bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Aza)Pentacenes Clipped into a Ring: Stabilization of Large (Aza)Acenes
Authors: Ahrens Lukas , Tverskoy Olena , Weigold Svenja , Ganschow Michael , Rominger Frank , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA doubly alkylene bridged 6,13‐diphenylpentacene and analogously bridged azapentacenes were prepared; they are persistent. The doubly bridged azapentacenes display superior photochemical, oxidative and thermal stabilities compared to azapentacenes protected by bis(TIPS‐ethynyl)‐substituents—clipping an azaacene into a large ring is a viable complement in stabilization.
Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Nanostructures: Surface Defects for Morphology‐Driven Enhanced Semiconductor SERS
Authors: Song Ge , Gong Wenbin , Cong Shan , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors have recently become attractive candidate substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, exhibiting good semiconductor‐based SERS sensing for a wider variety of application scenarios. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we propose that surface defects play a vital role in the magnification of the SERS performances of 2D semiconductors. As a prototype material, ultrathin WO3nanosheets is used to demonstrate that surface defect sites and the resulting increased charge‐carrier density can induce strong charge‐transfer interactions at the substrate‐molecule interface, thereby improving the sensitivity of the SERS substrate by 100 times with high reproducibility. Further work with other metal oxides suggests the reduced dimension of 2D materials can be advantageous in promoting SERS sensing for multiple probe molecules.
Global projective synchronization in fractional‐order quaternion valued neural networks
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Zhang Hai , Cao Jinde , Zhang Hongmei , Alsaadi Fuad E. , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe analysis of projective synchronization for fractional‐order quaternion valued neural networks (FOQVNN) is addressed in this paper. The FOQVNN is separated into four real valued parts through Hamilton rules, enabling its synchronization analysis. Some criteria are formulated by the use of fractional differential inequality techniques; projective synchronization of FOQVNN is implemented by designing suitable hybrid controllers. One numerical example is given to show the feasibility of proposed methods.
The pudendum and the perversion of anatomical terminology
Authors: Zdilla Matthew J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe definition of pudendum is external genitalia. The term pudendum is used to describe external genitalia regardless of sex. The labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, penis, scrotum, testes, and so on are all parts of the human pudenda. The female pudendum is also called the vulva. Also, nonhuman species have pudenda. Pudendum is a term that has been part of the formal anatomical nomenclature for a millennium. Recently, the meaning of pudendum has been perverted and misinterpreted as synonymous with only the vulva and to come from an etymological root term with the narrowly defined meaning “to be ashamed.” The misunderstanding of pudendum is twofold. First, pudendum describes the external genitalia indiscriminate of sex; however, terms such as pudendum muliebre/pudendum femininum and pudendum virile/pudendum masculinum have been used throughout history to identify pudenda with respect to sex. Second, the meaning of the root term pudere has been taken out of context. The meaning of the root term is inclusive of respect, modesty, honesty, honor, virtue, awe, veneration, and so on and has a positive connotation rather than a negative connotation, akin to sacrum, for example. Indeed, pudendum shares its etymological root with the names of goddesses and saints (e.g., Pudicitia, Saint Pudens, Saint Pudentiana). This manuscript provides details regarding anatomical etymology and both the historical and modern use of anatomical terminology related to pudendum. Furthermore, this manuscript remedies the perversion of pudendum and, in doing so, improves the anatomical lexicon.
