bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical scoring of CD38 in the tumor microenvironment predicts responsiveness to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ng Harry Ho Man , Lee Ren Yuan , Goh Siting , Tay Isabel Shu Ying , Lim Xinru , Lee Bernett , Chew Valerie , Li Huihua , Tan Benedict , Lim Sherlly , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Au Bijin , Loh Josh Jie Hua , Saraf Sahil , Connolly John Edward , Loh Tracy , Leow Wei Qiang , Lee Joycelyn Jie Xin , Toh Han Chong , Malavasi Fabio , Lee Ser Yee , Chow Pierce , Newell Evan W , Choo Su Pin , Tai David , Yeong Joe , Lim Tony Kiat Hon 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality globally. Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) is one of the systemic therapy options for HCC. However, response rates remain low, necessitating robust predictive biomarkers. In the present study, we examined the expression of CD38, a molecule involved in the immunosuppressive adenosinergic pathway, on immune cells present in the tumor microenvironment. We then investigated the association between CD38 and ICB treatment outcomes in advanced HCC.MethodsClinically annotated samples from 49 patients with advanced HCC treated with ICB were analyzed for CD38 expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), multiplex immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) and multiplex cytokine analysis.ResultsIHC and mIHC/IF analyses revealed that higher intratumoral CD38+cell proportion was strongly associated with improved response to ICB. The overall response rates to ICB was significantly higher among patients with high proportion of total CD38+cells compared with patients with low proportion (43.5% vs 3.9%, p=0.019). Higher responses seen among patients with a high intratumoral CD38+cell proportion translated to a longer median progression-free survival (mPFS, 8.21 months vs 1.64 months, p=0.0065) and median overall survival (mOS, 19.06 months vs 9.59 months, p=0.0295). Patients with high CD38+CD68+macrophage density had a better mOS of 34.43 months compared with 9.66 months in patients with low CD38+CD68+macrophage density. CD38himacrophages produce more interferon γ (IFN-γ) and related cytokines, which may explain its predictive value when treated with ICB.ConclusionsA high proportion of CD38+cells, determined by IHC, predicts response to ICB and is associated with superior mPFS and OS in advanced HCC.
Deficits in verbal fluency in presymptomatic C9orf72 mutation gene carriers—a developmental disorder
Authors: Lulé Dorothée E , Müller Hans-Peter , Finsel Julia , Weydt Patrick , Knehr Antje , Winroth Ivar , Andersen Peter , Weishaupt Jochen , Uttner Ingo , Kassubek Jan , Ludolph Albert C 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundA mutation in C9orf72 constitute a cross-link between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto-temporal dementia (FTD). At clinical manifestation, both patient groups may present with either cognitive impairment of predominantly behaviour or language (in FTD) or motor dysfunctions (in ALS).MethodsIn total, 36 non-symptomatic mutation carriers from ALS or FTD families were examined, including 21 subjects with C9orf72 and 15 with SOD1 mutations. Data were compared with 91 age-matched, education-matched and gender-matched healthy subjects (56 were first-degree relatives from ALS or FTD families, 35 with no known family history of ALS/FTD). MRI scanning for diffusion tensor imaging was performed to map fractional anisotropy (FA). Subjects performed an extensive neuropsychological assessment to address verbal fluency, language, executive, memory and visuospatial function. Measurements were repeated after 12 months.ResultsC9orf72 expansion carriers performed significantly worse in verbal fluency and non-verbal memory and presented with distinct alterations in structural white matter integrity indicated by lower FA values in inferior and orbitofrontal cortical areas compared with carriers of SOD1 mutations or healthy subjects. Loss of structural integrity was associated with decreased verbal fluency performance. White matter alterations and cognitive performance showed no changes over 12 months in all subjects.DiscussionReduced verbal fluency performance seems to be a distinct clinical feature of C9orf72 carriers before symptomatic disease onset without evidence for change over time in our cohort. The results support the emerging hypothesis of a general disorder in development in addition to neurodegeneration in C9orf72 carriers.
Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and response to acute cardiac events in three municipalities in Brazil
Authors: Bartlett Emily S , Flor Luisa S , Medeiros Danielle Souto , Colombara Danny V , Johanns Casey K , Camargo Vaz Fernando Antonio , Wilson Shelley , Duber Herbert C 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo conduct a landscape assessment of public knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and acute myocardial infarction symptoms, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillator (AED) awareness and training in three underserved communities in Brazil.MethodsA cross-sectional, population-based survey of non-institutionalised adults age 30 or greater was conducted in three municipalities in Eastern Brazil. Data were analysed as survey-weighted percentages of the sampled populations.Results3035 surveys were completed. Overall, one-third of respondents was unable to identify at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor and 25% unable to identify at least one myocardial infarction symptom. A minority of respondents had received training in CPR or were able to identify an AED. Low levels of education and low socioeconomic status were consistent predictors of lower knowledge levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors, acute coronary syndrome symptoms and CPR and AED use.ConclusionsIn three municipalities in Eastern Brazil, overall public knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and symptoms, as well as knowledge of appropriate CPR and AED use was low. Our findings indicate the need for interventions to improve public knowledge and response to acute cardiovascular events in Brazil as a first step towards improving health outcomes in this population. Significant heterogeneity in knowledge seen across sites and socioeconomic strata indicates a need to appropriately target such interventions.
Decline in stroke alerts and hospitalisations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sharma Malveeka , Lioutas Vasileios-Arsenios , Madsen Tracy , Clark Judith , O'Sullivan Jillian , Elkind Mitchell S. V. , Willey Joshua Z. , Marshall Randolph S. , Selim Magdy H. , Greer David , Tirschwell David L. , Burton Tina , Boehme Amelia , Aparicio Hugo J. 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionPatients with stroke-like symptoms may be underutilising emergency medical services and avoiding hospitalisation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated a decline in admissions for stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and emergency department (ED) stroke alert activations.MethodsWe retrospectively compiled total weekly hospital admissions for stroke and TIA between 31 December 2018 and 21 April 2019 versus 30 December 2019 and 19 April 2020 at five US tertiary academic comprehensive stroke centres in cities with early COVID-19 outbreaks in Boston, New York City, Providence and Seattle. We collected available data on ED stroke alerts, stroke severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and time from symptom onset to hospital arrival.ResultsCompared with 31 December 2018 to 21 April 2019, a decline in stroke/TIA admissions and ED stroke alerts occurred during 30 December 2019 to 19 April 2020 (ptrend <0.001 for each). The declines coincided with state stay-at-home recommendations in late March. The greatest decline in hospital admissions was observed between 23 March and 19 April 2020, with a 31% decline compared with the corresponding weeks in 2019. Three of the five centres with 2019 and 2020 stroke alert data had a 46% decline in ED stroke alerts in late March and April 2020, compared with 2019. Median baseline NIHSS during these 4 weeks was 10 in 2020 and 7 in 2019. There was no difference in time from symptom onset to hospital arrival.ConclusionAt these five large academic US hospitals, admissions for stroke and TIA declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a trend for fewer ED stroke alerts at three of the five centres with available 2019 and 2020 data. Acute stroke therapies are time-sensitive, so decreased healthcare access or utilisation may lead to more disabling or fatal strokes, or more severe non-neurological complications related to stroke. Our findings underscore the indirect effects of this pandemic. Public health officials, hospital systems and healthcare providers must continue to encourage patients with stroke to seek acute care during this crisis.
