bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does serum vitamin D level affect the association between cardiovascular health and cognition? Results of the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) study
Authors: Jeon Y. J. , Jung S. J. , Kim H. C. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeFew studies have assessed the role of vitamin D in the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive function. Here, the aim was to investigate the association between cardiovascular health (CVH) and cognitive function according to vitamin D level in a middle‐aged Korean population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 840 men and 1811 women (mean age 57.2 years) from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center study baseline enrolment (2013–2018). Life's Simple 7 tools from the American Heart Association were used to assess CVH. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini‐Mental State Estimation for Dementia Screening (MMSE‐DS), and the serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level was measured.ResultsIn the adjusted generalized linear regression models, no significant association between a high Life’s Simple 7 score (4–7 metric at optimal level) and MMSE‐DS score (β = 0.01, P = 0.93) was found. Amongst men with a high vitamin D level, the high Life’s Simple 7 score group showed a significantly higher MMSE‐DS score (β = 0.48, P = 0.03). However, amongst men in the low vitamin D group, the association was opposite with no statistical significance (β = −0.23, P = 0.08). In women, the results were similar, but both strata according to vitamin D level showed no statistical significance.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that vitamin D is an effect modifier in the association between CVH and cognition, especially in men.
Changes in dental fear and its relations to anxiety and depression in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Hagqvist Outi , Tolvanen Mimmi , Rantavuori Kari , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Lahti Satu 
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to: (i) evaluate short‐term changes in dental fear during a 9‐month period among women and men, and (ii) evaluate whether the course and magnitude of changes in dental fear were associated with changes in depression and anxiety. The longitudinal data of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study were used. Out of 3808 women and 2623 men, 1984 women and 1082 men filled in the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) at gestational weeks 14 and 34, and 3 months after childbirth. Other questionnaires used were the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist‐90. All scales were analyzed as sum scores. The MDAS was also trichotomized to assess the stability of dental fear. Statistical significances of the changes in dental fear, depression, and general anxiety were evaluated using repeated‐measures Friedman tests. Correlation coefficients were used to describe the associations between measures (Spearman) and their changes (Pearson). Dental fear more often increased than decreased, but for the majority it was stable. On average, dental fear, depression, and anxiety symptoms correlated throughout the study. The correlations tended to be stronger with depressive symptoms. However, the relationships between changes in dental fear, depression, and anxiety were not systematic.
Diagnostic algorithm for children presenting with epilepsia partialis continua
Authors: Surana Snehal , Rossor Thomas , Hassell Jane , Boyd Stewart , D'Arco Felice , Aylett Sarah , Bhate Sanjay , Carr Lucinda , Das Krishna , DeVile Catherine , Eltze Christin , Hemingway Cheryl , Kaliakatsos Marios , O'Callaghan Finbar , Prabhakar Prab , Robinson Robert , Varadkar Sophia , Helen Cross J , Hacohen Yael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize a cohort of children with epilepsia partialis continua(EPC) and develop a diagnostic algorithm incorporating key differential diagnoses.MethodsChildren presenting with EPC to a tertiary pediatric neurology center between 2002 and 2019 were characterized.ResultsFifty‐four children fulfilled EPC criteria. Median age at onset was 7 years (range 0.6‐15), with median follow‐up of 4.3 years (range 0.2‐16). The diagnosis was Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) in 30 of 54 (56%), a mitochondrial disorder in 12 of 54 (22.2%), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion‐positive focal epilepsy in 6 of 54 (11.1%). No diagnosis was made in 5 of 54 (9%). Children with mitochondrial disorders developed EPC earlier; each additional year at presentation reduced the odds of a mitochondrial diagnosis by 26% (P = .02). Preceding developmental concerns (odds ratio [OR] 22,P < .001), no seizures prior to EPC (OR 22,P < .001), bilateral slowing on electroencephalogram (EEG) (OR 26,P < .001), and increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein level (OR 16) predicted a mitochondrial disorder. Asymmetry or hemiatrophy was evident on MRI at presentation with EPC in 18 of 30 (60%) children with RE, and in the remainder at a median of 6 months (range 3‐15) after EPC onset. The first diagnostic test is brain MRI. Hemiatrophy may permit a diagnosis of RE with unilateral clinical and EEG findings. For children in whom a diagnosis of RE cannot be made on first scan but the clinical and radiological presentation resembles RE, repeat imaging every 6 months is recommended to detect progressive unicortical hemiatrophy, and brain biopsy should be considered. Evidence of intrathecal inflammation (oligoclonal bands and raised neopterin) can be supportive. In children with bihemispheric EPC, rapid polymerase gamma testing is recommended and if negative, sequencing mtDNA and whole‐exome sequencing on blood‐derived DNA should be performed.SignificanceChildren presenting with EPC due to a mitochondrial disorder show clinical features distinguishing them from RE and structural epilepsies. A diagnostic algorithm for children with EPC will allow targeted investigation and timely diagnosis.
