bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous Sarilumab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis who Previously Received Subcutaneous Sarilumab or Intravenous Tocilizumab: An Open‐Label Extension of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Emery Paul , van Hoogstraten Hubert , Thangavelu Karthinathan , Mangan Erin , St John Gregory , Verschueren Patrick 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis post hoc analysis evaluated the safety and efficacy of open‐label sarilumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who completed the phase III double‐blind ASCERTAIN study (NCT01768572) and switched from intravenous (IV) tocilizumab to subcutaneous (SC) sarilumab, or who continued SC sarilumab in the open‐label extension (OLE) study EXTEND (NCT01146652).MethodsPatients who completed ASCERTAIN were eligible to enroll in EXTEND to receive sarilumab 200 mg SC every 2 weeks (Q2W). Safety and efficacy were reported through 96 weeks in the OLE in patients who switched from tocilizumab IV to sarilumab 200 mg SC Q2W, who switched from sarilumab 150 mg SC Q2W to sarilumab 200 mg SC Q2W, or who continued sarilumab 200 mg SC Q2W.ResultsOf 175 patients who completed ASCERTAIN, 168 (96%) enrolled in EXTEND, and 38 of these patients (23%) discontinued the OLE. Cumulative sarilumab exposure during follow‐up was 273.7 patient‐years. No new safety signals were identified, infections occurred at a rate of 59.9/100 patient‐years, and there were no cases of grade 4 neutropenia. Efficacy—as assessed by Disease Activity Score (28 joints) based on C‐reactive protein, Clinical Disease Activity Index, and Health Assessment Questionnaire‐Disability Index scores—was sustained over 96 weeks of follow‐up when switching to, or continuing, sarilumab 200 mg SC Q2W.ConclusionSwitching from IV to SC interleukin‐6 receptor inhibitor therapy produced no new safety concerns, and clinical efficacy was sustained over 96 weeks of follow‐up. These findings alleviate potential concerns over switching route of administration with interleukin‐6 receptor inhibitor therapy for RA.
Robust nonlinear adaptation algorithms for multitask prediction networks
Authors: Abuduweili Abulikemu , Liu Changliu 
Published: November 2020

SummaryHigh fidelity behavior prediction of intelligent agents is critical in many applications, which is challenging due to the stochasticity, heterogeneity, and time‐varying nature of agent behaviors. Prediction models that work for one individual may not be applicable to another. Besides, the prediction model trained on the training set may not generalize to the testing set. These challenges motivate the adoption of online adaptation algorithms to update prediction models in real‐time to improve the prediction performance. This article considers online adaptable multitask prediction for both intention and trajectory. The goal of online adaptation is to improve the performance of both intention and trajectory predictions with only the feedback of the observed trajectory. We first introduce a generic‐step adaptation algorithm of the multitask prediction model that updates the model parameters with the trajectory prediction error in recentsteps. Inspired by extended Kalman filter (EKF), a base adaptation algorithm modified EKF with forgetting factor (MEKF) is introduced. In order to improve the performance of MEKF, generalized exponential moving average filtering techniques are adopted. Then this article introduces a dynamic multiepoch update strategy to effectively utilize samples received in real time. With all these extensions, we propose a robust online adaptation algorithm: MEKF with moving average and dynamic multiepoch strategy (MEKFMA − ME). We empirically study the best set of parameters to adapt in the multitask prediction model and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptation algorithms to reduce the prediction error.
