bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Initiation of Remdesivir in a COVID‐19‐Positive Patient
Authors: Hillaker Emily , Belfer Julie J. , Bondici Anamaria , Murad Hani , Dumkow Lisa E. 
Published: April 2020

We present a case of late initiation of remdesivir antiviral therapy in the successful treatment of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in a mixed medical intensive care unit of a community teaching hospital. A previously healthy 40‐year‐old man was admitted to the hospital 3 days after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) symptoms including dry cough, fever, and shortness of breath progressing to intubation and increased mechanical ventilator support. A request for compassionate use remdesivir was submitted on the same hospital day as the positive COVID‐19 polymerase chain reaction result. Supportive measures, in addition to a 5‐day course of hydroxychloroquine, were maintained until remdesivir could be supplied on day 9 of hospitalization, 13 days after symptom onset. Sixty hours after initiating remdesivir, the patient was successfully extubated and able to transition to room air within 24 hours of extubation. Late initiation of remdesivir may be effective in treating SARS‐CoV‐2, unlike antivirals utilized for different disease states, such as oseltamivir, that are most effective when started as soon as possible following symptom onset. Urgent action is needed by regulatory agencies to work with drug manufacturers to expedite the study and approval of investigational agents targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 as well as to meet manufacturing demands.
Determination of glass transition temperature of polyimides from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations andmachine‐learningalgorithms
Authors: Wen Chengyuan , Liu Binghan , Wolfgang Josh , Long Timothy E. , Odle Roy , Cheng Shengfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlass transition temperature (Tg) plays an important role in controlling the mechanical and thermal properties of a polymer. Polyimides as an important category of engineering plastics have wide applications because of their superior heat resistance and mechanical strength. The capability of predictingTgfor a polyimide a priori is therefore highly desirable in order to expedite the design and discovery of new polyimide polymers with targeted properties and applications. Here we explore three different approaches to either computeTgfor a polyimide via all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations or predictTgvia a mathematical model generated by using machine‐learning algorithms to analyze existing data collected from the literature. Our simulations reveal thatTgcan be determined from examining the diffusion coefficient of simple gas molecules in a polyimide as a function of temperature and the results are comparable to those derived from data on polymer density versus temperature and actually closer to the available experimental data. Furthermore, the predictive model ofTgderived with machine‐learning algorithms can be used to estimateTgsuccessfully within an uncertainty of about 20 degrees, even for polyimides yet to be synthesized experimentally.
Fear of cancer recurrence among survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Wroot Hayley , Afzal Arfan R. , Forbes Caitlin , Russell K. Brooke , Trepanier Lindsey , Patton Michaela , Fidler‐Benaoudia Miranda , Reynolds Kathleen , Schulte Fiona 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) has not been widely explored in survivors of childhood cancer. Yet, childhood survivors are at risk of experiencing late effects and may be especially vulnerable. The aims of the current study were to conduct a retrospective chart review to determine the prevalence and persistence of FCR among survivors of childhood cancer and to examine factors that may be related to FCR.MethodsSurvivors of childhood cancer (n = 228, mean attained age = 14.5 years [range = 4.7‐21 years]; mean diagnosis age = 4.4 years [range = 0‐16.5 years]; mean time off treatment = 8.7 years [range = 2.8‐19.3 years]) seen in a Long‐Term Survivor Clinic (LTSC) completed questionnaires at each clinic visit detailing their current health. FCR was measured with a single item. Data from questionnaires from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Descriptive statistics and a random effects model were used to address study aims.ResultsFCR was reported in 43% (n = 98) of survivors at least once across all clinic visits. Among survivors reporting FCR at least once, 66% were diagnosed with cancer under the age of 5, and 64% were 13 years or older at their most recent follow‐up. Twenty‐one percent of survivors (n = 48/224) reported FCR during at least 50% of their visits. Survivors with a higher number of depressive symptoms were more likely to report FCR (OR = 1.66, P = .03).ConclusionsFCR is prevalent among survivors of childhood cancer and is related to other health concerns. Research is needed to understand who is at risk and how to.
