bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perubahan Penerapan Sanksi Adat terhadap Perkawinan Semarga pada Masyarakat Mandailing
Authors: Sembiring Idha Aprilyana 
Published: October 2020

Masyarakat Mandailing adalah masyarakat yang bersistem kekerabatan patrilineal (garis keturunan dari pihak ayah/ laki-laki) dan sistem perkawinan exogami yaitu perkawinan tidak boleh terjadi antara perempuan dan laki-laki bermarga sama (asymmetric connubium). Masyarakat Mandailing sangat melarang perkawinan semarga. Namun dalam prakteknya, perkawinan semarga tetap terjadi pada Masyarakat Mandailing termasuk yang tinggal di Desa Manegen, Kecamatan Padang Sidempuan.Hal ini terjadi karena pengaruh Hukum Islam dalam aspek kehidupan masyarakatnya. Di sisi lain, sanksi adat tetap diberlakukan terhadap pasangan yang melakukan perkawinan semarga. Penerapan sanksi adat inilah yang menarik untuk dikaji dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk sanksi adat, mekanisme, pihak-pihak yang terlibat di dalamnya serta akibat hukum yang timbul akibat dari penerapan sanksi secara adat ini. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis, jenis penelitian yuridis empiris. Lokasi penelitian adalah Desa Manegen. Responden adalah pasangan suami istri yang menikah semarga, informan adalah para tokoh adat,cerdik pandai, Kepala Desa Manegen dan Ulama. Analisa data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan, terdapat perbedaan sanksi adat di masa lampau dan masa sekarang. Di masa lampau, sanksi adat jauh lebih keras seperti pengucilan dan pengusiran dari Desa. Di masa sekarang, sanksi adat hanya berupa denda yang besarannya telah ditentukan oleh para Pengetua Adat setempat.
The Mandailing community is a patrilineal kinship system (lineage from the father / male side) and the exogamy marriage system, namely that marriages should not occur between women and men of the same surname (asymmetric connubium). The Mandailing community strongly prohibits marriages. But in practice, same-sex marriages still occur in the Mandailing community, including those who live in Manegen Village, Padang Sidempuan District. This occurs because of the influence of Islamic law in aspects of the lives of the people. On the other hand, adat sanctions continue to be imposed on couples who engage in same-sex marriages. The application of adat sanctions is interesting to study in this study to find out the forms of adat sanctions, mechanisms, parties involved in them as well as legal consequences arising from the application of sanctions in this manner. This research is analytical descriptive, empirical juridical type of research. The research location is Manegen Village. Respondents are married couples who are married with the same family, the informants are traditional leaders, cleverly clever, Manegen Village Chiefs and Ulama. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively. From the results of the study found, there are differences in traditional sanctions in the past and present. In the past, adat sanctions were much tougher such as ostracism and expulsion from the village. At present, customary sanctions are only in the form of fines, the amount of which has been determined by local Indigenous Leaders.
¿De aquí o de allá? Un estudio sobre inmigración haitiana, identidad y escuela
Authors: Valdez Castro Pedro Antonio 
Published: October 2020

El concepto de identidad es complejo e integra elementos tanto psicológicos como sociales.Los(as) estudiantes de origen extranjero enfrentan grandes retos en el proceso de construcción de su identidad cultural debido a su condición de sujetosmigrantes. Esta investigación mixta estudió la orientación y percepción de la identidad cultural de los(as) estudiantes de origen haitiano en dos centroseducativos del sector San Luis en el año escolar 2017- 2018. Se utilizó el modelo de Vilá Baños, et al. (2016), que aborda la construcción de la identidad y la integración del migrante desde lo subjetivo y lo objetivo, y los tipos de ajuste en el encuentro multicultural de Touriñan (2003). Se aplicó un instrumento, elaborado a partir del cuestionario Cohesión Social de Palou (2011), el ICCS de 2009 (2014) y la Encuesta Mundial de Valores (2014), en una muestra de 62 estudiantes.
Los(as) estudiantes de origen haitiano mostraron identificarse casi en su totalidad como dominicanos (as), negaron su origen haitiano y asumieron patrones culturales dominicanos. Se observó un ajuste de EliminaciónDominación en el que la cultura haitiana se subsume a la dominicana. Por otro lado, los(as) estudiantes de origen dominicano mostraron empatía hacia las personas de origen haitiano, aunque prefirieron no tener personas de origen haitiano viviendo en sus comunidades.
