bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
eDNA‐based biomonitoring at an experimental German vineyard to characterize how management regimes shape ecosystem diversity
Authors: Agerbo Rasmussen Jacob , Nielsen Martin , Mak Sarah S. T. , Döring Johanna , Klincke Franziska , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Dunn Robert R. , Kauer Randolf , Gilbert Marcus Thomas Pius 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is growing interest in the application of sustainable agricultural methods to minimize the environmental impact of farming and thus aiding quantification of the actual benefit that such approaches may confer. We applied DNA metabarcoding with the aim of exploring how the diversity of fungi and arthropods were affected by different agricultural management systems (integrated, organic, biodynamic) at the experimental vineyard of Geisenheim (Rheingau, Germany). Data were generated for the bloom and harvest periods in 2017, using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding analysis of both soil and vane trap samples. Our data revealed four principal results. (a) Overall richness of vane trap samples was unaffected by the management systems, likely due to the relatively small scale of the plots compared to the ranges of taxa such as the arthropods caught. In contrast, however, the richness of soil‐living taxa appeared to be negatively affected by conventional treatments, especially at harvest. (b) Analysis of similarity revealed that the species composition was significantly differentiated by management systems for both fungal and other taxa in both sample types. (c) Taxonomic analysis of fungi revealed that the management system drove differentiation in the abundance patterns for wine‐related fungi. Overall, our study reiterates the potential of eDNA techniques as a tool for assessing how biodiversity is affected by different agricultural management regimes, and we hope such approaches will be adopted in future research aimed at guiding vineyard management decisions.
Prevalence and incidence of phantom limb pain, phantom limb sensations and telescoping in amputees: A systematic rapid review
Authors: Stankevicius Anna , Wallwork Sarah B. , Summers Simon J. , Hordacre Brenton , Stanton Tasha R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveThis systematic, rapid review aimed to critically appraise and synthesize the recent literature (2014–2019) evaluating the incidence and prevalence of post‐amputation phantom limb pain (PLP) and sensation (PLS).Databases and data treatmentFive databases (Medline, Embase, Emcare, PsychInfo, Web of Science) and Google Scholar were searched, with two independent reviewers completing eligibility screening, risk of bias assessment and data extraction.ResultsThe search identified 1,350 studies with 12 cross‐sectional and 3 prospective studies included. Studies evaluated traumatic (n = 5), atraumatic (n = 4), and combined traumatic/atraumatic (n = 6) amputee populations, ranging from 1 month to 33 years post‐amputation. Study heterogeneity prevented data pooling. The majority of studies had a high risk of bias, primarily due to limited generalizability. Three studies evaluated PLP incidence, ranging from 2.2% (atraumatic; 1 month) to 41% (combined; 3 months) and 82% (combined; 12 months). Only one study evaluated PLS/telescoping incidence. Across contrasting populations, PLP point prevalence was between 6.7%–88.1%, 1 to 3‐month period prevalence was between 49%‐93.5%, and lifetime prevalence was high at 76%–87%. Point prevalence of PLS was 32.4%‐90%, period prevalence was 65% (1 month) and 56.9% (3 months), and lifetime prevalence was 87%. Telescoping was less prevalent, highest among traumatic amputees (24.6%) within a 1‐month prevalence period. Variations in population type (e.g. amputation characteristics) and incidence and prevalence measures likely influence the large variability seen here.ConclusionsThis review found that lifetime prevalence was the highest, with most individuals experiencing some type of phantom phenomena at some point post‐amputation.SignificanceThis systematic rapid review provides a reference for clinicians to make informed prognosis estimates of phantom phenomena for patients undergoing amputation. Results show that most amputees will experience phantom limb pain (PLP) and phantom limb sensations (PLS): high PLP incidence 1‐year post‐amputation (82%); high lifetime prevalence for PLP (76%–87%) and PLS (87%). Approximately 25% of amputees will experience telescoping. Consideration of individual patient characteristics (cause, amputation site, pre‐amputation pain) is pertinent given their likely contribution to incidence/prevalence of phantom phenomena.
Rapid fingerprinting of a highly glycosylated fusion protein by microfluidic chip‐based capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry
Authors: Deyanova Ekaterina G. , Huang Richard Y.‐C. , Madia Priyanka A. , Nandi Pradyot , Gudmundsson Olafur , Chen Guodong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProtein glycosylation can impact the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic proteins. Achieving uniform and consistent protein glycosylation is an important requirement for product quality control at all stages of therapeutic protein drug discovery and development. The development of a new microfluidic CE device compatible with MS offers a fast and sensitive orthogonal mode of high‐resolution separation with MS characterization. Here, we describe a fast and robust chip‐based CE‐MS method for intact glycosylation fingerprinting of a therapeutic fusion protein with complex sialylated N and O‐linked glycoforms. The method effectively separates multiple sialylated glycoforms and offers a rapid detection of changes in glycosylation profile in 6 min.
