bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress under general intravenous and inhalation anaesthesia
Authors: Kundović Sandra Alavuk , Rašić Dubravka , Popović Ljiljana , Peraica Maja , Črnjar Ksenija 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) production overwhelms cell protection by antioxidants. This review is focused on general anaesthesia-induced oxidative stress because it increases the rate of complications and delays recovery after surgery. It is important to know what effects of anaesthetics to expect in terms of oxidative stress, particularly in surgical procedures with high ROS production, because their either additive or antagonistic effect may be pivotal for the outcome of surgery. In vitro and animal studies on this topic are numerous but show large variability. There are not many human studies and what we know has been learned from different surgical procedures measuring different endpoints in blood samples taken mostly before and after surgery. In these studies most intravenous anaesthetics have antioxidative properties, while volatile anaesthetics temporarily increase oxidative stress in longer surgical procedures.
Comparison of beautician and hairdressing apprentices with regard to skin health and skin barrier function
Authors: Babić Željka , Samardžić Tea , Macan Jelena 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Hairdressing and beautician apprentices are at high risk of occupational skin diseases. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of skin symptoms and the condition of skin barrier between them at the end of vocational training. We recruited 101 hairdressing and 76 beautician apprentices (overall median age 17 years), who reported their history of skin symptoms through the Croatian translation of the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002) and had their hand skin clinically examined and evaluated with the Osnabrück Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured following the standard procedure. Hairdressing apprentices reported significantly higher prevalence of hand/wrist eczema or urticaria than beautician apprentices (35 % vs 25 %, respectively; P=0.041) and higher severity of current hand eczema [median (range) 1.5 (0–8) vs 0.5 (0–4), respectively; P<0.001] and had higher hand TEWL values in those who washed their hands >20 times a day [median (interquartile range): 24.4 (19.7–33.7) vs 18.8 (15.4–23.2) g/ m2/h, respectively; P<0.001). Hairdressing apprentices had more severe clinical symptoms on the hands, and 83 % of those who reported eczema also reported that exacerbation occurred during practical training in comparison to 38 % of beautician apprentices. Our study is the first to report occupational hand and forearm skin issues in the beautician apprentices and also suggests that more effort is needed to improve training about safety at work, which should be specifically tailored for these two trades.
Oxidative and apoptotic effects of fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine in Daphnia magna
Authors: Över Sevgi Başalan , Güven Celal , Taskin Eylem , Sevgiler Yusuf 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative and apoptotic potential of fluoxetine, a widely used antidepressant in Turkey and the world, and of its metabolite norfluoxetine on a model non-target organism, Daphnia magna to see how exposure to this group of antidepressants (specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors) could affect the aquatic environment in which they end up. Juvenile D. magna specimens were chronically exposed to fluoxetine and norfluoxetine alone and in combination at concentrations found in the aquatic environment (0.091 and 0.011 μg/L, respectively) and to their 10-fold environmental concentrations for 21 days. Another group of 17-day-old animals were subacutely exposed to 100-fold environmental concentrations for four days. After exposure, we measured their glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and total protein content spectrophotometrically, while mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was analysed by fluorescence staining, and cytochrome c and ERK1/2 protein content by Western blotting. This is the first-time cytochrome c and ERK1/2 were determined at the protein level in D. magna. We also measured their carapace length, width, and caudal spine length microscopically. At environmental concentrations fluoxetine and norfluoxetine caused an increase in ChE activity and brood production. They also caused a decrease in juvenile carapace length, width, and caudal spine length and depolarised the mitochondrial membrane. At 10-fold environmental concentrations, GPx activity, lipid peroxidation levels, cytochrome c, and ERK1/2 protein levels rose. The most pronounced effect was observed in D. magna exposed to norfluoxetine. Norfluoxetine also decreased brood production. Similar effects were observed with subacute exposure to 100-fold environmental concentrations. However, total protein content decreased. All this confirms that fluoxetine and norfluoxetine have oxidative and apoptotic potential in D. magna. Daphnia spp. have a great potential to give us precious insight into the mechanisms of environmental toxicants, but there is still a long way to go before they are clarified in these organisms.
