bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worms in Space for Outreach on Earth: Space Life Science Activities for the Classroom
Authors: Gaffney Christopher J. , Pollard Amelia K. , Deane Colleen S. , Cooke Michael , Balsamo Michele , Hewitt Jennifer , Vanapalli Siva A. , Szewczyk Nathaniel J. , Etheridge Timothy , Phillips Bethan E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Long term spaceflight is associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. The Molecular Muscle Experiment (MME) seeks to identify the causes of muscle decline in space and test potential therapies to attenuate this in the microscopic worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. This is the first UK-led experiment in the almost two-decade history of the International Space Station. We therefore intend to complete significant and widespread educational outreach activities to promote interest in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), and to increase engagement with our space life science experiment. This paper describes three education outreach activities relating to MME that are suitable for use in the classroom: (i) observing normal and mutant worms; (ii) observing the effect of unloading (simulation of microgravity); and (iii) handling spaceflight hardware. Activity packs are provided at a starter and advanced level to support these activities. This paper also provides three posters that may be used as learning resources for educators. These posters provide information on: (i) why worms are used for research; (ii) spaceflight human physiology; and (iii) the specifics of the MME. Details of further planned engagement activities are outlined to increase the awareness of the MME.
Cardiac Parasympathetic Reactivation Following Small‐Sided Games, Repeated Sprints and Circuit Training in Elite Handball Players
Authors: Ravier Gilles , Marcel-Millet Philemon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To compare acute parasympathetic reactivation following usual training exercises, the acute post-exercise heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were analysed. Fourteen elite male handball players completed three separate sessions of 16-min small-sided games (SSGs), repeated sprints (RSs) consisting of two sets of six repetitions of a 25-m sprint with a 180° change of direction (12.5 m + 12.5 m) every 25 s and 40 min of handball-specific circuit training (CT, one brief action every 40 s). The HR was recorded during the exercises; HRV was assessed 10 min before and after exercise. The exercise HR was higher for SSGs than RSs and it was higher for RSs than CT. Comparison of the baseline and acute post-exercise HRV values showed that parasympathetic indices decreased following SSG (p < 0.01 – p < 0.0001; large effect size) and RS (p < 0.05 –p < 0.01; large effect size) interventions. For CT, recovery values remained similar to the baseline (small effect size). The comparison of the acute recovery period between exercise modalities showed that the root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD) was lower for SSGs than RSs and CT. No difference in any HRV indices was observed between RSs and CT. Time-varying of RMSSD for successive 30 s segments during the 10 min recovery period showed lower values for SSGs than CT for all tested points; the progressive increase in the beat-to-beat interval was similar for all interventions. In conclusion, SSGs caused the greatest post-exercise vagal disruption and it is likely that CT is the exercise modality that least delays over-all recovery. These results might help coaches design better training sessions by understanding athletes’ recovery status after completing their conditioning exercises.
How do Elite Soccer Teams Perform to Ball Recovery? Effects of Tactical Modelling and Contextual Variables on the Defensive Patterns of Play
Authors: Fernandes Tiago , Camerino Oleguer , Garganta Júlio , Hileno Raúl , Barreira Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Researchers in soccer match analysis have been using limited procedures to express the dynamics of the game and mainly focus on the attack. Therefore, the aims of this paper were to detect the successful teams’ ball recovery defensive patterns of play and study the influence of tactical modelling, halves, match status, opponent quality and stage competition on those patterns. The sample consisted of 1323 situations of defensive ball possession of the semi-finalist teams from the 2014 FIFA World Cup play-offs, which was collected by a valid and reliable observational instrument (Soccer-Defence). The Kruskal-Wallis H, Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, Z-, multinomial logistic regression tests and sequential analysis (p < .05; z > 1.96) were used accordingly to test the differences and associations among and within teams of tactical modelling, tactical-technical behaviours and contextual variables to ball recovery. We found that among teams ball recovery differed in duration; H(3) = 14.958, p = .002. Germany were more likely to perform ball recovery by the goalkeeper than Argentina (p = .04; OR = 0.47) or the Netherlands (p < .05; OR = 0.50). Nevertheless, Brazil was the least likely to concede a shot off goal. Teams facing lower-ranked opponents were 0.63 times less likely to perform ball recovery by interception (p <.001). Additionally, sequential analysis illustrated that teams varied between central and lateral high-pressure zones before ball recovery in lower zones of the field. Finally, coaches could use such findings to design training exercises, create their own style of play, and set strategies.
