bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Rosana Yenni 
Published: October 2020

The government plays an important role in ensuring the country’s development. Similarly, for a province; the government of a province should take actions to improve the quality of the province. However, besides the government there are the role of civil society organizations that could not be ignored. If the government and civil society organizations’ perspectives are contradicting to each other, community will be living in ambiguous situation; there could be some of the community will choose to be in the civil society organizations’ sides, or in support to the government. This essay will describe how the people in Aceh Province in Indonesia has experienced various challenge because of there were some contradictions between the government and certain civil society organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to have good cooperation between government and civil society organizations. Although the civil society organizations will act as oppositions or partners of government, but it should synergy with the main aims should be for the better life of the people; community development.
Keywords: government, civil society organizations, community, development
Prácticas al momento de la ablactación en Chitré, Herrera
Authors: Maguire Denise J. , Visovsky Constance F. , Hernández Ivonne , Palacios Linnette , Huerta Andrea , López Castillo Humberto 
Published: October 2020

Introducción: Durante los años 90 en Panamá, un programa patrocinado por los EE. UU. llevo a cabo la Iniciativa para los Hospitales Amigos de los Niños (IHAN) como guía para educar a los profesionales clínicos, al público y a las mujeres en edad reproductiva sobre los beneficios de la lactancia materna. Como resultado, Panamá tiene actualmente la mayor proporción de mujeres que ofrece el pecho materno dentro de la primera hora de vida (89.9%), pero una de las menores tasas en la región de alimentación exclusiva al pecho materno hasta los 6 meses de edad. Este estudio explora la relación entre las practicas alrededor del periodo de ablactación y la historia nutricional del lactante en mujeres panameñas con un niño de hasta 1 año de edad utilizando un diseño transversal.
Materiales y Métodos: Se invito una muestra por conveniencia de 35 binomios madre-hijo en dos Centros de Salud de Chitré, Herrera. Las mujeres que consintieron participar en el estudio completaron la Escala de Autoeficacia para la Lactancia Materna, Formulario Corto (BSES-SF) y se compararon las medidas antropométricas del niño utilizando los nomogramas de los CDC.
Resultados: Los puntajes del BSES-SF variaron entre 29 y 56 (media = 44.2, DE = 7.9) puntos. Siete lactantes fueron considerados a riesgo para retraso en el Desarrollo; 40% estuvieron a riesgo de talla baja y 2 estuvieron a riesgo de sobrepeso.
Conclusión: A pesar de que Panamá duplicó su cantidad de IHAN a 16%, muchos lactantes continúan a riesgo nutricional.

Palabras clave: ablactación, lactantes, Panamá, autoeficacia
Tétanos, una enfermedad que se creyó superada: revisión de caso
Authors: Mendienta Iván A. , Florián Rodríguez Diana C. , Donato Marco , Alvarado Manuel , Vargas Sonia , Ríos Blanca , Toala Publio , Mendoza Ovidio , Miguelena Dayra , Coronado Luis 
Published: October 2020

Resumen
El tétanos generalizado es una enfermedad infecciosa altamente mortal sin intervenciones médicas y en nuestro tiempo, prevenible mediante inmunización activa. Se presenta el caso de un preescolar de 4 años quien sufre herida cortante en la palma de la mano izquierda y quien se presenta 4 días más tarde con datos clínicos de tétanos generalizado. Fue intubado y admitido a la terapia intensiva del Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel. Su hospitalización se vio caracterizada por neumonía nosocomial, una lesión anfractuosa lingual e inestabilidad autonómica. Además de la antibioticoterapia con metronidazol y la aplicación de inmunoglobulina antitetánica, precisó apoyo hemodinámico con dobutamina y norepinefrina. Para lograr un completo control de las crisis de hipertonía, se ofreció manejo con infusión de midazolam, levetiracetam, clobazam, baclofeno y toxina botulínica.
Palabras clave: tétanos generalizado, inmunización, inestabilidad autonómica, opistótonos, trismos.
THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPING PRACTICAL THINKING THE SUBJECT OF LABOR IN THE RESEARCH OF D. N. ZAVALISHINA
Authors: Обознов А.А. 
Published: October 2020

