bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altruisme versus egennytte:
Authors: Borge Baard Herman , Hagebakken Grete , Lindrupsen Cathrine , Thorsen Sunniva 
Published: December 2024

I denne artikkelen undersøker vi hva som, tross lave søkertall og negativ medieomtale, motiverer unge mennesker til å studere sykepleie. Studien setter søkelys på skillet mellom altruistisk og egennyttig motivasjon, og sammenligner dessuten sykepleiestudenter på bakgrunn av deres kjønn, alder, tidligere arbeidserfaring og hvilken prioritet de ga studiet da de søkte.
Kvantitative data ble samlet inn i en digital spørreundersøkelse våren 2023, og analysert med SPSS 29. Hypotesene ble testet ved hjelp av Pearson korrelasjon, F- og t-test. Utvalget besto av 109 sykepleiestudenter ved to utdanningsinstitusjoner, som selv valgte å delta. Altruistisk og egennyttig motivasjon ble operasjonalisert i form av 16 påstander, som igjen ble brukt til å konstruere to indekser.
Resultatene tyder på at sykepleierstudenter motiveres av både altruistiske og egennyttige motivasjonsfaktorer, men med en overvekt av altruistisk motivasjon. De to dimensjonene står ikke i et motsetningsforhold til hverandre. Det var liten forskjell i motivasjonen til ulike grupper. Den eneste av de undersøkte bakgrunnsvariablene som ga signifikant utslag var tidligere erfaring fra omsorgsarbeid.
Empiri som belyser studentenes motivasjon, kan bidra til mer målrettet rekrutteringsarbeid. Dagens sykepleierstudenter fremstår som en homogen gruppe med hensyn til motivasjon, men studien reiser samtidig spørsmål om deres vekt på altruistiske verdier skiller dem fra andre utdanningssøkere. Hvis ungdommens egenorientering forsterkes, mens altruismen svekkes, kan man forvente enda større utfordringer med rekruttering av sykepleierstudenter i fremtiden. En slik situasjon vil medføre behov for ytterligere nytenkning for at yrket skal gjøres attraktivt for nye generasjoner.
Effects of prophylactic nebulized antibiotics on the prevention of ICU-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Ming , Yu Xiaoxu , Liu Xiaoxuan , Xu Yuan , Zhou Hua , Zhu Yan 
Published: December 2024

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic nebulized antibiotics in preventing intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia through a meta-analysis.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the potential reduction in the incidence of ICU-acquired pneumonia through prophylactic nebulized antibiotics were collected by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception to January 23, 2024. The primary endpoint was the incidence of ICU-acquired pneumonia, while the secondary endpoints included mortality, length of ICU stay, mechanical ventilation days, and nebulization-related side effects. Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 14.0 software.

Results
A total of six RCTs were included in the analysis, involving 1,287 patients (636 patients in the study group received prophylactic antibiotic therapy, including Polymyxin B, Tobramycin, Ceftazidime, Colistimethate sodium, and amikacin; 651 patients in the control group primarily received saline). The results indicated that prophylactic nebulized antibiotic therapy significantly reduced the incidence of ICU-acquired pneumonia compared to that in the control group (odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.43–0.74], P < 0.0001). No significant difference was observed in the mortality rate between the treatment and control groups (OR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.68–1.10], P = 0.24). Prophylactic nebulized antibiotic therapy also did not significantly reduce the length of ICU stay (MD = 0.2 days; 95% CI [−0.81 to 1.20], P = 0.70) or the number of mechanical ventilation days (MD = 0.43 days; 95% CI [−0.47 to 1.33], P = 0.35). Additionally, there was no evidence that prophylactic nebulized antibiotic therapy contributed to the development of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pneumonia or increased the incidence of associated side effects, such as airway spasms.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis suggests that ICU-acquired pneumonia can be prevented by prophylactic nebulized antibiotic therapy in critically ill patients without increasing the risk of MDR bacterial infections or airway spasms. However, the reduction in the incidence of ICU-acquired pneumonia did not result in significant improvements in mortality or length of ICU stay.
Identification of immunogenic cell death gene-related subtypes and risk model predicts prognosis and response to immunotherapy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Pan Wenjing , Jia Zhaoyang , Zhao Xibo , Chang Kexin , Liu Wei , Tan Wenhua 
Published: December 2024

Background
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been associated with enhanced anti-tumor immunotherapy by stimulating adaptive immune responses and remodeling the immune microenvironment in tumors. Nevertheless, the role of ICD-related genes in ovarian cancer (OC) and tumor microenvironment remains unexplored.

