bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Social Factor Documentation and Hospital Length of Stay and Readmission Among Children
Authors: Pantell Matthew S. , Kaiser Sunitha V. , Torres Jacqueline M. , Gottlieb Laura M. , Adler Nancy E. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Social risk factors are linked to children’s health, but little is known about how frequently these factors are documented using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or whether documentation is associated with health care use outcomes. Using a large administrative database of pediatric hospitalizations, we examined the prevalence of ICD social risk code documentation and hypothesized that social code documentation would be associated with longer length of stay (LOS) and readmission.METHODS:We analyzed hospitalizations of children ages ≤18 using the 2012 Nationwide Readmissions Database. The following ICD social codes were used as predictors: family member with alcohol and/or drug problem, history of abuse, parental separation, foster care, educational circumstance, housing instability, other economic strain, and legal circumstance. Outcomes included long LOS (top quintile) and readmission within 30 days after discharge. Covariates included individual, hospital, and season variables.RESULTS:Of 926 073 index hospitalizations, 7432 (0.8%) had International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, social codes. Social code documentation was significantly associated with long LOS. Adjusting for covariates, family alcohol and/or drug problem (odds ratio [OR] 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–2.35), foster care (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.53–3.65), other economic strain (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.38–3.26), and legal circumstances (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.02–2.71) remained significant predictors of long LOS. Social code documentation was not associated with readmission after adjusting for covariates.CONCLUSIONS:Social ICD codes are associated with prolonged LOS and readmission in pediatric hospitalizations, but they are infrequently documented. Future work exploring these associations could help to determine if addressing social risk factors in inpatient settings might improve child health outcomes.
Variations in Care for Breastfed Infants Admitted to US Children’s Hospitals: A Multicenter Survey of Inpatient Providers
Authors: Bochner Risa E. , Kuroki Robyn , Lui Karen , Russell Christopher J. , Rackovsky Elia , Piper Laura , Ban Kathryn , Yang Katharine , Mandal Purnima , Mackintosh Liza , Mirzaian Christine B. , Gross Elissa 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:Studies have revealed an association between hospitalization of breastfed infants and weaning posthospitalization. It is unknown what steps inpatient providers at children’s hospitals are currently taking to support breastfeeding mothers of hospitalized infants, their comfort providing breastfeeding counseling, and what training they receive.METHODS:We conducted a multicenter survey study of pediatric providers who care for infants hospitalized at 3 urban, tertiary-care children’s hospitals over a 12-month period. A convenience sample of nurses, residents, and attending physicians agreed to participate. Participants completed a 24-question questionnaire addressing provider practices, comfort with breastfeeding counseling, and previous breastfeeding education. Data were summarized as medians (interquartile ranges) and frequencies (percentages). Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests were used to compare between provider types.RESULTS:A total of 361 out of 1097 (33%) eligible providers completed the survey: 133 (21%) nurses, 166 (45%) residents, and 62 (63%) attending physicians. Provider practices varied by provider type. We observed a general trend that providers do not routinely review breastfeeding techniques, directly observe feeds, or use standardized breastfeeding assessment tools. Residents and attending physicians were more likely than nurses to feel comfortable with breastfeeding counseling (P = .02). Residents were more likely than nurses and attending physicians to have received breastfeeding education in the last 3 years (P &lt; .001).CONCLUSIONS:Practices, comfort, and previous education varied by provider type. There was a general pattern that providers do not routinely perform certain practices. Further studies are needed to determine if inpatient provider practices affect weaning posthospitalization and if inpatient quality improvement initiatives will help mothers continue breastfeeding posthospitalization.
The talent of mature women and their legacy for Humanity
Authors: Troncoso  Rodríguez Marina 
Published: January 2020

This paper is a compilation of facts about women who shone in their youth either for their research, their works of art, or their social and political activities, and who remained active in their later years, when they became what are commonly called senior citizens. It was during these years that these brilliant women managed to crystallise and consolidate the work they had done all of their life, bringing about changes in scientific, artistic, cultural and social fields, leaving behind a legacy of knowledge for future generations. A small host of women representing different disciplines has been chosen here, and all of these women were active in their later life. Many others who could have been included will not be found, not only because there is not enough space here to mention all of them here, but also because there is a lack of sources dealing with the millions of senior heroines who are anonymous; elderly women who play a vital role in the development of humanity when they pass on knowledge and values; women who remain active in their later years and who only retire the day they die
NEW WAYS OF TREATMENT IN GERIATRICS AND PERCEPTION OF THOSE METHODS BY PATIENTS
Authors: KUJAWSKA AGNIESZKA , KUJAWSKI SŁAWOMIR , GAJOS MAŁGORZATA , PERKOWSKI RADOSŁAW , ANDROSIUK JOANNA , JARECKA JULITA , KOŻUCHOWSKI MARCIN , KASPERSKA PAULINA , PŁUSA SYLWIA , TOPKA WERONIKA 
Published: January 2020

