bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hatay ili soğan alanlarında yabancı otlarla mücadele yöntemleri üzerine araştırmalar
Authors: Kaya Hikmet , Üremiş İlhan 
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Hatay ili soğan üretim alanlarında sorun olan yabancı otlara karşı kimyasal mücadele uygulamaları, mekanik mücadele ve kimyasal + mekanik mücadelenin etkinliklerini belirleme çalışmaları Kırıkhan ilçesinde 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında yapılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Denemeler Tesadüf Blokları deneme deseninde 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada yabancı ot mücadelesi yapılmayan kontrol parselini de içeren 9 uygulama (çıkış öncesi Pendimethalin 450 g/l (300 ml/da), çıkış sonrası Tepraloxydim 45 g/l (100 ml/da), Quizalofop- P-ethyl 50 g/l (100 ml/da), Bentazone 480 g/l (200 ml/da), Oxyfluorfen 480 g/l (40 ml/da), Linuron 47.5 g/l (100 ml/da), Linuron 47.5 g/l (100 ml/da) + Çapa ve sadece Çapa) ele alınmıştır.Genel Yorum: Yabancı otlara karşı herbisitlerin etkileri ve soğan verim değerleri genel olarak incelendiğinde 2015, 2016 ve 2015-2016 yılları ortalamasından elde edilen en yüksek etkiler Çapa + Linuron ve sadece Çapa uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Soğanda yabancı otlarla mücadele programı; tarladaki koşullar, yabancı ot türleri ve yoğunlukları dikkate alınarak yapılmalıdır.
PENGEMBANGAN PROFESIONALITAS GURU PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI (STUDI PADA TAMAN KANAK-KANAK ADE IRMA MATALOKO KABUPATEN NGADA)
Authors: Ita Efrida 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) kondisi guru TKK Ade Irma, 2) pelaksanaan program pengembangan profesionalitas guru TKK Ade Irma, 3) faktor-faktor yang mendukung dan menghambat pelaksanaan program pengembangan profesionalitas guru TKK Ade Irma, dan 4) upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala dalam pelaksanaan program pengembangan profesionalitas guru di TKK Ade Irma. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah dan 2 orang guru. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif dari Miles dan Huberman dengan komponen-komponennya, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Keabsahan data ditentukan dengan cara triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) kondisi guru di TKK Ade Irma dilihat dari kualifikasi belum memenuhi standar. Sejumlah 2 orang guru lulusan SMU dan SMEA, 2) pelaksanaan kegiatan pengembangan profesionalitas guru belum direncanakan secara baik. Kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan berupa kelompok kerja guru dan supervisi akademik, sedangkan kegiatan-kegiatan ilmiah lainnya tidak diikutsertakan karena beberapa hambatan, 3) hambatan-hambatan tersebut antara lain minimnya bentuk-bentuk kegiatan bagi pendidik PAUD, ketiadaan dana dari lembaga, dan 4) Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan guna mengatasi hambatan-hambatan tersebut antara lain memberi dana bersifat pinjaman kepada guru sebagai kontribusi peserta dalam kegiatan oleh kepala sekolah, menyarankan kepada pihak dinas pendidikan untuk menyelenggarakan kegiatan atau program terutama bagi pengembangan guru PAUD, membuat perencanaan pelaksanaan pengembangan profesionalitas dan diusulkan kepada pihak yayasan, memberi penegasan dan himbauan melalui rapat komite berkaitan dengan pembayaran uang sekolah anak.
Intermediate-mass Black Holes’ Effects on Compact Object Binaries
Authors: Deme Barnabás , Meiron Yohai , Kocsis Bence 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Although their existence is not yet confirmed observationally, intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) may play a key role in the dynamics of galactic nuclei. In this paper, we neglect the effect of the nuclear star cluster itself and investigate only how a small reservoir of IMBHs influences the secular dynamics of stellar-mass black hole binaries, using N-body simulations. We show that our simplifications are valid and that the IMBHs significantly enhance binary evaporation by pushing the binaries into the Hill-unstable region of parameter space, where they are separated by the supermassive black hole’s tidal field. For binaries in the S-cluster region of the Milky Way, IMBHs drive the binaries to merge in up to 1%–6% of cases, assuming five IMBHs within 5 pc of mass 104

each. Observations of binaries in the Galactic center may strongly constrain the population of IMBHs therein.
