bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the spatial distribution of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica, and its natural enemies, using geospatial models
Authors: Shrestha Govinda , Rijal Jhalendra P , Reddy Gadi V P 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding the spatio‐temporal dynamics of prey and predator distributions can provide valuable insights into pest management strategies and conservation of natural enemies in agro‐ecosystems. The alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), is an economically important pest of alfalfa throughout the western United States. Coccinellids and nabids are among the most important natural enemies of this species, contributing to the biological control of H. postica in alfalfa fields. The spatio‐temporal dynamics of H. postica and these two predator groups were investigated using 81 (= 9 × 9 grid) sample points in each of five alfalfa fields in north‐central Montana. The data were analyzed using variogram and spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE).RESULTSVariogram analysis revealed the spatial dependence (aggregation) of H. postica in 17 of 19 sampling times for larvae, and three of 12 sampling times for adults. Using SADIE, statistically significant aggregation distribution was evident in four of 19 sampling times for larvae, and five of 12 sampling times for adults of H. postica. Combined variogram and SADIE showed strong evidence of spatial aggregation of H. postica larval population (~95%) while a moderate level of aggregation in the adult population (~67%) of the sampling times analyzed. The average aggregation distances based on the range value of the variogram were 22.3 m and 14.7 m for larvae and adults, respectively. Based on variogram results, populations of natural enemies, coccinellids and Nabis spp. were found spatially aggregated in 57.9% and 5.6% of the sampling times, respectively. SADIE further supported the variogram results as coccinellid populations (52.6% of sampling times) were highly aggregated in contrast with the Nabis spp. populations (5.6% of sampling times) in alfalfa fields. There was no evidence of significant spatial synchrony between H. postica and its predators, coccinellids and Nabis spp.CONCLUSIONOur study was able to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of H. postica and its two natural enemies (coccinellids and nabids) in irrigated alfalfa fields. The possible implications of these findings for integrated pest management (IPM) of alfalfa weevil populations are discussed.
Identification and application of bacterial volatiles to attract a generalist aphid parasitoid: from laboratory to greenhouse assays
Authors: Goelen Tim , Vuts József , Sobhy Islam S , Wäckers Felix , Caulfield John C , Birkett Michael A , Rediers Hans , Jacquemyn Hans , Lievens Bart 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent studies have shown that microorganisms emit volatile compounds that affect insect behaviour. However, it remains largely unclear whether microbes can be exploited as a source of attractants to improve biological control of insect pests. In this study, we used a combination of coupled gas chromatography‐electroantennography (GC–EAG) and Y‐tube olfactometer bioassays to identify attractive compounds in the volatile extracts of three bacterial strains that are associated with the habitat of the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani, and to create mixtures of synthetic compounds to find attractive blends for A. colemani. Subsequently, the most attractive blend was evaluated in two‐choice cage experiments under greenhouse conditions.RESULTSGC–EAG analysis revealed 20 compounds that were linked to behaviourally attractive bacterial strains. A mixture of two EAG‐active compounds, styrene and benzaldehyde applied at a respective dose of 1 μg and 10 ng, was more attractive than the single compounds or the culture medium of the bacteria in Y‐tube olfactometer bioassays. Application of this synthetic mixture under greenhouse conditions resulted in significant attraction of the parasitoids, and outperformed application of the bacterial culture medium.CONCLUSIONCompounds isolated from bacterial blends were capable of attracting parasitoids both in laboratory and greenhouse assays, indicating that microbial cultures are an effective source of insect attractants. This opens new opportunities to attract and retain natural enemies of pest species and to enhance biological pest control.
The innate immune response in Zika virus infection
Authors: Rodrigues de Sousa Jorge , Azevedo Raimunda do Socorro da Silva , Quaresma Juarez Antônio Simões , Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando da Costa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) was discovered in 1947 in Uganda, Africa, from the serum of a sentinel Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). It is an enveloped, positive‐sense, single‐stranded RNA virus, which encodes a single polyprotein that is cleaved into 10 individual proteins. In 2015, the Zika‐epidemic in Brazil was marked mainly by the exponential growth of microcephaly cases and other congenital defects. With regard to host–pathogen relationships, understanding the role of the immune response in the pathogenesis ZIKV infection is challenging. The innate immune response is the first‐line immunological defence, in which pathogen‐associated molecular patterns are recognized by pattern‐recognition receptors that trigger macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and endothelial cells to produce several mediators, which modulate viral replication and immune evasion. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge on the innate immune response against ZIKV.
