bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the experience with pediatric written requests issued for oncology drug products
Authors: Akalu Alemayehu Y. , Meng Xi , Reaman Gregory H. , Ma Lian , Yuan Weishi , Ye Jingjing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPediatric anticancer drug development has numerous challenges. The Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) and the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) were passed to address pediatric drug development deficiencies in general. Until recently, the requirements for pediatric evaluation of most oncology products developed for adult cancers have been waived. Because children typically do not have the same type of cancers, which occur commonly in adults, or the indication or drug had been granted an orphan designation, PREA therefore has had no impact. Pediatric studies for labeling updates are largely done through BPCA by a written request (WR) issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Because the cancers that occur in pediatric and adult populations do not share the same etiology or natural history, there are limited opportunities to extrapolate adult efficacy and safety to the pediatric population. The characteristics of individual pediatric studies included in WRs have varied greatly over time.ProcedureIn this study, we searched WRs that were issued by the FDA since 2001. We found 40 such requests issued for oncology drugs and biologics, which had been accepted by sponsors.ResultsClinical trials included in 23 of the WRs have been concluded, 19 have resulted in exclusivity, and three drugs that were studied have been approved for use in pediatric populations. Herein, we present the spectrum of WRs from a regulatory, study design, dosing, formulation, analysis plan, evidentiary standard of efficacy, and safety perspective.ConclusionsThis provides information on requests issued in the past nearly 20 years and studies that are completed. As WRs have provided the only regulatory mechanism to assure pediatric cancer drug development, this can potentially provide insight on how pediatric cancer drug development may change in the future.
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with regional nodal involvement: Results of a combined analysis from two cooperative groups
Authors: Gallego Soledad , Chi Yueh‐Yun , De Salvo Gian Luca , Li Minjie , Merks Johannes H.M. , Rodeberg David A. , van Scheltinga Sheila Terwisscha , Mascarenhas Leo , Orbach Daniel , Jenney Meriel , Million Lynn , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Wolden Suzanne , Zanetti Ilaria , Parham David M. , Mandeville Henry , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Bisogno Gianni , Hawkins Douglas S. ,   European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group and Children's Oncology Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of children and adolescents with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) and regional nodal involvement (N1) have been approached differently by North American and European cooperative groups. In order to define a better therapeutic strategy, we analyzed two studies conducted between 2005 and 2016 by the European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) and Children's Oncology Group (COG).MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients with ARMS N1 enrolled in either EpSSG RMS2005 or in COG ARST0531. Chemotherapy in RMS2005 comprised ifosfamide + vincristine + dactinomycin + doxorubicin (IVADo), IVA and maintenance (vinorelbine, cyclophosphamide); in ARST0531, it consisted of either vincristine + dactinomycin + cyclophosphamide (VAC) or VAC alternating with vincristine + irinotecan (VI). Local treatment was similar in both protocols.ResultsThe analysis of the clinical characteristics of 239 patients showed some differences between study groups: in RMS2005, advanced Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRS) and large tumors predominated. There were no differences in outcomes between the two groups: 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS), 49% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39‐59) and 44% (95% CI: 30‐58), and overall survival (OS), 51% (95% CI: 41‐61) and 53.6% (95% CI: 40‐68) in RMS2005 and ARST0531, respectively. In RMS2005, EFS of patients with FOXO1‐positive tumors was significantly inferior to those with FOXO1‐negative (49.3% vs 73%, P = .034). In contrast, in ARST0531, EFS of patients with FOXO1‐positive tumors was 45% compared with 43.8% for those with FOXO1‐negative.ConclusionsThe outcome of patients with ARMS N1 was similar in both protocols. However, patients with FOXO1 fusion‐negative tumors enrolled in RMS2005 showed a significantly better outcome, suggesting that different strategies of chemotherapy may have an impact in the outcome of this subgroup of patients.
