bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biomarkers of key miRNAs and target genes associated with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Bingyan , Wang Yuanyong , Bai Baochen , Yu Tao , Chu Xian–ming 
Published: May 2020

Background
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is considered one of the most prominent causes of death from cardiovascular disease worldwide. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying AMI remains limited. Accurate biomarkers are needed to predict the risk of AMI and would be beneficial for managing the incidence rate. The gold standard for the diagnosis of AMI, the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) assay, requires serial testing, and the timing of measurement with respect to symptoms affects the results. As attractive candidate diagnostic biomarkers in AMI, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are easily detectable, generally stable and tissue specific.

Methods
The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to compare miRNA expression between AMI and control samples, and the interactions between miRNAs and mRNAs were analysed for expression and function. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The miRNAs identified in the bioinformatic analysis were verified by RT-qPCR in an H9C2 cell line. The miRNAs in plasma samples from patients with AMI (n = 11) and healthy controls (n = 11) were used to construct receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate the clinical prognostic value of the identified miRNAs.

Results
We identified eight novel miRNAs as potential candidate diagnostic biomarkers for patients with AMI. In addition, the predicted target genes provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying AMI.
Dental fear association between mothers and adolescents—a longitudinal study
Authors: Wong Hai Ming , Zhang Yu Yuan , Perfecto Antonio , McGrath Colman P.J. 
Published: May 2020

Aim
To assess the longitudinal association between adolescents’ and their mothers’ dental fear.

Study Design
A longitudinal questionnaire survey study.

Methods
A randomized sample of 12-year-old adolescents were selected from local Hong Kong schools. Adolescents and their mothers self-completed the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). The sociodemographic background of the mothers and the oral health habits of the adolescents were also collected and these measurements were repeated at 15- and 18-years-old. Non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney U test/Kruskall Wallis test) were used to test associations between MDAS dental fear items and independent variables. Logistic regression (adjusted for family’s sociodemographic background and adolescent’s oral health habits) was performed to evaluate the longitudinal association between adolescents’ and mothers’ dental fear.

Results
A total of 212 mother-child pairs were recruited at baseline (12-year-old adolescents). In the first and second follow-ups (15- and 18-years-old), 195 and 182 mother-child pairs completed the survey. Significant associations between mother’s and child’s scores in “feeling about having their teeth scraped and polished”, “having teeth drilled”, and ‘having an injection in the gum’ were found when adolescents were 12- years-old (P < 0.01) and 18-years-old (P < 0.05), but not at 15-years-old.

Conclusion
Adolescents’ and mothers’ dental fear is associated at 12-years-old and 18-years-old, but not at 15-years-old, which is likely specific to the Hong Kong context but may be extrapolated to other industrialized countries with caution.
Line X Tester Analysis for Protein Content in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) (Zea mays L.) Genotypes
Authors: Muhammad A. , Bubuche T. S. , Mohammad I. U. , Na-Allah M. S. 
Published: May 2020

