bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transportation of waste in the life cycle analysis
Authors: Gliniak Maciej , Lis Anna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The life cycle of the product is an assessment of the potential impact of the product on the natural environment. During the product life cycle, we take into account the stages through which the product passes throughout its entire life cycle. At every stage of the life cycle, transportation is a necessary element which is, unfortunately, significantly harmful to the environment. The paper presents costs and remuneration related to the transportation of waste and finished products. The price of diesel oil has the largest share in the structure of transportation costs. The analysis presents remuneration for the transportation of waste and finished product, taking into account all costs incurred by the carrier. The profitability of product transport is greater than the transportation of waste.
Petrology of granites in the Geramdachansky massif (Verkhoyansk-Kolyma orogenic region)
Authors: Trunilina V. A. , Roev S. P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The authors identified several varieties of different ore content of the late-orogenic and anorogenic granites of the North-east of the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma orogenic region. The purpose of the research was a detailed study of petrography, chemistry, crystallization conditions and geochemical features of granites of one of such massifs – Geramdachansky, which is associated with rare-earth mineralization. The belonging of granites to A-type of the late-orogenic or anorogenic geodynamic setting and wide development of dikes of leucogranites and pegmatites is determined. Typomorphic features of the composition of rock-forming and accessory minerals of granites indicate the beginning of crystallization from the high-temperature melt of the lower crust genesis and saturation of the residual melt of water. Isochronous Rb-Sr age of granites 86-94 million years. Considering the value of primary isotopic ratios of strontium (I0 from 0.71246+/-0.00072 to 0.7213+/-0.0034), granites are derivatives of melting of the crustal material with a model age of protolith on average 2223±151 million years. The presence of almandine-grossular garnet, comparable to eclogite garnets, among the minerals of granites; high-temperature zircon of crust-mantle morphotypes D and J and enriched with native iron chromium can be explained by the presence of the basic rocks within the magma-forming substrates. A rapid increase of the content of all rare earth elements, as well as uranium and thorium from the granites of the main facies to leucogranites and pegmatites up to commercial values, was identified. The melts that formed all these rocks have close and stable high (920-1000°C) temperatures, which suggest the presence of an external heat source, constantly active during the process of formation. These facts and the presence of the dikes of alkaline-basic composition near the granite outcrops with high concentrations of REE allow us to conclude that massif was formed the under the impact of heat and fluids produced by deep mantle magmas.
Investigation of Crustal Deformation by the Means of Directly Defined Spatial Chords – Possibility or Predeterminancy
Authors: Gospodinov Slaveyko , Peneva Elena , Lambeva Tatyana 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The possible effect of the reductions to the measured distances between the points in a geodynamic geodetic network on the reliability of the subsequently calculated deformations has been analysed. Experimental investigations on the basis of doubly measured spatial chords from the real network and their analogues in UTM-projection have been planned and implemented. Reduction adjustments have been indisputably found to lead to distortion of the deformation model. The problem about block-determined Earth crust deformation has been discussed. A method for calculation of the elements of deformation by geodetic determined linear deformations has been proposed.
The Comparison of the Web GIS Applications Relevant for 4D Models Sharing
Authors: Hejmanowska Beata , Glowienka Ewa , Michalowska Krystyna , Mikrut Slawomir , Kramarczyk Piotr , Opalinski Piotr , Twardowski Mariusz , Guidi Gabriele , Barsanti Sara Gonizzi , Micoli Laura , Malik Umair Shafqat , Gonzalez-Aguilera Diego , Sanchez-Aparicio Luis Javier , Rodriguez-Gonzalveza Pablo , Munoz-Nieto Angel Luis , Mills Jon , Peppa Maria-Valasia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents results of the project: Cultural Heritage Through Time (CHT 2, http://cht2-project.eu) realized accomplished within the framework of the “Joint Programming Initiative in Cultural Heritage” JPI-CH (http://www.jpi-culturalheritage.eu) by an international consortium: Politecnico di Milano (IT), Newcastle University (UK), Salamanca University (ES), and Stanislaw Staszic Scientific Association SSSA (a non-profit organization), (PL). The aim of the project was the integration of 3D models of buildings, cities and landscapes for monitoring and preservation of the cultural heritage. The research was conducted on three levels of detail according to the CityGML standard: LoD0 – regional, landscape scale, LoD1/LoD2 – urban scale, LoD3 – architectural scale, level of detail - building outside. Basing of this assumption, four test sites were selected: i. the city centre of Milan (IT) – urban scale, ii. the medieval walls and the historic centre of Avila (ES) - urban/architecture scale, iii. Hadrian’s Wall and its landscape (UK) – landscape scale, iv. the Fortress Cracow Krakow (PL) - architectural scale. Final 4D models were published on the Internet. The paper presents state-of-the art of the technology of 4D models sharing on the internet. 4D models were understood as 3D models solid one and point clouds changing through the time. Results of the practical initial tests of different software (commercial: Hexagon and CityEngine from ESRI and open-source: 3DHOP and Potree) are also shown. Web site: https://cht2.eu was created where the 4D models are placed for all the project partners.
