bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of the novel proximal superficial femoral artery puncture technique to recanalize chronic total occlusions
Authors: Fukagawa Tomoya , Mori Shinsuke , Hirano Keisuke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChronic total occlusion (CTO) of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) with flush occlusion is sometimes difficult to be treated by endovascular treatment (EVT). The guidewire could not pass the proximal cap because the entry of the CTO could not be detected by angiography. Thus, a retrograde approach is considered; however, there was a risk of jeopardizing the adjacent deep femoral artery by subintimal angioplasty. Moreover, the retrograde approach is not feasible when the distal artery could not be punctured because of stenosis, occlusion, or uncomfortable positioning for patients during EVT. Therefore, we considered a novel technique to overcome this problem, called the Proximal superficial femoral Artery Puncture to RecanalIze the Chronic totAl occlusion (PAPRICA) technique. In this technique, to establish wire externalization, a retrograde puncture was performed from the proximal site of the SFA‐CTO under ultrasound guidance, and the guidewire was advanced retrogradely from the puncture needle via the CTO site. After wire externalization, the guide catheter could be advanced into the SFA ostium. By pulling up the externalization wire, a strong backup and improved coaxial alignment of the guide catheter were achieved. This report presents two successful cases of flush SFA‐CTO using this novel technique.
Influence of Surface Formate Species on Methane Selectivity for Carbon Dioxide Methanation over Nickel Hydroxyapatite Catalyst
Authors: Wai Ming Hui , Ashok Jangam , Dewangan Nikita , Das Sonali , Xi Shibo , Borgna Armando , Kawi Sibudjing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAbsence of mechanistic understanding of carbon dioxide (CO2) methanation reaction on nickel hydroxyapatite (NiHAP) and the nature of nickel chemical state hampers the enhancement of catalytic activity and selectivity for such material. A varying amount of oleic acid (OA) addition on NiHAP is found to have a strong influence on the chemical state of nickel as evidenced from x‐ray spectroscopy (XPS) and x‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The chemical state of nickel influences the amount of surface intermediate species which affects methane formation as observed in infra‐red spectroscopy. This suggests that varying amount of OA can influence the chemical state of nickel which is important in influencing the type of reaction intermediates on the NiHAP surface. Langmuir‐Hinshelwood model is validated for proposed reaction mechanism for the better performing catalyst. The findings reported here is useful for designing a hydroxyapatite‐based catalyst for CO2 utilization.
Recent Advances in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Indium‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Li Jiayu , Zhu Minghui , Han Yi‐Fan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) is a promising solution to mitigate the ever‐increasing global carbon emission. Indium‐based catalysts have been extensively studied for catalyzing the production of formate, CO, and even multi‐carbon molecules from CO2. Rational design of the catalyst, however, is urgently needed to further improve the activity, selectivity, and stability for the sake of commercialization. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed recent progresses on the indium based CO2RR catalysts. Specifically, aspects regarding the nature of active sites, reaction mechanism, and the impact of operating conditions are overviewed. The reported indium‐based monometallic and bimetallic catalysts in the literature are summarized, as well. Future directions should be focused on the understanding of catalyst system during the reaction and under industrial‐relevant conditions.
Structure, Properties, and Electrochemical Sensing Applications of Graphene‐Based Materials
Authors: da Silva Alexsandra D. , Paschoalino Waldemir J. , Damasceno João Paulo V. , Kubota Lauro T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOwing to their versatility and unique characteristics, graphene‐based materials have been used extensively for the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. The key to the maximum potential of these materials is the understanding of the role their structure plays in their modification processes. Herein, we summarize some structural characteristics of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and explore different surface modification methods for electrochemical sensing applications. surveyed the most recent applications of these materials as (bio)sensors, particularly for environmental monitoring and health‐related applications, such as quantification of biomarkers and metabolites and detection of cancer cells. The low detection limits, selectivity toward target molecules, and robustness of GO‐ and rGO‐based electrodes render them critical materials for the preparation of sensors for routine analysis and monitoring.
