bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong‐Induced CPL Emission Promoted from Achiral Conjugated Polymer‐Containing Emissive Nematic Liquid Crystals (P‐N*‐LCs)
Authors: Chen Yihan , Xu Zhaoran , Hu Wenrui , Li Xiaojing , Cheng Yixiang , Quan Yiwu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development on 3D printing technology, more and more works have been devoted to 3D display. 3D display will really come true by using circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐active materials with both high quantum yield and dissymmetry factor (gem) in organic light‐emitting diode or liquid crystals (LCs). But so far most of these CPL materials cannot meet the real application requirement because of the low gem values in the range of 10−5–10−2. In this paper, ternary chiral emissive LCs (P‐N*‐LCs) is designed by doping chiral binaphthyl‐based enantiomers as chiral dopant (Guest 1) and achiral conjugated polymer as induced CPL emitter (Guest 2) into nematic liquid crystal (N‐LCs) Host 5CB. Both Guest 1 and Guest 2 show excellent compatibility with Host 5CB. The obtained ternary P‐N*‐LCs can emit strong‐induced CPL signal with gem up to 1.12 and ФFL up to 66.1%. This work first develops a new strategy for the smart design of excellent CPL materials from versatile achiral conjugation fluorescence polymers.
Multiarm Star‐Crosslinked Hydrogel: Polymer Network with Thermoresponsive Free‐End Chains Densely Connected to Crosslinking Points
Authors: Ida Shohei , Toda Shogo , Oyama Masatoshi , Takeshita Hiroki , Kanaoka Shokyoku 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoft tissue in biological system is a hydrogel with elaborate structure exhibiting repeatable dynamic function. In order to approach such sophisticated system, precise construction of a designed network with multi‐components is desired. This communication presents a novel hydrogel having highly dense stimuli‐responsive free‐end chains around crosslinking structure. A key molecule is a core‐crosslinked star‐shaped polymer with multiple thermoresponsive arms, which can be prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of divinyl crosslinker with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) macro‐chain transfer agent and have a number of unreacted carbon–carbon double bonds in the core. These unreacted double bonds can be utilized as a crosslinker for poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) gel synthesis by free radical polymerization. The obtained gel contains homogeneously dispersed star PNIPAAms as crosslinking points and exhibits thermoresponsive swelling behavior in water depending on the star contents. In particular, the gel with low content of the star crosslinker shows localized responsive behavior with expansion and shrinkage of the star in one molecule. The mechanical properties of the star‐crosslinked gel are significantly high compared to the conventional PAAm gels particularly in compressive strength (≈9 MPa). Moreover, the star‐crosslinked gel has thermoresponsive mechanical toughening property.
A lightweight and high thermal performance graphene heat pipe
Authors: Liu Ya , Chen Shujing , Fu Yifeng , Wang Nan , Mencarelli Davide , Pierantoni Luca , Lu Hongbin , Liu Johan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeat pipe is one of the most efficiency tools for heat dissipation in power systems. Currently, heat pipes are usually made of copper or aluminum. However, due to their relatively high density and limited heat transmission capacity, heat pipes are facing urgent challenges in power electronics. In this paper, a new class of graphene enhanced heat pipe that can cope with these issues is reported. The graphene enhanced heat pipe is made of high thermal conductivity graphene assembled film with nanostructure enhanced inner surfaces. The study shows that the dramatically improved heat dissipation capacity, 7230 W m−2 K−1 g−1, about 3.5 times higher than that of copper based commercial heat pipes can be achieved. This paves the way for using graphene enhanced heat pipe in lightweight and large capacity cooling applications, as required in many systems such as automotive electronics, hand‐sets and space electronics.
