bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Openings and Closings in Student-to-Professor E-mails of Korean as a Foreign Language Students and KNS Students
Authors: Yoon Sang-Seok , Yoo Jeehae 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
E-mail is one of the most popular communication methods between students and instructors in a college setting, and it is necessary for a Korean as a Foreign Language (KFL) learner to be able to communicate through e-mail politely and appropriately in Korean. Previous research (e.g., Ko, 2018; Shim, 2013; Yoon & Lee, 2011) has pointed out that KFL learners were not able to use appropriate politeness strategies in writing e-mails, revealing their incompetencies in pragmatics. In this paper, we examine e-mails written by KFL and Korean Native Speakers (KNS) students, focusing on their strategies in the openings and closings. The data showed that KFL students' e-mails generally focus on the meaning of the message and do not follow a format that is appropriate between a student and an instructor in written Korean communication. This study suggests that raising students' awareness on intercultural differences between their L1 and Korean, and learning about pragmatic features, will help them to communicate through e-mail more successfully.
A Perception Study of the Korean Sibilant Fricatives in Seoul and Daegu Dialects
Authors: Cheon Sang-Yee 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
This study examines perceptual variations of the Korean sibilant fricatives /s/ and /s*/ in Seoul and Daegu dialects by Seoul and North Gyeongsang speakers. It is well known that speakers of the North and South Gyeongsang dialects have difficulty differentiating the Korean contrast /s-s*/ in either production or perception, or both. It is also widely known that younger Gyeongsang speakers are better able to distinguish the contrast /s-s*/ because of their constant exposure to Standard Korean.1 In order to explore the dialectal variations, Korean sibilant fricative stimuli were produced in three different vowel contexts, in both initial and intervocalic positions, by young adults from Seoul and Daegu. Results of statistical analyses indicate that young North Gyeongsang speakers were able to distinguish /s/ and /s*/ in the Seoul dialect. However, in the Daegu dialect, there were some complex interactions in the perception of these fricatives by both Seoul and North Gyeongsang speakers. In order to engage in further analysis and to reach concrete conclusions through extensive comparison, it is essential to examine the relationship between production and perception of different dialects, as well as the dialectal variations between them.
Rhetoric by Accident
Authors: Stormer Nathan 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis essay presents a concept of rhetoric by accident, which understands accidents in regard to the materiality of affection (i.e., the condition of being affected) and in regard to the unconditioned rhetoricity of affectability. The concept of accidental rhetoric put forth depends on the ontological condition of openness, so first affect is stipulated in relation to the porousness of material life to explain the inevitability of affection and provide the basis for understanding rhetoric by accident. Then the accident is defined in alignment with material openness. Rather than consider accidents in terms of human control over contingencies, accidents are defined by the contingency of purposiveness to affection. That affect occurs without purpose means that beings experience rhetoric without a plan (i.e., by accident). The essay then considers how rhetoric by accident is part of any particular rhetoric's existence, namely as a horizon of evolution and diversification for rhetoric.
Developments in Dissociation: Past Contexts, Present Applications, Future Implications
Authors: Anderson Amy K. , Camper Martin 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Dissociation is considered by many to be Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's most innovative and significant contribution to rhetorical theory. Currently on display in American debates over racial justice and public health, dissociation is a nuanced process of conceptual reconfiguration. After exploring how dissociation figures in these debates, the introduction summarizes how scholars over the years have extended and complicated the concept. The introduction then identifies key gaps in scholarship that are addressed by the articles included in this special section, including dissociation's philosophical genesis, its linguistic manifestations, its structural possibilities, and its role in comedic discourse.
A Theory of Fan-Type Dissociation
Authors: Camper Martin 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTOne of the most important developments in twentieth-century rhetorical theory is Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's insight that concepts, when under strain, can be split or dissociated into two separate terms. Not a simple binary, these terms remain interconnected in a value hierarchy with one term serving as the normative frame for the other. Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca theorize that either term can be dissociated further, producing a fan-type dissociation. Unlike ordinary dissociations, fan-types place three or more terms in hierarchical relationship, resulting in unique rhetorical features. Fanning a dissociation can serve three basic rhetorical functions: purging undesirable elements, preserving less undesirable elements from total devaluation, and purifying desirable elements. Building on these basic functions, rhetors can perform complex rhetorical actions, from intensifying a dissociation's values to completely undoing a dissociation. Long ignored by theorists and critics, fan-types complicate our understanding of dissociation, argumentation, and value-based reasoning, and therefore deserve more scholarly attention.
Machine learning prediction of motor response after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease—proof of principle in a retrospective cohort
Authors: Habets Jeroen G.V. , Janssen Marcus L.F. , Duits Annelien A. , Sijben Laura C.J. , Mulders Anne E.P. , De Greef Bianca , Temel Yasin , Kuijf Mark L. , Kubben Pieter L. , Herff Christian 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
Despite careful patient selection for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS), some Parkinson’s disease patients show limited improvement of motor disability. Innovative predictive analysing methods hold potential to develop a tool for clinicians that reliably predicts individual postoperative motor response, by only regarding clinical preoperative variables. The main aim of preoperative prediction would be to improve preoperative patient counselling, expectation management, and postoperative patient satisfaction.

