bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triple Use of Autologous Amnion Graft in the Treatment of Meningomyelocele and Split Cord Malformation
Authors: de Weerd Louis , Sjåvik Kristin , Pedersen Lars Kjelsberg , Weum Sven , Hennig Rune Otto 
Published: January 2020

Summary:
This article describes the triple use of autologous amnion graft as a new procedure in the treatment of myelomeningocele and in myelomeningocele with split cord malformation. The first amnion graft was used as a physical and mechanical barrier to protect the myelomeningocele (MMC) from desiccation and mechanical stress directly after birth. A second graft was used as a dura substitute to close the cerebrospinal fluid compartment. Autologous amnion seems to be the ideal dural graft for closure of an MMC and for an MMC with split cord malformation. A tension-free and watertight closure was obtained. With the epithelium side placed to the spinal cord and due to its beneficial effect on scar formation, the risk for tethering cord syndrome is reduced when using autologous amnion as a dural graft. The regenerative properties of autologous amnion may contribute to repair neural damage. Finally, a third amnion graft was placed beneath the perforator flap used to close the skin defect to provide a watertight barrier and to stimulate flap survival.
Management of Pediatric Distal Fingertip Injuries: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Venkatesh Ashwin , Khajuria Ankur , Greig Aina 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Nail bed and fingertip injuries are the commonest hand injuries in children and can lead to profound functional and cosmetic impairments if not appropriately managed. Fingertip injuries can present with subungual hematomas, simple or stellate lacerations, crush, or avulsion injuries, often with associated fractures or tip amputations. The fundamentals of managing nail bed injuries concern restoring the form and function of a painless fingertip. However, there are controversies surrounding the optimal management of each of these injuries, which has led to nonuniformity of clinical practice.

Methods:
The PubMed database was searched from March 2001 to March 2019, using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords. Studies evaluating children (<18 years of age) and the fingertip (defined as distal to the distal interphalangeal joint) were included following screening by the authors.

Results and Conclusion:
The evidence base for the diverse clinical management strategies currently employed for fingertip injuries in the pediatric population is limited. Further studies yielding level I data in this field are warranted.
Needle Fasciotomy or Collagenase Injection in the Treatment of Dupuytren’s Contracture: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Abdelrahman Islam , Elmasry Moustafa , Steinvall Ingrid , Turesson Christina , Sjöberg Folke , Hansson Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Dupuytren’s contracture is common among older people in Sweden. Previous studies comparing the treatment with an injection of collagenase with percutaneous needle fasciotomy found no differences.

Methods:
We retrospectively compared the degree of improvement in the deficit in extension of the joints in 2 groups of patients who had been treated with collagenase (71 fingers) or needle fasciotomy (109 fingers) before and 1 year after treatment. We compared the improvement of the extension deficit among the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal joints before and after the intervention; additionally, the level of improvement was classified into 3 levels (mild = 0° to 29°; moderate = 30° to 60°; considerable = 61° and more).

Results:
The degree of improvement of extension in the MCP joints was 11° greater in the collagenase group (P = 0.001). The number of patients who had an improvement of >60° (considerable) in extension was greater in the collagenase group (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
Collagenase was more effective than needle fasciotomy in treating extension deficits of the MCP joints in Dupuytren’s contracture in this retrospective analysis. Further prospective studies are required to confirm the finding.
The “Needle-splint” Technique: A Method of Accurate Apposition and Eversion during Microvascular Anastomosis
Authors: Pafitanis Georgios , Pahal Gurjinderpal Singh , Myers Simon , Ramakrishnan Venkat 
Published: January 2020

Summary:
We present the “needle-splint” technique, a microsurgical suturing technique that enhances micro-suturing technique, while ensures finer apposition and vessels walls eversion during the placement of sutures in microvascular anastomosis. This report demonstrates the usefulness of this technique in simple interrupted, continuous-interrupted, or multi-loops microsurgical suturing. It further allows direct visualization of the intra-wall-edges space and intimal sutures surface and could be utilized as a safety stabilizer to errors as it allows optimal vessels alignment while the needle curvature is acting as a “pusher” to separate the posterior wall during knot tying.
Late-Life Depression: A Narrative Review on Risk Factors and Prevention
Authors: Vyas Chirag M. , Okereke Olivia I. 
Published: January 2020

