bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of security and traceability of blockchain on digital affordance
Authors: Shin Donghee , Hwang Yujong 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis study takes an affordance approach to explain how users perceive the affordance of user action within blockchain and examines how it influences the subsequent user experience. Focusing on the effect of trust on cognitive processes, the authors analyze how affordances in blockchains affect the user experience.Design/methodology/approachThe blockchain affordances are examined through a two-stage process. The authors employ a qualitative analysis based on insights gained from the current literature and interviews. The authors then apply a quantitative survey to examine the role of trust in interactions with blockchain services. A structural user model was tested in which their appreciation of affordances of blockchain predicted the trust and satisfaction.FindingsUsers' appreciation for transparency and reliability explained to what extent they trust and are satisfied, thereby suggesting the heuristic roles of trust in blockchains. The study findings indicate a heuristic role for trust regarding underlying links to technological and affective affordances. A user's cognitive heuristics affect their attitudes toward blockchain, in which technological features are processed through users' perceptions and experience.Research limitations/implicationsThe model contributes to the conceptualization of security, privacy and traceability along with trust, which is then linked to transparency and reliability. The findings show how the frame of affordances gains explanatory power by being linked to the concepts of affect and emotion. The heuristics of direct perception of security–traceability–privacy (STP) can be used to understand the trajectory of heuristics and ongoing choices of blockchain.Practical implicationsThe study results offer a lens through which to address the technology's most common problems by pairing user experience principles and heuristics to blockchain technologies. This study offers insights into the understanding of user actions related to blockchains and into practical implications for developing trust-based services. The results guide the application and tailoring of motivational affordances in blockchain.Originality/valueWhile blockchain technology has gained popularity and momentum, there has been little research on how specific features of blockchain technology create value. This study contributes to the research gap by highlighting the role and dimension of trust in relation to STP in blockchains and provides meaningful implications for theory and practice.
A BIM-based construction claim management model for early identification and visualization of claims
Authors: Parchami Jalal Majid , Yavari Roushan Tayebe , Noorzai Esmatullah , Alizadeh Maryam 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis study aims at introducing a claim management model based on building information modeling (BIM) for claims that can be visualized in BIM models.Design/methodology/approachBased on the results of a questionnaire survey, 10 claims were identified as claims that can be visualized in BIM models (named hard claims in this study). Then, a BIM-based claim management model was developed and used in a case study.FindingsA BIM-based claim management model is represented. The claim management process through this model consists of four steps: (1) extracting project information, identifying conditions prone to claim and storing them into a relational database, (2) automatically connecting the database to building information model, (3) simulation of the claims in building information model and (4) final calculations and report.Practical implicationsThe proposed model can provide benefits to parties involved in a claim, such as early identification of potential claims, large space for data storage, facilitated claim management processes, information consistency and improved collaboration.Originality/valueThere are a few studies on providing solutions to claim management based on BIM process. Hence, the original contribution of this paper is the attempt to set a link between BIM and claim management processes.
Genesis of Kaolinite Deposits in the Jungar Coalfield, North China: Petrological, Mineralogical and Geochemical Evidence
Authors: LIU Linsong , ZHANG Tongjun , LIU Jianping , LIU Qinfu , LI Kuo , LIU Di , LIU Wanyue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPetrological, mineralogical and geochemical studies carried out on kaolinite deposits in Haerwusu surface mine, Jungar Coalfield, northern Ordos Basin, North China, define their characteristics, ore genesis and economic interest. Based on the crystalline size, two different types of kaolinite rocks, cryptocrystalline and grainy, were identified under the microscope. XRD data show that kaolinite is the predominant mineral, associated with boehmite, magnesite, anatase, pyrite, diaspore and calcite. However, high boehmite content (mean 70%) shows up in the middle layers. Kaolinite minerals present homogeneous shape and a good crystallinity (HI = 0.96–1.26). Geochemical studies show that the SiO2/Al2O3molar ratio of kaolinite is close to the theoretical value, and the contents of Na2O, K2O, CaO, MgO are less, suggesting a strong chemical weathering environment. The REE and Eu anomalies show a close relationship between kaolinite and the Yinshan Oldland granite. A Ce anomaly reflects a continental sedimentary environment with shallow water. A temperature range of 26.7–34°C was calculated on the basis of the isotopic signatures (δ18O,δD) of the kaolinite rocks. All these data indicate that the formation of the kaolinite is caused mainly by the dissolution, coagulation, precipitation and recrystallization of aluminosilicate clastics in acidic conditions. The formation of boehmite in the middle layers indicates that the source rocks have changed. Boehmite is mainly formed by dehydration and compaction of an aluminum‐rich colloid which transported into peat swamp during diagenesis. In addition, it formed by desiliconization of kaolinite under acidic conditions. Due to its high kaolinite content (up to 90%) and low iron mineral content (less than 1%), and good crystallinity, kaolinite deposits occurred at Haerwusu surface mine probably have great economical value in the future.
