bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity
Authors: Xu Liyang , Zhang Min , Shi Lihua , Yang Xiaoli , Chen Lu , Cao Ning , Lei Anhua , Cao Ying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Previous studies demonstrated the dependence of cancer on nerve. Recently, a growing number of studies reveal that cancer cells share the property and regulatory network with neural stem/progenitor cells. However, relationship between the property of neural stemness and cell tumorigenicity is unknown.
Results
We show that neural stem/progenitor cells, but not non-neural embryonic or somatic stem/progenitor cell types, exhibit tumorigenicity and the potential for differentiation into tissue types of all germ layers when they are placed in non-native environment by transplantation into immunodeficient nude mice. Likewise, cancer cells capable of tumor initiation have the property of neural stemness because of their abilities in neurosphere formation in neural stem cell-specific serum-free medium and in differentiation potential, in addition to their neuronal differentiation potential that was characterized previously. Moreover, loss of a pro-differentiation factor in myoblasts, which have no tumorigenicity, lead to the loss of myoblast identity, and gain of the property of neural stemness, tumorigenicity and potential for re-differentiation. These suggest that the property of neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity, and tumor phenotypic heterogeneity might be an effect of differentiation potential of neural stemness. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that neural genes in general are correlated with embryonic development and cancer, in addition to their role in neural development; whereas non-neural genes are not. Most of neural specific genes emerged in typical species representing transition from unicellularity to multicellularity during evolution. Genes in Monosiga brevicollis, a unicellular species that is a closest known relative of metazoans, are biased toward neural cells.
Conclusions
We suggest that the property of neural stemness is the source of cell tumorigenicity. This is due to that neural biased unicellular state is the ground state for multicellularity and hence cell type diversification or differentiation during evolution, and tumorigenesis is a process of restoration of neural ground state in somatic cells along a default route that is pre-determined by an evolutionary advantage of neural state.
Neurotoxic Zanthoxylum chalybeum root constituents invoke mosquito larval growth retardation through ecdysteroidogenic CYP450s transcriptional perturbations
Authors: Muema Jackson Mbithi , Bargul Joel L. , Mutunga James M. , Obonyo Meshack A. , Asudi George O. , Njeru Sospeter N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Intracellular effects exerted by phytochemicals eliciting insect growth-reducing responses during vector control intervention remain largely underexplored. We studied the effects of Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl. (Rutaceae) (ZCE) root derivatives against malaria (Anopheles gambiae) and arbovirus vector (Aedes aegypti) larvae to decipher possible molecular targets. Results: We report dose-dependent biphasic effects on larval response, with transient exposure to ZCE and its bioactive fraction (ZCFr.5) inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, inducing larval lethality and growth retardation at sublethal doses. Half-maximal lethal concentrations (LC50) for ZCE and ZCFr.5 against An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti larvae after 24-h exposure were 9.00 ppm, 12.26 ppm, and 1.58 ppm, 3.21 ppm, respectively. Inhibition of AChE was potentially linked to larval toxicity afforded by 2-tridecanone, palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), linoleic acid ((Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid), sesamin, β-caryophyllene among other compounds identified in the bioactive fraction. In addition, the phenotypic larval retardation induced by ZCE root constituents were exerted through transcriptional modulation of ecdysteroidogenic CYP450 genes. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings provide an explorative avenue for developing potential mosquito control agents from Z. chalybeum root constituents.
Short-and long-term outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Kai , Ren Qingquan , Xu Ruibin , Guo Jianfeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the short-and long-term outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy in older patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 218 NSCLC patient data between January 2014 and January 2019, which included pathological, clinical, and follow-up surveys on VATS lobectomy, were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 218-patient data analyzed, a total of 77 patients were 70 years of age and older (elderly group), while a total of 141 patients were below 70 years of age (nonelderly group).Results Concerning general preoperative data, the simplified comorbidity score (SCS) and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores were higher in the elderly patient group as compared to the nonelderly patient group. Also, elderly patients had poor pulmonary function performance as compared to their counterparts. There were, however, no significant statistical differences found with surgical data between the two groups concerning intraoperative blood loss, operation duration, and conversion to thoracotomy. None of the patients in either of the groups died within thirty days of the operation. Additionally, there were no significant statistical differences in the five-year overall survival rate and the five-year disease-free survival rate between both groups.Conclusion NSCLC treatment with VATS lobectomy is safe and feasible in elderly patients, and it can provide excellent long-term outcomes. However, it is necessary to strengthen perioperative management and promote early postoperative recovery to reduce complications.
