bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Liver Injury Through the S‐Sulfhydrated‐Kelch‐Like ECH‐Associated Protein 1/Nuclear Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2/Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Related Protein 1 Pathway
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Song Tianyu , Gu Yue , Zhang Yihua , Cao Siyi , Miao Qing , Zhang Xiyue , Chen Hongshan , Gao Yuanqing , Zhang Lei , Han Yi , Wang Hong , Pu Jun , Xie Liping , Ji Yong 
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims
Protein S‐sulfhydration mediated by H2S has been shown to play important roles in several diseases. However, its precise role in liver disease and the related mechanism remain unclear.

Approach and Results
We showed that in streptozotocin (STZ)–treated and high‐fat diet (HFD)–treated low‐density lipoprotein receptor–negative (LDLr−/−) mice, the H2S donor GYY4137 ameliorated liver injury, decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, mitigated lipid deposition, and reduced hepatocyte death. Strikingly, S‐sulfhydration of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) was decreased in the livers of patients with fatty liver under diabetic conditions. In STZ+HFD‐treated LDLr−/− mice and in high glucose–treated and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)–treated primary mouse hepatocytes, the GYY4137‐mediated increase in Keap1 S‐sulfhydration induced nuclear erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) dissociation from Keap1, which enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 itself and the consequent expression of antioxidant proteins. Keap1 Cys151 mutation significantly reduced Keap1 S‐sulfhydration and abolished the hepatoprotective effects of H2S both in vivo and in vitro. Nrf2 deficiency inhibited the H2S‐induced beneficial impacts in Nrf2−/− mice. Similarly, in CCl4‐stimulated mice, GYY4137 increased Keap1 S‐sulfhydration, improved liver function, alleviated liver fibrosis, decreased hepatic oxidative stress, and activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway; and these effects were abrogated after Keap1 Cys151 mutation. Moreover, H2S increased the binding of Nrf2 to the promoter region of LDLr‐related protein 1 (Lrp1) and consequently up‐regulated LRP1 expression, but these effects were disrupted by Keap1 Cys151 mutation.

Conclusions
H2S‐mediated Keap1 S‐sulfhydration alleviates liver damage through activation of Nrf2. Hence, administration of exogenous H2S in the form of the H2S donor GYY4137 may be of therapeutic benefit in the context of concurrent hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia–induced or CCl4‐stimulated liver dysfunction.
How does ayahuasca work from a psychiatric perspective? Pros and cons of the entheogenic therapy
Authors: Orsolini Laura , Chiappini Stefania , Papanti Duccio , Latini Roberto , Volpe Umberto , Fornaro Michele , Tomasetti Carmine , Vellante Federica , De Berardis Domenico 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveAyahuasca is a hallucinogenic plant preparation, traditionally consumed in sacred ceremonies by indigenous North‐Westerner Amazonian countries like Colombia, Peru, Brazil, and Ecuador. It is fundamental to carefully balance benefits/risks related to the ayahuasca intake, both during ceremonies and experimental settings. The aim is at evaluating and comparing the potential therapeutic benefits versus health risks related to ayahuasca intake (both acutely and chronically), focusing on its application in psychedelic psychiatry.DesignA comprehensive mini overview focusing on psychiatric outcomes following ayahuasca intake both in healthy volunteers and in clinical samples.ResultsPreclinical, observational, and experimental studies in healthy volunteers as well as in clinical samples suggest that ayahuasca may be beneficial as an antidepressant, emotional regulator, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive drug, by exerting fast‐acting and enduring clinical effects. Ayahuasca appears to be safe and well tolerated, nausea and emesis being the most reported and transient side effects. Some findings suggest not to use ayahuasca in bipolar or psychotic patients because of an increased risk of manic switch and/or psychotic onset.ConclusionsFurther research should be carried out in randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials, by implementing neuroimaging studies, in order to better evaluate therapeutic potential of ayahuasca in mental disorders.
