bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Cumulative Antiretroviral Exposure in People Living With HIV and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mann Sarah C. , Morrow Mary , Coyle Ryan P. , Coleman Stacey S. , Saderup Austin , Zheng Jia-Hua , Ellison Lucas , Bushman Lane R. , Kiser Jennifer J. , MaWhinney Samantha , Anderson Peter L. , Castillo-Mancilla Jose R. 
Published: July 2020

Objective:People living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer and developing more non-AIDS comorbidities, which negatively impact antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS) is a novel pharmacologic measure of cumulative ART adherence that is predictive of viral suppression and future viremia. However, the relationship between non-AIDS comorbidities and this adherence measure is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between 3 non-AIDS comorbidities (diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) and TFV-DP in DBS in PLWH.Methods:Blood for TFV-DP in DBS and HIV viral load was prospectively collected from PLWH on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for up to 3 times over 48 weeks. Non-AIDS comorbidities were recorded. Mixed effect multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the changes in TFV-DP concentrations in DBS according to the presence of comorbidities and to estimate the percent differences in TFV-DP concentrations between these groups.Results:A total of 1144 person-visits derived from 523 participants with available concentrations of TFV-DP in DBS were included in this analysis. In univariate analysis, no significant association between non-AIDS comorbidities (categorized as having 0, 1, 2, or 3 comorbidities) and the concentrations of TFV-DP in DBS was observed (P= 0.40). Participants who had DM had 25% lower (95% confidence interval: −36% to −12%;P< 0.001) TFV-DP in DBS than participants without DM after adjusting for age, gender, race, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, CD4+T-cell count, hematocrit, ART class, patient-level medication regimen complexity index, and 3-month self-reported adherence.Conclusions:Diabetic PLWH have lower concentrations of TFV-DP in DBS compared with those without DM. Further research is required to identify the clinical implications and biological mechanisms underlying these findings.
The Crisis We Are Not Talking About: One-in-Three Annual HIV Seroconversions Among Sexual and Gender Minorities Were Persistent Methamphetamine Users
Authors: Grov Christian , Westmoreland Drew , Morrison Corey , Carrico Adam W. , Nash Denis 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Methamphetamine use is once again on the rise among sexual and gender minorities who have sex with men (SGMSM).

Methods:
Baseline and 12-month data are taken from an ongoing cohort study of n = 4786 SGMSM aged 16–49 at risk for HIV from across the United States. Participants completed annual online surveys and at-home HIV testing (oral fluid samples returned through mail).

Results:
Overall, 2.47 per 100 persons seroconverted over 12 months. In addition, 13.8% of participants reported any methamphetamine use over the 12-month study period. Nearly three-fourths (74.7%; 422 of 565) of those who reported using methamphetamine at baseline were persistent users at 12 months. In adjusted analyses, compared with those who did not use methamphetamine, incident methamphetamine users (ie, those who indicated use between baseline and follow-up) and persistent methamphetamine users had significantly higher odds of HIV seroconverting (adjusted odds ratio = 3.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.64 to 9.47; and 7.11, 4.53 to 11.17, respectively). Persistent methamphetamine users accounted for one-third of all observed HIV seroconversions (41 of 115).

Discussion:
Among SGMSM at elevated risk for HIV, persistent methamphetamine use was prevalent and associated with substantially amplified risk for HIV seroconversion. Expanded efforts are needed to test implementation strategies for scalable, evidence-based interventions to reduce HIV risk in SGMSM who use methamphetamine.
Prevention, Partners, and Power Imbalances: Women's Views on How Male Partners Affected Their Adherence to Vaginal Microbicide Gels During HIV Prevention Trials in Africa
Authors: Miller Lori , Morar Neetha , Kapiga Saidi , Ramjee Gita , Hayes Richard 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Low adherence has contributed to disappointing results for trials testing vaginal microbicides for HIV prevention. This study engaged former gel trial participants to understand the reasons behind low adherence and seek suggestions on how to improve products and adherence to microbicides. This analysis examines the impact of participant perceptions of male partners on participant adherence and suggestions on how to address those issues.