Developing Western societies are characterized by growing numbers of older people. This trend will increase in coming decades. Medicine and health care of developed countries has to stand against new needs of societies rich in people over sixty years old.
This paper will briefly review new technologies and ways of treating disorders of older people on the one hand, and reception of these methods by older patients on the other hand. We briefly describe therapeutic methods used in clinical neuroscience dividing them into 3 categories: therapies based on implantation of external devices into the organism, therapies using video games, and therapies using virtual reality. These therapies will be discussed according to three rules, that have been proposed considering the approach for effective therapeutic methods targeting older people.
It can be assumed that older people tend to be afraid of using unknown solutions, even to improve their own health states. Contrary to this claim, most of researches report very high rate of acceptance of aforementioned techniques by older people. However, laboratory teams should treat older people with extreme care so as to not provoke aversion to technologies used in intervention
Barack Obama – the new charismatic political actor - a discourse analysis
Authors: Țîrlea Ada-Maria 
Published: January 2020

The American president, Barack Obama, is considered to be one of the most charismatic figures of the 21st century. His speeches are the best asset through which he emphasizes this quality. Although, he hasn’t always been considered to be a successful politician, he made his entrance on the political arena in 2004, when he delivered one of his best speeches.
The aim of this paper is to reveal the most important elements of a political discourse that can contribute to creating a good image of a political actor. Using the critical discourse analysis method, we are trying to see if there is a connection between a good, coherent discourse strategy and the charisma of the American leader. The sample will include his 2004 speech, delivered at the Democrats’ Convention, the speech that put him in the eyes of the media as a future American leader
Spatial turn and animation practices inspired by cultural anthropology
Authors: Wieszaczewska Agnieszka 
Published: January 2020

Spatial turn is one of the cultural turns, which have recently occurred in the humanities. It stresses the importance of issues such as space and place and can be successfully used as a theoretical perspective gaining use in thought over issues such as globalisation, transnationality, mapping but also education. In the discourses of pedagogical science space and place are considered through their multidimensional impact on education and learning. As significant concepts rooting pedagogy or pedagogy of borderland. The pedagogical reflection on space could be also used in the field of animation practices, especially in activities, which are related to place somehow colonised.
HISTORY AS A SCHOOL SUBJECT IN THE “SECOND CHANCE” PROGRAMME FOR FUNCTIONAL BASIC EDUCATION OF ADULTS IN SERBIA
Authors: Čović Paulina , Koljanin Dragica 
Published: January 2020

The implementation of comprehensive educational reforms which include adult education is taking place in Serbia. The bases for the reforms are new approaches to education and learning, because rapid changes in all spheres of life have opened up the need for lifelong learning and education. However, the moment when society recognized the need for an institutional and organized form of adult education was preceded by a long development path in the second half of the twentieth century. This paper will examine the role of history as a subject in primary education of adults within the Second Chance project. History as a subject is undeniably important for development of one`s identity and understanding of the present in order to prepare to be a responsible part of society. Considering that Serbia has in the past been faced with the problem of illiteracy, there will be a brief overview of adult education in the second half of the twentieth century.
The Big Five personality and temperamental traits and its correlation with styles of coping with stress in the fire brigade officers
Authors: Szrajda Justyna , Tudorowska Malwina , Kujawski Sławomir , Weber-Rajek Magdalena , Sygit-Kowalkowska Ewa , Kobos Zdzisław , Słomko Joanna , Tafil-Klawe Małgorzata , Zalewski Paweł 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Selecting specific professional activities (e.g. a brigade officer) and methods for coping with difficult situations may result from personal predispositions of a given person. Personality is founded on the innate temperament. The way of dealing with stress depends on personality traits whose influence is manifested, amongst other things, in the selection of specific coping styles.
The current study aim to examine the level of correlation between personality and temperamental traits with manifested coping styles.
The study covered 58 volunteers – male fire brigade officers. The following tools were used: Personality Inventory, NEO-FFI, Formal Characteristics of Behaviour: Temperament Inventory – Revised Version, FCZ-KT (R) and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, CISS.
Emotion-focused coping style for stressful situations correlates with the following traits: positively, with perseveration (r=0.5115) and with emotional reactivity (r=0.4927), and negatively, with briskness (r=-0.3926) and endurance (r=-0.5408). The task-oriented coping style for stressful situations correlates positively with extraversion (r=0.3236) and conscientiousness (r=0.3088), and negatively with neuroticism (r=-0.3368) in the NEO-FFI. The emotion-focused coping style for stressful situations is positively correlated with neuroticism (NEO-FFI) (r=0.4150).
In fire brigade officers, As far as personality traits were concerned, fire brigade officers scored relatively high in extraversion, conscientiousness and low in neuroticism and were likely to demonstrate the task-oriented coping style for stressful situations. Lower level of perseveration and high level of briskness and endurance were associated with emotion-focused coping style for stressful situations. Similarly, the tendency to focus on emotions experienced in stressful situations were associated with high level of neuroticism in the study group.
CULTURAL MINORITIES AND THE PANOPTIC GAZE: A STUDY OF THE (MIS)REPRESENTATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN MALAYALAM FILMS
Authors: DIVAKARAN R. V. M. 
Published: January 2020

