bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment, experience, and retention among women with HIV and hazardous drinking enrolled a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Canidate Shantrel , Cook Christa , Varma Deepthi , Carnaby Giselle , Ennis Nicole , Stetten Nichole , Cook Robert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite efforts by the NIH to enhance the participation of women and minorities in clinical research, women with HIV continue to remain underrepresented in alcohol intervention research. The purpose of this study is to better understand the reasons why women with HIV and hazardous drinking participated in the WHAT-IF? Study and to discuss their experience (positive or negative) in the study. Methods: Convenience and theoretical sampling were used to recruit women with HIV and hazardous drinking to complete qualitative interviews. These women had previously completed a clinical alcohol intervention trial and had consented to be contacted in the future for study-related purposes. The biopsychosocial model was used to frame the interview questions that assessed multiple determinants of drinking behavior and helped explain linkages to broader health constructs. Results: A total of 20 women with HIV and hazardous drinking completed the qualitative interview. Several factors were identified by the women as influential in their decision to participate in the WHAT-IF? study, such as the ability to quit or reduce their drinking to nonhazardous levels (biological), the ability to gain knowledge or a greater understanding of the negative effects of hazardous drinking on HIV disease progression (psychological), and peer pressure and monetary compensation (social). Also, the women identified factors (positive or negative) associated with their clinical trial experience, such as the effects of the study medication on the woman's body (biological), thoughts and feelings toward study procedures (i.e. medication, lab work, study assessments) and the length of the study (psychological), and the interactions with the WHAT-IF? Study staff (social). Conclusion: Recruiting and retaining women with HIV in alcohol intervention research remains a challenge. Findings from this study suggest that women with HIV who are hazardous drinkers may benefit from participating in research studies that could help them to reduce or quit their drinking, increase their knowledge about specific behavior changes, and earn monetary compensation. Also, positive staff interactions may be instrumental in retaining minority women in alcohol intervention research.
Firing activity of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons decreases in necdin-deficient mice, an animal model of Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Wu Rui-Ni , Hung Wei-Chen , Chen Ching-Tsuey , Tsai Li-Ping , Lai Wen-Sung , Min Ming-Yuan , Wong Shi-Bing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple respiratory, cognitive, endocrine, and behavioral symptoms, such as central apnea, intellectual disabilities, exaggerated stress responses, and temper tantrums. The locus coeruleus noradrenergic system (LC-NE) modulates a diverse range of behaviors, including arousal, learning, pain modulation, and stress-induced negative affective states, which are possibly correlated with the pathogenesis of PWS phenotypes. Therefore, we evaluated the LC-NE neuronal activity of necdin-deficient mice, an animal model of PWS.Methods: Heterozygous necdin-deficient mice (B6.Cg-Ndntm1ky) were bred from wild-type (WT) females to generate WT (+m/+p) and heterozygotes (+m/−p) animals, which were examined of LC-NE neuronal activity, developmental reflexes and plethysmography.Results: On slice electrophysiology, LC-NE neurons of Ndntm1ky mice with necdin deficiency showed significantly decreased spontaneous activities and impaired excitability, which was mediated by enhanced A-type voltage-dependent potassium currents. Ndntm1ky mice also exhibited the neonatal phenotypes of PWS, such as hypotonia and blunt respiratory responses to hypercapnia.Conclusions: LC-NE neuronal firing activity decreased in necdin-deficient mice, suggesting that LC, the primary source of norepinephrine in the central nervous system, is possibly involved in PWS pathogenesis.
