bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD analysis on heat transfer through different extended surfaces
Authors: Sahoo Laxman K. , Roul Manmatha K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study includes computational fluid dynamics analysis and comparison of heat enhancement through different extended surfaces, especially in rectangular and square conductive and nonconductive fins. Computational and numerical analysis of heat transfer from a rectangular extended surface and a pin‐finned plate studied to calculate the average Nusselt number in parallel, vertical direction placed along the sidewall. The total rise of the mean Nusselt number is noticed around 36% in pin‐finned plate with respect to a plain plate. This is examined with optimal fin spacing of Sv with L ratio equals to 0.2 and Sh with W ratio equals to 0.25, height of extended surfaces 24 mm with 45° angle of inclination. The mean Nusselt number reduces with a rise in the angle of inclination and also increases with a rise in aspect ratio. The present study reveals that inline and staggered arrangements do not yield appreciably different results. The maximum average Nusselt number difference between conductive and nonconductive fins is around 5% for Sh per W ratio 0.33 and Sv per L ratio 0.2 at an angle of inclination 45°, fin height of 6 mm (height to thickness ratio 2).
An exact analysis of radiative heat transfer and unsteady MHD convective flow of a second‐grade fluid with ramped wall motion and temperature
Authors: Anwar Talha , Kumam Poom , Asifa  , Khan Ilyas , Thounthong Phatiphat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe influence of simultaneously applied ramped boundary conditions on unsteady magnetohydrodynamic natural convective motion of a second‐grade fluid is investigated and analyzed in this study. The motion of the fluid is considered near an infinite upright plate that is nested in a porous medium subject to nonlinear thermal radiation effects. The Laplace transformation technique is utilized to acquire the exact solutions of momentum and energy equations. To effectively examine the rate of heat transfer and shear stress, the Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient are also established. The outcomes of mathematical computations are elucidated through tables and figures to highlight some physical aspects of the problem. Some limiting models of the present problem are also deduced and presented. On comparison, it is observed that the fluid exhibits lower temperature and velocity profiles under ramped boundary conditions. It is also found that wall shear stress can be controlled by choosing large values of the magnetic parameter (M) and Prandtl number (Pr). In addition, the heat transfer rate specifies inverse trends for growing values of radiation parameter (Nr) and Prandtl number (Pr), while it increases rapidly under a ramped surface condition and decreases slowly under a constant surface condition.
Dual staining for p16/Ki‐67 to detect high‐grade cervical lesions: Results from the Screening Triage Ascertaining Intraepithelial Neoplasia by Immunostain Testing study
Authors: El‐Zein Mariam , Gotlieb Walter , Gilbert Lucy , Hemmings Robert , Behr Marcel A. , Franco Eduardo L. ,   for the STAIN‐IT Study Group
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe compared clinical performance of p16/Ki‐67 dual‐stained cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping, via different algorithms—alone, or in combination with cytology—to identify cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) in women referred to as colposcopy. We included 492 cervical specimens (134 normal, 130 CIN1, 99 CIN2, 121 CIN3, 8 cancers) randomly selected from 1158 specimens with valid conventional cytology, HPV (cobas 4800 HPV test) and biopsy results. Dual‐stained cytology was retrospectively performed (CINtec PLUS assay) on PreservCyt material; slides were read by a cytologist and confirmed by two pathologists, blinded to cytology, biopsy and genotyping results. Sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence intervals in parentheses) of dual‐stained cytology to detect CIN2+ and CIN3+ were compared to other screening tests available for the same women. Positivity rate for dual‐stained cytology increased with histological severity: 30.6% in normal, 41.5% in CIN1, 72.7% in CIN2, 86.8% in CIN3 and 87.5% in cancer. Dual‐stained cytology alone had lower sensitivity than HPV testing for CIN2+ [80.7% (75.0‐85.6) vs 89.9% (85.3‐93.5)] and CIN3+ [86.8% (79.7‐92.1) vs 92.3% (86.2‐96.2)]. However, corresponding specificity values were higher [64.0% (57.9‐69.8) vs 56.1% (49.8‐62.1) for CIN2+; 54.0% (48.7‐59.2) vs 44.4% (39.2‐49.6) for CIN3+]. Combining dual‐stained cytology with an ASC‐US abnormality threshold decreased specificity to 31.4% (25.9‐37.4) for CIN2+ and 24.2% (19.9‐29.0) for CIN3+. The corresponding values considering low squamous intraepithelial lesion threshold values were 42.8% (36.8‐49.0) and 35.0% (30.1‐40.1). Dual‐stained cytology and HPV testing exhibited similar performance, although the former improved the specificity by 7.9% and 9.6% for CIN2+ and CIN3+, respectively.
