bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing costs, self‐employment, and fertility
Authors: Florida Richard , Mellander Charlotta , King Karen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe decline in fertility across advanced nations is a well‐known fact. Becker famously argued that declining rates of childbirth were the by‐product of higher levels of economic development and human capital. Recently, it has been suggested that two additional factors might lead to declining rates of childbirth—the higher housing costs of expensive cities and the change in the nature of work and employment from more regular and secure full‐time work to less secure arrangements, like self‐employment. Our research examines the effect of these two classes of factors—housing costs and self‐employment—on fertility, in regard to both the rate of childbirth and the delay in the age at which people have children. We use detailed panel data covering all Swedish individuals in their prime childbearing years (20–45) for the 10‐year period 2007–2016. Our findings indicate that the likelihood of having a child is affected negatively by increased housing costs and positively by self‐employment. Both result in a delay in the parental age at which children are born. Of the two, self‐employment has a relatively large effect.
Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Single‐Photon Avalanche Diodes for Quantum Photonics Applications
Authors: Ceccarelli Francesco , Acconcia Giulia , Gulinatti Angelo , Ghioni Massimo , Rech Ivan , Osellame Roberto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhotonic quantum technologies promise a revolution of the world of information processing, from simulation and computing to communication and sensing, thanks to the many advantages of exploiting single photons as quantum information carriers. In this scenario, single‐photon detectors play a key role. On the one hand, superconducting nanowire single‐photon detectors (SNSPDs) are able to provide remarkable performance on a broad spectral range, but their applicability is often limited by the need of cryogenic operating temperatures. On the other hand, single‐photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) overcome the intrinsic limitations of SNSPDs by providing a valid alternative at room temperature or slightly below. In this paper, the authors review the fundamental principles of the SPAD operation and provide a thorough discussion of the recent progress made in this field, comparing the performance of these devices with the requirements of the quantum photonics applications. In the end, the authors conclude with their vision of the future by summarizing prospects and unbeaten paths that can open new perspectives in the field of photonic quantum information processing.
Genistein enhances the effects of L‐asparaginase on inducing cell apoptosis in human leukemia cancerHL‐60 cells
Authors: Hsiao Yin‐Chen , Chueh Fu‐Shin , Ma Yi‐Shih , Lien Jin‐Cherng , Hsia Te‐Chun , Huang Wen‐Wen , Chou Yu‐Cheng , Chen Po‐Yuan , Chung Jing‐Gung , Chen Hung‐Yi , Liu Kuo‐Ching 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenistein (GEN) has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death in various human cancer cells. L‐asparaginase (Asp), a clinical drug for leukemia, has been shown to induce cell apoptosis in leukemia cells. No available information concerning GEN combined with Asp increased the cell apoptosis compared to GEN or Asp treatment alone. The objective of this study is to evaluate the anti‐leukemia activity of GEN combined with Asp on human leukemia HL‐60 cells in vitro. The cell viability, the distribution of cell cycle, apoptotic cell death, and the level of ΔΨmwere examined by flow cytometric assay. The expressions of apoptosis‐associated proteins were measured by western blotting. GEN combined with Asp revealed a more significant decrease in total viable cells and induced a higher percentage of G2/M phase arrest, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis than that of GEN or Asp treatment only in HL‐60 cells. Furthermore, the combined treatments (GEN and Asp) showed a higher decrease in the level of ΔΨmthan that of GEN or Asp treatment only. These results indicated that GEN combined with Asp induced mitochondria dysfunction by disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential. The results from western blotting demonstrated that the treatment of GEN combined with Asp showed a higher increase in the levels of Bax and Bak (pro‐apoptotic proteins) and an active form of caspase‐3 and a higher decrease in Bcl‐2 (anti‐apoptotic protein) than that of GEN or Asp treatment alone. GEN significantly enhances the efficiency of Asp on cytotoxic effects (the induction of apoptosis) in HL‐60 cells.
