bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shari`ah, Brain Death, and Organ Transplantation
Authors: Grundmann Johannes 
Published: April 2020

Introduction
In the early 1980s, comprehensive developments in the public health system as well as markedly improved possibilities for organ transplantation due to the introduction of immune suppressants,2 namely, the artificial prevention of organ rejection, led to a sudden expansion of transplantation medicine in the Near and Middle East. Long-term artificial respiration, along with improved and expanded intensive care units, enabled respiration and circulation to be maintained despite the partial or complete loss of brain function. This, in turn, secured the necessary blood supply to the organs until they could be removed. Against this backdrop, a comprehensive process of discussion on the factual connections between postmortem organ transplantation and the criterion for determining brain death developed.
Islam's Foundational Equality
Authors: Finn David Raeburn 
Published: April 2020

Islam's Foundational Equality
Abstract:
Aysha Hidayatullah argues that (a) certain Qur'anic verses are incorrigibly male-privileging and (b) those verses are themselves privileged. (c) Hence, egalitarian readings of the Qur'an are unsupported and unsupportable. (d) If, as egalitarians propose, such verses are unjust, then either the Qur'an is not God's word or God is unjust. By contrast, (a) I contend that no evidence suggests Qur'anic verses are incorrigibly male-privileging; further I provide or indicate egalitarian rereadings for relevant contenders; (b) no Qur'anic evidence in any case warrants the primacy of such verses. (c, d) Finally, since controverting egalitarian readings of the subject verses are available the logical form of Hidayatullah's argument shows merely that if such verses are read to exhibit injustice those readings cannot be God's word. Since the Qur'an is God's word there is no option but to reread them.
Applying Ibn Khaldūn: The Recovery of a Lost Tradition in Sociology (by Syed Farid Alatas)
Authors: Mohamed Yasien 
Published: April 2020

The intellectual legacy of Ibn Khaldūn is unique among Muslim historians, and yet he is not fully appreciated in the East. Many Muslim scholars—including Muhammad Abdullah Enan, Muhsin Mahdi, and Mahmoud Dhaoudi—have written about Ibn Khaldūn in English. Their treatment of him was either comparative or historical, but none presented his theory as a valid framework for sociological analysis today as Syed Farid Alatas does in his Applying Ibn Khaldūn.
Muhammad: Prophet of Peace Amid the Clash of Empires (by Juan Cole)
Authors: Mitiche Ahmed Zakarya 
Published: April 2020

Reference to violence and war often dominates contemporary discussions about the early Muslims. In Muhammad: Prophet of Peace Amid the Clash of Empires, Juan Cole balances the narrative by centering instead the role of peace and “peace thought”, notions which he argues more aptly characterize the early community. He situates this emergent movement within the geo-politics of the day. As the conflict between two major super-powers became perceived as approaching cataclysmic and apocalyptic proportions, the Prophet’s message juxtaposed the worldly violence of empire with the peace promised in the Quran. Within this vision lay a pursuit of temporal peace, represented by the Prophet’s own political career. Departing from those scholars who either reject the later Muslim historiographical traditionout of hand or adopt it wholesale, Cole insists on centering the Quran as a primary source, while applying a discerning eye towards the hadith and biographical sources that emerge in later centuries (228). Finally, by comparing the writings of the Prophet’s Christian-Byzantine contemporaries to the Quran, the author foreshadows the “violence thought” (i.e. rhetoric that justified or even encouraged aggressive warfare and conquest) that the institutionalization of power in the form of empire will soon demand of succeeding generations of Muslims.
Longing for the Lost Caliphate: A Transregional History (bt Mona Hassan)
Authors: Young Alden 
Published: April 2020

In her superbly learned book, Mona Hassan sets out to explain the enduring meaning of Muslim lamentations after two of the greatest Muslim caliphates were abolished in 1258 and 1924 CE. 1258 marks the date when the last Abbasid Caliph, al-Musta‘sim, knelt before the Mongol Commander Hulegu outside the walls of Baghdad, shortly before he was executed. Hassan is not here directly concerned with the history of either the Abbasid Caliphate or the Mongol conquest; rather, she seeks to understand what was a novel problem for the Muslim community, namely, the absence of a caliph, which then lasted three and a half years.
A A Question of Presence and Agency: Mosques in the West, North and South
Authors: Gaber Tammy 
Published: April 2020

