bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exfoliative vaginal cytology of Saanen goat (Capra hircus) during estrus cycle
Authors: Sitaresmi P I , Widyobroto B P , Bintara S , Widayati D T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The exfoliative cytology of the vaginal was evaluated in Saanen goat during the estrus cycle by vaginal smear method. Its a simple technique to determine of estrus cycle stages and a useful tool to determine or identify the estrus phase. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of exfoliative vaginal cell during the stages of estrus cycle using vaginal smear techniques in Saanen goat. Twenty Saanen goat with weigh 45-55 kg, 3-4 years and had a period of estrus 19-22 days in dry period were observed. All goats were in natural estrus cycle without synchronization. A vaginal smear and vaginal pH were collected from swabbed vaginal epithelium. The result showed the proportion of vaginal cell was significantly different in each phase of estrus cycle. The proportion of superficial cell was dominated in estrus phase. Also, the highest pH values were significantly higher in estrus phase rather than in the other phases. In conclusion, the dominant proportion of superficial cell and a high vaginal pH value which occurred in follicular phase might be used as a marker to determine the optimal time for goat insemination.
Multiplex PCR assay for animal species identification in meat bone meal
Authors: Cahyadi M , Wibowo T , Nugraheni Y P , Fadhila A , Pramono A , Hadi R F , Abdurrahman Z H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The authenticity of meat bone meal (MBM) in animal feed is needed to be considered due to inappropriate feed ingredients for certain types of livestock may cause various diseases. This work was aimed to identify animal species in MBM using multiplex PCR assay with 12S rRNA gene as a target region. Total of eight DNA samples were extracted from three species (chicken, bovine, and porcine) which are used as positive controls and three MBM samples. The MBM samples were collected from three different importers. Additionally, a multiplex PCR assay has been performed to identify animal species in MBM. Multiplex PCR of 12S rRNA gene was designed to detect bovine, chicken, and porcine in MBM samples. The PCR products was visualized using 2% agarose gels under the UV light. The results showed that multiplex-PCR of 12S rRNA gene was able to identify bovine which is indicated by 155 bp of DNA band. Chicken and porcine were not found in MBM samples. Meat bone meal samples used in this study might be used to be a feedstuff for poultry, porcine, and other non-ruminants. In conclusion, Multiplex-PCR using mt-DNA 12S rRNA was effective and accurate technique to identify species contained in MBM samples.
Heterosis on morphometric traits of crossbreds from Anglo Nubian and Etawah Grade goats
Authors: Praharani L , Anggraeni A , Hapsari A A R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Crossbreeding was applied to increase production performance of local goats. This study was conducted to evaluate the heterosis effect of morphometric traits in crossbred does produced from a mating between Anglo Nubian (AN) and Etawah Grade (PE) goats. A total of 34 does of AN, 66 F-1 ANxPE and 40 PE were used to analyze heterosis effect of morphometric traits. Data were analyzed using general linear model with age and genotype as fixed effects. Morphometric traits were affected significantly by genotype (P<0.05), but head with, body length and chest width were not. Heterosis of body weight, head length, head width, ear length, ear width, body length, heart girth, chest width, wither height, hip height, hip width, foreleg length, rear leg length, tail length, tail width were -2.75, -2.60, -2.09, -13.79, -3.90, 0.21, -3.82, 0.14, -3.1, -5.42, 6.06, -6.16, -5.88, -9.44 and 2.88%, respectively. Crossbreeding of Anglo Nubian and Etawah Grade resulted in low heterosis effects of morphometric traits. This study indicated crossbreeding of Anglo Nubian and Etawah grade need to be considered.
