bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: SLC1A3 promotes gastric cancer progression via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway
Authors: Xu Liyi , Chen Jiamin , Jia Litao , Chen Xiao , Awaleh Moumin Faycal , Cai Jianting 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGastric cancer is a major cause of mortality worldwide. The glutamate/aspartate transporter SLC1A3 has been implicated in tumour metabolism and progression, but the roles of SLC1A3 in gastric cancer remain unclear. We used bioinformatics approaches to analyse the expression of SLC1A3 and its role in gastric cancer. The expression levels of SLC1A3 were examined using RT‐qPCR and Western bolting. SLC1A3 overexpressing and knock‐down cell lines were constructed, and the cell viability was evaluated. Glucose consumption, lactate excretion and ATP levels were determined. The roles of SLC1A3 in tumour growth were evaluated using a xenograft tumour growth model. SLC1A3 was found to be overexpressed in gastric cancer, and this overexpression was associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that SLC1A3 affected glucose metabolism and promoted gastric cancer growth. GSEA analysis suggested that SLC1A3 was positively associated with the up‐regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. SLC1A3 overexpression activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and up‐regulated GLUT1, HK II and LDHA expression. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 prevented SLC1A3‐induced glucose metabolism and cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that SLC1A3 promotes gastric cancer progression via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. SLC1A3 is therefore a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
TFE3‐PD‐L1 axis is pivotal for sunitinib resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Guo Xudong , Li Ruxia , Bai Qiulei , Jiang Shaobo , Wang Hanbo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe microphthalmia of bHLH‐LZ transcription factor (MiT/TFE) family chromosomal translocation or overexpression is linked with a poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) with elevated recurrence and drug resistance, but the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we investigated whether the resistance to sunitinib (Sun), the standard treatment for metastatic ccRCC, is due to up‐regulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) by the transcription factor E3 (TFE3). In this study, we propose that TFE3 but not TFEB is essential for tumour survival which was associated with the poorer survival of cancer patients. We also found a positive correlation between TFE3 and PD‐L1 expression in ccRCC cells and tissues. Sun treatment led to enhanced TFE3 nuclear translocation and PD‐L1 expression. Finally, we observed the therapeutic benefit of Sun plus PD‐L1 inhibition which enhanced CD8+ cytolytic activity and thus tumour suppression in a xenografted mouse model. These data revealed that TFE3 is a potent tumour promoting gene and it mediates resistance to Sun by induction of PD‐L1 in ccRCC. Our data provide a strong rationale to apply Sun and PD‐L1 inhibition jointly as a novel immunotherapeutic approach for ccRCC treatment.
Correlation between LncRNA‐LINC00659 and clinical prognosis in gastric cancer and study on its biological mechanism
Authors: Sheng Yongjia , Han Chenyang , Yang Yi , Wang Jin , Gu Yanling , Li Wenyan , Guo Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNon‐coding RNAs play important roles in tumorigenesis and tumour progression. In previous screening, lncRNA‐LINC00659 (LINC00659) is highly expressed in gastric cancer; however, its role in gastric cancer has not been illustrated yet. In this study, the expression of LINC00659 was detected in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues of patients with gastric cancer. As a result, LINC00659 expression was increased in gastric cancer tissues, which was closely associated with tumour stage and lymph node metastasis, but was not correlated with age, gender and tissue differentiation. Survival curve analysis showed that patients with low expression of LINC00659 harboured higher overall survival. In vitro, the level of LINC00659 was increased in gastric cancer cells. Afterwards, the expression of LINC00659 was down‐regulated in SGC‐7901 and BGC‐823 cells by plasmid‐mediated si‐LINC00659 transfection. Consequently, the cell invasion ability was weakened, the cell cycle was inhibited, and cell viability was also suppressed. Luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull‐down assay showed that LINC00659 could bind to the transcription factor SUZ12, indicating that SUZ12 was a regulatory gene of LINC00659. The overexpression of SUZ12 could resist the roles of si‐LINC00659. In this study, we found that LINC00659 was highly expressed in gastric cancer, which might be related to the regulation of cell proliferation and promotion of cell invasion. Transcription factor, SUZ12, was a regulator of LINC00659. Additionally, LINC00659 could regulate cell cycle and invasion of gastric cancer by promoting the expression of SUZ12.
