bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in The Burden of HIV-Related Cervical Cancer Over A Decade in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Jaquet Antoine , Boni Simon , Tchounga Boris , Comoe Kouassi , Tanon Aristophane , Horo Apollinaire , Diomandé Isidore , Didi-Kouko-Coulibaly Judith , Ekouevi Didier , Adoubi Innocent 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Major improvements have occurred in access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) prevention of HIV-infected women over the past decade in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is limited information on changes in the burden of HIV-related ICC at a population level. Our objective was to compare HIV-related ICC over a decade and document factors associate with HIV infection in women with ICC in Côte d’Ivoire.METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted in referral hospitals of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire during the 2009-2011 and 2018-2020 periods. During both periods, women diagnosed with ICC were systematically tested for HIV. A common questionnaire was administered to collect demographic information, ICC risk factors, cancer stage (FIGO) and HIV characteristics (ART use, last known CD4 count) for those screened positive. Characteristics of HIV-related ICC were compared between the time periods and factors associated with HIV in women diagnosed with ICC in 2018-2020 were documented through a multivariate logistic model.RESULTS: During the 2009-2011 and 2018-2020 periods, 147 and 297 women with ICC were diagnosed, with median [IQR] age at ICC diagnosis of 49 [40-57] years and 51 [43-60] years (p=0.01), respectively. The estimated HIV prevalence was 24.5% and 21.9% (p=0.53), respectively. An advanced FIGO stage (III, IV) was documented in 74.5% and 76.2% of women during these two time periods (p=0.72). In HIV-infected women, access to ART increased from to 2.8% to 73.8% (p<10-4) and median CD4 cell count from 285 [IQR 250 – 441] to 492 [IQR 377 – 833] cells/mm3 (p=0.03) between the two time periods. In Women diagnosed with ICC during the 2018-2020 period, HIV infection was associated with a less advanced clinical stage (FIGO I/II stage) [aOR=2.2 (95%CI 1.1-4.4)] and with higher ICC diagnosis through a systematic screening [aOR=10.5 (95%CI 2.5-45.5)].CONCLUSIONS: Despite an improved access to ART in Côte d’Ivoire, the proportion of HIV-infected women diagnosed with ICC remains high in 2020. HIV-infected women diagnosed with ICC in 2018-2020 presented with less advanced stage and a higher access to ICC screening at diagnosis compared to their uninfected counterparts suggesting an enhanced access to early ICC diagnosis.
Rapid Detection of Carbapenemase Genes (Bla-Vim And Bla-Imp) By Multiplex Pcr in Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates
Authors: Ansari Mehraj , Rai Kulraj , Rai Ganesh , Aryal Subhas , Rai Shiba , Shah Anil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCarbapenems have been the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, during recent years, carbapenems resistant bacteria have emerged significantly. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) producing isolates among Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.ResultsOf the total 1,151 clinical samples, 253 (22.0%) showed growth positive. Of them, 226 (89.3%) were identified as members of Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Among the 226 isolates, 106 (46.9%) were multidrug-resistant. Of the 106, 97 (91.5%) isolates showed resistance to at least one of the carbapenem used. Among the 97 isolates, 67 (69.1%) showed MHT positive results. bla-VIM and bla-IMP were detected in 40 and 38 isolates, respectively.ConclusionThis study determined the higher prevalence of MDR and carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii as detected by the presence of bla-VIM and bla-IMP genes.Keywords: Carbapenems, Carbapenemase, Modified Hodge Test, bla-VIM, bla-IMP
Nonlinear self-accelerating beams induced in multilevel atomic vapors
Authors: Wu Zhenkun , Zhang Yagang , Yang Kaibo , Ru Jingmin , Wen Feng , Gu Yuzong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate the existence and curious propagation dynamics of self-accelerating beams in Λ-type three-level nonlinear atomic vapors with Kerr and cubic-quintic nonlinearities through numerical investigation and mathematical modelling. Upon adjusting the generation and propagation conditions, these nonlinear accelerating beams exhibit different evolution properties. We demonstrate that the input beams can propagate robustly in the medium regardless of its absorption properties. The shape and peak intensity of the main lobes of these input beams, which are the eigenmodes of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in atomic media, are preserved for a significantly long propagation distance. If such beams are not the modes of the system, they are subjected to the under-healing or over-healing effect, which damages the shape of the self-accelerating beams. We also discuss the interactions between truncated accelerating beams, which readily generate non-accelerating solitons and soliton pairs. The results indicate that the atomic vapor can serve as a promising medium for the generation of nonlinear self-accelerating beams.
