bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pros and Cons of Adopting Technology as a Business Pilot: Global Perspective
Authors: Selase Afenya Millicent , Selase Aphu Elvis 
Published: April 2020

Technology has revolutionized human society. A complex scientific knowledge that takes various forms is technology. It is also referred to as a set of meticulous knowledge used to create tools process actions and extricate materials to make work easy. Technology includes equipment such as computers, mobile phones, multimedia, software, games and apps, these are simple tools individuals use in their daily lives to make life comfortable and luxurious. Technology comes in various forms of such as mechanical, electrical, industrial or manufacturing and medical technology. Any establishment set as a going concern for profit maximization is a business. Technology has various benefits which helps businesses achieve its ultimate goal, thus, maximize profit. Technological infrastructure’s impact on business efficiency and effectiveness is inevitable. There is a correlation between technology and business profit maximization be it positive or negative, because it has various impacts on businesses. The question is, does the type of technology adopted affect the business? The various types of technology indicate it has different purpose, to be efficient it needs to be used effectively. Today’s business world has been massively influenced by internet technology adoption. The utilization among business is inescapable since technology is rapidly regenerating global production, work and business methods, trade and consumption patterns of enterprises and consumers therefore, the paper is to evaluate if there is the need to adopt a particular technology that best fit a business industry.
Vrouwen en gender in de politiek: er valt nog een wereld te winnen
Authors: Hochstenbach Cody , Brons Claartje 
Published: April 2020

Women and gender in politics: there’s a world to be won
Despite notable progress, women remain heavily underrepresented in virtually all layers of the Dutch political system. Only one in three Dutch MPs is currently female. The Minister of the Interior has recently made a number of suggestions to increase gender diversity in politics, in light of 100 years of active voting rights for women. Gender in politics is about much more than the number of women though: it is about the role and position of women in politics as well as about the uneven gendered influence of politics. This introduction discusses the importance of focusing on women and gender in politics, and introduces the four contributions to this Dossier. We specifically call for an intersectional perspective and the various dimensions of gender in and of politics.
‘Old boys networks’ in het lokale politieke bestuur
Authors: Kranendonk Maria 
Published: April 2020

Old boys networks in local politics
The man-woman ratio in municipality councils in the Netherlands varies tremendously. Why does local politics attract women in some municipalities but not in other? The author attempts to answer this question by conducting interviews with municipality clerks and female council members of municipalities where the man-women ratio is even and municipalities where men are in the overwhelming majority. Additionally, the author conducts seven in depth interviews with former local and regional politicians about their motives to quit. Based on the interviews the author concludes that the political culture varies locally, making feel women more or less welcome. Sexist comments were mentioned several times, more often coming from respondents who worked in councils where men were in the majority. Finally, the balance between work, local politics and family life was often mentioned as a major hurdle for young parents (both men and women) for becoming or staying politically active. The author suggests to explore ways to change the political culture, to combat sexism and to find ways to reduce the workload in order to create more equal access to the local political arena.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Métis Women’s Research Methodology and Methods: Promising Wellness Research Practices
Authors: Gaudet Janice Cindy , Dorion Leah Marie , Corrigal Flaminio Anna 
Published: April 2020

In this article, we share our experience conducting research with Métis women as Métis women researchers. We engaged in promising research practices through visiting, ceremony, and creative methods of art and writing embedded in what we identify as a learning-by-doing practice. Through collaborative and Indigenous relational methodology, we sought to support a culturally safe, nurturing space where Métis women could learn from one another and express Métis knowledge about the specific roles and responsibilities of Métis Aunties within our respective kinship system. This inquiry into the roles of Métis Aunties included a creative art and writing dialogue event in the Métis river community of St. Louis in Saskatchewan, attended by women who were Métis Aunties or nieces. The purpose of the event was to learn more about our Métis Aunties, building on Dr. Kim Anderson’s (2016) extensive research on women’s roles in the governance, care, and wellness of our healthy/balanced kinship systems. We chose this specific region because of its historical significance to Métis people as a river place, and our own personal connections to Métis families in this area. We share our processes in learning with and from other Métis women in order to contribute to the growing literature on relational approaches to research.
