bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level of Awareness among Staff and Students of Academic Institutions towards COVID-19 in India
Authors: Karim Shahid , Ahmad Varish 
Published: September 2020

Aim: The conducted survey aims to assess the level of COVID-19 awareness among staff and students of medical and non-medical academic institutions in India.
Methods: The survey was conducted online by consenting students and staff from 02 April-2020 to 16 July 2020, participants completed and submitted COVID-19 questionnaire. A total of 300 participants responded by taking the self-administered questionnaire.
Results: Of 300 participants, almost 83.45% had good knowledge that the disease is contagious; 99% observe acceptable practices regarding COVID-19 and (83%) majority seek knowledge from social media. Learning about symptoms of COVID-19 and its spread was marginally higher (p<0.05) among medical participants as compared to non-medical participants. Awareness about the preventive measures was insignificant (p<0.063) between medical and non-medical respondents. The responses collected for treatment options were also negligible though 83% believe that there is a treatment vaccine and medicine available. Mention single percentage from all participants or mention separate for medical and non medical institutions.
Conclusion: The study concluded that academic institutions had good knowledge and awareness towards COVID-19 symptoms and its prevention though there are gaps in specific aspects of knowledge, prevention practices and treatments that should be addressed in future awareness and educational campaigns. The study recommends the ministry of health and family welfare to promote all precautionary and preventive measures of COVID-19 consisting of a well-organized approach to include students, institutions and society: including under privileged, geriatric and people with limited information, in order to effectively implement these precautionary and awareness measures.
Oxidation of Arsenite by Epoxy Group on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Metal Oxide Composite Materials
Authors: Shi Qiantao , Yan Li , Jing Chuanyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReduced graphene oxide/metal oxide (rGO/MO) hybrid has been widely used as a catalyst, while dissolved oxygen or radicals are generally recognized as the oxidant. This study finds that the adsorbed arsenite (As(III)) on rGO/MO is oxidized to arsenate (As(V)) in the absence of other oxidants or radicals. The oxidation of As(III) is observed on varying rGO/MOs, including rGO/MOs composited of different types of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and metal oxide. The epoxy group on rGO acts as the oxidant, evidenced by the significant correlation between the consumption of epoxy group and oxidation of As(III). Meanwhile, metal oxide provides adsorption sites for As(III) during the adsorption–oxidation process. Based on a combination of spectroscopic measurements and computational calculation, a possible pathway for As(III) oxidation by rGO/MO is proposed: the oxygen atom in the epoxy group is bonded to the adsorbed AsIIIO3, which is consequently oxidized to AsVO4. Overall, this study proves the role of rGO/MO as an oxidant, which opens a new perspective on future studies using rGO/MO as a catalyst for the oxidation reaction.
Pasture rejuvenation using sainfoin and cicer milkvetch in western Canada
Authors: Khatiwada Bikash , Acharya Surya N. , Larney Francis J. , Lupwayi Newton Z. , Smith Elwin G. , Islam M. Anowarul , Thomas James E. , Poudel Hari P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSod‐seeding of depleted pastures with non‐bloating legumes can be a low‐cost pasture rejuvenation strategy for ranchers in the North American prairies. A study was conducted to determine if sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia subsp. vicifolia) or cicer milkvetch (CMV) (Astragalus cicer L.) populations or cultivars (hereinafter populations) can be used to rejuvenate alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) or grass pastures. The study included sainfoin populations with increased fitness to grow with alfalfa and CMV cultivars that were selected for early emergence and rapid seedling growth. These populations were seeded using three seeding methods: traditional re‐seeding, drilling seed with Great Plains drill, or Pan drill, using split‐plot randomization at three locations in Alberta in 2015 or 2016. Lethbridge had pre‐existing alfalfa while Ponoka and Red Deer were predominantly grass pastures. The sod‐seeded rejuvenation, as indicated by percentage dry matter (DM) contributed by newly planted species succeeded at Lethbridge (≥15), failed at Ponoka (∼1), and partially succeeded at Red Deer (≥9). Successful establishment of new plants did not increase the total forage mass of the rejuvenated pasture. Sainfoin populations established better and contributed greater forage mass compared to CMV cultivars when sod‐seeded on alfalfa pasture, but the improvement was not consistent on grass pasture. Forage nutritive values were not different among populations within species, but pasture seeded with CMV cultivars had greater crude protein than unseeded plots. Sod‐seeded grass–legume pasture had greater crude protein than unseeded plots at Red Deer. Sod‐seeding alfalfa pasture with sainfoin populations can be an efficient pasture rejuvenation strategy.
