bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can biomass supply meet the demands of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)?
Authors: Jones Michael B. , Albanito Fabrizio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo reach the reduced carbon emission targets proposed by the Paris agreement, one of the widely proposed decarbonizing strategies, referred to as negative emissions technologies (NETs), is the production and combustion of bioenergy crops in conjunction with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). However, concerns have been increasingly raised that relying on the potential of BECCS to achieve negative emissions could result in delayed reductions in gross CO2 emissions, with consequent high risk of overshooting global temperature targets. We focus on two particular issues: the carbon efficiency and payback time of bioenergy use in BECCS and the potential constraints on the supply of bioenergy. The simplistic vision of BECCS is that 1 tonne of CO2 captured in the growth of biomass equates to 1 tonne of CO2 sequestered geologically, but this cannot be the case as CO2 is emitted by variable amounts during the lifecycle from crop establishment to sequestration below ground in geological formations. The deployment of BECCS is ultimately reliant on the availability of sufficient, sustainably sourced, biomass. The two most important factors determining this supply are land availability and land productivity. The upper bounds of the area estimates required correspond to more than the world's harvested land for cereal production. To achieve these estimates of biomass availability requires the rapid evolution of a multitude of technological, social, political and economic factors. Here, we question whether, because of the limited sustainable supply of biomass, BECCS should continue to be considered the dominant NET in IPCC and other scenarios achieving the Paris targets, or should it be deemed no longer fit for purpose?
Raising awareness of transformative ecosocial work: Participatory action research with Australian practitioners
Authors: Boetto Heather , Bowles Wendy , Närhi Kati , Powers Meredith 
Published: July 2020

This article reports on Participatory Action Research with social work practitioners who collaboratively explored the effects on professional practice when practitioners raise their awareness of an ecosocial work approach. Although contemporary research in the profession has contributed to the ongoing development of ecosocial work, there is a notable lack of collaboration with social work practitioners. Using a transformative ecosocial work model of practice, researchers together with social workers from a range of practice contexts met as co‐inquirers to plan, implement and evaluate ecosocial work interventions. As part of a larger international study, this article reports on research outcomes within the Australian context. Overall, results indicate that practitioners incorporated interventions across personal, individual, group and organisational levels of practice, but were constrained by structural elements at broader levels. Continuing the development of ecosocial work requires further collaborative exploration with practitioners, which takes into consideration communities and broader social and political systems.Key Practitioner Messages: • This research endeavours to contribute to the evidence‐base for progressing transformative ecosocial work in professional practice; • Using Participatory Action Research (PAR), this research was done in collaboration with social work practitioners as co‐inquirers to develop ecosocial work interventions; • A range of ecosocial work interventions were implemented at the personal, individual, group and organisational levels.
Searching for Stability: Onward Migration and Pathways of Precarious Incorporation in and Out of Spain
Authors: Ramos Cristina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on multiple migrations by using qualitative data to address two questions. First, why do some migrants engage in multiple moves that may include returns or re‐migrations? Second, how do migrants frame these multiple migrations? The paper focuses on the paths of Colombians and Ecuadorians in Spain as they reacted to the 2008 economic crisis, which severely affected their employment options. The crisis started a new migratory cycle in Spain, with significant numbers of migrants who returned to countries of origin or migrated onward. This paper argues that precarious incorporations leave migrants susceptible to economic shocks and push many to move again. New migrations are often a constant search for stability that is marked by precarity and mediated by economic resources, gendered expectations and generational attachments.
A novel green‐emitting luminescent materials with broad‐band emission for high‐quality warm white LED indoor lighting
Authors: Chen Hang , Wang Yuhua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFollowing the rapid growth of lighting technology, and in order to satisfy the higher requirement of people for lighting, the high‐quality warm white lighting for indoors has stolen much limelight of researchers. Herein, a novel green phosphor Ce3+‐doped Ca2GdHf2(AlO4)3with garnet structure which can be used for warm white LED was developed by solid‐state method. Under 410 nm light excitation, the phosphor exhibits broad emission spectrum from 450 to 700 nm with FWHM more than 120 nm, and it also owns high internal quantum efficiency of 83.6%. The energy transfer among the activators was identified according to the concentration quenching and decrease of decay time, which belongs to dipole‐dipole interaction. The calculated activation energy is about 0.255 eV, indicating the moderate thermal stability. The fabricated white LED device with low CCT (3807 K) and high CRI (Ra = 89.2) demonstrates its superiority and possibility of practical application in high‐quality warm white LED fields for indoor lighting fields.
