bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which Priorities for Health and Well‐Being Stand Out After Accounting for Tangled Threats and Costs? Simulating Potential Intervention Portfolios in Large Urban Counties
Authors: MILSTEIN BOBBY , HOMER JACK 
Published: February 2020

Policy Points
Interventions in a regional system with intertwined threats and costs should address those threats that have the strongest, quickest, and most pervasive cross‐impacts.
Instead of focusing on an individual county's apparent shortcomings, a regional intervention portfolio can yield greater results when it is designed to counter those systemic threats, especially poverty and inadequate social support, that most undermine health and well‐being virtually everywhere.
Likewise, efforts to reduce smoking, addiction, and violent crime and to improve routine care, health insurance, and youth education are important for most counties to unlock both short‐ and long‐term potential.
ContextCounties across the United States must contend with multiple, intertwined threats and costs that defy simple solutions. Decision makers face the necessary but difficult task of prioritizing those interventions with the greatest potential to produce equitable health and well‐being.MethodsUsing County Health Rankings data for a predefined peer group of 39 urban US counties, we performed statistical regressions to identify 37 cross‐impacts among 15 threats to health and well‐being. Adding appropriate time delays, we then developed a dynamic model of these cross‐impacts and simulated each of the counties over 20 years to assess the likely impact of 12 potential interventions—individually and in a combined portfolio—for three outcomes: (1) years of potential life lost, (2) fraction of adults in fair or poor health, and (3) total spending on urgent services.FindingsThe combined portfolio yielded improvements by year 20 that are considerably greater than those at year 5, indicating that the time delays have a major effect. Despite the wide variation in threat levels across counties, the list of top‐ranked interventions is strikingly similar. Poverty reduction and social support were the most highly ranked interventions, even in the shorter term, for all outcomes in all counties. Interventions affecting smoking, addiction, routine care, health insurance, violent crime, and youth education also were important contributors to some outcomes.ConclusionsTo safeguard health and well‐being in a system dominated by tangled threats and costs, the most important priorities for a county cannot be simply inferred from a profile of its relative strengths and weaknesses. Two interventions stood out as the top priorities for almost all the counties in this study, and six others also were important contributors. Interventions directed toward these priority areas are likely to yield the greatest impact, irrespective of the county's specifics. A significant concentration of resources in a regional portfolio therefore ought to go to these strongest contributors for equitable health and well‐being.
Electrospinning of nanofibers: Potentials and perspectives for active food packaging
Authors: Zhang Cen , Li Yang , Wang Peng , Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectrospun nanofibers with structural and functional advantages have drawn much attention due to their potential applications for active food packaging. The traditional role of food packaging is just storage containers for food products. The changes of retailing practice and consumer demand promote the development of active packaging to improve the safety, quality, and shelf life of the packaged foods. To develop the technique of electrospinning for active food packaging, electrospun nanofibers have been covalently or non‐covalently functionalized for loading diverse bioactive compounds including antimicrobial agents, antioxidant agents, oxygen scavengers, carbon dioxide emitters, and ethylene scavengers. The aim of this review is to present a concise but comprehensive summary on the progress of electrospinning techniques for active food packaging. Emphasis is placed on the tunability of the electrospinning technique, which achieves the modification of fiber composition, orientation, and architecture. Efforts are also made to provide functionalized strategies of electrospun polymeric nanofibers for food packaging application. Furthermore, the existing limitations and prospects for developing electrospinning in food packaging area are discussed.
Protecting what is left after colonisation: embedding climate adaptation planning in traditional owner narratives
Authors: Lyons Ilisapeci , Hill Rosemary , Deshong Samarla , Mooney Gary , Turpin Gerry 
Published: February 2020

Key insightsIn this case study, Traditional Owners in the Great Barrier Reef identified that protecting what is left of Indigenous material culture and socio‐cultural relationships provides the best approach to climate adaptation planning. Protecting what is left supports decolonising and strengthens Indigenous customary practices and governance, thereby supporting their strategies for cultural renewal and survival.
A Seismic Hazard Map Based on Geology and Shear‐wave Velocity in Rawalpindi–Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: KHAN Sarfraz , WASEEM Muhammad , KHAN M. Asif 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ‘twin cities’ district of Rawalpindi–Islamabad is among the most endangered seismic regions in Pakistan, with the seismic hazard assessed (0.32 g) to intensity IX MMI for a 475‐year return period. A seismic hazard map for Rawalpindi–Islamabad is presented herein, based on 85 shear‐wave velocity (VS) profiles obtained through geophysical H/V measurements and from the geological map of the region. Relationships between the average top thirty‐meter shear‐wave velocities (VS30) and surficial geological units have been determined. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) maps for 150, 475 and 2475‐year return periods were converted into a seismic intensity map. Intensity increments for different soils were used to compute PGA values for 150, 475 and 2475‐year return periods. Sites located on softer ground experienced a higher degree of damage from moderate earthquakes. Due to the presence of soft clay or liquefiable soil and lateral spreading, a few locations may be classified as hybrid sites class C and D. This map is a critical step in facilitating code‐based site classification and seismic design throughout Rawalpindi–Islamabad. Although the seismic hazard map based on seismic intensities is no longer used in engineering geology, it is still important in seismological analysis and for civil protection purposes.
