bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison among innovative plants for high quality extra‐virgin olive oil production
Authors: Altieri Giuseppe , Genovese Francesco , Matera Attilio , Di Renzo Giovanni Carlo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cleaning operation of extra‐virgin olive oil (EVOO), subsequent to its extraction, is generally performed by means of a vertical disc stack centrifuge separator causing qualitative damage due to increased oxidative alterations. However, previous works have demonstrated the great opportunity that settling represents in order to improve the EVOO quality performing the separation operation with minimal qualitative damage.RESULTSA new patented prototype device (ROTASED, RS) has been used in the cleaning operation of extra‐virgin olive comparing physical and chemical characterization of EVOO after 48 h from extraction and after 180 days of shelf‐life. In addition, the results have been compared with those obtained using an assisted sedimentation (AS) plant and an enhanced sedimentation plant by hydrocyclone (H) from previous authorsʼ works, in order to assess the improvement of EVOO quality that could be attained with respect to the use of the vertical disc stack centrifuge separator.CONCLUSIONThe results show that after 48 h of storage the tested patented prototype device seems to be preferable, however, after 180 days of storage, the difference between H and RS device results similar in terms of improvement of the final olive oil quality. In addition, the method of principal component analysis can be used to evaluate the suitability of an olive cv. in terms of quality of extracted oil. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Future impact of climate extremes in the Mediterranean: Soil erosion projections when fire and extreme rainfall meet
Authors: Morán‐Ordóñez Alejandra , Duane Andrea , Gil‐Tena Assu , De Cáceres Miquel , Aquilué Núria , Guerra Carlos A. , Geijzendorffer Ilse R. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Brotons Lluís 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClimate change projections over the Mediterranean basin point toward an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events that will directly impact ecosystems resilience. In this study, we evaluated future trends of soil loss in forestland in Catalonia (NE Spain) due to fires and vegetation dynamics, considering the potential future impacts of co‐occurring extreme fire and rainfall events, and assessing how fire suppression can contribute to soil erosion mitigation. The process‐based MEDFIRE model was used to simulate changes in forestland due to climate and fires between 2011 and 2050 under six different future scenarios that resulted from the combination of two climatic scenarios and three fire management policies. Annual projections on landscape changes were used to estimate soil loss using the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Projected annual soil losses for forested land in Catalonia ranged between 15 and 16 tons/ha, with scenarios simulating current levels of fire suppression projecting around −5% soil loss than those assuming more relaxed suppression strategies. On average, fires explained 12–16% of annual soil loss in the region, but in fire‐severe years, they explained up to 90% of the total annual soil loss. Projected mean total soil loss in years where extreme rainfall and fire meet was 150% higher than in years where both events were not contemporary. The estimated annual probability that the two extreme impacts will co‐occur in the future ranged between 0.09 and 0.11 between scenarios. Our results highlight the importance of landscape and fire management in minimizing soil loss and its potential impacts for ecosystems.
Comparing the Bone Healing After Cold Ablation Robot‐Guided Er:YAG Laser Osteotomy and Piezoelectric Osteotomy—A Pilot Study in a Minipig Mandible
Authors: Baek Kyung‐won , Dard Michel , Zeilhofer Hans‐Florian , Cattin Philippe C. , Juergens Philipp 
Published: June 2020

Background and ObjectiveTo take major advantage of erbium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) lasers in osteotomy—like freedom of cutting geometries and high accuracy—the integration and miniaturization of the robot, laser, and navigation technology was tried and applied to minipigs. The investigators hypothesized laser osteotomy would render acceptable bone healing based on the intraoperative findings and postoperative cut surface analysis.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe designed and implemented a comparative bone‐cutting surgery in the minipig mandible with a cold ablation robot‐guided Er:YAG laser osteotome (CARLO) and a piezoelectric (PZE) osteotome. The sample was composed of different patterns of defects in the mandibles of six grown‐up female Goettingen minipigs. The predictor variable was Er:YAG osteotomy and PZE osteotomy. The outcome variable was the cut surface characteristics and bone healing at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Descriptive and qualitative comparison was executed.ResultsThe sample was composed of four kinds of bone defects on both sides of the mandibles of six minipigs. We observed more bleeding during the operation, open‐cut surfaces, and a faster healing pattern with the laser osteotomy. There was a possible association between the intraoperative findings, postoperative cut surface analysis, and the bone healing pattern.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that characteristic open‐cut surfaces could explain favorable bone healing after laser osteotomy. Future studies will focus on the quantification of the early healing characteristics after laser osteotomy, its diverse application, and the safety feature. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Case Series of Fractional Ablative Laser Resurfacing of Pediatric Facial Traumatic and Surgical Scars
Authors: Lederhandler Margo H. , Bloom Bradley S. , Pomerantz Hyemin , Geronemus Roy G. 
