bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extent of financial inclusion through MGNREGS: a district level analysis in West Bengal, India
Authors: Singh Krishna 
Published: December 2020

PurposeMahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) launched in the year 2006, with the pursuit of the objective of removing poverty and unemployment and thus address the issue of financial inclusion. The performance of the programme across the states in India has not been uniform. The purpose of this study is to focus on the financial inclusiveness features associated with MGNREGS program across the selected districts in West Bengal in the years of recent past.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, financial inclusion index has been developed by consideration of four indicators with the help of principal component method. Fixed effect regression model has been applied to explain the impact of relevant determinants on financial inclusion index.FindingsIt is observed that out of 19 districts, seven districts registered an increase in the value of the financial inclusion index in the year 2019 compared to that in the year 2013. The empirical analysis for identifying the determinants of overall inclusion reveals that factors like households having active job card, utilization of fund, amount of labour cost and number of works have significant influence on financial inclusion.Originality/valueThe study widely discussed how the scheme was helping in promoting financial inclusion by providing wage payment through banks and post offices accounts. The author has also tried to highlight some of the difficulties in accelerating the speed of financial inclusion when banks and post offices are used as a means for wage payment and finally provide remedial measures that could be taken to tackle these problems.
Risk-managing the business model: locating tripwires at the start
Authors: Braun Michael , Cannatelli Benedetto , Molteni Mario 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to address risks inherent in business model innovation. The authors make the case that entrepreneurs and managers, in relying on sources of innovation when designing business models, need to pay heed to these hidden risks – or tripwires – that can prevent the venture from efficiently, effectively and profitably scaling. The authors provide a guiding framework to help entrepreneurs and managers identify four distinct tripwires in their business model underlying the sources of innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors build a systematic framework of the four tripwires – structure, scaling, systems and strategy – underlying offer-driven, customer-driven, finance-driven and resource-driven business model innovations. By relying on academic research, the authors’ scholarly work on organizational decline, innovation and corporate turnaround and the authors combined experiences and observations in industry, this study makes explicit and highlights problem areas in the business model, providing examples of representative companies to illustrate the challenges and consequences of failing to identify and manage its tripwires.

Findings
The authors demonstrate that awareness and attention to the tripwires underlying sources of innovation can mitigate a business model’s future challenges. Business model innovations can and often do conceal hazards that become apparent only as a venture begins to grow. As such, it is essential that entrepreneurs and managers attend to these potential problem areas in the early stages of designing their business models. In bringing awareness to innovation-related tripwires, the authors offer a risk-management “patch” for managers and entrepreneurs when developing their business models.

Originality/value
Business model innovation is a powerful tool to help in identifying growth opportunities. Yet in launching, scaling or transforming their business models, entrepreneurs and managers can encounter unforeseen challenges. While sources of innovation in the business model prioritize the discovery of growth opportunities, this has often come at the expense of the potential risks underlying them. The authors provide a means to identify four distinct tripwires that may be triggered when implementing business model innovations.
Climbing up the regional intellectual capital tree: an EU entrepreneurial ecosystem analysis
Authors: Mikic Mihaela , Horvatinovic Tin , Kovac Ivana 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study responds to calls by researchers to examine the relation between innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems more closely, and also to further broaden our understanding of regional intellectual capital formation.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional analysis was conducted on NUTS 2 regions of the selected EU countries. In the empirical part of the research, multiple linear regression approaches were carried out using secondary data.FindingsIn sampled regions, the entrepreneurial ecosystem positively affects levels of high growth firms and levels of regional innovation capital.Practical implicationsResults lend further support to policymakers to develop and implement a regional-specific policy for fostering entrepreneurial ecosystems. However, given the multiple output nature of entrepreneurial ecosystems, this issue becomes more complicated than ever before.Originality/valueThis study builds upon previous research and complements it by widening the range of effects that the entrepreneurial ecosystem has. In doing so, this study is the first to examine the concurrent effects of these ecosystems on levels of high growth firms and innovation capital while using a regional innovation capital outlook.
Examining research topics with a dependency-based noun phrase extraction method: a case in accounting
Authors: Lei Lei , Deng Yaochen , Liu Dilin 
Published: December 2020

