bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell Analysis of Blood-Brain Barrier Response to Pericyte Loss
Authors: Mäe Maarja A. , He Liqun , Nordling Sofia , Vazquez-Liebanas Elisa , Nahar Khayrun , Jung Bongnam , Li Xidan , Tan Bryan C. , Chin Foo Juat , Cazenave-Gassiot Amaury , Wenk Markus R. , Zarb Yvette , Lavina Barbara , Quaggin Susan E. , Jeansson Marie , Gu Chengua , Silver David L. , Vanlandewijck Michael , Butcher Eugene C. , Keller Annika , Betsholtz Christer 
Published: December 2020

Rationale:
Pericytes are capillary mural cells playing a role in stabilizing newly formed blood vessels during development and tissue repair. Loss of pericytes has been described in several brain disorders, and genetically induced pericyte deficiency in the brain leads to increased macromolecular leakage across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the molecular details of the endothelial response to pericyte deficiency remain elusive.

Objective:
To map the transcriptional changes in brain endothelial cells resulting from lack of pericyte contact at single-cell level and to correlate them with regional heterogeneities in BBB function and vascular phenotype.

Methods and Results:

We reveal transcriptional, morphological, and functional consequences of pericyte absence for brain endothelial cells using a combination of methodologies, including single-cell RNA sequencing, tracer analyses, and immunofluorescent detection of protein expression in pericyte-deficient adult
Pdgfb
ret/ret
mice. We find that endothelial cells without pericyte contact retain a general BBB-specific gene expression profile, however, they acquire a venous-shifted molecular pattern and become transformed regarding the expression of numerous growth factors and regulatory proteins. Adult
Pdgfb
ret/ret
brains display ongoing angiogenic sprouting without concomitant cell proliferation providing unique insights into the endothelial tip cell transcriptome. We also reveal heterogeneous modes of pericyte-deficient BBB impairment, where hotspot leakage sites display arteriolar-shifted identity and pinpoint putative BBB regulators. By testing the causal involvement of some of these using reverse genetics, we uncover a reinforcing role for angiopoietin 2 at the BBB.