Successful use of nonantigen‐specific immunoadsorption with antihuman Ig‐columns in kidney graft antibody‐mediated rejection
Authors: Montagud‐Marrahi Enrique , Revuelta Ignacio , Cucchiari David , Piñeiro Gaston J. , Ventura‐Aguiar Pedro , Lozano Miquel , Cid Joan , Martorell Jaume , Solé Manel , Quintana Luis F. , Oppenheimer Federico , Diekmann Fritz , Poch Esteban , Campistol Josep M. , Blasco Miquel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionNonantigen‐specific immunoadsorption (IA) has proven to be effective in acute antibody‐mediated rejection (aAMR). However, there is a lack of solid studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of IA with antihuman Ig‐columns in aAMR. For chronic‐active AMR (cAMR), no studies have evaluated the efficacy of nonantingen‐specific IA with antihuman Ig‐columns. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of nonantigen‐specific IA with antihuman Ig‐columns in the treatment of both aAMR and cAMR in kidney transplantation.Material and MethodsIn retrospective and observational study, kidney graft and recipient survival rates were assessed after treatment of aAMR and cAMR with nonantigen‐specific IA with Ig‐Flex columns (Therasorb) between January 2012 and May 2018. Protocols included nonantigen‐specific IA, rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, and rescue plasma exchange, if necessary.ResultsThe study included 14 patients with AMR (acute in 9, chronic active in 5). For aAMR, mean follow‐up was 13 ± 6 months, and patient and graft survival were, respectively, of 100% and 83%, with a mean increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 7.98 ± 12.96, 10.18 ± 16.71, and 11.43 ± 13.85 mL/min/1.72 m2 (P > .05) at 3, 12 months after treatment, and at the end of follow‐up, respectively. For cAMR, mean follow‐up was 14 ± 8 months, and patient and graft survival were, respectively, of 100% and 60%, with an average increase in eGFR of 4.30 ± 7.86, 5.64 ± 10.47, and 14.5 ± 7.86 mL/min/m2 (P > .05) at 3, 12 months after IA treatment, and at the end of the follow‐up, respectively, although 40% did not respond and required chronic hemodialysis.ConclusionNonantigen‐specific IA with Ig‐Flex columns was safe and effective for aAMR treatment in kidney transplantation. In cAMR, IA with Ig‐Flex columns was associated with a satisfactory kidney graft survival, suggesting that IA could potentially offer some benefits supporting its indication in cAMR.
Master's and doctoral engineering students' interest in industry, academia, and government careers
Authors: Choe Nathan H. , Borrego Maura 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundGraduate education literature tends to focus on faculty careers with little attention to industry careers. However, more than one‐third of U.S. engineering doctorates enter industry.PurposeOur purpose is to understand engineering graduate students' interest in industry, academia, and government careers as it relates to their graduate engineering identities.Design/MethodA total of 249 engineering thesis master's and doctoral students completed a survey about their graduate engineering identities and career preferences. We created regression models to predict students' likelihood of pursuing careers in industry, academia, and government. Then, we used cluster analysis to understand the extent to which students are considering multiple options and used chi‐squared and ANOVA tests to compare the clusters.ResultsIn the regression model predicting an academic career, research recognition and research performance/competence were positive predictors and engineering performance/competence was a negative predictor. Regression models of industry and government described less than 10% of the variance. Four clusters emerged, which collectively demonstrate that engineering graduate students are considering careers in multiple sectors. Students with internships during graduate study were more likely to pursue industry careers. Master's students were underrepresented in the cluster with highest likelihood of an academic career. International students were keeping more options open than some domestic students. There were also differences by engineering discipline.ConclusionsEngineering graduate students are considering multiple career sectors. Advisors and education researchers should focus not only on academic career preparation but also on industry and government career preparation, particularly on preparing for multiple options simultaneously.
Treatment of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy with RT001: A di‐deuterated ethyl ester of linoleic acid: Report of two cases
Authors: Adams Darius , Midei Mark , Dastgir Jahannaz , Flora Christina , Molinari Robert J , Heerinckx Frederic , Endemann Sarah , Atwal Paldeep , Milner Peter , Shchepinov Mikhail S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare, autosomal recessive disease due to defects inPLA2G6and is associated with lipid peroxidation. RT001 is a di‐deuterated form of linoleic acid that protects lipids from oxidative damage.MethodsWe evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and effectiveness of RT001 in two subjects with INAD (subject 1: 34 months; subject 2: 10 months). After screening and baseline evaluations, subjects received 1.8 g of RT001 BD. PK analysis and clinical evaluations were made periodically.Main findingsPlasma levels of deuterated linoleic acid (D2‐LA), deuterated arachidonic acid (D2‐AA), D2‐LA to total LA, and D2‐AA to total AA ratios were measured. The targeted plasma D2‐LA ratio (>20%) was achieved by month 1 and maintained throughout the study. RBC AA‐ratios were 0.11 and 0.18 at 6 months for subjects 1 and 2; respectively. No treatment‐related adverse events occurred. Limited slowing of disease progression and some return of lost developmental milestones were seen.ConclusionsOral RT001 was administered safely in two subjects with INAD. Early findings suggest that the compound was well tolerated, metabolized and incorporated in the RBC membrane. A clinical trial is underway to assess efficacy.
