bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saturated observer‐based adaptive neural network leader‐following control of N tractors with n‐trailers with a guaranteed performance
Authors: Shojaei Khoshnam , Abdolmaleki Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the leader‐following neural network adaptive observer‐based control of N tractors connected to n trailers with the prescribed performance specifications. To propose the controller, a change of coordinates and a nonlinear error transformation are used to transform the constrained error dynamics to a new second‐order Euler‐Lagrange unconstrained error dynamics which inherits all structural properties of ith vehicle dynamic model. By combining a projection‐type neural network and an adaptive robust technique, a novel leader‐following saturated output‐feedback controller is proposed to force that ith vehicle tracks a virtual leader trajectory with the prescribed transient and steady‐state characteristics while reducing the actuator saturation risk and compensating all unknown dynamic model parameters, external disturbances, unmolded dynamics, and NN approximation errors. A saturated velocity observer is heuristically proposed to obviate the requirement for the velocity measurements of ith vehicle without any unwanted peaking. A Lyapunov‐based stability analysis is utilized to prove that all the tracking and state observation errors are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) and they converge to small bounds including the origin with a prescribed performance. At the end, computer simulations will be shown to validate the efficacy of the proposed controller in practice.
Umpolung Strategy with 2‐Aminothiophenols: Access to 2‐Arylbenzothiazine Derivatives from Alkyl Aryl Ketones
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Retailleau Pascal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStrong Brønsted acids were found to catalyze the oxidative condensation of 2‐aminothiophenols with aryl alkyl ketones in DMSO to provide a wide range of complex 2‐arylbenzothiazines. With acetophenones, dimeric 2‐arylbenzothiazines were formed. On the other hand, the reaction with propiophenones resulted in 2:1 adducts whereas 1:1 adducts were produced with isobutyrophenones, benzoylacetonitrile and ethyl benzoylacetate.magnified image
Enantioselective Synthesis of Chromanones through Organocatalytic Tandem Reactions
Authors: Lu Mengxue , Wang Xin , Xiong Zongli , Duan Jingxiang , Ren Wen , Yao Weijun , Xia Yi , Wang Zhen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn enantioselective approach to lactone‐fused chromanone derivatives from 1‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)‐1,3‐diketones and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes under mild conditions has been developed, which included organocatalytic stepwise Michael addition/ cycloketalization/hemiacetalization and followed by oxidation reaction. In the presence of chiral amine organocatalyst and an additional salicylic acid, a wide range of 1‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)‐1,3‐diketones and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes were tolerated, furnishing a spectrum of lactone‐fused tricyclic chromanones bearing three contiguous stereocenters in high yields with good to excellent selectivities (90‐>99% ee, >19:1 d.r.).magnified image
Light‐Responsive, Reversible Emulsification and Demulsification of Oil‐in‐Water Pickering Emulsions for Catalysis
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Shi Yunlei , Zhu Anlian , Zhao Yuling , Wang Huiyong , Binks Bernard P. , Wang Jianji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPickering emulsions are an excellent platform for interfacial catalysis. However, developing simple and efficient strategies to achieve product separation and catalyst and emulsifier recovery is still a challenge. Herein, we report the reversible transition between emulsification and demulsification of a light‐responsive Pickering emulsion, triggered by alternating between UV and visible light irradiation. The Pickering emulsion is fabricated from Pd‐supported silica nanoparticles, azobenzene ionic liquid surfactant, n‐octane, and water. This phase behavior is attributed to the adsorption of azobenzene ionic liquid surfactant on the surface of the nanoparticles and the light‐responsive activity of ionic liquid surfactant. The Pickering emulsion can be used as a microreactor that enables catalytic reaction, product separation as well as emulsifier and catalyst recycling. Catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons at room temperature and atmospheric pressure has been performed in this system to demonstrate product separation and emulsifier and catalyst re‐use.
Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution by Addition of Oxygen
Authors: Harwood Lucy A. , Wong Luet L. , Robertson Jeremy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKinetic resolution using biocatalysis has proven to be an excellent complementary technique to traditional asymmetric catalysis for the production of enantioenriched compounds. Resolution using oxidative enzymes produces valuable oxygenated structures for use in synthetic route development. This Minireview focuses on enzymes which catalyse the insertion of an oxygen atom into the substrate and, in so doing, can achieve oxidative kinetic resolution. The Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement, epoxidation, and hydroxylation are included, and biological advancements in enzyme development, and applications of these key enantioenriched intermediates in natural product synthesis are discussed.
Development of internal structure of polymer‐modified asphalts via transformations of the reduced frequency
Authors: Jasso Martin , Stastna Jiri , Polacco Giovanni , Cuciniello Giacomo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe independent variable of dynamic material functions and corresponding master curves, the reduced angular frequency , was transformed into the apparent molecular weight MW*. As a function of MW*, the normalized master phase angle represented an apparent cumulative molecular weight. This function's numerical differentiation yielded the probability density function of the apparent molecular weight, f(MW*). While this procedure is unproblematic in conventional (straight run) asphalts, it is yielding peaks of negative MW* in polymer modified asphalts. Thus reduced frequency was also transformed to the temperature, which allowed us to determine that the apparent glass transition temperature as the maximum on the master curve of loss modulus G"(T). The master curve of the normalized phase angle as a function of temperature helped to explain the phenomenon associated with the probability density function in modified asphalts. The results presented in this article were obtained numerically, without the use of rheological models.
An ovary‐specific mucin is associated with choriogenesis mediated by prostaglandin signaling in Spodoptera exigua
Authors: Ahmed Shabbir , Seo Kiwon , Kim Yonggyun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolytrophic ovarioles of Spodoptera exigua, a lepidopteran insect, begins with the development of oocytes and differentiation of nurse cells followed by vitellogenesis and choriogenesis. Compared with previtellogenic and vitellogenic developments, choriogenesis has not been clearly understood yet in endocrine control. This study investigated the expression and function of a mucin‐like structural protein of S. exigua called Se‐Mucin1 in choriogenesis. It was highly expressed in ovarioles containing chorionated oocytes. The expression level of Se‐Mucin1 was increased during adult stage as early as 18 h after adult emergence, reaching the maximal level at 24 h and later. Interestingly, DNA amount of Se‐Mucin1 was increased by almost four folds during early adult stage while other genes (hexokinase and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase) not directly associated with chorion formation did not show genomic DNA increase, suggesting specific gene amplification of Se‐Mucin1. RNA interference (RNAi) suppressed Se‐Mucin1 expression by injecting 1 μg of double‐strand RNA to teneral females (<5 h after emergence), which exhibited significantly impaired fecundity and egg hatching rate. Eggs laid by RNAi‐treated females were malformed in eggshell structures with loss of mesh‐like fibers. Treatment with aspirin, a prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis inhibitor, suppressed the induction of Se‐Mucin1 expression during early adult stage and impaired egg development. An addition of PGE2 significantly rescued such impairment in Se‐Mucin1 expression and subsequent egg development. These results suggest that PGs mediate choriogenesis of S. exigua by activating the expression of chorion‐associated genes including Se‐Mucin1.
