bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling and less controlling feeding practices are differentially associated with child food intake and appetitive behaviors assessed in a school environment
Authors: Warkentin Sarah , Mais Laís Amaral , Ranganath Kushi , Jansen Elena , Carnell Susan 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundChild food intake and appetitive behaviors show an inconsistent pattern of associations with parental feeding practices. Relationships likely vary depending on parent feeding style, and on the method by which child eating behaviors are measured.ObjectivesWe tested relationships of controlling and less controlling forms of parental promotion and limitation of eating with food intake and appetitive behaviors assessed in preschoolers' normal school environments.MethodsAs part of a 5‐day protocol, preschoolers consumed standardized lunches, and caloric compensation, eating rate and eating in the absence of hunger were assessed. Feeding practices were measured using the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) and Parent Feeding Styles Questionnaire (PFSQ). CFQ‐Pressure to eat and CFQ‐Restriction were controlling forms of promotion/limitation of child intake, and CFQ‐Monitoring and PFSQ‐Prompting to eat were less controlling forms.ResultsChildren (3–5y, n = 70) of parents with higher CFQ‐Pressure to eat scores showed lower total intake, consuming significantly fewer calories from bread, snacks and fruits and vegetables. Higher PFSQ‐Prompting to eat was associated with lower fruit and vegetable intake only. CFQ‐Restriction and CFQ‐Monitoring scores were unassociated with food intake. Higher CFQ‐Pressure to eat was associated with slower eating rate, while higher CFQ‐Monitoring was associated with lower intake in absence of hunger.ConclusionsParental promotion and limitation of intake were associated with preschoolers' eating behaviors assessed in an ecologically valid setting, without parents present. Controlling and less controlling forms showed differential patterns of associations. Results were consistent with child‐to‐parent and parent‐to‐child effects, but research using longitudinal designs is needed to test bidirectional relationships.
Retroperitoneal tumors: Review of diagnosis and management
Authors: Sassa Naoto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRetroperitoneal tumors are extremely rare tumors occurring in the retroperitoneum. Retroperitoneal tumors are divided into benign tumors and malignant tumors, including retroperitoneal sarcoma. Approximately 70–80% of primary retroperitoneal soft‐tissue tumors are malignant; however, these only account for 0.1–0.2% of all malignancies. Retroperitoneal sarcoma is an orphan malignant disease with a low incidence. The information on benign retroperitoneal tumors is limited. The American Joint Committee on Cancer/TNM classification updated to the 8th edition in 2017. In 2010, three new drugs for soft tissue sarcoma were approved based on the results of phase III trials, but the histological subtypes of the patients enrolled in the trials of each drug differed. Recently, in addition to surgery for retroperitoneal sarcoma, the effectiveness of perioperative radiation therapy has become interesting. For malignant retroperitoneal tumors and retroperitoneal sarcoma, survival improvement and locoregional recurrence prevention can be undertaken by carrying out surgery to secure negative margins with wide and combined resection of some adjacent organs, and cooperation with a trained medical team comprising of radiologists, pathologists and medical oncologists in centralized hospitals. Some clinical trials aimed at further improving treatment results by adding preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy based on histological confirmation using a correct needle biopsy are in progress. In recent years, molecular profiling has been used to select eligible patients for chemotherapy. In the future, precision medicine with next‐generation sequencing technology will be expected among the diverse and potential future treatments for retroperitoneal sarcoma. In this review, we summarized the current state of retroperitoneal tumors and retroperitoneal sarcoma.
