bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, antigen‐driven after all?
Authors: Poppema Sibrandes 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) was suggested as an entity separate from other types of Hodgkin lymphoma 40 years ago and recognized in the WHO classification in 2001. Based on its relatively benign course with late distant relapses, relation with lymph node hyperplasia with progressively transformed germinal centers, presence of clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements with somatic hypermutations and ongoing mutations, and relation with a number of inherited defects affecting the immune system, it has been suspected that NLPHL might be antigen‐driven. Recent evidence has shown that cases of IgD‐positive NLPHL are associated with infection by Moraxella catarrhalis, a common bacterium in the upper respiratory tract and in lymph nodes. This review summarizes the evidence for NLPHL as a B‐cell lymphoma involving follicular T‐lymphocytes normally found in germinal centers, its molecular features and relation to inherited immune defects, and its relation and differential diagnosis from similar entities. Finally, it discusses the evidence that in many cases a watch and wait policy might be a viable initial management strategy. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential sealing and repair of human FM defects after trauma with peptide amphiphiles and Cx43 antisense
Authors: Barrett David W. , Okesola Babatunde O. , Costa Eleni , Thrasivoulou Christopher , Becker David L. , Mata Alvaro , Deprest Jan A. , David Anna L. , Chowdhury Tina T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe examined whether peptide amphiphiles functionalised with adhesive, migratory or regenerative sequences could be combined with amniotic fluid (AF) to form plugs that repair fetal membrane (FM) defects after trauma and co‐culture with connexin 43 (Cx43) antisense.MethodsWe assessed interactions between peptide amphiphiles and AF and examined the plugs in FM defects after trauma and co‐culture with the Cx43antisense.ResultsConfocal microscopy confirmed directed self‐assembly of peptide amphiphiles with AF to form a plug within minutes, with good mechanical properties. SEM of the plug revealed a multi‐layered, nanofibrous network that sealed the FM defect after trauma. Co‐culture of the FM defect with Cx43 antisense and plug increased collagen levels but reduced GAG. Culture of the FM defect with peptide amphiphiles incorporating regenerative sequences for 5 days, increased F‐actin and nuclear cell contraction, migration and polarization of collagen fibers across the FM defect when compared to control specimens with minimal repair.ConclusionsWhilst the nanoarchitecture revealed promising conditions to seal iatrogenic FM defects, the peptide amphiphiles need to be designed to maximize repair mechanisms and promote structural compliance with high mechanical tolerance that maintains tissue remodeling with Cx43 antisense for future treatment.
Solid state polymer ionogel electrolyte for use in Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Zhan Chi , Jana Sadhan C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work presents a preparation method for solid state ionogel electrolyte membranes intended for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). These membranes are obtained by filling the pores of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) gels with an ionic liquid (IL) that is later polymerized. The aim is to improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties in conjunction with mitigation of ionic liquid loss from ionogel electrolyte membranes at high application temperatures (>50°C). Such ionogel membranes circumvent the dimensional stability issues of polyolefin membranes at >90°C, volatility and flammability issues of organic liquid electrolytes, and ionic liquid loss due to thermal expansion of typical ionogel membranes. The ionogel membranes developed in this work contain a framework of high porosity sPS gel filled with an ionic liquid that is later polymerized via free‐radical polymerization. The resulting solid electrolyte membrane show improved thermal stability, good shape fixity, and negligible IL loss at high temperature. The electrolyte membrane also shows good electrochemical stability and adequate ionic conductivity due to high IL loading and high porosity of sPS gels.
