bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioenergetic functions in subpopulations of heart mitochondria are preserved in a non-obese type 2 diabetes rat model (Goto-Kakizaki)
Authors: Lai N. , Kummitha C. M. , Loy F. , Isola R. , Hoppel C. L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA distinct bioenergetic impairment of heart mitochondrial subpopulations in diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with obesity; however, many type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with high-risk for cardiovascular disease are not obese. In the absence of obesity, it is unclear whether bioenergetic function in the subpopulations of mitochondria is affected in heart with T2DM. To address this issue, a rat model of non-obese T2DM was used to study heart mitochondrial energy metabolism, measuring bioenergetics and enzyme activities of the electron transport chain (ETC). Oxidative phosphorylation in the presence of substrates for ETC and ETC activities in both populations of heart mitochondria in T2DM rats were unchanged. Despite the preservation of mitochondrial function, aconitase activity in T2DM heart was reduced, suggesting oxidative stress in mitochondria. Our study indicate that metabolic function of heart mitochondria is unchanged in the face of oxidative stress and point to a critical role of obesity in T2DM cardiomyopathy.
Trends and Projections in Breast Cancer Mortality among four Asian countries (1990–2017): Evidence from five Stochastic Mortality Models
Authors: Mubarik Sumaira , Wang Fang , Fawad Muhammad , Wang Yafeng , Ahmad Ishfaq , Yu Chuanhua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe current study aimed to explore some important insights into the breast cancer mortality (BCM) trends and projections among four Asian countries by using five advanced stochastic mortality models. BCM data over 28 years from 1990–2017 with ages 20–84 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2017 for four Asian countries, namely, China, India, Pakistan, and Thailand. Five stochastic mortality models with the family of generalized age-period-cohort were implemented to find the present and future BCM trends in these four Asian countries. Based on Cairns-Blake-Dowd (CBD) model and Lee-Carter model (LCM), overall, results revealed that BCM increased with the passage of time. Aging factor was the most influential factor of elevated BCM in each Asian country under consideration. Projection of BCM showed that mortality rates might continue to grow with time, especially in older ages in each Asian country under study. The highest forecasted BCM rates were observed in Pakistan as compared to other countries. The obvious increase in BCM suggested that earlier tactics should be implemented to reduce the subsequent morbidity and mortality due to breast cancer. The last but not least, some additional tactics to mitigate the BCM in older ages must be adopted.
High-level Fusion Coupled with Mahalanobis Distance Weighted (MDW) Method for Multivariate Calibration
Authors: Li Qianqian , Wu Zhisheng , Lin Ling , Zeng Jingqi , Zhang Jixiong , Yan Hong , Min Shungeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNear infrared spectra (NIR) technology is a widespread detection method with high signal to noise ratio (SNR) while has poor modeling interpretation due to the overlapped features. Alternatively, mid-infrared spectra (MIR) technology demonstrates more chemical features and gives a better explanation of the model. Yet, it has the defects of low SNR. With the purpose of developing a model with plenty of characteristics as well as with higher SNR, NIR and MIR technologies are combined to perform high-level fusion strategy for quantitative analysis. A novel chemometrical method named as Mahalanobis distance weighted (MDW) is proposed to integrate NIR and MIR techniques comprehensively. Mahalanobis distance (MD) based on the principle of spectral similarity is obtained to calculate the weight of each sample. Specifically, the weight is assigned to the inverse ratio of the corresponding MD. Besides, the proposed MDW method is applied to NIR and MIR spectra of active ingredients in deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate formulations for quantitative analysis. As a consequence, the overall results show that the MDW method is promising with noticeable improvement of predictive performance than individual methods when executing high-level fusion for quantitative analysis.
Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Compounds in the Presence of Carbon
Hybrid Supported Platinum Nanoparticles (Pt@CHs) in Oxygen Atmosphere
Authors: Göksu Haydar , Burhan Hakan , Mustafov Sibel Demiroğlu , Şen Fatih 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel catalyst which carbon hybrid supported platinum nanoparticles
were synthesized by our group for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives. In
this study, this catalyst was utilized for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol
derivatives to benzaldehyde compounds in aqueous toluene at 80 °C. The benzaldehyde
derivatives were synthesized in high yields and mild conditions in the presence of
the catalyst by the developed method. Additionally, the prepared nanoparticles have
been characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), the high-resolution
electron micrograph (HR-TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray
Diffraction (XRD). The mean particle size of the nanoparticles determined by the XRD
technique was found to be 2.83 nm in parallel with TEM analysis. TEM analysis also
indicated that the Pt nanoparticles were evenly dispersed on the support material.
Finally, the Pt@CHs catalyst was shown also stable and reusable for the oxidation
reaction, providing ≤95% conversion after its 3rd consecutive use in the oxidation
reaction of various compounds.
The transcriptome of the newt Cynops orientalis provides new insights into evolution and function of sexual gene networks in sarcopterygians
Authors: Biscotti Maria Assunta , Carducci Federica , Barucca Marco , Gerdol Marco , Pallavicini Alberto , Schartl Manfred , Canapa Adriana , Adolfi Mateus Contar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmphibians evolved in the Devonian period about 400 Mya and represent a transition step in tetrapod evolution. Among amphibians, high-throughput sequencing data are very limited for Caudata, due to their largest genome sizes among terrestrial vertebrates. In this paper we present the transcriptome from the fire bellied newt Cynops orientalis. Data here presented display a high level of completeness, comparable to the fully sequenced genomes available from other amphibians. Moreover, this work focused on genes involved in gametogenesis and sexual development. Surprisingly, the gsdf gene was identified for the first time in a tetrapod species, so far known only from bony fish and basal sarcopterygians. Our analysis failed to isolate fgf24 and foxl3, supporting the possible loss of both genes in the common ancestor of Rhipidistians. In Cynops, the expression analysis of genes described to be sex-related in vertebrates singled out an expected functional role for some genes, while others displayed an unforeseen behavior, confirming the high variability of the sex-related pathway in vertebrates.
In vitro hepatic aflatoxicol production is related to a higher resistance to aflatoxin B1 in poultry
Authors: Murcia Hansen W. , Diaz Gonzalo J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA study was conducted to determine the cytosolic in vitro hepatic enzymatic kinetic parameters Vmax, KM, and intrinsic clearance (CLint) for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) reductase [aflatoxicol (AFL) production] and AFL dehydrogenase (AFB1 production) in four commercial poultry species (chicken, quail, turkey and duck). Large differences were found in AFB1 reductase activity, being the chicken the most efficient producer of AFL (highest CLint value). Oxidation of AFL to AFB1 showed only slight differences among the different poultry species. On average all species produced AFB1 from AFL at a similar rate, except for the turkey which produced AFB1 from AFL at a significantly lower rate than chickens and quail, but not ducks. Although the turkey and duck showed differences in AFL oxidation Vmax and KM parameters, their CLint values did not differ significantly. The ratio AFB1 reductase/AFL dehydrogenase enzyme activity was inversely related to the known in vivo sensitivity to AFB1 being highest for the chicken, lowest for the duck and intermediate for turkeys and quail. Since there is no evidence that AFL is a toxic metabolite of AFB1, these results suggest that AFL production is a detoxication reaction in poultry. Conversion of AFB1 to AFL prevents the formation of the AFB1-8,9-exo-epoxide which, upon conversion to AFB1-dihydrodiol, is considered to be the metabolite responsible for the acute toxic effects of AFB1.
Crystal structure of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus lipase complex with the anti-obesity drug orlistat
Authors: Kitadokoro Kengo , Tanaka Mutsumi , Hikima Takaaki , Okuno Yukiko , Yamamoto Masaki , Kamitani Shigeki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus lipase (SAL), a triacylglycerol esterase, is an important virulence factor and may be a therapeutic target for infectious diseases. Herein, we determined the 3D structure of native SAL, the mutated S116A inactive form, and the inhibitor complex using the anti-obesity drug orlistat to aid in drug development. The determined crystal structures showed a typical α/β hydrolase motif with a dimeric form. Fatty acids bound near the active site in native SAL and inactive S116A mutant structures. We found that orlistat potently inhibits SAL activity, and it covalently bound to the catalytic Ser116 residue. This is the first report detailing orlistat–lipase binding. It provides structure-based information on the production of potent anti-SAL drugs and lipase inhibitors. These results also indicated that orlistat can be repositioned to treat bacterial diseases.