General Characteristics and Quality Assessment of Pediatric Randomized Controlled Trials Published in Mainland China over the Decades 1999-2018
Authors: Huo Bennian , Ran Su-juan , JIA Yun-tao , LIU yao , AI mao-lin , YIN Nan-ge , SONG Lin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are usually the basis of evidence-based medicine and provide important information for pediatric clinical practice, but whether the results of RCTs can be correctly translated into clinical practice depends on the quality of the literature reported. In this study, we evaluated the general characteristics and quality of pediatric RCTs published in mainland China over the decades 1999-2018.Methods: We individually searched all 20 available pediatric journals published between January 1, 1999, and December 30, 2018 and selected RCTs with participants less than 18 years. Each review author extracted details data from each of the selected RCTs including general characteristics, ethical characteristics, trial characteristics. Using Cochrane Collaboration methods for risk assessment.Results: Totally, 4093 RCTs were included for analysis. The average annual growth rate of published pediatric RCTs was 35.22% (p = 0.000), a notable increase occurred in 2017, and most of the studies were carried out in east China (32%). Only 1.98% of RCTs conducted in multiple-center, and 13.73% of the RCTs reported funding resources, 15.34% of the RCTs stated that it was approved by the ethics committee and 34.99% of the authors stated that the patients signed the informed consent. Comparing RCTs published in 2014-2018 with RCTs published in 1999-2003, we found the quality of RCTs has improved in random sequence generation, blinding participants and personnel, and incomplete outcome data. RCTs stated the approval of the ethics committee and the signing of the informed consent form, conducted in teaching hospitals, with multiple-centers, funding were of better quality in all the analyzed items.Conclusions: The number of pediatric RCTs has increased significantly over time in mainland China, and the quality have improved over the decades 1999-2018, but quality of the RCTs initiated by investigators published in mainland China still need to be improved, special attention should be paid to allocation concealment, blinding outcome assessment and selective outcome reporting.
A novel modification of the Endorectal Advancement Flap for complex anal fistulas: surgical technique and outcomes
Authors: Al-Turaihi Hassan , Blears Elizabeth , Sugumar Kavin , Deshmukh Ganesh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:Fistula-in-ano is a common problem encountered by surgeons which can be classified as either simple or complex. Complex fistulas (CF) cause higher morbidity and are much more challenging to treat. Although numerous treatment options are available for CF, none are proven to be 100% effective. The endorectal advancement flap (EAF) procedure was developed as an alternative to conventional surgical treatments for CF. Herein, we describe a novel modification of the EAF procedure along with surgical outcomes in terms of recurrence, fecal incontinence and factors associated with flap failure. Methods:A retrospective review of patients with CF who underwent EAF between 2004-2019 was done. The conventional EAF procedure was modified by performing transverse imbrication of the internal sphincter over the internal fistula opening. The incidence of post-operative recurrence and fecal incontinence were calculated from chart documentation at the last available date of follow-up. Also, the association between various clinical and demographic factors and post-operative flap failure were using statistical significance at alpha of 0.05. Results: With a median follow-up of 6.6 months (range: 3.3-24 months), 99 patients with CFs underwent a modified EAF. Of these, 93% (92/99) had a successful procedure, 7% (7/99) experienced recurrence and 1% (1/99) experienced new-onset fecal incontinence. Systemic steroid or immunomodulatory therapy use (p=0.001) and patients with diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (p<0.0001) were associated with increased rate of recurrence.Conclusion:EAF with transverse imbrication of the internal opening using interrupted, absorbable suture is an effective technique to treat complex or recurrent anal fistulas. It is associated with a low risk of recurrence (7%) and fecal incontinence (1%) and a valid treatment option for CFs.
Video Self-Modeling for a Student with Dravet Syndrome: an Intervention Involving Parents During Covid-19 Pandemic in Italy
Authors: Vascelli Luca , Berardo Federica 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Video-modeling instruction (VMI) offers several advantages in increased efficiency, control over stimuli presentation, and logistical factors. These characteristics seem to be critical in helping families of individuals with developmental disabilities during the restriction due to the Covid-19 global pandemic in Italy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of video self-modeling (VSM) on three different behaviors of a 12-year-old boy with Dravet syndrome. The boy's mother was instructed to use VMI through the use of role-playing and performance feedback to implement the procedure directly. A multiple baseline design across behaviors was used. The dependent variable was the number of correct responses for each behavior. Results showed that the procedure was effective in increasing the performance of the participant. Considerations were made related to the potential that a telehealth intervention could have in efficiency, sustainability, and parents’ involvement during and after the health emergency.
