bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid-19 and Neuro-Behavioral Economics: A Conceptual Framework to Improve Physical and Mental Health among Remote Workers
Authors: Dongarwar Deepa , Yusuf Korede K. , Maiyegun Sitratullah O. , Ibrahimi Sahra , Ikedionwu Chioma , Salihu Hamisu M. 
Published: September 2020

Long-term home confinement during the ongoing COVID-19 can have negative mental and physical health consequences, which in turn can reduce productivity among those working remotely. We sought to delineate factors related to neuro-behavioral economics that employers should consider for their employees who are teleworking during the current Covid-19 pandemic. Physical and mental well-being are intertwined and are strongly correlated to high productivity at workplace. By integrating the factors of neuro-behavioral economics into the work culture, companies will alleviate work-related stress leading to improved mental and physical functioning; thus leading to increased productivity.
Key words: • Neuro-behavioral economics • COVID-19 • Teleworking • Mental health

Copyright © 2020 Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
Laboratory Evaluation of Static and Dynamic Sag in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids
Authors: Ofei Titus Ntow , Kalaga Dinesh Venkata , Lund Bjørnar , Saasen Arild , Linga Harald , Sangesland Sigbjørn , Gyland Knud Richard , Kawaji Masahiro 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we present the results of barite sag measurements before and after hot-rolled oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) using different approaches for characterization. We characterized the barite sag of a liquid column under static condition using light-scattering (LS) measurements, hydrostatic pressure measurements, and gamma densitometry. Under the dynamic condition, we used a rheometer with a grooved bob-in-cup measuring system to characterize barite sag in rotational and oscillatory shear conditions. Extensive rheological characterization of the drilling fluid samples, before hot rolling (BHR) and after hot rolling (AHR), is carried out. It is found that barite sag decreased in hot-rolled fluid samples from the LS, rotational, and oscillatory shear measurements. The rheological characterization of the fluid samples showed that heat-activated chemicals in the hot-rolled fluid sample increased the viscosity and elasticity, which contributed to lower barite sag and longer suspension of particles than BHR. Both hydrostatic and gamma densitometry measurements reveal more or less uniform compaction of barite particles in the fluid sample below the liquid layer. Time-dependent oscillatory shear measurements provide new insights on the structural character of drilling fluids to predict barite sag tendencies during the fluid design phase.
Well Placement and Control Optimization of Horizontal Steamflooding Wells Using Derivative-Free Algorithms
Authors: Han Xiaodong , Zhong Liguo , Wang Xiang , Liu Yigang , Wang Hongyu 
Published: September 2020

Summary
The determination of optimal well locations and well controls in the horizontal-well steamflooding of heavy-oil reservoirs is a meaningful but also challenging task for the complex well types and complicated mechanisms. In this paper, a framework that combines optimization algorithms and the reservoir simulator together is proposed to solve this problem. Two typical algorithms, particle-swarm optimization (PSO) and mesh adaptive direct search (MADS), are both used to study their performance on well-placement optimization, well-control optimization, and the joint optimization of these two aspects. For the joint-optimization problem, both the simultaneous approach and sequential approach are considered. A net-present-value (NPV) formula for evaluation of the steamflooding project is proposed, and optimization runs are conducted for an offshore heavy-oil reservoir by maximizing the NPV of the horizontal steamflooding pilot. The results show that both the PSO and MADS were effective for well-placement/control optimization of the horizontal steamflooding wells. The NPVs were greatly improved throughout the optimization process. The control frequency has great influence on the optimal NPV. Intermittent steamflooding might be a better choice than continuous steamflooding. The steam-injection rate and oil-production rates need to be controlled and decreased at the latter stage for mitigating steam channeling and an ineffective steam cycle between injection and production wells. For the joint-optimization problem, the simultaneous procedure finds the best solution for a case with smaller variable numbers and the sequential procedure performs better for a case with larger variable numbers. The PSO algorithm performs better than the MADS algorithm for more complex problems with larger variable numbers in both the simultaneous and sequential procedures. The sequential procedure is worth considering in practice for problems with large scale and a limited computational budget.
Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 and assessment of risks of infection by SARS-CoV-2 among the Bangladeshi population: An online cross sectional survey
Authors: Haque Tasnima , Hossain Khondoker Moazzem , Bhuiyan Md. Monzur Rahman , Ananna Sadia Afreen , Hussain Md. Anower , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Ahmed Asif , Rahman Mohammad Mahmudur 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The COVID19 pandemic has been transmitted worldwide rapidly. The best ways of preventing this virus are to know about and act accordingly. An online cross sectional survey was conducted to know the knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID19 and to assess the risks of infections among Bangladeshi population. Among 2045 respondents, 54·87% respondents kept good knowledge. Knowledge was significantly diverged across age, gender, education levels, residences, income groups, and marital status. Despite the knowledge, the attitude and practices of Bangladeshi people are not impressive. Among population, 32·08%, and 44·30% people were in high, and in medium risk of infection respectively. Everybody is in risk. Reasons for the mediocre attitude and practices could be the poor knowledge, nonscientific and orthodox religious believe. Government and policy makers must consider these knowledge levels, attitude & practices and the risk of infection assessment to implement productive interventions for preventing the COVID19.
Norovirus GII.2[P16] Strain in Shenzhen, China: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Jing , Jin Miao , Zhang Hailong , Zhu Yanan , Yang Hong , Yao Xiangjie , Chen Long , Meng Jun , Hu Guifang , He Yaqing , Duan Zhaojun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Norovirus (NoV) is the main cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide. From September 2015 through August 2018, 203 NoV outbreaks involving 2,500 cases were reported to the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Methods: Faecal specimens for 203 outbreaks were collected and epidemiological data were obtained through the AGE outbreak surveillance system in Shenzhen. Genotypes were determined by sequencing analysis. To gain a better understanding of the evolutionary characteristics of NoV in Shenzhen, recombination events were analysed and molecular evolution was evaluated based on time-scale evolutionary phylogeny and amino acid mutations.Results: A total of nine counties reported NoV outbreaks and the reported NoV outbreaks peaked from November to March. Among the 203 NoV outbreaks, 150 were sequenced successfully. Most of these outbreaks were associated with the NoV GII.2[P16] strain (45.3%, 92/203) and occurred in school settings (91.6%, 186/203). The GII.2[P16] strain is a recombinant strain that is relatively stable. In these GII.2[P16] recombination strain outbreaks, the non-structural proteins of the recombination strain might have played a more significant role than VP1.Conclusions: This study illustrates the molecular epidemiological patterns in Shenzhen, China, from September 2015 to August 2018 and provides evidence that the GII.2[P16] strain was relatively stable and that epidemic trend has weakened.
Comparative study on indoor air quality variation while burning different firewood species in Gatlang, Rasuwa, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Anu , Parajuli Indira 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) from smoky cooking fires causes deaths over 22,800 per year being the fourth leading cause of death in Nepal. The study aims to compare the pollution level particularly Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) in different firewood species. Two households one with ICS and TCS is selected purposively to monitor the concentration of pollutants in Ward no. 3 of Gatlang, Rasuwa, Nepal. IAP Meter based on Laser Sensor principle is used to monitor real time concentration of PM 2.5 and CO.
24 hours mean concentration of PM 2.5 and 8 hours mean average concentrations of CO are found to be above the WHO and National Indoor Air Quality Guidelines i.e. For ICS using household the concentration is found to be 155.26 µg/m 3 and 9 ppm respectively and household using TCS is found to be 385.12 µg/m 3 and 12.2 ppm). Both pollutants’ concentration is found less in Abies Spectabilis than other species. Positive correlation is found in both households along with moisture content, amount of firewood used, etc. This result suggests the use of Abies Spectabilis as it emits less emission as compared to other species as it has less moisture content that reduces the concentration of air pollution.
