bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using self‐study as a methodology for dental educators’ professional inquiry
Authors: Leadbeatter Delyse , Dracopoulos Susie , Lansdown Karen , Terry Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionDental educators play crucial roles in dental education and in the functioning of dental schools. Whilst it is recognised that dental educators need more than relevant disciplinary expertise and that scholarly development of dental educators is important, there is a lack of knowledge about ways research can be used to promote professional development. This article aims to showcase a research methodology for professional inquiry that is widely used in teacher education to promote the view that dental education is a professional practice.ApproachSelf‐study methodology was employed by four dental educators to illuminate their theory‐informed practice. We chose to frame the inquiry around technology and accumulated three forms of data: individual journaling, video‐call discussions and Padlet/bricolage. Analysis of this data focused on how the learning was co‐constructed by the group.Findings and discussionFive key elements of our self‐study were constructed into narratives: understanding technology as a dental educator, being a learner and embodied scholarship, the (expanded) roles of a teacher in a technological environment, advancing our own professional identity as an educator, and possibilities and limits for self‐study in the dental education context.ConclusionProfessionalisation of dental educators is critical to sustainable dental education. By educators researching their own practice, research approaches such as self‐study can perform a dual role of facilitating scholarly development and contributing to the generation of new knowledge about becoming and being a dental educator.
Dentistry students’ experiences, engagement and perception of biochemistry within the dental curriculum and beyond
Authors: Youhanna Karla Mariah Yumul , Adam Lee , Monk Brian C. , Loch Carolina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction/ObjectivesBasic knowledge at the molecular level is necessary to care for the orofacial complex as part of the whole body. Many undergraduate dentistry students struggle to engage with biochemistry during the degree due to difficulty in appreciating the relevance of biochemistry to clinical practice. This study investigated student experiences, perception and engagement with biochemistry as part of the dental curriculum and explored how the teaching of biochemistry might be further developed.MethodsFocus groups were conducted with 21 participants, in groups of four to six students from the 3rd year to 5th year, as well as with recent graduates and post‐graduate students from a prominent Australasian dental school. Data were analysed using a general inductive approach.ResultsFocus group participants viewed the oral biochemistry module as well organised and professionally run. However, participants reported that the large amount of material taught in the module made them feel overwhelmed and demotivated. Biochemistry was regarded by undergraduate participants as relevant to dental practice, but graduate participants thought it was only relevant to those sitting examinations for further training. Biochemistry was perceived as most relevant to dental research and expanding scientific literacy.Discussion/ConclusionsParticipants in this study suggested that reducing the amount of material taught, focusing on dentally relevant biochemical concepts and overtly stating the connection of biochemistry to clinical practice could increase engagement and enhance the module within the dental curriculum.
Cortical neurophysiology of primary isolated dystonia and non‐dystonic adults: A meta‐analysis
Authors: McCambridge Alana B. , Bradnam Lynley V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non‐invasive method to assess neurophysiology of the primary motor cortex in humans. Dystonia is a poorly understood neurological movement disorder, often presenting in an idiopathic, isolated form across different parts of the body. The neurophysiological profile of isolated dystonia compared to healthy adults remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review with meta‐analysis of neurophysiologic TMS measures in people with isolated dystonia to provide a synthesized understanding of cortical neurophysiology associated with isolated dystonia. We performed a systematic database search and data were extracted independently by the two authors. Separate meta‐analyses were performed for TMS measures of: motor threshold, corticomotor excitability, short interval intracortical inhibition, cortical silent period, intracortical facilitation and afferent‐induced inhibition. Standardized mean differences were calculated using a random effects model to determine overall effect sizes and confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was explored using dystonia type subgroup analysis. The search resulted in 78 studies meeting inclusion criteria, of these 57 studies reported data in participants with focal hand dystonia, cervical dystonia, blepharospasm or spasmodic dysphonia, and were included in at least one meta‐analysis. The cortical silent period, short‐interval intracortical inhibition and afferent‐induced inhibition was found to be reduced in isolated dystonia compared to controls. Reduced GABAergic‐mediated inhibition in the primary motor cortex in idiopathic isolated dystonia's suggest interventions targeted to aberrant cortical disinhibition could provide a novel treatment. Future meta‐analyses require neurophysiology studies to use homogeneous cohorts of isolated dystonia participants, publish raw data values, and record electromyographic responses from dystonic musculature where possible.
