bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring human perceptions of developing room fires: The influence of situational and dispositional factors
Authors: Bonny Justin W. , Leventon Isaac T. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryStudies of human behavior during emergencies have observed that when presented with situational cues that a hazard may be present, humans can fail to act on this information in a timely manner. Some models of human behavior in response to fire‐related emergencies can explicitly account for potential delays in identifying and acting on the presented risk of a fire. Past research has indicated that variations in the disposition of individuals, such as psychological traits, can also influence responses to emergencies. The present study examines the extent to which responses to images of growing room fires are influenced by situational and dispositional factors. Participants judged whether words reflecting normalcy, risk, or protective action applied to images of developing room fires that varied in intensity. Psychophysical models of responses revealed that, as room fires developed, deviation from normalcy words were first reliably judged to apply, then risk, and finally protective action, in line with models of human evacuation behavior. Individual differences in specific dispositional traits influenced when participants identified that protective action applied to the growing fire. The evidence in the present study suggests that psychophysical and observational data can contribute to understanding human evacuation behavior during fire emergencies.
An Optimized Model for Predicting Kinematic Viscosities of Biodiesel Fuels▴
Authors: Wang S. , Sui M. , Luo H. , Li F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, the empirical correlations for viscosity and temperature of biodiesel fuels have been optimized. In order to achieve this, an optimized empirical correlation is proposed and the predicted values are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The optimized empirical correlation has the advantages of small relative error, small error range and no obvious error fluctuations. On the basis of the proposed correlation, the concepts of viscosity gradient of biodiesels and critical preheating temperature of biodiesels are proposed in this paper. The viscosity gradient, the critical preheating temperature and the range of applications for three kinds of biodiesel fuels are obtained by analyzing their viscosity data.
Truncated tests for combining evidence of summary statistics
Authors: Bu Deliang , Yang Qinglong , Meng Zhen , Zhang Sanguo , Li Qizhai 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo date, thousands of genetic variants to be associated with numerous human traits and diseases have been identified by genome‐wide association studies (GWASs). The GWASs focus on testing the association between single trait and genetic variants. However, the analysis of multiple traits and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) might reflect physiological process of complex diseases and the corresponding study is called pleiotropy association analysis. Modern day GWASs report only summary statistics instead of individual‐level phenotype and genotype data to avoid logistical and privacy issues. Existing methods for combining multiple phenotypes GWAS summary statistics mainly focus on low‐dimensional phenotypes while lose power in high‐dimensional cases. To overcome this defect, we propose two kinds of truncated tests to combine multiple phenotypes summary statistics. Extensive simulations show that the proposed methods are robust and powerful when the dimension of the phenotypes is high and only part of the phenotypes are associated with the SNPs. We apply the proposed methods to blood cytokines data collected from Finnish population. Results show that the proposed tests can identify additional genetic markers that are missed by single trait analysis.
δ scores predict multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms
Authors: Royall Donald R. , Palmer Raymond F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesDementia severity is strongly related to Spearman's general intelligence factor “g”, via the latent dementia phenotype “δ” and is distinct from domain‐specific cognitive impairments arising from disease‐specific regional pathologies. It is an empiric question whether behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are associated with δ or with domain‐specific constructs.MethodsA recently developed δ homolog (”dDx”) was tested as a predictor of 1 year prospective BPSD in n = 723 Mexican‐American and non‐Hispanic White participants in the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC). The informant‐rated frequencies of 12 BPSD were rated by the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI‐Q). Baseline BPSD, demographic features, selected biomarkers, and treatment exposure to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were used as covariates. Composite scores derived from orthogonal latent measures of domain‐specific memory (MEM) and executive function (EF) were also tested as predictors.Results“Functionally salient cognitive impairment (FSCI)” that is, categorical “dementia” as diagnosed by dDx was associated with increased prospective frequency of 11/12 BPSD, independently of baseline behavior and covariates. Age, depressive symptoms, and EF were associated with individual BPSD. MEM was not associated with any. Dementia severity, as measured by dDx, was also associated with a prospective increase in total NPI‐Q scores.Conclusionδ is associated non‐specifically with multiple BPSD. This suggests the existence of a dementia‐specific behavioral profile, arising from insults to general intelligence, and unrelated to disease‐specific regional pathology(ies).
