bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the effects of contact structures and information sharing on the FMD transmission among beef cattle farms
Authors: Yi Chunlin , Yang Qihui , Scoglio Caterina M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMoving infected animals and sharing contaminated vehicles are considered as the most potent ways for between-farm disease transmission. The objective of this study is to develop a network-based simulation model to investigate the effects of direct contact, indirect contact, and their combination on a hypothetical foot-and-mouth disease spreading between beef-cattle farms in southwest Kansas, US, and explore the effect of different types of information-sharing networks on preventing the disease spreading. Based on synthetic cattle and truck movement data in southwest Kansas, we build a farm-level contact network with three layers, a cattle movement layer (direct contact), a truck movement layer (indirect contact), and an information-sharing layer. Through scenario analyses, we compare the disease transmission dynamics, the distribution of outbreak epidemic size, and the disease breakout percentage of different contact structures – only direct contact, only indirect contact, and their combination. In addition, we evaluate different types of information sharing methods by comparing the epidemic size and the estimated economic loss. Simulation results show that neither direct contact nor indirect contact individually can result in a massive outbreak of the disease, but their combination plays a significant role. Additionally, we detect different probabilities of disease outbreaks by starting the simulations at different farms; starting at some farms with high capacity increases the probability of disease outbreaks. Three different information sharing-networks are developed and found effective in preventing the disease from spreading and reducing the economic loss. The information-sharing layer based on trading records has the best performance when compared with a random network and a geographic network.
Forest canopy cover composition and landscape influence over bryophytes communities inNothofagusforests of southern Patagonia
Authors: Toro Manríquez Mónica DR. , Ardiles Víctor , Promis Álvaro , Herrera Alejandro Huertas , Soler Rosina , Lencinas María V. , Martínez Pastur Guillermo J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the influence environmental drivers on understory vegetation is important for conservation efforts under climate change. Bryophytes are one of the most diverse groups in temperate forests but also the least known. In addition, the environmental drivers (e.g., forest structure, microclimate, soil conditions or substrate) influencing over bryophyte community amongNothofagusforest types are poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of forest canopy-layer composition on the structure (cover) and the composition (richness and diversity) of bryophyte communities (mosses and liverworts) in two contrast landscape types (coast and mountain) in southern Patagonia. Three naturalNothofagusforest types (pure deciduous, pure evergreen, and mixed deciduous-evergreen) in two landscapes (coast < 100 m.a.s.l.; mountain > 400 m.a.s.l.) were selected (N = 60 plots). In each forest plot, we established one linear transect (10 m length) to measure bryophyte cover (point-intercept method). The data were evaluated using ANOVAs, Chi-square test and multivariate analyses. The mosses were mostly austral-antarctic origin, and the liverworts were all endemics. The principal substrates for the bryophytes development in the forest floor were litter and decaying woods. Moreover, many bryophytes species act as a substrate for natural tree regeneration. The forest structure was the main driver of bryophytes community in the coast landscape, while the slope was the principal driver of bryophytes in the mountain landscape. These differences were mainly explained for the microclimate into the forests (e.g., soil moisture and air temperature), and for the regional climate in the landscapes (e.g., air temperature and soil conditions). Notably, the mixed forest, mainly in the coast, presented exclusive species that were not present in the deciduous and evergreen pure forests. The conservation efforts should include management considerations both the stand and landscape levels based on the potential climate-change impact over bryophyte communities.
Diversity of dominant soil bacteria increases with warming velocity at the global scale
