bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifocal breast cancers are more prevalent in BRCA2 versus BRCA1 mutation carriers
Authors: McCrorie Alan D , Ashfield Susannah , Begley Aislinn , Mcilmunn Colin , Morrison Patrick J , Boyd Clinton , Eccles Bryony , Greville‐Heygate Stephanie , Copson Ellen R , Cutress Ramsey I , Eccles Diana M , Savage Kienan I , McIntosh Stuart A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMultifocal (MF)/multicentric (MC) breast cancer is generally considered to be where two or more breast tumours are present within the same breast, and is seen in ~10% of breast cancer cases. This study investigates the prevalence of multifocality/multicentricity in a cohort of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with breast cancer from Northern Ireland via cross‐sectional analysis. Data from 211 women with BRCA1/2 mutations (BRCA1‐91, BRCA2‐120) and breast cancer were collected including age, tumour focality, size, type, grade and receptor profile. The prevalence of multifocality/multicentricity within this group was 25% but, within subgroups, prevalence amongst BRCA2 carriers was more than double that of BRCA1 carriers (p = 0.001). Women affected by MF/MC tumours had proportionately higher oestrogen receptor positivity (p = 0.001) and lower triple negativity (p = 0.004). These observations are likely to be driven by the higher BRCA2 mutation prevalence observed within this cohort. The odds of a BRCA2 carrier developing MF/MC cancer were almost four‐fold higher than a BRCA1 carrier (odds ratio: 3.71, CI: 1.77–7.78, p = 0.001). These findings were subsequently validated in a second, large independent cohort of patients with BRCA‐associated breast cancers from a UK‐wide multicentre study. This confirmed a significantly higher prevalence of MF/MC tumours amongst BRCA2 mutation carriers compared with BRCA1 mutation carriers. This has important implications for clinicians involved in the treatment of BRCA2‐associated breast cancer, both in the diagnostic process, in ensuring that tumour focality is adequately assessed to facilitate treatment decision‐making, and for breast surgeons, particularly if breast conserving surgery is being considered as a treatment option for these patients.
Preoperative paroxysmal atrial fibrillation predicts high cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis: CAREAVR study
Authors: Nissinen Maunu , Lehto Joonas , Biancari Fausto , Nieminen Tuomo , Malmberg Markus , Yannopoulos Fredrik , Salmi Samuli , Airaksinen Juhani K. E. , Kiviniemi Tuomas , Hartikainen Juha E. K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with impaired outcome after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). The impact of preoperative paroxysmal AF, however, has remained elusive.PurposeWe assessed the impact of preoperative paroxysmal AF on outcome in patients undergoing SAVR with bioprosthesis.MethodsA total of 666 patients undergoing isolated AVR with a bioprosthesis were included. Survival data was obtained from the national registry Statistics Finland. Patients were divided into three groups according to the preoperative rhythm: sinus rhythm (n = 502), paroxysmal AF (n = 90), and permanent AF (n = 74).ResultsPatients in the sinus rhythm and paroxysmal AF groups did not differ with respect to age (P = .484), gender (P = .402) or CHA2DS2‐VASc score (P = .333). At 12‐month follow‐up, AF was present in 6.2% of sinus rhythm patients and in 42.4% of paroxysmal AF patients (P < .001). During follow‐up, incidence of fatal strokes in the paroxysmal AF group was higher compared to sinus rhythm group (1.9 vs 0.4 per 100 patient‐years, HR 4.4 95% Cl 1.8‐11.0, P = .001). Cardiovascular mortality was higher in the paroxysmal AF group than in the sinus rhythm group (5.0 vs 3.0 per 100 patient‐years, HR 1.70 95% CI 1.05‐2.76, P = .03) and equal to patients in the permanent AF (5.0 per 100 patient‐years).ConclusionPatients undergoing SAVR with bioprosthesis and history of paroxysmal AF had higher risk of developing permanent AF, cardiovascular mortality and incidence of fatal strokes compared to patients with preoperative sinus rhythm. Life‐long anticoagulation should be considered in patients with a history of preoperative paroxysmal AF.
