bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on the clinical application of mixed reality technology leading micro-invasive intervertebral foramen puncture location and blind puncture location
Authors: Guo Ma-long , Yue Song-tao , Wang Jiang-yi , Cui Hong-xun 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To discuss the function of mixed reality (MR) technology in guiding location of intervertebral foramen microscopic puncture and analyze its feasibility and clinical application value.
Methods: Sixty patients with lumbar intervertebral disc who were treated between January 2017 to October 2017 were chosen, and classified into navigation group (30 cases) and traditional control (30 cases) according to random number table. Intervertebral foramen microscopic operation was conducted for both groups. MR technology was applied for the navigation group to guide puncture and establish intervertebral foramen microscopic cannula. Traditional C-arm X-ray apparatus was used for traditional group to establish intervertebral foramen microscopic cannula. Intra-operative puncture times, fluoroscopy times, puncture time and VAS score 1d, 3m and 6m after the operation were recorded and compared.
Results: Postoperative waist and leg pain symptoms of both groups were relieved obviously, and straight leg raising test for the diseased limb turned to be negative. Intra-operative puncture times, fluoroscopy times, puncture time and operation time had statistical significance decrease.
Conclusion: Mixed reality (MR) can accurately guide the establishment of intervertebral foramen microscopic cannula, solve the bottleneck problem of intervertebral foramen microscopic technology, promote puncture success rate, reduce repeated puncture times, avoid by-injury, shorten puncture time and reduce X-ray radiation quantity of operators and patients, so it deserves to be promoted and applied.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1683
How to cite this:Guo M, Yue S, Wang J, Cui H. Comparative study on the clinical application of mixed reality technology leading micro-invasive intervertebral foramen puncture location and blind puncture location. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):559-564. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1683
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Statistical modeling with neural nets: nuclear masses and halflives
Authors: Mavrommatis E. , Athanassopoulos S. , Dakos A. , Gernoth K. A. , Clark J. W. 
Published: February 2020

Multilayer feedforward neural networks are used to create global models of atomic masses and lifetimes of nuclear states, with the goal of effective prediction of the properties of nuclides outside the region of stability. Innovations in coding and training schemes are used to improve the extrapolation capability of models of the mass table. Studies of nuclear lifetimes have focused on ground states that decay 100% via the β- mode. Results are described which demonstrate that in predictive acuity, statistical approaches to global modeling based on neural networks are potentially competitive with the best phenomenological models based on the traditional methods of theoretical physics.
Determination of Radiation Exposure for Patients with Dental X-Ray Studies
Authors: Somov S. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Improving the quality of radiation assessment of patients of the medical institution of the dental profile using the calculated values of effective doses.
Material and methods: Using the RED-2018 and ORTO-2018 programs, the values of effective patient exposure doses for 29 medical organizations of the dental profile were calculated. The obtained values of the effective dose were compared with the values specified in the methodological recommendations MP 0100 / 1659-07-26 of February 16, 2007 “Filling of forms of federal state statistical observation 3-DOZ”.
Results: The analysis showed that the doses obtained using the RED-2018 and ORTO-2018 computer programs, respectively, are 21 and 14 times lower than the doses indicated in the methodological recommendations MP 0100 / 1659-07-26.
Conclusion: It is shown that the developed computer programs can be applied by a dentist practicing physician who performs an x-ray examination in order to automatically and reliably determine the patient’s dose when performing x-ray-mathematical studies in accordance with the guidelines of MU 2.6.1.2944-11 “Monitoring effective doses of patients during x-ray examinations” also used in the preparation of radiation hygienic passports of organizations and statistical form 3-DOZ. The indication of the actually calculated values of the effective dose of the patient, rather than repeatedly overestimated averages, will reduce the level of radiophobia in society.
