bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free Tissue Transfer Optimizes Stump Length and Functionality Following High-Energy Trauma
Authors: Piper Merisa L. , Amara Dominic , Zafar Sarosh N. , Lee Charles , Sbitany Hani , Hansen Scott L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Advances in medicine and surgery have allowed patients, who in the past would have required more aggressive amputations, to maintain longer stump lengths. Microvascular free tissue transfer has become increasingly popular to preserve limb length and optimize functionality. We present our experience using microvascular free flap reconstruction to preserve lower extremity limb length in the setting of high-energy trauma.
Methods We conducted an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review of patients at three San Francisco hospitals who underwent free flap reconstruction after high-energy trauma between 2003 and 2015. We included all patients who underwent free flap reconstruction for lower extremity limb length preservation. We reviewed patient demographics, preoperative variables, intraoperative details, and postoperative outcomes, including complications, functional status, reoperation rates, and need for revision amputation.
Results Twelve patients underwent microvascular free tissue transfer for limb length preservation. Overall, the patients had similar preoperative comorbidities and a mean age of 44. Six patients had postoperative complications: three minor complications and three major complications. Seven patients had additional surgeries to improve the contour of the flap. One patient required revision amputation, while the remaining 11 patients preserved their original limb length. The majority of patients were fully ambulatory, and four used a prosthesis.
Conclusion Microvascular free tissue transfer can be used to effectively maintain lower extremity stump length following trauma. Although these patients often require multiple surgeries and face lengthy hospital courses, this technique enables preservation of a functional extremity that would otherwise require a more proximal amputation.
miR-455-3p enhances chondrocytes apoptosis and inflammation by targeting COL2A1 in the in vitro osteoarthritis model
Authors: Cheng Fang , Hu Haiyan , Sun Kefu , Yan Fengfeng , Geng Yuqiang 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs are important regulators in osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we investigated the function role of miR-455-3p in the pathogenesis of OA and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We first established the in vitro OA model using IL-1β treated human chondrocyte cell line CHON-001. Using quantitative real time PCR, we observed the expression of miR-455-3p expression was up-regulated in the OA cartilage tissues and IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. A series of function assays, including CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and ELISA assay showed that miR-455-3p contributed to IL-1β-induced apoptosis and inflammation. Moreover, COL2A1 was confirmed as a target of miR-455-3p by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, COL2A1 knockdown reversed the effects of miR-455-3p inhibition, and aggravated the effects of miR-455-3p overexpression on IL-1β-induced OA-like phenomenon. Taken together, these results revealed that miR-455-3p/COL2A1 axis might provide a novel molecular target for the treatment of OA.
Design of novel primer sets for easy detection of Ruegeria species from seawater
Authors: Kitamura Ruriko , Miura Natsuko , Okada Keiko , Motone Keisuke , Takagi Toshiyuki , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Kataoka Michihiko 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Some coral-associated bacteria show protective roles for corals against pathogens. However, the distribution of coral-protecting bacteria in seawater is not well known. In addition, compared with the methods for investigating coral pathogens, few methods have been developed to detect coral-protecting bacteria. Here we prepared a simple method for detecting Ruegeria spp., some strains of which inhibit growth of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. We successfully obtained two Ruegeria-targeting primer sets through in silico and in vitro screening. The primer sets r38F-r30R and r445F-r446R, in addition to the newly designed universal primer set U357′F-U515′R, were evaluated in vitro using environmental DNA extracted from seawater collected in Osaka. These methods and primers should contribute to revealing the distribution of Ruegeria spp. in marine environments.
Heat transfer performance of nano-suspension of Al2O3 in ([C4mim][NT f2]) ionic liquid around a circular cylinder
Authors: Rupesh S , Deepak Selvakumar R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
IoNanofluids are a new category of heat transfer fluids synthesized by suspending fine nanoparticles in ionic liquids. These IoNanofluids show superior heat transfer characteristics than conventional nanofluids and are more suitable for medium to high temperature applications. In this study, a numerical analysis of heat transfer performance of nano-suspension of Al
2
O
3 in ([C4mim][NT f2]) ionic fluid around a circular cylinder has been presented. A 2 − D, laminar, steady and forced convective flow around a hot circular cylinder at a constant temperature has been taken into account at 10 ≤ Re ≤ 40 and 0 % ≤ φ ≤ 2.5 %. Governing equations of flow and heat transfer are solved using SIMPLE algorithm based Finite Volume Method (FVM). An unique aspect of this study is the consideration of the influence of temperature on the thermo-physical properties of the IoNanofluids. Heat transfer characteristics are quantified in terms of mean Nusselt numbers and the thermal field around the circular cylinder has been visualized using isotherms. Influence of flow Reynolds number, particle volume fraction and inlet temperature over the local and mean Nusselt numbers has been discussed in detail. Evidently, increase in flow velocity and addition of nanoparticles resulted in heat transfer augmentation. Additionally, heat transfer performance of Al
2
O
3 − ([C4mim][NT f2]) IoNanofluid is compared with the conventional Al
2
O
3 − H
2
O nanofluid. Comparatively, IoNanofluids outperformed conventional water based nanofluids with 59 % higher heat transfer enhancement ratios. Also, the heat transfer enhancement ratios were noted to be higher at high temperatures. Thus, the new class of cooling liquids (IoNanofluids) are promising working fluids for advanced real time high temperature engineering applications.
Biosynthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles and their characterization
Authors: Parushuram N , Asha S , Ranjana R , Harisha K S , Shilpa M , Narayana B , Sangappa Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4.H2O) using silk sericin (SS) extracted from Bombyx mori silk as a biotemplate. Synthesized AuNPs were characterized by using the various analytical techniques. UV-visible (UV-vis) study confirms the formation of AuNPs in aqueous SS solution showing the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at λ = 530 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed the crystalline phase of gold nanoparticles with face centered cubic (FCC) structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed the formed AuNPs are spherical in shape with diameter around 8 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiment also confirmed the formation of AuNPs in SS solution with average size 10 nm.
Investigation of the blue-green algae based bio diesel using n-hexane and n-hexanol solvents: diesel engine emission parameter and characterization studies
Authors: Shyam Sundar T , Sathish Asha , Nithya K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present study utilizes the species namely Spirulina platensis for extracting the biodiesel using different solvents using trans-esterification process. The gas chromatographic analysis was carried out to determine the chemical compounds present in the algal extract. The selected species were cultivated in the open pond and subsequently, algae oil has been extracted using n-hexane and n-hexanol solvent. Further, the comparison of n-hexane and n-hexanol based bio-diesel in the BD-20 blended form is done. Additionally, the extracted biodiesel is tested for emission parameters in the diesel engine. These results are compared with the emission parameters of commercial diesel which shows that n-hexane and n-hexanol based bio-fuel produces lesser emissions at different load conditions. Hence the selected Spirulina platensis species is found to be the promising alternate energy source for fuel extraction. Moreover, they are prone to exhibit lesser toxic emissions in the air environment than the commercial sources and found to be a sustainable source.
Reduction of Noise in The Vehicle Cabin by Using Natural Fibres with Polyurethane and Comparison with Other acoustic Materials
Authors: Vankayala Raja , Saravanan R , Lakshmikanthan C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As natural fibres are noise-absorbing materials, biodegradable and renewable by using natural fibres such as betel nut, sugarcane fibres are combing with polyurethane for the automobile application to reduce cabinet noise of the vehicle, which currently contains traditional materials such as foams, glass, metals and plastics that are difficult to recycle. Four samples of natural fibres were prepared with different quantities of betel nut & sugarcane ratios of 35: 35, 50: 20, 55: 15, 60: 10. Polyurethane is common with 30% of all samples. The sound absorption coefficient (SAC) in the material was tested by using impedance tube and compared with other acoustic material like nitrile rubber, nonwoven polyester fabric and glass wool. It was observed that betel nut & sugarcane showing better SAC than other acoustic materials mainly at lower and higher frequency 60% betel, 10% sugarcane & 30% polyurethane showing better sound absorption level.
Optimization in Wire Electric Discharge Machining of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Kulkarni Vinayak N , Gaitonde V N , Hadimani Viranna , Aiholi Vasant 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The present study focuses on optimizing the process parameters during machining of NiTi (Nickel-Titanium) shape memory alloy by wire electric discharge machining (Wire EDM) for simultaneously maximizing material removal rate and minimizing tool wear rate u sing brass wire as electrode. Taguchi’s design with utility and modified utility optimization techniques have been used for simultaneous multi-response optimization. Different analyses were performed to determine the optimal settings in both utility and mo dified utility concepts. The optimal results of both methods disclose that the pulse on time of 115µsec and pulse off time of 40µsec with spark gap set voltage of 20V are useful for maximizing material removal rate and minimizing tool wear rate. The optimization results indicate that the spark gap set voltage is the majority significant parameter that affects the tool wear rate and material removal rate.
