bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T135. ABERRANT EXECUTIVE CONTROL AND AUDITORY NETWORKS IN RECENT-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA - A GROUP ICA DUAL REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Lee Jungsun , Joo Sung Woo , Kim Harin , Ho Joo Yeon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
A great number of studies using resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) have been conducted for revealing altered functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Although the default mode network has been predominantly investigated, other resting-state networks (RSNs) can be networks of interest for unveiling the neurobiological basis of schizophrenia. Our study investigated changes in functional connectivity in the nine RSNs in recent-onset schizophrenia.

Methods
We performed a rsfMRI in 46 patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls. In the preprocessing steps, independent component analysis (ICA)-based automatic removal of motion artifacts was applied to eliminate motion-related components from an individual-level ICA. Group ICA and dual regression were performed for voxel-wise comparisons between the groups with the non-parametric permutation test using threshold-free cluster enhancement and a corrected-p &lt; 0.05 for multiple comparisons. We used the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores for the correlation analysis of symptom severity with functional connectivity in the patient group.

Results
The control group had areas with a significant group difference in activity compared to that of the patient group in which it existed in the left supplementary motor cortex and supramarginal gyrus (the executive control network) and the right postcentral gyrus (the auditory network). There were no significant correlations of symptom severity with the functional connectivity of these regions.

Discussion
The left supplementary motor cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus having areas with a significant group difference may have a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, given their language and auditory information processing functions.
T143. RESTING STATE FMRI BASED MULTILAYER NETWORK CONFIGURATION IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Gifford George , Crossley Nicolas , Matthew Kempton , Sarah Morgan , Dazzan Paola , Young Jonathan , McGuire Philip 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Novel methods for measuring large-scale dynamic brain organisation are needed to provide new biomarkers of schizophrenia. Using a method for modelling dynamic modular organisation, previous evidence suggests higher ‘flexibility’ (switching between multilayer network communities) to be a feature of schizophrenia.

Methods
The current study compared flexibility between 55 patients with schizophrenia and 72 controls (the COBRE Dataset). In addition, novel methods of ‘between resting state network synchronisation’ (BRSNS) and the probability of transition from one community to another were used to further describe group differences in dynamic community structure.

Results
There was significantly higher schizophrenia group flexibility in cerebellar (F (1,124) = 9.33, p (FDR) = 0.017), subcortical (F (1,124) = 13.14, p (FDR) = 0.005), and fronto-parietal task control (F (1,124) = 7.19, p (FDR) = 0.033) resting state networks (RSNs), as well as in the left thalamus (MNI XYZ: -2, -13, 12; F(1, 124) = 17.1, p (FDR) &lt; 0.001) and the right crus I (MNI XYZ: 35, -67, -34; F (1, 124) = 19.65, p (FDR) &lt; 0.001). Flexibility in the left thalamus reflected transitions between communities covering default mode and sensory-somatomotor RSNs. BRSNS scores suggested altered dynamic inter-RSN modular configuration in schizophrenia.

Discussion
This study suggests higher flexibility in a schizophrenia group at an RSN and node level and provides novel methods of exploring dynamic community structure. Mediation of group differences by mean time window correlation did however suggest flexibility to be no better as a schizophrenia biomarker than simpler measures and a range of methodological choices affected results.
M150. RELATIVES EXPERIENCES OF THE EARLY SIGNS ACTION PLAN
Authors: Sjöström Nils , Berg David , Johansson Sofia , Andreasson Eva , Waern Margda 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
In the recent years person-centered methods have been developed to involve relatives in the care of their next of kin. The Early Signs Action Plan (ESAP) was developed to facilitate relatives’ participation in the care of their next of kin in psychiatric outpatient units specialized in the treatment of persons with schizophrenia and similar disorders. The aim was to investigate relatives’ experiences regarding the activation of the action plan for their next of kin.

Methods
The study is a qualitative interview study using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were conducted with relatives (N=13) to outpatients whose Early Signs Action Plan had been activated. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. The material was then analyzed with qualitative content analysis.