Identification of suitable sites for large‐scale photovoltaic installations through a geographic information system and analytical hierarchy process combination: A case study in Marrakesh‐Safi region, Morocco
Authors: Ouchani Fatima‐zahra , Jbaihi Ouafae , Maaroufi Mohammed , Ghennioui Abdellatif 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an assessment of the large‐scale photovoltaic (PV) potential in the region of Marrakesh‐Safi, Morocco, has been carried out. Considering the significant solar resources that the country possesses, the purpose of this investigation was to highlight suitable sites for a PV power plant. To this end, multicriteria decision making (MCDM) analysis and geographic information system (GIS) tools were combined. Several criteria were taken into account, namely, the constraints related to the system installation and environmental conditions. To the best of our knowledge, no study has considered the wind speed as a criterion for PV site selection. Such a criterion has a cooling effect on the technology itself and also affects the stability of the PV panel mounting system. Results reveal that 74% of the study area was considered suitable to host PV power plants. An analytical hierarchy process (AHP) analysis was conducted to evaluate the adopted criteria and a ranking map was generated for the appropriate surface using GIS tools. Results demonstrate that 24.3% of the suitable area was qualified as highly suitable according to calculations. These findings help stakeholders to select the highest ranked sites, ensuring a high score from a technical and economic point of view.
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 57)
Authors: Green Martin , Dunlop Ewan , Hohl‐Ebinger Jochen , Yoshita Masahiro , Kopidakis Nikos , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since June 2020 are reviewed. In this issue, charts showing efficiency improvements since 1993 are included as well as cell and module area definitions and an updated list of recognized test centres.
The race for the best silicon bottom cell: Efficiency and cost evaluation of perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Messmer Christoph , Goraya Baljeet S. , Nold Sebastian , Schulze Patricia S.C. , Sittinger Volker , Schön Jonas , Goldschmidt Jan Christoph , Bivour Martin , Glunz Stefan W. , Hermle Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPerovskite–silicon tandem solar cells have shown a rapid progress within the past 5 years in terms of their research cell efficiency and are currently being investigated as candidates for the next generation of industrial PV devices. This raises the question of which silicon bottom cell will be most suitable for tandem application. Currently, the silicon heterojunction (SHJ) technology dominates in tandem research achieving world records. However, it is an open issue of how to transfer these research results to industrial mass production, which is driven by cost reduction and resource efficiency and includes challenges like upscaling and long‐term stability. Therefore, it is highly relevant for the PV industry to get reliable and predictive estimates on the efficiency and cost potential, as well as technologically feasible solutions. In this work, we elaborate on silicon bottom cell concepts based on the PERC, TOPCon, and SHJ technology combined with two different interconnection concepts. For each tandem device, the efficiency potential is investigated by means of an experimentally validated simulation model. Second, we evaluate the bottom cell concepts in terms of all‐in cell costs per piece. Bringing the efficiency potential and cost evaluation together allows us to assess the different tandem cell concepts in terms of all‐in module cost per watt peak. Our results show that perovskite–silicon tandem devices are promising candidates to significantly reduce the levelized cost of electricity and, in particular, that the “race” for the best silicon bottom cell is still open to all the investigated bottom cell technologies.
Persistent homology and application on residues 1 to 28 of amyloid beta peptide
Authors: Gao Yaru , Lei Fengchun , Li Shu Xiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article combines the principal component analysis (PCA) with persistent homology for applications in biomolecular data analysis. We extend the technique of persistent homology to localized weighted persistent homology to fit the properties of molecules. We introduce this novel PCA in the study of the folding process of residues 1 to 28 of amyloid beta peptide in solution. We are able to determine seven metastable states of amyloid beta 1 to 28 using homology of dimension 2, corresponding to seven local minimums in the free energy landscape. We also give the transition information between the seven types and the disconnectivity graph. Our result is very robust under change of parameters. Furthermore persistent homology of dimension 1 also give consistent results. This method can be applied to different peptides and molecules.
