bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal sickle cell anemia and neonatal isoimmunization
Authors: Narchi H , Ekuma‐Nkama E 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To study the risk of alloimmunization in pregnant women with sickle cell disease (SCD) and of isoimmunization in their offspring. Method: Thirty mothers with SCD were studied and their 35 neonates (group 1) were compared with 538 infants of mothers without hemoglobinopathies (group 2). Result: Six mothers with SCD developed alloantibodies. There was no correlation with maternal age (P=0.6), parity (P=0.18) or blood transfusions (P=0.4). The risk of alloimmunization by transfusion was 20%. Six neonates were isoimmunized, a higher incidence than in group 2 (P=0.02; relative risk 3.07). Five had ABO incompatibility and only one had anti‐c isoimmunization. All had reticulocytosis, jaundice and required phototherapy, one developed anemia but none required blood transfusion. Conclusion: Although alloimmunization was common in mothers with SCD and isoimmunization in their offspring, it was rarely due to non‐ABO alloantibody. There was no significant neonatal morbidity.
Advances in perinatal medical care — from our experience
Authors: Sakamoto S. , Takeda Y. , Nakabayashi M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the last 30 years, maternal and perinatal mortality rates have markedly improved in Japan. These results are supported by the advanced technologies and newly developed treatments in obstetric and neonatal medicine, the evidence of which will be described through the authors' experiences. Ultrasound‐guided treatments for fetuses and pediatric surgery for extremely tiny infants have been performed with cooperation among cardiac surgeons, anesthesiologists and perinatologists. The remarkable achievements in neonatal medicine are surfactant replacement therapy, application of high frequency oscillation (HFO) respirator, nitric oxide and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) systems and transcutaneous blood gas monitoring. The possibility to have a safe pregnancy and delivery arose for women with severe medical complications such as diabetes mellitus (DM), heart diseases, and hemo‐dialysis, factors formerly regarded as contraindications to pregnancy. The accumulative data of these high‐risk pregnancies treated in our center are introduced. It is noted that molecular mechanisms in fetal growth have been elucidated to some extent. The insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) and IGF‐binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) system, and cytokines, are involved in the fetal growth. Newly developed treatments such as urinary trypsin inhibitor (Urinastatin) for prevention of preterm delivery and amnioinfusion to cases of preterm premature rupture of the membrane are summarized. Finally, the reference to advanced medicine and its side effects lead to broad discussions regarding the future development of perinatal medicine.
Laparoscopic loop ligatures for bladder repair during laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Yin C.S. , Li Y.‐T. , Chao T.‐C. , Yu M.‐S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we report a case where a bladder perforation occurred during a laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy and was repaired by laparoscopic loop ligatures. This is the first case report of using the laparoscopic loop ligatures to close the bladder perforations. The loop ligature is an easy and quick procedure, which can be performed by most surgeons who take the time to learn the endoscopic suturing techniques.
Some ethical and legal issues in assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Dickens B.M. , Cook R.J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe potential and actual applications of reproductive technologies have been reviewed by many governmental committees, and laws have been enacted in several countries to accommodate, limit and regulate their use. Regulatory systems have nevertheless left some legal and ethical issues unresolved, and have caused other issues to arise. Issues that regulatory systems leave unresolved, or that systems have created, include disposal of embryos that remain after patients' treatments are concluded, and multiple implantation and pregnancy. This may result in risks to maternal, embryonic and neonatal life and health, and the contentious relief that may be achieved by selective reduction of multiple pregnancies. A further concern arises when clinics must (or choose to) publicize their success rates, and they compete for favorable statistics by questionable patient selection criteria and treatment priorities.
