bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of enzymatic and non-enzymatic detection of glucose using manganese ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: A Monunith , Rajan S Arunima , Sahu Niroj Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The use of metal oxide nanoparticles for the development of cost-effective glucose biosensors has been receiving increased attention. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose sensor using polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted manganese ferrite (PEG-MnFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) modified onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is reported in the present study. XRD and Raman studies confirmed the cubic spinel structure of MnFe2O4. The immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on PEG-MnFe2O4 (GOx@PEG-MnFe2O4) was validated using FTIR and TGA. Sensing electrodes exhibited well-defined redox peaks in 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution at pH 7.4 against the reference electrode Ag/AgCl. GOx@PEG-MnFe2O4/GCE displayed a sensitivity of 1.985 μA mM−1 cm−2 in the linear range of 1 to 20 mM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.132 mM whereas non-enzymatic sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 1.044 μA mM−1 cm−2 in the linear range of 1 to 10 mM with a LOD of 0.099 mM. The lower Michaelis constant (

K

m

a
p
p

) value indicates greater affinity towards glucose for the enzymatic sensor. GOx@PEG-MnFe2O4 revealed selectivity specifically for glucose over various interferants such as fructose, lactic acid, sucrose, uric acid and ascorbic acid. In addition, this enzymatic sensor demonstrated better reproducibility and lifetime.
Space, particularity and the socialisation of production
Authors: Gundogdu Ibrahim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Since the 1980s, there has been a considerable effort in critical analyses to design a particular research agenda centred on singularity and diversity in the name of avoiding “essentialistic and universalising claims.” The relations between generality and particularity are then not adequately taken into consideration while social and spatial objects are linked with each other only in external ways. In contrast, it is possible to analyse social reality in its both universal/general and particular aspects beyond their dualistic understanding. To do this, I suggest rethinking the Marxist concept of ‘socialisation of production’ by tracing the dialectical interplay between socialisation and value across geographies.
The year 2019 in the European Heart Journal—Cardiovascular Imaging: Part I
Authors: Edvardsen Thor , Haugaa Kristina H , Petersen Steffen E , Gimelli Alessia , Donal Erwan , Maurer Gerald , Popescu Bogdan A , Cosyns Bernard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The European Heart Journal—Cardiovascular Imaging was launched in 2012 and has during these years become one of the leading multimodality cardiovascular imaging journals. The journal is now established as one of the top cardiovascular journals and is the most important cardiovascular imaging journal in Europe. The most important studies published in our Journal in 2019 will be highlighted in two reports. Part I of the review will focus on studies about myocardial function and risk prediction, myocardial ischaemia, and emerging techniques in cardiovascular imaging, while Part II will focus on valvular heart disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathies, and congenital heart disease.
Dissecting the Helicobacter pylori-regulated transcriptome of B cells
Authors: Chichirau Bianca E , Scheidt Tamara , Diechler Sebastian , Neuper Theresa , Horejs-Hoeck Jutta , Huber Christian G , Posselt Gernot , Wessler Silja 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTPersistent infections with the bacterial group-I carcinogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been associated with a broad range of gastric disorders, including gastritis, ulceration, gastric cancer or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Pathogenesis of H. pylori requires a balance between immune tolerance and defense. Although H. pylori induces inflammatory responses, the immune system cannot eliminate the pathogen. The detailed molecular mechanisms of how H. pylori interferes with cells of the immune system, in particular infiltrated B cells, are not well investigated. Previously, it was shown that the bacterial effector and oncoprotein cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) is delivered into B cells followed by its tyrosine-phosphorylation. To investigate the functional consequences in B cells colonized by CagA-positive H. pylori, we analyzed the global transcriptome of H. pylori-infected Mec-1 cells by RNA sequencing. We found 889 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and validated JUN, FOSL2, HSPA1B, SRC, CXCR3, TLR-4, TNF-α, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL4, MHC class I and MHC class II molecules by qPCR, western blot, flow cytometry and ELISA assays. The H. pylori-specific mRNA expression signature reveals a downregulation of inflammation- and migration-associated genes, whereas central signal transduction regulators of cell survival and death are upregulated.
