bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D microstructural analysis in the steel industry
Authors: Taniyama Akira 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Since steel products have complex microstructures and chemical composition to achieve high strength and high functionality, it is important to characterize the internal structure with analytic techniques and to be able to predict their properties using simulation techniques. It is now possible to characterize and analyze the structural arrangements in raw steel materials and steel products, including the shapes of defects such as voids and cracks, as well as the crystallographic grain structure, by use of powerful new 3D characterization and analysis techniques, which can provide information on the internal structure on the micron or even submicron scale. It is expected, therefore, that application of new methods and results should lead to improvements in the mechanical properties of steel products. In this article, 3D analysis of the internal structure in a duplex stainless steel, and of strain propagation in pure nickel are presented as examples of the industrial application of 3D microstructural analysis.
Comparing local deformation measurements to predictions from crystal plasticity during reverse loading of an aerospace alloy
Authors: Atkinson M D , Lebensohn R A , da Fonseca J Quinta 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cyclic loading is of great importance in aerospace applications but the origins of the change in flow stress with load path are poorly understood and difficult to predict. Many crystal plasticity models are capable of modelling macroscopic flow behaviour during non-monotonic load paths, such as the Bauschinger effect often seen when reverse loading. Although these models represent the microstructure explicitly, it remains unclear whether they capture reversibility at the local microstructural scale, or simply fit the macroscopic hardening response better by using more fitting parameters. Here we present experimental surface deformation data acquired using high resolution digital image correlation (HR-DIC) during a reverse load cycle. With resolution greater than 200nm, these experiments reveal the discrete nature of deformation in the form of localised crystallographic slip bands. These results are then compared statistically, over many hundreds of grains, to crystal plasticity simulations of reverse loading. Simulation results are taken from both finite element method (CPFEM) and fast Fourier transform (CPFFT) encompassing the two popular numerical techniques for full-field crystal plasticity models.
Recovery kinetics in Al-0.3%Cu after heavy rolling
Authors: Shuai L F , Huang T L , Wu G L , Hansen N , Huang X , Yu T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The recovery kinetics of a nanoscale lamellar structure Al-0.3%Cu alloy, which was produced by 98% cold rolling, during annealing at temperatures from 100 to 200 °C have been analyzed in this study. Microstructural characterization using electron channelling contrast in the scanning electron microscope shows a uniform coarsening of the lamellar structure and gradual precipitation of second phase particles (Al2Cu) during annealing at these temperatures. Fitting of the microhardness values for samples annealed for between 4 and 4096 minutes at different temperatures with a recovery model reveals a change, in the apparent activation energy from 79 kJ/mol at the beginning to 105 kJ/mol at the end of recovery annealing, which leads to a discussion of the recovery mechanisms.
Exploring high strength metallic materials: a lesson from pearlitic steel wire
Authors: Zhang X 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In human history, the development of stronger materials through the ages is reflected with names of eras illustrating our progress. Besides phase transformations, plastic deformation is one of the major methods to produce products with reliable and predictable mechanical properties such as strength. Pearlitic steel wire, the strongest mass-produced steel, shows an excellent combination of formability and strength. The present overview summarizes the investigation of cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires over the last 150 years, covering the pearlite phase transformation, chemical composition design for wires with high strength, microstructure evolution during wire drawing, strengthening mechanisms and structure-strength relationships. By focusing on the structure, challenges and future strategy are outlined to further improve the strength and performance of pearlitic steel wire, where these routes may also applicable to other metals.
Adaptive unknown input observer for nonlinear systems with application to fault diagnosis
Authors: Mondal Sharifuddin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An adaptive unknown input observer for nonlinear systems whose nonlinear functions satisfy Lipschitz condition is presented. The main advantage of the proposed observer is that it is sufficient to satisfy the standard existence conditions of normal unknown input observer design. Another advantage is that it estimates both states and parameters simultaneously. So it can be very much useful for robust control and fault diagnosis. As a possible application, an actuator fault diagnosis scheme is developed for single link robot arm. Finally, numerical simulation is performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed observer in estimating the parameter along with states.
The in-plane dynamic crushing of quadrilateral chiral honeycomb coatings
Authors: Jun-Jie Li , Yue Wu , Shi-Peng Wang , Meng Tao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
For the anti-impact performance of hyperelastic coatings covered on the ship hull, the in-plane dynamic crushing behaviors of quadrilateral chiral honeycomb coatings (including chiral and anti-chiral) were numerically studied by explicit dynamic finite element simulations. The deformation mode, energy absorption and supporting reaction force under different impact speeds have been analyzed. The results show that: (1) If the impact speed is low, the chiral honeycomb coatings display the rotational deformation; (2) With the increase of impact speed, the deformation at the top of coating is remarkable; (3) The response of energy absorption and supporting reaction force corresponds to the macroscopic deformation mode of chiral honeycomb coatings.
Novel test scenarios needed to validate outdoor stability of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Song Wenya , Aernouts Tom 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) will eventually operate outdoors, subjected to diurnal cycles with varying irradiance and cell temperature throughout 24 h periods. Hereby, we show the PSC stability results from laboratory accelerated stress tests can not obviously suggest their stability in outdoor-like situations. Thus, to validate PSC outdoor stability, it is necessary to emulate outdoor conditions, for which we propose possible test scenarios.
Home-Based Contingency Management Delivered by Community Health Workers to Improve Alcohol Abstinence: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Jirapramukpitak Tawanchai , Pattanaseri Keerati , Chua Kia-Chong , Takizawa Patcharapim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate the effectiveness of home-based contingency management (CM) in improving abstinence in an incentive-dependent manner among alcoholic individuals.

