bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La mise en place des fonds de secours et de la caisse des pensions des députés au début du XX e siècle : une prise de conscience d’un changement sociologique ?
Authors: Portalez Christophe 
Published: August 2020

Cet article aborde deux dispositifs mis en place au tournant du XXe siècle en faveur des députés : la caisse des pensions des députés et les fonds des secours. La caisse des pensions étant mieux connue de l’historiographie que les fonds de secours, très méconnus voire ignorés. L’auteur interroge ces créations sous l’angle d’un changement de sociologie des députés, qui n’ont plus un patrimoine familial suffisant pour vivre dignement une fois leurs mandats terminés, et présente les débats qui ont pu avoir lieu autour de ces dispositifs en lien avec la question du métier de député. Pour cela il s’appuie notamment sur les archives de la questure de la Chambre, afin d’identifier le fonctionnement de ces dispositifs et leurs bénéficiaires.
Differential Effects of Myeloid Cell PPARδ and IL-10 in Regulating Macrophage Recruitment, Phenotype, and Regeneration following Acute Muscle Injury
Authors: Welc Steven S. , Wehling-Henricks Michelle , Antoun Jacqueline , Ha Tracey T. , Tous Isabella , Tidball James G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Changes in macrophage phenotype in injured muscle profoundly influence regeneration. In particular, the shift of macrophages from a proinflammatory (M1 biased) phenotype to a proregenerative (M2 biased) phenotype characterized by expression of CD206 and CD163 is essential for normal repair. According to the current canonical mechanism regulating for M1/M2 phenotype transition, signaling through PPARδ is necessary for obtaining the M2-biased phenotype. Our findings confirm that the murine myeloid cell–targeted deletion of Ppard reduces expression in vitro of genes that are activated in M2-biased macrophages; however, the mutation in mice in vivo increased numbers of CD206+ M2-biased macrophages and did not reduce the expression of phenotypic markers of M2-biased macrophages in regenerating muscle. Nevertheless, the mutation impaired CCL2-mediated chemotaxis of macrophages and slowed revascularization of injured muscle. In contrast, null mutation of IL-10 diminished M2-biased macrophages but produced no defects in muscle revascularization. Our results provide two significant findings. First, they illustrate that mechanisms that regulate macrophage phenotype transitions in vitro are not always predictive of mechanisms that are most important in vivo. Second, they show that mechanisms that regulate macrophage phenotype transitions differ in different in vivo environments.
Immediate- and Short-Term Effect of Percutaneous Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure on Left Ventricular Function: A Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Ezzeldin Dina Adel , Wahba Sherif Lotfy , Sayed Maiy Hamdy El , Roushdy Alaa Mahmoud 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure results in a sudden drop in left ventricular (LV) preload, and this may affect the LV functions.

Aim:
The aim was to evaluate the immediate- and short-term changes in LV functions by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) post percutaneous PDA closure.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 45 patients with PDA who were referred for PDA trans-catheter closure. All the patients included in the study underwent full echocardiographic examination and speckle tracking analysis before PDA closure, immediately after closure, and 1 month after the PDA closure.

Results:
There was no statistically significant change in LV functions by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography; the LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) decreased significantly in the immediate follow-up from 41.608 ± 25.8846 ml before duct closure to 36.317 ± 21.6945 ml. The drop in the LV EDV continued in the 1-month follow-up. The LV end-systolic volume decreased as well, however it took 1 month for this drop to be statistically significant. The LV end-diastolic dimension also decreased significantly after duct closure. Regarding STE results, the global LV strain and strain rate values did not significantly change. The global strain values had a mean of −22.944% ± 3.5128% before duct closure and decreased to a mean −22.028% ± 2.8932% immediately after duct closure.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that STE could be used to detect subtle changes in LV deformation. Time to peak systolic strain is an understudied parameter that needs further evaluation to provide a better understanding regarding its role in myocardial function assessment.
Atrioventricular Plane Displacement on Echocardiography in Patients with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Divekar Sagar , Khese Vikrant , Asawa Madhusudan , Phalgune Deepak S. , Chavan Chandrakant 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) reflects global left ventricular function despite left ventricular asymmetry as it is determined in four different regions of left ventricle. The limitations of agreement between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and AVPD are not close enough for these two measurements to be interchangeable. There is reason to question whether AVPD provides the same information as LVEF.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess relations of AVPD with LVEF and clinical findings in patients left ventricular failure (LVF).

