bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study protocol: analysis of regional lung health policies and stakeholders in Africa
Authors:   On behalf of The IMPALA Consortium, Jensen Claire , Heneine Emma , Mungai Brenda , Murunga Violet , Hara Hleziwe , Oronje Rose , Obasi Angela , Squire Bertie , Zulu Eliya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Lung health is a critical area for research in sub-Saharan Africa. The International Multidisciplinary Programme to Address Lung Health and TB in Africa (IMPALA) is a collaborative programme that seeks to fill evidence gaps to address high-burden lung health issues in Africa. In order to generate demand for and facilitate use of IMPALA research by policy-makers and other decision-makers at the regional level, an analysis of regional lung health policies and stakeholders will be undertaken to inform a programmatic strategy for policy engagement.

Methods and analysis
This analysis will be conducted in three phases. The first phase will be a rapid desk review of regional lung health policies and stakeholders that seeks to understand the regional lung health policy landscape, which issues are prioritised in existing regional policy, key regional actors, and opportunities for engagement with key stakeholders. The second phase will be a rapid desk review of the scientific literature, expanding on the work in the first phase by looking at the external factors that influence regional lung health policy, the ways in which regional bodies influence policy at the national level, investments in lung health, structures for discussion and advocacy, and the role of evidence at the regional level. The third phase will involve a survey of IMPALA partners and researchers as well as interviews with key regional stakeholders to further shed light on regional policies, including policy priorities and gaps, policy implementation status and challenges, stakeholders, and platforms for engagement and promoting uptake of evidence.

Discussion
Health policy analysis provides insights into power dynamics and the political nature of the prioritisation of health issues, which are often overlooked. In order to ensure the uptake of new knowledge and evidence generated by IMPALA, it is important to consider these complex factors.
Prophylactic, single-drug cardioprotection in a comparative, experimental study of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lódi Mária , Bánhegyi Viktor , Bódi Beáta , Gyöngyösi Alexandra , Kovács Árpád , Árokszállási Anita , Hamdani Nazha , Fagyas Miklós , Édes István , Csanádi Zoltán , Czuriga István , Kisvárday Zoltán , Lekli István , Bai Péter , Tóth Attila , Papp Zoltán , Czuriga Dániel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiomyopathy is a common side effect of doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy. Despite intensive research efforts in the field, there is still no evidence available for routine cardioprotective prophylaxis to prevent cardiotoxicity in the majority of oncological patients at low risk of cardiovascular disease. We have recently demonstrated the advantages of a prophylactic, combined heart failure therapy in an experimental model of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. In the current work, we focus on individually applied prophylactic medications studied in the same translational environment to clarify their distinct roles in the prevention of DOX cardiotoxicity.

Methods
Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 5 subgroups. Prophylactic β-blocker (BB, bisoprolol), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI, perindopril) or aldosterone antagonist (AA, eplerenone) treatments were applied 1 week before DOX administration, then 6 cycles of intravenous DOX chemotherapy were administered. Rats receiving only intravenous DOX or saline served as positive and negative controls. Blood pressure, heart rate, body weight, and echocardiographic parameters were monitored in vivo. Two months after the last DOX administration, the animals were sacrificed, and their heart and serum samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen for histological, mechanical, and biochemical measurements.

Results
All prophylactic treatments increased the survival of DOX-receiving animals. The lowest mortality rates were seen in the BB and ACEI groups. The left ventricular ejection fraction was only preserved in the BB group. The DOX-induced increase in the isovolumetric relaxation time could not be prevented by any prophylactic treatment. A decreased number of apoptotic nuclei and a preserved myocardial ultrastructure were found in all groups receiving prophylactic cardioprotection, while the DOX-induced fibrotic remodelling and the increase in caspase-3 levels could only be substantially prevented by the BB and ACEI treatments.

