bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SO2 and HCHO over the major cities of Kazakhstan from 2005 to 2016: influence of political, economic and industrial changes
Authors: Darynova Zhuldyz , Amouei Torkmahalleh Mehdi , Abdrakhmanov Talgat , Sabyrzhan Serik , Sagynov Sultan , Hopke Philip K. , Kushta Jonilda 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSatellite observations of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) for tropospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) column mass densities (CMD) are analyzed for the period 2005–2016 over the atmosphere of Kazakhstan. Regarding SO2 the major hot spots relate to regions with high population and large industrial facilities. Such an example is the city of Ekibastuz that hosts the biggest thermal power plants in the country and exhibits the higher SO2 CMD at national level. The annual average CMD in Ekibastuz reaches 2.5 × 10−5 kg/m2, whereas for the rest of the country respective values are 6 times lower. Other hotspots, mostly urban conglomerates such as Almaty and Nur-Sultan, experience high CMDs of SO2 in particular years, such as 2008. One of the main reasons for this behavior is the financial crisis of 2008, forcing the application of alternate heating sources based on cheap low-quality coal. Regarding HCHO, an oxygenated Volatile Organic Compound (VOC), the main hot spot is noticed over the city Atyrau, the oil capital of the country where two massive oil fields are located. The highest HCHO CMD (9 × 1015 molecules/cm2) appears in the summertime due to secondary production as a result of the photo-oxidation of VOCs emitted by industrial sectors, oil refinery plants and vehicles. Strongly elevated HCHO amounts are also observed in Nur-Sultan in 2012 that could be due to the residential coal combustion and vehicle exhaust under poor winter dispersion conditions. Significant reductions in HCHO observed between 2012 and 2015 can be attributed to two significant measures implemented in the country in 2013 that aimed at the improvement of air quality: the introduction of the emission trading system (ETS) for greenhouse gases and Euro-4 standards for new vehicles entering the national vehicle fleet.
Photoelectrochemical and crystalline properties of a GaN photoelectrode loaded with α-Fe2O3 as cocatalyst
Authors: Velazquez-Rizo Martin , Iida Daisuke , Ohkawa Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNitrides are of particular interest in energy applications given their suitability to photocatalytically generate H2 from aqueous solutions. However, one of the drawbacks of nitrides is the decomposition they suffer when used in photoelectrochemical cells. Here, we report the improvement of the catalytic performance and chemical stability of a GaN electrode when it is decorated with Fe2O3 particles compared with an undecorated electrode. Our results show a higher reaction rate in the Fe2O3/GaN electrode, and that photocorrosion marks take more than 20 times longer to appear on it. We also characterized the crystalline properties of the Fe2O3 particles with transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the Fe2O3 particles keep an epitaxial relationship with GaN that follows the Fe2O3$$\{{0003}\}||$${0003}||GaN$$\{{0001}\}$${0001} and Fe2O3$$[{11{\bar{ 2}}0}]||$$[112¯0]||GaN$$[{1{\bar{ 1}}00}]$$[11¯00] symmetry constraints. We also characterized an Fe2O3 (thin film)/GaN electrode, however it did not present any catalytic improvement compared with a bare GaN electrode. The epitaxial relationship found between the Fe2O3 thin film and GaN exhibited the Fe2O3$$\{{11{\bar{ 2}}0}\}||$${112¯0}||GaN$$\{{0002}\}$${0002} and Fe2O3$$[ {3{\bar{ 3}}00} ]||$$[33¯00]||GaN$$[{11{\bar{ 2}}0}]$$[112¯0] symmetry constraints.
