bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tiller development affected by nitrogen fertilization in a high‐yielding wheat production system
Authors: Zhang Ling , He Xiaoming , Liang Zhengyuan , Zhang Wei , Zou Chunqin , Chen Xinping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuantitative understanding of how fertilizer N affects tiller development is essential for simultaneously achieving high yield and high N use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. A 3‐yr field experiment was conducted on the North China Plain during 2015–2017, with winter wheat grown at five fertilizer N rates (0–300 kg ha−1). The highest grain yield (∼9 Mg ha−1) was obtained at the optimized N rate (on average 160 kg ha−1, determined by subtracting the soil NO3− content from estimated N target values) and attributed to the high spike number, which was further contributed by the main stem (MS) and the fertile first tiller (T1). Greater N application than the optimized rate did not further increase grain yield but increased the biomass and N concentration of other tillers that were unproductive. The critical plant aboveground N concentrations (2.81% at stem elongation stage [Zadoks Growth Stage, GS 31] and 1.95% at anthesis (GS 64) and critical root‐zone soil mineral N content (Nmin) (74 kg ha−1 at GS 31 and 129 kg ha−1 at GS 64) for the attainable maximum stem number (1578 m−2 at GS 31 and 944 m−2 at GS 64) were quantified in this high‐yielding system. The critical plant aboveground N concentrations for achieving the maximal biomass of stem were also established to be 2.72% at GS 31 and 1.53% at GS 64, respectively. At these critical levels, the maximal biomass of MS and T1 were obtained without increasing the growth of the other tillers that were unproductive. Our results showed that high yield of winter wheat can be achieved by increasing the number of productive stems and the biomass per productive stem through optimizing the root‐zone Nmin and plant N concentrations.
Across the Board: Sheng Dai on Catalyst Design by Entropic Factors
Authors: Dai Sheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Dr. S. Dai, who discusses high‐entropy materials (HEMs) as new materials in catalysis. In this viewpoint, two types of HEMs (alloy and non‐alloy HEMs), their synthesis, and their application in various catalytic reactions are presented.
Digital multiplier‐less implementation of high‐precision SDSP and synaptic strength‐based STDP
Authors: Asgari Hajar , Maybodi Babak Mazloom‐Nezhad , Sandamirskaya Yulia 
Published: February 2020

SummarySpiking neural networks (SNNs) can achieve lower latency and higher efficiency compared with traditional neural networks if they are implemented in dedicated neuromorphic hardware. In both biological and artificial spiking neuronal systems, synaptic modifications are the main mechanism for learning. Plastic synapses are thus the core component of neuromorphic hardware with on‐chip learning capability. Recently, several research groups have designed hardware architectures for modeling plasticity in SNNs for various applications. Following these research efforts, this paper proposes multiplier‐less digital neuromorphic circuits for two plasticity learning rules: the spike‐driven synaptic plasticity (SDSP) and synaptic strength–based spike timing–dependent plasticity (SSSTDP). The proposed architectures have increased the precision of the plastic synaptic weights and are suitable for spiking neural network architectures with more precise calculations. The proposed models are validated in MATLAB simulations and physical implementations on a field‐programmable gate array (FPGA).
