bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Zinc-Deposited Aluminum Electrode Prepared Using Spontaneous Deposition Method for Use in Aqueous Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Inoue Hiroshi , Takenaka Masakazu , Chiku Masanobu , Higuchi Eiji 
Published: December 2020

Aqueous electrolytes have advantages compared to nonaqueous electrolytes, such as high ionic conductivity, nonflammability, low environmental load, low cost, and so on. However, the maximum operating voltages of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with aqueous electrolytes are much lower than those with nonaqueous electrolytes, which can operate at voltages over 2.5 V, because the former are limited to 1.23 V, the theoretical decomposition voltage of water, leading to low energy and power densities. So, a key to improve energy and power densities is to increase the maximum operating voltage. Hybrid capacitors (HCs), which consists of activated carbon (AC) and redox electrodes, can greatly improve the energy and power densities of EDLCs because of widened potential windows. As for aqueous HCs, metal hydroxides/oxides as a redox positive electrode have realized the maximum operating voltages of 1.4–2.0 V because they have higher potential limits and higher oxygen overpotentials than AC,1-3 leading to higher energy and power densities. In the same manner, we reported that an HC with a Zn negative electrode whose hydrogen overpotential was larger than AC also increased the maximum operating voltage due to the extension of the negative potential limits, leading to low energy and power densities.4 A copper sheet was used as a substrate for zinc electrodeposition in the previous study.4 Aluminum is a light metal and cheap. Since the standard potential of Al is more negative than that of Zn, Zn can be spontaneously deposited on an Al sheet only by immersing it in a zincate solution. In this study, we prepared Zn-deposited Al sheet negative electrodes and evaluated their electrochemical properties and capacitor performance of a HC with the negative electrode.
A polished Al sheet was immersed in a zincate solution to deposit Zn metal spontaneously. After the deposition, the mirror image of the Al sheet was cloudy due to zinc deposits. EDX and XPS analyses showed that Zn deposits covered almost the whole Al surface, indicating that spontaneous deposition of Zn occurred as follows.
2Al + 3Zn(OH)4
2- → 3Zn + 4OH- + 2Al(OH)4
-

Cyclic voltammograms of a Zn/Al electrode were recorded in 7 M KOH aqueous solution containing 0.6 M ZnO. A reduction peak due to Zn deposition and an oxidation peak due to Zn dissolution were observed in cyclic voltammograms, which was similar to a cyclic voltammogram of a Cu electrode in the same electrolyte.
An aqueous HC cell with a Zn/Al negative electrode and AC positive electrode was assembled, and its capacitor performance will be reported.

References

V. Khomenko, E. Raymundo-Piñero, F. Béguin, J. Power Sources, 153, 183 (2006).

T. Cottineau, M. Toupin, T. Brousse, D. Bélanger, Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process., 82, 599 (2006).

H. Inoue, Y. Namba, E. Higuchi, J. Power Sources, 195, 6239 (2010).

H. Inoue, T. Morimoto, S. Nohara, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett., 10, A261 (2007).
Highly Efficient Electrochemical Oxidation of Alcohols in a Flow Electrochemical Column Cell Modified with Au Nanoparticle Catalyst
Authors: Suga Tatsuya , Tanaka Kenta , Atobe Mahito 
Published: December 2020

Electrosynthesis is a powerful means for obtaining a variety of useful chemical products without employing toxic or otherwise hazardous chemical reagents and under relatively mild conditions. However, conventional batch-type cells suffer from a low productivity due to narrow two-dimensional reaction fields in the electrochemical system. To overcome this problem, we utilized continuous-flow column cell[1]. Although it was developed for a highly sensitive coulometric analysis of trace chemical substances in 1968, it is also expected to conduct rapid and quantitative bulk electrolysis due to its large electrode area and continuous-flow system. This flow cell consisted of a working electrode compartment and a counter electrode compartment, separated by an ion permeable Vycor® glass tube (Figure 1 (a)). A bundle of carbon fiber threads was tightly packed as a working electrode in the continuous-flow column cell, and a Pt spiral wire was used as a counter electrode. During several decades, the bulk gold has been considered as less active material, but at nanoscale, it exhibits surprisingly physicochemical and catalytic properties[2]. Therefore, in this work, the carbon fiber surface was also functionalized with Au nanoparticle catalyst to promote an electrochemical oxidation of alcohols.
As a result, we have successfully demonstrated an efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to provide benzaldehyde and benzoic acid with high current efficiencies in alkaline media. Moreover, it was also found that the selectivity of benzaldehyde was influenced by the added base amounts, and increased up to 97% by decreasing the amounts. We will also report the results of electrochemical oxidation of other alcohols.

