bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Investigation of Sn-0.7Cu Pb-Free Solder in Open-Circuit and Polarized Conditions
Authors: Aziz Mohd Zohirul Haziq , Zainon Nasihah , Mohamad Ahmad Azmin , Nazeri Muhammad Firdaus Mohd 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The corrosion performance of Sn-0.7Cu solder alloy was investigated in 1 M hydrochloride acid by means of open-circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. In open-circuit potential measurement, the potential showed almost constant reading after achieving potential -550 mV, consistent with single dissolution peak observed in potentiodynamic polarization. This revealed single element dissolution process of Sn took place. Supporting morphological and phase analyses were done by using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Phase analysis confirmed the corrosion product are SnO and SnO2. Morphological analysis showed two type of oxide layer formed as corrosion product, which are compact oxide layer and loose rod-like oxide layer after polarization, while rod-like corrosion product was diminished in open-circuit condition. This indicate that complete protection from further corrosion was impossible due to the incomplete passivation layer formation in potentiodynamic polarization.
Structural and dimensional analysis of LDPE/TPS blend filled with calcium carbonate
Authors: Halim Anis Adila Ab , Wahab Mohamad Kahar Ab 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigates the changes in structural, thermal stability and water absorption properties of thermoplastic starch (TPS) before and after modification with citric acid and ascorbic acid. The first stage of study involved the preparation of TPS from native potato starch. Starch will be converted into thermoplastic like in the presence of glycerol as plasticizer. For the second stage, LDPE was blended with TPS to produce LDPE/TPS blend with and without modification. Then, the influence of calcium carbonate as particulate filler on the properties of LDPE/TPS blends was also investigated. Structural findings based on the FTIR analysis showed the formation of new ester bond on the TPS backbone after the modification, which correspond to the formation of crosslinking network in TPS phase. Water absorption test was used to determine the effectiveness of TPS modification in term of physical interaction between the phases.
The Effect of Polypropylene Grafted Maleic Anhydride on the Polypropylene / Natural Rubber Blends Filled with Cyperus Odoratus
Authors: Abidin Norfatulikmah Zainal , Wahab Mohamad Kahar Ab 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new thermoplastic blend was developed by using polypropylene (PP) with natural rubber (NR) as the base material. The natural filler is added to enhance the properties of PP/NR blend. Two series of blends under varying conditions were prepared and investigated. The first series was to compare the properties of PP/NR blend with diferent filler loading. Second is to investigate the effect of polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-MAH) on the properties of PP/NR blend filled with Cyperus Odoratus. Process development, tensile properties, thermal analysis, FTIR analysis and morphological characterization of blends were investigated with the variation of the conditions of the blend. The increasing filler loading decrease the tensile properties of the PP/NR blend as support by morphology study of the PP/NR blends. Icorporation of PP-MAH was resulted in improved tensile and thermal properties compared to uncompatibilized counterparts. The increament in tensile strength was confirmed by the SEM study that showed better dispersion of NR in the PP matrix and improved adhesion between the two phases.
Failure Analysis on U-Bend Header Tube of Boiler Economizer
Authors: Hayazi Nur Farhana , Shamsudin Shaiful Rizam , Wardan Rajaselan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A water tube boiler is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated externally by fire. It was found that the water tube economizers are often subject to the serious damage mainly because of the overheating and corrosion. Thus, the metallurgical investigation procedures starts with the visual inspection, stereomicroscopy, metallography and chemical analysis methods. It was identified that the failure of the u-bend tube was due to the cracking caused by bending forces during the procedures. This cracking causes a leak for the tube. The appearance of corrosion on the shell side is due to the presence of small content of sulphur under the boiler environment. Several welding imperfections were also detected, however, both corrosion and welding imperfections were not the primary caused of the tube failure. From the analysis, the use of SUS304 grade stainless steel was discovered to be the appropriate material selection for the tube boiler.
Preparation of a Visible light Active N-doped TiO2 Photocatalyst using Microwave Irradiation Technique
Authors: Nawawi Wan Izhan , Razak Sharin , Fazeri  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The dye wastewater which directly discharges without treatment process will affect the environment. The semiconductor like titanium dioxide (TiO2) has gained attention as most potential material for photocatalysis process to treat the dye wastewater with act as photocatalyst. However, this semiconductor has their limitation toward the photodegradation under visible light irradiation. In this study, TiO2 has been modified by doping with nitrogen (N) to improve the effectiveness under visible light irradiation. This simple prepared N-doped TiO2 was prepared by mixing of TiO2 powder with urea as N precursor under microwave irradiation instead of using muffle furnace as heating media. The nitogen was chemically bonded with TiO2 as proven by XPS analysis. N-doped TiO2 sample show active under visible light irradiation due to lower band gaps energy of sample observed by UV/Vis-DRS. An active photo response under visible light was observed from N-doped TiO2 with 80 minutes time irradiation to complete the reactive red 4 (RR4) color removal, while no photocatalytic degradation was observed from unmodified TiO2 under the same irradiation.
