bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Workplace bullying and its impact on the quality of healthcare and patient safety
Authors: Al Omar Munirah , Salam Mahmoud , Al-Surimi Khaled 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWorkplace bullying (WPB) is a physical or emotional harm that may negatively affect healthcare services. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent healthcare practitioners in Saudi Arabia worry about WPB and whether it affects the quality of care and patient safety from their perception.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. An online survey was distributed among all practitioners at a multi-regional healthcare facility. A previously validated tool was sourced from an integrative literature review by Houck and Colbert. Responses to 15 themes were rated on a 5-point Likert scale, converted to percentage mean scores (PMS) and compared across participants’ characteristics using bivariate and regression analyses.ResultsA total of 1074/1350 (79.5%) completed the questionnaire. The overall median [interquartile range] score of worrying about WPB was 81.7 [35.0]. Participants were mainly worried about the effect of WPB on their stress, work performance, and communication between staff members. A significant negative relationship developed between the quality of care and worrying about WPB,P< 0.001. More educated practitioners were 1.7 times more likely to be worried about WPB compared with their counter group, adj.P= 0.034. Junior practitioners were 1.6 times more likely to be worried about WPB, adj.P= 0.017. The group who has not been trained in handling WPB (1.7 times), and those who had been exposed to WPB (2.2 times) were both more likely to be worried about WPB compared with their counter groups, adj.P= 0.026 and adj.P< 0.001 respectively.ConclusionsMost healthcare practitioners worry about WPB, especially its negative impact on the quality of care and patient safety. A greater proportion of practitioners with higher levels of education and their less experienced counterparts were more worried about WPB. Previous exposure to a WPB incident amplifies the practitioners’ worry, but being trained on how to counteract bullying incidents makes them less likely to be worried.
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist reduces inflammation and blood-brain barrier breakdown in an astrocyte-dependent manner in experimental stroke
Authors: Shan Yilong , Tan Sha , Lin Yinyao , Liao Siyuan , Zhang Bingjun , Chen Xiaodong , Wang Jihui , Deng Zhezhi , Zeng Qin , Zhang Lei , Wang Yuge , Hu Xueqiang , Qiu Wei , Peng Lisheng , Lu Zhengqi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Preserving the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is beneficial to avoid further brain damage after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Astrocytes, an important component of the BBB, promote BBB breakdown in subjects with AIS by secreting inflammatory factors. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4) protects the BBB and reduces brain inflammation from cerebral ischemia, and GLP-1R is expressed on astrocytes. However, the effect of Ex-4 on astrocytes in subjects with AIS remains unclear.

Methods
In the present study, we investigated the effect of Ex-4 on astrocytes cultured under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) plus reoxygenation conditions and determined whether the effect influences bEnd.3 cells. We used various methods, including permeability assays, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and gelatin zymography, in vitro and in vivo.

Results
Ex-4 reduced OGD-induced astrocyte-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL-1). The reduction in astrocyte-derived VEGF-A and MMP-9 was related to the increased expression of tight junction proteins (TJPs) in bEnd.3 cells. Ex-4 improved neurologic deficit scores, reduced the infarct area, and ameliorated BBB breakdown as well as decreased astrocyte-derived VEGF-A, MMP-9, CXCL-1, and MCP-1 levels in ischemic brain tissues from rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Ex-4 reduced the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in astrocytes following OGD.

Conclusion
Based on these findings, ischemia-induced inflammation and BBB breakdown can be improved by Ex-4 through an astrocyte-dependent manner.
Political struggles for a universal health system in Brazil: successes and limits in the reduction of inequalities
Authors: Machado Cristiani Vieira , Silva Gulnar Azevedo e 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Brazil is a populous high/middle-income country, characterized by deep economic and social inequalities. Like most other Latin American nations, Brazil constructed a health system that included, on the one hand, public health programs and, on the other, social insurance healthcare for those working in the formal sector. This study analyzes the political struggles surrounding the implementation of a universal health system from the mid-1980s to the present, and their effects on selected health indicators, focusing on the relevant international and national contexts, political agendas, government orientations and actors.

Main text
In the 1980s, against the backdrop of economic crisis and democratization, Brazil’s health reform movement proposed a Unified Health System (SUS), which was incorporated into the 1988 Constitution. The combination of a democratic system with opportunities for interaction between various developmental and social agendas and actors has played a key role in shaping health policy since then. However, the expansion of public services has been hampered by insufficient public funding and by the strengthening of the private sector, subsidized by the state. Private enterprises have expanded their markets and political influence, in a process that has accelerated in recent years. Despite these obstacles, SUS has produced significant health-status improvements and some (although incomplete) reductions in Brazil’s vast health inequalities.

