bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Y-27632 Promotes the Repair Effect of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells on Corneal Endothelial Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Weijie , Shao Chunyi , Yu Fei , Chen Junzhao , Fu Yao , Fan Xianqun 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:To investigate the proliferation of umbilical cord blood–derived endothelial progenitor cells (UCB EPCs) and the differentiation efficiency toward corneal endothelial cell (CEC)-like cells induced by rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 and to determine the most effective strategy for repairing corneal endothelium injuries in rabbits.Methods:UCB EPCs were cultured in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium-2 (EGM-2) media or conditioned media (CM) from human CECs, with and without the addition of Y-27632. Bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocytochemistry and cell counting kit-8 assays were used to examine the proliferation of the cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunocytochemistry were used to detect the CEC markers. Nd:YAG laser was used to establish an appropriate endothelium injury model based on rabbit corneas. The following intracameral injections were then performed to repair the model: 100 μL Opti-MEM I reduced serum medium (model group), 2 × 105UCB EPCs diluted in 100 μL Opti-MEM I reduced serum medium (EPC group), 100 μM Y-27632 diluted in 100 μL Opti-MEM I reduced serum medium (Y-27632 group), and 2 × 105UCB EPCs supplemented with 100 μM Y-27632 (final volume 100 μL, EPC/Y-27632 group). The follow-up tests focused on corneal transparency, central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and in vivo confocal microscopy, which were performed to evaluate the healing of the wounds.Results:Culturing UCB EPCs in CM supplemented with 10 μM Y-27632 resulted in higher proliferation rates compared with EGM-2 media and CM. There were significantly improved protein levels of Zona Occludens 1, N-cadherin, Na+-K+-ATPase α1, Na+-K+-ATPase β1, and Pax6 and improved mRNA levels of collagen type IV and VIII and AQP1. The combined intracameral injection of Y-27632 and UCB EPCs accelerated the recovery of corneal transparency, regression of corneal edema, and healing of the corneal endothelium compared with the injections of Y-27632 and UCB EPCs on their own.Conclusions:Y-27632 not only promotes the proliferation of UCB EPCs but also contributes to differentiation of UCB EPCs toward CECs in the presence of CM. The intracameral injection of Y-27632 itself promotes the healing of corneal endothelium wounds. On this basis, supplementing UCB EPCs with Y-27632 accelerates the healing of corneal endothelium wounds.
Effects of Nonporous Silica Nanoparticles on Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells
Authors: Kim Martha , Park Joo-Hee , Jeong Hyejoong , Hong Jinkee , Park Choul Yong 
Published: October 2020

Precis:
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), which are potential drug carriers for glaucoma treatment, may induce mild dose-dependent cytotoxicity but not so severe as to compromise a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in immortalized trabecular meshwork (TM) cells.

Purpose:
Nanoparticle-based ophthalmic drug delivery is a promising field of drug development. In this study, we evaluated the effect of nonporous SiNPs on human TM cells.

Methods:
TM cells were exposed to different concentrations (0 to 100 µg/mL) of SiNPs (50, 100, and 150 nm) for up to 48 hours. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the intracellular distribution of SiNPs. Cellular viability assay, reactive oxygen species generation, autophagy, and activation of the mTOR pathway were evaluated. Histologic analysis of the TM structure was performed after intracameral injection of SiNPs (0.05 mL of 200 µg/mL concentration) in rabbits.

Results:
SiNPs were taken up by TM cells and localized in the cytoplasm. Neither nuclear entry nor mitochondrial damage was observed. SiNPs induced a mild but dose-dependent increase of lactate dehydrogenase. However, neither increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels nor apoptosis was observed after SiNPs exposure. Significant coactivation of autophagy and the mTOR pathway were observed with exposure to SiNPs. Aqueous plexus structure was well maintained without inflammation in rabbits after SiNPs exposure.

