bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRIMER REGISTRO DE NIDO Y ASPECTOS SOBRE LA BIOLOGIA REPRODUCTIVA DEL ZAMARRITO PECHINEGRO (Eriocnemis nigrivestis) (APODIFORMES: TROCHILIDAE)
Authors: Juiña Mery Elizabeth , Hickman III Bertram Raymond 
Published: June 2020

El Zamarrito Pechinegro Eriocnemis nigrivestis es una especie endémica del Ecuador, calificada como En Peligro Crítico de extinción. Se distribuye entre 2850 y 3500 m de altitud en el bosque siempreverde montano alto de las provincias de Pichincha e Imbabura. Se han realizado varios estudios sobre la especie, en particular de su dieta, pero todavía no se conoce su biología reproductiva. El presente trabajo se realizó en la reserva Verdecocha, en las estribaciones noroccidentales del volcán Pichincha, entre 2008–2016. Encontramos que el periodo reproductivo de E. nigrivestis se desarrolló entre noviembre y abril, periodo en el cual los machos establecieron territorios y realizaron maniobras de cortejo, y las hembras construyeron sus nidos y cuidaron de la prole. Además, encontramos un marcado dimorfismo sexual en juveniles de una misma nidada, un patrón poco conocido para el género Eriocnemis. Conocer sobre la biología reproductiva de E. nigrivestis nos permite inferir sobre los requerimientos de hábitat de la especie e inferir los factores bióticos y abióticos que moldean su ciclo reproductivo. Esta información es útil para entender sus relaciones ecológicas y evolutivas, y para diseñar políticas de manejo eficientes que faciliten la conservación de su hábitat.Palabras clave:dimorfismo sexual, Eriocnemis nigrivestis, nido, Pichincha, reproducción. First nesting record and notes on the breeding biology of Black-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis nigrivestis (Apodiformes: Trochilidae) AbstractBlack-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis nigrivestis is endemic to Ecuador and currently classified as Critically Endangered. It ranges between 2850–3500 m elevation, in the montane forests in the provinces of Pichincha and Imbabura. The is an important amount of research about the species feeding ecology, but its breeding biology remains unknown. This study was carried out in Verdecocha Reserve, in the northwestern slopes of Pichincha volcano, in 2008–2016. We found that the breeding season of E. nigrivestis was between November and April, when males established territories and performed courtship displays, and females build nest and raised offspring. We observed sexual dimorphism in juveniles of the same clutch, a pattern little known for the genus Eriocnemis. Information about the breeding biology of E. nigrivestis allows us to understand its habitat requirements and to infer biotic and abiotic factors the can shape its breeding cycle. This information is useful to understand its ecological and evolutionary relationships, as well as to design efficient management policies for the conservation of its habitat. Keywords:breeding behavior, Eriocnemis nigrivestis, nest,Pichincha, sexual dimorphism.
NOTAS SOBRE LA DIETA, DESARROLLO DE JÓVENES Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL BÚHO ESTIGIO ASIO STYGIUS (STRIGOFORMES: STRIGIDAE) EN ECUADOR
Authors: Cadena-Ortiz Héctor , Bedoya Jorge , Pozo-Zamora Glenda M. , Watson Julie , Brito M. Jorge 
Published: June 2020

Presentamos el primer aporte al conocimiento sobre la dieta del Búho Estigio Asio stygius en Ecuador. El estudio se realizó a partir de 38 egagrópilas y 127 g de material disgregado colectado en dos localidades urbanas y una rural de la provincia de Pichincha entre 2015 y 2016. Encontramos 157 ítems-presas agrupadas en 8 taxones. Las aves fueron predominantes en la dieta de este búho, numéricamente y en biomasa, por lo que consideramos a A. stygius como un depredador especialista en aves. Adicionalmente, en esta publicación presentamos información sobre el desarrollo de dos jóvenes de este búho, y compilamos los registros de distribución existentes de A. stygius en Ecuador, los cuales están principalmente concentrados en la provincia de Pichincha. AbstractWe present the first contribution to the knowledge about the diet of the Stygian Owl Asio stygius in Ecuador. We studied 38 pellets and 127 g of disaggregated material collected in two urban and one rural localities in the province of Pichincha between 2015 and 2016. We found 157 prey-items grouped in 8 taxa. Birds were prevalent, numerically and in terms of biomass, thus we consider A. stygius as a bird specialist predator. Additionally, herein, we present information on the development of two juvenile Stygian owls, and compile distribution records of A. stygius in Ecuador, which are main concentrated in the province of Pichincha.