Conclusions:
By elucidating the complexity of endothelial response to pericyte deficiency at cellular resolution, our study provides insight into the importance of brain pericytes for endothelial arterio-venous zonation, angiogenic quiescence, and a limited set of BBB functions. The BBB-reinforcing role of ANGPT2 (angiopoietin 2) is paradoxical given its wider role as TIE2 (TEK receptor tyrosine kinase) receptor antagonist and may suggest a unique and context-dependent function of ANGPT2 in the brain.
Translating Inspired Language, Transforming Sacred Texts: An Introduction
Authors: Eryılmaz Fatma Sinem 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In late medieval-early modern Iberia, translations of sacred texts often involved changes beyond those concerning linguistic and cultural frameworks. The sacred nature of the source text turned it into a potentially powerful tool for a variety of purposes. Translations were used to advance didactic and cultural policies and to disseminate political and religious propaganda. They became building blocks for communal identities under fatal threat. When need be, they could be manipulated both as weapons of self-defense or of belligerent attack against rival religiosities and institutions that harbored them. The power generated by the divine authority that spoke through sacred texts also made their translations and their translators, targets of suspicion and victims of strict control, and at times, destruction. The five articles that I introduce represent a wide spectrum of these possibilities as they examine translation projects of Christian, Jewish, and Muslim sacred texts and the transformations they catalyzed.
Bible Translation by Jews and Christians in Medieval Catalan-Speaking Territories
Authors: Casanellas Pere 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite bans on the reading or possession of Bibles in the vernacular, numerous medieval Catalan translations of the Bible survive, in particular a complete Bible from the fourteenth century, some ten psalters, and a fifteenth-century version of the four Gospels. Moreover, Catalan was the second Romance language in which a full Bible was printed (1478), following the Tuscan Bible of 1471. Most of these translations were commissioned by Christians for the use of Christians. In some cases, however, it is clear that the translators were converted Jews. In some others, the translations appear to have been written by Jews for Jewish readers. We also find one case in which Catalan was the source rather than the target language: the first extant translation of the four Gospels into Hebrew (late fifteenth century) was undertaken, probably by a Jew, using the aforementioned fourteenth-century Catalan Bible.
Free Choice Theory and the Justification of Enslavement in the Early Sokoto Caliphate
Authors: Kariya Kota 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Sokoto Caliphate, which was based on Islamic law, depended considerably on widespread systematic slavery in political, economic, and social spheres. According to Islamic law, it is only permitted, in principle, to enslave non-Muslims or unbelievers, and ʿUthmān b. Fūdī, the founder of the Caliphate, labeled his principal enemies (i.e. the rulers of the Hausa states and Bornu and their followers) as apostate unbelievers. However, Muslim jurists historically presented conflicting views regarding the permissibility of enslaving apostates. Faced with this legal disagreement, ʿUthmān, referring to numerous preceding scholars, argued that it was permissible to choose any one of several juristic views regarding a legal issue on which scholars disagreed. By the employment of this “free choice theory”, he justified the enslavement of those whom he labeled as apostates and consequently authorized the enslavement of all kinds of people whom he had categorized as unbelievers living in and around Hausaland.
Excerpta Historica Constantiniana: An Encyclopaedia from Tenth-Century Byzantium?
Authors: Rafiyenko Dariya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
When approaching Byzantine-Greek texts that organize knowledge in one way or another, Byzantinists encounter similar issues to those facing Arabists working on pre-modern Arabic literature. In this article, I discuss two of these more specifically: (1) The layout of the medieval manuscripts has been hitherto systematically neglected, although many manuscripts contain chapter headings, lists of contents and other features that provide “reading aids” or “finding devices” and thus offer clues as to how the text they contain were conceived and designed to be read; and (2) The term “encyclopaedia” has been used in too vague a fashion with regard to Byzantine works of the tenth to twelfth centuries CE and has to be reconsidered.
This article discusses both issues with reference to the example of the Excerpta historica Constantiniana (henceforth, Excerpta), apparently a reference work, written in Ancient Greek in Constantinople in the tenth century CE. The goal is to make a description of the Excerpta available to Arabists, laying the ground for future study of the two traditions in comparative perspective.
Fingernails Torn from Flesh: Intiz̤ār Ḥusain, Rām Laʿl, and Travel Writing across the India-Pakistan Border
Authors: Majchrowicz Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Studies on the Partition of India have historically examined the years immediately before and after 1947, drawing heavily on Urdu fiction. Recent historiographic advances, however, emphasize “partitioning” to convey partition’s prolonged, indeterminate, and ongoing nature. This article suggests that the Urdu travel account is a primary literary space to negotiate the long-term signification of Partition and, as such, exemplifies processes of partitioning. It argues for the existence of a distinct category, the “cross-border travel account,” offering a critical and comparative reading of works by Intiz̤ār Ḥusain and Rām Laʿl to explore how the genre negotiates the legacy and future of Partition.
Analysis of a Modified Two-Stage Approach to Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Without Fecal Diversion in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Marulanda Kathleen , Purcell Laura N. , Egberg Matthew D. , Mangat Sabrina A. , McCauley Christopher J. , Chaumont Nicole , Sadiq Timothy S. , Hayes-Jordan Andrea A. , Phillips Michael R. 
Published: December 2020