Liquid‐to‐solid transitions in nanoparticle‐filled brush block copolymer composites
Authors: Yavitt Benjamin M. , Fei Hua‐Feng , Kopanati Gayathri N. , Winter H. Henning , Watkins James J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe natural self‐assembly of densely grafted brush block copolymers (BBCP) is used to direct functional nanoparticles (NP) into well‐ordered structures with large lattice spacings and high NP content. Understanding the NP's impact on the phase behavior and viscoelastic properties is necessary for optimizing the processing windows for such materials. Thermo‐structural and thermo‐rheological properties are investigated in a model nanocomposite system composed of a di‐block bottlebrush (dbBB) poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PtBA‐b‐PEO), complexed with surface functionalized zirconium oxide (ZrO2) NPs. The NPs selectively sequester into the microphase separated PEO domains through coordinated hydrogen bonding. Loading up to φ = 30 wt% NP is achieved, and the lamellar morphologies are stable in the melt state according to temperature controlled small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Systematic transitions in the linear viscoelasticity, determined by small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) suggest that at slow timescales, the NP superstructure inhibits the highly mobile relaxation processes inherent to the dbBB architecture. Further analysis of the relaxation time spectrum H(τ) is used to describe the constraint of such relaxation mechanisms. The structure–property relationships realized by SAOS and SAXS enable future manipulation of mechanical properties and processing of BBCP/NP composites for both established and emergent applications.
Effects of mis‐specified time‐correlated model error in the (ensemble) Kalman Smoother
Authors: Ren Haonan , Amezcua Javier , van Leeuwen Peter Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractData assimilation is often performed under the perfect model assumption. Although there is an increasing amount of research accounting for model errors in data assimilation, the impact of an incorrect specification of the model errors on the data assimilation results has not been thoroughly assessed. We investigate the effect that an inaccurate time correlation in the model error description can have on data assimilation results, deriving analytical results using a Kalman Smoother for a one‐dimensional system. The analytical results are evaluated numerically to generate useful illustrations. For a higher‐dimensional system, we use an ensemble Kalman Smoother. Strong dependence on observation density is found. For a single observation at the end of the window, the posterior variance is a concave function of the guessed decorrelation time‐scale used in the data assimilation process. This is due to an increasing prior variance with that time‐scale, combined with a decreasing tendency from larger observation influence. With an increasing number of observations, the posterior variance decreases with increasing guessed decorrelation time‐scale because the prior variance effect becomes less important. On the other hand, the posterior mean‐square error has a convex shape as a function of the guessed time‐scale with a minimum where the guessed time‐scale is equal to the real decorrelation time‐scale. With more observations, the impact of the difference between two decorrelation time‐scales on the posterior mean‐square error reduces. Furthermore, we show that the correct model error decorrelation time‐scale can be estimated over several time windows using state augmentation in the ensemble Kalman Smoother. Since model errors are significant and significantly time correlated in real geophysical systems such as the atmosphere, this contribution opens up a next step in improving prediction of these systems.
Revealing Dynamic Effects of Mobile Ions in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Using Time‐Resolved Microspectroscopy
Authors: Chen Weijian , Gan Zhixing , Green Martin A. , Jia Baohua , Wen Xiaoming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHalide perovskites are promising candidate materials for the next generation high‐efficiency optoelectronic devices. Since perovskites are electronic‐ionic mixed conductors, ion dynamics have a critical impact on the performance and stability of perovskite‐based applications. However, comprehensively understanding ionic dynamics is challenging, particularly on nanoscale imaging of ionic dynamics in perovskites. In this review, mobile ion dynamics in halide perovskites investigated via luminescence spectroscopy combined with confocal microscopy are discussed, including mobile ion induced fluorescence quenching, phase segregation in mixed halide hybrid perovskite, and mobile ion accumulation at the interface in perovskite devices. Steady‐state and time‐resolved luminescence imaging techniques, combined with confocal microscopy, are unique tools for probing ionic dynamics in perovskites, providing invaluable insights on ionic dynamics in nanoscale resolution, along with a wide temporal range from picoseconds to hours. The works in this review are not only for understanding mobile ions to improve the design of perovskite‐based devices but also foster the development of microspectroscopic methodologies in a broader solid‐state physics context of investigating ionic transports in polycrystalline materials.