Effects of amino acid modifications on the permeability of the pentameric sarcolipin channel
Authors: Cao Yipeng , Yang Rui , Sun Jiana , Zhang Wenwen , Lee Imshik , Wang Wei , Meng Xiangfei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSarcolipin (SLN) is an important transmembrane (TM) protein encoded by long noncoding RNA. SLN is expressed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and regulates cardiac and skeletal muscle contractions. SLN forms a pentameric hydrophobic ligand‐gated ion channel. The protonation of Glu7 (protonated SLN, pSLN) and mutation of Thr18 to Ala18 (T18A) have been reported to exert a significant influence on the permeability of the channel. In this study, the altered permeability of both the pSLN and T18A pentameric channels was simulated. Combined with molecular dynamics simulation, the free‐energy landscape for single ions, computational electrophysiology, diffusion coefficient, and pore geometrical characteristic analyses were performed to further understand the properties of amino acid modifications in the SLN pentameric channel. The results suggest that both the pSLN and T18A pentameric channels form stable hydrophobic ligand‐gated channels. The TM voltage has a positive effect on the permeability of water molecules and ions. By using pSLN and T18A, our study provides helpful information on the pore‐forming mechanism of SLN and furthers our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the permeation of ions and water molecules in the pentameric SLN channel.
A replicating stem-like cell that contributes to bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced heterotopic bone formation
Authors: Mejia Julio , Salisbury Elizabeth , Sonnet Corinne , Gugala Zbigniew , Olmsted-Davis Elizabeth A. , Davis Alan R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced heterotopic bone formation (HBF) starts synchronously from zero upon BMP2 induction, which is advantageous for lineage tracking. The studies reported here in GLAST-CreErt2:tdTomato red (TR)floxSTOPflox mice during BMP2-induced HBF show 78.8 ± 11.6% of chondrocytes and 86.5 ± 1.9% of osteoblasts are TR+ after approximately 1 week. Clustering after single-cell RNAseq resulted in nine cell types, and analysis revealed one as a highly replicating stem-like cell (RSC). Pseudotiming suggested that the RSC transitions to a mesenchymal stem-like cell that simultaneously expresses multiple osteoblast and chondrocyte transcripts (chondro-osseous progenitor [COP]). RSCs and COPs were isolated using flow cytometry for unique surface markers. Isolated RSCs (GLAST-TR+ Hmmr+ Cd200−) and COPs (GLAST-TR+ Cd200+ Hmmr−) were injected into the muscle of mice undergoing HBF. Approximately 9% of the cells in heterotopic bone (HB) in mice receiving RSCs were GLAST-TR+, compared with less than 0.5% of the cells in mice receiving COPs, suggesting that RSCs are many times more potent than COPs. Analysis of donor-derived TR+ RSCs isolated from the engrafted HB showed approximately 50% were COPs and 45% were other cells, presumably mature bone cells, confirming the early nature of the RSCs. We next isolated RSCs from these mice (approximately 300) and injected them into a second animal, with similar findings upon analysis of HBF. Unlike other methodology, single cell RNAseq has the ability to detect rare cell populations such as RSCs. The fact that RSCs can be injected into mice and differentiate suggests their potential utility for tissue regeneration.
Preparation of Hierarchical ZSM‐5 Zeolites by in‐situ Crystallization of Mesoporous Carbon‐Silica Composite
Authors: Du Jun , Wang Yan , Wang Yan , Ma Jinghong , Li Ruifeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolites were synthesized by in‐situ crystallization of mesoporous carbon‐silica composites with a well‐ordered SBA‐15 structure. The hierarchical ZSM‐5 zeolite possessed a rather high external surface area (205 m2/g) and pore volume (0.35 cm3/g) compared with the reference ZSM‐5 zeolite, as well as higher acid‐site accessibility to large molecules. In the naphthalene benzylation reaction, the hierarchical HZSM‐5 zeolite converted approximate 50 % of benzyl chloride in 100 minutes under mild conditions and showed a high stability, which could be ascribed to the improved diffusion ability and acid‐site accessibility.