Methods:
Eight focus group discussion workshops were conducted with 46 former microbicide trial participants in South Africa and Tanzania. Participants provided feedback on why women join trials, barriers to using gels and reporting adherence accurately, and how adherence and adherence reporting can be improved.

Results:
Participants reported that male partners can affect women's ability to use gels. For some, the lubricating effects caused relationship conflicts due to suspicion of male partners about infidelity. Needing to provide sex to partners on demand was a barrier to gel use. Participants suggested a gel formulation which was thicker and less noticeable, and explicit male partner engagement to enhance understanding of the purpose of the gels.

Conclusions:
The imbalance of power in intimate relationships affects the ability of women to use microbicides as directed. To improve adherence to HIV prevention methods within trials and for successful rollout of proven HIV prevention methods in populations, it is important that the complicated dynamics of sex and relationships be taken into greater consideration and that women receive targeted support to navigate product use and communication within the context of these gender dynamics.
Pharmacological Management of Osteoarthritis With a Focus on Symptomatic Slow-Acting Drugs
Authors: Alexander Lila A. M. , LN Denisov , EG Zotkin , IS Dydykina , AY Kochish , SS Rodionova , EA Trofimov , SP Yakupova , EZ Yakupov , L Gallelli 
Published: July 2020

Background
This article describes an updated stepwise algorithm for the pharmacological management of osteoarthritis (OA) to establish a treatment method for patients with OA.

Summary
In step 1, background maintenance therapy includes symptomatic slow-acting drugs for OA, especially prescription crystalline glucosamine sulfate product, for which the high-quality evidence base of efficacy is unequivocal, or prescription chondroitin sulfate. Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or paracetamol only as rescue analgesia is given on top of the background therapy. Step 2: For patients with persistent OA symptoms, the use of oral NSAIDs is mandatory for maintaining supportive therapy with symptomatic slow-acting drugs for OA. It is recommended to properly stratify patients and carefully select oral NSAID therapy to maximize the benefit-to-risk ratio. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid and intra-articular corticosteroids are recommended as well in step 2 of the algorithm, especially for patients who do not respond to the previous therapies. Step 3: Duloxetine is considered along with the previous procedures, especially in patients with pain from central sensitization. Step 4: Total joint replacement is recommended for patients with severe symptoms and poor quality of life.

Major Conclusions
The current guidelines and literature review provide evidence-based recommendations supported by clinical experience on how to organize the treatment process in patients with knee OA applicable in the Russian clinical practice.

Future Research Directions
International evidence-based guidelines lack consensus on different treatments, including the use of prescription crystalline glucosamine sulfate, NSAIDs, and intra-articular hyaluronic acid. The content of this article needs a further discussion about the clinical evidence and harmonization of recommendations for knee OA management.
Clinical Significance of Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Surgery and Application of Volume-Displacement Technique
Authors: Jin Shiyang , Xu Bingqi , Shan Ming , Liu Yang , Han Jiguang , Zhang Guoqiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer has been continuously developing in recent years, and it has become an important part of breast cancer surgery. Its safety and aesthetics have been widely recognized by domestic and foreign experts. However, due to the complexity and diversity of individuals and diseases, and the need for integrating the thinking of breast surgery and plastic surgery, it is still a challenge for breast surgeons. This review summarizes the pros and cons of its clinical application through a comprehensive discussion of hot issues in oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery and introduces common volume-displacement techniques in the clinic for reference by doctors in daily work.
Hepatic Artery Microvascular Anastomosis in Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Kantar Rami S. , Berman Zoe P. , Diep Gustave K. , Ramly Elie P. , Alfonso Allyson R. , Sosin Michael , Lee Z-Hye , Rifkin William J. , Kaoutzanis Christodoulos , Yu Jason W. , Ceradini Daniel J. , Dagher Nabil N. , Levine Jamie P. 
Published: July 2020

Background
The operating microscope is used in many centers for microvascular hepatic arterial reconstruction in living as well as deceased donor liver transplantation in adult and pediatric recipients. To date, a systematic review of the literature examining this topic is lacking.