The mixture material of dried straw and kapok for acoustic treatment for UTeM mosque
Authors: Ismail Mohd Muzafar , Razak Jeefferie Abd , Junid Ramli , Khalid NorAisah , Arith Faiz , Said Maizatul Alice Meor 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The acoustical requirements in terms of intelligibility and liveliness are dissimilar for both of sounds-recitation and speech on religious subjects at UTeM mosque. To attain an overall satisfactory acoustical performance, it is significant to find an optimum Reverberation Time (RT) and the best directivity, which is the major factors affecting intelligibility and liveliness. This experiment is conduct to gauge the effect of RT by making it a variable, while keeping other factors as non-variable and fulfilling ideal conditions for maximum intelligibility. Bearing in mind, the acoustical problems always occurred in any communication building. To improve the problem, this paper presents the new idea of improvement by using biodegradable sound absorber materials which is the mixture of dried rice straw and kapok.
Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Recycled HDPE and LDPE Plastic Wastes
Authors: Murat Bibi Intan Suraya , Kamalruzaman Muhammad Syarifuddin , Azman Mohamad Hafiz Nor , Misroh Muhamad Fazlee 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Most plastic materials can be recycled, and turning them into some useful products can be one of the options in reducing environmental pollutions. In this project, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) were used, shredded into smaller pieces and were hot-pressed to become flat plates. Both materials were then mixed with industrial waste sawdust with an aim to investigate their material properties and their suitability to be used in domestic applications such as bricks, pavement and roof tiles. Three destructive and one non-destructive methods have been conducted: tensile, impact, water absorption and ultrasonic testing. It was found that the tensile properties and impact resistance of the recycled HDPE are better than the recycled LDPE, but 10% lower than their virgin polymers. Higher stiffness and lower impact resistance were observed from specimens with additional sawdust filler in comparison to their original polymers. From the ultrasonic measurement, higher wave velocity and lower attenuation in HDPE specimens were observed, compared to the LDPE specimens, attributed by a higher modulus and density of the HDPE specimens. The ultrasonic velocity, which reflects the elastic modulus, and the attenuation that reflect the microstructure inhomogeneity are respectively decreased and increased when more fillers were added to the original specimens. This study reveals that the mechanical properties of the recycled HDPE and LDPE are closer to their virgin materials, and they have huge potential for plastic recycling.
Effect of Different Filler Loading on Flexural Properties and Water Absorption Behavior of Kenaf Core Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite
Authors: Mustapa Nur Rusyidah , Rozyanty A. R. , Pisal Mohd Hanif Mohd 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this investigation, kenaf core fiber (KCF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite was prepared via extrusion and compression moulding. The effect of different ratio of KCF filler with PP on flexural properties of composite had been investigated. PP and KCF filler were prepared with different filler loading of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt% using twin-screw extruder at temperature 180 ºC and rotor speed of 70 rpm, followed by compression moulding at the same temperature. The flexural tests were conducted to evaluate the flexural properties of the composite. The results obtained showed that the incorporation of KCF in PP increased the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composite. The water absorption behaviour of the composite was also investigated. It was found that water absorption of composites increased with increasing of fiber content.
Review on the effect of Gallium in solder alloy
Authors: Ervina Efzan M.N , Nur Faziera M.N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Soldering is a well-known metallurgical joining method that uses a filler metal, the solder, with a melting point below 425°C. The trends toward to miniaturization in microelectronic packaging industries have motivated the development of high performance lead-free solders. However, the properties of the lead free solder cannot match the properties of lead solder. To overcome this problem, a dopant is added to the based lead free solder. In this paper, review on the effect of Gallium as doped was discussed.
Accessible dynamic micropatterns in monolayer cultures via modified desktop xurography
Authors: Tran Raymond , Hoesli Corinne A , Moraes Christopher 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Micropatterned cell cultures provide an important tool to understand dynamic biological processes, but often require specialized equipment and expertise. Here we present subtractive bioscribing (SuBscribing), a readily accessible and inexpensive technique to generate dynamic micropatterns in biomaterial monolayers on-the-fly. We first describe our modifications to a commercially available desktop xurographer and demonstrate the utility and limits of this system in creating micropatterned cultures by mechanically scribing patterns into a brittle, non-adhesive biomaterial layer. Patterns are sufficiently small to influence cell morphology and orientation and can be extended to pattern large areas with complex reproducible shapes. We also demonstrate the use of this system as a dynamic patterning tool for cocultures. Finally, we use this technique to explore and improve upon the well-established epithelial scratch assay, and demonstrate that robotic control of the scratching tool can be used to create custom-shaped wounds in epithelial monolayers, and that the scribing direction leaves trace remnants of matrix molecules that may significantly affect conventional implementations of this common assay.
