bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of subcutaneous administration of alfaxalone-midazolam and ketamine-midazolam as sedation protocols in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)
Authors: Hawkins Shawna J. , Doss Grayson A. , Mans Christoph 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate SC administration of 2 sedation protocols, ketamine-midazolam (KM) and alfaxalone-midazolam (AM), in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris).

ANIMALS
9 healthy adult hedgehogs (5 males, 4 females).

PROCEDURES
A randomized, blinded, complete crossover study was performed. Sedation was induced by SC administration of either ketamine (30 mg/kg [14 mg/lb]) with midazolam (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]) or alfaxalone (3 mg/kg [1.4 mg/lb]) with midazolam (1 mg/kg), including a 2-week washout period between treatments. Flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg [0.02 mg/lb], SC) was administered 45 minutes after administration of either protocol to reverse the effects of midazolam. Physiologic variables, reflexes, and behaviors were monitored. Food intake and body weight were measured before and after sedation.

RESULTS
Deep sedation characterized by complete loss of the righting reflex, decreased jaw tone, decreased pelvic limb withdrawal reflex, and preservation of the palpebral reflex was produced in 7 of 9 hedgehogs after KM administration and all 9 hedgehogs after AM administration. Mean ± SD time to loss of righting reflex was 6.4 ± 2.4 minutes after KM administration and 10 ± 4.0 minutes after AM administration. Following flumazenil administration, no significant difference was found in recovery time between sedation with KM (18.8 ± 12.7 minutes) and AM (14.4 ± 7.8 minutes). No significant differences were found in respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, or body temperature between protocols, whereas heart rate was higher for sedation with KM. Both sedation protocols resulted in a transient reduction in food intake.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Subcutaneous administration of KM and AM provided deep sedation that might be useful to facilitate routine, noninvasive procedures in hedgehogs.
Fabrication of Multifunctional Nano Gelatin/Zinc Oxide Composite Fibers
Authors: Zare Hamed , Nayebzadeh Shahnaz , Davodiroknabadi Abolfazl , Hataminasab Sayyed Hasan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
According to health studies, reinforcing gelatin is necessary in order to obtain the multifunctional material. In this study, nano zinc oxide (ZnO; at concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) was doped with gelatin and the solution was electrospun under specific conditions to obtain multifunctional gelatin/ZnO nanofibers. The morphology of the nanofibers was studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) analysis indicated the presence of nano Zn on the surface of gelatin fibers. On the contrary, elemental mapping analysis proved the distribution of nano material along the nano gelatin fibers. The results show that the produced nano gelatin/ZnO composite increases the ultraviolet (UV) blocking of fabric significantly. It is also observed that electrospun gelatin/ZnO nanofibers have excellent bactericidal property against both Bacillus cereus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria.
Evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome in adolescents and children
Authors: Jia Rui-Min , Yan Xiao-Ning , Sun Jing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MS) in adolescents and children can cause serious consequences that lead researchers to pay efforts to study in such area. Presently, MS definition is still not standardized. Different versions of MS definition have been used by numerous studies, which may be a problem to identify MS and then to predict and prevent clinical diseases. The pediatric literature shows that insulin resistance and obesity might be the key underlying pathophysiology of MS to cause many related diseases. High prevalence of MS is in overweight and obese children and adolescents. This article focuses on such above issues and also effects of MS on two main disease outcomes: cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
Identifying Syrian refugees in Turkish microdata
Authors: Pinedo-Caro Luis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article proposes a strategy to identify Syrian refugees in Turkey’s Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS). Even though Turkey’s HLFS contains information on the migrants’ year of arrival to Turkey, it does not provide details on their nationalities. This unfortunate feature mixes Syrian refugees with the standard flow of migration who arrived to Turkey during the Syrian war. I propose to eliminate the standard flow of migrants arrived between 2011 and 2017 by matching them (based on their characteristics) with the migrants arrived in the 2004–2010 period. This method obtains, indirectly, nonstandard migration, i.e., Syrian refugees. The results show that the age distribution of the nonstandard migrants identified matches the age distribution of Syrian refugees as officially released by the Turkish government. At last, I propose a post-stratification adjustment of the survey weights to find the actual geographical distribution of Syrian refugees in Turkey.
Advances in the diagnosis of GERD
Authors: Săraru Elena-Roxana , Enciu Vlad , Peagu Razvan , Fierbinţeanu-Braticevici Carmen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is considered one of the most frequent chronic gastrointestinal diseases globally with high costs due to treatment and investigations.
First line therapy is with proton pump inhibitors, those who do not respond to initial treatment usually require further investigations such as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or ambulatory 24-hours esophageal pH monitoring. The total time of exposure to acid and the DeMeester score represent the most useful parameters associated with conventional pH-metry, because they can identify gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Although pH-metry is considered the gold standard for the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux disease, new impedance-based parameters have been introduced in recent years with the role of increasing the accuracy of diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease and characterizing the type of reflux. The development of multichannel intraluminal pH-impedance has improved the ability to detect and quantify gastroesophageal reflux. New parameters such as post-reflux swallowing peristaltic wave (PSPW) index and the mean nocturnal basal impedance (MNBI) have recently been introduced to assess GERD phenotypes more accurately. This review evaluates current GERD diagnotic tools while also taking a brief look at newer diagnostic parameters like PSPW and MNBI.
Is improvement of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis a proper effect of biologics?
Authors: Ines Mahmoud , Aicha Ben Tekaya , Leila Rouached , Ali Mrabet , Thouraya Guerman , Rawdha Tekaya , Olfa Saidane , Leila Abdelmoula 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background. The objective of our present study is to assess the relation between persistent fatigue and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity and its functional impact and to determine if the positive effect of biologics on fatigue is due to good disease response or to a different pathway.

