bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses to mass shooting events
Authors: Croitoru Arie , Kien Sara , Mahabir Ron , Radzikowski Jacek , Crooks Andrew , Schuchard Ross , Begay Tatyanna , Lee Ashley , Bettios Alex , Stefanidis Anthony 
Published: January 2020

Research SummaryPublic mass shootings tend to capture the public's attention and receive substantial coverage in both traditional media and online social networks (OSNs) and have become a salient topic in them. Motivated by this, the overarching objective of this paper is to advance our understanding of how the public responds to mass shooting events in such media outlets. Specifically, it aims to examine whether distinct information seeking patterns emerge over time and space, and whether associations between public mass shooting events emerge in online activities and discourse. Towards this objective, we study a sequence of five public mass shooting events that have occurred in the United States between October 2017 and May 2018 across three major dimensions: the public's online information seeking activities, the media coverage, and the discourse that emerges in a prominent OSN. To capture these dimensions, respectively, data was collected and analyzed from Google Trends, LexisNexis, Wikipedia Page views, and Twitter. The results of our analysis suggest that distinct temporal patterns emerge in the public's information seeking activities across different platforms, and that associations between an event and its preceding events emerge both in the media coverage and in OSNs.Policy ImplicationStudying the evolution of discourse in OSNs provides a valuable lens to observe how society's views on public mass shooting events are formed and evolved over time and space. The ability to analyze such data allows tapping into the dynamics of reshaping and reframing public mass shooting events in the public sphere and enable it to be closely studied and modeled. A deeper understanding of this process, along with the emerging associations drawn between such events, can then provide policy and decision‐makers with opportunities to better design policies and communicate the significance of their goals and objectives to the public.
Community structure of Korean fir (Abies koreana) snag‐dwelling arthropods on Hallasan National Park, Jeju Island, Korea
Authors: Kim Hyunjung , Na Sumi , Doh Jisun , Yi Hoonbok 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe executed this research to understand the importance of decaying woods as the diverse arthropods' habitat inAbies koreanaforests of Mt. Hallasan, Korea, from 2013 April to 2014 July. We discriminated theAbies koreanaforests into one live stage and three decay stages in three blocks (Sungpanak, Yeongsil, Donnaeko) with three replicates and collected arthropods using an emergence trap per tree. We also used the different slope, altitude, decay stage and characteristics of dead wood as statistical variables. As A result, a total of six classes 23 orders 99 families 224 species (69,674 individuals) were collected from 282 emergence traps. We found that there were significant differences in abundance among decay stages and study sites. Our research results would be relevant for developing the ecologically sustainable forest management strategies and we expect these results would be used as the basic data for the forest management plans ofAbies koreana.
A unified local objective function for optimally selecting SNPs on arrays for agricultural genomics applications
Authors: Wu X‐L. , Li H. , Ferretti R. , Simpson B. , Walker J. , Parham J. , Mastro L. , Qiu J. , Schultz T. , Tait R. G. , Bauck S. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryOver the years, ad‐hoc procedures were used for designing SNP arrays, but the procedures and strategies varied considerably case by case. Recently, a multiple‐objective, local optimization (MOLO) algorithm was proposed to select SNPs for SNP arrays, which maximizes the adjusted SNP information (E score) under multiple constraints, e.g. on MAF, uniformness of SNP locations (U score), the inclusion of obligatory SNPs and the number and size of gaps. In the MOLO, each chromosome is split into equally spaced segments and local optima are selected as the SNPs having the highest adjusted E score within each segment, conditional on the presence of obligatory SNPs. The computation of the adjusted E score, however, is empirical, and it does not scale well between the uniformness of SNP locations and SNP informativeness. In addition, the MOLO objective function does not accommodate the selection of uniformly distributed SNPs. In the present study, we proposed a unified local function for optimally selecting SNPs, as an amendment to the MOLO algorithm. This new local function takes scalable weights between the uniformness and informativeness of SNPs, which allows the selection of SNPs under varied scenarios. The results showed that the weighting between the U and the E scores led to a higher imputation concordance rate than the U score or E score alone. The results from the evaluation of six commercial bovine SNP chips further confirmed this conclusion.
