bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle contributions to tibiofemoral shear forces and valgus and rotational joint moments during single leg drop landing
Authors: Maniar Nirav , Schache Anthony G. , Pizzolato Claudio , Opar David A. 
Published: May 2020

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries commonly occur during single‐leg landing tasks and are a burdensome condition. Previous studies indicate that muscle forces play an important role in controlling ligamentous loading, yet these studies have typically used cadaveric models considering only the knee‐spanning quadriceps, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius muscle groups. Any muscles (including non‐knee‐spanning muscles) capable of opposing the anterior shear joint reaction force and the valgus joint reaction moment are thought to have the greatest potential for protecting the ACL from injury. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how lower‐limb muscles modulate knee joint loading during a single‐leg drop landing task. An electromyography‐informed neuromusculoskeletal modeling approach was used to compute lower‐limb muscle force contributions to the anterior shear joint reaction force and the valgus joint reaction moment at the knee during a single‐leg drop landing task. The average shear joint reaction force ranged from 153 N of anterior shear force to 744 N of posterior shear force. The muscles that generated the greatest posterior shear force were the soleus, medial hamstrings, and biceps femoris, contributing up to 393 N, 359 N, and 162 N, respectively. The average frontal plane joint reaction moment ranged from a 19 Nm varus moment to a 6 Nm valgus moment. The valgus moment was primarily opposed by the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and soleus, with these muscles providing contributions of up to 38, 22, and 20 Nm toward a varus moment, respectively. The findings identify key muscles that mitigate loads on the ACL.
Impression management in the market for residential care for children and youth in Sweden
Authors: Shanks Emelie , Lundström Tommy , Meagher Gabrielle , Sallnäs Marie , Wiklund Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn what has become quite a turbulent quasi‐market for residential care for children and youth, providers now compete for public contracts. To create visibility and attract customers, many providers use marketing activities to project the desired impression of themselves to maintain or strengthen their market position. In this article, we analyse how companies that provide residential care for children manage the impressions they project on their websites and in advertisements. The results reveal that residential care providers use a range of impression management strategies to enhance their organizational image and to respond to potentially damaging or threatening images. The information providers choose to disclose leaves customers—in this case, the social workers responsible for choosing and purchasing care on behalf of clients—with rather limited opportunities to evaluate the quality of care. This is a significant problem considering other, more reliable, sources of information are difficult to access.
The CCR4‐NOT complex component NOT1 regulates RNA‐directed DNA methylation and transcriptional silencing by facilitating Pol IV‐dependent siRNA production
Authors: Zhou Hao‐Ran , Lin Rong‐Nan , Huang Huan‐Wei , Li Lin , Cai Tao , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Chen She , He Xin‐Jian 
Published: May 2020

