bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Radiation and Variable Pressure Effects on Natural Convective Heat and Mass Transfer Fluid Flow in Porous Medium
Authors: Isah B.Y. , Altine M.M. , Ahmad S.K. 
Published: July 2020

The study investigates the interaction of free convective flow with thermal radiation and variable pressure on natural convective heat and mass transfer fluid flow in porous medium. Solutions for time dependent energy, concentration and momentum equations were obtained by the perturbation series method after transforming into ordinary differential equations. The effect of various flow parameters such as: suction/injection ( δ) radiation (R ) magnetic field (M ) heat source (S ) chemical reaction ( Rc) on the skin friction, rate of heat transfer, velocity, temperature, and concentration profile influencing the physical situation were discussed with the aid of line graphs.
Keywords: Thermal Radiation, Variable pressure, Perturbation, Natural Convection
Isolation of Epicatechin from the Stem Bark of <i>Neocarya macrophylla</i> (Sabine) Prance (Chrysobalanaceae)
Authors: Yusuf A.J. , Abdullahi M.I. , Musa A.M. , Haruna A.K. , Mzozoyana V. , Sanusi A. 
Published: July 2020

Neocarya macrophylla has a wide range of medicinal uses in traditional medicine. The aim of the study was to isolate and characterize compound from the stem bark of the plant. (-)-Epicatechin (a flavan-3-ol) was isolated from the ethylacetate soluble fraction of the methanol stem bark extract of the plant using a combination of silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structure of the compound as (-)-epicatechin was confirmed on the basis of chemical test, 1D- & 2D-NMR spectroscopy and comparison with existing data in literature. This is the first report of isolation of epicatechin from the stem bark of the plant.
Keywords: Neocarya macrophylla, stem bark, (-)-Epicatechin, NMR analysis
Modelling Subsidy as a Cooperative Advertising Channel Coordination Mechanism
Authors: Ezimadu P.E. 
Published: July 2020

This work considers the use of subsidy as channel coordination strategy in vertical cooperative advertising in which the manufacturer is the Stackelberg game leader and the retailer is the follower. While the retailer is directly involved in advertising, the manufacturer is indirectly involved through the provision of subsidy to aid the retailer in advertising the product. The work models the demand function using a multiplicative advertising-price-demand function, and obtains the players’ prices, the retail advertising effort, the manufacturer’s subsidy rate and the payoffs. The work observes that with increasing subsidy, the manufacturer’s price margin increases while that of the retailer reduces and eventual becomes zero with total subsidy. However, the manufacturer should not totally subsidise retail advertising since it would be counterproductive for him, while at the same time would lead to very large retail payoff. Thus with appropriate subsidy strategy, the prices and the payoffs, and eventually the entire channel can be coordinated.
Keywords: Channel coordination, Vertical cooperative advertising, Stackelberg game, Advertising price-demand function, Subsidy rate.
Comparison Of Three Numerical Methods For Estimating Weibull Parameters Using Weibull Distribution Model In Nigeria
Authors: Oyewole J.A. , Aweda F.O. , Oni D. 
Published: July 2020

