optimized Scalable Synthesis of Chiral Iridium Pyridyl‐Phosphinite (Pyridophos) Catalysts
Authors: Müller Marc‐André , Ganić Adnan , Hörmann Esther , Kaiser Stefan , Maywald Matthias , Roseblade Stephen J. , Schrems Marcus G. , Schumacher Andreas , Woodmansee David , Pfaltz Andreas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIridium catalysts with chiral P,N ligands have greatly enhanced the scope of asymmetric olefin hydrogenation because they do not require a coordinating group near the C=C bond like Rh and Ru catalysts. Pyridophos ligands, possessing a conformationally restricted annulated pyridine framework linked to a phosphinite group, proved to be particularly effective, inducing high enantioselectivities in the hydrogenation of a remarkably broad range of substrates. Here we report the development of an efficient scalable synthesis for the two most versatile Ir‐pyridophos catalysts, derived from 2‐phenyl‐8‐hydroxy‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline or the analogue with a five‐membered carbocyclic ring, respectively, by modification and optimization of the original synthetic route. The optimized route renders both catalysts readily accessible in multi‐gram quantities in analytically pure form in overall yields of 26–37 %, starting from acetophenone and cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone, respectively. A major advantage of the new synthesis is the efficient and practical kinetic resolution of the late‐stage pyridyl alcohol intermediates with commercial immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B, giving access to both enantiomers of these catalysts as essentially enantiopure compounds. The catalysts are obtained as crystalline solids, which are air‐stable and can be stored for years at −20 °C without notable decomposition.