New scholarship, covered by the books in this review essay, include studies of mosques in the UK, Canada, Spain and Australia and demonstrate that the proclamation of presence of the architecture of the mosque works on a number of levels. The exterior façade, of course, functions to symbolize some sort of landmark and identity in a variety of possible architectural languages. However, the interior, is where the differences truly lie between the mosque in constructed in the Muslim world and those constructed outside of the Muslim world. For minority communities, the mosque program necessarily includes facilities for education, recreation, festive gathering and dining in addition to other specific programs such as funeral preparation, food bank collection and so forth.
The contemporary mosque in the non-Muslim world, regardless of how west, north or south it is located, is loaded with much more programmatic demand in addition to the perceived politics of creating presence and identity in a perceived foreign landscape.
To download full review, click on PDF.
Ecosystem concept of the aviation industry
Authors: Hrinchenko Yurii 
Published: April 2020

Annotation. Introduction. Industry’s development is an actual focus point for regulators and researchers. Certain preconditions for the development are related to the growing influence of digitalization on industry relations and informational support. Client-oriented approach becomes dominant in shaping relations inside and outside the industry. The goal of the article is to develop a concept of the aviation industry ecosystem by creating an algorithm for involvement of its agents and identification of stages to build the process of common efforts to develop the industry. The research relies on the following methods: data search, structural, cause and effect and system analysis. Results. The development of the aviation industry occurs under conditions of tight relationships with related industries, so it has a profound effect on their development too. The central point of this area is an airport, which directly cooperates with aircraft carriers operating under competing business-models of network or low-cost flights, but also is deeply integrated into local economic system as an important part of transport infrastructure. Formation of a common area for development, which is to stimulate the demand in aviation and related industries, notably the tourism, is underway with increasing speed, as liberlization of aviation transportation. So the governmental regulation shall use the specific approaches for the new situation. The aviation industry ecosystem regards a consumer on several stages of the travel process: inspiration for a trip, reservations of tickets, hotel and other services, preparation for a trip, airport experience, flight experience, arrival experience, destination experience and post-trip experience. The article defines which agents are responsible for the successful completion of every stage. The prospects for further research. The prospects for further research may apply the development of an economic-mathematical model for government regulation of the aviation industry under the perspective of its ecosystem development.
The new life of craftsmen houses in Heritage Park of Wooden Architecture in Lodz
Authors: Bachmańska-Słowikowska Monika 
Published: April 2020

