bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le contexte de production des ovins laitiers en France : principaux objectifs de recherche-développement et conditions de leur mise en oeuvre
Authors: BARILLET F. , BOCQUIER F. 
Published: July 2020

En France, l’élevage des ovins laitiers repose sur des productions typiques, agneaux de lait et fromages de brebis à AOC, permettant le maintien d’une population rurale et le développement industriel dans trois régions de montagne aussi différentes que le sud du Massif Central (Rayon de Roquefort), les Pyrénées Atlantiques et la Corse. Dans les années 70, l’avenir de ces productions passait par une amélioration de la productivité des brebis, des troupeaux et du travail (particulièrement de la traite). Ces objectifs sont largement atteints : la taille moyenne des troupeaux a triplé entre 1970 et 1990, et la production laitière des brebis a doublé, avec l’émergence d’éleveurs spécialisés livrant leur lait, tandis que la tradition des fromages fermiers se perpétue dans certaines zones de production. L’impact de la génétique et de la physiologie animale a été déterminant dans cette évolution remarquable, dans trois domaines complémentaires : mécanisation de la traite, maîtrise de la reproduction, sélection des races locales dans leur bassin respectif. Ainsi en 1990, 75% du lait de brebis produit en France provient d’élevages en contrôle laitier, ce qui constitue un atout déterminant au plan international. Logiquement, de nouveaux objectifs de recherche-développement se font jour pour la décennie 90, dans un contexte où l’on verra se renforcer la relation entre terroirs de production, races locales, systèmes de production et fromages de brebis en AOC. Ces nouveaux objectifs et leurs conditions de mise en oeuvre sont décrits dans cet article. On peut noter en particulier la volonté des partenaires professionnels de renforcer l’interface entre la recherche et le développement avec l’officialisation du Comité National Brebis Laitières en 1991.
Bilans minéraux et disponibilité du calcium chez des moutons recevant des pulpes de betteraves
Authors: MESCHY F. , FAURIE F. , GUEGUEN L. 
Published: July 2020

Les pulpes de betteraves sont réputées pour être riches (trop ?) en calcium mais nous ne disposons que de très peu d’informations quant à la disponibilité de ce calcium, et les inconvénients éventuels d’un excès de calcium sont fortement liés à ce critère. Pour cet essai, nous avons utilisé des régimes semi-synthétiques où tout le calcium était apporté, soit par du carbonate de calcium (témoins) soit par des pulpes de betteraves (pulpes) ; la teneur en Ca (g/kg de MS) était 4,6 et 4,8 respectivement. Ces régimes ont été distribués à 6 moutons mâles adultes par lot. Après une phase d’adaptation de 3 semaines, les mesures se sont déroulées en deux périodes successives de 5 jours consécutifs au cours desquelles les bilans minéraux (Ca, P et Mg) ont été déterminés ; de plus, l’absorption réelle de ces éléments a été calculée sur la base de pertes endogènes théoriques suivantes : 20 mg (Ca), 25 mg (P) et 3,5 mg (Mg) par kg de poids vif et par jour. Les performances du lot témoin sont légèrement inférieures aux données de la littérature, ce que l’on peut vraisemblalement attribuer à la nature du régime semi-synthétique difficilement accepté par des ruminants adultes, ce qui était atténué par la présence de pulpes (40 %) dans le régime expérimental. Dans ces conditions, il apparaît clairement que le calcium contenu dans les pulpes de betteraves est nettement moins disponible (50 % environ) que celui du carbonate pris comme référence. Il convient donc de tenir compte de la faible disponibilité du calcium des pulpes de betteraves pour l’évaluation des apports alimentaires et la complémentation minérale des rations dans lesquelles les pulpes représentent une part importante de la matière sèche ingérée.
Revenus et systèmes de production. L’élevage bovin dans le Charolais
Authors: BORTZMEYER M. , CAVAILHES J. , LIENARD G. 
