bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal variability in the response of phytoplankton and prokaryotes to B-vitamin amendments in an upwelling system
Authors: Joglar Vanessa , Prieto Antero , Barber-Lluch Esther , Hernández-Ruiz Marta , Fernández Emilio , Teira Eva 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. We experimentally evaluated the temporal (interday and
interseason) and spatial variability in microbial plankton responses to
vitamin B12 and/or B1 supply (solely or in combination with inorganic
nutrients) in coastal and oceanic waters of the northeast Atlantic Ocean.
Phytoplankton and, to a lesser extent, prokaryotes were strongly limited by
inorganic nutrients. Interday variability in microbial plankton responses
to B vitamins was limited compared to interseason variability, suggesting
that B-vitamin availability might be partially controlled by factors
operating at seasonal scale. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and
prokaryote biomass (PB) significantly increased after B-vitamin amendments
in 13 % and 21 %, respectively, of the 216 cases (36 experiments × 6 treatments). Most of these positive responses were produced by
treatments containing either B12 solely or B12 combined with B1 in oceanic
waters, which was consistent with the significantly lower average vitamin-B12 ambient concentrations compared to that in the coastal station. Negative
responses, implying a decrease in Chl a or PB, represented 21 % for
phytoplankton and 26 % for prokaryotes. Growth stimulation by B1 addition
was more frequent on prokaryotes than in phytoplankton, suggesting that B1
auxotrophy in the sampling area could be more widespread in prokaryotes than
in phytoplankton. Negative responses to B vitamins were generalized in
coastal surface waters in summer and were associated with a high contribution
of Flavobacteriales to the prokaryote community. This observation suggests
that the external supply of B12 and/or B1 may promote negative interactions
between microbial components when B-vitamin auxotrophs are abundant. The
microbial response patterns to B12 and/or B1 amendments were significantly
correlated with changes in the prokaryotic community composition,
highlighting the pivotal role of prokaryotes in B-vitamin cycling in marine
ecosystems.
The 1727 Statutes of Herrnhut
Authors: Peucker Paul 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
In 1727 Zinzendorf issued two regulatory documents for the community of Herrnhut, the Manorial Commandments and the Brotherly Agreement, that regulated civic affairs and spiritual matters for the new town and defined the settlement as a Philadelphian community. Here an English translation of these two documents, together with the German original, is presented. The edition and translation are based on the original manuscript versions of both the Manorial Commandments and the Brotherly Agreement as found in the Unity Archives in Herrnhut, Germany.
Videolekser som ressurs for lesing og undervisning i lærerutdanning – En studie av hvordan samarbeid og partnerskap kan utvikles rundt lærerstudenters videoinnspilte leserefleksjoner
Authors: Hontvedt Magnus , Oddvik Morten , Næss Rakel Rohde 
Published: May 2020

