bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Force Based Model for Automated Surface Roughness Prediction in Slot Milling
Authors: Sarhan A. , Nasr A. A. , El-Zahry R. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Study was carried out to analyze the dynamic cutting signals of slot-milling process, in order to design automated on-line tool and surface roughness monitoring strategies, based on indices extracted from these signals, to automatically monitor and control surface roughness in slot milling.
Especially designed and manufactured sensitive strain gage dynamometer was used to measure slot-milling radial and tangential forces during milling cycle. The dynamometer was calibrated in static and dynamic ranges.
The effect of flank wear width on the magnitude of the cutting force harmonics was constructed as function of axial depth of cut, feed rate per tooth, specific cutting pressure of work material and instantaneous angle of rotation. The results were plotted at various cutting conditions in time and frequency domains.
The tool wear was measured in an off-line manner using the tool maker’s microscope and interrelationships of cutting force harmonics and tool wear magnitude were constructed and were used in the computer simulation. Surface roughness was measured using surface meter (Surtronic 3+) with a portable printer.
The cutting force signal harmonics were used to establish the proposed force based model to predict the surface roughness of the workpiece machined in slot-milling and examining this system by another experimental tests to define the reliability of the system and to define the percentage error of the system model. Hence, an index named as surface index (S.I) is extracted from ratio between first force amplitude at first significant frequency and first surface amplitude at the same frequency, to predict the surface roughness of the workpiece machined in slot-milling. This is to be employed in automated on-line quality management (monitoring and control) strategy.
Analytical Method for Mapping Function to Failure During High-Risk Component Development
Authors: Tumer Irem Y. , Stone Robert B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Communicating failure mode information during design and manufacturing is a crucial task for failure prevention. Most processes use Failure Modes and Effects types of analyses, as well as prior knowledge and experience, to determine the potential modes of failures a product might encounter during its lifetime. When new products are being considered and designed, this knowledge and information is expanded upon to help designers extrapolate based on their similarity with existing products and the potential design tradeoffs. This paper makes use of similarities and tradeoffs that exist between different failure modes based on the functionality of each component/product. In this light, a function-failure method is developed to help the design of new products with solutions for functions that eliminate or reduce the potential of a failure mode. The method is applied to a simplified rotating machinery example in this paper, and is proposed as a means to account for helicopter failure modes during design and production, addressing stringent safety and performance requirements for NASA applications.
Automatic Setup Planning and Operation Sequencing for Satisfying Tolerance Requirements
Authors: Wu Yuguang , Gao Shuming , Chen Zichen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a novel approach to automatic setup planning and operation sequencing of a part is proposed. The critical tolerance feature sets of the part are first identified by comparing the tolerance specifications with the capabilities of machine tools. Then, based on the concepts of critical tolerance feature set, the feature model of the part is decomposed into a series of identical setup feature (ISF) sets, each of which corresponds to a setup candidate. Finally, according to geometric precedence and tolerance precedence among features, the reasonable machining operations of features with multiple machining operations are determined, the ISF sets are sequenced and merged. Compared to previous work, the approach can generate the setup plan by which the part can be machined to satisfy the required tolerances. The approach also has high efficiency.
An Impact Analysis Methodology for Design of Products and Processes for Reliability and Quality
Authors: He David , Adamyan Angela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an impact analysis methodology for design of products and processes for reliability and quality. Some important aspects in design of products and processes are to be able to estimate the impact of possible failures on product/process reliability and quality and be able to identify design alternatives that enhance product and process reliability and quality. The methodology presented in this paper combines the structural and qualitative analysis of Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) techniques with dynamic and qualitative analysis of Petri net modeling approach and is able to analyze multiple failure effect and their impacts on reliability and quality of product and process design.
Form Follows Function: Case-Based Learning Over Product Evolution
Authors: Verma Manish , Wood William H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The product design process operates over user needs to develop functional specifications which are further developed into physical forms. Manufacturing information fed into function-based design provides an effective tool for this function to form transformation. Multidisciplinary teams formed across the supply chain are charged with this process for large-scale product development. For small enterprises, however, integrating manufacturing information into the design process is more difficult. We propose a design by analogy approach based on design cases and associated manufacturing and life cycle information as an aid to product design. Reverse engineering of existing products over product generations is proposed as a source for the design cases. Potential metrics to differentiate good and bad cases are discussed. Ten different varieties of computer mice are used as a test case in this study.