Conclusion
Primary prophylaxis with cardioprotective agents like BB or ACEI has a key role in the prevention of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in healthy rats. Future human studies are necessary to implement this finding in the clinical management of oncological patients free of cardiovascular risk factors.
Prevalence of sexual violence in Ethiopian workplaces: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Worke Mulugeta Dile , Koricha Zewdie Birhanu , Debelew Gurmesa Tura 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWorkplace sexual violence is a significant public health problem in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. However, except for individual studies with varying prevalence rates in different occupations, there are no national prevalence studies conducted in workplace settings in Ethiopia. Appropriate estimation of the problem is essential to formulate health service plans most fitted for workplaces. Hence, this review and meta-analysis intended to estimate the national pooled prevalence of workplace sexual violence in Ethiopia.MethodsThe databases used were; PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and African Journals Online. For a critical appraisal of the papers, we used the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument for cross-sectional studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using comprehensive meta-analysis and MetaXL software. Descriptive information of studies was presented in narrative form, and quantitative results were presented in forest plots. The Cochran Q test and I2test statistics were employed to test heterogeneity across studies. A random-effect model computed the pooled estimate prevalence with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of workplace sexual violence was 22% (95% CI 17%, 28%). The pooled prevalence was 14.1% (95% CI 10.4%, 18.9%) for attempted rape, 8% (95% CI 5.7%, 11.1%) for rape, and 33.2% (95% CI 24.1%, 43.7%) for sexual harassment. The pooled prevalence was the highest among female university staffs 49% (95% CI 45%, 56%), and among commercial sex workers 28% (95% CI 3%, 59%).ConclusionsThis analysis revealed that the prevalence of sexual violence and sexual harassment in Ethiopian workplaces is high. It was also exceptionally high among female faculty staff, commercial sex workers, and workplaces in Tigray National regional state. Thus, concerned stakeholders must design and implement effective interventions to prevent workplace sexual violence in workplaces in Ethiopia and provide necessary support and care to the victims.
Will virtual rehabilitation replace clinicians: a contemporary debate about technological versus human obsolescence
Authors: Krasovsky Tal , Lubetzky Anat V. , Archambault Philippe S. , Wright W. Geoffrey 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article is inspired by a pseudo Oxford-style debate, which was held in Tel Aviv University, Israel at the International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR) 2019, which is the official conference of the International Society for Virtual Rehabilitation. The debate, between two 2-person teams with a moderator, was organized by the ICVR Program committee to address the question “Will virtual rehabilitation replace clinicians?” It brought together five academics with technical, research, and/or clinical backgrounds—Gerry Fluet, Tal Krasovsky, Anat Lubetzky, Philippe Archambault, W. Geoffrey Wright—to debate the pros and cons of using virtual reality (VR) and related technologies to help assess, diagnose, treat, and track recovery, and more specifically investigate the likelihood that advanced technology will ultimately replace human clinicians. Both teams were assigned a side to defend, whether it represented their own viewpoint or not, and to take whatever positions necessary to make a persuasive argument and win the debate. In this paper we present a recapitulation of the arguments presented by both sides, and further include an in-depth consideration of the question. We attempt to judiciously lay out a number of arguments that fall along a spectrum from moderate to extreme; the most extreme and/or indefensible positions are presented for rhetorical and demonstrative purposes. Although there may not be a clear answer today, this paper raises questions which are related to the basic nature of the rehabilitation profession, and to the current and potential role of technology within it.
Comparison of total joint arthroplasty outcomes between renal transplant patients and dialysis patients—a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Li Jiayi , Li Mingyang , Peng Bo-qiang , Luo Rong , Chen Quan , Huang Xin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesEnd-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are at an increased risk of needing total joint arthroplasty (TJA); however, both dialysis and renal transplantation might be potential predictors of adverse TJA outcomes. For dialysis patients, the high risk of blood-borne infection and impaired muscular skeletal function are threats to implants’ survival, while for renal transplant patients, immunosuppression therapy is also a concern. There is still no high-level evidence in the published literature that has determined the best timing of TJA for ESRD patients.MethodsA literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (up to November 2019) was performed to collect studies comparing TJA outcomes between renal transplant and dialysis patients. Two reviewers independently conducted literature screening and quality assessments with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). After the data were extracted, statistical analyses were performed.ResultsCompared with the dialysis group, a lower risk of mortality (RR = 0.56, Cl = [0.42, 0.73],P< 0.01,I2= 49%) and revision (RR = 0.42, CI = [0.30, 0.59],P< 0.01,I2= 43%) was detected in the renal transplant group. Different results of periprosthetic joint infection were shown in subgroups with different sample sizes. There was no significant difference in periprosthetic joint infection in the small-sample-size subgroup, while in the large-sample-size subgroup, renal transplant patients had significantly less risk (RR = 0.19, CI = [0.13, 0.23],P< 0.01,I2= 0%). For dislocation, venous thromboembolic disease, and overall complications, there was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionTotal joint arthroplasty has better safety and outcomes in renal transplant patients than in dialysis patients. Therefore, delaying total joint arthroplasty in dialysis patients until renal transplantation has been performed would be a desirable option. The controversy among different studies might be partially accounted for that quite a few studies have a relatively small sample size to detect the difference between renal transplant patients and dialysis patients.
Clinical features and genotypes of Laing distal myopathy in a group of Chinese patients, with in-frame deletions of MYH7 as common mutations
Authors: Yu Meng , Zhu Ying , Lu Yuanyuan , Lv He , Zhang Wei , Yuan Yun , Wang Zhaoxia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Laing distal myopathy is a rare autosomal dominant inherited distal myopathy caused by mutations of the MYH7 gene affecting mainly the rod region. We described the clinical features, muscle MRI and pathological changes as well as genetic mutations in a group of Chinese patients with Laing distal myopathy.

