bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology-assisted methods to assess the quality of the therapeutic alliance between health care providers and patients: a scoping review protocol
Authors: DeArmond Megan , Vidal Evan , Vanier Cheryl 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The goal of this review is to identify and summarize technology-assisted methods that are being used in clinical, research, or educational settings to assess non-verbal behaviors that have been identified as contributors to the quality of the therapeutic alliance between health care providers and patients.

Introduction:
A strong therapeutic alliance is a critical component of positive patient outcomes. A health care provider's non-verbal behaviors help build a strong therapeutic alliance, but practice with expert feedback is often required to develop desirable non-verbal behaviors. Advances in technology have been harnessed to assess and provide feedback to health care providers, but the technological tools can be difficult to find and compare. Technology-assisted feedback has the potential to help health care providers hone important clinical skills without requiring highly trained instructors, improving medical care overall.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider quantitative and qualitative studies, as well as review articles. Participants must be health care providers (or students) who routinely conduct appointments with patients. Included studies must incorporate technology-assisted methods that are being used to collect or analyze information regarding at least one behavior associated with the therapeutic alliance in a clinical, research, or educational setting. Any type of patient encounter, whether actual, actor-based, virtual reality, or simulation-based, will be included.

Methods:
Five bibliographic databases will be searched, with results limited to English-language articles published from 2010 to the present. The search strategy yielded 404 results in PubMed. The proposed methodology follows the JBI methodology for scoping reviews.
Mining conflicts in the European Union: environmental and political perspectives
Authors: Kivinen Sonja , Kotilainen Juha , Kumpula Timo 
Published: December 2020

Comprehensive knowledge on the issues contributing to mining conflicts is crucial in balancing between the exploitation of mineral deposits and local claims. We explore recent mining conflicts in the European Union using information derived from the Global Atlas of Environmental Justice to improve the understanding of the potential impacts of the intensification of mining activities by the new minerals policies. The variety of causes of conflict is wide and ranges from environmental impacts to socio-economic and health concerns of the populations residing in the vicinity of the mines. While mining conflicts have arisen during all the phases of the life cycle of a mine, new mining projects have been well presented amongst the conflicts. Policy makers should increasingly pay attention to the multiple impacts that mining has had on the environment and socially, in order to be able to put the plans for increasing minerals extraction in Europe into practice.
Perception of danger in the southern Arizona borderlands
Authors: Nielsen Henrik 
Published: December 2020

