bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning analysis to automatically measure response time of pharyngeal swallowing reflex in videofluoroscopic swallowing study
Authors: Lee Jong Taek , Park Eunhee , Hwang Jong-Moon , Jung Tae-Du , Park Donghwi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo evaluate clinical features and determine rehabilitation strategies of dysphagia, it is crucial to measure the exact response time of the pharyngeal swallowing reflex in a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). However, measuring the response time of the pharyngeal swallowing reflex is labor-intensive and particularly for inexperienced clinicians, it can be difficult to measure the brief instance of the pharyngeal swallowing reflex by VFSS. To accurately measure the response time of the swallowing reflex, we present a novel framework, able to detect quick events. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of machine learning analysis of a VFSS video for automatic measurement of the response time of a swallowing reflex in a pharyngeal phase. In total, 207 pharyngeal swallowing event clips, extracted from raw VFSS videos, were annotated at the starting point and end point of the pharyngeal swallowing reflex by expert clinicians as ground-truth. To evaluate the performance and generalization ability of our model, fivefold cross-validation was performed. The average success rates of detection of the class “during the swallowing reflex” for the training and validation datasets were 98.2% and 97.5%, respectively. The average difference between the predicted detection and the ground-truth at the starting point and end point of the swallowing reflex was 0.210 and 0.056 s, respectively. Therefore, the response times during pharyngeal swallowing reflex are automatically detected by our novel framework. This framework can be a clinically useful tool for estimating the absence or delayed response time of the swallowing reflex in patients with dysphagia and improving poor inter-rater reliability of evaluation of response time of pharyngeal swallowing reflex between expert and unskilled clinicians.
A retrospective study to compare the clinical effects of individualized anatomic single- and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery
Authors: Chen Kang , Zhu Weimin , Zheng Yizi , Zhang Fangjie , Ouyang Kan , Peng Liangquan , Liu Haifeng , Feng Wenzhe , Huang Yong , Zhang Greg , Deng Zhenhan , Lu Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of single- and double- bundle individualized anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, we retrospectively analyzed the data and charts of 920 patients with ACL rupture who received individualized anatomic ACL reconstruction surgery at our center. All of the patients underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with autologous hamstring tendons. The patients were divided into two groups: the single-bundle individualized anatomic reconstruction group (N = 539), and the double-bundle individualized anatomic reconstruction group (N = 381). The IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores were used to subjectively evaluate the function of the knee joint during the postoperative follow-up. The Lachman test, pivot shift test and KT-3000 were used to objectively evaluate the stability of the knee. All 920 patients participated in clinical follow-up (average duration: 27.91 ± 3.61 months) achieved satisfied outcomes with few complications. The postoperative IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores, and the objective evaluation of knee joint stability were significantly improved compared to the preoperative status in both groups (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups at the final follow-up (P > 0.05). Therefore, no difference in terms of the IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner score, or KT-3000 was observed between the individualized anatomic single- and double-bundle ACL reconstruction techniques. Both techniques can be used to restore the stability and functionality of the knee joint with satisfactory short-term efficacy.
Photoperiodic manipulation modulates the innate and cell mediated immune functions in the fresh water snake, Natrix piscator
Authors: Singh Alka , Singh Ramesh , Tripathi Manish Kumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectives of the current work were to investigate the role of photoperiod and melatonin in the alteration of immune responses in a reptilian species. Animals were kept on a regimen of short or long days. Blood was obtained and leucocytes were isolated to study various innate immune responses. Lymphocytes were separated from blood by density gradient centrifugation and were used to study proliferation. Respiratory burst activity was measured through nitrobluetetrazolium reduction assay while nitric oxide production by leucocytes was assayed by nitrite assay. Lymphocytes were isolated and used to study proliferation with and without B and T cell mitogens. Photoperiodic manipulation acted differentially on leucocyte counts. Nitrite release was increased while superoxide production was decreased in cultures obtained from the snakes kept on the short day regimen. Significant enhancement of mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation was observed in cultures from the animals kept in either long or short days compared to cultures from the animals kept in natural ambient day length. Use of in vitro melatonin showed that lymphocytes from the animals, kept in long days, were more reactive. Photoperiod induces changes in immune status which may permit adaptive functional responses in order to maintain seasonal energetic budgets of the animals. Physiological responses (like elevated immune status) are energetically expensive, therefore, animals have evolved a strategy to reduce immune functions at times when energy is invested in reproductive activities.Natrix piscatorbreeds from September to December and elevated pineal hormone in winter suppresses reproduction while immunity is stimulated.
