bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated reporting of environmental, social, and governance and financial data: Does the market value integrated reports?
Authors: Landau Alexander , Rochell Janina , Klein Christian , Zwergel Bernhard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe concept of reporting nonfinancial information within the annual report, so‐called Integrated Reporting (IR) is a rising topic in reporting practice. Supporters claim that IR provides a better view regarding the value creation of a firm.This study investigates the value relevance of IR and the influence of certain characteristics such as assurance. Thus, this paper contributes to the existing literature by examining the actual advantages for firms when adopting an IR approach.The Ohlson model is applied for the market valuation of 50 companies of the STOXX Europe 50 between the years 2010 and 2016. The results of this study support the cost‐concerned school by showing a negative influence on the market value. Nonetheless, the study suggests that the quality of the reports is relevant for market valuation, as the negative effect is mitigated by the quality of the reports.
Marshaling administrative data to study the prevalence of mental illness in assault on law enforcement cases
Authors: Agee Elisha R. , Zelle Heather , Kelley Sharon , Moore Steven J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA substantial body of literature has investigated many issues surrounding police encounters with persons with mental illness. This paper focuses on a specific type of encounter – individuals with mental illness charged with assaulting officers because of their behavior during a psychiatric crisis – and uses administrative data to examine its prevalence in one state. Results suggest that individuals with mental health histories comprise a small but meaningful percentage (c. 9%) of assault on law enforcement charges, and c. 10% of these charges have an offense date within 14 days of an emergency mental health custody order, increasing the likelihood that psychiatric symptoms influenced their behavior at the time of the offense. Further results describe different categories of relevant charges, charge classifications, final dispositions, and sentences. Results are discussed in the context of outcomes for persons with mental illness and law enforcement as well as the role and limitations of forensic mental health assessment in these cases. The paper concludes with a call for similar data collection across jurisdictions.
The effect of high glucose on the biological characteristics of nucleus pulposus‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Yan , Nan Li‐ping , Wang Feng , Zhou Shi‐feng , Wang Jing‐cheng , Feng Xin‐min , Zhang Liang 
Published: January 2020

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a dependent risk factor in the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). High glucose supply has negative effects on nucleus pulpous (NP) cell and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology. However, the effect of hyperglycaemia on the biological characterization of nucleus pulpous‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (NPMSC) has not been investigated previously. Therefore, further exploration of the effects of DM‐associated hyperglycaemia on NPMSC biology is important to better understand and develop endogenous repair strategies of DM patient‐associated IVDD. Therefore, the cell biological characteristics were compared between NPMSC cultured in media with low glucose concentration (LG‐NPMSC) and high glucose concentration (HG‐NPMSC). The results demonstrated that HG‐NPMSC showed significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and wound‐healing capability compared with those of LG‐NPMSC. HG‐NPMSC also showed significantly decreased expressions of stemness genes and mRNA and protein expressions of silent information regulator protein 1 (SIRT1), SIRT6, hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT‐1), whereas increased cell apoptosis, cell senescence and caspase‐3 expression. These results suggest that high glucose may decrease proliferation and stemness maintenance ability and increase apoptosis and senescence of NPMSC.Significance of the studyWe found that high glucose concentration significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and wound‐healing capability of nucleus pulposus‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, high glucose cultured nucleus pulposus‐derived mesenchymal stem cells showed significantly decreased expression of stemness genes, related mRNA and protein, whereas increased cell apoptosis, cell senescence and expression of caspase‐3. The present study indicated that better control of high concentration glucose in the early stage of diabetes mellitus should be recommended to prevent or limit intervertebral disc degeneration.
