bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the dynamical behavior of the passenger-taxi queue matching problem at traffic hubs
Authors: Yang Qiaoli , Li Jingjing , Wang Wenjun , Xu Meng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Taxis are one of the most important modes of transport in major passenger traffic hubs. Due to the inherent unpredictability of passenger arrivals and their strong correlation with passenger arrival times, it often results in excessively long passenger queues if a large number of passengers arrive suddenly, or excessively long taxi queues at the other end if a few passengers arrive during the non-burst period at the taxi stand in the traffic hubs. In particular, when a sudden arrival of a large number of passengers fails to evacuate in a short period of time, followed by another burst in passenger arrivals, the service performance of the system deteriorates dramatically. In order to quantitatively analyze the dynamical queueing behavior of the passenger-taxi matching problem at transport hubs against the background of many uncertain factors, we propose a double-input matching model based on queueing theory, which covers basic practical elements, including time-varying arrivals of passengers and taxis, a randomly matched number of passengers, a random matching time, and multiple waiting queues. We determine the steady-state condition of the system, derive the steady-state queue length probability distributions of passengers and taxis, and further obtain the overall average queueing performance metrics of passengers and taxis and the dynamic queueing metrics over time. Numerical simulations examine the impact of the stochastic arrival process of passengers over a long period of time on the dynamical performance metrics of the system. In particular, for continuous and discontinuous bursty arrivals of passengers over a period of time, we clarify how the long queues caused by bursty arrivals of passengers dissipate at subsequent times and also examine the impact of variations in passenger arrival rates during a specific time period on queueing performance throughout the system.
Cellular automata model for period-n synchronization: a new universality class
Authors: Joshi Divya D , Gade Prashant M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There are few known universality classes of absorbing phase transitions in one dimension and most models fall in the well-known directed percolation (DP) class. Synchronization is a transition to an absorbing state and this transition is often DP class. With local coupling, the transition is often to a fixed point state. Transitions to a periodic synchronized state are possible. We model those using a cellular automata model with states 1 to n. The rules are a) each site in state i changes to state i + 1 for i < n and 1 if i = n. b) After this update, it takes the value of either neighbour unless it is in state 1. With these rules, we observe a transition to synchronization with critical exponents different from those of DP for n > 2. For n = 2, a different exponent is observed.
A universal feature for the Higgs phenomenon in Anti de Sitter space
Authors: Porrati Massimo , Zaffaroni Alberto 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In Anti de Sitter space both massive and massless high-spin particles can have consistent local interactions. Both can couple to conserved currents. In this paper we show that when the particles have spin one or greater, there exists a universal feature associated to the particle becoming massive: the currents possess a non-vanishing boundary flux.
Jointly correcting lens distortion of structured light systems
Authors: Liu Shu , Zhang Geyou , Lau Daniel L , Zhang Bo , Xu Bin , Liu Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In structured light illumination, lens distortions in both the camera and the projector compromise the accuracy of 3D reconstruction. Typically, existing methods separately compensate for camera and projector lens distortion. In this paper, we report a novel joint distortion model that analytically relates distorted 3D coordinate to its undistorted counterpart, thereby directly recovering distortion-free 3D coordinate from distorted one. First, we conduct a typical 3D scanning to have the distorted 3D coordinate. Second, we derive a set of linear equations of undistorted coordinate, whose coefficient matrix is represented by the distorted 3D coordinate and calibration parameters. Finally, we straightforwardly compute the corrected 3D coordinate using the least square method. Extensive experiments show that, compared with the distorted point cloud, our method effectively reduces the lens distortion of the system by a factor of 5  in root mean squared error, outperforming the existing methods in terms of accuracy.