Published: July 2020

La production de viande bovine est l’un des grands secteurs concernés par les décisions de réforme du 21 mai 1992 ; celle-ci prévoit une baisse de 15 % du prix de la viande d’ici 1996, compensée par une forte revalorisation des primes à la vache allaitante et aux jeunes bovins mâles, dans la limite d’un niveau de chargement à l’hectare. L’effet de ces mesures variera selon les systèmes de production et les régions : les résultats de simulations micro-économiques d’exploitations-types par programmation linéaire présentés ici concernent la région charolaise.
Incidence des troubles sanitaires chez la vache laitière : bilan de 20 années d’observation dans 3 troupeaux expérimentaux
Authors: FAYE B. , LESCOURRET F. , LANDAIS E. , COULON J.B. 
Published: July 2020

Les données sanitaires collectées depuis 20 ans dans les installations expérimentales de vaches laitières de l’INRA en zone de demi-montagne ont été incluses dans la base de données LASCAR. La hiérarchie des fréquences pathologiques est globalement similaire à celle rencontrée dans les élevages laitiers de rente. Les mammites cliniques (31,7 % de lactations atteintes), la pathologie podale (25,6 %), les troubles digestifs (12,3 %) et la rétention placentaire (9,6 %) restent les pathologies prépondérantes. Il existe de fortes variations entre domaines et types génétiques : les panaris affectent plus souvent les FFPN de Marcenat (41,9 %) et les mammites, plus souvent les croisées pie-noires de Theix (53,0 %). Les troubles sanitaires ont tendance à augmenter avec le rang de lactation à l’exception notable des difficultés de vêlage. Le début de lactation est la période de plus grande sensibilité. Mais il n’y a pas de saison spécifique à risque, celle-ci pouvant différer selon les troubles sanitaires considérés. Cependant, le début de la campagne de vêlages (octobre) correspond à une phase sensible, certaines pathologies paraissant plus fréquentes à cette période.
Early Neoproterozoic Deformation Kinematics in the Chottanagpur Gneiss Complex (Eastern India): Evidence from the Curvilinear Hundru Falls Shear ZoneAnalysis
Authors: Sequeira Nicole , Bhattacharya Abhijit 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Curvilinear steep shear zones originate in different tectonic environments. In the Chottanagpur Gneiss Complex (CGC), the steeply dipping, left-lateral and transpressive Early Neoproterozoic Hundru Falls Shear Zone (HFSZ) with predominantly north-down kinematics comprises two domains, e.g., an arcuate NW-striking (in the west) to W-striking (in the east) domain with gently plunging stretching lineation that curves into a W-striking straight-walled domain with down-dip lineation. The basement-piercing HFSZ truncates a carapace of flat-lying amphibolite facies paraschist and granitoid mylonites, and recumbently folded anatectic gneisses. The carapace—inferred to be a midcrustal regional-scale low-angle detachment zone—structurally overlies an older basement of Early Mesoproterozoic anatectic gneisses intruded by Mid-Mesoproterozoic/Early Neoproterozoic granitoids unaffected by the Early Neoproterozoic extensional tectonics. The mean kinematic vorticity values in the steep HFSZ-hosted granitoids computed using the porphyroclast aspect ratio method are 0.74–0.83 and 0.51–0.65 in domains with shallow and steep lineations, respectively. The granitoid mylonites show a chessboard subgrain microstructure, but lack evidence for suprasolidus deformation. The timing relationship between the two domains is unclear. If the two HFSZ domains were contemporaneous, the domain of steep lineations with greater coaxial strain relative to the curvilinear domain formed due to strain partitioning induced by variations in mineralogy and/or temperature of the cooling granitoid plutons. Alternately, the domain of gently plunging lineations in the HFSZ was a distinct shear zone that curved into a subsequent straight-walled shear zone with steeply plunging lineation due to a northward shift in the convergence direction during deformation contemporaneous with the Early Neoproterozoic accretion of the CGC and the Singhbhum Craton.
