bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of improved housing on indoor mosquito density and exposure to malaria in the rural community of Minkoameyos, Centre Region of Cameroon.
Authors: Nguela Rachel Laure , Bigoga Jude D. , Armel Tedjou N. , Esther Tallah Tayie Ngobiyo , Dongmo Line Leukou , Boris Njeambosay A. , Frederic Tchouine , Kazi Riksum , Williams Peter , Mbacham Wilfred F. , Leke Rose G. F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Malaria control faces several threats. Alternative strategies to complement Long Lasting Insecticide-treated Nets and antimalarial therapy are therefore mandatory. This study evaluated the effectiveness of improved housing on indoor residual mosquito density and exposure to malaria-carrying Anophelines in Minkoameyos, a rural community in the center region of Cameroon.Methods: Following the identification of housing factors affecting malaria prevalence in 2013, 218 houses were improved (screening of doors and windows, installing plywood ceilings on open eaves, closing holes on the walls and doors). Quarterly surveys were conducted in a sample of 21 improved and 21 non-improved houses from November 2014 to October 2015. Mosquitoes sampled by night collections on human volunteers were identified morphologically. Their parity status determined. Mosquito infectivity was verified through Plasmodium falciparum CSP ELISA. The average entomological inoculation rates were determined. A Reduction Factor (RF), defined as the ratio of the values for mosquitoes collected outdoor to those collected indoor was calculated in improved houses (RFI) and non-improved houses (RFN). An Intervention Effect (IE=RFI/RFU) measured the true effect of the intervention. Chi-square test was used to determine variable significance. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.Results: A total of 1113 mosquitoes were collected comprising: Anopheles (58.6%), Culex (36.4%), Aedes (2.5%), Mansonia (2.4%) and Coquillettidia (0.2%). Amongst the anophelines were An. gambiae s.l. (95.2%), An. funestus (2.9%), An. ziemanni (0.2%), An. brohieri (1.2%) and An. paludis (0.5%). An gambiae s.s. was the only Anopheles gambiae sibling found. The intervention reduced the indoor Anopheles density by 1.8 fold (RFI=3.99; RFN=2.21; P=0.001 ). The indoor density of parous Anopheles was reduced by 1.7 fold (RFI=3.99; RFN=2.21; P=0.04 ) and that of infected Anopheles by 1.8 fold (RFI=3.26; RFN=1.78; P=0.04 ). Indoor peak biting rates were observed between 02am to 04am in non improved houses and from 02am to 06am in improved houses.Conclusion: Housing improvement reduced indoor residual anopheline density and malaria transmission. This highlights the need for Standardization and promotion of similar interventions to prevent malaria in comparable contexts.
Education and income-based inequality in tooth loss among Brazilian adults: does the place you live make a difference?
Authors: Ferreira Raquel , Senna Maria Inês Barreiros , Rodrigues Lorrany Gabriele , Campos Fernanda Lamounier , Martins Andrea Maria Eleuterio de Barros Lima , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Socioeconomic inequalities in tooth loss might be minimized or potentialized by the characteristics of the context where people live. We examined whether there is contextual variation in socioeconomic inequalities in tooth loss across Brazilian municipalities. Methods: Data from the 2010 National Oral Health Survey of 9,979 adults living in 177 Brazilian municipalities were used. Education and household income were used as the individual socioeconomic indicators. At the municipal level, we used the Municipal Human Development Index as our contextual indicator of socioeconomic status (low:<0.699 versus high: >0.70). The Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) were calculated to compare the magnitude of education and income-based inequalities among municipalities with low versus high HDI. Multilevel Poisson regression models with random intercepts and slopes were developed. Results: At the individual level, adults with lower education & income reported more tooth loss. The mean number of lost teeth was 9.62 (95%CI: 8.02-11.23) and 7.03 (95%CI: 6.52-7.55) in municipalities with low and high HDI, respectively. Municipalities with high HDI showed higher relative and absolute education-based inequality. For income-based inequalities, higher SII was observed in municipalities with lower HDI. A significant cross-level interaction indicated that high-education adults reported fewer lost teeth when they lived in municipalities with high HDI compared to adults with the same education level living in low HDI municipalities. For individuals with the lowest education level, there was no difference in the number of teeth between those from municipalities with high and low HDI. Conclusions: There was a social gradient in tooth loss by education and income. Living in disadvantaged municipalities cannot overcome the risk associated with low schooling. The protective effect of higher education can be reduced when people live in disadvantaged areas.