Morning temperature and humidity compatibility status of dairy cows using temperature humidity index: a case study in Jongbiru village, Kediri regency
Authors: Saputra F T , Surjowardojo P , Irdaf  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to observe the status of morning temperature and humidity of the dairy cows’ living environment. The collected data were temperature and humidity measured with dry and wet bulb thermometers. These primary data were processed using THI equation which was specific for dairy cow and classified into six classes based on THI index: (1) comfort; (2) mild discomfort; (3) discomfort; (4) alert; (5) danger; and also (6) emergency. The data then analyzed and explained using descriptive analysis. As a result, the environment’s temperature and humidity were not suitable for the dairy cows. Out ofthirty-one observation days, dairy cow suffered 24 times discomfort, six times alert, and twice mild discomfort. The lowest temperature was 220C while the highest was 260C. Meanwhile, the minimum humidity value 80% and maximum of 95%. It can be concluded that morning temperature and humidity in the study area were not suitable for the dairy cows.
Effects of feed form on small intestine histomorphology of broilers
Authors: Ariyadi B , Sudaryati S , Harimurti S , Wihandoyo  , Sasongko H , Habibi M F , Rahayu D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different feed forms on small intestine histomorphology of broiler chicken at 35 days of age. A total of 72 unsexed New-Lohman broiler chicks was placed into three treatments with three replications of 8 chicks. Feed treatments were given in two phases: 0-21 days and 22-35 days. The treatments group consisted of T1 (0-21 days: mash form, 22-35 days: mash form, defined as mash: mash), T2 and T3 were crumble:crumble and crumble: pellet form, respectively. Parameters evaluated were small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) histomorphology (villus height, villus width, crypt depth, and villus height to crypt depth ratio), as well as their weight (g) and length (cm). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Villus height, crypt depth, and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum of T1 were lower than T2 and T3. The length and weight of duodenum and jejunum of T2 and T3 were higher than T1. It can be concluded that broilers fed by crumble: crumble and crumble: pellet form could improve the development of small intestine as well as its histomorphology.
Nutrient intake of lactating dairy cows during the wet and dry seasons in Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Astuti A , Rochijan  , Widyobroto B P , Noviandi C T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the nutrient intake of lactating dairy cows in the wet and dry seasons in Wukirsari, Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The experiment was conducted using forty lactating Friesian Holstein cows selected from dairy group farms, with average body weight 421.77±28.60 kg, and in 1st to 3rd lactation, housed in permanent pen models stanchion barn with cement floors and rubber mat with feed and drink water. They were fed twice daily, morning and afternoon and drinking water was given ad libitum. Feed samples were taken and analyzed in the Laboratory of Dairy Science and Milk Industry, Faculty of Animal Science UGM. The observed variables were feed availability and nutrients intake. The comparison results between the two conditions (wet and dry seasons) were tested using independent t-test analysis. The result indicated that intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber and total digestible nutrient were not differ significantly. However, intake of crude protein (2.52±0.37 vs. 2.22±0.43 kg DM/head/day) was differ significantly (P<0.05) between wet and dry seasons. It was concluded that nutrient intake of lactating dairy cows in the wet season was better than the dry season, especially the intake of crude protein.
Communication network of buffalo farmers in lar Gili Rakit of Sumbawa Island West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Islamiah P J , Haryadi F T , Guntoro B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Transporting buffaloes to natural pasture (Lar) Gili Rakit by letting the buffaloes to swim in a bay locally called as “kebo nange”, is traditional management practiced by Sumbawa farmers. The information needs make individuals communicate with each other and form a communication network. This study determined the structure, cohesiveness, and centrality of actors of the Sumbawa farmers in the network of communication. 200 respondents from nine villages in Empang and Tarano Sub-districts were interviewed by using the snowball sampling method UCINET 6 was used to analyze their communication network and discussed descriptively. The results of the study show that the communication network of Sumbawa buffalo farmers in Gili Rakit the two villages are radial personal networks and seven villages are interlock personal network. The central network dominant and centered on the main actors namely actors 72, 190, 68, 132, and 104 in the network with the highest local centrality 191 ties, global centrality 96135 ties and the centrality of actors 18.382.875 ties.