Electrochemical Characterisation of Co@Co(OH)2 Core‐Shell Nanoparticles and their Aggregation in Solution
Authors: Xie Ruo‐Chen , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Rauwel Erwan , Rauwel Protima , Compton Richard G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCore‐shell Co@Co(OH)2 nanoparticles are characterised electrochemically with particular focus on the thin shell of cobalt (II) hydroxide which stabilises the metallic cobalt core against further oxidation in the presence of air. Voltammetric characterisation allows insights into the nature of the shell so both complementing and providing information unavailable using electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, the electrode reactions, occurring at particle ensembles, of the further oxidation of surface Co(OH)2 to CoOOH under alkaline conditions are further evidenced at the single particle level using electrochemical particle‐electrode impacts (or ‘nano‐impacts’). On this basis, the large extent of particle agglomeration/aggregation of Co@Co(OH)2 nanoparticles while suspended in the solutions is inferred.
Purified Butanol from Lignocellulose – Solvent‐Impregnated Resins for an Integrated Selective Removal
Authors: Tippkötter Nils , Roth Jasmine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn traditional microbial biobutanol production, the solvent must be recovered during fermentation process for a sufficient space‐time yield. Thermal separation is not feasible due to the boiling point of n‐butanol. As an integrated and selective solid‐liquid separation alternative, solvent impregnated resins (SIRs) were applied. Two polymeric resins were evaluated and an extractant screening was conducted. Vacuum application with vapor collection in fixed‐bed column as bioreactor bypass was successfully implemented as butanol desorption step. In course of further increasing process economics, fermentation with renewable lignocellulosic substrates was conducted using Clostridium acetobutylicum. Utilization of SIR was shown to be a potential strategy for solvent removal from fermentation broth, while application of a bypass column allows for product removal and recovery at once.
Service evaluation through FH‐entropy method: A framework for the elderly care station
Authors: Li Aihua , Wang Diwen , Zhu Meihong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe elderly care station is a new concept, which is the terminal service institution of the home‐based elderly care system in Beijing. Because its supervision of service quality (SQ) is not standardized and its current subsidy is irrelevant to SQ, this paper provides a framework for an evaluation system of the elderly care station. An SQ evaluation index system for the elderly care station is designed according to the service and construction standards. A fuzzy hierarchical entropy method is then used to identify the weights such that the calculation steps are reduced and the decision‐making process is more objective. Based on that, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established. For integrating the SQ and service quantity provided by stations, a quality‐quantity quadrant model is proposed, which is used to discover the stations or operators with adequate SQ and service quantity to subsidy and the inadequate to give priority attention and rectification by quantifying and visualizing the service situation of all stations and their operators. Meanwhile, we conduct an empirical analysis by using the data of one station.
Visible‐Light Photoredox‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Carboxylation of Cyclic Oxime Esters with CO2
Authors: Jiang Yuan‐Xu , Chen Liang , Ran Chuan‐Kun , Song Lei , Zhang Wei , Liao Li‐Li , Yu Da‐Gang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe carboxylation of cyclic oxime esters with carbon dioxide via visible‐light photoredox catalysis is demonstrated for the first time. A variety of cyclic oxime esters undergo ring‐opening C−C bond cleavage and carboxylation to give cyanoalkyl‐containing carboxylic acids in moderate to good yields. Moreover, this methodology features mild reaction conditions (room temperature, 1 atm), wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance as well as facile derivations of products. Mechanistic studies indicate that the benzylic radicals and anions might be the key intermediates.
