bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light-Induced ignition of Carbon Nanotubes and energetic nano-materials: a review on methods and advanced technical solutions for nanoparticles-enriched fuels combustion
Authors: Visconti Paolo , Primiceri Patrizio , de Fazio Roberto , Strafella Luciano , Ficarella Antonio , Carlucci Antonio Paolo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aim of the present manuscript is to provide an overview of all possible methods and light source typologies used by the different research groups for obtaining the energetic nano-materials’ photo-ignition, showing the latest progress related to such phenomenon employing, also, alternative radiation sources to the common Xe lamp. In fact, the employment of a different source typology can open new usage prospects respect to those enabled by the Xe lamp, mainly due to its technological limitations. Therefore, several studies are faced to test light sources, such as lasers and LEDs, for igniting the nano-energetic materials (as CNTs mixed with metallic catalyzers, Al / CuO nano-particles, etc); these nano-materials are usefully employed for starting, in volumetric and controlled way, the combustion of air-fuel mixtures inside internal combustion engines, leading to significant benefits to the combustion process also in terms of efficiency, reliability, and emissions of pollutants. Several research works are presented in literature concerning the ignition of liquid / gaseous fuels, without nano-particles, employing laser sources (i.e laser-based plugs in place of the common spark plugs); therefore, an innovative solution is proposed that employs multi-point laser-plugs for inducing the ignition of nano-materials dispersed into the air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder, so further improving the combustion of the fuel in an internal combustion engine.
Advances in membranes and membrane reactors for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process for biofuel production
Authors: Liuzzi Dalia , Fernandez Ekain , Perez Susana , Ipiñazar Enrique , Arteche Amaya , Fierro José Luís G. , Viviente Jose Luis , Pacheco Tanaka David Alfredo , Rojas Sergio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe biomass-to-liquid (BtL) process is a promising technology to obtain clean, liquid, second-generation biofuels and chemicals. The BtL process, which comprises several steps, is based upon the gasification of biomass and the catalytic transformation of the syngas that is obtained via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction, producing a hydrocarbon pool known as syncrude. The FTS process is a well-established technology, and there are currently very large FTS plants operating worldwide that produce liquid fuels and hydrocarbons from natural gas (NG) (gas-to-liquids, GtL process) and coal (coal-to-liquids, CtL process). Due to the limited availability of local biomass, the size of the BtL plants should be downscaled compared to that of a GtL or CtL plant. Since the feasibility of the XtL (X refers to any energy source that can be converted to liquid, including coal, NG, biomass, municipal solid waste, etc.) processes is strongly influenced by the economies of scale, the viability of small-scale BtL plants can be compromised. An interesting approach to overcome this issue is to increase the productivity of the FTS process by developing reactors and catalysts with higher productivities to generate the desired product fraction. Recently, by integrating membrane reactors with the FTS process the gas feeding and separation unit have been demonstrated in a single reactor. In this review, the most significant achievements in the field of catalytic membrane reactors for the FTS process will be discussed. Different types of membranes and configurations of membrane reactors, including H2O separation and H2-feed distribution, among others, will be analyzed.
Pain psychology in the 21st century: lessons learned and moving forward
Authors: Flink Ida K. , Reme Silje , Jacobsen Henrik Børsting , Glombiewski Julia , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. , Nicholas Michael K. , Main Chris J. , Peters Madelon , Williams Amanda C. de C. , Schrooten Martien G.S. , Shaw William , Boersma Katja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsIn the spring of 2019, Professor Steven J. Linton, the founder of the Center for Health and Medical Psychology (CHAMP) at Örebro University, Sweden, formally retired. As a tribute to his scholarly work covering decades of influence and inspiration to the field of pain psychology, the research center organized a topical conference titled“Pain in the 21st century: Where do we come from and where are we going?”, which resulted in this state-of the-art synthesis. The aim of this declaration is to highlight lessons learned but not in the least is meant to inspire and guide our continued journey forward, developing pain psychology into the 21st century.MethodsSeveral collaborators of Professor Linton have summarized and reflected on the current state-of-the-art of pain psychology from the perspective of his input to the field, as well as on developments from the last years of advancements in pain psychology.ResultsThe topics have been divided into six themed sections covering the fear avoidance model, transdiagnostics, secondary prevention, risk- and protective factors, communication and contextual factors. The sections cover a broad spectrum, from basic experimental studies, integrating emotion and motivational theories into current theoretical models, to applied research on the effect of early interventions as well as sophisticated emotion-focused treatment models for pain patients with concurrent emotional ill-health.ConclusionsThere have been major advancements within pain psychology research during the last decades, moving the field towards a more comprehensive picture, taking emotional and motivational aspects into account to understand pain sufferers. Although psychologically informed interventions in general mainly focus on the individual, it has been put forward that pain management is highly influenced by the surrounding environment, including communication with health care providers, and the occupational and social context.ImplicationsProfessor Steven J. Linton has been at the forefront of pain psychology research during the last decades, and inspired by his work this journey will continue into the 21st century, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the understanding and treatment for all people suffering from persistent and disabling pain.
New pathway in rheumatic mitral valve disease: cytochrome P450 and glutathione S transferase isozyme expression
Authors: Simsek Erdal , Simsek Gulcin , Soyal Mehmet Fazıl Tolga , Kaygin Pinar , Duzgun Ali Cemal , Sarialtin Sezen , Kaplan Sadi , Oguztuzun Serpil 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
Cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1, glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) and omega (GSTO1) isozymes were evaluated and compared in patients with the diagnosis of rheumatic mitral valve disease and ischemic mitral valve insufficiency to find out the relationship of the oxidative stress with rheumatic mitral valve disease.

