bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of the COVID-19 outbreak on children’s behavior and parents’ mental health in China: A research study
Authors: Bai Ruibei , Wang Zhaohui , Liang Jing , Qi Jing , He Xi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on children’s behavior and their parents’ mental health in China. MethodsA total of 30861 children’s parents were selected from throughout China to complete the self-made Child behavior Questionnaire and Child Parents Mental Health Questionnaire. ResultsThe results showed that there were significant differences in children’s behavior scores in variables such as age, whether or not an only child and place of residence; There were significant differences in physical, emotional and cognitive scores of parents in variables such as gender, age, education, occupation, place of residence, whether there are medical staff in family, the relationship with children, and children’s age. The correlation analysis showed that children’s behavior and parents’ physical, emotion and cognition were significantly correlated with epidemic-related factors. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that epidemic-related factors can significantly predict children’s behavior and parents’ physical, emotion, and cognition. ConclusionsThese results can provide theoretical basis for the behavior management of children at home and the psychological adjustment of parents during the epidemic.
Establishment and Validation of a Prognostic Model in Patients with Stage T1-3N0M0 of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC): An Observational Study from Two Centers
Authors: Wu Lei-Lei , Ji Yu-Xuan , Zheng Yan , Liu Xuan , Huang Yang-Yu , Lin Peng , Long Hao , Zhang Lan-Jun , Xing Wen-Qun , Lu Yao , Ma GuoWei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
PURPOSE: To explore the postoperative prognosis of patients diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) of stage T1-3N0M0 using a survival prognostic model (SPM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with stage T1-3N0M0 ESCC from two cancer centers—Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC-A/ training cohort: N = 555), SYSUCC-B/ internal validation cohort: N = 241) and Henan Cancer Hospital (HNCH/ external validation cohort: N = 170)—that had undergone esophagectomy between 1995 and 2015 were enrolled in this study. The primary clinical endpoint was overall survival (OS). We have identified and integrated significant prognostic factors for OS by univariate and multivariate Cox regression methods applied in the training cohort to build a SPM that could be validated in the validation cohorts.RESULTS: The OS evaluation by the SPM was comparable in three cohorts (SYSUCC-A: C-index 0.654, SYSUCC-B: C-index 0.630, HNCH: C-index 0.688). Discretization of patients was done using a fixed survival score cutoff of 136.434 based on our SPM determined from the training cohort divided into low- and high-risk subgroups with stratified OS in the validation cohort (SYSUCC-A: hazard ratio [HR] 1.009, 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.006–1.011, P < 0.001; SYSUCC-B: HR 1.009, 95% CI, 1.004–1.013, P ˂ 0.001; HNCH: HR 1.010, 95% CI 1.005-1.015, P = 0.0017). The 48-month OS in the low-risk subgroup vs. that in the high-risk subgroup was 80.8% vs. 60.9% for SYSUCC-A, 86.4% vs. 60.7% for SYSUCC-B, and 89.7% vs. 64.1% for HNCH. CONCLUSION: We have established and validated a novel SPM that can predict the OS for T1-3N0M0 ESCC patients and could help clinicians to detect subgroups of patients with poor prognosis.
Vector Control Workers and Psychological Distress
Authors: Bernal Chiriboga , Sanyer Ayllón , Jorge Gallardo-Rumbea , Alvarado-Villa Geovanny 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Due to the low cost of organophosphate pesticides (OP), its prevalent use has become a public health problem in Ecuador with an increase in cases of organophosphate poisoning in Guayaquil. Objective The aim of this research is to demonstrate that chronic exposure to OP leads to symptoms of headaches, fasciculation, and psychiatric distress such as anxiety and depression. Methods Through inclusion criteria, workers from vector control of one district of Guayaquil was obtained. The Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI-18) questionnaire was applied for neuropsychiatric assessment through its Global Severity Index (GSI). Results The BSI-18 presented a Cronbach’s α = 0.833, with a 24.94 ± 15.361 mean for the GSI, which indicates the evident psychiatric distress on subjects averaged 41.29 years of average of 6.29 years of working period, and daily exposure of 5.6 hours to pesticides. Besides, none of the personnel use all protection equipment in their activity. Conclusion The neuropsychiatric effects of chronic organophosphate exposure were identified in workers during vector control, especially in those do not use protection.
Survival Factors and Metabolic Pathogenesis in Elderly Patients (≥65) with COVID-19 : A multi- center study of 223 Cases