Learning objectivesAfter participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:• Identify risk factors for late-life depression• Evaluate strategies to prevent late-life depressionAbstractLate-life depression (LLD) is one of the major sources of morbidity and mortality in the world. Because LLD is related to increased public health burden, excess health care costs and utilization, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality, prevention is a priority. Older adults differ from younger adults with respect to key features, such as their chronicity and lifetime burden of depression and their constellation of comorbidities and risk factors. LLD likely arises from a complex interplay of risk factors, including medical, physiologic, psychosocial, behavioral, and environmental factors. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of LLD risk factors is necessary to inform prevention strategies. In this narrative literature review, we address both the risk architecture of LLD and several potential strategies for prevention. Our description of LLD risk factors and prevention approaches is informed by the framework developed by the National Academy of Medicine (formerly, Institute of Medicine), which includes indicated, selective, and universal approaches to prevention.
Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency After Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Sun Yuzhao , Yung Madeline , Huang Linying , Tseng Chihong , Deng Sophie X. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To characterize the clinical presentation of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) associated with glaucoma surgeries.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with LSCD and glaucoma who presented to the Stein Eye Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles, between 2009 and 2018. Patients who underwent trabeculectomy and/or aqueous shunt surgery were included. The severity of LSCD was staged using global consensus guidelines and a clinical scoring system, and basal epithelial cell density was measured by in vivo confocal microscopy. Anatomic locations of glaucoma and non-glaucoma surgeries, locations of LSCD, and severity of LSCD were compared.

Results:
Fifty-one eyes of 41 patients with LSCD associated with glaucoma surgery were included in this study. LSCD in these patients uniquely featured sectoral replacement of corneal epithelium by conjunctival epithelium, without corneal neovascularization or pannus. The sites of glaucoma surgery strongly correlated with the locations of LSCD (P = 0.002). There was a trend toward increased severity of LSCD in eyes with 2 or more glaucoma surgeries as compared to eyes with 1 glaucoma surgery, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.3). Use of topical glaucoma medications correlated with LSCD severity, while the impact of antimetabolites did not reach statistical significance. The location of glaucoma drainage surgery is correlated with the location of LSCD.

Conclusions:
LSCD associated with glaucoma surgery has clinical features distinct from LSCD resulting from other etiologies. Further study is required to delineate the full impact of glaucoma surgery on limbal stem cell function and survival.
Waste production from phacoemulsification surgery
Authors: Khor Hui Gim , Cho Irene , Lee Kenneth Rohan Chee Keong , Chieng Lee Ling 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To determine the amount of waste produced from phacoemulsification surgeries and ways to curtail the problem.

Setting:
Miri Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Design:
Prospective study.

Methods:
Phacoemulsification surgery cases were included in this study; nonphacoemulsification surgeries were excluded. The waste was subdivided into 3 main categories, general waste, clinical waste, and sharps. The waste produced by ophthalmologists and trainees was accounted for separately. The mean weight of waste per case was obtained by dividing the total weight of waste produced with the total number of cases.

Results:
The total waste produced from a total of 203 cases of phacoemulsification surgeries was 167.965 kg, of which, 95.063 kg (56.6%) were clinical waste, 63.197 kg (37.6%) were general waste, and 9.705 kg (5.8%) were sharps; 32.193 kg (50.9%) out of the general waste pool were recyclable waste products. The mean waste production per case of phacoemulsification surgery for an ophthalmologist was 0.814 kg, 1.086 kg per case for a trainee. A case of phacoemulsification surgery would produce 0.282 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents in the setup based on the recyclable general waste.

Conclusions:
The average waste produced per case of phacoemulsification surgery in Miri Hospital was 0.827 kg. After excluding the recyclable material, the average waste produced per case was 0.669 kg. Following the 3 R's principles (reduce, reuse, and recycle) in the handling of waste production might reduce environmental impact.
Evaluation of total corneal power measurements with a new optical biometer
Authors: Shajari Mehdi , Sonntag Ruven , Ramsauer Michaela , Kreutzer Thomas , Vounotrypidis Efstathios , Kohnen Thomas , Priglinger Siegfried , Mayer Wolfgang J. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the repeatability and validity of total corneal power measurements (total keratometry [TK]) obtained with a recently introduced optical biometer (IOLMaster 700, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) to a Scheimpflug device (Pentacam, Oculus).

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

Design:
Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Methods:
The inclusion criteria were a corneal astigmatism of 3.00 diopters (D) or less, no previous ocular surgery, no known corneal irregularities, and no known dry eyes. All eyes were measured 3 times using the optical biometer and the Scheimpflug device. The results were statistically compared using Bland–Altman, within-subject SD, and astigmatism vector analysis.

Results:
Ninety-three eyes of 93 subjects were included. Overall, the repeatability of all eyes measured was 0.42 for standard K, 0.40 for TK, 0.45 for total corneal refractive power (TCRP), 0.43 for true net power (TNP), and 0.39 for simulated K. Bland–Altman analysis showed no significant difference between the optical biometer's TK compared with standard K and the Scheimpflug device's simulated K, TNP, and TCRP, the P value exceeding .05 in each case. A difference of >0.50 diopters between astigmatism measurements between TK and TCRP was found in 10 cases compared with standard K and TNP with 0 and 2 cases.

