bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural people's intention to adopt sustainable water management by rainwater harvesting practices: application of TPB and HBM models
Authors: Aliabadi Vahid , Gholamrezai Saeed , Ataei Pouria 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Water is the prerequisite for human adaptation to climate change and is the key link among climatic conditions, humans, and the environment. Human behavior can mitigate the impacts of climate change. The present study aimed to evaluate rural people's readiness for sustainable management of water resources. To achieve this goal, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Belief Model (HBM) were used as the research framework. The research instrument was a closed-end questionnaire developed on the basis of TPB and HBM. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts in sustainable agriculture. Its reliability was also checked in a pilot study by calculating Cronbach's alpha, the average variance extracted (AVE), R2, and composite reliability (CR). The research sample was composed of 480 villagers from Hamadan province, Iran, who were familiar with sustainable water resources management in the context of the rooftop rainwater harvesting project. The results showed that in TPB, the variables of moral norms, attitude, and self-identity could account for 61 percent of the variance in rural people's intention to adopt the practices of sustainable water resources management. Based on HBM, the variables of perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity could capture 49 percent of this variance. The results revealed that both theories had the potential to predict rural people's intention to engage in the sustainable management of water resources, but TPB proved to provide a more robust prediction than HBM.
Near-Infrared Cerebrovascular Reactivity for Monitoring Cerebral Autoregulation and Predicting Outcomes in Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Proposal for a Pilot Observational Study
Authors: Gomez Alwyn , Dian Joshua , Froese Logan , Zeiler Frederick Adam 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundImpaired cerebrovascular reactivity after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in adults is emerging as an important prognostic factor, with strong independent association with 6-month outcomes. To date, it is unknown if impaired cerebrovascular reactivity during the acute phase is associated with ongoing impaired continuously measured cerebrovascular reactivity in the long-term, and if such measures are associated with clinical phenotype at those points in time.ObjectiveWe describe a prospective pilot study to assess the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to derive continuous measures of cerebrovascular reactivity during the acute and long-term phases of TBI in adults.MethodsOver 2 years, we will recruit up to 80 adults with moderate/severe TBI admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. These patients will undergo high-frequency data capture of ICP, arterial blood pressure (ABP), and NIRS for the first 5 days of care. Patients will then have 30 minutes of noninvasive NIRS and ABP monitoring in the clinic at 3, 6, and 12 months post-injury. Outcomes will be assessed via the Glasgow Outcome Scale and Short Form-12 questionnaires. Various relationships between NIRS and ICP-derived cerebrovascular reactivity metrics and associated outcomes will be assessed using biomedical signal processing techniques and both multivariate and time-series statistical methodologies.ResultsStudy recruitment began at the end of February 2020, with data collection ongoing and three patients enrolled at the time of writing. The expected duration of data collection will be from February 2020 to January 2022, as per our local research ethics board approval (B2018:103). Support for this work has been obtained through the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (R03NS114335), funded in January 2020.ConclusionsWith the application of NIRS technology for monitoring of patients with TBI, we expect to be able to outline core relationships between noninvasively measured aspects of cerebral physiology and invasive measures, as well as patient outcomes. Documenting these relationships carries the potential to revolutionize the way we monitor patients with TBI, moving to more noninvasive techniques.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/18740
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MULTIPURPOSE HERBAL CREAM
Authors: NAVINDGIKAR NIKHIL NITIN , KAMALAPURKAR K. A. , CHAVAN PRASHANT S. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To formulate and evaluate herbal cream using Aloe Vera gel, dimethyl sulphoxide extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Tulsi (Ocimumtenuiflorum) to give multipurpose effect.
Methods: The cream was prepared by using the cream base that is bee’s wax, liquid paraffin, borax, methylparaben, distilled water, rose oil, Aloe Vera gel, dimethyl sulphoxide extracts of Neem and Tulsi. The cream was prepared by using the slab technique/extemporaneous method for geometric and homogenous mixing of all the excipients and the herbal extracts. By using slab technique, we have developed three batches of our herbal cream, namely F1H, F2H, and F3H. All three batches were evaluated for different parameters like appearance, PH, viscosity, phase separation.
