bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of organic waste from Caringin Central Market as raw material for biogas and compost
Authors: Butar-Butar E S , Mutiara  , Priantoro E A , Sembiring T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Caringin Central Market is a traditional market in Bandung which is managed by the private party. This market produces approximately 84 tons of waste per day. The waste management system used is the 3P system (Pengumpulan, Pengangkutan, dan Pembuangan) including Collection, Transport, and Disposal of waste. The operational cost for this system is relatively high, which is IDR 55,440,000 per day. Therefore a study to investigate the potential utilization of organic waste from Caringin Central Market as raw material for biogas and compost is necessarily needed to be conducted. The research method used for this study is a field survey to collect primary and secondary data. The methodology is based on the National Standard of Indonesia (SNI 19-3964-1995) for waste sampling to study the waste characteristics and generation. This study is conducted in a temporary disposal site in Caringin Central Market. The results showed that the utilization of organic waste from the Caringin Central Market as raw material could potentially produce 6,272 m3 of biogas and 4.2 tons of mature compost.
Effect of Rhizopus azygosporus UICC 539 growth on the nutrient content of sterile slurry and palm kernel cake mixtures at different temperature
Authors: Aurelia L , Oetari A , Sjamsuridzal W 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study reported the effect ofRhizopus azygosporusUICC 539 growth on the sterile slurry and palm kernel cake (PKC), and analysis of the nutrient content of the waste mixtures. The fungus showed good growth on Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) at temperature range of 30 to 50 °C, and could not grow at 55 °C. Inoculum was prepared from fungal culture in Potato Sucrose Broth (PSB) by still fermentation at 30 and 40 °C for 5 days. Sterile slurry and PKC (3:1) in Petri dishes (diameter 9 cm) were prepared and solid-state fermentation was carried out using inoculum (10 %, v/v) at 30 and 40 °C, and incubated for 5 days.Rhizopus azygosporusUICC 539 showed good growth and increased cell numbers on sterile waste mixtures. Effect of fungal growth on the nutrient content of the waste mixtures was observed by comparing the treatment and control. There was an increase in the moisture and ash content, and a decrease in protein content, total calorie and carbohydrate content. There was no change of the calorie from fat and total fat content compared to the control.
Utilization of rice husk (Oryza sativa) for amorphous biosilica (SiO2) production as a bacterial attachment
Authors: Sriwuryandari L , Priantoro E A , Janetasari S A , Butar Butar E S , Sembiring T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rice husk as a by-product of the rice milling process has not been utilized optimally. The yield of rice husk waste continues to increase from year to year, considering that Indonesia is the third largest rice producer in the world. Rice husk has a fairly large silica content; therefore, rice husk is widely used as an alternative source of silica. The purpose of this study is to synthesize silica from rice husk and analyse its characteristics. The research method used in silica isolation was carried out by non-thermal and thermal methods. Non-thermal method for removal of inorganic compounds and hydrolysis of organic compounds by acidic solutions (HCl), while the thermal method is carried out by burning rice husks at a temperature of 500 °C to produce rice husk ash. The resulting rice husk ash was processed by the sol-gel method. The resulting silica was determined of its morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), composition, and structure with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results obtained in this study were white silica with a yield of 84.782%. Biosilica produced is then mixed with certain bacteria, either Serratia sp or Bacilus pumilus. Then, the attachment of bacteria was evaluated by using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy).
