bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of ovarian cysts and tumors by using T2 star mapping
Authors: Takahashi Nozomi , Yoshino Osamu , Hayashida Emi , Nakamura Masanobu , Hori Masaaki , Iwahata Shunsuke , Onda Takashi , Unno Nobuya , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of T2 star (T2*) mapping in diagnosing ovarian cysts/ tumors.MethodsPelvic magnetic resonance examinations including T2*WI were performed before surgery in 35 patients. The region of interest, consisted of a 10 mm2 diameter circle, was set as much as possible inside ovarian tumors/cysts to measure T2*values, and mean T2* values were compared in ovarian cyst/tumor types, retrospectively. Diagnoses of 40 ovarian cysts/tumors were determined by pathological reports, in which 17 were endometriomas, 13 were mature cystic teratomas, 6 were mucinous cystadenomas and 4 were serous cystadenomas.ResultsThe average T2* values of endometrioma was 56.8 ± 8.7 ms (mean ± SEM), which was significantly lower than that of mucinous cystadenoma (334.2 ± 58.5 ms, mean ± SEM) or serous cystadenoma (237.0 ± 45.4 ms, mean ± SEM). There was no difference in T2* values between endometrioma and mature cystic teratoma (64.1 ± 22.6 ms, mean ± SEM).Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed that optimal cut‐off value for differential diagnosis of endometrioma and mucinous or serous cystadenoma was 149.2 ms as T2* value, which has an area under the curve of 0.95 (sensitivity = 92.4%, specificity = 78.6%).ConclusionT2* values were useful to diagnose various types of ovarian cyst/tumor.
Impairments due to tooth loss and prosthetic expectations in patients from an urban area and a rural area in Sweden. A qualitative study
Authors: Boeskov Øzhayat Esben , Korduner Eva‐Karin , Collin Bagewitz Ingrid , Öwall Bengt 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo explore impairments due to tooth loss and expectations of prosthetic replacements in an urban group and a rural group of patients in Sweden.Material and MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were performed on 35 partially edentulous patients from prosthodontic specialist clinics located in an urban area and a rural area in Sweden. The interviews focused on impairments due to tooth loss and expectations of prosthetic restorations. Analysis was made using the grounded theory approach, allowing in‐depth investigation of the phenomenon.ResultsFunctional, aesthetic and social impairments were mentioned, and coping strategies (eg chewing differently and laughing less) and modifications (eg age, time and social setting) of the impairments were described. The rural patient group accepted impairments somewhat better than the urban one. Otherwise, there was only minor difference between the groups. Removable prosthodontic restorations were more acceptable among rural patients. Urban patients insisted more often on implant‐based restorations and had higher expectations of longevity. Patients with minor impairments still wanted treatment, based on concerns about the future of their dentition. The interviews themselves generated new thoughts in the patients and were thus considered valuable by the patients.ConclusionsImpairments due to tooth loss and expectations of prosthetic replacements were expressed in the same way in the rural and urban patient groups. However, in the rural population, there was a higher acceptance of impairments and also of removable prosthetic restorations, whereas the urban population expressed a higher demand for implant‐based restorations.
Søren Kierkegaard and the Impossibility of (Un)Forgiveness
Authors: Marcar G. P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiscussions of forgiveness within Christian theology have tended to focus on the conditions in which forgiveness may be a moral or divine imperative for believers. With regard to Søren Kierkegaard’s theological ethics, this article explicates a radical perspective. For the Kierkegaardian Christian lover, no definitive relational break with the other (however objectionable) can occur. As Kierkegaard emphasizes in Works of Love, in a discourse which bears this sentiment as its title, “love abides.” Indeed, I illustrate how in three consecutive discourses in Works of Love—“VI: Love Abideth,” “VII: Mercy, a Work of Love,” and “VIII: The Victory of the Reconciliation in Love”—Kierkegaard’s ethical vision is grounded in Christian love’s immutability. For Kierkegaard, if Christian love is present, then forgiveness is redundant, and unforgiveness is impossible.
