bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep Facilitates Coping: Moderated Mediation of Daily Sleep, Ethnic/Racial Discrimination, Stress Responses, and Adolescent Well‐Being
Authors: Wang Yijie , Yip Tiffany 
Published: October 2019

Using a daily diary design and actigraphy sleep data across 2 weeks among 256 ethnic/racial minority adolescents (Mage = 14.72; 40% Asian, 22% Black, 38% Latinx; 2,607 days), this study investigated how previous‐night sleep (duration, quality) moderated the same‐day associations between ethnic/racial discrimination and stress responses (rumination, problem solving, family/peer support seeking) to predict daily well‐being (mood, somatic symptoms, life satisfaction). On days when adolescents experienced greater discrimination, if they slept longer and better the previous night, adolescents engaged in greater active coping (problem solving, peer support seeking), and subsequently had better well‐being. Adolescents also ruminated less when they slept longer the previous night regardless of discrimination. Findings highlight the role of sleep in helping adolescents navigate discrimination by facilitating coping processes.
A phase 2 study to evaluate the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of DP2 antagonist GB001 and to explore biomarkers of airway inflammation in mild‐to‐moderate asthma
Authors: Ortega Hector , Fitzgerald Mary , Raghupathi Kartik , Tompkins Cindy‐ann , Shen Jinshan , Dittrich Karen , Pattwell Caroline , Singh Dave 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGB001 is an oral antagonist of the prostaglandin D2 receptor that may inhibit recruitment and activation of airway eosinophils, reducing airway inflammation.ObjectiveTo assess GB001 safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics from a Phase 2 study and explore the association between type 2 biomarkers (fractional exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophils) and asthma control markers following GB001 administration.MethodsA randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study evaluating 36 patients with mild‐to‐moderate atopic asthma. Patients receiving fluticasone propionate ≤500 mcg/day or equivalent were randomized (2:1) to GB001 (30 mg) or placebo once daily for 28 days. Safety, pharmacokinetics, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, asthma control questionnaire and rescue medication use were assessed. Clinical outcomes were analysed post hoc by baseline fractional exhaled nitric oxide (<35 and ≥35 ppb) and blood eosinophil (<250 and ≥250 cells/µL) subgroups.ResultsGB001 was well tolerated and rapidly absorbed with a 14.5‐hour terminal half‐life. Overall, GB001 demonstrated greater improvement relative to placebo in forced expiratory volume in 1 second at Day 28 (102 mL [95% CI: −110, 314]). Greater effects on forced expiratory volume in 1 second were observed in the high baseline fractional exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophil subgroups (207 mL [95% CI: −283, 698];133 mL [95% CI: −422, 687], respectively). These effects were observed as early as Day 2 (229 mL [95% CI: −170, 628]; 163 mL [95% CI: −223, 550] for the high baseline fractional exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophil subgroups, respectively) and were sustained through treatment completion.Conclusion and clinical relevanceGB001 was well tolerated, with the estimated half‐life supporting once‐daily (QD) dosing. GB001 may have a rapid and sustained effect on lung function, particularly in patients with type 2 phenotype. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Neutrophil proteases degrade autoepitopes of NET-associated proteins
Authors: de Bont C M , Eerden N , Boelens W C , Pruijn G J M 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Neutrophils can form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to capture microbes and facilitate their clearance. NETs consist of decondensed chromatin decorated with anti-microbial proteins. Here, we describe the effect of neutrophil proteases on the protein content of NETs. We show that the neutrophil serine proteases degrade several neutrophil proteins associated with NETs. Interestingly, the anti-bacterial proteins associated with NETs, such as myeloperoxidase, calgranulin B and neutrophil elastase (NE), seem to be less susceptible to proteolytic degradation than other NET proteins, such as actin and MNDA. NETs have been proposed to play a role in autoimmune reactions. Our data demonstrate that a large number of the autoepitopes of NET proteins that are recognized by autoantibodies produced by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are also removed by the proteases. In conclusion, neutrophil serine proteases have a major impact on the NET proteome and the proteolytic changes of NET-associated proteins may counteract autoimmune reactions to NET components.