Scleral Dellen: Early Complication Of Pterygium Surgery And Literature Review
Authors: Boui Hatim , Mouzari Yassine , Boui Meriem , Al Asri Fouad , Reda Karim , Oubaaz Abdelbarre 
Published: June 2020

Introduction :
Severe Scleral Dellen is a rare and early postoperative complication of pterygium surgery.
The various cases reported in the literature are mostly related to this surgical technique; simple excision of the conjunctiva, notably either without adjuvant treatment or using mitomycyine C in preoperative or otherwise beta radiation.
The particularity of our case is that the scleral Dellen is associated with excision and simple suture of the conjunctiva without adjuvant treatment or cauterization of the vessels. The other particularity of this case is that it is to our knowledge the first case of scleral dellen reported in Morocco, and even at the African level.
Case report
This case is a 38-year-old military patient with no medical history
The patient was scheduled for pterygium surgery.
16 days later, the patient came back after noticing the appearance of a blackish brown spot at the nasal side of the right eye associated with mild eye pain.
The slit lamp examination of the involved eye revealed a severe scleral thining, surrounded by an oedematous conjunctiva and the visualization of the ciliary body through the fine sclera. The conjunctival sutures were no longer in place.
After three days and with treatement, we observed a scleral cicatrization, followed by a gradual covering of the sclera by conjunctiva.
Discussion :
In our case as in that described by Garcia-Medina and collaborators, we performed a conjunctival suture with two stitches to cover the sclera. Otherwise, both of the stitches were not found later, which suggests that, like in the Garcia-Medina report; a bad handling by the patient (eye rubbing), loose stitches or even both.
Thus, the sclera would have been exposed in the two cases.
Regarding the treatment of this complication, the graft of a conjunctival flap was performed in two cases with favorable evolution.
In all other cases, only medical treatment has been successfully initiated.
In our case we opted for medical treatment only, including local antibiotic therapy, intensive lubrication with artificial tears (hourly drop) and the occlusion of the eye. The evolution was also favorable under this treatment.
Hence, our case is similar to the Garcias-Medina and collaborators one, concerning the surgical technique, and also the scleral Dellen treatment. Although the difference and the particularity of our case was the absence of cauterization use during the surgical act.
Conclusion:
Scleral Dellen is rare complication of pterygium surgery, which occurs early after the surgical act.
Its exact physiopathology remains unknown, but some factors may be incriminated; first of them is the surgical technique as a simple excision with exposed sclera.
This complication can occur in patients, without any particular medical or ophthalmological history or any underlying pathology. It could also occur for primary pterygium. Medical treatment alone may be appropriate to manage this complication.