Multiple functions of microfluidic platforms: Characterization and applications in tissue engineering and diagnosis of cancer
Authors: Davaran Soodabeh , Sadeghinia Mohammad , Jamalpoor Zahra , Raeisdasteh Hokmabad Vahideh , Doosti‐Telgerd Mehdi , Karimian Ansar , Sadeghinia Zahra , Khalilifard Javad , keramt Akram , Moradikhah Farzad , Sadeghinia Ali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicrofluidic system, or lab‐on‐a‐chip, has grown explosively. This system has been used in research for the first time and then entered in the clinical section. Due to economic reasons, this technique has been used for screening of laboratory and clinical indices. The microfluidic system solves some difficulties accompanied by clinical and biological applications. In this review, the interpretation and analysis of some recent developments in microfluidic systems in biomedical applications with more emphasis on tissue engineering and cancer will be discussed. Moreover, we try to discuss the features and functions of microfluidic systems.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetized ETS‐4 modified with lanthanum and iron for fluoride adsorption
Authors: Esmaeeli Nahal , Faghihian Hossein 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, two adsorbents were synthesized by loading lanthanum and iron ions on magnetized ETS‐4 titanosilicate. The sorbents were identified by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), thermogravimetry, differential thermogravimetry (TG‐DTG), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer‐Emmette‐Teller techniques, and their adsorption performance for the sorption of fluoride was evaluated in a wide fluoride concentration range. The influence of various variables, including shaking time, fluoride concentration, pH, and temperature, on the uptake of fluoride was investigated. The maximal capacity of ETS‐4 impregnated with La and with Fe was 260.69 and 231.43 mg/g, respectively. The used sorbent was readily removed from the solution by using a magnet bar. The regenerated sorbent retained most of its capability after regeneration. The results of the kinetic study were described by a pseudosecond‐order model, indicating that the process was chemisorption in nature. The Freundlich isotherm well described the sorption data, which implied that the adsorption was multilayered and heterogeneous.
Effect of alcohol on the properties of water‐in‐diesel microemulsion fuels
Authors: Abrar Iyman , Bhaskarwar Ashok N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicroemulsions are thermodynamically stable alternatives to diesel, which could be directly used in the engine, without any modification. Surfactant‐free water‐in‐diesel microemulsions with 60.0–70.0% (vol/vol) diesel, 29.0–39.5% (vol/vol) butanol, and 0.5–2.0% (vol/vol) water were formulated, and their properties were compared against standard specifications of diesel fuel oil (ASTM D975). The calorific values of the microemulsion fuels (41.23–44.75 MJ/kg) were higher than the volume‐fraction weighted averages (39.20–40.75 MJ/kg). The cloud points (−0.5 to −3.5°C) were lower than expected (0°C). The specific gravities (0.825–0.831), viscosities (2.16–2.39 mm2/s), and sulfur contents (27–45 mg/kg) were also within the permissible limits. Some of the microemulsions showed improved cetane indices (cetane index up to 49.5), while the microemulsions with higher butanol percentages, for which cetane index reduced to 38, would require the use of cetane improvers. Since these microemulsions satisfied the ASTM specifications, they could be potentially used as a cleaner alternative to diesel.
Quaternary drainage network reorganization in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera plateau
Authors: Struth Lucía , Giachetta Emanuele , Willett Sean D. , Owen Lewis A. , Tesón Eliseo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDramatic drainage reorganization from initial longitudinal to transversal domains has occurred in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. We perform a regional analysis of drainage basin geometry and transformed river profiles based on the integral form of the slope‐area scaling, to investigate the dynamic state of drainage networks and to predict the degree of drainage reorganization in this region. We propose a new model of drainage rearrangement for the Eastern Cordillera, based on the analyses of knickpoint distribution, normalized river profiles, landforms characteristic of river capture, erosion rates and palaeodrainage data. We establish that the oldest longitudinal basin captured by the Magdalena River network was the Suárez Basin at ≈409 ka, inferring the timing of abandonment of a river terrace using in situ produced cosmogenic beryllium‐10 (10Be) depth profiles and providing a first estimation of incision rate of 0.07 mm/yr. We integrate published geochronologic data and interpret the last capture of the Sabana de Bogotá, providing a minimum age of the basin opening to the Magdalena drainage at ≈38 ka. Our results suggest that the Magdalena basin Increased its drainage area by integrating the closed basins from the western flank of the Eastern Cordillera. Our study also suggests that the Magdalena basin is an aggressor compared to the basins located in the eastern flank of the orogen and provides a framework for examining drainage reorganization within the Eastern Cordillera and in similar orogenic settings. The results improve our understanding of headward integration of closed basins across orogenic plateaux. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting Australia's real house price index: A comparison of time series and machine learning methods
Authors: Milunovich George 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe employ 47 different algorithms to forecast Australian log real house prices and growth rates, and compare their ability to produce accurate out‐of‐sample predictions. The algorithms, which are specified in both single‐ and multi‐equation frameworks, consist of traditional time series models, machine learning (ML) procedures, and deep learning neural networks. A method is adopted to compute iterated multistep forecasts from nonlinear ML specifications. While the rankings of forecast accuracy depend on the length of the forecast horizon, as well as on the choice of the dependent variable (log price or growth rate), a few generalizations can be made. For one‐ and two‐quarter‐ahead forecasts we find a large number of algorithms that outperform the random walk with drift benchmark. We also report several such outperformances at longer horizons of four and eight quarters, although these are not statistically significant at any conventional level. Six of the eight top forecasts (4 horizons × 2 dependent variables) are generated by the same algorithm, namely a linear support vector regressor (SVR). The other two highest ranked forecasts are produced as simple mean forecast combinations. Linear autoregressive moving average and vector autoregression models produce accurate olne‐quarter‐ahead predictions, while forecasts generated by deep learning nets rank well across medium and long forecast horizons.