A complex garment assembly line balancing using simulation‐based optimization
Authors: Bongomin Ocident , Mwasiagi Josphat Igadwa , Nganyi Eric Oyondi , Nibikora Ildephonse 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe nascent wave of disruptive competition in the current business environment brought about by the fourth industrial revolution (Fashion 4.0 or Apparel 4.0) is enormous. Therefore, it is important for the apparel industry to be flexible enough to respond quickly to the unstable customers' demand through continuous improvement of their process efficiency and productivity. This study proposed assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) for complex garment assembly line using simulation‐based optimization under stochastic task times. The proposed ALBP solution approach aimed at minimizing the cycle time for a given number of workstations with consideration of constraints on number of resources, precedence relations, and resource types. The empirical study was conducted at Southern Range Nyanza Limited (NYTIL) garment facility and a complex trouser assembly line with 69 workstations was considered. The discrete event simulation of the trouser assembly line was developed using Arena simulation software. The local optimal solution was obtained from simulation experiments which was adopted for the optimization process. The OptQuest tool was used to solve a single objective optimization with discrete control values. The results showed that the average throughput increased by 30% for local optimal line balancing and 55% for global optimal line balancing. Consequently, the cycle time reduced by 23% and 36%, respectively.
Impact of replacing overhead lines with aerial bundled cable, and installation of new transformers to reduce losses and improve distribution network voltage profiles, technical and economic analysis
Authors: Abdollahi Rohollah , Moradi Majid , Alizadeh Hossein , Rafiei Abolfazl 
Published: September 2020

AbstractToday, reducing distribution system losses is a top priority in the design and operation of electricity grids. In an electricity grid, a significant percentage of the power and energy generated in power stations is wasted on the way to the transmission system. Losses can occur at all levels of the system's power, namely, production, transmission, and distribution system. The low voltage level, high current level, and radial distribution system structure leads to an increase in the percentage of losses in the distribution sector. For example, in 2018, about 80% of power system losses occurred in distribution systems in Iran. Several methods have been proposed to reduce the losses such as placing capacitors at medium and low voltage levels, reconfiguring the grids, increasing the cross‐section in conductors, and so on in recent years. In this article, two practical and effective solutions to reduce losses in the distribution system are studied and analyzed. The first solution is to install transformers in overload points of the network to reduce technical losses and increase the reliability and stability of the grid and improve voltage profiles, and the second solution is the plan to replace the overhead lines with the aerial bundled cable to reduce nontechnical losses. Sheet 13 of Qom distribution system is considered as a study network in order to investigate and analyze the impact of implementing these two proposed solutions in reducing losses and it also uses the data of data logger device installed in the distribution system as well as the simulation data obtained in the CYMDIST software. In order to more accurately and comprehensively analyze the impact of the proposed solutions on loss reduction, based on the annual load growth in the Qom distribution system, studies are presented for 5 years. Finally, based on two suggested solutions, three scenarios are presented and the effective scenario is identified and the economic justification and duration of return on the effective scenario are presented.
Comorbid depression as a negative predictor of weight gain during treatment of anorexia nervosa: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Eskild‐Jensen Mia , Støving René K. , Flindt Christopher F. , Sjogren Magnus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness with high rates of relapse and mortality. Psychiatric comorbidities are common but their impact on the prognosis is largely unknown.ObjectiveThe aim was to investigate the influence of psychiatric comorbidity on weight gain during treatment of AN.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Studies evaluating psychiatric comorbidity as a predictor for treatment outcome (weight gain) were included, however, comorbid alcohol/drug addiction was excluded from this review.ResultsFour thousand five hundred and twenty six publications were identified from which 15 were included. The majority of the included studies had a prospective open naturalistic study design, a short‐term follow‐up period, and were based on small populations of primarily adolescent and adult women. Four studies indicate depression, and two obsessiveness as negative prognostic factors, whilst one study indicated moderate depression and yet another, neuroticism, as positive predictors for weight gain.DiscussionThe systematic scoping review found a large number of publications whereof only a few directly described the influence of psychiatric comorbidity on weight gain in AN. Overall, studies were heterogeneous in design, purpose and outcome making comparisons difficult. Findings were divergent but depression had a negative influence on weight gain in four studies.
