bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valorisation of pectin-rich agro-industrial residues by yeasts: potential and challenges
Authors: Martins Luís C. , Monteiro Catarina C. , Semedo Paula M. , Sá-Correia Isabel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPectin-rich agro-industrial residues are feedstocks with potential for sustainable biorefineries. They are generated in high amounts worldwide from the industrial processing of fruits and vegetables. The challenges posed to the industrial implementation of efficient bioprocesses are however manyfold and thoroughly discussed in this review paper, mainly at the biological level. The most important yeast cell factory platform for advanced biorefineries is currently Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but this yeast species cannot naturally catabolise the main sugars present in pectin-rich agro-industrial residues hydrolysates, in particular d-galacturonic acid and l-arabinose. However, there are non-Saccharomyces species (non-conventional yeasts) considered advantageous alternatives whenever they can express highly interesting metabolic pathways, natively assimilate a wider range of carbon sources or exhibit higher tolerance to relevant bioprocess-related stresses. For this reason, the interest in non-conventional yeasts for biomass-based biorefineries is gaining momentum. This review paper focuses on the valorisation of pectin-rich residues by exploring the potential of yeasts that exhibit vast metabolic versatility for the efficient use of the carbon substrates present in their hydrolysates and high robustness to cope with the multiple stresses encountered. The major challenges and the progresses made related with the isolation, selection, sugar catabolism, metabolic engineering and use of non-conventional yeasts and S. cerevisiae-derived strains for the bioconversion of pectin-rich residue hydrolysates are discussed. The reported examples of value-added products synthesised by different yeasts using pectin-rich residues are reviewed.

Key Points• Review of the challenges and progresses made on the bioconversion of pectin-rich residues by yeasts.• Catabolic pathways for the main carbon sources present in pectin-rich residues hydrolysates.• Multiple stresses with potential to affect bioconversion productivity.• Yeast metabolic engineering to improve pectin-rich residues bioconversion.
Provider–patient Language Discordance and Cancer Operations: Outcomes from a Single Center Linked to a State Vital Statistics Registry
Authors: Feeney Timothy , Park Christine , Godley Frederick , Cassidy Michael , Sachs Teviah , McAneny David , Tseng Jennifer F. , Drake Frederick Thurston 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatterns of worldwide immigration have resulted in high rates of discordance between medical providers and the patients they treat. For example, in the USA, 25 million individuals in the USA self‐identified that they speak English less than “very well.” Previous studies have generated mixed results regarding differences in postoperative outcomes between English proficient (EP) and limited English proficient (LEP) patients. Our objective was to determine whether a difference in outcomes exists for non‐English‐speaking patients compared to English‐speaking patients after operations commonly performed to treat cancer.Study designA retrospective cohort study was performed in an urban, safety net and tertiary referral medical center over a five‐year period. Adult patients undergoing cancer operations were stratified as EP and LEP. We evaluated 30‐day revisit to the ED, length of stay (LOS), long‐term all‐cause mortality, and any major complication on index admission. Regression was used to adjust for baseline comorbidities, case risk, and socioeconomic factors.ResultsA total of 2467 patients were included. There was no difference in case risk between language groups, but EP had a larger proportion of high comorbidity scores. Patients in the non‐English group were more likely to be uninsured/self‐pay and live in neighborhoods with lower median income. After adjustment, we found no difference in long‐term mortality [hazard ratio: 0.87 (95% CI 0.52–1.45)]. LEP patients had the same LOS compared to primary EP patients with an IRR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.88–1.10). There was no difference in the odds of revisit to hospital for LEP versus EP, with an OR of 1.08, 95% CI [0.75–1.53] and no difference in major complication (OR 0.76 (95% CI 0.39–1.45).ConclusionsWe found no association between language and outcomes after cancer operations. This lack of difference may reflect local efficacy at treating non‐English‐speaking patients, and health systems with fewer services for LEP patients might show different results.
Personalized Preoperative Nomograms Predicting Postoperative Risks after Resection of Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Golse Nicolas , Nunez Julio , Mazzotta Alessandro , Cano Luis , Bergeat Damien , Sulpice Laurent , Jeddou Heithem , Abdelrafee Ahmed , Sa Cunha Antonio , Cherqui Daniel , Adam René , Boudjema Karim , Vibert Eric 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionCurative treatment of perihilar tumors requires major hepatectomy responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Current nomograms are based on definitive pathological analysis, not usable for patient selection. Our aim was to propose preoperative predictors for severe morbidity (Dindo–Clavien ≥3) and mortality at sixth month after resection of perihilar tumors.Patients and methodsWe reviewed perioperative data of 186 patients operated with major hepatectomy for perihilar tumors between 2012 and 2018 in two high‐volume centers. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the preoperative predictors of morbidity and mortality. A stepwise regression in forward direction was developed to select variables for definitive models. Hosmer–Lemeshow test, Akaike information criteria and area under the ROC curves were calculated to validate both nomograms.ResultsResections were indicated for perihilar and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in 125 and 61 cases, respectively. Severe complications occurred in 76 patients (40.8%). Nineteen patients (10.2%) deceased before the sixth postoperative month. The predictors of severe morbidity were: male gender, portal vein embolization, planned biliary resection, low psoas muscle area/height2 and low hemoglobinemia. The predictors of early mortality were: age, high bilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, biliary drainage and long drainage‐to‐surgery interval.For both models, the p values of Hosmer–Lemeshow tests were of 0.9 and 0.99, respectively, the Akaike information criteria were of 35.5 and 37.7, respectively, and area under the curves was of 0.73 and 0.86, respectively.ConclusionWe developed two accurate and practical nomograms based on exclusively preoperative data to predict early outcomes following the resection of perihilar tumors. If validated in larger series, these tools could be integrated in the decision‐making process for patient selection.
Possible impacts of anthropogenic climate change to the upwelling in the South Brazil Bight
Authors: de Souza Mihael Machado , Mathis Moritz , Mayer Bernhard , Noernberg Maurício Almeida , Pohlmann Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is expected to strengthen upwelling events worldwide, driven by an increase of upwelling-favorable winds. However, Earth System Models (ESM) tend to underestimate regional processes due to their coarse grid resolution, which can lead to local biases. We use a high-resolution ocean model ($${1/12}^{\circ }$$

