bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of anabaena lipoxygenase on whole wheat dough properties and bread quality
Authors: Shi Kexin , Wang Pei , Zhang Chong , Lu Zhaoxin , Chen Meirong , Lu Fengxia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effects of the purified recombinant anabaena lipoxygenase (ana‐rLOX) on the rheological characteristics of whole wheat dough and the quality of bread were investigated. The lightness of whole wheat dough supplemented with ana‐rLOX was improved, which is superior to that of dough treated with benzoyl peroxide. The effect of ana‐rLOX on the strength of dough was analyzed by farinograph, extensograph, and dynamic rheological tests. Compared with the control, the stability time of dough treated with 40 IU/g ana‐rLOX increased by 35.4% and the farinograph quality number increased by 27.4%. In addition, the resistance to extension, as well as the elastic and viscous modulus, was improved by ana‐rLOX in a dose‐dependent manner. The height and specific volume of bread treated with ana‐rLOX increased by 17.3 and 15.2%, respectively, compared with the control, and the lightless, whiteness, and other textural parameters, such as hardness, springiness, chewiness, resilience, and gumminess, were significantly improved. Overall, the results of this study suggest the promising application of ana‐rLOX in enhancing quality of whole wheat flour.
Scale‐up of the Stepping On fall prevention program amongst older adults in NSW: Program reach and fall‐related health service use
Authors: Paul Serene S. , Li Qiang , Harvey Lara , Carroll Therese , Priddis Annabel , Tiedemann Anne , Clemson Lindy , Lord Stephen R. , Close Jacqueline C. T. , Sherrington Cathie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssue addressedWe describe the reach of the scale‐up of Stepping On, a fall prevention program targeting community‐dwellers aged ≥65 years in NSW, along with fall‐related ambulance service use and fall‐related hospitalisations after scale‐up.MethodsData on program provision were received from Local Health Districts. Routinely collected fall‐related ambulance usage and hospital admissions in NSW residents aged ≥65 years between 2009 and 2015 were compared within Statistical Local Areas prior to and following the implementation of Stepping On using multilevel models.ResultsBetween 2009 and 2014 the program was delivered in 1077 sites to 10 096 older adults. Rates of fall‐related ambulance use and hospital admissions per 100‐person‐years were 1‐2 in people aged 66‐74, 4‐5 in people aged 75‐84 and 12‐13 in people aged ≥85. These rates increased over time (P < .001). The interaction between time and program delivery was not significant for fall‐related ambulance use or hospital admissions. The time‐related increase in fall‐related ambulance usage in people aged 75‐84 years may have been moderated by the Stepping On program (rate ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.93‐1.00, P = .045).ConclusionsThere was no indication of a reduced rate of fall‐related ambulance use or hospital admissions across the entire sample. Ambulance call‐outs for falls in people aged 75‐84 years may have reduced following program participation.So what?Program scale‐ups need to reach a large proportion of the target population with a focus on those groups contributing most to fall‐related health service utilisation. Linking individual participants’ health data as part of large‐scale evaluations may provide better insights into program outcomes.
