bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tumor immune microenvironment and its implications for clinical outcome in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gurin Dominik , Slavik Marek , Hermanova Marketa , Selingerova Iveta , Kazda Tomas , Hendrych Michal , Shatokhina Tetiana , Vesela Marcela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe examined PD‐L1 expression on tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs) and density of CD3+ and CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and investigated their significance on clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes.MethodsIn a cohort of 65 patients treated by definitive intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with curative intent, immunohistochemical analysis of PD‐L1 expression on TCs and ICs, and TIL subtyping was performed on primary biopsy tumor tissues, followed by prognostic evaluation of these immune response–related parameters including classification into four tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) types. To evaluate HPV status, p16 immunohistochemistry was performed.ResultsDensities of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs and PD‐L1 expressions on TCs and ICs were significantly higher in p16+/HPV‐mediated OPSCC. Patients with high densities of stromal CD8+ TILs displayed significantly better overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS). PD‐L1 expression neither on tumor cells nor on immune cells affected survival outcomes. Distribution of TIM types based on the combination of PD‐L1 expression on TCs and densities of CD8+ TILs is significantly different in p16+ compared with p16‐ OPSCC. In type III TIM (TC‐PD‐L1+/low CD8+ TIL density), significantly better OS was shown in p16+ group compared with p16‐ OPSCC.ConclusionThe prognostic and predictive role of tumor immune microenvironment was confirmed for patients with OPSCC. Combining HPV status with the evaluation of densities of CD8+ TILs and PD‐L1 expression including TIM classification might be of high clinical interest and warrants further prospective evaluation.
Characterization of adaptability components of Brazilian isolates of Macrophomina pseudophaseolina
Authors: Negreiros Andréia Mitsa Paiva , Melo Naama Jéssica de Assis , Medeiros Hohana Lissa de Sousa , Silva Fernando Henrique Alves , Armengol Josep , Sales Júnior Rui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMacrophomina pseudophaseolina is a new Macrophomina species reported on different crop and weed species in Brazil, India and Senegal, but to date there are no studies about its adaptability components. In this work, a collection of 62 M. pseudophaseolina isolates obtained from roots of the weed species Trianthema portulacastrum and Boerhavia diffusa collected in Northeastern Brazil, was used to: (a) study the effect of temperature and salinity on mycelial growth, (b) to determine their sensitivity to the fungicide carbendazim and (c) to assess their aggressiveness on melon and watermelon seedlings. Results showed variability among M. pseudophaseolina isolates. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth ranged between 26.4 and 38.1ºC. NaCl reduced the in vitro growth of all isolates, which were also highly sensitive to the fungicide carbendazim, exhibiting EC50 values ranging from 0.013 to 0.089 mg/L a.i. Disease severity values on melon and watermelon seedlings showed that M. pseudophaseolina isolates were more aggressive in melon than in watermelon. Information about adaptability components of M. pseudophaseolina obtained in this study could be incorporated on breeding programs for melon and watermelon crops.
Channels modestly impact compartment‐specific ATP levels during Bacillus subtilis sporulation and a rise in the mother cell ATP level is not necessary for Pro‐σK cleavage
Authors: Parrell Daniel , Kroos Lee 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStarvation of Bacillus subtilis initiates endosporulation involving formation of mother cell (MC) and forespore (FS) compartments. During engulfment, the MC membrane migrates around the FS and protein channels connect the two compartments. The channels are necessary for postengulfment FS gene expression, which relieves inhibition of SpoIVFB, an intramembrane protease that cleaves Pro‐σK, releasing σK into the MC. SpoIVFB has an ATP‐binding domain exposed to the MC cytoplasm, but the role of ATP in regulating Pro‐σK cleavage has been unclear, as has the impact of the channels on MC and FS ATP levels. Using luciferase produced separately in each compartment to measure relative ATP concentrations during sporulation, we found that the MC ATP concentration rises about twofold coincident with increasing cleavage of Pro‐σK, and the FS ATP concentration does not decline. Mutants lacking a channel protein or defective in channel protein turnover exhibited modest and varied effects on ATP levels, which suggested that low ATP concentration does not explain the lack of postengulfment FS gene expression in channel mutants. Furthermore, a rise in the MC ATP level was not necessary for Pro‐σK cleavage by SpoIVFB, based on analysis of mutants that bypass the need for relief of SpoIVFB inhibition.
