bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sustainable Development Club: A Practical Approach
Authors: Zhao Xinyan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe ongoing WTO plurilateral negotiations could break the stagnation of WTO multilateral negotiations and bring TSDCs into WTO law. However, these negotiations still leave much to be desired. This chapter argues that WTO members should establish a sustainable development club within the WTO to constitutionalise the organisation, thereby incorporating the TSDCs required for the sustainability test into WTO rules. Why is the sustainable development club necessary for constitutionalising the WTO? Would WTO members accept this approach? This chapter addresses these two questions. The chapter begins by introducing the concept of the sustainable development club and explaining its implications for the constitutionalisation of the WTO. It also recognises that the sustainable development club, as a plurilateral mechanism, could undermine the WTO’s multilateral negotiation system. This chapter explains why WTO members must adopt this plurilateral strategy to facilitate negotiations on TSDCs. Additionally, it discusses how to minimise the side effects of this approach and anticipates the difficulties and opportunities that the sustainable development club will encounter.
Innovationen in der Versorgung von Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen während der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland, Frankreich und Großbritannien
Authors: Miani Céline , Niemann Jana 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die COVID-19-Pandemie hatte drastische Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheitssysteme vieler Länder. Zur Aufrechterhaltung der Versorgung mussten umgehend Lösungen gefunden werden, wobei sich auch das Potenzial ergab, Innovationen zu beschleunigen. So wurde beispielsweise der Zugang zu Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen während der Pandemie durch „Telehealth für frühen medikamentösen Schwangerschaftsabbruch“ (TEMA) verstärkt genutzt.
In diesem narrativen Übersichtsartikel werden Deutschland, Frankreich und Großbritannien in Hinblick auf die Entwicklung der Anzahl, Methoden und Settings von Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen in den Jahren 2018–2023 verglichen. Veränderungen im Versorgungsangebot und in der Gesetzgebung während der Pandemie werden dargestellt und die Unterschiede zwischen den Ländern sowie die verschiedenen Innovationsfaktoren diskutiert. Dazu wurden nationale Statistiken analysiert und es fand eine Literatur- und Onlinerecherche (Rapid-Review) statt.
In den 3 Ländern zeigen sich unterschiedliche Abbruchraten und Anteile medikamentöser Abbrüche sowie Auswirkungen der Pandemie; ein Anstieg von Telehealth ist aus einigen Quellen ersichtlich. In Frankreich und Großbritannien, wo medikamentöser Schwangerschaftsabbruch die Hauptmethode des Abbruchs ist, waren Dienstleistungen im Zusammenhang mit Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen schon vor der Pandemie leichter zugänglich. Während der Pandemie wurde hier TEMA, inkl. Versenden von Medikamenten, offiziell eingeführt. In Deutschland wurde TEMA erstmals durch Nichtregierungsorganisationen angeboten. Nachhaltigkeit und Verbreitung der Neuerungen bleiben fragil, insbesondere in Deutschland, wo der disruptive Ansatz einiger Organisationen noch keinen Eingang in die allgemeinen Gesundheitsdienste gefunden hat.
The influence of lipoprotein(a) on aortic valve calcification in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Bormann Johanna , Rudolph Felix , Miller Maximilian , Waezsada Sara , Kirchner Johannes , Bleiziffer Sabine , Friedrichs Kai P. , Rudolph Volker , Rudolph Tanja K. , Gerçek Muhammed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) have been recognized as substantial risk factors for cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis (AS). However, the specific role of Lp(a) in promoting aortic valve calcification (AVC) and influencing mortality in elderly, multimorbid patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains unclear and warrants further investigation.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on all consecutive patients who underwent TAVR between August 2019 and June 2020 at our clinic. Patients with missing data or prior aortic valve replacement were excluded. The study cohort was stratified based on an Lp(a) threshold of 60 mg/dl according to guidelines for lipoprotein apheresis in UK and Germany.1,2

