bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review: Honey and Its Nutritional Composition
Authors: Hasam Sabia , Qarizada Deana , Azizi Muzhda 
Published: October 2020

Honey is one of the historical natural products produced by honey bees. Humans used it as medicine and protection against some infectious diseases, a honey quale is dependent in its classification of the honey bee. The most famous accomplished honey bees in the world are Africanized honey bee (Apis mellıfera .l), Western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera), Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana), Philippine honey bee (Apis nigrocincta), Koschevnikovs honey bee (A. koschevnikovi), Giant Honeybees (Apis dorsata), Dwarf Honeybees (Apis andreniformis). This study collected the health effect, quality and usage of honey in several industries; also argue about the nutritious value of honey that the most important parts are protein, carbohydrates, vitamin, and minerals.
Honey is not only a nutrient it also plays a major role in many other products, uses of honey in cosmetics as a protective and softener of skin, it is used up to 22% in paste masks and mud packs (which are considered rinse-off formulations). Uses of honey in Ayurveda for prevention of irritation, cough, healthy teeth, gums, and boons.
Production of honey has been compared in 2013 to 2018, in 2013 the world production of honey was 1,664 thousand tones with an increase of 1/3 in just two decades. China, where manufacturing amounted to 466.3 thousand tons, i.e. approximately 29% of the global volume of output, these are showing that China was the biggest producer of honey in the world but it gets a decrease in 2018 as well as Brazil, America, Russia, Ethiopia, and Iran. And it increases in Turkey, Argentine, India, Mexico, and Poland.
Assessment of Socio-economic Characteristics and Anthropometric Status of Pre and Post-menopausal Civil Servants in Abeokuta, Ogun State Nigeria
Authors: I. Ojo M. , S. Nupo S. , A. Shittu T. , A. Sanni S. , A. Ilori O. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Menopause is the consistent and continuous absence of menses for twelve consecutive months among women.
Aim: The study was conducted to assess the Anthropometry and Nutrient intake of pre and post-menopausal civil servant in Abeokuta, Ogun state. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist/Hip ratio were used to classify the anthropometric characteristics of the respondents and were compared with the WHO reference standard.
Methods: All statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS/RC) Programme (version 16). Chi-square, t-test and Pearson linear correlation were used to assess the relationship between variables.
Results: Result of Body Mass Index (BMI) revealed that a total of 17.4% of pre-menopausal women and 14.8% of the menopausal were obese. Consumption of fruit and vegetable was low for both groups of women. There was a significant difference in the WHR (p< 0.05) and no significant difference in the mean intake of the two groups considered at p< 0.05. There was a positive correlation (r=0.246) between age and BMI and a positive correlation (r=0.164) between BMI and activity level.
Conclusion: There is a need to educate respondents on weight maintenance. An improvement in respondents' knowledge on the importance of fruit and vegetable, through nutrition education, and way to incorporate these sources of nutrient in the diet will go a long way in improving nutritional status.
Different Cropping System Effects of Depth-Wise Distribution of Available NPKS in an Inceptisol of Southern Telangana Zone
Authors: Nthebere Knight , Sharma S. H. K. , Kumari Ch. Pragathi , Qureshi A. Aziz 
Published: October 2020

The present study was undertaken in the ongoing long-term experiment initiated during 2017 at the experimental farm of College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm) and analysed for soil fertility parameters namely: available N, P, K and S. The results indicated that the different cropping systems had positive influence on improving the nutrient status (i.e., available N, P and K) significantly over the initial soil values (N: 112.20, P: 23.40 and K: 170.30 kg ha-1, respectively). Interestingly, it was noticed that improved availability of nutrients (N, P, K and S) was more profound in the upper soil layer (0–15 cm) compared to lower depth (15–30 cm) in all the cropping systems (CS). The CS: Bt cotton + Greengram – Groundnut had recorded high nitrogen (N=221.60 kg-1), CS: Fodder maize – Lucerne recorded high in available P (P=49.13 kg-1) and CS: Fodder sorghum + Fodder cowpea – Horsegram – Sunhemp recorded high in K and S (K=208.10 kg-1, S= 172.0 kg S ha-1) after kharif season. While, CS: Pigeon pea + Greengram – Sesame showed high for N (N=228.57 kg-1), CS: Fodder maize – Lucerne for high P (P=48.27 kg-1) and Rice – Maize recorded high for K and S (K=207.63 kg-1 and S= 95.40 kg S ha-1) in top soil layer (0–15 cm) after harvest of rabi compared to lower soil depth (15–30 cm).
