bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender
Authors: Harper-Scott J. P. E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter introduces musicological and philosophical treatments of gender, and their relation to broader critiques of ideology. After introducing the ways that different musicological traditions have examined gender in relation to music, it clarifies the political quality of different philosophical approaches to the question of gender in music. It closes by offering a reconsideration of the role of the musical canon, and its central figure Beethoven, in shaping understandings of music and gender.
The Ineffable (and Beyond)
Authors: Abbate Carolyn , Gallope Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ineffability marks an intellectually productive, technologically mediated, and socially meaningful encounter with the experiential impact of musical sound. Repositioning ineffability in this way contests, in strong terms, previous scholarship associating ineffability with conservative conceptions of absolute music or prohibitions on speaking. In support of our argument, we foreground key elements of Vladimir Jankélévitch’s writings on improvisation and musical technique and stage a critique of Theodor Adorno’s treatment of the ineffable as needlessly attached to metaphors of language. We conclude by contending that this broadened conception of music’s ineffability may open a path towards a more inclusive musical aesthetics, one that is unmoored from normative conceptions of musical language, that is modest about music’s ability to enact scholarly ideals for political resistance, and that embraces the many ways music elicits vernacular forms of wisdom and speculation.
Space
Authors: Kania Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates a variety of ways in which music might be thought to be essentially spatial in relatively literal ways. It begins by considering whether certain spaces or spatial features are essential to musical works or performances. These include the space of a work’s composition, performance spaces for which a work is composed or within which it is performed, and the spatial disposition of performers (e.g., off-stage instruments). It then considers spaces “within” music, paying special attention to the notion of “pitch space”—the space in which we experience musical tones as higher or lower than one another and melodic lines as moving.
Enchantment
Authors: Burnham Scott , Graham Gordon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this essay, a philosopher (Graham) and a music analyst (Burnham) explore the nature of music’s power to enchant. Graham establishes this enchantment as the result of a desirable relocation into an alternative sonic world that nevertheless shares important features with the everyday material world. The huge range of descriptive language that music is able to sustain, including temporal and spatial terms, reveals the tangential relationship of music to the world of everyday experience, while more specifically musical terms (for example, cadenza) show that music operates as a truly different world. Burnham elaborates on the emotional rewards of relocation into the world of music by describing our investment in two specific musical worlds, a brief Chopin piano prelude and Barber’s Adagio for Strings. We are eager to be put under the spell of such pieces because relocations into the enchanted worlds of music ultimately anchor and enhance our sense of self.
Perception
Authors: Peacocke Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that the perception of music involves more than the syntactic and other relations recognized in most music theory. More precisely, the perception of music involves hearing features of the music metaphorically-as mental states and other states of affairs. It also involves hearing the musical event as an action. There are many examples of the aesthetic exploitation by composers of the capacity for perception of various relational properties of these general kinds. There are also differences and similarities between music and poetry, for which there is an account in the presented framework. The account also explains the possibility of music communicating new and unnamed emotions. The perception of relational properties is equally crucial in articulating the distinctive features of live performance. Music also contrasts with other art forms, in that the perception of relational properties, unlike literature, depiction or dance, is almost the only resource available to the composer. This makes the perception of relational properties of music uniquely significant for this art form.
The Middle Ages
Authors: Leach Elizabeth Eva 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter outlines some of the varied relationships between music and philosophy in the Middle Ages. As one of the disciplines of the mathematical quadrivium, musica concerns issues of acoustics but the notation and ontology of music additionally relate to grammar, logic, and rhetoric. Furthermore, music is related to the boundaries between human and non-human animals and overlaps with, while not being completely subsumed by, sonic practices. Medieval music was also implicated in writings on ethics, which give evidence of music’s role in gendered and political identity formation. Finally, the chapter considers what sort of knowledge musical knowledge was in the Middle Ages and why modern thinking might struggle with various aspects of music’s relation to philosophy in this period.
The Early Modern Period
Authors: Smith Bruce R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A viola da gamba made by John Rose in London c.1600 offers a focal point for setting in place five distinct frames for thinking about music in the early modern period: (1) ontology, (2) metaphysics, (3) physics, (4) rhetoric, and (5) ethics. Aristotle’s Categories provided early modern thinkers with a model for regarding Rose’s viol ontologically, as a physical object that could be used in certain ways for certain purposes. The metaphysics of a viol consisted in its being a stringed instrument capable of sounding out the ratios of cosmic harmony. Scientific attention turned to the physics of a viol and the vibrations it produced. Rhetoric as codified in the writings of Cicero and Quintilian was the usual model for investigating the emotional effects of music. Ethical considerations of music made social and moral distinctions among kinds of instruments, the people who played them, and social circumstances of performance and reception.
Comparative Multi-Omics of Tender Shoots from a Novel Evergrowing Tea Cultivar Provide Insight into the Winter Adaptation Mechanism
Authors: Dai Zhangyan , Huang Hualin , Zhang Qunjie , Bei Jinlong , Chen Zhongjian , Liu Qinjian , Gao Jiadong , Zhang Sheng , Liu Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) tree is a perennial plant in which winter dormancy is an important biological adaptation to environmental changes. We discovered and reported a novel tea tree cultivar that can generate tender shoots in winter several years ago, but the molecular mechanism for this unique phenotype remains unknown . Here, we conducted comparative transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics along with phytohormone quantitation between the winter and spring tender shoots to investigate the physiological basis and putative regulatory mechanisms of its evergrowing character during winter. Our multi-omics study has led to the following findings. Gibberellin (GA) levels and key enzymes for GA biosynthesis and the signal transduction pathway were increased in the winter shoots, causing the ABA/GA content ratio to decrease, which might play a key regulatory role in maintaining normal growth during winter. The abundance of proteins, genes and metabolites involved in energy metabolism was all increased in winter shoots, indicating that energy is critical for continuous growth under the relatively weak-light and low-temperature environment. Abiotic resistance-related proteins and free amino acids were also increased in abundance in the winter shoots, which possibly represents an adaptation response to winter conditions. These results allowed us to hypothesize a novel molecular mechanism of adaptation for this unique tender shoot evergrowing in winter.
Imbalanced MMP-3 and MMP-12 serum levels in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with Jaccoud’s arthropathy and a distinctive MRI pattern
Authors: Piga Matteo , Congia Mattia , Balestrieri Antonella , Angioni Maria Maddalena , Cangemi Ignazio , Cau Riccardo , Chessa Elisabetta , Floris Alberto , Figus Fabiana , Iagnocco Annamaria , Cauli Alberto , Saba Luca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
Metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-12 are proteolytic enzymes especially implicated in joint inflammation. This study aims to evaluate their association with arthritis features and hand MRI abnormalities in patients with SLE.