SummarySmall interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are responsible for establishing and maintaining DNA methylation through the RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway in plants. Although siRNA biogenesis is well known, it is relatively unclear about how the process is regulated. By a forward genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified a mutant defective in NOT1 and demonstrated that NOT1 is required for transcriptional silencing at RdDM target genomic loci. We demonstrated that NOT1 is required for Pol IV‐dependent siRNA accumulation and DNA methylation at a subset of RdDM target genomic loci. Furthermore, we revealed that NOT1 is a constituent of a multi‐subunit CCR4‐NOT deadenylase complex by immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry and demonstrated that the CCR4‐NOT components can function as a whole to mediate chromatin silencing. Therefore, our work establishes that the CCR4‐NOT complex regulates the biogenesis of Pol IV‐dependent siRNAs, and hence facilitates DNA methylation and transcriptional silencing in Arabidopsis.
High prevalence of human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐1b genotype among blood donors in Gabon, Central Africa
Authors: Ramassamy Jill‐Léa , Cassar Olivier , Toumbiri Manoushka , Diané Abdoulaye , Idam Mamimandjiami Antony , Bengone Calixte , Ntsame‐Ndong Jophrette Mireille , Mouinga‐Ondémé Augustin , Gessain Antoine 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDThe African continent is considered to be the largest endemic area of HTLV‐1 infection, with at least several million infected individuals. Systematic screening of blood donors can prevent the transmission of HTLV‐1 in blood. Gabon is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of HTLV‐1 worldwide, and yet the routine testing of blood donors has still not been introduced.METHODSAll blood donations collected between April and July 2017 at the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine of Gabon were studied. Plasma samples were screened by ELISA for the presence of HTLV‐1/2 antibodies. Western blot (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were used for confirmation.RESULTSIn total, 3123 blood donors were tested, including 1740 repeat and 1378 first‐time blood donors (FTBDs). Of them, 132 samples tested positive for HTLV‐1/2 by ELISA (4.2%). WB and PCR confirmed HTLV‐1 infection for 23 individuals. The overall prevalence of HTLV‐1 was 0.74% [95% CI 0.47%‐1.10%], 1% in FTBD, and 0.5% in repeat donors. Age and sex‐adjusted prevalence was five‐fold lower in FTBD than in the general adult population of rural areas of Gabon. All detected HTLV‐1 strains belonged to the central African HTLV‐1b genotype but were highly diverse.CONCLUSIONWe report an overall prevalence of HTLV‐1 of 0.74%, one of the highest values reported for blood donors in Africa. Given the high risk of HTLV‐1 transmission in blood, it is necessary to conduct cost‐effectiveness studies to determine the need and feasibility of implementing screening of HTLV‐1 in blood donors in Gabon.
Effect of 7.5% hypertonic saline solution on whole blood coagulation in healthy dogs using thromboelastography
Authors: Kim Hye young , Nam Aryung , Song Kun ho , Youn Hwa young , Seo Kyoung won 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of 7.5% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) on whole blood coagulation in healthy dogs and to compare electrolyte and osmolality measurements between in vivo and in vitro dilution with HSS.DesignExperimental study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTwelve adult purpose‐bred Beagles.InterventionsAll 12 dogs received 5 mL/kg 7.5% HSS at 1 mL/kg/min. After a 14‐day washout period, 5 of these dogs were randomly selected and received the same volume of 0.9% NaCl. Blood samples were collected before infusion, immediately after infusion, and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes after infusion for the measurement of coagulation using thromboelastography. For comparison of electrolyte concentrations and osmolality between in vitro dilution and in vivo dilution of HSS, 6‐mL blood samples were diluted with 7.5% HSS (1:18 ratio) at baseline.Measurements and Main ResultsNone of the thromboelastography variables differed significantly between the 7.5% HSS group and the 0.9% NaCl group. The sodium and chloride levels, and the osmolality, were significantly increased at all postinfusion time points compared to baseline, while those levels were significantly higher with in vitro dilution than all postinfusion time points. However, almost all the values gradually decreased and became similar to baseline values in case of in vivo dilution.ConclusionsThe clinically relevant dose of 7.5% HSS (5 mL/kg) did not affect whole blood coagulation significantly in healthy Beagles. Further studies are necessary to assess the effect of HSS on blood coagulation in canine patients with shock.
Physiologic effects of long‐term immobilization of the equine distal limb
