bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which precipitation forecasts to use? Deterministic versus coarser‐resolution ensemble NWP models
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Wang Quan J. , Wu Wenyan , Yang Qichun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeterministic numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and ensemble NWP models are routinely run worldwide to assist weather forecasting. Deterministic forecasts are capable of capturing more detailed spatial features, while ensemble forecasts, often with a coarser resolution, have the ability to predict uncertainty in future conditions. A comparative understanding of the performance of these two types of forecasts is valuable for both users of NWP products and model developers. Past published comparisons tended to be limited in scope, for example, for only specific locations and weather events, and involving only raw forecasts. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive comparison of the performance of a deterministic model and an ensemble model of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in forecasting daily precipitation across Australia over a period of 3 years. The deterministic model has a horizontal grid spacing of approximately 25 km, and the ensemble model 60 km. Despite the coarser resolution, the ensemble forecasts are found to be superior by a number of measures, including correlation, accuracy and reliability. This finding holds true for both raw forecasts from the NWP models and forecasts post‐processed using the recently developed seasonally coherent calibration (SCC) model. Post‐processing is shown to greatly improve the forecasts from both models; however, the improvement is greater for the deterministic model, narrowing the performance gap between the two models. This study adds strong evidence to the general notion that coarser‐resolution ensemble NWP forecasts perform better than deterministic forecasts.
Optical Imaging and High‐Accuracy Quantification of Intracellular Iron Contents
Authors: Ye Dewen , Li Mingxi , Xie Yuanyuan , Chen Bo , Han Yuexia , Liu Sijin , Wei Qi‐Huo , Gu Ning 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrecise quantification of intracellular iron contents is important to biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. Current approaches for iron quantification rely on specialized instruments while most only yield iron quantities averaged over plenty of cells. Here, a simple and robust approach, combining digital optical microscopy with the Beer–Lambert's law, that allows for imaging stainable iron distribution in individual cells and the quantification of stainable iron contents with an unprecedented accuracy of femtogram per pixel, is presented. It is further shown that this approach enables studying of the internalization and reduction dynamics of super‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) by stem cells in single cell level.
“Thinking Too Much”: A Clash of Legitimate Values in Clinical Practice Calls for an Indaba Guided by African Values-Based Practice
Authors: Van Staden Werdie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter applies African value-based practice (A-VBP) to the story of Akanya at two major decision points when values clashed: first between the general practitioner and Akanya’s parents when Akanya was acutely psychotic and required hospitalisation and second 8 years later, when Akanya wanted to discontinue his antipsychotic medication against medical advice. For both rather difficult decision points, the story illustrates how an indaba within A-VBP served as a practical process to take seriously and account for values that were clashing (i.e., uncommon ground), framed by values that were shared (i.e., common ground). The story underscores that dissensual decision-making affords more than default responses such as “I offer only what is medically best—take it or leave it” or alternatively “whatever the patient wants.”
Recovery and Cultural Values: On Our Own Terms (A Dialogue)
Authors: Keen Justine , Shaw Richard J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe chapter is about recovery in the sense of achieving a good quality of life as defined by what is important to (i.e. the values of) those concerned rather than by professional and service delivery priorities (Allott, P., What is mental health, illness and recovery, Ch 1. In: Ryan T, Pritchard J (eds) Good practice in adult mental health. Good practice series 10. Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London, 2004; Slade M., et al., World Psychiatry 13:12–20, 2014). The narrative is in the form of a dialogue between two people, both with extensive experience of severe long-term mental health issues. Unscripted and unedited the dialogue captures both the challenges and resources for recovery arising from the different cultures in which the authors have found themselves. Their experiences reinforce the well-established but too often unheeded conclusion that key drivers of recovery are factors such as companionship, having somewhere to live, and control over what happens to you (including what if any medication may be helpful).
A Cross-Cultural Values-Based Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dissociative (Conversion) Disorders
Authors: Todeva-Radneva Anna , Beshkov Asen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis case report presents the story of a young woman of Romani descent with a mixed dissociative (conversion) disorder within the contextual evidence-based and value-based medical framework. By painting the picture illustrating the course of her illness and the circumstances leading to the last clinical episode, compelling her most recent hospitalization, we delineate the contrast between common clinical phenomenology and the additional layers of the patient’s beliefs and values. Thus, we emphasize the importance of expanding the one-dimensional mainstream evidence-based approach, not only in cases of cross-cultural doctor-patient interactions but also in general medical practice, since the health attitudes and illness behaviors of every individual are influenced by their values and beliefs. In addition, the contemporary notion of medicine as a factual science requires a paradigm shift toward integrative multifaceted approaches if we as doctors are to treat human beings and not merely diseases.
Covert Treatment in a Cross-Cultural Setting
Authors: Pickering Neil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractValue-based medicine recognises the legitimacy of value differences. These may be associated with differences amongst individuals’ values or cultural differences. The latter arise in the case discussed here where the parents of a young man who hale from India discuss covert treatment with a psychiatrist (who is also from India). As the young man has decision-making capacity, and the case takes place in the UK, this is not a legal option. But it is possible that it might have been acceptable in India. However, transcultural analyses of cultural differences call attention to the internal variety of cultures, and this is explored in this case. It is suggested that judgements about capacity may contain judgements about whether a person’s choices are unacceptably harmful to them.
