bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory determination of $$\varvec{\bar{B}\rightarrow D^{(*)}\ell ^-\bar{\nu }}$$ form factors at $$\varvec{\mathcal {O}(1/m_c^2)}$$
Authors: Bordone Marzia , Jung Martin , van Dyk Danny 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe carry out an analysis of the full set of ten $$\bar{B}\rightarrow D^{(*)}$$B¯→D(∗) form factors within the framework of the Heavy-Quark Expansion (HQE) to order $$\mathcal {O}\left( \alpha _s,\,1/m_b,\,1/m_c^2\right) $$Oαs,1/mb,1/mc2, both with and without the use of experimental data. This becomes possible due to a recent calculation of these form factors at and beyond the maximal physical recoil using QCD light-cone sum rules, in combination with constraints from lattice QCD, QCD three-point sum rules and unitarity. We find good agreement amongst the various theoretical results, as well as between the theoretical results and the kinematical distributions in $$\bar{B}\rightarrow D^{(*)}\lbrace e^-,\mu ^-\rbrace \bar{\nu }$$B¯→D(∗){e-,μ-}ν¯ measurements. The coefficients entering at the $$1/m_c^2$$1/mc2 level are found to be of $$\mathcal {O}(1)$$O(1), indicating convergence of the HQE. The phenomenological implications of our study include an updated exclusive determination of $$|V_{cb}|$$|Vcb| in the HQE, which is compatible with both the exclusive determination using the BGL parametrization and with the inclusive determination. We also revisit predictions for the lepton-flavour universality ratios $$R_{D^{(*)}}$$RD(∗), the $$\tau $$τ polarization observables $$P_\tau ^{D^{(*)}}$$PτD(∗), and the longitudinal polarization fraction $$F_L$$FL. Posterior samples for the HQE parameters are provided as ancillary files, allowing for their use in subsequent studies.
Parking 3-sphere swimmer: II. The long-arm asymptotic regime
Authors: Alouges François , Di Fratta Giovanni 
Published: January 2020

Abstract.
The paper carries on our previous investigations on the complementary version of Purcell’s rotator (sPr3): a low-Reynolds-number swimmer composed of three balls of equal radii. In the asymptotic regime of very long arms, the Stokes-induced governing dynamics is derived, and then experimented in the context of energy-minimizing self-propulsion characterized in the first part of the paper.

Graphical abstract
Scheduling of space to ground quantum key distribution
Authors: Polnik Mateusz , Mazzarella Luca , Di Carlo Marilena , Oi Daniel KL , Riccardi Annalisa , Arulselvan Ashwin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSatellite-based platforms are currently the only feasible way of achieving intercontinental range for quantum communication, enabling thus the future global quantum internet. Recent demonstrations by the Chinese spacecraft Micius have spurred an international space race and enormous interest in the development of both scientific and commercial systems. Research efforts so far have concentrated upon in-orbit demonstrations involving a single satellite and one or two ground stations. Ultimately satellite quantum key distribution should enable secure network communication between multiple nodes, which requires efficient scheduling of communication with the set of ground stations. Here we present a study of how satellite quantum key distribution can service many ground stations taking into account realistic constraints such as geography, operational hours, and most importantly, weather conditions. The objective is to maximise the number of keys a set of ground stations located in the United Kingdom could share while simultaneously reflecting the communication needs of each node and its relevance in the network. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear optimisation program and solved to a desired optimality gap using a state of the art solver. The approach is presented using a simulation run throughout six years to investigate the total number of keys that can be sent to ground stations.
The Structural, Electronic, Optical and Thermo-Electric Properties of Oxynitride Perovskite CaTaO2N
Authors: Hocine K. , Cheref O. , Bettine K. , Rached D. , Benalia S. , Rabah M. , Benkhettou N. , Rached H. 
Published: January 2020