The Effect of Preoperative Pentoxifylline on Postoperative Pain and Development of Secondary Hyperalgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Nazemi Samad , Taherian Akram , Khajeh Mahtab , Shahrestanaki Ehsan , Jafarpour Mostafa , Abdolalizadeh Adeleh , Sahebkar Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAfter surgery and loss of anesthetic effect, postoperative pain can annoy the patient and affect patient satisfaction with treatment. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of preoperative pentoxifylline (PTX) on postoperative pain and development of secondary hyperalgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy (LA).MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 91 eligible subjects with acute appendicitis referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital of Sabzevar, Iran, in 2018. The intervention and control groups were administered with a single oral dose of PTX (10 mg/kg) and placebo an hour before surgery, respectively. Postoperative pain was measured within 24 hours after surgery using a VAS, and the area of secondary hyperalgesia was measured 24 hours after surgery using the Stubhaug et al. method.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 26.74 ± 9.99 years, and 57.14% were female. Pain intensity during rest was significantly greater in the control group as compared to the PTX group 24 hours after surgery (VAS scores 2.19 ± 0.49 and 3.13 ± 0.66, respectively; P < 0.001). Moreover, pain intensity during cough was substantially lower in the PTX group compared with the control group 24 hours after surgery (VAS scores 2.65 ± 1.90 and 4.10 ± 2.60, respectively; P = 0.003 in turn). The dynamic hyperalgesia was significantly greater in the control group as compared with the PTX group (3.80 ± 1.82 and 7.43 ± 2.38, respectively; P < 0.001).ConclusionsFindings suggest that oral administration of PTX 1 hour before surgery in patients undergoing LA can reduce postoperative pain in patients and prevent secondary hyperalgesia at a surgical site.
The Emotional Dysregulation Questionnaire: Development and comparative analysis
Authors: Gill Duncan , Warburton Wayne , Sweller Naomi , Beath Ken , Humburg Peter 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesA widely used measure of emotion dysregulation, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), may insufficiently cover a number of potentially important aspects of emotional dysregulation. A new measure of emotional dysregulation, the Emotional Dysregulation Questionnaire (EDQ) was therefore developed based upon an eight‐factor model of the construct.Design and MethodThe DERS and the EDQ were administered to a community sample (N = 362; 183 female, 179 male), along with a number of measures of psychopathology associated with emotional dysregulation. The capacity of the EDQ and the DERS to account for the emotional dysregulation associated with these different types of psychopathology was then compared.ResultsIn several of the psychopathologies examined, the EDQ could account for more variation than the DERS, suggesting that it more comprehensively assessed the emotion regulation deficits associated with these issues.ConclusionsResults suggest the EDQ possesses several advantages relative to the DERS, allowing for a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of emotional dysregulation.Practitioner points

Emotional dysregulation is a common component of many psychological disorders.

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale is one of the primary self‐report measures used to asses these difficulties, however, concerns exist that it may not comprehensively assess the construct of emotional dysregulation.

A new self‐report measure of comparable length, the Emotional Dysregulation Questionnaire has been developed, with this new measure possessing several advantages relative to the DERS with regard to the assessment of emotional dysregulation.

The use of this measure in clinical practice may more accurately identify the emotion regulation deficits present in clients.
