bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontitis and diabetes reshape neuronal dendritic arborization in the thalamus and nucleus oralis in the rat
Authors: Flores‐Tochihuitl Julia , Márquez Villegas Beatriz , Peral Lemus Anahí Catalina , Andraca Hernández Cristian Jesús , Flores Gonzalo , Morales‐Medina Julio César 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDiabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting in long‐term hyperglycemia that could induce oxidative stress as well as neural modifications in the central nervous system. Periodontal disease is highly comorbid with diabetes and in some cases, with exacerbated pain responses. Periodontal tissue is innervated by trigeminal afferents which extend to the nucleus oralis (NO) that sends input to the ventral posterior lateral thalamic nuclei (VPL). The present study aimed to evaluate the consequences of periodontitis, diabetes and both conditions on the dendritic morphology, spine type, and density in neurons of the NO and VPL in male and female rats. A quantitative neuromorphological analysis was performed using the Cox‐Golgi staining in male and female rats in four groups: naïve control, after a periodontitis procedure, diabetic, and diabetic with periodontitis. Periodontitis decreased the total dendritic length (TDL) in the NO of the male rat but no change in the female rat and no neuronal alterations were observed in the VPL of both male and female rats. In contrast, diabetes increased the number of spines in the NO and VPL and decreased TDL in the NO in both male and female rats. We observed that periodontitis induced a dimorphic effect in the NO, whereas diabetes induced a strong neuromorphological effect regardless of sex. Moreover, while periodontitis had a limited effect on the neuronal morphology, it dramatically modified the neural consequences in the VPL and NO when comorbid with diabetes. In conclusion, these neuroplastic modifications may be relevant to understand how diabetes exacerbates the outcome of periodontitis in humans, particularly in the female population.
Proton‐Gradient‐Driven Self‐Assembly of Porphyrin and In Situ Dynamic Analysis in a Microflow Platform
Authors: Kanzaki Chisako , Inagawa Arinori , Fukuhara Gaku , Okada Tetsuo , Numata Munenori 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by group of Dr. Munenori Numata at the Kyoto Prefectural University (Japan). The image shows that the dynamics of supramolecular polymerization can be visualized in a space‐resolved manner along a microflow channel, similar to a snapshot taken of the assembly dynamics. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/syst.202000006.
Notes on the generic nameGraecobolanthus(Caryophylleae, Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Zografidis Aris , Fragman‐Sapir Ori , Strid Arne , Dimopoulos Panayotis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGraecobolanthuswas proposed in 2018 as a new generic name for the Greek species of the genusBolanthus, the latter genus comprising the remaining species from Anatolia and the Levant according to the revising authors. However, the type of the two generic names, i.e.,Graecobolanthus graecusfrom Greece andBolanthus hirsutusfrom the Levant, undoubtedly belong to the same genus based on morphological and genetic similarity. Importantly,B. hirsutuswas not included in the molecular analysis by the revising authors. In summary, we note that (i)Graecobolanthusis taxonomically superfluous andBolanthusis the correct generic name of the Greek‐endemic species; (ii) an extendedPhrynellaand/or a new generic name might accommodate the Turkish taxa currently underBolanthus, which were located on a distinct phylogenetic branch in the study by the revising authors.
“The Old White Lady of Kew Gardens”, Hechtia argentea (Bromeliaceae: Hechtioideae), found her homeland in Mexico
Authors: Ramírez‐Morillo Ivón M. , Hornung‐Leoni Claudia T. , González Ledesma Manuel , Romero‐Soler Katya J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHechtia argentea was described from a cultivated pistillate plant of unknown origin. The type specimen consists of a leaf fragment and a portion of a pistillate inflorescence. Hechtia argentea is part of a group of species with rosettes that bloom laterally, showing variation in dimensions and structure of the inflorescences of both sexes through the different years of flowering. Delimitation of species becomes more complicated where staminate and/or pistillate plants of different species are frequently similar, making it essential to have all plant structures available for accurate identifications. We designate an epitype for Hechtia argentea, consisting of a staminate plant, allowing for the unambiguous identification of the species. Species in Hechtia have restricted geographical distributions; thus, we provide precise locality data for H. argentea within Megamexico based on herbarium specimens. The species is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental and Mexican Plateau biogeographical regions, in the Mexican States of Hidalgo and Querétaro. In addition, we include for the first time a complete morphological description of both morphs, line drawings and photos of the species in situ, as well as a map showing the known distribution. Finally, we present an evaluation of the risk of extinction following the IUCN criteria.
