bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational intelligence based optimization of hierarchical virtual power plants
Authors: Rädle Stefan , Mast Johannes , Gerlach Joachim , Bringmann Oliver 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the context of renewable energy sources, virtual power plants (VPP) are regarded as a key technology for an intelligent control of the complex, decentralized, distributed and heterogeneous power generation process. However, an economic and ecological control of a VPP turns out to be a highly critical task: due to the strongly varying characteristics of VPPs, in terms of complexity, technology mix, environmental conditions and target objectives to be optimized during operation, the control of an individual VPP needs to be able to effectively take into account all of those individual constraints. Therefore, we propose in this paper an abstract control methodology for a VPP in combination with computational intelligence (CI) metaheuristics, which is designed to be flexibly applicable for different VPP sizes, target objectives and power plant types. The methodology furthermore provides the possibility to build hierarchical VPPs as they are often demanded by the system operators. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the control methodology, three exemplary optimization targets are considered and applied to different compositions of flat/hierarchical VPPs: the minimization of operating reserve requirements, the minimization of $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

emissions and the maximization of the power plant flexibility. Furthermore, the methodology is combined and evaluated with three exemplary CI metaheuristics: simulated annealing (SA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO). To legitimize the use of such advanced CI metaheuristics for the optimization problem, gradient descent optimization (GDO) as a traditional optimization technique is regarded as well. On the basis of concrete example scenarios as well as extensive, aggregated test runs, the results show that the control methodology is capable of efficiently optimizing various compositions of VPPs towards the given objectives.
The effects of calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) seeds on reference microorganisms
Authors: Augustyniak Adrian , Sikora Pawel , Jablonska Joanna , Cendrowski Krzysztof , John Elisabeth , Stephan Dietmar , Mijowska Ewa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBuilding materials are constantly improved with various additives and admixtures in order to achieve goals ranging from obtaining increased durability or antimicrobial activity up to reducing the carbon footprint left by the cement production. Since nanomaterials were proposed for cement products, many studies explored the possibilities for their incorporation. One of the novel trends in studying these materials is evaluating their impact on living organisms, with the focus not only on toxicology but also on the application potential. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of three types of calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) seeds on reference microorganisms in the scope of their basic physiology and primary metabolism. Shape, size and elemental composition of C–S–H seeds were also evaluated. The tests on the reference microorganisms have shown that the reaction to these nanomaterials can be specific and depends on the strain as well as the type of used nanomaterial. Furthermore, the presence of C–S–H seeds in the growth environment led to metabolic stimulation that resulted in faster growth, higher biochemical activity, and increased biofilm formation. Based on our findings, we conclude that even though C–S–H seeds have antimicrobial potential, they can be potentially used to promote the growth of selected microbial strains. This phenomenon could be further investigated towards the formation of beneficial biofilms on building materials.
Experiences of delayed maturation in female vocational ballet students: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Mitchell Siobhan B. , Haase Anne M. , Cumming Sean P. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is a well‐established bias toward late maturing females in the context of ballet, with up to 70% of professionals delayed in maturation. The timing of maturation has implications for physical and psychological outcomes which are likely to be amplified in dance. The aim of this research was to explore the role of maturity timing in adolescent dance students' experiences of vocational ballet training.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were carried out with 28 adolescent female dancers of differing maturity timing across three vocational ballet schools in the UK. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed in the analysis of data. This study comprises findings from the nine late maturing dancers within the sample.ResultsLate maturing dancers perceived a number of aesthetic and functional advantages. The aesthetic advantages noted by the dancers are congruent with the well‐established bias toward a later maturing physique for ballet; being ‘small’ and not having ‘bits’ is advantageous for these dancers in terms of maintaining a more pre‐pubescent look and thereby conforming more easily to the expectations of the ballet world. However, dancers in this study perceived some significant drawbacks. Despite aesthetic advantages, later maturing dancers were disadvantaged by the current training system which sees them undertaking the most crucial training period during their most rapid period of growth.ConclusionsGreater consideration of maturation is needed within training systems and further research is warranted to understand these experiences in more depth and their implications for the physical and psychological wellbeing of young people in dance.
