bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart design engineering: a literature review of the impact of the 4th industrial revolution on product design and development
Authors: Pereira Pessôa Marcus Vinicius , Jauregui Becker Juan Manuel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIndustrial revolutions (IRs) are mostly associated with how transformations regarding the operations of an enterprise affect said enterprise’s manufacturing systems. However, the impact of these transformations exceeds the production systems themselves; rather, they affect the entire value chain, from the product design and development process (PDDP) through manufacturing and supply-chain management to marketing and disposal. As the new PDDP to a large extent defines the value chain for a company, the challenge lies in ensuring that the designed product will help the company fully benefit from the IRs. By analysing the 4th IR, the authors reveal that few publications shed light on this aspect. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to establish features and properties that will shape the PDDP throughout the 4th IR and into a smart design engineering. To accomplish this, the authors conduct a systematic review of the literature, which provides ten findings. These findings are then analysed by 11 specialists both from academia and the industry, and the findings’ relations to the 4th IR and their impact on the product development process is discussed. By establishing these findings, this paper provides a platform for the understanding of what could potentially shape smart design engineering and its design-related activities.
Impaired Bone Microarchitecture in Patients with Hereditary Hemochromatosis and Skeletal Complications
Authors: Jandl Nico Maximilian , Rolvien Tim , Schmidt Tobias , Mussawy Haider , Nielsen Peter , Oheim Ralf , Amling Michael , Barvencik Florian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHereditary hemochromatosis (HHC) is characterized by excessive intestinal iron absorption resulting in a pathological increase of iron levels. Parenchyma damage may be a consequence of iron deposition in affected organs (e.g., liver, pancreas, gonads) as well as bones and joints, leading to osteoporosis with increased fracture risk and arthropathy. Up to date, it is not known whether HHC can also be considered as a risk factor for osteonecrosis. Likewise, the underlying skeletal changes are unknown regarding, e.g., microstructural properties of bone. We aimed to study the spectrum of skeletal complications in HHC and the possible underlying microarchitectural changes. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed all patients with HHC (n = 10) presenting in our outpatient clinic for bone diseases. In addition to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) was performed and bone turnover markers, 25-OH-D3, ferritin and transferrin saturation were measured. Cortical volumetric bone mineral density (Ct.BMD) and cortical thickness (Ct.Th) were reduced, whereas trabecular microstructure (Tb.Th) and volumetric bone mineral density (Tb.BMD) were preserved compared to age- and gender-adjusted reference values from the literature. Interestingly, the occurrence of bone complications was age dependent; while younger patients presented with osteonecroses or transient bone marrow edema, patients older than 65 years presented with fractures. Our study provides first insights into altered bone microarchitecture in HHC and sheds new light on the occurrence of osteonecrosis. If available, HR-pQCT is a useful complement to fracture risk assessment and to determine microstructural deterioration and volumetric bone mineralization deficits.
Establishing the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21) in patients treated for chronic middle ear disease
Authors: Bächinger David , Mlynski Robert , Weiss Nora M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aim
To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21), a questionnaire assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic otitis media (COM).

Methods
In this longitudinal study, 103 patients completed the ZCMEI-21 before and after surgery for chronic otitis media. An anchor-based method including a global rating of change (GRC) was used to assess the MCID of the ZCMEI-21.

Results
A total of 103 patients were included. The mean preoperative and postoperative ZCMEI-21 scores were 28.6 (SD 13.6), and 21.8 (SD 12.8), respectively. The mean change was 6.8 (SD 0.8; p < 0.0001). A significant correlation between the ZCMEI-21 scores and the GRC was found (r =  − 0.5; p < 0.001). Using the anchor-based method, the MCID of the ZCMEI-21 was estimated at 5.3 (SD 12.0).