Cree Relationship Mapping: nêhiyaw kesi wâhkotohk – How We Are Related
Authors: Makokis Leona , Kopp Kristina , Bodor Ralph , Veldhuisen Ariel , Torres Amanda 
Published: April 2020

nêhiyaw kesi wâhkotohk (how we are related) is a relationship mapping resource based in the nêhiyaw (Cree) language and worldview. The relationship map was developed incrementally through a five-year process of connecting nêhiyaw worldviews of child and family development with the wisdom and teachings from nêhiyaw knowledge-holders. Over time, in ceremony and with many consultations with wisdom-keepers, the authors began connecting the nêhiyaw teachings into a resource that would allow (mostly non-Indigenous) human service providers working with nêhiyaw children, families, and communities a means to understand and honour the relational worldview and teachings of the nêhiyaw people. This kinship map came to include nêhiyaw kinship terms and teachings on wâhkohtowin (all relations) in order to recognize all the sacred roles and responsibilities of family and community. In addition, the vital role of isîhcikewin (ceremony) and the Turtle Lodge Teachings (nêhiyaw stages of individual, family, and community development) became embedded within this resource, along with the foundational teachings that create balance and wellbeing that enable one to live miyo pimâtisiwin (the good life).
Human Trafficking in Northeastern Ontario: Collaborative Responses
Authors: Nagy Rosemary , Snooks Gina , Quenneville Brenda , Chen Lanyan , Wiggins Sydnee , Debassige Donna , Joudin Kathleen , Timms Rebecca 
Published: April 2020

Human trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation is undoubtedly occurring in Northeastern Ontario. However, there is a lack of information, resources, coordination, and collaboration on the issue in comparison to Southern Ontario. Furthermore, urban-based programming from “down south” does not necessarily fit the unique circumstances of Northeastern Ontario: specifically, the isolation and underservicing of rural and remote communities, the presence of francophone communities, and diverse Indigenous communities. The Northeastern Ontario Research Alliance on Human Trafficking is a community-university research partnership that takes a critical anti-human-trafficking approach. We combine Indigenous and feminist methodologies with participatory action research. In this paper, we first present findings from our eight participatory action research workshops with persons with lived experience and service providers in the region, where participants identified the needs of trafficked women and gaps and barriers to service provision. Second, in response to participants’ calls for collaboration, we have developed a Service Mapping Toolkit that is grounded in Indigenous cultural practices and teachings, where applicable, and in the agency and self-determination of persons experiencing violence, exploitation, or abuse in the sex trade. We conclude by recommending seven principles for building collaborative networks aimed at addressing violence in the sex trade. The Service Mapping Toolkit and collaborative principles may assist other rural or northern communities across the county.
Who You Are
Authors: Spivey Michael J. 
Published: April 2020

Why you are more than just a brain, more than just a brain-and-body, and more than all your assumptions about who you are.
Who are you? Are you just a brain? A brain and a body? All the things you have done and the friends you have made? Many of us assume that who we really are is something deep inside us, an inner sanctuary that contains our true selves. In Who You Are, Michael Spivey argues that the opposite is true: that you are more than a brain, more than a brain-and-body, and more than all your assumptions about who you are. Rather than peeling layers away to reveal the inner you, Spivey traces who you are outward. You may already feel in your heart that something outside your body is actually part of you—a child, a place, a favorite book. Spivey confirms this intuition with scientific findings.
