bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of direct‐acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) on bleeding and blood product usage in cardiac surgery compared to warfarin and controls
Authors: Little Christopher , Szydlo Richard , Aw TC , Laffan Mike , Arachchillage Deepa R. J. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn this retrospective, single‐centre, observational study, we assessed (i) use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet (AP) therapy, (ii) the duration of direct‐acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) discontinuation, (iii) renal function and (iv) PT and APTT as predictors of bleeding and blood product usage; in adults (>18 years) undergoing major cardiac surgery from 01.01.2015 to 31.12.2018. Comparisons were made between each treatment group (warfarin, DOAC and DOAC + AP) and untreated controls, and between warfarin and DOAC. A total of 2928 patients were included for analysis. Median (range) of DOAC discontinuation prior to surgery was five days (1–22) for DOAC and five days (2–7) for DOAC + AP. There were no differences in bleeding between anticoagulant groups versus control, or DOAC versus warfarin. There were no differences in blood product use between DOAC and warfarin patients. The duration of DOAC discontinuation but not the creatinine clearance influenced bleeding and blood products use. Thrombosis occurred in 0·7% and 3·1% in controls and patients on warfarin respectively (P = 0·099) with none among patients on DOAC or DOAC + AP. The PT/APTT had no predictive value. Median five‐day discontinuation of DOAC +/− AP irrespective of renal function prevents an increase in bleeding compared to patients on warfarin or controls with no increase in thrombosis.
Parallel genetic algorithm for N‐Queens problem based on message passing interface‐compute unified device architecture
Authors: Jianli Cao , Zhikui Chen , Yuxin Wang , He Guo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractN‐Queens problem derives three variants: obtaining a specific solution, obtaining a set of solutions and obtaining all solutions. The purpose of the variant I is to find a constructive solution, which has been solved. Variant III is aiming to find all solutions and the largest number of queens currently being resolved is 26. Variant II whose purpose is to obtain a set of solutions for larger‐scale problems relies on various intelligent algorithms. In this paper, we use a master‐slave model genetic algorithm that combines the idea of the evolutionary algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm to solve Variant III, and use a parallel fitness function based on compute unified device architecture. Experimental results show that our scheme achieved a maximum 60‐fold speedup over the single‐CPU counterpart. On this basis, a two‐level parallel genetic algorithm based on the island model and master‐slave model is implemented on the GPU cluster by using message passing interface technology. Using two‐node and three‐node GPU cluster, speedup of 1.46 and 2.01 are obtained on average over single‐node, respectively. Compared with the sequential genetic algorithm, the two‐level parallel genetic algorithm makes full use of the parallel computing power of GPU cluster in solving N‐Queen variant II and improves the performance by 99.19 times in the best
case.
Marine biodiversity offsets: Pragmatic approaches toward better conservation outcomes
Authors: Jacob Céline , van Bochove Jan‐Willem , Livingstone Suzanne , White Thomas , Pilgrim John , Bennun Leon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIncreasing exploitation of marine natural resources and expansion of energy infrastructure, shipping, and aquaculture across the oceans are placing increased pressure on marine life. Biodiversity offsets, as the last stage of the mitigation hierarchy, provide an opportunity to promote a more sustainable basis for development by addressing residual impacts and achieving “no net loss” for biodiversity. Despite debate around their effectiveness, biodiversity offsets are seeing increasing application on land but remain a rarely used tool in the marine environment. We assess how offsets can be applied in the marine environment to achieve better biodiversity outcomes, and identify implications for conservation policy and practice. For instance, spatial conservation planning provides opportunities to move away from a siloed, project‐by‐project, approach by pooling offsets on a regional scale. There are real differences between marine and terrestrial environments in relation to ecology, connectivity, data availability, management options, and impact perception, and marine offsets are therefore often regarded as challenging. However, fundamental offset principles, types, and approaches apply equally on land and at sea. Marine biodiversity offset approaches can build on the experience of terrestrial offsets but can also innovate to help achieve biodiversity gains and contribute toward global and national biodiversity targets.
