bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Investors Warned by Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest? The Moderating Effect of Investment Horizon
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Huang Zhongwei , Jiang Like , Messier William F. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Financial analysts are required to disclose conflicts of interest (COI) in their research reports, but there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of COI disclosures. We investigate whether the influence of disclosing COI in analyst reports on investors' decision making depends on investment horizon. Experimental results show that short-term investors who view a COI disclosure are significantly less willing to invest in the recommended stock compared to short-term investors who do not view such a disclosure, while the presence of a COI disclosure does not significantly affect long-term investors' willingness to invest. Results further demonstrate that the COI disclosure decreases short-term investors' willingness to invest by reducing their perception of analysts' trustworthiness and expertness. This study provides evidence on when and how the COI disclosure can influence investors' behavior and enhances our understanding of investors' reactions to cautionary disclaimers.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
When the Boss Comes to Town: The Effects of Headquarters' Visits on Facility-Level Misconduct
Authors: Heese Jonas , Pérez-Cavazos Gerardo 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We study the effects of visits by headquarters' managers on facility-level misconduct. These visits are central to monitoring, but are difficult to observe for a large sample of firms. We use the staggered introduction of airline routes to identify exogenous reductions in travel time between headquarters and facilities as our measure of visits and test whether the reductions affect misconduct. We find that for the at-risk sample, travel-time reductions decrease the number of violations by 2 percent and penalties by 23.4 percent, suggesting that management focuses on reducing costlier violations, as opposed to simply reducing the number of violations. These effects are concentrated in firms with weaker control systems, suggesting that strong controls can act as substitutes for visits. Furthermore, the introduction of broadband internet attenuates, but does not eliminate the effect of reductions on misconduct. Finally, we find that reductions result in greater misconduct when firms are subject to performance pressure.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M46.
Analysis of reliability of design of stop valve of steam turbin
Authors: Goloshumova V. N. , Brodov Yu. M. 
Published: November 2019

The stop valve is one of the «critical» elements of the steam turbine installation, the heating conditions of which determine the reliability of the power unit as a whole. The stop valve for cogeneration steam turbines of subcritical parameters of "UTZ" is unified for familiesT-110/120-130, T-185/210-130/15, ПT-140/165-30/15, P-100-130/15. The sequence of analysis of the valve design is presented for conditions, where only the static temperature and steam pressure at the inlet to the valve, the steam flow rate at the outlet of it, the restrictions for movement during heating are known. The results of the analysis of calculations of unsteady gas-thermodynamic and stress-strain state of the valve during the heating of the main steam line of the turbine T-110/120-130 from the cold state according to the standard instructions are shown. The calculations were carried out by the finite element method using a three-dimensional geometric model of the valve body with a slit filter. The height of the holes in the slit filter is 3.5 mm. The equations of the Nusselt criterion for the flange, the steam box, the lower half of the steam box and the fairing when using computers with limited computing resources are presented. It is shown that the peak of the maximum stresses occurs at the initial stage of the stop valve warming up on the inner (heated) surface of the stop valve body in the area of the flange and the cover. The maximum equivalent stresses are 300 MPa. The comparison of calculated temperatures and temperatures measured during the start-up at the CHP is presented; the temperature difference does not exceed 5–6%. It is proposed to analyze the stop valve reliability with a sequence given in this article in the design of new stop valves with significant differences from the existing prototypes.
Gender Differences in Quality of Life and Physical Activity of High School Students
Authors: Broďáni Jaroslav , Kováčová Natália , Czaková Monika 
Published: November 2019

Summary
This article demonstrates the gender differences between the physical activity (PA), the joy of physical activity (PACES) and quality of life areas of boys and girls from high schools with different sports level and in the different ages. In this survey participated 630 boys and 672 girls from high schools in the age from 16 to 19 years. The quality of life is measured by the SQUALA survey, joy of the movement by the PACES survey, and the level of physical activity per week in hours by PAQ survey. The level of sports performance is defined by levels (occasional, active and registered sportsman). The data are presented by descriptive characteristics (n, M, SD) and the significance of differences and the relations are measure by non-parametric methods (W, rs). Differences in the PA, PACES, SQUALA levels at the group of boys and girls in the different age and sports level are rare. Different load of physical activity relates to sport level. It was not proven that with the increasing sports level, the joy of the physical activity also rises. The interactions between indicators of PA, PACES, and SQUALA in boys and girls in the different age and sports level were proven sporadically with a predominance of negative correlations. In most cases, the positive interactions of PA with PACES and areas of physical well-being was not proven. The higher appearance of positive correlations of PA with areas of SQUALA prevails in 18-years old girls. Boys show the higher number of interactions of PACES with areas of SQUALA. The joy of the movement positively correlates with spiritual well-being in groups of 18-19 years old boys, which perform physical activities in all sports levels. The gender differences between monitored indicators show that the gender factor is very important in this study. The age and sport level factor contributed significantly in the differentiated results of high school boys and girls.
Spinal Mobility in Women with Sedentary Job
Authors: Lenková Rút , Vasilišinová Veronika 
Published: November 2019

