bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equation of state and high-pressure phase behaviour of SrCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
Authors: Biedermann Nicole , Bykova Elena , Morgenroth Wolfgang , Efthimiopoulos Ilias , Mueller Jan , Spiekermann Georg , Glazyrin Konstantin , Pakhomova Anna , Appel Karen , Wilke Max 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The high-pressure phase transition of strontianite (SrCO3) was investigated at ambient temperature by means of powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The samples were compressed in a diamond anvil cell to a maximum pressure of 49 GPa. Structure refinements confirm the existence of SrCO3 in the low pressure aragonite-type phase Pmcn (62) up to about 26 GPa. Above this pressure, SrCO3 transforms into a high-pressure phase with post-aragonite crystal structure Pmmn (59). Fitting the volume extracted from the compression data to the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state for the low-pressure phase of SrCO3 yields K0=62.7(6) GPa and K0′=3.2(1), and for the high-pressure phase this yields K0=103(10) GPa and K0′=2.3(6). The unit cell parameters change non-uniformly, with the c axis being 4 times more compressible than the a and b axes. Our results unequivocally show the existence of a Pmmn structure in SrCO3 above 26 GPa and provide important structural parameters for this phase.
Effect of changing ocean circulation on deep ocean temperature in the last millennium
Authors: Scheen Jeemijn , Stocker Thomas F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Paleoreconstructions and modern observations provide us with anomalies of surface temperature over the past millennium. The history of deep ocean temperatures is much less well-known and was simulated in a recent study for the past 2000 years under forced surface temperature anomalies and fixed ocean circulation. In this study, we simulate the past 800 years with an illustrative forcing scenario in the Bern3D ocean model, which enables us to assess the impact of changes in ocean circulation on deep ocean temperature. We quantify the effect of changing ocean circulation by comparing transient simulations (where the ocean dynamically adjusts to anomalies in surface temperature – hence density) to simulations with fixed ocean circulation. We decompose temperature, ocean heat content and meridional heat transport into the contributions from changing ocean circulation and changing sea surface temperature (SST). In the deep ocean, the contribution from changing ocean circulation is found to be as important as the changing SST signal itself. Firstly, the small changes in ocean circulation amplify the Little Ice Age signal at around 3 km depth by at least a factor of 2, depending on the basin. Secondly, they fasten the arrival of this atmospheric signal in the Pacific and Southern Ocean at all depths, whereas they delay the arrival in the Atlantic between about 2.5 and 3.5 km by two centuries. This delay is explained by an initial competition between the Little Ice Age cooling and a warming due to an increase in relatively warmer North Atlantic Deep Water at the cost of Antarctic Bottom Water. Under the consecutive Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) slowdown, this shift in water masses is inverted and ageing of the water causes a late additional cooling. Our results suggest that small changes in ocean circulation can have a large impact on the amplitude and timing of ocean temperature anomalies below 2 km depth.
Cultural Linguistics and Poetry: The Case of Khayyām’s Rubā’iyyāt
Authors: Sharifian Farzad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study is the first of its kind in applying the emerging field of cultural linguistics to research on poetry. It does so by exploring conceptualizations that underline a number of quatrains from Khayyām’s Rubā’iyyāt.1 In particular, it focuses on quatrains that reflect themes regarding the brevity of life, living for the moment, predestination, and mysteries of existence. The analyses presented in this article reveal that conceptualizations that underlie these quatrains reflect both idiosyncratic (individual-specific) and cultural conceptualizations as well as conceptualizations reflecting Khayyām’s milieu. The identified conceptualizations foreground some influences from a number of religious/cultural traditions.
