bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Adaptation to Changing Mechanical Load by Ordered Recruitment of Identified Motor Neurons
Authors: Gill Jeffrey P. , Chiel Hillel J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs they interact with their environment and encounter challenges, animals adjust their behavior on a moment-to-moment basis to maintain task fitness. This dynamic process of adaptive motor control occurs in the nervous system, but an understanding of the biomechanics of the body is essential to properly interpret the behavioral outcomes. To study how animals respond to changing task conditions, we used a model system in which the functional roles of identified neurons and the relevant biomechanics are well understood and can be studied in intact behaving animals: feeding in the marine molluscAplysia. We monitored the motor neuronal output of the feeding circuitry as intact animals fed on uniform food stimuli under unloaded and loaded conditions, and we measured the force of retraction during loaded swallows. We observed a previously undescribed pattern of force generation, which can be explained within the appropriate biomechanical context by the activity of just a few key, identified motor neurons. We show that, when encountering load, animals recruit identified retractor muscle motor neurons for longer and at higher frequency to increase retraction force duration. Our results identify a mode by which animals robustly adjust behavior to their environment, which is experimentally tractable to further mechanistic investigation.
Formation of Competences of Future Educators for Requirements Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Kondur Oksana , Mykhailyshyn Halyna , Ridei Nataliia , Katsero Oksana 
Published: April 2020

With the help of analysis the recommendations of major international conferences, treaties and conventions over the last two decades of reforming the education system for sustainable development have substantiated that the range of scholars interested in addressing the issues of progress towards sustainability has expanded from economists to scientists and economists. Businessmen, educators and representatives of governments, politicians, managers who are trying to bring sustainable development ideas into practice with all stakeholders. Attention is directed to finding new solutions to the problems of sustainability of the biosphere and society. The main solution to the problems is the formation of national educational systems for sustainable development, which should include environmental, social and economic, organizational and managerial aspects of shaping the quality of training of specialists and the quality of life of humankind, using formal, non-formal inclusive democratically oriented models of education and science. In all areas with public awareness, broad access to education and a reorientation of the entire education system to take into account sustainable issues of development. Education for sustainable development should be at the forefront of the concepts and strategies for moving towards sustainability, which provided for the development of a National action plan for the implementation of the United Nations Strategy for education for sustainable development. It is established that activities to disseminate his ideas will help to improve the quality of education and to implement the principles of “Education for All”. Sustainable development issues should be included more actively in higher education institutions (HEI) curricula and science, at all levels to promote the formation of a national education system for sustainable development, and to formulate five- and ten-year framework programs and National action plans for the implementation of the UN Strategy. Transformation of HEI curricula and curriculum, primarily those providing pedagogical education, to form sustainable development competencies for future and contemporary teachers (academics) should be a priority of the National Action Plan for the implementation of the Strategy. We describe the basic requirements for the preparation of a modern teacher who would possess communication managerial, qualitative competencies.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien kanker tiroid berdiferensiasi baik (DTC) paska tiroidektomi total di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Sanglah, Denpasar
Authors: Aryanata I Gusti Ngurah Gde Dwi , Sudarsa I Wayan , Adiputra Putu Anda Tusta 
Published: April 2020

Background: Thyroid Cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. The majority of thyroid cancer (80-85%)Â is well differentiated. Surgery is the treatment of choice for Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC). This research aims to evaluate the quality of life of patients with thyroid cancer who have undergone total thyroidectomy compared to the general population and also assess the influencing factors.Methods: This research includes 50 patients suffering from DTC after total thyroidectomy and 50 participants were selected to represent the general population who are then asked to fill out a detailed questionnaire EORTC QLQ 30 Indonesia Version including demographic data and clinical data as the TSH levels, the type of histopathology and interval of time since diagnosis, taken from the patient's medical record. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and linear regression in STATA 14 for windows.Results: It is evident that the quality of life of patients with DTC after total thyroidectomy is significantly lower compared to the general population (P<0.05). In addition, several factors such as age, educational level and income of the family give a strong influence as for gender, marital status, employment status, and the time interval since diagnosis gives a mild influence to the quality of life (P<0.05). However, TSH levels and type of histopathology was not proven to affect the quality of life (P>0.05)Conclusion: There are several factors related to quality of life among patients with DTC such as age, educational level and income of the family, gender, marital status, employment status, and the time interval since diagnosis
Profil gangguan fungsi kognitif pada pasien pasca stroke iskemik di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar Bali, Indonesia periode 2019
Authors: Laksono Bimo Adi , Widyastuti Ketut , Trisnawati Sri Yenni 
Published: April 2020