ROR agonist hampers the proliferation and survival of postactivated CD8+ T cells through the downregulation of cholesterol synthesis‐related genes
Authors: Cai Zimeng , Ishibashi Taishin , Kozai Mina , Mita Hironobu , Wang Shangyi , Takada Kensuke , Inaba Mutsumi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCholesterol is a major component of the lipid bilayers of cellular membranes. The synthesis of cholesterol is acutely elevated during T‐cell activation to support T‐cell growth and proliferation. There is a limited understanding of cholesterol metabolism reprogramming during T‐cell activation. Retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptors (RORs) are ligand‐activated nuclear receptors that regulate the transcription of target genes. In this study, we demonstrated that the activation of RORs by a synthetic agonist (SR1078) impairs the proliferation and survival of postactivated CD8+ T cells. The inhibitory effects of SR1078 on CD8+ T‐cell proliferation and survival were attributed to cholesterol depletion and downregulated expression of cholesterol metabolism‐related genes. The overexpression of RORα or RORγt promoted apoptosis in the postactivated CD8+ T cells in vitro. The expression of RORα (but not that of RORγt) was markedly upregulated in the CD8+ T cells upon stimulation with an antigen in vivo. The functional deficiency of RORα enhanced CD8+ T‐cell expansion during the response to bacterial infection. These results suggest that RORs are involved in the regulation of CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated immune response through the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, which can be modulated by a synthetic ROR agonist. The findings of this study can aid in the development of immunotherapeutic methods that target nuclear receptors.
Tolerance induction in memory CD4 T cells is partial and reversible
Authors: Gray Joshua I. , Al‐Khabouri Shaima , Morton Fraser , Clambey Eric T. , Gapin Laurent , Matsuda Jennifer L. , Kappler John W. , Marrack Philippa , Garside Paul , Otto Thomas D. , MacLeod Megan K.L. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryMemory T cells respond rapidly in part because they are less reliant on a heightened levels of costimulatory molecules. This enables rapid control of secondary infecting pathogens but presents challenges to efforts to control or silence memory CD4 T cells, for example in antigen‐specific tolerance strategies for autoimmunity. We have examined the transcriptional and functional consequences of reactivating memory CD4 T cells in the absence of an adjuvant. We find that memory CD4 T cells generated by infection or immunisation survive secondary activation with antigen delivered without adjuvant, regardless of their location in secondary lymphoid organs or peripheral tissues. These cells were, however, functionally altered following a tertiary immunisation with antigen and adjuvant, proliferating poorly but maintaining their ability to produce inflammatory cytokines. Transcriptional and cell cycle analysis of these memory CD4 T cells suggests they are unable to commit fully to cell division potentially because of low expression of DNA repair enzymes. In contrast, these memory CD4 T cells could proliferate following tertiary reactivation by viral re‐infection. These data indicate that antigen‐specific tolerogenic strategies must examine multiple parameters of Tcell function, and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that may lead to deletional tolerance of memory CD4 T cells.
Judicial regimes for employment rights disputes: comparing Germany, Great Britain and Japan
Authors: Corby Susan , Yamakawa Ryuichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article compares the judicial regimes for resolving individual employment rights disputes in Germany, Great Britain and Japan. First, we consider the form of institutional change; second, we examine the lay judge's role; and third, we assess the effectiveness of the three judicial regimes. We find that Japan made the least institutional change, layering a new procedure on top of an existing one. Paradoxically, however, its lay judges have a more extensive role than their counterparts in Germany and Britain, which established new institutions. As to effectiveness, there are several criteria. British labour courts are currently the least informal and speedy, but the cheapest. In both Britain and Germany, legal norms are publicised as adjudicatory hearings are open to the public and judgments are available for public scrutiny, unlike in Japan.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of cold‐brewed black tea using response surface methodology
Authors: Raghunath Sonali , Mallikarjunan Kumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBlack tea is considered as good source of bioactives like phenolics and antioxidants. In this study, cold brewing of black tea is coupled in combination with ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) to maximize extraction efficiency of bioactives. Response surface methodology was designed to optimize the conditions for extraction using UAE for cold‐brewed black tea. A multiparameter face‐centered central composite design was used to predict the conditions (amplitude: 10–70%, solvent volume: 25–100 ml, and sonication time: 10–60 min). The results obtained indicated a second‐order polynomial model. The optimized conditions for maximum extraction of bioactive for cold brewing of black tea were found to be 69.9% amplitude, 25 ml solvent volume, and 30 min of sonication time. The experimental values from the optimal process were as follows: 72.2 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, 6.77 mg GAE/g, 37.67%, 62.97% for total phenolic content (TPC), total tannin content, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid). The validation results agreed with the predicted models and showed an increase of 4 folds for TPC and 1.5 folds increase in antioxidant activity of cold‐brewed black tea. The displayed outcomes can remain as an extension for designing techniques for the accelerated extraction process for cold‐brewed black tea.Practical ApplicationThe application of cold brewing is limited due to the low extraction efficiency and longer extraction time. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) improves the extraction of valuable nutrients with higher efficiency and shorter extraction time, helping the industry to produce larger amounts of cold‐brewed tea with lesser time. For other researchers, UAE‐treated cold‐brewed tea is a technique, which yields higher antioxidants and can be used as a method to study other cold‐brewed teas in the market.