In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of the Radiochemical Compound Based on 99mTechnetium Labelled DARPin 9_29 for Molecular Visualization of Malignancies Overexpressing Her2/neu
Authors: Bragina O. , Vorobyeva A. , Tolmachev V. , Orlova A. , Chernov V. , Deyev S. , Proshkina G. , Shulga4 A. , Lar'kina M. , Medvedeva A. , Zel'chan R. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Evaluation of a radiopharmaceutical based on 99mTc-labeled targeted molecules DARPin9_29 for radionuclide diagnostics of malignancies with Her2/neu overexpression.
Material and methods: The DARPin9_29 sequence was amplified from the plasmid pET-DARP-6HIS for the DARPin9_29-His6 gene expression in E. coli cells. The eluent of 99mTcO4– (400–500 μl, 4 GBq) was added to the kit and incubated at a temperature of 100 °C for 20 minutes. After incubation, 40 μl of tricarbonyl technetium was added to 168 μg of DARPin9_29 in 100 μl of PBS (sodium phosphate buffer), followed by incubation at 40 °C for 60 minutes. The radiochemical yield and purity were determined by thin layer radiochromatography, the purification was performed using NAP-5 cleansing columns (GE Healthcare). Cell lines with different levels of Her2/neu expression were used: SKOV-3> BT474 >> DU-145 for the determination of the radiopharmaceutical specificity. Her2/neu expressing cell line SKOV-3 was used for in vitro study. The study was conducted 6 hours after the administration of the drug.
Results: The radiochemical yield was 72 ± 8 %, the radiochemical purity after purification was 98.7 ± 1.0 %. The stability in PBS (phosphate buffered saline) solution after 1 hour was 99.8 ± 0.2; after 3 hours – 98.2 ± 0.1. In vitro studies showed that the accumulation of explored compound was directly proportional to the level of Her2/neu expression in cells, while blocking the receptors with an excess of unlabeled protein showed a significant reduction in binding in the group of cells. Data on biodistribution and SPECT/CT in the body of the animal BALB/c nu/nu demonstrated rapid removal of the compound from the blood stream and high accumulation in the liver, kidney and bladder 6 hours after the introduction of the radiopharmaceutical.
Conclusion: The studies demonstrated high radiochemical yields and purity, as well as stability of the studied compound. The results of in vitro and in vivo analysis showed the specificity and affinity of the radiopharmaceutical to the Her2/neu receptor on the surface of tumor cells. The high accumulation of the drug in the liver and kidneys, detected in in vivo studies, is probably due to the lipophilicity of the 99mTc(CO)3-histidine tag and indicates the limitation of its further clinical use in assessing the condition of the above organs, which will require additional diagnostic methods, as well as possible modification chemical structure.
Radiation Monitoring of the State of the Internal Organs in Newborns with General Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Vorotynceva N. , Orlova V. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Learning the state of the internal organs in newborns with severe perinatal asphyxia after general therapeutic hypothermia.
Material and methods: 80 newborns with severe perinatal asphyxia born from January 2014 to May 2019 in Kursk were under observation. In the first 6 hours of life, 52 patients were started with general therapeutic hypothermia (1st observation group), 28 newborns did not perform hypothermia (2nd control group). All children underwent a dynamic complex radiological examination, included ultrasound of the brain, abdominal organs and retroperitoneal space, echocardiography with Doppler, chest X-rays.
Results and discussion: In both groups of observations, radiation symptoms of liver and gallbladder changes were identified: a uniform increase in the echogenicity of the hepatic parenchyma (98.1 % of cases in group 1 and 100 % of cases in group 2, p > 0.05), visual “impoverishment” of the vascular pattern (98.1 % and 100 %, p > 0.05), hepatomegaly (19.2 % and 21.4 %, p > 0.05), thickening of the gallbladder walls, loose sediment or suspension in its lumen (7.7 % and 10.7 %, p > 0.05). All 80 examined patients showed a bilateral increase in echogenicity of the renal parenchyma with visual impoverishment of intraorgan blood flow and impaired corticomedullary differentiation. The described internal organs changes were reversible and due, in our opinion, mainly to the effect of asphyxiation and resuscitation measures.