Quantitative trait loci‐based genomics‐assisted prediction for the degree of apple fruit cover color
Authors: Zheng Wenyan , Shen Fei , Wang Wuqian , Wu Bei , Wang Xuan , Xiao Chen , Tian Zhendong , Yang Xianglong , Yang Jing , Wang Yi , Wu Ting , Xu Xuefeng , Han Zhenhai , Zhang Xinzhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractApple fruit cover color is an important appearance trait determining fruit quality, high degree of fruit cover color or completely red fruit skin is also the ultimate breeding goal. MdMYB1 has repeatedly been reported as a major gene controlling apple fruit cover color. There are also multiple minor‐effect genes affecting degree of fruit cover color (DFC). This study was to identify genome‐wide quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and to develop genomics‐assisted prediction for apple DFC. The DFC phenotype data of 9,422 hybrids from five full‐sib families of Malus asiatica ‘Zisai Pearl’, M. domestica ‘Red Fuji’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Jonathan’ were collected in 2014–2017. The phenotype varied considerably among hybrids with the same MdMYB1 genotype. Ten QTLs for DFC were identified using MapQTL and bulked segregant analysis via sequencing. From these QTLs, ten candidate genes were predicted, including MdMYB1 from a year‐stable QTL on chromosome 9 of ‘Zisai Pearl’ and ‘Red Fuji’. Then, kompetitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers were designed on these candidate genes and 821 randomly selected hybrids were genotyped. The genotype effects of the markers were estimated. MdMYB1‐1 (represented by marker H162) exhibited a partial dominant allelic effect on MdMYB1‐2 and showed non‐allelic epistasis on markers H1245 and G6. Finally, a non‐additive QTL‐based genomics assisted prediction model was established for DFC. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between the genomic predicted value and the observed phenotype value was 0.5690. These results can be beneficial for apple genomics‐assisted breeding and may provide insights for understanding the mechanism of fruit coloration.
Toward refining Alzheimer's disease into overlapping subgroups
Authors: Hascup Erin R. , Hascup Kevin N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive anterograde amnesia, cerebral atrophy, and eventual death. Current treatment has limited efficacy and cannot decelerate the disease progression. Clinical trials targeting the removal of the neuropathological hallmarks of AD, including accumulation of amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles, have failed to modify disease progression. Without new or innovative hypotheses, AD is poised to become a public health crisis within this decade. We present an alternative hypothesis—that AD is the result of multiple interrelated causalities. The intention of this manuscript is to initiate a discussion regarding these multiple causalities and their overlapping similarities. The idea of creating subgroups allows for better identification of biomarkers across a narrower patient population for improved pharmacotherapeutic opportunities. The interrelatedness of many of these proposed subgroups indicates the complexity of this disorder. However, it also supports that no one single factor may initiate the cascade of events.
Comparative performance of AI methods for wind power forecast in Portugal
Authors: Godinho Miguel , Castro Rui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBecause wind has a high volatility and the respective energy produced cannot be stored on a large scale because of excessive costs, it is of utmost importance to be able to forecast wind power generation with the highest accuracy possible. The aim of this paper is to compare 1‐h‐ahead wind power forecasts performance using artificial intelligence‐based methods, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and radial basis function network (RBFN). The latter was implemented using three different learning algorithms: stochastic gradient descent (SGD), hybrid, and orthogonal least squares (OLS). The application dataset is the injected wind power in the Portuguese power systems throughout the years 2010–2014. The network architecture optimization and the learning algorithms are presented. An initial data analysis showed data seasonality; therefore, the wind power forecasts were performed according to the seasons of the year. The results showed that ANFIS was the best performer method, and ANN and RBFN‐OLS also showed strong performances. RBFN‐Hybrid and RBFN‐SGD performed poorly. In general, all methods outperformed persistence.
