bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate Prediction of Gas Chromatographic Retention Times via Density Functional Theory Calculations: A Case Study Using Brominated Flame Retardants
Authors: Izydorczak Alexandra M. , Gross Michael S. , Aga Diana S. , Simpson Scott 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIdentification of structurally similar congeners of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) can be challenging without the use of analytical standards. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations paired with gas chromatographic (GC) retention times of reference standards were used to predict the retention times of PBDE congeners. This was accomplished by calculating polarizability of 31 PBDEs using the open‐sourced software package General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System (GAMESS). Three PBDEs were randomly chosen from a training set of PBDEs and were treated as “unknowns” to test the accuracy of linear regressions constructed from calculated polarizabilities versus experimentally determined retention times. The top performing functionals predicted retention times of these “unknown” congeners to be within 1.3% and 3% for the DB‐5HT GC column and the ZB‐SemiVolatiles GC column, respectively. This study demonstrates that DFT calculations combined with experimental retention times can be used to aid in the identification of unknown analytes or, at the very least, reduce the number of plausible identities of analytes.
Synthesis of a Novel CQDs‐GO‐Ag2S Composite and Study on the Adsorption of Methylene Blue
Authors: Zhang Dongqiang , Xu Jialin , Liang Lei , Li Hongxia , Du Mei , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Kunjie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present work aims to develop a composite that takes the advantages of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) such as wide absorption band, high optical absorption coefficient and chemical stability as well as the nano‐sized silver sulfide with excellent redox capacity and the strong absorption in the visible range. Such nanocomposites were crafted on a template developed using polyethyleneimine (PEI) modified Graphene oxide (GO). The adsorption properties of methylene blue dyes were tested. With the large specific surface area, the as prepared nanocomposites achieved the removal rate of the blue dye up to 99.0%. The adsorption process was able to be described using the Freundlich isothermal model, wherein, the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained as 348 mg⋅g−1. Thermodynamic analysis indicates the adsorption is entropy driven process with ΔG < 0, ΔH > 0, and ΔS > 0. The present study shows that CQDs‐GO‐Ag2S composites as a promising adsorbent that may be applied to wastewater treatment and waste gas removal.
Transsynaptic tracing and its emerging use to assess graft-reconstructed neural circuits
Authors: Adler Andrew F. , Björklund Anders , Parmar Malin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Fetal neural progenitor grafts have been evaluated in preclinical animal models of spinal cord injury and Parkinson's disease for decades, but the initial reliance on primary tissue as a cell source limited the scale of their clinical translatability. With the development of robust methods to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells to specific neural subtypes, cell replacement therapy holds renewed promise to treat a variety of neurodegenerative diseases and injuries at scale. As these cell sources are evaluated in preclinical models, new transsynaptic tracing methods are making it possible to study the connectivity between host and graft neurons with greater speed and detail than was previously possible. To date, these studies have revealed that widespread, long-lasting, and anatomically appropriate synaptic contacts are established between host and graft neurons, as well as new aspects of host-graft connectivity which may be relevant to clinical cell replacement therapy. It is not yet clear, however, whether the synaptic connectivity between graft and host neurons is as cell-type specific as it is in the endogenous nervous system, or whether that connectivity is responsible for the functional efficacy of cell replacement therapy. Here, we review evidence suggesting that the new contacts established between host and graft neurons may indeed be cell-type specific, and how transsynaptic tracing can be used in the future to further elucidate the mechanisms of graft-mediated functional recovery in spinal cord injury and Parkinson's disease.
Environmental Citizenship in Primary Formal Education
Authors: Činčera Jan , Romero-Ariza Marta , Zabic Mirjana , Kalaitzidaki Marianna , del Consuelo Díez Bedmar María 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe concept of Environmental Citizenship, as it has been developed in this project, calls for the development of specific awareness, attitudes, skills, behaviours and competences that need to be cultivated from early childhood for active civic participation. Primary formal education could provide opportunities for the achievement of these goals. In this chapter, we elaborate on how Environmental Citizenship, which provides the specifics of age and formal settings, could be approached and the educational strategies that could be recommended or avoided based on the existing literature. This chapter also provides an overview of the most important educational aims regarding the development of Environmental Citizenship in primary formal education. These include environmental sensitivity, a sense of justice, a basic understanding of ecological systems, necessary skills for the investigation of ecological and social phenomena, and action skills that relate to active participation in community issues. We suggest that successful educational interventions, integrated pedagogical approaches and key designing principles could promote Environmental Citizenship at primary schools. In addition, effective training and professional development programmes can equip teachers with the knowledge, values, skills and strategies necessary to implement Environmental Citizenship at this level.
Political Dimensions of Environmental Citizenship
Authors: Levinson Ralph , Paraskeva-Hadjichambi Demetra , Bedsted Bjørn , Manov Boris , Hadjichambis Andreas Ch. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConceptions of Environmental Citizenship are core to models of sustainability. Such contested conceptions raise historically significant questions associated with the rights of the individual and the responsibility of the community to the environment. Attitudes towards sustainability beg questions of models of citizenship ranging from compliance through democratic deliberation to active dissent. Philosophical problems also intersect with Environmental Citizenship. Ecocentrism prioritises a systemic holistic view of Nature in which the human species has no privileged role. Anthropocentrism in its more liberal aspect has an instrumental view of Nature underpinned by beneficence. These divergent ideologies also presuppose metaphysical and ontological questions about the relationship between Mind and Nature, hence fundamental implications for education and citizenship more broadly. There are, of course, intermediate positions. This raises three driving questions:

