bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and Subsequent Risk for Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Women
Authors: Sparks Jeffrey A. , Malspeis Susan , Hahn Jill , Wang Jiaqi , Roberts Andrea L. , Kubzansky Laura D. , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of depression with subsequent risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by serologic phenotype.MethodsWe performed a cohort study using pooled data from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1992–2014) and the NHSII (1993–2015). Depression was defined according to the following composite definition: diagnosis by clinician, regular antidepressant use, or a 5‐question Mental Health Inventory score of <60 using time‐updated questionnaires during follow‐up. Incident RA cases met research criteria by medical record review. Information on covariates, including smoking, diet, and body mass index, was obtained using questionnaires. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for RA risk (overall and by serologic phenotype) according to depression status and adjusted for potential confounders. All analyses included a time separation between assessments of depression and the window for RA risk of at least 4 years to lower the possibility that depressive symptoms due to early RA prior to diagnosis explained any associations.ResultsAmong 195,358 women, we identified 858 cases of incident RA (65% seropositive) over 3,087,556 person‐years (median 17.9 years per participant). Compared to women without depression, those with depression had multivariable HRs as follows: 1.28 (95% CI 1.10–1.48) for all RA; 1.12 (95% CI 0.93–1.35) for seropositive RA; and 1.63 (95% CI 1.27–2.09) for seronegative RA. When analyzing components of the composite depression exposure variable, regular antidepressant use was not associated with subsequent seropositive RA (HR 1.21 [95% CI 0.97–1.49]) and was associated with seronegative RA (HR 1.75 [95% CI 1.32–2.32]).ConclusionIndicators of depression, specifically antidepressant use, were associated with subsequent increased risk for seronegative RA, and this finding was not explained by measured lifestyle factors prior to clinical presentation.
Association of Dietary Quality With Risk of Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II
Authors: Barbhaiya Medha , Tedeschi Sara , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Leatherwood Cianna , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Willett Walter C. , Lu Bing , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveKnowledge remains scarce regarding diet and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk. Our objective was to investigate 4 dietary quality scores and SLE risk overall and by anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) positive versus negative subtypes.MethodsWe studied 79,568 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (1984–2014) and 93,554 in the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2013). Using validated food frequency questionnaires, we calculated 4 dietary scores: the 2010 Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI‐2010), the Alternative Mediterranean Diet Score (aMed), the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP). Incident SLE was confirmed by medical record review. Time‐varying Cox regression models estimated pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of SLE risk, overall and by anti‐dsDNA, for cumulative average dietary quality score tertiles and individual AHEI‐2010 components.ResultsWe identified 194 incident SLE cases. SLE risk was similar in women with the highest (versus lowest) dietary scores (AHEI‐2010 HR 0.78 [95% CI 0.54–1.14], aMed HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.56–1.18], DASH HR 1.16 [95% CI 0.81–1.66], EDIP HR 0.83 [95% CI 0.57–1.21]). No association was demonstrated for anti‐dsDNA+ or anti‐dsDNA– SLE risk. Women in the highest (versus lowest) AHEI‐2010 tertile of nut/legume intake had a decreased SLE risk (HR 0.59 [95% CI 0.40–0.87]). No association was demonstrated for other AHEI‐2010 components and SLE risk.ConclusionWe observed no association between long‐term adherence to the AHEI‐2010, aMed, DASH, or EDIP scores with SLE risk, suggesting a large effect of dietary quality on SLE risk is unlikely. However, potential reduction in overall SLE risk with high nut/legume intake warrants further investigation.
Significant Gains in Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality Measures Among RISE Registry Practices
Authors: Izadi Zara , Schmajuk Gabriela , Gianfrancesco Milena , Subash Meera , Evans Michael , Trupin Laura , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveUsing the American College of Rheumatology Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) registry, our objective was to examine performance on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) quality measures and to assess the association between practice characteristics and changes in performance over time among participating practices.MethodsWe analyzed data from practices enrolled in RISE between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2017. Eight quality measures in the areas of RA disease management, cardiovascular risk reduction, and patient safety were examined. Variability in performance was evaluated at the practice level. Multivariate linear models were used to predict change in measure performance by year and to determine the effect of practice characteristics on change in performance over time.ResultsData from 59,986 patients from 54 practices were examined. The mean ± SD age was 62 ± 14 years, 77% were female, 69% were Caucasian, and most patients were seen in a single‐specialty group practice (46%). The average performance on measures related to RA treatments was consistently high (>90%) across the study period. Measures related to RA functional status and disease activity assessment had the greatest improvements over time (8.4% and 13.0% increase per year, respectively; P < 0.001). Single‐specialty group practices had the fastest rates of improvement over time across all measures.ConclusionAmong practices participating in RISE between 2015 and 2017, performance on most RA quality measures improved. Single‐specialty group practices saw the fastest rates of improvement over time. Identification of workflow patterns leading to dramatic improvements in quality of care will help guide process redesign to address gaps in priority areas, such as tuberculosis screening and blood pressure control.