Post‐fire behavior of CFRP retrofitted thin‐walled steel tanks
Authors: Maali Mahyar , Kiliç Mahmut 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThin‐walled shell structures are characterized by a lightweight structural form with high strength. This structure has many applications in various engineering fields and is considered to be a basic tool in the modern industry. This study investigates the effect of CFRP on tanks after post‐fire in order to examine the buckling and post‐buckling of the cylindrical tanks. Herein, post‐fire was introduced at different temperatures (150°C‐600°C). Ten laboratory specimens in two groups with verified temperatures, under external pressure, are examined. The models were designed to demonstrate how repairing steel tanks, which are damaged by fire, by using carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer can recover lost capacity. The results of testing under different theories and codes were compared. This study shows that the initial buckling load of the temperature group increased by 30.82% to 57.09% compared to the temperature without‐CFRP group. The overall buckling load of the temperature group increased by 37.01% to 67.74% compared to the temperature without‐CFRP group. The collapse load of the temperature group increased by 27.04% to 52.64% compared to the temperature without‐CFRP group. And using carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer on models, which are damaged by fire, can be an improvement behavior for the buckling and post‐buckling specimen tests.
Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data
Authors: Brzezinska Dorota , Ollesz Renata , Bryant Paul 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPassenger vehicle fires present a significant fire hazard in enclosed car parks. Accordingly, this hazard is often used as a design fire scenario for the application of fire protection systems. Specific fire protection standards, like NFPA 88A:2019 and NFPA 502:2020 in the United States (US) or BS 7346‐7:2013, NBN 21‐208‐2:2014, VDI 6019‐1:2006, NEN 6098:2010 and ITB 493:2015 in Europe, provide varying requirements for car park fire protection. Car parks fire strategies, especially when smoke control systems are used, often make use of performance‐based methods, in which fire growth (ie, heat release rate [HRR]) plays a fundamental role. The chosen HRR can influence the specification of car park construction and on smoke control system calculations. This article presents a review of 44 full‐scale car fire tests together with Polish and British passenger car fire statistics from the last 8 years. Based on the collected data and the averaged tests, HRR values provided in this article could assist local authorities and stakeholders determine optimal fire safety design criteria for car parks.
Beneficial health effects of Menaquinone‐7 on body composition, glycemic indices, lipid profile, and endocrine markers in polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Authors: Tarkesh Firoozeh , Namavar Jahromi Bahia , Hejazi Najmeh , Tabatabaee Hamidreza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral vitamin K2 (Menaquinone‐7 [MK‐7]) on clinical and biochemical parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, 84 PCOS patients were randomly assigned into the treatment (90 µg Menaquinone‐7 daily for 8 weeks) and placebo groups. Insulin resistance, lipid profile, endocrine biomarkers, and body composition of the participants were measured before and after the intervention. This study was performed in Ghadir Mother & Child Hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.ResultsMenaquinone‐7 supplementation, when compared to placebo, significantly decreased serum fasting insulin (p = .002), homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (p = .002), and homeostasis model of assessment β‐cell function (p = .02) in addition to a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (p = .001). Also, MK‐7 administration led to significant declines in serum triglyceride (p = .003) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT; p = .03) levels, free androgen index (p < .001), waist circumference (p = .03), and body fat mass (p < .001) as well as significant increases in skeletal muscle (p < .001) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG, p < .001).ConclusionsThis study highlights the beneficial effects of MK‐7 on insulin resistance, fat mass, skeletal muscle, and serum levels of triglyceride, DHT, and SHBG in PCOS patients. Therefore, it seems that MK‐7 supplementation might be an appropriate additive treatment for PCOS patients.
Effects of grape and pomegranate waste extracts on poultry carcasses microbial, chemical, and sensory attributes in slaughterhouse
Authors: Dakheli Majid Javanmard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContamination of poultry carcasses is considered as a critical point in the evaluation of poultry meat safety. The present study aimed at determining the decontamination effects of natural antimicrobial derived from grape waste extract and pomegranate waste extract (GWE and PWE) on poultry carcasses in a slaughterhouse. Poultry carcasses were treated in chiller with concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 6% of pomegranate and grape waste extracts. Pomegranate and grape waste extracts contained 432.20 and 328.43 mg GAE/g total phenolic compounds. These extracts showed significant antimicrobial effect on the main poultry bacteria in vitro. On the first day of cold storage, significant reduction in total bacterial counts (p < .05) was observed in treated carcasses. After 3 days of storage time, total bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli reduced significantly (p < .05) compared to untreated samples. At sixth and ninth days of storage time, significant reduction in total volatile nitrogen (TVN), total bacteria counts, Staphylococcus aureus, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were observed. Sensory attributes in treated carcasses with PWE and GWE have been enhanced significantly compared to untreated during acceptable shelf time (p < .05). Based on the results, pomegranate and grape waste extracts can be used to preserve and improve the shelf life of the poultry carcasses close to the standard range until the ninth day of storage. Application of pomegranate and grape waste extracts in slaughterhouse could be considered as an environmentally, natural and safe decontamination intervention in integral food safety system.