New Smart Antimicrobial Hydrogels, Nanomaterials, and Coatings: Earlier Action, More Specific, Better Dosing?
Authors: Tallet Lorène , Gribova Varvara , Ploux Lydie , Vrana Nihal Engin , Lavalle Philippe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo fight against antibiotic‐resistant bacteria adhering and developing on medical devices, which is a growing problem worldwide, researchers are currently developing new “smart” materials and coatings. They consist in delivery of antimicrobial agents in an intelligent way, i.e., only when bacteria are present. This requires the use of new and sophisticated tools combining antimicrobial agents with lipids or polymers, synthetic and/or natural. In this review, three classes of innovative materials are described: hydrogels, nanomaterials, and thin films. Moreover, smart antibacterial materials can be classified into two groups depending on the origin of the stimulus used: those that respond to a nonbiological stimulus (light, temperature, electric and magnetic fields) and those that respond to a biological stimulus related to the presence of bacteria, such as changes in pH or bacterial enzyme secretion. The bacteria presence can induce a pH change that constitutes a first potential biological trigger allowing the system to become active. A second biological trigger signal consists in enzymes produced by bacteria themselves. A complete panel of recent studies will be given focusing on the design of such innovative smart materials that are sensitive to biological triggers.
Controlled Assembly of Liquid Metal Inclusions as a General Approach for Multifunctional Composites
Authors: Ford Michael J. , Patel Dinesh K. , Pan Chengfeng , Bergbreiter Sarah , Majidi Carmel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoft composites that use droplets of gallium‐based liquid metal (LM) as the dispersion phase have the potential for transformative impact in multifunctional material engineering. However, it is unclear whether percolation pathways of LM can support high electrical conductivity in a wide range of matrix materials. This issue is addressed through an approach to LM composite synthesis that focuses on the interrelated effects of matrix curing/solidification and droplet formation. The combined influence of LM concentration, particle size, and sedimentation is explored. By developing this approach, the functionalities that have been demonstrated with LM composites can be generalized to other matrix materials that impart additional functionality. Specifically, composites are synthesized using a biodegradable/reprocessable plastic (polycaprolactone), a hydrogel (poly(vinyl alcohol)), and a processable rubber (a styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene derivative) to demonstrate wide applicability. This method enables synthesis of composites: i) with high stretchability and negligible electromechanical coupling (>600% strain); ii) with Joule‐heated healing and reprocessability; iii) with electrical and mechanical self‐healing; and iv) that can be printed. This approach to controlled assembly represents a widely applicable technique for creating new classes of LM composites with unprecedented multifunctionality.
Bifunctional Therapeutic Peptides for Targeting Malignant B Cells and Hepatocytes: Proof of Concept in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Simon‐Gracia Lorena , Savier Eric , Parizot Christophe , Brossas Jean Yves , Loisel Severine , Teesalu Tambet , Conti Filomena , Charlotte Frederic , Scatton Olivier , Aoudjehane Lynda , Rebollo Angelita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProtein–protein interactions are well recognized as therapeutic targets and therefore interfering peptides (IP) that block these interactions are receiving increasing attention. Four different tumor‐penetrating peptides (TPPs) (iRGD, RPARPAR, Linear TT1 (LinTT1), and cyclic TT1 (TT1)) are associated to an IP that blocks the interaction between the protein phosphatase PP2A and its binding protein SET, generating new bifunctional peptides able to intracellularly target the PP2A/SET interaction in malignant B cells and tumoral hepatocytes. The TPPs are able to penetrate into B cells of patients suffering chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and into tumoral hepatocytes but not into B cells from healthy donors and healthy hepatocytes. The association of cargo does not affect the penetration of the TPPs in CLL B cells. All the bifunctional peptides induce apoptosis in human CLL B cells and tumoral hepatocytes, and stability tests reveal that iRGD‐IP, RPARPAR‐IP, and TT1‐IP are stable after 24 h incubation in human serum. The iRGD associated with the IP significantly increases the survival of mice bearing xenograft models of CLL without any symptom of toxicity, suggesting that the bifunctional peptides may have a therapeutic application for selective tumoral targeting of PP2A/SET interaction, which is deregulated in several cancers, including CLL.
