bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A robust two-dimensional model for highly sediment-laden unsteady flows of variable density over movable beds
Authors: Martínez-Aranda S. , Murillo J. , García-Navarro P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, a novel 2D depth-integrated numerical model for highly sediment-laden shallow flows over non-uniform erodible beds is presented, including variable density and exchange between the bed layer and the water–sediment mixture flow. The system of equations is formed by the 2D conservation equations for the mass and momentum of the mixture, the mass conservation equation for the different sediment size-classes transported in the flow and the bed evolution equation. The depth-averaged mixture density varies according to the volumetric concentration of the different sediment size-classes that can be incorporated from the bed to the flow and transported as suspended materials. The rheological behaviour of the flow is directly controlled by the properties of the mixture. A new x-split augmented Roe (xA-Roe) scheme is derived to solve the coupled flow and suspended solid-phase equations in both structured and unstructured meshes. The numerical scheme is defined to properly include density variations and momentum source terms, retaining a well-balanced flux formulation in steady states and the correct treatment of the wet–dry fronts. The numerical scheme is assessed with steady and transient cases involving highly sediment-laden flows, demonstrating its accuracy, stability and robustness in the presence of complex bed topography, wetting–drying fronts and rapid morphological changes.
Effect on water quality and control of chemically enhanced backwash by-products (CEBBPs) in the adsorption-ultrafiltration process
Authors: Zhang Yue , Sun Yongli , Huang Peng , Zhang Xinbo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The overall purpose of this research was to investigate the typical types of chemically enhanced backwash by-products (CEBBPs) produced in the chemically enhanced backwash (CEB) process and the influence of variability of CEB factors on typical CEBBPs in the adsorption-ultrafiltration process. Moreover, health risk assessment was utilized to assess the potential adverse health effects from exposure to effluent after the optimal online CEB. The results of the study found the NaClO backwash reagent could react with organic matter to produce CEBBPs, including 9 kinds of volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOCs) and 9 kinds of haloacetic acids (HAAs) during the CEB process. After a comprehensive consideration of the influence of a single factor on the CEBBPs formation and membrane cleaning effect, the optimal CEB parameters were 6 min of BD, 120 min of BI, 30 L/(m2·h) of BF and 50 mg/L of RC. Under the optimum CEB cleaning parameters, the effluent does not pose a non-carcinogenic risk and posed potential carcinogenic risk to local residents. The lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) value for HAAs (6.68E-06) is very close to the LCR value of CEBBPs (6.78E-06), indicating that the HAAs are the main substances in the effluent after CEB.
NMR Spectroscopy in the Conformational Analysis of Peptides: An Overview
Authors: Vincenzi Marian , Mercurio Flavia Anna , Leone Marilisa 
Published: July 2020

Background:
NMR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools to study the
structure and interaction properties of peptides and proteins from a dynamic perspective.
Knowing the bioactive conformations of peptides is crucial in the drug discovery field to design
more efficient analogue ligands and inhibitors of protein-protein interactions targeting
therapeutically relevant systems.

Objective:
This review provides a toolkit to investigate peptide conformational properties by
NMR.

Methods:
Articles cited herein, related to NMR studies of peptides and proteins were mainly
searched through PubMed and the web. More recent and old books on NMR spectroscopy
written by eminent scientists in the field were consulted as well.

Results:
The review is mainly focused on NMR tools to gain the 3D structure of small unlabeled
peptides. It is more application-oriented as it is beyond its goal to deliver a profound
theoretical background. However, the basic principles of 2D homonuclear and heteronuclear
experiments are briefly described. Protocols to obtain isotopically labeled peptides and principal
triple resonance experiments needed to study them, are discussed as well.

