bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial scales and locality of magnetic helicity
Authors: Prior C. , Hawkes G. , Berger M. A. 
Published: December 2019

Context. Magnetic helicity is approximately conserved in resistive magnetohydrodynamic models. It quantifies the entanglement of the magnetic field within the plasma. The transport and removal of helicity is crucial in both dynamo development in the solar interior and active region evolution in the solar corona. This transport typically leads to highly inhomogeneous distributions of entanglement.
Aims. There exists no consistent systematic means of decomposing helicity over varying spatial scales and in localised regions. Spectral helicity decompositions can be used in periodic domains and is fruitful for the analysis of homogeneous phenomena. This paper aims to develop methods for analysing the evolution of magnetic field topology in non-homogeneous systems.
Methods. The method of multi-resolution wavelet decomposition is applied to the magnetic field. It is demonstrated how this decomposition can further be applied to various quantities associated with magnetic helicity, including the field line helicity. We use a geometrical definition of helicity, which allows these quantities to be calculated for fields with arbitrary boundary conditions.
Results. It is shown that the multi-resolution decomposition of helicity has the crucial property of local additivity. We demonstrate a general linear energy-topology conservation law, which significantly generalises the two-point correlation decomposition used in the analysis of homogeneous turbulence and periodic fields. The localisation property of the wavelet representation is shown to characterise inhomogeneous distributions, which a Fourier representation cannot. Using an analytic representation of a resistive braided field relaxation, we demonstrate a clear correlation between the variations in energy at various length scales and the variations in helicity at the same spatial scales. Its application to helicity flows in a surface flux transport model show how various contributions to the global helicity input from active region field evolution and polar field development are naturally separated by this representation.
Conclusions. The multi-resolution wavelet decomposition can be used to analyse the evolution of helicity in magnetic fields in a manner which is consistently additive. This method has the advantage over more established spectral methods in that it clearly characterises the inhomogeneous nature of helicity flows where spectral methods cannot. Further, its applicability in aperiodic models significantly increases the range of potential applications.
Predictors of technical difficulty with duodenal ESD
Authors: Kato Motohiko , Sasaki Motoki , Mizutani Mari , Tsutsumi Koshiro , Kiguchi Yoshiyuki , Akimoto Teppei , Mutaguchi Makoto , Nakayama Atsushi , Takabayashi Kaoru , Fujimoto Ai , Ochiai Yasutoshi , Maehata Tadateru , Kanai Takanori , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is still considered technically challenging; however, few studies have objectively analyzed predictors of the technical difficulty. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to elucidate predictors of the technical difficulty of duodenal ESD.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective observational study. From June 2010 to June 2017, a total of 174 consecutive patients with superficial duodenal epithelial neoplasia who underwent ESD were included in this study. We tried to identify predictors for technical difficulty of ESD by defining technical difficulty as either procedure time > 100 minutes or intraprocedural perforation. Moreover, we constructed a scoring system consisting of factors that were significant in the multivariate analysis.
Results The proportion of patients with technical difficulty was 34.5 %. In the multivariate analysis, lesion location in flexural part [odds ratio (OR), 2.61; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.02 – 6.68], larger lesion size (> 40 mm) (OR, 5.26; 95% CI, 2.15 – 12.9), and occupied circumference > 50 % of the duodenum (OR, 5.80; 95 % CI, 1.83 – 18.4) were associated with technical difficulty.
Conclusion A lesion location in flexural part, lesion size >40 mm and occupied circumference > 50 % were risk factors for technical difficulty of duodenal ESD.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Major Uterine Wall Resection and Reconstruction of the Uterus Combined with LNG-IUS for the Treatment of Severe Adenomyosis
Authors: Sun Cui , Ren Xiao-yan , Gao Yi , Liang Zhi-Gang , Mou Meng , Gu Heng-fang , Xiao Yan-Bing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective Aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of major uterine wall resection and reconstruction of the uterus (MURU) combined with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) for the treatment of adenomyosis.
Methods Ninety patients diagnosed with adenomyosis were enrolled in this study. All participants were examined by transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) were quantitatively measured. All patients underwent MURU in combination with LNG-IUS. The therapeutic safety of MURU was assessed during surgery and the patientsʼ stay in hospital. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by comparatively analyzing changes in dysmenorrhea, volume of menstrual blood, uterine volume and serum levels of CA 125 before, and at 3, 6 and 12 months following MURU.