Pseudonajide peptide derived from snake venom alters cell envelope integrity interfering on biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Schneider Rafael , Primon-Barros Muriel , Von Borowski Rafael Gomes , Chat Sophie , Nonin-Lecomte Sylvie , Gillet Reynald , Macedo Alexandre José 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background The increase in bacterial resistance phenotype cases is a global health problem. New strategies must be explored by the scientific community in order to create new treatment alternatives. Animal venoms are a good source for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are excellent candidates for new antimicrobial drug development. Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptides (CRAMPs) from snake venoms have been studied as a model for the design of new antimicrobial pharmaceuticals against bacterial infections. Results In this study we present an 11 amino acid-long peptide, named pseudonajide, which is derived from a Pseudonaja textilis venom peptide and has antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis . Pseudonajide was selected based on the sequence alignments of various snake venom peptides that displayed activity against bacteria. Antibiofilm activity assays with pseudonajide concentrations ranging from 3.12 to 100 µM showed that the lowest concentration to inhibit biofilm formation was 25 µM. Microscopy analysis demonstrated that pseudonajide interacts with the bacterial cell envelope, disrupting the cell walls and membranes, leading to morphological defects in prokaryotes. Conclusions Our results suggest that pseudonajide’s positives charges interact with negatively charged cell wall components of S. epidermidis, leading to cell damage and inhibiting biofilm formation.
Chronic hepatitis and HIV risks amongst Pakistani migrant men in a French suburb and insights into health promotion interventions: the ANRS Musafir qualitative study
Authors: Cailhol Johann , Khan Nichola 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Seine-Saint-Denis is a deprived departement (French administrative unit) in the North-East of Paris, France, hosting the majority of South Asian migrants in France. In recent years, the number of migrants from Pakistan, which has a high prevalence of hepatitis C globally, increased. As a corollary, this study addressed the high proportion of Pakistani patients in the infectious diseases clinic of a local hospital, diagnosed with hepatitis C, but also hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It explored genealogies and beliefs about hepatitis and HIV transmission, including community, sexual and blood risk behaviours. The aim was to understand the ways these risk factors reduce or intensify both en route and once in France, in order to devise specific forms of community health intervention. Methods The study took place at Avicenne University-Hospital in Seine-Saint-Denis, and its environs, between July and September 2018. The design of the study was qualitative, combining semi-structured interviews, a focus group discussion, and ethnographic observations. The sample of Pakistani participants were selected from those followed-up for chronic hepatitis C, B, and/or HIV at Avicenne, and who had arrived after 2010 in Seine-Saint-Denis. Results Thirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted, until saturation was reached. All participants were men from rural Punjab province. Most took the Eastern Mediterranean human smuggling route. Findings suggest that vulnerabilities to hepatitis and HIV transmission, originating in Pakistan, are intensified along the migration route and perpetuated in France. Taboo towards sexuality, promiscuity in cohabitation conditions, lack of knowledge about transmission were amongst the factors increasing vulnerabilities. Participants suggested a number of culturally-acceptable health promotion interventions in the community, such as outreach awareness and testing campaigns in workplaces, health promotion and education in mosques, as well as web-based sexual health promotion tool to preserve anonymity. Conclusions Our findings highlight the need to look at specific groups at risk, related to their countries of origin. In-depth understandings of such groups, using interdisciplinary approaches such as were employed here, can allow for culturally adapted, tailored interventions. However, French colour-blind policies do not easily permit such kinds of targeted approach and this limitation requires further debate.
Fragmented QRS as an early predictor of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in healthy individuals: A nested case-control study in the era of speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Nikoo Mohammad Hossein , Jamali Zahra , Razeghian-Jahromi Iman , Sayadi Mehrab , Verdecchia Paolo , Abtahi Firoozeh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Several studies addressed the association between fragmented QRS (fQRS) on 12-lead EKG and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients with a variety of cardiovascular disorders. We tested such association in healthy individuals.Methods: Out of 500 healthy participants without -overt cardiovascular disease from the Shiraz Heart Study cohort, we identified 20 subjects with fQRS (cases) and 20 peers without fQRS (controls). Global LV longitudinal strain (GLS) was measured by speckle tracking echocardiography in the two groups. Comparison was made between case and control groups by using chi-square or independent sample t-test or ANOVA. Results: Age, gender, ejection fraction, LV volume and dimensions did not differ between the case and the control groups. Overall, 14 subjects out of 40 had reduced GLS (≤20%) and 10 of them (25%) had fQRS. GLS was significantly lower in the group with fQRS than in the control group (19.9±1.8 vs 21.4±1.6; p=0.009).Conclusions: Healthy subjects with fQRS present regional LV systolic dysfunction, assessed by GLS, in the presence of a normal ejection fraction. These data suggest that fQRS may be a promising tool to identify apparently healthy subjects with regional LV systolic dysfunction.