Asiatic acid attenuates hypertrophic and fibrotic differentiation of articular chondrocytes via AMPK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Na , Fu Dejie , Yang Junjun , Liu Pingju , Song Xiongbo , Wang Xin , Li Rui , Fu Zhenlan , Chen Jiajia , Gong Xiaoyuan , Chen Cheng , Yang Liu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder, is characterized by a progressive degradation of articular cartilage. Increasing evidence suggests that OA is closely associated with cartilage pathologies including chondrocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis.Methods In this study, we showed that Asiatic acid (AA) treatment reduced chondrocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. First, the cytotoxicity of AA (0, 5, 10, and 20 μM) to chondrocytes was evaluated, and 5 μM was selected for subsequent experiments. Then, we detected the gene and protein level of chondrocyte hypertrophic markers including type X collagen (COL-X), matrix metalloproteinase - 13 (MMP-13), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and chondrocyte fibrosis markers including type I collagen (COL-Ι) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and chondrogenic markers including SRY-related HMG box 9 (SOX9), type II collagen (COL-II) and aggrecan (ACAN). Further, we texted the mechanism of AA on inhibiting chondrocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis. Finally, we verified the results in an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rat OA model.Results We found that AA treatment inhibited the hypertrophic and fibrotic phenotype of chondrocytes, without affecting the chondrogenic phenotype. Moreover, we found AA treatment activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway in vitro. The results in an ACLT-rat OA model also indicated that AA significantly attenuated chondrocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis.Conclusion AA treatment could reduce hypertrophic and fibrotic differentiation, and maintain the chondrogenic phenotype of articular chondrocytes by targeting the AMPK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Our study suggested that AA might be a prospective drug component that targets hypertrophic and fibrotic chondrocytes for OA treatment.
Distinctions between sex and time in patterns of DNA methylation across puberty
Authors: Moore Sarah R , Humphreys Kathryn L , Colich Natalie L , Davis Elena Goetz , Lin David T S , MacIsaac Julia L , Kobor Michael S , Gotlib Ian H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background There are significant sex differences in human physiology and disease; the genomic sources of these differences, however, are not well understood. During puberty, a drastic neuroendocrine shift signals physical changes resulting in robust sex differences in human physiology. Here, we explore how shifting patterns of DNA methylation may inform these pathways of biological plasticity during the pubertal transition.Methods In this study we analyzed DNA methylation (DNAm) in saliva at two time points across the pubertal transition within the same individuals. We targeted two domains of DNAm patterns that may inform processes of sexual differentiation 1) sex related sites, which demonstrated differences between males from females and 2) time related sites in which DNAm shifted significantly between timepoints. We further explored the correlated network structure sex and time related DNAm networks and linked these patterns to pubertal stage, assays of salivary testosterone, a reliable diagnostic of free, unbound hormone that is available to act on target tissues, and overlap with androgen response elements.Results Sites that differed by biological sex were largely independent of sites that underwent change across puberty. Time-related DNAm sites, but not sex-related sites, formed correlated networks that were associated with pubertal stage. Both time and sex DNAm networks reflected salivary testosterone levels that were enriched for androgen response elements, with sex-related DNAm networks being informative of testosterone levels above and beyond biological sex later in the pubertal transition.Conclusions These results inform our understanding of the distinction between sex- and time-related differences in DNAm during the critical period of puberty and highlight a novel linkage between correlated patterns of sex-related DNAm and levels of salivary testosterone.
