bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corteva Agriscience's perspective and commitment to managing herbicide resistance
Authors: Sleugh Byron B , Wright Terry R , Salas Marisa , Simpson David M , Schmitzer Paul R , Morell Mauricio , Saunders David W 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChemical weed control has been widely adopted and has led to increased efficiency and reduced crop production costs. With the increased use of herbicides and the introduction of herbicide‐tolerant crops we have also seen an increase in herbicide resistant weeds which presents a challenge for farmers and land managers. It is incumbent upon the agriculture industry to be an indispensable partner in leading policy, research, education, and best management practices related to herbicide resistance. Corteva Agriscience is an active, engaged partner in herbicide resistance research, education, and communication globally to enable the long‐term sustainable use of herbicide‐tolerant crop traits and herbicides. Some of the key components of our commitment are highlighted in this Perspective paper and include memberships, partnerships, close involvement with CropLife International (and regional CropLife organizations), and Herbicide Resistance Action Committees at the Global, regional and country level, technical leadership and engagement in multiple scientific societies, and collaboration with universities and research institutes. Corteva is committed to advancing sustainable agriculture to enrich lives and our planet for generations to come and this drives our action through the entire product lifecycle and with our customers and consumers.
Assessing the effects of workforce diversity on project productivity performance for sustainable workplace in the construction industry
Authors: Won Daeyoun , Hwang Bon‐Gang , Chng Soo Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent studies on workforce diversity have preached that workforce diversity could have a positive impact on productivity if it is managed and utilized well. Due to the global trend of increasing workforce diversity in construction projects, it is crucial to understand the factors affecting workforce diversity and their impact on productivity for developing a sustainable environment for workforce diversity. However, little attention has been given to how workforce diversity may affect productivity performance in the construction industry. Thus, this study aims to assess the impact of workforce diversity on project productivity performance (PPP). Twenty‐one diversity factors were identified via literature review and validated by industry experts, followed by a survey conducted with 58 firms working in Singapore. The responses were analyzed and used to develop a partial least squares structural equation model. The outcomes from the model signified that the diversity aspects such as efficient decision‐making and countering the issue of skilled labor shortages had the highest impact in their respective categories of “Skill and education” and “Age and experience.” Therefore, this study contributes to the core body of knowledge and practice both in defining workforce diversity factors and in assessing the relationship between diversity factors and productivity. Furthermore, feasible strategies that match the factors prioritized by the level of the impact on PPP were proposed. These can help construction organizations to understand the untapped potential of workforce diversity and its impact on PPP, ultimately enhancing the productivity of the industry and sustainable diversity in the workplace.
APOE ε4/ε4 homozygotes with early Alzheimer's disease show accelerated hippocampal atrophy and cortical thinning that correlates with cognitive decline
Authors: Abushakra Susan , Porsteinsson Anton P. , Sabbagh Marwan , Bracoud Luc , Schaerer Joel , Power Aidan , Hey John A. , Scott David , Suhy Joyce , Tolar Martin ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionHippocampal volume (HV) and cortical thickness are commonly used imaging biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) trials, and may have utility as selection criteria for enrichment strategies. Atrophy rates of these measures, in the high‐risk apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4/ε4 homozygous AD subjects are unknown.MethodsData from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI‐1) and a tramiprosate trial were analyzed in APOE ε4/ε4 and APOE ε3/ε3 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were centrally processed using FreeSurfer; total HV and composite average cortical thickness were derived and adjusted for age, head size, and education. Volumetric changes from baseline were assessed using Boundary Shift Integral, and correlated with cognitive changes.ResultsAPOE ε4/ε4 MCI subjects showed significantly higher % HV atrophy and cortical thinning at 12 months (4.4%, 3.1%, n = 29) compared to APOE ε3/ε3 subjects (2.8%, 1.8%, n = 93) and similarly in mild AD (7.4%, 4.7% n = 21 vs 5.4%, 3.3% n = 29). Differences were all significant at 24 months. Over 24 months, HV atrophy and cortical thinning correlated significantly with Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive subscale worsening in APOE ε4/ε4 MCI subjects, but not in mild AD.DiscussionCorrelation of volumetric measures to cognitive change in APOE ε4/ε4 subjects with early AD supports their role as efficacy biomarkers. If confirmed in a Phase 3 trial with ALZ‐801 (pro‐drug of tramiprosate) in APOE ε4/ε4 early AD subjects, it may allow their use as surrogate outcomes in future treatment or prevention trials in AD.
Influence of COVID-19 confinement measures on appendectomies in Germany—a claims data analysis of 9797 patients
Authors: Maneck Matthias , Günster Christian , Meyer Hans-Joachim , Heidecke Claus-Dieter , Rolle Udo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
COVID-19 pandemic had multiple influences on the social, industrial, and medical situation in all affected countries. Measures of obligatory medical confinement were suspensions of scheduled non-emergent surgical procedures and outpatients’ clinics as well as overall access restrictions to hospitals and medical practices. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess if the obligatory confinement (lockdown) had an effect on the number of appendectomies (during and after the period of lockdown).