Methods. A study cohort of patients with established RA was conducted. We included patients who had been prescried a biologic after at least failure of one conventional synthetic Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug synthetic (csDMARDs). At baseline, patients had a moderately to highly active disease. Demographic characteristics, disease activity and functional impact were assessed by disease activity score (DAS28CRP) and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) scores. Fatigue was evaluated by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue scale questionnaire (FACIT-F). Patients were examined before initiating biotherapy, then after three months and six months.

Results. Thirty women with RA, with a mean age of 52.5 years, were included. At baseline, 57% received anti-TNFα: Etanercept (n = 9), Adalimumab (n = 6), Infliximab (n = 2) and 43% received Rituximab. Good Eular response was obtained in 80% of patients at the third month and 97% of patients at the sixth month. In the analytic study, a significant amelioration after 3 months of biotherapy was found in both disease response (DAS28CRP) and fatigue (FACIT-F), respectively (p = 0.01, p<0.001 and p<0.001). The disease activity decreased significantly also after sixth month (p = 0.01, p<0.001 and p = 0.012). In the linear multivariate analysis, the regression of visual analogic pain (VAS pain) was the only predictors of the improvement of fatigue.

Conclusion. Biologics contribute to improve fatigue in patients with established RA and this effect seems to be independent from the clinical efficacy of this treatment.
Clinical Characteristics of Rotavirus-Induced Gastroenteritis in Infants
Authors: Lugonja Sofija , Zivic Jelena , Zdravkovic Natasa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute infectious diarrhea in infants and young children up to the age of five. The disease is characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting and fever. The major complications of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) are dehydration, middle ear inflammation and upper respiratory tract infection. The basis of treatment is compensation for fluid loss and administration of probiotics. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants. The study was conducted by the type of retrospective-prospective clinical study on infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis diagnosed on the basis of a positive Rotalex test (Orion Diagnostica Finland) and exclusion of other etiological factors at the University Children's Clinic in Belgrade, from April 2005 to December 2010. In addition to the detailed medical history and clinical examination, relevant laboratory analyzes were performed in all patients. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods were applied in the study. Among the descriptive methods, we used grouping, tabulation, graphing, calculating measures of central tendency, calculating measures of variability and calculating relative numbers. Of the analytical statistical methods, distribution normality testing, χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test and T test were used. Statistical significance will be taken to mean p < 0.05. The average infant mortality was 6.7 ± 3.7 months. All respondents were divided into two groups according to the age. The first group consisted of infants aged 0 to 5 months (46%), the second group consisted of infants aged 6 to 12 months (54%). The incidence of aqueous diarrhea (100%), vomiting (84%) and fever (74%) in infants suffering from rotavirus gastroenteritis was analyzed. The significance of the age on the symptomatology of rotavirus gastroenteritis as well as on the importance of using probiotics has been demonstrated.
EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP: THE AUDIENCE CREATES THE TEXT
Authors: Samuel Michael 
Published: October 2020

Alternative conceptions of educational leadership that challenge the performativity culture do notÂ appear substantively to alter the trajectory of practitionerâ€™s everyday choices. This article uses as dataÂ the responses from three different audiences to a presentation on such alternative conceptions. TheÂ three groups were academics attending an educational leadership conference, circuit managersÂ as part of a post-project workshop, and a group of aspirant school rectors in a training diplomaÂ programme. The first two groups were South African and the third a Mauritian audience. TheÂ audience responses show how they subverted, re-interpreted and jettisoned the message of theÂ presentation. Three vignettes constitute the analysis of the audiencesâ€™ foregrounding of the livedÂ complexities of making alternative leadership choices. The article suggests we need to be awareÂ of how and why practitioners will choose or not to become alternative proponents of the dominantÂ discourses around â€˜educational qualityâ€™.
DAMPAK SOSIAL SISTEM FULL DAY SCHOOL BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Mertika Mertika , Frahasini Frahasini 
Published: October 2020