In this study, we carried out ab-initio calculations of structural, electronic, optical and thermo-electric properties of CaTaO2N compound in Pnma orthorhombic structure, using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW), within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The calculated structural parameters are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Moreover, we have studied the electronic band structure, total and partial density of states in order to explain the origin of band gaps and the nitrogen anion contribution in the valence and the conduction bands. The CaTaO2N band structure has shown a direct band gap in the direction [Formula: see text] (with the value 2.32[Formula: see text]eV). The optical properties represented by the dielectric functions for CaTaO2N compound have revealed that the Pnma structure absorbs the light at a large window in the edge UV-Vis regions. In order to explain the thermo-electric properties, we have calculated Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and the factor figure of merit in this temperature range 100–1000 K. The factor figure of mérit (ZT) of CaTaO2N takes a maximum value of 0.775 at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]K.
Osteosynthesis of Postosteomyelitic Forearm Defects in Children Using a Modified Bone Grafting Technique: The Fibular Intramedullary Bridging Bone and Additional Grafting (FIBBAG)
Authors: Agarwal Anil , Raj Rahul Yogendra , Gupta Shobhit , Shanker Mukesh 
Published: January 2020

Background: There are many options to treat post osteomyelitic gaps in forearm bones. We report a pediatric series with postosteomyelitic forearm segmental defects reconstructed with fibular only graft: the non vascular fibular intramedullary bridging bone and additional grafting (FIBBAG) and the results thereof. Methods: Outcomes in 8 patients treated with fibular strut and overlay matchstick grafts were retrospectively assessed. The clinical results were expressed as forearm shortening, range of motion at elbow and wrist joint. The radiological evaluation included time to union, presence of fractures and recurrence of infection, if any. Results: The average patient age was 6 years (range, 3–12 years). The radius was involved in 6 and ulna in 2. Union occurred in all patients. The average intraoperative gap to be spanned was 5.86 cm (range, 3–14 cm). The average time for union was 6.63 months (range, 2–14 months). Two patients required additional bone grafting procedures. No graft fatigues/fractures were noted in available follow up. There was no recurrence of infection in any case. A positive ulnar variance was seen in 3 patients at follow up. Forearm shortening was a major cosmetic limitation following the procedure. Conclusions: Fibular strut and additional bone grafting (FIBBAG) is one of the viable options for reconstruction of post osteomyelitic forearm defects in children with low procedural complication rate.
Desigualdad y la primavera chilena
Authors: Valdés Rodrigo 
Published: January 2020

Señor Editor, Son varias las hipótesis que, ex post, podrían explicar qué está detrás de las revueltas que se iniciaron el 14 de octubre de 2019. Casi con certeza el fenómeno es multicausal, pero vale la pena intentar asignar el grado de relevancia a algunas de las explicaciones. Un primer supuesto que se escucha es que habríamos tenido altas expectativas insatisfechas, producto del bajo crecimiento económico de los últimos 5 años. La idea tiene cierto asidero considerando que el PIB per capita subió apenas 1% por año durante este periodo, muy por debajo si se compara con los 25 años antes del 2015. De hecho, en 2018 fue primera vez que el ingreso mediano de las familias que mide el INE cayó desde que existe la encuesta respectiva. Ni siquiera lo hizo en la recesión de 2009.
Navigating the Ship of Theseus from typology to cartography
Authors: LONGINO JOHN T. 
Published: January 2020

Taxonomy is the business of describing and naming organismal diversity. What that means exactly must shift as our conceptual framework shifts (as it did during the time of Darwin) and as what we are able to see shifts as a result of technological assists. We are at a moment of profound conceptual and technological change. Here I give some personal thoughts on three top questions in taxonomy. Are traditional naming conventions compatible with massive cryptic genetic discontinuity? Can we agree on what we are delimiting and naming? Can we excite public interest without typology?
The Extended-Range Tornado Activity Forecast (ERTAF) Project
Authors: Gensini Vittorio A. , Barrett Bradford S. , Allen John T. , Gold David , Sirvatka Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarge-scale weather patterns favorable for tornado occurrence have been understood for many decades. Yet prediction of tornadoes, especially at extended lead periods of more than a few days, remains an arduous task, partly due to the space and time scales involved. Recent research has shown that tropical convection, sea surface temperatures, and the Earth-relative atmospheric angular momentum can induce jet stream configurations that may increase or decrease the probability of tornado frequency across the United States. Applying this recent theoretical work in practice, on 1 March 2015, the authors began the Extended-Range Tornado Activity Forecast (ERTAF) project, with the following goals: 1) to have a map room–style discussion of the anticipated atmospheric state in the 2–3-week lead window; 2) to predict categorical level of tornado activity in that lead window; and 3) to learn from the forecasts through experience by identifying strengths and weaknesses in the methods, as well as identifying any potential scientific knowledge gaps. Over the last five years, the authors have shown skill in predicting U.S. tornado activity two to three weeks in advance during boreal spring. Unsurprisingly, skill is shown to be greater for forecasts spanning week 2 versus week 3. This manuscript documents these forecasting efforts, provides verification statistics, and shares the challenges and lessons learned from predicting tornado activity on the subseasonal time scale.
Creating a Disaggregated CGE Model for Trade Policy Analysis: GTAP-MVH
Authors: Dixon Peter B. , Rimmer Maureen , Tran Nhi 
Published: January 2020