The mainstream paradigm of the US-Mexico borderlands is that the undocumented migrants are posing a serious threat to the area, yet who or what is actually in danger at the border and what is the danger? This paper explores, through a phenomenological participant-researcher approach, the tension and different perceptions of danger connected to the southern Arizona borderlands. By joining the humanitarian aid group Ajo Samaritans as a volunteer, the borderland is both experienced and observed on the ground through active participation. In closing, it is observed that different actors convey different, and at times even direct opposite, dangers that elevate tension in the area. Under the surface, however, there are similarities and while this study argues that there are many threats as well as endangered entities in the desert, the undocumented migrants are the group most threatened and the desert itself poses the greatest danger.
Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing of an Electromagnetic Transducer With a Tuned Inerter for Vibratory Energy Harvesting
Authors: Asai Takehiko , Takino Minoru , Watanabe Yuta , Sugiura Keita 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper assesses the vibratory energy harvesting performance of a tuned inertial mass electromagnetic transducer (TIMET) through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing under random vibration. The TIMET has been developed by adding a tuning spring and an extra rotational inertial mass to a conventional electromagnetic transducer (ET) with a motor. The authors have already shown that the energy harvesting efficiency of the TIMET can be increased by taking advantage of the mechanical resonance effect of the rotational inertial mass due to the tuning spring through numerical simulation studies. In addition, further improvement in power generation of the TIMET can be achieved theoretically by controlling the current to the motor based on the appropriately developed algorithms. In this paper, the superiority of the TIMET over the ET under random disturbances when the current to the motor is controlled by the algorithms proposed for the ET in the literature is experimentally verified. Moreover, the accuracy of the numerical simulation using the developed device models is validated by comparing with the test results.
Modeling of Tertiary Creep in Copper at 215 and 250 °C
Authors: Sandström Rolf , Sui Fangfei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor a long time, only empirical models existed for creep curves in the tertiary stage. To understand the role of creep damage, including changes in the dislocation structure, cavitation, and necking, basic models that do not involve adjustable parameters have, however, recently been developed. These models were used to predict tertiary creep for copper at 75 °C. In the present paper, these models are applied to creep tests at higher temperatures (215 and 250 °C). These results demonstrate again that tertiary creep in copper is primarily controlled accelerated recovery of the dislocation structure and not by cavitation. The modeling results suggest that the role of cavitation is modest also in other creep exposed ductile alloys, which should be of importance to consider in the formulation of models for creep damage. Necking was only found to be of significance very close to rupture again in agreement with results at lower temperature.
Simulating High-Mode Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Riser in Linearly Sheared Current Using an Empirical Time-Domain Model
Authors: Kim Sang Woo , Sævik Svein , Wu Jie , Leira Bernt Johan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As the development of offshore oil and gas continues to move into deeper waters, the risers connecting the seabed infrastructure to the offshore platform are getting longer. This means that vortex-induced vibration (VIV) may occur at different frequencies along the riser due to current variation, making the VIV prediction challenging. To increase the VIV prediction accuracy, an empirical time-domain VIV model has been developed. The advantage of the model is that it can account for structural non-linearities such as variable tension and time-varying flow. The robustness of the time-domain VIV model has been verified with respect to the several tests, but the length/diameter (L/D) ratio of the risers used in the experiments has so far been relatively small, and the response mode number accordingly low. Therefore, additional validation is needed to understand the uncertainties for the prediction of VIV for deep-sea riser systems at high-mode order. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the use of time-domain model for high-mode VIV response prediction of deep-sea riser systems. This was done by a comparison study applying the Hanøytangen high-mode VIV test data. The main comparison was made regarding the dominating frequency and fatigue damage estimation. For selected empirical parameters, the model demonstrated a good correlation with the experiments. However, the simplified riser model that was utilized in the simulations caused some discrepancies between numerical simulations and the experimental results, which need to be further investigated.
Guidance for Material Selection Based on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties at Sub-Zero Temperatures
Authors: Braun Moritz , Kahl Adrian , Willems Tom , Seidel Marc , Fischer Claas , Ehlers Sören 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is well known that material properties undergo significant changes with temperature. In order to meet extreme environmental requirements for ships and offshore structures operating in Arctic regions, the effect of temperature on material behavior needs to be considered. In recent studies, significantly higher fatigue strength was observed for base materials and welded joints in comparison to room temperature. Fatigue strength increased even for temperatures far below the allowed service temperature based on fracture toughness results; however, sub-zero temperatures fatigue data are scarce and the effects of steel strength and welding type on fatigue strength changes are unknown. Material selection for ships and offshore structures is typically based on empirical Charpy and fracture toughness relations at the design temperature, minus a safety margin. Thus, this study presents material test results including fatigue tests of butt-welded joints, tensile test, and Charpy impact toughness tests at room and sub-zero temperatures of different structural steel types. Additionally, the effect of welding techniques and steel strength are discussed. The results can be used to extend design approaches for ships and offshore structures subject to sub-zero temperatures and to improve material selection for ships and offshore structures operating in Arctic regions.
Dynamic Model for Friction-Induced Oxidation of Metals in Dry Sliding Processes
Authors: Valdés Canaval M. A. , Gómez L. M. , Toro A. , Isaza M. Cesar A. , Rudas J. S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Oxidative mechanisms in tribological processes are commonly related with temperature and the real contact area. In this article, a lumped parameter dynamic model was developed to predict friction-generated oxide thicknesses in dry sliding conditions. The proposed model is based on conservative principles and causal equations applied to a pin-on-disk configuration in order to calculate the flash temperature with base on the heat transfer phenomena. Also, a mass balance was proposed to estimate the amount of hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and wüstite (FeO) formed by friction heat. A new equation was proposed to predict the thicknesses of the oxides generated, and the model was validated based on experimental data available in specialized literature.
Classification of Friction and Wear State of Wind Turbine Gearboxes Using Decision Tree and Random Forest Algorithms
Authors: Pang Jinshan , Chen Yuming , He Shizhong , Qiu Huihe , Wu Chili , Mao Lingbo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on oil monitoring technology to collect friction and wear parameters, the failure modes of key friction pairs in wind turbine gearboxes can be evaluated and classified. However, the collected data of failures caused by friction and wear are generally small, which limits the application of machine learning in the monitoring or evaluation of the critical friction pairs of wind turbine gearboxes. To verify the feasibility of machine learning in this application, algorithms including decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and support vector machine (SVM) are implemented, in the context of a small dataset of 424 samples of normal, adhesive, fatigue, and cutting wear for outcome classification. Compared with k-NN and SVM, DT and RF perform better on both training and test samples. The two models identified the key factors and their quantified values associated with failure state, including ferromagnetic particles, viscosity, iron content, and external hard particle silicon. The classifiers developed in this work classified failure state with an average accuracy of 96%, thus offering an accurate decision support tool for classification and evaluation of the friction pair wear state of wind turbine gearboxes.
Heat Transfer Coefficient Distribution on Oil Injection Cooled Gears: Experimental Method, Uncertainty, and Results
Authors: von Plehwe Felix C. , Schwitzke Corina , Bauer Hans-Jörg 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To design gearboxes with very high power densities, an effective means of cooling the gears and knowledge of the achievable heat transfer coefficients are necessary. In this paper, a method to measure heat transfer coefficients for oil injection cooled gears is presented. Contrary to other experimental investigations, a single hollow spur gear is used. To measure heat transfer coefficients, a temperature gradient between the gear and the hot oil needs to be induced. This is achieved by injecting hot oil at realistic temperatures and cooling the inside diameter of the gear. This enables the measurement of heat transfer coefficients in absence of any dissipative or frictional losses, decreasing the measurement uncertainty. In addition, the novel method yields spatially resolved HTC data. The uncertainty of the method is assessed using Monte Carlo simulations. Experimental results for various operating conditions are presented. For all investigated oil flowrates, the same characteristic behavior of the average heat transfer coefficient versus rotational speed was observed. This observation can be explained by using a kinematic model of the oil jet. The geometry of the gear and the cooling arrangement and the spatially resolved HTC data presented in this paper provide a complete basis for the validation of numerical simulations.
Detection and Enumeration of Fecal Indicator Organisms in Frozen Sea Foods
Authors: Raj H. , Wiebe W. J. , Liston J. 
Published: December 2020