O TRABALHO COM PROJETOS DE LETRAMENTO PARA O ENSINO CRÍTICO DE LÍNGUA MATERNA
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Da , Almeida Ana Lúcia De Campos 
Published: November 2020

Considerando a importância dos estudos da linguagem e da formação de professores de língua materna para atuação nas escolas públicas na atual conjuntura da educação brasileira, este trabalho objetiva apresentar proposta de ensino de língua portuguesa por meio de projetos de letramento (TINOCO, 2008). Sob as concepções dos Novos Estudos do Letramento (STREET, 2014; HAMILTON, 2000), da conscientização crítica da linguagem (FAIRCLOUGH, 1989, 1996; RAJAGOPALAN, 2003) e de uma educação libertadora (FREIRE, 1999, 2018), tal proposta considera a relação entre os letramentos vernaculares e o letramento escolar para desenvolvimento de um processo de ensino-aprendizagem compatível com as práticas sociais mobilizadas pela escrita e leitura, assim como para a formação de cidadãos críticos que participem da construção de uma sociedade mais justa, como se apresenta na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (BRASIL, 1996)e nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (BRASIL, 1998). A educação escolar deve, nesse sentido, considerar e promover a ampliação do conhecimento, garantindo ao aluno espaços educacionais em que possa posicionar-se diante de valores estabelecidos e buscar as transformações sociais necessárias.
The harmonization of animal protection during transport in the European Union - Analysis of the sanctioning systems in Italy, Romania and Spain
Authors: Meriggi Silvia 
Published: November 2020

In the last sixty years, countries in Europe developed a common legal framework for the protection of so-called “farmed” Animals: on farms, during transport and at the time of their killing. This document describes the most relevant aspects of the sanctioning systems implementing the legislation on the protection of Animals during transport in three countries: Italy, Spain and Romania. These nations were chosen in connection with the author’s collaboration with the German non-governmental organization, Animals´ Angels. The association has been investigating animal transports at the international level since 1998, with particular attention to these three countries. The article draws on findings collected from the organization’s field experience as well as perspectives that have emerged over time during the analysis of the various countries. This document aims to lay out the positive and the negative points of each penalty system, as a basis for a wider analysis, and to formulate proposals for a better and uniform application of a dissuasive sanctioning system in Europe. The fact that penalties are left to the competence of the member states, which are culturally different and have different legal systems, has led to an alarmingly irregular implementation. From another perspective, with protection being put in second place, this leads to competitive distortion in the territory of the European Union. The article examines efforts made by European institutions and member states to improve the harmonisation of the application of Regulation (EC) No. 1/2005. It also offers practical inputs that can be used in future negotiations of the existing laws on animal transport.
Guerra trans-especie: Animales en conflicto humano
Authors: Rodríguez Álvarez Joaquín David 
Published: November 2020

A través del presente artículo se pretende realizar una aproximación desde el anarquismo-verde, como marco teórico, a la utilización/explotación de animales en conflicto bélico, así como al proceso que desemboca en una militarización de los mismos. Mostrando la guerra como un fenómeno inter/intra-especies, donde los anímales han sido y son hoy en día utilizados como armas y medios para conseguir objetivos de tipo de militar/terrorista. Una realidad, que pese a ser sostenida en el tiempo, encontrando ejemplos de todas las épocas y contextos culturales, apenas ha sido objeto de regulación o debate internacional. Generando así, unos vacíos legales que permiten la cristalización de dinámicas de explotación animal que van más allá de los usos abusivos de la industria. Un vacío legal, que, además, condena a los animales a ser parte activa de las dinámicas de conflictividad humanas. El presente artículo aboga en última instancia por la elaboración de mecanismos legales vinculantes a nivel internacional que prohíban el uso de animales en la guerra y garantice la protección de los mismos como víctimas colaterales del conflicto.
Opredelitev napovednih dejavnikov za oceno stopnje alergijske reakcije po piku čebele in ose pri odraslih – sistematični pregled literature
Authors: Perčič Simona , Kukec Andreja , Košnik Mitja 
Published: November 2020

Izhodišča: Trenutno dosegljivi testi za razlikovanje med asimptomatsko senzibilizacijo in klinično relevantno alergijo za strupe žuželk niso zanesljivi. Namen našega članka je opredeliti: a) možne napovedne dejavnike, ki so jih navedli raziskovalci pregledanih raziskav, in b) napovedne dejavnike, ki igrajo pomembno vlogo pri opredelitvi poteka hude sistemske ali blažje lokalne reakcije pri senzibiliziranih bolnikih za pik ose ali čebele.