What are the main philosophical and political positions associated with Environmental Citizenship?

What are the justifications underpinning particular approaches to Environmental Citizenship?

Can we map the main components of Environmental Citizenship to create a coherent European and Global approach to inquiry?
Circumnavigating collinear superspace
Authors: Cohen Timothy , Elor Gilly , Larkoski Andrew J. , Thaler Jesse 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we extend the collinear superspace formalism to include the full range of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 supersymmetric interactions. Building on the effective field theory rules developed in a companion paper —Navigating Collinear Superspace[1] — we construct collinear superspace Lagrangians for theories with non-trivialF- andD-term auxiliary fields. For (massless) Wess-Zumino models, the key ingredient is a novel type of Grassmann-valued supermultiplet whose lowest component is a (non-propagating) fermionic degree of freedom. For gauge theories coupled to charged chiral matter, the key ingredient is a novel type of vector superfield whose lowest component is a non-propagating gauge potential. This unique vector superfield is used to construct a gauge-covariant derivative; while such an object does not appear in the standard full superspace formalism, it is crucial for modeling gauge interactions when the theory is expres sed on a collinear slice. This brings us full circle, by showing that all types of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 theories in four dimensions can beconstructed in collinear superspace from purely infrared considerations. We speculate that supersymmetric theories with$$ \mathcal{N} $$N> 1 could also be implemented using similar collinear superspace constructions.
Measurement of $$ {D}^0-\overline{D} $$0 Mixing Parameters Using Semileptonic Decays of Neutral Kaon
Authors: Pakhlov P. , Popov V. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We propose a new method to extract $$ {D}^0-\overline{D} $$

D
0

−

D
¯

0 mixing parameters using the D0→$$ \overline{K} $$

K
¯

0π0 decay with the $$ \overline{K} $$

K
¯

0 reconstructed in the semileptonic mode. Although a K0 → π±ℓ∓vℓ decay suffers from low statistics and complexity of the secondary vertex reconstruction in comparison to the standard $$ {K}_S^0\to {\pi}^{+}{\pi}^{-} $$

K
S
0

→

π
+

π
−

vertex, it provides much richer, sometimes unique information about the initial state of a K0-meson produced in a heavy-flavor hadron decay. In this paper it is shown that the reconstruction of the chain D0 → K0(π±ℓ∓vℓ)π0 allows one to extract the strong phase difference between the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed and Cabibbo-favored decay amplitudes, which is of key importance for determination of the $$ {D}^0-\overline{D} $$

D
0

−

D
¯

0 -mixing parameters.
Event-related and readiness potentials when preparing to approach and avoid alcohol cues following cue avoidance training in heavy drinkers
Authors: Di Lemma Lisa C. G. , Stancak Andrej , Soto Vicente , Fallon Nick , Field Matt 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Rationale
Cue avoidance training (CAT) reduces alcohol consumption in the laboratory. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie the effects of this intervention are poorly understood.

