bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoglyceride oleogels as fat replacers in filling creams for sandwich cookies
Authors: Palla Camila A , Wasinger María F , Carrín María E 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany food products need to be reformulated to reduce the intake of saturated and trans fats which are considered unhealthy. In particular, the reformulation of filling creams (FCs) is challenging as these fats cannot be directly replaced with liquid oil without affecting the final product properties. This research studied the formulation and characterization of FCs for sandwich cookies using monoglyceride oleogel as fat material.RESULTSFC formulated with 260 g kg−1 oleogel showed viscoelastic moduli values that did not differ significantly from those measured in a filling cream of commercial sandwich cookies (FC‐CSCs) used as reference. The oil binding capacity of the FCs decreased with the increase of oleogel content. The increase of the oleogel amount in the formulation produced a decrease in hardness but an increase in adhesiveness and cohesiveness. Hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness ranged from 0.66 to 3.48 N, 0.44 to 0.86 N s, and 0.07 to 0.29, respectively. When FCs were used for assembling cookies into sandwiches, an oil loss of about 9 g kg−1 FC after 21 days of storage was found in FCs containing 220 and 260 g kg−1 oleogel. The nutritional improvement due to the use of oleogel in FCs led to a reduction in saturated fatty acids between 64.5% and 35.2% and from 1.0 to 0.0% trans fatty acids in comparison with FC‐CSC.CONCLUSIONFull fat replacement with monoglyceride oleogel in FC formulations allows the obtention of products with good quality and some similar characteristics to those obtained for FC‐CSC, with the added benefit of a healthier nutritional profile. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of cassava starch degradation using sonication process in aqueous sodium chloride
Authors: Airlangga Bramantyo , Sugianto Ayu Maulina , Parahita Ghaluh , Puspasari Febriyati , Mayangsari Novi Eka , Trisanti Prida Novarita , Sutikno Juwari Purwo , Sumarno Sumarno 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDStarch degradation is an important process that can increase starch utilization in some industrial applications. In many polysaccharide compounds, the addition of salt is an alternative method to enhance the structural degradation of starch by sonication. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sonication in aqueous NaCl solution on the structural degradation of cassava starch.RESULTSThis method produces reducing sugar which its amount is relatively smaller than the amount of total dissolved solid product. The maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) was 0.365 ± 0.005 kg m–3 (or about 7.3 mg g–1) that resulted by S50 for 60 min reaction. The increase of sonication amplitude was in line with the increase of granule defect in SEM image. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the degradation process was characterized by rupturing of the amorphous region.CONCLUSIONThe structural alteration and the increase in NaCl weight suggest that this process may become a useful method for starch modification. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Colonization of Aspergillus carbonarius and accumulation of ochratoxin A in Vitis vinifera, Vitis labrusca, and hybrid grapes – research on the most promising alternatives for organic viticulture
Authors: Veras Flávio Fonseca , Dachery Bruna , Manfroi Vitor , Welke Juliane Elisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAspergillus carbonarius has been identified as one of the main fungi that produce ochratoxin A (OTA) in grapes. This nephrotoxic mycotoxin has been legislated against in several countries and is a major concern for viticulture. Knowledge of resistance to, or susceptibility to, colonization by A. carbonarius may be useful in selecting the most promising cultivars for organic agriculture and could help in preventing fungal contamination in vineyards. This study aimed to evaluate the colonization potential and the capacity to produce OTA by A. carbonarius in Vitis vinifera, V. labrusca, and hybrid grapes. The correlation between OTA levels and grape berry characteristics was also analyzed.RESULTSThe OTA content was only strongly correlated with the thickness and hardness of the grape skins. The correlation between OTA levels and these parameters was negative (grapes with the least thickness and hardness had the highest OTA levels). Vitis vinifera grapes were more susceptible to A. carbonarius than V. labrusca and hybrid grapes at both 25 and 4 °C. Chardonnay (V. vinifera) grapes showed the highest levels of OTA, followed by Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tannat, and Moscato Branco. Italia grapes were the exceptions among V. vinifera cultivars, since they showed similar thickness, hardness, and fungal resistance as the V. labrusca and hybrid grapes.CONCLUSIONThe highest resistance to A. carbonarius was observed in the following grapes: hybrids (BRS Lorena and BRS Violeta), V. labrusca (Isabel and Bordo), and V. vinifera (Italia). These cultivars can be prioritized in the implementation of organic viticulture. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The effects of nitrogen application rate on the grain physicochemical properties of japonica rice under controlled and flooding irrigation