Identification of Potential Crucial Genes in Atrial Fibrillation: A Bioinformatic Analysis
Authors: Zhang Junguo , Huang Xin , Wang Xiaojie , Gao Yanhui , Liu Li , Li Ziyi , Chen Xuejiao , Zeng Jie , Ye Zebing , Li Guowei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is at least partially heritable, affecting 2-3% of the population in Europe and the USA. However, a substantial proportion of heritability is still lacking. In the present study, we aim to identify potential crucial genes associated with AF through bioinformatic analyses of public datasets. Methods Microarray data sets of GSE115574, GSE31821, GSE79768, GSE41177 and GSE14975 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were retrieved. After merging all microarray data and adjusting batch effect, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Functional enrichment analyses based on Gene Ontology (GO) resource, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) resource, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Reactome Pathway Database and Disease Ontology (DO) were carried out. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database. Combined with aforementioned significant bioinformatics information, potential crucial genes were subsequently selected. The comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) was carried out to explore the interaction between potential crucial genes and AF. Result We identified 27 of DEGs with gene expression fold change (FC) ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 2/3 (|log2 FC| ≥ 0.58) and 5 with FC ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5 (|log2 FC| ≥ 1) of AF patients compared with sinus rhythm controls. The most significantly enriched pathway was regulation of insulin-like growth factor transport and uptake by insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. IGFBP2, C1orf105, FHL2, CHGB, ATP1B4, IGFBP3, SLC26A9, CXCR4 and HTR2B were considered the potential crucial genes. CTD showed CXCR4, IGFBP2, IGFBP3 and FHL2 had higher scores with AF. Conclusions The 9 potential crucial genes, especially CXCR4, IGFBP2, IGFBP3 and FHL2 , may be associated with risk of AF. Our study provided new insights of AF into genetics, molecular pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets.
Comparison of adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma prognoses in Chinese patients with FIGO stage IB-IIA cervical cancer following radical surgery
Authors: Zhang Xiaojing , Lv Zunfu , Xu Xiaoxian , Yin Zhuomin , Lou hanmei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background. To compare adenocarcinoma (AC) and adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) prognoses in patients with FIGO stage IB–IIA cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy.Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of 240 patients with AC and 130 patients with ASC. Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox regression models, and log-rank tests were used for statistical analysis.Results. Patients with ASC had higher frequencies of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) > 5 ng/ml (p=0.049 and p=0.013, respectively); moreover, they were much older (P=0.029) than patients with AC. There were no clinically significant differences in overall survival (OS) between the groups. When stratified into three risk groups based on clinicopathological features, survival outcomes did not differ between patients with AC and those with ASC in any risk group. Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (LNM) was an independent risk factor for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and OS in patients with AC and in patients with ASC. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) > 5 ng/ml and SCC-Ag > 5 ng/ml were independent predictors of RFS and OS in patients with AC. In addition, among those stratified as intermediate-risk, patients with ASC who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) had significantly better RFS and OS (P=0.036 and P=0.047, respectively). Conclusions. We did not find evidence to suggest that AC and ASC subtypes of cervical cancer were associated with different survival outcomes. CCRT is beneficial for survival in intermediate-risk patients with ASC, but not in those with AC. Serum tumour markers can assist in evaluating prognosis and in providing additional information for patient-tailored therapy for cervical AC.
Electrochemical assessment of pigments-binding medium interactions in oil paint deterioration: a case study on indigo and Prussian blue
Authors: Doménech-Carbó Antonio , Doménech-Carbó María Teresa , Osete-Cortina Laura , Donnici Margherita , Guasch-Ferré Nuria , Gasol-Fargas Rosa M. , Iglesias-Campos Manuel Ángel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The degradation of laboratory oil paint film specimens containing indigo and Prussian blue pigments and pictorial samples from the Sant Francesc de Paula painting exhibited in the Tomàs Balvey Arxiu Museum (Cardedeu (Catalonia), Spain) has been studied by voltammetry of immobilized particles. This technique, combined with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis, nanoindentation-atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy techniques permits the proposal of a dual scheme for the degradation of the pigments when naturally aged and submitted to accelerated UVA aging. Under conditions of moderate temperature, humidity and natural illumination, and low gradients of these parameters, Prussian blue acts as a radical scavenger moderating the production of reactive oxygen species produced in the oil binding medium by the action of ultraviolet radiation, resulting in the formation, in the solid state, of the solid-solution, {KFeIII[FeII(CN)6]}x{FeIII[FeIII(CN)6]}1–x, known as Berlin green, which then promotes the formation of indigo adducts with radicals. In several localized areas of the Sant Francesc de Paula paint showing strong degradation, Prussian blue acts as a promoter of the indigo oxidation to isatin, thus resulting in a considerable chromatic shift.
