bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of brand origin and country-of-manufacture on consumers' institutional perceptions and purchase decision-making
Authors: Chen Shijiao , Wright Malcolm J. , Gao Hongzhi , Liu Huan , Mather Damien 
Published: August 2020

PurposeIndustry-wide crises involving consumer products place consumers at risk. Consumers rely on institutions that constrain corporate practice and control product quality to reduce risk. As institutions vary by country, country-of-origin (COO) acts as a salient cue for consumers to identify institutional quality and thus evaluate risk when making purchase decisions. However, in the era of globalisation, identification of institutional quality becomes complex as global value chains involve different countries such as brand origin (BO) and country-of-manufacture (COM). Therefore, this research investigates how BO and COM individually and jointly affect consumers' institutional perceptions and subsequent purchase decision-making in the presence of systemic risk.Design/methodology/approachThis research includes three studies (n = 764) employing surveys and choice modelling experiments with samples from China and the USA.FindingsThe results show that BO and COM relate to different institutional perceptions. BO evokes perceptions of legitimacy and the regulatory environment, while COM evokes perceptions of the normative and the regulatory environment. The combination of BO and COM determines how institutional quality is communicated and further affects consumers' legitimacy perceptions, preferences and willingness to pay a price premium.Originality/valueThis research contributes to understanding the effect of BO and COM in the context of complex value chains from an institutional perspective. It also provides implications for leveraging complex COO cues with BO and COM information to improve consumers' institutional perceptions.
Application of capital structure theories: a systematic review
Authors: Bajaj Yukti , Kashiramka Smita , Singh Shveta 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe present study aims to analyse the literature on capital structure theories for the last 21 years to identify the existing gaps and themes for prospective researchers in this domain.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 183 articles published from 1999 to 2019 in the Scopus database using “capital structure theory” and “leverage” as keywords was analysed on various basis. A citation analysis was also performed to recognize impactful authors and papers.FindingsThe findings revealed that though the capital structure research studies were highly focussed on developed economies, with time, research studies in developing markets are increasing. Further, the capital structure research studies were largely conducted by considering all the industries together, whereas the focus on a particular industrial sector was meagre. Almost all the studies were empirical, thus providing scope for primary research. Various forms of regression were popular econometric techniques used in this area of late. This review highlighted the dominance of trade-off theory to elucidate the capital structure of firms, irrespective of the status of the economy. The comprehensive review uncovered the existing gaps and identified major themes evolving in the capital structure domain.Originality/valueUnlike a traditional review paper, this study classifies sample articles based on several parameters and depicts a graphical presentation of the findings to cover research gaps, avenues, evolving themes, key aspects, impactful authors and their papers, etc. in the capital structure domain. It provides ready-made information available for prospective research studies in this field.
Compliance of accessibility in tourism websites: a pledge towards disability
Authors: Singh Ranjit , Ismail Abid , PS Sibi , Singh Dipendra 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the US states and territories’ official tourism information websites based on the Web Content Accessibility Guideline (WCAG) and Section 508 guidelines to identify the compliance of websites towards disabilities policies and their behaviour pattern.Design/methodology/approachThe official tourism websites of 57 states and territories were analysed through the TAW tool for WCAG 2.0 and AChecker for Section 508. Cluster analysis was used to produce a group of websites underlying the accessibility issues obtained from the online tool to understand the common pattern of behaviour.FindingsThe result revealed that websites have serious and significant accessibility issues underlying the prescribed guidelines that would interfere with the use of the website by disabled people. The main issues that make the website least accessible focussed on the following guideline of WCAG 2.0: compatible, navigable, text alternative, distinguishable and adaptable.Research limitations/implicationsThe empirical results provide the US states and territories’ tourism authority to better understand web accessibility in their websites and its impact on disabled people.Originality/valueAs the web plays an important role in individual lives, this study highlights the accessibility issues which need immediately focussed and technically planned actions from the respective states and territories to ensure that designed web content should communicate effectively and universally.