Association of higher arterial ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/β-hydroxybutyrate) with relevant nutritional marker in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Inaba Masaaki , Kumeda Yasuro , Yamada Shinsuke , Toi Norikazu , Hamai Chie , Noguchi Koichi , Yasuda Eikichi , Furumitsu Yutaka , Emoto Masanori , Ohno Yoshiteru 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: An association of higher levels of b-hydroxybutyrate (b-HB) in serum with greater mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients has been reported. This study examined the significance of arterial ketone body ratio (AcAc/b-HB), a relevant marker of energy state, in HD patients.Methods: The levels of arterial AcAc and b-HB, and AcAc/b-HB ratio were determined in 49 HD patients just before undergoing an HD session. Additionally, changes in those levels during the session were examined to investigate their associations with clinical nutritional markers.Results: Arterial b-HB, but not AcAc, was significantly higher at the baseline in 25 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as compared to 24 non-DM patients, with a significant reduction in arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio seen in those with DM. Although the arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio before the HD session was significantly higher in the non-DM group, it did not differ significantly after the session between the groups, indicating a faster rate of b-HB disappearance from circulation in non-DM HD patients during the interdialytic period. Multiple regression analysis, which included age, gender, presence/absence of DM, log HD duration, log b-HB, and log AcAc/b-HB ratio as independent variables, revealed an independent and significant association of log AcAc/ b-HB ratio, but not log b-HB, with serum albumin and uric acid. Conclusion: We found that a decreased AcAc/b-HB ratio resulting from increased b-HB, but not increased b-HB itself, was a significant factor independently associated with decreased levels of serum albumin and uric acid, known to be related to higher mortality in HD patients. Furthermore, it is possible that higher mortality in DM HD patients can be explained by reduced arterial AcAc/b-HB ratio.
Temperature-driven nutrient recycling and euxinia as a marine mass extinction mechanism
Authors: Hülse Dominik , Lau Kimberly , de Velde Sebastiaan van , Arndt Sandra , Meyer Katja , Ridgwell Andy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Extreme warming at the end-Permian induced profound changes in marine biogeochemical cycling and animal habitability, leading to the largest extinction in Earth's history. However, a causal mechanism for the extinction that explains the different proxy evidence has yet to be found. By combining recent modeling developments with global and local redox observations, we show that a temperature-driven increase in microbial respiration can reconcile reconstructions of the spatial distribution of euxinia and seafloor anoxia spanning the Permian/Triassic transition. We illustrate how enhanced metabolic rates would have strengthened upper ocean nutrient recycling, and thus shoaled and intensified the oxygen minimum zones — eventually causing euxinic waters to expand onto continental shelves, poisoning benthic habitats. Finally, we find that the temperature effect on microbial activity can account for some of the decline in carbon isotopes at the end-Permian with the implication that carbon release as inferred from those changes is likely overestimated. Our findings present a novel view of the sensitive interconnections between temperature, microbial metabolism, ocean redox state and carbon cycling during the end-Permian mass extinction with potential far-ranging implications for the interpretation of carbon cycle perturbations during Earth history.
Harmonizing Corporate Carbon Footprints
Authors: Klaaßen Lena , Stoll Christian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Global greenhouse gas emissions need to reach net-zero around mid-century to limit global warming to 1.5°C. This decarbonization challenge has, inter alia, increased the political and societal pressure on companies to disclose their carbon footprints. As a response, numerous companies announced roadmaps to become carbon neutral or even negative. The first step on the journey towards carbon neutrality, however, is to quantify corporate emissions accurately. Current carbon accounting and reporting practices remain unsystematic and incomparable, particularly for emissions along the value chain (scope 3). Here we present a framework to harmonize scope 3 emissions by accounting for reporting inconsistency, boundary incompleteness, and activity exclusion. In a case study of the tech sector, we find that corporate reports omit half of the total emissions. The framework we present may help companies, investors, and policy makers to identify and close the gaps in corporate carbon footprints.