Evaluation of hospital infectious waste management (HIWM) implementation based on applicable regulations in Bandung
Authors: Fitria N , Damanhuri E , Salami I R S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Infectious waste from health facilities has been characterized to be a hazardous waste that required a proper management. However, the implementation of infectious waste management in healthcare facilities has been conducted improperly and caused infectious diseases spread in developing countries. Some studies that have developed on infectious waste management were qualitative in nature, and it has not yet been measured the percentage value of hospital infectious waste management was in accordance with applicable regulations. The higher percentage value, showed the better management and handling of infectious waste in a hospital. The aim of this research was to evaluate the percentage value of hospitals infectious waste management (HIWM) compliance with Indonesian regulation of HIWM. The data were obtained from 7 hospitals in Bandung area, with checklist method according to the Minister of Environment Regulation No. p.56, 2015. The standard checklist of regulation consist 9 process of HIMW such as : (1) standard operational procedure (SOP); (2) Segregation; (3) Collection; (4) Transport; (5) Storage; (6) Monitoring of generation infectious solid waste/weighing; (7) Human resources due to preventive action/worker protective; (8) Contingency plans; and (9) Disposal process, from 9 HIWM process contain 63 items standard of HIWM. From the analysis data, it was known that the percentage of compliance of the HIWM to the regulation was not caused by the type of hospital and the type of hospital ownership significantly, but rather focuses on the HIWM management process. From 7 hospitals in Bandung area, the compliance only meets 58.5 % comparing to 100 % assessment score. ANOVA analysis showed the types of hospital gave the significant effect on percentage values of HIWM (p < 0.05). It is proposed that every hospital should make some evaluations for the hospital infectious waste management to improve the quality of HIWM.
Ecology and sociology analysis for mineral resources management in Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat T , Fitrianingrum L , Suharto  , Sudibyo  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mineral resources should be an important resource in supporting the Indonesian economy. However, equal welfare has not been felt by the people of Indonesia for seventy-four years of management of abundant mineral resources. People often oppose the management of mineral resources. These facts show problems in managing mineral resources in Indonesia. One of the problems examined in this study is the sociological aspects of the management of mineral resources in Indonesia. This research uses descriptive qualitative method by collecting data through observation and documentation. It can be concluded from this study that: (1) the inadequate mastery of mineral technology in Indonesia causes the management of mineral resources to be suboptimal, (2) Management of mineral resources that is not optimal results in low state revenues from the management of mineral resources, (3) Management of mineral resources opens employment opportunities and increases the escalation of conflict in the surrounding community as well, (4) Management of mineral resources causes environmental damage and health problems for the surrounding community, and (5) The contribution of the management of mineral resources to the economic improvement of the surrounding community is considered insignificant.
Techno-economic analysis of an optimized hybrid energy system implementation using PV-wind turbine-diesel generator at Indonesia’s remote telecommunication base
Authors: Dinata M M M , Mardiana V A , Mitayani A , Nurkahfi G N 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNowadays, the implementation of the telecommunications industry in Indonesia should be encouraged to be more environmentally friendly, especially the source of electrification for base stations whose numbers are increasing every year. The purpose is not only to reduce CO2emissions, but also how these efforts are made to reduce cost of electricity (CoE) so that it can improve operator’s operational cost efficiency. On this paper, author analyzed the implementation of a hybrid energy system plus (HES+) in Indonesia, which in addition to using solar panels is also optimized by adding wind turbines to areas that have proper wind speeds. Design, identifying the potential geographical location, calculation and sizing for optimized hybrid energy system is the major part of this study. Therefore, the calculation result for the CoE of base station could be as accurate as possible. It is also found that with HES+ installed, telecommunication operator has improved energy efficiency, reduced OPEX and minimized greenhouse gases with reducing 50 Ton of CO2emission per site per year.
Simple water quality observations in Cikapundung River from upstream to downstream to determine the quality
Authors: Janetasari S A , Hamidah U , Widyarani  , Sintawardani N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cikapundung River is located through Bandung City, it’s one of stream which flow to Citarum Watershed. Several studies on conservation modelling and planning have been carried out, but there are uncompleted data about water quality of Cikapundung River, therefore study on water quality assessment is required. Data was collected in 26 points starting from upstream in Maribaya and ends in the downstream in Bojongsoang, Bandung City. Parameters that recorded are pH, temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen (DO). Result showed that DO levels begin to drop under 5 mg/L in 17000 meters or 17 kilometers from a upstream, the increasing of human activity of this point influenced the level of dissolved oxygen in the surface water, pH ranged from 6.7 to 9.67, while conductivity range about 66 to 410 µS/cm. Sampling locations and land use was determining factors that influenced dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and conductivity values, while climate affects temperatures around the sampling point.