There is a crucial need in Nigeria to enhance the development of wind technology in order to boost our energy supply. Adequate knowledge about the wind speed distribution becomes very essential in the establishment of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). Weibull Probability Density Function (PDF) with two parameters is widely accepted and is commonly used for modelling, characterizing and predicting wind resource and wind power, as well as assessing optimum performance of WECS. Therefore, it is paramount to precisely estimate the scale and shape parameters for all regions or sites of interest. Here, wind data from year 2000 to 2010 for four different locations (Port Harcourt, Ikeja, Kano and Jos) were analysed and the Weibull parameters was determined. The three methods employed are Mean Standard Deviation Method (MSDM), Energy Pattern Factor Method (EPFM) and Method of Moments (MOM) for estimating Weibull parameters. The method that gave the most accurate estimation of the wind speed was MSDM method, while Energy Pattern Factor Method (EPFM) is the most reliable and consistent method for estimating probability density function of wind.
Keywords: Weibull Distribution, Method of Moment, Mean Standard Deviation Method, Energy Pattern Method
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Methanol Extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Seed in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Albino Rats
Authors: Adefolalu F.S. , Salawa J.S. , Gara T.Y. , Abubakar A.N. 
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of the oral administration of methanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa seed in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) of the methanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa seed were administered daily to two groups of diabetic rats for a period of two weeks. Metformin (250 mg/kg) was given as the reference standard drug. Phytochemical, acute toxicity, fasting blood glucose, body weight, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins levels were determined using standard methods. Acute toxicity of methanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa seed was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. There was an initial decrease in the body weight of the experimental animals after induction of diabetes which increased significantly (p<0.05) by the second week of treatment. The fasting blood glucose levels of the treated diabetic rats were significantly decreased at the second week of treatment with the group that received 400 mg/kg of extract recording the lowest fasting blood glucose level. The cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoproteins levels of the diabetic treated rats were significantly reduced while the high density lipoproteins level significantly increased. It can therefore be concluded that Hibiscus sabdariffa seed has the ability to lower blood sugar and maintain a stable lipid level.
Keywords: Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, Alloxan, Phytochemical, Hibiscus sabdariffa
A Bayesian Approach for Validation of Election Results
Authors: Ogundeji R.K. , Onyeka-Ubaka J.N. 
Published: July 2020

Election process and results in many countries have resulted in both political and economic instability of that country. Fair and credible election process and results must be evidence-based and statistical proven. This study employed a Bayesian procedure for the validation of election results. Based on Nigerian 2011 and 2015 presidential election results, Bayesian credible intervals were obtained to assess the credibility of Nigeria presidential election results. The study explores Bayesian methods using a Bayesian model called beta-binomial conjugate model to compute posterior probability of electoral votes cast and confirm if these votes are within Bayesian credible intervals. The results obtained showed that election outcomes for the two major political parties in Nigeria 2011 presidential election are not within Bayesian credible bounds while 2015 presidential election results are within computed Bayesian credible bounds. Also, in contrast to frequentist approach, applied Bayesian methodology exhibited smaller variance which is an indication that Bayesian approach is more efficient. Thus, for election to be fair, credible and acceptable by the electorates, Bayesian approach can be used to validate electoral process and results.
Keywords: Bayesian Methods, Bayesian Credible Intervals, Beta-Binomial Model, Empirical Bayes, Nigeria Presidential Elections.
Anti-nutritional Composition of Honey Samples from Four Northern States of Nigeria
Authors: Oriolowo O.B. , John O.J. , Abubakar D.S. , Jonah T.M. , Ismaila D. 
Published: July 2020

Honey is sought globally for nutritional and therapeutic purposes because of the several chemical constituents that are abound in it. Some of these chemicals such as the anti-nutrients are defensive metabolic byproducts of plants from which bees obtained the nectars for honey production. This study was undertaken to determine the cyanide, oxalate, phytate, tannin and saponin compositions of honey samples from four North Central States of Nigeria. Anti-nutrients were analyzed following the Standards of Association of Official Analytical Chemists protocol for anti-nutrient compositions. Data obtained were compared using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the means were separated using Fischer’s Least Significance Difference (LSD). The results showed that cyanide, phytate and tannin were present in all the four honey samples while oxalate and saponin were only present in two of the honey samples, though at varying concentrations each of them. All anti-nutrient except cyanide are within tolerable limit for human consumption. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in each of the anti-nutrient’s concentrations across the honey samples. The study showed that location and geographical region significantly influence honey’s anti-nutrient compositions as well as their concentrations.
Keywords: Honey, Anti-nutrients, Tannin, Saponin, Cyanide, Oxalate, Phytate.
Status of urogenital schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis co-infection among pupils in a rural setting of Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Elom M.O. , Usanga V.U. , Uhuo C.A. , Nwiboko U.J. , Egwu S.N. 
Published: July 2020