Materials and Methods:
One hundred patients aged ≥18 years with coronary artery disease admitted with LVF were included in this cross sectional study. Echocardiographic examination was performed. Left ventricular AVPD was evaluated by M mode, in the four and two chamber views. Primary aim was to compare AVPD with LVEF by echocardiography. Secondary outcome measures were comparison of AVPD with traditional risk factors, clinical features, and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Comparison of qualitative and quantitative variables was done by using Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test and unpaired t-test. Pearson's correlation was used to study correlation.

Results:
Mean AVPD was significantly lower in patients with severe LVEF as compared to mild, and moderate LVEF. Correlation of AVPD with LVEF, pro BNP, septum, anterior, lateral and posterior wall hypokinesia was 0.895. 0.841, 0.898, 0.911, 0.893 and 0.907 respectively.

Conclusions:
Mean AVPD was significantly lower in patients with severe LVEF. Mean AVPD positively correlated with LVEF, pro BNP, septum, anterior, lateral and posterior wall hypokinesia.
Peran Aplikasi M-Health Dalam Promosi Kesehatan Aktivitas Fisik
Authors: Siregar Ismail Affandy , Rahman La Ode Abdul 
Published: August 2020

Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) meliputi asma, PPOK, kanker, gagal jantung, stroke, gagal ginjal kronik. Penyakit tidak menular merupakan masalah kesehatan terbesar di dunia pada abad ke 21. Salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah kurangnya aktifitas fisik yang dilakukan. Sebagian besar masyarakat beranggapan bahwa aktifitas fisik tidak begitu penting padahal kurangnya aktifitas fisik dapat menyebabkan penyakit tidak menular. Kurangnya aktivitas fisik termasuk pada kategori faktor resiko penyakit tidak menular yang dapat diubah sehingga pendekatan promosi kesehatan dapat dilakukan melalui peningkatan aktivitas fisik. Salah satu upaya promotif dalam meningkatkan aktivitas fisik ialah dengan menggunakan aplikasi mHealth. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan pustaka (literatur review) untuk memberikan gambaran tentang mhealth berhubungan dengan aktivitas fisik dan pengaruh mHealth terhadap peningkatan aktivitas fisik. Berdasarkan hasil telaah dan review sebelas jurnal disimpulkan bahwa mHealth dapat mendorong seseorang untuk mau melakukan aktivitas fisik. Fitur dalam mHealth berhubungan dengan aktivitas fisik yang membantu dalam melakukan aktivitas fisik diantaranya petunjuk melakukan jenis aktivitas fisik, pengingat untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik, motivasi untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik, tujuan yang akan dicapai, evaluasi diri terhadap latihan aktivitas fisik, menganalisa fakor dukungan sosial dan lingkungan dalam aktivitas fisik. Perlu dikembangkannya fitur-fitur yang ada pada aplikasi mHealth berdasarkan sumber yang jelas dan pakar-pakar kesehatan yang terkait oleh pemerintah secara gratis. Kata kunci : mHealth; aktifitas fisik; promosi kesehatan
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI EKSTRAK JAMUR LAUT
Authors: Fadilah Nur , Erawati Erawati , Nahar Hendrik , Dewanto Didit Kustantio 
Published: August 2020