References

[1] F. Kusu, et al., DENKI KAGAKU, 1997, 65, 51-56.
[2] M. Rossi, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2008, 37, 2077-2095.

Figure 1
(Keynote) Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems - Current Status and Future Perspectives of the Flagship Technologies in Biosensor Research -
Authors: Sode Koji 
Published: December 2020

The history of the development of glucose sensors is synonym of the history of biosensor research. Glucose sensors created the past and current largest market in the industrialized biosensors. The most of the commercially available glucose sensors have been dedicated to the disposable sensor strips for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), thereby diabetic patients know which treatments and amounts of treatments to self-administer and to learn how activities affect their blood glucose levels. Currently, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have been recognized as the ideal monitoring systems for glycemic control of diabetic patients, expecting the replacement of SMBG sensors. Glucose monitoring using SMBG sensors requires taking tiny blood sample using a “lancet” to prick your finger or some other alternate sites for testing, whereas CGM systems monitor glucose level at interstitial fluid (ISF) where CGM sensor is inserted. At present, the glucose concentration in blood and ISF samples are recognized as the clinically relevant values. In 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a medical device comprising CGM system, a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump and a control algorithm that can supply an appropriate amount of basal insulin based on the CGM results as an artificial pancreas. Consequently, it became possible to automatically and continuously control the blood glucose level. In 2019, synthetic receptor employing long-term implantable CGM system, was approved as the prescription device, which realized up to 90 days (180 days in Europe) operation. These technological achievements boosted up CGM systems and sensors as the flagship technologies in the biosensor research.
In this presentation, I will overview the current status and future perspectives of sensors for CGM systems.
(Keynote) DT-Diaphorase As a Promising Catalytic Label for Rapid and Sensitive Immunosensors
Authors: Yang Haesik 
Published: December 2020

The most common enzyme labels in biosensors are alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), which, however, have some limitations for use in electrochemical immunosensors. DT-diaphorase (DT-D) is a redox enzyme that catalyzes a two-electron reduction of quinone in the presence of NADH or NADPH. Importantly, DT-D from Bacillus stearothermophilus (EC 1.6.99.-) has a low molecular weight (30 kDa) and high thermal and long-term stability. Nevertheless, DT-D has never been employed as a catalytic label in biosensors. In this presentation, we report that DT-D can be used as a bifunctional enzyme label for rapid and sensitive electrochemical immunosensors: DT-D can convert an electrochemically inactive substrate into an electrochemically active product and DT-D can participate in electrochemical-chemical (EC) and electrochemical-enzymatic (EN) redox cycling induced by the product. We found that DT-D has high catalytic activities for nitroso reduction, phosphoester hydrolysis, and carboxyl ester hydrolysis as well as quinone reduction in the presence of NADH. 4-Nitroso-1-naphthol, 1-amino-2-naphthyl phosphate, and 4-aminonaphthalene-1-yl acetate are used as electrochemically inactive substrates for corresponding enzymatic reactions, which are converted into electrochemically active aminohydroxy-naphthalenes. This combination of DT-D and the substrates allows for high electrochemical signal-to-background ratios, because (i) the catalytic reaction by DT-D is fast, (ii) the electrochemical oxidation of the aminohydroxy-naphthalenes is rapid, even at an indium-tin oxide electrode, and (iii) two redox cycling processes significantly increase the electrochemical signal. The electrochemical immunosensor using DT-D and 4-nitroso-1-naphthol detects parathyroid hormone with a low detection limit of 2 pg/mL, the immunosensor using DT-D and 1-amino-2-naphthyl phosphate detects outer membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli with a detection limit of 8 ng/mL, and the immunosensor using DT-D and 4-aminonaphthalene-1-yl acetate detects thyroid-stimulating hormone with a detection limit of ~2 pg/mL. DT-D may be used as a catalytic label in sensitive and stable bioassays instead of common ALP and HRP.
References
1. P. Nandhakumar, A. M. Ichzan, N.-S. Lee, Y. H. Yoon, S. Ma, S. Kim, H. Yang, ACS Sens. in press.
2. A. Bhatia, P. Nandhakumar, G. Kim, J. Kim, N.-S. Lee, Y. H. Yoon, H. Yang, ACS Sens. 4, 1641 (2019)
3. A. M. Ichzan, S. Lee, C. S. Fang, P. Nandhakumar, H. Ha, J. M. Joo, K. Kim, H. Yang, Anal. Chem. 91, 4680 (2019)
4. P. Nandhakumar, A.-M. J. Haque, N.-S. Lee, Y. H. Yoon, H. Yang, Anal. Chem. 90, 10982 (2018)
5. C. Kang, J. Kang, N.-S. Lee, Y. H. Yoon, H. Yang, Anal. Chem. 89, 7974 (2017)
Addition of Carbon Nanodots for Improving Charge/Discharge Characteristics of Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Takee Kazuki , Momma Toshiyuki , Nara Hiroki , Osaka Tetsuya 
Published: December 2020