Summary
The aim of the paper is to provide insight into the spine mobility of a selected group of women. The task was to diagnose and evaluate spinal mobility in women aged 25 to 30, who are dominated by a sedentary way in workplace but also outside the work environment. Spinalmouse® technology was used for diagnostic purposes, which records the shape and mobility of the spine in the sagittal and frontal plane. Tests were performed in the sagittal and frontal plane of the baseline. The sm® software evaluated the measured data immediately. Based on the results of the measurements, we found different curves in specific spine sectors outside the standards. Changes in spine movement range were also noted. The research continues.
The Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Changes of Blood Concentration Components in Algerian National Judo Athletes
Authors: Adel Belkadi , Abdelkader Benchehida , Alia Cherara , Othman Benbernou , Mohamed Sebbane , Houcin Asli 
Published: November 2019

Summary
The aim of the present study to verify the impact of judo competition on changes in the blood count of judo athletes during an official competition. Also to compare these results with the different weight category. Methods: fifteen youth trained athletes were included in the study were divided into three groups according to weight category (light, medial, and heavy) weight. All subjects performed a 5×4mn round of competition with 15mn of rest between rounds and Complete Blood Count (CBC) were collected before, immediately after the competition, Data are reported as mean and standard deviation. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to verify the normality of the data, and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. Blood sample count was tested by a paired Student’s t-test to compare the pre-test and post-test for the three groups. The results showed that blood cell count was significantly decreased immediately after judo competition (p < 0.05). However, red blood cell, White blood cell Blood platelets, Mean Cell Volume were significantly increased after the performance (p < 0.05). The current study showed that the judo competition (Rondori) effectively enhance some blood cell count; these changes are transient and probably due to the adaptation to efforts related to judo competition in highly-trained athletes.
Gender Differences in Subjective Well-Being of Healthy High-School Students
Authors: Nemček Dagmar , Kurková Petra , Wittmannová Julie 
Published: November 2019

Summary
The objective of this study was to analyse the level of subjective well-being (SWB) through five SWB dimensions and compare it between healthy male and healthy female high school students preferring sedentary leisure time activities. The research sample comprised of 90 male high school students (mean age 16.72 ± 1.33) and 126 female high school students (mean age 16.71 ± 1.36) who preferred sedentary types of leisure time activities with self-reported good health status. A standardized The Bern Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire for Adolescents (BFW) was used as a primary research method. We found significantly higher level of positive SWB dimension (U = 4281, p = 0.002, r = 172) and significantly lower level of negative SWB dimension (U = 2835, p = 0.000, r = 424) in the group of male high school students with self-reported good health status in comparison to female high school students. Parents should be involved in the selection of their children's leisure time activities, so it should not have only the sedentary character but also sport leisure time activities, mainly among young girls.
Swimming Performance to 25 Meters Backstroke Depends on Selected Factors of Explosive Strength of Lower Limbs
Authors: Kováčová Natália , Broďáni Jaroslav 
Published: November 2019