Ichthyosen im klinischen Alltag: Umgang mit einer seltenen Erkrankungsgruppe
Authors: Süßmuth Kira , Traupe Heiko , Metze Dieter , Oji Vinzenz 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIchthyosen sind eine Gruppe genetisch bedingter Verhornungsstörungen, welche sich in den unterschiedlichsten Ausprägungen zeigen können. Man unterscheidet zwischen den häufigen hereditären Ichthyosen (Ichthyosis vulgaris und X‐chromosomale Ichthyose), die meist im ersten Lebensjahr manifest werden und den seltenen, manchmal schwerwiegenden, kongenitalen Ichthyosen. Dazu zählen die autosomal‐rezessiven kongenitalen Ichthyosen. Bei sehr milden Formen ist den Betroffenen häufig das Vorliegen einer genetisch bedingten Erkrankung nicht bewusst. Die Diagnose einer Ichthyose wird meistens klinisch gestellt und kann mit molekulargenetischen, histologischen und elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen eingegrenzt oder bestätigt werden. Bei der Diagnostik ist die Erstellung eines Stammbaumes hilfreich. Wichtig sind bei der Anamnese und körperlichen Untersuchung neben dem Hautbefund der Zeitpunkt erster Symptome, Kollodiumphase, Haaranomalien und extrakutane Symptome.Bei der Ichthyosetherapie steht die symptomatische Behandlung durch konsequente Rückfettung mehrmals täglich und Badetherapie im Vordergrund. Für einige Patienten mit schweren Formen sollte eine Systemtherapie mit Acitretin durchaus individuell erwogen werden. Ichthyosen sind zumeist auf die Haut begrenzt. Es gibt jedoch syndromale Formen, bei denen andere Organe erkranken können. Diese Formen der Ichthyosen erfordern eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt sind Ichthyosen eine nicht heilbare, aber gut therapierbare Erkrankungsgruppe. Allerdings ist die Behandlung häufig kostspielig und zeitintensiv. In Zukunft könnten Enzymersatz‐ und Gentherapien sowie antientzündliche Medikamente neue Therapieoptionen darstellen.
Polycomb group RING finger protein 5 influences several developmental signaling pathways during the in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Meng Ying , Liu Yang , Dakou Eleni , Gutierrez Gustavo J. , Leyns Luc 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolycomb group (PcG) RING finger protein 5 (PCGF5) is a core component of the so‐called Polycomb repressive complex 1.5 (PRC1.5), which is involved in epigenetic transcriptional repression. To explore the developmental function of Pcgf5, we generated Pcgf5 knockout (Pcgf5−/−) mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) lines with the help of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We subjected the Pcgf5−/− and wild‐type (WT) mESCs to a differentiation protocol toward mesodermal‐cardiac cell types as aggregated embryoid bodies (EBs) and we found that knockout of Pcgf5 delayed the generation of the three germ layers, especially the ectoderm. Further, disruption of Pcgf5 impacted the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition during EB morphogenesis and differentially affected the gene expression of essential developmental signaling pathways such as Nodal and Wnt. Finally, we also unveiled that loss of Pcgf5 induced the repression of genes involved in the Notch pathway, which may explain the enhancement of cardiomyocyte maturation and the dampening of ectodermal‐neural differentiation observed in the Pcgf5−/− EBs.
Sodium–glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcome trials and generalizability to English primary care
Authors: Hinton W. , Feher M. , Munro N. , Joy M. , de Lusignan S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo identify people in English primary care with equivalent cardiovascular risk to participants in the sodium–glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT‐2i) cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs). A secondary objective was to report the usage of SGLT‐2is.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of people registered with participating practices in the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) network on the 31 December 2016. We derived: (1) proportions of the primary care population eligible for inclusion in each SGLT‐2i CVOT (CANVAS, DECLARE, EMPA‐REG and VERTIS); (2) characteristics of the eligible population compared with trial participants (demographics, disease duration and vascular risk); and (3) differences within the eligible population prescribed SGLT‐2is.ResultsThe proportions of people with type 2 diabetes (N = 84 394) meeting the inclusion criteria for each CVOT were: DECLARE 27% [95% confidence interval (CI) 26.5–27.1]; CANVAS 17% (16.6–17.1); VERTIS 7% (7.1–7.4); and EMPA‐REG 7% (6.5–6.8). Primary care populations fulfilling inclusion criteria were 5–8 years older than trial cohorts, and <10% with inclusion criteria of each trial were prescribed an SGLT‐2i; a greater proportion were men, and of white ethnicity.ConclusionsThere was variation in proportions of the primary care type 2 diabetes population fulfilling inclusion criteria of SGLT‐2i CVOTs. The more stringent the inclusion criteria, the lower the proportion identified in a primary care setting. Prescription rates for SGLT‐2is were low in this national database, and there were demographic disparities in prescribing.
