bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new genus and species of Sternaspidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the deep eastern Atlantic
Authors: Fiege Dieter , Barnich Ruth 
Published: August 2020

Based on specimens recently collected in sediments from 2700 m depth off Mauritania (Northwest Africa; type locality) and from 2700–4400 m depth off Angola (Southwest Africa), a new genus and species, Mauretanaspis longichaeta gen. et spec. nov., is described. The new genus and species are characterized by a unique combination of characters: ventro-caudal shield covered by firmly adhering sediment, lateral margins strongly bent and merging into integument; introvert hooks tapering; eight pre-shield segments; absence of peg chaetae; exceptionally long posteriormost lateral chaetae equaling body length; posterior shield chaetae equaling shield length. A comparative table of characters for all currently recognised sternaspid genera and a key to all species with ventro-caudal shield covered by firmly adhering sediment are provided.
Estereotipos de género en la infancia
Authors: GONZÁLEZ BAREA EVA MARÍA , Rodríguez Marín YOLANDA 
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se analizan los estereotipos, en torno al género, existentes entre el alumnado de Educación Infantil de diferentes centros educativos de la Región de Murcia (España). Para ello, se han analizado los gustos y preferencias del alumnado desde la perspectiva de género, se ha identificado el uso de espacios y materiales escolares desde la óptica del género, así como examinado las interacciones y relaciones socioeducativas entre niños y niñas en el contexto escolar.
Mediante una metodología mixta se ha utilizado el cuestionario y la observación como instrumento escolar y método de recogida de datos. La muestra total de este estudio ha estado constituida por 175 niños y niñas pertenecientes a diferentes centros educativos de la Región de Murcia.
Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que tanto las niñas como los niños de cinco años de edad –de la muestra- poseen varios de los tipificados estereotipos asignados a cada sexo: juegan y, además, desean jugar, con juguetes diferentes según cual sea su sexo; utilizan, en el aula, espacios diferentes, así, mientras que ellas prefieren jugar en el rincón simbólico, ellos lo hacen en el rincón de las construcciones.
Por tanto, se evidencia que el patriarcado sigue estando latente en las pequeñas cosas, en la diferenciación de actividades, el lenguaje, la realización de las tareas del hogar, en juegos y juguetes…, que unidas provocan la perpetuación de un estereotipo sexista que condiciona nuestras vidas desde que nacemos. Por otro lado, se afirma que los centros educativos se convierten en uno de los ámbitos más relevantes pues actúa tanto de reproductor de conductas como de regulador de las mismas. Además, hacer visible esta situación desde la infancia, permite inculcar en las niñas y en los niños unos valores tolerantes, igualitarios y democráticos que rechacen diferenciar a las personas por el hecho de ser de un sexo o de otro.
Osteopathic Considerations for the Pregnant Patient With COVID-19
Authors: Gray Kendra M. , Murphy Lauren , Buckner Brian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn any given year, approximately 130 million babies are born worldwide. Previous research has shown that pregnant women may be more severely affected and vulnerable to contracting emerging infections, making them a particularly high-risk population. Therefore, special considerations should be given to treatment methods for pregnant women with COVID-19. In this narrative review, the authors evaluate scholarly journal articles and electronic databases to determine what is known about the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in pregnancy and the associated mortality rate. Osteopathic manipulative treatment techniques to mitigate the underlying pathology were identified, and modifications for use in pregnancy and the critical care setting are described.
Perceived Constraints to Effective Clinical Assessment of Nursing Students Competencies among Nursing Students and Educators in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ike Edith Chinonyelum , Oseni Omotola Margaret , Onwochei Detu Adesuwa , Esievo Njideka Judith 
Published: August 2020

Aim: This study investigated the perception of nursing students and educators on the constraints to effective clinical assessment of nursing students’ competencies and probed possible solutions to the identified constraints in Lagos, southwest Nigeria.