Effects of Resisted vs. Conventional Sprint Training on Physical Fitness in Young Elite Tennis Players
Authors: Moya-Ramon Manuel , Nakamura Fabio Yuzo , Teixeira Anderson Santiago , Granacher Urs , Santos-Rosa Francisco Javier , Sanz-Rivas David , Fernandez-Fernandez Jaime 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of 6-week resisted sprint (RST) versus conventional (unresisted) sprint training (CG) on sprint time, change of direction (COD) speed, repeated sprint ability (RSA) and jump performance (countermovement jump (CMJ) and standing long jump (SLJ)) in male young tennis players. Twenty players (age: 16.5 ± 0.3 years; body mass: 72.2 ± 5.5 kg; body height: 180.6 ± 4.6 cm) were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: RST (n = 10) and CG (n = 10). The training program was similar for both groups consisting of acceleration and deceleration exercises at short distances (3-4 m), and speed and agility drills. The RST group used weighted vests or elastic cords during the exercises. After 6 weeks of intervention, both training regimes resulted in small-to-moderate improvements in acceleration and sprint ability (5, 10, 20 m), SLJ and CMJ performances, COD pivoting on both, the non-dominant (moderate effect) and the dominant (small effect) foot, and the percentage of decrement (small effects) during a RSA test. Between-group comparisons showed that the SLJ (Δ = 2.0%) and 5 m sprint time (Δ = 1.1%) improved more in the RST group compared with the CG group. This study showed that 6 weeks of RST or unresisted training are time-efficient training regimes for physical improvements in young male tennis players.
A Comparison of Incremental Running Field and Treadmill Tests in Young Soccer Players
Authors: Köklü Yusuf , Alemdaroğlu Utku , Demirhan Ramazan , Arslan Yunus 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the incremental running tests performed by young soccer players on a treadmill (Tr) and in the field (FTcod: 100 m change of direction and FTcir: 100 m circle). Nineteen players (average age 17.4 ± 1.1 years; body height 172.0 ± 5.7 cm; body mass 68.9 ± 6.7 kg) volunteered to perform incremental Tr , FTcod and FTcir running tests. In all three tests, players ran for 3 min at 8, 10, 12 and 14 km∙h-1 and were given a 1 min rest interval between subsequent stages. Blood lactate concentrations (La-) were measured at 1 min rest intervals and the heart rate (HR) responses of players were recorded during the tests. After a 5 min recovery period, the second part of the test started; players ran at 15 km∙h-1 with velocity increments of 1 km∙h-1 every 1 min until exhaustion. This part was performed to determine maximum HR, maximum La- and the players’ final velocities. The results showed that players had significantly lower La- (F = 6.93, p = 0.07, η2 = 0.46, 95%CI(TR-FTcir) = -1.91/-0.34, 95%CI(TR-FTcod) = -1.59/-0.05) and HR (F = 9.08, p = 0.02, η2 = 0.53, 95%CI(TR-FTcir) = -6.98/-1.68, 95%CI(TR-FTcod) = -7.19/1.08) responses in the Tr test than in the FTcir and FTcod tests at 14 km∙h-1. It was also found that players completed the Tr test (F = 58.22, p = 0.00, η2 = 0.87) at higher final running velocities than the FTcir (95%CI(TR-FTcir) = 1.67/2.78) and FTcod (95%CI(TR-FTcod) = 1.69/2.85) tests. In conclusion, when coaches or sports scientists plan to train at higher running velocities or according to the final velocity in the test, it is advisable to carry out testing in the circumstances under which training will be carried out (in the field or on a treadmill).