Denne artikkelen rapporterer fra et pågående designeksperiment der et konsept kalt «videolekser» ble introdusert for å få innsikt i lærerstudenters lese- og læringsprosess. Konseptet ble laget i samarbeid mellom underviserne på universitetet og en lærer i kombinasjonsstilling.Videoleksene innebar at studentene spilte inn korte filmer der de reflekterte over egen lesing før de møtte til undervisning. Prosjektet ble gjennomført i et masteremne (år 4 av 5) ved et norsk universitet. Studien følger til sammen 47 lærerstudenter som tok emnet i løpet av en to-årsperiode. Datamaterialet består av 118 refleksjonsvideoer. Materialet er kodet, og utvalgte utdrag fra filmene presenteres og analyseres med interaksjonsanalyse.I artikkelen synliggjøres videoleksene som en form for videobasert støtte til lærerstudentenes lese- og læreprosess, med mulighet for å komme i kontakt med studentenes ofte «tause» selvstendige lesing. Studien konkluderer med at bruken av video har potensial til å skape felles fokus, og under bestemte forutsetninger bidra til å skape partnerskap og relevans i lærerutdanningen.
Nøkkelord: partnerskap, kombinasjonsstillinger, IKT og læring, interaksjonsanalyse, videolekser
Video assignments as resources for reading and instruction in teacher education – A study on how collaboration and partnership can be developed around teacher students’ video-recorded reading reflections
AbstractThis study reports from an ongoing design experiment in which a concept called “video assignments” was introduced for accessing teacher students’ reading and learning process. The concept was designed in collaboration between lecturers at the university and a practicing teacher in a combined position.The video assignments entailed that students recorded short video clips in which they reflected on their reading prior to meeting in class. The project was conducted at a master’s level course (year 4 of 5) at a Norwegian university. There were 47 students who participated in the course over a two-year period, and the data material consists of 118 video reflections. The material was coded, and selected extracts from the videos are presented and analyzed by means of interaction analysis.In the article, the video assignments are displayed as a form of video-based support to the students’ studying and learning process, with opportunity for accessing the students’ often “silent” individual reading process. This study concludes that the use of video has potential for creating a common focal point, and under certain prerequisites contributing to creating partnership and relevance in teacher education.
Keywords: partnerships, combined positions, ICT and learning, interaction analysis, video assignments
Choosing Primary Care: Factors Influencing Graduating Osteopathic Medical Students
Authors: Stefani Katherine M. , Richards Jesse R. , Newman Jessica , Poole Kenneth G. , Scott Shannon C. , Scheckel Caleb J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Access to primary care (PC) improves health outcomes and decreases health care costs. The shortage of PC physicians and shifting physician workforce makes this an ongoing concern. Osteopathic medical schools are making strides to fill this void. Considering the critical need for PC physicians in the United States, this study aims to identify factors related to choosing a PC specialty.

Objective
To understand possible motivations of osteopathic medical students pursuing a career in PC specialties by examining the role of sex and the influence of 5 key factors in this decision.

Methods
Responses from the annual American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine graduate survey (2007-2016) were analyzed. Self-reported practice decision considerations of 5 key factors, including (1) intellectual and technical content, (2) debt level, (3) lifestyle, (4) prestige/income level, and (5) personal experience and abilities were summarized, and their subjective value was contrasted between osteopathic medicine graduates pursuing PC specialties vs those pursuing non-PC specialties.

Results
The mean percentage of graduates pursuing PC and non-PC specialties from 2007 to 2016 was 31.3% and 68.7%, respectively. Women were 1.75 times more likely to choose PC than men (95% CI, 1.62-1.89). Regardless of specialty choice, lifestyle was the most important factor each year (1027 for PC [75.3%] vs 320 for non-PC [63.3%] in 2016; P<.0001). Students entering PC were more likely to report prestige and income level to be “no or minor influence” compared with students entering non-PC specialties (P<.0001). Debt level was more likely to be a “major influence” to students choosing to enter non-PC specialties than to those entering PC (P<.0001), and the percentage of non-PC students has grown from 383 in 2007 (22.9%) to 833 in 2016 (30.6%).

Conclusion
Sex was found to significantly influence a graduate's choice of specialty, and female graduates were more likely to enter practice in PC. Each of the 5 survey factors analyzed was significantly different between students entering PC and students entering non-PC specialties. Lifestyle was deemed a major influencing factor, and responses suggested that debt level is a strong influencing factor among students pursuing non-PC specialties.
The combined impacts of wheat spatial position and phenology on cereal aphid abundance
Authors: Batyrshina Zhaniya S. , Cna’ani Alon , Rozenberg Tamir , Seifan Merav , Tzin Vered 
Published: May 2020

Background
Wheat is a staple crop that suffers from massive yield losses caused by cereal aphids. Many factors can determine the abundance of cereal aphids and the damage they cause to plants; among them are the plant’s genetic background, as well as environmental conditions such as spatial position within the plot, the composition and the distance from neighboring vegetation. Although the effects of these factors have been under scrutiny for many years, the combined effect of both factors on aphid populations is not fully understood. The goal of this study was to examine the collective impact of genotype and environment on wheat phenology (developmental stages), chemical diversity (metabolites), and insect susceptibility, as manifested by cereal aphid abundance.

