bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Availability Analysis of a Steam Boiler in Textile Process Industries Using Failure and Repair Data: A Case Study
Authors: Patil Suyog S. , Bewoor Anand K. , Patil Rajkumar B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The demand of steam in process industries is increasing rapidly, and this demand can be met by increasing the capacity utilization of steam boilers. Many of the process industries depend on industrial steam boilers as a vital component for their operation. The availability of the boiler can be improved by identifying critical mechanical subsystems/components concerning failure frequency, reliability, and maintainability and minimizing their likelihood of occurrences. The selection of appropriate technique for data collection and reliability analysis is essential. The time between failure (TBF) and time to repair (TTR) of all components and subsystems were collected to carry out reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) analysis. The best-fit distribution and distribution parameters were calculated using reliasoft software weibull++10 after performing trend testing. The preventive maintenance intervals of all components and subsystems and the availability of the system were evaluated. The analysis reveals that the combustion system, feed-water system, and blow-down system are the critical subsystems from a reliability perspective and are still the biggest reasons for the boiler downtime. The research study also showed that TTR was longer for the combustion system than the other subsystems, and thus, to enhance its availability, it is suggested that maintenance resources should be allocated at the appropriate moment to the combustion system. The study also shows the usage of RAM analysis in deciding the preventive maintenance intervals of components/subsystems of the boiler. It also provides a reference for the preparation of the maintenance plan for the boiler system.
Novel Approach for Optical Characterization of Thrust Collar Lubricated Area: Experimental and Numerical Results
Authors: Kerr Thomas , Delgado Adolfo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thrust collars (TCs) are bearing elements used in geared machinery that transmit axial loads from one shaft to another. TCs are primarily used in integrally geared compressors (IGCs) but are also found in gearboxes and marine propulsion applications. TCs are hydrodynamic elements featuring a converging-diverging wedge to generate a pressure field that reacts axial loads. Accurate modeling requires knowledge of the film characteristics such as cavitation, turbulence, and air ingestion, all of which reduce load capacity. Current models in the literature do not include mass-conserving cavitation algorithms or turbulence flow. The following paper introduces a new test rig that optically characterizes the thin film region of a TC. The test rig geometries, speeds, and loads match those typically seen in IGC applications. The test rig utilizes a transparent acrylic window in conjunction with a high-speed camera (HSC) to obtain high-speed images of the oil film. Images are filtered and averaged to obtain areas of interest in the oil film. Cavitation and turbulence areas are measured for pinion speeds of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 krpm and axial loads of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 kN. Cavitation occurs in the diverging (upper) region of the TC and appears at pinion speeds over 5000 rpm but does not change in shape after that speed. The cavitation is independent of applied load. Turbulence at the inlet region (bottom) occurs at all speeds but increases to almost 35% of the total area at the highest speed. This paper also presents a finite element (FE) model that includes predictions for the static characteristics of the TC, specifically the cavitation area. The cavitation modeling uses an iterative Elord's method, which conserves mass. The model predicts a similar cavitation area for all speeds and loads. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study predicts a similar cavitation area and pressure field to the FE model. The CFD model predicts turbulence in the lower region that increases for increasing spin speed, which matches the experimental results. The CFD model tends to under-predict the turbulence area compared to the experiments. As IGCs move into new application areas to satisfy new needs, the increase in efficiency and capacity comes at a cost of more load and higher speed requirements on the TCs. This work will help original equipment manufacturers model TCs more accurately to ensure safe and efficient operation.
A New Methodology of Production Performance Prediction for Strong Edge-Water Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Angang , Fan Zifei , Zhao Lun , Wang Jincai , Song Heng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Material balance is a basic principle in reservoir engineering, which is still used as a quick and easy analytical tool for reservoir evaluation. In this article, a new methodology of production performance prediction for water-flooding reservoir was proposed based on the material balance principle, which considers the water saturation change caused by water injection and natural water influx, and its effect on transient gas–oil ratio. Among them, the cumulative water production was calculated based on Tong’s water-driver performance curve; the cumulative water influx was obtained by the Fetkovitch method; the transient gas–oil ratio can be acquired by Darcy’s law and Baker’s relative permeability model. Comparisons have been made between the new methodology and commercial reservoir simulator for two different reservoirs. The results show that there is good similarity between these two tools, which verifies the correctness of the new methodology.
Numerical Simulation of Impact Behavior of Ceramic Coatings Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method
