bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Récupération de l’islam par les extrémismes politiques. Retour sur la période 1945-2000
Authors: François Stéphane 
Published: October 2020

Nous proposons de revenir dans cet article sur la récupération de l’islam, notamment dans sa composante politique par les deux extrémismes politiques, l’extrême droite et l’extrême gauche. Nous insisterons ainsi sur le fait que cette religion, par ses valeurs, fascine les groupuscules et les intellectuels de ces tendances politiques. Pour ce faire, nous analyserons le rôle de l’ésotériste français René Guénon dans cet attrait, en particulier depuis sa conversion à l’islam en 1912 ; puis nous montrerons à la fois l’existence d’une extrême droite islamophile, dynamique durant les années 1960 et 1970 et d’une extrême gauche fascinée par son anti-impérialisme et son anticapitalisme les décennies suivantes. Enfin, nous insisterons sur les convergences idéologiques des uns et des autres quant à l’anti-américanisme et l’antisionisme.
L’autorité à l’école : entre enseignants et élèves, une norme relationnelle ?
Authors: Beretti Marie 
Published: October 2020

En matière d’autorité, la norme indique un certain nombre d’usages comme attendus et d’autres comme « hors norme ». Mais si dans le faire autorité, la norme pose une définition plus ou moins claire et précise de ce qu’est une bonne autorité en tant que conduite humaine, et plus précisément en tant que pratique professionnelle, dans le même temps, l’autorité des enseignants vise à produire ou maintenir certains comportements du côté des élèves, des comportements « attendus » qui relèvent de l’intériorisation d’un autre type de norme. L’autorité entretient donc un double rapport à la norme : dans sa pratique, l’autorité de l’enseignant est l’objet d’une norme (une norme professionnelle), en même temps que l’autorité vise et se donne les moyens de faire entrer les élèves dans une autre norme (une norme sociale). S’appuyant sur un corpus de données recueillies dans des classes de cycle 3 lors d’une recherche sur la construction de la relation d’autorité à l’école élémentaire, cet article étudie comment l’autorité en milieu scolaire, à la fois attendue et observable, s’impose comme objet d’une norme professionnelle, et comme vecteur d’une norme sociale. Dit autrement, comment l’autorité enseignante est conjointement normalisée et normative.
Normes scolaires et normes professionnelles à l’épreuve des troubles du comportement ?
Authors: Gasparini Rachel 
Published: October 2020

Les « troubles du comportement » entendus comme des perturbations importantes de la situation scolaire ordinaire (agressions physiques et verbales d’enfants ou d’adultes, détériorations matérielles, conduites dangereuses pour soi) déstabilisent les professeurs des écoles. Ne sont-ils pas d’autant plus déstabilisés quand ils sont débutants (donc attachés à suivre les normes professionnelles ou à montrer qu’ils les suivent) particulièrement en maternelle (lieu de la première confrontation des enfants aux normes scolaires) ? Le matériau mobilisé s’appuie sur deux recherches : la première interrogeait des professeurs des écoles stagiaires sur leur autorité ; la deuxième questionnait des professionnels intervenant auprès d’enfants avec des « troubles du comportement » en maternelle.
Réformes éducatives sous le Front populaire et mise à l’épreuve des normes professionnelles et pédagogiques. Le cas du livret Fontègne
Authors: Seguy Jean-Yves 
Published: October 2020

Cet article s’attache à décrire les fondements et la mise en place d’un outil d’accompagnement des enseignants impliqués dans l’expérience des classes d’orientation, de 1937 à 1939 : le livret Fontègne. Cette expérience, instaurée sous l’impulsion du ministre du Front populaire, Jean Zay, avait pour objectif de préparer l’orientation scolaire des élèves à partir de l’observation des aptitudes mises en jeu dans la classe. Le livret Fontègne devait permettre aux enseignants de disposer d’un cadre les conduisant à repérer ces aptitudes. Cette approche supposait que s’installent de nouvelles normes pour enseigner, conduisant en principe à développer des pratiques inspirées de l’éducation nouvelle, en mettant les élèves dans des situations qui devaient leur permettre d’exprimer leurs aptitudes. Ces normes ont été confrontées à celles en vigueur jusqu’alors dans l’enseignement secondaire, suscitant de vifs débats. L’article se propose de rendre compte de la construction de ces normes émergentes et de leur confrontation aux normes installées.
Pressions et expressions de normes dans les pratiques d’enseignement de l’histoire au secondaire
Authors: Moisan Sabrina , Saussez Frédéric 
Published: October 2020