Authors: Ning Huifeng , Sun Jingsheng , Liu Hao , Gao Yang , Shen Xiaojun , Wang Guangshuai , Zhang Kai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, we investigated the effects of water–nitrogen interaction on the grain quality of two varieties of japonica rice grown on the North China Plain, based on evaluations of grain biochemical components, starch X‐ray diffraction properties, thermal and pasting characteristics, and particle size distribution.RESULTSWe found that, under controlled irrigation, increasing levels of nitrogen resulted in a reduction in grain starch content and an increase in protein content. Nitrogen fertilization, irrigation, and their interaction had significant effects on the particle size and size distribution of rice flour. Under both controlled and flooding irrigation, the lowest values of pasting parameters for cultivars Xindao22 and Xindao10 were observed in response to moderate and high nitrogen application, respectively. Under flooding irrigation, Xindao22 exhibited lower mean value of gelatinization onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures and enthalpy in response to control irrigation, whereas in Xindao10 these parameters were relatively stable with respect to nitrogen and irrigation treatments. However, we observed no significant effects of either nitrogen or irrigation on amylopectin chain length distribution or starch relative crystallinity.CONCLUSIONNitrogen application rate and irrigation methods had distinct effects on the physicochemical properties of flour derived from treated rice plants. The findings will provide support for scientific irrigation and fertilization in order to improve rice grain quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Voice‐Related Quality of Life Is Associated with Postoperative Change in Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Schuman Ari D. , Neevel Andrew , Morrison Robert J. , Hogikyan Norman D. , Kupfer Robbi A. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo characterize the impact of subglottic stenosis (SGS) on voice‐related quality of life (V‐RQOL) and quantify the effect of treatment on voice outcomes.Study DesignCase series.MethodsRetrospective review of SGS patients treated from 1996 to 2018 at a single institution to assess for 1) V‐RQOL association with individual patient cumulative treatment number and 2) V‐RQOL correlation with treatment type, time between treatments, and degree of stenosis. Analysis included both parametric and nonparametric statistical comparison across treatment types and multivariable and univariate linear regression.ResultsSixty‐one patients, predominantly white (93%) and female (93%), were included. Etiology of SGS included idiopathic (61%), iatrogenic (16%), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (16%), and other (7%). The plurality of patients had four or more treatments (44%), with the remainder having one (28%), two (13%), or three treatments (15%). Analysis of change between pre‐ and postoperative V‐RQOL scores was completed for 130 treatments. These included dilation with laser incision (52%), in‐office injection (34%), dilation without division (8%), cricotracheal resection (1%), and all other treatment (8%). For every 10% improvement in airway caliber postoperatively, there was a 1.3‐point improvement in calculated V‐RQOL (r = 0.27, P = .02). After adjustment for treatment type, age, sex, and SGS etiology, this association held (beta = 1.5, P = .02). Change in V‐RQOL was not associated with treatment type, treatment number, or time between treatments.ConclusionPatients with subglottic stenosis who have greater degree of change in airway caliber experience greater improvement in V‐RQOL scores following treatment. V‐RQOL scores are not associated with treatment type or time between individual treatments.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:360–365, 2021
The calculation of the sum of the spaces of the K‐method of real interpolation
Authors: Berezhnoĭ Evgenii I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is shown that the calculation of the sum of the spaces of the K‐Peetre interpolation method can be reduced to the calculation of the sum of the cones of the concave functions included by the parameter in the definition of the spaces of the K‐Peetre interpolation method. As an example, a new extrapolation theorem for operators in Lipschitz spaces is obtained.