Rapid and simultaneous analysis of advanced glycation end products on silica hydride column: Comparison of ultraviolet, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry detectors
Authors: Naffa Rafea , Gaar Jakob , Zhang Wenkai , Maidment Catherine , Shehadi Ihsan , Etxabide Alaitz , Holmes Geoff , Kavianinia Iman , Brimble Margaret 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlycation of collagen produces advanced glycation end products including pentosidine, glyoxal‐lysine dimer, and methylglyoxal‐lysine dimer. These products are markers for aging and associated with the development of several diseases. In this study, a rapid and simultaneous analytical method for pentosidine, glyoxal‐lysine dimer, and methylglyoxal‐lysine dimer was developed. The separation of advanced glycation end products was carried out on a silica hydride column using either acetonitrile or methanol in water with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid. A total run time of <5.5 min was achieved using isocratic elution and 11 min using gradient conditions. The gradient elution also allowed the rapid and simultaneous of collagen crosslinks and advanced glycation end products in one run. The eluted peaks were detected by mass spectrometry then the fragmentation was measured by tandem mass spectrometry to confirm their identity. The method developed herein was successfully applied to high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection. Although the ultraviolet detection sensitivity of glyoxal‐lysine and methylglyoxal‐lysine dimers is low, it is useful for preparative work for the collection of intact advanced glycation end‐products. This method was applied to several biological sample products and used to monitor the formation of glycation product in gelatin treated with glucose.
Combining metabolomics with bioanalysis methods to investigate the potential toxicity of dihexyl phthalate
Authors: Song Dan , Xu Chao , Holck Askild L. , Liu Rong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDihexyl phthalate (DHP) is one of the most commonly used phthalate esters in various plastic and consumer products. Human are inevitably exposed to DHPs. Although several animal and human experiments have revealed that DHP can cause multiple toxicities, few studies have previously assessed the effects of DHP exposure by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis combine with molecular biology methods on human cells. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of DHP on human cell metabolism by systems biology methods. In this study, U2OS cancer cells were treated with 10 μM DHP for metabolomics analysis and apoptosis analysis at indicate time. Metabolomic study of the metabolic changes caused by DHP in U2OS cells was performed for the first time using integrative liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐Q‐TOF‐MS). To investigate the possible reason of fatty acids level altered by DHP, we measured some key fatty acid synthesis and oxidation‐related enzyme expression levels by quantitative real‐time PCR (Q‐PCR). Apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and apoptosis‐related gene expressions were measured by Q‐PCR. 2′,7′‐Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) staining was used to evaluate ROS content. Partial least squares‐discriminate analysis (PLS‐DA) clearly showed that significant differences in metabolic profiles were observed in U2OS cells exposed to DHP compared with controls. A total of 58 putative metabolites in electrospray ionization source (ESI) + mode and 32 putative metabolites in ESI‐mode were detected, the majority of the differential metabolites being lipids and lipid‐like molecules. Among them, the altered fatty acids level corresponded to expression levels of genes encoding enzymes related to fatty acids synthesis and oxidation. Moreover, DHP induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, promoted cell apoptosis and inflammation, and resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis and inflammation‐related gene expression levels compared with controls. In summary, our results suggested that metabolomics combined with molecular bioanalysis methods could be an efficient tool to assess toxic effects, which contribute to explore the possible cytotoxicity mechanisms of DHP, and provide a basis for further research.