Not everyone is a follower: The behaviour of interest rate and equity markets within major economies relative to the United States
Authors: Tunaru Diana , Fabozzi Frank J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsing a multifactor continuous‐time model, we study the impact of the global financial crisis on the information transmission mechanism between interest rate and equity markets in the United States and each of the four major economies (United Kingdom, Japan, Germany and Canada). The exchange of information through the return channel shows that the equity markets communicate differently with the short‐ and long‐term interest rate markets: the linkages between the equity and money markets follow similar patterns across all four major economies, whereas the feedbacks between the returns on equity and bond markets suggest country‐specific relationships with the United States. The level of interdependence is higher between the equity and long‐term bond markets, whereas within the money markets context, there is evidence of the flight‐to‐quality phenomenon.
Macro‐economic determinants of non‐performing assets in the Indian banking system: A panel data analysis
Authors: Mishra Aswini Kumar , Jain Shikhar , Abid Mohammad , R L Manogna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOver the last few years, the Indian banking sector has been ceaselessly adding increasingly huge piles of non‐performing assets (NPAs), also known as bad loans, to its balance sheet. As of March 2018, gross NPAs for all scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) stood at over ₹10 trillion, compared to merely 4 years back, that is, March 2014, when they were almost one‐fourth of this. Aimed at tackling the NPA problem, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) was enacted in 2016 by the Parliament of India, which provides for initiation and quick resolution of bankruptcy proceedings against defaulters. In 2017, the RBI identified 12 Mega‐defaulters which accounted for nearly INR 1.75 trillion of the total NPAs of Indian banks. Targeting the NPA problem at the policy level requires extensive research and analysis in order to come up with effective action plans. This study tries to analyse NPAs of Indian banks using panel data regression models and identify their key determinants. It also examines the relative severity of the NPA problem in case of public banks as compared to private banks.
The determinants of export sophistication: Does digitalization matter?
Authors: Atasoy Burak Sencer 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDue to innovation, productivity surged and the structure of exports shifted towards sophisticated products in recent decades. In this study, I analyse the determinants of export sophistication with a special focus on the effects of digitalization for 61 countries by employing three measures of export sophistication. To my knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the nexus between digitalization and sophistication. It is found that exports get more sophisticated as digitalization promotes. In line with the literature, institutional quality, access to credit, and R&D are concluded to be other drivers of export sophistication. However, the evidence on tertiary enrolment and FDIs is mixed. Finally, the level of democracy seems to have a limited effect on sophistication indicating countries that have an autocratic rule also have a chance to sophisticate their exports. In the light of these findings, governments are advised to improve property rights, rule of law, the ease of doing business, access to credit, tertiary enrolment, and R&D expenditures to sophisticate their export baskets.
Investment momentum: A two‐dimensional behavioural strategy
Authors: Xu Fangming , Zhao Huainan , Zheng Liyi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe propose an investment‐momentum strategy of buying past winners with low investment and selling past losers with high investment, which simultaneously exploits two dimensions of market inefficiencies. The new strategy generates twice the monthly returns earned by either the price momentum or investment strategy (1.44% vs. 0.75% or 0.61%). Despite the diminishing anomalies in recent decades, the investment‐momentum stays persistent. The mispricing‐based strategy performs better in periods of high investor sentiment or for stocks with high limits‐to‐arbitrage, which is consistent with our expectations. Overall, we show that one can simultaneously use multiple dimensions of market inefficiency to attain superior performance.
Reliable radical stabilization energies from diffusion Monte Carlo calculations
Authors: Per Manolo C. , Fletcher Emily K. , Swann Ellen T. , Cleland Deidre M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe assess the performance of variational (VMC) and diffusion (DMC) quantum Monte Carlo methods for calculating the radical stabilization energies of a set of 43 carbon‐centered radical species. Even using simple single‐determinant trial wavefunctions, both methods perform exceptionally well, with mean absolute deviations from reference values well under the chemical accuracy standard of 1 kcal/mol. In addition, the use of DMC results in a highly concentrated spread of errors, with all 43 results within chemical accuracy at the 95% confidence level. These results indicate that DMC is an extremely reliable method for calculating radical stabilization energies and could be used as a benchmark method for larger systems in future.
Initiation of a multidisciplinary telemental health clinic for rural justice‐involved populations: Rationale, recommendations, and lessons learned
Authors: Batastini Ashley B. , Jones Ashley C. T. , Lester Michael E. , Davis Riley M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVideoconferencing technology (VCT) is rapidly increasing in the mental healthcare industry and is becoming an attractive option to reach justice‐involved populations. This paper first highlights the need for alternative service delivery solutions and reviews current literature on the use of VCT for correctional clients. We then outline the specific timeline, procedures, and barriers associated with the initiation of a virtual, multidisciplinary telemental health clinic for jailed and community‐released offenders in a rural Mississippi county aimed at reducing criminogenic and psychiatric risks. Finally, we summarize generalizable recommendations for establishing community partnerships, developing structural and logistical processes, and delivering VCT while accounting for unique client factors and integrating evidence‐based intervention strategies. We hope other community leaders will feel empowered to initiate similar programs that address needs within in their own jurisdictions.