Materials and methods
The control group consisted of patients operated on due to ischemic mitral valve insufficiency (group I, n:14) while study group consisted of the patients operated on with the diagnosis of rheumatic mitral valve disease (group II, n:29). Mitral valve materials were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. CYP1A1, GSTP1, and GSTO1 immunohistochemical markers were studied.

Results
20.7% of GSTP1 isozyme protein expression was seen in the study group; however, no expression was detected in the control group. This finding was statistically significant in terms of GSTP1 isozyme. No statistically significant differences in the level of GSTO1 and CYP1A1 protein expression between the study and control groups were observed.

Conclusion
In this study, we found out that GSTP1 isozyme may be related to rheumatic mitral valve disease. A strategy that would help prevent oxidative stress in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease can be a so valuable means to affect disease progression.
Enhancing crystal quality and optical properties of GaN nanocrystals by tuning pH of the synthesis solution
Authors: Mohammadrezaee Mohammad , Hatefi-Kargan Naser , Daraei Ahmadreza 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Gallium nitride nanocrystals as a wide bandgap semiconductor material for optoelectronic applications can be synthesized using chemical methods. In this research using co-precipitation and nitridation processes gallium nitride nanocrystals have been synthesized, and by tuning pH of the synthesis solution at the co-precipitation step, crystal quality and optical property of the resultant gallium nitride nanocrystals have been enhanced. Gallium nitride nanocrystal samples were synthesized using solutions with pH values of 2.1, 4.8, 7.8, and 9.0, and then nitridation at 950 °C under the flow of ammonia gas. The synthesized nanocrystal samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and photoluminescence techniques. The XRD data show that the nanocrystals have hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, and using Scherer’s equation the sizes of the synthesized nanocrystals are 23.6, 26.6, 19.7, and 10.4 nm for the samples synthesized using the solutions with pH values of 2.1, 4.8, 7.8, and 9.0 respectively. The sizes of the nanocrystals obtained from SEM images are larger than the values obtained using Scherer’s equation, due to the aggregation of nanocrystals. EDX spectra show that pH of the synthesis solution affects the elemental stoichiometry of the gallium nitride nanocrystals. We obtained better stoichiometry for the nanocrystal sample synthesized using solution with the pH of 4.8. Photoluminescence spectra show that for this sample the emission intensity is higher than the others.
Studies of the Electronic, Optical, and Thermodynamic Properties for Metal-Doped LiH Crystals by First Principle Calculations
Authors: Wu Li-Na , Wu Shao-Yi , Liu Fei-Hu , Zhang Qing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydrogen as a clean and abundant energy source with high energy density is considered as a promising solution to future energy crisis, although storage of hydrogen is still challenging. Lithium hydride can be an alternative for hydrogen storage because of its small volume and high storage capacities, although this material is unsuitable as hydrogen reservoir because of its high dehydriding temperature. The density functional theory calculations based on the first principle are applied to study the physical properties of LiH without and with different metal M (M=Al, Fe, and Ru). The M-substituted systems exhibit lower dehydriding temperatures than the pure LiH, and Li1−xAlxH may be the most suitable candidate for hydrogen reservoir owing to the high hydrogen content and low dehydriding temperature. The stability and thermodynamic properties for hydrogen storage are discussed for these systems. The kinetics and the optical activity in the visible and infrared regions are enhanced by the metal dopants, characterized by the M impurity bands in the band gaps of the doped systems.
