bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural properties of nanocomposites based on resole‐type phenol‐formaldehyde oligomers and detonation nanodiamonds
Authors: Shkodich Valentina , Temnikova Nadezhda , Boyko Irina , Leicht Heinrich , Kraus Eduard , Shkodich Natalia , Stoyanov Oleg 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTUsing the methods of infrared spectroscopy (IRS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was shown that short‐term high‐energy machining of detonation nanodiamonds (DND) leads to structural changes in the crystal structure and functional composition of the surface layer on particles. The possibility of spontaneous formation for stable colloidal systems with a narrow size distribution of mechanically activated DND in phenol‐formaldehyde oligomers (PFO) was established. By molecular spectroscopy it was revealed that π → π* interactions of the aromatic rings of PFO are caused by orientational phenomena as a result of hydrogen bonds between an activated DND surface and functional groups of PFO. The effect of DND concentration on the curing reaction parameters ofpsgr the phenol‐formaldehyde oligomer was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The concentration effect of mechanically activated nanodiamonds on the physical and mechanical characteristics of a composite material based on phenol‐formaldehyde binder and polyamide paper (Nomex) was studied. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48582.
Synthesis of highly transparent and thermally stable copolyimide with fluorine‐containing dianhydride and alicyclic dianhydride
Authors: Xu Wenhua , Ma Xiaoru , Su Yuanhai , Song Yang , Shang Minjing , Lu Xuemin , Lu Qinghua 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe development of optical films is highly desirable for applications in flexible displayers. In this work, a copolyimide (co‐PI) film with high thermal stability and high transparency was prepared by the copolymerization of 2,2′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether, cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA). The effects of aliphatic dianhydride and fluorine dianhydride monomers on the optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the co‐PIs were discussed in detail based on the experimental results and theoretical simulations. We found that the preparation of polyimide (PI) based on the combination of two dianhydrides could obtain the PI film with excellent comprehensive performance due to nonconjugated structure and strong electron‐withdrawing effect. Through the structure and composition optimization, a PI film of PI‐6FDA‐70 with Tg of 300 °C, Td10% more than 500 °C, the average transparency of 90% and the elongation at the breakage more than 8% was prepared. Such molecular design provides a practical approach to develop high‐performance colorless PI films. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48603.
Remote monitoring of a deep‐sea marine protected area: The Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents
Authors: Juniper S. Kim , Thornborough Kate , Douglas Karen , Hillier Joy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Deep‐sea marine protected areas (MPAs) present particular challenges for management. Their remote location means there is limited knowledge of species and habitat distribution, and rates and scales of change. Yet, evaluating the attainment of conservation objectives and managing the impact of human activities both require a quantitative understanding of natural variability in species composition/abundance and habitat conditions.
Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) and Fisheries and Oceans Canada are collaborating in the development of remote monitoring tools for the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents MPA in the north‐east Pacific. This 98.5 km2 MPA, located 250 km offshore Vancouver Island, encompasses five major fields of hydrothermal vents, at depths of 2200–2400 m. A real‐time cabled observatory was installed at the Endeavour site in 2010.
Scientific research for the conservation, protection and understanding of the area is permitted within the MPA and is the primary activity impacting the area. Research activities require the use of submersibles for sampling, surveying and observatory infrastructure maintenance. Data and imagery from remotely operated vehicle dives and fixed subsea observatory sensors are archived in real time using ONC's Oceans 2.0 software system, enabling evaluation of the spatial footprint of research activity in the MPA and the baseline level of natural ecosystem change.
Recent examples of database queries that support MPA management include: (1) using ESRI ArcGIS spatial analysis tools to create kernel density ‘heat maps’ to quantify the intensity of sampling and survey activity within the MPA; and (2) quantifying high‐frequency variability in vent fauna and habitat using sensor and fixed camera data.
Collaboration between researchers and MPA managers can help mitigate the logistical challenges of monitoring remote MPAs. Recognition at the policy level of the importance of such partnerships could facilitate the extension of scientific missions to support more formal monitoring programmes.
Integrating social network development into marine protected area management capacity building and institutionalization in the Philippines and Indonesia
Authors: Nelson Anne , Johnson Gabrielle L. , Wenzel Lauren , Antoine Adrienne , Avilla Lea , Manubag Ma. Leanna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Recent research demonstrates a critical and ongoing need for capacity building of marine protected area (MPA) practitioners in order to ensure effective management of MPAs and MPA networks that protect coastal and marine ecosystems. MPA capacity development needs are site and network specific, although commonly include leadership development, building shared goals across networks, understanding impacts and identifying appropriate management approaches, and building system‐wide monitoring and evaluation programmes.
Designing capacity‐building programmes at the network scale can contribute directly to enhancing learning and social networking, sustaining and strengthening effective management of ecosystems, and improving coordinated network governance. Network‐wide capacity building amplifies the effect and availability of technical resources and expertise, lessons learned at different management scales, and collaborative decision‐making. The net result is shared capacity development across the network and improved functioning of multiple MPAs as a unit, all from a singular capacity‐building effort.
In the spirit of contributing to the ongoing growth of the global social network of MPA practitioners, this paper shares observations from social MPA network building as part of recent MPA capacity building in the Philippines and Indonesia. These programmes deliver technical capacity and a participatory learning framework for participants to enhance their MPA social network and support long‐term implementation of gained knowledge and skills.