Mothering and everyday life during and in the aftermath of domestic violence among women with immigrant backgrounds in Norway
Authors: Hauge Mona‐Iren , Kiamanesh Parvin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on how immigrant women experience and negotiate their everyday life with children prior to and after leaving a violent partner. Twenty‐three women staying at domestic violence and abuse shelters with their children were interviewed about their experiences with assistance services and their everyday life with their children. At the time of the interviews, most of the women were legally separated or divorced and were either living in or in touch daily with shelters. In this paper, we look at some of the challenges that women face when exposed to violence in a relationship that involves children. Being exposed to violence from a partner raises a number of economic, practical, and emotional concerns, both prior to and after leaving. For the mothers in our study, maintaining a regular routine is key to making the children feel safe in an unpredictable setting. For many, economic dependence on the partner is replaced with economic dependence on assistance services after leaving the partner. Services must recognize that providing help to mothers who have left a violent partner constitutes more than just practical support but is crucial for mothers' ability to re‐establish a predictable everyday life with their children.
Impact of insurance on survival in patients < 65 with head & neck cancer treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Sittig Mark P. , Luu Michael , Yoshida Emi J. , Scher Kevin , Mita Alain , Shiao Stephen L. , Lu Diana J. , Mallen‐St. Clair Jon , Ho Allen S. , Zumsteg Zachary S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe United States has a heterogenous health insurance landscape for patients <65 years. We sought to characterise the impact of primary payer on overall survival (OS) in insured patients younger than 65 with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with definitive radiotherapy.Design/Study/ParticipantsThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients <65 years old diagnosed from 2004 to 2014 undergoing definitive radiotherapy ± chemotherapy for cancers of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. Uninsured patients and oropharyngeal cancers without known HPV status were excluded.Main outcomeOverall survival.ResultsOverall, 27 292 insured patients were identified, including 17 060 (62.5%) with private insurance. Median follow‐up was 52.1 months. In multivariable models, patients receiving Medicaid (HR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.57‐1.75,P < .001), Medicare (HR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.55‐1.73,P < .001) and other government insurance (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.29‐1.,P < .001) had independently increased mortality in comparison to those with private insurance. In propensity score‐matched cohorts, 5‐year OS was 65.5% vs 50.6% for privately vs government‐insured patients, respectively (P < .001). In multivariable subgroup analysis, private insurance was associated with improved survival in all subgroups. However, the magnitude of this effect was most pronounced in patients with HPV‐positive oropharyngeal cancer vs non‐HPV‐related cancer (interactionP < .001), younger patients (interactionP = .001), and those without comorbidity (interactionP < .001).ConclusionsPatients <65 with HNSCC undergoing definitive radiation with private health insurance have markedly longer survival relative to patients with government‐sponsored insurance. This illustrates that increasing access to care may be necessary, but is not sufficient, to mitigate the significant disparities in the US healthcare system.
A simple technique for bedside estimation of left atrial pressure
Authors: Pressman Gregg S. , Ranjan Rupesh , Olex Stephen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDistinguishing cardiac from noncardiac causes of dyspnea is clinically important, and a reliable noninvasive measure of left atrial pressure (LAP) is needed. Subtracting the peak systolic gradient between left ventricle (LV) and left atrium (LA) from the central systolic blood pressure (BP) should provide this measure. Using a commercially available blood pressure system incorporating applanation tonometry and bedside echocardiography, we tested this hypothesis in a broad spectrum of patients.MethodsA total of 75 stable patients, scheduled for right heart catheterization for any reason, were included. Central systolic pressure was measured by a Sphygmocor® tonometry system; peak LV‐LA gradient was calculated as 4*(peak mitral regurgitation (MR) velocity)2. Microbubble contrast was used as needed to augment the MR signal. LAP estimates using central BP were compared with wedge pressure as were LAP estimates using brachial BP.ResultsLeft atrial pressure estimates using central BP showed a good correlation with wedge pressure (r2 = 0.774, P < .0001) while estimates using brachial systolic BP did not (r2 = 0.157, P = .0006). Using central BP, correlations between LAP and wedge were similar among groups with varying degrees of MR and normal vs reduced ejection fraction.ConclusionsThe use of central systolic BP and peak LV‐LA gradient by bedside echocardiography holds promise as a noninvasive measure of LAP. Our results are similar to those provided using current guidelines for echocardiographic estimation of LAP. Increased precision in the measurement of LV‐LA gradient would improve the accuracy of this new technique.
