bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Chloramphenicol and Nitrofuran Metabolites in Cobia, Croaker, and Shrimp Using Microwave-Assisted Derivatization, Automated SPE, and LC-MS/MS–Results from a U.S. Food and Drug Administration Level Three Inter-Laboratory Study
Authors: Veach Brian T ,   Collaborators, Bandara N , Broadaway B , Casey C , Fong A , Karmakar A , Mayweather M , Morara A , Williams N , Wright B , Ye L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
An interlaboratory study was conducted to test a published, peer-reviewed manuscript in the Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL Vol 98, No. 3, 2015, “Quantitation of Chloramphenicol and Nitrofuran Metabolites in Aquaculture Products Using Microwave-Assisted Derivatization, Automated Solid-Phase Extraction, and LC-MS/MS.”

Objective
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the performance of the method in shrimp, cobia, and croaker matrices.

Method
Three U.S. Food and Drug Administration laboratories participated in the collaborative study. The laboratories tested matrix blanks and laboratory-fortified matrix blanks at various levels in three separate matrices. The method evaluation included determination of the LOQ, accuracy, and precision.

Results
The reproducibility and repeatability of the RSD, % levels for matrix spikes fortified below the action level were &lt; 10% for all residues in shrimp, &lt; 13% for all residues in cobia except for 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone which was ≤ 22%, and &lt; 16% for croaker. The RSD, % levels for all other spikes in the study were &lt; 14%. Average percent recoveries for all matrices ranged from 81.6% – 102%.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated that the method is acceptable for use for the combined determination of chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites in the study matrices.

Highlights
The study showed acceptable quantitation for the high-throughput chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites method.
Who Convened the First Council of Nicaea: Constantine or Ossius?
Authors: Fernández Samuel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The ancient church historians affirmed that it was Constantine himself who convened the Council of Nicaea. However, a chronological examination of the contemporary documents shows that the convocation of Nicaea was quite different. This essay aims to examine the origin of the idea of holding the Nicene council. According to the available data, Ossius of Cordoba convened the great episcopal council that was to be held at Ancyra but ultimately occurred in Nicaea. Although Constantine’s participation was decisive for the success of Nicaea, the study of the historical sources indicates that the original idea of holding the council that ultimately occurred at Nicaea must be credited to Ossius.
Effect of Age on Longitudinal Changes in Symptoms, Function, and Outcome in the First Year After Mild-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Thompson Hilaire J. , Rivara Frederick P. , Wang Jin 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe and compare the recovery and disability trajectory at 1 year post injury for younger and older adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Individuals 21 years and older with mild to moderate TBI were recruited from the emergency department (n = 33). We measured symptoms, function (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, Functional Status Examination), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post injury. RESULTS: Whereas the total number of symptoms does not differ between younger and older adults after TBI, the specific constellation of symptoms experienced does. Older adults are more likely to experience physical symptoms such as fatigue, balance, and coordination problems as well as complain of being bothered by noise. Younger adults, in contrast, endorse more psychological symptoms such as anxiety. Functioning as measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended and Functional Status Examination was lower in older adults at 1 year post injury. Physical HRQOL was consistently poorer in the year post injury among older adults compared with younger adults after TBI. Mental HRQOL, in contrast, was higher in older adults post TBI at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: During the first year post TBI, older adults report different symptom clusters than do younger adults post TBI. To foster improved recovery and HRQOL in the older adult post TBI, nursing management strategies should focus on balance, coordination, and energy conservation.
Nurses' Knowledge of Opioids
Authors: Kaiser Jennifer 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The opioid crisis has influenced practice changes to mitigate risks to patients receiving opioids. It is essential that nurses understand contemporary guidelines to provide safe patient care for patients receiving opioids.

Purpose:
This study was designed to assess general knowledge of opioids among nurses in nonprescribing patient care roles.

Methods:
A survey was developed, validated, and deployed to 564 nurses in a large hospital system.

Results:
Nurses had strong knowledge of basic pharmacology, the conjunctive use of nonopioids for pain relief, and differences in analgesia for chronic versus acute pain. Opportunity for education included risk factors for opioid-related adverse events, medication combinations, differences in opioid tolerant and opioid-naïve patients, and recognition and management of overdose.