Environmental control of macrophyte traits and interactions with metabolism and hydromorphology in a groundwater‐fed river
Authors: Reitsema Rosanne E. , Preiner Stefan , Meire Patrick , Hein Thomas , Dai Yanran , Schoelynck Jonas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMacrophytes are important organisms in running water systems, having a decisive role in ecological processes and interactions. Their temporal and spatial distribution in streams can be highly variable, and this is often determined by flow velocity. In this study, macrophyte growth, morphology and nutrient stoichiometry were studied monthly during one growing season in reaches with different flow velocity and flow velocity distribution and, as a result, different distributional plant patterns in an Austrian lowland stream, dominated by evergreen macrophyte species, Berula erecta. Flow velocity, water depth, fine sediment layer depth and metabolism were measured in the stream and the correlation with plant biomass and morphological traits was tested. We aimed to study differences between reaches with different distributional plant patterns and whether common interactions between macrophytes and flow velocity can also be observed when vegetation is evergreen. Plant biomass showed seasonal variation, with the highest values in June and the lowest in February. In the reach with low flow velocity and homogeneous macrophyte distribution, biomass peaked in summer and plant morphology changed with the seasons, whereas biomass and morphology in the reach with high flow velocity and patchy distribution were more constant throughout the year. Plant carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content were higher in spring and autumn than in summer, whereas biogenic silica accumulated over the course of the growth season. Stream metabolism was strongly correlated with macrophyte biomass, and this correlation was stronger in the reach with homogeneous macrophyte distribution than in the reach with a patchy distribution. Moreover, average leaf area and stem length were positively correlated with fine sediment layer depth, and negatively with flow velocity. The results stress the importance of macrophyte growth and morphology in river processes like metabolism, hydromorphology and nutrient dynamics: especially plant morphology plays an important role in macrophyte–flow interactions.
P‐13: Large Subthreshold Swing of LTPS TFTs by Efficient Annealing Method for Light Emitting Diode Displays
Authors: Saito Takao , Kanzaki Yosuke , Miwa Masahiko , Yamanaka Masaki , Sun Yi , Kaneko Seiji , Kataoka Yoshiharu 
Published: September 2020

In the OLED backplane process, we have succeeded in controlling the TFT characteristics by optimizing the condition of hydrogenation annealing. This resulted in the good gray level control of the OLED display.We have finally developed the OLED smartphone display using this technology.
Potential nanoparticle applications for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID‐19
Authors: Kusumoputro Sydney , Tseng Shannon , Tse Jonathan , Au Christian , Lau Candice , Wang Xiang , Xia Tian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) poses an unprecedented challenge to establish effective methods of prevention and treatment. Nanotechnology has shown excellent potential in its ability to fight a variety of healthcare problems due to nanomaterials’ unique physicochemical properties and controlled nano‐bio interactions. Expanding their application to a wide‐range of upstream and downstream approaches is necessary to fight COVID‐19. At different stages of this virus‐caused disease, nanotechnology could offer promising solutions, including a way to combat the large number of fatalities caused by a late‐stage cytokine storm. This mini‐review provides an overview of the recent studies regarding nanoparticles’ applications in vaccines, personal protective equipment, sterilization of contaminated environments, diagnostic testing, and cytokine reduction treatment in combating COVID‐19.
Effective reinforcement of hydrogen‐bonding assembly silica‐graphene hybrid in natural rubber
Authors: Jiang Licong , Huang Kai , Wang Yuchao , Wang Jingchao , Zheng Xingfu , Du Yuqian , Zhao Shuai , Xin Zhenxiang , Li Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSilica‐graphene hybrid (HGKS) with good dispersion and strong interfacial interactions was fabricated by hydrogenbonding assembly. HGKS was incorporated into natural rubber (NR) to develop high‐performance tire treads. During vulcanized process of HGKS filled NR (NR/HGKS), HGKS can participate in the process to form dual dynamic network structure. The interfacial interaction between HGKS and NR due to the dispersion of HGKS was investigated. The strong covalent interaction between NR and HGKS is the most important factor to determine the ultimate performance of rubber composites. In this contribution, a series of HGKS with different hybrid grafting ratio are prepared to reveal the effects of changes in filler surface properties on the structure and mechanical properties of rubber composites. It has been demonstrated that it is an effective hybrid technique to drastically improve its dispersibility in NR and form strong interfacial reactions, and HGKS is expected to be used as a new type of reinforcing filler for the manufacture of high‐performance green tire materials.
