bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 on food safety and security in low and middle income countries
Authors: Uddin Md Nasir , Alam Badrul , Islam SK Shaheenur , Arif Mohammad , Alam Md Mahbubul , Kabir S M Lutful 
Published: July 2020

The occurrence of COVID-19 which causes severe acute respiratory infection has produced a large global outbreak with major public health concern. Since Chinese wet market (LBM) has been blamed to be linked with this global pandemic of COVID-19 as the noble virus has supposed to be transmitted from a wild species, however, this is not yet established the association of SARS-Cov-2 transmission via animal to human or food chain. Moreover, it has been recognized to spread human-to-human transmission by inhalation of droplets or direct contact. Besides the devastating effects of SARS-Cov-2, world has been experiencing the impact of food safety and security as the effect due to global lockdown resulting a wide range of new challenges of economic growth and societal burden. In this review, we have focused on effect of corona virus on food system that included food safety, food security during lockdown, and prevention and control options have been emphasized to keep normalcy of livelihood of general people in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Since the global economy has been downed deeper into a financial crunch, the government efforts are underway to bolster up the priorities with the limited resources, and further funding allocation decision is obligatory for the targeted communities those are affected most due to the swath of pandemic threat of COVID-19.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 130-137
Growth performance study of Silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) by replacing fishmeal with soybean meal in the diet
Authors: Jahan Halima , Ema Noore Safa , Hossain Md Saddam , Pervin Mst Arzu , Akter Rabeya , Hossain Zakir 
Published: July 2020

Increasing demand, uncertain availability, and increasing cost for fishmeal (FM), fish nutritionists have been driven to find alternative sources of protein. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of substituting FM with soybean meal (SM) on growth performance of silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus. Five diets were prepared 0%SM (100%FM), 25%SM (75%FM), 50%SM (50%FM), 75%SM (25%FM) and 100%SM (0%FM) by replacing FM with SM. B. gonionotus having initial length and weight of 8.62±0.9 cm and 8.80±3.11 gm were fed each diet twice a day for 45 days. Fish sampling was done fortnightly. Significantly higher (P<0.01 and P<0.05) weight and length gain were found up to 75%SM compared to 100%SM. The specific growth rate (6.01±0.34%d-1) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in 50%SM compare to 75%SM and 100%SM. Considering the result of present study we recommend to replace 50% SM as a source of protein with 50% FM for better growth of B. gonionotus.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 149-154
Phytochemical screening and antioxidant, antibacterial efficacy of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr
Authors: Nasiruddin M , Sinha Shankar Narayan 
Published: July 2020

The emergent medicinal plant Gynura procumbens to the greatest extent familiar in Bangladesh, India, Thailand and Southeast Asia. The plant usually used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases along with diabetes mellitus. The present investigation was try to display screen qualitative and quantitative phytochemical compositions of ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens leaves as an instance soluble sugar, total amino acids, protein, chlorophyll, flavonoids, tannins, phenol as standard techniques and antioxidant activity as DPPH radical scavenging assay and compare the antibacterial activity by using agar well diffusion method. Qualitative evaluation exhibit present of most of the phytochemicals and quantitative evaluation revealed primary chemical constituents consisting of amino acids (16.34 mg/g), soluble sugar (1.81 mg/g), total chlorophyll (0.52 mg/g), chlorophyll-a (0.34 mg/g), chlorophyll-b (0.145 mg/g) and lowest amount of phytochemical turned into protein (0.12 mg/g). Secondary chemical constituents together with flavonoids (30.32 mg/g), phenols (10.17 mg/g) and tannin (0.96 mg/g). The observation also confirmed great antioxidant activity in a concentration dependent manner via the scavenging of 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Result confirmed that, the studied sample has high antioxidant efficacy. The antibacterial interest confirmed as negative effects in all bacteria’s tested. These results advise that Gynura extract is a good herbal supply of bioactive compounds.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 187-195
Sensor based calibration study for in-season nitrogen management of winter wheat in Turkey
Authors: Savasli Erdinc , Onder Oguz , Cekic Cemal , Kalayci Hasan Mufit , Dayioglu Ramis , Karaduman Yasar , Gokmen Fatma , Dursun Nesim , Gezgin Sait 
Published: July 2020