Conclusions:
Results of this study can be used to guide continuing education and academic curricula to ensure nurses are equipped with the key knowledge to provide safe quality clinical care and patient education.
Vitamin C and thiamine are associated with lower mortality in sepsis
Authors: Byerly Saskya , Parreco Joshua P. , Soe-Lin Hahn , Parks Jonathan J. , Lee Eugenia E. , Shnaydman Ilya , Mantero Alejandro , Yeh D. Dante , Namias Nicholas , Rattan Rishi 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND
The efficacy of vitamin C (VitC) and thiamine (THMN) in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of VitC and THMN on mortality and lactate clearance in ICU patients. We hypothesized that survival and lactate clearance would be improved when treated with thiamine and/or VitC.

METHODS
The Philips eICU database version 2.0 was queried for patients admitted to the ICU in 2014 to 2015 for 48 hours or longer and patients with sepsis and an elevated lactate of 2.0 mmol/L or greater. Subjects were categorized according to the receipt of VitC, THMN, both, or neither. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcome was lactate clearance defined as lactate less than 2.0 mmol/L achieved after maximum lactate. Univariable comparisons included age, sex, race, Acute Physiology Score III, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IVa score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, surgical ICU admission status, intubation status, hospital region, liver disease, vasopressors, steroids, VitC and THMN orders. Kaplan-Meier curves, logistic regression, propensity score matching, and competing risks modeling were constructed.

RESULTS
Of 146,687 patients from 186 hospitals, 7.7% (n = 11,330) were included. Overall mortality was 25.9% (n = 2,930). Evidence in favor of an association between VitC and/or THMN administration, and survival was found on log rank test (all p < 0.001). After controlling for confounding factors, VitC (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.69 [0.50–0.95]) and THMN (AOR, 0.71 [0.55–0.93]) were independently associated with survival and THMN was associated with lactate clearance (AOR, 1.50 [1.22–1.96]). On competing risk model VitC (AOR, 0.675 [0.463–0.983]), THMN (AOR, 0.744 [0.569–0.974]), and VitC+THMN (AOR, 0.335 [0.13–0.865]) were associated with survival but not lactate clearance. For subgroup analysis of patients on vasopressors, VitC+THMN were associated with lactate clearance (AOR, 1.85 [1.05–3.24]) and survival (AOR, 0.223 [0.0678–0.735]).

CONCLUSION
VitC+THMN is associated with increased survival in septic ICU patients. Randomized, multicenter trials are needed to better understand their effects on outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic Study, Level IV.
Preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against introductions of 2019-nCoV
Authors: Gilbert Marius , Pullano Giulia , Pinotti Francesco , Valdano Eugenio , Poletto Chiara , Boëlle Pierre-Yves , D’Ortenzio Eric , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Eholie Serge Paul , Altmann Mathias , Gutierrez Bernardo , Kraemer Moritz U.G. , Colizza Vittoria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) epidemic has spread to 23 countries from China. Local cycles of transmission already occurred in 7 countries following case importation. No African country has reported cases yet. The management and control of 2019-nCoV introductions heavily relies on country’s health capacity. Here we evaluate the preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against their risk of importation of 2019-nCoV.MethodsWe used data on air travel volumes departing from airports in the infected provinces in China and directed to Africa to estimate the risk of introduction per country. We determined the country’s capacity to detect and respond to cases with two indicators: preparedness, using the WHO International Health Regulation Monitoring and Evaluation Framework; and vulnerability, with the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index. Countries were clustered according to the Chinese regions contributing the most to their risk.FindingsCountries at the highest importation risk (Egypt, Algeria, Republic of South Africa) have moderate to high capacity to respond to outbreaks. Countries at moderate risk (Nigeria, Ethiopia, Sudan, Angola, Tanzania, Ghana, Kenya) have variable capacity and high vulnerability. Three clusters of countries are identified that share the same exposure to the risk originating from the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and Beijing, respectively.InterpretationSeveral countries in Africa are stepping up their preparedness to detect and cope with 2019-nCoV importations. Resources and intensified surveillance and capacity capacity should be urgently prioritized towards countries at moderate risk that may be ill-prepared to face the importation and to limit onward transmission.FundingThis study was partially supported by the ANR project DATAREDUX (ANR-19-CE46-0008-03) to VC; the EU grant MOOD (H2020-874850) to MG, CP, MK, PYB, VC.
Posture adjustment method for large components of aircraft based on hybrid force-position control
Authors: Chu Wenmin , Huang Xiang 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Flexible tooling for adjusting the posture of large components of aircraft (LCA) is composed of several numerical control locators (NCLs). Because of the manufacture and installation errors of NCL, the traditional control method of NCL may cause great interaction force between NCLs and form the internal force of LCA during the process of posture adjustment. Aiming at this problem, the purpose of this paper is to propose a control method for posture adjustment system based on hybrid force-position control (HFPC) to reduce the internal force of posture adjustment.

