bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of calfhood nutrition on metabolic hormones, gonadotropins, and estradiol concentrations and on reproductive organ development in beef heifer calves
Authors: Kelly Alan K , Byrne Colin , McGee Mark , Perry George A , Crowe Mark A , Sauerwein Helga , Kenny David A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study examined the effect of plane of nutrition on the endocrinological regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis in beef heifer calves during a critical sexual developmental window early in calf hood. Forty Holstein-Friesian × Angus heifers (mean age 19 d, SEM = 0.63) were assigned to a high (HI; ADG 1.2 kg) or moderate (MOD; ADG 0.50 kg) nutritional level from 3 to 21 wk of life. Intake was recorded using an electronic calf feeding system, BW was recorded weekly, and blood samples were collected on the week of age 5, 10, 15, and 20 for metabolite, reproductive, and metabolic hormone determination. At 19 wk of age, on sequential days, an 8-h window bleed was carried out for luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol analysis. To characterize anterior pituitary gland function, an intravenous GnRH challenge was conducted (19 wk of age). Blood was collected via a jugular catheter every 15 min for 135 min for the analysis of LH, FSH, and estradiol. Calves were subsequently euthanized at 21 wk of age; the anterior pituitary, metabolic organs, and reproductive tract were weighed, and ovarian surface follicular numbers and oocytes recovered were recorded. Mean ADG was 1.18 and 0.50 kg for HI and MOD, respectively, resulting in a 76.6-kg difference in BW (P &lt; 0.001). Blood insulin, glucose, and IGF-1 concentrations were greater (P &lt; 0.001) for HI compared with MOD. There was a diet × time interaction for leptin (P &lt; 0.01); concentrations were greater in HI compared with MOD at 20 wk of age with no difference between treatments before this. Dietary treatment did not alter the concentrations of adiponectin or anti-mullerian hormone. There was a diet × time interaction for FSH, whereby MOD had greater concentrations than HI at 10, 15, and 20, but not at 5 wk of age. Over the duration of an 8-h window bleed (19 wk of age), serum concentrations of LH, LH pulse frequency, and LH pulse amplitude were unaffected by treatment, whereas FSH (0.23 vs. 0.43 ng/mL) and estradiol (0.53 vs. 0.38 ng/mL) concentrations were less than and greater, respectively, for HI than MOD (P &lt; 0.05). Likewise, following a GnRH challenge, the area under the curve analysis revealed greater (P &lt; 0.01) estradiol and lesser (P &lt; 0.01) FSH concentrations in calves on the HI relative to MOD diet, whereas concentrations of LH were unaffected (P = 0.26) between treatments. Ovarian surface follicle numbers were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in HI compared with MOD. Total reproductive tract, uterus, and ovarian tissue expressed relative to BW were greater (P &lt; 0.05) for HI compared with MOD. In conclusion, enhanced nutrition in early calfhood advances the ontogeny development of the HPO axis.
The central melanocortin system and human obesity
Authors: Yang Yongjie , Xu Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and the associated comorbidities highlight the importance of understanding the regulation of energy homeostasis. The central melanocortin system plays a critical role in controlling body weight balance. Melanocortin neurons sense and integrate the neuronal and hormonal signals, and then send regulatory projections, releasing anorexigenic or orexigenic melanocortin neuropeptides, to downstream neurons to regulate the food intake and energy expenditure. This review summarizes the latest progress in our understanding of the role of the melanocortin pathway in energy homeostasis. We also review the advances in the identification of human genetic variants that cause obesity via mechanisms that affect the central melanocortin system, which have provided rational targets for treatment of genetically susceptible patients.
Myelin Pathology Beyond White Matter in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) Cortical Tubers
