bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout in nurses working in China: A national questionnaire survey
Authors: Zhang Wenyu , Miao Ran , Tang Jingping , Su Qingqing , Aung Lynn Htet Htet , Pi Hongying , Sai Xiaoyong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess the overall status of burnout in nurses in China on a national scale and investigate the demographic characteristics related to burnout and the relationships between demographics, job satisfaction and burnout.MethodsThis was a national cross‐sectional study conducted by the Chinese Nursing Association between July 2016 and July 2017. Data were collected using a structured, self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsA total of 51 406 registered nurses in 311 Chinese cities completed the questionnaire. Fifty per cent of the participants suffered burnout, and 33.8% of nurses had high scores on emotional exhaustion, 66.6% had high scores on depersonalization and 93.5% had low scores on personal accomplishment; 16.2% reported a high level of job satisfaction, only 0.4% was satisfied with their jobs and 70.7% intended to leave their jobs. Marital status, educational level, income and years of working experience affected job burnout. Nurses with a high level of burnout were more likely to have a high degree of job dissatisfaction and intend to leave their jobs.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of burnout among nurses in China. Nursing managers need to pay more attention to job burnout and its influencing factors. Interventions to reduce nurse burnout should be implemented.
Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate versus bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate in management of benign prostatic hyperplasia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Higazy Ahmed , Tawfeek Ahmed M , Abdalla Hany Moustafa , Shorbagy AA , Mousa Waleed , Radwan Ahmed I 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety, efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of holmium enucleation of the prostate and bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate.MethodsIn our randomized controlled trial, 120 patients were allocated into two equal groups representing holmium enucleation of the prostate and bipolar enucleation of the prostate. Operative parameters were recorded according to operative, enucleation and resection time in addition to the intraoperative complications. Patients were followed up at 1, 3 and 12 months postoperative to assess the prostate size, post‐voiding residual urine, International Prostate Symptom Score, peak urine flow rate and quality of life, and compared with the preoperative parameters. Cost analysis was evaluated for both procedures.ResultsWe evaluated 107 patients who finished our follow up and their data were analyzed. The prostate size was 135.2 ± 34.8 mL and 125 ± 26.9 mL for holmium enucleation of the prostate and bipolar enucleation of the prostate, respectively. Holmium enucleation of the prostate was associated with a shorter operative time of 83.43 ± 6.92 min compared with 94.7 ± 12.2 min in bipolar enucleation of the prostate groups. Holmium enucleation of the prostate was associated with an earlier catheter removal time and shorter hospital stay compared with bipolar enucleation of the prostate. Postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, post‐voiding residual urine, peak urine flow rate, prostate‐specific antigen and prostate volume reduction were comparable between both groups, and they both showed statistically significant improvement compared with their preoperative parameters. In the cost analysis, holmium enucleation of the prostate was more cost‐effective than bipolar enucleation of the prostate.ConclusionBoth holmium enucleation of the prostate and bipolar enucleation of the prostate are safe and effective in the surgical management of large prostatic adenomas. Holmium enucleation of the prostate has a shorter operative time and hospital stay with earlier catheter removal time, and is more cost‐effective than bipolar enucleation of the prostate.
Regionalismo social y derecho transnacional del trabajo
Authors: BLACKETT Adelle 
Published: December 2020

ResumenTras una introducción histórica al regionalismo social como respuesta pragmática y de principios ante la ruptura del pacto del liberalismo integrado y ante un orden económico internacional concebido para impedir el gobierno de lo social en lo económico a escala transnacional, la autora analiza el informe del primer grupo arbitral establecido en virtud del capítulo sobre trabajo del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la República Dominicana, Centroamérica y los Estados Unidos (CAFTA‐DR), ilustrando la necesidad de adoptar el enfoque del regionalismo social para centrar la interpretación de los tratados comerciales en objetivos compartidos y promover en el marco de los mismos mecanismos redistributivos y de solidaridad internacional.
Established and emergent roles for Ikaros transcription factors in lymphoid cell development and function
Authors: Read Kaitlin A. , Jones Devin M. , Freud Aharon G. , Oestreich Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIkaros zinc finger transcription factors are important regulators of the gene programs underlying the development of hematopoietic cell lineages. The family consists of five members: Ikaros, Helios, Aiolos, Eos, and Pegasus, which engage in both homo‐ and heterotypic intrafamilial interactions to exert diverse functional effects. Pioneering studies focused on the role of these factors in early lymphoid development, as their absence resulted in severe defects in lymphocyte populations. More recent work has now begun to define nuanced, stage‐specific roles for Ikaros family members in the differentiation and function of mature T, B, and innate lymphoid cell populations including natural killer (NK) cells. The precise transcriptional mechanisms by which these factors function, both independently and collaboratively, is an area of active investigation. However, several key themes appear to be emerging regarding the pathways influenced by Ikaros family members, including the end‐to‐end regulation of cytokine signaling. Here, we review roles for Ikaros factors in lymphoid cell development, differentiation, and function, including a discussion of the current understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms they employ and considerations for the future study of this important transcription factor family.