The Absence of an Ocean and the Fate of Water all Over the Martian History
Authors: Leone Giovanni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExisting data returned in >40 years of planetary missions to Mars provided a good basis to understand that an ocean never existed on the surface of the planet during its whole history. The presence of environmental indicators like unaltered jarosite and olivine deposited by the early volcanic activity can be seen as evidence that liquid water was never abundant nor widespread on the surface of Mars since the pre‐Noachian or Noachian at least. There is a dramatic mismatch with the water equivalent volume of the outflow channels sources with the volume needed to form an ocean. The ubiquitous presence of large volcanoes, with their huge lava fields exactly where liquid water was claimed to be abundant during the Noachian age, makes now very clear that lava and not water was involved in the formation of the outflow channels and the fluvial networks. As a consequence, cheaper robotic exploration might be favored with respect to the ambitious human exploration program planned for Mars. Unless enough water supplies will be brought to the equatorial regions from the poles through long pipelines, or from nearby asteroids through cargo ships, it will be very difficult to exploit the rich equatorial resources brought up from the mantle by the massive volcanism that characterized the early history of the planet. Digging deeply the equatorial regions searching for water would be too expensive, of uncertain reward, and thus unpractical.
How Oceanic Melt Controls Tidewater Glacier Evolution
Authors: Mercenier R. , Lüthi M. P. , Vieli A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe recent rapid retreat of many Arctic outlet glaciers has been attributed to increased oceanic melt, but the relationship between oceanic melt and iceberg calving remains poorly understood. Here, we employ a transient finite element model that simulates oceanic melt and ice break‐off at the terminus. The response of an idealized tidewater glacier to various submarine melt rates and seasonal variations is investigated. Our modeling shows that for zero to low oceanic melt, the rate of volume loss at the front is similar or higher than that for intermediate oceanic melt rates. Only very high melt rates lead to increasing volume losses. These results highlight the complex interplay between oceanic melt and calving and question the general assumption that increased submarine melt leads to higher calving fluxes and enhanced retreat. Models for tidewater glacier evolution should therefore consider calving and oceanic melt as tightly coupled processes rather than as simple, additive parameterizations.
CO Emissions Inferred From Surface CO Observations Over China in December 2013 and 2017
Authors: Feng Shuzhuang , Jiang Fei , Wu Zheng , Wang Hengmao , Ju Weimin , Wang Haikun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChina has implemented active clean air policies in recent years, and the spatiotemporal patterns of major pollutant emissions have changed substantially. In this study, we construct a regional air pollution data assimilation system based on the WRF/CMAQ model and ensemble Kalman filter algorithm to quantitatively optimize gridded CO emissions using hourly surface CO measurements over China. The Multi‐resolution Emission Inventory of China CO emission inventories in December 2012 and 2016 are treated as prior emissions, and the CO emissions in December 2013 and 2017 are optimized using the CO observations of December of 2013 and 2017, respectively. The results show that in both periods, assimilation of CO observations significantly improves the CO simulations and emission estimates. Assimilation increases the CO emissions in most areas of mainland China, especially in northern China, and the spatial patterns of the increases in the two periods are similar. Overall, the posterior CO emissions in December 2017 are 17% lower than those in December 2013. Large emission decreases are mainly found in most key urban areas and developed regions, and emission increases are mainly located in their surrounding areas and certain central and western regions, which might reflect the emission migration from developed regions or urban areas to developing regions or surrounding areas. These changes are not found in the prior emissions but are basically consistent with the emission control strategies and industrial transformation and upgrade phenomena in recent years, indicating that our CO assimilation system could successfully capture the temporal and spatial variations.