Construct validity of the Actiwatch‐2 for assessing movement in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: van Alphen Helena J. M. , Waninge Aly , Minnaert Alexander E. M. G. , Post Wendy J. , van der Putten Annette A. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundValid measures to assess either small or assisted performed movements of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) are required. We analysed the construct validity of the Actiwatch‐2 to assess movement in people with PIMD.MethodTwenty‐two persons with PIMD were video recorded while wearing an Actiwatch‐2. We used 15s‐partial‐interval recording to record upper body movement, body position and activity situation. Multilevel analyses were used to evaluate if the Actiwatch‐2, based on produced counts, could detect changes in these factors.ResultsThe presence versus absence of upper body movement and an activity situation in which participants were involved versus not involved resulted in significantly higher counts, with a large variety in predicted counts between participants. No relationship between body position and counts was found.ConclusionsThe Actiwatch‐2 seems able to assess obvious upper body movement in people with PIMD, and whether there is involvement in an activity situation.
Bank accounting conservatism and bank loan quality
Authors: Ha Joohyung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study examines the effect of conditional conservatism in loan loss accounting—recognizing bad news in a timely fashion and deferring the recognition of gains—on a bank's own monitoring effort as reflected in its loan portfolio quality using a sample of publicly traded bank holding companies in the United States over the period 1994–2015. Sample banks adopting conservative loan loss accounting practices have lower nonperforming loans (NPLs) and lower net charge‐offs (NCOs), consistent with conservatism enhancing monitoring over lending decisions by improving financial transparency. The paper further finds that the effect of conservatism on loan quality is more pronounced for banks with high ex ante information asymmetry or distress risk and during low and high lending growth cycles, when loan quality is likely to deteriorate. Collectively, the findings suggest that conservative reporting reduces banks’ risk‐taking in lending. These findings should be of interest to regulators and policymakers who debate how to incentivize banks to use the discretion inherent in their loan loss provisioning in ways that are more informative and less opportunistic.
Follicle‐stimulating hormone impairs dental pulp stem cells odontogenic differentiation
Authors: Qian Hua , Guan Xiaoyue 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn addition to bone, the dentin‐pulp complex is also influenced by menopause, showing a decreased regenerative capacity. High levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) during menopause could directly regulate bone metabolism. Here, the role of FSH in the odontogenic differentiation of the dentin‐pulp complex was investigated. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were isolated. CCK‐8 assays, cell apoptosis assays, Western blotting (WB), real‐time RT‐PCR, alkaline phosphatase activity assays, and Alizarin Red S staining were used to clarify the effects of FSH on the proliferation, apoptosis and odontogenic differentiation of the DPSCs. MAPK pathway‐related factors were explored by WB assays. FSH and its inhibitor were used in OVX rats combined with a direct pulp‐capping model. HE and immunohistochemistry were used to detect reparative dentin formation and related features. The results indicated that FSH significantly decreased the odontogenic differentiation of the DPSCs without affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, FSH significantly activated the JNK signalling pathway, and JNK inhibitor partly rescued the inhibitory effect of FSH on DPSC differentiation. In vivo, FSH treatment attenuated the dentin bridge formation and mineralization‐related protein expression in the OVX rats. Our findings indicated that FSH reduced the odontogenic capacity of the DPSCs and was involved in reparative dentinogenesis during menopause.
RhoA/ROCK pathway mediates the effect of oestrogen on regulating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and proliferation in endometriosis
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Xiong , Mao Xiao‐Mei , Wu Rong‐Feng , Huang Shao‐Min , Ding Xin‐Yu , Chen Qiong‐Hua , Chen Qing‐Xi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEndometriosis is a benign gynaecological disease appearing with pelvic pain, rising dysmenorrhoea and infertility seriously impacting on 10% of reproductive‐age females. This research attempts to demonstrate the function and molecular mechanism of RhoA/ROCK pathway on epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation in endometriosis. The expression of Rho family was abnormally changed in endometriotic lesions; in particular, RhoA and ROCK1/2 were significantly elevated. Overexpression of RhoA in human eutopic endometrial epithelial cells (eutopic EECs) enhanced the cell mobility, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation, and RhoA knockdown exhibited the opposite function. Oestrogen up‐regulated the RhoA activity and expression of RhoA and ROCK1/2. RhoA overexpression reinforced the effect of oestrogen on promoting EMT and proliferation, and RhoA knockdown impaired the effect of oestrogen. oestrogen receptor α (ERα) was involved with the regulation of oestrogen on EMT and proliferation and up‐regulated RhoA activity and expression of RhoA and ROCK1/2. The function of ERα was modulated by the change in RhoA expression. Furthermore, phosphorylated ERK that was enhanced by oestrogen and ERα promoted the protein expression of RhoA/ROCK pathway. Endometriosis mouse model revealed that oestrogen enhanced the size and weight of endometriotic lesions. The expression of RhoA and phosphorylated ERK in mouse endometriotic lesions was significantly elevated by oestrogen. We conclude that abnormal activated RhoA/ROCK pathway in endometriosis is responsible for the function of oestrogen/ERα/ERK signalling, which promoted EMT and proliferation and resulted in the development of endometriosis.
