bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An update on vessel preparation in lower limb arterial intervention
Authors: Ormiston William , Dyer-Hartnett Shelagh , Fernando Rukshan , Holden Andrew 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Plain balloon angioplasty has traditionally been used to treat lower limb arterial disease but can be limited by significant residual stenosis, vessel recoil, dissection, and by late restenosis. Appropriate vessel preparation may significantly improve short and long-term outcomes. We aim to give an overview of some of the devices currently available, or under investigation, for vessel preparation in the lower limb.

Main text
Vessel preparation devices include those that remove plaque (atherectomy devices) and those that modify plaque.
The four groups of plaque removing atherectomy devices are defined by their plaque removal method: Directional, rotational orbital and excimer laser are categories of devices investigated for plaque modification.
Intravascular lithotripsy devices generate sonic pulsatile pressure waves that pass into the vessel wall cracking calcified plaques whilst sparing soft tissue. This enables dilatation of calcified lesions at low pressure by conventional balloons and enables full stent expansion.
Other balloon based vessel preparation devices were designed to modify plaque and produce more controlled, lower pressure luminal expansion without major dissections and potentially with less recoil than conventional angioplasty balloons. Scoring balloons have a helical nitinol element attached to the balloon that scores plaque facilitating uniform luminal enlargement. Further specialty balloons have been developed in recent years, including the Chocolate, Phoenix and Serranator balloons. Finally, the temporary Spur self-expanding retrievable nitinol stent has a series of radially aligned spurs that are driven into the vessel wall by post-dilatation, potentially improving drug delivery.

Conclusion
Lesion specific vessel preparation aims to improve both short and long term outcomes through improved penetration of anti-proliferative drug, maximising luminal gain, reducing the need for stent placement and minimising intimal injury. Some forms of vessel preparation appear to improve short term outcomes; long-term outcomes remain uncertain. An overview of some of the multiple devices available for vessel preparation is presented.
CT chest findings in patients infected with COVID-19: review of literature
Authors: Hefeda Mohamed Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease causing severe respiratory distress syndrome that was first discovered by the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China.

Main text
A wide variety of CT findings in COVID-19 have been reported in different studies, and the CT findings differ according to the stage of the disease and disease severity and associated co-morbidities. We will discuss each sign separately and its importance in diagnosis and prognosis.

Conclusion
CT plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 pneumonia. The typical appearance of COVID-19 pneumonia is bilateral patchy areas of ground glass infiltration, more in the lower lobes. The appearance of other signs like consolidation, air bronchogram, crazy pavement appearance, and air bubble signs appear during the course of the disease. In the context of pandemic, the CT chest can be used as a screening tool in symptomatic patients as it is cheaper, available, and time saving.
Improvement in Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Acromegaly Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Broersen Leonie H A , Zamanipoor Najafabadi Amir H , Pereira Alberto M , Dekkers Olaf M , van Furth Wouter R , Biermasz Nienke R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Whereas biochemical response is often used as a primary study outcome, improvement in symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is the relevant goal for patients to consider treatment successful. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of treatment on symptoms and HRQoL in acromegaly.

Methods
Seven electronic databases were searched for longitudinal studies assessing patient-reported symptoms or HRQoL in acromegaly. Meta-analyses were performed to assess differences during treatment for the Acromegaly Quality of Life Questionnaire (AcroQoL) and Patient-Assessed Acromegaly Symptom Questionnaire (PASQ), and standardized mean difference (SMD) for individual symptoms (interpretation: 0.2 small, 0.5 moderate, and 0.8 large effect). Treatment-naive and previously treated patients were assessed separately.

Results
Forty-six studies with 3301 patients were included; 24 contributed to quantitative analyses. Thirty-six studies used medication as main treatment, 1 transsphenoidal adenomectomy, and 9 various treatments. Symptoms and HRQoL both improved: AcroQoL increased 2.9 points (95% CI, 0.5 to 5.3 points), PASQ decreased –2.3 points (95% CI, –1.3 to –3.3 points), and individual symptom scores decreased for paresthesia –0.9 (95% CI, –0.6 to –1.2), hyperhidrosis –0.4 (95% CI, –0.1 to –0.6), fatigue –0.3 (95% CI, –0.1 to –0.6), arthralgia –0.3 (95% CI, –0.1 to –0.5), headache –0.3 (95% CI, 0.0 to –0.6), and soft-tissue swelling –0.2 (95% CI, 0.0 to –0.4).