ZNF687 Mutations in an Extended Cohort of Neoplastic Transformations in Paget's Disease of Bone: Implications for Clinical Pathology
Authors: Scotto di Carlo Federica , Pazzaglia Laura , Mumm Steven , Benassi Maria S , De Chiara Annarosaria , Franchi Alessandro , Parafioriti Antonina , Righi Alberto , Esposito Teresa , Whyte Michael P , Gianfrancesco Fernando 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Neoplastic transformation is a rare but serious complication of Paget's disease of bone (PDB), occurring in fewer than 1% of individuals with polyostotic disease. Their prognosis is poor, with less than 50% surviving 5 years. In 2016, the genetic alteration of giant cell tumor (GCT) complicating PDB was identified as a founder germline mutation (P937R) in the ZNF687 gene. However, the study population was exclusively of Italian descent, and patients of different ethnic origins were not studied. To fill this gap, herein we performed mutation analysis of ZNF687 in a GCT in the pelvis of a 45-year-old black American woman with polyostotic PDB. The P937R mutation in ZNF687 was found in her tumor but, as expected, the ancestral haplotype that characterizes the Italian GCT/PDB patients was not found. Furthermore, we identified two additional Italian GCT/PDB patients with this ZNF687 mutation, now constituting a cohort of 18 GCT/PDB cases, all harboring the identical mutation. We also searched for ZNF687 mutations in a unique collection of tumor tissues derived from Italian PDB patients, including 28 osteosarcomas (OS/PDB), 8 undifferentiated sarcomas (SRC/PDB), 1 fibrosarcoma (FS/PDB), and 1 chondrosarcoma (CS/PDB). We identified the P937R mutation in one SRC/PDB and a different ZNF687 mutation (R331W) in 1 of 28 pagetic osteosarcomas. Thus, whereas GCT/PDB pathogenesis globally seems to involve the P937R mutation in ZNF687, other neoplasms associated with PDB seem to be less related to mutations in this gene. Finally, we identified the G34W mutation in the H3F3A gene in the maxillary tumor masses of two PDB patients, defining them as conventional GCT rather than GCT/PDB. Thus, combined molecular analysis of H3F3A and ZNF687 is essential to clarify the origin and diagnosis of tumors in PDB. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Predictors of genetic beliefs toward cancer risk perceptions among adults in the United States: Implications for prevention or early detection
Authors: McKinney Lawrence P. , Gerbi Gemechu B. , Caplan Lee S. , Claridy Mechelle D. , Rivers Brian M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to assess predictors of genetic beliefs toward cancer risk perceptions among adults, aged 18 years and over, in the United States (US). Data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Health Information National Trends Survey 2014 (HINTS) 4 Cycle 4. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess factors associated with an individual's beliefs about genetic and cancer risk perceptions. The results showed that African Americans, Non‐White Hispanics, Non‐Hispanic Asians, individuals with a high school education or less, and annual household incomes less than $20,000 and do not believe that health behaviors play some role in determining whether a person will develop cancer was significantly less likely to report that genetics plays at least some role in whether a person will develop cancer. Findings of this study provide an opportunity for genetic counselors to address beliefs about genetics and cancer risk perceptions among minority populations and promote health equity.