Cellular quiescence in budding yeast
Authors: Sun Siyu , Gresham David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCellular quiescence, the temporary and reversible exit from proliferative growth, is the predominant state of all cells. However, our understanding of the biological processes and molecular mechanisms that underlie cell quiescence remains incomplete. As with the mitotic cell cycle, budding and fission yeast are preeminent model systems for studying cellular quiescence owing to their rich experimental toolboxes and the evolutionary conservation across eukaryotes of pathways and processes that control quiescence. Here, we review current knowledge of cell quiescence in budding yeast and how it pertains to cellular quiescence in other organisms, including multicellular animals. Quiescence entails large‐scale remodeling of virtually every cellular process, organelle, gene expression, and metabolic state that is executed dynamically as cells undergo the initiation, maintenance, and exit from quiescence. We review these major transitions, our current understanding of their molecular bases, and highlight unresolved questions. We summarize the primary methods employed for quiescence studies in yeast and discuss their relative merits. Understanding cell quiescence has important consequences for human disease as quiescent single‐celled microbes are notoriously difficult to kill and quiescent human cells play important roles in diseases such as cancer. We argue that research on cellular quiescence will be accelerated through the adoption of common criteria, and methods, for defining cell quiescence. An integrated approach to studying cell quiescence, and a focus on the behavior of individual cells, will yield new insights into the pathways and processes that underlie cell quiescence leading to a more complete understanding of the life cycle of cells.Take Away

Quiescent cells are viable cells that have reversibly exited the cell cycle
Quiescence is induced in response to a variety of nutrient starvation signals
Quiescence is executed dynamically through three phases: initiation, maintenance, and exit
Quiescence entails large‐scale remodeling of gene expression, organelles, and metabolism
Single‐cell approaches are required to address heterogeneity among quiescent cells
The budding yeast transition to quiescence
Authors: Miles Shawna , Bradley Graham T. , Breeden Linda L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA subset of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in a stationary phase culture achieve a unique quiescent state characterized by increased cell density, stress tolerance, and longevity. Trehalose accumulation is necessary but not sufficient for conferring this state, and it is not recapitulated by abrupt starvation. The fraction of cells that achieve this state varies widely in haploids and diploids and can approach 100%, indicating that both mother and daughter cells can enter quiescence. The transition begins when about half the glucose has been taken up from the medium. The high affinity glucose transporters are turned on, glycogen storage begins, the Rim15 kinase enters the nucleus and the accumulation of cells in G1 is initiated. After the diauxic shift (DS), when glucose is exhausted from the medium, growth promoting genes are repressed by the recruitment of the histone deacetylase Rpd3 by quiescence‐specific repressors. The final division that takes place post‐DS is highly asymmetrical and G1 arrest is complete after 48 h. The timing of these events can vary considerably, but they are tightly correlated with total biomass of the culture, suggesting that the transition to quiescence is tightly linked to changes in external glucose levels. After 7 days in culture, there are massive morphological changes at the protein and organelle level. There are global changes in histone modification. An extensive array of condensin‐dependent, long‐range chromatin interactions lead to genome‐wide chromatin compaction that is conserved in yeast and human cells. These interactions are required for the global transcriptional repression that occurs in quiescent yeast.
Failure Analysis of Rheocast Cylinder Head Covers of Hypereutectic Al–Si Alloys
Authors: Feng Jian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to determine the cause of failures of semisolid rheocast cylinder head covers of hypereutectic modified LM30 alloys. The covers, manufactured by rheocasting, a process that consists of the incorporation and homogeneous distribution of the reinforcements in semisolid metal (SSM) before die casting, were shot-peened after heat treatment to increase the fatigue resistance. However, these engine components failed during operation after a short service time. The major flaws were located by radiography. The microstructure was controlled by metallography. Significant interactions between shot peening and surface/subsurface contaminants were identified by surface morphology and fractography. The fatigue properties of hypereutectic alloys were investigated by a high-frequency vibrophore. It was identified that the failure was related to the cleanliness of SSM as well as the rheocasting process. Recommendations were given to prevent the recurrence of similar failures.
