bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual variants of pre‐excitation: From anatomy to ablation: Part III—Clinical presentation, electrophysiologic characteristics, when and how to ablate nodoventricular, nodofascicular, fasciculoventricular pathways, along with considerations of permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia
Authors: Soares Correa Frederico , Lokhandwala Yash , Sánchez‐Quintana Damián , Mori Shumpei , Anderson Robert H. , Wellens Hein J. J. , Back Sternick Eduardo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe recognition of the presence, location, and properties of unusual accessory pathways for atrioventricular conduction is an exciting, but frequently a difficult, challenge for the clinical cardiac arrhythmologist. In this third part of our series of reviews, we discuss the different steps required to come to the correct diagnosis and management decision in patients with nodofascicular, nodoventricular, and fasciculo‐ventricular pathways. We also discuss the concealed accessory atrioventricular pathways with the properties of decremental retrograde conduction that are associated with the so‐called permanent form of junctional reciprocating tachycardia.Careful analysis of the 12‐lead electrocardiogram during sinus rhythm and tachycardias should always precede the investigation in the catheterization room. When using programmed electrical stimulation of the heart from different intracardiac locations, combined with activation mapping, it should be possible to localize both the proximal and distal ends of the accessory connections. This, in turn, should then permit the determination of their electrophysiologic properties, providing the answer to the question “are they incorporated in a tachycardia circuit?”. It is this information that is essential for decision‐making with regard to the need for catheter ablation, and if necessary, its appropriate site.
On the Relationship between Domestic Saving and the Current Account: Evidence and Theory for Developing Countries
Authors: BRUECKNER MARKUS , PACZOS WOJTEK , PAPPA EVI 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe examine the relationship between domestic saving and the current account in developing countries. Our three main findings are that: (i) domestic saving has a small effect on the current account; (ii) domestic saving has a significant positive effect on the trade balance—this effect is much larger than the effect that domestic saving has on the current account; and (iii) domestic saving has a significant negative effect on net‐current transfers. We use countries in the SSA region during the period 1980‐2009 as a laboratory for an instrumental variables (IV) approach. The IV approach enables to obtain estimates of causal effects. Underlying the IV approach is the significant positive first‐stage response of domestic saving to plausibly exogenous annual rainfall: an unanticipated, transitory supply‐side shock. We construct a small open‐economy DSGE model with debt adjustment costs and endogenous current transfers to match the empirical findings. The model enables to examine the relationship between domestic saving and the current account for different types of shocks. An important message of our paper is that, for developing countries, estimates of the relationship between domestic saving and domestic investment are not informative for answering the question how domestic saving affects a country's accumulation of net foreign assets.
A disadvantage of cesarean section en caul: Umbilical velamentous insertion, a risk factor and proposed mechanism of neonatal anemia
Authors: Shibata Takashi , Nakago Satoshi , Nishikawa Shigeki , Fukuoka Yasunori , Iizuka Noriaki , Kotsuji Fumikazu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCesarean section en caul could cause neonatal anemia, but the mechanism remains unknown. We demonstrate an association between neonatal anemia and velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord in cesarean section en caul, and suggest a way to make this procedure safer. We performed cesarean section en caul, but the placenta and the membrane sac were delivered separately. The neonate was severely anemic. The umbilical cord was attached to the membrane and the blood vessel connecting the umbilical cord and placenta was torn. The amniotic membrane covering the placental surface had peeled away. Velamentous insertion of the umbilical cord could be a cause of neonatal anemia associated with cesarean section en caul.