A longitudinal study of the differential social‐cognitive foundations of early prosocial behaviors
Authors: Stout Wyntre , Karahuta Erin , Laible Deborah , Brandone Amanda C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA growing body of work has documented the emergence of instrumental helping and sharing in the second year of life; however, less is known about mechanisms that underlie development and production of prosocial behavior. The current study took a longitudinal approach to explore whether the origins of prosocial behaviors can be traced back to foundational social‐cognitive capacities emerging in infancy. In a sample of 90 children, longitudinal relations were examined between intention understanding and joint attention measured in infancy (8–12 months) and later instrumental helping and sharing behavior assessed in the toddler years (18–25 months). We expected social‐cognitive capacities supporting infants’ understanding of others to be positively related to their prosocial behaviors as toddlers. Measured variable path analyses revealed two distinct developmental pathways from infant social cognition to later prosocial behavior: 1) Instrumental helping in the toddler years was positively predicted by intention understanding in infancy; 2) sharing in the toddler years was positively predicted by infants’ initiating joint attention. These results lend support to proposals on the multidimensional nature of early prosocial behavior and offer the first longitudinal evidence that the origins of toddlers' prosocial behavior can be traced to social‐cognitive capacities emerging in infancy.
Unionisation and mobilisation within platform work: towards precarisation—a case of Uber drivers in Poland
Authors: Polkowska Dominika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere are several barriers to the unionisation of platform workers. Based on in‐depth interviews with Uber drivers and trade unionists from Poland, it turns out that these barriers are related to the temporary nature of their work and the specific tripartite relationship within the framework of Polish platform work (driver, fleet partner and Uber). However, what is unique in this context is the ‘mutual invisibility’ of Uber drivers and trade unions, which intensifies the normalisation of precariousness of drivers' work.
Eyes wide open: The role of situational information security awareness for security‐related behaviour
Authors: Jaeger Lennart , Eckhardt Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMost contemporary studies on information security focus on largely static phenomena in examining security‐related behaviours. We take a more dynamic, situational and interactionist approach that proposes that security‐related behaviours result from an interaction between the person and the perception of a threatening situation. We derive and define situational information security awareness based on situation awareness literature, and examine how individual‐level (innate traits, experience) and system‐level factors (design variations, warning signal) influence awareness, and how it influences subsequent threat and coping appraisals, and ultimately security‐related behaviours in a multi‐method phishing experiment including eye tracking and survey components with 107 employees. The results underscore the importance of situational information security awareness and show that past experience with phishing and a security warning increase awareness, while phishing emails' contextual relevance and misplaced salience decrease awareness. Situational information security awareness, in turn, increases perceived threat and perceived coping efficacy and, ultimately, actual behavioural responses to phishing attacks.
Long noncoding RNA ATB promotes ovarian cancer tumorigenesis by mediating histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation through binding to EZH2
Authors: Chen Xue‐Juan , An Na 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies. The unfavourable prognosis is mainly due to the lack of early‐stage diagnosis, drug resistance and recurrence. Therefore, it needs to investigate the mechanism of OC tumorigenesis and identify effective biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis. It is reported that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles during the tumorigenesis of OC. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the role and clinical significance of LncRNAs ATB (lnc‐ATB) in the development and progression of OC. In our research, lnc‐ATB expression in OC tissues was elevated compared with adjacent normal tissues and high expression of lnc‐ATB was associated with poor outcomes of OC patients. The silencing of lnc‐ATB blocked cell proliferation, invasion and migration in SKOV3 and A2780 cells. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‐down results showed that lnc‐ATB positively regulated the expression of EZH2 via directly interacting with EZH2. Besides, the overexpression of EZH2 partly rescued lnc‐ATB silencing‐inducing inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay results demonstrated that the silencing of lnc‐ATB reduced the occupancy of caudal‐related homeobox protein 1, Forkhead box C1, Large tumour suppressor kinase 2, cadherin‐1 and disabled homolog 2 interacting protein promoters on EZH2 and H3K27me3. These data revealed the oncogenic of lnc‐ATB and provided a novel biomarker for OC diagnosis. Furthermore, these findings indicated the mechanism of lnc‐ATB functioning in the progression of OC, which provided a new target for OC therapy.