Conclusion:
NMR is a leading technique in the study of conformational preferences of small
flexible peptides whose structure can be often only described by an ensemble of conformations.
Although NMR studies of peptides can be easily and fast performed by canonical protocols
established a few decades ago, more recently we have assisted to tremendous improvements
of NMR spectroscopy to investigate instead large systems and overcome its molecular
weight limit.
Gold Nanoparticles- Boon in Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Jindal Mehak , Nagpal Manju , Singh Manjinder , Aggarwal Geeta , Dhingra Gitika Arora 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Cancer is the world’s second-largest cause of death, with an estimated 9.6 million fatalities
in 2018. Malignant tumour (cancer) is caused by a mixture of genetic modifications due to the environmental
variables that tend to activate or inactivate different genes, ultimately resulting in neoplastic transformations.
Cancer is a multi-stage process that results from the conversion of the ordinary cells to tumour cells and progresses
from a pre-cancer lesion to abnormal growth.

Methods:
Chemotherapy inhibits the ability of the cells to divide rapidly in an abnormal manner, but this treatment
simultaneously affects the entire cellular network in the human body leading to cytotoxic effects. In this
review article, the same issue has been addressed by discussing various aspects of the newer class of drugs in
cancer therapeutics, i.e., Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) from metal nanoparticle (NP) class.

Results:
Metal NPs are advantageous over conventional chemotherapy as the adverse drug reactions are lesser.
Additionally, ease of drug delivery, targeting and gene silencing are salient features of this treatment. Functionalized
ligand-targeting metal NPs provide better energy deposition control in tumour. AuNPs are promising agents
in the field of cancer treatment and are comprehensively studied as contrast agents, carriers of medicinal products,
radiosensitizers and photothermal agents. For the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents, AuNPs are used
and also tend to enhance tumour imaging in vivo for a variety of cancer types and diseased organs.

Conclusion:
The first part of the review focuses on various nano-carriers that are used for cancer therapy and
deals with the progression of metal NPs in cancer therapy. The second part emphasizes the use of nanotechnology
by considering the latest studies for diagnostic and therapeutic properties of AuNPs. AuNPs present the latest
studies in the field of nanotechnology, which leads to the development of early-stage clinical trials. The next part
of the review discusses the major features of five principal types of AuNPs: gold nanorods, gold nanoshells, gold
nanospheres, gold nanocages, and gold nanostars that have their application in photothermal therapy (PTT).
Synthesis, In-Vitro and In-Silico Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles with Root Extract of Withania somnifera for Antibacterial Activity via Binding of Penicillin-Binding Protein-4
Authors: Gaurav Isha , Singh Tanuja , Thakur Abhimanyu , Kumar Gaurav , Rathee Parth , Kumari Puja , Sweta Kumari 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Metal Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used for various applications in
biomedical sciences, including in drug delivery, and as therapeutic agents, but limited owing to their toxicity
towards the healthy tissue. This warrants an alternative method, which can achieve the desired activity
with much reduced or no toxicity. Being a biological product, Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) is
environment friendly, besides being less toxic as compared to metal-based NPs. However, the exact
mechanism of action of W. somnifera for its antibacterial activities has not been studied so far.

Objective:
To develop “silver nanoparticles with root extract of W. somnifera (AgNPs-REWS)” for antimicrobial
and anticancer activities. Furthermore, the analysis of their mechanism of action will be
studied.

Methods:
Using the in-silico approach, the molecular docking study was performed to evaluate the
possible antibacterial mechanism of W. somnifera phytochemicals such as Anaferine, Somniferine,
Stigmasterol, Withaferin A, Withanolide- A, G, M, and Withanone by the inhibition of Penicillin-
Binding Protein 4 (PBP4). Next, we utilized a bottom-up approach for the green synthesis of AgNPs-
REWS, performed an in-detail phytochemical analysis, confirmed the AgNPs-REWS by SEM, UVvisible
spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, and HPLC. Eventually, we examined their antibacterial activity.

Results:
The result of molecular docking suggests that WS phytochemicals (Somniferine, Withaferin
A, Withanolide A, Withanolide G, Withanolide M, and Withanone) possess the higher binding affinity
toward the active site of PBP4 as compared to the Ampicillin (-6.39 kcal/mol) reference molecule.
These phytochemicals predicted as potent inhibitors of PBP4. Next, as a proof-of-concept, AgNPs-
REWS showed significant antibacterial effect as compared to crude, and control; against Xanthomonas
and Ralstonia species.