Survey of disorders of sex development in a large cohort of patients with diverse Mendelian phenotypes
Authors: Abualsaud Dalia , Hashem Mais , AlHashem Amal , Alkuraya Fowzan S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDisorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions with atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex. The estimated incidence ranges from 1 in 4,500–5,500 for strictly defined “ambiguous genitalia” to 1 in 300 or higher when a broader definition is implemented. In this study, we aim to define DSD phenotypes encountered in a large heterogeneous cohort of molecularly characterized Mendelian disorders in a single center. Data were retrieved for patients with documented abnormal genitalia based on the 2006 consensus criteria. Out of 149 patients (129 families) with compatible human phenotype ontology, 76 patients (68 families) had an identified genetic cause and were included in our analysis. Potentially causal variants were identified in 42 genes, and two patients had a dual molecular diagnosis. Six genes have no associated phenotype in OMIM (PIANP, CELSR2, USP2, FAM179B, TXNDC15, and CCDC96). Thirteen genes have non‐DSD OMIM phenotypes, thus we are expanding their phenotype to include DSD. We also highlight how certain disorders are under‐recognized despite their established DSD phenotype in OMIM, especially CTU2‐related DREAM‐PL syndrome and TSPYL1‐related sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome. In conclusion, this study of a large heterogeneous Mendelian cohort expands the list of genes and disorders beyond those classically DSD‐linked.
The upper limb skeleton and behavioral lateralization of modern humans from Zhaoguo Cave, southwestern China
Authors: Wei Pianpian , Lu Hongliang , Carlson Kristian J. , Zhang Handong , Hui Jiaming , Zhu Mei , He Kunyu , Jashashvili Tea , Zhang Xinglong , Yuan Haibing , Xing Song 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesAims of the study are to initially describe and comparatively evaluate the morphology of the new Zhaoguo M1 upper limb remains, and contextualize upper limb functional adaptations among those of other worldwide Upper Paleolithic (UP) humans to make inferences about subsistence‐related activity patterns in southwestern China at the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary.Materials and methodsThe preserved Zhaoguo M1 skeletal remains include paired humeri, ulnae, and radii, among others. These specimens were scanned using micro‐computed tomography to evaluate internal structural properties, while external osteometric dimensions of the Zhaoguo M1 upper limb elements also were acquired. Both sets of measurements were compared to published data on Neandertals, and Middle and Upper Paleolithic modern humans.ResultsThe upper limb elements of Zhaoguo M1 display a suite of characteristics that generally resemble those of other contemporary Late UP (LUP) modern humans, while robusticity indices generally fall within the upper range of LUP variation. The Zhaoguo M1 upper limb elements display fewer traits resembling those of late archaic humans. The Zhaoguo M1 individual exhibits diaphyseal asymmetry in several upper limb elements suggesting left hand dominance. When evaluating the full range of magnitudes of humeral bilateral asymmetry in the comparative sample, Zhaoguo M1 falls at the lower end overall, but yet is relatively higher than contemporary LUP modern humans specifically from East Eurasia.DiscussionThe Zhaoguo M1 individual suggests typical LUP modern human upper limb morphology persisted in southwest China until the end of the last glacial period. Upper limb bone asymmetry of Zhaoguo M1 also indicates that behavioral activities attributed to a hunter‐gatherer tradition apparently extended through the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in this region.
