bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Same‐day deliveries in omnichannel retail: Integrated order picking and vehicle routing with vehicle‐site dependencies
Authors: Schubert Daniel , Kuhn Heinrich , Holzapfel Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurrently, the most common delivery mode offered in online retailing is next‐day delivery. Retailers, however, are investigating whether same‐day deliveries can be offered to online and store customers in order to meet increasing customer requirements. The present paper considers an integrated order picking and vehicle routing problem assuming same‐day delivery in the field of omnichannel retailing. Within this context the paper focuses on the picking and delivery process for large durable consumer goods, for example, consumer electronics and home appliances with the option of associated installation services at the customer's home as well as store deliveries for click‐and‐collect customers and the short‐term replenishment of store inventory. We develop a decision support model and a general variable neighborhood search‐based algorithm that tackle the problem described by considering the tradeoff between picking and delivery costs while ensuring customers' delivery time windows. The results show the benefits of an integrated solution approach amounting to approx. 13% total cost savings on average, compared to a sequential approach typically applied in retail practice. A case study from an internationally operating omnichannel retailer demonstrates the advantages and applicability of the modeling and solution approach suggested.
Algebraic multigrid for the nonlinear powerflow equations
Authors: Lee Barry , Pereira Batista Enrique 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn a recent article, one of the authors developed a multigrid technique for coarse‐graining dynamic powergrid models. A key component in this technique is a relaxation‐based coarsening of the graph Laplacian given by the powergrid network and its weighted graph, which is represented by the admittance matrix. In this article, we use this coarsening strategy to develop a multigrid method for solving a static system of nonlinear equations that arises through Ohm's law, the so‐called powerflow equations. These static equations are tightly knitted to the dynamic model in that the full powergrid model is an algebraic‐differential system with the powerflow equations describing the algebraic constraints. We assume that the dynamic model corresponds to a stable operating powergrid, and thus, the powerflow equations are associated with a physically stable system. This stability permits the coarsening of the powerflow equations to be based on an approximate graph Laplacian, which is embedded in the powerflow system. By algebraically constructing a hierarchy of approximate weighted graph Laplacians, a hierarchy of nonlinear powerflow equations immediately becomes apparent. This latter hierarchy can then be used in a full approximation scheme (FAS) framework that leads to a nonlinear solver with generally a larger basin of attraction than Newton's method. Given the algebraic multigrid (AMG) coarsening of the approximate Laplacians, the solver is an AMG‐FAS scheme. Alternatively, using the coarse‐grid nodes and interpolation operators generated for the hierarchy of approximate graph Laplacians, a multiplicative‐correction scheme can be derived. The derivation of both schemes will be presented and analyzed, and numerical examples to demonstrate the performance of these schemes will be given.
Rapid classification and identification of chemical constituents in Epimedium koreanum Nakai by UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS combined with data post‐processing techniques
Authors: Li Ning , Xie Lijuan , Yang Na , Sun Guijiang , Liu Hui , Bi Chenghao , Duan Jingyi , Yuan Yu , Yu Hongxin , Xu Yanyan , Li Yubo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionEpimedium koreanum Nakai (EKN), is a well‐known Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of osteoporosis, immunosuppression, tumours and cardiovascular diseases. Comprehensive component identification is essential for elucidation of its pharmacological mechanism and quality control. However, its complex chemical composition has caused certain difficulties in the analysis of this traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a method for rapid classification and identification of EKN chemical components.ObjectiveTo establish a method for rapid classification and identification of the main components of flavonoids, organic acids and alkaloids in EKN.MethodsThe samples were analysed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) and data post‐processing techniques. The UPLC system used a BEH C18 column to separate the total extract of EKN. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile, and the EKN extract was analysed by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. In both the positive and negative ion modes, the fragment information was obtained and compared with those of the characteristic fragmentations and neutral losses described in the literature to quickly identify the target compounds.ResultsFinally, we successfully screened out 51 chemical components, including 40 flavonoids, nine organic acids, and two alkaloids.ConclusionThe established method not only comprehensively analysed the chemical compositions of EKN, solved the difficult problems of analysis and identification of the complex chemical compositions of the TCM, but also further promoted the development of the application of chemical compositions of TCM.