A New Approach to the Development of Disease‐Modifying Therapies for PD; Fighting Another Pandemic
Authors: Kieburtz Karl , Katz Russell , McGarry Andrew , Olanow C. Warren 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA disease‐modifying therapy that slows disease progression and development of disability is the major unmet need in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Recent scientific advances suggest many promising and exciting new interventions. However, despite these opportunities, the cost, time and uncertainty of being able to receive an indication as a disease‐modifying therapy has caused many pharmaceutical companies to abandon development of potentially disease‐modifying drugs. We propose a new approach to development of these agents that will reduce the cost and facilitate approval of putative disease‐modifying drugs that should prove acceptable to pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A high‐gain cavity‐backed slot antenna using a perfect magnetic conductor ground plane and multilayered superstrates
Authors: Kialashaki Majid , Khaleghi Ali , Taraji Mahboubeh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article presents a high gain cavity‐backed slot antenna using a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) ground plane and multilayered superstrates. A textured surface of periodic pins is applied to realize a high impedance surface (HIS), which simulates a PMC ground plane. The main advantage of using this structure is to suppress the surface wave propagation, improve the input impedance matching, increase the bandwidth, control the side‐lobe levels, and also provide higher gain. Moreover, the multilayered superstrates has been used to enhance the antenna gain. The simulations and measurements for the S‐parameter, gain, and radiation patterns of the antenna are presented. The proposed cavity‐backed slot antenna offers a maximum gain of 18 dBi and an impedance bandwidth of 16.5% at 11.5 GHz.
Design of tunable power detector towards 5G applications
Authors: Alaji Issa , Aouimeur Walid , Ghanem Haitham , Okada Etienne , Lépilliet Sylvie , Gloria Daniel , Ducournau Guillaume , Gaquière Christophe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the design and characterization of two tunable power detectors, based on PN diodes, integrated in SiGe 55‐nm BiCMOS technology from ST‐Microelectronics. The working frequency band of the circuits is (35‐50) GHz dedicated for 5G applications. The detector parameters are adjusted by controlling the biasing current, this characteristic makes them suitable to be utilized in different 5G applications. Two different diode sizes are used (L1N1, L2N5) in order to compare their performances. For three values of biasing current, the extracted voltage sensitivity values are between (700‐1400) V/W for L1N1 and (500‐1150) V/W for L2N5 showing the agreement with the simulation. Comparing to recent works, our designs exhibit very low power consumption (down to 60 nW) with relatively high sensitivity values. A targeted sensitivity value can be obtained with lower power consumption using larger diode size.
Physical and dosimetric characterization of thermoset shape memory bolus developed for radiotherapy
Authors: Aoyama Takahiro , Uto Koichiro , Shimizu Hidetoshi , Ebara Mitsuhiro , Kitagawa Tomoki , Tachibana Hiroyuki , Suzuki Kojiro , Kodaira Takeshi 
Published: October 2020

PurposeWe developed a thermoset shape memory bolus (shape memory bolus) made from poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) polymer. This study aimed to investigate whether the shape memory bolus can be applied to radiotherapy as a bolus that conformally adheres to the body surface, can be created in a short time, and can be reused.MethodsThe shape memory bolus was developed by cross‐linking tetrabranch PCL with reactive acrylate end groups. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to evaluate shape memory characterization before deformation and after restoration. In addition, the degree of adhesion to the body surface and crystallization time were calculated. Moreover, dosimetric characterization was evaluated using the water equivalent phantom and an Alderson RANDO phantom.ResultsThe DSC value between before deformation and after restoration was close to 1. The degree of adhesion of the shape memory bolus (1.9%) was improved compared with the conventional bolus (45.6%) and was equivalent to three‐dimensional (3D) printer boluses (1.3%–3.5%). The crystallization time was approximately 1.5 min, which was clinically acceptable. The dose calculation accuracy, dose distribution, and dose index were the equivalent compared with 3D boluses.ConclusionThe shape memory bolus has excellent adhesion to the body surface, can be created in a short time, and can be reused. In addition, the shape memory bolus needs can be made from low‐cost materials and no quality control systems are required for individual clinical departments, and it is useful as a bolus for radiotherapy.
