bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of vegetation on erosion: Insights from the calibration and test of a landscape evolution model in alpine badland catchments
Authors: Carriere Alexandra , Le Bouteiller Caroline , Tucker Gregory E. , Klotz Sebastien , Naaim Mohamed 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile it is well recognized that vegetation can affect erosion, sediment yield and, over longer timescales, landform evolution, the nature of this interaction and how it should be modeled is not obvious and may depend on the study site. In order to develop quantitative insight into the magnitude and nature of the influence of vegetation on catchment erosion, we build a landscape evolution model to simulate erosion in badlands, then calibrate and evaluate it against sediment yield data for two catchments with contrasting vegetation cover. The model couples hillslope gravitational transport and stream alluvium transport. Results indicate that hillslope transport processes depend strongly on the vegetation cover, whereas stream transport processes do not seem to be affected by the presence of vegetation. The model performance in prediction is found to be higher for the denuded catchment than for the reforested one. Moreover, we find that vegetation acts on erosion mostly by reducing soil erodibility rather than by reducing surface runoff. Finally, the methodology we propose can be a useful tool to evaluate the efficiency of previous revegetation operations and to provide guidance for future restoration work. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental cascades of social inhibition and friendships in preterm and full‐term children
Authors: Reyes Lucia M. , Jaekel Julia , Heuser Katharina M. , Wolke Dieter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFriendships are crucial to children's socioemotional development and quality of life. Children born preterm (<37 weeks gestation) have an increased risk for social relationship difficulties, including fewer friends, but the mechanisms underlying the link between lower gestational age and fewer friendships are not clear. The prospective Bavarian Longitudinal Study investigated potential cascading effects on N = 1,181 children's friendships at 8 years. Path modelling indicated that higher gestational age predicted good early parent–infant relationship quality, good inhibitory control, and higher friendship scores. Good parent–infant relationship quality predicted good inhibitory control, which subsequently predicted low social inhibition at 6 years and higher friendship scores at 8 years. There is evidence of cascading effects from gestational age to early parent–infant relationships, to toddlers' inhibitory control, and to social inhibition, which partially explain differences in children's friendships at 8 years of age.Highlights

Preterm children are at risk for social problems and fewer friends, but the mechanisms underlying this risk are not known.
Path modelling showed that gestational age predicted good early parent–infant relationship and inhibitory control, which subsequently predicted low social inhibition and higher friendship scores.
Cascading effects from gestational age to parent–infant relationships, to inhibitory control, and to social inhibition partially explain differences in friendships at 8 years.
Identifying a robust policy rule for the Fed's response to financial stress
Authors: Ahmad Saad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe seek to identify a policy rule for the Fed that remains valid in both periods of high and low financial stress. Using real‐time data, we examine traditional linear Taylor rules, Taylor rules augmented with a financial stress measure, and nonlinear Taylor rules for the Fed's response in the pre‐crisis period that lasts from 1982 to 2007. We determine that financial conditions were a significant source of nonlinearity in the Fed's response during this period, with greater volatility in the financial sector causing the Fed to prioritize the stabilisation of financial markets over its traditional policy objectives. We then extend the analysis to include the financial crisis of 2008 and find that our nonlinear Taylor rule framework also provides a plausible explanation for the Fed's conduct of monetary policy over this period. Our results, thus, show that the Fed's reaction to the recent financial crisis was not that dissimilar from its response to previous episodes of financial stress.
Democracy, dictatorship, and economic freedom signals in stock market
Authors: Burnie David A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe performance of 87 stock markets around the world is examined over the period December 1995 through June 2016. Market responses to democracy or dictatorship and several economic freedom measures are estimated. The democracy/dictatorship measures are based on the Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland data system. Measures of economic freedom, property rights, and corruption are taken from the Heritage Foundation indices since inception. Data are used as first differences to capture any response to new information. Democracy/dictatorship has a significant impact on returns; that is, added risk commands a higher return. The stock markets react positively to the release of economic freedom index data. The adjusted change in economic freedom scoring and corruption has a positive impact on market returns, but no effect was found for property rights. These results are consistent with increases in “perceived risk” impacting returns. Lower corruption (a higher freedom from corruption score) should lead to better returns as cash off flow should diminish and either be paid out to the investor or reinvested in the firm. Key conclusions are as follows: Required investment compensation is lower in a democracy than a dictatorship, a reduction in corruption is associated with improving returns, the region of the world where the stock market index is located matters, and positive changes in economic freedom are associated with a positive market return change.