Determinants of heterogeneity in investors' opinions on IPO valuation: evidence from the Pakistan stock market
Authors: Mehmood Waqas , Mohd-Rashid Rasidah , Che-Yahya Norliza , Ong Chui Zi 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis study investigated the effect of pricing mechanism and oversubscription on the heterogeneity of investors' opinions on initial public offering (IPO) valuation.Design/methodology/approachBesides the ordinary least square method, this study incorporated robust least square, stepwise least square and quantile regression methods to investigate the aftermarket behaviour of investors using the price range on the first day of trading of 82 IPOs listed on the Pakistan stock exchange.FindingsThe aftermarket behaviour of investors was found to be significantly influenced by the pricing mechanism, oversubscription, financial leverage, political stability and the risk of IPO, whereas control of corruption showed an insignificant impact. Concurrently, the findings showed that pricing mechanism and oversubscription played a crucial role in determining the intensity of investors' heterogeneous opinions at high levels of significance.Originality/valuePricing mechanism and oversubscription not only signal the quality of IPOs but also provide an important means for reducing the information asymmetry associated with new listings. Based on the literature review, it was found that both the pricing mechanism and oversubscription have yet to be explored in investigating the aftermarket behaviour of investors using the price range in the Pakistan IPO market. This study suggests that book building pricing mechanism and oversubscription are associated with lower heterogeneity in investors’ opinions at a high level of significance.
Loss of troponin‐T labelling in endomyocardial biopsies of cardiac transplant patients is associated with increased rejection grading
Authors: Isaacson Mikaiah , Gibbs Helen , Ruygrok Peter N. , Crossman David J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAcute cellular rejection after cardiac transplantation surgery is routinely monitored by pathological assessment of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) histology of endomyocardial biopsies (EMB). Unfortunately, there is considerable variation in the diagnosis of rejection that has been attributed to the subjectivity involved in assessing the degree of (a) inflammatory infiltrate and (b) myocyte damage. In this work, we sought to investigate the potential of high contrast confocal microscopy for numerically assessing inflammatory infiltrate and myocyte damage in EMB histology. Confocal microscopy was used to capture images from EMB fluorescently labelled for nuclei (DAPI), f‐actin (phalloidin), troponin‐T (anti‐body), and extracellular matrix and cell border (wheat germ agglutinin). Images from 28 biopsy procedures were captured. Standard pathological grading of H&E histology identified the following rejection gradings: 6 0R, 16 1R, 6 2R and no 3R. Confocal imaging was able to identify equivalent features of rejection provided by H&E histology but at higher contrast facilitating quantification. Lymphocytic infiltrate was calculated as the ratio of non‐myocyte nuclei to total nuclei. This metric was found to be significantly higher in the biopsies from 2R patients compared to both 1R and 0R patients (P < .05). Myocyte damage was quantified as the loss of troponin‐T labelling normalised to f‐actin labelling. This metric of myocyte damage found significantly lower amounts of troponin‐T in the biopsies from 2R patients compared to those with a 0R rejection grading (P < .05). Confocal imaging and simple image processing routines show potential for numerically assessing both inflammatory infiltrate and myocyte damage in endomyocardial biopsy.