Methods
We developed a machine learning logistic regression prediction model which generates probabilities for experiencing weak motor response one year after surgery. The model analyses preoperative variables and is trained on 89 patients using a five-fold cross-validation. Imaging and neurophysiology data are left out intentionally to ensure usability in the preoperative clinical practice. Weak responders (n = 30) were defined as patients who fail to show clinically relevant improvement on Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale II, III or IV.

Results
The model predicts weak responders with an average area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of 0.79 (standard deviation: 0.08), a true positive rate of 0.80 and a false positive rate of 0.24, and a diagnostic accuracy of 78%. The reported influences of individual preoperative variables are useful for clinical interpretation of the model, but cannot been interpreted separately regardless of the other variables in the model.

Conclusion
The model’s diagnostic accuracy confirms the utility of machine learning based motor response prediction based on clinical preoperative variables. After reproduction and validation in a larger and prospective cohort, this prediction model holds potential to support clinicians during preoperative patient counseling.
Solid state fermentation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal by mixed strains for the protein enrichment and the improvement of nutritional value
Authors: Shi Honghui , Su Bin , Chen Xiaoyang , Pian Ruiqi 
Published: November 2020

Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) is a fast-growing multi-purpose deciduous tree with high biomass and nutritional value. However, the presence of antinutritional factors, poor palatability, and indigestibility of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) restrict its application to animal feed. This study aimed to obtain high-quality protein feeds via solid-state fermentation (SSF) of MOLM. The process conditions for increasing the true protein (TP) content using Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis and Bacillus subtilis co-cultures were optimized, and the chemical composition of MOLM was compared before and after fermentation. The results of this study showed that the highest TP content could be obtained through mixed-strain culture of A. niger, C. utilis and B. subtilis at a ratio of 1:1:2. The MOLM was inoculated with A. niger, followed by C. utilis and B. subtilis 24 h later. The optimized co-culture parameters were as follows: total inoculation size, 24%; temperature, 32 °C; fermentation time, 6.5 days; and initial water content, 60%. The maximum TP yield was 28.37%. Notably, in the fermented MOLM (FMOLM), the content of nutrients such as crude protein (CP), small peptides, and total amino acids (AAs) were significantly increased relative to unfermented MOLM, whereas the contents of crude fiber (CF), tannin, and phytic acid were significantly decreased. MOLM analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that SSF disrupted the surface structure of MOLM, and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated that macromolecular proteins were degraded. The in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of FMOLM was also improved significantly. Our findings suggest that multi-strain fermentation with A. niger, C. utilis and B. subtilis improves the nutritional quality of MOLM, rendering it a viable functional feedstuff for use in livestock industries in the future.
The Influence of Clinical Supervision on the Instructional Competence of Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Bello Amelie T. , Olaer John H. 
Published: November 2020

Aims: To determine the influence of clinical supervision of department heads on the instructional competence of secondary school teachers.
Study Design: Descriptive-correlational research design.
Place and Duration of Study: Digos City National High School during the School Year 2018-2019.
Methodology: Respondents were the eight (8) school heads and one hundred seventy eight (178) teachers who were permanently employed at Digos City National High School during the School Year 2018-2019. Complete enumeration was used in the identification of department heads while simple random sampling for the teacher respondents. Mean, Pearson r and Multiple Regression were the statistical tools used to treat the gathered data.
Results: The department heads had a high level of clinical supervision in terms of pre-observation, observation/analysis and strategy post-observation conference/analysis. Similarly, teachers a had high level of instructional competence of teachers. This result signified a very strong positive relationship between the two variables which indicated that about 75.80% on the variance of instructional competence can be attributed by the variation of the level of clinical observation. Regression analysis further entailed that clinical supervision significantly influenced the instructional competence of teachers.
Conclusion: The significant influence of clinical supervision on teachers’ instructional competence implies that the more teachers are mentored, the better teachers they would become. Thus, it was recommended clinical supervision in schools shall be constantly monitored and implemented so as to improve competence of teachers in the teaching learning process.
Ethnobotanical Study of Plants Used in Traditional Treatment of Diarrhoea in Humans and Cattle in Two Regions of Ivory Coast
Authors: Tuo Karim , Bolou Gbouhoury Eric-Kévin , N’docho Assi Fiacre-Tanguy , Chevillot Aurélie , Mammeri Mohamed , Vallee Isabelle , Adjou Karim , Toure Offianan André , Polack Bruno , Jambou Ronan 
Published: November 2020