Patterns of Rift Valley fever virus seropositivity in domestic ruminants in central South Africa four years after a large outbreak
Authors: Ngoshe Yusuf B. , Avenant Alida , Rostal Melinda K. , Karesh William B. , Paweska Janusz T. , Bagge Whitney , Jansen van Vuren Petrus , Kemp Alan , Cordel Claudia , Msimang Veerle , Thompson Peter N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis showing complex epidemiological patterns that are poorly understood in South Africa. Large outbreaks occur in the central interior at long, irregular intervals, most recently in 2010–2011; however, the level of herd immunity of ruminant livestock, a key determinant of outbreaks, is unknown. During 2015–2016 a cross-sectional study on 234 randomly-selected farms investigated the prevalence, patterns of, and factors associated with, antibodies to RVF virus (RVFV) in livestock in an area heavily affected by that outbreak. A RVFV inhibition ELISA was used to screen 977 cattle, 1,549 sheep and 523 goats and information on potential risk factors was collected using a comprehensive questionnaire. The estimated RVFV seroprevalence, adjusted for survey design, was 42.9% in cattle, 28.0% in sheep and 9.3% in goats, showing a high degree of farm-level clustering. Seroprevalence increased with age and was higher on private vs. communal land, on farms with seasonal pans (temporary, shallow wetlands) and perennial rivers and in recently vaccinated animals. Seropositivity amongst unvaccinated animals born after the last outbreak indicates likely viral circulation during the post-epidemic period. The current level of herd immunity in livestock may be insufficient to prevent another large outbreak, should suitable conditions recur.
Bofutsushosan improves gut barrier function with a bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila and improves glucose metabolism in mice with diet-induced obesity
Authors: Fujisaka Shiho , Usui Isao , Nawaz Allah , Igarashi Yoshiko , Okabe Keisuke , Furusawa Yukihiro , Watanabe Shiro , Yamamoto Seiji , Sasahara Masakiyo , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Nagai Yoshinori , Yagi Kunimasa , Nakagawa Takashi , Tobe Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObesity and insulin resistance are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and impaired intestinal barrier function. Herein, we report that Bofutsushosan (BFT), a Japanese herbal medicine, Kampo, which has been clinically used for constipation in Asian countries, ameliorates glucose metabolism in mice with diet–induced obesity. A 16S rRNA sequence analysis of fecal samples showed that BFT dramatically increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia, which was mainly associated with a bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK). BFT decreased the gut permeability as assessed by FITC-dextran gavage assay, associated with increased expression of tight-junction related protein, claudin-1, in the colon. The BFT treatment group also showed significant decreases of the plasma endotoxin level and expression of the hepatic lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Antibiotic treatment abrogated the metabolic effects of BFT. Moreover, many of these changes could be reproduced when the cecal contents of BFT-treated donors were transferred to antibiotic-pretreated high fat diet-fed mice. These data demonstrate that BFT modifies the gut microbiota with an increase in AKK, which may contribute to improving gut barrier function and preventing metabolic endotoxemia, leading to attenuation of diet-induced inflammation and glucose intolerance. Understanding the interaction between a medicine and the gut microbiota may provide insights into new pharmacological targets to improve glucose metabolism.