Tailor‐Designed Porous Catalysts: Nickel‐Doped Cu/Cu2O Foams for Efficient Glycerol Electro‐Oxidation
Authors: Rizk Mohamed R. , Abd El‐Moghny Muhammad G. , El‐Nagar Gumaa A. , Mazhar Amina A. , El‐Deab Mohamed S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, Cu/Cu2O foams with dendritic‐like structures were electrodeposited atop a smooth Cu electrode by using a dynamic hydrogen bubbles technique, and they were used as efficient electrocatalysts for glycerol electrooxidation. The morphology, structure, and composition of the as‐prepared Cu/Cu2O foams were tuned by using additives (e. g. KCl and NiCl2) in the copper deposition bath to maximize their electrocatalytic performance towards glycerol electrooxidation. The as‐synthesized Cu/Cu2O foams showed superior electrocatalytic activity towards the glycerol oxidation reaction, as demonstrated by the significant negative shift in the onset potential (ca. 400 mV) together with an oxidation current that is up to six times higher, compared to the Cu/Cu2O non‐porous film with the same loading. The performance of these foams was further improved by introducing optimum amounts of either Ni2+ and/or Cl− ions. These additives resulted in a significant change in the structure and shape of the electrodeposited Cu/Cu2O textures with a concurrent increase in their roughness. Material and electrochemical characterization (e. g. SEM, XRD, XPS, LSV and CV) techniques were used to link the observed enhancements to the morphology, composition, and structure of the as‐synthesized Cu/Cu2O foam materials.
Comparison of sensory evaluation techniques for Hungarian wines
Authors: Guld Zsuzsanna , Nyitrainé Sárdy Diána , Gere Attila , Rácz Anita 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare different Hungarian Kadarka, Kékfrankos, and Cabernet franc wines produced and aged by the same methods and to compare two types of sensory analysis methods as well: the 100‐point OIV system and quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). Both tests were conducted by 12 assessors of the University of Pécs, Institute for Regional Development, Faculty of Horticulture and Oenology. This study provides conclusions about the use of sensory analysis methods, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of QDA and the OIV system. Principal component analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple factor analysis, and partial least squares dicriminant analysis were used for the evaluation of the data. Our results showed that the sensory panel was able to discriminate the samples by both sensory methods; however, the information provided by them was significantly different. ANOVA clearly showed that the two methods have different sensitivity when comparing wines (commercial and produced wine samples) and QDA proved to be the more sensitive, as well as more detailed, method. Partial least squares discriminant analysis augmented the findings in the classification part of the different type of wine samples. In general, OIV is able to show the general quality of the wines, while QDA coupled with proper chemometric methods is able to describe why the given samples received good or bad OIV scores.
Hantzsch Ester as a Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalyst for Transition‐Metal‐Free Coupling of Arylhalides and Arylsulfinates
Authors: Zhu Da‐Liang , Wu Qi , Li Hai‐Yan , Li Hong‐Xi , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiethyl 2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate (HEH) has been utilized as a visible‐light photoredox catalyst for the cross coupling of arylhalides and arylsulfinates without transition metal, sacrificial agent, and mediator. This method is compatible with various functional groups and provides diaryl sulfones in good to high yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that this reaction undergoes the stepwise light irradiation of HE−, single electron transfer (SET) in donor–acceptor complex (DAC) from *HE− to arylhalide, trapping of aryl radical with sulfinate, and SET oxidation of sulfone radical anion by HE. to sulfone by the DAC method.
Synthesis and Liver Microsomal Metabolic Stability Studies of a Fluorine‐Substituted δ‐Tocotrienol Derivative
Authors: Liu Xingui , Poddar Saikat , Song Lin , Hendrickson Howard , Zhang Xuan , Yuan Yaxia , Zhou Daohong , Zheng Guangrong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA fluoro‐substituted δ‐tocotrienol derivative, DT3‐F2, was synthesized. This compound was designed to stabilize the metabolically labile terminal methyl groups of δ‐tocotrienol by replacing one C−H bond on each of the two methyl groups with a C−F bond. However, in vitro metabolic stability studies using mouse liver microsomes revealed an unexpected rapid enzymatic C−F bond hydrolysis of DT3‐F2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an unusual metabolic hydrolysis of allylic C−F bonds.
