bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protest in Ethiopia: Examining Process-Based Leadership as a Way Forward
Authors: Abebe Zekarias 
Published: September 2020

Ethiopia has been plunged into one of the worst crises in the recent history of the country with waves of protest and violence erupting in some parts of the country since 2014. The announcement of a draft integrated developmental plan for Addis Ababa and neighbouring towns and villages of Oromia regional state, referred to as the ‘master plan’, sparked protest in April 2014 that engulfed many towns and cities of Oromia - the largest among the nine regional states formed along ethno-lingual basis.[1]Another wave of protest erupted again around mid-November 2015, this time with a far more political repercussion. Protest, which came to be known as the ‘Oromo protest’, erupted across the Oromia region and continues to reverberate to this date despite the heavy-crackdown by the government. The episode raised eyebrows among many scholars and politicians to comprehend what went wrong with the country that received wide accolades for its impressive economic growth. This commentary will unpack the discontents that precipitated the protest and suggest the way forward. The commentary argues that implementation of national developmental policy has caused discontent and disenfranchisement among the wider public; and underpinning national development policies with the ideals of process-based leadership would mitigate the discontents and offer sustainable, peaceful development. [1]Ethiopia has been restructured along with ethnic federalism since the advent of the incumbent ruling party, Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front, since 1991.
The Leadership of Ilhan Omar - Representing voices of refugees
Authors: Dahir Habiba 
Published: September 2020

A week after his presidency began in 2017, Donald Trump passed an Executive Order travel ban which became more widely known as the Muslim Ban[1]. The Travel Ban is an executive order that prohibits seven Muslim-majority countries from entering into the United States. The Executive order was a policy delivered on the back of Trump’s Campaign trail rhetoric, being based on religious biasness, and racial and discriminatory migration policies that targeted refugees and immigrants. Three of the Muslim states listed in the ban are in Africa: Somalia, Libya and Sudan. The ban had immense impacts on Muslim communities by separating families and refugees depicted as a security threat.[2] As a result of this policy and accompanied negative political rhetoric, refugees have been left feeling marginalised and discriminated against.

[1] Ayoub, A. and Beydoun, K. (2016), ‘Executive disorder: The Muslim Ban, emergency advocacy, and the fires next time,’ Michigan Journal of Race and Law, 22, p.215
[2] Ibid
Validation of the French version of the Wisconsin Quality of Life (WISQOL) questionnaire for patients with urolithiasis
Authors: Bhojani Naeem , Moussaoui Ghizlane , Nguyen David-Dan , Trudel Mei Juan , Topouzian Garo-Shant , Topouzian Nare-Gacia , Penniston Kristina L. , Andonian Sero 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life (WISQOL) questionnaire has been recently developed to objectively assess QOL in patients with urolithiasis. However, French version of the questionnaire was lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop and validate the French version of this tool.
Methods: The French version of the WISQOL (F-WISQOL) was developed in a multi-step process involving primary translation, back-translation and pilot testing amongst a group of patients (n=12). Urolithiasis patients from two tertiary care institutions were recruited into this study and completed 3 questionnaires: Perceived Stress Scale-10, medical history form and either the WISQOL or F-WISQOL. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s α and inter-domain associations were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation (r). One-way ANOVA was used to compare scores from the two groups (WISQOL and F-WISQOL).
Results: A total of 210 patients were enrolled in this study; 68 in the WISQOL group and 148 in the F-WISQOL group. Internal consistency was high for all domains in both groups (F-WISQOL: 0.924-0.970; WISQOL: 0.888-0.965). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups’ scores. Inter-domain association, measured by Spearman correlation, was moderate to very strong between all of the domains in the F-WISQOL. Values ranged from r=0.676-0.915, with acceptable correlation between D1, D2 and D3, but weaker correlation between D4 (vitality) and the 3 other domains r=0.676-0.729.
Conclusions: In the present study, the French version of the WISQOL questionnaire (F-WISQOL) was validated at two academic institutions.