Methods
This systematic review of the literature was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Three different electronic databases (PubMed, Embase OVID, and Cochrane CENTRAL) were queried.

Results
A total of 34 studies were included. The rate of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) in noncomparative studies (28) ranged from 0% to 10%, with 8 studies reporting patient deaths resulting from HAT. Within comparative studies, the rate of HAT in patients who underwent arterial reconstruction using the operating microscope ranged from 0% to 5.3%, whereas the rate of HAT in patients who underwent arterial reconstruction using loupe magnification ranged from 0% up to 28.6%, and 2 studies reported patient deaths resulting from HAT. Two comparative studies did not find statistically significant differences between the 2 groups.

Conclusions
Our comprehensive systematic review of the literature seems to suggest that overall, rates of HAT may be lower when the operating microscope is used for hepatic arterial reconstruction in liver transplantation. However, matched comparisons are lacking and surgical teams need to be mindful of the learning curve associated with the use of the operating microscope as compared with loupe magnification, as well as the logistical and time constraints associated with setup of the operating microscope.
The Anatomic Feasibility of a Functional Chimeric Flap in Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Scomacao Isis , Vijayasekaran Aparna , Fahradyan Vahe , Aliotta Rachel , Drake Richard , Gurunian Raffi , Djohan Risal 
Published: July 2020

Background
Dynamic and functional abdominal wall reconstruction (FAWR) remains a complex challenge. The ideal flap should have a minimal donor-site morbidity and cover a large surface area with motor and sensory capabilities. The goal was to investigate the feasibility of using a free chimeric flap with anterolateral thigh (ALT) and rectus femoris (RF) components pedicled only on the motor nerve branch.

Methods
Ten fresh cadavers were dissected with a designed chimeric thigh flap including ALT and RF flaps. Anterolateral thigh was designed and raised with the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve integrated, and the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery was preserved. Rectus femoris was elevated and the common pedicle was dissected up to the femoral origin. Accompanying motor nerve branches were carefully dissected to their femoral origin.

Results
Twenty RF flaps were dissected and 9 were harvested as a true chimeric flap with ALT. The mean number of neurovascular bundles associated with RF flap was 2.11 ± 0.47, and the mean primary motor nerve average length was 9.40 ± 2.42 cm. The common vascular bundle in all 9 chimeric flaps was ligated, and the flap was rotated toward the abdomen pedicled only by primary motor nerve of the RF muscle. Nerve length was adequate for reach up to xiphoid area in all 20 flaps.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the feasibility of the chimeric ALT/RF muscle free flap pedicled only by the motor nerve branch, with adequate flap rotation. Even with the limitations in a live patient, this flap would be an excellent option for FAWR in the right patient.
Postconditioning With Red-Blue Light Therapy Improves Survival of Random Skin Flaps in a Rat Model
Authors: Hamushan Musha , Cai Weijie , Lou Tengfei , Cheng Pengfei , Zhang Yubo , Tan Moyan , Chai Yimin , Zhang Feng , Lineaweaver William C. , Han Pei , Ju Jiaqi 
Published: July 2020

Background
Random skin flap ischemic necrosis is a serious challenge in reconstructive surgery. Photobiomodulation is a noninvasive effective technique to improve microcirculation and neovascularization. Photobiomodulation with red or blue light has been separately proven to partially prevent skin flap necrosis, but the synergistic effect of red and blue light not been elucidated. Our experiment evaluated the impact of postconditioning with red-blue light therapy on the viability of random flaps.

Methods
Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats (male, 12 weeks) with a cranially based random pattern skin flap (3 × 8 cm) were divided into 3 groups: control group, red light group, and red-blue light group. On postoperative day 7, flap survival was observed and recorded using transparent graph paper, flaps were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and microvessel density was measured. Micro-computed tomography was used to measure vascular volume and vascular length. On days 0, 3, and 7 after surgery, blood flow was measured by laser Doppler. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, the amount of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in the flap tissue was assessed on days 3, 5, and 7 after surgery.