Physiological impact and comparison of mutant screening methods in piwil2 KO founder Nile tilapia produced by CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Jin Ye Hwa , Liao Baoshan , Migaud Herve , Davie Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe application of genome engineering techniques to understand the mechanisms that regulate germ cell development opens promising new avenues to develop methods to control sexual maturation and mitigate associated detrimental effects in fish. In this study, the functional role of piwil2 in primordial germ cells (PGCs) was investigated in Nile tilapia using CRISPR/Cas9 and the resultant genotypes were further explored. piwil2 is a gonad-specific and maternally deposited gene in Nile tilapia eggs which is known to play a role in repression of transposon elements and is therefore thought to be important for maintaining germline cell fate. A functional domain of piwil2, PIWI domain, was targeted by injecting Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs into Nile tilapia embryos at 1 cell stage. Results showed 54% of injected mutant larvae had no or less putative PGCs compared to control fish, suggesting an essential role of piwil2 in survival of PGCs. The genotypic features of the different phenotypic groups were explored by next generation sequencing (NGS) and other mutant screening methods including T7 endonuclease 1 (T7E1), CRISPR/Cas-derived RNA-guided engineered nuclease (RGEN), high resolution melt curve analysis (HRMA) and fragment analysis. Linking phenotypes to genotypes in F0 was hindered by the complex mosacism and wide indel spectrum revealed by NGS and fragment analysis. This study strongly suggests the functional importance of piwil2 in PGCs survival. Further studies should focus on reducing mosaicism when using CRISPR/Cas9 system to facilitate direct functional analysis in F0.
Evaluation of PCR conditions for characterizing bacterial communities with full-length 16S rRNA genes using a portable nanopore sequencer
Authors: Fujiyoshi So , Muto-Fujita Ai , Maruyama Fumito 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies), a portable nanopore sequencer, was introduced in 2014 as a new DNA sequencing technology. MinION is now widely used because of its low initial start-up costs relative to existing DNA sequencers, good portability, easy-handling, real-time analysis and long-read output. However, differences in the experimental conditions used for 16S rRNA-based PCR can bias bacterial community assessments in samples. Therefore, basic knowledge about reliable experimental conditions is needed to ensure the appropriate use of this technology. Our study concerns the reliability of techniques for obtaining accurate and quantitative full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data for bacterial community structure assessment using MinION. We compared five PCR conditions using three independent mock microbial community standard DNAs and established appropriate, standardized, better PCR conditions among the trials. We then sequenced two mock communities and six environmental samples using Illumina MiSeq for comparison. Modifying the PCR conditions improved the sequencing quality; the optimized conditions were 35 cycles of 95 °C for 1 min, 60 °C for 1 min and 68 °C for 3 min. Our results provide important information for researchers to determine bacterial community using MinION accurately.
Early Pleistocene origin and extensive intra-species diversity of the extinct cave lion
Authors: Stanton David W. G. , Alberti Federica , Plotnikov Valery , Androsov Semyon , Grigoriev Semyon , Fedorov Sergey , Kosintsev Pavel , Nagel Doris , Vartanyan Sergey , Barnes Ian , Barnett Ross , Ersmark Erik , Döppes Doris , Germonpré Mietje , Hofreiter Michael , Rosendahl Wilfried , Skoglund Pontus , Dalén Love 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe cave lion is an extinct felid that was widespread across the Holarctic throughout the Late Pleistocene. Its closest extant relative is the lion (Panthera leo), but the timing of the divergence between these two taxa, as well as their taxonomic ranking are contentious. In this study we analyse 31 mitochondrial genome sequences from cave lion individuals that, through a combination of 14C and genetic tip dating, are estimated to be from dates extending well into the mid-Pleistocene. We identified two deeply diverged and well-supported reciprocally monophyletic mitogenome clades in the cave lion, and an additional third distinct lineage represented by a single individual. One of these clades was restricted to Beringia while the other was prevalent across western Eurasia. These observed clade distributions are in line with previous observations that Beringian and European cave lions were morphologically distinct. The divergence dates for these lineages are estimated to be far older than those between extant lions subspecies. By combining our radiocarbon tip-dates with a split time prior that takes into account the most up-to-date fossil stem calibrations, we estimated the mitochondrial DNA divergence between cave lions and lions to be 1.85 Million ya (95% 0.52– 2.91 Mya). Taken together, these results support previous hypotheses that cave lions existed as at least two subspecies during the Pleistocene, and that lions and cave lions were distinct species.
