bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum bikunin isoforms in congenital disorders of glycosylation and linkeropathies
Authors: Haouari Walid , Dubail Johanne , Lounis‐Ouaras Samra , Prada Pierre , Bennani Rizk , Roseau Charles , Huber Céline , Afenjar Alexandra , Colin Estelle , Vuillaumier‐Barrot Sandrine , Seta Nathalie , Foulquier François , Poüs Christian , Cormier‐Daire Valérie , Bruneel Arnaud 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBikunin (Bkn) isoforms are serum chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans synthesized by the liver. They include two light forms, that is, the Bkn core protein and the Bkn linked to the CS chain (urinary trypsin inhibitor [UTI]), and two heavy forms, that is, pro‐α‐trypsin inhibitor and inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor, corresponding to UTI esterified by one or two heavy chains glycoproteins, respectively. We previously showed that the Western‐blot analysis of the light forms could allow the fast and easy detection of patients with linkeropathy, deficient in enzymes involved in the synthesis of the initial common tetrasaccharide linker of glycosaminoglycans. Here, we analyzed all serum Bkn isoforms in a context of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and showed very specific abnormal patterns suggesting potential interests for their screening and diagnosis. In particular, genetic deficiencies in V‐ATPase (ATP6V0A2‐CDG, CCDC115‐CDG, ATP6AP1‐CDG), in Golgi manganese homeostasis (TMEM165‐CDG) and in the N‐acetyl‐glucosamine Golgi transport (SLC35A3‐CDG) all share specific abnormal Bkn patterns. Furthermore, for each studied linkeropathy, we show that the light abnormal Bkn could be further in‐depth characterized by two‐dimensional electrophoresis. Moreover, besides being interesting as a specific biomarker of both CDG and linkeropathies, Bkn isoforms' analyses can provide new insights into the pathophysiology of the aforementioned diseases.
Evaluation of Primary Liver Cancers Using Hepatocyte‐Specific Contrast‐Enhanced MRI: Pitfalls and Potential Tips
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Yoon Jeong Hee , Joo Ijin , Lee Jeong Min 
Published: July 2020

When radiologists interpret hepatic focal lesions seen on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, it is important not only to distinguish malignant lesions from benign ones but also to distinguish nonhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) malignancies from HCCs. In addition, most major guidelines, including those of the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease, European Association for the Study of the Liver, and Korean Liver Cancer Association and National Cancer Center, allow for the noninvasive imaging diagnosis of HCC in at‐risk patients. However, ~40% of HCC cases show atypical imaging features mimicking non‐HCC malignancies. Furthermore, several benign and malignant lesions, such as flash‐filling hemangioma and intrahepatic mass‐forming cholangiocarcinoma, frequently look like HCC. In contrast, although multiparametric MRI options, including hepatobiliary phase and diffusion‐weighted imaging, provide useful information that could help address these challenges, there remain several unresolved issues with regard to the noninvasive diagnostic criteria characterizing HCC. In this article, we discuss the typical imaging features and challenging situations related to primary liver cancers in MRI, while considering how to make a correct diagnosis.Level of Evidence5Technical Efficacy Stage3
Effect of annealing temperature on thermo‐diffusional boron doping of silicon nanowire arrays probed by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Efimova A. I. , Lipkova E. A. , Gonchar K. A. , Presnov D. E. , Eliseev A. A. , Pavlikov A. V. , Timoshenko V. Yu. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractArrays of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with characteristic transverse nanowire size of the order of 100 nm were fabricated by metal‐assisted chemical etching of monocrystalline silicon wafers followed by thermo‐diffusional doping with boron and studied by means of Raman spectroscopy considering the Fano effect related to the free charge carriers (holes) in SiNWs. The hole concentration of the order of 1020 cm−3 was shown to be achieved for SiNWs annealed at 950–1000°C and the peak intensity of Raman scattering of SiNWs dropped exponentially with the increasing free‐hole concentration. The obtained results can be used for the express diagnostics of the electrical properties of silicon nanostructures for applications in optoelectronics, sensorics, and thermoelectric devices.
