bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptococcal meningitis and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a pediatric patient with HIV after switching to second line antiretroviral therapy: a case report
Authors: Otto Ssegujja Boniface Joseph , George Paul E. , Mercedes Rebecca , Nabukeera-Barungi Nicolette 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCryptococcal meningitis (CCM) is a common and deadly disease among HIV-infected patients. Notable about CCM is its association with the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Though it has been posited a switch from first to second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) can induce CCM IRIS, a case presentation of CCM IRIS has not been published.Case presentationA 10-year-old, HIV-infected girl who initially presented with severe headache and new-onset seizures, with cerebrospinal fluid that returned antigen, India Ink, and culture positive forCryptococcus neoformans. Notably, 8 weeks prior to seizures, she had switched from first line to second-line ART (abacavir-lamivudine-efavirenz to zidovudine-lamivudine-lopinavir/ritonavir) due to virologic failure, with a viral load of 224,000 copies/milliliter. At time of seizures and 8 weeks on second-line ART, her viral load had reduced to 262 copies/milliliter.Her hospital course was prolonged, as she had ongoing headaches and developed bilateral cranial nerve VI palsies despite clearance ofCryptococcusfrom cerebrospinal fluid on antifungal therapy and therapeutic lumbar punctures. However, symptoms stabilized, and she was discharged with oral fluconazole. Cranial nerve palsies resolved 10 weeks post discharge and she has remained disease free.ConclusionsWe describe a case of CCM IRIS in a 10-year-old HIV infected child after changing to second-line ART. This case provides evidence that screening for cryptococcal antigenaemia prior to switch from first-line to second-line ART could be an important measure to prevent cryptococcal disease.
Thrombocytopenia and endocarditis in a patient with Whipple’s disease: case report
Authors: Olivier Maxim , Licitra Carmelo , Field Zachary , Ge Li , Hill Dustin , Madruga Mario , Carlan S. J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Whipple’s disease (WD) is a rare multisystem infectious disorder that is caused by the actinomycete Tropheryma whipplei. It presents with joint pain followed by abdominal pain, diarrhea, malabsorption and finally failure to thrive. Diagnosis requires tissue sampling and histology with periodic acid-Schiff [PAS] staining. Thrombocytopenia associated with endocarditis associated with WD has been reported twice.

Case presentation
A 56 year old Caucasian male presented with years of steroid treated joint pain and recent onset diarrhea, weight loss and abdominal pain. Ultimately he was found to have a platelet count of 4000 with concomitant endocarditis and embolic stroke. Small bowel biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of WD approximately 1 year after his first visit. His platelets improved with antibiotic treatment but he eventually expired 16 months after his initial consult and 5 months after his definitive diagnosis.

Conclusion
WD can remain undiagnosed and untreated until late in the course of the illness. A high index of suspicion is recognized as necessary for early diagnosis to begin treatment. Critical thrombocytopenia associated with endocarditis is a rare and potentially poor prognostic sign in late stage Whipple’s disease.
Systemic treatment of hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 negative metastatic breast cancer: retrospective analysis from Leeds Cancer Centre
Authors: Twelves Chris , Cheeseman Sue , Sopwith Will , Thompson Matthew , Riaz Majid , Ahat-Donker Necibe , Myland Melissa , Lee Adam , Przybysz Raymond , Turner Stuart , Hall Geoff , Perren Tim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Study aimed to characterise treatment and outcomes for patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor 2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) within a large regional cancer centre, as a benchmark for evaluating real-world impact of novel therapies.

Methods
Retrospective longitudinal cohort, using electronic patient records of adult females with a first diagnosis of HR+/HER2- MBC January 2012–March 2018.