With each chapter, Spivey incrementally expands a common definition of the self. After (gently) helping you to discard your assumptions about who you are, he draws on research in cognitive science and neuroscience to explain the back-and-forth among all the regions of the brain and the interaction between the brain and body. He then makes the case for understanding objects and locations in your environment as additional parts of who we are. Going even further, he shows that, just as interaction links brain, body, and environment, ever-expanding systems of interaction link humans to other humans, to nonhuman animals, and to nonliving matter. This may seem an interaction or two too far. But you don't have to take his word for it—just consider the evidence he presents.
Retrospective Analysis of Rifampicin-resistance Pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Presumptive Tuberculosis Patients in Secondary Referral Hospital Offa, Nigeria
Authors: Adewole Pelumi Daniel , Usman Muhammed , Oyeniyi Maroof Gbadebo , Suleman Damilola Kazeem , Alaka Olayemi Olubunmi , Adetoro Ibukun Adeola , Alabi Olumiyiwa Samuel 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Early detection of drug resistant tuberculosis with more sensitive and accessible method together with appropriate control measures among other factors are keys to interruption of transmission and mortality rate.
Study Design: This study conducted a retrospective review of presumptive TB register of patients screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) using Xpert MTB/RIF assay at General Hospital Offa in Kwara State Nigeria between January to December 2018 in order to access the on-going efforts such as quarterly surveillance, improved infrastructural facilities and intense media advocacy on Tuberculosis by Kwara state government on prevention of Tuberculosis in Kwara State.
Results: Overall, 63 (10.6%) of the sputum samples collected were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis while 4 (6.3%) showed rifampicin resistance out 63 (10%) of patients positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There is high recovery rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among women than men as this study recovers 52.4% and 47.6% in male and female respectively. Adults appear to be more vulnerable to TB and the vulnerability tends to increase with age.
Conclusion: This study documents low frequency of rifampicin resistance tuberculosis particularly within female population using highly sensitive and specific Xpert MTB/RIF in Kwara State.
Multiscale and Multimodal Characterization of 2D Titanium Carbonitride MXene
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Wang Hsiu‐Wen , Vlcek Lukas , Peng Jing , Brady Alexander B. , Osti Naresh C. , Mamontov Eugene , Tyagi Madhusudan , Nanda Jagjit , Greenbaum Steven G. , Kent Paul R. C. , Naguib Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA comprehensive study on the prototype solid solution phase carbonitride MXene Ti3CN is conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, total and quasi‐elastic neutron scattering, combined with density functional theory‐based electronic structure and molecular dynamic calculations. The combination of experiment and theory lead toward rational atomic structural models of Ti3CN. The remnant Al ions from the etching process significantly tune the interlayer spacing, distinct from the more typical MXene, Ti3C2, prepared similarly. Neutron scattering indicates the surface terminations of Ti3CN display high oxygen and fluorine concentrations and rather low hydroxyl and hydrogen concentrations. Calculations show that the structure including both the residual Al ions and mixed surface terminations give the best agreement with the measurements. The water molecules in Ti3CN are highly immobile, in strong contrast to those in Ti3C2. The analysis of the electronic structure suggests that the nitride MXene displays higher conductivity than the carbides. The absence of hydroxyl groups in terminations, the solid‐solution in the anion sites, the remnants within layers, and immobile water altogether make the carbonitrides a unique series in the MXene family, implying a further exploration of their exotic properties and applications in energy storage.
