bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric liver transplantation in Australia and New Zealand: The case for a collaborative anesthetic database
Authors: Paterson Neil A. B. , Lee‐Archer Paul , Shirley Anna , Lee Julie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplantation is conducted with strict oversight of organizational structure and clinical practice. However, specific regulations pertaining to the delivery of anesthetic services are lacking and consideration of departmental structure and mechanisms for quality control must occur at a local level. Busy centers collect and process sufficient data to guide this process but those with low case loads may not generate enough data for useful analysis. In Australia and New Zealand, pediatric liver transplants are performed at only four locations. As these operations are not equally distributed geographically or temporally there are periods of low activity at some centers. As anesthesia affects patient outcome, quality assurance activities are important in this setting.AimsProvide a global overview of the structure and function of liver transplantation networks. Identify issues related to provision of pediatric anesthetic services with specific reference to Australasia. Examine anesthetic data from a single pediatric center to illustrate benefits and limitations of such activity.MethodsPediatric liver transplant centers from Australia and New Zealand were surveyed to determine the organizational and logistical issues related to a liver transplant service. An audit of 15 years of liver transplants from a single center was conducted for benchmarking purposes and to identify changes in anesthetic practice over time.ResultsPediatric liver transplants performed in Queensland from January 2005 to December 2019 were reviewed. Changes in transfusion practice reflected international trends. Morbidity and mortality were comparable to international data. Important complications such as hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis were uncommon and did not generate enough data for further analysis.ConclusionsCombining the anesthetic liver transplant data from all sites in a single registry would expand data collection and generate broadly applicable findings. We propose the establishment of an Australasian pediatric anesthetic liver transplant database.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Clinical Outcomes: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Warner Nafisseh S. , Schaefer Kalli K. , Eldrige Jason S. , Lamer Tim J. , Pingree Matthew J. , Bendel Markus A. , Warner Matthew A. , Rho Richard H. , Mauck William D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposePeripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is a rapidly expanding field within neuromodulation; however, there is limited data on therapeutic efficacy. This study describes the indications and clinical outcomes for patients undergoing PNS for chronic pain states.Patients and MethodsThis is a retrospective case series of adults undergoing PNS implantation from 2004 to 2017 at an academic medical center. The primary outcomes were changes in numeric rating scale (NRS) pain scores, opioid utilization in oral morphine milligram equivalent (MME), and self‐reported patient functioning at 6 months postoperatively. Infectious and device‐related complications were also assessed.ResultsA total of 72 patients underwent PNS implantation, including 59 patients that received a preceding PNS trial (59/78; 76% progression rate) and 13 that did not receive a PNS trial. The most common indication for stimulation was occipital neuralgia (47%) followed by lower‐extremity neuropathies (17%). PNS implantation was associated with 6‐month reductions in pain scores (7 [6, 8] baseline vs. 4 [2, 5] 6 months; P < 0.001) and opioid utilization (eg, median 60 [31, 104] vs. 18 [0, 52] MME among those with baseline opioid use; P < 0.001). Median functional improvement was 73% (50%, 88%). Seven patients (10%) suffered a postoperative surgical site infection at a median of 50 (30, 124) days, of which five devices were removed.ConclusionPeripheral nerve stimulation was associated with reduced pain scores, lower opioid utilization, and improved patient function at 6 months. These data support PNS as a potentially effective nonopioid analgesic modality in chronic pain, though prospective multicenter evaluation is warranted to evaluate longer‐term outcomes.