Effects of water restriction on behaviour, feed and water intake of Ongole crossbred cows at various physiological conditions in the smallholder farmers
Authors: Astrini A L , Astuti A , Baliarti E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the behaviour, feed and water intake of Ongole Crossbred cows on various physiological conditions at the smallholder farmers with water restrict provided. Ten cows (3 non-pregnant, 4 pregnant and 3 lactations) were observed for their eating and drinking behaviour as well as feed and water intake for 8 consecutive days. The behaviour observed including eating time, frequencies of eating, drinking, defecation and urination. Behaviour and consumption were analysed using a one way ANOVA and continued with the DMRT test. The results showed that there were significant differences in the level of water intake for cows on different physiological status (P <0.05). The frequencies of feeding and urination of non-pregnant and pregnant cows were lower (P <0.05) than lactation cows. Non-pregnant cows spend less time eating than pregnant and lactation cows. The non-pregnant cows also less defecated (P <0.05) than the pregnant and lactating cows. It is concluded that raising of cows with restricted water providing shows that lactation cows have the most water intake, the longest eating time, and the frequency of eating the most frequency of defecation and urination.
Effect of blend of natural essential oils addition in the drinking water on productivity, carcass yield and meat quality of broiler
Authors: Agus A , Anas M A , Luthfiana R , Hidayat A A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Essential oils is known as feed additives to increase poultry production. They have antibacterial properties against parasites that effect the modulation of gut microflora and health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of essential oils blend from nine plant extracts on meat quality and carcass yield of broiler. The essential oils blend was given in the drinking water from day 10 to 35 (1 ml/liter). In total, 60 male day-old broiler chicks were randomly aloted in two treatments, six replicates and 5 birds per replicate. Supplementation of essential oils blend has no effect on the body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and slaughter weight. Birds supplemented with essential oils blend had significant effect in carcass yield (1652 vs 1490 g). The slaughter weight and carcass percentage showed no difference between treatments. Cooking loss (22.60 vs 16.14%), tenderness (5.40 vs 3.93%), and water holding capacity (33.27 vs 26.60 mg H2O) increased (p<0.05) when birds supplemented with essential oils blend compared with control. Moisture (77.74 vs 79.54%) and pH of carcass (6.20 vs 6.18) were not significantly different. Essential oils blend supplementation increased carcass yield, cooking loss, tenderness, and water holding capacity.
Physicochemical properties of honey produced by the Indonesian stingless bee: Tetragonula laeviceps
Authors: Agussalim  , Agus A , Nurliyani  , Umami N , Budisatria I G S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the physicochemical properties of honey produced by the Indonesian stingless bee: Tetragonula laeviceps. Sample of honey was obtained from three meliponiculture origins: Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Gunungkidul (Yogyakarta) and Klaten (Central Java) and analysed for physical (flavour) and chemical properties including water content, dry matter (DM), ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and organic matter. The electrical conductivity (EC) was determined by the equation of EC = 0.14 + 1.74 A (A = ash content). Data were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance followed by honestly significant difference test. The results showed that the flavour of honey from the Faculty of Animal Science UGM and Klaten were sweet and those from Gunungkidul were bitter. The results showed that the geographical origins had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on water content, protein, DM and carbohydrate. Furthermore, geographical origins had a significant difference (P<0.05) on ash, organic matter, and EC, but not on fat (P>0.05). There was great variability in the composition of honey across different geographical origins. Thus, the chemical properties of honey from the Faculty of Animal Science UGM and Klaten were higher than honey from Gunungkidul.
Response of Bali cattle compared to Bali crossed Angus on concentrate feeding
Authors: Putra B W , Noviandi C T , Rusman  , Widi T S M , Baliarti E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bali cattle is one of Indonesian native cattle that has potential as a premium beef. Unfortunately, they have a small frame size. Crossing with Angus breed is expected improve the growth, frame size, and meat quality but it needs better feed quality, for example by adding feed concentrate. Fourteen Bali crossed Angus and fourteen Bali cattle at 9-15-month-old were used in this research. Trial was conducted for 30 days in an individual cages. Diet was consisted of roughage (80%) and concentrate (20%) (dry matter based) and contained 11% crude protein (CP) and 56.2% total digestible nutrients (TDN). The concentrate composition was rice bran (55.31%) and copra cake (44.69%). Results showed that total dry matter intake of Bali cross Angus cattle (5.19 kg/head/day or 2.92% body weight) was higher than Bali cattle (3.39 kg or 2.83% body weight). Crude protein intake was no significant difference (0.26 kg vs. 0.26 kg), but TDN intake was lower (1.43 kg vs. 1.90 kg). Feed intake had a positive correlation with average daily gain (0,52 vs. 0.12 kg/head/day). Bali crossed Angus cattle was more adaptive concentrate feed introduction.