Plasma levels of the cardiovascular protective endogenous nucleoside adenosine are reduced in patients with primary aldosteronism without affecting ischaemia‐reperfusion injury: A prospective case‐control study
Authors: van den Berg T. N. A. (Daniëlle) , Thijssen Dick H. J. , van Mil Anke C. C. M. , van den Broek Petra H. , Rongen Gerard A. , Monajemi Houshang , Deinum Jaap , Riksen Niels P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with primary aldosteronism (PA) experience more cardiovascular events compared to patients with essential hypertension (EHT), independent from blood pressure levels. In animals, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists limit ischaemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury by increasing extracellular adenosine formation and adenosine receptor stimulation. Adenosine is an endogenous compound with profound cardiovascular protective effects. Firstly, we hypothesized that patients with PA have lower circulating adenosine levels which might contribute to the observed increased cardiovascular risk. Secondly, we hypothesized that by this mechanism, patients with PA are more susceptible to IR compared to patients with EHT.DesignIn our prospective study in 20 patients with PA and 20 patients with EHT, circulating adenosine was measured using a pharmacological blocker solution that halts adenosine metabolism after blood drawing. Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) before and after forearm IR was used as a well‐established method to study IR injury.ResultsPatients with PA had a 33% lower adenosine level compared to patients with EHT (15.3 [13.3‐20.4] vs 22.7 [19.4‐36.8] nmol/L, respectively, P < .01). The reduction in FMD after IR, however, did not differ between patients with PA and patients with EHT (−1.0 ± 2.9% vs −1.6 ± 1.6%, respectively, P = .52).ConclusionsAs adenosine receptor stimulation induces various powerful protective cardiovascular effects, its lower concentration in patients with PA might be an important novel mechanism that contributes to their increased cardiovascular risk. We suggest that modulation of the adenosine metabolism is an exciting novel pharmacological opportunity to limit cardiovascular risk in patients with PA that needs further exploration.
Impact of active smoking on the immature platelet fraction and its relationship with the extent of coronary artery disease
Authors: Nardin Matteo , Verdoia Monica , Negro Federica , Rolla Roberta , Tonon Francesco , De Luca Giuseppe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionSmoking represents a major cardiovascular risk factor, due to the induction of oxidative stress and low‐grade, continuous, inflammation that contribute to promote atherothrombosis. However, the mechanisms leading to increased platelet aggregability associated with smoking are only partially defined. A potential role has been hypothesized for immature platelets, a younger and potentially more reactive fraction, previously associated with the main determinants of coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore, the aim of our study was to define the impact of smoking on the immature platelet fraction (IPF) and its relationship with prevalence and extent of coronary artery disease.MethodsWe enrolled a cohort of consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography in a single centre. Significant CAD was defined as at least 1 vessel stenosis >50%, while severe CAD was defined as left main and/or three‐vessel disease. IPF was measured at admission by routine blood cell count (Sysmex XE‐2100).ResultsWe included in our study 2553 patients who were divided according to smoking status (active smokers: 512; nonactive smokers: 2041). Smokers were younger, more frequent males, with lower rate of diabetes mellitus, previous PCI and previous CABG (P < .001, respectively) and were in treatment less often with ARB, BB, nitrates, statins, ASA, clopidogrel, CCB and diuretics (P < .001, respectively) as compared to nonactive smokers. Higher percentage of smokers was observed in patients with higher IPF values, and at multivariate analysis, active smoking resulted as an independent predictor of higher IPF (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.59[1.03‐2.45], P = .035). Among smokers, higher IPF was associated with lower ejection fraction (P = .034), percentage of acute coronary syndrome (P = .002) and platelet count (P < .001) compared to ones with lower IPF. However, the IPF (according to quartiles values) was not associated with the prevalence and extent of CAD (82.5%, 80.4%, 86.1% and 80.9%, from 1st to 4th quartile, respectively, adjusted OR[95% CI] = 0.98[0.79‐1.23], P = .89) and severe CAD (31%, 31.1%, 39.1% and 35.2%, from 1st to 4th quartile, respectively, adjusted OR[95% CI] = 1.03[0.86‐1.23], P = .76).ConclusionThe present study shows an independent association between active smoking and the levels of immature platelet fraction in patients undergoing coronary angiography. However, among active smokers, IPF did not result as an independent predictor of CAD or severe CAD.