Conclusions:
SiNPs induce mild and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in TM cells. However, the toxicity level is not enough to compromise the mTOR pathway of TM cells and histologic structure of the aqueous plexus tissue.
Why Vancomycin Is Overly Prescribed Despite the Lack of Supporting Microbiological Data
Authors: YaddolahiFar Mohaddeseh , Sheybani Fereshte , Eslami Saeid , Taherzadeh Zhila , Naderi HamidReza , Mohseni Maryam , Zakeri Elmira , Khosravi Nasrin 
Published: October 2020

Objective
To develop a concept map in order to evaluate the factors associated with continuing of vancomycin after 48 to 72 hours of prescription despite the lack of supporting microbiological data.

Methods
This study was conducted in a teaching hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, between January 2017 and March 2017. After demonstrating the high rate of overuse and inappropriate use of vancomycin in our teaching hospital in the first arm of the study, we attempted to evaluate the factors associated with this behavior by developing a concept map. In this study, cluster approach of concept mapping was used and the importance of statements was scored by using the 5-point Likert method (1 for the lowest score and 5 for the highest score).

Results
Twenty-one physicians were participated, with a male to female ratio of 2. During the brainstorming session, about 25 statements were generated, which eventually resulted in sorting of 16 appropriate statements. The highest scored statements for continuing vancomycin after 48 to 72 hours of prescription in the absence of supporting microbiological data was worries and concerns of physicians regarding critically ill status of patients (score, 3.76) and lack of updated information on microbiological spectrum and antimicrobial resistance pattern of infections at the regional level (score, 3.57). In the final cluster analysis, the mean of importance of a cluster consisted of “health care system-physician related factors” was scored highest (score, 3.2), as compared with other created clusters.

Conclusions
According to the result of our study, improving vancomycin use requires more effective education of basic principles of diagnosis of infectious clinical syndromes and the concept of deescalation of antibiotics. It should also address physicians' concerns about the management of critically ill septic patients. In addition, providing the physicians with updated information on microbiological spectrum and antimicrobial resistance pattern of infections at the regional level can be effective in improving vancomycin prescription behavior.
Unveiling the basis of antiretroviral therapy-induced osteopenia: the effects of Dolutegravir, Darunavir and Atazanavir on osteogenesis
Authors: Cazzaniga Alessandra , Scrimieri Roberta , Galli Massimo , Maier Jeanette , Rusconi Stefano 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Osteopenia is frequent in HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and has been linked to increased osteoclastogenesis. Little is known about the effects of ART on osteogenesis.

Design:
We investigated the effect on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and osteoblasts of Darunavir and Dolutegravir, the most highly used as anchor drugs within a three-drug regimen, and Atazanavir, which was widely utilized in the past.

Results:
We found that Atazanavir and Dolutegravir delay the osteogenic differentiation of hMSC, impair the activity of osteoblasts and inhibit their conversion into osteocytes, whereas Darunavir exerts no effect.

Conclusion:
Atazanavir and Dolutegravir impair osteogenesis. It is essential to diagnose impaired osteogenesis early and to devise effective therapeutic interventions to preserve bone health in ART-treated HIV patients, putting it in the context of a correct antiretroviral combination.
Achieving maternal viral load suppression for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in South Africa
Authors: Moyo Faith , Mazanderani Ahmad Haeri , Murray Tanya , Sherman Gayle G. , Kufa Tendesayi 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To describe changes in maternal viral control over time in South African women living with HIV (WLHIV) using surveillance data from the National Health Laboratory Service's Corporate Data Warehouse (NHLS CDW).

Design:
A retrospective cohort analysis of maternal viral load during pregnancy and up to 15 months postpartum was performed amongst WLHIV (15–49 years) within the public-health sector between 2016 and 2017.

Methods:
HIV and pregnancy-related test data were used to create a synthetic cohort of pregnant WLHIV from the NHLS CDW. Syphilis-screening, in association with ward type and/or postpregnancy cervical screening and/or birth HIV test and/or positive β-hCG, was used as a proxy for pregnancy. The syphilis-screening date marked the first antenatal care visit (fANC). Fractional polynomial models described viral load evolution from fANC up to 15 months postdelivery. Piecewise linear regression models determined factors associated with viral load decline.

