bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial substitution of mineral fertilizer with biofertilizer enhances cauliflower nutritional quality, yield, and soil characteristics
Authors: Yang Ping , Lyu Jian , Sohail Hamza , Yu Jihua , Xie Jianming , Li Jie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCauliflower (Brassica oleraceaL. var. botrytisL.) is as an important ingredient in many healthy diets worldwide, but there is a lack of scientific knowledge about fertilizer management during cauliflower production. We conducted field experiments in Yuzhong, China, in 2015 and 2016 to determine the effects of the integrated use of biofertilizer and a reduced rate of mineral fertilizers on cauliflower growth, quality, and yield and on soil characteristics. Three different rates of mineral fertilizer (60, 80, and 100% of the mineral fertilizers; 100% rate = 400 N kg ha−1, 225 kg P2O5ha−1, 125 kg K2O ha−1) and 500 kg ha−1biofertilizer were applied to the crop with three replicates. The results showed that the use of the mineral fertilizer at 80% in combination with biofertilizer (80% BF) increased the vitamin C content of cauliflower heads by 39.5% in 2015 and 43.6% in 2016 compared with the 100% mineral fertilization treatment (100% MF). The 80% BF treatment decreased the nitrate content by 27.1% in 2015 and 27.6% in 2016 and improved the soluble sugar contents by 19.1% in 2015 and 29.5% in 2016 compared with the 100% MF treatment. However, the effect of the 80% BF treatment on marketable yield was found to be nonsignificant. Biofertilization also improved the soil organic matter, available N, P, and K, and enzyme activities. We observed that conjugative use of biofertilizer and a reduction in mineral N–P–K fertilizer can be used successfully in cauliflower production without compromising marketable yields.
Development of barley introgression lines carrying the leaf rust resistance genes Rph1 to Rph15
Authors: Martin Matthew J. , Chicaiza Oswaldo , Caffarel Juan C. , Sallam Ahmad H. , Druka Arnis , Waugh Robbie , Ordon Frank , Kopahnke Doris , Keilwagen Jens , Perovic Dragan , Fetch Thomas G. , Jin Yue , Franckowiak Jerome D. , Steffenson Brian J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn many production areas, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is attacked by the leaf rust pathogen (Puccinia hordei Otth), a basidiomycetous fungus that reduces both its yield and quality. Many leaf rust resistance genes, known as reaction to P. hordei (Rph) genes, have been described in barley. To differentiate genetic variants for virulence in pathogen populations, plant pathologists use differentials (i.e., sets of host lines carrying different resistance genes). The sources of Rph1–15 were derived from cultivars, landraces, and wild barley (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum K. Koch) accessions with diverse geographic origins and agromorphological traits. Ideal differential sets comprise single‐gene lines backcrossed to a single adapted accession that is susceptible to all known races of a pathogen. In this study, sources of Rph1–15 and other Rph gene donors were backcrossed to the susceptible barley cultivar Bowman and then genotyped to characterize the chromosomal positions and sizes of introgressions. Overall, 95 Bowman introgression lines for leaf rust resistance were developed and characterized for their rust phenotypes and genotypes. A single line was selected to represent each of the 15 Rph genes for use as the new barley leaf rust differential set. The existence of possible new resistance genes in the studied germplasm was postulated. The new Bowman Rph1–15 differential lines will facilitate the efficient virulence phenotyping of P. hordei and serve as valuable genetic stocks for Rph gene stacking and cloning in barley.
