bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulations of Nanogel Synthesis Using Pulsed Electron Beam
Authors: Dahlgren Björn , Sabatino Maria Antonietta , Dispenza Clelia , Jonsson Mats 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, a new method for numerical simulation of the radiation chemistry of aqueous polymer solutions exposed to a sequence of electron pulses is presented. The numerical simulations are based on a deterministic approach encompassing the conventional homogeneous radiation chemistry of water as well as the chemistry of polymer radicals. The multitude of possible reactions in the macromolecular system is handled by allowing for a large number of macromolecular species. The speciation of macromolecular species is done to account for variations in molecular weight, number of alkyl radicals per chain, number of peroxyl radicals per chain, number of oxyl radicals per chain, and number of internal loops. As benchmarking, previously published results from a series of experiments on pulsed irradiation of aqueous poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) solutions are used. The numerical simulations clearly show that the pulsed nature of the radiation must be accounted for. The simulations qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed impact of initial gas saturation (air and N2O) and polymer concentration on the molecular chain length upon irradiation. The formation of double bonds as a function of dose as well as the impact of effective dose rate on the final chain length are also qualitatively reproduced in the simulations.
Screening, identification, and low‐energy ion modified breeding of a yeast strain producing high level of 3‐hydroxypropionic acid
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Tao , Dong Yuwei , Li Tongxiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract3‐Hydroxypropionic acid (3HP) is an important platform chemical with a wide range of applications. The biological preparation of this compound is safe and low cost. In this study, orchard soil and human waste were used as raw materials to screen microbial strains that could produce 3HP in selective medium containing varying amounts of propionic acid. A yeast strain that can use propionic acid as substrate and produce 48.96 g/L 3HP was screened. Morphological observation, physiological and biochemical identification, and 26s rDNA sequencing identified the IS451 strain as Debaryomyces hansenii. The low‐energy ion N+, with the energy of 10 keV and a dose of 70 × 2.6 × 1013 ions/cm2, was implanted into the IS451 strain. The mutant strain WT39, whose 3HP titer reached 62.42 g/L, was obtained. The strain exhibited genetic stability and tolerance to high concentrations of propionic acid and was considered to have broad application prospects.
Cell penetrating peptide functionalized perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions for targeted cell labeling and enhanced fluorine‐19 MRI detection
Authors: Hingorani Dina V. , Chapelin Fanny , Stares Emma , Adams Stephen R. , Okada Hideho , Ahrens Eric T. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeA bottleneck in developing cell therapies for cancer is assaying cell biodistribution, persistence, and survival in vivo. Ex vivo cell labeling using perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions, paired with 19F MRI detection, is a non‐invasive approach for cell product detection in vivo. Lymphocytes are small and weakly phagocytic limiting PFC labeling levels and MRI sensitivity. To boost labeling, we designed PFC nanoemulsion imaging probes displaying a cell‐penetrating peptide, namely the transactivating transcription sequence (TAT) of the human immunodeficiency virus. We report optimized synthesis schemes for preparing TAT co‐surfactant to complement the common surfactants used in PFC nanoemulsion preparations.MethodsWe performed ex vivo labeling of primary human chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with nanoemulsion. Intracellular labeling was validated using electron microscopy and confocal imaging. To detect signal enhancement in vivo, labeled CAR T cells were intra‐tumorally injected into mice bearing flank glioma tumors.ResultsBy incorporating TAT into the nanoemulsion, a labeling efficiency of ~1012 fluorine atoms per CAR T cell was achieved that is a >8‐fold increase compared to nanoemulsion without TAT while retaining high cell viability (~84%). Flow cytometry phenotypic assays show that CAR T cells are unaltered after labeling with TAT nanoemulsion, and in vitro tumor cell killing assays display intact cytotoxic function. The 19F MRI signal detected from TAT‐labeled CAR T cells was 8 times higher than cells labeled with PFC without TAT.ConclusionThe peptide‐PFC nanoemulsion synthesis scheme presented can significantly enhance cell labeling and imaging sensitivity and is generalizable for other targeted imaging probes.