Inclusion of yeast and/or fructooligosaccharides in diets with plant‐origin protein concentrates for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings
Authors: Cid García Rene A. , Hernández Hernández Luis Héctor , Carrillo Longoria Javier Alonso , Fernández Araiza Mario A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrebiotics and probiotics improve growth and immune responses in fish. However, their inclusion affects fish when combined with plant proteins is not well studied. The effects of diets with plant concentrates supplemented with yeast Saccharomyces sp. (Y) and/or fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth and nonspecific immune responses were determined in rainbow trout. A basal diet (soy, rice protein concentrates, and corn gluten—200, 200, and150 g/kg, respectively) was supplemented with Y (15 g/kg), FOS (5 g/kg), or Y + FOS (15 and 5 g/kg). The basal diet corresponded to the control. Triplicate tanks with 20 fingerlings (initial weight of 1.3 ± 0.1 g; mean ± SE) were fed for 70 days. Higher values of weight gain and specific growth rate were observed in fingerlings fed with Diet Y; the lowest values were observed in the control group. Leucocytes were higher in fish fed with the FOS diet, whereas the burst activity of macrophages was higher in Y‐fed fish. Lysozyme activity in the serum did not show differences among the experimental groups, but significantly higher values were observed in the skin mucus of fish fed Diet Y. The present research shows that the inclusion of yeast with plant protein concentrates improved the growth and burst activity of macrophages in the fingerlings.
Using Uncertainty Analysis to Improve Consistency in Regulatory Assessments of Criteria Pollutant Standards
Authors: Smith Anne E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRegulatory impact analyses (RIAs), required for new major federal regulations, are often criticized for not incorporating epistemic uncertainties into their quantitative estimates of benefits and costs. “Integrated uncertainty analysis,” which relies on subjective judgments about epistemic uncertainty to quantitatively combine epistemic and statistical uncertainties, is often prescribed. This article identifies an additional source for subjective judgment regarding a key epistemic uncertainty in RIAs for National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)—the regulator's degree of confidence in continuation of the relationship between pollutant concentration and health effects at varying concentration levels. An illustrative example is provided based on the 2013 decision on the NAAQS for fine particulate matter (PM2.5). It shows how the regulator's justification for setting that NAAQS was structured around the regulator's subjective confidence in the continuation of health risks at different concentration levels, and it illustrates how such expressions of uncertainty might be directly incorporated into the risk reduction calculations used in the rule's RIA. The resulting confidence‐weighted quantitative risk estimates are found to be substantially different from those in the RIA for that rule. This approach for accounting for an important source of subjective uncertainty also offers the advantage of establishing consistency between the scientific assumptions underlying RIA risk and benefit estimates and the science‐based judgments developed when deciding on the relevant standards for important air pollutants such as PM2.5.
Total body skeletal muscle mass estimated by magnetic resonance imaging and creatine (methyl‐d3) dilution in athletes
Authors: Morris‐Paterson Tessa E. , Stimpson Stephen A. , Miller Ram R. , Barton Matthew E. , Leonard Michael S. , Carmichael Owen , van Someren Ken A. , Harridge Stephen D. R. 
Published: October 2019

Creatine dilution (D3‐cr) is a technique for estimating total skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with practical utility, but has not been applied in athletic populations where body composition may differ to that in the normal population. This study aimed to assess the agreement between SMM derived from both D3‐cr and that obtained from whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 15 male and 5 female national level kayakers (stature: 182.0 ± 13.1 and 170.0 ± 9.0 cm; body mass: 80.6 ± 9.9 and 66.4 ± 6.0 kg; V̇O2peak: 56.5 ± 7.0 and 49.6 ± 4.4 mL kg−1 min−1, mean ± SD). SMM was determined following 60 mg of dosed D3‐cr and analysis of expelled urine collected on four subsequent days for creatine, creatinine, D3‐cr, and D3‐creatinine using liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. SMM was then estimated by assuming a creatine pool size of 4.3 g/kg. During the same time period, a whole‐body MRI was undertaken to derive SMM from the analysis of multiple slices taken across the body. A strong positive correlation (F = 74.32; R = 0.90; P < .0001) between the two methods was observed, but the D3‐cr SMM was found to be significantly higher (43.3 ± 6.8 kg) when compared with MRI (36.3 ± 5.8 kg, P < .0001). However, the difference between the methods was removed when a higher intramuscular creatine pool (5.1 g/kg) was assumed. These data show that D3‐cr has potential utility in athletes, as referenced against MRI, but show that assumptions regarding creatine pool size need to be carefully considered.