Results
In total, 454 patients were included into the analysis. Mean age was 81 ± 6 years and patients presented with a notable cardiovascular risk profile. Lp(a) values ≥ 60 mg/dl were detected in 102 (22.5%) patients, while 352 (77.5%) had Lp(a) values < 60 mg/dl. The median calcium volume of the total cohort was 894.5 [570.8; 1,382.8] mm2. No significant difference was observed between the groups (p = 0.83). Furthermore, Lp(a) did not emerge as a statistically significant predictor of calcium levels before TAVR. Notably, male gender (B = 404.11, p < 0.001) and mean trans-valvular pressure gradient (B = 15.64, p < 0.001) were identified as the strongest coefficients within the robust regression analysis. Log-rank tests indicated no prognostic utility of Lp(a) for 30-day all-cause mortality (p = 0.30) or 40 months long-term all-cause mortality (p = 0.60).

Conclusion
Lp(a) might not exert a significant effect on calcification levels or all-cause mortality in patients undergoing TAVR. Despite the study’s highly selected population, these results align with current research, supporting the assumption that the influence of Lp(a) may be confined to the early stages of AS and its progression.
Exploring the dynamics of dynamic ride-sharing: insights from a sensitivity analysis with an agent-based simulation
Authors: Müller Johannes , Nassar Eyad , Straub Markus , Moreno Ana Tsui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study delves into the potential of dynamic ride-sharing (DRS) systems utilizing the agent-based simulation framework MATSim. Through a comprehensive sensitivity analysis across various scenarios, we investigate the efficacy of a newly developed dynamic ride-sharing extension and unveil key insights. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of user willingness in driving DRS utilization, emphasizing the necessity of flexible departure times to accommodate diverse user preferences. Furthermore, we advocate for the inclusion of short trips within DRS options and highlight the efficacy of incentivizing DRS drivers, albeit with caution regarding unintended consequences such as modal shifts. Despite observing an increase in Vehicle Kilometers Traveled after DRS implementation, our study elucidates the nuanced nature of this increase, particularly regarding unmatched DRS drivers. In a “maximum scenario”, we identify the utmost potential for DRS adoption, shedding light on its viability under conducive circumstances and offering valuable insights for future transportation planning and policy-making.
Household income and county income inequality are associated with financial hardship among cancer survivors in New Jersey
Authors: Grafova Irina B. , Devine Katie A. , Hudson Shawna V. , O’Malley Denalee , Paddock Lisa E. , Bandera Elisa V. , Llanos Adana A. M. , Fong Angela J. , Evens Andrew M. , Manne Sharon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To examine how household income and county income inequality are linked to financial hardship among cancer survivors.

Methods
Cancer survivors (n = 864) identified through the New Jersey State Cancer Registry were surveyed from August 2018 to January 2022. Local area income inequality was reflected by the Gini index a measure of income inequality at the county level. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, and the average marginal effect (AME) was calculated.

Results
Compared to survivors residing in households with income of $90,000 or more (higher income), those with household incomes between $50,000 and $89,999 (middle income) had a significantly higher risk of ever being unable to cover their share of the cost of cancer-related medical care (AME = .104, p = .001), higher risk of foregoing care in the past 12 months because of cost, including dental care (AME = .124, p < .001), eye care (AME = .082, p = .005), and mental health care or counseling (AME = .067, p = .002). An increase in the Gini index from the 25th to 75th percentile was associated with an increased risk of unmet needs in paying for follow-up care or medications related to cancer (AME = .021, p = .014) and an increased risk of foregoing doctor visits (AME = .017, p = .02) and eye care (AME = .03, p = .002) because of cost in the past 12 months.

Conclusions
Local area income inequality was associated with certain aspects of cancer survivors’ experience of financial hardship.