Differential expression of nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase in primary and recurrent ameloblastomas and odontogenic keratocysts
Authors: Mascitti Marco , Sartini Davide , Togni Lucrezia , Pozzi Valentina , Rubini Corrado , Santarelli Andrea , Emanuelli Monica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundOdontogenic tumours are a group of rare heterogeneous diseases that range from hamartomatous tissue proliferations to benign and malignant neoplasms. Recurrences can occur after 10 years, so long‐term clinical and radiological follow‐up is required. The study of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of these lesions is necessary to identify new prognostic markers. In this study, we evaluate the possible role of nicotinamide N‐methyltransferase (NNMT) in ameloblastomas (AM) and odontogenic keratocysts (OKC).Materials and methodsA total of 105 surgical specimens of primary and recurrent lesions were obtained from 55 patients (25 AM, 30 OKC). In particular, 50 AMs (25 primary, 25 recurrences) and 55 OKCs (30 primary, 25 recurrences) were retrieved. We carried out immunohistochemical analyses to evaluate the cytoplasmic expression of NNMT, measuring the percentage of positive cells and the value of NNMT expression intensity.ResultsNNMT expression was significantly higher in recurrent than primary AMs (P = .0430). This result was confirmed by staining intensity, showing more cases with moderate/intense staining in recurrent AMs (P = .0470). NNMT expression was significantly lower in recurrent than primary OKC (P = .0014). Staining intensity showed more cases with moderate/intense staining in primary OKCs (P = .0276).ConclusionsThis report is the first to evaluate NNMT expression in odontogenic lesions and to demonstrate a differential expression in recurrent AMs and OKCs, suggesting that there is potential for use of NNMT as prognostic marker.
A laboratory study to disentangle hydrological, mechanical and structural mechanisms of soil stabilization by plant mucilage between eroding and depositional zones of a slope
Authors: Zhong Xiao‐lan , Li Jiang‐tao , Naveed Muhammad , Raffan Annette , Hallett Paul D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiological exudates, such as plant mucilage, can greatly stabilize soils, but as the mechanical and hydrological drivers depend much on soil particle size composition, eroding and depositional areas of a slope may respond differently. Soils from an eroded midslope and a depositional footslope in an arable farm were amended with chia (Salvia hispanica) seed mucilage at concentrations of 0 g C kg−1, 0.46 g C kg−1 and 2.3 g C kg−1 mucilage, formed into cores, and then imparted with wetting and drying (WD) cycles. Mucilage increased the stability of these inherently stable soils from 80% to >98% water‐stable macroaggregates at 0 WD cycles regardless of slope position. Aggregate stability was maintained after 5 WD cycles by mucilage, whereas the stability of unamended soil dropped by 66.7% in the footslope and 30.1% in the midslope compared with 0 WD. The underlying physical stability properties were measured by tensile strength and penetration resistance for mechanical properties, water sorptivity and repellency for hydrological properties, and micro‐, meso‐, macro‐ and total porosity for structural properties. Almost every soil physical property measured changed less with WD cycles if mucilage was present. Compared to unamended soil, 2.3 g C kg−1 mucilage amendment decreased water sorptivity from 0.289 mm s−1/2 to 0.122 mm s−1/2 in the midslope and 0.230 mm s−1/2 to 0.182 mm s−1/2 in the footslope after 5 WD cycles. Aggregate stability, total porosity and water sorptivity were correlated. In the midslope, hydrology and penetration resistance were affected the most, which was likely to be driven by mucilage deposition in the macropores of this more coarsely textured soil. In the footslope, the greater impact of mucilage on tensile strength was likely to be driven by buffering of macroporosity formation by WD cycles in this finer‐textured soil.Highlights
We explored how slope position interacts with plant mucilage to drive soil physical stability.