Conclusions
Knowledge of values indicating a clinically relevant change in patient-reported outcome measures is important when interpreting effects of different treatment modalities. This is the first study assessing the MCID of a questionnaire measuring HRQoL in COM, i.e. the ZCMEI-21. We recommend a MCID of 5 in COM patients undergoing surgical treatment. This information substantially increases the usefulness of the ZCMEI-21 as an outcome measure in COM as changes can be assessed with regard to their clinical meaningfulness.
Intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) inPinus nigra(J. F. Arnold) at high-elevation in the central Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Piermattei Alma , Campelo Filipe , Büntgen Ulf , Crivellaro Alan , Garbarino Matteo , Urbinati Carlo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough wood anatomical features can provide yearly resolved climatic information at sub-seasonal resolution, the occurrence of intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) might be triggered by several abiotic factors under different ecological settings. Here, we use information on cambial age and tree-ring width to standardize the frequency of IADFs in European black pines from three different mountain slopes in the central Apennines (Italy). At each site, we sampled isolated 15–30-year pioneer pines above the forest limit, as well as close-grown 40–60-year planted pines at the forest limit. Mainly restricted to the latewood of both pioneer and planted trees, the occurrence of IADFs reveals a significant positive relationship with cambial age and ring width. Although the standardized IADFs are well synchronized between the planted and pioneer pines, the frequency of IADFs in narrow rings was higher in the pioneer pines. Drought conditions in July and August are responsible for the highest IADFs frequency in planted and pioneer pines, respectively. Our study underlines the value of IADFs to obtain a more nuanced understanding of the climatic drivers of wood formation at the intra-annual scale.
Fracture load of 3D printed PEEK inlays compared with milled ones, direct resin composite fillings, and sound teeth
Authors: Prechtel Alexander , Stawarczyk Bogna , Hickel Reinhard , Edelhoff Daniel , Reymus Marcel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this in vitro study was to investigate fracture load, fracture types, and impact of chewing simulation of human molars restored with 3D printed indirect polyetheretherketone (PEEK) inlays and compare these with milled indirect PEEK inlays, direct resin composite fillings, and sound teeth.Materials and methodsA total of 112 molars with form congruent class I cavities were restored with (n = 16/group) 3D printed indirect PEEK inlays via fused layer manufacturing (FLM): (1) Essentium PEEK (ESS), (2) KetaSpire PEEK MS-NT1 (KET), (3) VESTAKEEP i4 G (VES), (4) VICTREX PEEK 450G (VIC), (5) milled indirect PEEK inlays JUVORA Dental Disc 2 (JUV), and (6) direct resin composite fillings out of Tetric EvoCeram (TET). Sound teeth (7) acted as positive control group. Half of the specimens of each group (n = 8) were treated in a chewing simulator combined with thermal cycling (1.2 million × 50 N; 12,000 × 5 °C/55 °C). Fracture load and fracture types of all molars were determined. Statistical analyses using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and two-way ANOVA with partial eta squared (ηp2) followed by Scheffé post hoc test, chi square test and Weibull modulusmwith 95% confidence interval were computed (p < 0.05).ResultsESS and TET demonstrated the lowest fracture load with a minimum of 956 N, whereas sound molars showed the highest values of up to 2981 N. Chewing simulation indicated no impact (p = 0.132). With regard to Weibull modulus, KET presented a lower value after chewing simulation than JUV, whereas TET had the highest value without chewing simulation. All indirect restorations revealed a tooth fracture (75–100%), direct resin composite fillings showed a restoration fracture (87.5%), and 50% of the sound teeth fractured completely or had cusp fractures.ConclusionsAll 3D printed and milled indirect PEEK inlays as well as the direct resin composite fillings presented a higher fracture load than the expected physiological and maximum chewing forces.Clinical relevance3D printing of inlays out of PEEK via FLM provided promising results in mechanics, but improvements in terms of precision and esthetics will be required to be practicable in vivo to represent an alternative dental material.