Temporal Signal-to-Noise Changes in Combined Multislice- and In-Plane-Accelerated Echo-Planar Imaging with a 20- and 64-Channel Coil
Authors: Seidel Philipp , Levine Seth M. , Tahedl Marlene , Schwarzbach Jens V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEcho-planar imaging (EPI) is the most common method of functional MRI for acquiring the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast, allowing the acquisition of an entire brain volume within seconds. However, because imaging protocols are limited by hardware (e.g., fast gradient switching), researchers must compromise between spatial resolution, temporal resolution, or whole-brain coverage. Earlier attempts to circumvent this problem included developing protocols in which slices of a volume were acquired faster (i.e., in-plane acceleration (S)) or simultaneously (i.e., multislice acceleration (M)). However, applying acceleration methods can lead to a reduction in the temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR): a critical measure of signal stability over time. Using a 20- and 64-channel receiver coil, we show that enabling S-acceleration consistently yielded a substantial decrease in tSNR, regardless of the receiver coil, whereas M-acceleration yielded less pronounced tSNR decrease. Moreover, tSNR losses tended to occur in temporal, insular, and medial brain regions and were more noticeable with the 20-channel coil, while with the 64-channel coil, the tSNR in lateral frontoparietal regions remained relatively stable up to six-fold M-acceleration producing comparable tSNR to that of no acceleration. Such methodological explorations can guide researchers and clinicians in optimizing imaging protocols depending on the brain regions under investigation.
Designing vegetation barriers for urban air pollution abatement: a practical review for appropriate plant species selection
Authors: Barwise Yendle , Kumar Prashant 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVegetation can form a barrier between traffic emissions and adjacent areas, but the optimal configuration and plant composition of such green infrastructure (GI) are currently unclear. We examined the literature on aspects of GI that influence ambient air quality, with a particular focus on vegetation barriers in open-road environments. Findings were critically evaluated in order to identify principles for effective barrier design, and recommendations regarding plant selection were established with reference to relevant spatial scales. As an initial investigation into viable species for UK urban GI, we compiled data on 12 influential traits for 61 tree species, and created a supplementary plant selection framework. We found that if the scale of the intervention, the context and conditions of the site and the target air pollutant type are appreciated, the selection of plants that exhibit certain biophysical traits can enhance air pollution mitigation. For super-micrometre particles, advantageous leaf micromorphological traits include the presence of trichomes and ridges or grooves. Stomatal characteristics are more significant for sub-micrometre particle and gaseous pollutant uptake, although we found a comparative dearth of studies into such pollutants. Generally advantageous macromorphological traits include small leaf size and high leaf complexity, but optimal vegetation height, form and density depend on planting configuration with respect to the immediate physical environment. Biogenic volatile organic compound and pollen emissions can be minimised by appropriate species selection, although their significance varies with scale and context. While this review assembled evidence-based recommendations for practitioners, several important areas for future research were identified.
Digital phenotyping, behavioral sensing, or personal sensing: names and transparency in the digital age
Authors: Mohr David C. , Shilton Katie , Hotopf Matthew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractData from networked sensors, such as those in our phones, are increasingly being explored and used to identify behaviors related to health and mental health. While computer scientists have referred to this field as context sensing, personal sensing, or mobile sensing, medicine has more recently adopted the term digital phenotyping. This paper discusses the implications of these labels in light of privacy concerns, arguing language that is transparent and meaningful to the people whose data we are acquiring.
The Na,K-ATPase acts upstream of phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2 facilitating unconventional secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
Authors: Legrand Cyril , Saleppico Roberto , Sticht Jana , Lolicato Fabio , Müller Hans-Michael , Wegehingel Sabine , Dimou Eleni , Steringer Julia P. , Ewers Helge , Vattulainen Ilpo , Freund Christian , Nickel Walter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFGF2 is a tumor cell survival factor that is exported from cells by an ER/Golgi-independent secretory pathway. This unconventional mechanism of protein secretion is based on direct translocation of FGF2 across the plasma membrane. The Na,K-ATPase has previously been shown to play a role in this process, however, the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we define structural elements that are critical for a direct physical interaction between FGF2 and the α1 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase. In intact cells, corresponding FGF2 mutant forms were impaired regarding both recruitment at the inner plasma membrane leaflet and secretion. Ouabain, a drug that inhibits both the Na,K-ATPase and FGF2 secretion, was found to impair the interaction of FGF2 with the Na,K-ATPase in cells. Our findings reveal the Na,K-ATPase as the initial recruitment factor for FGF2 at the inner plasma membrane leaflet being required for efficient membrane translocation of FGF2 to cell surfaces.