Metode: Sistematični pregled literature obdobje do 31. 12. 2017 temelji v bibliografski bazi Pub Med. V sistematični pregled smo vključili epidemiološke raziskave, v katerih so raziskovalci proučevali možne napovedne dejavnike za opredelitev odgovora alergičnih bolnikov za strup čebele ali ose s težko sistemsko ali lokalno reakcijo.
Rezultati: V sistematični pregled je bilo vključenih 16 izvirnih raziskav. Analiza je osvetlila prevalenco alergijskih bolezni, težko lokalno reakcijo ter sistemsko reakcijo po piku žuželk, kot so osa, sršen in čebela. Nakazujejo se tudi pomembni dejavniki tveganja za razvoj težke alergijske reakcije po piku, ki jih moramo upoštevati pri napovedi izida nadaljnjega zdravljenja.
Zaključki: Raziskav na temo napovednih dejavnikov za težko alergijsko reakcijo za pik čebele in ose je malo. Pri nadaljnjem raziskovanju napovednih dejavnikov je treba uporabiti interdisciplinarni pristop, ki bo vključeval strokovnjake s področja klinične in javnozdravstvene medicine.
Kronik
Authors: Leergaard Joan 
Published: November 2020

Indhold: Arkiv for Dansk Litteratur på nettet; Nye udvalg lægger strategi for bevaring af dansk kulturarv; DEF-fagportal om historie og arkæologi i støbeskeen; Lov om pligtaflevering af musikalier fylder 100 år; Websiden www.kb.dk vinder nordisk pris; Det Kongelige Biblioteks byggeri på Amager vinder international pris; Udstillinger; Kulturbevaring på Det Kongelige Bibliotek; Verden set på ny. Fotografi og maler­kunst i Danmark 1840 — 1900; Besøg og arrangementer; Prins Joachim besøgte den 26. februar Diamanten; Erhvervelser;
Antimicrobial resistant gene prevalence in soils due to animal manure deposition and long-term pasture management
Authors: Yang Yichao , Ashworth Amanda J. , DeBruyn Jennifer M. , Durso Lisa M. , Savin Mary , Cook Kim , Moore Jr. Philip A. , Owens Phillip R. 
Published: November 2020

The persistence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes in the soil-environment is a concern, yet practices that mitigate AMR are poorly understood, especially in grasslands. Animal manures are widely deposited on grasslands, which are the largest agricultural land-use in the United States. These nutrient-rich manures may contain AMR genes. The aim of this study was to enumerate AMR genes in grassland soils following 14-years of poultry litter and cattle manure deposition and evaluate if best management practices (rotationally grazed with a riparian (RBR) area and a fenced riparian buffer strip (RBS), which excluded cattle grazing and poultry litter applications) relative to standard pasture management (continuously grazed (CG) and hayed (H)) minimize the presence and amount of AMR genes. Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) was performed to enumerate four AMR genes (ermB, sulI, intlI, and blactx-m-32) in soil, cattle manure, and poultry litter environments. Six soil samples were additionally subjected to metagenomic sequencing and resistance genes were identified from assembled sequences. Following 14-years of continuous management, ermB, sulI, and intlI genes in soil were greatest (P < 0.05) in samples collected under long-term continuous grazing (relative to conservation best management practices), under suggesting overgrazing and continuous cattle manure deposition may increase AMR gene presence. In general, AMR gene prevalence increased downslope, suggesting potential lateral movement and accumulation based on landscape position. Poultry litter had lower abundance of AMR genes (ermB, sulI, and intlI) relative to cattle manure. Long-term applications of poultry litter increased the abundance of sulI and intlI genes in soil (P < 0.05). Similarly, metagenomic shotgun sequencing revealed a greater total number of AMR genes under long-term CG, while fewer AMR genes were found in H (no cattle manure) and RBS (no animal manure or poultry litter). Results indicate long-term conservation pasture management practices (e.g., RBS and RBR) and select animal manure (poultry litter inputs) may minimize the presence and abundance of AMR genes in grassland soils.