PurposeExamining research topics in a specific area such as accounting is important to both novice and veteran researchers. The present study aims to identify the research topics in the area of accounting and to investigate the research trends by finding hot and cold topics from all those identified ones in the field.Design/methodology/approachA new dependency-based method focusing on noun phrases, which efficiently extracts research topics from a large set of library data, was proposed. An AR(1) autoregressive model was used to identify topics that have received significantly more or less attention from the researchers. The data used in the study included a total of 4,182 abstracts published in six leading (or premier) accounting journals from 2000 to May 2019.FindingsThe study identified 48 important research topics across the examined period as well as eight hot topics and one cold topic from the 48 topics.Originality/valueThe research topics identified based on the dependency-based method are similar to those found with the technique of latent Dirichlet allocation latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic modelling. In addition, the method seems highly efficient, and the results are easier to interpret. Last, the research topics and trends found in the study provide reference to the researchers in the area of accounting.
Augmented reality for the treatment of arachnophobia: exposure therapy
Authors: Ore Julio , Pacheco Alex , Roque Edwin , Reyes Andy , Pacheco Liz 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
People who suffer from phobias try to avoid a specific object or feared situation by creating a great obstacle that causes serious consequences in their daily life; the most effective way to deal with a phobia is through exposure therapy, which according to one of the most important principles of psychology states that to overcome a fear you have to face it. The purpose of this paper is to develop a mobile application based on augmented reality (AR) for the treatment of spider phobia (Araneae).

Design/methodology/approach
The application development methodology was divided into two phases: design where sketches were made according to functional requirements, and the client server model was used for user queries and the development phase where the modules for the information of the phobia; and visualization of the arachnid in different morphological forms was implemented through the development tools.

Findings
The findings of this study, in this sense, state that it was possible to overcome the phobia in an essential way by ceasing to perceive harmless things as dangerous, helping them to manage stress and keep them under control.

Originality/value
Allowing to face their fears in support of existing therapeutic processes through images with progressively AR, being an innovative and accessible treatment from an economic, technological and professional point of view.
Nail involvement features in palmoplantar pustulosis
Authors: Kim Minsu , Yang Seungkeol , Kim Bo Ri , Youn Sang Woong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPathogenesis of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is not fully understood and whether PPP is a variant of plaque psoriasis (PsO) is still controversial. Psoriatic nail changes are among the clinical features common to both diseases, and understanding them could lead to the understanding of the correlation between both diseases. However, only limited numbers of studies have reported nail involvement pattern in PPP. In this study, we conducted a retrospective review of the medical records and photographs of patients diagnosed with PPP to understand the nail involvement features in PPP patients. We compared the results with the data from our previous study that analyzed the pattern of nail involvement in PsO. As a result, nail involvement was observed in 66.3% of the patients and its severity was correlated with the severity of cutaneous lesions (r = 0.34, P = 0.01). Onycholysis and crumbling were more frequent in PPP than in PsO. Crumbling was associated with higher severity of PPP (P = 0.01), while onycholysis was associated with lower severity (P = 0.03). In PPP, nail changes in the first digits were less prominent than those in other digits when compared with PsO. Risk factors for nail involvement in PPP included female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 9.44, P < 0.001), younger age at diagnosis (OR = 1.08, P = 0.01), and higher severity (OR = 1.15, P = 0.01). Presence of psoriatic arthritis did not show significant association with nail involvement (OR = 1.62, P = 0.77). In conclusion, although PPP shares some nail features with PsO, differences were noted in the commonly observed features and in the distribution of involved nails.