Pengalaman Mempertahankan Komitmen Berpasangan pada Perempuan Dewasa Awal yang Menjalani Hubungan dengan Laki-Laki yang Memiliki Penyakit Kronis
Authors: Widihapsari Ida Ayu Gede Kusumaastuti , Puspita Syntia Agung Liana , Pradnyadari Ni Made Dyah Sathya , Rakhmawati Dian , Joni I Dewa Ayu Maythalia 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman mempertahankan komitmen berpasangan pada perempuan dewasa awal yang menjalani hubungan dengan laki-laki yang memiliki penyakit kronis. Komitmen merupakan segala kekuatan baik positif maupun negatif yang berfungsi untuk mempertahankan individu dalam suatu hubungan. Orang yang merasa terikat pada suatu hubungan dengan orang lain akan senantiasa berada bersama-sama dengan orang itu dalam suka maupun duka (Taylor, Peplau, & Sears, 2009). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian fenomenologi. Penelitian ini melibatkan satu orang subjek perempuan dewasa awal berusia 31 tahun yang menjalani hubungan berpasangan selama 13 tahun dengan laki-laki yang memiliki penyakit kronis. Teknik penggalian data pada penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara dengan pertemuan sebanyak dua kali dengan partisipan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipan memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai komitmen berpasangan. Selama menjalani hubugan berpasangan, partisipan juga menghadapi beragam tantangan yang memengaruhi komitmennya. Faktor-faktor yang memperkuat komitmen berpasangan yang didapatkan melalui penelitian ini juga bervariasiPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengalaman mempertahankan komitmen berpasangan pada perempuan dewasa awal yang menjalani hubungan dengan laki-laki yang memiliki penyakit kronis. Komitmen merupakan segala kekuatan baik positif maupun negatif yang berfungsi untuk mempertahankan individu dalam suatu hubungan. Orang yang merasa terikat pada suatu hubungan dengan orang lain akan senantiasa berada bersama-sama dengan orang itu dalam suka maupun duka (Taylor, Peplau, & Sears, 2009). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian fenomenologi. Penelitian ini melibatkan satu orang subjek perempuan dewasa awal berusia 31 tahun yang menjalani hubungan berpasangan selama 13 tahun dengan laki-laki yang memiliki penyakit kronis. Teknik penggalian data pada penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara dengan pertemuan sebanyak dua kali dengan partisipan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis interpretative phenomenological analysis(IPA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipan memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai komitmen berpasangan. Selama menjalani hubugan berpasangan, partisipan juga menghadapi beragam tantangan yang memengaruhi komitmennya. Faktor-faktor yang memperkuat komitmen berpasangan yang didapatkan melalui penelitian ini juga bervariasi
KERAGAMAN GENETIK PLASMA NUTFAH PINANG (Areca catechu L.) DI PROPINSI GORONTALO
Authors: MASKROMO ISMAIL , MIFTAHORRACHMAN . 
Published: June 2020

<p>Pinang merupakan salah satu tanaman palma yang terdapat hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, terutama Pulau Sumatera. Di luar Sumatera, salah satu wilayah yang memiliki potensi tanaman pinang adalah Propinsi Gorontalo, Sulawesi. Wilayah provinsi ini memiliki potensi plasma nutfah pinang yang belum diidentifikasi keragaman genetiknya. Eksplorasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi keragaman genetik plasma nutfah pinang sebagai dasar informasi pengembangan di wilayah Gorontalo untuk masa mendatang, dan mengumpulkan plasma nutfah pinang yang terdapat di beberapa daerah di Gorontalo. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan lokasi contoh dipilih secara sengaja berdasarkan informasi dari Dinas Perkebunan dan masyarakat petani. Eksplorasi dilakukan di Kabupaten Gorontalo, Pohuwato dan Bone Bolango. Hasil eksplorasi diperoleh 6 (enam) aksesi pinang yaitu aksesi Duhia Da’a dari Marisa, Kabupaten Pohuwato, Tingkohubu I dan Tingkohubu II asal Suwawa, Kabupaten Bone Bolango dan Huntu I, Huntu II, dan Huntu III dari Batudaa, Kabupaten Gorontalo, yang memiliki keragaman dalam ukuran dan bentuk buah, dengan jarak genetik yang jauh. Aksesi yang berpotensi produksi tinggi adalah Duhia Da'a, Tingkohubu I dan Tingkohubu II, sedangkan aksesi untuk bahan pelengkap dalam kegiatan budaya dan upacara adat adalah Tingkohubu II.