Contribution of Sea‐State Dependent Bubbles to Air‐Sea Carbon Dioxide Fluxes
Authors: Reichl B. G. , Deike L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBreaking surface ocean waves produce bubbles that are important for air‐sea gas exchanges, particularly during high winds. In this study we estimate air‐sea CO2 fluxes globally using a new approach that considers the surface wave contribution to gas fluxes. We estimate that 40% of the net air‐sea CO2 flux is via bubbles, with annual, seasonal, and regional variability. When compared to traditional gas‐flux parameterization methods that consider the wind speed alone, we find high‐frequency (daily to weekly) differences in the predicted gas flux using the sea‐state dependent method at spatial scales related to atmospheric weather (10 to 100 km). Seasonal net differences in the air‐sea CO2 flux due to the sea‐state dependence can exceed 20%, with the largest values associated with North Atlantic and North Pacific winter storms. These results confirm that bubbles are important for global gas‐flux dynamics and that sea‐state dependent parameterizations may improve performance of global coupled models.
Coupling of Clouds and Tropospheric Relative Humidity in the Tropical Western Atlantic: Insights From Multisatellite Observations
Authors: Brogniez Hélène , Kirstetter Pierre‐Emmanuel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigated the interactions between clouds and moisture at the diurnal scale in the Western Atlantic trade winds region. Profiles of tropospheric relative humidity from the SAPHIR/Megha‐Tropiques sounder are combined with cloud categories obtained from geostationary satellites. In winter, the midtroposphere undergoes strong daytime drying due to air masses coming from the colder upper troposphere. The moistening near the surface triggered by solar radiation precludes the development of low‐level clouds. At night rising moist air in the upper troposphere triggers the formation of high‐altitude clouds and favors their presence. In summer, daytime high‐altitude clouds shield the solar forcing on the atmosphere and reduce drying from large‐scale subsidence. After sunset, the development of upper tropospheric opaque clouds constitutes a local source of moisture. We argue that modulations of the diurnal cycle of clouds and relative humidity by season may be related to diurnal pulses of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
Deep search for hydrogen peroxide toward pre- and protostellar objects
Authors: Fuchs G. W. , Witsch D. , Herberth D. , Kempkes M. , Stanclik B. , Chantzos J. , Linnartz H. , Menten K. , Giesen T. F. 
Published: March 2020

Context. In the laboratory, hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) was proven to be an intermediate product in the solid-state reaction scheme that leads to the formation of water on icy dust grains. When HOOH desorbs from the icy grains, it can be detected in the gas phase. In combination with water detections, it may provide additional information on the water reaction network. Hydrogen peroxide has previously been found toward ρ Oph A. However, further searches for this molecule in other sources failed. Hydrogen peroxide plays a fundamental role in the understanding of solid-state water formation and the overall water reservoir in young stellar objects (YSOs). Without further HOOH detections, it is difficult to assess and develop suitable chemical models that properly take into account the formation of water on icy surfaces.
Aims. The objective of this work is to identify HOOH in YSOs and thereby constrain the grain surface water formation hypothesis.
Methods. Using an astrochemical model based on previous work in combination with a physical model of YSOs, the sources R CrA-IRS 5A, NGC C1333-IRAS 2A, L1551-IRS 5, and L1544 were identified as suitable candidates for an HOOH detection. Long integration times on the APEX 12 m and IRAM 30 m telescopes were applied to search for HOOH signatures in these sources.
Results. None of the four sources under investigation showed convincing spectral signatures of HOOH. The upper limit for HOOH abundance based on the noise level at the frequency positions of this molecule for the source R CrA-IRS 5A was close to the predicted value. For NGC 1333-IRAS 2A, L1544, and L1551-IRS 5, the model overestimated the hydrogen peroxide abundances.
Conclusions. HOOH remains an elusive molecule. With only one secure cosmic HOOH source detected so far, namely ρ Oph A, the chemical model parameters for this molecule cannot be sufficiently well determined or confirmed in existing models. Possible reasons for the nondetections of HOOH are discussed.