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis dampak sosial <em>system one day school</em> bagi siswa sekolah dasar. Artikel ini merupakan hasil analisis berdasarkan literatur yang berkaitan dengan topik pembahasan. Model yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka atau <em>literature review</em>. Hasil penelaahan menunjukkan bahwa adanya dampak positif dan negatif dari diterapkannya system full day school bagi siswa sekolah dasar.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Gestão dos custos em uma propriedade leiteira familiar do sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Bassotto Leandro Carvalho , Machado Luiz Kennedy Cruz 
Published: October 2020

A gestão dos custos é fundamental para contribuir com o bom gerenciamento da atividade leiteira e pode contribuir para que melhores resultados econômicos para propriedades leiteiras familiares sejam alcançados. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os custos de produção de uma propriedade familiar produtora de leite e verificar a contribuição da pecuária leiteira para o desenvolvimento econômico para produtores familiares. Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva, configurada como estudo de caso em uma propriedade leiteira situada no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais para analisar questões relacionadas aos custos de produção e resultados econômicos da atividade com dados coletados entre os anos de 2010 e 2017. A produção de leite da propriedade esteve a maior parte dos anos abaixo do ponto de equilíbrio. As receitas da atividade não foram capazes de remunerar o custo operacional total (COT) e o custo total (CT) na maioria dos anos analisados. Contudo, os resultados sugerem que a gestão dos custos da propriedade analisada está se desenvolvendo, pois os resultados econômicos dos últimos anos foram melhores que aqueles obtidos nos primeiros anos da pesquisa. A pecuária leiteira se mostrou como uma importante fonte geradora de riqueza e renda para produtores de leite familiares.
Palavras-chave: Custos econômicos. Custos de produção. Custos operacionais.

Management of costs in a family milk property of south of Minas Gerais
Abstract
Cost management is fundamental to contribute to the good management of dairy farming and can contribute to achieving better economic results for family dairy farms. This study aimed to analyze the production costs of a family farm producing milk and to verify the contribution of dairy farming to the economic development for family farmers. A quantitative and descriptive research was carried out, configured as a case study in a dairy property located in the south of the State of Minas Gerais to analyze issues related to production costs and economic results of the activity with data collected between the years 2010 and 2017. A Most of the years' milk production has been below break-even point. The activity's revenues were not able to remunerate the total operational cost (COT) and the total cost (CT) in most of the years analyzed. However, the results suggest that the management of the costs of the analyzed property is developing, since the economic results of the last years were better than those obtained in the first years of the research. Dairy farming proved to be an important source of wealth and income for family milk producers.
Keywords: Economic costs. Production costs. Operational costs.
PHYSICAL CIVIC ISSUES TRACKING UTILITY
Authors: Dias G.K.A. , Wakista G. W. 
Published: October 2020