Micromorphological analysis and bond strength comparison of two adhesives for different degrees of dental fluorosis
Authors: Liu Shuangfeng , Zhu Yanxia , Gegen Tana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze morphologically the all-etching bonding system and self-etching bonding system for enamel with different degrees of fluorosis and evaluate the bond strength of each system. Teeth that were indicated for extraction owing to orthodontic or periodontal problems were selected. According to Dean’s index and the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index, 180 extracted teeth were divided into three groups of mild, moderate, and severe dental fluorosis (DF), with 60 teeth in each group. The teeth in each group were randomly divided into two subgroups (n = 30), which were then subjected to the all-etching bonding system (Prime & Bond NT) and self-etching bonding system (SE-Bond). Each group of adhesives was used to bond Z350 universal resin (3M) to the etched dental enamel. Tensile and shear tests were conducted to determine the bond strength. Subsequently, the fractured specimens were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The Prime & Bond NT was statistically significant for the tensile and shear strength of enamel with mild fluorosis (P < 0.05) but did not exhibit a significant difference for moderate and severe DF (P > 0.05). The SE-Bond was not statistically significant for the tensile and shear strength of mild, moderate, or severe DF (P > 0.05). The SEM and CLSM results reveal that the mild fluorosis enamel crystals were relatively dense, and a small amount of resin remained. The moderate fluorosis enamel crystals were loosely arranged, and the gaps were widened. The severe fluorosis enamel crystals were irregularly arranged. The disorder was aggravated, and the dentinal orifice was exposed by partial enamel exfoliation. The bonding strength of mild fluorosis enamel with the Prime & Bond NT was better than that with the SE-Bond, and cohesive failure was the most common mode of failure. Because there was no difference in the bonding strength of the SE-Bond for different degrees of DF, we recommend the use of the all-etching adhesive system in the clinical treatment of teeth with mild fluorosis.
Predictors and clinical features of methotrexate (MTX) therapy for ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Yu , Gan Lu , Liu Xiao-ying , Du Shan-ping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a major life- and fertility-threatening concern in women’s health. As a result of advances in examination technology, an increasing number of ectopic pregnancies can be diagnosed early and treated with medical methods instead of surgery. The aim of this study was to summarize the clinical features and identify the predictors of success of methotrexate (MTX) treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 238 ectopic pregnancies treated with MTX in the Department of Gynecology of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017. Results: Patients were divided into two groups: the successful treatment group (n=166) and the failed treatment group (n=72). The overall success rate of MTX therapy for ectopic pregnancy was 69.75%. The mean initial β-hCG level was significantly lower in the successful treatment group than in the failed treatment group (2538.08 IU/L versus 3533.17 IU/L, P=0.000). The treatment success rate of the group with an initial β-hCG concentration less than 4000 IU/L was significantly higher than that of the group with an initial β-hCG concentration greater than 4000 IU/L. However, the success rate of the group with an initial β-hCG concentration greater than 4000 IU/L was still relatively high (54.55%). β-hCG levels were significantly increased on the 4th day in the failed treatment group (P=0.000). Compared to the initial β-hCG level, the day-4 β-hCG level increased by more than 8.21%, indicating that the treatment was effective. The diagnostic sensitivity was 88.6%, the specificity was 74.5%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.863 (95% CI: 0.805-0.920). Conclusions: MTX therapy as a treatment option is safe and effective for asymptomatic, hemodynamically stable patients with ectopic pregnancies who are interested in conservative treatment, regardless of the serum β-hCG level or adnexal mass size. The change in the β-hCG level between the initial day and the 4th day is an effective and early predictive tool for the success of MTX therapy of ectopic pregnancy.