Consistently high recoveries of enterococci as compared to the low numbers of coliforms obtained from the same samples of frozen sea foods are indirect evidence that enterococci are better indicators of contamination in such foods.

The use of azide dextrose broth, modified by the incorporation of bromthymol blue, and of ethyl violet azide broth as presumptive and confirmation tests, respectively, were found to be highly specific for the detection and enumeration of enterococci in these samples. Tetrazolium agar medium, when used as a third step after the confirmation test, provides a reliable differentiation of
Streplococcus faecalis
types from other group D streptococci. A simple procedure is described for further identification of
S. faecalis
varieties and other enterococcal species.

Incidence of biotypes within certain species is noted and relationships of these subgroups to the organisms described by other workers is discussed.
The striking resistance of all group D streptococci to dihydrostreptomycin and polymyxin B seems to offer promise for evolving a new selective medium for these organisms.
Rates of Production of Individual Volatile Fatty Acids in the Rumen of Lactating Cows
Authors: Hungate R. E. , Mah Robert A. , Simesen Mogens 
Published: December 2020

The rumen fermentation rates in individual lactating cows were measured in four different experiments. The results disclosed that the amounts and proportions of volatile acids formed could vary widely. In one case, a marked difference in the proportions of the acids produced arose within the experiment and correlated with a difference in the proportion of methane formed.
The average rate of production per day was 10.5 moles butyric acid, 12.8 moles propionic acid, and 40 moles acetic acid. Manometric estimations of rate gave lower results than those obtained by the zero-time method, due to delay after sampling and to failure of the acids to liberate stoichiometric quantities of carbon dioxide.
For those experiments in which zero-time rates were estimated, the average specific absorption rates, i.e., the amount absorbed per hour per micromole of acid in the rumen, were 0.37 for butyric acid, 0.38 for propionic acid, and 0.26 for acetic acid.