Methods
Fifty SLE patients, with a mean (s.d.) age of 48.1 (14.6) years were tested for MMP-3 and MMP-12 serum levels, then further classified according to the presence of X-ray erosions and joint deformities. Eighteen RA patients aged 47.9 (11.8) and 14 healthy people aged 46.0 (11.0) were enrolled as control groups. A subgroup of 28 SLE patients underwent a dominant-hand MRI; the detected changes were classified and semi-quantitatively scored as capsular swelling, synovitis, edematous or proliferative tenosynovitis, bone oedema, bone erosions. Statistical analysis was performed using multiple regression models.

Results
MMP-3 were significantly higher in patients with Jaccoud’s arthropathy (JA) (22.1 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.05) and independently associated with hsCRP serum levels (B-coeff 0.50; r = 0.30; P &lt; 0.05). MMP-12 serum levels were significantly lower in patients with JA (0.18 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.05) and inversely associated with the prednisone daily dose (B-coeff –0.03; r = −0.44; P &lt; 0.01). Capsular swelling and edematous tenosynovitis, the most prevalent hand MRI changes in patients with JA, associated with higher MMP-3 (B-coeff 0.12; r = 0.66; P &lt; 0.01 and B-coeff 0.08; r = 0.59; P &lt; 0.01, respectively) and lower MMP-12 serum levels (B-coeff –7.4; r = −0.50; P &lt; 0.05 and B-coeff –5.2; r = −0.44; P = 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion
Imbalanced MMP-3 and MMP-12 serum levels are influenced by inflammation and glucocorticoids in SLE patients and associated with JA and distinctive hand MRI changes.
The Time Course of Face Representations during Perception and Working Memory Maintenance
Authors: Bae Gi-Yeul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Successful social communication requires accurate perception and maintenance of invariant (face identity) and variant (facial expression) aspects of faces. While numerous studies investigated how face identity and expression information is extracted from faces during perception, less is known about the temporal aspects of the face information during perception and working memory (WM) maintenance. To investigate how face identity and expression information evolve over time, I recorded electroencephalography (EEG) while participants were performing a face WM task where they remembered a face image and reported either the identity or the expression of the face image after a short delay. Using multivariate event-related potential (ERP) decoding analyses, I found that the two types of information exhibited dissociable temporal dynamics: Although face identity was decoded better than facial expression during perception, facial expression was decoded better than face identity during WM maintenance. Follow-up analyses suggested that this temporal dissociation was driven by differential maintenance mechanisms: Face identity information was maintained in a more “activity-silent” manner compared to facial expression information, presumably because invariant face information does not need to be actively tracked in the task. Together, these results provide important insights into the temporal evolution of face information during perception and WM maintenance.
High-Impact Practices in a Care of the Older Adult Nursing Course
Authors: Zori Susan A. , Heydemann Beth A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Active teaching strategies utilizing high-impact practices to encourage integration of learned material and creative thinking were incorporated into a “care of the older adult” course in a baccalaureate nursing program. The “Shark Tank” assignment requires small groups of students to develop and present an innovation that improves the quality of life for older adults; the class peer reviews the project using a rubric. The “brown bag” assignment requires students to meet with an older adult in their home to conduct a medication reconciliation and teaching session. Both assignments received positive feedback from students in anonymous course evaluations.
Low Uptake of Secure Messaging Among Veterans With Experiences of Homelessness and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Jones Audrey L. , Gelberg Lillian , deRussy Aerin J. , Varley Allyson L. , Riggs Kevin R. , Gordon Adam J. , Kertesz Stefan G. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
Persons who are homeless have significant health challenges and barriers accessing care. Secure messaging supports communication between patients and their providers through a web-based portal, but the acceptability of this technology among patients with high prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) is unknown. We examined secure messaging use among veterans with experiences of homelessness (VEHs), and determined factors associated with messaging use.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of responses to a national survey of VEHs, administered by mail from March to October 2018 (response rate = 40.2%). One item assessed secure messaging use and satisfaction. We used multivariable logistic regressions to model secure messaging use, controlling for sociodemographics, medical conditions, housing indicators, and mental health and SUD diagnoses.