Exposure to health misinformation about COVID-19 and increased tobacco and alcohol use: a population-based survey in Hong Kong
Authors: Luk Tzu Tsun , Zhao Shengzhi , Weng Xue , Wong Janet Yuen-Ha , Wu Yongda Socrates , Ho Sai Yin , Lam Tai Hing , Wang Man Ping 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionHealth information about COVID-19 has been circulating in social networking sites, including unproven claims that smoking and alcohol drinking could protect against COVID-19. We examined if exposure to such claims was associated with changes in tobacco and alcohol consumption.MethodsWe conducted a population-based, landline and mobile phone survey of 1501 randomly sampled adults aged 18 years or older (47.5% male) in Hong Kong in April 2020. Respondents reported if they had ever seen claims that ‘smoking/alcohol drinking can protect against COVID-19’ from popular social networking platforms. Current tobacco and alcohol users reported if they had increased or reduced their consumption since the outbreak. Prevalence data were weighted by sex, age and education of the general adult population.Results19.0% (95% CI 16.8% to 21.4%) of all respondents reported having seen claims that ‘smoking/alcohol drinking can protect against COVID-19’ from social networking sites. Multinomial logistic regression showed that exposure to the claims was significantly associated with increased tobacco use (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.08 to 5.20) in current tobacco users (N=280) and increased alcohol use (OR 4.16, 95% CI 2.00 to 8.67) in current drinkers (N=722), adjusting for sex, age, education level, alcohol/tobacco use status, home isolation, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and survey method.ConclusionOur results first showed that exposure to health misinformation that smoking/alcohol drinking can protect against COVID-19 was associated with self-reported increases in tobacco and alcohol consumption in Chinese during the pandemic.
Association of
APOL1
Genotypes With Measures of Microvascular and Endothelial Function, and Blood Pressure in MESA
Authors: Chen Teresa K. , Katz Ronit , Estrella Michelle M. , Post Wendy S. , Kramer Holly , Rotter Jerome I. , Tayo Bamidele , Mychaleckyj Josyf C. , Wassel Christina L. , Peralta Carmen A. 
Published: August 2020

Background

APOL1
high‐risk genotypes are associated with increased risk for hypertension‐attributed kidney disease among Black adults in the United States. Biopsy studies show differences in kidney vasculature by
APOL1
status; less is known about the variants' associations with systemic vascular and endothelial function. Whether
APOL1
risk variants are associated with blood pressure (BP) is also uncertain.

Methods and Results

Using linear regression, we examined cross‐sectional associations of
APOL1
risk genotypes (high=2 risk alleles, low=0 or 1 risk allele) with subclinical measures of vascular function (small arterial elasticity, n=1586; large arterial elasticity, n=1586; ascending aortic distensibility, n=985) and endothelial function (flow‐mediated dilation, n=777). Using linear mixed‐effects models, we studied longitudinal associations of
APOL1
risk genotypes with BP (n=1619), adjusting for age, sex, and African ancestry. Among 1619 (12%
APOL1
high‐risk) Black participants in MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), mean age was 62 years old, 58% had hypertension, and mean systolic BP was 131 mm Hg at baseline. At examination 1 (2000–2002), there was no significant difference in small arterial elasticity, large arterial elasticity, ascending aortic distensibility, or flow‐mediated dilation in participants with
APOL1
high‐ versus low‐risk genotypes (
P
>0.05 for all). Over a mean follow‐up of 7.8 years, relative annual changes in systolic and diastolic BP and pulse pressure did not differ significantly by
APOL1
risk status (between‐group differences of −0.20, −0.14, and −0.25, respectively;
P
>0.05 for all).

Conclusions

Among Black participants in MESA,
APOL1
high‐risk genotypes were not associated with subclinical vascular and endothelial function or BP trajectories. The relationship of
APOL1
with kidney disease may be intrinsic to the kidney rather than through peripheral effects on systemic vasculature or BP.
The Purpose of Purification in Leviticus 16: A Proposition Pertaining to Priestly Prepositions
Authors: Baden Joel S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The general function of the ritual described in Leviticus 16 is well known: it removes the impurities and the sins – unintentional and intentional – of the Israelites. A number of factors, however, contribute to obscure both some of the details about how the ritual operates and how it is conceived within the broader priestly ideology. This paper will attempt to clarify some issues relating to this text, with particular attention to the use of prepositions therein.
Did Jesus Anticipate Suffering a Violent Death?