Distinct Expression of Coinhibitory Molecules on Alveolar T Cells in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated and Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Nakazawa Maho , Suzuki Katsuya , Takeshita Masaru , Inamo Jun , Kamata Hirofumi , Ishii Makoto , Oyamada Yoshitaka , Oshima Hisaji , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo identify immunologic factors in the lungs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease (RA‐ILD) and patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy–associated ILD (IIM‐ILD) and to examine their pathologic mechanisms.MethodsEleven patients with RA‐ILD, 16 with IIM‐ILD, 6 with drug‐induced ILD (DI‐ILD), and 8 healthy controls were enrolled. Peripheral blood (PB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were analyzed by coculture assay with PB naive CD4+ T cells from healthy individuals and RNA sequencing.ResultsSeveral coinhibitory molecules were coexpressed on BAL fluid T cells (CTLA‐4, programmed death 1 [PD‐1], T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing protein 3 [TIM‐3], and lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein, from most to least), whereas only PD‐1 was expressed on PB T cells. CTLA‐4+PD‐1+CD4+ T cells were characteristic of RA‐ILD, whereas CTLA‐4+PD‐1+TIM‐3+CD8+ T cells were characteristic of IIM‐ILD. BAL fluid PD‐1+CD4+ T cells rarely expressed CXCR5, but their levels correlated with levels of plasmablasts and plasma cells (ρ = 0.57, P = 0.006), indicating that most of them would be considered peripheral helper T cells. In coculture experiments, AMs from patients with RA‐ILD and IIM‐ILD induced more PD‐1 and TIM‐3 on T cells (P < 0.05), suggesting that coinhibitory molecule expression on BAL fluid T cells was partly due to AMs. RNA sequencing showed significant down‐regulation of PD ligand 1/2 genes in AMs from patients with RA‐ILD compared to those with DI‐ILD.ConclusionWe have identified differences in coinhibitory molecule expression between patients with RA‐ILD and those with IIM‐ILD. PD‐1 on T cells in RA‐ILD and TIM‐3 on CD8+ T cells in IIM‐ILD might be key factors in the disease process. Evaluation of coinhibitory molecules on BAL fluid T cells could be clinically useful.
Efficacy and Safety of E6011, an Anti‐Fractalkine Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis With Inadequate Response to Methotrexate: Results of a Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Phase II Study
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Takeuchi Tsutomu , Yamanaka Hisashi , Nanki Toshihiro , Umehara Hisanori , Yasuda Nobuyuki , Tago Fumitoshi , Kitahara Yasumi , Kawakubo Makoto , Torii Kentaro , Hojo Seiichiro , Kawano Tetsu , Imai Toshio 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of E6011, a humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody against human fractalkine (FKN), in a phase II, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsPatients with moderate‐to‐severe RA who had an inadequate response to methotrexate were randomly assigned to a placebo group or to E6011 100‐mg, 200‐mg, or 400/200‐mg groups at a 2:1:2:2 ratio. During the 24‐week period, patients received the study drug subcutaneously at weeks 0, 1, and 2 and then once every 2 weeks. The primary end point was the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) response rate at week 12.ResultsStudy drugs were administered to 190 patients (placebo, n = 54; E6011 100 mg, n = 28; E6011 200 mg, n = 54; E6011 400/200 mg, n = 54), and 169 patients completed treatment. A significant difference from placebo was not found in ACR20 response rates at week 12 (37.0% [placebo], 39.3% [100 mg], 48.1% [200 mg], and 46.3% [400/200 mg], using nonresponder imputation). As a secondary end point, ACR20 response rate in the 200‐mg and 400/200‐mg groups attained statistical significance at week 24 (35.2% [placebo], 39.3% [100 mg], 53.7% [200 mg], and 57.4% [400/200 mg]). Subsequent exploratory subgroup analysis revealed greater efficacy of E6011, particularly in patients with a higher baseline proportion of CD16+ monocytes; ACR20 response rates in this patient subgroup at week 24 were 30.0% (placebo), 46.7% (100 mg), 57.7% (200 mg), and 69.6% (400/200 mg). E6011 administered for 24 weeks was well tolerated.ConclusionThis is the first evidence that E6011, a novel cell trafficking inhibitor targeting the FKN–CX3CR1 interaction, is modestly effective with 24 weeks of treatment in RA patients, although the primary end point was not met.
Cognitive Predictors of Self‐Reported Camouflaging in Autistic Adolescents
Authors: Hull Laura , Petrides K. V. , Mandy William 
Published: October 2020

Camouflaging involves masking and/or compensating for autistic characteristics and has been identified in autistic individuals through a variety of different methods. Individual variation in the extent, processes and outcomes of camouflaging has been reported in autistic adults, and there has been some investigation of camouflaging by autistic adolescents. This study was conducted to better understand how some of these individual differences emerge, by examining potential mechanisms (theory of mind, executive function, intelligence quotient and age) involved in camouflaging by 58 autistic adolescents aged 13–18 years (29 females, 29 males). Fewer executive function difficulties predicted greater use of total camouflaging strategies and the compensation subscale, but not the masking or assimilation subscales; no other predictors reached statistical significance. These findings suggest that individual differences in executive function ability may underlie variation in the use of camouflaging by adolescents. The total variance explained in the model was small, suggesting the need to examine other factors which may underpin camouflaging. The implications of this finding for the relationship between camouflaging and well‐being are discussed, along with the distinction between attempts to camouflage and the efficacy of those attempts.Lay SummaryCamouflaging involves hiding your autism or finding ways around difficulties in order to fit in during social situations. This study found that autistic teenagers with good executive function abilities camouflage their autism more than those who struggle with executive function (which includes planning, goal‐direction and memory). This may have implications for teenagers' mental health and their social functioning.