A three‐phase solvent extraction system combined with deep eutectic solvent‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction of some organochlorine pesticides in cocoa samples prior to gas chromatography with electron capture detection
Authors: Mardani Asghar , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza , Farajzadeh Mir Ali , Mohebbi Ali , Nemati Mahboob , Torbati Mohammadali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA sample pretreatment method based on the combination of a three‐phase solvent extraction system and deep eutectic solvent‐based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction has been introduced for the extraction of four organochlorine pesticides in cocoa samples before their determination by gas chromatography‐electron capture detection. A mixture of sodium chloride, acetonitrile, and potassium hydroxide solution is added to cocoa bean or powder. After vortexing and centrifugation of the mixture, the collected upper phase (acetonitrile) is removed and mixed with a few microliters of N,N‐diethanol ammonium chloride: pivalic acid deep eutectic solvent. Then it is rapidly injected into deionized water and a cloudy solution is obtained. Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection and quantification were found to be 0.011‐0.031 and 0.036‐0.104 ng/g, respectively. The obtained extraction recoveries varied between 74 and 92%. Also, intra‐ (n = 6) and interday (n = 4) precisions were less than or equal to 7.1% for the studied pesticides at a concentration of 0.3 ng/g of each analyte. The suggested method was applied to determine the studied organochlorine pesticide residues in various cocoa powders and beans gathered from groceries in Tabriz city (Iran) and aldrin and dichlobenil were found in some of them.
Women in Otolaryngology: Experiences of Being Female in the Specialty
Authors: Lawlor Claire , Kawai Kosuke , Tracy Lauren , Sobin Lindsay , Kenna Margaret 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesA broad survey of women otolaryngologists on the current state of the field, including opportunities for advancement, support of family leave, and prevalence of harassment, has not been performed since 1998. An update on the experiences of female otolaryngologists is vital to continue to advance the specialty.Study DesignAnonymous web‐based survey.MethodsSurvey of members of the Women in Otolaryngology (WIO) section of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (all members of the AAO‐HNS that identify as female are automatically members of this section). Distributed via AAO‐HNS.ResultsFive hundred thirty‐five responses out of 2303 total WIO members (response rate of 23.2%). Respondents ranged in age from 25 to >65 years. Respondents reported that in the residency programs they attended, 29% of residents, 13% of faculty, and 7% of department leaders were women. Forty‐four percent disagreed that their department leaders and 39% disagreed that their male co‐residents were supportive of women starting families in training. Younger respondents were more likely to feel that their department leaders were supportive of female residents, maternity leave, etc. Harassment in the current work environment did not differ by age; 53% reported harassment‐free, 31% subtle undertones, 8% noticeable tones, 2% significant harassment. Harassment in the workplace varied by region; the greatest level of harassment was in the Midwest.ConclusionsWomen otolaryngologists continue to experience harassment in the workplace. It is encouraging that younger otolaryngologists feel more supported by their departments in both their careers and their personal lives. This survey highlights critical areas for continued growth within our specialty.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 131:E380–E387, 2021
Corrosion behavior of UCX, KHR35, and KHR45 alloys in molten nitrates
Authors: Brito‐Hernandez Daniel , Lopez‐Sesenes Roy , Haro Sergio , Porcayo‐Calderon Jesus , Gonzalez‐Rodriguez Jose G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of three high‐Ni, high‐Cr alloys, that is, UCX, KHR35, and KHR45 alloys, in a mixture of 60% NaNO3–40% KNO3 at 600°C has been evaluated by using weight loss tests, potentiodynamic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Cr contents ranged between 23.25 and 43.2 wt.%, whereas Ni ranged between 36.6 and 50.3 wt.%. For comparison, the same studies were performed on 304‐type stainless steel (304SS). Tests were complemented with detailed scanning electronic microscope and X‐ray diffraction studies. Results showed that that the three high‐Ni, high‐Cr alloys had lower weight loss than that for 304SS. Polarization tests indicated the formation of a passive layer in all cases. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data have shown that the corrosion mechanism for all the alloys was charge transfer from the alloy to the molten salt. Finally, X‐ray patterns showed the presence of Cr2O3 in all tested alloys, which is responsible for the observed passive behavior and their corrosion resistance.