Methods
To determine the influence of plant genotype on the metrics mentioned above, we measured the phenology, chemical profile, and aphid abundance of four wheat genotypes, including the tetraploid wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides cv. Zavitan), tetraploid durum (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum cv. Svevo), and two hexaploid spring bread (Triticum aestivum), ‘Rotem’ and ‘Chinese Spring’. These genotypes are referred to as “focal” plants. To evaluate the impact of the environment, we scored the distance of each focal plant (spatial position) from two neighboring vegetation types: (i) natural resource and (ii) monoculture wheat resource.

Results
The results demonstrated that the wild emmer wheat was the most aphid-resistant, while the bread wheat Rotem was most aphid-susceptible. Aphids were more abundant in plants that matured early. The spatial position analysis demonstrated that aphids were more abundant in focal plants located closer to the margin monoculture wheat resource rather than to the natural resource, suggesting a resource concentration effect. The analysis of metabolic diversity showed that the levels of three specialized metabolites from the flavonoid class, differed between the wheat genotypes and some minor changes in central metabolites were shown as well. Altogether, these results demonstrate a combined effect of genetic background and spatial position on wheat phenology and aphid abundance on plants. This exposes the potential role of the marginal vegetation environment in shaping the insect population of desirable crops. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining plant intra-specific variation in the agriculture system because of its potential applications in reducing pest density.
Effects of mining on the molybdenum absorption and translocation of plants in the Luanchuan molybdenum mine
Authors: Yin Kejing , Shi Zhaoyong , Zhang Mengge , Li Yajuan 
Published: May 2020

Background
There is a critical need to examine whether mining of molybdenum (Mo) ore will affect Mo absorption and translocation by plants at a community level.

Methods
Indigenous plants and their rhizospheric soil (0–20 cm) growing in two different areas including the mining and the unexploited areas were collected from the Luanchuan Mo mine—one of the largest Mo mines in Asia. The concentrations of Mo and other heavy metals of plants or soil were measured by ICP-AES. Mo absorption and translocation in plants growing in two areas were investigated and compared. Heavy metal pollution in soil was also evaluated by the potential ecological hazard index method.

Results
Mo concentration in mining soils was higher with the changes from 108.13 to 268.13 mg kg−1 compared to unexploited area. Mo concentrations in shoots and roots of plants growing in the mining area were also significant higher than those growing in the unexploited area with 2.59 and 2.99 times, respectively. The Mo translocation factor of plants growing in the unexploited area was 1.61, which reached 1.69 times that of plants growing in the mining area. Mo was the main heavy metal pollutant in the soil of both the mining and the unexploited areas.

Conclusion
Mining of Mo had changed not only the Mo concentration in soil but also Mo absorption and translocation in plants. Plants growing in the mining area absorbed more Mo from the soil but translocated relatively less to shoots than plants of the unexploited area. However, the mechanisms of Mo absorption and translocation of plants in mining area should be further studied in the future.
Aspects of Modern Systemic Approach (I): Beyond the Dynamic Systems Definition, Structure and Properties
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan , Coman Mirela , Lauran Alexandru 
Published: May 2020