A search new antibacterial compounds should continue to be done as a raw material of antibiotics. The purpose of this study, which is to get kind of marine fungi antibacterial activity and get the value of MIC and MBC. The study was conducted from the sampling sponge, marine fungi isolation, extraction, preparation of test bacteria, antibacterial activity testing and analysis of MIC and MBC. Data was analyzed by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone are formed. The results obtained, that debris ethanol fraction from marine fungi J3 can inhibit the growth of E. coli and S. aureus at a concentration of 100 mg/L to 100.000 mg/L. At the debris ethyl acetate fraction able to inhibit concentration of 1.000 mg/L to 100.000 mg/L. At the filtrate ethyl acetate fraction was able to inhibit 10.000 mg/L to 100.000 mg/L. For both types of test bacteria, MIC and MBC values are indicated by the highest debris ethanol fraction and lowest by the fraction of ethyl acetate filtrate.
MAX-DOAS measurements of tropospheric NO2 and HCHO in Munich and the comparison to OMI and TROPOMI satellite observations
Authors: Chan Ka Lok , Wiegner Matthias , van Geffen Jos , De Smedt Isabelle , Alberti Carlos , Cheng Zhibin , Ye Sheng , Wenig Mark 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We present two-dimensional scanning Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) in Munich. Vertical columns and vertical distribution profiles of aerosol extinction coefficient, NO2 and HCHO are retrieved from the 2D MAX-DOAS observations. The measured surface aerosol extinction coefficients and NO2 mixing ratios derived from the retrieved profiles are compared to in situ monitoring data, and the surface NO2 mixing ratios show a good agreement with in situ monitoring data with a Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.91. The aerosol optical depths (AODs) show good agreement as well (R = 0.80) when compared to sun photometer measurements. Tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) of NO2 and HCHO derived from the MAX-DOAS measurements are also used to validate Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite observations. Monthly averaged data show a good correlation; however, satellite observations are on average 30 % lower than the MAX-DOAS measurements. Furthermore, the MAX-DOAS observations are used to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristic of NO2 and HCHO in Munich. Analysis of the relations between aerosol, NO2 and HCHO shows higher aerosol-to-HCHO ratios in winter, which reflects a longer atmospheric lifetime of secondary aerosol and HCHO during winter. The analysis also suggests that secondary aerosol formation is the major source of these aerosols in Munich.
Misbruik van bevoegdheid in collectieve acties
Authors: Arons T.M.C. 
Published: August 2020

Misbruik van bevoegdheid in collectieve acties. Drie afgebakende modellen van collectieve geschilbeslechting
Een collectieve actie (art. 3:305a BW) vereist een rechtsvordering met voldoende abstractie. Ook gelden er waarborgvoorwaarden over de afspraken met een derdenfinancier. Dit geldt niet alleen voor een stichting of vereniging maar ook voor een BV. Doorslaggevend is of de rechtsvordering strekt tot (gebundelde) beoordeling van de rechtsverhouding tussen aangesprokene en de achterban van eiser.
Het teletestament: testeren op afstand onder de Tijdelijke wet COVID-19
Authors: Biemans J.W.A. , Kolkman W.D. 
Published: August 2020

Het teletestament: testeren op afstand onder de Tijdelijke wet COVID-19
Door de Tijdelijke wet COVID-19 Justitie en Veiligheid is het sinds maart 2020 mogelijk een uiterste wil te verlijden zonder de gelijktijdige fysieke aanwezigheid van notaris en testateur. Dit ‘teletestament’ kent enkele bijzondere voorschriften. Deze bijdrage plaatst deze voorschriften in de context van de reeds bestaande testamentsvormen.
Are the Kalasha really of Greek origin? The Legend of Alexander the Great and the Pre-Islamic World of the Hindu Kush1
Authors: Cacopardo Augusto S. 
Published: August 2020

The paper refutes the claim that the Kalasha may be the descendants of the Greeks of Asia. First, traditions of Alexandrian descent in the Hindu Kush are examined on the basis of written sources and it is shown that such legends are not part of Kalasha traditional knowledge. Secondly, it is argued that the Kalasha were an integral part of the pre-Islamic cultural fabric of the Hindu Kush, and cannot be seen as intruders in the area, as legends of a Greek descent would want them. Finally, through comparative suggestions, it is proposed that possible similarities between the Kalasha and pre-Christian Europe are to be explained by the common Indo-European heritage rather than by more recent migrations and contacts.
Structural Models for Predicting the Difficulty of Multiplication Problems
Authors: Eugene Cromer Fred 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the relationship between problem characteristics and problem difficulty in simple, 2-factor multiplication problems and to determine whether an objective, parametric measure of problem difficulty could be found.The difficulty levels of 168 randomly generated multiplication problems were obtained by testing 238 fifth-grade children. Variables concerning the number of operations, digits carried, and magnitude of the digits were defined, and a least-squares procedure was used to construct several structural models. The predictive power was quite good, with these models accounting for 60-78% of the observed variance of problem difficulty.Possibilities for extension of this technique to other types of problems were also discussed.
How Artifacts Afford
Authors: Davis Jenny L. 
Published: August 2020