Conclusions
We find that a combination of long-term structural and contingent factors, international agendas and interests, as well as domestic political struggles, explains the advances and obstacles to building a universal system in an economically important yet unequal peripheral country. Further consolidation of SUS and reduction of health inequalities hinge on the uncertain prospects for democracy and national development, on enlarging the political coalition to support a public and universal health system, and on strengthening the state’s ability to regulate the private sector.
A clinical series of packing the wound tract for arresting traumatic hemorrhage from injuries of the lung parenchyma as a feasible damage control technique
Authors: Garcia Alberto F. , Manzano-Nunez Ramiro , Bayona Juan Gabriel , Millan Mauricio , Puyana Juan C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Tractotomy has become the standard of care for transfixing through-and-through lung injuries as it can be performed quickly with little blood loss and a low risk of complications. However, packing with laparotomy pads could be a feasible alternative to tractotomy on selected patients. We describe a series of four patients with lung trauma in which packing of the pulmonary wound tract was used as the primary and unique surgical strategy for arresting hemorrhage from injuries of the lung parenchyma.

Methods
Packing of the traumatic tract is achieved by gently pulling a laparotomy pad with a Rochester clamp and adjusting it to the cavity to stop the bleeding. The pack is removed in a subsequent surgery by moistening and tractioning it softly to avoid additional damage. The operation is completed by manual compression of the wounded lobe. We present a case series of our experience with this approach.

Results
From 2012 to 2016, we treated four patients with the described method. The mechanism was penetrating in all them. The clinical condition was of exsanguinations with multiple sources of hemorrhage. There were three patients with peripheral injuries to the lung and one with a central injury to the pulmonary parenchyma. Bleeding was stopped in all the cases. Three patients survived. A patient had recurrent pneumothorax which was resolved with a second chest tube.

Conclusion
Packing of the traumatic tract allowed rapid and safe treatment of transfixing through-and-through pulmonary wounds in exsanguinating patients under damage control from several bleeding sources.
Autologous stem cell-derived chondrocyte implantation with bio-targeted microspheres for the treatment of osteochondral defects
Authors: Bozkurt Murat , Aşık Mehmet Doğan , Gürsoy Safa , Türk Mustafa , Karahan Siyami , Gümüşkaya Berrak , Akkaya Mustafa , Şimşek Mehmet Emin , Cay Nurdan , Doğan Metin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Chondral injury is a common problem around the world. Currently, there are several treatment strategies for these types of injuries. The possible complications and problems associated with conventional techniques lead us to investigate a minimally invasive and biotechnological alternative treatment. Combining tissue-engineering and microencapsulation technologies provide new direction for the development of biotechnological solutions. The aim of this study is to develop a minimal invasive tissue-engineering approach, using bio-targeted microspheres including autologous cells, for the treatment of the cartilage lesions.

Method
In this study, a total of 28 sheeps of Akkaraman breed were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control (group 1), microfracture (group 2), scaffold (group 3), and microsphere (group 4). Microspheres and scaffold group animals underwent adipose tissue collection prior to the treatment surgery. Mesenchymal cells collected from adipose tissue were differentiated into chondrocytes and encapsulated with scaffolds and microspheres. Osteochondral damage was conducted in the right knee joint of the sheep to create an animal model and all animals treated according to study groups.

Results
Both macroscopic and radiologic examination showed that groups 3 and 4 have resulted better compared to the control and microfracture groups. Moreover, histologic assessments indicate hyaline-like cartilage formations in groups 3 and 4.

Conclusion
In conclusion, we believe that the bio-targeted microspheres can be a more effective, easier, and safer approach for cartilage tissue engineering compared to previous alternatives.
Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome sequences of six species of Pulsatilla Miller, Ranunculaceae
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Xing Yanping , Xu Liang , Bao Guihua , Zhan Zhilai , Yang Yanyun , Wang Jiahao , Li Shengnan , Zhang Dachuan , Kang Tingguo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Baitouweng is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of different applications. Although referred to as a single medicine, Baitouweng is actually comprised of many closely related species. It is therefore critically important to identify the different species that are utilized in these medicinal applications. Knowledge about their phylogenetic relationships can be derived from their chloroplast genomes and may provide additional insights into development of molecular markers.

Methods
Genomic DNA was extracted from six species of Pulsatilla and then sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000. Sequences were assembled into contigs by SOAPdenovo 2.04, aligned to the reference genome using BLAST, and then manually corrected. Genome annotation was performed by the online DOGMA tool. General characteristics of the cp genomes of the six species were analyzed and compared with closely related species. Additionally, phylogenetic trees were constructed, based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 51 shared protein-coding gene sequences in the cp genome among all 31 species via maximum likelihood.