An Innovative Intervention to Improve Respectful Maternity Care in Three Districts in Ethiopia
Authors: Jembere Birkety Mengistu , Alemu Haregeweyni , Kassa Munir , Zelalem Meseret , Abate Mehiret , Bitewulign Befikadu , Mathewos Kedest , Njoku Kendra , Prose Neil S , Magge Hema 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundDisrespect and abuse (D&A) during childbirth are major violations of human rights and often deter women from accessing skilled delivery in health facilities. In Ethiopia, D&A has been documented to occur in up to 49.4% of mothers delivering in health facilities. This study describes the development, implementation and results of a novel intervention to improve respectful maternity care (RMC) and decrease D&A in three districts in Ethiopia.MethodsAs part of a national initiative to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality in Ethiopia, we developed a novel RMC training module with three core components: testimonial videos, didactic sessions on communication, and onsite coaching. As of February 2017, we implemented the RMC training in three districts within the regions of Oromia; Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s; and Tigray. Measures of births with privacy and a birth companion from a 27-month data from 17 health centers and three hospitals were analyzed using STATA version 13 for interrupted time series and a regression analysis was conducted to assess the significance of improvement. Facilitated discussions were conducted among health care providers to gauge the effectiveness of the videos. Facility level solutions applied to enhance RMC were documented. ResultsAn analysis of the effectiveness of integrating RMC using available programmatic data showed significant improvement following the RMC training, which was sustained beyond the project intervention (regression coefficients ranging from 0.18 to 0.77). Several local solutions were devised and implemented in the health facilities to improve the experience of care for mothers. Facilitated discussions with health care providers participating in the RMC training showed improved understanding of patients’ perspectives and the psychosocial needs of their clients. Conclusion﻿This study suggests that integrating the RMC training into the district-wide quality improvement (QI) collaborative is effective in improving RMC. Use of testimonial videos are especially helpful as they remind providers of the need to treat mothers with dignity and helps them reflect on potential root causes for this type of treatment and develop effective solutions.
Dietary patterns of farmers and their relation with sociodemographic, labor, and lifestyle conditions: Brazilian rural population-based study
Authors: Cattafesta Monica , Petarli Glenda Blaser , Luz Tamires Conceição da , Zandonade Eliana , Bezerra Olívia Maria de Paula Alves , Salaroli Luciane Bresciani 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background : The eating habits have changed in the last few decades, but few studies prioritize the food consumption of farmers and the rural population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to define the dietary patterns of farmers in a Brazilian municipality and evaluate their association with sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle factors. Methods : This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 740 farmers (51.5%, n=381 males) from a municipality in Southeastern Brazil. Food intake data were obtained by applying three 24-hour recalls and dietary intake was presented in dietary patterns determined by Principal Component Analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation. Results : Three dietary patterns were identified. The first pattern, “local traditional”, was associated with sociodemographic and labor variables, being considered typical of the region's farmer. The permanence of a “traditional Brazilian” pattern and the occurrence of an “industrialized” pattern were also observed. Individuals aged 50 and over years were 82% less likely (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10–0.30) to adhere to “industrialized” pattern than those aged 30 and under. Still, individuals of socioeconomic class D or E were 52% less likely to adhere to this pattern (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.96). Farmers who spent R$ 200 or more per capita to buy food were more than twice as likely to adhere to this food pattern (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.32–3.73), and who had the habit of frequently eating out were 1.62 as likely adhere to “industrialized” pattern (95% CI 1.11–2.36). Conclusions : The findings indicate changes in dietary patterns in rural areas of the country, maintaining a traditional Brazilian pattern, as well as a local and an industrialized pattern. This last pattern demonstrates that the contemporary rural population also opts for a diet with ultra-processed products, being associated with the characteristic habits of a more urbanized rural region.