This paper explores the patterns of the representation of Adivasis or aboriginals – known as ‘tribals’ in common parlance – in Malayalam language films. Film as a medium of representation is continuously engaged in constructing images and thus the process becomes an ideological enterprise contributing to the relentless practice of defining and redefining the society and its various components in terms of several binaries. The film industry of Kerala, a southern state of India, is affluent and more influential than other art forms and production. Though the tribal population of Kerala is around 400 thousand and they belong to as many as 43 subgroups, they are underrepresented in films and that too is in a stereotypical manner. These groups are considered to be largely distinct with each tribal group identifying themselves with their own mythologies, tales of origin, and distinctive religious and ritualistic practices. This paper critically analyses the politics of representation using the example of tribals in Malayalam films as it has evolved over the past decades and attempts to trace a whole gamut of aesthetic and ethical issues at stake.
Business clinics qualified for the in vitro governmental programme with the legal status up to the end of 2016
Authors: Debita Magdalena 
Published: January 2020

The article presents the issue of state participation in the financing of couples’ infertility treatment with in vitro fertilization. The author emphasizes that highly interesting topic of clinics recommended for infertility treatment has not been sufficiently developed. This subject is systematically developed in the public discourse, but the society, which still remains divided in the matter of state and municipal government participation in the funding of couples' infertility treatment with in vitro. The author presents the evolution of Ministry’s of Health In Vitro Fertilisation Programmes which came under the governance of the Law and Justice party (PiS) in 2016.
The project of the self-assessment descriptors for Czech as a second language
Authors: Šormová Kateřina 
Published: January 2020

The project of the self-assessment descriptors for Czech as a second language
Aim. The aim of the research is to evaluate the set of the self-assessment descriptors for Czech as a second language.
Methods. The subject of the study were 753 descriptors evaluated by 50 teachers and 640 students. They are analysed with the application od quetionaires and controlled interviews. Pilot project tested the methodology to estabilish the difficulty level of descriptors and the ability level of learners.
Results. The analysis shows that some of the descriptors need to be reduced and some of them reformulated.
Conclusion. The analysis shows that many teachers are not sufficiently informed on Czech as a second language, they evaluate the descriptors from the perspective of a foreign language. Another finding is the inexperience of many teachers with the language levels following the CEFR; they label words or grammatical elements as an inappropriate level, but their estimate is very often incorrect. The teachers mark sayings, proverbs and idioms as the most problematic. The students are often able to express the given meaning, but they are shy to speak in a foreign language.
Atmosphere of societal anxiety and representations of the body: The image of man in surrealist works of Vítězslav Nezval in the 20th century interwar period in Bohemia
Authors: Brzezińska Anna Maria 
Published: January 2020

Aim: The interwar period in Czechoslovakia was a time of societal anxiety. The aim of this paper is to find the central themes of societal fear, as reflected in the surrealist works of Vítězslav Nezval, a czech poet. The analysis will be based primarily on the lyric poetry from the collections: Žena v množném čísle [Woman in Plural] (1936) and Absolutní hrobař [Absolute Gravedigger] (1937).
Methods: The analysis is based on the Josef Vojdovík’s anthropo-phenomenological method of exploring the surrealist perceptions of the body, which is based on vertical and horizontal anthropological dimensions and phenomenological conceptions of fears.
Results: Surrealist poetry and other literary works contain images of the body that are changed by fear: deformations, metamorphoses, fragmentarisations, hybridisations, expressing the body as a collage, a mosaic, an amalgam, a phantom, a grotesque, an inlay, and as lifelessness. It undergoes multiple metamorphoses, not only within its own form, but also with regard to the categories of life and lifelessness.
Conclusions: The analysis leads to the conclusion, that V. Nezval’s works show a clear tendency to portray the body as an object which undergoes a metamorphosis. The body is balanced on the edge between living and dead, organic and inorganic, it is determined by time and space. It is often shown along the narrowing-widening relation, in stupor, petrification, reduced to a flat surface or miniaturised.
The development and implementation of ideas of lifelong learning in Europe at the dawn of the 21st century
Authors: Marcinkiewicz-Wilk Aleksandra , Jurczyk-Romanowska Ewa 
Published: January 2020