The aims of this study were to compare the responses of four winter wheat cultivars to nitrogen fertilization with vegetation indices calculated using spectral reflection (GreenSeeker hand-held sensor) and to estimate in-season yield (INSEY) using the vegetation indices. The field experiment was conducted at Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute of Eskisehir province, Turkey in 2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 growing seasons. The experimental layout was a 2factor factorial in the randomized complete block design. Nitrogen rates were 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg N ha-1. Vegetation Index (NDVI) was obtained at growth stages of Zadoks 24 (tillering stage), Zadoks stage 30 (stem elongation), Zadoks stage 31 (the first node is visible) and Zadoks stage 32 (the second node is visible). The results revealed that Zadoks stage 30 was the most realistic reading time. NDVI had the advantage of providing information on biomass, in addition to nitrogen nutrition status of crops, enabling in-season yield estimation possible. Therefore, NDVI based calibration equations were preferred for testing in the fields of actual farmers for the last year of study. A comparison of the system with traditional farmer applications indicated that yield estimation obtained by the new system was quite similar yields with 13.2 kg ha-1 less N in the spring (ZD 3.0), showing its economically promising value.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 204-211
Nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding prevention and management of pressure ulcer for hospitalized patient
Authors: Reza Hasan Mahfuz , Das Chinmoy Kanti , Mittra China Rani , Saha Ashees Kumar 
Published: July 2020

Pressure ulcers have been labelled as one of the most expensive and physically debilitating complications in the 20th century. After cancer and heart diseases pressure ulcers are the third most expensive disorder. Several studies have indicated that nurses' knowledge and practices about pressure ulcer prevention and management are inadequate. This is a descriptive co-relational study aimed to assess nurses‟ knowledge and practices related to pressure ulcer prevention and management. It also examines the relationships between nurses‟ knowledge and practice with respect to pressure ulcer prevention and management. The subjects were nurses working at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. Three hundred nurses were selected for this study, two hundred and ninety four nurses were completed the questionnaire and response rate was 98%. Three tools were used for data collection: Demographic, Knowledge and Practice questionnaire. Data were analysed by descriptive and Pearson product-moment correlation statistics. The findings showed that nurses had a moderate level of knowledge and a moderate level of practice when we categorized the findings according to their age, working experience and educational level they scored low level of knowledge. There was a significant correlation was found between nurses knowledge and practice regarding pressure ulcer prevention and management (r =.136, p>.05). Findings of the present study suggest that nurses need to increase knowledge on pressure ulcer prevention and management in order to improve nursing practice in this.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 237-243
Existing buffalo husbandry practices at household farming level in selected coastal regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Md Enayet , Monir Mohammad Moniruzzaman , Islam Md Saiful , Alam Md Jahangir , Dadok Falguni 
Published: July 2020

