bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical impacts on tracer transport: A proposed intercomparison test of Atmospheric General Circulation Models
Authors: Gupta Aman , Gerber Edwin P. , Lauritzen Peter H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe transport of trace gases by the atmospheric circulation plays an important role in the climate system and its response to external forcing. Transport presents a challenge for Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs), as errors in both the resolved circulation and the numerical representation of transport processes can bias their abundance. In this study, two tests are proposed to assess transport by the dynamical core of an AGCM. To separate transport from chemistry, the tests focus on the age‐of‐air, an estimate of the mean transport time by the circulation. The tests assess the coupled stratosphere–troposphere system, focusing on transport by the overturning circulation and isentropic mixing in the stratosphere, or Brewer–Dobson Circulation, where transport time‐scales on the order of months to years provide a challenging test of model numerics. Four dynamical cores employing different numerical schemes (finite‐volume, pseudo‐spectral, and spectral‐element) and discretizations (cubed sphere versus latitude–longitude) are compared across a range of resolutions. The subtle momentum balance of the tropical stratosphere is sensitive to model numerics, and the first intercomparison reveals stark differences in tropical stratospheric winds, particularly at high vertical resolution: some cores develop westerly jets and others easterly jets. This leads to substantial spread in transport, biasing the age‐of‐air by up to 25% relative to its climatological mean, making it difficult to assess the impact of the numerical representation of transport processes. This uncertainty is removed by constraining the tropical winds in the second intercomparison test, in a manner akin to specifying the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in an AGCM. The dynamical cores exhibit qualitative agreement on the structure of atmospheric transport in the second test, with evidence of convergence as the horizontal and vertical resolution is increased in a given model. Significant quantitative differences remain, however, particularly between models employing spectral versus finite‐volume numerics, even in state‐of‐the‐art cores.
Artificial bee colony algorithm with rotational invariance based on hypersphere
Authors: Kumagai Wataru , Xu Zheng , Tamura Kenichi , Yasuda Keiichiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, we show the lack of rotational invariance in the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (ABC) through numerical experiments. After analysis from the viewpoint of rotational invariance, we develop an ABC with rotational invariance using a hypersphere. The performance of the proposed ABC with rotational invariance is verified through numerical experiments for typical separable benchmark functions without and with rotation. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Recent advances in theranostic agents based on natural products for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy
Authors: Wu Jiasheng , Sha Jie , Zhang Chuangli , Liu Weimin , Zheng Xiuli , Wang Pengfei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe integration of diagnosis and therapy based on natural products has been receiving considerable attention in recent years because nature can contribute many fantastic functional molecules with good biocompatibility and low toxicity. Diagnostic and therapeutic agents combined with the technique of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) have been extensively developed thanks to the advantages of PDT and SDT, such as good selectivity, low toxicity, and noninvasive treatment for cancers and other diseases compared with traditional treatments. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in theranostic agents for natural products categorized as porphyrins, perylenequinone, curcumin, and others. Some representative examples of disease diagnosis in fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging and disease treatment in PDT/SDT were introduced. Potential limitations and future perspectives of these natural products for theranostic agents were also discussed.
Detection of heat shock protein 27, 70, 90 expressions in primary parenchymatous organs of goats after transport stress by real‐time PCR and ELISA
Authors: Hu Wei , Fang Manxin , Yang Yanzhen , Ye Tian , Liu Ben , Zheng Wenya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransport stress causes a series of problems to goat production, such as tissue injury and immunity damage. As a pro‐survival pathway, the heat shock response protects healthy cells of goat from stressors. To evaluate the effects of transport stress on heat shock protein (HSPs) expression on goat primary parenchymatous organs, a total of three batches of goats were treated in this study. For each batch, 12 healthy adult male goats were randomly and averagely divided into three groups: Control group (non‐transported group), 2 hr transported group and 6 hr transported group. Real‐time PCR results indicated that the mRNA expression level of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in all examined organs of 2 hr transport‐treated goats were upregulated (p < .05) except lung, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70; except spleen) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90; except liver and lung) were also increased (p < .05). In 6 hr transported group, the transcription levels of HSP27 (except heart and kidney), HSP70 (except heart, liver and lymph nodes) and HSP90 (except heart and spleen) were all backed to the original levels or even reduced (p < .05). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that the protein levels of HSP27 (except lymph nodes), HSP70 (except spleen) and HSP90 (except liver and lung) were all increased after 2 hr transport (p < .05). After 6 hr transport, HSP27 only in kidney and HSP70 only in heart and liver were upregulated (p < .05), while HSP90 in all the examined organs except liver and lung were also maintained in relatively high levels (p < .05). Taken together, these results suggested that the expression of HSPs in goat primary parenchymatous organs may be regulated by transport stress time. Moreover, this study also provides some new data to advocate reducing transport stress of goats and improving animal welfare.