Conclusion
Symptoms and HRQoL improved during acromegaly treatment. Consensus is needed on which symptoms should be included in a potential core outcome set, taking into account symptom frequency, severity, and sensitivity to change, which can be used in clinical practice and as outcome in trials.
Efficacy of Micronized Progesterone for Sleep: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial Data
Authors: Nolan Brendan J , Liang Bonnie , Cheung Ada S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Preclinical data has shown progesterone metabolites improve sleep parameters through positive allosteric modulation of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess micronized progesterone treatment on sleep outcomes.

Evidence Acquisition
Using preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials of micronized progesterone treatment on sleep outcomes up to March 31, 2020. This study is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, number CRD42020165981. A random effects model was used for quantitative analysis.

Evidence Synthesis
Our search strategy retrieved 9 randomized controlled trials comprising 388 participants. One additional unpublished trial was found. Eight trials enrolled postmenopausal women. Compared with placebo, micronized progesterone improved various sleep parameters as measured by polysomnography, including total sleep time and sleep onset latency, though studies were inconsistent. Meta-analysis of 4 trials favored micronized progesterone for sleep onset latency (effect size, 7.10; confidence interval [CI] 1.30, 12.91) but not total sleep time (effect size, 20.72; CI -0.16, 41.59) or sleep efficiency (effect size, 1.31; CI -2.09, 4.70). Self-reported sleep outcomes improved in most trials. Concomitant estradiol administration and improvement in vasomotor symptoms limit conclusions in some studies.

Conclusions
Micronized progesterone improves various sleep outcomes in randomized controlled trials, predominantly in studies enrolling postmenopausal women. Further research could evaluate the efficacy of micronized progesterone monotherapy using polysomnography or validated questionnaires in larger cohorts.
A IDEIA DE EQUILÍBRIO POLÍTICO DE BENJAMIN CONSTANT NO CONSTITUCIONALISMO BRASILEIRO: PODER JUDICIÁRIO COMO NOVO PODER MODERADOR?
Authors: Lima Martonio Mont'Alverne Barreto , Gonçalves Ítalo Reis 
Published: November 2020

Objetivo: Partindo da hipótese de que, no Brasil redemocratizado, o Poder Judiciário desempenha função análoga à do Poder Moderador da Constituição Imperial de 1824 e promove acúmulo de poder e desequilíbrio político, o artigo busca apresentar criticamente alguns dos principais postulados da teoria constitucional de limitação de poder de Benjamin Constant e, com base nesta, investigar a atuação jurídico-política dos juízes e tribunais nacionais (em especial, do Supremo Tribunal Federal), que desempenham papel fundamental na dinâmica democrática do País.Metodologia: Adota-se, quanto à natureza, metodologia aplicada, pois pretende oferecer respostas práticas sobre a jurisdição constitucional no Brasil; quanto ao objetivo, metodologia explicativa, pois pretende delimitar a relação entre a teoria de Benjamin Constant e a judicialização da política, assim como identificar algumas das principais consequências desse fenômeno para a democracia nacional; quanto à abordagem do problema, metodologia qualitativa, pois pretende analisar e interpretar a expansão funcional dos juízes e tribunais sobre controvérsias políticas e morais sem limitá-la a elementos numéricos específicos. Através principalmente de revisão bibliográfica, investigação legislativa e análise de casos, desenvolve-se pesquisa verticalizada sobre a temática proposta.Resultados: Conclui-se que a ideia de manutenção de equilíbrio político através da atuação majoritária de juízes e tribunais, novos pretensos agentes externos, neutros e reativos, viabiliza que o Poder Judiciário ultrapasse as suas amarras constitucionais e decida qualquer controvérsia política ilimitadamente, usurpando a soberania popular e fragilizando o pacto democrático estabelecido pela Constituição Federal de 1988. A solução para o desequilíbrio político não reside na autoridade de um agente político superior; mas sim na ativa atuação política popular e efetivação do sistema de freios e contrapesos.Contribuições: O artigo, através de análise histórico-política das bases teóricas do constitucionalismo nacional, elucida alguns dos mais relevantes pontos da teoria de Benjamin Constant e de como esta foi recepcionada pelo constitucionalismo nacional e ainda oferece algumas possíveis explanações sobre a judicialização da política brasileira e a sua influência sobre o delineamento jurídico-político do Brasil redemocratizado.
Institutionalizing research capacity strengthening in LMICs: A systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Vicente-Crespo Marta , Agunbiade Ojo , Eyers John , Thorogood Margaret , Fonn Sharon 
Published: November 2020

