bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of matching error on linked mortality outcome in a data linkage of secondary mental health data with Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) and mortality records in South East London: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jewell Amelia , Broadbent Matthew , Hayes Richard D , Gilbert Ruth , Stewart Robert , Downs Johnny 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesLinkage of electronic health records (EHRs) to Hospital Episode Statistics (HES)-Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality data has provided compelling evidence for lower life expectancy in people with severe mental illness. However, linkage error may underestimate these estimates. Using a clinical sample (n=265 300) of individuals accessing mental health services, we examined potential biases introduced through missed matching and examined the impact on the association between clinical disorders and mortality.SettingThe South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) is a secondary mental healthcare provider in London. A deidentified version of SLaM’s EHR was available via the Clinical Record Interactive Search system linked to HES-ONS mortality records.ParticipantsRecords from SLaM for patients active between January 2006 and December 2016.Outcome measuresTwo sources of death data were available for SLaM participants: accurate and contemporaneous date of death via local batch tracing (gold standard) and date of death via linked HES-ONS mortality data. The effect of linkage error on mortality estimates was evaluated by comparing sociodemographic and clinical risk factor analyses using gold standard death data against HES-ONS mortality records.ResultsOf the total sample, 93.74% were successfully matched to HES-ONS records. We found a number of statistically significant administrative, sociodemographic and clinical differences between matched and unmatched records. Of note, schizophrenia diagnosis showed a significant association with higher mortality using gold standard data (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.15; p=0.02) but not in HES-ONS data (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.13; p=0.16). Otherwise, little change was found in the strength of associated risk factors and mortality after accounting for missed matching bias.ConclusionsDespite significant clinical and sociodemographic differences between matched and unmatched records, changes in mortality estimates were minimal. However, researchers and policy analysts using HES-ONS linked resources should be aware that administrative linkage processes can introduce error.
Effects of beta-blocker therapy on mortality after elective colon cancer surgery: a Swedish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ahl Rebecka , Matthiessen Peter , Sjölin Gabriel , Cao Yang , Wallin Göran , Ljungqvist Olle , Mohseni Shahin 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveColon cancer surgery remains associated with substantial postoperative morbidity and mortality despite advances in surgical techniques and care. The trauma of surgery triggers adrenergic hyperactivation which drives adverse stress responses. We hypothesised that outcome benefits are gained by reducing the effects of hyperadrenergic activity with beta-blocker therapy in patients undergoing colon cancer surgery. This study aims to test this hypothesis.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsThis is a nationwide study which includes all adult patients undergoing elective colon cancer surgery in Sweden over 10 years. Patient data were collected from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Registry. The national drugs registry was used to obtain information about beta-blocker use. Patients were subdivided into exposed and unexposed groups. The association between beta-blockade, short-term and long-term mortality was evaluated using Poisson regression, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcome of interest was 1-year all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included 90-day all-cause and 5-year cancer-specific mortality.ResultsThe study included 22 337 patients of whom 36.1% were prescribed preoperative beta-blockers. Survival was higher in patients on beta-blockers up to 1 year after surgery despite this group being significantly older and of higher comorbidity. Regression analysis demonstrated significant reductions in 90-day deaths (IRR 0.29, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.35, p<0.001) and a 43% risk reduction in 1-year all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.63, p<0.001) in beta-blocked patients. In addition, cancer-specific mortality up to 5 years after surgery was reduced in beta-blocked patients (adjusted HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.88, p<0.001).ConclusionPreoperative beta-blockade is associated with significant reductions in postoperative short-term and long-term mortality following elective colon cancer surgery. Its potential prophylactic effect warrants further interventional studies to determine whether beta-blockade can be used as a way of improving outcomes for this patient group.
Role of optimism in adolescent mental health: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Rincón Uribe Fabio Alexis , Espejo Cristian Ariel Neira , Pedroso Janari da Silva 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionAdolescence is a critical period of human development, where adaptive or maladaptive experiences can happen. These experiences are associated with psychological, social, biological and health factors. Previous empirical evidence suggests that mental health is associated with individual assets and positive states, whose presence may become a factor of protection and resistance to mental disorders. Among these, optimism could play a fundamental role in sustaining physical and mental well-being and in dealing with threats potentially harmful to health. Given the rise of research on optimism and its importance in the various health outcomes, it is necessary to initiate processes of compilation and synthesis of this evidence to facilitate the understanding of the importance of this variable on the mental health of adolescents.Methods and analysisThe included studies will be experimental, observational, cross-sectional and longitudinal focussed on the role of optimism on mental health in adolescents, regardless of whether they belong to clinical or non-clinical populations. This systematic review protocol will be carried out following the Cochrane Manual for systematic reviews and will follow the statement on systematic reviews and meta-analysis of PRISMA-P (Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols). Searches will run from October 2019 to March 2020, and will be carried out from the following electronic databases: APA PsycNet, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Web of Science, PubMed Central and Scopus. Two reviewers will obtain the eligible articles, published from January 2009 onward, to assess the quality of each study and extract the data. For the presentation of the results, a narrative and quantitative synthesis will be carried out that groups the data found.Ethics and disseminationThe approval of an ethics committee is not required for a systematic review protocol. The results will be presented at congresses in social sciences and psychology and will be published in a peer-reviewed social or health science journal.PROSPERO registration numberPROSPERO CRD42019142616.
Patient Continuity of Care Questionnaire in a cardiac sample: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Säfström Emma , Nasstrom Lena , Liljeroos Maria , Nordgren Lena , Årestedt Kristofer , Jaarsma Tiny , Stromberg Anna 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveEven though continuity is essential after discharge, there is a lack of reliable questionnaires to measure and assess patients’ perceptions of continuity of care. The Patient Continuity of Care Questionnaire (PCCQ) addresses the period before and after discharge from hospital. However, previous studies show that the factor structure needs to be confirmed and validated in larger samples, and the aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PCCQ with focus on factor structure, internal consistency and stability.DesignA psychometric evaluation study. The questionnaire was translated into Swedish using a forward–backward technique and culturally adapted through cognitive interviews (n=12) and reviewed by researchers (n=8).SettingData were collected in four healthcare settings in two Swedish counties.ParticipantsA consecutive sampling procedure included 725 patients discharged after hospitalisation due to angina, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure or atrial fibrillation.MeasurementTo evaluate the factor structure, confirmatory factor analyses based on polychoric correlations were performed (n=721). Internal consistency was evaluated by ordinal alpha. Test–retest reliability (n=289) was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe original six-factor structure was overall confirmed, but minor refinements were required to reach satisfactory model fit. The standardised factor loadings ranged between 0.68 and 0.94, and ordinal alpha ranged between 0.82 and 0.95. All subscales demonstrated satisfactory test–retest reliability (ICC=0.76–0.94).ConclusionThe revised version of the PCCQ showed sound psychometric properties and is ready to be used to measure perceptions of continuity of care. High ordinal alpha in some subscales indicates that a shorter version of the questionnaire can be developed.
Naproxen chemoprevention promotes immune activation in Lynch syndrome colorectal
mucosa
Authors: Reyes-Uribe Laura , Wu Wenhui , Gelincik Ozkan , Bommi Prashant V , Francisco-Cruz Alejandro , Solis Luisa M , Lynch Patrick M , Lim Ramona , Stoffel Elena M , Kanth Priyanka , Samadder N Jewel , Mork Maureen E , Taggart Melissa W , Milne Ginger L , Marnett Lawrence J , Vornik Lana , Liu Diane D , Revuelta Maria , Chang Kyle , You Y Nancy , Kopelovich Levy , Wistuba Ignacio I , Lee J Jack , Sei Shizuko , Shoemaker Robert H , Szabo Eva , Richmond Ellen , Umar Asad , Perloff Marjorie , Brown Powel H , Lipkin Steven M , Vilar Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