Authors: Mühlebner Angelika , van Scheppingen Jackelien , de Neef Andrew , Bongaarts Anika , Zimmer Till S , Mills James D , Jansen Floor E , Spliet Wim G M , Krsek Pavel , Zamecnik Josef , Coras Roland , Blumcke Ingmar , Feucht Martha , Scholl Theresa , Gruber Victoria-Elisabeth , Hainfellner Johannes A , Söylemezoğlu Figen , Kotulska Katarzyna , Lagae Lieven , Jansen Anna C , Kwiatkowski David J , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Curatolo Paolo , Aronica Eleonora 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a monogenetic disease that arises due to mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene and affects multiple organ systems. One of the hallmark manifestations of TSC are cortical malformations referred to as cortical tubers. These tubers are frequently associated with treatment-resistant epilepsy. Some of these patients are candidates for epilepsy surgery. White matter abnormalities, such as loss of myelin and oligodendroglia, have been described in a small subset of resected tubers but mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear. Herein, we analyzed a variety of neuropathologic and immunohistochemical features in gray and white matter areas of resected cortical tubers from 46 TSC patients using semi-automated quantitative image analysis. We observed divergent amounts of myelin basic protein as well as numbers of oligodendroglia in both gray and white matter when compared with matched controls. Analyses of clinical data indicated that reduced numbers of oligodendroglia were associated with lower numbers on the intelligence quotient scale and that lower amounts of myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein were associated with the presence of autism-spectrum disorder. In conclusion, myelin pathology in cortical tubers extends beyond the white matter and may be linked to cognitive dysfunction in TSC patients.
Multifocal Necrotizing Leukoencephalopathy With Preferential Microglia Toxicity in a Patient Treated With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells and Review of the Literature
Authors: Marker Daniel F , Kofler Julia K , Mettenburg Joseph A , Agha Mounzer E , Wiley Clayton A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Neurotoxic side effects of traditional systemic chemotherapy are abundantly described. The introduction of newly developed biologic therapeutics and cellular immune effector therapies has expanded the spectrum of neurotoxicity. Multifocal necrotizing leukoencephalopathy (MNL) is a pathologic condition of unknown etiology that has been observed in patients after prolonged critical illness. We observed a case of MNL in a patient treated with extensive multimodal therapy including chimeric antigen receptor T cells. A month before death, MRI demonstrated signs of inflammation and developing edema in brainstem structures. At autopsy the abnormal MRI regions showed a wave-like loss of microglia with hemorrhagic MNL in regions closest to the brain surface. These findings reiterate the susceptibility of white matter to antineoplastic therapy and suggest new mechanisms of neurotoxicity when traditional chemotherapy is combined with biologic or cellular effector therapy.
Factorial estimating assembly base errors using k-mer abundance difference (KAD) between short reads and genome assembled sequences
Authors: He Cheng , Lin Guifang , Wei Hairong , Tang Haibao , White Frank F , Valent Barbara , Liu Sanzhen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenome sequences provide genomic maps with a single-base resolution for exploring genetic contents. Sequencing technologies, particularly long reads, have revolutionized genome assemblies for producing highly continuous genome sequences. However, current long-read sequencing technologies generate inaccurate reads that contain many errors. Some errors are retained in assembled sequences, which are typically not completely corrected by using either long reads or more accurate short reads. The issue commonly exists, but few tools are dedicated for computing error rates or determining error locations. In this study, we developed a novel approach, referred to as k-mer abundance difference (KAD), to compare the inferred copy number of each k-mer indicated by short reads and the observed copy number in the assembly. Simple KAD metrics enable to classify k-mers into categories that reflect the quality of the assembly. Specifically, the KAD method can be used to identify base errors and estimate the overall error rate. In addition, sequence insertion and deletion as well as sequence redundancy can also be detected. Collectively, KAD is valuable for quality evaluation of genome assemblies and, potentially, provides a diagnostic tool to aid in precise error correction. KAD software has been developed to facilitate public uses.
Spinal Neurovascular Malformations in Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: A Single Center Study
Authors: Larson Anthony , Covington Tristan , Anderson Katelyn , Tollefson Megha , Lanzino Giuseppe , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A number of studies have demonstrated spinal anomalies associated with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS). To date, there are no large consecutive series examining the prevalence and subtype distribution of spinal neurovascular malformations in patients with KTS.