Lithium metal is considered as the most promising anode material for high-energy-batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, dendrite formation due to uncontrollable Li growth during cycling is a major challenge. Lithium dendrite growth leads to low coulombic efficiency, short cycle life, and safety issues. To solve the problem, addition of 2D carbon nano material that lead uniform Li deposition has been reported[1]. Here, we report carbon nanodots (CND) as an electrolyte additive which can suppress dendrite growth and keep stable Li metal deposition/dissolution process. CND has defect sites and functional groups that attract Li ions and serve as a Lithiophilic nucleation site for uniform nucleation.
Electrochemical properties were evaluated with the charge / discharge cycles of Li symmetric cell in Li(G3)TFSI/HFE electrolyte in Fig. 1 Voltage drop that seems to be short circuit was confirmed in 88 cycles without CND. On the other hand, no short circuit was confirmed for 100 cycles with CND, confirming an improvement of cycle life. In addition, with CND, it showed lower overpotential than that of without CND which was suggested low film resistance. Fig. 2 shows the coulombic efficiency of Cu/Li half cell. Without CND, unstable CE was confirmed after 50 cycle. It is considered that the irreversible capacity due to side reaction and dead lithium caused a CE reduce. With CND, it showed stable and high CE (> 95 %) for 100 cycles. It was suggested that excessive side reactions and dead lithium were suppressed by the CND addition. It is obviously indicated that addition of CND contributes to improvement of cycle ability and coulombic efficiencies for lithium metal anode.

Reference

[1] X. Cheng, et al. Nature communications, 8, 336 (2017).

Figure 1
Parity Effects in the Physicochemical Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Badia Antonella , Dionne Eric , Ben Amara Fadwa , Pellerin Christian 
Published: December 2020