Treatment of wood industry wastewater by combined coagulation–flocculation–decantation and fenton process
Authors: Azimi Seyyedeh Cobra , Shirini Farhad , Pendashteh Alireza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the present research, the efficiency of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction from the wood industry wastewater (WIW) by the use of a combined coagulation–flocculation–decantation (CFD) – Fenton process was studied. Firstly, the performance of three coagulants such as ferric chloride (FeCl3), aluminum sulphate (alum), and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was evaluated. The polyacrylamide (PAM) was used as a flocculant. The results showed that the polyaluminum chloride had a high removal efficiency. The COD reduction of 84.1% and turbidity removal of 82.0% of were obtained in coagulation–flocculation–decantation (CFD). Secondly, Fenton process was optimized, by the use of a response surface methodology (RSM), with application of a central composite design (CCD). The maximum turbidity and COD removal obtained by this process were 94.1% and 72.5% respectively, under optimal conditions ([Fe2+] = 250 mg/L, [H2O2] = 500 mg/L, pH 3.5, time 60 min). The kinetics of COD and turbidity removal were determined by the model of first order. In conclusion, the combination of coagulation–flocculation–decantation (CFD) – Fenton process presented as a remarkable method for wood wastewater treatment.Practitioner points

A combination of coagulation–flocculation–decantation and Fenton process was introduced for the wood industry wastewater treatment.

A designed experimental approach for treatment of wood industry wastewater using a Fenton process was studied.

The yields of COD, BOD5, N‐NO3, P‐PO4, and dye removal were obtained according to the standard limits in Iran.
Technical Universities: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Geschwind Lars , Broström Anders 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the historical development of technical institutes and universities from their foundation in the late eighteenth century to the present time. Our account, which is focused on European experiences, shows that technical universities are characterized by their historical relations to the industrial revolution, and since that time their strong linkages to industry (from initially local to increasingly global). The chapter also highlights some persistent tensions and dilemmas related in part to this historical legacy, including the introduction of and relation to research, the balance between theory and application, and the ‘congestion’ in engineering programmes. Development over the last decades revolves around the profiles and scientific scope of technical universities. Over time, new areas have been introduced, mirroring their technical development and in some countries—as a consequence of external drivers and strategic agendas—eye-catching reorganisations and new initiatives have increased the portfolio way beyond the classical engineering subjects.
Anhang
Authors: Seibert Simon P. , Auerswald Karl 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Anhang befinden sich Tabellen zur Wirksamkeit dezentraler Maßnahmen zur Abflussminderung und zu hydraulischen Eigenschaften unterschiedlicher Abflusstypen und Fließpfade. Der Anhang liefert alternative Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Scheitelabflusses (Verhältnisverfahren) und der Abflusshöhe (nach Lutz) und er beschreibt ergänzende Verfahren wie die Ableitung von Gebiets- und Bemessungsniederschlägen, die Bestimmung der Hydrologischen Bodengruppe, die Kartierung von Fließwegen im Gelände, hilfreiche Geodaten und Verfahren der Geodatenanalyse. Wegen der besonderen Bedeutung widmet sich ein Teil außerdem dem Wegebau und der Wasserführung.
