bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Adolescents' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison between Wuhan and Other Urban Areas in China
Authors: Chen Shitao , Cheng Zeyuan , Wu Jing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease is causing considerable acute risk to public health and might also have an unanticipated impact on the mental health of children and adolescents in the long run. This study collected data during the national lockdown period in China and aims to understand whether there is a clinically significant difference in anxiety, depression, and parental rearing style when comparing adolescents from Wuhan and other cities in China. This study also intends to examine whether gender, grade in school, single child status, online learning participation, parents' involvement in COVID-19 related work, and parents being quarantined or infected due to the disease would lead to clinically significant differences in anxiety and depression. Beyond that, this study explored the pathways among the different variables in order to better understand how these factors play a part in impacting adolescents' mental health condition. Results: Results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in anxiety symptoms between participants who were from Wuhan compared to other urban areas, but not in depressive symptoms. In addition, participants’ grade level, gender, relative being infected, and study online have direct positive predictive value for depressive and anxiety symptoms, whereas location and sibling status have indirect predictive value. Having relatives who participated in COVID-19 related work only had positive direct predictive value toward depression, but not anxiety.Conclusions: This study discovered several risk factors for adolescents’ depression and anxiety during the pandemic. It also called for a greater awareness of Wuhan parents’ mental wellbeing and recommended a systematic approach for mental health prevention and intervention.
Molecular characterization of Ribosomal DNA (ITS2) of hard ticks in Iran: understanding the conspecificity of Dermacentor marginatus and D. niveus
Authors: Soltan-Alinejad Parisa , Ramezani Zahra , Edalat Hamideh , Telmadarraiy Zakkyeh , Dabiri Farrokh , Vatandoost Hassan , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali , Mohebali Mehdi , Seyyed-Zadeh Seyyed Javad , Zarei Zabihollah , Hanifian Haleh , faghihi faham , Abolhasani Mandan , Bavani Mulood Mohammadi , Musavi Jalil , Terenius Olle , Chavshin Ali Reza 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance. They are obligate blood-feeding vectors with the ability to transmit a wide variety of pathogens. Standard morphological keys are normally used for the identification of tick species. However, considering the importance of accurate species identification and the determination of bio-ecological characteristics of species, relying on morphological keys alone can be questionable. In this study, two DNA fragments (ITS2 and COI) were selected for phylogenetic evaluation of Iranian hard tick species belonging to the genera Dermacentor, Hyalomma, and Rhipicephalus. Results: 1229 specimens of Dermacentor marginatus, D. niveus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Rhipicephalus bursa, and R. sanguineus constituting 11 populations were collected from three different climatic and zoogeographical zones in Iran. Morphological studies revealed notable differences in important morphological characteristics between different populations of D. marginatus.The results of ITS2 sequence analysis provided additional evidence which supports the conspecificity of D. niveus and D. marginatus. Contrary to this finding, the sequence analysis of COI and phylogeny favored the separation of the two species. Given the greater importance of COI in identifying and discriminating species, a possibility heterospecificity between the two species should be considered.
Oral administration of recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores expressing mutant staphylococcal enterotoxin B provides potent protection against lethal enterotoxin challenge
Authors: Xiong Zhile , Mai Jialiang , Li Fei , Liang Bingshao , Yao Shuwen , Liang Zhuwei , Zhang Chao , Gao Fei , Ai Xiaolan , Wang Jieling , Long Yan , Yang Min , Gong Sitang , Zhou Zhenwen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus is induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). A mutant form of SEB (mSEB) is immunogenic as well as less toxic. Recombinant mSEB and SEB were expressed in pET28a prokaryotic plasmids. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in mSEB-stimulated macrophages were lower than those in SEB-stimulated macrophages (p < 0.01). Using CotC as a fusion protein, we constructed recombinant Bacillus subtilis spores expressing mSEB on the spore surface and evaluated their safety and protective efficacy via mouse models. Oral administration of mSEB-expressing spores increased SEB-specific IgA in feces and SEB-specific IgG1 and IgG2a in the sera, compared with mice in naïve and CotC spore-treated groups (p < 0.001). Six weeks following oral dosing of recombinant spores, significant differences were not found in the serum biochemical indices between the mSEB group and the naïve and CotC groups. Furthermore, oral administration of mSEB spores increased the survival rate by 33.3% in mice intraperitoneally injected with 5 μg of wild-type SEB plus 25 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In summation, recombinant spores stably expressing mSEB were developed, and oral administration of such recombinant spores induced a humoral immune response and provided protection against SEB challenge in mice.