Rektale Endo-SPONGE®-Therapie bei retroperitonealem Hämatom nach komplexer Hämorrhoidektomie
Authors: Niemann Lea , Kahlke Volker , Reichert Benedikt , Becker Thomas , Pochhammer Julius 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie zirkuläre Hämorrhoidopexie ist eine häufig angewandte Operationstechnik bei fortgeschrittenem Hämorrhoidalleiden. Trotz der scheinbar technischen Einfachheit kann es in seltenen Fällen zu lebensbedrohlichen Komplikationen kommen. Es wird über den Fall einer Patientin berichtet, die durch eine Blutung aus der Klammernaht nach Hämorrhoidopexie ein retroperitoneales Hämatom mit konsekutiver Perforation der Klammernaht entwickelte. Eine solche Komplikation ist bislang kaum beschrieben worden. Entgegen ähnlicher Fälle konnte auf eine transabdominelle operative Sanierung verzichtet werden. Die perirektale Hämatomhöhle wurde erfolgreich durch die Einlage von rektalen Endo-SPONGEs® therapiert.
Herzinsuffizienzprotektion bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 durch SGLT2-Inhibitoren – Evidenzlage und mögliche Mechanismen
Authors: Rieth Andreas J. , Hamm Christian W. , Wanner Christoph , Mitrovic Veselin , Keller Till 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Hemmstoffe des renalen Natrium-Glukose-Kotransporters 2 („sodium glucose-linked transporter 2“; SGLT2i) scheinen außer der antidiabetischen auch eine kardioprotektive Wirkung zu besitzen; deren Mechanismus ist jedoch unklar.

Methoden
Selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed (Fokus Herzinsuffizienz und Wirkmechanismen).

Ergebnisse
Unter Therapie mit 3 der untersuchten Substanzen kam es im Vergleich mit Placebo zu weniger herzinsuffizienzbedingten Krankenhausaufenthalten, allerdings mit einer relativ hohen Anzahl von Behandlungen pro verhindertes Ereignis (72–117). Außer einer stärkeren Gewichtsabnahme und Blutdrucksenkung unter dem Verum gegenüber Placebo fiel eine Zunahme des kardioprotektiven Effekts bei stärker eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion auf.

Schlussfolgerung
Ein moderater herzinsuffizienzpräventiver Effekt von Hemmstoffen des renalen SGLT2 kann bei Diabetikern als gesichert gelten. Ein wesentlicher Wirkmechanismus beruht wahrscheinlich auf einem nephroprotektiven Effekt mit Modulation der kardiorenalen Interaktion, was jedoch weiterer Abklärung bedarf.
Management of transmodiolar and transmacular cochleovestibular schwannomas with and without cochlear implantation
Authors: Plontke S. K. , Caye-Thomasen P. , Strauss C. , Kösling S. , Götze G. , Siebolts U. , Vordermark D. , Wagner L. , Fröhlich L. , Rahne T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Hearing rehabilitation with cochlear implants has attracted increasing interest also for patients with cochleovestibular schwannoma. The authors report their experience with the surgical management of tumors with rare transmodiolar or transmacular extension and outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI).

Methods
This retrospective case series included nine patients with either primary intralabyrinthine tumors or secondary invasion of the inner ear from the internal auditory canal. The primary endpoint with CI, performed in six patients, was word recognition score at 65 dB SPL (sound pressure level). Secondary endpoints were intra- and postoperative electrophysiological parameters, impedance measures, the presence of a wave V in the electrically evoked (via the CI) auditory brainstem responses, the specifics of postoperative CI programming, and adverse events.

Results
Hearing rehabilitation with CI in cases of transmodiolar tumor growth could be achieved only with incomplete tumor removal, whereas tumors with transmacular growth could be completely removed. All six patients with CI had good word recognition scores for numbers in quiet conditions (80–100% at 65 dB SPL, not later than 6 to 12 months post CI activation). Four of these six patients achieved good to very good results for monosyllabic words within 1–36 months (65–85% at 65 dB SPL). The two other patients, however, had low scores for monosyllables at 6 months (25 and 15% at 65 dB SPL, respectively) with worsening of results thereafter.

Conclusions
Cochleovestibular schwannomas with transmodiolar and transmacular extension represent a rare entity with specific management requirements. Hearing rehabilitation with CI is a principal option in these patients.