Conductive ITO Interfaces for Optoelectronic Applications Based on Highly Ordered Inverse Opal Thin Films
Authors: Galle Lydia , Ehrling Sebastian , Lochmann Stefanie , Kaskel Stefan , Bischoff Lothar , Grothe Julia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA three‐step fabrication process for optically transparent, conducting ITO thin films with an intrinsic inverse opal structure is described. The preparation is based on colloidal crystal templating using polystyrene microspheres (100 nm–600 nm). For the realization of varying periodicities in this structure, different sphere sizes were assembled to monolayers on a substrate by spin coating and infiltrated afterwards similarly. The influence of rotation parameters as well as dispersion concentration was studied. Using this approach different geometries of the surface are accessible by systematically varying the rotation parameters and infiltration volume. The thin films show excellent anti‐reflection behavior, good transmission (>80% in the visible range) as well as a low resistance of 200 Ω/sq compared to other porous ITO interfaces. The properties are very promising for several optoelectronic applications such as in‐ or out‐coupling structures in solar cells and organic light emitting diodes.
Trusted systems of records based on Blockchain technology ‐ a prototype for mileage storing in the automotive industry
Authors: Preikschat Katarina , Böhmecke‐Schwafert Moritz , Buchwald Jan‐Paul , Stickel Carolin 
Published: January 2020

SummaryBlockchain technology has the potential to bring transparency and trust to a multitude of use cases. Our research demonstrates that the technology can reduce asymmetric information in markets by bridging trust gaps. The combination of blockchain and Internet of Things technology that automatically collects sensor data, provides a feasible, decentralized technological solution for such an inefficient “Market of Lemons” coined by nobel laureate Georg Akerlof. In this paper, we develop a system prototype to reduce mileage fraud on the used car markets. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of a trusted system of records for (vehicle) data such as mileage data using a distributed database based on the public Ethereum network and smart contracts. We have identified eight requirements that are fulfilled by the prototype and the functional logic and design of thesolution can be reproduced to any other application area characterized by a lack of trust between actors or by the absence of a trusted central authority. However, the developed prototype suffers from similar limitations and challenges as the technology itself. Low throughput causes limitations in scalability and transaction costs are unpredictable. Further development of the blockchain technology and considering more cost‐efficient consensus mechanisms will address these issues.
Impact of sorghum racial structure and diversity on genomic prediction of grain yield components
Authors: Sapkota Sirjan , Boyles Richard , Cooper Elizabeth , Brenton Zachary , Myers Matthew , Kresovich Stephen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPopulation structure is an important factor that affects the accuracy of estimated breeding values in genomic prediction. Natural sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] populations exhibit population structure resulting from genetic and morphological differentiation due to evolutionary divergence. To study the impact of sorghum racial structure and diversity in genomic prediction, we conducted two cross‐validation (CV) experiments: CV1, proportional sampling from races; and CV2, sampling from across race (AR) or within race (WR). A diversity panel with 389 individuals with 224,007 single nucleotide polymorphisms was used for genomic prediction. Genomic heritabilities for traits were positively correlated (0.63) with their mean prediction accuracy (r) from CV1, and within‐subpopulation variance accounted for ∼80% of total genetic variance. The CV1 prediction accuracy ranged from 0.52–0.69, but r declined by 39 and 54% on average for WR and AR methods, respectively. As a predictor, race explained 30–50% of covariance for grain and panicle traits, but race was a bad predictor of plant height, as expected. Grain weight was consistently the best predicted trait across CV1 and CV2 methods except in AR. Difference in average r for WR and AR was greater in durra and caudatum, small in kafir, and nonexistent in guinea and mixed subgroups. We observed higher prevalence of minor alleles among guinea and mixed subgroups, highlighting contribution of allelic diversity towards prediction accuracy. Genomic prediction in sorghum will benefit from utilization of interracial diversity, and we emphasize the need for further investigations into the role of racial structure in genomic prediction.