Results
ESAP was positively received by the relatives and most of them experienced that they were participating in the planning of the care of their next of kin’s. Participating in the care also implied a feeling of security and awareness about their next of kin’s early warning signs and what to do in case of a relapse.
Relatives also indicated that the ESAP is vulnerable during on call time and during vacation periods. Outdated paths to get in contact with psychiatric services on call time were reported as problematic since this information is crucial for getting in touch with care outside of office hours.

Discussion
ESAP seems to be a useful tool for the involvement of relatives in the care of their next of kin.
M161. NEURAL CHANGES INDUCED BY ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY (ECT) IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Moon Sun-Young , Kim Minah , Oh Sanghoon , Soo Kwon Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite the remarkable progress of antipsychotic drugs, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains a potent treatment option for schizophrenia. However, the underlying neural mechanism of ECT effect on schizophrenia remains unclear. For this reason, we reviewed literature which investigated structural and functional brain changes after ECT in schizophrenia patients.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Reviews database to search for eligible articles. Following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms were used: ECT AND schizophrenia AND (MRI OR MRS OR PET OR SPECT OR NIRS OR DTI).

Results
Thirteen studies were eligible for the reviewing process. Of them, three studies investigated the effect of ECT upon volumetric changes of cerebral regions; 4 studies on the effect of ECT upon functional brain activities; three studies using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); and another three studies investigating blood flow changes. Medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures seemed to be increased after ECT sessions in schizophrenia patients, as in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Insula and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC) is other potential neural substrates that might be disease specific for ECT induced changes in schizophrenia. Outcomes of functional imaging seemed to vary among studies, with divergent region of interests (ROI). MRS study results suggests the ratio of left prefrontal NAA/Cr might be increase after adequate ECT sessions. Studies investigating effect of ECT upon cerebral blood flow largely varied among studies with mixed results.

Discussion
Despite the treatment effect of ECT in schizophrenia patients, there have been only a handful of studies investigating the biological mechanisms underlying ECT. Of them, the effect of ECT in schizophrenia seemed also to be mediated by structural volume increases in the MTL region (as in MDD), and the insula and left DLPFC might be other potential neural substrates of ECT effect in schizophrenia patients. Future studies are needed to validate the neural mechanisms that underlie the effect of ECT in schizophrenia, which might help to aid in tailoring treatment plans for refractory schizophrenia patients.
M211. NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SHI-ZHEN-AN-SHEN-TANG, A CHINESE HERB FORMULA ON MICE EXPOSED TO CUPRIZONE
Authors: Ma Chao , Wu Yan , Chen Pei , Jia Yuan , Yin Dongqing , Ning Yanzhe , Zhu Hong , Li Xue , Liu Xinyao , Sun Zuoli , Jia Hongxiao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Our previous study indicated a therapeutic effect of Shi-Zhen-An-Shen-Tang (SZAST), a Chinese herb formula, on schizophrenia, but the related mechanism is unknown(citation). A large body of evidence suggests the important role of white matter of the brain in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of SZAST on schizophrenia with demyelinated mice.

Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice were given mixed cuprizone (CPZ, a copper chelator, 0.2 %, w/w) rodent chow for six successive weeks to induce demyelination. During the last two weeks, mice were given an oral gavage of saline, or SZAST of three different doses (a low dose of 5.5g·kg-1·d-1, a medium dose of 8.24g·kg-1·d-1, or a high dose of 10.98 g·kg-1·d-1), or quetiapine, respectively. Behavioral tests were conducted after the last treatment. Meanwhile, the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and neuregulin-1(NRG1) in the brain was tested by immunohistochemistry staining or Western Blot.

Results
Mice exposed to CPZ for six weeks showed obvious schizophrenia-like behaviors, including lower nest-building activity, sensory gating activity, and higher locomotor activity. CPZ-fed mice also displayed a lower myelin density in the corpus callosum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex and a reduction of MBP and NRG1 protein in the hippocampus compared with controls. Both quetiapine and SZAST significantly alleviated the abnormal schizophrenia-like behaviors and the impairment of myelin sheath in CPZ-fed mice, however, SZAST with medium dose showed better neuroprotective effect than the low dose or the high dose of SZAST. Furthermore, the expression of NRG1protein in the hippocampus was slightly, but not significantly increased in all SZAST-treated and quetiapine-treated groups.