Authors: Zhang Jian , Lu Zhe , Sagar Sugrim , Choi Hyunhee , Jung Yeon-Gil , Park Heesung , Koo Dan Daehyun , Zhang Jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, the impact behavior of an alumina spherical particle on alumina coating is modeled using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The effects of impact angle (0 deg, 30 deg, and 60 deg) and velocity (100 m/s, 200 m/s, and 300 m/s) on the morphology changes of the impact pit and impacting particle, and their associated stress and energy are investigated. The results show that the combination of impact angle of 0 deg and velocity of 300 m/s produces the highest penetration depth and largest stress and deformation in the coating layer, while the combination of 100 m/s and 60 deg causes the minimum damage to the coating layer. This is because the penetration depth is determined by the vertical velocity component difference between the impacting particle and the coating layer, but irrelevant to the horizontal component. The total energy of the coating layer increases with the time, while the internal energy increases with the time after some peak values, which is due to energy transmission from the spherical particle to the coating layer and the stress shock waves. The energy transmission from impacting particle to coating layer increases with the increasing particle velocity and decreases with the increasing inclined angle. The simulated impact pit morphology is qualitatively similar to the experimental observation. This work demonstrates that the SPH method is useful to analyze the impact behavior of ceramic coatings.
Parameter Identification Based on Nonlinear Observer for Mechanical Systems
Authors: Ordaz Patricio , Ramírez Miguel , Rodríguez Liliam , Cuvas Carlos , Romero Hugo , Sandre Omar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the parameter identification problem for nonlinear mechanical systems based on state estimation. Here, the concept of Sliding Mode Observer for finite time state estimation and the Least-Square Method for parameter identification have been combined; thus, guaranteeing that the estimated state converges to the real one in a finite time. The asymptotic parameter identification is performed by applying the Least-Square approach, minimizing the so-called joint uncertainty; in this process, a specific persistent excitation condition is introduced to guarantee the effectiveness of the proposed identification algorithm. With the proposed approach and some considerations, the algorithm is capable of estimating friction coefficients and inertia moments, within a narrow time-window. Finally, the performance of the identification algorithm designed in this paper is tested on a real-time underactuated system, specifically the double pendulum on a cart platform. Furthermore, a successful benchmarking between the algorithm herein and the traditional least-square method is reported.
Truncation Error Based Mesh Optimization
Authors: Jackson Charles W. , Roy Christopher J. , Schrock Christopher R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTruncation error is used to drive mesh adaptation in order to reduce the discretization error in solutions to a variety of 1D and 2D flow problems. The adaptation is performed using r-adaptation to move the mesh nodes in the domain in an attempt to reduce the truncation error since it is the local source of discretization error. Here, we present a new set of r-adaptation methods called mesh optimization along with three different ways of performing this type of adaptation. Each of these techniques uses a finite difference gradient-based local optimization technique with different sets of design variables to create a mesh that minimizes a functional based on truncation error. These new truncation error based mesh optimization techniques are compared to a more common truncation error based mesh equidistribution technique. Some observations on the performance and behavior of the different adaptation methods and best practices for their use are presented. All of the optimization methods are shown to reduce the truncation error one or two orders of magnitude and the discretization error by roughly one order of magnitude for the 1D problems tested. In two dimensions, the optimization-based adaptation methods are able to reduce the discretization error by up to a factor of seven. Mesh equidistribution achieved similar levels of improvement for much less cost compared to the mesh optimization techniques.
Guillain-Barré syndrome and COVID-19: an observational multicentre study from two Italian hotspot regions
Authors: Filosto Massimiliano , Cotti Piccinelli Stefano , Gazzina Stefano , Foresti Camillo , Frigeni Barbara , Servalli Maria Cristina , Sessa Maria , Cosentino Giuseppe , Marchioni Enrico , Ravaglia Sabrina , Briani Chiara , Castellani Francesca , Zara Gabriella , Bianchi Francesca , Del Carro Ubaldo , Fazio Raffaella , Filippi Massimo , Magni Eugenio , Natalini Giuseppe , Palmerini Francesco , Perotti Anna Maria , Bellomo Andrea , Osio Maurizio , Scopelliti Giuseppe , Carpo Marinella , Rasera Andrea , Squintani Giovanna , Doneddu Pietro Emiliano , Bertasi Valeria , Cotelli Maria Sofia , Bertolasi Laura , Fabrizi Gian Maria , Ferrari Sergio , Ranieri Federico , Caprioli Francesca , Grappa Elena , Broglio Laura , De Maria Giovanni , Leggio Ugo , Poli Loris , Rasulo Frank , Latronico Nicola , Nobile-Orazio Eduardo , Padovani Alessandro , Uncini Antonino 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveSingle cases and small series of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been reported during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak worldwide. We evaluated incidence and clinical features of GBS in a cohort of patients from two regions of northern Italy with the highest number of patients with COVID-19.MethodsGBS cases diagnosed in 12 referral hospitals from Lombardy and Veneto in March and April 2020 were retrospectively collected. As a control population, GBS diagnosed in March and April 2019 in the same hospitals were considered.ResultsIncidence of GBS in March and April 2020 was 0.202/100 000/month (estimated rate 2.43/100 000/year) vs 0.077/100 000/month (estimated rate 0.93/100 000/year) in the same months of 2019 with a 2.6-fold increase. Estimated incidence of GBS in COVID-19-positive patients was 47.9/100 000 and in the COVID-19-positive hospitalised patients was 236/100 000. COVID-19-positive patients with GBS, when compared with COVID-19-negative subjects, showed lower MRC sum score (26.3±18.3 vs 41.4±14.8, p=0.006), higher frequency of demyelinating subtype (76.6% vs 35.3%, p=0.011), more frequent low blood pressure (50% vs 11.8%, p=0.017) and higher rate of admission to intensive care unit (66.6% vs 17.6%, p=0.002).ConclusionsThis study shows an increased incidence of GBS during the COVID-19 outbreak in northern Italy, supporting a pathogenic link. COVID-19-associated GBS is predominantly demyelinating and seems to be more severe than non-COVID-19 GBS, although it is likely that in some patients the systemic impairment due to COVID-19 might have contributed to the severity of the whole clinical picture.
Large contribution of pulsed subsidies to a predatory fish inhabiting large stream channels
Authors: Itakura Hikaru , Miyake Yoichi , Kitagawa Takashi , Sato Takuya , Kimura Shingo 
Published: November 2020