Results: All the three formulations F1H, F2H, F3H showed good appearance, PH, adequate viscosity and no phase separation was observed. Also, the formulations F1H, F2H, F3H showed no redness, erythema and irritation during irritancy study and they were easily washable. All the three formulations F1H, F2H, F3H were stable at room temperature.
Conclusion: All three herbal ingredients showed significant different activities. Based on the results, we can suggest that all the three formulations F1H, F2H, F3H were stable and can be safely used on the skin.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION CONTAINING NEEM SEED OIL
Authors: THORAT YOGESH S. , KOTE NAGESH S. , PATIL VIRENDRA V. , HOSMANI AVINASH H. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate Microemulsion containing seed oil. Neem seed (Azadirachtaindica) oil was extracted from its seeds by the soxhlet apparatus. Acetone is used as a solvent. PEG 400 and Carbopol 940p was select as surfactant, co-surfactant and hydrogel thickening agent. Microemulsions were characterized for pH, viscosity, spreadability, in vitro drug transport study and in vivo antibacterial activity and shows satisfactory results. Antibacterial activity of formulation against E. coli Shows at a concentration of 3%. The neem seed oil microemulsion has the potential for antibacterial activity.
Methods: A ratio of surfactant and cosurfactant i.e, S/CoSchoosen and corresponding mixture was made. The mixture was mixed with oil. Each mixture was mixed thoroughly using magnetic stirrer until homogenous dispersion/solution was obtained. Double distilled water was used in this formulations as to prevent the incorporation of surface active impurities. The mixture was titrated with water and ambient temperature with constant stirring at the endpoint where the mixture become clouded, the quantity of aquous phase added. The percentage of three different pseudo-phases incorporated were calculated.
Results: Solubility studies in various solvents reveals that the oil is insoluble in distilled water and ethanol. Soluble in methanol.
Conclusion: It was observed that the microemulsion having multilamellar nature. Batches with carbopol shows better homogenous distribution. The stability of microemulsion prepared with carbopol 71 was gretter than with xanthan gum. The in vitro study of microemulsion was performed and Batch (F7) is optimized batch which shows highest drug release.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF KOHL/KAJAL PREPARED BY DIFFERENT INDIAN METHODS AGAINST SELECTED MICROBIAL STRAINS
Authors: RANDIVE DHEERAJ S. , BHINGE SOMNATH D. , JADHAV NAMDEO R. , BHUTKAR MANGESH A. , SHIRSAT MRUNAL K. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To prepare and evaluate different types of Kajal formulations and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity along with preliminary verification of the content responsible for the said effect.
Methods: We have prepared kajal formulations by use of different metal plates, marble tile, ghee and Aloe vera mucilage and tried to verify the antimicrobial effect attributed to the formulation by these substances.
Results: Carbon soot obtained from the use of copper plate showed more antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli, with zones of inhibition 18±0.235 mm, 17±0.124 mm and 19±0.528 mm respectively. Also this formulation at different concentrations when compared with Ciprofloxacin exhibited promising results. Moreover, this formulation when used with Ciprofloxacin at a concentration of (50:50) revealed a synergistic effect against the clinically resistant strains of P. aeruginosa, with zone of inhibition 22±0.578 mm and 20±0.987 mm at a concentration of 10 and 5 µg ml-1 respectively, whereas, Ciprofloxacin exhibited zone of inhibition of 26±0.457 mm and 24±0.751 mm at the similar concentrations. To assess the effectiveness of Aloe vera we used marbles tiles for collection of carbon soot. The zones of inhibition observed for Kohl formulations prepared by using carbon soot collected from marble tiles impregnated with Aloe vera mucilage exhibited less antimicrobial activity than that of copper soot against the selected microbial strains.
Conclusion: All the prepared kajal formulations exhibited antimicrobial activity. Aloe vera and copper soot is responsible for significant antimicrobial activity and when combined with Ciprofloxacin it showed synergistic activity against the clinically resistant strains of P. aeruginosa.