Design/methodology/approach
First of all, the causes of internal force of posture adjustment were analyzed by using homogeneous transformation matrix and inverse kinematics. Then, axles of NCLs were divided into position control axle and force control axle based on the screw theory, and the dynamic characteristics of each axle were simulated by MATLAB. Finally, a simulated posture adjustment system was built in the laboratory to carry out HFPC experiment and was compared with the other two traditional control methods for posture adjustment.

Findings
The experiment results show that HFPC method for redundant actuated parallel mechanism (RAPM) can significantly reduce the interaction force between NCLs.

Originality/value
In this paper, HFPC is applied to the control of the posture adjustment system, which reduces the internal force of LCA and improves the assembly quality of aircraft parts.
General practitioners' training and their attitudes towards young people who self‐harm: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Moriarty Amy , Nearchou Finiki , Byrne Michael , Cullen Walter , Hennessy Eilis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimSelf‐harm is common among adolescents and young adults and carries increased risk of suicide and other negative outcomes, yet only a small proportion will seek professional help. General practitioners (GPs) are a potentially valuable source of help as most young people visit their GP regularly for other reasons. The primary aim of this research was to explore GPs' empathy and attitudes towards young people who self‐harm and how these are related to GP specialist training.MethodGPs completed questionnaires regarding their training, levels of empathy, perceived knowledge and attitudes towards young people who self‐harm. The cross‐sectional design included a random sample of 178 GPs and 47 GPs‐in‐training in the Republic of Ireland. Bootstrapped mediation analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to explore the pattern of relationships among GP‐training, empathy, perceived knowledge of self‐harm and attitudes towards youth who self‐harm.ResultsThe SEM results revealed that the model had a very good fit to the data. Empathy was the strongest predictor of attitudes towards self‐harm even if GPs had received youth mental health training and fully mediated the effect of youth mental health training on perceived knowledge of self‐harm. Specialized training in self‐harm was a stronger predictor of perceived knowledge than empathy but had no association with negative attitudes.ConclusionsThe findings emphasize positive outcomes associated with GP training and highlight potential differences in the effects associated with specific vs general training in youth mental health. These differences may be used to inform the design and implementation of continuing professional development.
Co‐culture of human fibroblasts, smooth muscle and endothelial cells promotes osteopontin induction in hypoxia
Authors: Sadaghianloo Nirvana , Contenti Julie , Dufies Maeva , Parola Julien , Rouleau Matthieu , Lee Shinrong , Peyron Jean‐François , Fabbri Lucilla , Hassen‐Khodja Réda , Pouysségur Jacques , Bost Frédéric , Jean‐Baptiste Elixène , Dardik Alan , Mazure Nathalie M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractArteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred vascular access for haemodialysis of patients suffering from end‐stage renal disease, a worldwide public health problem. However, they are prone to a high rate of failure due to neointimal hyperplasia and stenosis. This study aimed to determine if osteopontin (OPN) was induced in hypoxia and if OPN could be responsible for driving AVF failure. Identification of new factors that participate in remodelling of AVFs is a challenge. Three cell lines representing the cells of the three layers of the walls of arteries and veins, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, were tested in mono‐ and co‐culture in vitro for OPN expression and secretion in normoxia compared to hypoxia after silencing the hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIF‐1α, HIF‐2α and HIF‐1/2α) with siRNA or after treatment with an inhibitor of NF‐kB. None of the cells in mono‐culture showed OPN induction in hypoxia, whereas cells in co‐culture secreted OPN in hypoxia. The changes in oxygenation that occur during AVF maturation up‐regulate secretion of OPN through cell‐cell interactions between the different cell layers that form AVF, and in turn, these promote endothelial cell proliferation and could participate in neointimal hyperplasia.
Research on Improved Simplified SCWR Assembly and Core Design
Authors: Lei Yao , Bangyang Xia , Di Lu , Lianjie Wang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A new type of simplified assembly without “water rod” or solid moderator is identified to simplify China Supercritical Water-cooled Reactor with the rated electric power of 1000 MWel (CSR1000) core structure. A study on the properties of this new assembly has been carried out. Under the condition of heat full power, maximum cladding surface temperature (MCST) is 658 °C, very close to safety criterion 650 °C, and maximum linear heat generation rate (MLHGR) is 40.0 kW/m, slightly higher than safety criterion 39 kW/m. Considering rod stuck criterion, the maximum keff is 0.9833, lower than safety criterion 0.99. The discharge burn-up reduced to 21368 MWd/t, a sharp decreasing of 31.1%. This simplified assembly provides a new idea for solving the problem of complex structure of supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR).