Aim. The aim of article is present the changing of idea of lifelong learning. The article focuses on the idea of lifelong learning. The first part shows the essence of lifelong learning. An attempt has been made to organise concepts like: lifelong learning, lifelong training, continuing education and permanent education, as well as education and adult education, to consequently educe the idea of lifelong learning from the concept of continuing education.
Methods. It’s used the literature analysis because of the theoretical character of a paper.
Results. In the paper was presented how idea of lifelong learning was changing in the time. Furthermore, the article shows the social context of the use of lifelong learning in relation to the theory of human capital and social capital theory as well. The next part of the article concentrates on identifying the most important initiatives of the European Union, the objective of which was the implementation of the idea in Europe. The article presents the aims of the EU programmes that are focused on the implementation of that idea in European education.
Conclusions. The development of the idea lifelong learning is referring with a social and cultural changes. This idea is a very important part of EU strategy which main gol is to build the Information Society.
Official and Internet translations – comparison of culture-related aspects from the perspective of foreignization and domestication dichotomy
Authors: Karpińska Patrycja 
Published: January 2020

Aim. The study aimed at establishing whether there are any significant differences between the two translations of the same novels: one published unofficially and anonymously on the Internet, and the other published officially by the publisher. The elements taken into consideration in the analysis were: the culture-bound elements, the vulgar terms, and syntactic calques.
Methods. The theoretical part of the research is based on the refraction theory by A. Lefevere (1992), according to whom translation is a process regulated by a system in which it functions. In opposition to the regulated translational activity stands unofficial Internet translation. The comparative analysis of the translations was further developed with the application the ‘foreignisation’and domestication dichotomy proposed by L. Venuti (1995).
Results and conclusion. The results of the study imply that there are significant differences between the official and unofficial translations; the official translations aim at domesticating techniques, whereas the unofficial translations are more likely to apply ‘foreignising’ techniques, even at the cost of breaking cultural values of the target culture.
Cognitive value. The Internet has become an inseparable part of modern people’s daily life, yet Internet activities are still not regulated and researched to such a degree as ‘real world’ ones. The study aims at showing differences between the Internet and official translation, however, it is not able to answer the question regarding the roots of these differences. Further inquiries would be necessary in this case – if even possible.
“ANNA KARENINA”- T. STOPPARD VS. L. TOLSTOY
Authors: Gurina EKATERINA 
Published: January 2020

Aim. The aim of the research is to compare Konstantin Levin’s function in the film Anna Karenina(2012) by Joe Wright, the script written by Tom Stoppard and the novel Anna Kareninaby Leo Tolstoy and to determine how much his figure was changed in the film adaptation under the influence of the scriptwriter’s and director’s stance.
Methods. The subjects of the study were the film Anna Karenina (2012) by Joe Wright, the script written by Tom Stoppard and the novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy. They are analysed with the use of the theory of script writing, different types of character classifications and the text corpus analysis, taking into account the cultural, historical and economic features of scriptwriting and film production.
Results. The analysis shows that Konstantin Levin’s function of the second protagonist that is characteristic for the novel is further developed in the screenplay but is omitted in the film. The discrepancies with the source book and the screenplay are caused by the influence of the film director during the film production.
Conclusions. Even though the study considers the texts that are closely interrelated, the individual author’s stance influences the text of the screenplay so much that it gives us an opportunity to call Tom Stoppard, the scriptwriter, a writer in the full sense of the word.
THE IMPACT OF ANXIETY ON SPEAKING IN ADOLESCENT AND ADULT GROUPS OF ENGLISH LEARNERS
Authors: Gosiewska-Turek Bogusława 
Published: January 2020

Aim: The aim of this article is to investigate the interdependence between adolescent and adult students’ anxiety and their foreign language speaking achievements. It has been proved that there is no correlation between adolescent learners’ anxiety and their speaking attainments in a foreign language as well as that there is a weak correlation between adult students’ anxiety and their speaking achievements.
Method: The author of the study employed quantitative research. Data was collected from anxiety questionnaires completed by the students and from achievement sheets filled in by the English teacher based on five-minute speeches performed by adolescent and adult students.
Conclusion: According to the research results, there is no interdependence between adolescent students’ anxiety and their speaking attainments and the correlation between adult students’ anxiety and their speaking achievements is weak. Nevertheless, a number of other studies revealed the interdependence between students’ anxiety and their speaking attainments. Therefore, limitations of the study should be born in mind, and the results of the following study can be applied only to the subjects participating in the study. Hence, it is relevant to repeat the study with larger samples of subjects.