A conceptual update of affordance theory that introduces the mechanisms and conditions framework, providing a vocabulary and critical perspective.
Technological affordances mediate between the features of a technology and the outcomes of engagement with that technology. The concept of affordances, which migrated from psychology to design with Donald Norman's influential 1988 book, The Design of Everyday Things, offers a useful analytical tool in technology studies—but, Jenny Davis argues in How Artifacts Afford, it is in need of a conceptual update. Davis provides just such an update, introducing the mechanisms and conditions framework, which offers both a vocabulary and necessary critical perspective for affordance analyses.
The mechanisms and conditions framework shifts the question from what objects afford to how objects afford, for whom, and under what circumstances. Davis shows that through this framework, analyses can account for the power and politics of technological artifacts. She situates the framework within a critical approach that views technology as materialized action. She explains how request, demand, encourage, discourage, refuse, and allow are mechanisms of affordance, and shows how these mechanisms take shape through variable conditions—perception, dexterity, and cultural and institutional legitimacy.
Putting the framework into action, Davis identifies existing methodological approaches that complement it, including critical technocultural discourse analysis (CTDA), app feature analysis, and adversarial design. In today's rapidly changing sociotechnical landscape, the stakes of affordance analyses are high. Davis's mechanisms and conditions framework offers a timely theoretical reboot, providing tools for the crucial tasks of both analysis and design.
Visual Culture
Authors: Boylan Alexis L. 
Published: August 2020

How to think about what it means to look and see: a guide for navigating the complexities of visual culture.
The visual surrounds us, some of it invited, most of it not. In this visual environment, everything we see—color, the moon, a skyscraper, a stop sign, a political poster, rising sea levels, a photograph of Kim Kardashian West—somehow becomes legible, normalized, accessible. How does this happen? How do we live and move in our visual environments? This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers a guide for navigating the complexities of visual culture, outlining strategies for thinking about what it means to look and see—and what is at stake in doing so.
Visual culture has always been inscribed by the dominant and by domination. This book suggests how we might weaponize the visual for positive, unifying change. Drawing on both historical and contemporary examples—from Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party and Beyoncé and Jay-Z at the Louvre to the first images of a black hole—Alexis Boylan considers how we engage with and are manipulated by what we see. She begins with what: what is visual culture, and what questions, ideas, and quandaries animate our approach to the visual? She continues with where: where are we allowed to see it, and where do we stand when we look? Then, who: whose bodies have been present or absent from visual culture, and who is allowed to see it? And, finally, when: is the visual detached from time? When do we see what we need to see?
Gastric Endocrine Carcinoma: A New Look at a Rare Tumor From Cases in Japan
Authors: Iwasaki Kenichi , Suda Takeshi , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Takahashi Kosuke , Watanabe Takafumi , Makuuchi Yosuke , Ota Yoshihiro , Osaka Yoshiaki , Seshimo Akiyoshi , Katsumata Kenji , Tsuchida Akihiko 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
We evaluated the clinicopathologic factors associated with gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) in patients who underwent surgical resection. Gastric NEC is rare, accounting for only about 0.6% of all malignant gastric tumors. Neither its pathogenesis nor its treatment has been fully established.

Methods:
We assessed 10 patients with gastric NEC who underwent surgical resection in our hospital between September 2007 and June 2019.

Results:
The patients consisted of 9 men and 1 woman, aged 63 to 78 years. The tumors were localized in the upper region (n = 5), middle region (n = 3), and lower region (n = 2). The macroscopic types were evaluated as 0-IIc (n = 3), 1 (n = 3), 2 (n = 1), 3 (n = 2), and 4 (n = 1). The stages were ascertained as IA (n = 3), IIB (n = 3), IIIA (n = 2), IIIB (n = 1), and IIIC (n = 1). Radical resection was performed in all the patients. After surgery, relapse-free survival was achieved in 6 patients. The mean postoperative survival time was 63.5 months. On immunostaining, 6 patients were positive for CD56, and all were positive synaptophysin and chromogranin A. Of the 10 patients, standard-type adenocarcinoma was concomitantly present in 6.