Les pratiques d’enseignement de l’histoire au secondaire sont reconnues comme présentant certaines caractéristiques communes : prédominance de l’enseignement magistral, centration sur les contenus historiques plutôt que sur les compétences, par exemple. Cet article s’arrête sur ce constat et cherche à lui donner sens en analysant les pratiques de cinq enseignants sur le plan didactique et sur le plan de normes organisant leur travail. La question de la norme prend ainsi plusieurs figures dans cette recherche. De fait, l’observation des pratiques permet de cerner les normes disciplinaires façonnant le travail de ces enseignants d’histoire, de même que la manière dont les prescriptions officielles sont reçues, intégrées et transformées par ceux-ci alors qu’ils cherchent à se construire un « milieu d’action » viable. Les résultats montrent que ces enseignants possèdent une culture disciplinaire propre, marquée par une centration sur l’organisation et la transmission des savoirs historiques et s’exprimant dans la construction de ce que nous nommons le « cahier d’apprentissage fait maison ».
Estrogen Deficiency Accompanied by Oxidative Stress Sustains Heme Oxygenase 1 expression in Cardiomyocytes of Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Lai Zheng-Zong , Yang Hsiang-Yu , Chen Ping-Nan , Shih Wei-Jou , Shen Hsin-Hsueh , Lee Yen-Mei 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Estrogen deficiency is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) after menopause, accompanied with the upregulation of oxidative stress. Two isoforms of heme oxygenase (HO), HO-1 and HO-2, have been implicated in the cytoprotective effects via the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities.

Aims:
This study aimed to investigate the time-course of HO-1 and HO-2 expression in the cardiac tissue of ovariectomized rats and whether oxidative stress is involved in the regulation of HO alteration.

Methods:
Adult female rats were ovariectomized bilaterally to induce estrogen deficiency and randomly divided into (1) Sham, (2) ovariectomy (Ovx), (3) Ovx + E2 (17β estradiol, 50 μg/kg/day, intramuscular), and (4) Ovx + tempol (1 mM in drinking water, a superoxide dismutase [SOD] mimetic). Rats were sacrificed 12 weeks after Ovx; blood and myocardium samples were collected.

Results:
Showed that plasma E2 levels of Ovx and Ovx + tempol groups were significantly reduced as compared to Sham group after 4 weeks of Ovx. Superoxide anion in the cardiac tissue was significantly elevated 2 weeks after Ovx, and the increase was drastically reversed by the treatment with E2 and tempol. In addition, Ovx rats showed significantly higher levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) than those of Sham group, which were also significantly reduced by E2 and tempol administration. Western blot analysis indicated that HO-1 expression was significantly induced 1 week after Ovx and sustained at high levels until 12 weeks. E2 replacement did not immediately reverse HO-1 until treatment for 4 weeks as well as tempol administration for 5 weeks. Expression of the constitutive enzymes HO-2 did not show significant differences between Sham and Ovx groups, and E2 or tempol administration had no effect on cardiac HO-2 protein expression.

Conclusion:
E2 deficiency induced upregulation of superoxide anion in the myocardium, which might be the major contributor to the sustained HO-1 expression as adaptive responses to oxidative stress. This study provides new insight into the pathogenesis of CVDs after menopause.
The Ratios of Estradiol and Progesterone to Testosterone Influence the Severity of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Hangül Ceren , Bozkurt Selen , Bilge Uğur , Özdem Sebahat , Altunbaş Hasan , Uysal Hilmi , Koç Filiz , Karaüzüm Sibel Berker 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) occurs as a consequence of genetic deletion of D4Z4 repeats on chromosome 4q35. Onset of FSHD is earlier in males, suggesting that testosterone may trigger the disease. In accordance, the rapid progression of disease in women after menopause suggests a protective role for estrogen and progesterone. No studies have examined levels of all these hormones in relation with the severity of FSHD.