Evidence for the Relative Age Effect in the Spanish Professional Soccer League
Authors: Yagüe José María , Molinero Olga , Alba José Ángel , Redondo Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The concept of the relative age effect refers to the consequences of the physical and psychological differences that may exist between those born earlier or later within the same calendar year. The objective of the present study was to examine this phenomenon in Spanish professional soccer, identifying the influences of the competitive level and the club of origin. The sample comprised 2,130 individuals from five competitive categories: under 12 (U12; n = 480), under 14 (U14; n = 338), under 16 (U16; n = 390), under 19 years old (U19; n = 489) and professional players (n = 433), with nine teams from the Spanish professional soccer league (PSL). Statistical analysis was based on a chi-squared test followed by calculation of the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The main results show that at all levels of competition there was over-representation of individuals born in the first few months of the year. By clubs, the same over-representation was observed. It may be concluded that the relative age effect is consistent and exists throughout Spanish soccer, whether at youth or professional levels. An analysis by age categories showed a more pronounced effect in those competitions in which the youngest players participate, while in clubs the effect continued to be significantly present in all cases investigated in the study.
The Reactive Bounding Coefficient as a Measure of Horizontal Reactive Strength to Evaluate Stretch-Shortening Cycle Performance in Sprinters
Authors: Washif Jad Adrian , Kok Lian-Yee 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Plyometric exercises such as drop jumping and bounding offer athletes a substantiated means of enhancing athletic performance. Between the two exercises, reactive measurement using bounding (reactive bounding coefficient [RBC]) has received scant attention within the domain of training and conditioning. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the viability of utilising a speed-bounding exercise to assess horizontal reactive strength. Eleven young, male elite sprinters (age: 17.8 ± 1.3 yr; body height: 1.72 ± 0.06 m; body mass: 66.05 ± 6.10 kg; best 100 m sprint time: 10.77 ± 0.32 s) were tested for static jumps (SJ), drop jumps (DJ), 10 speed-bounding (RBC10), and 50 m sprint performance. Between-group comparisons based on sprint ability (fast [FSG] vs. slow [SSG] sprint-group) and correlation coefficients were computed subsequently. The FSG (n = 5; 50 m time: 5.82 ± 0.11 s; RBC10: 7.46 ± 0.27) performed significantly better in the RBC10 (p = 0.036) than the SSG (n = 5; 50 m time: 6.09 ± 0.13 s; RBC10: 7.09 ± 0.25). A very high correlation was attained between the RBC10 and the criterion measure, the SJ (r = 0.83). Additionally, RBC10 appeared to be correlated with 30, 50, 10-30 and 30-50 m sprint times (r = -0.52 to -0.60). This positive trend, however, was not observed for the DJ reactive strength index (trivial to moderate correlations). Good reliability was shown for the RBC10 and all sprint distances (“1.5% coefficient variation). Furthermore, all sprinters attained ground contact times of 0.12-0.18 s during the RBC10 which was indicative of fast stretch-shortening cycles during movement, suggesting that the RBC10 could be utilised to assess plyometric ability and enhance sprint performance. Overall, the RBC10 seems able to discriminate between the FSG and the SSG, indicating it has acceptable levels of validity and reliability.
Prevalence of Injuries in Exercise Programs Based on Crossfit®, Cross Training and High-Intensity Functional Training Methodologies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Barranco-Ruiz Yaira , Villa-González Emilio , Martínez-Amat Antonio , Da Silva-Grigoletto Marzo E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Current literature shows studies that question the safety of the practices carried out in high-intensity training modalities such as CrossFit®, Cross Training or High-Intensity Functional Training, which may lead to a greater risk in the prevalence of injuries. The aim of this study was to analyze in detail the prevalence of injuries occurring in training based on the CrossFit®, Cross Training or High-Intensity Functional Training modalities, through a systematic review, as well as evaluating the methodological quality of the included studies. We used the recommendations of the PRISMA protocol. For the quality analysis of the studies, we applied the tool proposed by the National Institute of Health (United States). The areas that mainly present a higher risk of injury during CrossFit, Cross Training or High-Intensity Functional Training practices are shoulders, knees and back. Additionally, 11 of the 12 included studies displayed a poor methodological quality according to the quality tool used.