Published: June 2020

Background and ObjectivesFractional ablative 10,600‐nm carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has well‐demonstrated safety and efficacy in resurfacing treatment of scars in the adult population and in the treatment of pediatric burn scars. However, there is a paucity of literature regarding laser resurfacing of traumatic and surgical scars for cosmetic benefit in the pediatric population, and in majority of cases previously reported, this was done under general anesthesia.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients under the age of 18 who underwent fractional ablative CO2 laser resurfacing (FALR) of traumatic or surgical scars at a single center between 2018 and 2019, inclusive. Primary endpoints included safety and tolerance.ResultsA total of 31 FALR treatments were performed in 10 patients with traumatic and surgical scars located on the face (age 4–14 years, Fitzpatrick skin type [FST] I–IV, 60% female). Settings ranged from total energy per session 0.02–0.33 kJ, with a 7‐mm tip and 30–50% coverage. Nine patients had two or more treatments (average 3, maximum 8) spaced at least 4 weeks apart. All resurfacing treatments were well‐tolerated with local infiltration of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:100,000). Six (67%) patients were treated with additional measures including pulsed dye laser, 1927‐nm fractional non‐ablative low‐energy, low‐density laser, or intralesional agents (5‐fluorouracil, triamcinolone, botulinum toxin). At follow‐up (of varied intervals), short‐term erythema, as expected, was seen in six patients, and hyperpigmentation in one case (FST IV), both treated with aforementioned alternate devices. Although gradual, improvement in scar appearance and texture was seen with FALR treatments. No additional scarring, infection, or hypopigmentation was seen.ConclusionsTreatment with fractional ablative laser resurfacing is safe and well‐tolerated in the pediatric population in an outpatient setting with local anesthesia. Traumatic scars may cause significant distress to children and parents alike. Multimodal therapy may lead to optimal cosmesis. Given the excellent tolerability, the authors recommend consideration of laser resurfacing in pediatric patients with traumatic or surgical scars when bothersome, either cosmetically or psychologically. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A Methodology of Hydrodynamic Complexity in Topologically Hyper‐Branched Polymers Undergoing Hierarchical Multiple Relaxations
Authors: Lu Haibao , Wang Xiaodong , Hossain Mokarram , Fu Yong Qing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA hydrodynamic model is proposed to describe conformational relaxation of molecules, viscoelasticity of arms, and hierarchical multiple‐shape memory effect (multi‐SME) of hyper‐branched polymer. Fox–Flory and Boltzmann’s principles are employed to characterize and predict the hierarchical relaxations and their multi‐SMEs in hyper‐branched polymers. A constitutive relationship among relaxation time, molecular weight, glass transition temperature, and viscoelastic modulus is then formulated. Results reveal that molecular weight and number of arms of the topologically hyper‐branched polymers significantly influence their hydrodynamic relaxations and shape memory behaviors. The effectiveness of model is demonstrated by applying it to predict mechanical and shape recovery behaviors of hyper‐branched polymers, and the theoretical results show good agreements with the experimental ones. This study is expected to provide an effective guidance on designing multi‐SME in topologically hyper‐branched polymers.
