bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: Preoperative and neurocognitive considerations for perioperative management
Authors: Chandrakantan Arvind , Musso Mary F. , Floyd Thomas , Adler Adam C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects up to 7.5% of the pediatric population and is associated with a variety of behavioral and neurocognitive sequelae. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is critical to halting and potentially reversing these changes. Depending on the severity of the OSA and comorbid conditions, different treatment paradigms can be pursued, each of which has its own unique risk:benefit ratio. Adenotonsillectomy is first‐line recommended surgical treatment for pediatric OSA. However, it carries its own perioperative risks and the decision regarding surgical timing is therefore made in the context of procedural risk versus patient benefit. This article presents the seminal perioperative and neurocognitive risks from pediatric OSA to aid with perioperative management.
Dynamic QTL mapping for plant height in the hybrid population of Agropyron Gaertn.
Authors: Che Yonghe , Song Nan , Yang Yanping , Yang Xinming , Zhang Yan , Zhang Jinpeng , Han Haiming , Li Xiuquan , Zhou Shenghui , Li Lihui , Liu Weihua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlant height (PH) plays a very important role for plant breeding and also serves as a model trait to dynamic development study. The dynamic quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for PH of Agropyron Gaertn. was carried out in a cross‐pollination (CP) hybrid population of A. Gaertn. based on the phenotypic data of PH at different developmental stages in four year‐sites and the constructed single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic map. The results showed that 69 QTL and nine major QTL were detected by unconditional QTL mapping. A total of 107 QTL and 13 major QTL were found using conditional QTL mapping. Forty‐seven QTL were detected by two methods. Two unconditional QTL, Qph2‐5 and Qph3‐4, were expressed as major and stable QTL for PH. Four major stable conditional QTL for PH, cQph4‐1, cQph4‐8, cQph6‐2 and cQph6‐7, were detected. Two conditional PH QTL, cQph3‐5 and cQPh3‐7, were identified in four environments over multiple stages. The gene/QTL controlling PH was expressed in a certain spatiotemporal manner. These results could also provide a reference for genetic and breeding research of related plant.
A single gene transfer of gibberellin biosynthesis gene cluster increases gibberellin production in a Fusarium fujikuroi strain with gibberellin low producibility
Authors: Bao WanXue , Nagasaka Takuya , Inagaki Shin , Tatebayashi Sho , Imazaki Iori , Fuji Shin-ichi , Tsuge Takashi , Shimizu Masafumi , Kageyama Koji , Suga Haruhisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFusarium fujikuroi, the causative agent of bakanae disease in rice, produces many kinds of secondary metabolites. Recently, two phylogenetic subgroups (F and G groups) of Japanese F. fujikuroi have been identified and found to have differences in their gibberellin (GA) and fumonisin production. G‐group F. fujikuroi produces large amounts of GA, but is a fumonisin nonproducer. F‐group produces large amounts of fumonisin, but is a GA low or nonproducer. We investigated the cause of low GA production in the F‐group. Genetic mapping suggests that low GA production in the F‐group strain Gfc0825009 is due to a GA gene cluster for GA biosynthesis. Analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the genes in the GA gene cluster showed >98.4% homology between the F‐group strain Gfc0825009 and the G‐group strain Gfc0801001. Following a 7‐day culture under low nitrogen conditions, we found that expression of P450‐1, P450‐4, and P450‐2 in the cluster increased in the G‐group strain and not in the F‐group strain. We hypothesized that complementation by GA genes in the G‐group strain would be required to increase GA production in the F‐group strain. However, we found that this occurred with a single gene complementation of DES, P450‐1, P450‐4, or P450‐2. Simultaneous increase in the expression of P450‐1, P450‐4, and P450‐2 were detected in the complementary transformants. Moreover, the same phenomenon was observed by reintegration of its own P450‐1. Our results suggest the presence of unknown regulatory mechanisms of the GA gene cluster in F. fujikuroi.
