bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Iterative Techniques for Polarized Radiative Transfer in Spherically Symmetric Moving Media
Authors: Megha A. , Sampoorna M. , Nagendra K. N. , Anusha L. S. , Sankarasubramanian K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For a more precise modeling of polarized spectral lines formed in extended and expanding stellar atmospheres, the solution of the radiative transfer equation for the Stokes vectors must be obtained in a spherical geometry rather than in a planar geometry. In this paper, we present the modern iterative techniques based on operator perturbation to solve the spherically symmetric polarized radiative transfer equation with velocity fields. We consider scattering on a two-level atom and account for partial frequency redistribution. An accurate numerical solution to such problems requires the use of spatial grids with higher resolution. Consequently, Jacobi-based methods lead to slower convergence rate. The convergence rate can be improved by a factor of 2 or more when fast iterative schemes based on Gauss–Seidel (GS) and successive overrelaxation (SOR) methods are used over the Jacobi-based method. Here we present the Jacobi, GS, and SOR iterative techniques for solving the abovementioned problem, and discuss their convergence behavior.
Lunar Surface and Buried Rock Abundance Retrieved from Chang’E-2 Microwave and Diviner Data
Authors: Wei Guangfei , Byrne Shane , Li Xiongyao , Hu Guoping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Microwave emission of the Moon, measured by the Chang’E-2 Microwave Radiometer (MRM), provides an effective way to understand the physical properties of lunar near-surface materials. The observed microwave brightness temperature is affected by near-surface temperatures, which are controlled by the surface albedo, roughness, regolith thermophysical properties, and the high thermal inertia and permittivity of both surface and buried rocks. In this study, we propose a rock model using thermal infrared measurements from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter's (LRO) Diviner as surface temperature constraints. We then retrieve the volumetric rock abundance (RA) from nighttime MRM data at several rocky areas. Although our retrieved MRM RA cannot be compared to the rock concentration measured with LRO Camera images directly, there is a good agreement with Diviner-derived RA and radar observations. The extent of several geological units, including rocky craters, hummocky regions, and impact melts, agree well with the distribution of elevated rock concentration. Based on seven large craters with published model ages, we present an inverse correlation between rock concentration and crater age. The result shows that the rock concentration decreases with crater age rapidly within 1 Ga but declines slowly after that. These data are consistent with a short survival time for exposed rocks and a long lifetime for buried rocks that are shielded from lunar surface processes.
Unprecedented Molecular Diversity Revealed in Meteoritic Insoluble Organic Matter: The Paris Meteorite’s Case
Authors: Danger Grégoire , Ruf Alexander , Maillard Julien , Hertzog Jasmine , Vinogradoff Vassilissa , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Afonso Carlos , Carrasco Nathalie , Schmitz-Afonso Isabelle , d’Hendecourt Louis Le Sergeant , Remusat Laurent 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The insoluble organic matter (IOM) contained in carbonaceous chondrites has witnessed a diverse suite of processes possibly starting from the evolution of the parent molecular cloud down to the protosolar nebula and finally to asteroidal processes that occurred on the chondrites’ parent bodies. Laser desorption coupled with ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry reveals that the IOM of the Paris meteorite releases a large diversity of molecules. Various molecular families ranging from hydrogenated amorphous carbon to CHNOS aromatic molecules were detected with heteroatoms (nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur) mainly incorporated within aromatic structures. Molecules bearing nitrogen atoms present a significant variation in aromaticity. These unprecedented results allow the proposal that small molecules bearing heteroatoms could be trapped in the large macromolecular network of the IOM by hydrophobic interactions. This molecular diversity could originate from different sources, such as the soluble organic matter, the hydrothermal alteration inside the Paris’s parent body, or even generated during the IOM extraction procedure. It has to be noted that some of the molecular diversity may reflect fragmentation and rearrangement of the IOM constituents during the laser desorption ionization, although care was taken to minimize such damage.