Results
One hundred ninety-six women were identified with HR+/HER2- MBC. Median age was 67 years, 85.2% were post-menopausal and median time between primary diagnosis and metastasis was 5.4 years. Most (75.1%) patients received endocrine therapy as first line systemic treatment (1st LoT); use of 1st LoT chemotherapy halved between 2012 and 2017. Patients receiving 1st LoT chemotherapy were younger and more likely to have visceral metastasis (p < 0.01). Median OS was 29.5 months and significantly greater for patients with exclusively non-visceral metastasis (p < 0.01). The adjusted hazard ratio for death of patients with visceral (or CNS) metastasis was 1.91 relative to those with exclusively non-visceral metastasis.

Conclusions
Diverse endocrine therapies predominate as 1st LoT for patients with HR+/HER2- MBC, chemotherapy being associated with more aggressive disease in younger patients, emphasising the importance of using effective and tolerable therapies early.
Early intervention and follow-up programs among children with cerebral palsy in Moldova: potential impact on impairments?
Authors: Bufteac Ecaterina Gincota , Andersen Guro L. , Spinei Larisa , Jahnsen Reidun Birgitta 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aim
To study whether early intervention services (EI) and a follow-up program (FU) influence outcomes of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Moldova.

Methods
Records from 351 children with CP in Moldova born during 2009 and 2010 were retrieved from hospital and orphanage archives between 1 July 2016 and 30 September 2017. We investigated the proportion enrolled in EI and FU at the Early Intervention Centre Voinicel and at the Institute of Mother and Child in 2009–2012. Logistic regression analyses were applied to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for outcomes in children enrolled and not enrolled.

Results
Among all children with CP, 166 (47%) were enrolled in EI and FU. Of the 51 children born extremely preterm (gestational age ≤ 31 weeks), 46 (90%) were enrolled, compared to 97 (39%) of the 250 children born at term. Among 110 non-walking children with CP, 82 (74%) were enrolled into EI and FU, compared to 84 (35%) of 241 able to walk.
There was no difference in outcomes of cognition, communication, vision and hearing impairments between those enrolled or not enrolled in EI and FU. However, the subgroup analyses showed that the risk of contractures was 11 times higher among non-walking children who were not enrolled in EI and FU programs (OR = 10.931, 95% CI 2.328–51.328, p = 0.002).

Conclusion
In Moldova, EI and FU seem to be offered mostly to extremely preterm and non-walking children with CP. The results indicate a decreased risk for contractures in these children.
Relationship between sleep and obesity among U.S. and South Korean college students
Authors: Sa Jaesin , Choe Siyoung , Cho Beom-young , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Kim Gyurin , Park Chae-Hee , Chung Joon , Choi Yoojin , Nelson Beatrice , Kim Yongkyu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the relationship between sleep and obesity in young adults, particularly college students. This study examined the relationship between sleep (i.e., sleep duration and quality) and obesity in a large and diverse binational sample of college students.

Methods
Analyses were based on a 40-item paper survey from 2016/2017 to 2017/2018 academic years, with a 72% response rate. The samples were 1578 college students aged 18–25 years from five universities (two in the U.S. and three in South Korea). Weight and height were measured objectively; other measures (e.g., health behaviors) were self-reported. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between sleep duration and independent variables (race/nationality, gender, and BMI). Poisson regression was used to examine the relationship between sleep quality and independent variables.

Results
Overall, blacks had a higher adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of short sleep (< 7 h/night) than whites (AOR = 1.74, P < .01); overweight participants had a higher AOR of short sleep than normal weight participants (AOR = 1.52, P < .01); and obese participants had a higher AORs of both short and long sleep (> 9 h/night) (AOR = 1.67, P < .01; AOR = 1.79, P < .05, respectively). Among men, being black, overweight, and obesity were associated with short sleep (P < .05), whereas only obesity was related to short sleep among women (P < .05). In analyses stratified by race and nationality, overweight and obesity were related to short sleep among blacks only (P < .05). Overall, sleep quality (getting enough sleep to feel rested in the morning in the past 7 days) was worse in blacks and South Koreans than whites (P < .05), worse in women than men (P < .05), and worse in participants with obesity than normal weight participants (P < .05).