The effect of storm movement on infiltration, runoff and soil erosion in a semi‐arid catchment
Authors: Ran Qihua , Wang Feng , Gao Jihui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRainfall characteristics are key factors influencing infiltration and runoff generation in catchment hydrology, particularly for arid and semiarid catchments. Although the effect of storm movement on rainfall‐runoff processes has been evaluated and emphasized since the 1960s, the effect on the infiltration process has barely been considered. In this study, a physically based distributed hydrological model (InHM) was applied to a typical semi‐arid catchment (Shejiagou, 4.26 km2) located in the Loess Plateau, China, to investigate the effect of storm movement on infiltration, runoff and soil erosion at the catchment scale. Simulations of 84 scenarios of storm movement were conducted, including storms moving across the catchment in both the upstream and downstream directions along the main channel, while in each direction considering four storm moving speeds, three rainfall depths and two storm ranges. The simulation results showed that, on both the hillslopes facing downstream (facing south) and in the main channel, the duration of the overland flow process under the upstream‐moving storms was longer than that under the downstream‐moving storms. Thus, the duration and volume of infiltration under upstream‐moving storms were larger in these areas. For the Shejiagou catchment, as there are more hillslopes facing downstream, more infiltration occurred under the upstream‐moving storms than the downstream‐moving storms. Therefore, downstream‐moving storms generated up to 69% larger total runoff and up to 351% more soil loss in the catchment than upstream‐moving storms. The difference in infiltration between the storms moving upstream and downstream decreased as the storm moving speed increased. The relative difference in total runoff and sediment yield between the storms moving upstream and downstream decreased with increasing rainfall depth and storm speed. The results of this study revealed that the infiltration differences under moving storms largely influenced the total runoff and sediment yield at the catchment scale, which is of importance in runoff prediction and flood management. The infiltration differences may be a potential factor leading to different groundwater, vegetation cover and ecology conditions for the different sides of the hillslopes.
Toward a new conceptual model for groundwater flow in merokarst systems: Insights from multiple geophysical approaches
Authors: Sullivan Pamela L. , Zhang Chi , Behm Michael , Zhang Fan , Macpherson G. L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMerokarst aquifers — relatively thin (<1–2 m) karstified carbonate units interbedded between mudstone, shale, or sandstone — constitute a significant proportion of carbonate terrain and underlie a large portion of the west‐ and south‐central USA, yet few advances have been made in our understanding of porosity development and flow‐path generation in these complex systems in decades. Toward this end, we used a multi‐geophysical approach at the well‐studied Konza Prairie Biological Station (KPBS), a part of the larger Flint Hills (25,734 km2), underlain by thin limestone units (1–2 m thick) interbedded with mudstone/shale units (2–4 m thick), to elucidate hydrologic connectivity and potential controls on known groundwater flow directions. We combined electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), surface and borehole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements across a low order catchment where over 25 boreholes and groundwater wells sampling perched aquifers could be used to constrain interpretation of lithology, potential flow paths, and permeability. Data revealed that groundwater export may be an unappreciated component of lateral‐flow‐dominated models used to represent merokarst in that: (a) potentiometric surfaces from two limestone units showed groundwater flows toward a hydrologic depression, opposite the direction of stream flow, in the upstream portion of the catchment, (b) long term measures of groundwater levels revealed a greater variance and overall water storage in this same upstream area compared to wells near the outlet, and (c) ERT and NMR results indicate pronounced lateral heterogeneity within a given unit, suggestive of a greater degree of vertical hydrological connectivity than usually considered for horizontally‐layered merokarst. Our data suggest vertical connectivity can shunt water to depth in these “sandwiched” merokarst aquifers, yielding atypical groundwater flow directions and unrealized deep export of weathering solutes and carbon.
Robust Likelihood-Based Approach for Automated Optimization and Uncertainty Analysis of Toxicokinetic-Toxicodynamic Models
Authors: Jager Tjalling 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models offer a mechanistic understanding of individual-level toxicity over time and allow for meaningful extrapolations from laboratory tests to exposure conditions in the field. Thereby, they hold great potential for ecotoxicological studies, both in a regulatory context as well as for basic research. In contrast to mechanistic effect models at higher levels of biological organization, TKTD models can be, and generally are, parameterized by fitting them to data (results from toxicity tests). Fitting models comes with a range of statistical and numerical challenges, which may hamper the application of TKTD models in a practical setting. Especially in the context of environmental risk assessment, there is a need for robust and user-friendly software tools to automatically extract the best-fitting model parameters and quantify their uncertainty from any data set. The study presents a general outline for TKTD model analysis, rooted in likelihood-based (“frequentist”) inference. The general outline is followed by a presentation of the specific algorithm that has been implemented into software for the robust and automated analysis of toxicity data for survival. However, the presented approach is more broadly applicable to low-dimensional problems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:388–397. © 2020 SETAC
KEY POINTS
Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models have been identified as useful tools for environmental risk assessment. Application in risk assessment is served by efficient and robust tools for optimization, uncertainty quantification, and error propagation to model predictions. I present a general statistical framework, using likelihood-based (frequentist) inference, and a specific algorithm derived from this framework that is used in software for automated analysis of survival data. The algorithm is illustrated with a case study, presenting rather common identifiability problems and discussing its implications.