Methods: In this cross sectional study, 175 nursing students, and 49 nurse educators from five randomly selected nursing schools participated. The study adopted a triangulation approach of quantitative and qualitative method for data collection and analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized to collect quantitative data from the nursing students and nurse educators and a response return rate of 163(93%) and 46(94%) were recorded respectively from both groups. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was employed for qualitative data among 12 nursing students and 11 nurse educators in two nursing schools. Data was analyzed and relative importance index (RII) and its ranking (R) was utilized to establish the relative importance of the various constraints identified as responsible for effective clinical assessment of competencies.
Results: The result revealed as major constraints from the students; lack of confidence by the students in carrying out procedures in clinical setting and lack of materials and instruments for clinical practice with equal ranking (RII=0.78; R=1.5), similarly, the educators rated; Lack of confidence by the students in carrying out procedures in clinical setting (RII=0.74; R=1.0) as a key constraint. The Mann Whitney U test showed no statistical significant differences to the perception of the constraining factors and probable solutions by both groups (p>0.05)
FGD revealed; lack of clear objectives for each clinical posting, as both students and clinical assessors do not have clear idea of what competencies they are to acquire and assess as a major constraint.
Conclusion: The researchers recommend that clinical placement objectives should be set and communicated to the students, educators and assessors to direct nursing students’ clinical practice and evaluation and assessment formats developed in line with specific skills to be evaluated.
Toxic Effects of Pesticides on Humans, Plants, Animals, Pollinators and Beneficial Organisms
Authors: Hashimi Mohammad Hanif , Hashimi Rahmatullah , Ryan Qasimullah 
Published: August 2020

Pesticides are a hidden threat to humans, animals, insects, as well as to all ecosystems. They control pests and play an important role in crop productivity and prevent vector borne-diseases in humans, but they also extremely pollute our surroundings. These toxic substances are found in soil, water, air, plants, food and feed. Their residues enter plants and animal products and accumulate in humans and animals by the food chain. They endanger our lives and put down our health, as well as demolish beneficial organisms in the environment. This paper expresses a piece of information that has been obtained from reviewing academic papers, books and other sources. People take these toxic chemicals from water, air, and agricultural products, as well as their surroundings. They are stored in humans and animals’ tissues or excreted by different routes, but their adverse effects have no end. Brain, kidneys, skin, gastrointestinal, liver, lungs, spleen and every organ of humans are suppressed by them. They cause various diseases, cancers, mutations, as well as lead to death. These chemicals destroy honeybees’ colonies and decrease pollinator’s populations. Additionally, birds, wildlife and soil organisms are extremely suppressed by the heavy application of pesticides. They damage human beings, animals, pollinators, honeybees, and soil microorganisms. Increasing the application of pesticides decreases the population of pollinators, honeybees, and other beneficial organisms, as well as impacts human health. If these living organisms are diminished, our lives are threatened by food shortage, a collapsed economy, and increased food and feed demand, therefore new crises including famine and diseases put down our prosperity. All pesticides should be used cautiously and need to develop a new type of pesticides that do not harm seriously our environment.
The National Democratic Congress (NDC) and Human Rights Promotion in the Fourth Republic of Ghana
Authors: Belley Harrison Kofi 
Published: August 2020

Human rights are a justified entitlement that any person may claim because of being human and that right to be socially guaranteed. Ensuring human rights requires that institutions are committed to their promotion and enforcement. It is against this backdrop with respect to the human rights record of Ghana especially under her Fourth Republic that this work is motivated to assess the promotion and protection of human rights under the National Democratic Congress (NDC) regime from 2009 to 2017. The work seeks to examine the political environment that the NDC created during its eight years of administration to ensure the enjoyment of fundamental human rights, with focus on how it strengthened constitutional human right institutions like the Commission of Human Rights and Administrative Justice (CHRAJ) and the Media. This work is qualitative and uses primary and secondary sources of data to gather the information. The findings of this work reveal and confirm that human rights was the premise of Ghana`s transition to democratic rule since 1993 with the promulgation of the Fourth Republican Constitution which makes provision for the enjoyment of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The study recommends that the promotion and protection of human rights should be a matter of a collective responsibility.