Mesoporous Rod‐Like Metal‐Organic Framework with Optimal Tumor Targeting Properties for Enhanced Activatable Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Yuanbo , Liu Xingang , Wu Wenbo , Mao Duo , Wang Bo , Tang Guping , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNanoscale metal‐organic frameworks (nMOFs) have shown great potential in the highly effective delivery of exogenous drugs and imaging agents for biomedical applications, and rod‐like nanomaterials with superb loading capability have demonstrated broad versatility to tumor imaging and tumor‐targeted drug delivery. However, owing to difficulties in their fabrication, nMOFs with both rod‐like shape and mesoporosity for tumor imaging or tumor‐targeted cargo delivery are largely unexplored. Herein, a nanoscale rod‐like [{Cu2(ndc)2(dabco)]n (Cu‐MOF), a copper(II) nMOF, is successfully endowed with mesoporosity via defect engineering. Owing to the mesopores, the as‐synthesized defective rod‐like Cu‐MOF is able to load an aggregation‐induced‐emission (AIE) photosensitizer (PS) with inhibited sensitization at high loading weight percentage. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the rod‐like Cu‐MOF can afford the AIE PS payload with enhanced tumor targeting specificity and penetration depth. After optimal tumor enrichment and cancer cell uptake, Cu(II) in the defective Cu‐MOF efficiently depletes intracellular glutathione and causes dissociation of the Cu‐MOF to release the PS payload and recover its efficient reactive oxygen species generation. Concomitantly, bright fluorescence is afforded by the AIE PS during delivery, contributing to image‐guided cancer‐cell‐activated photodynamic therapy with enhanced therapeutic effects.
Vertically Transported Graphene Oxide for High‐Performance Osmotic Energy Conversion
Authors: Zhang Zhenkun , Shen Wenhao , Lin Lingxin , Wang Mao , Li Ning , Zheng Zhifeng , Liu Feng , Cao Liuxuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReverse electrodialysis is a promising method to harvest the osmotic energy stored between seawater and freshwater, but it has been a long‐standing challenge to fabricate permselective membranes with the power density surpassing the industry benchmark of 5.0 W m−2 for half a century. Herein, a vertically transported graphene oxide (V‐GO) with the combination of high ion selectivity and ultrafast ion permeation is reported, whose permeation is three orders of magnitude higher than the extensively studied horizontally transported GO (H‐GO). By mixing artificial seawater and river water, an unprecedented high output power density of 10.6 W m−2 is obtained, outperforming all existing materials. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal the mechanism of the ultrafast transport in V‐GO results from the quick entering of ions and the large accessible area as well as the apparent short diffusion paths in V‐GO. These results will facilitate the practical application of osmotic energy and bring an innovative design strategy for various systems involving ultrafast transport, such as filtration and catalysis.
Association of lifespan cognitive reserve indicator with the risk of mild cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia
Authors: Xu Hui , Yang Rongrong , Dintica Christina , Qi Xiuying , Song Ruixue , Bennett David A , Xu Weili 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe association of lifespan cognitive reserve (CR) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains controversial. We aimed to examine the association of lifespan CR indicator with the risk of MCI and its progression to dementia, taking brain pathologies into account.MethodsIn a community‐based cohort study (mean age, 79 years) with annual follow‐up (median, 5.16 years; maximum, 20 years), a cognitively intact group (n = 1182) and an MCI group (n = 420) were identified at baseline. During the follow‐up, 611 participants died and underwent autopsies. CR indicator encompassing education, early life to late‐life cognitive and social activities were obtained and tertiled.ResultsThe multi‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of MCI was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58 to 0.90) in the cognitively intact group, and the HR of dementia was 0.66 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.97) in the MCI group for participants with the highest CR indicator (reference: the lowest CR indicator). Among MCI participants with brain pathologies, dementia incidence was about 50% lower in people with the highest CR indicator than the lowest CR indicator.DiscussionHigh lifespan CR indicator reduces risk of MCI, and delays its progression to dementia.
A Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry Toolbox for Targeted Synthesis of Branched and Well‐Defined Protein–Protein Conjugates
Authors: Baalmann Mathis , Neises Laura , Bitsch Sebastian , Schneider Hendrik , Deweid Lukas , Werther Philipp , Ilkenhans Nadja , Wolfring Martin , Ziegler Michael J. , Wilhelm Jonas , Kolmar Harald , Wombacher Richard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBioorthogonal chemistry holds great potential to generate difficult‐to‐access protein–protein conjugate architectures. Current applications are hampered by challenging protein expression systems, slow conjugation chemistry, use of undesirable catalysts, or often do not result in quantitative product formation. Here we present a highly efficient technology for protein functionalization with commonly used bioorthogonal motifs for Diels–Alder cycloaddition with inverse electron demand (DAinv). With the aim of precisely generating branched protein chimeras, we systematically assessed the reactivity, stability and side product formation of various bioorthogonal chemistries directly at the protein level. We demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of our conjugation platform using different functional proteins and the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab. This technology enables fast and routine access to tailored and hitherto inaccessible protein chimeras useful for a variety of scientific disciplines. We expect our work to substantially enhance antibody applications such as immunodetection and protein toxin‐based targeted cancer therapies.