Проанализирован вклад Д.Н. Завалишиной в изучение развития практического мышления субъекта труда. Отмечена социальная значимость психологических исследований развития и самореализации творческого потенциала субъекта труда в современном техногенном мире. Рассмотрены исследования Д.Н. Завалишиной, посвященные творческим аспектам практического мышления и их проявления в профессиональной деятельности. Показано, что автор рассматривает специалиста с позиций онтологического субъекта, что предполагает его соотнесение с основными отношениями к миру; с выбранными им способами существования в этих основных отношениях к миру; с событиями прошлого и будущего в его жизни.
The contribution of D. N. Zavalishina to the study of the development of practical thinking of the subject of labor is analyzed. The social significance of psychological research on the development and self-realization of the creative potential of the subject of labor in the modern technogenic world is noted. D. N. Zavalishina's research on creative aspects of practical thinking and their manifestation in professional activity is considered. It is shown that the author considers the specialist from the position of an ontological subject, which implies its correlation with the main relations to the world; with the ways of existence chosen by him in these main relations to the world; with the events of the past and future in his life.
RUSSIAN VALIDATION OF THE CONSIDERATION OF FUTURE CONSEQUENCES SCALE (CFC-14)
Authors: Нестик Т.А. 
Published: October 2020

В статье представлен анализ ориентации на учет будущих последствий как одного из компонентов долгосрочной ориентации личности. Представлены результаты апробации шкалы учета будущих последствий (CFC-14; Strathman et al., 1994; Joireman et al., 2012). В ходе конфирматорного факторного анализа число утверждений было сокращено до 13 (CFC-13), была подтверждена двухфакторная структура методики, в которой один из факторов отражает ориентацию на краткосрочные последствия поведения, а второй - ориентацию на учет последствий в долгосрочном будущем. Разработана краткая версия методики (CFC-6), которая может быть использована в массовых опросах и онлайн-исследованиях. Выявлена связь учета ближайших и будущих последствий с характеристиками временной перспективы. Проведенная проверка шкал полной и краткой версий на ретестовую надежность, конвергентную, дискриминантную и критериальную валидность показала, что обе версии методики могут быть использованы в русскоязычных исследованиях для измерения долгосрочной ориентации личности. Намечены перспективные направления дальнейших исследований.
The article presents the results of adaptation of the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFC-14; Strathman et al., 1994; Joireman et al., 2012) into Russian. Using a web-based survey, data were collected from 1443 participants (53,6% women) aged 17-85 years (M=33.2). CFA showed a two-factor model as the best solution for the 13-items version (GFI=0,986; CFI=0,985, RMSEA=0.033; SRMR 0.025; Pclose=1). Standardized regression weights (p<0.001) ranged from 0.419 to 0.642 for CFC-F and between 0.471 and 0.785 for CFC-I. Cronbach’s alpha was also adequate: CFC-F achieved 0.781 and CFC-I 0.811. There were no differences across gender and age. The CFC-F and ZTPI-Future subscales correlation was positive and significant. A short version of the scale (CFC-6) has been developed, which can be used in large sample surveys and online research. Our verification of the CFC-13 and CFC-6 scales for retest reliability, convergent, discriminant and criterion validity showed that both versions have adequate psychometric properties in a Russian population. Promising directions for further research are outlined.
Shear-driven Transition to Isotropically Turbulent Solar Wind Outside the Alfvén Critical Zone
Authors: Ruffolo D. , Matthaeus W. H. , Chhiber R. , Usmanov A. V. , Yang 杨 Y. 艳 , Bandyopadhyay R. , Parashar T. N. , Goldstein M. L. , DeForest C. E. , Wan 万敏 M. 平 , Chasapis A. , Maruca B. A. , Velli M. , Kasper J. C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Motivated by prior remote observations of a transition from striated solar coronal structures to more isotropic “flocculated” fluctuations, we propose that the dynamics of the inner solar wind just outside the Alfvén critical zone, and in the vicinity of the first