Origin of the complex Raman tensor elements in single-layer triclinic ReSe2
Authors: Resende Geovani C , Ribeiro Guilherme A S , Silveira Orlando J , Lemos Jessica S , Brant Juliana C , Rhodes Daniel , Balicas Luis , Terrones Mauricio , Mazzoni Mario S C , Fantini Cristiano , Carvalho Bruno R , Pimenta Marcos A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Low symmetry 2D materials offer an alternative for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices which are sensitive to light polarization. The investigation of electron–phonon interactions in these materials is essential since they affect the electrical conductivity. Raman scattering probes light–matter and electron–phonon interactions, and their anisotropies are described by the Raman tensor. The tensor elements can have complex values, but the origin of this behavior in 2D materials is not yet well established. In this work, we studied a single-layer triclinic ReSe2 by angle-dependent polarized Raman spectroscopy. The obtained values of the Raman tensor elements for each mode can be understood by considering a new coordinate system, which determines the physical origin of the complex nature of the Raman tensor elements. Our results are explained in terms of anisotropy of the electron–phonon coupling relevant to the engineering of new optoelectronic devices based on low-symmetry 2D materials.
Influence of helium ion irradiation on the morphology and microstructure of CN-G01 beryllium
Authors: Luo Xiaofang , Gong Baoping , Wang Long , Cui Minghuan , Feng Yongjin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Beryllium is considered as a candidate of ITER first-wall (FW) armor and neutron multiplier in fusion reactors. To assess the irradiation resistance of CN-G01 beryllium, which has been accepted as an alternative ITER-grade beryllium in China, 180 keV helium ions with fluences of 1.0 × 1017 ions cm−2, 5.0 × 1017 ions cm−2 and 1.0 × 1018 ions cm−2 were implanted at room temperature. The theoretical simulation of energy loss, damage distribution and helium concentration were proceeded by SRIM. In this paper, we report the experimental exploration of ion fluence effect on surface morphology and microstructure of irradiated samples. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) analysis depicted the formation and growth of helium bubbles at different irradiation ion fluences. No obvious exfoliation or cavities was observed on the surface at all ion fluences, suggesting a reliable radiation resistance of CN-G01 beryllium. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) morphology showed that the maximum height of bubbles was 47.8 nm. Surface roughness values increased slightly due to the formation of defects and bubbles on the irradiated beryllium surface. Nevertheless, the structural analysis demonstrated by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD), indicated an obvious preferred orientation on (101) peak at various ion fluences. Annihilation of defects caused by a small rise of the localized temperature could explain the increasing intensity of diffraction peak (101).
Turbulent boundary layer control with a spanwise array of DBD plasma actuators
Authors: LI Yueqiang , GAO Chao , WU Bin , WANG Yushuai , ZHENG Haibo , XUE Ming , WANG Yuling 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The turbulent boundary layer control on NACA 0012 airfoil with Mach number ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 by a spanwise array of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators by hot-film sensor technology is investigated. Due to temperature change mainly caused through heat produced along with plasma will lead to measurement error of shear stress measured by hot-film sensor, the correction method that takes account of the change measured by another sensor is used and works well. In order to achieve the value of shear stress change, we combine computational fluid dynamics computation with experiment to calibrate the hot-film sensor. To test the stability of the hot-film sensor, seven repeated measurements of shear stress at Ma = 0.3 are conducted and show that confidence interval of hot-film sensor measurement is from −0.18 to 0.18 Pa and the root mean square is 0.11 Pa giving a relative error 0.5% over all Mach numbers in this experiment. The research on the turbulent boundary layer control with DBD plasma actuators demonstrates that the control makes shear stress increase by about 6% over the three Mach numbers, which is thought to be reliable through comparing it with the relative error 0.5%, and the value is hardly affected by burst frequency and excitation voltage.
Deep reinforcement learning for tiled aperture beam combining in a simulated environment
Authors: Tünnermann Henrik , Shirakawa Akira 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coherent beam combining is a method for combining multiple emitters into one high power beam by means of relative phase stabilization. Usually, modulation or interferometric techniques are used to generate an error signal. This is relatively complicated and expensive. Especially in the case of tiled aperture combining the beam profile is usually monitored anyway. This beam profile should contain most of the information necessary for the stabilization as well but is usually not used because it is difficult to explicitly derive the correct actions from just the far-field image. Here we show that it is possible to derive a suitable control policy without any explicit modeling using deep reinforcement learning in a simulated environment.