The study investigated persistence of urinary schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis during MDA of anthelminthics. Information on supply and utilization of the anthelminthics from 2014 to 2017 were obtained from Ebonyi State Ministry of Health, Abakaliki, and from Ezza North LGA headquarters respectively. Urine and stool specimens were collected from 200 pupils from selected schools in Ezza North LGA. The specimens were examined using standard parasitological techniques. A total of 389,064 and 725,443 tablets of praziquantel and albendazole respectively were supplied to the study-area from 2014 to 2017. The percentage utilization of the regimen was 57.03% and 63.88% respectively. Age-dependent prevalence of schistosomiasis among the pupils indicated a total of 10.5%. Age group 9-11 years had least prevalence (6.15%) in comparison with others, with significant difference (p=0.044). Though the males were infected more than the females (11.96% vs 9.26%), no significant difference (p=0.535) was observed in prevalence of S. haematobium infections. Gender-related prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis indicated no significant difference (p=0.224). Infection prevalence with respect to taxa of geohelminths indicated that hookworms had higher prevalence (24.50%) than A. lumbricoides (5%) and Trichuris trichiura (2.5%). Prevalence of the helminths were still high, despite appreciable levels of supply and utilization of the regimens. Surveillance for drug resistance is recommended.
Keywords: Schistosomiasis; soil-transmitted helminthiaasis; co-infection; chemotherapy; Ebonyi State.
Helminth parasitic infections of leaf litter frogs (<i>Arthroleptis</i> and <i>Phrynobatrachus spp.</i>) from cocoa plantations in southern Nigeria
Authors: Edo-Taiwo O. , Aisien M.S.O. 
Published: July 2020

The endohelminths parasitizing leaf litter frogs (LLFs) at Ojo Camp, Ugboke, Ovia South West Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria were investigated. The frogs were collected from cocoa plantations (CPs) exposed to pesticides and from the village settlement (VS) located outside the pesticide use environment, for 15 months, using the Visual Acoustic Encounter Surveys method and disturbance searches. Two genera of LLFs were encountered: Arthroleptis (A. poecilonotus, A. variabilis, and six other undetermined Arthroleptis spp.) and Phrynobatrachus (P. auritus, P. plicatus, P. natalensis and Phrynobatrachus sp.). The overall prevalence of infection in LLFs from the CPs and VS were 37.4% and 50.0%, respectively but thedifference was not significant (p>0.05). The most parasitized LLF in the CPs was the unidentified Phrynobatrachus sp. (64.7%); in the VS infections were only recorded in A. poecilonotus (50%, n=4) and the single specimens of Arthroleptis sp. 2 collected from this habitat. The helminth parasites recovered included four cestodes (two adults: Cylindrotaenia jaegerskioeldi and Ophiotaenia sp.) and two larvae (two unidentified Proteocephalus spp.), three digenetic trematodes (two unidentified Mesocoelium spp. and a strigeoid larva) and eight nematode species (Amplicaecum sp., Aplectana sp., Cosmocerca ornata, Cosmocerca sp., Foleyellides sp., Physaloptera sp., Rhabdias sp. and an Ascaridida sp.). Although the cocoa plantations had very high species richness and diversity of parasites (15 parasite species), the intensity of infection was low. This generally low infection intensity reflects the inhibitory effects of the pesticide-contaminated environment of the CPs on parasite larval development and transmission.
Keywords: Leaf litter frogs; helminth parasites; prevalence; intensity; cocoa plantations; pesticides.
Intestinal helminth infection and malnutrition among public primary school children in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Nnolim C. , Adekeye T.A. , Awobode H.O. 
Published: July 2020