Important elements in supporting successful network development through capacity‐building programming include:

comprehensive needs assessment;
strong collaborative partnerships for programme delivery;
clear learning objectives and intended long‐term results; and
strong and sustained political will at the local, national, and regional scales.

Each MPA site, region, and capacity‐building programme is unique in structure and content, yet what all programmes have in common is that they build on the principles of trust and community building to create a locally relevant format and framework for the network to flourish.
Indigenous protected areas in Sea Country: Indigenous‐driven collaborative marine protected areas in Australia
Authors: Rist Phil , Rassip Whitney , Yunupingu Djalinda , Wearne Jonathan , Gould Jackie , Dulfer‐Hyams Melanie , Bock Ellie , Smyth Dermot 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

In many parts of the world, policymakers, legislators, marine managers, and indigenous peoples have attempted to reconcile marine protected area (MPA) governance and management with indigenous peoples' ancient and ongoing traditional ownership of coastal and marine environments. This paper describes a novel approach in Australia to addressing this challenge through indigenous‐led planning and collaborative governance of holistic coastal land and sea indigenous protected areas (IPAs) based on the indigenous concept of “Country”—traditional land and sea estates and their associated cultural, environmental, and other values.
To provide context to this approach, the paper explains the concept of “Sea Country” and provides an overview of the relationship between indigenous peoples and Australia's coastal and marine environments, the legal and policy recognition of Indigenous Sea Country rights and interests, and the engagement of indigenous people in the governance and management of government‐led, legislated MPAs in Australia.
The paper then describes the evolution of IPAs from being specifically based on indigenous land tenure to being based more generally on Indigenous Country, across multiple tenures, including marine areas. In recent years, IPAs based on Country have enabled indigenous people to lead planning and governance of land and sea areas over which they have limited legal rights, including over existing national parks and marine parks. Using this approach, some IPAs complement existing protected area governance and management arrangements, whereas elsewhere Country‐based IPAs are adding significantly to Australia's MPA estate. The Dhimurru IPA in the Northern Territory and Girringun Region IPAs in Queensland are presented as examples of this Country‐based approach.
This indigenous‐driven, collaborative, nonlegislative approach to dedicating, governing and managing coastal areas and MPAs may serve as a model in other nation states for indigenous people wishing to use a protected area governance framework to support the contemporary management of their traditional marine and coastal estates.
Understanding and valuing conflicts in marine protected areas: The best way to develop innovations?
Authors: Beuret Jean‐Eudes , Cadoret Anne , Pothin Karine , Barnay Anne‐Sophie , Le Bihan Onyx , Sevin Allouet Marie‐Aude 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Marine protected areas face numerous conflicts associated with the implementation of conservation measures. These conflicts generate costs, prevent progress, make cooperation between stakeholders difficult and create risks of ineffectiveness.
Although they are often concealed or circumvented, they also offer opportunities for new connections and collective innovation. Rather than leaving them to these kinds of avoidance strategies, conflicts were the subject of a Knowledge Café event at the Fourth International Marine Protected Area Congress to compare the perspectives of managers, decision‐makers and scientists on dealing with conflict.
This contribution presents the conceptual framework for discussions during and after the Fourth International Marine Protected Area Congress and the operational and research avenues they open up.
Cross‐referencing the results of this collective approach and research contributions makes it possible to characterize the diversity and complexity of conflicts in marine protected areas and the driving forces behind them and analyse resolution strategies. Instead of avoidance strategies, the causes and consequences of the idea of understanding and valuing conflicts is explored, along with operational approaches to achieving this.
From one to ten: Canada's approach to achieving marine conservation targets
Authors: Schram Catherine , Ladell Kate , Mitchell Jessica , Chute Christie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The Government of Canada has committed to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Strategic Plan for Biodiversity, which includes the Aichi Biodiversity Targets.
