bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wanneer flankpijn op de zenuwen werkt: een nieuwe diagnose?
Authors: Vrooman Olaf. P. J. , van Balken Michael R. 
Published: September 2020

SamenvattingWanneer patiënten worden verwezen met flankpijn, zet de uroloog meestal laboratorium- en beeldvormend onderzoek in om pathologie aan de nieren en urinewegen aan te tonen of uit te sluiten. Bij een subgroep van patiënten kan geen afwijking worden aangetoond, wat in sommige gevallen leidt tot overmatige diagnostiek. Veelal is er weinig aandacht geweest voor een op de pijn gerichte anamnese en lichamelijk onderzoek. Aan de hand van twee ziektegeschiedenissen en literatuur willen we een ‘nieuwe’ diagnose van flankpijn onder de aandacht brengen.
Influence of arc energy and filler metal composition on the microstructure in wire arc additive manufacturing of duplex stainless steels
Authors: Wittig Benjamin , Zinke Manuela , Jüttner Sven 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe influence of arc energy and filler metal composition on the microstructure of additively welded thin-walled structures of duplex stainless steels was investigated using different commercially available standard and superduplex solid wire electrodes commonly used today. As welding process, the cold metal transfer (CMT) process was used. The arc energy and cooling rate were varied by adjusting the wire feed and welding speed. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and carrier gas melt extraction (CGME) were used to determine the chemical composition of the specimens. The ferrite content was determined both by magnetic induction and by image analysis as a function of the wall height. In addition, the microsections were examined for intermetallic phases and precipitations. Moreover, corrosion tests were carried out according to ASTM G 48, Method A. The results indicate that an increase in arc energy leads to longer t12/8 cooling times. Depending on the filler metal composition, this leads to ferrite contents that are partially outside the values required according to ISO 17781. Furthermore, precipitates of secondary austenite are often found, which is attributed to the multiple reheating by the subsequent layers.
The asymmetric effects of 20 years of tariff reforms on Egyptian workers
Authors: Giovannetti Giorgia , Marvasi Enrico , Vivoli Arianna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAfter more than two decades of trade liberalization, faced with deep structural problems which were exacerbated by the 2008 financial crisis and culminated in the 2011 Spring Revolution and government change, in 2016 Egypt started to protect some sectors from foreign competition. This paper assesses how tariff reforms during the 1998–2018 period affected the Egyptian labour market by focusing on real wages and job stability (i.e. having a permanent position). The empirical analysis is carried out on worker-level data from the available four waves of Egyptian Labour Market Panel Survey (ELMPS), including the recently released 2018 wave. We find that higher tariff protection tends to worsen labour market conditions, both lowering real wages and decreasing the probability of finding a stable job. Furthermore, tariff changes show remarkable asymmetries. There is a negative and significant correlation between tariffs increases and real wages, while the positive impact of tariff reductions turns out to be negligible and insignificant. Our findings support the view that in Egypt protectionism hampered working conditions, contributing to inequality, while liberalizations did not improve nor deteriorate them.
Cognitive-Affective Factors and Female Orgasm: A Comparative Study on Women with and Without Orgasm Difficulties
Authors: Moura Catarina V. , Tavares Inês M. , Nobre Pedro J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Orgasmic difficulties are one of the most common sexual complaints among women. Although models of sexual dysfunction propose that cognitive-affective factors are involved in the development and maintenance of sexual difficulties, there is a need to further examine how these factors are associated with orgasmic difficulties specifically.

Aim
To analyze differences between women who reported orgasm difficulties and controls in regard to sexual inhibition, sexual excitation, sexual beliefs, as well as negative automatic thoughts and affect during sexual activity.

Methods
A total of 500 women, aged 18 to 72 years, completed a Web survey focused on cognitive-affective factors and sexual health. Two hundred fifty women reported orgasm difficulties and were compared with 250 age-matched women who reported no sexual difficulties.

Outcomes
Differences between groups regarding sexual inhibition and sexual excitation (Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales–Short Form), sexual beliefs (Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire), negative automatic thoughts (Automatic Thoughts Subscale of the Sexual Modes Questionnaire), and affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) during sexual activity.