Salvianolate ameliorates oxidative stress and podocyte injury through modulation of NOX4 activity in db/db mice
Authors: Liang Yiran , Liu Hong , Fang Yi , Lin Pan , Lu Zhihui , Zhang Pan , Jiao Xiaoyan , Teng Jie , Ding Xiaoqiang , Dai Yan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPodocyte injury is associated with albuminuria and the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney and NOX4 is up‐regulated in podocytes in response to high glucose. In the present study, the effects of Salvianolate on DN and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in diabetic db/db mice and human podocytes. We confirmed that the Salvianolate administration exhibited similar beneficial effects as the NOX1/NOX4 inhibitor GKT137831 treated diabetic mice, as reflected by attenuated albuminuria, reduced podocyte loss and mesangial matrix accumulation. We further observed that Salvianolate attenuated the increase of Nox4 protein, NOX4‐based NADPH oxidase activity and restored podocyte loss in the diabetic kidney. In human podocytes, NOX4 was predominantly localized to mitochondria and Sal B treatment blocked HG‐induced mitochondrial NOX4 derived superoxide generation and thereby ameliorating podocyte apoptosis, which can be abrogated by AMPK knockdown. Therefore, our results suggest that Sal B possesses the reno‐protective capabilities in part through AMPK‐mediated control of NOX4 expression. Taken together, our results identify that Salvianolate could prevent glucose‐induced oxidative podocyte injury through modulation of NOX4 activity in DN and have a novel therapeutic potential for DN.
Composite veneers: The direct–indirect technique revisited
Authors: Fahl Newton , Ritter André V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis article provides an update on the direct–indirect composite veneer technique.Clinical considerationsComposite veneers have long been used as a conservative and esthetic treatment option for anterior teeth. While they are generally performed using a direct technique, there has been renewed interest in the direct–indirect composite veneer technique because of its advantages and broad indications for restoration of tooth color and morphology. In the direct–indirect composite veneer technique, the selected composites are initially applied on the tooth using a layering approach, without any bonding agent, sculpted to a primary anatomic form with slight excess, and light‐cured. The partially polymerized veneer is then removed from the tooth, heat‐tempered, and finished to final anatomy and processed extra‐orally before being luted. Advantages of this technique include enhanced physical and mechanical properties afforded by the tempering process, unrivaled marginal adaptation, enhanced finishing and polishing, and the ability to try‐in the veneer before luting, enabling a shade verification and modulation process that is not possible with the direct technique. The direct–indirect approach also affords enhanced gingival health and patient comfort.ConclusionThis article reviews the direct–indirect composite veneer technique, and outlines critical steps and tips for clinical success.Clinical significanceThe direct–indirect technique for composite veneers combines advantages of the direct composite placement technique with those of the indirect veneer technique, including operator control, single‐visit fabrication and delivery, increased material properties, and excellent esthetics.
Valid oxygen uptake measurements: using high r2 values with good intentions can bias upward the determination of standard metabolic rate
Authors: Chabot Denis , Zhang Yangfan , Farrell Anthony P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis analysis shows good intentions in the selection of valid and precise oxygen uptake (O2) measurements by retaining only slopes of declining dissolved oxygen level in a respirometer that have very high values of the coefficient of determination, r2, are not always successful at excluding nonlinear slopes. Much worse, by potentially removing linear slopes that have low r2 only because of a low signal‐to‐noise ratio, this procedure can overestimate the calculation of standard metabolic rate (SMR) of the fish. To remedy this possibility, a few simple diagnostic tools are demonstrated to assess the appropriateness of a given minimum acceptable r2, such as calculating the proportion of rejected O2 determinations, producing a histogram of the r2 values and a plot of r2 as a function of O2. The authors offer solutions for cases when many linear slopes have low r2. The least satisfactory but easiest to implement is lowering the minimum acceptable r2. More satisfactory solutions involve processing (smoothing) the raw signal of dissolved oxygen as a function of time to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio and the r2s.
Phaeohyphomycosis due to Veronaea botryosa in cultured white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson) from California USA during 2006 to 2015
Authors: Groff Joseph M. , Mok Mai Y. , Kubiski Steven V. , Michel Adam O. , Cortés‐Hinojosa Galaxia A. , Byrne Barbara A. , Wickes Brian L. , Scott Weber E. , Campbell Lori A , Waltzek Thomas B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInfection with Veronaea botryosa can result in rare cutaneous or disseminated, granulomatous to pyogranulomatous phaeohyphomycosis in humans, although disease due to the fungus has also been reported in non‐mammalian vertebrates. This report documents disease due to V. botryosa in captive, juvenile to subadult or young adult white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus Richardson) from California USA and complements a previous report of the disease in captive Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) from Florida USA. Pathological examinations revealed granulomatous to pyogranulomatous inflammation of multiple organs. Isolates of the fungal agent were phenotypically consistent with V. botryosa, and molecular analyses of the D1/D2 region of the fungal 28S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region located between the fungal 18S and 28S rRNA genes confirmed the aetiologic agent as V. botryosa. The disease in captive sturgeon results in a considerable economic encumbrance to the producer due to the loss of the cumulative financial resources invested in the production of older subadult to young adult sturgeon.