PENDEKATAN BRAIN BASED LEARNING SEBAGAI BASIS PEMBELAJARAN DALAM KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Widodo Hendro 
Published: October 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pendekatan braind based learning sebagai basis pembelajaran dalam kurikulum 2013. Keberhasilan pembelajaran dalam arti tercapainya standar kompetensi, sangat bergantung pada kemampuan guru mengolah pembelajaran yang dapat menciptakan situasi yang memungkinkan peserta didik belajar. Pendekatan pembelajaran BBL sejalan dengan konseptual pendidikan holistik. Hal ini dadasari oleh pemikiran bahwa setiap peserta didik memiliki potensi yang berbeda dan itu merupakan fitrah manusia. Potensi yang dimiliki peserta didik dikembangkan lewat proses pendidikan sehingga mendistorsi makna pendiidkan bila proses pendidikan mengabaikan salah satu potensi tersebut. Hal ini pulalah yang dikembangkan dalam kurikulum 2013, bahwa orientasi pencapaian kompetensi peserta didik di arahkan pada pencapaian kompetensi holistik yaitu dari kompetensi sikap spiritual dan sosial, kompetensi pengetahuan dan kompetensi ketermapilan/psikomotorik.
PENINGKATAN KEAKTIFAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN METODE INDEX CARD MATCH PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA
Authors: ROSADI AMIN 
Published: October 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA Kelas VIII D dengan metode Indeks Card Match. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini melalui tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi yang dilakukan pada setiap siklus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Depok dengan subyek penelitian kelas VIII D tahun ajaran 2017/2018 dengan jumlah 30 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran Index Card Match dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran IPA pada materi Hukum Newton, Usaha dan energi. Hal ini menunjukkan keaktifan belajar siswa yang meliputi; Visual activities: membaca sumber belajar, Oral activities : bertanya, Listening activities: mendengarkan uraian, Writing activities: menulis konsep penting, Motor activities: bergerak atau berpindah tempat, Mental activities : memecahkan masalah dalam kelompok, Emosional activities: melakukan presentasi di depan teman-temannya dapat meningkat dari satu siklus ke siklus berikutnya. Pra siklus 30,47% kemudian siklus I sebesar 59,28% dan siklus II menjadi 84,26% . Pada hasil penelitian selanjutnya Hasil belajar juga mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I yang tuntas sebesar 46% atau 14 dari 30 siswa dan di siklus II sebesar 83,3% atau 25 dari 30.kata kunci : Indeks card match, keaktifan belajar, hasil belajar
Muhammad Syahrûr; Theory of limit (teori batas)
Authors: Yuhendri Eka 
Published: October 2020

Penulis meyakini bahwa, tidak semua klaim pembaharuan terhadap konsep sunnah berbuah baik terhadap ajaran dan amalan-amalan Islam. Bukti konkrit dari pernyataan tersebut adalah klaim pembaharuan konsep sunnah yang ditawarkan oleh Syahrûr. Pembaharuan yang diagung-agungkan pada kenyataannya hanya mengulang kembali apa yang telah diungkapkan oleh para orientalis dan pengingkar sunnah. Tentu apa yang disebut pembaharuan tersebut telah dijawab oleh ulama Islam. Seperti klaim sunnah bukanlah wahyu dan sumber hukum Islam. Begitu juga dengan metodologi Syahrur yang bahkan bersandar pada teori-teori yang sangat bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam sendiri dan berimplikasi pada pemutusan rantai epitemologi Islam serta melahirkan kerancuan dalam penerapannya.