Discussion
These results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of SZAST in demyelinated mice might partially relate to remyelination in the hippocampus in CPZ-fed mice.
S160. ALTERATIONS IN SHORT-RANGE STRUCTURAL CONNECTIVITY ACROSS THE PSYCHOSIS SPECTRUM: FINDINGS FROM THE B-SNIP STUDY
Authors: Ji Ellen , Perus Lisa , Grigis Antoine , Poupon Cyril , Sarrazin Samuel , Guevara Pamela , Guevara Miguel , Mangin Jean-François , Houenou Josselin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have been increasingly viewed as psychotic mood disorders along a shared spectrum. Long-range and short-range structural connectivity have been implicated in both disorders, conceptualising them as “disconnection syndromes”. There has been a rise in neuroimaging tools to understand the overlap and boundaries between the two disorders, which has shifted our focus towards appreciating traits in addition to diagnosis. Our recent pilot study examining short-range U-fibers found in superficial white matter (SWM) found shared and distinct traits among people with SZ and BD and we aimed to investigate SWM further using data from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium.

Methods
Using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), we performed whole brain tractography in 113 people with SZ, 69 people with SA disorder, 49 people with psychotic BD and 77 healthy controls using BrainVISA and Connectomist 2.0. Segmentation and labelling of SWM tracts were performed using a comprehensive U-fiber atlas. ComBat was applied to remove site effects and principle components analysis was performed to identity networks of bundles used for comparative analyses.

Results
Principle component analysis revealed a network comprised of 8 short tracts in frontal, parietal, and temporal regions that had decreased anatomical connectivity in patients, regardless of diagnosis, relative to healthy controls. This network overlaps, in part, regions that differed between patients (SZ and BD) and healthy controls in our recent pilot study. However, we were unable to detect differences between people with SZ, SA disorder and psychotic BD.

Discussion
We demonstrate that short U-fibers are likely vulnerable to pathological processes in psychotic illnesses, encouraging further understanding of their anatomy and function. Our lack of findings between patient groups may reflect a more homogeneous population (three subgroups of psychosis) and may suggest that abnormalities in SWM are less likely due to mood disturbances.
S194. CLOZAPINE AND ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY AUGMENTATION IN ADOLESCENTS WITH TREATMENT-RESISTANT SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Jeong Park Kee , Kim Hyo-Won 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Early onset schizophrenia is associated unfavorable treatment response and psychosocial outcome. Clozapine or Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) have suggested that these therapies may have an important role in treatment in treatment resistant schizophrenia in adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness between clozapine and ECT augmentation in adolescents with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 27 adolescents with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (age 15.6±1.4 years; 16 boys, 59.3%) who were treated with clozapine or clozapine plus ECT. Effectiveness was measured with the Clinical Global Impressions–Severity (CGI-S) and/or Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement (CGI-I) scales at baseline, and after 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Treatment response was defined as a CGI-S &lt; 3 or CGI-I &lt; 3.

Results
The 21 adolescents treated with clozapine alone (age 15.5±1.2 years; 14 boys, 66.7%), and six adolescents treated with clozapine plus ECT (age 16.0±2.1 years; 2 boys, 33.3%) were compared their treatment effectiveness. The 13 adolescents (61.0%) in clozapine alone group and four adolescents (66.7%) in clozapine plus ECT group met the treatment response criterion. Three (50.0%) of adolescents with clozapine plus ECT group experienced mild post ictal confusion and two (9.5%) of adolescents with clozapine alone group experienced mild reduction of WBC and ANC.

