bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human and Aquatic Toxicity Potential of Petroleum Biodegradation Metabolite Mixtures in Groundwater from Fuel Release Sites
Authors: Patterson Timothy J. , Kristofco Lauren , Tiwary Asheesh K. , Magaw Renae I. , Zemo Dawn A. , O'Reilly Kirk T. , Mohler Rachel E. , Ahn Sungwoo , Sihota Natasha , Devine Catalina Espino 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The potential toxicity to human and aquatic receptors of petroleum fuel biodegradation metabolites (oxygen-containing organic compounds [OCOCs]) in groundwater has been investigated as part of a multi-year research program. Whole mixtures collected from locations upgradient and downgradient of multiple fuel release sites were tested using: 1) in vitro screening assays for human genotoxicity (the gamma-H2AX assay) and estrogenic effects (estrogen receptor transcriptional activation assay), and 2) chronic aquatic toxicity tests in 3 species (Ceriodaphnia dubia, Raphidocelis subcapitata, and Pimephales promelas). In vitro screening assay results demonstrated that the mixtures did not cause genotoxic or estrogenic effects. No OCOC-related aquatic toxicity was observed and when aquatic toxicity did occur, upgradient samples typically had the same response as samples downgradient of the release, indicating that background water quality was impacting the results. This information provides additional support for previous work that focused on the individual compounds and, taken together, indicates that OCOCs from petroleum degradation at fuel release sites are unlikely to cause toxicity to human or freshwater receptors at the concentrations present. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1634–1645. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Polyps of the Jellyfish Aurelia aurita Are Unaffected by Chronic Exposure to a Combination of Pesticides
Authors: Olguín-Jacobson Carolina , Pitt Kylie A. , Carroll Anthony R. , Melvin Steve D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Pesticides are a major contaminant in coastal waters and can cause adverse effects in marine invertebrates such as jellyfish. Most studies have investigated short-term responses of organisms to unrealistically high concentrations of pesticides; however, chronic exposure to persistent low concentrations, which are more likely to occur in the environment, are rarely analyzed. We tested the response of polyps of the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita to environmental concentrations of the herbicide atrazine and the insecticide chlorpyrifos, individually and in combination, over 9 wk. We hypothesized that exposure to individual pesticides would reduce rates of asexual reproduction and alter polyps' metabolite profiles, and that the results would be more severe when polyps were exposed to the combined pesticides. Polyps survived and reproduced (through budding) in all treatments, and no differences among treatments were observed. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed no difference in profiles of polar metabolites of polyps exposed to the individual or combined pesticides. Our results suggest that A. aurita polyps are unaffected by chronic exposure to atrazine and chlorpyrifos at concentrations recommended as being protective by current Australian water quality guidelines. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1685–1692. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Survival, asexual reproduction, and metabolite profile of polyps of the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita were unaffected after chronic exposure to 2 pesticides. NMR = nuclear magnetic resonance.
Investigation on Endocrine Disruption of the Larval Lampricide 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol: Short-Term Reproduction Assay with Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)
Authors: Dinehart Simon , Hubert Terrance D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
3-Trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) has been used for more than 60 yr to control the invasive parasitic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes Basin (USA/Canada). In the early 1990s, researchers reported that TFM induced vitellogenin in fish and that TFM was an agonist for the rainbow trout estrogen receptor. To support continued registration of TFM for sea lamprey control, regulatory agencies required further testing to evaluate potential endocrine disruption effects. Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to TFM at measured concentrations of 0.0659, 0.181, 0.594, 1.79, and 5.11 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/L for 21 d. No-observable- and lowest-observable-effect concentrations (NOEC and LOEC, respectively) were determined to be 1.79 mg/L or greater for each endpoint. Male survival in the highest treatment group was reduced relative to the controls. Percentage of egg fertility was reduced in the highest treatment group, resulting in an estimated NOEC of 1.79 mg/L. Whereas no effect on the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was observed for males, female GSI was increased in the 5.11-mg/L treatment. Vitellogenin production was not altered relative to the controls for all TFM treatment groups. However, female testosterone was elevated in the 5.11-mg/L treatment. The results suggest that prolonged exposure to TFM at concentrations exceeding 1.79 mg/L has the potential to disrupt endocrine function. Biologically relevant effects were found at the highest exposure concentration following a 21-d exposure. However, the duration of exposure in our study is not consistent with typical treatment durations (12 h) for sea lamprey control. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1599–1607. © 2020 SETAC
Challenges Associated with Generating Reliable Nanogram-per-Liter Measurements of Hexavalent Chromium in Groundwater