Immunoprotective potential of Ayurvedic herb Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) against respiratory viral infections – LC–MS/MS and network pharmacology analysis
Authors: Banerjee Subhadip , Kar Amit , Mukherjee Pulok K. , Haldar Pallab K. , Sharma Nanaocha , Katiyar Chandra Kant 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionImmunity boosting has emerged as a global strategy to fight the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic situation. In India, AYUSH systems of medicine have been promoted as an immune‐protection strategy. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F) Nees (AP) mentioned in Ayurveda has been widely used for treating sore throat, flu, and upper respiratory tract infections which may provide possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS‐CoV‐2 and its pathways.ObjectivesThe present work uses liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) metabolomics and combination synergy analysis based on network pharmacology to mine multimode evidence to understand the possible mechanism of action, diseases association, protein–protein interaction and major pathways involved therein.Material and methodsMetabolite profiling was performed by Agilent QTOF LC–MS/MS system. Network pharmacology analysis was performed by using functional annotation analysis based on databases like Binding DB, STRING, DAVID and KEGG for further data mining. Further combination synergy was evaluated using “neighbourhood approach” and networks were constructed through Cytoscape 3.2.1.ResultsThe molecules from kalmegh provides immune‐protection and anti‐viral response via involving different pathways, like toll‐like receptor pathway, PI3/AKT pathway and MAP kinase pathways against COVID‐19 infection. The KEGG analysis showed that in a vast majority of the most enriched pathways, AP were associated with viral infections and upper respiratory tract infections.ConclusionsThe results suggest a synergy between andrographolide and other molecules identified as safe and efficacious anti‐inflammatory agent having effects on upper respiratory tract infections and can significantly decrease the production of cytokines and pro‐inflammatory factors in viral infections.
Socioeconomic barriers to prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease
Authors: Campbell Matthew J. , Lorch Scott , Rychik Jack , Quartermain Michael D. , Passarella Molly , Groeneveld Peter W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study was designed to assess the impact of socioeconomic barriers on the rate of prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD).MethodsThis was a retrospective review of the Medicaid analytic extract (MAX) dataset, a national Medicaid administrative claims database with linked maternal‐infant claims, from 2007 to 2012. Infants with CCHD were identified by searching for International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 codes and Procedural Coding System (PCS) codes for CCHD within the first 6 months after the delivery date. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of maternal and socioeconomic factors on the prenatal diagnosis rate.ResultsThere were 4702 mother‐infant dyads included in the analysis. The prenatal diagnosis rate of CCHD was 27.9%. Factors independently associated with odds of prenatal diagnosis of CCHD were presence of maternal diabetes (OR, 2.055; P < .001), ZIP code level median household income (OR, 1.005; P = .015), sonographer labor quotient (OR, 1.804; P = .047), the year of the delivery (OR, 1.155; P < .001), and needing a view other than a 4 chamber or outflow tract view to obtain the diagnosis (OR, 0.383; P < .001).ConclusionMaternal health, diabetes, socioeconomic factors, and access to sonographers impacts prenatal diagnosis of CCHD.
Thermal degradation kinetics study of molten polylactide based on Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Zenan , Guo Xuemei , He Zhangping , Liang Xianrong , Wang Mengmeng , Jin Gang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe thermal degradation of polylactide (PLA) during melt processing may lead to poor product properties. In this study, a unique Raman system was applied to explore the thermal degradation kinetics of molten PLA under five different temperatures and three atmospheres. It was found that the intensity of specific Raman bands correlated with the concentration of functional groups in the PLA during the degradation process. Kinetic models for thermal degradation were established based on the intensity of the characteristic band of C‐COO. Kinetic parameters determined by kinetic models quantitatively revealed the effect of temperature and atmosphere on thermal degradation. Furthermore, time sweep rheological tests using the same degradation conditions were performed for verification, and the results corroborated the spectral analyses. This investigation demonstrates the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for thermal degradation kinetic analysis.
Interfacial characteristics of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐grafted‐halloysites nanotubes bionanocomposites
Authors: Ghorbel Nouha , Raihane Mustapha , Lahcini Mohammed , Kallel Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDielectric and thermal characterization of nanohybrid films based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) biopolymer were investigated. Nano‐composites samples with distinct loadings of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) were prepared by in situ Ring Opening Polymerisation of ε‐caprolactone. The effect of the incorporated HNT on the molecular relaxation process and interfacial polarization of PCL was studied via broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) on a frequency domain starting from 1E‐1 to 1E6 Hz and at temperatures ranging from −70°C to 50°C. The BDS measurements revealed four significant dielectric processes α‐primary relaxation attributed to glass transition,β‐secondary relaxation and two interfacial polarizations due to the semi‐crystalline character of PCL and the added HNT fillers. According to our results, the weight ratio of HNT ranging between 3% and 5% is recommended for achieving the highest performing nanocomposite that can be used in several applications.