Serum potassium level as a biomarker for acute caffeine poisoning
Authors: Tsuji Tomoatsu , Morita Seiji , Saito Takeshi , Nakagawa Yoshihide , Inokuchi Sadaki 
Published: September 2020

AimAcute caffeine poisoning presents with hypokalemia, although a relationship between potassium levels and blood concentrations of caffeine has not been established. A correlation between serum potassium level and blood caffeine concentration could establish serum potassium as a simple marker to assess caffeine toxicity in patients with acute toxicity. We investigated whether serum potassium, a symptom of acute caffeine poisoning, could be a parameter correlated with blood caffeine levels.MethodsWe enrolled 85 patients treated for acute caffeine poisoning between January 2012 and March 2019 with blood caffeine levels measured after an overdose of a caffeine‐containing over‐the‐counter drug and for whom serum potassium levels were available. We examined the correlation between serum potassium and blood caffeine concentration. A receiver operating characteristic curve was created with serum potassium values to stratify participants into two groups by blood caffeine concentrations: <20 or ≥20 mg/L (toxic dose) and <80 or ≥80 mg/L (lethal dose). The lethal cut‐off value was calculated.ResultsThe correlation coefficient between serum potassium level and blood caffeine concentration was −0.612 (R2 = 0.374), indicating a negative correlation. The areas under the curve at blood caffeine concentrations of 20 mg/L (toxic dose) and 80 mg/L (lethal dose) and serum potassium levels were 0.716 and 0.888 (sensitivity, 0.829 and 0.919; specificity, 0.568 and 0.818; cut‐off, 3.3 mEq/L and 2.9 mEq/L), respectively.ConclusionSerum potassium levels are associated with blood caffeine concentrations; K+ of 3.3 mEq/L and 2.9 mEq/L indicate acute caffeine poisoning in the toxic and lethal dose, respectively.
Non‐Metal Single‐Phosphorus‐Atom Catalysis of Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Fu Weiwei , Wang Yanwei , Tian Wu , Zhang Huijuan , Li Jian , Wang Shuangyin , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNon‐metal‐based single‐atom catalysts (SACs) offer low cost, simple synthesis methods, and effective regulation for substrates. Herein, we developed a simplified pressurized gas‐assisted process, and report the first non‐metal single‐atom phosphorus with atomic‐level dispersion on unique single‐crystal Mo2C hexagonal nanosheet arrays with a (001) plane supported by carbon sheet (SAP‐Mo2C‐CS). The SAP‐Mo2C‐CS is structurally stable and shows exceptional electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A so‐called high‐active “window” based on the active sites of P atoms and their adjacent Mo atoms gives a ΔGH*close to zero for hydrogen evolution, which is the most ideal ΔGH*reported so far. Meanwhile, the moderate d‐band center value of SAP‐Mo2C‐CS can be also used as an ideal standard value to evaluate the HER performance in non‐metal‐based SACs.
Study of poly(organic palygorskite‐methyl methacrylate)/poly(ethylene oxide) blended gel polymer electrolyte for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Yuan Ge , Zhang Hairong , Wang Mengkun , Chen Xindong , Guo Haijun , Chen Xinde 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, the composite polymer was prepared by blending poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and POPM (the copolymer of methyl methacrylate [MMA] and organically modified palygorskite), and then the composite polymer based membrane was obtained by phase‐inversion method. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the composite polymer membrane has a three‐dimensional network structure. X‐ray diffraction results indicated that the crystalline region of PEO is disappeared when introduction of a certain amount of the PEO. Meanwhile, the elongation of composite polymer membrane increased when increasing PEO concentration, but the value of tensile strength of PEO‐POPM membrane decreased. When the mass fraction of PEO was 24%, the porosity and maximum value of ionic conductivity of the composite polymer membrane were 54% and 2.41 mS/cm, respectively. The electrochemical stability window of Li/gel composite polymer electrolyte/stainless steel batteries was close to 5.3 V (vs. Li+/Li), and the battery of Li/gel composite polymer electrolyte/LiFePO4 showed good cycling performance and the discharge capacity of the battery were between 169.8 and 155 mAh/g. Meanwhile, the Coulombic efficiency of the battery maintained over 95% during the 80 cycles.
Temperature and loading speed sensitivity of glass/carbon inter‐ply hybrid polymer composites on tensile loading
Authors: Dasari Srinivasu , Saurabh Sushant , Prusty Rajesh Kumar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study is focused on the evaluation of the tensile performance of glass/carbon inter‐ply hybrid fiber‐reinforced polymer composites at different combinations of temperatures and loading speeds. With an increase in the number of carbon/epoxy (CE) ply in glass/epoxy (GE) composites, some of the tensile properties as tensile modulus, strain at failure, and difference of strain at failure of different fibers are enhanced. Further, the change in the stacking sequence of the CE ply at a particular hybrid ratio alters the tensile properties as well as the nature of failure. Placing a CE ply in place of GE ply at the center in the GE composite resulted in hybrid composite (G2C1G2) that imparts pseudo‐ductility as well as hybrid effect in the composite. On the other hand, replacing a GE ply with CE at one end (C1G4) and both ends (C1G3C1) imparted improved strain at failure and positive hybrid effect in the composites. The tensile modulus of G2C1G2outstrips the modulus of CE and GE by 12.05% and 65.95% at a loading speed of 0.1 mm/min and a temperature of 110°C. Fractography analysis of neat as well as hybrid composites was done to analyze the fracture mechanism.