When to biopsy Prostate Imaging and Data Reporting System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) assessment category 3 lesions? Use of clinical and imaging variables to predict cancer diagnosis at targeted biopsy
Authors: Lim Christopher , Abreu-Gomez Jorge , Leblond Michel-Alexandre , Carrion Ivan , Vesprini Danny , Schieda Nicola , Klotz Laurence 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: We aimed to determine if clinical and imaging features can stratify men at higher risk for clinically significant (CS, International Society of Urological Pathology [ISUP] grade group ≥2) prostate cancer (PCa) in equivocal Prostate Imaging and Data Reporting System (PI-RADS) category 3 lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods: Approved by the institutional review board-approved, this retrospective study involved 184 men with 198 lesions who underwent 3T-MRI and MRI-directed transrectal ultrasound biopsy for PI-RADS 3 lesions. Men were evaluated including clinical stage, prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), indication, and MRI lesion size. Diagnoses for all men and by indication (no cancer, any PCa, CSPCa) were compared using multivariate logistic regression, including stage, PSAD, and lesion size.
Results: We found an overall PCa rate of 31.8% (63/198) and 10.1% (20/198) CSPCa (13 grade group 2, five group 3, and two group 4). Higher stage (p=0.001), PSAD (p=0.007), and lesion size (p=0.015) were associated with CSPCa, with no association between CSPCa and age, PSA, or prostate volume (p>0.05). PSAD modestly predicted CSPCa area under the curve (AUC) 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.518–0.794) in all men and 0.64 (0.487–0.799) for those on active surveillance (AS). Model combining clinical stage, PSAD, and lesion size improved accuracy for all men and AS (AUC 0.82 [0.736–0.910], p<0.001 and 0.785 [0.666-0.904], p<0.001). In men with prior negative biopsy and persistent suspicion, PSAD (0.90 [0.767–1.000]) was not different from the model (p>0.05), with optimal cutpoint of ≥0.215 ng/mL/cc achieving sensitivity/specificity of 85.7/84.4%.
Conclusions: PI-RADSv2 category 3 lesions are often not CSPCa. PSAD predicted CSPCa in men with a prior negative biopsy; however, PSAD alone had limited value, and accuracy improved when using a model incorporating PSAD with clinical stage and MR lesion size.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Toothpastes Containing Fluoride against Clinically Isolated Streptococci mutans
Authors: Ajaegbu Eze E. , Ezeh Calister U. , Dieke Adaobi J. , Onuora Adaora L. , Ugochukwu Jane I. 
Published: September 2020

Dental caries is one of the prevalent oral diseases which affect all ages. Many chemical substances with antimicrobial properties, are effective against microorganisms causing dental caries. The objective of this study was to check the antimicrobial efficacy of some toothpastes found in Enugu metropolis, Nigeria more specifically against clinically isolated Streptococci mutans. The antimicrobial efficacy of different brands of toothpastes marketed in Enugu metropolis was assayed against Streptococci mutans using the agar well diffusion method. The clinical Streptococci mutans used for this study were taken from carious lesions of patients that attended the clinic at Federal College of Dental Therapy and Technology, Trans Ekulu, Enugu, Nigeria and were isolated and cultivated using traditional laboratory methods. The present study has shown that toothpaste which contains mint extract as herbal constituent and sodium fluoride had the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by toothpastes containing only sodium monofluorophosphate. Herbal toothpaste with mint can be a safe and effective alternative in the prevention of dental caries.
Effect of Ferrous Iron Stress to West Sumatera Paddy Rice (Oryza nivara) Growth on Nutrient Culture Media
Authors: Dwipa Indra , Yusniwati . , Hirza Rahma Silvia 
Published: September 2020

Aims: The research aimed to study the response of West Sumatera brown rice growth on nutrient culture media.
Study Design: Factorial design with 2 factors in completely randomized design.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Laboratory of Seed Technology and Shade net house, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia from May to July 2019.
Methodology: Factorial design with 2 factors in completely randomized design was used in the research. The first factor was brown rice genotypes (Talang Babungo, Sigambiri, Pido Manggih, Labuh Baru, Balingka, Situjuah, Banuhampu, Pulen Talao, Ladang Talamao and Sikarujuik. The second factor was FeSo2 concentrations (0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm and 750 ppm). The data was analysed using F test 5% and continued by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) 5%.
