bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro Aggressions and Connections in the Context of National Multiculturalism: Everyday Geographies of Racialisation and Resistance in Contemporary Scotland
Authors: Peterson Melike 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper is organised around geographies of encounter, power and living together. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, in‐depth interviews and focus groups in the West and North of Glasgow, I explore the micro connections and aggressions shaping everyday encounters for some (ethnic and cultural) minorities, contributing to debates on the potentials and challenges of multicultural living. The research contributes to this work by offering a detailed embodied/felt account of belonging and racism in contemporary Glasgow, challenging dominant narratives that construct Scottishness as having “no problem with racism”. As worrying shifts around immigration and multiculturalism continue on a broader political level, including in Scotland, I use the conceptual frame of micro connection, to detail how people actively resist being racialised and othered, and attempt to transform public spaces in Glasgow by “quietly” carving out and inhabiting alternative spaces of belonging.
Association between atopic keratoconjunctivitis and the risk of keratoconus
Authors: Weng Shih‐Feng , Jan Ren‐Long , Wang Jhi‐Joung , Tseng Sung‐Huei , Chang Yuh‐Shin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the risk of keratoconus (KCN) in patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC).MethodsThis nationwide, retrospective, matched cohort study included 186 202 newly diagnosed AKC patients who were identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM), code 372.05, and selected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The age‐ and sex‐matched control group included 186 202 non‐AKC patients selected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. Patient information was collected between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2011, and both groups of patients were tracked from the index date until December 2013. The incidence and risk of KCN (ICD‐9‐CM, code 371.6) were compared between the groups. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to obtain the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for KCN. The cumulative KCN incidence rate was calculated with the Kaplan‐Meier analysis.ResultsIn total, 62 AKC patients and 26 controls developed KCN during the follow‐up period. The incidence rate of KCN was 2.49 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.57–3.93; p < 0.0001) higher in AKC patients than in controls. After adjusting for potential confounders, AKC patients were 2.25 times more likely to develop KCN than controls (adjusted HR, 2.25; 95% CI = 1.41–3.58; p < 0.05).ConclusionAtopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) patients had an increased risk of developing KCN. Therefore, AKC patients should be advised of this risk.
Eye patching after cataract surgery is associated with an increased risk of short‐term corneal oedema
Authors: Gazit Inbal , Dubinsky‐Pertzov Biana , Or Lior , Pras Eran , Belkin Avner , Einan‐Lifshitz Adi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of postoperative eye patching after routine cataract surgery on corneal oedema and visual acuity on the first postoperative day.SettingOne public healthcare centre.Design and methodsThis randomized controlled trial included patients undergoing uneventful cataract surgery in one medical centre. Patients were randomized into two groups: the surgical eye was patched with a single dose of a local steroid and antibiotic for 24 hr in the first group, and a plastic shield was used in the second with local steroid and antibiotic drops. The eyes were examined preoperatively and on the first postoperative day. Examination included the following: best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), full slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) using the IOL Master 700 (Zeiss, Germany). Cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) and operation time were recorded for all cases.ResultsOne hundred eyes of 100 patients were included in the study. The postoperative increase in CCT 24 hr after surgery was 138 and 70 µm in the patched group as compared to the non‐patched group, respectively (p = 0.001). Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on the first postoperative day was 0.5 ± 0.45 LogMAR and 0.3 ± 0.3 LogMAR in the patched and non‐patched group, respectively (p = 0.01). There was no difference in CDE (11.33 ± 9.2 and 10.22 ± 7.3; p = 0.94) between the two groups.ConclusionsEye patching after routine cataract surgery is associated with an increase in corneal oedema and slower visual recovery on the first postoperative day.
A nationwide questionnaire survey on accidental magnet ingestion in children in Japan
Authors: Miyamoto Ryosuke , Okuda Masumi , Kikuchi Shogo , Iwayama Hideyuki , Hataya Hiroshi , Okumura Akihisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe aim is to investigate the actual situation of accidental ingestion of magnets in children in Japan and the clinical features of the resulting gastrointestinal damage.MethodsWe developed a questionnaire and sent it to 496 board‐certified training hospitals nationwide. Information was collected on the number of children with accidental magnet intake from 2015 to 2017, witnesses of magnet intake, number and type of magnets, presence or absence of gastrointestinal injury, treatment, etcResultsThe number of cases of accidental ingestion of magnets within the study period was 104, with a median age of 2 years. About half of the incidents were unwitnessed. There were 33 cases of accidental ingestion of multiple magnets. Among them, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in 4 children and surgery in 10, and significantly invasive treatment was required in comparison with single‐magnet ingestion. Gastrointestinal injury was observed in 11 cases, 10 of which were caused by multiple‐magnet ingestion. All 10 of these patients underwent surgical treatment. There was no mortality.ConclusionThe incidence of accidental magnet ingestion in Japan is estimated to be 50‐70 per year. Unwitnessed cases are not uncommon. Multiple magnet ingestion often causes gastrointestinal injury. Many cases of gastrointestinal injury are caused by ingestion of magnetic toys.