The study was attempted to collect information on buffalo husbandry practices existing in household farming level along with farmers’ status and problems they faced with probable solutions in selected coastal regions of Bangladesh. Data were collected from eighty (80) randomly interviewed household farmers of two coastal districts (Bhola and Patuakhali) through questionnaire from 1st January to 30th June 2019. Buffalo rearing was practiced by male farmers (85%) in age group of 31-45 yrs (47.5%) having primary level education (51.25%) and belonged to small category of farmers (52.5%) whose main occupation is agriculture (76.25%). About 82.5% farmers used own capital while 96.25% farmers practiced buffalo rearing without any training. Majority (80%) of the farmers had small herd size (<6) where highest number (91.25%) of farmers kept female buffaloes. About three-forth farmers (77.5%) did not care for housing of their buffaloes. Among the sheds provided mainly at night (85%), most of them had tinned roof (91.25%), muddy floor (97.5%), inadequate floor space (70%) and improper drainage system (65%). Maximum farmers (90%) practiced grazing their buffaloes from morning to evening at public land and offered locally collected natural roughages at night but did not practice concentrate feeding. No farmers accepted any feeding technology, used vitamin-mineral supplements or growth promoters and followed balanced ration feeding to buffaloes. Clean drinking water supply (3.75%) was very poor practice although farmers had opportunity. Natural breeding (85%) was more prominent practice and buffaloes mainly showed heat in winter. About 45% and 60% farmers practiced irregular vaccination and de-worming, respectively. Feeds shortage is the most common problem along with others where attention is needed. The overall observations indicated that scientific management practices to exploit inherent capacity of buffaloes were not adopted by farmers and hence, management practices were not satisfactory and need to be corrected through motivation and providing extension services among farmers.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 255-264
HPLC identification of Rutin (3, 3′, 4′, 5, 7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rhamnoglucoside) from Costus pictus leaves extract and evaluation of its antioxidant activity
Authors: Vaidehi S , Prasath G Sriram , Maheswari J Uma , Rajasekar N 
Published: July 2020

Plants synthesise many secondary metabolites which are of great medicinal value. Costus pictus also known as Insulin plant is considered as valuable medicinal plant in preparation of many commercial pharmaceutical products. The aim of the present study is to identify one such secondary metabolite flavonoid (Rutin) in the leaves of Costus pictus by HPLC method and also to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Ethyl acetate extract of Costus using DPPH and NO scavenging assay. The Extracted materi al was identified as Rutin by comparing with Standard Rutin. Both the samples showed similar retention time of 2.8 minutes. The extract showed maximum DPPH free radical scavenging activity with increase in concentration and IC50 of Nitric acid scavenging activity was found to be more for the Extract than the standard ascorbic acid and Rutin. From this study it is concluded that Costus pictus leaves extract can be used as natural food supplement.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 334-339
FIRST RECORDS OF EPIBIONT CILIATES (CILIOPHORA) IN METHANE ENRICHED SEDIMENTS WITH SPECIES REDESCRIPTIONS
Authors: Ivanova Еkaterina , Dovgal Igor , Newton Alice 
Published: July 2020

The article is dedicated to re-discovery of ciliates Loricophrya bosporica (Suctorea) and Cothurnia sp. (Peritrichia) found at nematodes from methane seep of the Ria Formosa lagoon (Southern Portugal). Based on authors’ data the lagoon sediments might be attributing to the hypoxic (periodically anoxic) methane seepage environment. The morphological characterizations of found ciliates with emphasis on poorly studied stylotheca structure in suctorian ciliate and macronucleus morphology in peritrich are presented.
The Multiwavelength Counterparts of Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Chen Ge , Ravi Vikram , Lu Wenbin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The engines that produce extragalactic fast radio bursts (FRBs), and the mechanism by which the emission is generated, remain unknown. Many FRB models predict prompt multiwavelength counterparts, which can be used to refine our knowledge of these fundamentals of the FRB phenomenon. However, several previous targeted searches for prompt FRB counterparts have yielded no detections and have additionally not reached sufficient sensitivity with respect to the predictions. In this work, we demonstrate a technique to estimate the ratio, η, between the energy outputs of FRB counterparts at various wavelengths and the radio-wavelength emission. Our technique combines the fluence distribution of the FRB population with results from several wide-field blind surveys for fast transients from the optical to the TeV bands. We present constraints on η that improve upon previous observations even in the case where all unclassified transient events in existing surveys are FRB counterparts. In some scenarios for the FRB engine and emission mechanism, we find that FRB counterparts should have already been detected, thus demonstrating that our technique can successfully test predictions for η. However, it is possible that FRB counterparts are lurking among catalogs of unclassified transient events. Although our technique is robust to the present uncertainty in the FRB fluence distribution, its ultimate application to accurately estimate or bound η will require the careful analysis of all candidate fast transient events in multiwavelength survey data sets.
Classification of Photospheric Emission in Short GRBs
Authors: Dereli-Bégué Hüsne , Pe’er Asaf , Ryde Felix 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to better understand the physical origin of short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we perform a time-resolved spectral analysis on a sample of 70 pulses in 68 short GRBs with burst durations T
90 ≲ 2 s detected by the Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. We apply a Bayesian analysis to all spectra that have statistical significance S ≥ 15 within each pulse and apply a cutoff power-law model. We then select in each pulse the time bin that has the maximum value of the low-energy spectral index for further analysis. Under the assumption that the main emission mechanism is the same throughout each pulse, this analysis is indicative of pulse emission. We find that about 1/3 of the short GRBs are consistent with a pure, nondissipative photospheric model, at least around the peak of the pulse. This fraction is larger than the corresponding fraction (1/4) obtained for long GRBs. For these bursts, we find (i) a bimodal distribution in the values of the Lorentz factors and the hardness ratios and (ii) an anticorrelation between T
90 and the peak energy, E
pk:

