bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Easily Synthesized Ru Catalyst Efficiently Converts Carbonyl Compounds and Ammonia into Primary Amines
Authors: Pan Jia‐Sheng , Zhang Rui , Ma Shuang‐Shuang , Han Li‐Jun , Xu Bao‐Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn easily synthesized ruthenium(II) complex was developed for the direct reductive amination of both aldehydes and ketones with H2 and ammonia. The intramolecular carboxylate‐assisted hydrogenation fashion was found compatible with the amination between carbonyl substrates and ammonia, enabling a high selectivity toward primary amines. Varied primary amines were obtained with a turnover numbers (TON) up to 376.
Porphyrinic Metal‐Organic Frameworks Derived Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Mei Hong‐Min , Li Shuai , Dong Ju‐Rong , Zhang Li , Su Cheng‐Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrogen is a renewable, secure and environmentally friendly source of energy, and thus it is important to find an effective way to prepare hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. Herein, we report a strategy to prepare noble metal‐decorated porous carbon‐based nanomaterials by direct carbonization of porphyrinic metal‐organic frameworks of M‐PCN‐222(Hf) that are also denoted as M‐PMOF‐2(Hf) (M=Rh, Ir or Pt) at an elevated temperature under an Ar atmosphere. The M‐PCN‐222(Hf) samples with the nanorod shape are synthesized by the self‐assembly of M‐TCPP (TCPP=tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) and HfCl4, and the noble metals within the frameworks are uniformly dispersed at the atomic level. Through pyrolysis at 600, 700 or 800 °C and followed by acid etching with HF, noble metal‐decorated porous carbon‐based nanomaterials that are termed as M‐PCN‐222(Hf)‐T (T is the pyrolysis temperature) are obtained, in which the noble metal nanoparticles are dispersed uniformly within the porphyrin ligand‐derived nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix. Inheriting the structural characteristics of the MOF template, M‐PCN‐222(Hf)‐T display relatively high BET surfaces up to 310 m2⋅g−1 and large mesopores with an average pore diameter around 6 nm. Catalytic results show that the prepared M‐PCN‐222(Hf)‐T samples display high HER catalytic activities in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution (pH=0.36).
Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors:   The WAPM (World Association of Perinatal Medicine) Working Group on COVID‐19
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsThis was a multinational retrospective cohort study including women with a singleton pregnancy and laboratory‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, conducted in 72 centers in 22 different countries in Europe, the USA, South America, Asia and Australia, between 1 February 2020 and 30 April 2020. Confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was defined as a positive result on real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite measure of maternal mortality and morbidity, including admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), use of mechanical ventilation and death.ResultsIn total, 388 women with a singleton pregnancy tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 on RT‐PCR of a nasopharyngeal swab and were included in the study. Composite adverse maternal outcome was observed in 47/388 (12.1%) women; 43 (11.1%) women were admitted to the ICU, 36 (9.3%) required mechanical ventilation and three (0.8%) died. Of the 388 women included in the study, 122 (31.4%) were still pregnant at the time of data analysis. Among the other 266 women, six (19.4% of the 31 women with first‐trimester infection) had miscarriage, three (1.1%) had termination of pregnancy, six (2.3%) had stillbirth and 251 (94.4%) delivered a liveborn infant. The rate of preterm birth before 37 weeks' gestation was 26.3% (70/266). Of the 251 liveborn infants, 69/251 (27.5%) were admitted to the neonatal ICU, and there were five (2.0%) neonatal deaths. The overall rate of perinatal death was 4.1% (11/266). Only one (1/251, 0.4%) infant, born to a mother who tested positive during the third trimester, was found to be positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 on RT‐PCR.ConclusionsSARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pregnant women is associated with a 0.8% rate of maternal mortality, but an 11.1% rate of admission to the ICU. The risk of vertical transmission seems to be negligible. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Smart Climate Resilient and Efficient Integrated Waste to Clean Energy System in a Developing Country: Industry 4.0
Authors: Matheri Anthony Njuguna , Mohamed Belaid , Ngila Jane Catherine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate change impacts a natural and human system on the entire globe. Climate-related extreme weather such as drought, floods, and heat waves alters the ecosystems that society depends on. Climate, land, energy, and water systems (CLEWS) are a critical aspect of high importance on resource availability, distribution, and interconnection. The nexus provides a set of guidelines to South Africa that aims on creating a level playing field for all sectors while achieving the aims of the SDGs that are cross-sectoral and multilevel approaches to climate change. The nexus expressed three domains that included resources, governance, and security. It integrated a smart climate resilient with inclusion of the governance and involvement of the stakeholders. Recognition of spatial and sector interdependencies should inform policies, investment and institutional for enhancing nexus security and climate change towards making transition green carbon deals. The nexus offers an integrated approach that analyzes the trade-offs and synergies between the different sectors in order to maximize the efficiency of using the resources that adapt institutional and optimum policy arrangements. Economic transformation and creation of employment through green economy is one of the COP26 green deal agendas in curbing the carbon emissions (green house emission, industrial processes, fuel combustion, and fugitive emissions) as mitigation to climate change, which is cost-effective and economically efficient. The future climate change policy in the developing countries is likely to be both promoted by climate technology transfer and public-private cooperation (cross-sector partnership) through the technology mechanism of the nexus and inclusion of the gender.
Induction and transmission of oncogene-induced senescence
Authors: Rattanavirotkul Nattaphong , Kirschner Kristina , Chandra Tamir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSenescence is a cellular stress response triggered by diverse stressors, including oncogene activation, where it serves as a bona-fide tumour suppressor mechanism. Senescence can be transmitted to neighbouring cells, known as paracrine secondary senescence. Secondary senescence was initially described as a paracrine mechanism, but recent evidence suggests a more complex scenario involving juxtacrine communication between cells. In addition, single-cell studies described differences between primary and secondary senescent end-points, which have thus far not been considered functionally distinct. Here we discuss emerging concepts in senescence transmission and heterogeneity in primary and secondary senescence on a cellular and organ level.
Postpunktioneller Kopfschmerz nach rückenmarknahen Anästhesieverfahren: Inzidenz und Risikofaktoren
Authors: Weinrich J. , von Heymann C. , Henkelmann A. , Balzer F. , Obbarius A. , Ritschl P. V. , Spies C. , Niggemann P. , Kaufner L. 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund/Ziel der Arbeit
Der postpunktionelle Kopfschmerz (PKS) ist eine Komplikation nach rückenmarknahen Verfahren (RA) mit erheblichem Krankheitswert. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, die Inzidenz des PKS in 2 großen operativen Kollektiven zu untersuchen, mögliche Risikofaktoren zu identifizieren und den Einfluss auf die Krankenhausverweildauer zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
In einer retrospektiven Analyse des Zeitraums 2010–2012 wurden 341 unfallchirurgische (UCH) und 2113 geburtsmedizinische (GEB) Patient*innen nach Spinalanästhesie (SPA) analysiert. In der statistischen Auswertung (SPSS-23) kamen univariate Analysen mittels Mann-Whitney-U-, Chi2- und Student’s t‑Test sowie logistische Regressionsanalysen zur Anwendung.