Results All 90 patients enrolled in the study were successfully treated with MURU combined with LNG-IUS. No significant complications were observed during surgery and hospital stay. The mean operation time, intraoperative blood loss and length of hospital stay were 82.4 ± 13.8 min, 53.3 ± 20.3 ml, and 4.3 ± 0.8 days, respectively. Dysmenorrhea completely disappeared in all patients. Uterine volume and serum levels of CA 125 were restored to normal ranges. No recurrence of adenomyosis was observed during postoperative follow-up.
Conclusion MURU combined with LNG-IUS is an efficacious and safe treatment for severe adenomyosis. This combined technique is not only effective to manage severe adenomyosis but also preserves as much of the uterus as possible.
Soziokulturell sensible Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Entwicklung eines theoretischen Rahmenmodells und Ergebnisse einer Befragung unter Bewegungsförderungsprojekten.
Authors: Brand Tilman , Barbek Rieke , Gencer Hande , Samkange-Zeeb Florence , Zeeb Hajo 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Entwicklung eines Rahmenmodells für soziokulturell sensible Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung und Analyse von Maßnahmen zur soziokulturell sensiblen Gestaltung in Bewegungsförderungsprojekten, die sich an Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund richten.
Methodik Basierend auf 9 Expert_inneninterviews und einem Rapid Review in den Datenbanken PubMed und PsycInfo wurden Maßnahmen und Domänen von soziokultureller Sensibilität in der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung sowie deren Effektivität identifiziert. Die Domänen bildeten die Grundlage für eine Befragung von Ansprechpersonen von Bewegungsförderungsprojekten, die in der Datenbank „Gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit“ gelistet waren und Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund als Zielgruppe angegeben hatten.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 5 Domänen der soziokulturell sensiblen Anpassung von Präventionsangeboten identifiziert (äußerliche Anpassung, evidenzbezogene Anpassung, sprachliche Anpassung, einbeziehende Anpassung und soziokulturelle Anpassung der Tiefenstruktur). Die Nutzung von mehreren Anpassungsstrategien scheint die Wirksamkeit von Präventionsmaßnahmen zu erhöhen. Von den 48 kontaktierten Ansprechpersonen nahmen 29 an der Befragung teil. Fast alle Befragten gaben an, Maßnahmen aus 4 der 5 Domänen einzusetzen. Eine evidenzbezogene Anpassung erfolgte vergleichsweise selten.
Schlussfolgerungen Das erarbeitete Rahmenmodell kann sowohl zur Planung als auch für die Evaluation von Präventionsmaßnahmen verwendet werden, die sich an Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund richten. Die Befragung zeigt, wie soziokulturelle Sensibilität durch vielfältige Maßnahmen in der Bewegungsförderung verbessert werden kann.
Das Prostituiertenschutzgesetz und seine Umsetzung: eine
Bestandsaufnahme aus dem Gesundheitsamt Dresden
Authors: Stiehler Matthias 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungAm 1. Juli 2017 trat in Deutschland Prostituiertenschutzgesetz in Kraft.
Vorausgegangen war eine Diskussion, in der sich zahlreiche Institutionen und
Gruppen gegen dieses Vorhaben aussprachen. Die Hauptkritikpunkte waren ein ihm
zugrundeliegendes einseitiges Prostitutionsverständnis und die
Schwächung des Schutzraumes der Sexarbeiterinnen und Sexarbeiter durch
die behördlichen Kontrollen. Doch trotz der Kritik wurde das Gesetz
verabschiedet. Rechtliche Grundlagen Da es durch die Kommunen umgesetzt werden
muss, waren die Länder zu Ausführungsgesetzen verpflichtet. In
Sachsen verzögerte sich dessen Verabschiedung erheblich. Ursache war
eine zunächst bestehende Unklarheit, welches Fachressort verantwortlich
ist. Zudem gab es einen länger währenden politischen
Klärungsbedarf über die Finanzierung der den Kommunen
aufgebürdeten Mehrbelastungen. Erst ab 26. Juli 2018 konnte mit der
Umsetzung des Prostituiertenschutzgesetzes in Sachsen begonnen werden.
