bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameterization of the COM-Poisson Distribution through the Mean Using Spectral Algorithms for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Adeniyi Isaac Adeola , Shobanke Dolapo Abidemi , Edogbanya Helen Olaronke 
Published: December 2019

The Poisson regression is popularly used to model count data. However, real data often do not satisfy the assumption of equality of the mean and variance which is an important property of the Poisson distribution. The Poisson â€“ Gamma (Negative binomial) distribution and the recent Conway-Maxwell-Poisson (COM-Poisson) distributions are some of the proposed models for over- and under-dispersion respectively. Nevertheless, the parameterization of the COM-Poisson distribution still remains a major challenge in practice as the location parameter of the original COM-Poisson distribution rarely represents the mean of the distribution. As a result, this paper proposes a new parameterization of the COM-Poisson distribution via the central location (mean) so that more easily-interpretable models and results can be obtained.Â The parameterization involves solving nonlinear equations which do not have analytical solutions. The nonlinear equations are solved using the efficient and fast derivative free spectral algorithm. Implementation of the parameterization in R (R Core Team, 2018) is used to present useful numerical results concerning the relationship between the mean of the COM-Poisson distribution and the location parameter in the original COM-Poisson parameterization. The proposed technique is further used to fit COM-Poisson probability models to real life datasets. It was found that obtaining estimates via this parameterization makes the estimation easier and faster compared to directly maximizing the likelihood function of the standard COM-Poisson distribution.
Prevalencia De Fracturas Faciales Atendidas En El Servicio De Cirugía Maxilofacial Del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín HCAM Entre Los Años 2013 Y 2018
Authors: Salazar Erazo Juan Diego 
Published: December 2019

El trauma se define como una lesión física generada por la aplicación de una fuerza externa, en contra del cuerpo humano, dentro es esto al trauma facial se considera una de las patologías más frecuentemente tratadas en los departamentos de cirugía oral y maxilofacial, representando estos la mayor parte de los pacientes que han sufrido algún tipo de traumatismo convirtiendo a este en un problema trascendental para salud pública. Las lesiones faciales son traumatismos que en raras ocasiones llegan a ser fatales, pero se los considera complicadas por su cercanía a estructuras anatómicas importantes, los cuales se pueden ver afectados por el traumatismo en primer lugar, dejando secuelas que en ocasiones resultan imposibles de solucionar.
El objetivo de este estudio es establecer la frecuencia de las fracturas del macizo facial así como su etiología y relación con la edad, genero, frecuencia, localización anatómica en los pacientes tratados en el servicio de maxilofacial del hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, para así poder aportar información estadística real y actualizada en base a la magnitud, naturaleza, causas y manejo de la fracturas faciales en el ámbito regional y así proveer una mejor percepción del trauma maxilofacial y su origen y así ayudar a la toma de medidas preventivas y terapéuticas.
Un total de 432 pacientes sufrieron lesiones maxilofaciales de los cuales la mayoría se produjo entre la tercera y cuarta década de la vida con una relación de 9:1 entre hombres y mujeres, la causa más común fueron las agresiones físicas (28,50%) seguido por los accidentes en motocicleta (22,20%). La factura más frecuente fue la mandibular con un 32,4% seguido por fracturas del complejo orbito cigomático maxilar con un 28,5% y las fracturas del piso de orbita (14,1%).