Objectives
The present study investigated the effects of a single session of CAT on event-related and readiness potentials during preparation of approach and avoidance movements to alcohol cues.

Methods
Heavy drinking young adults (N = 60) were randomly assigned to complete either CAT or control training. After training, we recorded participants’ event-related and motor readiness potentials as they were preparing to respond.

Results
In the CAT group, N200 amplitude was higher when preparing to approach rather than avoid alcohol pictures. In the control group, N200 amplitudes did not differ for approach and avoidance to alcohol pictures. Regarding the late positive potential (LPP), in the CAT group, the negativity of this was blunted when preparing to avoid alcohol pictures relative to when preparing to avoid control pictures. In the control group, the negativity of the LPP was blunted when preparing to approach alcohol pictures relative to when preparing to approach control pictures. There were no effects on motor readiness potentials. Behavioural effects indicated short-lived effects of training on reaction times during the training block that did not persist when participants were given time to prepare their motor response before executing it during the EEG testing block.

Conclusions
After a single session of CAT, the enhanced N200 when approaching alcohol cues may indicate the engagement of executive control to overcome the associations learned during training. These findings clarify the neural mechanisms that may underlie the effects of CAT on drinking behaviour.
Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI): evaluation of 2D-perfusion angiography (2D-PA) for early treatment response assessment
Authors: Becker Lena S. , Stahl Klaus , Meine Timo C. , von Falck Christian , Meyer Bernhard C. , Dewald Cornelia L. A. , Rittgerodt Nina , Busch Markus , David Sascha , Wacker Frank , Hinrichs Jan B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the feasibility of 2D-perfusion angiography (2D-PA) for the analysis of intra-procedural treatment response after intra-arterial prostaglandin E1 therapy in patients with non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI).

Methods
Overall, 20 procedures in 18 NOMI patients were included in this retrospective case–control study. To evaluate intra-procedural splanchnic circulation changes, post-processing of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) series was performed. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA; reference), the portal vein (PV; ROIPV), as well as the aorta next to the origin of the SMA (ROIAorta). Peak density (PD), time to peak (TTP), and area under the curve (AUC) were assessed, and parametric ratios ‘target ROIPD, TTP, AUC/reference ROI’ were computed and compared within treatment and control group. Additionally, a NOMI score was assessed pre- and post-treatment compared to 2D-PA.

Results
Vasodilator therapy leads to a significant decrease of the 2D-PA-derived values PDAorta (p = 0.04) and AUCAorta (p = 0.03). These findings correlated with changes of the simplified NOMI score, both for overall (4 to 1, p < 0.0001) and for each category. Prostaglandin application caused a significant increase of the AUCPV (p = 0.04) and TTPPV was accelerated without reaching statistical significance (p = 0.13). When compared to a control group, all 2D-PA values in the NOMI group (pre- and post-intervention) differed significantly (p < 0.05) with longer TTPAorta/PV and lower AUCAorta/PV and PD Aorta/PV.

