bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Design Considerations for Hemocompatibility within Microfluidic Systems
Authors: Szydzik Crispin , Brazilek Rose J. , Nesbitt Warwick S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe manipulation of blood within in vitro environments presents a persistent challenge, due to the highly reactive nature of blood, and its multifaceted response to material contact, changes in environmental conditions, and stimulation during handling. Microfluidic Lab-on-Chip systems offer the promise of robust point-of-care diagnostic tools and sophisticated research platforms. The capacity for precise control of environmental and experimental conditions afforded by microfluidic technologies presents unique opportunities that are particularly relevant to research and clinical applications requiring the controlled manipulation of blood. A critical bottleneck impeding the translation of existing Lab-on-Chip technology from laboratory bench to the clinic is the ability to reliably handle relatively small blood samples without negatively impacting blood composition or function. This review explores design considerations critical to the development of microfluidic systems intended for use with whole blood from an engineering perspective. Material hemocompatibility is briefly explored, encompassing common microfluidic device materials, as well as surface modification strategies intended to improve hemocompatibility. Operational hemocompatibility, including shear-induced effects, temperature dependence, and gas interactions are explored, microfluidic sample preparation methodologies are introduced, as well as current techniques for on-chip manipulation of the whole blood. Finally, methods of assessing hemocompatibility are briefly introduced, with an emphasis on primary hemostasis and platelet function.
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle electrolysis and rehabilitation and reconditioning program following a hamstring injury reduces “return to play” time in professional soccer players: A case series
Authors: Jiménez-Rubio Sergio , Valera-Garrido Fermín , Minaya-Muñoz Francisco , Navandar Archit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis case series follows the treatment protocol after a grade 2 injury to the proximal semitendinosus muscle using US-guided Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis (PNE) and Rehab & Reconditioning program (RRP) in two professional soccer players. The injury was diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound imaging. The players received one session of PNE 48 hours after the injury. The indoor's phase of the RRP started 24 hours after the PNE technique and then the player proceeded to perform an on-field's phase, following which the players returned to train with the team. The effectiveness of the program was measured by comparing the match-performance data collected through Global Positioning System (GPS) in two matches before and five matches after injury and with ultrasound imaging analyzing the evolution of the muscle injury. No adverse effects were identified during or after the US-Guided PNE technique. Both players missed a single competitive game because of injury (layoff= 16 and 14 days). The GPS variables studied showed similar values before and after injury. PNE and PRR protocol improves the results of the initial phase of muscle repair and reduces the time to return to training and return to play, maintaining the GPS parameters that the players need in high performance.
Minimum 7-Year Outcomes of Dual Mobility Acetabular Cups in Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Tarazi John M. , Salem Hytham S. , Ehiorobo Joseph O. , Sodhi Nipun , Garbarino Luke J. , Gold Peter A. , Mont Michael A. , Harwin Steven F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModular dual mobility cups have been developed to potentially address postoperative hip instability, which can occur in nearly 20% of all revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. By having a prosthetic construct that contains two points of articulation between the femoral head and liner and between the liner and shell, joint stability can be increased. The purpose of this study was to report on dual mobility cup survivorships, patient satisfaction outcomes, complications, and radiographic outcomes at a minimum 7-year follow-up. A high-volume academic surgeon performed a total of 143 consecutive dual mobility primary THAs on patients who had a minimum follow-up of 7 years (range, 7–8.5 years). The study cohort consisted of 77 females (54%) and 66 males (46%) who had a mean age of 65 years (range, 34–90 years). Aseptic, septic, and all-cause survivorship was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Harris Hip Scores (HHS), postoperative complications, and radiographs were also assessed. No cup failures were observed. Overall, septic survivorship was 99.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–1.0) and all-cause survivorship was 98.6% (95% CI: 0.97–1.0). Two patients (1.4%) required revision surgery unrelated to the use of a modular dual mobility cup. Of these, one patient experienced femoral stem loosening and the other developed a periprosthetic infection that was treated with a two-stage revision. The mean total HHS was above 95 points at the most recent follow-up. Three patients (2.3%) experienced medical complications, including two deep vein thromboses and one for nonfatal pulmonary embolism. Radiographic evidence revealed incomplete seating of the metallic liner in one patient. Dual mobility cups were developed in an attempt to decrease the rate of instability following THA. The results from this study indicate that excellent clinical and patient-reported outcomes can be achieved at 7-year follow-up in patients who undergo THA with a dual mobility cup. Therefore, dual mobility cups appear to be an appropriate treatment option for primary THA.