The Machine Designs Behind Reference Free Part Encapsulation Fixturing
Authors: Lee Elmer , Sarma Sanjay 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Reference Free Part Encapsulation (RFPE) is an automatic, universal workholding process developed by the researchers at MIT and Berkeley. In RFPE, a block of filler material encapsulates the workpiece and provides a fixturing surface, and after each machining operation, the filler block is re-filled with material to restore it to a perfect block. This paper shall describe the machines developed to test and demonstrate the theories and practices described by Reference Free Part Encapsulation. This paper will show the similarities of the encapsulation process to such manufacturing processes as die casting and injection molding. However, it shall also show that many intrinsic differences exist between the encapsulation process and an injection molding or die casting process. Two encapsulation machines will be presented. The first is a larger encapsulation machine capable of forming encapsulations with a 6″ by 6″ footprint. The second, a much smaller portable machine, capable of forming encapsulations with a 2″ by 2″ footprint, will also be presented. Special features of each encapsulation machine shall be highlighted and various design decisions shall be discussed.
Offset Blending Applied to Virtual Package Design
Authors: Narayanaswami Ranga , Ahuja Lalit 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses work towards developing a packaging solution on a virtual platform. Specifically, it addresses the techniques investigated to create a mold (package) for a single product item that needs to be packaged. Packaging in the context of this paper refers to designing packages for solids. It addresses the issues of offset and vertex blending that arises during the process of creating a mold-like package design for a product. The goal of package design in this paper is to create an aesthetic mold that can be manufactured easily. Simple polygonal patches have been considered for small offsets while cubic rectangular, triangular and n-sided Bezier patches have been discussed to blend the offset planes when the amount of offset is large, leading to larger gaps between planes.
Modeling Variation Propagation of Multi-Station Assembly Systems With Compliant Parts
Authors: Camelio Jaime A. , Hu S. Jack , Ceglarek Dariusz J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Products made of compliant sheet metals are widely used in automotive, aerospace, appliance and electronics industries. One of the most important challenges for the assembly process of such compliant parts is the assembly dimensional quality, which affects product functionality and performance. This paper develops a methodology to evaluate the dimensional variation propagation in a multi-station compliant assembly system based on linear mechanics and a state space representation. Three sources of variation are analyzed, part variation, fixture variation and weld gun variation. The proposed method is illustrated through a case study on automotive body assembly.
An Interactive Aid for Designing and Planning Heterogeneous Layered Prototypes
Authors: Clark Jonathan , Xia Liba , Cutkosky Mark R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We describe a Java process editor to assist designers with the creation of complex, multi-material prototypes via a layered manufacturing process. Designers should generally participate in the manufacturing planning of such parts because many planning decisions are based on functional considerations. For maximum flexibility, the process planning tool should work in a collaborative environment with multiple CAD systems. These considerations have lead us to develop an interactive editor that is built atop a Java agent infrastructure and communicates with commercial CAD systems via their applications programming interfaces.
Strategic Decisions in the Early Stages of Product Family Design
Authors: Maier Jonathan R. A. , Fadel Georges M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The realization that designing products in families can and does have significant technological and economic advantages over traditional single product design has motivated increasing interest in recent years in formal design tools and methodologies for product family design. However, currently there is no guidance for designers in the first key strategic decisions of product family design, in particular determining the type of product family to design. Hence in this paper, first a taxonomy of different types of product families is presented which consists of seven types of product families, categorized based on number of products and time of product introduction. Next a methodology is introduced to aid designers in determining which type of product family is appropriate, based upon early knowledge about the nature of the intended product(s) and their intended market(s). From this information it also follows both which manufacturing paradigm and which fundamental design strategies are appropriate for the product family. Finally the proposed methodology is illustrated through a case study examining a family of whitewater kayaks.
Integrating Market Research With the Product Development Process: A Step Towards Design for Profit
Authors: Gupta Satyandra K. , Samuel Anoop K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a systematic approach for integrating market research with the product development process. The following three problems are addressed in this paper. First, a demand estimation algorithm has been developed based on conjoint measurement techniques. Second, an integrated design decision model has been developed. The main components of this design decision model are representation of available design options using AND/OR tree based representation, and an evaluation procedure for evaluating profit resulting from a design option. Third, a heuristic search technique has been developed that makes use of the design decision model to select the design option that maximizes the profit. Integration of market research with the product development process is expected to result in the following two benefits. First, it will reduce the number of design iterations. Second, it will help the design team in finding the most profitable product designs.