ESTRATÉGIAS DE MANEJO DO ARRANJO DE PLANTAS VISANDO OTIMIZAR A PRODUTIVIDADE DE GRÃOS DO MILHO
Authors: SANGOI LUÍS , SCHMITT AMAURI , DURLI MURILO MIGUEL , LEOLATO LUCIELI SANTINI , COELHO ANTONIO EDUARDO , KUNESKI HUGO FRANÇOIS , OLIVEIRA VANDER DE LIZ 
Published: December 2019

RESUMO – Este trabalho foi conduzido objetivando avaliar a resposta do milho ao incremento na densidade deplantas, sob diferentes espaçamentos entre linhas. O experimento foi implantado em Lages-SC, nos dias 20/10/2014e 21/10/2015. Foram testadas cinco densidades de plantas (3, 5, 7, 9 e 11 pl m-2) e dois espaçamentos entre linhas(40 cm - reduzido, e 80 cm - convencional). Avaliaram-se características fenológicas, morfológicas, fisiológicas e aprodutividade em kg de grãos ha-1 do híbrido P30R50H. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste F, e asmédias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey e análise de regressão. A produtividade variou de 11.390 a 18.760 kg ha-1,dependendo do arranjo de plantas testado. Ele aumentou linearmente 923 e 724 kg ha-1 para cada planta adicionadapor m-2 no espaçamento entre linhas de 40 cm em 2014/2015 e 2015/2016, respectivamente. A elevação na densidadede plantas de 3 para 11 pl m-2 não promoveu assincronia floral, não reduziu a atividade fotossintética da folha índice,nem aumentou a percentagem de plantas acamadas, quando se utilizou o espaçamento entre linhas reduzido. Portanto,a utilização de densidades supraótimas (9 e 11 pl m-2) e espaçamento entre linhas reduzido (40 cm) foram estratégiasde manejo efetiva para otimizar a produtividade do milho.Palavras-chave: Zea mays, densidade, espaçamento entre linhas, rendimento. MANAGEMENT OF PLANT ARRANGEMENTTO OPTIMIZE GRAIN PRODUCTIVTY IN MAIZEABSTRACT – This work was set aiming to evaluate maize response to the increase in plant population at differentrow spacings. The experiment was conducted in Lages, SC, South of Brazil, on 10/20/2014 and 10/21/2015. Five plantdensities (3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 plants m-2) and two row spacings (40 cm – reduced; 80 cm – conventional) were tested.Phenological, morphological and physiological traits, productivity (kg of grains per ha-1) of the hybrid P30R50 wereevaluated. Data were assessed by the F test and means were compared by the Tukey’s test and regression analysis.Grain productivity ranged from 11,390 to 18,760 kg ha-1, depending on the plant arrangement. Linear increase of 923and 724 kg ha-1 was observed for each added plant per m-2 at the row spacing of 40 cm, in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016,respectively. The increase in plant density from 3 to 11 plants m-2 did not promote flower asynchrony, did not reducephotosynthetic activity of the index leaf, neither enhanced the percentage of lodged plants when the reduced rowspacing was used. Therefore, the use of supra-optimum plant densities (9 and 11 plants m-2) and reduced row spacing(40 cm) were efficient strategies of plant arrangement management to optimize maize grain productivity.Keywords: Zea mays, density, row space, productivity.
ФЕНОМЕН СТРАХА И СМЕРТИ В ВИДЕОИГРАХ
Authors: Петев Николай Иванович 
Published: December 2019

Рассмотрены феномены страха и смерти в видеоиграх. Необходимо отметить, что в некоторых видеоиграх присутствует специфический нуминозный характер, который влияет на внутреннее содержание этих вышеуказанных явлений. В целом пространство и время виртуального мира игр, отличающиеся от субъективного мира, приводят к тому, что вне страха и смерти у индивида появляется особое состояние, страх и смерть обессиливаются, теряют свою энергию, категоричность. Актуальность исследования заключается в том, чтобы рассмотреть процесс борьбы со страхом и метаморфозы, которые происходят с ним, а также с индивидом в пространстве видеоигр. Цель работы: выявление специфики построения и презентации феномена страха и смерти в рамках пространства и сюжета видеоигр; определение особенностей внутреннего содержания данных феноменов, их герменевтический анализ для получения тех субстанциональных идей, которые отражают суть этих явлений; рассмотрение таких феноменов, как время, пространство, вживание и пр., в синтетическом переплетении, как искусственно создаваемую экзистенцию индивида особой формы. Методы исследования. Были использованы абстрактно-логический, сравнительный и герменевтический анализы для установления основных положений исследуемого вопроса. Кроме того, применены диалектический метод для более подробного анализа феномена страха и смерти, а также элементы религиоведческого анализа. Результаты. Через призму феноменов страха и смерти видеоигры осуществляют прорыв сознания индивида в некую сферу нуминозного (религиозного, сакрального, а точнее − в некую плоскость «совершенно иного» и отличного от профанной). Это необходимо в первую очередь для борьбы с обыденностью, которая ведёт к отчуждению индивида от самого себя. Иными словами, страх и смерть инициируют экзистенциальную чувствительность индивидуума. Видеоигры служат определённым механизмом (методом) борьбы с различными фобиями индивидуального, коллективного и архаического характера, придавая им конкретную (телесную, материальную, которую можно разрушить) форму. Видеоигры являются формой выражения танатологических (эсхатологических, иногда и апокалиптических) тенденций как некий компенсаторский компонент. Кроме того, стоит указать, что пространство, игровой процесс и искусственная реальность этих игр способствуют реализации телеологии, этиологии, героической этики, «бессмертия» индивида и выходу за рамки собственной экзистенции (в частности, в аспекте понятий времени и пространства), используя для этого страх и феномен смерти как инструмент.
ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО И ОБЩЕСТВО: ПОНЯТИЯ, ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Демидова Марина Владимировна 
Published: December 2019

Актуальность. Развитие науки и техники оказывает влияние на структуру и организацию современного общества, что способствует развитию инновационного пространства. Изучение категории «инновационное пространство» в настоящее время ограничено преимущественно рамками экономической науки, в связи с чем исследователями часто не принимаются во внимание закономерности социального развития. Ограничение инновационного пространства экономическими рамками может привести к риску отождествления оценки социального развития с оценкой экономического развития общества. Поэтому требуется определить инновационное пространство с более общих социально-философских позиций. Цель: изучение и определение инновационного пространства современного общества с позиций философии. Методы. Междисциплинарная специфика инновационных преобразований ориентирует на рассмотрение изучаемых вопросов в трансдисциплинарном аспекте, т. е. на основе философских подходов и методов исследования инновационного пространства социума. Поэтому методологическую базу исследовательской работы составили диалектический, культурно-цивилизационный, социосинергетический подходы, общенаучные методы, концепция энактивности. Результаты. Прослежена эволюция инноваций во взаимосвязи с развитием общества. Выявлен основной фактор социально-экономического и социального взаимодействия в инновационном пространстве общества − «символический капитал» как «кредит доверия», т. к. доверие определяет вовлечённость (включённость) людей в социальный процесс. Наличие доверия к инновациям, в том числе социальным, способствует развитию общества. Посредством выявления взаимосвязи модернизации с социальными инновациями автором впервые сформулировано понятие «инновационное пространство общества», определяемое как форма социальной самоорганизации, направленной на развитие общественных отношений, осуществляемое посредством инновационных преобразований. Вывод. Инновационное пространство есть инвариант социального пространства; в связи с социальной детерминированностью инновационного пространства его следует определять исходя из особенностей функционирования социального пространства. В этом случае возможно получение более полного представления об инновационной системе, что в перспективе позволит разработать модели управления инновационным пространством, способствующие прогрессивному развитию общества. Полученные результаты исследования могут быть полезны в социальных, управленческих, экономических, философских науках.
The Role of Emulsions in Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage (SAGD) Oil-Production Process: A Review
Authors: Ansari Shadi , Sabbagh Reza , Yusuf Yishak , Nobes David S. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryStudies that investigate and attempt to model the process of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) for heavy-oil extraction often adopt the single-phase-flow assumption or relative permeability of the moving phases as a continuous phase in their analyses. Looking at the emulsification process and the likelihood of its prevalence in SAGD, however, indicates that it forms an important part of the entire physics of the process. To explore the validity of this assumption, a review of prior publications that are related to the SAGD process and the modeling approaches used, as well as works that studied the emulsification process at reservoir conditions, is presented. Reservoir conditions are assessed to identify whether the effect of the emulsion is strong enough to encourage using a multiphase instead of a single-phase assumption for the modeling of the process. The effect of operating conditions on the stability of emulsions in the formation is discussed. The review also covers the nature and extent of effects from emulsions on the flow mechanics through pore spaces and other flow passages that result from the well completion and downhole tubing, such as sand/flow-control devices. The primary outcome of this review strengthens the idea that a multiphase-flow scenario needs to be considered when studying all flow-related phenomena in enhanced-oil-recovery processes and, hence, in SAGD. The presence of emulsions significantly affects the bulk properties of the porous media, such as relative permeability, and properties that are related to the flow, such as viscosity, density, and ultimately pressure drop. It is asserted that the flow of emulsions strongly contributed to the transport of fines that might cause plugging of either the pore space or the screen on the sand-control device. The qualitative description of these influences and their extents found from the review of this large area of research is expected to guide activities during the conception stages of research questions and other investigations.
C -reactive protein and albumin ratio for the diagnosis of complicated appendicitis in children
Authors: Feng Wei , Yang Qian-Yu , Zhao Xu-Feng , Li Miao-Miao , Cui Hua-Lei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: No reliably specific marker for complicated appendicitis has been identified. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) increases and albumin (ALB) decreases in patients with inflammation and infection. C-reactive protein and albumin ratio (CRP/ALB ratio) has been found associated with neonatal septicemia, inflammatory bowel disease and pancreatitis. However, its value in the diagnosis of complicated appendicitis has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of CRP/ALB ratio for predicting complicated appendicitis in children.Methods: A retrospective study of 232 children with acute appendicitis was conducted with assessment of age, gender, weight, symptom duration, albumin and blood routine indexes. According to intraoperative findings and postoperative pathological results, patients were divided into the simple appendicitis group (127 cases) and complicated appendicitis group (105 cases). SPSS version 17 was used to analyse the data.Results: Of the 232 patients, 118 (50.9%) were male and 114 (49.1%) were female. The age range was 1 to 15 years, the mean age of the patients was 8.30 ± 3.25 years. The CRP/ALB ratio was higher in complicated appendicitis compared with simple appendicitis(p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that mononuclear cell (MC), CRP, procalcitonin (PCT) and CRP/ALB ratio were independent risk factors for complicated appendicitis in children. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of CRP/ALB ratio was higher than MC, PCT and CRP (0.946 vs 0.619 vs 0.843 vs 0.906). CRP/ALB ratio >1.43 was found to be a significant marker in predicting complicated appendicitis with 91.4 % sensitivity and 90.6 % specificity. Compared with CRP/ALB ratio=<1.43, patients with CRP/ALB ratio >1.43 had a 102.22 times higher chance of complicated appendicitis (95% CI:41.322 - 252.874).Conclusion: The CRP/ALB ratio is a novel and promising indicator to predict complicated appendicitis in children before operation，which is easy-to-measure and repeatable. Therefore, CRP/ALB ratio can provide a reference for the choice of surgical treatment for acute appendicitis in children.