Results
The size of cp genomes of P. chinensis (Bge.) Regel, P. chinensis (Bge.) Regel var. kissii (Mandl) S. H. Li et Y. H. Huang, P. cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. et Opiz f. plumbea J. X. Ji et Y. T. zhao, P. dahurica (Fisch.) Spreng, P. turczaninovii Kryl. et Serg, and P. cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. et Opiz. were 163,851 bp, 163,756 bp, 162,481 bp, 162,450 bp, 162,795 bp, and 162,924 bp, respectively. Each species included two inverted repeat regions, a small single-copy region, and a large single-copy region. A total of 134 genes were annotated, including 90 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs across all species. In simple sequence repeat analysis, only P. dahurica was found to contain hexanucleotide repeats. A total of 26, 39, 32, 37, 32 and 43 large repeat sequences were identified in the genic regions of the six Pulsatilla species. Nucleotide diversity analysis revealed that the rpl36 gene and ccsA-ndhD region have the highest Pi value. In addition, two phylogenetic trees of the cp genomes were constructed, which laced all Pulsatilla species into one branch within Ranunculaceae.

Conclusions
We identified and analyzed the cp genome features of six species of P. Miller, with implications for species identification and phylogenetic analysis.
Poor prognostic factors in patients with newly diagnosed intestinal Adamantiades-Behçet’s disease in the Shanghai Adamantiades-Behçet’s disease database: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tian Yun , Ye Jing-Fen , Lin Chen-Hong , Guan Jian-Long 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Adamantiades-Behçet’s Disease (ABD) is an immunological recurrent systemic vasculitis with a chronic course. We investigated the predictors of long-term flare-ups, poor outcomes and event-free survival in Chinese non-surgical patients with intestinal ABD.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study of 109 intestinal ABD patients seen in our institution between October 2012 and January 2019 who met the international criteria for ABD and had intestinal ulcers confirmed on colonoscopy. Predictors of relapses and poor outcomes, event-free survival were calculated using logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazard regression models, respectively.

Results
Sixty-six intestinal ABD patients (60.55%) had ileocecal ulcers; 19 patients (17.43%) presented with colorectum ulcers; 24 patients (22.02%) showed both ileocecal and colorectum ulcers. 7 patients (6.42%) experienced at least 1 flare-up of intestinal ulcers. 38 patients (34.86%) complained of non-healing intestinal ulcers. In multivariate analysis, location of intestinal ulcers (ileocecal and colorectum) (odd ratio (OR) 7.498 [95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.844–30.480]), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) > 24 mm/h (OR 5.966 [95% CI 1.734–20.528]), treatment with infliximab (IFX) (OR 0.130 [95% CI 0.024–0.715]), and poor compliance (OR 11.730 [95% CI 2.341–58.781]) were independently correlated with a poor outcome. After a median follow-up of 28 months, 45 intestinal ABD patients (41.28%) underwent adverse events. Factors independently associated with shorter event-free survival were early onset of ABD (< 7 years) (hazard ratio (HR) 2.431 [95% CI 1.240–4.764]) and poor compliance (HR 3.058 [95% CI 1.612–5.800]).

Conclusion
Distribution of intestinal ulcers (ileocecal and colorectum), ESR > 24 mm/h, treatment without IFX, and poor compliance were independent risk factors for poor outcomes in non-surgical intestinal ABD patients.
Hemodynamic response to familiar faces in children with ADHD
Authors: Shimamura Keiichi , Inoue Takeshi , Ichikawa Hiroko , Nakato Emi , Sakuta Yuiko , Kanazawa So , Yamaguchi Masami K. , Kakigi Ryusuke , Sakuta Ryoichi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
School-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties in interpersonal relationships, in addition to impaired facial expression perception and recognition. For successful social interactions, the ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar faces is critical. However, there are no published reports on the recognition of familiar and unfamiliar faces by children with ADHD.

Methods
We evaluated the neural correlates of familiar and unfamiliar facial recognition in children with ADHD compared to typically developing (TD) children. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure hemodynamic responses on the bilateral temporal regions while participants looked at photographs of familiar and unfamiliar faces. Nine boys with ADHD and 14 age-matched TD boys participated in the study. fNIRS data were Z-scored prior to analysis.

Results
During familiar face processing, TD children only showed significant activity in the late phase, while ADHD children showed significant activity in both the early and late phases. Additionally, the boys with ADHD did not show right hemispheric lateralization to familiar faces.