Qualitative traits in sunflower breeding: UGA‐SAM1 phenotyping case study
Authors: Terzić Sreten , Zorić Miroslav , Seiler Gerald J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe production of the first permanent, publicly available sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) association mapping population (UGA‐SAM1) provided material to test the usability of morphological descriptors for discriminating germplasm accessions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic diversity in the UGA‐SAM1 population and evaluate the usefulness of qualitative traits for the discrimination of genotypes. The SAM1 population consists of 285 accessions characterized for 20 morphological traits. The Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H′) was used to determine phenotypic diversity, whereas HOMALS (homogeneity analysis by alternating least squares) and association statistics were used to determine discriminative power of the descriptors. Phenotypic diversity was moderately high for the traits (0.74). The highest diversity was found in the less developed genotypes followed by non‐oil genotypes. Pronounced associations in individual genotype groups and category traits, most notably for the maturity trait in the restorer line (RHA) oil group, resulted in both high association and diversity index values. The association test proved to be a useful addition to HOMALS analysis for determining the trait discriminative power. Adequate selection of traits used in germplasm evaluation can improve the efficiency of breeding programs, whereas the loss of variability could be lowered if diversity focused traits were used including leaf, seed, and certain flower traits, instead of only focusing on yield and quality.
Improving photosynthetic production in rice using integrated crop management in northeast China
Authors: Guo Xiaohong , Hu Yue , Jiang Hongfang , Lan Yuchen , Wang Heying , Xu Lingqi , Yin Dawei , Wang Haize , Zheng Guiping , Lv Yandong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntegrated crop management practices can improve rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain yield, but the effects of such practices on dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic productivity are inconsistent and not well understood. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of integrated crop management practices on dry matter accumulation and redistribution, photosynthetic production, and yield of rice in northeast China. Medium‐ and high‐yielding potential japonica rice cultivars were grown using four crop management practices, including no N application (N0), local farmers’ cultivation practice (FP), high‐yield cultivation practice (HYP), and super‐high‐yield cultivation practice (SHYP). The increases in average yield with the HYP and SHYP treatments were 16.87 and 36.70%, respectively, in 2017 and 14.70 and 31.05%, respectively, in 2018, compared with FP. Increases in effective panicle number and spikelet number per panicle were the main reason for the increase in yield under the integrated crop management treatments. Compared with FP, the HYP and SHYP treatments significantly increased the population dry matter by 26.40 and 56.64%, respectively, before the heading stage. Relative to N0 and FP, HYP and SHYP significantly increased the dry matter export, export rate, and translocation rate in the leaves, stems, and sheaths and significantly increased the photosynthetic potential throughout the growth stage and the net assimilation rate after the tillering stage. These increases were critical for improving the quality of rice and achieving higher yields. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the development of high‐yield cultivation methods for rice in northeast China.
Analyzing the performance of corn in China using a factor‐analytic variance‐covariance structure with multiple factors
Authors: Zhang Renhe , Han Dejun , Hu Xiyuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor effective use of the factor‐analytic (FA) model in analyzing data from multi‐environmental trials (METs), we undertook an empirical study of data sets from the corn (Zea mays L.) performance trails in China to compare all FA models with possible number of factors. We found that for the variety main effects, the estimate, ranking, and test efficiency of contrast were compatible among the FA models with various numbers of factors. For the variety simple effects, the effect estimate, and hence the ranking, changed; the test efficiency of contrast and discrimination power increased with increasing number of factors as the number of factors was smaller than a specific number. With consideration of both test efficiency of contrast and discrimination power of varieties for the trials analyzed, about 10 could be chosen as the optimal number of factors of the FA model approach.
“Transpiration and crop yields” by C.T. de Wit, 1958, Institute of biological and chemical research of field crops and herbage, No. 64.6, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Authors: Sinclair Thomas R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article is part of a series of brief commentaries to highlight papers that have resulted in important and distinctly new perspectives in crop science. A criterion for selection of papers is that they must have been published at least 20 yr ago to allow for a long‐range perspective in assessment of the papers. The current article briefly reviews the paper by C.T. de Wit published in 1958 that explored the relationship between transpiration and crop growth. He organized his analysis data from experiments from a range of environments, many of which were done early in the 20th century. He found that there was a very high correlation within a species between growth and transpiration normalized for pan evaporation over a wide range of conditions, and the slope of the relationship was distinct for each species. He examined possible variation in the slope to growth conditions and found the slope remained essentially constant. Thus, he concluded that there was an intimate, stable dependence for each crop species on the amount of water lost and its growth.