Dynamic tunable multi-channel ultra-narrowband absorber based on hollowed-out trapezoidal Si–graphene–Au metasurface
Authors: Liu Jukun , Lu Zongnian , Dai Hongxiang , Ju Jiaqi , Zhao Hongwei , Cao Kaiqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dynamic tunable metasurfaces are of great interest for their optical modulation properties. This study proposes a metasurface with a rectangular hole etched from a silicon square. By converting this rectangular hole into a trapezoid, we disrupt the symmetry, transforming the symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs) into a quasi-BIC state, achieving triple Fano resonances with a maximum Q factor of 1074. The results of the multipole analysis suggest resonance modes are toroidal dipole, electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole, respectively. A typical dielectric/dielectric/metal structure is then formed by adding an Au layer below the original structure. The polarized-light absorption of the metasurface is found to be unaffected by the angle of incident light. An analysis of the thickness of the Si is studied on the effect of absorption. Eventually, a single layer of graphene is incorporated at the bottom of the Si. The dynamic modulation of the three absorption peaks of the composite metasurface is achieved by controlling the bias voltage to alter the Fermi level E
f of graphene. The Si–graphene–Au structure has a sensitivity of 252.5 nm RIU−1 and the maximum performance value of 126.25 RIU−1 at E
f
= 1 eV. These results indicate that this composite metasurface has potential applications in the research of sensor direction.
Carrier-envelope phase-stable few-cycle pulses from two stage hybrid compression of a Yb:KGW amplifier
Authors: Khatri Dipendra , Truong Tran-Chau , Kincaid Chelsea , Lantigua Christopher , Chini Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Next-generation attosecond spectroscopies require high-repetition-rate driving lasers with few-cycle pulse duration, stable carrier-envelope phase (CEP), and ease of operation. Industrial-grade Yb-doped solid-state regenerative amplifiers perform very well at high repetition rates, but their relatively long pulse durations necessitate post-compression techniques with large compression factor to reach the few-cycle limit. Here, we demonstrate the two-stage hybrid nonlinear compression of 280 fs pulses from a Yb:KGW regenerative amplifier to 5.6 fs, 142 μJ, with an overall transmission efficiency of >70%. In the first stage, a gas filled multi-pass cell is used to compress the pulses down to 38 fs, while a second stage gas filled hollow-core fiber further compresses the pulses to below two optical cycles. We also demonstrate the stabilization of the CEP in the compressed pulse, with a measured root-mean-squared error of 423 mrad on a shot-to-shot basis.
Preparation of carbon quantum dots/fly ash/steel slag particle electrodes and their performance in rhodamine B removal
Authors: Chang Na , Li Yongsheng , He Jianxiang , Jiao Pengfei , Chen Yanxin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fly ash and steel slag are industrial wastes, and their resourceful treatment has been challenging. This study generated fly ash/steel slag particle electrodes (FA/SS PEs) using fly ash and steel slag as raw materials. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) fabricated from semi-coke were then loaded onto their surface to produce CQDs/FA/SS PEs. The samples were characterized by SEM, nitrogen adsorption, XRD, and electrochemical measurements. The results show that FA/SS PEs present a favorable electrocatalytic performance for rhodamine B (RhB) in the three-dimensional reaction system owing to their rich pore structures and an active component (Fe2O3), the other metal oxides in FA and SS become the backbone of FA/SS PEs during the preparation process. CQDs could promote the electrocatalytic performance of the FA/SS PEs due to their defect-rich surface and high specific surface area. The RhB degradation rate over CQDs/FA/SS PEs increased by approximately 10% compared to that over FA/SS PEs at a reaction time of 60 min, and it could reach 100% at pH 2 and a reaction time of 45 min over CQDs/FA/SS PEs. The RhB degradation process mainly involves a three-dimensional electrochemical-Fenton process over CQDs/FA/SS PEs, and CQDs/FA/SS PEs act as both the particle electrode of the three-dimensional reaction system and the catalyst for Fenton oxidation.