The impact of health education on attitudes of parents and religious leaders towards female genital mutilation
Authors: Abdulah Deldar Morad , Dawson Angela , Sedo Bewar Abdulaziz 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundPrevious studies conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan have reported that parent’s decisions to circumcise their daughters are based on religious or cultural beliefs. Despite the widespread practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), the effectiveness of educational strategies to change attitudes towards FGM has not been examined in this region. The present investigation examined the effectiveness of a short-term educational intervention to change the attitudes of parents and religious leaders towards FGM.Methods192 Mullahs (religious leaders), 212 Mokhtars (traditional leaders) and 523 parents in rural areas in Iraqi Kurdistan were invited to participate in a pre- and post-test community-based interventional study in 2017. The Health Belief Model informed the intervention, and participants’ attitudes were compared across two stages of the study.ResultsThe attitudes of Mullahs, Mokhtars and parents substantially changed from a position of supporting female circumcision to expressing a wish to abandon the practice and not cut their future daughters (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.42; OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.04 and OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.18, respectively).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that brief educational interventions can be an effective strategy for changing the attitudes of parents and public leaders towards FGM. Health education is a useful strategy for changing attitudes. However, such interventions must be delivered alongside other strategies to ensure a multifaceted approach to addressing complex social dynamics. A comprehensive public health approach is, therefore, necessary that includes legal measures, community-based action and an appropriate health system approach.
Higher-protein intake improves body composition index in female collegiate dancers
Authors: Brown Ann F. , Welsh Tom , Panton Lynn B. , Moffatt Robert J. , Ormsbee Michael J. 
Published: October 2019

Aesthetic athletes strive to attain an ideal body image and the physical demands placed on dancers make their body composition and fitness equally as important as their technique. Body composition has shown positive changes in response to increased protein intake and may improve aesthetics of dance performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which supplemental whey protein (PRO) would improve body composition in female collegiate dancers compared with an isocaloric placebo (PLA). Twenty-one (age, 19.6 ± 1.4 years) female collegiate dancers were randomly assigned to consume PRO or PLA (25 g, 3×/day) for 12 weeks. Laboratory testing at weeks 0, 6, and 12 included 24-h urine collection, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), resting metabolic rate, and performance. Data were reported as means ± SD. Significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Body weight, fat mass, and lean soft tissue did not change between groups or over time. Body composition index (BCI = [(LSTpost− LSTpre) + (FMpre− FMpost)]; where LST is lean soft tissue, FM is fat mass, pre is pre-intervention, and post is post-intervention) significantly improved over time in PRO (+0.6 ± 1.9) but not PLA (−1.8 ± 3.1; p = 0.048); however, neither group demonstrated changes in laboratory performance tests. Protein supplementation for 12 weeks significantly improved BCI and provided a simple way to improve the diet in female collegiate dancers.Novelty Twelve weeks of protein supplementation does not change body weight in female collegiate dancers. BCI improves following protein supplementation in female collegiate dancers.
The benefits of indolence
Authors: Bugayenko Yegor 
Published: October 2019

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Yegor Bugayenko explains his realization that software developers should go neither above nor beyond.
DeepXplore
Authors: Pei Kexin , Cao Yinzhi , Yang Junfeng , Jana Suman 
Published: October 2019

Deep learning (DL) systems are increasingly deployed in safety- and security-critical domains such as self-driving cars and malware detection, where the correctness and predictability of a system's behavior for corner case inputs are of great importance. Existing DL testing depends heavily on manually labeled data and therefore often fails to expose erroneous behaviors for rare inputs.
We design, implement, and evaluate DeepXplore, the first white-box framework for systematically testing real-world DL systems. First, we introduce neuron coverage for measuring the parts of a DL system exercised by test inputs. Next, we leverage multiple DL systems with similar functionality as cross-referencing oracles to avoid manual checking. Finally, we demonstrate how finding inputs for DL systems that both trigger many differential behaviors and achieve high neuron coverage can be represented as a joint optimization problem and solved efficiently using gradient-based search techniques.
