bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous analysis of swirl spray dynamics using a telecentric shadowgraphy system
Authors: Machado Danilo A , Costa Fernando S , Dias Gabriel S , Mota Fábio A S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pressure swirl injectors generate conical hollow sprays with a liquid film adjacent to the exit nozzle. This paper describes macroscopic and microscopic parameters of sprays and disturbances of the liquid films formed by dual pressure swirl injectors, utilizing a telecentric shadowgraphy optical system. High-speed images with kHz frequencies were used for the simultaneous measurement of spray cone angles, breakup lengths, mean droplet velocities and wave amplitude ratios. Two injectors were tested with inner nozzles having Abramovich geometric constants K
int = 2 and 2.125 and external nozzles with geometric constants K
ext = 2.9 and 1.9792, respectively. Water was used as test fluid and the injection pressures were varied from 0.05 to 0.5 MPa. Simultaneous data from the same set of images allowed the calculation of the maximum surface wave growth rate. The results indicated that the maximum surface wave growth rate varies approximately linearly with the injection pressure. Measured maximum amplitude ratios of the conical liquid film disturbances varied in the range 2.32 <

ln
⁡
(

η

bu

/

η
0

)

< 4.61, relatively close to recent experimental data on conical liquid films, but significantly lower than the calculated values for planar liquid films. The maximum amplitude ratio is a crucial parameter to determine breakup lengths. A new semi-empirical equation is proposed to describe the disturbance ratios of conical liquid films of pressure swirl injectors.
Persistence of hyperbolic-type degenerate invariant tori with prescribed frequencies in reversible systems
Authors: Qu Ru , Xu Junxiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on the persistence of hyperbolic-type degenerate lower-dimensional invariant tori with prescribed frequencies in reversible systems. The proof is based on the stability analysis of minimal points of real analytic functions and the non-degeneracy brought by higher-order terms.
High fidelity simulations of the multi-species Vlasov equation in the electro-static, collisional-less limit
Authors: Wilhelm Rostislav-Paul , Eifert Jan , Torrilhon Manuel , Orland Fabian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The accurate prediction of occurrence and strength of kinetic instabilities in plasmas remains a significant challenge in nuclear fusion research. To accurately capture the plasma’s dynamics one is required to solve the Vlasov equation for several species which, however, comes with a number of challenges as high dimensionality of the model as well as turbulence and development of fine but relevant structures in the distribution function. The predominantly employed Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method often lacks the accuracy to resolve the dynamics correctly, which can only be remedied by going to higher resolutions but at a prohibitorily high cost due to the high-dimensionality. Thus in this work we discuss the usage of the numerical flow iteration (NuFI) as high fidelity approach, in contrast to e.g. PIC or grid-based approaches, to solve the multi-species Vlasov equation in modes leading to kinetic instabilities.
Micro-transfer printing of InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode on Si substrate
Authors: Alimi Yasaman , Guilhabert Benoit , Jevtics Dimitars , Sala Elisa M , Strain Michael J , Groom Kristian M , Heffernan Jon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report on the fabrication and micro-transfer printing (µ-TP) of InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes (APDs) onto silicon substrates. A process flow was developed to suspend the devices using semiconductor tethers. The developed process reduces the number of fabrication steps required compared to methods based on the use of photoresist tethers. Furthermore, our process is compatible with devices that may be susceptible to damage induced by the photoresist removal process. APDs were characterised in linear mode operation both before suspension and after printing. Despite the additional fabrication steps required to suspend the APD membranes and the physical nature of the µ-TP process, the electrical characteristics of the devices were preserved. No degradation in the optical performance of the devices was measured. Our work represents the first demonstration of µ-TP of InGaAs/InP APDs onto silicon substrates. The results highlight the viability of µ-TP for effective heterogeneous integration of InGaAs/InP APDs with silicon photonic integrated circuits for optical and quantum communication and other light detection applications.
Influence of the AlN-sapphire template on the optical polarization and efficiency of AlGaN-based far-UVC micro LED arrays