Reckoning with Indigenous Solidarity
Authors: Suzack Cheryl 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Solidarity with Indigenous land-based struggles, such as the #NoDAPL movement, reminds us that political affiliations cross racial lines, transcending aspects of tribal and national identity and community attachment. But does solidarity operate according to the politics of sameness, as in unwavering support for the political terrain demarcated by social justice struggles, or is there room among its many manifestations for opposition and challenge? The three books that comprise this review essay explore the tensions associated with enacting solidarity as they reflect on the social and cultural possibilities represented by Indigenous justice struggles. Their investments in examining the political stakes of solidarity—in the Oceti Sakowin’s resistance to the Dakota Access Pipeline Project, in Afrofuturist and Indigenous speculative fiction that traces the boundary between Black and Indigenous political formations, and in the tensions that exist among American Indian writing from the interwar and pre-civil rights era—help us to understand how Indigenous solidarity is connected to complex histories, settler-colonial relations, and systemic inequalities, as well as the political promise that social justice movements create.
Differing limb functions and their potential influence upon the diversification of the mustelid hindlimb skeleton
Authors: Kilbourne Brandon M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Though form-function relationships of the mammalian locomotor system have been investigated for over a century, recent models of trait evolution have hitherto been seldom used to identify likely evolutionary processes underlying the locomotor system’s morphological diversity. Using mustelids, an ecologically diverse carnivoran lineage, I investigated whether variation in hindlimb skeletal morphology functionally coincides with climbing, digging, swimming and generalized locomotor habits by using 15 linear traits of the femur, tibia, fibula, calcaneum and metatarsal III across 44 species in a principal component analysis. I subsequently fit different models of Brownian motion and adaptive trait diversification individually to each trait. Climbing, digging and swimming mustelids occupy distinct regions of phenotypic space characterized by differences in bone robustness. Models of adaptive and neutral evolution are, respectively, the best fits for long bone lengths and muscle in-levers, suggesting that different kinds of traits may be associated with different evolutionary processes. However, simulations based upon models of best fit reveal low statistical power to rank the models. Though differences in mustelid hindlimb skeletal morphology appear to coincide with locomotor habits, further study, with sampling expanded beyond the Mustelidae, is necessary to better understand to what degree adaptive evolution shapes morphological diversity of the locomotor system.
GPTs and growth: evidence on the technological adoption of electrical and electronic technologies in the 1920s
Authors: Petralia Sergio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pervasive diffusion of electricity-related technologies at the beginning of the twentieth century has been studied extensively to understand the transformative potential of general purpose technologies (GPTs). Most of what we know, however, has been investigated in relation to the diffusion of their use. This article provides evidence on the county-level economic impact of the technological adoption of electrical and electronic (E&E) technologies in the 1920s in the United States (US). It focuses on measuring the impact of a GPT on technological adopters, i.e., those who are able to develop, transform, and complement it. It is shown that places with patenting activity in E&E technologies grew faster and paid higher wages than others between 1920 and 1930. This analysis required constructing a novel database identifying detailed geographical information for historical patent documents in the US since 1836, as well as developing a text-mining algorithm to identify E&E patents based on patent descriptions.
How Transitions in Dementia Care Trajectories Affect Health Problems in Partners: A Longitudinal Analysis With Linked Health and Administrative Data
Authors: van der Heide Iris , Heins Marianne J , van Hout Hein P J , Verheij Robert A , Francke Anneke L , Joling Karlijn J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate whether the prevalence of health problems in cohabiting partners of people with dementia differs between the year before and the year after 3 transitions: the diagnosis of dementia, institutionalization, and the death of the person with dementia.

Methods
Individuals with dementia and their partners were identified on the basis of data in the electronic health records (EHRs) of 451 Dutch general practices. EHRs were also the data source on their health problems, which were linked to the Dutch population registry and health administration data with demographic characteristics, date of institutionalization, and date of death. Differences in the prevalence of 16 groups of health problems and of specific health problems in partners during the year before and the year after the 3 transitions were examined using a generalized estimating equation.

Results
About 1,110 partners of persons with dementia were identified. Problems related to the illness and/or loss of the person with dementia were significantly more prevalent in the year after the dementia diagnosis (32% vs. 17%) and in the year after the death of the person with dementia (59% vs. 41%) than in the years before. Unspecified health problems were more prevalent in the year after the diagnosis than in the year before (30% vs. 22%). After institutionalization, an increase was found in digestive problems and urological problems (30% vs. 18% and 24% vs. 17%).

Discussion
Transitions during the dementia care trajectory, namely, the diagnosis, institutionalization, and death of the person with dementia, significantly affect the cohabiting partner’s health.