Results
The mean percentage of skin flap survival was 59 ± 10% for the control group, 69 ± 7% for the red light group, and 79 ± 9% for the red-blue light group (P < 0.01). The microvessel density was 12.3 ± 1.2/mm2 for the control group, 31.3 ± 1.3/mm2 for the red light group, and 36.5 ± 1.4/mm2 for the red-blue light group (P < 0.01). Both vascular volume and total length in the red-blue light group showed significantly increased compared with the red light and control group (P < 0.01). Blood flow in the red-blue light treated flap showed significantly increased at postsurgery days 3 and 7 compared with the red light and control group (P < 0.01). The level of the NO metabolites was significantly increased in flap tissues belonging to the red-blue light group compared with the other 2 groups (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
This study showed that postconditioning with red-blue light therapy can enhance the survival of random skin flap by improving angiogenesis and NO releasing.
Hymenobacter polaris sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from an Arctic station
Authors: Dahal Ram Hari , Chaudhary Dhiraj Kumar , Kim Dong-Uk , Kim Jaisoo 
Published: July 2020

A pink-pigmented, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated RP-2-7T, was obtained from soil sampled at the Arctic station, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway. Cells were strictly aerobic, psychrotolerant, grew optimally at 15–20 °C and hydrolysed CM-cellulose. Phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain RP-2-7T formed a lineage within the family

Hymenobacteraceae

and clustered with members of the genus

Hymenobacter

. Its closest relative was

Hymenobacter marinus

KJ035T (97.6 % sequence similarity). The sequence similarities to other strains were ≤96.9 %. The principal respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c), anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1
ω5c and summed featured 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B). The DNA G+C content was 62.8 mol%. In addition, the average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness values between strain RP-2-7T and closely related strains were lower than species demarcation thresholds. Based on the resuls of genomic, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain RP-2-7T represents novel species in the genus