FNA diagnostics of secondary malignancies in the salivary gland: Bi‐institutional experience of 36 cases
Authors: Horáková Markéta , Porre Sinikka , Tommola Satu , Baněčková Martina , Skálová Alena , Kholová Ivana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a key diagnostic method in the evaluation of salivary gland lesions. Secondary tumors of salivary glands represent only 5% of all malignancies of major salivary glands. The goal of our study was to examine the cytological and clinical features of secondary tumors sampled by FNA.Materials and MethodsA series of 36 secondary tumors from the pathology departments of two university hospitals are presented. Clinical referrals to FNA, cytological features, immunohistochemical results, and histopathological diagnoses were reviewed in all cases.ResultsThe study population consisted of 36 cases (19 males and 17 females) with mean age 70.9 ± 13.0 years (range 41‐96 years). The most common site of the metastasis was parotid gland (n = 26). The primary malignancy was known in 17 cases at the time of FNA diagnosis. The most common primary site was skin of head and neck area (11 cases) followed by lungs (n = 5) and tonsils (n = 5), kidney (n = 2) and breast (n = 2) and thyroid gland, gastrointestinal tract and soft tissue, 1 case of each. In 8 cases, the primary site remained unknown. The diagnostic or confirmatory immunocytochemistry was performed on cell blocks in 21 cases.ConclusionsFNA is a reliable technique in the diagnosis of salivary gland secondary malignancies. The knowledge of the personal history of malignancy is essential for the successful immunocytochemical targeted diagnosis without any delay.
Accuracy of the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama system of breast cytology reporting for fine needle aspiration biopsy of the breast in a dedicated breast care setting
Authors: Agarwal Akansha , Singh Divya , Mehan Anoushika , Paul Pranoy , Puri Neeti , Gupta Priyanka , Syed Anjum , Rao Shalinee , Chowdhury Nilotpal , Ravi Bina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama system is a recently proposed system for reporting breast cytology by fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). Multiple studies are needed to confirm the risk of malignancy (ROM) of the various reporting categories of this system. The present article studies the accuracy of the IAC Yokohama system in our center.MethodsOver a period of 1 year (September 2018‐August 2019), all cases of breast masses assessed by FNAB and histological correlation were studied retrospectively. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) and overall accuracy of the IAC Yokohama system for diagnosing malignancy were assessed. The rates of malignancy (ROM) of each diagnostic category were also estimated.ResultsThree hundred and twenty‐one FNABs had cyto‐histological correlation. The percent sensitivity (with 95% Confidence Intervals) when the atypical, suspicious of malignancy and the malignant categories were regarded as positive for malignancy were 98.2% [95.5%, 99.5%], 96.0% [92.5%, 98.2%], and 86.7% [81.5%, 90.8%] respectively. The percent specificity (with 95% Confidence intervals) for the same categories in the same order were 59.5% [47.4%, 70.7%], 91.9% [83.2%, 97.0%], and 100% [95.1%, 100%] respectively. The area under curve (AUC) for diagnosing malignancy was 0.981[0.963, 0.993]. The ROM for the benign, atypical, suspicious of malignancy and malignant category were 8.3% [2.3%, 20.0%], 17.2% [5.8%, 35.8%], 77.8% [57.7%, 91.4%], and 100% [98.1%, 100%] respectively.ConclusionThe IAC Yokohama system is suitable for accurately reporting breast lesions on FNAB.
Quality of life of patients with keloid at the Regional Dermatology Training Centre, Northern Tanzania
Authors: Hassan Hafidh S. , Masenga Elisante J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundKeloids are reported to be amongst the common conditions seen in the pigmented skin of African origin with an estimate of about 15 times more compared with other races. They seldom resolve spontaneously, have a poor response to treatment and pose enormous impact on quality of life (QoL) in affected individuals. Aesthetic discomfort, depression, low self‐esteem and some degree of isolation increase the burden of the disease.MethodsThis hospital‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Regional Dermatology Training Centre in Northern Tanzania. A total of 117 patients with keloid older than 18 years attended the skin clinic from October 2017 to April 2018. Data were collected using disease‐specific structured questionnaire and all were assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) Questionnaire.ResultsThe mean DLQI for this population was 8.3 ± 7.4 reflecting a moderate impairment. The QoL seemed to be influenced by the number of keloids, duration of disease and the presence of symptoms. It was mainly seen in young adults with a median age of 29 years (range: 18–88 years). There was no significant sex predilection. Trauma as an inciting event was reported in 42%.ConclusionKeloid patients with pigmented skin of African descent in Northern Tanzania have a moderate impairment in the QoL.