Brief training in psychological assessment and interventions skills for cancer care staff: a mixed methods evaluation of deliberate practice techniques
Authors: Barrett‐Naylor Ruth , Malins Sam , Levene Joanna , Biswas Sanchia , Mays Chloe , Main Georgia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveUnaddressed anxiety and depression is common among cancer patients and has significant adverse consequences. Cancer staff training is recommended for psychological assessment and interventions to address depression and anxiety, to increase access to psycho‐social oncology care. However, psychological skills training has a poor track‐record for improving clinical effectiveness. “Deliberate practice”, receiving feedback on therapeutic micro‐skills and rehearsing modifications, can enhance clinical effectiveness. This study applied deliberate practice to maximise benefits of brief psychological skills training for cancer care staff.MethodsSeventeen one‐day training workshops were provided to 263 cancer care staff, aiming to improve confidence in assessing anxiety and depression, and delivering problem‐solving therapy. Training used deliberate practice methods at the expense of didactic lecturing. Staff confidence was assessed in key teaching domains using pre‐post confidence ratings. Anonymous comments from 152 training attendees were examined using thematic analysis.ResultsOne‐day psychological skills training significantly improved cancer staff confidence in assessment of anxiety and depression, and delivery of brief psychological interventions. Thematic analysis indicated that focusing on practical skills was valued by participants and contributed to staff commitments to change practice. However, some participants felt the one‐day training was over‐filled and would be better delivered over more days.ConclusionsSimilar results can be achieved by providing psychological skills training on a single‐day, as compared to an established five‐day programme, by abbreviating didactic teaching and focusing time on deliberate practice of skills. Training may increase the likelihood of changes in practice, but more training time may be required for maximum benefit.
Integrative analysis of AR‐mediated transcriptional regulatory network reveals IRF1 as an inhibitor of prostate cancer progression
Authors: Cheng Yihang , Wang Dan , Jiang Jun , Huang Wenhua , Li Dujian , Luo Jun , Gu Wei , Mo Wenjuan , Wang Chenji , Li Yao , Gu Shaohua , Xu Yaoting 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAndrogen receptor (AR) is crucial for prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and malignant progression. Only half of androgen‐responsive genes have been identified as having androgen‐responsive elements, suggesting that AR regulates downstream genes through other transcriptional factors. However, whether and how AR regulates the progression via regulating these androgen‐responsive genes remains unclear.MethodsAndrogen‐responsive and activity‐changed (AC) transcriptional factors (TFs) were identified based on the time‐course gene‐expression array and gene promoter regions analysis. The intersection of androgen‐responsive and AC TFs was selected the core TFs, which were used to construct the core transcriptional regulatory network. GO enrichment analysis, cell proliferation assays, glycolysis experiments, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to analyze and validate the functions of the network. As one of the core TFs, the function and mechanism of IRF1 have been further explored.ResultsWe devised a new integrated approach to select core TFs and construct core transcriptional regulatory network in PCa. The 24 core TFs and core transcriptional regulatory network participate in regulating PCa cell proliferation, RNA splicing, and cancer metabolism. Further validations showed that AR signaling could promote glycolysis via inducing glycolytic enzymes in PCa cells. IRF1, a novel target of AR, served as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting PCa proliferation, cell cycle, and glycolysis.ConclusionsIt is the first time to demonstrate the regulating role of the AR‐mediated transcriptional regulatory network in a series of important biological processes in PCa cells. IRF1, an AR‐regulated TF, acts as tumor suppressor in this core transcriptional regulatory network, which highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting this regulatory network for PCa.
Effect of liquiritin on neuroendocrine‐immune network in menopausal rat model