Automatic intraprostatic lesion segmentation in multiparametric magnetic resonance images with proposed multiple branch UNet
Authors: Chen Yizheng , Xing Lei , Yu Lequan , Bagshaw Hilary P. , Buyyounouski Mark K. , Han Bin 
Published: October 2020

PurposeContouring intraprostatic lesions is a prerequisite for dose‐escalating these lesions in radiotherapy to improve the local cancer control. In this study, a deep learning‐based approach was developed for automatic intraprostatic lesion segmentation in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) images contributing to clinical practice.MethodsMultiparametric magnetic resonance imaging images from 136 patient cases were collected from our institution, and all these cases contained suspicious lesions with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) score ≥ 4. The contours of the lesion and prostate were manually created on axial T2‐weighted (T2W), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and high b‐value diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) images to provide the ground truth data. Then a multiple branch UNet (MB‐UNet) was proposed for the segmentation of an indistinct target in multi‐modality MRI images. An encoder module was designed with three branches for the three MRI modalities separately, to fully extract the high‐level features provided by different MRI modalities; an input module was added by using three sub‐branches for three consecutive image slices, to consider the contour consistency among different image slices; deep supervision strategy was also integrated into the network to speed up the convergency of the network and improve the performance. The probability maps of the background, normal prostate and lesion were output by the network to generate the segmentation of the lesion, and the performance was evaluated using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) as the main metric.ResultsA total of 162 lesions were contoured on 652 image slices, with 119 lesions in the peripheral zone, 38 in the transition zone, four in the central zone and one in the anterior fibromuscular stroma. All prostates were also contoured on 1,264 image slices. As for the segmentation of lesions in the testing set, MB‐UNet achieved a per case DSC of 0.6333, specificity of 0.9993, sensitivity of 0.7056; and global DSC of 0.7205, specificity of 0.9993, sensitivity of 0.7409. All the three deep learning strategies adopted in this study contributed to the performance promotion of the MB‐UNet. Missing the DWI modality would degrade the segmentation performance more markedly compared with the other two modalities.ConclusionsA deep learning‐based approach with proposed MB‐UNet was developed to automatically segment suspicious lesions in mpMRI images. This study makes it feasible to adopt boosting intraprostatic lesions in clinical practice to achieve better outcomes.
Technical Note: 4D cone‐beam CT reconstruction from sparse‐view CBCT data for daily motion assessment in pencil beam scanned proton therapy (PBS‐PT)
Authors: den Otter Lydia A. , Chen Kuanling , Janssens Guillaume , Meijers Arturs , Both Stefan , Langendijk Johannes A. , Rosen Lane R. , Wu Hsinshun T. , Knopf Antje‐Christin 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe number of pencil beam scanned proton therapy (PBS‐PT) facilities equipped with cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging treating thoracic indications is constantly rising. To enable daily internal motion monitoring during PBS‐PT treatments of thoracic tumors, we assess the performance of Motion‐Aware RecOnstructiOn method using Spatial and Temporal Regularization (MA‐ROOSTER) four‐dimensional CBCT (4DCBCT) reconstruction for sparse‐view CBCT data and a realistic data set of patients treated with proton therapy.MethodsDaily CBCT projection data for nine non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and one SCLC patient were acquired at a proton gantry system (IBA Proteus® One). Four‐dimensional CBCT images were reconstructed applying the MA‐ROOSTER and the conventional phase‐correlated Feldkamp‐Davis‐Kress (PC‐FDK) method. Image quality was assessed by visual inspection, contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and the structural similarity index measure (SSIM). Furthermore, gross tumor volume (GTV) centroid motion amplitudes were evaluated.ResultsImage quality for the 4DCBCT reconstructions using MA‐ROOSTER was superior to the PC‐FDK reconstructions and close to FDK images (median CNR: 1.23 [PC‐FDK], 1.98 [MA‐ROOSTER], and 1.98 [FDK]; median SNR: 2.56 [PC‐FDK], 4.76 [MA‐ROOSTER], and 5.02 [FDK]; median SSIM: 0.18 [PC‐FDK vs FDK], 0.31 [MA‐ROOSTER vs FDK]). The improved image quality of MA‐ROOSTER facilitated GTV contour warping and realistic motion monitoring for most of the reconstructions.ConclusionMA‐ROOSTER based 4DCBCTs performed well in terms of image quality and appear to be promising for daily internal motion monitoring in PBS‐PT treatments of (N)SCLC patients.