Water vapor transmission properties of acrylic organic coatings
Authors: Kovács Réka Lilla , Daróczi Lajos , Barkóczy Péter , Baradács Eszter , Bakonyi Eszter , Kovács Szilvia , Erdélyi Zoltán 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, we evaluate the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), the permeability (P), solubility (S), and diffusion (D) coefficients of Paraloid B44, Paraloid B72, and Incralac coatings in the temperature range of 5–35°C. The Arrhenius function—diffusion activation energy and preexponential factor—has also been determined from the data:$$D_{B44} = 35.2\;{\text{cm}}^{2} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} \exp \left( { - 25\;{\text{kJ mol}}^{ - 1} /{\text{RT}}} \right)$$DB44=35.2cm2s-1exp-25kJ mol-1/RT;$$D_{B72} = 9.5\;{\text{cm}}^{2} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} \exp \left( { - 23\;{\text{kJ mol}}^{ - 1} /{\text{RT}}} \right)$$DB72=9.5cm2s-1exp-23kJ mol-1/RT;$$D_{\text{Incralac}} = 622.8\;{\text{cm}}^{2} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} { \exp }\left( { - 28\;{\text{kJ mol}}^{ - 1} /{\text{RT}}} \right)$$DIncralac=622.8cm2s-1exp-28kJ mol-1/RT. These resins are important coating materials, for example, for conservators to protect metallic artifacts, such as statues, against corrosion. Despite Paraloid B44 and B72 resins being considered as reference materials in conservation practice, that is, new coating materials (either water vapor retarders or transmitters) are often compared to them, there are no comprehensive data for the quantities describing the vapor permeability (P, S, D) of these materials. The measurements are based on the ISO cup-method using substrate/coating composite samples. The strength of this technique is that it can also be used when the coating is non-self-supporting; nevertheless,P,S,andDcan be deduced for the coating layer itself, and it seems to be a standardizable procedure for comparative performance testing of coating materials. Paraloid B72 layers exhibited higher WVTRs—from 39 to 315 g m−2day−1as the temperature increased from 5 to 35°C—compared to Paraloid B44 and Incralac coatings—from 17 to 190 g m−2 day−1, respectively. The transmission rate parameters were also compared to the results of corrosion tests. Incralac was the most effective corrosion inhibitor, and the performance of the B44 was better than the B72, which is in good agreement with the transmission rate tests.
NUT Carcinoma Arising from the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Saik Wei-Ning , Da Forno Philip , Thway Khin , Khurram Syed Ali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNUT carcinoma is an aggressive carcinoma with an overall poor survival outcome. The mediastinum and head and neck area, especially the sinonasal region, are among the common sites of disease. Histopathological diagnosis of NUT carcinoma is often very challenging due to its overlapping features with other poorly differentiated carcinomas. We report a case of NUT carcinoma arising from the parotid gland of a young female patient. Primary NUT carcinoma of salivary gland is very rare, with only 15 such cases reported in the literature to date. Our case highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with such lesions.
Explorative analysis of a score predicting the therapy response of patients with metastatic, castration resistant prostate cancer undergoing radioligand therapy with 177Lu-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen
Authors: Huang Kai , Schatka Imke , Rogasch Julian M. M. , Lindquist Randall L. , De Santis Maria , Erber Barbara , Radojewski Piotr , Brenner Winfried , Amthauer Holger 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
Up to 60% of patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with 177Lu prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT) achieves a partial biochemical response with a decrease of > 50% in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The remaining fractions, however, do not respond to RLT. The aim of this explorative analysis was to identify pre-therapeutic factors for the prediction of response.

Methods
46 patients [age = 68 years (50–87)] with mCRPC who consecutively underwent RLT with 177Lu PSMA [median applied activity = 6 GBq (2.9–6.2)] were included and analysed retrospectively. The association of different clinical and laboratory factors and parameters from pre-therapeutic 68Ga PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) with the outcome of RLT was tested (Fisher’s test). Outcome was defined as PSA changes 8 weeks after second RLT [partial response (PR), PSA decrease > 50%; progressive disease (PD), PSA increase ≥ 25%; stable disease (SD), others]. Significant predictive factors were combined in a predictive score.