Knowledge based approach to ground refuelling optimization of commercial airplanes
Authors: Plaza Elías , Santos Matilde 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work aims to establish a general and optimized procedure for the initial refuelling of commercial airplanes, as this loading process is strongly related to safety and energy saving issues. The on‐ground refuelling is addressed as an optimization problem whose cost function involves expert knowledge about constraints and factors that influence the aircraft stability and performance. Several heterogeneous criteria (fuelling time, structural load, flow transfers, etc.) have been considered and weighted accordance to its importance in terms of stability. This allows us to adapt the strategy to any type and planned trip of the airplane. The priority is the positioning of the centre of mass of the civil aircraft within safety and manoeuvrability margins, and near the optimal position. Evolutive algorithms are applied, keeping feasible solutions by modifying genetic operators. As a case of study, the initial refuelling of a long range type commercial aircraft, the Airbus A330‐200, is analysed. Simulation results have proved this methodology to be efficient and optimal. Even more, this heuristic and general approach improves the traditional solution that follows a set of pre‐defined rules that are specific for each type of aircraft.
Regulation of fish stocks without stock–recruitment relationships: The case of small pelagic fish
Authors: Canales T. Mariella , Delius Gustav W. , Law Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSmall pelagic fish lack clear stock–recruitment relationships. This is a problem because such relationships are taken to be the primary descriptors of density dependence, responsible for regulating population density. In this paper, we show that small pelagic fish species, anchovy (Engraulis spp., Engraulidae), living in a stochastic environment, can be strongly regulated without a stock–recruitment relationship emerging. This is done through numerical analysis of a size‐spectrum model, in which fish grow by eating and die in part from being eaten, with the result that birth, growth and death are all density‐dependent. The model includes cannibalism, and growth‐dependent larval mortality, both of which have been suggested as regulatory mechanisms in anchovy, together with growth and reproduction later in life. Despite the lack of a clear stock–recruitment relationship in the presence of stochasticity, signals of density dependence in the vital rates remain clear, suggesting that they might prove to be better indicators of density dependence than stock–recruitment relationships in small pelagic fish.
Fatigue characterization study of CFRP under hygrothermal environment based on continuum damage mechanics model
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Xiao Mingqing , Ding Junliang , Zhu Haizhen , Chen Yaojun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarbon fibre‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are now widely used for high‐performance fields such as aircraft structures. On average, these structural components are subjected with more than 108 cycles during their lifetime. To make full use of the mechanical performance of CFRP, the fatigue behaviour needs to be well studied. Nevertheless, at present, fatigue behaviour and failure mechanisms of CFRP under hygrothermal environment are not sufficiently investigated. To obtain comprehensive knowledge about fatigue behaviour and failure mechanisms of CFRP, hygrothermal tests and ultrasonic three‐point bending fatigue experiments are designed. Besides, a damage variable is proposed as the function of stiffness to evaluate the fatigue degradation of the composite. A nonlinear continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model is compared with three models and employed for fatigue damage evolution under cyclic loading. Compared with the other three models, the experimental results show a better consistency between the result of the CDM model and the measured damage. Meanwhile, the damage variable expresses the damage state of the composite effectively. The damage variable and the CDM model provide a reference for fatigue characterization analysis and further life prediction of CFRP.
Taxonomic and functional homogenisation of macroinvertebrate communities in recently intermittent Alpine watercourses
Authors: Piano Elena , Doretto Alberto , Mammola Stefano , Falasco Elisa , Fenoglio Stefano , Bona Francesca 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Mountain streams in southwestern European Alps are currently shifting from perennial to intermittent flow due to the combined effects of climate change and local anthropogenic pressures. Given that flow intermittency is a recently documented phenomenon in the Alps, only scattered studies have investigated functional and taxonomical diversity of benthic invertebrate communities in recently intermittent Alpine streams.

We used a hierarchical sampling design to investigate patterns in taxonomic and functional diversity of benthic invertebrate communities in 13 recently intermittent Alpine streams in north‐west Italy. in April 2017, we sampled benthic communities in two reaches of each stream with different hydrological conditions: a control reach, with permanent flow; and an intermittent reach, which recently experienced non‐flow periods in summer.

We tested for the response of taxonomic richness at multiple spatial scales by partitioning total diversity into the average richness of local communities and the richness due to variation among local communities both within and among reaches. By partitioning total diversity (γ) into its local (α) and turnover (β) components we showed a decrease in local and regional species richness both within and among reaches, whereas variation among communities was significantly lower in intermittent reaches at the reach scale only.