Aichi Target 11 indicates that countries are to conserve at least 10% of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, by 2020.
In 2015 Canada affirmed its commitment to the 10% target, and also committed to an interim target to protect 5% of coastal and marine areas by the end of 2017. The interim target was met in October 2017 through a combination of federal and provincial marine protected areas (MPAs) and fisheries area closures that qualify as other effective area‐based conservation measures (OECMs), which are referred to domestically as marine refuges.
In 2016 the Government of Canada set out a five‐point plan for achieving its marine conservation targets, which includes finishing what was started, protecting large offshore areas, protecting areas under pressure, advancing OECMs and establishing MPAs faster.
Key challenges that the Government of Canada faces in meeting its 2020 marine conservation target include balancing socio‐economic impacts with the need to conserve biodiversity and sustain ecosystem health and ensuring meaningful engagement with partners and stakeholders in a short period of time.
Once Canada has met its 2020 marine conservation target it will continue to advance ongoing marine conservation initiatives, most notably the development of a national conservation network, and seek to ensure effective long‐term conservation through the management, monitoring and enforcement of established MPAs and OECMs.
Role of Graphitic Nitrogen and π‐Conjugated Functional Groups in Selective Oxidation of Alcohols: A DFT based Mechanistic Elucidation
Authors: Kumar Choutipalli Venkata Surya , Subramanian Venkatesan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSelective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes is challenging reaction due to its accessibility to overoxidation. In this study, we have made an attempt to unravel the mechanistic aspects of selective oxidation of allyl alcohols that contain multiple functional groups catalyzed by N‐doped graphene. The role of graphitic nitrogen and the presence of π‐conjugated functional groups are demonstrated using the state‐of‐the‐art density functional theory calculations. The detailed reaction mechanism for aerobic oxidation of allyl alcohol (AA) and cinnamyl alcohol (CA) are investigated. The formation of activated oxygen species (AOS) over N‐doped graphene (NG) has been adopted from our previous report. The results revealed that ketonic AOS oxidizes allyl alcohols into aldehydes selectively with a relatively lower activation barrier of 20.1 kcal mol−1. The oxidation of alcohols with the AOS formed at the edge results in high activation barriers owing to its high thermodynamic stability. Similarly, AOS formed at the center leads to the formation of H2O2 along with high activation barriers. As a consequence, AOS formed at the center is less active when compared to ketonic AOS. The overoxidation of aldehyde is only possible due to the formation of H2O2. However, it is unlikely to happen due to unfavorable ambient conditions. The presence of multiple π‐conjugated functional groups is responsible for the significant reduction in the activation barriers of the second hydrogen transfer step due to the stabilization of intermediate by increasing the acidic nature of the intermediates. On the basis of the results, a generalized reaction mechanism has been proposed. These results would definitely shed light on the effective fabrication of catalysts for oxidation of alcohol and sustainable energy.
Adaptive backstepping tracking control of a car with n trailers based on RBF neural network
Authors: Jin Zengke , Liang Zhenying , Guo Pengfei , Zheng Mingwen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn adaptive control scheme based on a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is proposed for the kinematic model of a car with n trailers. Firstly, a chained system for a kinematic model of a car with n trailers is introduced, then the tracking error system is given. Secondly, a RBFNN controller is designed using the backstepping method and adaptive method, in which neural networks (NNs) are used to approximate the unknown functions in the error system. By using Lyapunov stability theory, the adaptive law of network weights is designed. This method ensures the stability of the error system. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the approach.
Dynamic lag analysis reveals atypical brain information flow in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Raatikainen Ville , Korhonen Vesa , Borchardt Viola , Huotari Niko , Helakari Heta , Kananen Janne , Raitamaa Lauri , Joskitt Leena , Loukusa Soile , Hurtig Tuula , Ebeling Hanna , Uddin Lucina Q. , Kiviniemi Vesa 
Published: October 2019