Iodinated contrast media and their effect on thyroid function – Routines and practices among diagnostic imaging departments in Norway
Authors: Rusandu Albertina , Sjøvold Bjørnar Heggdal , Hofstad Edvin , Reidunsdatter Randi Johansen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn order to minimise adverse effects or patient injuries related to the effect of iodinated contrast media (ICM) on the thyroid, international guidelines and research recommend developing routines for identification and management of patients at risk of developing a thyroid dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate thyroid‐related ICM administration practices among diagnostic imaging departments in Norway.MethodsThe cross‐sectional survey included 24 hospitals and 75 respondents with a 69% response rate. The survey covered practices for assessment and management of at‐risk patients and the participants’ perceived rationale for the routines.ResultsThe use of written checklists as recommended by international guidelines was quite modest (15%) and the respondents preferred various methods to identify risk and contraindications. Only 20% reported checking for any scheduled thyroid‐scintigraphy and/or radioactive‐iodine therapy. 42% indicated that they did not have thyroid‐related ICM routines, and the main perceived reason was lack of knowledge on the topic. Radiographers and radiologists expressed uncertainty about each other’s roles and routines.ConclusionThis study revealed the need of optimisation of routines regarding ICM administration to patients at risk for thyroid dysfunction.
Flaming as part of aseptic technique increases CO2 (g) and decreases pH in freshwater culture media
Authors: Zepernick Brittany N. , Krausfeldt Lauren E. , Wilhelm Steven W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAseptic technique has historically served as a fundamental practice in microbiology, helping to maintain culture purity and integrity. This technique has been widely encouraged and employed for use with cultures of heterotrophic bacteria as well as freshwater and marine algae. Yet, recent observations have suggested that these approaches may bring their own influences. We observed variations in growth among replicate experimental cyanobacterial cultures upon flaming of the culture tube opening during sample transfer and collection. Investigation revealed the pH of culture media had decreased from the initial pH established during media preparation. Flaming of sterile culture media alone confirmed a significant decrease, by as much as 1.7 pH units, and correlated with increased flaming events over time. We hypothesized that the causative factor was the introduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the media. To test this hypothesis, qualitative and quantitative analyses were used to determine the primary driver of pH decline. We further assessed the direct effects of flaming and subsequent pH changes on Microcystis aeruginosa cultures, showing flame‐driven pH changes and/or the introduction of CO2 influenced experimental results. Our observations provide a cautionary tale of how classic and well‐accepted approaches may have unintended consequences, suggesting new approaches may be necessary in research areas assessing pH or carbon‐related effects on microbial communities.
High‐throughput screening of argan oil composition and authenticity using benchtop 1H NMR
Authors: Gunning Yvonne , Jackson Alex J. , Colmer Joshua , Taous Fouad , Philo Mark , Brignall Rachel M. , El Ghali Tibari , Defernez Marianne , Kemsley E. Kate 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe use 60‐MHz benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to acquire 1H spectra from argan oils of assured origin. We show that the low‐field NMR spectrum of neat oil contains sufficient information to make estimates of compositional parameters and to inform on the presence of minor compounds. A screening method for quality and authenticity is presented based on nearest‐neighbour outlier detection. A variety of oil types are used to challenge the method. In a survey of retail‐purchased oils, several instances of fraud were found.
A phase‐field model for brittle fracture of anisotropic materials
Authors: Gmati Hela , Mareau Charles , Ammar Amine , El Arem Saber 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn the present work, a phase field damage model is developed to address the numerical simulation of brittle fracture. This model successfully captures some important aspects of crack propagation, including crack branching and bifurcation. In addition, the proposed phase field model has been developed in the general framework of anisotropic elasticity. It can thus be used for the simulation of brittle fracture in polycrystalline materials, for which crack propagation is impacted by crystallographic orientation because of the anisotropic character of stiffness properties.
Solving fractional optimal control problems by new Bernoulli wavelets operational matrices
Authors: Barikbin Zahra , Keshavarz Elham 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn this article, a new numerical method based on Bernoulli wavelet basis has been applied to give the approximate solution of the fractional optimal control problems. The new operational matrices of multiplication and fractional integration are constructed. The proposed method is applied to reduce the problem to the solution of a system of algebraic equations. The fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. Convergence of the algorithm is proved and some results concerning the error analysis are obtained. Approximate solutions are given and in the cases when we have an exact solution, a comparison with the exact solution is presented to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed method. In addition, we compare the obtained results with the results of other methods. Comparison shows the more accuracy of presented technique in comparison to other published methods.