Development and cathodic iontophoretic permeation evaluation of liquid crystalline systems provided of retinoic acid microparticles
Authors: Monteiro e Silva Silas Arandas , Ricci Leonardi Gislaine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe intracellular form of action of retinoids requires these agents to reach deeper layers of the skin with viable cells to ensure therapeutic efficiency. However, studies on swine skin models show that some retinoids have low skin permeability. Thus, the association of innovative formulations with technological strategies involving physical permeation promoters can be employed to increase the permeability of this active, ensuring a targeting effect of the active.AimsIn this study, it was proposed the development and evaluation of the release and permeation profile of liquid crystalline systems with retinoic acid polymeric microparticles under passive or iontophoretic diffusional conditions.MethodsFor this study, release, permeation, and diffusional characterization assays were employed using the Franz diffusion cell model, associating or not the cathodic iontophoresis.ResultsRetinoic acid was considered stable in front of the electric current of 0.5mA/cm2, because it did not show significant degradation (with maintenance from 96.03% to 98.57%), indicating the viability of such agents to be applied with iontophoresis. Controlled release profile was evidenced for microencapsulated systems. Comparatively, formulations F1, F3, and F5 presented a significantly higher RA release profile when compared to formulations with retinoic acid microencapsulated. A significant increase was observed in the absolute amount of RA retained in the skin with cathodic iontophoresis in all proposed formulations (P < .01). The increase was up to two times in relation to the passive condition.ConclusionsThe combination of iontophoresis technique with application of retinoic acid and microencapsulated retinoic acid allows the penetration of the active ingredient to deeper layers of the skin.
Structural equation modeling to detect predictors of breast self‐examination behavior: Implications for intervention planning
Authors: Ju Nianting , Liao Shengkai , Zheng Suge , Hua Tiantian , Zhang Shunhua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimBreast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor among Chinese women. Breast self‐examination (BSE) is a simple, effective method for early detection of screening and it is essential for the prevention and control of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to create a hypothetical model to determine the factors influencing women's BSE behavior in Eastern China.MethodsA survey was conducted using an online questionnaire and targeting 1200 women aged 18–70 years in Eastern China. Collected data were analyzed using ibm spss 25.0 and amos 24.0 software.ResultsThe final model showed a desirable fitness to sample data. A direct positive relationship exists between knowledge on risk factors and BSE. A direct positive association was found between positive attitudes and BSE, while negative attitudes have a direct negative impact on BSE. Objective factors not only had a significant direct impact on BSE, but also directly affected the positive attitudes. Positive attitudes play an intermediary role between objective factors and BSE.ConclusionKnowledge on risk factors about breast cancer, attitudes toward BSE and objective factors are new predictors which may influence BSE by using the structural equation modeling method.
Estimating the prevalence of untreated caries in permanent teeth from the DMF index and lifetime caries prevalence
Authors: Madera Meisser , Bernabé Eduardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo derive formulas to estimate the prevalence of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth based on the DMF index and lifetime caries prevalence.MethodsData from participants, aged 5 years or older, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016 were analyzed. Dental caries was assessed at surface level with the Radike criteria, which matches the case definition of the Global Burden of Disease study. Participants' data were aggregated into 438 groups, based on survey strata and 5‐year age brackets, to produce population estimates for the prevalence of untreated caries (DT > 0), DMFT, DMFS, DT, DS, and lifetime caries prevalence (DMFT>0). Conversion formulas were derived using fractional polynomials to characterize the association of each caries indicator with the prevalence of untreated caries.ResultsThe mean prevalence of untreated caries was 23.5 percent (SD: 12.9 percent, range: 1.0–72.3 percent). After adjustment for age, the prevalence of untreated caries was correlated with DMFT (r = 0.23), DMFS (r = 0.25), DT (r = 0.74), DS (r = 0.65) and lifetime caries prevalence (r = 0.18). Using fractional polynomial models adjusted for categorical age, the prevalence of untreated caries at population level could be estimated from DMFT with power 1 (linear form), DMFS with power 0.5, DT with power 0.5, DS with powers (0.5; 1) and lifetime caries prevalence with power 1.ConclusionThe prevalence of untreated caries in permanent teeth can be estimated from the DMF index and lifetime caries prevalence. These conversion formulas can facilitate the inclusion of more studies in estimation of the global burden of untreated caries in permanent teeth.
