bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rainfall Induced 137Cs Radioactivity in the Aegean Sea
Authors: Tsabaris C. , Ballas D. , Papadopoulos C. T. , Vlastou R. , Kalfas C. A. 
Published: April 2020

The development of autonomous measuring systems for radioactivity in the ma- rine environment is today of important scientific priority for the marine sciences and especially for the Operational Oceanography. This paper concentrates on the improvement and application of an existing Nal-based gamma ray detection system for radioactivity measurements in seawater. The set up of the system will be described together with the appropriate calibrations in the laboratory. The operation of the system in the Aegean Sea provides the monitoring efficiency at 1461 keV by intercalibration with an appropriate salinity sensor mounted close to the Nal-detector. The gross counting rate was found constant within the statistical uncertainty of the measurements, during dry periods. The artificial radioactivity (137Cs) in the North Aegean Sea was increased, however, up to seven times after strong rainfall, compared to the mean radiation level as given in literature. This increment remains only for a short period of time (~2 days), due to strong advection processes of the water masses during strong rainfall.
Searches for the Σ-nucleus Potential
Authors: Petridou Th. 
Published: April 2020

The determination of the Σ-nucleus potential is the main orientation of the late Σ-hypernuclear physics. For this purpose, the last (Κ-,π+) light Σ-hypernuclear spectra were studied together with the recent (π-, Κ+)28Si_Σ spectrum in the context of the Green function method with a square well optical potential and a delta function spin-orbit interaction using plane waves. It was found that these spectra with a broad enhancement mainly at large energies are well described by a repulsive potential with nonzero imaginary and spin-orbit parts.
Constraints on neutron stars equation of state using the tidal deformability derived from BNS mergers
Authors: Kanakis-Pegios Alkiviadis , Moustakidis Charalampos 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this work is the study of neutron stars (NS) equation of state (EOS) using constraints on tidal deformability derived from observation of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers, such as GW170817. The mathematical formalism is introduced, and then for a variety of EOS the system is solved numerically, allowing us to determine the mass, the radius, the tidal love number and the tidal deformability of the NS, each one of them unique for each EOS. Moreover, for a fixed value of chirp mass under the assumption that m2<m1 (where m1 is the heavier component mass of BNS system), the effective (mass-weighted) tidal deformability of the binary system is determined for each EOS. We consider both an upper limit (GW170817) and a lower limit (AT2017gfo) for the effective tidal deformability. Also, we construct the Λ1-Λ2 space and we compare the behavior of EOS with the most recent LIGO’s data. We found out that the most EOS models give values for the effective tidal deformability less than the upper limit and that the most stiff EOS are excluded.
Growth, production and feed conversion performance of the gurami sago (Osphronemus goramy Lacepède, 1801) strain in different aquaculture systems
Authors: Azrita Azrita , Aryani Netti , Mardiah Ainul , Syandri Hafrijal 
Published: April 2020

Background: Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy, Osphronemidae), belonging to the gurami sago strain, is an important economic fish species that was newly released for domestication in 2018 in Indonesia. The present study aimed to determine the growth, production and feed conversion efficiency of gurami sago strain in different aquaculture systems. Methods: A mean of 240 juveniles were stocked (mean, 54.53 g and 13.88 cm) into concrete ponds, ﬂoating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds (12 m3) with three replicates of each. The juveniles were fed a floating commercial pellet diet containing 30% crude protein and 5% crude lipids. Feed was supplied at 3% of fish biomass per day throughout the 90 days of the experiment. The research was conducted in the area surrounding Lake Maninjau of West Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Results: After 90 days, the mean weight of ﬁsh reared in concrete ponds was 166.86 g, floating net cages was 179.51 g and earthen freshwater ponds was 149.89 g. The mean final biomass was 37.64 kg for concrete ponds, 41.27 kg for floating net cages, and 33.72 kg for earthen freshwater ponds. The specific growth rates (%/day) for concrete ponds, floating net cages and earthen freshwater ponds were 0.67, 0.75 and 0.62, respectively. The feed conversion rates were 1.45 for concrete ponds, 1.30 for floating net cages and 1.87 for earthen freshwater ponds. The net yields (kg mˉ3) were 2.05 for concrete ponds, 2.27 for floating net cages, and 1.73 for earthen freshwater ponds. The exponents (b) of the length–weight relationship were calculated for concrete ponds (1.0146), floating net cages (1.2641), and earthen freshwater ponds (1.0056). Conclusion: The study showed that the growth performance, production and feed conversion efficiency of the gurami sago strain could be considered a new candidate strain for floating net cage aquaculture in the future.
Single-transcript multiplex in situ hybridisation reveals unique patterns of dystrophin isoform expression in the developing mammalian embryo
Authors: Hildyard John C. W. , Crawford Abbe H. , Rawson Faye , Riddell Dominique O. , Harron Rachel C. M. , Piercy Richard J. 
Published: April 2020