Conclusions:
Repeatability of both devices was high, although measurements of meridian showed a great variability, suggesting that numerous measurements are needed to enhance accuracy. TCRP measurements between recently introduced TK and TCRP cannot be used interchangeably. Future studies are necessary to evaluate which measurement will result in a better outcome when respective measurements are used for toric intraocular lens calculations.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of pregabalin preclinical studies
Authors: Federico Carole A. , Mogil Jeffrey S. , Ramsay Tim , Fergusson Dean A. , Kimmelman Jonathan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Despite large efforts to test analgesics in animal models, only a handful of new pain drugs have shown efficacy in patients. Here, we report a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies of the commercially successful drug pregabalin. Our primary objective was to describe design characteristics and outcomes of studies testing the efficacy of pregabalin in behavioral models of pain. Secondarily, we examined the relationship between design characteristics and effect sizes. We queried MEDLINE, Embase, and BIOSIS to identify all animal studies testing the efficacy of pregabalin published before January 2018 and recorded experimental design elements addressing threats to validity and all necessary data for calculating effect sizes, expressed as the percentage of maximum possible effect. We identified 204 studies (531 experiments) assessing the efficacy of pregabalin in behavioral models of pain. The analgesic effect of pregabalin was consistently robust across every etiology/measure tested, even for pain conditions that have not responded to pregabalin in patients. Experiments did not generally report using design elements aimed at reducing threats to validity, and analgesic activity was typically tested in a small number of model systems. However, we were unable to show any clear relationships between preclinical design characteristics and effect sizes. Our findings suggest opportunities for improving the design and reporting of preclinical studies in pain. They also suggest that factors other than those explored in this study may be more important for explaining the discordance between outcomes in animal models of pain and those in clinical trials.
Pharmacological characterization of a rat Nav1.7 loss-of-function model with insensitivity to pain
Authors: Chen Lubin , Effraim Philip R. , Carrara Jennifer , Zhao Peng , Dib-Hajj Fadia B. , Dib-Hajj Sulayman D. , Waxman Stephen G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Sodium channel Nav1.7, encoded by the SCN9A gene, is a well-validated target that plays a key role in controlling pain sensation. Loss-of-function mutations of Nav1.7 can cause a syndrome of profound congenital insensitivity to pain in humans. Better understanding of how the loss of Nav1.7 leads to loss of pain sensibility would help to decipher the fundamental mechanisms of nociception and inform strategies for development of novel analgesics. Using a recently described rat Nav1.7 loss-of-function model with deficient nociception but intact olfactory function, we investigated the involvement of endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems in this rodent model of Nav1.7-related congenital insensitivity to pain. We found that both the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and cannabinoid receptor blockers SR141716A (rimonabant) and SR144528 fail to restore acute pain sensitivity in Nav1.7 loss-of-function rats. We observed, however, that after rimonabant administration, Nav1.7 loss-of-function but not WT rats displayed abnormal behaviours, such as enhanced scratching, caudal self-biting, and altered facial expressions; the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Dorsal root ganglion neurons from Nav1.7 loss-of-function rats, although hypoexcitable compared with WT neurons, were still able to generate action potentials in response to noxious heat and capsaicin. Our data indicate that complete loss of dorsal root ganglion neuron excitability is not required for insensitivity to pain and suggest that endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems are not required for insensitivity to pain in the absence of Nav1.7 channels in this rat Nav1.7 loss-of-function model.
Physiotherapists' perceptions of learning and implementing a biopsychosocial intervention to treat musculoskeletal pain conditions: a systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Holopainen Riikka , Simpson Phoebe , Piirainen Arja , Karppinen Jaro , Schütze Rob , Smith Anne , O'Sullivan Peter , Kent Peter 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Clinical practice guidelines recommend a biopsychosocial approach for the management of musculoskeletal pain conditions, but physiotherapists have reported feeling inadequately trained and lacking in confidence to deal with psychosocial issues. Although a growing number of studies are exploring physiotherapists' perceptions of biopsychosocial training, the results have not been synthesized. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative studies was to explore physiotherapists' perceptions of learning and implementing a biopsychosocial intervention to treat musculoskeletal pain conditions. A search of the electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycInfo, SportDiscus, and Sociological abstracts identified eligible studies. We included full-text qualitative and mixed-methodology studies published in English, which investigated physiotherapists' perceptions of learning and implementing biopsychosocial interventions. Twelve studies involving 113 participants met the inclusion criteria, and a thematic synthesis was conducted. The quality of the included studies was appraised using the Clinical Appraisal Screening Program. Four main themes emerged from the data: changed understanding and practice, professional benefits, clinical challenges, and learning requirements. The results of this study indicate that although the physiotherapists reported a shift towards more biopsychosocial and person-centered approaches, the training interventions did not sufficiently help them feel confident in delivering all the aspects. Planning future implementation interventions and training physiotherapists through a biopsychosocial approach should focus on adequate training and individualized mentoring related to psychosocial factors, and discussion of role boundaries, patient expectations, and organizational factors such as time constraints and referral pathways.
Does experimentally induced pain-related fear influence central and peripheral movement preparation in healthy people and patients with low back pain?
Authors: Schouppe Stijn , Clauwaert Amanda , Van Oosterwijck Jessica , Van Damme Stefaan , Palmans Tanneke , Wiersema Jan R. , Sanchis-Sanchéz Enrique , Danneels Lieven 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a multifactorial disorder. Pain-related fear and altered movement preparation are considered to be key factors in the chronification process. Interactions between both have been hypothesized, but studies examining the influence of situational fear on movement preparation in low back pain (LBP) are wanting, as well as studies differentiating between recurrent LBP (RLBP) and CLBP. Therefore, this study examined whether experimentally induced pain-related fear influences movement preparation. In healthy controls (n = 32), RLBP (n = 31) and CLBP (n = 30) patients central and peripheral measures of movement preparation were assessed by concurrently measuring trunk muscle anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) with electromyography and contingent negative variation with EEG during performance of rapid arm movements. Two conditions were compared, one without (no fear) and one with (fear) possibility of painful stimulation to the back during rapid arm movements. Visual analogue scales were used to assess pain-related expectations/fear in both conditions. The experimentally induced fear of pain during movement performance led to an increase in contingent negative variation amplitude, which was similar in all 3 groups. Concerning APAs, no effects of fear were found, but group differences with generally delayed APAs in CLBP compared with controls and RLBP patients were evident. These results suggest that with fear, an attentional redirection towards more conscious central movement preparation strategies occurs. Furthermore, differences in movement preparation in patients with RLBP and CLBP exist, which could explain why patients with RLBP have more recovery capabilities than patients with CLBP.
Efficacy of a Mobile Behavioral Intervention for Workers With Insomnia
Authors: Omeogu Chinyere , Shofer Frances , Gehrman Philip , Green-McKenzie Judith 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
Insomnia is often unrecognized in the workplace despite a 10% prevalence. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is efficacious but often not available. This study assessed the efficacy of the self-guided CBTi Coach mobile app.