Urbanisation affects the diet and feeding selectivity of the invasive guppy Poecilia reticulata
Authors: Ganassin Maria J. M. , Frota Augusto , Muniz Carolina M. , Baumgartner Matheus T. , Hahn Norma S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe process of urbanisation is increasing the frequency and magnitude of fluctuations in the availability of food resources for fish. In this study, we investigated whether the diet and prey selected by the guppy Poecilia reticulata reflect the different levels of urbanisation using the total area of impervious surface soil as the metric. Rural streams (low percentage of urbanisation—LPU) and urban streams (high percentage of urbanisation—HPU) were sampled during both the rainy and dry seasons. The hypothesis tested was that the diet and selective behaviour differ spatially and seasonally between LPU and HPU streams. Among the analysed items, seasonal significant differences were only observed in HPU streams. In LPU streams, the trophic spectrum was wider, and a higher diversity of prey was selected. In HPU streams, the diet richness was lower with a dominance of Chironomidae, and there was also less variability in selected prey. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were always avoided, but Coleoptera were avoided only in LPU, while Oligochaeta were avoided in HPU streams. Thus, the diet and prey selected by P. reticulata were different between LPU and HPU streams, and this species has potential to compete for food with the native fauna in a wide variety of environmental conditions and available resources. Therefore, this dietary flexibility probably offers competitive advantages when colonising and establishing in a new habitat.
Prevalence of equine ulcerative keratomycosis in Colorado and association of environmental factors: A retrospective and descriptive study (2002–2017)
Authors: Martabano B. B. , de Linde Henriksen M. , Powell C. C. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryEquine ulcerative keratomycosis is relatively commonly presented to teaching hospitals in North America, with a prevalence from 24 to 86%. Horses in Colorado may have lower risk due to the dry mountain climate, but data are lacking. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ulcerative keratomycosis amongst horses with ulcerative keratitis presented to Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CSU‐VTH) ophthalmology service and to evaluate environmental factors (season, temperature, humidity, wind speed and elevation) associated with ulcerative keratomycosis in Colorado. A database search identified horses with ulcerative keratitis presented to the ophthalmology service at CSU‐VTH from January 2002 to August 2017. Sixty‐one horses met the inclusion criteria of a corneal cytology and/or culture or histopathology at the time of diagnosis; cases lacking that were excluded. Environmental factors at the boarding sites, including season, temperature, humidity, wind speed and elevation and clinical outcomes for fungal cases, were recorded. Prevalence of fungal infection amongst equine ulcerative keratitis was 16.4% (10/61), suggesting that CSU‐VTH has considerably fewer ulcerative keratomycosis cases than other veterinary teaching hospitals in North America. Spring (50%, 5/10) and fall (40%, 4/10) had the highest prevalence of fungal ulcerative keratitis in Colorado. Only one case was reported in summer (10%, 1/10); no horses were positive (0%, 0/10) in winter. Only wind speed seemed to influence the development of ulcerative keratomycosis with higher wind speeds associated with greater rates of fungal involvement (P = 0.047). Other environmental factors did not show a detectable association (all P‐values >0.05). Outcomes were variable. It was concluded that horses from the area of CSU‐VTH appear to be at lower risk for ulcerative keratomycosis than from the areas around other North American veterinary teaching hospitals that have reported data. Most horses with keratomycosis in this area present in the spring and fall.