Petrologic and chronological characteristics and formation mechanism of peperite in the Sanjiang Orogenic Belt in western Yunnan, China
Authors: Cheng Xianfeng , Zuo Qionghua , Peng Mingxing , Liu Deli , Li Xingtao , Ma Wei , Na Zhengqing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Jamda-Weixi continent marginal arc belt is an important component to understand the evolution of Paleotethyan. For the first time, the occurrence of peperite is being reported at the bottom of Pantiange Formation in western Yunnan, China. Two types of peperites have been identified, namely fluidal peperite and blocky peperite. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating results (253.6±0.7Ma) of dacitic lava showed that the peperite was formed during the late Permian. The peperite was formed during the alternation of active period and quiet period of the volcano in an apparent shallow ocean margin.
Remove the pharmaceuticals from water using selected adsorbents
Authors: Šíblová Daniela , Biela Renata 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As part of the project of specific university research at the Institute of Municipal Water Management of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, a laboratory test was carried out to try and remove to pharmaceuticals from water using selected sorption materials. The goal of the laboratory test was to compare two selected adsorbents as Filtrasorb F100 and Bayoxide E33 in terms of pharmaceutical removal effectiveness from water. Salicylic acid was selected as a pharmaceutical; which is a colourless organic acid, which is of great importance in the field of dermatology and is a proven tool for various dermatological problems including acne. This is a pharmaceutical that is obtained from the bark of a willow white. Sorbent Filtrasorb F100 is in practice commonly used for the removal of micropollutants, as opposed to the sorbent Bayoxide E33, which is used to remove metals from water. In order to remove pharmaceutical from water, two glass columns were used with internal diameter 4.4 cm filled with said sorption materials. Height of sorbent was elected as recommended by the producer of filter material at least 75 cm. Model water was prepared in laboratories by mixing liquid pharmaceutical into drinking water. Samples of filtered water were taken after 0.5 minute and after or 1, 2, and 4 minutes respective. Totally 9 samples including model water were taken. The analysis of water samples after filtration from individual columns with said sorption materials showed found that Filtrasorb F100 reliably removed to concentration of salicylic acid after half a minute, while Bayoxide E33 started remove the acid but from one minute higher concentrations were onwards measured again. This means that the latter material was oversaturated, and therefore gradually ceased to remove the acid.
A review of human hair heavy metal concentration characteristics from mines in China
Authors: Yang Shuran , Huang Qianrui , Cheng Xianfeng , Qi Wufu , Zhang Xiangqun , Xiang Yungang , Zhang Jiansheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper summarized the human hair sampling, treatment and determination methods for heavy metal testing, also organized the researches and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of 11 heavy metals (Hg, As, Pb, Mn, Se, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Sb, ΣREEs) contents from human hair pollution caused by the mining activities in China.
The review of geohazards in Xiaolongtan Lignite Deposite
Authors: Yang Shuran , Huang Qianrui , Cheng Xianfeng , Qi Wufu , Zhang Xiangqun , Xiang Yungang , Zhang Jiansheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper reviews the various aspects of the Xiaolongtan Lignite deposit mine and summarizes the geological disasters of Buzaoba pit, Xiaolongtan pit and Xindenger dump, including landslides, floods, bench erosion, the physical-mechanical changes caused by spring water and lignite spontaneous combustion.
Dimensional evolution of brick products from the full brick to the present in the Czech Republic
Authors: Fiala Jan , Fiala junior Jan , Mikolas Milan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Our presentation describes the evolution of single brick products with an emphasis on the dimensional disproportions, which had changed extremely mainly in the second half of the 20th century. We have to notice that the evolutionary lineage of fired bricks reaches the period of 25.000 years B. C. Around the year 8000 B. C., the production of full bricks started. Another turning point is apparent in the day of 14th April 1883, when in the Czech Republic after the metric reformation, the format of full brick has been set. After that the creation of brick CDm, smooth brick block so-called CDk blocks. In the 60s of the 20th century, the brick blocks of the system “spring, groove” were being created. Since then, the dimensional revolution has begun.