Implications for cancer survivors
It is important to consider refining and extending financial navigation programs to survivors residing in areas with high income inequality.
On the connectivity of graph Lipscomb’s spaces
Authors: Kubiś Wiesław , Miculescu Radu , Mihail Alexandru , Nowak Magdalena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA central role in topological dimension theory is played by Lipscomb’s space $$J_{A}$$

J
A

since it is a universal space for metric spaces of weight $$|A|\ge \aleph _{0}$$

|
A
|

≥

ℵ
0

. On the one hand, Lipscomb’s space is the attractor of a possibly infinite iterated function system, i.e. it is a generalized Hutchinson-Barnsley fractal. As, on the other hand, some classical fractal sets are universal spaces, one can conclude that there exists a strong connection between topological dimension theory and fractal set theory. A generalization of Lipscomb’s space, using graphs, has been recently introduced (see Miculescu and Mihail in Aequat Math, 96:1141–1157, 2022). It is denoted by $$J_{A}^{\mathcal {G}}$$

J

A

G

and is called the graph Lipscomb’s space associated with the graph $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
on the set A. It turns out that it is a topological copy of a generalized Hutchinson-Barnsley fractal. This paper provides a characterization of those graphs $$\mathcal {G}$$
G
for which $$J_{A}^{\mathcal {G}}$$

J

A

G

is connected. In the particular case when A is finite, some supplementary characterizations are presented.
Feeling with the Victim: Empathy for Suffering as a Job Stressor in Internet Child Exploitation Investigation
Authors: Kleineidam Nicolai Johannes , Fischbach Andrea 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInvestigating internet child exploitation cases poses unique stress for investigators routinely exposed to traumatic material. We posit that this stress arises not only from exposure but also from empathy for victims' suffering, which acts as a predominant job stressor. Drawing from the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, our study examines the relationship between empathy for suffering and burnout, as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), among investigators in internet child exploitation cases. We further explore how social support from colleagues moderates these effects. In an online study of 168 investigators (90 women), our findings reveal that empathy for suffering is positively correlated with PTSD and burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion and cynicism), independent of exposure. While prolonged exposure to traumatic content contributes to PTSD, empathy significantly amplifies stress. Social support from colleagues partially moderates the relationship between stressors and adverse health outcomes, serving as a crucial job resource. Our results suggest that, while exposure to disturbing material is a job hazard, empathy for suffering emerges as the predominant stressor. These findings highlight the importance of addressing both exposure and empathy in risk assessment and health promotion strategies for internet child exploitation investigators, with a focus on enhancing social support within the workplace.
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 Antibody-associated Epilepsy and Diplopia: Two Case Reports with Literature Review
Authors: Chen Bofei , Shi Yi , Guo Jiahui , Qiu Zhiruo , Shen Beibei , Jiang Lina , Fang Jiajia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibody-associated epilepsy and diplopia are relatively rare. This article retrospectively analyzed the disease development, diagnosis and treatment process of two cases of GAD65-associated epilepsy with diplopia. Both patients initially exhibited seizures, followed by the onset of diplopia and nystagmus. Due to differences in their diagnostic processes, the two patients showed varying prognoses after treatment. When diplopia and nystagmus are present in patients with epilepsy, these symptoms are often easily attributed to the side effects of antiepileptic medications or not associated with the epilepsy, potentially leading to the oversight of the possibility of GAD65 neurological syndrome. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the potential association of anti-GAD65 antibodies in epilepsy patients presenting with diplopia, avoidance of missed diagnosis. Furthermore, diplopia and nystagmus may be precursors to ataxia, therefore, when diplopia occurs, proactive treatment should be initiated to prevent disease progression and avoid poor patient outcomes.
Association of Parity with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan
Authors: Wang Hongxin , Iwama Noriyuki , Yuwaki Keiichi , Nakamichi You , Hamada Hirotaka , Tomita Hasumi , Tagami Kazuma , Kudo Rie , Kumagai Natsumi , Metoki Hirohito , Nakaya Naoki , Hozawa Atsushi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Yaegashi Nobuo , Saito Masatoshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the association between parity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japanese women, considering the clinical history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and menopausal status, which are known risk factors for T2DM. Overall, 30,116 Japanese women (6,588 premenopausal and 23,528 postmenopausal) were included in this cross-sectional study. They were divided into two groups according to menopausal status (premenopausal and postmenopausal women), and the association between parity and T2DM was evaluated using a multiple logistic regression model with possible confounders, including a clinical history of GDM. The association between parity and T2DM was not statistically significant in premenopausal women. In contrast, a linear graded association between parity and T2DM was found in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, the association between parity and T2DM in postmenopausal women was attenuated after adjusting for body weight gain after the age of 20 years. A clinical history of GDM was significantly associated with a high risk for T2DM, regardless of adjustment for body weight gain after the age of 20 years in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Parity is associated with an increased risk of T2DM in postmenopausal women but not in premenopausal women. Maintaining appropriate body weight would be beneficial in attenuating the risk of T2DM in postmenopausal women. A clinical history of GDM is a risk factor for T2DM in both pre- and postmenopausal women; therefore, women with a clinical history of GDM require continuous medical care to survey for T2DM.
Friction and heat transfer in forced air convection with variable physical properties
Authors: Modesti Davide , Pirozzoli Sergio 
Published: December 2024