Emotional Support Animals: An Overview of Practical and Legal Issues for Social Workers
Authors: Hahn Sur Ah , Hinton Jennifer , Hallyburton Ann 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLimited literature exists to guide social workers in the effective and ethical use of emotional support animals (ESAs) in practice. This article deals with practical issues these professionals face in dealing with requests for ESA authorization. The article provides an overview of relevant U.S. regulations (as of mid-2019) governing housing, travel, workplaces, and higher education; examines the uses, efficacy, and special concerns regarding ESAs; and presents recommendations for the use of ESAs in social work practice. Ethical implications for social workers dealing with client assessment and ESA authorization are discussed. The authors also address the intrinsic nature of human and ESA well-being and its relevance to client-centered social work practice. In addition, the authors discuss opportunities for incorporating ESAs into social work education.
Inverting spectrogram measurements via aliased Wigner distribution deconvolution and angular synchronization
Authors: Perlmutter Michael , Merhi Sami , Viswanathan Aditya , Iwen Mark 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We propose a two-step approach for reconstructing a signal $\textbf x\in \mathbb{C}^d$ from subsampled discrete short-time Fourier transform magnitude (spectogram) measurements: first, we use an aliased Wigner distribution deconvolution approach to solve for a portion of the rank-one matrix $\widehat{\textbf{x}}\widehat{\textbf{x}}^{*}.$ Secondly, we use angular synchronization to solve for $\widehat{\textbf{x}}$ (and then for $\textbf{x}$ by Fourier inversion). Using this method, we produce two new efficient phase retrieval algorithms that perform well numerically in comparison to standard approaches and also prove two theorems; one which guarantees the recovery of discrete, bandlimited signals $\textbf{x}\in \mathbb{C}^{d}$ from fewer than $d$ short-time Fourier transform magnitude measurements and another which establishes a new class of deterministic coded diffraction pattern measurements which are guaranteed to allow efficient and noise robust recovery.
Competing ethics in a pilot strategy to implement parasitology training and research in post-Ebola Sierra Leone
Authors: Peña-Fernández Antonio , Anjum Umar , Wadoum Raoul Emeric Guetiya , Koroma Sylvester , Berghs Maria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Much of the focus of public health research post-Ebola in Sierra Leone has been on rebuilding the healthcare system. However, very little attention has focused on capacity building in knowledge necessary for (bio)medical research, specifically around emerging opportunistic human pathogens that contribute to the high morbidity and mortality rates in Sierra Leone. In collaboration with academic staff from the University of Makeni, we engaged in a small-scale pilot intervention to strengthen medical parasitology teaching and research. The cultural competencies and ethical expertise provided by Sierra Leonean academics was critical to work in local communities and ensuring consent to undertake research. Yet, at the end of a day of collecting samples, in small pieces of conversation, the staff also explained ethical constraints they experienced taking part in research collaborations. They illustrate that, while on the surface all may seem well with a project, there can be harmful effects in terms of accessibility, ownership, cultural responsiveness and accountability, which should be taken into consideration when establishing networks and collaborations with universities from low-income countries.
‘I don’t know if we can really, really change that’: a qualitative exploration of public perception towards antibiotic resistance in France
Authors: Essilini Anaïs , Kivits Joëlle , Caron Frédéric , Boivin Jean-Marc , Thilly Nathalie , Pulcini Céline 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Since the 2000s, French authorities have put in place various national plans to make the general public aware of antibiotic stewardship. Twenty years later, France is still one of the countries with the highest use of antibiotics in Europe.

Objectives
Our study explored the general public’s perceptions of antibiotic resistance, their behaviour around antibiotic use and their expectations regarding awareness campaigns.