Quality of Care for Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Data From the American College of Rheumatology RISE Registry
Authors: Schmajuk Gabriela , Li Jing , Evans Michael , Anastasiou Christine , Kay Julia L. , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveAlthough multiple national quality measures focus on the management and safety of rheumatoid arthritis, few measures address the care of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our objective was to apply a group of quality measures relevant to the care of patients with SLE, and we used the American College of Rheumatology's Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) registry to assess nationwide variations in care.MethodsThe data derived from RISE and included patients who had ≥2 visits with SLE codes ≥30 days apart in 2017–2018. We calculated performance on 5 quality measures: renal disease screening, blood pressure assessment and management, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) prescribing, safe dosing for HCQ, and prolonged glucocorticoid use at doses of >7.5 mg/day. We reported performance on these measures at the practice level. We used logistic regression to assess independent predictors of performance after adjusting for sociodemographic and utilization factors.ResultsWe included 27,567 unique patients from 186 practices; 91.7% were female and 48% White, with a mean age of 53.5 ± 15.2 years. Few patients had adequate screening for the development of renal manifestations (39.5%). Although blood pressure assessment was common (94.4%), a meaningful fraction of patients had untreated hypertension (17.7%). Many received HCQ (71.5%), but only 62% at doses of ≤5.0 mg/kg/day. Some received at least moderate‐dose steroids for ≥90 days (18.5%). We observed significant practice variation on every measure.ConclusionWe found potential gaps in care for patients with SLE across the US. Although some performance variation may be explained by differences in disease severity, dramatic differences suggest that developing quality measures to address important health care processes in SLE may improve care.
Polymer‐Based Low‐Temperature Thermoelectric Composites
Authors: Yusupov Khabib , Vomiero Alberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThermoelectric materials allow direct conversion of waste heat energy into electrical energy, thus contributing to solving energy related issues. Polymer‐based materials have been considered for use in heat conversion in the temperature range from 20 to 200 °C, within which conventional materials are not efficient enough, whereas polymers due to their good electronic transport properties, easy processability, non‐toxicity, flexibility, abundance, and simplicity of adjustment, are considered as promising materials. Due to the large variety of available polymers and the almost unlimited combinations of possible modifications, the field of polymer‐based thermoelectrics is very rapidly developing, already reaching efficiency values close to those of inorganic systems. In the current progress report, the most recent advances in the field are discussed. New approaches to improve thermoelectric performance are described, with a focus on revising the mechanisms to improve the thermoelectric properties of the three most investigated polymer matrixes: poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonat, poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl), and polyaniline, alongside the three main paths of optimizing properties: incorporation of carbon‐based material and inorganic substances, and treatment with chemical agents. The most promising research in the field is highlighted and thoroughly analyzed. The path toward a lab‐to‐fab transition for thermoelectric polymers is suggested in perspective.
Bioencapsulated MXene Flakes for Enhanced Stability and Composite Precursors
Authors: Krecker Michelle C. , Bukharina Daria , Hatter Christine B. , Gogotsi Yury , Tsukruk Vladimir V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHere it is shown that Ti3C2Tx MXene flakes can be co‐assembled with recombinant silk fibroin in aqueous suspensions with silk fibroin nanolayers uniformly covering individual flakes. These bioencapsulated flakes evolve with time due to the gradual growth of silk bundles having β‐sheet secondary organization with unique nanofibrillar morphologies extending across flake edges and forming long fringes around individual MXene flakes. This spontaneous reorganization of recombinant silk suggests surface template‐initiated formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding of silk backbones assisted by intermolecular electrostatic and hydrogen bonding with the MXene flake. The formation of dense and hydrophobic β‐sheets results in development of a protective shell that hinders the surface oxidation of Ti3C2Tx in colloidal solution in water and significantly extends the storage life of the individual MXene flakes. Moreover, assembly into organized laminated composites with individual bioencapsulated flakes tightly interconnected via biopolymer bundles and hairs produces robust freestanding electrically conductive membranes with enhanced transport properties.