We establish a theoretical framework for predicting friction and heat transfer coefficients in variable-property forced air convection. Drawing from concepts in high-speed wall turbulence, which also involves significant temperature, viscosity and density variations, we utilize the mean momentum balance and mean thermal balance equations to develop integral transformations that account for the impact of variable fluid properties. These transformations are then applied inversely to predict the friction and heat transfer coefficients, leveraging the universality of passive scalars transport theory. Our proposed approach is validated using a comprehensive dataset from direct numerical simulations (DNS), covering both heating and cooling conditions up to a friction Reynolds number

$\textit {Re}_\tau \approx 3200$

. The predicted friction and heat transfer coefficients closely match the DNS data with accuracy margin 1–2 %, representing a significant improvement over the current state of the art.
The MAGPI Survey: Insights into the Lyα line widths and the size of ionised bubbles at the edge of cosmic reionisation
Authors: Mukherjee Tamal , Zafar Tayyaba , Nanayakkara Themiya , Gupta Anshu , Gurung-López Siddhartha , Battisti Andrew , Wisnioski Emily , Foster Caroline , Mendel Jon Trevor , Harborne Katherine , Lagos Claudia , Kodama Tadayuki , Croom Scott , Thater Sabine , Webb Jacinda , Barsanti Stefania , Sweet Sarah , Prathap Jahang , Valenzuela Lucas , Mailvaganam Anilkumar , Carrillo Martinez Jose Luis 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present spectroscopic properties of 22 Ly

$\alpha$

emitters (LAEs) at

$z = 5.5 - 6.6$

with Ly

$\alpha$

luminosity

$\mathrm{log}( L_{\mathrm{Ly}\alpha} \, [\mathrm{erg} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}]) = 42.4 - 43.5 $

, obtained using VLT/MUSE as part of the Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with Integral Field Spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey. Additionally, we incorporate broad-band photometric data from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Wide layer for 17 LAEs in our sample. The HSC-y band magnitudes show that our LAEs are UV-bright, with rest-frame absolute UV magnitudes

$ -19.74 \leq \mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{UV}} \leq -23.27$

. We find that the Ly

$\alpha$

line width increases with Ly

$\alpha$

luminosity, and this trend becomes more prominent at

$z \gt 6$

where Ly

$\alpha$

lines become significantly broadened (

$\gtrsim+260 \, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$

) at luminosities

$\mathrm{log}( L_{\mathrm{Ly}\alpha} \, [\mathrm{erg} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}]) \gt 43 $

. This broadening is consistent with previous studies, suggesting that these sources are located inside larger ionised bubbles. We observe a slightly elevated ionising photon production efficiency estimated for LAEs at