Methods
A 12-week, home-visit (HV) only controlled, randomized incentive-ranging trial of 161 adults with current alcohol dependence was recruited using social network theory techniques. Participants randomly received HV, low- (CM-L) or higher-magnitude CM (CM-H). Community health workers made regular home visits, monitored drinking behavior and delivered CM as appropriate. Two follow-up visits at weeks 13 and 16 were conducted to assess whether abstinence would still be maintained after the interventions discontinued. Rates of continuous reported abstinence (primary), numbers of positive breath samples (secondary) over the intervention period and rates of prolonged reported abstinence (secondary) were evaluated.

Results
CM did not significantly improve the rates of continuous reported abstinence across the 12-week intervention period (odds ratio (OR) for trend 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7–2.1, P = 0.601). There was a significant reduction, however, in the average number of positive breath samples submitted by the CM-H group (generalized linear model, β −0.5, 95% CI −0.9 to −0.2, P = 0.005). The CM-H arm also had a significantly higher abstinence rate during the follow-up period (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.3–8.8, P = 0.013). Event history model suggested that the CM-H condition had significantly higher chances of achieving renewed abstinence across the study period (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3–3.2, P = 0.003).

Conclusions
Home-based CM with sufficient incentive is promising in reducing alcohol use and in improving rates of abstinence over time. Allowing for a certain grace period may better capture the delayed treatment effect of home-based CM.
Environmental determinants of total evaporative water loss in birds at multiple temperatures
Authors: Song Soorim , Beissinger Steven R 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEndotherms dissipate heat to the environment to maintain a stable body temperature at high ambient temperatures, which requires them to maintain a balance between heat dissipation and water conservation. Birds are relatively small, contain a large amount of metabolically expensive tissue, and are mostly diurnal, making them susceptible to physiological challenges related to water balance and heat dissipation. We compiled total evaporative water loss (TEWL) measurements for 174 species of birds exposed to different temperatures and used comparative methods to examine their relationships with body size, ambient temperature, precipitation, diet, and diel activity cycle. TEWL in the thermoneutral zone (TNZ) was associated primarily with body mass and activity phase. Larger and more active-phase birds, with their higher metabolic rates, lost more water through evaporation than smaller, resting-phase birds, particularly at higher thermal exposures. However, maximum temperature of the natural habitat became an important determinant of TEWL when birds were exposed to temperatures exceeding the TNZ. Species from hotter climates exhibited higher TEWL. Adaptation to arid climates did not restrict evaporative water loss at thermal conditions within the TNZ, but promoted evaporative water loss at exposures above the TNZ. The TEWL of granivores, which ingest food with low water content, differed little from species with other food habitats under all thermal conditions. The effects of environmental covariates of TEWL were dissimilar across thermal exposures, suggesting no evidence for a tradeoff between water conservation in the TNZ and heat dissipation at exposure to higher temperatures. Thus, birds may be able to acclimate when climate change results in the need to increase heat dissipation due to warming, except perhaps in hot, arid environments where species will need to depend heavily upon evaporative cooling to maintain homeothermy.
