bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NIR‐Sensitized Activated Photoreaction between Cyanines and Oxime Esters: Free‐Radical Photopolymerization
Authors: Pang Yulian , Fan Shuheng , Wang Qunying , Oprych Dennis , Feilen Alfred , Reiner Knut , Keil Dietmar , Slominsky Yuriy L. , Popov Sergey , Zou Yingquan , Strehmel Bernd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCyanines comprising either a benzo[e]‐ or benzo[c,d]indolium core facilitate initiation of radical photopolymerization combined with high power NIR‐LED prototypes emitting at 805 nm, 860 nm, or 870 nm, while different oxime esters function as radical coinitiators. Radical photopolymerization followed an initiation mechanism based on the participation of excited states, requiring additional thermal energy to overcome an existing intrinsic activation barrier. Heat released by nonradiative deactivation of the sensitizer favored the system, even under conditions where a thermally activated photoinduced electron transfer controls the reaction protocol. The heat generated internally by the NIR sensitizer promotes generation of the initiating reactive radicals. Sensitizers with a barbiturate group at the meso‐position preferred to bleach directly, while sensitizers carrying a cyclopentene moiety unexpectedly initiated the photosensitized mechanism.
Counterion Dependence of Dinitrogen Activation and Functionalization by a Diniobium Hydride Anion
Authors: Suzuki Shoi , Ishida Yutaka , Kameo Hajime , Sakaki Shigeyoshi , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report the synthesis of anionic diniobium hydride complexes with a series of alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+, and K+) and the counterion dependence of their reactivity with N2. Exposure of these complexes to N2 initially produces the corresponding side‐on end‐on N2 complexes, the fate of which depends on the nature of countercations. The lithium derivative undergoes stepwise migratory insertion of the hydride ligands onto the aryloxide units, yielding the end‐on bridging N2 complex. For the potassium derivative, the N−N bond cleavage takes place along with H2 elimination to form the nitride complex. Treatment of the side‐on end‐on N2 complex with Me3SiCl results in silylation of the terminal N atom and subsequent N−N bond cleavage along with H2 elimination, giving the nitride‐imide‐bridged diniobium complex.
Inhibitor of apoptosis is an effective target gene for RNAi‐mediated control of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Máximo Wesley P. F. , Howell Jeffrey L. , Mogilicherla Kanakachari , Basij Moslem , Chereddy Shankar C. R. R. , Palli Subba R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle (CPB;Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is one of the most notorious and difficult to control pests of potato and other solanaceous crops in North America. This insect has evolved a remarkable ability to detoxify both plant and synthetic toxins, allowing it to feed on solanaceous plants containing toxic alkaloids and to develop resistance to synthetic chemicals used for its control. RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism that evolved as an immune response to double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses where dsRNA triggers silencing of target gene expression. RNAi is being developed as a method to control CPB. Here, we evaluated four CPB‐specific genes to identify targets for RNAi‐mediated control of this insect. Out of the four dsRNAs evaluated in CPB larvae and adults, dsIAP (dsRNA targetinginhibitor of apoptosis, iapgene) performed better than dsActin, dsHSP70, and dsDynamin in inducing larval mortality. However, in adults, the mortality induced by dsActin is significantly higher than the mortality induced by dsIAP, dsHSP70, and dsDynamin. Interestingly, a combination of dsIAP and dsActin performed better than either dsIAP or dsActin alone by inducing feeding inhibition in 24 hr and mortality in 48 hr in larvae. When the dsIAP and dsActin were expressed in theEscherichia coliHT115 strain and applied as a heat‐killed bacterial spray on potato plants, it protected the plants from CPB damage. These studies show that the combination of dsIAP and dsActin shows promise as an insecticide to control CPB.
Surgery for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-related insulinoma: long-term outcomes in a large international cohort
Authors: Beek D J , Nell S , Verkooijen H M , Borel Rinkes I H M , Valk G D , Vriens M R , Goudet P , Vella A , Donegan D , Bartsch D K , Manoharan J , Perrier N D , Christakis I , Brandi M L , Zarnegar R , Postma E L , Kebebew E , Nockel P , Brunaud L , Pasternak J D , Kluijfhout W P , Sturgeon C , Giri S , Bonsing B A , Eijck C H , Goor H , Kleine R H J , Dijkum E J Nieveen , Dejong C H C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Insulinomas are found in 10–15 per cent of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and lead to life-threatening hypoglycaemia. Surgical outcome and the optimal surgical strategy for MEN1-related insulinoma are unknown.