Experimental evaluation of thermophysical properties of oil‐based titania nanofluids for medium temperature solar collectors
Authors: Akhter J. , Gilani S.I. , Al‐Kayiem H.H. , Ali M. , Masood F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThermal oils are widely used as working fluids in the medium temperature heat transfer applications including concentrating solar thermal collectors. However, the weak thermal characteristics of these oils are major drawbacks in their successful application in the medium‐high temperature solar collectors. Fortunately, the emergence of nanotechnology has provided the opportunity to alter thermo‐physical properties of base fluids by adding small amount of sub‐micron size solid particles possessing better properties. This paper presents an experimental investigation of thermophysical properties of an oil‐based nanofluid to be used in the medium temperature solar collector for enhanced thermal energy transport. The colloidal suspensions were prepared by dispersing different weight fractions (0.25 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 0.75 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) of Titania nanoparticles in Therminol‐55 oil using two‐step method. Shear mixing and high energy ultrasonication was employed to achieve uniform mixing and de‐agglomeration of the nanoparticles in order to enhance the stability of the colloidal suspensions. Thermophysical properties of the nanofluids were determined as a function of nanoparticles concentrations in the temperature range of 25 °C–130 °C. The experimental results demonstrated substantial improvement in thermal conductivity of the nano‐oils with an increase in nanoparticles loading which further enhanced at higher temperatures. Dynamic viscosity and effective density displayed a decreasing trend against rising temperature which indicate the effectiveness of these nanofluids for medium temperature heat supply. Nano‐oils with superior thermal properties can improve the performance of medium temperature solar thermal collectors.
Impact of multiple reflow on intermetallic compound of nickel‐doped tin‐silver‐copper on ENImAg substrate
Authors: Rabiatul Adawiyah M.A. , Amirul S.A. , Saliza Azlina O. , Syafiq H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of the tin‐silver‐copper‐nickel/electroless nickel immersion silver (SACN/ENImAg) at the 230 °C during multiple reflows was investigated. The characterization analysis of the samples was conducted using scanning electron microscopy and assisted by a dispersive x‐ray analysis. A layer of continuous (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 and discontinuous (Ni, Cu)3Sn4 intermetallic were formed at the interface after up to the third reflow, while Ag3Sn nano‐sized was formed on the intermetallic surface. The total thickness of the intermetallic layer increased as the reflow increased. The findings also revealed that the intermetallic thickness became thicker with the mass percentage of nickel increased. Hence, the intermetallic growth was controlled mainly by reflow times and nickel content in solders.
3D graphene/fly ash waste material for hybrid supercapacitor electrode: specific capacitance analysis
Authors: Pransisco P. , Balbir Singh M.S. , Shuaib M. , Shukur M.F. , Joseph E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe performance of supercapacitor energy storage is depending on the type of the material that is used as supercapacitor electrode. Graphene has been widely used as the base material for a lot of applications due to its remarkable properties. In this research, we try to combine 3D Graphene with waste material fly ash to be used as the electrode of supercapacitor. Fly ash is a residual material from burning pulverized coal in electric generation power plants which contain metal oxide materials such as iron oxide and aluminum oxide. This residual material might be usable as an electrode for supercapacitor due to its material contained. As the base material, the 3D graphene was successfully fabricated by using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) method and afterwards the fly ash was coated on the top of 3D graphene. The chemical properties and surface structure of the electrode material was studied by using Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron spectroscopy (FESEM). 3 electrode systems were used to analyze the cyclic voltammetry results. According to the results, they show that the highest specific capacitance of 3D graphene/fly ash (FA) was about 0.025 F/cm2 at the lowest scan rate of 5 mV/s and it is recommended to use as the supercapacitor electrode.