An electrogenerated chemiluminescence aptasensor for lysozyme based on the interaction between Ru(bpy)32+ and cucurbit[8]uril
Authors: Hu LiQiao , Yin Hao , Dong YongPing , Liu JingXin , Chu XiangFeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStrong anodic Ru(bpy)32+ electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) was obtained at a cucurbil[8]uril (CB[8]) modified electrode in neutral conditions without the need of an additional coreactant. An ECL aptasensor was fabricated based on the strong ECL emission as well as the host–guest interaction between DNA and CB[8]. Firstly, amino group‐terminated complementary DNA (DNA‐NH2) was firmly immobilized on CB[8]/glass carbon electrode, which could further increase ECL intensity. Then, a ferrocene group‐terminated lysozyme aptamer (Fc‐DNA) was hybridized with complementary DNA. The inhibiting effect of ferrocene on Ru(bpy)32+ ECL resulted in the apparent decrease in ECL signal. When the modified electrode was incubated in lysozyme, specific binding between lysozyme and its aptamer could release the ferrocene group from the electrode surface, and the ECL emission was recovered. As a result, an ‘on–off–on’ mode ECL aptasensor for lysozyme was fabricated. In the range 0.14–140 pg ml−1, the increased ECL intensities exhibited excellent linearity with the logarithm of lysozyme concentrations, and the detection limit was calculated as 0.093 pg ml−1 (3σ). The proposed ECL aptasensor exhibited satisfactory analytical performance, revealing the potential application of CB[n]s in an ECL sensing field.
Analytical method development and determination of hydrocortisone acetate and fusidic acid simultaneously in cream formulation, by reversed‐phase HPLC
Authors: Rasool Nawaz , Kanwal Qudsia , Waseem Muhammad , Mehrunnisa  , Khan Muhammad Irfan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, an accurate, simple, economical, precise and reproducible reversed‐phase HPLC method was developed for the estimation of fusidic acid and hydrocortisone acetate, according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, in a cream formulation. Chromatographic separation was achieved by isocratic elution, on a Shimadzu reversed‐phased high‐pressure liquid chromatography instrument, equipped with a C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and UV detector at 225 nm wavelength, using acetonitrile and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (60:40), as a mobile phase and diluent, at flow rate 2 ml/min and an injection volume of 20 μl. The calibration curves were acquired with concentration range 80–120% and mean percentage recoveries for hydrocortisone acetate and fusidic acid were 100.14 and 100.81%, respectively. The limits of detection was obtained as 6.0667 and 6.807 μm ml−1 and the limits of quantification were 20.204 and 20.628 μm ml−1 for hydrocortisone acetate and fusidic acid, respectively. All of the validation parameters were within the acceptance criteria, as per International Conference on Harmonization requirements, for hydrocortisone acetate and fusidic acid. This method was found to be validated, simple, rapid and applicable for the simultaneous estimation of hydrocortisone acetate and fusidic acid by reversed‐phased high‐pressure liquid chromatography, for routine analytical testing in quality control, with a run time of 8 min.
