bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of an Automated Workflow for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Prostate
Authors: Esser Michael , Zinsser Dominik , Kündel Matthias , Lingg Andreas , Kiefer Berthold , Weiland Elisabeth , Nikolaou Konstantin , Othman Ahmed E. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of an automated workflow for multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate compared with a manual mpMRI workflow.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective study was approved by the local ethics committee. Two MR technicians scanned 2 healthy volunteers with a prototypical highly automated workflow (Siemens Healthineers GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) and with a manually adjusted scan protocol each. Thirty patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 68 ± 11 years; range, 41–93 years) with suspected prostate cancer underwent mpMRI on a 3 T MRI scanner. Fifteen patients were examined with the automated workflow and 15 patients with a conventional manual workflow. Two readers assessed image quality (contrast, zone distinction, organ margins, seminal vesicles, lymph nodes), organ coverage, orientation (T2w sequences), and artifacts (motion, susceptibility, noise) on a 5-point scale (1, poor; 5, excellent). Examination time and MR technicians' acceptance were compared between both groups. Interreader agreement was evaluated with Cohen's kappa (κ).

Results
The automated workflow proved consistent for sequence orientation and image quality in the intraindividual comparisons. There were no significant differences in examination time (automated vs manual; median 26 vs 28 minutes; interquartile range [IQR], 25–28 minutes each; P = 0.57), study volume coverage, artifacts, or scores for T2w sequence orientation (5 vs 4 each; P > 0.3). Overall image quality was superior for automated MRI (4.6 vs 3.8; IQR, 3.9–4.8 vs 3.2–4.3; P = 0.002), especially concerning organ delineation and seminal vesicles (P = 0.045 and P = 0.013). The acceptance score was higher for the manual workflow (median, 10 vs 8; IQR, 10 vs 7–10; P = 0.002). General interreader agreement was excellent (κ = 0.832; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The automated workflow for prostate MRI ensures accurate sequence orientation and maintains high image quality, whereas examination time remained unaffected compared with the manual procedure in our institution.
Impact of Acuity Circles on Outcomes for Pediatric Liver Transplant Candidates
Authors: Mogul Douglas B. , Perito Emily R. , Wood Nicholas , Mazariegos George V. , VanDerwerken Douglas , Ibrahim Samar H. , Mohammad Saeed , Valentino Pamela L. , Gentry Sommer , Hsu Evelyn 
Published: December 2019

Background.
In December 2018, United Network for Organ Sharing approved an allocation scheme based on recipients’ geographic distance from a deceased donor (acuity circles [ACs]). Previous analyses suggested that ACs would reduce waitlist mortality overall, but their impact on pediatric subgroups was not considered.

Methods.
We applied Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data from 2011 to 2016 toward the Liver Simulated Allocation Model to compare outcomes by age and illness severity for the United Network for Organ Sharing–approved AC and the existing donor service area–/region-based allocation schemes. Means from each allocation scheme were compared using matched-pairs t tests.

Results.
During a 3-year period, AC allocation is projected to decrease waitlist deaths in infants (39 versus 55; P < 0.001), children (32 versus 50; P < 0.001), and teenagers (15 versus 25; P < 0.001). AC allocation would increase the number of transplants in infants (707 versus 560; P < 0.001), children (677 versus 547; P < 0.001), and teenagers (404 versus 248; P < 0.001). AC allocation led to decreased median pediatric end-stage liver disease/model for end-stage liver disease at transplant for infants (29 versus 30; P = 0.01), children (26 versus 29; P < 0.001), and teenagers (26 versus 31; P < 0.001). Additionally, AC allocation would lead to fewer transplants in status 1B in children (97 versus 103; P = 0.006) but not infants or teenagers. With AC allocation, 77% of pediatric donor organs would be allocated to pediatric candidates, compared to only 46% in donor service area–/region-based allocation (P < 0.001).

Conclusions.
AC allocation will likely address disparities for pediatric liver transplant candidates and recipients by increasing transplants and decreasing waitlist mortality. It is more consistent with federally mandated requirements for organ allocation.
Craniofacial Autonomic Dysfunction in Migraine: Implications for Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: Cortez Melissa M. , Millsap Leah , Brennan K. C. , Campbell Corey L. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Craniofacial autonomic signs and symptoms (CASS) are relatively underrecognized in the evaluation of migraine headache. Yet, these features provide insight into diagnostic criterion, therapeutic approaches, and overarching disease burden.

Evidence Acquisition:
This review aims to summarize relevant literature evaluating autonomic dysfunction, with focus on CASS, in migraine through targeted literature searches in PubMed. Full articles of original data published between 1974 and 2019 were identified using MeSH terms with no search limits.