Variable Rate Piezocone Data Evaluated Using NTH Limit Plasticity Solution
Authors: Ouyang Zhongkun , Mayne Paul W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An established effective stress limit plasticity solution for piezocone testing (CPTu) is shown to be compatible for a variety of primarily fine-grained soils that are subjected to variable rate penetration tests covering undrained to partially drained to fully drained conditions. The method is applicable to primarily clays of low overconsolidation ratio &lt; 2.5. Data from 21 variable rate CPTu test series reported in the geotechnical literature are compiled into three categories, including: (a) field CPTu soundings, (b) laboratory 1-g chamber tests, and (c) centrifuge model tests. Using a CPTu theory developed by the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH), it is observed that the effective stress friction angle of clays, silty clays, sandy clays, and other fine-grained soils is consistent, regardless of the probe push rate. For 14 of the variable rate CPTu test series, the NTH CPTu solution compares well with the benchmark friction angle from laboratory triaxial testing. Selected example variable rate CPTu series are presented to illustrate the NTH procedures.
A Genome Assembly of the Barley ‘Transformation Reference’ Cultivar Golden Promise
Authors: Schreiber Miriam , Mascher Martin , Wright Jonathan , Padmarasu Sudharasan , Himmelbach Axel , Heavens Darren , Milne Linda , Clavijo Bernardo J , Stein Nils , Waugh Robbie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBarley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the most important crops worldwide and is also considered a research model for the large-genome small grain temperate cereals. Despite genomic resources improving all the time, they are limited for the cv. Golden Promise, the most efficient genotype for genetic transformation. We have developed a barley cv. Golden Promise reference assembly integrating Illumina paired-end reads, long mate-pair reads, Dovetail Chicago in vitro proximity ligation libraries and chromosome conformation capture sequencing (Hi-C) libraries into a contiguous reference assembly. The assembled genome of 7 chromosomes and 4.13Gb in size, has a super-scaffold N50 after Chicago libraries of 4.14Mb and contains only 2.2% gaps. Using BUSCO (benchmarking universal single copy orthologous genes) as evaluation the genome assembly contains 95.2% of complete and single copy genes from the plant database. A high-quality Golden Promise reference assembly will be useful and utilized by the whole barley research community but will prove particularly useful for CRISPR-Cas9 experiments.
Ellipsometric and Spectrometric Studies of (Ga0.2In0.8)2Se3 Thin Film
Authors: Studenyak I. P. , Kranjčec M. , Izai V. Yu. , Studenyak V. I. , Pop M. M. , Suslikov L. M. 
Published: April 2020

Thermal evaporation technique is used to deposite (Ga0,2In0,8)2Se3 thin films. The refractive index and extinction coefficient dispersions are obtained from the spectral ellipsometry measurements. The dispersion of the refractive index is described in the framework of the Wemple–Di Domenico model. The optical transmission spectra of a (Ga0,2In0,8)2Se3 thin film are studied in the temperature range 77–300 K. The temperature behavior of the Urbach absorption edge, as well as the temperature dependences of the energy pseudogap and Urbach energy, are investigated. The influence of different types of disordering on the optical absorption edge of a (Ga0,2In0,8)2Se3 thin film is discussed. Optical parameters of a (Ga0,2In0,8)2Se3 thin film and a single crystal are compared.
Дослідження системи попереднього охолодження бінарним льодом на рибодобувних судах
Authors: Сливинська М. В. , Зімін О. В. 
Published: April 2020