Electrochemical and Solvent‐Mediated Visible‐to‐Near‐Infrared Spectroscopic Switching of Benzoselenadiazole Fluorophores
Authors: Wałęsa‐Chorab Monika , Yao Chengzhang , Tuner Georges , Skene William G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of electronic push–pull, pull–pull, and push fluorophores has been prepared from a benzoselenadiazole core so that their spectroscopic, electrochemical, spectro‐electrochemical, and spectro‐electrofluorescence properties could be examined. The emission wavelengths and fluorescence quantum yields (Φfl) of the N,N‐dimethyl fluorophores were contingent on the solvent polarity and they ranged from 615 to 850 nm in aprotic solvents. The positive solvatochromism and the quenched Φfl in polar solvents were consistent with an intramolecular charge‐transfer state (ICT). Meanwhile, a locally excited state (LE) was assigned in nonpolar solvents from the blue‐shifted emission and high Φfl. The N,N‐dimethylamine fluorophores examined could be both electrochemically oxidized and reduced, whereas the symmetric dinitro pull–pull derivative could be only reversibly reduced. Courtesy of their electrochemical reversibility, the fluorophores could reversibly change color from yellow to blue with an applied potential in addition to switching off their emission. The absorption of the electrochemically generated intermediates of the N,N‐dimethyl derivatives spanned 500 nm over the visible and the NIR regions. The colors could be switched for upwards of two hours with applied potential, illustrating their potential use as electroactive materials in electrochromic devices.
Nonclassical Abramov Products Formed on Orifices of Cage‐Opened C60Derivatives
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Okamoto Shu , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBy nucleophilic addition of phosphite P(OMe)3to a cage‐opened C60derivative, α‐hydrophosphate and enol phosphate were obtained as kinetic and thermodynamic products, respectively. Different from classical Abramov products bearing a phosphorus–carbon bond, these products have a phosphorus–oxygen bond. The observed anomaly originates from the fully conjugated π system, which significantly stabilizes zwitterionic intermediates bearing a phosphorus–oxygen bond. The thus formed enol phosphate was found to exhibit an intense absorption band that extended to 730 nm, reflecting the intramolecular charge‐transfer transitions. We also report domino phosphorylation reactions, which gave a cage‐opened C60derivative bearing a direct P−C bond.
Ganzheitlicher Explosionsschutz in Förderanlagen
Authors: Saling Carlo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBecherwerke, die umgangssprachlich auch als Elevatoren bezeichnet werden, sind Förderanlagen, die Schüttgut mit hohen Transportgeschwindigkeiten senkrecht bis zu etwa 60 m Höhe fördern. Von diesem Förderanlagentyp können hohe Gefährdungen ausgehen. Organi
Creation of a successful multidisciplinary course in pediatric neuro‐oncology with a systematic approach to curriculum development
Authors: Moreira Daniel C. , Gajjar Amar , Patay Zoltan , Boop Frederick A. , Chiang Jason , Merchant Thomas E. , Santiago Teresa , Schaeffer Elizabeth , Sonnenfelt Jason , Andujar Allyson , Shuler Ana , Caniza Miguela A. , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Qaddoumi Ibrahim 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe St Jude Global Academy Neuro‐Oncology Training Seminar (NOTS) is a hybrid course in pediatric neuro‐oncology specifically designed for physicians from low‐income and middle‐income countries.MethodsThe curriculum for the course was created by conducting a targeted needs assessment that evaluated 11 domains of care for children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors. The targeted needs assessment was completed by 24 institutions across the world, and the data were used to define 5 core elements included in the 2 components of the NOTS: a 9‐week online course and a 7‐day in‐person workshop. Participant acquisition of knowledge and changes in clinical behavior were evaluated as measures of success.ResultsTeams from 8 institutions located in 8 countries enrolled in the online course, and it was successfully completed by 36 participants representing 6 specialties. On the basis of their performance in the online course, 20 participants from 7 institutions took part in the on‐site workshop. The participants exhibited improved knowledge in core elements of treating children with CNS tumors, including barriers of care, possible solutions, and steps for project implementation (P < .0001). All participants expressed a belief that they acquired new concepts and knowledge, leading to changes in their clinical practice. Those present at the workshop created an international multidisciplinary group focused on treating CNS tumors in low‐income and middle‐income countries.ConclusionsBy using a hybrid online and in‐person approach, the authors successfully created a multidisciplinary course focused on pediatric CNS tumors for resource‐limited settings. Their experience supports this strategy as a feasible mechanism for driving further global collaborations.