Discussion
Our results suggest that clozapine and ECT augmentation could be one of safe and effective treatment in adolescents with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
S208. COMPARISON OF MEDICATION PREFERENCE FOR LONG-ACTING INJECTABLE VERSUS ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA: ANALYSIS OF A PATIENT-REPORTED QUESTIONNAIRE FROM A DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Blackwood Clifton , Sanga Panna , Nuamah Isaac , Keenan Alexander , Singh Arun , Mathews Maju , Gopal Srihari 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
There is limited information on patient’s perspective on choice of long-acting injectable (LAIs) or oral antipsychotic pills used in the management of schizophrenia. Assessing factors that determine patients’ preferences for LAI or oral antipsychotics could help understand their expectations from the treatment and reduce potential barriers to LAI use in schizophrenia.

Methods
Post-hoc analyses were conducted from a double-blind, randomized, non-inferiority study (NCT01515423) of 3-monthly vs 1-monthly paliperidone palmitate in patients with schizophrenia. Data from the Medication Preference Questionnaire, administered to patients on day 1 (baseline; open-label stabilization phase), were used. The questionnaire includes 4 sets of items: (1) reasons for general treatment preference based on goals/outcomes and preference for LAI vs pills based on (2) personal experience (3) injection-site (4) dosing frequency. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of baseline variables on preference for LAIs or pills.

Results
Patients who preferred LAIs identified these outcomes as important: “I feel more healthy” (57%), “I can get back to my favorite activities” (56%), “I don’t have to think about taking my medicines” (54%). Most common reasons for medication preference (LAI vs pills) were: “LAIs/pills are easier for me” (67% vs 18%), “more in control/don’t have to think about taking medicine” (64% vs 14%), “less pain/sudden symptoms” (38% vs 18%) and “less embarrassed” (0% vs 46%). Majority of patients (59%) preferred deltoid over gluteal injections: (reasons: faster administration [63%], easier [51%], less embarrassing [44%]). 50% of patients preferred 3-monthly over 1-monthly (38%) or every day (3%) dosing (reasons: fewer injections [96%], fewer injections are less painful [84%], fewer doctor visits [80%]). In the logistic regression analysis (n=1402), 77% of patients preferred LAI over pills and culture and race appeared to play a role in this preference.

Discussion
Patient empowerment and quality-of-life-related goals were important for patients who preferred LAI antipsychotics and when given an option, patients preferred less-frequent, quarterly injections over monthly injections and daily oral medications.
The Dreem Headband compared to polysomnography for electroencephalographic signal acquisition and sleep staging
Authors: Arnal Pierrick J , Thorey Valentin , Debellemaniere Eden , Ballard Michael E , Bou Hernandez Albert , Guillot Antoine , Jourde Hugo , Harris Mason , Guillard Mathias , Van Beers Pascal , Chennaoui Mounir , Sauvet Fabien 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
The development of ambulatory technologies capable of monitoring brain activity during sleep longitudinally is critical for advancing sleep science. The aim of this study was to assess the signal acquisition and the performance of the automatic sleep staging algorithms of a reduced-montage dry-electroencephalographic (EEG) device (Dreem headband, DH) compared to the gold-standard polysomnography (PSG) scored by five sleep experts.

Methods
A total of 25 subjects who completed an overnight sleep study at a sleep center while wearing both a PSG and the DH simultaneously have been included in the analysis. We assessed (1) similarity of measured EEG brain waves between the DH and the PSG; (2) the heart rate, breathing frequency, and respiration rate variability (RRV) agreement between the DH and the PSG; and (3) the performance of the DH’s automatic sleep staging according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines versus PSG sleep experts manual scoring.