Methods
Patients with MEN1-related insulinomas were identified in 46 centres in Europe and North America between 1990 and 2016. Insulinomas were considered localized if the lesion was in the pancreatic head or body/tail. Patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours throughout the pancreas were suspected of having multifocal insulinoma. The primary outcome was postoperative hypoglycaemia, defined as persistent hypoglycaemia, or recurrent hypoglycaemia caused by a new insulinoma or insulin-producing liver metastases. Hypoglycaemia-free survival was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
Ninety-six patients underwent resection for MEN1-related insulinoma. Sixty-three and 33 patients had localized and multifocal insulinomas respectively. After a median follow-up of 8 (range 1–22) years, one patient (1 per cent) had persistent disease and six (6 per cent) had developed recurrent disease, of whom four had a new insulinoma. The 10-year hypoglycaemia-free survival rate was 91 (95 per cent c.i. 80 to 96) per cent. Of those with localized disease, 46 patients underwent pancreatic resection and 17 enucleation. One of these patients had persistent disease and one developed recurrent insulinoma. Among patients with multifocal disease, three developed new insulinomas and two developed insulin-producing liver metastases.

Conclusion
Surgery for MEN1-related insulinoma is more successful than previously thought.
Development of an augmented reality‐based scaffold to improve the learning experience of engineering students in embedded system course
Authors: Kumar Amit , Mantri Archana , Dutta Rubina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Embedded system is the core unit of every digital device. The design and development of a new digital device or system require a good understanding of the embedded system embed in it. In the context of engineering education, learning embedded systems remains a challenge for the millennial. As, it involves the implementation of mathematics, programming, and working knowledge of electronic and electrical components rooted in it. Traditional teaching pedagogy has become less useful for new‐gen learners to satisfy their demand for knowledge of embedded systems. So, the teaching techniques have to be modified and equipped with the latest technological tools and practices. Augmented reality (AR) is emerging as a new technology in the field of engineering education. With the help of computer‐generated 3D data, animation, visual effects, and immersion, this technology has become more prevalent in the education domain to make complex concepts easier to understand. In this paper, an augmented reality‐based framework designed to teach embedded systems to engineering students. The proposed framework utilizes a tangible user interface comprising of AR markers, a USB camera, a display device, and the processing unit to give AR learning experience to the students. The system so developed tested for its usability with the faculty members of engineering education. Twenty faculty members, as participants, share their system usability experience and feedback using google form. The overall system usability score is 79.5%, which makes it suitable for further deployment on students for exploratory work.
Recent Progress of Nanozymes in the Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms
Authors: Sun Huiyuan , Cai Shuangfei , Wang Chen , Chen Yongxiang , Yang Rong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInfectious diseases are among the world's principal health problems. It is crucial to develop rapid, accurate and cost‐effective methods for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms. Recently, considerable progress has been achieved in the field of inorganic enzyme mimics (nanozymes). Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have higher stability and lower cost. More interestingly, their properties can be designed for various demands. Herein, we introduce the latest research progress on the detection of pathogenic microorganisms by using various nanozymes. We also discuss the current challenges of nanozymes in biosensing and provide some strategies to overcome these barriers.
Nitroxide‐Derived N‐Oxide Phenazines for Noncovalent Spin‐Labeling of DNA
Authors: Juliusson Haraldur Y. , Sigurdsson Snorri Th. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo o‐benzoquinone derivatives of isoindoline were synthesized for use as building blocks to incorporate isoindoline nitroxides into different compounds and materials. These o‐quinones were condensed with a number of o‐phenylenediamines to form isoindoline‐phenazines in high yields. Subsequent oxidation gave phenazine‐di‐N‐oxide isoindoline nitroxides that were evaluated for noncovalent and site‐directed spin‐labeling of duplex DNA and RNA that contained abasic sites. Although only minor binding was observed for RNA, the unsubstituted phenazine‐N,N‐dioxide tetramethyl isoindoline nitroxide showed high binding affinity and selectivity towards abasic sites in duplex DNA that contained cytosine as the orphan base.