Background: The dystrophin gene has multiple isoforms: full-length dystrophin (dp427) is principally known for its expression in skeletal and cardiac muscle, but is also expressed in the brain, and several internal promoters give rise to shorter, N-terminally truncated isoforms with wider tissue expression patterns (dp260 in the retina, dp140 in the brain and dp71 in many tissues). These isoforms are believed to play unique cellular roles both during embryogenesis and in adulthood, but their shared sequence identity at both mRNA and protein levels makes study of distinct isoforms challenging by conventional methods. Methods: RNAscope is a novel in-situ hybridisation technique that offers single-transcript resolution and the ability to multiplex, with different target sequences assigned to distinct fluorophores. Using probes designed to different regions of the dystrophin transcript (targeting 5', central and 3' sequences of the long dp427 mRNA), we can simultaneously detect and distinguish multiple dystrophin mRNA isoforms at sub-cellular histological levels. We have used these probes in healthy and dystrophic canine embryos to gain unique insights into isoform expression and distribution in the developing mammal. Results: Dp427 is found in developing muscle as expected, apparently enriched at nascent myotendinous junctions. Endothelial and epithelial surfaces express dp71 only. Within the brain and spinal cord, all three isoforms are expressed in spatially distinct regions: dp71 predominates within proliferating germinal layer cells, dp140 within maturing, migrating cells and dp427 appears within more established cell populations. Dystrophin is also found within developing bones and teeth, something previously unreported, and our data suggests orchestrated involvement of multiple isoforms in formation of these tissues. Conclusions: Overall, shorter isoforms appear associated with proliferation and migration, and longer isoforms with terminal lineage commitment: we discuss the distinct structural contributions and transcriptional demands suggested by these findings.
Central venous catheter infection in Canadian home parenteral nutrition patients: a 5-year multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Saqui Olivia , Fernandes G. , Allard J. 
Published: April 2020

HIGHLIGHTS A lower central venous catheter (CVC) infection rate suggests an improvement in practice and education. CVC infection remains a complication that often requires significant health care resources. Use of tunneled CVC and patient education on catheter care reduces CVC infection rates. Objectives: CVC infection is one of the most frequent, life-threatening complications in home parenteral nutrition (HPN) patients. Our objective was to conduct a 5-year retrospective chart review regarding CVC infections in 3 adult HPN programs. Methods: Data were collected from the Canadian HPN Registry and patient charts that include demography, infection diagnosis, blood cultures, and treatments. Results: Results are reported as median (range) ± standard error of mean or population frequency. Eighty-one charts were reviewed. Mean age was 51.98 ± 1.71 years. Short bowel syndrome (54.3%) was the primary diagnosis, with 36 months (range, 1324 months) median length of HPN therapy. Forty-seven subjects (58%) had infections over a 5-year period. Of these, there were 144 sepsis events. There was positive correlation (r=0.423; P<0.001) between number of infections and HPN duration. The median length of time the CVC was in place was 281 (range, 14–4380) days. There were 66.7% tunneled CVCs; 25.9% peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), and 7.4% implanted venous port. In this sample, there was no association between line infection and catheter type. Most patients presented with fever (58.3%) and chills (38.2%). Blood cultures were done (89.6%), and coagulase negative Staphylococcus was the resulting pathogen present in 25.7%. Patients with bloodstream infection were treated for 17.9 ± 1.2 days with combination antibiotics (22.2%). Overall, the CVC infection rate was 0.97 per 1000 catheter days. Conclusion: We found the standard approach to infection prevention is comparable to reports in literature. However, a subset of patients with multiple CVC infections require education with an emphasis on preventive techniques in order to reduce the incidence of infection.
M-QAM signal transmission at the photonically generated K-band over thermal-induced turbulent FSO links with different turbulence distributions
Authors: Vallejo Luis , Nguyen Dong-Nhat , Bohata Jan , Ortega Beatriz , Zvanovec Stanislav 
Published: April 2020