Interface analysis of ultrathin SiO2 layers between c‐Si substrates and phosphorus‐doped poly‐Si by theoretical surface potential analysis using the injection‐dependent lifetime
Authors: Choi Sungjin , Baek Jimin , Kim Taejun , Min Kwan Hong , Jeong Myeong Sang , Song Hee‐eun , Kang Min Gu , Kim Donghwan , Kang Yoonmook , Lee Hae‐Seok , Myoung Jae‐Min , Park Sungeun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPassivated contact structures are often representative of tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) and polycrystalline silicon on oxide (POLO) solar cells. These passivated contact technologies in silicon solar cells have experienced great strides in efficiency. However, characteristics analysis of poly‐Si/SiO2 applied to TOPCon and POLO solar cells as a carrier‐selective and passivated contact is still challenging because the silicon oxide film is very thin (<1.5 nm), poly‐Si and silicon oxide properties change during thermal treatment for passivation effects, and dopant diffusion from poly‐Si layer to the silicon wafer occurs. In this study, the interfacial analysis was performed by applying an algorithm based on the extended Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) theory to the P‐doped poly‐Si/SiO2/c‐Si structure. Quantitative parameters of the P‐doped poly‐Si/SiO2/c‐Si interface were extracted by fitting the measured and simulated lifetime curves with algorithms, such as Dit (interface trap density) and Qf (fixed charge), from which we were able to elucidate the passivation effect of the interface. The interface analysis method using this algorithm is meaningful in that it can quantify the passivation characteristics of TOPCon with very thin silicon oxide film. The interface characteristics were also analyzed using the injection‐dependent lifetime after thermal treatment of P‐doped poly‐Si/SiO2/c‐Si samples for passivation effect. After the 850°C thermal treatment, the following best passivation effects were verified, namely, ψs = 0.248 eV, Dit = 1.0 × 1011 cm−2·eV−1, Qf = 2.4 × 1012 cm−2, and J02 = 370 pA·cm−2. Through the analysis model using carrier lifetime theory, we investigated quantitatively the passivation properties of P‐doped poly‐Si/SiO2/c‐Si.
Assessment of bronchial obstruction and its reversibility by shape indexes of the flow‐volume loop in asthmatic children
Authors: Berrier Amaury , Tiotiu Angelica , Bonabel Claude , Richard David , Nguyen‐Thi Phi Linh , Demoulin‐Alexikova Silvia , Schweitzer Cyril , Ioan Iulia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAsthma assessment by spirometry is challenging in children as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) is frequently normal at baseline. Bronchodilator (BD) reversibility testing may reinforce asthma diagnosis but FEV1 sensitivity in children is controversial. Ventilation inhomogeneity, an early sign of airway obstruction, is described by the upward concavity of the descending limb of the forced expiratory flow‐volume loop (FVL), not detected by FEV1. The aim was to test the sensitivity and specificity of FVL shape indexes as β‐angle and forced expiratory flow at 50% of the forced vital capacity (FEF50)/peak expiratory flow (PEF) ratio, to identify asthmatics from healthy children in comparison to “usual” spirometric parameters. Seventy‐two school‐aged asthmatic children and 29 controls were prospectively included. Children performed forced spirometry at baseline and after BD inhalation. Parameters were expressed at baseline as z‐scores and BD reversibility as percentage of change reported to baseline value (Δ%). Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated and sensitivity and specificity at respective thresholds reported. Asthmatics presented significantly smaller zβ‐angle, zFEF50/PEF and zFEV1 (p ≤ .04) and higher BD reversibility, significant for Δ%FEF50/PEF (p = .02) with no difference for Δ%FEV1. zβ‐angle and zFEF50/PEF exhibited better sensitivity (0.58, respectively 0.60) than zFEV1 (0.50), and similar specificity (0.72). Δ%β‐angle showed higher sensitivity compared to Δ%FEV1 (0.72 vs. 0.42), but low specificity (0.52 vs. 0.86). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of FVL by adding shape indexes to spirometry interpretation may improve the ability to detect an airway obstruction, FEV1 reflecting more proximal while shape indexes peripheral bronchial obstruction.
Efficient monitoring of coefficient of variation with an application to chemical reactor process
Authors: Mahmood Tahir , Abbasi Saddam Akber 
Published: November 2020

AbstractControl chart is a useful tool to monitor the performance of the industrial or production processes. Control charts are mostly adopted to detect unfavorable variations in process location (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) parameters. In the literature, many control charts are designed for the monitoring of process variability under the assumption that the process mean is constant over time and the standard deviation is independent of the mean. However, for many real‐life processes, the standard deviation may be proportional to mean, and hence it is more appropriate to monitor the process coefficient of variation (CV). In this study, we are proposing a design structure of the Shewhart type CV control chart under neoteric ranked set sampling with an aim to improve the detection ability of the usual CV chart. A comprehensive simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed chart in terms of , and measures. Moreover, the comparison of chart is made with the existing competitive charts, based on simple random sampling, ranked set sampling (RSS), median RSS, and extreme RSS schemes. The results revealed that the proposed chart has better detection ability as compared to all existing competitive charts. Finally, a real‐life example is presented to illustrate the working of the newly proposed CV chart.