Improving medical image fusion method using fuzzy entropy and nonsubsampling contourlet transform
Authors: Li Wei , Lin Qinyong , Wang Keqiang , Cai Ken 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany types of medical images must be fused, as single‐modality medical images can only provide limited information due to the imaging principles and the complexity of human organ structures. In this paper, a multimodal medical image fusion method that combines the advantages of nonsubsampling contourlet transform (NSCT) and fuzzy entropy is proposed to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and improve the accuracy of target recognition and the quality of fused images. An image is initially decomposed into low‐ and high‐frequency subbands through NSCT. The corresponding fusion rules are adopted in accordance with the different characteristics of the low‐ and high‐frequency components. The membership degree of low‐frequency coefficients is calculated. The fuzzy entropy is also computed and subsequently used to guide the fusion of coefficients to preserve image details. High‐frequency components are fused by maximizing the regional energy. The final fused image is obtained by inverse transformation. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves good fusion effect based on the subjective visual effect and objective evaluation criteria. This method can also obtain high average gradient, SD, and edge preservation and effectively retain the details of the fused image. The results of the proposed algorithm can provide effective reference for doctors to assess patient condition.
Thymoquinone attenuates doxorubicin‐cardiotoxicity in rats
Authors: Karabulut Derya , Ozturk Emel , Kaymak Emin , Akin Ali Tuğrul , Yakan Birkan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContrary to the fact that doxorubicin is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of neoplastic diseases, cardiotoxicity is too important to be ignored. Thymoquinone serves as a powerful free radical scavenger. In the study, the effects of thymoquinone against doxorubicin‐cardiotoxicity will be evaluated. Forty rats were divided into five groups. Group I: control group (n = 8); group II: olive oil group (n = 8); group III: thymoquinone group (n = 8); given 10 mg/kg thymoquinone intraperitoneally per day throughout the experiment; group IV: doxorubicin group (n = 8); injected with a single dose of 15 mg/kg ip doxorubicin on the 7th day of the experiment; group V: doxorubicin + thymoquinone group (n = 8); administered with 10 mg/kg thymoquinone per day during the experiment and 15 mg/kg doxorubicin ip on the 7th day. The experiment was planned for 14 days. Immunohistochemically, heat shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP90, glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), caspase‐3 were stained. We made terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling for apoptotic evaluation. Total oxidant status (TOS) levels and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured in the heart tissue. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and pro‐B type natriuretic peptide (proBNP) were evaluated. In the study, HSP70, HSP90, GRP78, and caspase‐3 levels increased in group IV. TOS and TAS levels were significant compared to group I. Doxorubicin significantly increased ANP and NT‐proBNP levels. Thymoquinone revealed significant differences in these values. Thymoquinone can be an important cardioprotective agent against doxorubicin‐cardiotoxicity.
