bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time Course of Hemostatic Disruptions After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Fletcher-Sandersjöö Alexander , Thelin Eric Peter , Maegele Marc , Svensson Mikael , Bellander Bo-Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlmost two-thirds of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) develop some form of hemostatic disturbance, which contributes to poor outcome. While the initial head injury often leads to impaired clot formation, TBI is also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. Most likely there is a progression from early bleeding to a later prothrombotic state. In this paper, we systematically review the literature on the time course of hemostatic disruptions following TBI. A MEDLINE search was performed for TBI studies reporting the trajectory of hemostatic assays over time. The search yielded 5,049 articles, of which 4,910 were excluded following duplicate removal as well as title and abstract review. Full-text assessment of the remaining articles yielded 33 studies that were included in the final review. We found that the first hours after TBI are characterized by coagulation cascade dysfunction and hyperfibrinolysis, both of which likely contribute to lesion progression. This is then followed by platelet dysfunction and decreased platelet count, the clinical implication of which remains unclear. Later, a poorly defined prothrombotic state emerges, partly due to fibrinolysis shutdown and hyperactive platelets. In the clinical setting, early administration of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid has proved effective in reducing head-injury-related mortality in a subgroup of TBI patients. Further studies evaluating the time course of hemostatic disruptions after TBI are warranted in order to identify windows of opportunity for potential treatment options.
Die inklusive Schule
Authors: Rohrmann Albrecht , Weinbach Hanna 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungZur Umsetzung von Inklusion in der Schule werden zunehmend Schulbegleitungen eingesetzt. Es handelt sich um eine Einzelfallhilfe im Rahmen der Eingliederungshilfe nach dem SGB VIII oder IX. Ihre Position und ihre Aufgaben im Schulgeschehen sind weitgehend ungeklärt. In dem Beitrag wird zur Diskussion gestellt, wie durch Neuregelungen der Grundlagen des Einsatzes von Schulbegleitungen und der Kooperation mit anderen Akteuren ein Beitrag zur Entwicklung inklusiver Bildungsangebote geleistet werden kann.
Recurrence equation and integral representation of Apéry sums
Authors: Uhl Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVarious methods are used to investigate sums involving a reciprocal central binomial coefficient and a power term. In the first part, new functions are introduced for calculation of sums with a negative exponent in the power term. A recurrence equation for the functions provides an integral representation of the sums using polylogarithm functions. Thus polylogarithms and, in particular, zeta values can be expressed via these functions, too. In the second part, a straightforward recurrence formula is derived for sums having a positive exponent in the power term. Finally, two interesting cases of double sums are presented.
Barriers and facilitators of child and guardian attendance in task-shifted mental health services in schools in western Kenya
Authors: Meza Rosemary D. , Kiche Sharon , Soi Caroline , Khairuzzaman Alya N. , Nales Cristian J. Rivera , Whetten Kathryn , Wasonga Augustine I. , Amanya Cyrilla , Dorsey Shannon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Globally, nearly 140 million children have experienced the death of one or both parents, and as a result many experience higher rates of mental health problems. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) delivered by lay counselors has been shown to improve mental health outcomes for children experiencing traumatic grief due to parental loss; however, challenges with treatment attendance limit the public health impact of mental health services. This study used qualitative methods to assess barriers and facilitators of child and guardian attendance of school-based lay counselor delivered TF-CBT.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 lay counselors (18 teachers; 18 community health volunteers) who delivered TF-CBT to explore their perceptions of barriers of facilitators of child and guardian attendance of group-based sessions delivered in schools.

Results
Counselors identified attendance barriers and facilitators related to the delivery setting, resources, participant characteristics, intervention characteristics and counselor behaviors. The findings revealed a greater number of facilitators than barriers. Common facilitators included participant and counselor resources, counselor commitment behaviors and communication efforts to encourage attendance. Barriers were less frequently endorsed, with participant resources, child or guardian illness and communication challenges most commonly mentioned.