Plasma Citrulline as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants
Authors: Jawale Nilima , Prideaux Mallory , Prasad Malavika , Miller Malki , Rastogi Shantanu ,   for Maimonides Neonatal Group
Published: June 2020

Objective Citrulline synthesized by healthy enterocytes and decreases with injury. This work aimed to study plasma citrulline concentrations (CITs) as a biomarker to differentiate among infants presenting with early nonspecific signs and symptoms of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) with those who will develop NEC. Further to study the correlation between posttreatment CIT with time to full feeds (TTFF) and length of stay (LOS).
Study Design This is a prospective study which included infants < 32 weeks gestational age (GA) with 9 infants each in Group 1 (stage 2/3 NEC), Group 2 (with stage 1 NEC-like presentation), and Group 3 (healthy GA-matched infants). CIT was measured in Groups 1 and 2 within 24 hours of presentation and again in Group 1 after treatment.
Results The three groups were similar in clinical characteristics. Median CIT (µmol/L) in Group 1 (15.4 [interquartile range, IQR: 7.3–18.0]) was lower than Group 2 (22.2 [IQR: 18.3–27.3], p = 0.02) and Group 3 (24.9 [IQR: 19.8–31.9], p = 0.009). Posttreatment CIT in Group 1 did not correlate with TTFF (r = 0.15; p = 0.69) and LOS (r =  − 0.33; p = 0.38).
Conclusion CIT was lower in infants with NEC as compared with healthy controls and those infants with nonspecific signs of NEC. CIT after treatment does not correlate with TTFF and LOS.
Key Points
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Neuropathological Comorbidities
Authors: Stein Thor D. , Crary John F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith age, the presence of multiple neuropathologies in a single individual becomes increasingly common. Given that traumatic brain injury and the repetitive head impacts (RHIs) that occur in contact sports have been associated with the development of many neurodegenerative diseases, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it is becoming critical to understand the relationship and interactions between these pathologies. In fact, comorbid pathology is common in CTE and likely influenced by both age and the severity and type of exposure to RHI as well as underlying genetic predisposition. Here, we review the major comorbid pathologies seen with CTE and in former contact sports athletes and discuss what is known about the associations between RHI, age, and the development of neuropathologies. In addition, we examine the distinction between CTE and age-related pathology including primary age-related tauopathy and age-related tau astrogliopathy.
Evaluation of Stress Patterns in Bone Around Implants for Different Abutment Angulations Under Axial and Oblique Loading in Anterior Maxillary Region—A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Badalia Isha , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay , Mehra Salil , Batra Ritu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Replacing missing anterior teeth with a prosthesis that resembles natural form and function has always been challenging for a prosthodontist. Removable and fixed options both have been extensively studied and researched upon. In modern dentistry, implants have proved to be a more logical option for the same. The morphology of bone present in the premaxilla serves as guide to plan implant angulation during osteotomy. Factors such as age-related bone resorption, trauma or pathologic bone resorption due to periodontitis, etc. causes implants to be placed at angles that are difficult to restore with conventional straight abutments. Angled abutments can help build up favorable functional prosthesis in such cases, but they experience the drawback of transferring unfavorable forces to the implant or bone, thereby compromising the prognosis of the treatment. Clinically, the effect of these forces is difficult to evaluate, so a finite element analysis was done to estimate stress distribution at the bone implant interface.
Materials and Methods In this study, premaxilla was modeled with 15 mm in bone height, 7 mm in bone length, and 12 mm in bone width with 1.5 mm thick cortical bone surrounded by a core of cancellous bone. The implant was modeled as a cylindrical, round-ended device with dimensions, 4.3 mm × 11.5 mm. Abutments with angulations 0°, 10°, 15° and 25° were used. To simulate clinical conditions, a 100 N load axially and 30 N load obliquely was applied.
Result It was seen that, as the abutment angulation changes from 0° to 25°, both the compressive as well as tensile stresses increased; however, they were within the tolerance limit of the bone.
Conclusion The study suggests angled abutments can be used with reasonable success, keeping in mind the basics of implant prosthodontics intact.
Stenting as a Bridge to Surgery or a Palliative Treatment
Authors: Darr Humaa , Abbas Maher A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEndoscopic stenting of the colorectum has emerged as a viable alternative to surgical interventions in a selected group of patients. The main indication for stenting is bowel obstruction. As such stenting can be used to palliate patients with metastatic disease or bridge patients to surgical intervention. The main advantages of stenting in the emergency setting include lower morbidity and mortality, lower incidence of stoma formation, shorter hospitalization, and better quality of life. For patients with unresectable disease and short life expectancy, stenting can be considered. However, for patients with longer life expectancy, the potential long-term complications of a metal stent such as erosion, migration, or obstruction have engendered debate whether such patients are better served by operative intervention. Stenting as a bridge to surgery is an alternative to surgery in patients who are high risk for emergency surgery but concerns remain regarding its impact on oncologic outcome in potentially curable patients.