The analysis of multidimensional trait space of macroinvertebrate communities in reaches with different hydrological conditions revealed a significant reduction of functional diversity, dispersion, and evenness in intermittent reaches. There was trait overdispersion in intermittent reaches, as these hosted both typical Alpine taxa and organisms adapted to flow intermittency. In particular, we observed the replacement of taxa with aquatic respiration and those preferring medium‐ to fast‐flowing oligotrophic waters by taxa adapted to lentic habitats, air breathing and with larval dormancy phases.

These results indicate that recent flow intermittency has caused drastic changes in benthic invertebrate communities in Alpine streams. Our work highlights the importance of integrating taxonomic and functional diversity to thoroughly assess the impacts of flow intermittency.
An agenda for the study of Public Administration in Developing Countries
Authors: Bertelli Anthony M. , Hassan Mai , Honig Dan , Rogger Daniel , Williams Martin J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping nations demand a different scholarly approach in the field of public administration. We advance an agenda for research that stands on four pillars. First, in the absence of easily accessible data scholars of developing world public administration must assemble it for themselves. Second, building and testing theory plays a paramount role because researchers face limited information. Third, in developing countries, multi‐national and non‐governmental organizations are often crucial and must be considered in studying public administration. Fourth, given the novelties and ambiguities researchers face, qualitative information must be integrated throughout the research process. Our article—and the articles in this volume—constitute a call for developing country research to contribute to the study of public administration writ large, informing our understanding of both developing and developed states.
Patient‐reported outcomes from the investigational device exemption study of the Tablo hemodialysis system
Authors: Chertow Glenn M. , Alvarez Luis , Plumb Troy J. , Prichard Sarah S. , Aragon Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe recently completed an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) study in which 30 patients were enrolled (13 patients previously on home hemodialysis (HHD) and 17 patients new to HHD) and treated with the Tablo Hemodialysis System (Outset Medical, Inc., San Jose, CA) for 8 weeks in‐center and 8 weeks in‐home with an interim 2–4 week transition period for home training.MethodsIn addition to assessments of urea kinetics, events related to safety, and operational issues (e.g., alarm resolution), we obtained data on several parameters of health‐related quality of life, including time to recovery (TTR), the EQ‐5D‐5L (a well‐validated measure of general health status), and the quality of sleep and related symptoms, to further assess the safety of HHD with Tablo. We compared results obtained during the in‐center and in‐home phases of the trial.ResultsTwenty‐eight of 30 patients (93%) completed all trial periods. Adherence to the prescribed four treatments per week schedule was 96% in‐center and 99% in‐home. Median TTR was 1.5 hours (10th, 90th percentile range 0.17 to 12, mean TTR 3.68 ± 5.88 hours) during the in‐center and 2 hours (10th, 90th percentile range 0 to 6.0, mean TTR 3.04 ± 5.14 hours) during the at‐home phase (Wilcoxon signed rank p = 0.57). Median index values on the EQ‐5D‐5L were similar during the in‐center (0.832, 10th, 90th percentile range 0.617 to 1, mean 0.817 ± 0.165) and in‐home (0.826, 10th, 90th percentile range 0.603 to 1, mean 0.821 ± 0.163) trial phases (Wilcoxon signed rank p = 0.36). Patients reported feeling alert or well‐rested with little difficulty falling or staying asleep or feeling tired and worn out when using Tablo in either environment.ConclusionWhen using Tablo in‐home, patients reported similar TTR, general health status, and sleep quality and related symptoms compared to using Tablo in‐center. (294 words).
Instructional leadership in higher education: The case of Israel
Authors: Shaked Haim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInstructional leadership demands educational leaders to become intensely involved in improving teaching and learning. While extensive research found this approach to be beneficial in school settings, it was insufficiently explored in higher education. Therefore, the current study explored how Israeli higher education leaders perceive their leadership role in relation to teaching and learning. Participants were 22 heads of departments in higher education institutions in Israel. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews, and analysed in a four‐stage process—condensing, coding, categorising and theorising. Findings indicated that higher education leaders in Israel demonstrated very little instructional leadership, based on three perceptions: regarding the autonomy of faculty members, the low priority of teaching quality in higher education, and the style of teaching required in academia. To enable the borrowing of instructional leadership from the school system context to the higher education context, a customised version of instructional leadership is needed.
4. TECHNOPOLITICS IN THE ARCHIVE: SOVEREIGNTY, RESEARCH, AND EVERYDAY LIFE
Authors: ÖZDEN‐SCHILLING TOM 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis article explores the place of the archive in the context of land claims research. This essay develops a critical approach to identity technopolitics with the aim of helping historians working with indigenous communities to ask new kinds of questions about the relationships and subject positions opened up by archivization and the myriad other technologies of land claims research. Since researchers first began preparing for the Canadian case, Delgamuukw’ and Gisday'wa v. The Queen, four decades ago, the immense stores of documentary evidence generated for the trial have given ground to numerous new claims and conflicts. Tracing the experiences of one prominent Gitxsan historical researcher who has leveraged his own archive and expertise to build genealogies for hundreds of individuals, I explore the intimate disappointments and impossible obligations that indigenous historians must mediate.