Results:
Although CASS are typically clinically evaluated by subjective patient report, investigational measures of cranial autonomic function have identified marked distinctions between headache attack and attack-free intervals. The presence of CASS during an attack does not differ based on age, sex, or presence of aura. Unilateral CASS may be predictive of longer, more frequent, and/or severe attacks and often co-occur with sensory dysfunction such as allodynia and photophobia. Although limited research has been performed to evaluate targeted therapeutics for migraine with CASS, triptans and onabotulinumtoxinA may demonstrate greater effects in this group.

Conclusions:
Migraine remains a debilitating disorder with significant community-wide impacts, necessitating continued evaluation of contributing features. Consideration of CASS provides important insight into potential treatment approaches and the effectiveness of novel therapeutic interventions aimed at improving overall disease burden. However, further investigation is needed to fully understand primary craniofacial features in migraine, and how these might inform individualized treatment decisions.
Joining of aluminium alloy to pre-holed carbon steel by aluminium extrusion using friction spot method
Authors: Abdullah Isam Tareq , Hussein Sabah Khammass , Hussein Abbas Khammas 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to join sheets of an aluminium alloy together with pre-holed carbon steel via friction spot technique.

Design/methodology/approach
An AISI 1006 steel sheet was a pre-holed with a 4.8 mm diameter and put under AA5052 sheet with a lap joint configuration. The joining process was carried out by extruding the aluminium through the steel hole using a rotating tool of 10 mm diameter. Furthermore, three process parameters (pre-heating time, rotating speed and plunging depth of the tool) with three values for each parameter were used to study their effects on the joints quality. In order to join samples, nine experiments were designed according to a Taguchi method. Shear strength, microstructure and X-ray diffraction tests of the joint were carried out.

Findings
The joining mechanism occurred by a mechanical interlock of the extruded aluminium with the inner surface of the steel hole. The tool plunging depth had a significant effect on the shear strength of the joint. The shear strength of two joints exceeded the shear strength of the wrought material (AA5052). All samples failed with two modes: pull-out and shearing of the extruded aluminium.

Originality/value
For the first time, the extrusion technique was used to join AA5052 sheet together with pre-holed carbon steel, with a perfect joint efficiency.
Student teachers’ development as teacher leaders during the practicum experience
Authors: Chaaban Youmen , Sawalhi Rania 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature of student teachers’ development as teacher leaders during a 12-week practicum experience at Qatari government schools.

Design/methodology/approach
The investigation involved a qualitative research methodology entailing multiple data generation methods, including pre/post interviews, weekly journals, mid- and post-reflective essays, classroom observations and multiple assignments. Data analysis was carried out using deductive and inductive methods, by adapting the conceptual framework of teacher leadership practices, identity and views, but allowing for new analytical themes to emerge.

Findings
Upon initiating leadership practices, two pathways to leadership development were revealed, mediated by the presence or absence of supportive factors. Both pathways, however, led to the development of divergent teacher leadership identities and varying views toward teacher leadership.

Originality/value
The study includes implications for the design of initial teacher preparation programs designed to prepare student teachers as teacher leaders.
A significant impact: a grassroots community of practice
Authors: O’Callaghan Robin , King Hunter , Miller Carrie Lewis 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
To determine the effectiveness of the Instructional Technologies and Learning Spaces Special Interest Group (SIG), a study was planned for the 2016–2017 academic year. An anonymous attitudinal survey was designed to help researchers determine the following: if the SIG webinars were useful to their teaching practice; if the participants had positive experiences in the webinars; what participants gained through webinar participation; if the webinar format was easy to use; if the participants intended to continue participating in future SIG offerings; and what gaps in SIG programming might exist. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This mixed method study examines the attitudes of faculty who participated in events hosted by a SIG that was used to support faculty development for the fourth largest system of two-year colleges and four-year universities in the USA.

Findings
Results of the study indicate that the methods used by the SIG were well-received by faculty across the state and that the programming was found to be valuable and helpful in informing their pedagogical practice, particularly in online environments.

Research limitations/implications
Given the subjective nature of this study (i.e. mixed methods), some caution should be taken when interpreting the results.

Originality/value
This paper provides insight into a potential method of providing high-quality professional development to faculty at multiple institutions or across large geographic distances, including adjuncts and teaching assistants.
Integrating selection-based aspect sentiment and preference knowledge for social recommender systems
Authors: Chen Yoke Yie , Wiratunga Nirmalie , Lothian Robert 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Recommender system approaches such as collaborative and content-based filtering rely on user ratings and product descriptions to recommend products. More recently, recommender system research has focussed on exploiting knowledge from user-generated content such as product reviews to enhance recommendation performance. The purpose of this paper is to show that the performance of a recommender system can be enhanced by integrating explicit knowledge extracted from product reviews with implicit knowledge extracted from analysis of consumer’s purchase behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors introduce a sentiment and preference-guided strategy for product recommendation by integrating not only explicit, user-generated and sentiment-rich content but also implicit knowledge gleaned from users’ product purchase preferences. Integration of both of these knowledge sources helps to model sentiment over a set of product aspects. The authors show how established dimensionality reduction and feature weighting approaches from text classification can be adopted to weight and select an optimal subset of aspects for recommendation tasks. The authors compare the proposed approach against several baseline methods as well as the state-of-the-art better method, which recommends products that are superior to a query product.