Reproductive Biology of Marine Catfish, Arius latiscutatus (Günther, 1864) and Arius gigas (Boulenger, 1911) from the Bays of Guinea
Authors: Koivogui Pierre , Konan Yao Aristide , Coulibaly Bakari , Kouamelan Essetchi Paul , Koné Tidiani 
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives: Marine catfish are abundant in the bays of Tabounsou and Sangareah in Republic of Guinea, but the knowledge on their biology is still scanty. The reproductive biology of Arius latiscutatus Günther, 1864 and A. gigas Boulenger, 1911 was studied through monthly sampling, from January to December 2016.
Methodology: Fish were caught using gill nets in several sampling sites. Five gonadal stages were described, based on macroscopic observation of gonad form, size, weight, color and oocyte diameter.
Results: The population was dominated by males (61%) in A. latiscutatus and females (53%) in A. gigas, showing a sex-ratio of 1:1.54 (Chi-square, P < 0.05) and 1:0.88 (P > 0.05), respectively. The length-weight relationship was a positive allometry for A. latiscutatus and A. gigas, and males (35.37 and 35.47 cm, respectively) reached first maturity earlier than females (39.7 and 40.8 cm, respectively). Changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and in stages of gonadal development showed that A. latiscutatus spawned between April and October, while A. gigas spawned in May to November. The peak of condition factor was observed in June (0.68±0.05) and July (0.55±0.04) in females of A. latiscutatus and A. gigas, respectively.
Conclusion: Both species, having only one annual breeding season, A. latiscutatus spawns earlier than A. gigas. Coastal fisheries should be restricted in cold season to preserve the ability of broodstock renewal for these species.
The Effect of Temperature on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Two Invasive Plants in Rorippa
Authors: Wang Qiuli , Qu Bo , Mi Juanjuan , Xu Yufeng , Shao Meini 
Published: August 2020

Aims: By studying the response of seed germination and seedling growth of invasive plants, Rorippa amphibia and Rorippa sylvestris, to temperature, the influence of temperature on the invasive ability of two species of Rorippa were further analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for revealing the diffusion and invasion mechanism of two invasive plants in Rorippa.
Study Design: Seed germination and seedling growth test of two invasive plants in Rorippa at different temperature was studied by means of laboratory culture. The germination percentage, germination index, germination potential of the seeds and the total leaf number, root length, lateral root number, biomass and root shoot ratio of seedlings were determined.
Place and Duration of Study: Seeds were collected from the Shenyang Agricultural University of Liaoning Province in July 2018. Experiments were done in the College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, and conducted in April 2019 for a month.
Methodology: The petri dish method was used at the experiment of seed germination. The seedling growth experiment was carried out by pot sowing.
Results: At the seedling stage.R. amphibia has the strongest tolerance at 30°C, while the R. sylvestris does at 35°C. The low temperature is more beneficial to the accumulations of the seedlings, R. amphibia is the most tolerant at 25°C, and R. sylvestris is at 30°C at the seedling stage.
Conclusion: The response of the seeds and seedlings of the two species to temperature was basically the same. Higher temperature promoted seed germination and inhibited seedling growth, while lower temperature inhibited seed germination. The response of seeds and seedlings of R. sylvestris to high temperature makes it more invasive in the process of global warming.
Proximate Composition, Sensory Properties and Microbial Quality of Chin-chin Developed from Wheat and African Walnut Flour Blends for Household Food Security
Authors: Deedam N. J. , China M. A. , Wachukwu H. I. 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the proximate composition, sensory properties and microbial quality of chin-chin developed from wheat and African walnut flour blends as a means of achieving household food security.