Museum of Wooden Architecture in Lodz was constructed in the Władysław Reymont Park adjoining from the back side to the Central Museum of Textiles. The open-air museum covers the area of 6 000 m2. Eight 19th century wooden buildings were moved to the open-air museum: four craftsmen houses (Łódź, ul. Mazowiecka 47, Kopernika 42, Wólczańska 68, Żeromskiego 68), one-storey house for workers (Łódź ul. Mazowiecka 61), a summer villa (Łódź, Scaleniowa 18), a wooden church – the unique example of 19th century wooden sacral architecture which is enrolled into the register of monuments and a wooden tram-stop moved from the Marketplace of the city of Zgierz.
The purpose of the following article is to present the overall process which enabled to preserve the legacy of the early industrial wooden architecture in Lodz (which mainly consists of wooden craftsmen houses). The problems associated with the realization of this project are described in a comprehensive way including both the project preparation process and the details of its final realization. The article presents also different ways of adopting the relocated objects to their new functions, offering wide educational and cultural programme that makes the museum much alive and attractive for tourists.
Working memory capacity and (in)voluntary mind wandering
Authors: Soemer Alexander , Schiefele Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAccording to influential accounts of mind wandering (MW), working memory capacity (WMC) plays a key role in controlling the amount of off-task thought during the execution of a demanding task. Whereas WMC has primarily been associated with reduced levels of involuntarily occurring MW episodes in prior research, here we demonstrate for the first time that high-WMC individuals exhibit lower levels of voluntary MW. One hundred and eighty participants carried out a demanding reading task and reported their attentional state in response to random thought probes. In addition, participants’ WMC was measured with two common complex span tasks (operation span and symmetry span). As a result, WMC was negatively related to both voluntary and involuntary MW, and the two forms of MW partially mediated the positive effect of WMC on reading performance. Furthermore, the negative relation between voluntary WM and reading remained significant after controlling for interest. Thus, in contrast to prior research suggesting that voluntary MW might be more closely related to motivation rather than WMC, the present results demonstrate that high-WMC individuals tend to limit both involuntary and voluntary MW more strictly than low-WMC individuals.
Two-stage maximum likelihood approach for item-level missing data in regression
Authors: Chen Lihan , Savalei Victoria , Rhemtulla Mijke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPsychologists use scales comprised of multiple items to measure underlying constructs. Missing data on such scales often occur at the item level, whereas the model of interest to the researcher is at the composite (scale score) level. Existing analytic approaches cannot easily accommodate item-level missing data when models involve composites. A very common practice in psychology is to average all available items to produce scale scores. This approach, referred to as available-case maximum likelihood (ACML), may produce biased parameter estimates. Another approach researchers use to deal with item-level missing data is scale-level full information maximum likelihood (SL-FIML), which treats the whole scale as missing if any item is missing. SL-FIML is inefficient and it may also exhibit bias. Multiple imputation (MI) produces the correct results using a simulation-based approach. We study a new analytic alternative for item-level missingness, called two-stage maximum likelihood (TSML; Savalei & Rhemtulla, Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 42(4), 405–431. 2017). The original work showed the method outperforming ACML and SL-FIML in structural equation models with parcels. The current simulation study examined the performance of ACML, SL-FIML, MI, and TSML in the context of univariate regression. We demonstrated performance issues encountered by ACML and SL-FIML when estimating regression coefficients, under both MCAR and MAR conditions. Aside from convergence issues with small sample sizes and high missingness, TSML performed similarly to MI in all conditions, showing negligible bias, high efficiency, and good coverage. This fast analytic approach is therefore recommended whenever it achieves convergence. R code and a Shiny app to perform TSML are provided.
Time Dependence of the Flux of Helium Nuclei in Cosmic Rays Measured by the PAMELA Experiment between 2006 July and 2009 December
Authors: Marcelli N. , Boezio M. , Lenni A. , Menn W. , Munini R. , Aslam O. P. M. , Bisschoff D. , Ngobeni M. D. , Potgieter M. S. , Adriani O. , Barbarino G. C. , Bazilevskaya G. A. , Bellotti R. , Bogomolov E. A. , Bongi M. , Bonvicini V. , Bruno A. , Cafagna F. , Campana D. , Carlson P. , Casolino M. , Castellini G. , De Santis C. , Galper A. M. , Koldashov S. V. , Koldobskiy S. , Kvashnin A. N. , Leonov A. A. , Malakhov V. V. , Marcelli L. , Martucci M. , Mayorov A. G. , Mergè M. , Mocchiutti E. , Monaco A. , Mori N. , Mikhailov V. V. , Osteria G. , Panico B. , Papini P. , Pearce M. , Picozza P. , Ricci M. , Ricciarini S. B. , Simon M. , Sotgiu A. , Sparvoli R. , Spillantini P. , Stozhkov Y. I. , Vacchi A. , Vannuccini E. , Vasilyev G. I. , Voronov S. A. , Yurkin Y. T. , Zampa G. , Zampa N. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Precise time-dependent measurements of the Z = 2 component in the cosmic radiation provide crucial information about the propagation of charged particles through the heliosphere. The PAMELA experiment, with its long flight duration (2006 June 15–2016 January 23) and the low energy threshold (80 MeV/n) is an ideal detector for cosmic-ray solar modulation studies. In this paper, the helium nuclei spectra measured by the PAMELA instrument from 2006 July to 2009 December over a Carrington rotation time basis are presented. A state-of-the-art three-dimensional model for cosmic-ray propagation inside the heliosphere was used to interpret the time-dependent measured fluxes. Proton-to-helium flux ratio time profiles at various rigidities are also presented in order to study any features that could result from the different masses and local interstellar spectra shapes.
The PDFI_SS Electric Field Inversion Software
Authors: Fisher George H. , Kazachenko Maria D. , Welsch Brian T. , Sun 孙 Xudong 旭东 , Lumme Erkka , Bercik David J. , DeRosa Marc L. , Cheung Mark C. M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We describe the PDFI_SS software library, which is designed to find the electric field at the Sun’s photosphere from a sequence of vector magnetogram and Doppler velocity measurements and estimates of horizontal velocities obtained from local correlation tracking using the recently upgraded Fourier Local Correlation Tracking code. The library, a collection of FORTRAN subroutines, uses the “PDFI” technique described by Kazachenko et al., but modified for use in spherical, Plate Carrée geometry on a staggered grid. The domain over which solutions are found is a subset of the global spherical surface, defined by user-specified limits of colatitude and longitude. Our staggered grid approach, based on that of Yee, is more conservative and self-consistent compared to the centered, Cartesian grid used by Kazachenko et al. The library can be used to compute an end-to-end solution for electric fields from data taken by the HMI instrument aboard NASA’s SDO mission. This capability has been incorporated into the HMI pipeline processing system operating at SDO’s Joint Science Operations Center. The library is written in a general and modular way so that the calculations can be customized to modify or delete electric field contributions, or used with other data sets. Other applications include “nudging” numerical models of the solar atmosphere to facilitate assimilative simulations. The library includes an ability to compute “global” (whole-Sun) electric field solutions. The library also includes an ability to compute potential magnetic field solutions in spherical coordinates. This distribution includes a number of test programs that allow the user to test the software.
Effect of the plot variability on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the berry's skins and seeds of grape cultivar Agiorgitiko (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Verarou Victoria , Stavrakaki Maritina , Daskalakis Ioannis , Bouza Despoina , Biniari Katerina 
Published: April 2020