X-ray processing of a realistic ice mantle can explain the gas abundances in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Ciaravella Angela , Muñoz Caro Guillermo M. , Jiménez-Escobar Antonio , Cecchi-Pestellini Cesare , Hsiao Li-Chieh , Huang Chao-Hui , Chen Yu-Jung 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Of the over 200 molecules observed in the tenuous gas filling the space between stars, many are organic. Such species mostly form in simple molecular ices coating dust grains in dark interstellar regions. Understanding the production of organics in the early stages of star formation is critical to tracing the evolution from simple molecules to potentially life-bearing chemistry. Laboratory experiments have shown that a complex chemistry can originate in ices. We experimentally studied the formation and ejection into the gas phase of organics in ice analogues irradiated by X-rays, obtaining results in close agreement with ALMA observations of protoplanetary disks. X-rays from young solar-type stars are thousands of times higher than today’s sun, with chemical implications, so far, relatively unexplored.
Language choice in peer interactions and the role of peers in minority language maintenance
Authors: Nguyen Trang Thi Thuy , Hamid M. Obaidul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrawing on thepositioningtheory and theconditions for language use, this article examines Vietnamese ethnic minority students’ language choice in interactions with their same-ethnicity and majority peers, focusing particularly on their communication motives underlying this choice. Findings suggest that in regulating their language alternation practices across peer groups in different contexts, the students shifted their participation status – fromaligning(being alike) todisaligning(being distinct) – to (re)position themselves in relation to their peers. As their desires for alignment or disalignment were either supported or disrupted by their peers, peer attitudes played a critical role in providingopportunitiesand encouraging minority students’willingnessto use their L1 in school and ethnic community spaces. Implications are suggested for engaging peer support as a resource for maintaining or widening L1 use among young minority people in both of the domains.
Pinning down text complexity
Authors: Santini Marina , Jönsson Arne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present the results of a corpus-based study where we explore whether it is possible to automatically single out different facets of text complexity in a general-purpose corpus. To this end, we use factor analysis as applied in Biber’s multi-dimensional analysis framework. We evaluate the results of the factor solution by correlating factor scores and readability scores to ascertain whether the selected factor solution matches the independent measurement of readability, which is a notion tightly linked to text complexity. The corpus used in the study is the Swedish national corpus, calledStockholm-Umeå Corpusor SUC. The SUC contains subject-based text varieties (e.g., hobby), press genres (e.g., editorials), and mixed categories (e.g., miscellaneous). We refer to them collectively as ‘registers’. Results show that it is indeed possible to elicit and interpret facets of text complexity using factor analysis despite some caveats. We propose a tentative text complexity profiling of the SUC registers.
Policy style, consistency and the effectiveness of the policy mix in China’s fight against COVID-19
Authors: Mei Ciqi 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTAs the first country stricken by the COVID-19 pandemic, China deployed a policy response that was chaotic at the start but effective in the end. A complete account to explain China’s COVID-19 experience should explain both. By examining policy changes in China’s fight against the pandemic, I show that pandemic as an exogenous shock invalidated the normal policy logics followed by multiple policy actors, resulting in policy inconsistency and chaos. A policy mix comprised traditional measures, i.e. strict community lockdown, cross-jurisdictional mobilization of resources and officials’ sanction contributed to the eventual effectiveness of China’s response to the pandemic. I argue that the policy mix during crises should conform with rooted national policy style to be consistent and effective.
Strong cosmic censorship conjecture with NUT charge and conformal coupling
Authors: Rahman Mostafizur , Mitra Soumodeep , Chakraborty Sumanta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStrong cosmic censorship conjecture is central to the deterministic nature of general relativity, since it asserts that given any generic initial data on a spacelike hypersurface, the future can be uniquely predicted. However, recently it has been found that for charged black holes in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes, the metric and massless scalar fields can be extended beyond the Cauchy horizon. This spells doom on the strong cosmic censorship conjecture, which prohibits precisely this scenario. In this work we try to understand the genericness of the above situation by studying the effect of NUT charge and conformally coupled scalar field on the violation of strong cosmic censorship conjecture for charged asymptotically de Sitter black holes. We have shown that even in the presence of the NUT charge and a conformally coupled scalar field strong cosmic censorship conjecture in indeed violated for such black holes with Cauchy horizon. Moreover, the presence of conformal coupling makes the situation even worse, in the sense that the scalar field is extendible across the Cauchy horizon as aC1function. On the other hand, the strong cosmic censorship conjecture is respected for conformally coupled scalar field in rotating black hole spacetimes with NUT charge. This reinforces the belief that possibly for astrophysical black holes, strong cosmic censorship conjecture is respected, irrespective of the nature of the scalar field.