Perovskites fabricated on textured silicon surfaces for tandem solar cells
Authors: Lee Sang-Won , Bae Soohyun , Hwang Jae-Keun , Lee Wonkyu , Lee Solhee , Hyun Ji Yeon , Cho Kyungjin , Kim Seongtak , Heinz Friedemann D. , Bin Choi Sung , Choi Dongjin , Kang Dongkyun , Yang Jeewoong , Jeong Sujeong , Park Se Jin , Schubert Martin C. , Glunz Stefan , Kim Won Mok , Kang Yoonmook , Lee Hae-Seok , Kim Donghwan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe silicon surface texture significantly affects the current density and efficiency of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, only a few studies have explored fabricating perovskite on textured silicon and the effect of texture on perovskite films because of the limitations of solution processes. Here we produce conformal perovskite on textured silicon with a dry two-step conversion process that incorporates lead oxide sputtering and direct contact with methyl ammonium iodide. To separately analyze the influence of each texture structure on perovskite films, patterned texture, high-resolution photoluminescence (μ-PL), and light beam-induced current (μ-LBIC), 3D mapping is used. This work elucidates conformal perovskite on textured surfaces and shows the effects of textured silicon on the perovskite layers with high-resolution 3D mapping. This approach can potentially be applied to any type of layer on any type of substrate.
miR-802 participates in the inflammatory process of inflammatory bowel disease by suppressing SOCS5
Authors: Yao Jun , Gao Ruoyu , Luo Minghan , Li Defeng , Guo Liliangzi , Yu Zichao , Xiong Feng , Wei Cheng , Wu Benhua , Xu Zhenglei , Zhang Dingguo , Wang Jianyao , Wang Lisheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study aims to reveal the detailed molecular mechanism of microRNA (miR)-802 in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD tissues were obtained from IBD patients, followed by CD4+ cells isolation. Then, qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression of miR-802, suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5), interleukin (IL)-17A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Transfection of miR-802 mimics and miR-802 inhibitor in CD4+ cells was detected by Western blot. TargetScan and luciferase reporter assay were used to detect the relationship between SOCS5 and miR-802. Finally, colitis mice model was established to verify whether miR-802 inhibitor was involved in the protective effect of colonic mucosa. The miR-802 was highly expressed in inflamed mucosa and PBMC cells of IBD. The highest expression of miR-802 was observed in CD4+ T cells based on different immune cell subsets analysis. SOCS5 was the target gene of miR-802. The mice model experiments showed that blockade of miR-802 could alleviate mice colitis. Our study suggests that up-regulation of miR-802 plays an important role in inflammatory process of IBD via targeting SOCS5. Moreover, the differentiation of Th17 and secretion of TNF-α in IBD could be stimulated by miR-802.
Repeating responses as a conversational affordance for linguistic transmission
Authors: Gipper Sonja 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Given that face-to-face interaction is an important locus for linguistic transmission (Enfield 2008: 297), it is argued in this paper that conversational structure must provide affordances
(Gibson 1979) for transmitting linguistic items. The paper focuses on repeats where
an interactant (partially) repeats their interlocutor’s preceding utterance. Repeats are argued to provide affordances for the
transmission of innovative and conservative linguistic items by forcing interactants to repeat linguistic material uttered by
another person, facilitating production by exploiting priming effects. Moreover, repeats leave room for modification and thereby
for actively resisting transmission. In this way, repeats unite the competing forces (Tantucci
et al. 2018) of automaticity and creativity. To support this claim, this paper investigates the use of Spanish
insertions and alternative variants in utterance-repeat pairs in Yurakaré (isolate, Bolivia) conversations. The findings are
compatible with a holistic view of language where all linguistic levels are interconnected (Beckner et al. 2009).