surface, is powered by the relative velocities of adjacent coronal magnetic flux tubes. We suggest that large-amplitude flow contrasts are magnetically constrained at lower altitude but shear-driven dynamics are triggered as such constraints are released above the Alfvén critical zone, as suggested by global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations that include self-consistent turbulence transport. We argue that this dynamical evolution accounts for features observed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) near initial perihelia, including magnetic “switchbacks,” and large transverse velocities that are partially corotational and saturate near the local Alfvén speed. Large-scale magnetic increments are more longitudinal than latitudinal, a state unlikely to originate in or below the lower corona. We attribute this to preferentially longitudinal velocity shear from varying degrees of corotation. Supporting evidence includes comparison with a high Mach number three-dimensional compressible MHD simulation of nonlinear shear-driven turbulence, reproducing several observed diagnostics, including characteristic distributions of fluctuations that are qualitatively similar to PSP observations near the first perihelion. The concurrence of evidence from remote sensing observations, in situ measurements, and both global and local simulations supports the idea that the dynamics just above the Alfvén critical zone boost low-frequency plasma turbulence to the level routinely observed throughout the explored solar system.
Multi-gigayear White Dwarf Cooling Delays from Clustering-enhanced Gravitational Sedimentation
Authors: Bauer Evan B. , Schwab Josiah , Bildsten Lars , Sihao Cheng 程 思浩 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cooling white dwarfs (WDs) can yield accurate ages when theoretical cooling models fully account for the physics of the dense plasma of WD interiors. We use MESA to investigate cooling models for a set of massive and ultramassive WDs (0.9–1.3

) for which previous models have failed to match kinematic age indicators based on Gaia DR2. We find that the WDs in this population can be explained as C/O cores experiencing unexpectedly rapid 22Ne sedimentation in the strongly liquid interior just prior to crystallization. We propose that this rapid sedimentation is due to the formation of solid clusters of 22Ne in the liquid C/O background plasma. We show that these heavier solid clusters sink faster than individual 22Ne ions and enhance the sedimentation heating rate enough to dramatically slow WD cooling. MESA models including our prescription for cluster formation and sedimentation experience cooling delays of ≈4 Gyr on the WD Q branch, alleviating tension between cooling ages and kinematic ages. This same model then predicts cooling delays coinciding with crystallization of 6 Gyr or more in lower-mass WDs (0.6–0.8

). Such delays are compatible with, and perhaps required by, observations of WD populations in the local 100 pc WD sample and the open cluster NGC 6791. These results motivate new investigations of the physics of strongly coupled C/O/Ne plasma mixtures in the strongly liquid state near crystallization and tests through comparisons with observed WD cooling.
Preliminary Target Selection for the DESI Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) Sample
Authors: Raichoor Anand , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Karim Tanveer , Newman Jeffrey A. , Moustakas John , Brooks David D. , Dawson Kyle S. , Dey Arjun , Duan Yutong , Eftekharzadeh Sarah , Gaztañaga Enrique , Kehoe Robert , Landriau Martin , Lang Dustin , Lee Jae H. , Levi Michael E. , Meisner Aaron M. , Myers Adam D. , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie , Poppett Claire , Prada Francisco , Ross Ashley J. , Schlegel David J. , Schubnell Michael , Staten Ryan , Tarlé Gregory , Tojeiro Rita , Yèche Christophe , Zhou Rongpu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
DESI will precisely constrain cosmic expansion and the growth of structure by collecting ∼35 million redshifts across ∼80% of cosmic history and one third of the sky to study Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and Redshift Space Distortions (RSD). We present a preliminary target selection for an Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) sample, which will comprise about half of all DESI tracers. The selection consists of a g-band magnitude cut and a (g − r) versus (r − z) color box, which we validate using HSC/PDR2 photometric redshifts and DEEP2 spectroscopy. The ELG target density should be ∼2400 deg−2, with ∼65% of ELG redshifts reliably within a redshift range of 0.6 < z < 1.6. ELG targeting for DESI will be finalized during a “Survey Validation” phase.
The application of selected invasion frameworks to urban ecosystems
Authors: Potgieter Luke J. , Cadotte Marc W. 
Published: October 2020