Erfahrungen In Dresden wurde daraufhin eine Struktur geschaffen, die eine
eindeutige Trennung zwischen der Gesundheitsberatung und der dem Ordnungsamt
zugewiesene Anmeldung der Prostituierten vorsieht. Auch die beiden Angebote des
Gesundheitsamtes für diese Personengruppe werden aufgrund
konkurrierender Bundesgesetze räumlich und personell konsequent getrennt
gehalten. Zugleich wurde ein neues Sachgebiet geschaffen, das beide
Beratungsstellen umfasst. Durch die gemeinsame Fachaufsicht soll verhindert
werden, dass innerhalb des Gesundheitsamtes die Arbeit für die
Sexarbeiterinnen und Sexarbeiter nach unterschiedlichen
Maßstäben erfolgt. Ob mit dem Prostituiertenschutzgesetz dem
beabsichtigten Schutzzweck gedient ist, darf nach den bisherigen Erfahrungen
zumindest angezweifelt werden. Dresden hat sich bei der Umsetzung
bemüht, durch klare Strukturen und interne Regeln möglichen
negativen Folgen des Gesetzes entgegenzuwirken.
Differentielle Indikation in der Versorgung von Patienten mit
psychischen Störungen
Authors: Dorr Florence , Lahmann Claas , Bengel Jürgen 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Patienten mit psychischen Erkrankungen werden in
unterschiedlichen Versorgungssektoren und Fachgebieten behandelt. Die
Indikationsgrenzen zwischen psychiatrischer und psychosomatischer
Versorgung, zwischen Akut- und rehabilitativer Versorgung sowie zwischen der
ambulanten, teil- und vollstationären Versorgung können nur
unzureichend beschrieben werden. Eine sektorenbezogene Differenzierung in
der Zuweisung zu den unterschiedlichen Versorgungsangeboten ist kaum
erkennbar.
Ziel Übersicht zur empirischen Literatur zu differentiellen
Indikationskriterien.Methode: Empirische Ergebnisse zu infrage kommenden differentiellen
Indikationskriterien werden referiert.
Ergebnisse Patientenbezogene Kriterien können nach
medizinischen Kriterien, Kriterien bezüglich des Behandlungsbedarfs
und persönlichen Kriterien unterschieden werden. Nur vereinzelt
sprechen Kriterien eindeutig für oder gegen ein bestimmtes
Versorgungssetting.
Diskussion Die Empirie ist insgesamt gering und beschränkt
sich auf Merkmalsvergleiche zwischen Patienten, die bereits in verschiedenen
Sektoren behandelt werden. Zur Beschreibung von differentiellen
Indikationskriterien und Zuweisungsmechanismen müssen die
strukturellen Rahmenbedingungen des Versorgungssystems einbezogen
werden.
Schlussfolgerung Der Bedarf an aussagekräftigen empirischen
Studien zur differentiellen Indikation bei psychischen Störungen ist
offenkundig. Perspektiven für eine gezielte Zuweisungssteuerung
werden diskutiert.
Wirkfaktoren in der Gruppentherapie: Fragebogen zur Messung der
therapeutischen Perspektive
Authors: Winter Friederike , Aguilar-Raab Corina , Blanck Paul , Schaller Georg , Vogel Eva , Mander Johannes 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der bisherigen Forschung hat sich Gruppentherapie als ökonomisch
und effektiv erwiesen. Es existieren bislang wenige Instrumente, um die
Wirkfaktoren des therapeutischen Prozesses in der Gruppentherapie empirisch
zu messen. Der Fragebogen zum Erleben von therapeutischen Prozessen in der
Gruppe für Therapeutinnen (FEPiG-T) zur Erfassung von allgemeinen
Wirkfaktoren aus der therapeutischen Perspektive wurde in dieser Studie
basierend auf Konzeptualisierungen von Bordin, Yalom und Grawe entwickelt
und validiert. Die FEPiG-T Subskalen zeigten gute interne Konsistenzen und
waren im Sinne der konvergenten Validität mit etablierten
Prozessmaßen assoziiert. Es zeigten sich Zusammenhänge der
Wirkfaktoren zu Beginn der Therapie mit der Reduktion interpersonaler
Probleme über die Zeit. Die Wirkfaktoren über den
Therapieverlauf waren trendmäßig mit der Symptomverbesserung
korreliert. In der Forschung könnte der korrespondierende Fragebogen
zur bereits etablierten Version für Patientinnen eine detaillierte
Untersuchung der Perspektiven im Therapieverlauf ermöglichen. In der
Praxis würde das Instrument eine Selbsteinschätzung
für Therapeutinnen und ein Feedback darüber bieten, ob
gerade Differenzen über die Wahrnehmung der aktuellen
Gruppenwirkfaktoren bestehen.
Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) during live endoscopy events (LEE) – a 13-year follow-up
Authors: Ebigbo Alanna , Freund Simone , Probst Andreas , Römmele Christoph , Gölder Stefan K. , Frauenschuh Julia , Marienhagen Joerg , Messmann Helmut 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims There are no data showing the outcome of ESD during live endoscopy events (LEE). ESD performed during the Augsburg Endo-Update LEE were compared with matched routine procedures with the aim of demonstrating non-inferiority of LEE ESD.
Patients and methods ESD performed during the Endo-Update between 2006 and 2018 were reviewed. The controls were routine procedures matched according to age, location and lesion size. Resection, recurrence, survival and complication rates, procedure time and propofol sedation were assessed. Clinically relevant margins were assumed for resection and complication rates, procedure time and propofol sedation quantity.
Results Thirty-eight ESD were performed in the given time period, and were compared with 38 matched routine ESD. En bloc and curative resection rates in the LEE group and in the control group were 100 % and 87 % as well as 84 % and 71 % respectively, while procedure times were 135 and 125 minutes, respectively. Non-inferiority was demonstrated for resection rates and procedure time. The complication rate was lower in the LEE group as compared with the control group (5 % vs 13 %) while propofol sedation was similar in both groups (863 mg vs 872 mg). Recurrence and 5-year survival rates for both groups were 4 % vs 0 % and 70 % vs 65% respectively.
Conclusions The resection rate and procedure time of ESD during LEE was non-inferior to those of routine ESD procedures. Comparison of the complication rates, however, was inconclusive owing to the low patient number and complication risk in both groups.
Small-caliber endoscopes are more fragile than conventional endoscopes
Authors: Nishizawa Toshihiro , Sakitani Kosuke , Suzuki Hidekazu , Yamakawa Tadahiro , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Yoshida Shuntaro , Nakai Yousuke , Hata Keisuke , Ebinuma Hirotoshi , Koike Kazuhiko , Toyoshima Osamu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims The repair costs of gastrointestinal endoscopes account for a significant proportion of the total budget of an endoscopy unit. This study evaluated the repair costs of small-caliber endoscopes and conventional endoscopes used in esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).
Patients and methods A retrospective analysis of upper gastrointestinal endoscope damage and repair costs between April 2012 and May 2019 was performed at the Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic. Conventional endoscopes (GIF-H260, GIF-HQ290, and GIF-H290Z) were used for transoral EGD while small-caliber endoscopes (GIF-XP260N and GIF-XP290N) were used for transnasal or transoral EGD.
Results Three small-caliber endoscopes and five conventional endoscopes were used for 1,031 procedures and 31,192 procedures, respectively. The number of procedures/damage incidence for small-caliber endoscope and conventional endoscopes was 344 and 1950, respectively. Damage incidence for small-caliber endoscopes was significantly higher than for conventional endoscopes (P = 0.014). Repair costs/procedure were $ 5.95 ± $132 for small-caliber endoscopes and $2.41 ± $115 for conventional endoscopes. Repair costs/procedure for small-caliber endoscopes were more than twice those for conventional endoscopes.
Conclusions Small-caliber endoscopes are more fragile than conventional endoscopes.
Spinopelvic Alignment Parameters in Spondylolisthesis Patients Compared to Nonspondylolisthesis Patients
Authors: Alijani Babak , Ramzannejad Armin , Yousefzadeh-Chabok Shahrokh , Behzadnia Hamid , Emamhadi Mohammadreza , Davoudi-Kiakalayeh Ali , Bijani Enayatollah 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective We aimed at describing spin pelvic alignment features in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS), in comparison with other patients complaining of low back pain but no evidence of spondylolisthesis on standard standing lateral lumbosacral X-ray.
Methods In this prospective descriptive study, patients with low back pain included in two groups of DS and non-DS patients, according to preoperative lumbosacral X-ray in standard standing lateral position. Patient’s demographic characteristics, as well as spinopelvic alignment parameters including pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis, and facet joint orientation, were collected. DS patients were compared with non-DS, age-matched control group.
Results DS patients were significantly obese (p = 0.031) and had a high PI (56.39 ± 11.5), SS (38.28 ± 10.32), and PT (18.52 ± 9.11), (p = 0.00, 0.01, 0.04, respectively). Moreover, segmental lordosis at L2–L3, L3–L4, and L5–S1 levels demonstrated a significant increase (p < 0.05). Facet joints at L4–L5 level were located more sagittally (37.5 ± 7.07 vs. 40.71 ± 6.33).
Conclusion PI, SS, and PT significantly increase in DS patients compared with non-DS group. Elevated segmental lordosis at high lumbar levels and sagittal orientation of facet joints were other features observed in DS patients.
