bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sensitivity and Specificity of Parental Report of Concern for Identifying Language Disorder in Children With Craniosynostosis
Authors: Kilcoyne Sarah , Rajan Sindhu Menon , Dalton Louise , Judge Andy , Overton Sarah , Wall Steven , Johnson David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany factors that may co-occur with craniosynostosis, such as oral structural anomalies, hearing impairment, visual impairment, cognitive difficulties and psychosocial factors, may predispose this population to communication difficulties. At the Oxford Craniofacial Unit, children's speech, language and communication are regularly monitored in accordance with a systematic developmental screening protocol developed by the Speech and Language Therapists in the 4 United Kingdom (UK) Highly Specialized Craniofacial Centers. In addition to routine assessments, when parents attend routine multidisciplinary clinic appointments, they are asked about their child's communication development, and whether they have any concerns.A retrospective review was undertaken of parental concerns about hearing, speech development, behavior, physical development, concentration, school and friendships as indicated by parents on the Oxford Craniofacial Unit Pre-Clinic Questionnaire. The areas of concern were then correlated with the results of a standardized, guided parent questionnaire about children's language development, (Children's Communication Checklist - 2 (CCC-2)), to determine whether parental concern alone is a reliable way of identifying whether patients require further assessment for Language Disorder associated with Craniosynostosis.Participants were parents of 89 monolingual English-speaking children with craniosynostosis (62 male; 27 female), age range four to 13 years (mean age = 8 years 7 months), receiving active care at the Oxford Craniofacial Unit (June 2017-July 2018). Results of the pre-clinic questionnaire indicated that 6% of parents had concerns about their child's communication development. Results of the CCC-2 indicated that 29/89 (32.6%) of children required further assessment for Language Disorder associated with Craniosynostosis. When language difficulties were identified on the CCC-2, only 14% (n = 4/29) parents indicated concern on the pre clinic questionnaire. Results indicated that parental concern about behavior was the most important factor in identifying language disorder (P = 0.023).Results reinforce that the pre-clinic questionnaire is useful for identifying areas of parental concern. Results also indicate that parental concern alone is not sufficient to identify language disorder, and that further, detailed assessment is warranted. The results are consistent with previously reported links between behavior and language in the general population.
The Effect on Patient Satisfaction of the Postoperative Nasal Topographic, Demographic, and Functional Results of Open and Closed Septorhinoplasty Techniques
Authors: Metin Mehmet , Avcu Mustafa 
Published: October 2020

Aim:
To evaluate the contribution to patient satisfaction of the newly reshaped topographic anatomy of the nose, demographic, and functional results in the postoperative period of septorhinoplasty surgery.

Method:
A total of 370 patients applied with open and closed septorhinoplasty techniques for various reasons were grouped according to the postoperative Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) Scale results; Group 1 (open rhinoplasty satisfied group, ROE ≥12 points, n:194), Group 2 (open rhinoplasty dissatisfied group, ROE <12 points, n:23), Group 3 (closed rhinoplasty satisfied group, ROE ≥12 points, n:137), Group 4 (closed rhinoplasty dissatisfied group, ROE <12 points, n:16). The groups were evaluated in respect of the effect on patient satisfaction of functional and demographic variables and satisfaction with the topographic outcome of the nose.

Results:
The effect of the topographic surgical results was evaluated on patient satisfaction. A correlation was determined between nasal topographic satisfaction and patient satisfaction (r:0.228, P = 0.009). In the subgroup analyses, the only factor among the topographic factors which had an effect on satisfaction was the nasal tip (r:0.187, P = 0.024). Although 30.7% (n:39) of patients dissatisfied with the surgery reported that they were not satisfied with the nasal base results, no correlation was determined between nasal base and satisfaction (r:0.091, P = 0.463). The strongest correlations of patient satisfaction were determined to be with subjective (NOSE score [r:0.530, P < 0.001]) and objective (high nasal resistance levels [r:0.579, P < 0.001]) functional results.