Background: Stroke is a disease that affects straightly to the brain. Stroke occured due to obstruction of blood vessel that contain blood-transportingÂ nutrients to the brain, which lead to impairment in brain function, as well as cognitive function. Because ofÂ unavailibility of data in Sanglah General Hospital, this research must be done. This study aims to determine the cognitive function profile of post ischemic stroke patient in Sanglah General Hospital based on 5 cognitive domains.Methods: This study is an observational study, collecting data by cross sectional. Data sources were obtained from primary data in the form of interview and MoCA-Ina Test with data retrieval methods using totally sampling technique. The accessible population was patients post ichemic stroke in Sanglah General Hospital that is in a good awareness and fit for MoCA-Ina test.Results: From 26 patients that are accessible, 21 patients were diagnosed with cognitive impairment, which the majority in 41-50 range of age with 9 patients, male with 14 patients, last education of Junior High School with 7 patients, and memory being a domain which is most impaired with mean of 55,38% score.Conclusion: The most affected domain is after an ischemic stroke is memory and visuospacial function
Türkiyenin doğusunda II. basamak bir devlet hastanesinin perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi deneyimi
Authors: PEKSÖZ Rıfat , BORAZAN Serkan 
Published: April 2020

Giriş ve Amaç: Uzun süre beslenecek hastalarda enteral yol parenteral yola göre daha avantajlıdır. Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi diğer gastrostomi yöntemlerine göre daha avantajlı bir enteral beslenme çeşididir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin doğu kesiminde II. basamak bir devlet hastanesinde perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi takılan hastaları literatür verileri eşliğinde tartışmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Muş Devlet Hastanesi endoskopi ünitesinde Ocak 2017–Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi tüpü takılmış 30 hastaya ait veriler retrospektif olarak incelendi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaşları 18 ile 95 arasında olan 32 hasta alındı ve hastaların yaş ortalaması 68 yıl idi. Hastalar azalan sırasıyla anestezi yoğun bakım, nöroloji servisi, palyatif bakım birimi, genel yoğun bakım, dahiliye servisi, göğüs hastalıkları biriminden perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi işlemi için konsülte edildi. Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi takılan hastaların endikasyonları azalan sırasıyla; serebrovasküler olay, hipoksik iskemik ensefalopati, Alzheimer, Parkinson, demans, amiyotrofik lateral skleroz, özofagus kanseri, subakut sklerozan panensefalit, aspirasyon pnömonisi, miyokard enfarktüsü, beyin cerrahi ameliyatı sonrası, elektrik çarpması sonucu oral alamayan (quadriplejik) hastalar idi. Hastalarımızda işlem sonrası majör komplikasyon gözlenmedi. Minör komplikasyon oranı 7/30 (%23) idi.
Sonuç: Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi uzun dönem beslenme gereksinimi olan hastalar için enteral beslenmenin en güvenilir yoludur. Perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi işlemi II. basamak hastanelerde de kolaylıkla ve güvenle yapılabilir.
A comparative study of effectiveness, safety and cost effectiveness of olanzapine, risperidone and aripiprazole therapy in schizophrenia
Authors: Kanani Pooja R. , Pillai Ajita 
Published: April 2020