Heterogenization of Porphyrin into PCN‐222 as Oxidation Catalysts: Comparison in Terms of Reusability
Authors: Günay Semerci Tuğçe , Gönül İlkbaş  , Gülmez Berna , Çimen Mutlu Yasemin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough heterogeneous catalysts can be seperated from reaction media easily, catalyst efficiency is often decreased compared to homogeneous counterparts. In this study, catalytic oxidation of thymol and carvacrol were investigated using micron and nano‐sized PCN‐222(Fe) as heterogeneous catalysts and water soluble Fe‐porphyrin complex (FePTC) as homogeneous catalyst in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Fe‐porphyrin complexes is well‐known catalyst for oxidation reactions. PCN‐222(Fe), a Zr‐based mesoporous MOFs utilizing porphyrin as organic linker, exhibits similar catalytic performance compared to FePTC for the first use. However, higher conversion values were achieved in PCN‐222(Fe) for the second cycles compared to the homogeneous systems highlighting the importance of heterogeneous MOF system. Thymoquinone (TQ) selectivities of the carvacrol oxidation are 5 and 8 times higher than homogeneous system in the second cycle for nano‐ and micro‐PCN222(Fe), respectively. Importantly, PCN‐222(Fe) can be used for at least 3 cycles with the reduced PMS:catalyst mole ratio.
Enhancement of Operating Voltage and Temperature Range by Adding Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide as Electrolyte Additive
Authors: Han Songyi , Liu Shuling , Gao Jingxiong , Wu Jie , Yang Yang , Yan Tingfang , Sun Yuanyu , Bao Luri , Tang Weiping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElectrolytes consisting of carbonate solvents and LiPF6 readily decompose at high operating voltages, causing poor battery performances. In order to meet the needs of high voltage and high specific energy cells, electrolytes with improved electrochemical stabilities are urgently required. Here, we have introduced the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) as an electrolyte additive to accomplish this goal. Through the research in this paper, it is found that the electrolyte system with LiFSI can form more stable and uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film during the cycle, which can be used to suppress the decomposition of carbonate‐based electrolytes. Subsequently, this finding is supported by the density functional calculations and the structural analysis. LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/graphite full cells with different amounts of LiFSI additive are fabricated to demonstrate the improvement of electrochemical performance. Working at 4.4 V and 1 C, the capacity retention rate of cells with 5 wt.% LiFSI is significantly enhanced compared with non‐LiFSI (52.4 % for none and 85.0 % for 5 wt. % loading at room temperature after 120 cycles; 47.5 % for none and 80.0 % for 5 wt. % loading at 45 °C after 100 cycles).
Designed Anticancer Agent from VO(II) Complexes: Spectroscopic Characterization, Structural Optimization, and In Vitro and In Silico Assays towards Breast Cancer
Authors: Bayazeed Abrar A. , Aljuhani Enas , Morad Moataz , Abumelha Hana M. , Bawazeer Tahani M. , Al‐Ahmed Zehba A. , Saad Fawaz , Khedr Abdalla M. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNew pyrazole derivatives were synthesized and elucidated by available techniques to indicate their chemical formula. Then such derivatives were used to prepare new VO(II) complexes, based on their known biological history. Also, these complexes were fully analyzed analytical and spectral techniques to estimate their formulae. Accordingly, both of 1 : 2 and 1 : 1 molar ratios (M : L) were obtained. IR spectral data, represent basically neutral bidentate mode of bonding for the ligands towards VO(II) ion. Consequently, electronic transition (UV‐Vis) and paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra reveal parameters lead to establish structural forms which appeared as square‐pyramidal or octahedral configuration. X‐ray diffraction patterns (XRD) exhibited excellent crystallinity with nanometer particle sizes of solid complexes. Advanced conformational programs (Gaussian 09 & HyperChem 8.1) were used for geometry optimization and calculating essential indexes to assess some physical properties. A distinguish simulation was obtained to know behavior of complexes towards two breast‐cancer cell proteins (5nwh & 5nqr) that responsible for tumor growth. Moreover, in‐vitro assay, represents influential toxicity of new complexes against breast cancer cell, which superior doxorubicin itself. High compatibility between in‐vitro and in‐silico outcomes, gives credibility and confidence of results which appeared promising.