A “how‐to” guide for effectively writing a publishable research manuscript
Authors: Hammond Drayton A. , Rech Megan A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNuances for preparing a publishable manuscript in an efficient and productive manner are often learned experientially and over many years. The purpose of this “how‐to” guide is to assist new practitioner pharmacists, as well as pharmacy residents and students, with effectively writing a research manuscript for publication. General considerations for scientific writing are presented, including target journal selection; the intentional process of writing fast, bad, and wrong; editing with a focus; and methods to convey messages in the most unambiguous and accurate ways possible. Then elements and nuances to writing the common manuscript sections (ie, introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusion, and abstract) are elucidated. Finally, guidance on documents that accompany a manuscript (ie, cover letter and response to reviewer comments) is provided.
Application of Spectro‐DPRA, KeratinoSens™ and h‐CLAT to estimation of the skin sensitization potential of cosmetics ingredients
Authors: Cho Sun‐A , Choi Minseok , Park Sae‐Ra , An Susun , Park Jae‐Hak 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEthical issues in animal toxicity testing have led to the search for alternative methods to determine the skin sensitization potential of cosmetic products. The emergence of ethical testing issues has led to the development of many alternative methods that can reliably estimate skin sensitization potentials. However, a single alternative method may not be able to achieve high predictivity due to the complexity of the skin sensitization mechanism. Therefore, several prediction assays, including both in chemico and in vitro test methods, were investigated and integrated based on the skin sensitization adverse outcome pathway. In this study, we evaluated three different integrated approaches to predict a human skin sensitization hazard using data from in vitro assays (KeratinoSens™ and human cell line activation test [h‐CLAT]), and a newly developed in chemico assay (spectrophotometric direct peptide reactivity assay [Spectro‐DPRA]). When the results of the in chemico and in vitro assays were combined, the predictivity of human data increased compared with that of a single assay. The highest predictivity was obtained for the approach in which sensitization potential was determined by Spectro‐DPRA followed by final determination using the result of KeratinoSens™ and h‐CLAT assays (96.3% sensitivity, 87.1% specificity, 86.7% positive predictive value, 96.4% negative predictive value and 91.4% accuracy compared with human data). While further optimization is needed, we believe this integrated approach may provide useful predictive data when determining the human skin sensitization potential of chemicals.
Co‐exposure of cadmium and lead on bone health in a southwestern Chinese population aged 40‐75 years
Authors: Li Xiaomeng , Li Renjia , Yan Jiuming , Song Yang , Huo Jiao , Lan Zhen , Chen Jinyao , Zhang Lishi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBoth cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are associated with bone health, but studies exploring the effects of Cd and Pb co‐exposure on bone health are rare. This study aimed to assess the interactive effects of Cd and Pb co‐exposure on bone health. In total, 799 participants, living in the targeted areas (located in southwestern China) for more than 15 years, aged 40‐75 years, and subsisted on homegrown rice and vegetables were investigated. Cd and Pb levels in urine and blood samples, as well as bone mineral density, T‐ and Z‐score were determined. After being adjusted for covariates, the T‐score was negatively correlated with blood Pb in men (P < .05); for women and non‐smoking women, the T‐score was negatively correlated with urinary Pb (P < .05). Moreover, after being adjusted for covariates, the Z‐score was negatively correlated with urinary Pb in non‐smoking women (P < .05). No positive association of prevalence of osteoporosis with Cd and Pb exposure was found. However, at an additive scale, positive interactions of urinary Cd and Pb on the prevalence of osteoporosis for women and non‐smoking women, and the same interactions to blood Cd and Pb for men were found. There was also a positive interaction of urinary Cd and Pb for women at a multiplicative scale. This study suggests Cd and Pb exposure could exert detrimental effects on bone health, with possible underlying interactions. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to explore the interactive effects of heavy metal co‐exposure.
Towards Raman spectroscopy of urine as screening tool
Authors: Žukovskaja Olga , Ryabchykov Oleg , Straßburger Maria , Heinekamp Thorsten , Brakhage Axel A. , Hennings Christopher J. , Hübner Christian A. , Wegmann Michael , Cialla‐May Dana , Bocklitz Thomas W. , Weber Karina , Popp Jürgen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor the screening purposes urine is an especially attractive biofluid, since it offers easy and noninvasive sample collection and provides a snapshot of the whole metabolic status of the organism, which may change under different pathological conditions. Raman spectroscopy (RS) has the potential to monitor these changes and utilize them for disease diagnostics. The current study utilizes mouse models aiming to compare the feasibility of the urine based RS combined with chemometrics for diagnosing kidney diseases directly influencing urine composition and respiratory tract diseases having no direct connection to urine formation. The diagnostic models for included diseases were built using principal component analysis with linear discriminant analysis and validated with a leave‐one‐mouse‐out cross‐validation approach. Considering kidney disorders, the accuracy of 100% was obtained in discrimination between sick and healthy mice, as well as between two different kidney diseases. For asthma and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis achieved accuracies were noticeably lower, being, respectively, 77.27% and 78.57%. In conclusion, our results suggest that RS of urine samples not only provides a solution for a rapid, sensitive and noninvasive diagnosis of kidney disorders, but also holds some promises for the screening of nonurinary tract diseases.