Multiblend JET A‐1 in Practice: Results of an R&D Project on Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosenes
Authors: Müller‐Langer Franziska , Dögnitz Niels , Marquardt Christian , Zschocke Alexander , Schripp Tobias , Oehmichen Katja , Majer Stefan , Bullerdiek Nils , Halling Ann‐Marlen , Posselt Dietmar , Kuchling Thomas , Buse Joachim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe research and demonstration project, DEMO‐SPK, a model project under the German Mobility and Fuel Strategy (MFS), investigated the use of renewable kerosene at the Leipzig/Halle airport. Its primary goal was to examine and verify the behavior of blends consisting of several types of renewable kerosene and fossil JET A‐1, under the realistic supply conditions of a major airport. The project demonstrated that the supply chain for multiblend JET A‐1 was technically feasible and that the fuel could be used without requiring any changes in the normal operating procedures. The project also confirmed that the use of multiblend JET A‐1 resulted in a 30–60% reduction in particulate emissions for ground operations and a reduction in CO2 equivalents, compared with pure fossil JET A‐1.
Effect of an Aromatic Solvent on Hydrogen‐Bond‐Directed Supramolecular Polymerization Leading to Distinct Topologies
Authors: Isobe Atsushi , Prabhu Deepak D. , Datta Sougata , Aizawa Takumi , Yagai Shiki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBeyond phenomenon, self‐assembly of synthetic molecules, is now becoming an essential tool to design supramolecular materials not only in the thermodynamically stable state but also in kinetically trapped states. However, an approach to design complex self‐assembly processes comprising different types of self‐assembled states remains elusive. Herein, an example of such systems is demonstrated based on a unique supramolecular polymer mediated by supermacrocyclization of hydrogen‐bonding π‐conjugated molecules. By adding an aromatic solvent into nonpolar solutions of the monomer, spontaneous nucleation triggered by supermacrocyclization was suppressed so that isothermal supramolecular polymerization could be achieved from kinetically formed topological variants and amorphous agglomerates to afford helicoidal structures hitherto obtainable only with very slow cooling of a hot solution. By increasing the proportion of aromatic solvent further, another self‐assembly path was found, based on competing extended hydrogen‐bonded motifs affording crystalline nanowires.
The connectome of the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx
Authors: Cook Steven J. , Crouse Charles M. , Yemini Eviatar , Hall David H. , Emmons Scott W. , Hobert Oliver 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDetailed anatomical maps of individual organs and entire animals have served as invaluable entry points for ensuing dissection of their evolution, development, and function. The pharynx of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a simple neuromuscular organ with a self‐contained, autonomously acting nervous system, composed of 20 neurons that fall into 14 anatomically distinct types. Using serial electron micrograph (EM) reconstruction, we re‐evaluate here the connectome of the pharyngeal nervous system, providing a novel and more detailed view of its structure and predicted function. Contrasting the previous classification of pharyngeal neurons into distinct inter‐ and motor neuron classes, we provide evidence that most pharyngeal neurons are also likely sensory neurons and most, if not all, pharyngeal neurons also classify as motor neurons. Together with the extensive cross‐connectivity among pharyngeal neurons, which is more widespread than previously realized, the sensory‐motor characteristics of most neurons define a shallow network architecture of the pharyngeal connectome. Network analysis reveals that the patterns of neuronal connections are organized into putative computational modules that reflect the known functional domains of the pharynx. Compared with the somatic nervous system, pharyngeal neurons both physically associate with a larger fraction of their neighbors and create synapses with a greater proportion of their neighbors. We speculate that the overall architecture of the pharyngeal nervous system may be reminiscent of the architecture of ancestral, primitive nervous systems.
The Effect of Number of Arms on the Aggregation Behavior of Thermoresponsive Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Star Polymers