Authors: Mei Qi , Wang Amanda Y , Yang Yang , Li Ming , Wang Fei , Du Shangming , Wu Patrick , Ma Ke , Wu Liang , Chen Huawen , Luo Jinlong , Halfter Kathrin , Mansmann Ulrich , Li Yong , Zhao Jianping , Yuan Xianglin , Li Jian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundElderly patients infected with COVID-19 are reported to be facing a substantially increased risk of mortality. Clinical characteristics, treatment options, and potential survival factors remain under investigation. This study aimed to fill this gap and provide clinically relevant factors associated with survival of elderly patients with COVID-19.MethodsIn this multi-center study, elderly patients (age ≥65 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 4 Wuhan hospitals were included. The clinical end point was hospital discharge or deceased with last date of follow-up on Mar. 08, 2020. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data were collected.Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to analyze survival and risk factors. A metabolic flux analysis using a large-scale molecular model was applied to investigate the pathogenesis of SARS- CoV-2 with regard to metabolism pathways.ResultsA total of 223 elderly patients infected with COVID-19 were included, 91 (40.8%) were discharged and 132 (59.2%) deceased. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) developed in 140 (62.8%) patients, 23 (25.3%) of these patients survived. Multivariate analysis showed that potential risk factors were D- Dimer (odds ratio: 1.13 [95% CI 1.04 - 1.22], p=.005), immune-related metabolic index (6.42 [95% CI 2.66 - 15.48], p<.001), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (1.08 [95% 1.03 - 1.13], p<.001). Elderly patients receiving interferon atmotherapy showed an increased probability of survival (0.29 [95% CI0.17 - 0.51], p<.001). Based on these factors, an algorithm (AlgSurv) was developed to predict survival for elderly patients. The metabolic flux analysis showed that 12 metabolic pathways including phenylalanine (odds ratio: 28.27 [95% CI 10.56 - 75.72], p<0.001), fatty acid (15.61 [95% CI 6.66 - 36.6], p<0.001), and pyruvate (12.86 [95% CI 5.85 - 28.28], p<0.001) showed a consistently lower flux in the surviving versus the deceased subgroup. This may reflect a key pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection.ConclusionAlthough a high mortality has been reported for elderly patients with COVID-19, in this analysis, several factors such as interferon atmotherapy and activity of metabolic pathways were found to be associated with survival of elderly patients. Based on these findings, the survival algorithm (AlgSurv) was developed to assist the clinical stratification for elderly patients. Deregulation of metabolic pathways revealed in this study may aid in the drug development against COVID-19.
Bayesian phylodynamic inferences on the temporal evolution and global transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Li Jianguo , Li Zhen , Cui Xiaogang , Wu Changxin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread widely from China to the world. Although the viral genome has been well characterized, the evolutionary origin and global transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly investigated. To address this, we retrieved 313 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the GISAID database (https://www.gisaid.org), from which 99 genomes generated from original clinical specimens with exact collection dates from 16 countries were selected and enrolled for Bayesian phylodynamic analysis. Here we show that the time to the Most Recent Common Ancestor (tMRCA) of SARS-CoV-2 is Dec 11, 2019 (95%HPD, Nov 21 - Dec 24). Two clades of global circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2 were suggested by Bayesian Maximum Clade Credibility (MCC) tree. The USA circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2 seemed to be from both of the two clades, the UK and Australia circulating strains were from Clade 1, the circulating strains in Singapore, Japan, Germany, France, and Italy were from Clade 2. Although we have not found any obvious bottle-neck-effect from the Bayesian Skyline Plot of the viral population dynamics reconstruction, a sharp reduction of the lower 95% HPD of the relative genetic diversity was observed from Feb 5, 2020, suggesting a possible initiation of a bottle-neck-effect. Thirteen (6 synonymous and 7 non-synonymous) mutations in the viral genome were observed, including two clade-specific mutations (C8782T and T1844C in Clade 1 rather than Clade 2) and eleven sub-clade specific mutations. All of the observed mutations occurred in the USA circulating strains, except one mutation T18488C only occurred in the UK circulating strains. A non-synonymous mutation in the 3’-UTR was also observed, suggesting an altered RNA replication capacity of SARS-CoV-2. We thus came to the conclusion that continuous evolution occurred in almost all regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and potentially in a country-specific manner. Further efforts on monitoring the genomic mutations of SARS-CoV-2 from different countries are recommended.
Current Trend and Pro-survival Approaches for Augmenting Stem Cell Viability
Authors: Shende Pravin , Gandhewar Nivedita 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Stem cells are of two types: embryonic and adult stem cells and they act as a
repair system by replenishing body tissue. Stem cells differentiate into different types of cells, such as
neural, hematopoietic, adipose, etc. and are used for the treatment of various conditions like myocardial
infarction, spinal cord injury, Parkinson’s disease and diabetes.