Fire‐retardant synergy of tris(1‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinyl)phosphite and aluminum hypophosphite/melamine hydrobromide in polypropylene
Authors: Liu Junhong , Wu Hongzhi , Sun Mingmei , Su Shuqian , Yan Bo , Tang Linsheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFire‐retardant synergy of tris(1‐methoxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinyl) phosphite (NORPM) and aluminum hypophosphite (ALHP)/melamine hydrobromide (MHB) in polypropylene (PP) was researched by limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, vertical burning test, and cone calorimetric test (CCT). The results reveal that NORPM, together with ALHP/MHB, has an exceptional fire‐retardant synergy in PP. For the FR‐PP containing 1.0 wt% of ALHP and 1.5 wt% of MHB, combining NORPM in 0.20 wt% concentration can make its LOI value increases from 19.0% to 26.1%, the fire‐retardant efficiency (EFF) increases from 0.48 to 3.07, synergistic efficiency (SE) is as high as 2.18, the vertical combustion rating can be improved from none to UL 94 V‐2, fire performance index (FPI) increases from 58.7 to 84.9, and various heat release parameter values are reduced markedly. NORPM induces the synergy with ALHP/MHB primarily by the mechanisms as follows: active free radicals formed through the decomposition of NORPM, such as CH3, CH3O, nitro radicals and amino radicals, together with PH3 and HBr, trap active radicals (HO·) for combustion. Consequently, the reaction chain of combustion is terminated, which makes gaseous phase fire retardancy more efficient.
Influence of hydration on the mechanical, structural, thermal, and morphological properties of cement filled epoxy composites
Authors: Daniel A. , Islam M. R. , Sumdani M. G. , Firouzi A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDifferent loading of Portland cement (PC) (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) was used to produce epoxy‐based polymer concrete. The optimum loading was used to prepare another sample using hydration in presence of air circulation. The polymer concretes were characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal, structural and morphological properties. The properties showed increasing trends after cement addition. Results showed that the tensile strength of the polymer concretes were improved by 37.2%, 115.5%, 165.9%, and 40.6% for loading of 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% cement, respectively. In addition, the flexural strength of the polymer concretes was also enhanced and found maximum (175.3% higher) in 30 wt% concrete compared to neat epoxy. Other mechanical properties of the polymer concrete were also found increasing. Moreover, decomposition temperature was raised nearly 15°C for adding 30 wt% cement which was the maximum among the other polymer concretes. For the case of hydration in presence of air circulation, the prepared composite showed the highest tensile mechanical performance with improved surface topography. From the results, it was concluded that the addition of cement into the epoxy was very effective to produce polymer concretes.
Leading edge erosion of wind turbines: Effect of solid airborne particles and rain on operational wind farms
Authors: Law Hamish , Koutsos Vasileios 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLeading edge erosion (LEE) affects almost all wind turbines, reducing their annual energy production and lifetime profitability. This study presents results of an investigation into 18 operational wind farms to assess the validity of the current literature consensus surrounding LEE. Much of the historical research focuses on rain erosion, implying that this is the predominant causal factor. However, this study showed that the impact of excessive airborne particles from seawater aerosols or from adverse local environments such as nearby quarries greatly increases the levels of LEE. Current testing of leading edge protection coatings or tapes is based on a rain erosion resistivity test, which does little to prove its ability to withstand solid particle erosion and may drive coating design in the wrong direction. Furthermore, it was shown that there is little correlation between test results and actual field performance. A method of monitoring the expected level of erosion on an operational wind turbine due to rain erosion is also presented. Finally, the energy losses associated with LEE on an operational wind farm are examined, with the average annual energy production dropping by 1.8% due to medium levels of erosion, with the worst affected turbine experiencing losses of 4.9%.
The web of swampland conjectures and the TCC bound
Authors: Andriot David , Cribiori Niccolò , Erkinger David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We consider the swampland distance and de Sitter conjectures, of respective order one parameters λ and c. Inspired by the recent Trans-Planckian Censorship conjecture (TCC), we propose a generalization of the distance conjecture, which bounds λ to be a half of the TCC bound for c, i.e. $$ \lambda \ge \frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}} $$
λ
≥