Conclusion:
The in-silico and molecular docking analysis showed that active constituents of W. somnifera
such as Somniferine, Withaferin A, Withanolide A, Withanolide G, Withanolide M, and Withanone
possess inhibition potential for PBP4 and are responsible for the anti-bacterial property of
W. somnifera extract. This study also establishes that AgNPs via the green synthesis with REWS
showed enhanced antibacterial activity towards pathogenic bacteria.
EHAI: Enhanced Human Microbe-Disease Association Identification
Authors: Fan Ruizhi , Dong Chenhua , Song Hu , Xu Yixin , Shi Linsen , Xu Teng , Cao Meng , Jiang Tao , Song Jun 
Published: July 2020

:
Recently, an increasing number of biological and clinical reports have demonstrated that
imbalance of microbial community has the ability to play important roles among several complex diseases
concerning human health. Having a good knowledge of discovering potential of microbe-disease
relationships, which provides the ability to having a better understanding of some issues, including
disease pathology, further boosts disease diagnostics and prognostics, has been taken into account.
Nevertheless, a few computational approaches can meet the need of huge scale of microbe-disease
association discovery. In this work, we proposed the EHAI model, which is Enhanced Human microbe-
disease Association Identification. EHAI employed the microbe-disease associations, and then
Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity has been utilized to enhance the basic microbe-disease
association. Actually, some known microbe-disease associations and a large amount of associations are
still unavailable among the datasets. The ‘super-microbe’ and ‘super-disease’ were employed to enhance
the model. Computational results demonstrated that such super-classes have the ability to be
helpful to the performance of EHAI. Therefore, it is anticipated that EHAI can be treated as an important
biological tool in this field.
The Comparison of Real-time-PCR-HRM and Microscopy Methods for Detection of Mixed Plasmodium spp. Infections in Laghman Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Dalimi Abdolhossein , Mosawi Sayed Hussain 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Laghman province, in the east of the Afghanistan, is one of the most malaria endemic regions with
an eminence of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. So far, no study has been conducted to investigate the extent of mixed infections in this area.

Objective:
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of mixed infections of malaria in Laghman province by using
of a new and highly sensitive molecular method (real-time polymerase chain reaction high resolution melting analysis) and
compare its results with microscopically confirmed cases of malaria.

Methods:
In general, 347 infected individuals have been referred to Khalwati laboratory that is located
in the center of Laghman province from May to November of 2018. Microscopic analysis
was performed on prepared thick and thin blood films under ×100 lens with oil immersion. The real-
time-PCR-HRM assay was performed using an ABI 7500 Fast Real-time PCR system.

Results:
In microscopic examination, out of 347 patients referred to the Center, 267 (76.94%) cases were detected to be
Plasmodium vivax, 79 (22.76%) Plasmodium falciparum and 1 (0.28%) case of mixed of two species. However, by using
Real-time PCR-HRM technique, 249 (71.75%) were detected Plasmodium vivax, 79 (22.76%) were Plasmodium falciparum
and 19 (5.47%) were mixed of two species.

Conclusions:
Our result indicated that, the Real-time PCR-HRM method is more accurate and more reliable than microscopic method in the diagnosis of malaria mixed infections.
Numerical Analysis of Strength Capacity of High-Performance Reinforced Concrete Columns with Varied Parametric Study
Authors: Al-Maliki Hadi N. G. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
This study includes the analysis of the strength capacity of high performance reinforced concrete columns subjected to concentric axial loading. The main variables are based on the compressive strength of concrete and steel reinforcing ratios. All the columns are fixed, supported by two ends.

Methods:
This study is based on a calculation done according to ACI Code-318M-2011 equations for columns analysis to evaluate the ultimate strength then applied these load on samples to compare between them by software program Prokon V.3. The comparison is based on reinforcement ratio and moment resistance capacity.

Results:
The analysis results show that when increasing the main reinforcement with high-performance concrete led, there will be an increased load capacity by about (40 to 215%) and moment resistance capacity by about (35 to 50%) with the same load conditions. According to the analysis of the results, the moment resistance capacity of constant sample value with different reinforcing ratio leads to these resist depending on the load applied, and the concrete compressive strength of columns.