Authors: Stewart Holly L. , Werpy Natasha M. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Kawcak Christopher E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the effects of distal limb immobilization and remobilization in the equine metacarpophalangeal joint.Study designRandomized, prospective experimental study.AnimalsEight healthy, skeletally mature horses.MethodsOne forelimb of each horse was immobilized in a fiberglass cast for 8 weeks; this was followed by 12 weeks of a treadmill‐based training program after the cast had been removed. Clinical examinations, radiography, computed tomography (CT), nuclear scintigraphy, MRI, and histomorphometry were used to examine the third metacarpal (MC3), proximal phalanx, proximal sesamoid bones, and associated soft tissues in each horse. Serum and synovial fluid were collected for biomarker analyses.ResultsDistal limb immobilization resulted in persistent lameness (P < .001), effusion (P= .002), and a decreased range of motion (P= .012) as well as radiographically visible fragments (P= .036) in the cast forelimb. Bone density was decreased (P < .001) in MC3 according to CT, and trabecular bone fluid was increased (P < .001) according to MRI in the cast forelimb. The cast forelimbs had a change (P= .009) in the appearance of the deep digital flexor tendon according to MRI immediately after removal of the cast. Numerous clinical, radiographic, CT, and MR abnormalities were visible at the end of the study period.ConclusionEights weeks of cast immobilization induced changes in bone, cartilage, and periarticular soft tissues that were not reversed after 12 weeks of remobilization.Clinical significanceCast application should be used judiciously in horses with musculoskeletal injuries, balancing appropriate stabilization with potential morbidity secondary to cast placement.
Temporal responses of 4‐chlorophenol on the performance and functional genes expression of activated sludge in sequencing batch bioreactor
Authors: Zhao Jianguo , Li Yahe , Li Yu , Yang Dejian , Zhu Changai , Zhang Shanqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, a lab‐scale sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR) with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h was established to treat 50 mg/L 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP), and the temporal responses of 4‐CP on the performance and the expression level of related functional genes in sludge were explored. Results showed that after the SBR was acclimated with the cometabolic carbon sources of 4‐CP and methanol, the pollutants were effectively degraded. The pollutants removal was influenced by the polysaccharides and proteins in sludge. The real‐time PCR showed that except for the gene p450, the prompt removal of pollutants before 2 h caused the significant upregulation of the other functional genes from the genus Pseudomonas in sludge, while the downregulation occurred from 2 to 8 h with the progressive removal of pollutants in SBR cycle, indicating that the removal of pollutants was closely related to the functional genes expression.
Neoliberal recontextualizations and legitimations in a post‐Confucian state
Authors: Ng Carl Jon Way 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile neoliberal ethos has seen a consistent spread and reterritorialization beyond its Anglo‐American roots, the specific inflections of neoliberalism and its discourse have had to be recontextualized to fit with context‐specific values and structures of government/governance. Adopting a critical discourse‐analytic approach, this paper looks at the case of Singapore to probe the discursive moves and tropes deployed to communicate and legitimate a neoliberal‐oriented, authoritarian governance in a wealthy society marked by a high level of inequality. It shows how Singapore's ‘Asian’ sociopolitical context and its post‐Confucian heritage are amenable to a strategic discursive melding of a more conventional self‐interested, neoliberal individualism with a more locally‐situated traditionalist collective/communitarian ethos, with the latter functioning as a discursive‐moralizing trope to encourage acquiescence to a market‐fundamentalist agenda for ‘the greater/common good’.
An Experimental Study of R134a Condensation Heat Transfer in Horizontal Smooth and Enhanced Tubes
Authors: Li Wei , Guo Yu , Gu Zong-Bao , Ma Xiang , Ayub Zahid , He Yan , Kukulka David J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the condensation heat transfer characteristics of R134a inside enhanced tubes using two types of surface structures with different materials were investigated, which were then compared with plain tubes under the same test conditions. The enhanced tubes were: 1EHTa tube with dimpled and petal arrays structure and 1EHTb tube with protrusion and similar petal arrays structure. The experiment was conducted for a mass flux ranging from 100 to 200 kg m−2 s−1 with saturation temperature of 318.15 K. The inlet and outlet vapor qualities were fixed at 0.8 and 0.2, respectively. The test tubes had the same outer diameter of 12.7 mm. Results showed that the dimpled and protruded surface tubes enhanced the convection condensation heat transfer and the heat transfer coefficient was 1.4–1.6 times higher than that of the smooth tube. Heat transfer enhancement of the 1EHTa and 1EHTb tube was mainly due to the complex roughness surface structures that created swirling and increased the interface turbulence. The condensation heat transfer coefficient increased slightly with increasing mass flux. The pressure drop penalty was found to increase as mass flux increased. Compared with the smooth tube, the pressure drop of Cu-1EHTa tube, SS-1EHTa tube, and Cu-1EHTb tube were 1.15, 1.21, and 1.14 of smooth tube, respectively. Enhanced tubes exhibited higher performance factors (PFs) compared to the smooth tube. The average PF was 1.3–1.5. A new correlation of heat transfer coefficient has been developed within ±15% error band.
An Electromechanical Model for Electrowetting With Finite Droplet Size