1
2

2
3

in 4d. In addition, we propose a correspondence between the two conjectures, relating the tower mass m on the one side to the scalar 1 potential V on the other side schematically as $$ m\sim {\left|V\right|}^{\frac{1}{2}} $$
m
∼

V

1
2

, in the large distance limit. These proposals suggest a generalization of the scalar weak gravity conjecture, and are supported by a variety of examples. The lower bound on λ is verified explicitly in many cases in the literature. The TCC bound on c is checked as well on ten different no-go theorems, which are worked-out in detail, and V is analysed in the asymptotic limit. In particular, new results on 4d scalar potentials from type II compactifications are obtained.
A systematic study of hidden sector dark matter: application to the gamma-ray and antiproton excesses
Authors: Hooper Dan , Leane Rebecca K. , Tsai Yu-Dai , Wegsman Shalma , Witte Samuel J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In hidden sector models, dark matter does not directly couple to the particle content of the Standard Model, strongly suppressing rates at direct detection experiments, while still allowing for large signals from annihilation. In this paper, we conduct an extensive study of hidden sector dark matter, covering a wide range of dark matter spins, mediator spins, interaction diagrams, and annihilation final states, in each case determining whether the annihilations are s-wave (thus enabling efficient annihilation in the universe today). We then go on to consider a variety of portal interactions that allow the hidden sector annihilation products to decay into the Standard Model. We broadly classify constraints from relic density requirements and dwarf spheroidal galaxy observations. In the scenario that the hidden sector was in equilibrium with the Standard Model in the early universe, we place a lower bound on the portal coupling, as well as on the dark matter’s elastic scattering cross section with nuclei. We apply our hidden sector results to the observed Galactic Center gamma-ray excess and the cosmic-ray antiproton excess. We find that both of these excesses can be simultaneously explained by a variety of hidden sector models, without any tension with constraints from observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
Type-I seesaw with eV-scale neutrinos
Authors: Branco G. C. , Penedo J. T. , Pereira Pedro M. F. , Rebelo M. N. , Silva-Marcos J. I. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We consider seesaw type-I models including at least one (mostly-)sterile neutrino with mass at the eV scale. Three distinct situations are found, where the presence of light extra neutrinos is naturally justified by an approximately conserved lepton number symmetry. To analyse these scenarios consistently, it is crucial to employ an exact parametrisation of the full mixing matrix. We provide additional exact results, including generalised versions of the seesaw relation and of the Casas-Ibarra parametrisation, valid for every scale of seesaw. We find that the existence of a light sterile neutrino imposes an upper bound on the lightest neutrino mass. We further assess the impact of light sterile states on short- and long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, emphasise future detection prospects, and address CP Violation in this framework via the analysis of CP asymmetries and construction of weak basis invariants. The proposed models can accommodate enough active-sterile mixing to play a role in the explanation of short-baseline anomalies.
Gravitational couplings in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 heterotic compactifications with Wilson lines
Authors: Chattopadhyaya Aradhita 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper we compute the gravitational couplings of the heterotic string compactified on (K3 × T2)/ℤN and E8× E8 and predict the Gopakumar Vafa invariants of the dual Calabi Yau manifold in presence of Wilson lines. Here ℤN acts as an automorphism on K3 associated with the conjugacy classes of M23 and a shift of 1/N on one of the S1 of T2. We study in detail the cases N = 2, 3 for standard and several non-standard embeddings where K3 is realized as toroidal orbifolds T4/ℤ4 and T4/ℤ3. From these computations we extract the polynomial term in perturbative pre-potential for these orbifold models in presence of a single Wilson line. We also show for standard embeddings the integrality of the Gopakumar Vafa invariants depend on the integrality of Fourier coefficients of Fourier transform of the twisted elliptic genus of K3 in presence of n < 8 Wilson lines.
A one-loop test of the near-AdS2/near-CFT1 correspondence
Authors: Charles Anthony M. , Larsen Finn 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We analyze quantum fluctuations around black hole solutions to the Jackiw-Teitelboim model. We use harmonic analysis on Euclidean AdS2 to show that the logarithmic corrections to the partition function are determined entirely by quadratic holomorphic differentials, even when conformal symmetry is broken and harmonic modes are no longer true zero modes. Our quantum-corrected partition function agrees precisely with the SYK result. We argue that our effective quantum field theory methods and results generalize to other theories of two-dimensional dilaton gravity.
Existence of solutions to a diffusive shallow medium equation
Authors: Bögelein Verena , Dietrich Nicolas , Vestberg Matias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we establish the existence of weak solutions to the shallow medium equation. We proceed by an approximation argument. First, we truncate the coefficients of the equation from above and below. Then, we prove convergence of the solutions of the truncated problem to a solution to the original equation.
Intraarticular osteotomy of malunited tibial plateau fractures: an analysis of clinical results with a mean follow-up after 4 years
Authors: Alm Lena , Frings Jannik , Krause Matthias , Frosch Karl-Heinz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Malunions are a common complication after tibial plateau fractures (TPF), leading to stiffness, pseudo-instability and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical outcome after intraarticular osteotomy of malunited TPF and to perform a failure analysis.