Johnston's organ and its central projections in Cataglyphis desert ants
Authors: Grob Robin , Tritscher Clara , Grübel Kornelia , Stigloher Christian , Groh Claudia , Fleischmann Pauline N. , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Johnston's organ (JO) in the insect antenna is a multisensory organ involved in several navigational tasks including wind‐compass orientation, flight control, graviception, and, possibly, magnetoreception. Here we investigate the three dimensional anatomy of the JO and its neuronal projections into the brain of the desert ant Cataglyphis, a marvelous long‐distance navigator. The JO of C. nodus workers consists of 40 scolopidia comprising three sensory neurons each. The numbers of scolopidia slightly vary between different sexes (female/male) and castes (worker/queen). Individual scolopidia attach to the intersegmental membrane between pedicel and flagellum of the antenna and line up in a ring‐like organization. Three JO nerves project along the two antennal nerve branches into the brain. Anterograde double staining of the antennal afferents revealed that JO receptor neurons project to several distinct neuropils in the central brain. The T5 tract projects into the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC), while the T6 tract bypasses the AMMC via the saddle and forms collaterals terminating in the posterior slope (PS) (T6I), the ventral complex (T6II), and the ventrolateral protocerebrum (T6III). Double labeling of JO and ocellar afferents revealed that input from the JO and visual information from the ocelli converge in tight apposition in the PS. The general JO anatomy and its central projection patterns resemble situations in honeybees and Drosophila. The multisensory nature of the JO together with its projections to multisensory neuropils in the ant brain likely serves synchronization and calibration of different sensory modalities during the ontogeny of navigation in Cataglyphis.
Climate change policies: Good news or bad news for firms in the European Union?
Authors: Birindelli Giuliana , Chiappini Helen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates whether the European Union policies to tackle climate change create or destroy value for shareholders over the years 2013–2018. Using the event study method, our results suggest that all the sectors were affected by at least one climate policy announcement and that negative effects were more common than positive effects, especially when the Paris Agreement came into force. Up until that point, the announcement of a new policy produced significant positive effects only on the most environmentally committed firms. Finally, data panel regressions reveal that the company's sector, more than its environmental commitment, played a central role in determining market reactions toward climate policies. Our paper contributes to the still limited debate on the relationship between environmental regulation and value for equity investors and opens up the debate on a topic yet to be explored: the mitigating role of the company's environmental commitment. Relevant implications for policy makers promoting a European sustainable economy are also discussed.
Grafting Nature‐Inspired and Bio‐Based Phenolic Esters onto Cellulose Nanocrystals Gives Biomaterials with Photostable Anti‐UV Properties
Authors: Joram Mendoza David , Mouterde Louis M. M. , Browne Christine , Singh Raghuwanshi Vikram , Simon George P. , Garnier Gil , Allais Florent 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the international collaborative work from the Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA)‐Monash University and URD Agro‐Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI)‐AgroParisTech. The cover image shows how the grafting of Nature‐inspired and bio‐based phenolic esters on cellulose nanocrystals through click‐chemistry provides materials with highly photostable UV‐blocking properties. Cover art by David Mendoza. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202002017.