Sociality and tattoo skin disease among bottlenose dolphins in Shark Bay, Australia
Authors: Powell Sarah N , Wallen Megan M , Miketa Madison L , Krzyszczyk Ewa , Foroughirad Vivienne , Bansal Shweta , Mann Janet 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSocial behavior is an important driver of infection dynamics, though identifying the social interactions that foster infectious disease transmission is challenging. Here we examine how social behavior impacts disease transmission in Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) using an easily identifiable skin disease and social network data. We analyzed tattoo skin disease (TSD) lesions based on photographs collected as part of a 34-year longitudinal study in relation to the sociality of T. aduncus using three metrics (degree, time spent socializing, and time in groups) and network structure, using the k-test. We show that calves with TSD in the second year of life associated more with TSD-positive individuals in the first year of life compared with calves that did not have TSD. Additionally, the network k-test showed that the social network links are epidemiologically relevant for transmission. However, degree, time spent in groups, and time spent socializing were not significantly different between infected and uninfected groups. Our findings indicate that association with infected individuals is predictive of an individual’s risk for TSD and that the social association network can serve as a proxy for studying the epidemiology of skin diseases in bottlenose dolphins.
Impact of vitamin D on cardiac structure and function in chronic kidney disease patients with hypovitaminosis D: a randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis
Authors: Banerjee Debasish , Chitalia Nihil , Ster Irina Chis , Appelbaum Evan , Thadhani Ravi , Kaski Juan Carlos , Goldsmith David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease (CKD) yet the impact of supplementation is controversial. Previous active vitamin D supplementation studies did not show improvement in cardiac structure or function but the effect of native vitamin D supplementation in CKD patients with low vitamin D levels is unknown. We have addressed this question via both a randomized double-blind prospective study and a meta-analysis of three randomized placebo-controlled studies.

Methods and results
We conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation in stable, non-diabetic, CKD three to four patients with circulating vitamin D &lt;75nmol/L, who were receiving treatment with ACEi or ARB and had high-normal left ventricular (LV) mass. Patients were randomized to receive six directly observed doses of 100 000 IU cholecalciferol (n = 25) or matched placebo (n = 23). The primary endpoint was changed in LV mass index (LVMI) over 52 weeks, as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary endpoints included changes in LV ejection fraction (LVEF); LV and right ventricular volumes and left and right atrial area. Vitamin D concentration increased with the administration of cholecalciferol. The change in LVMI with cholecalciferol [median (inter-quartile range), −0.25 g (−7.20 to 5.30)] was no different from placebo [−4.30 g (9.70 to 2.60)]. There was no difference in changes of LVEF; LV and right ventricular volumes and left and right atrial area. The meta-analysis of three 52-week, randomized placebo-controlled studies using active/native vitamin D supplementation showed no differences in LVMI measurements.