New Travelling Wave Solution-Based New Riccati Equation for Solving KdV and Modified KdV Equations
Authors: Rezazadeh Hadi , Korkmaz Alper , EL Achab Abdelfattah , Adel Waleed , Bekir Ahmet 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A large family of explicit exact solutions to both Korteweg- de Vries and modified Korteweg- de Vries equations are determined by the implementation of the new extended direct algebraic method. The procedure starts by reducing both equations to related ODEs by compatible travelling wave transforms. The balance between the highest degree nonlinear and highest order derivative terms gives the degree of the finite series. Substitution of the assumed solution and some algebra results in a system of equations are found. The relation between the parameters is determined by solving this system. The solutions of travelling wave forms determined by the application of the approach are represented in explicit functions of some generalized trigonometric and hyperbolic functions and exponential function. Some more solutions with different characteristics are also found.
A Method of Directly Defining the inverse Mapping for a HIV infection of CD4+ T-cells model
Authors: Dewasurendra Mangalagama , Zhang Ying , Boyette Noah , Islam Ifte , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 2015, Shijun Liao introduced a new method of directly defining the inverse mapping (MDDiM) to approximate analytically a nonlinear differential equation. This method, based on the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) was proposed to reduce the time it takes in solving a nonlinear equation. Very recently, Dewasurendra, Baxter and Vajravelu (Applied Mathematics and Computation 339 (2018) 758–767) extended the method to a system of two nonlinear differential equations. In this paper, we extend it further to obtain the solution to a system of three nonlinear differential equations describing the HIV infection of CD4+ T-cells. In addition, we analyzed the advantages of MDDiM over HAM, in obtaining the numerical results. From these results, we noticed that the infected CD4+ T-cell density increases with the number of virions N; but decreases with the blanket death rate μI
.
MHD 3-dimensional nanofluid flow induced by a power-law stretching sheet with thermal radiation, heat and mass fluxes
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Mukhopadhyay Swati , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this article, the three-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamics flow of a nanofluid over a horizontal non-linearly stretching sheet in bilateral directions under boundary layer approximation is addressed. A two-phase model has been used for the nanofluid. The influences of thermophoresis, Brownian motion and thermal radiation on heat and mass transfers are considered. Two different cases for the heat and mass transfers are studied. In the first case, uniform wall temperature and zero nanoparticles flux due to thermophoresis are considered. In the second case, prescribed heat and mass fluxes at the boundary are considered. By using the appropriate transformations, a system of non-linear partial differential equations along with the boundary conditions is transformed into coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions of the self-similar equations are obtained using a Runge–Kutta method with a shooting technique. Our results for special cases are compared with the available results in the literature, and the results are found to be in good agreement. It is observed that the pertaining parameters have significant effects on the characteristics of flow, heat and mass transfer. The results are presented and discussed in detail through illustrations.
Generalized Tetranacci Hybrid Numbers
Authors: Soykan Yüksel , Taşdemir Erkan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the generalized Tetranacci hybrid numbers and, as special cases, Tetranacci and Tetranacci-Lucas hybrid numbers. Moreover, we present Binet’s formulas, generating functions, and the summation formulas for those hybrid numbers.