Treatment of modifiable risk factors for foot ulceration in persons with diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: van Netten Jaap J. , Sacco Isabel C.N. , Lavery Lawrence A. , Monteiro‐Soares Matilde , Rasmussen Anne , Raspovic Anita , Bus Sicco A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevention of diabetic foot ulcers is important. Preventative treatment mostly targets and aims to improve modifiable risk factors of foot ulceration. While effectiveness of interventions in ulcer prevention has been systematically reviewed, their effectiveness in improving modifiable risk factors is unknown.MethodsThe available medical scientific literature in PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, and the Cochrane database was searched for original research studies on six interventions to treat modifiable risk factors for diabetic foot ulceration (ie, education for patients; education for professionals; self‐management; pre‐ulcer treatment; orthotic interventions; and foot‐ and mobility‐related exercises). We assessed interventions for eight outcomes (ie, patients' knowledge; treatment adherence; professionals' knowledge; pre‐ulcers; mechanical stress; neuropathy symptoms; foot/ankle joint mobility; and foot function). Both controlled and noncontrolled studies were selected. Data from controlled studies were assessed for methodological quality by two independent reviewers and extracted and presented in evidence and risk of bias tables.ResultsWe included 72 publications (26 with a controlled study design and 46 noncontrolled). We found that structured education may improve foot self‐care behaviour of patients, yearly foot examinations, and foot disease knowledge of health care professionals. Callus removal reduces peak plantar pressure. Custom‐made therapeutic footwear can be effective in reducing plantar pressure and may reduce callus. Foot‐ and mobility‐related exercises may improve neuropathy symptoms and foot and ankle joint range of motion, while they do not seem to reduce peak plantar pressure; evidence for their effect on foot strength is conflicting.ConclusionsStructured education for patients and health care professionals, callus removal, custom‐made therapeutic footwear, and foot‐ and mobility‐related exercises may be beneficial for improving modifiable risk factors for foot ulceration. However, we generally found low quality of evidence for interventions targeting modifiable risk factors for ulceration in persons with diabetes, with frequently inconsistent or limited results available per intervention and outcome.
Long‐term survival probability, not current habitat quality, predicts dispersal distance in a stream salamander
Authors: Addis Brett R. , Lowe Winsor H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDispersal evolves as an adaptive mechanism to optimize individual fitness across the landscape. Specifically, dispersal represents a mechanism to escape fitness costs resulting from changes in environmental conditions. Decades of empirical work suggest that individuals use local habitat cues to make movement decisions, but theory predicts that dispersal can also evolve as a fixed trait, independent of local conditions, in environments characterized by a history of stochastic spatiotemporal variation. Until now, however, both conditional and fixed models of dispersal evolution have primarily been evaluated using emigration data (stay vs. leave), and not dispersal distances: a more comprehensive measure of dispersal. Our goal was to test whether conditional or fixed models of dispersal evolution predict variation in dispersal distance in the stream salamanderGyrinophilus porphyriticus.We quantified variation in habitat conditions using measures of salamander performance from 4 yr of spatially explicit, capture–mark–recapture (CMR) data across three headwater streams in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in central New Hampshire, USA. We used body condition as an index of local habitat quality that individuals may use to make dispersal decisions, and survival probability estimated from multistate CMR models as an index of mortality risk resulting from the long‐term history of environmental variation. We found that dispersal distances increased with declining survival probability, indicating that salamanders disperse further in risky environments. Dispersal distances were unrelated to spatial variation in body condition, suggesting that salamanders do not base dispersal distance decisions on local habitat quality. Our study provides the first empirical support for fixed models of dispersal evolution, which predict that dispersal evolves in response to a history of spatiotemporal environmental variation, rather than as a conditional response to current habitat conditions. More broadly, this study underscores the value of assessing alternative scales of environmental variation to gain a more complete and balanced understanding of dispersal evolution.