Special brick products and their application
Authors: Fiala Jan , Fiala junior Jan , Mikolas Milan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Our presentation describes the evolution of brick special products. Among them, it is possible to incorporate products, which we can find on vertical, but also horizontal constructions. Possibly, we can come across them on the aesthetical element of constructions. When we remind that the first ceramic decorative figure was The Venus of Věstonice. After obtaining this knowledge, we have known for 10.000 years. Many types of modification of full bricks. Not until the last 50 years, we were not able to come across the rapid development. Up to the year 1950, only full bricks were created but in different modifications. Then the boom followed.
Microfiltration in Water Treatment for Removal of Suspended Solids and Natural Organic Matter
Authors: Barlokova Danka , Ilavsky Jan , Kunstek Michal , Kapusta Ondrej 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
At this article are presented membrane separate processes – microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration in water treatment and materials and modules used in application of various membrane technologies. Theoretical part is completed with results from pilot plant experiments realised in water treatment plant Klenovec, where was used the microfiltration technology for removal of insoluble substances (expressed by a number of particles) from water. Over the last years water quality has deteriorated in water-supply reservoir Klenovec and this technology was tested for the purposes of modernization of the inefficient technology in water treatment plant. The pilot-plant tests for membrane filtration examination were carried out by using the microfiltration unit AMAYA 5 with a performance of 5 m3/h. Coagulation and flocculation run in two stages. At the first stage, the coagulant is dosing into a static mixer, which led the mixture to the second stage from. The second stage represents the tubular flocculator. In the membrane module, there is placed one ceramic element with a membrane surface of 25 m2, pores size of 0.1 μm, and consisting of 2000 tubules with a diameter of 2.5 mm. The results obtained from pilot plant experiments in WTP Klenovec supported theory, that this process with high efficiency of treatment surface water is suitable for this kind quality of water to obtain water for drinking purposes.
Geothermal Waters of Urganli (Manisa) as a Hydrogeological Model, Western Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Ozgur Nevzat , Buyuksahin Seher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The area of Urganlı is located in the western part of Gediz graben and consists of Paleozoic metamorphic rocks with intercalations of various schists and marbles, Mesozoic limestones and ultrabasic rocks, and Pliocene to recent travertine deposits and alluviums. Mica schists as intercalations in Paleozoic metamorphic rocks form impermeable basement rocks hydrogeochemically. The marble as intercalations in metamorphic rocks is of reservoir rock for geothermal waters. Moreover, these marbles are also aquifer for groundwaters. As impermeable rocks, sedimentary rocks with high quantities of clay contents in Pliocene to recent age play an essential role for enhancement of geothermal waters. Geothermal waters of Urganlı with temperatures of up to 75 °C and reservoir temperatures of up to 180 °C are of Na-HCO3 type whereas groundwaters display Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. Geothermal waters of Urganlı were represented as an hydrogeological model within this study. The Kula volcano in the Gediz rift zone with a last eruption age up to 18,000 a is responsible for heating geothermal waters.
An experimental evaluation of size effect and bearing capacity of footing on non-woven geotextile-reinforced sand
Authors: Shooshpasha I , Tavangar Y , Kharun M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Reinforced soil is a composite material in which elements with tensile strength were utilized for reinforcement. Geotextile is the most common material in group of geosynthetics for soil reinforcement. This paper presents the effect of a non-woven geotextile which have a higher failure strain on bearing capacity of rigid footing constructed on sand. A research has been done to investigate the bearing capacity of granular soil with plates which have standard width according to ASTM D 1194. In this study, a total number of 62 model tests were carried out in a laboratory using two square rigid steel plate with the sides of 270 mm and 350 mm. A broad series of conditions was tested by varying parameters such as the location of upper layer of geotextile, number of geotextile layers, width of reinforcement and vertical spacing between layers. In second step a series of tests were additionally carried out by varying of spaces between layers and width of geotextile layers in proportion to increase of depth. The results demonstrated that in all cases non-woven geotextile increases bearing capacity and the maximum bearing capacity was obtained in 4-layer reinforcement system. It is also shown that the optimum value of vertical spaces between layers after the upper one are respectively, 0.30 B, 0.35 B, 0.45 B. In addition, the results indicate that optimum width of the first two layers of reinforcement are 4 B and for the third and fourth one are 3 B and 2.5 B respectively.
The effect of increased deformability of columns on the resistance to progressive collapse of buildings
Authors: Tamrazyan A G , Fedorov V S , Kharun M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article discusses two constructive schemes of the building: two 20-storey buildings, in one model, columns with indirect reinforcement were used, in the other model, longitudinally reinforced columns were used. The calculation was carried out in the software complex Lira SAPR 2015. In the calculation, the finite element method was used in the form of the displacement method. The transition from the continual real model of structures to a discrete computational scheme was carried out by dividing the model into finite element grids with a step of no more than three element thicknesses, the number of degrees of freedom of FE is six. The limit state of reinforced concrete, which characterizes the work of structures in the stage of destruction, the “special” limit state, is considered. A particular limit state is characterized by partial destruction of the structure, but in which there is a resource of residual deformation, necessary for the redistribution of efforts arising from an emergency. Analyzing the calculations of the deformation and strength characteristics of the material with indirect reinforcement according to the normative document, it can be concluded that the characteristics of the material correspond to the operation of the structures when the “special” limit state is reached. The sufficient convergence of the data of the results of research of elements with indirect reinforcement and the theoretical results of calculation according to the normative document is established, which allowed in the modeling to make full use of the resources of elements with indirect reinforcement.