When is Chemical Disequilibrium in Earth-like Planetary Atmospheres a Biosignature versus an Anti-biosignature? Disequilibria from Dead to Living Worlds
Authors: Wogan Nicholas F. , Catling David C. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chemical disequilibrium in exoplanetary atmospheres (detectable with remote spectroscopy) can indicate life. The modern Earth’s atmosphere–ocean system has a much larger chemical disequilibrium than other solar system planets with atmospheres because of oxygenic photosynthesis. However, no analysis exists comparing disequilibrium on lifeless, prebiotic planets to disequilibrium on worlds with primitive chemotrophic biospheres that live off chemicals and not light. Here, we use a photochemical–microbial ecosystem model to calculate the atmosphere–ocean disequilibria of Earth with no life and with a chemotrophic biosphere. We show that the prebiotic Earth likely had a relatively large atmosphere–ocean disequilibrium due to the coexistence of water vapor and volcanic H2, CO2, and CO. Subsequent chemotrophic life probably destroyed nearly all of the prebiotic disequilibrium through its metabolism, leaving a likely smaller disequilibrium between N2, CO2, CH4, and liquid water. So, disequilibrium fell with the rise of chemotrophic life then later rose with atmospheric oxygenation due to oxygenic photosynthesis. We conclude that big prebiotic disequilibrium between H2 and CO2 or CO and water is an anti-biosignature because these easily metabolized species can be eaten due to redox reactions with low activation energy barriers. However, a large chemical disequilibrium can also be a biosignature when the disequilibrium arises from a chemical mixture with biologically insurmountable activation energy barriers and clearly identifiable biogenic gases. Earth’s modern disequilibrium between O2, N2, and liquid water along with minor CH4 is such a case. Thus, the interpretation of disequilibrium requires context. With context, disequilibrium can be used to infer dead or living worlds.
Evidence for Asteroid Scattering and Distal Solar System Solids From Meteorite Paleomagnetism
Authors: Bryson James F. J. , Weiss Benjamin P. , Lima Eduardo A. , Gattacceca Jérôme , Cassata William S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Asteroid-sized bodies are predicted to have been scattered throughout the solar system following gravitational interactions with the giant planets. This process could have delivered water-rich small bodies to the inner solar system. However, evidence from the meteorite record supporting this scattering is limited due to difficulties in recovering the formation distance of meteorite parent bodies from laboratory measurements. Moreover, ancient millimeter-sized solids that formed in the inner solar system (calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) and chondrules) have also been proposed to have migrated throughout the solar system, which could have been key to their survival. Our understanding of the driving mechanisms, distances, and timings involved in this motion is also restricted for the same reasons. Here, we address these limitations by recovering the formation distance of the parent asteroid of the Tagish Lake meteorite from measurements of its natural remanent magnetization. We find that this meteorite experienced an ancient field intensity <0.15 μT. Accounting for the average effect of a tilted parent body rotation axis and possible uncertainties associated with the remanence acquisition mechanism, this result argues that the Tagish Lake parent body formed at >8–13 au, suggesting this body originates from the distal solar system. Tagish Lake came to Earth from the asteroid belt which, combined with our recovered formation distance, suggests that some small bodies traveled large distances throughout the solar system. Moreover, Tagish Lake contains CAIs and chondrules, indicating that these solids were capable of traveling to the distal solar system within just a few million years.
Linking Destinations Through Sustainable Cultural Routes
Authors: Pattanaro Giulio , Pistocchi Filippo 
Published: April 2020

The potential for cultural routes to promote tourism destinations and increase their competitiveness has been more and more recognised at both European and global level. Planning and developing a cultural route linking together different tourism destinations is a rather difficult and complex process. This analysis will concern the proposal – promoted by a French-based pro-Europe association – to create a European cultural route dedicated to Charlemagne., The main findings are expected to serve, inter alia, as a useful toolbox for those tourism decision-makers who are directly involved in the design and development of cultural routes.