Precisely Tuning Photothermal and Photodynamic Effects of Polymeric Nanoparticles by Controlled Copolymerization
Authors: Wen Kaikai , Wu Lifen , Wu Xiaoxi , Lu Ying , Duan Tao , Ma Han , Peng Aidong , Shi Qinqin , Huang Hui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCancer possesses normoxic and hypoxia microenvironments with different levels of oxygen, needing different efficacies of photothermal and photodynamic therapies. It is important to precisely tune the photothermal and photodynamic effects of phototherapy nano‐agents for efficient cancer treatment. Now, a series of copolymeric nanoparticles (PPy‐Te NPs) were synthesized in situ by controlled oxidative copolymerization with different ratios of pyrrole to tellurophene by FeCl3. The photothermal and photodynamic effects of semiconducting nano‐agents under the first near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation were precisely and systematically tuned upon simply varying the molar ratio of the pyrrole to tellurophene. The PPy‐Te NPs were used for cancer treatment in mice, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility and therapeutic effect. This work presents a simple method to tune photothermal and photodynamic therapies effect in semiconducting nano‐agents for cancer treatment.
Metal–Organic Framework Membrane Nanopores as Biomimetic Photoresponsive Ion Channels and Photodriven Ion Pumps
Authors: Jiang Yanan , Ma Wenjie , Qiao Yujuan , Xue Yifei , Lu Jiahao , Gao Jun , Liu Nannan , Wu Fei , Yu Ping , Jiang Lei , Mao Lanqun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiological ion channels and ion pumps with sub‐nanometer sizes modulate ion transport in response to external stimuli. Realizing such functions with sub‐nanometer solid‐state nanopores has been an important topic with wide practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate a biomimetic photoresponsive ion channel and photodriven ion pump using a porphyrin‐based metal–organic framework membrane with pore sizes comparable to hydrated ions. We show that the molecular‐size pores enable precise and robust optoelectronic ion transport modulation in a broad range of concentrations, unparalleled with conventional solid‐state nanopores. Upon decoration with platinum nanoparticles to form a Schottky barrier photodiode, photovoltage across the membrane is generated with “uphill” ion transport from low concentration to high concentration. These results may spark applications in energy conversion, ion sieving, and artificial photosynthesis.
Cysteine/Penicillamine Ligation Independent of Terminal Steric Demands for Chemical Protein Synthesis
Authors: Tan Yi , Li Jiasheng , Jin Kang , Liu Jiamei , Chen Ziyong , Yang Jun , Li Xuechen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe chemical ligation of two unprotected peptides to generate a natural peptidic linkage specifically at the C‐ and N‐termini is a desirable goal in chemical protein synthesis but is challenging because it demands high reactivity and selectivity (chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity). We report an operationally simple and highly effective chemical peptide ligation involving the ligation of peptides with C‐terminal salicylaldehyde esters to peptides with N‐terminal cysteine/penicillamine. The notable features of this method include its tolerance of steric hinderance from the side groups on either ligating terminus, thereby allowing flexible disconnection at sites that are otherwise difficult to functionalize. In addition, this method can be expanded to selective desulfurization and one‐pot ligation‐desulfurization reactions. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated by the synthesis of VISTA (216‐311), PD‐1 (192‐288) and Eglin C.