Conclusions
Attention to barriers and facilitators of attendance in the context in which mental health interventions are delivered allows for identification of ways to improve attendance and treatment engagement and achieve the potential promise of providing accessible mental health services.
Associations between feeding practices in infancy and fruit and vegetable consumption in childhood
Authors: Moss Katrina M. , Dobson Annette J. , Tooth Leigh , Mishra Gita D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA diet rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. However, in many countries, the majority of children do not eat the recommended quantities of fruits and vegetables. The present study aimed to understand associations between feeding practices in infancy (breast-feeding and first complementary food) and fruit and vegetable consumption in childhood (frequency and variety). Data were from the national, observational, cross-sectional Mothers and their Children’s Health study conducted in 2016/2017, a sub-study of the national Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Mothers completed a written survey on feeding practices in infancy (breast-feeding duration, use of formula, first complementary food) and children’s fruit and vegetable frequency (number of times eaten) and variety (number of different types eaten) in the past 24 h, using the Children’s Dietary Questionnaire. Children (n 4981, mean 7·36 (sd 2·90) years) ate vegetables 2·10 (sd 1·11) times and fruits 2·35 (sd 1·14) times and ate 3·21 (sd 1·35) different vegetables and 2·40 (sd 1·18) different fruits, on average. Compared with breast-feeding for <6 months, breast-feeding for ≥6 months was associated with higher vegetable variety. Compared with cereal as the first complementary food, fruits or vegetables were associated with higher vegetable frequency and variety, and higher fruit frequency. Overall, infancy is a window of opportunity for dietary intervention. Guidance to parents should encourage the use of fruits and vegetables at the beginning of complementary feeding.
Liberty Time in Question: Historical Duration and Indigenous Refusal in Post-Revolutionary Bolivia
Authors: Winchell Mareike 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article examines revolutionary discourses of national historical transformation in Bolivia and tracks the ways those discourses are appropriated, contested, and recast by farmers in the rural agricultural province of Ayopaya. During fieldwork carried out with Quechua-speaking farmers in Ayopaya between 2011 and 2012, I learned about people's enduring concerns with a recent hacienda past. Against governmental declarations that Bolivia's colonial past was dead or had passed, farmers meditated on the duration of earlier histories of colonial land dispossession and violations of indigenous sovereignty. Talk about the region's oppressive history here allowed people to assess deficient state aid and resources but also to oppose unwelcome state interventions pushing a legal model of bounded collectivity. I trace the ways that farmers and villagers mobilized the hacienda past to address inequitable land tenure, violated sovereignty, and women's marginalization from political life, and thereby raise new questions about the critical possibilities opened up by the re-politicization of this colonial history. Rural support for Bolivia's Movement Toward Socialism party government eroded nearly a decade ago, and this complicates both triumphalist and defeatist accounts of President Evo Morales’ 2019 resignation, which tend to paint Morales’ rural indigenous supporters as innocent and naïve.
Between Ordinary and Extraordinary: A Deweyan Approach to Ordinary, Aesthetic, and Cultic Experience
Authors: Dahl Espen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe relation between the everyday and the religious cult has traditionally been regarded as one of opposition, like the profane and the sacred. Since such a conception comes with a high price—rendering the cult esoteric and the everyday bereft of religious significance—this article proposes a more complex dynamic between the two. Drawing on Dewey’s idea of aesthetic experience as an intensification of ordinary experience, the article argues that a similar structure should be applied to the cult, or, more specifically, cultic play. In cultic play, there is admittedly discontinuity from ordinary life, owing to play’s distinct settings and rules. Nevertheless, such discontinuity reveals a deeper continuity, in which ordinary experience becomes present in new, sacred ways. In a dialectical manner, cultic play draws on ordinary experience, discloses and intensifies it through the context of play, and thus points forward to possibilities for inhabiting the everyday in richer ways.