A comparative study on the structural relationships of manufacturing practices, lead time and productivity in Japan and Korea
Authors: Rho Boo‐Ho , Yu Yung‐Mok 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study focuses on analyzing how the factory productivity and lead time can be linked together with manufacturing practices in different countries, especially in Japan and Korea. A structural relationship model with five exogenous manufacturing practice constructs (design and engineering changes, production planning, materials management, process and process technologies, and quality) and two endogenous manufacturing performance constructs (lead time and productivity) has been proposed and empirically tested with mail‐surveyed data sets collected in these two countries. As a result, the overall fitness of the proposed model showed a significant structural relationship in both countries. Two exogenous constructs, process and process technologies and materials management, appeared to have significant effect on length of the lead time in both countries. Process and process technologies also showed a direct significant relationship with productivity in both countries. But other manufacturing practices had different cause‐and‐effect relationship with lead time and/or productivity depending on the countries. No other constructs were found to have any significant relationship with lead time in Japan. But the Japanese sample showed that process and process technologies, lead time and quality had a significant effect on productivity. Production planning and quality performance also seemed to significantly affect the length of lead time in Korea. But no significant relationship could be found between productivity and lead time or between productivity and quality in Korea.
Levels of dopamine and noradrenaline in the developing retina — effect of light deprivation
Authors: Shelke Rajani R.J. , Lakshmana Madepalli K. , Ramamohan Y. , Raju Trichur R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe effect of light deprivation on the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline was studied in the developing rat retina. These transmitters were estimated in three groups of rats: (i) cycling light reared; (ii) dark reared since birth; and (iii) dark reared since birth, but exposed to cycling light for 1 day prior to the estimation of catecholamines. Our results show that (1) there is a progressive decrease in the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline in the cycling light and dark reared rats during postnatal development; (2) dark rearing further reduces the content of dopamine and noradrenaline; and (3) restoration of physiological (light) stimulus in the dark‐reared rats during the early postnatal period results in the recovery of noradrenaline to a greater extent than that of dopamine. This study demonstrates a progressive decrease in the plasticity of dopaminergic system during retinal development, while such a decrease is not apparent in the noradrenergic system.
Lectin characterization of the olfactory system inbrachiopterygian fish
Authors: Franceschini Valeria , Lazzari Maurizio , Ciani Franco 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLectin binding was performed on the olfactory system of Polypterus and Erpetoichthys, the living genera of the subclass of Brachiopterygii. The lectin histochemicalpatterns and the Western‐blot analysis indicate that the receptor cells of the olfactory mucosa arecharacterized by high density of specific glycoconjugate residues. The presence of glycoproteins,whose terminal sugars are detected by lectin binding, might be related to the reception of an odorstimulus and its transduction into a nervous signal or to the histogenesis of the olfactory system.© 1999 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Associations between cortical slow potentials and clinical rating scales in panic disorder: a 1.5- year follow-up study
Authors: Dengler W. , Wiedemann G. , Pauli P. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn a previous study of 15 panic patients, we demonstrated that body-related (somatic) word stimuli elicited an enhanced positive cortical slow wave compared to non-somatic word stimuli. Healthy controls did not show this difference. The present paper reports on psychometric ratings in relation to cortical slow waves in these patients. Patients were clinically reexamined after about 1.5 years. Although no significant correlations between neurophysiology and psychometric measures could be found at the onset of the study, there was a significant correlation between improvement over the follow-up period and neurophysiology. A decline in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), which proved to be the best estimate for improvement, was associated with the relative magnitude of the positive slow wave elicited by somatic stimuli. Our findings support cognitive models of panic disorder, which stress that abnormal processing of bodily symptoms is relevant for the development and/or maintenance of the disorder.
An Evidence‐Based Approach To Male Circumcision: What Do We Know?
Authors: Updegrove Kimberly K. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTMidwives care for women throughout their childbearing years, guiding them through decisions made about themselves and their newborn children. The decision to circumcise a male infant depends on a number of factors, including medical, social, cultural, and religious considerations. Data surrounding medical benefits and risks of this surgery are inconsistent and, therefore, confusing. However, substantial data exist to support the conclusions that uncircumcised males have greater incidences of urinary tract infections, especially in the first 6 months of life when complications are greatest, greater incidences of ulcerative sexually transmitted infections, and increased transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. This article reviews available research on the medical benefits and risks of infant circumcision. Informed consent is essential for all parents who must make this decision.