Effect of synovial fluid temperature on the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V, Ti6Al7Nb, and CoCrMo alloys
Authors: Fang Xingxing , Wang Songquan , Li Dahan , Guo Yongbo , Hu Ningning 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe frictional heat generated during the operation of the joint prosthesis in vivo could change the corrosion resistance of the prosthesis material. In this paper, the corrosion behavior of three medical alloys at different synovial fluid temperatures was analyzed using electrochemical measurement technology. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscope and energy‐dispersive spectrometer were used to characterize the surface morphology and composition of the alloys after long‐term immersion. The results show that increasing temperature causes the open‐circuit potential of titanium alloy to shift negatively and the corrosion tendency to increase. The increasing temperature leads to the decrease of activation energy of titanium alloy, which in turn results in the increase of corrosion current density and accelerated corrosion. The results of Nyquist curves confirmed that the radius of the capacitive arc decreased with the increase of temperature, indicating the deterioration of corrosion resistance. The CoCrMo alloy shows the same regularity as the titanium alloy in 0.9% NaCl, though no obvious regularity in 25% newborn bovine serum; this may be related to the complexity of the corrosion system.
Efficacy and tolerance of botulinum toxin injections after sacral nerve stimulation failure for idiopathic overactive bladder
Authors: Baron Maximilien , Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimée , Lacombe Sandy , Paret Fanny , Le Normand Loïc , Cornu Jean‐Nicolas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionManagement of idiopathic overactive bladder (iOAB) after the failure of sacral nerve modulation (SNM) is very challenging. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the use of botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) after SNM failure for iOAB. The aim of this study is to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of BoNT‐A injection after the failure of SNM for iOAB.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective multicentric analysis of all patients who had received either onabotulinumtoxinA or abobotulinumtoxinA intradetrusor injection for iOAB after SNM failure, between January 2004 and December 2017. The primary outcome was the percentage of success of first BoNT‐A injection (either resolution of their urinary incontinence or their frequency or more than 50% reduction in frequency). Secondary outcomes were results of urodynamic studies, complications, total number of injections, causes of withdrawal, and subsequent treatment.ResultsSeventy‐six patients (62 female) were included. The percentage of success of first BoNT‐A injection was 43.4% (n = 33). All overactive bladder symptoms were significantly improved on the 3‐day bladder diary. Twenty‐eight patients (36.8%) were put under clean intermittent self‐catheterization transitory. After a mean follow‐up of 57.7 (±38.5) months, median number of injections was 2 (1‐15). Overall, 42 patients (55.2%) stopped injections during follow‐up. The estimated 36‐months discontinuation‐free rate was 48.1%. Mean cause of discontinuation was a primary failure (n = 32; 42.1%).ConclusionBoNT‐A can be used in SNM nonresponders with a success rate of 43.4% but is associated with a high long‐term discontinuation rate.
Targeted Approach to Distinguish and Determine Absolute Levels of GDF8 and GDF11 in Mouse Serum
Authors: Camparini Luca , Kollipara Laxmikanth , Sinagra Gianfranco , Loffredo Francesco S. , Sickmann Albert , Shevchuk Olga 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrowth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a TGF‐β superfamily circulating factor that regulates cardiomyocyte size in rodents, sharing 90% amino acid sequence identity in the active domains with myostatin (GDF8)—the major determinant of skeletal muscle mass. Conflicting data on age‐related changes in circulating levels have been reported mainly due to the lack of specific detection methods. More recently, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) based assay showed that the circulating levels of GDF11 do not change significantly throughout human lifespan, but GDF8 levels decrease with aging in men. Here a novel detection method is demonstrated based on parallel reaction monitoring LC‐MS/MS assay combined with immunoprecipitation to reliably distinguish GDF11 and GDF8 as well as determine their endogenous levels in mouse serum. The data indicate that both GDF11 and GDF8 circulating levels significantly decline with aging in female mice.