Untangling causality in midlatitude aerosol–cloud adjustments
Authors: McCoy Daniel T. , Field Paul , Gordon Hamish , Elsaesser Gregory S. , Grosvenor Daniel P. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Aerosol–cloud interactions represent the leading uncertainty in our ability to infer climate sensitivity from the observational
record. The forcing from changes in cloud albedo driven by increases in cloud droplet number (Nd) (the first
indirect effect) is confidently negative and has narrowed its probable range in the last decade, but the sign and strength of
forcing associated with changes in cloud macrophysics in response to aerosol (aerosol–cloud adjustments) remain uncertain. This
uncertainty reflects our inability to accurately quantify variability not associated with a causal link flowing from the cloud
microphysical state to the cloud macrophysical state. Once variability associated with meteorology has been removed, covariance
between the liquid water path (LWP) averaged across cloudy and clear regions (here characterizing the macrophysical state) and
Nd (characterizing the microphysical) is the sum of two causal pathways linking Nd to LWP:
Nd altering LWP (adjustments) and precipitation scavenging aerosol and thus depleting Nd. Only the
former term is relevant to constraining adjustments, but disentangling these terms in observations is challenging. We
hypothesize that the diversity of constraints on aerosol–cloud adjustments in the literature may be partly due to not
explicitly characterizing covariance flowing from cloud to aerosol and aerosol to cloud. Here, we restrict our analysis to the
regime of extratropical clouds outside of low-pressure centers associated with cyclonic activity. Observations from MAC-LWP (Multisensor Advanced Climatology of Liquid Water Path)
and MODIS are compared to simulations in the Met Office Unified Model (UM) GA7.1 (the atmosphere model of HadGEM3-GC3.1 and
UKESM1). The meteorological predictors of LWP are found to be similar between the model and observations. There is also
agreement with previous literature on cloud-controlling factors finding that increasing stability, moisture, and sensible heat
flux enhance LWP, while increasing subsidence and sea surface temperature decrease it. A simulation where cloud microphysics
are insensitive to changes in Nd is used to characterize covariance between Nd and LWP that is
induced by factors other than aerosol–cloud adjustments. By removing variability associated with meteorology and scavenging, we
infer the sensitivity of LWP to changes in Nd. Application of this technique to UM GA7.1 simulations reproduces
the true model adjustment strength. Observational constraints developed using simulated covariability not induced by adjustments
and observed covariability between Nd and LWP predict a 25 %–30 % overestimate by the UM GA7.1 in LWP change
and a 30 %–35 % overestimate in associated radiative forcing.
The role of flood wave superposition in the severity of large floods
Authors: Guse Björn , Merz Bruno , Wietzke Luzie , Ullrich Sophie , Viglione Alberto , Vorogushyn Sergiy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The severity of floods is shaped not only by event- and catchment-specific characteristics but also depends on the river network
configuration. At the confluence of relevant tributaries with the main
river, flood event characteristics may change depending on the magnitude
and temporal match of flood waves. This superposition of flood
waves may potentially increase the flood severity downstream in the main
river. However, this aspect has not been analysed for a large set
of river confluences to date. To fill this gap, the role of flood wave superposition in the flood
severity at downstream gauges is investigated in four large
river basins in Germany and Austria (the Elbe, the Danube, the Rhine and
the Weser). A novel methodological approach to analyse flood wave
superposition is presented and applied to mean daily discharge data from
37 triple points. A triple point consists of three gauges: one in the
tributary as well as one upstream and downstream of the confluence with the
main river respectively. At the triple points, differences and similarities in
flood wave characteristics between the main river and the tributary are
analysed in terms of the temporal match and the magnitudes of flood peaks. At many of the confluences analysed, the tributary peaks consistently arrive
earlier than the main river peaks, although high variability in the
time lag is generally detected. No large differences in temporal matching are
detected for floods of different magnitudes. In the majority of
cases, the largest floods at the downstream gauge do not occur due to
perfect temporal match between the tributary and the main river. In terms of
spatial variability, the impact of flood wave superposition is
site-specific. Characteristic patterns of flood wave superposition are
detected for flood peaks in the Danube River, where peak discharges
largely increase due to inflow from alpine tributaries. Overall, we
conclude that the superposition of flood waves is not the driving
factor behind flood peak severity at the major confluences in Germany; however,
a few confluences show the potential for strong flood magnifications if a temporal shift in flood waves was to occur.