Methodology: African walnut was processed into flour. Chin-chin was prepared from blends of wheat and African walnut flours using 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 of wheat flour to African walnut flour (AWF), and 100% wheat flour as control. Samples were subjected to sensory evaluation within 30 min of production. Proximate analysis was carried out using standard methods. The samples were also stored for 3 weeks and evaluated at weekly intervals for total bacterial and fungal counts.
Results: composition of the chin-chin revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in ash (0.42-1.38%), fat (34.39-40.03%), crude protein (5.53-7.95% protein), crude fibre (0.98-1.86%), and energy contents (402.65-414.08kcal) with a decrease in moisture (3.31-4.85%) and carbohydrate (45.59-53.84%) . Sensory analysis of the chin-chin showed that the control chin-chin was more preferred than all other samples. This was followed closely by chin-chin substituted with 10% African walnut flour having mean scores above 6 for all sensory attributes. Total bacterial counts (TBCs) and fungal counts (TFCs) of the chin-chin samples were observed to increase during storage. TBCs and TFCs of chin-chin samples after 3 weeks of storage ranged from 6.00×103-8.50×103cfu/g and 6.80×103-8.00×103cfu/g, respectively. The samples presented adequate microbiological conditions and were within recommended safe limit of microbial guidelines.
Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that chin-chin of acceptable sensory attributes and improved nutritional content could be produced with up to 10% African walnut flour (AWF) level. In effect, chin-chin substituted with African walnut flour can be consumed by households thereby improving their nutritional status and eradicating food insecurity and malnutrition which is common among households.
Risk Assessment of Other Substances in Food Supplements - L-methionine
Authors: Strand Tor A. , Frøyland Livar , Haugen Margaretha , Henjum Sigrun , Holvik Kristin , Løvik Martinus , Skålhegg Bjørn Steen , Stea Tonje Holte , Tell Grethe S. , Iversen Per Ole 
Published: August 2020

"Other substances" are described in the food supplement directive 2002/46/EC as substances other than vitamins or minerals that have a nutritional and/or physiological effect, and may be added to food supplements or e.g. energy drinks. In the series of risk assessments of "other substances" the VKM has not evaluated any claimed beneficial effects from these substances, but merely possible adverse effects at specified doses used in Norway.
This statement regards the substance L-methionine per se, and no specific products.
According to information from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA), L-methionine is an ingredient in food supplements sold in Norway. NFSA has requested a risk assessment of the intake of 200, 300, 500, 600 and 700 mg L-methionine per day from food supplements. The total L-methionine exposure from other sources than food supplements is not included in the risk assessment.
This statement is based on a previous risk assessment from VKM of L-methionine, as well as scientific papers retrieved from a systematic search in literature published from 2012 up till 19 February 2016. The literature search aimed at retrieving human studies on adverse effects caused by L-methionine.
VKM concludes that:
VKM maintains the guidance level from 2013 at 210 mg methione per day.
Socio-demographic, Economic and Health Profile of Diabetic Patients Attending Some Primary Care Units in the City of Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Aladin Ombeni Mahano , Rachel Ziruka Ntaboba , Florentin Asima Katumbi , Brigitte Akonkwa Byamungu , Béatrice Salama Matumaini , Patient Birindwa Mulashe , Jean Ahana Bagendabanga , Viviane Feza Bianga , Félicien Mushagalusa Kasali 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Diabetes is a serious health problem; its prevalence is increasing in developing countries. This study aims to describe the socio-demographic, economic and health profile of diabetics attending the primary care units for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in 2019 on 257 diabetics in seven primary care units (Maendeleo, Funu, Uzima, CBCA-Nyamugo, 8th Cepac-Buholo, Lumu and Charles-Mbogha).To collect the data, we used the survey questionnaire, medical tools and documents; anthropometric tools and statement of the prices (for drugs, laboratory exams and public transport). Results: Most of respondents were female (79.4%), aged ≥ 45 years old (90.27%), with a level of study below secondary education (63.0), without paid employment (71.1 %) with a monthly income < $ 37.5 US (59.92%). Most of them had type-2 diabetes mellitus (93.3%). With family history (48.25%) and comorbidities (hypertension and stroke). All participants were on medication (77.0% on oral glucose-lowering drugs). Once a week glycemic control was assessed in six primary care units, we noted hyperglycemia in the majority of female 68.5% (OR = 2.25; P = 0.02); aged 55 or older 54.9% (OR = 2.62; P = 0.02), not respecting the diet 45.5% (OR = 2.09; P = 0.04) and ate the family meal on a common plate 40.5% (OR = 2.32; P = 0.007). Their monthly expenses covered the assessment of fasting blood sugar, medication, and food purchases. Body Mass Index has represented the increased (31.5% with overweight) and high (23.8% with obesity) disease risk. The waist circumference represented the abdominal obesity mainly in women.