Giant congenital fibroepithelial polyp of the scrotum
Authors: Kubelis‐López David Emmanuel , Figueroa‐Morales Ana Lizzeth , Reyna‐Rodríguez Irving Llibrán , Garza‐Rodríguez Verónica , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Gutiérrez‐González Adrián , García‐Chairez Luis Roberto , Piñeiro‐Martínez Antonio , Enrriquez‐Avila Joana Valeria , Alba‐Rojas Erika 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFibroepithelial polyps are common tumors of mesodermal origin. However, only a few case reports of giant fibroepithelial polyps have been published, and they have mainly involved adults. This case report describes a 3‐month‐old boy with a pedunculated mass in the scrotum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a giant congenital fibroepithelial polyp on this location.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Phytophthora species associated with root and crown rot of pomegranate in Iran
Authors: Ghaderi Fariba , Habibi Azadeh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to identify the pathogens causing root and crown rot in major pomegranate‐growing areas of Iran. Infected tissue samples were collected from trees with symptoms from 49 pomegranate orchards in four provinces of Iran: Fars, Markazi, Isfahan, and Kohgiluyeh va Boyer‐Ahmad. In total, 23 Phytophthora spp. isolates were obtained, which were identified as P. cryptogea species complex (12 isolates) and P. cinnamomi (11 isolates) based on morphological characters. Molecular confirmation of identification was performed by inference of phylogeny of ITS‐rDNA regions, β‐tubulin gene, and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. The results of our phylogenetic analysis confirmed the morphological identification of P. cinnamomi isolates and placed them in Clade 7c of Phytophthora. In addition, the P. cryptogea species complex isolates, despite morphological similarities, were in fact four distinct species including P. cryptogea sensu stricto (two isolates), P. pseudocryptogea (one isolate), P. sp. kelmania (one isolate), and P. erythroseptica (six isolates). This is the first report of pomegranate root and crown rot caused by P. cinnamomi and P. cryptogea species complex.
Acute coronary syndrome following arteriovenous fistula creation in a post CABG patient: A steal phenomenon from coronary artery to subclavian artery
Authors: Alemzadeh‐Ansari Mohammad Javad , Sarreshtehdari Ali , Abdi Seifollah , Moosavi Jamal , Shafe Omid , Sadeghipour Parham , Pouraliakbar Hamidreza , Mohebbi Bahram 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 70‐year‐old man with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting 15 years back and arteriovenous (AV) fistula creation in the left arm 1 month back presented with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). He had not received dialysis before his referral. We felt the most likely etiology for these complaints was increased cardiac oxygen demand from an increased cardiac output related to the newly formed left AV fistula. Coronary angiography was done to detect any significant stenosis in the native or grafted vessels. This revealed that the left subclavian artery was totally occluded in the ostioproximal segment and the coronary arteries did not have occlusions to explain the ACS setting. CT angiography confirmed the angiographic findings of the totally occluded left subclavian artery followed by a well‐developed and patent left internal mammary artery to left anterior descending artery. This led to the consideration of a steal syndrome from the coronary artery by the subclavian artery distal to the occlusion. A successful percutaneous endovascular intervention on the left subclavian artery occlusion was performed. Subsequently, the patient became asymptomatic and experienced a dramatic increase in left ventricular ejection fraction.
Minimally important change and smallest detectable change of the OSTRC questionnaire in half‐ and full‐marathon runners
Authors: Franke Thierry P. C. , de Vet Henrica C. W. , Huisstede Bionka M. A. 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the smallest detectable change (SDC), minimally important change (MIC), and factor structure of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC) questionnaire severity score in half‐ and full‐marathon runners. Data came from a prospective cohort study, the SUcces Measurement and Monitoring Utrecht Marathon (SUMMUM) 2017 study. Two external anchors, the global rating of change (GRC) and global rating of limitations (GRL), were used to classify the running‐related injuries (RRI) as truly improved, unchanged, or truly worsened. SDC values were calculated at individual and group levels. MIC values were calculated using the visual anchor‐based MIC distribution and mean change methods. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to study the a priori hypothesized factor structure. A total of 132 runners who reported the same RRI on two occasions 2 weeks apart were included in the analysis. SDC values at individual and group levels were ≤35.06 and ≤9.30, respectively. With the visual anchor‐based MIC distribution method, the MIC values for RRIs that truly improved according to the GRC and GRL anchors were 13.50 and 18.50, respectively. With the mean change method, the MIC values for RRIs that truly improved according to the GRC and GRL anchors were 15.49 and 45.38, respectively. The CFA confirmed that the OSTRC was a unidimensional questionnaire. The change score of the OSTRC severity score can be used to distinguish between important change and measurement error at a group level using the MIC value 18.50. Because the SDC of the OSTRC severity score was larger than the MIC, it is not advised to use the MIC at an individual level.