Aims: To determine superior cross combination between QPM and tester (normal maize) genotypes in protein, tryptophan and lysine content so to enhanced protein content in locally adopted Maize Varieties (Tester) through Line X Tester method aimed in reducing protein deficiency in the study area and sub-Saharan Africa at large.
Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates and two border rows were used at the end of each replicate to minimize the border effect. Twenty-four 24 (12 x 2) crosses combinations were recovered through the Line X Tester Mating Method.
Place and Duration of Study: Field trial was conducted at Jega Teaching and Research farm of Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero (KSUSTA), Kebbi State Nigeria, during 2018 and 2019 rainy seasons.
Methodology: Experimental material comprised twelve quality protein maize (QPM) (female parents), two testers (male parents or normal maize) with diverse genetic base and one check for comparison (CML312/CML442 tester A and CML202/CML395 tester B and one check Yar acre C) were grown. The emasculation was carried out where the tassels of the female plants (seed parents or line) were removed immediately as soon as appeared, through the process called detasseling and Ear where put in selfing bag for 1 to 2 days after emergence and tassels of selected male parents (Tester) were covered with waterproof selfing bag one day after emergence, pollens from tester were dusted over the silk of line and care was taken in each stage to avoid contamination of pollen grains from tagged tester with foreign pollens.
Results: Analysis of Variance revealed that, genotypes CML503 (L4 x T1) recorded highest in crude protein in a combined mean performance with 9.1% but recorded lowest lysine and tryptophan of 3.1% and 0.4% respectively and there was drastic reduction in crude protein from 2018 (9.4%) to 2019 (8.8%), lysine from 2018 (4.1%) to 2019 (3.9%) and tryptophan from 2018 (0.8%) to 2019 (0.6%), However, local check recorded an increase in crude protein, lysine and tryptophan Crude protein increased from 2018 (1.4%) to 2019 (2.4%) and in combined mean performance (5.4%), lysine also increased from 2018 (0.2%) to 2019 (0.9%) and tryptophan 2018 (0.002%) to 2019 (0.90%).
Conclusion: Study concluded that highly significant differences among genotypes indicated the presence of inherent genetic differences among treatments and hybrid of the cross between QPM CML503 and the tester-A (L4 x T1) could be used for breeding programme aimed at protein improvement and therefore, could be grown by the maize producers for crude protein, lysine and tryptophan.
Human Microcirculation‐on‐Chip Models in Cancer Research: Key Integration of Lymphatic and Blood Vasculatures
Authors: Luque‐González Maria Angélica , Reis Rui Luis , Kundu Subhas Chandra , Caballero David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCancer metastasis is a highly complex and multistep process, which is initiated by the invasion of tumor cells into the microcirculation system. A diverse variety of organ‐on‐chip models are described investigating this critical event. However, most of these models solely integrate the blood vasculature and overlook the fundamental role of the lymphatic system despite the solid evidence showing that cancer cells mainly use this vascular network to initiate metastasis. Herein, the latest advances in the field of organ‐on‐chip models of the human microcirculation system in cancer research are reviewed. The reported models are employed to investigate the mechanistic determinants of tumor physiopathology and for the screening of new anticancer drugs under the scope of the microcirculation bed. Overall, the development of complete microcirculation‐on‐chip models integrating the blood and lymphatic vasculatures is expected to provide key insights into the drug delivery process, the screening of novel therapeutic compounds, or the mechanism of tumor invasion and metastasis, among others.
White Peroxidase‐Mimicking Nanozymes: Colorimetric Pesticide Assay without Interferences of O2 and Color