Effects of a person‐centred and thriving‐promoting intervention on nursing home staff job satisfaction: A multi‐centre, non‐equivalent controlled before–after study
Authors: Vassbø Tove Karin , Bergland Ådel , Kirkevold Marit , Lindkvist Marie , Lood Qarin , Sandman Per‐Olof , Sjögren Karin , Edvardsson David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of a person‐centred and thriving‐promoting intervention in nursing homes on staff job satisfaction, stress of conscience and the person‐centredness of care and of the environment.DesignA multi‐centre, non‐equivalent control group, before–after trial design.MethodsStaff (N = 341) from six nursing homes in Australia, Norway and Sweden were assigned to the intervention or the control group and both groups were evaluated before the intervention, immediately after and by 6 months follow‐up. Staff completed a questionnaire about job satisfaction (primary endpoint), stress of conscience and the person‐centredness of care and of the environment (secondary endpoints). Linear regression models were used to identify the mean scores and to analyse group differences to test the effects of the intervention.ResultsThe intervention had no statistically significant effects on staff job satisfaction, level of stress of conscience or the perceived person‐centredness of care and of the environment.
Metabolic Implications of Exposure to Light at Night: Lessons from Animal and Human Studies
Authors: Fleury Giulia , Masís‐Vargas Anayanci , Kalsbeek Andries 
Published: July 2020

Lately, the incidence of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes has shown a staggering increase. To prevent and treat these conditions, one must look at their etiology. As life on earth has evolved under the conditions of nature’s 24‐hour light/dark cycle, it seems likely that exposure to artificial light at night (LAN) would affect physiology. Indeed, ample evidence has shown that LAN impacts many metabolic parameters, at least partly via the biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. This review focuses on the impact of chronic and acute effects of LAN of different wavelengths on locomotor activity, food intake, the sleep/wake cycle, body temperature, melatonin, glucocorticoids, and glucose and lipid metabolism. While chronic LAN disturbs daily rhythms in these parameters, experiments using short‐term LAN exposure also have shown acute negative effects in metabolically active peripheral tissues. Experiments using LAN of different wavelengths not only have indicated an important role for melanopsin, the photopigment found in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, but also provided evidence that each wavelength may have a specific impact on energy metabolism. Importantly, exposure to LAN has been shown to impact glucose homeostasis also in humans and to be associated with an increased incidence of overweight, obesity, and atherosclerosis.
Metabolic Effects of Light at Night are Time‐ and Wavelength‐Dependent in Rats
Authors: Masís‐Vargas Anayanci , Ritsema Wayne I.G.R. , Mendoza Jorge , Kalsbeek Andries 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveIntrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells are most sensitive to short wavelengths and reach brain regions that modulate biological rhythms and energy metabolism. The increased exposure nowadays to artificial light at night (ALAN), especially short wavelengths, perturbs our synchronization with the 24‐hour solar cycle. Here, the time‐ and wavelength dependence of the metabolic effects of ALAN are investigated.MethodsMale Wistar rats were exposed to white, blue, or green light at different time points during the dark phase. Locomotor activity, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and food intake were recorded. Brains, livers, and blood were collected.ResultsAll wavelengths decreased locomotor activity regardless of time of exposure, but changes in energy expenditure were dependent on the time of exposure. Blue and green light reduced RER at Zeitgeber time 16‐18 without changing food intake. Blue light increased period 1 (Per1) gene expression in the liver, while green and white light increased Per2. Blue light decreased plasma glucose and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) expression in the liver. All wavelengths increased c‐Fos activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but blue and green light decreased c‐Fos activity in the paraventricular nucleus.ConclusionsALAN affects locomotor activity, energy expenditure, RER, hypothalamic c‐Fos expression, and expression of clock and metabolic genes in the liver depending on the time of day and wavelength.