Results
Women with orgasm difficulties scored higher on sexual inhibition than controls. They also reported more negative automatic thoughts during sexual activity (concerning failure and disengagement, sexual abuse, lack of affection from partner, passivity, body image) and less erotic thoughts. Women with orgasm difficulties reported experiencing higher negative affect and lower positive affect during sexual activity than women who reported no sexual difficulties. No significant differences were found regarding sexual excitation and endorsement of sexual beliefs.

Clinical Implications
Helping women shift their focus from non-erotic, negative thoughts to erotic stimuli, as well as addressing sexual inhibition, can be relevant targets of interventions aimed at women's orgasm difficulties.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths of the study include the use of a large sample of women who reported orgasm difficulties, offering new insights into the clinical importance of these psychological processes. Limitations include the reliance on self-report measures and a relatively homogeneous sample regarding sexual orientation, education, and age.

Conclusion
Results highlight the role of cognitive-affective factors on women's orgasm difficulties and emphasize the potential benefit of cognitive-behavioral and/or mindfulness interventions for orgasm difficulties.
Off-equilibrium linearisation-based nonlinear control of turbojet enginese with sum-of-squares programming
Authors: Tang Y. , Li Y. , Cui T. , Zheng Y. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIn conventional linear parameter-varying (LPV) modelling and gain scheduling control design for turbojet engines, the linearisation is performed at a set of equilibrium points, and the validity of such LPV models is ensured near the equilibria. However, the linear model can only provide an approximate description of the engine’s state when the system operates away from equilibrium. In this paper, it is suggested that such linearisation should be carried out not only at equilibrium states but also in transient (off-equilibrium) operating regimes. This will result in a global approximation to the system states whether equilibrium or off-equilibrium. Theoretically, the transient control performance can be improved by introducing such an off-equilibrium linearisation-based control procedure. Subsequently, a gain scheduling control procedure based on off-equilibrium linearisation models is proposed by using sum-of-squares (SOS) programming, which, compared with many convex programming methods, can provide less conservative results. The resulting off-equilibrium linearisation-based nonlinear control procedure with SOS programming can capture a wide range of transient engine dynamics with better accuracy, and further achieve better control performance.
Pediatric Functional Movement Disorders: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Rakesh Kempaiah , Kamble Nitish , Yadav Ravi , Bhattacharya Amitabh , Holla Vikram V. , Netravathi Manjunath , Seshadri Shekhar , Pal Pramod Kumar 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT:Objectives:Functional movement disorders (FMDs) pose significant diagnostic and management challenges. We aimed to study the socioeconomic and cultural factors, underlying psychopathology and the phenomenology of FMDs in children.Methods:The study is a retrospective chart review of 39 children (16 girls and 23 boys) who attended our neurology OPD and the movement disorders clinic at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) between January 2011 and May 2020. The diagnosis of FMD was based on Fahn and Williams criteria and the patients were either diagnosed as “documented” or “clinically established”. All the relevant demographic data including the ethnicity, socioeconomic and cultural background, examination findings, electrophysiological, and other investigations were retrieved from the medical records.Results:The mean age at onset was 12.69 ± 3.13 years. Majority of the children were from urban regions (56.41%) and belonging to low socioeconomic status (46.15%). Thirty (76.92%) were found to have a precipitating factor. Myoclonus was the most common phenomenology observed in these patients (30.76%), followed by tremor (20.51%), dystonia (17.94%), and gait abnormality (7.69%). Chorea (5.12%) and tics (2.56%) were uncommon. Tremor (37.5%) and dystonia (18.75%) were more common in girls, whereas myoclonus (39.13%) was more common in boys.Conclusions:The symptoms of FMD have great impact on the mental health, social, and academic functioning of children. It is important to identify the precipitating factors and associated psychiatric comorbidities in these children as prompt alleviation of these factors by engaging parents and the child psychiatrist will yield better outcomes.
