bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High nitrogen rates do not increase canola yield and may affect soil bacterial functioning
Authors: Becker Frederick , MacLaren Chloe , Brink Casparus Johannes , Jacobs Karin , le Roux Marcellous Remarque , Swanepoel Pieter Andreas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNitrogen fertilization has a fundamental role in agricultural productivity. However, injudicious N applications to crops are common. It is important to ensure the minimum N required for satisfactory crop growth is applied but that excess amounts are avoided due to potential impacts on agroecosystem functioning. Nitrogen at 0, 60, and 150 kg ha–1 was applied as limestone ammonium nitrate to plots arranged in a randomized complete block design, on three farms to determine the impact of rate and temporal distribution of fertilizer on canola (Brassica napus L.) production in South Africa, and the effect of N fertilizer application on the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities. The amount and distribution of N had only minor effects on canola growth (P < .05) and no effects on yield or harvest index. Splitting fertilizer into two or three applications throughout the season resulted in more mineral N available in the soil later in the season. Increasing the N rate from 60 to 150 kg ha–1 had a significant impact on bacterial community composition. The lower rate favored bacteria that are more able to break down N‐containing C sources. No effects of fertilizer amount or distribution were observed on either N fixation potential (number of nifH gene copies) or bacterial community diversity. Overall, a low rate of N fertilizer split into multiple applications is recommended for canola production, as higher rates do not increase yield and may have a detrimental impact on soil C and N cycling.
Secondary‐cell‐wall release: a particular pattern of secretion in the mucilaginous seed coat of Magonia pubescens
Authors: Souza Michely de Jesus , Mercadante‐Simões Maria Olívia , Ribeiro Leonardo Monteiro 
Published: January 2020

PremisePlant mucilages are composed of strongly hydrophilic polysaccharides and contribute to seed germination and seedling establishment. The myxospermic seeds of Magonia pubescens, a Cerrado (neotropical savanna) tree species, produces a voluminous mucilage capsule when hydrated. The development of the mucilaginous layer, the process of mucilage secretion and its role in seed germination was not previously studied so far.MethodsMorphological, anatomical, histochemical, and ultrastructural evaluations of the seed coat during seed development were undertaken. The formation of the mucilage capsule was followed using scanning electron microscopy, and the coat's effects on seed hydration and germination were evaluated after experimental manipulation of the seed coat.ResultsThe mucilaginous layer is contained in the outer coat of the seed. The mucilage‐secreting cells accumulate proteins in the outer periclinal region and acidic polysaccharides in the inner periclinal region of the periplasmic space. Neutral polysaccharides, which form the loosely organized secondary wall, form a folding, basket‐like structure surrounding the acidic polysaccharides. The protoplast collapses at maturity. With hydration, the mucilage expands, breaks the epidermal layer, and forms a mucilage capsule around the seed. The mucilaginous seed coat does not increase the germination rate.ConclusionsUpon mucilage hydration, the secondary cell walls forming the network of neutral polysaccharides are released, along with proteins, and help retain the acidic polysaccharides—forming a peculiar architecture that imparts integrity and consistency to the mucilage capsule. As winged seeds are not usually buried, the mucilage capsule favors seedling hydration, contributing to its establishment on the soil surface.
