bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the complexity in measuring student progression in European higher education
Authors: Carlhed Ydhag Carina 
Published: August 2020

This article aims to analyze student progression in European higher education (HE) using Sweden and UK as countries of reference. It presents and problematizes common ways to measure student progression (e.g., rates of dropout, completion, and retention), distinguishing between institutional departures or system departures, and the implications of the timing of the measurement, hence focusing on early and late leavers. The article also discusses general rates of student progression in different countries and the reasons for dropping out, revealing what lies behind the dropout statistics. Finally, the article also includes a critical questioning of the interests and intentions behind the data production. The article offers an orientation among the multiple definitions and measurements of student progression in HE. It deals with the value of measurements and alternative ways of measuring student progression, and with the implications for further studies on dropout and completion rates, which are politically contested issues.
Civic engagement and the resources of persistent students and the reasons of dropout in higher education
Authors: Pusztai Gabriella , Kovacs Klara , Markos Valeria , Demeter-Karaszi Zsuzsanna , Maior Enikő 
Published: August 2020

Background and aims
Even the richest statistical databases leave the reasons of student dropout from higher education largely obscure. It is the answers of the students who drop out that the panel examinations of the cohorts of students do not contain. The theoretical background to our research was provided by Coleman’s concept of social capital (1961), Tinto’s integrational and Astin’s involvement theory, as well as Pascarella and Terenzini’s institutional integration/embeddedness ideas (2005).

Methods
To find a solution to that problem, we devised a quantitative, questionnaire survey, based upon the qualitative examination of students who have dropped out (DEPART 2018; N = 591). For data gathering, the snowball method was used, and almost all academic fields are represented in the database. The primary objective of the research was revealing and identifying the factors preventing students from obtaining a degree, surveying the processes and decisions that resulted in their not being able to graduate. School career, educational experience, the attitude of the family to the student’s studies, job/career orientation, educational and social experience in higher education, competitive activities, and social–economical characteristics were the topics we examined. We collected the data of the students who have dropped out with the questionnaire (IESA 2015; N = 2017) and compared the information thus collected with the social and demographic characteristics, school career, and higher educational integration of persistent students. We also compared the data to the embeddedness of (the persistent) students in various voluntary organizations (civic, sport, and religious). For the examination of persistence, a 9-item, highly reliable scale [Cronbach, 883 (IESA)] has been used since 2012.

Results
The results suggest that the influence of institutional factors and that of the social network is more powerful than the individual characteristics. We found considerable differences between the intra- and extra-campus influences.

Discussion
Our findings highlight the necessity of providing empirical foundations for the institutional dropout prevention programs.
Antibacterial Activities of the Extracts of Sponge-Associated Fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Sedjati Sri , Ambariyanto Ambariyanto , Trianto Agus , Supriyantini Endang , Ridlo Ali , Bahry Muhammad Syaifudien , Wismayanti Gita , Radjasa Ocky Karna , McCauley Erin 
Published: August 2020

This study aims to explore the antibacterial potential of a sponge-associated fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolated from Ternate waters, North Maluku, Eastern Indonesia. Various culture media were used to stimulate the production of secondary metabolites in T. longibrachiatum. The isolate was cultured in various media for 6-9 days. Then, the antibacterial activities of the ethyl acetate extracts were assayed against pathogenic bacteria of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) strain (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus cereus). The results showed that all extracts had similar profiles on the thin layer chromatography. However, two of the most potent extracts were produced from the PCA and MEA media for 9 days. These extracts inhibited methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (12.48 mm and 12.27 mm); B. cereus (12.11 mm and 12.12 mm); K. pneumoniae (12.40 mm and 10.76 mm); and P. aeruginosa (11.59 mm and 8.69 mm) at concentrations 500 mg/disc. In conclusion, the fungus T. longibrachiatum that was cultured in PCA and MEA media had the potential to produce antibacterial compounds against MDR pathogens and both had similar compounds. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate extracts from fungus cultured in the TPA and TA media were inactive against all tested bacteria
The Effects of Carbon Monoxide Treatment on the Physical and Chemical Qualities of Tuna Steak during Iced Storage
Authors: Ariyani Farida , Kristiningrum Ellia , Barokah Giri Rohmad , Januar Hedi Indra 
Published: August 2020