Results:
Of 5072 VEHs, 21% had ever used secure messaging and 87% of the subsample found messaging to be useful. Secure messaging was more commonly used by VEHs who were female, had some college education, those with ≥3 chronic medical conditions, depression, or posttraumatic stress disorder (all P < 0.001). Messaging was much less common for VEHs ages 55 to 64 or older, non-Latino Blacks, those receiving homeless-tailored primary care, and those with SUDs (all P < 0.001). VEHs with opioid use disorder were even less likely than those with other SUDs to use secure messaging (P = 0.047).

Conclusions:
Persons with homeless experiences might require assistance to engage with secure messaging technology. As health systems limit in-person care during a national pandemic, alternative solutions may be needed to facilitate health communications and prevent care disruptions for patients experiencing homelessness and SUDs.
COVID-19 Social Distancing and Online Mutual Help Engagement for Alcohol Use Recovery
Authors: Colditz Jason B. , Rothenberger Scott D. , Liebschutz Jane M. , Rollman Bruce L. , Kraemer Kevin L. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
COVID-19 and associated social distancing has presented challenges for individuals engaging in face-to-face mutual help groups (MHGs) such as Alcoholics Anonymous for alcohol use recovery. Online MHGs may be particularly appealing to individuals with limited access or inclination to attend in-person MHGs. We examined engagement within the popular “StopDrinking” online MHG, hypothesizing that engagement would increase due to demand for virtual peer support as COVID-19 social distancing progressed.

Methods:
We collected publicly available engagement data for StopDrinking from February 19, 2018 through April 30, 2020 while considering March and April of 2020 as months initially impacted by voluntary or mandated COVID-19 social distancing. Using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models, we predicted daily engagement for this social distancing time period based on all available engagement data collected before April 2020. Kalman filtering with 95% prediction limits was employed to define significant thresholds for observed data to reside within.

Results:
All days of observed engagement in March and April 2020 were lower than corresponding predicted values. Observed engagement fell below the lower 95% prediction limit for 36% of days, with 15 days in March and 7 days in April having significantly lower than predicted engagement.

Conclusions:
Relatively low activity on StopDrinking may signal broader population trends of problematic alcohol use and recovery disengagement during the initial COVID-19 social distancing timeframe. Continued investigation of online MHGs is needed to understand their potential for monitoring population health trends and to understand how such groups might support alcohol use recovery in contexts of crisis and isolation.
Cannabis Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada: A Repeated Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Imtiaz Sameer , Wells Samantha , Rehm Jürgen , Hamilton Hayley A. , Nigatu Yeshambel T. , Wickens Christine M. , Jankowicz Damian , Elton-Marshall Tara 
Published: December 2020

Objectives:
In the context of the ongoing coronavirus disease pandemic in Canada, we aimed to (1) characterize trends in cannabis use in the overall population; and (2) characterize patterns of and identify risk characteristics associated with an increase in cannabis use among those who used cannabis.