1
/
12

∘

) forced by results from the Max-Planck-Institute-ESM to analyze the impact of the RCP8.5 emission scenario on the upwelling of South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) in the South Brazil Bight (SBB). We find a stronger Ekman forcing and a higher spread of SACW over the shelf, but this does not translate into higher vertical velocities at the bottom of the mixed-layer in the end of the century. The increased winds’ effect is essentially balanced by an increase in water column stability due to the surface warming. This is particularly important during austral summer, when this process tends to weaken the upwelling. Vertical velocities decrease significantly along the shelf break. Here, the upwelling regime is governed by the Brazil Current (BC) and slight changes in transport induce large responses in upwelling strength. The consequences are increased sea surface temperatures over most of the shelf, although mitigated by the SACW upwelling and kept below global projections. However, temperatures decrease along Cabo Frio. In this region, shelf break upwelling dominates and is enhanced by a local increase in the BC transport. This highlights the importance of regional processes and, more specifically, of changes in the BC transport for the upwelling in the SBB.
Fecal continence outcomes are associated with the type, height, and stage procedure of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis
Authors: Jonker Jara E. , Hofker Hendrik S. , Trzpis Monika , Broens Paul M. A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to analyze the quality of life in patients with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) and to investigate the association between height and type of the anastomosis, the number of stage procedures and age, and the fecal continence outcomes.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional retrospective study in patients who had undergone IPAA between 1992 and 2016 (N = 133). We sent questionnaires to 102 eligible patients (64% response rate). We used the Wexner score to assess fecal incontinence: 0 = no incontinence to 20 = complete incontinence. We used RAND-36 to measure quality of life.