Results
The mean percentage error between the EEG signals acquired by the DH and those from the PSG for the monitoring of α was 15 ± 3.5%, 16 ± 4.3% for β, 16 ± 6.1% for λ, and 10 ± 1.4% for θ frequencies during sleep. The mean absolute error for heart rate, breathing frequency, and RRV was 1.2 ± 0.5 bpm, 0.3 ± 0.2 cpm, and 3.2 ± 0.6%, respectively. Automatic sleep staging reached an overall accuracy of 83.5 ± 6.4% (F1 score: 83.8 ± 6.3) for the DH to be compared with an average of 86.4 ± 8.0% (F1 score: 86.3 ± 7.4) for the 5 sleep experts.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate the capacity of the DH to both monitor sleep-related physiological signals and process them accurately into sleep stages. This device paves the way for, large-scale, longitudinal sleep studies.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT03725943.
Evolution of dependoparvoviruses across geological timescales—implications for design of AAV-based gene therapy vectors
Authors: Hildebrandt Evin , Penzes Judit J , Gifford Robert J , Agbandje-Mckenna Mavis , Kotin Robert M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEndogenous viral elements (EVEs) are genetic remnants of viruses that have integrated into host genomes millions of years ago and retained as heritable elements passed on to offspring until present-day. As a result, EVEs provide an opportunity to analyse the genomes of extinct viruses utilizing these genomic viral fossils to study evolution of viruses over large timescales. Analysis of sequences from near full-length EVEs of dependoparvoviral origin identified within three mammalian taxa, Whippomorpha (whales and hippos), Vespertilionidae (smooth-nosed bats), and Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares, and pikas), indicates that distinct ancestral dependoparvovirus species integrated into these host genomes approximately 77 to 23 million years ago. These ancestral viruses are unique relative to modern adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), and distinct from extant species of genus Dependoparvovirus. These EVE sequences show characteristics previously unseen in modern, mammalian AAVs, but instead appear more similar to the more primitive, autonomously replicating and pathogenic waterfowl dependoparvoviruses. Phylogeny reconstruction suggests that the whippomorph EVE orthologue derives from exogenous ancestors of autonomous and highly pathogenic dependoparvovirus lineages, believed to have uniquely co-evolved with waterfowl birds to present date. In contrast, ancestors of the two other mammalian orthologues (Lagomorpha and Vespertilionidae) likely shared the same lineage as all other known mammalian exogenous AAVs. Comparative in silico analysis of the EVE genomes revealed remarkable overall conservation of AAV rep and cap genes, despite millions of years of integration within the host germline. Modelling these proteins identified unexpected variety, even between orthologues, in previously defined capsid viral protein (VP) variable regions, especially in those related to the three- and fivefold symmetry axes of the capsid. Moreover, the normally well-conserved phospholipase A2 domain of the predicted minor VP1 also exhibited a high degree of sequence variance. These findings may indicate unique biological properties for these virus ‘fossils’ relative to extant dependoparvoviruses and suggest key regions to explore within capsid sequences that may confer novel properties for engineered gene therapy vectors based on paleovirology data.
Adapted Crusting Technique in Children with Peristomal Lesions: A Case Series
Authors: Santos Monteiro Ana Cristina , Barbosa Maia dos Santos Maria Lucia , Souza Marcia Aparecida , Caires de Oliveira Achili Ferreira Juliana 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To describe the care of pediatric patients who had a gastrostomy and developed peristomal lesions and received a systematic single adapted crusting technique in a pediatric ICU in a tertiary Brazilian hospital.

METHODS
An analysis of six cases presenting traumatic, noninfectious peristomal lesions with ostium enlargement resulting in gastric residual leaks. All six patients received the same treatment over 7 to 15 days.

RESULTS
Lesion improvement was observed in all patients after 48 hours and considered attributable to the standard treatment recommended by ostomy professionals.

CONCLUSIONS
The adapted crusting technique was effective in the treatment of children with peristomal lesions. This technique may be beneficial to other patient and organizational outcomes such as improving safety of care, decreasing pain and discomfort, reducing nursing workload and hospital costs, and improving quality of life.
Primary care of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kilmer Michele 
Published: May 2020

Abstract:
Pediatric autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consists of multisystem components that primary care providers (PCPs) must address. PCPs improve health outcomes associated with ASD when they administer developmental screening tools and thoroughly assess identified concerns. Pursuing specialty health services early in childhood combined with managing comorbid conditions curtails symptom escalation and disease progression.
Improving SBIRT in a nurse-managed clinic serving homeless patients with substance use disorder
Authors: Kerrins Ryan B. , Hemphill Jean Croce 
Published: May 2020

Abstract:
A nurse-managed clinic in Northeast Tennessee that mainly serves unstably housed patients launched a process improvement project to evaluate Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) implementation and use. These findings could guide future SBIRT efforts among vulnerable groups.