Methods
This retrospective study was based on anonymized nationwide administrative claims data of the German Local General Sickness Fund (AOK). Patients admitted for diseases of the appendix (ICD-10: K35-K38) or abdominal and pelvic pain (ICD-10: R10) who underwent an appendectomy (OPS: 5-470) were included. The study period included 6 weeks of German lockdown (16 March–26 April 2020) as well as 6 weeks before (03 February–15 March 2020) and after (27 April–07 June 2020). These periods were compared to the respective one in 2018 and 2019.

Results
The overall number of appendectomies was significantly reduced during the lockdown time in 2020 compared to that in 2018 and 2019. This decrease affects only appendectomies due to acute simple (ICD-10: K35.30, K35.8) and non-acute appendicitis (ICD-10: K36-K38, R10). Numbers for appendectomies in acute complex appendicitis remained unchanged. Female patients and in the age group 1–18 years showed the strongest decrease in number of cases.

Conclusion
The lockdown in Germany resulted in a decreased number of appendectomies. This affected mainly appendectomies in simple acute and non-acute appendicitis, but not complicated acute appendicitis. The study gives no evidence that the confinement measures resulted in a deterioration of medical care for appendicitis.
Predicting delinquent behavior in young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD: results from the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study
Authors: Breuer Dieter , von Wirth Elena , Mandler Janet , Schürmann Stephanie , Döpfner Manfred 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate which factors predict lifetime reports of delinquent behavior in young adults who had received adaptive multimodal treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) starting at ages 6–10 years. Participants were reassessed 13–24 years (M = 17.6, SD = 1.8) after they had received individualized ADHD treatment in the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment Study (CAMT). Their behavior was classified as non-delinquent (n = 34) or delinquent (n = 25) based on self-reports regarding the number of police contacts, offenses, and convictions at follow-up. Childhood variables assessed at post-intervention (e.g., externalizing child behavior problems, intelligence, and parenting behavior) that were significantly associated with group membership were entered as possible predictors of delinquency in a Chi-squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID) analysis. Delinquent behavior during adolescence and adulthood was best predicted by (a) meeting the symptom count diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder (CD) according to parent ratings, in combination with a nonverbal intelligence of IQ ≤ 106 at post-intervention, and (b) delinquent behavior problems (teacher rating) at post-intervention. The predictor variables specified in the CHAID analysis classified 81% of the participants correctly. The results support the hypothesis that a childhood diagnosis of ADHD is only predictive of delinquent behavior if it is accompanied by early conduct behavior problems. Low nonverbal intelligence was found to be an additional risk factor. These findings underline the importance of providing behavioral interventions that focus on externalizing behavior problems to children with ADHD and comorbid conduct problems.
Synovial biopsies in clinical practice and research: current developments and perspectives
Authors: Johnsson Hanna , Najm Aurélie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSynovial biopsy techniques have developed and widely expanded over the past few years, in particular due to the development of ultrasound-guided procedures. This article reviews the different techniques, clinical applications, and the latest advances in translational research as well as current challenges and perspectives. The first part focuses on different techniques available for biopsy, along with their feasibility, success rate, tolerance, and training requirements. In the second part, clinical applications are described. Data on diagnostic performances are reported, especially regarding septic arthritis. Translational research applications are described and explained in the final part, from the early histological studies and the first description of pathotype to more recent technologies involving -omics. Latest developments involving single-cell RNA sequence analysis have allowed the discovery of new cell subpopulations with remarkable roles in RA pathophysiology. These studies pave the ground for the discovery of new therapeutic targets and the implementation of personalized therapy in RA.