Summary
The aim of our work was to analyze the partial shares of selected factors of explosive strength of lower limbs on the overall explanation of swimming performance to the 25 meters backstroke. 29 students of Physical Education took part in our research and completed 6 tests. These tests were realized on a dry-land and in the water and they consisted of swimming performance to 25 meters backstroke, swimming start speed to 4 meters, vertical jump with and without arm-swing, maximum and average velocity of take-off performance on dry land under the backstroke start conditions. The obtained data are described by descriptive statistics and all parameters were entered to the correlation analysis for their dependence evaluation. By the analysis, we found that all tests significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.01; p < 0.05) except for the start to 4 meters test and Tendo velocity average test. For the evaluation of factors that determine the swimming performance to 25 meters backstroke, we use the regression analysis of parameters where the regression model was reflected as statistically significant (R2 = 0.479 %; SEE = 3.396 %). Partial shares of individual tests, except for tests of maximal and average velocity on a dryland, showed up as statistically significant (p < 0.05; p < 0.01), with the highest share of swimming start to 4 meters performance (p < 0.01; r = 0.686). We used the regression step analysis in which we decrease the indicators to the three main factors of the strength of lower limbs model, which influence the swimming performance to the 25 meters backstroke significantly with large effect (R2 = 0.4787 %; f2 = 0.9183; F = 7.652; p < 0.01). Again, the highest and statistically significant (p < 0.01) share on the explanation of swimming performance had the start to 4 meters with 43.33 % percentage share. Besides the swimming start, the Countermovement Jump test was statistically significant too (p < 0.05) and statistically insignificant was test of maximum velocity on a dry-land. By this study we can evaluate how individual factors of strength of lower limbs influence the swimming performance and for the future it is necessary to complete them with the other factors for the better creation of the appropriate swimming training program.
Histology and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor immunoreaction of the neurons in the corpora quadrigemina of the African grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus – Temminck, 1827)
Authors: Ibe Chikera Samuel , Salami Suleiman Olawoye , Ikpegbu Ekele , Adam Mohammed 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The African grasscutter is the second largest rodent in Africa, thus, a key component of the minilivestock industry. The study described the histological features and probed the distribution of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the corpora quadrigemina of the African grasscutter at foetal and postnatal developmental periods. Brain samples from foetuses explanted on foetal days 60 (F60) and 90 (F90) and extracted from 3 and 6-days-old pups (P3 and P6, respectively), 72-days-old juveniles (P72) and 450-days-old adults (P450) were used. They were prepared for histology and immunohistochemistry. Three laminae were distinct in the rostral colliculi at the foetal and postnatal periods; an outermost stratum zonale, middle stratum griseum superficiale and an inner stratum griseum profundum. Stratum griseum intermediale and stratum medullarium were not distinct. On F60 and F90, the stratum zonale was made of immature neurons, devoid of neurites; the central nucleus of the caudal colliculus was also made of immature migrating neurons. On P3, the neurons were already mature. The stratum zonale was made of medium-sized neuronal cells and thick processes. The thickness of this layer decreased with age. On P3, the caudal colliculus was made of all the components typical of a developed caudal colliculus. There was no BDNF immunoreactive cell in the stratum zonale at any postnatal period; a moderate BDNF-immunoreactivity in the stratum griseum superficiale on P3, a mild immunoreactivity on P6, none reactivity on P72 and mild on P450. The dorsal and lateral cortices of the caudal colliculus were none reactive to BDNF at any postnatal period. The results suggest a better auditory than visual capacity in the rodent.
Effect of creatine ethyl ester supplementation and resistance training on hormonal changes, body composition and muscle strength in underweight non-athlete men
Authors: Arazi Hamid , Eghbali Ehsan , Karimifard Mahmood 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Study aim: The aim of this study to determine whether creatine ethyl ester (CEE) supplementation combined with resistance training (RT) is effective for improving hormonal changes, body composition and muscle strength in underweight non-athlete men.

Materials and methods: Sixteen underweight non-athlete men participated in this double-blind study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: RT with placebo (RT + PL, n = 8) and RT with CEE supplementation (RT + CEE, n = 8). The participants performed 6 weeks of RT (60–80% 1RM) combined with CEE or PL. 48 hours before and after the training period, muscle strength (1RM for leg press and bench press), body composition (percentage of body fat, circumference measurements of the arm and thigh), serum levels of testosterone, cortisol, and growth hormone (GH) of the participant were measurements.