Fiscal Deficits, Bank Credit Risk, and Loan-Loss Provisions
Authors: Silva Felipe Bastos Gurgel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFiscal deficits represent an important variable for banks’ aggregate credit risk, revealing governments’ ability to curb banks’ losses in bad states, either with direct cash infusions or with macroeconomic stabilization policies. Deteriorating deficits are associated with increasing financial distress of the banking sector and higher levels of loan-loss provisions. The effect is more pronounced for banks with a strong aversion to underprovisioning and is robust to a battery of tests and to the identification of fiscal shocks using military-spending data. This association represents an additional source of negative comovement between provisions and economic conditions, with implications for financial stability.
Governance Changes through Shareholder Initiatives: The Case of Proxy Access
Authors: Bhandari Tara , Iliev Peter , Kalodimos Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe study a regulatory change that led to over 300 shareholder proposals to instate proxy access and more than 250 firms adopting proxy access from 2012 to 2016. The firms expected to benefit most from proxy access have the most positive market reaction to receiving a proposal, but adoptions are not concentrated at these firms. We find that proposing and voting shareholders do not discriminate between firms that would or would not benefit and that management resists proxy access at the firms that stand to benefit most. This process results in the concentration of adoptions at large, already-well-governed firms.
Effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of wearable cardioverter-defibrillators in the treatment of sudden cardiac arrest – Results from a health technology assessment
Authors: Aidelsburger Pamela , Seyed-Ghaemi Janine , Guinin Christian , Fach Andreas 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness, efficacy, and safety of a wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD) in adult persons with high risk for sudden cardiac arrest and for which an implantable cardioverter is currently not applicable.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CRD-databases. Study selection was performed by two reviewers independently. Data were presented quantitatively; due to heterogeneity of studies no meta-analysis was performed.ResultsOne randomized-controlled trial (RCT), one non-randomized comparative trial, and forty-four non-comparative trials were included. The RCT reported an overall mortality of 3.1 percent in the WCD group versus 4.9 percent in controls (relative risk [RR]: .64; 95 percent confidence interval [CI], .43–.98, p = .04), but no significant effect on arrhythmia-related mortality. The RR for arrhythmia-related mortality amounted to .67 (95 percent CI, .37–1.21, p = .18) as assessed in the RCT. Appropriate shocks were observed in 1.3 percent of patients in both comparative studies, and inappropriate shocks in .6 percent of patients in the RCT. Termination of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) was successful in 75 to 100 percent of appropriate shocks in all studies. Adverse events assessed in the RCT showed a lower incidence of shortness of breath (38.8 percent vs. 45.3 percent; p = .004), higher incidence of rash at any location (15.3 percent vs. 7.1 percent; p < .001), and higher incidence of itching at any location (17.2 percent vs. 6.4 percent; p < .001) for WCD.ConclusionsAvailable evidence demonstrates that the WCD detects and terminates VT/VF events reliably and shows a high rate of appropriate shocks in mixed patient populations. Data of large registries confirm that the WCD is a safe intervention.
Developing, Analyzing and Sharing Multivariate Datasets: Individual Differences in L2 Learning Revisited
Authors: Saito Kazuya , Macmillan Konstantinos , Mai Tran , Suzukida Yui , Sun Hui , Magne Viktoria , Ilkan Meltem , Murakami Akira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFollowing the trends established in psychology and emerging in L2 research, we explain our support for an Open Science approach in this paper (i.e., developing, analyzing and sharing datasets) as a way to answer controversial and complex questions in applied linguistics. We illustrate this with a focus on a frequently debated question, what underlies individual differences in the dynamic system of post-pubertal L2 speech learning? We provide a detailed description of our dataset which consists of spontaneous speech samples, elicited from 110 late L2 speakers in the UK with diverse linguistic, experiential and sociopsychological backgrounds, rated by ten L1 English listeners for comprehensibility and nativelikeness. We explain how we examined the source of individual differences by linking different levels of L2 speech performance to a range of learner-extrinsic and intrinsic variables related to first language backgrounds, age, experience, motivation, awareness, and attitudes using a series of factor and Bayesian mixed-effects ordinal regression analyses. We conclude with a range of suggestions for the fields of applied linguistics and SLA, including the use of Bayesian methods in analyzing multivariate, multifactorial data of this kind, and advocating for publicly available datasets. In keeping with recommendations for increasing openness of the field, we invite readers to rethink and redo our analyses and interpretations from multiple angles by making our dataset and coding publicly available as part of our 40th anniversary ARAL article.