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in three regions of the country (two rural and one urban), using a questionnaire focussing on anti-diarrheal therapeutic habits.
Methodology: Information about the plants has been recorded (local name, organs or part(s) of the plant used, therapeutic indications, harvesting methods, methods of administration, side effects, etc.). Collection of the plants was done in collaboration with traditional practitioners and identification of the specimens was conducted at the National Floristic Center (Ivory coast).
During the ethnobotanical survey, twelve traditional healers and nine breeders were interviewed which all declared to treat diarrhoea with plants. During this survey, twenty-seven species belonging to eighteen different families of plants were reported for anti-diarrhoeal use in humans or animals. They were all harvested on the field and a herbarium of each species was prepared in duplicate, one stored at the National Floristic Centre of the Felix Houphouët-Boigny University and the other at the Pasteur Institute of Ivory coast.
Results: Decoction was the most common mode of preparation used by practionioners and the oral route remained also the main way of administration of plants by healers. These plants are also used in other countries for the same or other purpose.
Conclusion: This study shows that traditional medicinal plants play an important role in the treatment of diarrhoea in Ivory coast. It provides basis for future studies to assess, biological and chemical potential of these plants.
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of the inner bore of a CT gantry
Authors: Mahesh Mahadevappa , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the feasibility and practicality of ultraviolet (UV) germicidal irradiation of the inner bore of a computed tomography (CT) gantry as a means of viral decontamination.MethodA UV lamp (PADNUT 38 W, 253 nm UV‐C light tube) and UV‐C dosimeter (GENERAL UV‐C Digital Light Meter No. UV512C) were used to measure irradiance throughout the inner bore of a CT scanner gantry. Irradiance (units μW/cm2) was related to the time required to achieve 6‐log viral kill (10−6 survival fraction).ResultsA warm‐up time of ~120 s was required for the lamp to reach stable irradiance. Irradiance at the scan plane (z = 0 cm) of the CT scanner was 580.9 μW/cm2, reducing to ~350 μW/cm2 at z = ±20 cm toward the front or back of the gantry. The angular distribution of irradiation was uniform within 10% coefficient of variation. A conservative estimate suggests at least 6‐log kill (survival fraction ≤ 10−6) of viral RNA within ±20 cm of the scan plane with an irradiation time of 120 s from cold start. More conservatively, running the lamp for 180 s (3 min) or 300 s (5 min) from cold start is estimated to yield survival fraction <<10−7 survival fraction within ±20 cm of the scan plane.ConclusionUltraviolet irradiation of the inner bore of the CT gantry can be achieved with a simple UV‐C lamp attached to the CT couch. Such practice could augment manual wipe‐down procedures, improve safety for CT technologists or housekeeping staff, and could potentially reduce turnover time between scanning sessions.
Useful island block geometries of a passive intensity modulator used for intensity‐modulated bolus electron conformal therapy
Authors: Chambers Erin L. , Carver Robert L. , Hogstrom Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThis project determined the range of island block geometric configurations useful for the clinical utilization of intensity‐modulated bolus electron conformal therapy (IM‐BECT).MethodsMultiple half‐beam island block geometries were studied for seven electron energies 7‐20 MeV at 100 and 103 cm source‐to‐surface distance (SSD). We studied relative fluence distributions at 0.5 cm and 2.0 cm depths in water, resulting in 28 unique beam conditions. For each beam condition, we studied intensity reduction factor (IRF) values of 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90, and 0.95, and hexagonal packing separations for the island blocks of 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 cm, that is, 30 unique IM configurations and 840 unique beam‐IM combinations. A combination was deemed acceptable if the average intensity downstream of the intensity modulator agreed within 2% of that intended and the variation in fluence was less than ±2%.ResultsFor 100 cm SSD, and for 0.5 cm depth, results showed that beam energies above 13 MeV did not exhibit sufficient scatter to produce clinically acceptable fluence (intensity) distributions for all IRF values (0.70–0.95). In particular, 20 MeV fluence distributions were unacceptable for any values, and acceptable 16 MeV fluence distributions were limited to a minimum IRF of 0.85. For the 2.0 cm depth, beam energies up to and including 20 MeV had acceptable fluence distributions. For 103 cm SSD and for 0.5 cm and 2.0 cm depths, results showed that all beam energies (7–20 MeV) had clinically acceptable fluence distributions for all IRF values (0.70–0.95). In general, the more clinically likely 103 cm SSD had acceptable fluence distributions with larger separations (r), which allow larger block diameters.ConclusionThe geometric operating range of island block separations and IRF values (block diameters) producing clinically appropriate IM electron beams has been determined.
The role of environment, local adaptation, and past climate fluctuation on the amount and distribution of genetic diversity in two subspecies of Mexican wild Zea mays
Authors: Gasca‐Pineda Jaime , Gutiérrez‐Guerrero Yocelyn T. , Aguirre‐Planter Erika , Eguiarte Luis E. 
Published: November 2020