Detecting changes in statistical indicators of resilience prior to algal blooms in shallow eutrophic lakes
Authors: Ortiz David , Palmer Jason , Wilkinson Grace 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlgal blooms in lakes and reservoirs can be considered regime shifts from a clear‐water to algae‐dominated state that often occurs abruptly. Under experimental conditions, these regime shifts have been predicted from rises in variance and autocorrelation (generic resilience indicators) of state variables monitored at a high frequency. The goal of this study was to evaluate the behavior of resilience indicators prior to a critical transition in lakes that naturally experience algal blooms. Ambient lake conditions provide several potential hurdles that could inhibit the detection of meaningful changes in resilience indicators prior to a critical transition such as stochastic nutrient loading, spatial complexity, and decreased resilience due to higher baseline nutrient concentrations. We compiled five lake‐years of high‐frequency monitoring of chlorophyll a, phycocyanin, dissolved oxygen, and pH from four hypereutrophic lakes. Despite the factors that might hinder detecting statistical indicators of changing resilience in hypereutrophic ecosystems, we found that a rise in resilience indicators did occur prior to a critical transition in three out of four possible lake‐years, with rise beginning between 5 and 33 d prior. In one lake‐year, a critical transition occurred soon after the monitoring began, preventing detection of rising variance or autocorrelation signals which are calculated using a 21‐d rolling window. These results add to the growing body of evidence that rises in resilience indicators can be detected in ecosystems prior to a regime shift if monitoring programs are properly designed to capture the dynamics; however, continued research is needed to better understand the conditions under which resilience indicators may be useful as an early warning detection tool for lake management.
Can oceanic prey effects on growth and time to fledging mediate terrestrial predator limitation of an at‐risk seabird?
Authors: Knudson Timothy W. , Lovvorn James R. , Lawonn M. James , Corcoran Robin M. , Roby Daniel D. , Piatt John F. , Pyle William H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMost seabird species nest colonially on cliffs or islands with limited terrestrial predation, so that oceanic effects on the quality or quantity of prey fed to chicks more often determine nest success. However, when predator access increases, impacts can be dramatic, especially when exposure to predators is extended due to slow growth from inadequate food. Kittlitz’s Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris), a rare seabird having experienced serious declines, nests solitarily on the ground in barren, often alpine areas where exposure to predators is generally low. Nestling growth rates are exceptionally high and nestling periods very short relative to other Alcidae. This strategy reduces duration of exposure to predators, but demands adequate deliveries of high‐energy prey. In an area where foxes can access nests, we investigated whether varying energy content of prey fed to chicks could alter growth rates and resulting duration of predator exposure, and whether prolonged exposure appreciably reduced nest success. From 2009 to 2016, we monitored 139 nests; 49% were depredated (almost all by foxes) and 25% fledged. Prey fed to nestlings were 80% Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) and 19% capelin (Mallotus villosus), with capelin having 2.3× higher energy content per fish. In a year of slow chick growth, increased sand lance energy density of 31% (4.29–5.64 kJ/g, within published values), or increased proportion of capelin in the diet from 5.6% to 27.2%, would have allowed maximum chick growth. Maximum growth rates were attainable by delivering only 1.9 capelin/d versus 5.5 sand lance/d. Slow growth increased time to fledging by up to 5 d, decreasing survival by 7.7% (0.142–0.131). Breeding propensity of Kittlitz’s Murrelet averages only 20%, so even small changes in nest success could affect populations. Although nest success was limited mainly by predation, oceanic effects on prey quantity and quality had overriding impacts in one year (2015 heat wave), and small but substantive effects in other years by mediating exposure to predation. Climate warming that decreases availability of high‐energy forage fish, or increases expansion of predators into nesting habitats, may disproportionately affect this sensitive species and others with predator‐accessible nests and demands for energy‐rich prey.