Resource subsidies exert critical influences on recipient habitats with relatively higher perimeter-to-area ratios, such as headwaters in watersheds. However, little is known about how those subsidies contribute to the energy sources in recipient habitats where the perimeter-to-area ratio is low, such as large stream channels. Here, we show that the diet of small Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) <500 mm in total length inhabiting natural shoreline areas in large stream channels consists largely of terrestrial earthworms (Metaphire spp.). Stable isotopic analyses showed that the earthworms were the prey animal that contributed most to the eels’ diet (45%–47%). Earthworms constituted the largest portion of the eels’ stomach contents (7%–93%). Eels ingested earthworms within 2 days after rainfall during spring, summer, and autumn, and their consumption increased as the precipitation increased. These findings indicate that the pulsed earthworm subsidy that is driven by rainfall could temporarily bias the eels’ diet toward this allochthonous resource, which may explain the large contribution of the subsidy for consumers inhabiting large stream channels. Furthermore, diverse earthworm species could drive multiple pulsed subsidies across seasons and provide the predators with a prolonged subsidy, enhancing the long-term contribution of the subsidy to the predators’ diet.
Influence Maximization on Undirected Graphs
Authors: Schoenebeck Grant , Tao Biaoshuai 
Published: November 2020

We study the influence maximization problem in undirected networks, specifically focusing on the independent cascade and linear threshold models. We prove APX-hardness (NP-hardness of approximation within factor (1-τ) for some constant τ > 0) for both models, which improves the previous NP-hardness lower bound for the linear threshold model. No previous hardness result was known for the independent cascade model.