The financing need for expanding paid maternity leave to support breastfeeding in the informal sector in the Philippines
Authors: Ulep Valerie Gilbert , Zambrano Paul , Datu‐Sanguyo Janice , Vilar‐Compte Mireya , Belismelis Graciela Ma Teruel , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Carroll Grace J. , Mathisen Roger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn low‐ and middle‐income countries, almost three‐fourths of women in the labour force lack maternity protection. In the Philippines, current laws do not guarantee paid maternity leave to workers in the informal economy. A non‐contributory maternity cash transfer to informal sector workers could be used to promote social equity and economic productivity and could provide health benefits by helping mothers meet their breastfeeding goals. The objective of the study is to provide a realistic cost estimate and to assess the financial feasibility of implementing a publicly financed, non‐contributory maternity cash transfer programme to the informal sector in the Philippines. Using a costing framework developed in Mexico, the study estimated the annual cost of a maternity cash transfer programme. The methodology estimated the unit cost of the programme, the incremental coverage of maternity leave and expected number of enrollees. Different unit and incremental costs assumptions were used to provide a range of scenarios. Administrative costs for running the programme were included in the analysis. The annual financing need of implementing maternity cash transfer programme in the Philippines ranges from a minimum scenario of USD42 million (14‐week maternity cash transfer) to a more ideal scenario of USD309 million (26‐week maternity cash transfer). The latter is financially feasible as it is equivalent to less than 0.1% of the country's gross domestic product substantially lower than the share cost of not breastfeeding (0.7%). The annual cost of the programme is only 10% of the total cost of the largest conditional cash transfer programme.
Practical approach for the diagnosis of disorders associated with antibodies against neuronal surface proteins
Authors: Hara Makoto , Nakajima Hideto , Kamei Satoshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the discovery of a series of antineuronal surface antibodies (NSAs), diagnostic approach to antibody‐mediated encephalitis, and other disorders has undergone a “paradigm shift.” Currently, over ten specific NSAs, whose antigens include synaptic proteins (eg, anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor) and proteins expressed on the neuronal surface (eg, dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐like protein 6), have been reported. Noble diagnostic implementations that preserve the conformation of the target epitope for NSA detection were developed to optimize the tests' sensitivity and specificity. NSAs can be detected through the following three techniques: tissue‐based assay (TBA) with rodent brain sections, cell‐based assay (CBA), and assays for rodent primary cultured neurons. TBA is a robust screening test that can identify most of the NSAs but cannot confirm specific antibodies. Meanwhile, CBA can confirm the specific antigen of NSAs, thereby suitable for the screening of positive patients. Assays with cultured neurons are also available not only for antibody screening but also for immunoprecipitation to identify an unknown antibody and analyze the antibody effects. Examining the distinctive syndrome caused by NSAs facilitates proper and rapid autoantibody detection, and combining different assays using cerebrospinal fluid minimizes misinterpretation of the tests. The up‐to‐date diagnostic algorithm for NSA‐associated autoimmunity recommends that the diagnostic process of autoantibodies involves screening by TBA/cultured neurons and confirmation by CBA sequentially. Intensive immunosuppressive therapies can be considered when the results of screening assays or confirming tests for NSAs are positive.