Aims:
To evaluate the possible correlation between the severity of FSHD with sex hormones, age, and genetic deletion on chromosome 4q35.

Subjects and Methods:
D4Z4 repeat units were investigated in 33 patients (19 males/14 females) with FSHD. In the blood samples, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, free estriol, estradiol, free testosterone and total testosterone, progesterone, 17-OH progesterone, prolactin, albumin, and fibrinogen were measured. The severity of FSHD was identified using a Clinical Severity Score (CSS) scaling system. Spearman's correlation and regression analyses were performed as statistical analyses.

Results:
Age (P = 0.001, r = 0.541) and total testosterone (P = 0.045, r = 0.351) were positively correlated, and the progesterone/total testosterone (P = 0.025, r = −0.390) and estradiol/total testosterone ratios (P = 0.025, r = −0.389) were negatively correlated with the severity of FSHD.

Conclusions:
Our results indicate that age, total testosterone, ratios of estradiol and progesterone to total testosterone, but not deletion on chromosome 4q35, have a significant relation with the severity of FSHD. Given that both estrogen and testosterone treatment are considered in therapy, our results suggest that estrogen and progesterone but not testosterone are likely to be more effective on the severity of FSHD.
‘Pushing the envelope’: The Representation of Jazz, Sex and Violence in Fred Khumalo’s <i>Bitches’ Brew</i>
Authors: Mkhize Jabulani 
Published: October 2020

This paper, primarily, explores the extent to which Fred Khumalo’s novel, Bitches’ Brew, can be considered a jazz novel by looking at both its subject matter and form. It argues that the transgressive power of Khumalo’s novel lies in its use of epistolary form as a narrative strategy that is akin to a jazz solo, marked as it is by a dialogical narrative that is similar to the call and response pattern that bears an affinity to a jazz performance. In terms of the subject matter, the central thrust of the argument is that the over-arching predominance of sex and violence in the text threatens to overshadow the musicality of the text, even as masculinity and misogyny are considered as the other side of the coin of jazz. In its exploration of the jazz and gender interface, this paper highlights how the phallocratic logic that informs and dominates the novel is indicative of the fact that Khumalo may have ‘pushed the envelope’ too far in his representation of masculinity and misogyny in jazz culture in his writing of this work. That Khumalo's novel fails to interrogate the relationship between jazz and black masculinity, but rather endorses and valorises it, serves to reinforce the stereotype of misogyny in jazz culture.
Keywords: Fred Khumalo, Bitches’ Brew, jazz, musicality, masculinity, misogyny
Analysis of whole and filleted stockfish (<i>Gadusmorhua</i>) marketing IN Ebonyi Rural Areas
Authors: Nwabunike M.O. , Igwe G.V.C. , Agama I.K. , Esheya C.E. 
Published: October 2020

The study was conducted with the broad objective of analyzing the profitability of marketing different forms (whole and filleted) of stock fish in Ebonyi rural markets. A total of 80 stock fish sellers were carefully selected through an unbiased (multi-stage and random) sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed using simple frequency and percentages as well as gross margin and comparative cost ratio. The result showed that 92.5% of the stockfish sellers were females and married with mean age of 38 years, mean household size of 9 persons and mean year of experience of 14. It was further observed that between the two forms of stock fish marketed in Ebonyi rural communities, filleted type was more profitable having a profit of N669,000 and benefit cost ratio (BCR) of N1: 2.352 as against that of whole form with a profit of N286,000 and BCR of N1: 1.685. The results of the study implied that it is advisable to market stock fish in the filleted form rather than selling it whole.
Keywords: Stock fish, gross margin, marketing, profitability, Ebonyi Rural Area
Health risk assessment of heavy metals in <i>Tympanotonus fuscatus</i> along Oron water channel, Cross River Estuary, South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Bassey B.O. , Nicholas E. 
Published: October 2020