Spliced genes in muscle from Nelore Cattle and their association with carcass and meat quality
Authors: Silva Danielly B. S. , Fonseca Larissa F. S. , Pinheiro Daniel G. , Magalhães Ana F. B. , Muniz Maria M. M. , Ferro Jesus A. , Baldi Fernando , Chardulo Luis A. L. , Schnabel Robert D. , Taylor Jeremy F. , Albuquerque Lucia G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTranscript data obtained by RNA-Seq were used to identify differentially expressed alternatively spliced genes in ribeye muscle tissue between Nelore cattle that differed in their ribeye area (REA) or intramuscular fat content (IF). A total of 166 alternatively spliced transcripts from 125 genes were significantly differentially expressed in ribeye muscle between the highest and lowest REA groups (p ≤ 0.05). For animals selected on their IF content, 269 alternatively spliced transcripts from 219 genes were differentially expressed in ribeye muscle between the highest and lowest IF animals. Cassette exons and alternative 3′ splice sites were the most frequently found alternatively spliced transcripts for REA and IF content. For both traits, some differentially expressed alternatively spliced transcripts belonged to myosin and myotilin gene families. The hub transcripts were identified for REA (LRRFIP1, RCAN1andRHOBTB1) and IF (TRIP12,HSPE1andMAP2K6) have an important role to play in muscle cell degradation, development and motility. In general, transcripts were found for both traits with biological process GO terms that were involved in pathways related to protein ubiquitination, muscle differentiation, lipids and hormonal systems. Our results reinforce the biological importance of these known processes but also reveal new insights into the complexity of the whole cell muscle mRNA of Nelore cattle.
The Northeast Atlantic is running out of excess carbonate in the horizon of cold-water corals communities
Authors: Fontela Marcos , Pérez Fiz F. , Carracedo Lidia I. , Padín Xosé A. , Velo Antón , García-Ibañez Maribel I. , Lherminier Pascale 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by human activities alters the seawater carbonate system. Here, the chemical status of the Northeast Atlantic is examined by means of a high-quality database of carbon variables based on the GO-SHIP A25 section (1997–2018). The increase of atmospheric CO2leads to an increase in ocean anthropogenic carbon (Cant) and a decrease in carbonate that is unequivocal in the upper and mid-layers (0–2,500 m depth). In the mid-layer, the carbonate content in the Northeast Atlantic is maintained by the interplay between the northward spreading of recently conveyed Mediterranean Water with excess of carbonate and the arrival of subpolar-origin waters close to carbonate undersaturation. In this study we show a progression to undersaturation with respect to aragonite that could compromise the conservation of the habitats and ecosystem services developed by benthic marine calcifiers inhabiting that depth-range, such as the cold-water corals (CWC) communities. For each additional ppm in atmospheric pCO2the waters surrounding CWC communities lose carbonate at a rate of − 0.17 ± 0.02 μmol kg−1 ppm−1. The accomplishment of global climate policies to limit global warming below 1.5–2 ℃ will avoid the exhaustion of excess carbonate in the Northeast Atlantic.
Cardioprotective effect of grape polyphenol extract against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Sergazy Shynggys , Shulgau Zarina , Fedotovskikh Galina , Chulenbayeva Laura , Nurgozhina Ayaulym , Nurgaziyev Madiyar , Krivyh Elena , Kamyshanskiy Yevgeny , Kushugulova Almagul , Gulyayev Alexander , Aljofan Mohamad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDoxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent known to cause cardiotoxicity that is thought to be associated with oxidative stress. The aim of the current study is to investigate the role of grape polyphenols’ antioxidant property as cardioprotective against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. AdultWistarrats weighing 200 ± 20 g were divided into 3 different groups: a doxorubicin group that received a single intraperitoneal administration of doxorubicin (8.0 mg/kg body weight), an experimental group that received doxorubicin and grape polyphenol concentrate (25 mg/kg) via intragastric route, and the third group was a negative control group that received water only. On day 8, blood samples and tissues were harvested for analyses. The results indicated that grape polyphenol concentrate was able to reduce the signs of cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin through the reduction of aspartate aminotransferase activation, increasing the plasma antioxidant levels and decreasing the level of free radicals. The results also showed that grape polyphenol concentrate was able to reverse doxorubicin-induced microscopic myocardial damage. The myocardial protective effect of grape polyphenol might likely be due to the increase in the level and activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. In conclusion, grape polyphenol concentrate displayed cardioprotective effect and was able to reverse doxorubicin-induced-cardiomyopathy in experimental rats.
Classical simulation of boson sampling with sparse output
Authors: Roga Wojciech , Takeoka Masahiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoson sampling can simulate physical problems for which classical simulations are inefficient. However, not all problems simulated by boson sampling are classically intractable. We show explicit classical methods of finding boson sampling distributions when they are known to be highly sparse. In the methods, we first determine a few distributions from restricted number of detectors and then recover the full one using compressive sensing techniques. In general, the latter step could be of high complexity. However, we show that this problem can be reduced to solving an Ising model which under certain conditions can be done in polynomial time. Various extensions are discussed including a version involving quantum annealing. Hence, our results impact the understanding of the class of classically calculable problems. We indicate that boson samplers may be advantageous in dealing with problems which are not highly sparse. Finally, we suggest a hybrid method for problems of intermediate sparsity.