Clinical features, comorbidities, complications and treatment options in severe and non‐severe COVID‐19 patients: A systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Giri Mohan , Puri Anju , Wang Ting , Guo Shuliang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this analysis was to assess the prevalence of clinical features, comorbidities, complications and treatment options in the patients with COVID‐19 and compare incidence of these clinical data in severe and non‐severe patients.DesignSystemic review and Meta‐analysis.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases were searched to identify relevant papers until 20 July 2020. All studies comparing clinical data of severe and non‐severe patients of COVID‐19 were included. Heterogeneity across included studies was determined using Cochrane's Q test and the I2 statistic. Results were expressed as odds ratio with accompanying 95% confidence intervals.ResultsTwelve studies with 3,046 patients were included. The result showed the most prevalent clinical symptoms were fever 88.3%, cough 62.2%, fatigue 39.5% and dyspnoea 31.5%. Further meta‐analysis showed incidence of fever, cough, fatigue and dyspnoea was higher in severe patients. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension 22.6%, diabetes 11.5%, cardiovascular disease 10.3% and cancer 2.5%. We found that compared with non‐severe patients, the symptoms, existing comorbidities and complications are prevalent in severe COVID‐19 patients. Future well‐methodologically designed studies from other populations are strongly recommended.
Ultra‐efficient intrinsic‐vertical‐tunnel‐junction structures for next‐generation concentrator solar cells
Authors: Seoane Natalia , Fernández Eduardo F. , Almonacid Florencia , García‐Loureiro Antonio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe efficiency of solar cells can be enhanced by increasing the light intensity and/or the number of bandgaps of the structure. However, current solar cells cannot fully exploit these two factors because of various critical drawbacks. Here, we show a novel microscale, that is, side ≈ 0.5 mm, vertical solar cell structure that does not suffer the series resistance and bandgap limitations issues of current devices. The preliminary structures investigated show extreme efficiencies, >40%, at ultrahigh concentration factors of 15 000 suns. In addition, future designs with a better bandgap configuration are expected to deliver cells with efficiencies far above 50% at extreme light intensities. This early design offers a fast and reliable route to push the efficiency towards the maximum solar conversion limit and represents a promising way to develop new‐generation ultraefficient and low‐cost concentrator photovoltaic systems.
Computational design of small molecular modulators of protein–protein interactions with a novel thermodynamic cycle: Allosteric inhibitors of HIV‐1 integrase
Authors: Sun Qinfang , Ramaswamy Vijayan S. K. , Levy Ronald , Deng Nanjie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTargeting protein–protein interactions for therapeutic development involves designing small molecules to either disrupt or enhance a known PPI. For this purpose, it is necessary to compute reliably the effect of chemical modifications of small molecules on the protein–protein association free energy. Here we present results obtained using a novel thermodynamic free energy cycle, for the rational design of allosteric inhibitors of HIV‐1 integrase (ALLINI) that act specifically in the early stage of the infection cycle. The new compounds can serve as molecular probes to dissect the multifunctional mechanisms of ALLINIs to inform the discovery of new allosteric inhibitors. The free energy protocol developed here can be more broadly applied to study quantitatively the effects of small molecules on modulating the strengths of protein–protein interactions.
Optical response of plasma processed quantum dot under the external fields
Authors: Kılıç Kadir , Bahar Mustafa Kemal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigate theoretically the total refractive index changes (TRICs) and the total absorption coefficients (TACs) of two‐electron Gaussian quantum dot (TEGQD) including Gaussian potential confinement generated by GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructure, embedded in Debye and quantum plasma environments modeled by the more general exponential cosine screened Coulomb (MGECSC) potential, under the influence of the external electric and magnetic field. The wave equation is solved within the effective mass approach framework by using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method in order to obtain the subband spectra and the electronic wave functions of TEGQD. Nonlinear optical response of TEGQD is obtained through the compact‐density‐matrix formalism within the iterative method. The effects of both Debye and quantum plasma environments in the strong and weak regimes of the external fields are considered and compared throughout the study. The potents of the external electric field, the external magnetic field, the quantum dot width, the barrier height, and the plasma screening on TRICs and TACs resonant frequencies and amplitudes are analyzed. In addition to these analyses, the alternatives to each parameter effects of the model are also elucidated. TRICs and TACs analyze are carried out in a plasma‐free environment, and thus the function of environments with plasma compared to that without plasma is better explained. Thanks to all these reviews, it is elucidated how to and at what ranges perform in terms of the incident photon energy of TEGQD's optimum for TRICs and TACs characters by using plasma, and in which cases it will be an alternative to the external field and geometrical encompassing.