Authors: Liang Xin , Han Lei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGiven the promising prospect of peroxidase‐like nanozymes in colorimetric assay, it is interesting and significant to eliminate their oxidase‐like activities and color interference for nanozyme‐based colorimetric assay. Here, the enzyme‐mimicking activity of GeO2 nanomaterials is discovered. GeO2 nanozymes exclusively possess peroxidase‐like activity without oxidase‐like characteristics, freeing the corresponding assay system from O2 interference. Moreover, GeO2 nanozymes are white, thereby eliminating the color interference of the nanozymes themselves in nanozymes‐based colorimetric assay. Interestingly, compared with other metal oxides, GeO2 nanozymes are easily decomposed by thiocholine, acetylcholinesterase (AChE)‐catalyzed hydrolysate, which triggers an ultrasensitive and anti‐interference organophosphate pesticides assay process based on the irreversible inhibition of AChE. The proposed strategy about finding nanozymes with single activity without interference color will open avenues for improving the performance of colorimetric analysis systems based on nanozymes.
Facet‐Dependent, Fast Response, and Broadband Photodetector Based on Highly Stable All‐Inorganic CsCu2I3 Single Crystal with 1D Electronic Structure
Authors: Li Ziqing , Li Ziliang , Shi Zhifeng , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLow‐dimensional metal halides at molecular level, which feature strong quantum confinement effects from intrinsic structure, are emerging as ideal candidates in optoelectronic fields. However, developing stable and nontoxic metal halides still remains a great challenge. Herein, for the first time, high‐crystalline and highly stable CsCu2I3 single crystal, which is acquired by a low‐cost antisolvent vapor assisted method, is successfully developed to construct high‐speed (trise/tdecay = 0.19 ms/14.7 ms) and UV‐to‐visible broadband (300–700 nm) photodetector, outperforming most reported photodetectors based on individual all‐inorganic lead‐free metal halides. Intriguingly, facet‐dependent photoresponse is observed for CsCu2I3 single crystal, whose morphology consists of {010}, {110}, and {021} crystal planes. The on–off ratio of {010} crystal plane is higher than that of {110} crystal plane, mainly owing to lower dark current. Furthermore, photogenerated electrons are localized in twofold chains created by [CuI4] tetrahedra, leading to relatively small effective mass and fast transport mobility along the 1D transport pathway. Anisotropic carrier transport characteristic is related to stronger confinement and higher electron density for {110} crystal planes. This work not only demonstrates the great potential of CsCu2I3 single crystal in high‐performance optoelectronics, but also gives insights into 1D electronic structure associated with fast photoresponse and high anisotropy.
Revealing the Structural Evolution of Green Rust Synthesized in Ionic Liquids by In Situ Molecular Imaging
Authors: Shen Yanjie , Fu Yao , Yao Jennifer , Lao David , Nune Satish , Zhu Zihua , Heldebrant David , Yao Xiaohong , Yu Xiao‐Ying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIonic liquids are green solvents that have wide applications in material synthesis, catalysis, and separation. A model switchable ionic liquid (SWIL) consisting of 1,8‐diazabicycloundec‐7‐ene (DBU) and 1‐hexanol with carbon dioxide (CO2) as the trigger gas is chosen to synthesize nanocrystalline green rust. Under anoxic conditions, by adding iron (II) acetate (Fe(C2H3O2)2) and methanol to the degassed SWIL, a nanoparticulate green rust with carbonate (nano‐GR) is synthesized. More importantly, the molecular structural change of the ionic liquid resulting in green rust crystallines is first characterized using in situ liquid using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) coupled with the system for analysis at the liquid vacuum interface (SALVI), a vacuum compatible microfluidic reactor in this work. Dimers and ionic clusters consisting ferric and ferrous ions are identified in liquid ToF‐SIMS spectra. Spectral principal component analysis is used to confirm that these ion pairs including dimers and cluster ions are different from nonionic liquids. The results show that liquid ToF‐SIMS can be a useful tool to study complex liquids at the molecular level providing insights into predicative synthesis of nanomaterials using environmentally friendly green solvents and giving unique visualization of the evolving material interface due to nucleation.