Identification of lncRNA prognostic signature and analysis of their functions for HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Kun , Li Wenxin , Liu Yefu , Hao Zhiqiang , Hua Xiangdong , Ma Zuohong , Feng Zhaoqiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a main contribution to the increase in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence and patients’ death recently, but prognostic biomarkers for HCV-related HCC remain rarely reported. This study was to identify an lncRNA prognostic signature for HCV-HCC patients and explore their underlying function mechanisms. Methods In total, 102 HCV-HCC samples and 50 normal control samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were conducted to screen an lncRNA signature that could predict overall survival (OS) and then, the risk score was calculated using this signature. The prognostic potential of this risk score was evaluated by drawing Kaplan-Meier, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and performing multivariate Cox regression analyses with clinical variables. Furthermore, a co-expression and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed to explore the functional mechanisms of lncRNAs. Results Multivariate Cox regression showed six lncRNAs (SLC16A1-AS1, ZFPM2-AS1, JARID2-AS1, LINC01426, USP3-AS1 and LYPLAL1-AS1) were significantly associated with OS of HCV-HCC patients. These six lncRNAs were used to establish a risk score model, which displayed a higher prognosis prediction accuracy [area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.95 for training set; AUC = 0.885 for testing; AUC = 0.907 for entire set]. Also, this was independent of various clinical variables. The crucial co-expression (LINC01426/SLC16A1-AS1-AURKA/SFN/CCNB1, ZFPM2-AS1/LYPLAL1-AS1/JARID2-AS1-TSSK6) or ceRNA (USP3-AS1-hsa-miR-383-SFN) interaction axes were identified. Conclusion Our study identified a novel six-lncRNA prognosis signature for HCV-HCC patients and indicated their underlying mechanisms for HCC progression.
Sex Differences in Stroke Outcome Are Associated With Constitutive Gut Dysbiosis and Stroke-induced Gut Permeability
Authors: El-Hakim Yumna , Mani Kathiresh Kumar , Eldouh Amir , Dabney Alan , Pilla Rachel , Sohrabji Farida 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Sex differences in experimental stroke are well documented, such that adult males show worse outcomes compared to adult females, including greater infarct volume, increased stroke-induced mortality and more severe sensory-motor impairment. Based on recent evidence that gut dysbiosis may be an early response to stroke, the present study tested the hypothesis that in the acute phase, stroke will result in greater permeability of the gut blood barrier and gut dysbiosis in males as compared to females. Method: Male and female Sprague Dawley rats (5-7 months of age) were subject to endothelin (ET)-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Fecal samples, blood draws and sensory motor tests were conducted pre and 2d after MCAo. Fecal samples were analyzed for 16s sequencing and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Gut permeability was assessed in serum samples using biomarkers of gut permeability as well as functional assays using size-graded dextrans. Results: We confirmed stroke-induced sex differences, including greater mortality and sensory motor deficit in males as compared to age-matched female rats. Remarkably, fecal 16s sequencing showed greater bacterial diversity in females at baseline (prior to stroke) while 2 days after stroke, these measures were similar between the sexes. In contrast, fecal levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are usually beneficial, were higher in males. MCAo-induced gut permeability was much worse in males as compared to females, as indicated by histological analysis, biochemical markers in serum, and serum measurement of fluorescent-labeled dextrans following oral gavage. Additionally, males had higher serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-17A, MCP-1, IL-5 and EGF compared to females after stroke. Predictive modeling indicated that markers of gut permeability were associated with stroke-induced sensory-motor impairment. Conclusions: Poor stroke outcomes in adult males is mirrored by increased gut permeability in this group. Additionally, these data suggest that constitutive sex differences in the diversity and richness of gut microbial communities may predispose better functional outcomes after stroke in females, and support the idea that preventative modification of the gut microbiome may reduce the risk for stroke in vulnerable populations such as the elderly or those with co-morbid conditions.