Efficient and Sustainable Synthesis of Spiroannulated Hybrid Molecules with Privileged Substructures using Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Agarwal Monu , Verma Kanchan , Kumar Tailor Yogesh , Khandelwal Sarita , Rushell Esha , Pathak Sakshi , Kumari Yogita , Awasthi Kamlendra , Kumar Mahendra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpiroannulated hybrid molecules with privileged substructures have been synthesized by an efficient and sustainable synthetic protocol involving isocyanide‐based four component reaction of benzene‐1,2‐diamine, 2‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐dione, cyclic ketones and isocyanides catalyzed by recyclable and reusable nanostructured TiO2 with Erbium(Er) doping as heterogeneous catalyst. The synthetic protocol with special features, that is, atom and step economy, operational simplicity, synthetic efficiency and superior catalytic activity with sustainability and its recyclability and reusability provided structurally diverse hybrid molecules with unique combination of privileged substructures. The present synthetic protocol will contribute significantly to drug discovery research in view of its synthetic efficiency to synthesize drug‐like molecules with structural complexity. The catalyst was successfully synthesized and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Chaos on the hypercube
Authors: Jia Yiyang , Verbaarschot Jacobus J. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We analyze the spectral properties of a d-dimensional HyperCubic (HC) lattice model originally introduced by Parisi. The U(1) gauge links of this model give rise to a magnetic flux of constant magnitude ϕ but random orientation through the faces of the hypercube. The HC model, which also can be written as a model of 2d interacting Majorana fermions, has a spectral flow that is reminiscent of Maldacena-Qi (MQ) model, and its spectrum at ϕ = 0, actually coincides with the coupling term of the MQ model. As was already shown by Parisi, at leading order in 1/d, the spectral density of this model is given by the density function of the Q-Hermite polynomials, which is also the spectral density of the double-scaled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. Parisi demonstrated this by mapping the moments of the HC model to Q-weighted sums on chord diagrams. We point out that the subleading moments of the HC model can also be mapped to weighted sums on chord diagrams, in a manner that descends from the leading moments. The HC model has a magnetic inversion symmetry that depends on both the magnitude and the orientation of the magnetic flux through the faces of the hypercube. The spectrum for fixed quantum number of this symmetry exhibits a transition from regular spectra at ϕ = 0 to chaotic spectra with spectral statistics given by the Gaussian Unitary Ensembles (GUE) for larger values of ϕ. For small magnetic flux, the ground state is gapped and is close to a Thermofield Double (TFD) state.
A string theory realization of special unitary quivers in 3 dimensions
Authors: Collinucci Andrés , Valandro Roberto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We propose a string theory realization of three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 quiver gauge theories with special unitary gauge groups. This is most easily understood in type IIA string theory with D4-branes wrapped on holomorphic curves in local K3’s, by invoking the Stückelberg mechanism. From the type IIB perspective, this is understood as simply compactifying the familiar Hanany-Witten (HW) constructions on a T3. The mirror symmetry duals are easily derived. We illustrate this with various examples of mirror pairs.
Graviballs and dark matter
Authors: Guiot B. , Borquez A. , Deur A. , Werner K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We investigate the possible existence of graviballs, a system of bound gravitons, and show that two gravitons can be bound together by their gravitational interaction. This idea connects to black hole formation by a high-energy 2 → N scattering and to the gravitational geon studied by Brill and Hartle. Our calculations rely on the formalism and techniques of quantum field theory, specifically on low-energy quantum gravity. By solving numerically the relativistic equations of motion, we have access to the space-time dynamics of the (2-gravitons) graviball formation. We argue that the graviball is a viable dark matter candidate and we compute the associated gravitational lensing.
Pure-Higgs states from the Lefschetz-Sommese theorem
Authors: Messamah I. , Van den Bleeken D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider a special class of N=4 quiver quantum mechanics relevant in the description of BPS states of D4D0 branes in type II Calabi-Yau compactifications and the corresponding 4-dimensional black holes. These quivers have two abelian nodes in addition to an arbitrary number of non-abelian nodes and satisfy some simple but stringent conditions on the set of arrows, in particular closed oriented loops are always present. The Higgs branch can be described as the vanishing locus of a section of a vector bundle over a product of a projective space with a number of Grassmannians. The Lefschetz-Sommese theorem then allows to separate induced from intrinsic cohomology which leads to the notion of pure-Higgs states. We compute explicit formulae for an index counting these pure-Higgs states and prove — for this special class of quivers — some previously stated conjectures about them.