Biopolymeric Coacervate Microvectors for the Delivery of Functional Proteins to Cells
Authors: Xiao Wenjin , Jakimowicz Monika D. , Zampetakis Ioannis , Neely Sarah , Scarpa Fabrizio , Davis Sean A. , Williams David S. , Perriman Adam W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe extent to which biologic payloads can be effectively delivered to cells is a limiting factor in the development of new therapies. Limitations arise from the lack of pharmacokinetic stability of biologics in vivo. Encapsulating biologics in a protective delivery vector has the potential to improve delivery profile and enhance performance. Coacervate microdroplets are developed as cell‐mimetic materials with established potential for the stabilization of biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Here, the development of biodegradable coacervate microvectors (comprising synthetically modified amylose polymers) is presented, for the delivery of biologic payloads to cells. Amylose‐based coacervate microdroplets are stable under physiological conditions (e.g., temperature and ionic strength), are noncytotoxic owing to their biopolymeric structure, spontaneously interacted with the cell membrane, and are able to deliver and release proteinaceous payloads beyond the plasma membrane. In particular, myoglobin, an oxygen storage and antioxidant protein, is successfully delivered into human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) within 24 h. Furthermore, coacervate microvectors are implemented for the delivery of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 growth factor, inducing differentiation of hMSCs into osteoprogenitor cells. This study demonstrates the potential of coacervate microdroplets as delivery microvectors for biomedical research and the development of new therapies.
Inorganic–Organic Nanocomposites Based on Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens
Authors: Wang Yuanwei , Li Haoxuan , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe emergence of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) has significantly facilitated the development of various fields including chemical sensing, bioimaging, theranostics, and photoelectric devices. Aiming to constructing high‐performance versatile materials, integrating AIE luminogens with functionalized supporting agents is an intriguing strategy. Inorganic nanomaterials have attracted significant scientific interest in functionalizing AIE luminogens via combining the advantages of them both. In addition to these intrinsic features of specific inorganic materials, including high stability, superior biocompatibility, and facile modification, the stubborn spatial confinement effect of inorganic structure provides AIE moieties with favorable aggregated conditions. Representative work and some very first attempts of constructing AIE luminogens‐based inorganic–organic nanocomposites are presented in this review. The sections are organized according to the dimension of inorganic nanomaterials and focused on their construction, mechanism, and application.
FAP‐Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Ferritin Nanoparticles Elicits an Immune Response against Cancer Cells and Cancer Associated Fibroblasts
Authors: Zhou Shiyi , Zhen Zipeng , Paschall Amy V. , Xue Lijun , Yang Xueyuan , Bebin Blackwell Anne‐Gaelle , Cao Zhengwei , Zhang Weizhong , Wang Mengzhe , Teng Yong , Zhou Gang , Li Zibo , Avci Fikri Y. , Tang Wei , Xie Jin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are present in many types of tumors and play a pivotal role in tumor progression and immunosuppression. Fibroblast‐activation protein (FAP), which is overexpressed on CAFs, has been indicated as a universal tumor target. However, FAP expression is not restricted to tumors, and systemic treatment against FAP often causes severe side effects. To solve this problem, a photodynamic therapy (PDT) approach is developed based on ZnF16Pc‐loaded and FAP‐specific single chain variable fragment (scFv)‐conjugated apoferritin nanoparticles, or αFAP‐Z@FRT. αFAP‐Z@FRT PDT efficiently eradicates CAFs in tumors without inducing systemic toxicity. When tested in murine 4T1 models, the treatment elicits anti‐cancer immunity, causing suppression of both primary and distant tumors, that is, the abscopal effect. Treatment efficacy is enhanced when αFAP‐Z@FRT PDT is used in combination with anti‐PD1 antibodies. Interestingly, it is found that the PDT treatment not only elicits a cellular immunity against cancer cells, but also stimulates an anti‐CAFs immunity. This is supported by an adoptive cell transfer study, where T cells taken from 4T1‐tumor‐bearing animals treated with αFAP PDT retard the growth of A549 tumors established on nude mice. Overall, this approach is unique for permitting site‐specific eradication of CAFs and inducing a broad spectrum anti‐cancer immunity.