Run-up, inundation, and sediment characteristics of the 22 December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia
Authors: Widiyanto Wahyu , Hsiao Shih-Chun , Chen Wei-Bo , Santoso Purwanto B. , Imananta Rudy T. , Lian Wei-Cheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. A tsunami caused by a flank collapse of the southwest part of the Anak Krakatau volcano occurred on 22 December 2018. The tsunami affected the coastal areas located at the edge of the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. To gain an understanding of the tsunami event, field surveys were conducted a month after the incident. The surveys included measurements of run-up height, inundation distance, tsunami direction, and sediment characteristics at 20 selected sites. The survey results revealed that the run-up height reached 9.2 m in Tanjungjaya and an inundation distance of 286.8 m was found at
Cagar Alam, part of Ujung Kulon National Park. The tsunami propagated
radially from Anak Krakatau and reached the coastal zone with a direction
between 25 and 350∘ from the north. Sediment samples were collected at 27 points in tsunami deposits with a sediment thickness of 1.5–12.7 cm. The average distance from the coast of the area with significant sediment deposits and the deposit limit are 45 % and 73 % of the inundation distance, respectively. Sand sheets were sporadic, highly variable, and highly influenced by topography. Grain sizes in the deposit area were finer than those at their sources. The sizes ranged from fine sand to boulders, with medium sand and coarse sand being dominant. All sediment samples had a well-sorted distribution. An assessment of the boulder movements indicates that the tsunami run-up had minimum velocities of 4.0–4.5 m s−1.
Actionable Consequences: Reconstruction, Therapy, and the Remainder of Social Science
Authors: Hogan Brendan , Marcelle Lawrence 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The goal of providing a scientific account of human behavior has driven a great variety of research programs in the social sciences since their disciplinary formation and institutionalization. Arguably, the most dominant mode of social scientific discourse in the last century has been economics. Economists have given various answers to the possibility of providing a scientific account of human action. The most dominant school of thought, neoclassical economics, has answered this in the affirmative. However, the neoclassical model of human agency placed the rational chooser, or homo economicus, at the foundation of this scientific account. Homo economicus has been subjected to a wide variety of criticisms, including from within economics itself. Recently, this critique has taken shape in the work of behavioral economists such as Daniel Kahneman. However critical this rival theory may be, it remains the case that both schools rest upon an understanding of the methods and aims of economics that was the target of both John Dewey and Ludwig Wittgenstein. This article draws out several consequences of examining both rival economic schools from Dewey’s reconstructive understanding of inquiry and Wittgenstein’s therapeutic treatment of intellectual problems.
Het loon van de vereffenaar ex artikel 4:206 lid 3 BW: is er nog een rekening te vereffenen?
Authors: Diks J.Th.M. , Lavrijssen N. 
Published: April 2020

Het loon van de vereffenaar ex artikel 4:206 lid 3 BW: is er nog een rekening te vereffenen?
Een door de rechter benoemde vereffenaar heeft op grond van artikel 4:206 lid 3 BW recht op loon dat door de kantonrechter wordt vastgesteld. Over het loon van de vereffenaar en het eventuele voorschot daarop ontstaat met enige regelmaat discussie en bestaat ook nog de nodige onduidelijkheid. In deze bijdrage gaan de auteurs hierop in. Daarbij wordt tevens ingegaan op de Recofa-richtlijnen voor de bepaling van de hoogte van het loon, de positie die een vereffenaar als schuldeiser inneemt en de actie die erfgenamen ter beschikking staat als ze het niet eens zijn met de hoogte van het loon van de vereffenaar. Ook wordt een vergelijking gemaakt met het salaris van de curator in een faillissement.