Results: The result showed that there was interaction between brown rice genotypes and Fe concentrations to plant height and root dry weight in early growth stage. According the stress sensitivity index, Sigambiri and Ladang Talamao were the tolerant genotypes to high Fe stress and Talang Babungo and Banuhampu were moderately tolerant genotype in high concentration of Fe stress.
Conclusion: High Fe concentration affected the brown rice growth. This result can be a consideration to cultivate brown rice in high iron content land.
To Determine the Structure and Function of Bhagar Oxbow Lake in Dumraon, Buxar, South Bihar, India
Authors: Prasad Suday , Kumar Subodh , Gorai Tapan , Kumar Ajay 
Published: September 2020

The paper deals with the structure, function, and fisheries resources of Bhagar lake, South Bihar, one of the oxbow lakes in Dumraon (un-reported and un-described), from February 2018 to January 2020 under the state non plan research project. This lake is spread from Nauki par (Chakki) to Nainijore (Brahampur), Dumraon, (Buxar) with a large size wetland in dimension of 20 km length & 1 km width. Bhagar oxbow lake is U shaped, hydrological closed lentic type meander of the Ganga river, it is fed by the monsoon runoff and ingress of flood water from the river Dharmawati. The water depth of lake ranges between 1.5 to 3 meters in summer and depth 4 to 6 meters during the Monsoon months. Water temperature ranged from 16°C (January) to 30°C (August) whereas the pH value of lake water was found within 7.0 to 7.8. In aspect of biological properties of the lake, it was highly infested with submerged vegetation with dominancy of Hydrilla cillata and floating aquatic weeds (water hyacinth) such as Eichhormia crassipes with approximately 30 percent area coverage. This lake is rich sources of fishes with identified forty four species with example of annual fishes like Mystus spp., Puntius spp., Channa spp., Carps spp., small Macrobrachium spp. and several seasonal fishes, providing livelihood support to more than sixty five household, socio-cultural importance. It also gives protection to many wild mammals like Blackbucks (Antelope cervicapra), swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii) and Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) during summer time. This lake is also wintering ground of the migratory birds such as Heron and Crane.
Comparing the Effect of Methods of Rat Euthanasia on the Brain of Wistar Rats: Cervical Dislocation, Chloroform Inhalation, Diethyl Ether Inhalation and Formalin Inhalation
Authors: Aguwa U. S. , Eze C. E. , Obinwa B. N. , Okeke S. N. , Onwuelingo S. F. , Okonkwo D. I. , Ogbuokiri D. K. , Agulanna A. E. , Obiesie I. J. , Umezulike A. J. 
Published: September 2020

Contentions still exist as to the most humane method of sacrificing experimental animals. Beyond humaneness, there is also the issue of appropriateness of a method of sacrifice with regards to organ safety. This study compared four common methods of rodent sacrifice used in Nigeria and their effects on the brain. Twenty male Wistar rats weighing 150 to 180g were randomly separated into four groups of five rats each. After a two week period of acclimatization, the animals were sacrificed; Group A by Cervical dislocation (CD) which also served as control, Group B by chloroform inhalation (CI), Group C by diethyl ether inhalation (DEI) and group D by Formalin inhalation (FI). The time taken for the animals to pass out was documented and the brains were harvested. Four of the brains from rats in each group were homogenized in phosphate buffer solution and centrifuged at 10000rpm. The supernatant were used for antioxidant studies. The remaining one brain from each group were fixed in 10% formal saline and after 48 hours, the cerebellum (CB) and hippocampus (Hp) were used for histological studies using the H & E method. Our results show although CD was the quickest, it gave the least quantity of blood. Meanwhile CI was the most humane, gave the most blood and saved time compared to DEI and FI. None of the methods of sacrifice showed adverse effect on the antioxidant parameters of the rats. However, histological studies showed that while CD and CI showed no adverse effects on the hippocampus, only CD was completely safe for the CB. The other methods showed various levels of cell death. It is therefore expedient to consider these factors in making the choice of an appropriate method of sacrifice and to use the most humane and safest method with reference to the organ studied.
Comparative Analysis of Antidyslipidemic Effects of Fenugreek Seed Extract and Standard Pharmacological Therapy in Diet Induced Animal Model of Dyslipidemia: An Experimental Study
Authors: Zahid Nisha , Shaheen Shehla , Memon Zahida , Ali Akhtar , Zafar Urooj , Agha Faiza 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the antidyslipidemic effects of fenugreek seed extract in comparison to standard drugs used for dyslipidemia in an animal model of dyslipidemia.