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Unsuspected Tuberculosis of the Joint: A Report of Four Cases and a Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Wang Du , Sun Xiao‐tang , Zhang Chao‐fan , Fang Xin‐yu , Huang Zi‐da , Zheng Qing‐cong , Zhang Wen‐ming 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo provide a case series and systematic review that explores the clinical manifestations, treatments, and methods for defining tuberculosis diagnoses in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsFour patients (three women, one man; average age, 59.5 ± 8.89 years; range, 48–69 years) underwent TKA and were subsequently treated for previously unsuspected knee tuberculosis between January 2013 and December 2019. We also reviewed published cases of tuberculous periprosthetic joint infections (TBPJIs) following TKA through databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. We reviewed studies that were published between January 1980 and December 2019.ResultsIn our four cases, the preoperative diagnoses were osteoarthritis (n = 2), rheumatoid arthritis (one case), and Charcot's arthropathy (one case). The main clinical manifestations were knee swelling and pain, without fever, weakness, or weight loss. Comorbidities included multiple joints with rheumatoid arthritis or Charcot's arthropathy, diabetes mellitus, and uremia. One patient had a history of lumbar tuberculosis treated with debridement and intervertebral fusion. Preoperative elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs) were detected in all cases, and elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were observed in three cases. The tuberculosis diagnoses were confirmed via histopathologic analysis (three cases) and second‐generation sequencing (one case). Three patients received antituberculosis therapy for 1 year, without surgical intervention. Two‐stage exchange arthroplasty was performed in one patient because of prosthesis loosening. Within an average follow‐up period of 24.75 months, tuberculosis reactivation was not observed and overall functional improvement was demonstrated. Forty‐four TBPJI cases were reported in the literature between January 1980 and December 2019. Most (59.09%) occurred within the first year after the index arthroplasty, and the diagnoses were confirmed by culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 88.64% of cases. Favorable outcomes were achieved in 90.91% of the patients who did not undergo surgery, 71.43% of those treated with debridement, 93.33% undergoing revision arthroplasty, and in 90.91% of those undergoing resection and arthrodesis.ConclusionsClinical manifestations of knee tuberculosis and TBPJI are atypical. Thus, attention should be paid to finding the causes of increased ESRs and CRP levels, particularly in patients with weakened immune functioning, before performing TKA. Pathological examination is an effective method for diagnosing tuberculosis, although sending multiple specimens for pathological examination is necessary.
Improving Health Risk Assessment as a Basis for Public Health Decisions in the 21st Century
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth L. , Omenn Gilbert S. , Turnham Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne‐fifth of the way through the 21st century, a commonality of factors with those of the last 50 years may offer the opportunity to address unfinished business and current challenges. The recommendations include: (1) Resisting the tendency to oversimplify scientific assessments by reliance on single disciplines in lieu of clear weight‐of‐evidence expressions, and on single quantitative point estimates of health protective values for policy decisions; (2) Improving the separation of science and judgment in risk assessment through the use of clear expressions of the range of judgments that bracket protective quantitative levels for public health protection; (3) Use of comparative risk to achieve the greatest gains in health and the environment; and (4) Where applicable, reversal of the risk assessment and risk management steps to facilitate timely and substantive improvements in public health and the environment. Lessons learned and improvements in the risk assessment process are applied to the unprecedented challenges of the 21st century such as, pandemics and climate change. The beneficial application of the risk assessment and risk management paradigm to ensure timely research with consistency and transparency of assessments is presented. Institutions with mandated stability and leadership roles at the national and international levels are essential to ensure timely interdisciplinary scientific assessment at the interface with public policy as a basis for organized policy decisions, to meet time sensitive goals, and to inform the public.