Concentration of xylooligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerization using membranes and their effect on bacterial fermentation
Authors: Singh Ramkrishna D. , Muir Jane , Arora Amit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractXylooligosaccharide (XOS) liquor, enzymatically obtained from almond‐shell hemicellulose and consisting primarily of xylobiose and xylotriose, was refined and concentrated using a combination of membranes and ion‐exchange resin. The concentrated liquor was used for an in vitro fermentation study utilizing different strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Upon ultrafiltration with a 10 kDa membrane, high molecular‐weight components, including enzymes and color‐imparting impurities, could be removed from the liquor. Upon nanofiltration with a 150 Da membrane, at a volume:concentration ratio of 8.9, a retentate containing 79% xylobiose and 41.3% xylotriose was obtained. At the end of filtration, 69.6 ± 3.8% of the initial XOS was recovered, with concentrated xylobiose and xylotriose in the retentate. The resin treatment further improved the purity of the XOS concentrate via decoloration and deacidification. Among the evaluated strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, L. acidophilus, B. adolescentis, and B. brevis could ferment XOS to a varying extent, as indicated by their difference in growth, to produce acetate as a predominant short‐chain fatty acid. For Lactobacillus, a 10–12‐fold increase in the bacterial population was observed at the end of 48 h. On the other hand, Bifidobacterium grew slowly to show about a 1.2 to fourfold increase in the bacterial population at the end of 72 h. A bacterial preference for fermenting xylobiose rather than xylotriose or xylotetrose was also observed, justifying the production of XOS with a low degree of polymerization. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Impact of surgical infrastructure and personnel on volume and availability of essential surgical procedures in Liberia
Authors: Adde H A , Duinen A J , Oghogho M D , Dunbar N K , Tehmeh L G , Hampaye T C , Salvesen Ø , Weiser T G , Bolkan H A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Essential surgical procedures rank among the most cost-effective of all healthcare interventions. The aim of this study was to enumerate surgical volumes in Liberia, quantify surgical infrastructure, personnel and availability of essential surgical procedures, describe surgical facilities, and assess the influence of human resources and infrastructure on surgical volumes.

Methods
An observational countrywide survey was done in Liberia between 20 September and 8 November 2018. All healthcare facilities performing surgical procedures requiring general, regional or local anaesthesia in an operating theatre between September 2017 and August 2018 were eligible for inclusion. Information on facility infrastructure and human resources was collected by interviewing key personnel. Data on surgical volumes were extracted from operating theatre log books.

Results
Of 70 healthcare facilities initially identified as possible surgical facilities, 52 confirmed operative capacity and were eligible for inclusion; all but one shared surgical data. A national surgical volume of 462 operations per 100 000 population was estimated. The median hospital offered nine of 26 essential surgical procedures. Unequal distributions of surgical infrastructure, personnel, and essential surgical procedures were identified between facilities. In multivariable regression analysis, surgical human resources (β = 0·60, 95 per cent c.i. 0·34 to 0·87; P &lt; 0·001) and infrastructure (β = 0·03, 0·02 to 0·04; P &lt; 0·001) were found to be strongly associated with operative volumes.

Conclusion
The availability of essential surgical procedures in Liberia is extremely low. Descriptive tools can quantify inequalities, guide resource allocation, and highlight rational investment areas.