An analysis of the effectiveness outcomes of economic studies evaluating ophthalmic drugs: a systematic review
Authors: Ribeiro Inês , Batel Marques Francisco , Alves Dalila , Alves Carlos 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo characterize the effectiveness measures of cost‐effectiveness studies (CES) of ophthalmic drugs.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in PubMed/Embase until October 2019. Cost‐effectiveness studies (CES) evaluating ophthalmic drugs were included. Sources of effectiveness measures were extracted. Data on study design and study outcomes were extracted from sources of effectiveness measures. The adequacy of the sample size of the clinical studies used as sources of effectiveness measures was assessed. If CES have retrieved effectiveness data from multiple sources, the appropriateness of the method to combine the results was analysed.ResultsForty‐five CES were included. Thirty‐one (68.9%) retrieved their effectiveness measures from experimental studies, five (11.1%) from observational studies and nine (20%) from other type of data sources. Eight (17.8%) CES used data from a primary outcome of a study as an effectiveness measure, eight (17.8%) used data from secondary outcomes, seven (15.6%) used data from the both primary and secondary outcomes and for 22 (48.9%) it was not possible to identify the outcomes used. From the 23 (51.1%) CES based on a single clinical study, three (6.7%) included data from clinical studies which had an adequate sample size to detect significant differences in the clinical outcomes used as effectiveness measures. From the 17 (37.8%) CES based on multiple clinical studies, only one (2.2%) used and/or reported an adequate method of quantitative synthesis (meta‐analysis).ConclusionA considerable number of CES in ophthalmology were not based on clinical studies with adequate sample sizes and report results from effectiveness measures not assessed as primary outcomes.
Episcleral hemangioma distribution patterns could be an indicator of trabeculotomy prognosis in young SWS patients
Authors: Wu Yue , Peng Cheng , Ding Xuming , Zeng Changjuan , Cui Chang , Xu Li , Du Na , Guo Wenyi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo explore the relationships between episcleral hemangioma distribution patterns and trabeculotomy prognosis in young Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) patients.MethodsSturge–Weber syndrome‐induced glaucoma patients less than 4 years of age who underwent trabeculotomy in our Ophthalmology Department from February 2016 to June 2017 were included. Every patient could be divided into simple episcleral vascular abnormal network (SEVAN) or multiple episcleral vascular abnormal network (MEVAN) groups according to their episcleral hemangioma patterns. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was recorded during follow‐up until the last visit.ResultsFifty eyes (forty‐six patients) of SWS were included. Mean age of surgery was 12.6 ± 15.1 months (range 1–47 months). Twenty‐six eyes were in the SEVAN group, while 24 eyes were in the MEVAN group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in demographic data before surgery (p > 0.05). IOPs at 12 months (p = 0.013) and 24 months (p = 0.002) were significantly different between the two groups. At the 24‐month follow‐up, the cumulative proportions of trabeculotomy success in the SEVAN and MEVAN groups were 89.7% and 36.0%, respectively. Patients with MEVAN and larger preoperative corneal diameter (per 0.5 mm) were more likely to experience failed trabeculotomy (hazards ratio [HR], 7.997 [95% CI, 1.640–38.996], p = 0.010; 1.853 [95% CI, 1.128–3.042], p = 0.015).ConclusionHemangiomas exhibited different distribution patterns between SEVAN and MEVAN. Trabeculotomy had a poorer prognosis in young SWS patients with MEVAN than in those with SEVAN. In addition to anterior chamber angle anomalies, vascular factors may contribute to the aetiology of SWS early‐onset glaucoma.