Exploring Health Literacy in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Mei Xin , Zhong Qing , Chen Gong , Huang Yuanxia , Li Junlin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: In recent years, research on health literacy has become increasingly concerned with the health care system and public health. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate health literacy and analyse the risk factors that affect health literacy in Wuhan, China. Methods: Multistage stratified random sampling was used to select 5304 urban and rural residents aged 15 to 69 from 204 monitoring points in 15 districts of Wuhan. Using the Chinese citizen Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) (2018 edition), a face-to-face survey was conducted from November to December 2018. Risk factors that may affect health literacy were assessed by Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression models. Results: The knowledge rate of health literacy was relatively low (19.3%). Of the three aspects of health literacy, the knowledge rate of health-related behaviour and lifestyle (BAL, 17.3%) was the lowest, and of the six dimensions of health literacy, the knowledge rate of chronic diseases (CD, 19.0%) was the lowest. Respondents who lived in urban areas, had higher education levels, worked as medical staff, had higher household income and did not suffer from chronic diseases were likely to have higher health literacy. Conclusions: The health literacy levels of citizens in Wuhan are insufficient and need to improve.
Access to and Use of Health and Social Services among People who Inject Drugs in two urban areas of Mozambique, 2014: Qualitative Results from a Formative Assessment
Authors: Dengo-Baloi Liliana Candida , Boothe Makini Aida , Semá-Baltazar Cynthia Amino , Sathane Isabel , Langa Denise Chitsondzo , Condula Manuel , Ricardo Helena , Inguane Celso , Teodoro Eugénia , Gouveia Lídia , Raymond Henry F. , Horth Roberta 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Prior to 2014, data about health seeking behaviors or service uptake for People who inject drugs (PWID) in Mozambique did not exist. We present the results from the formative assessment component of the Biological and Behavioral Survey (BBS). Methods: Standardized interview guides were used during key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD) in Maputo and Nampula/Nacala to discuss issues related to risk behaviors and access to and utilization of health and social services by PWID. The target sample size was not defined a priori, but instead KII and FGD were conducted until responses reached saturation. Data analysis was based on the principles of grounded theory related to qualitative research. Results: Eighty-eight respondents, ages 15 to 60, participated in KIIs and FGDs. Participants were majority male from diverse income and education levels and included current and former PWID, non-injection drug users, health and social service providers, peer educators, and community health workers. Respondents reported that PWID engage in high-risk behaviors such as needle and syringe sharing, exchange of sex for drugs or money, and low condom use. According to participants, PWID would rather rent, share or borrow injection equipment at shooting galleries than purchase them due to stigma, fear of criminalization, transportation and purchase costs, restricted pharmacy hours, personal preference for needle sharing, and immediacy of drug need. Barriers to access and utilization of health and social services include distance, the limited availability of programs for PWID, lack of knowledge of the few programs that exist, concerns about the quality of care provided by health providers, lack of readiness as a result of addiction and perceived stigma related to the use of mental health services offering treatment to PWID. Conclusions: Mozambique urgently needs to establish specialized harm reduction programs for PWID and improve awareness of available resources. Services should be located in hot spot areas to address issues related to distance, transportation and the planning required for safe injection. Specific attention should go to the creation of PWID-focused health and social services outside of state-sponsored psychiatric treatment centers.