Soil properties, climatic conditions and cultivation techniques constitute significant variables, which affect the quality of the final product. In particular, soil data (soil texture, soil electrical conductivity etc.) and weather data (average temperature, humidity etc.) affect both crop quality data (sugar content, anthocyanins content, phenolic compounds concentrations etc.) and crop quantity data (crop yield, berry weight and size etc.).
The aim of this study was to investigate the variations of the microclimatic areas that exist within the same vineyard and their effect on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the berry skins and seeds of the grapes. These microclimatic areas could be identified and classified as those which could produce grapes for PDO wines and those which could be used for the production of other types of wines.
The overall results of this study indicated important differences between the grapes of different sub-zones from the perspective of their chemical analyses, namely with notable differences identified between the grapes in the anthocyanin concentration and mainly in the concentration of malvidin, acetyl and coumaric esters of malvidin.
A significant variability was observed in the characters of the must and in berry mechanical properties. More specifically, higher weight of berries was observed in the lower part of the vineyard, based on its slope. In the north-eastern part of the vineyard, a higher concentration of polyphenolic compounds was recorded. The concentration of total anthocyanins was found to be positively correlated with the soil slope, while significant variability in the concentration of total anthocyanins was revealed.
L’atelier céramique d’Oued el Akarit (Tunisie)
Authors: Ben Tahar Sami , Bonifay Michel , Capelli Claudio 
Published: April 2020

On présente ici la caractérisation typologique et archéométrique/pétrographique de la production de l’atelier d’Oued el Akarit, en Tunisie méridionale, suite à de nouvelles prospections. Cet atelier produisait au iv
e s. principalement quatre types d’amphores (Africaine I B, Africaine II D, Keay 25.1-2 et peut-être une variante tardive du type Dressel 2/4), ainsi que des céramiques culinaires (B et CB, mais aussi imitations des catégories A et CA typiques du nord de la Tunisie) et communes. En dépit des nombreux déchets de production, qui semblent exclure la présence d’importations, les analyses pétrographiques ont mis en évidence une assez forte variabilité des pâtes, même à l’intérieur de chaque classe, qui pourrait être expliquée par l’utilisation de matières premières et de techniques différentes dans plusieurs fours/ateliers relativement éloignés dans l’espace et/ou le temps.
Construire dans l’Antiquité
Authors: Belhout Amira 
Published: April 2020