Effects of intergenerational exposure interventions on adolescent outcomes: An application of inverse probability weighting to longitudinal pre‐birth cohort data
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Han , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Kleinman Ken , Oken Emily , Young Jessica G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is great interest in understanding whether interventions on sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption through pregnancy and early childhood affect adolescent body mass index (BMI). Without data from randomised trials, unbiased estimation of such effects might be achieved with observational data given sufficient and appropriate adjustment for both baseline and time‐varying confounders.ObjectivesTo illustrate the use of inverse probability (IP) weighting of marginal structural models (MSM) for estimating the effects of SSB consumption through pregnancy and early childhood on the mean early adolescent BMI z‐score.MethodsOur baseline sample consisted of 1584 pregnant women from a pre‐birth cohort. We defined 6 intervention intervals: early pregnancy, late pregnancy, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years. We fitted a MSM via a weighted linear regression with IP exposure and censoring weights to estimate the mean difference in BMI z‐score under interventions: “maintain SSB consumption below (vs above) 0.5 servings/day in all intervals.”ResultsThe estimated difference in mean BMI z‐score under interventions maintaining SSB consumption at or below (vs above) 0.5 servings/day from pregnancy to 6 years was −0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.52, −0.08). The effect estimate in pregnancy, while fixing the exposure range in childhood, was −0.05 (95% CI −0.34, 0.23), and in early childhood, while fixing the range in pregnancy was −0.89 (95% CI −1.46, −0.11). The effect estimates were largely unchanged under sensitivity analyses to different implementation choices except for the choice of time interval length.ConclusionsUnder assumptions that include no unmeasured confounding and selection bias, and no model misspecification, results of this IP weighting application are in line with a lower mean BMI z‐score in early adolescence under interventions ensuring lower, vs greater, SSB consumption in early life. This application provides a resource for researchers working with longitudinal birth cohort studies and interested in similar causal questions.
Association between rotavirus vaccination and intussusception in Australian children: A record linkage study
Authors: Fathima Parveen , Moore Hannah C. , Blyth Christopher C. , Snelling Thomas L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐licensure surveillance studies have shown a small but increased risk of intussusception among infants in the days following rotavirus vaccination (RV).ObjectivesWe assessed the temporal trends of intussusception‐coded hospitalisations before and after the commencement of a universal rotavirus vaccination programme in Western Australia (WA) in 2007. We also assessed the perinatal factors and pathogens associated with these hospitalisations. MethodsIntussusception‐coded hospitalisations occurring in a cohort of 367 476 WA‐born children (2000‐2012) aged <5 years were probabilistically linked to perinatal and pathology records. Age‐specific incidence rates for overall and pathogen‐specific intussusception‐coded hospitalisations were calculated before (2000‐2006) and after (2008‐2012) RV introduction. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess perinatal risk factors for intussusception.ResultsThe overall rate of intussusception‐coded hospitalisation was 26.4 per 100 000 child‐years (95% confidence interval [CI] 24.0, 29.0) among children aged <5 years, with rates being 70% higher (95% CI 39, 107) in the RV period than in the pre‐RV period. Compared with the pre‐RV period, rates were higher among those aged 12‐23 months (by 55%, 95% CI 5, 127) and 2‐4 years (by 84%, 95% CI 20, 182) in the RV period. However, the risk of intussusception‐coded hospitalisations associated with intussusception management‐related procedure code(s) was similar among all age groups in both birth periods. Among infants aged <12 months, male sex, non‐Aboriginal status, birth to multiparous mothers, and birth in RV era were independent risk factors associated with intussusception‐coded hospitalisations. Adenovirus was strongly associated with intussusception (6.7 per 100 000 child‐years, 95% CI 5.3, 9.3).ConclusionsThe risk of intussusception‐coded hospitalisations was higher post‐RV introduction, but not for intussusception‐coded hospitalisations associated with procedure code(s). The increase was no higher in the vaccine‐eligible age group than in older age groups, suggesting that the apparent increase is likely to be attributable to causes other than vaccination.
Adoption and use of mobile banking by low‐income individuals in Senegal
Authors: Fall François Seck , Orozco Luis , Akim Al‐Mouksit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe wide use of mobile phones increases low‐income individuals’ access to a large range of services. One of these services is mobile banking (m‐banking). Today, m‐banking represents a key vector of financial inclusion in many countries in sub‐Saharan Africa, especially Senegal. Based on technology adoption theories applied to households in developing countries, this paper studies the determinants of the adoption and use of m‐banking. We distinguish between possession or adoption and actual use of m‐banking and examine the interdependence between these two decisions by using the Heckman sample selection model, through a sample of 1,052 individuals in the suburbs of Dakar. Our main results are that the two decisions (adoption and use) are not independent of each other. Individual characteristics, such as education, possession of a bank account, and family network effects, are determinants of the adoption, and age, gender, and being a member of a tontine are determinants of the use. A major result of this study concerns women’s low propensity to adopt m‐banking because of their low levels of education. However, compared with men, when women adopt m‐banking, they have a stronger propensity to use it.
Oral management of pemphigus vulgaris in the intensive care unit
Authors: Dal Prá Ketelin Juliane , de Assis Tristão Stefanny da Silva Santucci , Franco Juliana Bertoldi , Matias Diogo Toledo , Carrillo Camila Merida , de Melo Peres Maria Paula Siqueira , Ribas Priscila Fernandes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare and potentially lethal autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. Injuries caused by the disease cause pain, risk of infection, and other complications that result in a high mortality rate. Frequently, management of the PV requires intensive care and a multidisciplinary approach. Oral lesions of PV are usually the first clinical signs of the disease and the last lesions to heal, requiring treatment by a specialized dental team. The aim of this study was to report two clinical cases of PV with involvement of the oral mucosa. The patients were admitted to an intensive care unit, and underwent multidisciplinary management of their condition along with low‐level laser therapy. Both cases demonstrated the importance of specialized dental care in improving the quality of life of patients with PV.