Findings:
Among 178 319 pregnant WLHIV, 345 174 viral load tests were performed [median = 2 (IQR: 2–3) per woman]. At fANC, 85 545 (48%) women were antiretroviral therapy (ART) experienced; 88 877 (49.8%) were not and 3897 (2.2%) unknown. Proportions of viraemia (viral load ≥50 copies/ml) were 39 756 (53.6%) at first viral load performed during pregnancy, 14 780 (36.9%) at delivery and 24 328 (33.5%) postpartum. Maternal age at least 25 years, CD4+ cell count at least 500 cells/μl and viral load less than 50 copies/ml at baseline predicted sustained viral load suppression during follow-up.

Conclusion:
Despite high-ART coverage among pregnant women in South Africa, only 63% of WLHIV achieved viral load less than 50 copies/ml at delivery. Maternal viral load monitoring requires prioritization for maternal health and eMTCT.
Modeling the cost-effectiveness of point-of-care platforms for infant diagnosis of HIV in sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Salvatore Phillip P. , de Broucker Gatien , Vojnov Lara , Moss William J. , Dowdy David W. , Sutcliffe Catherine G. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Early infant diagnosis of HIV (EID) improves child survival through earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In many settings, ART initiation is hindered by delays in testing performed in centralized labs. Point-of-care (PoC) platforms offer opportunities to improve the timeliness of ART initiation.

Methods:
We used a mathematical model to estimate the costs and performance of on-site PoC testing using three platforms (m-PIMA, GeneXpert IV, and GeneXpert Edge) compared with the standard of care (SoC). Primary outcomes included ART initiation within 60 days of sample collection, HIV-related mortality before ART initiation, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

Results:
PoC testing significantly increased ART initiation within 60 days (from 19% with SoC to 82–84% with PoC) and decreased HIV-related mortality (from 23% with SoC to 5% with PoC). ART initiation and mortality were similar across PoC platforms. When only used for EID and with high coverage of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs, ICERs for PoC testing compared with the SoC ranged from $430 to $1097 per additional infant on ART within 60 days and from $1527 to $3888 per death averted. PoC-based testing was more cost-effective in settings with lower PMTCT coverage, greater delays in the SoC, and when PoC instruments could be integrated with other disease programs.

Conclusion:
Our findings illustrate that PoC platforms can dramatically improve the timeliness of EID and linkage to HIV care. The cost-effectiveness of PoC platforms depends on the cost of PoC testing, existing access to diagnostic testing, and the ability to integrate PoC testing with non-EID programs.
Adult Medulloblastoma Depicted With 99mTc-HYNIC-[D-Phe1, Tyr3-Octreotide] SPECT/CT
Authors: Spyridonidis Trifon , Papathanasiou Nikolaos , Spiliotopoulou Maria , Papadimitropoulos Costas , Apostolopoulos Dimitrios J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Although medulloblastoma constitutes the second most common malignant brain tumor in children, it encountered very rarely in adults. The incidence of adult medulloblastoma is approximately 0.6 to 1 case per million. It accounts for less than 1% of adult brain tumors and is located most commonly at the posterior cranial fossa. We present an extremely rare case of a 67-year-old man with cerebellar medulloblastoma with residual disease after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, depicted with 99mTc-HYNIC-[D-Phe1, Tyr3-Octreotide] SPECT/CT. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy was performed for staging and for the possibility of treatment with somatostatin analogs or peptide radionuclide therapy.
Feasibility of Using Posterior Auricular Artery as Landmark for Identification of Facial Nerve Trunk in Parotid Surgery: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Reddy Gontu Gopi Satya Sai , Verma Roshan K. , Devarapalli Naga Surya Prakash , Sahni Daisy , Bakshi Jaimanti , Panda Naresh K. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Despite good surgical knowledge of the anatomy of parotid gland and meticulous surgical technique, the incidence of facial palsy in parotid surgeries is up to 26.7% transient and 1.7% complete facial palsy(1). The risk of facial palsy increases further in malignant and revision cases.