Probabilistische Modellierung und Vorhersage der Standzeit und Zuverlässigkeit eines Fräswerkzeugs mittels der Bayesianischen Statistik
Authors: Salehi M. , Wald G. , Schmitz T. L. , Haas R. , Ovtcharova J. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel wird die probabilistische Modellierung und Vorhersage für die Standzeit und Zuverlässigkeit eines Fräswerkzeugs mittels der Bayesianischen Statistik beschrieben. Zur Entwicklung des probabilistischen Modells wird eine Markov-Chain-Monte-Carlo-Simulation (MCMC) auf das Taylor-Standzeit-Modell angewendet. Die A‑priori-Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen werden aus der Literaturrecherche ermittelt. Aus anschließenden Fräsversuchen werden ein Trainings- und ein Testdatensatz generiert. Die Versuche werden in einem Bereich der Schnittgeschwindigkeiten von 300 bis 400 m/min durchgeführt. Die A‑posteriori-Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen werden unter Verwendung des Trainingssatzes berechnet. Mittels der trainierten A‑posteriori-Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen werden anschließend die Testdatensätze bei den Schnittgeschwindigkeiten von 300 bis 400 m/min vorhergesagt. Es folgt ein Vergleich des probabilistischen Standzeitmodells mit den Testdatensätzen. Anschließend werden die A‑posteriori-Verteilungen der Werkzeugstandzeit verwendet, um eine Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse unter Verwendung der Zuverlässigkeitsfunktion in Abhängigkeit der Schnittgeschwindigkeit durchzuführen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Werkzeugstandzeit- und Zuverlässigkeitsfunktion die gemessenen Werkzeugstandzeiten innerhalb der Unsicherheitsintervalle mit einem maximalen Vorhersagefehler von 18 % mit lediglich zwei Trainingsdatenpunkten vorhersagen können.
Force chains and networks: wet suspensions through dry granular eyes
Authors: Radhakrishnan Rangarajan , Royer John R. , Poon Wilson C. K. , Sun Jin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in shear-thickening suspension rheology suggest a relation between (wet) suspension flow below jamming and (dry) granular physics. To probe this connection, we simulated the contact force networks in suspensions of non-Brownian spheres using the discrete element method, varying the particle friction coefficient and volume fraction. We find that force networks in these suspensions show quantitative similarities to those in jammed dry grains. As suspensions approach the jamming point, the extrapolated volume fraction and coordination number at jamming are similar to critical values obtained for isotropically compressed spheres. Similarly, the shape of the distribution of contact forces in flowing suspensions is remarkably similar to that found in granular packings, suggesting potential refinements for analytical mean field models for the rheology of shear thickening suspensions.

Graphic abstract
Thirty years of CMV seroprevalence—a longitudinal analysis in a German university hospital
Authors: Hoehl Sebastian , Berger Annemarie , Ciesek Sandra , Rabenau Holger F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patient groups at risk. We have previously shown that the anti-CMV IgG seroprevalence in an urban region of Germany has changed over the last decades. Overall, a decline from 63.7 to 57.25% had been observed between 1988–1997 and 1998–2008 (p < 0,001). Here, we continuously follow the trends to the most recent decade 2009 to 2018. In a retrospective analysis, we determined the seroprevalence of CMV IgG antibodies in our patient cohort, stratified by gender and selected groups at risk (e.g., patients with HIV infection; women of childbearing age). The overall prevalence of anti-CMV IgG non-significantly declined further from 57.25% in 1998–2008 to 56.48% in 2009–2018 (p = 0.881). Looking at gender differences, overall CMV seroprevalence in males declined to 52.82% (from 55.54% in 1998–2008;p = 0.0254), while it non-significantly increased in females to 59.80%. The high seroprevalence in patients with a known HIV infection further increased from 87.46% in 1998–2008 to 92.93% in the current period (p = 0.9999). In women of childbearing age, no significant changes over the last three decades could be observed. The CMV seroprevalence in oncological patients was determined to be 60.64%. Overall, the former significant decline of CMV seroprevalence between the decades 1988–1997 and 1998–2008 in this urban region of Germany slowed down to a non-significant decrease of 0.77% (1998–2008 vs. 2009–2018). This might be an indicator that CMV seroprevalence has reached a plateau.
Changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a low endemicity area—new challenges for MRSA control
Authors: Junnila Jenna , Hirvioja Tiina , Rintala Esa , Auranen Kari , Rantakokko-Jalava Kaisu , Silvola Jaakko , Lindholm Laura , Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela Kirsi , Marttila Harri , Vuopio Jaana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has increased sharply in Hospital District of Southwest Finland (HD). To understand reasons behind this, a retrospective, population-based study covering 10 years was conducted. All new 983 MRSA cases in HD from January 2007 to December 2016 were analysed. Several data sources were used to gather background information on the cases. MRSA cases were classified as healthcare-associated (HA-MRSA), community-associated (CA-MRSA), and livestock contact was determined (livestock-associated MRSA, LA-MRSA). Spa typing was performed to all available strains. The incidence of MRSA doubled from 12.4 to 24.9 cases/100000 persons/year. The proportion of clinical infections increased from 25 to 32% in the 5-year periods, respectively, (p < 0.05). The median age decreased from 61 years in 2007 to 30 years in 2016. HA-MRSA accounted for 68% of all cases, of which 32% associated with 26 healthcare outbreaks. The proportion of CA-MRSA cases increased from 13% in 2007 to 43% in 2016. Of CA-MRSA cases, 43% were among family clusters, 32% in immigrants and 4% were LA-MRSA. The Gini-Simpson diversity index for spa types increased from 0.86 to 0.95 from the first to the second 5-year period. The proportion of a predominant strain t172 decreased from 43% in 2009 to 7% in 2016. The rise in the proportion of CA-MRSA, the switch to younger age groups, the complexity of possible transmission routes and the growing spa-type diversity characterize our current MRSA landscape. This creates challenges for targeted infection control measures, demanding further studies.
Biases in health expectancies due to educational differences in survey participation of older Europeans: It’s worth weighting for
Authors: Spitzer Sonja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHealth expectancies are widely used by policymakers and scholars to analyse the number of years a person can expect to live in good health. Their calculation requires life tables in combination with prevalence rates of good or bad health from survey data. The structure of typical survey data, however, rarely resembles the education distribution in the general population. Specifically, low-educated individuals are frequently underrepresented in surveys, which is crucial given the strong positive correlation between educational attainment and good health. This is the first study to evaluate if and how health expectancies for 13 European countries are biased by educational differences in survey participation. To this end, calibrated weights that consider the education structure in the 2011 censuses are applied to measures of activity limitation in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The results show that health expectancies at age 50 are substantially biased by an average of 0.3 years when the education distribution in the general population is ignored. For most countries, health expectancies are overestimated; yet remarkably, the measure underestimates health for many Central and Eastern European countries by up to 0.9 years. These findings highlight the need to adjust for distortion in health expectancies, especially when the measure serves as a base for health-related policy targets or policy changes.
Integrated model-driven development of self-adaptive user interfaces
Authors: Yigitbas Enes , Jovanovikj Ivan , Biermeier Kai , Sauer Stefan , Engels Gregor 
Published: January 2020

AbstractModern user interfaces (UIs) are increasingly expected to be plastic, in the sense that they retain a constant level of usability, even when subjected to context changes at runtime. Self-adaptive user interfaces (SAUIs) have been promoted as a solution for context variability due to their ability to automatically adapt to the context-of-use at runtime. The development of SAUIs is a challenging and complex task as additional aspects like context management and UI adaptation have to be covered. In classical model-driven UI development approaches, these aspects are not fully integrated and hence introduce additional complexity as they represent crosscutting concerns. In this paper, we present an integrated model-driven development approach where a classical model-driven development of UIs is coupled with a model-driven development of context-of-use and UI adaptation rules. We base our approach on the core UI modeling language IFML and introduce new modeling languages for context-of-use (ContextML) and UI adaptation rules (AdaptML). The generated UI code, based on the IFML model, is coupled with the context and adaptation services, generated from the ContextML and AdaptML model, respectively. The integration of the generated artifacts, namely UI code, context, and adaptation services in an overall rule-based execution environment, enables runtime UI adaptation. The benefit of our approach is demonstrated by two case studies, showing the development of SAUIs for different application scenarios and a usability study which has been conducted to analyze end-user satisfaction of SAUIs.
