bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of climate change on the household food security of upland rice farmers in Sidomulyo, Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: Murniati Ktut , Mutolib Abdul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Murniati K, Mutolib A. 2020. The impact of climate change on the household food security of upland rice farmers in Sidomulyo, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3487-3493. Climate change in the agricultural sector, particularly food crops, significantly decreases the production, causing the anomaly influences of El-Niño (drought) and La-Nina (flood). Climate change will have an impact on food availability and accessibility, thereby disrupting the food security and vulnerability of farmer households. This study aimed to: analyze the livelihood vulnerabilities, determine the food security level, and assess the livelihood vulnerability on the food security of upland rice farmer households against climate change. This study was conducted in Sidomulyo Sub-district, South Lampung District. The samples were randomly selected among farmers, resulting in 66 selected farmers. The analysis included: the livelihood vulnerability index– intergovernmental panel of climate change (LVI-IPCC), food security index based on the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, and the Ordinal Model Logit (Ologit). The results showed that the upland rice farmer’s household had a livelihood vulnerability of 0.071, belonged to the medium category. Most farmer households (77.27%) were categorized as food secure. The “secure” category in the food security index is obtained if the upland rice farmers fulfill three criteria includes food availability, food stability, and food sustainability. The strategy of climate change adaptation, rice price, and phonska fertilizer price affects the food security of farmers’ households. Climate change adaptation strategies are indispensable for sustainable food security.
In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media
Authors: Hapsoro Dwi , Hamiranti Rahmadyah , Yusnita Yusnita 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Hapsoro D, Hamiranti R, Yusnita Y. 2020. In vitro somatic embryogenesis of superior clones of robusta coffee from Lampung, Indonesia: Effect of genotypes and callus induction media. Biodiversitas 21: 3811-3817. This study aimed to investigate the effects of genotypes and primary callus induction media on somatic embryogenesis of superior robusta coffee clones of Lampung. Leaf explants of clones Tugusari, Komari, Tugino, and Wanto were cultured on two types of primary callus induction media (PCIM). PCIM1 consisted of half-strength MS salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 0.1 thiamine-HCl, 0.5 nicotinic acids, 0.5 pyridoxine-HCl, 100 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, and 1 benzyl adenine. PCIM2 consisted of NPCM salts, 30 gL-1 sucrose, added with (mgL-1) 15 thiamine-HCl, 1 nicotinic acid, 1 pyridoxine-HCl, 2 glycines, 130 Myo-inositol, 200 ascorbic acids, 150 citric acids, 1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2 thidiazuron. The highest percentage (100%) of primary callus formation was found in Komari and Wanto clones. PCIM2 resulted in more primary calli than PCIM1. When subcultured to embryogenic callus induction medium, primary calli of clone Komari and Wanto developed into a high percentage of embryogenic calli, while those of the other two turned brown and died. PCIM2-derived primary calli developed into more embryogenic calli. When subcultured on somatic embryo (SE) regeneration medium, these calli underwent the formation of SE of various stages. When subcultured to plant regeneration medium, these SEs developed into plantlets.
Estimation of bacterial number in the water, sediment and biofilm of Badek and Mewek River (Malang, Indonesia) using Plate Count and eDNA Method
Authors: Ulinuha Devi , Andayani Sri , Hertika Asus Maizar Suryanto , Kilawati Yuni 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Ulinuha D, Andayani S, Hertika AMS, Kilawati Y. 2020. Estimation of bacterial number in the water, sediment, and biofilm of Badek and Mewek River (Malang, Indonesia) using Plate Count and eDNA Method. Biodiversitas 21: 3832-3836. Several methods have been developed to quantify bacterial numbers in the environment, but the studies is still continued to provide the most effective and efficient method. This study was aimed to compare the capacities of two different methods (Plate Count and eDNA Method) to estimate the bacterial number in the water, sediment, and biofilm of Badek and Mewek River (Malang-Indonesia). The Plate Count Method was carried out on a Plate Count Agar (PCA) which was incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. The eDNA method was performed by slow agitation (1,800 rpm) to extract the environmental DNA of bacteria. Quantification of bacteria was obtained from the eDNA band intensity after electrophoresis in 1% gel agarose electrophoresis. Smartladder was used as a marker for the eDNA Method. The result showed that the eDNA Method was efficient for the estimation of bacterial numbers in the sediment and biofilm of Badek and Mewek River. However, this method was not suitable for estimating bacterial numbers in the water.
Distribution, variation, and relationship of Curcuma soloensis Valeton in Java, Indonesia based on morphological characters
Authors: JALIL MUHAMAD , PURWANTORO AZIZ , DARYONO BUDI SETIADI , PURNOMO Purnomo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Jalil M, Purwantoro A, Daryono BS, Purnomo. 2020. Distribution, variation, and relationship of Curcuma soloensis Valeton in Java, Indonesia based on morphological characters. Biodiversitas 21: 3867-3877. Curcuma soloensis Valeton (locally called temu genyeh) was a plant originating from Solomon Islands and was synonymous with Curcuma longa L. This plant was often considered to be turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) or temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza Roxb.), because the rhizome is almost the same color. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution, variation, and relationship of C. soloensis in Java, Indonesia. Retrieval of data with exploratory roaming methods in 12 districts/cities in Java Island as a center for planting medicinal plants. Morphological character observations were made on habit, rhizome, roots, tubers, leaves, pseudo-stems, and flowers. Morphological data were analyzed by descriptive and numerical methods. Analysis of grouping with Gower Coefficients because it uses 45 binary and multistate data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the role of each character in the grouping. Cluster analysis and PCA graphics were assisted with MVSP 3.1 software. The results of the study were obtained from 25 accessions of C. soloensis in East Java (Trenggalek, Pacitan, Ponorogo), Central Java (Wonogiri, Karanganyar, Magelang, Semarang), Yogyakarta (Yogyakarta City, Bantul, Gunungkidul), and West Java (Ciamis and Tasikmalaya). The variation of C. soloensis lies in habit, stem color, leaf shape, rhizome shape, rhizome flesh color, and tuber shape. The highest abundance percentage is in Pajangan, Tirtomoyo, and Tawangmangu. The dendrogram divides 32 OTUs into two clusters on the phenon line 0.617, namely cluster A (C. zanthorrhiza) and cluster B (C. soloensis and C. longa). PCA results showed that the characters that had the most role in grouping were leaf blade color, leaf blade length, rhizome shape, root color, rhizome taste, outer and inner rhizome flesh color.
Ethnobotany of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Morphology, folk classification, and habitat in area around Ciremai Mountain, Cimanuk Watershed Region, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: MUTAQIN ASEP ZAINAL , KURNIADIE DENNY , ISKANDAR JOHAN , NURZAMAN MOHAMAD , Partasasmita Ruhyat 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Partasasmita R. 2020. Ethnobotany of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Morphology, folk classification, and habitat in area around Ciremai Mountain, Cimanuk Watershed Region, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3898-3909. Plants that grow in the world have a diversity of names, characters, and growing environments. Likewise, plants that grow around Ciremai Mountain, including the Cimanuk Watershed, are very diverse in species and habitats. One species of plant in this region is Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. This plant is closely related to people's lives. This plant is a species of the tuber that has the potential to be used for various purposes. This study aims to determine the knowledge of the people about the ethnobotany of A. paeoniifolius especially the morphology, folk classification, and habitat with case studies in several villages in Cikijing Sub-district, Majalengka District which is ecologically located in the Ciremai Mountain neighborhood and, based on geography, is included in the Cimanuk Watershed. The qualitative method is used in this research. The data were collected through observation and semi-structured interviews or deep interviews with competent communities by focusing on their diversity. Data were analyzed by cross-checking, summarizing, and synthesizing and were narrated descriptively through an emic and ethical approach. The results showed that the people in the Ciremai Mountain neighborhood, namely Cipulus Village, Cilancang Village, Jagasari Village, and Sindangpanji Village, Cikijing Sub-district, Majalengka District knew names, morphology, and folk classification of A. paeoniifolius. This plant is popularly known as suweg in local name. People's knowledge related to morphology (leaves, tubers, roots, and flowers) in these areas is generally not much different. Related to folk classification, people generally say that suweg has variant based on the color of the tubers and sunlight exposure to the place of growth. The intended variant is suweg with reddish-white and yellowish-white of the tuber flesh’s color. Another classification is the suweg variant which grows in the hieum (shading area) and negrak (open area). Concerning hábitat, the people informed that the suweg grows in the garden and homegarden (specifically in the Sindangpanji village, the people said that besides growing in both types of land, the suweg also grows on the edge of rice fields and ponds). Besides, suweg also grows in hot and cold (tiis) conditions; from the beginning of the rainy season to the beginning of the dry season, which is marked by yellowing and falling of leaves; in various soil conditions (such as red, black, brown or sandy soil); and with various species of plants (except with eurih and areuy,in which the growth of the plant is not optimum).
Applications of Machine Learning to Estimating the Sizes and Market Impact of Hidden Orders in the BRICS Financial Markets
Authors: MAAKE Witness , VAN ZYL Terence 
Published: August 2020