Methods
A qualitative study was performed from March 2018 to March 2019 in a French region using focus groups. Two types of public were targeted: parents of young children and retired people. The interview guide contained open-ended questions organized around three main themes: perceptions of antibiotic resistance; experience and use of antibiotics; and health information and campaigns.

Results
Nine focus groups were created, including 17 parents and 19 retirees. Participants did not link antibiotic overuse and antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance was not perceived as a personal responsibility but as a suffered phenomenon on which the participants could not act. The blame was particularly put on the presence of antibiotics in the environment. Although participants expressed trust in their GPs, antibiotics remained perceived as the only solution for them to be cured quickly.

Conclusions
The study highlighted that the GPs were the preferred information source regarding the use of antibiotics. Actions targeting the public and health professionals will have little impact if, at the same time, efforts on work environment representation are not undertaken.
Feeding behavior, water intake, and energy and protein requirements of young Nellore bulls with different residual feed intakes
Authors: Menezes Ana Clara B , Valadares Filho Sebastião C , Benedeti Pedro D B , Zanetti Diego , Paulino Mário F , Silva Fabyano F , Caton Joel S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to determine feeding behavior, water intake (WI), and energy requirements of high- and low-residual feed intake (RFI) Nellore bulls. Data were collected from 42 weaned Nellore bulls (initial body weight [BW] 260 ± 8.1 kg; age 7 ± 1.0 mo) housed in a feedlot in group pens that contained electronic feeders, waterers, and a scale connected to the waterers. The individual dry matter intake (DMI), WI, and BW were recorded daily. The indexes of average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (gain to feed ratio), and RFI were calculated based on the data collected. The number of feeder and waterer visits and the time spent feeding or drinking water per animal per day were recorded as feeding behavior measures. Energy requirements for maintenance and gain were calculated according to the BR-CORTE system. Low-RFI bulls had lower DMI (P &lt; 0.01) than high-RFI bulls, and no differences (P &gt; 0.05) were observed between the two groups regarding WI, performance, and feeding behavior measurements. The net energy requirements for maintenance, metabolizable energy for maintenance, and efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization were 63.4, 98.6 kcal/metabolic empty body weight (EBW)0.75 daily, and 64.3%, respectively, for low-RFI bulls, and 78.1, 123.9 kcal/EBW0.75 daily, and 63.0%, respectively, for high-RFI bulls. The equations obtained for net energy for gain (NEg) were: NEg (Mcal/EBW0.75) daily = 0.0528 × EBW0.75 × EBG0.5459 for low-RFI and 0.054 × EBW0.75 × EBG0.8618 for high-RFI bulls, where EBG is the empty body gain. We did not observe any difference (P &gt; 0.05) regarding the composition of gain in terms of protein or fat deposition between the two groups. Both groups also presented similar (P &gt; 0.05) carcass and non-carcass traits. Therefore, our study shows that low-RFI Nellore bulls eat less, grow at a similar rate, and have lower maintenance energy requirements than high-RFI bulls. We also suggest that the lower feed intake did not compromise the carcass traits of more efficient animals, which would reduce production costs and increase the competitiveness of the Brazilian beef sector on the world market.
Establishing a Method to Evaluate the Efficacy of Compounds Aimed at Repelling Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Infestations on Cattle in a Laboratory Setting
Authors: Smythe Brandon G , Zepeda Ramon , Hogsette Jerome 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Use of nonpesticidal chemicals to minimize or eliminate horn fly (Haematobia irritans) populations on cattle could be helpful in combating insecticide resistance. One recent approach is the use of natural products with repellent properties against the target pest. A rapid on-animal evaluation system that accounts for both host and pest interactions and bypasses the need for costly multiyear field assessments is needed. The objective of this study was to develop a system to quantify product repellency of horn flies on cattle in a laboratory setting. Animal pair treatment groups were utilized to assess product efficacy and carrier effects across three experimental trials. A treatment solution consisting of 3% geraniol in mineral oil was the natural product repellent. Horn fly populations on animal pairs receiving the geraniol treatment were significantly reduced when compared with untreated animal pairs. However, animal pairs receiving a mineral oil-only treatment showed reduced horn fly populations similar to animals treated with mineral oil plus geraniol. Thus, there was a strong carrier effect that could be difficult to distinguish in the field but was easily observed using laboratory methods.