Direct comparison of brain [18F]FDG images acquired by SiPM-based and PMT-based PET/CT: phantom and clinical studies
Authors: Wagatsuma Kei , Sakata Muneyuki , Ishibashi Kenji , Hirayama Akira , Kawakami Hirofumi , Miwa Kenta , Suzuki Yukihisa , Ishii Kenji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The silicon photomultiplier-positron emission tomography (SiPM-PET) developed by GE Healthcare has better sensitivity, spatial resolution, and timing resolution than photomultiplier tubes (PMT)-PET. The present study aimed to clarify the advantages of SiPM-PET in 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) brain imaging in a head-to-head comparison with PMT-PET in phantom and clinical studies. Methods: Image contrast was calculated from images acquired from a Hoffman 3D brain phantom and image noise and uniformity were calculated from pooled images acquired from a pool phantom using SiPM- and PMT-PET. Sequential PMT-PET and SiPM-PET [18F]FDG images were acquired over a period of 10 min from 22 controls and 10 patients. All images were separately normalized to a standard [18F]FDG PET template, then mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) and Z-score were calculated by MIMneuro and CortexID Suite, respectively. Results: Image contrast, image noise, and uniformity in SiPM-PET changed 19.2%, 3.5%, and -40.0% from PMT-PET, respectively. These physical indices of both PET scanners satisfied the criteria for acceptable image quality published by the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine of > 55%, ≤ 15% and ≤ 0.0249, respectively. The contrast in SiPM-PET was slightly improved using TOF. The SUVmean using SiPM-PET was significantly higher than PMT-PET and did not correlate with a time delay. Z-scores were also significantly higher in images acquired from SiPM-PET (except for the bilateral posterior cingulate) than PMT-PET because the peak signal that was extracted by the calculation of Z-score in CortexID Suite was raised. The area of hypometabolism in statistical maps was reduced and localized by SiPM-PET compared with PMT-PET regardless of whether the images were derived from controls or patients. Conclusions: The improved spatial resolution and sensitivity of SiPM-PET contributed to better image contrast and uniformity in brain [18F]FDG images. The SiPM-PET offers better quality and more accurate quantitation of brain PET images. The SUVmean and Z-score in SiPM-PET was higher than PMT-PET due to improving the PVEs. [18F]FDG images acquired using SiPM-PET will help to improve diagnostic outcomes based on statistical image analysis becausethe SiPM-PET would localize the distribution of glucose metabolism on Z-score maps.
Development of risk factor-based scoring system for detection of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections.
Authors: Togawa Atsushi , Yoshimura Michinobu , Tokushige Chiemi , Matsunaga Akira , Takata Tohru , Takamatsu Yasushi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (HVKp) infections have distinct clinical manifestations from classical K. pneumoniae infections. The hallmark of HVKp infections are liver abscess formation and metastatic infections. Due to the severe sequelae of these complications, method to identify patients at-risk of HVKp infections should be developed.

Results

A retrospective cohort study of 222 patients with K. pneumoniae bloodstream infections (BSIs) was performed. Patient demographics, clinical manifestations, and bacterial characteristics were investigated. Ten cases of liver abscesses were identified. Characteristics such as community-onset BSIs, hypermucoviscosity phenotype, and capsular serotype K1 were identified as risk factors for HVKp infections. A scoring system was developed based on the risk factors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the scoring system was 0.90. A score of >2 points provided sensitivity and specificity of 0.70 and 0.94, respectively.