Impact of Body Condition Score on Oxidative Stress Status in Cow’s Reproductive Tract
Authors: Khaled Amel , Boudjellaba Sofiane , Idres Takfarinas , Bellik Yuva , Mouloud Mohammed Nait , Iguer-Ouada Mokrane 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is well known in cattle that reproductive disorders are intimately associated with low or high body condition score (BCS). However, little is known concerning the relationship between BCS and oxidative stress, particularly in the reproductive tract. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the oxidative stress biomarkers according to cows BCS values in the plasma, ovaries, oviductal, follicular and uterine fluids. The study was conducted on 58 cows classified in four classes (1, 2, 3 and 4) of BCS varying from1-1.5, 2-2.5, 3-3.5 and 4-4.5, respectively. The genital tracts and plasma were collected from slaughtered cows and processed within 5h after slaughtering. The number of ovarian follicles was measured using ultrasonography and the oxidative stress was assessed by considering total antioxidant status (TAS), catalase activity (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). The results showed that follicles number was significantly affected by BCS; cows with medium BCS (3) presented higher number of follicles than cows with low or high BCS (<3 or >3). Overall, BCS affects significantly the oxidative stress status at different levels of the reproductive tract. Cows with medium BCS (3) showed the best oxidative status than those with low or high values (BCS <3 or >3). In conclusion, the current results suggest that reproductive disorders observed in cows with low or high BCS values could be mediated through oxidative stress affecting consequently the reproductive tract and finally compromising fertility outputs.
Update on Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) – review
Authors: Iftode Nicoleta , Rădulescu Mihaela Andreea , Aramă Ștefan Sorin , Aramă Victoria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is one of the few pathogens recognized as direct carcinogen, being involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease. KSHV is a relatively recently discovered virus, with still limited possibilities for diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, ongoing studies are trying to answer the main issues related to the management of KSHV infection and its associated diseases. This review updates the current knowledge of the KSHV infection, discussing aspects related to epidemiology, virological features, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
Site-Specific and Trigger-Activated Modification of Proteins by Means of Catalytic Hemin/G-quadruplex (hGQ) DNAzyme Nanostructures
Authors: Keijzer Jordi , Albada Bauke 
Published: July 2020

Synthetic DNA that forms various G-quadruplex nanostructures, in combination with hemin, N-methyl luminol derivatives, and H2O2 can site-specifically modify proteins (i.e. evidence is provided for lysozyme and human alpha-thrombin). The catalytic modification is completed in 15-30 mins, and the site-specificity is influenced by the G-quadruplex topology (a total of 22 G-quadruplex forming sequences was tested). We also show that the heavy chain of the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab is modified, which facilitates the preparation of antibody-drug conjugates. Furthermore, a trigger can be programmed into this synthetic DNA so that the protein modification chemistry is made dependent on an external trigger.Techniques used: HPLC, SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS, NMR.
An Integrative Drug Repurposing Pipeline Using KNIME and Programmatic Data Access: A Case Study on COVID-19 Data
Authors: Tuerkova Alzbeta , Zdrazil Barbara 
Published: July 2020

Biomedical information mining is increasingly recognized as a promising technique to accelerate drug discovery and development. Especially, integrative approaches which mine data from several (open) data sources have become more attractive with the increasing possibilities to programmatically access data through Application Programming Interfaces. The use of open data in conjunction with free, platform-independent analytic tools provides the additional advantageof flexibility, re-usability, and transparency. Here, we present a strategy for performing in silico drug repurposing with the analytics platform KNIME, using data for 38 suggested COVID-19 drug targets as a timely use case. The workflow includes a targeted download of data through web services, data curation (including chemical structure standardization), detection of enriched structural patterns, as well as substructure searches in DrugBank and a recently deposited dataset of antiviral drugs provided by Chemical Abstracts Service. Developed workflows, tutorials with detailed step-by-step instructions, and the information gained by the analysis of COVID-19 data are made freely available to the scientific community. The provided framework can be reused by researchers for other in silico drug repurposing projects, and it should serve as a valuable teaching resource for conveying integrative data mining strategies.