Methods
In this study, high-throughput transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases as training and validation sets separately were obtained and proceeded to explore ICD-related clusters, and an ICD-related risk signature was conducted based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model by iteration. Multiple tools including CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, GSEA, TIDE, and immunohistochemistry were further applied to illustrate the biological roles of ICD-related genes as well as the prognostic capacity of ICD risk signature in OC.

Results
Two ICD-related subtypes were identified, with the ICD-high subtype showing more intense immune cell infiltration and higher activities of immune response signaling, along with a favorable prognosis. Additionally, four candidate ICD genes (IFNG, NLRP3, FOXP3, and IL1B) were determined to potentially impact OC prognosis, with an upregulated expression of NLRP3 in OC and metastatic omental tissues. A prognostic model based on these genes was established, which could predict overall survival (OS) and response to immunotherapy for OC patients, with lower-risk patients benefiting more from immunotherapy.

Conclusion
Our research conducted a prognostic and prediction of immunotherapy response model based on ICD genes, which could be instrumental in assessing prognosis and assigning immunotherapeutic strategies for OC patients. NLRP3 is a promising target for prognosis in OC.
Virtual reality therapy in managing cancer pain in middle-aged and elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yang , Meng Hui , Chen Qian , Wu Wendong , Liu HaiBin , Lv Shi , Huai Liang 
Published: December 2024

Background
Virtual reality technology has been proposed to rehabilitate cancer patients. This study aimed to summarize the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)--based therapies for pain management in middle-aged and elderly cancer patients.

Methods
This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023400432). We searched the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase, conducted from construction until November 1, 2024. The study examined the effects of VR treatment on pain levels in middle-aged and elderly cancer patients using RCTs as primary or secondary outcome measures. Articles were evaluated for eligibility according to predetermined criteria, and each of the three researchers independently collected the data. The researchers used the heterogeneous selection effects model to calculate the mean effect sizes.

Results
This meta-analysis included seven RCTs involving 476 patients. The meta-analysis confirmed the significant effect of VR therapy on the management of pain, anxiety, and depression in the middle-aged and elderly cancer population.

Conclusions
Our research shows that VR could be a significant device for cancer pain management in the middle-aged and elderly and that VR scene therapy may be more effective. Nevertheless, it is essential to use caution when interpreting the findings since the number of research included is small.
Advancing Precision Agriculture: The Role of UAVs and Drones in Sustainable Farming
Authors: Barve Aniruddha N. , Lajurkar Manik R. , Kharbade S. B. , Bagde A. S. , Waghmare S. J. , Karande R. A. , Sathe Snehal N. 
Published: December 2024

Modern sustainable agricultural production trends pose a need to change production technology processes with the application of techniques, and tools that cause less environmental pollution and contribute to ensuring health safety in general. Precision agriculture can be defined as an agricultural production process that includes the application of information technology and various types of sensors, satellite positioning, and monitoring of farming machinery. Aerial remote sensing is regarded as one of the most crucial technologies for smart and precision agriculture. This mini-review aims to summarize the applications of drones in precision agriculture with special reference to crop monitoring and pest management. Drone equipped with modern capabilities like Artificial Intelligence integrated systems with multispectral cameras help the farmers to observe aerial images of crops in real time. Camera-equipped drones use advanced image data analysis tools to identify diseased or defective plants which assists the farmer in crop monitoring. Also, the fully automatic pesticide spraying system analyzes real-time data and is capable of spot spraying. The use of drone-borne sprayers in the field increases coverage, chemical effectiveness, and make spraying operations easier and faster. Each type of drone has its performance drawbacks, such as high operating and maintenance costs, limited flight range, time, and payload capacity, but with accelerating technology development and the systems integrated into drones, they offer a promising role in advancing precision agriculture.
Addressing Mental Health Access in Underserved West Africa: A Strategic Framework
Authors: Adebayo Adebusola J , Inyang Lovina Patrick 
Published: December 2024