Background: Evidence on effective strategies to ensure sustainability of research capacity strengthening interventions in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) institutions is lacking. This systematic review identified publications describing research capacity building programs and noted their effect, their contexts, and the mechanisms, processes and social actors employed in them. Methods: We searched online databases for the period 2011-2018. Inclusion criteria were that the publications 1) described the intervention; 2) were implemented in LMICs; 3) were based in, or relevant to, university staff or post docs; 4) aimed to improve research capacity; 5) aimed to effect change at the institutional level. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full text in consecutive rounds, a third resolved disagreements. Two people extracted the data of each full text using a data extraction tool covering data relevant to our question. Results: In total 4052 citations were identified and 19 papers were included, which referred to 14 interventions. Only three interventions mentioned using a conceptual framework to develop their approach and none described using a theory of change to assess outcomes. The most frequent inputs described were some method of formal training, promotion of a research-conducive environment and establishment of research support systems. A range of outcomes were reported, most frequently an increased number of publications and proportion of staff with PhDs. When factors of success were discussed, this was attributed to a rigorous approach to implementation, adequate funding, and local buy-in. Those who mentioned sustainability linked it to availability of funds and local buy-in. The lack of a common lexicon and a framework against which to report outcomes made comparison between initiatives difficult. Conclusions: The reduced number of interventions that met the inclusion criteria suggests that programs should be well-described, evaluated systematically, and findings published so that the research capacity strengthening community can extract important lessons.
Transition from Cohabitation to Marriage. The Role of Marital Attitudes in Seven Western and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Žilinčíková Zuzana , Hiekel Nicole 
Published: November 2020

Using longitudinal panel data from the Generations and Gender Surveys on 2,847 cohabiters from seven countries, we examine the role of marital attitudes in the transition from cohabitation to marriage and compare the strength of this association between Western and Eastern Europe. We expect a positive attitude towards marriage to increase the likelihood of cohabiters marrying. We also expect the association between personal attitudes and marriage formation to be weaker among cohabiters from Eastern Europe, due to stronger normative pressure to marry in contexts where cohabitation is less prevalent.
In both Eastern and Western European countries, we find a clear positive association between favourable views on marriage among cohabiters and their entry into marriage. Contrary to our expectations, we find evidence that this association is weaker in Western Europe. We discuss this finding in light of the greater postponement of marriage among Western European cohabiters, even among those with a positive attitude towards marriage, as well as the potentially greater significance of life course events and transitions that influence their decision to marry more strongly than is the case for their Eastern European counterparts.
This study extends the literature on the relationship trajectories of cohabiters by drawing attention to the normative context that may shape cohabiters’ opportunities and constrain behavioural choice in the marriage formation process. Ultimately, it contributes to an understanding of the consequences of the societal diffusion of cohabitation in Europe.
Profiling Indonesian Medical Tourists: A Motivation-Based Segmentation Study
Authors: Angela Jeanny , Suryono Ivan Budi , Wijaya Serli 
Published: November 2020