The carbon dioxide, acids, and microbial cells produced in the rumen fermentation are estimated to account for about 90% of the carbon found in the milk and respiratory CO
2
of the cows. The carbon dioxide from the fermentation was about 27% of the carbon dioxide exhaled.
Family caregiver emotional distress in advanced cancer: the DME-C scale psychometric properties
Authors: Limonero Joaquín T , Maté-Méndez Jorge , Gómez-Romero María José , Mateo-Ortega Dolors , González-Barboteo Jesús , Bernaus Montserrat , López-Postigo Montserrat , Sirgo Agustina , Viel Silvia , Sánchez-Julve Cruz , Bayés Ramon , Gómez-Batiste Xavier , Tomás-Sábado Joaquín 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundFamily caregivers of patients with advanced illness at end of life often report high levels of emotional distress. To address this emotional distress is necessary to have adequate and reliable screening tools.AimThis study analyses the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Family Caregiver Emotional Detection Scale for caregivers of patients with end-stage cancer (DME-C, Spanish acronym) who are receiving palliative care (PC).DesignMulticentre, cross-sectional study.Settings/participantsFamily caregivers of patients with advanced cancer at end of life receiving palliative treatment were interviewed to explore their emotional distress through the DME-C scale and other instruments measuring anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)), distress thermometer (DT) and overload (B), as well as a clinical psychological assessment (CPA).Results138 family caregivers, 85 (61.6%) female and 53 (38.4%) male, with an average age of 59.69±13.3 participated in the study. The reliability of the scale, as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.76, and its stability over time was 0.734. Positive, significant correlations were found between the DME-C and the scores for anxiety and depression registered on the HADS scale, as well as with the total result of this latter scale and the results for B, the DT and the CPA. A statistical analysis of the receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that the scale has a sensitivity and specificity of 75%, and that the cut-off point for the detection of emotional distress was a score ≥11. Fifty-four per cent of the caregivers displayed emotional distress according to this scale.ConclusionsThe DME-C displays good psychometric properties. It is simple, short, reliable and easy to administer. We believe that the instrument is useful for the detection of emotional distress in the family caregivers of hospitalised patients suffering from end-stage illnesses and receiving PC.
Compassionate leadership during COVID-19: an ABC approach to the introduction of new medical graduates as Foundation interim Year 1s (FiY1s)
Authors: Dougan Claire , Philips Sally-Anne , Hughes Denise , Gardiner Keith 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIncreasingly challenging workplaces detrimentally affect doctors’ well-being and patient care. The General Medical Council’s ‘ABC’ compassionate leadership model aims to improve doctor well-being. When COVID-19 emerged, a 4 Nation agreement facilitated early graduation and provisional registration of final year medical students and deployment of new graduates into Foundation interim Year 1 (FiY1) positions. We report how the Northern Ireland Medical and Dental Training Agency (NIMDTA) applied compassionate leadership to the induction of FiY1s.MethodsEmploying ‘What matters to you’, we identified FiY1s’ educational objectives and reviewed information dissemination options within distancing restrictions.A dedicated FiY1 webpage summarised requirements and resources. A regional digital induction with a well-being emphasis facilitated flexible completion. Welcome packs promoted belonging while a ‘buddy system’ delivered support. Collaboration with other stakeholders created staggered follow-up video conferences providing practical and psychological support, removing communication barriers.FindingsFeedback showed high FiY1 satisfaction with the global introduction to practice (83%) and 82% felt valued by NIMDTA and by Trusts after process completion.ConclusionApplying compassionate leadership to induction creates positive effects on doctors’ feeling of value and aligns with organisational strategic aims to support, develop and retain doctors in training programmes. We envision this model being applied to future postgraduate induction programmes.
Distilling the core meaning of medical engagement to three junior doctor staff groups in a Welsh Health Board
Authors: Cromarty Thomas , Rayment Rachel , Mazelan Patti , Barwell Fred , Spurgeon Peter , Shortland Graham 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundHealth systems demonstrate that levels of staff engagement correlate with a variety of performance indicators, including mortality, morbidity, staff sickness. The purpose of this paper is to help healthcare managers and clinical leaders gain greater clarity in understanding the core concepts which drive medical engagement for junior doctor staff groups.MethodsA total of 245 members of medical staff completed the Medical Engagement Survey (MES) with a local focus in a participating Welsh University Health Board in April 2018. In this paper a‘mixed-methods’research approach is described. Both quantitative and qualitative data have been collected and analysed as part of the MES and these are interpreted and integrated with the aim of highlighting insightful links between the various methodological perspectives (as described by Shorten and Smith).ResultsThe findings reported are the results of the first purposive sample from an application of the MES targeted specifically at junior doctors.Though improvements in medical engagement often require a cultural change over the longer term, trainees have highlighted to the organisation valuable opportunities for quick wins. These capture the essence of what medical engagement really means to Junior Doctor Staff groups.Being kept informed in a flexible and timely manner about any changes in systems, job roles and rotas.Having more time outside ward duties to develop and progress effectively through training.Being undervalued by senior management and poor communication with medical staffing.ConclusionThe systematic surfacing of these core issues may potentially help keep sight of fundamental staff priorities when attempting to enhance levels of medical engagement. Although these views are from one Health Board, they mirror findings elsewhere. Disengaged junior doctors may be part of continuing the wider problem of lack of engagement in senior staff as they themselves become more senior and influential.