Client Experience with the Ontario Birth Center Demonstration Project
Authors: Reszel Jessica , Weiss Deborah , Darling Elizabeth K. , Sidney Dana , Van Wagner Vicki , Soderstrom Bobbi , Rogers Judy , Holmberg Vivian , Peterson Wendy E. , Khan Bushra M. , Walker Mark C. , Sprague Ann E. 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionIn 2014, 2 new freestanding midwifery‐led birth centers opened in Ontario, Canada. As one part of a larger mixed‐methods evaluation of the first year of operations of the centers, our primary objective was to compare the experiences of women receiving midwifery care who intended to give birth at the new birth centers with those intending to give birth at home or in hospital.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of women cared for by midwives with admitting privileges at one of the 2 birth centers. Consenting women received the survey 3 to 6 weeks after their due date. We stratified the analysis by intended place of birth at the beginning of labor, regardless of where the actual birth occurred. One composite indicator was created (Composite Satisfaction Score, out of 20), and statistical significance (P < .05) was assessed using one‐way analysis of variance. Responses to the open‐ended questions were reviewed and grouped into broader categories.ResultsIn total, 382 women completed the survey (response rate 54.6%). Half intended to give birth at a birth center (n = 191). There was a significant difference on the Composite Satisfaction Scores between the birth center (19.4), home (19.5), and hospital (18.9) groups (P < .001). Among women who intended to give birth in a birth center, scores were higher in the women admitted to the birth center compared with those who were not (P = .037). Overall, women giving birth at a birth center were satisfied with the learners present at their birth, the accessibility of the centers, and the physical amenities, and they had suggestions for minor improvements.DiscussionWe found positive experiences and high satisfaction among women receiving midwifery care, regardless of intended place of birth. Women admitted to the birth centers had positive experiences with these new centers; however, future research should be planned to reassess and further understand women's experiences.
Rapid vesicle replenishment after the immediately releasable pool exocytosis is tightly linked to fast endocytosis, and depends on basal calcium and cortical actin in chromaffin cells
Authors: Montenegro Mauricio , Bayonés Lucas , Moya‐Díaz José , Borassi Cecilia , Martín Toscani Andrés , Gallo Luciana I. , Marengo Fernando D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe maintenance of the secretory response requires a continuous replenishment of releasable vesicles. It was proposed that the immediately releasable pool (IRP) is important in chromaffin cell secretion during action potentials applied at basal physiological frequencies, because of the proximity of IRP vesicles to voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels. However, previous reports showed that IRP replenishment after depletion is too slow to manage such a situation. In this work, we used patch‐clamp measurements of membrane capacitance, confocal imaging of F‐actin distribution, and cytosolic Ca2+ measurements with Fura‐2 to re‐analyze this problem in primary cultures of mouse chromaffin cells. We provide evidence that IRP replenishment has one slow (time constant between 5 and 10 s) and one rapid component (time constant between 0.5 and 1.5 s) linked to a dynamin‐dependent fast endocytosis. Both, the fast endocytosis and the rapid replenishment component were eliminated when 500 nM Ca2+ was added to the internal solution during patch‐clamp experiments, but they became dominant and accelerated when the cytosolic Ca2+ buffer capacity was increased. In addition, both rapid replenishment and fast endocytosis were retarded when cortical F‐actin cytoskeleton was disrupted with cytochalasin D. Finally, in permeabilized chromaffin cells stained with rhodamine‐phalloidin, the cortical F‐actin density was reduced when the Ca2+ concentration was increased in a range of 10–1000 nM. We conclude that low cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, which favor cortical F‐actin stabilization, allow the activation of a fast endocytosis mechanism linked to a rapid replenishment component of IRP.
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DOES EDUCATION REALLY IMPROVE HEALTH? A META‐ANALYSIS
Authors: Xue Xindong , Cheng Mingmei , Zhang Wangyongxin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile numerous studies assess the relationship between education and health, no consensus has been reached on whether education really improves health. We perform a meta‐analysis of 4866 estimates gleaned from 99 published studies that examine the health effects of education. We find that the current literature suffers from moderate publication bias towards the positive effects of education on health. After correcting for publication bias with an array of sophisticated methods, we find that the overall effect size is practically zero, indicating that education generates no discernible benefits to health. The heterogeneity analysis by Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and Frequentist Model Averaging (FMA) reveals that the reported estimates can be largely explained by whether the econometric models control for endogeneity of education, the types of data and the differences in health measurements. Our results also suggest that education may not be an effective policy option for promoting population health.