Comparative Analysis of the Biomechanical Behavior of two different design metaphyseal-fitting short stems using digital image correlation
Authors: Tatani Irini , Megas Panagiotis , Panagopoulos Andreas , Diamantakos Ioannis , Nanopoulos Photis , Pantelakis Spiros 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The progressive evolution in hip replacement research is directed to follow the principles of bone and soft tissue sparing surgery. Regarding hip implants, a renewed interest has been raised towards short uncemented femoral implants. A heterogeneous group of short stems have been designed with the aim to approximate initial, post-implantation bone strain to the preoperative levels in order to minimize the effects of stress shielding. This study aims to investigate the biomechanical properties of two distinctly designed femoral implants, the TRI-LOCK Bone Preservation Stem, a shortened conventional stem and the Minima S Femoral Stem, an even shorter and anatomically shaped stem, based on experiments and numerical simulations. Furthermore, finite element models of implant–bone constructs should be evaluated for their validity against mechanical tests wherever it is possible. In this work, the validation was performed via a direct comparison of the FE calculated strain fields with their experimental equivalents obtained using the digital image correlation technique. Results: Design differences between Trilock BPS and Minima S femoral stems conditioned different strain pattern distributions. A distally shifting load distribution pattern as a result of implant insertion and also an obvious decrease of strain in the medial proximal aspect of the femur was noted for both stems. Strain changes induced after the implantation of the Trilock BPS stem at the lateral surface were greater compared to the non-implanted femur response, as opposed to those exhibited by the Minima S stem. Linear correlation analyses revealed a reasonable agreement between the numerical and experimental data in the majority of cases. Conclusion: The study findings support the use of DIC technique as a preclinical evaluation tool of the biomechanical behavior induced by different implants and also identify its potential for experimental FE model validation. Furthermore, a proximal stress shielding effect was noted after the implantation of both short stem designs. Design specific variations in short stems were sufficient to produce dissimilar biomechanical behaviors, although their clinical implication must be investigated through comparative clinical studies.
The Research and Analysis of Bring Perigastric Tumor Deposits into The Staging of Primary Gastric Cancer
Authors: wang xinxin , wang zhaoyang , xie tianyu , li shuo , wu di , guo xin , wang yong , chen lin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The current significance of perigastric tumor deposits (TDs) in gastric cancer (GC) for indicating prognosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of perigastric TDs and a new TNM staging involving TDs for GC.Methods: The pathological data of 6672 patients with GC who underwent gastrectomy or operation of gastric cancer with other diseases between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2017 at Chinese PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into tumor deposits positive (TD+) group and tumor deposits negative (TD-) group. The differences between TD+ and TD- were analyzed by binary Logistic regression model. To draw survival curves, we used Kaplan-Meier methods. Multivariate Cox regression model and Log-rank test was used to analyze the data.Results: Perigastric TDs were found to be positive in 339 (5.09%) of the 6672 patients with GC of which 237 were males (69.91%) and 102 females (30.09%) (2.32:1). The median age was 59 years (ranging from 27 to 78 years). No significant differences were detected between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis both indicated that GC patients with positive TDs had poorer prognosis than those with negative TDs (p<0.05). The 1-, 3-and 5-year overall survival rates of GC patients with TDs were 68.3%, 19.6%, and 11.2%, respectively, and were significantly poorer than those of the staged matched control group. There was statistical significance between the location of TDs and patient survival in patients with gastric cancer (p＜0.05). A new TNM staging was formulated according to the TDs location. When TDs appear on the gastric body, the original T1, T2, T3 stages change to T4a, and T4a, T4b change to T4b; when TDs appear in the lesser curvature, the previous N0, N1, N2, N3 stage change to N3; when the TDs located in the greater curvature or the distant tissue, the patient should be categorized as M1. After using the new stage, the survival curve of patients with TDs was closer to that of patients without TDs in each pTNM staging.Conclusion: 1. Tumor deposits is a bad prognostic factor in patients with primary gastric cancer. 2. The location of tumor deposits is associated with the prognosis of patients with primary gastric cancer. 3. The new stage is more suitable for patients with tumor deposits of gastric cancer.