Changes in soil physical stability by plant mucilage have rarely been considered with slope position.
Interactions between mucilage and soil particles caused greater physical stability in the midslope than footslope.
Mucilage stabilized soil by easing changes in pore structure, DOC redistribution and water repellency, with particle bonding less important.
Association of daytime napping with incident stroke in middle‐aged and older adults: a large community‐based study
Authors: Yan B. , Jin X. , Li R. , Gao Y. , Zhang J. , Li J. , Wang G. 
Published: March 2020

Background and purposeThere are conflicting reports on the association between daytime napping and incident stroke. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between daytime napping and stroke within a community‐based cohort.MethodsThe present prospective study was based on the Sleep Heart Health Study. Napping habits were assessed with a self‐reported Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Participants with napping habits of different durations and frequencies were followed up until the first stroke occurred or the final censoring date. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relationship between napping habits and stroke.ResultsA total of 4757 participants (2219 men, mean age 63.6 ± 11.1 years) were enrolled in this study. Compared with those taking no naps, multivariate proportional hazards models analysis indicated that individuals taking naps with a duration of >60 min [hazard ratio (HR), 2.460; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.538–3.934] had a higher risk of stroke. There was also an increased risk of stroke among participants taking naps daily (HR, 1.563; 95% CI, 1.059–2.307) or five to six times/week (HR, 1.548; 95% CI, 1.026–2.335). After combining napping durations and frequencies, regular long naps (HR, 1.903; 95% CI, 1.182–3.065) and regular short naps (HR, 1.451; 95% CI, 1.010–2.084) were independent risk factors for incident stroke.ConclusionDaytime napping with a long duration (>30 min) or a high frequency (≥5 times/week) may increase the risk of stroke.
Experimental study of alarm calls of the oriental tit (Parus minor) toward different predators and reactions they induce in nestlings
Authors: Ha Jungmoon , Lee Keesan , Yang Eunjeong , Kim Woojoo , Song Ho‐kyung , Hwang Injae , Lee‐Cruz Larisa , Lee Sang‐im , Jablonski Piotr 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnti‐predatory strategies of birds are diverse and may include predator‐specific alarm calls. For example, oriental tit (Parus minor) parents can distinguish snakes from other predators and produce snake‐specific referential vocalizations ("jar" call) when a snake poses a threat to their nest. The “jar” call has a very specific function to induce fledging of nestlings close to fledging age. This reaction ensures nestlings' survival in natural encounters with snakes that are capable of entering nest cavities and kill entire broods. Sciurid rodents, like chipmunks, may pose a similar threat to cavity‐nesting birds. We explored the hypothesis that parents use the fledging‐inducing alarm vocalizations in this situation, because chipmunks, like snakes, can kill the brood upon entering the nest cavity. We compared alarm calls of parents toward two predators (chipmunk and snake) who pose a similar threat to the nestlings in a nest cavity, and toward an avian predator (Eurasian jay) who cannot enter nest cavities and poses no threat to the nestlings in a nest. Our results show that the vocal responses of oriental tits were different among the three predators. This suggests that the acoustic properties of vocal responses to predators are different between predators of a similar hunting strategy (nest‐cavity entering). The playback of recorded vocal responses of parents to chipmunks did not trigger the fledging of old nestlings, whereas the vocalizations toward a snake did, as shown by earlier studies. Our study suggests that the vocal response of parents does not carry information about the ability of predators to enter the nest cavity and confirms the special status of alarm calls triggered by snakes.
Habitat‐dependent advertisement call variation in the monkey frog Phyllomedusa nordestina
Authors: Röhr David Lucas , Camurugi Felipe , Martinez Pablo Ariel , Sousa‐Lima Renata S. , Juncá Flora Acuña , Garda Adrian Antonio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe acoustic adaptation hypothesis (AAH) predicts that acoustic signals are selected to propagate more efficiently in the habitat where they are normally transmitted. Several studies corroborated the AAH for primates and birds, but evidence for frogs is contentious: While most studies failed to support the AAH, recent studies have shown that within‐species variation conforms to the predictions of the AAH. Herein, we test the AAH by comparing advertisement calls of Phyllomedusa nordestina from two contrasting habitats (Atlantic Rainforest and Caatinga) and by testing the influence of the amount of vegetation around calling sites on acoustic parameters of frog calls. The interval between pulses was significantly different between individuals from the Atlantic Rainforest and from the Caatinga, and the number of pulses was correlated with the amount of vegetation around calling sites. Hence, our results indicate that multiple evolutionary forces may act simultaneously on the advertisement calls of frogs.