Life Course Adiposity and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhang Linjing , Tang Lu , Huang Tao , Fan Dongsheng 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveObservational studies have indicated that life course adiposity is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, whether such an association reflects causality remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether life course adiposity such as birth weight (BW), childhood body mass index (BMI), adult BMI, body fat percentage (BF%), and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) have causal effects on ALS.MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with life course adiposity were used as instrumental variables to estimate the causal effects on ALS. We used summary‐level data from a cohort of 20,806 cases and 59,804 controls in a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework.ResultsGenetically predicted one standard deviation (1‐SD) increase in BF% was associated with lower risk of ALS (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54–0.83, p = 3.25E–04) after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05/5). Genetically predicted 1‐SD higher childhood BMI was suggestively associated with lower risk of ALS (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78–0.99, p = 0.031). The weighted median method indicated a suggestive association between BMI and ALS (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.69–0.96, p = 0.016). Neither a genetically predicted 1‐SD increase in BW (inverse variance weighted [IVW]: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.87–1.17, p = 0.939) nor WHR adjusted for BMI (IVW: OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.76–1.05, p = 0.178) was associated with ALS.InterpretationOur findings provide novel evidence supporting a causal role of higher adiposity, taken as a whole, on lower risk of ALS. A deeper understanding of the energy metabolism of ALS is more likely to identify feasible nutritional interventions and even novel therapeutic targets that might improve the survival of ALS patients. Ann Neurol 2020;87:434–441
Visible‐Light Photochemical Reduction of CO2 to CO Coupled to Hydrocarbon Dehydrogenation
Authors: Yu Huijun , Haviv Eynat , Neumann Ronny 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch on the photochemical reduction of CO2, initiated already 40 years ago, has with few exceptions been performed by using amines as sacrificial reductants. Hydrocarbons are high‐volume chemicals whose dehydrogenation is of interest, so the coupling of a CO2 photoreduction to a hydrocarbon‐photodehydrogenation reaction seems a worthwhile concept to explore. A three‐component construct was prepared including graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) as a visible‐light photoactive semiconductor, a polyoxometalate (POM) that functions as an electron acceptor to improve hole–electron charge separation, and an electron donor to a rhenium‐based CO2 reduction catalyst. Upon photoactivation of g‐CN, a cascade is initiated by dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons coupled to the reduction of the polyoxometalate. Visible‐light photoexcitation of the reduced polyoxometalate enables electron transfer to the rhenium‐based catalyst active for the selective reduction of CO2 to CO. The construct was characterized by zeta potential, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). An experimental Z‐scheme diagram is presented based on electrochemical measurements and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The conceptual advance should promote study into more active systems.
Effective and Reversible Carbon Dioxide Insertion into Cerium Pyrazolates
Authors: Bayer Uwe , Werner Daniel , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe homoleptic pyrazolate complexes [CeIII4(Me2pz)12] and [CeIV(Me2pz)4]2 quantitatively insert CO2 to give [CeIII4(Me2pz⋅CO2)12] and [CeIV(Me2pz⋅CO2)4], respectively (Me2pz=3,5‐dimethylpyrazolato). This process is reversible for both complexes, as observed by in situ IR and NMR spectroscopy in solution and by TGA in the solid state. By adjusting the molar ratio, one molecule of CO2 per [CeIV(Me2pz)4] complex could be inserted to give trimetallic [Ce3(Me2pz)9(Me2pz⋅CO2)3(thf)]. Both the cerous and ceric insertion products catalyze the formation of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 under mild conditions. In the absence of epoxide, the ceric catalyst is prone to reduction by the co‐catalyst tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide (TBAB).
A Flexible Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery with Excellent Low‐Temperature Adaptability
Authors: Pei Zengxia , Yuan Ziwen , Wang Chaojun , Zhao Shenlong , Fei Jingyuan , Wei Li , Chen Junsheng , Wang Cheng , Qi Rongjie , Liu Zongwen , Chen Yuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFlexible zinc–air batteries (ZAB) are a promising battery candidate for emerging flexible electronic devices, but the catalysis‐based working principle and unique semi‐opened structure pose a severe challenge to their overall performance at cold temperature. Herein, we report the first flexible rechargeable ZAB with excellent low‐temperature adaptability, based on the innovation of an efficient electrocatalyst to offset the electrochemical performance shrinkage caused by decreased temperature and a highly conductive hydrogel with a polarized terminal group to render the anti‐freezing property. The fabricated ZABs show excellent electrochemical performances that outperform those of many aqueous ZABs at room temperature. They also deliver a high capacity of 691 mAh g−1 and an energy density of 798 Wh kg−1 at −20 °C (92.7 % and 87.2 % retention of the room temperature counterparts, respectively), together with excellent flexibility and reverting capability.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 1,4‐diarylazetidin‐2‐one derivatives (β‐lactams) as selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Arefi Hadi , Naderi Nima , Shemirani Amir B. Irani , Kiani Falavarjani Mina , Azami Movahed Mahsa , Zarghi Afshin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new series of 1,4‐diarylazetidin‐2‐one derivatives (β‐lactams) were designed and synthesized to evaluate their biological activities as selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors. In vitro COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition studies showed that all compounds were selective inhibitors of the COX‐2 isozyme with IC50 values in the 0.05–0.11 µM range, and COX‐2 selectivity indexes in the range of 170–703.7. Among the synthesized β‐lactams, 3‐methoxy‐4‐(4‐(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)‐1‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)azetidin‐2‐one (4j) possessing trimethoxy groups at the N‐1 phenyl ring exhibited the highest COX‐2 inhibitory selectivity and potency, even more potent than the reference drug celecoxib. The analgesic activity of the synthesized compounds was also determined using the formalin test. Compound 4f displayed the best analgesic activity among the synthesized molecules. Molecular modeling studies indicated that the methylsulfonyl pharmacophore group can be inserted into the secondary pocket of the COX‐2 active site for interactions with Arg513. The structure–activity data acquired indicate that the β‐lactam ring moiety constitutes a suitable scaffold to design new 1,4‐diarylazetidin‐2‐ones with selective COX‐2 inhibitory activity.