Conclusion
2D-PA offers an objective approach to analyze immediate flow and perfusion changes following vasodilatory therapies of NOMI patients and may be a valuable tool for assessing treatment response.
Lage und Zukunft des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses
Authors: Lenk Kerstin , Gleirscher Mario , Nestler Simon , Rödiger Stefan , Petersen Tom , Loebel Jens-Martin 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beirat des Wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses (GI-WiN) der Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI) fordert und empfiehlt Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Lage von Promovierenden sowie Postdoktoranden und Postdoktorandinnen in der Informatik und anderen Technikwissenschaften.Promovierende sowie Postdoktoranden und Postdoktorandinnen im Bereich der Informatik sind in zunehmendem Maß von den komplexen strukturellen und finanziellen Problematiken des Wissenschafts- und Lehrbetriebs betroffen. Der Flaschenhals auf dem Weg zur Professur führt in der akademischen Karriere zu prekären Beschäftigungsverhältnissen. Die schwierige Vereinbarkeit von Familie und akademischer Karriere erzeugt eine zusätzliche Benachteiligung, insbesondere von Wissenschaftlerinnen. Mangelnde Qualitätssicherung sowie fehlende zuverlässige und vertrauenswürdige Prozesse erschweren die Aufdeckung und Aufarbeitung von Konflikten während der Promotionsphase und der Zeit des Postdoktorats. Fehlanreize im akademischen System beeinträchtigen eine direkte, intensive und regelmäßige Betreuung der jungen Akademiker durch Professorinnen und Professoren. Eine zeitnahe Bewältigung der in diesem Beitrag skizzierten Herausforderungen ist für den zukünftigen Fortbestand von Forschungseinrichtungen an Hochschulen sowie für eine erfolgreiche Fortführung des Prinzips der Bestenauslese von zentraler Bedeutung. Vor dem Hintergrund von bereits geplanten und durchgeführten Maßnahmen zur Stärkung des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses skizziert dieser Beitrag konkrete Maßnahmen; einerseits zur Verbesserung der Betreuung während der Promotionsphase und andererseits zur Strukturierung und Schaffung weiterer Karrierewege.
Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres and Differential Expression of Endocrine Transcription Factors Distinguish Metastatic and Non-metastatic Insulinomas
Authors: Hackeng Wenzel M. , Schelhaas Willemien , Morsink Folkert H. M. , Heidsma Charlotte M. , van Eeden Susanne , Valk Gerlof D. , Vriens Menno R. , Heaphy Christopher M. , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J. M. , Offerhaus G. Johan A. , Dreijerink Koen M. A. , Brosens Lodewijk A. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInsulin-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs)/insulinomas are generally considered to be indolent tumors with an excellent prognosis after complete resection. However, some insulinomas have a poor prognosis due to relapses and metastatic disease. Recently, studies in non-functional PanNETs indicated that behavior can be stratified according to alpha- and beta-cell differentiation, as defined by expression of the transcription factors ARX and PDX1, respectively. It is unknown whether similar mechanisms play a role in insulinomas. Therefore, we determined ARX and PDX1 expression in a cohort of 35 sporadic primary insulinomas and two liver metastases of inoperable primary insulinomas. In addition, WHO grade and loss of ATRX or DAXX were determined by immunohistochemistry, and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) and CDKN2A status by fluorescence in situ hybridization. These findings were correlated with tumor characteristics and clinical follow-up data. In total, five out of 37 insulinoma patients developed metastatic disease. Metastatic insulinomas were all larger than 3 cm, whereas the indolent insulinomas were smaller (p value < 0.05). All three primary insulinomas that metastasized showed ARX expression, 2/3 showed ALT, and 1/3 had a homozygous deletion of CDKN2A as opposed to absence of ARX expression, ALT, or CDKN2A deletions in the 32 non-metastatic cases. The two liver metastases also showed ARX expression and ALT (2/2). The presence of ARX expression, which is usually absent in beta-cells, and genetic alterations not seen in indolent insulinomas strongly suggest a distinct tumorigenic mechanism in malignant insulinomas, with similarities to non-functional PanNETs. These observations may inform future follow-up strategies after insulinoma surgery.
Measuring Well-Being in Sport Performers: Where are We Now and How do we Progress?
Authors: Giles Samuel , Fletcher David , Arnold Rachel , Ashfield Arabella , Harrison Joanna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe importance of optimal well-being and mental health in elite athletes has received increasing attention and debate in both the academic and public discourse. Despite the number of challenges and risk factors for mental health and well-being recognised within the performance lifestyle of elite athletes, the evidence base for intervention is limited by a number of methodological and conceptual issues. Notably, there exists an increasing emphasis on the development of appropriate sport-specific measures of athlete well-being, which are required to underpin strategies targeted at the protection and enhancement of psychosocial functioning. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review psychometric issues in well-being research and discuss the implications for the measurement of well-being in sport psychology research. Drawing on the broader literature in related disciplines of psychology, the narrative discusses four key areas in the scale development process: conceptual and theoretical issues, item development issues, measurement and scoring issues, and analytical and statistical issues. To conclude, a summary of the key implications for sport psychology researchers seeking to develop a measure of well-being is presented.
A New Method of Improving the Azimuth in Mountainous Terrain by Skyline Matching
Authors: Nagy Balázs 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) applications have a serious problem with the accuracy of the azimuth angle provided by mobile devices. The fusion of the digital magnetic compass (DMC), accelerometer and gyroscope gives the translation and rotation of the observer in 3D space. However, the precision is not always appropriate since DMC is prone to interference when using it near metal objects or electric currents. The silhouette of ridges separates the sky from the terrain and forms the skyline or horizon line in a mountainous scenery. This salient feature can be used for orientation. With the camera of the device and a digital elevation model (DEM) the correct azimuth angle could be determined. This study proposes an effective method to adjust the azimuth by identifying the skyline from an image and matches it with the skyline of the DEM. This approach does not require manual interaction. The algorithm has also been validated in a real-world environment.
Supercapatteries as High-Performance Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Yu Linpo , Chen George Zheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The development of novel electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies to enhance the performance of EES devices in terms of energy capacity, power capability and cycling life is urgently needed. To address this need, supercapatteries are being developed as innovative hybrid EES devices that can combine the merits of rechargeable batteries with the merits of supercapacitors into one device. Based on these developments, this review will present various aspects of supercapatteries ranging from charge storage mechanisms to material selection including electrode and electrolyte materials. In addition, strategies to pair different types of electrode materials will be discussed and proposed, including the bipolar stacking of multiple supercapattery cells internally connected in series to enhance the energy density of stacks by reducing the number of bipolar plates. Furthermore, challenges for this stack design will also be discussed together with recent progress on bipolar plates.