Constitutionalizing nature’s law: dignity and the regulation of biotechnology in Switzerland
Authors: Toomey James 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Swiss Constitution was amended by referendum in 1992 to include two unique provisions: Article 119, which imposes strict limits on genetic and reproductive technologies in humans in order to protect ‘human dignity’, and Article 120, which commits the Swiss federal government to limiting genetic technologies in non-human species on the basis of the ‘dignity of the creature’. This article analyzes the role of ‘dignity’ as a limit on biotechnologies in the Swiss constitutional order. It concludes that the understanding of dignity the constitution embraces codifies a contestable metaphysical theory of value at the constitutional level. Specifically, the Swiss constitutional concept of dignity embraces the normative theory that the natural order is a source of moral value. Because this theory speaks directly to contested questions of the good life, Switzerland’s adoption of it as a constitutional principle is analogous to the adoption of a religious theory in a constitution. The concept of dignity as understood in the Swiss constitutional order is contrary to the commitment to epistemic humility characteristic of liberal constitutions.
From Romance to Tragedy: House Ownership and Relocation in the Resettlement Narratives of Nepali Bhutanese Refugees
Authors: Nelson Andrew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBased on 3 years of research with Nepali Bhutanese refugees in the Dallas–Fort Worth region of the southern US, this article asks how house ownership affects the meaning of home in third-country resettlement. While research participants initially depicted the owned house as a recovery of the pre-exile home, their narratives shifted when many started considering moves to the northern states of Ohio and Pennsylvania. In follow-up interviews based on future plans, an alternative image of home emerged based on the ability to relocate and seek better futures. In this spatially mobile and temporally open reconceptualization, home did not mean an end to displacement, but rather a continuous negotiation with conditions of alienation experienced as migrants in Bhutan and refugees in Nepal and the US. This shift suggests conceiving of refugee resettlement less as a romance of overcoming the liminality of exile, and more as a tragedy of enduring displacement.
Defining the mutation signatures of DNA polymerase θ in cancer genomes
Authors: Hwang Taejoo , Reh Shelley , Dunbayev Yerkin , Zhong Yi , Takata Yoko , Shen Jianjun , McBride Kevin M , Murnane John P , Bhak Jong , Lee Semin , Wood Richard D , Takata Kei-ichi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
DNA polymerase theta (POLQ)-mediated end joining (TMEJ) is a distinct pathway for mediating DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. TMEJ is required for the viability of BRCA-mutated cancer cells. It is crucial to identify tumors that rely on POLQ activity for DSB repair, because such tumors are defective in other DSB repair pathways and have predicted sensitivity to POLQ inhibition and to cancer therapies that produce DSBs. We define here the POLQ-associated mutation signatures in human cancers, characterized by short insertions and deletions in a specific range of microhomologies. By analyzing 82 COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) signatures, we found that BRCA-mutated cancers with a higher level of POLQ expression have a greatly enhanced representation of the small insertion and deletion signature 6, as well as single base substitution signature 3. Using human cancer cells with disruptions of POLQ, we further show that TMEJ dominates end joining of two separated DSBs (distal EJ). Templated insertions with microhomology are enriched in POLQ-dependent distal EJ. The use of this signature analysis will aid in identifying tumors relying on POLQ activity.