Seismic demands on nonstructural components anchored to concrete accounting for structure‐fastener‐nonstructural interaction (SFNI)
Authors: Pürgstaller Andreas , Quintana Gallo Patricio , Pampanin Stefano , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis paper investigates the influence of the hysteretic shear behavior of postinstalled anchors in concrete on the seismic response of nonstructural components (NSCs) using numerical methods. The purpose of the investigation is to evaluate current design requirements for NSC and their anchorage. Current design guidelines and simplified methods, such as floor response spectra (FRS), typically approach the dynamics of the structure‐fastener‐NSC (SFN) system using simplified empirical formulae. These formulations decouple the structure from the NSC and neglect the behavior of the anchor connection, with the assumption of full rigidity. There is a lack of knowledge on the complex interaction between a host structure, the fastening system, and the NSC, herein referred to as structure‐fastener‐nonstructural interaction (SFNI). More specifically, it is important to investigate whether and how the actual hysteresis shear behavior that takes place in the anchorage could alter the seismic response of the SFN system and its components. Herein, the results of extensive nonlinear dynamic analyses (NLDA) with different models for the anchorage force‐displacement relationship are presented and compared with those obtained with FRS procedures and current code provisions. The anchor models include (a) linear‐elastic, (b) bilinear, and (c) a recently developed hysteresis rule. The results of the NLDA showed that the first two approaches are not able to reflect the behavior of an anchor loaded in dynamic shear. Moreover, when using the more refined hysteresis model, it appears that current code provisions might underestimate the component and anchor shear amplification factors for rigid NSC fixed to the host structure through anchors.
Leveraging operational information from wastewater injection wells to evaluate CO2 injection performance for carbon storage applications in the Appalachian Basin
Authors: Valluri Manoj , Sminchak Joel , Cumming Lydia , Main Joel , Larsen Glenn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGeologic parameters, geophysical logging, injection testing, and operational metrics from wastewater injection wells were integrated to develop a preliminary design of a carbon storage facility in the Appalachian Basin. A scattered group of 10–20 commercial wastewater injection wells dispose off produced water from oil and gas wells in the region, utilizing a sequence of stacked deep saline formations for injection zones. These wastewater injection wells provide practical benchmarks for understanding the feasibility of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage. Geologic models were developed based on characterization data from the wastewater injection wells. Reservoir simulations were calibrated according to injection testing and operational data from the wastewater injection wells. Long‐term operational data on injection flow rates and pressures measured in the wastewater injection wells were especially useful to evaluate the performance of carbon storage applications. The simulations were used to estimate injection pressures, radius of CO2 saturation, and pressure response for industrial scale CO2 storage applications. Results were also used to provide a design basis in terms of number of injection wells, well spacing, area of review, injection system components, monitoring plan, and CO2 pipeline distribution system. The analysis demonstrates that there is sufficient injectivity in the deep saline formations in the west‐central Appalachian Basin to store commercial volumes of anthropogenic CO2. The geologic system appears suitable for supporting CO2 injection rates of 0.5–1.0 million metric tons per year at injection pressures below formation fracture pressure in a single well. The long‐term operational data of wastewater injection wells within the study area suggested a lower permeability‐thickness values than indicated by initial reservoir tests. A workflow for developing realistic permeability values for input into reservoir simulations is presented. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RESPONSES OF SOIL WATER‐SALT VARIATION AND COTTON GROWTH TO DRIP IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER IN THE LOW PLAIN NEAR THE BOHAI SEA