THE 1999 ACC TASK ANALYSIS OF NURSE‐MIDWIFERY/MIDWIFERY PRACTICE PHASE I: THE INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT STUDY
Authors: Fullerton Judith T. , Johnson Peter , Oshio Sachiko 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe national certification examination (NCE) in nurse‐midwifery and midwifery is developed, administered, and evaluated by the ACNM Certification Council (ACC). The blueprint for the NCE is based upon a comprehensive list of tasks that describe the knowledge, skills, and abilities expected of the midwifery practitioner at entry into the profession. In 1999, the ACC initiated the third in a series of task analysis studies to ensure the currency and relevance of the task list. This study was considered particularly timely, given that the professional organization, the American College of Nurse‐Midwives, had approved pathways to midwifery for individuals whose first degree was not in nursing (the certified midwife) and also had expanded the core competencies for midwifery practice to include responsibilities in the domain of primary care. This manuscript reports the results of the pilot study, in which the specific list of tasks was developed. Three hundred and six ACNM members responded to a preliminary list of tasks, indicating their opinion about whether each specific task was relevant to entry‐level midwifery practice. The task list finally derived consists of 219 tasks and 177 clinical conditions, dispersed among seven domains of practice (antepartum, intrapartum, newborn, postpartum, well‐woman/gynecology, primary care/health assessment, and professional issues.) The task list represents a comprehensive profile of entry‐level practice for nurse‐midwives and midwives certified by the ACC.
Self‐Reporting Gold Nanourchins for Tumor‐Targeted Chemo‐Photothermal Therapy Integrated with Multimodal Imaging
Authors: Zhang Beilu , Wang Jinping , Sun Jingyu , Wang Yuhao , Chou Tsengming , Zhang Qiang , Shah Harshal R. , Ren Lei , Wang Hongjun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn search of facile yet efficient therapeutic and imaging nanoagents for cancer treatment, versatile self‐reporting gold nanourchins (AuNUs) featuring synergic chemo‐photothermal therapies and multimodal imaging are fabricated. AuNUs are synthesized using a surfactant‐free approach, and then functionalized with a Raman reporter 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (4‐MPBA) and dopamine to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐cleavable boronate ester bonds prior to further immobilization with hyaluronic acid (HA) for cancer targeting. Controlled release of an anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), loaded in the interstices of AuNUs, is achieved upon exposure to the overproduced hyaluronidase (HAase) in a tumor microenvironment. The spiny exterior of AuNUs enables their optophysical conversion of near‐infrared (NIR) light (808 nm) to heat for photothermal therapy and IR imaging. The surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of AuNUs also allows sensitive and reliable Raman mapping of their cellular uptake in vitro, and intratumoral accumulation in vivo, complementary to conventional photoacoustic imaging (PAI). With a demonstrated ability to eradicate tumors and enable multimodal imaging, AuNUs exemplify ongoing efforts in design and utility of multifunctional nanoplatforms.
A Fully Phase‐Modulated Metasurface as An Energy‐Controllable Circular Polarization Router
Authors: Yuan Yueyi , Sun Shang , Chen Yang , Zhang Kuang , Ding Xumin , Ratni Badreddine , Wu Qun , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGeometric metasurfaces primarily follow the physical mechanism of Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phases, empowering wavefront control of cross‐polarized reflective/transmissive light components. However, inherently accompanying the cross‐polarized components, the copolarized output components have not been attempted in parallel in existing works. Here, a general method is proposed to construct phase‐modulated metasurfaces for implementing functionalities separately in co‐ and cross‐polarized output fields under circularly polarized (CP) incidence, which is impossible to achieve with solely a geometric phase. By introducing a propagation phase as an additional degree of freedom, the electromagnetic (EM) energy carried by co‐ and cross‐polarized transmitted fields can be fully phase‐modulated with independent wavefronts. Under one CP incidence, a metasurface for separate functionalities with controllable energy repartition is verified by simulations and proof‐of‐principle microwave experiments. A variety of applications can be readily expected in spin‐selective optics, spin‐Hall metasurfaces, and multitasked metasurfaces operating in both reflective and transmissive modes.