Associations between serum amyloid A, interleukin‐6, and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Qian , Dai Yaping , Feng Meimei , Wang Xu , Liang Wei , Yang Fumeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSerum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) play critical roles in inflammation and are used in clinical laboratories as indicators of inflammation‐related diseases. We aimed to provide potential laboratory basis for auxiliary distinguishing coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) by monitoring above indicators.MethodsA total of 84 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 were enrolled in the study. Baseline characteristics and laboratory results were collected and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to combined detection of SAA and IL‐6 in patients with COVID‐19, and independent risk factors for severity of COVID‐19 were assessed by using binary logistic regression.ResultsThe main clinical symptoms of patients with COVID‐19 were fever (98.8%), fatigue (61.9%), and dry cough (58.3%). SAA, IL‐6, and NLR were significantly higher in patients with COVID‐19 (all P < .001), and compared with nonsevere patients, three indicators of severe patients were significantly elevated. Besides, combined detection of SAA and IL‐6 better separates healthy people from patients with COVID‐19 than detection of SAA or IL‐6 alone. In addition, elevated SAA, IL‐6, and NLR can be used as independent variables for predicting the severity of patients with COVID‐19.ConclusionSerum amyloid A and IL‐6 could be used as addition parameters to helping the distinguish of patients with COVID‐19 from healthy people, and can provide potential basis for separating patients with nonsevere and severe clinical signs.
Clinical characteristics and factors affecting the duration of positive nucleic acid test for patients of COVID‐19 in XinYu, China
Authors: Lu Jingjing , Yin Qi , Li Quan , Fu Gang , Hu Xueping , Huang Jianhao , Chen Lin , Li Qiang , Guo Zhongliang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe outbreak of a new coronavirus, COVID‐19, which was earliest reported in Wuhan, China, is now transmitting throughout the world. The aim of this study was to articulate the clinical characteristics of COVID‐19 and to reveal possible factors that may affect the persistent time of positive SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid test, so as to identify which patients may deteriorate or have poor prognoses as early as possible.MethodsRetrospective cohort study was carried out on 47 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection admitted to XinYu People's Hospital of JiangXi Province. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratorial, management, treatment, and outcome data were also collected and analyzed.ResultsIn this study, patients were divided into two groups based on whether their SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid tests in respiratory specimens turn negative within (Group Rapid or Group R) or over (Group Slow or Group S) a week. There was no significant difference in age, sex, travel or exposure history, and smoking history between the two groups. Forty‐two patients had been observed with comorbidities. Similar clinical manifestations, for instance fever, cough, sputum, and fatigue, have been observed among patients in both groups, except that patients in Group S were obviously more likely to get fatigue than patients in Group R. Both groups had shown decrease in white blood cell or lymphocyte counts. Chest X‐ray or computed tomography scan showed unilateral or bilateral infiltrates. High proportion in both groups has used nasal cannula (89.47% vs. 85.71%) to inhale oxygen. 10.53% of Group S have applied high‐flow nasal cannula, while Group R used none. The current treatment is mainly antibiotics, antiviral, and traditional Chinese medicine, while a couple of patients has used methylprednisolone. Only 1 patient out of both groups got even worse despite this active treatment.ConclusionClinical characteristics of COVID‐19 include the exposure history and typical systemic symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, decreased WBC and lymphocyte counts, and infiltration in both lower lobes on CT imaging. Among them, fatigue appears to be an important factor that affects the duration of positive SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid test in respiratory specimens.
Clinical features and potential risk factors for discerning the critical cases and predicting the outcome of patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Wang Weili , Zhao Zhongxiu , Liu Xi , Liu Gang , Xie Dongjing , Xu Zhi , Zhao Jinghong , Zhang Jingbo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features and risk factors for discerning the critical and predicting the outcome of patients with COVID‐19.MethodsPatients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) department and general infection department of TaiKang Tongji (Wuhan) Hospital from February 10 to March 27, 2020, were included. Data on clinical features, complications, laboratory parameters, chest CT, nutrient requirement, and electrolyte imbalance were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 123 (50 critical and 73 non‐critical) patients were enrolled. 65% of patients with comorbidities, hypertension (45.5%), diabetes (21.9%), 36.5% of patients had more than one comorbidity. The proportion of lymphocytes in critical patients was significantly lower than that of non‐critical patients. The proportion of patients with increased NLR, PLR, IL‐6, CRP levels, and chest CT score was significantly higher in the critical than that of non‐critical patients. The logistic regression analysis identified low lymphocyte count, high NLR, PLR, IL‐6, CRP levels, and CT score as independent factors for discerning critical cases and high NLR, PLR, IL‐6, and CT score could predict poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, we identified patients who needed nutrition support (HR 16.99) and with correction of electrolyte imbalance (HR 18.24) via intravenous injection were more likely to have a poor outcome.ConclusionsThe potential risk factors of lower lymphocyte count, high levels of NLR, PLR, IL‐6, CRP, chest CT score, and the statue of nutrient requirement or electrolyte imbalance could assist clinicians in discerning critical cases and predict the poor outcome in patients with COVID‐19.