Injection or modification of the atmosphere in the meat packaging by carbon monoxide (CO) has been known to retain the color stability of red meat including those of tuna. The red color in tuna meat has been commonly used as a freshness indicator by consumers, especially those for raw consumption. However, other information on the freshness level in fish, in addition to color, is also important to assess in the food safety of marine and fisheries products. This study aims to evaluate the effects of CO on the chemical and physical properties of tuna steak during storage on ice. This study was conducted using bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) as the raw material. The tuna was cut into loins to form steaks and divided into two groups, one group without CO injection or control, and another group was injected with CO. Both CO-treated tuna steak and control were preserved in a cool-box filled with ice for 14 days. The observation was conducted every two days by determining color (chromameter method), sensory preference (hedonic method), and several chemical parameters, including total volatile base (TVB), K value, and histamine content that related to the spoilage process. Results showed that after 14 days of preservation in iced storage, the reddish color of CO-treated tuna steak was retained, whereas that of control turned brown. In the sensory tests, the panelists preferred the CO-treated tuna steak to control due to its reddish color. There were no significant differences between the content of TVB accumulation and the K value in CO-treated tuna steak and the control. Furthermore, the K value of CO-treated tuna steak and control reached the rejected level on day 14. The difference between CO-treated tuna steak and control was based on the content of histamine, where that of control was significantly higher than tuna steak treated with CO. Therefore, this research showed that the effects of CO treatment were only on the appearance of the steak; meanwhile, the deterioration process in fish is generally unaffected. Precautions are thus needed for consumers, since color may not be the only factor that indicates the freshness of tuna steak.
Use of Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Critically Ill Patients with ESKD
Authors: Danziger John , Ángel Armengol de la Hoz Miguel , Celi Leo Anthony , Cohen Robert A. , Mukamal Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2020

Significance Statement
Despite having high rates of comorbid illnesses and significantly shortened life expectancy, patients with ESKD may be unrealistically optimistic about their own prognoses. In their study of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders upon admission to intensive care in a large sample of critically ill patients from hospitals across the United States, the authors observed more frequent DNR orders among patients with diseases of other major organs compared with patients without major organ disease. However, despite overall higher rates of comorbidity and hospital mortality in patients with ESKD, they found no such difference in the use of DNR orders between patients with and without ESKD. The lower use of DNR orders in this highly comorbid group might reflect a missed opportunity to avoid overmedicalization and unnecessary patient suffering at the end of life.

Background
Despite having high comorbidity rates and shortened life expectancy, patients with ESKD may harbor unrealistically optimistic expectations about their prognoses. Whether this affects resuscitation orders is unknown.

Methods
To determine whether do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders differ among patients with ESKD compared with other critically ill patients, including those with diseases of other major organs, we investigated DNR orders on admission to intensive care units (ICUs) among 106,873 patients in the United States.

Results
Major organ disease uniformly associated with increased risk of hospital mortality, particularly for cirrhosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.67; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.30 to 3.08), and ESKD (aOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.65). Compared with critically ill patients without major organ disease, patients with stroke, cancer, heart failure, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cirrhosis were statistically more likely to have a DNR order on ICU admission; those with ESKD were not. Findings were similar when comparing patients with a single organ disease with those without organ disease. The disconnect between prognosis and DNR use was most notable among Black patients, for whom ESKD (compared with no major organ disease) was associated with a 62% (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.27 to 2.04) higher odds of hospital mortality, but no appreciable difference in DNR utilization (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.62).

Conclusions
Unlike patients with diseases of other major organs, critically ill patients with ESKD were not more likely to have a DNR order than patients without ESKD. Whether this reflects a greater lack of advance care planning in the nephrology community, as well as a missed opportunity to minimize potentially needless patient suffering, requires further study.
O acesso de indivíduos após-acidente vascular encefálico aos serviços de fisioterapia: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Sampaio Itália Castro , Machado Tácia 
Published: August 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) pode causar dependência nas atividades de vida diária dos indivíduos e, para minimizar esses danos, é fundamental que o acesso aos serviços de reabilitação seja imediato e ininterrupto. OBJETIVO: Investigar o acesso à reabilitação fisioterapêutica de indivíduos após o AVE. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, na qual foi realizada uma busca on-line nas bases de dados Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs, PEDro, Cochrane e Scopus De forma complementar, foram realizadas buscas secundárias nas listas de referências dos estudos analisados. A pesquisa restringiu artigos publicados entre os anos de 2009 a 2019, escritos nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, com descritores específicos. No total foram identificados 129 artigos, dos quais 7 foram selecionados para análise nesta revisão após aplicar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. RESULTADOS: Com base no que foi revelado pela pesquisa, mais da metade dos indivíduos entrevistados não foram encaminhados aos serviços de fisioterapia, sendo que as principais barreiras relatadas foram a dificuldade de acesso físico-financeiro aos serviços e de dar continuidade ao tratamento. Outro dado de destaque é o pequeno percentual de usuários com problemas neurológicos identificados na rede de fisioterapia ambulatorial. CONCLUSÃO: De maneira geral, o acesso a reabilitação fisioterapêutica foi classificado como insuficiente na maioria dos estudos analisados. É nessa perspectiva que se percebe a importância da reorganização dos serviços de saúde, ressaltando a necessidade da inserção do profissional Fisioterapeuta nas Equipes de Saúde da Família.
Occurrence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism among chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Jha Dilip Kumar , Minj Gregory , Prasad Umesh , Lahre Yuvraj , Bodra Diljeet 
Published: August 2020