This study investigated whole‐brain dynamic lag pattern variations between neurotypical (NT) individuals and individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by applying a novel technique called dynamic lag analysis (DLA). The use of 3D magnetic resonance encephalography data with repetition time = 100 msec enables highly accurate analysis of the spread of activity between brain networks. Sixteen resting‐state networks (RSNs) with the highest spatial correlation between NT individuals (n = 20) and individuals with ASD (n = 20) were analyzed. The dynamic lag pattern variation between each RSN pair was investigated using DLA, which measures time lag variation between each RSN pair combination and statistically defines how these lag patterns are altered between ASD and NT groups. DLA analyses indicated that 10.8% of the 120 RSN pairs had statistically significant (P‐value <0.003) dynamic lag pattern differences that survived correction with surrogate data thresholding. Alterations in lag patterns were concentrated in salience, executive, visual, and default‐mode networks, supporting earlier findings of impaired brain connectivity in these regions in ASD. 92.3% and 84.6% of the significant RSN pairs revealed shorter mean and median temporal lags in ASD versus NT, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that altered lag patterns indicating atypical spread of activity between large‐scale functional brain networks may contribute to the ASD phenotype. Autism Res 2020, 13: 244–258. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by atypical neurodevelopment. Using an ultra‐fast neuroimaging procedure, we investigated communication across brain regions in adults with ASD compared with neurotypical (NT) individuals. We found that ASD individuals had altered information flow patterns across brain regions. Atypical patterns were concentrated in salience, executive, visual, and default‐mode network areas of the brain that have previously been implicated in the pathophysiology of the disorder.
A comparison of the ASD experience of low‐SES hispanic and non‐hispanic white parents
Authors: Ferguson Adriana , Vigil Debra C. 
Published: October 2019

This study compared the experiences of Hispanic families, who were primarily of Mexican heritage, and non‐Hispanic White families from the United States both from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds having a child with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that Hispanic children are diagnosed with ASD 2 years later than non‐Hispanic White children [Baio et al., MMWR Surveillance Summaries 2018:67(SS‐6): 1–23]. However, there has been limited investigation in exploring how SES might impact both diagnosis and experience. A survey of basic demographic information and a qualitative survey were used for this study. Basic demographic information obtained included SES, parent educational level, age of diagnosis of the children, religious affiliation, and marital status. Hour‐long interviews were conducted to gather information about the personal experiences of these families relating to diagnoses and treatment. Comparative results of basic demographic information showed no difference in age of diagnosis between the two groups when SES was controlled. Although SES was controlled, the non‐Hispanic White families had a higher education level and were slightly wealthier. Qualitatively, similarities included family support, doctor response to parent concerns, and acceptance of diagnosis by family members and friends. Differences included religious views, acceptance of diagnosis, knowledge of developmental milestones, and finding resources. Most significantly, the findings indicate no difference in the age of diagnosis of ASD between the Hispanic and non‐Hispanic White children, which could be attributed to increased awareness and having access to a proactive parent organization. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1880–1890. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study showed that Hispanic and Non‐Hispanic White children from poor backgrounds got a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at the same age. Results show differences in religious views, acceptance of diagnosis, knowledge of milestones, and finding resources. This might be because people are more aware of ASD today and Hispanic families were involved with an active parent organization.
Population-based study of the prevalence and management of self-reported high pain scores in patients with non-resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tung S , Coburn N G , Davis L E , Mahar A L , Myrehaug S , Zhao H , Earle C C , Nathens A , Hallet J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Pain is a common debilitating symptom in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This cohort study examined the use of, and factors associated with, pain-directed interventions for a high pain score in patients with non-curable pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Methods
Administrative databases were linked and patients with non-resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 2010 and 2016, who reported one or more Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) score, were identified. A high pain score was defined as an ESAS score of at least 4. Outcomes were pain-directed interventions: opiates (in patients aged 65 years or more with universal drug coverage), nerve block and radiation therapy for a high pain score. Reduction in pain score of at least 1 point after pain-directed intervention was also evaluated. Modified Poisson regression was used to examine factors associated with pain-directed intervention.

Results
Among 2623 patients with a median age of 67 years, 1223 (46·6 per cent) were women, and 1621 (61·8 per cent) reported a high pain score at a median of 38 days after diagnosis. Of those with a high pain score, 75·6 per cent (688 of 910) received opiates, 13·5 per cent (219 of 1621) radiation and 1·2 per cent (19 of 1621) nerve block. The pain score decreased in 62·1 per cent of patients after administration of opiates, 73·4 per cent after radiation and all patients after nerve block. In multivariable analysis, no patient factor (age, sex, co-morbidity burden, rurality, income quintile) was associated with receipt of non-opiate pain-directed intervention for a high pain score. In patients aged at least 65 years, advanced age was associated with lower odds of opiate use.

Conclusion
Opiates are the most common pain-directed intervention for non-curable pancreatic adenocarcinoma, whereas radiation therapy and nerve blocks are seldom used. The lack of association between pain-directed interventions and patient factors points toward practice-driven patterns.