The wrinkling concept applied to plasma‐deposited polymer‐like thin films: A promising method for the fabrication of flexible electrodes
Authors: Thiry Damien , Vinx Nathan , Damman Pascal , Aparicio Francisco J. , Tessier Pierre‐Yves , Moerman David , Leclère Philippe , Godfroid Thomas , Desprez Sylvain , Snyders Rony 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this communication, we report on an innovative solvent‐free method that allows for the design of nano‐/micropatterns with tuneable dimensions. Our approach is based on the spontaneous wrinkling phenomenon taking place in a bilayer system formed by a mechanically responsive bottom plasma polymer layer and a top aluminum thin film. The dimensions of the wrinkles can be adjusted in a wide range (i.e., from nanometer to micrometer range) by modulating the cross‐linking density as well as the thickness of the plasma polymer layer. Finally, it is demonstrated that these wrinkled surfaces could efficiently be used as flexible electrodes. The whole set of our data unambiguously reveals the attractiveness of our method for the fabrication of the micro‐/nanopattern with dimensions on demand.
Origin, selection, and spread of diamide insecticide resistance allele in field populations of diamondback moth in east and southeast Asia
Authors: Uesugi Ryuji , Jouraku Akiya , Sukonthabhirom na Pattalung Suprada , Hinomoto Norihide , Kuwazaki Seigo , Kanamori Hiroyuki , Katayose Yuichi , Sonoda Shoji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe investigation of molecular mechanisms and evolution of resistance to insecticides is an ongoing challenge, as researchers must provide guidance to manage the resistance to achieve sustainable production in agriculture. Predicting, monitoring, and managing insecticide resistance requires information on the origins, selection, and spread of resistance genes. The resistance of Plutella xylostella (L.) against diamide insecticides is becoming an increasingly severe problem in east and southeast Asia. In this study, the evolution of resistance was investigated using a resistance allele [ryanodine receptor (RyR); G4946E mutation] and its flanking regions, as well as mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI).RESULTSThe sequences of the flanking region of the G4946E and mtCOI suggested that the G4946E mutation has a key role in resistance. Furthermore, the G4946E mutation has multiple origins, and congenic resistant mutations have spread across east and southeast Asia, despite substantial geographical barriers. In addition, the susceptibility of field populations partially recovered during winter, based on the observed decrease in the G4946E (resistant allele) frequency. Finally, the resistance level indexed by the frequency of the E4946 allele was significantly lower in non‐overwintering regions than in overwintering regions.CONCLUSIONThe information of the present study is useful to monitor resistance using molecular markers and to develop strategies to delay the evolution of diamide resistance.
On developing an exponentially weighted moving average chart under progressive setup: An efficient approach to manufacturing processes
Authors: Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Akhtar Noureen , Riaz Muhammad , Abid Muhammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart is a memory chart that is widely used in process monitoring to spot small and persistent disturbances in the process parameter(s). This chart requires normality of the quality characteristic(s) of interest and a smaller choice of smoothing parameter. Any deviations from these conditions affect its performance in terms of efficiency and robustness. For the said two concerns, this study develops a new mixed EWMA chart under progressive setup (mixed EWMA–progressive mean [MEP] chart). The proposed MEP chart combines the advantages of robustness (under nonnormal scenarios) and high sensitivity to small and persistent shifts in the process mean. The performance of the proposed MEP control chart is evaluated in terms of average run length and some other characteristics of run length distribution. The assessment of the proposed chart is made under standard normal, student's t, gamma, Laplace, logistic, exponential, contaminated normal and lognormal distributions. The performance of the proposed MEP chart is also compared with some existing competitors including the classical EWMA, the classical cumulative sum (CUSUM), the homogenously weighted moving average, the mixed EWMA–CUSUM, the mixed CUSUM–EWMA and the double EWMA charts. The analysis reveals that the proposal of this study offers a superior design structure relative to its competing counterparts. An application from substrates manufacturing process (in which flow width of the resist is the key quality characteristic) is also provided in the study.