The Innocuous Legacy of Christian Ethics in Comparative Religious Ethics
Authors: Stalnaker Aaron 
Published: November 2019

AbstractI argue that even if the influence of Christian ethics on comparative religious ethics (CRE) is inevitable, it need not be problematic. The legacy would only be worrisome if it stacked the deck in favor of Christian ethics or predisposed comparative ethicists to conform to the methods or thematic concerns of Christian ethics. Following Gadamer, I suggest that the ideal of presuppositionless objectivity is an illusion that applies to not only those who emerge from a Christian cultural context but in every global context. Given the specific historical and cultural contexts of the emergence of CRE, the residue of Christian ethics in CRE is understandable and expected. Thus, the legacy of Christian ethics in CRE will only be problematic to the extent that the potential dangers of Christian hegemony remain hidden, which does not seem to be the case in the contemporary academic context.
Mitigating the Risk of Infectious Diseases Among Rural Drug Users in Western North Carolina: Results of the Southern Appalachia Test, Link, Care (SA‐TLC) Health Care Provider Survey
Authors: Hurt Christopher B. , Carpenter Delesha M. , Evon Donna M. , Hennessy Caitlin M. , Rhea Sarah K. , Zule William A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo characterize how health care providers in western North Carolina (NC) manage patients with substance use disorders and to inform strategies for preventing injection drug use (IDU)‐associated outbreaks of bloodborne infectious diseases.MethodsWe collected data on practice characteristics, provider sociodemographics, and attitudes and beliefs about hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), opioid use, and IDU via online survey. Providers in 8 counties of western NC were invited to participate by email. Results were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate statistics.FindingsOf 84 respondents participating between 30 July and 3 December 2018, 81% were practicing clinicians and 46% served a county identified as being vulnerable to IDU‐associated outbreaks of HCV or HIV. A substantial proportion was unsure about injecting behaviors among patients. Scores reflected comfort working with opioid users, though this varied by medical specialty. One‐quarter of respondents “never” discussed harm reduction or HCV treatment with patients known to inject drugs; 22% “never” discussed HIV screening with injectors; and 1 in 3 referred at‐risk patients out for HCV or HIV testing rather than ordering a test themselves. Scores indicated low levels of stigma toward persons living with HCV or HIV. Respondents identified HIV treatment, HCV treatment, and liver disease management as training needs.ConclusionsOur findings provide insights to inform health infrastructure improvement, with the goal of preventing HCV or HIV outbreaks in southern Appalachia. Rural health care workers are willing to receive additional training if it can improve care for patients affected by substance use disorders.
Metronidazole treatment of acute diarrhea in dogs: A randomized double blinded placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Langlois Daniel K. , Koenigshof Amy M. , Mani Rinosh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMetronidazole is commonly administered to dogs with acute diarrhea, but there is limited evidence to support this practice.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of metronidazole administration on dogs with acute nonspecific diarrhea.AnimalsThirty‐one dogs, including 14 test population dogs and 17 controls.MethodsRandomized controlled clinical trial. Dogs with acute diarrhea in which causation was not determined by routine fecal diagnostic testing were randomly assigned to metronidazole treatment (10‐15 mg/kg PO q12h for 7 days) or placebo. Fecal cultures and characterization ofClostridium perfringensisolates also were performed. Owners maintained medication and fecal scoring logs, and fecal diagnostic tests were repeated on day 7.ResultsThe mean ± SD time to resolution of diarrhea for test population dogs (2.1 ± 1.6 days) was less than that for controls (3.6 ± 2.1 days,P= .04). Potential relationships ofC. perfringenswith acute diarrhea pathogenesis were not investigated, but only 3 of 13 (23.1%) test population dogs had persistentC. perfringenscarriage at day 7, which was less than the 11 of 14 (78.6%) controls with persistent growth (P= .007).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur results suggest that metronidazole treatment can shorten duration of diarrhea and decrease fecal culture detection ofC. perfringensin some dogs with acute nonspecific diarrhea. Additional studies are needed to assess the benefits and risks of routine use of metronidazole for this purpose because most dogs achieve resolution of diarrhea within several days regardless of treatment.