The research aims to investigate the role of hidden orders on the structure of the average market impact curves in the five BRICS financial markets. The concept of market impact is central to the implementation of cost-effective trading strategies during financial order executions. The literature is replicated using the data of visible orders from the five BRICS financial markets. We repeat the implementation of the literature to investigate the effect of hidden orders. We subsequently study the dynamics of hidden orders. The research applies machine learning to estimate the sizes of hidden orders. We revisit the methodology of the literature to compare the average market impact curves in which true hidden orders are added to visible orders to the average market impact curves in which hidden orders sizes are estimated via machine learning.
The study discovers that: (1) hidden orders sizes could be uncovered via machine learning techniques such as Generalized Linear Models (GLM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Random Forests (RF); and (2) there exist no set of market features that are consistently predictive of the sizes of hidden orders across different stocks. Artificial Neural Networks produce large R2 and small Mean Squared Error on the prediction of hidden orders of individual stocks across the five studied markets. Random Forests produce the most appropriate average price impact curves of visible and estimated hidden orders that are closest to the average market impact curves of visible and true hidden orders. In some markets, hidden orders produce a convex power-law far-right tail in contrast to visible orders which produce a concave power-law far-right tail. Hidden orders may affect the average price impact curves for orders of size less than the average order size; meanwhile, hidden orders may not affect the structure of the average price impact curves in other markets. The research implies ANN and RF as the recommended tools to uncover hidden orders.
Causes and consequential costs of anthropogenic climate change
Authors: Novak David , Synwoldt Christian 
Published: August 2020