Authors: Kanzaki Yoshiaki , Takemoto Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding global soil bacterial diversity is important because of the key roles soil bacteria play in the global ecosystem. Given the effects of environmental changes (e.g., climate change and human effect) on the diversity of animals and plants, effects on soil bacterial diversity are expected; however, they have been poorly evaluated to date. Thus, in this study, we focused on the soil dominant bacteria because of their global importance and investigated the effects of warming velocity and human activities on their diversity. Using a global dataset of bacteria, we performed spatial analysis to evaluate the effects, while statistically controlling for the potential confounding effects of current climate and geographic parameters with global climate and geographic data. It was demonstrated that the diversity of the dominant soil bacteria was influenced globally by warming velocity (showing significant increases) in addition to aridity index (dryness) and pH. The effects of warming velocity were particularly significant in forests and grasslands. An effect from human activity was also observed, but it was secondary to warming velocity. These findings provide robust evidence, and advance our understanding of the effects of environmental changes (particularly global warming) on soil bacterial diversity at the global scale.
METTL5, an 18S rRNA-specific m6A methyltransferase, modulates expression of stress response genes
Authors: Chen Hao , Liu Qi , Yu Dan , Natchiar Kundhavai , Zhou Chen , Hsu Chih-hung , Hsu Pang-Hung , Zhang Xing , Klaholz Bruno , Gregory Richard I. , Cheng Xiaodong , Shi Yang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is present in different RNA molecules, including protein-coding mRNAs and non-coding RNAs such as ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). Previous studies identified m6A in both the 18S and 28S rRNAs, but the roles of these methylation events are poorly understood due to the lack of knowledge of the responsible methyltransferases. Here, we report that mammalian METTL5, a member of a highly conserved methyltransferase family, specifically methylates adenosine 1832 (A1832) in the 18S rRNAin vivoandin vitro. We identify TRMT112 as a near stoichiometric partner of METTL5 important for the enzymatic activity of METTL5. By mapping the positions of translating ribosomes (Ribo-seq), we found translation of multiple stress response-related mRNAs, including Atf4 mRNA, is selectively reduced in the Mettl5 knockout (KO) mouse B16 melanoma cells. Atf4 is a key transcription factor that mediates the Integrated Stress Response (ISR), as exemplified by the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress. Consistently, transcription of ISR effector genes is reduced in Mettl5 KO cells during ER stress, suggesting a compromised ISR. Our findings reveal a new mechanism that regulates expression of stress response genes and suggest that chemical modifications of ribosomal RNAs may play a key role in selectively impacting translation and possibly ISR.
Biochemical Basis for the Regulation of Biosynthesis of Antiparasitics by Bacterial Hormones
Authors: Kapoor Iti , Olivares Philip , Nair Satish K. 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYDiffusible small molecule microbial hormones drastically alter the expression profiles of antibiotics and other drugs in actinobacteria. For example, avenolide (a butenolide) regulates production of avermectin, derivatives of which are used in the treatment of river blindness and other parasitic diseases. Butenolides and γ-butyrolactones control production of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites by binding to TetR family transcriptional repressors. Here, we describe a concise, 22-step synthetic strategy for the production of avenolide. We present crystal structures of the butenolide receptor AvaR1 in isolation, and in complex with avenolide, as well as AvaR1 bound to an oligonucleotide derived from its operator. Biochemical studies guided by the co-crystal structures enable identification of 90 new actinobacteria that may be regulated by butenolides, two of which are experimentally verified. These studies provide a foundation for understanding regulation of microbial secondary metabolite production, which may be exploited for the discovery and production of novel medicines.
Experimental and computational study of ice accretion effects on aerodynamic performance
Authors: G. Prasad , J. Bruce Ralphin Rose 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse an actual representation of ice accretions, which are important during the certification process.