Prevalence and Characteristics Associated with Chronic Noncancer Pain in Suicide Decedents: A National Study
Authors: Campbell Gabrielle , Darke Shane , Degenhardt Louisa , Townsend Harriet , Carter Gregory , Draper Brian , Farrell Michael , Duflou Johan , Lappin Julia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aims were to estimate the prevalence of CNCP in suicide decedents, and compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people who die by suicide (i) with and without a history of CNCP and (ii) among decedents with CNCP who are younger (<65 years) and older (65 + years).MethodWe examined all closed cases of intentional deaths in Australia in 2014, utilizing the National Coronial Information System.ResultsWe identified 2,590 closed cases of intentional deaths in Australia in 2014 in decedents over 18 years of age. CNCP was identified in 14.6% of cases. Decedents with CNCP were more likely to be older, have more mental health and physical health problems, and fewer relationship problems, and were more likely to die by poisoning from drugs, compared with decedents without CNCP. Comparisons of older and younger decedents with CNCP found that compared to younger (<65 years) decedents with CNCP, older decedents (65 + years) were less likely to have mental health problems.ConclusionsThis is the first national study to examine the characteristics of suicide deaths with a focus on people with CNCP. Primary care physicians should be aware of the increased risk for suicide in people living with CNCP, and it may be useful for clinicians to screen for CNCP among those presenting with suicidal behaviors.
Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors for canine multicentric non‐indolent T‐cell lymphoma: 107 cases
Authors: Purzycka Katarzyna , Peters Laureen M. , Desmas Isabelle , Davies Owen , Chang Yu‐Mei , Lara‐Garcia Ana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCanine lymphoma, as the most common haematopoietic malignancy, encompasses a group of heterogeneous diseases and even within the T‐cell immunophenotype, differences in clinical presentation and responses to treatment exist. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine outcomes and prognostic factors of 107 dogs with multicentric non‐indolent T‐cell lymphoma (TCL) receiving lomustine‐based (70%) and non‐lomustine‐based (30%) treatment. The majority were Labradors, Boxers, mixed‐breed dogs and Dogue de Bordeaux. Eighty‐six percent were substage b, 77% had mediastinal involvement, 15% had suspected bone marrow involvement and 12% had other extra‐nodal sites of disease. The overall response rate to induction therapy was 80%; dogs receiving procarbazine in the induction protocol (P= .042), dogs with neutrophil concentration below 8.7 × 10e9/L (P= .006) and mitotic rate below 10 per 5 high power field (P= .013), had greater response rates. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) for the first remission was 105 days; lack of expression of CD3 on flow cytometry (P < .0001) and pretreatment with steroid (P= .012) were significantly associated with shorter PFS. Median overall survival time (OST) was 136 days; co‐expression of CD79a (P= .002), lack of CD3 expression on flow cytometry, presence of anaemia (P= .007), and monocytopenia (P= .002) were predictive of shorter OST. Multicentric non‐indolent TCL in dogs is an aggressive cancer with new possible prognostic factors.
Kainate receptor regulation of synaptic inhibition in the hippocampus
Authors: Pressey Jessica C. , Woodin Melanie A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKainate receptors (KARs) are glutamate‐type receptors that mediate both canonical ionotropic currents and non‐canonical metabotropic signalling. While KARs are expressed widely throughout the brain, synaptic KAR currents have only been recorded at a limited set of synapses, and the KAR currents that have been recorded are relatively small and slow, which has led to the question, what is the functional significance of KARs? While the KAR current itself is relatively modest, its impact on inhibition in the hippocampus can be profound. In the CA1 region of the hippocampus, presynaptic KAR activation bidirectionally regulates γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) release in a manner that depends on the glutamate concentration; lower levels of glutamate facilitate GABA release via an ionotropic pathway, while higher levels of glutamate depress GABA release via a metabotropic pathway. Postsynaptic interneuron KAR activation increases spike frequency through an ionotropic current, which in turn can strengthen inhibition. In the CA3 region, postsynaptic KAR activation in pyramidal neurons also strengthens inhibition, but in this case through a metabotropic pathway which regulates the neuronal chloride gradient and hyperpolarizes the reversal potential for GABA (EGABA). Taken together, the evidence for KAR‐mediated regulation of the strength of inhibition via pre‐ and postsynaptic mechanisms provides compelling evidence that KARs are ideally positioned to regulate excitation–inhibition balance – through sensing the excitatory tone and concomitantly tuning the strength of inhibition.image
Do Athlete Monitoring Tools Improve a Coach’s Understanding of Performance Change?