Authors: Zhu Kaizheng , Pamies Ramón , Al‐Manasir Nodar , Ginés Hernández Cifre José , García de la Torre José , Nyström Bo , Kjøniksen Anna‐Lena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe thermoresponsive nature of aqueous solutions of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) star polymers containing 2, 3, 4, and 6 arms has been investigated by turbidity, dynamic light scattering, rheology, and rheo‐SALS. Simulations of the thermosensitive nature of the single star polymers have also been conducted. Some of the samples form aggregates even at temperatures significantly below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAAM. Increasing concentration and number of arms promotes associations at low temperatures. When the temperature is raised, there is a competition between size increase due to enhanced aggregation and a size reduction caused by contraction. Monte Carlo simulations show that the single stars contract with increasing temperature, and that this contraction is more pronounced when the number of arms is increased. Some samples exhibit a minimum in the turbidity data after the initial increase at the cloud point. The combined rheology and rheo‐SALS data suggest that this is due to a fragmentation of the aggregates followed by re‐aggregation at even higher temperatures. Although the 6‐arm star polymer aggregates more than the other stars at low temperatures, the more compact structure renders it less prone to aggregation at temperatures above the cloud point.
Crypto‐economy and new sustainable business models: Reflections and projections using a case study analysis
Authors: Massaro Maurizio , Dal Mas Francesca , Chiappetta Jabbour Charbel Jose , Bagnoli Carlo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to shed light on how the blockchain technology can lead to the creation of new sustainable business models (SBMs). The literature highlights the need to merge the sustainability perspective into business models, creating new SBMs. Using a case study methodology, the paper investigates how the blockchain can foster the creation of SBMs, thus exploring the following Research Question (RQ): How can blockchain facilitate the development of new SBM? The case represents an example of an SBM merging more theoretical definitions. The unique features of the blockchain foster inclusivity even in traditional sectors, allowing widespread distribution of the benefits for the community with a long‐term orientation. Consequently, our study provides systematized evidence of how the blockchain can foster financial and social sustainability. This manuscript adds to the state‐of‐the‐art literature on the application of emerging technologies to organizational sustainability by shedding light on real business case evidence.
A comparative plastomics approach reveals available molecular markers for the phylogeographic study of Dendrobium huoshanense, an endangered orchid with extremely small populations
Authors: Niu Zhitao , Hou Zhenyu , Wang Mengting , Ye Meirong , Zhang Benhou , Xue Qingyun , Liu Wei , Ding Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractComparative plastomics approaches have been used to identify available molecular markers for different taxonomic level studies of orchid species. However, the adoption of such methods has been largely limited in phylogeographic studies. Therefore, in this study, Dendrobium huoshanense, an endangered species with extremely small populations, was used as a model system to test whether the comparative plastomic approaches could screen available molecular markers for the phylogeographic study. We sequenced two more plastomes of D. huoshanense and compared them with our previously published one. A total of 27 mutational hotspot regions and six polymorphic cpSSRs have been screened for the phylogeographic studies of D. huoshanense. The cpDNA haplotype data revealed that the existence of haplotype distribution center was located in Dabieshan Mts. (Huoshan). The genetic diversity and phylogenetic analyses showed that the populations of D. huoshanense have been isolated and evolved independently for long period. On the contrary, based on cpSSR data, the genetic structure analysis revealed a mixed structure among the populations in Anhui and Jiangxi province, which suggested that the hybridization or introgression events have occurred among the populations of D. huoshanense. These results indicated that human activities have played key roles in shaping the genetic diversity and distributional patterns of D. huoshanense. According to our results, both two markers showed a high resolution for the phylogeographic studies of D. huoshanense. Therefore, we put forth that comparative plastomic approaches could revealed available molecular markers for phylogeographic study, especially for the species with extremely small populations.
Complex interactions between bacteria and haemosporidia in coinfected hosts: An experiment
Authors: Reinoso‐Pérez María Teresa , Dhondt Keila V. , Sydenstricker Agnes V. , Heylen Dieter , Dhondt André A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Hosts are typically coinfected by multiple parasite species whose interactions might be synergetic or antagonistic, producing unpredictable physiological and pathological impacts on the host. This study shows the interaction between Plasmodium spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. in birds experimentally infected or not infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