Conclusions
Obesity was associated with both short (< 7 h/night) and long sleep duration (> 9 h/night) and poor sleep quality among all participants. In comparison with whites, blacks were more like to have short sleep, and blacks and South Koreans had worse sleep quality. Further investigations using a larger sample of college students in multiple countries may be helpful to identify target populations who are at a greater risk of obesity and sleep problems.
Malignant fibrous neoplasms of long bones: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database from 1973 to 2015
Authors: Huang Yiting , Hong Jianqiao , Meng Jiahong , Wu Haobo , Shi Mingmin , Yan Shigui , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Malignant fibrous neoplasms (MFN) of long bones are rare lesions. Moreover, the prognostic determinants of MFN of long bones have not been reported. This study aimed to present epidemiological data and analyse the prognostic factors for survival in patients with MFN.

Materials and methods
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) programme database was used to screen patients with malignant fibrous neoplasms (MFN) of long bones from 1973 to 2015, with attention to fibrosarcoma, fibromyxosarcoma, periosteal fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The prognostic values of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model with univariate and multivariate analyses. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to obtain OS and CSS curves.

Results
A total of 237 cases were selected from the SEER database. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma was the most common form of lesion in long bones. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent predictors of OS included age, stage, tumour size and surgery. Age, stage, tumour size and surgery were also independent predictors of CSS. Additionally, the most significant prognostic factor was whether metastasis had occurred at the time of initial diagnosis.

Conclusion
Among patients with MFN of long bones, age (> 60 years), tumour size (> 10 cm), distant stage, and non-surgical treatment are factors for poor survival.
The prevalence of Dichelobacter nodosus in clinically footrot-free sheep flocks: a comparative field study on elimination strategies
Authors: Kraft A. F. , Strobel H. , Hilke J. , Steiner A. , Kuhnert P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Ovine footrot caused by Dichelobacter nodosus (D nodosus) is an infectious disease affecting sheep worldwide. Switzerland plans a nationwide footrot eradication program, based on PCR-testing of interdigital swab samples. The aim of this study was to test for the presence of D nodosus in clinically footrot-free sheep flocks which had been subjected to different treatment strategies, to assess whether they were feasible for the eradication process, especially focussing on antimicrobial flock treatments. Clinical scoring and PCR-results were compared. Ten farms had used hoof bathing and hoof trimming without causing bleeding, ten had used individual treatments and flock vaccines to gain the free status and ten had become free through whole-flock systemic macrolide treatment. For every farm, three risk-based collected pool samples were analysed for the occurrence of virulent and benign D nodosus by PCR detection of aprV2/aprB2.

Results
Six flocks from any treatment group tested positive for aprB2 in all pools. Clinical signs were absent at the time of sampling, but some flocks had experienced non-progressive interdigital inflammation previously. Two flocks tested aprV2-positive in the high-risk pool. One of them underwent a progressive footrot outbreak shortly after sampling. Individual retesting indicated, that virulent D nodosus most likely was reintroduced by a recently purchased ram. In the second flock, a ram was tested positive and treated before clinical signs occurred.

Conclusions
All treatment strategies eliminated the causative agent and were found to be suitable for implementation in the PCR-based eradication process. PCR-testing proved to be more sensitive than visual scoring, as it also detected clinically healthy carriers. It will be of benefit as a diagnostic tool in elimination and surveillance programs.
SMAD6, positively regulated by the DNM3OS-miR-134-5p axis, confers promoting effects to cell proliferation, migration and EMT process in retinoblastoma
Authors: Wang Hui , Ji Xiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Retinoblastoma (RB) is acknowledged to be the commonest intraocular malignancy in infants and children and the outcome of RB patients is unfavorable due to limited early diagnosis and effective therapy. SMAD family member 6 (SMAD6) has been reported in the initiation and progression of human cancers by acting as a biological participant. However, the role of SMAD6 in RB has not been illustrated yet.