Training for Task: An Introduction to Part V, Training
Authors: Fulford Bill 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter introduces the contributions to Part V of the book, Training. Between them these contributions explore the implications for a culturally enriched form of values-based practice of training in each of its four key skills areas, awareness of values, knowledge of values, reasoning about values, and communication skills (especially for eliciting values and conflict resolution). As with other areas of values-based practice engagement with cultural values presents new challenges but also provides new resources for effective implementation.
Sexual Orientation Change Efforts and VBP
Authors: Knox Taryn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAccording to VBP, to determine whether an individual ought to be able to choose to have safe, effective and truly consensual sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE—also known as conversion therapy), the legitimate values—values compatible with mutual respect—of the individual involved and other affected parties need to be considered. Fulford suggests that homophobic values are incompatible with mutual respect, which suggests that SOCE should not be available. This chapter argues that certain homophobic values may be compatible with mutual respect. Hence, in certain circumstances, VBP could allow safe, effective and truly consensual SOCE to go ahead. This could be considered to be a weakness of VBP. However, VBP should be applauded for considering the values of all involved, including those who make choices for themselves that do not align with the dominant ideology of a society.
Beyond the Color Bar: Sharing Narratives in Order to Promote a Clearer Understanding of Mental Health Issues Across Cultural and Racial Boundaries
Authors: King Colin , Clarke Simon , Gillard Steven , Fulford Bill 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes through the narratives of those involved the contrasting experiences of one black and three white men who have worked together over a number of years on a series of academic and training projects. The shared aim of the group is to reach better understanding of each other’s perspectives (to get ‘beyond the colour bar’) thus gaining insights that could contribute to reducing the black-white inequalities that continue within mental health service provision. The extent of the differences between group members revealed by their respective narratives might suggest that they have failed in their shared aim. Held together however as they are by the premise of mutual respect underpinning values-based practice, the differences between them point instead to the importance of ‘whiteness’ as an implicit cultural frame driving racial inequalities in mental health. Challenging this frame and thus delivering more equal treatment will involve overcoming the challenge of pluralism at the heart of values-based practice.
Are Citizen Science “Socials” Multilingual? Lessons in (Non)translation from Zooniverse
Authors: Desjardins Renée 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFew studies outside Translation Studies examine the presence and role of translation in the social media landscape, particularly beyond the “big” players (e.g., Facebook; Twitter)—as if the exchange of content occurs seamlessly in these inherently multilingual and multicultural contexts. This study examines a distinct social platform (“Zooniverse”) that links academe and citizen scientists. The chapter examines how and to what effect translation is mobilized to produce and disseminate (scientific) knowledge on social platforms/social media. This research builds on previous work investigating the motivations of volunteer translators in citizen science, but it is distinct in its methodology: instead of examining volunteer motivations, the focus is on the presence (or lack thereof), as well as the role(s) and effect(s) of translation in relation to linguistic representation, knowledge production, and knowledge dissemination.
Swing surfaces and holographic entanglement beyond AdS/CFT
Authors: Apolo Luis , Jiang Hongliang , Song Wei , Zhong Yuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We propose a holographic entanglement entropy prescription for general states and regions in two models of holography beyond AdS/CFT known as flat3/BMSFT and (W)AdS3/WCFT. Flat3/BMSFT is a candidate of holography for asymptotically flat three- dimensional spacetimes, while (W)AdS3/WCFT is relevant in the study of black holes in the real world. In particular, the boundary theories are examples of quantum field theories that feature an infinite dimensional symmetry group but break Lorentz invariance. Our holographic entanglement entropy proposal is given by the area of a swing surface that consists of ropes, which are null geodesics emanating from the entangling surface at the boundary, and a bench, which is a spacelike geodesic connecting the ropes. The proposal is supported by an extension of the Lewkowycz-Maldacena argument, reproduces previous results based on the Rindler method, and satisfies the first law of entanglement entropy.
Global continuity and higher integrability of a minimizer of an obstacle problem under generalized Orlicz growth conditions
Authors: Karppinen Arttu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe prove continuity up to the boundary of the minimizer of an obstacle problem and higher integrability of its gradient under generalized Orlicz growth. The result recovers similar results obtained in the special cases of polynomial growth, variable exponent growth and produces new results for Orlicz and double phase growth.
$$\aleph _0$$-categoricity of semigroups II
Authors: Quinn-Gregson Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA countable semigroup is$$\aleph _0$$ℵ0-categorical if it can be characterised, up to isomorphism, by its first-order properties. In this paper we continue our investigation into the$$\aleph _0$$ℵ0-categoricity of semigroups. Our main results are a complete classification of$$\aleph _0$$ℵ0-categorical orthodox completely 0-simple semigroups, and descriptions of the$$\aleph _0$$ℵ0-categorical members of certain classes of strong semilattices of semigroups.
Optimal method for metabolic tumour volume assessment of cervical cancers with inter-observer agreement on [18F]-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography
Authors: Arshad Mubarik A. , Gitau Samuel , Tam Henry , Park Won-Ho E. , Patel Neva H. , Rockall Andrea , Aboagye Eric O. , Bharwani Nishat , Barwick Tara D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Cervical cancer metabolic tumour volume (MTV) derived from [18F]-FDG PET/CT has a role in prognostication and therapy planning. There is no standard method of outlining MTV on [18F]-FDG PET/CT. The aim of this study was to assess the optimal method to outline primary cervical tumours on [18F]-FDG PET/CT using MRI-derived tumour volumes as the reference standard.