Quantifying capital versus income breeding: New promise with stable isotope measurements of individual amino acids
Authors: Whiteman John P. , Newsome Seth D. , Bustamante Paco , Cherel Yves , Hobson Keith A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCapital breeders accumulate nutrients prior to egg development, then use these stores to support offspring development. In contrast, income breeders rely on local nutrients consumed contemporaneously with offspring development. Understanding such nutrient allocations is critical to assessing life‐history strategies and habitat use.Despite the contrast between these strategies, it remains challenging to trace nutrients from endogenous stores or exogenous food intake into offspring. Here, we tested a new solution to this problem.Using tissue samples collected opportunistically from wild emperor penguinsAptenodytes forsteri, which exemplify capital breeding, we hypothesized that the stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of individual amino acids (AAs) in endogenous stores (e.g. muscle) and in egg yolk and albumen reflect the nutrient sourcing that distinguishes capital versus income breeding. Unlike other methods, this approach does not require untested assumptions or diet sampling.We found that over half of essential AAs had δ13C values that did not differ between muscle and yolk or albumen, suggesting that most of these AAs were directly routed from muscle into eggs. In contrast, almost all non‐essential AAs differed in δ13C values between muscle and yolk or between muscle and albumen, suggesting de novo synthesis. Over half of AAs that have labile nitrogen atoms (i.e. ‘trophic’ AA) had higher δ15N values in yolk and albumen than in muscle, suggesting that they were transaminated during their routing into egg tissue. This effect was smaller for AAs with less labile nitrogen atoms (i.e. ‘source’ AA).Our results indicate that the δ15N offset between trophic‐source AAs (Δ15Ntrophic‐source) may provide an index of the extent of capital breeding. The value of emperor penguin Δ15NPro‐Phewas higher in yolk and albumen than in muscle, reflecting the mobilization of endogenous stores; in comparison, the value of Δ15NPro‐Phewas similar across muscle and egg tissue in previously published data for income‐breeding herring gullsLarus argentatus smithsonianus. Our results provide a quantitative basis for using AA δ13C and δ15N, and isotopic offsets among AAs (e.g. Δ15NPro‐Phe), to explore the allocation of endogenous versus exogenous nutrients across the capital versus income spectrum of avian reproduction.
Investigating the factors affecting nonperforming loans in commercial banks: The case of African lower middle‐income countries
Authors: Olarewaju Odunayo Magret 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA nonperforming loan refers to a loan that is not paid as and when due, and it is a significant issue that banks need to keenly consider for them to exist and be stable. There are several factors accountable for nonperforming loans; some are firm‐specific, while others are macroeconomic factors. The study of banking sector stability is a foundation of modern macroeconomic policy of a bank‐based economy. In this view, this study aims to investigate the determining factors from both perspectives. This study used the dynamic panel regression analysis on 110 commercial banks from nine countries for the years 2010–2017 and a total of 880 observations were examined. The system generalized method of moments found that lagged nonperforming loan, lending rate, capital adequacy, credit growth, cost income ratio, as well as real interest rate, were the significant factors affecting nonperforming loans in lower middle‐income countries’ banking sector. Hence, it is recommended that commercial banks ought to establish regulations to amend their policies regarding credit advancement in alignment with the factors highlighted above. Also, banks need to ensure their loaned‐out funds are dedicated to the envisioned purpose via improved credit monitoring that would spur economic sustainability.
A novel identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which exhibited nitrate‐ and nitrite‐dependent methane oxidation abilities, could alleviate the disadvantages caused by nitrate supplementation in rumen fluid fermentation
Authors: Pang Jie , Liu Lihui , Liu Xiaopeng , Wang Yi , Chen Bin , Wu Shengru , Yao Junhu , Xu Xiurong 
Published: December 2020