Outliers in L2 Research in Applied Linguistics: A Synthesis and Data Re-Analysis
Authors: Nicklin Christopher , Plonsky Luke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractData from self-paced reading (SPR) tasks are routinely checked for statistical outliers (Marsden, Thompson, & Plonsky, 2018). Such data points can be handled in a variety of ways (e.g., trimming, data transformation), each of which may influence study results in a different manner. This two-phase study sought, first, to systematically review outlier handling techniques found in studies that involve SPR and, second, to re-analyze raw data from SPR tasks to understand the impact of those techniques. Toward these ends, in Phase I, a sample of 104 studies that employed SPR tasks was collected and coded for different outlier treatments. As found in Marsden et al. (2018), wide variability was observed across the sample in terms of selection of time and standard deviation (SD)-based boundaries for determining what constitutes a legitimate reading time (RT). In Phase II, the raw data from the SPR studies in Phase I were requested from the authors. Nineteen usable datasets were obtained and re-analyzed using data transformations, SD boundaries, trimming, and winsorizing, in order to test their relative effectiveness for normalizing SPR reaction time data. The results suggested that, in the vast majority of cases, logarithmic transformation circumvented the need for SD boundaries, which blindly eliminate or alter potentially legitimate data. The results also indicated that choice of SD boundary had little influence on the data and revealed no meaningful difference between trimming and winsorizing, implying that blindly removing data from SPR analyses might be unnecessary. Suggestions are provided for future research involving SPR data and the handling of outliers in second language (L2) research more generally.
The Initial Prehospital Management of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Rosenberg Ashley , Mukeshimana Leoncie , Uwamahoro Alphosine , Dworkin Myles , Nsengimana Vizir , Kankindi Eugenie , Niyonsaba Mediatrice , Uwitonze Jean Marie , Kabagema Ignace , Dushime Theophile , Jayaraman Sudha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are an important cause of mortality and disability around the world. Early intervention and stabilization are necessary to obtain optimal outcomes, yet little is written on the topic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim is to provide a descriptive analysis of patients with TBI treated by Service d’Aide Medicale Urgente (SAMU), the prehospital ambulance service in Kigali, Rwanda.Hypothesis/Problem:What is the incidence and nature of TBI seen on the ambulance in Kigali, Rwanda?Methods:A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed using SAMU records captured on an electronic database from December 2012 through May 2016. Variables included demographic information, injury characteristics, and interventional data.Results:Patients with TBIs accounted for 18.0% (n = 2,012) of all SAMU cases. The incidence of TBIs in Kigali was 234 crashes per 100,000 people. The mean age was 30.5 (SD = 11.5) years and 81.5% (n = 1,615) were men. The most common mechanisms were road traffic incidents (RTIs; 78.5%, n = 1,535), assault (10.7%, n=216), and falls (7.8%, n=156). Most patients experienced mild TBI (Glasgow Coma Score [GCS] ≥ 13; 83.5%, n = 1,625). The most common interventions were provision of pain medications (71.0%, n = 1,429), placement of a cervical collar (53.6%, n = 1,079), and administration of intravenous fluids (48.7%, n = 979). In total, TBIs were involved in 67.0% of all mortalities seen by SAMU.Conclusion:Currently, TBIs represent a large burden of disease managed in the prehospital setting of Kigali, Rwanda. These injuries are most often caused by RTIs and were observed in 67% of mortalities seen by SAMU. Rwanda has implemented several initiatives to reduce the incidence of TBIs with a specific emphasis on road safety. Further efforts are needed to better prevent these injuries. Countries seeking to develop prehospital care capacity should train providers to manage patients with TBIs.