According to the results of chest X-ray, we did not reveal the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on the incidence of hospital pneumonia: it was found in 34.6 % newborns from the 1st group and in 42.9 % – from the 2nd one (p > 0.05). However, in the first 14 days of life the respiratory failure caused by edematous and hemorrhagic changes in patient’s lungs was detected more often in patients from observation group then in patients from control group: respectively 76.9 % and 42.8 % of cases (p <0.05). This indicates a negative effect of general therapeutic hypothermia on the respiratory system of newborns with severe perinatal asphyxia.
An Effective Method of Simulation for the Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion by Rotating Particles in the Phase Space File
Authors: Medjadj T. , Ksenofontov A. , Dalechina A. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To develop an effective method of Monte Carlo simulation of the GammaKnife Perfexion system by rotating particles in the phase space file (PSF). This method does not require simulating of all 192 sources that are distributed in the conical form of the Perfexion collimator. The simulation was performed only for 5 out of 192 sources for each collimator size.
Material and methods: Monte Carlo simulation of dose distribution for previous models of GammaKnife system requires phase space file for only one source, since this phase space is identical for all the 201 sources. The Perfexion model is more complex due to the non-coaxial positions of the sources and the complexity of the collimator system itself.
In this work, we present an effective method to simulate the Perfexion model using a phase space file. Penelope Monte Carlo code was used to perform this simulation. In this method, the PSF was obtained for one source in each ring, resulting in five files for each collimator size. PSF for other sources were created by azimuthal redistribution of particles, in the obtained PSF, by rotation around the Z-axis. The phase space files of the same ring were then stored together in a single file.
Results: The paper presented MC simulation using the azimuthal redistribution of particles in the phase space file by rotation around the Z-axis. The simulation has been validated comparing the dose profiles and output factors with the data of the algorithm TMR10 planning system Leksell Gamma Plan (LGP) in a homogeneous environment. The acceptance criterion between TMR10 and Monte Carlo calculations for the profiles was based on the gamma index (GI). Index values more than one were not detected in all cases, which indicates a good agreement of results. The differences between the output factors obtained in this work and the TMR10 data for collimators 8 mm and 4 mm are 0.74 and 0.73 %, respectively.
Conclusion: In this work successfully implemented an effective method of simulating the Leksell Gamma knife Perfexion system. The presented method does not require modeling for all 192 sources distributed in the conical form of the Perfexion collimator. The simulation was performed for only five sources for each collimator and their files PSF were obtained. These files were used to create the PSF files for other sources by azimuthal redistribution of particles, in these files, by rotation around the Z-axis providing correct calculations of dose distributions in a homogeneous medium for 16, 8 and 4 mm collimators.
Application of the ICRP Database for Calculation of the Dose Coefficient for Aerosol Having Multimodal Particle Size Distribution
Authors: Sukhoruchkin A. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose: Development of a method for calculating radioactive aerosol dose coefficient when the aerosol particle size measurements resulted in a multimodal radionuclide activity distribution by particle diameters.
Material and methods: The physical prerequisite for the proposed method is that the multimodal distribution may be caused by the presence of several sources of aerosols with different particle sizes. In the ICRP database to each value of the aerosol dose coefficient there corresponds one of ten functions of log-normal (unimodal) distribution with specified parameters. In the developed method the result of the aerosol particle size measurement is approximated by the sum of said standard functions with weight factors of each of the functions defined such that the best least squares approximation is obtained. Then the dose coefficient of the aerosol under study is calculated based on the dose value additivity property, i.e. each weight factor is multiplied by a respective value of the dose coefficient from the ICRP database, and the obtained products are added up.
Results: There was carried out a series of numerical experiments, in each of which “experimental” points were simply plotted on a graph of a certain cumulative distribution function. Coordinates of the points are used as input for the programme implementing the developed algorithm. The calculated dose coefficient value is compared with the true value and/or the value obtained with the linear interpolation method using the AMAD.
Conclusion: Physical prerequisites and results of numerical experiments confirm the validity of the developed method.