Urbanization is a major driver of global change. Profound human-mediated changes to urban environments have provided increased opportunities for species to invade. The desire to understand and manage biological invasions has led to an upsurge in frameworks describing the mechanisms underpinning the invasion process and the ecological and socio-economic impacts of invading taxa. This paper assesses the applicability of three commonly used invasion frameworks to urban ecosystems. The first framework describes the mechanisms leading to invasion; the second and third frameworks assess individual species, and their associated environmental and socio-economic impacts, respectively.
In urban areas, the relative effectiveness of the barriers to invasion is diminished (to varying degrees) allowing a greater proportion of species to move through each subsequent invasion stage, i.e. “the urban effect” on invasion. Impact classification schemes inadequately circumscribe the full suite of impacts (negative and positive) associated with invasions in urban areas. We suggest ways of modifying these frameworks to improve their applicability to understanding and managing urban invasions.
Benefits of Methotrexate Use on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Initiating Biologic Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Xie Fenglong , Chen Lang , Yun Huifeng , Levitan Emily B. , Curtis Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2020

Objective.Methotrexate (MTX) has been associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) not exposed to biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). The effect of concomitant MTX on CVD risk among RA patients initiating bDMARDs remains unknown.Methods.A retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess the effect of MTX on CVD risk using 2006–2015 Medicare claims data for patients with RA initiating bDMARD. The main exposure was current use of MTX, updated in a time-varying fashion. The primary outcome was a composite of incident myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and fatal CVD. Secondary outcomes were each event that comprised the primary outcome. Incidence rates (IR) and 95% CI were calculated using Poisson regression. Associations between MTX and risk of CVD were assessed using Cox regression.Results.A total of 88,255 bDMARD initiations and 1861 CVD events were included in this study. Mean age was 64.6 (12.3) years, 84.0% were female, and 68.2% were non-Hispanic White. The crude IRs (95% CI) for CVD were 17.9 (16.9–18.8) and 12.1 (11.1–13.2) per 1000 patient-years among MTX unexposed and exposed, respectively. The multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) for CVD events associated with MTX was 0.76 (0.68–0.85). Multivariable adjusted HRs were 0.78 (0.66–0.91), 0.74 (0.62–0.88), 0.77 (0.68–0.86), and 0.82 (0.73–0.93) for MI, stroke, MI or stroke, and a composite CVD outcome, respectively. Results were robust in sensitivity and subgroup analyses.Conclusion.Among patients with RA receiving biologics, concomitant MTX use was associated with a 24% lower risk for CVD events.
The Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Population-based Studies
Authors: Almutairi Khalid B. , Nossent Johannes C. , Preen David B. , Keen Helen I. , Inderjeeth Charles A. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from international population-based studies and investigate the influence of prevalence definition, data sources, classification criteria, and geographical area on RA prevalence.MethodsA search of ProQuest, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE was undertaken to identify population-based studies investigating RA prevalence between 1980 and 2019. Studies were reviewed using the Joanna Briggs Institute approach for the systematic review and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.ResultsSixty studies met the inclusion criteria. There was a wide range of point prevalence reported (0.00–2.70%) with a mean of 0.56% (SD 0.51) between 1986 and 2014, and a mean period prevalence of 0.51% (SD 0.35) between 1955 and 2015. RA point and period prevalence was higher in urban settings (0.69% vs 0.48%) than in rural settings (0.54% vs 0.25%). An RA diagnosis validated by rheumatologists yielded the highest period prevalence of RA and was observed in linked databases (0.80%, SD 0.1).ConclusionThe literature reports a wide range of point and period prevalence based on population and method of data collection, but average point and period prevalence of RA were 51 in 10,000 and 56 in 10,000, respectively. Higher urban vs rural prevalence may be biased due to poor case findings in areas with less healthcare or differences in risk environment. The population database studies were more consistent than sampling studies, and linked databases in different continents appeared to provide a consistent estimate of RA period prevalence, confirming the high value of rheumatologist diagnosis as classification criteria.
National Priorities for High-quality Rheumatology Transition Care for Youth in Canada
Authors: Barnabe Cheryl , Chomistek Kelsey , Luca Nadia , Hazlewood Glen , Barber Claire E.H. , Steiman Amanda , Stringer Elizabeth 
Published: October 2020