Objective
Patients with Lynch syndrome (LS) are at markedly increased risk for colorectal
cancer. It is being increasingly recognised that the immune system plays an essential
role in LS tumour development, thus making an ideal target for cancer prevention. Our
objective was to evaluate the safety, assess the activity and discover novel molecular
pathways involved in the activity of naproxen as primary and secondary chemoprevention
in patients with LS.

Design
We conducted a Phase Ib, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial of two
dose levels of naproxen sodium (440 and 220 mg) administered daily for 6 months to 80
participants with LS, and a co-clinical trial using a genetically engineered mouse
model of LS and patient-derived organoids (PDOs).

Results
Overall, the total number of adverse events was not different across treatment
arms with excellent tolerance of the intervention. The level of prostaglandin E2 in
the colorectal mucosa was significantly decreased after treatment with naproxen when
compared with placebo. Naproxen activated different resident immune cell types without
any increase in lymphoid cellularity, and changed the expression patterns of the
intestinal crypt towards epithelial differentiation and stem cell regulation. Naproxen
demonstrated robust chemopreventive activity in a mouse co-clinical trial and gene
expression profiles induced by naproxen in humans showed perfect discrimination of
mice specimens with LS and PDOs treated with naproxen and control.

Conclusions
Naproxen is a promising strategy for immune interception in LS. We have
discovered naproxen-induced gene expression profiles for their potential use as
predictive biomarkers of drug activity.