Key Point•This review provides an overview of synovial biopsy techinques and applications especially in clinical and translational research.
Insect pest monitoring with camera-equipped traps: strengths and limitations
Authors: Preti Michele , Verheggen François , Angeli Sergio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntegrated pest management relies on insect pest monitoring to support the decision of counteracting a given level of infestation and to select the adequate control method. The classic monitoring approach of insect pests is based on placing in single infested areas a series of traps that are checked by human operators on a temporal basis. This strategy requires high labor cost and provides poor spatial and temporal resolution achievable by single operators. The adoption of image sensors to monitor insect pests can result in several practical advantages. The purpose of this review is to summarize the progress made on automatic traps with a particular focus on camera-equipped traps. The use of software and image recognition algorithms can support automatic trap usage to identify and/or count insect species from pictures. Considering the high image resolution achievable and the opportunity to exploit data transfer systems through wireless technology, it is possible to have remote control of insect captures, limiting field visits. The availability of real-time and on-line pest monitoring systems from a distant location opens the opportunity for measuring insect population dynamics constantly and simultaneously in a large number of traps with a limited human labor requirement. The actual limitations are the high cost, the low power autonomy and the low picture quality of some prototypes together with the need for further improvements in fully automated pest detection. Limits and benefits resulting from several case studies are examined with a perspective for the future development of technology-driven insect pest monitoring and management.
Optimal strong convergence rates of some Euler-type timestepping schemes for the finite element discretization SPDEs driven by additive fractional Brownian motion and Poisson random measure
Authors: Noupelah Aurelien Junior , Tambue Antoine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the numerical approximation of a general second order semilinear stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) driven by a additive fractional Brownian motion (fBm) with Hurst parameter$H>\frac {1}{2}$H>12and Poisson random measure. Such equations are more realistic in modelling real world phenomena. To the best of our knowledge, numerical schemes for such SPDE have been lacked in the scientific literature. The approximation is done with the standard finite element method in space and three Euler-type timestepping methods in time. More precisely the well-known linear implicit method, an exponential integrator and the exponential Rosenbrock scheme are used for time discretization. In contract to the current literature in the field, our linear operator is not necessary self-adjoint and we have achieved optimal strong convergence rates for SPDE driven by fBm and Poisson measure. The results examine how the convergence orders depend on the regularity of the noise and the initial data and reveal that the full discretization attains the optimal convergence rates of order$\mathcal {O}(h^{2}+\varDelta t)$O(h2+Δt)for the exponential integrator and implicit schemes. Numerical experiments are provided to illustrate our theoretical results for the case of SPDE driven by the fBm noise.
Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Feng You-Shan , Kohlmann Thomas , Janssen Mathieu F. , Buchholz Ines 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeAlthough the EQ-5D has a long history of use in a wide range of populations, the newer five-level version (EQ-5D-5L) has not yet had such extensive experience. This systematic review summarizes the available published scientific evidence on the psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L.MethodsPre-determined key words and exclusion criteria were used to systematically search publications from 2011 to 2019. Information on study characteristics and psychometric properties were extracted: specifically, EQ-5D-5L distribution (including ceiling and floor), missing values, reliability (test–retest), validity (convergent, known-groups, discriminate) and responsiveness (distribution, anchor-based). EQ-5D-5L index value means, ceiling and correlation coefficients (convergent validity) were pooled across the studies using random-effects models.ResultsOf the 889 identified publications, 99 were included for review, representing 32 countries. Musculoskeletal/orthopedic problems and cancer (n = 8 each) were most often studied. Most papers found missing values (17 of 17 papers) and floor effects (43 of 48 papers) to be unproblematic. While the index was found to be reliable (9 of 9 papers), individual dimensions exhibited instability over time. Index values and dimensions demonstrated moderate to strong correlations with global health measures, other multi-attribute utility instruments, physical/functional health, pain, activities of daily living, and clinical/biological measures. The instrument was not correlated with life satisfaction and cognition/communication measures. Responsiveness was addressed by 15 studies, finding moderate effect sizes when confined to studied subgroups with improvements in health.ConclusionsThe EQ-5D-5L exhibits excellent psychometric properties across a broad range of populations, conditions and settings. Rigorous exploration of its responsiveness is needed.
Criteria for item selection for a preference-based measure for use in economic evaluation
Authors: Peasgood Tessa , Mukuria Clara , Carlton Jill , Connell Janice , Brazier John 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPreference-based measures allow patients to report their level of health, and the responses are then scored using preference weights from a representative general population sample for use in cost utility analysis. The development process of new preference-based measures should ensure that valid items are selected to reflect the constructs of interest included in the measure and that are suitable for use in preference-elicitation exercises. Existing criteria on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) development were reviewed, and additional considerations were taken into account in order to generate criteria to support development of new preference-based measures. Criteria covering 22 different aspects related to item selection for preference-based measures are presented. These include criteria related to how items are phrased to ensure accurate completion, the coverage of items in terms of range of domains as well as focus on current outcomes and whether items are suitable for valuation. The criteria are aimed at supporting the development of new preference-based measures with discussion to ensure that even where there is conflict between criteria, issues have been considered at the item selection stage. This would minimize problems at valuation stage by harmonizing established criteria and expanding lists to reflect the unique characteristics of preference-based measures.
Analyzing the Gender Gap in Poland and Italy, and by Regions
Authors: Greselin Francesca , Jȩdrzejczak Alina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh-income inequality, accompanied by substantial regional differentiation, is still a great challenge for social policymakers in many European countries. One of the important elements of this phenomenon is the inequality between income distributions of men and women. Using data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, the distributions of income for Italy and Poland were compared, and the gender gap in these countries was assessed. No single metric can capture the full range of experiences, so a set of selected tools were adopted. The Dagum model was fitted to each distribution, summary measures, like the Gini and Zenga inequality indices, were evaluated, and the Zenga curve was employed to detect changes at each income quantile. Afterward, empirical distributions were compared through a relative approach, providing an analytic picture of the gender gap for both countries. The analysis moved beyond the typical focus on average or median earnings differences, towards a focus on how the full distribution of women’s earnings relative to men’s compares. The analysis was performed in the different macroregions of the two countries, with a discussion of the results. The study revealed that income inequality in Poland and Italy varies across gender and regions. In Italy, the highest inequality was observed in the poorest region, i.e. the islands. On the contrary, in Poland, the highest inequality occurred in the richest region, the central one. The relative distribution method was a powerful tool for studying the gender gap.
On the influence of the day of the week on objective and self-rated sleep quality of adults
Authors: Sauter C. , Dorn H. , Danker-Hopfe H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and objective
The extent to which adult sleep varies depending on the day of the week has not yet been systematically investigated with electroencephalography (EEG) data. Whether such effects exist and whether they are related to age, gender, and employment status was retrospectively analyzed based on data from an experimental double-blind cross-over study in which effects of electromagnetic fields of a cell phone base station on the sleep of a general rural population had been examined.