Authors: Lan Xin‐Yi , Yu Hui , Chen Qiu‐Jing , Zhai Shuo , Zhang Chun‐Feng , Li Fei , Wang Chong‐Zhi , Yuan Chun‐Su 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of liquiritin on neuroendocrine‐immune network in menopausal rat model.MethodsLiquiritin groups were respectively given liquiritin suspension at the dose of 80, 40, and 20 mg/kg, once a day for continuous 30 days after the removal of bilateral ovaries to induce the menopausal rat model. Behavioral experiments were conducted and the organs were weighed for the viscera index. The content of estradiol (E2) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) in the serum and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in hypothalamus were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits. Morphological changes of uterus and adrenal gland were observed by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and estrogen receptor (ER) expression of uterus and spleen were determined by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsFor the nervous system, liquiritin relieved menopausal depression and up‐regulated the levels of 5‐HT and NE in hypothalamus; for the endocrine system, it raised the concentrations of E2 and FSH in serum, relieved the histological changes of uterus and adrenal gland and increased the expression of ER in uterus; for the immune system, it increased the thymus index and the expression of ER in spleen.ConclusionsLiquiritin improved menopausal syndrome in multiple ways by affecting the neuro‐endocrine‐immune network.
Identification of switched autoregressive exogenous systems from large noisy datasets
Authors: Hojjatinia Sarah , Lagoa Constantino M. , Dabbene Fabrizio 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe article introduces novel methodologies for the identification of coefficients of switching autoregressive moving average with exogenous input systems and switched autoregressive exogenous linear models. We consider cases where system's outputs are contaminated by possibly large values of noise for both cases of measurement noise and process noise. It is assumed that only partial information on the probability distribution of the noise is available. Given input‐output data, we aim at identifying switched system coefficients and parameters of the distribution of the noise, which are compatible with the collected data. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach with several academic examples. The method is shown to be effective in the situations where a large number of measurements is available; cases in which previous approaches based on polynomial or mixed‐integer optimization cannot be applied due to very large computational burden.
Comparison of soil health metrics for a Cecil soil in the North Carolina Piedmont
Authors: Caudle Caitlin , Osmond Deanna , Heitman Joshua , Ricker Matthew , Miller Grady , Wills Skye 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoil health metric values may vary across soil types and even within the same soil series under different management systems. The goal of this study was to determine the amount of variation present in Cecil sandy loam soils (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) under row crop and hay management systems via field (single‐ring infiltration, Cornell Sprinkle Infiltrometer, and a farmer score card) and laboratory soil health metrics [soil respiration, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, permanganate‐oxidizable C (POXC), β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, phosphodiesterase, soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), autoclave citrate‐extractable (ACE) protein content, aggregate stability, mean weight diameter, and bulk density]. Soil samples were collected in three hay and three crop fields. ANOVA indicated significant variations between systems, with depth and interactions among system, field, and/or slope position, depending on the metric (p < 0.05). Infiltration measurements were highly variable and the measurement methods produced inconsistent values. The majority of laboratory metrics significantly decreased with depth. Soil respiration was significantly different between systems (crop > hay), whereas arylsulfatase, acid phosphatase, β‐glucosidase, β‐glucosaminidase, ACE, POXC, and aggregate stability had significant system × depth interactions (0–5 cm hay > crop) and POXC had a significant system × pedon interaction. Enzyme assays, PLFA measurements, POXC, TN, SOC, and ACE protein content were also significantly correlated with each other. Unexpected trends and variable results suggest that more data should be collected before effective soil health metrics and baseline values can be established.
Optimized variable selection via repeated data splitting
Authors: Capanu Marinela , Giurcanu Mihai , Begg Colin B. , Gönen Mithat 
Published: April 2020