Corrosion study and quantitative measurement of crystallite size of high strength aluminum hybrid composite developed via friction stir processing
Authors: Ikumapayi O.M. , Akinlabi E.T. , Majumdar J.D. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Akinlabi S.A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis present study is centered on the corrosion behaviors and structural integrity of high strength aluminum‐alloy 7075‐T651 hybridized with carbonaceous coconut shell ash (CSA) and α+β titanium alloy powder in ratio of 50 : 50, fabricated during friction stir processing (FSP). The study examined the base metal – AA7075‐T651 as well as the friction stir processed AA7075‐T651 as control experiments. The Processing parameters used were plunge depth of 0.3 mm, travel speed of 20 mm/min, the tilt angle of 3° and rotational speed of 1500 min−1. The corrosion characteristics were examined with the Potentiodynamic Polarization method in 3.5 % NaCl medium while crystalline phases were studied with x‐ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that fabricated aluminum hybrid composite (AHC) AA7075‐T651/coconut shell ash (CSA)/titanium‐alloy has the highest percentage of inhibition performance efficiency (IPE) of 84.81 % resulting to 0.76938 mm/year corrosion rate and 356.51 Ω polarization resistance, whereas inhibition performance efficiency (IPE) for friction stir processed (FSPed) AA7075‐T651 was 63.99 % while the base metal – AA7075‐T651 was taken as the reference point. It was also revealed that the hybridized coconut shell ash (CSA)/titanium‐alloy powder on AA7075‐T651 enhanced the structural integrity, producing 38.5 nm crystallite size over friction stir processing (FSP) AA7075‐T651 with 41.2 nm and the base metal with 48.7 nm crystallite size.
Material characterization and corrosion behavior of hybrid coating Ti−Al−Si−Cu/Ti−6Al‐4V composite
Authors: Naidoo L.C , Fatoba O.S. , Akinlabi S.A. , Mahamood R.M. , Shatalov M.Y. , Murashkin E.V. , Hassan S. , Akinlabi E.T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTitanium alloy grade 5 is a grade of the titanium material that is in‐demand in the marine, aerospace, biomedical and turbo machinery industries. It offers great properties such as being light weight, good corrosion performance and great strength. However, some of the other properties, namely: its low hardness and poor tribological performance, has limited its various industrial application. Developments have focused on the enhancement of the surface properties without altering the bulk of the material. This has led to the laser metal deposition technique categorized under the additive manufacturing processes. It is a feasible technique that operates on layer‐by‐layer additive processing to manufactures whole parts or repair local damages in components. This study aims to ascertain the optimum processing conditions of the process by varying the laser intensity and scanning speed between 0.9 kW–1 kW and 1.0 m/min–1.2 m/min, respectively, while maintaining all the other process parameters. The specimens were produced by utilizing the ytterbium laser system to conduct laser surface alloying of Ti−Al−Si−Cu/Ti‐6Al‐4 V. Metallographic preparations, characterizations to conduct laser metal deposition (LMD), microhardness and corrosion test were conducted. It was deduced that Ti‐9Si‐3Cu alloy had the best optimum performance at 1 kW and 1.0 m/min. The hardness and corrosion were optimum improved at reduced scan speeds and increased laser power.
Mechanical performance and biodegradability of polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite films
Authors: Ong T.K. , Tshai K.Y. , Choo H.L. , Khiew P.S. , Chung S.L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the mechanical properties and biodegradability of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films. 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 10 wt.% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), commercial grade cellulose nanocrystals (NCCA), and nanocellulose (NCCB) extracted from oil palm fiber (OPF) were incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol by solvent casting. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images indicated that the average particle size of microcrystalline cellulose, commercial grade cellulose nanocrystals, and nanocellulose extracted from oil palm fiber are 12.63 μm±5.71 μm, 502.92 nm±196.10 nm, and 79.20 nm±11.69 nm, respectively. Nanofillers dispersed uniformly in polyvinyl alcohol matrix. Addition of microcrystalline cellulose up to 5 wt.% was able to improve the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength of polyvinyl alcohol composite films but sacrificed the maximum elongation. Incorporation of 5 wt.% nanocellulose extracted from oil palm fiber is able to increase ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elastic modulus while maintaining the maximum elongation of polyvinyl alcohol composite films. Incorporation of commercial grade cellulose nanocrystals (up to 10 wt.%) increases ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and maximum elongation while maintaining elastic modulus of polyvinyl alcohol composite films. Soil burial test result found that presence of moisture accelerated the degradation of the polyvinyl alcohol composite films drastically; the films were fully dissolved in the soil after 7 days. However, the weight of polyvinyl alcohol composite films did not change significantly after 28 days under controlled condition. This indicated that soil moisture is an important catalyst in biodegradation activity of polyvinyl alcohol composite films. Comparison with a commercially available biodegradable plastic bag (Bio‐PB) shows that the polyvinyl alcohol composite films developed in this study have superior mechanical performance and biodegradability, with potential to replace existing plastic bags.
