bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Belowground biomass of alpine shrublands across the northeast Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xiuqing Nie , Wang Dong , Lucun Yang , Li Fan , Guoying Zhou 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough belowground biomass (BGB) plays an important role in global cycling, the storage of BGB and climatic effects on it are remaining unclear. With data from 49 sites, we aimed to investigate BGB and its climatic controls in alpine shrublands in the Tibetan Plateau. Our study showed that the BGB (both grass‐layer and shrub‐layer biomass) storage in the alpine shrublands was 67.24 Tg, and the mean BGB density and shrublands area were 1,567.38 g/m2 and 4.29 × 104 km2, respectively. Shrub layer had a larger BGB stock and accounted for 66% of total BGB this area, while only 34% was accumulated in the grass layer. BGB of the grass layer in the Tibetan Plateau shrublands was larger than that of Tibetan alpine grasslands, indicating that shrubland ecosystem played a critical importance role in carbon cycle on the Tibetan Plateau. The BGB in the grass layer and shrub layer demonstrated different correlations with climatic factors. Specifically, the effects from mean annual temperature on shrub‐layer BGB were not significant, similarly to the relationship between mean annual precipitation and grass‐layer BGB. But shrub‐layer BGB had a significantly positive relationship with mean annual precipitation (p < .05), while grass‐layer BGB showed a trend of decrease with increasing mean annual temperature (p < .05). Consequently, the actual and potential increases of BGB varied due to different increases of mean annual precipitation and temperature among different areas of the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, in the warmer and wetter scenario, due to contrary relationships from mean annual precipitation and temperature on shrub‐layer BGB and grass‐layer BGB, it is necessary to conduct a long‐term monitoring about dynamic changes to increase the precision of assessment of BGB carbon sequestration in the Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands.
Hypolipidemic and anti‐atherogenic activities of crude polysaccharides from abalone viscera
Authors: Liu Binxiong , Jia Zhen , Li Changcheng , Chen Jinquan , Fang Ting 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study was performed to evaluate the hypolipidemic and anti‐atherogenic activities of the crude polysaccharides extracted from abalone viscera (AVCP). The major functional groups of purified polysaccharides were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IR). Male Kunming mice (SPF) were divided into six groups and were treated with normal diet or high‐fat diet with AVCP or Xuezhikang (hypotensive drug) for 5 weeks. Physicochemnical analysis of AVCP showed the presence of 60.4% polysaccharides, 17.9% protein, 6.0% fat and 10.9% moisture. The IR analysis of AVP showed the presence of functional groups of sugar moiety and sulfate groups. The results demonstrated that AVCP not only led to significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and increase of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in plasma, but also to significant increments of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. However, AVCP played no role in mice weight. Furthermore, the results of the photomicrograph of liver tissue showed that AVCP reduced lipid droplets and prevented the disordered structure of the liver. The results suggested that AVCP exhibited significantly hypolipidemic and anti‐atherogenic activities.
Budgets versus Bans: How U.S. Law Restricts Germline Gene Editing
Authors: Johnston Josephine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn late 2019, He Jiankui, the Chinese scientist who created the world's first gene‐edited babies, and two embryologists were sentenced to prison and fined. Thirteen months earlier, when the world first learned about the experiment, He and his colleagues drew swift and nearly uniform international condemnation for prematurely moving to human trials, for the risks they took with the children's health, and for He's secrecy. The organizing committee for the second genome editing summit said the experiment failed to conform with international norms.” In the United States, the legal picture is complex. No doubt the specific experiment He performed would have run afoul of long‐standing research regulations due to its problems with informed consent and ethical review. But other laws also affect this kind of work, in particular, a budget rider that for the past four years has been included in federal appropriations legislation.
The incidence and survival outcomes of patients with primary cardiac lymphoma: A SEER‐based analysis
Authors: Xiao Min , Lin Junpeng , Xiao Tingting , Lin Yan , Ye Yong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the incidence and prognosis of primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) by using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. Patients diagnosed with PCL and the disease incidence in the SEER database from 1975 to 2016 were included. Overall survival (OS) and cause‐specific survival (CSS) curves were calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared by the log‐rank test. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to identify associations with outcome measures. The incidence of PCL was 0.011/100 000, and a predominance of elderly and male patients was observed. A total of 144 patients were enrolled. The median age of onset was 68 (9‐96) years, including 80 (55.6%) males and 64 (44.4%) females. Multivariate analysis revealed that age and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for OS (both P < .05). Ann Arbor stage and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for CSS (both P < .05). In terms of treatment modality, chemotherapy combined with surgery was an independent protective factor for OS and CSS (both P < .05). For patients with primary cardiac diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (cardiac DLBCL), multivariate analysis also showed that age, Ann Arbor stage, and chemotherapy were all independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS (all P < .05). Chemotherapy combined with surgery was associated with a significant benefit in terms of OS and CSS (both P < .05). Our study confirmed that older age and advanced Ann Arbor stage were independent risk factors for PCL, and treatment with chemotherapy or cooperation with surgery resulted in better long‐term survival.