Results
Patients who underwent mucosectomy with hand-sewn anastomoses (n = 11, 17%) had significantly higher median Wexner scores than patients with stapled anastomoses (10 versus 3, P = 0.003). Lower anastomoses correlated significantly with increasing Wexner scores (r = − 0.468, P < 0.001). Quality of life of incontinent patients was diminished. Patients who were older at the time of IPAA surgery had higher Wexner scores (P = 0.004), while the time between surgery and questionnaire did not influence their Wexner scores (P = 0.810). Considering the stage procedures, multiple linear regression showed that the two-stage procedure without diverting ileostomy was significantly associated with higher Wexner scores (B = 0.815, P = 0.02), adjusted for sex (P = 0.008) and anastomosis type (P = 0.002). The three-stage procedure showed equally low complications and anastomotic leakage rates.

Conclusion
Mucosectomy with more distal, hand-sewn anastomosis and increasing age at IPAA surgery was associated with poorer fecal continence outcomes. The three-stage procedure appears to give the best fecal continence results without increasing complications. Furthermore, incontinence reduced patient’s quality of life.
Work-relatedness of inguinal hernia: a systematic review including meta-analysis and GRADE
Authors: Kuijer P. P. F. M. , Hondebrink D. , Hulshof C. T. J. , Van der Molen H. F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Clinicians need to know whether inguinal hernia (IH) can be attributed to work to answer questions regarding prevention and medical causation. This review describes whether work-related risk factors are associated with IH.

Methods
A systematic review was performed in Medline via PubMed until February 3rd, 2020. Inclusion criteria were that IH was diagnosed by a clinician, and workers exposed to work-related risk factors were compared to workers less exposed or not at all. A quality assessment and a meta-analysis using Cochrane’s RevMan 5.3 were performed, including GRADE for quality of evidence.

Results
The search resulted in 540 references. Fourteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which three were included in a meta-analysis, all three being of high quality, including 621 workers diagnosed with IH. The meta-analysis revealed significant associations with physically demanding work (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.56–3.40). Two prospective studies, including 382 and 22,926 cases revealed associations that this was true for male workers with a lateral IH that reported standing or walking for more than six hours per workday (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12–1.88) or lifting cumulative loads of more than 4000 kg per workday (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.27–1.38). The level of certainty for the latter two work-related risk factors was moderate and high according to GRADE.