Ergebnisse
Die Inzidenz des PKS betrug in der UCH-Gruppe 5,9 % und in der GEB-Gruppe 1,8 %. Patient*innen mit PKS in der UCH wiesen ein jüngeres Patientenalter (38 vs. 47 Jahre, p = 0,011), einen geringeren BMI (23,5 vs. 25,2, p = 0,037) sowie ein niedrigeres Köpergewicht (70,5 kg vs. 77 kg, p = 0,006) als Patient*innen ohne PKS auf. Dabei konnten das Alter mit einer „odds ratio“ (OR 97,5 % Konfidenzintervall [KI]) von 0,963 (97,5% KI 0,932–0,991, p = 0,015) und das Köpergewicht mit einer OR von 0,956 (97,5 % KI 0,920–0,989, p = 0,014) als unabhängige Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung eines PKS identifiziert werden. In der GEB wies die SPA eine höhere Inzidenz des PKS auf als die kombinierte Spinalepiduralanästhesie (CSE) (8,6 % vs. 1,2 %, p < 0,001). Dabei erwies sich das Verfahren mit einer OR von 0,049 (97,5 % KI 0,023–0,106, p < 0,001) als unabhängiger Risikofaktor für die Entstehung eines PKS. In beiden Gruppen war der PKS mit einem verlängerten Krankenhausaufenthalt assoziiert (UCH-Gruppe 4 vs. 2 Tage, p = 0,001; GEB-Gruppe 6 vs. 4 Tage, p < 0.0005).