One‐Pot Synthesis of pH‐Responsive Eudragit‐Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposites Enable Colonic Delivery of Glucocorticoids for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Qu Zhi , Wong Kuan Yau , Moniruzzaman Md. , Begun Jakob , Santos Hélder A , Hasnain Sumaira Z. , Kumeria Tushar , McGuckin Michael A. , Popat Amirali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOral glucocorticoids are backbones for the acute management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the clinical effectiveness of conventional oral dosage forms of glucocorticoids is hindered by their low delivery efficiency and systemic side effects. To overcome this problem, a smart drug delivery system with high loading capacity and colonic release by coating functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with a pH‐responsive polymer Eudragit S100 is proposed. In vitro dissolution tests show that Eudragit‐coated MSNs can limit the burst release of loaded prednisolone and budesonide in the gastric environment with more than 60% of the drugs released only at colonic pH (i.e., pH ≥ 7). In vivo therapeutic efficacy of budesonide‐loaded nanoparticles is tested in a murine model of dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis. An oral budesonide dose of 0.2 mg kg−1 nanoparticles with Eudragit coating improves the disease activity index compared to other groups. Interestingly, both coated and uncoated nanoparticles show pathological improvements demonstrated by similar levels of histological colitis score. However, coated nanoparticles significantly decrease mRNA expression of the cytokines (Il‐1β, Il‐17, and Il‐10) particularly in proximal colon, indicating colonic delivery. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of a simple method to fabricate targeted nanomedicine for the treatment of IBD.
Is it Time for Reviewer 3 to Request Human Organ Chip Experiments Instead of Animal Validation Studies?
Authors: Ingber Donald E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor the past century, experimental data obtained from animal studies have been required by reviewers of scientific articles and grant applications to validate the physiological relevance of in vitro results. At the same time, pharmaceutical researchers and regulatory agencies recognize that results from preclinical animal models frequently fail to predict drug responses in humans. This Progress Report reviews recent advances in human organ‐on‐a‐chip (Organ Chip) microfluidic culture technology, both with single Organ Chips and fluidically coupled human “Body‐on‐Chips” platforms, which demonstrate their ability to recapitulate human physiology and disease states, as well as human patient responses to clinically relevant drug pharmacokinetic exposures, with higher fidelity than other in vitro models or animal studies. These findings raise the question of whether continuing to require results of animal testing for publication or grant funding still makes scientific or ethical sense, and if more physiologically relevant human Organ Chip models might better serve this purpose. This issue is addressed in this article in context of the history of the field, and advantages and disadvantages of Organ Chip approaches versus animal models are discussed that should be considered by the wider research community.
Metal Halide Perovskites for High‐Energy Radiation Detection
Authors: Kakavelakis George , Gedda Murali , Panagiotopoulos Apostolis , Kymakis Emmanuel , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Petridis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as a frontrunner semiconductor technology for application in third generation photovoltaics while simultaneously making significant strides in other areas of optoelectronics. Photodetectors are one of the latest additions in an expanding list of applications of this fascinating family of materials. The extensive range of possible inorganic and hybrid perovskites coupled with their processing versatility and ability to convert external stimuli into easily measurable optical/electrical signals makes them an auspicious sensing element even for the high‐energy domain of the electromagnetic spectrum. Key to this is the ability of MHPs to accommodate heavy elements while being able to form large, high‐quality crystals and polycrystalline layers, making them one of the most promising emerging X‐ray and γ‐ray detector technologies. Here, the fundamental principles of high‐energy radiation detection are reviewed with emphasis on recent progress in the emerging and fascinating field of metal halide perovskite‐based X‐ray and γ‐ray detectors. The review starts with a discussion of the basic principles of high‐energy radiation detection with focus on key performance metrics followed by a comprehensive summary of the recent progress in the field of perovskite‐based detectors. The article concludes with a discussion of the remaining challenges and future perspectives.