A Bias‐Free, Stand‐Alone, and Scalable Photovoltaic–Electrochemical Device for Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Lee Minoh , Turan Bugra , Becker Jan‐Philipp , Welter Katharina , Klingebiel Benjamin , Neumann Elmar , Sohn Yoo Jung , Merdzhanova Tsvetelina , Kirchartz Thomas , Finger Friedhelm , Rau Uwe , Haas Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough photovoltaic–electrochemical (PV–EC) water splitting is likely to be an important and powerful tool to provide environmentally friendly hydrogen, most developments in this field have been conducted on a laboratory scale so far. In order for the technology to make a sizeable impact on the energy transition, scaled up devices must be developed. Here a scalable (64 cm2 aperture area) artificial PV–EC device composed of triple‐junction thin‐film silicon solar cells in conjunction with an electrodeposited bifunctional nickel iron molybdenum water‐splitting catalyst is shown. The device shows a solar to hydrogen efficiency of up to 4.67% (5.33% active area, H2 production rate of 1.26 μmol H2/s) without bias assistance and wire connection and works for 30 min. The gas separation is enabled by incorporating a membrane in a 3D printed device frame. In addition, a wired small area device is also fabricated in order to show the potential of the concept. The device is operated for 127 h and initially 7.7% solar to hydrogen efficiency with a PV active area of 0.5 cm2 is achieved.
Recent Trends in Electrochemical Sensors for Vital Biomedical Markers Using Hybrid Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Reddy K. Koteshwara , Bandal Harshad , Satyanarayana Moru , Goud Kotagiri Yugender , Gobi Kauveri Vengatajalabathy , Jayaramudu Tippabattini , Amalraj John , Kim Hern 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work provides a succinct insight into the recent developments in electrochemical quantification of vital biomedical markers using hybrid metallic composite nanostructures. After a brief introduction to the biomarkers, five types of crucial biomarkers, which require timely and periodical monitoring, are shortlisted, namely, cancer, cardiac, inflammatory, diabetic and renal biomarkers. This review emphasizes the usage and advantages of hybrid nanostructured materials as the recognition matrices toward the detection of vital biomarkers. Different transduction methods (fluorescence, electrophoresis, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, surface plasmon resonance, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy) reported for the biomarkers are discussed comprehensively to present an overview of the current research works. Recent advancements in the electrochemical (amperometric, voltammetric, and impedimetric) sensor systems constructed with metal nanoparticle‐derived hybrid composite nanostructures toward the selective detection of chosen vital biomarkers are specifically analyzed. It describes the challenges involved and the strategies reported for the development of selective, sensitive, and disposable electrochemical biosensors with the details of fabrication, functionalization, and applications of hybrid metallic composite nanostructures.
Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction of Pentafluorophenyl Aminated Perylene Diimide system with N,N‐Dimethylformamide
Authors: Wu Siyu , Yin Gengwen , Cheng Caihong , Liang Bo , Zhang Haiquan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNucleophilic substitution process with loss of one fluorine atom was observed when pentafluorophenyl substituted benzo[ghi]perylene triimide and perylene diimide were heated in N,N‐dimethylformamide, in which N,N‐dimethylformamide acted both as solvent and nucleophile reagent. Unexpectedly, the obtained product exhibited significant intramolecular charge transfer optical properties in solutions. The mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and the influence of substituent were further studied and proposed in this manuscript.
[BO2]− as a Synthon for the Generation of Boron‐Centered Carbamate and Carboxylate Isosteres
Authors: Pécharman Anne‐Frédérique , Hill Michael S. , McMullin Claire L. , Mahon Mary F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOxoborane carbamate and carboxylate analogues result from the in situ trapping of [BO2]− produced by elimination of 2,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butene from a pinacolatoboryl anion.
Engineering Orthogonal Methyltransferases to Create Alternative Bioalkylation Pathways
Authors: Herbert Abigail J. , Shepherd Sarah A. , Cronin Victoria A. , Bennett Matthew R. , Sung Rehana , Micklefield Jason 
Published: May 2020

