bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing cognitive assessment service provision between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and non‐Indigenous Australians at a metropolitan health service
Authors: Stolwyk Renerus J. , Evans Loretta , O’Halloran Catherine , Evans Julie , Gooden James R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations are at a significantly higher risk of neurological and cognitive impairment from a range of aetiologies. In order to better identify and support Indigenous Australians with cognitive impairment, culturally appropriate screening, management and referral processes are critical. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of presentations and type of cognitive screening conducted with Indigenous Australians presenting to health services.MethodsHospital data for 30 Indigenous Australians presenting with neurological symptoms to Emergency Departments within a large metropolitan health service were compared with a group of 30 non‐Indigenous, Australian‐born, English‐speaking, age‐, gender‐ and diagnosis‐matched individuals.ResultsOnly two individuals, one from each group, received cognitive screening. This was likely related to a surprisingly large proportion of Indigenous Australians presenting to hospital with headache and migraine. Significantly more Indigenous Australians (36.7%) were consulted by a member of the multidisciplinary team compared to 10% of the non‐Indigenous group. No differences in follow‐up referrals were observed.ConclusionsResults indicated a lack of cognitive screening practices being undertaken in both groups. It was encouraging to see Indigenous Australians receiving consultations from multidisciplinary team members at a higher rate, with a similar follow‐up pathway being observed. This study further highlights the need for adoption of screening practices in primary health care settings and the development and use of culturally appropriate cognitive screening measures.So what?This study investigates the cognitive screening practices of a metropolitan health service and highlights the need for culturally appropriate cognitive screening methods to be developed and implemented to facilitate the identification of cognitive impairment in Indigenous Australians presenting for treatment.
Markup cyclicality, competition and liquidity constraints: Evidence from a panel VAR analysis
Authors: Amountzias Chrysovalantis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe main scope of this study is to investigate the effects of competition and liquidity constraints on the cyclical behaviour of the markup ratio. In particular, 79 2‐digit NACE Rev.2 sectors across the UK manufacturing and services industry over 2008–2017 are taken into account in order to observe markup cyclicality and whether pricing decisions are significantly influenced by the degree of competition and liquidity restrictions. A panel VAR framework is used to take into account the presence of cross‐section dependence and heterogeneity amongst the regressors of the model. The empirical results provide the following significant insights: (a) the markup ratio across the UK sectors follows a countercyclical pattern, (b) concentrated sectors tend to charge countercyclical price–cost margins as they attempt to increase their market share in normal periods and (c) sectors with liquidity constrained firms charge countercyclical markups in order to substitute lack of funding with additional revenue. Complementary findings also suggest that more profitable firms charge procyclical markup ratios, thus validating predatory pricing strategies in more concentrated sectors.
Gliclazide attenuates cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity through inhibiting NF‐κB and caspase‐3 activity
Authors: Taghizadeh Fatemeh , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Zargari Mehryar , Karimpour Malekshah Abbasali , Talebpour Amiri Fereshteh Beigom 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCisplatin (CP), as a chemotherapeutic drug, causes nephrotoxicity that has limited the clinical utility of CP. Gliclazide (GLZ), as an antihyperglycemic drug, at low dose has antioxidant property. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of GLZ against CP‐induced acute renal injury. Sixty‐four BALB/c mice were randomly divided into eight groups. The groups were included as control, GLZ (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg), CP, and GLZ (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg) + CP. Renal function markers (serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde and glutathione), apoptotic marker (caspase‐3), and NF‐κB were histopathologically evaluated. The results of our study showed that increased urea and creatinine were evidence of CP‐induced nephrotoxicity. Histopathological examination revealed tubular epithelial and Bowman degeneration, edema, and cytoplasmic vacuolation in renal tissue structure. Administration of GLZ reduced oxidative stress, caspase‐3, and NF‐κB activity, and improved kidney function markers in CP‐treated mice compared with CP alone group. Also, we observed that the histological tissue structure of the kidney was maintained. GLZ at dose of 25 mg/kg had higher protective effect as compared with other doses. Overall, our study suggests that GLZ with antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory properties may be a promising new therapeutic agent to prevent CP‐induced nephrotoxicity.