CE‐MS for metabolomics: Developments and applications in the period 2018–2020
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ramautar Rawi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) is now a mature analytical technique in metabolomics, notably for the efficient profiling of polar and charged metabolites. Over the past few years, (further) progress has been made in the design of improved interfacing techniques for coupling CE to MS; also, in the development of CE‐MS approaches for profiling metabolites in volume‐restricted samples, and in strategies that further enhance the metabolic coverage. In this article, which is a follow‐up of a previous review article covering the years 2016–2018 (Electrophoresis 2019, 40, 165–179), the main (technological) developments in CE‐MS methods and strategies for metabolomics are discussed covering the literature from July 2018 to June 2020. Representative examples highlight the utility of CE‐MS in the fields of biomedical, clinical, microbial, plant and food metabolomics. A complete overview of recent CE‐MS‐based metabolomics studies is given in a table, which provides information on sample type and pretreatment, capillary coatings, and MS detection mode. Finally, some general conclusions and perspectives are given.
An integrated performance‐based design framework for building‐foundation systems
Authors: Millen Maxim D. L. , Pampanin Stefano , Cubrinovski Misko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a framework for the inclusion of transient and residual foundation deformations within performance‐based seismic design of buildings. A refinement of existing displacement‐based design procedures is proposed that reduces iteration when obtaining the expected peak foundation rotation. Empirical equations are developed based on numerical time‐history analyses that provide an estimation of foundation residual deformations based on the foundation peak rotation. Additional complexities due to deformation within the foundation are discussed regarding how they influence the design and building performance. The design framework is complemented by a simplified analytical design procedure (i.e., hand calculations) to design building‐foundation systems. A design example is given for a six‐storey concrete wall building, which is analyzed by time‐history analysis to demonstrate the application and accuracy of the design procedure.
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Toxicity and Human Health Review: Current State of Knowledge and Strategies for Informing Future Research
Authors: Fenton Suzanne E. , Ducatman Alan , Boobis Alan , DeWitt Jamie C. , Lau Christopher , Ng Carla , Smith James S. , Roberts Stephen M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Reports of environmental and human health impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have greatly increased in the peer-reviewed literature. The goals of the present review are to assess the state of the science regarding toxicological effects of PFAS and to develop strategies for advancing knowledge on the health effects of this large family of chemicals. Currently, much of the toxicity data available for PFAS are for a handful of chemicals, primarily legacy PFAS such as perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate. Epidemiological studies have revealed associations between exposure to specific PFAS and a variety of health effects, including altered immune and thyroid function, liver disease, lipid and insulin dysregulation, kidney disease, adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes, and cancer. Concordance with experimental animal data exists for many of these effects. However, information on modes of action and adverse outcome pathways must be expanded, and profound differences in PFAS toxicokinetic properties must be considered in understanding differences in responses between the sexes and among species and life stages. With many health effects noted for a relatively few example compounds and hundreds of other PFAS in commerce lacking toxicity data, more contemporary and high-throughput approaches such as read-across, molecular dynamics, and protein modeling are proposed to accelerate the development of toxicity information on emerging and legacy PFAS, individually and as mixtures. In addition, an appropriate degree of precaution, given what is already known from the PFAS examples noted, may be needed to protect human health. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:606–630. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Many health effects have been reported in association with or due to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures in humans and toxicologic models. Species concordance of effects is evident for a handful of legacy PFAS. With hundreds of PFAS in commerce that lack exposure and health effects data, contemporary and novel methods must be implemented to inform exposed communities, risk assessors, and concerned citizens and prioritize those most likely to affect human health.