Anaerobic biodegradation of phenanthrene by a newly isolated nitrate‐dependent Achromobacter denitrificans strain PheN1 and exploration of the biotransformation processes by metabolite and genome analyses
Authors: Zhang Zuotao , Sun Jiao , Guo Haijiao , Wang Chongyang , Fang Tingting , Rogers Matthew J. , He Jianzhong , Wang Hui 
Published: August 2020

SummaryPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread and harmful contaminants and are more persistent under anaerobic conditions. The bioremediation of PAHs in anaerobic zones has been enhanced by treating the contamination with nitrate, which is thermodynamically favourable, cost‐effective, and highly soluble. However, anaerobic PAHs biotransformation processes that employ nitrate as an electron acceptor have not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated the anaerobic biotransformation of PAHs by strain PheN1, a newly isolated phenanthrene‐degrading denitrifier, using phenanthrene as a model compound. PheN1 is phylogenetically closely related to Achromobacter denitrificans and reduces nitrate to nitrite (not N2) during the anaerobic phenanthrene degradation process. Phenanthrene biotransformation processes were detected using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and were further examined by reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR and genome analyses. Carboxylation and methylation were both found to be the initial steps in the phenanthrene degradation process. Downstream biotransformation processed benzene compounds and cyclohexane derivatives. This study describes the isolation of an anaerobic phenanthrene‐degrading bacterium along with the pure‐culture evidence of phenanthrene biotransformation processes with nitrate as an electron acceptor. The findings in this study can improve our understanding of anaerobic PAHs biodegradation processes and guide PAHs bioremediation by adding nitrate to anaerobic environments.
Groundwater promotes emergence of asporogenic mutants of emetic Bacillus cereus
Authors: Rousset Ludivine , Alpha‐Bazin Béatrice , Château Alice , Armengaud Jean , Clavel Thierry , Berge Odile , Duport Catherine 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBacillus cereus is a ubiquitous endospore‐forming bacterium, which mainly affects humans as a food‐borne pathogen. Bacillus cereus can contaminate groundwater used to irrigate food crops. Here, we examined the ability of the emetic strain B. cereus F4810/72 to survive abiotic conditions encountered in groundwater. Our results showed that vegetative B. cereus cells rapidly evolved in a mixed population composed of endospores and asporogenic variants bearing spo0A mutations. One asporogenic variant, VAR‐F48, was isolated and characterized. VAR‐F48 can survive in sterilized groundwater over a long period in a vegetative form and has a competitive advantage compared to its parental strain. Proteomics analysis allowed us to quantify changes to cellular and exoproteins after 24 and 72 h incubation in groundwater, for VAR‐F48 compared to its parental strain. The results revealed a significant re‐routing of the metabolism in the absence of Spo0A. We concluded that VAR‐F48 maximizes its energy use to deal with oligotrophy, and the emergence of spo0A‐mutated variants may contribute to the persistence of emetic B. cereus in natural oligotrophic environments.
Formation of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles mediates cadmium resistance and light utilization of the deep‐sea bacterium Idiomarina sp. OT37‐5b
Authors: Ma Ning , Sha Zhongli , Sun Chaomin 
Published: August 2020

SummaryHeavy metal is one of the major factors threatening the survival of microorganisms. Here, a deep‐sea bacterium designated Idiomarina sp. OT37‐5b possessing strong cadmium (Cd) tolerance was isolated from a typical hydrothermal vent. Both the Cd‐resistance and removal efficiency of Idiomarina sp. OT37‐5b were significantly promoted by the supplement of cysteine and meanwhile large amount of CdS nanoparticles were observed. Production of H2S from cysteine catalysed by methionine gamma‐lyase was further demonstrated to contribute to the formation of CdS nanoparticles. Proteomic results showed the addition of cysteine effectively enhanced the efflux of Cd, improved the activities of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, and thereby boosted the nitrogen reduction and energy production of Idiomarina sp. OT37‐5b. Notably, the existence of CdS nanoparticles obviously promoted the growth of Idiomarina sp. OT37‐5b when exposed to light, indicating this bacterium might grab light energy through CdS nanoparticles. Proteomic analysis revealed the expression levels of essential components for light utilization including electron transport, cytochrome complex and F‐type ATPase were significantly up‐regulated, which strongly suggested the formation of CdS nanoparticles promoted light utilization and energy production. Our results provide a good model to investigate the uncovered mechanisms of self‐photosensitization of nonphotosynthetic bacteria for light‐to‐chemical production in the deep biosphere.