In the past few decades, the number of Indonesians who travel abroad for medicaltourism has increased dramatically. A literature review has indicated that researchinvestigating the underlying motivational factors for Indonesians to travel overseasfor medical treatment is still a few. Therefore, this study aimed to segment theIndonesian medical tourists based on push and pull travel motivation constructs.Exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis techniques were applied to analyzethe data. A survey was completed to 192 Indonesians who have had a medical travelÂ experience overseas. The results of this study revealed four push motivational factors and three pull motivational factors. Based on this push and pull factors, three differentÂ medical tourist segments were identified: trendy, prudent, and opportunisticÂ segments. The emergence of these three segments would require different approachesÂ and strategies for tourism stakeholders to serve each segment better.
Digital skrivestøtte
Authors: Steiner Pål , Langseth Henry , Rødland Ingunn , Tonning Anne Sissel Vedvik 
Published: November 2020

Skriving er en grunnleggende akademisk ferdighet som fremmer kritisk tenkning, læring, dialog og formidling. Videre er skriving en ferdighet som studenten må lære og utvikle gjennom hele studieløpet, for å bli del av det faglige fellesskapet og i forberedelse av yrkeslivet. Samtidig er skriving en generisk ferdighet som ikke enkelt kan læres i et auditorium, men som heller utvikles best gjennom praktisk øvelse, diskusjon og felles refleksjon rundt konkrete tekster. Likevel vet vi at denne siden av studentenes utvikling lett neglisjeres i konkurranse med faglig undervisning.
Akademisk skrivestøtte krever en sammensatt faglig kompetanse. Ved Universitetet i Bergen har Utdanningsutvalget derfor bedt Universitetsbiblioteket (UB) om å koordinere prosjektet "Akademisk skrivestøtte ved UiB" som skal vurdere og foreslå ulike modeller for fysisk og digital skrivestøtte, og som iverksetter piloter for skrivestøtte i utvalgte fag.
Som en del av prosjektet har vi særlig undersøkt former for digital skrivestøtte. Dette har ledet til underprosjektet "Tekst og kildebruk i digital læring", støttet av NB, hvor det er vår målsetning å styrke samarbeidet mellom bibliotekarer og faglærere, og sammen finne gode metoder for å utvikle digitale kursopplegg der opplæring i skriving og informasjonskompetanse er integrert i den faglige undervisningen. Med andre ord; kursopplegg hvor man lærer å skrive og skriver for å lære.
I denne presentasjonen ser vi nærmere på hvorfor biblioteket må ha en nøkkelrolle i utviklingen av slike program for skrivelæring. Videre tar vi for oss hvordan vi har samarbeidet med andre enheter på universitetet for å finne og prøve ut metoder for digital skrivestøtte i faglig læring. Vi har flere positive erfaringer av samarbeidet mellom de involverte i prosjektet, men det har også vært utfordringer. Hva vil det si å delta i et samarbeidsprosjekt på tvers av enheter, avdelinger og fakultet, og hvilken betydning har det at prosjektet er forankret i øverste ledelse ved universitetet?
Missale Nidrosiense 500 år
Authors: Fürtig Peggy , Langø Inger 
Published: November 2020