Results
Six patients with the confirmed diagnoses of Laing distal myopathy were recruited. Ankle dorsiflexion and finger extension weakness, as well as neck flexion weakness were common in our patients. Myopathic as well as neurogenic lesions were suggested by electromyography in different patients. Respiratory abnormality of sleep apnea was detected in two of our patients stressing the necessity of close respiratory monitoring in this disease. Muscle MRIs showed similar features of concentric fatty infiltration of anterior thigh muscles together with early involvement of tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus. However, muscle pathological presentations were varied depending on the biopsied muscles and the severity of the disease. In-frame deletions of the MYH7 gene made up 3/4 of mutations in our patients, suggesting that these are common mutations of Laing distal myopathy.

Conclusions
Our study further expanded the phenotypes and genotypes of Laing distal myopathy. In-frame deletions of the MYH7 gene are common causes of Laing distal myopathy.
Assessing the effect of an evidence-based patient online educational tool for people with multiple sclerosis called UMIMS—understanding magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schiffmann Insa , Freund Magalie , Vettorazzi Eik , Stellmann Jan-Patrick , Heyer-Borchelt Susanne , D’Hooghe Marie , Häußler Vivien , Rahn Anne Christin , Heesen Christoph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a major role in the lives of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), studies have shown that MRI-specific knowledge in pwMS is limited. Moreover, poor knowledge was associated with negative feelings towards MRI (e.g. anxiety concerning MRI scan). Because information sources about MRI in MS for pwMS are not available, we designed and evaluated an evidence-based online educational platform about MRI in MS called “Understanding MRI in MS” (UMIMS). Based on a pilot study in n= 79 subjects, an educational intervention was found to be feasible and effective. We hypothesize that MRI-specific knowledge can be increased by using UMIMS and that, subsequently, negative feelings towards MRI will be reduced and shared decision-making competences increased.

Methods
This randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial (RCT) will recruit n = 120 pwMS. The intervention group will receive access to UMIMS. The control group will get access to a specifically developed control website, which visually imitates UMIMS and contains the standard information available by several MS self-help organizations. The change in MRI-specific knowledge assessed via the MRI-risk knowledge questionnaire (MRI-RIKNO) after the intervention is the primary endpoint at 2 weeks. Several secondary endpoints will be assessed at different timepoints throughout the study, e.g. emotions towards MRI, autonomy preferences, threat by MS and shared decision-making competences. The study includes a process evaluation.