Engineering G-quadruplex aptamer to modulate its binding specificity
Authors: Li Long , Xu Shujuan , Peng Xueyu , Ji Yuzhuo , Yan He , Cui Cheng , Li Xiaowei , Pan Xiaoshu , Yang Lu , Qiu Liping , Jiang Jianhui , Tan Weihong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The use of aptamers in bioanalytical and biomedical applications exploits their ability to recognize cell surface protein receptors. Targeted therapeutics and theranostics come to mind in this regard. However, protein receptors occur on both cancer and normal cells; as such, aptamers are now taxed with identifying high vs. low levels of protein expression. Inspired by the flexible template mechanism and elegant control of natural nucleic acid-based structures, we report an allosteric regulation strategy for constructing a structure-switching aptamer for enhanced target cell recognition by engineering aptamers with DNA intercalated motifs (i-motifs) responsive to the microenvironment, such as pH. Structure-switching sensitivity can be readily tuned by manipulating i-motif sequences. However, structure-switching sensitivity is difficult to estimate, making it equally difficult to effectively screen modified aptamers with the desired sensitivity. To address this problem, we selected a fluorescent probe capable of detecting G-quadruplex in complicated biological media.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the State of Texas of the United States: Past Reflections, Present Shortcomings, and Future Needs of the Public Health Response
Authors: Abbas Ume L , Hallmark Camden J , McNeese Marlene , Hemmige Vagish , Gathe Joseph , Williams Victoria , Wolf Brandon , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A strategy titled “Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America” aims to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence in the United States by at least 90% by 2030, using diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. Texas is a Southern state that has one of the highest numbers of new HIV diagnoses and people with HIV in the country, and where HIV disproportionately impacts minorities. We retrace the historical epidemic in its largest city, Houston, to illustrate the lessons learned and milestones accomplished, which could serve as guideposts for the future. We examine the current epidemic in Texas, including the achieved levels of HIV testing, treatment continua, and pre-exposure prophylaxis prescription, and compare and contrast these with the national estimates and Plan targets. Our findings call for urgent and accelerated expansion of efforts to end HIV in Texas.
Short- and long-term responses of photosynthetic capacity to temperature in four boreal tree species in a free-air warming and rainfall manipulation experiment
Authors: Bermudez Raimundo , Stefanski Artur , Montgomery Rebecca A , Reich Peter B 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh latitude forests cope with considerable variation in moisture and temperature at multiple temporal scales. To assess how their photosynthetic physiology responds to short- and long-term temperature variation, we measured photosynthetic capacity for four tree species growing in an open-air experiment in the boreal-temperate ecotone `Boreal Forest Warming at an Ecotone in Danger' (B4WarmED). The experiment factorially manipulated temperature above- and below-ground (ambient, +3.2 °C) and summer rainfall (ambient, 40% removal). We measured A/Ci curves at 18, 25 and 32 °C for individuals of two boreal (Pinus banksiana Lamb., Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and two temperate species (Pinus strobus L., Acer rubrum L.) experiencing the long-term warming and/or reduced-rainfall conditions induced by our experimental treatments. We calculated the apparent photosynthetic capacity descriptors VCmax,Ci and Jmax,Ci and their ratio for each measurement temperate. We hypothesized that (i) VCmax,Ci and Jmax,Ci would be down-regulated in plants experiencing longer term (e.g., weeks to months) warming and reduced rainfall (i.e., have lower values at a given measurement temperature), as is sometimes found in the literature, and that (ii) plants growing at warmer temperatures or from warmer ranges would show greater sensitivity (steeper slope) to short-term (minutes to hours) temperature variation. Neither hypothesis was supported as a general trend across the four species, as there was not a significant main effect (across species) of either warming or rainfall reduction on VCmax,Ci and Jmax,Ci. All species markedly increased VCmax,Ci and Jmax,Ci (and decreased their ratio) with short-term increases in temperature (i.e., contrasting values at 18, 25 and 32 °C), and those responses were independent of long-term treatments and did not differ among species. The Jmax,Ci:VCmax,Ci ratio was, however, significantly lower across species in warmed and reduced rainfall treatments. Collectively, these results suggest that boreal trees possess considerable short-term plasticity that may allow homeostasis of VCmax,Ci and Jmax,Ci to a longer term temperature treatment. Our results also caution against extrapolating results obtained under controlled and markedly contrasting temperature treatments to responses of photosynthetic parameters to more modest temperature changes expected in the near-term with climate warming in field conditions.