Background Fecal diversion after ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) remains controversial. We hypothesize that a modified two-stage IPAA omitting diverting ileostomy (DI) after IPAA, found to be safe in adults, would produce similar results in children. Methods Retrospective, single-institution study of children (≤18 years) undergoing staged total proctocolectomy with IPAA from 2014 to 2020. Traditional two-stage and three-stage approaches including DI after IPAA were compared to two-stage approach without DI. Results 32 patients were included; of these, 7 (22%), 14 (44%), and 11 (34%) patients underwent traditional two-stage, modified two-stage, or three-stage IPAA, respectively. Following IPAA, modified two-stage patients had shorter operative time, decreased opioid utilization, quicker return to regular diet, and shorter stoma duration. After IPAA, there was similar postoperative length of stay, complication rates, readmissions, visits to the emergency department, or unplanned return to the operating room (OR) within 30 days. Anastomotic leak occurred in 2 patients; both were managed nonoperatively without evidence of pouch dysfunction. Conclusion Modified two-stage IPAA with omission of DI after the IPAA stage is safe to perform in pediatric UC patients. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to identify risk factors associated with operative complications.
Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes of Accidental Hypothermia: A Multicenter Study of Regional Care
Authors: Rasmussen Jessica M. , Cogbill Thomas H. , Borgert Andrew J. , Frankki Susan M. , Kallies Kara J. , Roberts Jennifer C. , Cullinane Daniel C. , Renier Colleen , Woehrle Theo , Eyer Steven D. , Zein Eddine Savo Bou , Beckman Marshall , Waller Christine J. 
Published: December 2020

Background Hypothermia is an uncommon, potentially life-threatening condition. We hypothesized (1) advanced rewarming techniques were more frequent with increased hypothermia severity, (2) active rewarming is increasingly performed with smaller intravascular catheters and decreased cardiopulmonary bypass, and (3) mortality was associated with age, hypothermia severity, and type. Methods Trauma patients with temperatures <35°C at 4 ACS-verified trauma centers in Wisconsin and Minnesota from 2006 to 2016 were reviewed. Statistical analysis included chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. A P value < .05 was considered significant. Results 337 patients met inclusion criteria; primary hypothermia was identified in 127 (38%), secondary in 113 (34%), and mixed primary/secondary in 96 (28%) patients. Hypothermia was mild in 69%, moderate in 26%, and severe in 5% of patients. Intravascular rewarming catheter was the most frequent advanced modality (2%), used increasingly since 2014. Advanced techniques were used for primary (12%) vs. secondary (0%) and mixed (5%) ( P = .0002); overall use increased with hypothermia severity but varied by institution. Dysrhythmia, acute kidney injury, and frostbite risk worsened with hypothermia severity ( P < .0001, P = .031, and P < .0001, respectively). Mortality was greatest in patients with mixed hypothermia (39%, P = .0002) and age >65 years (33%, P = .03). Thirty-day mortality rates were similar among severe, moderate, and mild hypothermia ( P = .44). Conclusion Advanced rewarming techniques were used more frequently in severe and primary hypothermia but varied among institutions. Advanced rewarming was less common in mixed hypothermia; mortality was highest in this subgroup. Reliance on smaller intravascular catheters for advanced rewarming increased over time. Given inconsistencies in management, implementation of guidelines for hypothermia management appears necessary.
Is There a Bias Against Obese Patients in the Treatment of Breast Cancer?
Authors: Wang Melinda , Huang Julian , Chagpar Anees B. 
Published: December 2020

Background Patient and tumor characteristics often coincide with obesity, potentially affecting treatment decision-making in obese breast cancer patients. Independent of all of these factors, however, it is unclear whether obesity itself impacts the decision to offer patients undergoing mastectomy breast reconstruction, postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT), or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We sought to determine whether implicit bias against obese breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy plays a role in their treatment. Methods Medical records of breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy from January 2010 to April 2018 from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed, separated into obese (BMI ≥30) and nonobese (BMI <30) categories, and compared using nonparametric statistical analyses. Results Of 972 patients, 291 (31.2%) were obese. Obese patients were more likely to have node-positive, triple-negative breast cancers ( P = .026) and were also more likely to have other comorbidities such as a history of smoking ( P = .026), hypertension ( P < .001), and diabetes ( P < .001). Receipt of immediate reconstruction and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy did not vary between obese and nonobese patients. While obese patients were more likely to undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy (26.5% vs. 18.1%, P = .004) and PMRT (33.0% vs. 23.4%, P = .003), this did not remain significant when controlling for comorbidities and clinicopathologic confounders. Conclusion Obese patients present with more aggressive tumors and often have concomitant comorbidities. Independent of these factors, however, differences in the treatment of patients undergoing mastectomy do not seem to be affected by an implicit bias against obese patients.
Screening of latent TB infection in patients with recently diagnosed bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Abdelwahab Heba Wagih , Elmaria Marwa O , Abdelghany Dalia Abdellateif , Akl Fatma MF , Shehta Mohammed , ELnagar Rasha Mokhtar , Farrag Nesrine Saad , Akl Mohamed Farouk , Ehab Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