Authors: Barber Michael Patrick 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article enters into the debate over the place of memory studies in Jesus research by examining the question of whether or not Jesus anticipated his demise, analyzing the method and arguments of Dale Allison’s, Constructing Jesus (2010) as a test case. It responds to criticisms of Allison’s work, demonstrating that his approach relies on more than a mere appeal to the general trustworthiness of early memories about Jesus. Although critical of the standard ‘criteria of authenticity,’ Allison makes his case for the eschatological character of Jesus’ perspective by highlighting other indicators of historical plausibility. In sum, this paper demonstrates that memory research has much to offer Jesus studies, though its application must be carefully supplemented with other considerations.
Kinship in the Diplomacy of Theoderic the Great
Authors: Bespalchikova Yana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article addresses the active matrimonial diplomacy of Theoderic the Great, its textual design, kin rhetoric and its possible patterns. The main issue of this article is the attempt to understand whether there were any Germanic patterns of behaviour that correlate with the Latin rhetorical design of Theoderic’s matrimonial diplomacy. The main source used is the Variae, a letter collection of Cassiodorus Senator.
Christian Identity of the Crimean Goths
Authors: Vinogradov Andrey , Korobov Maksim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The newly found Gothic inscriptions from Crimea reopened the question of the Christian identity of the Crimean Goths in its interrelation with the Greek-Byzantine environment. The Mangup graffito I.1 and the Late Medieval inscription from Bakhchysarai both contain the acronymised formula ‘(Saviour) God Jesus’ which we think was a purposeful declaration of the Gothic community’s Orthodox Nicene allegiance. The expanded variant of Ps. 76:15 in the graffito of Mangup proves its liturgical character and the involvement of the Crimean Goths with Byzantine liturgical processes. The alternative counting of weekdays which from the 11th century onwards is epigraphically attesed in the Gothic eparchy in Crimea may have its origin in the Gothic church calendar of the 4th–5th century and have influenced neighbouring peoples of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus.
‘Perfidious Goth’, Holy Martyrs Cult and the Memory of Roman Troops in 5th Century Edessa
Authors: Muravyev Alexey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present article deals with the literary image of a Gothic man who happened to be in Edessa in the 5th century AD as a part of Roman auxiliary troops. He is reported to marry there a local girl under pretext of being a celibatarian. Having left Syria for Gothia, it turned out that he was married and had children. The Syrian wife became a slave and suffered a lot before returning miraculously back to Edessa. From the comparative study of the sources it becomes clear that the Gothic auxiliary troops were summoned to Edessa in connection with the advance of the Huns. Notwithstanding the common equation of Goths and Getae, the Gothic soldier in question was Germanic and not Getan (Dacian). The last question is the character of the marriage gift he presented for his temporary marriage.
Pitch Accent and Melody in Aeschylean Song
Authors: Conser Anna 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article presents empirical evidence that pitch accents played a role in the antistrophic songs of Aeschylus’ tragedies, and argues that the accentual melodies preserved in the texts can usefully contribute to our interpretation of tragic lyric. Following a general Introduction, Section 2 provides an overview of the historical principles by which pitch accent and melody are coordinated in the ancient musical documents, and considers how these principles would apply in the context of tragedy’s antistrophic song. Section 3 presents the results of a computational study of pitch accent responsion across all the extant lyrics of Aeschylus, finding the overall degree of responsion to be statistically significant compared to prose and verse control groups. In Section 4, I demonstrate how the melodic traces preserved in pitch accent patterns can be meaningfully related to the lyrics they accompany, using an example from the Kommos of Libation Bearers (434-43).
A Classical Athenian Grave (No 48, 470–50 BC) and Its Content from the Area between the So-Called ‘Ēriai’ Gate and the Dipylon
Authors: Kokkoliou Antonia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
During a rescue excavation a section of a cemetery dated between the Geometric and Hellenistic periods came to light, approximately 300 metres away from the archaeological site of the Kerameikos, along the ancient road that linked the route of the Dēmosion Sēma with the road that passed through the so-called ‘Ēriai’ Gate, and near the Sanctuary of Artemis Aristē and Callistē. Of the 91 graves that were unearthed, two are of particular interest. This paper offers an in-depth discussion of Grave 48, dated to 470-50 BC, which belongs to a boy aged between ten and thirteen years. The grave contains lekythoi, a strigil, a lyre and an aulos, deposited as grave goods next to his left arm. The grave goods that characterize the life of the dead are buried along with the body and symbolize their unlived future: hence they express the unbounded grief which the death of unmarried young men inevitably causes. The paper attempts to analyse the grave goods as symbols of the life of the deceased, and interpret the presence of the lyre in children’s graves.