Glocal Peace Mediators as Norm Translators
Authors: Kastner Philipp 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInternational peace mediators operate within a normative universe constituted of interrelated, overlapping and evolving norms. They are constantly involved in the application, creation and adaptation of different norms, whether consciously or unconsciously, explicitly or implicitly. This article interrogates the increasingly complex normative dimensions of peace mediation and, especially, the ways in which peace mediators navigate and translate different norms. It seeks to fill two significant gaps in the existing literature. With respect to the emerging literature on norms in peace mediation, the article innovates by drawing on critical legal pluralism. Through this approach, and by building on legal‐anthropological work on transnational human rights norms as well as on recent empirical studies on peace mediators, the article also adds to the existing international relations scholarship on norms and norm translation, which has not focused on mediation as a site, or on the involvement of mediators as a form of agency.
Ellipsis with a Coordinated Antecedent: An Alternative to V‐strandingVP‐ellipsis
Authors: Landau Idan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGribanova (2013b) observes that when the antecedent clause for an object gap in Russian contains a disjunction of ditransitiveVPs, the gap is interpreted as if it contained the disjunction, thus favoring a V‐strandingVP‐ellipsis (VSVPE) analysis over a simple Argument Ellipsis (AE) analysis. We show thatVSVPEfails to predict the attested interpretation of the gap when the antecedentVPcontains aconjunction. The data are fully explained by combiningAEwith a pragmatic (scalar) inference triggered in situations of indeterminate ellipsis resolution, leading to multiple “cycles” in the dynamic semantics.
Efficacy of β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitors to treat extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacterales bacteremia secondary to urinary tract infection in kidney transplant recipients (INCREMENT‐SOT Project)
Authors: Pierrotti Ligia C. , Pérez‐Nadales Elena , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , Gutiérrez‐Gutiérrez Belén , Tan Ban Hock , Carratalà Jordi , Oriol Isabel , Paul Mical , Cohen‐Sinai Noa , López‐Medrano Francisco , San‐Juan Rafael , Montejo Miguel , Freire Maristela P. , Cordero Elisa , David Miruna D. , Merino Esperanza , Mehta Steinke Seema , Grossi Paolo A. , Cano Ángela , Seminari Elena M. , Valerio Maricela , Gunseren Filiz , Rana Meenakshi , Mularoni Alessandra , Martín‐Dávila Pilar , van Delden Christian , Hamiyet Demirkaya Melike , Koçak Tufan Zeliha , Loeches Belén , Iyer Ranganathan N. , Soldani Fabio , Eriksson Britt‐Marie , Pilmis Benoît , Rizzi Marco , Coussement Julien , Clemente Wanessa T. , Roilides Emmanuel , Pascual Álvaro , Martínez‐Martínez Luis , Rodríguez‐Baño Jesús , Torre‐Cisneros Julian , Aguado José María ,   Investigators from the REIPI/INCREMENT‐SOT Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhether active therapy with β‐lactam/β‐lactamase inhibitors (BLBLI) is as affective as carbapenems for extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacterales (ESBL‐E) bloodstream infection (BSI) secondary to urinary tract infection (UTI) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 306 KTR admitted to 30 centers from January 2014 to October 2016. Therapeutic failure (lack of cure or clinical improvement and/or death from any cause) at days 7 and 30 from ESBL‐E BSI onset was the primary and secondary study outcomes, respectively.ResultsTherapeutic failure at days 7 and 30 occurred in 8.2% (25/306) and 13.4% (41/306) of patients. Hospital‐acquired BSI (adjusted OR [aOR]: 4.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50‐11.20) and Pitt score (aOR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.21‐1.77) were independently associated with therapeutic failure at day 7. Age‐adjusted Charlson Index (aOR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.05‐1.48), Pitt score (aOR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.35‐2.17), and lymphocyte count ≤500 cells/μL at presentation (aOR: 3.16; 95% CI: 1.42‐7.06) predicted therapeutic failure at day 30. Carbapenem monotherapy (68.6%, primarily meropenem) was the most frequent active therapy, followed by BLBLI monotherapy (10.8%, mostly piperacillin‐tazobactam). Propensity score (PS)‐adjusted models revealed no significant impact of the choice of active therapy (carbapenem‐containing vs any other regimen, BLBLI‐ vs carbapenem‐based monotherapy) within the first 72 hours on any of the study outcomes.ConclusionsOur data suggest that active therapy based on BLBLI may be as effective as carbapenem‐containing regimens for ESBL‐E BSI secondary to UTI in the specific population of KTR. Potential residual confounding and unpowered sample size cannot be excluded (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02852902).