Strategy and experimental progress of the EXL-50U spherical torus in support of the EHL-2 project
Authors: SHI 石 Yuejiang 跃江 , SONG 宋 Xianming 显明 , GUO 郭 Dong 栋 , JIANG 姜 Xinchen 欣辰 , GU 顾 Xiang 翔 , DONG 董 Lili 力立 , WANG 王 Xueyun 雪韵 , SUN 孙 Tiantian 恬恬 , TAN 谭 Muzhi 沐芝 , CHEN 陈 Zhengyuan 正元 , YANG 杨 Guang 光 , YANG 杨 Danke 丹可 , XIE 谢 Huasheng 华生 , ZHAO 赵 Hanyue 寒月 , LIU 刘 Yong 勇 , TAO 陶 Renyi 仁义 , LI 李 Jia 佳 , LI 李 Songjian 松建 , GAO 高 Fan 凡 , ZHAO 赵 Yihang 毅航 , ZHANG 张 Yupeng 宇鹏 , ZHANG 张 Cong 聪 , HE 何 Hongda 宏达 , YANG 杨 Enwu 恩武 , YANG 杨 Yuanming 圆明 , WANG 王 Yu 宇 , SONG 宋 Shaodong 绍栋 , HAN 韩 Lei 磊 , XING 邢 Bo 博 , LI 李 Pengmin 鹏敏 , WANG 王 Zhenxing 振兴 , ZHOU 周 Peihai 培海 , LUO 罗 Wenwu 文武 , WANG 王 Yumin 嵎民 , LIU 刘 Bing 兵 , WU 吴 Chao 超 , ZHAO 赵 Xin 鑫 , LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , DONG 董 Jiaqi 家齐 , YUAN 袁 Baoshan 保山 , PENG 彭 Y-K Martin 元凯 , LIU 刘 Minsheng 敏胜 , Team the EXL-50U 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The EXL-50U is China’s first large spherical torus device with a toroidal field reaching 1 T. The major radius of the EXL-50U ranges from 0.6 m to 0.8 m, with an aspect ratio of 1.4−1.8. The goal of plasma current in the first experimental phase is 500 kA, and in the future second phase, the goal of plasma current is 1 MA. On the EXL-50U project, the ENN fusion team expeditiously accomplished a series of comprehensive tasks including physical and engineering design, main component construction installation, and system commissioning, all within a mere eighteen-month timeframe. In the experiments of 2024, the EXL-50U achieved a 500 kA limiter configuration discharge using ECRH (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating) for non-inductive current start-up and a current ramp-up with the synergetic effect of ECRH and central solenoid (CS). Preliminary divertor configuration plasmas were also obtained under 200 kA plasma current. The core ion temperature of 1 keV was achieved with low-power NBI heating, and the energy confinement time of 30 ms was reached with Ohmic heating in the flat-top phase. The current and future experiments of EXL-50U will strongly support the physical design and operational scenarios of EHL-2 in the areas of current drive, high ion temperature exploration, energy transport and confinement, and hydrogen-boron physical characteristics. At the same time, the experience in the design, construction, and commissioning of the engineering, heating, and diagnostics systems on EXL-50U is also very beneficial for enhancing the feasibility of the engineering design for EHL-2.
Magnetohydrodynamic simulation study of impurity radiation-excited and driven tearing mode
Authors: Zu Yiming , Ma Zhiwei , Xu Yuchen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tearing modes may play an important role in the density limit disruption. The Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code CLT with impurity modules is used to study the tearing mode excited and driven by impurity radiation. The impurity radiation can lead to plasma contraction and local enhancement of the current density. When the locally enhanced region of the current density approaches to the resonance surface, the tearing mode can be excited, even if the tearing mode is stable in the initial equilibrium. Through a scan of the initial atomic number (Z) and impurity concentrations, it is found that impurities with different Z values exhibit similar behaviors in the radiation-driven tearing mode. The impurity radiation can drive tearing mode growth through temperature cooling near the resonance surface, and there exists a linear relationship between the temperature perturbation caused by impurity radiation and the linear growth rate of the tearing mode. Additionally, the impurity can promote the growth of magnetic islands through the radiation cooling inside the magnetic island, and there exists a correlation between the initial parameters of impurity and the width of the saturated magnetic island.