PremisePast climate fluctuations during the Holocene and Pleistocene shaped the distribution of several plant species in temperate areas over the world. Wild maize, commonly known as teosinte, is a good system to evaluate the effects of historical climate fluctuations on genetic diversity due to its wide distribution in Mexico with contrasting environmental conditions. We explored the influence of contemporary factors and historical environmental shifts on genetic diversity, including present and three historical periods using neutral markers.MethodsWe used 22 nuclear microsatellite loci to examine the genetic diversity of 14 populations of Zea mays subsp. parviglumis and 15 populations of Zea mays subsp. mexicana (527 individuals total). We implemented genetic structure analyses to evaluate genetic differentiation between and within subspecies. We applied coalescent‐based demographic analysis and species distribution modeling to evaluate the effects of historical environmental shifts.ResultsWe found 355 alleles in total for the two subspecies and variable levels of diversity in each (Z. mays subsp. parviglumis expected heterozygosity HE = 0.3646–0.7699; Z. mays subsp. mexicana HE = 0.5885–0.7671). We detected significant genetic structure among populations (DEST = 0.4332) with significant heterozygote deficiency (FIS = 0.1796), and variable selfing rates (sg2 = 0.0–0.3090). The Bayesian assignment analysis differentiated four genetic groups. Demographic and species distribution modeling analysis suggested that environmental shifts were influential in the amount of genetic diversity.ConclusionsOur analyses suggest that the current genetic diversity in teosinte is shaped by factors such as local adaptation and genetic isolation, along with historical environmental fluctuations.
Flow and heat transfer characteristics in square channel with concave–convex vortex generators based on numerical simulations
Authors: Jiang Yuncong , Chen Bingyu , Duan Chengdong , Yan Xiaokang , Wang Lijun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to obtain a better heat transfer performance by using vortex generators with different structures in the square channel. To compare the flow pattern of three different vortex generators, the stream‐wise velocity profile, the visualized Q‐criterion, and the stream‐wise vorticity flux distribution were used to obtain the flow structures in detail. The heat transfer performance was quantified by the Nusselt number (Nu) and compared for the different vortex generators. It was found that the concave structure vortex generator has a better heat transfer performance with an increase of about 11.07% for average Nu. This is because the concave vortex generator induces a more complex hydraulic dynamic flow structure due to its two counter rotating vortex pairs in the square channel. Furthermore, the distance from the lower counter rotating vortex pairs to the wall is significantly decreased by the restraint from the upper counter rotating vortex pairs. This can help disturb the thermal boundary layer and improve the heat transfer performance.
Associations of Antibodies Targeting Periodontal Pathogens With Subclinical Coronary, Carotid, and Peripheral Arterial Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Giles Jon T. , Reinholdt Jesper , Andrade Felipe , Konig Maximilian F. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveBoth periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are overrepresented in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to investigate the contribution of periodontal pathogens to CVD in RA.MethodsRA patients underwent assessments of coronary artery calcification (CAC), carotid intima‐media thickness and plaque, and ankle–brachial index via computed tomography, ultrasound, and Doppler ultrasound, respectively. Sera were assayed for antibodies targeting Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype B (Aa), and Aa‐derived leukotoxin A (LtxA). Associations of antibodies against these periodontal pathogens with measures of atherosclerosis were explored using generalized linear models.ResultsAmong 197 RA patients, anti‐Pg was detected in 72 patients (37%), anti‐Aa in 41 patients (21%), and anti‐LtxA in 84 patients (43%). Adjusting for relevant confounders and reported tooth loss, the mean CAC score was 90% higher in those with anti‐Aa and/or anti‐LtxA compared with those without either antibody (19 units versus 10 units; P = 0.033). The adjusted odds of CAC ≥100 units were 2.23‐fold higher in those with anti‐Aa and/or anti‐LtxA compared with those without either antibody (P = 0.040). Anti‐Aa and/or anti‐LtxA seropositivity was significantly associated with all other assessed measures of atherosclerosis except carotid plaque. Anti‐Pg was not associated with any measure of atherosclerosis. Higher swollen joint count was associated with CAC exclusively in the group with anti‐Aa and/or anti‐LtxA.ConclusionImmunoreactivity against Aa and/or its major virulence factor LtxA was associated with atherosclerosis in multiple vascular beds of RA patients and amplified the effect of swollen joints on coronary atherosclerosis, suggesting a role for treatment/prevention of periodontal disease in the prevention of CVD in RA.