Background Cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis are major global health concerns and are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The association between active tuberculosis and subsequent cancer development has been investigated for many years. This study was planned to determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with recently diagnosed bronchogenic carcinoma. Methods Sixty-four newly diagnosed primary lung cancer patients were enrolled. Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection was performed with QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube tests, with exclusion of active tuberculosis. Results Latent tuberculosis infection was detected in 16 (25%) patients, and 8 (12.5%) had indeterminate results of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test. Being a current smoker was associated with a higher prevalence of latent tuberculosis ( p = 0.001). Comorbidities, tumor site, and histopathology were not associated with latent tuberculosis infection. Conclusions There is a considerable risk of concurrent latent tuberculosis in newly diagnosed primary bronchogenic carcinoma. The need for treatment of latent tuberculosis in these patients and its influence on the outcome and prognosis are issues for further investigations.
Factors Affecting the Decision of Postnatal Mothers to Donate Milk at a Government Satellite Human Milk Bank Site, in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
Authors: Bhoola Priya , Biggs Chara 
Published: December 2020

Background The need for donor human milk has accelerated both locally and globally. To remain sustainable, human milk banks need to maintain effective recruitment including frequent donations of adequate volumes. Research aims To determine (1) which factors influenced mothers’ willingness to give or receive donor human milk, and the influence of (2) socio-demographics, (3) pregnancy, (4) breastfeeding history, (5) prior knowledge of human milk banks, and (6) general factors on milk donations. Methods This was a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive study. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used ( N = 148). Independent sample t-tests and one-sample t-tests were used to determining differences in variables. Results The sample population consisted of mainly single ( n = 104, 70.3%) Black African mothers ( n = 127, 85.8%) who identified as Christian ( n = 97, 65.6%) with a mean age of 24.8 ( SD = 5.63) years. The majority ( n = 120, 81.1%) had no prior knowledge of human milk banks; however, most ( n = 78, 52.7%) were significantly likely to donate. The main factors that influenced the participants’ willingness to donate were altruism ( n = 99, 66.9%), information provided by staff at hospitals/clinics ( n = 92, 62.2%), amount of milk produced ( n = 69, 46.4%), fear of not having enough milk for their own infant ( n = 68, 45.9%), and support from family/friends/partner ( n = 67, 45.3%). Conclusion There is a strong need to increase visibility and information sharing with potential donor mothers to ensure a sustainable supply and system of human milk banks.
Sella Turcica Bridging and Tooth Agenesis in Children With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Antonarakis Gregory S. , Ghislanzoni Luis Huanca , Fisher David M. 
Published: December 2020