Beyond Solid Solution High‐Entropy Alloys: Tailoring Magnetic Properties via Spinodal Decomposition
Authors: Rao Ziyuan , Dutta Biswanath , Körmann Fritz , Lu Wenjun , Zhou Xuyang , Liu Chang , da Silva Alisson Kwiatkowski , Wiedwald Ulf , Spasova Marina , Farle Michael , Ponge Dirk , Gault Baptiste , Neugebauer Jörg , Raabe Dierk , Li Zhiming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince its first emergence in 2004, the high‐entropy alloy (HEA) concept has aimed at stabilizing single‐ or dual‐phase multi‐element solid solutions through high mixing entropy. Here, this strategy is changed and renders such massive solid solutions metastable, to trigger spinodal decomposition for improving the alloys’ magnetic properties. The motivation for starting from a HEA for this approach is to provide the chemical degrees of freedom required to tailor spinodal behavior using multiple components. The key idea is to form Fe‐Co enriched regions which have an expanded volume (relative to unconstrained Fe‐Co), due to coherency constraints imposed by the surrounding HEA matrix. As demonstrated by theory and experiments, this leads to improved magnetic properties of the decomposed alloy relative to the original solid solution matrix. In a prototype magnetic FeCoNiMnCu HEA, it is shown that the modulated structures, achieved by spinodal decomposition, lead to an increase of the Curie temperature by 48% and a simultaneous increase of magnetization by 70% at ambient temperature as compared to the homogenized single‐phase reference alloy. The findings thus open a pathway for the development of advanced functional HEAs.
The “Yin and Yang” of Immunomodulatory Magnesium‐Enriched Graphene Oxide Nanoscrolls Decorated Biomimetic Scaffolds in Promoting Bone Regeneration
Authors: Zheng Zhiwei , Chen Yahong , Hong Hao , Shen Yi , Wang Yun , Sun Jian , Wang Xiansong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTissue regeneration driven by immunomodulatory agents has emerged as a potential solution for repairing bone defects. However, the therapeutic benefits are compromised by disturbances in the pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory balance. Here, using magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs) as a template, magnesium‐enriched graphene oxide nanoscrolls (MgNPs@GNSs) designed for combinational modulation of the inflammatory response are reported. First, the different effects of graphene oxide (GO) and magnesium ions (Mg2+) on Raw264.7 macrophage phenotype transformation are screened. The results reveal that GO activates inflammatory M1 macrophages, and that Mg2+ facilitates repolarization of M1 macrophages to the pro‐healing M2 phenotype. With sustained release of Mg2+, the MgNPs@GNS nanoplatform can orchestrate harmonious type 1 and type 2 inflammatory responses. Mg2+ decrease the internalization of GO and downregulate the nuclear factor kappa‐B pathway, which is profoundly involved in the inflammatory process. A series of experiments show that the ordered inflammatory response induced by MgNPs@GNSs stimulates in vitro angiogenesis and osteogenesis through chemotactic, mitogenic, and morphogenic actions. Obvious vascularized bone regeneration is achieved in a rat cranial bone defect model via MgNPs@GNS deposited decellularized bone matrix scaffold. Therefore, the potential of using inherently therapeutic nanomedicine to modulate biomaterial‐induced immune responses and thus enhance bone regeneration is demonstrated.
Neuromorphic Engineering: From Biological to Spike‐Based Hardware Nervous Systems
Authors: Yang Jia‐Qin , Wang Ruopeng , Ren Yi , Mao Jing‐Yu , Wang Zhan‐Peng , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe human brain is a sophisticated, high‐performance biocomputer that processes multiple complex tasks in parallel with high efficiency and remarkably low power consumption. Scientists have long been pursuing an artificial intelligence (AI) that can rival the human brain. Spiking neural networks based on neuromorphic computing platforms simulate the architecture and information processing of the intelligent brain, providing new insights for building AIs. The rapid development of materials engineering, device physics, chip integration, and neuroscience has led to exciting progress in neuromorphic computing with the goal of overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck. Herein, fundamental knowledge related to the structures and working principles of neurons and synapses of the biological nervous system is reviewed. An overview is then provided on the development of neuromorphic hardware systems, from artificial synapses and neurons to spike‐based neuromorphic computing platforms. It is hoped that this review will shed new light on the evolution of brain‐like computing.