Conclusion
Vitamin D supplementation does not have beneficial effects on LV mass in CKD patients.
No increased extracellular volume fraction or conduction time after childhood septal myectomy
Authors: Schleihauf Julia , Cleuziou Julie , Meierhofer Christian , Klingel Karin , Jesinghaus Moritz , Kaltenecker Emanuel , Ewert Peter , Wolf Cordula M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of surgical septal myectomy performed during early childhood for severe, drug-refractory hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction on the extent of septal myocardial extracellular volume fraction and the potential risk of developing atrioventricular cardiac conduction system disease.

METHODS
In this retrospective study, data from 30 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of childhood-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were reviewed including cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with myocardial T1 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement, histopathology of myocardial specimens, transthoracic echocardiography, electrocardiography, 24-h Holter and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Eighteen patients without were compared to 12 patients with prior septal myectomy performed during childhood (non-operated versus myectomy patients).

RESULTS
Late gadolinium enhancement on CMR as a correlate for focal myocardial fibrosis was found in 53% of patients, predominantly located in the septal region, with no difference between groups. As compared to non-operated patients, those after myectomy showed a similar amount of total and septal extracellular volume fraction, as calculated from pre- and post-contrast CMR T1 mapping, which is a correlate for diffuse interstitial myocardial fibrosis. PQ-intervals or the occurrence of higher degree conduction system disease were equal between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Data from CMR and electrocardiography suggest that surgical septal myectomy performed during early childhood for severe obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy does not cause an increased septal extracellular volume fraction or delayed atrioventricular conduction time on long-term follow-up.
ENGAGING RURAL VETERANS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SURVIVORSHIP CARE FOR HEAD AND NECK CANCER
Authors: Seaman Aaron T , Friberg Julia , Adamowicz Jenna L , Kendell Nicholas , Pagedar Nitin A , Howren M Bryant , Christensen Alan J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) rural patients’ perceptions of their own rurality and its effects on experience of head and neck cancer survivorship, and 2) potential barriers and facilitators to survivorship care within an integrated health care delivery system of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Data from qualitative interviews with Veterans who have a history of head and neck cancer are presented to understand the complex ways that rurality impacts cancer survivorship. Head and neck cancer survivors must contend with specific challenges resulting from their risk factors and treatment, including access to complex medical follow up, long-term physical and psychological effects of treatment, and tobacco- and alcohol-related comorbidities. While integration within the VHA facilitates coordination of specialty and primary care and the transfer of medical information, the use of community care in rural areas presents coordination challenges, especially for survivors with comorbidities.
Kuwabara-Kono numerical dissipation: a new method to simulate granular matter
Authors: James Guillaume , Vorotnikov Kirill , Brogliato Bernard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA new method is introduced for the simulation of multiple impacts in granular media using the Kuwabara-Kono (KK) contact model, a nonsmooth (not Lipschitz continuous) extension of Hertz contact that accounts for viscoelastic damping. We use the technique of modified equations to construct time-discretizations of the nondissipative Hertz law matching numerical dissipation with KK dissipation at different consistency orders. This allows us to simulate dissipative impacts with good accuracy without including the nonsmooth KK viscoelastic component in the contact force. This tailored numerical dissipation is developed in a general framework, for Newtonian dynamical systems subject to dissipative forces proportional to the time-derivative of conservative forces. Numerical tests are performed for the simulation of impacts in Newton’s cradle and on alignments of alternating large and small balls. Resulting wave phenomena (oscillator synchronization, propagation of dissipative solitary waves, oscillatory tails) are accurately captured by implicit schemes with tailored numerical dissipation, even for relatively large time steps.
On an Example of Quiver Donaldson–Thomas/Relative Gromov–Witten Correspondence
Authors: Bousseau Pierrick 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We explain and generalize a recent example of quiver Donaldson–Thomas/relative Gromov–Witten correspondence due to Reineke–Weist by showing how to reduce it to the Gromov–Witten/Kronecker correspondence by a degeneration and blow-up. We also refine the result by working with all genera on the Gromov–Witten side and with refined Donaldson–Thomas invariants on the quiver side.
Constitutive expression of the cryptic vanGCd operon promotes vancomycin resistance in Clostridioides difficile clinical isolates
Authors: Shen Wan-Jou , Deshpande Aditi , Hevener Kirk E , Endres Bradley T , Garey Kevin W , Palmer Kelli L , Hurdle Julian G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To describe, for the first time (to the best of our knowledge), the genetic mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in clinical isolates of Clostridioides difficile ribotype 027.