Large-area metal/molecule/metal junctions based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organothiolates are of interest for investigations of charge transport across ultrathin organic films and the fabrication of molecular electronic devices. Several recent reports demonstrate an odd-even dependency in the rate of charge transport through SAMs of the insulating n-alkanethiolates (CH3C
n
S)1,2 or the redox-active ferrocenylalkanethiolates (FcC
n
S)3. This parity effect has been attributed to differences in the orientation of the terminal functional group and alkyl chain packing in SAMs consisting of an odd versus even number of methylene repeat units.
We have sought experimental evidence for odd-even distinctions in the molecular organization of these SAMs using infrared reflection-adsorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), electrochemistry, and contact angle goniometry. The findings of the investigations will be presented in this talk and the molecular origin of the parity effect of SAM macroscopic properties will be discussed.
References:
1. Baghbanzadeh, M.; Simeone, F. C.; Bowers, C. M.; Liao, K.-C.; Thuo, M.; Baghbanzadeh, M.; Miller, M. S.; Carmichael, T. B.; Whitesides, G. M., Odd–Even Effects in Charge Transport across n-Alkanethiolate-Based SAMs. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 16919- 16925.
2. Chen, J.; Giroux, T. J.; Nguyen, Y.; Kadoma, A. A.; Chang, B. S.; VanVeller, B.; Thuo, M. M., Understanding Interface (Odd–Even) Effects in Charge Tunneling using a Polished EGaIn Electrode. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2018, 20, 4864-4878.
3. Thompson, D.; Nijhuis, C. A., Even the Odd Numbers Help: Failure Modes of SAM-Based Tunnel Junctions Probed via Odd-Even Effects Revealed in Synchrotrons and Supercomputers. Acc. Chem. Res. 2016, 49, 2061-2069.
Endogenous Retroelement Activation by Epigenetic Therapy Reverses the Warburg Effect and Elicits Mitochondrial-Mediated Cancer Cell Death
Authors: Fresquet Vicente , Garcia-Barchino Maria J. , Larrayoz Marta , Celay Jon , Vicente Carmen , Fernandez-Galilea Marta , Larrayoz Maria J. , Calasanz Maria J. , Panizo Carlos , Junza Alexandra , Han Jiahuai , Prior Celia , Fortes Puri , Pio Ruben , Oyarzabal Julen , Martinez-Baztan Alvaro , Paiva Bruno , Moreno-Aliaga Maria J. , Odero Maria D. , Agirre Xabier , Yanes Oscar , Prosper Felipe , Martinez-Climent Jose A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor millions of years, endogenous retroelements have remained transcriptionally silent within mammalian genomes by epigenetic mechanisms. Modern anticancer therapies targeting the epigenetic machinery awaken retroelement expression, inducing antiviral responses that eliminate tumors through mechanisms not completely understood. Here, we find that massive binding of epigenetically activated retroelements by RIG-I and MDA5 viral sensors promotes ATP hydrolysis and depletes intracellular energy, driving tumor killing independently of immune signaling. Energy depletion boosts compensatory ATP production by switching glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, thereby reversing the Warburg effect. However, hyperfunctional succinate dehydrogenase in mitochondrial electron transport chain generates excessive oxidative stress that unleashes RIP1-mediated necroptosis. To maintain ATP generation, hyperactive mitochondrial membrane blocks intrinsic apoptosis by increasing BCL2 dependency. Accordingly, drugs targeting BCL2 family proteins and epigenetic inhibitors yield synergistic responses in multiple cancer types. Thus, epigenetic therapy kills cancer cells by rewiring mitochondrial metabolism upon retroelement activation, which primes mitochondria to apoptosis by BH3-mimetics.Significance:The state of viral mimicry induced by epigenetic therapies in cancer cells remodels mitochondrial metabolism and drives caspase-independent tumor cell death, which sensitizes to BCL2 inhibitor drugs. This novel mechanism underlies clinical efficacy of hypomethylating agents and venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia, suggesting similar combination therapies for other incurable cancers.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 995
Stepwise target controllability identifies dysregulations of macrophage networks in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bassignana Giulia , Fransson Jennifer , Henry Vincent , Colliot Olivier , Zujovic Violetta , De Vico Fallani Fabrizio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIdentifying the nodes able to drive the state of a network is crucial to understand, and eventually control, biological systems. Despite recent advances, such identification remains difficult because of the huge number of equivalent controllable configurations, even in relatively simple networks. Based on the evidence that in many applications it is essential to test the ability of individual nodes to control a specific target subset, we develop a fast and principled method to identify controllable driver-target configurations in sparse and directed networks. We demonstrate our approach on simulated networks and experimental gene networks to characterize macrophage dysregulation in human subjects with multiple sclerosis.
New Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the Agulhas ecoregion of temperate southern Africa
Authors: SAMAAI TOUFIEK , KELLY MICHELLE , NGWAKUM BENEDICTA , PAYNE ROBYN , TESKE PETER R. , JANSON LIESL , KERWATH SVEN , PARKER DENHAM , GIBBONS MARK J. 
Published: December 2020