Tunable, few-cycle, CEP-stable mid-IR optical parametric amplifier for strong field applications
Authors: Musheghyan Mikayel , Geetha Prabhash Prasannan , Faccialà Davide , Pusala Aditya , Crippa Gabriele , Campolo Andrea , Ciriolo Anna G , Devetta Michele , Assion Andreas , Manzoni Cristian , Vozzi Caterina , Stagira Salvatore 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present a robust, three-stage optical parametric amplifier driven by a Ti:Sapphire ultrafast laser system that implements passive carrier-envelope phase stabilization and directly generates five-cycle mid-IR pulses by dispersion compensation. The source is based on potassium titanyl arsenate crystals and exploits intra-pulse difference-frequency seed generation in the mid-IR. This source will be particularly suited for applications in strong-field physics, such as high order harmonic generation and photoelectron spectroscopy.
Optimal design of inverted rotary MR brake with waveform boundary using a novel combined magnetostatic approach
Authors: Saini Radhe Shyam Tak , Kumar Hemantha , Chandramohan Sujatha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the present work, an inverted rotary drum magneto rheological (MR) brake with waveform arc boundary suitable for prosthetic knee application is optimally designed. Often, the magnetostatic analysis is performed assuming linear magnetic systems and solving a lumped parametric equivalent magnetic model (EMM). Although, this reduces the computational time but compromises the accuracy of the solution. On the other hand, finite element magnetostatic (FEMS) analysis combined with a search-based optimization technique requires more time and effort. In this work, an approach combining the EMM and FEMS methods is proposed to optimally design the MR brake. This method requires the optimization algorithm to maintain an external repository so that individuals which are non-dominated at each generation get stored in the repository and only those individuals are allowed to use FEMS method. This approach reduces the number of function calls made to FEMS method and thus reduces the computational time substantially. A recently proposed multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) which evaluates the global best using minimum distance of point of line (MDPL) method is implemented with the proposed combined magnetostatic method. While FEMS method alone resulted in an average computational time of 7.25 h, the proposed method evaluated a similar Pareto front solution in 38 min. Finally, the optimal design is compared to other prosthetic knee MR brakes from the literature.
Quantification of H/D content in Be/W mixtures coatings by CF-LIBS
Authors: Veis P , Marín-Roldán A , Dwivedi V , Karhunen J , Paris P , Jõgi I , Porosnicu C , Lungu C P , Nemanic V , Hakola A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In ITER, a remote handling laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system is considered to be able to observe regions where deposition of thick layers is expected to occur and assess the retention of fuel on wall structures. The H and D contents of surface layers on divertor and first-wall materials have been intensely studied by LIBS but mostly by depth profile analysis of D. As far as we know, quantitative analysis of H/D in BeW mixed layer by calibration free-LIBS (CF-LIBS) has not been performed. Thus, the aim of this work is the quantification of the relative concentrations of D and H in Be-based material samples by CF-LIBS. The samples used were Be/W(67:33) as mixed homogeneous coatings (2 μm) on Mo substrates. Laser ablation was performed using a 1064 nm laser with 5 ns pulses. In order to enhance the resolution to distinguish H, D and in future T from each other, two different pressures were used: high vacuum and 0.5 mbar of Ar. Suitable Be and W spectral lines (without interferences and self-absorption) have been selected for precise evaluation of the electron temperature, T

e
, of the plasma using the Boltzmann plots. The electron density, n

e
, was extracted from the Saha equation using the average electron temperatures obtained from the Stark broadening of the H
α
line. With these values, the D content of the samples has been calculated by CF LIBS as ∼4.7% ± 2.9%. These results are in a good agreement with thermal desorption spectroscopy measurements, which gives a 4–5 at% for the D content. In addition, the depth profile is similar to that recorded using secondary ion mass spectrometry.
Redshift drift in uniformly accelerated reference frame *
Authors: Chang Zhe , Zhu Qing-Hua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We construct an alternative uniformly accelerated reference frame based on a 3+1 formalism in adapted coordinates. In this frame, a time-dependent redshift drift exists between co-moving observers, which differs from that in Rindler coordinates. This phenomenon can be tested in a laboratory and improve our understanding of non-inertial frames.