Розробка безперервного холодильного ланцюга завжди була важливим завданням у галузі переробки морепродуктів. Зберігання продукту при заданому температурному рівні на протязі його життєвого циклу забезпечує кінцеву якість. У рибопромисловій справі холодильний ланцюг починається з моменту появи риби на борту судна. Для забезпечення максимальної якості та мінімізації втрат продукт необхідно швидко охолодити до температури близької до кріоскопічної. Далі треба підтримувати цей температурний режим, бажано уникаючи коливань, до наступного етапу переробки продукту. Для вирішення цієї проблеми пропонується система попереднього охолодження продукту. Система включає в себе ванни-акумулятори та генератор бінарного льоду скребкового типу. Продукт швидко охолоджують в резервуарах до низької температури та зберігають при необхідному температурному рівні до потрапляння у швидкоморозильні апарати. Морепродукти надходять на заморожування вже охолодженими, що призводить також до зменшення питомих витрат енергії на обробку риби та зменшення втрат маси продукту від усушки. Розроблено технологічну схему руху морепродуктів від моменту підйому на борт, до моменту завантаження в трюм для зберігання. Розраховано теплові баланси для резервуарів з продуктом, з урахуванням усіх видів витрат. Визначено кількість бінарної суміші, необхідної для підтримки технологічного режиму. Розраховано та підібрано скребковий генератор бінарного льоду, який задовольняє необхідному навантаженню. Для того, щоб визначити економічну доцільність використання системи попереднього охолодження бінарним льодом, було проведено техніко-економічний порівняльний аналіз. Навіть не враховуючи значно вищу якість кінцевого продукту, орієнтований термін окупності додаткових вкладень складає близько двох років, за рахунок зниження енергозатрат при заморожуванні.
Модернізація системи охолодження магнетронів малої потужності
Authors: Бошкова І. Л. , Тітлов А. С. , Волгушева Н. В. , Колесніченко Н. О. , Сагала Т. А. 
Published: April 2020

Розглядається питання забезпечення теплового режиму анодного блоку магнетрона шляхом заміни системи повітряного охолодження на систему рідинного охолодження. Стверджується, що система рідинного охолодження найбільш підходяща для магнетронів, які в даний час передбачають систему повітряного охолодження, однак не розраховані на тривалу роботу в складі промислових мікрохвильових установок. Організація системи рідинного охолодження дозволить магнетрон працювати тривалий час без перегріву і в сприятливих умовах, при яких виключено забивання частинками і пилом поверхні теплообміну і виникнення перегріву поверхні анодного блоку. Основним елементом розроблюваної системи рідинного охолодження є сорочка охолодження, що представляє собою кільцевий канал з теплопровідного матеріалу. Сорочка охолодження кріпиться безпосередньо на анодний блок, при цьому ступінь стиснення поверхонь і товщина повітряного зазору повинні забезпечити мінімальне сумарне термічний опір. Для визначення коефіцієнтів тепловіддачі отримана емпірична залежність, яка відображає той факт, що при охолодженні анодного блоку раціональними є в'язкі і в'язкісно-гравітаційні режими руху. Визначено основні теплові характеристики процесу охолодження, що включають коефіцієнт теплопередачі, зміну температури теплоносія, максимально допустиму температуру на вході. Розрахунки проведені для двох видів теплоносіїв: вода і 54 % водний розчин етиленгліколю. Застосування даного схемного рішення і вибір раціональних розрахункових режимних дозволяє вирішити проблему підвищення ефективності виробництва і надійності роботи мікрохвильової техніки.
The idea of promotional compromise in the termination of criminal persecution and exemption from the criminal responsibility of the minor personnel with the application of forcedive measurement measures
Authors: Markelov Alexander G. 
Published: April 2020