$z \gt 6$

, which indicates that younger galaxies could be producing more ionising photons per UV luminosity. A tentative anti-correlation between ionising photon production efficiency and Ly

$\alpha$

rest-frame equivalent width is noticed, which could indicate a time delay between production and escape of ionising photon primarily due to supernovae activity. Furthermore, we find a positive correlation between radius of ionised regions and Ly

$\alpha$

line width, which again suggests that large ionised bubbles are created around these LAEs, which are allowing them to self-shield from the scattering effects of the intergalactic medium (IGM). We also detect two very closely separated LAEs at

$z = 6.046$

(projected spatial distance between the cores is 15.92 kpc). This is the LAE pair with the smallest separation ever discovered in the reionisation epoch. The size of their respective bubbles suggests that they likely sit inside a common large ionised region. Such a closely separated LAE pair increases the size of ionised bubble, potentially allowing a boosted transmission of Ly

$\alpha$

through neutral IGM and also supports an accelerated reionisation scenario.
A novel dual-band absorber for millimeter-wave RADAR applications
Authors: Govindarajan Geethanjali , Gulam Nabi Alsath Mohammed , Savarimuthu Kirubaveni , Kanagasabai Malathi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA linearly polarized dual-resonant millimeter-wave absorber for Radio Detection And Ranging (RADAR)applications is presented in this paper. The frequency-selective absorber (FSA) is composed of solitarily using the distributed elements. The proposed FSA achieves a dual-band resonance characteristic utilizing the mutual coupling between concentric square loops, the second harmonic mode of the Jerusalem cross, and the corrugated cross grids. The proposed dual-band FSA operates from 25.5 to 26.5 GHz (1 GHz) (fL) and 31.8 GHz–32.5 GHz (0.7 GHz) (fH) with minimum absorptivity of 96% and 92%, respectively. The desired frequency response of the proposed unit cell is demonstrated by an equivalent circuit model. The FSA prototype is fabricated and the simulated results are validated using experimental measurements. The proposed FSA is a suitable candidate for stealth application in defense and military systems.
War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health 15 years on: implications of an ecological framework for addressing the mental health of conflict-affected populations
Authors: Miller K. E. , Rasmussen A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Fifteen years ago, we published an article in Social Science and Medicine seeking to resolve the contentious debate between advocates of two very different frameworks for understanding and addressing the mental health needs of conflict-affected populations. The two approaches, which we labelled trauma-focused and psychosocial, reflect deeply held beliefs about the causes and nature of distress in war-affected communities. Drawing on the burgeoning literature on armed conflict and mental health, the reports of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) staff in the field, and on research on the psychology and psychophysiology of stress, we proposed an integrative model that drew on the strengths of both frameworks and underscored their essential complementarity. Our model includes two primary pathways by which armed conflict impacts mental health: directly, through exposure to war-related violence and loss, and indirectly, through the harsh conditions of everyday life caused or exacerbated by armed conflict. The mediated model we proposed draws attention to the effects of stressors both past (prior exposure to war-related violence and loss) and present (ongoing conflict, daily stressors), at all levels of the social ecology; for that reason, we have termed it an ecological model for understanding the mental health needs of conflict-affected populations.

Methods
In the ensuing 15 years, the model has been rigorously tested in diverse populations and has found robust support. In this paper, we first summarize the development and key tenets of the model and briefly review recent empirical support for it. We then discuss the implications of an ecological framework for interventions aimed at strengthening mental health in conflict-affected populations.

Results
We present preliminary evidence suggesting there has been a gradual shift towards more ecological (i.e., multilevel, multimodal) programming in MHPSS interventions, along the lines suggested by our model as well as other conceptually related frameworks, particularly public health.

Conclusions
We reflect on several gaps in the model, most notably the absence of adverse childhood experiences. We suggest the importance of examining early adversity as both a direct influence on mental health and as a potential moderator of the impact of potentially traumatic war-related experiences of violence and loss.