Stirred suspension bioreactors maintain naïve pluripotency of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Rohani Leili , Borys Breanna S. , Razian Golsa , Naghsh Pooyan , Liu Shiying , Johnson Adiv A. , Machiraju Pranav , Holland Heidrun , Lewis Ian A. , Groves Ryan A. , Toms Derek , Gordon Paul M. K. , Li Joyce W. , So Tania , Dang Tiffany , Kallos Michael S. , Rancourt Derrick E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to their ability to standardize key physiological parameters, stirred suspension bioreactors can potentially scale the production of quality-controlled pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for cell therapy application. Because of differences in bioreactor expansion efficiency between mouse (m) and human (h) PSCs, we investigated if conversion of hPSCs, from the conventional “primed” pluripotent state towards the “naïve” state prevalent in mPSCs, could be used to enhance hPSC production. Through transcriptomic enrichment of mechano-sensing signaling, the expression of epigenetic regulators, metabolomics, and cell-surface protein marker analyses, we show that the stirred suspension bioreactor environment helps maintain a naïve-like pluripotent state. Our research corroborates that converting hPSCs towards a naïve state enhances hPSC manufacturing and indicates a potentially important role for the stirred suspension bioreactor’s mechanical environment in maintaining naïve-like pluripotency.
Phosphorylation regulates the binding of intrinsically disordered proteins via a flexible conformation selection mechanism
Authors: Liu Na , Guo Yue , Ning Shangbo , Duan Mojie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhosphorylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications. The phosphorylation of the kinase-inducible domain (KID), which is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), promotes the folding of KID and binding with the KID-interacting domain (KIX). However, the regulation mechanism of the phosphorylation on KID is still elusive. In this study, the structural ensembles and binding process of pKID and KIX are studied by all-atom enhanced sampling technologies. The results show that more hydrophobic interactions are formed in pKID, which promote the formation of the special hydrophobic residue cluster (HRC). The pre-formed HRC promotes binding to the correct sites of KIX and further lead the folding of pKID. Consequently, a flexible conformational selection model is proposed to describe the binding and folding process of intrinsically disordered proteins. The binding mechanism revealed in this work provides new insights into the dynamic interactions and phosphorylation regulation of proteins.
Telemedizin 2.0 bei Heimdialyse
Authors: Becker Stefan , Jahn Michael , Mülling Nils , Kribben Andreas 
Published: September 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn den letzten Jahren ist die telemedizinische Betreuung von Heimdialysepatienten besonders in der Peritonealdialyse zunehmend eingesetzt worden. Insbesondere die Übersicht von strukturierten Daten zu geplanten und tatsächlichen Behandlungen ermöglicht ein proaktiveres Patientenmanagement. Durch dieses Vorgehen werden häufiger Anpassungen des Therapieregimes vorgenommen, was wiederum weniger nächtliche Alarme und weniger persönliche Vorstellungen in der Ambulanz zur Folge hat.
Synthesis of Coumarins via [4+2] Cyclization of Siloxy Alkynes and Salicylaldehydes
Authors: Sun Jianwei , Qian Hui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new approach for the synthesis of coumarins from siloxy alkynes and salicylaldehydes is disclosed. Unlike the previous benzannulation reactions of siloxy alkynes that all proceed by electron-inversed Diels–Alder mechanism, this process represents a new [4+2] cyclization. In the presence of the superior HNTf2 catalyst, a wide range of coumarins were efficiently synthesized. This process was also extended to the synthesis of 2-quinolones. The polarized electron-rich triple bond might react sequentially with the aldehyde and hydroxy group by polarity switching in the stepwise formation of the C–C and C–O bonds. Control experiments provided insights into the mechanistic understanding.