Design/methodology/approach
Ice accretion experiments are conducted in a low-speed subsonic wind tunnel testing facility to evaluate the influence of various ice shapes around the airfoil sections. Ice accumulation changes the shapes of local airfoil sections and thereby affects the aerodynamic performance characteristics of the considered NACA 23012 profile. The ice profiles are impregnated using balsa wood with glace, horn and mixed ice accretion cases for the detailed experimental investigation.

Findings
Computational fluid dynamics analysis is done to compute the influence of different ice shapes on the aerodynamic coefficients (Cl and Cd) while ice accretion occurs at the leading edge of the airfoil sections. It is observed that the Cl and Cd modified immediately more than 40% as compared to the clean wing configuration. In the same fashion, the skin friction coefficient also abruptly changes for different ice shapes that have the potential to induce flutter at the critical speed of the airplane. The computational solutions are further validated through wind tunnel experiments and recent literature concerning certification for flight in icing conditions.

Social implications
The ice accretion study on the aerodynamic surfaces can also be extended for wind turbine blades installed at different cold regions around the globe. Further, the propeller icing influences the entire rotorcraft aerodynamics at low temperature conditions and the findings of this study are strongly connected with such problems.

Originality/value
The aerodynamic characteristics of the baseline airfoil are greatly affected by the ice accretion problem. Although flight through icing condition endures for a short duration, the takeoff path and decision speed are determined based on airplane drag as per federal aviation regulations. Hence, the proposed study is focussed on a cost-effective approach to predict the effect of ice accretion to achieve optimum performance.
Developing a collaborative culture for radical and incremental innovation: the mediating roles of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing
Authors: Le Phong Ba , Lei Hui , Le Thanh Trung , Gong Jiexi , Ha Anh ThiLan 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the influence of collaborative culture on employee’s knowledge sharing and how it associated with radical and incremental innovation in Chinese firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the quantitative approach and structure equation model to test hypotheses with data collected by questionnaire from 371 participants in 68 Chinese firms.FindingsThe research findings indicated that collaborative culture positively fosters the KS behaviors of employees for radical and incremental innovation. The findings confirm the mediating role of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing and reveal that collaborative culture has a significant impact on incremental innovation, whereas knowledge sharing behaviors have greater impacts on radical and incremental innovation.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should investigate the impact of collaborative culture on innovation under moderating effects of ownership form or mediating roles of behavioral variables to have better understanding on the relationship among them.Practical implicationsThis study offers leaders a deeper understanding of the necessary factors and new pathways to stimulate employees’ tacit and explicit knowledge sharing for innovation.Originality/valueThe paper has significant contributed to theoretical and practical initiatives on the theory of innovation which highlighted the crucial role of collaborative culture in facilitating a positive climate for knowledge sharing and innovation.
Investigation of nanoparticles shape effects on MHD nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a rotating stretching disk through porous medium
Authors: Rashid Umair , Liang Haiyi 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
In this article, we consider the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluid flow over a rotating stretchable disk through porous medium. For porous medium, Darcy’s relation is used. It also encompassed the impact of nanoparticles shape on MHD nanofluid flow and heat transfer. The effect of thermal radiation and Joule heating is also being considered.

Design/methodology/approach
Three categories of nanoparticles are taken into deliberation, i.e. copper, silver and titanium oxide. The nanofluid is made of pure water and various types of sphere- and lamina-shaped nanoparticles. By using appropriate similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary one. The coupled ordinary differential equations system is tackled numerically by bvp4c method.

Findings
The impact of various pertinent parameters, i.e. solid volume fraction, Hartman number, thermal radiations parameter, Reynolds number, Eckert number, porosity parameter and ratio parameter, on flow and Nusselt number with a fixed value of Prandtl number at 6.2 is discussed in details. The obtained results are presented in the concluding section. The lamina shape of nanoparticles in silver-water performed an excellent role on temperature distribution. The heat transfer rate of lamina shape in copper-water was found to be greater in the system of flow regime.

Originality/value
The authors have discussed the shape effect of nanoparticles on MHD nanofluid flow over a rotating stretchable disk through porous medium using three categories of nanoparticles, such as copper, silver and titanium oxide. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on mass and heat transfer nanofluid flow and no such study is yet published in literature. A detailed mathematical analysis has also to be carried out to prove the regularity of model. The authors believe that the numerical results are original and have not been copied from any other sources.
Stability and convergence of iterative finite element methods for the thermally coupled incompressible MHD flow
Authors: Yang Jinting , Zhang Tong 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose three iterative finite element methods for equations of thermally coupled incompressible magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) on 2D/3D bounded domain. The detailed theoretical analysis and some numerical results are presented. The main results show that the Stokes iterative method has the strictest restrictions on the physical parameters, and the Newton’s iterative method has the higher accuracy and the Oseen iterative method is stable unconditionally.

Design/methodology/approach
Three iterative finite element methods have been designed for the thermally coupled incompressible MHD flow on 2D/3D bounded domain. The Oseen iterative scheme includes solving a linearized steady MHD and Oseen equations; unconditional stability and optimal error estimates of numerical approximations at each iterative step are established under the uniqueness condition. Stability and convergence of numerical solutions in Newton and Stokes’ iterative schemes are also analyzed under some strong uniqueness conditions.

Findings
This work was supported by the NSF of China (No. 11971152).

Originality/value
This paper presents the best choice for solving the steady thermally coupled MHD equations with different physical parameters.
Ontology enhancement using crowdsourcing: a conceptual architecture
Authors: Kiptoo Chepkoech C. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the use of crowdsourcing in the enhancement of an ontology of taxonomic knowledge. The paper proposes a conceptual architecture for the incorporation of crowdsourcing into the creation of ontologies.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopted the design science research approach characterised by cycles of “build” and “evaluate” until a refined artefact was established.FindingsData from a case of a fruit fly platform demonstrates that online crowds can contribute to ontology enhancement if engaged in a structured manner that feeds into a defined ontology model.Research limitations/implicationsThe research contributes an architecture to the crowdsourcing body knowledge. The research also makes a methodological contribution for the development of ontologies using crowdsourcing.Practical implicationsCreating ontologies is a demanding task and most ontologies are not exhaustive on the targeted domain knowledge. The proposed architecture provides a guiding structure for the engagement of online crowds in the creation and enhancement of domain ontologies. The research uses a case of taxonomic knowledge ontology.Originality/valueCrowdsourcing for creation and enhancement of ontologies by non-experts is novel and presents opportunity to build and refine ontologies for different domains by engaging online crowds. The process of ontology creation is also prone to errors and engaging crowds presents opportunity for corrections and enhancements.
The correlation and volatility between bitcoin and the blockchain index
Authors: Qi Tuotuo , Wang Tianmei , Zhu Jianming , Bai Ruyu 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The encrypted money market has attracted the attention of investors all over the world. Among the encrypted currency, bitcoin is undoubtedly the most popular. Because blockchain technology is the crucial support of bitcoin, exploring the relationship between bitcoin and the blockchain index is necessary.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses the Granger causality test to explore the correlation between bitcoin and the blockchain index. Furthermore, their volatility is analyzed by a GARCH-class model.