</p><p>Kata kunci : Pinang, Areca catechu L., keragaman genetik, plasma nutfah, Gorontalo</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Genetic diversity of Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) germplasm in Gorontalo</p><p>Arecanut is one of the palm crops found throughout Indonesia, Sumatera Island. Outside Sumatera Island, the crop exist in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi. The exploration is conducted to observe potency of arecanut germplasm as based information for future development in Gorontalo. The purpose of exploration was to identify genetic diversity and to collect the arecanut in that area. Survey was done at three regency chosen purposively. There were six arecanut accessions identified namely Duhia Da’a from Marisa District, Pohuwato Regency, Tingkohubu I and Tingkohubu II from Suwawa District, Bone Bolango Regency, and Huntu I, Huntu II and Huntu III from Batuda’a District, Gorontalo Regency. They were various in size and shape, and so far for genetic distance. Accesions which have high potency production are Duhia Da'a, Tingkohubu I and of Tingkohubu II, while for the materials of complementary in custom ceremony and culture is Tingkohubu II.</p><p>Key words : Arecanut, Areca catechu L., genetic diversity, germplasm, Gorontalo</p>
PERBAIKAN VARIETAS UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN MUTU SERAT KAPAS
Authors: SULISTYOWATI EMY , SUMARTINI SIWI , ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN , RUSTINI SRI 
Published: June 2020

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Persilangan kapas yang dilakukan pada tahun 1999 denganmelibatkan 11 varietas kapas sebagai tetua betina dan lima varietas kapassebagai tetua jantan telah menghasilkan 22 set persilangan kapas. Adapuntujuan persilangan tersebut adalah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas danmutu serat varietas kapas nasional Indonesia. Program perbaikan varietasini menggunakan pendekatan seleksi pedigree pada F3, dan dilanjutkandengan seleksi galur pada generasi F5 dan selanjutnya. Pada kegiatanseleksi galur tahun 2004-2005 di Kebun Percobaan Asembagus, dari 22genotipe generasi F4 yang diseleksi dengan kriteria seleksi produktivitas &gt;3 ton kapas berbiji/ha telah dihasilkan 23 galur harapan. Pada generasi F6dilakukan uji daya hasil dari 23 galur tersebut. Dari pengujian daya hasilgalur-galur tersebut pada tahun 2006, telah dihasilkan enam galur harapanyang memiliki tingkat produktivitas secara statistika tidak berbeda denganatau lebih tinggi dari Kanesia 8 dengan panjang serat &gt; 1,16 inch, kekuatanserat &gt; 30,77 g/tex, dan kehalusan serat antara 3,5 – 4,5 mic, yaitu99004/5, 99005/9, 99013/5, 99023/5, 99023/7, dan 99023/8. Galur-galurtersebut selanjutnya akan diuji secara multilokasi untuk menilai stabilitasekspresi genetiknya di beberapa wilayah pengembangan kapas.</p><p>Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, kapas, produktivitas, mutu serat</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Varietal Improvement for Increase of Productivity andQuality of Cotton Fiber Cotton breeding conducted since 1999 involving 11 varieties asfemale parent, and five varieties as male parents has resulted in 22crossing sets. The aim was to improve productivity level as well as fiberquality of national cotton varieties of Indonesia. The breeding approachwas accomplished by pedigree selection on F3 generation, which was thencontinued with line selection from F5 generation. From the line selectionactivity carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station during 2004-2005,out of 22 genotypes selected at the F4 generation based on productivitylevel of &gt; 3 ton seed cotton/ha as selection criteria, 23 promising lines hadbeen selected which were then tested in a yield potential test. From theyield potential test conducted in 2006, six promising lines had beenselected whose productivity levels were statistically not different from orhigher than Kanesia 8 with fiber length of &gt;1.16 inch, fiber strength&gt;30.77 g/tex, and fiber fineness 3.5-4.5 mic. Those promising lines wouldthen be tested in multilocation trials to evaluate the stability of theirgenetic expression in several cotton development areas.</p><p>Key words : Gossypium hirsutum, cotton, productivity, fiber properties</p>
Health Insurance Benefit Package in Iran: A Qualitative Policy Process Analysis
Authors: Mohamadi Efat , Takian Amirhossein , Olyaeemanesh Alireza , Rashidian Arash , Hassanzadeh Ali , Razavi Moaven , Ghazanfari Sadegh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Insufficient transparency in prioritization of health services, multiple health insurance organizations with various and not-aligned policies, plus limited resources to provide comprehensive health coverage are among the challenges to design appropriate Health Insurance Benefit Package (HIBP) in Iran.
Method: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 experts, plus document analysis and observation, from February 2014 until October 2016. Using both deductive and inductive approaches, two independent researchers conducted data content analysis. We used MAXQDA.11 software for data management.