Thousands of economists spread across almost every country use the GTAP model to analyse trade policies including trade wars and trade agreements. GTAP has an impressive regional coverage (140 countries), but the standard commodity coverage (57 commodities/industries) can cause frustration when tariffs on narrowly defined products are being negotiated. This article sets out a method for disaggregating commodities/industries in computable general equilibrium models such as GTAP and applies it to GTAP’s motor vehicle sector. The method makes use of readily available highly disaggregated trade data supplemented by detailed input–output data where available and data from a variety of other sources such as commercial market reports. JEL Codes: C68, F13, F14, F17
Circumnavigating the world of quality and patient safety: a compendium of highlights and perspectives
Authors: El-Farargy Nancy 
Published: January 2020

Background In the UK, estimates suggest that approximately 10% of hospital admissions and 1–2% of primary care consultations result in some sort of adverse event. Globally, medication errors cost approximately US$42 billion annually, and 15% of total health spending in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries is used to deal with adverse events. Method Stemming from the Glasgow 2019 British Medical Journal and Institute for Healthcare Improvement International Forum on Quality and Safety in Healthcare (‘People Make Change’), a review of workforce characteristics, the psychology of change and design thinking in healthcare is presented. The concept of personalised care is also discussed. Conclusion In the last decade, the National Health Service in Scotland has undergone major reform around the integration of health and social care. In tandem with this, there have been a range of national initiatives to support patient safety and quality improvement. Moving forward, there is an increasing realisation of how service design, digital technologies and a national digitised infrastructure can improve services. Implications highlight the role of workforce development and in embedding design thinking in service organisation. This review article therefore presents an anthology of highlights and perspectives in improving healthcare quality and patient safety.
Mechanisms of Acute Knee Injuries in Bouldering and Rock Climbing Athletes
Authors: Lutter Christoph , Tischer Thomas , Cooper Carrie , Frank Luisa , Hotfiel Thilo , Lenz Robert , Schöffl Volker 
Published: January 2020