Methods
The sleep of 397 adults (age 45.0 ± 14.2 years, range 18–81 years; 50.9% women) from ten different rural German villages was recorded for 12 nights with ambulatory devices. Self-reported sleep quality was recorded in morning and evening protocols. Friedman tests were used for statistical analysis of the comparison between the days, and the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for pairwise comparisons of independent parameters between groups.

Results
For the present analysis, data from 335 participants were considered. Overall, the differences between nights were small and the quality of sleep was good. Three of the five objective and all six self-rated sleep parameters differed significantly between the days of the week. While the objective and the self-estimated total sleep time were longest on Sunday nights, the qualitatively poorest values occurred on Monday nights. People who worked fulltime had the longest sleep latencies on Sunday nights. Friday nights were rated the best.

Conclusion
The objective and self-rated sleep quality varied relatively little in a rural adult population over the course of the week, being worst on Monday nights and best on Friday nights.
Redesign of an Outdoor Space in a Swedish Preschool: Opportunities and Constraints for Sustainability Education
Authors: Nordén Birgitta , Avery Helen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChildren's early engagement in design of outdoor spaces can form the basis of later attitudes and responsible action for sustainability. The present study is part of a participatory action research project in an urban multi-ethnic preschool in Sweden, involving children, parents, preschool staff and management with a focus on improving the preschool playground. The methodology involved children taking pictures of the outdoor space, informal participant observation by one researcher and conversations with children and teachers. Analyses completed of selected fieldwork excerpts focus on learning opportunities for children and adults, children’s participation, cooperation and leadership for sustainability. Deeper awareness and confidence, and practical pedagogies for staff in preschools are required for effective sustainability education. A joint frame of reference on pedagogical practices and processes for reflection is needed within and across early childhood institutions. More continuous training of staff and preschool leadership would be of benefit. However, such commitment is ultimately a matter of policy to invest in giving preschools the means to develop and realise ambitions for environmental and sustainability education.