BB0326 is responsible for the formation of periplasmic flagellar collar and assembly of the stator complex in Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Xu Hui , He Jun , Liu Jun , Motaleb Md A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBorrelia burgdorferi is a highly motile spirochete due to its periplasmic flagella. Unlike flagella of other bacteria, spirochetes' periplasmic flagella possess a complex structure called the collar, about which little is known in terms of function and composition. Using various approaches, we have identified a novel protein, BB0326, as a key component of the collar. We show that a peripheral portion of the collar is diminished in the Δbb0326 mutant and restored in the complemented bb0326+ cells, leading us to rename BB0326 as periplasmic flagellar collar protein A or FlcA. The ΔflcA mutant cells produced fewer, abnormally tilted and shorter flagella, as well as diminished stators, suggesting that FlcA is crucial for flagellar and stator assemblies. We provide further evidence that FlcA interacts with the stator and that this collar–stator interaction is essential for the high torque needed to power the spirochete's periplasmic flagellar motors. These observations suggest that the collar provides various important functions to the spirochete's periplasmic flagellar assembly and rotation.
Hospitalized fracture rates amongst patients with chronic kidney disease in Australia using data linkage
Authors: Lin Raymond , Toussaint Nigel D. , Gallagher Martin , Cass Alan , Kotwal Sradha 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundRenal osteodystrophy leading to fractures in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant hospitalization, morbidity, mortality and health care costs. There is a paucity of data on fractures in the CKD population in Australia.AimTo describe the trends and impact of hospitalized fractures in an Australian population of non‐dialysis CKD patients.MethodsRetrospective observational data derived using data linkage. Fracture rates, trends in hospital admissions, comorbidity burden and mortality were analysed in a non‐dialysis CKD population between 2000 and 2010 in the Australian state of New South Wales. Hospitalized patients with CKD and fractures were compared with CKD patients without fracture.ResultsA total of 149 839 hospitalized patients with CKD were included, of whom 9898 (6.6%) experienced one or more fractures. Patients with fracture were older, more likely to be female with a higher comorbidity burden than those without. Hospital admissions involving fracture were longer than non‐fracture admissions (14.3 vs 5.9 days, P < .0001) and patients were less likely to be discharged home (28.3% vs 80.9%, P < .0001). The 12‐month mortality rate was high at 41%.ConclusionAustralian non‐dialysis CKD patients with hospitalized fractures were older, had a greater burden of disease, and have similar rates of fracture and associated mortality compared to international CKD cohorts. Implications of fracture requiring hospitalization are considerable, with longer admissions, greater healthcare costs, lower likelihood of discharge home and significant mortality. As fracture prevention in the CKD population evolves, treatment algorithms should account for those at greatest risk.
Association between severe periodontitis and chronic kidney disease severity in predialytic patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Schütz Jasper da Silva , de Azambuja Carolina Barrera , Cunha Giuliano Reolon , Cavagni Juliano , Rösing Cassiano Kuchenbecker , Haas Alex Nogueira , Thomé Fernando Saldanha , Fiorini Tiago 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and different severities of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in predialytic patients.Materials and MethodsDemographic, socioeconomic, and medical data of 139 patients from the nephrology service of one university hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil, were obtained through interview and clinical records. Full‐mouth six‐sites per tooth periodontal examinations were performed. Associations between periodontitis, stages of CKD, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were estimated by multivariable models adjusted for sex, smoking, vitamin D supplementation, physical activity, and renal treatment duration. CKD was classified based on eGFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m2) estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.ResultsPatients with severe periodontitis, compared to those without severe periodontitis, had 2.8 (95% CI: 1.25–6.62) and 3.4 (95% CI: 1.27–9.09) times higher risk of being in stages 4 and 5 of CKD, respectively. Having ≥ 2 teeth with clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥6 mm increased 3.9 times the risk of being in stage 5 of CKD. Patients with severe periodontitis and ≥2 teeth with CAL ≥ 6 mm had 4.4 ml/min/1.732 and 5.2 ml/min/1.732 lower eGFR (p‐values < .05), respectively.ConclusionSevere periodontitis was associated with poor renal conditions in predialytic CKD patients, strengthening the importance of periodontal evaluation in such patient population.