Authors: Crowcroft Stephen , Slattery Katie , McCleave Erin , Coutts Aaron J. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To assess a coach’s subjective assessment of their athletes’ performances and whether the use of athlete-monitoring tools could improve on the coach’s prediction to identify performance changes. Methods: Eight highly trained swimmers (7 male and 1 female, age 21.6 [2.0] y) recorded perceived fatigue, total quality recovery, and heart-rate variability over a 9-month period. Prior to each race of the swimmers’ main 2 events, the coach (n = 1) was presented with their previous race results and asked to predict their race time. All race results (n = 93) with aligning coach’s predictions were recorded and classified as a dichotomous outcome (0 = no change; 1 = performance decrement or improvement [change +/− > or < smallest meaningful change]). A generalized estimating equation was used to assess the coach’s accuracy and the contribution of monitoring variables to the model fit. The probability from generalized estimating equation models was assessed with receiver operating characteristic curves to identify the model’s accuracy from the area under the curve analysis. Results: The coach’s predictions had the highest diagnostic accuracy to identify both decrements (area under the curve: 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.88–0.99) and improvements (area under the curve: 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.96) in performance. Conclusions: These findings highlight the high accuracy of a coach’s subjective assessment of performance. Furthermore, the findings provide a future benchmark for athlete-monitoring systems to be able to improve on a coach’s existing understanding of swimming performance.
Training Load, Neuromuscular Readiness, and Perceptual Fatigue Profile in Youth Elite Long-Jump Athletes
Authors: Franceschi Alberto , Conte Daniele , Airale Marco , Sampaio Jaime 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To describe and identify individual trends and changes in training load, neuromuscular readiness, and perceptual fatigue measures in 2 youth elite long jumpers, finalists at the European Athletics U18 (Under 18) Championships (athlete A, female, age 16.5 y, long-jump record 6.25 m; athlete B, male, age 16.0 y, long-jump record 7.28 m). Methods: Data were collected from both training sessions and athletics competitions during a 16-week period, divided into a preparation (weeks 1–8) and a competitive phase (weeks 9–16). Training load was computed through training diaries (training time, sprint, jumping, and weights volume). The countermovement jump and the 10-to-5 repeated-jump test were executed on a weekly basis to assess neuromuscular readiness, and perceptual fatigue measures were collected through a wellness questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using a magnitude-based decisions approach. Results: The results highlighted a decrease in training load during the competitive period with moderate to large differences for training time, sprint, and jump volume. Moreover, data showed an upward trend and very likely higher scores in vertical-jump performance across the competitive phase together with a very likely lower perceptual fatigue. Conclusions: This scenario seemed to be favorable to achieve competition performance very close to the personal record during the competitive season. This study provided an example of application of a comprehensive monitoring system with young athletes involved in track-and-field jumping events.
The Effects of Interrupting Sitting Time on Affect and State Anxiety in Children of Healthy Weight and Overweight: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Zink Jennifer , Berrigan David A. , Broadney Miranda M. , Shareef Faizah , Papachristopoulou Alexia , Brady Sheila M. , Bernstein Shanna B. , Brychta Robert J. , Hattenbach Jacob D. , Tigner Ira L. , Courville Amber B. , Drinkard Bart E. , Smith Kevin P. , Rosing Douglas R. , Wolters Pamela L. , Chen Kong Y. , Yanovski Jack A. , Belcher Britni R. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: Sedentary time relates to higher anxiety and more negative affect in children. This study assessed whether interrupting sitting over 3 hours is sufficient to influence state anxiety, positive affect, or negative affect, and tested weight status as a moderator. Methods: Analyses were the second (preplanned) purpose of a larger study. Children (N = 61; age: mean [SD] = 9.5 [1.3]; 43% healthy weight) completed 2 experimental conditions: continuous sitting for 3 hours and sitting for 3 hours interrupted with walking for 3 minutes in every 30 minutes. State anxiety, positive affect, and negative affect were reported at pretest and posttest. Multilevel models for repeated measures assessed whether experimental condition predicted posttest scores. Results: Experimental condition was unrelated to posttest state anxiety or positive affect. Weight status moderated how experimental condition influenced posttest negative affect (P = .003). Negative affect was lower in the children of healthy weight after interrupted sitting (vs continuous sitting; β = −0.8; 95% confidence interval, −1.5 to 0.0, P = .05), but it was higher in the children with overweight/obesity after interrupted sitting (vs continuous sitting; β = 0.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.0 to 1.2, P = .06). Conclusions: Interrupting sitting acutely reduced negative affect in children of healthy weight, but not in children with overweight. Further research is needed to better understand the potential emotional benefits of sitting interruptions in youth.