Exploring Eye‐tracking Technology as an Assessment Tool for Point‐of‐care Ultrasound Training
Authors: Lee Wei Feng , Chenkin Jordan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesEye‐tracking technology has emerged as a potentially useful learner assessment tool in several medical specialties. In the fields of general surgery and anesthesiology, it has been shown to reliably differentiate between different levels of expertise in procedural skills. In the field of radiology, it has been shown to be a valid assessment tool for diagnostic test interpretation. Current methods of competency assessment in point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) remain a challenge, because they require significant direct observation time by an instructor. The purpose of this study was to determine if eye‐tracking technology can accurately distinguish between novice and experts in the interpretation of POCUS clips, specifically of the focused assessment using sonography in trauma (FAST) scan.MethodsA convenience sample of medical students, residents, and emergency physicians from a single academic emergency department were invited to participate. Participants included both novices and experts in POCUS. Each participant completed a baseline questionnaire and viewed 16 video clips of a FAST ultrasound examination while their gaze patterns were recorded by a commercially available eye‐tracking device. The primary outcome was total gaze time on the area of interest (AOI). Secondary outcomes included total time to fixation, mean number of fixations, and mean duration of first fixation on the AOI.ResultsFifteen novices and 15 experts completed this study. For total gaze time on the AOI, experts fixated their gaze significantly longer than novices (75.8 ± 16.2 seconds vs. 56.6 ± 12.8 seconds, p = 0.001). Similarly, experts were significantly faster to fixate on the AOI and had a higher fixation count on the AOI (8.5 ± 4.0 seconds vs. 15.1 ± 6.8 seconds, p = 0.003; and 170 ± 30 vs. 143 ± 28 seconds, p = 0.016). There were no differences on the mean duration of first fixation on the AOI (0.42 ± 0.12 seconds vs. 0.39 ± 0.09 seconds, p = 0.467).ConclusionEye‐tracking technology shows the potential to differentiate between experts and novices by their gaze patterns on video clips of FAST examinations. The total gaze time on the AOI may be a useful metric to help in the assessment of competency in POCUS image interpretation. In addition, the evaluation of gaze patterns may help educators identify causes of interpretation errors. Future studies are needed to further validate these metrics in a larger cohort.
Creeping bentgrass summer decline as influenced by climatic conditions and cultural practices
Authors: Miller Grady L. , Brotherton Mark A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDespite its popularity as a putting surface in North Carolina, creeping bentgrass (Agrostsis stolonifera L.) is highly susceptible to summer bentgrass decline (SBD) during hot summer months. Cultural practices have been shown to help alleviate the pressure of SBD. The objectives of this study were to detail the impacts of N fertility, soil water content, and hollow‐ and solid‐tine cultivation on creeping bentgrass quality. Cultural treatments included four N rates (97, 195, 293, and 391 kg ha−1 yr−1), four hollow‐tine core cultivation programs (6.4 mm diam. tines two times yr−1, 9.5 mm diam. tines two and three times yr−1, and a non‐cored control), two soil water content levels (low and high), and two summer solid‐tine spiking cultivation treatments (spiked and not spiked). Visual turfgrass quality was measured. A N rate greater than 195 kg ha−1 was needed to maintain acceptable turfgrass quality. High soil water content consistently provided better summer turfgrass quality compared to low soil water content conditions. Nitrogen fertility and soil water content interacted where higher levels of both resulted in the best quality ratings. Hollow‐core cultivation reduced turfgrass quality at the lower N rates; whereas, solid‐tine spiking had no effect on turfgrass quality. Although weather plays a large role in SBD in North Carolina, results from this study show that cultural practices can influence its severity.