Adherence to beta‐blockers and long‐term risk of heart failure and mortality after a myocardial infarction
Authors: Desta Liyew , Khedri Masih , Jernberg Tomas , Andell Pontus , Mohammad Moman Aladdin , Hofman‐Bang Claes , Erlinge David , Spaak Jonas , Persson Hans 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to investigate the association between adherence to beta‐blocker treatment after a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and long‐term risk of heart failure (HF) and death.Methods and resultsAll patients admitted for a first AMI included in the nationwide Swedish web‐system for enhancement and development of evidence‐based care in heart disease evaluated according to recommended therapies register between 2005 and 2010 were eligible (n = 71 638). After exclusion of patients who died in‐hospital, patients with previous HF, patients with unknown left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), and patients who died during the first year after the index event, 38 608 patients remained in the final analysis. Adherence to prescribed beta‐blockers was determined for 1 year after the index event using the national registry for prescribed drugs and was measured as proportion of days covered, the ratio between the numbers of days covered by the dispensed prescriptions and number of days in the period. As customary, a threshold level for proportion of days covered ≥80% was used to classify patients as adherent or non‐adherent. At discharge 90.6% (n = 36 869) of all patients were prescribed a beta‐blocker. Among 38 608 1 year survivors, 31.1% (n = 12 013) were non‐adherent to beta‐blockers. Patients with reduced EF with and without HF were more likely to remain adherent to beta‐blockers at 1‐year compared with patients with normal EF without HF (NEF). Being married/cohabiting and having higher income level, hypertension, ST‐elevation MI, and percutaneous coronary intervention were associated with better adherence. Adherence was independently associated with lower all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71–0.84] and a lower risk for the composite of HF readmission/death, (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.78–0.89, P value <0.001) during the subsequent 4 years of follow up. These associations were favourable but less apparent in patients with HFNEF and NEF.ConclusionsNearly one in three AMI patients was non‐adherent to beta‐blockers within the first year. Adherence was independently associated with improved long‐term outcomes; however, uncertainty remains for patients with HFNEF and NEF.
Reporting and interpretation of subgroup analyses in heart failure randomized controlled trials
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Khan Muhammad Arbaz Arshad , Irfan Simra , Siddiqi Tariq Jamal , Greene Stephen J. , Anker Stefan D. , Sreenivasan Jayakumar , Friede Tim , Tahhan Ayman Samman , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Fonarow Gregg C. , Butler Javed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate the reporting of subgroup analyses in heart failure (HF) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to determine the strength and credibility of subgroup claims.Methods and resultsAll primary HF RCTs published in nine high‐impact journals from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017 were included. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify factors that may favour the reporting of results in specific subgroups. Strength of the subgroup effect claimed was classified into (i) strong, (ii) likely, or (iii) suggestive. Credibility of subgroup claim was scored using a pre‐specified 10 pointer criteria. Of the 261 HF RCTs studied, 107 (41%) reported subgroup analyses. Twenty‐five (23%) RCTs claimed a subgroup effect for the primary outcome of which six (24%) made a strong claim, eight (32%) claimed a likely effect, and 11 (44%) suggested a possible subgroup effect. Seven of the 25 RCTs did not employ interaction testing for subgroup claims of the primary outcome. Three out of 10 pre‐specified credibility criteria were satisfied by half of the trials. Fourteen trials justified the choice of subgroups, and 10 explicitly stated they were underpowered to detect differences within subgroups. Source of funding did not influence the frequency of reporting subgroup analyses (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.78–3.62, P = 0.52).ConclusionsAppropriate credibility criteria were rarely met even by HF RCTs that held strong subgroup claims. Subgroup analyses should be pre‐specified, be adequately powered, present interaction terms, and be replicated in independent data before being integrated into clinical decision making.
Selective and Sensitive Determination of Paracetamol and Levodopa with Using Electropolymerized 3,5‐Diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole Film on Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Calam Tuğba Tabanlıgil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor determination of levodopa (L‐DOPA) and paracetamol (PAR), selective, effective and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on 3,5‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (35DT) on glassy carbon (GC) electrode was reported. The DPV method was used to obtain the oxidation peak current of L‐DOPA which increased linearly with its concentration at the range of 1–99 μM and 99–480 μM. The linear relationship between the concentration of PAR and its peak current was obtained in the range of 0.3–55 μM and 55–475 μM. The limit of detection values for PAR and L‐DOPA were found to be 0.1 and 0.25 μM, respectively. Satisfactory results were obtained in pharmaceutical samples.
