bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextual framing of loss impacts harm avoidance during risky spatial decisions
Authors: Jarbo Kevin , Colaço David , Verstynen Timothy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough the same decision to act can occur in multiple contexts, how these contexts differentially influence behavior is not well understood. In this paper, we investigate whether contextual framing affects individuals' behavior in spatial decision making. Although previous research suggests that individuals' judgments are sensitive to contextual (and particularly moral) factors of a scenario, no work has addressed whether this effect extends to spatial decisions. To investigate the impact of context on perceptual sensorimotor behavior, we superimposed two moral dilemmas (which we callhelpandharm) on a spatial decision‐making paradigm. The basic task required participants select a target area while avoiding an overlapping nontarget area. Although the visuospatial task was constant, the moral context was changed when participants had to execute either a drone missile strike on enemies in the harm context or deliver ammunition to allies in the help context. Participants more strongly avoided losses in the harm context, reflected by a greater selection bias away from the nontarget (i.e., allies) on drone strike trials. These findings suggest that the contextual framing of a subjective perceived loss on a spatial decision can drive avoidant motor execution behavior.
Spectrofluorometric method for the determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical preparation using l‐tyrosine as fluorescence probe
Authors: Wu Yuting , Chen Qinfei , Zhao Lijun , Du Dong , Guo Nihong , Ren Haisheng , Liu Wenbin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAscorbic acid is a vital nutrient and antioxidant that is commonly used as an additive in commercial products. Quantitation of ascorbic acid is highly desired in the medical, food, and cosmetic industries. A spectrofluorometric assay for sensitive determination of ascorbic acid was developed using l‐tyrosine as a fluorescent probe. The native fluorescence intensity of tyrosine was quenched using ascorbic acid. The linear range was 0.03–30.00 μM, and the limit of detection was 0.01 μM. The method exhibited excellent precision, accuracy, specificity, and robustness. Components of pharmaceutical preparations that are commonly found with ascorbic acid did not interfere with detection. The procedure was successfully employed for determination of ascorbic acid content in pharmaceutical tablets, injections, and nutrient supplements with satisfactory results. A Stern–Volmer plot and fluorescence lifetime revealed that quenching was attributed to the inner filter effect and static quenching. Isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed the formation of a complex between tyrosine and ascorbic acid, with a binding constant of 1.68 × 103 M−1 and reaction stoichiometry of 0.94. Thermodynamic parameters suggested spontaneous complexation via hydrophobic interactions as the dominant binding force. This method is promising for the simple and rapid determination of ascorbic in the pharmaceutical industry.
Non‐genetic biomarkers and colorectal cancer risk: Umbrella review and evidence triangulation
Authors: Zhang Xiaomeng , Gill Dipender , He Yazhou , Yang Tian , Li Xue , Monori Grace , Campbell Harry , Dunlop Malcolm , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Timofeeva Maria , Theodoratou Evropi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral associations between non‐genetic biomarkers and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have been detected, but the strength of evidence and the direction of associations are not confirmed. We aimed to evaluate the evidence of these associations and integrate results from different approaches to assess causal inference. We searched Medline and Embase for meta‐analyses of observational studies, meta‐analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies measuring the associations between non‐genetic biomarkers and CRC risk and meta‐analyses of RCTs on supplementary micronutrients. We repeated the meta‐analyses using random‐effects models and categorized the evidence based on predefined criteria. We described each MR study and evaluated their credibility. Seventy‐two meta‐analyses of observational studies and 18 MR studies on non‐genetic biomarkers and six meta‐analyses of RCTs on micronutrient intake and CRC risk considering 65, 42, and five unique associations, respectively, were identified. No meta‐analyses of RCTs on blood level biomarkers have been found. None of the associations were classified as convincing or highly suggestive, three were classified as suggestive, and 26 were classified as weak. For three biomarkers explored in MR studies, there was evidence of causality and seven were classified as likely noncausal. For the first time, results from both observational and MR studies were integrated by triangulating the evidence for a wide variety of non‐genetic biomarkers and CRC risk. At blood level, lower vitamin D, higher homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance, and human papillomavirus infection were associated with higher CRC risk while increased linoleic acid and oleic acid and decreased arachidonic acid were likely causally associated with lower CRC risk. No association was found convincing in both study types.