Nutrients intake and fiber fraction digestibility of Kacang goats supplemented with different proportions of soybean meal and Calliandra calothyrsus in the diet
Authors: Atmojo F A , Indarto E , Kustantinah  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated the use of Calliandra leaves (Calliandra calothyrsus) as a protein source in substituting soybean meal (SBM) in goat’s diet. Twenty female Kacang goats were used in the study.. Goats were randomly plotted into three diets treatments those were T1 = odot grass + 100% SBM; T2 = odot grass + 25% Calliandra + 75% SBM; T3 = odot grass + 50% Calliandra + 50% SBM; T4 = odot grass + 75% Calliandra + 25% SBM; and T5 = odot grass + 100% Calliandra. Grass was offerred ad libitum, whereas protein sources supplementation was based on daily protein requirements of animal. Data were collected at last 10 days of experiment, including feed intake, feed refusal, and feces. Sampels were analyzed for crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose contents. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, and furtherly analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Results showed that substituting of SBM with Calliandra did not have a significant effect (P>0.05) on the intakes of fiber fraction, but fiber digestibility was significantly affected (P<0.05) by treatment. The highest digestibilities of CF, NDF, and ADF were found in T1 and T2.
The effect of aerated storage system and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) addition on the quality of lactic acid bacteria fermented feed
Authors: Hardiansyah D , Bachruddin Z , Yusiati L M , Hanim C , Astuti A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study determined the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in preventing the rancidity process of concentrate feed based on lactic acids bacteria fermentation (CFLAB) in aerated aerobic storage conditions. The treatments were the addition of pure turmeric, extract turmeric, and vitamin E in feed with the level of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2%, with three replications. Aeration was done every morning and evening for 40 days. Rancidity observation was carried out after 40 days. The parameters observed were pH values, numbers of free fatty acids (FFA), and physical quality. The addition of antioxidant sources during aerated aerobic storage affected the FFA content. The addition of three sources and five levels of antioxidant sources maintain a pH value in the neutral range during storage. Based on the FFA analysis, the addition of turmeric and turmeric extract was suppressed increasing of FFA value better than control and vitamin E. This research concludes that the provision of antioxidant sources inhibit the increasing levels of FFA during storage. The results of the organoleptic test showed that the quality of CFLAB persisted quite well in all treatments with aerated aerobic on 40 days storage.
Determinants of household beef consumption in Indonesia: a binary logistic analysis
Authors: Muzayyanah M A U , Dewi N H U 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Consumption of high-value food such as beef tends to be responsive to the changes of price, income, and consumer’s characteristics. Household expenditure data were used in this study. Binary logistic regression model analysis was used to investigate the selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of consumer/household regarding beef consumption. Household size, working participation of wives, region, level of education, income, and price factors are influencing the household’s decision on beef consumption. This study reveals households in Indonesia sensitive to the change of beef price. Marginal effect value from binary logistic regression analysis showed that households tend to increase consuming beef varies from 0.5 to 1.6 times associated to socioeconomic factors of the households. Furthermore, potential increasing of beef consumption require availability of its foods by enhancing its production. Price intervention should be introduced in order to stabilize the fluctuation in beef prices
In vitro digestibility of ruminant diet in response to protected feed substitution
Authors: Wulandari  , Widyobroto B P , Noviandi C T , Agus A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Excessive degradation high protein feed in the rumen can reduce nutrient utilization efficiency of feed in post rumen. Protected feed is expected to increase the undegraded proteins that enter and absorbed in the intestine. In vitro study was conducted to determine whether the protected feed can reduce rumen degradability as well as improving post-rumen degradability of feed. The protected feed used in this study was soybean meal and crude palm oil mixture (4: 1), added with 0.3% Agromix. Independent sample t-test was used to compare 2 treatments (T1/control = commercial ration; T2 = commercial ration with 4.4% protected feed substitution). Each dietary treatment was done in 6 replications. Both dietary treatments were tested for their digestibility using a 2-stage in vitro technique. Results showed that pH of rumen did not change. Compared to the T1, T2 showed lower (P<0.05) digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), and crude protein (CPD) in the rumen. In the post rumen, T2 showed greater (P<0.05) DMD, OMD and CPD than T1. It concluded that protected feed substitution effectively decreases digestibility in the rumen and increases post-rumen digestibility, imply that protected feed substitution can improve the nutrient utilization in the post rumen.