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the vital health problems worldwide leading to increased global morbidity and mortality. Thyroid dysfunction including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and non-thyroidal illness has been reported in CKD patients. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism among chronic kidney disease patients. This study also tried to correlate thyroid function abnormalities with severity of renal failure.Method: In this observational and cross sectional study, 100 patients of CKD who were admitted in Department of Medicine, Rajendra institute of medical sciences, Ranchi were studied for thyroid function abnormalities. Result: This study found that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is positively correlated with serum T3 and T4 level (i.e. with decreasing renal function both T3 and T4 levels decreased). Serum creatinine levels were negatively correlated with serum T3 and T4 level.Conclusions: From this study it was established that CKD is associated with thyroid dysfunction characterized by low serum fT3 and fT4 with high TSH in some cases.
Health and nutritional status of school children from a rural area of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: G. Nanditha , Iyer Chandrakala R. , A. Chandrashekar M. , Kancherla Poojitha , Golluri Raghuveer , . Janakiraman 
Published: August 2020

Background: Healthy children build a wealthy nation. Good health of children is of paramount importance to the nation’s growth. Health and nutritional status of school children is highly variable from one region to another due to different environmental, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Hence health status of school children from each area should be assessed periodically so that relevant health programmes can be applied to prevent common morbidities such as malnutrition, infections and infestations. Methods: A cross sectional study of 500 rural school children from 5 to 15 years was conducted to assess the nutritional status by anthropometry and health status by clinical examination.Results: Out of the 500 school children 46.8% girls, 71.4% were 5 to 10 years old, 70.2% studying in 1st to 5th class. 33.4% were stunted. 25.6% and 27% were underweight according to weight and Body mass index criteria respectively. Common health problems among school children in this study were anemia (31%), dental caries (27.2%), upper respiratory infections (13.4%), skin infections and scabies (12.6%), head lice infestation (6.8%), refractive errors (6%) and ear discharge (5.2%).Conclusions: Though the pattern of nutritional and health problems were same in different studies, the severity of them varied from region to region. Hence periodic screening of school children to identify them and to apply relevant health programmes goes a long way in reducing such morbidities.
Study of electrolyte disturbances and renal parameters in acute gastroenteritis under 5 years of age in a tertiary care hospital of Bengaluru, India
Authors: Shankar Poornima , Mahamud Shajna , C. A. Anjum Aara 
Published: August 2020