Authors: Felix Allison , Gable Jennifer , Vitale Rock , Gratson David , Carriker Neil 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and several states are considering regulatory limits for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) &lt;100 ng/L, increasing the importance of obtaining accurate and reliable data. The present study presents the results of 2 studies investigating the effectiveness of chemical preservation on ng/L concentrations of Cr(VI) in groundwater. Chemically preserved and unpreserved aliquots of a groundwater sample were spiked with a known amount of Cr(VI), and then analyzed in tandem with sets of preserved and unpreserved performance test samples over 28 d. The studies showed that although Cr(VI) appears to be relatively stable over 28 d, it may be sensitive to minor matrix changes after collection. The studies also demonstrated significant challenges to measuring Cr(VI) below 100 ng/L, because the results can be subject to positive bias or contamination that may not be readily apparent. We conclude that Cr(VI) measurements using a USEPA published method below 100 ng/L may be categorized as semiquantitative at best. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1526–1533. © 2020 SETAC
Silkworm pupae as source of high‐value edible proteins and of bioactive peptides
Authors: Altomare Alessandra Anna , Baron Giovanna , Aldini Giancarlo , Carini Marina , D'Amato Alfonsina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo characterize the high‐value protein content and to discover new bioactive peptides, present in edible organisms, as silkworm pupae, semiquantitative analytical approach has been applied. The combination of appropriate protein extraction methods, semiquantitative high‐resolution mass spectrometry analyses of peptides, in silico bioactivity and gene ontology analyses, allowed protein profiling of silkworm pupae (778 gene products) and the characterization of bioactive peptides. The semiquantitative analysis, based on the measurement of the emPAI, revealed the presence of high‐abundance class of proteins, such as larval storage protein (LSP) class. This class of proteins, beside its nutrient reservoir activity, is of great pharmaceutical interest for their efficacy in cardiovascular diseases. Potential allergens were also characterized and quantified, such as arginine kinase, thiol peroxiredoxin, and Bom m 9. This powerful bioanalytical approach proved the potential industrial applications of Bombyx mori pupae, as source of high‐value proteins in a green and “circular” economy perspective.
The effectiveness of ultrasound bath and probe treatments on the quality of baking and shelf life of cupcakes
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Reza , Nemati Azita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUniform dispersion of emulsion particles of cake batter is very effective on the quality of the final product. A proper aeration process can produce a favorable spongy texture and desirable qualities in the product. Air containment and uniform distribution with smaller particles in the entire texture would be effective in achieving these goals. One of the newest physical methods to accomplish this matter is the use of ultrasound waves. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sounding the cake batter using two types of baths and ultrasound probes with two intensities (70% and 100%) over 0, 4, 6, and 8 min on the quality of cake baking and its shelf life. Porosity, cake texture and sensory acceptance, symmetry and uniformity indicator, water activity, and mold and yeast test for cake samples were taken during 14 days of storage in a factorial design. Examining the results showed that the probe ultrasound waves directly affected the quality of the cake, both bath and probe ultrasound types, which were applied for 6 min, improved the desired characteristics, while the increase in sounding time for up to 8 min decreased these parameters.
Scallop mantle toxin induces apoptosis in liver tissues of mice
Authors: Kariya Takahide , Hasegawa Yasushi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe had previously shown that the intake of scallop mantle tissue resulted in the death of mice and rats. In this study, we investigated the liver injury caused by mantle tissue to clarify the mechanism behind its toxicity. Mantle toxin increased lipid peroxidation and decreased the reductive thiol content as well as the DPPH radical scavenging activity, catalase activity, and glutathione content in the liver of the mice. These results suggested that the mantle tissue diet caused oxidative stress through the decrease in antioxidants. In addition, mantle toxin increased the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐ and inflammation‐induced genes and the protein expression of caspase‐3 and Bax (which induce apoptosis), suggesting that the mantle tissue diet causes apoptosis through oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation in the liver tissue. Such liver injury may be an essential cause of the rodent demise.
Seasonal variation of infiltration rates through pond bed in a managed aquifer recharge system in St‐André, Belgium
Authors: Samanta Sayantan , Sheng Zhuping , Munster Clyde L. , Van Houtte Emmanuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Belgium, IWVA uses managed aquifer recharge (MAR) to recharge the aquifer with treated wastewater generated from the communities to sustain the potable water supply on the Belgian coast. This MAR facility is faced with a challenge of reduced infiltration rates during the winter season when pond water temperatures near 4°C. This study involves the identification of the predominant factor influencing the rate of infiltration through the pond bed. Several factors, including pumping rates, natural recharge, tidal influences of the North Sea and pond‐water temperature, were identified as potential causes for variation of the recharge rate. Correlation statistics and linear regression analysis were used to determine the sensitivity of the infiltration rate to the aforementioned factors. Two groundwater flow models were developed in visual MODFLOW to simulate the water movement under the pond bed and to obtain the differences in flux to track the effects of variation of hydraulic conductivity during the two seasons. A 32% reduction in vertical hydraulic gradient in the top portion of the aquifer was observed in winter, causing the recharge rates to fluctuate. Results showed that water temperature caused a 30% increase in hydraulic conductivity in summer as compared with winter and has the maximum impact on infiltration rate. Cyclic variations in water viscosity, occurring because of seasonal temperature changes, influence the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the pond bed. Results from the models confirm the impact on infiltration rate by temperature‐influenced hydraulic conductivity.