Evidence for the contribution of COMT gene Val158/108Met polymorphism (rs4680) to working memory training‐related prefrontal plasticity
Authors: Zhao Wan , Huang Ling , Li Yang , Zhang Qiumei , Chen Xiongying , Fu Wenjin , Du Boqi , Deng Xiaoxiang , Ji Feng , Xiang Yu‐Tao , Wang Chuanyue , Li Xiaohong , Dong Qi , Chen Chuansheng , Jaeggi Susanne M. , Li Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenetic factors have been suggested to affect the efficacy of working memory training. However, few studies have attempted to identify the relevant genes.MethodsIn this study, we first performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to identify brain regions that were specifically affected by working memory training. Sixty undergraduate students were randomly assigned to either the adaptive training group (N = 30) or the active control group (N = 30). Both groups were trained for 20 sessions during 4 weeks and received fMRI scans before and after the training. Afterward, we combined the data from the 30 participants in the RCT study who received adaptive training with data from 71 additional participants who also received the same adaptive training but were not part of the RCT study (total N = 101) to test the contribution of the COMT Val158/108Met polymorphism to the interindividual difference in the training effect within the identified brain regions.ResultsIn the RCT study, we found that the adaptive training significantly decreased brain activation in the left prefrontal cortex (TFCE‐FWE corrected p = .030). In the genetic study, we found that compared with the Val allele homozygotes, the Met allele carriers' brain activation decreased more after the training at the left prefrontal cortex (TFCE‐FWE corrected p = .025).ConclusionsThis study provided evidence for the neural effect of a visual–spatial span training and suggested that genetic factors such as the COMT Val158/108Met polymorphism may have to be considered in future studies of such training.
Anilate Tethered Neutral Tetrahedral Pd(II) Cages Exhibiting Selective Encapsulation of Xylenes and Mesitylene
Authors: Yadav Ashok , Sarkar Meghamala , Subrahmanyam Sappati , Chaudhary Atul , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe design of porous materials for the recognition of multiple hydrocarbons is highly desirable for the energy‐efficient separation and recognition of chemical feedstock. Herein, three new iso‐structural porous discrete metal–organic cages of formula {[Pd3(NiPr)3PO]4(R‐AN)6} (R‐AN=anilate linkers) for the selective recognition of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons are reported. The tetrahedral cages 1, 2, and 3 containing anilate, chloranilate, and bromanilate linkers exhibited selective encapsulation of mesitylene, o‐xylene, and p‐xylene, respectively, over other analogous aromatic hydrocarbons. These selective encapsulations were driven by the variations in the portal diameters present at each of these cages and their interactions with the hydrocarbon guests. These observations are supported by mass spectrometry, NMR studies, and theoretical binding‐energy calculations.