Conclusions
This study is the first to assess brain activity during familiar face processing in boys with ADHD using fNIRS. These findings of atypical patterns of brain activity in boys with ADHD may be related to social cognitive impairments from ADHD.
Measuring children’s emotional and behavioural problems: are SDQ parent reports from native and immigrant parents comparable?
Authors: Runge Ronja A. , Soellner Renate 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe number of immigrants worldwide is growing and migration might be a risk factor for the mental health of children. A reliable instrument is needed to measure immigrants' childrens mental health. The aim of the study was to test the measurement invariance of the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) between German native, Turkish origin and Russian origin immigrant parents in Germany. The SDQ is one of the most frequently used screening instruments for mental health disorders in children.MethodsDifferential Item Functioning (DIF) was tested in samples matched by socio-economic status, age and gender of the child. A logistic regression/item response theory hybrid method and a multiple indicators- multiple causes model (MIMIC) was used to test for DIF. Multi Group Confirmatory Factor analysis (MGCFA) was used to test for configural invariance. Parent reports of 10610 German native, 534 Russian origin and 668 Turkish origin parents of children aged 3–17 years were analysed.ResultsDIF items were found in both groups and with both methods. We did not find an adequate fit of the original five factor model of the SDQ for the Turkish origin group, but for the Russian origin group. An analysis of functional equivalence indicated that the SDQ is equally useful for the screening of mental health disorders in all three groups.ConclusionUsing the SDQ in order to compare the parent reports of native and immigrant parents should be done cautiously. Thus, the use of the SDQ in epidemiological studies and for prevention planning is questionable. However, the SDQ turns out to be a valid instrument for screening purposes in parents of native and immigrant children.
CRIMoClo plasmids for modular assembly and orthogonal chromosomal integration of synthetic circuits in Escherichia coli
Authors: Vecchione Stefano , Fritz Georg 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Synthetic biology heavily depends on rapid and simple techniques for DNA engineering, such as Ligase Cycling Reaction (LCR), Gibson assembly and Golden Gate assembly, all of which allow for fast, multi-fragment DNA assembly. A major enhancement of Golden Gate assembly is represented by the Modular Cloning (MoClo) system that allows for simple library propagation and combinatorial construction of genetic circuits from reusable parts. Yet, one limitation of the MoClo system is that all circuits are assembled in low- and medium copy plasmids, while a rapid route to chromosomal integration is lacking. To overcome this bottleneck, here we took advantage of the conditional-replication, integration, and modular (CRIM) plasmids, which can be integrated in single copies into the chromosome of Escherichia coli and related bacteria by site-specific recombination at different phage attachment (att) sites.

Results
By combining the modularity of the MoClo system with the CRIM plasmids features we created a set of 32 novel CRIMoClo plasmids and benchmarked their suitability for synthetic biology applications. Using CRIMoClo plasmids we assembled and integrated a given genetic circuit into four selected phage attachment sites. Analyzing the behavior of these circuits we found essentially identical expression levels, indicating orthogonality of the loci. Using CRIMoClo plasmids and four different reporter systems, we illustrated a framework that allows for a fast and reliable sequential integration at the four selected att sites. Taking advantage of four resistance cassettes the procedure did not require recombination events between each round of integration. Finally, we assembled and genomically integrated synthetic ECF σ factor/anti-σ switches with high efficiency, showing that the growth defects observed for circuits encoded on medium-copy plasmids were alleviated.

Conclusions
The CRIMoClo system enables the generation of genetic circuits from reusable, MoClo-compatible parts and their integration into 4 orthogonal att sites into the genome of E. coli. Utilizing four different resistance modules the CRIMoClo system allows for easy, fast, and reliable multiple integrations. Moreover, utilizing CRIMoClo plasmids and MoClo reusable parts, we efficiently integrated and alleviated the toxicity of plasmid-borne circuits. Finally, since CRIMoClo framework allows for high flexibility, it is possible to utilize plasmid-borne and chromosomally integrated circuits simultaneously. This increases our ability to permute multiple genetic modules and allows for an easier design of complex synthetic metabolic pathways in E. coli.
Improved metagenomic analysis with Kraken 2
Authors: Wood Derrick E. , Lu Jennifer , Langmead Ben 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough Kraken’s k-mer-based approach provides a fast taxonomic classification of metagenomic sequence data, its large memory requirements can be limiting for some applications. Kraken 2 improves upon Kraken 1 by reducing memory usage by 85%, allowing greater amounts of reference genomic data to be used, while maintaining high accuracy and increasing speed fivefold. Kraken 2 also introduces a translated search mode, providing increased sensitivity in viral metagenomics analysis.