Geochemical Characteristics of Early Permian Pyroclastic Rocks in the Jimunai Basin, West Junggar, Xinjiang (NW China): Implications for Provenance and Tectonic Setting
Authors: SHANGGUAN Yunfei , ZHUANG Xinguo , LI Baoqing , LI Jing , QUEROL Xavier , LIU Shunbin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring the Late Paleozoic, West Junggar (Xinjiang, NW China) experienced a shift in tectonic setting from compression to extension. Ha'erjiao is an important area for investigating collisional structures, post–collisional structures, and magmatic activities. Based on the petrological and geochemical characteristics of pyroclastic and other volcanic rocks in the Permian Kalagang Formation from the borehole ZKH1205 in the Jimunai Basin, the main types of source rock for the pyroclastic rocks deposited in the basin are identified and their implications for the Early Permian tectonic setting examined. The abundance of basalt and andesite lithic fragments in the pyroclastic rocks, together with the REE characteristics and the contents of transition and high field strength elements show that the source rocks were chiefly intermediate–basic volcanic rocks. High ICV values, low CIA values, low Rb/Sr ratios, low Th/U ratios and the mineralogical features suggest weak chemical weathering of the source rocks; the geochemical patterns of the pyroclastic rocks might not only have been impacted by crustal contamination but also might be related to the nature of the magma from the source area. The geochemical properties of the pyroclastic rocks distinguish them from arc‐related ones, and such samples plot in the within‐plate basalt (WPB) field in some diagrams. This is consistent with the formation background of the Early Permian volcanic rocks in this region.
Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Middle Ordovician Ocean Island Basalts from the Chagantaolegai Ophiolitic Mélange in Junggar, NW China
Authors: CHEN Jiafu , LI Rongyan , MA Haitao , HAN Baofu , LIU Junlai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeamount accretion is one of the most significant accretionary orogenic processes in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, but there are few paleo‐seamounts reported from and debate on the tectonic evolution of the Junggar Ocean still exists. In this study, we present geochronological, mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic data for basalts from the Chagantaolegai ophiolitic mélanges in Junggar. Zircon U‐Pb dating on one basalt yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 469 ± 7 Ma, which suggests that it formed in the Middle Ordovician. All rock samples belong to alkaline basalt and show similar geochemical characteristics, displaying high TiO2 (∼3 wt%), (La/Yb)N (17.6–19.0), &#x03A3;REE (232–289 ppm) and enrichment in Nb and Ta, which implies an ocean island basalt (OIB) affinity. Based upon positive &#x03B5;Nd(t) (+4.16 to +4.23), ΔNb (0.20–0.22) and low initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.70425 to 0.70452) and Zr/Nb (3.35–3.57), we suggest that the Chagantaolegai OIB samples were likely derived from a fertile mantle source related to plume. The OIB rock assemblage, chert and marble in the southern part of the Chagantaolegai ophiolitic mélange indicates that a Middle Ordovician seamount was accreted to the Boshchekul‐Chingiz arc due to the northward subduction of the Junggar‐Balkhash Ocean.
Age, sex, race and ethnicity representativeness of randomised controlled trials in peri‐operative medicine
Authors: Lindsay W. A. , Murphy M. M. , Almghairbi D. S. , Moppett I. K. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe applicability of the results of any clinical trial will depend to a large extent on whether the study population is representative of the population seen in clinical practice. The growing older surgical population presents challenges for peri‐operative researchers to ensure there is adequate representation of patients in terms of their age, sex, race and ethnicity in clinical trials. A review of purposively sampled published randomised controlled trials was performed to establish the age, sex, race and ethnicity of study participants. These data were compared with national registry data for the relevant surgical populations. We included 224 peri‐operative trials that were cited in 469 retrieved meta‐analyses. Of these, 50 (22.3%) had an upper age limit to recruitment. The median (range [IQR]) difference in study population age from the registry population age was: ‐2.4 (−6.2 to 1.0 [−34.7 to 14.5]) years for all randomised controlled trials; −6.2 (−9.4 to −2.8 [−18.6 to 4.6]) years for randomised controlled trials of patients undergoing hip arthroplasty; and −3.4 (−9.6 to −1.1 [−34.7 to 2.9]) years for randomised controlled trials of patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. In 92 (41.1%) randomised controlled trials, the proportion of each sex in the study population was more than 25% different from the proportion in the registry population. Only 5 (2.2%) trials published data on the race or ethnicity of participants. We conclude that peri‐operative randomised controlled trials are unlikely to be representative of the age and sex of clinically treated surgical populations. Researchers must endeavour to ensure representative study populations are recruited to future clinical trials.