Incidence, mortality and survival in children and young people aged 11-25 in Wales with co-occurring mental disorders and problem, hazardous or harmful substance use: estimates derived from linked routine data
Authors: Rees Sarah , Watkins Alan , Keauffling Janet , John Ann 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Mental disorder (MD) and problem, hazardous or harmful substance use (SUD) are associated with poorer than average health and greater mortality. We analysed routine data to estimate incidence of co-occurring (CC) MD and SUD, and to estimate all-cause mortality and survival with CC, a single MD or SUD diagnosis or neither condition (NC), in young people aged 11-25 in Wales, UK. Methods A retrospective population-based electronic cohort study using data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Participants were 958,603 individuals aged 11-25 between 2008 and 2017, with a subset for mortality and survival analysis of 465,242 individuals born between 1983 and 1997 and present in the data on 1st January 2008. Incidence was defined as date of first recorded occurrence of a CC code. Incidence and observed unadjusted mortality were reported as rates per 1,000 person-years at risk (PYAR). We plotted Kaplan-Meier survival curves and carried out Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios for risk of death by condition group (CC; MD or SUD only; NC). Results CC incidence in primary care significantly decreased, from 2.5/1,000 PYAR (95% CI 2.3-2.6) in 2008 to 2.1/1,000 (95% CI 2.0-2.2) in 2017 (Incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.9, 95% CI 0.8-1.0, p=0.01), and in hospital admissions remained stable, from 2.3/1,000 (95% CI 2.1-2.4) in 2008 to 2.2/1,000 (95% CI 2.0-2.3) in 2017 (IRR = 1.0, 95% CI 0.9-1.1). Higher incidence was associated with male sex, older age and greater deprivation.Observed unadjusted mortality rates for CC (1.4/1,000 PYAR, 95% CI 1.2-1.5) and SUD only (1.1/1,000, 95% CI 0.9-1.4) were significantly higher than for MD only (0.4/1,000, 95% CI 0.3-0.4) and no condition (NC) (0.3/1,000, 95% CI 0.2-0.3). Risk of death was significantly higher for CC (HR = 8.7, 95% CI 7.5-10.0, p<0.001), SUD only (HR = 4.5, 95% CI 3.4-5.9, p<0.001) and MD only (HR = 2.7, 95% CI 2.4-3.1, p<0.001), compared with NC.Conclusions Male sex, older age and greater deprivation were associated with significantly higher CC incidence. CC, and also SUD or MD only, were associated with greater risk of death, compared with individuals with NC.
Stakeholder’s views of adolescent weight management programmes: a qualitative study.
Authors: Jones Helen M , Oyebode Oyinlola , Melendez-Torres G.J. , Al-Khudairy Lena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Child and adolescent obesity is a significant public health concern. Family-based multi-component weight management programmes are recommended, however recruitment and retention in these programmes are poor. Understanding stakeholders’ views of these programmes may lead to improvements in delivery, and in turn, improve engagement and success in treating adolescents with obesity in the future. The aim of this study is to explore stakeholders’ views on adolescent weight management programmes.Methods A qualitative study of stakeholders (n = 11), recruited by purposive sampling was conducted. Semi-structured interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Codes were grouped into sub-categories, which were combined into higher order categories.Results Stakeholders recognised the importance of support for adolescents from experienced professionals, as well as family and peers. There was agreement amongst stakeholders that longer-term support was needed for adolescents with obesity; suggestions included integrating follow-up support with schools and leisure services. The need for the educational side of a programme to be practical and hands on was recognised. Emotional and psychological support must be prioritised. Having a variety of delivery modes, such as group and 1-2-1, particularly in the home environment, were recommended. Stakeholders agreed that weight management programmes for adolescents need to be more proactive at incorporating technology.Conclusions This study identified key categories, which should be considered when developing successful weight management programmes for adolescents with overweight or obesity. By taking on board the views of those that work closely with this group, attrition and dropout rates for weight management programmes may be improved.
The efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells derived therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome - a meta-analysis of preclinical trials.
Authors: Wang Fengyun , Fang Bin , Qiang Xinhua , Shao Jingsong , Zhou Lixin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The investigation of Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) conditioned medium or extracellular vesicles (exosomes or microvesicles) for acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a fast growing field in recent years. Our purpose is to investigate these MSC’s derived therapies’ (MDT) efficacy for ARDS in animal models by meta-analysis.Methods Meta-analysis of MDT for ALI/ARDS in animal trials. PubMed and EMBASE were searched to screen relevant preclinical trials with a pre-specified search strategy. Results A total of 17 studies were included in our studies. Compared the control group, the pooled result suggested that MDT can reduce lung injury score (mean = -4.02, 95% CI [- 5.28, - 2.23], P <0.0001) and improve survival (OR = -6.45, 95% CI [2.78, 14.97], P <0.0001) significantly. MDT mitigated the infiltration of neutrophils in alveoli (mean = -1.35, 95% CI [-1.69, -1.02], P <0.0001). Also, MDT reduced the wet to dry weight ratio of lung (mean = -2.65, 95% CI [-3.99, -1.31], P= 0.0001) and total protein in BALF (mean = -1.29, 95% CI [-1.63, -0.96], P <0.0001). Furthermore, MDT was found to down-regulate pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-a, and up-regulate anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10.Conclusion MDT reduced lung injury and improved survival in animal ARDS models as it can ameliorate the lungs’ permeability, decrease inflammatory cells infiltration, down-regulate pro-inflammatory mediators and up-regulate anti-inflammatory mediators. However, more animal studies and human trials are needed for further investigation.