. This correlation disappears when we consider the entire sample. Our results thus imply that the short GRB population may in fact be composed of two separate populations: one that is a continuation of the long GRB population to shorter durations, and another that is distinctly separate with different physical properties. Furthermore, thermal emission is initially ubiquitous, but is accompanied at longer times by additional radiation (likely synchrotron).
Diffuse Ionized Gas in Simulations of Multiphase, Star-forming Galactic Disks
Authors: Kado-Fong Erin , Kim Jeong-Gyu , Ostriker Eve C. , Kim Chang-Goo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It has been hypothesized that photons from young, massive star clusters are responsible for maintaining the ionization of diffuse warm ionized gas seen in both the Milky Way and other disk galaxies. For a theoretical investigation of the warm ionized medium (WIM), it is crucial to solve radiation-transfer equations where the interstellar medium (ISM) and clusters are modeled self-consistently. To this end, we employ a solar neighborhood model of Three-phase Interstellar Medium in Galaxies Resolving Evolution with Star Formation and Supernova Feedback (TIGRESS), a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the multiphase, star-forming ISM, and post-process the simulation with an adaptive ray tracing method to transfer UV radiation from star clusters. We find that the WIM volume filling factor is highly variable, and sensitive to the rate of ionizing photon production and ISM structure. The mean WIM volume filling factor rises to ∼0.15 at

. Approximately half of ionizing photons are absorbed by gas and half by dust; the cumulative ionizing photon escape fraction is 1.1%. Our time-averaged synthetic

line profile matches Wisconsin

Mapper observations on the redshifted (outflowing) side, but has insufficient intensity on the blueshifted side. Our simulation matches the Dickey–Lockman neutral density profile well, but only a small fraction of snapshots have high-altitude WIM density consistent with Reynolds Layer estimates. We compute a clumping correction factor

that is remarkably constant with distance from the midplane and time; this can be used to improve estimates of ionized gas mass and mean electron density from observed