Exploring dietary changes in an interdisciplinary intervention trial: Application of a dietary guidelines food composition database
Authors: Zoszak K. , Neale E. , Tapsell L. , Probst Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundConsumption of food groups aligning with dietary guidelines is advised for obesity management and was used in a recent lifestyle intervention trial, the Health Track study. We have conducted a number of dietary pattern analyses on this trial but, with recent access to the new Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) food composition database, we can now assess ADG adherence, with the advantage of categorising mixed dishes. The present study aimed to compare changes over time in consumption of ADG food groups.MethodsSecondary analysis of baseline and three‐month diet history data was conducted. Participants received individualised dietary advice (I), individualised dietary advice plus 30 g of walnuts per day (IW) or usual care (C). The ADG database was used to determine food group servings with changes in five food groups used as a measure of dietary quality.ResultsFruit and vegetable intakes increased in the IW (+0.4 and +1.1 serves, P < 0.05) and I (+0.5 and +0.4 serves, P > 0.05) arms. Consumption of meat/protein foods increased in the IW arm (+0.3 serves, P > 0.05) but decreased in the I and C arms (both − 0.4 serves, P < 0.05). Consumption of grains and milk/alternatives decreased in all study arms (P < 0.05). Greater improvements in grain and dairy food quality were observed in the intervention arms.ConclusionsThe ADG database enabled ADG specific food group analysis, addressed food quality and showed the HealthTrack intervention increased adherence to dietary guidelines compared to usual care.
Epidermal restriction confers robustness to organ shapes
Authors: Zhou Lüwen , Du Fei , Feng Shiliang , Hu Jinrong , Lü Shouqin , Long Mian , Jiao Yuling 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe shape of comparable tissues and organs is consistent among individuals of a given species, but how this consistency or robustness is achieved remains an open question. The interaction between morphogenetic factors determines organ formation and subsequent shaping, which is ultimately a mechanical process. Using a computational approach, we show that the epidermal layer is essential for the robustness of organ geometry control. Specifically, proper epidermal restriction allows organ asymmetry maintenance, and the tensile epidermal layer is sufficient to suppress local variability in growth, leading to shape robustness. The model explains the enhanced organ shape variations in epidermal mutant plants. In addition, differences in the patterns of epidermal restriction may underlie the initial establishment of organ asymmetry. Our results show that epidermal restriction can answer the longstanding question of how cellular growth noise is averaged to produce precise organ shapes, and the findings also shed light on organ asymmetry establishment.
An Evaluation of Mechanisms of Change in Multisystemic Therapy for Juvenile Justice‐Involved Youths A Decade Following Treatment
Authors: Sheerin Kaitlin M. , Borduin Charles M. , Brown Cynthia E. , Letourneau Elizabeth J. 
Published: July 2020

Although researchers have identified the more immediate mechanisms of change in family‐based treatments for juvenile justice‐involved youths, it is not known whether these same mechanisms continue to prevent criminal offending into adulthood. The present study evaluated whether caregiver‐directed improvements in family relations, youth prosocial peer relations, and youth academic performance during multisystemic therapy (MST) for serious and violent juvenile offenders had an impact on young adult involvement in criminal activity and sentencing 10.2 years following treatment. The results showed that improvements in family relations were associated with reduced odds of criminal outcomes a decade later for former MST participants. Furthermore, improvements in youth prosocial peer relations and academic performance were also related to lower odds of long‐term criminal activity. These results are consistent with the underlying theory of change in family‐based treatments and demonstrate that caregivers are critical to achieving and sustaining decreased antisocial behavior for youths with serious and violent criminal histories.
Dexamethasone combined metronidazole on mammary duct ectasia and its relationship with serum IL‐10 and IL‐17
Authors: Tong Yuwen , Hao Yuandong , Gao Xiangyu , Sun Yanshen , Wang Wentao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the effect of dexamethasone combined with metronidazole in the treatment of mammary duct ectasia (MDE) and its relationship with changes in serum interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and IL‐17 expression.MethodsOne hundred and twenty patients with MDE were divided into two groups randomly, control and observation groups (each n = 60). Another 50 patients with normal physical examination were recruited in the normal group. The expressions of serum IL‐10 and IL‐17 in three groups before and after treatment were observed. The prediction value of IL‐10 and IL‐17 in clinical efficacy was evaluated.ResultsAmong three groups, the expression of IL‐10 in the normal group was the highest (P < 0.001), but the expression of IL‐17 was the lowest (P < 0.001). After treatment, the expression of IL‐17 in observation group was lower (P < 0.001), the expression of IL‐10 was higher (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. The areas under the IL‐10 and IL‐17 curve were 0.874 and 0.806, respectively.ConclusionsDexamethasone combined with metronidazole can effectively improve the clinical efficacy of MDE patient treatment and serum IL‐10 and IL‐17 can be used as potential predictors of treatment efficacy.