Limestone Remediation of an Acidic Stream Creates a Microchemical Batch Mark for Brook Trout within an Appalachian Watershed
Authors: Huntsman Brock M. , Kim Hae , Phelps Quinton , Petty J. Todd 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The addition of limestone sand directly to streams is an effective method for treating chemical and biological issues associated with acid precipitation, a common concern in many Appalachian watersheds. The unique water chemistry created by limestone remediation potentially creates a “mark” in fish hard parts (e.g., otoliths and fin rays) that can be used to identify fish from remediated habitats, even after fish disperse into the surrounding riverscape. We tested whether elevated concentrations of calcium from a limestone-treated stream could be identified by microchemistry in the otoliths of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis and whether the concentrations could distinguish fish among treated and untreated habitats within the upper Shavers Fork watershed in West Virginia. Calcium concentrations in water were similar between the treated headwater stream and the control stream. Multivariate ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analyses indicated that calcium and strontium concentrations were significantly higher in Brook Trout otoliths from the treatment stream than in those from the control stream. Our results suggest that hard-part microchemistry is a promising tool for identifying locally produced fish from limestone-remediated streams in the surrounding riverscape.
Simulated Use of YY Male Stocking and Suppression for Eradicating Common Carp Populations
Authors: McCormick Joshua L. , Schill Daniel J. , Meyer Kevin A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The introduction and subsequent spread of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio throughout the world represent one of the most destructive and pervasive forces impacting aquatic ecosystems. Herein we use computer simulations to predict if stocking YY male carp in conjunction with manual netting or piscicide use could eradicate invasive Common Carp populations. Two forms of YY males were evaluated, including sperm-producing (MYY) and egg-producing (FYY) fish. A stochastic individual-based population model was used to evaluate the effects of simulated management actions on both the abundance and extirpation probabilities of high- and low-density populations. Results predicted that some YY male stocking scenarios alone could eradicate carp populations. For example, when stocking FYY carp into low-density populations, predicted extirpation probabilities exceeded 0.87 when stocking at least 50 carp/ha was maintained for at least 10 years. Additionally, a one-time use of rotenone (to reduce the virtual population by 90%) plus stocking at least 50 FYY carp/ha for at least 5 years into low-density populations resulted in predicted extirpation probabilities exceeding 0.88. Favorable extirpation probabilities were also obtained by combining YY male stocking and either selective (i.e., no culling of stocked YY males) or non-selective annual suppression. For example, FYY stocking with only 10% sustained, non-selective suppression yielded extinction probabilities exceeding 95% in 15 years, while increasing suppression levels to 50% resulted in extirpation probabilities over 95% within 5 years. Without exception, MYY stocking functioned far less efficiently in simulations than FYY stocking, but MYY carp did work in a small subset of low-density scenarios and may also have prophylactic utility where prior eradication has occurred and where there is a high risk of re-invasion. We conclude that stocking of YY male Common Carp is worthy of field testing, but additional simulations are needed to explore other questions not addressed in this study.