Photoreduction of palladium nanoparticles on ZnO nanorods for enhancing photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue
Authors: Syampurwadi A , Primadona I , Fauzia V , Isnaeni  
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe high recombination rate of zinc oxide (ZnO) limits its photocatalytic activity and performance. Depositing noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) onto ZnO nanorods (NRs) is a promising approach that could facilitate interfacial charge-transfer processes, thereby increasing its photocatalytic activity. Generally, silver and gold NPs are used in conventional powdered structure, but in this work, due to the unique chemical and optical properties, palladium (Pd) NPs were utilized. Pd NPs were successfully deposited onto the surface of ZnO NRs by photoreduction process using a UV (365 nm) and a simulated solar light (Xe lamp). Irradiation by a Xe lamp produced a high number of Pd NPs with a particle size average of 52 nm. Compared to the pristine of ZnO NRs, the modified Pd/ZnO NRs (Xe) enhanced the photocatalytic activity about 21 %. This improvement might be due to the effect of Pd NPs that increase the light absorbance and the number of free radicals to degrade the methylene blue structure.
The encapsulation of Lactobacillus casei probiotic bacteria based on sodium alginate and chitosan
Authors: Djaenudin  , Budianto E , Saepudin E , Nasir M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chitosan is a polysaccharide that can be used as a material in the encapsulation of probiotic bacteria. The process of bacterial encapsulation with chitosan polymers was carried out to protect the Lactobacillus casei bacteria which cannot last long in very acidic environments so that they can survive when exposed to gastric acid conditions and can live in the intestine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of extrusion voltage on the survivability of L. casei bacteria in the encapsulation process. The encapsulation process in this study was carried out by the extrusion-emulsion method using a sodium alginate of 1 % (w/v) and chitosan of 0.2 % (w/v) and voltage variations of 0 kV, 10 kV and 20 kV. The resulting beads were immersed in a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) (NaCl 0.2 %; HCl 0.5 M with a pH of 1.5) for 0, 60 and 120 minutes at 37 °C. The number of L. casei cells before encapsulation was 1 × 109 cfu/mL. After encapsulation with voltage variations of 0 kV, 10 kV and 20 kV, the viability of probiotics were 2.6 × 108 cfu/g, 1 × 107 cfu/g, and 1 × 103 cfu/g, respectively. After testing the beads in SGF, the obtained results indicated that viability of L.casei in the sodium alginate - chitosan beads with an extrusion voltage of 0 kV were 20,300 cfu/g, 10 kV were 30 cfu/g and 20 kV were 0 cfu/g. The results of these studies indicated that survivability of L. casei in the sodium alginate - chitosan beads with a voltage of 0 kV indicates the highest survivability level of 51.19 % of the number of cells encapsulated after incubation in SGF and the higher voltage can kill more L. casei.
Determination and characterization of titanium in environmental waters and sludges
Authors: Pratiwi A I W , Idzni F , Dara F , Nugraha W C , Indriyati  , Nasir M , Syampurwadi A , Primadona I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
By increasing the development of nanotechnology in recent times, there have been many commercial products contain nanomaterials. Type of nanomaterials that most widely used is Titanium dioxide (TiO2). These nanomaterials have been applied in various types of products, such as paints, cosmetics, etc. Unlike organic and inorganic pollutants, study and characterization of metal nanoparticle (NP) contaminants, such as TiO2 NP, have never been done in any part of Indonesia. Therefore, given the greater source of NP contaminants plus their long-term negative effects, it is deemed necessary to identify and characterize them in Indonesia. For the first case, Identification and characterization of TiO2 NP were performed in sludge and wastewater of paint and cosmetic company in the area of West Bandung district. Furthermore, the sludge and surface water of Saguling Reservoir and Cipeusing River were also analysed. Morphological and size analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analyser (PSA) revealed that most samples have NPs with a sphere shape; however, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was only able to confirm the presence of titanium (Ti) element in sludge samples. Quantification of Ti (all ascribed to TiO2 NPs) in wastewater and sludge was done by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS) with high precision and accuracy. The results implied that Ti was accumulated higher in the sludge than in the water samples at the same sampling location.