Diabetes induces differences in the F‐actin spatial organization of striated muscles
Authors: Romanelli Gerardo , Varela Rocío , Benech Juan C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudies have shown the cytoskeleton disorganization produced by diabetes and quantified F‐actin fluorescence in the striated muscles of diabetic animals. However, at present, there are no studies that have quantified F‐actin spatial organization (F‐actin‐SO). Through our research, we analyzed the effect of diabetes on F‐actin‐SO in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of a mouse model. The muscle samples were labeled with phalloidin–rhodamine and analyzed with confocal microscopy. The analysis was done in two dimensions using four approaches: quantitation of (a) phalloidin‐occupied areas; (b) number of F‐actin‐unoccupied areas per muscular fiber; (c) F‐actin filament discontinuity; and (d) costamere periodicity. Our results showed that both the cardiac and skeletal muscles of the control mice had more phalloidin‐occupied areas than the diabetic mice. The skeletal muscles had a significantly higher number of F‐actin‐unoccupied areas per muscular fiber and more F‐actin discontinuities. Additionally, using western blot analyses, we showed that those differences were not due to α‐actin protein expression. Finally, we considered the importance of these findings in dysfunctional contraction, disassembly in cell–cell communication, conduction of muscle impulse, and changes in cell nanomechanics. Our results quantitatively demonstrated that diabetes severely affects F‐actin‐SO in striated muscles.
Pain in older survivors of hematologic malignancies after blood or marrow transplantation: A BMTSS report
Authors: Farrukh Naveed , Hageman Lindsey , Chen Yanjun , Wu Jessica , Ness Emily , Kung Michelle , Francisco Liton , Parman Mariel , Landier Wendy , Arora Mukta , Armenian Saro , Bhatia Smita , Williams Grant R. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundBlood or marrow transplantation (BMT) is increasingly offered to older adults with hematologic malignancies; however, their risk for severe pain is poorly understood. Using the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor Study, the current study investigated the prevalence and predictors of pain after BMT (allogeneic or autologous) as well as its association with physical performance impairments and frailty.MethodsThe cohort included 736 patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent BMT at an age ≥ 60 years at 1 of 3 transplant centers between 1974 and 2014 and survived ≥2 years after BMT; 183 unaffected siblings also participated. Study participants reported on 4 pain domains (nonminor everyday pain, moderate to severe bodily pain, prolonged pain, and moderate to extreme pain interference), and the presence of 1 or more domains was indicative of a severe and/or life‐interfering pain composite variable.ResultsOverall, 39.4% of the BMT survivors reported severe pain with 2.6‐fold greater odds of reporting pain in comparison with sibling controls. Among BMT recipients, those with less education, lower incomes, and active chronic graft‐versus‐host disease had higher odds of reporting pain. In multivariable analyses, BMT survivors with pain were more likely to have impaired physical performance and were more likely to meet the frailty criteria. BMT survivors reported higher use of pain medications (17.8% vs 9.3%) and opioid pain medications (6.5% vs 2.2%) in comparison with sibling controls.ConclusionsNearly 40% of older BMT survivors who were followed for a median of 5 years after BMT reported pain, and BMT survivors had 2.6‐fold higher odds of reporting severe, nonminor or life‐interfering pain in comparison with siblings.
Plasma screening for the T790M mutation of EGFR and phase 2 study of osimertinib efficacy in plasma T790M–positive non–small cell lung cancer: West Japan Oncology Group 8815L/LPS study
Authors: Takahama Takayuki , Azuma Koichi , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Takeda Masayuki , Ishii Hidenobu , Kato Terufumi , Saito Haruhiro , Daga Haruko , Tsuboguchi Yuko , Okamoto Isamu , Otsubo Kohei , Akamatsu Hiroaki , Teraoka Shunsuke , Takahashi Toshiaki , Ono Akira , Ohira Tatsuo , Yokoyama Toshihide , Sakai Kazuko , Yamamoto Nobuyuki , Nishio Kazuto , Nakagawa Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundLiquid biopsy allows the identification of patients whose tumors harbor specific mutations in a minimally invasive manner. No prospective data have been available for the efficacy of osimertinib in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who develop resistance to first‐ or second‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and who test positive for the TKI resistance–conferring T790M mutation of EGFR by liquid biopsy. Therefore, a phase 2 study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of osimertinib in such patients. MethodsEligible patients had advanced or recurrent NSCLC with known TKI‐sensitizing mutations of EGFR, had documented disease progression after treatment with at least 1 first‐ or second‐generation EGFR TKI, and were positive for the T790M mutation in plasma according to the Cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 (Roche Diagnostics) or droplet digital polymerase chain reaction analysis. Patients were treated with osimertinib (80 mg/d) until disease progression. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR) in patients positive for T790M in plasma by the Cobas assay. ResultsBetween June 2016 and November 2017, 276 patients were screened for their T790M status with a liquid biopsy. Seventy‐four patients were positive for T790M in plasma, and 53 of these individuals were enrolled in the study. The ORR for evaluable patients positive for T790M in plasma by the Cobas assay (n = 49) was 55.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40.2%‐69.3%). The median progression‐free survival for all evaluable patients (n = 52) was 8.3 months (95% CI, 6.9‐12.6 months).ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the utility of liquid biopsy for the detection of T790M with the Cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2. Plasma genotyping with this assay is informative for treatment selection in clinical practice when tumor sampling is not feasible.