Dynamic frontostriatal functional peak connectivity (in alcohol use disorder)
Authors: Gerchen Martin Fungisai , Weiss Franziska , Kirsch Martina , Rentsch Alena , Halli Patrick , Kiefer Falk , Kirsch Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with changes in frontostriatal connectivity, but functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity (FC) approaches are usually not adapted to these circuits. We developed a circuit‐specific fMRI analysis approach to detect dynamic changes in frontostriatal FC inspired by medial‐ventral‐rostral to lateral‐dorsal‐caudal frontostriatal gradients originally identified in nonhuman primate tract‐tracing data. In our PeaCoG (“peak connectivity on a gradient”) approach we use information about the location of strongest FC on empirical frontostriatal connectivity gradients. We have recently described a basic PeaCoG version with conventional FC, and now developed a dynamic PeaCoG approach with sliding‐window FC. In resting state data of n = 66 AUD participants and n = 40 healthy controls we continue here the analyses that we began with the basic version. Our former result of an AUD‐associated ventral shift in right orbitofrontal cortex PeaCoG is consistently detected in the dynamic approach. Temporospatial variability of dynamic PeaCoG in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is reduced in AUD and associated with self‐efficacy to abstain and days of abstinence. Our method has the potential to provide insight into the dynamics of frontostriatal circuits, which has so far been relatively unexplored, and into their role in mental disorders and normal cognition.
Mapping groundwater discharge to a coastal lagoon using combined spatial airborne thermal imaging, radon (222Rn) and multiple physicochemical variables
Authors: Coluccio Katie , Santos Isaac , Jeffrey Luke C. , Katurji Marwan , Coluccio Steve , Morgan Leanne K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoastal lagoons are significant wetland environments found on coastlines throughout the world. Groundwater seepage may be a key component of lagoon water balances, though only a few studies have investigated large (>100 km2) coastal lagoons. In this study, we combined airborne thermal infrared imagery with continuous measurements of radon (222Rn—a natural groundwater tracer), conductivity, water temperature and dissolved oxygen to map groundwater seepage to a large coastal lagoon in New Zealand. We found evidence of seepage along the margins of the lagoon but not away from the margins. Our findings confirmed previously known seepage zones and identified new potential locations of groundwater inflow. Both point source and diffuse seepage occurred on the western and northwestern margins of the lagoon and parallel to the barrier between the lagoon and sea. These observations imply geologic controls on seepage. The combination of remote sensing and in‐situ radon measurements allowed us to effectively map groundwater discharge areas across the entire lagoon. Combined, broad‐scale qualitative methods built confidence in our interpretation of groundwater discharge locations in a large, dynamic coastal lagoon.
Macrophages in the pancreas: Villains by circumstances, not necessarily by actions
Authors: Cruz Andrea F. , Rohban Rokhsareh , Esni Farzad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionMounting evidence suggest that macrophages play crucial roles in disease and tissue regeneration. However, despite much efforts during the past decade, our knowledge about the extent of macrophages' contribution to adult pancreatic regeneration after injury or during pancreatic disease progression is still limited. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that some macrophage features that normally would contribute to healing and regeneration may be detrimental in pancreatic cancer. Altogether, the current literature contains conflicting reports on whether macrophages act as friends or foe in these conditions.Methods and ResultsIn this review, we briefly review the origins of tissue resident and infiltrating macrophages and the importance of cellular crosstalking between macrophages and other resident cells in tissue regeneration. The primary objective of this review is to summarize our knowledge of the distinct roles of tissue resident and infiltrating macrophages, the impact of M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes, and emerging evidence on macrophage crosstalking in pancreatic injury, regeneration, and disease.ConclusionMacrophages are involved with various stages of pancreatic cancer development, pancreatitis, and diabetes. Elucidating their role in these conditions will aid the development of targeted therapeutic treatments.