Conclusion:
Reasonable correlation of the results is demonstrated, which ensured the adequacy of the analysis by test program, both hand calculation and software Prokon.V.3.
Thin film composite polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofiltration membrane fabricated using spin assisted layer by layer assembly: Application of solution diffusion film model
Authors: Alghamdi Ahmad , Fadhillah Farid 
Published: July 2020

Thin Film Composite (TFC) Polyelectrolyte Multilayer (PEM) Nanofiltration (NF) membrane consisting of multilayer of Poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDAC) and Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) deposited on polyethersulfone (PES) support was prepared using spin-assisted layer by layer assembly (SA-LbL). This work is an effort to discover new material having better characteristics and performance than commercial polyamide (PA) NF membrane. Two main operating conditions namely temperature and salt concentration were investigated and the effect of both on membrane performance was studied. Solution-diffusion Film Model (SDFM) membrane employing two fitting parameters i.e. membrane salt permeability (PS) and stagnant layer salt permeability PS(d), was used to explain membrane transport across the membrane. The result showed an good agreement between experimental and observed rejection rate suggests PEM membrane behaves similar to typical solution diffusion-type composite membrane and SDFM can be used to predict the membrane performance and behavior.
Association between Hypovitaminosis D3 and Type II Diabetes Mellitus of Iraqi Patients
Authors: Hadi Shaymaa M. , Al-Tuâ€™ma Fadhil J. , Al-Zubaidi Riyadh D. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: This research has been carried out to evaluate the levels of [25(OH)D3] as well as the correlation between the deficiency levels with the risk of experiencing T2DM in sample of Iraqi population.
Methods: The levels regarding the 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 and the fasting blood sugar (FBG) have been estimated in group of 58 T2DM patients and 31 control subjects of age between (25 - 65 year). The 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 has been estimated via ELISA and fasting blood sugar (FBG) was measured spectrophotometrically.
Results: The levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 have been considerably lower in individuals experiencing T2DM (9.465 Â± 3.567 ng/ml) than in the control group (14.146 Â± 11.045 ng/ml), (P = 0.02) whereas FBG levels were considerably higher in patients experiencing T2DM (218 Â± 66 mg/dl) widespread in comparison to control group (89.8 Â± 9 mg/dl), (P = 0.009). The levels related to the 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 are inversely related to FBG in both diabetic and control group (P = 0.01, r2 = 0.1), (P < 0.01, r2 = 0.2) respectively. VDD is considered to be related to the hazard of experiencing T2DM; also it is highly prevalent in subjects of Iraqi nationality.
Conclusion: VDD is associated to the risk of experiencing T2DM. hypovitaminosis D is very prevalent among the study participants and its percent was higher in female and have a therapeutic implications as cautious supplementation of vitamin D could enhance glycemic control in T2DM.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Make A Match Untuk Mengembangkan Motivasi Belajar
Authors: Yeti Helda , Mulya Neni 
Published: July 2020

Belajar berkaitan dengan motivasi, motivasi belajar akan timbul dengan suasana kelas yang menyenangkan. Menciptakan suasana kelas yang menyenangkan yaitu dengan penerapan model-model pembelajaran salah satunya model kooperatif tipe make a match . Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini ialah “Bagaimanakah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match untuk mengembangkan motivasi belajar anak usia dini usia 7-8 tahun di SD Negeri 1 Way Dadi Sukarame Bandar Lampung?”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match untuk mengembangkan motivasi belajar anak usia dini usia 7-8 tahun di SD Negeri 1 Way Dadi Sukarame Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan subjek penelitian guru dan siswa. Alat pengumpul data yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: Observasi, Wawancara, dan Dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan dapat penulis simpulkan mengenai model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match untuk mengembangkan motivasi belajar anak usia dini usia 7-8 tahun di SD Negeri 1 Way Dadi Sukarame Bandar Lampung bahwasanya guru belum sepenuhnya menerapkan langkah-langkah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match sesuai dengan teori. Dari 9 langkah langkah permainan yang ada hanya 6 langkah yang diterapkan, hal ini disebabkan oleh waktu yang kurang mencukupi. Seharusnya untuk hasil yang maksimal guru harus menerapkan langkah-langkah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match sesuai dengan teori yang ada.
Deployment of Virtual Reality (VR) to Promote Green Burial
Authors: Lau Yui Yip , Tang YM , Chan Ivy , Ng Adolf K.Y. , Leung Alan 
Published: July 2020