Results: Significant increases were observed for weight, muscle strength and muscle mass, serum levels of testosterone and GH between pre and post-test in the RT + CEE group (p < 0.05). In addition, cortisol level was significantly decreased in the post-test in the RT+CEE group. The decrease in fat percent was greater in the RT + PL group than in the RT + CEE group (%change = –6.78 vs. –0.76, respectively). Weight and leg strength changes in the RT + CEE group were significant compared to the RT + PL group (p < 0.001, p = 0.05, p = 0.001; respectively). However, in other variables, despite the increase of GH and testosterone levels and lower levels of cortisol in the RT + CEE group, no significant differences were observed between the two groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: It seems that the consumption of CEE combined with RT can have significant effects on body weight and leg strength in underweight non-athlete men. This supplement may provide a potential nutritional intervention to promote body weight in underweight men.
Employing Robots
Authors: Mildenberger Carl David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, I am concerned with what automation—widely considered to be the “future of work”—holds for the artificially intelligent agents we aim to employ. My guiding question is whether it is normatively problematic to employ artificially intelligent agents like, for example, autonomous robots as workers. The answer I propose is the following. There is nothing inherently normatively problematic about employing autonomous robots as workers. Still, we must not put them to perform just any work, if we want to avoid blame. This might not sound like much of a limitation. Interestingly, however, we can argue for this claim based on metaphysically and normatively parsimonious grounds. Namely, all I rely on when arguing for my claim is that the robots we aim to employ exhibit a kind of autonomy.
Labor Costs and Localization in Global Value Chains: Comparative Analysis and Conclusions for Poland
Authors: Kapela Magdalena 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Labor costs in Poland are relatively low in comparison to other European Union (EU) countries. After long period of functioning Poland in closed economy, conditions significantly weakened the level of its competitiveness in the international market. When the boards were opened in 1989, it became clear that cheap work force was one of the most important factors to attract foreign investments. At the same time, globalization and internationalization of production created opportunity for entrepreneurs to establish global value chains. Participation in global value chain (GVC) of Poland can extend international trade and increase gross domestic product (GDP). On the other hand, low wages attract investments in low-technology industries and, moreover, place Poland in the middle of value chains, where semi-products are assembled and new value added is exiguous. The aim of the article is: 1) to present polish participation in global value chain, 2) to analyze how much low labor costs contribute to degree of share in global value chain, and 3) to show how level of labor costs contribute to position in value chain and how does it influence on benefits from participating in GVC. In the article, the quantitative and qualitative assessment of Eurostat (European statistic) and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) statistics data and research on labor costs carried out in Poland were analyzed. The research tools include a critical analysis of literature and descriptive analytical method. More than 50% of polish exports takes place within the global value chains. Low labor costs attract investors to allocate part of their production in Poland. Nevertheless, great part of export constitutes semi-products that do not create new value added so benefits from participation in GVC are not so considerable as expected. It is desirable to shift Poland toward beginning or the end of value chains, where profits are higher.
Measuring the Moment and the Magnitude of the Abrupt Change of the Gaussian Process Bandwidth
Authors: Chernoyarov Oleg , Marčokova Mariana , Salnikova Alexandra , Maksimov Maksim , Makarov Alexander 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The maximum likelihood algorithm is introduced for measuring the unknown moment of abrupt change and bandwidth jump of a fast-fluctuating Gaussian random process. This algorithm can be technically implemented much simpler than the ones obtained by means of common approaches. The technique for calculating the characteristics of the synthesized measurer is presented and the closed analytical expressions for the conditional biases and variances of the resulting estimates are found using the additive local Markov approximation of the decision statistics. By statistical simulation methods, it is confirmed that the presented measurer is operable, while the theoretical formulas describing its performance well approximate the corresponding experimental data in a wide range of the parameter values of the analyzed random process.
Complicated Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors is Associated with the Presence of a Second Mesiobuccal Canal in Permanent Maxillary First Molars
Authors: Papic Milos , Papic Mirjana , Vuletic Miona , Zdravkovic Dejan , Misic Aleksandra , Zivanovic Suzana 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Many studies have been conducted in order to define the root canal morphology based on age, gender, ethnic and racial characteristics of the population. However, relations within morphological variations of certain groups of teeth have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of mandibular lateral incisors and to determine the association between their morphologic characteristics and the presence of a second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars. Cone-beam computed tomography images from a pre-existing base were analyzed for the bilateral presence of both permanent mandibular lateral incisors and permanent maxillary first molars. Root canal morphology was analyzed according to the Vertucci classification. Associations of root canal morphologies between incisors and molars were calculated as probabilities using binary logistic regression analysis. In total, 126 mandibular lateral incisors and 126 maxillary first molars were included. 46% of all mandibular lateral incisors showed complicated root canal morphology and Vertucci type III canal configuration as the most frequent. Second mesiobuccal root canal was present in 62.7%. Root canal morphologies showed high level of bilateral symmetry in both tooth groups. The probability of a subject having complicated root canal morphology in lateral incisors was significantly higher when the second mesiobuccal canal was present. Clinicians should consider all available information on patients’ root canal morphology when planning new endodontic treatment. Root canal morphology of permanent mandibular lateral incisors showed high association with the root canal morphology of permanent maxillary first molars.