Identification and cross-validation of genetic loci conferring resistance to Septoria nodorum blotch using a German multi-founder winter wheat population
Authors: Lin Min , Stadlmeier Melanie , Mohler Volker , Tan Kar-Chun , Ficke Andrea , Cockram James , Lillemo Morten 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Key message
We identified allelic variation at two major loci, QSnb.nmbu-2A.1 and QSnb.nmbu-5A.1, showing consistent and additive effects on SNB field resistance. Validation of QSnb.nmbu-2A.1 across genetic backgrounds further highlights its usefulness for marker-assisted selection.

Abstract
Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) is a disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum and T. durum) caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum. SNB resistance is a typical quantitative trait, controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) of minor effect. To achieve increased plant resistance, selection for resistance alleles and/or selection against susceptibility alleles must be undertaken. Here, we performed genetic analysis of SNB resistance using an eight-founder German Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) population, termed BMWpop. Field trials and greenhouse testing were conducted over three seasons in Norway, with genetic analysis identifying ten SNB resistance QTL. Of these, two QTL were identified over two seasons: QSnb.nmbu-2A.1 on chromosome 2A and QSnb.nmbu-5A.1 on chromosome 5A. The chromosome 2A BMWpop QTL co-located with a robust SNB resistance QTL recently identified in an independent eight-founder MAGIC population constructed using varieties released in the United Kingdom (UK). The validation of this SNB resistance QTL in two independent multi-founder mapping populations, regardless of the differences in genetic background and agricultural environment, highlights the value of this locus in SNB resistance breeding. The second robust QTL identified in the BMWpop, QSnb.nmbu-5A.1, was not identified in the UK MAGIC population. Combining resistance alleles at both loci resulted in additive effects on SNB resistance. Therefore, using marker assisted selection to combine resistance alleles is a promising strategy for improving SNB resistance in wheat breeding. Indeed, the multi-locus haplotypes determined in this study provide markers for efficient tracking of these beneficial alleles in future wheat genetics and breeding activities.
Pediatric Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Experience in a Tertiary Care Referral Center in a Developing Country Over Three Decades
Authors: Sharanappa Vikram , Mishra Anjali , Bhatia Vijayalakshmi , Mayilvagnan Sabaretnam , Chand Gyan , Agarwal Gaurav , Agarwal Amit , Mishra Saroj Kanta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited experience in managing pediatric primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical presentation and outcome of surgery in children with PHPT managed at a tertiary referral center.MethodsThis retrospective study (September 1989–August 2019) consisted of 35 pediatric PHPT patients (< 18 years) who underwent parathyroidectomy. Clinico‐pathologic profile and outcome were noted.ResultsThe mean age of cohort was 15.2±2.9 years and girls outnumbered boys (M:F = 1:1.9). Familial and symptomatic disease was noted in 8.5 and 94.3% cases, respectively. Skeletal manifestations (83%) were the commonest followed by renal (29%). Fifty‐four percent children had skeletal fractures, and 23% were bed‐ridden. Among rare manifestations, hypercalcemic crisis, recurrent pancreatitis and stigmata of rickets were observed in 2.8, 11.4 and 14.2% children, respectively. Mean calcium concentration was 12.1 ± 2.0 mg/dl and PTH 91.8 ± 66.5 pmol/L. The sensitivity of preoperative imaging in parathyroid localization was 91.4%. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) was performed in 40% cases. Parathyroid adenoma was observed in 91.4% patients, whereas remaining had hyperplasia. Thirty‐four percent suffered from Hungry bone syndrome in postoperative period. The cure rate following primary surgery was 97%. One child with persistent PHPT had successful re‐operation. Median follow‐up was 5 (1–17) years, and no recurrence or familial disease was revealed during this period.ConclusionMajority of pediatric patients present with symptomatic PHPT. Despite relatively high incidence of familial disease select pediatric patients can undergo successful MIP.