Physical health interventions for patients who have experienced a first episode of psychosis: a narrative review
Authors: Fouhy Fergal , Cullen Walter , O’Connor Karen 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:Service users with severe psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, are more likely to suffer from ill health. There is evidence that lifestyle interventions, for example, exercise, dietary advice and smoking cessation programmes for service users with severe mental illness can be of health benefit. This review was carried out to identify the literature pertaining to physical health interventions for service users who have experienced a first-episode psychosis (FEP), to examine the nature of the interventions which were carried out and to assess these interventions in terms of feasibility and efficacy.Methods:A narrative review was conducted in August 2019 by searching ‘Pubmed’ and ‘Embase’ electronic databases. Studies investigating the effect a physical health intervention had on service users who had experienced a FEP were included in the review.Results:Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria: 12 quantitative studies and 3 qualitative. Exercise, dietary advice, smoking cessation and motivational coaching were some of the physical health interventions utilised in the identified studies. Positive effects were seen in terms of physical health markers wherever they were investigated, particularly when the intervention was delivered early. The impact on psychiatric symptoms and longer-term impacts on health were less frequently assessed.Conclusions:Physical health interventions have a positive impact on service users who have experienced a FEP. More research is warranted in this area in Ireland. These studies should include controls, have longer follow-up periods and should assess the impact on psychiatric health.
Direct and maternal reduced balanced protein diet influences the liver transcriptome in chickens
Authors: Schroyen M. , Lesuisse J. , Lamberigts C. , Schallier S. , Li C. , Buyse J. , Everaert N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate, by means of RNA sequencing, the direct and transgenerational effect of a reduced balanced protein (RP) diet on broiler breeder metabolism. Chickens of the F0 generation were fed a control (C) or RP diet, and their F1 progeny was fed a C or RP diet as well, resulting in four groups of chickens: C/C, C/RP, RP/C and RP/RP. While both direct and maternal effects were seen on body weight, breast muscle weight and abdominal fat weight in the F1 generation, the direct effect was the most dominant one. The liver transcriptome in the F1 generation showed that amino acid metabolism was up-regulated in chickens that received the control feed when compared with their respective contemporaries that received the reduced protein diet. Interestingly, chickens hatched from control-fed hens but reared on the reduced protein diet (C/RP group) activated a fatty acid metabolism, expressing more fatty acid desaturase 1 gene, fatty acid desaturase 2 gene and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 2 gene, when compared with control-fed chickens hatched from control-fed hens (C/C group), while chickens hatched from reduced protein-fed hens that received themselves the same reduced protein diet (RP/RP group) triggered their glucose metabolism more, showing elevated levels of phosphofructokinase gene, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphospatase 4 and fructose-biphosphate aldolase C mRNA compared with the chickens hatched from reduced protein-fed hens but reared on a control diet (RP/C group). This suggests that the maternal protein diet has an impact on the metabolism of broilers when they are reared on a RP diet.
Understanding hard-to-reach communities: local perspectives and experiences of trachoma control among the pastoralist Maasai in northern Tanzania
Authors: Mtuy Tara B. , Bardosh Kevin , Ngondi Jeremiah , Mwingira Upendo , Seeley Janet , Burton Matthew , Lees Shelley 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs progress to eliminate trachoma is made, addressing hard-to-reach communities becomes of greater significance. Areas in Tanzania, inhabited by the Maasai, remain endemic for trachoma. This study assessed the effectiveness of Mass Drug Administration (MDA) through an ethnographic study of trachoma amongst a Maasai community. The MDA experience in the context of the livelihoods of the Maasai in a changing political economy was explored using participant observation and household interviews. Factors influencing MDA effectiveness within five domains were analysed. 1) Terrain of intervention: Human movement hindered MDA, including seasonal migration, domestic chores, grazing and school. Encounters with wildlife were significant. 2) Socio-cultural factors and community agency: Norms around pregnancy led women to accept the drug but hide refusal to swallow the drug. Timing of Community Drug Distributor (CDD) visits conflicted with livestock grazing. Refusals occurred among the ilmurrani age group and older women. Mistrust significantly hindered uptake of drugs. 3) Strategies and motivation of drug distributors: Maa-speaking CDDs were critical to effective drug delivery. Maasai CDDs, whilst motivated, faced challenges of distances, encounters with wildlife and compensation. 4) Socio-materiality of technology: Decreases in side-effects over years have improved trust in the drug. Restrictions to swallowing drugs and/or water were relevant to post-partum women and the ilmurrani. 5) History and health governance: Whilst perceptions of the programme were positive, communities questioned government priorities for resources for hospitals, medicines, clean water and roads. They complained of a lack of information and involvement of community members in health care services. With elimination in sight, hard-to-reach communities are paramount as these are probably the last foci of infection. Effective delivery of MDA programmes in such communities requires a critical understanding of community experiences and responses that can inform tailored approaches to trachoma control. Application of a critical social science perspective should be embedded in planning and evaluation of all NTD programmes.