Improved outcomes after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, and platelet count as key factors in disease progression
Authors: Gutiontov Stanley I. , Choe Kevin S. , Miller Jonathan L. , Liauw Stanley L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that antiplatelet (AP) or anticoagulant (AC) therapy may improve outcome in men with prostate cancer. We evaluated the effects of AP/AC therapy and tested the hypothesis that platelet count may also be associated with outcomes.MethodsA total of 482 patients received primary radiotherapy (median dose 72 Gy) for nonmetastatic prostate cancer; 49% received androgen deprivation therapy. NCCN risk was low/intermediate/high risk in 39%/39%/22%. AP/AC therapy and platelet counts were analyzed with respect to freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF, nadir+2), distant metastasis (FFDM), and cause specific survival (CSS).ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 103 months, 10‐year FFBF, FFDM, and CSS were 77%, 92%, and 96%, respectively. The 10‐year cumulative incidence of BF and DM (with death as a competing event) was 19% and 7.0%, respectively. The 32% of men on AP/AC therapy had a lower incidence of 10‐year BF (P = .016) and a trend toward a lower incidence of DM (P = .084) and CSS (P = .091). In the entire cohort, lowest platelet quartile (platelet count <187) was associated with higher 10‐year BF (31% vs 16%, P = .0042) but not DM (9.4% vs 5.2%, P = .22) nor CSS (P = .76) compared with those patients with platelet count ≥187. AP/AC therapy was associated with a larger absolute reduction in BF for men with lowest platelet quartile (10‐year BF of 21% vs 38%, P = .092) vs platelet ≥187 (10‐year BF of 10% vs 18%, P = .053). Lowest platelet quartile remained associated with higher BF and DM on multivariable analysis controlling for risk category, WBC, and Hg.ConclusionAP/AC was associated with improved FFBF. Low platelet count was associated with inferior FFBF and FFDM after prostate radiotherapy. This association was tempered when antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy was administered.
Reverse swing‐M, phase 1 study of repurposing mebendazole in recurrent high‐grade glioma
Authors: Patil Vijay M. , Bhelekar Arti , Menon Nandini , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Simha Vijai , Abhinav Ram , Abhyankar Anuja , Sridhar Epari , Mahajan Abhishek , Puranik Ameya D. , Purandare Nilendu , Janu Amit , Ahuja Ankita , Krishnatry Rahul , Gupta Tejpal , Jalali Rakesh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRelapsed high‐grade glioma has dismal outcomes. Mebendazole has shown promising activity against glioma in in‐vitro and in‐vivo studies. Hence, we undertook a phase 1 study to repurpose mebendazole in the treatment of glioblastoma.MethodsWe conducted a phase 1 study (accelerated titrated design 4) of mebendazole in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). Patients eligible for re‐irradiation were enrolled in arm A1 (radiation with concurrent temozolomide 75 mg/m2 daily during the course of radiation+mebendazole) while patients who were ineligible were enrolled in either arm B1 (CCNU 110 mg/m2 day 1, every 6 weekly + mebendazole) or arm C1 (temozolomide 200 mg/m2 day 1‐5, every 4 weekly + mebendazole). The primary endpoint of phase 1 was to identify the MTD of mebendazole in each combination.Findings11 patients were enrolled in the whole study. MTD of mebendazole was not reached in arm A1 and C1 and hence the recommended dose for phase 2 was 1600 mg TDS (4800 mg) per day. The MTD of mebendazole in combination with CCNU was 1600 mg TDS (4800 mg) per day and the dose recommended for phase 2 was 800 mg TDS (2400 mg) per day. The three most common adverse events seen in the study were anemia (n = 9, 81.8%), nausea (n = 7, 63.6%), and fatigue (n = 6, 55.5%).InterpretationThe recommended phase 2 dose of mebendazole is 1600 mg TDS with temozolomide and temozolomide‐radiation combination while the dose of 800 mg TDS needs to be used with single‐agent CCNU.