Methods
The expression of SMAD6 mRNA, miR-134-5p and DNM3OS was measured by RT-qPCR. SMAD6 protein levels were measured by western blot. The effects of SMAD6 depletion on RB cells were analyzed using CCK-8 and transwell assays. The key proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was determined by western blot. The localization of DNM3OS was detected by nuclear/cytoplasmic assay. In addition, the direct interaction between miR-134-5p and SMAD6 or DNM3OS was confirmed with the application of dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Results
SMAD6 was upregulated in RB tissue samples and cell lines, and silencing SMAD6 suppressed cell proliferation, migration and EMT in RB. Mechanically, SMAD6 was positively regulated by lncRNA DNM3OS through competitively interacting with miR-134-5p. DNM3OS contributed to RB progression by SMAD6-mediated manner.

Conclusions
This research unmasked a novel DNM3OS/miR-134-5p/SMAD6 pathway in RB, which might make contribution to treatment of RB.
Predictors of Beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane blood levels among people living close to a chemical plant and an illegal dumping site
Authors: Narduzzi S. , Fantini F. , Blasetti F. , Rantakokko P. , Kiviranta H. , Forastiere F. , Michelozzi P. , Porta D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Hexachlorocyclohexane is a synthetic chemical with several isomers, including β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH). In 2005, a large contamination of crude milk from some bovine farms along the Sacco River (Central Italy) was detected; it was related to the illegal disposal of large quantities of processing waste by a chemical industry of the area. A biomonitoring study, conducted in 2007 on a sample of the residing population, found high values of β-HCH in people living close to the river. These results led to the establishment of a clinical and epidemiological surveillance program on all the exposed population.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the determinants of β-HCH blood levels in people living within 1 Km of the Sacco River, focusing on the role of specific foods, body mass index and risk factors not yet identified.

Methods
The program involved all people living within 1 km of the river. A descriptive analysis of β-HCH blood levels was done in relation to the potential determinants including specific foods. Regression analysis was used to study the association between potential determinants and (natural log) β-HCH haematic concentration. The results were expressed as geometric mean ratios (GMR). To take into account similarities within the families we adjusted for family clustering.

Results
A total of 602 subjects (87.2%) agreed to participate in the surveillance. The β-HCH geometric mean serum concentration was 72 ng/g lipid. The regression analysis showed that being female (GMR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.14–1.53), elderly (GMR> 70yy: 10.04, 95%CI: 6.65–15.15), obese (GMR: 1.63, 95%CI: 1.28–2.08), eating food of local/own production (GMR 1.47, 95%CI: 1.15–1.88) and using water from private wells (GMRdrink:1.47, 95%CI: 1.00–2.14 and GMRwash: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.17–1.87) were associated with higher β-HCH values. There was inverse association with breastfeeding (GMR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.47–0.86). The focus on specific foods showed that the most important factors were eggs and beef.