Resveratrol Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Associated Hepatic Steatosis and Injury in Mice Challenged with Tunicamycin
Authors: Chen Yanan , Zhang Hao , Chen Yueping , Zhang Yuying , Shen Mingming , Jia Peilu , Ji Shuli , Wang Tian 
Published: June 2020

ScopeEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is widely recognized as a critical factor linked to lipid metabolic disorders in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, its pathogenesis remains elusive, and therapeutic options are limited. This study investigates the potential of resveratrol (RSV) to alleviate hepatic steatosis and injury in a tunicamycin (TM)‐induced murine ER stress model and provides detailed evidence.Methods and ResultsMale C57BL/6J mice were orally administered either RSV or vehicle for 2 weeks before the TM challenge. Results indicated that TM induced ER morphological damage and severe unfolded protein reaction (UPR), accompanied by increases in lipid accumulation, oxidative damage, and inflammatory response. Administering RSV decreased the expression of ER stress markers, partially normalized the active levels of UPR sensors, and facilitated sirtuin 1 activity in the liver under ER stress. Notably, the TM‐induced hepatic steatosis was also alleviated by RSV, possibly by regulating the expression pattern of genes involving lipid oxidation and delivery. Consistently, RSV attenuated the TM‐induced increases in lipid peroxidation, hepatocyte apoptosis, and the overactivation of inflammatory signals.ConclusionRSV may have an auxiliary therapeutic potential to prevent the development of steatosis and its progression to steatohepatitis in the liver by alleviating severe ER stress.
Copper/benzocyclotene thin film technique based microstrip bandpass filter featured by thick dielectric layer for low insertion loss
Authors: Zhang Weibo , Gu Jiebin , Xu Gaowei , Luo Le , Li Xinxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a copper/benzocyclotene thin film based microstrip bandpass filter featured by a thick dielectric layer is presented. For thickening dielectric layer, a 30 μm‐deep micromachined groove with embedded benzocyclotene polymer is fabricated on the surface of silicon substrate. Mechanical polishing is utilized to planarize the benzocyclotene polymer embedded in the groove. Atomic Force Microscopy is used to characterize the surface roughness of benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer film before and after polishing. With two additional BCB layer, a total thickness of 75.4 μm dielectric layer is realized, and the insertion loss of the filter can be reduced by 1.34 dB theoretically. The measured insertion loss of fabricated filter is −2.2 dB, which can be further reduced via tighter control of device parameters.
Compact triple‐band filter with adjustable passbands on one substrate integrated waveguide square resonant cavity
Authors: Liu Yi‐Jie , Zhang Gang , Liu Shi‐Cheng , Yang Ji‐Quan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA new compact triple‐band bandpass filter (BPF) with adjustable passbands based on only single substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) square resonant cavity is proposed in this letter. The first six resonant modes (the perturbed TE101′ mode and TE102′ mode, the perturbed TE201′ mode and TE202′ mode, the perturbed TE301′ mode and TE302′ mode) of the SIW cavity are controlled to constitute the three corresponding passbands by elaborately introducing metallic vias in the design. The three center frequencies and passband bandwidths can be effectively adjusted by only changing the location and sizes of these perturbations. For demonstration, a prototype SIW triple‐band BPF is designed, fabricated, and tested. Measured and simulated results are in good agreement, verifying the feasibility of the design concept.