Programmable Multiple Plasmonic Resonances of Nanoparticle Superlattice for Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Activity
Authors: Xu Rui , Wen Liaoyong , Wang Zhijie , Zhao Huaping , Mu Guannan , Zeng Zhiqiang , Zhou Min , Bohm Sebastian , Zhang Huanming , Wu Yuhan , Runge Erich , Lei Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBuilding nanoparticle (NP) superlattices formed in a complex fashion by subsets that can be explored separately presents a promising approach to realize the next generation of superlattices for different applications. Here, by incorporating self‐aligned and geometrically different subsets of Au NPs into one matrix with the assistance of multi‐pore anodic alumina oxide templates, scaled‐up NP superlattices are constructed with programmable multiple plasmonic resonances. The inter‐peak spectral distance is tailored in a broad wavelength range from less than 50 nm up to about 1000 nm through altering not only the size and height of each subset, but also the number and nature of the NP subset. Importantly, a mechanical oscillator model is developed to elucidate the microscopic origin of the spectral programmability and to reproduce the parameter dependence of the multiple plasmonic resonances. A photoelectrochemical cell using Au NP superlattice embedded photoanodes is investigated as a proof‐of‐concept, demonstrating a high photoresponse improvement of about 260% compared to that of bare film reference. In light of the compatibility of this technique with other plasmonic materials and the geometrical tunability, these findings enable systematic optical controlling toward optical devices with multimodal plasmonics.
Polarization‐Independent Wavefront Manipulation of Surface Plasmons with Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Lin , Ren Tangxuan , Zhao Yang , Yu Qiang , Huang Zengli , Zhang Kai , Wen Jing , Lin Feng , Chen Shuqi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlasmonic metasurfaces show great potential to manipulate the wavefront of surface plasmons (SPs) and enable realization of various chip‐level photonic devices. However, the current configurations can merely operate under specific incident polarization state and/or have limitation in independently tuning the phase and amplitude of SPs, although arbitrary incident polarization state is allowed. There is still the lack of a metasurface scheme that not only can couple spatial light waves into SPs under arbitrary polarization states, but also can independently modulate the amplitude and phase of the generated SPs. Here, it is proposed and experimentally demonstrated that double‐lined metallic nanoslits can be well designed to overcome these limitations. Practical metadevices are designed and fabricated for generating polarization‐independent plasmonic Airy beams, near‐field focusing, and intensity‐preserved “lossless” beams, and their excellent performances at 633 nm are characterized with near‐field scanning optical microscope. The presented results will offer opportunities for the practical plasmonic devices and applications based on the plasmonic metasurfaces.
Multicenter randomized phase II trial of prophylactic right‐half dissection of superior mesenteric artery nerve plexus in pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer
Authors: Yamada Suguru , Satoi Sohei , Takami Hideki , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Yoshioka Isaku , Sonohara Fuminori , Yamaki So , Shibuya Kazuto , Hayashi Masamichi , Hashimoto Daisuke , Ando Masahiko , Murotani Kenta , Sekimoto Mitsugu , Kodera Yasuhiro , Fujii Tsutomu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimRight‐half dissection of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) nerve plexus in pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer was initiated to accomplish R0 resection; however, subsequent refractory diarrhea was a major concern. This study aimed to evaluate the necessity of this technique.MethodsFrom April 2014 to June 2018, 74 patients with pancreatic head cancer were randomly allocated to either Group A, in which right‐half dissection of the SMA nerve plexus was performed (n = 37), or Group B, in which total preservation of the nerve plexus was performed (n = 37). Short‐term, long‐term, and survival outcomes were prospectively compared between the groups.ResultsThe patient demographics, including the R0 resection rate, were not significantly different between the groups. Postoperative diarrhea occurred in 26 (70.3%) patients in Group A and 18 (48.6%) patients in Group B. There was a tendency for the development of severe diarrhea in Group A within 1 year postoperatively, and the frequency of diarrhea gradually decreased within 2 years, although that did not affect tolerance to adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no difference in either locoregional recurrence (27.0% vs 32.4%) or systemic recurrence (46.0% vs 46.0%). The median overall survival time in Groups A and B was 37.9 and 34.6 months, respectively (P = 0.77).ConclusionWe did not demonstrate a clinical impact of right‐half dissection of the SMA nerve plexus on locoregional recurrence or survival. Therefore, the prophylactic dissection of the SMA nerve plexus is unnecessary given that refractory diarrhea could be induced by this technique (UMIN000012241).