Old Mice Have Less Transcriptional Activation But Similar Periosteal Cell Proliferation Compared to Young-Adult Mice in Response to in vivo Mechanical Loading
Authors: Chermside-Scabbo Christopher J , Harris Taylor L , Brodt Michael D , Braenne Ingrid , Zhang Bo , Farber Charles R , Silva Matthew J 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Mechanical loading is a potent strategy to induce bone formation, but with aging, the bone formation response to the same mechanical stimulus diminishes. Our main objectives were to (i) discover the potential transcriptional differences and (ii) compare the periosteal cell proliferation between tibias of young-adult and old mice in response to strain-matched mechanical loading. First, to discover potential age-related transcriptional differences, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the loading responses between tibias of young-adult (5-month) and old (22-month) C57BL/6N female mice following 1, 3, or 5 days of axial loading (loaded versus non-loaded). Compared to young-adult mice, old mice had less transcriptional activation following loading at each time point, as measured by the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the fold-changes of the DEGs. Old mice engaged fewer pathways and gene ontology (GO) processes, showing less activation of processes related to proliferation and differentiation. In tibias of young-adult mice, we observed prominent Wnt signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM), and neuronal responses, which were diminished with aging. Additionally, we identified several targets that may be effective in restoring the mechanoresponsiveness of aged bone, including nerve growth factor (NGF), Notum, prostaglandin signaling, Nell-1, and the AP-1 family. Second, to directly test the extent to which periosteal cell proliferation was diminished in old mice, we used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in a separate cohort of mice to label cells that divided during the 5-day loading interval. Young-adult and old mice had an average of 15.5 and 16.7 BrdU+ surface cells/mm, respectively, suggesting that impaired proliferation in the first 5 days of loading does not explain the diminished bone formation response with aging. We conclude that old mice have diminished transcriptional activation following mechanical loading, but periosteal proliferation in the first 5 days of loading does not differ between tibias of young-adult and old mice. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Abstract
Separation of Al(III), Mo(VI), Ni(II), and V(V) from model hydrochloric acid leach solutions of spent petroleum catalyst by solvent extraction
Authors: Le Minh Nhan , Lee Man Seung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA large number of spent catalysts are regularly discharged by petrochemical industries. The spent catalysts contain some valuable metals, such as molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium. Therefore, it is necessary to recover these high purity metals from the spent petroleum catalysts with environmentally friendly processes.RESULTSIn order to recover valuable metals such as molybdenum, vanadium, nickel, and aluminum from spent petroleum catalysts, a hydrometallurgical process consisting of leaching followed by solvent extraction was developed in the present work. First, molybdenum was separated from the leaching solution by extraction with D2EHPA and the loaded organic phase was stripped by a mixture of NH4OH and (NH4)2CO3. Second, the molybdenum free raffinate was contacted with Aliquat 336‐decanol to separate the vanadium, and then a hydrochloric acid solution was employed to strip vanadium from the corresponding loaded extractant. Since the acidity of the leach solution was high, TEHA (tris‐2‐ethylhexylamine) was chosen for the extraction of hydrochloric acid in order to increase the pH of solution. The loaded TEHA phase was then stripped by distilled water, which enabled the recovery of HCl. The nickel and aluminum in the molybdenum and vanadium free raffinate were separated by the extraction of nickel with saponified Cyanex 301 at a solution pH of 2.5. It was possible to strip nickel from the loaded organic phase by a strong hydrochloric acid solution.CONCLUSIONSA flow sheet of the proposed process for the separation of Al(III), Mo(VI), Ni(II), and V(V) was presented. The current process can be applied to aqueous solutions containing these four metals from diverse material resources. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Hybrid material based on TiO2, CuBTC, and magnetic particles as a novel photocatalyst for MB removal
Authors: Vu Cuong M , Nguyen Van‐Huy , Thi Huong V , Jin Chung W , Nguyen Dinh D 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe hybrid material based on TiO2, organic framework, and CuFe2O4 magnetic particles were synthesized and applied as photocatalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) solution. The effects of irradiation time and photocatalyst type on photodegradation efficiency were investigated in detail.RESULTSThe photocatalytic activity under UV irradiation increased in the following order:TiO2 < CuFe2O4@TiO2 < CuFe2O4@TiO2@CuBTC. The CuFe2O4/TiO2/CuBTCphotocatalyst retained its activity even after five cycles, with the photodegradation efficiency reaching approximately 82.6%.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of both CuFe2O4and CuBTC induced a positive effect on photocatalytic properties of TiO2with an enhancement of the photo‐decolorization of MB. The CuFe2O4/TiO2/CuBTCexhibited both photocatalytic activities and recycled property with magnetic characteristics. The combination with other materials helped reduce the bandgap and increased the photoactivity of TiO2. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Lowering the inhibition of sugarcane vinasse as a culture medium for oleaginous fungi through oxidative pre‐treatment aiming at the degradation of toxic compounds