OBJECTIVE
To report the spectrum and incidence of spinal neurovascular manifestations in the KTS population.

METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive patients with definite KTS as defined by International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies criteria who underwent spinal neuroimaging at our institution were included. All studies were evaluated by a staff neuroradiologist and a senior radiology resident for the presence of developmental venous anomalies, cavernous malformations (CMs), and arteriovenous shunts (AVS).

RESULTS
A total of 116 patients with definite KTS who underwent spinal neuroimaging were included. A total of 23 neurovascular anomalies were found in 19 patients (16.4%), including 4 patients with multiple anomalies. These included 5 patients with spinal cord CMs (4.3%), 14 patients with a paraspinal or epidural venous malformation (12.1%), and 4 patients with an AVS (3.4%). Of the AVS, 3 were epidural arteriovenous fistulas, 1 of which likely formed de novo in an epidural venous malformation. One was a conus medullaris arteriovenous malformation.

CONCLUSION
Our study cohort of 116 KTS patients demonstrated a wide spectrum of spinal neurovascular anomalies with a relatively high prevalence. Potential phenotypic descriptions of KTS should include the possibility for spinal neurovascular anomalies.
Brexit and Anti-Parliament Discourses among Conservative MPs (2016–2019)
Authors: Alexandre-Collier Agnès 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Brexit seems to have produced a new form of narrative in the Conservative Party in which some Conservative MPs brand themselves first and foremost as representatives of ‘the people’. Following on from the 2016 EU referendum, a new discourse has become prominent in the party and has also been developed as a new critique of the British Parliament. An analysis of Hansard debates between July 2016 and December 2019 helps identify different forms of anti-Parliament narrative which denounce the paralysis of the legislative process as well as its anti-democratic and conspiratorial features. By doing so, they reveal a radical departure from the historic values of the Conservative party such as the ‘veneration’ of Parliament but question the claim that this may signal the surge of a new type of populism.
RADON INHALATION EXPERIMENTS TO TEST RADON EXHALATION KINETICS
Authors: Fojtík P , Hůlka J , Bartl P , Jílek K , Malátová I , Kotík L , Rulík P , Rubovič P , Štekl I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Three experiments were conducted with a volunteer to test the kinetics of the 222Rn exhalation after a short­time exposure to an elevated 222Rn air concentration. Radon concentration in an exhaled air was measured, complemented by whole body counting of 222Rn decay products in a body. Exhaled activities are compared with the prediction of the recent ICRP biokinetic model for radon. While a rapid equilibration of the exhaled radon activity concentration with that in the air inhaled corresponded with the model, the measured 222Rn exhalation rate was significantly less than modelled. Five hours after termination of the inhalation phase, the radon concentration in the exhaled air decreased to levels expected for non-elevated indoor radon activity concentration. Whole body activities of the 222Rn decay products were found higher than expected. Inhalation of the unattached fraction or residual activity of decay products in the air inhaled may be the explanation.
Do environmental regulations affect FDI decisions? The pollution haven hypothesis revisited
Authors: Yoon Haeyeon , Heshmati Almas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study attempts to verify the pollution haven hypothesis by investigating the impact of environmental regulations on foreign direct investment (FDI). It uses Korean outward FDI data covering the manufacturing sector for the period 2009–15. This study not only considers the stringency when measuring the degree of the host country’s environmental regulations but also the enforcement of these environmental regulations. Since the pollution haven’s effects indicate moving the polluting production stages from the home country to other (host) countries, we differentiate between investments in the ‘production’ part from those in the non-production part using location information about the host country. The main results of a FDI’s model estimation show that the stricter the regulations in host countries in Asia, the lower the FDI both intensively and extensively in these countries. This supports the prevalence of the effects of a pollution haven. However, before we separate FDI into the production and non-production parts, the effects of environmental regulations on FDI are hindered by FDI in the non-production part. The results indicate that while environmental regulations are determinants of FDI in the production part, they do not have a significant effect on FDI decisions when the entire FDI is considered.
Rearing in female-only groups and dietary mineral supplementation improves sow welfare in the early parities and lifetime performance
Authors: Hartnett Phoebe , Boyle Laura A , O’Driscoll Keelin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe lifetime performance of commercial sows relies on longevity, which is dependent on good health and reproductive performance. However, there is a high rate of wastage of sows in the early parities, which is influenced by the way they are managed and housed during rearing. This study investigated the carry-over effect of gilt rearing strategy on the measures of welfare and performance. Eighty sows were reared using a two by two factorial design: rearing group composition [GC; female-only (FEM) or mixed-sex (MIX) from weaning] with or without supplementary minerals (CON = control diet; SUPP = control + Cu, Zn, and Mn) from 5 wk into the finisher stage. Once served, gilts were managed in a dynamic group gestation pen and fed a standard gestating sow diet. Locomotory ability was scored (0 to 5) and salivary cortisol measured five times during the first gestation, and human approach tests were carried out on day 108. Hooves were scored for injuries and legs for bursas at day 70 of the first gestation, at first weaning, and at the second farrowing. Sow behavior in the hoof scoring crate (movement, vocalization, and handling ease) was also recorded. The number of piglets born alive and dead during the first five parities was recorded as was the performance of the first litter to finish. Data were analyzed using general or generalized linear mixed models, as appropriate, using SAS (v 9.4). There was no effect (P &gt; 0.05) of rearing treatment on locomotory ability, bursa score, the total number of piglets born, or on offspring growth. However, there was an interaction between GC and supplementary minerals (P &lt; 0.05) on salivary cortisol levels with MIX × SUPP sows having the highest levels. Total hoof scores and heel erosion scores were higher in sows reared in MIX groups (P &lt; 0.01), and CON sows tended to have higher horizontal crack scores (P = 0.06). Sows from MIX kicked more at weaning than FEM (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to be more fearful in the forced human approach test (P = 0.1) where they are scored on their reaction to being approached. They also had more stillborn piglets across all five parities than FEM (P &lt; 0.05). Overall, rearing replacement sows in FEM groups and dietary mineral supplementation had minimal but beneficial effects on their subsequent welfare and performance.
SARS-CoV-2: how safe is it to fly and what can be done to enhance protection?
Authors: Harries Anthony D , Martinez Leonardo , Chakaya Jeremiah M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With lockdown restrictions over coronavirus disease 2019 being relaxed, airlines are returning to the skies. Published evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 transmission on aircraft is limited, but in-flight transmission of respiratory infections such as tuberculosis, influenza and SARS has been well described. Risk factors include proximity to index patients and sitting in aisle seats. Personal protection on aircraft could be enhanced by always wearing a well-fitting face mask and face shield or sunglasses, wiping surfaces and hands with alcohol-based sanitizers, not touching the face, not queuing for washrooms, changing seats if nearby passengers are coughing and choosing a window rather than an aisle seat.
Validation of a Questionnaire to Analyze the Expectations of First-Year Nursing Students
Authors: Hidalgo-Blanco Miguel Angel , Puig-Llobet Montserrat , Lluch-Canut Maria Teresa , Moreno-Arroyo Carmen , Vergara-Duarte Montserrat , Amador-Campos Juan Antonio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