Conclusions:
Some patients with surgically resected gastric NEC survived over a long period, suggesting the usefulness of radical resection. In future studies, the pathogenesis of gastric NEC should be fully clarified, and therapeutic strategies must be further developed.
Cross‐Linked Gold Nanoparticle Composite Membranes as Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensors
Authors: Schlicke Hendrik , Kunze Svenja , Rebber Matthias , Schulz Norbert , Riekeberg Svenja , Trieu Hoc Khiem , Vossmeyer Tobias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, highly sensitive differential pressure sensors based on free‐standing membranes of cross‐linked gold nanoparticles are demonstrated. The nanoparticle membranes are employed as both diaphragms and resistive transducers. The elasticity and the pronounced resistive strain sensitivity of these nanometer‐thin composites enable the fabrication of sensors achieving high sensitivities exceeding 10−3 mbar−1 while maintaining an overall small membrane area. Furthermore, by combining micro‐bulge tests with atomic force microscopy and in situ resistance measurements the membranes’ electromechanical responses are studied through precise observation of the concomitant changes of the membranes’ topography. The study demonstrates the high potential of free‐standing nanoparticle composites for the fabrication of highly sensitive force and pressure sensors and introduces a unique and powerful method for the electromechanical investigation of these materials.
Printable Organic‐Inorganic Nanoscale Multilayer Gate Dielectrics for Thin‐Film Transistors Enabled by a Polymeric Organic Interlayer
Authors: Chen Yao , Zhuang Xinming , Goldfine Elise A. , Dravid Vinayak P. , Bedzyk Michael J. , Huang Wei , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere, a new approach to the layer‐by‐layer solution‐processed fabrication of organic/inorganic hybrid self‐assembled nanodielectrics (SANDs) is reported and it is demonstrated that these ultrathin gate dielectric films can be printed. The organic SAND component, named P‐PAE, consists of polarizable π‐electron phosphonic acid‐based units bound to a polymeric backbone. Thus, the new polymeric SAND (PSAND) can be fabricated either by spin‐coating or blade‐coating in air, by alternating P‐PAE, a capping reagent layer, and an ultrathin ZrOx layer. The new PSANDs thickness vary from 6 to 15 nm depending on the number of organic‐ZrOx bilayers, exhibit tunable film thickness, well‐defined nanostructures, large electrical capacitance (up to 558 nF cm−2), and good insulating properties (leakage current densities as low as 10−6 A cm−2). Organic thin‐film transistors that are fabricated with representative p‐/n‐type organic molecular/polymeric semiconducting materials, function well at low voltages (<3.0 V). Furthermore, flexible TFTs fabricated with PSAND exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility and good stress stability, offering a promising route to low operating voltage flexible electronics. Finally, printable PSANDs are also demonstrated and afford TFTs with electrical properties comparable to those achieved with the spin‐coated PSAND‐based devices.
Rapid 3D Printing of Electrohydraulic (HASEL) Tentacle Actuators
Authors: O'Neill Maura R. , Acome Eric , Bakarich Shannon , Mitchell Shane K. , Timko Julia , Keplinger Christoph , Shepherd Robert F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA comprehensive material system is introduced for the additive manufacturing of electrohydraulic (HASEL) tentacle actuators. This material system consists of a photo‐curable, elastomeric silicone‐urethane with relatively strong dielectric properties (εr ≈ 8.8 at 1 kHz) in combination with ionically‐conductive hydrogel and silver paint electrodes that displace a vegetable‐based liquid dielectric under the application of an electric field. The electronic properties of the silicone material as well as the mechanical properties of the constitutive silicone and hydrogel materials are investigated. The hydraulic pressure exerted on the dielectric working fluid in these capacitive actuators is measured in order to characterize their quasi‐static behavior. Various design features enabled by 3D printing influence this behavior—decreasing the voltage at which actuation begins or increasing the force density in the system. Using a capacitance change of >35% across the actuators while powered, a demonstration of self‐sensing inherent to HASELs is shown. Antagonistic pairs of the 3D printed actuators are shown to exert a blocked force of over 400 mN. An electrohydraulic tentacle actuator is then fabricated to demonstrate the use of this material and actuation system in a synthetic hydrostat. This tentacle actuator is shown to achieve motion in a multi‐dimensional space.