Out of the Pan‐Himalaya: Evolutionary history of the Paeoniaceae revealed by phylogenomics
Authors: Zhou Shi‐Liang , Xu Chao , Liu Jing , Yu Yan , Wu Ping , Cheng Tao , Hong De‐Yuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeonies (the Paeoniaceae, Paeonia L.) are famous garden flowers, medicinal plants, and edible oil crops, but their evolutionary history largely remains unknown. To probe into their phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary history, formation of present distribution pattern, and origins of tetraploids, we sequenced 25 fragments belonging to 20 single copy nuclear genes and 14 chloroplast regions of all species in the genus to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, date the divergence times of lineages, infer the ancestral biogeographical regions, and document the parents of tetraploids. Our results show that Paeoniaceae separated from the other members in Saxifragales in the Campanian of the late Cretaceous and diverged into two clades, woody and herbaceous clades, in the late Oligocene or early Miocene. They survived and early diverged in the Pan‐Himalaya where they migrated eastwards to East Asia and further to NW America, and northwards to Middle Asia, and further to Europe. The woody lineage differentiated into two sublineages with accelerated root or floral disk evolution, while the herbaceous lineage diverged into five sublineages. Multiple glacial and interglacial cycles in Europe in the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene created opportunities for the peony species to meet and hybridize in the Mediterranean refugia, giving rise to eight allotetraploid species and four infraspecific tetraploids. Paeonia daurica Andrews, P. obovata Maxim., and P. tenuifolia L. served as the most important parents. The phylogeny of Paeonia L. implies that a new taxonomic system with two subgenera and seven sections should be proposed.
Effect of Dichrostachys cinerea encroachment on plant species diversity, functional traits and litter decomposition in an East‐African savannah ecosystem
Authors: Utaile Yonas Ugo , Honnay Olivier , Muys Bart , Cheche Simon Shibru , Helsen Kenny 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuestionsWoody encroachment is increasingly affecting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of savannah ecosystems worldwide, yet the direction and magnitude of these impacts often seem context‐dependent. Here, we investigated the potential of a trait‐based framework to understand the effect of the encroaching shrub Dichrostachys cinerea on plant species diversity and litter decomposition in a savannah system.LocationSavannah plains of Nech Sar National Park, South‐Ethiopian rift valley.MethodsWe conducted a three‐month litter burial experiment using two standard ‘tea bag index’ litter types and three local litter types across 45 vegetation plots, equally spread across unencroached, sparsely encroached and densely encroached savannah locations. We additionally quantified the specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content and leaf area of both D. cinerea and all common savannah species in each plot, and surveyed soil characteristics and species diversity and composition at the plot level. Using this set‐up we explored the potential of the four recorded plant traits to predict changes in litter decomposition following D. cinerea encroachment, in addition to changes in soil characteristics and savannah species diversity and composition.ResultsDichrostachys cinerea encroachment introduced novel functional trait values that reoriented community level resource use towards a more acquisitive strategy. These trait changes were partly associated with a reduction of decomposition rates within encroached areas compared to unencroached areas. Unexpectedly, encroachment resulted in increased, rather than decreased, herbaceous species diversity in sparsely invaded plots, but not in densely invaded plots. Species composition nonetheless shifted strongly following encroachment, indicating a strong species turnover, likely towards more shade‐tolerant species.ConclusionsFunctional traits can partly help explain effects of encroachment on litter decomposition, but other environmental and biotic drivers nonetheless seem to additionally impact decomposition rates.