Longitudinal Associations Between Adult Relations with Intimate Partners and Siblings
Authors: Johnson Matthew D. , Hank Karsten , Yurkiw Jennifer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveDrawing on a relational developmental systems approach, this brief report examines spillover and compensation processes in self‐disclosure and conflict in adult relations with intimate partners and siblings.BackgroundAlthough some studies have examined links between sibling and partner relationships during adolescence, no research has examined the link between dynamics with siblings and intimate partners in adulthood.MethodThis study draws on longitudinal survey data from 1,709 individuals participating in the German Family Panel (pairfam) study and latent change score modeling to answer the research questions.ResultsSeveral associations supported the spillover hypothesis: those with more self‐disclosure or conflict with their partner also tended to report more self‐disclosure or conflict with their sibling at baseline and those who experienced intraindividual reductions in self‐disclosure and conflict in one relationship over time also experienced concurrent intraindividual reductions in self‐disclosure and conflict in the other relationship. Those with higher initial levels of conflict with their partner also experienced a more gradual decrease in sibling conflicts across time. Two findings provided evidence of compensatory processes: those who reported more frequent conflicts with their partner at baseline also reported higher concurrent self‐disclosure with their sibling and those experiencing increased conflict with a partner experienced steeper declines in future sibling conflict.ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of considering spillover and compensation in adult relationships with siblings and intimate partners.
Effects of the cucumber mosaic virus 2a protein on aphid–plant interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Rhee Sun‐Ju , Watt Lewis G. , Bravo Ana Cazar , Murphy Alex M. , Carr John P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2a RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase protein has an additional function in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is to stimulate feeding deterrence (antixenosis) against aphids. Antixenosis is thought to increase the probability that aphids, after acquiring CMV particles from brief probes of an infected plant's epidermal cells, will be discouraged from settling and instead will spread inoculum to neighbouring plants. The amino acid sequences of 2a proteins encoded by a CMV strain that induces antixenosis in A. thaliana (Fny‐CMV) and one that does not (LS‐CMV) were compared to identify residues that might determine the triggering of antixenosis. These data were used to design reassortant viruses comprising Fny‐CMV RNAs 1 and 3, and recombinant CMV RNA 2 molecules encoding chimeric 2a proteins containing sequences derived from LS‐CMV and Fny‐CMV. Antixenosis induction was detected by measuring the mean relative growth rate and fecundity of aphids (Myzus persicae) confined on infected and on mock‐inoculated plants. An amino acid sequence determining antixenosis induction by CMV was found to reside between 2a protein residues 200 and 300. Subsequent mutant analysis delineated this to residue 237. We conjecture that the Fny‐CMV 2a protein valine‐237 plays some role in 2a protein‐induced antixenosis.
Indian Trichophyton mentagrophytes squalene epoxidase erg1 double mutants show high proportion of combined fluconazole and terbinafine resistance
Authors: Burmester Anke , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Uhrlaß Silke , Nenoff Pietro , Singal Archana , Verma Shyam B. , Elsner Peter , Wiegand Cornelia 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe Indian ITS genotype VIII Trichophyton mentagrophytes population shows a high amount of different erg1 (ergosterol) mutants encoding for squalene epoxidase, which catalyses the first step of ergosterol biosynthesis.ObjectivesIllumination of the implication of point mutations at position Ala448Thr in single and double erg1 T mentagrophytes mutants because mutants of this type were abundantly found within the Indian fungal population.MethodsGrowth in fluconazole or terbinafine containing medium was analysed using a microplate‐laser‐nephelometry (MLN)‐based growth assay.ResultsAla 448 Thr erg1 single mutants were terbinafine sensitive, but about 50% of isolates showed an increased fluconazole resistance, whereas 95% of the double mutants (Phe 397 Leu, Ala 448Thr) demonstrated combined terbinafine and increased fluconazole resistance.ConclusionThe new Indian T mentagrophytes populations show several point mutations in erg1. Point mutations at position 397 were previously described and cause terbinafine resistance. A large part of the double mutants exhibit resistance to terbinafine and fluconazole, demonstrating a selective advantage of the combination of both mutations.