The investigation of therapeutic potential of oxytocin and liraglutide on vincristine‐induced neuropathy in rats
Authors: Erdoğan Mümin A. , Taşkıran Emin , Yiğittürk Gürkan , Erbaş Oytun , Taşkıran Dilek 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of oxytocin and liraglutide (LIR), a GLP‐1 analogue, in a rat model of vincristine‐induced neuropathy. Rats were injected with vincristine (VCR) at a dose of 4 mg/kg twice a week for 5 weeks. The VCR‐administered rats were divided into three groups and received saline, oxytocin, or liraglutide simultaneously with VCR. After the treatment period, electrophysiological, biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical investigations were performed. Electromyography (EMG) recordings demonstrated significant alterations in the VCR + saline group (p < .001). Also, motor performance was decreased in the VCR + saline group (p < .05). Histologically, the axonal diameter was decreased in all groups. VCR + saline group showed significantly increased lipid peroxidation and decreased nerve growth factor (NGF) expression. However, the administration of oxytocin and liraglutide significantly prevented the EMG alterations, lipid peroxidation, and reduction in neuronal NGF expression. On the basis of these findings, oxytocin and liraglutide may be considered as potential agents for the prevention of VCR‐induced neuropathy.
LncRNA‐XIST/microRNA‐126 sponge mediates cell proliferation and glucose metabolism through the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in glioma
Authors: Cheng Zhihua , Luo Cong , Guo Zhilin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAbnormal glucose metabolism may contribute to cancer progression. Glioma represents a cancer resulting from an imbalance between glucose metabolism and tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for dysregulated brain glucose metabolism and lactate accumulation in glioma remain to be elucidated. The present study identified a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) X‐inactive specific transcript (XIST) as a candidate to mediate glucose metabolism in glioma. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis were evaluated in lncRNA‐XIST‐depleted glioblastoma cells by short hairpin RNA. Glucose uptake, lactate production, as well as levels of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and GLUT3, were measured. Luciferase assay, RNA pull‐down, and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to validate the interactions among lncRNA‐XIST, microRNA‐126 (miR‐126), and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). An in vivo analysis was carried out in nude mice bearing glioblastoma cell xenografts. The study found that lncRNA‐XIST knockdown inhibited cell viability, migration, invasion, resistance to apoptosis, and glucose metabolism of glioblastoma cells. LncRNA‐XIST functioned as a competing endogenous RNA of miR‐126 and then regulated IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in glioblastoma cells. In vivo results demonstrated lncRNA‐XIST knockdown reduces the tumorigenicity of glioblastoma cells. Taken together, we demonstrated a novel cellular mechanism that was dependent of the lncRNA‐XIST/miR‐126/IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in enhanced glucose metabolism in glioma.
Circular RNA circ‐Foxo3 inhibits esophageal squamous cell cancer progression via the miR‐23a/PTEN axis
Authors: Xing Yao , Zha Wen‐Juan , Li Xiao‐Min , Li Hao , Gao Fei , Ye Ting , Du Wang‐Qi , Liu Yang‐Chen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCirc‐Foxo3 is a circRNA encoded by the human FOXO3 gene and works as a sponge for potential microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate cancer progression. However, the role of circ‐Foxo3 in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is not clear. In this study, circ‐Foxo3 was lowly expressed in cell lines and ESCC tissues. Meanwhile, overexpression of circ‐Foxo3 inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion, whether in vivo or in vitro. Mechanically, we found a potential miRNA target, miR‐23a, which negatively correlated with circ‐Foxo3 in ESCC. Then, a luciferase assay confirmed the relationship between the circ‐Foxo3 and miRNA. Moreover, circ‐Foxo3 upregulation of PTEN occurred through “sponging” miR‐23a. Taken together, these results indicated that the circ‐Foxo3/miR‐23a/PTEN pathway was critical for inhibiting the ESCC progression. This may provide a promising target for treat ESCC.
IL1β inhibits differentiation of cementoblasts via microRNA‐325‐3p
Authors: Wang Yuzhuo , Li Ying , Shao Pu , Wang Liuyi , Bao Xingfu , Hu Min 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCementum regeneration is considered the gold standard for the treatment of periodontitis. As one of the most important primary proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1β (IL1β) plays an essential role during the early stage of periodontitis and its amounts simultaneously increase dramatically during this stage. Though promising, the differentiation of cementoblasts upon IL1β‐induced inflammation of the microenvironment and the relative interaction mechanism are still unknown. Here, we found that IL1β inhibited cementoblast differentiation and microRNA‐325‐3p (miR‐325‐3p) was increased during IL1β‐stimulated cementoblasts. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay demonstrated miR‐325‐3p targeted runt‐related transcription factor 2 directly. Transfection of miR‐325‐3p suppressed cementoblast differentiation in vitro and the formation of cementum‐like tissues in vivo. The inhibitor of miR‐325‐3p could mitigate the above effects induced by IL1β. Accordingly, our finding suggests a critical role of miR‐325‐3p in linking inflammation to impaired cementum regeneration and provides a potential possibility for applying miR‐325‐3p inhibitors in the treatment of periodontitis‐related bone loss.