The Modern Concept of Using Radiation Therapy for Cancer of the Oral Cavity and the Oropharyngeal Area
Authors: Balkanov A. , Е Степанова 
Published: February 2020

In the world, there is a rise of cancer incidence, including cancer of the head and neck. The incidence cancer of the head and neck is 4.8 cases per 100 000 population. Oral and oropharyngeal cancers are the most frequently forms cancer of the head and neck – 4,8–27 % of all cancer with this location. Among the causes of oral and oropharyngeal cancer noted alcohol abuse, tobacco and infection with human papilloma virus (HPV-16). Mortality from oral and oropharyngeal cancer is on 8 rank among patients with all tumors. Now when deciding about treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer is applied a new classification АJCC8th, the main differences from the previous version are the inclusion of data on the depth of tumor invasion and the presence of extranodal growth of lymphogenic metastasis.
The chemoradiotherapy to a total dose 60–74 Gy is the most common treatment used in oral and oropharyngeal cancer. When planning irradiation, both the tumor itself (or its residual component) and lymphogenic metastases or lymph nodes with a high risk of metastatic lesions are included in the target volume. The most commonly used chemotherapy drug is cisplatin. The duration of life of patients is significantly influenced by the stage of the tumor process. So 5-year relapse-free survival among patients with oral cancer is 91 % at T1–2, 83 % – at T3 and 12 % – at T4. During the first 5 years after completion of treatment, the probability of locoregional recurrence in patients with oropharyngeal cancer is much shorter in infected HPV-16 – 28.9 % and 54.9 %, respectively.
The effective multimodal treatment of oral and oropharyngeal cancer can be only if the evaluation of the tumor process under the current classification, comply with the requirements of treatment standards and clinical guidelines as well as take into account the latest achievements of the relevant field of medical science.
Characterization of Activated Charcoal Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensiss Jacq) Shell Waste using SEM and FTIR: Effect of Activation Temperature
Authors: Syidiq Rasyid , Yusran La Ode , Anas Muhammad , Fayanto Suritno 
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the structure of morphology and functional groups from activated charcoal for palm oil waste with variations in activation temperature. The process of two stages: the carbonation and activation stage. Carbonation process using a pyrolysis reactor at a carbonation temperature of 200oC -400oC for 6 hours. Then, the sample activated at a temperature of 700 °C, 750oC, 800oC, and 850 °C. Samples were characterization using SEM and FTIR. SEM analysis results show the largest pore size at a temperature of 850 oC with a diameter of 48.3 nm, and the lowest temperature was 700 °C with a capacity of 35.3 nm. Activated charcoal from oil palm shell waste at mesopore size. Next, FTIR analysis results show wave numbers 2165,18 cm-1, 1554 cm-1, 1030,76 cm-1 dan 424,11 cm-1. The removal of some absorption bands and the formation of new absorption bands, caused by the activation temperature
Nutritional lifestyle patterns and cancer: confounding effect of social determinants across the life course in women from the 1958 British birth cohort study
Authors: Carayol Marion , Albertus Gaelle , Fantin Romain , Lang Thierry , Kelly-Irving Michelle , Grosclaude Pascale , Delpierre Cyrille 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To examine the confounding role of social determinants across the life course in the relationship of nutritional lifestyle patterns with cancer in women.
Methods: In the National Child Development Study, 37 items regarding diet, alcohol and physical activity frequencies were recorded at ages 33 and 42 years. Some 6,169 women were included and 237 women reported cancer diagnosis before age 55 years. Cancer odds ratios (OR) were estimated by logistic regression for the highest versus the lowest tertile of nutritional lifestyle pattern score. Social determinants from birth to adulthood were introduced as potential confounders in logistic models using a life-course approach.