User preferences and strategic interactions in platform ecosystems
Authors: Panico Claudio , Cennamo Carmelo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch summaryUser demand affects the emergence and growth of platform ecosystems through indirect network effects. But how do these effects play out in the strategies of platform providers and complementors as the ecosystem evolves? We study how user preferences for ecosystem innovativeness (complement novelty and quality) and ecosystem size (number of complementors/complements), and demand‐based economies of scale, shape the strategic interactions between the platform provider and the complementors in the ecosystem. Using an analytical model, we identify the conditions that give rise to a trade‐off between ecosystem innovativeness and size; when (and why) this trade‐off generates a tension between value co‐creation and appropriation among ecosystem participants; and the strategic implications for ecosystem competitiveness and for the different stages of the ecosystem's evolution.Managerial summaryManaging complementors’ incentives is critical for the success of a platform ecosystem. Such incentives may be offered not only for joining the platform, but also for contributing high‐quality, innovative complements throughout the ecosystem's evolution. In this article, we show that demand‐side economies of scale are the driving force of complementors’ incentives, and hence the key success factor for platform strategies. The strength of user preferences ultimately determines whether a larger ecosystem can also be more innovative, in which case all ecosystem participants can gain; or if instead there is a trade‐off between size and innovativeness, which could also lead to a tension between value co‐creation and appropriation among the platform provider and its complementors. The different stages of the evolution of a platform ecosystem call for different strategies that adapt to the evolution of user preferences.
Carbon emission analyses of concretes made with recycled materials considering CO2 uptake through carbonation absorption
Authors: Xiao Jianzhuang , Xiao Yu , Liu Yun , Ding Tao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe effect of incorporation of recycled powder and CO2 absorption of concrete was not considered in the previous life cycle assessment studies. This study evaluated the carbon emission of recycled concrete with different replacement rate of recycled powder and recycled coarse aggregate, taking the carbon absorption in storage and service phase into consideration. The carbon absorption model of recycled concrete with recycled powder was optimized and validated by rapid carbonization tests. It is found that concrete with recycled powder has favorable carbon absorption capacity and can greatly reduce carbon emission. The carbon emission of recycled concrete with recycled powder decreased 12.4–52.2% when compared to normal concrete, and with the increase in the replacement of recycled materials, this advantage becomes more obvious. The evaluation results show that the raw material production and transportation phase are the two main contributors to the carbon emission of recycled concrete, accounting for 67.03–85.81% and 4.01–15.27%, respectively. The evaluation results also show the compensation benefits in storage and service phase from carbon absorption account for 1.58–26.93%. Meanwhile, the long‐distance delivery of natural coarse aggregates makes it possible for recycled concrete to be widely applied.
Sustainability Education as a Pathway to Minority Participation in STEM
Authors: Xu Cassie , Smerdon Jason E. , DeFries Ruth , Unwin‐Kuruneri Natalie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSustainability education offers higher education institutions opportunities to broaden the participation of groups traditionally underrepresented in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. This chapter focuses on an exploratory case study that looks at how sustainability education can be used as a tool to increase student engagement and participation in STEM at the undergraduate level and why it should be considered as an important tool for addressing diversity challenges.
Colorectal cancer cell lines show striking diversity of their O-glycome reflecting the cellular differentiation phenotype
Authors: Madunić Katarina , Zhang Tao , Mayboroda Oleg A. , Holst Stephanie , Stavenhagen Kathrin , Jin Chunsheng , Karlsson Niclas G. , Lageveen-Kammeijer Guinevere S. M. , Wuhrer Manfred 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlterations in protein glycosylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) have been extensively studied using cell lines as models. However, little is known about theirO-glycome and the differences in glycan biosynthesis in different cell types. To provide a better understanding of the variation inO-glycosylation phenotypes and their association with other molecular features, an in-depthO-glycosylation analysis of 26 different CRC cell lines was performed. The releasedO-glycans were analysed on porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer via electrospray ionization (PGC-nano-LC–ESI-MS/MS) allowing isomeric separation as well as in-depth structural characterization. Associations between the observed glycan phenotypes with previously reported cell line transcriptome signatures were examined by canonical correlation analysis. Striking differences are observed between theO-glycomes of 26 CRC cell lines. Unsupervized principal component analysis reveals a separation between well-differentiated colon-like and undifferentiated cell lines. Colon-like cell lines are characterized by a prevalence of I-branched and sialyl Lewis x/a epitope carrying glycans, while most undifferentiated cell lines show absence of Lewis epitope expression resulting in dominance of truncated α2,6-core sialylated glycans. Moreover, the expression of glycan signatures associates with the expression of glycosyltransferases that are involved in their biosynthesis, providing a deeper insight into the regulation of glycan biosynthesis in different cell types. This untargeted in-depth screening of cell lineO-glycomes paves the way for future studies exploring the role of glycosylation in CRC development and drug response leading to discovery of novel targets for the development of anti-cancer antibodies.