Differential expression of α6 and β1 integrins reveals epidermal heterogeneity at single‐cell resolution
Authors: He Weiya , Ye Jinguo , Xu Huiyi , Lin Yangsheng , Zheng Yingfeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSkin epidermis is a constantly renewing epithelium that is composed of various cell types and provides an ideal model system for tissue regeneration and heterogeneity studies. Integrins are a family of transmembrane receptors that mediate cell adhesion in the epidermis, and integrin expression spatially reflects epidermal heterogeneity. It remains unclear whether differential expression of integrins can characterize cell types in skin epidermis. This study applied a fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) strategy based on differential expression of α6 and β1 integrins, and used transcriptome analysis to explore epidermal heterogeneity. First, epidermal cells were acquired from C57BL/6 mice back skin. Nine bulk‐cell populations were sorted with differential expressions of α6 and β1 integrins, and were successfully characterized as the main cell types in the epidermis through RNA‐seq and transcriptome analysis. Then, tetOKrt14‐H2BGFP mice were used to trace the cell proliferation rate during wound healing with GFP intensity. Epidermal cells were acquired from the re‐epithelialized back skin wounds, and a total of 576 single cells were sorted, combining integrin expression and GFP tracing. FACS single‐cell RNA‐seq enabled high resolution in the classification of subtypes in both interfollicular epidermis and hair follicle, and both quiescent and intermediate cell states of the basal and infundibulum stem cell populations were distinguished. This study proposed a presorted method to investigate the relationship between integrin expression and epidermal heterogeneity. Multiple epidermal cell types and their expression profiles were identified, which provides data resources for dermatology research.
Choline and methionine regulate lipid metabolism via the AMPK signaling pathway in hepatocytes exposed to high concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids
Authors: Shen Jing , Sun Bofei , Yu Chao , Cao Yangchun , Cai Chuanjiang , Yao Junhu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and β‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) induce lipid peroxidation, resulting in liver damage. Choline and methionine (Met) can promote energy balance and benefit liver health in transition dairy cows; however, the regulating mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we established the hepatocyte damage model by 1.5 mM NEFAs or BHBA treatment, and examined lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. The results showed that 1.5 mM NEFAs and 1.5 mM BHBA significantly decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)‐α as well as its target genes carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1α (CPT‐1α), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, and Apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100). Choline and Met upregulated the phosphorylation level of AMPK‐α, which was blocked by BML (an AMPK‐α inhibitor). The mRNA expression level of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α), CPT‐1α, and ApoB100 showed a similar trend. The expressions of liver X recptoer α (LXR‐α) and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1c (SREBP‐1c) were decreased by choline and Met, while only the decrease of LXR‐α was blocked by BML. These findings indicate that the high‐level NEFAs and BHBA weaken the lipid metabolism by impairing the fatty acid oxidation, synthesis, and transport proteins. Choline and Met regulate PPAR‐α and LXR‐α transcriptional activity through AMPK‐α phosphorylation and regulate SREBP‐1c independently of AMPK‐α to promote lipid oxidation and transport in NEFAs‐treated hepatocytes.
Hydrothermal syntheses, crystal structures, and photocatalytic properties of two Co(II) complexes with the flexible citraconic acid
Authors: Yin Weidong , Li Guilian , Liu Qianlong , Ju Fengyang , Li Yunping , Liu Guangzhen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo Co(II) coordination polymers, [Co(ca)(bib)]n (I) and {[Co(ca)(bibp)1.5]·1.5H2O}
n (II) (H2ca = citraconic acid, bib = 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazoly)benzene, bibp = 1,4‐bis‐[4‐(imidazol‐1‐yl)benzyl]piperazine), were prepared by hydrothermal method and measured structurally by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Complex I shows a 2D layer structure containing Co‐carboxylate chains. Complex II displays a 3D metal–organic framework composed of the binuclear [Co2(CO2)2]2+ cluster nodes through ca2− and bibp as linkers with (412·63) topology. Complexes I and II have high thermal stabilities because their frameworks maintain good integrity before 340°C and 265°C, respectively. Both complexes show well photocatalytic activities for methylene blue degradation under UV irradiation in the presence of H2O2, which may be used as potential materials for photocatalytic dyes degradation.