Metagenome gene prediction of naturally fermented milk products of India using PICRUSt2 and Piphillin
Authors: Tamang Jyoti Prakash , Shangpliang H. Nakibapher Jones , Rai Ranjita 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Naturally fermented milk (NFM) products are popular food delicacies in Indian states of Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. Bacterial communities in these NFM products of India were previously analysed by high-throughput sequence method. However, predictive gene functionality of NFM products of India has not been studied. In this study, raw sequences of NFM products of Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh were accessed from NCBI database server. PICRUSt2 and Piphillin tools were applied to study microbial functional gene prediction in combination with the commonly used error-corrected denoising programs like DADA2 and Deblur.Results: Significant functional hits were observed from the Piphillin analysis which included some interesting pathways including GABAergic synapse, glutamatergic synapse and serotonergic synapse, which are known to be probiotic-related, among others that are absent in PICRUSt2 analysis. This study also showed the negative correlation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) members (Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc) with most of the disease-related functions, which were on the other hand, positively correlated with unwanted contaminants like Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Pseudomonas.Conclusion: The study explored the potential of microbial functional gene prediction using PICRUSt2 and Piphillin software, and indicated the significance of the presence of LAB in these NFM products of India. Since most LAB members are known to be potential health-promoting bacteria, their negative correlation to many of the disease-related functions also indicates their role in combatting unwanted potential contaminants.
Open Globe Injuries: Classifications and Prognostic Factors for Functional Outcome
Authors: Reznicek Lukas , Mayer Christian S. , Khoramnia Ramin , Siedlecki Jakob , Schworm Benedikt 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Epidemiology and evaluation of posterior segment involvement as a prognostic factor for functional outcome of patients with open globe injuries in a university eye clinic as a tertiary referral center in Southern Germany. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 151 consecutive patients with open globe injuries who were referred to the department of Ophthalmology of the Technical University of Munich in Germany from 2004 to 2011 was conducted. Visual acuity, epidemiologic data, classification of the injuries including the ocular trauma score (OTS), performed surgeries, post-operative visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) as well as correlation analyses between OTS and post-operative visual acuity were obtained. RESULTS: On total, 147 eyes were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 42.9±22.2 years, 78.2% were male, 36.7% of injuries occurred in the workplace. Thirty-eight patients (25.9%) had intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB): 84.2% were metal objects, 5.3% organic material and 10.5% glass. On total, 51.7% of the open globe injuries were located in zone I (cornea, cornealscleral limbus), 15.0% in zone II (up to 5 mm posterior the sclerocorneal limbus) and 32.0% in zone III (posterior of zone 2). Affected structures were eyelids (17.7%), cornea (74.8%), iris (63.9%), lens (56.5%), sclera (48.3%), retina (47.6%) and optic nerve (19.7%). Mean preoperative BCVA was 1.304±0.794 logMAR and 1.289±0.729 logMAR after surgery (p=0.780). Patients with involvement of their posterior segment had significantly worse postoperative BCVA scores than patients without (1.523±0.654 logMAR vs. 0.944±0.708 logMAR, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Predictive factors for good visual outcome of open globe injuries are good initial visual acuity and ocular trauma affecting only zone I and II.
Expression and function of Ndel1 during the differentiation of neural stem cells induced by hippocampal exosomes
Authors: LI WEN , Wang Shanshan , He Hui , Qin Jianbing , Cheng Xiang , Zhao Heyan , Tian Meiling , Zhang Xinhua , Jin Guohua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn the brain of adult mammals, neural stem cells persist in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, which are specialized niches with proliferative capacity. Most neural stem cells are in a quiescent state, but in response to extrinsic stimuli, they can exit from quiescence and become reactivated to produce new neurons, so neural stem cells are considered to be a potential source for cell replacement therapy of many nervous system diseases. We characterized the expression of Ndel1 during the differentiation of neural stem cells induced by hippocampus exosomes, and assessed the effect of Ndel1 on neural stem cells differentiationMethodsHippocampal exosomes were isolated and extracted, and co-cultured exosomes with neural stem cells. Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to analyze expression of neuronal markers. Further, utilizing high-throughput RNA sequencing technology, we found that nudE neurodevelopment protein 1-like 1 was significantly up-regulated in exosomes derived from denervated hippocampus, and then characterized its mechanism and function during neural stem cells differentiation by qRT-PCR, western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence analyses.ResultsOur results revealed that exosomes of denervated hippocampus promoted the differentiation of neural stem cells into neuron. Hence, we identified that nudE neurodevelopment protein 1-like 1 (Ndel1) was significantly up-regulated and highly expressed in the nervous system. In addition, we found that miR-107-3p may regulate NSCs differentiation by targeting Ndel1.ConclusionsOur results revealed that deafferentation of the hippocampal exosomes co-cultured with NSCs could promote them to differentiate into neurons. Hence, we found that miR-107-3p may regulate NSCs differentiation by targeting Ndel1. Importantly, Ndel1 enhanced spatial learning and hippocampal neurogenesis in rats after FF transection In vivo. These findings set the stage for a better understanding of neurogenesis, a process that one day may inspire new treatments for central nervous system diseases.