Neuropeptide‐S‐receptor deficiency affects sex‐specific modulation of safety learning by pre‐exposure to electric stimuli
Authors: Kreutzmann Judith C. , Khalil Radwa , Köhler Jana C. , Mayer Dana , Florido Antonio , Nadal Roser , Andero Raül , Fendt Markus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNeuropeptide S (NPS) is a neuropeptide involved in the regulation of fear. Because safety learning is impaired in patients suffering from anxiety‐related psychiatric disorders, and polymorphisms of the human neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) gene have also been associated with anxiety disorders, we wanted to investigate whether NPSR‐deficiency interferes with safety learning, and how prior stress would affect this type of learning. We first investigated the effect of pre‐exposure to two different types of stressors (electric stimuli or immobilization) on safety learning in female and male C57Bl/6 mice, and found that while stress induced by electric stimuli enhanced safety learning in males, there were no differences in safety learning following immobilization stress. To further investigate the role of the NPS system in stress‐induced modulation of safety learning, we exposed NPSR‐deficient mice to stress induced by electric stimuli 10 days before safety learning. In nonstressed male mice, NPSR‐deficiency enhanced safety learning. As in male C57Bl/6 mice, pre‐exposure to electric stimuli increased safety learning in male NPSR +/+ mice. This pre‐exposure effect was blocked in NPSR‐deficient male mice showing impaired, but still intact, safety learning in comparison to their NPSR +/+ and NPSR +/− littermates. There was neither a pre‐exposure nor a genotype effect in female mice. Our findings provide evidence that pre‐exposure to stress induced by electric stimuli enhances safety learning in male mice, and that NPSR‐deficiency prevents the beneficial effect of stress exposure on safety learning. We propose an inverted U‐shape relationship between stress and safety learning.
CD133 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule expressions in the cholangiocarcinoma component are prognostic factors for combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wakizaka Kazuki , Yokoo Hideki , Kamiyama Toshiya , Kakisaka Tatsuhiko , Ohira Masafumi , Tani Michio , Kato Koichi , Fujii Yuki , Sugiyama Ko , Nagatsu Akihisa , Shimada Shingo , Orimo Tatsuya , Kamachi Hirofumi , Matsuoka Ryosuke , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: October 2019

AimA new classification of combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) was recently reported. Cancer stem cells have been associated with CHC carcinogenesis. This study examined the association of cancer stem cell marker expression and prognosis in CHC classified using the new classification.MethodsWe enrolled 26 CHC patients and classified them according to the new classification. We evaluated the expression of cancer stem cell markers (CD56, CD133, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM]) by immunohistochemical staining in each component. We analyzed the association between expressions and prognosis.ResultsSeven cases were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) (cHCC‐CCA), 12 were HCC and intermediate cell carcinoma (HCC‐INT), and seven were intermediate cell carcinoma (INT). The CD133‐positive rate tended to be higher in the CCA (42.9%) and INT component (50.0%) than the HCC component (14.3%) in cHCC‐CCA. In HCC‐INT, the CD133‐positive rate in the INT component (83.3%) was significantly higher than the HCC component (8.3%; P = 0.001). For EpCAM, the positive rate in the CCA component (71.4%) and INT component (50.0%) tended to be higher than the HCC component (14.3%) in cHCC‐CCA. Overall survival and disease‐free survival were significantly worse in cases with CD133‐positive (P = 0.048 and P = 0.048, respectively) or EpCAM‐positive (P = 0.041 and P = 0.041, respectively) CCA component in cHCC‐CCA.ConclusionsINT and CCA components showed higher expression rates of cancer stem cell markers than the HCC component. CD133 or EpCAM expression in the CCA component was associated with poor prognosis in cHCC‐CCA.