Aim: To investigate differences in sella turcica size and bridging in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with or without concomitant dental anomalies. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out looking at 56 children with nonsyndromic UCLP. Lateral cephalograms, taken before alveolar bone grafting, were used to assess sella turcica height, width, area, and bridging. Panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate the presence of dental anomalies in the cleft area including agenesis, supernumerary, and peg-shaped lateral incisors. Differences between sella turcica measurements in the presence or absence of dental anomalies were assessed using t tests. Differences between the prevalence of dental anomalies and sella turcica bridging were assessed using χ2 and Fisher exact tests. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate potential associations between sella measurements and dental anomalies. Results: Twenty-six of the 56 children presented with agenesis of the cleft-side lateral incisor, while 7 had a supernumerary, and 19 had a peg-shaped lateral incisor. With regard to sella turcica bridging, 27 children had no calcification, 25 partial and 4 complete calcification. Children with agenesis of the cleft-side lateral incisor showed a shorter sella maximum height ( P = .010) and a smaller area ( P = .019). When looking at sella turcica bridging, 100% of children with complete calcification showed agenesis of the cleft-side lateral incisor, compared with 52% and 33% of children with partial calcification and no calcification, respectively ( P = .034). Conclusions: Children with UCLP and sella turcica bridging are more likely to present with agenesis of the cleft-side maxillary lateral incisor.
Ileocolic arterial aneurysm associated with segmental arterial mediolysis: A case report
Authors: Honma Kenichi , Yamaoka Terutoshi , Matsuda Daisuke 
Published: December 2020

Objectives Segmental arterial mediolysis is a rare disease that most commonly affects the superior mesenteric artery among abdominal arteries. However, aneurysms involving the ileocolic arterial branch of the superior mesenteric artery are extremely rare. Here, we describe the treatment of a patient with an ileocolic arterial aneurysm suspected to have occurred secondary to segmental arterial mediolysis. Methods We confirmed the diagnosis of ileocolic arterial aneurysm, which showed the characteristic “string-of-beads” appearance of the distal main trunk of the superior mesenteric artery on angiography. We performed endovascular coil embolization for the aneurysm, and for both the inflow and outflow vessels. After confirming that the aneurysm was no longer visible, the treatment was completed. Results There were no clinical findings suspicious of ischemic enteritis or intestinal necrosis after embolization. We confirmed that the ileocolic arterial aneurysm was not observed on computed tomography angiography one month after treatment. Conclusions While development of an ileocolic arterial aneurysm associated with segmental arterial mediolysis is very rare, it is at a high risk of sudden rupture. Therefore, coil embolization is a useful intervention in such patients and can be implemented based on the size and morphology of the aneurysm.
Incidence, Management and Outcome of Delayed Deep Surgical Site Infection Following Spinal Deformity Surgery: 20-Year Experience at a Single Institution
Authors: Wang Muyi , Xu Liang , Yang Bo , Du Changzhi , Zhu Zezhang , Wang Bin , Qiu Yong , Sun Xu 
Published: December 2020

Study Design: A retrospective study. Objectives: To investigate the incidence, management and outcome of delayed deep surgical site infection (SSI) after the spinal deformity surgery. Methods: This study reviewed 5044 consecutive patients who underwent spinal deformity corrective surgery and had been followed over 2 years. Delayed deep SSI were defined as infection involving fascia and muscle and occurring >3 months after the initial procedure. An attempt to retain the implant were initially made for all patients. If the infection failed to be eradicated, the implant removal should be put off until solid fusion was confirmed, usually more than 2 years after the initial surgery. Radiographic data at latest follow-up were compared versus that before implant removal. Results: With an average follow-up of 5.3 years, 56 (1.1%) patients were diagnosed as delayed deep SSI. Seven (12.5%) patients successfully retained instrumentation and there were no signs of recurrence during follow-up (average 3.4 years). The remaining patients, because of persistent or recurrent infection, underwent implant removal 2 years or beyond after the primary surgery, and solid fusion was detected in any case. However, at a minimum 1-year follow-up (average 3.9 years), an average loss of 9° in the thoracic curve and 8° in the thoracolumbar/lumbar curves was still observed. Conclusions: Delayed deep SSI was rare after spinal deformity surgery. To eradicate infection, complete removal of implant may be required in the majority of delayed SSI. Surgeons must be aware of high likelihood of deformity progression after implant removal, despite radiographic solid fusion.