7. TOWARD A GENEALOGY OF THE RESEARCHER AS SUBJECT IN POST/DECOLONIAL PACIFIC HISTORIES
Authors: JOHNSON MIRANDA 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTRecent discussion has drawn out some important differences between postcolonial and decolonial theories. The former are associated primarily with the work of South Asian scholars working in cultural, literary, or historical studies; decolonial scholarship, by contrast, is located in Latin America and has emerged from sociological critiques of dependency theory. Shifting the locus of debate to the Pacific centers another subject in globalizing critiques of colonialism: the historian in indigenous communities. In this article, I examine how the role of the researcher is conceptualized in Linda Tuhiwai Smith's landmark work Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples (1999). Revealing tensions between objectivity and intersubjectivity, on the one hand, and between essentialist identity and hybridity, on the other, I ask why Smith's book hinges on dichotomizing nonindigenous and indigenous researchers, who are by turn enabled or constrained in a colonial present. I situate this late twentieth‐century subject in a genealogy of indigenous engagement with history and anthropology in New Zealand and contemporary problems of historical justice.
WONDER: FROM POETICS TO POLITICS
Authors: Aurell Jaume 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTMarnie Hughes‐Warrington's book, History as Wonder: Beginning with Historiography, invites readers to reconsider the power of wonder as a critical concept whose theoretical implications go far beyond its evident ability to inspire historical research. Wonder is supposedly a neutral weapon for historians, one that is limited to promoting incessant curiosity about the past. Attempting to move from a poetic and aesthetic vision of wonder to a consideration of the concept's ethical and political uses, Hughes‐Warrington claims that “historians since Herodotus have engaged with or responded to the efforts of thinkers who attempt to make general sense of the world, metaphysicians” (xii). In what follows, I challenge Hughes‐Warrington's approach by emphasizing and exploring the epistemological questions History as Wonder raises about who holds the power to establish a conventional sense of the world and to what extent historical research may offer general explanations of the world without succumbing to precritical assumptions or metahistorical reductionisms.
Association between genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of the defensin beta 1 gene and persistent apical periodontitis
Authors: Antunes L. S. , Carvalho L. , Petean I. B. F. , Antunes L. A. , Freitas J. V. , Salles A. G. , Olej B. , Oliveira D. S. B. , Küchler E. C. , Sousa‐Neto M. D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between the promoter region of defensin beta 1 (DEFB1) genetic polymorphisms and persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) in Brazilian patients.MethodologySeventy‐three patients with post‐treatment PAP (PAP group) and 89 patients with root filled teeth with healed and healthy periradicular tissues (healed group) were included (all teeth had apical periodontitis lesions at the beginning of the treatment). Patients who had undergone at least 1 year of follow‐up after root canal treatment were recalled, and their genomic DNA was extracted from saliva. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DEFB1 at the g. −52G>A (rs1799946) and g. −20G>A (rs11362) positions were analysed using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The chi‐squared test was performed, and the odds ratios were calculated using Epi Info 3.5.2. Logistic regression analysis in the codominant model, using the time of follow‐up as a variable, was used to evaluate the SNP‐SNP interaction. All tests were performed with an established alpha of 0.05 (P = 0.05).ResultsFor the rs11362 polymorphism in the codominant and recessive models, patients who carried two copies of the T allele had a significantly lower risk of developing PAP (P = 0.040 and P = 0.031, respectively). For the rs1799946 polymorphism in DEFB1 in the codominant and recessive models, carrying one copy of the T allele significantly increased the risk of developing PAP (P = 0.007 and P = 0.031, respectively). In the logistic regression, both polymorphisms were associated with PAP as well as the SNP–SNP interaction (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsPolymorphisms in DEFB1 genes were associated with the development of post‐treatment persistent apical periodontitis.
Follicular mucinosis: a review
Authors: Khalil Joanna , Kurban Mazen , Abbas Ossama 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFollicular mucinosis (FM) is an epithelial reaction pattern characterized by follicular mucin accumulation. It has been described in association with various inflammatory and neoplastic cutaneous disorders. FM is generally divided into a primary benign idiopathic form and a secondary form usually occurring in association with cutaneous lymphomas (especially mycosis fungoides), among other entities. Distinction between the two forms can be challenging as they share many overlapping features and the lack of a single diagnostic tool to differentiate between the two. Making the distinction may require evaluating and correlating the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies together. Long‐term clinical follow‐up also remains very important. In this review, we describe the different entities associated with FM, its pathogenesis, and possible therapeutic options.