surface brightness profiles in edge-on galaxies.
Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves Pattern Recognition Based on a Deep Learning Technique: Bag-of-Features Algorithm Applied to Spectrograms
Authors: Medeiros Claudia , Souza V. M. , Vieira L. E. A. , Sibeck D. G. , Remya B. , Da Silva L. A. , Alves L. R. , Marchezi J. P. , Jauer P. R. , Rockenbach M. , Dal Lago A. , Kletzing C. A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Several studies have shown the importance of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves to the pitch angle scattering of energetic particles in the radiation belt, especially relativistic electrons, thus contributing to their net loss from the outer radiation belt to the upper atmosphere. The huge amount of data collected thus far provides us with the opportunity to use a deep learning technique referred to as the Bag-of-Features (BoF). When applied to images of magnetic field spectrograms in the frequency range of EMIC waves, the BoF allows us to distinguish, in a semi-automated way, several patterns in these spectrograms that can be relevant to describe physical aspects of EMIC waves. Each spectrogram image provided as an input to the BoF corresponds to the windowed Fourier transform of a ∼40 minutes to 1 hour interval of Van Allen Probes’ high time-resolution vector magnetic field observations. Our data set spans the 2012 September 8 to 2016 December 31 period and is at geocentric distances larger than 3 Earth radii. A total of 66,204 spectrogram images are acquired in this interval, and about 45% of them, i.e., 30,190 images, are visually inspected to validate the BoF technique. The BoF’s performance in identifying spectrograms with likely EMIC wave signatures is comparable to the visual inspection method, with the enormous advantage that the BoF technique greatly expedites the analysis by accomplishing the task in just a few minutes.
Identification of Single Spectral Lines through Supervised Machine Learning in a Large HST Survey (WISP): A Pilot Study for Euclid and WFIRST
Authors: Baronchelli I. , Scarlata C. M. , Rodighiero G. , Rodríguez-Muñoz L. , Bonato M. , Bagley M. , Henry A. , Rafelski M. , Malkan M. , Colbert J. , Dai 戴 Y. S. 昱 , Dickinson H. , Mancini C. , Mehta V. , Morselli L. , Teplitz H. I. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Future surveys focusing on understanding the nature of dark energy (e.g., Euclid and WFIRST) will cover large fractions of the extragalactic sky in near-IR slitless spectroscopy. These surveys will detect a large number of galaxies that will have only one emission line in the covered spectral range. In order to maximize the scientific return of these missions, it is imperative that single emission lines are correctly identified. Using a supervised machine-learning approach, we classified a sample of single emission lines extracted from the WFC3 IR Spectroscopic Parallel survey, one of the closest existing analogs to future slitless surveys. Our automatic software integrates a spectral energy distribution (SED)-fitting strategy with additional independent sources of information. We calibrated it and tested it on a “gold” sample of securely identified objects with multiple lines detected. The algorithm correctly classifies real emission lines with an accuracy of 82.6%, whereas the accuracy of the SED-fitting technique alone is low (∼50%) due to the limited amount of photometric data available (≤6 bands). While not specifically designed for the Euclid and WFIRST surveys, the algorithm represents an important precursor of similar algorithms to be used in these future missions.
Solar Flare–CME Coupling throughout Two Acceleration Phases of a Fast CME
Authors: Gou Tingyu , Veronig Astrid M. , Liu Rui , Zhuang Bin , Dumbović Mateja , Podladchikova Tatiana , Reid Hamish A. S. , Temmer Manuela , Dissauer Karin , Vršnak Bojan , Wang Yuming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are closely coupled through magnetic reconnection. CMEs are usually accelerated impulsively within the low solar corona, synchronized with the impulsive flare energy release. We investigate the dynamic evolution of a fast CME and its associated X2.8 flare occurring on 2013 May 13. The CME experiences two distinct phases of enhanced acceleration, an impulsive one with a peak value of ∼5 km s−2, followed by an extended phase with accelerations up to 0.7 km s−2. The two-phase CME dynamics is associated with a two-episode flare energy release. While the first episode is consistent with the “standard” eruption of a magnetic flux rope, the second episode of flare energy release is initiated by the reconnection of a large-scale loop in the aftermath of the eruption and produces stronger nonthermal emission up to γ-rays. In addition, this long-duration flare reveals clear signs of ongoing magnetic reconnection during the decay phase, evidenced by extended hard X-ray bursts with energies up to 100–300 keV and intermittent downflows of reconnected loops for >4 hr. The observations reveal that the two-step flare reconnection substantially contributes to the two-phase CME acceleration, and the impulsive CME acceleration precedes the most intense flare energy release. The implications of this non-standard flare/CME observation are discussed.