Thematic analysis of acceptability and fidelity of engagement for behaviour change interventions: The Let’s Move It intervention interview study
Authors: Palsola Minttu , Renko Elina , Kostamo Katri , Lorencatto Fabiana , Hankonen Nelli 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesIntervention participants’ responses to and engagement with interventions are a key intermediate step between interventions and intended outcomes. The aim of this study was to qualitatively investigate crucial aspects of engagement, namely acceptability (experienced cognitive and emotional responses to the intervention), receipt (comprehension of intervention content), and skill enactment (skill performance in target settings), within the Let’s Move It, a multi‐component school‐based physical activity intervention.DesignA longitudinal qualitative study embedded in a cluster‐randomized trial, with individual interviews of purposefully sampled intervention participants immediately post‐intervention (n = 21) and at 14 months (n = 14).MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Abductive coding process was taken to identify categories for themes.ResultsThe analysis resulted in 12 themes and 18 subthemes. Overall, participants reported perceived effectiveness of and affective attitude towards the intervention (acceptability) and understood the main messages and skills (receipt). For example, findings indicated comprehension of the non‐judgemental nature and choice‐providing messages of the intervention underpinned by self‐determination theory. Despite reporting understanding how and why to perform the skills, not using them was a highlighted theme (skill enactment), particularly for self‐regulatory techniques such as planning. Friends’ role as key self‐motivation technique was a prevalent theme. In the within‐individual analysis, three different engager types were identified: positive, ambivalent, and negative.ConclusionIdentifying misunderstandings and difficulties in skill acquisition can help interpret main trial outcomes and inform further intervention optimization. This study provides an example of how to use thematic analysis to assess acceptability, receipt, and enactment in interventions.
Pylons ablaze: Examining the role of 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy beliefs and support for violence
Authors: Jolley Daniel , Paterson Jenny L. 
Published: June 2020

Amid increased acts of violence against telecommunication engineers and property, this pre‐registered study (N = 601 Britons) investigated the association between beliefs in 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy theories and the justification and willingness to use violence. Findings revealed that belief in 5G COVID‐19 conspiracy theories was positively correlated with state anger, which in turn, was associated with a greater justification of real‐life and hypothetical violence in response to an alleged link between 5G mobile technology and COVID‐19, alongside a greater intent to engage in similar behaviours in the future. Moreover, these associations were strongest for those highest in paranoia. Furthermore, we show that these patterns are not specific to 5G conspiratorial beliefs: General conspiracy mentality was positively associated with justification and willingness for general violence, an effect mediated by heightened state anger, especially for those most paranoid in the case of justification of violence. Such research provides novel evidence on why and when conspiracy beliefs may justify the use of violence.
Functional outcomes after pyeloplasty in solitary kidneys: structured analysis with the implication of Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) staging criteria to predict long‐term renal function recoverability
Authors: Elbaset Mohamed A. , Zahran Mohamad H. , Elrefaie Eman , Elgamal Mostafa , M.A. Sharaf , Ezzat Osama , Elmeniar Ali M. , Badawy Mohamed , Osman Yasser 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo assess the long‐term functional outcomes after pyeloplasty in solitary kidney (SK) models and to define factors affecting postoperative renal function recoverability in adults.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent pyeloplasty for pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) in SK. Long‐term renal function was assessed by diuretic scintigraphy and morphological changes were also determined, e.g. renal parenchymal volume (RPV) and parenchymal thickness (PT). We considered a >20% increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as improvement, >20% decrease as deterioration, and changes within 20% as stationary renal function. Univariate and multivariate analysis for factors affecting renal function recoverability, including the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) Staging System postoperatively, were performed.ResultsThe study included 62 patients with a mean (SD) age of 29 (10.5) years. At a median of 48 months, the mean (SD) GFR increased from 41.3 (17) to 48.5 (20.1) mL/min (P < 0.001), with a significant increase in RPV and PT (P = 0.02 and P = 0.001, respectively). Follow‐up renal function was static, improved and decreased in 39 (63.4%), 17 (27%) and six (9.6%) patients, respectively. Functional success was achieved in 90.4%. Patient’s age ≥39 years, PT ≤0.75 cm and higher early postoperative AKIN staging were predictors associated with a 4.8‐, 3.2‐ and 2.7‐fold deterioration in renal function.ConclusionPyeloplasty in SK preserved renal function in 90.4% of the present patients. Pyeloplasty in SK when associated with older age, decreased PT preoperatively, and early higher AKIN staging postoperatively was associated with poor renal function recoverability.