COMPARISON IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY EXPRESSION OF DESIDUAL NATURAL KILLER (dNK) IN SEVERE PREECLAMPSIAAND NORMAL PREGNANCY
Authors: LUBIS MUARA P. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Preeclampsia characterized systematically by extensive vascular endothelial dysfunction and microangiopathy on mother, dNK is very important for the success of placentation. They are the key mediator of maternal immune system interactions with fetal cells. dNK cells are also involved in the modulation of EVT and the remodeling of spiral arteries.
Methods: Analytic research with cross-sectional study, with samples of pregnant women who suffer from severe PE and aterm pregnancy which came to H. Adam Malik Hospital and Networking Hospital, November 2015-April 2016. The samples are 46 women, who met the inclusion criteria.
Results: Immunohistochemistry examination dNK cell in the severe PE case group and control group, statistically found p<0,05. dNK placenta expression in the severe preeclampsia case group gives an overview of expression with a mean of 2.55±2.31, while the control group of normal pregnancy had higher mean is 8.66±3.16.
Conclusion: The examination of immunohistochemistry of dNK cells showed there is a significant difference in the expression of Immuno-histochemistry dNK cells between severe PE case group and non severe PE.
UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF IPRATROPIUM BROMIDE IN API AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: KOKANE ANJALI P. , TEGELI VARSHA S. , SHINDE BHAGYASHRI S. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The current work intended towards the developed and validated by using Simple, rapid, sensitive, precise and specific method UV Spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Ipratropium bromide in API and pharmaceutical formulation.
Methods: Water used as a solvent and the absorbance of the drug was measured at the absorbance’s maxima of Ipratropium bromide λmax is 214 nm.
Result: Calibration curve plotted in concentration range 20-120µg/ml exhibit the linearity relationship with line equation y=0.0062x+0.3161 and r2=0.995. The Accuracy was found to be 99.5-100.1%, the precision %RSD= 0.12888-0.30533, and the LOD and LOQ is 8.78266-28.5881. The method was found to comply with all the validation parameters as per ICH guidelines indicating the sensitivity of the method towards analyte.
Conclusion: The method can be used satisfactory for the routine analysis of Ipratropium Bromide present in API and Pharmaceutical dosage form.
FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING FILM OF RAMOSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: PATEL ZANKAHANA , BHURA RAHIL , SHAH SAMIR 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Ramosetron Hydrochloride is found to be more potent and having a longer duration of action with the least side effects, but the major drawback is it undergoes hepatic first-pass metabolism so our aim is to prepare mouth dissolving film (MDF) of Ramosetron hydrochloride for rapid relief in emesis.
Methods: The mouth dissolving films of Ramosetron Hydrochloride were prepared by using the solvent casting method. Films were formulated using HPMC E5 (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose) as a film-forming agent, PEG400 (Polyethylene glycol) as a plasticizer and Aspartame as the sweetening agent. A 32 full factorial design was applied considering the concentration of HPMC E5 (X1) and concentration of PEG400 (X2) as independent variables and % cumulative drug release (Y1) (CDR), disintegration time (Y2) (DT) and tensile strength (Y3) (TS) as dependent variables. The prepared films were evaluated for thickness, folding endurance, tensile strength, disintegration time, drug content uniformity and taste masking by E-tongue. The results indicated that factors X1 and X2 were found to be having a positive effect on DT and TS and negative effects on CDR.
Results: The optimized formulation was found to be the best with 94.00±0.85% in vitro drug release, 33.22±0.75 sec DT and 1.359±0.005 g/mm2 tensile strength. Concentration of aspartame was optimized with E-tongue taking into consideration increased electric potential with decreasing bitterness.
Conclusion: Thus, a rapidly dissolving oral film of Ramosetron Hydrochloride with successful taste masking and immediate in vitro drug release was prepared using a solvent casting technique.
COMBINATION OF WHOLE BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY WITH DIFFERENT FRACTION AND CONCOMITANT CAPECITABINE IN BRAIN METASTASIS BREAST CANCER
Authors: RUDIYO YEOH , ISKANDAR JAPARDI , AZNAN LELO , SUSWORO SUSWORO , JACUB PANDELAKI , ADANG BACHTIAR , MUHAMMAD ICHWAN , SUZY INDHARTY , JULI JAMNASI , WILLIAM OMAR 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. The main therapeutic modality for breast cancer with brain metastasis is radiation. Whole Brain Radiotherapy (WBRT) is a regional treatment that provides moderate doses of radiotherapy to all brain tissue. Capecitabine was found to be effective for the treatment of breast cancer with metastasis. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of WBRT on the response of breast cancer brain metastatic lesions combined with capecitabine administration.