Objective.To conduct a needs assessment and environmental scan to support optimal transition from pediatric to adult rheumatology care in Canada.Methods.This initiative involved 3 phases: (1) a survey-based needs assessment of adult and pediatric rheumatologist members of the Canadian Rheumatology Association to identify perceived infrastructure, educational needs, and national resources to support transition care; (2) an environmental scan, through semistructured interviews, of existing rheumatology transition service care models and challenges in care delivery; and (3) a focus group to prioritize national activities.Results.The needs assessment survey was completed by 65 members, with 66% agreeing that a national approach to transition care was needed. Semistructured interviews reflecting activities at 9 transition care sites were conducted, and they identified candidate models of care, including direct transfer, progressive transfer, and shared care models. Challenges and needs experienced in these care models reflected resource and infrastructure needs, poor availability of mechanisms to support parents and youth through the transition process, and the need for evaluation to support quality improvement. The focus group and prioritization activity was attended by 26 participants, with each having the ability to cast 3 votes. “Supporting patient education for transition to adult rheumatology health care system” (n = 17 votes) and “advocacy activities to access allied health support, including funding” (n = 10 votes) emerged as the top priorities for national initiatives.Conclusion.We have identified priorities in education and advocacy for advancing transition care in Canada that require participation of pediatric and adult rheumatology providers, patients, and arthritis stakeholders in the interest of advancing transition care outcomes.
Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Psoriatic Arthritis: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Wilton Katelynn M. , Achenbach Sara J. , Karmacharya Paras , Ernste Floranne C. , Matteson Eric L. , Crowson Cynthia S. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo define the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a population-based cohort of men with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsData pertaining to demographics, ED, and potential confounding diagnosis were extracted from a comprehensive medical record system for a population-based cohort of men with PsA and an age-matched male comparator cohort. Cumulative incidence of ED adjusted for competing risk of death was compared between the 2 cohorts.ResultsThere were 128 age-matched pairs of men with PsA and without PsA in the described cohorts. At baseline, there was a 7% prevalence of ED in men with PsA prior to diagnosis compared to a 3% prevalence of ED in the comparator cohort (P = 0.16). After PsA diagnosis/index date, diagnosis with PsA was associated with an increased risk of ED (age-adjusted HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.79–2.68), but this association did not reach statistical significance. This was based on 24 cases of ED in the men with PsA and 18 cases within the comparator cohort. No confounding factors or ED treatment strategies differed significantly between men with PsA and ED and comparators with ED.ConclusionMen with PsA may have an increased risk of ED, which was detected but likely underpowered in this study. Whether this difference is secondary to higher prevalence of traditional risk factors of ED in men with PsA compared to the general population will require further study.
The Position of STEM Higher Education Courses in the Labor Market
Authors: Kersanszki Tamas Laszlo , Nadai Laszlo 
Published: October 2020

Using the Hungarian Higher Education Enrollment and Student Statistics, we address the major higher educational challenges facing STEM education, not only in Hungary but also in the European Union. We include the lack of methodologies for a transition to upper secondary education, the low enrollment rate for STEM programs and the high drop-out rates in these programs for various countries, including the presence of 'fall objects'. Based on enrollment numbers, we capture the characteristics of STEM undergraduate and graduate courses and training institutions, highlighting the regional differences and the resulting individual interventions.
Examining the statistical evidence behind STEM training, we conclude that Hungarian applicants for higher education do not have sufficient information concerning possible STEM career paths. The Labor market needs are not sufficiently reflected in curriculums and the development of basic competencies are not provided. The education is, therefore, typically, far from real-world workplace situations and problem-solving needs.
This study points to a need to reinterpret STEM training, to ensure future supply, through training and career guidance, highlighting a more active involvement of women and disadvantaged groups in STEM courses.