The value of privileged access
Authors: Peterson Jared 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is commonly held that we stand in a special epistemic relationship with respect to certain facts about our minds, a relationship that is known as privileged access. Recently, a number of philosophers have argued that we either lack privileged access entirely, or that the scope of such access is severely limited. While there have been a number of attempts in the literature to respond to these skeptics, one question that has not been addressed is what, if anything, of value we fail to possess if these skeptics are right. In this paper, I argue that insofar as we lack privileged access, something of significant value would be absent from our cognitive lives. I defend this claim by developing a novel position that privileged access is necessary for possessing a type of epistemic control that is extrinsically valuable to those who possess it. I also provide reasons for thinking that privileged access is valuable in and of itself.
On the function ofself‐deception
Authors: Krstić Vladimir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelf‐deception makes best sense as a self‐defensive mechanism by which the self protects itself from painful reality. Hence, we typically imagine self‐deceivers as people who cause themselves to believe as true what they want to be true. Some self‐deceivers, however, end up believing what they do not want to be true. Their behaviour can be explained on the hypothesis that the function of this behaviour is protecting the agent's perceived focal benefit at the cost of inflicting short‐term harm, which is a basis for a unified account of the phenomenon. In this paper, I argue that this view is narrow. Cases of altruistic, benevolent, and even self‐punishing self‐deception also exist. There, the function is not the self‐deceiver's benefit. In fact, self‐deception may have no function at all. Therefore, I put forward a novel account that analyses the function of self‐deception on a case‐by‐case basis.
Loss of the neuronal genome organizer and transcription factor CTCF induces neuronal death and reactive gliosis in the anterior cingulate cortex
Authors: Kwak Ji‐Hye , Kim Somi , Yu Nam‐Kyung , Seo Hyunhyo , Choi Ja Eun , Kim Ji‐il , Choi Dong Il , Kim Myung Won , Kwak Chuljung , Lee Kyungmin , Kaang Bong‐Kiun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF) is a genome organizer that regulates gene expression through transcription and chromatin structure regulation. CTCF also plays an important role during the developmental and adult stages. Cell‐specific CTCF deletion studies have shown that a reduction in CTCF expression leads to the development of distinct clinical features and cognitive disorders. Therefore, we knocked out Ctcf (CTCF cKO) in the excitatory neurons of the forebrain in a Camk2a‐Cre mouse strain to examine the role of CTCF in cell death and gliosis in the cortex. CTCF cKO mice were viable, but they demonstrated an age‐dependent increase in reactive gliosis of astrocytes and microglia in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) from 16 weeks of age prior to neuronal loss observed at over 20 weeks of age. Consistent with these data, qRT‐PCR analysis of the CTCF cKO ACC revealed changes in the expression of inflammation‐related genes (Hspa1a, Prokr2 and Itga8) linked to gliosis and neuronal death. Our results suggest that prolonged Ctcf gene deficiency in excitatory neurons results in neuronal cell death and gliosis, possibly through functional changes in inflammation‐related genes.
Erenumab in Chronic Migraine: An Australian Experience
Authors: Cheng Shuli , Jenkins Bronwyn , Limberg Nicole , Hutton Elspeth 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness and safety of erenumab in patients with chronic migraine in the real‐world setting of 3 headache centers in Australia.MethodsPatients with migraine were prescribed erenumab (70 or 140 mg) in the setting of either a product familiarization program or paid access to the medication in 3 headache centers in Australia. We obtained baseline and monthly prospective data on monthly headache days, monthly migraine days, monthly triptan use days, monthly codeine use days, Headache Impact Test‐6 scores, and adverse reactions. In this paper, we present our data at 3 and 6 months in our subgroup of patients with chronic migraine with and without medication overuse.ResultsA total of 170 patients with chronic migraine were prescribed erenumab in the 3 headache centers. At 3 months, 100/170 (58.8%) had 50% or greater reduction in monthly migraine days. At 6 months, 79/170 (46.5%) had 50% or greater reduction in monthly migraine days. At 6 months, there was a mean reduction in monthly headache days of 9.2 days, a mean reduction in monthly migraine days of 10.2 days. There were few adverse events reported.ConclusionThis is the first report from 3 Australian headache centers about erenumab in the real world. Our analysis has supported erenumab as an effective and well‐tolerated migraine preventative therapy for patients with chronic migraine who have failed many preventative therapies.
Age‐related risk of household transmission of COVID‐19 in Singapore
Authors: Pung Rachael , Park Minah , Cook Alex R. , Lee Vernon J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrior to the implementation of social distancing measures, we monitored the close family contacts of the first 400 cases of COVID‐19 in Singapore for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to determine the risk of infection with age. Adjusting for gender and household size, the risk of COVID‐19 infection in household contacts was found to increase with age.