Trial registration number
gov Identifier: NCT02052908
Turning the tide: reducing mortality among Danish merchant seafarers
Authors: Ugelvig Petersen Kajsa , Lyngbeck Hansen Henrik , Kaerlev Linda , Hansen Johnni 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesWhile life at sea traditionally has presented a variety of potential hazards, rigorous measures have been taken in the past decades to ensure the safety and health of all aboard merchant ships. The aim of this study was to examine overall and cause-specific mortality among Danish seafarers in light of these changes.MethodsA cohort of 44 555 male (75%) and female (25%) seafarers employed on Danish ships during 1986–1999 was established through records from the Danish Seafarer Registry. Subsequently, information on vital status and causes of death was linked to members of the cohort from the Danish Civil Registration System and the Danish Register of Causes of Death using unique personal identification numbers. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for the seafarers using rates from a sample of the Danish employed population.ResultsAmong seafarers with first employment prior to 1992, the overall mortality was high, with increases observed for many individual causes of death (overall SMR 1.78, 95% CI 1.72 to 1.83 for male seafarers; SMR 1.61, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.75 for female seafarers). Mortality among seafarers employed in the following period was reduced, with only a slight remaining excess of deaths. This excess in mortality was evident primarily among non-officers on board tankers and smaller ships.ConclusionsDuring recent decades, mortality among seafarers has changed, replacing the traditional image of a high-risk profession with almost normalised figures compared with the general working population. Marked imbalances in mortality according to job and ship categories have persisted though.
Generalization of cosmological attractor approach to Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Pozdeeva Ekaterina O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe construct models with the Gauss–Bonnet term multiplied by a function of the scalar field leading to an inflationary scenario. The consideration is related to the slow-roll approximation. The cosmological attractor approach gives the spectral index of scalar perturbations which is in a good agreement with modern observation and allows for variability of the tensor-to-scalar ratio. We reconstruct models with variability of parameters, which allows one to reproduce cosmological attractor predictions for inflationary parameters in an approximation of the leading order of 1/N in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity.
Temporal social network reconstruction using wireless proximity sensors: model selection and consequences
Authors: Dai Sicheng , Bouchet Hélène , Nardy Aurélie , Fleury Eric , Chevrot Jean-Pierre , Karsai Márton 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe emerging technologies of wearable wireless devices open entirely new ways to record various aspects of human social interactions in a broad range of settings. Such technologies allow to log the temporal dynamics of face-to-face interactions by detecting the physical proximity of participants. However, despite the wide usage of this technology and the collected datasets, precise reconstruction methods transforming the raw recorded communication data packets to social interactions are still missing.In this study we analyse a proximity dataset collected during a longitudinal social experiment aiming to understand the co-evolution of children’s language development and social network. Physical proximity and verbal communication of hundreds of pre-school children and their teachers are recorded over three years using autonomous wearable low power wireless devices. The dataset is accompanied with three annotated ground truth datasets, which record the time, distance, relative orientation, and interaction state of interacting children for validation purposes.We use this dataset to explore several pipelines of dynamical event reconstruction including earlier applied naïve approaches, methods based on Hidden Markov Model, or on Long Short-Term Memory models, some of them combined with supervised pre-classification of interaction packets. We find that while naïve models propose the worst reconstruction, Long Short-Term Memory models provide the most precise way to reconstruct real interactions up to${\sim} 90\%$∼90%accuracy. Finally, we simulate information spreading on the reconstructed networks obtained by the different methods. Results indicate that small improvement of network reconstruction accuracy may lead to significantly different spreading dynamics, while sometimes large differences in accuracy have no obvious effects on the dynamics. This not only demonstrates the importance of precise network reconstruction but also the careful choice of the reconstruction method in relation with the data collected. Missing this initial step in any study may seriously mislead conclusions made about the emerging properties of the observed network or any dynamical process simulated on it.
Microenvironmental Activation of Nrf2 Restricts the Progression of Nrf2-Activated Malignant Tumors
Authors: Hayashi Makiko , Kuga Ayumi , Suzuki Mikiko , Panda Harit , Kitamura Hiroshi , Motohashi Hozumi , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The transcription factor Nrf2 activates transcription of cytoprotective genes during oxidative and electrophilic insults. Nrf2 activity is regulated by Keap1 in a stress-dependent manner in normal cells, and somatic loss-of-function mutations of Keap1 are known to induce constitutive Nrf2 activation, especially in lung adenocarcinomas, conferring survival and proliferative benefits to tumors. Therefore, several therapeutic strategies that aim to inhibit Nrf2 in tumors have been developed for the treatment of Nrf2-activated cancers. Here we addressed whether targeting Nrf2 activation in the microenvironment can suppress the progression of Nrf2-activated tumors. We combined two types of Keap1-flox mice expressing variable levels of Keap1 with a Kras-driven adenocarcinoma model to generate Keap1-deficient lung tumors surrounded by normal or Keap1-knockdown host cells. In this model system, activation of Nrf2 in the microenvironment prolonged the survival of Nrf2-activated tumor-bearing mice. The Nrf2-activated microenvironment suppressed tumor burden; in particular, preinvasive lesion formation was significantly suppressed. Notably, loss of Nrf2 in bone marrow–derived cells in Nrf2-activated host cells appeared to counteract the suppression of Nrf2-activated cancer progression. Thus, these results demonstrate that microenvironmental Nrf2 activation suppresses the progression of malignant Nrf2-activated tumors and that Nrf2 activation in immune cells at least partially contributes to these suppressive effects.