Volatiles from the fungal phytopathogen Penicillium aurantiogriseum modulate root metabolism and architecture through proteome resetting
Authors: García‐Gómez Pablo , Bahaji Abdellatif , Gámez‐Arcas Samuel , Muñoz Francisco José , Sánchez‐López Ángela María , Almagro Goizeder , Baroja‐Fernández Edurne , Ameztoy Kinia , De Diego Nuria , Ugena Lydia , Spíchal Lukáš , Doležal Karel , Hajirezaei Mohammad‐Reza , Romero Luis C. , García Irene , Pozueta‐Romero Javier 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVolatile compounds (VCs) emitted by the fungal phytopathogen Penicillium aurantiogriseum promote root growth and developmental changes in Arabidopsis. Here we characterised the metabolic and molecular responses of roots to fungal volatiles. Proteomic analyses revealed that these compounds reduce the levels of aquaporins, the iron carrier IRT1 and apoplastic peroxidases. Fungal VCs also increased the levels of enzymes involved in the production of mevalonate (MVA)‐derived isoprenoids, nitrogen assimilation and conversion of methionine to ethylene and cyanide. Consistently, fungal VC‐treated roots accumulated high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), MVA‐derived cytokinins, ethylene, cyanide and long‐distance nitrogen transport amino acids. qRT‐PCR analyses showed that many proteins differentially expressed by fungal VCs are encoded by VC non‐responsive genes. Expression patterns of hormone reporters and developmental characterisation of mutants provided evidence for the involvement of cyanide scavenging and enhanced auxin, ethylene, cytokinin and H2O2 signalling in the root architecture changes promoted by fungal VCs. Our findings show that VCs from P. aurantiogriseum modify root metabolism and architecture, and improve nutrient and water use efficiencies through transcriptionally and non‐transcriptionally regulated proteome resetting mechanisms. Some of these mechanisms are subject to long‐distance regulation by photosynthesis and differ from those triggered by VCs emitted by beneficial microorganisms.
Unveiling the shade nature of cyanic leaves: A view from the “blue absorbing side” of anthocyanins
Authors: Landi Marco , Agati Giovanni , Fini Alessio , Guidi Lucia , Sebastiani Federico , Tattini Massimiliano 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnthocyanins have long been suggested as having great potential in offering photoprotection to plants facing high light irradiance. Nonetheless, their effective ability in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from supernumerary photons has been questioned by some authors, based upon the inexact belief that anthocyanins almost exclusively absorb green photons, which are poorly absorbed by chlorophylls. Here we focus on the blue light absorbing features of anthocyanins, a neglected issue in anthocyanin research. Anthocyanins effectively absorb blue photons: the absorbance of blue relative to green photons increases from tri‐ to mono‐hydroxy B‐ring substituted structures, reaching up to 50% of green photons absorption. We offer a comprehensive picture of the molecular events activated by low blue‐light availability, extending our previous analysis in purple and green basil, which we suggest to be responsible for the “shade syndrome” displayed by cyanic leaves. While purple leaves display overexpression of genes promoting chlorophyll biosynthesis and light harvesting, in green leaves it is the genes involved in the stability/repair of photosystems that are largely overexpressed. As a corollary, this adds further support to the view of an effective photoprotective role of anthocyanins. We discuss the profound morpho‐anatomical adjustments imposed by the epidermal anthocyanin shield, which reflect adjustments in light harvesting capacity under imposed shade and make complex the analysis of the photosynthetic performance of cyanic versus acyanic leaves.
Exploring the role of sexual experiences in on‐again/off‐again dating relationships
Authors: Dailey René M. , Zhang Zhengyu , Kearns Kyle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs an important dimension of romantic relationships, sexual activity has received little attention in research on on‐again/off‐again (on–off) relationships. Study 1 assessed the prevalence and perceptions of sexual experiences in on–off relationships as compared to non‐cyclical relationships (those without a history of breakups and renewals); furthermore, current and post‐dissolution (PD) relationships were assessed. Findings showed that on–off partners were four times more likely to engage in sex after breakups than non‐cyclical partners (55 vs. 13%). Results also suggested that on–off partners' perceptions of PD sexual experiences were more satisfying, more compatible, and less stressful than were non‐cyclical partners'. Using longitudinal data, Study 2 showed that PD sex was linked with reconciling the relationship. Conclusions from these findings and future directions are discussed.