Methods: This study uses a prospective, randomized-blind cohort analytic study approach. Subjects were randomized into two groups by giving different fraction of WBRT and capecitabine. Subjects were evaluated 4 w post-radiation. Data on differences in patient responses in the two treatment groups were analyzed.
Results: A total of 23 breast cancer patients with brain metastasis participated in this study. Group I (WBRT 10x3Gy + capecitabine 1000 mg/m2/b.i.d) obtained results of 5 (45.5%) out of 11 are responding to therapy. Whereas in group II (WBRT 20x2Gy + capecitabine1000 mg/m2/b.i.d) found 11 (91.7%) out of 12 patients responded to therapy. The results of statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups with a value of P = 0.027.
Conclusion: Giving capecitabine and WBRT with 20x2Gy gives a better response both clinically and statistically
EFFECT OF ANGIOSPERMIC EPIPHYTES ON THE RELATIVE STATUS OF ERGOSTEROL AND ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE IN FUNGAL PATHOGENS
Authors: BARKAH HAMZAH JUMAH ESSA , LOKESH S. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: In the present study, emphasis has been made to assay the antifungal activity of some angiospermic epiphytes like Cuscuta reflexa, Viscum orientale, Cymbidium bicolor, Bulbophyllum propinquum, Hoya ovalifolia and Dendrophthoe falcata.
Methods: The antifungal activity due to epiphytes extracts was expressed in term of reduction in dry biomass of fungi based on the relationship of ergosterol content and electrolyte leakage in fungal pathogens viz., Colletotrichum dematium, Drechslera oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani treated with epiphytes extract.
Results: Treated fungi showed increased in ergostesrol content and increased electrolyte leakage confirmed the pathetic situation of fungi; hence there was fungistatic effect, which was dose-dependent.
Conclusion: The angiospermic epiphytes of selected species chosen for the study could be serves an alternative eco-friendly source to synthetic fungicides.
SENSITIVITY AND SPESIFICITY VALUE OF PLATELETS, MALIGNANCY RATIO INDEX AND BOTH COMBINED IN DIAGNOSING OVARIAN CANCER AT GENERAL HOSPITAL HAJI ADAM MALIK MEDAN FROM 2016-2018
Authors: V. YOVITA , MRZ TALA , S. DINA , S. N. LUMBANRAJA , D. L. LUBIS , C. A. ADELLA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: This research aimed to analyze sensitivity and specificity values of platelets, RMI and both combined as ovarian cancer diagnostic modality in Haji Adam Malik Hospital in 2016-2018.
Methods: This is analytic research with a diagnostic test design on 204 patients who had been diagnosed with ovarian cancer and patients with ovary benign tumors which have been examined the value of full blood and the malignancy ratio index and ovarian mass that has been proven by the results of anatomic pathology at General Hospital Haji Adam Malik Medan in 2016-2018. The data is tabulated into 2x2 table and then calculated for each sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value.
Result: By using platelet cut-off value>450000 per mm3 in diagnosing ovarian cancer with sensitivity 55.44% and specificity 83.65% were obtained. IRK has a sensitivity 83.16% and specificity 76.92%. Platelet and IRK values ​​provided the highest diagnostic value (specificity) compared to when they were each single which was 97.11% while the combination of platelet and IRK values ​​had a sensitivity of 49.50%.
Conclusion: Platelet and IRK values ​​gives the highest diagnostic value (specificity) compared to when both are used, namely 97.11%.
POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF SODIUM SALICYLATE NANOEMULSION AND GINGER ON CISPLATIN‑INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS (BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY)
Authors: S. E. EL-SHEIKH , Z. EL-KHAYAT , A. A. HASSAN , N. MOHAMED , M. EL-NAGGAR , E. OMARA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To describe the preparation and characterization of nanoemulsion of sodium salicylate loaded butane tetracarboxylic acid (Bt-Sc-NPs). It also investigates the possible protective effects of Bt-Sc-NPs and\or medicinal plant ginger to evaluate the changes of liver functions, oxidative stress and histopathological investigations against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity.