Bias approximations for likelihood‐based estimators
Authors: Weng Ruby Chiu‐Hsing , Coad D. Stephen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBias approximation has played an important rôle in statistical inference, and numerous bias calculation techniques have been proposed under different contexts. We provide a unified approach to approximating the bias of the maximum likelihood estimator and the l2 penalized likelihood estimator for both linear and nonlinear models, where the design variables are allowed to be random and the sample size can be a stopping time. The proposed method is based on the Woodroofe–Stein identity and is justified by very weak approximations. The accuracy of the derived bias formulas is assessed by simulation for several examples. The bias of the ridge estimator in high‐dimensional settings is also discussed.
Editors' Review and Introduction: Models of Rational Proof in Criminal Law
Authors: Prakken Henry , Bex Floris , Mackor Anne Ruth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDecisions concerning proof of facts in criminal law must be rational because of what is at stake, but the decision‐making process must also be cognitively feasible because of cognitive limitations, and it must obey the relevant legal–procedural constraints. In this topic three approaches to rational reasoning about evidence in criminal law are compared in light of these demands: arguments, probabilities, and scenarios. This is done in six case studies in which different authors analyze a manslaughter case from different theoretical perspectives, plus four commentaries on these case studies. The aim of this topic is to obtain more insight into how the different approaches can be applied in a legal context. This will advance the discussion on rational reasoning about evidence in law and will contribute more widely to cognitive science on a number of topics, including the value of probabilistic accounts of cognition and the problem of dealing with cognitive biases in reasoning under uncertainty in practical contexts.
Signaling mechanisms in abscisic acid‐mediated stomatal closure
Authors: Hsu Po‐Kai , Dubeaux Guillaume , Takahashi Yohei , Schroeder Julian I. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in the regulation of stomatal movements under water‐deficit conditions. The identification of ABA receptors and the ABA signaling core consisting of PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, PP2C protein phosphatases and SnRK2 protein kinases has led to studies that have greatly advanced our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms mediating ABA‐induced stomatal closure in the past decade. This review focuses on recent progress in illuminating the regulatory mechanisms of ABA signal transduction, and the physiological importance of basal ABA signaling in stomatal regulation by CO2 and, as hypothesized here, vapor‐pressure deficit. Furthermore, advances in understanding the interactions of ABA and other stomatal signaling pathways are reviewed here. We also review recent studies investigating the use of ABA signaling mechanisms for the manipulation of stomatal conductance and the enhancement of drought tolerance and water‐use efficiency of plants.
Transfusion support in COVID‐19 patients: Impact on hospital blood component supply during the outbreak
Authors: Velázquez‐Kennedy Kyra , Luna Alejandro , Sánchez‐Tornero Adrián , Jiménez‐Chillón Carlos , Jiménez‐Martín Ana , Vallés Carboneras Ana , Tenorio María , García García Irene , López‐Jiménez Francisco Javier , Moreno‐Jiménez Gemma 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 outbreak, most hospitals deferred elective surgical procedures to allow space for the overwhelming number of COVID‐19 patient admissions, expecting a decrease in routine blood component requirements. However, because transfusion support needs of COVID‐19 patients are not well known, its impact on hospital blood supply is uncertain. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on transfusion demand.Study Design and MethodsTransfusion records during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic (March 1‐April 30, 2020) were reviewed in our center to assess changes in blood requirements.ResultsDuring this period 636 patients received a total of 2934 blood components, which reflects a 17.6% reduction in transfusion requirements with regard to the same period of 2019, and blood donations in Madrid dropped by 45%. The surgical blood demand decreased significantly during the outbreak (50.2%). Blood usage in the hematology and oncology departments remained unchanged, while the day ward demand halved, and intensive care unit transfusion needs increased by 116%. A total of 6.2% of all COVID inpatients required transfusion support. COVID‐19 inpatients consumed 19% of all blood components, which counterbalanced the savings owed to the reduction in elective procedures.ConclusionAlthough only a minority of COVID‐19 inpatients required transfusion, the expected reduction in transfusion needs caused by the lack of elective surgical procedures is partially offset by the large number of admitted patients during the peak of the pandemic. This fact must be taken into account when planning hospital blood supply.