Recent Advances in the Application of Structural‐Phase Engineering Strategies in Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Haonan , Huang Chengde 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) exists as an important chemical raw material in the chemical industry and national economy of all countries in the world. The widely used Haber–Bosch ammonia synthesis process not only requires a large amount of highly purified hydrogen, but also is inseparable from high‐temperature and high‐pressure reaction conditions, resulting in numerous problems that cannot be fundamentally solved in terms of safety, efficiency, cost, etc. It is considered to be an alternative technology with great potential to achieve the synthesis of ammonia under normal temperature and pressure making use of electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), which utilizes water in aqueous solution systems in replacement of hydrogen as hydrogen source. This paper succinctly explains the basic mechanism for electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis from the reduction of nitrogen in aqueous solution systems. Based on the research progress in the past year, the principles and related researches of constructing electrocatalysts of NRR using five structural‐phase strategies including defect engineering, interface engineering, strain engineering, atomic ordering engineering, and single‐atom engineering are reviewed. Finally, this paper provides an outlook to the future research and application.
Laser‐Induced Graphene Piezoresistive Sensors Synthesized Directly on Cork Insoles for Gait Analysis
Authors: Carvalho Alexandre F. , Fernandes António J. S. , Martins Rodrigo , Fortunato Elvira , Costa Florinda M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMonitorization of gait‐related parameters is of the utmost importance to prevent complications in several diseases, ensuring affordable healthcare for the growing amount of chronic, lifestyle‐related diseases and also for improving motion performance. Sensorized insoles allow to both pressure data and gait timings to be extracted non‐intrusively in a point of care paradigm. Laser‐induced graphene (LIG) offers a path to the integration of sensors in different kinds of materials, including cork, a common insole material. In this work, piezoresistive sensors are developed by providing conductivity to natural cork and agglomerate cork through the direct synthesis of LIG by UV irradiation. Highly isotropic conductive LIG regions with less than 100 Ω sq−1 are patterned and their piezoresistive response for up to 1132 kPa is assessed with sensitivities up to 0.02 kPa−1. A low‐cost prototype insole is devised and tested, proving the potential of this kind of functional cork as a green alternative for gait analysis platforms.
Accurate Efficiency Measurements of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes via Angle‐Resolved Spectroscopy
Authors: Archer Emily , Hillebrandt Sabina , Keum Changmin , Murawski Caroline , Murawski Jan , Tenopala‐Carmona Francisco , Gather Malte C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe accurate characterization of thin‐film light emitting diodes (LEDs)—including organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), perovskite LEDs, and quantum dot LEDs—is crucial to the understanding of the factors that influence their efficiency and thus to the fabrication of LEDs with improved performance and stability. In addition, detailed information about the angular characteristics of LED emission is useful to assess the suitability of individual architectures, e.g., for display applications. Here, the implementation of a goniometer‐based measurement system and corresponding protocol are described that allow to accurately determine the current–voltage–luminance characteristics, external quantum efficiency, and luminous efficacy of OLEDs and other emerging thin‐film LEDs. The system allows recording of angle‐resolved electroluminescence spectra and accurate efficiency measurements for devices with both Lambertian and non‐Lambertian emission characteristics. A detailed description of the setup and a protocol for assembling and aligning the required hardware are provided. Drawings of all custom parts and the open‐source Python software required to perform the measurement and to analyze the data are included.
A Ho3+‐Based Luminescent Thermometer for Sensitive Sensing over a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: van Swieten Thomas P. , Yu Dechao , Yu Ting , Vonk Sander J. W. , Suta Markus , Zhang Qinyuan , Meijerink Andries , Rabouw Freddy T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLuminescence thermometry is used in a variety of research fields for noninvasive temperature sensing. Lanthanide‐doped micro‐/nanocrystals are exceptionally suitable for this. The popular concept of luminescence‐intensity‐ratio thermometry is based on emission from thermally coupled levels in a single lanthanide ion, following Boltzmann's law. These thermometers can measure temperature with low uncertainty, but only in a limited temperature range. In this work, a Ho3+‐based thermometer is presented and quantitatively modeled with sustained low temperature uncertainty from room temperature up to 873 K. The thermometer shows bright green and red luminescence with a strong and opposite dependence on temperature and Ho3+concentration. This is the result of temperature‐dependent competition between multi‐phonon relaxation and energy transfer, feeding the green‐ and red‐emitting levels, respectively, following excitation with blue light. This simple and quantitative model of this competition predicts the output spectrum over a wide range of temperatures (300–873 K) and Ho3+concentrations (0.1–30%). The optimum Ho3+concentration can thus be determined for reliable measurements over any temperature range of interest. Quantitative modeling as presented here is crucial to optimally benefit from the potential of energy‐transfer thermometers to achieve low measurement uncertainties over a wide temperature range.