Establishing fidelity for the creating opportunities for personal empowerment: Symptom and technology management resources (COPE‐STAR) intervention
Authors: Spratling Regena , Faulkner Melissa S. , Chambers Rebecca , Lawrence Patricia , Feinberg Iris , Hayat Matthew J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo establish intervention fidelity for the Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment: Symptom and Technology Management Resources web‐based intervention to assist caregivers of children aged 1–5 years in managing their child's symptoms and medical technology of tracheostomies and feeding tubes at home.DesignDescriptive study of the strategies used to establish intervention fidelity, specifically using expert and caregiver reviewers.MethodsTo establish fidelity of the intervention, experts and caregivers were asked to evaluate the usefulness, ease of use, and acceptability of the intervention and provide any suggestions for the modules. Caregivers provided caregiver and child characteristics and were administered a health literacy measure, the Newest Vital Sign. Intervention fidelity was established from April 2019–July 2019.Results/FindingsExpert and caregiver reviewers (N = 13) all agreed or strongly agreed that the intervention was useful, easy to use, and acceptable. In addition, caregiver reviewers provided care to children who required multiple technologies and a variety of care needs at home and confirmed adequate health literacy (N = 5).ConclusionThe use of expert and caregiver reviewers was very beneficial in establishing intervention fidelity. Caregivers are experts in the care of their child and provide valuable feedback based on their daily experiences at home. Experts provided evidence‐based feedback.ImpactThis nursing intervention addresses caregivers of children who require medical technology by targeting caregiver management for common symptoms, related technologies, and resources for the child and caregiver in the home setting. Intervention fidelity was established and expert and caregiver reviewers confirmed the usefulness, ease of use, and acceptability of the intervention. This study is essential to nursing, other healthcare providers, and healthcare systems in planning and implementing programmes and services for children and their caregivers and for nurse researchers establishing intervention fidelity.Trial registrationThis study is not designated as a clinical trial per NIH/NINR study and grant proposal guidelines.
Take it personal! Development and modelling study of an indicated prevention programme for substance use in adolescents and young adults with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning
Authors: Schijven Esmée P. , VanDerNagel Joanneke E. L. , Otten Roy , Lammers Jeroen , Poelen Evelien A. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis paper describes the theory and development of Take it personal! an indicated prevention programme aimed at reducing substance use in individuals with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning.MethodThe process of the development of Take it personal! followed the steps of the Intervention Mapping protocol. Take it personal! is based on the theory that personality traits are an important construct to understand substance use (14–30 years old). A small modelling study was conducted with six adolescents to examine the feasibility, user‐friendliness and potential effectiveness of the intervention.ResultsThe results showed that the intervention has good feasibility and user‐friendliness. Post‐intervention evaluation of frequency, binge drinking and problematic use indicated that use was lower than at pre‐intervention.ConclusionsTake it Personal! can be a promising preventive intervention designed to reduce substance use in individuals in this target group. A larger scale study is needed to draw further conclusions.
Risk of dementia in patients with periodontitis and related protective factors: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Chia‐Yen , Chang Chuen‐Chau , Lin Chao‐Shun , Yeh Chun‐Chieh , Hu Chaur‐Jong , Wu Ching‐Zong , Chen Ta‐Liang , Liao Chien‐Chang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate the long‐term risk of dementia in patients with periodontitis and its associated factors.Materials and MethodsUsing Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database, we identified 56,018 patients aged ≥50 years with newly diagnosed periodontitis in 2000–2008. A cohort of 56,018 adults without periodontitis was selected for comparison, with matching by age and sex. Both cohorts were followed from 2000 to the end of 2013, and incident dementia was identified during the follow‐up period. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of dementia associated with periodontitis were calculated in the multivariate regressions.ResultsPeriodontitis was associated with dementia risk (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.67–1.93), and the association between periodontitis and dementia risk was significant in men, women, and people aged more than 60 years. Among patients with periodontitis, the use of statins (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.71–0.87), metformin (HR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.44–0.62), and influenza vaccination (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.61–0.74) were associated with a reduced risk of dementia, while diabetes, mental disorders, and stroke were major significant risk factors.ConclusionsPeriodontitis was a risk factor for dementia, while the use of statins and metformin may reduce the risk of dementia.