Clinical characteristics of individuals with Down syndrome deceased with CoVID‐19 in Italy—A case series
Authors: Villani Emanuele Rocco , Carfì Angelo , Di Paola Antonella , Palmieri Luigi , Donfrancesco Chiara , Lo Noce Cinzia , Taruscio Domenica , Meli Paola , Salerno Paolo , Kodra Yllka , Pricci Flavia , Tamburo de Bella Manuela , Floridia Marco , Onder Graziano ,   The Italian National Institute of Health CoVID‐19 Mortality Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPersons with Down syndrome (DS) are presumed to be at high risk of severe CoVID‐19, due to immune dysregulation and often compromised cardiopulmonary function. Aim of the present study is to assess epidemiological and clinical characteristics of individuals with DS deceased in Italian hospitals with CoVID‐19.METHODSWe used a nationwide database of 3,438 patients deceased with RT‐PCR‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Italy (10.4% of all deaths with CoVID‐19 in the country at the time of analysis). Data on demographics, pre‐existing comorbidities and in‐hospital complications leading to death were extracted from medical charts obtained from hospitals. Data on individuals with DS deceased with CoVID‐19 were obtained from this sample.RESULTSSixteen cases of death in individuals with DS (0.5% of all charts analyzed) were identified. Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred in all 16 cases. Compared with individuals without DS, those with DS deceased with CoVID‐19 were younger (52.3 ± 7.3 vs. 78.1 ± 10.6 years, p < .001) and presented a higher incidence of superinfections (31.2 vs. 13.0%, p = .029). Autoimmune diseases (43.8 vs. 4%, p < .001), obesity (37.5 vs. 11%, p = .009), and dementia (37.5 vs. 16.3%, p = .012) were more prevalent in individuals with DS. ICU admissions was similar in both groups (25 vs. 18.8%, p = .129).CONCLUSIONSIndividuals with DS deceased with CoVID‐19 are younger than individuals without DS. Comorbidity burden and increased risk of complications (i.e., bacterial superinfections) can influence CoVID‐19 prognosis in individuals with DS. Specific strategies to prevent and mitigate the effects of CoVID‐19 in the population with DS are needed.
Leveraging genetic ancestry to study health disparities
Authors: Batai Ken , Hooker Stanley , Kittles Rick A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch to understand human genomic variation and its implications in health has great potential to contribute in the reduction of health disparities. Biological anthropology can play important roles in genomics and health disparities research using a biocultural approach. This paper argues that racial/ethnic categories should not be used as a surrogate for sociocultural factors or global genomic clusters in biomedical research or clinical settings, because of the high genetic heterogeneity that exists within traditional racial/ethnic groups. Genetic ancestry is used to show variation in ancestral genomic contributions to recently admixed populations in the United States, such as African Americans and Hispanic/Latino Americans. Genetic ancestry estimates are also used to examine the relationship between ancestry‐related biological and sociocultural factors affecting health disparities. To localize areas of genomes that contribute to health disparities, admixture mapping and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) are often used. Recent GWAS have identified many genetic variants that are highly differentiated among human populations that are associated with disease risk. Some of these are population‐specific variants. Many of these variants may impact disease risk and help explain a portion of the difference in disease burden among racial/ethnic groups. Genetic ancestry is also of particular interest in precision medicine and disparities in drug efficacy and outcomes. By using genetic ancestry, we can learn about potential biological differences that may contribute to the heterogeneity observed across self‐reported racial groups.
Superior turbinate management and olfactory outcome after endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma: a propensity score‒matched cohort study
Authors: Li Pu , Luo Kai , Zhang Qiuhang , Wang Zhenlin 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundSurgical management of the superior turbinate (ST) is required to access the sella in endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for pituitary adenoma. Two common ST management techniques include partial resection of the ST (PRST) and intentional lateralization of the ST (ILST). Given the concentrated distribution of the olfactory nerve fibers on the medial surface of the ST, in this study we aimed to ascertain whether PRST worsens the objective olfactory outcome when compared with ILST.MethodsA retrospective, propensity score‒matched cohort study was performed at a tertiary referral center. A total of 232 adult patients undergoing EETS for pituitary adenoma were analyzed. The threshold test (STT) and the 12‐item identification test (SIT‐12) from “Sniffin’ Sticks” were administered for separate nostrils preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively.ResultsOf 232 patients, 109 had right‐sided PRST and 123 received right‐sided ILST. Propensity score matching—controlling for olfactory‐related confounding factors, including gender, age, medical comorbidities, surgical technique, and preoperative olfaction—resulted in 74 matched pairs. When comparing the 6‐month postoperative olfactory performance of the right nostril, the STT score was significantly lower in the PRST group than the ILST group (p = 0.036, η2 for effect size estimate = 0.030), but the SIT‐12 scores were similar in the 2 groups (p = 0.325). Overall, the olfactory outcomes for the right nostril did not qualitatively differ between the PRST and ILST groups (p = 0.401).ConclusionDespite its association with threshold impairment, PRST in EETS does not seem to carry an additional risk of postoperative olfactory dysfunction.