A Virtual Point‐of‐care Ultrasound Course During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Lin Sophia D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, in‐person educational activities for emergency medicine (EM) residents were suspended. As a result, we developed a virtual point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) course for incoming EM interns consisting of online didactics and faculty‐proctored hands‐on scan sessions utilizing a video conferencing platform and a handheld smartphone‐compatible ultrasound transducer. Learners found the course to be effective in improving their POCUS knowledge and scanning skills. Feedback obtained from this course will allow us to improve future virtual courses.
Driving factors behind consumers' severe response to U.S. beef imports during the candlelight protest in South Korea
Authors: Jin Hyun J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe South Korean government's reversal of a ban on American beef imports in 2008 caused enormous political and social upheaval in the country. The government's acquiescence to the United States' request to resume imports of boned beef and beef from cattle slaughtered over the age of 30 months led to overwhelming negative publicity, as mass media described the decision as yielding to U.S. pressure at the expense of public health. Koreans gathered to demonstrate against the agreement; the resulting “candlelight protest” quickly intensified, spreading across the country from May 2008 through August 2008. Given the different opinions regarding the main causes of the event, this study revisits the issue by empirically testing for switches in meat demand for different types of meat among South Korean consumers. The results indicate that there was no structural change in meat demand around the candlelight protest period, which suggests that variations in meat demand during that period can be explained by changes in relative prices between different types of meat. This implies that unlike the findings of previous studies, the negative consumer reaction was not associated with risk‐averse behavior concerning the consumption of U.S. beef.[EconLit citations: C14; E20; Q11]
Expanding the phenotype of Wiedemann‐Steiner syndrome: Craniovertebral junction anomalies
Authors: Giangiobbe Sara , Caraffi Stefano Giuseppe , Ivanovski Ivan , Maini Ilenia , Pollazzon Marzia , Rosato Simonetta , Trimarchi Gabriele , Lauriello Anna , Marinelli Maria , Nicoli Davide , Baldo Chiara , Laurie Steven , Flores‐Daboub Josue , Provenzano Aldesia , Andreucci Elena , Peluso Francesca , Rizzo Renata , Stewart Helen , Lachlan Katherine , Bayat Allan , Napoli Manuela , Carboni Giorgia , Baker Janice , Mendel Alyssa , Piatelli Gianluca , Pantaleoni Chiara , Mattina Teresa , Prontera Paolo , Mendelsohn Nancy J. , Giglio Sabrina , Zuffardi Orsetta , Garavelli Livia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WDSTS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by heterozygous loss of function variants in the KMT2A (MLL) gene, encoding a lysine N‐methyltransferase that mediates a histone methylation pattern specific for epigenetic transcriptional activation. WDSTS is characterized by a distinctive facial phenotype, hypertrichosis, short stature, developmental delay, intellectual disability, congenital malformations, and skeletal anomalies. Recently, a few patients have been reported having abnormal skeletal development of the cervical spine. Here we describe 11 such individuals, all with KMT2A de novo loss‐of‐function variants: 10 showed craniovertebral junction anomalies, while an 11th patient had a cervical abnormality in C7. By evaluating clinical and diagnostic imaging data we characterized these anomalies, which consist primarily of fused cervical vertebrae, C1 and C2 abnormalities, small foramen magnum and Chiari malformation type I. Craniovertebral anomalies in WDSTS patients have been largely disregarded so far, but the increasing number of reports suggests that they may be an intrinsic feature of this syndrome. Specific investigation strategies should be considered for early identification and prevention of craniovertebral junction complications in WDSTS patients.