Conclusion:
The 2 basic components of postoperative satisfaction with SRP surgery were shown to be functional healing and cosmetic outcomes. Of the surgical topographic results, nasal tip and nasal base were the parts determined to require the most attention.
Contralateral Subfrontal Supraorbital Approach for Microsurgical Resection of Optic Canal Meningioma
Authors: Eroglu Umit , Sayaci Emre Yagiz , Buyuktepe Murat , Caglar Yusuf Sukru 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Meningiomas are mostly benign tumors of the central nervous system. Recurrence can be seen in clinoidal meningiomas especially extending into optic canal. We present a patient with a history of left clinoidal meningioma excision via pterional approach and recurrence purely in left optic canal. Optic canal drilling is necessary for complete removal of these type of tumors. Contralateral subfrontal approach with an eyebrow incision and a keyhole supraorbital craniotomy was used for this patient. Contralateral viewing of the surgical area provided direct angles and created better workspace for the surgeon. Total excision was achieved with no additional neurological deficits in the postoperative period. This approach can be used with its wide exposure of surgical site, potential space usage without need of retraction and better postoperative scar healing.
Influence of Upper Airway Surgery on Voice and Speech Recognition
Authors: Hernández-García Estefanía , Velazquez Laureano Moro , González Ramón , Godino Llorente Juan Ignacio , Plaza Guillermo 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
Upper airway surgery comprises a set of techniques that modify the anatomy of the vocal tract, including tonsillectomy and septoplasty. The objective of this work is to study the changes in acoustic parameters and the effects on the identification or verification of the speaker through the speech produced after the vocal tract surgeries, comparing them with a control group.

Methods:
A prospective study was performed between January 2019 and June 2019 including. The final study sample consisted of 84 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 31 underwent septoplasty, 26 tonsillectomy patients, and 27 controls. Demographic data and GRBAS evaluation were statistically evaluated. Tests were taken before surgery, 2 weeks after surgery and 3 months later. Furthermore, to establish the equal error rate, the recording of patients’ voices was made with a succeeding acoustic analysis and programmed identification of the speaker through machine learning systems.

Results:
A significant variance was observed in GRBAS, after surgery. Regarding acoustic parameters, a greater change was observed in the fundamental frequency at 2 weeks after surgery in the tonsillectomy group. Formants (F1-F3) and antiformants (AntiF1-AntiF3) changed in septoplasty group, not in tonsillectomy and control group at 3 months. When studying the impact of voice changes on the verification of the speaker through the speech, it was observed that there was a greater error in recognition in the tonsillectomy group at 2 weeks, coinciding with the results obtained in the rest of the parameters studied.

Conclusions:
Results suggest that upper airway surgery produces modifications in the vocal tract affecting GRBAS, acoustic parameters, including formants and antiformants, producing an effect on verification of the speaker through the speech.
Analysis of Maxillofacial Fractures Based on the Etiology in Southeast China
Authors: Huang Li , Jiang Canyang , Lin Yuerong , Wen Yuejin , Huang Xuelei , Huang Jianping , Lin Lisong 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics and correlation of maxillofacial fractures and concurrent injuries with different injury causes.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, data were collected from patients treated for maxillofacial fractures in 3 oral and maxillofacial surgery departments in Southeast China, from January 2010 to December 2019. The information was obtained from clinical notes and surgical records using a standardized data collection form, and some causes of injuries were confirmed by telephone follow-ups and police records. These patients were divided into 7 groups according to the etiology: bicycle accident, electric bicycle accident, motorcycle accident, automobile accident, fall at ground level, fall from a height, and assault-related accident. Statistical tests were performed using R software (version 3.1.1), and all P-values were computed based on Chi-square tests and set at 0.05.

Results:
During this 10-year retrospective study, a total of 1772 patients with definite causes were analyzed. The average age was approximately 35.04 years (9 months–94 years). All patients were treated with open reduction and rigidly internal fixation, and the average duration was approximately 6.51 days (range 0 day–50 days), that from the time of the injury to the time of treatment. Traffic accidents were identified as the main cause of maxillofacial fracture (57.62%; n = 1021 of 1772 cases). In different etiology groups, there were statistically significant differences in the distribution of age, sex, maxillofacial fracture type, and concurrent injuries (all P < 0.001). However, the main cause of maxillofacial injuries was falls (fall at ground level and fall from a height) in children, and the highest incidence of the cause of maxillofacial injuries was bicycle accident in adolescents. Compared with the other groups, zygomatic complex fracture was more common in the electric bicycle accident group, panfacial fracture was more common in the automobile accident group, and mandible fracture was more common in the other groups.