Methods: It was an experimental study conducted on 42 male, 9 weeks old Wistar albino rats for a period of 7 weeks. Animals were randomly divided into 7 groups, out of which 6 groups were given lipid rich diet to induce dyslipidemia for 28 days while one group served as control given normal diet. After 28 days standard drugs alone as well as in combinations (statins 10 mg/kg and fibrates 100 mg/kg) and fenugreek seed extract in two different doses, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were administered once a day for 21 days to all the respective groups except positive (lipid rich diet) and negative control groups (on normal diet), both were administered normal saline. Baseline body weights of all groups of animals were measured at the start of the study. At the end of the study period, body weights of all groups of animal groups were measured again and their blood was drawn through cardiac puncture for the assessment of TC, LDL-C, HDL, TGs, D/B, I/B and ALT. All the intervention groups were compared on the basis of above mentioned parameters and changes in weight.
Results: Amongst all the groups, lipid parameters (TC, LDL, TGs) showed a significant reduction and increase in HDL in the group on FSE in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, FSE also showed significant decrease in the levels of liver enzymes including ALT, D/B and in body weight when compared to other groups. While we did not find any significant change for urea, creatinine and I/B amongst all the groups.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the fenugreek seed extract showed superior effects when compared to traditional pharmacological therapy against dyslipidemia.
Toughness Factors Reflections ONM-40 CC by Part Ousting Cement by SCBA & Adding Siyali fibre
Authors: Behera Rajashree P. , Mishra Siba Prasad , Nayak Sipalin , Panda Sagarika , Siddiqui Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

Globally, the concrete is the vastly used material in the construction sector. It is a product of naturally available materials with the some chemical processes that generates solid waste, and GHG gases from the factory that pollutes soil, air and water. The demand for cement is gradually rising due to urbanization, industrialization and modernizations, and augmented it is short supply. The sustainable partial or fully replaced products used for replacement of cement is to be invented to obtain from recycled wastes and must be non-pollutant of atmosphere and ecofriendly. Researches must be made with the low cost waste materials like red mud, GGBS, fly ash and many others. The present research is the ousting element sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as a partial replacement of cement. To improve the tensile properties of concrete, attempts are made to add small closely space out and evenly discrete natural organic Siyalifibre with the SCBA concrete which can provide better properties to concrete like crack remover and mends some static/dynamic characteristics of concrete. The concrete composites made from SCBA and Sialifibre are both environment friendly materials having both cementing and fibre reinforcing properties. Present study is to prepare of a concrete composite with a mix design of M40 grade and study compressive, tensile and split tensile strengths. The study should try with a composite concrete with Sialifibre and SCBA at various proportions and verify its crack resistant and strength improving/ deteriorating properties. For the present work of concrete, it is found to be advantageous with 10% ,20% SCBA with a partial substitute of cement and Siyali Fiber at various dosages like 0%, to 2.0% with increment of 0.5%added to cement volume.
Feasibility of bronchial wall quantification in low‐ and ultralow‐dose third‐generation dual‐source CT: An ex vivo lung study
Authors: Zhang Lin , Pelgrim Gert Jan , Yan Jing , Zhang Hao , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Xie Xueqian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate image quality and bronchial wall quantification in low‐ and ultralow‐dose third‐generation dual‐source computed tomography (CT).MethodsA lung specimen from a formerly healthy male was scanned using third‐generation dual‐source CT at standard‐dose (51 mAs/120 kV, CTDIvol 3.41 mGy), low‐dose (1/4th and 1/10th of standard dose), and ultralow‐dose setting (1/20th). Low kV (70, 80, 90, and Sn100 kV) scanning was applied in each low/ultralow‐dose setting, combined with adaptive mAs to keep a constant dose. Images were reconstructed at advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE) levels 1, 3, and 5 for each scan. Bronchial wall were semi‐automatically measured from the lobar level to subsegmental level. Spearman correlation analysis was performed between bronchial wall quantification (wall thickness and wall area percentage) and protocol settings (dose, kV, and ADMIRE). ANOVA with a post hoc pairwise test was used to compare signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), noise and bronchial wall quantification values among standard‐ and low/ultralow‐dose settings, and among ADMIRE levels.ResultsBronchial wall quantification had no correlation with dose level, kV, or ADMIRE level (|correlation coefficients| < 0.3). SNR and noise showed no statistically significant differences at different kV in the same ADMIRE level (1, 3, or 5) and in the same dose group (P > 0.05). Generally, there were no significant differences in bronchial wall quantification among the standard‐ and low/ultralow‐dose settings, and among different ADMIRE levels (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe combined use of low/ultralow‐dose scanning and ADMIRE does not influence bronchial wall quantification compared to standard‐dose CT. This specimen study suggests the potential that an ultralow‐dose scan can be used for bronchial wall quantification.