Methods: Serum was used to determine alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), δ-glutamyl transferase (δGT), serum human laminin (LN) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase1 (TIMP1). Liver tissue samples collected from the rats were used for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1).
Results: The beneficial effects of Bt-Sc-NPs with its anti-inflammatory effect and the medicinal ginger with its antioxidant effect were observed. Injection of rats with cisplatin significantly increased serum ALT, AST, ɤGT, TIMP1 and LN. It also increased cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by a significant elevation in liver MDA, NO content; however, a significant decrease of PON1 content. While protection with Bt-Sc-NPs or ginger significantly improved these parameters. In addition, combination of both Bt-Sc-NPs and ginger significantly induced a decrease in serum ALT, AST, ɤGT, TIMP1 and LN. It also reduced cisplatin-induced oxidative stress by the significant reduction in liver MDA, NO content and elevation of PON1 content much more than protection with Bt-Sc-NPs or ginger alone.
Conclusion: Bt-Sc-NPs were synthesized using nanoemulsion with the help of homogenization and ultra-sonication waves. Combination with both of Bt-Sc-NPs and ginger showed a hepatoprotective role in ameliorating cisplatin‑induced hepatotoxicity due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF IMPERATA CYLINDRICA ROOT METHANOL EXTRACT IN RATS
Authors: RUSLIN  , ASPADIAH VICA , DHIANAWATY DIAH 
Published: May 2020

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory activity of Imperatacylindrica root methanol extract on glucose absorption level in intestine of male Wistar strain rats at a dose of 90 mg/kg-bw, which is a dose having antihypertensive activity.
Methods: Extract inhibitory activity on the glucose absorption level in the intestine of the rats followed Soedigdo-Marsongkohadi method. Glucose absorption level was measured from a mixture of 30 mmol glucose in 0.9 % sodium chloride solution as the control solution and a mixture of the extract at the dose of 90 mg/kg-bw in another control solution as the tested solution
Results: The result showed that the extract at the dose of 90 mg/kg-bw had significant activity (p<0.05) to decrease the glucose absorption level in the intestine of the rats.
Conclusion: I. cylindrica root methanol extract at the dose of 90 mg/kg-bw had a significant activity to inhibit the glucose absorption level in the intestine of the rats. Thereby, the extract at the dose of 90 mg/kg-bw had antihyperglycemic activity.
PULSATILE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A FORMULATION APPROACH FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASES
Authors: SOWMYA PASHAM , DP VENKATESH , NAYEK SUJIT 
Published: May 2020

location at a particular time. Some of the conditions under which pulsatile drug delivery system is positive include duodenal ulcer, cardiovascular disease, arthritis, asthma, diabetes, neurological disorder, cancer, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Pulsatile drug delivery systems are essentially time-controlled drug delivery systems in which the lag time is regulated independently of environmental factors such as pH, enzymes, gastrointestinal motility, etc. The theory justification for the use of pulsatile release is for drugs where a continuous release of drugs is not needed, i.e. a zero-order release. Drug administration in chronopharmacotherapy is coordinated with biological rhythms to achieve full therapeutic effect and minimize harm to the patient. This drug delivery system is designed to distribute drugs in accordance with body clock. The pulse must be designed in such a way as to achieve a total and rapid release after the lag time.
Pulsatile drug delivery is therefore one device that provides strong promises of benefit to patients suffering from chronic conditions such as arthritis, asthma, hypertension by delivering medication at the right time, right place and in appropriate quantities. In recent pharmaceutical applications involving pulsatile delivery; multi-particulate dosage forms (e. g. pellets) over single-unit dosage forms are gaining more popularity. On the basis of methodologies, various pulsatile technologies have been developed, including ACCU-BREAKTM, AQUALON, CODAS ®, PRODAS ®, SODAS ®, MINITABS ®, DIFFUCAPS ®, OROS ® etc.