Alkalinity gradients in grasslands alter soil bacterial community composition and function
Authors: Xiang Junliang , Jin Jian , Liu Quan , Huang Yulan , Wu Wensi , Tang Ruixi , Chen Yuan , Yin Kuide 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClarifying the bacterial community composition and function in alkali soils is pivotal to the soil capability of sustaining venerable ecosystems. Using MiSeq sequencing, PICRUSt, and Biolog (https://www.biolog.com), we investigated the bacterial community composition and metabolic function of microbes in three soils differing in the severity of alkalinity. A high level of alkalinity deceased the diversity of microbial community and altered microbial community composition with the increase in relative abundances of 21 genera. The linear discriminate analysis and effect size analysis found most of 54 biomarkers belonged to Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Redundancy analysis indicated that the succession of bacterial community and metabolic characteristics of microbes were highly affected by the nutrient availability and soil moisture. The utilization rates of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, polymers, phenolic compound, and aminesides by microbes were positively correlated with soil nutrient concentrations but negatively correlated with the exchangeable sodium percentage and pH. Severe alkalinity inhibited the microbial community diversity and function on carbohydrate metabolisms.
Adaptive enrichment trials: What are the benefits?
Authors: Burnett Thomas , Jennison Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhen planning a Phase III clinical trial, suppose a certain subset of patients is expected to respond particularly well to the new treatment. Adaptive enrichment designs make use of interim data in selecting the target population for the remainder of the trial, either continuing with the full population or restricting recruitment to the subset of patients. We define a multiple testing procedure that maintains strong control of the familywise error rate, while allowing for the adaptive sampling procedure. We derive the Bayes optimal rule for deciding whether or not to restrict recruitment to the subset after the interim analysis and present an efficient algorithm to facilitate simulation‐based optimisation, enabling the construction of Bayes optimal rules in a wide variety of problem formulations. We compare adaptive enrichment designs with traditional nonadaptive designs in a broad range of examples and draw clear conclusions about the potential benefits of adaptive enrichment.
Experimental Findings about the Fluorescence Emission of Generation 4.0 and 4.5 Polyamidoamine Dendrimers
Authors: E. Ybarra David , Igartúa Daniela E. , del V. Alonso Silvia , C. Alvira Fernando 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhysicochemical characterization of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 4.0 amine‐terminated (DG4.0) and 4.5 carboxy‐ended (DG4.5) was done. We have measured the pKa of the inner tertiary amine, the surface primary‐amine, and carboxyl‐terminal groups. We have conducted UV‐Vis absorption and fluorescence emission experiments as a function of pH. We have made a 4th derivative analysis of the UV‐Vis absorption experiments and compare the results with classical amide such as dimethylformamide. Our results have permitted us to calculate the pKa of the groups sensible to the pH in both dendrimers and compare the results with theoretical studies. On the one hand, the pKa values found for DG4.0 were 10.0±0.5 and 7.1±0.2, for primary and tertiary amines groups, respectively. On the other hand, the pKa values found for the DG4.5 were 3.5±0.7 and 6.8±0.4, for the carboxylic and tertiary amine groups. Our experimental results agree with theoretical ones. We offer probes that the dendrimers have two non‐traditional fluorophores, where one of them is the inner amide bond. The dendrimers show fluorescence emission in all the tested pH.
Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Using an Ionic Liquid as Alternative Solvent: Morphometric, Mechanical and Biological Properties
Authors: Da Silva Bernardo A. , Valério Alexsandra , Cesca Karina , Hotza Dachamir , Gómez González Sergio Yesid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIonic liquids (IL) are a greener alternative to aggressive organic solvents used for biopolymers dissolution in the electrospinning process. Nevertheless, the effect of IL on the properties of the electrospun materials is still a gap. In this work, we obtain polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun mats using two solvents, either trichloromethane (CHCl3) – a conventional toxic and carcinogenic solvent – or 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl), an ionic liquid. The differences between the respective electrospun products were assessed through the scaffold's morphology, mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. The use of IL resulted in the formation of textured thinner fibers, enhancing the surface area in 43 %. IL induced a lower rupture stress and elongation of the mats of 34 and 39 %, respectively, while the elastic modulus and yield stress did not present significant differences. The cytotoxicity assays using L929 cells detected a number of viable cells slightly higher for the scaffold produced with IL. Cell interaction tests also revealed that L929 cells adhere and proliferate on both scaffolds. However, the cell adhesion was higher for the mats fabricated using IL. Beyond the results, this work sheds light on the pros and cons of tissue engineering scaffolds produced with the aid of less hazardous solvents.
P‐doped TiO2 Nanofibers Decorated with Ag Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity under Simulated Solar Light
Authors: Ghafoor Samina , Aftab Faryal , Rauf Ali , Duran Hatice , Kirchhoff Katrin , Arshad Salman N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report the synthesis of titania nanofibers (TNF) of ∼195 nm mean diameter doped with phosphorus through one‐pot electrospinning followed by decoration of Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The Ag NPs of ∼8 nm size on 2 % P‐doped TNFs (Ag‐PTNFs) showed excellent photocatalytic activity for the reduction of Cr(VI), under simulated solar light, with ∼100 % conversion to Cr(III) in 90 min at pH 3 with a pseudo‐first order rate constant of 0.085 min−1 that is 96.5 % higher than TNFs. The Ag‐PTNFs also exhibited excellent photodegradation of methylene blue with pseudo‐first order rate constant of 0.052 min−1 which is 82.7 % better than TNFs. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ag‐PTNFs is attributed to the reduced band‐gap, increased charge separation and reduced recombination rates. A proposed photocatalytic mechanism based on the synergistic effect of both Ag and P doping is presented which highlights the potential of these composite materials for water remediation.
Evaluation of a Tubulin‐Targeted Pyrimidine Indole Hybrid Molecule as an Anticancer Agent
Authors: Bose Chandra , Banerjee Priyanjalee , Kundu Jayanta , Dutta Biswadeb , Ghosh Indranil , Sinha Shreya , Ghosh Argha , Barua Abhishek , Gupta Shalini , Das Ujjal , Jana Siddhartha S. , Sinha Surajit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeveral small molecules targeting microtubule dynamics have been developed because microtubules are considered to be one of the most successful cancer chemotherapeutic targets. In this regard, taxol is most worthy to mention which stabilizes microtubule polymer thereby causing defectsinmitotic spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and cell division resulting in cancer inhibition. In this direction, we have earlier reported a small molecule called Pyrimidine‐Indole‐Hybrid (PIH (P)) which was found to inhibit ciliogenesis by inhibiting both the acetylation and polymerization of tubulin subunits. Here, we have evaluated the anticancer activities of PIH (P) and its water soluble derivatives. Three water soluble derivatives of PIH (P) namely 6 A, 6B and 6 C were synthesized. Among PIH (P) series of compounds, PIH (P) and 6 C were found to be the most potent compounds showing anti‐proliferative and cytoskeletal disrupting activities against MCF‐7 cells. Not only that, PIH (P) and 6 C also showed a promising effect in preventing cancer cell migration, invasion and colony‐formation and helped to reduce spheroid formation by several‐folds. They have potential to inhibit the activity of proteins (N‐Cadherin, Vimentin) responsible for Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Hence, this class of compound could be a new antimitotic agent that is different from taxol with respect to mechanism, particularly by destabilizing tubulin rather than causing stabilization.