Background: There is limited insight into the mechanisms of knee injuries in rock climbing and bouldering in noncompetitive and competitive athletes. Purpose: To examine the traumatic mechanisms of injury, demographics, distribution, and severity of knee injuries in affected athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: During a 4-year period, we performed a retrospective multicenter analysis of acute knee injuries in competitive and noncompetitive climbing athletes. Traumatic mechanisms were inquired and severity levels, therapies, and outcomes recorded with visual analog scale, Tegner, Lysholm, and climbing-specific outcome scores. Results: Within the observation period, 71 patients (35% competitive athletes, 65% noncompetitive athletes) with 77 independent acute knee injuries were recorded. Four trauma mechanisms were identified: high step (20.8%), drop knee (16.9%), heel hook (40.3%), and (ground) fall (22.1%). The leading structural damage was a medial meniscal tear (28.6%), found significantly more often in the noncompetitive group. A specific climbing injury is iliotibial band strain during the heel hook position. Most injuries resulted from indoor bouldering (46.8%). Surgical procedures were predominantly necessary in noncompetitive climbers. One year after the injury, the Tegner score was 5.9 ± 0.8 (mean ± SD; range, 3-7); the Lysholm score was 97 ± 4.8 (range, 74-100); and the climbing-specific outcome score was 4.8 ± 0.6 (range, 2-5). Conclusion: Increased attention should be placed on the climber’s knee, especially given the worldwide rise of indoor bouldering. Sport-specific awareness and training programs for noncompetitive and competitive climbing athletes to reduce knee injuries should be developed, and sports medical supervision is mandatory.
Elevated 1-h postload plasma glucose levels identify coronary heart disease patients with greater severity of coronary artery lesions and higher risk of 1-year re-admission
Authors: Cao Lifei , Wang Ping , Luan Hui , Chen Hui , Luo Chaodi , Zhu Danjun , Tian Gang 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To investigate the relationship of 1-h postload plasma glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test with the severity of coronary artery lesions and risk of 1-year re-admission in coronary heart disease patients with normal glucose tolerance. Methods: A total of 266 consecutive coronary heart disease patients who underwent coronary angiography and had normal glucose tolerance confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test during hospitalization were prospectively enrolled and followed in two groups according to the 1-h postload plasma glucose cut-off point (1-h postload plasma glucose <155 mg/dL, n = 149 and 1-h postload plasma glucose ⩾155 mg/dL, n = 117). Angiographic severity was assessed by number of diseased vessels, lesion morphology and Gensini score. The risk of 1-year re-admission with adverse cardiovascular events after discharge was analysed. Results: Subjects with a 1-h postload plasma glucose ⩾155 mg/dL had higher incidence of multivessel disease and complex lesions, Gensini score and risk of 1-year re-admission than subjects with a 1-h postload plasma glucose <155 mg/dL (all p < 0.05). In the stepwise multivariate regression analysis, 1-h postload plasma glucose was the major determinant of the Gensini score. Subgroup analyses by sex showed that men with a 1-h postload plasma glucose ⩾155 mg/dL had higher incidence of complex lesions and risk of 1-year re-admission than men with a 1-h postload plasma glucose <155 mg/dL (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Coronary heart disease patients with normal glucose tolerance and elevated 1-h postload plasma glucose levels had a greater severity of coronary artery lesions and an increased risk of re-admission with adverse cardiovascular events, particularly in men.
C5-8 neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Operative findings, reconstructive strategy and outcome
Authors: Lombard Aude , Bachy Manon , Fitoussi Frank 
Published: January 2020

From 1998 to 2014, we performed primary brachial plexus repair in 260 children with neonatal brachial plexus palsy. Thirty-three presented with a C5-8 palsy and 24 were reviewed for this study. The surgical strategy was to focus on repairing the upper trunk. Secondary surgical procedures were performed in 21 patients, mainly for shoulder external rotation deficit or weak wrist extension. After a mean follow-up of 9.7 years (range 3 to 19), the median Mallet score for the shoulder was 9.5 and the mean Raimondi score for the hand was 3.3. Median active movement scale was 5, 7 and 5.5 for the deltoid, biceps and triceps, respectively. We conclude that primary C5-8 brachial plexus reconstruction provides restoration of elbow flexion and most patients have a sensitive and functional hand. We also found that secondary surgery to improve shoulder and wrist function is often necessary, which should initially be explained to the family. Level of evidence: IV
Personalized risk prediction of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after stroke thrombolysis using a machine-learning model
Authors: Wang Feng , Huang Yuanhanqing , Xia Yong , Zhang Wei , Fang Kun , Zhou Xiaoyu , Yu Xiaofei , Cheng Xin , Li Gang , Wang Xiaoping , Luo Guojun , Wu Danhong , Liu Xueyuan , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Dong Qiang , Zhao Yuwu 
Published: January 2020