Findings
The results show that no significant correlation exists between bitcoin and the blockchain index; external shocks aggravate the volatility of bitcoin and the blockchain index, and the volatility has a certain degree of sustainability; and blockchain index has obvious leverage, namely, its decline has a stronger impact.

Originality/value
The volatility of bitcoin and the blockchain index is crucial for investors.
An X-ray tomography approach to calculate air volume present in an insulation system sewn with lockstitch and spacer stitch
Authors: Saeed Hassan , Krzywinski Sybille 
Published: April 2020

PurposeSewing is the most widely used and preferred method for manufacturing clothing products for extreme weather conditions and other industrial insulation systems. Multiple layers of functional fabrics in combination with insulation materials are used to thermally insulate precious body heat from its surrounding cold environment. The sewing process fixes the insulation material between the fabric layers. During conventional sewing, the insulation material is compressed along the stitch line. With the compression of the insulation material, entrapped air is forced to leave the insulation material internal structure, and heat loss occurs along the entire length of the stitch line. It results in the deterioration of thermal properties of the end product along the stitch line.Design/methodology/approachThe amount of air, which is a decisive factor for thermal properties of any insulation system, was investigated at the level of a unit stitch length of a lockstitch. Conventional microscopy methods are not suitable to study the compression along the stitch line. With the help of X-ray tomography, the three-dimensional data of a stitch was taken and studied to measure the volume of air. The samples were prepared with conventional lockstitch sewing and a newly developed innovative sewing method “Spacer Stitching.” The results are compared with each other in terms of the amount of air present in a unit stitch length.FindingsCalculations based on X-ray tomography images of lockstitch and spacer stitch revealed that, in the case of lockstitch, a unit stitch has a 15% of its volume made up of material and 85% of its volume by air. In comparison, the spacer stitch with the same sewing and fabric parameters has a material volume of 4.6 % and an air volume of 95.4% in a single stitch.Practical implicationsThe research can positively improve the thermal properties of sewn material made for insulating purposes of conventional clothing as well as of industrial insulations.Originality/valueThere is no literature available which investigates and calculates the amount of air and material present along with a stitch line.
Ethical challenges in the relationship between the pharmacist and patient in Iran
Authors: Delpasand Kourosh , Nazari Tavakkoli Saeid , Kiani Mehrzad , Abbasi Mahmoud , Afshar Leila 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Based on the developmental process of pharmacy in medical relationships, it is essential to pay attention to ethical issues in this field and develop a good pharmacist–patient relationship. The present study aimed to mention the frequency of ethical challenges of pharmacy in Iran as a fundamental step towards designing a practical ethical guideline for professionals.

Design/methodology/approach
In this observational study, data were collected using a two-part questionnaire with 64 items developed after examining relevant texts and conducting unstructured interviews with pharmacy specialists. The first part determined the frequency of ethical challenges that the pharmacist confronts, using 43 short scenarios, whereas the second part comprised 21 questions with short answers. For validation, the questionnaire was sent to 20 medical ethics specialists who were familiar with issues in pharmacy ethics.

Findings
Data were collected from 48 members of the Iranian Association of Pharmacists (Working Group of Hospital Pharmacists). and the frequency of ethical challenges was determined. The most frequent issues were patient's request for over-the-counter drugs, asking about their lab results, asking drug for another person and returning the drug.

Research limitations/implications
One of the limitation of our study is its population, there were hospital pharmacist, other pharmacist such as community pharmacist may face different challenges.

Practical implications
The finding of this study could lead the policymakers to develop ethical guidelines for pharmacy practices.

Social implications
The pharmacist–patient relationship is one of the important aspects of health system, and therefore regulating this relationship based on the professional ethics guidelines could have a positive impact on therapeutic relationships.

Originality/value
Results showed that designing codes of ethics and practical guidelines based on the frequency of the noted challenges enhances the quality of treatment, improves the pharmacist–patient relationship, increases the level of cooperation and decreases patient complaints.