In 1994, the bacterium Mycoplasma gallisepticum jumped from poultry to wild birds in which it caused a major epidemic in North America. Birds infected with M. gallisepticum show conjunctivitis as well as increased levels of corticosterone.

Malaria and other haemosporidia are widespread in birds, and chronic infections become apparent with the detectable presence of the parasite in peripheral blood in response to elevated levels of natural or experimental corticosterone levels.

Knowing the immunosuppressive effect of corticosterone on the avian immune system, we tested the hypothesis that chronic infections of Plasmodium spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. in house finches would respond to experimental inoculation with M. gallisepticum as corticosterone levels are known to increase following inoculation.

Plasmodium spp. infection intensity increased within days of M. gallisepticum inoculation as shown both by the appearance of infected erythrocytes and by the increase in the number and the intensity of positive PCR tests.

Leucocytozoon spp. infection intensity increased when Plasmodium spp. infection intensity increased, but not in response to M. gallisepticum inoculation. Leucocytozoon spp. and Plasmodium spp. seemed to compete in the host as shown by a negative correlation between the changes in their PCR score when both pathogens were present in the same individual.

Host responses to coinfection with multiple pathogens measured by the hematocrit and white blood cell count depended on the haemosporidian community composition. Host investment in the leukocyte response was higher in the single‐haemosporidia‐infected groups when birds were infected with M. gallisepticum.

A trade‐off was observed between the immune control of the chronic infection (Plasmodium spp./Leucocytozoon spp.) and the immune response to the novel bacterial infection (M. gallisepticum).
Considering multiple anthropogenic threats in the context of natural variability: Ecological processes in a regulated riverine ecosystem
Authors: Sinnatamby R. Niloshini , Mayer Bernhard , Kruk Mary K. , Rood Stewart B. , Farineau Anne , Post John R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRivers are among the most altered environments globally, but identifying which threats are responsible for observed biotic and abiotic changes is complicated by natural drivers of variation. The Bow River, Canada provides an ideal model to resolve these influences and explore spatial relationships. It originates from pristine Rocky Mountain headwaters and is subsequently impacted by typical human alterations: damming, municipal channelization and effluent release, and agricultural impacts (nutrient enrichment and water withdrawal for irrigation). By coordinating studies of the Bow River's biota, we demonstrate how threat–driver interactions depend on season and the abiotic factor and biotic community or species of interest. We conclude that impact severity and riverine recovery depend on the threat magnitude, its longitudinal position and proximity to other threats and natural drivers. We found that river regulation, water extraction and bank armouring interact to limit geomorphic processes resulting in depleted riparian woodlands and numbers of fish species, though a large, undammed tributary nearby allows quick recovery downstream. We highlight the implications of the longitudinal position of the threats because cold‐water fish species are disproportionately impacted through the area where the human impacts on the Bow River overlap. We illustrate how the interactions between flow, nutrients and temperature lead to macrophyte‐ or algae‐dominated communities and associated shifts in fish composition and biomass. Finally, we applied our increased understanding of ecological riverine processes to conclude that management techniques such as flushing flows or functional environmental flows are likely to have only minimal or conditional success in the Bow River.