Background: Personalized prediction of the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) after stroke thrombolysis is clinically useful. Machine-learning-based modeling may provide the personalized prediction of the risk of sICH after stroke thrombolysis. Methods: We identified 2578 thrombolysis-treated ischemic stroke patients between January 2013 and December 2016 from a multicenter database, where 70% were used to train models and the remaining 30% were used as the nominal test sets. Another 136 consecutive tissue plasminogen-activated-treated patients between January 2017 and December 2017 from our institute were enrolled as the independent test sets for clinical usability evaluation. Five machine-learning models were developed to predict the risk of sICH after stroke thrombolysis, and the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) was used to compare the prediction performance. Results: In total, 2237 cases were included in our study, of which 102 had sICH transformation (4.56%). Finally, the three-layer neuro network was selected with the best performance on nominal test sets (AUC = 0.82). The probability of the model score was further categorized into three risk ranks (18.97%, 5.63%, and 0.81%) according to the risk distribution. Implementing our system in clinical practice was associated with reduced computed tomography (CT)-to-treatment time (CTT; 41 min versus 52 min, p < 0.001). All sICH patients were correctly predicted to be within the high-sICH risk rank. Conclusions: The machine-learning-based modeling is feasible for providing personalized risk prediction of sICH after stroke thrombolysis, and is able to reduce the CTT. More data are needed to further optimize the model and improve the accuracy of prediction.
Cost-utility of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest
Authors: Jäämaa-Holmberg Salla , Salmela Birgitta , Suojaranta Raili , Lemström Karl B , Lommi Jyri 
Published: January 2020

Background:The use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiogenic shock keeps increasing, but its cost-utility is unknown.Methods:We studied retrospectively the cost-utility of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a five-year cohort of consequent patients treated due to refractory cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest in a transplant centre in 2013–2017. In our centre, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is considered for all cardiogenic shock patients potentially eligible for heart transplantation, and for selected postcardiotomy patients. We assessed the costs of the index hospitalization and of the one-year hospital costs, and the patients’ health-related quality of life (response rate 71.7%). Based on the data and the population-based life expectancies, we calculated the amount and the costs of quality-adjusted life years gained both without discount and with an annual discount of 3.5%.Results:The cohort included 102 patients (78 cardiogenic shock; 24 cardiac arrest) of whom 67 (65.7%) survived to discharge and 66 (64.7%) to one year. The effective costs per one hospital survivor were 242,303€. Median in-hospital costs of the index hospitalization per patient were 129,967€ (interquartile range 150,340€). Mean predicted number of quality-adjusted life years gained by the treatment was 20.9 (standard deviation 9.7) without discount, and the median cost per quality-adjusted life year was 7474€ (interquartile range 10,973€). With the annual discount of 3.5%, 13.0 (standard deviation 4.8) quality-adjusted life years were gained with the cost of 12,642€ per quality-adjusted life year (interquartile range 15,059€).Conclusions:We found the use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in refractory cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest justified from the cost-utility point of view in a transplant centre setting.
A randomised double-blind pilot trial comparing a mean arterial pressure target of 65 mm Hg versus 72 mm Hg after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Grand Johannes , Meyer Anna SP , Kjaergaard Jesper , Wiberg Sebastian , Thomsen Jakob H , Frydland Martin , Ostrowski Sisse R , Johansson Pär I , Hassager Christian 
Published: January 2020

Background:
After resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, mean arterial pressure below 65 mm Hg is avoided with vasopressors. A higher blood-pressure target could potentially improve outcome. The aim of this pilot trial was to investigate the effect of a higher mean arterial pressure target on biomarkers of organ injury.

Methods:
This was a single-centre, double-blind trial of 50 consecutive, comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a mean arterial pressure target of 65 mm Hg (MAP65) or 72 mm Hg (MAP72). Modified blood pressure modules with a –10% offset were used, enabling a double-blind study design. End-points were biomarkers of organ injury including markers of endothelial integrity (soluble trombomodulin) brain damage (neuron-specific enolase) and renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate).

Results:
Mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in MAP72 with a mean difference of 5 mm Hg (pgroup=0.03). After 48 h, soluble trombomodulin (median (interquartile range)) was 8.2 (6.7–12.9) ng/ml and 8.3 (6.0–10.8) ng/ml (p=0.29), neuron-specific enolase was 20 (13–31 μg/l) and 18 (13–44 μg/l) p=0.79) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (mean (±standard deviation)) was 61±19 ml/min/1.73m2 and 48±22 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p=0.08) for the MAP72 and MAP65 groups, respectively. Renal replacement therapy was needed in eight patients (31%) in MAP65 and three patients (13%) in MAP72 (p=0.14).

Conclusions:
Double-blind allocation to different mean arterial pressure targets is feasible in comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. A mean arterial pressure target of 72 mm Hg compared to 65 mm Hg did not result in improved biomarkers of organ injury. We observed a trend towards preserved renal function in the MAP72 group.