Baseline sensorimotor GABA levels shape neuroplastic processes induced by motor learning in older adults
Authors: King Bradley R. , Rumpf Jost‐Julian , Verbaanderd Elvire , Heise Kirstin F. , Dolfen Nina , Sunaert Stefan , Doyon Julien , Classen Joseph , Mantini Dante , Puts Nicolaas A. J. , Edden Richard A. E. , Albouy Geneviève , Swinnen Stephan P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevious research in young adults has demonstrated that both motor learning and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) trigger decreases in the levels of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the sensorimotor cortex, and these decreases are linked to greater learning. Less is known about the role of GABA in motor learning in healthy older adults, a knowledge gap that is surprising given the established aging‐related reductions in sensorimotor GABA. Here, we examined the effects of motor learning and subsequent tDCS on sensorimotor GABA levels and resting‐state functional connectivity in the brains of healthy older participants. Thirty‐six older men and women completed a motor sequence learning task before receiving anodal or sham tDCS to the sensorimotor cortex. GABA‐edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the sensorimotor cortex and resting‐state (RS) functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired before and after learning/stimulation. At the group level, neither learning nor anodal tDCS significantly modulated GABA levels or RS connectivity among task‐relevant regions. However, changes in GABA levels from the baseline to post‐learning session were significantly related to motor learning magnitude, age, and baseline GABA. Moreover, the change in functional connectivity between task‐relevant regions, including bilateral motor cortices, was correlated with baseline GABA levels. These data collectively indicate that motor learning‐related decreases in sensorimotor GABA levels and increases in functional connectivity are limited to those older adults with higher baseline GABA levels and who learn the most. Post‐learning tDCS exerted no influence on GABA levels, functional connectivity or the relationships among these variables in older adults.
Phenylboronic acid‐functionalized F127‐oligochitosan conjugate micelles for doxorubicin encapsulation
Authors: Feng Runliang , Wang Wanqiu , Zhu Li , Xu Hongmei , Chen Shiyu , Song Zhimei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDoxorubicin shows good anticancer activity, but poor pharmacokinetic property and high organ toxicity restrict its clinical application. The synthesized phenylboronic acid‐modified F127‐chitosan conjugate was used to prepare doxorubicin‐loaded micelles through dialysis method. The physicochemical properties of the doxorubicin‐loaded micelles were characterized. These micelles were further evaluated for in vitro release/cytotoxicity, in vivo activity/biosafety, and pharmacokinetic studies. in vitro release experiment demonstrated that the release of doxorubicin from drug‐loaded micelles was pH‐dependent. in vitro cytotoxic study showed that the introduction of phenylboronic acid resulted in lower IC50 against B16 cells than that in non‐modified F127‐chitosan micelles group, and the doxorubicin‐loaded micelles displayed lower in vitro activity against B16, A549, and HT‐29 cells than free doxorubicin did. However, in vivo experiments confirmed that the doxorubicin‐loaded micelles were safe for mouse main organs, obviously improved pharmacokinetic parameters of doxorubicin in rat and achieved comparable inhibition of tumor growth with no animal death in B16‐bearing mice models throughout the experiment when compared with free doxorubicin. The phenylboronic acid‐sialic acid interaction and pH‐sensitive drug release might play important roles in increased tumor targeting and therapeutic effect of the doxorubicin‐loaded micelles.
Subjective experience of the origin and development of avoidant personality disorder
Authors: Sørensen Kristine D. , Wilberg Theresa , Berthelsen Eivind , Råbu Marit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo better understand how persons diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) make sense of the origin and development of their current everyday struggles.MethodsPersons with AVPD (N = 15) were interviewed twice using semi‐structured qualitative interviews, which were analyzed through interpretative‐phenomenological analysis. Persons with the first‐hand experience of AVPD were included in the research.ResultsThe superordinate theme, “a story of becoming forlorn,” encompassed three main themes: “it goes all the way back to when I was little,” “there was a distance between others and me,” and “transitions made it worse.”ConclusionsThough the results are not necessarily specific to AVPD, the findings clarify how people with AVPD can make sense of their current struggles by constructing developmental life stories in the interplay between themselves as persons and the growing demands of their social world. Furthermore, childhood relational vulnerabilities may challenge the ongoing development of social cognition and skills.
LINC01426 contributes to clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by modulating CTBP1/miR‐423‐5p/FOXM1 axis via interacting with IGF2BP1
Authors: Jiang YuFeng , Zhang HaiMin , Li Wei , Yan Yang , Yao XuDong , Gu WenYu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal regulators in oncogenesis. However, the role of numerous lncRNAs has never been unmasked in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Presently, we investigated the function of long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 1426 (LINC01426) in ccRCC, as The Cancer Genome Atlas data indicated that LINC01426 was highly expressed in ccRCC tissues and its overexpression was correlated with disappointing prognosis. First, we verified that LINC01426 was indeed upregulated in ccRCC cell lines and its depletion restrained ccRCC cell proliferation and migration. Besides, we proved that LINC01426 facilitated ccRCC tumorigenesis via forkhead box M1 (FOXM1). Moreover, it was revealed that miR‐423‐5p was downregulated and directly targeted FOXM1 in ccRCC, and that LINC01426 positively regulated FOXM1 via its inhibition on miR‐423‐5p. Notably, we also uncovered that miR‐423‐5p was transcriptionally silenced by CTBP1 and HDAC2. Of importance, LINC01426 was certified to distribute both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of ccRCC cells, and it increased CTBP1 expression through recruiting insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) in cytoplasm whereas interacted with CTBP1 protein to improve the transcriptional repression on miR‐423‐5p in nucleus. Jointly, our observations unveiled that LINC01426 aggravates ccRCC progression via IGF2BP1/CTBP1/HDAC2/miR‐423‐5p/FOXM1 axis, highlighting LINC01426 as a novel promising target for ccRCC treatment.