Robust and Flexible Colloidal Photonic Crystal Films with Bending Strain–Independent Structural Colors for Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Pan Mengyao , Li Xiao bai , Xiong Chengjia , Chen Xiaoyi , Wang Lebin , Chen Xi , Pan Lei , Xu Hongbo , Zhao Jiupeng , Li Yao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractColloidal photonic crystals (PCs) possess iridescent and metallic structural color, making them an attractive candidate for anticounterfeiting. However, traditional colloidal PC‐based anticounterfeiting materials usually have bending‐induced color‐switching characteristics or poor flexible stability, significantly affecting their color reproducibility and durability. Here, a novel robust colloidal PC film with bending strain–independent structural color and high flexible stability has been developed through the self‐assembly of SiO2 particles into the poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) matrix. The unique microstructure of the colloidal PC film contains ordered and disordered arrays of SiO2 nanoparticles embedded into the flexible PEGDA matrix, which is crucial to achieving bending strain–independent structural color. In fact, during the bending process, the colorless disordered arrays act as the buffer space, avoiding deformation of the colored ordered arrays and thus maintaining its original structural color. Remarkably, the film retains its structural and optical integrity after 10 000 times bending, supporting its high flexible stability and robustness. In addition, the film shows high transparency so that it can easily achieve an invisible and visible state transition under switch of weak and strong light. The film is potentially useful for applications in anticounterfeiting and encryption.
On the role of Rossby wave breaking in the quasi‐biennial modulation of the stratospheric polar vortex during boreal winter
Authors: Lu Hua , Hitchman Matthew H. , Gray Lesley J. , Anstey James A. , Osprey Scott M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe boreal‐winter stratospheric polar vortex is more disturbed when the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in the lower stratosphere is in its easterly phase (eQBO), and more stable during the westerly phase (wQBO). This so‐called “Holton–Tan effect” (HTE) is known to involve Rossby waves (RWs) but the details remain obscure. This tropical–extratropical connection is re‐examined in an attempt to explain its intraseasonal variation and its relation to Rossby wave breaking (RWB). Reanalyses in isentropic coordinates from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System for the 1979–2017 period are used to evaluate the relevant features of RWB in the context of waveguide, wave–mean‐flow interaction, and the QBO‐induced meridional circulation. During eQBO, the net extratropical wave forcing is enhanced in early winter with ∼25% increase in upward propagating planetary‐scale Rossby waves (PRWs) of zonal wave‐number 1 (wave‐1). RWB is also enhanced in the lower stratosphere, characterized by convergent anomalies in the subtropics and at high latitudes and strengthened waveguide in between at 20°N–40°N, 350–650 K. In late winter, RWB leads to finite amplitude growth, which hinders upward propagating PRWs. The effect is most significant for zonal wave‐numbers 2 and 3 (wave‐2‐3). During wQBO, RWB in association with wave‐2‐3 is enhanced in the upper stratosphere. Wave absorption/mixing in the surf zone reinforces a stable polar vortex in early to middle winter. A poleward confinement of the extratropical waveguide in the upper stratosphere forces RWB to extend downward around January. A strengthening of upward propagating wave‐2‐3 follows and the polar‐vortex response switches from reinforcement to disturbance around February, thus a sign reversal of the HTE in late winter.Key Findings• Rossby wave breaking (RWB) is enhanced in the height regions where the zero‐wind line is shifted into the winter hemisphere and where the QBO‐induced meridional circulation is directed toward the winter pole• Polar vortex responses differ in terms of the height location of RWB, zonal wave‐number‐dependent disturbances and seasonal development• Significant increase in wave‐1 occurs when the QBO is in its easterly phase• A cumulative effect of RWB results in enhanced wave forcing of zonal wave‐numbers 2 and 3 during westerly QBO, which manifests in a sign reversal of the Holton–Tan effect in late winter.
Ecdysteroids from leaves of Vitex trifolia
Authors: Thoa Nguyen Thi Kim , Ban Ninh Khac , Trang Do Thi , Linh Tran My , Giang Vu Huong , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Van Kiem Phan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFour known ecdysteroids, ecdysone (1), 20‐hydroxyecdysone (2), 20‐hydroxyecdysone 2,3‐monoacetonide (3), and turkesterone (4) were isolated from leaves of Vitex trifolia. The structure of these compounds was elucidated by means of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectra and was compared with those reported in literature. Compound 3 was reported from Vitex genus for the first time; compounds 1, 2, and 4 from V. trifolia for the first time.