DeepXplore efficiently finds thousands of incorrect corner case behaviors (e.g., self-driving cars crashing into guard rails and malware masquerading as benign software) in state-of-the-art DL models with thousands of neurons trained on five popular datasets such as ImageNet and Udacity self-driving challenge data. For all tested DL models, on average, DeepXplore generated one test input demonstrating incorrect behavior within one second while running only on a commodity laptop. We further show that the test inputs generated by DeepXplore can also be used to retrain the corresponding DL model to improve the model's accuracy by up to 3%.
Effects of prolonged type 2 diabetes on mitochondrial function in cerebral blood vessels
Authors: Merdzo Ivan , Rutkai Ibolya , Sure Venkata N. L. R. , Katakam Prasad V. G. , Busija David W. 
Published: October 2019

One of the major characteristics of hyperglycemic states such as type 2 diabetes is increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Since mitochondria are a major source of ROS, it is vital to understand the involvement of these organelles in the pathogenesis of ROS-mediated conditions. Therefore, we investigated mitochondrial function and ROS production in cerebral blood vessels of 21-wk-old Zucker diabetic fatty obese rats and their lean controls. We have previously shown that in the early stages of insulin resistance, and short periods of type 2 diabetes mellitus, only mild differences exist in mitochondrial function. In the present study, we examined mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial protein expression, and ROS production in large-surface cerebral arteries. We used 21-wk-old animals exposed to peak glucose levels for 7 wk and compared them with our previous studies on younger diabetic animals. We found that the same segments of mitochondrial respiration (basal respiration and proton leak) were diminished in diabetic groups as they were in younger diabetic animals. Levels of rattin, a rat humanin analog, tended to decrease in the diabetic group but did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.08). Other mitochondrial proteins were unaffected, which might indicate the existence of compensatory mechanisms with extension of this relatively mild form of diabetes. Superoxide levels were significantly higher in large cerebral vessels of diabetic animals compared with the control group. In conclusion, prolonged dietary diabetes leads to stabilization, rather than deterioration, of metabolic status in the cerebral circulation, despite continued overproduction of ROS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have characterized for the first time the dynamics of mitochondrial function during the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus with regard to mitochondrial respiration, protein expression, and reactive oxygen species production. In addition, this is the first measurement of rattin levels in the cerebral vasculature, which could potentially lead to novel treatment options.
A COLLECTION OF TICKS (IXODIDAE) FROM SULAWESI UTARA, INDONESIA
Authors: DURDEN L.A. 
Published: October 2019

IxodidÂ ticksÂ wereÂ collectedÂ fromÂ sevenÂ speciesÂ ofÂ endemicÂ muridÂ rodentsÂ andÂ fromÂ vegetationÂ in Sulawesi Utara,Â Indonesia. AdultÂ ticks belongingÂ toÂ the species, Amblyomma babirussae, A. cyprium and DermacentorÂ (Indocentor) steini were takenÂ fromÂ the vegetation.Â ImmatureÂ ticks assignableÂ to the genera, Haemaphysalis,Â AmblyommaÂ andÂ IxodesÂ infestedÂ the murids withÂ Parauromys dominator and Maxomys musschenbroekii beingÂ theÂ two most heavilyÂ tick-infested host species. The data areÂ comparedÂ to otherÂ tick records from Sulawesi.
THE EFFECTS OF DRYING AND SHELLING ON ASPERGILLUS FLAWS INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION OF MAIZE*
Authors: DHARMAPUTRA O.S. 