Nanocomposites of polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer-functionalized carbon nanotubes prepared by electrospinning method
Authors: Indriyati  , Primadona I , Dara F , Syampurwadi A , Nasir M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENM) have been utilized in varied applications like filters, sensors, scaffolds for tissue engineering, electronics and so on. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) copolymer nanofiber was reinforced with functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNT) via electrospinning method with N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent. To ensure the dispersion of f-MWCNT in polymer solution, it was sonicated prior to addition of PVDF copolymer into the dispersion. The results showed that tensile strength and elongation at break increased by 9 % and 79 %, respectively, with the addition of f-MWCNT, when compared to pure PVDF copolymer nanofiber web. Incorporated f-MWCNT into PVDF copolymer nanofiber also resulted in an increase in the average nanofiber diameter from 312 nm to 445 nm but decrease the hydrophobicity. FTIR spectra and XRD pattern confirmed the increase of PVDF β-phase structure as the results of electrospinning process and addition of MWCNT.
Magnetite Fe3O4-activated carbon composite as adsorbent of rhodamine B dye
Authors: Lestari I , Kurniawan E , Gusti D R , Yusnelti  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Magnetite-Fe3O4 and activated carbon composite adsorbent was prepared by co-precipitation and used as an adsorbent for Rhodamine B dyes. Composite adsorbents were characterized by VSM, BET, XRD, SEM and FTIR techniques. Characterization of Fe3O4 magnetite activated carbon composite with VSM has a magnetic degree of 15.53 emu/mg. Measurement of surface area using BET obtained surface area of 520 m2/g, whereas XRD diffractogram showed a diffraction peak pattern at 20.2°; 30.2°; 35.5°; 43.2°; and 57°. The surface morphology of composite adsorbents with SEM is granular with magnetite coated by activated carbon. FTIR spectra show some functional groups that are on the surface of the composite such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl groups. Adsorption of Rhodamine B dyes was obtained at pH 3 with an adsorption capacity of 0.71 mg/g, contact time of 150 minutes with an adsorption capacity of 0.72 mg/g, initial concentration of Rhodamine B was 25 mg/L with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2.19 mg/g.
Pier Luigi Nervi and the School of Italian Engineering: Science or the Art of Building?
Authors: Raffaella Maddaluno 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The recent and painful event of the collapse of the Riccardo Morandi bridge in Genoa has brought to light in international debates what, in the second half of the 1900s, was recognized as the School of Italian Engineering. The sixties mark a pinnacle in the relationship between technical and scientific studies, the evolution of infrastructural networks, and a specific attention to the importance of form in the final result of engineering works. The Stadio Flaminio, designed by Pier Luigi Nervi (1891-1979) on the occasion of the 1960 Olympics, internationalized an engineering approach that can be identified as made in Italy. This paper aims to analyse, starting from a charismatic figure like Nervi, what the characters of this identity are and if, in light of recent failures, we can talk about a school.
Parametric Modeling of Flat Rod Structures
Authors: Stefańska Anna , Rokicki Wieslaw 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Thanks to the use of advanced digital tools and the achievements of knowledge encompassing numerous fields of science including mathematics, computer science, and even genetics, architects now have the means to create multi-variant design solutions. The quantifiable benefits of interdisciplinary design are increasingly recognized within the field of architecture. As a result, a surprising variety of new ideas and designs emerge. These are often the result of advanced material and structural optimization, and their technological qualities become as important as their visual reception. The subject of this research paper is presenting the results of modeling various configurations of flat rod trusses. The aim of the analysis was comparing the efficiency of the use of materials in differently configured trusses, including trusses created via parametric modeling.