On the one hand, this paper examines the costs directly caused by climate change, also com- paring the possible costs for preventing damage; on the other hand, it compares the effects of the radiation propulsion caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on anthropogen- ic heat generation through the use of all types of fuels. In addition to the global warming ef- fect caused by anthropogenic heat radiation, there are also local heat islands that are affect- ed by a much greater rise in temperature.
Purpose: A cost comparison of the damage caused by climate change and a quantitative com- parison of the direct heat development through the use of fuels with the radiative forcing through anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.Design / methodology / approach: In both cases, the research method is based on the analysis of public databases such as the International Energy Agency (IAE), as well as published lit- erature on global energy supply and the Federal Statistical Office.
Results: The expected consequential damage caused by climate change will probably present most states with insoluble financial burdens. The radiation propulsion from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions makes an 80 times greater contribution to global warming than the anthropogenic heat generation from all types of fuels.
Research / practical implications: Future research should show the consequences for the economy and the acquisition of money on the one hand and on the other hand include the ef- fects of global warming and the heat islands, both of which lead to a loss of habitat. Originality / Value: This paper has both the expected follow-up costs in view as well as the causes and effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Analysis Using the Boston College Method in a Company of the Automotive Industry in Chihuahua
Authors: Ramos Pedro Javier Martínez , Bencomo Myrna Isela García , Cisneros Hilda Cecilia Escobedo , Reyes José Gerardo López 
Published: August 2020

The objective was to analyze the social responsibility construct through the Boston College method in a company of the automotive chain in Chihuahua from June to November 2018. The hypothesis to contrast was this: the company of the automotive chain is in its transformation stage to social responsibility. The methodological approach was qualitative, based on the inductive method and the design was transectional, descriptive and not experimental. The sampling frame and units of analysis were based on the list of personnel provided by HR; a structured interview of open questions was applied to seven hierarchical levels of the organization. The main strategic finding is that only 20% of respondents consider that social responsibility is present in the organization; this shows that the personnel is not involved and ignores that the company has social responsibility practices.
Bioplastics for packaging in cosmetic sector towards a circular bioeconomy model
Authors: Matarazzo Agata , Vizzini Ludovica , Arfo' Sergio , Pulvirenti Edoardo 
Published: August 2020