General Systems Theory, as well as Systems Theory - as integrated part of the first one, are still under the scrutiny of researchers, either through the interest shown for micro-systems or for macro-systems, as derivatives of the system.
In accordance with the research undertaken in either of the two ends of the reference range for the system - as a fundamental element of systems theory, our concerns are to familiarize the reader with the diversity of concepts and develpoment stages specific to the two areas of interest - General Systems Theory and Systems Theory. Also, as the objective of the present study, an attempt was made to bring to the fore some definitions and conceputal characterization, respectively with the structure and properties of different system types. At the same tine, are underlined different systemic approaches and representations, along with the position of Systemology in relation to the General Systems Theory and Systems Theory.
Interlayer Engineering of Molybdenum Trioxide toward High‐Capacity and Stable Sodium Ion Half/Full Batteries
Authors: Wang Bo , Ang Edison Huixiang , Yang Yang , Zhang Yufei , Geng Hongbo , Ye Minghui , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries because of its rich chemistry associated with multiple valence states and intriguing layered structure. However, MoO3 still suffers from the low rate capability and poor cycle induced by pulverization during de/sodiation. An ingenious two‐step synthesis strategy to fine tune the layer structure of MoO3 targeting stable and fast sodium ionic diffusion channels is reported here. By integrating partially reduction and organic molecule intercalation methodologies, the interlayer spacing of MoO3 is remarkably enlarged to 10.40 Å and the layer structural integration are reinforced by dimercapto groups of bismuththiol molecules. Comprehensive characterizations and density functional theory calculations prove that the intercalated bismuththiol (DMcT) molecules substantially enhanced electronic conductivity and effectively shield the electrostatic interaction between Na+ and the MoO3 host by conjugated double bond, resulting in improved Na+ insertion/extraction kinetics. Benefiting from these features, the newly devised layered MoO3 electrode achieves excellent long‐term cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. These achievements are of vital significance for the preparation of sodium‐ion battery anode materials with high‐rate capability and long cycling life using intercalation chemistry.
CRISPR/Cas13a Powered Portable Electrochemiluminescence Chip for Ultrasensitive and Specific MiRNA Detection
Authors: Zhou Ting , Huang Ru , Huang Mengqi , Shen Jinjin , Shan Yuanyue , Xing Da 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely investigated as potential biomarkers for early clinical diagnosis of cancer. Developing an miRNA detection platform with high specificity, sensitivity, and exploitability is always necessary. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is an electrogenerated chemiluminescence technology that greatly decreases background noise and improves detection sensitivity. The development of a paper‐based ECL biosensor further makes ECL suitable for point‐of‐care detection. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas13a as high‐fidelity, efficient, and programmable CRISPR RNA (crRNA) guided RNase has brought a next‐generation biosensing technology. However, existing CRISPR/Cas13a based detection often faces a trade‐off between sensitivity and specificity. In this research, a CRISPR/Cas13a powered portable ECL chip (PECL‐CRISPR) is constructed. Wherein target miRNA activates Cas13a to cleave a well‐designed preprimer, and triggers the subsequent exponential amplification and ECL detection. Under optimized conditions, a limit‐of‐detection of 1 × 10−15 m for miR‐17 is achieved. Through rationally designing the crRNA, the platform can provide single nucleotide resolution to dramatically distinguish miRNA target from its highly homologous family members. Moreover, the introduction of “light‐switch” molecule [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ allows the platform to avoid tedious electrode modification and washing processes, thereby simplifying the experimental procedure and lower testing cost. Analysis results of miRNA from tumor cells also demonstrate the PECL‐CRISPR platform holds a promising potential for molecular diagnosis.
A biocultural examination of home food production and child growth in highland Peru
Authors: Hoke Morgan K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesChronic malnutrition remains a persistent global health issue. This mixed methods investigation in rural Peru examines the role of home food production (HFP) in reducing child malnutrition by testing the following hypotheses: (a) higher HFP will be associated with higher infant z‐scores than those with less HFP and (b) infants with higher HFP will exhibit improved longitudinal growth outcomes across 6 months.MethodsEthnographic methods include semi‐structured interviews and participant observation. A household survey and anthropometric data were collected twice, from 86 infants under of 24 months old. A HFP index (HFI) was generated based on reports of animals for meat consumption, eggs, milk, and agricultural products for home consumption. Kruskal‐Wallis tests were used to examine patterns of HFI and infant anthropometrics. Multivariate regressions were used to examine the relationships between HFP and infant height for age (HAZ), weight for age (WAZ), and triceps skinfold for age (TSAZ) in both rounds and 6‐month change between rounds (6MΔ).ResultsThere were no relationships between HFI and infant z‐scores in round one, however, HFI was significantly positively related to HAZ (B = 0.091,P < .039) in round two and with 6MΔin HAZ (B = 0.09,P < .047). HFI did not predict WAZ or TSAZ in either round.ConclusionsHFP represents an important influence of infant growth in Nuñoa, likely through nutritional improvement due to increased availability of animal‐sourced foods and through contribution to household economy and maternal empowerment.