FatSegNet: A fully automated deep learning pipeline for adipose tissue segmentation on abdominal dixon MRI
Authors: Estrada Santiago , Lu Ran , Conjeti Sailesh , Orozco‐Ruiz Ximena , Panos‐Willuhn Joana , Breteler Monique M. B. , Reuter Martin 
Published: October 2019

PurposeIntroduce and validate a novel, fast, and fully automated deep learning pipeline (FatSegNet) to accurately identify, segment, and quantify visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) within a consistent, anatomically defined abdominal region on Dixon MRI scans.MethodsFatSegNet is composed of three stages: (a) Consistent localization of the abdominal region using two 2D‐Competitive Dense Fully Convolutional Networks (CDFNet), (b) Segmentation of adipose tissue on three views by independent CDFNets, and (c) View aggregation. FatSegNet is validated by: (1) comparison of segmentation accuracy (sixfold cross‐validation), (2) test–retest reliability, (3) generalizability to randomly selected manually re‐edited cases, and (4) replication of age and sex effects in the Rhineland Study—a large prospective population cohort.ResultsThe CDFNet demonstrates increased accuracy and robustness compared to traditional deep learning networks. FatSegNet Dice score outperforms manual raters on VAT (0.850 vs. 0.788) and produces comparable results on SAT (0.975 vs. 0.982). The pipeline has excellent agreement for both test–retest (ICC VAT 0.998 and SAT 0.996) and manual re‐editing (ICC VAT 0.999 and SAT 0.999).ConclusionsFatSegNet generalizes well to different body shapes, sensitively replicates known VAT and SAT volume effects in a large cohort study and permits localized analysis of fat compartments. Furthermore, it can reliably analyze a 3D Dixon MRI in ∼1 minute, providing an efficient and validated pipeline for abdominal adipose tissue analysis in the Rhineland Study.
Spatial Gradients in Population Characteristics of Ohio River Sauger and Implications for a Length-Based Regulation
Authors: Pritt Jeremy J. , Depew Michael A. , Herrala Jason R. , Hirst Jana , Jansen Craig R. , Zipfel Katherine J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sauger Sander canadensis provide a popular, harvest-oriented fishery throughout the Ohio River and are managed jointly by the state fisheries resource agencies through the Ohio River Fisheries Management Team. For more than two decades, the Ohio River Sauger population has been dominated by small (&lt;356 mm), young (&lt;3 years old) individuals. Recently, Sauger abundance in the Ohio River has been near or below long-term averages. Together, these observations prompted concern that overfishing may be occurring and that more restrictive harvest regulations may be necessary. We summarized Sauger population characteristics (abundance of age-0 Saugers, abundance of Saugers ≥280 mm TL, growth, and mortality) based on data from Ohio River Fisheries Management Team population assessments conducted during the period of 2005–2017 and modeled the potential outcomes of applying a 356-mm minimum length limit. During the period 2005–2017, abundance of age-0 Saugers and abundance of Saugers ≥280 mm TL was greater with distance downstream but generally declined through time. Growth rates and total annual mortality rates increased with distance downstream and had no apparent temporal trends. Yield-per-recruit models showed that where Saugers grow fastest (i.e., downstream pools), implementing a minimum length limit could improve size structure and increase yield. However, where Saugers grow slowly (upstream pools), size structure would only increase marginally, and yields would likely decrease with a minimum length limit. Upstream to downstream gradients in Sauger population characteristics may therefore lead to differences in the effectiveness of length-based regulations among Ohio River pools. Fisheries managers must therefore consider trade-offs between the size of fish at harvest and yield before implementing minimum length limits.
Nursing students' perception of patient‐centred care: A qualitative study
Authors: Ghane Golnar , Esmaeili Maryam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explain the understanding of nursing students from the concept of patient‐centred care.DesignThis is an explorative and descriptive‐qualitative design.MethodsThe participants consisted of 15 nursing students who were selected through purposeful sampling, and data were collected through in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews and analysed using a qualitative content analysis.ResultsData analysis led to the identification of three categories including the following: the inevitability of patient‐centred care, the patient‐centredness in comprehensive care and the importance of nursing process in patient‐centred care. Introducing students to the concept of patient‐centred care and how it can be achieved seems necessary during nursing education. Introducing a module on patient‐centred care to the nursing curriculum is suggested to familiarize students with this concept.
Unexpected Molecular Structure of a Putative Rhenium‐Dioxo‐Benzocarbaporphyrin Complex. Implications for the Highest Transition Metal Valence in a Porphyrin‐Type Ligand Environment
Authors: Alemayehu Abraham B. , Vazquez‐Lima Hugo , Teat Simon J. , Ghosh Abhik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA combination of quantum chemical calculations and synthetic studies was used to address the possibility of very high (>6) valence states of transition metals in porphyrin‐type complexes. With corrole as a supporting ligand, DFT calculations ruled out Re(VII) and Ir(VII) dioxo complexes as stable species. Attempted rhenium insertion into benzocarbaporphyrin (BCP) ligands on the other hand led to two products with different stoichiometries – Re[BCP]O and Re[BCP]O2. To our surprise, single‐crystal structure determination of one of the complexes of the latter type indicated an ReVO center with a second oxygen bridging the Re−C bond. In other words, although the monooxo complexes Re[BCP]O are oxophilic, the BCP ligand cannot sustain a trans‐ReVII(O)2 center. The search for metal valence states >6 in porphyrin‐type ligand environments must therefore continue.