Peningkatan kreativitas belajar biologi menggunakan model discovery learning pada siswa sekolah menengah atas
Authors: Laspitorini Sri 
Published: October 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kreativitas belajar Biologi dengan menggunakan model Discovery Learning pada siswa kelas XI MIA-1 SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research). Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, siklus I dan siklus II. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Setiap pertemuan terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Siswa yang dijadikan subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta tahun pelajaran 2016- 2017 pada semester ganjil, dan peneliti menggunakan sampel kelas XI MIA-1 yang berjumlah 38 siswa, yang terdiri dari 20 siswa putri dan 18 siswa putra. Tekhnik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, dokumentasi serta catatan lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif yaitu dengan membandingkan kreativitas siswa dalam pembelajaran biologi pada siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kreativitas siswa dalam belajar biologi yang dapat dilihat dari: hasil penilaian kreativitas siklus I pertemuan pertama 51 %, pada pertemuan ke dua 63 %. Pada siklus II pertemuan pertama 75 % dan pertemuan kedua menjadi 81,3%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan kreativitas siswa dalam pembelajaran Biologi.
Pencapaian hasil belajar melalui model problem-based learning
Authors: A'yun Dewi Qurrotul 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA di Kelas VA-2 SD Muhammadiyah Nitikan pada materi Sistem Peredaran Darah Manusia setelah pembelajaran Model Problem Based Learning, dan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berlangsungnya pembelajaran IPA pada materi Sistem Peredaran Darah Manusia dengan menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning di Kelas VA-2 SD Muhammadiyah Nitikan Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) kolaboratif dimana ada kolaborasi (kerjasama) antara praktisi (guru, kepala sekolah, teman sejawat, siswa dan lain-lain) dan peneliti (dosen/widyaiswara) dalam pemahaman, kesepakatan tentang permasalah, pengambilan keputusan yang akhirnya melahirkan kesamaan tindakan (action). Data yang diambil dalam penelitian ini ada 3: (1) Data hasil belajar IPA selama siklus I; (2) Data hasil belajar IPA selama siklus II; dan (3) Data keterlaksanaan model pembelajaran yang diambil menggunakan lembar observasi guru dan lembar observasi siswa yang dinilai oleh kolaboran dimana bertindak sebagai observer selama kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perolehan nilai rata-rata meningkat dari 73 menjadi 82. Ketuntasan belajar meningkat dari 52,78% menjadi 75 %. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA pada siswa kelas VA-2 SD Muhammadiyah Nitikan Yogyakarta.
The Dialog State Tracking Challenge Series: A Review
Authors: Williams Jason D. , Raux Antoine , Henderson Matthew 
Published: October 2020

In a spoken dialog system, dialog state tracking refers to the task of correctly inferring the state of the conversation -- such as the user's goal -- given all of the dialog history up to that turn. Dialog state tracking is crucial to the success of a dialog system, yet until recently there were no common resources, hampering progress. The Dialog State Tracking Challenge series of 3 tasks introduced the first shared testbed and evaluation metrics for dialog state tracking, and has underpinned three key advances in dialog state tracking: the move from generative to discriminative models; the adoption of discriminative sequential techniques; and the incorporation of the speech recognition results directly into the dialog state tracker. This paper reviews this research area, covering both the challenge tasks themselves and summarizing the work they have enabled.
An Empirical Analysis of Subjectivity and Narrative Levels in Weblog Storytelling Across Cultures
Authors: Swanson Reid , Gordon Andrew S. , Khooshabeh Peter , Sagae Kenji , Huskey Richard , Mangus Michael , Amir Ori , Weber Rene 
Published: October 2020

Storytelling is a universal activity, but the way in which discourse structure is used to persuasively convey ideas and emotions may depend on cultural factors. Because first-person accounts of life experiences can have a powerful impact in how a person is perceived, the storyteller may instinctively employ specific strategies to shape the audience's perception. Hypothesizing that some of the differences in storytelling can be captured by the use of narrative levels and subjectivity, we analyzed over one thousand narratives taken from personal weblogs. First, we compared stories from three different cultures written in their native languages: English, Chinese and Farsi. Second, we examined the impact of these two discourse properties on a reader's attitude and behavior toward the narrator. We found surprising similarities and differences in how stories are structured along these two dimensions across cultures. These discourse properties have a small but significant impact on a reader's behavioral response toward the narrator.