Integrins meet complement: The evolutionary tip of an iceberg orchestrating metabolism and immunity
Authors: Merle Nicolas S , Singh Parul , Rahman Jubayer , Kemper Claudia 
Published: June 2020

Immunologists have recently realized that there is more to the classic innate immune sensor systems than just mere protection against invading pathogens. It is becoming increasingly clear that such sensors, including the inflammasomes, toll‐like receptors, and the complement system, are heavily involved in the regulation of basic cell physiological processes and particularly those of metabolic nature. In fact, their “non‐canonical” activities make sense as no system directing immune cell activity can perform such task without the need for energy. Further, many of these ancient immune sensors appeared early and concurrently during evolution, particularly during the developmental leap from the single‐cell organisms to multicellularity, and therefore crosstalk heavily with each other. Here, we will review the current knowledge about the emerging cooperation between the major inter‐cell communicators, integrins, and the cell‐autonomous intracellularly and autocrine‐active complement, the complosome, during the regulation of single‐cell metabolism.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Canonical and non‐canonical functions of the complement system in health and disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.14/issuetoc
Risk factors for suicide attempt in children, adolescents, and young adults hospitalized for mental health disorders
Authors: Ong Mei‐Sing , Lakoma Matthew , Gees Bhosrekar Sarah , Hickok Jason , McLean Laura , Murphy Michael , Poland Russell E. , Purtell Nancy , Ross‐Degnan Dennis 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death among children, adolescents, and young adults (AYA), and mental health disorders are a major contributing factor. Yet, suicidal behaviors among children and AYA with mental health concerns remain understudied and age‐specific risk factors are poorly understood. We examined the risk factors for suicide attempt in children and AYA with mental health disorders across three age groups: pre‐adolescent children (aged ≤ 12), adolescents (aged 13–17), and young adults (aged 18–25).MethodsA cross‐sectional study of children and AYA hospitalized for a mental health disorder (n = 18,018) at a private hospital system with 141 facilities across the United States (year 2014).ResultsSuicide attempts six months prior to hospitalization were reported in 12.1% (n = 177) pre‐adolescent children, 22% (n = 1476) adolescents, and 17.9% (n = 1766) young adults. Evidence of psychological trauma was present in 55.4% of pre‐adolescent children, 51.2% of adolescents, and 44.5% of young adults. Predictors for suicide attempt observed across all three age groups included the following: female sex, depressive disorder, and being a victim of bullying. Risk factors for suicide attempt specific to pre‐adolescent children included being uninsured and having an unsafe home or school environment. Among AYA, suicide attempt was associated with non‐Hispanic white, family history of suicide, emotional traumas, and other traumatic experiences. Alcohol use disorder was also a significant predictor of suicide attempt in young adults.ConclusionsSuicide attempts among children and AYA admitted to a hospital with mental health concerns are highly prevalent. Socioeconomic stressors appeared to be an important contributing factor of suicidal behavior in pre‐adolescent children but not in older AYA. Effective suicide prevention strategies targeting children and AYA would need to consider age‐specific risk factors.
The impact of cyberbullying on schoolchildren’s dental anxiety in Brazil: A cross‐sectional multi‐level study
Authors: Silveira Ethieli R. , Costa Vanessa P. P. , Goettems Marília L. , Ardenghi Thiago M. , Azevedo Marina S. , Correa Marcos B. , Demarco Flávio F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study assessed the correlation between individual and school‐related social environment variables with dental anxiety in Brazilian schoolchildren aged 8‐12 years.MethodsA sample of children from 20 private and public schools (n = 1211) from Pelotas, Brazil, were selected. Socioeconomic data were collected from parents, and data regarding children characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. Dental anxiety (the outcome) was assessed by the following question: ‘Are you afraid of going to the dentist?’ Dental examinations were performed to assess caries experience (DMFT ≥ 1). The social school environment was assessed by a questionnaire administered to schools’ coordinators and considered: type of school, verbal violence between students, presence of gangs at school and cyberbullying episodes. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to investigate the association between school social environment and dental anxiety.ResultsThe prevalence of dental anxiety was 9.1% (95%CI 7.5‐10.8). For the individual variables, anxiety was more prevalent in girls [1.85 (1.21‐2.81)], in children with less‐educated mothers [1.50 (1.00‐2.27)] and in children who never attended to the dentist [2.48 (1.65‐3.72)]. For contextual variables, episodes of cyberbullying in school increased the prevalence of dental anxiety by almost 80% [1.78 (1.14‐2.78)].ConclusionsThe school social environment influences dental anxiety. The results suggest that it is important to establish strategies focused on promoting healthier environments and preventing cyberbullying in order to reduce the occurrence of dental anxiety.