Methods
81 consecutive cervical cancer patients with pre-treatment staging MRI and [18F]-FDG PET/CT imaging were included. MRI volumes were compared with different PET segmentation methods. Method 1 measured MTVs at different SUVmax thresholds ranging from 20 to 60% (MTV20-MTV60) with bladder masking and manual adjustment when required. Method 2 created an isocontour around the tumour prior to different SUVmax thresholds being applied. Method 3 used an automated gradient method. Inter-observer agreement of MTV, following manual adjustment when required, was recorded.

Results
For method 1, the MTV25 and MTV30 were closest to the MRI volumes for both readers (mean percentage change from MRI volume of 2.9% and 13.4% for MTV25 and − 13.1% and − 2.0% for MTV30 for readers 1 and 2). 70% of lesions required manual adjustment at MTV25 compared with 45% at MTV30. There was excellent inter-observer agreement between MTV30 to MTV60 (ICC ranged from 0.898–0.976 with narrow 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) and moderate agreement at lower thresholds (ICC estimates of 0.534 and 0.617, respectively for the MTV20 and MTV25 with wide 95% CIs). Bladder masking was performed in 86% of cases overall. For method 2, excellent correlation was demonstrated at MTV25 and MTV30 (mean % change from MRI volume of −3.9% and − 8.6% for MTV25 and − 16.9% and 19% for MTV30 for readers 1 and 2, respectively). This method also demonstrated excellent ICC across all thresholds with no manual adjustment. Method 3 demonstrated excellent ICC of 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.97) but had a mean percentage difference from the MRI volume of − 19.1 and − 18.2% for readers 1 and 2, respectively. 21% required manual adjustment for both readers.