Reductive Hydroxymethylation of 4‐Heteroarylpyridines
Authors: Hepburn Hamish B. , Donohoe Timothy J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe activation of pyridinium salts with electron‐withdrawing heterocycles enables an iridium‐catalyzed reductive hydroxymethylation reaction to proceed smoothly, facilitating the preparation of useful 3D heteroaryl‐substituted functionalized piperidines. The methodology is used to prepare 3‐hydroxymethylated analogues of pharmaceutical agents. Mechanistically, formaldehyde acts as both a hydride donor and the electrophile, leading to the formation of two new carbon–hydrogen bonds and one new carbon–carbon bond under relatively mild conditions.
Divalent Ytterbium Iodide Supported by β‐Diketiminato Based Tridentate Ligand: Synthesis, Structure and Small Molecule Activation†
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Xiang Li , Wang Chen , Wang Bingwu , Leng Xuebing , Chen Yaofeng 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionDivalent ytterbium iodide [LYb(μ‐I)(THF)]2 (1; L = [MeC(NDIPP)CHC(Me)NCH2CH2NMe2]−, DIPP = 2,6‐(iPr)2C6H3) was synthesized and its reactivity was studied. Complex 1 was synthesized by salt metathesis of YbI2(THF)2 with the potassium salt of ligand (KL) in high yield. In the reactions with trimethylsilyl azide, azobenzene, sulfur and diphenyl disulfide, complex 1 acts as a 2e reductant. In the reaction with CO2, the central carbon atom of β‐diketiminato backbone in 1 nucleophilically attacks the CO2 molecule to give a divalent ytterbium carboxylate.
Frequent alterations in p16/CDKN2A identified by immunohistochemistry and FISH in chordoma
Authors: Cottone Lucia , Eden Nadia , Usher Inga , Lombard Patrick , Ye Hongtao , Ligammari Lorena , Lindsay Daniel , Brandner Sebastian , Pižem Jože , Pillay Nischalan , Tirabosco Roberto , Amary Fernanda , Flanagan Adrienne M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe expression of p16/CDKN2A, the second most commonly inactivated tumour suppressor gene in cancer, is lost in the majority of chordomas. However, the mechanism(s) leading to its inactivation and contribution to disease progression have only been partially addressed using small patient cohorts. We studied 384 chordoma samples from 320 patients by immunohistochemistry and found that p16 protein was lost in 53% of chordomas and was heterogeneously expressed in these tumours. To determine if CDKN2A copy number loss could explain the absence of p16 protein expression we performed fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) for CDKN2A on consecutive tissue sections. CDKN2A copy number status was altered in 168 of 274 (61%) of samples and copy number loss was the most frequent alteration acquired during clinical disease progression. CDKN2A homozygous deletion was always associated with p16 protein loss but only accounted for 33% of the p16‐negative cases. The remaining immunonegative cases were associated with disomy (27%), monosomy (12%), heterozygous loss (20%) and copy number gain (7%) of CDKN2A, supporting the hypothesis that loss of protein expression might be achieved via epigenetic or post‐transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. We identified that mRNA levels were comparable in tumours with and without p16 protein expression, but other events including DNA promoter hypermethylation, copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity and expression of candidate microRNAs previously implicated in the regulation of CDKN2A expression were not identified to explain the protein loss. The data argue that p16 loss in chordoma is commonly caused by a post‐transcriptional regulatory mechanism that is yet to be defined.
A two steps method of resources utilization predication for large Hadoop data center
Authors: Yu Lei , Teng Fei , Ning Shangming , Li Yunshu , Cui Zhe , Du Shengdong 
Published: January 2020

SummaryWith the increase of data processing and Hadoop data center construction requirements, the performance of Hadoop data center is limited by inappropriate resources utilization. This paper introduces a new method to predict utilization for large‐scale Hadoop clusters. The new method adopts a two steps model, which includes Hadoop applications' performance simulation and resources utilization prediction. For performance simulation, a new simulator, which integrates baseline test and multilayered network model, is introduced and implemented. A resources utilization predictor is proposed in the second step. By analyzing the pattern of resources utilization, a single task model is proposed. A parallel‐batch‐task‐based (PBT) model, which represents the behavior of real Hadoop applications by integrating the single task model, is introduced. Two test scenarios are configured to verify the performance of our method. For the data center scenario, Terasort, Wordcount, and Hive are selected as benchmarks. In the virtual machines scenario, Terasort is used as benchmark. The experiments show that the error comparing between the simulator results and experimental environment results in most cases is less than 10%. The results confirm that we can locate the resource bottleneck for Hadoop clusters, meanwhile we can agilely configure clusters for applications with massive data.