Post kidney transplant histoplasmosis: An under‐recognized diagnosis in India
Authors: Rana Abhyudaysingh , Kotton Camille N. , Mahapatra Amit , Nandwani Ashish , Sethi Sidharth , Bansal Shyam B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHistoplasmosis is an invasive mycosis caused by fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Clinical features of histoplasmosis are often nonspecific, but patients with disseminated infection may present with severe manifestations posing an increasing threat to patients with various immunocompromised conditions. It is often misdiagnosed as tuberculosis in endemic regions leading to high mortality. There is under‐reporting of histoplasmosis in solid organ transplant from India undermining its actual incidence and impact. As a result of the potentially fatal nature of the disease, careful evaluation with tissue diagnosis is recommended. We present a series of five cases of disseminated histoplasmosis in renal transplant recipients from our centre, highlighting its significance as differential diagnosis in this population. To our knowledge, this is the largest case series reported from India in renal transplant patients.
Ammonium stress increases microautophagic activity while impairing macroautophagic flux in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Robert Germán , Yagyu Mako , Koizumi Takaya , Naya Loreto , Masclaux‐Daubresse Céline , Yoshimoto Kohki 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYPlant responses to NH4 + stress are complex, and multiple mechanisms underlying NH4 + sensitivity and tolerance in plants may be involved. Here, we demonstrate that macro‐ and microautophagic activities are oppositely affected in plants grown under NH4 + toxicity conditions. When grown under NH4 + stress conditions, macroautophagic activity was impaired in roots. Root cells accumulated autophagosomes in the cytoplasm, but showed less autophagic flux, indicating that late steps of the macroautophagy process are affected under NH4 + stress conditions. Under this scenario, we also found that the CCZ1‐MON1 complex, a critical factor for vacuole delivery pathways, functions in the late step of the macroautophagic pathway in Arabidopsis. In contrast, an accumulation of tonoplast‐derived vesicles was observed in vacuolar lumens of root cells of NH4 +‐stressed plants, suggesting the induction of a microautophagy‐like process. In this sense, some SYP22‐, but mainly VAMP711‐positive vesicles were observed inside vacuole in roots of NH4 +‐stressed plants. Consistent with the increased tonoplast degradation and the reduced membrane flow to the vacuole due to the impaired macroautophagic flux, the vacuoles of root cells of NH4 +‐stressed plants showed a simplified structure and lower tonoplast content. Taken together, this study presents evidence that postulates late steps of the macroautophagic process as a relevant physiological mechanism underlying the NH4 + sensitivity response in Arabidopsis, and additionally provides insights into the molecular tools for studying microautophagy in plants.