Effects of photobiomodulation combined with MSCs transplantation on the repair of spinal cord injury in rat
Authors: Chen Hongli , Wang Yunhao , Tu Wenjun , Wang Hong , Yin Huijuan , Sha Hong , Li Yingxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStem cell transplantation has shown promising regenerative effects against neural injury, and photobiomodulation (PBM) can aid tissue recovery. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and laser alone or combined on spinal cord injury (SCI). The animals were divided into SCI, hUCMSCs, laser treatment (LASER) and combination treatment (hUCMSCs + LASER) groups. Cell‐enriched grafts of hUCMSCs (1 × 106 cells/ml) were injected at the site of antecedent trauma in SCI model rats. A 2 cm2 damaged area was irradiated with 630 nm laser at 100 mW/cm2 power for 20 min. Locomotion was evaluated using Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) scores, and neurofilament repair were monitored by histological staining and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). First, after SCI, the motor function of each group was restored with different degrees, the combination treatment significantly increased the BBB scores compared to either monotherapy. In addition, Nissl bodies were more numerous, and the nerve fibers were longer and thicker in the combination treatment group. Consistent with this, the in situ expression of NF‐200 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the damaged area was the highest in the combination treatment group. Finally, DTI showed that the combination therapy optimally improved neurofilament structure and arrangement. These results may show that the combination of PBM and hUCMSCs transplantation is a feasible strategy for reducing secondary damage and promoting functional recovery following SCI.
Macro‐ and microscopic study on the tongue and lingual papillae of Bison bonasus hybrid as an interspecific species (Bos taurus × Bison bonasus)
Authors: Plewa Barbara , Jackowiak Hanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNowadays the processes of crossing of different mammalian species are well characterized in light of genetics, and possibility of reproduction. Generally, lack detailed studies on changes in anatomy and histology of internal systems of hybrids. Bison bonasus hybrid is an interspecific species between the bull of European bison (Bison bonasus), and female of domesticated cattle (Bos taurus). To study the anatomy of tongue and distribution of lingual papillae on Bison bonasus hybrid tongue, a stereomicroscopic and scanning electron microscopic observations was conducted. We aimed to study the appearance of macro‐ and microscopic traits in relation to parental species and other bovids. Results indicate that Bison bonasus hybrid tongue possesses characteristic traits for parental species and ruminants from Bovidae family and also species‐specific features differ from mentioned animals. Specific new traits in hybrid are: V‐shaped arrangement of lingual papillae on ventral surface of the tongue, rosette arrangement of conical papillae on the top of lingual prominence, bigger number of vallate papillae and closer arrangement of vallate papillae. In hybrid observed also the appearance of combination of parental traits. Similar to European bison are rectangular shape of lingual prominence and absence of filiform papillae on the root of tongue. Presence of lateral processes of filiform papillae on the apex of tongue, and arrangement of vallate papillae into two rows corresponded to cattle. Development of new morphological features of tongue and its mucosal papillae in Bison bonasus hybrid opens new issue for future studies on organs of digestive system in animals after hybridization.