The role of natural resource rent, economic sustainability, and renewable energy consumption on greenhouse gas emissions: an asymmetric analysis
Authors: Shang Fei , Akhtar Rulia , Masud Muhammad Mehedi , Salahuddin Sarah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the last twenty years, the extraction and utilisation of resources have markedly increased, resulting in environmental problems such as resource depletion, smog, and climate change. As industrialization continues to grow, research increasingly focuses on the relationship between natural resource depletion and CO2 emissions. So, this study aims to find out how natural resource rent (NRT), economic sustainability (ES), and renewable energy consumption (REC) affect Malaysia’s total greenhouse gas emissions (TGS) from 1990 to 2022. The nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) method was employed. We collected a total of 32 years of data from the World Bank based on availability. Based on the results, TGS will eventually benefit significantly from the increase in oil and mineral rent. But in the short run, a negative change in oil rent has significant positive effects, and a positive change in mineral rent has significant negative effects on total greenhouse gas emissions. There is also a positive change in natural gas, and coral rent has significant negative effects on TGS emissions in the long run. However, a negative change in oil rent has a significant negative impact on TGS emissions. It also found that consumption of renewable energy has a negative correlation with TGS emissions and economic sustainability has a positive relationship with TGS emissions. Malaysia should transition to renewable energy to mitigate GHG emissions by incentivising investments, diminishing fossil fuel subsidies, and implementing more stringent natural resource restrictions. Strengthened enforcement of environmental regulations, investment in cleaner technologies, and public knowledge of sustainability are essential.
Unlocking the potential of digital finance: a perspective based on the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure
Authors: Yu Xinxin , Yu Caihong , Zhao Yanjie , Peng Haosen , Yuan Renmiao , Feng Shuran 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A pressing issue for both academia and industry is determining how to improve the quality of corporate environmental information disclosure. This study investigates the impact of digital finance on the quality of such disclosure, focusing on non-financial listed companies in China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets from 2011 to 2022. The findings are as follows: First, digital finance and its sub-dimensions exert a significant positive influence on disclosure quality, a conclusion validated through a series of robustness checks. Second, a channel mechanism analysis reveals that digital finance enhances disclosure quality primarily by alleviating financing constraints and reducing agency costs, reflecting its effects on resource acquisition and corporate governance. Third, the positive influence of digital finance is more pronounced under weaker environmental regulation and lower public pressure for environmental accountability, suggesting that digital finance functions as an effective complement to existing environmental information supervision. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating the consequences of digital finance for corporate environmental information disclosure and extending the theoretical framework of digital finance in the context of green development.
Traffic stream characteristics at mid-block locations with un-controlled pedestrian crossings: a case study of Bengaluru city
Authors: Kannur Bhupati , Chore H S , Mathad Vinaykumar S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
At un-signalized midblock locations, the haphazard and uncontrolled crossing of pedestrians affects the vehicular traffic on the road, its speed, flow and density. This also affects the level of service on the road. This article presents a case study to analyze the same. As a process of transportation system planning to identify the cause and to give short-term and long-term remedies for the safe movement of pedestrians without causing hindrance to the traffic stream a case study was carried out in a metropolitan city of Bengaluru (Karnataka). Six un-signalized midblock locations with different roadway conditions in the city were studied. Analysis through the ANOVA test shows that pedestrian crossing at such locations significantly affects the flow characteristics. The speeds of vehicles as well as traffic flow rate are found to reduce while vehicular density is found to increase. The effect on heavy vehicles (trucks, buses) is found to be insignificant. The stream speed reduction in the range of 7% to 44% is observed at the pedestrian crossing sections compared to the stream speeds at sections without pedestrian crossings of the same study locations. The capacity of the roadway under consideration decreases only if pedestrian crossings are significant (more than 7% of total traffic). The effect is, further, pronounced with an increase in the number of pedestrians crossing per unit time. Pedestrians crossing with baggage are found to have more effect as compared to those crossing the road stretches without baggage. The study highlights the importance of proper planning, design, construction and maintenance of pedestrian crossing facilities and barriers in the metropolitan city. A multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM) called Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) was adopted to prioritise the planning and improvement of the study locations based on different criteria to minimize the effect of such pedestrian crossings.