AbstractS‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM)‐dependent methyltransferases (MTs) catalyse the methylation of a vast array of small metabolites and biomacromolecules. Recently, rare carboxymethylation pathways have been discovered, including carboxymethyltransferase enzymes that utilise a carboxy‐SAM (cxSAM) cofactor generated from SAM by a cxSAM synthase (CmoA). We show how MT enzymes can utilise cxSAM to catalyse carboxymethylation of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) and catechol substrates. Site‐directed mutagenesis was used to create orthogonal MTs possessing improved catalytic activity and selectivity for cxSAM, with subsequent coupling to CmoA resulting in more efficient and selective carboxymethylation. An enzymatic approach was also developed to generate a previously undescribed co‐factor, carboxy‐S‐adenosyl‐l‐ethionine (cxSAE), thereby enabling the stereoselective transfer of a chiral 1‐carboxyethyl group to the substrate.
A Three‐Dimensional Porous Organic Semiconductor Based on Fully sp2‐Hybridized Graphitic Polymer
Authors: Byun Yearin , Xie Lilia S. , Fritz Patrick , Ashirov Timur , Dincă Mircea , Coskun Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDimensionality plays an important role in the charge transport properties of organic semiconductors. Although three‐dimensional semiconductors, such as Si, are common in inorganic materials, imparting electrical conductivity to covalent three‐dimensional organic polymers is challenging. Now, the synthesis of a three‐dimensional π‐conjugated porous organic polymer (3D p‐POP) using catalyst‐free Diels–Alder cycloaddition polymerization followed by acid‐promoted aromatization is presented. With a surface area of 801 m2 g−1, full conjugation throughout the carbon backbone, and an electrical conductivity of 6(2)×10−4 S cm−1 upon treatment with I2 vapor, the 3D p‐POP is the first member of a new class of permanently porous 3D organic semiconductors.
Force field in coagulation bath at low temperature induced microfibril evolution within PAN nascent fiber and precursor fiber
Authors: Gao Quan , Jing Min , Chen Meiling , Zhao Shengyao , Wang Yuxia , Qin Jianjie , Yu Meijie , Wang Chengguo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe coagulation process was vital for the microfibril evolution and mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. The PAN nascent fibers and precursor fibers were prepared by controlling drawing ratio of coagulation bath at low temperature during the dry‐jet wet spinning process. The microfibril morphological changes induced by force fields in coagulation bath were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. During the coagulation process, the spinning solution evolved into an interconnected network composed of random microfibrils and tie joints as a building block of the network. At low drawing ratio, the random interconnected network existed in nascent fibers. Increasing drawing ratio, the fiber filaments underwent shrinkage and the network was transformed into the transverse lamellae. Furthermore, the lamellar thickness also decreased. After the treatment of post‐spinning, similar transverse lamellae were formed in all of precursor fibers, and random microfibrillar network was stretched and oriented to develop into the aligned microfibrils in precursor fibers. The transverse fold‐chain crystal layers were densely stacked in the microfibrils. Increasing drawing ratio, the lamellae and microfibrils in precursor fibers were packed more densely and orderly. Consequently, the order and homogeneity of microfibrils in nascent fibers and precursor fibers were improved by increasing drawing ratio, which were benefit to increase fiber tensile strength and modulus.
2‐Aminoaryl‐3,5‐diaryl pyrazines: Synthesis, biological evaluation against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and docking studies
Authors: Gangarapu Nagaraja Reddy , Ranganatham Archakam , Reddy Eeda Koti , Yellappa Shivaraj , Chandrasekhar Kothapalli Bannoth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRationally designed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) inhibitors were synthesized under Buchwald conditions using Pd2(dba)3/xantphos and the compounds were investigated for their biological activity against the Mtb standard strain H37Rv and two other clinically isolated multidrug‐resistant strains with different drug resistance patterns. Compounds 5e, 6e, 7e, and 8e exhibited excellent antituberculosis activity against H37Rv with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 15 μg/ml. Compounds 5a, 6c, 7b, 8a, 8b, and 8d also displayed their potency with a MIC value in the range of 15–25 μg/ml. In addition to the Mtb studies, compounds 4e, 5e, 7e, and 8e were tested for cytotoxicity on HEK‐293 cells and compounds 7e and 8e were identified to have low toxicities of up to 200 and 300 μM, respectively. The synthesized compounds docked with the 2FUM protein of Mtb and the docking studies revealed that compounds 5e, 6e, 7e, and 8e can bind strongly in the active site of the enzyme and showed binding energies of −9.62, −10.7, −11.48, and −12.06 kcal/mol, respectively. Compound 7e forms four hydrogen bonds, whereas compound 8e forms five hydrogen bonds with amino acids, respectively. Based on these results, compounds 7e and 8e might be considered potential lead compounds with good anti‐Mtb potency.
Ozone (O3) ambient levels as a secondary airborne precursor in Fahaheel urban area, the State of Kuwait
Authors: Al‐Qassimi Masumah , Al‐Salem Sultan Majed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo years of continuous monitoring data over two time‐spans (2004–2005 and 2014–2015) were used to investigate the relationship between ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOX ≈ NO + NO2) in Fahaheel urban area (Kuwait). Their relationship was used to understand their chemical reactions and the NO2 and O3 concentration ratio to gain an insight into the sources of total atmospheric oxides (OX = O3 + NO2) levels. A Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model was developed to detect likely point sources around the monitoring station and quantify their contribution to the overall air pollution load. Hourly diurnal variations in O3 ground level concentrations during weekends showed a slight increase in O3 levels. In addition, it was observed that overall hourly average O3 concentration reached higher levels during weekdays and weekends in 2004–2005 compared to 2014–2015. The concentration of photochemical oxidants (e.g., O3 and NO2) can be decreased by controlling the emissions of their precursors; NOX and VOCs. The net effect of NOX emissions on O3 concentrations was negative with a weak exponential decline correlation between NOX and O3, indicating Fahaheel urban area's VOC‐sensitive characteristics. For all years considered, the slopes of the linear OX–NOX relationships were higher during daytime compared to night‐time, showing that NO2 oxidations were dominant during daytime and that O3 net production was high. The study also showed the high NOX oxidation level and the possible presence of O3 net production. The slopes during night‐time indicated that NO2 consumption exceeded its formation rate. During day and night‐time, the NO2/NOX ratio was found to decline significantly as newly emitted NOX increased, supporting the area's VOC‐sensitive nature. By setting up a CMB model around the Fahaheel receptor point, it was revealed that downstream petroleum facilities have been the major contributor to pollutants environmental load over the years.