Keywords : Carbon Monoxide 1 , Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) 2 , Indoor Air Pollution 3
Physicochemical, Mineralogy, and Thermo-Kinetic Characterisation of Newly Discovered Nigerian Coals under Pyrolysis and Combustion Conditions
Authors: Nyakuma Bemgba Bevan , Jauro Aliyu , Akinyemi Segun Ajayi , Faizal Hasan Mohd , Nasirudeen Mohammed Baba , Fuad Muhammad Ariff Hanaffi Mohd , Oladokun Olagoke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical, microstructural, mineralogical, thermal, and kinetic properties of three (3) newly discovered coals from Akunza (AKZ), Ome (OME), and Shiga (SHG) in Nigeria were examined for potential energy recovery. Physicochemical analysis revealed high combustible but low levels of polluting elements. The higher heating values (HHV) ranged from 18.65 MJ/kg (AKZ) to 26.59 MJ/kg (SHG). Microstructure and mineralogical analyses revealed particles with a rough texture, surfaces, and glassy lustre, which could be ascribed to metals, quartz, and kaolinite minerals. The major elements (C, O, Si, and Al), along with minor elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, S, and Ti) detected are associated with clays, salts, or the porphyrin constituents of coal. Thermal analysis showed mass loss (ML) ranges from 30.51% – 87.57% and residual mass (RM) from 12.44% – 69.49% under combustion (oxidative) and pyrolysis (non-oxidative) TGA conditions due to thermal degradation of organic matter, vitrinite, inertinite and liptinite macerals. Kinetic analysis revealed that the coal samples are highly reactive under the non-isothermal oxidative and non-oxidative conditions based on the Coats-Redfern Model. The activation energy (Ea) ranged from 23.81 kJ/mol – 89.56 kJ/mol whereas the pre-exponential factor (ko) ranged from 6.77×10 -04 min -1 – 1.72×10 03 min -1 under pyrolysis and combustion conditions. In conclusion, the coals are practical feedstocks for either industrial applications or energy recovery.
Triple null mutations in starch synthase SSIIa gene homoeologs lead to high amylose and resistant starch in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Schoen Adam , Joshi Anupama , Tiwari Vijay K , Gill Bikram S. , Rawat Nidhi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Lack of nutritionally appropriate foods is one of the leading causes of obesity in the US and worldwide. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) provides 20% of the calories consumed daily across the globe. The nutrients in the wheat grain come primarily from the starch composed of amylose and amylopectin. Resistant starch content, which is known to have significant human health benefits, can be increased by modifying starch synthesis pathways. Starch synthase enzyme SSIIa, also known as starch granule protein isoform-1 (SGP-1), is integral to the biosynthesis of the branched and readily digestible glucose polymer amylopectin. The goal of this work was to develop a triple null mutant genotype for SSIIa locus in the elite hard red winter wheat variety ‘Jagger’ and evaluate the effect of the knock-out mutations on resistant starch content in grains with respect to wild type. Results: Knock-out mutations in SSIIa in the three genomes of wheat variety ‘Jagger’ were identified using TILLING. Subsequently, these loss-of function mutations on A, B, and D genomes were combined by crossing to generate a triple knockout mutant genotype Jag-ssiia-∆ABD. The Jag-ssiia-∆ABD had an amylose content of 35.70% compared to 31.15% in Jagger, leading to ~118% increase in resistant starch in the Jag-ssiia-∆ABD genotype of Jagger wheat. The single individual genome mutations also had various effects on starch composition. Conclusions: Our full null Jag-ssiia-∆ABD mutant showed a significant increase in RS without the shriveled grain phenotype seen in other ssiia knockouts in elite wheat cultivars. Moreover, this study shows the potential for developing nutritionally improved foods in a non-GM approach. Since all the mutants have been developed in an elite wheat cultivar, their adoption in production and supply will be feasible in future.