Health risk associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood has become of global concern. The study evaluated potential human health risk associated with heavy metal contamination of Tympanotonus fuscatus along Oron water channel Cross River Estuary. The following metals: chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed using standard procedure. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (TCR) were estimated using USEPA guidelines. Results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in Ni across the sampling period. The principal component analysis (PCA) had 71.2% of the total variance (with PC 1 represented by Ni and Pb and PC 2 dominated by Cd and Zn). The results for THQ and hazard index (HI) were: Cr = 0.95 mg/kg; Ni = 0.12 mg/kg; Zn = 0.16 mg/kg; Cd = 0.06 mg/kg and Pb = 0.69 mg/kg. These values were below the WHO limit of 1.0 mg/kg. This indicated no adverse health effects associated with the consumption of T. fuscatus from the estuary. A high value of TCR (2.15 x 10-3 mg/kg) was recorded for Ni which showed potential ability to induce moderate cancer risk in human over 70 years of consumption. The health risk associated with accumulated metal in tissues of T. fuscatus underscores the need for periodic biomonitoring of the Cross River Estuary.
Keywords: Molluscs, Heavy Metal, Risk assessment, Pollution, Cross River Estuary
Toxicity of aquaeous leaf extracts of <i>Gongronema latifolium</i> on behaviourial and haematological characteristics of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> (Burchell, 1822) juveniles
Authors: Nwakpa J.N. , Oti E.E , Agim M.U. 
Published: October 2020

A static bioassay experiment was set up to investigate effects of acute (96-hrLC50) concentrations of aqueous leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium on behaviourial and haematological characteristics of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) juveniles. Evaluation of toxicity of leaf extracts at concentrations of: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100mg/l was done at various time intervals on the fish. A total of 180 catfish juveniles with average initial weight of 8.37±1.36g and total length of 12.10±2.45cm were used. The fish were distributed among the treatments on complete randomized design. Each treatment had three replicates. The results showed that aqueous leaf extracts were toxic to experimental fish. There was an observed erratic movement, colour change from black to ash-brown and dark coloured belly of treated fish. There were slight changes in water quality parameters, with no significant effect (p>0.05) on the tolerance level of fish on G. latifolium leaf extracts. Mean values of 96-hrLC50 were 90.14mg/l and 2.78mg/l for the upper and lower limits while the threshold value was 0.26mg/l. Phyto-chemical analysis of the leaves showed constituents of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthrocyanide, alkaloids and glycosides. Effects of aqueous extracts on haematological indices revealed increasing values of pack cell volume, haemoglobin, white blood cell, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular heamoglobin and mean corpuscular heamoglobin concentration counts with extract concentration. Thus, G. latifolium could be used as feed additive for improved fish production at concentration below 70%.
Keywords: Gongronema latifolium, leaf extracts, behaviour, haematology, Clarias gariepinus
Spatial and seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters of the Imo River Estuary, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Obuba L. E. , Nlewadim A.A. , Uka A. 
Published: October 2020

Variations in the water quality of the Imo River estuary was investigated by measuring values of selected physico-chemical parameters. Samples were collected bi-monthly between April 2015 and March 2016, covering the dry and wet seasons of the year. Three stations were selected: upstream (Kalibiama), midstream (Opobo) and downstream (Queenstown). Analysis of results showed that physico-chemical parameters were affected more on seasonal than spatial scale. Principal component analysis carried out indicated that values of most of the parameters recorded within the stations clustered together. On the other hand, dispersed values were recorded in months and seasons with significant variations at (p≤0.05) among most parameters. The high spatial variations in phosphates, suspended solids and lead could be associated to human activities like laundry and waste disposal within Opobo and Kalibiama stations. While, high seasonal variability in most parameters could be associated with intense sunshine, cloud cover and tidal intrusion/dilution due to runoff. It can be concluded that nutrient fluxes due to nitrogenous fertilizers are not a problem within the estuary. However, chemical factors and biodegradable components which cause fluctuations in biological oxygen demand are more of the challenge.
Keywords: Land-use, nutrient flux, water-quality, pollution, coastal wetlands.
Effects of replacement of maize with cassava stem meal on growth and haematology of african catfish (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>, Burchell 1822) fingerling
Authors: Ikwor T.N. , Nwakpa J.N. , Awoke J.S. , Agim M.U. 
Published: October 2020