Wind Loads of an Irregularly Shaped Tall Building in Warsaw – Eurocode 1 Standard Analysis and Wind Tunnel Testing
Authors: Pietrzak Joanna , Wrona Mariusz , Rokicki Wieslaw 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper analyses wind loads of an irregularly shaped skyscraper in Warsaw. The aim of this study was to compare the results of two methods: analysis conducted according to the Eurocode 1 Standard and wind tunnel testing. The wind pressure distribution on façades and net force values were analysed. In the Eurocode-based analysis, the role played by the form of the building is treated in general terms and the aerodynamic interference with surrounding buildings is not taken into account. The results are characterized by a high design factor of safety. The results of wind tunnel experiments are much more accurate, more reliable, and could be the basis for bassuming lower wind loads.
Examples of the HVAC Systems’ Modernization in the Existing Schools and Kindergartens
Authors: Krawczyk Dorota Anna , Rodero Antonio , Teleszewski Tomasz Janusz 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The possibility to reduce energy consumption in a group of 30 public, education buildings located in Poland, by improvements in the HVAC systems, was analyzed. The study group included both: primary and secondary schools as well as kindergartens. 14% of evaluated heating systems were found as having a proper efficiency and technical quality, while in a case of 86% changes regarding heat regulation, distribution or generation were recommended. Theoretical reduction of energy for heating could reach a level of 5-18% in buildings with water pipes systems.
Recognition of Nonlinear Hysteretic Behavior by Neural Network using Deep Learning
Authors: Mazda Taiji , Kajita Yukihide , Akedo Takashi , Hazama Tsubasa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In Japan, large earthquakes have caused many damages to structures. Cracks in the reinforced concrete and plasticization of the steel bar and steel components resulted in increased damage. In the seismic design, the dynamic response analysis is carried out by using a mathematical model that appropriately evaluates the nonlinearity of the material and the components and the seismic performance is confirmed by performing a dynamic response analysis. However, when applying new materials and components, much time and much effort are required to select a mathematical model. In this study, we focused on the high pattern recognition capability of the neural network. We attempt to directly model using a neural network without replacing the complex nonlinear hysteretic behavior using the mathematical model. By improvement of learning data and introduction of deep learning, it was confirmed that the recognition ability for nonlinear hysteretic behavior of neural network was greatly improved, and its applicability as a numerical operation subroutine for time history response analysis was drastically improved.
Effect of Raft and Column Sizes on the Seismic Soil Structure Interaction Performance of Fifteen Storey Midrise Frame Structures
Authors: Ismail Sahar A. , Kaddah Fouad K. , Raphael Wassim E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Seismic design of structures is usually executed by performing 1D free-field soil response analysis using design spectral acceleration charts given by codes. This method ignores soil structure interaction effects thus affecting structure-foundation-soil system behavior leading to imprecise design. Soil structure interaction refers to the dynamic behavior between the structure, underlying foundation and soil block. To understand the behavior of a 15 storey midrise concrete seismic frame structure rested on raft foundation and founded on silty sandy soil block, 3D nonlinear time history finite element simulations using Abaqus were performed. The effects of raft and column sizes were considered by modeling flexible and fixed based structures. All cases were hit at the bottom by El-Centro (1940) and Northridge (1994) earthquakes. The results were presented in terms of storey lateral deflection, inter-storey drift, shear force, foundation rocking and response spectrum. The results showed that the combination between the structure-foundation-soil natural frequencies along with the soil type used dictate the behavior of the midrise structure as well as SSI effects under the different raft and column sizes used. Therefore, a detailed study considering all above parameters must be performed by engineers to ensure safe and cost-effective designs.