Using parametric model order reduction for inverse analysis of large nonlinear cardiac simulations
Authors: Pfaller M. R. , Cruz Varona M. , Lang J. , Bertoglio C. , Wall W. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPredictive high‐fidelity finite element simulations of human cardiac mechanics commonly require a large number of structural degrees of freedom. Additionally, these models are often coupled with lumped‐parameter models of hemodynamics. High computational demands, however, slow down model calibration and therefore limit the use of cardiac simulations in clinical practice. As cardiac models rely on several patient‐specific parameters, just one solution corresponding to one specific parameter set does not at all meet clinical demands. Moreover, while solving the nonlinear problem, 90% of the computation time is spent solving linear systems of equations. We propose to reduce the structural dimension of a monolithically coupled structure‐Windkessel system by projection onto a lower‐dimensional subspace. We obtain a good approximation of the displacement field as well as of key scalar cardiac outputs even with very few reduced degrees of freedom, while achieving considerable speedups. For subspace generation, we use proper orthogonal decomposition of displacement snapshots. Following a brief comparison of subspace interpolation methods, we demonstrate how projection‐based model order reduction can be easily integrated into a gradient‐based optimization. We demonstrate the performance of our method in a real‐world multivariate inverse analysis scenario. Using the presented projection‐based model order reduction approach can significantly speed up model personalization and could be used for many‐query tasks in a clinical setting.
Silicon Anodes for High‐Performance Storage Devices: Structural Design, Material Compounding, Advances in Electrolytes and Binders
Authors: Li Fangru , Xu Jie , Hou Zhiwei , Li Min , Yang Ru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSilicon has an extremely high theoretical capacity, a low voltage platform, and abundant natural reserves. It is considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. However, there are still many problems with silicon as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. During the lithiation/delithiation of silicon, a huge volume expansion occurs, causing the silicon particles to pulverize and the capacity to drop sharply. Furthermore, the continuous increase in the silicon surface solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films and the poor conductivity of silicon affect the specific capacity of the battery. Means to improve silicon‐based anodes with regard to electrode cycling performance and electrode capacity include structural design, composite preparation, or improvements in electrolytes and binders (for example, designing silicon nanomaterials of different dimensions from 0D to 3D, including silicon nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods, thin films, porous silicon, and core‐shell structures). Silicon has been combined with different materials to buffer its own volume expansion, resulting in excellent performance. In addition, the design of a reasonable electrolyte solution, as well as the development of a self‐healing binder is one of the main methods to improve Si‐based anodes. In recent years, sodium/potassium ion batteries have been increasingly studied, and silicon and sodium/potassium can be alloyed. The corresponding theoretical capacity can reach 954 mAh g−1 and 955 mAh g−1, respectively. Advances in silicon‐based anodes for sodium/potassium ion storage are summarized herein.