Coccolithophore community response to ocean acidification and warming in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea: results from a mesocosm experiment
Authors: D’Amario Barbara , Pérez Carlos , Grelaud Michaël , Pitta Paraskevi , Krasakopoulou Evangelia , Ziveri Patrizia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMesocosm experiments have been fundamental to investigate the effects of elevated CO2and ocean acidification (OA) on planktic communities. However, few of these experiments have been conducted using naturally nutrient-limited waters and/or considering the combined effects of OA and ocean warming (OW). Coccolithophores are a group of calcifying phytoplankton that can reach high abundances in the Mediterranean Sea, and whose responses to OA are modulated by temperature and nutrients. We present the results of the first land-based mesocosm experiment testing the effects of combined OA and OW on an oligotrophic Eastern Mediterranean coccolithophore community. Coccolithophore cell abundance drastically decreased under OW and combined OA and OW (greenhouse, GH) conditions.Emiliania huxleyicalcite mass decreased consistently only in the GH treatment; moreover, anomalous calcifications (i.e. coccolith malformations) were particularly common in the perturbed treatments, especially under OA. Overall, these data suggest that the projected increase in sea surface temperatures, including marine heatwaves, will cause rapid changes in Eastern Mediterranean coccolithophore communities, and that these effects will be exacerbated by OA.
Properties enhancement of carboxymethyl cellulose with thermo-responsive polymer as solid polymer electrolyte for zinc ion battery
Authors: Dueramae Isala , Okhawilai Manunya , Kasemsiri Pornnapa , Uyama Hiroshi , Kita Rio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA novel polymer host from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM) was developed for a high safety solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) in a zinc ion battery. Effects of the PNiPAM loading level in the range of 0–40% by weight ( wt%) on the chemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the CMC/PNiPAMx films (where x is the wt% of PNiPAM) were symmetrically investigated. The obtained CMC/PNiPAMx films showed a high compatibility between the polymers. The CMC/PNiPAM20 blend showed the greatest tensile strength and modulus at 37.9 MPa and 2.1 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the thermal degradation of CMC was retarded by the addition of PNiPAM. Scanning electron microscopy images of CMC/PNiPAM20 revealed a porous structure that likely supported Zn2+ movement in the SPEs containing zinc triflate, resulting in the high Zn2+ ion transference number (0.56) and ionic conductivity (1.68 × 10–4 S cm−1). Interestingly, the presence of PNiPAM in the CMC/PNiPAMx blends showed a greater stability during charge–discharge cyclic tests, indicating the ability of PNiPAM to suppress dendrite formation from causing a short circuit. The developed CMC/PNiPAM20 based SPE is a promising material for high ionic conductivity and stability in a Zn ion battery.
Evolutionary trends of the conserved neurocranium shape in angel sharks (Squatiniformes, Elasmobranchii)
Authors: López-Romero Faviel A. , Stumpf Sebastian , Pfaff Cathrin , Marramà Giuseppe , Johanson Zerina , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElasmobranchii (i.e., sharks, skates, and rays) forms one of the most diverse groups of marine predators. With a fossil record extending back into the Devonian, several modifications in their body plan illustrate their body shape diversity through time. The angel sharks, whose fossil record dates back to the Late Jurassic, some 160 Ma, have a dorsoventrally flattened body, similar to skates and rays. Fossil skeletons of this group show that the overall morphology was well established earlier in its history. By examining the skull shape of well-preserved fossil material compared to extant angel sharks using geometric morphometric methods, within a phylogenetic framework, we were able to determine the conservative skull shape among angel sharks with a high degree of integration. The morphospace occupation of extant angel sharks is rather restricted, with extensive overlap. Most of the differences in skull shape are related to their geographic distribution patterns. We found higher levels of disparity in extinct forms, but lower ones in extant species. Since angel sharks display a highly specialized prey capture behaviour, we suggest that the morphological integration and biogeographic processes are the main drivers of their diversity, which might limit their capacity to display higher disparities since their origin.
Fourfold daily growth rate in multicellular marine alga Ulva meridionalis
Authors: Hiraoka Masanori , Kinoshita Yutaro , Higa Motoki , Tsubaki Shuntaro , Monotilla Alvin P. , Onda Ayumu , Dan Akinori 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicroalgae with high growth rates have been considered as promising organisms to replace fossil resources with contemporary primary production as a renewable source. However, their microscopic size makes it hard to be harvested for industrial applications. In this regard, multicellular macroalgae are more suitable for harvesting. Here, we show that Ulva meridionalis has the highest growth rate ever reported for a multicellular autotrophic plant. Contrasted to the known bloom-forming species U. prolifera growing at an approximately two-fold growth rate per day in optimum conditions, U. meridionalis grows at a daily rate of over fourfold. The high growth ability of this multicellular alga would provide the most effective method for CO2 fixation and biomass production.
