bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of a self-made modular elastic compression device for patients with a fracture of the tibia and fibula
Authors: Zeng Lingyuan , Wang Yongrong , He Dongdong , He Yao , Wang Yuze , Wei Xiaochun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the effectiveness of a self-made modular elastic compression device for patients with a fracture of the tibia and fibula.

Methods
Fifty-nine healthy adult patients with a unilateral fracture of the tibia and fibula were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was given the self-made combined elastic compression device for the compression treatment of the affected limbs after the operation. The main endpoints included the convenience, safety, and effectiveness of the self-made modular elastic compression device for patients with a fracture of the tibia and fibula.

Results
There were 29 cases in the experimental group and 30 cases in the control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the general data: age, gender, fracture site, and cause of injury. The preoperative swelling elimination time was 3.3 ± 1.2 days, and the postoperative swelling elimination time was 3.1 ± 1.4 days in the experimental group; the preoperative swelling elimination time was 6.3 ± 1.2 days, and the postoperative swelling elimination time was 7.3 ± 1.2 days in the control group. The preoperative and postoperative swelling degree in the experimental group was shorter than those in the control group. The difference in the postoperative detumescence time between the experimental group (3.1 ± 1.4 days) and the control group (7.3 ± 1.2 days) was significant, and the total hospital stay was 8.1 ± 1.5 days in the experimental group and 13 ± 2.5 days in the control group with a statistical significance of P < 0.05. The change of discharge hemoglobin volume (11.2 ± 6.5 g/L) of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (3.5 ± 1.2 days), the total drainage volume was 260 ± 50 ml, and the change of admission and discharge hemoglobin volume was 30.3 ± 10.4 g/L. Specifically, although the difference in the average hospital stay between the two groups was statistically significant, the difference was only 1 day, and the clinical difference was not significant. However, in the change of the cumulative drainage volume and hemoglobin volume, the experimental group that was given compression therapy was significantly lower than the control group with a statistical significance (P < 0.05). The pressure injury (4 cases) in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (8 cases) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
A modular combined elastic compression device in patients with a tibial and fibular fracture can significantly accelerate a patient’s rehabilitation, shorten the hospital stay, reduce blood loss, relieve the patient’s pain, and relieve the patient’s social-economic burden during recovery.
Evidence for ligninolytic activity of the ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina
Authors: van Erven Gijs , Kleijn Anne F. , Patyshakuliyeva Aleksandrina , Di Falco Marcos , Tsang Adrian , de Vries Ronald P. , van Berkel Willem J. H. , Kabel Mirjam A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The ascomycete fungus Podospora anserina has been appreciated for its targeted carbohydrate-active enzymatic arsenal. As a late colonizer of herbivorous dung, the fungus acts specifically on the more recalcitrant fraction of lignocellulose and this lignin-rich biotope might have resulted in the evolution of ligninolytic activities. However, the lignin-degrading abilities of the fungus have not been demonstrated by chemical analyses at the molecular level and are, thus far, solely based on genome and secretome predictions. To evaluate whether P. anserina might provide a novel source of lignin-active enzymes to tap into for potential biotechnological applications, we comprehensively mapped wheat straw lignin during fungal growth and characterized the fungal secretome.

Results
Quantitative 13C lignin internal standard py-GC–MS analysis showed substantial lignin removal during the 7 days of fungal growth (24% w/w), though carbohydrates were preferably targeted (58% w/w removal). Structural characterization of residual lignin by using py-GC–MS and HSQC NMR analyses demonstrated that Cα-oxidized substructures significantly increased through fungal action, while intact β-O-4′ aryl ether linkages, p-coumarate and ferulate moieties decreased, albeit to lesser extents than observed for the action of basidiomycetes. Proteomic analysis indicated that the presence of lignin induced considerable changes in the secretome of P. anserina. This was particularly reflected in a strong reduction of cellulases and galactomannanases, while H2O2-producing enzymes clearly increased. The latter enzymes, together with laccases, were likely involved in the observed ligninolysis.