Ascorbic acid supplementation attenuates schizophrenia‐like symptoms in an animal model induced by ketamine
Authors: Supp Angelo D. , Avila Silvio , Mastella Gustavo A. , Damásio Louyse , de Oliveira Isabela H. , Godoi Amanda K. , Michels Alander , Schuck Patricia F. , Zugno Alexandra I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSchizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with a poorly understood pathophysiology. The theories about the disorder are mainly about dysregulation in one or more systems of neurotransmitters, and the progression triggers the presence of inflammatory markers indicates the possibility that the disorder is initially an inflammatory disease. The objective was to evaluate the ascorbic acid supplementation in an animal model of schizophrenia, on behavioral parameters, and cytokines involved in inflammation IL‐1β, IL‐10. Wistar rats with 60 days of age were used which were supplemented with ascorbic acid at 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg or saline for 14 days via orogastric gavage. Subsequently, four groups were given ketamine (25 mg/kg) and four groups received intraperitoneal saline from the 9th‐15th day of the experiment. After 30 min of the last administration of ketamine/saline, and behavioral test, rats were killed by guillotine decapitation and the brain structures were carefully dissected for biochemical analysis. Results showed that ascorbic acid supplementation prevented motor sensory loss but nor alter other parameters evaluated. We concluded that ascorbic acid may be used as a therapeutic adjuvant in schizophrenia and may help to improve the schizophrenic patient's life quality.
Clinical practice guidelines for biliary atresia in Japan: A secondary publication of the abbreviated version translated into English
Authors: Ando Hisami , Inomata Yukihiro , Iwanaka Tadashi , Kuroda Tatsuo , Nio Masaki , Matsui Akira , Yoshida Masahiro ,   The Japanese Biliary Atresia Society
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to prepare clinical practice guidelines for biliary atresia according to the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (MINDS) Handbook for Clinical Practice Guideline Development 2014. The guideline drafting group determined 25 clinical questions (CQs) essential for daily clinical practice. These CQs were grouped into the following four major categories: diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis. A systematic literature search was performed by the systematic review team, and medical evidence was extracted from articles published until July 2014 on PubMed and the Japan Medical Abstracts Society. To reach a consensus, majority voting (>70%) of the panel of the guideline drafting group was adopted according to the Delphi technique. Recommendations for 21 CQs were appropriately provided. However, for four CQs (CQ2, stool color; CQ9, steroid administration; and CQ24 and CQ25, liver transplantation), recommendations could not be determined due to a scarcity of evidence. The first clinical practice guidelines for biliary atresia were successfully created using procedures recommended by the MINDS. It is expected that these guidelines will be used worldwide, and that the standardization of biliary atresia treatment will improve treatment outcomes.
An efficient green synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1,3‐benzoxazine and 1,3‐naphthoxazine using NaCl.SiO2 as solid catalyst in neat condition
Authors: Imchen Putusenla , Zhimomi Betokali K. , Longkumer Lensayula , Tumtin Shokip , Swu Toka , Phucho Tovishe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA series of 1,3‐oxazine derivatives were synthesized by a one‐pot three‐component (ie, phenol, formaldehyde, amine) method where SiO2 bonded with NaCl was used as a reusable, more efficient, easily prepared, and available solid catalyst. The reactions were also carried out at room temperature for greener approach. in vitro studies for the synthesized compounds were also done against two gram‐positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) to check for their applicability as an antibacterial agent where some of the synthesized compounds gives the best antibacterial activity against selected bacterial strains. Streptomycin was used as a standard control for all the microbial test.