“Patients are not the same, so we cannot treat them the same” – A qualitative content analysis of provider, patient and implementer perspectives on differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment in South Africa
Authors: Pascoe Sophie J S , Scott Nancy A , Fong Rachel M , Murphy Joshua , Huber Amy N , Moolla Aneesa , Phokojoe Mokgadi , Gorgens Marelize , Rosen Sydney , Wilson David , Pillay Yogan , Fox Matthew P , Fraser‐Hurt Nicole 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn 2014, the South African government adopted a differentiated service delivery (DSD) model in its “National Adherence Guidelines for Chronic Diseases (HIV, TB and NCDs)” (AGL) to strengthen the HIV care cascade. We describe the barriers and facilitators of the AGL implementation as experienced by various stakeholders in eight intervention and control sites across four districts.MethodsEmbedded within a cluster‐randomized evaluation of the AGL, we conducted 48 in‐depth interviews (IDIs) with healthcare providers, 16 IDIs with Department of Health and implementing partners and 24 focus group discussions (FGDs) with three HIV patient groups: new, stable and those not stable on treatment or not adhering to care. IDIs were conducted from August 2016 to August 2017; FGDs were conducted in January to February 2017. Content analysis was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Findings were triangulated among respondent types to elicit barriers and facilitators to implementation.ResultsNew HIV patients found counselling helpful but intervention respondents reported sub‐optimal counselling and privacy concerns as barriers to initiation. Providers felt insufficiently trained for this intervention and were confused by the simultaneous rollout of the Universal Test and Treat strategy. For stable patients, repeat prescription collection strategies (RPCS) were generally well received. Patients and providers concurred that RPCS reduced congestion and waiting times at clinics. There was confusion though, among providers and implementers, around implementation of RPCS interventions. For patients not stable on treatment, enhanced counselling and tracing patients lost‐to‐follow‐up were perceived as beneficial to adherence behaviours but faced logistical challenges. All providers faced difficulties accessing data and identifying patients in need of tracing. Congestion at clinics and staff attitude were perceived as barriers preventing patients returning to care.ConclusionsImplementation of DSD models at scale is complex but this evaluation identified several positive aspects of AGL implementation. The positive perception of RPCS interventions and challenges managing patients not stable on treatment aligned with results from the larger evaluation. While some implementation challenges may resolve with experience, ensuring providers and implementers have the necessary training, tools and resources to operationalize AGL effectively is critical to the overall success of South Africa’s HIV control strategy.
Automatic T Staging Using Weakly Supervised Deep Learning for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma on MR Images
Authors: Yang Qing , Guo Ying , Ou Xiaomin , Wang Jiazhou , Hu Chaosu 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundRecent studies have shown that deep learning can help tumor staging automatically. However, automatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) staging is difficult due to the lack of large and slice‐level annotated datasets.PurposeTo develop a weakly‐supervised deep‐learning method to predict NPC patients' T stage without additional annotations.Study TypeRetrospective.Population/SubjectsIn all, 1138 cases with NPC from 2010 to 2012 were enrolled, including a training set (n = 712) and a validation set (n = 426).Field Strength/Sequence1.5T, T1‐weighted images (T1WI), T2‐weighted images (T2WI), contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images (CE‐T1WI).AssessmentWe used a weakly‐supervised deep‐learning network to achieve automated T staging of NPC. T usually refers to the size and extent of the main tumor. The training set was employed to construct the deep‐learning model. The performance of the automated T staging model was evaluated in the validation set. The accuracy of the model was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. To further assess the performance of the deep‐learning‐based T score, the progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were performed.Statistical TestsThe Sklearn package in Python was applied to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC. The survcomp package was used for calculations and comparisons between C‐indexes. The software SPSS was employed to conduct survival analysis and chi‐square tests.ResultsThe accuracy of the deep‐learning model was 75.59% in the validation set. The average AUC of the ROC curve of different stages was 0.943. There were no significant differences in the C‐indexes of PFS and OS from the deep‐learning model and those from TNM staging, with P values of 0.301 and 0.425, respectively.Data ConclusionThis weakly‐supervised deep‐learning approach can perform fully automated T staging of NPC and achieve good prognostic performance.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1074–1082.
Resting‐state connectivity and network parameter analysis in alcohol‐dependent males. A simultaneous EEG‐MEG study
Authors: Sion Ana , Bruña Fernández Ricardo , Martínez Maldonado Andrés , Domínguez Centeno Isabel , Torrado‐Carvajal Angel , Rubio Gabriel , Pereda Ernesto , Jurado‐Barba Rosa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is supporting evidence of alcohol negative effects on the brain: neuroimaging and psychophysiological studies finding anatomical and functional connectivity (FC) changes associated with the dependence process. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate brain FC and network characteristics of alcohol‐dependent individuals in resting state. For this study, we included males diagnosed with alcohol dependence (N = 25) and a group of healthy individuals (N = 23). Simultaneous EEG‐MEG (electroencephalographic and magnetoencephalographic) activity was recorded in 5 min of eyes‐closed resting state. EEG‐MEG activity was preprocessed and FC was computed through the leakage‐corrected version of phase locking value (ciPLV). Additionally, local (degree, efficiency, clustering) and global (efficiency, characteristic path length) network parameters were computed. Connectivity analysis showed an increase in phase‐lagged synchronization, mainly between frontal and frontotemporal regions, in high beta band, and a decrease in interhemispheric gamma, for alcohol‐dependent individuals. Network analysis revealed intergroup differences at the local level for high beta, indicating higher degree, clustering, and efficiency, mostly at frontal nodes, together with a decrease in these measures at more posterior sites for patients’ group. The hyper‐synchronization in beta, next to the hypo‐synchronization in gamma, could indicate an alteration in communication between hemispheres, but also a possible functional compensation mechanism in neural circuits. This could be also supported by network characteristic data, where local alterations in communication are observed.