Published: October 2019

TheÂ effects of dryingÂ andÂ shelling onÂ AspergillusÂ fla\-usÂ infectionÂ andÂ aflatoxinÂ productionÂ of maizeÂ stored under laboratory conditions were investigated together with the intactness of grain and change of moisture content during the storage period. Fully matured maize var. Arjuna and CPI-2 were harvested at 90 and 97 days after planting, respectively, after which they were unhusked and divided into 4 pans. The 1st and the 2nd parts were sun dried up to 20^ moisture content (m.c.) and then shelled and re-dried up to 17 and 14% m.c.. respectively. The 3rd part was sun dried up to 17% m.c. and then shelled but not re-dned. The 4th pan was sun dried up to 17% m.c. and then shelled and re-dried up to 14% m.c. The maize was sun dried by spreading either the cobs or the kernels on the paved floor. The nail-down wood and mechanical sheller were used for shelling the maize. After drying and shelling, maize samples were stored in the jars which were covered with muslin cloth for 3 months under laboratory conditions. A. flavus was isolated using dilution method on Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar (AFPA). The damaged kernel analysis was carried out at the beginning of storage to obtain the percentage of damaged kernel caused by shelling. The m.c. and aflatoxin were determined using oven and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods, respectively. The m.c. decreased at 1 month of storage and then it was almost constant at 2 and 3 months of storage. The percentageÂ of damaged kernelsÂ of maize var. CPI-2 wasÂ higherÂ thanÂ thoseÂ ofÂ var. Arjuna. The percentageÂ of damaged kernels of maize shelled at 20% m.c. was higher than that shelled at 17% m.c. The percentage of damaged kernels of maize shelled by mechanical sheller was higher than that shelled by nail-down wood.*Paper presented at the Symposium on Pest Management for Stored Food and Feed, 5 -7 September 1995 Bogor, Indonesia.
IN VITRO INOCULATION OF ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS TISSUE CULTURE SHOOTS WITH FUSARIUM PROLIFERA TUM
Authors: NORULAINI N.A.R. NIK , SALLEH B. , ISKANDAR R.A.R. , OMAR A.K. MOHD 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT Artificially inoculated asparagus tissue culture plantlets with a virulent fungus,Â Fusarium proliferatum showed signs of infection as early as 4 days after inoculation. Macroscopic observations revealed presence of early symptoms such as necrotic lesions at the affected area and light microscopic examinations clearly revealed the post-penetration events that took place including the destruction of surrounding cells. However, little is known of the hyphal activity or advancement on the host's surface at the initial stage after inoculation. Scanning electron microscopic examination clearly revealed the hyphal advancement on the surface and the mode of entrance into the host tissues beneath. Four days after inoculation, the fungi proceeded to spread out from the inoculation point onto the host surface which eventually developed into a sparse network of both aerial and non-aerial hyphae. Non-aerial hyphae form a network of mycelium that adheres to the surface and it's movement appeared to be oriented towards the stomata. Hyphal penetration occurs more often through the stomata, natural openings or wounds. In some cases, the hyphae crossed over the stomatal opening without entering the host tissues. At places where the cuticle layer is absent or not well developed the hyphae successfully grew in between the epidermal cells into the tissues beneath. Key words: Tissue culture/Asparagus officinalis/shoots/Artificial inoculstion/Fusarium proliferatum.
MORPHOMETRIC STUDY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF THE BACTROCERA DORSALIS COMPLEX (DIPTERA : TEPHRITIDAE) USING WING IMAGE ANALYSIS
Authors: ADSAVAKULCHAI' A. , BAIMAI V. , PRACHYABRUED W. , GROTE PAUL J. , LERTLUM S, 
Published: October 2019

The Bactrocera dorsalis complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) used in this study included B. dorsalis, B. arecae, B. propinqua, B. pyrifoliae, B. verbascifoliae, and three new species complexes are species E, species K and species P. Bactrocera tau was used as an out-group. A total of 424 adults, which emerged from pupae collected from natural populations in Thailand, were prepared for wing measurements. Morphometric analysis was performed on measurements of wing vein characters. Wing images were captured in digital format and taken through digitalÂ image processing to calculate the Euclidean distance between wing vein junctions. Discriminant and cluster analyses were used for dichotomy of classification processes. All 424 wing specimens were classified to species in terms of the percentage of "grouped" cases which yielded about 89.6% accurate identification compared with the formal description of these species. After clustering, the percentage of "grouped"cases yielded 100.0%, 98.9%, 98.1%, 95.2% and 84.6% accurate identification between the B. dorsalis complex and B. tau; B. arecae and Species E; B. dorsalis and B. verbascifoliae; B. propinqua and B. pyrifoliae; and species K and species P, respectively. This method of numerical taxonomy may be useful for practical identification of other groups of agricultural pests. Key words: Bactrocera dorsalis complex/wing image processing/morphometric/discriminant and cluster analyses.