Conclusions

Simple scoring system was developed for the diagnosis of HVKp infections. The system allows early identification of patients with K. pneumoniae BSIs in whom hypervirulent infections should be evaluated. Prospective evaluation is expected.
Experience of Massive Distance Online Education for Medical Colleges and Universities in China to Counter the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zhao Jiyang , Xiao Hai , Li Yong , Wen Da , Xu Peixiang , Fu Yao , Piao Jie , Liu Jiangheng , Cao Depin , Zhong Zhaohua , Zhao Guang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

As the COVID-19 outbreak influenced teaching in China, Chinese medical colleges and universities carried out massive online education with the participants of more than one million students on the for-profit or non-profit big–data teaching platforms, based on existing online teaching resources and other ways such as MOOC, Micro-course, Live-course and interactive discussion.
Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted via two rounds of 56-in-total questions on overall situations, platforms, teaching methods, training, teachers and students’ experiences, and encountered problems for 1747 teachers and 7223 students, which involved 741 courses. Comparative analysis was done on the survey results.
Results

A majority of teachers and students were satisfied with teaching platforms and effects; large commercial teaching platforms could provide better services; 67.21% of teachers and 64.67% of students preferred live teaching; only 76.84% of teachers and 58.69% of students were systematically trained; weak network, lack of training, overcrowded access to teaching platforms, lack of interaction, lack of efficient real-time evaluation and fatigue were current difficulties.
Conclusions

Good results of massive distance online education and teachers and students’ satisfaction with teaching platform performance show that online education can be used as a main means to replace traditional classroom education in emergency situations.
A synergistic bactericidal effect of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound combined with levofloxacin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles on M. smegmatis in macrophages
Authors: Xie Shuang , Li Gangjing , Hou Yuru , Yang Min , Li Fahui , Li Jianhu , Li Dairong , Du Yonghong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which often parasites in macrophages. This study is performed to investigate the bactericidal effect and underlying mechanisms of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound (LFLIU) combined with levofloxacin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (LEV-NPs) on M. smegmatis (a surrogate of Mtb) in macrophages.Methods and results: The LEV-NPs were prepared using a double emulsification method. The average diameter, zeta potential, polydispersity index, morphology, and drug release efficiency in vitro of the LEV-NPs were investigated. M. smegmatis in macrophages was treated using the LEV-NPs combined with 42 kHz ultrasound irradiation at an intensity of 0.13 W/cm2 for 10 min. The results showed that ultrasound significantly promoted the phagocytosis of nanoparticles by macrophages (p < 0.05). In addition, further ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophage, and the apoptosis rate of the macrophages was significantly higher than that of the control (p < 0.05). The transmission electronic microscope showed that the cell wall of M. smegmatis was ruptured, the cell structure was incomplete, and the bacteria received severe damage in the ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs group. Activity assays showed that ultrasound combined with the LEV-NPs exhibited a 10-fold higher antibacterial activity against M. smegmatis residing inside macrophages compared with the free drug.Conclusion: These data demonstrated that ultrasound combined with LEV-NPs has great potential as a therapeutic agent for TB.
IL-6 gene rs12700386 Polymorphism is Associated with Increased Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis Development in Chinese Han Population: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhou Xindie , Xu Dongmei , Chen Gang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: There is an association between Interleukin-6 (IL-6) polymorphism and knee osteoarthritis (OA) risk. The case-control study aims at exploring how IL-6 rs12700386 polymorphism affects the knee OA risk in Chinese Han individuals.Methods: We extracted the DNA from 763 participants, thereinto, 352 were OA patients and 411 were healthy controls. The polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assisted in genotyping the IL-6 gene polymorphism. The relative expression exhibited by IL-6 in blood samples of knee OA patients was determined via a quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: We found that IL-6 rs12700386 enhanced the knee OA susceptibility. Based on a subgroup analysis, the loci magnified the knee OA risk in smokers, drinkers, and subjects ≥ 55 years old or with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The combination of smoking and drinking and rs12700386 genotype led to an increase in the knee OA risk, indicating an underlying interaction between gene and environment. Additionally, the rs12700386 was found to be related to increased IL-6 gene levels. Conclusion: These data indicate that rs12700386 polymorphism of IL-6 gene led to an increase in the knee OA risk specific to Chinese Han individuals.