Methods:
This article focuses on recent research development that addresses the viability issues of
stem cells. The efficiency of transplanted stem cells reduces due to conditions like hypoxia, inflammation,
nutrient deprivation, immunogenicity, extracellular matrix loss on delivery and mechanical stress.

Results:
To increase the viability of stem cells, techniques like scaffolds of stem cells with hydrogel or
alginate, pre-conditioning, different routes of administration and encapsulation, are implemented.

Conclusion:
For the protection of stem cells against apoptosis, different pathways, namely Phosphoinositide
3-Kinase (PI3K/AKT), Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF1), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
(MAPK) and Hippo, are discussed.

Discussion:
Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway decreases the concentration of apoptotic factors,
while the HIF pathway protects stem cells against the micro-environment of tissue (hypoxia).
Role of Flavonoids in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Limitations and Future Perspectives
Authors: Maan Gagandeep , Sikdar Biplab , Kumar Ashish , Shukla Rahul , Mishra Awanish 
Published: April 2020

Background:Flavonoids, a group of natural dietary polyphenols, are known for their beneficial effects on human health. By virtue of their various pharmacological effects, like anti-oxidative, antiinflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and neuroprotective effects, flavonoids have now become an important component of herbal supplements, pharmaceuticals, medicinals and cosmetics. There has been enormous literature supporting neuroprotective effect of flavonoids. Recently their efficacy in various neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson diseases, has received particular attention.Objective:The mechanism of flavanoids neuroprotection might include antioxidant, antiapoptotic, antineuroinflammatory and modulation of various cellular and intracellular targets. In in-vivo systems, before reaching to brain, they have to cross barriers like extensive first pass metabolism, intestinal barrier and ultimately blood brain barrier. Different flavonoids have varied pharmacokinetic characteristics, which affect their pharmacodynamic profile. Therefore, brain accessibility of flavonoids is still debatable.Methods:This review emphasized on current trends of research and development on flavonoids, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, possible challenges and strategies to encounter using novel drug delivery system.Results:Various flavonoids have elicited their therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative diseases, however by using nanotechnology and novel drug delivery systems, the bioavailability of favonoids could be enhanced.Conclusion:This study bridges a significant opinion on medicinal chemistry, ethanopharmacology and new drug delivery research regarding use of flavonoids in management of neurodegeneration.
Highly Potent and Selective Ectonucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase (ENTPDase1, 2, 3 and 8) Inhibitors Having 2-substituted-7- trifluoromethyl-thiadiazolopyrimidones Scaffold
Authors: Afzal Saira , Zaib Sumera , Jafari Behzad , Langer Peter , Lecka Joanna , Sévigny Jean , Iqbal Jamshed 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) terminate
nucleotide signaling via the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleoside-5'-triphosphate and nucleoside-
5'-diphosphate, to nucleoside-5'-monophosphate and composed of eight Ca2+/Mg2+ dependent
ectonucleotidases (NTPDase1-8). Extracellular nucleotides are involved in a variety of
physiological mechanisms. However, they are rapidly inactivated by ectonucleotidases that are involved
in the sequential removal of phosphate group from nucleotides with the release of inorganic
phosphate and their respective nucleoside. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases
(NTPDases) represent the key enzymes responsible for nucleotides hydrolysis and their overexpression
has been related to certain pathological conditions. Therefore, the inhibitors of NTPDases
are of particular importance in order to investigate their potential to treat various diseases e.g.,
cancer, ischemia and other disorders of the cardiovascular and immune system.

Methods:
Keeping in view the importance of NTPDase inhibitors, a series of thiadiazolopyrimidones
were evaluated for their potential inhibitory activity towards NTPDases by the malachite green
assay.

Results:
The results suggested that some of the compounds were found as non-selective inhibitors
of isozyme of NTPDases, however, most of the compounds act as potent and selective inhibitors.
In case of substituted amino derivatives (4c-m), the compounds 4m (IC50 = 1.13 ± 0.09 μM) and
4g (IC50 = 1.72 ± 0.08 μM) were found to be the most potent inhibitors of h-NTPDase1 and 2, respectively.
Whereas, compound 4d showed the best inhibitory potential for both h-NTPDase3
(IC50 = 1.25 ± 0.06 μM) and h-NTPDase8 (0.21 ± 0.02 μM). Among 5a-t derivatives, compounds
5e (IC50 = 2.52 ± 0.15 μM), 5p (IC50 = 3.17 ± 0.05 μM), 5n (IC50 = 1.22 ± 0.06 μM) and 5b (IC50 =
0.35 ± 0.001 μM) were found to be the most potent inhibitors of h-NTPDase1, 2, 3 and 8, respectively.
Interestingly, the inhibitory concentration values of above-mentioned inhibitors were several
folds greater than suramin, a reference control. In order to determine the binding interactions,
molecular docking studies of the most potent inhibitors were conducted into the homology models
of NTPDases and the putative binding analysis further confirmed that selective and potent compounds
bind deep inside the active pocket of the respective enzymes.