Digital proportional‐derivative controller implemented in low‐resource microcontrollers
Authors: Jiménez‐Ramírez Omar , Cárdenas‐Valderrama José A. , Ordoñez‐Sánchez Alejandro A. , Quiroz‐Juárez Mario A. , Vázquez‐Medina Rubén 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of software and microcontrollers helps engineering students to gain a better understanding of the different concepts and algorithms of digital control theory, which they can apply in their professional work in industrial environments. Typically, these digital control concepts and algorithms are implemented in high‐resources microcontrollers; nevertheless, we show that they can also be implemented in low‐resource devices, helping students to acquire fundamental knowledge and develop long‐term skills to solve real problems from the learning they achieve in their undergraduate educational programs in control or computer engineering. For this purpose, we provide an algorithm to synthesize a digital proportional‐derivative controller oriented to low‐resource microcontrollers (microcontrollers without floating‐point unit). This algorithm allows implementing solutions for classic controllers in low‐resource microcontrollers applied to academic and technological fields. This algorithm reduces the excessive amount of execution time in a low‐resource microcontroller, it works with integer numbers and it is designed to implement fast classical controllers, which typically are performed with floating‐point operations. Furthermore, we present a brief description of the implemented electronic circuit, serving as a guide for students to develop their own circuits. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can be successfully applied to an electromagnetic levitation system, which is commonly used in the academic training of electronics and control engineers, mainly due to its unstable nature. In this case, although the levitation system has a small time constant, the proposed algorithm appropriately leads the system to a stable regime.
Eco‐Friendly Methodology for the Formation of Aromatic Carbon–Heteroatom Bonds by Using Green Ionic Liquids
Authors: Richards Kenza , Petit Eddy , Legrand Yves‐Marie , Grison Claude 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new sustainable method is reported for the formation of aromatic carbon–heteroatom bonds under solvent‐free and mild conditions (no co‐oxidant, no strong acid and no toxic reagents) by using a new type of green ionic liquid. The bromination of methoxy arenes was chosen as a model reaction. The reaction methodology is based on only using natural sodium bromine, which is transformed into an electrophilic brominating reagent within an ionic liquid, easily prepared from the melted salt FeCl3 hexahydrate. Bromination reactions with this in‐situ‐generated reagent gave good yields and excellent regioselectivity under simple and environmentally friendly conditions. To understand the unusual bromine polarity reversal of sodium bromine without any strong oxidant, the molecular structure of the reaction medium was characterised by Raman and direct infusion electrospray ionisation mass spectroscopy (ESI‐MS). An extensive computational investigation using density functional theory methods was performed to describe a mechanism that suggests indirect oxidation of Br− through new iron adducts. The versatility of the methodology was successively applied to nitration and thiocyanation of methoxy arenes using KNO3 and KSCN in melted hexahydrated FeCl3.
The Tri(imidazole)‐Derivative Moiety: A New Category of Electron Acceptors for the Design of Crystalline Hybrid Photochromic Materials
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Fan , Han Song‐De , Wang A‐Ni , Pan Jie , Wang Guo‐Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe intermarriage of neutral and tripodal imidazole ligand, tris(4‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl)amine (TIPA), with zinc phosphite yields two hybrid phosphites, [Zn2(HPO3)2(TIPA)]⋅2 H2O (1) and [Zn3(HPO3)3(TIPA)]⋅6 H2O (2). Compound 1 has a hybrid sheet with neutral zinc‐phosphite chains as supramolecular building blocks (SBBs), whereas 2 exhibits a 3D hybrid architecture with other neutral zincophosphite chains as supramolecular building blocks. The structural discrepancy between 1 and 2 is mainly due to the distinct linkage modes between organic TIPA ligands and inorganic zincophosphite chains. Interestingly, compounds 1 and 2 feature fast photochromism in response to UV light irradiation under ambient conditions. The discrepancy of photochromic performance between 1 and 2 is mainly due to the different geometrical configuration of the TIPA ligand. Different to majority of reported hybrid photochromic compounds driven by photochromic active units, the photochromism in 1 and 2 is derived from the electron transfer (ET) between phosphite and non‐photochromic triimidazole‐derivative ligand TIPA. Compared with the widely explored nonphotochromic polypyridine‐derivative as electron acceptors (EAs), our work provides a new EA model for the design of hybrid photochromic materials based on the ligand‐to‐ligand ET mechanism. A multiple anti‐counterfeiting application based on 1 and 2 was investigated.