Psychosocial outcomes of a pilot study of work‐tailored cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for adults with serious mental illness
Authors: Kukla Marina , Strasburger Amy M. , Salyers Michelle P. , Rollins Angela L. , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveMany people with serious mental illness (SMI) continue to struggle with work functioning despite the receipt of supported employment (SE) services. In response, adjunctive interventions to SE have begun to be developed. One such approach, the cognitive behavioral therapy for work success (CBTw) intervention, targets cognitive and behavioral barriers to competitive work success in adults with SMI. Using a pre‐post design, this pilot study examined the psychosocial outcomes of the CBTw program in 52 adults with SMI receiving SE.MethodRecovery attitudes, work‐related self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, and symptom domains (depression, anxiety, psychosis) were measured at baseline and after the 12‐week intervention. Paired samples t‐tests examined changes in outcomes over time.ResultsAt posttreatment, participants had significant improvements in recovery attitudes, self‐esteem, depressive, and negative symptoms. Other psychosocial outcomes did not significantly change.ConclusionsThis pilot work demonstrates CBTw is a promising intervention to improve recovery and wellness in SMI.
An evidence‐based review of the scope and potential ethical concerns of teleorthodontics
Authors: Squires Taylor , Michelogiannakis Dimitrios , Rossouw P. Emile , Javed Fawad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim was to evaluate the scope and potential ethical concerns related to the use of teledentistry in clinical orthodontics.MethodsIndexed databases were searched up to and including October 2020. The eligibility criteria were as follows: (a) original clinical studies, and (b) case reports/series. Historic reviews, commentaries, experimental studies, and letters to the editor, were excluded. The pattern of the present review was customized to summarize the relevant information.ResultsA total of 4 clinical studies (out of 1016) were included in the present evidence‐based review. Three studies reported that teledentistry is useful in clinical orthodontics. In 1 study, a clear conclusion could not be derived regarding the benefits of teledentistry in clinical orthodontics. Two out of 4 studies did not obtain prior approval from an Institutional Review Board or Ethical Committee. Three studies did not report any measures that were undertaken to safeguard the electronic transfer of patient‐related health information.ConclusionsTeleorthodontics facilitates treatment planning/monitoring by sharing orthodontics‐based patient records among oral healthcare providers; however, the importance of direct patient supervision and routine follow‐ups during orthodontic therapy cannot be overlooked. Further studies are needed to establish ethical guidelines and a standard of care in this emerging field.
The evaluation of surface topography changes in nanoscaled 2,6‐diphenyl anthracene thin films by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Solaymani Shahram , Rezaee Sahar , Nezafat Negin B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe physical properties of electronic devices made by 2,6‐diphenyl anthracene (DPA) are influenced by the microtexture of DPA surfaces. This work focused on the experimental investigation of the 3‐D surface microtexture of DPA thin films deposited on OTS (octadecyltrichlorosilane), HMDS (Hexamethyldisilasane), OTMS (octadecyltrimethoxysilane), and Si/SiO2 (300 nm SiO2 thickness) substrates with 5 and 50 nm thicknesses and 5 and 10 μm scan size. The thin film surfaces were recorded using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and their images were stereometrically analyzed to obtain statistical parameters, in accordance with ASME B46.1‐2009 and ISO 25178‐2: 2012. The results showed the effect of different manufacturing parameters on microtexture values where the granular structure is confirmed in all films. In addition, root mean square is increased by increasing the thickness from 5 to 50 nm for all types of substrates.