Conclusion: Diabetes is an economic and health burden for the patient, family and community. Primary care units lacked human, material and financial resources to care for diabetics.
Case Report of a 10 cm Subdued Abdominal Mass: Diagnosis and Management of a Rare Primitive Mesenteric Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: EL-HAJJ Carine , MATTA Clemence , ELIAS Bachir 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Specific management schemes of the exceedingly rare primitive mesenchymal leiomyosarcomas do not exist. Reporting their behavior and management is necessary to be able to construct evidence-based directives.
Case Report: We report a case of a 42-year-old Caucasian woman that presented with a large indolent abdominal mass evolving over 3 months. Two differential diagnosis were looked upon, either GIST or leiomyosarcoma. The abdomino-pelvic ct-scan proved that this tumor could be completely resected, so the patient was successfully operated within 2 weeks of the preliminary diagnosis. A monobloc negative margin resection was performed and the patient recovered on the surgical floor. The anatomopathological studies and immunohistochemistry tests confirmed the presence of a primitive mesenchymal leiomyosarcoma. The patient was recommended a follow up every 4 months with a thoraco-abdomino-pelvic ct-scan due to her economic status.
Conclusion: The management of rare tumors is always challenging due to the lack of knowledge concerning its behavior and response to the various treatment modalities. Reporting this rare case of mesenchymal leiomyosarcoma and similar cases will enable a better understanding of this disease and its treatment.
Using miR-125b in the Prediction of Aromatase Inhibitors Resistance in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Zedain Ashraf , Badrway Hosney , Refaat Ahmed , Razik Dina Ismail Abd El , Mahran Ahmed , Ibrahim Abeer 
Published: August 2020

Background: Several studies investigated the miRNAs in cancer trying to assess the prognosis or to predict the response to certain treatment .One of these miRNAs are miR 125b , it was suggested by previous results as a good marker for prediction of aromatase inhibitors (AI) response. So, this study was conducted to assess the value using miRNA125b as a predictive factor to AI response.
Patients and Methods: A total of 90 patients of postmenopausal HR+ve metastatic breast cancer who attended to medical oncology department outpatient’s clinic in SECI, Assiut university Egypt, from May 2017 to September 2018. Patients presented with metastasis at diagnosis as well as patients who relapsed only after 3 years of adjuvant hormonal treatment with SERM were included. All patients received AI as first line treatment for metastatic, miRNA 125b was isolated from peripheral blood samples and measured by using (q PCR).The response of patients was assessed by RECIST criteria and correlated with its expression levels.
Results: Expression of the miR125-b was significantly higher in patients than control p= 0.000. However, no significant difference in its expression between those with single of multiple metastases or even between the site of metastases. We didn’t find also any significant difference in response p=0.648 and survival either PFS p=0.406 or OS p=0.384 between those patients with high expression vs. low expression.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that miR125b could be used as a diagnostic marker as it is significantly increased in patients than control. However, we don’t recommend using miR125b as a marker to predict the AI resistance as further studies with large sample size are needed to confirm these results.