Authors: Huang Deng , Qian Fang , Zhang Wenyao , Li Wenbo , Chuan Rui , Wang Qiuwang , Zhao Cunlu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present an electromechanical model for the analysis of electrowetting by considering the balance between an electric force and a surface tension force acting on the contact line of three phases, namely the droplet (D) phase, the substrate (S) phase, and the ambiance (A) phase. We show that the Maxwell stresses at the ambiance–substrate (A–S) interface, the droplet–substrate (D–S) interface, and the droplet–ambiance (D–A) interface induce an electric force on the three-phase contact line which is responsible for the modification of the apparent contact angle in electrowetting. For a classical electrowetting configuration with a flat substrate, we show that the electric force on the contact line (or the electrowetting number) is mainly due to the Maxwell stresses at the D–A interface. The model is validated by its excellent agreement with the classical Young-Lippmann (Y-L) model for sufficiently large droplets and comparable electric permittivities between A and S phases. Interestingly, our new model reveals that the finite size of droplet produces profound effects on the electrowetting that the electrowetting number becomes dependent on the permittivity of A phase and the equilibrium contact angle, which is in stark contrast to the Y-L model. The reasons for these remarkable effects are elaborated and clarified. The findings in the current study are complementary to the classical Y-L model and provide new insights into the electrowetting phenomenon.
Damage Localization in Pressure Vessel by Guided Waves Based on Convolution Neural Network Approach
Authors: Hu Chaojie , Yang Bin , Yan Jianjun , Xiang Yanxun , Zhou Shaoping , Xuan Fu-Zhen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the damage localization in a pressure vessel using guided wave-based structural health monitoring (SHM) technology. An online SHM system was developed to automatically select the guided wave propagating path and collect the generated signals during the monitoring process. Deep learning approach was employed to train the convolutional neural network (CNN) model by the guided wave datasets. Two piezo-electric ceramic transducers (PZT) arrays were designed to verify the anti-interference ability and robustness of the CNN model. Results indicate that the CNN model with seven convolution layers, three pooling layers, one fully connected layer, and one Softmax layer could locate the damage with 100% accuracy rate without overfitting. This method has good anti-interference ability in vibration or PZTs failure condition, and the anti-interference ability increases with increasing of PZT numbers. The trained CNN model can locate damage with high accuracy, and it has great potential to be applied in damage localization of pressure vessels.
Extended gravitational decoupling (GD) solution for charged compact star model
Authors: Maurya S. K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present article, we have obtained a new solution for the charged compact star model through the gravitational decoupling (GD) by using a complete geometric deformation (CGD) approach (Ovalle, Phys Lett B 788:213, 2019). In this approach, the initial decoupled system is separated into two subsystems namely Einstein–Maxwell’s system and quasi-Einstein system. We solve Einstein–Maxwell’s system by taking well known Tolman–Kuchowicz spacetime geometry in the context of the perfect fluid matter distribution. On the other hand, the second system introduce the anisotropy inside the matter distribution which is solved by taking an EOS in $$\theta $$θ components. The boundary conditions have been derived to determine the constants parameter. To support the mathematical and physical analysis of the present GD solution, we have plotted all the graphs for the compact objects PSR J1614-2230, 4U1608-52 and Cen X-3 corresponding to the constant $$\alpha =0.001$$α=0.001, 0.0012 and 0.0014, respectively. Moreover, we also studied the equilibrium and stability of the solution. The present study shows that the GD technique is a very significant tool to generalize the solution in a more complex form or one matter distribution to another matter distribution.
Wormhole structures in logarithmic-corrected $$R^2$$ gravity
Authors: Fayyaz I. , Shamir M. Farasat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper is devoted to find the feasible shape functions for the construction of static wormhole geometry in the frame work of logarithmic-corrected $$R^2$$R2 gravity model. We discuss the asymptotically flat wormhole solutions sustained by the matter sources with anisotropic pressure, isotropic pressure and barotropic pressure. For anisotropic case, we consider three shape functions and evaluate the null energy conditions and weak energy conditions graphically along with their regions. Moreover, for barotropic and isotropic pressures, we find shape function analytically and discuss its properties. For the formation of traversable wormhole geometries, we cautiously choose the values of parameters involved in f(R) gravity model. We show explicitly that our wormhole solutions violate the non-existence theorem even with logarithmic corrections. We discuss all physical properties via graphical analysis and it is concluded that the wormhole solutions with relativistic formalism can be well justified with logarithmic corrections.
Discordant Values in Lower Extremity Physiologic Studies Predict Increased Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Firth Christine , Tseng Andrew S. , Abdelmalek Mina , Girardo Marlene , Atwal Danish , Cooper Leslie , McBane Robert , Pollak Amy , Liedl David , Wennberg Paul , Shamoun Fadi Elias 
Published: May 2020