Biodiversidata: A novel dataset for the vascular plant species diversity in Uruguay
Authors: Grattarola Florencia , González Andrés , Mai Patricia , Cappuccio Laura , Fagúndez-Pachón César , Rossi Florencia , Teixeira de Mello Franco , Urtado Lucía , Pincheira-Donoso Daniel 
Published: October 2020

South America hosts some of the world’s most prominent biodiversity hotspots. Yet, Uruguay – a country where multiple major ecosystems converge – ranks amongst the countries with the lowest levels of available digital biodiversity data in the continent. Such prevalent data scarcity has significantly undermined our ability to progress towards evidence-based conservation actions – a critical limitation for a country with a strong focus on agricultural industries and only 1.3% of the land surface guarded by protected areas. Under today’s rapid biodiversity loss and environmental changes, the need for open-access biodiversity data is more pressing than ever before. To address this national issue, Biodiversidata – Uruguay’s first Consortium of Biodiversity Data – has recently emerged with the aim of assembling a constantly growing database for the biodiversity of this country. While the first phase of the project targeted vertebrate biodiversity, the second phase presented in this paper spans the biodiversity of plants.As part of the second phase of the Biodiversidata initiative, we present the first comprehensive open-access species-level database of the vascular plant diversity recorded in Uruguay to date (i.e. all species for which data are currently available and species presence has been confirmed). It contains 12,470 occurrence records from across 1,648 species and 160 families, which roughly represents 60% of the total recorded flora of Uruguay. The primary biodiversity data include extant native and introduced species from the lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms groups. Records were collated from multiple sources, including data available in peer-reviewed scientific literature, institutional scientific collections and datasets contributed by members of the Biodiversidata initiative. The complete database can be accessed at the Zenodo repository: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3954406
THÂN CHUNG ĐỘNG MẠCH KẾT HỢP VỚI GIÁN ĐOẠN ĐỘNG MẠCH CHỦ: ĐẶC ĐIỂM BỆNH LÝ VÀ CHIẾN LƯỢC PHẪU THUẬT?
Authors: Anh Huy Nguyễn 
Published: October 2020

Sự kết hợp của bất thường thân chung động mạch và gián đoạn động mạch chủ là một trong những thách thức lớn của phẫu thuật tim bẩm sinh. Báo cáo này trình bày một trường hợp phẫu thuật sửa toàn bộ thành công bằng tạo hình lại động mạch chủ lên, làm conduit động mạch phổi tại Trung tâm tim mạch bệnh viện E. Qua trường hợp này, chúng tôi bàn luận về đặc điểm bệnh lý và phương pháp phẫu thuật đối với loại bất thường tim bẩm sinh phức tạp này và nhìn lại y văn thế giới
A new method to correct the electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde time response and its implications for “background current” and pump efficiency
Authors: Vömel Holger , Smit Herman G. J. , Tarasick David , Johnson Bryan , Oltmans Samuel J. , Selkirk Henry , Thompson Anne M. , Stauffer Ryan M. , Witte Jacquelyn C. , Davies Jonathan , van Malderen Roeland , Morris Gary A. , Nakano Tatsumi , Stübi Rene 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde
has been the main instrument for in situ profiling of ozone worldwide; yet,
some details of its operation, which contribute to the ozone uncertainty
budget, are not well understood. Here, we investigate the time response of
the chemical reactions inside the ECC and how corrections can be used to
remove some systematic biases. The analysis is based on the understanding
that two reaction pathways involving ozone occur inside the ECC that
generate electrical currents on two very different timescales. The main
fast-reaction pathway with a time constant of about 20 s is due the
conversion of iodide to molecular iodine and the generation of two free
electrons per ozone molecule. A secondary slow-reaction pathway involving
the buffer generates an excess current of about 2 %–10 % with a time
constant of about 25 min. This excess current can be interpreted as what has
conventionally been considered the “background current”. This contribution
can be calculated and removed from the measured current instead of the
background current. Here we provide an algorithm to calculate and remove
the contribution of the slow-reaction pathway and to correct for the time
lag of the fast-reaction pathway. This processing algorithm has been applied to ozonesonde profiles at Costa
Rica and during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX) as well as to
laboratory experiments evaluating the performance of ECC ozonesondes. At
Costa Rica, where a 1 % KI, 1/10th buffer solution is used, there is no
change in the derived total ozone column; however, in the upper troposphere
and lower stratosphere, average reported ozone concentrations increase by up
to 7 % and above 30 km decrease by up to 7 %. During CEPEX, where a
1 % KI, full-buffer solution was used, ozone concentrations are increased
mostly in the upper troposphere, with no change near the top of the
profile. In the laboratory measurements, the processing algorithms have been
applied to measurements using the majority of current sensing solutions and
using only the stronger pump efficiency correction reported by Johnson et
al. (2002). This improves the accuracy of the ECC sonde ozone profiles,
especially for low ozone concentrations or large ozone gradients and
removes systematic biases relative to the reference instruments. In the surface layer, operational procedures prior to launch, in particular
the use of filters, influence how typical gradients above the surface are
detected. The correction algorithm may report gradients that are steeper
than originally reported, but their uncertainty is strongly influenced by
the prelaunch procedures.