Ultrafast Activating Strategy to Significantly Enhance the Electrocatalysis of Commercial Carbon Cloth for Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Kun , Hu Aiping , Huang Cong , Li Yanhua , Zhou Haifeng , Xu Yali , Tang Qunli , Zhou Shengping , Chen Chuansheng , Chen Xiaohua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is of desirability to prepare in situ self‐supporting electrocatalysts not only to meet application requirements but also to simplify the production process of working electrodes. In this work, oxygen‐containing free‐standing carbon cloth with abundant pores (e‐CC−H2) has been obtained through a facile two‐step electrochemical oxidation and hydrogen etching method. Compared to the previous activation strategies of carbon cloth (such as chemical activation), this method has the advantages of simplicity, time‐saving, low‐cost and energy‐saving. Benefiting from the abundance of defects and oxygen‐containing functional groups that are active sites for oxygen evolution reaction, the obtained e‐CC−H2 shows excellent electrocatalytic activity, with a low overpotential of 350 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a low Tafel slope (127 mV dec−1) and stable electrochemical activity. This strategy paves the way for the application of functionalized and flexible materials in the field of electrochemical energy storage.
In search of the lost polychromy of English medieval alabaster panels in the Southwest of France
Authors: Mounier Aurelie , Schlicht Markus , Mulliez Maud , Pacanowski Romain , Lucat Antoine , Mora Pascal 
Published: February 2020

SummaryPolychrome alabaster carvings, representing religious scenes, constitute England's major contribution to European mediaeval sculpture. During the period between 1350 and 1550, large number of alabaster carvings were produced in the Midlands. Despite their massive destruction during the English Reformation (ca.1534), more than 2500 of them still survive, either legally exported or sold clandestinely to the Continent. With more than 100 panels still existing, the Bordeaux region holds one of the largest concentrations of these reliefs. Most of them have unfortunately lost their medieval polychromy, but 20 can still provide valuable information. They are currently studied in our multidisciplinary research program “ALBATRES” (Polychromie, pigments, perception: les albâtres anglais de la fin du Moyen Âge conservés sur le territoire aquitain. Labex LaScArBx project [2018‐2020]). Focused on the panels' polychromy, the project links art history, archaeometry, optical and 3D engineering, and experimental archeology. The first aim is to obtain complete information on the materials and techniques used by medieval painters. The second consists in studying the functions of polychromy and its perception, by determining and interpreting the selection criteria and aesthetic uses of colors and gilding. The polychrome remains of the Aquitaine corpus are studied by means of visual examination, macrophotographic documentation, and noninvasive portable spectroscopic analyses (reflectance spectroscopy by fiber optics in visible and infrared ranges, fluorimetry, etc.). They reveal, among others, the presence of cinnabar, red lead, red ochre, copper green pigments, yellow ochre, gold, lead white, and others. The results allow the production of model samples to help understand the medieval color organization before proposing the coloring of a real copy of one of the studied panels (Virgin's Assumption, Musée d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux). The shape and the appearance of the color rendering could be improved thanks to a special device built at the IOGS to develop a shader that approximates as closely as possible the appearance of the panels. Finally, all information will be integrated on 3D model panels for better appreciation of the carvings and the artistic taste of medieval spectators.
Triarylisocyanurate‐Based Fluorescent Two‐Photon Absorbers
Authors: Gautier Yohan , Argouarch Gilles , Malvolti Floriane , Blondeau Benjamin , Richy Nicolas , Amar Anissa , Boucekkine Abdou , Nawara Krzysztof , Chlebowicz Katarzyna , Orzanowska Grażyna , Dudek Marta , Matczyszyn Katarzyna , Samoc Marek , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille , Mongin Olivier , Waluk Jacek , Paul Frédéric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of six triarylisocyanurates, featuring 2,7‐fluorenyl or 9,10‐anthracenyl groups incorporated in their peripheral arms are reported. Photophysical studies reveal that these new octupolar derivatives are more fluorescent (ΦF≥0.60 for all new compounds except for 1,3,5‐tri(9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazinane‐2,4,6‐trione 3) and present a red‐shifted lowest absorption and emission compared to their known phenyl analogues of comparable size. Depending on the nature of the terminal substituent, fast intramolecular energy transfer among the three arms or localization of the excitation on a single branch occurs after population of their first singlet excited state. The latter effect was only observed in the presence of strongly electron‐releasing substituents in polar media. These new chromophores are also better two‐photon absorbers than the 1,4‐phenylene‐based isocyanurates reported so far, with cross sections σ2≥500 GM at 770 nm for 4‐NPh2 the fluorenyl group containing (13) and the anthracenyl group containing (14) chromophores. All these spectroscopic features, analyzed with the help of quantum chemical calculations, are crucial for the design of new biphotonic fluorescent dyes.