Characterization of variability in blazar light curves
Authors: Singh Krishna K. , Meintjes Peter J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBlazars represent the dominant population of the extragalactic γ‐ray sources in the universe. These sources exhibit some characteristic properties such as strong and nonthermal continuum emission over the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from radio to Tera electron Volts (TeV) γ‐rays, with rapid variability on all timescales. The emission at radio and optical wavelengths is highly polarized with significant variation. The fastest variability in the blazar emission is observed during the flaring activity, which is an important observational property of blazars. In this paper, we describe various methods to characterize the temporal variability in the multiwavelength light curves of blazars. We also provide a detailed description of the set of statistical parameters that are used to quantify the level of variability present in the time series. Implications of the information derived from the variability study to probe the physics of blazars using multiwavelength observations are also discussed.
Simultaneous determination of citalopram and tadalafil by the second derivative synchronous fluorescence method in biological fluids; application of Box–Behnken optimization design
Authors: Abdel‐Raoof Ahmed M. , Hasan Mohamed A. , Madkour Ahmed W. , Abdel‐Fattah Ashraf , Eissa Maya S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis is the first study focusing solely on that determination of tadalafil in the presence of citalopram as an antidepressant drug. The determination in biological fluids of a co‐administered antidepressant drug and a sexual stimulation drug is a very critical and important step for psychotic and ischaemic heart disease patients, especially in cases of emergency and this requires therapeutic drug monitoring. A sensitive, efficient and rapid assay was selected satisfactorily and applied for simultaneous determination of citalopram and tadalafil either in their pure forms, in tablet dosage forms or in spiked human plasma. There was a large overlap for both drugs, forming the broad band found in conventional fluorescence spectra and their related synchronous fluorescence intensity. Therefore, the development of a highly sensitive second derivative synchronous fluorescence method was demonstrated that removed this overlap. The proposed method depended on measuring the amplitudes of the second derivative of synchronous fluorescence intensity at suitable wavelengths of 301 nm and 367 nm for citalopram and tadalafil at Δλ = 60 nm, respectively. Box–Behnken design as a response surface methodology was used to fit models and create an optimization process encompassing a set of factors and resulting in an optimum response value specifically designed for this method. Under optimum conditions, the linear dynamic ranges for citalopram and tadalafil estimation were 20–900 and 5–400 ng ml−1 with detection limits of 5.40 and 1.43 ng ml−1, respectively.
Pyrazines: Synthesis and Industrial Application of these Valuable Flavor and Fragrance Compounds
Authors: Mortzfeld Frederik B. , Hashem Chiam , Vranková Kvetoslava , Winkler Margit , Rudroff Florian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlkyl pyrazines—other than being extracted from various natural sources such as coffee beans, cocoa beans, and vegetables—can be synthesized by chemical methods or by certain microorganisms. The importance of pyrazines for the food industry is expected to grow in the upcoming years due to the higher demand for convenience products. The roasty, nutty, and earthy smell is reminiscent of coffee and cocoa, depending on substitution and concentration of pyrazines. The growing awareness of people about the ingredients and the origin of their daily food has strongly influenced the market with labels like “organic” and “natural.” Many flavor ingredients prepared by biotechnological methods have conquered the market recently and are destined to replace the ineffective (0.01% pyrazine kg−1 biomass) extraction from plants or animal sources. This review focuses on the achievements and challenges in pyrazine synthesis. The major part deals with an overview of methods such as the extraction of natural products, the chemical and biocatalytic synthesis, and fermentation by microorganisms. The different types of production are decisive for the declaration and value of the final product and span from 200–3500 US$ kg−1 for the synthetically produced or the naturally extracted 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine, respectively.