We present a theoretical and experimental study on the impact of different thermal-induced free-space turbulence distributions on the M–quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) signal transmission in radio frequency K-band over hybrid optical links of standard single mode fiber (SSMF) and free-space optics (FSO). Frequency multiplication using an external intensity modulator biased at the null transmission point has been employed to photonically generate radio signals at a frequency of 25 GHz , included for the frequency bands for fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. Moreover, extensive simulations have been performed for

10

G
b

/

s

with 4-, 16-, and 64-QAM over 5 km of SSMF and 500 m long FSO channels under scenarios with different turbulence levels and distributions. Proof-of-concept experiments have been conducted for 20 MHz with 4- and 64-QAM over 5 km of SSMF and 2 m long FSO channels under turbulence conditions. Both theoretical and experimental systems have been analyzed in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) performance showing feasible transmission over the hybrid links in the received optical power range. Non-uniform turbulence distributions are shown to have a different impact on M-QAM modulation formats, i.e., turbulence distributions with higher strength in the middle of the FSO link reveal a 1.9 dB penalty when using 64-QAM signals compared to a 1.3 dB penalty using 4-QAM signals, whereas higher penalties have been measured when 4-QAM format is transmitted over turbulence distributions with larger magnitude in the second half of the FSO link. The results have been validated by theoretical predictions and lead to practical consequences on future networks’ deployment.
Optical design of diffraction-limited x-ray telescopes
Authors: Chalifoux Brandon D. , Heilmann Ralf K. , Marshall Herman L. , Schattenburg Mark L. 
Published: April 2020

Astronomical imaging with micro-arcsecond (µas) angular resolution could enable breakthrough scientific discoveries. Previously proposed µas x-ray imager designs have been interferometers with limited effective collecting area. Here we describe x-ray telescopes achieving diffraction-limited performance over a wide energy band with large effective area, employing a nested-shell architecture with grazing-incidence mirrors, while matching the optical path lengths between all shells. We present two compact nested-shell Wolter Type 2 grazing-incidence telescope designs for diffraction-limited x-ray imaging: a micro-arcsecond telescope design with 14 µas angular resolution and

2.9

m

2

of effective area at 5 keV photon energy (

λ
=

0.25

n
m

), and a smaller milli-arcsecond telescope design with 525 µas resolution and

645

c
m

2

effective area at 1 keV (

λ
=

1.24

n
m

). We describe how to match the optical path lengths between all shells in a compact mirror assembly and investigate chromatic and off-axis aberrations. Chromatic aberration results from total external reflection off of mirror surfaces, and we greatly mitigate its effects by slightly adjusting the path lengths in each mirror shell. The mirror surface height error and alignment requirements for diffraction-limited performance are challenging but arguably achievable in the coming decades. Because the focal ratio for a diffraction-limited x-ray telescope is extremely large (

f

/

D
∼

10
5

), the only important off-axis aberration is curvature of field, so a 1 arc sec field of view is feasible with a flat detector. The detector must fly in formation with the mirror assembly, but relative positioning tolerances are on the order of 1 m over a distance of some tens to hundreds of kilometers. Although there are many challenges to achieving diffraction-limited x-ray imaging, we did not find any fundamental barriers.
Investigações da invenção e reinvenção da memória
Authors: Gil Bruno 
Published: April 2020