Numerical simulation of bidirectional fluid-solid coupling in friction stir welding of aluminium and magnesium dissimilar alloys
Authors: Ling Yanyang , Song Bo , Zhu Zongxiao , Ma Shuo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
During friction stir welding, the flow degree of metal materials and the welding temperature determine the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint. This paper establishes a bidirectional fluid-solid coupling model for dissimilar friction stir welding of aluminum and magnesium alloys. Combining simulation results and experimental research, it quantitatively analyzes the distribution laws of the flow field, temperature field, and stress field during the welding process. The results show that in terms of temperature field distribution, the simulated temperature matches the thermal cycle curve of the measured temperature, with the welding temperature peak located in the rear area of the shoulder’s bottom. In addition, the temperature field on both sides of the weld is asymmetrically distributed, with the temperature on the aluminum side being higher than that on the magnesium side. In terms of flow field distribution, the material flowability decreases as the distance from the stirring head increases. Therefore, the material flow patterns around the stirring head and in areas farther from the stirring head are different. It was also found that the best material flow was at the bottom of the shoulder and the material flow rate was higher on the magnesium side than on the aluminium side. It is noteworthy that under the combined action of the stirring pin and the shoulder, the material mixing zone and the magnesium alloy shift towards the aluminum side. In terms of stress field distribution, the equivalent stress of the stirring head is distributed differently on the aluminum side and the magnesium side.
Model-based GNSS spoofing detection using a hybrid convolutional autoencoder method
Authors: Wang Si-Qi , Liu Jiang , Cai Bai-Gen , Wang Jian , Lu De-Biao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The spoofing attack brings more serious threats and challenges to the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver. The rapid and accurate spoofing detection mechanism is of great significance to the credibility and security of GNSS-enabled transport applications. In this paper, an unsupervised classification solution is proposed to detect GNSS spoofing by analyzing the features of Coarse Acquisition (C/A) code Autocorrelation Function (ACF) using a Hybrid Convolutional Autoencoder (HCAE) method integrated with an attention-driven memory network. A dynamic threshold-based protection mechanism is introduced to reduce the system’s sensitivity to unexpected anomalies, thereby enhancing detection accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is verified by comparison with referencing detection methods using the Texas Spoofing Test Battery (TEXBAT) and spoofing injection test datasets. Specifically, the performance indices of the proposed method are improved over the involved referencing methods, which demonstrate that this solution can realize accurate and efficient detection of GNSS spoofing under the data-driven scheme.
Effects of slot-pole combinations on vibration and performance in fractional slot permanent magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Kurtoğlu Aykut , Bakbak Ali , Nil Mustafa , Ayaz Murat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Unbalanced Magnetic Force (UMF) is a critical factor that significantly impacts vibration and overall performance in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs). This study investigates the influence of different fractional slot combinations on UMF behavior in PMSMs using finite element analysis (FEA). The focus is on the canceling and additive effects of UMFs generated by radial and circumferential stresses. Two PMSM configurations with slot and pole numbers differing by one—26 poles/27 slots and 28 poles/27 slots—are analyzed to evaluate the effect of varying pole configurations while keeping the slot count constant. The analysis employed the Maxwell stress tensor method to quantify the UMFs in these designs. The results underscore the critical role of the magnet configuration in determining UMF characteristics, providing essential insights for optimizing machine design to minimize vibration and enhance performance. These findings serve as a valuable reference for designing and operating high-performance fractional slot PMSMs, particularly for industrial and automotive applications.