Aim: To address mental health crisis focusing on the applicable framework for strengthening access in underserved West African communities.
Problem Statement: The World Health Organizarion (WHO) states that approximately 450 million people have a mental disorder and about one-quarter of the population will be affected from mental ailment at some stages in their lifetime. Handling of crisis relating to mental health is underserved in some West African communities.
Significance of Study: The high rise in the number of mental health cases in some underserved communities in West Africa has called for designing a workable and applicable framework to ameliorate this situation.
Methodology: Previous literatures, journals, books, research write-ups and other related materials on the internet regarding to address mental health crisis focusing on the applicable framework for strengthening access in underserved West African communities were consulted.
Discussion: Strengthening health systems in some underserved communities in West Africa to advance mental health care delivery adopting the WHO framework and other beneficial indigenous methods is achievable. These merged methodologies can increase the quality and nature of mental health care delivery systems. They can also increase the existing mental health care services in order to make them to be more effective and efficient in meeting the requirements of the people. With a strengthened health system, the condition of mental health delivery across West Africa will be improved. There is an emergency quest for rigorous effort between the policy makers, government and international organizations to execute the recommendations stated herein for an accessible, better and affordable mental health services for the mental well-being of the public in advancing mental health services and care.
Conclusion: In conclusion, it is imperative to adopt and apply the elements of the framework stated in strengthening mental health services in some underserved West African communities.
Catalytic Asymmetric
S
uzuki–
M
iyaura Couplings
Authors: Goetzke F. Wieland , Van Dijk Lucy , Fletcher Stephen P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The transition metal‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling is widely used across industry and academia. This chapter describes the catalytic asymmetric variants of the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction between organoboron species and (pseudo)halides. In these procedures, racemic and/or achiral reactants give enantioenriched coupling products, with the asymmetry being induced by a chiral catalyst. Stereospecific transformations and chiral auxiliary approaches are not covered in this chapter. Csp
2
Csp
2
bond‐forming Suzuki–Miyaura reactions, which generate axial, planar, or point chiral products, are discussed, followed by an exploration of Csp
3
‐hybridized nucleophiles and/or electrophiles, which are cross‐coupled via mechanisms involving desymmetrization or enantioconvergent processes to give point chiral coupling products. The development of enantioselective variants of the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling is an active field of research with many exciting opportunities and potential application yet to be uncovered.
The Chemistry of Organotrifluoroborates
Authors: Cavalcanti Livia N. , Bento Júlia C. C. V. , Molander Gary A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOrganotrifluoroborates have emerged as among the most versatile class of organoboron reagents for elaboration of complex organic molecules. They are air‐ and moisture‐stable crystalline solids or free‐flowing powders that can be easily prepared and stored on the bench for years without decomposition. Furthermore, the tetra‐coordinated nature of organotrifluoroborates engenders unique reactivity patterns complementary to those of the tri‐coordinated organoboron species. Over the years, organotrifluoroborates have been employed in myriad reactions for carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation, showing the importance of these compounds for synthetic organic chemistry. Herein described is an overview of the synthesis and application of organotrifluoroborates in a vast array of organic transformations.
Enhanced Magnetic Anisotropy and Orbital Symmetry Breaking in Manganite Heterostructures
Authors: Chen Pingfan , Huang Zhen , Li Mengsha , Yu Xiaojiang , Wu Xiaohan , Li Changjian , Bao Nina , Zeng Shengwei , Yang Ping , Qu Lili , Chen Jingsheng , Ding Jun , Pennycook Stephen John , Wu Wenbin , Venkatesan Thirumalai Venky , Ariando Ariando , Chow Gan Moog 
Published: December 2019