Wearable Corneal Biosensors Fabricated from PEDOT Functionalized Sulfur‐Doped Graphene for Use in the Early Detection of Myopia
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Dong Gongxian , Feng Haihua , Shan Suyan , Huang Libin , Yuan Feng , Bao Bijun , Yan Lu , Xia Zhaolin , Lawson Tom , Chen Jun , Qu Jia , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMyopia is an irreversible visual disorder. Its pathogenic mechanism is not completely determined. This lack of understanding has led to difficulties in its early detection and prevention. Herein, it is reported that the content of dopamine (DA) inside tears is related to myopia diopter. Changes in DA are detected by the use of a wearable corneal biosensor. The biosensor is prepared by electrodeposition of the enzyme tyrosinase and poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) functionalized sulfur‐doped graphene onto a self‐designed corneal microelectrode. This leads to a high‐performance biosensor with a high sensitivity (of 12.9 µA × 10−3 m−1 cm−2), a good detection limit (of 101 × 10−9 m), excellent selectivity, and long‐term stability. In vivo sensing tests on rabbits confirm a linear relationship between DA added to the animal eyes and the current response of the biosensor. Further tests on human tears sourced from defocus‐induced myopia patients who have various myopia diopters show that the biosensor outputted a sensitive current signal that is related to the number of myopia diopters. This suggests there is an underlying relationship between myopia diopters and DA content in tears. It may provide a novel approach to a better understanding of myopia formation and its prevention.
A Novel Approach to Establish and Enhance Event Reporting Systems Among Resident Physicians
Authors: Siddiqui Saud , Marin Johnnatan , Kupsky Genevieve , Quan Theodore , Frasure Sarah E. , Sikka Neal , Pourmand Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvent reporting systems are an integral part of patient safety programs that continue to remain a challenge primarily due to systems‐based barriers. Smartphone use in patient care continues to be an ever‐growing facet of medicine and patient care. Combining the problem of event reporting challenges with the modern resource of mobile phones may be used to promote a culture of safety and increase event reporting in the emergency department (ED) and the hospital among residents.MethodsWe introduced a new method of event reporting for emergency medicine (EM) residents in the ED using a mobile messaging application widely used throughout the hospital to facilitate physician communication to report events. Implementation of the intervention occurred in three phases. During the preintervention phase, we retrospectively reviewed EM resident rates of event reporting and administered a survey regarding their attitudes toward the traditional system of event reporting. We then introduced the mobile messaging application–based event reporting system and tracked the number of events recorded during the first 8 months of implementation. Following the intervention, we administered a postintervention survey to the EM residents inquiring about the same metrics that were used in the preintervention survey.ResultsForty EM residents reported a total of 147 events during the 8 months of the intervention phase compared to 12 reports during the prior year as whole, resulting in a 12‐fold increase. The postintervention scores ranged from 55 to 73 with a mean (±SD) of 65 (±9). EM resident satisfaction rates and comfort level with the new reporting system increased by 232 and 104%, respectively, and the likelihood of reporting an event increased by 127% (p < 0.02). The time required by EM residents to submit a report also decreased significantly.ConclusionThe implementation of a mobile application to target systems barriers associated with event reporting significantly increased event reporting by EM residents, improved EM resident attitudes about event reporting, and reduced the time required to submit an event, ultimately promoting a culture of safety.