Knowledge of disease and self‐management of adolescents with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Krauthammer Alex , Harel Tal , Zevit Noam , Shouval Dror S. , Shamir Raanan , Weiss Batia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo describe factors that might affect successful transition in young adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsQuestionnaires regarding the personal disease history, treatment and diseases specific knowledge and patients’ self‐efficacy were completed by teenaged patients with IBD aged 14‐18 years, during routine clinic visits. Patient answers were then compared with information obtained from the medical records and information provided by treating physician.ResultsThe study included 80 patients with IBD, 54 (67.5%) with Crohn's disease. Patients demonstrated good knowledge in their personal disease history and current treatment. Knowledge gaps were observed in medication dosages, knowledge of potential side effects and effects of smoking on disease, with only 53/80 (66%), 12/80 (15%) and 6/36 (16.7%) of patients providing correct answers. Only 25/36 (69.4%) of the patients aged 16‐18 had read about their disease. All patients in 16‐18 age group reported needing assistance to schedule a gastroenterologist appointment.ConclusionKnowledge and self‐efficacy skills of IBD teenagers are suboptimal regarding medications, smoking and appointment management. Medical providers should work with parents and teenaged patients with IBD to allow them to attain missing information and promote self‐efficacy skills, in order to reinforce readiness towards transition.
Narrative review of interventions suitable for well‐baby clinics to promote infant attachment security and parents’ sensitivity
Authors: Bergström Malin , Gebreslassie Mihretab , Hedqvist Maria , Lindberg Lene , Sarkadi Anna , Hjern Anders 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the evidence for interventions for children's secure attachment relationships and parents’ caregiving sensitivity that could potentially be implemented in the context of a well‐baby clinic.MethodsLiterature search on programmes for parental caregiving sensitivity and secure attachment for infants aged 0‐24 months. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published 1995‐2018 with interventions starting from one week postpartum, and with a maximum of 12 sessions (plus potential booster session) were included.ResultsWe identified 25 studies, of which 22 studied effects of home‐based programmes using video feedback techniques. Positive effects of these interventions in families at risk were found on parental caregiving sensitivity and to a lesser extent also on children's secure or disorganised attachment. The effects of two of these programmes were supported by several RCTs. Three intervention studies based on group and individual psychotherapy showed no significant positive effects. Most of the interventions targeted mothers only.ConclusionThe review found some evidence for positive effects of selective interventions with video feedback techniques for children's secure attachment and strong evidence for positive effects on parental caregiving sensitivity. Important knowledge gaps were identified for universal interventions and interventions for fathers and parents with a non‐Western background.
Censored quantile regression model with time‐varying covariates under length‐biased sampling
Authors: Cai Zexi , Sit Tony 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuantile regression is a flexible and effective tool for modeling survival data and its relationship with important covariates, which often vary over time. Informative right censoring of data from the prevalent cohort within the population often results in length‐biased observations. We propose an estimating equation‐based approach to obtain consistent estimators of the regression coefficients of interest based on length‐biased observations with time‐dependent covariates. In addition, inspired by Zeng and Lin 2008, we also develop a more numerically stable procedure for variance estimation. Large sample properties including consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator are established. Numerical studies presented demonstrate convincing performance of the proposed estimator under various settings. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated using the Oscar dataset.
Fifty years of British Journal of Educational Technology: A topic modeling based bibliometric perspective
Authors: Chen Xieling , Zou Di , Xie Haoran 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe British Journal of Educational Technology (BJET) has been active in the field of educational technology since 1970. To celebrate its 50th anniversary and to demonstrate a comprehensive overview of the field, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the 3710 publications in this journal from 1971 to 2018 as indexed in the Web of Science with full bibliographic information. This study aimed to (1) identify the publication and citation trends, (2) explore the distribution of paper types, (3) recognize the most relevant countries/regions, affiliations and authors, and (4) reveal relevant thematic features by analyzing publication abstracts and titles with the use of word cloud analysis and topic modeling analysis. The results highlighted several research hotspots and emerging topics such as Technology‐enhanced classroom pedagogy, Blended learning, Online social communities, Mobile assisted language learning, Game‐based learning and Socialized e‐learning.