Jones matrix‐based speckle‐decorrelation angiography using polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Gong Peijun , Li Qingyun , Wang Qiang , Karnowski Karol , Sampson David D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe show that polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography angiography (PS‐OCTA) based on full Jones matrix assessment of speckle decorrelation offers improved contrast and depth of vessel imaging over conventional OCTA. We determine how best to combine the individual Jones matrix elements and compare the resulting image quality to that of a conventional OCT scanner by co‐locating and imaging the same skin locations with closely matched scanning setups. Vessel projection images from finger and forearm skin demonstrate the benefits of Jones matrix‐based PS‐OCTA. Our study provides a promising starting point and a useful reference for future pre‐clinical and clinical applications of Jones matrix‐based PS‐OCTA.
Detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma with ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy: Sensitivity and specificity compared to histopathology
Authors: Shavlokhova Veronika , Flechtenmacher Christa , Sandhu Sameena , Pilz Maximilian , Vollmer Michael , Hoffmann Jürgen , Engel Michel , Freudlsperger Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReal‐time microscopic imaging of freshly excised tissue enables a rapid bedside‐pathology. A possible application of interest is the detection of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) for OSCCs and to compare confocal images visually and qualitatively with gold standard histopathology. Two hundred eighty ex vivo FCM images were prospectively collected and evaluated immediately after excision. Every confocal image was blindly assessed for the presence or absence of malignancy by two clinicians and one pathologist. The results were compared with conventional histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin staining. OSCCs were detected with a very high sensitivity of 0.991, specificity of 0.9527, positive predictive value of 0.9322 and negative predictive value of 0.9938. The results demonstrate the potential of ex vivo FCM in fresh tissue for rapid real‐time surgical pathology.
Biofunctional scaffolds with high packing density of aligned electrospun fibers support neural regeneration
Authors: Cnops Vanja , Chin Jiah Shin , Milbreta Ulla , Chew Sing Yian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeurons of the central nervous system do not regenerate spontaneously after injury. As such, biofunctional tissue scaffolds have been explored to provide a growth‐promoting environment to enhance neural regeneration. In this regard, aligned electrospun fibers have proven invaluable for regeneration by offering guidance for axons to cross the injury site. However, a high fiber density could potentially limit axonal ingrowth into the scaffold. Here, we explore which fiber density provides the optimal environment for neurons to regenerate. By changing fiber electrospinning time, we generated scaffolds with different fiber densities and implanted these in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). We found that neurons were able to grow efficiently into scaffolds with high fiber density, even if the gaps between fiber bundles were very small (<1 μm). Scaffolds with high fiber density showed good host‐implant integration. Cell infiltration was not affected by fiber density. Efficient blood vessel ingrowth likely requires larger gaps between fibers or faster degrading fibers. We conclude that scaffolds with high fiber densities, and thus a large number of small gaps in between fiber bundles, provide the preferred environment for nerve regeneration after SCI.
3D bioprinting of oligo(poly[ethylene glycol] fumarate) for bone and nerve tissue engineering
Authors: Liu Xifeng , Gaihre Bipin , George Matthew N. , Miller A. Lee , Xu Haocheng , Waletzki Brian E. , Lu Lichun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract3D bioprinting is a promising new tissue restoration technique that enables the precise deposition of cells and growth factors in order to more closely mimic the structure and function of native organs. In this study, we report the development of a new bioink using oligo(poly[ethylene glycol] fumarate) (OPF), a photo‐crosslinkable, and biodegradable polymer, for 3D bioprinting. In addition to OPF, a small portion of gelatin was also incorporated into the bioink to make it bio‐printable. After immersion in the cell medium, gelatin was eluted away to create a bioprinted scaffold of pure OPF. Excellent cell viability, spreading, and long‐term proliferation of encapsulated cells was observed using both bone and nerve cells as examples. These results demonstrate that OPF bioink has great potential in future 3D bioprinting applications that aim to replicate complex, layered tissues, and/or organs.