Review of control strategy of large horizontal‐axis wind turbines yaw system
Authors: Yang Jian , Fang Lingqi , Song Dongran , Su Mei , Yang Xuebing , Huang Lingxiang , Joo Young Hoon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to meet the increasing demand of wind energy utilization, wind turbines (WTs) are developing toward the trend of large size and large capacity. In such a trend, various advanced yaw control strategies have been proposed to improve large WTs' comprehensive performance, but the analysis and summary of these strategies are still lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to have a review of yaw control, which not only enables readers to understand the current status of yaw control research but also promotes the development of wind energy technology. This paper presents a review of the current situation of yaw control for WTs, focusing on the mechanical/aerodynamic parts. The mechanical part is concerned with the WT yaw system and its effect on the fatigue load of the WT, and the aerodynamic part involves the wind energy capture and wake redirection to reduce the impact on adjacent WTs. In this review, the existing yaw control methods are classified in term of three control objectives: (1) increasing the wind energy capture of a single WT, (2) reducing the fatigue load of a single WT, and (3) maximizing the total power production of the whole wind farm and optimizing the wind farm fatigue load. On this basis, the control mechanism, the control algorithm, and the results are presented and analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of the existing achievements are discussed. In addition, in a conclusion of the review, the future research direction has been identified.
Advances in cell penetrating peptides and their functionalization of polymeric nanoplatforms for drug delivery
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCell penetrating peptides (CPPs), known as protein translocation domains, have emerged as efficient molecular transporters to overcome biological barriers and deliver cell‐impermeable cargoes into cells. The conjugation of CPPs to polymeric nanoplatforms enhances the drug delivery efficiency thus increasing their therapeutic efficacy. However, conventional CPPs are generally lack of cell specificity and could be easily degraded in vivo. These limitations lead to the development of new CPPs with superior properties. To address the issue of cell specificity, activatable CPPs have been designed to be activated at desired site through different stimuli. On the other hand, macrocyclization has been used to constrain linear CPPs into their cyclic forms. This chemical optimization of peptides endows CPPs with enhanced stability and cell permeability. This brief review will cover recent advances in terms of different types of CPPs for enhanced cell penetration. In addition, the modification chemistry used to functionalize polymeric nanoplatforms with CPPs and their recent applications for drug delivery will also be discussed.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Lattice Solutions in a Ginzburg–Landau Model for a Chiral Magnet
Authors: Li Xinye , Melcher Christof 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examine micromagnetic pattern formation in chiral magnets, driven by the competition of Heisenberg exchange, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, easy-plane anisotropy and thermodynamic Landau potentials. Based on equivariant bifurcation theory, we prove existence of lattice solutions branching off the zero magnetization state and investigate their stability. We observe in particular the stabilization of quadratic vortex–antivortex lattice configurations and instability of hexagonal skyrmion lattice configurations, and we illustrate our findings by numerical studies.
EHMT1 regulates Parvalbumin-positive interneuron development and GABAergic input in sensory cortical areas
Authors: Negwer Moritz , Piera Karol , Hesen Rick , Lütje Lukas , Aarts Lynn , Schubert Dirk , Nadif Kasri Nael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMutations in the Euchromatic Histone Methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1) gene cause Kleefstra syndrome, a rare form of intellectual disability (ID) with strong autistic traits and sensory processing deficits. Proper development of inhibitory interneurons is crucial for sensory function. Here we report a timeline of Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneuron development in the three most important sensory cortical areas in the Ehmt1+/− mouse. We find a hitherto unreported delay of PV+ neuron maturation early in sensory development, with layer- and region-specific variability later in development. The delayed PV+ maturation is also reflected in a delayed maturation of GABAergic transmission in Ehmt1+/− auditory cortex, where we find a reduced GABA release probability specifically in putative PV+ synapses. Together with earlier reports of excitatory impairments in Ehmt1+/− neurons, we propose a shift in excitatory-inhibitory balance towards overexcitability in Ehmt1+/− sensory cortices as a consequence of early deficits in inhibitory maturation.
Deep autoencoder for false positive reduction in handgun detection
Authors: Vallez Noelia , Velasco-Mata Alberto , Deniz Oscar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn an object detection system, the main objective during training is to maintain the detection and false positive rates under acceptable levels when the model is run over the test set. However, this typically translates into an unacceptable rate of false alarms when the system is deployed in a real surveillance scenario. To deal with this situation, which often leads to system shutdown, we propose to add a filter step to discard part of the new false positive detections that are typical of the new scenario. This step consists of a deep autoencoder trained with the false alarm detections generated after running the detector over a period of time in the new scenario. Therefore, this step will be in charge of determining whether the detection is a typical false alarm of that scenario or whether it is something anomalous for the autoencoder and, therefore, a true detection. In order to decide whether a detection must be filtered, three different approaches have been tested. The first one uses the autoencoder reconstruction error measured with the mean squared error to make the decision. The other two use the k-NN (k-nearest neighbors) and one-class SVMs (support vector machines) classifiers trained with the autoencoder vector representation. In addition, a synthetic scenario has been generated with Unreal Engine 4 to test the proposed methods in addition to a dataset with real images. The results obtained show a reduction in the number of false positives between 22.5% and 87.2% and an increase in the system’s precision of 1.2%$$-47$$

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47

% when the autoencoder is applied.
Bioaerosol measurements over a fattening period in a pig barn focused on the presence of Staphylococcus spp.