An Approach to Decision-Based Design
Authors: Wassenaar Henk Jan , Chen Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present the importance of using a single-criterion approach to Decision-Based Design (DBD) by examining the flaws and limitations of multicriteria approaches. We propose in this paper an approach to DBD as an enhancement to Hazelrigg’s DBD framework that utilizes the economic benefit to the producer as the single criterion in alternative selection. The technique of Discrete Choice Analysis (DCA) is introduced for constructing a product demand model, which is crucial for the evaluations of both profit and production cost. An academic universal motor design problem illustrates the proposed DBD approach. It appears that DBD, when applied correctly, is capable of unambiguously selecting the preferred alternative in a rigorous manner. Open research issues related to implementing the DBD approach are raised. The focus of our study is on demonstrating the approach rather than the design results per se.
Spatial Reasoning About Mechanical Behaviors
Authors: Kara Levent Burak , Stahovich Thomas F. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We describe an approach that uses causal reasoning and geometric reasoning to construct explanations for the purposes of the geometric features on the parts of a mechanical device. To identify the purpose of a feature, the device is simulated with and without the feature. The simulations are then translated into a “causal-process” representation, which allows qualitatively important differences to be identified. These differences reveal behaviors that the feature causes to occur and those it prevents from occurring. The focus of this paper is geometric reasoning techniques that reveal causal relationships between the caused and prevented behaviors. For example, these techniques can determine if a particular caused behavior is responsible for preventing a particular prevented behavior.
An Investigation of Catalogued Product Development Information at a Major Consumer Products Company
Authors: Hoffman Timothy J. , Shooter Steven B. , Szykman Simon , Fenves Steven J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A study of product development practices at a major consumer product manufacturer, referred to as Company X, was undertaken to compare its methods to an earlier effort in modeling the flow of information in product design, referred to as the Design Information Flow Model. The model considers the recognized need in industry for the seamless capture, storage, and retrieval of design information. The research at Company X focused on the front end of product design, that is, the conceptual phase. It was learned that design, as defined by the Information Flow Model, is well represented at the front end of the company’s design process. However, this validation effort succeeded in uncovering certain voids, particularly in later states of the model. It was also learned that product documentation quality and quantity at Company X vary from project to project, indicating an important aspect to consider in our efforts to enhance computer-aided product design is the user.
Modularization to Support Multiple Brand Platforms
Authors: Sudjianto Agus , Otto Kevin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Methods to determine acceptable architecture for multiple platforms supporting multiple brands must represent both platform cost saving commonization as well as revenue enhancing brand distinctions. Functional architecting methods determine modularization based upon functional concerns. Brand identity is additionally determined by sensory aesthetics. We introduce three architecting rules to maintain brand identity in platforms. A dominant theme must be ensured on each product of a brand, and this must be transferred to each product’s specifications and aesthetics. Elements critical to brand identity must be made common across all products in a brand. For any platform, brand specific elements must be maintained unique on each product variant. The set of elements not identified as a brand carrier can be made common to a platform. A matrix representation of each platform and its supported brand variants is useful as an architecting tool.
Towards a Model-Based Framework for Linking Design Requirements to the Functional Layout of the Product
Authors: Nilsson Patrik , Fagerström Björn 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to bridge the gap between the requirements and the functional layout of a product during the early phases of product development. During these early phases, it is important to capture the customer’s desires in order to achieve success in the market. A common methodology for this is Quality Function Deployment (QFD). However, we argue that it is important to consider different stakeholder needs and not only the ‘voice of the customer’ to create a well-balanced product. The proposed model uses a QFD with a broader approach in which different stakeholders are considered. The needs from the stakeholders are divided into functional requirements and non-functional requirements (constraints), and linked to the functional layout. The model will support the decision-making process and help the designer balance the interests of different stakeholders and the related functions, resulting in a more balanced product. The model has been applied in an industrial case study.