Multiple point principle in the general Two-Higgs-Doublet model
Authors: Maniatis Markos , Sartore Lohan , Schienbein Ingo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Based on the Multiple Point Principle, the Higgs boson mass has been predicted to be 135 ± 9 GeV — more than two decades ago. We study the Multiple Point Principle and its prospects with respect to the Two-Higgs-Doublet model (THDM). Applying the bilinear formalism we show that concise conditions can be given with a classification of different kinds of realizations of this principle. We recover cases discussed in the literature but identify also different realizations of the Multiple Point Principle.
hPSC-derived organoids: models of human development and disease
Authors: Frum Tristan , Spence Jason R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOrganoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have emerged as important models for investigating human-specific aspects of development and disease. Here we discuss hPSC-derived organoids through the lens of development—highlighting how stages of human development align with the development of hPSC-derived organoids in the tissue culture dish. Using hPSC-derived lung and intestinal organoids as examples, we discuss the value and application of such systems for understanding human biology, as well as strategies for enhancing organoid complexity and maturity.
Differenzialdiagnose „Zustand nach Hijama“
Authors: Jühling M. , Mahlke N. S. , König L. M. , Ritz-Timme S. , Mayer F. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen von Begutachtungen zu möglichen Folgen von Folterhandlungen fiel mehrfach der Befund gleichartiger Gruppierungen von über den Rücken verteilten, strichförmigen Narben auf. Ein ähnlich imponierendes, frischeres Verletzungsbild wurde bei einem weiteren Fall festgestellt und konnte auf „Hijama“ (blutiges Schröpfen) zurückgeführt werden. Die dargestellten Fälle zeigen, wie wichtig die Kenntnis von durch alternative Behandlungsmethoden provozierten Befunden ist.
The effect of breaking up prolonged sitting on paired associative stimulation-induced plasticity
Authors: Bojsen-Møller E. , Ekblom M. M. , Tarassova O. , Dunstan D. W. , Ekblom O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPaired associative stimulation (PAS) can induce plasticity in the motor cortex, as measured by changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE). This effect is attenuated in older and less active individuals. Although a single bout of exercise enhances PAS-induced plasticity in young, physically inactive adults, it is not yet known if physical activity interventions affect PAS-induced neuroplasticity in middle-aged inactive individuals. Sixteen inactive middle-aged office workers participated in a randomized cross-over design investigating how CSE and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were affected by PAS preceded by 3 h of sitting (SIT), 3 h of sitting interrupted every 30 min by 3 min of frequent short bouts of physical activity (FPA) and 2.5 h of sitting followed by 25 min of moderate-intensity exercise (EXE). Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) of the dominant abductor pollicis brevis to induce recruitment curves before and 5 min and 30 min post-PAS. Linear mixed models were used to compare changes in CSE using time and condition as fixed effects and subjects as random effects. There was a main effect of time on CSE and planned within-condition comparisons showed that CSE was significantly increased from baseline to 5 min and 30 min post-PAS, in the FPA condition, with no significant changes in the SIT or EXE conditions. SICI decreased from baseline to 5 min post-PAS, but this was not related to changes in CSE. Our findings suggest that in middle-aged inactive adults, FPAs may promote corticospinal neuroplasticity. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Validation of automated Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) software for detection of early ischemic changes on non-contrast brain CT scans
Authors: Wolff Lennard , Berkhemer Olvert A. , van Es Adriaan C. G. M. , van Zwam Wim H. , Dippel Diederik W. J. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , van Walsum Theo , van der Lugt Aad ,   for the MR CLEAN Investigators
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeIn ASPECTS, 10 brain regions are scored visually for presence of acute ischemic stroke damage. We evaluated automated ASPECTS in comparison to expert readers.MethodsConsecutive, baseline non-contrast CT-scans (5-mm slice thickness) from the prospective MR CLEAN trial (n= 459, MR CLEAN Netherlands Trial Registry number: NTR1804) were evaluated. A two-observer consensus for ASPECTS regions (normal/abnormal) was used as reference standard for training and testing (0.2/0.8 division). Two other observers provided individual ASPECTS-region scores. The Automated ASPECTS software was applied. A region score specificity of ≥ 90% was used to determine the software threshold for detection of an affected region based on relative density difference between affected and contralateral region. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver-operating characteristic curves were calculated. Additionally, we assessed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for automated ASPECTS and observers in comparison to the reference standard in the test set.ResultsIn the training set (n= 104), with software thresholds for a specificity of ≥ 90%, we found a sensitivity of 33–49% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.741–0.785 for detection of an affected ASPECTS region. In the test set (n= 355), the results for the found software thresholds were 89–89% (specificity), 41–57% (sensitivity), and 0.750–0.795 (AUC). Comparison of automated ASPECTS with the reference standard resulted in an ICC of 0.526. Comparison of observers with the reference standard resulted in an ICC of 0.383–0.464.ConclusionThe performance of automated ASPECTS is comparable to expert readers and could support readers in the detection of early ischemic changes.