Cigarette smoke induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppresses efferocytosis through the activation of RhoA
Authors: Ito Hiroyuki , Yamashita Yoshiro , Tanaka Takeshi , Takaki Masahiro , Le Minh Nhat , Yoshida Lay-Myint , Morimoto Konosuke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImpaired efferocytosis is a key mechanism of inflammatory lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Cigarette smoking activates RhoA and impairs efferocytosis in alveolar macrophages, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. We investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by cigarette smoking in the disruption of efferocytosis. Both tunicamycin (10 μg/ml) and thapsigargin (0.1 and 1 μM), which are ER stress inducers, suppressed efferocytosis in J774 cells, and a Rho-associated coiled-coil-forming kinase (ROCK) inhibitor (Y27632) reversed this effect. We validated the effect of tunicamycin on efferocytosis in experiments using RAW264.7 cells. Then, we investigated the role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in efferocytosis impaired by ER stress. A PERK inhibitor (GSK2606414) restored the efferocytosis that had been impaired by TM, and an eIF2α dephosphorylation inhibitor (salubrinal) suppressed efferocytosis. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced ER stress in J774 macrophages and RhoA activation in J774 cells, and the CSE-induced ROCK activity was successfully reversed by GSK2606414 and tauroursodeoxycholic acid. Finally, we confirmed that ER stress suppresses efferocytosis in murine alveolar macrophages and that GSK2606414 could rescue this process. These data suggest that cigarette smoke-induced ER stress and the UPR play crucial roles in RhoA activation and suppression of efferocytosis in the lung.
Diethylcarbamazine activates TRP channels including TRP-2 in filaria, Brugia malayi
Authors: Verma Saurabh , Kashyap Sudhanva S. , Robertson Alan P. , Martin Richard J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiethylcarbamazine is an important classic drug used for prevention and treatment of lymphatic filariasis and loiasis, diseases caused by filarial nematodes. Despite many studies, its site of action has not been established. Until now, the consensus has been that diethylcarbamazine works by activating host immune systems, not by a direct action on the parasites. Here we show that low concentrations of diethylcarbamazine have direct and rapid (<30 s) temporary spastic paralyzing effects on the parasites that lasts around 4 h, which is produced by diethylcarbamazine opening TRP channels in muscle of Brugia malayi involving TRP-2 (TRPC-like channel subunits). GON-2 and CED-11, TRPM-like channel subunits, also contributed to diethylcarbamazine responses. Opening of these TRP channels produces contraction and subsequent activation of calcium-dependent SLO-1K channels. Recovery from the temporary paralysis is consistent with inactivation of TRP channels. Our observations elucidate mechanisms for the rapid onset and short-lasting therapeutic actions of diethylcarbamazine.
RNA-binding protein CELF1 enhances cell migration, invasion, and chemoresistance by targeting ETS2 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Huaiming , Huang Rongkang , Guo Wentai , Qin Xiusen , Yang Zifeng , Yuan Zixu , Wei Yingqi , Mo Chunlin , Zeng Zhantao , Luo Jian , Cai Jian , Wang Hui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is often diagnosed at later stages after it has metastasized to other organs. The development of chemoresistance also contributes to a poor prognosis. Therefore, an increased understanding of the metastatic properties of CRC and chemoresistance could improve patient survival. CUGBP elav-like family member 1 (CELF1) is an RNA-binding protein, which is overexpressed in many human malignant tumors. However, the influence of CELF1 in CRC is unclear. V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homologue 2 (ETS2) is an evolutionarily conserved proto-oncogene known to be overexpressed in a variety of human cancers including CRC. In thespresent tudy, we investigated the association between CELF1 and ETS2 in CRC tumorigenesis and oxaliplatin (L-OHP) resistance. We found a positive correlation between the elevated expression of CELF1 and ETS2 in human CRC tissues. Overexpression of CELF1 increased CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in a xenograft tumor growth model in vivo, and induced resistance to L-OHP. In contrast, CELF1 knockdown improved the response of CRC cells to L-OHP. Overexpression of ETS2 increased the malignant behavior of CRC cells (growth, migration, and invasion) and L-OHP resistance in vitro. Moreover, L-OHP resistance induced by CELF1 overexpression was reversed by ETS2 knockdown. The results of luciferase reporter and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation assays indicated that CELF1 up-regulates ETS2 by binding to its 3′-UTR. Taken together, our findings have identified that CELF1 regulates ETS2 in a mechanism that results in CRC tumorigenesis and L-OHP resistance, and CELF1 may be a promising target for overcoming chemoresistance in CRC.