I 2019 feirer vi 500-årsjubileum for Norges eldste, trykte bok; Missale Nidrosiense. Verket eksisterer i flere eksemplarer, og NTNU Gunnerusbiblioteket eier to av dem.
Missale Nidrosiense ble en del av Norges dokumentarv i 2014, hvilket viser dokumentets store kulturhistoriske betydning. Verket ble trykt i 1519 på bestilling av erkebiskop i Nidaros, Erik Valkendorf, fordi erkebiskopen ønsket å sikre en mest mulig enhetlig gudstjenestepraksis i sitt erkebispedømme. Missale Nidrosiense består av to deler; Missalet og Brevariet, der Missalet viser liturgien i gudstjenesten og skal brukes i kirka, mens Breviariet er ment som ei håndbok for presten. Gunnerusbiblioteket er Norges eldste, vitenskapelige bibliotek og våre eksemplarer av Missale har vært en del av våre samlinger siden tidlig 1800-tall.
I vår nettjeneste www.gunnerus.no tilbyr NTNU Universitetsbiblioteket en kontinuerlig voksende mengde digitale dokumenter i form av manuskripter, kart, bilder og eldre trykte bøker. Tjenesten er gratis og åpen for alle IP-adresser – også utenfor Norge. Våre eksemplarer av Missale Nidrosiense er selvsagt digitalt tilgjengelige fra www.gunnerus.no.
I 2019 ønsker vi å løfte fram Missale Nidrosienses kulturhistoriske betydning. Det gjør vi bl.a. gjennom flere planlagte arrangement. Det første arrangementet går av stabelen i Gunnerusbiblioteket 28. januar, som en del av SPOR-festivalen i Trondheim. Da stiller vi ut våre eksemplarer og et foredrag vil knyttes til dokumentene. Det planlegges også en konsert i Nidarosdomen i mars, med Den Norske kirke og biskopen i Nidaros som samarbeidspartner. Høsten 2019 planlegges det ytterligere et arrangement i samarbeid med Det Kongelige norske videnskabers selskab (DKNVS). Verket og nettjenesten blir dessuten promotert gjennom sosiale medier, og i denne forbindelsen skal vi lage en video. Videoen vil bli liggende på NTNU UB’s Youtube-kanal, men vi vil også støtte oss på Facebook og Instagram.
På VIRAK-konferansen ønsker vi å vise denne videoen som formidler den kulturhistoriske konteksten rundt Missale Nidrosiense og hvordan Gunnerusbiblioteket markedsfører og tilgjengeliggjør dette viktige dokumentet i dag.
Akademisk fagskriving på ingeniørstudiet
Authors: Almlie Gunvor Sofia 
Published: November 2020

In the Norwegian engineering education, there has been an increasing focus on writinginstruction in the last decade. Although writing in the disciplines seems to be the overall goal,the disciplines themselves are not prepared for nor equipped to provide the writing instructionthe students need.
This article attempts to measure the effect of a writing course that was given in the firstsemester of the engineering study at the University of Agder in 2018. The writing course was acollaboration between the disciplines of engineering, the university library and a writinginstructor with permanent affiliation to the Department of Engineering. The aim of thecollaboration was to gather the expertise from the disciplines and the university library in thedesign of writing courses in engineering. The survey seeks to find answers to the students'experience of the writing course, and the challenges they face in academic disciplinary writing.Answers from the students are compared with answers from conversations with studycoordinators and subject teachers in the five engineering study programs at UiA.The results show that the students find teaching and supervision useful, both to achievethe learning outcomes for the course, but also for use in other writing situations in theireducation. The problems students have with academic writing are both discipline-specific andgeneral. They experience challenges in three areas in particular: genre orientation, text structureand information literacy.
The close collaboration between the writing instructor, the library and the engineers isbridge-building and contributes to a holistic writing instruction in the engineering education.The interdisciplinary collaboration also raises the competence of all staff involved.
Comparison of quality parameters in conventional Pap smears made by endocervical brush smear and Ayre spatula
Authors: Bose Arshiya , Acharya Mousumi , Pradhan Prita , Dash Kanakalata , Senapati Urmila 
Published: November 2020

Background: Cervical Pap smear is a form of exfoliative cytology and has been widely accepted as a screening tool for cervical cancers. Among the various devices for collecting samples from cervix, wooden Ayre spatula and cytobrush are used commonly. Ayre spatula collects cells from the ectocervix whereas cytobrush from the transformation zone (TZ) and this study compares both techniques.Methods: A retrospective study was done by comparing two conventional Pap smears from all consecutive samples received in the cytopathology section of department of pathology (n=388); one with Ayre spatula and one with endocervical brush. They were compared for quality parameters like spreading and staining of cells, morphologic preservation, presence of TZ component, degree of inflammation, presence of infection and predominant cell population. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed.Results: The smears made out of Ayre spatula showed better spreading (p≤0.00001) and staining (p=0.00022) as compared with those made using endocervical brush. However, the morphological preservation was equally comparable in both. The TZ component was significantly higher in the endocervical brush smear (p=0.00001). Inflammation was comparable in both (p=0.1916). Infection was detected more in ectocervical smears (p=0.00001). The cytobrush smears showed a significantly higher detection rate of endocervical cells (p≤0.00001).Conclusions: Based on our study, we conclude that the use of both Ayre spatula and endocervical brush together ensures higher efficiency than using a single method.