Conclusion
Lateral IH among males is associated with work-related risk factors depending on the level of exposure to the time standing/walking per workday, or the amount of load lifted per workday.
Volume allocation in multi-sourcing: effects of the quantity–quality trade-off
Authors: Strmenik Kristian , Wall Friederike , Mitsch Christian , Mödritscher Gernot 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe network of suppliers and, in particular, the allocation of a buyer’s procurement volumes is one of the key issues in supply chain management when following a multiple-sourcing strategy. This paper proposes a buyer–supplier model which considers a supplier quantity–quality trade-off reflecting the responsiveness of quality to changes in volume. The trade-off is based on the assumption that suppliers are not able to maintain the same level of quality, if quantity increases and vice versa. In order to model the relation between quantity and quality, a generalized logistic function is used. Considering heterogeneous suppliers in terms of the quantity–quality trade-off, we analyze, how different procurement volumes for a product affect the supplier structure of a buyer in a multiple-sourcing buyer–supplier network. An agent-based simulation is applied which is an appropriate approach to study systems of heterogeneous and interacting agents (e.g., buyer and suppliers, interactions between suppliers, mutual effects of parameters). The results show that in such a network not only the procurement volume remarkably shapes the supplier structure and, eventually, may lead to instability. Moreover, the results suggest that less advanced quality management systems on the buyer’s side may increase the stability of the supplier structure.
Surface-Energy-Balance Closure over Land: A Review
Authors: Mauder Matthias , Foken Thomas , Cuxart Joan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuantitative knowledge of the surface energy balance is essential for the prediction of weather and climate. However, a multitude of studies from around the world indicate that the turbulent heat fluxes are generally underestimated using eddy-covariance measurements, and hence, the energy balance is not closed. This energy-balance-closure problem, which has been heavily covered in the literature for more than 25 years, is the topic of the present review, in which we provide an overview of the potential reason for the lack of closure. We demonstrate the effects of the diurnal cycle on the energy balance closure, and address questions with regard to the partitioning of the energy balance residual between the sensible and the latent fluxes, and whether the magnitude of the flux underestimation can be predicted based on other variables typically measured at micrometeorological stations. Remaining open questions are discussed and potential avenues for future research on this topic are laid out. Integrated studies, combining multi-tower experiments and scale-crossing, spatially-resolving lidar and airborne measurements with high-resolution large-eddy simulations, are considered to be of critical importance for enhancing our understanding of the underlying transport processes in the atmospheric boundary layer.
Sex differences in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot support a tailored approach for males and females: a cardiac magnetic resonance study
Authors: Hagdorn Quint A. J. , Beurskens Niek E. G. , Gorter Thomas M. , Eshuis Graziëlla , Hillege Hans L. , Lui George K. , Ceresnak Scott R. , Chan Frandics P. , van Melle Joost P. , Berger Rolf M. F. , Willems Tineke P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurpose Substantial differences between sexes exist with respect to cardiovascular diseases, including congenital heart disease. Nevertheless, clinical decisions in the long-term follow-up of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) are currently based on unisex thresholds for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) measurements. This study aimed to assess whether sex differences exist in cardiac adaptation to hemodynamic loading conditions in patients with rTOF. Methods and Results This cross-sectional, two-center, combined pediatric and adult cohort included 320 rTOF patients (163 males, 51%) who underwent routine CMR. Despite similar age (median and interquartile range [m + IQR] 23.4 [15.2–34.4] years), surgical history, and hemodynamic loading, males with rTOF demonstrated higher biventricular CMR-derived volumes and masses, indexed for body surface area, compared to females (e.g. m + IQR right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic volume: males 123 [100–151] mL/m2, females 114 [94–131] mL/m2, P = 0.007). Sex-specific Z-scores of biventricular volumes and masses were similar for males and females. RV volumes and masses correlated with hemodynamic loading, but these relations did not differ between sexes. Biventricular ejection fraction (EF) appeared to be lower in male patients, compared to female patients (e.g. m + IQR RVEF: males 48 [43–54]%, females 52 [46–57]%, P < 0.001). Conclusion Indexed ventricular volumes and masses are higher in males with rTOF, compared to females, similar to the healthy population. RV hypertrophy and dilatation correlated to loading conditions similarly for both sexes. However, under comparable loading conditions, males demonstrated more severe functional impairment. These results indicate that sex-differences should no longer be ignored in treatment strategies, including timing of pulmonary valve replacement.
Fibrillation and characterization of lignin-containing neutral sulphite (NS) pulps rich in hemicelluloses and anionic charge