Challenges posed by COVID‐19 to people who inject drugs and lessons from other outbreaks
Authors: Vasylyeva Tetyana I , Smyrnov Pavlo , Strathdee Steffanie , Friedman Samuel R 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn light of the COVID‐19 pandemic, considerable effort is going into identifying and protecting those at risk. Criminalization, stigmatization and the psychological, physical, behavioural and economic consequences of substance use make people who inject drugs (PWID) extremely vulnerable to many infectious diseases. While relationships between drug use and blood‐borne and sexually transmitted infections are well studied, less attention has been paid to other infectious disease outbreaks among PWID.DiscussionCOVID‐19 is likely to disproportionally affect PWID due to a high prevalence of comorbidities that make the disease more severe, unsanitary and overcrowded living conditions, stigmatization, common incarceration, homelessness and difficulties in adhering to quarantine, social distancing or self‐isolation mandates. The COVID‐19 pandemic also jeopardizes essential for PWID services, such as needle exchange or substitution therapy programmes, which can be affected both in a short‐ and a long‐term perspective. Importantly, there is substantial evidence of other infectious disease outbreaks in PWID that were associated with factors that enable COVID‐19 transmission, such as poor hygiene, overcrowded living conditions and communal ways of using drugs.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 crisis might increase risks of homelessnes, overdoses and unsafe injecting and sexual practices for PWID. In order to address existing inequalities, consultations with PWID advocacy groups are vital when designing inclusive health response to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
What motivates people to visit an unknown tourist destination? Applying an extended model of goal‐directed behavior
Authors: Kim Jinok S. , Lee Timothy J. , Kim Nam‐Jo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aims to identify the motivations of people travelling to North Korea, and to determine the effects these have on the travel decision‐making process. An on‐site survey was conducted with Chinese tourists in Dandong, China. The results of an exploratory factor analysis identified four motivation factors: red (communist identity), uniqueness, convenience, and escape. The results suggest that motivations for tourism to North Korea have at least a partial influence on attitudes. “Uniqueness” has the greatest impact on tourist attitudes, implying that the most powerful motive stimulating Chinese tourists to North Korea is their “curiosity” about that isolated society.
Doppler Indices of the Ophthalmic Artery in Pregnant Women With Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus With and Without Retinopathy
Authors: de Fátima Ribeiro dos Anjos Gizeli , de Freitas Márcia Aires Rodrigues , dos Santos Maria Célia Alves , Diniz Angélica Lemos Debs 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate ophthalmic Doppler velocimetry patterns in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus with and without retinopathy in comparison to pregnant women without gestational intercurrences.MethodsThis cross‐sectional observational study analyzed Doppler indices of the ophthalmic arteries, including the resistive index (RI), pulsatility index, peak systolic velocity, second peak systolic velocity, peak ratio, and end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), in 3 groups of pregnant women: diabetic with retinopathy (n = 12); diabetic without retinopathy (n = 85); and nondiabetic controls (n = 122). The Kruskal‐Wallis test was used for the statistical analysis with a probability of 95%.ResultsThe mean gestational ages ± SDs of pregnant women with and without retinopathy and nondiabetic controls were 29.1 ± 2.2, 29.7 ± 2.7, and 31 ± 1.0 weeks, respectively, with no significant differences between the groups (P > .099). The mean RI in the group with retinopathy was significantly higher (P = .030) than in the control group, but it did not significantly differ compared to the group without retinopathy (P = .204). The RI in the control group did not differ from that in the group without retinopathy (P = .079). The EDV was significantly lower in the group with retinopathy (P = .015) in relation to the control group, but there were no differences compared to the group without retinopathy (P = .217).ConclusionsPregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus and retinopathy had increased vascular impedance in the ophthalmic artery together with a reduction in the EDV, which was probably related to ischemia, thrombosis, and neovascularization of retinal vessels.
David among Goliaths: Open access publishing in scientific (semi‐)periphery
Authors: Macan Bojan , Škorić Lea , Petrak Jelka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis case study analyses data on papers of Croatian authors published in 2017 from four Web of Science Core Collection citation indexes (SCI‐EXP, SSCI, AHCI, and ESCI). The primary dataset (5,176 articles and reviews) was divided into two subsets, the open access (OA) subset (2,964 papers) and non‐OA subset (2,212 papers). We also used the primary dataset to create a subset of papers published in Croatian journals (1,588) as opposed to foreign ones. All were screened for full‐text OA status, journal JCR quartile ranking, journal dominant discipline, and language of publication. OA papers prevailed with 74.4%. Most were available at publisher websites. The percentage of OA papers in Croatian journals was 99.8%. The share of OA papers was the highest in the humanities and social sciences, which also saw the highest share of papers in the Croatian language.Key points
Three quarters of papers published by Croatian authors are available in open access (OA).
Most papers are in English, even in Croatian journals; Croatian prevailed only in the humanities.
Croatian journals are mostly non‐commercial, and many receive government subsidies, provided they are OA; they generally do not charge for article processing.
The prevalence of OA over non‐OA papers is the highest in the humanities, followed by the social sciences.