Performance of geotechnical seismic isolation system using rubber‐soil mixtures in centrifuge testing
Authors: Tsang Hing‐Ho , Tran Duc‐Phu , Hung Wen‐Yi , Pitilakis Kyriazis , Gad Emad F. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTGeotechnical seismic isolation (GSI) system involves the dynamic interaction between structure and low‐modulus foundation material, such as rubber‐soil mixtures (RSM). Whilst numerical studies have been carried out to demonstrate the potential benefits of GSI‐RSM system, experimental research is indispensable for confirming its isolation mechanism and effectiveness in reducing structural demand. In this regard, centrifuge modelling with an earthquake shaker under an acceleration field of 50 g adopted in this study can mimic the actual nonlinear dynamic response characteristics of RSM and subsoil in a coupled soil‐foundation‐structure system. This is the first time the performance of GSI‐RSM system was examined in a geotechnical centrifuge. It was found that an average of 40‐50% reduction of structural demand can be achieved. The increase in both the horizontal and rotation responses of the foundation was also evidenced. The unique augmented rocking mechanism with reversible foundation rotation was highlighted.
Band gap engineering of ZnO by amino acid capping for optoelectronic and energy applications
Authors: Sherine Jositta , Indubala Emayavaramban , Anish Harsh , Seshadri Harinipriya 
Published: December 2020

SummaryZnO nanorods were capped with aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amino acids and the effect of capping on morphology, structural, optical, electrochemical, and electrical properties were studied in detail. The formation of coordination complexes between amino acids and ZnO were confirmed by XRD, XPS, and FTIR. The binding energy difference; ∆E = 23 eV explicitly indicates the nanometer range of the complexes formed. The high Iuv/Ivis seen in PL, for all ZnO‐AA complexes except ZnO‐L‐Phe and ZnO‐D‐Phe indicate the crystallinity and minimal defect in the complexes. The band gap of ZnO‐D‐Ala and ZnO‐DL‐Ala reduced by 0.15 eV compared to ZnO NRs (3.0 eV). This reduction in band gap is attributed to the (a) electronic percolation between C=O group of amino acid and Zn in ZnO and (b) increase in crystallite size due to amino acid capping. The free energy of activation for electronic conductivity, in case of ZnO‐D‐Ala and ZnO‐DL‐Ala remained identical to ZnO NRs (127 kJ) as supported by EIS analysis and Arrhenius kinetics. Out of all the aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic amino acids capping on ZnO NRs, the results indicate that ZnO‐D‐Ala and ZnO‐DL‐Ala complexes possess lower band gap and can be used as a viable n‐type semiconductor material in optoelectronic applications such as energy harvesting devices like solar cells.
A new ninth‐order central Hermite weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Zahran Yousef H. , Abdalla Amr H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we propose a new ninth‐order central Hermite weighted essentially nonoscillatory (HWENO) scheme, for solving hyperbolic conservation laws. The new scheme consists of the following: ninth‐order reconstruction using only five points stencil; to calculate the linear weights we used the central WENO (CWENO) technique and for nonlinear weights we used a new weighting technique. The numerical solution is advanced in time by using the ninth‐order linear strong‐stability‐preserving Runge–Kutta (ℓSSPRK) scheme and for computing the numerical flux, we used the central‐upwind flux which is efficient, simple and can be used for nonconex fluxes problems. The resulting scheme is ninth order in both smooth regions and at critical points with very small numerical dissipation near discontinuities, this is due to using new smoothness indicators. Several numerical examples are presented for one‐ and two‐dimensional problems to confirm that the new scheme is superior to the other high‐order WENO schemes.
The relationship between arbitrage in futures and spot markets and Bitcoin price movements: Evidence from the Bitcoin markets
Authors: Hattori Takahiro , Ishida Ryo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe examine how investors arbitrage the Bitcoin spot and futures markets. Using intraday data of the Chicago Board Options Exchange, we reconstruct the actual arbitrage condition that investors confront. We find that there are few arbitrage profit opportunities in “normal” markets, but large arbitrage profit opportunities arise during Bitcoin market “crashes.”