Conclusions
The study indicated a greater contamination for older people, and those drinking and washing with water from private wells and consuming locally produced food, especially eggs and beef.
Pharmacokinetics of plasma lopinavir and ritonavir in tuberculosis–HIV co-infected African adult patients also receiving rifabutin 150 or 300 mg three times per week
Authors: Ouedraogo Henri Gautier , Matteelli Alberto , Sulis Giorgia , Compaore Tegwinde Rebeca , Diagbouga Serge , Tiendrebeogo Simon , Roggi Alberto , Cisse Kadari , Giorgetti Pier Francesco , Villani Paola , Sangare Lassana , Simpore Jacques , Regazzi Mario , Kouanda Seni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the pharmacokinetic of plasma lopinavir (LPV) and ritonavir (RTV) when co-administered with three times weekly (TPW) rifabutin (RBT) at a dose of either 150 or 300 mg in African tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infected adult patients.MethodsThis is a pharmacokinetic study conducted in Ouagadougou among patients treated with a standard dosage of LPV/RTV 400/100 mg twice daily and RBT 150 mg TPW (arm A = 9 patients) or rifabutin 300 mg TPW (arm B = 7 patients) based regimens. Patients were recruited from the Bogodogo and Kossodo district hospitals in Ouagadougou from May 2013 to December 2015. Study inclusion criteria were that the patients were between 18 and 60 years of age, HIV-1 infected with pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed or suspected. Subsequent blood samples for pharmacokinetic monitoring were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after combined drug ingestion for plasma drug monitoring using HPLC/MS assays.ResultsThe medians LPV Cmaxand Tmaxwere respectively, 20 μg/mL and 4 h for the RBT 150 mg group (arm A) and 7.7 μg/mL and 3 h for the RBT 300 mg group (arm B). The AUC0–12of LPV was 111.8 μg h/mL in patients belonging to arm A versus 69.9 μg/mL for those in arm B (p = 0.313). The C0of LPV was lower than 4 μg/mL in three patients receiving RBT 300 mg. Of note, the RTV plasma concentrations were nearly halved among patients on RBT 300 mg compared to those on lower RBT doses. The AUC0–12of RTV in arm A was 12.7 μg h/mL versus 6.6 μg h/ml in arm B (p = 0.313).ConclusionIn our study, the pharmacokinetic of LPV and RTV was found to be highly variable when coadministrated with RBT 150 mg or 300 mg three times per week. There is a need for specific large study to verify clinical and virological effects of this variation, especially when coadministrated with RBT of 300 mg TPW, and to prevent viral resistance in response to under-dosing of LPV.Trial registrationPACTR201310000629390. Registered 28 October 2013,http://www.pactr.org/
Autophagy and autophagy-related proteins in cancer
Authors: Li Xiaohua , He Shikun , Ma Binyun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAutophagy, as a type II programmed cell death, plays crucial roles with autophagy-related (ATG) proteins in cancer. Up to now, the dual role of autophagy both in cancer progression and inhibition remains controversial, in which the numerous ATG proteins and their core complexes including ULK1/2 kinase core complex, autophagy-specific class III PI3K complex, ATG9A trafficking system, ATG12 and LC3 ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, give multiple activities of autophagy pathway and are involved in autophagy initiation, nucleation, elongation, maturation, fusion and degradation. Autophagy plays a dynamic tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting role in different contexts and stages of cancer development. In the early tumorigenesis, autophagy, as a survival pathway and quality-control mechanism, prevents tumor initiation and suppresses cancer progression. Once the tumors progress to late stage and are established and subjected to the environmental stresses, autophagy, as a dynamic degradation and recycling system, contributes to the survival and growth of the established tumors and promotes aggressiveness of the cancers by facilitating metastasis. This indicates that regulation of autophagy can be used as effective interventional strategies for cancer therapy.
Proteomic and lipidomic analysis of exosomes derived from ovarian cancer cells and ovarian surface epithelial cells
Authors: Cheng Lin , Zhang Kun , Qing Yunan , Li Dong , Cui Manhua , Jin Peng , Xu Tianmin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The limitation of current biomarker of early stage ovarian cancer and the anatomical location of ovarian (depths of the pelvic) make ovarian cancer difficult to be detected in early stage. Growing evidence shows exosomes as key information transmitters, it carried molecules, such as miRNAs, proteins, lipids, double-stranded DNA have been reported as promising biomarkers in many diseases. However, little is known about the protein and lipid composition of ovarian cancer.

Methods
Here, we report proteomic and lipidomic analysis of exosomes derived from ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3) and ovarian surface epithelial cells (HOSEPiC).

Results
A total of 1433 proteins and 1227 lipid species were identified from two cell line derived exosomes. Several lipid species and proteins significantly differ in SKOV-3 derived exosomes compared to those from HOSEPiC. For example, we noted that ChE and ZyE species were in general more abundant in exosomes from SKOV-3 than from HOSEPiC; Collagen type V alpha 2 chain (COL5A2) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were significantly higher in SKOV-3 derived exosomes than HOSEpic (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our research indicates the promising role of exosomal proteins and lipids in the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.