Authors: Rass J , Hagedorn S , Cho H K , Kolbe T , Guttmann M , Breuer S , Ruschel J , Einfeldt S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Arrays of far-UVC micro light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on AlGaN and emitting at 233–235 nm have been fabricated on different types of AlN-sapphire templates and the optical polarization, output power, and efficiencies have been studied in dependence of the template technology and the mesa diameter of the micro-pixels. While LEDs fabricated on metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) AlN-sapphire templates show dominant TM polarized emission with a degree of polarization (DoP) of −0.2, LEDs on high temperature annealed AlN-sapphire templates show dominant TE polarized emission with a DoP of 0.2–0.3. The output power and external quantum efficiency increases with decreasing diameter of the slanted and reflective micro LED mesa. Peak output powers of 18 mW at 200 mA and peak external quantum efficiencies of up to 2.7% for mesa diameters of 1.5 µm on annealed templates were measured, corresponding to peak wall plug efficiencies of 1.7%, while conventional LEDs with large mesa areas on the same template showed maximum EQEs of 1.1%. The relative increase in output power by using the micro LED approach as compared to a conventional large area emitter is stronger for LEDs on MOVPE AlN templates than on annealed templates (about a factor of 3.7 vs. 2.3, respectively, at 50 mA) which is attributed to the polarization dependence of the light extraction.
Role of microstructure on flux expulsion of superconducting radio frequency cavities
Authors: Khanal B D , Balachandran S , Chetri S , Barron M , Mullinix R , Williams A , Xu P , Ingrole A , Lee P J , Ciovati G , Dhakal P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The trapped residual magnetic flux during the cool-down due to the incomplete Meissner state is a significant source of radio frequency losses in superconducting radio frequency cavities. Here, we clearly correlate the niobium microstructure in elliptical cavity geometry and flux expulsion behavior. In particular, a traditionally fabricated Nb cavity half-cell from an annealed poly-crystalline Nb sheet after an 800 ∘C heat treatment leads to a bi-modal microstructure that ties in with flux trapping and inefficient flux expulsion. This non-uniform microstructure is related to varying strain profiles along the cavity shape. A novel approach to prevent this non-uniform microstructure is presented by fabricating a 1.3 GHz single cell Nb cavity with a cold-worked sheet and subsequent heat treatment leading to better flux expulsion after 800 ∘C/3 h. Microstructural evolution by electron backscattered diffraction-orientation imaging microscopy on cavity cutouts, and flux pinning behavior by dc-magnetization on coupon samples confirms a reduction in flux pinning centers with increased heat treatment temperature. The heat treatment temperature-dependent mechanical properties and thermal conductivity are reported. The significant impact of cold work in this study demonstrates clear evidence for the importance of the microstructure required for high-performance superconducting cavities with reduced losses caused by magnetic flux trapping.
Extended new Painlevé integrable KdV–CBS equation: multiple shocks, lump, breathers, and other physical wave solutions
Authors: Alhejaili Weaam , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid , El-Tantawy Samir A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work, we construct a new evolutionary equation with multiple applications in fluids and engineering. We call it the extended (3+1)-dimensional KdV-CBS equation, an extension of the (3+1)-dimensional KdV-Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff (KdV-CBS) equation. We apply the Painlevé integrability test to examine the compatibility conditions of this new extended model before analyzing and solving it. Subsequently, we implement the simplified Hirota's method (SHM) to analyze this model, deriving multiple soliton/shock and lump solutions, as well as breather wave solutions, based on the derived dispersion relation, with the assistance of advanced computational programs like Maple and Mathematica. Furthermore, many other techniques, such as the Tanh method and different exponential formulas, will be used to derive different physical solutions that may simulate many nonlinear phenomena that arise in fluid or plasma physics.
Incorporation of chromium nanostructures into PVC interlayer to improve electrical features of Au/n-Si schottky diodes
Authors: Yükseltürk E , Tanrıkulu E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This work comprehensively examined the effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer and polyvinyl chloride-chromium (PVC:Cr) thin layers on the electronic characteristics of Au/n-Si (D0) sample. To achieve this, the configurations Au/PVC/n-Si (D1) and Au/PVC:Cr/n-Si (D2) were created. A detailed description of the PVC:Cr nanocomposite synthesis process was given. The Cr nanoparticles and PVC:Cr nanocomposite were analyzed using energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to determine the purity and surface morphology. Following the structural analysis, current–voltage (I-V) measurements were taken at a wide voltage range (±3 V), and several methodologies were applied to obtain and compare the major electronic variables of the created Schottky diodes. Experimental results show that PVC:Cr nanocomposite reduced ideality factor (n), surface states density (Nss), and series resistance (Rs) while increasing barrier height (BH) of the electric potential, shunt resistance (Rsh), and rectification rate (RR). It was found that the D2 sample’s RR was 89 times greater than the D0 sample’s. Furthermore, the surface state density (Nss) depending on the energy was determined using the n(V) and ΦB0(V) functions. Based on the ln(IR)-VR