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The Italian cosmetic industry is experiencing a period of constant growth. The materials used for industrial packaging are often produced in compliance with the hygiene standards imposed by the rules of the sector but without looking at the environmental aspect, how they are produced and how these packaging will be disposed of. In recent years, consumers' environmental awareness has increased thanks to fast and accessible media, like the internet, and to a greater consciousness of the institutions. The average consumer is no longer satisfied with the generic product found at the point of sale, but he informs himself, evaluates, and relies on companies that embrace the culture of sustainability. The aim of this paper is the analysis of the technological and environmental advantages coming from the benefit of Bio-based polymers applied to the sector of cosmetic packaging, through a project of a new start up based on production of bioplastics for that sector.
Resolving the Mark-to Market vs Historical Cost debate: where do we go from here?
Authors: Chatham Michael , Kopf Jerry 
Published: August 2020

Mark-to-market accounting has been one of the most hotly debated changes in accounting. Some, including the past Federal Reserve Chairman, Ben Bernanke, cited it as one of the causes of the 2007-2008 U.S. economic crisis. Many in the accounting community disagree with the Chairman and feel that movement away from historical cost has been a positive for transparency. Though countless individuals have voiced either their opposition or their support of mark-to-market accounting, each of them seems to view the debate as one between either historical cost or mark-to-market. After reviewing the arguments for both historical cost and mark-to-market in detail, we conclude the production of two financial statements, a traditional Balance Sheet based on historical costs, and a Statement of Financial Condition based on mark-to-market, would be relatively inexpensive to produce and would better provide the information needed by different users employing said financial information for, invariably, different purposes.
Effect Of Debt Financing On Financial Performance Of Listed Non-Financial Firms In Kenya
Authors: Kibunja Philip Njau , Fatoki Olanrewaju Isola 
Published: August 2020

This study sought to examine the effect of debt financing on the financial performance of non-financial firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange in the five-year period 2013 to 2017. Using a sample of 23 listed non-financial firms data was collected from published financial statements of the sampled firms and analysed statistical using the panel data regression method. The independent variables were short-term, medium term and long-term debt while the explained variable was return on equity. Three control variables, firm size, sales growth and growth opportunities, were included and considered as having an effect on the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The study results observed that medium-term debt had a negative and statistical significant relationship with return on equity. Long-term debt had a positive but statistically insignificant relationship while short-term debt had a negative relationship with return on equity.
Evaluation Of Accounting System Used By Small And Medium Scale Enterprises In Odo-Ona Nla/Idi Ayunre Ward
Authors: Elijah Adeyinka Adedeji  , Zaynab Shakrullah 
Published: August 2020

For a successful business endeavor, accounting is considered as the conduit and essential tool of achieving its target. It has always concerned itself with determining how a business is doing. The level of book keeping and accounting in SMEs have created many problems against the effective operation and accountability of these businesses. The study seek to determine the extent to which Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Odo-Ona Nla/ Idi-Ayunre ward use accounting record keeping system in their business and to examine their perception towards accounting record keeping systems in their business. Achieving this objective, the paper adopts a quantitative and qualitative approach in which a semi structured questionnaire was used as the main data collection method. The researcher used purposive and simple random sampling techniques to reduce the possibility of research limitations.
A total of 50 semi-structured questionnaires were distributed to various SMEs in Odo-Ona Nla/ Idi-Ayunre Ward at Oluyole Local Government in Ibadan. Forty-three (43) were returned and completely answered for the purpose of data analysis. The primary data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The analyzed results are presented into graphical and descriptive representations such as tables, percentages, and graph.
The findings indicate that majority of SMEs that maintain accounting records fail to keep complete accounting records and it also indicate that SMEs have many issues triggers to have negative attitudes in compliance to proper record keeping for their business, including cost associated, Time consuming and Tax avoidance. The paper concludes that a concerted effort should be made by the government and other stakeholders to set out proper guidelines for record keeping and proposes that SMEs owners be trained on key skills for records and information management which will enable them keep records of their business activities.
How can Educational Leaders Promote Greater Student Engagement Remotely During COVID-19
Authors: Hilliard Ann Toler , Foose Renee 
Published: August 2020

This study has been presented in order to share information as to how educational leaders can promote a greater opportunity for student engagement remotely during the COVID-19 crisis. Adjusting in more ways than one during COVID-19 has been challenging for many students and faculty members at universities globally. The leader sets the tone while working and sharing with faculty members ways to engage students at an adequate level to continue student learning experiences remotely. Adaptability and adjustments that most students and faculty members are making during this crisis have been notable by families and community leaders. With educational leaders taking the lead, the major emphasis for this study was to focus on best practices for engaging students in the most productive ways during the COVID-19 crisis.