As part of the hardness proof, we show some natural properties of these cascades on undirected graphs. For example, we show that the expected number of infections of a seed set
S
is upper bounded by the size of the edge cut of
S
in the linear threshold model and a special case of the independent cascade model, the weighted independent cascade model.

Motivated by our upper bounds, we present a suite of highly scalable local greedy heuristics for the influence maximization problem on both the linear threshold model and the weighted independent cascade model on undirected graphs that, in practice, find seed sets that on average obtain 97.52% of the performance of the much slower greedy algorithm for the linear threshold model and 97.39% of the performance of the greedy algorithm for the weighted independent cascade model. Our heuristics also outperform other popular local heuristics, such as the degree discount heuristic by Chen et al. [7].
Rigosertib Induces Mitotic Arrest and Apoptosis in RAS-Mutated Rhabdomyosarcoma and Neuroblastoma
Authors: Kowalczyk Joshua T. , Wan Xiaolin , Hernandez Edjay R. , Luo Ruibai , Lyons Gaelyn C. , Wilson Kelli M. , Gallardo Devorah C. , Isanogle Kristine A. , Robinson Christina M. , Mendoza Arnulfo , Heske Christine M. , Chen Jinqui-Qiu , Luo Xiaoling , Kelly Alexander E. , Difilippantinio Simone , Robey Robert W. , Thomas Craig J. , Sackett Dan L. , Morrison Deborah K. , Randazzo Paul A. , Jenkins Lisa M. Miller , Yohe Marielle E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Relapsed pediatric rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) and neuroblastomas (NBs) have a poor prognosis despite multimodality therapy. In addition, the current standard of care for these cancers includes vinca alkaloids that have severe toxicity profiles, further underscoring the need for novel therapies for these malignancies. Here, we show that the small-molecule rigosertib inhibits the growth of RMS and NB cell lines by arresting cells in mitosis, which leads to cell death. Our data indicate that rigosertib, like the vinca alkaloids, exerts its effects mainly by interfering with mitotic spindle assembly. Although rigosertib has the ability to inhibit oncogenic RAS signaling, we provide evidence that rigosertib does not induce cell death through inhibition of the RAS pathway in RAS-mutated RMS and NB cells. However, the combination of rigosertib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib, which has efficacy in RAS-mutated tumors, synergistically inhibits the growth of an RMS cell line, suggesting a new avenue for combination therapy. Importantly, rigosertib treatment delays tumor growth and prolongs survival in a xenograft model of RMS. In conclusion, rigosertib, through its impact on the mitotic spindle, represents a potential therapeutic for RMS.
Lecturers’ language problems in writing english papers for international publications
Authors: Hartono Hartono , Arjanggi Ruseno , Nugroho Kurniawan Yudhi , Maerani Ira Alia 
Published: November 2020