0.5 profile in the reverse bias region, a Schottky emission (SE) transport mechanism was found to be effective for the D0 structure. On the other hand, the indicates that D1 and D2 structures exhibited the Poole–Frenkel emission (PFE) type.
The Companion Mass Distribution of Post Common Envelope Hot Subdwarf Binaries: Evidence for Boosted and Disrupted Magnetic Braking?
Authors: Blomberg Lisa , El-Badry Kareem , Breivik Katelyn , Caiazzo Ilaria , Nagarajan Pranav , Rodriguez Antonio , van Roestel Jan , Vanderbosch Zachary P. , Yamaguchi Natsuko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We measure the mass distribution of main-sequence (MS) companions to hot subdwarf B stars (sdBs) in post-common envelope binaries (PCEBs). We carried out a spectroscopic survey of 14 eclipsing systems (“HW Vir binaries”) with orbital periods of 3.8 < P
orb < 12 hr, resulting in a well-understood selection function and a near-complete sample of HW Vir binaries with G < 16. We constrain companion masses from the radial velocity curves of the sdB stars. The companion mass distribution peaks at M
MS ≈ 0.15 M
⊙ and drops off at M
MS > 0.2 M
⊙, with only two systems hosting companions above the fully convective limit. There is no correlation between P
orb and M
MS within the sample. A similar drop-off in the companion mass distribution of white dwarf (WD) + MS PCEBs has been attributed to disrupted magnetic braking (MB) below the fully convective limit. We compare the sdB companion mass distribution to predictions of binary evolution simulations with a range of MB laws. Because sdBs have short lifetimes compared to WDs, explaining the lack of higher-mass MS companions to sdBs with disrupted MB requires MB to be boosted by a factor of 20–100 relative to MB laws inferred from the rotation evolution of single stars. We speculate that such boosting may be a result of irradiation-driven enhancement of the MS stars’ winds. An alternative possibility is that common envelope evolution favors low-mass companions in short-period orbits, but the existence of massive WD companions to sdBs with similar periods disfavors this scenario.
Schottky anomaly of Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter spacetime*
Authors: Zhen 甄 Hai-Long 海龙 , Ma 马 Yu-Bo 宇波 , Li 李 Huai-Fan 怀繁 , Zhang 张 Li-Chun 丽春 , Du 杜 Yun-Zhi 云芝 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the extended thermodynamics of black holes, there exists a thermodynamical pressure whose dual thermodynamical quantity is volume. Extensive studies have been conducted on the phase structure of numerous black holes, demonstrating striking similarities to the phase structures of various ordinary matter systems. From a comparison between the thermodynamic properties of spherically symmetric AdS black holes and ordinary thermodynamic systems, we know that the isovolumetric heat capacity of the former is zero, whereas that of the latter is non-zero. The intrinsic reason for this discrepancy is a topic of interest. For Reissner-Nördstrom-de Sitter (RN-dS) spacetime with the coexistence of the black hole and cosmological horizons, the effective thermodynamic quantities are presented alongside the interaction between two horizons. The heat capacity in RN-dS spacetime is then investigated, and it is demonstrated that the behavior of the heat capacity in RN-dS spacetime is analogous to that of Schottky specific heat. Treating two horizons in RN-dS spacetime as two distinct energy levels in a two-energy-level system, we investigate the thermodynamic properties in RN-dS spacetime by studying the thermodynamic properties in an ordinary two-energy system, thereby elucidating the intrinsic reasons for the occurrence of Schottky specific heat in RN-dS spacetime. The heat capacity observed in RN-dS spacetime is not only consistent with that of Schottky specific heat described by the effective thermodynamic quantities in RN-dS spacetime but also with that of an ordinary two-energy-level system. These results not only reveal the quantum properties of RN-dS spacetime but also provide a new avenue for further in-depth study of the quantum properties of black holes and dS spacetime.
Enhanced empirical formulas for α-decay of heavy and superheavy nuclei: Incorporating deformation effects of daughter nuclei
Authors: Ismail M. , Adel A. , Ibrahim Asmaa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The latest experimental data of α-decay half-lives for 573 nuclei within the range of