The Language Choice as A Reflection of Islamic Communication in The Quran-Japanese Translation
Authors: Rahayu Ely Triasih , Fauzan Ahmad 
Published: July 2020

Ittishâl in Arabic language means message connectivity within a communication process. In Islam, a communication process requires the precision of language users in choosing a language. Language choice in Islamic communication aims at maintaining a positive relationship among humans (hablumminannâs), and humans’ sincere love to God (hablumminallâh). This qualitative research which data source is from surah An-Nisâʼ discusses how the Quran translated into Japanese language distinguishes language choices for humans (as God Servants) and those intended to praise God. There are noun word choices for God which are initiated with the kanji marker go/o (御) and not found in those referring to humans. Furthermore, there are respectful verbs (songkeigo) to praise the God’s actions, yet not for humans’. These language choice’s differences are intended to educate humans not to be arrogant or to always be humble because only God is the Sublime. The other objective is as the communication guidance in Islam, especially in performing prayers to always use polite languages to praise God that a sincere love will be created from the servants to the God.
Pengaruh Kemampuan Number Sense terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa di SMP Negeri 8 Tarakan
Authors: Mucti Alfian , R Nurmala 
Published: July 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh number sense terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa di SMP Negeri 8 Tarakan sehingga guru dapat merencanakan pembelajaran dari karakteristik number sense yang mereka miliki. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas VIII di SMP N 8 Tarakan sedangkan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier sederhana dimana kemampuan number sense siswa sebagai X dan hasil belajar matematika siswa sebagai Y. dari hasil penelitian diperoleh model persamaan linier regresi sederhana 14Y=4,003+0,22 X dimana jika kemampuan number sense siswa nol maka hasil belajar matematika siswa 4,003 sedangkan jika kemampuan number sense meningkat sebesar 1 satuan maka hasil belajar siswa akan naik sebesar 0,22. Sedangkan dengan menggunakan R square diperoleh nilai sebesar 0,163 artinya pengaruh number sense hanya sekitar 16,3% terhadap hasil belajar matematika, artinya salah satu hal yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar matematika siswa adalah kemampuan number sense.
ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH DAN PENDAPATAN USAHA PRODUK OLAHAN KERUPUK WORTEL DAN SIRUP WORTEL (Daucus carota L) (Kasus di KWT Citeko Asri Desa Citeko Kecamatan Cisarua Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Authors: Wibowo Sutrisno , Arsyad Apendi , Yusdiarti Arti 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian dilakukan di KWT Citeko Asri Desa Citeko Kecamatan Cisarua. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai tambah dan menganalisis pendapatan usaha pengolahan wortel. Hasil analisis nilai tambah menunjukan besarnya nilai tambah kerupuk wortel sebesar Rp. 14.000/kg dengan persentase sebesar 70% dan sirup wortel diperoleh sebesar Rp. 3.500/liter dengan persentase sebesar 46,67%. Keuntungan dari olahan kerupuk wortel sebesar Rp 8.444/kgdengan persentase sebesar 60,32% sedangkan keuntungan sirup wortel sebesar Rp 2.389/liter dengan persentase sebesar 68,25%, nilai tambah dari olahan diatas menunjukan bahwa nilai rasio bernilai tinggi karena memiliki persentase >40%. pendapatan sebesar Rp 2.446.725,- per bulan.Berdasarkan dari nilai BEP usaha produk kerupuk wortel yaitu sebanyak 136,6 kg atau sama dengan Rp 30.357,- per kg sedangkan pada BEP sirup wortel sebanyak 133,0 liter atau sama dengan Rp 11.085,- per liter. R/C dari produk olahan kerupuk wortel dan sirup wortel yaitu sebesar 1,33. Diharapkan produk olahan dari KWT Citeko Asri dapat dikemas dengan baik dan lebih menarik sehingga masyarakat lebih mudah mengenal produk olahan kerupuk wortel dan sirup wortel.Kata kunci : Nilai tambah, Pendapatan, BEP dan R/C Rasio