Discussion
The aim of this RCT is to prove that access to an education tool on MRI in MS will increase pwMS’ MRI-specific knowledge and enhance shared decision-making when discussing decisions involving MRI results during patient-physician encounters.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03872583. Registered on 13 March 2019.
Transmission potential of Mayaro virus by Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus from the USA
Authors: Dieme Constentin , Ciota Alexander T. , Kramer Laura D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Mayaro virus (MAYV; Alphavirus, Togaviridae) is an emerging pathogen endemic in South American countries. The increase in intercontinental travel and tourism-based forest excursions has resulted in an increase in MAYV spread, with imported cases observed in Europe and North America. Intriguingly, no local transmission of MAYV has been reported outside South America, despite the presence of potential vectors.

Methods
We assessed the vector competence of Aedes albopictus from New York and Anopheles quadrimaculatus for MAYV.

Results
The results show that Ae. albopictus from New York and An. quadrimaculatus are competent vectors for MAYV. However, Ae. albopictus was more susceptible to infection. Transmission rates increased with time for both species, with rates of 37.16 and 64.44% for Ae. albopictus, and of 25.15 and 48.44% for An. quadrimaculatus, respectively, at 7 and 14 days post-infection.

Conclusions
Our results suggest there is a risk of further MAYV spread throughout the Americas and autochthonous transmission in the USA. Preventive measures, such as mosquito surveillance of MAYV, will be essential for early detection.
The association of food quality index with mental health in women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Darooghegi Mofrad Manije , Siassi Fereydoun , Guilani Bijan , Bellissimo Nick , Suitor Katherine , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
Diet is a fundamental modifiable risk factor for the development of depression and anxiety. However, no evidence currently exists regarding the association of food quality score (FQS) and mental health in Iranian women. This study investigated the relationship between food quality score, depression, anxiety and stress in Iranian women.

Results
Results showed that 35%, 41% and 42% of participants had depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. The average age of participants was 31.40 ± 7.47 years. A significant association was indicated between FQS and symptoms of depression (OR: 0.36; 95% CI 0.21, 0.63), anxiety (OR: 0.31; 95% CI 0.18, 0.53), and stress (OR: 0.39; 95% CI 0.23, 0.66) in both crude and adjusted models.
Biomarkers of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults hospitalised for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in Tenerife Island, Spain
Authors: Figueira Gonçalves Juan Marco , Hernández Pérez José María , Acosta Sorensen Marco , Wangüemert Pérez Aurelio Luis , Martín Ruiz de la Rosa Elena , Trujillo Castilla José Luis , Díaz Pérez David , Ramallo-Fariña Yolanda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
The dramatic spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections calls for reliable, inexpensive tools to quickly identify patients with a poor prognosis. In this study, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was assessed within 72 h after admission of each of 153 consecutive, SARS-CoV-2 infected, adult patients to either of two hospitals in Tenerife, Spain, using suitable routine laboratory tests for lymphocyte counts, as well as ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and C-reactive protein levels. Results were correlated with the patients’ respiratory function, defined through their pulse oximetric saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2) ratio.