Radiotherapy treatment for lung cancer: Current status and future directions
Authors: Vinod Shalini K. , Hau Eric 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTRadiotherapy is an important modality used for the treatment of lung cancer. Seventy‐seven percent of all patients with lung cancer have an evidence‐based indication for radiotherapy, although it is often underutilized. Radiotherapy can be used as curative or palliative treatment across all stages of disease. Technological advances have allowed better radiotherapy targeting of tumours and reduced incidental irradiation of surrounding normal tissues. This has expanded the indications for radiotherapy in lung cancer and improved outcomes both in terms of increasing survival and reducing toxicity. This review examines the current role of radiotherapy in lung cancer, discusses the evidence behind this and identifies future directions in the radiotherapy treatment of lung cancer.
Application of Whole‐Genome Sequences and Machine Learning in Source Attribution of Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Munck Nanna , Njage Patrick Murigu Kamau , Leekitcharoenphon Pimlapas , Litrup Eva , Hald Tine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrevention of the emergence and spread of foodborne diseases is an important prerequisite for the improvement of public health. Source attribution models link sporadic human cases of a specific illness to food sources and animal reservoirs. With the next generation sequencing technology, it is possible to develop novel source attribution models. We investigated the potential of machine learning to predict the animal reservoir from which a bacterial strain isolated from a human salmonellosis case originated based on whole‐genome sequencing. Machine learning methods recognize patterns in large and complex data sets and use this knowledge to build models. The model learns patterns associated with genetic variations in bacteria isolated from the different animal reservoirs. We selected different machine learning algorithms to predict sources of human salmonellosis cases and trained the model with Danish Salmonella Typhimurium isolates sampled from broilers (n = 34), cattle (n = 2), ducks (n = 11), layers (n = 4), and pigs (n = 159). Using cgMLST as input features, the model yielded an average accuracy of 0.783 (95% CI: 0.77–0.80) in the source prediction for the random forest and 0.933 (95% CI: 0.92–0.94) for the logit boost algorithm. Logit boost algorithm was most accurate (valid accuracy: 92%, CI: 0.8706–0.9579) and predicted the origin of 81% of the domestic sporadic human salmonellosis cases. The most important source was Danish produced pigs (53%) followed by imported pigs (16%), imported broilers (6%), imported ducks (2%), Danish produced layers (2%), Danish produced cattle and imported cattle (<1%) while 18% was not predicted. Machine learning has potential for improving source attribution modeling based on sequence data. Results of such models can inform risk managers to identify and prioritize food safety interventions.
Light‐intensity physical activity derived from count or activity types is differently associated with adiposity markers
Authors: Lund Rasmussen Charlotte , Johansson Melker Staffan , Crowley Patrick , Fjeldstad Hendriksen Peter , Skotte Jørgen , Gupta Nidhi , Holtermann Andreas 
Published: June 2020

AimThe aim of this study was to compare the association between count‐ and activity type–based definitions of light‐intensity physical activity (LIPA) and adiposity markers.MethodsA total of 516 Danish workers participated in 1‐4 days of hip‐ and thigh‐based accelerometer measurements. Three definitions of average daily time spent in LIPA were derived:LIPA(1) time spent between 100 and 2029 CPM,LIPA(2) time spent moving and slow walking, andLIPA(3) time spent moving, walking slow, and standing. Adiposity markers were body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist circumference. The cross‐sectional association between the three LIPA definitions and adiposity markers was analyzed and interpreted using compositional regression models followed by reallocation of time between LIPA, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior (SB), respectively.ResultsThe geometric means of daily time (min/day) spent in LIPA 1, LIPA 2, and LIPA 3 were 326, 102, and 274, respectively. We found the direction and strength of the association between the relative importance of daily time spent in LIPA and the adiposity markers to depend on the LIPA definition. For example, reallocating 30 minutes from MVPA to LIPA 1, LIPA 2 and LIPA 3 were associated with a 2.97 (95% CI: 0.68; 5.27), −0.71 (95% CI: −1.43; 0.02), and −0.45 (95% CI: −1.01; 0.11) difference in BMI, respectively.ConclusionOur findings highlight the need for caution when comparing results from studies using different definitions of LIPA.