System for assessing the sustainability conditions of small hydro plants by fuzzy logic
Authors: Clauberg Ana Paula Coelho , de Mello Renato , Simioni Flávio José , Sehnem Simone 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work presents a system for an integrated evaluation of the implementation of small hydroelectric power plants (SHPs), based on a soft decision tree. The method generates the enterprise's sustainability index, where economic, environmental, and social aspects are considered in its interactions, with indicators measured in the field, sectoral indexes, and final index generated by fuzzy logic rule blocks. The methodology used to select the indicators and indexes followed four phases. First, a fuzzy expert system (FES) was developed in the form of a soft decision tree. Then, the array of suggested variables and weights were submitted to expert analysis using the Delphi methodology, and their assessments were collected. The third phase was the improvement of the system, taking into account the obtained considerations. In the fourth phase, the system was applied to a case study based on the installation of an SHP in the southern region of Brazil. The results obtained in the case study showed the sustainability of the enterprise. The presented method can have a significant contribution in supporting decisions regarding the licensing of hydroelectric projects.
Engineering Atomic Sites via Adjacent Dual‐Metal Sub‐Nanoclusters for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Qi Defeng , Liu Yifan , Hu Min , Peng Xianyun , Qiu Yuan , Zhang Shusheng , Liu Wei , Li Hongyi , Hu Guangzhi , Zhuo Longchao , Qin Yongji , He Jia , Qi Gaocan , Sun Jiaqiang , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractN‐coordinated transition‐metal materials are crucial alternatives to design cost‐effective, efficient, and highly durable catalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, the synthesis of uniformly distributed Cu−Zn clusters on porous N‐doped carbon, which are accompanied by Cu/Zn‐Nx single sites, is demonstrated. X‐ray absorption fine structure tests reveal the co‐existence of M−N (M = Cu or Zn) and M−M bonds in the catalyst. The catalyst shows excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance in an alkaline medium with a positive half‐wave potential of 0.884 V, a superior kinetic current density of 36.42 mA cm−2 at 0.85 V, and a Tafel slope of 45 mV dec−1, all of which are among the best‐reported results. Furthermore, when employed as an air cathode in Zn‐Air battery, it reveals a high open‐cycle potential of 1.444 V and a peak power density of 164.3 mW cm−2. Comprehensive experiments and theoretical calculations approved that the high activity of the catalyst can be attributed to the collaboration of the Cu/Zn‐N4 sites with CuZn moieties on N‐doped carbons.
Novel OSA‐Modified Starch from Gros Michel Banana for Encapsulation of Andean Blackberry Concentrate: Production and Storage Stability
Authors: Quintero‐Castaño Victor Dumar , Vasco‐Leal José Fernando , Cuellar‐Nuñez Liceth , Luzardo‐Ocampo Ivan , Castellanos‐Galeano Francisco , Álvarez‐Barreto Cristina , Bello‐Pérez Luis Arturo , Cortés‐Rodriguez Misael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChemically modified starches from underutilized food sources such as Colombian Musaceae can be combined with additives and proper transformation procedures, as wall materials preserving bioactive compounds. This work aims to find the best conditions for encapsulating blackberry concentrate (BBC) using octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)‐modified starch from Gros Michel banana (GMB). Experimental designs are conducted to optimize the BBC emulsion and the spray‐drying process. The solubility is the most influenced response in the spray‐drying process. Synergistic interactions between the OSA‐modified GMB starch and maltodextrin content contribute to the desirability response. OSA‐modified GMB starch produces appropriate powders with low particle size (D10: 22.2 µm, D50: 40.7 µm) and hygroscopicity (20.87 g/100 g) while exhibiting a high yield (58.94 g/100 g), total phenolics (TP) content (≈91 mg GAE/g sample), antioxidant capacity (≈89 µg TE/g sample), and encapsulation efficiency (53.01%). The obtained powders in this work have a half‐life time (15 °C) of 3.1 months (solubility) and 51.6 months (D10). These results indicate the advantage of using OSA‐modified GMB starch to produce spray‐dried BBC powders, preserving its TP content. In conclusion, OSA‐modified starches from GMB are new materials that can be used in spray drying.
Recent Progress in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon‐Based Organic Co‐Crystals
Authors: Hu Ben‐Lin , Zhang Qichun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, the development of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)‐based organic co‐crystals has attracted increasing interest due to their unique packing modes, optic‐electronic properties and various potential applications in electronic, optic‐electronic and magnetic devices. In this account, we mainly discuss the definition, classification, packing patterns, preparation methods, and applications of PAH‐based co‐crystals. Specifically, the main categories of PAH‐based organic co‐crystals, the frequent methods to prepare them, three main packing patterns, their optical and electrical properties, and their potential applications will be presented. Finally, an outlook of this field is provided.