Fully Printed Flexible Heat Flow Sensors and their Utilization toward Heat Generation Monitoring for People and Machineries
Authors: Suemori Kouji , Nobeshima Taiki , Uemura Sei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA flexible and highly sensitive heat flow sensor, which can be attached to the human body and to various types of machinery for measuring their heat generation, is an ideal device for monitoring human health and the operational conditions of machinery. These sensors may be of great value for the implementation of sophisticated cyber physical systems. However, the fabrication of flexible and highly sensitive heat flow sensors is challenging because it is difficult to fabricate efficient heat–voltage conversion materials on flexible film substrates. In this study, a fully printed flexible heat flow sensor with high sensitivity is examined, which allows the detection of minute quantities of heat flow with the magnitude of several tens of milliwatts. The sensor features a device structure, wherein thermoelectric layers comprising carbon nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate coating are placed on the top and bottom surfaces of the flexible substrate and are connected by through‐holes. Due to the resultant flexibility and high sensitivity, the sensor can be attached to a human arm and detect the heat emanating from it. Additionally, it is demonstrated that changes in the load of a machine under operation can be monitored by attaching the flexible heat flow sensor to the machine.
Metal Grid Structures for Enhancing the Stability and Performance of Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Burwell Gregory , Burridge Nicholas , Sandberg Oskar J. , Bond Eloise , Li Wei , Meredith Paul , Armin Ardalan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTransparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) are key components of optoelectronic devices where input or output light coupling are central functions—for example, solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, or displays. Indium tin oxide (ITO) has been the TCE of choice for over three decades, and there are few alternatives. The characteristic size of devices made with ITO is often limited to a few centimeters because of the intrinsic sheet resistance. This is an obstacle for scaling thin film photovoltaics and lighting platforms to technologically‐relevant large areas. In this article, the use of metallic micro‐grids is investigated to improve sheet resistance–visible transparency balance of TCEs, resulting in improved performance and stability of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Finite element models are used to simulate OLEDs pixels on ITO with metal grids, and these simulations are supported by experimental performance analysis. The reduced potential drop from the presence of grids is shown to lower the Joule heating at the TCE resulting in higher power conversion efficiency and luminosity, as well as improved device stability. Such a strategy could be a very effective way of not only reducing indium usage but also opening new higher resistance TCEs to technological viability.
An Electronic Synapse Based on 2D Ferroelectric CuInP2S6
Authors: Li Bochang , Li Sifan , Wang Han , Chen Li , Liu Liang , Feng Xuewei , Li Yesheng , Chen Jingsheng , Gong X. , Ang Kah‐Wee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMemristors with biological synaptic behaviors and functions have been intensively studied as an important component for neuromorphic computing system, which hold promise to address the power consumption issue in modern computers based on von Neumann architecture. However, the resistive switching mechanism that relies on the stochastic formation of conductive filaments leads to poor cycle‐to‐cycle (temporal) and cell‐to‐cell (spatial) variations for filamentary memristors. The emergence of memristors based on 2D ferroelectric materials can potentially avoid these issues. Here, a vertical Au/CuInP2S6 (CIPS)/Ti diode is demonstrated using exfoliated ferroelectric CIPS flake. Through ferroelectric switching, the CIPS diode realizes resistive switching with a ratio larger than 6 × 103. The endurance measurement shows a small set and reset voltage variation of 5.3% and 9.1%, respectively. Key synaptic behaviors including spike‐time‐dependent plasticity, paired‐pulse‐facilitation, and paired‐pulse‐depression are successfully mimicked, manifesting the potential application of CIPS diode in a neuromorphic computing system. Moreover, pattern learning and memory behaviors are emulated using a 3 × 3 CIPS crossbar array.