Sixteen species of Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922, belonging to the genera Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869, Strongylodesma Lévi, 1969, Cyclacanthia Samaai & Kelly, 2004, Samaai & Kelly, 2002, are currently known from the temperate waters of South Africa. Extensive new sponge collections from the Amathole region of South Africa revealed the existence of three new species of Tsitsikamma, T. amatholensis sp. nov., T. madiba sp. nov., and T. beukesi sp. nov., and a new species of the endemic South African genus Cyclacanthia, C. rethahofmeyri sp. nov. With the recent addition of two new species of Tsitsikamma from Algoa Bay and Tsitsikamma National Park (T. michaeli Parker-Nance, 2019; T. nguni Parker-Nance, 2019) the total number of known South African Latrunculiidae is now 20 species in four genera. Here we propose two new subgenera of Tsitsikamma, Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly, 2002 and Clavicaulis subgen. nov., based on the morphological groups “favus” and “pedunculata” hypothesized by Parker-Nance et al. (2019). Species in the nominotypical subgenus Tsitsikamma, containing the type species, are thick encrusting to hemispherical with a rigid honeycombed choanosome, while species in the new subgenus Clavicaulis subgen. nov. have a purse or sac-like morphology with little choanosomal structure. Despite the obvious species-level differences in morphology, multivariate analysis based on spicule measurements (anisostyle length, discorhabd length, shaft and whorl length) was not able to distinguish between the proposed Tsitsikamma species, but separated known species T. favus Samaai & Kelly, 2002, T. pedunculata Samaai & Kelly, 2003, and T. scurra Samaai & Kelly, 2003, from each other. Similarly, DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial COI and the nuclear ITS of Tsitsikamma specimens failed to clearly differentiate between species, but was able to differentiate sister taxon relationships within the Latrunculiidae.
The effect of a mobile application on the foot care of individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Dincer Berna , Bahçecik Nefise 
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study aimed to develop an animation-supported Mobile Diabetic Foot Care Education (M-DFCE) application for use by individuals with type 2 diabetes and identify its effects on knowledge, self-efficacy and foot care behaviour. Design: Randomised, controlled experimental study. Setting and Method: The study was carried out between October 2016 and September 2017. The sample consisted of 130 individuals with diabetes (65 in the experimental group and 65 in the control group). The experimental group received M-DFCE. Data were collected using the Patient Assessment Form, the Diabetes Foot Knowledge Questionnaire, the Diabetic Foot Care Self-Efficacy Scale and the Foot Self-Care Behaviour Scale. Differences between the groups were examined using Student’s t, Mann–Whitney U, Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Paired Sample tests. Results: Although there was no difference between the groups at initial evaluation, individuals in the experimental group who received animation-supported M-DFCE had significantly higher knowledge, self-efficacy and foot care behaviour levels than the control group. Conclusion: The animation-supported mobile application developed for foot care education was effective in increasing the individuals’ knowledge, self-efficacy and behaviour with respect to foot care.
Masking Between Reserved Alarm Sounds of the IEC 60601-1-8 International Medical Alarm Standard: A Systematic, Formal Analysis
Authors: Bolton Matthew L. , Edworthy Judy R. , Boyd Andrew D. 
Published: December 2020

Objective In this work, we systematically evaluated the reserved alarm sounds of the IEC 60601-1-8 international medical alarm standard to determine when and how they can be totally and partially masked. Background IEC 60601-1-8 gives engineers instruction for creating human-perceivable auditory medical alarms. This includes reserved alarm sounds: common types of alarms where each is a tonal melody. Even when this standard is honored, practitioners still fail to hear alarms, causing practitioner nonresponse and, thus, potential patient harm. Simultaneous masking, a condition where one or more alarms is imperceptible in the presence of other concurrently sounding alarms due to limitations of the human sensory system, is partially responsible for this. Methods In this research, we use automated proof techniques to determine if masking can occur in a modeled configuration of medical alarms. This allows us to determine when and how reserved alarm sound can mask other reserved alarms and to explore parameters to address discovered problems. Results We report the minimum number of other alarm sounds it takes to both totally and partially mask each of the high-, medium-, and low-priority alarm sounds from the standard. Conclusions Significant masking problems were found for both the total and partial masking of high-, medium-, and low-priority reserved alarm sounds. Application We show that discovered problems can be mitigated by setting alarm volumes to standard values based on priority level and by randomizing the timing of alarm tones.