Translucent cover design of solar energy equipment for manufacturing of prefabricated concrete components
Authors: Koroteev D D , Kharun M , Istrakova M , Romero Barrenechea M E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Translucent cover is one the main design features of solar energy equipment like solar collector. Its material and layers number influence on overall translucency of the cover and, as a result, on efficiency of the equipment. Formwork, equipped by translucent cover, can be considered as solar energy equipment like solar collector due to similar thermal-physical processes, taking place in it. Such equipment can be used during manufacturing of prefabricated concrete components to speed up the curing process by heating the structures using solar energy. The aim of our research work is determination of optimal layers’ number of translucent cover. The research was made in various climatic conditions. The obtained results testify to certain influence of translucent cover design on efficiency of solar energy equipment. However, this influence depends on climatic conditions.
Comparative study of the AISC-LRFD, Eurocode 3 & SP 16.13330.2017 steel members design
Authors: Gebre T H , Lebed E V , Galishnikova V V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the comparative design procedures for steel frame elements using three different International design codes, viz. the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), the European Code (EC3) and the Russian Design Code (SP). It focuses on the resistance capacity of steel members subjected to different loads, such as tension, compression and flexure. It compares the formulation of all codes that identify their similarities and differences. The comparative study is performed for a compact rolled I sections with different slenderness and lateral bracing lengths. The results are presented graphically in different ways such as strength curves, Moment capacity versus lateral bracing length and normalized graphs. The comparative study shows that the resistance capacity specified by all specifications can be different for some considered cases. For compression member, SP specifications have higher capacity and economical approach. For flexural member, AISC gives higher capacity for inelastic region and EC3 gives higher capacities for elastic region but SP approach is lower for flexural capacity.
Window to floor ratio in the design stage in considering to visual-thermal comfort and safety in building
Authors: Thi Khanh Phuong Nguyen , Tamrazyan A G , Trung Kien Nguyen , Van Luong Pham 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The building envelope with the openings play an important role in the process energy performance and ensure the well-being in a working space because of the impact of the openings to the visual and thermal comfort of the occupants. When designing buildings and structures, the standards for permissible safety should be taken into account, which are expressed by the value of critical duration of fire and the explosive load. The aim of the study is to propose the integrated approach in determining the rational Window to Floor Ratio to provide the target Daylight Factor, energy efficiency for the tropical climate, in consider to fire and the explosive load using the graphic of the relationship of the Window to Floor Ratio to the target minimum Daylight Factor. The result was shown for tropical of Vietnam, the Window to Floor Ratio was recommended of 15.2% to 18.5% corresponds to recommended target Daylight Factor of 1.35%.
Raft foundations design charts: development and applications
Authors: Pechorskaya S A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Presented in this paper design charts for estimating effective depth of raft slabs on elastic foundation are developed in compliance with punching shear design procedures provided by Russian Design Code (SP) for reinforced concrete. Codes’ formulas are generalized to include only independent parameters omitting unnecessary calculations of critical section geometry. Proposed approach considers raft slab effective depth as a function of cross section sizes of vertical members (walls, columns) only. In the conclusion reasonable range of raft slab thickness to column sizes ratios have been established for numerical tests and experiments included in fundamental studies of moderately thick plates and raft slabs resting on elastic foundations.
Aerodynamic features of buildings with runways unit
Authors: Kazurov A , Suslova O 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Currently, opportunities are being developed and are being considered for using flying taxis in large cities due to promising types of air transport (Flying cars, passenger drones). In the second half of the twentieth century, projects for the development of helicopter transport were developed in the UK and the USA. Within the framework of this project, projects for heliports and buildings that interact with helicopter transport were developed in the UK. This experience is very important in the design of buildings with a runway unit, interacting with advanced air transport. Based on an analysis of projects in the UK and the USA, the authors developed experimental aerodynamic schemes of buildings with a landing unit. These projects were tested in the Virtual Wind Tunnel and implemented with the recommendations received by the authors at TsAGI (Central Institute of Aero hydrodynamics). In architectural design of buildings interacting with air transport, aerodynamics is the most important tool for shaping the spatial and compositional solutions of architectural objects.