are utilized to enhance empirical formulas with updated coefficients. These formulas are enhanced by analyzing the contributions of orbital angular momentum and isospin asymmetry. The effect of deformation of daughter nuclei on the α-decay half-life is modeled by incorporating two additional terms, dependent on the quadrupole and hexadecapole deformation parameters, into the empirical formulas for α-decay half-lives. Incorporating these deformation-dependent terms, along with angular momentum and isospin asymmetry, we improve the standard deviation by approximately 17%. The revised empirical formulas for α-decay half-lives demonstrate better agreement with experimental data when deformation factors are included. The modified formulas are validated through comparisons with recent experimental results and further theoretical predictions. This paper presents and compares α-decay half-life predictions for several isotopes of superheavy nuclei with

, which are yet to be experimentally synthesized. For various isotopes of each element, the variation in

with changes in the neutron number is also explored.
Nanograin-enhanced surface-layer strengthening of 3D printed intervertebral cage induced by sandblasting
Authors: Yu Dongmei , Wu Suhua , Zhao Taotao , Zhang Yongquan , Yao Li , Zheng Zeyang , Li Tao , Wu Hao , Wang Ning , Li Xiaokang , Liu Chaozong , Guo Zheng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
3D-printed customized titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V, TC4) as load-bearing prostheses and implants, such as intervertebral cages, have been widely used in clinical practice. Native biological inertia and inadequate bone in-growth of porous titanium alloy scaffolds hampered their clinical application efficiency and then extended the healing period. To improve the osseointegration capacity of 3D-printed intervertebral cages, sandblasting was selected to execute their surface treatment. On the one hand, sandblasting treatment can efficiently eliminate incomplete unmelted powder that adheres to struts in intervertebral cages during the manufacture of 3D printing, resulting in high surface area and low surface flatness induced by the rough surface could favor osseointegration. On the other hand, sandblasting can also induce ultrafine grains and nanograins in the near-surface layer that are conductive to mechanical strength enhancement. This can be verified by both microhardness and residual compressive stress reaching peak values (404.2 HV, 539.1 MPa) in the transverse section of its near-surface layer along the depth from the surface. This is attributed to the fact that more grain boundaries can impede dislocation movement. Sandblasting surfaces in intervertebral cages could favor osseointegration and in-growth, providing a foundation for sandblasting treatment of 3D-printed intervertebral cages in clinical applications.
Assessment of Wear-Resistance in Hydro Turbine Steel: The Impact of Sediment Erosion on a Metal-Ceramic Coating
Authors: Pandey Ashwin , Kumar Deepak , Goyal Rahul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Wear of the components of the hydropower plant is mainly because of the striking of rigid silt particles which is carried out with the water. The present study focuses on the development of a ceramic and metal-ceramic protective coating using flame spray and high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coating technique. A slurry erosion testing equipment has been utilized to examine the wear behavior of specimens with and without coating. Experiments are performed on the coating compositions developed by varying the weight percentage of Co-NiCrAlY (metal) and Al2O3 (ceramic). The erosive behavior of all the specimens has been investigated at impact angles 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°, impact velocities varying between 6 to 12 m/s. The metallurgical characterization of the developed coatings has been performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Vickers hardness measurement and surface wettability analysis have been conducted for the mechanical characterization of the coatings. The metal-ceramic coating shows overall better erosion-resistive behavior due to the combined shielding effect and reduction in impact energy of the ceramic and metal respectively. The acquired findings pertain to the refinement of metallurgical, microstructural, and mechanical attributes of the investigated specimen.
Numerical study on the optimal design of straight-through labyrinth seals for minimum leakage loss of Francis turbine