Methods
Clinical isolates and laboratory mutants were analysed: genomically to identify resistance mutations; by transcriptional analysis of vanGCd, the vancomycin resistance operon encoding lipid II d-alanine-d-serine that is less bound by vancomycin than native lipid II d-alanine-d-alanine; by imaging of vancomycin binding to cell walls; and for changes in vancomycin bactericidal activity and autolysis.

Results
Vancomycin-resistant laboratory mutants and clinical isolates acquired mutations to the vanSR two-component system that regulates vanGCd. The substitutions impaired VanSR’s function, resulting in constitutive transcription of vanGCd. Resistance was reversed by silencing vanG, encoding d-alanine-d-serine ligase in the vanGCd operon. In resistant cells, vancomycin was less bound to the cell wall septum, the site where vancomycin interacts with lipid II. Vancomycin’s bactericidal activity was reduced against clinical isolates and laboratory mutants (64 and ≥1024 mg/L, respectively) compared with WT strains (4 mg/L). Truncation of the potassium transporter TrkA occurred in laboratory mutants, which were refractory to autolysis, accounting for their survival in high drug concentrations.

Conclusions
Ribotype 027 evolved first-step resistance to vancomycin by constitutively expressing vanGCd, which is otherwise silent. Experimental evolutions and bactericidal assays show that ribotype 027 can acquire mutations to drastically enhance its tolerance to vancomycin. Thus, further epidemiological studies are warranted to examine the extent to which vancomycin resistance impacts clinical outcomes and the potential for these strains to evolve higher-level resistance, which would be devastating.
Absence of the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system in Klebsiella pneumoniae clonal complex 258 is associated with dissemination of IncF epidemic resistance plasmids in this clonal complex
Authors: Tang Yu , Fu Pan , Zhou Ying , Xie Yingzhou , Jin Jialin , Wang Bei , Yu Lianhua , Huang Yunkun , Li Gang , Li Meng , Liang Wei , Ou Hong-Yu , Jiang Xiaofei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
The pandemics caused by MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae are mostly due to the global dissemination of high-risk clonal complex 258 (CC258) and related IncF epidemic plasmids. However, the factors leading to the epidemiological advantages of CC258–IncF linkage remain obscure. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) systems, providing adaptive immunity against invading DNA, play an important role in the interactions between plasmids and hosts.

Objectives
To investigate the relationship between CRISPR-Cas systems and the high-risk linkage CC258–IncF.

Methods
CRISPR-Cas loci were detected among 381 collected K. pneumoniae clinical isolates and 207 K. pneumoniae complete genomes available in GenBank. MLST was used to determine the genetic relatedness of these isolates. Nucleotide BLAST was used to search for protospacers on K. pneumoniae plasmids.

Results
We observed an epidemic correlation between CRISPR-Cas loci, CC258 and IncF plasmids. Interestingly, most type I-E CRISPR-Cas systems identified carried spacers matching the backbone regions of IncF plasmids.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the absence of type I-E CRISPR-Cas systems in K. pneumoniae CC258 is strongly associated with the dissemination of IncF epidemic plasmids, contributing to the global success of the international high-risk linkage CC258–IncF. Our findings provide new information regarding the dissemination and evolution of the high-risk linkage of K. pneumoniae CC258–IncF and pave the way for new strategies to address the problem of antibiotic resistance.