Methods
Between 2013 and 2018, 23 patients (11 males, 12 females; 43.8 ± 12.8 years) with intraarticular osteotomy after malunited TPF were included in the retrospective study. Clinical examination and postoperative scores were collected with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Malunion was measured on pre- and postoperative CT scans and localized according to the 10-segment classification while the leg axis in the frontal plane was measured pre- and postoperatively on long leg standing radiographs.

Results
Excellent and good clinical outcome was achieved in 73.9% (n = 17) of the cases and patient related outcome improved significantly (Tegner 3.3 ± 1.6–5 ± 1.8, p < 0.001; clinical Rasmussen 14.6 ± 3.8–24.9 ± 4.4, p < 0.001). Radiological parameters also improved as an intraarticular step-off was reduced from 9 ± 3.8 to 0.6 ± 0.8 mm (p < 0.001) and a lower limb malalignment from 7.2 ± 4.8° to 1.5 ± 1.9° (p = 0.003). Failure analysis showed that an impaired clinical result correlated with a postoperative extension (n = 3, p < 0.001) and flexion deficit (n = 4, p = 0.035).

Conclusion
Intraarticular osteotomy of malunited TPF lead to good clinical results with significant clinical and radiological improvement in most cases while an impaired patient outcome correlated with a limited range of motion. This study is the first failure analysis of intraarticular osteotomy after malunited TPF published up to now.
Multiscale thermodynamics of charged mixtures
Authors: Vágner Petr , Pavelka Michal , Esen Oğul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA multiscale theory of interacting continuum mechanics and thermodynamics of mixtures of fluids, electrodynamics, polarization, and magnetization is proposed. The mechanical (reversible) part of the theory is constructed in a purely geometric way by means of semidirect products. This leads to a complex Hamiltonian system with a new Poisson bracket, which can be used in principle with any energy functional. The thermodynamic (irreversible) part is added as gradient dynamics, generated by derivatives of a dissipation potential, which makes the theory part of the GENERIC framework. Subsequently, Dynamic MaxEnt reductions are carried out, which lead to reduced GENERIC models for smaller sets of state variables. Eventually, standard engineering models are recovered as the low-level limits of the detailed theory. The theory is then compared to recent literature.
High patient satisfaction and good long-term functional outcome after endoscopic calcaneoplasty in patients with retrocalcaneal bursitis
Authors: Opdam Kim T. M. , Zwiers Ruben , Vroemen Joy , Sierevelt Inger N. , Wiegerinck Johannes I. , van Dijk C. Niek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe primary objective of this study was to determine the degree of patient satisfaction at a minimum of 5 years of follow-up after endoscopic calcaneoplasty. The secondary objectives were to assess functional outcome measures, pain scores, analysis of bone removal, reformation of exostosis at follow-up and correlation of the size of the exostosis and recurrent or persisting complaints.MethodsThis study evaluated patients who underwent endoscopic calcaneoplasty, between January 1st 2000 and December 31st 2010, for the diagnosis of retrocalcaneal bursitis. The evaluation consisted of PROMs (patient-reported outcome measures), a