Conclusion
MTV30 provides the optimal correlation with MRI volume taking into consideration the excellent inter-reader agreement and less requirement for manual adjustment.
Endotheliitis bei COVID-19
Authors: Varga Zsuzsanna 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungBei COVID-19-Infektion liegt eine systemische virale Reaktion gefolgt von einer entzündlichen Krankheitsphase vor. Die erste Phase verläuft meist mild/asymptomatisch. Nur ein Teil der Patienten entwickelt die entzündliche Phase mit hoher Mortalität. Patienten mit vorbestehenden kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen und kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren haben ein höheres Risiko, schwer an COVID-19 zu erkranken. COVID-19 betrifft nicht nur das Lungenparenchym durch die ACE2-Rezeptoren. COVID-19 betrifft nicht nur das Lungenparenchym durch die ACE2-Rezeptoren, sondern kann auch im Gesamtkörper eine generalisierte endotheliale Schädigung und Entzündung im Sinne einer sog. Endotheliitis zur Folge haben. Die Morphologie der Endotheliitis stellt eine Akkumulation von Lymphozyten, Plasmazellen und Makrophagen im und unterhalb der endothelialen Zellen dar. Eine Endotheliitis kann eine Vasokonstriktion mit konsekutiver Organischämie, Entzündung und Gewebeödem sowie thrombotische Mikrozirkulationsstörung zur Folge haben. Patienten mit vorbestehender kardiovaskulärer Dysfunktion (Hypertonus, Diabetes mellitus, Übergewicht und weitere kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen, männliches Geschlecht) haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für schwere Verläufe einer COVID-19-Infektion. Insbesondere endothelstabilisierende Ansätze kommen aus diesen Gründen zum Einsatz. Die Erkenntnisse wurden seit dem Pandemieausbruch mehrheitlich von Autopsien gewonnen.
Volcanic activity and gas emissions along the South Sandwich Arc
Authors: Liu Emma J. , Wood Kieran , Aiuppa Alessandro , Giudice Gaetano , Bitetto Marcello , Fischer Tobias P. , McCormick Kilbride Brendan T. , Plank Terry , Hart Tom 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe South Sandwich Volcanic Arc is one of the most remote and enigmatic arcs on Earth. Sporadic observations from rare cloud-free satellite images—and even rarer in situ reports—provide glimpses into a dynamic arc system characterised by persistent gas emissions and frequent eruptive activity. Our understanding of the state of volcanic activity along this arc is incomplete compared to arcs globally. To fill this gap, we present here detailed geological and volcanological observations made during an expedition to the South Sandwich Islands in January 2020. We report the first in situ measurements of gas chemistry, emission rate and carbon isotope composition from along the arc. We show that Mt. Michael on Saunders Island is a persistent source of gas emissions, releasing 145 ± 59 t day−1 SO2 in a plume characterised by a CO2/SO2 molar ratio of 1.8 ± 0.2. Combining this CO2/SO2 ratio with our independent SO2 emission rate measured near simultaneously, we derive a CO2 flux of 179 ± 76 t day−1. Outgassing from low temperature (90–100 °C) fumaroles is pervasive at the active centres of Candlemas and Bellingshausen, with measured gas compositions indicative of interaction between magmatic fluids and hydrothermal systems. Carbon isotope measurements of dilute plume and fumarole gases from along the arc indicate a magmatic δ13C of − 4.5 ± 2.0‰. Interpreted most simply, this result suggests a carbon source dominated by mantle-derived carbon. However, based on a carbon mass balance from sediment core ODP 701, we show that mixing between depleted upper mantle and a subduction component composed of sediment and altered crust is also permissible. We conclude that, although remote, the South Sandwich Volcanic Arc is an ideal tectonic setting in which to explore geochemical processes in a young, developing arc.
Temperatures and precipitation affect vegetation dynamics on Scandinavian extensive green roofs
Authors: Lönnqvist Joel , Hanslin Hans Martin , Johannessen Birgitte Gisvold , Muthanna Tone Merete , Viklander Maria , Blecken Godecke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStandard succulent vegetation mixes developed mostly in temperate climates are being increasingly used on green roofs in different climate zones with uncertain outcome regarding vegetation survival and cover. We investigated vegetation on green roofs at nine temperate, cold, and/or wet locations in Norway and Sweden covering wide ranges of latitude, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, frequencies of freeze-thaw cycles, and longest annual dry period. The vegetation on the roofs were surveyed in two consecutive years, and weather data were compiled from meteorological databases. At all sites we detected a significant decline in species compared to originally intended (planted/sown) species. Both the survival rate and cover of the intended vegetation were positively related to the mean annual temperature. Contrary to a hypothesis, we found that intended vegetation cover was negatively rather than positively related to mean annual precipitation. Conversely, the unintended (spontaneous) vegetation was favoured by high mean annual precipitation and low mean annual temperature, possibly by enabling it to colonize bare patches and outcompete the intended vegetation. When there is high mortality and variation in cover of the intended vegetation, predicting the strength of ecosystem services the vegetation provides on green roofs is difficult. The results highlight the needs for further investigation on species traits and the local factors driving extinction and colonizations in order to improve survivability and ensure a dense vegetation throughout the successional stages of a green roof.
Orthodontic incisor decompensation in orthognathic therapy—success and efficiency in three dimensions
Authors: Quast Anja , Santander Petra , Leding Johanna , Klenke Daniela , Moser Norman , Schliephake Henning , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Sufficient dental decompensation is crucial for treatment success in combined orthodontic-surgical treatment. The study’s objective was to determine the treatment success and efficiency in sagittal, vertical, and transversal decompensation.

Methods
This longitudinal, observational study enrolled 52 adult patients, who underwent orthodontic-surgical treatment. Incisor inclinations and positions as well as skeletal changes were assessed pre-treatment (T1), pre-surgical (T2), and post-surgical (T3) by lateral cephalograms and CBCT scans.

Results
Incisor decompensation was insufficient in all three dimensions. Sagittal: treatment efficiency did not differ between class II and III patients. Vertical: patients with open bite demonstrated pre-surgical bite deepening and insufficient surgical reduction of the maxillomandibular plane angle. Transversal: Dental midline deviations were not adapted to the skeletal asymmetry so that menton deviations were not properly corrected.

Conclusions
Incisor decompensation was not as successful as requested in all three dimensions and the treatment ideal was seldom achieved.

Clinical relevance
To improve the skeletal outcome, the orthodontist has to treat the patient with the desired surgical movements in mind and should critically evaluate the pre-surgical incisor decompensation before referral to the surgical team.