Indonesian lecturers are now encouraged to publish papers in international journals so that they can better disseminate research findings and innovations globally. However, many of them have the problems with English language mastery. This study was aimed at identifying and analyzing language problems of the Indonesian university lecturers in writing English academic papers for international publications. The subjects of the study were 66 randomly selected lecturers of various disciplines other than English Education and English Literature. The data were collected by questionnaire and English writing tasks on phrases, sentences, and paragraphs which were then analyzed descriptively. The results show that language errors and mistakes in grammar, syntax, vocabulary, spelling and word forms were all found in the subjects’ writings. In writing academic papers for international publications, university lecturers faced language problems as constructing phrases and sentences, choosing and using appropriate vocabulary and terms relevant to their topic of study as well as translating their Indonesian sentences into English.
The effect of virtual reality laboratory on conceptual understanding in electrolytes and non-electrolytes
Authors: Amiati Afsari 
Published: November 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of learning media Virtual Reality Laboratory (VR-Lab) on the conceptual understanding of Senior high school students on the concept of electrolytes and non-electrolytes. The learning media used were developed using models adapted from the ADDIE model, while the type of research as a whole uses this type of research, namely Quasy experiment with posttest only design. The instrument used in this study was a multiple choice question of 40 items. This research was conducted using 84 students consisting of the control class, experiment I, and experiment II. The analysis technique used one-way ANOVA. The results obtained in this study were that between the control class and experiment I class there were no significant differences with a mean of 44.91 and 45.67. Whereas for the experimental II class had a significant difference with the other two classes with an average of 68.66.
Multicultural strip comic as a learning media to improve the caring character in primary school
Authors: Aulia Nisa , Wuryandani Wuri 
Published: November 2020

This research of development aims to produce eligible media and test the effectiveness of multicultural strip comic to improve the caring character of primary school students. It referred to the 10 steps of Borg Gall. This research was held on fourth-grade students at five primary schools in Gondokusuman District, Yogyakarta. It consisted of 9 students at the preliminary field testing, 36 students at the main field testing and 62 students at the operational field testing which were divided into two groups, namely experiment class and control class. The technique of data collection involved interviews, observation, scales, and questionnaires. The expert rating scale and the response questionnaire were used to determine the feasibility of the media. The effectiveness of the media was analyzed by the N-Gain score and t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The result showed that multicultural strip comic media is feasible and effective to improve caring character. This is seen from the N-Gain score and the result of the t-test which obtained a significance value of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05) which means it can improve the caring character of primary school students.
Epigenetic Analyses of Human Left Atrial Tissue Identifies Gene Networks Underlying Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hall Amelia Weber , Chaffin Mark , Roselli Carolina , Lin Honghuang , Lubitz Steven A. , Bianchi Valerio , Geeven Geert , Bedi Kenneth , Margulies Kenneth B. , de Laat Wouter , Tucker Nathan R. , Ellinor Patrick T. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) often arises from structural abnormalities in the left atria (LA). Annotation of the noncoding genome in human LA is limited, as are effects on gene expression and chromatin architecture. Many AF-associated genetic variants reside in noncoding regions; this knowledge gap impairs efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms of AF and cardiac conduction phenotypes.

Methods:

We generated a model of the LA noncoding genome by profiling 7 histone post-translational modifications (active: H3K4me3, H3K4me2, H3K4me1, H3K27ac, H3K36me3; repressive: H3K27me3, H3K9me3),
CTCF
binding, and gene expression in samples from 5 individuals without structural heart disease or AF. We used MACS2 to identify peak regions (
P
<0.01), applied a Markov model to classify regulatory elements, and annotated this model with matched gene expression data. We intersected chromatin states with expression quantitative trait locus, DNA methylation, and HiC chromatin interaction data from LA and left ventricle. Finally, we integrated genome-wide association data for AF and electrocardiographic traits to link disease-related variants to genes.

Results:

Our model identified 21 epigenetic states, encompassing regulatory motifs, such as promoters, enhancers, and repressed regions. Genes were regulated by proximal chromatin states; repressive states were associated with a significant reduction in gene expression (
P
<2×10
−16
). Chromatin states were differentially methylated, promoters were less methylated than repressed regions (
P
<2×10
−16
). We identified over 15 000 LA-specific enhancers, defined by homeobox family motifs, and annotated several cardiovascular disease susceptibility loci. Intersecting AF and PR genome-wide association studies loci with long-range chromatin conformation data identified a gene interaction network dominated by
NKX2-5
,
TBX3
,
ZFHX3
, and
SYNPO2L
.

Conclusions:
Profiling the noncoding genome provides new insights into the gene expression and chromatin regulation in human LA tissue. These findings enabled identification of a gene network underlying AF; our experimental and analytic approach can be extended to identify molecular mechanisms for other cardiac diseases and traits.