Findings
Evaluation results from seven different product categories show that aspect weighting and selection significantly improves state-of-the-art recommendation approaches.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed approach recommends products by analysing user sentiment on product aspects. Therefore, the proposed approach can be used to develop recommender systems that can explain to users why a product is recommended. This is achieved by presenting an analysis of sentiment distribution over individual aspects that describe a given product.

Originality/value
This paper describes a novel approach to integrate consumer purchase behaviour analysis and aspect-level sentiment analysis to enhance recommendation. In particular, the authors introduce the idea of aspect weighting and selection to help users identify better products. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate the practical benefits of this approach on a variety of product categories and compare the approach with the current state-of-the-art approaches.
The importance of discretion for welfare services to minorities: Examining workload and anti‐immigration attitudes
Authors: Schütze Carolin , Johansson Håkan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMigration influx in Western countries resulting in increasingly diverse societies results in more complex situations for bureaucrats in their client interactions in welfare organizations. The role of discretion for services to clients has received much attention in the public administration research and therefore this study explores the relation among perceived workload, anti‐immigration attitudes, perceived discretion, and perceived difficulty in working with migrants. The paper examines the function of perceived discretion as moderator or mediator variable in this constellation. The relations are examined by using structural equation modelling based on a survey among Swedish welfare bureaucrats (N = 1,319). The results show that heavier perceived workload increased the likelihood of experiencing work with migrants as difficult and that greater perceived discretion decreased the likelihood of experiencing work with migrants as difficult. The results suggest that perceived discretion functions as a mediator for the relation between perceived workload and difficulty in work with migrants: potentially functioning as a ‘buffer’ for organizational pressure. We also found that bureaucrats who hold negative attitudes towards migrants were more likely to express their work with migrants as more difficult. This paper contributes to the public administration literature by increasing our knowledge on how discretion has significance in relation to when bureaucrat's behaviour is determined by specific organizational and personal factors.
The incidence of turnip yellows virus in oilseed rape crops (Brassica napusL.) in three different regions of England over three consecutive growing seasons and the relationship with the abundance of flyingMyzus persicae
Authors: Asare‐Bediako Elvis , Jones Julie E. , Hambidge Angela J. , Stevens Mark , Mead Andrew , Jenner Carol E. , Walsh John A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTurnip yellows virus (TuYV) is the most important virus infecting oilseed rape in the United Kingdom. The incidence and spatial distribution of TuYV in winter oilseed rape (WOSR) crops in three regions of England were determined over three growing seasons. Leaf samples were collected from three fields in each region, in autumn (November–December) and spring (April) of the three crop seasons and tested for virus presence by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Infection was detected in all fields except one. Higher TuYV incidences were recorded in 2007–2008 (≤89%) and 2009–2010 (≤100%) crop seasons than in 2008–2009 (≤24%). Highest incidences were recorded in Lincolnshire (≤100%), followed by Warwickshire (≤88%), with lowest incidences in Yorkshire (1–74%). There was a significant increase in incidence detected between autumn and spring sampling in eight fields, a significant decrease in one field and no significant change in 18 fields. Rothamsted Insect Survey suction trap data for the aphidMyzus persicaein Lincolnshire, Warwickshire and Yorkshire revealed two peaks of flight activity in most years (2007–2009). The second peak (September–November) coincided with emergence of WOSR. The highest cumulative (August–November) trap catches in the three regions during the three crop seasons occurred in Lincolnshire and the lowest in Yorkshire; catches in autumn 2009 were highest and lowest in autumn 2008. Regression analysis revealed a highly significant association between the cumulative numbers ofM. persicaecaught in the suction traps closest to the crops between August and November each year and the incidence of TuYV detected in the WOSR crops in the autumn of each year. Results are discussed in the light of factors affecting the spread of TuYV and future possibilities for control.
Nothing Sells like Whiteness: Race, Ontology, and American Advertising
Authors: Shankar Shalini 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, I examine how white supremacy is reproduced and circulated through advertising. I explore the shift from the racial and ethnic specificities of “multiculturalism” to the more open‐ended concept of “diversity,” which indexes difference in unspecific and nonthreatening ways. How diversity is represented in general‐market advertising and how it differs from multicultural advertising offers a window into white supremacy and the role of advertising in furthering its agenda. Advertising has long acted as a vehicle for white supremacy, and by analyzing diversity, there is something to be learned about the current work done by this medium. [race/ethnicity, advertising, media, diversity, white supremacy]
The Persistence of White Supremacy: Indigenous Women Migrants and the Structures of Settler Capitalism
Authors: Speed Shannon 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTSince the 2016 presidential election, there has been a resurgence of openly white supremacist discourse and action in the United States. The public debate following the election often suggested that Trump and his followers represented a backlash against the assumed progress of a multicultural and potentially even postracial society. However, the assumption inherent in this perspective, that white supremacy can be voted out or voted back in, is problematic. In this article, based on ten years of research with Indigenous women migrants from Mexico and Central America, I will apply an analytic of settler colonialism in order to explore how white supremacy is structured into our institutions and everyday social relations. In particular, I will consider the intersection of capitalism and the settler state, and how the changing needs of capitalism shape discourses of race differently over time yet remain fundamentally underwritten by white supremacist assumptions. Examining the shift from neoliberal multiculturalism to what I callneoliberal multicriminalism, I argue that neoliberal multiculturalism, with its accompanying discourses of tolerance and rights, may have reached its limits, and that the resurgence of open white supremacy is a response to the changing needs of white settler capitalist power. [white supremacy, patriarchy, settler colonialism, neoliberalism, migration]
5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural restores low‐oxygen rheology of sickle trait blood in vitro
Authors: Hansen Scott , Wood David K. , Higgins John M. 
Published: December 2019