Ammoglanis natgeorum, a new miniature pencil catfish (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the lower Atabapo River, Amazonas, Venezuela
Authors: Henschel Elisabeth , Lujan Nathan K. , Baskin Jonathan N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new species of the sand‐dwelling catfish genus Ammoglanis is described from a marginal habitat of the lower Atabapo River, a left‐bank blackwater tributary of the upper Orinoco River in Amazonas, Venezuela, adjacent to the border with Colombia. Ammoglanis natgeorum is distinguished from all congeners by trunk pigmentation pattern consisting of scattered ventral chromatophores concentrated around the anal‐fin base and numerous additional meristic and anatomical characteristics. A. natgeorum is the second species of Ammoglanis described from the Orinoco River basin after Ammoglanis pulex, and several shared character states (e.g., eight total dorsal‐fin rays, overall coloration pattern and presence of two finger‐like papillae posterior to chin) suggest that it is more closely related to Ammoglanis obliquus (from the central Amazon basin) and A. pulex than to other congeners.
The Courts, Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Illness: The Case of Dwight Lamon Jones
Authors: Websdale Neil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThrough the lens of the high‐profile spree killing perpetrated by Dwight Lamon Jones in 2018 in Phoenix, Arizona, this article examines the way the criminal and civil courts grappled with assessing the significance, extent, and outcome of the IPV and abuse directed at Dr. Connie Jones, Dwight Jones’s former wife. The case is unusual, not least because Dr. Jones had an upper middle‐class income and numerous resources IPV victims do not normally enjoy. Nevertheless, she felt the courts let her family down. Journalists, victim advocates, and others also criticized the Arizona courts. The article outlines the spree killing and the criticisms of the courts, narratesJonesover a period of nine years including the IPV and mental illness, and, through the work of the Study Committee convened by Arizona Chief Justice Bales, explores the potential use of IPV risk assessments in the courts, particularly the family court, and related matters. It concludes with recommendations regarding possible preventive interventions in IPV cases, including those addressing mental illness.
Effect of freezing methods on quality changes of grass carp during frozen storage
Authors: Jiang Qixing , Yin Ting , Yang Fang , Yu Dawei , Xu Yanshun , Tie Huaimao , Gao Pei , Wang Bin , Xia Wenshui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effects of freezing method on ice crystal, distribution of water and freshness properties of grass carp during frozen storage was investigated. The freezing methods contained air‐blast freezing (AF), immersion freezing (IF) and liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF). Results showed that the freezing speed of IF samples was 4.22 times that of AF samples. Ice crystals of IF samples were smaller than that of AF samples (p < .05). Consequently, there was less damage to muscle fiber, lower water mobility and high retention of texture in IF samples during frozen storage. Meanwhile, equivalent diameter and area ratio of ice crystals increased by 101.2% and 38.8% (IF), 396.8% and 211.3% (LNF) after 5 months of frozen storage. Compared with LNF samples, IF samples had the lower growth rate of ice crystals, almost the same thawing loss and muscle tissue state. Principal component analysis showed that IF was similar to LNF in maintaining quality characteristics of fish. Overall, IF was a promising way to delay the degradation of fish during frozen storage.Practical ApplicationsLiquid nitrogen freezing technology is one of the mature technologies on the market with many advantages because of its fast freezing speed; however, it is prone to cause low‐temperature fracture and whitening of products, affecting sensory quality of products. Immersion freezing technology and the coolants have been improved in recent years. The coolants used in immersion freezing can be recycled for many times and reduce costs of freezing. Once the effect of immersion freezing technology on quality of food is similar to that of liquid nitrogen freezing and the cost is relatively low, it is expected that the immersion freezing technology will be further promoted by industry processors.
miR‐483 is downregulated in pre‐eclampsia via targeting insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and regulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway of endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Han Li , Luo Qing‐qing , Peng Ming‐gang , Zhang Yang , Zhu Xiao‐hui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimPre‐eclampsia is a serious pregnancy‐specific disease with an incidence of 9.4%. MicroRNAs play a key role in regulating factors in pre‐eclampsia, but related research is still limited. This study aims to reveal the role and potential mechanisms of miR‐483 in pre‐eclampsia.MethodsmiR‐483 was detected in venous blood, umbilical cord blood and placental tissue of pre‐eclampsia patients by Real‐time Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF1) and miR‐483 were detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot in endothelial progenitor cells isolated from fetal umbilical cord blood. miR‐483 was overexpressed and inhibited to detect changes of IGF1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in endothelial progenitor cells by qRT‐PCR and western blot.ResultsmiR‐483 was downregulated in venous blood, umbilical cord blood and placental tissue of pre‐eclampsia patients. In endothelial progenitor cells, overexpression of miR‐483 inhibited the expression of IGF1, and inhibition of miR‐483 promoted the expression of IGF1. miR‐483 regulates the expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in endothelial progenitor cells.ConclusionmiR‐483 is downregulated in pre‐eclampsia and regulates endothelial progenitor cells by targeting IGF1. miR‐483 is a potential alternative for diagnosing and treating pre‐eclampsia.