Authors: Haas D. , Köck S. , Fritz Th. , Galler H. , Habib J. , Kropsch M. , Miskovic T. , Pless P. , Stonitsch M. , Zentner E. , Reinthaler F. F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe investigation of bioaerosols in the recent years has become more important both indoors and outdoors. Due to expanding of livestock farm capacity, raising attention is paid to this source of emissions. The objective of the present study was to estimate the distribution of bioaerosols in the animal husbandry and its surroundings. Over 2 fattening periods with different animal ages and weights, the main emphasis was put on the total concentrations of mesophilic bacteria andStaphylococcusspp., especially the speciesS. aureus. The bioaerosols were sucked in with an AGI-30 Impinger, and nasal and neck skinfold swab samples were collected supplementary from randomly selected pigs. From the first series of measurements, the total concentration of mesophilic bacteria was 6.2 × 105 cfu/m3and dropped to 2.6 × 105 cfu/m3with increasing growth of the swine. The concentration ofStaphylococcusspp. was 8.8 × 104 cfu/m3and decreased to 9.4 × 103 cfu/m3by the end. In the empty barn, the total concentration of mesophilic bacteria was 9.1 × 104 cfu/m3and forStaphylococcusspp., 1.1 × 104 cfu/m3. At the beginning of the second series of measurements, the total concentration of mesophilic bacteria was 6.6 × 104 cfu/m3and dropped to 4.4 × 104 cfu/m3with the increasing growth of the piglets. The concentrations ofStaphylococcusspp. fluctuated along the second measurement series. The speciesStaphylococcus aureuswas detected in nasal swabs of selected swine including MRSA. Temperature and humidity had no influence on the concentrations of mesophilic bacteria in the swine barn.
Impacts of hydrological model calibration on projected hydrological changes under climate change—a multi-model assessment in three large river basins
Authors: Huang Shaochun , Shah Harsh , Naz Bibi S. , Shrestha Narayan , Mishra Vimal , Daggupati Prasad , Ghimire Uttam , Vetter Tobias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the influence of hydrological model calibration/validation on discharge projections for three large river basins (the Rhine, Upper Mississippi and Upper Yellow). Three hydrological models (HMs), which have been firstly calibrated against the monthly discharge at the outlet of each basin (simple calibration), were re-calibrated against the daily discharge at the outlet and intermediate gauges under contrast climate conditions simultaneously (enhanced calibration). In addition, the models were validated in terms of hydrological indicators of interest (median, low and high flows) as well as actual evapotranspiration in the historical period. The models calibrated using both calibration methods were then driven by the same bias corrected climate projections from five global circulation models (GCMs) under four Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCPs). The hydrological changes of the indicators were represented by the ensemble median, ensemble mean and ensemble weighted means of all combinations of HMs and GCMs under each RCP. The results showed moderate (5–10%) to strong influence (> 10%) of the calibration methods on the ensemble medians/means for the Mississippi, minor to moderate (up to 10%) influence for the Yellow and minor (< 5%) influence for the Rhine. In addition, the enhanced calibration/validation method reduced the shares of uncertainty related to HMs for three indicators in all basins when the strict weighting method was used. It also showed that the successful enhanced calibration had the potential to reduce the uncertainty of hydrological projections, especially when the HM uncertainty was significant after the simple calibration.
Identification and characterization of deschloro-chlorothricin obtained from a large natural product library targeting aurora A kinase in multiple myeloma
Authors: Özenver Nadire , Abdelfatah Sara , Klinger Anette , Fleischer Edmond , Efferth Thomas 
Published: September 2020

SummaryMultiple myeloma (MM) is a devastating disease with low survival rates worldwide. The mean lifetime of patients may be extendable with new drug alternatives. Aurora A kinase (AURKA) is crucial in oncogenesis, because its overexpression or amplification may incline the development of various types of cancer, including MM. Therefore, inhibitors of AURKA are innovative and promising targets. Natural compounds always represented a valuable resource for anticancer drug development. In the present study, based on virtual drug screening of more than 48,000 natural compounds, the antibiotic deschloro-chlorotricin (DCCT) has been identified to bind to AURKA with even higher binding affinity (free bindung energy: −12.25 kcal/mol) than the known AURKA inhibitor, alisertib (free binding energy: −11.25 kcal/mol). The in silico studies have been verified in vitro by using microscale thermophoresis. DCCT inhibited MM cell lines (KMS-11, L-363, RPMI-8226, MOLP-8, OPM-2, NCI-H929) with IC50 values in a range from 0.01 to 0.12 μM. Furthermore, DCCT downregulated AURKA protein expression, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and disturbed the cellular microtubule network as determined by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Thus, DCCT may be a promising lead structure for further derivatization and the development of specific AURKA inhibitors in MM therapy.