Neurokinin-1 antagonist orvepitant for EGFRI-induced pruritus in patients with cancer: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase II trial
Authors: Vincenzi Bruno , Trower Mike , Duggal Ajay , Guglielmini Pamela , Harris Peter , Jackson David , Lacouture Mario E , Ratti Emiliangelo , Tonini Giuseppe , Wood Andrew , Ständer Sonja 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of orvepitant (10 or 30 mg given once daily, orally for 4 weeks), a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, compared with placebo in reducing the intensity of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRI)-induced intense pruritus.DesignRandomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Setting15 hospitals in Italy and five hospitals in the UK.Participants44 patients aged ≥18 years receiving an EGFRI for a histologically confirmed malignant solid tumour and experiencing moderate or intense pruritus after EGFRI treatment.Intervention30 or 10 mg orvepitant or placebo tablets once daily for 4 weeks (randomised 1:1:1).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary endpoint was change from baseline in mean patient-recorded numerical rating scale (NRS) score (over the last three recordings) at week 4. Secondary outcome measures were NRS score, verbal rating scale score, Skindex-16 and Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire at each study visit (baseline, weeks 1, 4, 8); rescue medication use; EGFRI dose reduction; and study withdrawal because of intense uncontrolled pruritus.ResultsThe trial was terminated early because of recruitment challenges; only 44 of the planned 90 patients were randomised. All patients were analysed for efficacy and safety. Mean NRS score change from baseline to week 4 was −2.78 (SD: 2.64) points in the 30 mg group, −3.04 (SD: 3.06) points in the 10 mg group and −3.21 (SD: 1.77) points in the placebo group; the difference between orvepitant and placebo was not statistically significant. No safety signal was detected. Adverse events related to orvepitant (asthenia, dizziness, dry mouth, hyperhidrosis) were all of mild or moderate severity.ConclusionsOrvepitant was safe and well tolerated. No difference in NRS score between the orvepitant and placebo groups was observed at the week 4 primary endpoint. A number of explanations for this outcome are possible.Trial registration numberEudraCT2013-002763-25.
Antiviral therapy: Valacyclovir Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (VALAD) Trial: protocol for a randomised, double-blind,placebo-controlled, treatment trial
Authors: Devanand D P , Andrews Howard , Kreisl William C , Razlighi Qolamreza , Gershon Anne , Stern Yaakov , Mintz Akiva , Wisniewski Thomas , Acosta Edward , Pollina Julianna , Katsikoumbas Mariasofia , Bell Karen L , Pelton Gregory H , Deliyannides Deborah , Prasad K M , Huey Edward D 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionAfter infection, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV1) becomes latent in the trigeminal ganglion and can enter the brain via retrograde axonal transport. Recurrent reactivation of HSV1 may lead to neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. HSV1 (oral herpes) and HSV2 (genital herpes) can trigger amyloid beta-protein (Aβ) aggregation and HSV1 DNA is common in amyloid plaques. Anti-HSV drugs reduce Aβ and phosphorylated tau accumulation in cell-culture models. Cognitive impairment is greater in patients with HSV seropositive, and antiviral drugs show robust efficacy against peripheral HSV infection. Recent studies of electronic health records databases demonstrate that HSV infections increase dementia risk, and that antiviral medication treatment reduces this risk. The generic antiviral drug valacyclovir was superior to placebo in improving memory in a schizophrenia pilot trial but has not been tested in AD.Methods and analysisIn patients with mild AD who test positive for HSV1 or HSV2 serum antibodies, valacyclovir, repurposed as an anti-AD drug, will be compared with placebo (lactose pills) in 130 patients (65 valacyclovir and 65 placebo) in a randomised, double-blind, 78-week phase II proof-of-concept trial. Patients on valacyclovir, dose-titrated from 2 g to a targeted oral dose of 4 g daily, compared with placebo, are hypothesised to show smaller cognitive and functional decline, and, using18F-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) and18F-MK-6240 PET imaging, to show less amyloid and tau accumulation, respectively. In the lumbar puncture subsample, cerebrospinal fluid acyclovir will be assayed to assess central nervous system valacyclovir penetration.Ethics and disseminationThe trial is being overseen by the New York State Psychiatric Institute Institutional Review Board (protocol 7537), the National Institute on Ageing, and the Data Safety Monitoring Board. Written informed consent is obtained for all subjects. Results will be disseminated via publication, clinicaltrials.gov, media and conferences.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT03282916) Pre-results.