Open access publishing might increase international visibility of journals from periphery or semi‐periphery countries.
Weaving Off‐The‐Shelf Yarns into Textile Micro Total Analysis Systems (μTAS)
Authors: Öberg Månsson Ingrid , Piper Andrew , Hamedi Mahiar Max 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTextile based biosensors have garnered much interest in recent years. Devices woven out of yarns have the ability to be incorporated into clothing and bandages. Most woven devices reported in the literature require yarns that are not available on an industrial scale or that require modifications which are not possible in large scale manufacturing. In this work, commercially produced yarns are taken without any modification or cleaning, and developed woven textile diagnostic devices out of them. The yarn properties that are important to their function within the device have been characterised and discussed. The wicking ability and analyte retention of Coolmax yarns, developed to wick sweat in mass produced sportswear, are determined. The electrochemistry and functionalizability of Au coated multifilament yarns are investigated with no cleaning or treatment and are found to have as good a thiolate self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) coverage as cleaned Au disk electrodes. The feasibility of using these yarns is established off the shelf, with no cleaning, to make woven capillary force driven microfluidic devices and three electrode sensing devices. A proof of principle three electrode system capable of detecting clinically relevant concentrations of glucose in human sweat is reported.
Effects of Psoralen on Histone‐DNA Interactions Studied by Using Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Yingqi , Zhang Xiaonong , Zhang Wei , Zhang Wenke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe investigation of the DNA‐histone interactions and factors that affect such interactions in the nucleosome is essential for understanding the role of chromatin organization in all cellular processes involved in the repair, transcription, and replication of the eukaryotic genome. As a kind of photosensitive molecule, psoralen (PSO) is used in the treatment of skin disease with ultraviolet light (PSO and ultra violet light, type A). The effect of treatment is remarkable, but the side effect is also obvious. PSO can be embedded in a 5′ TA sequence in double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA), and dsDNA is mainly wrapped around a histone octamer to form a nucleosome structure in human cells. Therefore, it is very necessary to explore the influence of PSO on DNA‐histone interactions. To this end, the binding specificity and mode of DNA and histone in the presence or absence of PSO are investigated systematically. The results show that the presence of PSO (no matter if there is ultra violet light treatment) can increase the overall probability of histone binding to dsDNA while lowering the selectivity of histone binding to the specific DNA sequence in vitro. In addition, the increase of solution ionic strength can lower the ratio of histone binding to nonspecific DNA.
Surface Engineering with Polymer Brush Photolithography
Authors: Fromel Michele , Li Mingxiao , Pester Christian W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurface‐tethered macromolecules, or polymer brushes, offer a unique platform for coating surfaces for a wide variety of applications. Surface‐initiated polymerization (SI‐P), through which polymer brushes can be grown directly from an initiator‐functionalized surface, offers a facile, highly customizable approach that is synergistic with photolithography. Using a variety of photolithography devices and SI‐Ps, complex polymer brush architectures can be fabricated with great spatial and temporal control. This article not only addresses techniques, advancements, applications, and possible future directions within the field of polymer brush photolithography, but it also provides resources to assist the reader in selecting the polymerization technique and photolithography device most conducive to a given endeavor.
Optimization and sensitivity study of biodiesel synthesis from Jojoba oil using mixed‐integer programming
Authors: Ali A. , Abdulrahman A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractJojoba oil‐based biodiesel is promising alternative fuel due to its versatile properties. Renewable transportation fuels are considered as promising alternatives to conventional fuels. The physical and chemical properties of these fuels enabled them to be used in modern internal combustion engines; this makes them attractive for use as direct replacements or as additives of fossil fuels. Jojoba oil is extracted from Jojoba seeds, and it is an excellent feedstock for biodiesel after the transesterification process. The plant is highly adaptable to harsh weather including salty water, desert, and hot temperatures; thus, it can be grown in Saudi Arabia. This research work comprises a detailed optimization study of biodiesel production from Jojoba oil using mixed‐integer programming. golden section search method was used for the optimization and sensitivity study was conducted for reaction time and temperature. The result shows that 54.1 minutes and 47.5 °C are the optimized reaction time and temperature to produce biodiesel which is considerably low as compared to previous studies.
Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of CO2 and CH4 on activated carbon modified by acetic acid
Authors: Song X. , Wang L. , Gong J. , Zeng Y. , Zhan X. , Ni Z. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn order to improve the properties of activated carbons in the separation of carbon dioxide/methane mixture, organic acid, namely acetic acid, is used to modify the commercial coconut shell activated carbons. The modified sample 15H‐AC shows greater adsorption capacity than the raw material. To further explore the adsorption mechanism of carbon dioxide and methane on 15H‐AC, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics are studied and compared with that on R‐AC. According to the results of adsorption kinetic study, it can be observed that the diffusion of both carbon dioxide and methane on 15H‐AC is faster than that on the raw material. The findings obtained in the adsorption thermodynamics indicate that the interaction of both carbon dioxide and methane with the modified sample is stronger and the spontaneity degree is higher. The physical adsorption of carbon dioxide on 15H‐AC indicates that the regeneration of the adsorbents is easy. The modified activated carbon, which possesses higher adsorption capacity, faster adsorption rate and good reproducing property, is promising in the separation of carbon dioxide / methane gas mixtures industrially.
Mitochondria as a promising target for developing novel agents for treating Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Shevtsova Elena F. , Maltsev Andrey V. , Vinogradova Darya V. , Shevtsov Pavel N. , Bachurin Sergey O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mitochondria‐targeting drugs can be conventionally divided into the following groups: those compensating for the energy deficit involved in neurodegeneration, including stimulants of mitochondrial bioenergetics and activators of mitochondrial biogenesis; and neuroprotectors, that are compounds increasing the resistance of mitochondria to opening of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pores. Although compensating for the energy deficit and inhibition of MPT are obvious targets for drugs used in the very early stages of Alzheimer‐like pathology, but their use as the monotherapy for patients with severe symptoms is unlikely to be sufficiently effective. It would be optimal to combine targets that would provide the cognitive‐stimulating, the neuroprotective effects and the ability to affect specific disease‐forming mechanisms. In the design of such drugs, assessment of their potential mitochondrial‐targeted effects is of particular importance. The possibility of targeted drug design for simultaneous action on mitochondrial and neurotransmitter's receptors targets is, in particularly, based on the known interplay of various cellular pathways and the presence of common structural components. Of particular interest is directed search for multitarget drugs that would act simultaneously on mitochondrial calcium‐dependent functions, the targets (receptors, enzymes, etc.) facilitating neurotransmission, and the molecular targets related to the action of so‐called disease‐modifying factors, in particular, the formation and overcoming of the toxicity of β‐amyloid or hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The examples of such approaches realized on the level of preclinical and clinical trials are presented below.
Artificial neural network for multi‐echo gradient echo–based myelin water fraction estimation
Authors: Jung Soozy , Lee Hongpyo , Ryu Kanghyun , Song Jae Eun , Park Mina , Moon Won‐Jin , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo demonstrate robust myelin water fraction (MWF) mapping using an artificial neural network (ANN) with multi‐echo gradient‐echo (GRE) signal.MethodsMulti‐echo gradient‐echo signals simulated with a three‐pool exponential model were used to generate the training data set for the ANN, which was designed to yield the MWF. We investigated the performance of our proposed ANN for various conditions using both numerical simulations and in vivo data. Simulations were conducted with various SNRs to investigate the performance of the ANN. In vivo data with high spatial resolutions were applied in the analyses, and results were compared with MWFs derived by the nonlinear least‐squares algorithm using a complex three‐pool exponential model.ResultsThe network results for the simulations show high accuracies against noise compared with nonlinear least‐squares MWFs: RMS‐error value of 5.46 for the nonlinear least‐squares MWF and 3.56 for the ANN MWF at an SNR of 150 (relative gain = 34.80%). These effects were also found in the in vivo data, with reduced SDs in the region‐of‐interest analyses. These effects of the ANN demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring high‐resolution myelin water images.ConclusionThe simulation results and in vivo data suggest that the ANN facilitates more robust MWF mapping in multi‐echo gradient‐echo sequences compared with the conventional nonlinear least‐squares method.
IPVF's PV technology vision for 2030
Authors: Oberbeck Lars , Alvino Katherine , Goraya Baljeet , Jubault Marie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrent single‐junction crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells are approaching their power conversion efficiency (PCE) limit. Tandem solar cells are expected to overcome such efficiency limit, with perovskite on c‐Si tandems being a promising candidate for commercialization over the next years. This work aims atdescribing the conditions that tandem cells and modules need to fulfill to successfully enter the market in 2030.We first estimate that industrial c‐Si photovoltaic modules may reach a price level of about 15 c$/W in 2030 at a PCE of 22–24%, with an expected lifetime of 30 years and an annual degradation of 0.5%. For commercial relevance, we anticipate that tandem module efficiencies need to be increased to reach around 30%, while matching lifetime and degradation rate of c‐Si modules. Provided these conditions, we find that these tandem modules could then have a cost bonus of around 5–10 c$/W compared to c‐Si modules for reaching equal levelized cost of energyvalues.