Photoperiod alters the choroid plexus response to LPS-induced acute inflammation in EWES
Authors: Skipor Janina , Szczepkowska Aleksandra , Kowalewska Marta , Domżalska Małgorzata , Herman Andrzej P. , Krawczyńska Agata 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study determined the influence of photoperiod on the expression of toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4), interleukin 1□ (IL1B), IL-1 receptor type I (IL1R1) and II (IL1R2), interleukin 6 (IL6), the IL-6 receptor (IL6R) and signal transducer (IL6ST), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), and TNF□ receptor type I (TNFRSF1A) and II (TNFRSF1B) in the choroid plexus (ChP) of ewes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute inflammation. Under short-days (SD, n = 12, anestrous) and long-days (LD, n = 12, synchronized follicular phase), ewes were treated with saline or LPS. Compared to LD conditions, the ewes under SD were characterized by a greater (P<0.05) area under the curve (AUC) of cortisol in the LPS-treated group and by a lower (P<0.05) AUC of prolactin in the saline-treated group. Under both photoperiods, LPS increased (P<0.05) the expression of all examined genes except for TNFRSF1B (only under SD), TNF and TNFRSF1A (no stimulation), and IL6R (decreased (P<0.05) under SD). The LPS-induced increases in TLR2, TLR4, IL1B and its receptors, IL6 and TNFRSF1B were higher (P<0.05) under SD than LD. TLR4 was positively correlated with IL1B and IL6 in both saline- (r2 = 0.64, P<0.01 and r2 = 0.52, P<0.01) and LPS-treated (r2 = 0.81, P<0.0001 and r2 = 0.51, P<0.001) ewes. IL1B (r2 = 0.56, P<0.01 and r2 = 0.77, P<0.0001) and IL6 (r2 = 0.77, P<0.005 and r2 = 0.35, P<0.05) were positively correlated with TLR2 in saline- and LPS-treated ewes, respectively. This indicates that in ewes, the ChP response to acute systemic inflammation is dependent upon the photoperiod with stronger effects being observed under SD. Our results also suggest that gonadal hormones altering TLR4 signaling events are involved in the photoperiodic modulation of the ChP response to LPS. Further experiments are required to explain the mechanism involved in this phenomenon.
Chlorella vulgaris Microalgae and Copper Mixture Supplementation Enhanced the Nutrient Digestibility and Milk Attributes in Lactating Boer Goats
Authors: Kholif Ahmed E. , Kassab Ayman Y. , Hamdon Hatem A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Thirty-two lactating Boer goats (35.2 ± 1.4 kg body weight) were grouped into control and three treatment groups in completely randomised design. In treatment groups, supplementation was done as a mixture of 5 g Chlorella vulgaris + 4.5 mg of supplemental Cu/kg diet from CuSO4 (Alg5 treatment), 10 g C. vulgaris + 9 mg of supplemental Cu/kg diet (Alg10 treatment), or a mixture of 15 g C. vulgaris + 13.5 mg of supplemental Cu/kg diet (Alg15 treatment). Treatments did not affect feed intake; however, Alg10 treatment increased (P<0.001) nutrient digestibility. Treatments did not affect ruminal pH, ammonia-N, butyrate; however, the Alg10 treatment increased (P<0.01) ruminal total volatile fatty acids, propionate and acetate concentrations. Without affecting other blood measurements, the Alg10 treatment quadratically increased (P<0.001) serum glucose and Cu. The Alg10 treatments increased (P<0.001) daily milk production and the concentration of fat, and enhanced milk (feed) efficiency. The Alg10 treatment decreased (P<0.05) milk saturated fatty acids and the atherogenic index, and increased the proportions of total conjugated linoleic acids, C18:1n9t, odd fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids compared with the control treatment. Present study concluded that inclusion of a mixture of 10 g C. vulgaris + 9 mg Cu/kg diet in the diet of lactating Boer goats enhanced nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk production, feed efficiency as well as milk nutritive value. Increasing the dose of the mixture to 15 g C. vulgaris + 13.5 mg Cu/kg diet is not recommended in the diet of lactating Boer goats.