Dental changes in children with congenital Zika syndrome
Authors: Gusmão Teresa Paula de Lima , Faria Andreza Barkokebas Santos de , Leão Filho Jair Carneiro , Carvalho Alessandra de Albuquerque Tavares , Gueiros Luiz Alcino Monteiro , Leão Jair Carneiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe oral alterations in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS).MethodsThis was a case series, whose research instrument was a structured questionnaire, associated with the use of medical record data and extra and intraoral clinical examination.ResultsThirty‐two children were evaluated, the majority male (18/32%–56.3%), mean age 22 months (SD = 2.71). It was also observed that the majority of the patients (19/32%–59.4%) presented a low family income. All the children had a mean head circumference of 29.43 cm (SD = 1.42). Regarding the alterations, an ogival‐shaped palate was observed in 14 children (43.7%), and delayed chronology of eruption was observed in 15 children (46.9%), of whom 7 children (21.9%) did not present eruption of the upper left lateral incisor (p = .0002) and upper right lateral incisor (p = .002) until the moment of analysis. Additionally, 03 children with yellowish dental pigmentation were identified in erupted teeth after the onset of phenobarbital use. Enamel hypoplasia was identified in 9 children (28.1%) and only one child with ankyloglossia.ConclusionCZS may present delayed chronology of eruption, ankyloglossia, ogival‐shaped palate, and enamel hypoplasia, requiring dental follow‐up aimed at prevention, promotion, and rehabilitation of the health of these children.
Cutaneous ultrasound and its utility in pediatric dermatology. Part I: Lumps, bumps, and inflammatory conditions
Authors: Rodríguez Bandera Ana Isabel , Sebaratnam Deshan Frank , Feito Rodríguez Marta , de Lucas Laguna Raúl 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh‐frequency ultrasonography represents a promising tool for pediatric dermatologists. It is a non‐invasive diagnostic technique that is particularly appealing when working with children. It can be easily performed at the patient's bedside, avoiding diagnostic delays, sedation, or multiple visits. It represents a useful adjunct to clinical examination and can enhance our understanding of cutaneous diseases. Patient cooperation and limited training and experience are the main challenges for cutaneous ultrasonography in pediatric dermatology. This review describes cutaneous ultrasonography and the nuances of its use in the pediatric setting, followed by the ultrasonographic findings of cutaneous lumps, bumps, and inflammatory dermatoses commonly encountered in pediatric patients.
Policy Design and Achieving Social Outcomes: A Comparative Analysis of Social Enterprise Policy
Authors: Choi Donwe , Berry Frances Stokes , Ghadimi Adela 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article compares American, British, and Korean social enterprise policies to explore how government policy design shapes social enterprises and how “social benefit” and “public value” are defined. A social enterprise is defined as the legally structured organizational pursuit of blending social purpose and economic profit through business activities, and examples from each country are presented. Applying Bozeman's publicness theory, the authors demonstrate the wide range of roles that governments play in shaping social enterprises' ownership, funding, and control across the three countries using regulations, subsidies, and procurement policies. These roles may affect the impact of social enterprises in society. The case studies show that the U.S. approach to social enterprise policy is heavily market oriented, while the United Kingdom is in the middle of the market‐to‐publicness continuum, and South Korea is much closer to the publicness (government‐dominated) end of the continuum.
Determining factors of cottonwood planting survival in a desert river restoration project
Authors: Laub Brian G. , Detlor Jordon , Keller Daniel L. 
Published: November 2019

Planting native riparian trees can help recover wildlife and fish habitat on a local scale, when full recovery of natural processes that sustain riparian ecosystems is infeasible. To help improve planting success, we determined which environmental factors and management practices most influenced survival of planted Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood) in a field experiment on the San Rafael River, Utah, U.S.A. We planted 474 approximately 2‐m‐tall trees and tracked survival for 1.25 years. We used logistic regression to evaluate whether tree height, elevation above the river channel, distance to existing cottonwood or Salix exigua (coyote willow), soil conductivity, soil texture, planting depth, planting method (mechanical auger vs. hand‐digging), and provision of natural and commercial supplements affected survival probability. Survival probability decreased with elevation above the river channel bottom and was greater in auger‐dug than hand‐dug holes. Survival probability was lower in soils with the highest salinity levels and was lower in sandy soils than soils with silt and clay. Survival may be improved by planting well above the channel to avoid flooding impacts but within 2 m above the channel in auger‐dug holes to ensure access to soil moisture. Testing soil salinity and texture in areas with suitable elevation could also help improve survival. Approximately 35% of trees survived to the end of the study period, indicating that planting can help recover riparian habitat locally, especially if survival is improved in future planting efforts. However, full recovery of desired riparian habitat throughout the floodplain will require natural flows.