Non-frontal Facial Expression Recognition Based on Salient Facial Patches
Authors: Jiang Bin , Zhang Qiuwen , Li Zuhe , Wu Qinggang , Zhang Huanlong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Methods using salient facial patches (SFP) play a significant role in research on facial expression recognition. However, most SFP methods use only frontal face images or videos for recognition, and do not consider variations of head position. In our view, SFP can also be a good choice to recognize facial expression under different head rotations, and thus we propose an algorithm for this purpose, called Profile Salient Facial Patches (PSFP). First, in order to detect the facial landmarks from profile face images, the tree-structured part model is used for pose-free landmark localization; this approach excels at detecting facial landmarks and estimating head poses. Second, to obtain the salient facial patches from profile face images, the facial patches are selected using the detected facial landmarks, while avoiding overlap with each other or going beyond the range of the actual face. For the purpose of analyzing the recognition performance of PSFP, three classical approaches for local feature extraction-histogram of oriented Gradients (HOG), local binary pattern (LBP), and Gabor were applied to extract profile facial expression features. Experimental results on radboud faces database show that PSFP with HOG features can achieve higher accuracies under the most head rotations.
Co-Transplantation of Hypoxia Pretreated Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells to Treat Rats With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Xiang Hang , Xiang Tianyuan , Zhang Hongxia , Xu Ann , Horwedel Matthew John , Zeng Qiang , Li Yang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHuman adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are ideal candidates for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), due to their favorable availability and regenerative potential. However, in vivo studies showed that ASCs are not resilient at the infarcted area, for a shortage of blood and oxygen supply. Material and methodsTo solve the problem of living in the hypoxic environment, we accommodated ASCs within the hypoxic condition. To enhance the capillary system, we combined the hypoxic pretreated ASCs (HP-ASCs) with cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMNCs), which have a great potential for neovascularization. We hypothesized that this combination system would improve the transplantation efficiency. ResultsIn vitro study showed that HP-ASCs had a wide range of paracrine function, with the incretion growth factors and their receptors, which would support the cell survivals. In addition, HP-ASCs also gained potentials in hypoxic adaptation (increased expression of HO-1 and SDF-1), as well as homing and immigrating abilities (CXCR4, ICAM-1 and ICAM-2). In vivo studies showed that, 30 days after transplantation in AMI rats, the HP-ASCs group had a better improvement in cardiac function; reduction of the infarct size; and decrease of ASCs death than the other groups (HP-ASCs > HP-ASCs + CBMNCs ≧ CBMNCs > PBS) (p<0.05). However, the combined group of HP-ASCs and CBMNCs had more significant angiogenesis than the other groups (HP-ASCs + CBMNCs > CBMNCs > HP-ASCs > PBS) (p <0.05).ConclusionsHP-ASCs alone had a greater potential in improving cardiac function in AMI rats. However, the combination of HP-ASCs and CBMNCs had a better result in angiogenesis.
Intestinal parasitic infections among HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy attending Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alemayehu Ermias , Gedefie Alemu , Adamu Aderaw , Mohammed Jemal , Kassanew Brhanu , Kebede Berhanu , Belete Melaku Ashagrie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Parasitic infections are known causes of morbidity among HIV infected patients with low CD4+ counts who are on antiretroviral therapy; mainly as a result of immune suppression. Thus, this study aimed to assess the extent of intestinal parasitic infection and its related risk factors among HIV infected patients attending ART clinic of Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia.Patients and methods: A health facility based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 383 HIV infected patients attending ART clinic of Debretabor General Hospital, Northern Ethiopia from December 2018 to March 2019. An interview based structured questionnaire were used to gather socio-demographic and risk factor data. About 5 grams of fresh stool specimen and 4 ml of venous blood sample were collected, then transported and tested in accordance with the laboratory standard operating procedures. The obtained data was entered into SPSS version 22.0; and analyzed. P-value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.Result: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 25.3%; with 18% and 23.8% by direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration technique respectively. 8 (2.1%) patients were infected by multiple parasites in concentration technique. Ascaris lumbricoides, 23(25.3%) was the most frequently identified parasite. Parasitic infection was significantly higher among illiterates (P=0.011); patients with a CD4 count of <200 cells/mm3 (P<0.001) and among patients who did not have latrine (P=0.049) than their counter parts.Conclusion: Relatively higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was found among HIV/AIDS patients. The distribution of intestinal parasites is greatly affected by illiteracy, reduced CD4+ counts and absence of toilet. Thus, HIV/AIDS patients with low CD4+ counts should be diagnosed consistently for intestinal parasites and routine stool examination and awareness creation should be advocated to be included as an essential component of the ART monitoring strategy for improved patient care.