Authors: Hanhikoski Saara , Solala Iina , Lahtinen Panu , Niemelä Klaus , Vuorinen Tapani 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe potential of neutral sulphite pulps from softwood with different yields (c. 58–84%) and high residual lignin contents (c. 10–25 wt%) was investigated as a raw material for lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) by following their fibrillation during grinding. It was found that the lower yield (58–65%) pulps needed two grinding cycles to produce fibrillated fibers with water retention values (WRV) as high as 400 g/g (at the energy consumption level of 1400 kWh/t). In contrast, the high yield (77–84%) pulps fibrillated more slowly, requiring five grinding cycles to reach comparable WRV values. Apparently, higher crosslinking degrees of lignin in the high yield pulps are hampering the fibrillation, although the high hemicellulose contents (21–24 wt%) and the high charge densities (200–350 µmol/g, originating from carboxylic and sulphonic acid groups) of the pulps were expected to enhance the fibrillation. Nevertheless, regardless of the different fibrillation behaviour, most of the pulps formed c. 10–15% of nanosized material below 30 nm and significant amounts of fibrils with size under 100 nm based on the centrifugation method and FE-SEM images. As the pulps were of moderate to high yield and fibrillated easily without any chemical or enzymatic pretreatments, they show promise for cost-efficient production of LCNFs. The nanopapers prepared from the fibrillated pulps showed tensile strengths (73–125 MPa) comparable with the nanopapers from high yield mechanical pulps, whereas the water contact angles (41°–58°) were closer the those of chemical pulps.
Structural Capacity of One-Way Spanning Large-Scale Cross-Laminated Timber Slabs in Standard and Natural Fires
Authors: Wiesner Felix , Bartlett Alastair , Mohaine Siyimane , Robert Fabienne , McNamee Robert , Mindeguia Jean-Christophe , Bisby Luke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper describes selected observations, measurements, and analysis from a series of large-scale experiments on cross-laminated timber (CLT) slabs that were exposed to fire from below, using four different heating scenarios, with a sustained mechanical loading of 6.3 kN m per metre width of slab. The deflection response and in-depth timber temperatures are used to compare the experimental response against a relatively simple structural fire model to assess the load bearing capacity of CLT elements in fire, including during the decay phase of natural fires. It is demonstrated that the ventilation conditions in experiments with a fixed fuel load are important in achieving burnout of the contents before structural collapse occurs. A mechanics-based structural fire model is shown to provide reasonably accurate predictions of structural failure (or lack thereof) for the experiments presented herein. The results confirm the importance of the ventilation conditions on the fire dynamics, burning duration, and the achievement of functional fire safety objectives (i.e. maintaining stability and compartmentation), in compartments with exposed CLT.
Effects of irradiance, temperature, nutrients, and pCO2 on the growth and biochemical composition of cultivated Ulva fenestrata
Authors: Toth Gunilla B. , Harrysson Hanna , Wahlström Niklas , Olsson Joakim , Oerbekke Annelous , Steinhagen Sophie , Kinnby Alexandra , White Joel , Albers Eva , Edlund Ulrica , Undeland Ingrid , Pavia Henrik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUlva fenestrata is an economically and ecologically important green algal species with a large potential in seaweed aquaculture due to its high productivity, wide environmental tolerance, as well as interesting functional and nutritional properties. Here, we performed a series of manipulative cultivation experiments in order to investigate the effects of irradiance (50, 100, and 160 μmol photons m−2 s−1), temperature (13 and 18 °C), nitrate (< 5, 150, and 500 μM), phosphate (< 1 and 50 μM), and pCO2 (200, 400, and 2500 ppm) on the relative growth rate and biochemical composition (fatty acid, protein, phenolic, ash, and biochar content) in indoor tank cultivation of Swedish U. fenestrata. High irradiance and low temperature were optimal for the growth of this northern hemisphere U. fenestrata strain, but addition of nutrients or changes in pCO2 levels were not necessary to increase growth. Low irradiance resulted in the highest fatty acid, protein, and phenolic content, while low temperature had a negative effect on the fatty acid content but a positive effect on the protein content. Addition of nutrients (especially nitrate) increased the fatty acid, protein, and phenolic content. High nitrate levels decreased the total ash content of the seaweeds. The char content of the seaweeds did not change in response to any of the manipulated factors, and the only significant effect of changes in pCO2 was a negative relationship with phenolic content. We conclude that the optimal cultivation conditions for Swedish U. fenestrata are dependent on the desired biomass traits (biomass yield or biochemical composition).
Solving polyhedral d.c. optimization problems via concave minimization
Authors: vom Dahl Simeon , Löhne Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe problem of minimizing the difference of two convex functions is called polyhedral d.c. optimization problem if at least one of the two component functions is polyhedral. We characterize the existence of global optimal solutions of polyhedral d.c. optimization problems. This result is used to show that, whenever the existence of an optimal solution can be certified, polyhedral d.c. optimization problems can be solved by certain concave minimization algorithms. No further assumptions are necessary in case of the first component being polyhedral and just some mild assumptions to the first component are required for the case where the second component is polyhedral. In case of both component functions being polyhedral, we obtain a primal and dual existence test and a primal and dual solution procedure. Numerical examples are discussed.