Methanol Synthesis at a Wide Range of H2/CO2 Ratios over a Rh‐In Bimetallic Catalyst
Authors: Li Molly Meng‐Jung , Zou Hanbo , Zheng Jianwei , Wu Tai‐Sing , Chan Ting‐Shan , Soo Yun‐Liang , Wu Xin‐Ping , Gong Xue‐Qing , Chen Tianyi , Roy Kanak , Held Georg , Tsang Shik Chi Edman 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is increasing interest in capturing H2 generated from renewables with CO2 to produce methanol. However, renewable hydrogen production is expensive and in limited quantity compared to CO2. Excess CO2 and limited H2 in the feedstock gas is not favorable for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, causing low activity and poor methanol selectivity. Now, a class of Rh‐In catalysts with optimal adsorption properties to the intermediates of methanol production is presented. The Rh‐In catalyst can effectively catalyze methanol synthesis but inhibit the reverse water‐gas shift reaction under H2‐deficient gas flow and shows the best competitive methanol productivity under industrially applicable conditions in comparison with reported values. This work demonstrates a strong potential of Rh‐In bimetallic composition, from which a convenient methanol synthesis based on flexible feedstock compositions (such as H2/CO2 from biomass derivatives) with lower energy cost can be established.
Water‐Soluble Polymers with Appending Porphyrins as Bioinspired Catalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Xie Lisi , Tian Jia , Ouyang Yingjie , Guo Xinai , Zhang Weian , Apfel Ulf‐Peter , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMolecular design to improve catalyst performance is significant but challenging. In enzymes, residue groups that are close to reaction centers play critical roles in regulating activities. Using this bioinspired strategy, three water‐soluble polymers were designed with appending Co porphyrins and different side‐chain groups to mimic enzyme reaction centers and activity‐controlling residue groups, respectively. With these polymers, high hydrogen evolution efficiency was achieved in neutral aqueous media for electro‐ (turnover frequency >2.3×104 s−1) and photocatalysis (turnover number >2.7×104). Porphyrin units are surrounded and protected by polymer chains, and more importantly, the activity can be tuned with different side‐chain groups. Therefore, instead of revising molecular structures that is difficult from both design and synthesis points of view, polymers can be used to improve molecular solubility and stability and simultaneously regulate activity by using side‐chain groups.
Die Chemie verformbarer poröser Kristalle – Strukturdynamik und Gasadsorptionseigenschaften
Authors: Krause Simon , Hosono Nobuhiko , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn diesem Kurzaufsatz wird die Chemie von verformbaren porösen Kristallen (SPCs) anhand von Struktureigenschaften und deren Auswirkungen auf die Verformbarkeit und den daraus resultierenden Strukturübergang diskutiert. Besonders Eigenschaften, die auf metastabilen Übergangszuständen basieren oder durch lokale dynamische Funktionalität hervorgerufen werden, sind hierbei von Interesse. Unterschiede in den Adsorptionseigenschaften rigider poröser Materialien und denen von SPCs auf Grundlage etablierter thermodynamischer und kinetischer Aspekte zeigen das Anwendungspotenzial dieser Materialien für Adsorptionstechniken auf. Die Charakterisierung dieser Eigenschaften und die daraus resultierenden Phänomene werden dabei in den Mittelpunkt gerückt, und abschließend wird ein Ausblick auf die nächste Generation verformbarer poröser Kristalle gegeben.
A Fullerene‐Based Molecular Torsion Balance for Investigating Noncovalent Interactions at the C60 Surface
Authors: Yamada Michio , Narita Haruna , Maeda Yutaka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo investigate the nature and strength of noncovalent interactions at the fullerene surface, molecular torsion balances consisting of C60 and organic moieties connected through a biphenyl linkage were synthesized. NMR and computational studies show that the unimolecular system remains in equilibrium between well‐defined folded and unfolded conformers owing to restricted rotation around the biphenyl C−C bond. The energy differences between the two conformers depend on the substituents and is ascribed to differences in the intramolecular noncovalent interactions between the organic moieties and the fullerene surface. Fullerenes favor interacting with the π‐faces of benzenes bearing electron‐donating substituents. The correlation between the folding free energies and corresponding Hammett constants of the substituents in the arene‐containing torsion balances reflects the contributions of the electrostatic interactions and dispersion force to face‐to‐face arene–fullerene interactions.