Photoisomerization‐Driven Photoluminescence Modulation in CdSeS Gradient Quantum Dot/Liquid Crystal Nanocomposites
Authors: Satapathy Pragnya , Navyashree V. , Santra Pralay K. , Prasad S. Krishna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate that the photoluminescence in nanocomposites composed of gradient CdSeS quantum dots (QD) doped in a host nematic liquid crystal (LC) can be substantially modulated due to photoisomerisation of small amounts of an incorporated azobenzene‐based LC material. An attractive feature of this reversible second‐wavelength optical control is that it can be achieved with low magnitude (0.6 mW/cm2) actinic UV light, and thus has very little scope for undesirable photooxidation. The modulation magnitude is high (45 %) and lends itself to both spatial and temporal control. The dynamics of the process for the forward (UV‐on) process is much faster than the return to the equilibrium situation. However, by applying a DC bias field we show that this return can be accelerated by a factor of more than 6, which under ideal circumstances could even be 20. This low‐power second‐wavelength on‐demand optical technique for emission modulation is generic and holds promises for the development of light‐switchable QD‐based emissive displays and photonic devices.
Is the USDA core collection of common bean representative of genetic diversity of the species, as assessed by SNP diversity?
Authors: Kuzay Saarah , Hamilton‐Conaty Paige , Palkovic Antonia , Gepts Paul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCore collections are envisioned to be a representative subset of larger germplasm collections. They were introduced to facilitate the characterization and use of these germplasm collections. The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) core collection of the USDA Western Regional Plant Introduction Station was one of the first collections to be established in the early 1990s. Here, we evaluate the representativity of this common bean collection in light of the availability of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) platform and new information about genetic diversity of the species, including phaseolin and seed type data. The SNP diversity was studied with a combination of STRUCTURE, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and neighbor‐joining analysis (NJA). STRUCTURE analyses were conducted for K (number of subpopulations) = 3 and K = 7, based on the ad hoc statistic ΔK. The K = 3 analysis recognized the split between Andean and Mesoamerican domesticates and the subdivision of the Mesoamerican domesticates into high‐ (Durango/Jalisco) and low‐altitude (Mesoamerica) ecogeographic races. The K = 7 analysis further subdivided the Andean group identified for K = 3, as well as the high‐altitude group from the Mesoamerican gene pool. It also identified smaller groups consisting of Mesoamerican wild beans. The PCoA and NJA confirmed the STRUCTURE results and highlighted the existence of presumed hybridization among groups. Our results suggest that this core collection should be updated by adding domesticated categories, developing a separate wild common bean core collection, and developing cores for specific purposes.
Resistance to wheat rusts identified in wheat/Amblyopyrum muticum chromosome introgressions
Authors: Fellers John P. , Matthews Angie , Fritz Allan K. , Rouse Matthew N. , Grewal Surbhi , Hubbart‐Edwards Stella , King Ian P. , King Julie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rusts are a worldwide production problem. Plant breeders have used genetic resistance to combat these fungi. However, single‐gene resistance is rapidly overcome as a result of frequent occurrence of new virulent fungal strains. Thus, a supply of new resistance sources is continually needed, and new resistance sources are limited within hexaploid wheat genetic stocks. Wild relatives are able to be a resource for new resistance genes but are hindered because of chromosome incapability with domesticated wheats. Twenty‐eight double‐haploid hexaploid wheat/Amblyopyrum muticum (Boiss.) Eig introgression lines, with introgressions covering the majority of the T genome, were evaluated for resistance to Puccinia triticina Erikss., P. graminis Pers.:Pers. f.sp. tritici Erikss. & E. Henning, and P. striiformis Westend. f.sp. tritici Erikss.. At the seedling level, four lines were resistant to races of P. triticina, six lines were resistant to P. graminis, and 15 lines were resistant to P. striiformis. At the adult stage, 16 lines were resistant to P. triticina. Line 355 had resistance to all three rusts and line 161 had resistance to all tested races of P. triticina. Some of these lines will require further work to reduce the size of the introgressed segment; however, lines 92 and 355 have very small fragments and can be used directly as new resistance donors.