The article proposes an original approach explaining the obvious ideological nature of the existence in the Russian criminal process of an evidentiary compromise with a special procedure for stopping criminal prosecution and exempting a minor from criminal liability using coercive educational measures. The author rightly argues that in modern criminal proceedings there has been created a promising, at the same time, conflict-free criminal procedure form of resolving a criminal case on the merits. In particular, the legislator, with strict and strict observance of the principles of the criminal process, formed a special compromise and at the same time evidentiary procedure for the court to make a final decision on the criminal case in the form of termination of criminal prosecution and exemption from criminal liability of a minor with the use of compulsory educational measures.
The work concludes on the unconditional effectiveness of this compromise order, as well as the need to further improve such alternative evidentiary proceedings in order to promptly resolve the criminal case and implement the purpose of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation.
Desempeño laboral de los docentes de la Institución Universitaria ITSA
Authors: Rodríguez-Marulanda Karina Patricia , Lechuga-Cardozo Jorge Isaac 
Published: April 2020

Rev.esc.adm.neg
El estudio se propuso mostrar evidencia de los factores y los niveles de desempeño laboral de los docentes de la Institución Universitaria ITSA. Se enmarcó en una metodología positivista, con un tipo de investigación descriptiva y un diseño de campo no experimental y transeccional. Se diseñó un instrumento de 26 ítems con una versión de escala tipo Likert, y se aplicó a una muestra de 79 docentes y cinco directivos docentes, para un total de 84 sujetos. Si bien se encontró que los factores de desempeño son frecuentes y los niveles de desempeño son destacados en los directivos docentes, no son tan frecuentes y destacados en los docentes. Se identificó como problema una debilidad en el desempeño laboral generada por la falta de comunicación interna, lo cual genera inconformidades en el cuerpo docente y se explica por un proceso fallido de retroalimentación. Por lo tanto, se concluye que, a fin de aumentar la frecuencia en los factores de desempeño docente y alcanzar niveles más altos de este en los docentes, se requiere de una mayor motivación, teniendo en cuenta la importancia de la comunicación organizacional en tanto que se presenta como el mecanismo propicio para crear un clima organizacional óptimo.
A Comparison of Contiguous Two-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion using a Structural Allograft versus a Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Cage: The Results of a Three-Year Follow-up
Authors: MOO ING HOW , Kam Carmen Jia Wen , Lai Maksim Wen Sheng , Yeo William , Soh Reuben Chee Cheong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Allografts and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages are the two most commonly used material in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, their effectiveness in in two-level ACDF remains controversial. The primary aim of this retrospective study is to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of two-level ACDF with plate fixation using either a structural allograft or a PEEK cage.
Methods: From 2010 to 2015, 88 consecutive patients underwent a two-level ACDF of which 53 used an allograft and 35 patients with a PEEK cage. All PEEK cages were filled with local autografts. All clinical outcomes were prospectively collected preoperatively, at six months and at two years after surgery. Clinical efficacy was evaluated using visual analogue scale for neck pain and limb pain, the Neck Pain and Disability Score, Neck Disability Index, Neurogenic Symptom Score, and the Japan Orthopedic Association score. Radiological outcomes were assessed preoperatively, immediately after surgery, and at the final follow-up.

Results: A preoperative comparison revealed no difference between the two patient groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index, smoking status, preoperative symptoms, operated levels, and follow-up (mean= 42.8 months). No difference in improvements in the clinical outcome between the two groups was observed. Both groups showed significant improvement in mean disc height, segmental height, and segmental lordosis postoperatively. The fusion rates for PEEK cage was 100% at both levels while the fusion rates for allograft group was 98.1% at cephalad level and 94.2% at caudad level (p>0.05). Subsidence at the cephalad level occurred in 22.9% (8/35) segments in the PEEK group and 7.7% (4/52) segments in the allograft group (p=0.057). At the caudal level, a higher cage subsidence was noted in the PEEK group compared to the allograft group [37.1% (13/35) versus 15.4% (8/52)] (p=0.02). Overall, subsidence was noted in 30% (21/70) of the PEEK group and in 11% (12/104) of the allograft group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of PEEK cages resulted in a higher rate of subsidence in two-level ACDF as compared to allograft. Two-level ACDF using either allografts or PEEK cages resulted in similar clinical outcomes, radiological improvements in alignment and fusion rates.