Conclusions
For the first time, we provide unambiguous evidence for the ligninolytic activity of the ascomycete fungus P. anserina and expand the view on its enzymatic repertoire beyond carbohydrate degradation. Our results can be of significance for the development of biological lignin conversion technologies by contributing to the quest for novel lignin-active enzymes and organisms.
Characterisation of extraembryonic endoderm-like cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts induced using chemicals alone
Authors: He Xia , Chi Guangfan , Li Meiying , Xu Jinying , Zhang Lihong , Song Yaolin , Wang Lina , Li Yulin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The development of somatic reprogramming, especially purely chemical reprogramming, has significantly advanced biological research. And chemical-induced extraembryonic endoderm-like (ciXEN) cells have been confirmed to be an indispensable intermediate stage of chemical reprogramming. They resemble extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells in terms of transcriptome, reprogramming potential, and developmental ability in vivo. However, the other characteristics of ciXEN cells and the effects of chemicals and bFGF on the in vitro culture of ciXEN cells have not been systematically reported.

Methods
Chemicals and bFGF in combination with Matrigel were used to induce the generation of ciXEN cells derived from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). RNA sequencing was utilised to examine the transcriptome of ciXEN cells, and PCR/qPCR assays were performed to evaluate the mRNA levels of the genes involved in this study. Hepatic functions were investigated by periodic acid-Schiff staining and indocyanine green assay. Lactate production, ATP detection, and extracellular metabolic flux analysis were used to analyse the energy metabolism of ciXEN cells.

Results
ciXEN cells expressed XEN-related genes, exhibited high proliferative capacity, had the ability to differentiate into visceral endoderm in vitro, and possessed the plasticity allowing for their differentiation into induced hepatocytes (iHeps). Additionally, the upregulated biological processes of ciXEN cells compared to those in MEFs focused on metabolism, but their energy production was independent of glycolysis. Furthermore, without the cocktail of chemicals and bFGF, which are indispensable for the generation of ciXEN cells, induced XEN (iXEN) cells remained the expression of XEN markers, the high proliferative capacity, and the plasticity to differentiate into iHeps in vitro.

Conclusions
ciXEN cells had high plasticity, and energy metabolism was reconstructed during chemical reprogramming, but it did not change from aerobic oxidation to glycolysis. And the cocktail of chemicals and bFGF were non-essential for the in vitro culture of ciXEN cells.
Enhancing the therapeutic effects of in vitro targeted radionuclide therapy of 3D multicellular tumor spheroids using the novel stapled MDM2/X-p53 antagonist PM2
Authors: Mortensen Anja C. L. , Morin Eric , Brown Christopher J. , Lane David P. , Nestor Marika 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Precision therapeutics continuously make advances in cancer therapy, and a field of growing interest is the combination of targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) with potential radiosensitizing agents. This study evaluated whether the effects of in vitro TRNT, using the 177Lu-labeled anti-CD44v6 antibody AbN44v6, were potentiated by the novel stapled MDM2/X-p53 antagonist PM2.

Materials and methods
Two wt p53 cell lines, HCT116 (colorectal carcinoma) and UM-SCC-74B (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma), expressing different levels of the target antigen, CD44v6, were used. Antigen-specific binding of 177Lu-AbN44v6 was initially verified in a 2D cell assay, after which the potential effects of unlabeled AbN44v6 on downstream phosphorylation of Erk1/2 were evaluated by western blotting. Further, the therapeutic effects of unlabeled AbN44v6, 177Lu-AbN44v6, PM2, or a combination (labeled/unlabeled AbN44v6 +/− PM2) were assessed in 3D multicellular tumor spheroid assays.