Authors: Rodrigues Reis Cristiano E , Carvalho Ana KF , Bento Heitor BS , Alves Thiago M , de Castro Heizir F 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe utilization of vinasse as a feasible culture medium for fungi is hindered by the presence of inhibitory compounds, such as phenols and other recalcitrant structures. This work analyzes the effect of different homogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOP) to lower the concentration of inhibitory phenolic compounds in vinasse, and to test the effects of the pre‐treatment on the growth of an oleaginous fungal strain. Vinasse was treated using a batch system with the addition of ferrous ion (Fe2+) (Fenton), in the presence of UV, and with the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).RESULTSAll of the reaction systems were able to partially degrade the chemical oxygen demand, ranging from 18.4% up to 54.1% in the factorial results. The pre‐treated vinasse samples were assayed for the growth performance of Mucor circinelloides, demonstrating that the control value of 3.54 g L−1 was increased to values as high as 4.84 g L−1, also followed by an increase of ≈73% in terms of lipid productivity.CONCLUSIONDifferent AOP were tested to degrade phenolic compounds present in vinasse, demonstrating that the optimum condition (Fe2+/UV at alkaline pH) provided a culture medium for M. circinelloides that increased the biomass accumulation by ≈35% and the lipid productivity by >70% when compared to the control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Description of COVID‐19 cases along with the measures taken on prevention and control in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Wang Guan , Chen Wenhu , Jin Xian , Chen Yi‐Peng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnder the outbreak of COVID‐19, it was urgent to analyze the cases from clinical features and epidemiological factors, as well as understand the effectiveness of measures taken on disease prevent and control. A retrospective study was applied for descriptive analysis of clinical features and epidemiological factors of confirmed cases in four cities of Zhejiang. The Onset‐admission interval was calculated and plotted as well. The provincial measures regarding the response of COVID‐19 were summed up and sorted out. The distribution and sex and age were under normality distribution, and the age of 20 to 80 were all in risk of developing the disease. Clinical features of fever and cough were found mostly happen on patients. More than half of the patients had image changed on chest from reported data. The factor of closely contacted with confirmed cases was the most cause to the disease. The median onset‐admission interval was 6 days in Zhejiang province. As of the efficient health system, COVID‐19 had been successfully prevented and controlled in Zhejiang. Males and females were all vulnerable to COVID‐19. Preventing contact with confirmed cases could largely avoid the disease to happen. The government should take emergent and effective measures to prevent and treatment of the pandemic disease.
Worst Life Events and Media Exposure to Terrorism in a Nationally Representative U.S. Sample
Authors: Thompson Rebecca R. , Holman E. Alison , Silver Roxane Cohen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIndirectly experienced negative life events are not considered Criterion A traumatic events per DSM‐5 posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic criteria, yet individuals indirectly exposed to trauma via the media may report these events as peak traumatic experiences. We studied which events people considered to be the “worst” in their lifetimes to gain a better understanding of the types of events individuals consider to be distressing. This longitudinal study included a nationally representative sample of U.S. residents living outside New York (N = 1,606) who were exposed to the September 11th, 2001 (9/11) terror attacks exclusively via the media. Bereavement was the most frequently cited “worst” life event (42.0%); violent events were cited by 11.4% of the sample. However, 22.0% of respondents reported 9/11 as their worst life event even though they did not directly experience the attacks. More lifetime exposure to violent events and bereavement, odds ratios (ORs) = 0.79 and 0.72, respectively, and a college education, OR = 0.61, were associated with decreased odds of naming 9/11 as one's worst life event. Watching 4 or more hours of 9/11‐related television coverage in the week after the attacks, OR = 1.67, and identifying as African American, OR = 2.01, were associated with increased odds of naming 9/11 as one's worst life event 1 year after the attacks. Events experienced indirectly through the media may be considered the worst of people's lives, with important implications for assessing stressful life event history and understanding indirect exposure to negative life events.
Can Point Shear Wave Elastography Be Used as an Early Indicator of Involvement?