AIM
The aim of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire to analyze students’ expectations, along with their level of interest and overall satisfaction with their nursing studies.

BACKGROUND
The expectations of students on entering university are closely related to the level of interest that they have in their area of study and their general satisfaction with it. This is certainly a conditioning factor in their learning. In this regard, there are few quantitative instruments that measure the expectations of first-year nursing students.

METHOD
A mixed questionnaire was constructed using items validated in previous studies, along with new items formulated following a review of the literature. The questionnaire was validated with a sample of 339 first-year degree program nursing students.

RESULTS
The scales of expectations and degree of interest showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > .7).

CONCLUSION
The questionnaire to evaluate the expectations and interest of students demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Harlequin Ichthyosis: A Case Report
Authors: Xia Qiu-Ling , Wang Xing , Huang Shuai , Li Jun-Nan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Harlequin ichthyosis is a severe autosomal recessive skin disorder. Most deaths occur within the first few days after birth, and the survivors still have severe chronic skin disease throughout their lives. Almost all cases were associated with a pathogenic variant of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter, subfamily A, member 12 (ABCA12) gene. We described a case of HI diagnosed by ultrasound examination during the second-trimester and genetic diagnosis reveal two novel heterozygous ABCA12 mutations c.2563-2570delinsGGCAATT, p.(Leu855Glyfs∗13), and c.6116delT, p.(Met2039Argfs∗8) by the next-generation DNA sequencing, which further enriched our understanding of the pathogenic variation of ABCA12 gene.
Twin Anemia Polycythemia Sequence: Knowledge and Insights After 15 Years of Research
Authors: Tollenaar Lisanne S.A. , Lopriore Enrico , Oepkes Dick , Haak Monique C. , Klumper Frans J.C.M. , Middeldorp Johanna M. , Klink Jeanine M.M. Van , Slaghekke Femke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS) is a chronic form of unbalanced feto-fetal transfusion through minuscule placental anastomoses in monochorionic twin pregnancies, leading to anemia in the donor twin and polycythemia in the recipient twin. TAPS can occur spontaneously in up to 5% of monochorionic twins or can arise in 2%–16% of cases after incomplete laser surgery for twin-twin transfusion syndrome. TAPS can develop across the entire second and third trimester. Antenatal diagnosis for TAPS is reached via Doppler measurement of the fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity, showing an increased velocity in the donor, combined with a decreased velocity in the recipient. Treatment options for TAPS include expectant management, preterm delivery, intrauterine blood transfusion with or without a partial exchange transfusion, fetoscopic laser surgery and selective feticide. The best treatment option is unclear and is currently being investigated in an international multicenter randomized trial (the TAPS trial). Spontaneous fetal demise occurs in 5%–11% of TAPS twins, more often in donors (8%–18%) than in recipients (2%–5%). Severe long-term neurodevelopmental impairment is seen in 9% of TAPS twins, with donors having an increased risk for cognitive impairment and hearing problems (15%).
Metastatic Breast Neuroendocrine Cancer in Pregnancy: A Case of an Oncologic Emergency and a Review of Literature
Authors: De Luca Caterina , Tosto Valentina , Badr Dominique A. , De Luca Laura , Porreca Roberta , Di Renzo Gian Carlo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Breast neuroendocrine carcinoma is a rare entity. It constitutes less than 0.5% of breast malignancies, and is usually diagnosed in older women. The occurrence of this type in young patients during pregnancy is extremely rare. Only 2 cases were previously reported. Both were diagnosed at earlier stage with the appearance of a palpable breast mass. Hereby, we present the case of a young patient at 28 weeks’ gestation admitted for severe diffuse back pain and neurologic deficit due to spinal cord compression at the level of C5 vertebra, and nerve root compression at the level of L5 vertebrae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of oncologic emergency during pregnancy due to a metastatic poorly differentiated breast carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation in the absence of a detectable primary focus of malignancy in the breast. We also discuss the management and the obstetrical outcome of this patient.