Überblick über die klinische Studienlage in der Homöopathie
Authors: Steinmann Diana 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Politik, Medien, unter Wissenschaftlern und medizinischem Fachpersonal existieren stark unterschiedliche Meinungen zur vorliegenden Studienlage in der Homöopathie. In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird zunächst eine Einführung in die evidenzbasierte Medizin gegeben und anschließend werden wichtige Artikel und Studien zur Grundlagenforschung, im Bereich der klinischen Studien, der Versorgungsforschung (Beobachtungsstudien) und in Bezug auf die Metaanalysen genannt. In jedem Bereich wird auf die Vor- und Nachteile sowie Qualität der Studienkonzepte eingegangen, sodass sich der Leser eine eigene Meinung zum Thema Forschung in der Homöopathie bilden kann. Im Gegensatz zur Skeptikermeinung gibt es ein paar wenige Studien von sehr hoher Qualität, die eine Wirksamkeit in der untersuchten Fragestellung zum Teil sogar gegen Placebo zeigen.
Berufliche Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben von Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen: gestern und heute eine Herausforderung
Authors: Krasselt Alexandra , Stengler Katarina , Steinberg Holger 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Geschichte der deutschen Psychiatrie ist die Schwierigkeit, schwer psychisch kranke Menschen zurück in das Arbeitsleben zu bringen, bekannt. Vor allem die Arbeitstherapie wurde als Instrument zur Überwindung dieses Problems gesehen. Als Beispiel dafür stehen die Reformbemühungen der Rodewischer Thesen. Vor dem Hintergrund sozialrechtlicher Grundlagen wurden Leistungen zur beruflichen Teilhabe in Deutschland seither jedoch fast ausschließlich im klassischen Rehabilitationssektor ausgebaut und wurden kaum prioritär als Therapieauftrag in der Akutpsychiatrie gesehen. Die historische Erfahrung zeigt, dass genau hier Änderungsbedarf besteht, um die Arbeitsfähigkeit psychisch Kranker langfristig zu erhalten und frühzeitige Erwerbsunfähigkeit aufgrund psychischer Erkrankung zu verhindern.
Aryne-Based Multicomponent Coupling Reactions
Authors: Lee Daesung , Ghorai Sourav 
Published: March 2020

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) constitute a powerful synthetic tool to generate a large number of small molecules with high atom economy, which thus can efficiently expand the chemical space with molecular diversity and complexity. Aryne-based MCRs offer versatile possibilities to construct functionalized arenes and benzo-fused heterocycles. Because of their electrophilic nature, arynes couple with a broad range of nucleophiles. Thus, a variety of aryne-based MCRs have been developed, the representative of which are summarized in this account.1	Introduction2	Aryne-Based Multicomponent Reactions2.1	Trapping with Isocyanides2.2	Trapping with Imines2.3	Trapping with Amines2.4	Insertion into π-Bonds2.5	Trapping with Ethers and Thioethers2.6	Trapping with Carbanions2.7	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Approaches3	Strategies Based on Hexadehydro Diels–Alder Reaction3.1	Dihalogenation3.2	Halohydroxylation and Haloacylation3.3	Amides and Imides3.4	Quinazolines3.5	Benzocyclobutene-1,2-diimines and 3H-Indole-3-imines3.6	Other MCRs of Arynes and Isocyanides4	Conclusion
Treating Hereditary Ataxias—Where Can We Help?
Authors: Agarwal Ayush , Garg Divyani , Faruq Mohammed , Rajan Roopa , Goyal Vinay , Srivastava Achal Kumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHereditary ataxias comprise a group of neurological disorders which affect different levels of the neurological axis including the cerebellum, peripheral nerves, cognition, and the extrapyramidal system. These are categorized by the mode of inheritance as autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, X-linked, and mitochondrial cerebellar ataxia. Definitive curative therapy is not available for these disorders. However, a wide array of emerging treatment options, especially in terms of symptomatic therapy, rescues this group from therapeutic nihilism. Several drugs have been assessed including riluzole, valproate, lithium, etc., as well as rehabilitative, and neuromodulatory strategies. In addition, symptomatic therapies for ancillary symptoms, such as seizures, movement disorders, spasticity, dystonia, etc., should also be targeted. Lastly, molecular therapeutic possibilities are also being explored in animal studies. In this review, we elucidate on the current treatment options available for hereditary ataxias.