The Impact of Accidental Hypothermia on Mortality in Trauma Patients Overall and Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Specifically: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rösli David , Schnüriger Beat , Candinas Daniel , Haltmeier Tobias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccidental hypothermia is a known predictor for worse outcomes in trauma patients, but has not been comprehensively assessed in a meta‐analysis so far. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to investigate the impact of accidental hypothermia on mortality in trauma patients overall and patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) specifically.MethodsThis is a systematic review and meta‐analysis using the Ovid Medline/PubMed database. Scientific articles reporting accidental hypothermia and its impact on outcomes in trauma patients were included in qualitative synthesis. Studies that compared the effect of hypothermia vs. normothermia at hospital admission on in‐hospital mortality were included in two meta‐analyses on (1) trauma patients overall and (2) patients with TBI specifically. Meta‐analysis was performed using a Mantel–Haenszel random‐effects model.ResultsLiterature search revealed 264 articles. Of these, 14 studies published 1987–2018 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Seven studies qualified for meta‐analysis on trauma patients overall and three studies for meta‐analysis on patients with TBI specifically. Accidental hypothermia at admission was associated with significantly higher mortality both in trauma patients overall (OR 5.18 [95% CI 2.61–10.28]) and patients with TBI specifically (OR 2.38 [95% CI 1.53–3.69]).ConclusionsIn the current meta‐analysis, accidental hypothermia was strongly associated with higher in‐hospital mortality both in trauma patients overall and patients with TBI specifically. These findings underscore the importance of measures to avoid accidental hypothermia in the prehospital care of trauma patients.
Study of the Portal Branches Arising from the Cranial Part of the Umbilical Portion of the Left Portal Vein: Implications for Anatomic Right Hepatic Trisectionectomy
Authors: Minami Takayuki , Ebata Tomoki , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Igami Tsuyoshi , Mizuno Takashi , Yamaguchi Junpei , Onoe Shunsuke , Watanabe Nobuyuki , Nagino Masato 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn “anatomic” right hepatic trisectionectomy for advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, the left hepatic duct is divided at the left side of the umbilical portion (UP) of the left portal vein (LPV). For this reason, the left hepatic duct is completely detached from the UP after all division of the portal branches arising cranially from the UP. However, little is known about these thin portal branches.MethodsUsing 3D imaging processing software, we examined the portal branches arising cranially from the UP of the LPV in 100 patients who underwent multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT). Special attention was paid to the portal branch running to the left lateral sector, designated as the left cranio‐lateral branch.ResultsThe left cranio‐lateral portal branch number was 0 in 57 patients, 1 in 32 patients, and 2 in 11 patients. Thus, 54 left cranio‐lateral branches were identified, arising from near the cul‐de‐sac of the UP, from near the elbow of the LPV, or from the UP trunk. The median volume of the territory supplied by the left cranio‐lateral portal branch was 21 mL (range, 5–47 mL), and the median ratio to the left lateral sector was 11.8% (range, 1.7–25.0%).ConclusionApproximately 40% of patients had the left cranio‐lateral portal branches arising cranially from the UP and running to the left lateral sector. When planning anatomic right hepatic trisectionectomy, the presence or absence of this branch should be checked by using 3D imaging with MDCT.