Method:
Superficial parotidectomy was done in 14 cadaveric hemi faces in 10 cadavers. Posterior auricular artery and its stylomastoid branch was dissected and facial nerve trunk was identified in all cases. The relationship of posterior auricular artery along with its stylomastoid branch with the facial nerve trunk was studied and recorded.

Result:
Posterior auricular artery was found running inferior to the facial nerve trunk in 12 cadaveric dissection while the posterior auricular artery was found crossing below the main trunk of facial in 2 cadaver dissection. The average distance between PAA and facial nerve trunk was 7 mm (2–14 mm) Stylomastoid artery was found arising from Posterior auricular artery in 12 of 14 and it was found running medial to the facial nerve trunk in all the 8 cadavers.

Conclusion:
Post auricular artery can be used as another landmark for identification of the main trunk of facial nerve in parotid surgeries.
Measurement Matters: Changing Penalty Calculations under the Hospital Acquired Condition Reduction Program (HACRP) Cost Hospitals Millions
Authors: Vsevolozhskaya Olga A. , Manz Karina C. , Zephyr Pierre M. , Waters Teresa M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince October 2014, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has penalized 25% of U.S. hospitals with the highest rates of hospital-acquired conditions under the Hospital Acquired Conditions Reduction Program (HACRP). While early evaluations of the HACRP program reported cumulative reductions in hospital-acquired conditions, more recent studies have not found a clear association between receipt of the HACRP penalty and hospital quality of care. We posit that some of this disconnect may be driven by frequent scoring updates. The sensitivity of the HACRP penalties to updates in the program’s scoring methodology has not been independently evaluated.MethodsWe used hospital discharge records from 14 states to evaluate the association between changes in HACRP scoring methodology and corresponding shifts in penalty status. To isolate the impact of changes in scoring methods over time, we used FY2018 hospital performance data to calculate total HAC scores using FY2015 through FY2018 CMS scoring methodologies.ResultsComparing hospital penalty status based on various HACRP scoring methodologies over time, we found a significant overlap between penalized hospitals when using FY 2015 and 2016 scoring methodologies (95%) and between FY 2017 and 2018 methodologies (46%), but substantial differences across early vs later years. Only 15% of hospitals were eligible for penalties across all four years. We also found significant changes in a hospital’s (relative) ranking across the various years, indicating that shifts in penalty status were not driven by small changes in HAC scores clustered around the penalty threshold.ConclusionsHACRP penalties have been highly sensitive to program updates, which are generally announced after performance periods are concluded. This disconnect between performance and penalties calls into question the ability of the HACRP to improve patient safety as intended.
Cash management and performance of index mutual funds
Authors: de Mingo-López Diego Víctor , Matallín-Sáez Juan Carlos , Soler-Domínguez Amparo 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study aims to assess the relationship between cash management and fund performance in index fund portfolios.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 104 index mutual funds that track the Standard and Poor 500 stock market index from January 1999 to December 2016, the authors employ quintile portfolios and different regression models to assess the differences in risk-adjusted monthly returns experienced by index funds managing different cash levels in their portfolios. To ensure the robustness of the results, different sub-periods and market states are considered in the analyses as well as other exogenous factors and fund characteristics affecting the level of portfolio cash holdings and index fund performance.FindingsResults show that index funds holding higher levels of cash and cash equivalents performed significantly worse than their low-cash counterparts. This evidence remains even after considering different sub-periods and bullish and bearish market conditions and controlling for fund expenses and other variables that could drive this cash-performance relationship.Originality/valueThis study expands the extant literature analyzing cash management in the mutual fund industry. More specifically, the analyses focus on index fund portfolios that replicate a specific benchmark, given that their performance differences should not be related to the market evolution but to the factors derived from the fund management and other exogenous issues. These findings are of interest to managers and investors willing to improve their risk-adjusted returns while investing as diversified as a stock market index.
Virtual reality services in academic libraries: deployment experience in Hong Kong
Authors: Suen Rosalinda Lok Ting , Chiu Dickson K.W. , Tang Jeff K.T. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Virtual Reality (VR) has become a popular topic recently, and the quality of immersive experience nowadays is beyond our imagination. While VR applications for entertainment are common, it is a new and popular trend in academic libraries. Although many academic libraries in the West have started to provide VR services to catch up with the trend, the deployment is not quite popular in the East. This research aims to identify the reasons behind such phenomenon.