Resumo O acto de investigar em arquitectura é ainda incerto. Se actualmente a sua pertinência tende a ser consensual, nem sempre o foi. Ainda são múltiplas as dúvidas quanto ao seu lugar num contexto do ensino da arquitectura e como pode contribuir para a transição entre aprendizagem e prática, clarificando relações entre teoria, história e projecto. É apenas na década de 1960 que se assiste a uma crescente instituição de centros de estudos em arquitectura que empreendem investigação. De forma independente, ou na Universidade, os métodos utilizados e objectivos vacilavam entre arte e ciência, e entre uma reinvenção da memória de forma retrospectiva e uma propensão prospectiva de invenção. Como argumento principal procuram-se especificidades da investigação para a arquitectura, ensaiando definições, no tipo e na escala de investigação, e aferindo a validade de enquadramento na arquitectura. Partindo de experiências embrionárias da Bauhaus, passando pelo Centre for Land Use and Built Form Studies ou pelo movimento Design Methods e chegando ao Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies, exploram-se inclinações para uma investigação do tipo fundamental ou aplicado. Concluindo, problematiza-se a mediação entre investigação fundamental, enquanto contribuição intra-disciplinar, e investigação aplicada, enquanto compromisso extra-disciplinar. Por isso importa a questão: que investigação a arquitectura quer? Abstract The act of research in architecture is still uncertain. Even if its relevance tends to be consensual, it has not always been so. Multiple doubts persist on its place in a context of architectural education and how it can contribute to the transition between learning and practice, clarifying relationships between theory, history and design. It is only in the 1960s that we witness a growing establishment of research centres that undertake studies in architecture. Independently, or within the University, methods and objectives vacillated between art and science, and between a reinvention of memory, retrospectively, and invention, prospectively. As a main argument we seek specific features of research when applied to architecture, rehearsing definitions, of type and scale of research, and assessing their validity in the framework of architecture. Drawing on embryonic experiences from Bauhaus, to the Centre for Land Use and Built Form Studies or the Design Methods movement and reaching the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies, we explore the inclination towards a basic or an applied type of research. Finally, we question the mediation between basic research, as intradisciplinary contribution, and applied research, while undertaking extradisciplinary compromises. Thus, it is important to question: which kind of research does architecture want?
Seven Lamps of Architectural Design
Authors: Gil Bruno 
Published: April 2020

In the present, the contemporary model of the Design and Design Studio is constantly being tested and revised, before a rising heterodoxy of programs and methods. As a key, it is proposed the retrieval of John Ruskin’s essay “Seven Lamps of Architecture”. Written in 1849, the seven principles aimed to rescue, in an almost primitive way, Architecture as an Art that enlightens the remaining ones. It returns to the example of Venice’s medieval stones to go forward on the symbolic indefiniteness of the industrial age, alerted by Pugin (1836). Ruskin’s lamps would indicate the modern way for the “total artwork” by William Morris. With Morris, the Design would be a part of a single process from concept to work, anticipating Bauhaus’s Modern Design - the “gesamtkunstwerk”. From Ruskin, more than the title, we propose to emulate the diligent attitude in clarifying a context, that in the present times increasingly concerns the indefiniteness between Design and Research within the education of the architect. We risk the “Seven Lamps of Architectural Design”. Not absolute, nor ideological, the lamps of “memory”, “research”, “method”, “projection”, “knowledge”, “language” and “invention”, are considered invariants, yet critical, for the enlightenment of the role of research in the design process. What research, individual or collective, subjective or objective, phenomenological or scientific, does the Architectural Design want?
De Architectis Instituendis: A Investigação pelo Desenho depois de Bolonha
Authors: Fernandes Eduardo 
Published: April 2020