Influence of resisted sled‐push training on the sprint force‐velocity profile of male high school athletes
Authors: Cahill Micheál J. , Oliver Jon L. , Cronin John B. , Clark Kenneth P. , Cross Matt R. , Lloyd Rhodri S. 
Published: November 2019

Sled pushing is a commonly used form of resisted sprint training; however, little empirical evidence exists, especially in youth populations. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of unresisted and resisted sled pushing across multiple loads. Fifty high school athletes were assigned to an unresisted (n = 12), or 3 resisted groups; light (n = 14), moderate (n = 13), and heavy (n = 11) resistance that caused a 25%, 50%, and 75% velocity decrement in maximum sprint speed, respectively. All participants performed two sled‐push training sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks. Before and after the training intervention, the participants performed a series of jump, strength, and sprint testing to assess athletic performance. Split times between 5 and 20 m improved significantly across all resisted groups (all P < .05, d = 0.34‐1.16) but did not improve significantly with unresisted sprinting. For all resisted groups, gains were greatest over the first 5 m (d = 0.67‐0.84) and then diminished over each subsequent 5 m split (d = 0.08‐0.57). The magnitude of gains in split times was greatest within the heavy group. Small but non‐significant within‐group effects were found in pre to post force‐velocity profiles. There was a main effect of time but no interaction effects as all groups increased force and power, although the greatest increases were observed with the heavy load (d = 0.50‐0.51). The results of this study suggest that resisted sled pushing with any load was superior to unresisted sprint training and that heavy loads may elicit the greatest gains in sprint performance over short distances.
Effect of medication adherence on clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes: analysis of the SIMPLE study
Authors: Patel Sapna , Abreu Marconi , Tumyan Anna , Adams-Huet Beverley , Li Xilong , Lingvay Ildiko 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveMedication adherence is impacted by regimen complexity. The SIMPLE (Simple basal Insulin titration, Metformin Plus Liraglutide for type 2 diabetes with very Elevated HbA1c) study compared GLP1RA plus basal insulin (GLP1RA+BI) to basal-bolus insulin (BBI) regimen in participants with very uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This analysis aimed to evaluate medication adherence to GLP1RA+BI compared with BBI, the effect of adherence on clinical and patient-reported outcomes, and baseline predictors of adherence.Research design and methodsThis was an analysis of the SIMPLE study based on prespecified outcome. The study took place in pragmatic, real-world setting. A total of 120 adults with T2DM and HgbA1c≥10% were randomized to detemir plus liraglutide, or detemir plus aspart before each meal; 6-month follow-up. The main outcomes evaluated were: adherence, HgbA1c, weight, quality of life, and hypoglycemia. Adherence rate was calculated for each study medication at each follow-up visit; participants were classified as ≥80% or <80% adherent.ResultA higher percentage of participants in the GLP1RA+BI compared with the BBI group had ≥80% adherence to detemir (59.3% vs 35.7%, p=0.02) as well as liraglutide versus aspart (57.4% vs 30.4%, p=0.007). Higher age was predictive of ≥80% adherence (OR per 5-year increment=1.48, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.0, p=0.01). Higher adherence led to greater improvement in HbA1c and weight in both groups. Treatment with GLP1RA+BI compared with BBI led to greater improvement in HbA1c, weight, and quality of life and lower risk of hypoglycemia even after adjusting for the difference in adherence between groups.ConclusionsAdherence was higher with the simplified regimen of GLP1RA+BI compared with BBI. Greater adherence to the simpler regimen amplified the treatment effect on HbA1c, weight, quality of life, and risk of hypoglycemia, yet statistically significant greater benefits were noted even when adjusted for adherence.Trial registration numberNCT01966978