Results
30% showed a post-treatment PR (median 73% PSA decrease), 35% SD (median 17% PSA decrease) and 35% PD (median 42% PSA increase). Significant predictors for PD were alkaline phosphatase (ALP) > 135 U/l (p = 0.002), PSA > 200 ng/ml (p = 0.036), and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the “hottest lesion” in pre-therapeutic PET < 45 (p = 0.005). The predictive score including PSA, ALP and SUVmax could separate 2 distinct groups of patients: ≤ 2 predictive factors (19% PD) and 3 predictive factors (90% PD).

Conclusion
The presented predictive score allowed a pre-therapeutic estimate of the expected response to 2 cycles of RLT. As our study was retrospective, prospective trials are needed for validation.
Arsenic and Old Graves
Authors: Meyers Maureen S. , Breetzke David , Holt Henry 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuring the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, arsenic was used as an embalming agent in the United States. In 1996, Konefes and McGee brought the potential danger of arsenic poisoning during excavation to the attention of archaeologists. They developed methodology that was later refined by the present authors. This article discusses the history of arsenic as an embalming agent, explores socioeconomic and demographic factors that might suggest the presence of arsenic in certain burials, and presents methods for testing arsenic in archaeological contexts. We also discuss environmental impact mitigation considerations and review examples of arsenic testing in archaeological contexts.
Public Opinions and Conspiracy Thinking Toward the COVID-19 Outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Abdulah Deldar Morad , Saeed Mahir Sadullah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:The public’s perceptions toward the COVID-19 crisis and the government’s attempts to handle the crisis are critically noteworthy. The public opinions toward the COVID-19 crisis were explored in this study.Methods:In this report, 1102 participants were included from 2 popular social media platforms from the Duhok Governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan between June 2 and 22, 2020, through an online technique.Results:The study revealed that 14.0% of the participants believed that there is no COVID-19 in this region, and 20.1% had no concerns about the disease spread. This study revealed that 27.4% had conspiracy thinking about the COVID-19 outbreak, including that the outbreak is a plot against/of the Kurdistan Region Government, 16.4% and 19.3%, respectively. The outbreak caused considerable changes in participants’ lives (85.8%). The participants who had conspiracy thinking were younger (27.0 vs 30.0; P = 0.001) and had a higher level of education (37.50% high school and under, 26.0% college and above, 16.2% illiterate: P < 0.001). In addition, they had a private job (43.7%), and were unemployed (23.9%; P < 0.001), and had negative views on the TV information (38.9% vs 17.5%; P < 0.001).Conclusions:A considerable percentage of the public exhibits conspiracy thinking toward the COVID-19 crisis in Iraqi Kurdistan.
Surveillance under dispute: Conceptualising narrative legitimation politics
Authors: Smith Ochoa Christopher , Gadinger Frank , Yildiz Taylan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCurrent debates about surveillance demonstrate the complexity of political controversies whose uncertainty and moral ambiguities render normative consensus difficult to achieve. The question of how to study political controversies remains a challenge for IR scholars. Critical security studies scholars have begun to examine political controversies around surveillance by exploring changing security practices in the everyday. Yet, (de)legitimation practices have hitherto not been the focus of analysis. Following recent practice-oriented research, we develop a conceptual framework based on the notion of ‘narrative legitimation politics’. We first introduce the concept of ‘tests’ from Boltanski's pragmatic sociology to categorise the discursive context and different moral reference points (truth, reality, existence). Second, we combine pragmatic sociology with narrative analysis to enable the study of dominant justificatory practices. Third, we develop the framework through a practice-oriented exploration of the Snowden controversy with a focus on the US and Germany. We identify distinct justificatory practices in each test format linked to narrative devices (for example, plots, roles, metaphors) whose fluid, contested dynamics have the potential to effect change. The framework is particularly relevant for IR scholars interested in legitimacy issues, the normativity of practices, and the power of narratives.