Os arquitetos devem ser especialistas em Investigação pelo Desenho, isto é, na capacidade de criar e manipular imagens que expressem ideias, relacionando diferentes áreas de conhecimento (estética, funcionalidade, construção, contexto físico e cultural, planeamento urbano, valores históricos e patrimoniais, sustentabilidade ambiental, etc.). Só um estudante que sabe utilizar o desenho como instrumento de investigação interdisciplinar pode ser considerado apto para iniciar uma especialização numa destas áreas.
Esta Investigação pelo Desenho não deve ser confundida com mera representação: a reflexão sobre os conceitos deve sempre ser mais valorizada do que a qualidade das imagens produzidas.
Este tipo de trabalho decorre obrigatoriamente nas aulas de Projeto, mas também pode ser desenvolvido em Unidades Curriculares de índole teórica, onde os estudantes podem desenvolver trabalho gráfico / analítico como método de investigação e como suporte para a comunicação das suas ideias. Mas hoje, em Portugal, este tipo de investigação tornou-se muito difícil de promover, devido às restrições resultantes da aplicação do chamado Processo de Bolonha, que levou a uma diminuição drástica das horas de contacto nas disciplinas teóricas, na generalidade dos cursos de Arquitectura.
Mas é ainda possível utilizar os temas de Projeto em exercícios teóricos de outras disciplinas, cruzando diferentes campos de conhecimento na mesma prática, treinando os alunos para responder a diferentes tipos de problemas e solicitações a propósito de um único exercício.
A Erosão Drástica da Segurança de Rendimento na Reforma em Portugal: O Efeito Cumulativo dos Ajustamentos Incrementais
Authors: Murteira Maria Clara 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa a sucessão de reformas do sistema público de pensões iniciada, por volta do ano 2000, em Portugal. Identifica uma transformação radical dos objetivos e instrumentos da política de pensões, dos princípios organizadores do sistema e da conceção dos direitos. A provisão pública de rendimento na reforma reduz‑se de forma gradual, mas drástica, implicando a transferência progressiva da responsabilidade e do risco para os indivíduos. Para explicar como foi possível concretizar a mudança institucional radical, apesar da aparente estabilidade das políticas, mantendo a sociedade “anestesiada”, faz‑se referência aos processos políticos das reformas (as estratégias que evitam a oposição e os discursos de legitimação) e ao uso de mecanismos de ajustamento automático (instrumentos que contribuem para a despolitização dos cortes das pensões, porque reduzem a despesa sem exigir alterações legislativas).
Skeletal Health and Associated Injury Risk in Collegiate Female Rowers
Authors: Baker Breanne S. , Buchanan Samuel R. , Bemben Debra A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Baker, BS, Buchanan, SR, and Bemben, DA. Skeletal health and associated injury risk in collegiate female rowers. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 1125–1133, 2022—Rowing has been associated with low bone mass and stress fractures. The aim of this study was to compare bone density, geometry, and skeletal asymmetries between competitive female rowers and matched controls and within rowers based on reported injury status, allowing for the calculation of practical injury risk prediction equations. Rowers (n = 24) and controls (n = 24) completed total body, lumbar spine, and and dual femur and radii dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans. One-way analyses of covariance were performed between rowers and controls, and one-way analyses of variance were performed between rowers based on reported rib injury status (injured [n = 11]; injury-free [n = 13]). Logistic regression was used to create prediction models of rowers' injury status. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Rowers were taller, had greater lean mass, less fat mass, and mostly equivalent skeletal measures compared to controls, which were within normal ranges (p < 0.048). Injury-free rowers consumed over 500 mg·d−1 more calcium and were less symmetrical at the 4% tibiae and hips (p < 0.015). The strongest predictive regression model of reported rib injury in rowers comprised calcium intake and the symmetry index of hip strength index (R
2 = 0.833; p < 0.001). A more practical model including daily calcium intake and total bone specific physical activity (PA) scores can be used to correctly predict injury status 75% of the time (R
2 = 0.750; p = 0.022). This is the first study to provide practitioners an injury prediction model for competitive rowers, reiterating the importance of proper nutrition and auxiliary PA focusing on balanced movement patterns.