A novel homozygous frameshift mutation in the DCC gene in a Pakistani family with autosomal recessive horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis‐2 with impaired intellectual development
Authors: Zaka Ayesha , Shahzad Shaheen , Rao Hadi Zahid , Hashim Yasmin , Basit Sulman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHorizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis‐2 with Impaired Intellectual Development (HGPPS2) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by absence of conjugate horizontal eye movements, and progressive scoliosis developing in childhood and adolescence. We report three new patients with HGPPS2 in a consanguineous Pakistani family, presenting varying degrees of progressive scoliosis, developmental delays, horizontal gaze palsy, agenesis of corpus callosum, and absence of cerebral commissures. Analysis of genotyping data identified shared loss of heterozygosity (LOH) region on chromosomes 5p15.33‐15.31, 6q11.2‐12, and 18q21.1‐21.3. A hypothesis‐free, unbiased exome data analysis detected an insertion of nucleotide A (c.2399dupA) in exon 16 of the DCC gene. The insertion is predicted to cause frameshift p.(Asn800Lysfs*11). Interestingly, DCC gene is present in the LOH region on chromosome 18. Variant (c.2399dupA) in the DCC gene is considered as the most probable candidate variant for HGPPS2 based on the presence of DCC in the LOH region, previously reported role of DCC in HGPPS2, perfect segregation of candidate variant with the disease, prediction of variant pathogenicity, and absence of variant in variation databases. Sanger Sequencing confirmed the presence of the novel homozygous mutation in all three patients; the parents were heterozygous carriers of the mutation, in accordance with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. DCC encodes a netrin‐1 receptor protein; its role in the development of the CNS has recently been established. Biallelic DCC mutations have previously been shown to cause HGPPS2. A novel homozygous variant in patients of the reported family extend the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of HGPPS2.
α‐Iminonitriles: Composite Functional Groups for Functionalization of Pyrene
Authors: Deng Guigang , Liu Tianqi , Wang Yuqin , Liu Bingxin , Tan Qitao , Xu Bin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFunctionalization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with functional groups is essential for tuning the optoelectronic properties, solid stacking and solubility. α‐Iminonitriles are composite functional groups (CFGs) containing imine (C=N−R) and nitrile (CN) moieties with strong electron‐withdrawing character and good stability, which could be readily introduced through several effective synthetic methods. α‐Iminonitriles have been widely used as intermediates for organic transformations but hold untapped potential for modification of organic functional materials. We herein disclose that α‐iminonitriles are eminent groups for modifying the properties of pyrene. The introduction of α‐iminonitriles to pyrene causes many changes: significantly lowering the LUMOs, red‐shift in absorption and emission spectra, tuning the solid‐stacking, triggering aggregation‐induced emission and white‐light emission. This work indicates that CFGs such as α‐iminonitriles may provide extra toolkits for the functionalization of organic functional materials which would help to tap the potentials of novel or existed materials.
Development of vibration damping materials based on butyl rubber: A study of the phase equilibrium, rheological, and dynamic properties of compositions
Authors: Pochivalov Konstantin V. , Shilov Alexander N. , Lebedeva Tatyana N. , Ilyasova Anna N. , Golovanov Roman Yu. , Basko Andrey V. , Kudryavtsev Yaroslav V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA detailed study of butyl rubber‐based vibration damping formulations linking their composition, morphology, phase structure, viscosity, mechanical loss factor, and other characteristics is presented for the first time. High performance of the compositions including aromatic petroleum oil is explained by limited solubility of the plasticizer that leads to the formation of a highly‐viscous emulsion (η20°C ≈ 1000 Pa·s) consisting of a swollen butyl rubber matrix and dispersed oil droplets in the broad composition range. Chalk is found to be the best inorganic filler as its spherical particles provide strong adhesion to the reinforcing layer of aluminum foil. Aiming to eliminate ecologically unfriendly aromatic compounds, a new low‐cost binding agent formulation based on butyl rubber mixed with polyisobutylene and highly refined mineral oil is suggested. Being environmentally safe, it possesses high viscosity of 1000–3000 Pa·s, cohesion strength of 3.5–5.0 N/cm, penetration of 4.5–6.0 mm, and mechanical loss factor up to 0.34 at room temperature, which are as good as, or even better than, the properties of currently produced vibration damping materials containing aromatic compounds. New materials can be used in car and aircraft parts for effective vibration isolation.