bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verifying the effect of silanized nitinol surface: An in-vitro study
Authors: Sinha S , Begam H , Nandi S , Chanda A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Although Nitinol is a popular orthopedic implant material, there is still need of surface modification of nitinol to control nickel leaching. Main challenge with such surface modification of orthopedic implant is that along with cost effective modification the surface, there should be good integration with the surrounding bone tissue. In this study surface of the shape memory Nitinol was modified by simple silanization process using (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysaline(APTES). Here we report the interaction between the Nitinol surface (both bare and silanized) and the human osteoblastic cells (MG63cell) over a period of 48 hours. From detailed investigations, involving MTT assay and immunocytometry it was found that silanized Nitinol performed marginally better than bare Nitinol. The effect of silanization on surface composition and roughness of the specimen is also reported here to explain the superiority of silazised samples in case of cell-material interaction.
Kinematic and dynamic simulation of biped robot locomotion on multi-terrain surfaces
Authors: Viswanadh Chegu , Sarkar Abhishek , Sreedharan Pramod 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Locomotion of Bipedal Robot has been the major topic of research in recent years. Still, the stability and control of locomotion of these robots on various terrains have not fully uncovered. The aim of the current work is to design a force feedback controller, which takes account of contact forces between foot and ground while the robot is in locomotion. This paper will focus on the variation of the contact forces on different terrains and effects of friction over these contact forces while the robot is in locomotion. The kinematic and dynamic constraints that are formulated are simulated using MATLAB (SimMechanics).
Facile preparation of Silver nanoparticles from Vitex negundo leaf extract with multiple applications
Authors: Murali Aswathy. S. , Pillai Athulya , Sreehari H , Sarma Sankar , Ajith Parvathy , Vinod Bindhya. S. , Anil Amrita , Smitha Chandran S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Synthesis of silver nano particles following green protocols is an emerging area of interest throughout the world, as it has multiple applications in different fields. Moreover the methods are non-toxic, sustainable, eco-friendly and economically viable ones. In the current work, that we have presented is an approach towards the development of zero cost and eco-friendly approach for the preparation of nanoparticles following the green route, using the leaf extract of Vitex negundo, a common medicinal plant in South India. The specific phenomenon of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has been used for the depiction of the silver nano particles prepared. The silver nanoparticles created was characterized by using UV-Visible Spectroscopy and its performance towards the naked eye detection of several heavy metal ions was done. The larvicidal activity of silver nano particles were assessed as per the standards prescribed by WHO.
Utilization of aluminum dross: Refractories from industrial waste
Authors: Ramaswamy Parvati , Gomes Sylvester Avijit , Ravichander Nitin Paul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and Magnesium-Aluminum oxides (MgAl2O4) are well known refractory materials used in engineering industries. They are built to withstand high temperatures and possess low thermal conductivities for greater energy efficiency. Dross, a product/byproduct of slag generated in aluminum metal production process is normally comprised of these two oxides in addition to aluminum nitride (AlN). Worldwide, thousands of tons of aluminum dross are generated as industrial wastes and are disposed of in landfills causing serious environmental hazard. This paper explores the potential to synergize the characteristics of the favourable contents of aluminum dross and its availability (in tons) via synthesis of refractories and thereby develop a value added product useful for the modern industries. In this work, Al-dross as-received from an aluminum industry which comprised of predominantly Al2O3, MgAl2O4 and AlN, was used to develop the refractories. AlN possesses high thermal conductivity values and therefore was leached out of the dross to protect the performance of the developed refractory. The washed dross was calcined at 700° and 1000°C to facilitate gradual elimination of the undesired phases and finally sintered at 1500°C. The dross refractory pellets were subjected to thermo-physical and structural properties analysis: XRD (structural phase), SEM (Microstructure), EDS (chemical constituents) and thermal shock cycling test by dipping in molten aluminum and exposing to ambient (laboratory). The findings include the favourable prospects of using aluminum dross as refractories in metal casting industries.
Voltammetric immunosensing platform based on dual signal amplification using gold nanoparticle labels
Authors: Vargis Vidhu Sara , Chandhana J P , Suneesh P V , Nair Bipin , Satheesh Babu T G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An electrochemical immunosensing platform based on dual signal amplification strategy has been developed using gold nanoparticles. Human Immunoglobulin G was used as a model analyte in order to establish the immunosensing platform. The platform was fabricated using of 1,6-hexanedithiol self assembled on a gold disc electrode and was further modified by citrate capped gold nanoparticles. The direct immobilization of antibody was achieved through electrostatic interaction between negatively charged citrate capped gold nanoparticles and positively charged amino group of antibody. Each step of modification was analyzed using electroanalytical techniques like cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled secondary antibodies conjugated on gold nanoparticles (AuNP-Ab2) acted as nanolabels. Thus the sandwich immunocomplex formed on the electrode surface produced an electrocatalytic response through the reduction of hydrogen peroxide by HRP in the presence of thionine. Electrochemical studies were carried out to understand the role of citrate capped AuNP and AuNP-Ab2 in dual signal amplification. The fabricated sensing platform can be used for the sensitive determination of various protein biomarkers by immobilizing specific antibody.