Diversity of rhizosphere and endophytic fungi in Atractylodes macrocephala during continuous cropping
Authors: Zhu Bo , Wu Jianjun , Ji Qingyong , Wu Wei , Dong Shihui , Yu Jiayan , Zhang Qiaoyan , Qin Luping 
Published: April 2020

Rhizospheric and endophytic fungi are key factors which influence plant fitness and soil fertility. Atractylodes macrocephala is one of the best-known perennial herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine. Continuous cropping has been shown to have a negative effect on its growth and renders it more susceptible to microbial pathogen attacks. In this study, we investigated the effects of continuous cropping on the endophytic and rhizospheric fungi associated with A. macrocephala using culture-independent Illumina MiSeq. Continuous cropping was found to decrease fungal diversity inside plant roots, stems, leaves and tubers. Additionally, we found that the structure and diversity of rhizospheric and endophytic fungal communities were altered by root-rot disease. Fusarium was overrepresented among root-rot rhizospheric and endophytic fungi, indicating that it has a major negative impact on plant health during A. macrocephala monocropping. Canonical correspondence analysis of the control and diseased samples revealed that pH, hydrolysis N, electrical conductivity and Hg content were well-correlated with fungal community composition during continuous cropping. Taken together, these results highlight the ecological significance of fungal communities in maintaining plant fitness and will guide the development strategies to attenuate the negative impacts of A. macrocephala continuous cropping.
Antioxidant Activities, Nutritional Composition and Antinutritional Properties of Two Leafy Vegetables (Cleome rutidosperma and Cassia tora) Consumed in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Sha’a Kiliobas Kiri , Pwakangdi Susan Artimas 
Published: April 2020

Antioxidants are agents which scavenge free radicals and prevent cellular damage cause by them. They reduce the damage due to free radicals by neutralizing them before they can attack the cells. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant, nutritional and antinutritional properties of two leafy vegetables, Cleome rutidosperma and Cassia tora consumed in Adamawa State, Nigeria. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) models were used to determine antioxidant activities of extracts. Nutritional composition and antinutritional properties were determined using standard procedures. There was a significant (p=0.05) decrease in the concentration of DPPH radical due to the scavenging activity of ethanol leaf extract of Cleome rutidosperma compared to control/standard. In FRAP also, C. rutidosperma ethanolic extract exhibited higher ferric reducing power than C. tora. Proximate analysis revealed the nutrients for C. rutidosperma and C. tora as; crude protein (31.06±0.00% and 26.24±0.00%), fat (7.13±0.00% and 6.93±0.10%), ash (15.17±0.61% and 11.60±0.00%), crude fiber (11.06±0.01 and 13.19±0.10%), moisture (9.99±0.00% and 9.12±0.10%), NFE (25.60±0.10% and 32.94±0.10%) respectively. Antinutritionals in ethanolic extracts of C. rutidosperma and C. tora were; oxalates, saponins, tannins, cyanogenic glycosides, phytate and alkaloids. Both vegetables revealed good percentages of proteins which can be used to compliment other sources of protein. All antinutrients of extracts were within tolerable levels.
Effect of the Garcinia kola Seed on Serum Lipids in Adult Subjects
Authors: Gomina Moutawakilou , Salifou Tarik , Djidonou Gilbert , Zinsou Stanislas 
Published: April 2020

Background: Many studies have reported the lipid-lowering effect of the Garcinia kola seed in experimental animals.
Objective: Assessing the effect of daily intake of Garcinia kola seed on serum lipids in adult subjects.
Methods: This research work was an intervention study based on a quasi-experimental approach carried out over a three-month period i.e. from May 1 to July 30, 2019. The study sample consisted of 40 adult subjects (18 men and 22 women) who gave their written informed consent to participate to in the study. After receiving required information, each subject underwent a baseline lipid test consisting of total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides. Then, each subject consumed every day one Garcinia kola seed during 90 days. Every 30 days, a lipid test was performed. TC, HDL-C and triglycerides were determined using end-point colometric enzyme assay. LDL-C was estimated using the formula of Friedewald. Student’s t test helped compare the mean values of lipid parameters at the beginning and at the end of the experiment at the threshold of 5%.
Results: At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, the mean values in g/L of TC (1.68±0.35 vs 1.60±0.31), HDL-C (0.53±0.13 vs 0.51±0.14), LDL-C (0.97±0.36 vs 0.94±0.34) and triglycerides (0.91±0.50 vs 0.72±0.33) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). However, we noted a downward trend in those values over time during the experiment.
Conclusion: The daily consumption of Garcinia kola seed improves serum lipid profile. The use of that seed is a potential alternative to the conventional treatment of dyslipidemia.