Evaluating current egg consumption patterns: Associations with diet quality, nutrition and health status in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Gibson S. , Gray J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDietary habits are constantly evolving with changes in culture, economics and the food supply. In the UK, red meat intakes have been declining for more than a decade, while egg consumption has increased in tandem with interest in healthy, sustainable diets. To explore current dietary habits of egg consumers and non‐consumers and potential implications for nutrition and health, we analysed dietary records from 647 adults participating in Year 9 (2017) of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). Mean consumption of eggs and egg dishes was 29 g/day (3.5 eggs/week). Female egg consumers (n = 224; mean 46 g/day, 5 eggs/week) ate more fruit, vegetables and fish and had significantly higher dietary intakes of protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and most micronutrients, notably vitamin D, most B vitamins, vitamin C, iron, zinc and selenium, compared with non‐consumers (n = 150). They also had higher plasma levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, total carotenoids, selenium and ferritin and were less likely to be anaemic. Female egg consumers had a lower mean body mass index and waist circumference, despite reporting a higher mean energy intake than non‐consumers. Male egg consumers (n = 159; mean 54 g/day, 6 eggs/week) had higher dietary intakes of vitamin D, biotin, iodine and selenium but similar micronutrient status and bodyweight to non‐consumers (n = 114). There were no significant differences in cardiometabolic risk factors for either sex. Egg consumption appears to be associated with signs of higher dietary quality, better nutritional status, and slightly lower body mass index among women participating in the latest NDNS.
Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factors MYB28 and MYB29 shape ammonium stress responses by regulating Fe homeostasis
Authors: Coleto Inmaculada , Bejarano Iraide , Marín‐Peña Agustín Javier , Medina Joaquín , Rioja Cristina , Burow Meike , Marino Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Although ammonium (NH4+) is a key intermediate of plant nitrogen metabolism, high concentrations of NH4+ in the soil provoke physiological disorders that lead to the development of stress symptoms.

Ammonium nutrition was shown to induce the accumulation of glucosinolates (GSLs) in leaves of different Brassicaceae species. To further understand the link between ammonium nutrition and GSLs, we analysed the ammonium stress response of Arabidopsis mutants impaired in GSL metabolic pathway.

We showed that the MYB28 and MYB29 double mutant (myb28myb29), which is almost deprived of aliphatic GSLs, is highly hypersensitive to ammonium nutrition. Moreover, we evidenced that the stress symptoms developed were not a consequence of the lack of aliphatic GSLs. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted the induction of an iron (Fe) deficiency response in myb28myb29 under ammonium nutrition. Consistently, ammonium‐grown myb28myb29 plants showed altered Fe accumulation and homeostasis. Interestingly, we showed overall that growing Arabidopsis with increased Fe availability relieved ammonium stress symptoms and that this was associated with MYB28 and MYB29 expression.

Taken together, our data indicated that the control of Fe homeostasis was crucial for the Arabidopsis response to ammonium nutrition and evidenced that MYB28 and MYB29 play a role in this control.