Habitat suitability for primate conservation in north-east Brazil
Authors: Moraes Bárbara , Razgour Orly , Souza-Alves João Pedro , Boubli Jean P. , Bezerra Bruna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBrazil has a high diversity of primates, but increasing anthropogenic pressures and climate change could influence forest cover in the country and cause future changes in the distribution of primate populations. Here we aim to assess the long-term suitability of habitats for the conservation of three threatened Brazilian primates (Alouatta belzebul,Sapajus flaviusandSapajus libidinosus) through (1) estimating their current and future distributions using species distribution models, (2) evaluating how much of the areas projected to be suitable is represented within protected areas and priority areas for biodiversity conservation, and (3) assessing the extent of remaining forest cover in areas predicted to be suitable for these species. We found that 88% of the suitable areas are outside protected areas and only 24% are located in areas with forest cover. Although not within protected areas, 27% of the climatically suitable areas are considered priority areas for conservation. Future projections, considering a severe climate change scenario, indicate thatA. belzebul,S. flaviusandS. libidinosusmay lose up to 94, 98 and 54% of their suitable range, respectively. The establishment of primate populations and their long-term survival in these areas are at risk. Mitigation actions such as the implementation of new protected areas, forest restoration and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions will be essential for the conservation of Brazilian primates.
Cryptosporidium rattin. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) and genetic diversity ofCryptosporidiumspp. in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the Czech Republic
Authors: Ježková Jana , Prediger Jitka , Holubová Nikola , Sak Bohumil , Konečný Roman , Feng Yaoyu , Xiao Lihua , Rost Michael , McEvoy John , Kváč Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe diversity and biology ofCryptosporidiumthat is specific for rats (Rattusspp.) are not well studied. We examined the occurrence and genetic diversity ofCryptosporidiumspp. in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/sequencing targeting the small subunit rDNA (SSU), actin andHSP70 genes. Out of 343 faecal samples tested, none were positive by microscopy and 55 were positive by PCR. Sequence analysis ofSSUgene revealed the presence ofCryptosporidium muris(n= 4),C. andersoni(n= 3),C. ryanae(n= 1),C. occultus(n= 3),Cryptosporidiumrat genotype I (n= 23),Cryptosporidiumrat genotype IV (n= 16) and novelCryptosporidiumrat genotype V (n= 5). Spherical oocysts ofCryptosporidiumrat genotype I obtained from naturally-infected rats, measuring 4.4–5.4μm × 4.3–5.1μm, were infectious to the laboratory rats, but not to the BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) nor Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The prepatent period was 3 days post infection and the patent period was longer than 30 days. Naturally- and experimentally-infected rats showed no clinical signs of disease. Percentage of nucleotide similarities at theSSU, actin,HSP70 loci betweenC. rattin. sp. and the rat derivedC. occultusandCryptosporidiumrat genotype II, III, IV, and V ranged from 91.0 to 98.1%. These genetic variations were similar or greater than that observed between closely related species, i.e.C. parvumandC. erinacei(93.2–99.5%). Our morphological, genetic and biological data support the establishment ofCryptosporidiumrat genotype I as a new species,Cryptosporidium rattin. sp.