Revealing the Li2O2 Nucleation Mechanisms on CeO2 Catalysts for Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Cortes Henry A. , Barral María A. , Seriani Nicola , Corti Horacio R. , Vildosola Verónica L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe addition of ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles to the cathode of a lithium‐oxygen battery results in increased capacity, lower overpotentials and better cyclability. To shed light on the mechanisms of this performance enhancement, we have investigated the early stages of Li2O2 nucleation at stoichiometric and reduced ceria surfaces by means of atomistic simulations based on density functional theory. Adsorption energies are stronger on ceria than on graphene, that is, nucleation mainly would take place on the oxide. The adsorption process of O2 is the one that determines the nucleation sites for the Li2O2 formation on the different CeO2 surfaces. The LiO2 intermediate is adsorbed at the O2 reduction sites. On the reduced (100) surface, the LiO2 tends to adsorb dissociatively, opening up the possibility to the formation of other species than the desired end‐product, Li2O2. On the contrary, optimal properties are found for the reduced (110) surface, which should therefore be the most active surface for Li2O2 nucleation among all low‐index surfaces of ceria. These findings could pave the route to produce better cathodes for Li‐oxygen batteries by the addition of carefully designed ceria nanoparticles, which maximizes the exposition of the most favorable facet.
A novel machine learning algorithm, Bayesian networks model, to predict the high‐risk patients with cardiac surgery‐associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Li Yang , Xu Jiarui , Wang Yimei , Zhang Yunlu , Jiang Wuhua , Shen Bo , Ding Xiaoqiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac surgery‐associated acute kidney injury (CSA‐AKI) is a well‐recognized complication with an ominous outcome.HypothesisBayesian networks (BNs) not only can reveal the complex interrelationships between predictors and CSA‐AKI, but predict the individual risk of CSA‐AKI occurrence.MethodsDuring 2013 and 2015, we recruited 5533 eligible participants who underwent cardiac surgery from a tertiary hospital in eastern China. Data on demographics, clinical and laboratory information were prospectively recorded in the electronic medical system and analyzed by gLASSO‐logistic regression and BNs.ResultsThe incidences of CSA‐AKI and severe CSA‐AKI were 37.5% and 11.1%. BNs model revealed that gender, left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF), serum creatinine (SCr), serum uric acid (SUA), platelet, and aortic cross‐clamp time (ACCT) were found as the parent nodes of CSA‐AKI, while ultrafiltration volume and postoperative central venous pressure (CVP) were connected with CSA‐AKI as children nodes. In the severe CSA‐AKI model, age, proteinuria, and SUA were directly linked to severe AKI; the new nodes of NYHA grade and direct bilirubin created relationships with severe AKI through was related to LVEF, surgery types, and SCr level. The internal AUCs for predicting CSA‐AKI and severe AKI were 0.755 and 0.845, which remained 0.736 and 0.816 in the external validation. Given the known variables, the risk for CSA‐AKI can be inferred at individual levels based on the established BNs model and prior information.ConclusionBNs model has a high accuracy, good interpretability, and strong generalizability in predicting CSA‐AKI. It facilitates physicians to identify high‐risk patients and implement protective strategies to improve the prognosis.
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations after chemotherapy: Differences across medicare and the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Gidwani‐Marszowski Risha , Faricy‐Anderson Katherine , Asch Steven M. , Illarmo Samantha , Ananth Lakshmi , Patel Manali I. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has released quality measures regarding potentially avoidable hospitalizations visits in the 30 days after receipt of outpatient chemotherapy. This study evaluated the proportions of patients treated by Medicare‐reimbursed clinicians and Veterans Health Administration (VA) clinicians who experienced avoidable acute care in order to evaluate differences in health system performance.MethodsThis retrospective evaluation of Medicare and VA administrative data used a cohort of cancer decedents (fiscal years 2010‐2014). Cohort members were veterans aged 66 years or older at death who were dually enrolled in Medicare and the VA. Chemotherapy was identified through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Current Procedural Terminology (ICD-9) codes. CMS defines avoidable hospitalizations as those related to anemia, dehydration, diarrhea, emesis, fever, nausea, neutropenia, pain, pneumonia, or sepsis in the 30 days after chemotherapy. Following CMS guidance, this study compared the proportions of patients with potentially avoidable hospitalizations, using hierarchical generalized estimating equations.ResultsThere were 27,443 patients who received outpatient chemotherapy. Patients receiving Medicare chemotherapy were significantly more likely to have potentially avoidable hospitalizations than patients receiving VA chemotherapy (adjusted odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.41‐1.78; P < .001). In predicted estimates, 7.1% of Medicare‐treated veterans had potentially avoidable hospitalizations in the 30 days after chemotherapy, compared with 4.6% of VA‐treated veterans.ConclusionsResults indicate veterans with cancer receiving chemotherapy in the VA have higher quality care with respect to avoidable hospitalizations than veterans receiving chemotherapy through Medicare. As more veterans seek care in the private sector under the Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks (MISSION) Act, concerted efforts may be warranted to ensure that veterans do not experience a decline in care quality.