Response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, L., Walp) to inter-row spacing and weed competition
Authors: Adigun Joseph Aremu , Adeyemi Olusegun Raphael , Daramola Olumide Samuel , Olorunmaiye Patience Mojibade 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Weed infestation is one of the major factors attributed for the poor yield of cowpea in Nigeria and other parts of sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Field trials were therefore conducted to evaluate the effect of row spacing and different weeding levels on weed control, growth and yield of cowpea during the early and late wet seasons of 2009. In both seasons, the use of 60 cm row spacing resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reduction in weed density by 18 – 39% and weed biomass by 17 – 27% with subsequent increase in cowpea growth and grain yield than 75 and 90 cm row spacing. Cowpea grain yield increased by 67 – 109% in the early season and 24 – 56% in the late season at 60 compared to 75 and 90 cm row spacing. Hoe weeding reduced weed growth significantly in both seasons with the lowest weed density and biomass recorded in plots weeded thrice. However, this was not significantly different from weed density and biomass recorded with two weedings in both seasons. Hoe weeding twice resulted in optimum growth and grain yield of cowpea. An additional weeding, however, did not improve cowpea growth and yield in both seasons. The results of this study showed that narrow (60 cm) inter-row spacing and two hoe weedings at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) will improve weed control and productivity of cowpea. Additional weeding is considered superfluous.
Current Research Trends in Games for Public Participation in Planning
Authors: Prilenska Viktorija 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The research, outlined in the paper, explores games as methods for better public participation in planning. Drawing on the thematic analysis of scientific publications, prominent authors and research centres, as well as key research themes, are identified. The themes include motivational aspects of gamified participation, online and pervasive games for massive civic engagement, deliberative and educational games for collective problem-solving, game co-design for questioning and reframing planning concepts. The paper concludes with the benefits of gamification for participatory planning practice.
Human Rights Challenges in Brazil: Children and Vulnerable Persons
Authors: Nogueira da Gama Guilherme Calmon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The vulnerability of children, the elderly and people with disabilities, as minority social groups, attracts special protection not only in Brazilian law, but also in international treaties of human rights. This Article presents an overview of this issue, and identifies the challenges related to the effectiveness of the juridical protection available to these groups.
R Libraries {dendextend} and {magrittr} and Clustering Package scipy.cluster of Python For Modelling Diagrams of Dendrogram Trees
Authors: Lemenkova Polina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a comparison of the two languages Python and R related to the classification tools and demonstrates the differences in their syntax and graphical output. It indicates the functionality of R and Python packages {dendextend} and scipy.cluster as effective tools for the dendrogram modelling by the algorithms of sorting and ranking datasets. R and Python programming languages have been tested on a sample dataset including marine geological measurements. The work aims to detect how bathymetric data change along the 25 bathymetric profiles digitized across the Mariana Trench. The methodology includes performed hierarchical cluster analysis with dendrograms and plotted clustermap with marginal dendrograms. The statistical libraries include Matplotlib, SciPy, NumPy, Pandas by Python and {dendextend}, {pvclust}, {magrittr} by R. The dendrograms were compared by the model-simulated clusters of the bathymetric ranges. The results show three distinct groups of the profiles sorted by the elevation ranges with maximal depths detected in a group of profiles 19-21. The dendrogram visualization in a cluster analysis demonstrates the effective representation of the data sorting, grouping and classifying by the machine learning algorithms. The programming codes presented in this study enable to sort a dataset in a similar research aimed to group data based on the similarity of attributes. Effective visualization by dendrograms is a useful modelling tool for the geospatial management where data ranking is required. Plotting dendrograms by R, comparing to Python, presented functional and sophisticated algorithms, refined design control and fine graphical data output. The interdisciplinary nature of this work consists in application of the coding algorithms for spatial data analysis.
Analysis of α-Tocopherol in Tobacco and Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Moldoveanu Serban C. 
Published: October 2020

Summary
α-Tocopherol, a type of vitamin E, has been known to be present in tobacco for many years. The compound is an antioxidant protecting cell membranes from oxidants. α-Tocopherol is transferred from tobacco into cigarette smoke, where it is also present. Analysis of α-tocopherol has been reported in a number of studies and in various matrices including tobacco and tobacco smoke. However, no recent publication describes a method for quantitative analysis of tocopherol in tobacco and in cigarette smoke, and many methods reported from previous studies were not published and only presented at conferences or communicated in internal company publications.