Machine learning on Crays to optimize petrophysical workflows in oil and gas exploration
Authors: Brown Nick , Roubíčková Anna , Lampaki Ioanna , MacGregor Lucy , Ellis Michelle , Vera de Newton Paola 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe oil and gas industry is awash with sub‐surface data, which is used to characterize the rock and fluid properties beneath the seabed. This drives commercial decision making and exploration, but the industry relies upon highly manual workflows when processing data. A question is whether this can be improved using machine learning, complementing the activities of petrophysicists searching for hydrocarbons. In this paper, we present work using supervised learning with the aim of decreasing the petrophysical interpretation time down from over 7 days to 7 minutes. We describe the use of mathematical models that have been trained using raw well log data, to complete each of the four stages of a petrophysical interpretation workflow, in addition to initial data cleaning. We explore how the predictions from these models compare against the interpretations of human petrophysicists, and numerous options and techniques that were used to optimize the models. The result of this work is the ability, for the first time, to use machine learning for the entire petrophysical workflow.
Cloud architecture for plant phenotyping research
Authors: Debauche Olivier , Mahmoudi Sidi Ahmed , De Cock Nicolas , Mahmoudi Saïd , Manneback Pierre , Lebeau Frédéric 
Published: January 2020

SummaryDigital phenotyping is an emergent science mainly based on imagery techniques. The tremendous amount of data generated needs important cloud computing for their processing. The coupling of recent advance of distributed databases and cloud computing offers new possibilities of big data management and data sharing for the scientific research. In this paper, we present a solution combining a lambda architecture built around Apache Druid and a hosting platform leaning on Apache Mesos. Lambda architecture has already proved its performance and robustness. However, the capacity of ingesting and requesting of the database is essential and can constitute a bottleneck for the architecture, in particular, for in terms of availability and response time of data. We focused our experimentation on the response time of different databases to choose the most adapted for our phenotyping architecture. Apache Druid has shown its ability to respond to typical queries of phenotyping applications in times generally inferior to the second.
Corporate social responsibility leadership for sustainable development: An institutional logics perspective in Brazil
Authors: Pureza Alvaro Plinio , Lee Ki‐Hoon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigates what drives the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in Brazil. It combines multiaspects of institutional forces and a multilevel analysis into one study to identify patterns of behaviour and leadership rationale. We use interviews to collect data from 16 top Brazilian corporations with good CSR reputations. Building on the institutional logics perspective, the study differentiates four CSR patterns of behaviour and identifies two leadership rationales behind those patterns: the reactionary and reputational self‐oriented rationale and the responsible and collaborative system‐oriented rationale. The “self‐oriented” rationale is linked to leaderships with predominantly egotistic values and short‐term thinking characteristics. Conversely, the “system‐oriented” rationale is linked to leaderships with predominantly altruistic values and long‐term thinking characteristics. These findings provide new insights into the sustainable development debate and help practitioners evaluate the appropriateness of their own CSR practices for the company's strategy and leadership rationale.
Cobalta‐Electrocatalyzed C−H Activation in Biomass‐Derived Glycerol: Powered by Renewable Wind and Solar Energy
Authors: Meyer Tjark H. , Chesnokov Gleb A. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAqueous glycerol was identified as a renewable reaction medium for metalla‐electrocatalyzed C−H activation powered by sustainable energy sources. The renewable solvent was employed for cobalt‐catalyzed C−H/N−H functionalizations under mild conditions. The cobalta‐electrocatalysis manifold occurred with high levels of chemo‐ and positional selectivity and allowed for electrochemical C−H activations with broad substrate scope. The resource economy of this strategy was considerably substantiated by the direct use of renewable solar and wind energy.