Ki‐67 proliferation index in neuroendocrine tumors: Can augmented reality microscopy with image analysis improve scoring?
Authors: Satturwar Swati P. , Pantanowitz Joshua L. , Manko Christopher D. , Seigh Lindsey , Monaco Sara E. , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe Ki‐67 index is important for grading neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in cytology. However, different counting methods exist. Recently, augmented reality microscopy (ARM) has enabled real‐time image analysis using glass slides. The objective of the current study was to compare different traditional Ki‐67 scoring methods in cell block material with newer methods such as ARM.MethodsKi‐67 immunostained slides from 50 NETs of varying grades were retrieved (39 from the pancreas and 11 metastases). Methods with which to quantify the Ki‐67 index in up to 3 hot spots included: 1) “eyeball” estimation (EE); 2) printed image manual counting (PIMC); 3) ARM with live image analysis; and 4) image analysis using whole‐slide images (WSI) (field of view [FOV] and the entire slide).ResultsThe Ki‐67 index obtained using the different methods varied. The pairwise kappa results varied from no agreement for image analysis using digital image analysis WSI (FOV) and histology to near‐perfect agreement for ARM and PIMC. Using surgical pathology as the gold standard, the EE method was found to have the highest concordance rate (84.2%), followed by WSI analysis of the entire slide (73.7%) and then both the ARM and PIMC methods (63.2% for both). The PIMC method was the most time‐consuming whereas image analysis using WSI (FOV) was the fastest method followed by ARM.ConclusionsThe Ki‐67 index for NETs in cell block material varied by the method used for scoring, which may affect grade. PIMC was the most time‐consuming method, and EE had the highest concordance rate. Although real‐time automated counting using image analysis demonstrated inaccuracies, ARM streamlined and hastened the task of Ki‐67 quantification in NETs.
Implementation and evaluation of smart contracts using a hybrid on‐ and off‐blockchain architecture
Authors: Solaiman Ellis , Wike Todd , Sfyrakis Ioannis 
Published: May 2020

SummarySmart contracts can be implemented using either centralized or decentralized (blockchain) platforms. However, for a large class of applications, neither of these two alternatives on its own can provide adequate scalability, performance, quality of service, security, and trust requirements. We argue that for many applications, hybrid solutions that combine both on and off‐blockchain components are more adequate. In this article, we introduce the design and implementation of a novel hybrid smart contract architecture built using the Ethereum blockchain connected to a centralized smart contract management system developed by us. We then compare and evaluate the implementation of an asset tracking service using three different architectures: on‐chain, off‐chain, and hybrid. We demonstrate that using a hybrid architecture, we can substantially improve performance of applications while retaining security and trust for critical tasks.
Ultrafast Dynamics of the Transoid‐cis Isomer Formed in Photochromic Reaction from 3H‐Naphthopyran
Authors: Brazevic Sabina , Baranowski Mikołaj , Sikorski Marek , Rode Michał F. , Burdziński Gotard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent efforts in designing new 3H‐naphthopyran derivatives have been focused on efficient coloration process with a short fading time of the colored transoid‐cis TC isomer. It is desirable to avoid photoisomerization of TC leading to transoid‐trans TT isomers in the photoreaction. Long lifetime of TT can hamper fast applications such as dynamic holographic materials and molecular actuators, the residual color is one of the serious issues for photochromic lenses. Herein we characterize the photophysical and photochemical channels of TC excited state deactivation competing with the unwanted TC→TT isomerization process. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals a very short lifetime of the singlet excited TC (≈0.8 ps) and its deactivation channels as S1→S0 internal conversion (major), intersystem crossing S1→T1, pyran ring formation, photoenolization and TC→TT isomerization. Computations support the S1→S0 and T1→S0 channels as responsible for photostabilization of the TC form.