Hymenobacter

, for which the name Hymenobacter polaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RP-2-7T (=KACC 21670T=NBRC 114391T).
A Non-Adaptive Combinatorial Group Testing Strategy to Facilitate Healthcare Worker Screening During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak
Authors: McDermott JH , Stoddard D , Woolf PJ , Ellingford JM , Gokhale D , Taylor A , Demain LAM , Newman WG , Black G 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRegular SARS-CoV-2 testing of healthcare workers (HCWs) has been proposed to prevent healthcare facilities becoming persistent reservoirs of infectivity. Using monoplex testing, widespread screening would be prohibitively expensive, and throughput may not meet demand. We propose a non-adaptive combinatorial (NAC) group-testing strategy to increase throughput and facilitate rapid turnaround via a single round of testing.MethodsNAC matrices were constructed for sample sizes of 700, 350 and 250 with replicates of 2, 4 and 5, respectively. Matrix performance was tested by simulation under different SARS-CoV-2 prevalence scenarios of 0.1-10%, with each simulation ran for 10,000 iterations. Outcomes included the proportions of re-tests required and the proportion of true negatives identified. NAC matrices were compared to Dorfman Sequential (DS) approaches. A web application (www.samplepooling.com) was designed to decode results.FindingsNAC matrices performed well at low prevalence levels with an average number of 585 tests saved per assay in the n=700 matrix at a 1% prevalence. As prevalence increased, matrix performance deteriorated with n=250 most tolerant. In simulations of low to medium (0.1%-3%) prevalence levels all NAC matrices were superior, as measured by fewer repeated tests required, to the DS approaches. At very high prevalence levels (10%) the DS matrix was marginally superior, however both group testing approaches performed poorly at high prevalence levels.InterpretationThis testing strategy maximises the proportion of samples resolved after a single round of testing, allowing prompt return of results to staff members. Using the methodology described here, laboratories can adapt their testing scheme based on required throughput and the current population prevalence, facilitating a data-driven testing strategy.FundingNone to Declare
Red blood cells injuries and hypersegmented neutrophils in COVID-19 peripheral blood film
Authors: Lakhdari Nordine , Tabet Boualem , Boudraham Lila , Laoussati Malha , Aissanou Sofiane , Beddou Lamia , Bensalem Sihem , Bellik Yuva , Bournine Lamine , Fatmi Sofiane , Iguer-Ouada Mokrane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the current investigation, peripheral blood films of 15 COVID-19 patients (44.78±16.55 years), proven by computed tomographic imaging and RT-PCR for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, were analyzed at the moment of hospital admission. Blood tests showed raised inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein 58.2±61.2 mg/L) with normal values for hemoglobin (126.2±2.6 g/L), WBC (6.8±18.74 109/L) RBC (4.55±0.99 1012/L) platelets (262.4±141.8, 109/L) MCV (79.84±8.2 fL) MCH (28±3.31 pg) and MCHC (350.3±1.15 g/L). The results revealed the presence of hypersegmented neutrophils in 66.66%% of the patients. The percentages of neutrophils with 4 and 5 lobes were 46.25 ± 4.83% and 31.5 ± 14.84%, respectively. Three major red blood cells morphological alteration were observed: (1) erythrocytes in “rouleaux” formation represented by linear erythrocytes aggregation, (2) spherocytes with the disappearance of the usual biconcave disk, and (3) echinocytes showing spiky projections. Apparent reorganization of hemoglobin is found in the majority of the analyzed erythrocytes. Rouleaux formation is observed in 33.33% of patients and spherocytes and echinocytes are present at variable levels in the all analyzed patients. The current results revealed erythrocytes injuries in COVID-19 peripheral blood, in association with hypersegmented neutrophils, alterations that could be involved in the respiratory syndrome.
A Novel CD206 Targeting Peptide Inhibits Bleomycin Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Ghebremedhin Anghesom , Salam Ahmad Bin , Adu-Addai Benjamin , Noonan Steve , Stratton Richard , Ahmed Md. Shakir Uddin , Khantwal Chandra , Martin George R , Lin Huixian , Andrews Chris , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Rudloff Udo , Lopez Henry , Jaynes Jesse , Yates Clayton 
Published: July 2020

AbstractActivated M2 polarized macrophages are drivers of pulmonary fibrosis in several clinical scenarios such as Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome (ARDS) and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), through the production of inflammatory and fibrosis-inducing cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effect of targeting the CD206 receptor with a novel fragment of a Host Defense Peptide (HDP), RP-832c to decrease cytokines that cause fibrosis. RP-832c selectively binds to CD206 on M2 polarized bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM)in vitro, resulting in a time-dependent decrease in CD206 expression, and a transient increase in M1 marker TNFα, which resolves over a 24hr period. To elucidate the antifibrotic effect of RP-832c, we used a murine model of bleomycin (BLM) -induced early-stage pulmonary fibrosis. RP-832c significantly reduced bleomycin-induced fibrosis in a dosage dependent manner, as well as decreased CD206, TGF-β1 and α-SMA expression in mouse lungs. Interestingly we did not observe any changes in the resident alveolar macrophage marker CD170 expression. Similarly, in an established model of lung fibrosis, RP-832c significantly decreased fibrosis in the lung, as well as significantly decreased inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, INF-γ, CXCL1/2, and fibrosis markers TGF-β1 and MMP-13. In comparison with FDA approved drugs, Nintedanib and Pirfenidone, RP-832c exhibited a similar reduction in fibrosis compared to Pirfenidone, and to a greater extent than Nintedanib, with no apparent toxicities observed on body weight or blood chemistry. In summary, RP-832c is a potential agent to mitigate the overactivity of M2 macrophages in pathogenesis several pulmonary fibrotic diseases, including SARS-CoV-2 induced lung fibrosis.