Wuhan MST radar: technical features and validation of wind observations
Authors: Qiao Lei , Chen Gang , Zhang Shaodong , Yao Qi , Gong Wanlin , Su Mingkun , Chen Feilong , Liu Erxiao , Zhang Weifan , Zeng Huangyuan , Cai Xuesi , Song Huina , Zhang Huan , Zhang Liangliang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. The Wuhan mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere (MST) radar is a 53.8 MHz monostatic Doppler
radar, located in Chongyang, Hubei Province, China, and has the capability
to observe the dynamics of the mesosphere–stratosphere–troposphere region in
the subtropical latitudes. The radar system has an antenna array of 576 Yagi
antennas, and the maximum peak power is 172 kW. The Wuhan MST radar is
efficient and cost-effective and employs more simplified and more flexible
architecture. It includes 24 big transmitter–receiver (TR) modules, and the row or column data port of
each big TR module connects 24 small TR modules via the corresponding
row or column feeding network. Each antenna is driven by a small TR module with
peak output power of 300 W. The arrangement of the antenna field, the
functions of the timing signals, the structure of the TR modules, and the
clutter suppression procedure are described in detail in this paper. We
compared the MST radar observation results with other instruments and
related models in the whole MST region for validation. Firstly, we made a
comparison of the horizontal winds in the troposphere and low stratosphere observed by the Wuhan MST radar with the radiosonde on 22 May 2016, as well
as with the ERA-Interim data sets (2016 and 2017) in the long term. Then, we made
a comparison of the observed horizontal winds in the mesosphere with the
meteor radar and the Horizontal Wind Model 14 (HWM-14) model in the same way. In general, good
agreements can be obtained, and this indicates that the Wuhan MST is an
effective tool to measure the three-dimensional wind fields of the MST
region.
Ação antrópica na produção de alimentos em áreas de Brejos de Altitude no semiárido do Nordeste, Brasil
Authors: Tenório José Cleiton Souza , Pimentel Ana Karine Nascimento , Alexandre Fernando da Silva , Andrade Horasa Maria Lima da Silva , Andrade Luciano Pires de 
Published: October 2020

Os brejos de altitude são unidades biogeográficas peculiares pois são um conjunto de áreas de florestas úmidas rodeadas por vegetação xerófila típica de Caatinga. O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar a influência das alterações ambientais na produção das culturas tradicionais no município de Garanhuns, utilizando para isso dados pluviométricos extraídos da APAC e do banco de dados do IBGE, além de imagens de satélite. No total, foram coletadas séries históricas dos dados de chuva, produção agropecuária e uso do solo para o município de Garanhuns e tradadas com o uso do programa QGIS e excel para a criação de figuras e gráficos de relação. Observoou-se que as áreas de florestas naturais foram reduzidas de 5% para menos de 1% durante um período de 15 anos, e que as produções tradicionais como criação de gado, plantio de mandioca, milho e feijão estão em declínio. Tal dado está vinculado às mudanças climáticas e aos processos de degradação dos solos e vegetação da região. Observou-se ainda que novas culturas estão em ascensão, como as de produção de galináceos confinados em granjas, produção de Suínos e caprinos, além de culturas como a produção de mel de abelha e a piscicultura. Desta forma, as mudanças causadas pelo homem no ambiente são relevantes no processo de desequilíbrio ambiental e perda de biodiversidade de uma região.