Diskussion
Die Inzidenz des PKS nach SPA/CSE war in unserer Untersuchung in den beschriebenen Patientengruppen unterschiedlich, mit einem deutlich höheren Anteil in der UCH-Gruppe. Alter, Konstitution und Verfahren waren hinweisgebende Risikofaktoren eines PKS. In Anbetracht der funktionellen Einschränkungen (Mobilisation, Versorgung des Neugeborenen) und des verlängerten Krankenhausaufenthalts, sollten zukünftige Studien eine frühe Behandlung des PKS untersuchen.
On the existence of Kobayashi and Bergman metrics for Model domains
Authors: Shcherbina Nikolay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe prove that for a pseudoconvex domain of the form $${\mathfrak {A}} = \{(z, w) \in {\mathbb {C}}^2 : v > F(z, u)\}$$

A
=
{

(
z
,
w
)

∈

C

2

:
v
>
F

(
z
,
u
)

}

, where $$w = u + iv$$

w
=
u
+
i
v

and F is a continuous function on $${\mathbb {C}}_z \times {\mathbb {R}}_u$$

C
z

×

R
u

, the following conditions are equivalent:

The domain $$\mathfrak {A}$$
A
is Kobayashi hyperbolic.

The domain $$\mathfrak {A}$$
A
is Brody hyperbolic.

The domain $$\mathfrak {A}$$
A
possesses a Bergman metric.

The domain $$\mathfrak {A}$$
A
possesses a bounded smooth strictly plurisubharmonic function, i.e. the core $$\mathfrak {c}(\mathfrak {A})$$

c
(
A
)

of $$\mathfrak {A}$$
A
is empty.

The graph $$\Gamma (F)$$

Γ
(
F
)

of F can not be represented as a foliation by holomorphic curves of a very special form, namely, as a foliation by translations of the graph $$\Gamma ({\mathcal H})$$

Γ
(
H
)

of just one entire function $${\mathcal {H}} : {\mathbb {C}}_z \rightarrow {\mathbb {C}}_w$$

H
:

C
z

→

C
w

.
(+)-[18F]Flubatine as a novel α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor PET ligand—results of the first-in-human brain imaging application in patients with β-amyloid PET-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls
Authors: Tiepolt Solveig , Becker Georg-Alexander , Wilke Stephan , Cecchin Diego , Rullmann Michael , Meyer Philipp M. , Barthel Henryk , Hesse Swen , Patt Marianne , Luthardt Julia , Wagenknecht Gudrun , Sattler Bernhard , Deuther-Conrad Winnie , Ludwig Friedrich-Alexander , Fischer Steffen , Gertz Hermann-Josef , Smits René , Hoepping Alexander , Steinbach Jörg , Brust Peter , Sabri Osama 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purposes
We present the first in-human brain PET imaging data of the new α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)–targeting radioligand (+)-[18F]Flubatine. Aims were to develop a kinetic modeling-based approach to quantify (+)-[18F]Flubatine and compare the data of healthy controls (HCs) and patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD); to investigate the partial volume effect (PVE) on regional (+)-[18F]Flubatine binding; and whether (+)-[18F]Flubatine binding and cognitive test data respective β-amyloid radiotracer accumulation were correlated.

Methods
We examined 11 HCs and 9 mild AD patients. All subjects underwent neuropsychological testing and [11C]PiB PET/MRI examination. (+)-[18F]Flubatine PET data were evaluated using full kinetic modeling and regional as well as voxel-based analyses.

Results
With 270-min p.i., the unchanged parent compound amounted to 97 ± 2%. Adequate fits of the time-activity curves were obtained with the 1 tissue compartment model (1TCM). (+)-[18F]Flubatine distribution volume (binding) was significantly reduced in bilateral mesial temporal cortex in AD patients compared with HCs (right 10.6 ± 1.1 vs 11.6 ± 1.4, p = 0.049; left 11.0 ± 1.1 vs 12.2 ± 1.8, p = 0.046; one-sided t tests each). PVE correction increased not only (+)-[18F]Flubatine binding of approximately 15% but also standard deviation of 0.4–70%. Cognitive test data and (+)-[18F]Flubatine binding were significantly correlated in the left anterior cingulate, right posterior cingulate, and right parietal cortex (r > 0.5, p < 0.05 each). In AD patients, (+)-[18F]Flubatine binding and [11C]PiB standardized uptake value ratios were negatively correlated in several regions; whereas in HCs, a positive correlation between cortical (+)-[18F]Flubatine binding and [11C]PiB accumulation in the white matter was found. No adverse event related to (+)-[18F]Flubatine occurred.