Authors: Zhang Anqi , Zheng Chunlian , Li Kejiang , Dang Hongkai , Cao Caiyun , Rahma Abbas E. , Zhang Junpeng , Feng Di 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo test the feasibility and sustainability of drip irrigation with saline water in the Low Plain near the Bohai Sea (BHLP) in North China, the effects of drip irrigation using saline water on soil water salt, cotton growth, seed cotton yield and fibre quality were conducted during 2017–2018. Five salinity levels of irrigation water were set up: 1.3, 5.4, 8.8, 12.4 and 15.9 dS m‾¹. Cotton evapotranspiration increased first and then decreased with increasing salinity of irrigation water. Soil ECe within the cotton root zone at each stage increased with greater salinity of irrigation water. After a 2‐year experiment soil desalination occurred in the main root layer (top 0–60 cm soil layer) when water salinity was less than 8.8 dS m‾¹. The significant (p < 0.05) decline of seedling establishment rate and seed cotton yield only occurred in 15.9 dS m‾¹ treatment in 2017 when saline water was drip irrigated right after sowing. Leaf area index and plant height were inhibited when irrigation water salinity was more than 12.4 dS m‾¹ in both years. Additionally, saline water irrigation had little effect on fibre quality. To avoid a secondary salinization risk in this region, water with the salinity level of ≤8.8 dS m‾¹ was recommended under drip irrigation. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence and predictors of psychological distress in congenital heart disease patients
Authors: Martínez‐Quintana Efrén , Girolimetti Angela , Jiménez‐Rodríguez Sara , Fraguela‐Medina Carla , Rodríguez‐González Fayna , Tugores Antonio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine psychological distress in congenital heart disease (CHD) patients.MethodsCross‐sectional study among consecutive CHD patients recruited from a single hospital outpatient clinic to determine anxiety and depression according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐nine CHD patients [29 (19–39) years old, 100 (59%) males] were studied. A total of 25% and 9% of CHD patients showed anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. Patients with an HADS score ≥ 8 had a significantly worse New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, needed more psychological support, had more mental health history, and took more anxiolytic/antidepressant medication than the CHD patients with an HADS score below 8. A worse NYHA functional class [OR, 1.88 (1.01–3.52)] proved to be a predictor of a borderline/abnormal HADS score.ConclusionPsychological distress has a high prevalence among CHD patients and having an NYHA Class II and III is a significant predictor of an HADS score ≥ 8.
Discovery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) Inhibitors by Ligand‐based Virtual High Throughput Screening
Authors: Selvam Chelliah , Mock Charlotta D. , Mathew Omana P. , Ranganna Kasturi , Thilagavathi Ramasamy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVirtual screening has become one of the important tools in the discovery of novel hits for the given target. The present study reports the successful application of ligand‐based virtual screening method for the discovery of novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) inhibitors. We generated a ligand query model with pharmacophore features from the reported VEGFR‐2 inhibitors using vROCS tool and performed virtual screening. Among the 2.4 million lead like molecules of ZINC database screened, nineteen prioritized compounds were purchased from Enamine and ChemBridge and tested for VEGFR‐2 inhibitory activity using Promega's ADP‐Glo™ kinase assay. Experimental validation led to the discovery of four compounds 3, 7, 10, and 13. Compound 10 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 19.3 μM. Molecular docking was performed for these compounds and the predicted binding modes reported in this paper may further guide to explore the possible structural changes to get more potent VEGFR‐2 inhibitors
Level‐set topology optimization for maximizing fracture resistance of brittle materials using phase‐field fracture model
Authors: Wu Chi , Fang Jianguang , Zhou Shiwei , Zhang Zhongpu , Sun Guangyong , Steven Grant P. , Li Qing 
Published: March 2020

SummaryFracture is one of the most common failure modes in brittle materials. It can drastically decrease material integrity and structural strength. To address this issue, we propose a level‐set (LS) based topology optimization procedure to optimize the distribution of reinforced inclusions within matrix materials subject to the volume constraint for maximizing structural resistance to fracture. A phase‐field fracture model is formulated herein to simulate crack initiation and propagation, in which a staggered algorithm is developed to solve such time‐dependent crack propagation problems. In line with diffusive damage of the phase‐field approach for fracture; topological derivatives, which provide gradient information for the topology optimization in a LS framework, are derived for fracture mechanics problems. A reaction‐diffusion equation is adopted to update the LS function within a finite element framework. This avoids the reinitialization by overcoming the limitation to time step with the Courant‐Friedrichs‐Lewy condition. In this article, three numerical examples, namely, a L‐shaped section, a rectangular slab with predefined cracks, and an all‐ceramic onlay dental bridge (namely, fixed partial denture), are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed LS based topology optimization for enhancing fracture resistance of multimaterial composite structures in a phase‐field fracture context.