The City Under COVID‐19: Podcasting As Digital Methodology
Authors: Rogers Dallas , Herbert Miles , Whitzman Carolyn , McCann Eugene , Maginn Paul J. , Watts Beth , Alam Ashraful , Pill Madeleine , Keil Roger , Dreher Tanja , Novacevski Matt , Byrne Jason , Osborne Natalie , Büdenbender Mirjam , Alizadeh Tooran , Murray Kate , Dombroski Kelly , Prasad Deepti , Connolly Creighton , Kass Amanda , Dale Emma , Murray Cameron , Caldis Susan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis critical commentary reflects on a rapidly mobilised international podcast project, in which 25 urban scholars from around the world provided audio recordings about their cities during COVID‐19. New digital tools are increasing the speeds, formats and breadth of the research and communication mediums available to researchers. Voice recorders on mobile phones and digital audio editing on laptops allows researchers to collaborate in new ways, and this podcast project pushed at the boundaries of what a research method and community might be. Many of those who provided short audio 'reports from the field' recorded on their mobile phones were struggling to make sense of their experience in their city during COVID‐19. The substantive sections of this commentary discuss the digital methodology opportunities that podcasting affords geographical scholarship. In this case the methodology includes the curated production of the podcast and critical reflection on the podcast process through collaborative writing. Then putting this methodology into action some limited reflections on cities under COVID‐19 lockdown and social distancing initiatives around the world are provided to demonstrate the utility and limitations of this method.
Early experience with convalescent plasma as immunotherapy for COVID‐19 in China: Knowns and unknowns
Authors: Chen Binzhen , Xia Rong 
Published: June 2020

Background and objectivesIn the absence of a vaccine or specific drug treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), attention has been shifted in China to the possible therapeutic use of convalescent plasma. COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is currently under investigation. We summarized clinical studies and other research data available as of 5 May 2020 on CCP therapy according to the Clinical Treatment Guideline of COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma in China, as well as clinical experience at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, as part of a comprehensive anti‐epidemic strategy.Materials and methodsAs of 5 May 2020, when the epidemic was well‐controlled in China, healthcare databases and sources of English literature relating to convalescent plasma were searched and reviewed. Sources of clinical and methodological heterogeneity were identified.ResultsAs of 5 May 2020, up to 2000 samples of CCP had been collected across China and administered to 700 COVID‐19 patients. From donors, 200–400 ml of plasma was collected at each donation, with antibody titres > 1:160. We identified three clinical studies for COVID‐19 in China. Analyses showed a statistically significant improvement in clinical outcomes compared with untreated cases (P < 0.001). No adverse effects were reported.ConclusionFrom initial studies, convalescent plasma therapy appears effective and safe for COVID‐19. However, there is clearly a need for well‐designed RCTs (randomized controlled trials) or other formal studies to further evaluate the efficacy and any potential adverse effects of CCP.
A review of epigenetic regulation in wound healing: Implications for the future of wound care
Authors: Lewis Christopher J. , Stevenson Andrew , Fear Mark W. , Wood Fiona M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEpigenetic regulatory mechanisms are essential for maintaining skin homeostasis and aid in the processes of wound healing. The nucleus co‐ordinates gene expression using epigenetic regulatory mechanisms based on distinct chromatin structural states and their remodeling. These include DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, post‐translational histone modifications, ATP‐dependent chromatin remodeling and higher‐order chromatin structure and 3D genome organization. Epigenetic pathways play a key role in co‐ordinating the behavior and activity of the multitude of cell types seen during skin repair, and research is now focusing on how wound healing can be modulated by altering the activity of certain reparative genes. Herein, we aim to highlight recent advances in understanding epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, with particular reference to those involved in keratinocyte and fibroblast biology. We also propose future directions for exploration of epigenetic mechanisms, and their potential clinical applications in acute wound care.