Iatrogenic Pneumopericardium after tube thoracostomy: Case Report
Authors: Mindaye Esubalew T. , Arayia Abraham , Tufa Tesfaye H. , Bekele Mahteme 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Pneumopericardium, the presence of air within the pericardial space, is a rare occurrence which usually follows positive pressure ventilation in infants, or blunt and penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries in adults. The occurrence of iatrogenic pneumopericardium following tube thoracostomy is an extremely rare occurrence.Case presentation: We present a rare case of iatrogenic pneumopericardium in a 1 year and 7 months old female child for whom a left side tube thoracostomy was done using nasogastric tube for an indication of left empyema thoracis. Later, she developed progressive worsening of shortness of breath and imaging revealed iatrogenic pneumopericardium. She was managed conservatively and discharged home in good condition.Discussion: Pneumopericardium can have a range of presentations from being asymptomatic to presenting with features of cardiac tamponade. Treatment can range from conservative observation to pericardiocentesis and insertion of a small chest tube into the pericardium. In the absence of echocardiographic evidence of tamponade, the severe malnutrition our patient had and the already infected pleural cavity which could have increased her postoperative complication we deferred surgical intervention.Conclusion: Iatrogenic pneumopericardium is a rare event but it might lead to death if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Although reporting of complications is not popular, this represents an opportunity to advance the safety during chest drain insertion. The tendency to develop tension pneumopericardium urging surgical intervention is high in pediatric patients but our patient has improved well with conservative management.
Computing the Average Body Mass Index: A Study with Systematic Sampling Using Auxiliary Information
Authors: Vishwakarma Gajendra K. , Singh Neha , Singh Surendra Pal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of body mass index (BMI) could lead to over/under estimation of fat mass percentage. Systematic sampling is to be applied only if the given population is logically homogeneous, because systematic sample units are uniformly distributed over the population. The method of estimation for mean of the study variable under systematic sampling using auxiliary information has been proposed to estimate the body mass index (BMI).Methods: The measures of different body parts are taken as auxiliary variables. The observation available on different body parts are assumed to be recorded with observational error. Thus we also propose method of estimation for mean in the presence of observational error. Numerical study has been done to reveal the efficacy of the proposed procedure for estimation of mean. Simulation study has also been done to demonstrate the effect of observational error on the estimation of body mass index.Results: The properties of the proposed estimation method have been derived under large sampling approximation and obtained the conditions under which proposed method are more efficient. Conclusions: The study provides an easy approach and simplest way to obtain the BMI estimate with and without observational error. Thus the suggested method may be used by statistician for this problem and for many others similar problem in the estimation of mean.
Three-dimensional Transthoracic Echocardiographic Evaluation of Tricuspid Regurgitation Severity Using Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area: Comparison With Volumetric Method
Authors: Chen Beiqi , Dong Lili , Liu Yu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe quantification of tricuspid regurgitation(TR) using three-dimensional(3D) proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA)derived effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) is feasible in functional TR. The aim of our study was to explore thediagnostic accuracy and utility of 3D PISA EROA in a larger population of different etiologies. MethodsOne hundred and seven patients with confirmed TR underwent 2D and 3D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). 3D PISA EROA was calculatedand EROA derived from 3D regurgitant volume (Rvol) was used as the reference. Results3D PISA EROA showed better correlation in primary TR than in functional TR(r=0.897, P<0.01). 3D PISA EROA differentiated severe TR with comparable accuracy in patients with primary and functional etiology (Z-value 16.506 vs 21.202), but with different cut-offs (0.49cm2vs. 0.41 cm2). The chi-square value for incorporated clinical symptoms, positive echocardiographic results and 3D PISA EROA to grade severe TR was higher than only included clinical symptoms or incorporated clinical symptoms and posotive echocardiographic results (chi-square value 137.233, P <0.01). ConclusionTR quantification using 3D PISA EROA is feasible and accurate under different etiologies. Ithas incremental diagnostic value for evaluating severeTR.