Comprehensive profiling of protein lysine acetylation and its overlap with lysine succinylation in the Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriated strain ATCC 33277
Authors: Zeng Jumei , Wu Leng , Chen Qiushi , Wang Lingyun , Qiu Wei , Zheng Xin , Yin Xiaoming , Liu Jie , Ren Yan , Li Yuqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a pathogen closely associated with periodontal and systemic infections. Recently, lysine acetylation (Kac) and lysine succinylation (Ksuc) have been identified in bacterial proteins with diverse biological and pathological functions. The Ksuc of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 has been characterized in our previous work, and here, we report the systematic analysis of Kac and its crosstalk with Ksuc in this bacterium. A combination of the affinity enrichment by the acetyl‐lysine antibody with highly sensitive LC‐MS/MS was used to identify the lysine‐acetylated proteins and sites in P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. A total of 1,112 lysine‐acetylated sites matching 438 proteins were identified. These proteins involved in several cellular processes, especially those proteins related to protein biosynthesis and central metabolism had a high tendency to be lysine acetylated. Moreover, lysine sites flanked by tyrosine, phenylalanine, and histidine in the +1 position, as well as residue lysine in position +4 to +5, were the targets of Kac. Additionally, proteins involved in adhesins, gingipains, black pigmentation, and oxidative stress resistance were identified as substrates of Kac. Collectively, these results suggest Kac may play a critical role in the regulation of physiology and virulence of P. gingivalis. Furthermore, we discovered that, Ksuc and Kac were extensively overlapped in P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, especially in proteins related to ribosomes and metabolism. This study provides a significant beginning for further investigating the role of Kac and Ksuc in the pathogenicity of P. gingivalis.
Autism spectrum conditions in hikikomori: A pilot case–control study
Authors: Katsuki Ryoko , Tateno Masaru , Kubo Hiroaki , Kurahara Keita , Hayakawa Kohei , Kuwano Nobuki , Kanba Shigenobu , Kato Takahiro A. 
Published: September 2020

AimHikikomori, a form of pathological social withdrawal, has been suggested to have comorbidity with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to clarify how characteristics of hikikomori are associated with ASD, including undiagnosed autism spectrum conditions (ASC), in clinical settings.MethodsA total of 416 clinical patients were recruited through the Mood Disorder/Hikikomori Clinic at Kyushu University Hospital. A total of 103 hikikomori cases and 221 clinical controls without hikikomori conditions were extracted using a semi‐structured interview, and completed a series of self‐rated scales, including the Japanese version of the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient (AQ‐J).ResultsCompared to non‐hikikomori controls, hikikomori cases were more likely to have higher autistic tendency based on the AQ‐J. The cases showed more severe subjective depressive symptoms based on the self‐rated Beck Depression Inventory II, whereas no significant difference was found on interview‐based severity evaluation using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Comparison within hikikomori cases based on the AQ‐J cut‐off score revealed that hikikomori cases with high ASC were significantly more likely to have higher traits of modern‐type depression, smaller social networks, and less social support.ConclusionThe present data suggest that hikikomori sufferers are more likely to have autistic tendency, and that hikikomori sufferers with high ASC may have much more difficulty in social communication and social interaction. In addition, those with high ASC may also have lower self‐esteem and higher complaint tendencies as aspects of modern‐type depression traits, which may relate to the occurrence of hikikomori. Thus, evaluating autistic tendencies is important for appropriate interventions in hikikomori. Further investigations should be conducted to validate our pilot findings using structured diagnostic systems of ASD.
Revisiting the contribution of schools to cognitive gaps: Evidence from Peru
Authors: Castro Juan F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have found that differences in school characteristics can explain a significant share of the difference in cognitive skill between advantaged and disadvantaged children. These estimates, however, can be biased if the effect of schools depends on the skill attained by children before they enter school. I use longitudinal information on test scores for a large sample of Peruvian children to reassess the importance of schools for the urban/rural cognitive skill gap observed at age 8. I propose a decomposition strategy that allows the skill attained during early childhood to influence the effect of schools. I find a negative relation between early childhood skill and the effect of schools in the rural domain and confirm that schools account for a significant share (around 34%) of the urban/rural cognitive skill gap. This reveals that it is possible to exploit the equalizing potential of improvement in rural schools despite the large cognitive skill deficits of rural children. It is not “too late” for rural children currently at school.