Results
Radiolabeled antibody bound specifically to CD44v6 on both cell lines. Unlabeled AbN44v6 binding did not induce downstream phosphorylation of Erk1/2 at any of the concentrations tested, and repeated treatments with the unlabeled antibody did not result in any spheroid growth inhibition. 177Lu-AbN44v6 impaired spheroid growth in a dose-dependent and antigen-dependent manner. A single modality treatment with 20 μM of PM2 significantly impaired spheroid growth in both spheroid models. Furthermore, the combination of TRNT and PM2-based therapy proved significantly more potent than either monotherapy. In HCT116 spheroids, this resulted in a two- and threefold spheroid growth rate decrease for the combination of PM2 and 100 kBq 177Lu-AbN44v6 compared to monotherapies 14-day post treatment. In UM-SCC-74B spheroids, the combination therapy resulted in a reduction in spheroid size compared to the initial spheroid size 10-day post treatment.

Conclusion
TRNT using 177Lu-AbN44v6 proved efficient in stalling spheroid growth in a dose-dependent and antigen-dependent manner, and PM2 treatment demonstrated a growth inhibitory effect as a monotherapy. Moreover, by combining TRNT with PM2-based therapy, therapeutic effects of TRNT were potentiated in a 3D multicellular tumor spheroid model. This proof-of-concept study exemplifies the strength and possibility of combining TRNT targeting CD44v6 with PM2-based therapy.
Effect of Aso limonite on anaerobic digestion of waste sewage sludge
Authors: Mustapha Nurul Asyifah , Toya Shotaro , Maeda Toshinari 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effect of Aso volcanic limonite was explored in anaerobic digestion using waste sewage sludge (WSS). In this study, methane and hydrogen sulfide were remarkably inhibited when Aso limonite was mixed with WSS as well as a significant reduction of ammonia. Although pH was lowered after adding Aso limonite, methane was still inhibited in neutralized pH condition at 7.0. Hydrolysis stage was not influenced by Aso limonite as supported by the result that a high protease activity was still detected in the presence of the material. However, acidogenesis stage was affected by Aso limonite as indicated by the different productions of organic acids. Acetic acid, was accumulated in the presence of Aso limonite due to the inhibition of methane production, except in the highest concentration of Aso limonite which the production of acetate may be inhibited. Besides, the production of propionate and butyrate reduced in accordance to the increased concentration of Aso limonite. In addition, Archaeal activity (methanogens) in WSS with Aso limonite was low in agreement with the low methane production. Thus, these results indicate that Aso limonite influences the acidogenesis and methanogenesis processes, by which the productions of methane and ammonia were inhibited. On the other hand, in the contactless of Aso limonite during the anaerobic digestion of WSS (Aso limonite was placed in the area of headspace in the vial), Aso limonite had the adsorptive ability for hydrogen sulfide from WSS, but not for methane. This contactless system of Aso limonite may be a practical means to remove hydrogen sulfide without inhibiting methane production as an important bioenergy source.
SEA-MAKE score as a tool for predicting major adverse kidney events in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: results from the SEA-AKI study
Authors: Sukmark Theerapon , Lumlertgul Nuttha , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Tungsanga Kriang , Eiam-Ong Somchai , Srisawat Nattachai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in critically ill patients and associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Recently, Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE) were introduced as important kidney endpoints. If these endpoints can be predicted, then it may help the physicians to identify high-risk patients and provide the opportunity to have targeted preventive therapy. The objective of this study was to create a simplified scoring system to predict MAKE within 28 days among AKI patients in ICU.

Methods
This is a prospective web-based multicenter cohort study that was conducted in adults who were admitted to the ICU in 17 centers across Thailand from 2013 to 2015. A predicting score was derived from the regression equation with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate the diagnostic test and produce predictive models. Internal validation was obtained using the bootstrapping method.