Uptake and retention on HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis among key and priority populations in South‐Central Uganda
Authors: Kagaayi Joseph , Batte James , Nakawooya Hadijja , Kigozi Boniface , Nakigozi Gertrude , Strömdahl Susanne , Ekström Anna Mia , Chang Larry W , Gray Ron , Reynolds Steven J , Komaketch Patrick , Alamo Stella , Serwadda David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionPre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programmes have been initiated in sub‐Saharan Africa to prevent HIV acquisition in key populations at increased risk. However, data on PrEP uptake and retention in high‐risk African communities are limited. We evaluated PrEP uptake and retention in HIV hyperendemic fishing villages and trading centres in south‐central Uganda between April 2018 and March 2019.MethodsPrEP eligibility was assessed using a national risk screening tool. Programme data were used to evaluate uptake and retention over 12 months. Multivariable modified Poisson regression estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs) of uptake associated with covariates. We used Kaplan–Meier analysis to estimate retention and multivariable Cox regression to estimate adjusted relative hazards (aRH) and 95% CIs of discontinuation associated with covariates.Results and discussionOf the 2985 HIV‐negative individuals screened; 2750 (92.1 %) were eligible; of whom 2,536 (92.2%) accepted PrEP. Male (aPR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85 to 0.97) and female (aPR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.94) fisher folk were less likely to accept compared to HIV‐discordant couples. Median retention was 45.4 days for both men and women, whereas retention was higher among women (log rank,p < 0.001) overall. PrEP discontinuation was higher among female sex workers (aRH = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.83) and female fisher folk (aRH = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.46 to 2.72), compared to women in discordant couples. Male fisher folk (aRH = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.76) and male truck drivers (aRH = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.94) were more likely to discontinue compared to men in discordant couples. Women 30 to 34 years tended to have lower discontinuation rates compared to adolescents 15 to 19 years (RH = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.63 to 0.96]).ConclusionsPrEP uptake was high, but retention was very low especially among those at the highest risk of HIV: fisher folk, sex workers and truck drivers and adolescent girls. Research on reasons for PrEP discontinuation could help optimize retention.
Clinical characteristics of moderate COVID‐19 patients aggravation in Wuhan Stadium Cabin Hospital: A 571 cases of retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shu Lei , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Mingquan , Chen Xiaolin , Ji Ningfei , Shi Lei , Wu Mingjing , Deng Kaili , Wei Jing , Wang Xueli , Cao Yang , Yan Jiaxin , Feng Ganzhu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo report the clinical characteristics and potential risk factors of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Wuhan Stadium Cabin Hospital in Hubei Province. A total of 571 patients of COVID‐19 treated in the Wuhan Stadium Cabin Hospital were selected for analysis, univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to explore the risk factors associated with disease aggravation. The main clinical symptoms of moderate COVID‐19 were fever, cough and dyspnea, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart diseases were the main comorbidities both in transferred and stable patients. Twenty‐six patients (4.55%) of mild and moderate patients had disease aggravation, and most of which occurred between 36 and 48 hours after admission. Multiple regression analysis showed increasing odds of disease aggravation associated with former smoker history, diabetes, dyspnea, consolidation, and interstitial abnormalities of computed tomography scanning, lymphopenia and elevated of C‐reactive protein, the time points of transferred patients mainly between 36 and 48 hours (65.38%), and the average hospital stay for stable patients was 15 days.It could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage, and provide early warning role for timely intervention.
Inflammatory interactions between degenerated intervertebral discs and microglia: Implication of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signaling
Authors: Navone Stefania E. , Campanella Rolando , Guarnaccia Laura , Ouellet Jean A. , Locatelli Marco , Cordiglieri Chiara , Gualtierotti Roberta , Gaudino Chiara , Ciniglio Appiani Giuseppe , Luzzi Sabino , Borsa Stefano , Rampini Paolo , Pluderi Mauro , Haglund Lisbet , Riboni Laura , Alini Mauro , Marfia Giovanni 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe etiology of intervertebral disc degeneration is largely unknown, but local neuroinflammation may exert a crucial role through activation of cells as microglia and pro‐inflammatory cytokines production. We aimed to compare the effect of degenerated and normal intervertebral disc microenvironment on microglial cells and the potential role of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, a pro‐inflammatory sphingolipid, in their crosstalk. Human degenerated intervertebral discs (Pfirrmann grade IV) were obtained at surgery for spondylolisthesis. Normal intervertebral discs were collected from cadaveric normal lumbar spines. Normal and degenerated‐intervertebral discs were kept in culture to obtain media conditioning. Then, microglial cells were cocultured with conditioned media and viability, proliferation, migration, chemotaxis, and inflammatory gene expression were evaluated. The results demonstrate that conditioned media from degenerated intervertebral discs activate microglial cells, increasing chemotaxis, migration, and pro‐inflammatory mediators release to a great extent than normal discs. In addition, we show that the administration of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate to normal intervertebral disc/microglia coculture mimicked degenerative effects. Interestingly, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate content in conditioned media from degenerated discs was significantly higher than that from normal ones. In addition, FTY720, a functional antagonist of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, potently inhibited the effect of degenerated intervertebral discs on microglial inflammatory factor transcription and migration. Our data report, for the first time, that sphingosine‐1‐phosphate is involved as signal in the microenvironment of human degenerated intervertebral discs. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate signaling modulation by FTY720 may induce beneficial effects in counteracting microglial activation during intervertebral disc degeneration.