Time Series Analysis of COVID-19 Data to Study the Effect of Lockdown and Unlock in India
Authors: Singh Saswat , Chowdhury Chandreyee , Panja Ayan Kumar , Neogy Sarmistha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused worldwide socioeconomic unrest, forcing governments to introduce extreme measures to reduce its spread. Being able to accurately forecast the effect of unlocking in India, would allow governments to alter their policies accordingly and plan ahead. The study investigated prediction forecasts using the ARIMA model on the COVID-19 data on the lockdown period and the unlock period. In this work, we have considered not only the no of positive COVID cases but also considered the number of tests carried out. The time-series data sample was collected till June 2020 and the prediction and analysis are done for August 2020. The model developed and the forecasted results align very closely with the actual no of cases and we have drawn some important inferences through experimentation.
Covid-19 and E- consultation in Orthopaedics: Experience on delineating the spectrum of Orthopaedic disorders amenable to treatment via Tele-consultation
Authors: Lingaiah Purushotham , Reddy Venkateshwar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Context: Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown scenario has forced to shut down the Outpatient consultation in hospitals and clinics. It was challenging to help out the patient population who were routine health care seekers for maintenance and follow-up.Aims: To tackle the prevailing routine Orthopaedic health care issue due to Covid-19 lockdown strategy through Tele-consultation and to delineate the spectrum of Orthopaedic disorders that were amenable to treatment by e-Consultation.Methods and Material: We executed two Tele consultation designs (Call based and App based) for our institution to reach out to the patients. The Orthopaedic patient characteristics and disease management was documented and analyzed.Results: A total of 468 consultations with diverse Orthopaedic disorders including Congenital lesions, Developmental and Metabolic disorders, Infective disorders, inflammatory disorders, Traumatic disorders, Tumours, Degenerative disorders and Repetitive Strain Injuries were addressed.Conclusions: Clinical decision making through Tele-consultation in Orthopaedics is demanding. However, majority of routine Orthopaedic disorders are amenable to management.
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyle and glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hosomi Yukako , Munekawa Chihiro , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Okamura Takuro , Takahashi Fuyuko , Kawano Rena , Nakajima Hanako , Majima Saori , Senmaru Takafumi , Nakanishi Naoko , Ushigome Emi , Hamaguchi Masahide , Yamazaki Masahiro , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the acute effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the lifestyle and metabolic parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes mellites (T1DM). Methods: This retrospective cohort study induced 34 patients who received our hospital from April 16 to May 1, 2020. Data regarding stress levels, sleep time, exercise, and total diet, snack, and prepared food intake were obtained from the questionnaires. To evaluate the pandemic effect on the changes in the body weight or HbA1c levels, we evaluated those differences of the values at the time the questionnaire was administered to those noted 3 months ago and those differences of 12 months ago and 15 months ago using paired t test. Results: Increased stress levels and decreased exercise levels were observed in approximately 60%, and 50% of the participants, during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a negative correlation between stress and exercise (r = -0.407, p = 0.021). Decreased sleep duration were associated with increased body weight (r = -0.40, p = 0.042). Furthermore, compared with 1 years ago, HbA1c was become worse (this year 0.12 [0.33] % in this year vs.-0.09 [0.39] % in 1 years ago, p = 0.027). Conclusions: Many patients experienced stress and decreased exercise due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The glycemic control of patients with T1DM was worse than last year. Given that the pandemic is ongoing, we should pay more attention to the management of stress and lifestyle factors in patients with T1DM.
Psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: The interplay between protective and risk factors
Authors: Petrocchi Serena , Iannello Paola , Ongaro Giulia , Antonietti Alessandro , Pravettoni Gabriella 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background. Individuals under quarantine, such as the one caused by SARS-CoV-2, experience severe distress. The present research aimed to test a model of relations to ascertain the determinants of distress. Worry, perceived utility of the lockdown, and health-related information seeking were mediators in the relationships between COVID-19 exposure, risk aversion, and intolerance for ambiguity, on one side, and distress on the other. Method. The study was conducted in Italy during the mandatory lockdown for the COVID-19 pandemic on 240 individuals (age range 18-76). Results. COVID-19 exposure was positively associated with worry about COVID-19 and health-related information seeking; risk aversion was positively associated with health-related information seeking and perceived utility of the lockdown to contain the spread of the virus. Worry and health-related information seeking were positively associated with distress, while the perceived utility of the lockdown was negatively associated with distress. Intolerance for ambiguity was directly linked to distress with a positive sign. Conclusions. Our evidence suggests that risk aversion represents both a risk factor and a protective factor based on what kind of variable mediates the relationship with distress. However, intolerance to ambiguity is a risk factor for buster distress.