Le musée de Djemila possède de nombreux outils provenant des fouilles effectuées sur le site. Cet outillage révèle les savoirs professionnels de certains acteurs des chantiers de construction et témoigne de plusieurs tâches au fur et à mesure de l’avancement des travaux : l’extraction de la pierre par les carriers, l’ajustage et la finition des blocs par les tailleurs de pierre, l’équarrissage du bois et la rectification des surfaces par le charpentier ou le menuisier et enfin la mise en œuvre par le maçon. La similarité morphologique de l’outillage de Cuicul avec celui des villes d’autres provinces romaines témoigne de la circulation des savoirs des artisans et de la diffusion des techniques dans le monde romain.
Réflexions sur la « schola » du decumanus à Lepcis Magna et son contexte urbain
Authors: Chaisemartin Nathalie de 
Published: April 2020

Cleared in 1957 at Lepcis Magna by the Italian archaeological team, the city-block to the west of the four-way arch (quadrifrons) of Septimius Severus, between the decumanus maximus and a parallel north road, contained a large courtyard surrounded on three sides by colonnades and framed east and west by semicircular exedrae. The north side displayed a row of seven niches with statue-bases. The elegant South façade with corinthian pilasters had three arched doorways opening onto the decumanus. Westward, a series of rooms led to a doric north-south portico running alongside a thermal complex, followed by a residential area largely rebuilt in Late Antiquity. The inscriptions found in the courtyard suggest that, from the Hadrianic phase, it was an aula honouring a conspicuous local family, the Plautii and the matron Blaesilla. However, it is possible that the whole city-block had previously been a gymnasium area with associated bath-complex on the edge of the city.
Relire les manuscrits : nouveautés épigraphiques de Tabarka (Tunisie) dans le journal de Francisco Ximenez
Authors: González Bordas Hernán 
Published: April 2020

Cet article reprend la lecture du journal du père trinitaire F. Ximenez concernant son passage par Tabarka (nord-ouest de la Tunisie). En premier lieu, trois inscriptions inédites et deux nouvelles lectures d’épigraphes connues ont été détectées dans ce récit. Une édition pour chacun des trois nouveaux textes est proposée et argumentée ; par la suite sont indiqués les apports de cette source aux deux textes connus. Dans un deuxième temps, il est question de l’usage des récits de F. Ximenez fait par le CIL et des raisons pour lesquelles ces textes sont restés inédits.
Tamuda revisitada. De la primera destrucción ¿sertoriana? al foso del castellum (2014-2018)
Authors: Bernal Casasola Darío , Bustamante-Álvarez Macarena , Díaz Rodríguez José Juan , Expósito Álvarez José Ángel , Moujoud Tarik 
Published: April 2020

En los últimos años se han realizado nuevas
investigaciones arqueológicas en la ciudad mauritana y en el
campamento militar romano de Tamuda (norte de Marruecos), al amparo del
proyecto EAT (Economía y Artesanado en
Tamuda). Se presenta en este
trabajo tanto una síntesis de los principales resultados previos
(recuperación de los dossieres de las antiguas excavaciones de
Montalbán, Quintero y Tarradell, y documentación de nuevas
inscripciones asociadas al Balneum Oriental) como también los
hallazgos inéditos de las últimas intervenciones. Especialmente la
constatación de una destrucción violenta y generalizada del Barrio
Oriental de Tamuda,
fechada en la primera mitad del s. I a.C., documentada
estratigráficamente en dos edificios mauritanos con unos contextos
materiales bien conservados. Esta tabula
rasa del yacimiento podría asociarse a la
presencia de Sertorio en la región norteafricana, y a los episodios
vinculados a la sucesión de los monarcas mauritanos; y los primeros
datos sobre el posible foso del campamento militar romano, abandonado
en el s. V d.C., que es uno de los pocos documentados en los castella y castra de la Mauretania Tingitana.