Neurogenic dysphagia in traditional Chinese medicine
Authors: Liu Jia , Wang Lu‐ning 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeurogenic dysphagia is the difficulty in swallowing caused by neurological diseases, which is a very common symptom in neurological disorders. In this paper, we try to summarize the opinions in the pathophysiology and therapy of dysphagia in ancient China (before AD 1840) through the records in the literatures from all the dynasties.MethodsWe searched the databases including Chinese Medical Classics, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, MEDLINE, and ISI Proceedings until July 2020, with the search terms “dysphagia” and “difficulty in swallowing” in English and their Chinese equivalents.Results and ConclusionsThe concept of neurogenic dysphagia was first described as Hou Bi in the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic, which is the first Chinese medical classic and the origin of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. In the different eras, the pathogenesis of neurogenic dysphagia was explained mainly by three theories in TCM, that is, the wind‐phlegm blocking collaterals, the deficiency of liver and kidney‐essence, and the Qi‐stagnation with static blood. In addition to the TCM prescriptions, acupuncture is characteristic treatment and seems to be effective. However, the evidences of efficacy and safety from clinical trials are still required.
Comparison of nutritional quality and sensory acceptability of biscuits obtained from wheat, native, or extruded sorghum flour
Authors: Yu Miao , Zhu Kai , Wang Xiaohe , Lu Ming , Zhang Liangchen , Fu Xin , Wang Yanqiu , Xiao Zhigang , Yang Qingyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the fifth leading cereal crop in the world. In recent years, sorghum has gained increasing popularity not only in areas of poor soil quality producing the same amount of fodder as corn but also for its nutrition and functional characteristics. In this study, a fuzzy mathematical model was used in the sensory assessment of wheat, sorghum, and extrusion sorghum flour biscuits to improve the reliability of the conclusion.FindingsThe results showed that sorghum flour (SF) and extrusion sorghum flour (ESF‐80, ESF‐100 and ESF‐120. 80,100 and 120 represent different extrusion temperatures respectively) improved the RS of wheat flour (WF). However, tannins are present in SF and ESF‐100 but not in ESF‐80 and ESF‐120. For the biscuit samples, the WF + SF biscuit (WSFB) and WF + ESF biscuit (WESFB) had more RS. All of the types of biscuits had no tannins, and the amino acid contents were all approximately the same. The fuzzy mathematical model of biscuit sensory assessment indicated that optimum formulations added ESF‐80.ConclusionsThis study shows that ESF‐80 addition improves the nutrition, health composition, and sensory acceptability of biscuits.Significance and noveltyThese results are important for biscuit producers who need more resistant starch in their productions. Our study is the first to provide a fuzzy mathematical model on the sensory assessment of wheat, sorghum, and extrusion sorghum flour biscuits.
Purpuric rash in an adolescent with fever, pancytopenia, and an hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis‐like syndrome due to parvovirus B19
Authors: Koliou Maria , Tryfonos Anna , Charalambous Myria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA rare case of parvovirus B19 infection associated with fever, hemorrhagic rash, and a clinical course resembling an incomplete HLH syndrome is presented. Parvovirus B19 should be included in the evaluation of febrile purpura and HLH‐like syndrome.
Distinct proportions of cholinergic neurons in the rat prepositus hypoglossi nucleus according to their cerebellar projection targets
Authors: Sugimura Taketoshi , Saito Yasuhiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCerebellar functions are modulated by cholinergic inputs, the density of which varies among cerebellar regions. Although the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus (PHN), a brainstem structure involved in controlling gaze holding, is known as one of the major sources of these cholinergic inputs, the proportions of cholinergic neurons in PHN projections to distinct cerebellar regions have not been quantitatively analyzed. In this study, we identified PHN neurons projecting to the cerebellum by applying retrograde labeling with dextran‐conjugated Alexa 488 in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐tdTomato transgenic rats and compared the proportion of cholinergic PHN neurons in the PHN projections to four different regions of the cerebellum, namely the flocculus (FL), the uvula and nodulus (UN), lobules III‐V in the vermis (VM), and the hemispheric paramedian lobule and crus 2 (PC). In the PHN, the percentage of cholinergic PHN neurons was lower in the projection to the FL than in the projection to the UN, VM or PC. Preposito‐cerebellar neurons, except for preposito‐FL neurons, included different proportions of cholinergic neurons at different rostrocaudal positions in the PHN. These results suggest that cholinergic PHN neurons project to not only the vestibulocerebellum but also the anterior vermis and posterior hemisphere and that the proportion of cholinergic neurons among projection neurons from the PHN differs depending on cerebellar target areas and the rostro‐caudal regions of the PHN. This study provides insights regarding the involvement of cerebellar cholinergic networks in gaze holding.