A 7‐min video training intervention improves worker short‐term radiation safety behavior during small animal diagnostic radiography
Authors: Freitas Fernando P. , Koehncke Niels K. , Waldner Cheryl L. , Belotta Alexandra , Lanovaz Joel , Mayer Monique N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough manual restraint for small animal diagnostic radiography is common, worker protection is often not optimized, particularly for hands and eyes. Radiation safety training videos generally include hours of material on content other than personal protective equipment (PPE), have limited content, if any, on reducing dose to the lens of the eye, and are presented at the level of veterinary professionals. The objectives of this prospective, observational study were to develop a short, open access video training intervention at the layperson level, focused on proper use of PPE, and to test the effectiveness of the training video in changing behavior of workers. The use of PPE, optimal head position, and body position relative to the source of scattered radiation were compared before and after the video training was completed by workers. Results of unconditional and multivariable analyses were similar. In final multivariable analysis, workers wore gloves correctly more frequently (odds ratio [OR] = 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68‐2.59; P < .001) and wore eyewear more frequently (OR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23‐2.78; P = .003) after completing the training intervention. Workers also had an optimal head position more frequently (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.58; P = .03) and stood straight or leaned back more frequently (OR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.48‐2.23; P < .001) after completing the training. The video training developed in this study is an effective tool that can be incorporated into a radiation protection program to improve worker radiation safety behaviors during manual restraint for small animal diagnostic radiography.
Operational Stability of a Hydropower Plant With a Pipe-Shaped Air-Cushion Surge Chamber
Authors: Xu Tingyu , Zhang Jian , Chen Sheng , He Wei , Yu Xiaodong , Zhu David Z. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper theoretically analyzed the design and operating parameters of a pipe-shaped air-cushion surge chamber (PS-ACSC). A mathematical model for a small load disturbance (SLD) in a hydropower plant containing the PS-ACSC was established to analyze the effects of the sensitivity of its initial horizontal area and the air–water volume ratio on the operational stability of the plant. The results showed that the PS-ACSC should occupy a critical horizontal area, and its initial water level and the initial air–water volume ratio should be within a certain range to ensure its own stable operation as well as that of the turbine units. The results of a case study showed that a hydropower plant containing the PS-ACSC is most stable when the initial air–water volume ratio ranges from 2.90:1 to 6.68:1. In addition, a hydropower plant containing the PS-ACSC delivers better performance than a horseshoe-shaped ACSC under the same conditions. This study contributes to the design and operational control of hydropower plants containing the PS-ACSC.
Retrospective analysis of neonatal deaths secondary to infections in England and Wales, 2013–2015
Authors: Oligbu Godwin , Ahmed Leila , Ferraras-Antolin Laura , Ladhani Shamez 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate the overall and infection-related neonatal mortality rate and the pathogens responsible using electronic death registrations.DesignRetrospective analysis of national electronic death registrations data.SettingEngland and Wales.PatientsNeonates aged <28 days.Main outcome measuresOverall and infection-related mortality rate per 1000 live births in term, preterm (28–36 weeks) and extremely preterm (<28 weeks) neonates; the contribution of infections and specific pathogens; comparison with mortality rates in 2003–2005.ResultsThe neonatal mortality rate during 2013–2015 (2.4/1000 live births; 5095 deaths) was 31% lower than in 2003–2005 (3.5/1000; 6700 deaths). Infection-related neonatal mortality rate in 2013–2015 (0.32/1000; n=669) was 20% lower compared with 2003–2015 (0.40/1000; n=768), respectively. Infections were responsible for 13.1% (669/5095) of neonatal deaths during 2013–2015 and 11.5% (768/6700) during 2003–2005. Of the infection-related deaths, 44.2% (296/669) were in term, 19.9% (133/669) preterm and 35.9% (240/669) extremely preterm neonates. Compared with term infants (0.15/1000 live births), infection-related mortality rate was 5.9-fold (95% CI 4.7 to 7.2) higher in preterm (0.90/1000) and 188-fold (95% CI 157 to 223) higher in extremely preterm infants (28.7/1000) during 2013–2015. A pathogen was recorded in 448 (67%) registrations: 400 (89.3%) were bacterial, 37 (8.3%) viral and 11 (2.4%) fungal. Group B streptococcus (GBS) was reported in 30.4% (49/161) of records that specified a bacterial infection and 7.3% (49/669) of infection-related deaths.ConclusionsOverall and infection-related neonatal mortality rates have declined, but the contribution of infection and of specific pathogens has not changed. Further preventive measures, including antenatal GBS vaccine may be required to prevent the single most common cause of infection-related deaths in neonates.