Non–linear dynamic studies in Distillation columns: A Case study of industrial effluent
Authors: Iqbal A , Ahmad S A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This work addresses the non-linear behaviour of distillation columns when there is an inappropriate selection of control variable in a system. An industrial effluent discharged from semi-conductor and pharmaceutical industries has been taken as a case study. A small disturbance in feed flow rate and feed composition has resulted in a ramp-like response of a recycle stream which has occurred due to the material imbalance in the system. This non-linearity in the process has been resolved by the selection of appropriate control variable.
Microstructure and Corrosion behavior of wrought AZ80 Mg alloys after the combined processes of ECAP and Hot Rolling
Authors: Naik Gajanan M , Gote Gopal D , Narendranath S , Satheesh Kumar S.S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the current work, wrought AZ80 Mg alloys were subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) followed by hot rolling (HR). Then, combined effects of ECAP and HR on microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior were investigated in 3.5wt.% NaCl solution. The microstructure and corrosion morphology study was made through optical and scanning electron microscope respectively. The results show that the use of hot rolling after ECAP significantly decreases the grain size compared to as-received and ECAP-4 pass processed Mg alloys. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization results have shown that the hot rolling of AZ80 Mg alloy after ECAP exhibited lower corrosion current and higher corrosion resistance is due to fine grain microstructure and continuous and uniform distribution of secondary phases. This was evidently observed during this study.
Study of structural features and antibacterial property of ZnO/CuO nanocomposites derived from solution combustion synthesis
Authors: Nagendra G K , Shivaraj B W , Manjunatha C , Ayeesha Siddiqua S A , Suchithra V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
ZnO/CuO nanocomposite was synthesized by solution combustion method using three organic fuels - EDTA, Citric Acid and Oxalic Acid with Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate and Copper Nitrate Trihydrate as precursors. ZnO/CuO nanocomposite was characterised for PXRD, SEM and EDAX to analyse the Structural, Morphological properties and Elemental composition. Crystallite size of 13.82 nm was found for the ZnO/CuO nanocomposites prepared from Oxalic Acid (OA). Further, ZnO/CuO nanocomposites synthesised from three different metal nitrate weight ratios (25:75, 45:55 and 65:35) using OA as fuel and Antibacterial studies was carried out on E.coli by disc diffusion method. PXRD results confirm that the nanocomposites prepared were in nano domain with the average crystallite size was found to be in the range of 13–21 nm. SEM micrographs of ZnO/CuO nanocomposites showed hexagonal ZnO and spherical CuO particles and the particle size was found to be in the range of 30–60 nm. EDAX results confirmed the presence of four elements namely C, O, Cu and Zn. Antibacterial studies showed that the inhibition zone of the nanocomposite was maximum (24 mm for 20 μL) for the sample having high concentration of ZnO nanoparticles and it depends on the crystallite size of the ZnO/CuO nanocomposite.
Investigation on mechanical properties of hybrid graphene and beryl reinforced aluminum 7075 composites
Authors: Patil Shanawaz , Haneef Mohamed , Manjunath L H , Reddappa H N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The emerging technologies and trends of present generation requires downsizing the unwieldy structures to light weight structures on one hand and integration of varied properties on other hand to meet the application demands. In the present investigation an attempt is made to familiarize and best possibilities of reinforcing agent in aluminum 7075 matrix with naturally occurring beryl (Be) and graphene (Gr) to develop a new hybrid composite material. A stir casting process was used to fabricate with fixed volume fraction of 6wt% weight beryl and various volume fractions of 0.5wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt% and 2wt% of graphene. The properties such as tensile strength, compression strength, and hardness of hybrid composites were examined. The crystallite size and morphology of the graphene and beryl particles were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. It was observed that ultimate tensile strength and compression strength of the hybrid composite increased with increasing reinforcement volume fraction as compared to specimen without reinforcement additions.