Results
From 5071 cases, 2856 (56%) had AKI. Among those with AKI, 1749 (61%) had MAKE. Among those that have MAKE, there were 1175 (41.4%) deaths, 414 (14.4%) were on dialysis and 1154 (40.7%) had non-recovery renal function. The simplified score points of low Glasgow coma scale was 3, tachypnea was 1, vasopressor use was 1, on mechanical ventilation was 2, oliguria was 2, serum creatinine rising ≥ 3 times was 5, high blood urea nitrogen was 3, low hematocrit was 2, and thrombocytopenia was 1. The area under ROC curve for optimism corrected performance was 0.80 (0.78, 0.81). When the cut-off value was 7, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and positive predictive values were 0.75, 0.76, 3.10, and 0.84, respectively. When the scoring system was calibrated, the α intercept and β slope were 1.001 and 0, respectively.

Conclusions
SEA-MAKE scoring system is a new simplified clinical tool that can be used to predict major adverse kidney events in AKI patients. The simplicity of the scoring system is highly likely to be used in resource-limited settings. However, external validation is necessary before widespread use.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of telehealth in rural and remote emergency departments: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Tsou Christina , Robinson Suzanne , Boyd James , Jamieson Andrew , Blakeman Robert , Bosich Kylie , Yeung Justin , Waters Stephanie , Hendrie Delia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Emergency telehealth has been used to improve accessibility of rural and remote patients to specialist care. Evidence to date has demonstrated effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of telehealth in rural and remote emergency departments within a variety of contexts. However, systematic reviews to date have not focused on the rural and remote emergency departments. The purpose of this study is to review the outcome measures used in evaluations of emergency telehealth in rural and remote settings and assess evidence relating to their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.

Methods
Randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials, and full and partial economic evaluations (e.g. cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, and cost-utility analyses) of telehealth in rural and remote emergency departments will be included. Comprehensive literature searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases (from 1990 onwards): MEDLINE (Ovid), Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest, EconLit, CRD databases (e.g. NHS Economic Evaluation database), and Tufts Cost-Effectiveness Registry. Two authors will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using an appropriate tool. A systematic narrative synthesis will be provided with information presented in the text and tables to summarise and explain the characteristics and findings of the studies. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis.

Discussion
This review will identify gaps in the current body of evidence relating to the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of rural and remote emergency telehealth services. By confining to articles written in the English language, this analysis may be subjected to publication bias and results need to be interpreted accordingly. We believe the results of this review could be valuable for the design of future economic evaluations of emergency telehealth services implemented in the rural and remote context.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42019145903
Arithmetic properties derived from coefficients of certain eta quotients
Authors: Hwang Jihyun , Li Yan , Kim Daeyeoul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor a positive integer k, let $$ F (q)^{k}:= \prod_{n \geq 1} \frac{(1-q^{n})^{4k}}{(1+q^{2n})^{2k}} = \sum_{n\geq 0} \frak{a}_{k} (n)q^{n} $$F(q)k:=∏n≥1(1−qn)4k(1+q2n)2k=∑n≥0ak(n)qn be the eta quotients. The coefficients $\frak{a}_{1} (n)$a1(n) can be interpreted as a certain kind of restricted divisor sums. In this paper, we give the signs and modulo values for $\frak{a}_{1} (n)$a1(n) and $\frak{a}_{2} (m)$a2(m) and calculate several convolution sums involving $\frak{a}_{k} (n)$ak(n).
Innovations in maternal and child health: case studies from Uganda
Authors: Awor Phyllis , Nabiryo Maxencia , Manderson Lenore 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Nearly 300 children and 20 mothers die from preventable causes daily, in Uganda. Communities often identify and introduce pragmatic and lasting solutions to such challenging health problems. However, little is known of these solutions beyond their immediate surroundings. If local and pragmatic innovations were scaled-up, they could contribute to better health outcomes for larger populations. In 2017 an open call was made for local examples of community-based solutions that contribute to improving maternal and child health in Uganda. In this article, we describe three top innovative community-based solutions and their contributions to maternal health.