Textiloma Mimicking a Recurrent High-Grade Astrocytoma: A Case Report
Authors: Jaramillo-Jiménez Esteban , Gupta Manu , Snipes George , Cheek Brennen S. , Michael Christopher B. , Navarro-Montoya Ana M. , Gómez-Escobar Tatiana , Jiménez-Villegas Juliana , Rodríguez-Márquez Iader , Melguizo-Gavilanes Isaac 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction Textiloma (Txm) is a nonmedical term that has been given to foreign body-related inflammatory pseudotumor arising from retained nonabsorbable cotton matrix that is either inadvertently or deliberately left behind during surgery, which may trigger an inflammatory reaction. This report describes a case of Txm mimicking a recurrent high-grade astrocytoma.
Case Report We, here, present the case of a 69-year-old female with a 6-month history of progressive left-sided weakness. Neuroimaging studies revealed a large nonenhancing mass in the right frontoparietal lobe. Pathology reported a World Health Organization tumor classification grade II, diffuse astrocytoma. After surgical intervention, external beam radiation was given to the remaining areas of residual tumor. Routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a nodular area of contrast enhancement in the dorsal and inferior margin of the biopsy tract, growing between interval scans, and perfusion-weighted imaging parameters were elevated being clinically asymptomatic. She underwent a complete resection of this area of interest and pathology returned as a Txm with Surgicel fibers.
Conclusion After treatment of a neoplasm, if unexpected clinical or imaging evidence of recurrence is present, a foreign body reaction to hemostatic material used during the initial surgery should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Establishing the Safety of Training in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Retrospective Comparison of Outcomes between Trainees and a Consultant Surgeon
Authors: Pal Soumik , Hartley Philip , Salmasi Yousuf , Asimakopoulos George 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The safety of training in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery and the stage at which trainees should be exposed to this technique remain controversial. This single-center retrospective study aimed to compare outcomes of OPCAB surgery in consultant and trainee cases.
Methods Between 2014 and 2018, all isolated OPCAB operations performed under the care of a consultant surgeon (G.A.) were analyzed. Cases where a surgeon below consultant grade performed at least 70% of the distal anastomoses were designated as “trainee cases” with the remaining cases designated as “consultant cases.” The baseline characteristics of patients, perioperative data, and short-term outcomes were prospectively collated and analyzed.
Results During the study period, 245 OPCAB cases were identified: 142 (58%) consultant and 103 (42%) trainee cases. The trainee cases were performed exclusively by trainees in the final 2 years of the UK National Cardiothoracic Training Program. Both trainee and consultant groups had low mortality with two perioperative deaths occurring in either group. The rates of serious postoperative complications including stroke (n = 1 vs. 2, p = 0.759), resternotomy for bleeding (n = 3 vs. 7, p = 0.431), and mediastinal infection (n = 2 vs. 3, p = 0.926) were low and not significantly different between the two groups. Patients operated on by trainees had a slightly longer hospital stay than those operated on by the consultant surgeon, although this did not reach statistical significance (9.9 vs. 7.9 days).
Conclusions These results demonstrate comparable outcomes in OPCAB surgery between a consultant surgeon and trainees. This study supports the conclusion that training surgeons in OPCAB is appropriate for trainees in the final years of cardiac surgery training.
Coronary Artery Fistula Unmasking the Absence of Left Pulmonary Artery in an Adult
Authors: Sigusch Holger H. , Hansch Andreas , Doenst Torsten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoronary artery fistulae are an incidental finding in patients undergoing coronary angiography or computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography. A 60-year-old man with known coronary artery disease presented with dyspnea. Coronary angiography revealed a large fistula arising from the circumflex artery (CX) without a clear intrathoracic target vessel or chamber in the heart. CT angiography revealed the agenesis of the left pulmonary artery. The fistula arising from the CX ensured left lung tissue supply. Unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery is an extremely rare condition. In this case, the identification of a fistula from the heart triggered the correct diagnosis.