AbstractManipulating magnetic anisotropy in complex oxide heterostructures has attracted much attention. Here, three interface‐engineering approaches are applied to address two general issues with controlling magnetic anisotropy in the La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 heterostructure. One is the paradox arising from the competition between Mn3d–O2p orbital hybridization and MnO6 crystal field. The other is the interfacial region where the nonuniform MnO bond length d and MnOMn bond angle θ disturb the structural modulation. When the interfacial region is suppressed in the interface‐engineered samples, the lateral magnetic anisotropy energy is increased eighteen times. The d‐mediated anisotropic crystal filed that overwhelms the orbital hybridization causes the lateral symmetry breaking of the Mn 3dx2−y2 orbital, resulting in enhanced magnetic anisotropy. This is different from the classic Jahn–Teller effect where the lateral symmetry is always preserved. Moreover, the quantitative analysis on X‐ray linear dichroism data suggests a direct correlation between Mn 3dx2−y2 orbital symmetry breaking and magnetic anisotropy energy. The findings not only advance the understanding of magnetic anisotropy in manganite heterostructures but also can be extended to other complex oxides and perovskite materials with correlated degrees of freedom.
Photoinduced Defect Engineering: Enhanced Photothermal Catalytic Performance of 2D Black In2O3−x Nanosheets with Bifunctional Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Qi Yuhang , Song Lizhu , Ouyang Shuxin , Liang Xichen , Ning Shangbo , Zhang QiQi , Ye Jinhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhotothermal CO2 reduction technology has attracted tremendous interest as a solution for the greenhouse effect and energy crisis, and thereby it plays a critical role in solving environmental problems and generating economic benefits. In2O3−x has emerged as a potential photothermal catalyst for CO2 conversion into CO via the light‐driven reverse water gas shift reaction. However, it is still a challenge to modulate the structural and electronic characteristics of In2O3 to enhance photothermocatalytic activity synergistically. In this work, a novel route to activate inert In(OH)3 into 2D black In2O3−x nanosheets via photoinduced defect engineering is proposed. Theoretical calculations and experimental results verify the existence of bifunctional oxygen vacancies in the 2D black In2O3−x nanosheets host, which enhances light harvesting and chemical adsorption of CO2 molecules dramatically, achieving 103.21 mmol gcat−1 h−1 with near‐unity selectivity for CO generation and meanwhile excellent stability. This study reveals an exciting phenomenon that light is an ideal external stimulus on the layered In2O3 system, and its electronic structure can be adjusted efficiently through photoinduced defect engineering; it can be anticipated that this synthesis strategy can be extended to wider application fields.
Diastereoselective Palladium Catalyzed Carbenylative Amination of ortho‐Vinylanilines with 3‐Diazoindolin‐2‐ones
Authors: Reddy Angula Chandra Shekar , Reddy Palagulla Maheswar , Anbarasan Pazhamalai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA diastereoselective palladium catalyzed carbenylative amination of ortho‐vinylaniline with 3‐diazoindolines‐2‐one have been accomplished for the synthesis of various tetrasubstituted indoline fused spirooxindole with good yields and diastereoselectivity. Notable features of the method include construction of two contiguous tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters via C−N and C−C bond formation in single operation, wide functional group tolerance and high atom and step economy. Importantly, the present reaction was also extended to one‐pot conversion of tosylhydrazones and ortho‐vinylanilines to spirooxindole derivatives.magnified image
Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes as an Expedient Building Block Towards the Construction of Nitrogen‐Containing Molecules: An Update