Background: Schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder and responsible for approximately half of long-term psychiatric hospitalizations. Antipsychotic medications reduce the psychotic symptoms and prevent relapses. The choice of drug for treatment of schizophrenia depends on many issues, including effectiveness, cost, side-effect burden, availability, and tolerability. Many studies have compared antipsychotic drugs with one another, but no broad consensus has been reached. Our study compares the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics in our setting.Methods: This was an observational, prospective study in which schizophrenia patients receiving either olanzapine, risperidone or aripiprazole were enrolled. Patients were followed up for 3 months. Evaluation of effectiveness was done by analysing mean reduction in PANSS score. Analysis of ADRs was done using WHO causality scale and Hartwig and Siegel severity scale. Cost analysis was done by comparing all three groups in term of cost range of antipsychotic drugs per improvement in PANSS score during the study period.Results: In the present study, the average dose of antipsychotic drugs received by a patient per day was 8.83±2.98 mg in olanzapine group, 4.76±1.12 mg in risperidone group and 20.43±8.5 mg in aripiprazole group. Mean reduction in PANSS score from baseline to 12 weeks was 23.79% in olanzapine group, 25.41% in risperidone group and 24.65% in aripiprazole group. Conclusions: All the groups were equally effective in reduction in PANSS score while risperidone was the most cost effective.
Study prevalence of risk factors and clinical presentation of ventral incisional hernia an observational study
Authors: Nigam Anjana , Nirala S. L. , Bhusakhare Niraj 
Published: April 2020

Background: Incisional hernia is the second most common type of hernia after inguinal hernia. It is a complication of abdominal surgery, reported in up to 11% of patients generally and in up to 20% of those who developed post operative wound infection. The list of predictive factors associated with development of incisional hernia is obesity, diabetes mellitus, steroid, smoking, old age, malnutrition, COPD and type of incision.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional observational study carried out from February 2018 - October 2019 in surgery department of Dr. B.R.A.M. Hospital Raipur C.G, with diagnosis of incisional hernia. Total 100 patients were included in the study.Results: In present study the mean age of study subjects was 47.27±13.16 years. Around two-third 64% were females. 40% of perforation and 35% of LSCS cases later develop to Incisional hernia. Risk factors profile showed that 31% were alcoholic, 27% smokers, 48% pre-obese and 5% were obese. 36% were hypertensive, 48% diabetic, and 12% had constipation. 25% had prolonged cough, 35% had surgical site infection, 45% had anemia. Clinical presentation of study subjects showed that 63% had swelling, 33% had swelling and pain and 4% had obstruction.Conclusions: Incisional hernia is more common in female than males and in cases above the age of 45 years. It is more common in patients who underwent the previous surgery on an emergency basis especially in perforation and obstruction and LSCS cases. Risk factors associated with incisional hernia are smoker, alcoholic, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, constipation, prolong cough and anemia.
Management of patients with forearm and hand injuries
Authors: Bisht Bhaskar , Rajan Manu , Dvivedi Sanjay , Rawat Kinnari A. V. , Konda Sireesha 
Published: April 2020

Background: Injuries to the hand and the forearm, particularly crush injuries have always been a major challenge to even the best of surgeons, whether it is a major case of a mangled hand by a high pressure injury or even a small case as an injury to the tip of the finger by getting squashed in a closing door. Any injuries in the forearm and the hand requires a very meticulous and thoughtful approach towards coverage with the aim of maximal restoration of function as well aesthetic appearance.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Ram Nagar, Dehradun, over the period of 12 months. Subjects were recruited from patients presenting in emergency/surgery OPD, HIMS, Dehradun with a primary diagnosis of soft tissue injuries in the forearm and the hand. A total of 114 patients were included in the study.Results: 39.5% (45 patients) were treated with combined modalities, including debridement, grafting & flap coverage. 14.1% (16 patients) required some form of orthopaedics intervention. 21.1% (24 patients) needed neurovascular or tendon repair surgery. 37.7% (43 patients) faced some sort of early or late complications. Conclusions: Proper assessment and management of complex injuries of hand and forearm is mandatory for a good functional and aesthetic outcome.
Socio-demographic determinants of tuberculosis patients attending directly observed treatment short course centre in urban Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Yadav Manoj Kumar , Raghav Mohit , Chaudhary S. S. , . Manisha 
Published: April 2020