Penta‐notched UWB Monopole Antenna Using EBG Structures and Fork‐Shaped Slots
Authors: Modak Sumon , Khan Taimoor , Laskar Rabul Hussain 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an ultra‐wideband (UWB) monopole antenna with penta‐notched rejection characteristics is proposed. The first three rejected bands, 2.6 GHz (LTE band), 4.0 GHz (C‐band satellite downlink), and 8.0 GHz (X‐band satellite uplink), are obtained using two fork‐shaped slots embedded on the radiating patch, respectively. However, additional two notched frequencies for 5.5 GHz (WLAN band) and 6.5 GHz (C‐band IEEE INSAT) applications are achieved by spiral line electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. The designed antenna is fabricated over FR4 substrate and has a compact size of 31.3 × 34.9 × 1.6 mm3 and is covering the impedance bandwidth of 2.9–10.5 GHz. Moreover, the suggested antenna has efficient notch controlling capabilities, and its performance characteristics are evaluated and analyzed in terms of rejecting frequencies, surface current distributions, radiation patterns, etc.
Using Unsupervised Machine Learning to Characterize Capillary Flow and Residual Trapping
Authors: Ni Hailun , Benson Sally M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent research has highlighted the impact mesoscale heterogeneity can have on larger‐scale multiphase fluid flow properties. However, currently, there is no consensus on how to quickly and reliably analyze coreflooding experimental data to gain insights into mesoscale capillary‐dominated flow behaviors and how rock petrophysical properties affect such behaviors. In this study, we combine a machine learning‐based clustering method with physics‐based hypothesis testing to analyze multistage steady‐state coreflooding experimental data. By examining five different sets of coreflooding data, we have found that under capillary‐dominated flow regimes, voxel‐level CO2 saturation fields are much more heterogeneous as capillary equilibrium is approached. CO2 saturation time series behaviors are distinctively different between high and low permeability voxels. However, the effect of mesoscale permeability greatly diminishes under viscous‐dominated flow regimes. By computing the maximum and optimal number of clusters on the CO2 saturation time series data, we are able to differentiate between these two flow regimes. Through this analysis method, it is now also possible to identify regions within a sandstone core with capillary heterogeneity trapping behaviors. It is confirmed that capillary heterogeneity trapping indeed occurs upstream of capillary barriers. Furthermore, we have discovered a new type of capillary heterogeneity trapping—one that occurs within the capillary barrier itself, which can cause parts of the core to achieve residual CO2 saturations much higher than expected based on existing models of residual gas trapping.
AFF4 regulates osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle cells
Authors: Xiao Qingyue , Zhang Yuning , Qi Xingying , Chen Yaqian , Sheng Rui , Xu Ruoshi , Yuan Quan , Zhou Chenchen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs a member of the AFF (AF4/FMR2) family, AFF4 is a transcription elongation factor that is a component of the super elongation complex. AFF4 serves as a scaffolding protein that connects transcription factors and promotes gene transcription through elongation and chromatin remodelling. Here, we investigated the effect of AFF4 on human dental follicle cells (DFCs) in osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we found that small interfering RNA-mediated depletion ofAFF4resulted in decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and impaired mineralization. In addition, the expression of osteogenic-related genes (DLX5,SP7,RUNX2andBGLAP) was significantly downregulated. In contrast, lentivirus-mediated overexpression ofAFF4significantly enhanced the osteogenic potential of human DFCs. Mechanistically, we found that both the mRNA and protein levels of ALKBH1, a critical regulator of epigenetics, changed in accordance with AFF4 expression levels. Overexpression ofALKBH1inAFF4-depleted DFCs partially rescued the impairment of osteogenic differentiation. Our data indicated that AFF4 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs by upregulating the transcription ofALKBH1.