AbstractModel selection in high‐dimensional settings has received substantial attention in recent years, however, similar advancements in the low‐dimensional setting have been lacking. In this article, we introduce a new variable selection procedure for low to moderate scale regressions (n>p). This method repeatedly splits the data into two sets, one for estimation and one for validation, to obtain an empirically optimized threshold which is then used to screen for variables to include in the final model. In an extensive simulation study, we show that the proposed variable selection technique enjoys superior performance compared with candidate methods (backward elimination via repeated data splitting, univariate screening at 0.05 level, adaptive LASSO, SCAD), being amongst those with the lowest inclusion of noisy predictors while having the highest power to detect the correct model and being unaffected by correlations among the predictors. We illustrate the methods by applying them to a cohort of patients undergoing hepatectomy at our institution.
Validity and reliability testing of the transitional impact scale
Authors: Uzer Tugba 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe transitional impact scale (TIS) was developed to measure the quality and quantity of changes brought about by transitional events. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the TIS. Study 1 investigated the validity and internal consistency of the TIS among 445 participants (aged 18–73 years) who completed the TIS, beck anxiety inventory (BAI), centrality of event scale (CES), impact of event scale‐revised (IES‐R), and post‐traumatic growth inventory. Study 2 investigated the test–retest reliability of the TIS among 140 university students (70 female; 70 male) who completed a retest of the TIS after a 2‐week interval. The two‐factor structure (i.e., material change and psychological change) of the TIS proposed by Svob et al. (2014) was confirmed in different age and socioeconomic status groups of a Turkish sample. The TIS was significantly correlated with the BAI, CES, and IES‐R. Finally, the TIS had a high test–retest reliability.
A cache‐based approach toward improved scheduling in fog computing
Authors: Khan Osama Amir , Malik Saif U. R. , Baig Faizan M. , Islam Saif Ul , Pervaiz Haris , Malik Hassan , Ahmed Syed Hassan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFog computing is a promising technique to reduce the latency and power consumption issues of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem by enabling storage and computational resource close to the end‐user devices with additional benefits such as improved execution time and processing. However, with an increase in IoT devices, the resource allocation and job scheduling became a complicated and cumbersome task due to limited and heterogeneous resources along with the locality restriction in such computing environment. Therefore, this paper proposes a cache‐based approach for efficient resource allocation in fog computing environment, while maintaining the quality of service. The proposed algorithm is realized using iFogSim simulator and a comprehensive comparison is presented with the traditional First Come First Served and Shortest Job First policies. The performance evaluation revealed that with the proposed scheme the execution time, latency, processing delays and power consumption decreased by 38%, 11.1%, 6%, and 17.8%, respectively, as compared to those of the traditional schemes.
Pickering Emulsions Produced with Starch Nanocrystals from Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Daniel Taiana H Gomes , Bedin Ana C , Souza Éder Carlos F , Lacerda Luiz Gustavo , Demiate Ivo Mottin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to produce Pickering emulsions with starch nanocrystals from different starch sources. Bean starch is less susceptible to hydrolysis, followed by corn, and cassava starches. In both botanical sources the acid hydrolysis greatly reduce the amylose content in the nanoparticles. Oxidation increases the zeta potential of all the nanocrystals. In addition, the value of polydispersity decreases. A peak at 1,735 cm−1 is detected by means of mid‐infrared spectroscopy, which is characteristic of the free carboxyl group (acid form—COOH), expected on oxidized starches. Cassava and corn starches as well as their nanocrystals have an A‐type crystallinity pattern. For bean starch, the original CA‐type crystallinity pattern remains for the non‐oxidized nanocrystals but changes to A‐type after oxidation. After hydrolysis, the relative crystallinity increases for nanocrystals, but decreases after oxidation. The exception is for bean starch that results in oxidized nanocrystals with higher relative crystallinity. In general, the oxidation of nanocrystals improves their emulsification index. The emulsification index is higher for the emulsions with larger amounts of oil, even though the average diameter of the droplets increases in this situation.
Vulnerability assessment of irregular steel structures under traveling fires
Authors: Behnam Behrouz 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis paper investigates the response of tall setback irregular steel moment resisting structures under traveling fires. A seven‐story steel regular structure (RS) is first designed for gravity and seismic loads and then it is fireproofed for a fire resistance rating (FRR) of 120 min based on the ISO834 fire. Some architectural changes are then imposed on the RS to make it a setback irregular structure (SBS). Based on the traveling fire methodology, both structures are then subjected to fire curves ranging from 1% to 100% for the fire load density (qf)of 570 MJ/m2. As in the SBS, the distribution of gravity loads is not uniform; the structural fire analyses are performed twice: when the fires start from left to right and then vice versa. The results show the FRR of the RS is minimized under the fire size of 22% with the collapse time of 87.0 min. In the SBS, when the fires start from left to right and then from right to left, the FRR is minimized under the fire size of 20% with the collapse times of 75.0 and 79.0 min, respectively. This shows that the SBS is more vulnerable toward traveling fires than the RS. In order to monitor the role ofqfin the FRRs of the structures,qfis then reduced, and the required analyses are repeated. This process continues to where no collapse is observed under all the fire sizes. The results indicate that the RS would remain stable if theqfis decreased to 480 MJ/m2, implying that a 16% increase should be considered to the required FRR. As for the SBS, theqfshould be decreased to 440 MJ/m2to make it stable, meaning that a 25% increase should be considered to the required FRR.
Occurrence of human adenoviruses in a beach area of Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Roveri Vinicius , Guimarães Luciana Lopes , Correia Alberto Teodorico , Demoliner Meriane , Spilki Fernando Rosado 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlong the coastal zone of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, diffuse discharges that flow directly to tourist beaches are responsible for introducing various pathogens into recreational waters. The objective of this study was to analyze, for the first time, the presence of protozoa (Cryptosporidium ssp and Giardia ssp), as well as human mastadenoviruses (HAdV–species C and F) and other species of adenoviruses (AdV) in beach drainage channels of Enseada and Perequê, municipality of Guarujá, São Paulo, Brazil. Protozoa were not detected in any sample over the course of the 11‐month study. In relation to HAdVs, 100% (n = 22) of the water samples presented contamination by at least one type of virus (C, D, or F species), suggesting potential risks to the public health following recreational exposure of beach users to these waters.Practitioner points

First report on the presence of human adenoviruses in urban drainage channels in the coast of São Paulo State, Brazil.

Urban surface water runoff is responsible for introducing human adenoviruses linked to disease outbreaks in areas of intense recreation.

Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts were below the limit of detection for all analyzed samples.

However, all sites were positive for at least one of the viral species (HAdV–C, HAdV–D, or HAdV–F).

Viral loads found in the water were similar to those commonly found in the wastewater.