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Varshnaya Rohit Kumar , Dey Raghunath , Banerjee Prabal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNitrogen‐containing molecules are the key structural constituent of many pharmaceutical compounds that play a pivotal role in drug development. Owing to their multifaceted medicinal importance, several synthetic approaches have been delineated in the recent past for their construction. Over the past few decades the augmented use of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) as three‐carbon synthetic equivalents, despite their ring strain, for the construction of innumerable hetero‐ and carbocycles of pharmaceutical importance has raised the interest of synthetic chemists to this topic. Owing to their zwitterionic nature due to the vicinal disposition of donor and acceptor groups, they have been frequently used in ring‐opening reactions, cycloadditions, and rearrangements. This review is mainly focused on assorted reactions of DACs with various nitrogen‐containing dipolarophiles like imines, azides, cyanates, isothiocyanates, nitrosocarbonyls, hydrazines, diaziridines, triazinanes, diazenes, etc. towards the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing molecules of pharmaceutical and industrial importance. This review is in continuation of our review published in the Israel Journal of Chemistry in April 2016, and includes the literature from April 2016 to May 2019.magnified image
Colossal Tunneling Electroresistance in Co‐Planar Polymer Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Kumar Manasvi , Georgiadou Dimitra G. , Seitkhan Akmaral , Loganathan Kalaivanan , Yengel Emre , Faber Hendrik , Naphade Dipti , Basu Aniruddha , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Asadi Kamal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFerroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) are ideal resistance‐switching devices due to their deterministic behavior and operation at low voltages. However, FTJs have remained mostly as a scientific curiosity due to three critical issues: lack of rectification in their current‐voltage characteristic, small tunneling electroresistance (TER) effect, and absence of a straightforward lithography‐based device fabrication method that would allow for their mass production. Co‐planar FTJs that are fabricated using wafer‐scale adhesion lithography technique are demonstrated, and a bi‐stable rectifying behavior with colossal TER approaching 106% at room temperature is exhibited. The FTJs are based on poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)], and employ asymmetric co‐planar metallic electrodes separated by <20 nm. The tunneling nature of the charge transport is corroborated using Simmons direct tunneling model. The present work is the first demonstration of functional FTJs manufactured via a scalable lithography‐based nano‐patterning technique and could pave the way to new and exciting memory device concepts.
Identification of TMC1 as a relatively common cause for nonsyndromic hearing loss in the Saudi population
Authors: Ramzan Khushnooda , Al‐Owain Mohammed , Al‐Numair Nouf S. , Afzal Sibtain , Al‐Ageel Sarah , Al‐Amer Sultan , Al‐Baik Lina , Al‐Otaibi Ghoson F. , Hashem Amal , Al‐Mashharawi Eman , Basit Sulman , Al‐Mazroea Abdal H. , Softah Ameen , Sogaty Sameera , Imtiaz Faiqa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder worldwide and genetic factors contribute to approximately half of congenital HL cases. HL is subject to extensive genetic heterogeneity, rendering molecular diagnosis difficult. Mutations of the transmembrane channel‐like 1 (TMC1) gene cause hearing defects in humans and mice. The precise function of TMC1 protein in the inner ear is unknown, although it is predicted to be involved in functional maturation of cochlear hair cells. TMC1 mutations result in autosomal recessive (DFNB7/11) and sometimes dominant (DFNA36) nonsyndromic HL. Mutations in TMC1 are responsible for a significant portion of HL, particularly in consanguineous populations. To evaluate the importance of TMC1 mutations in the Saudi population, we used a combination of autozygome‐guided candidate gene mutation analysis and targeted next generation sequencing in 366 families with HL previously shown to lack mutations in GJB2. We identified 12 families that carried five causative TMC1 mutations; including three novel (c.362+3A > G; c.758C > T [p.Ser253Phe]; c.1396_1398delACC [p.Asn466del]) and two reported mutations (c.100C > T [p.Arg34Ter]; c.1714G > A [p.Asp572Asn]). Each of the identified recessive mutation was classified as severe, by both age of onset and severity of HL. Similarly, consistent with the previously reported dominant variant p.Asp572Asn, the HL phenotype was progressive. Eight families in our cohort were found to share the pathogenic p.Arg34Ter mutation and linkage disequilibrium was observed between p.Arg34Ter and SNPs investigated. Our results indicate that TMC1 mutations account for about 3.3% (12/366) of Saudi HL cases and that the recurrent TMC1 mutation p.Arg34Ter is likely to be a founder mutation.