Flow Photochemistry for Single‐Chain Polymer Nanoparticle Synthesis
Authors: Galant Or , Donmez Hasan Barca , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Diesendruck Charles E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSingle chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNP) are an attractive polymer architecture that provides functions seen in folded biomacromolecules. The generation of SCNPs, however, is limited by the requirement of a high dilution chemical step, necessitating the use of large reactors to produce processable quantities of material. Herein, the chemical folding of macromolecules into SCNPs is achieved in both batch and flow photochemical processes by the previously described photodimerization of anthracene units in polymethylmethacrylate (100 kDa) under UV irradiation at 366 nm. When employing flow chemistry, the irradiation time is readily controlled by tuning the flow rates, allowing for the precise control over the intramolecular collapse process. The flow system provides a route at least four times more efficient for SCNP formation, reaching higher intramolecular cross‐linking ratios five times faster than batch operation.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Nucleophilic Addition of N‐tert‐Butylhydrazones to Isoquinolinium Ions through Anion‐Binding Catalysis
Authors: Matador Esteban , Iglesias‐Sigüenza Javier , Monge David , Merino Pedro , Fernández Rosario , Lassaletta José M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective thiourea‐catalyzed dearomatization of isoquinolines employing N‐tert‐butylhydrazones as neutral α‐azo carbanions and masked acyl anion equivalents has been developed. Experimental and computational data supports the generation of highly ordered complexes wherein the chloride behaves as a template for the catalyst, the hydrazone reagent, and the isoquinolinium cation, providing excellent stereocontrol in the formation of two contiguous stereogenic centers. The ensuing selective and high‐yielding transformations provide appealing dihydroisoquinoline derivatives.
Ordered Mesoporous Carbons with Graphitic Tubular Frameworks by Dual Templating for Efficient Electrocatalysis and Energy Storage
Authors: Baek Du San , Lee Kyung Ah , Park Jaehyun , Kim Jae Hyung , Lee Jungsoo , Lim June Sung , Lee So Young , Shin Tae Joo , Jeong Hu Young , Son Jae Sung , Kang Seok Ju , Kim Jin Young , Joo Sang Hoon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOrdered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) have attracted considerable interest owing to their broad utility. OMCs reported to date comprise amorphous rod‐like or tubular or graphitic rod‐like frameworks, which exhibit tradeoffs between conductivity and surface area. Here we report ordered mesoporous carbons constructed with graphitic tubular frameworks (OMGCs) with tunable pore sizes and mesostructures via dual templating, using mesoporous silica and molybdenum carbide as exo‐ and endo‐templates, respectively. OMGCs simultaneously realize high electrical conductivity and large surface area and pore volume. Benefitting from these features, Ru nanoparticles (NPs) supported on OMGC exhibit superior catalytic activity for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction and single‐cell performance for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis compared to Ru NPs on other OMCs and commercial catalysts. Further, the OMGC‐based full‐carbon symmetric cell demonstrates excellent performances for Li‐ion capacitors.
Extraction and derivatization for perfluorocarboxylic acids in liquid and solid matrices: A review
Authors: Stróżyńska Monika , Schuhen Katrin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPerfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are anthropogenic organic compounds with very unique and useful properties, for example, surfactant properties and immense stability. These substances are nowadays widely used in many industrial and consumer products. Their presence in human, biological, and environmental samples throughout the world has been described in numerous research articles. Unfortunately, PFCAs have also been found to be toxic, persistent, and bioaccumulative. Therefore, there is a great need for a constant and reliable detection of PFCAs in various matrices. Nowadays, the analysis based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC‐MS and LC‐MS/MS) is considered to be the method of choice. Determination of PFCAs by gas chromatography (GC) is not so well established as the LC methods. Nevertheless, GC can be considered as a complementary method, which can help to gain more reliable results and to crosscheck the LC analysis. The sample preparation is crucial, but also a time‐ and cost‐consuming part of the PFCAs analysis. This article reviews the two most important sample preparation steps for the analysis of PFCAs: extraction and derivatization. It discusses the possible enrichment of PFCA using various extraction techniques used both for LC and GC. The derivatizing agents used prior to the GC analysis are described. The sample pretreatment as well as the most relevant problems and the sensitivity of the methods are presented. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of LC and GC analysis are discussed.