Ecophysiological interactions in species of peacock bass Cichla spp. from the Amazon
Authors: Castro Philip Dalbert da Silva , Ladislau Daniel da Silva , Ribeiro Maiko Willas Soares , Paiva Antônia Jaqueline Vitor de , Liebl Ariany Rabello da Silva , Lima Jackson Pantoja , Aride Paulo Henrique Rocha , Oliveira Adriano Teixeira de 
Published: October 2020

The peacock bass species Cichla spp. are economically important in the Amazon region, being used in food, sport fishing and the ornamental fish market. The aims of present study was investigate the ecophysiological interactions and the relationship to the physical parameters of the water. In order to compare and ecologically correlate the species of peacock bass (Cichla monoculus, Cichla temensis and Cichla vazzoleri) in Lake Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo. The total of 45 animals, 15 individuals of each species, was captured with rod and reel, hand line with natural and artificial bait. The animals blood was removed by means of caudal puncture and the hematological data were determined according to methodology previously described in the literature. The analysis of water physical properties was determined during the collections. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for observations of interactions (60.00%). The PCA of the erythrogram showed an interaction of 86.26%, the thrombogram and leukogram of the peacock bass species showed no interaction. The PCA of the plasma metabolites showed no interaction with a rate of 51.55%, however, there is a tendency in the x axis, where the species C. monoculos presents distinct ecophysiological patterns of C. temensis and C. vazzoleri. In the analysis of the physical properties of the water, was observed interaction 96.59%, where in the X axis the species C. monoculos and C. vazzoleri inhabit exclusive localities. It is possible to infer that C. monoculos presents a different pattern compared to other species.
Long Term Manuring and Fertilization Effect on Soil Properties in Terrace Soil
Authors: Ahmed Firoz , Islam Majharul , Rahman Md. Mahfujur , Bhuiyan Md. Saikat Hossain , Kader M. A. 
Published: October 2020

The study was carried out the influence of long term manuring and fertilization on soil properties. Soil samples were collected in 2016 from a highly weathered terrace soil with rice-wheat cropping pattern at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) experimental farm having five OM (control, cow dung, green manure, rice straw and compost) treatments combined with three mineral N fertilizer (control, 155 kg ha-1, 220 kg ha-1) levels. Long term (28 years) application of mineral fertilizers and manure resulted in significant differences in soil organic carbon, total N content, C:N ratio of soil and soil pHKCl between the treatments. The soil organic carbon content varied among the different treatments from 6.11 g OC kg-1 (application of rice straw and no N) to 9.43 g OC kg-1 (application of compost and 220 kg N ha-1 yr-1). The total soil N content varied among the different treatments from 0.41 g N kg-1 (application of rice straw and no N) to 0.73 g N kg-1 (application of compost and 220 kg N ha-1 yr-1). The C:N ratios of the soil varied among the different treatments from 13.3 (application of no exogenous OM and no N) to 15.1(application of green manure and no N). The soil pH varied among the different treatments from 4.42 (application of cow dung and 220 kg N ha-1 yr-) to 4.89 (application of compost/cow dung and no N). So, long term fertilization and manuring undoubtedly bring some changes in the physiochemical soil properties of terrace soil.
Flexible Solid‐State Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell Catalyzed by Nanoporous High‐Entropy Al‐Pd‐Ni‐Cu‐Mo Anode and Spinel (AlMnCo)3O4 Cathode
Authors: Li Shiyin , Wang Jiaqi , Lin Xi , Xie Guoqiang , Huang Yan , Liu Xingjun , Qiu Hua‐Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs in many other electrochemical energy‐converting systems, the flexible direct ethanol fuel cells rely heavily on high‐performance catalysts with low noble metal contents and high tolerance to poisoning. In this work, a generic dealloying procedure to synthesize nanoporous multicomponent anodic and cathodic catalysts for the high‐performance ethanol fuel cells is reported. On the anode side, the nanoporous AlPdNiCuMo high‐entropy alloy exhibits an electrochemically active surface area of 88.53 m2 g−1Pd and a mass activity of 2.67 A mg−1Pd for the ethanol oxidation reaction. On the cathode side, the dealloyed spinel (AlMnCo)3O4 nanosheets with no noble metals demonstrate a comparable catalytic performance as the standard Pt/C for the oxygen reduction reaction, and tolerance to high concentrations of ethanol. Equipped with such anodic and cathodic catalysts, the flexible solid‐state ethanol fuel cell is able to deliver an ultra‐high energy density of 13.63 mWh cm−2 with only 3 mL ethanol, which is outstanding compared with other similar solid‐state energy devices. Moreover, the solid‐state ethanol fuel cell is highly flexible, durable and exhibits an inject‐and‐run function.