Pika burrow and zokor mound density and their relationship with grazing management and sheep production in alpine meadow
Authors: Wang Yingxin , Zhang Xinglu , Sun Yi , Chang Shenghua , Wang Zhaofeng , Li Guang , Hou Fujiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPlateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) and plateau zokors (Myospalax baileyi) occur naturally in the alpine meadow of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). Their feeding and burrowing activities affect plant composition and soil properties (e.g., soil carbon accumulation and soil nitrogen cycling), but research to study the complex interactions between small mammals, livestock, and habitat is currently lacking. We conducted a sheep grazing trial to determine the effect of grazing management on pika burrow and zokor mound density, and the relationships between sheep production and pika burrow and zokor mound density. The grazing management approaches were warm‐season rotational grazing at 24 and 48 sheep months (SM)/ha, cold‐season rotational grazing at 24 and 48 SM/ha, seasonal continuous grazing at 24 SM/ha, and whole‐year continuous grazing at 48 SM/ha. The results of this study suggested that warm‐season rotational grazing at low stocking rate did not significantly change both pika and zokor densities. Cold‐season rotational grazing at both high and low stocking rates and seasonal continuous grazing at low stocking rate led to an increase in zokor mound density, but not pika burrow density. Whole‐year continuous grazing at high stocking rate increased both pika and zokor densities. The influence of pika and zokor activities on sheep production was complex and differed between grazing management. Sheep liveweight gain peaked at moderate pika burrow and zokor mound density at low stocking rate under both warm‐ and cold‐season rotational grazing. The threshold values of pika density were about 110 and 70 burrows per hectare in warm and cold seasons, respectively. The threshold value of zokor density was about 400 mounds per hectare in the cold season. In contrast, under high stocking rate regardless of management approach, sheep liveweight gain declined significantly as both pika burrow and zokor mound density increased. This paper provides a theoretical understanding and experimental evidence for sustainable grazing management and restoration of degraded grassland by local herders and policymakers.
Impacts of right ventricular function and venous congestion on renal response during depletion in acute heart failure
Authors: Bouabdallaoui Nadia , Beaubien‐Souligny William , Denault André Y. , Rouleau Jean L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsVenous congestion is a major determinant of worsening renal function (WRF) in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), particularly when associated with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Whether the individual impacts of hemodynamic variables on renal outcomes in ADHF is modified according to RV function remains unclear. We aimed to determine the association between hemodynamic parameters and early changes in renal function during depletive therapy and explore the association of these changes with clinical outcomes.Methods and resultsWRF was defined as any increase in creatinine after 24 h of depletive therapy and improvement in renal function (IRF) as any decrease. Assessments were prospectively obtained on admission, 24 h later and at discharge. Out of the 105 patients enrolled, 45% had IRF, and 41% had poor RV. At baseline, patients evolving towards IRF had a lower mean arterial pressure (84.7 ± 13.9 vs. 90.9 ± 15.2 mmHg), a lower renal perfusion pressure (69.4 ± 16.2 vs. 75.4 ± 15.1 mmHg), and a poorer RV function (tricuspid annular plan systolic excursion 16.5 ± 6.0 vs. 18.8 ± 5.6 mm) in comparison with those with WRF (all P < 0.05). In a multivariate linear regression model, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was the dominant parameter correlated with early changes in creatinine when RV was poor (β = 0.337), whereas mean arterial pressure (β = −0.334) and cardiac output (β = −0.298) were the only parameters correlated with renal function in patients with preserved RV function (all P < 0.05). RV dysfunction, but not early changes in renal function, was associated with post‐discharge clinical events.ConclusionsRV dysfunction is a predictor of an early but transient progression to IRF during depletive therapy. RV dysfunction modifies the individual impact of various hemodynamic variables on the early trajectory of renal function in ADHF.