Long‐term oral budesonide treatment and risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with microscopic colitis
Authors: Reilev Mette , Hallas Jesper , Thomsen Ernst Martin , Nielsen Gunnar Lauge , Bonderup Ole K. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBackgroundDue to a substantial first‐pass metabolism of oral budesonide, systemic bioavailability is low compared to other oral corticosteroids, thereby possibly avoiding adverse effects of systemic corticosteroid use.AimTo determine whether use of oral budesonide is associated with osteoporotic fractures in patients with microscopic colitis (MC).MethodsApplying data from the Danish nationwide health registries, we conducted a case‐control study nested within a cohort of patients with MC from 2004 to 2012. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) for the association between budesonide use and osteoporotic fractures (hip, wrist and spinal fractures).ResultsWe identified 417 cases with a first occurrence of an osteoporotic fracture. Eighty‐six per cent were women and the median age was 78 years. The OR for the overall association between ever‐use of budesonide and any osteoporotic fractures did not reach statistical significance (OR 1.13, CI: 0.88‐1.47). The highest risk was observed for spinal fractures (OR 1.98, CI: 0.94‐4.17), where a dose‐response association seemed to exist, followed by hip and wrist fractures (OR 1.17 [CI: 0.79‐1.73] and OR 0.99 [CI: 0.66‐1.47] respectively). We generally found modestly increased ORs across subgroups at suspected high or low risk of fractures (1.00‐2.49). No overall dose‐response association was evident (OR for doubling of cumulative dose 0.93 (CI: 0.84‐1.03).ConclusionNo overall association between use of oral budesonide and osteoporotic fractures was demonstrated among individuals with MC. There seemed to be an isolated adverse effect of budesonide on the risk of spinal fractures, which appears to be dose related.
Distinctive and common features of moderate aplastic anaemia
Authors: Patel Bhumika J. , Barot Shimoli V. , Kuzmanovic Teodora , Kerr Cassandra , Przychodzen Bartlomiej P. , Thota Swapna , Lee Sarah , Patel Saurabh , Radivoyevitch Tomas , Lichtin Alan , Advani Anjali , Kalaycio Matt , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Carraway Hetty E. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe therapy algorithm for severe aplastic anaemia (sAA) is established but moderate AA (mAA), which likely reflects a more diverse pathogenic mechanism, often represents a treatment/management conundrum. A cohort of AA patients (n = 325) was queried for those with non‐severe disease using stringent criteria including bone marrow hypocellularity and chronic persistence of moderately depressed blood counts. As a result, we have identified and analyzed pathological and clinical features in 85 mAA patients. Progression to sAA and direct clonal evolution (paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria/acute myeloid leukaemia; PNH/AML) occurred in 16%, 11% and 1% of mAA cases respectively. Of the mAA patients who received immunosuppressive therapy, 67% responded irrespective of time of initiation of therapy while conservatively managed patients showed no spontaneous remissions. Genomic analysis of mAA identified evidence of clonal haematopoiesis with both persisting and remitting patterns at low allelic frequencies; with more pronounced mutational burden in sAA. Most of the mAA patients have autoimmune pathogenesis similar to those with sAA, but mAA contains a mix of patients with diverse aetiologies. Although progression rates differed between mAA and sAA (P = 0·003), cumulative incidences of mortalities were only marginally different (P = 0·095). Our results provide guidance for diagnosis/management of mAA, a condition for which no current standard of care is established.
Effects of pre‐orogenic tectonic structures on the Cenozoic evolution of Andean deformed belts: Evidence from the Salar de Punta Negra Basin in the Central Andes of Northern Chile
Authors: Martínez Fernando , López Cristopher , Parra Mauricio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe integrated new field observations, two‐dimensional (2‐D) seismic profiles and new and previously reported chronological data to understand the effects of pre‐orogenic structures on the tectonic evolution of the Salar de Punta Negra in the Central Andes. For first time a series of restored geological cross‐sections are presented, thus showing the pre‐orogenic tectonic architecture of the region and new ideas about the tectonic evolution of the inner forearc of the Central Andes. Our results show a series of east‐dipping normal faults as the main pre‐orogenic structures in the region, which resulted from lithospheric stretching of the western continental margin during the Paleozoic to Mesozoic (Triassic–Jurassic). These were later incorporated into the Andean orogen by tectonic inversion, forming west‐verging inversion anticlines. The beginning of the tectonic inversion is constrained by the first on‐lap of the Upper Cretaceous‐Palaeocene syn‐kinematic deposits on the top of the Mesozoic syn‐rift successions, highlighting that inversion occurred during this period. These syn‐kinematic deposits display zircons with older age peaks between ca. 200 and 300 Ma, thus indicating that some Carboniferous to Triassic sources of sediments were eroded during the uplift of the orogen. Other basement reverse faults affect the footwalls of normal inverted faults and the shoulders of ancient half‐graben structures. These truncate and decapitate previous inverted faults and completely cut the infill of the basin, leading to exhumation of the pre‐rift basement rocks. We propose that the propagation of these structures was favoured by the modified thermal‐tectonic state of the lithosphere from the eastward migration of the volcanic arc, and not by the previous pre‐orogenic structures. The structural and stratigraphic relationships recognized both in the field and 2‐D seismic profiles indicate that many reverse faults originated after the initial tectonic inversion and continued to be active from the Eocene until the Pleistocene period.