Results: Four nutritional lifestyle patterns were identified: ‘Healthy active’, ‘Drinker’, ‘Sweet tooth’ and ‘Western’. The ‘Drinker’ pattern was significantly associated with increased cancer risk: covariates-adjusted OR = 1.65 (95% CI: 1.17–2.33; p = .004); ptrend = .017 for all cancers combined, and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.06–2.58; p = .03); ptrend = .07 for breast cancer. These associations were attenuated after entering social determinants of birth, childhood and adulthood in the model: covariates and social variables-adjusted OR = 1.54 (95% CI: 1.08–2.18; p = .016); ptrend = .054 for all cancers combined, and 1.50 (95% CI: 0.95–2.38; p = .08); ptrend = .19 for breast cancer. The other patterns were not associated with cancer risk.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates an association between the ‘Drinker’ pattern and midlife cancer in British women. Social determinants across the life course explained a part, though modest, of this association.
Fecal Occult Blood Test for Evaluation of Symptoms or for Diagnostic Testing
Authors: Sokoro AbdulRazaq , Singh Harminder 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This editorial discusses the role of fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in a diagnostic workup. Utility of FOBT in colorectal cancer screening is well documented in multiple clinical trials, although there continues to be a debate (and ongoing trials) on its merit relative to other screening tests. Over the years, FOBT has seen growth in its application for assessment of symptomatic gastrointestinal disease without clear guidelines on its use in this setting. The work of Lee et al. in this edition of the journal synthesizes evidence on diagnostic utility of FOBT and provides additional rationale to stop using FOBTs for symptoms evaluation or for diagnostic testing.
Graduated In/Visibility: Reflections on Ku’er Activism in (Post)Socialist China
Authors: Tian Ian Liujia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Grounded in my activist labor over the past few years, this article delineates the current state of Ku’er (queer)1 politics in (post)socialist China. I contribute to the discussion of GLBTQ politics in a non-Western context by asking questions about the ways in which the power of the state is negotiated by activists.2 I join a conversation with Shirinian about the possibility and the consequences of being seen.3 I begin my reflections with an overview of GLBTQ activism in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, focusing on China where my activist and scholarly work is based. Following a discussion of specific socialist and authoritarian legacies, I argue that queer activism in China has adopted a framework I call “graduated in/visibility” in order to organize and navigate repressive policies. This scheme of visibility affords queer people the ability to mobilize, but it is not without drawbacks. Indeed, in the final section, I consider the purpose and the politics of visibility in relation to what has been called “global neoliberal queering.”4 Further, I ask what the desire for visibility, acceptance, and assimilation mean in the context of an authoritarian capitalist regime. My intention is not to brand China as “bad capitalism” or a “backward society,”5 nor am I embarking on a detailed political analysis of the Chinese Communist Party and its sexual politics after the opening the country. Rather, I attempt to highlight the importance of activist knowledge in the context of emerging studies of Third World sexuality,6 which is unfortunately shaped by the coloniality of power, global capitalism, and imperialism.7
RESÍDUO DE CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL EM PARACATU (MG): ANÁLISES DO SISTEMA DE GERENCIAMENTO E ESTIMATIVAS DE GERAÇÃO
Authors: Martins Davi Figueiredo , Melo Nágela Aparecida de 
Published: February 2020

O gerenciamento eficiente dos resíduos sólidos de construção civil e demolição (RCD) é um desafio para as administrações públicas e demais agentes envolvidos. Os RCD integram importante parcela dos resíduos sólidos gerados no ambiente urbano e possuem significativo potencial de degradação ambiental, se não tratados de maneira adequada. Considerando isso, realizou-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de analisar o sistema de gerenciamento de RCD da cidade de Paracatu (MG). Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas e de campo. Como resultado da avaliação qualitativa do sistema de gerenciamento de RCD de Paracatu, destaca-se a sua fragilidade, o baixo controle por parte do poder público e a ausência leis municipais e de dados. Visto que não existia registro da produção de RCD na cidade em estudo, estabeleceram-se quantificações a partir de informações que foram levantadas nesta pesquisa e por meio de métodos indiretos. Dessa forma, estimou-se para Paracatu: a taxa de geração de RCD de 0,34 t/habitante por ano; que a área de aterramento municipal de RCD esteja recebendo em média 120 t de RCD por dia de operação; e que, em 2017, tenham sido aterradas cerca de 31.748,28 t de RCD na área de disposição do município.