SummarySickle cell trait (SCT) is the benign heterozygous carrier state for the sickle variant of the HBB gene. Most of the ~300 million people with SCT worldwide will not experience any significant complications. However, accumulating evidence finds SCT associated with increased risk for the common conditions of chronic kidney disease and venous thromboembolism, and severe but rare renal medullary carcinoma and exercise‐induced rhabdomyolysis. The mechanism is uncertain, but probably involves pathological rheology of SCT blood in regions of low oxygen tension, resulting from sickle haemoglobin polymerization in SCT red cells and leading to reduced blood flow and further tissue hypoxia and damage. Here, we used an in vitro microfluidic flow system to study the oxygen‐dependent rheology of SCT blood and show that 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural, a natural breakdown product of glucose and fructose‐containing foods, such as fruit juices, can reduce the effects of hypoxia on SCT blood rheology in vitro, restoring near‐normal flow velocities at very low oxygen. While opinions regarding the clinical significance of the risks associated with SCT are still evolving, these results suggest that a compound present in some food may provide a potential approach for managing risks that may be associated with SCT.
Illuminating the Dark Ages: Pupil Dilation as a Measure of Expectancy Violation Across the Life Span
Authors: Krüger Markus , Bartels Wolfgang , Krist Horst 
Published: December 2019

Mainly for methodological reasons, little is known about the course of development of early cognitive competencies diagnosed with the violation of expectation (VoE) method in infants. The goal of this research was to evaluate the use of pupillometry as a unified approach to assess expectancy violations during and beyond the “dark ages” between 1 and 3 years. We tested children aged 1–6 years and adults (N = 279) with pictures of animals combined with matching or mismatching animal sounds. All age groups exhibited significantly greater pupil dilation in mismatched than matched trials. We conclude that pupillometry is a viable alternative to the VoE method that, by contrast to the latter, can be used throughout the life span.
IGFBP7 acts as a negative regulator of RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and oestrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss
Authors: Ye Chenyi , Hou Weiduo , Chen Mo , Lu Jinwei , Chen Erman , Tang Lan , Hang Kai , Ding Qianhai , Li Yan , Zhang Wei , He Rongxin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesInsulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is a low‐affinity insulin growth factor (IGF) binder that may play an important role in bone metabolism. We previously reported that IGFBP7 enhanced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway. In this study, we tried to reveal its function in osteoclast differentiation and osteoporosis.MethodsWe used both in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the effects of IGFBP7 on RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis, together with the underlying molecular mechanisms of these processes.ResultsWe show that IGFBP7 inhibited receptor activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis, F‐actin ring formation and bone resorption, which was confirmed by using recombinant IGFBP7 protein, lentivirus and siRNA. The NF‐κB signalling pathway was inhibited during this process. Moreover, in a mouse ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis model, IGFBP7 treatment attenuated osteoporotic bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast activity.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings show that IGFBP7 suppressed osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo and suggest that IGFBP7 is a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis and plays a protective role in osteoporosis. These novel insights into IGFBP7 may facilitate the development of potential treatment strategies for oestrogen deficiency‐induced osteoporosis and other osteoclast‐related disorders.