Thermo‐chemo‐mechanical modeling of refractory behavior in service: Key points and new developments
Authors: Blond Eric , Nguyen Anh K. , de Bilbao Emmanuel , Sayet Thomas , Batakis Athanasios 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe lifespan of refractory results from a complex interaction between chemistry, thermal conditions, and mechanics. The development of numerical models able to predict the results of such complex multi‐physics couplings requires an intensive use of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes framework. Today, the main barriers to reach fully predictive simulations are: the access to relevant data at high temperature (chemical kinetics, chemical expansion coefficient, etc), the numerical complexity and the computational time. The theoretical framework is briefly illustrated on refractory lining applications with a focus on the impact of the swelling induced by corrosion. Then, the numerical difficulties to ensure the numerical convergence and the accuracy of the results when solving classical partial differential equations are examined. Finally, a new approach to model the capillary impregnation by slag, based on percolation theory, is proposed. The basics of this method and the first numerical results are presented.
Effects of a carbohydrate‐restricted diet on hepatic lipid content in adolescents with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A pilot, randomized trial
Authors: Goss Amy M. , Dowla Shima , Pendergrass May , Ashraf Ambika , Bolding Mark , Morrison Shannon , Amerson Alesha , Soleymani Taraneh , Gower Barbara 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common form of liver disease among adolescents in industrialized countries. While lifestyle intervention remains the hallmark treatment for NAFLD, the most effective dietary strategy to reverse NAFLD in children is unknown.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of a moderately CHO‐restricted diet (CRD) vs fat‐restricted diet (FRD) in adolescents with NAFLD on reduction in liver fat and insulin resistance.MethodsThirty‐two children/adolescents (age 9‐17) with obesity and NAFLD were randomized to a CRD (<25:25:>50% energy from CHO:protein:fat) or FRD (55:25:20) for 8 weeks. Caloric intakes were calculated to be weight maintaining. Change in hepatic lipid content was measured via magnetic resonance imaging, body composition via dual energy X ray absorptiometry and insulin resistance via a fasting blood sample.ResultsChange in hepatic lipid did not differ with diet, but declined significantly (−6.0 ± 4.7%, P < .001 only within the CRD group. We found significantly greater decreases in insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR, <.05), abdominal fat mass (P < .01) and body fat mass (P < .01) in response to the CRD vs FRD.ConclusionThese findings suggest that consumption of a moderately CHO‐restricted diet may result in decreased hepatic lipid as well as improvements in body composition and insulin resistance in adolescents with NAFLD even in the absence of intentional caloric restriction. Larger studies are needed to determine whether a CHO‐restricted diet induces change in hepatic lipid independent of change in body fat.
Phonemic contrasts under construction? Evidence from Basque
Authors: Larraza Saioa , Molnar Monika , Samuel Arthur G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAttunement theories of speech perception development suggest that native‐language exposure is one of the main factors shaping infants' phonemic discrimination capacity within the second half of their first year. Here, we focus on the role of acoustic–perceptual salience and language‐specific experience by assessing the discrimination of acoustically subtle Basque sibilant contrasts. We used the infant‐controlled version of the habituation procedure to assess discrimination in 6‐ to 7‐month and 11‐ to 12‐month‐old infants who varied in their amount of exposure to Basque and Spanish. We observed no significant variation in the infants' discrimination behavior as a function of their linguistic experience. Infants in both age‐groups exhibited poor discrimination, consistent with Basque adults finding these contrasts more difficult than some others. Our findings are in agreement with previous research showing that perceptual discrimination of subtle speech sound contrasts may follow a different developmental trajectory, where increased native‐language exposure seems to be a requisite.