Effect of different types of acid solvent on functional and microbiological properties of chicken leg skin gelatin
Authors: Sompie M , Siswosubroto S E , Rembet G D , Ponto J W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Gelatin is a denaturalized protein that is derived from collagen by acidic or alkaline hydrolysis and is an important functional biopolymer that has a very broad application in many industrial fields. This study was aimed to determine the effect of different types of acid solvent on functional and microbiological properties of chicken leg gelatin. This experiment used Completely Randomized Design 2x3 factorial pattern. The first factor is two types of curing acid (HCL and CH3COOH), the second factor is curing concentration (1%, 3% and 5%) with three replications. This research materials used chicken leg. The variable studies were yield, gel strength, viscosity and total bacteria of gelatin. The results showed that the difference solvent and concentrations had no significant effect (P>0.01) to the functional and microbiological properties of chicken leg skin gelatin. It was concluded that chicken leg that were processed using 1%, 3% and 5% acetic acid (CH3COOH) solvent produces the optimal functional properties of gelatin and can be applied to food products.
Efficacy of rice husks compost and Trichoderma harzianum on Rhizoctonia solani and its effect on seeds germination and seedling health
Authors: Al-Sharmani Hisham R. , Al-Kalabi Haidar H. , AL-Abedy Aqeel N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to isolate and identify Trichoderma harzianum Rifai and Rhizoctonia solani by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique with the presence of the ITS1 and ITS4 primer pair. The study was also carried out to investigate the efficacy of rice husk compost fortified with the bio-control agent, T. harzianum for the resistance of wheat seeds to the pathogenic fungus, R. solani, and to evaluate the effect of the compost on wheat germination and seedling, and irrigation water usage. The results showed that the highest germination rate which was found to be 100% was achieved with the T.h.+S treatment while the lowest germination was 93.3% with both the T.h.+RHC+S and R.s.+RHC+S treatments compared to germination of 96.6% with the control treatment. The RHC+S treatment resulted in the highest percentage of rotting seeds which was 10% while the lowest percentage of rotting seeds which reached 0% was achieved with the T.h.+S treatment. The results also showed that with R.s.+RHC+S and T.h.+RHC+S treatments, the highest shoot length at 21 post-planting days was achieved which was found to be 1.3 cm and 1.2 cm, respectively compared to other treatments including the control. Regarding fresh and dry weights, treatments with RHC had significantly much higher fresh and dry weights than all other treatments. It was clear from the experimental results that the highest number of branches/plant was recorded in the treatment of T.h.+RHC+S that was 5.3 followed by RHC+S treatment with 4.6 while the lowest number of branches/plant was recorded in the control treatment which was only 1.8. Amount of water used for irrigation in treatments of T.h.+RHC+S and R.s.+RHC+S was reduced to be 233.33 compared to 600.00 in the control treatments. The highest chlorophyll content was 2.4 and was recorded in the treatment of R.s.+RHC+S with a significant difference from all other treatments. The T.h.+S treatment gave the lowest chlorophyll content. In fact, treatments that incorporated RHC had always higher values of plant total chlorophyll contents. Earliest flowering was achieved with the RHC+S treatment while the R.s.+S treatment resulted in the latest flowering.