Intestinal helminthiasis associated with malnutrition in children remains endemic in developing countries despite considerable efforts at control. This study was carried out to determine the current prevalence status and the risk factors associated with intestinal helminth infections among primary school children in Ibadan. A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 5-16 year old pupils, from 7 primary schools in Ibadan, Oyo State. Microscopic examination of stool for ova was carried out using a formol-ether concentration technique. Predisposing risk factors were determined from questionnaire data while anthropometric indices consisting of weight, height and age were the measured indicators of the nutritional status. Of the 485 pupils examined, 187(38.6%) had helminth infections and the parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (35.9%), Strongyloides stercoralis (12.4%), hookworm (8.5%), Enterobius vermicularis (4.9%), Schistosoma mansoni (3.5%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.4%). More male pupils (52.9%, p = 0.05) than females (47.1%) had infections. Pupils aged between 9-12 years (p = 0.02) had highest (49.2%) infection rates. Infections were recorded in 13(18.57%) of 70 pupils treated with levamisole by the local health centres 2 weeks prior to this study. Wearing of footwear, parent’s occupation, drinking water sources, family size and toilet type were risk factors significantly associated (p<0.05) with infection in this study. The overall prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were 24.4%, 28.8% and 7.8% respectively, there was however, no statistical relationship (p>0.05) between the prevalence of infection and malnutrition. Intestinal helminthiasis is still prevalent in schoolchildren despite targeted chemotherapy. It is therefore suggested that chemotherapy should include all children in the communities along with continuous enlightenment to ensure the disruption of parasite transmission.
Keywords: Intestinal helminths; school children; malnutrition; Ibadan; chemotherapy.
Behaviour and stress in three breeds of laying hens kept in the same environment
Authors: Rozempolska-Rucińska I. , Czech A. , Kasperek K. , Zięba G. , Ziemiańska A. 
Published: July 2020

The aim of the study was to determine whether birds of different breeds, with different preferences for environmental elements and kept in identical conditions, would exhibit different behaviour and stress levels. The research material consisted of 50 laying hens of the Green-legged partridge (Zk), Polbar (Pb), and Leghorn (Lg) breeds. The birds were provided with identical environmental conditions. They were kept on litter in separate boxes, with 25 individuals of one breed per box, in the same building. An open field test was used in determining the behaviour of the birds. Levels of cortisol in serum and corticosterone in feathers were evaluated, and haematological and biochemical analyses of blood were performed. Leghorns proved to be a highly excitable and active breed whose needs cannot be fully satisfied in the standard conditions of large farms. Based on a differential leukocyte count, their hyperactivity was associated with increased stress. The Green-legged partridge exhibited the lowest stress levels. Birds kept in the same environmental conditions were found to differ significantly in the level of stress, probably because of differences in their behavioural needs and the possibilities of satisfying them. To reduce stress levels and improve the welfare of hens, it is necessary to verify their preferences first. Stress indicators are elevated in highly excitable birds, and the conditions on large farms are not conducive to meeting their behavioural needs.
Keywords: behavioural test, blood indices, corticosterone, laying hens
Performance, intestinal histomorphology and bone composition of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with genistein
Authors: Glisic M. , Boskovic M. , Baltic M. Z. , Sefer D. , Radovanovic A. , Djordjevic V. , Raseta M. , Markovic R. 
Published: July 2020

The effect of dietary genistein on performance, intestinal morphology, caecal Lactobacillus spp. count, and tibia composition in broiler chickens after 21 and 37 days of feeding was investigated. A total of 360 Cobb 500 broiler chickens (21 days old) were randomly allocated to five treatments with six replicates of 12 birds each. They were fed a basal diet (C) or a basal diet supplemented with 200 (T1), 400 (T2), 600 (T3) and 800 (T4) mg genistein/kg of feed. Genistein supplementation did not affect feed intake, but improved bodyweight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) after 21 days, while 600 mg/kg led to a significant increase in FCR after 37 days of feeding. Plasma triglyceride level decreased with dietary genistein after 21 days, while increases were found in T3 and T4 groups after prolonged supplementation. Significantly improved duodenal and jejunal villus length and width, crypt depth and villus/crypt ratio were observed after the first and the second finishing periods, respectively, while adverse effects were found in the ileum for both periods. At 42 days old, greater spleen and heart weights were measured in broilers fed diets with 800 mg/kg than in other broiler groups. The shorter genistein supplementation period (21 days) of 200 and 400 mg/kg had a positive effect on tibia wet weight, ash and calcium (Ca) content, while 37 days of the higher genistein doses administered to the T2, T3 and T4 birds significantly increased caecal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts. Thus, recommended doses should not exceed 400 mg/kg.
Keywords: broiler performance, blood triglyceride, Lactobacillus, prolonged fattening, small intestinal morphology
Recovered and Restored? Abducted Women in 1947 Partition Narratives
Authors: Aslam Saiyma 
Published: July 2020