Cruise Tourists in Spitsbergen around 1900
Authors: Spring Ulrike 
Published: October 2020

This article examines the early commodification of the Arctic, using emerging cruise tourism to Spitsbergen as an example. Its objective is to investigate how an Arctic tourism discourse emerged around 1900 and what its central characteristics were. Covering the period between 1893, when German Arctic cruise tourism took off, and 1914, the article argues that early cruise tourists drew on exploration, adventure and leisure discourses in order to frame their experiences. However, unlike explorers and explorer travellers (Laing and Frost 2014), they wished only to a limited extent to experience adventure themselves, or report transformative experiences due to the sublime landscape; rather, the travel narratives indicate that they were interested above all in observing adventure, this process being facilitated by the advanced technology and luxurious lifestyle of the cruise ships. As the article demonstrates, this ambivalence between images of a wild, uncontrolled and sublime Arctic and an Arctic controlled by modern technology and modern life helped to map the Arctic as a tourism space.
Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of herpangina children in Beijing, China: a surveillance study
Authors: Zhao Tian-Shuo , Du Juan , Li Hong-Jun , Cui Yan , Liu Yaqiong , Yang Yanna , Cui Fuqiang , Lu Qing-Bin 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundHerpangina is a highly infectious disease, which is usually prevalent in preschool children.MethodsThis study analyzed the clinical and pathogenic characteristics of herpangina children to demonstrate the epidemiology of herpangina. Clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators and pharyngeal swabs were collected from children with herpangina who were monitored by Tongzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Beijing, 2008. Utilizing pharyngeal swabs, virus extraction and amplification were performed for nucleotide identification and sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on all sequences amplified in this study and strains retrieved from GenBank.ResultsAmong 190 children with herpangina, 69.0% (131/190) were positive for enterovirus. Eight genotypes were identified, mainly including CV-A6 (39/131), CV-A4 (25/131), CV-A10 (24/131). The phylogenetic analysis showed one CV-A6 strain of Tongzhou was imported from Japan. CV-A10 strains were clustered into five groups (A-E). The dominant cluster of CV-A10 was Group E6 between 2009 and 2013, and converted to Group E5 after 2013. CV-A6 was the predominant pathogen causing herpangina in Tongzhou in 2018, followed by CV-A4 and CV-A10.ConclusionsThe circulation of coxsackievirus had spatiotemporal cluster. In controlling the transmission of herpangina, the surveillance and reporting system should be enhanced.
APRENDIZAGEM BASEADA EM PROJETOS: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA EM CLASSE MULTISSÉRIE NOS ANOS INICIAS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL / PROJECT-BASED LEARNING: A REPORT OF MULTISERIES CLASS EXPERIENCE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Lima Silvana Ferreira , Nunes Enilene Da Conceição , De Souza Ronilson Freitas 
Published: October 2020

Este trabalho relata o uso da metodologia ativa denominada de Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos (ABP) como alternativa pedagógica diferenciada para favorecer o processo de ensino-aprendizagem em ciências da natureza em uma turma multisseriada (27 alunos - do 1º e 2º ano) de uma escola pública municipal. Para verificar se esta atividade favoreceu o processo de ensino-aprendizagem foi analisado os desenhos, relatos orais, diário de bordo, cartas e atividades lúdicas. Notou-se o entusiasmo, participação em grupo, cooperação e interações ativas dos alunos nas fases (âncora, produção de artefatos, questão motriz, aprendizagem expendicionária e avaliação), tais resultados apontaram que a ABP pode ser uma proposta interdisciplinar útil em classes multissérie do município de Salvaterra, pois propiciou a assimilação dos conceitos estudados e resolução de problemas simples e do cotidiano, facilitando o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, bem como, incentivou a investigação científica infanto-juvenil.
Assessment of Antidiarrheal, Antispasmodic and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Seeds Extract of Peganum harmala L. (Nitrariaceae)
Authors: Ansari Mohd Nazam 
Published: October 2020

Background: Many plants and herbs have been shown to possess antidiarrheal, antispasmodic, and antimicrobial activities. The present study was developed to determine the possible antidiarrheal and antispasmodic effects of methanolic extract of Peganum harmala L. (MEPH) in diarrhea and hyperactive gut.
Methodology: The crude MEPH was studied using the in-vivo castor oil-induced diarrhea model in mice, while isolated rat ileum was used in the in-vitro studies. Antimicrobial efficacy of MEPH was tested against different bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia), Yeast (Candida albicans) and Fungus (Aspergillus niger) using in-vitro assays.