Ustekinumab therapy and serum IL-12/IL-23p40 levels for biologic naïve pediatric-onset Crohn disease
Authors: Shiraishi Akira , Ishimura Masataka , Eguchi Katsuhide , Sonoda Motoshi , Tanaka Tamami , Torisu Takehiro , Ohga Shouichi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: The treatment effect of ustekinumab for Crohn disease (CD) that is refractory to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockers has been approved in adults, but the indication for pediatric cases remains elusive. The present study aimed to assess the applicability of ustekinumab therapy for biologic naïve pediatric patients.Methods: Four patients who developed CD until 15 years of age and then came to receive ustekinumab as the first-line biologic therapy were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory findings, treatment history, outcomes and adverse events of the biologics were retrospectively studied by using the medical records and interviews to attending doctors. To evaluate the inflammatory profiles at the time of starting ustekinumab, serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23p40, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent or immunobead assays. Results: All patients underwent ustekinumab therapy because of the refractory or relapsing disease on conventional therapy and the individual reasons including optic neuritis. Three out of four patients obtained complete remission followed by successful maintenance, although one failed. No adverse events occurred at all. Pretreatment IL-12/IL-23p40 levels of all three responders, but not one non-responder or healthy controls, exceeded 80 pg/ml. On the other hand, the other cytokine levels of all patients were indifferently negligible. Conclusions: Ustekinumab was effectively used as one of the first-line biologics for the treatment of pediatric-onset CD. The limited indication to anti-TNF therapies or the elevated levels of serum IL-12/IL-23p40 may be a preferable choice of the treatment in childhood.
Compressive Stress Enhances Invasive Phenotype of Breast Cancer Cells via Piezo1 Activation
Authors: Luo Mingzhi , Ho Kenneth KY , Tong Zhaowen , Deng Linhong , Liu Allen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Uncontrolled growth in solid tumor generates compressive stress that drives cancer cells into invasive phenotypes, but little is known about how such stress affects the invasion and matrix degradation of cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. Here we show that compressive stress enhanced invasion and matrix degradation of breast cancer cells. We further identified Piezo1 as the putative mechanosensitive cellular component that transmits compressive stress to induce calcium influx, which in turn activate Src/ERK signaling. Interestingly, we observed actin protrusions with matrix degradation ability on the apical side of the cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Piezo1 channels were partially localized in caveolae, and reduction of caveolin-1 expression or disruption of caveolae with methyl-β-cyclodextrin led to not only reduced Piezo1 expression but also attenuation of the invasive phenotypes promoted by compressive stress. Taken together, our data indicate that mechanical compressive stress activates Piezo1 channels to mediate enhanced cancer cell invasion and matrix degradation that may be a critical mechanotransduction pathway during, and potentially a novel therapeutic target for, breast cancer metastasis.
Association between the urban environment and chronic disease to identify communities at risk
Authors: Tan Ken Wei , Yang Qianyu , Lean Yin Ai , Koo Joel Ruihan , Cook Alex R , Dickens Borame L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: With increasing urbanisation rates, assessments must be made on the impact of the built environment on the health of populations. As the bulk of healthcare expenditure in developed countries is borne by the elderly through chronic disease management and treatment costs, intervening using the built environment can have lasting population-wide effects. Methods: Using two cohort studies for training and validation, we quantified each individual’s local context based on their residential address and derived geographical exposures adapted from the International Physical Activity and the Environment Network guidelines. Bayesian inference was used to develop a regression model that examines the impacts of the geographical exposures and predicts mean body mass index and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction and stroke by communities. Results: The distance to the nearest retail outlet was found to be negatively associated with body mass index. Our prediction model shows good accuracy (AUC > 0.75) for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction and stroke. National-level maps were generated that predict the health of communities by mean body mass index and overall chronic disease risk. Conclusions: The predictive model has the ability to predict on a macro scale the overall health of a community. Understanding the geospatial distribution of chronic disease risk allows for evidence-based policymaking with urban–specific interventions that improve overall population health.