During the Partition of India in 1947, communal riots triggered unspeakable acts of horror against women of rival communities. A large number of women were abducted; some were later recovered and returned to their families. The trauma suffered by these abducted women and survivors extends all proportions. This paper analyses the dislocation, pain and trauma of abducted women, as depicted in two short stories: The Lost Ribbon by Shobha Rao (2016) and Banished (1998) by Jamila Hashmi originally published in Urdu as Banbas (exile) in Aap-Beeti, Jag-Beeti (1969). I consider the abducted women’s plight in view of the distinction Giorgio Agamben made of zoè (bare life) and bios (political life as a citizen) in Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (1998) and The Use of Bodies (2015). I analyse how Partition reduced women to bare life, despite offering them hopes of life as a citizen of their respective independent countries. In this regard, I discuss their sufferings and trauma due to double dislocation, first stemming from rape, abduction and captivity in the wake of communal violence, and second due to the nature of the states’ intervention in their recovery and rehabilitation. My analysis also shows that recovery of abducted women should not be taken as synonymous with restoration because restoration of a traumatised human being to her pre-abduction state of mind and life is not possible.
Auxiliando dificuldades de aprendizagem apontadas por alunos do ensino médio por meio de objetos virtuais de aprendizagem
Authors: Lemos Pamela Beatriz Menezes 
Published: July 2020

Objetos Virtuais de Aprendizagem (OVA) são tecnologias associadas ao conhecimento desenvolvidas para o ensino, objetivando a aprendizagem de determinado conteúdo. No estágio supervisionado desenvolveu-se um OVA site, centrando dificuldades dos alunos do 3º ano do E.M. de uma escola pública periférica sobre Genética, Evolução e Ecologia, visando o acesso a diferentes tipos de metodologias e abordagens de ensino-aprendizagem em um contexto de vulnerabilidade social e econômica. Inferiu-se que utilização de OVA’s, quando preocupados e orientados pelas necessidades dos alunos, desencadeia maior interesse refletido na maior participação, gerando melhor aprendizado dos conteúdos. Também foi notável o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas extremamente necessárias para se viver em um mundo digitalizado como o momento atual além de desenvolver competências fundamentais para a cidadania.
Entre encontros e ensino de biologia e gêneros e sexualidades: sopros e insurgências de uma biologia menor
Authors: Santos Sandro Prado , Martins Matheus Moura 
Published: July 2020

Este artigo apresenta dados de uma pesquisa cartográfica que se interessou pelasressonâncias das experiências de pessoas transaos territórios da educação em Biologia e que se materializou num caminhar entreos emaranhados do campo oficial do ensino de Biologia. Nesse contexto, temos como objetivo apresentar as potencialidades e as insurgências de um mapeamento dos movimentos efetuados nos ENEBIO’s e EREBIO’s. O sopro dos encontros nos convocaram ao agenciamento “Experiências de pessoas trans – Ensino de Biologia” que nos abriu espaços para pensarmos a educação em biologia enquanto territórios constituídos por linhas de diferentes naturezas, ritmos e direções, e, em que os gêneros e as sexualidades ecoam e funcionam na sua constituição, produzindo planos que coexistem em oscilações maiorese menores.