Conclusions:
The docking analysis proposed that the inhibitory activity correlates with the hydrogen
bonds inside the binding pocket. Thus, these derivatives are of interest and may further be investigated
for their importance in medicinal chemistry.
Early Detection of Behavioral and Emotional Problems in School-Aged Children and Adolescents: The Parent Questionnaires
Authors: Cianchetti Carlo 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
Early detection of behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents is relevant. For this purpose, the use of questionnaires completed by parents is applicable. Parent questionnaires are also useful preliminary support to the clinical investigation.

Methods:
Validated tools for the analysis of behavioral and emotional problems suitable for school-age subjects are analyzed in their characteristics and possibilities of use.

Results:
The following are the main characteristics of the instruments examined. The Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory 4&5, Parent Checklist (CASI-4&5) and Behavior Assessment System For Children - Parent Rating Scales 2&3 (BASC-2&3) include a high number of questions, with exploration extended to almost all possible pathologies.
The Child Behavior Check-List (CBCL) has less items (113), but only 48 refer to DSM pathologies. The use of CASI, BASC and CBCL carries a cost because they are copyrighted.
The Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) has 35 items, but only 17 have a reference to 3 clinical areas. The Strength & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDA) is very short (25 items) and concerns only the main externalizing and internalizing disorders. The Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) has 75 items and explores a wide range of psycho-pathological issues, likewise CASI and BASC. PSC, SDA and CABI can be used free of charge.

Conclusion:
The comparison of the characteristics of the aforementioned questionnaires can guide the psychiatrist and the epidemiologist in choosing the most suitable tool for what is proposed to be assessed, in relation to practicability, extension of the areas explored and costs.
Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Status Among Pre-Hospital Healthcare Staff
Authors: Abbaspour Sedigheh , Tajik Reza , Atif Khaula , Eshghi Hossein , Teimori Gholamheidar , Ghodrati-Torbati Abbas , Zandi Anahita 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
Mental stress amongst pre-hospital Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workers is an iceberg phenomenon; owing to unique occupational stressors faced by them. This study was aimed to examine the mental health status of pre-hospital EMS workers and its correlation with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Work Environment Scale (WES).

Methods:
This cross-sectional study incorporated 224 emergency EMS members from urban and road EMS bases in eastern Iran in 2018. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian version (PTSD-C), and Work Environment Scale (WES) were used as research instruments. Data were analyzed via SPSS Statistics software (version 21); while p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 31.91±6.9 years; 36(16.1%) had PTSD ≥50, which increased with age (p-0.01), number of offspring (p-0.022) and time working at the EMS (p-0.002). Mean WES scores were 73.41±12.27; with a significant impact of marital status (p-0.007), the number of offspring (p-0.023), qualification (p-0.019) and less time working at the EMS (p-0.008). Mental distress was recorded in 89(39.7%) individuals. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that members at higher risk of mental distress were; those with associate’s degree (adjusted OR 3.192; 95% CI, 1.456-6.998), individuals with 1 or 2 offspring (adjusted OR 2.03; 95% CI, 0.992-4.156; adjusted OR 3.380; 95% CI, 1.483-7.704, respectively), and those with PTSD equal or higher than 50 (adjusted OR 2.504; 95% CI, 1.063-5.903), with a reverse impact of WES (p>0.05).

Conclusion:
PTSD adversely affected mental health and clinical performance of the subjects; while work-place environment augmented working spirit as well as psychological resilience. Strategies aiming at stress-dilution and improvements in a professional environment cannot be over-emphasized.
Exploring affective barriers in virtual exchange: the telecollaborative foreign language anxiety scale
Authors: Fondo Marta , Jacobetty Pedro 
Published: April 2020

The technological revolution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has brought about new learning scenarios as well as new professional requirements, such as the development of intercultural and Foreign Language (FL) skills. In this regard, Virtual Exchange (VE) projects provide students with learning opportunities through online social interaction and collaboration (Dooly, 2017); allowing authentic intercultural experiences for students who do not have the opportunity of travelling (O’Dowd, 2016) and promoting 21st-century skills development (Jager, Kurek, & O’Rourke, 2016). However, interacting online in the FL with a person from a different culture can entail an affective challenge for students and might give rise to Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA). FLA is a dysphoric and situational anxiety suffered by one out of three FL students which inhibits communication and learning (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986). Due to the impossibility of finding an available tool to investigate the presence and effects of FLA in VE environments, the Telecollaborative FLA Scale (T-FLAS) was designed. This article presents the development of the T-FLAS, a 21-item questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale, aiming to provide researchers and practitioners with a tool to explore FLA in VE.