SummaryAfter the occurrence of nitrate‐dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) in rumen fluid culture was proved, the organisms that perform the denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidizing (DAMO) process in the rumen of dairy goat were investigated by establishing two enrichment culture systems, which were supplied with methane as the sole carbon source and NaNO3 or NaNO2 as the electron acceptor. Several Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) belonging to Proteobacteria became dominant in the two enrichment systems. The identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was isolated from the NaNO2 enrichment system, could individually perform a whole denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidizing process. Further in vitro rumen fermentation showed that supplementation with the isolated P. aeruginosa could reduce methane emissions, alleviate the nitrite accumulation and prevent the decrease in propionic acid product caused by nitrate supplementation.
Hypodense MCA sign – Large‐vessel occlusion secondary to fat embolism post‐right hip hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Koh Daniel , Nair Gavin , Teoh Evonne , Sannigrahi Ardhendu 
Published: December 2020

SummaryHypodense MCA sign – Large‐vessel occlusion secondary to fat embolism post‐right hip hemiarthroplasty.
Multi‐level convergence of complex traits and the evolution of bioluminescence
Authors: Lau Emily S. , Oakley Todd H. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTEvolutionary convergence provides natural opportunities to investigate how, when, and why novel traits evolve. Many convergent traits are complex, highlighting the importance of explicitly considering convergence at different levels of biological organization, or ‘multi‐level convergent evolution’. To investigate multi‐level convergent evolution, we propose a holistic and hierarchical framework that emphasizes breaking down traits into several functional modules. We begin by identifying long‐standing questions on the origins of complexity and the diverse evolutionary processes underlying phenotypic convergence to discuss how they can be addressed by examining convergent systems. We argue that bioluminescence, a complex trait that evolved dozens of times through either novel mechanisms or conserved toolkits, is particularly well suited for these studies. We present an updated estimate of at least 94 independent origins of bioluminescence across the tree of life, which we calculated by reviewing and summarizing all estimates of independent origins. Then, we use our framework to review the biology, chemistry, and evolution of bioluminescence, and for each biological level identify questions that arise from our systematic review. We focus on luminous organisms that use the shared luciferin substrates coelenterazine or vargulin to produce light because these organisms convergently evolved bioluminescent proteins that use the same luciferins to produce bioluminescence. Evolutionary convergence does not necessarily extend across biological levels, as exemplified by cases of conservation and disparity in biological functions, organs, cells, and molecules associated with bioluminescence systems. Investigating differences across bioluminescent organisms will address fundamental questions on predictability and contingency in convergent evolution. Lastly, we highlight unexplored areas of bioluminescence research and advances in sequencing and chemical techniques useful for developing bioluminescence as a model system for studying multi‐level convergent evolution.
Therapeutic inhibition of polo‐like kinases in anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Lin Shu‐Fu , Yeh Chun‐Nan , Huang Yu‐Tung , Chou Ting‐Chao , Wong Richard J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolo‐like kinases (PLKs) are potent regulators of cell proliferation and cell survival. Polo‐like kinases are potential targets in the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), a rare but deadly disease. The therapeutic effects of volasertib, a PLK inhibitor, was evaluated for the treatment of ATC either alone or in combination with sorafenib. Volasertib decreased cell viability in three ATC cell lines (8505C, 8305C, and KAT18) in a dose‐dependent manner. Volasertib caused ATC cells to accumulate in G2/M phase, activated caspase‐3 activity, and induced apoptosis. Combination therapy using volasertib and sorafenib in ATC cells showed mostly synergistic effects. In vivo studies revealed that combination therapy of volasertib and sorafenib was effective in the treatment of 8505C xenografts. Single‐agent volasertib treatment was sufficient to retard 8305C tumor growth. No substantial morbidity was observed in animals that received either single‐agent or combination treatment. These preclinical findings suggest that volasertib could be an effective drug in treating ATC.
Neutrophilic asthma features increased airway classical monocytes
Authors: Niessen Natalie M. , Baines Katherine J. , Simpson Jodie L. , Scott Hayley A. , Qin Ling , Gibson Peter G. , Fricker Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMonocytes and macrophages are critical innate immune cells of the airways. Despite their differing functions, few clinical studies discriminate between them and little is known about their regulation in asthma.ObjectiveWe aimed to distinguish and quantify macrophages, monocytes and monocyte subsets in induced sputum and blood and examine their relationship with inflammatory and clinical features of asthma.MethodsWe applied flow cytometry to distinguish macrophages, monocytes and subsets in sputum and blood (n = 53; 45 asthma, 8 non‐asthma) and a second asthma sputum cohort (n = 26). Monocyte subsets were identified by surface CD14/CD16 (CD14++CD16− classical, CD14+CD16+ intermediate and CD14+CD16++ non‐classical monocytes). Surface CD206, a marker of monocyte tissue differentiation, was measured in sputum. Relationship to airway inflammatory phenotype (neutrophilic n = 9, eosinophilic n = 14, paucigranulocytic n = 22) and asthma severity (severe n = 12, non‐severe n = 33) was assessed.ResultsFlow cytometry‐ and microscope‐quantified sputum differential cell proportions were significantly correlated. Sputum macrophage number was reduced (p = .036), while classical monocyte proportion was increased in asthma vs non‐asthma (p = .032). Sputum classical monocyte number was significantly higher in neutrophilic vs paucigranulocytic asthma (p = .013). CD206− monocyte proportion and number were increased in neutrophilic vs eosinophilic asthma (p < .001, p = .013). Increased sputum classical and CD206− monocyte numbers in neutrophilic asthma were confirmed in the second cohort. Blood monocytes did not vary with airway inflammatory phenotype, but blood classical monocyte proportion and number were increased in severe vs non‐severe asthma (p = .022, p = .011).Conclusion and Clinical relevanceFlow cytometry allowed distinction of sputum macrophages, monocytes and subsets, revealing compartment‐specific dysregulation of monocytes in asthma. We observed an increase in classical and CD206− monocytes in sputum in neutrophilic asthma, suggesting co‐recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils to the airways in asthma. Our data suggest further investigation of how airway monocyte dysregulation impacts on asthma‐related disease activity is merited.