Background: Diarrhoea still continues to be a major cause of hospitalization and death in under fives. Electrolyte disturbances play an important role in the associated morbidity and mortality. Acute renal failure is one of the important complications of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children. Early intervention and proper fluid replacement may lessen this risk. This study was designed to find out the incidence of acute gastroenteritis and the status of associated electrolyte derangements and renal involvement.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at KIMS, Bengaluru in which 117 children from the age of 1 month to 5 years with acute diarrhea were included based on a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic profile of the patients, details of diarrhea, clinical examination and accompanying degree of dehydration (defined as per WHO criteria) were recorded. Serum electrolytes along with renal parameters were investigated.Results: Total 117 children with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled in the study as per the inclusion criteria which constituted 5% of total paediatric admissions. Children aged 1-12 months had the highest incidence of diarrhea (50%). Male to female ratio is 1.3:1. 65% had some dehydration, 19% no dehydration and 16% had severe dehydration. Isonatremia was seen in 58% followed by hyponatremia in 35% and hypernatremia in only 7%. 83% had isokalemia, hypokalemia in 12%, hyperkalemia in 5%. Levels of serum sodium and potassium decreased with the severity of dehydration. Serum urea and creatinine were significantly high in severe dehydration (p value 0.001). Out of 28 children who were given diluted ORS before admission, majority had hyponatremia (39%) and all of them who received concentrated ORS had hypernatremia.Conclusions: Hyponatremic dehydration is the second most common type of dehydration next to isonatremic dehydration, but it is more common in children who took diluted ORS. Increased awareness regarding ORS preparation may help in preventing electrolyte imbalance in AGE. The levels of serum sodium and potassium decreased and urea and creatinine increased with severity of dehydration. Measurements of serum electrolytes and renal parameters early can help to predict the complications due to AGE and may help in the prevention of diarrhea related complications in children.
Microalbuminuria can predict the development of acute kidney injury in intensive care unit admission
Authors: G. Bharath , Kumar Prasanna , V. Mahendra S. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Microalbuminuria, defined as 30–300 mg/day of albumin excretion in urine is a common finding in ICU patients and has shown not only as a predictor of organ failure but prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Objective of the study was to determine the prediction of acute kidney injury using urine microalbuminuria and to determine the presence of urine microalbuminuria and relationship between ICU length of stay.Methods: The present study is conducted on patients admitted to Medical ICU in SDMCMSH, Dharwad from December 2016 to November 2017. 75 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study.Results: The present study included 75 patients, among which 50 were males and 25 were females. The mean age was 60.2years. AKI was developed more in non-diabetics than diabetics and non-hypertensives than hypertensives. The median urine microalbumin at admission in AKI was 80.9 and at 48 hr was130.1 predicted the AKI mean (1.79) in 59 patients with a p value of <0.001 using Mann Whitney test and P value statistically significant.Conclusions: Urine microalbuminuria at 48 hr has predicted AKI in 59 patients with median of 130.1 with statistical significance. Urine microalbuminuria of high value in AKI is directly proportional to prolonged ICU stay. At 48 hours of admission, increased levels of microalbuminuria compared at admission and 48 hour, indicates its prognostic significance among AKI and NON-AKI’s in ICU patients.
Assessment of clinical and hematological profile in dengue fever
Authors: Patel Mehul K. , Patel Hitesh J. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Dengue is one of the most important viral diseases especially in the tropical regions. According to the WHO almost 50 million people get dengue infection annually and WHO estimates almost half of the world’s population lives in countries having endemicity for dengue infection. This study is an attempt to elucidate the positive laboratory profile of serologically diagnosed dengue patients so as to facilitate early diagnosis, treatment, management and vector control measures, to reduce the morbidity and mortality because of this disease.Methods: This study was conducted on 80 indoor patients. Patients presenting to the emergency department, outpatient department (OPD) or pediatric OPD with complaints of fever and clinical features of dengue with positive NS1 antigen test or dengue antibody serology IgM or IgG or both were included in the study. Hemogram was done on automated cell counter analyzer (Sysmex XP 100) which included hemoglobin, hematocrit, total leucocyte count (TLC), differential leucocyte count (DLC) and platelets count.Results: Raised hematocrit (>47%) was noted in 10 (16.6%) of patients at presentation and the hematocrit ranged from 20- 51%. The total leukocyte count ranged from 1500 cells/cumm to >11000 cells/cumm. Leucopenia with less than 4000 cells/cumm was present in 25 % cases. In the present study out of 80 cases of dengue fever, 85% cases had thrombocytopenia and 15% cases had severe thrombocytopenia (< 20,000/cumm) with bleeding manifestations.Conclusions: Hemoconcentration, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and raised liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT along with reactive/ plasmacytoid lymphocytes on peripheral smear gives enough clues to test for dengue serology so that dengue cases can be diagnosed in their initial stages.
Demographic profile of ear nose throat and head neck patients undergoing shortwave diathermy in a tertiary care centre of Punjab: a five-year study
Authors: Munjal Manish , Teotia Avkash , Kaur Jatinder , Rishi Porshia , Sidhu Harjinder , Munjal Shubham , Verma Hitesh 
Published: August 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Short wave diathermy is a panacea in many otorhinolaryngology and head neck pathologies where either conservative therapeutic modality or surgical intervention has been undertaken. The profile of subjects who underwent short wave diathermy in a period of 5 year is discussed.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>490 subjects undergoing short wave diathermy in the otorhinolaryngology and physiotherapy services of a tertiary care centre of Punjab were analyzed during a period of five years. The subjects were studied for their demographic profile.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>Maximum patients 42.24% (207 patients) who underwent shortwave diathermy were in the middle age group (21-60 years). Females 62.04% (304 patients) outnumbered the males 37.95% (186 patients). Maximum sittings of male patients were 54 (13.91%) and for females were 47 (12.11%) during the period 2015-2016.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Short wave diathermy is an effective pain therapy for inflammations of ear, nose neck and the maxillofacial region. </p>