Background: Tuberculosis was the first infectious disease declared by the WHO as a global health emergency. Men are more commonly affected than women. The case notifications were higher in males than in females most countries. The objective of the study was to assess socio-demographic determinants of tuberculosis patients attending directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) centre in Urban Ghaziabad.Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. The study was carried out in selected DOTS centres of district Ghaziabad. 850 study subjects age group more than 15 years were included. Multistage sampling was done. Numbers and percentage were used. SPSS version 13 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Majority 41.17% of tuberculosis (TB) patients belonged to 15-25 years age group. 30.58% patients were in 26-35 years age group followed by 23.52% in 36-45 years age group and least 4.70% were in >45 years age group. Majority 54.1% of TB patients were females that compared to 45.9% were males. Among tuberculosis patients majority 58.82% were married as compared to 40% were unmarried and least 1.18% were widow. 75.29% tuberculosis patients were Hindus as compared to 22.35 were Muslims and least 2.35% were Sikh/Christian. Among tuberculosis patients majority 44.71% were from nuclear family. 31.76% had joint family and least 23.53% had 3rd generation family.Conclusions: It was concluded that socio-demographic determinants were low. It was recommended to raise socioeconomic standard of population, give health education to improve personal habit and stop TB transmission.
Association between predisposing factors and adults obesity from rural field practice area of a tertiary care centre, an experience from rural Bihar: a case control study
Authors: Chandra Vikash , Choudhary Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Sanjay , Kumari Abha 
Published: April 2020

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) defined obesity and overweight as abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that may impair health. Obesity is a serious health issue and predisposes individuals to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality from conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. The aims and objective of this study was to identify predisposing factors associated with obesity among adults.Methods: The present case-control study was conducted among adults between 20 to 60 years of age group. The cases of obesity were identified during this study. Multi-stage sampling was done. Thus a total of 1200 subjects were studied in study setting. Pretested semi-structured proforma was used for data collection from cases and controls which involved personal interview with the respondents and clinical examination. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2010 after coding. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software. The statistical significance was evaluated at 95% confidence interval level.Results: In this study 110 obese cases and equal number of controls were compared. It is seen that the difference between cases and controls was statistically significant with regard to age (p=0.001), sex (p=0.004), occupation (p=0.000), socioeconomic status (p=0.000), education (p=0.000), tobacco use (for males only, p=0.003), physical activity (p=0.001), duration of watching TV (p=0.000) and family history of obesity (p=0.000).Conclusions: There is necessary need to health education among adults on the aspects of healthy food habits and desired lifestyles to prevent obesity/overweight and its other associated ill effects.
Is Indian osteoarthritis different? Emerging scenarios of disease pattern and implications for diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis in India
Authors: Kohli Pavankumar , Waybase Hanumant , Patel Poorv , Naik L. G. , Colaco Rajiv , Nadkarni Sunil , Gore Satishchandra 
Published: April 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> There are many studies to show comparative cartilage wear of medial and lateral compartment of knee. However, there are no studies in Indians that compare relative cartilage loss between femur and tibia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 44 patients with osteoarthritic knee at our center were posted for operative intervention in the form of partial or total knee arthroplasty and included in this study. Each patient had an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (cartogram) and weight bearing X-rays of the same knee. Intraoperative qualitative cartilage loss both femoral and tibial surfaces was observed and confirmed with preop findings of cartilage loss on X-ray or MRI.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The wear/loss of cartilage in 44 patients in femur is approximately twice that of tibia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Femoral cartilage loss is significantly more than tibia in Indians. These findings carry significance of not waiting for bone on bone arthritis to consider active treatment for Indian osteoarthritis patients. Bone on bone arthritis has so far been considered the litmus test for any intervention for osteoarthritis, even in India. Specific attention should rather be given to the femoral condyle clinically and radiologically. The authors have already described “The Dervan RIM sign” for the same purpose. The wear pattern is different from Caucasians and focus cannot be on joint space narrowing which is only with equally prevalent tibial and femoral cartilage wear.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
The Machine in the Body—the Body in the Machine: Perception of the Human Body in a Post-Biological Society
Authors: Gruchoła Małgorzata 
Published: April 2020