The fragmentation patterns of maternal plasma cell‐free DNA and its applications in non‐invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Pan Min , Chen Pingsheng , Lu Jiafeng , Liu Zhiyu , Jia Erteng , Ge Qinyu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe discovery of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma has opened up new promises for the development of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Application of cfDNA in NIPT of fetus diseases and abnormalities is restricted by the low amount of fetal DNA molecules in maternal plasma. Fetus‐derived cfDNA in maternal plasma are shorter than maternal DNA, thus leveraging the maternal and fetus‐derived cfDNA molecules size difference has become a novel and more accurate method for NIPT. However, multiple biological properties such as size distribution of plasma DNA, proportion of fetal‐derived DNA and methylation levels in maternal plasma across different gestational ages still remain largely unknown. Further insights into the size distribution and fragmentation pattern of circulating plasma cfDNA will shed light on the origin and fragmentation mechanisms of cfDNA during physiological and pathological processes in prenatal diseases and enhance our ability to take the advantage of plasma cfDNA as a molecular diagnostic tool. In the review, we start by summarizing the research techniques for the determination of the fragmentation profiles of cfDNA in maternal plasma. We then summarize the main progress and findings in size profiles of maternal plasma cfDNA and cffDNA. Finally, we discuss the potential diagnostic applications of plasma cfDNA size profiling.
Solid‐state grafting of maleic anhydride onto polypropylene: The influence of morphology of polypropylene on heterogeneous reaction
Authors: Kučera František , Petruš Josef , Bálková Radka , Jančář Josef 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) was modified with maleic anhydride (MAH) via heterogeneous solid‐state radical grafting performed in a fluidized polymerization reactor. The effect of PP morphology and different concentration of initiator (dibenzoyl peroxide, DBP) on the course of the reaction and grafting efficiency was evaluated with using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle surface analysis (BET method). With respect to obtained results, the reaction course can be strongly affected by the reaction conditions and PP morphology. Unlike the reactive modification in melt, heterogeneous reaction exhibits lower extent of β‐scission albeit the reaction conversion is lower. Solid‐state grafting can be used as an alternative method for the surface modification of nonpolar surfaces with polar monomers under mild conditions.
Scripting the DSM‐5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders assessment procedure: A clinically feasible multi‐informant multi‐method approach
Authors: Weekers Laura C. , Hutsebaut Joost , Bach Bo , Kamphuis Jan H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPublished case studies on the DSM‐5 (section III) Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) generally utilized unstandardized assessment procedures or mono‐method approaches. We present a case from clinical practice to illustrate a standardized, clinically feasible procedure for assessing personality pathology according to the full AMPD model, using a multi‐method approach. We aim to present a procedure that can guide and inspire clinicians that are going to work with dimensional models as presented in DSM‐5 and ICD‐11. Specifically, we show how questionnaire and interview data from multiple sources (i.e. patient and family) can be combined. The clinical case also illustrates how Criterion A (i.e. functioning) and B (i.e. traits) are interrelated, suggesting that the joint assessment of both Criterion A and B is necessary for a comprehensive and clinically relevant case formulation. It also highlights how multi‐method information can enhance diagnostic formulations. Finally, we show how the AMPD model can serve treatment planning and provide suggestions for how patient feedback might be delivered. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.