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that patients with maxillofacial fractures caused by different injuries had their own unique characteristics. These findings may assist us in avoiding misdiagnosis and treatment delays, and may make treatment plans faster.
Complications of Hemorrhagic Shock and Massive Transfusion—a Comparison Before and After the Damage Control Resuscitation Era
Authors: Black Jonathan A. , Pierce Virginia S. , Juneja Kavina , Holcomb John B. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Trauma remains a leading cause of death, and hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable trauma deaths. Resuscitation strategies in trauma have changed dramatically over the last 20 years. In the pre damage control resuscitation (DCR) era, we used large volume crystalloid resuscitation and packed red blood cells as the primary resuscitative fluids. Now, a 1:1:1 ratio of packed red blood cells, fresh plasma, and platelets with minimal crystalloids is the preferred resuscitative strategy (DCR era). As we have changed how we resuscitate patients, the detrimental effects associated with large volume resuscitation have also changed. In this article, we review the effects of large volume blood product resuscitation, and where possible present a contrast between the pre-DCR era and the DCR era resuscitation strategies.
Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS): A Review and Focus on Considerations for COVID-19
Authors: Tabatabai Ali , Galvagno Samuel M. , O’Connor James V. , Scalea Thomas M. , Deatrick Kristopher B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a support modality for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who have failed conventional treatments including low tidal volume ventilation, prone positioning, and neuromuscular blockade. In addition, ECLS can be used for hemodynamic support for patients with cardiogenic shock or following cardiac arrest. Injured patients may also require ECLS support for ARDS and other indications. We review the use of ECLS for ARDS patients, trauma patients, cardiogenic shock patients, and post-cardiac arrest patients. We then describe how these principles are applied in the management of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Indications, predictors, procedural considerations, and post-cannulation management strategies are discussed.
Female Urethroplasty With Dorsal Onlay Labia Minora Graft: Technical Details and Initial Results
Authors: Simsek Abdulmuttalip , Seker Kamil Gokhan , Danacioglu Yavuz Onur , Sam Emre , Ozdemir Osman , Yenice Mustafa Gurkan , Atar Feyzi Arda , Tasci Ali Ihsan 
Published: October 2020

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the functional results of dorsal onlay labia minora graft urethroplasty in the treatment of female urethral strictures.

Materials and Methods
Data were retrospectively examined for 13 patients who underwent augmentation urethroplasty through the dorsal approach using labia minora grafts between September 2017 and January 2019. Demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative data and follow-up conditions were recorded for all patients.

Results
The mean age of the patients was calculated as 48.2±7 years. The etiology of urethral strictures was found to be trauma in 2 patients, iatrogenic in 4 patients, and idiopathic causes in 7 patients. The mean urethral stricture length of the patients was 1.5±0.4 cm (range, 1–2.5 cm). The mean surgical duration was 95±11.4 minutes (range, 70–110 minutes). The mean postoperative American Urology Association symptom score, maximum urine flow rate, and postmictional residue values were statistically significantly different compared with preoperative data (P < 0.05). No peroperative and postoperative complications were detected in any patients. The mean follow-up duration of the patients was 19±5.3 months, and no recurrence of stricture was observed in any patients based on the cystourethroscopic examinations. All patients are being followed up in our clinic without any stricture recurrence or symptoms.

Conclusions
The dorsal onlay labia minora graft urethroplasty technique in female urethral strictures is an efficient and applicable method with postoperative anatomic and functional results. Studies with longer follow-up periods and larger patient populations are required to present the success and reliability of this technique.
Patients performing lower limb exercises in an orthopedic ward: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Koh Siew Yi , Sridaran Mahendran N. , Goh Mien Li 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Aims:
The evidence-based project sought to educate patients on doing lower limb exercises within 24 h of their admissions to the ward. Patients spend most of their time in bed during their hospital stays, which imposes negative outcomes due to inactivity, such as risks of reduced muscle mass and deconditioning, which may further implicate patients’ conditions.

Methods:
The project occurred in three phases over a period of 18 months. The project was undertaken in an orthopedic ward of an acute tertiary hospital. A preimplementation and postimplementation audit strategy using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System was conducted on a sample of 20 adult patients. The Getting Research into Practice framework was utilized to analyze the barriers and gaps encountered in the clinical ground.

Results:
The baseline audit result revealed that only 35% of the patients received education on the exercise program and that there was poor compliance on nursing documentation of the intervention in daily note-free texts. Following the implementation, there was an improvement in nurses’ documentation compliance. In follow-up audits one and two, the nurses achieved compliance rates of 60 and 90% in nursing documentation, respectively.