Maszyna w ciele – ciało w maszynie: postrzeganie ciała ludzkiego w społeczeństwie postbiologicznym
Celem artykułu była krytyczna analiza relacji ciało–maszyna w społeczeństwie postbiologicznym, w ujęciu Roya Ascotta z dwóch perspektyw (David Tomas): z jednej strony funkcjonowanie maszyny w ciele jako przejaw transgresji, z drugiej – funkcjonowanie ciała w maszynie jako wyzwanie transhumanizmu. Przyjęto pytanie badawcze: jaki obraz ciała proponuje i narzuca społeczeństwo postbiologiczne? Jak maszyna cybernetyczna funkcjonuje wewnątrz ciała ludzkiego oraz jak ciało funkcjonuje w maszynie? Czy podejmowane próby w ramach transhumanizmu nie zmierzają w kierunku internetu ciał? Przyjęto hipotezę, że przekraczanie kolejnych granic ciała w ramach transgresji i transhumanizmu zmienia relację ciało–maszyna. Artykuł ma charakter konceptualny oraz analityczno-opisowy. Hipoteza została potwierdzona.
Luxuria, grzech i kara. Przyczynek do badań ikonograficznych Ołtarza Sądu Ostatecznego Jheronimusa Boscha (i jego warsztatu) z Akademie der Bildenden Künste w Wiedniu. Część II
Authors: Kubies Grzegorz 
Published: April 2020

Ołtarz Sądu Ostatecznego z Wiednia uważany jest obecnie przez członków Bosch Research and Conservation Project za dzieło Jheronimusa Boscha (ok. 1450-1516) i jego warsztatu. Reminiscencje oraz aluzje do grzechów nieczystości uobecniają się w Ołtarzu wiedeńskim wielokrotnie. Choć w kilku scenach pojawiają się instrumenty muzyczne, często w sztuce łączone z miłością, to w literaturze przedmiotu aspekty muzyczne są często marginalizowane lub wręcz pomijane. Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu, oprócz analizy ikonograficznej (profilowanej muzykologicznie) owych kilku scen (część I), jest próba dotarcia do źródeł ideowych powiązania w wizji zaświatów dwóch elementów: kar odpowiadających jednemu z grzechów głównych (luxuria) z muzyką (część II). Umuzycznione sceny, wykazujące związki z malarstwem miniatorskim, przywołują także na myśl realia historyczne – aspekty praktyki wykonawczej w ramach muzykowania prywatnego przełomu XV-XVI wieku. Jako najważniejsze źródła literackie inspiracji malarza jawią się Biblia, Wizja Thurkila oraz Strumień światła Boskości Mechtyldy z Magdeburga. Korespondencja pewnych motywów w scenach przedstawiających grzechy nieczystości (Tryptyk Wędrowca, Wóz z sianem, Siedem Grzechów Głównych i Cztery Rzeczy Ostateczne) z odpowiadającymi im motywami w Ołtarzu wiedeńskim, dowodzi istnienia w pracowni Jheronimusa Boscha spójnego systemu mentalno-światopoglądowego, w którym kara wiecznego potępienia nosi piętno uciech ziemskich.
Salvation from Oblivion: Teofila Bobko-Jankowska (1920–2009)
Authors: Boroch Robert 
Published: April 2020

Ocalić od zapomnienia: Teofila Bobko-Jankowska (1920–2009)
Artykuł stanowi dokumentację twórczości miejscowej poetki Teofili Bobko-Jankowskiej (1920–2009) związanej z warmińską miejscowością Biskupiec. Zebrany materiał należy do kategorii badań nad regionalizmem i antropologią literatury polskiej, stanowiąc dokumentację wytworów kultury powstałych w małych strukturach społecznych oraz siły ich społecznego oddziaływania na procesy związane z ochroną kultury w regionie warmińskim po roku 1945. W tym kontekście literatura regionalna i lokalni twórcy kultury wywierają wpływ na możliwości wytwórcze miejscowej kultury, co przekłada się bezpośrednio na rozwój i konsolidację potencjału twórczego kultury miejscowej.