Robust asymmetry of the future Arctic polar vortex is driven by tropical Pacific warming
Authors: Matsumura Shinji , Yamazaki Koji , Horinouchi Takeshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The wintertime Arctic stratospheric polar vortex is characterized by a circumpolar westerly jet, confining the coldest temperatures over the Arctic. The future stratosphere is globally dominated by a strong radiative cooling due to the increase in greenhouse gases, enhancing the Arctic cooling. However, we find that over North America, the Arctic stratospheric cooling is suppressed or rather warming occurs, whereas over Eurasia stratospheric cooling is most pronounced, leading to an asymmetric polar vortex, based on 21st century climate model simulations. There are many causes that drive polar vortex variability, such as Arctic sea ice loss, and midlatitude and tropical Pacific warming, which make future projections highly uncertain. Our model simulations demonstrate that tropical warming induces the asymmetric polar vortex. The eastern equatorial Pacific warming causes eastward-shifted teleconnection, which strengthens the polar vortex over Eurasia and weakens over North America by enhancing the vertical wave propagation into the stratosphere. The asymmetric polar vortex is projected to markedly develop in the 2030s, and so could also affect winter surface climate over mid- to high-latitudes of Eurasia in the near future.
CLINICAL AND ULTRASOUND PARALLELS IN DIAGNOSIS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Oparin Aleksey , Yarantseva Natalia , Oparin Anatoliy 
Published: November 2020

The aim of the work: to study the relationship of ultrasound parameters of the thyroid gland with the clinical course, the level of thyroid hormones and indicators of the motor-secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Materials and methods. The study involved three groups of patients. The first group consisted of 22 patients with isolated GERD. The second group included 20 patients suffering from GERD in combination with AIT in the hypothyroid stage. And the third group included 20 patients suffering from isolated AIT in the hypothyroid stage. The control group consisted of 15 apparently healthy individuals of the same age and sex. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, which included the necessary set of clinical, laboratory and instrumental research methods in accordance with the local treatment protocols such as collection of complaints and anamnesis, patient examination, physical examination, clinical and biochemical analyzes, ECG, EGD, intragastric pH-metry. The patients underwent ultrasound examination of the motor-evacuation function of the esophagus and stomach with water load and an ultrasound examination of thyroid gland. The functional activity of thyroid gland was assessed by determining the level of thyroid hormones (TSH, T4 free, T3) by ELISA and the presence of antibodies to. Results. The study involved three groups of patients: patients with isolated gastroesophageal reflux disease, patients with a combined course of GERD and AIT in the hypothyroid stage and patients with isolated AIT in the hypothyroid stage. The most pronounced complaints, a higher level of thyroid-stimulating hormone and the most pronounced ultrasound changes are noted in patients with combined pathology. Ultrasound examination of the lower third of esophagus and stomach in patients of all three groups showed the presence of regurgitation, expansion of the lumen of the lower third of esophagus and an increase in the diameter of esophageal opening of diaphragm in varying degrees, in contrast to patients in the control group. Thus according to the results of thyroid sonography and ultrasound examination of the motor function of the lower third of esophagus and stomach, the most pronounced changes were found in the second group of patients who had a combined course of GERD and AIT. Conclusions. 1. A clear correlation was established between the clinical course, an increase in the level of thyroid hormones and ultrasound picture of thyroid gland and indicators of the motor-secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with GERD and AIT; It was shown that disorders in the activity of thyroid hormones affect the formation of motor-secretory disorders in patients with GERD with concomitant AIT which mutually aggravates the course of this comorbid pathology; Ultrasound diagnostics can be used as an evaluative method in this category of patients.
Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome: Effect of Morphological Variations on the Diagnosis
Authors: Dablan Ali , Oktay Cemil , Çevikol Can 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to clarify which morphologic variations of the
hip on MRI are associated with the development of ischiofemoral impingement.

Methods:
Hip MRIs of patients who have been referred to our department between 2016-2017
were retrospectively reviewed and assessed for pathological signal changes in the quadratus femoris
muscle and ipsilateral hip or buttock pain. After assessment, ischial angle, inclination angle,
ischiofemoral space, quadratus femoris space, intertuberous distances and femur neck angle, femoral
torsion angle and knee angle were measured and compared in 37 hips of 20 patients and 56 hips
of 28 age-gender matched control subjects.

Results:
There were statistically significant differences between the patient and control groups in
all MRI parameters except for intertuberous distances (p<0.05). Quadratus femoris space
(p<0.001) and ischiofemoral space (p<0.001) were significantly lower and femoral torsion angle
(p=0.02), femur neck angle (p=0.001), ischial angle (p=0.01) and inclination angle (p=0.03) values
were significantly higher in patients compared with the control group.

Conclusion:
Decreased ischiofemoral space and quadratus femoris space, increased femoral torsion
angle, femur neck angle, ischial angle and inclination angle are found to be associated with IFI
on MRI. These pelvic anatomical variations may predispose to ischiofemoral impingement and
should be kept in mind for patients with hip pain.