Sri Lanka’s economy is in a critical juncture and it is now in a stage transition to middle income economy. Still there are so many infrastructure facilities that have to be developed not only in villages but also in cities.
Due to the lack of infrastructure facilities there are so many physical civic issues still prevail in the society. Most importantly people don’t have a proper mechanism to report these physical civic issues to the relevant authorities to get those issues fixed as the mechanism which is prevailing is outdated. Therefore there should be a proper mechanism to report the civic issues in a city or a village and monitor the solution process after directing the issue to the relevant authority. It makes the lives of the citizens much comfortable and happier. This proposed system will be a novel solution for the outdated reporting methods. A survey was done to gather the requirements for the system. This proposed solution will encourage the citizens to perform their civic duty in a more responsible manner. When the system is implemented the members of the local government can’t wait as unseen. They have to take actions for the reported issues as the entire country is in touch about the issues.
Aprendizagem baseada em projetos e difusão de inovações: um estudo com alunos do ensino médio
Authors: Giordano Cassio Cristiano , Santos Douglas Borreio Maciel dos , Santos Eliana Calixto , Guimarães Jailma Ferreira 
Published: October 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa envolvendo três turmas de alunos do Ensino Médio de uma escola estadual paulista, sobre o desenvolvimento de um projeto interdisciplinar de Matemática e Língua Portuguesa, analisado à luz do quadro teórico da Teoria da Difusão de Inovações. Pretendemos discutir as possíveis contribuições de uma abordagem por meio de projetos de temas curriculares aparentemente distantes, como funções trigonométricas e a estética literária do Romantismo, destacando a utilização do aplicativo para smartphones GeoGebra. Neste caso, a ponte entre essas duas disciplinas foi estabelecida por meio da música. A mediação tecnológica se deu por meio do acesso a músicas, vídeos, poemas e, sobretudo, pela exploração dos recursos algébricos e geométricos do GeoGebra. Consideramos, ao final do projeto, a experiência positiva, tanto nos aspectos atitudinais, como mobilização do interesse e motivação dos alunos, quanto nos aspectos cognitivos, expressos pela qualidade dos produtos finais dos trabalhos apresentados.
Secondary angle closure glaucoma due to posterior scleritis in a case of empty sella syndrome
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: We frequently come upon cases of posterior scleritis with secondary angle closure glaucoma. However, it can pose a diagnostic dilemma in a patient with bilateral disc edema along with unilateral angle closure glaucoma due to posterior scleritis.
Case: We report a case of a 25 - year old male, who presented with the complaints of pain, redness and blurring of vision in the left eye for the last 3 days. On ocular examination, unaided visual acuity of the right eye was 6/6 and the best corrected in the left eye was 6/9 with - 6.25 D sphere. Apart from conjunctival congestion and shallow anterior chamber in the left eye, rest of the anterior segment evaluation in both the eyes were normal. On fundus evaluation, there was presence of disc edema in both the eyes. Intraocular pressure was 20 and 32 mm of Hg in the right and left eye respectively. Gonioscopy revealed open angles in the right eye and no visible angle structures in the left eye. B-Scan of the left eye showed a typical “T” sign suggestive of posterior scleritis. MRI brain revealed empty sella turcica.
Conclusion: Empty sella turcica has been reported to present with the bilateral disc edema which, when accompanied with other entities such as Posterior scleritis can be misleading and the diagnosis can pose to be a challenge.
Evaluation of the Effect of Intravitreal Bevacizumab (Avastin) in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Mahat Pawan , Joshi Purushottam , Pradhan Eli , Subedi Prabha 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of visual impairment in patients with diabetes mellitus. The objectives of the study was to figure out the effect of intravitreal injection bevacizumab on visual acuity and retinal thickness in people with DME.
Materials and methods: We observed the case records of patients with DME requiring injection Avastin (Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) intravitreal from January to July 2016 in Mechi Eye Hospital. The eighty seven eyes of 60 patients with DME were included in the study. Inclusion criteria were determined independently of the age, metabolic control, type of diabetes mellitus, visual acuity, leakage area size,retinal thickness as measured by optical coherence tomography. All the patients were treated with 0.05 ml injection containing 1.25 mg of Avastin (Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) after written informed consent.
Results: The mean age group was 55.86 ± 9.61 years with 47 males and 13 females. At baseline the median BCVA was 1.00 (0.60-1.30) which improved to 0.78 (0.48- 1.00) at 6 weeks (p=0.001) which further improved to 0.78 (0.48-1.00) Log MAR (p value- 0.005) at 12 weeks and 0.60 (0.43- 1.00) Log MAR at 18 weeks (p value= 0.006). Baseline mean central macular thickness (CMT) on OCT was 436.24 ± 142.2μm which decreased to 387.74±130.98μm at 6 weeks, 346.82 ±116.79 μm at 12 weeks and 307.1 ±105.49μm. Changes in VA and decrease in central subfield macular thickness during follow up visit was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, intravitreal injection Avastin resulted in improvement in VA and decrease in retinal thickness in patients with DME.
Kontekst kulturowy a program edukacji językowo‑komunikacyjnej w L1. Głos w dyskusji
Authors: Nocoń Jolanta 
Published: October 2020

The article’s theme concerns challenges encountered in the 21st century in the course of language communicative education within the scope of Polish as a native language. The author expresses conviction that socialisation process does not substitute for education, and therefore one of the paramount purposes/aims of language education within the scope of native language is to cater to the language-communicative needs of students stemming from cultural transformation taking place in the contemporary world. New tasks that a Polish language teacher needs to face are developing the so-called new communicative competency which facilitates communicative acts in media-dominated world of today, including digital media. The said tasks also involve counteracting the lowering of verbal communication standards, particularly the cases of verbal aggression and primitive vocabulary.
O zadawaniu pytań na lekcji języka polskiego. Studium przypadku
Authors: Tabisz Anna 
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of questions asked during a single Polish language lesson. It consists of two main parts. The first presents and comments on the results of the teacher’s questions analysis, the second ‒ questions asked by students. The concept of Bogusław Skowronek was used, who distinguished four types of questions in his classification: 1) reassuring-instrumental; 2) substantive; 3) about the meta-didactic function; 4) not related to the classroom situation. The first two categories were specified in more detail by Elizabeth Perrott’s proposition, which distinguishes between guiding questions and questions for clarification among reassuring-instrumental questions, while she divides substantive questions according to the type of thought process launched during the answer and indicates lower-order and higher-order questions. The text ends with a summary containing not very optimistic conclusions.