Results: In the castor oil-induced diarrhea, MEPH at 100 and 200 mg/kg showed 40% and 80% protection in mice while positive control drug, loperamide showed 100% protection. In the in-vitro experiments, MEPH dose-dependently (0.01 to 0.3 mg/mL) inhibited carbachol and high K+-induced contractions at comparable EC50 values similar to papaverine, a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. The PDE inhibitory like effect was further confirmed when pre-incubated ileum tissues with MEPH (0.1 and 0.3 mg/mL) shift the isoprenaline-mediated inhibitory CRCs against carbachol to the left, similar to papaverine. In antibacterial assay, MEPH showed efficacy against two Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus, and B. subtilis) and one Gram negative bacteria (E. coli). But extract didn’t show any effect against K. pneumoniae. The MEPH also showed efficacy against fungal strain (A. niger) and yeast strain (C. albicans).
Conclusions: MEPH shows antidiarrheal and antispasmodic effects because of its antimotility effect which were possibly due to the inhibition of PDE enzyme. The study has shown an optimal antimicrobial activity of MEPH as all bacteria, yeast and fungal strains were found sensitive except K. pneumoniae. MEPH proved efficacy against both enteric and non-enteric pathogens causing diarrhea, thus confirming its role in both the infectious and non-infectious diarrhea.
Polysaccharide–Peptide Conjugates: A Versatile Material Platform for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Song Hai‐Qing , Fan Yaqian , Hu Yang , Cheng Gang , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNatural polymers, such as polysaccharides and proteins, have been widely studied for numerous biomedical applications because of their bioactivity, natural origin, and biodegradability. To address the different needs of a broad spectrum of biomedical applications, natural polymers are modified with or conjugated to small molecular compounds, synthetic and natural polymers, and inorganic nanomaterials and surfaces. Among these hybrid materials, polysaccharide–peptide conjugates have drawn much attention due to their design flexibility, biocompatibility, tunable degradability, and structure similarity to naturally occurring glycoproteins. In the past 20 years, polysaccharide–peptide conjugates have demonstrated the promising potential to address many long‐standing medical challenges. Thus, the design, conjugation chemistry and method, and biomedical applications of polysaccharide–peptide conjugates are summarized and discussed in this review. The conjugation techniques are reviewed from the view of the chemical reactions. Meanwhile, some inspiring examples of polysaccharide–peptide conjugates in biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems, nucleic acid delivery carriers, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial applications, are highlighted. Moreover, the outlook on the challenges and demands of polysaccharide–peptide conjugates is also elaborated.
Multiple Active Sites Carbonaceous Anodes for Na+ Storage: Synthesis, Electrochemical Properties and Reaction Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Lu Yun , Shin Kang Ho , Yu Yufeng , Hu Yezhou , Liang Jianing , Chen Ke , Yuan Haocheng , Park Ho Seok , Wang Deli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOwing to the earth‐abundant resources, cost effective materials and stable electrochemical properties, sodium‐ions batteries (SIBs) show long‐term potential in responding to the rapid consumption of lithium resources and the ever‐increasing development of new energy storage devices. Nevertheless, the intrinsic properties of the large ion radius (Na+ 1.02 Å vs Li+ 0.76 Å) and positive reduction potential (Na/Na+ −2.71 V vs Li/Li+ −3.04 V) may impede ion diffusion, thus causing serious volume expansion, resulting in poor cycling stability. To address these issues, the incorporation of active sites into carbonaceous anode is considered as an efficient strategy to enhance interfacial compatibility, enlarge interlayer distance, and supply reversible Faradic pseudo‐capacitance. Herein, the multiple active sites carbonaceous anodes for SIBs anode are comprehensively reviewed. Typically, carbonaceous materials are categorized into diffusion and surface controlled based on Na storage mechanism, and the concepts of intrinsic/extrinsic active sites are proposed according to the types of active sites. Furthermore, to reveal the reaction kinetics and guide the rational design of high performance anodes, the (spectro) electrochemical analysis methods and corresponding key parameters are introduced. Additionally, primary superiorities, essential issues, and supposed solutions of multiple active sites carbonaceous Na anodes are discussed and the future development directions are also proposed. This review may provide new design thoughts for high performance carbonaceous Na storage anodes.