Conclusion
(+)-[18F]Flubatine is a safe and stable PET ligand. Full kinetic modeling can be realized by 1TCM without metabolite correction. (+)-[18F]Flubatine binding affinity was high enough to detect group differences. Of interest, correlation between white matter β-amyloid PET uptake and (+)-[18F]Flubatine binding indicated an association between white matter integrity and availability of α4β2 nAChRs. Overall, (+)-[18F]Flubatine showed favorable characteristics and has therefore the potential to serve as α4β2 nAChR–targeting PET ligand in further clinical trials.
Injection of Aquafilling® for Breast Augmentation Causes Inflammatory Responses Independent of Visible Symptoms
Authors: Chalcarz Michał , Żurawski Jakub 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
A major concern related to modern surgery is to evaluate and address the complications associated with breast enlargement using Aquafilling® injection. This study aimed to assess the effect of Aquafilling® injection on immune response in such patients.

Methods
For four patients who consulted a surgeon after receiving Aquafilling® injection, medical history of the patients was taken; based on imaging examinations, Aquafilling® was removed. Samples were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. For detecting tissue antigens in histopathological samples, monoclonal antibodies against CD3 (lymphocytes T), CD 20 (lymphocytes B), and CD68 (macrophages) were used. By analyzing the images, the number of immune cells (lymphocytes T, lymphocytes B, and macrophages) and immunohistochemical reaction area were semiquantitatively evaluated.

Results
Different clinical features were observed in each patient after receiving Aquafilling® injection. In samples obtained from four patients, lymphocytes T (CD3), lymphocytes B (CD20), and macrophages (CD68) tissue expressions were observed. Statistically significant variations in the number of lymphocytes B (CD20) and macrophages (CD68), and differentiation of immunohistochemical reaction area for lymphocytes T (CD3) and lymphocytes B (CD20) were observed.

Conclusions
Inflammation is elevated in patients who received Aquafilling® injection. Medical imaging should be carried out in all such patients even if there are no visible symptoms. Removal of Aquafilling® can reduce the inflammation and risk of neoplastic progression in the patients. The influence of time elapsed since Aquafilling® injection and intensity of immune response requires further validation.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Therapeuteneffekte bei der ambulanten Behandlung sozialer Ängste
Authors: Altmann Uwe , Schwartz Brian , Schönherr Desiree , Rubel Julian , Stangier Ulrich , Lutz Wolfgang , Strauß Bernhard 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Studie untersuchte Therapeuteneffekte bei der Psychotherapie der sozialen Angststörung unter Verwendung von 3 methodischen Ansätzen: 1. Varianzen zufälliger Effekte, 2. Effekte soziodemografischer Variablen und 3. eine Disaggregation von therapeutischer Beziehung und nonverbaler Synchronisation in einen „Between“- und einen „Within“-Anteil der Therapeutenvarianz sowie deren Vorhersage des Outcome.

Material und Methoden
Die Patienten wurden mit manualisierter supportiver-expressiver Therapie (n = 54), manualisierter kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie (n = 102) oder naturalistischer kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie (n = 111) behandelt (insgesamt n = 267). Es wurden Patientenbeurteilungen interpersonaler Probleme (Inventar zur Erfassung interpersonaler Probleme, IIP-32), von Depressionssymptomen (Beck-Depressions-Inventar, BDI) und der therapeutischen Beziehung (Helping Alliance Questionnaire, HAQ) erfasst. Die nonverbale Synchronisation wurde mithilfe der Motion Energy Analysis und zeitreihenanalytischer Verfahren quantifiziert. Die Zusammenhangsanalysen erfolgten mit Mehrebenenmodellen.

Ergebnisse
Alter und Geschlecht des Therapeuten waren nicht prädiktiv für die zum Therapieende gemessenen IIP-32- und BDI-Werte. Therapeuteneffekte in Form zufälliger Effekte (Intra-Klassen-Korrelation [ICC] = 23,4 % bzw. 30,1 %) erklärten ein Vielfaches mehr an Outcome-Varianz als das Therapieverfahren (ICC = 6 % bzw. ICC = 1,6 %). Bei der nonverbalen Synchronisation waren Between-therapist- und Within-therapist-Anteil mit der Reduktion des IIP-32 assoziiert. Der Between-therapist-Anteil des HAQ sagte eine Reduktion des BDI vorher.