The Zn2+ and Ca2+‐binding S100B and S100A1 proteins: beyond the myths
Authors: Baudier Jacques , Deloulme Jean Christophe , Shaw Gary S. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe S100 genes encode a conserved group of 21 vertebrate‐specific EF‐hand calcium‐binding proteins. Since their discovery in 1965, S100 proteins have remained enigmatic in terms of their cellular functions. In this review, we summarize the calcium‐ and zinc‐binding properties of the dimeric S100B and S100A1 proteins and highlight data that shed new light on the extracellular and intracellular regulation and functions of S100B. We point out that S100B and S100A1 homodimers are not functionally interchangeable and that in a S100A1/S100B heterodimer, S100A1 acts as a negative regulator for the ability of S100B to bind Zn2+. The Ca2+ and Zn2+‐dependent interactions of S100B with a wide array of proteins form the basis of its activities and have led to the derivation of some initial rules for S100B recognition of protein targets. However, recent findings have strongly suggested that these rules need to be revisited. Here, we describe a new consensus S100B binding motif present in intracellular and extracellular vertebrate‐specific proteins and propose a new model for stable interactions of S100B dimers with full‐length target proteins. A chaperone‐associated function for intracellular S100B in adaptive cellular stress responses is also discussed. This review may help guide future studies on the functions of S100 proteins in general.
Low fuel cost and rising fish price threaten coral reef wilderness
Authors: Januchowski‐Hartley Fraser A. , Vigliola Laurent , Maire Eva , Kulbicki Michel , Mouillot David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWilderness areas offer unparalleled ecosystem conditions. However, growing human populations and consumption are among factors that drive encroachment on these areas. Here, we explore the threat of small‐scale fisheries to wilderness reefs by developing a framework and modeling fluctuations in fishery range with fuel costs and fish prices. We modeled biomass of four fishery groups across the New Caledonian archipelago, and used fish and fuel prices from 2005 to 2020 to estimate the extent of exploited reefs across three fishing scenarios. From 2012 to 2018, maximum profitable range increased from 15 to over 30 hr from the capital city, expanding to reefs previously uneconomic to fish, including a UNESCO heritage site. By 2020, over half of New Caledonian (∼17% global) wilderness reefs will become profitable to fish. Our results demonstrate that remoteness from humans should not be considered protection for wilderness coral reefs in the context of rising fish prices.
Endothelial function after pancreas transplantation—A single‐center observational study
Authors: Nordheim Espen , Dahle Dag Olav , Halden Thea , Birkeland Kåre I. , Åsberg Anders , Hartmann Anders , Horneland Rune , Jenssen Trond Geir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with diabetes mellitus treated with successful pancreas transplantation (PTX) normalize hyperglycemia, but are exposed to immunosuppressive drugs that may impair endothelial function. This study aimed to evaluate endothelial function in single PTX recipients.MethodsFlow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) in the brachial artery was measured by ultrasound 8 weeks after transplantation in single PTX (n = 27) and compared with healthy controls (n = 58), simultaneous pancreas and kidney recipients (n = 9), and kidney transplant recipients with (n = 41) and without (n = 95) diabetes mellitus. Adjustments for age, gender, blood pressure, and body mass index were included in a linear regression model. Changes in FMD from before to 1 year after transplantation were assessed in a subgroup of PTX recipients (n = 9).ResultsFlow‐mediated dilatation% in PTX recipients was not inferior to healthy controls (8.7 ± 3.6 vs 7.7 ± 3.3, P = .06) and simultaneous pancreas and kidney recipients (6.7 ± 4.5, P = .24) in an adjusted model, and superior to kidney recipients with and without diabetes (3.0 ± 3.0 and 4.8 ± 3.3, respectively, both P < .005). FMD% improved significantly from eight weeks to one year after PTX, mean 7.9 ± 4.2% vs 11.8 ± 4.8% (N = 9; P = .03).ConclusionFlow‐mediated dilatation is well preserved in patients undergoing pancreas transplantation and is not impaired when immunosuppressive drugs are introduced.
Once‐Daily Oxycodone Prolonged‐Release Tablets Are Resistant to Alcohol‐Induced Dose Dumping: Results From a Randomized Trial in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Burger Nils , Fraser Douglas , Maritz Martina Alice , Faulkner Janice , Rey Helene 
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of concomitant alcohol intake on the bioavailability of oxycodone from an oxycodone once‐daily (OOD) formulation and an oxycodone twice‐daily (OTD) formulation. A phase I, open‐label, randomized, crossover alcohol interaction study in 20 healthy volunteers under fasting conditions was conducted. Participants received five treatments, OOD with 240 mL of 0%, 20%, or 40% alcohol; and OTD with 240 mL of 0% or 40% alcohol. Pharmacokinetic parameters did not differ between participants taking OOD with water or with 240 mL of 20% alcohol. There was a slight increase in overall oxycodone absorption from OOD with 40% alcohol but no increase in peak absorption. Oxycodone absorption from OTD showed peak and overall increases with 40% alcohol but maintained a prolonged‐release profile. Although it is recommended that alcohol be avoided while taking opioids, there was no evidence of alcohol‐induced dose dumping in these oxycodone formulations.