Authors: Rijal Mamata , Gunnar Dahlhaug Ole , Prasad Neopane Hari , Chitrakar Sailesh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Labyrinth seals are important non-contact seals in Francis turbine. They help to reduce leakage flow from high to low-pressure regions. Therefore, this study focuses on the design of labyrinth seals providing more difference in pressure and minimum leakage flow. The 3-dimensional numerical models were built in one of the CAD software. The meshing and the simulation of the different designs of unilateral and bilateral labyrinth seals were done in ANSYS Workbench. ANSYS CFX has been used as a flow solver for steady-state flow analysis with water as a working fluid. The geometries of seals were modified by varying cavity numbers, cavity length, cavity depth, clearance gap and shape of the cavity. The numerical results showed less leakage loss when the cavity number increased for different seal designs. Also, the results verified that leakage losses increase when the depth of the cavity increases and leakage losses decrease when the length of the cavity increases. Similarly, the leakage losses decrease as seal clearance spaces decrease. However, seals with modified cavity shapes with higher cavity numbers had similar pressure differences and leakage losses compared to the original cavity shape of straight-through seals.
Data-driven approaches to improving waste management systems
Authors: Vista U F , Assobry M H , Rakhman F F , Pusparani A , Azaria N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An application called Pilah Sampah is designed to handle garbage. However, data is not stored and the service delivery process is sluggish in the absence of a computerized and recorded waste management system. Therefore, for its management, an appropriate management information system is needed. In this study, an information system for waste bank management is designed and constructed using the waterfall technique. System requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance are the first steps in the research process. The waste sorting application is made easier for management and business by the research’s findings.
An immunocompetent human kidney on-a-chip model to study renal inflammation and immune-mediated injury
Authors: Gijzen Linda , Bokkers Marleen , Hanamsagar Richa , Olivier Thomas , Burton Todd P , Tool Laura M , Rahman Mouly F , Lowman John , Savova Virginia , Means Terry K , Lanz Henriette L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Kidney damage and dysfunction is an emerging health issue worldwide resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Numerous renal diseases are recognized to be driven by the immune system. Despite this recognition, the development of targeted therapies has been challenging as knowledge of the underlying mechanism and complex interactions remains insufficient. Recent advancements in the field offer promising avenues for exploring the interplay between renal cells and immune cells and their role in the development of renal inflammation and diseases. This study describes the establishment of a human immunocompetent 3D in vitro co-culture model of the proximal tubule (PT) in a novel high-throughput microfluidic platform that can be used to study renal functionality and inflammatory processes. The model incorporated renal PT epithelial cell in the top compartment and human umbilical vein endothelial cells in the bottom compartment cultured under flow and in direct contact with a collagen-I extracellular matrix (ECM) gel resulting in the formation of polarized tubular structures. As an immune component, human primary monocytes of different donors were added to the lumen of the endothelium. Renal inflammation was successfully induced using complement activated serum (CAS) as evident by epithelial morphological changes, increased expression of adhesion molecules, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduced epithelial viability. Realtime migratory behavior of monocytes showed increased extravasation and migration towards the ECM and Renal compartment upon exposure to CAS with donor-to-donor differences observed. Finally, immune modulatory compounds showed efficacious inhibition of monocyte migration under inflammatory conditions in the microfluidic co-culture model. A successful co-culture model was established and can be applied to study renal functionality in health and disease but also for drug screening due to the compatibility of the platform with automation and relatively high throughput. Overall, the described PT model has high potential to fill the gap that currently exists to study renal inflammation preclinically.