Design/methodology/approach
This research explores this phenomenon by studying two selected cases through interviews, site visits, and website/document analysis: the CAVE of the City University of Hong Kong Library and the VR Experience Zone of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Library.

Findings
The findings indicated that VR library services are well-received and meeting user needs. However, the major limitations of using VR in academic libraries are technical capability, space and budget, causing libraries to hesitate in introducing and developing VR services.

Originality/value
Scant studies focus on the development, management and user feedback of VR services in academic libraries, especially in the East. Based on the findings, possible solutions for academic libraries interested in taking part in this trend are suggested.
Actions beyond regulatory compliances: perceived climate strategy proactivity in Indian companies
Authors: Kant Nikhil 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to assess the perceptions of stakeholders as regards the practices of Indian companiesvis-à-visclimate change seeking underpinnings from stakeholder theory and collecting data using a structured questionnaire.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used a descriptive analytical research design based on the data collected from a diverse sample of stakeholders of Indian companies through a cross-sectional, self-administered online survey questionnaire.FindingsThe study attaching significance to the stakeholders’ perception as a useful tool underscores that Indian companies have started to engage in preventive measures to minimize the externalities of climate crisis taking cognizance of the stakeholders’ interests amidst their increased awareness, also underlining that their perceptions substantially determine climate strategy proactivity (CSP) in their quest of competitive advantage beyond regulatory compliances. The study finds that incessant growth in the stakeholder awareness has not left companies to remain reluctant from analyzing effects and adopting suitable strategies in India also which, as a fast growing developing country, has witnessed immense growth in the post-liberalization era.Research limitations/implicationsThis study would help decision-makers in businesses, policymakers, practitioners and standard-setters by providing further insights on the relevance of stakeholders’ perspectives in CSP in the developing countries. Stakeholders’ perceptions though representing varied categories hint that the actions beyond regulatory compliances need to be in focus in future studies.Originality/valueThe paper elaborates the significance of CSP in developing countries to eliminate the impact of inadequacies that previous studies undertook primarily in developed countries have failed in contextualizing these issues of developing countries.
Campus greening from social sciences: emerging formulas on social responsibility and teaching innovation
Authors: Martinez-Buján Raquel , Santiago-Gómez Elvira , Diz Carlos , Cortes-Vazquez Jose A. , Golías Montserrat 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to show how the Green Campus Program has been implemented at the Faculty of Sociology of the University of A Coruña (Spain). It describes the criteria used to create teaching sustainability actions related to community engagement to introduce education for sustainable development into college curricula.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on a human-centered design model approach, as well as on transformative teaching theories, this study explores the criteria used to build the Free Classroom based on a participatory model.

Findings
The authors argue that the success of this activity depends on how it relates to the theme-based specialization of the different academic degrees through which they are managed. Equally important is the creation of permanent spaces that enable the collaboration of other organizations, such as non-governmental associations and local public administrations.

Originality/value
The findings provide valuable insights into how the social dimension of sustainability in higher education institutions can be emphasized. A model of implementation of the activities is offered under which academic, political, student and community agents are coordinated to favor the change of attitudes and behaviors to strengthen SD.