Heparin affects the induction of regulatory T cells independent of anti-coagulant activity and suppresses allogeneic immune responses
Authors: Kashiwakura Y , Kojima H , Kanno Y , Hashiguchi M , Kobata T 
Published: June 2020

SummaryHeparin is a widely used anti-coagulant that enhances anti-thrombin (AT) activity. However, heparin also suppresses immune and inflammatory responses in various rodent models and clinical trials, respectively. The mechanism by which heparin suppresses immune responses is unclear. The effect of heparin on regulatory T cells (Tregs) in allogeneic immune responses was analysed using an acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) mouse model and mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs). In-vitro culture systems were utilized to study the effects of heparin on Tregs. Heparin administration reduced mortality rates and increased the proportion of Tregs in the early post-transplantation period of aGVHD mice. In both murine and human MLRs, heparin increased Tregs and inhibited responder T cell proliferation. Heparin promoted functional CD4+CD25+forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)+ Treg generation from naive CD4+ T cells, increased interleukin (IL)-2 production and enhanced the activation of pre-existing Tregs with IL-2. Heparin-induced Treg increases were not associated with anti-coagulant activity through AT, but required negatively charged sulphation of heparin. Importantly, N-acetyl heparin, a chemically modified heparin without anti-coagulant activity, induced Tregs and decreased mortality in aGVHD mice. Our results indicate that heparin contributes to Treg-mediated immunosuppression through IL-2 production and suggest that heparin derivatives may be useful for immunopathological control by efficient Treg induction.
The positive effect of tenting screws for primary horizontal guided bone regeneration: A retrospective study based on cone‐beam computed tomography data
Authors: César Neto João B. , Cavalcanti Marília C. , Sapata Vitor M. , Pannuti Cláudio M. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Naenni Nadja , Thoma Daniel S. , Romito Giuseppe A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo radiographically evaluate the effect of the adjunctive use of tenting screws (TS) for primary horizontal guided bone regeneration (GBR).Materials & MethodsTwenty‐eight patients in need of staged bone augmentation were consecutively treated in a private practice. A xenogenic particulate bone substitute material (DBBM) and a resorbable collagen membrane were used in all patients. Subjects were divided into two groups: control (conventional GBR; n = 22) and test (tenting screws in conjunction with GBR ‐ TS; n = 22). CBCT images were obtained before augmentation and after 6–8 months. CBCTs were superimposed, and linear horizontal measurements were performed. Alveolar ridge width (RW) and ridge width change (RWchange) were assessed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm below the bone crest.ResultsForty‐four sites in 28 patients were evaluated. No differences between the groups were detected for RW at baseline (TS: 5.87 ± 2.41; control: 5.36 ± 1.65). Regarding RWchange, TS promoted an additional effect at 1 and 3 mm below the crest compared to control (p < .05; RWchange‐1 TS: 3.72 ± 2.46; control: 1.25 ± 3.05; RWchange‐3 TS: 3.98 ± 2.53; control: 2.50 ± 2.02). The final RW was greater in group TS compared to the control group at the 1, 3, and 5 mm level (p < .05).ConclusionsThe use of tenting screws exerted a positive effect on staged GBR with a greater final RW at the 3 mm level. In addition, GBR in conjunction with TS was able to provide consistent bone augmentation at lingual/palatal sites.
Prosthetic outcomes and clinical performance of CAD‐CAM monolithic zirconia versus porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal implant crowns in the molar region: 1‐year results of a RCT
Authors: Mühlemann Sven , Lakha Tabrez , Jung Ronald E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Benic Goran I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinical performance of monolithic zirconia implant crowns as compared to porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal (PFM) implant crowns.Materials and methodsSeventy‐six healthy patients received reduced diameter implants in the molar region. Following random allocation, either a monolithic zirconia crown (Mono‐ZrO2) or a (PFM) was inserted. Crown and implant survival rates, modified USPHS criteria, clinical measurements, and interproximal marginal bone level (MBL) were assessed at crown delivery (baseline, BL) and at the 1‐year follow‐up (1y‐FU). Data were analyzed descriptively. Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were applied for statistical analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at p < .05.ResultsThirty‐nine Mono‐ZrO2 and 37 PFM crowns were delivered. At the 1y‐FU, one crown in each group was lost due to loss of the implant. Technical complications occurred in the PFM group and were limited to four minor ceramic chippings resulting in a total technical complication rate of 11.1% (p = .024). Anatomical form and color match compared to the adjacent dentition were rated significantly inferior for the Mono‐ZrO2 crowns. Patient satisfaction was high in both groups at BL (34 Mono‐ZrO2 34 PFM) and at 1y‐FU (36 Mono‐ZrO2 31 PFM). No significant differences between the groups were detected with respect to the change in MBL and to the soft tissue parameters.ConclusionsMonolithic zirconia crowns are a similarly successful alternative option to PFM crowns for restoring single implants in the posterior area.