Benefit of imatinib adjuvant therapy for patients with intermediate risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a multi-center retrospective analysis in China
Authors: Feng Fan , Fang Yong , Zhang Jun , Zheng Guoliang , Qiao Qing , Cao Nong , Wang Haijiang , Li Bin , Lei Cheng , Wang Cheng , Zhang Chengwu , Shen Kuntang , Zheng Zhichao , Zhang Hongwei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The benefit of postoperative imatinib therapy on intermediated risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients were still under debate. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the impact of imatinib adjuvant therapy on the prognosis of intermediate risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients.Methods From January 2000 to April 2018, a total of 450 intermediate risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients received R0 resection from eight centers in China were enrolled. The clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients were analyzed. Discrete variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Significant predictors for survival identified by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Disease-free survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method.Results Among the 450 patients, 109 patients (24.2%) received imatinib treatment. The recurrence rate of patients with and without imatinib treatment was 7.3% and 5.3%, respectively. For the entire cohort, gene mutational status was the only independent risk factor for disease-free survival of patients though univariate and multivariate analysis (P=0.028). For patients without imatinib treatment, tumor location (P=0.025) and gene mutation status (P=0.040) were prognostic factors in univariate analysis. However, only gene mutational status was independent prognostic factor (P=0.037). The disease-free survival of gastrointestinal stromal tumor with exon 11 deletion mutation with and without imatinib treatment were comparable (P=0.531).Conclusions Imatinib adjuvant treatment could not improve the prognosis of intermediate risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Intermediate gastrointestinal stromal tumors with exon 11 deletion mutation or non-gastric location may be candidates for imatinib treatment.
Effect of PHAP1 and SUMO2 on biological characteristics of Cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Qian , Li Xiaohong , Qin Song 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of PHAP1 and SUMO2 in CSCC and the relationship between the expression of the 2 genes and HPV16 infection. Method To detect the function of PHAP1 and SUMO2 in the occurrence and development of CSCC, we first compared their expression patterns in CSCC tissue samples, CIN and matched normal tissues through IHC, and RT-PCR. In addition, we carried on WB assay to test the expression of PHAP1 and SUMO2 in the SiHa, C33A and Ect1 cell lines. We analyzed the relationship between the expression of PHAP1 and SUMO2 and HPV16 infection. Result The results demonstrated that PHAP1 and SUMO2 expression at both the protein and mRNA levels was elevated in CSCC tissues compared with CIN and normal tissues. The expression of SUMO2 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.02), AJCC stage(p=0.024), but not other clinicopathological factors. The expression of PHAP1 and SUMO2 protein in SiHa, C33A cells was obviously higher than that in Ect1 cells. The expression of PHAP1 and SUMO2 was associated with a susceptibility to HPV16 infections. Conclusion Our results imply that PHAP1 and SUMO2 may be potential tumor promoter genes and may provide the biological basis for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment for CSCC.
Relationship between air pollutants and risk of diabetes:a cohort study based meta-analysis
Authors: Mohemaiti Patamu , Simayi Aidibai , Qin Xiao Xiao , Kadeer Aizhatiguli 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: To investigate the effects of air pollutants on the incidence of diabetes, and to provide reliable evidence for the prevention and control of diabetes.Method: Electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang Digital Periodicals (WANFANG), WeiPu, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Springer, and Ovid were searched. RevMan5.3 software was used for meta analysis of the literature included in this study, I2 was used to measure the heterogeneity of the research contents of the included literature, and fixed effect model or random effect model was used for combined analysis of the overall incidence of diabetes and the incidence of diabetes under different air pollutants.Result: A total of 22 articles with high overall quality were included in this study, including 2703882 subjects and 535190 patients with diabetes.Pooled effect of the studies was determined using relative risk(RR). PM10 (RR=1.00; 95%CI:0.99-1.02, P=0.61), PM2.5 (RR=1.02 ; 95%CI:1.01-1.04, P=0.01), NOX (RR=1.00; 95%CI:1.00-1.01, P=0.006), NO2 (RR=1.00; 95%CI:1.00-1.01, P=0.01), O3 (RR=1.00; 95%CI:0.99-1.01, P=0.99). No correlation was found between PM10, NO2, O3 and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The risk of diabetes increased by 1% in people exposed to total air pollutants, increased by 2% in people exposed to PM2.5, and increased by 1% in people exposed to NOX.Conclusion: Results of this paper showed that air pollutants are weakly positively correlated with the risk of diabetes. As to the other influencing factors should be further studied.