CENP-A nucleosome—a chromatin-embedded pedestal for the centromere: lessons learned from structural biology
Authors: Ali-Ahmad Ahmad , Sekulić Nikolina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The centromere is a chromosome locus that directs equal segregation of chromosomes during cell division. A nucleosome containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A epigenetically defines the centromere. Here, we summarize findings from recent structural biology studies, including several CryoEM structures, that contributed to elucidate specific features of the CENP-A nucleosome and molecular determinants of its interactions with CENP-C and CENP-N, the only two centromere proteins that directly bind to it. Based on those findings, we propose a role of the CENP-A nucleosome in the organization of centromeric chromatin beyond binding centromeric proteins.
Kinematic constraints beyond z ≃ 0 using calibrated GRB correlations
Authors: Luongo Orlando , Muccino Marco 
Published: July 2020

Context. The dynamics of the Universe are revised using high-redshift data from gamma-ray bursts to constrain cosmographic parameters by means of model-independent techniques.
Aims. Considering samples from four gamma-ray burst correlations and two hierarchies up to j0 and s0, respectively, we derived limits over the expansion history of the Universe. Since cosmic data span outside z ≃ 0, we investigated additional cosmographic methods such as auxiliary variables and Padé approximations
Methods. Beziér polynomials were employed to calibrate our correlations and heal the circularity problem. Several Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations were performed on the model-independently calibrated Amati, Ghirlanda, Yonetoku, and combo correlations to obtain 1 − σ and 2 − σ confidence levels and to test the standard cosmological model.
Results. Reasonable results are found up to j0 and s0 hierarchies, respectively, only partially alleviating the tension on local H0 measurements as j0 hierarchy is considered. Discussions on systematic errors have been extensively reported here.
Conclusions. Our findings show that the ΛCDM model is not fully confirmed using gamma-ray bursts. Indications against a genuine cosmological constant are summarized and commented on in detail.
Game Running Performance and Fitness in Women’s Futsal
Authors: Palucci Vieira Luiz Henrique , Arins Francimara Budal , Guglielmo Luiz Guilherme Antonacci , de Lucas Ricardo Dantas , Carminatti Lorival José , Santiago Paulo Roberto Pereira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to verify possible associations between game-play running
performance and outcomes derived from fitness (running) tests in female futsal
players. Sixteen women professional elite futsal players from a 1st
division league team (19.2±2 years-old, 4.3±2.1 years of
experience) participated. Firstly, a graded incremental treadmill test was
adopted to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Following
72 h of laboratory protocol, players were asked to perform a
repeated-sprint test on a court (8×40 m with two 180°
change-of-directions). Twenty-four hours after, players participated in a
one-off friendly game (two 20-min half-times). A computerized automatic image
recognition software (DVIDEOW; 30 Hz) allowed to determine game running
performance variables. Fatigue index and best time in the court test and
VO2max and its attached speed derived from laboratory-based test
showed significant moderate-to-moderately high correlations
(r=− 0.59–0.76; p<0.05) with some game
running performance outputs, notably related to high-intensity running. In
conclusion, the present study provided initial evidence on associations between
two fitness tests and one-off game running performance in female futsal.
Information derived from the work potentially help conditioning professionals
working with female futsal athletes gain awareness about some properties of
common testing tools.
Das Bedürfnis nach Selbstbestimmung
Authors: Hößl Irene 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungEin gutes Gehalt ist für Mitarbeiter zwar wichtig. Aber: Motivation ist nicht käuflich, wie die Gallup-Studie zeigt. Fünfmal wichtiger als das Gehalt sei es, das tun zu dürfen, was man richtig gut kann.