An integrated microfluidic chip for generation and transfer of reactive species using gas plasma
Authors: Ogunyinka Oladayo , Wright Alexander , Bolognesi Guido , Iza Felipe , Bandulasena Himiyage Chaminda Hemaka 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReactive species produced by atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) are useful in many applications including disinfection, pretreatment, catalysis, detection and chemical synthesis. Most highly reactive species produced by plasma, such as ·OH, 1O2 and $$ {\text{O}}_{2}^{ \cdot - } $$O2·-, are short-lived; therefore, in situ generation is essential to transfer plasma products to the liquid phase efficiently. A novel microfluidic device that generates a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at the gas–liquid interface and disperses the reactive species generated using microbubbles of ca. 200 µm in diameter has been developed and tested. As the bubble size affects the mass transfer performance of the device, the effect of operating parameters and plasma discharge on generated bubbles size has been studied. The mass transfer performance of the device was evaluated by transferring the reactive species generated to an aqueous solution containing dye and measuring percentage degradation of the dye. Monodisperse microbubbles (polydispersity index between 2 and 7%) were generated under all examined conditions, but for gas flow rate exceeding a critical value, a secondary break-up event occurred after bubble formation leading to multiple monodisperse bubble populations. The generated microbubble size increased by up to ~ 8% when the device was operated with the gas plasma in the dispersed phase compared to the case without the plasma due to thermal expansion of the feed gas. At the optimal operating conditions, initial dye concentration was reduced by ~ 60% in a single pass with a residence time of 5–10 s. This microfluidic chip has the potential to play a significant role in lab-on-a-chip devices where highly reactive species are essential for the process.
Analysis of urban land cover influence to organic carbon and nutrients in surface water via impacted groundwater
Authors: Puczko Katarzyna , Jekatierynczuk-Rudczyk Elżbieta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an object-oriented approach for analysing and characterising the urban landscape structure and its influence on the quality of surface waters and shallow groundwater. We investigated springs, streams and ponds from an urban area. The land cover classification was adopted with the conceptual framework of urban land cover (HERCULES model). This study has demonstrated that water quality in the urban area is strongly related to land cover, and the degree of its transformation is not the same in all types of waters. The land with forests and shrubs does not have many extreme values in water chemical characteristics. Statistical analyses indicated that the main environmental factors influencing water chemistry are impermeable surfaces such as buildings. They are an essential element which deteriorates water quality. The patches with buildings and pavements were characterised by a wide gradient of nutrient concentration in rivers and ponds. Shallow groundwater had a limited effect on surface water quality.
Why is it hard to solve environmental problems? The perils of institutional reductionism and institutional overload
Authors: Young Oran R. , Stokke Olav Schram 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany efforts to solve environmental problems arising at the international or transnational level meet with limited success or even end in outright failure. But some efforts of this sort succeed. We construct an analytical model of such efforts leading to the conclusion that an ability to steer a course that avoids the twin perils of institutional reductionism and institutional overload is necessary to achieve success in this realm. We examine a range of risk factors or conditions likely to push processes of regime formation and implementation into one or the other of these pitfalls. We then analyze response strategies or procedures that negotiators and administrators can adopt to steer a course between the two perils, taking into account distinctive features of specific problems. We turn to marine issues to illustrate our reasoning. But the argument is applicable to the entire range of efforts to create and implement international environmental regimes.