First report ofTrypanosoma dionisii(Trypanosomatidae) identified in Australia
Authors: Austen Jill M. , Van Kampen Esther , Egan Siobhon L. , O'Dea Mark A. , Jackson Bethany , Ryan Una M. , Irwin Peter J. , Prada Diana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTrypanosomes are blood-borne parasites that can infect a variety of different vertebrates, including animals and humans. This study aims to broaden scientific knowledge about the presence and biodiversity of trypanosomes in Australian bats. Molecular and morphological analysis was performed on 86 blood samples collected from seven different species of microbats in Western Australia. Phylogenetic analysis on 18S rDNA andglycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase(gGAPDH) sequences identifiedTrypanosoma dionisiiin five different Australian native species of microbats;Chalinolobus gouldii, Chalinolobus morio, Nyctophilus geoffroyi, Nyctophilus majorandScotorepens balstoni. In addition, two novels, genetically distinctT. dionisiigenotypes were detected and namedT. dionisiigenotype Aus 1 andT. dionisiigenotype Aus 2. Genotype Aus 2 was the most prevalent and infected 20.9% (18/86) of bats in the present study, while genotype Aus 1 was less prevalent and was identified in 5.8% (5/86) of Australian bats. Morphological analysis was conducted on trypomastigotes identified in blood films, with morphological parameters consistent with trypanosome species in the subgenusSchizotrypanum.This is the first report ofT. dionisiiin Australia and in Australian native bats, which further contributes to the global distribution of this cosmopolitan bat trypanosome.
Northern Ireland farm-level management factors for prolonged bovine tuberculosis herd breakdowns
Authors: Doyle L. P. , Courcier E. A. , Gordon A. W. , O'Hagan M. J. H. , Johnston P. , McAleese E. , Buchanan J. R. , Stegeman J. A. , Menzies F. D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study determined farm management factors associated with long-duration bovine tuberculosis (bTB) breakdowns disclosed in the period 23 May 2016 to 21 May 2018; a study area not previously subject to investigation in Northern Ireland. A farm-level epidemiological investigation (n = 2935) was completed when one or more Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Test (SICCT) reactors or when one or more confirmed (positive histological and/or bacteriological result) lesion at routine slaughter were disclosed. A case-control study design was used to construct an explanatory set of management factors associated with long-duration bTB herd breakdowns; with a case (n = 191) defined as an investigation into a breakdown of 365 days or longer. Purchase of infected animal(s) had the strongest association as the most likely source of infection for long-duration bTB herd breakdowns followed by badgers and then cattle-to-cattle contiguous herd spread. However, 73.5% (95% CI 61.1–85.9%) of the herd type contributing to the purchase of infection source were defined as beef fattening herds. This result demonstrates two subpopulations of prolonged bTB breakdowns, the first being beef fattening herds with main source continuous purchase of infected animals and a second group of primary production herds (dairy, beef cows and mixed) with risk from multiple sources.
Eigenvalues and triangles in graphs
Authors: Lin Huiqiu , Ning Bo , Wu Baoyindureng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBollobás and Nikiforov (J. Combin. Theory Ser. B.97 (2007) 859–865) conjectured the following. If G is a Kr+1-free graph on at least r+1 vertices and m edges, then ${\rm{\lambda }}_1^2(G) + {\rm{\lambda }}_2^2(G) \le (r - 1)/r \cdot 2m$, where λ1 (G)and λ2 (G) are the largest and the second largest eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix A(G), respectively. In this paper we confirm the conjecture in the case r=2, by using tools from doubly stochastic matrix theory, and also characterize all families of extremal graphs. Motivated by classic theorems due to Erdös and Nosal respectively, we prove that every non-bipartite graph of order and size contains a triangle if one of the following is true: (i) ${{\rm{\lambda }}_1}(G) \ge \sqrt {m - 1} $ and $G \ne {C_5} \cup (n - 5){K_1}$, and (ii) ${{\rm{\lambda }}_1}(G) \ge {{\rm{\lambda }}_1}(S({K_{[(n - 1)/2],[(n - 1)/2]}}))$ and $G \ne S({K_{[(n - 1)/2],[(n - 1)/2]}})$, where $S({K_{[(n - 1)/2],[(n - 1)/2]}})$ is obtained from ${K_{[(n - 1)/2],[(n - 1)/2]}}$ by subdividing an edge. Both conditions are best possible. We conclude this paper with some open problems.