The goal of this study was to quantitate α-tocopherol and, if present, α-tocopheryl acetate in tobacco and in tobacco smoke. For this analysis, an original HPLC technique was developed and is described in this report. Both UV and MS/MS (MRM mode) were used as detection procedure for the analysis. The results obtained using UV detection were in very good agreement with the results obtained using MS/MS detection. The method has been applied for the analysis of a number of tobaccos, as well as the total particulate matter (TPM) from cigarettes made with the same tobaccos. Depending on tobacco type, the levels of α-tocopherol vary in tobacco between about 200 μg/g up to about 900 μg/g (“dry weight basis”). For ISO type smoking, the levels of α-tocopherol vary in TPM between about 2 μg/mg up to slightly above 4 μg/mg of TPM. For a cigarette generating TPM of about 10 mg/cig, the α-tocopherol is between about 20 μg/cig up to about 40 μg/cig. A relatively good correlation was obtained between the level of α-tocopherol in smoke (ISO type smoking) and the level of the compound in tobacco. α-Tocopheryl acetate was absent in tobacco.
Demographic Challenges in Rural Europe and Cases of Resilience Based on Cultural Heritage Management. A Comparative Analysis in Mediterranean Countries Inner Regions
Authors: Gómez-Ullate Martín , Rieutort Laurent , Kamara Afroditi , Santos Ana Sofía , Pirra Antonio , Solís Merly Gotay 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The project Cultrural+ (an Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership project in the field of Adult Education) is funding research and education to deal with major demographic challenges in some regions of the participant countries (Extremadura in Spain, Tràsos-Montes in Portugal, Central Massif in France, Thessaly in Greece and province of Latina in Italy). The paper will discuss the particular problems that European depopulated areas are facing and how cultural heritage and cultural tourism could act as resilience factors. Research is showing that though the different countries’ regions face similar demographic challenges, strategies and planned actions are different. The levels and indicators to measure and understand depopulation processes are also diverse, as are the levels of actualization of the data in each country. International comparative interdisciplinary research allows transfer of best practices cases and models as the “learning territories” and to deepen in the analysis and prospection of the socio-cultural major changes that are affecting the European countryside. This paper analyses the criteria that can help evaluate and acknowledge best practices.
Historical Visuals and Reconstruction of Motion: A Gestalt Perspective on Medieval Fencing Iconography
Authors: Talaga Maciej , Ridgeway Harrison 
Published: October 2020

SummarySeveral subdisciplines within historiography, most notably the arms and armour or martial arts studies, are interested in inferring physical qualities of historical material objects from historical sources. Scholars from these fields face serious deficiency of written accounts when it comes to various crucial information regarding their subject matter. Therefore, researchers’ attention is often drawn to iconographical sources, sometimes resulting in certain fascination with the material culture depicted in primary technical literature (Fachliteratur). This tendency seems particularly strong in studies on HEMA which rely heavily on pre-modern combat treatises known as ‘fight books’ (Fechtbücher) and are tempted either to treat the available iconography as a faithful representation of its corresponding material reality or to interpret apparent mismatch between icono-graphical representations and their material source domain as evidence for the inferior skills of the illustrator.We would like to put forward that there is a fundamental oversight in such approach toFachliteraturin general and fight books in particular, namely the lack of consideration for the artwork as a diagrammatic representation of the functional aspects of depicted embodied technique, where proportional ‘realism’ is of lesser priority. It may be fruitful to develop a more nuanced method of ‘reading’ such images. Our survey of select late-medieval fight books shows that equipment, and even body parts, are regularly distorted in their depictions in the fight books to better communicate the subject matter, especially where textual descriptions would be complicated. Interpreted in Gestalt terms, this phenomenon may serve as an example of historical pragmatic application of the cognitive principle of holism – that the whole is something different than the sum of its parts.