Planning constant‐stress accelerated life tests with multiple stresses based on D‐optimal design
Authors: Zhang Xiangxiang , Yang Jun , Kong Xuefeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the rapid technological advances, products are becoming more reliable. Then, multistress accelerated life testing (MALT) has been adopted in engineering to obtain failure information in a limited time. In order to make the testing procedure more efficient, it is necessary to better design the test plan. However, to date, relevant research on planning of MALT is limited. Multiple stresses will lead to plenty of stress‐level combinations that require too much cost and time to implement. Besides, there may be interactions among multiple stresses, which need more experiments for parameter estimation. To solve these problems, we propose a novel planning method for constant‐stress MALT under lognormal distribution using D‐optimal design, which can reduce required test points efficiently and deal with second‐order effects in models. In ALT, the log‐linear model is often used to describe the life‐stress relationship. Hence, D‐optimal design is adopted in this paper to select test points from the whole test region. Then, optimal unit allocation plans are formulated under V/D‐optimality criterion, respectively, where type I and type II censoring are both discussed. A real case of light‐emitting device (LED) is presented to compare the proposed approach with other two existing methods. The results show that the proposed method performs better than other two existing methods both in prediction accuracy and estimation precision. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis reveals the robustness of the optimal plans determined by the proposed method.
Entrepreneurship in emerging economies
Authors: Foo Maw‐Der , Vissa Balagopal , Wu Brian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryThe economic center of gravity is shifting from mature markets to emerging regions. This shift provides a good opportunity to broaden and deepen our theoretical base of concepts and frameworks because emerging and mature regions differ significantly in their institutional regimes. Hence entrepreneurial resource mobilization in emerging regions could differ significantly because of theoretical differences in actors' action logics and resource governance. The eight papers in this special issue provide new empirical evidence on antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial resource mobilization efforts in emerging regions. Here, we briefly summarize the state of the field, introduce the articles by situating them in a novel theoretical framework on entrepreneurial resource mobilization, and finally using our framework, we suggest opportunities for future research on entrepreneurship in emerging regions.Managerial SummaryEntrepreneurship research has advanced mainly using empirical data from the developed economies of North America and Western Europe. Because emerging economies differ markedly in their institutional development from developed economies, this prior research is less likely to be useful to understand entrepreneurship in emerging regions ‐ which are increasingly crucial components of the global economy. This special issue contains eight articles addressing different aspects of the entrepreneurial resource mobilization process using diverse research methods on empirical data drawn from a broad range of emerging economies. This introduction describes the state of the field prior to the special issue, introduces the special issue articles and identifies topics that still need further investigation. We distill the current state of knowledge and offer a roadmap for future scholarship.
Embedding Ethical Impact Assessment in Nanosafety Decision Support
Authors: Malsch Ineke , Isigonis Panagiotis , Dusinska Maria , Bouman Evert A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanotechnology is a key enabling technology, which is developing fast and influences many aspects of life. Nanomaterials are already included in a broad range of products and industrial sectors. Nanosafety issues are still a matter of concern for policy makers and stakeholders, but currently, there is no platform where all stakeholders can meet and discuss these issues. A comprehensive overview of all the issues in one single dashboard presenting the output of a decision support system is also lacking. This article outlines a strategy for developing one innovative part of a modular decision support system, designed to support the work of a new Risk Governance Council (RGC) for nanomaterials which will be established through the combined efforts of the GOV4NANO, NANORIGO, and RiskGONE H2020 projects. This new module will consist of guidelines for Ethical Impact Assessment (EIA) for nanomaterials and nanoenabled products. This article offers recommendations for adapting the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) prestandard on Ethical Impact Assessment CWA (CEN Workshop Agreement) 17145‐2:2017 (E), to fit into the more‐encompassing decision support system for risk governance of nanomaterials within the RiskGONE project.