Application of kulkote temperature regulating phase change material on merino wool fiber and pashmina wool felt material
Authors: Ramaiah Gurumurthy B , Parthasarathy Ramesh Keralapura 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHeat transfer and storage is one of the important thermal property that substantially varies due to the nature of scaled fibers coupled with layering technique applied while designing a winter garment. The presence of scales is not evenly distributed in size and numbers over the fiber surface resulting in uneven heat flow or trapping heat released from the body. In this study the SEM images of fibers are used to characterize scale configurations, geometry, dimensions, orientation and shape of scales of merino wool, pashmina and angora fibers. However, to improve the heat retention and lower the heat flow from the fibers, kulkote phase change material is applied by spray method on the fiber felts and evaluated for its thermal properties using DSC thermograms. DSC thermograms shows the thermal behaviour of fibers before and after treating with phase change material, hence justifying the effectiveness in controlling flow of heat resulting in construction of superior winter wear products
Acceleration of repetitive units in construction projects using line-of-balance and linear scheduling with singularity function
Authors: Shabeer Ali I , Rakesh P , Anand K B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Construction managers usually demand to increase the speed of completion of projects to avoid the penalties, to get the bonus from the owner. They plan and control qualitative and quantitative measures for the successful projects. Generally acceleration measures are followed to increase the speed of delivery of the project. Repetitive units in projects plays an important role in modern world such that most of the residential villa projects have some repetitive nature. This paper proposes a method for the acceleration of repetitive units in project by line-of-balance and linear scheduling with singularity function. Line-of-balance method is used for the programming and control of repetitive projects. Linear schedule is focused on the time-amount relationship and progress of the work. Singularity functions were previously used for the analysis of structures and lately applied for scheduling. Linear schedules associate the information on amount of work and time for each activity. This paper put forward a relationship between production rate, duration of completion of project and number of units. It helps to determine the required production rate to complete a particular number of units in a given duration. The analysis of repetitive units in project has been done, and the general equations are formulated for connecting the duration of project, total number of units, duration required for any activity and number of units completed.
Experimental Study on Laser Welding of AISI 304 Steel with Design of Experiments Approach
Authors: Chellu Pawan Kumar , Padmanaban R. , Vaira Vignesh R. , Menon Abbhelash S , Shariff S. M. , Padmanabham G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Austenitic stainless steels find extensive applications in engineering and structural parts requiring inherent corrosion resistance. The main objective of this study is to achieve good quality butt joint in 2.5-mm thick 304 grade Stainless Steel. The joint quality is quantified in terms of weld-bead dimensions. The main issue that manufacturers face is controlling the input process parameters, to get a good quality joint, with required weld bead geometry under controlled thermal distortion. The objective of this work is to select proper input process parameters that would result in desirable weld-bead profiles with minimal heat input. The critical process parameters influencing laser-welding were found using response surface methodology technique. The results proved that the developed model could efficiently predict the responses. The criteria demonstrated a possible reduction in top width of weld bead with enhanced depth of penetration, which automatically envisaged an increase in aspect ratio. A two-factor five-level criteria design was used for predicting the optimized parameters by performing multi-response optimization. Among them, the third criterion has shown a significant decrease in heat input and it was chosen as the best-optimized parameter.
Effect of microwave irradiation power for the morphological changes of ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Pavithra K S , Fasiulla  , Yashoda M P , Prasannakumar S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present investigation focuses on the effect of microwave watt power for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by microwave irradiation using two different precursors. The prepared samples were confirmed by XRD, SEM and EDXA to analyse the particle size, morphology and chemical composition of ZnO NPs. SEM images were recorded for the synthesis of ZnO NPs from different watt power using different precursors to analyse the morphological changes. The particle size was calculated by Debye-Scherrer formula using XRD pattern. Apart from that, the band gap was calculated from UV spectroscopic technique. The results confirmed that by increasing the watt power ranging from 240 to 420, a wurtzite structure (flower-like) are formed. By changing the zinc acetate with zinc sulphate at various watt powers, the morphology of ZnO NPs changes from spiral to tubular shaped particles were formed.
Design and Development of Automatic Cleaning and Mopping Robot
Authors: Adithya P.S. , Tejas R. , Sai Varun V. , Prashanth B.N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the present day scenario all the members of family are busy with their work and are not getting proper time to clean the house. The cleaning robot helps to clean and mop the floor. This is done by simply pressing a switch and the robot does the work. This also cuts down the labor used in factories for cleaning floor. Above being the case, motivated for the design and development of an automatic cleaning and mopping robot that does all the cleaning and mopping work with a simple press of a button. This robot can be controlled manually with the help of a mobile Bluetooth. The main moto of the project is to make this affordable and suitable for the Indian users and factories. The development of the robot starts with the design of a simple and most effective chassis for the robot which is a very important part as it has to carry all the weight on the robot. The electronics part where, the type of motor and its specification that should be used to run the bot, the sensors to be used, the microcontroller, the motor drivers, the wheels and other electronic components to be used on the robot are decided. Further, the assembling of the components will be done and finally testing and calibrating the device. A robot which is capable of efficient dust cleaning and moping of the floor of a given room is the main aim of the robot. It is aimed to make the robot economic and feasible for the economic class society. The target time of operation of the robot is one hour. The developed robot will be useful for the household application and industries. This helps to keep the workspace and house clean without the physical labor. Also, the device will clean the room with a single switch of button.