Sedation practices in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Nugent Bethany D. , Davis Peter J. , Noll Robert B. , Tersak Jean M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe 5‐year survival for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is greater than 90%. One late effect of pediatric ALL associated with numerous long‐term difficulties is neurocognitive deficits. The experience at our institution, as well as conversations with oncologists at other institutions, suggests an increase in the use of sedation during lumbar punctures (LPs) for treatment of pediatric ALL. Among the most common Children's Oncology Group (COG) ALL protocols, approximately 30 LPs are performed over 2‐3 years. Studies in animals reveal that sedation drugs may harm the developing brain. Gaps in knowledge exist regarding their use in children, particularly repeated exposures. The purpose of this study is to summarize sedation practices for LPs related to the treatment of ALL at COG institutions.MethodsResponsible Individuals (RIs) of the Cancer Control Committee of COG were invited to complete an internet‐based survey about sedation practices at their institutions.ResultsSurveys were sent to 103 RIs with a 62% response rate (N = 64). A combined 2018 new patients with ALL were seen each year (mean = 31.5, range = 3‐110) at the participating institutions. The majority (96%) of children with ALL received sedation for LPs. While there was considerable variability across institutions in the type of sedation given, the most common was propofol alone (n = 36, 56%).ConclusionsA substantial number of children with ALL receive sedation for LPs; however, there is variation in the medication used. Better understanding of sedation practices in children with ALL may inform future research to investigate which methods are the safest, with an emphasis on long‐term neurocognitive late effects.
Aggregation selectivity of amyloid β1‐11 peptide in aqueous ionic liquid solutions
Authors: Takekiyo Takahiro , Yamada Natsuki , Amo Taku , Yoshimura Yukihiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the aggregation selectivity of peptide fragments of full‐length proteins in aqueous solutions with ionic liquids (ILs) could facilitate the elucidation of the relationship between the IL‐protein interactions and structural behavior of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) such as amyloid β protein following the addition of ILs. In the present study, we investigate structural changes in peptide fragment 1‐11 (Aβ1‐11) of amyloid β protein in aqueous solutions with two ILs including 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([bmim][SCN]) and ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) using optical spectroscopy. The addition of [bmim][SCN], which exhibits strong protein denaturant ability, induced the formation of an intermolecular β‐sheet structure (aggregation), while the addition of EAN, which has a weaker denaturant ability compared with [bmim][SCN], did not cause aggregation. Since the role of cations is related to the ability to mask the charged residues of Aβ1‐11, the aggregation selectivity of Aβ1‐11 depends on the anionic species and anions with high denaturation ability enhanced aggregation. Our results demonstrated that the structural change in peptide fragment in aqueous IL solutions could be used to evaluate the relationship between the IL‐protein interactions and aggregation selectivity in IDPs in aqueous IL solutions.
Usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage in a French pediatric cohort with hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Wanin Stéphanie , Malka‐Ruimy Clara , Deschildre Antoine , Nathan Nadia , Reboux Gabriel , Reix Philippe , de Blic Jacques , Houdouin Véronique 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a rare interstitial lung disease in children, and very little data are available on the frequency, diagnosis, and outcomes of HP. In a pediatric cohort with HP, the characteristics of the CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio are often described as nonspecific.MethodsWe used the National French Database (RespiRare) to collect data from the last decade on HP. The diagnosis of HP was defined by the presence of a relevant exposure, clinical symptoms, and compatible lung imaging radiology and was usually defined by positive precipitins antibodies.ResultsA total of 16 children with a mean age of 10 years (4‐13) presented with HP. All children presented with dyspnea on exertion. Diffuse ground‐glass opacity was present in all computed tomography (CT) scans. Research guided by a questionnaire and precipitins antibodies against the corresponding antigens showed that patients were positive for contact with birds with or without fungi. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 12 children. The total cell counts were elevated in BAL fluid, with a mean value of 36% lymphocytes. The CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio was below one for all children.ConclusionBAL in our pediatric cohort with HP had the same characteristics as that of adults with HP. An HP diagnosis must be considered when dyspnea on exertion and diffuse ground‐glass opacity are observed. Carrying out BAL and serological tests can help diagnose and avoid lung biopsy.
Teens' everyday information practices on mobile media: “catching up” and “reaching out”
Authors: Kimm Junoh , Boase Jefferey 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMobile media have become a central part of everyday life for many teens. We examine how teens use the media to access diverse information to maintain and reconnect with personal relationships in their personal networks. Based on semi‐structured interviews with 81 teens from ethnically and economically diverse backgrounds, we find that teens generally have broad networks of ties with whom they communicate through both face‐to‐face interactions and mobile media. To maintain these networks, the teens in our study use information that they either unexpectedly encounter or purposely seek out on various platforms available on their mobile devices to “reach out” to dormant ties and “catch up” with active ties.