Functional Modeling Experimental Studies
Authors: Kurfman Mark A. , Stone Robert B. , Rajan Jagan R. , Wood Kristin L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As more design methodologies are researched and developed, the question arises as to whether these new methodologies are actually advancing the field of engineering design or instead cluttering the field with more theories. There is a critical need to test new methodologies for their contribution to the field of design engineering. This paper presents the results of research attempts to substantiate repeatability claims of the functional model derivation method. Three experiments are constructed and carried out with a participant pool that possesses a range of engineering design skill levels. The experiments test the utility of the functional model derivation method to produce repeatable functional models for a given product among different designers. Results indicate the method is largely successful and identify its key strengths as well as opportunities for improvement.
A View of Design Theory and Methodology From the Standpoint of Design Freedom
Authors: Wood William H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
While significant progress has been made in design theory and methodology research, no unifying theories have resulted. This paper proposes a preliminary definition of design freedom and uses it as a frame of reference for relating various design theories and methods. This exercise produces two main findings: first, that design freedom is a central concept to most design theories, and second that few design methods deal explicitly with design freedom. A design process model that explicitly includes design freedom is proposed as a unifying framework for design theory and methodology.
Educating for Global Product Realization on a Global Scale
Authors: Horváth Imre , van Breemen Ernest , Dutta Debasish , Yip-Hoi Derek , Kim Jongwon , Lee Kunwoo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Three universities on three continents co-operated in teaching global product realization. The Global Product Realization (GPR) course is a highly innovative course in which virtual classrooms and workshops have been formed via ISDN lines, internet facilities and other information technological means representing the state-of-the-technology. This paper gives an insight into the background, the goals, and the implementation of the course. It also outlines the course contents, the layout, and the supporting infrastructure. The GPR course is based on three backbones: academic lectures, company case studies, and a product development project. Parallel to learning of the theoretical and practical backgrounds from academic and industry experts, the international student groups were busy with the development of a global product. It was a coffeemaker for the American, Dutch and Korean markets. The results achieved by the students were presented at the GPR Closing Workshop and Exhibition, where all participants came together to meet the media and the interested parties from academia and industry. The GPR course is a good example of a successful utilization of the opportunities offered by the latest technologies for the implementation of global design and manufacturing in a global environment.
The Effects on Critical Load of Metal-Matrix Composite Plates With a Hole Under In-Plane Loadings
Authors: Okumuş F. , Turgut A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Metal-matrix composite plates consists of several layers of unidirectionally reinforced, fibrous composite laminae which have different in-plane orientations and are bonded together in a certain stacking sequence. Thus, they provide new materials with superior properties of high strength and stiffness.
This study deals with analysis of rectangular metal-matrix composite laminates with circular holes under in-plane static loadings. The first-order shear deformation theory is employed in mathematical formulation. The effects on critical load by hole size, ply lamination geometry, plate thickness ratio, loading types and material modulus ratio have been investigated.
The finite element method is used for finding critical loads. Numerical solutions are given in graphical forms.
Dynamic Track Tension of High Mobility Tracked Vehicles
Authors: Choi J. H. , Ryu H. S. , Bae D. S. , Huh G. S. , Park D. C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, dynamic track tension for high mobility tracked vehicle is investigated by multibody dynamic simulation techniques. This research focuses on a heavy military tracked vehicle which has sophisticated suspension and rubber bushed track systems. In order to obtain accurate dynamic track tension of track subsystems, each track link is modeled as a body which has six degrees of freedom. A compliant bushing element is used to connect track links. Various virtual proving ground models are developed to observe dynamic changes of the track tension. The dynamic track tensions are monitored at several stationary hull points and points on the track link itself. The effects of pre-tensions, traction forces, turning resistances, sprocket torques, ground profiles, and vehicle speeds, for dynamic responses of track tensions are explored, respectively. Numerical studies of the dynamic track tension are validated against the experimental measurements.
Coupling of Multibody and Control Simulation Tools for the Design of Mechatronic Systems
Authors: Vaculín Ondřej , Krüger Wolf-Reiner , Spieck Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the increasing importance of integrating different simulation tools into concurrent design environments, the demands on model complexity and interdisciplinarity have led to a growing number of interfaces between the various tools. This paper presents examples of such interfaces for the connection between multibody simulation and computer-aided control engineering tools. The interfaces introduced in this paper are classified. The application of the different interfaces is presented in two examples. Both are dealing with control of semi-active suspensions, but different methodologies are applied.