The Regulation of Third Party Campaigning in UK Elections
Authors: Rowbottom Jacob 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article looks at the regulation of third parties in UK election law. During the 2019 general election campaign, media reports noted an increase in non‐party organisations spending money on electoral advertisements on social media. Such advertisements raised a number of ethical questions, related to spending, transparency, and the content of the messages. Despite such recent concerns, third party electoral activity in the UK is not new, and the existing legal framework regulates campaign spending. That framework has its roots in Victorian‐era election law and has been periodically updated. This article will look at the challenges in designing laws to regulate third party electoral activity, as a difficult line has to be drawn to ensure the laws are effective, while at the same time not imposing too many burdens on independent political activity. Moreover, the move to digital campaigning poses some further challenges, such as monitoring compliance by third party campaigners. While there are no simple solutions to some of the issues raised by third party electoral activity, this article will note some of the measures that could at least improve the transparency of such campaigning.
Mind the Values Gap
Authors: Denham John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMinds the Values Gap, a report published by The UK in a Changing Europe, highlights the poor alignment of the values expressed within the major parties by their MPs and their activists, with those voters who support them. Voters as a whole tend to the left on economic values, and to the authoritarian on social values. Although the data imply that it is the social authoritarianism that defines both Leave voters and Labour–Conservative switchers, this response argues that issues of national identity, democracy and sovereignty are neglected in that analysis.
Corruption impacting regional economic growth: A dynamic panel data analysis for the case of Vietnam
Authors: Truong Hoa T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study analyses the effects of corruption on Vietnamese provinces and cities’ economic growth using a dynamic panel data analysis with a system generalized method of moments approach. Although this study investigates both the direct and indirect effects of corruption, it focuses more on the direct effects. The estimation results consistently support the assertion that, in general, corruption is detrimental to economic growth. Disaggregating this total effect, however, reveals more noteworthy issues in the Vietnamese context. Corruption directly impedes growth rates by reducing the efficiency of investments, and this effect is more intense in provinces and cities with higher investment rates. However, the adverse direct impact of corruption may be alleviated by its positive impact on investment rates, which is an unexpected finding.
Sorting Out Mixtures of Property at Common Law
Authors: Waghorn Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article asks a simple question: when indistinguishable items of personal property owned by A and by B are mixed together, what rights do A and B have in relation to the resultant mass? It is argued that there is insufficient evidence in the positive law to provide any convincing answer to this question, and so it is asked which interpretation that can be drawn out from the law ought to be adopted. It will be shown that – both in relation to mixtures of goods and mixtures of cash – a rule of co‐ownership is to be preferred. The article's framework of analysis will be of interest to all those concerned by the relatively sparse case law that deals with foundational principles of personal property, and can help to guide a way forward in other contexts where the cases are silent, muddled, or fail to speak with one voice.
Multi‐Rater Agreement Using the Adapted Fracture Healing Scale (AFHS) for the Assessment of Tubular Bones on Conventional Radiographs: Preliminary Study*
Authors: Tritella Stefania , Obertová Zuzana , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Collini Federica , Cristini Enrica , Amadasi Alberto , Ciprandi Barbara , Spairani Riccardo , Albano Domenico , Viero Alessia , Cappella Annalisa , Cammilli Paolo , Sardanelli Francesco , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBetter understanding of the timing of fracture healing may help in cases of interpersonal violence but also of personal identification. The intra‐ and inter‐rater agreement for the adapted fracture healing scale (AFHS) assessing the post‐traumatic time interval on radiographs were tested. This is a preliminary study, providing essential information on method reliability for upcoming studies using the AFHS. Five raters (two radiologists, a forensic pathologist, an orthopedist, and an anthropologist) were presented with a test in three parts consisting of 85 radiographs (from 30 adults) of fractures of tubular bones in different stages of healing purposefully selected from more than 1500 radiographs. The raters were firstly asked to assess 15 features describing fracture healing as present, absent, or not assessable. Thereafter, the raters were asked to choose from the AFHS a single‐stage best representing the observed healing pattern. The intra‐ and inter‐rater agreement were assessed using single‐rating, absolute agreement, two‐way mixed‐effects intra‐class correlation (ICC) coefficients. The intra‐rater ICC of radiologist 1 ranged from 0.80 to 0.94. The radiologists’ inter‐rater ICC ranged from 0.68 to 0.74, while it ranged from −0.01 to 0.90 for the other raters. The good to excellent ICC among the radiologists and forensic anthropologist provides good foundation for the use of the AFHS in forensic cases of trauma dating. The poor to good results for the other physicians indicate that using the AFHS requires training in skeletal anatomy and radiology.