In vivo effect of UV‐photofunctionalization of CoCrMo in processes of guided bone regeneration and tissue engineering
Authors: Zuchuat Jésica , Maldonado Ysaí , Botteri Julián , Decco Oscar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotofunctionalization of implant materials with ultraviolet (UV) radiation have been subject of study in the last two decades, and previous research on CoCrMo discs have showed good results in terms of bioactivity and the findings of apatite‐like crystals in vitro. In the current study, CoCrMo domes were photofunctionalized with UV radiation of 254 nm on their internal faces during 24 hr; they were implanted in rabbit tibia and remained for 3, 4, and 6 weeks. The potential to induce bone formation beneath the dome‐shaped membranes was evaluated through morphometric, histologic, and density measurements; and the results were compared with those obtained under control untreated domes. Higher density values were observed for irradiated domes at 3 weeks, whereas higher volumes were obtained under photofunctionalized domes for longer periods (4 and 6 weeks). Histologically, woven bone was formed by endochondral ossification in all cases; differences in the architecture and size of the trabeculae and in the number of osteoblasts were noted between irradiated and non‐irradiated samples. The UV radiation of 254 nm generated a larger bone volume fraction compared to that found in the absence of UVC radiation and induced an increase of density in the early stages of healing, leading to a better initial bone quality and improved osseointegration.
Cu3P and Ni2P co‐modified g‐C3N4 nanosheet with excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution activities
Authors: Sun Wenjuan , Fu Zhongyuan , Shi Huanxian , Jin Chenyang , Liu Enzhou , Zhang Xiaoli , Fan Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCopper‐nickel phosphides/ graphite‐like phase carbon nitride (Cu3P‐Ni2P/g‐C3N4) composites were obtained through a facile one‐pot in situ solvothermal approach. The coexistence of Cu3P and Ni2P plays an important role in enhancing the catalytic activity of g‐C3N4. The 7 wt% Cu3P‐Ni2P/g‐C3N4 bimetallic phosphide photocatalyst demonstrates the best photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution rate of 6529.8 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 80.7‐fold higher than that of g‐C3N4. The apparent quantum yield (AQE) was determined to be 18.5% at 400 nm over the 7% Cu3P‐Ni2P/g‐C3N4. This in situ growth strategy produced intimate contact interfaces, leading to a significantly promoted separation of charge carriers, and hence strengthened the photocatalytic H2 production. Moreover, the coexistence of Cu3P and Ni2P reduced the overpotential of H2 during the evolution process, further benefiting H2 production. Finally, the photocatalytic enhancement mechanism was proposed and verified by fluorescence and electrochemical analysis. This work provides a low‐cost strategy to synthesize nonprecious bimetallic phosphides/carbon nitride photocatalyst with outstanding H2 production activity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Exacerbation of psychotic symptoms as clinical presentation of Wernicke encephalopathy in an Alzheimer's disease patient
Authors: Uchida Nozomu , Ishida Mayumi , Sato Izumi , Takahashi Takao , Furuya Daisuke , Ebihara Yasuhiro , Ito Hiroshi , Yoshioka Akira , Onishi Hideki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough there have been recent reports of nonalcoholic thiamine deficiency (TD), no association has been reported between the exacerbation of the psychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease patient and TD. An 89‐year‐old woman with dementia visited our hospital because of acute deterioration in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Her medical history revealed a decrease in oral food intake lasting more than 2 weeks, so that TD was suspected and abnormal behavior improved significantly after thiamine administration. Thiamine deficiency should be suspected in patients with dementia who demonstrate acute deterioration in BPSD possibly related to poor oral food intake.
COVID‐19 and its effects on the digestive system and endoscopy practice
Authors: Aguila Enrik John T. , Cua Ian Homer Y. , Dumagpi Joseph Erwin L. , Francisco Carlos Paolo D. , Raymundo Nikko Theodore V. , Sy‐Janairo Marianne Linley L. , Cabral‐Prodigalidad Patricia Anne I. , Lontok Marie Antoinette DC. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and has been classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Several studies have demonstrated that the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is also a potential route. As the pandemic is continuously evolving, and more data are made available, this article highlights the best evidence and practices regarding the effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus relevant to GI practice. Published clinical studies have supported that SARS‐CoV‐2 affects the GI tract and the liver. The largest published dataset comprised of 4243 patients and showed a pooled prevalence of GI symptoms at 17.6%. GI symptoms varied and usually preceded pulmonary symptoms by 1–2 days. These include anorexia (26.8%), nausea and vomiting (10.2%), diarrhea (12.5%), and abdominal pain (9.2%). Incidence of liver injury ranges from 15 to 53%. Evidence shows that the severity of COVID‐19 infection is compounded by its effects on nutrition, most especially for the critically ill. As such, nutrition societies have recommended optimization of oral diets and oral nutritional supplements followed by early enteral nutrition if nutritional targets are not met, and parenteral nutrition in the distal end of the spectrum. In addition to possible fecal–oral transmission, GI endoscopy procedures, which are considered to be aerosol‐generating procedures, contribute to increased risk to GI health‐care professionals. Infection prevention measures and guidelines are essential in protecting both patients and personnel.