Methods:
Data were obtained from three waves of an online, repeated cross-sectional survey of adults residing in Canada (May 08–June 23, 2020; N = 3012). Trends were assessed using Cochran-Armitage and chi-square tests, and risk characteristics were identified using logistic regression analyses.

Results:
Cannabis use in the overall population remained stable during the months of May and June. Among those who used cannabis, about half increased their cannabis use compared to before the start of the pandemic. This proportion of an increase in cannabis use among those who used cannabis remained consistent across the survey waves. Risk characteristics associated with higher odds of an increase in cannabis use included residence in the central region (Odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals: 1.93, 1.03–3.62), being 18 to 29 years old (2.61, 1.32–5.17) or 30 to 49 years old (1.85, 1.07–3.19), having less than college or university education (1.86, 1.13–3.06) and being somewhat worried about the pandemic's impact on personal finances (1.73, 1.00–3.00).

Conclusions:
A large proportion of those who used cannabis have increased cannabis use during the pandemic, suggesting a need for interventions to limit increased cannabis use, policy measures to address cannabis-attributable harms, and continued monitoring of cannabis use during and after the pandemic.
Preoperative 3D Modeling and Printing for Guiding Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Shelton Trevor J. , Monazzam Shafagh , Calafi Arash , Leshikar Holly B. , Haus Brian M. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Achieving adequate acetabular correction in multiple planes is essential to the success of periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Three-dimensional (3D) modeling and printing has the potential to improve preoperative planning by accurately guiding intraoperative correction. The authors therefore asked the following questions: (1) For a patient undergoing a PAO, does use of 3D modeling with intraoperative 3D-printed models create a reproducible surgical plan to obtain predetermined parameters of correction including lateral center edge angle (LCEA), anterior center edge angle (ACEA), Tonnis angle, and femoral head extrusion index (FHEI)? and (2) Can 3D computer modeling accurately predict when a normalized FHEI can be achieved without the need for a concomitant femoral-sided osteotomy?

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted on 42 consecutive patients that underwent a PAO. 3D modeling software was utilized to simulate a PAO in order to achieve normal LCEA, ACEA, Tonnis angle, and FHEI. If adequate FHEI was not achieved, a femoral osteotomy was simulated. 3D models were printed as intraoperative guides. Preoperative, simulated and postoperative radiographic ACEA, LCEA, Tonnis angle, and FHEI were measured and compared statistically.

Results:
A total of 40 patients had a traditional PAO, and 2 had an anteverting-PAO. The simulated LCEA, ACEA, Tonnis angle, and FHEI were within a median difference of 3 degrees, 1 degrees, 1 degrees, and 0% of postoperative values, respectively, and showed no statistical difference. Of those that had a traditional PAO, all 34 patients were correctly predicted to need a traditional acetabular-sided correction alone and the other 6 were correctly predicted to need a concomitant femoral osteotomy for a correct prediction in 100% of patients.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that for PAO surgery, 3D modeling and printing allow the surgeon to accurately create a reproducible surgical plan to obtain predetermined postoperative hip coverage parameters. This new technology has the potential to improve preoperative/intraoperative decision making for hip dysplasia and other complex disorders of the hip.
INTRAVITREAL NEEDLE TECHNIQUE FOR INTRASCLERAL HAPTIC FIXATION OF POSTERIORLY DISLOCATED THREE-PIECE INTRAOCULAR LENSES
Authors: Erakgun Tansu 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Double-needle intrascleral haptic fixation (Yamane) technique is a minimally invasive method for posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) fixation in the setting of absent or inadequate capsule support. A modified intravitreal needle technique is herein described for the management of three piece IOLs which are dislocated into the vitreous cavity.

Methods:
In this technique, after completing pars plana vitrectomy, under the noncontact ophthalmomicroscope, the haptic of the dislocated IOL is docked directly in the vitreous cavity into a 27-G needle which is inserted through a transconjunctival tunneled scleral incision 2 mm. from the corneal limbus, and externalized from the conjunctiva and fixated sclerally.

Results:
The technique is described with a case report. A male patient of 65 years old who underwent a complicated cataract surgery was operated using this technique. No preoperative or postoperative complication was seen.

Conclusion:
In this technique, the dislocated IOL is not taken in the anterior segment before the scleral fixation. The haptics are threaded into the 27-G needle directly in the vitreous cavity during the vitrectomy. This is a short cut Yamane technique for posteriorly dislocated three-piece IOLs. This technique may shorten the surgical time and minimize surgical trauma in cases with posteriorly dislocated three-piece IOL.