Graphic Abstract
Supercapattery is an innovated hybrid electrochemical energy storage (EES) device that combines the merit of rechargeable battery and supercapacitor characteristics into one device. This article reviews supercapatteries from the charge storage mechanisms to the selection of materials including the materials of electrodes and electrolytes. Strategies for pairing different kinds of electrode materials and device engineering are discussed.
Linking dissemination and implementation science to Learning Health Systems: Opportunities for Clinical and Translational Science Award institutions
Authors: Bennett Nancy M. , Orlando Elissa , Meissner Paul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLearning Health Systems (LHS) iteratively implement and evaluate health improvement projects. Dissemination and implementation (D&I) science is the study of evidence-based practices in real-world settings, a critical tool for LHS. This paper explores intersections between LHS and D&I science in Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) institutions and identifies critical components of collaboration. We conducted website scans of 34 CTSAs and their home institutions that had Dissemination, Implementation, and Knowledge Translation (DIKT) Workgroup members. We identified linkages between CTSAs and their institutions’ LHS. We interviewed six CTSA leaders experienced in LHS and D&I sciences. Nearly half of CTSAs identified an LHS structure on their websites, but only one-third indicates CTSA involvement in these efforts. Interviewees identified key components for successful integration of LHS and D&I sciences: leadership, infrastructure, balance between rigor and efficiency, and aligned incentives. The need for research integration in LHS, to improve evaluation and increase knowledge, is an emerging opportunity for D&I scientists and CTSAs. CTSAs that are engaged in D&I science can introduce and/or expand the role of D&I science in LHS. Collaboration between CTSAs and clinical leaders could result in strengthened relationships between clinical and research enterprises, effective and efficient health care delivery, and improved health.