Population projections for Hong Kong suggest that the city will accommodate 8.22 million people in 2043. One in every three people are expected to be older than 65 in 2066. The long-held Chinese traditions for burial of deceased with reverence and honour, coupled with the chronic land shortage have presented an excessive demand for cemetery space. Niches are seldom recycled and the inadequate supply of new columbarium niche requires the family of the deceased to consider alternative way for keeping cremated ashes. To ease the demand, “green burial” has been launched and promoted by the HKSAR government through different print and social media. Currently, scattering of cremains in Gardens of Remembrance or at sea are the two common ways to perform green burial. The public acceptance of green burial is still a questionable and is under-researched.
This study is going to deploy innovative technology, virtual reality (VR) to increase physical and psychological fidelity in highly resembled scenarios for the people. On one hand, VR gives immeasurable value to people when they are enabled to navigate different circumstances (physical fidelity) before considering the use of green burial. On the other hand, VR enables the people to engage in different mental processes (psychological fidelity) replicated from an array of cognitive reaction and sentiments with the choice of green burial. In order to optimize the configuration of the VR settings, we will conduct a face-to-face, semi-structured and in-depth interview with different practitioners. In the study, we explore: (1) To what extent the enhancement of physical fidelity of innovative technologies debunk public’s misconception of green burial? (2) To what extent the enhancement of psychological fidelity of innovative technologies debunk public’s misconception of green burial? (3) To what extent the simulated experience derived from innovation technologies change the public acceptance of green burial?
Kajian Eksperimen Instalasi Pompa Seri dan Paralel Terhadap Efisiensi Penggunaan Energi
Authors: Syahrizal Iman , Perdana Daud 
Published: July 2020

The pump is used to transfer liquid fluid from a low place to a high place or from one place to another with a certain distance and with a certain height. This study aims to figure the connection of series and parallel pumps to the discharge, pressure and pump power, and to figure the efficiency of series and parallel pumps with energy use. This study was conducted in a mechanical engineering major at Sambas State Polytechnic. The method used was three treatment experiments, including installing a single pump, a series pump installation, and a parallel pump installation. Observed changes are flow rate, water pressure, motor rotation, and electric current. The results showed that the series pump did not affect the discharge, but it affected the pressure and hydraulic power of the pump. While the parallel pump affects the increase in discharge but does not affect the pump pressure and hydraulic power. The results of pump calculations flow rate series 0.000450 m3 / sec, while the parallel pump flow rate 0.000769 m3 / sec. The results of pump measurement pressure are 80 psi series, while the parallel pump pressure is 40 psi. The calculation result of the hydraulic pump is 248.28 Watt series, while the parallel pump hydraulic power is 198.2 Watt. The power efficiency of series pumps is higher than the efficiency of parallel pumps. The efficiency of electric power when measuring flow rate at 70.53% series pump installations, parallel pump electrical power efficiency of 56.3%. The efficiency of electric power when measuring series water pressure is 45.14%, while the parallel pump's electrical power efficiency is 36.03%. Keywords: Efficiency, pump installation, series, parallel.
Trayectorias y transiciones
Authors: Zavaro Pérez Carlos A. 
Published: July 2020

Categorías como itinerario, trayectoria, singladura y rumbo permiten analizar el impacto del programa FinEs en jóvenes y en mujeres adultas residentes en el Arroyo El Gato (La Plata), a través de la discusión y la utilización de metodologías de la etnografía y la educación ambiental en el diagnóstico participativo de las problemáticas socioambientales del barrio, un proceso que promueve la formación de sujetos críticos respecto del entorno, de sus historias de vida y de sus expectativas. En el artículo se enfatiza en la importancia del programa como política de Estado para la acumulación de capital simbólico, a partir de entender la obtención del título como un ritual de paso.