Authors: Sağlam Dilek , Demirbaş Fatma , Bilgici Meltem Ceyhan , Yücel Serap , Çaltepe Gönül , Eren Esra 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of cystic fibrosis (CF) on pancreas and liver elasticity in young children using point shear wave elastography and to determine the relationship with clinical findings.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with genetically proven CF, who were admitted to our pediatric gastroenterology clinic, and 22 healthy control participants were enrolled in the study. The shear wave velocity (SWV) of the liver and pancreas were measured with point shear wave elastography.ResultsThe 22 patients with CF included 45.5% girls with a mean age ± SD of 35 ± 35.8 months (range, 5–123 months). The 22 healthy control participants included 41.2% girls with a mean age of 58.9 ± 44.4 months (range, 2–159 months). The mean SWV of the pancreas in the patients with CF (1.06 ± 0.26 m/s) was significantly higher than that of the healthy control participants (0.85 ± 0.23 m/s; P = .01). The mean SWV of the liver in the patients with CF (1.46 ± 0.24 m/s) was significantly higher than that of the healthy control participants (1.12 ± 0.21 m/s; P = .001). The SWV of the pancreas and liver did not show any significant differences depending on ursodeoxycholic acid use, malnutrition status, and the presence of the F508 deletion mutation.ConclusionsThis study showed an increased SWV of the pancreas in children with CF, contrary to the literature. We also found an increased liver SWV even in the absence of CF‐related liver disease. Ultrasound elastography may be a useful method of evaluating early changes in the pancreas and liver before the obvious clinical, laboratory, and B‐mode ultrasound signs of CF‐related involvement.
Retracted: Protective effect of hsa‐miR‐570‐3p targeting CD274 on triple negative breast cancer by blocking PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Li‐Li , Huang Wei‐Wei , Huang Jing , Huang Rong‐Fang , Li Na‐Ni , Hong Yi , Chen Mu‐Lan , Wu Fan , Liu Jian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo find out the role of hsa‐miR‐570‐3p targeting CD274 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Hsa‐miR‐570‐3p and CD274 expressions in 175 TNBC patients were detected by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. The human TNBC cell lines (MDA‐MB‐468 and MDA‐MB‐231) were used to verify the targeting relationship between hsa‐miR‐570‐3p and CD274 via dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Then, MDA‐MB‐468 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells were divided into Blank, miR‐NC, miR‐570‐3p mimics, NC siRNA, CD274 siRNA, and miR‐570‐3p inhibitors + CD274 siRNA groups. Next, the biological activities of cells were detected by MTT, Cell‐Light EdU, Annexin‐V‐FITC/PI, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. Western blotting was conducted to detect protein expressions.MiR‐570‐3p expression was lower in tumor tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues, which was more obvious in CD274‐positive TNBC patients, which targeted CD274 in TNBC cell lines. MiR‐570‐3p inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration, but induced cell apoptosis accompanying the upregulation of apoptotic proteins and downregulation of anti‐apoptotic protein. CD274 siRNA had the similar results of miR‐570‐3p mimics, which could be reversed by miR‐570‐3p inhibitors. Besides, both miR‐570‐3p mimics and CD274 siRNA blocked PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in TNBC cell lines. Hsa‐miR‐570‐3p was downregulated and CD274 was upregulated in TNBC patients. Besides, hsa‐miR‐570‐3p targeted CD274 to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and induce cell apoptosis, which may be related to the suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Morphological and metric criteria for identifying postcranial skeletal remains of modern and archaeological Caprinae and Antilopinae in the northeast Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas
Authors: Wang Yiru , Peters Joris , Barker Graeme 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOsseous remains of medium‐sized Caprinae and Antilopinae are often found in late Quaternary archaeological sites in the northeast Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas, but their accurate taxonomic identification poses considerable problems to zooarchaeologists. Building on previous osteomorphological studies and a statistically significant number of modern comparatives, this study presents diagnostic morphological features and metric data of selected skeletal elements, enabling taxonomic classification of six medium‐sized wild bovid genera widely distributed across the region, that is, Blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), Argali (Ovis ammon), Serow (Capricornis sp.), Goral (Naemorhedus sp.) and two genera of Antilopinae (Gazella, Procapra), as well as domestic sheep (O. aries) and goats (Capra hircus). A blind test showed that using these anatomical criteria on modern specimens allowed separating unequivocally all taxa in the case of the distal humerus, but a lesser degree of confidence in the case of the distal metapodials. Applying these criteria to archaeological specimens from the prehistoric northeast Tibetan Plateau, we conclude that distal humeri can be confidently assigned taxonomically by applying a stepwise approach, whereas in distal metacarpals and metatarsals, the probabilistic approach is proving more promising for classifying specimens correctly.