Results
Within 72 h from admission, criteria matched ARDS (SpO2/FiO2 < 235) in 13.1% of cases. We found a significant, negative correlation between SpO2/FiO2 ratios and d-dimer, ferritin, and LDH levels (− 0.31, − 0.32, and − 0.41; p = 0.004, 0.004, and < 0.0001, respectively). In patients with ARDS, the mean LDH was 373 U/L (CI95%: 300.6–445.3), but only 298 U/L (CI95%: 274.7–323.1) when they did not develop the syndrome (p = 0.015). None of the additionally evaluated biomarkers correlated with the SpO2/FiO2 ratios. Serum LDH levels in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 correlate with ARDS, as defined by their SpO2/FiO2 ratio, and might help to predict said complication.
Therapeutic potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells and renal progenitor cells in experimental chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ribeiro Patrícia de Carvalho , Lojudice Fernando Henrique , Fernandes-Charpiot Ida Maria Maximina , Baptista Maria Alice Sperto Ferreira , de Almeida Araújo Stanley , Mendes Gloria Elisa Florido , Sogayar Mari Cleide , Abbud-Filho Mario , Caldas Heloisa Cristina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. Cell therapy using pluripotent stem cells represents an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of CKD.MethodsWe transplanted mitomycin C (MMC)-treated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and renal progenitor cells (RPCs) into a CKD rat model system. The RPC and hiPSC cells were characterized by immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR. Untreated 5/6 nephrectomized rats were compared to CKD animals receiving the same amount of MMC-treated hiPSCs or RPCs. Renal function, histology, and immunohistochemistry were evaluated 45 days post-surgery.ResultsWe successfully generated hiPSCs from peripheral blood and differentiated them into RPCs expressing renal progenitor genes (PAX2, WT1, SIX2, and SALL1) and podocyte-related genes (SYNPO, NPHS1). RPCs also exhibited reduced OCT4 expression, confirming the loss of pluripotency. After cell transplantation into CKD rats, the body weight change was significantly increased in both hiPSC and RPC groups, in comparison with the control group. Creatinine clearance (CCr) was preserved only in the hiPSC group. Similarly, the number of macrophages in the kidneys of the hiPSC group reached a statistically significant reduction, when compared to control rats. Both treatments reduced positive staining for the marker α-smooth muscle actin. Histological features showed decreased tubulointerstitial damage (interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy) as well as a reduction in glomerulosclerosis in both iPSC and RPC groups.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we describe that both MMC-treated hiPSCs and RPCs exert beneficial effects in attenuating CKD progression. Both cell types were equally efficient to reduce histological damage and weight loss caused by CKD. hiPSCs seem to be more efficient than RPCs, possibly due to a paracrine effect triggered by hiPSCs. These results demonstrate that the use of MMC-treated hiPSCs and RPCs improves clinical and histological CKD parameters, avoided tumor formation, and therefore may be a promising cell therapy strategy for CKD.Graphical abstract
Application of the PET ligand [11C]ORM-13070 to examine receptor occupancy by the α2C-adrenoceptor antagonist ORM-12741: translational validation of target engagement in rat and human brain
Authors: Shahid Mohammed , Rinne Juha O. , Scheinin Mika , Virta Jere , Marjamäki Päivi , Solin Olof , Arponen Eveliina , Sallinen Jukka , Kuokkanen Katja , Rouru Juha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Availability of the α2C-adrenoceptor (α2C-AR) positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, [11C]ORM-13070, and the α2C-AR antagonist ORM-12741 allows probing of the roles of this G-protein coupled receptor subtype in brain function, both in healthy humans and in patients with various brain disorders. This translational study employed [11C]ORM-13070 autoradiography and PET to determine α2C-AR occupancy by ORM-12741 in rat and human brain, respectively.

Results
ORM-12741 has high affinity (Ki: 0.08 nM) and potent antagonist activity (Kb: 0.04 nM) as well as selectivity (Ki estimates for the human α2A-AR and α2B-AR were 8.3 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively) for the human α2C-AR subtype. [11C]ORM-13070 had highest uptake in the basal ganglia of rat and human brain. Pretreatment with ORM-12741 inhibited [11C]ORM-13070 binding in rat striatum in a time- and dose-dependent manner at 10 and 50 µg/kg (s.c.) with an EC50 estimate of 1.42 ng/mL in rat plasma, corresponding to protein-free drug concentration of 0.23 nM. In the living human brain, time- and dose-related α2C-AR occupancy was detected with EC50 estimates of 24 ng/mL and 31 ng/mL for the caudate nucleus and putamen, respectively, corresponding to protein-free concentrations in plasma of 0.07 nM and 0.1 nM. Modelling-based maximum α2C-AR occupancy estimates were 63% and 52% in the caudate nucleus and the putamen, respectively.

Conclusions
ORM-12741 is a selective α2C-AR antagonist which penetrates the rat and human brain to occupy α2C-ARs in a manner consistent with its receptor pharmacology.
Trialregistrationnumberanddateofregistration: ClinicalTrial.cov NCT00829907. Registered 11 December 2008. https://clinicaltrials.gov/.