Understanding the information landscape of indigenous elders' knowledge and cultural practices
Authors: Haines Jelina , Du Jia Tina , Geursen Gus , Trevorrow Ellen 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis visual presentation is a timely topic while celebrating the year of Indigenous languages and cultures. However, the continuing impact of colonization, displacement, and oppression still lingers. Cultural traditions, once central to all knowledge practices, have been suppressed or subjugated by Western hegemony. This paper aimed to qualitatively articulate the importance of understanding the information landscape of Indigenous Elders, their role in the community and the correlation of Indigenous knowledge and health informatics. The informatic nature of Elders' knowledge was mapped and guided by two Indigenous Elders from the Ngarrindjeri community in South Australia. Video interviews were transcribed and coded using the Xmind mapping software. Limitations on articulating the knowledge map in its entirety were expected. Research implications will provide excellent opportunities for future research in both cultural, digital and health informatics.
The role of information cues on users' perceived credibility of online health rumors
Authors: Song Xiaokang , Zhao Yuxiang (Chris) , Song Shijie , Zhu Qinghua 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThere are a lot of health rumors on social media that can lead to misunderstandings, health risks, and negative health behaviors. Understanding what makes health rumors credible becomes an important research topic. Based on elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this study aimed to explore the impact of three information cues (quality cues, attractiveness cues, and affective polarity) on the credibility of health rumors, under different levels of health literacy and personal involvement. We conduct an online experiment and obtain data from 218 participants. The preliminary results show that the quality cues and attractiveness cues of health rumors have negative impacts on credibility. Dread health rumors are more credible than wish rumors. Health literacy has a significant negative moderating effect between quality cues and health rumor credibility, and personal involvement has a significant positive moderating effect between attractiveness cues and health rumor credibility. This study offers insights on the intervention of social media health rumors.
Librarian role‐playing as a method for assessing student information literacy skills
Authors: Rieh Soo Young , Bradley Doreen , Brennan‐Wydra Emma , Culler Tori , Hanley Elizabeth , Kalt Marley 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTResearchers and practitioners alike have long investigated the effectiveness of information literacy instruction, addressing what to measure regarding student learning and how to measure it. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we review measures and methods that have been developed to assess student learning that results from information literacy instruction. We then present a study in which we employed a new research method of librarian role‐playing to examine the extent to which college students are capable of demonstrating their information literacy skills while acting as an academic librarian. We also incorporated card‐sorting exercises, asking about their perceived search difficulty before and after the role‐playing exercise. Ten role‐playing sessions were conducted by recruiting undergraduate students who had attended an information literacy instruction session 3–4 months prior as a part of their English writing course. Results showed that the librarian role‐playing method provided opportunities for participants to recall and reflect upon what they learned from information literacy instruction effectively. Results also indicated that the role‐playing method is potentially effective in developing students' meta‐cognition about their search behavior.
Users' visual attention flow on the search result page of digital cultural heritage collection
Authors: Wu Dan , Xu Shuang , Xu Xiaoyun , Chen Xi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTCultural heritage breathes a new life with digital technologies and the internet. Digitization of cultural heritage artifacts do represent new materials and new contexts for research and practice. It is important to know how the public access and browse online collections of digital cultural heritage. This paper presents an eye‐tracking experiment on Digital Dunhuang, which is the most famous digital cultural heritage project in China, and identifies users' visual attention in search engine results pages (SERP). The results show how visual attention allocates in each area of interest (AOI), and the AOIs are browsed back and forth until the information needs are satisfied.
Do I Own It? U.S. and Chinese college students' digital ownership perceptions
Authors: Zhu Xiaohua , Yang Tao 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe notion of ownership of digital media content is complicated and fragmented, because of the interplay of intellectual property law, personal property rights, and contractual arrangements. Using a framework with multiple configurations of digital content ownership, we surveyed American and Chinese college students about their perceptions of ownership of digital media content—e‐books, digital music, and digital movies—as well as their perceptions of the importance of various digital rights associated with digital media content. The results revealed many differences between the two groups. Overall, participants from China attributed more importance to most of the digital rights than their U.S. peers did, their variability was smaller, and they displayed a narrower, more uncertain conception of ownership than the Americans did. The study suggests directions and potential factors for future investigation, including familiarity with digital content, the sharing culture, and possession as a cultural dimension.
Exploring the function of citations in ancient Chinese literature
Authors: Shu Fei , Qiu Junping , Shu Shibin , Larivière Vincent 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTOver the last 40 years, several studies have attempted to better understand the function of citations in scholarly communication. While the normative theory claims that researchers acknowledge the intellectual influence to their peers through citations, constructive theory suggests that authors cite to persuade their readers. This study explores this topic by analyzing citations found in ancient Chinese literature and finds that most ancient Chinese authors cite to convince their readers.