Results: We identified 10 main themes, plus 81 sub-themes related to development and implementation of HIBP. These included: lack of transparent criteria for inclusion of services within HIBP, inadequate use of scientific evidence to determine the HIBP, lack of evaluation systems, and weak decision-making process. We propose 11 solutions and 25 policy options to improve the situation.
Discussion: The design and implementation of HIBP did not follow an evidence-based and logical algorithm in Iran. Rather, political and financial influences at the macro level determined the decisions. This is rooted in social, cultural, and economic norms in the country, whereby political and economic factors had the greatest impact on the implementation of HIBP.
Conclusion: To define a cost-effective HIBP in Iran, it is pivotal to develop transparent and evidence-based guidelines about the processes and the stewardship of HIBP, which are in line with upstream policies and societal characteristics. In addition, the possible conflict of interests and its harms should be minimized in advance.
Key words: Benefit package, Policy process analysis, Iran.
Making researchers responsible: Attributions of responsibility and ambiguous notions of culture in research codes of conduct
Authors: Valkenburg Govert , Dix Guus , Tijdink Joeri , de Rijcke Sarah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Research codes of conduct offer guidance to researchers with respect to which values should be realized in research practices, how these values are to be realized, and what the respective responsibilities of the individual and the institution are in this. However, the question of how the responsibilities are to be divided between the individual and the institution has hitherto received little attention. We therefore performed an analysis of research codes of conduct to investigate how responsibilities are positioned as individual or institutional, and how the boundary between the two is drawn. Method: We selected 12 institutional, national and international codes of conduct that apply to medical research in the Netherlands and subjected them to a close-reading content analysis. We first identified the dominant themes and then investigated how responsibility is attributed to individuals and institutions.Results: We observed that the attribution of responsibility to either the individual or the institution is often not entirely clear, and that the notion of culture emerges as a residual category for such attributions. We see this notion of responsible research cultures as important; it is something that mediates between the individual level and the institutional level. However, at the same time it largely lacks substantiation. Conclusions: While many attributions of individual and institutional responsibility are clear, the exact boundary between the two is often problematic. We suggest two possible avenues for improving codes of conduct: either to clearly attribute responsibilities to individuals or institutions and depend less on the notion of culture, or to make culture a more explicit concern and articulate what it is and how a good culture might be fostered.
Assessment of Optometrists’ Knowledge, Skills and Practice on Cataract: A Cross-Sectional Study from Kisumu County, Western Kenya
Authors: Muma Shadrack , Obonyo Stephen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Cataract is a major contributor to avoidable blindness in the world and greatly impact negatively on the quality of life. The prevalence of blindness in Kenya is estimated at 0.7% with cataract contributing 43%. Optometrists being the primary eye care providers for cataract patients, they are well placed to assess and refer cataract patients. Though there is no data on optometrist knowledge, skill and practice on cataract in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted from June 2019 to August 219 using self-administered questionnaire. We collected basic socio-demographic characteristics and investigated participants’ knowledge, skills and practice on cataract. The primary outcome measures were the proportions of participants who identified the questions related to knowledge, skills and practice on cataract. Chi-square analysis was performed to look at the association between demographic and practice, knowledge and skills. Results: A total of 49 optometrists were interviewed with a male to female ratio of 2:1, mean age of 30.4(72%) years and mean duration of practice of one to ten years. Majority of the optometrists had good knowledge on various aspects of cataract. Like 98% had a good knowledge on the types of cataract. Based on skills, 75.5% could diagnose cataract correctly. However, 57.1% could not identify nuclear cataract. Practice among the optometrists was largely low in the sense that, 61.2% of optometrists did not screen patients aged 40 years and above for cataract. Almost half of the optometrists, 52.6% did a routine eye examination but did not know the importance of examining the crystalline lens for patient above 40 years. Conclusion The study established that despite the good level of knowledge among the optometrist on cataract, there exist gaps in skills in categorizing the type of cataract and practice. The results of this study calls for skills development training for optometrists on cataract and immediate ophthalmic division response for improvement on the scope of training for optometrists. This will eases diagnosis of cataract and its management so as to reduce its burden in Kenya.