Does location of rapid influenza diagnostic testing influence treatment time and ancillary testing in a paediatric emergency department?
Authors: Jacob Ron , White Brent , McCaskill Mary E 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveInfluenza causes a significant burden of disease. Our aim was to assess whether location of rapid influenza diagnostic testing (RIDT) for patients with influenza‐like illness (ILI) has an impact on ED treatment time or ancillary testing.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study in a tertiary paediatric ED during 2017 influenza season. All patients with ILI were included. Some had RIDT performed (ED bedside or at the laboratory). Primary outcome measure was the correlation of RIDT location to treatment time compared to patients with ILI with no RIDT. Secondary outcome measures were the correlation of RIDT location to ancillary testing and treatment with antibiotics.ResultsA total of 1451 patients with ILI were included. Eighty patients for whom RIDT was performed at the laboratory had a shorter treatment time in the ED when compared to the 215 patients for whom RIDT was performed bedside (2.8 and 3.4 h, respectively; P < 0.0001). However, treatment time was not statistically different when sub‐analysed for admitted and discharged patients separately. Overall, patients with ILI and no RIDT had the shortest treatment time in the ED (1.7 h). There was no difference in ancillary testing and treatment with antibiotics between ILI patients for whom RIDT was performed bedside or at the laboratory regardless of admission.ConclusionLocation of RIDT may not have a significant impact on treatment time, ancillary testing and treatment with antibiotics. When RIDT was not performed, patients had the shortest treatment time.
Effect of simulation training on nurse leadership in a shared leadership model for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department
Authors: Armstrong Patrick , Peckler Brad , Pilkinton‐Ching Jodie , McQuade David , Rogan Alice 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveEmpowering a senior nurse in a shared leadership role has been proposed as a more efficient set up for the cardiac arrest team in ED. In this model, a senior nurse leads the cardiac arrest algorithm which allows cognitive off‐loading of the lead emergency physician. The emergency physician is then more available to perform tasks such as echocardiography and exclude reversible causes. Simulation provides an opportunity for training and practice of this shared leadership model. We hypothesised that a structured simulation training programme that focused on implementing a nurse and doctor shared leadership model for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), would improve leadership and teamwork quality in the setting of cardiac arrest as measured by a Trauma Non‐technical Skills (T‐NOTECHS) teamwork scale.MethodsFifteen senior ED nurses participated in this pre‐interventional post‐observational study. Training consisted of a didactic course on team leadership and crisis resource management (CRM) followed by 4 × 10‐min resuscitation scenarios with a structured debrief focusing on team leadership skills and CRM. The primary outcome was measured on scenarios 1 and 4 using a modified T‐NOTECHS teamwork scale.ResultsA statistically significant increase in the T‐NOTECHS scale was detected for the measures of leadership (P = 0.0028), CRM (P = 0.0001), adherence to New Zealand Resuscitation Council ALS algorithm (P = 0.0088) and situational awareness (P = 0.0002).ConclusionThe present study shows that a short simulation training programme improved nurse leadership and teamwork performance in the setting of a shared leadership model for CPR in the ED which could easily be replicated in other departments.