Significance:
This study clarifies the importance of Nrf2 activation in the tumor microenvironment and in the host for the suppression of malignant Nrf2-activated cancers and proposes new cancer therapies utilizing inducers of Nrf2.
Reflections of Hospice Staff Members About Educating Hospice Family Caregivers Through Telenovela
Authors: Cruz-Oliver Dulce M. , Abshire Martha , Budhathoki Chakra , Oliver Debra Parker , Volandes Angelo , Smith Thomas J. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Hospice family caregivers are seeking additional information related to patient care, pain and symptom management, and self-care. This study interviewed hospice staff about the potential dissemination of bilingual telenovelas to address these caregiver needs. Methods: Qualitative structured phone interviews were conducted with 22 hospice professionals from 17 different hospice organizations in 3 different Midwest states. The interviews were conducted from October to December 2019. Hospice staff volunteers were recruited from conferences, then individual interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematic analysis was conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of how to best implement telenovela video education into hospice care. Results: Most participants were hospice nurses (36%) located primarily in Missouri (91%), with a mean of 9 years of experience. Three discrete themes emerged, the educational resources currently provided to patient/families, perceptions of the usefulness of telenovelas for education, and practical suggestions regarding the dissemination of telenovelas. The development of 4 telenovela videos covering different topics is described. Conclusion: Hospice staff responded favorably to the concept of telenovelas and identified important keys for dissemination.
Palliative Care Team Involvement in Patients With COVID-19 in New York City
Authors: Obata Reiichiro , Maeda Tetsuro , Rizk Dahlia , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: July 2020

Background: With the highest number of cases in the world as of April 13, 2020, New York City (NYC) became the epicenter of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The data regarding palliative team involvement in patients with COVID-19, however, remains scarce. We aimed to investigate outcomes of palliative team involvement for the patients with COVID-19 in NYC. Methods: Consecutive 225 patients with confirmed COVID-19 requiring hospitalization in our urban academic medical center in NYC were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups, those with a palliative care consult (palliative group: 14.2% [n = 32]) versus those with no palliative care consult (no palliative group: 85.8% [n = 193]). Results: The palliative group was older and had more comorbidities. During the hospital course, the palliative group had more intensive care unit stays, rapid response team activations, and more use of vasopressors ( P < .05). Patients with palliative care had higher rates of invasive mechanical ventilation than those without (46.9% vs 10.4%, P < .001). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 12 patients (6.5% vs 5.2%, P = .77) and death rate was 100% in both subsets. Notably, initial code status was not different between the 2 groups, however, code status at discharge was significantly different between them ( P < .001). The rate of full code decreased by 70% in the palliative group and by 47.5% in the no palliative care group from admission to the time of death. Conclusions: Critically ill patients hospitalized for COVID-19 benefit from palliative team consults by helping to clarify advanced directives and minimize futile resuscitative efforts.
Dexamethasone implants in patients with diabetic macular edema undergoing cataract surgery: Italian expert panel consensus statements
Authors: Alessio Giovanni , Boscia Francesco , Caporossi Aldo , Panozzo Giacomo , Reibaldi Michele , Staurenghi Giovanni , Varano Monica , Bandello Francesco 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: Intravitreal corticosteroid implants based on sustained-release dexamethasone provide effective retinal delivery of drug for around 6 months for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). As current recommendations on the management of patients with DME undergoing cataract surgery are limited, this article aims to highlight issues and provide guidance on the use of dexamethasone intravitreal implants (DEX-DDS) in patients with DME undergoing cataract surgery, based on the consensus findings of a panel of Italian experts. Methods: The panel developed a survey regarding the use of DEX-DDS in patients with DME undergoing cataract surgery, following a comprehensive literature search. The results of the survey were discussed at an experts’ meeting in September 2018, with a structured approach to determining consensus. The routine management of patients with DME undergoing cataract surgery was also developed for use as a basis of discussion to highlight current issues. Results: Eight consensus statements are presented, along with key issues that highlight controversial/outstanding issues in the use of DEX-DDS in DME patients with cataracts. Conclusion: The consensus statements can help provide practical guidance for clinicians in daily practice on the rationale, patient diagnosis and selection, and optimal management of patients with DME undergoing cataract surgery.