Defect Engineering in Ambipolar Layered Materials for Mode‐Regulable Nociceptor
Authors: Li Mengjiao , Yang Feng‐Shou , Hsu Hung‐Chang , Chen Wan‐Hsin , Kuo Chia Nung , Chen Jiann‐Yeu , Yang Shao‐Heng , Yang Ting‐Hsun , Lin Che‐Yi , Chou Yi , Lee Mu‐Pai , Chang Yuan‐Ming , Yang Yung‐Cheng , Lee Ko‐Chun , Chou Yi‐Chia , Lien Chen‐Hsin , Lin Chun‐Liang , Chiu Ya‐Ping , Lue Chin Shan , Lin Shu‐Ping , Lin Yen‐Fu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDefect engineering represents a significant approach for atomically thick 2D semiconductor material development to explore the unique material properties and functions. Doping‐induced conversion of conductive polarity is particularly beneficial for optimizing the integration of layered electronics. Here, controllable doping behavior in palladium diselenide (PdSe2) transistor is demonstrated by manipulating its adatom‐vacancy groups. The underlying mechanisms, which originate from reversible adsorption/desorption of oxygen clusters near selenide vacancy defects, are investigated systematically via their dynamic charge transfer characteristics and scanning tunneling microscope analysis. The modulated doping effect allows the PdSe2 transistor to emulate the essential characteristics of photo nociceptor on a device level, including firing signal threshold and sensitization. Interestingly, electrostatic gating, acting as a neuromodulator, can regulate the adaptive modes in nociceptor to improve its adaptability and perceptibility to handle different danger levels. An integrated artificial nociceptor array is also designed to execute unique image processing functions, which suggests a new perspective for extension of the promise of defect engineered 2D electronics in simplified sensory systems toward use in advanced humanoid robots and artificial visual sensors.
A 3D Cross‐Linking Lithiophilic and Electronically Insulating Interfacial Engineering for Garnet‐Type Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Ruan Yadong , Lu Yang , Li Yanpei , Zheng Chujun , Su Jianmeng , Jin Jun , Xiu Tongping , Song Zhen , Badding Michael E. , Wen Zhaoyin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSolid‐state batteries (SSBs) promise high energy density and strong safety due to using nonflammable solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) and high‐capacity Li metal anode. Ta‐substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZT) SSE possesses superior ionic conductivity and stability with Li metal, yet the interfacial compatibility and lithium dendrite hazards still hinder its applications. Herein, an interfacial engineering is demonstrated by facile acid‐salt (AS) treatment on LLZT, constructing a 3D cross‐linking LiF‐LiCl (CF) network. Such structure facilitates Li wetting via capillary permeation. Notably, CF as electronically insulting phases block the electrons through the interface and ulteriorly suppress the dendrite formation. The assembled Li symmetric cell exhibited a low interfacial impedance (11.6 Ω cm2) and high critical current densities (CCDs) in the time‐constant mode, 1.8 mA cm−2 at 25 °C and 3.6 mA cm−2 at 60 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, by exploring the capacity‐constant mode of CCD measurement, the concept of critical areal capacity (CAC) is first proposed, obtaining its values of ≈0.5 mAh cm−2 at 25 °C and 1.2 mAh cm−2 at 60 °C. Moreover, the safety‐enhanced hybrid SSBs matched with LiFePO4 and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 deliver a remarkable rate and cycling performances, validating the feasibility of this interfacial engineering in various SSB systems.