“Everyday” Scottish and Finnish child protection work in an age of austerity: A practitioner perspective
Authors: Lohvansuu Jenni , Emond Ruth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article examines the accounts given by child protection practitioners of how the current economic climate has impacted on their practice. We build our discussion on empirical findings emerging from a small but rigorous qualitative research project conducted by one of the authors. This original study examined Scottish and Finnish social workers' perceptions of their abilities to engage effectively with children and families in what many have described as an “age of austerity.” It set out to explore challenges encountered in daily practice through a cross‐national comparative thematic analysis. The paper illuminates practitioners' shared reality of frontline practice in Scottish and Finnish contexts. Despite differing socio‐political environments, participating practitioners found austerity measures to impact negatively on both their professional resources and on the communities they work with. Significantly, practitioners regarded themselves as the key resource, taking individual responsibility to ensure families received a quality service. For many, austerity had resulted in greater empathy for families and awareness of the wider economic and structural impact on their lives. The increased centrality of social justice was pivotal to everyday practice.
Identification of FOXH1 mutations in patients with sporadic conotruncal heart defect
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Bojian , Li Fen , Sun Kun , Jiang Xuechao , Xu Rang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConotruncal heart defects (CTD) are an important subtype of congenital heart disease that occur due to abnormality in the development of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT). FOXH1 is a transcription factor that participates in the morphogenesis of the right ventricle and OFT. In this study, we confirmed the expression of FOXH1 in mouse and human embryos during OFT development. We also scanned the coding exons and splicing regions of theFOXH1gene in 605 patients with sporadic CTD and 300 unaffected controls, from which we identified seven heterozygousFOXH1gene mutations. According to bioinformatics analysis results, they were predicted potentially deleterious at conserved amino acid sites. Western blot was used to show that all the variants decreased the expression of FOXH1 protein, while dual‐luciferase reporter assay showed that six of them, with an exception of p.P35R, had enhanced abilities to modulate the expression ofMEF2C, which interacts with NKX2.5 and is involved in cardiac growth. The electrophoretic mobility shift assays result showed that two mutations altered DNA‐binding abilities of mutant FOXH1 proteins. Phenotype heterogeneity was found in patients with the same mutation. These results indicate thatFOXH1mutations lead to disease‐causing functional changes that contribute to the occurrence of CTD.
CYP2C9 and CYP2C19: Deep Mutational Scanning and Functional Characterization of Genomic Missense Variants
Authors: Zhang Lingxin , Sarangi Vivekananda , Moon Irene , Yu Jia , Liu Duan , Devarajan Sandhya , Reid Joel M. , Kalari Krishna R. , Wang Liewei , Weinshilboum Richard 
Published: January 2020

Single nucleotide variants in the open reading frames (ORFs) of pharmacogenes are important causes of interindividual variability in drug response. The functional characterization of variants of unknown significance within ORFs remains a major challenge for pharmacogenomics. Deep mutational scanning (DMS) is a high‐throughput technique that makes it possible to analyze the functional effect of hundreds of variants in a parallel and scalable fashion. We adapted a “landing pad” DMS system to study the function of missense variants in the ORFs of cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 (CYP2C9) and cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19 (CYP2C19). We studied 230 observed missense variants in the CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 ORFs and found that 19 of 109 CYP2C9 and 36 of 121 CYP2C19 variants displayed less than ~ 25% of the wild‐type protein expression, a level that may have clinical relevance. Our results support DMS as an efficient method for the identification of damaging ORF variants that might have potential clinical pharmacogenomic application.