Small-Molecule Amyloid Beta-Aggregation Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease Drug Development
Authors: Chowdhury Sharmin Reza , Xie Fangzhou , Gu Jinxin , Fu Lei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is still an incurable neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia. AD changes the brain function that, over time, impairs memory and diminishes judgment and reasoning ability. Pathophysiology of AD is complex. Till now the cause of AD remains unknown, but risk factors include family history and genetic predisposition. The drugs previously approved for AD treatment do not modify the disease process and only provide symptomatic improvement. Over the past few decades, research has led to significant progress in the understanding of the disease, leading to several novel strategies that may modify the disease process. One of the major developments in this direction is the amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation. Small molecules could block the initial stages of Aβ aggregation, which could be the starting point for the design and development of new AD drugs in the near future. In this review we summarize the most promising small-molecule Aβ-aggregation inhibitors including natural compounds, novel small molecules, and also those are in clinical trials. Moreover, we briefly summarized some reported docking studies of small-molecule Aβ aggregation inhibitors. These will give us an idea about the chemical features required to design novel small molecules with anti-Aβ aggregation properties.
Individual Patient Data Pooled Analysis of Randomized Trials of Bivalirudin versus Heparin in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Rationale and Methodology
Authors: Bikdeli Behnood , McAndrew Thomas , Crowley Aaron , Chen Shmuel , Mehdipoor Ghazaleh , Redfors Björn , Liu Yangbo , Zhang Zixuan , Liu Mengdan , Zhang Yiran , Francese Dominic P. , Erlinge David , James Stefan K. , Han Yaling , Li Yi , Kastrati Adnan , Schüpke Stefanie , Stables Rod H. , Shahzad Adeel , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Goldstein Patrick , Frigoli Enrico , Mehran Roxana , Valgimigli Marco , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of periprocedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have reported conflicting results. Study-level meta-analyses lack granularity to adjust for confounders, explore heterogeneity, or identify subgroups that may particularly benefit or be harmed.
Objective To overcome these limitations, we sought to develop an individual patient-data pooled database of RCTs comparing bivalirudin versus heparin.
Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify RCTs in which ≥1,000 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing PCI were randomized to bivalirudin versus heparin.
Results From 738 identified studies, 8 RCTs met the prespecified criteria. The principal investigators of each study agreed to provide patient-level data. The data were pooled and checked for accuracy against trial publications, with discrepancies addressed by consulting with the trialists. Consensus-based definitions were created to resolve differing antithrombotic, procedural, and outcome definitions. The project required 3.5 years to complete, and the final database includes 27,409 patients (13,346 randomized to bivalirudin and 14,063 randomized to heparin).
Conclusion We have created a large individual patient database of bivalirudin versus heparin RCTs in patients with AMI undergoing PCI. This endeavor may help identify the optimal periprocedural anticoagulation regimen for patient groups with different relative risks of adverse ischemic versus bleeding events, including those with ST-segment and non-ST-segment elevation MI, radial versus femoral access, use of a prolonged bivalirudin infusion or glycoprotein inhibitors, and others. Adherence to standardized techniques and rigorous validation processes should increase confidence in the accuracy and robustness of the results.
Toward a metabolic theory of life history
Authors: Burger Joseph Robert , Hou Chen , Brown James H. 
Published: December 2019

SignificanceData and theory reveal how organisms allocate metabolic energy to components of the life history that determine fitness. In each generation, animals take up biomass energy from the environment and expend it on survival, growth, and reproduction. Life histories of animals exhibit enormous diversity—from large fish and invertebrates that produce literally millions of tiny eggs and suffer enormous mortality, to mammals and birds that produce a few large offspring with much lower mortality. Yet, underlying this enormous diversity are general life history rules and trade-offs due to universal biophysical constraints on the channels of selection. These rules are characterized by general equations that underscore the unity of life.
Seneca’s De Beneficiis and non-verbal politeness in ancient Rome
Authors: Hall Jon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the philosophical treatise De Beneficiis written by Seneca the Younger
(c. 4 bce to 65 ce) and discusses some of the insights that it offers regarding the
pragmatics of interpersonal encounters in ancient Rome. In particular, it identifies types of appropriate and inappropriate
non-verbal behaviour sometimes employed when making requests. Seneca’s close observation of these social nuances alerts us to the
importance of non-verbal elements for a complete understanding of (im)politeness in everyday life.