The study investigated effects of replacing maize meal with cassava stem meal on growth performance and haematology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. Cassava stem meal (CSM) was substituted for maize at 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% to produce five isonitrogenous (45% CP) diets. C. gariepinus fingerlings (mean weight 3.08±0.02g) were randomly distributed into concrete tanks (0.9m3) at 10 fish/tank in triplicates and fed twice daily for 8 weeks. Results showed the highest mean weight gain (1.72±0.01g) and the best food conversion ratio (0.08±0.01) in fish fed diet containing 25% CSM which were significantly different (p<0.05) from other treatments. Fish fed 100% CSM recorded the highest value for protein efficiency ratio which differed significantly (p<0.05) from other treatments. The highest survival rate of (73.3±0.01%) was recorded in fish fed 50% and 100% cassava stem meal inclusion levels while the lowest (33.4±0.01%) was observed in the control diet. The haematological results showed that packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) were significantly different (p<0.05) among treatments. There was an increase in the counts of PCV, white blood cell, Hb, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin while mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration remained constant in all the treatments. The study revealed that 25% substitution rate of maize with cassava stem meal would not have any adverse effect on the growth and blood parameters of catfish.
Key words: Cassava stems meal, fish growth, nutrient utilization, haematology, C. gariepinus
Nutraceutical records of aquatic plants (<i>Heinsia bussie</i> and <i>Diplazium sammatii</i>) of lesser known values in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Okon J.E. 
Published: October 2020

Nutraceutical evaluation was determined for two aquatic plants: Heinsia bussie and Diplazium sammatii. Plant leaves were collected from a stream in Mbak Ikot Abasi in Etoi, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria and analyzed for phytochemicals, nutrients, anti-nutrients, minerals and vitamin constituents using standard analytical methods. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds: alkaloids (7.26+0.06), tannin (1.05+0.37), saponin (1.68+0.42), flavonoids (7.83+0.11), cardiac glycosides (6.94+0.48) and terpenes (6.03+0.47) in H. bussie while alkaloids (7.74+0.05), tannin (0.03+0.00), flavonoids (5.37+0.83) cardiac glycosides (4.66+0.38) and terpenes (5.17+0.21) in mg/100g were found in D. sammatii. Results also showed that the leaves contained appreciable amounts of essential nutrients such as crude protein: 11.90±0.62% in H. bussie and 10.80±0.07% in D. sammatii; carbohydrate, 49.70±0.41% in D. sammatii and 39.90±0.02% in H. bussie. Other components like ash and lipid were also present in appreciable amounts. Anti-nutrients such as phytate, saponin and tannins were significantly (p=0.05) low in both vegetables. Minerals analysis showed the highest values for iron (12.05+0.0807mg/kg) and potassium (9.04+0.0307mg/kg) in D. sammatii. Other minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were moderate in both vegetables. The vitamins recorded were axephthol, thiamin, riboflavin and ascorbic acid and were significantly (p=0.05) high. The plant leaves could be said to possess vital phytochemical and nutritional properties as well as essential mineral elements and vitamins. Therefore, these vegetables could be utilized as dietary supplement for aqua-feed production.
Keywords: H. bussie, D. sammatii, nutraceutical, Athyriaceae, Rubiaceae
A critical examination of migration and globalization: Implication for development in Africa
Authors: Asiegbu Martin F. , Chukwuokolo J. Chidozie 
Published: October 2020

This paper argues that there is a relationship between globalization and migration in the sense that increased reduction in global borders enhances migration. Migration on its own has raised some human right concerns. This is because as communities are growing closer, trade, politics, culture, technology e.t.c., raise some conflicts of ideology. This paper surmises that unless there is a way of humanizing the unevenness in the mercantile relationships that exists between Western nations and their Third world counterpart, the world will not benefit from these interactions as we have seen in the 21st Century slavery witnessed in Libya where humans were auctioned like goats. In the ideological pedestal, the challenges posed by Islamic migrants have become very mendacious. However, the aim of this paper is to examine globalization and migration and its implication for development in Africa. The movement of skilled and / or wealthy Africans is generally viewed negatively. For instance, there is long-standing concern on the African continent with the impact of the ‘brain drain’ of African professionals. Nevertheless, slowly and very few places, is understanding arising of the potentially positive role that migration itself can play in development or of the possibilities for ‘mobilization’ of the African Diaspora in the fight against poverty.
Keywords: Migration, globalization, development and ideology