questionnaire and a visit to the outpatient clinic for physical examination and a standard lateral weight-bearing radiograph of the ankle. Patient satisfaction, functional outcomes and pain scores were measured by use of a numeric rating scale (NRS). Size of the posterosuperior calcaneal exostosis was measured on a standard lateral weight-bearing radiograph using parallel pitch lines (PPL) and the Fowler–Philip angle (PFA).ResultsThe response rate was 28 out of 55 (51%) and the median time to follow-up was 101(IQR 88.5–131.8) months. The median satisfaction score for treatment results was 8.5 out of 10 (IQR 6–10). FAOS symptoms 84.5 (IQR 58.0–96.4), FAOS pain 90.3 (IQR 45.1–100.0), FAOS ADL 94.9 (IQR 58.1–100.0), FAOS sport 90.0 (IQR 36.3–100.0) and FAOS QOL 71.9 (IQR 37.5–93.8) and median AOFAS was 100 (IQR 89–100). The median PLL difference between before operation and 2 weeks after the operation was − 4 mm (IQR-6 and -1) and the median PLL difference between 2 weeks after the operation and at follow-up was 1 mm (0–2). The median PFA was 65 (63–69) at baseline, 66.5 (60.8–70.3) 2 weeks after the operation and 64 (60.8–65.3) at follow-up.ConclusionDespite the limited response rate, this study shows high patient satisfaction and good long-term functional outcome in patients affected by retrocalcaneal bursitis who underwent endoscopic calcaneoplasty.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Determination of the oenological properties of yeast strains isolated from spontaneously fermented grape musts obtained from cool climate grape varieties
Authors: Cioch-Skoneczny Monika , Satora Paweł , Skoneczny Szymon , Pater Aneta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe international competitiveness of the wine sector and consumer demands for the unique wine styles pose challenges in improving the fermentation process. The basis of proper alcoholic fermentation is knowledge about how individual yeast strains interact with the aroma, taste and color of wine, what results in possibility to select species used as starter cultures. To use the value of non-Saccharomycesyeast strains in wine production and to minimize the possibility of wine deterioration, it is necessary to precisely recognize the yeast cultures present on the fruit of the vine and in grape must, as well as their metabolic properties. The aim of the study was to determine the oenological properties of yeasts isolated from spontaneously fermented grape musts obtained from cool climate grapes. For this purpose, Zweigelt grape must was fermented with yeast monocultures. Alcohol, extract, sugars, glycerol, total acidity and free amine nitrogen were analyzed in the obtained wines. Poor fermentation properties of yeast strains results in obtaining wines with relatively large amounts of residual sugars and low alcohol. A decrease in overall acidity was noted in sets with the participation ofM. pulcherrimaMG971264, while in other tests the opposite trend was observed. Although some microorganisms have the ability to assimilate organic acids found in wine, they are not able to carry out fermentation or they do it inefficiently. Solution to this problem may, therefore, be use of mixed cultures of noble and non-Saccharomycesyeast, what effectively reduce the concentration of organic acids, while not adversely affecting the organoleptic characteristics of the drink.