Does The Taste of The Plain Packaged Cigarettes in Saudi Arabia Really Changed and Differ from The Branded Cigarettes or it is A Natural Sensory Change? Experimental Study
Authors: Dhim Nasser F Bin , Basyouni Mada H , Althumiri Nora A , Almubarak Rasha A. , Banjar Weam , Zamakhshary Mohammed , AlKattan Khaled M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Does the taste of the plain packaged cigarettes recently implemented in Saudi Arabia really changed and differ from the branded cigarettes or it is a natural sensory Methods: 18 adult smokers, who are currently smoking cigarettes and cleared upon physical assessment before the experiment. Participants were excluded if they were planning to quit smoking or in quitting stage or have any respiratory or cardiac disease, any taste related disorder (e.g. hypogeusia / ageusia) or any acute disease that affect taste or smell (e.g. Flu). Participants who shows any abnormal vital signs check before the study (fever, shortness of breath or elevated blood pressure). Participants received 6 sequences of different random exposures (3 puffs) to 3 plain packaged cigarettes (2 from the favorite brand and 1 other brand “control”) and 3 branded cigarettes (2 from the favorite brand and 1 other brand “control”). Participants wore Virtual Reality Goggles (VR) accompany with a special software to alter the visual reality and wore gloves to alter the touch sensation.Results: Participants were not able to identify the correct type of cigarettes (plain or branded (Estimate of fixed effect -0.01 p=0.79). Moreover, there were no differences in the ability of the participants to identify their favorite brand t(-0.63) mean=0.47 p = 0.53. Conclusion: After controlling the visual and touch sensation participants were not able to difference between branded and plain packaged cigarettes in terms of taste or inducing immediate shortness of breath or cough. Interestingly, participants were not able to identify their favorite brand.
Dental Caries in Association With Viral Load in Children Living With HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Authors: Kikuchi Kimiyo , Yasuoka Junko , Tuot Sovannary , Okawa Sumiyo , Yem Sokunthea , Chhuon Pheak , Murayama Makoto , Huot Chantheany , Yi Siyan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Oral health status is known to be associated with overall health among people living with HIV. However, it is unclear whether dental caries is associated with viral load among this population. In particular, dental caries among children living with HIV needs to be better understood, as this can affect their overall health and well-being in future. This study assessed the association between dental caries and viral load among children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Paediatric Hospital as a baseline survey of a randomized controlled trial. The study population included children living with HIV aged 3–15 years and their primary caregivers. We collected data on the children’s oral health status by oral examination and the latest HIV viral load data stored in the patients’ information system of the hospital. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess association between dental caries and viral load. The cut-off point of undetectable viral load was set at <40 copies/mL. Results: Data from 328 children were included in the analyses. Moreover, 68.3% had an undetectable viral load. The mean number of permanent or deciduous teeth with caries was 7.7 (standard deviation [SD], 5.0). In the regression analysis, dental caries in permanent or deciduous teeth were positively associated with detectable viral load (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.14). Having received antiretroviral therapy ≥1 year and self-reported excellent adherence to the antiretroviral drug were also negatively associated with detectable viral load. Among children with detectable levels of viral load, dental caries in permanent or deciduous teeth were also positively associated with non-suppression of viral load (>1000 copies/mL) (AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.23). Conclusions: Dental caries was associated with viral load status detection among children living with HIV. This finding suggests that oral health status may affect the immune status of the children. Oral health of children living with HIV should be strengthened, and further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between viral load and oral health status.