Methods:
Using a pre/post design, the CBTi Coach was evaluated prospectively in hospital nurses with insomnia. The primary outcome measured was the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) at 0, 3, and 6 weeks.

Results:
Thirteen of 17 (76%) female nurses who worked day shifts completed the study. Baseline ISI was 18.1 (range 15 to 22). After 3 and 6 weeks, ISI significantly decreased to 12 and 11, respectively. No difference in ISI score was noted between weeks 3 and 6.

Conclusion:
Use of CBTI Coach app demonstrated significant improvement in sleep quality in nurses with insomnia without coaching or healthcare provider visits.
Does Depression Mediate the Effect of Work Organization Conditions on Job Performance?
Authors: Parent-Lamarche Annick , Marchand Alain , Saade Sabine 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
The present study proposes to shed light on the impact of workers’ depression on their work performance.

Methods:
We implemented a path analyses adjusted for design effects resulting from cluster sampling using MPlus software
1
on a sample of 1957 workers. These analyses allowed us to evaluate direct and indirect effects (mediation) while taking into account the nonindependence of observations due to cluster sampling (workers nested in their workplace).

Results:
Results indicate that three indirect associations were found to be significant. Psychological demands, work schedule, and job insecurity were indirectly associated with lower levels of professional efficacy/job performance because of their positive associations with depression.

Conclusions:
The results obtained suggest that interventions targeting specific work organization conditions could be warranted.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Mindfulness and Decentering Training in a Physician Assistant Curriculum
Authors: Hoover Eve B. , Butaney Bhupin , Stoehr James D. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Several studies have documented the effects of physician assistant (PA) training on students' perceived stress and life satisfaction. Innovative curriculum design incorporating effective stress management resources may help address this concern.

Methods
Mindfulness and decentering training was incorporated into a first-quarter course for PA students. It included lecture, in-class demonstrations and practice, and out-of-class activities. Mindfulness (Experiences Questionnaire; Acceptance and Action Questionnaire) and general well-being (Satisfaction with Life Scale; Perceived Stress Scale) were assessed precourse, postcourse, and during follow-up.

Results
Students reported a significant increase in levels of mindfulness postcourse, which remained stable at a 4-month follow-up. These findings were consistent regardless of prior mindfulness practice. More importantly, changes in the levels of mindfulness significantly predicted changes in life satisfaction and perceived stress.

Conclusion
Stress management resources can be incorporated into PA courses through innovative curriculum design to help students cope with the demands of PA school.