Pseudo-Psellus’ Synopsis of Music
Authors: Di Mambro Sofia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on some quotations of Pseudo-Psellus’ treatise on music. Three quotations are provided and discussed: the well-known one by Manuel Bryennius, and two others by Joannes Zonaras and Michael Italicus. The Byzantine tendency to preserve pagan contents within Christian categories, together with the unique presence of this text in the overview of the ancient theoretical tradition, may be the main reasons for its wide circulation in the Byzantine world.
For a Modest Human Exceptionalism
Authors: Kruks Sonia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The “new materialisms” offer an important critique of “human exceptionalism,” challenging deeply held conceptions of “man” as a “sovereign subject.” However, they tend to overstate their claims by ignoring those qualities of freedom that still remain distinctive to human life. This article turns to Beauvoir to make a case for a more “modest” human exceptionalism: while she also grounds the human inextricably in the material, Beauvoir offers fuller resources than do new materialisms for examining human freedom and human responsibility to resist its oppression.
Simone de Beauvoir et les romancières anglo-saxonnes
Authors: Cordet Ambre-Aurélie 
Published: August 2020

Résumé
Dans Le Deuxième Sexe comme dans les Mémoires d’ une jeune fille rangée, Simone de Beauvoir, pour composer ses études de femmes, s’ appuie aussi bien sur des ouvrages considérés comme « sérieux » que sur des romans. Parmi ces derniers, un corpus d’ œuvres de romancières anglo-saxonnes publiées au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles apparaît comme fondamental pour la formation de Beauvoir, à la fois en tant que féministe et en tant qu’ autrice.
Notes on the Typological Prehistory of Ghilyak
Authors: Gruzdeva Ekaterina , Janhunen Juha A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses the typological evolution of Ghilyak (Nivkh), a small “Palaeo-Asiatic” language family also known as Amuric, distributed in the Amur-Sakhalin region of the Russian Far East. In some respects, especially in the phonology, morphophonology, and phonotactics, Ghilyak shows features absent in the other languages of the region, most of which represent the so-called “Altaic” areal-typological complex. At the same time, Ghilyak shares with its neighbours several “Altaic” features, especially in the morphosyntax, including suffixally marked number and case, as well as nominalized and converbialized verbs. An analysis of the data shows that Ghilyak has been affected by at least two processes of typological transformation which have, either successively or in parallel, both “Altaicized” and “de-Altaicized” its linguistic structure. The reasons of these transformations can be sought in the substratal, adstratal, and superstratal impact of the neighbouring “Altaic” and “non-Altaic” languages. This allows us to place the typological prehistory of Ghilyak in a context shared by other languages of the North Pacific Rim, notably Tungusic and Koreanic.
Impact of the Mesoscale Range on Error Growth and the Limits to Atmospheric Predictability
Authors: Leung Tsz Yan , Leutbecher Martin , Reich Sebastian , Shepherd Theodore G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlobal numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have begun to resolve the mesoscale k−5/3 range of the energy spectrum, which is known to impose an inherently finite range of deterministic predictability per se as errors develop more rapidly on these scales than on the larger scales. However, the dynamics of these errors under the influence of the synoptic-scale k−3 range is little studied. Within a perfect-model context, the present work examines the error growth behavior under such a hybrid spectrum in Lorenz’s original model of 1969, and in a series of identical-twin perturbation experiments using an idealized two-dimensional barotropic turbulence model at a range of resolutions. With the typical resolution of today’s global NWP ensembles, error growth remains largely uniform across scales. The theoretically expected fast error growth characteristic of a k−5/3 spectrum is seen to be largely suppressed in the first decade of the mesoscale range by the synoptic-scale k−3 range. However, it emerges once models become fully able to resolve features on something like a 20-km scale, which corresponds to a grid resolution on the order of a few kilometers.