Main text
In this study, all innovations were implemented by non-government entities. Two case studies highlight the importance of bringing reproductive health and maternal delivery services closer to populations, through providing accessible shelters and maternity waiting homes in isolated areas. The third case study focuses on bringing obstetric imaging services to lower level rural health facilities, which usually do not provide this service, through task-shifting certain sonography services to midwives. Various health system and policy relevant lessons are highlighted.

Conclusions
The described case studies show how delays in access to health care by pregnant women in rural communities can be systematically removed, to improve pregnancy and delivery outcomes. Emphasis should be put on identification, capacity building and research to support the scale up of these community-based health solutions.
Validation of the English version of the Mood Rhythm Instrument
Authors: Oliveira Melissa A. B. , Epifano Kristina , Mathur Salina , Carvalho Felipe Gutiérrez , Scop Marina , Carissimi Alicia , Francisco Ana Paula , Garay Luciene L. S. , Adan Ana , Hidalgo Maria Paz , Frey Benicio N. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Disruption of biological rhythms has been linked to the pathophysiology of mental disorders. However, little is known regarding the rhythmicity of mood symptoms due to the lack of validated clinical questionnaires. A better understanding of the rhythmicity of mood symptoms can help identifying individuals whose severity of mood symptoms follows an altered circadian rhythm. The objective of this study was to validate the English version of the Mood Rhythm Instrument (MRhI), a self-reported measure of self-perceived rhythmicity of mood symptoms and behaviours, in a sample of the general population from Canada.

Methods
After the translation process, the final English version of the Mood Rhythm Instrument (MRhI-English) was applied on participants recruited at McMaster University and St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton campuses. Individuals were also asked to answer the Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ).

Results
Four hundred one individuals completed the English version of the MRhI and the rMEQ. The MRhI-English presented a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.75. The factorial analysis grouped the MRhI-15 items in 3 factors (cognitive, affective and somatic), with affective items having a lower frequency of self-reported 24-h peaks. Comparison between sexes showed that women reported a higher frequency of daily peaks in irritability, anxiety, sadness and talking to friends, while men exhibited peaks more frequently in problem-solving, sexual arousal and motivation to exercise.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the English version of the MRhI displayed good internal consistency. Future directions will include the use of the MRhI instrument in individuals with mood disorders, aiming to provide a better understanding of the relationship between daily patterns of mood variability and mental health outcomes.
TBL1XR1 mutation predicts poor outcome in primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients
Authors: Wang Xinfeng , Xu Xiaoyu , Cai Wenzhi , Bao Haiyan , Huang Hongming , Liu Yifei , Yang Xi , Ruan Changgeng , Wu Depei , Shen Hongjie , Chen Suning 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrimary testicular lymphoma (PTL), often appearing as focal masses in the scrotum and epididymides, is the most frequent testicular tumor in aged men. Although MYD88 and CD79B mutations were the most common genetic alterations observed, the gene mutation landscape of PTL remains poorly defined. In this study, we identified 1326 mutations involving 311 genes or regions in 90 PTL patients through next-generation sequencing (NGS). PTL patients with the TBL1XR1 mutation, irrespective of treatment therapy, had an inferior overall survival (OS) than TBL1XR1 WT (wild type) patients (p = 0.045). Moreover, patients with this mutation, treated with a CHOP regimen (CTX 750 mg/m2 iv, d1,8 ADM 50 mg/m2 iv, d1 VCR 1.4 mg/m2 iv, d1 PDN 100 mg/m2 po d1–5), had a poorer OS (p = 0.019). In addition, such patients were prone to have a more intensive infiltration of tumors (p = 0.025, x2 = 4.890). Thus, we speculated that patients with a TBL1XR1 mutation have poorer prognosis, partly due to greater invasion and infiltration of tumors. Our results suggest that the TBL1XR1 mutation can be used as an indicator to predict the prognosis of PTL and can be employed as a promising new target for treatment of PTL in the future.