Background

Ankle‐brachial indexes (
ABI
) are a noninvasive diagnostic tool for peripheral arterial disease and a marker of increased cardiovascular risk.
ABI
is calculated using the highest systolic blood pressure of the 4 ankle arteries (bilateral dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial). Accordingly, patients may be assigned a normal
ABI
when the result would be abnormal if calculated using one of the other blood pressure readings. Cardiovascular outcomes for patients with discordant
ABI
s are undescribed.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent
ABI
measurement for any indication between January 1996 and June 2018. Those with normal
ABI
s (1.00–1.39) were included. We compared patients with all 4 normal
ABI
s (calculated using all 4 ankle arteries; n=15 577, median age 64.0 years, 54.4% men) to those with discordant
ABI
s (at least 1 abnormal
ABI
≤0.99; n=2095, median age 66.0 years, 47.8% men). The outcomes assessed were ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and all‐cause mortality. Compared with patients with concordant normal
ABI
s, patients with discordant
ABI
s were older; women; smoked; and had chronic kidney disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, or prior stroke. Patients with discordant
ABI
s had a greater risk of myocardial infarction (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95%
CI,
1.10–1.56), ischemic stroke (
HR,
1.53; 95%
CI,
1.37–1.72), and all‐cause mortality (
HR,
1.27; 95%
CI,
1.16–1.39), including after adjustment for baseline comorbidities.

Conclusions

Discordant
ABI
results were associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and all‐cause mortality in the studied population. Clinicians should examine
ABI
calculations using all 4 ankle arteries to better characterize a patient's cardiovascular risk.
Development of a Novel Adult Congenital Heart Disease–Specific Patient‐Reported Outcome Metric
Authors: Cedars Ari M. , Ko Jong Mi , John Anitha S. , Vittengl Jeffrey , Stefanescu‐Schmidt Ada C. , Jarrett Robin B. , Kutty Shelby , Spertus John A. 
Published: May 2020

Background

Patient‐reported outcome metrics (
PRO
s) quantify important outcomes in clinical trials and can be sensitive measures of patient experience in clinical practice. Currently, there is no validated disease‐specific
PRO
for adults with congenital heart disease (
ACHD
).

Methods and Results

We conducted a preliminary psychometric validation of a novel
ACHD PRO
.
ACHD
patients were recruited prospectively from 2 institutions and completed a series of questionnaires, a physician health assessment, and a 6‐minute walk test. Participants returned to complete the same questionnaires and assessment 3 months±2 weeks later. We tested the internal consistency and test–retest reliability by comparing responses among clinically stable patients at the 2 study visits. We assessed convergent and divergent validity by comparison of
ACHD PRO
responses to existing validated questionnaires. We assessed responsiveness by comparison with patient‐reported clinical change. One hundred three patients completed 1 study visit and 81 completed both. The
ACHD PRO
demonstrated good internal consistency in each of its 5 domains (Cronbach's α: 0.87; 0.74; 0.74; 0.90; and 0.89, respectively) and in the overall summary score (0.92). Test–retest reliability was good with an intraclass correlation ≥0.73 for all domains and 0.78 for the Summary Score. The
ACHD PRO
accurately assessed domain concepts based on comparison with validated standards. Preliminary estimates of responsiveness suggest sensitivity to clinical status.

Conclusions

These studies provide initial support for the validity and reliability of the
ACHD PRO
. Further studies are needed to assess its sensitivity to changes in clinical status.