Disturbance legacies increase and synchronize nutrient concentrations and bacterial productivity in coastal ecosystems
Authors: Kominoski John S. , Gaiser Evelyn E. , Castañeda‐Moya Edward , Davis Stephen E. , Dessu Shimelis B. , Julian Paul , Lee Dong Yoon , Marazzi Luca , Rivera‐Monroy Victor H. , Sola Andres , Stingl Ulrich , Stumpf Sandro , Surratt Donatto , Travieso Rafael , Troxler Tiffany G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLong‐term ecological research can resolve effects of disturbance on ecosystem dynamics by capturing the scale of disturbance and interactions with environmental changes. To quantify how disturbances interact with long‐term directional changes (sea‐level rise, freshwater restoration), we studied 17 yr of monthly dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and phosphorus (TP) concentrations and bacterioplankton productivity across freshwater‐to‐marine estuary gradients exposed to multiple disturbance events (e.g., droughts, fire, hurricanes, and low‐temperature anomalies) and long‐term increases in water levels. By studying two neighboring drainages that differ in hydrologic connectivity, we additionally tested how disturbance legacies are shaped by hydrologic connectivity. We predicted that disturbance events would interact with long‐term increases in water levels in freshwater and marine ecosystems to increase spatiotemporal similarity (i.e., synchrony) of organic matter, nutrients, and microbial activities. Wetlands along the larger, deeper, and tidally influenced Shark River Slough (SRS) drainage had higher and more variable DOC, TN, and TP concentrations than wetlands along the smaller, shallower, tidally restricted Taylor River Slough/Panhandle (TS/Ph) drainage. Along SRS, DOC concentrations declined with proximity to coast, and increased in magnitude and variability following drought and flooding in 2015 and a hurricane in 2017. Along TS/Ph, DOC concentrations varied by site (higher in marine than freshwater wetlands) but not year. In both drainages, increases in TN from upstream freshwater marshes occurred following fire in 2008 and droughts in 2010 and 2015, whereas downstream increases in TP occurred with coastal storm surge from hurricanes in 2005 and 2017. Decreases in DOC:TN and DOC:TP were explained by increased TN and TP. Increases in bacterioplankton productivity occurred throughout both drainages following low‐temperature events (2010 and 2011) and a hurricane (2017). Long‐term TN and TP concentrations and bacterioplankton productivity were correlated (r > 0.5) across a range of sampling distances (1–50 km), indicating spatiotemporal synchrony. DOC concentrations were not synchronized across space or time. Our study advances disturbance ecology theory by illustrating how disturbance events interact with long‐term environmental changes and hydrologic connectivity to determine the magnitude and extent of disturbance legacies. Understanding disturbance legacies will enhance prediction and enable more effective management of rapidly changing ecosystems.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Coated with Diazonium‐derived Porphyrin/Metalloporphyrin Films
Authors: Kudas Zuleyha , Atmaca Ufuk , Saruhan Tuba , Celik Murat , Ekinci Duygu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, the influence of the film structure was investigated on the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction at GC electrodes covered with porphyrin and metalloporphyrin rings via the diazonium modification method. For that purpose, primarily, tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) films on GC electrode surfaces were prepared by electroreduction of in situ generated diazonium salts of 5‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin (APP) and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP) molecules. Next, the formation of metalloporphyrin films on the modified surfaces was accomplished through the complexation reactions of surface porphyrin rings with metal ions in the salt solutions containing Mn(II), Fe(III) and Co(II) ions. The resulting porphyrin and metalloporphyrin layers were identified with XPS and ICP‐MS. The electrochemical barrier properties of the films on GC surfaces were examined by cyclic voltammetry in K3Fe(CN)6 aqueous solution. The electrocatalytic abilities of the resulting films were also investigated for the oxygen electrochemical reduction by employing cyclic voltammetry in PBS solutions saturated with oxygen. The results showed that the oxygen reduction potentials on modified GC electrodes were shifted to less negative potentials compared to that of bare GC electrode. Also, it was obtained that the oxygen reduction reaction was more effective on the GC electrodes modified with TPP rings by using TAPP molecules than those prepared by using APP molecules.