Predictive Control on Power Source Selection in Hybrid Vehicle System
Authors: Vishnu Verchas S , Vijaya Chandrakala K R M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Technology advances day by day. It improves like revolutions. As in TeleCom, the mode of communications advances from electrical lines to optical lines to increase the speed of data transmission and now it is wireless. This pattern holds true for the revolution in automotive industry. It is the part of “Fourth Industrial Revolution” targeting connectivity, electrificatio n and update in customer needs. This revolution is in-need of more energy compared to the conventional requirement. Progress in battery technologies are providing us an option towards the electrification of the automobiles. The advancing safety features has demand in power which roots towards electrification. As pulses, the initial effort has taken in improving the utilizatio n of Energy Storage Systems for Electric or Hybrid Vehicles. Drives used in Electric Vehicles (EV) are configured to act as generator during braking, thus charging the Energy Storage System (ESS). This ESS offers efficiency in storing re-generative braking energy, vehicle acceleration and battery safety. Appropriate switching algorithm (ANFIS) is required to control the power supply source during power demand, which based on the past learnings that target to improve the efficiency of control mechanism to maintain the quality of Battery and Super Capacitor in Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS).
Design and Development of Pneumatic Drug Delivery System
Authors: Abhinandu K. , Pramod Kumar K.V.S. , Srikanth T. , Prashanth B.N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pneumatic delivery system is a popular system during 19th & 20th century where there was internet to send emails. These systems were used to send files from one department to other department in the office environment. Later these were slowly replaced by fax and email. Now-a-days these are being widely used in hospitals to deliver blood samples or drugs through capsule from one block to other block of the hospital to save time since blood samples and drugs weigh very less. Above being the case, a system was developed where a capsule containing blood samples or drugs of minimum 5kg of weight can be carried using less number of air compressors by creating a smart path. Till now there were systems which were designed for apartments and industries for transportation of products from one location to another location, but the developed system can be implemented in hospitals for drug delivery from one place to other place. The capsules can be built using suction pipes to reduce the cost of the system. Cost of the system can be further greatly reduced by using PVC or acrylic sheets. The system can be made more effective by using smart path which is specially designed to reduce traffic and time delay. The developed system allows the reuse and storage of compressed air in the pipes, so that less number of compressors are being used. The system also allows a unique method of finding the location of the drug in the whole system by Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. Finally, the developed system is very useful in hospitals for transporting drug by reducing the traffic and time delay. Further, the system can be developed such a way that it can be used to deliver the couriers in a faster rate to save time and the cost to deliver product can also be greatly reduced.
Automated higher-order mesh generation in MATLAB on biomaterials
Authors: Smitha T. V. , Nagaraja K. V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We propose a method for automated higher-order triangle and tetrahedral mesh generation in MATLAB on biomaterials. The proposed mesh generator is based on the MATLAB function generate Mesh from the Partial Differential Equation Toolbox. Here, the inputs are STL file and an approximate upper bound on mesh edge length for the geometry under consideration using the higher-order triangle or tetrahedral elements. As, output we get a higher-order triangle or tetrahedral meshes, connectivity matrix, coordinates of the nodes, and boundary nodes. These outputs can be efficiently used for solving any partial differential equations by finite element method which arises in many applications like biomaterials, computational materials science, crystal plasticity, materials engineering, mechanics of materials etc.
Numerical analysis of exhaust gas braking system to maximize the back pressure
Authors: Balasubramaniam S , Senthil Kumar D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The excessive load on foundation brakes are shared by exhaust brakes during downhill performance of trucks. The exhaust brake increases the life of foundation brakes and also provides assistance to the foundation brake, especially during downhill operation. In this work, the position of the exhaust flow flap have been optimized accordingly to increase the back pressure generated in the diesel engines manufactured at Tata Cummins Ltd., India. The exhaust valve lift with respect to crank angle is modified for exhaust brake module to facilitate back pressure inside engine cylinder. A 1-D GT-POWER six cylinder engine model is modelled to replicate conditions at the inlet of the exhaust circuit. CFD simulations are carried out for various exhaust flow flap positions in order to maximize the back pressure required at engine cylinder. The position of the exhaust flow flap is crucial in resulting back pressure as the exhaust elbow geometry have sharp bends and diverging cross section. The exhaust flow flap is always placed normal to the plane of exhaust elbow. Numerical simulations are performed for various position from the turbo fan. High absolute pressure is observed, when exhaust flow flap is moved closer to the turbo fan. The high absolute pressure at exhaust manifold inlet is observed at 27mm from the turbo fan.