Effect of load, sliding distance and sliding velocity on the wear properties of aluminum alloy AA5052
Authors: Arjun K. B. , Harikeshava R. , Sreenath C. R. , Srihari G. , Vaira Vignesh R. , Padmanaban R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aluminum alloys are widely used in engineering applications. In motion established contact applications, wear is an inevitable phenomenon. In this study, the wear mechanism of AA5052was explored using pin-on-disc tribometer. The wear test parameters namely load (kg), sliding distance (m), and velocity (m/s) were varied according to central composite design. The wear tracks of the worn specimens were observed using high-resolution scanning electron microscope and the elemental composition was analysed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A hybrid model integrating the linear function and radial basis function was developed to explore the effect of load, sliding distance, and sliding velocity on the wear rate of the AA5052 alloy. The results indicate that increase in axial load and sliding distance decreases the wear rate of the AA5052 alloy.
Study on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine using diesel-calophyllum inophyllum blends
Authors: Vishnuprasad M S , Srihari S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The limited supply of fossil fuels and modern emission norms necessitates the use of mixture of alternate fuels with fossil fuels. Bio-diesel is a renewable source of energy obtained from agro-wastes or agro-based products. Oils obtained from these products maybe edible or non-edible. In this study, the suitability of Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CIO), a non-edible oil, as a bio-diesel source is studied. The bio-diesel fuel is first synthesized from the oil obtained through various stages, including transesterification. The performance characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), specific fuel consumption (SFC) and emission variables such as CO2, NOx, HC, CO and smoke are studied. The blend percentage by volume used in the investigation are 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100%. It is observed that HC and CO emissions are less for B10 blend. B10 blend has 20.3% less NOx emissions when compared to that of diesel fuel. BSFC is decreased by 8% and BTE is increased by 9.5% in B10 blend. Among all blends used, the lowest soot concentration is obtained with B10 blend. B10 blend provides the most suitable combination of characteristics to be used as an alternate fuel blend.
Modeling and Mechanical Vibration characteristics analysis of a Quadcopter Propeller using FEA
Authors: Ahmad Faraz , Bhandari Anamika , Kumar Pushpendra , Patil Pravin P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Quadcopter is a mechatronic device that has four arms and each arm having a D.C. motor with a propeller. These four propellers provide the thrust to quadcopter, furthermore difference in the angular speed of these propellers is responsible for roll, pitch and yaw motion. The propeller of the quadcopter is subjected to the dynamic loading and vibration during the flight. The present study investigates the vibration characteristics of quadcopter propeller. To investigate the vibration behaviour, three different type of material are analyzed for result comparison. The solid model of propeller was designed in Creo 2.0 and Ansys 16.2 was used for analysis. Modal analysis was performed to find the First 6 natural fundamental frequencies and their mode shape. The frequency variation describes the failure and safe region through colour couture scale under different loading condition. The obtained results are compared and validated with the previous studies.
A study on the effect of pH conditions on the properties of self-healing mortar cubes
Authors: Subash Sruthy , Poornima V , Jayanarayanan Karingamanna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the effect of pH on the various properties of the self-healing mortars (SHM). The bacteria induced structures have the ability to heal cracks generated on its surfaces by precipitating minerals inside the pores which bio mimics the natural healing processes occurring in nature, thus being an environment friendly technology that contributes in maintaining the structural durability. The microbiologically induced precipitation accelerates at different rates at different conditions. Hence an attempt has been made to analyse the changes in the properties in mortar cubes induced with 105 cells/ml concentration of Bacillus megaterium solution and subjecting them to different curing media at different pH conditions. The healing efficiency of the cracks induced in the mortar cubes are evaluated visually for successive days. Through X-ray Diffraction analysis the white powder covering crack surface is confirmed to be calcite. The percentage reduction in the compressive strength of the samples after healing was found to be only 3% after 28 days of curing. The findings of the paper suggest promising application of self-healing mortar cubes at different geographical locations by varying the amount of bacterial solution.
Energy Consumption Pattern and Environmental Impact: A Case Study of Residential Sector in India
Authors: Jangali Satish G , Nagesha N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Energy is fundamental to the economic progress of the nation and is vital in every sector of an economy for survival and growth. The consumption of energy is going to rise further in the near future, as it sees an increase in population. The energy used in the residential sector is a critical area for the campaign to conserve energy. In this backdrop and with the growing share of India in global energy use and Carbon dioxide emissions, this paper aims to analyse the pattern of energy consumption in the residential sector of the South Indian city, Karnataka State, India and also estimates the environmental impact in terms of CO2 emission. The energy efficiency level is computed in terms of Specific Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity. The factor analysis is carried out by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method to find factors influencing energy efficiency and energy consumption. Also, these factors are studied and analysed using multiple regression models.