Conclusion:
Overall, there were improvements in provision of lower limb exercise education to patients. This project has demonstrated that patients were willing to exercise during hospitalization. Nurses play a significant role in providing early education to patients to do simple exercises. The implementation of the evidence-based project may increase the awareness of the importance of exercises to minimize hospital-acquired deconditioning and functional declines among ward nurses and patients.
Detecting and isolating false negatives of SARS-CoV-2 primers and probe sets among the Japanese Population: A laboratory testing methodology and study
Authors: Tsutae Wataru , Chaochaisit Wirawit , Aoshima Hideyuki , Ida Chiharu , Miyakawa Shino , Sekine Hiroko , Sheikh Afzal , Baran Iri Sato , Furukawa Toshiharu , Sekine Akihiro 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesIn this study, a comparative study between primers from Japan’s and US’s disease control centers was conducted. As further investigation, virus sequence alignment with primers’ oligonucleotide was analyzed.Design or methods11,652 samples from Japanese population were tested for SARS-CoV-2 positive using recommended RT-PCR primer-probe sets from Japan National Institute of Infectious Disease (NIID) and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).ResultsOf the 102 positive samples, 17 samples (16.7% of total positives) showed inconsistent results when tested simultaneously for the following primers: JPN-N2, JPN-N1, CDC-N1, and CDC-N2. As a result, CDC recommended primer-probe sets showed relatively higher sensitivity and accuracy. Further virus sequence alignment analysis showed evidences for virus mutation happening at primer’s binding sites.ConclusionsThe inconsistency in the RT-PCR results for JPN-N1, JPN-N2, CDC-N1, and CDC-N2 primer-probe sets could be attributed to differences in virus mutation at primers’ binding site as observed in sequence analysis. The use of JPN-N2 combined with CDC-N2 primer produces the most effective result to reduce false negatives in Japan region. In addition, adding CDC-N1 will also help to detect false negatives.
Deep-LUMEN Assay – Human lung epithelial spheroid classification from brightfield images using deep learning
Authors: Abdul Lyan , Rajasekar Shravanthi , Lin Dawn S.Y. , Raja Sibi Venkatasubramania , Sotra Alexander , Feng Yuhang , Liu Amy , Zhang Boyang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) tissue models such as epithelial spheroids or organoids have become popular for pre-clinical drug studies. However, different from 2D monolayer culture, the characterization of 3D tissue models from non-invasive brightfield images is a significant challenge. To address this issue, here we report a Deep-Learning Uncovered Measurement of Epithelial Networks (Deep-LUMEN) assay. Deep-LUMEN is an object detection algorithm that has been fine-tuned to automatically uncover subtle differences in epithelial spheroid morphology from brightfield images. This algorithm can track changes in the luminal structure of tissue spheroids and distinguish between polarized and non-polarized lung epithelial spheroids. The Deep-LUMEN assay was validated by screening for changes in spheroid epithelial architecture in response to different extracellular matrices and drug treatments. Specifically, we found the dose-dependent toxicity of Cyclosporin can be underestimated if the effect of the drug on tissue morphology is not considered. Hence, Deep-LUMEN could be used to assess drug effects and capture morphological changes in 3D spheroid models in a non-invasive manner.Significance of the workDeep learning has been applied for the first time to autonomously detect subtle morphological changes in 3D multi-cellular spheroids, such as spheroid polarity, from brightfield images in a label-free manner. The technique has been validated by detecting changes in spheroid morphology in response to changes in extracellular matrices and drug treatments.
Shifting perceptions of same-sex marriage in Taiwan: who changed their mind after legalization?
Authors: Rich Timothy S. , Dahmer Andi , Brueggemann Carolyn 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis article addresses Taiwanese public opinion on same-sex marriage, connecting it to the 2020 general election.Design/methodology/approachOriginal survey data are combined with analysis of the existing literature and 2020 election results.FindingsOriginal survey data find that nearly one in five respondents have changed their views on same-sex marriage since its legalization, with most of those who have changed their views more opposed to legalization than before. However, this shift and its related support for the Kuomintang (KMT) do not appear to have influenced election results.Social implicationsThe results suggest that positions on same-sex marriage remain somewhat in flux, while the success of the pro-legalization Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) may lead to additional LGBT rights.Originality/valueThis combines original survey data with election results to analyze the effects of same-sex marriage legalization on the election outcome.
Education and lifelong learning for young and adult peasants
Authors: Cunha de Araujo Gustavo 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to provide an overview of an expanded, workable conception of rural youth and adult education that will move Brazil closer to a fair, egalitarian society focused on human development.

Design/methodology/approach
This research uses a qualitative bibliographic perspective, analyzing historical data extracted from bibliographic and empirical research on rural education – assumptions for thinking about lifelong learning for young and adult peasants – and education and learning for all throughout life.

Findings
Education is critical in a democracy, forming the foundation of social, cultural and political citizenship, critical decision-making and an informed populace. Therefore, teacher education policies aimed at rural education in Brazil must be strengthened, funded and improved.

Research limitations/implications
This research does not present similarities and differences compared to European experiences; instead, it suggests expanding studies on this topic in other international contexts through developmental research to widen the discussion.

Practical implications
Providing high-quality, customized training for the teachers who teach the vastly diverse body of rural students is essential in terms of empowering and recognizing young and adult peasants’ right to learn.

Social implications
“Education for all throughout life” has become a recognized right. Democracies must universalize this right by developing public policies, implementing them throughout the entire population and monitoring progress to verify that everyone – including the poorest peasant in the remotest countryside – has the tools to learn effectively.

Originality/value
By placing this study in the context of youth and adult learning, the study complements research that has addressed this topic in different international contexts, contributing broadly to knowledge regarding teacher education for rural areas and, more generally, to the implications of lifelong learning.