Use of family disability service by families with young children with disabilities
Authors: Russell Matthew J , Zhang Yunqi , Cui Xinjie , Tough Suzanne , Zwicker Jennifer D 
Published: January 2020

AimTo investigate which families with young children with disabilities used disability services and when they used services to inform policy on service delivery.MethodWe used linked administrative data from different ministries in Alberta to describe families’ use of disability services when their children were between the ages of 3 and 8 years old. Disability was investigated on the basis of the presence of a severe special education code for children, and level of special education code. The outcome was the use of family disability services.ResultsOf 31 346 children, 24 761 (79.0%) had no special education code, 3982 (12.7%) had a mild special education code, and 2603 (8.3%) had a severe special education code. Level of special education code was associated with child characteristics and service use. Children with severe special education codes generally were more likely to report service use and have poor outcomes than those with less severe codes. Of note, 26% of children with severe special education codes used family disability services. In addition, among children with severe special education codes, many years of severe coding (compared with fewer years) had the strongest association with family disability service use (prevalence ratio 5.50; 95% confidence interval 4.10–7.37). Associations with family disability service use were seen with mental health, health care, and educational achievement. Interactions between child characteristics and service use were observed.InterpretationThis study provides evidence that families were more likely to use disability services when they were involved with other services, and that use interacts with various factors. The findings highlight the importance of considering service eligibility, referral, and integration.What this paper adds

Children with severe special education codes were more likely to use services than those with less severe codes.

They were also more likely to have poor outcomes than those with less severe codes.

Fewer families used disability services early (age 3y) compared with later on.

Families’ use of disability services corresponded with other service use.

The study elucidated potential barriers and facilitators to disability service use.
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus insulin glargine over 52 weeks as add‐on to metformin with or without sulphonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, parallel‐design, open‐label, Phase 3 trial
Authors: Vilsbøll Tina , Ekholm Ella , Johnsson Eva , Garcia‐Sanchez Ricardo , Dronamraju Nalina , Jabbour Serge A. , Lind Marcus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimEfficacy and safety of dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin (DAPA + SAXA) were compared with insulin glargine (INS) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a 52‐week extension study.Materials and methodsThis international Phase 3 study randomized adults with T2D on metformin with/without sulphonylurea. They received DAPA + SAXA or INS for 24 weeks (short‐term) with a 28‐week (long‐term) extension. Week 52 exploratory endpoints included adjusted mean change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight, and a proportion of patients achieving optimal glycaemic response without hypoglycaemia and without requiring rescue medication.ResultsOf the 1163 patients enrolled, 643 received treatment; 600 (DAPA + SAXA, 306; INS, 294) entered the long‐term phase. At 52 weeks, HbA1c [adjusted least squares (LS) mean; 95% confidence interval (CI)] decreased more with DAPA + SAXA (−1.5% [−1.6%, −1.4%]) than with INS (−1.3% [−1.4%, −1.1%]); the LS mean difference (95% CI) was −0.25% (−0.4%, −0.1%; P = 0.009). Total body weight reduced with DAPA + SAXA [LS mean (95% CI): −1.8 kg (−2.4, −1.3)] and increased with INS [LS mean (95% CI): +2.8 kg (2.2, 3.3)]. More patients on DAPA + SAXA (17.6%) achieved HbA1c <7.0% without hypoglycaemia versus those on INS (9.1%). Rescue medication was required by 77 patients (23.8%) and 97 patients (30.4%) in the DAPA + SAXA and INS groups, respectively.ConclusionDAPA + SAXA treatment was non‐inferior to INS in reducing HbA1c and body weight, and in achieving optimal glycaemic control without hypoglycaemia in patients with T2D 52 weeks after initiation.