Paramertic Optimization of in µ-Edm Using Anova Technique for Semi Circular Feature Generation
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Satsangi P.S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Development of semi circular Feature and optimization of its process parameters is carried out in this paper. In the research work, Energy, RPM and Feed were taken as input parameters. The response parameters were selected as Material removal rate and Taper. From the main effect plot and S/N ratio graphs, it can be seen that energy and tool rotation are most significant parameter that affect taper. Energy is the only significant parameter that affects machining time. These results have been validated by ANOVA. The optimal combination of input parameters comes out be as energy as 2645μ joules, Tool rotation as 600 rpm and feed rate as 1mm/m. This combination gave the value of material removal rate and taper as 0.0690088 mm3/m and 1.63024° respectively.
Numerical analysis of a modified shell and tube heat exchanger model
Authors: Sreeraj S , Ameen Z , Jishnu AP , Pragatheeshwaran T , Sarath R S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In present day shell and tube heat exchanger is the most common type heat exchanger widely used in industries, because it suites high pressure applications. The process involving stimulation consists of modeling existing and newly designed geometry and meshing the new geometry of shell and tube heat exchanger using CFD package 14.0.The objective of the project is to modify the existing heat exchanger in order to reduce the preheating time. We focus on numerical comparison of the existing design with the newly constructed geometry. Analytical data obtained for the new design is compared with the existing one. The actual design consisting of 49 U Tubes with 10mm diameter, length 1225mm and shell diameter 168mm is converted in to 18 tubes with 25.4m diameter, length 2050mm and shell diameter 273.1mm.
Influence of Cd substitution and temperature on dielectric properties of SnO2
Authors: Ahmad Naseem , Khan Shakeel , Bhargava Richa , Nizam Ansari Mohd Mohsin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The temperature dependence of dielectric properties of Cd-doped SnO2 nanoparticles has been carried out successfully in the temperature range 30 to 300 °C at specific frequencies. The dielectric constant of pure and Cd-doped SnO2 sample at selected frequency increases with increasing temperature. The loss tangent of pure and doped materials has also been examined. Ac conductivity of Cd incorporated SnO2 samples increases with increasing temperature. Further, the activation energies at different frequencies for all samples have been estimated.
Steel incorporated sawdust concrete
Authors: Ananthkumar M , Yuvan Karthick M C , Rajashekar A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The constant increase in rate of cement in developing countries such as India has aroused the need to relate research to production. This Paper deals with subject of reducing the overall construction cost of concrete by partial replacement of Pozzolanic Portland Cement(PPC) with an optimum content of sawdust to reduce the cost and addition of Lathe Scrap Powder (LSP) to compensate the loss of strength due to replacement of cement by sawdust. PPC was replaced with 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% and 15% of sawdust to find the optimum percentage. LSP was then added in 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.5% to the sawdust concrete. After a time period of 7 days, 14 days and 28 days curing of standard size concrete cubes a compressive strength test was carried out, and the slump test was done on freshly prepared sample of concrete. Weight of the cubes was also found to calculate the bulk density of the steel incorporated sawdust concrete. Results show that on addition of 0.25% LSP on sawdust concrete indicated compressive strength (31.33) which was comparable to that of plain concrete(32.66).
Preparation and Electrical Characterization of Bi1-xNdxFeO3 (x=0.0 and 0.05) Ceramics
Authors: Jha V K , Roy M , Suthar L , Bhadala F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The solid state reaction method has been imp lemented for the preparation of mu ltiferro ic Bi1-xNdxFeO3 (x = 0.0 and 0.05) ceramics. The constituent oxides were mixed and calcined at 873 K and than sintered at 1123 K. The X-Ray Diffraction technique has been used to analyze the structure of prepared ceramics at roo m temperature (RT). Frequency and temperature dependant dielectricproperties have been measured. The DC conductivity of these compounds has also been measured fro m RT to 603K. The activation energies (Ea) are 1.84 eV and 2.02eV for pure and Nd doped compounds which has been calculated from the Arrhenius relation σ = σ˳exp (-Ea/KT).
Structure and magnetic properties of superparamagnetic ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Farheen Atiya , Singh Rajender 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Superparamagnetic Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles have been emerging as an important material due to its potential application in the preparation of stable ferrofluids. The superparamagnetic ferrite nanoparticles were prepared through co-precipitation method. The Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction confirms the cubic spinel structure with fd-3m space group. The average crystallite size of the nanoparticles observed from X-ray diffraction is ∼5nm. The transmission electron microscope micrographs also confirm the nano phase of the Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles. The s-shape of the magnetic hysteresis loop indicates the superparamagnetic behaviour of the nanoparticles. The narrow electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra also confirm the superparamagnetic nature of the nanoparticles.