Schlussfolgerung
Bei der Behandlung sozialer Ängste sind Therapeuteneffekte bedeutsamer als das Therapieverfahren. Desgleichen waren die Therapeutenanteile bei den prozessrelevanten Variablen therapeutische Beziehung und nonverbale Synchronisation bedeutsamer als die patienten- bzw. dyadenspezifischen Anteile.
Effect of lateral reinforcements on the adhesion and friction of micropillar adhesives
Authors: van Assenbergh Peter , Zhang Kai , Buijnsters Josephus G. , Dodou Dimitra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicropillar adhesives have gained increasing attention because they generate high pull-off forces. The generation of high friction, however, has been proven difficult with such geometries, because micropillars tend to buckle under shear loading. Here, we fabricated orthogonal arrays of composite poly-dimethoxysiloxane (PDMS) micropillars with a stiff core and spin-coated them with PDMS solutions to form a soft coating, as well as bridges between neighboring micropillars. We used 10 wt% and 5 wt% PDMS solution to obtain thick or thin bridges, respectively. The micropillars had an average height of about 60 µm and a diameter of 40 µm. Adhesion and friction measurements were performed with three types of adhesives (i.e., without bridges and with either thin or thick bridges) as well as unpatterned samples as reference, on stiff glass substrates and on deformable PDMS substrates. We found that, on PDMS substrates, bridging resulted in increased friction, compared to non-bridged micropillars. Friction increased with increasing bridge thickness, presumably due to buckling prevention. The adhesives were also subjected to 99 repeating friction cycles to test the effect of micropillar bridging on the durability of the adhesives. The results showed that adhesives with thick micropillar bridges preserved their friction performance over the cycles, whereas adhesives with no bridges or thin bridges exhibited a gradual decay of friction.
Atmospheric dynamics of extreme discharge events from 1979 to 2016 in the southern Central Andes
Authors: Castino F. , Bookhagen B. , de la Torre A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring the South-American Monsoon season, deep convective systems occur at the eastern flank of the Central Andes leading to heavy rainfall and flooding. We investigate the large- and meso-scale atmospheric dynamics associated with extreme discharge events (> 99.9th percentile) observed in two major river catchments meridionally stretching from humid to semi-arid conditions in the southern Central Andes. Based on daily gauge time series and ERA-Interim reanalysis, we made the following three key observations: (1) for the period 1940–2016 daily discharge exhibits more pronounced variability in the southern, semi-arid than in the northern, humid catchments. This is due to a smaller ratio of discharge magnitudes between intermediate (0.2 year return period) and rare events (20 year return period) in the semi-arid compared to the humid areas; (2) The climatological composites of the 40 largest discharge events showed characteristic atmospheric features of cold surges based on 5-day time-lagged sequences of geopotential height at different levels in the troposphere; (3) A subjective classification revealed that 80% of the 40 largest discharge events are mainly associated with the north-northeastward migration of frontal systems and 2/3 of these are cold fronts, i.e. cold surges. This work highlights the importance of cold surges and their related atmospheric processes for the generation of heavy rainfall events and floods in the southern Central Andes.
Patient perspectives on the therapeutic profile of botulinum neurotoxin type A in cervical dystonia
Authors: Comella Cynthia , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Pain Emilie , Azoulai Marion , Om Savary 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) is an effective pharmacological treatment for the management of cervical dystonia (CD) that requires repeated administration at variable intervals. We explored patient perceptions of the impact of CD and the waning of BoNT-A therapeutic effects.

Methods
An internet-based survey was conducted through Carenity, a global online patient community, from May to September 2019. Eligible respondents were adults with CD who had ≥ 2 previous BoNT-A injections.

Results
209 respondents (81% females; mean age of 49.7 years) met the screening criteria. The mean BoNT-A injection frequency was 3.9 injections/year. The mean reported onset of BoNT-A therapeutic effect was 11.7 days and the time to peak effect was 4.5 weeks. Symptom re-emergence between injections was common (88%); the time from injection to symptom re-emergence was 73.6 days (~ 10.5 weeks). Treatment was not reported to completely abolish symptoms, even at peak effect. However, symptom severity was rated (0 = no symptoms; 10 = very strong symptoms) as lowest at the peak of treatment effects (mean scores ~ 3/10), increasing as the effects of treatment start waning (~ 5.5/10) and was strongest one day before the next session (~ 7–8/10). The impact of CD on quality of life followed the same ‘rollercoaster’ pattern.

Conclusions
This survey highlights the burden of CD symptoms, even in patients undergoing regular treatment. Symptom re-emergence is common and has significant impact on daily activities and quality of life. Greater awareness of the therapeutic profile of BoNT-A treatment should lead to better informed therapeutic discussions and planning.