Association of diurnal temperature range with daily hospitalization for exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases in 21 cities, China
Authors: Wang Zihui , Zhou Yumin , Luo Ming , Yang Huajing , Xiao Shan , Huang Xiaoliang , Ou Yubo , Zhang Yongbo , Duan Xianzhong , Hu Wei , Liao Chenghao , Zheng Yijia , Wang Long , Xie Min , Tang Longhui , Zheng Jinzhen , Liu Sha , Wu Fan , Deng Zhishan , Tian Heshen , Peng Jieqi , Wang Xinwang , Zhong Nanshan , Ran Pixin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The association between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and hospitalization for exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) was rarely reported. Objectives: To examine the association between DTR and daily hospital admission for exacerbations of CRD and find out the potential effect of modifications on this association.Method: Data on daily hospitalization for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and bronchiectasis and meteorology measures from 2013 through 2017 were obtained from 21 cities in South China. After controlling the effects of daily mean temperature, relative humidity (RH), particulate matter < 2.5 µm diameter (PM2.5) and other confounding factors, a standard generalized additive model (GAM) with a quasi-Poisson distribution was performed to evaluate the relationships between DTR and daily hospital admissions of CRD in a two-stage strategy. Subgroup analysis was performed to find potential modifications, including seasonality and population characteristics.Result: Elevated risk of hospitalization for exacerbation of CRD (RR=1.09 [95%CI: 1.08 to 1.11]) was associated with interquartile range (IQR)the increase in DTR (the 75th percentile versus the 25th percentile of DTR at lag0-6). The effects of DTR on hospital admissions for CRD were strong at low DTR in the hot season and high DTR in the cold season. The relative risk (RR (the 75th percentile versus the 25th percentile of DTR at lag0-6)) of hospitalization was 1.11 (95%CI: 1.08 to 1.12) for exacerbations of COPD and 1.09 (95%CI: 1.05 to 1.13) for asthma per IQR increase in DTR. The adverse effect of DTR on hospitalization for bronchiectasis was only observed in female patients (RR=1.06 [95%CI: 1.03 to 1.10]). Conclusion: Our study provided additional evidence for the association between DTR and daily hospitalization for exacerbation of CRD, and these associations are especially stronger in COPD patients and in the cold season than the hot season. Preventive measures to reduce the adverse impacts of DTR were needed for CRD patients.
Pineal gland transcriptomic profiling reveals the differential regulation of lncRNA and mRNA related to prolificacy in STH sheep with two FecB genotypes
Authors: Li Chunyan , He Xiaoyun , Zhang Zijun , Ren Chunhuan , Chu Mingxing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has been identified as important regulator in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis associated with sheep prolificacy. However, there is little report about lncRNA in pineal gland of sheep. Herein, RNA-Seq was used to detect transcriptome expression pattern in pineal gland between follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (LP) in FecBBB (MM) and FecB++ (ww) STH sheep, respectively, and differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with reproduction were identified.Results: Overall, 135 DE lncRNAs and 1,360 DE mRNAs in pineal gland between MM and ww sheep were screened. Wherein, 39 DE lncRNAs and 764 DE mRNAs were identified (FP vs LP) in MM sheep, 96 DE lncRNAs and 596 DE mRNAs were identified (FP vs LP) in ww sheep. Moreover, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the targets of DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were annotated to multiple biological processes such as phototransduction, circadian rhythm, melanogenesis, GSH metabolism and steroid biosynthesis, which directly or indirectly participate in hormone activities to affect sheep reproductive performance. Additionally, co-expression of lncRNAs-mRNAs and the network construction were performed based on correlation analysis, DE lncRNAs can modulate target genes involved in related pathways to affect sheep fecundity. Specifically, like XLOC_466330, XLOC_532771, XLOC_028449 targeting RRM2B and GSTK1, XLOC_391199 targeting STMN1, XLOC_503926 targeting RAG2, XLOC_187711 targeting DLG4 were included.Conclusion: All of these differential lncRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in pineal gland provide a novel resource for elucidating regulatory mechanism underlying STH sheep prolificacy.
Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) use in modelling disease progression in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: an analysis from the EUSTAR database
Authors: Allanore Yannick , Bozzi Sylvie , Terlinden Augustin , Huscher Doerte , Amand Caroline , Soubrane Christina , Siegert Elise , Czirjak Laszlo , Carreira Patricia E , Hachulla Eric , Zanatta Elisabetta , Li Mengtao , Airò Palo , Mendoza Fabian A , Rosato Edoardo , Distler Oliver 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) have a poor prognosis. The importance of monitoring subjective measures of functioning and disability, such as the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), is important as dcSSc is rated by patients as worse than diabetes or hemodialysis for quality of life impairment. This European Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) database analysis was undertaken to examine the importance of impaired functionality in dcSSc prognosis. The primary objectives were to identify predictors of death and HAQ-DI score progression over 1 year. HAQ-DI score, major advanced organ involvement, and death rate were also used to develop a comprehensive model to predict lifetime dcSSc progression. Methods: This was an observational, longitudinal study in patients with dcSSc registered in EUSTAR. Death and HAQ-DI scores were, respectively, analyzed by Cox regression and linear regression analyses in relation to baseline covariates. A microsimulation Markov model was developed to estimate/predict natural progression of dcSSc over a patient’s lifetime.Results: The analysis included dcSSc patients with (N = 690) and without (N = 4132) HAQ-DI score assessments from the EUSTAR database. Baseline HAQ-DI score, corticosteroid treatment and major advanced organ involvement were predictive of death on multivariable analysis; a 1-point increase in baseline HAQ-DI score multiplied the risk of death by 2.7 (p < 0.001) and multiple advanced major organ involvement multiplied the risk of death by 2.8 (p < 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that baseline modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) and baseline HAQ-DI score were associated with HAQ-DI score progression at 1 year (p < 0.05), but there was no association between baseline organ involvement and HAQ-DI score progression at 1 year. HAQ-DI score, major advanced organ involvement, and death were successfully used to model long-term disease progression in dcSSc.Conclusions: HAQ-DI score and major advanced organ involvement were comparable predictors of mortality risk in dcSSc. Baseline mRSS and baseline HAQ-DI score were predictive of HAQ-DI score progression at 1 year, indicating a correlation between these endpoints in monitoring disease progression. It is hoped that this EUSTAR analysis may change physician perception about the importance of the HAQ-DI score in dcSSc.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Unilateral Laminotomy and Bilateral Decompression under 3D Real-Time Image-Guided Navigation for Spinal Stenosis in Degenerative Lumbar Kyphoscoliosis Patient: An Innovative Preliminary Study
Authors: Ho Tsung-Yu , Lin Chung-Wei , Chang Chien-Chun , Chen Hsien-Te , Chen Yen-Jen , Lo Yuan-Shun , Hsiao Pan-Hsuan , Chen Po-Chen , Lin Chih-Sheng , Tsou Hsi-Kai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to introduce a new method of percutaneous endoscopic decompression under 3D real-time image-guided navigation for spinal stenosis in degenerative kyphoscoliosis patients without instability or those who with multiple comorbidities. Decompression alone using endoscope for kyphoscoliosis patient is technical demanding and may result in unnecessary bone destruction leading to further instability. The O-arm/StealthStation system is popular for its ability to provide automated registration with intraoperative, postpositioning computed tomography (CT) with no radiation exposure to operative staffs.Methods: In this study, we presented four cases. All patients were over seventy years old female with variable degrees of kyphoscoliosis and multiple comorbidities who could not endure major spine fusion surgery. Percutaneous endoscopic unilateral laminotomy and bilateral decompression under 3D real-time image-guided navigation were successfully performed. Patients’ demographics, image study parameters, and outcome measurements including pre- and post-operative serial Visual analog scale (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were well documented. The follow-up time was one year.Results: Pre- and post-operative MRI showed average dural sac cross sectional area (DSCSA) improved from 81.62 (range 67.34-89.07) to 153.27 (range 127.96-189.73). Preoperative neurological symptoms including radicular leg pain improved postoperatively. The mean ODI (%) were 85 (range 82.5-90) at initial visit, 35.875 (range 25-51) at 1 month post-operatively, 26.875 (range 22.5-35) at 6 months post-operatively and 22.5 (range 17.5-30) at 12 months post-operatively (p <0.05). The mean VAS score were 9 (range 8-10) at initial visit, 2.25 (range 2-3) at 1 month post-operatively, 1.75 (range 1-2) at 6 months post-operatively and 0.25 (range 0-1) at 12 months post-operatively (p <0.05). There was no surgery-related complication.Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first preliminary study of percutaneous endoscopic laminotomy under O-arm navigation with successful outcomes. The innovative technique may serve as a promising solution in treating spinal stenosis patients with lumbar kyphoscoliosis and multiple comorbidities.