Theoretical insights into the dissociation process for dissociative electron attachment to adenine and its tautomer
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Xing , Xu Zhongfeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using an atom-centered density matrix propagation method are carried out in the first time to investigate the dissociative electron attachment (DEA) processes of adenine and its tautomer in the gas phase. Since the incoming electron are captured on the lowest π∗ anti-bond orbital, which is led to the different N–H bond, the C–H bond and the C–N bond are broken. The dominant anion observed in DEA dissociation process is the closed-shell dehydrogenated anion (Ade − H)−. The additional anions (Ade − NH2)− and (Ade − 2H)− are also obtained in ADMP simulation. The results are well consistent with the previous DEA experimental results. Thus, the ADMP method is used to gain a more intuitive and better understanding of the necessary dissociation process in the DEA experiment.
Relationship between protein intake and bone architecture or bone mineral density among dynapenic-obese older adults
Authors: Buckinx Fanny , Peyrusque Eva , Bass Alec , Noirez Philippe , Aubertin-Leheudre Mylène 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:The current study aimed to assess the relationship between protein intake and bone parameters among dynapenic-obese older adults.Design:The current study is a secondary analysis with an a posteriori and exploratory design.Setting:Subjects were recruited from the community via social communication (flyers and meetings in community centres) in the Great Montreal area.Participants:Twenty-six subjects were divided a posteriori into two groups according to their usual protein intake: PROT−: < 1 g/kg per d (n 13; women: 53·8 %; 66·5 (sd 3·3) years) and PROT+: > 1·2 g/kg per d (n 13; women: 61·5 %; 67·2 (sd 2·7) years).Results:Both groups were comparable for age (PROT−: 66·5 (sd 3·3) v. PROT+: 67·2 (sd 2·7) years, P = 0·61) and gender (women: PROT−: n 7; 53·8 % v. PROT+: n 8; 61·5 %, P = 0·69). The PROT− group had a higher marrow area (P = 0·049), a greater bone compressive strength (P = 0·048) and a larger total bone area (P = 0·045) than the PROT+ group. However, no significant difference between the two groups was observed regarding body composition (fat and lean masses) or muscle composition.Conclusions:A lower protein intake seems to be associated with bone sizes, which influence bone strength, but do not influence bone density among dynapenic-obese older people.
The End of Song: Improvisation as Social Critique in Brazil
Authors: McNALLY JAMES 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article addresses an emerging phenomenon in which Brazilian popular musicians have begun to depart from popular song (canção popular) in favour of free improvisation in response to rising authoritarianism. As a case study, I examine the creative project Carta Branca, which brings together popular and experimental musicians from styles such as MPB and hip-hop to perform freely improvised concerts. Following a consideration of the history of Braziliancanção popular, the article discusses how contemporary popular musicians engage in free improvisation as an alternative means of musical critique. I contend that their actions constitute evidence of a broader ‘post-canção’ moment, with the potential to facilitate more flexible and collective ways of responding to Brazil's reactionary moment. The article further discusses how the musicians’ improvisational turn fosters a renewed engagement with a form of cultural improvisation tied to understandings of national identity and being in the world specific to Brazil.
Feasibility and acceptability of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) or acupuncture for insomnia and related distress among cancer caregivers
Authors: Applebaum Allison J. , Buda Kara , Hoyt Michael A. , Shaffer Kelly , Garland Sheila , Mao Jun J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveInsomnia is a common, distressing, and impairing psychological outcome experienced by informal caregivers (ICs) of patients with cancer. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and acupuncture both have known benefits for patients with cancer, but such benefits have yet to be evaluated among ICs. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of CBT-I and acupuncture among ICs with moderate or greater levels of insomnia.MethodParticipants were randomized to eight sessions of CBT-I or ten sessions of acupuncture.ResultsResults highlighted challenges of identifying interested and eligible ICs and the impact of perception of intervention on retention and likely ultimately outcome.Significance of the resultsFindings suggest preliminary support for non-pharmacological interventions to treat insomnia in ICs and emphasize the importance of matching treatment modality to the preferences and needs of ICs.