RegulaÃ§Ã£o da mineraÃ§Ã£o e responsabilidade por dano ambiental: o caso do Rio Doce / Regulation of mining and liability for environmental damage: the case of Rio Doce
Authors: Ribeiro Lane Dias 
Published: August 2020

<p>Analisam-se as questÃµes relevantes envolvendo a necessidade de alteraÃ§Ã£o na lei de crimes ambientais, devido Ã ineficÃ¡cia da legislaÃ§Ã£o em vigor. A primeira parte volta-se Ã pesquisa acerca da evoluÃ§Ã£o da legislaÃ§Ã£o ambiental brasileira, um breve histÃ³rico das legislaÃ§Ãµes anteriores atÃ© a criaÃ§Ã£o da Lei de Crimes Ambientais em vigor. Na segunda parte, sÃ£o estudadas consideraÃ§Ãµes acerca do licenciamento ambiental para a exploraÃ§Ã£o do minÃ©rio no Brasil, analisando algumas regras contidas no Manual de Normas e Procedimentos para o Licenciamento Ambiental no Setor de MineraÃ§Ã£o. Na terceira parte do estudo, discorremos sobre o Caso do Rio Doce e as consequÃªncias dos danos causados em Mariana. Estudamos, tambÃ©m, sobre as sanÃ§Ãµes civis e administrativas e penais aplicadas aos casos de crimes contra o meio ambiente. Analisamos a legislaÃ§Ã£o de crimes ambientais, demonstrando sua ineficÃ¡cia com relaÃ§Ã£o a nÃ£o punir severamente o infrator. Na parte final do estudo, vimos que o Rio Doce se tornou um mar de lama, que nÃ£o houve puniÃ§Ã£o eficaz aos responsÃ¡veis pelo desastre. Constatamos a imprescindibilidade de inovaÃ§Ã£o no JudiciÃ¡rio, com a ideia de criaÃ§Ã£o de varas ambientais, e, inclusÃ£o de tipificaÃ§Ã£o sobre crimes ambientais no CÃ³digo Penal. No decorrer do trabalho, observa-se que, hÃ¡ projetos de lei em trÃ¢mite no Senado, que buscam apenas a alteraÃ§Ã£o para procedimentos administrativos, todavia, nÃ£o serÃ£o capazes de suprir a necessidade da criaÃ§Ã£o de uma nova norma acerca do assunto. Sendo assim, o que acontecerÃ¡ com a empresa Samarco e suas controladoras diante de tal desastre? E por fim, ressaltamos a necessidade de inovaÃ§Ã£o do judiciÃ¡rio, bem como, a alteraÃ§Ã£o da lei de crimes ambientais, sendo a tipificaÃ§Ã£o desses crimes inclusa no CÃ³digo Penal, para aplicaÃ§Ã£o adequada das sanÃ§Ãµes, as quais realmente sejam punitivas e preventivas.Â </p><p>Â </p><p>We analyze the relevant issues involving the need to change the law on environmental crimes, due to the ineffectiveness of the legislation in force. The first part focuses on the research on the evolution of Brazilian environmental legislation, a brief history of previous legislation until the creation of the Environmental Crimes Law in force. In the second part, considerations about the environmental licensing for the exploration of the ore in Brazil are analyzed, analyzing some rules contained in the Manual of Norms and Procedures for the Environmental Licensing in the Mining Sector. In the third part of the study, we discussed the case of Rio Doce and the consequences of the damages caused in Mariana. We also study the civil, administrative and criminal sanctions applied to cases of crimes against the environment. We analyze the legislation of environmental crimes, demonstrating its inefficacy with respect to not punishing severely the offender. In the final part of the study, we saw that the Rio Doce became a sea of mud, that there was no effective punishment for those responsible for the disaster. We note the indispensability of innovation in the Judiciary, with the idea of creating environmental sticks, and inclusion of criminalization on environmental crimes in the Penal Code. In the course of the work, it is observed that there are bills under way in the Senate, which seek only to change administrative procedures, however, will not be able to meet the need to create a new standard on the subject. So, what will happen to the company Samarco and its parent companies in the face of such a disaster? Finally, we emphasize the need for judicial innovation, as well as the amendment of the law on environmental crimes, and the criminalization of these crimes is included in the Penal Code, in order to properly apply sanctions, which are punitive and preventive.</p>