Mechanochemically Induced Chalcogenation of Bicyclic Arenes under Solvent‐, Ligand‐, Metal‐, and Oxidant‐Free Conditions
Authors: Panja Subir , Paul Biprajit , Jalal Swapnadeep , Ghosh Tubai , Ranu Brindaban C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA convenient method has been developed for the synthesis of biarenyl chalcogenides through the interaction of bicyclic arenes and diaryl dichalcogenides on the surface of basic alumina under ball milling without any metal catalyst or solvent. This methodology shows wide substrate scope and is of high potential in organic synthesis due to its green aspects of ease of operation, shorter reaction time, ambient conditions and high yields.
Recent Progress on NiFe‐Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Jia , Zhang Ji‐Jie , Li Zhao‐Yang , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe seriousness of the energy crisis and the environmental impact of global anthropogenic activities have led to an urgent need to develop efficient and green fuels. Hydrogen, as a promising alternative resource that is produced in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner by a water splitting reaction, has attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, the large‐scale application of water splitting devices is hindered predominantly by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. Therefore, the design and exploration of high‐performing OER electrocatalysts is a critical objective. Considering their low prices, abundant reserves, and intrinsic activities, NiFe‐based bimetal compounds are widely studied as excellent OER electrocatalysts. Moreover, recent progress on NiFe‐based OER electrocatalysts in alkaline environments is comprehensively and systematically introduced through various catalyst families including NiFe‐layered hydroxides, metal–organic frameworks, NiFe‐based (oxy)hydroxides, NiFe‐based oxides, NiFe alloys, and NiFe‐based nonoxides. This review briefly introduces the advanced NiFe‐based OER materials and their corresponding reaction mechanisms. Finally, the challenges inherent to and possible strategies for producing extraordinary NiFe‐based electrocatalysts are discussed.
Construction and characterization of a zinc‐inducible gene expression vector in fission yeast
Authors: Takahata Shinya , Asanuma Takahiro , Mori Miyuki , Murakami Yota 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGene expression vectors are useful and important tools that are commonly used in a variety of experiments, including expression of foreign genes, functional analysis of genes of interest and complementation experiments. In this study, a hybrid promoter, combining the adh1+ upstream activating sequence (UAS) of fission yeast and the GAL10 core promoter of budding yeast, was constructed to enable high level expression depending on the presence of zinc in culture medium for fission yeast. When the hybrid promoter was cloned on the multicopy plasmid, it was fully induced and repressed within 10 h in the presence and absence of zinc, respectively. The kinetics of induction and reduction were similar to those of the endogenous adh1+ mRNA. In contrast, native adh1+ promoter lost its tight repression in zinc‐depleted condition when it was cloned on the plasmid. Because adh1+ UAS‐specific transcription factors have not yet been identified, we identified UAS elements involved in zinc sensing by characterizing this hybrid promoter. We also found that the expression level increased by the TATA box mutation, GATAA, in the presence of zinc.
The large-N limit of the 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 superconformal index
Authors: Cabo-Bizet Alejandro , Cassani Davide , Martelli Dario , Murthy Sameer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe systematically analyze the large-Nlimit of the superconformal index of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 superconformal theories having a quiver description. The index of these theories is known in terms of unitary matrix integrals, which we calculate using the recently-developed technique of elliptic extension. This technique allows us to easily evaluate the integral as a sum over saddle points of an effective action in the limit where the rank of the gauge group is infinite. For a generic quiver theory under consideration, we find a special family of saddles whose effective action takes a universal form controlled by the anomaly coefficients of the theory. This family includes the known supersymmetric black hole solution in the holographically dual AdS5theories. We then analyze the index refined by turning on flavor chemical potentials. We show that, for a certain range of chemical potentials, the effective action again takes a universal cubic form that is controlled by the anomaly coefficients of the theory. Finally, we present a large class of solutions to the saddle-point equations which are labelled by group homomorphisms of finite abelian groups of orderNinto the torus.