Dearomatization–Rearomatization Strategy for Palladium-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling Reactions
Authors: Li Chao-Jun , Zeng Huiying , Lang Yatao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSubstituted aromatic compounds play important roles in materials, biological agents, dyes, etc. Thus, the synthesis of substituted aromatic compounds has been a hot topic throughout the history of organic chemistry. Traditionally, the Friedel–Crafts reaction was a powerful tool for synthesizing substituted aromatic compounds. In recent decades, metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions were well developed via carbon–heteroatom bond cleavage, however, having difficulties towards some strong bonds, such as C(Ar)–OH. To overcome such challenges, newer strategies are needed. In this review, we summarize the recent efforts in the development of dearomatization–rearomatization strategy for cross-coupling reactions via C(Ar)–O bond cleavage.1	Introduction2	Dearomatization–Rearomatization Strategy for Cross-Coupling of Phenols3	Dearomatization–Rearomatization Strategy for Cross-Coupling of Biphenols4	Dearomatization–Rearomatization Strategy for Cross-Coupling of Diphenyl Ethers5	Dearomatization–Rearomatization Strategy for Cross-Coupling of Indoles6	Summary
Fusion protein engineered exosomes for targeted degradation of specific RNAs in lysosomes: a proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Li Zhelong , Zhou Xueying , Gao Xiaotong , Bai Danna , Dong Yan , Sun Wenqi , Zhao Lianbi , Wei Mengying , Yang Xuekang , Yang Guodong , Yuan Lijun 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTTherapeutically intervening the function of RNA in vivo remains a big challenge. We here developed an exosome‐based strategy to deliver engineered RNA‐binding protein for the purpose of recruiting specific RNA to the lysosomes for degradation. As a proof‐of‐principle study, RNA‐binding protein HuR was fused to the C‐terminus of Lamp2b, a membrane protein localized in both exosome and lysosome. The fusion protein was able to be incorporated into the exosomes. Moreover, exosomes engineered with Lamp2b‐HuR successfully decreased the abundance of RNA targets possibly via lysosome‐mediated degradation, especially when the exosomes were acidified. The system was specifically effective in macrophages, which are lysosome enriched and resistant to routine transfection mediated RNAi strategy. In the CCl4‐induced liver injury mouse model, we found that delivery of acidified exosomes engineered with Lamp2b‐HuR significantly reduced liver fibrosis, together with decreased miR‐155 and other inflammatory genes. In summary, the established exosome‐based RNA‐binding protein delivery strategy, namely “exosome‐mediated lysosomal clearance”, takes the advantage of exosome in targeted delivery and holds great promise in regulating a set of genes in vivo.
Structural, electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional (M2/3Y1/3)2CO2 (M = Mo,W) iMXene
Authors: Mostafaei Alireza , Faizabadi Edris , Heidari Semiromi Ebrahim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, known as MXenes, are continuously growing in terms of both crystalline and composition varieties. They have received significant attention in science and technology. The new members of MXenes with in-plane ordered double transition metals have been named as iMXenes. In this study, we have investigated the electronic structures and optical properties of 2D (Mo2/3Y1/3)2CO2 and (W2/3Y1/3)2CO2 iMXene monolayers, using a set of density functional theory calculations. We found that the (Mo2/3Y1/3)2CO2 and (W2/3Y1/3)2CO2 2CO2 are semiconductors with indirect bandgaps of 0.477 eV and 0.655 eV, respectively. To investigate the optical properties, we calculated the absorption spectrum and reflectivity percentage of these structures along x and z directions using the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function. It is observed that the real and imaginary parts of their dielectric functions possess many peaks in the energy region of less than 3.1 eV. Interestingly, they show high absorption in the visible and UV regions, implying the potential applications of these semiconducting iMXenes in solar cells and optical nanodevices.
Optical dispersion of valley-hybridised coherent excitons with momentum-dependent valley polarisation in monolayer semiconductor
Authors: Schneider Lorenz Maximilian , Esdaille Shanece S , Rhodes Daniel A , Barmak Katayun , Hone James C , Rahimi-Iman Arash 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
2D excitons in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) offer interesting effects related to the valley pseudo-spin degree of freedom and long-range exchange interactions, as well as the coupling with light states. Several theoretical predictions have claimed that the neutral exciton of TMDCs splits into a transversal and longitudinal exciton branch, with the longitudinal one, which is the upper branch, exhibiting an extraordinary strong dispersion in the meV range within the light cone. Historically, this was linked for semiconductor quantum wells to strong far-field optical dipole coupling, or strong electronic long-range exchange interactions. Recently, experiments utilizing Fourier-space spectroscopy have shown that the exciton (exciton–polariton) dispersion can indeed be measured for high-quality hexagonal-BN-encapsulated WSe2 monolayer samples and can confirm the energy scale. Here, the exciton fine-structure’s pseudo-spin and the valley polarisation are investigated as a function of the centre-of-mass-momentum and excitation-laser detuning. For quasi-resonant excitation, a strong dispersion featuring a pronounced momentum-dependent helicity is observed. By increasing the excitation energy step-wise towards and then above the electronic band gap and the B-exciton level, the dispersion and the helicity systematically decrease due to contributions of incoherent excitons and emission from plasma. The decline of the helicity with centre-of-mass momentum can be phenomenologically modelled by the Maialle–Silva–Sham mechanism using the exciton splitting as the source of an effective magnetic field. By contributing to a better understanding of valley decoherence effects and the role of hybridised states in the optoelectronic properties, polarisation-sensitive Fourier-space investigations can support the development of future ‘optical-valleytronic’ devices.