Machine learning prediction of the adverse outcome for nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage patients
Authors: Yu Duo , Williams George W. , Aguilar David , Yamal José‐Miguel , Maroufy Vahed , Wang Xueying , Zhang Chenguang , Huang Yuefan , Gu Yuxuan , Talebi Yashar , Wu Hulin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is often devastating with increased early mortality, particularly in those with presumed delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). The ability to accurately predict survival for SAH patients during the hospital course would provide valuable information for healthcare providers, patients, and families. This study aims to utilize electronic health record (EHR) data and machine learning approaches to predict the adverse outcome for nontraumatic SAH adult patients.MethodsThe cohort included nontraumatic SAH patients treated with vasopressors for presumed DCI from a large EHR database, the Cerner Health Facts® EMR database (2000–2014). The outcome of interest was the adverse outcome, defined as death in hospital or discharged to hospice. Machine learning‐based models were developed and primarily assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).ResultsA total of 2467 nontraumatic SAH patients (64% female; median age [interquartile range]: 56 [47–66]) who were treated with vasopressors for presumed DCI were included in the study. 934 (38%) patients died or were discharged to hospice. The model achieved an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84–0.92) with only the initial 24 h EHR data, and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92–0.96) after the next 24 h.InterpretationEHR data and machine learning models can accurately predict the risk of the adverse outcome for critically ill nontraumatic SAH patients. It is possible to use EHR data and machine learning techniques to help with clinical decision‐making.
Maintenance of Sustained Low Disease Activity or Remission in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Etanercept Monotherapy: Results from the Corrona Registry
Authors: Pappas Dimitrios A. , Shan Ying , Lesperance Tamara , Kricorian Greg , Karis Elaine , Rebello Sabrina , Hua Winnie , Accortt Neil A. , Stryker Scott 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate maintenance of remission/low disease activity (LDA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who achieved remission/LDA with etanercept (ETN) plus a conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD) and to compare patients who discontinued csDMARD to receive ETN monotherapy (Mono) with those remaining on combination therapy (Combo).MethodsPatients from the Corrona RA registry between October 1, 2001, and August 31, 2017, were eligible. The index date for the Mono cohort was the csDMARD discontinuation date; the index visit for the Combo cohort was estimated from time between ETN initiation and csDMARD discontinuation in the Mono cohort. The main outcome calculated was maintenance of remission/LDA. Patients were censored if they switched to or added a biologic DMARD, discontinued ETN, when a csDMARD was reintroduced (Mono), or if methotrexate increased more than 5 mg/d (Combo). Trimming was used to balance demographic and clinical characteristics between groups. Cox regression models were adjusted for the remaining differences across groups.ResultsWe identified 182 Mono and 403 Combo patients; 120 Mono and 207 Combo patients remained after trimming. Most patients (approximately 80%) were biologic medication–naive before initiating ETN. At 24 months postindex, modeled percentages of patients remaining in remission/LDA were 75% for Mono and 86% for Combo (overall adjusted P = 0.057). More patients were censored for therapy change in Mono than in Combo groups (37% versus 5%), largely due to reintroduction of csDMARDs in the Mono group.ConclusionMany patients with RA who achieved remission/LDA on combination therapy maintained remission/LDA with ETN monotherapy for 2 years after csDMARD discontinuation. ETN monotherapy may be a viable option for patients who discontinue csDMARDs after achieving LDA/remission.