Grain‐size Age Model in Reconstructing Orbital‐ and Suborbital‐scale Climate Changes on the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Since the Late Glacial
Authors: LI Yuan , ZHAO Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReconstructions of past climatic changes on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) can provide insights into the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) variability. However, the regional climate changes on both orbital and suborbital time scales since the late Glacial remain controversial. Here we present the results of high‐resolution geochemical and grain‐size analyses of a sediment core from Genggahai Lake, a small, shallow lake in this area. Changes of the accumulation rate of the core sediments show a similar trend with variations of the coarse fraction. Accordingly, the chronological framework is constructed using a grain‐size age model. In addition, the histories of chemical weathering and aeolian activity since the late Glacial are reconstructed based on the Al/Ti ratios and coarse fractions, respectively. The results suggest that an enhanced chemical weathering and a weakened aeolian activity occurred on the NETP under a warmer, wetter climate during the early to mid‐Holocene (11.3–6.3 ka cal BP), compared with the late Glacial (17.1–11.3 ka cal BP) and the late Holocene (6.3 ka cal BP to present), which responded mainly to the strengthened ASM on orbital time scale. In addition, the synchronous occurrences of weakened chemical weathering, low lake level and intense aeolian activity on suborbital time scale reflect several episodes of weakened ASM. Furthermore, these episodes largely coincide with the centennial‐ to millennial‐scale cold events in the North Atlantic, which demonstrates the close connection between the ASM and the cooling at high latitudes.
Repetitive elements as a transcriptomic marker of aging: Evidence in multiple datasets and models
Authors: LaRocca Thomas J. , Cavalier Alyssa N. , Wahl Devin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTranscriptomic markers of aging can be useful for studying age‐related processes and diseases. However, noncoding repetitive element (RE) transcripts, which may play an important role in aging, are commonly overlooked in transcriptome studies—and their potential as a transcriptomic marker of aging has not been evaluated. Here, we used multiple RNA‐seq datasets generated from human samples and Caenorhabditis elegans and found that most RE transcripts (a) accumulate progressively with aging; (b) can be used to accurately predict age; and (c) may be a good marker of biological age. The strong RE/aging correlations we observed are consistent with growing evidence that RE transcripts contribute directly to aging and disease.
A case of indirect inguinal bladder hernia treated by laparoscopic hernia repair
Authors: Kohga Atsushi , Okumura Takuya , Yamashita Kimihiro , Isogaki Jun , Suzuki Kenji , Kawabe Akihiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInguinal bladder hernia is a rare clinical condition, and only a small number of reported cases have been treated by laparoscopic surgery. In the present case, the patient was a 78‐year‐old man who presented to our emergency department with a chief complaint of right inguinal bulge and pain. CT imaging revealed an incarcerated right inguinal hernia containing the small intestine and a portion of the urinary bladder. We performed manual reduction of the incarcerated intestine, and he was admitted to the surgical ward for follow‐up. On the 19th day after discharge, recurrence of incarceration developed, and he was readmitted after manual reduction. A laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair was performed. After careful reduction of the protruding bladder from the hernial orifice, we repaired the right inguinal hernia with a mesh prosthesis. We experienced a rare case of right indirect inguinal bladder hernia that was treated successfully with laparoscopic repair.
Pharmacogenomics of anticancer drugs: Personalising the choice and dose to manage drug response
Authors: Carr Daniel F. , Turner Richard M. , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: June 2020

The field of pharmacogenomics has made great strides in oncology over the last 20 years and indeed a significant number of pre‐emptive genetic tests are now routinely undertaken prior to anticancer drug administration. Many of these gene–drug interactions are the fruits of candidate gene and genome‐wide association studies, which have largely focused on common genetic variants (allele frequency>1%). Examples where there is clinical utility include genotyping or phenotyping for G6PD to prevent rasburicase‐induced RBC haemolysis, and TPMT to prevent thiopurine‐induced bone marrow suppression. Other associations such as CYP2D6 status in determining the efficacy of tamoxifen are more controversial because of contradictory evidence from different sources, which has led to variability in the implementation of testing.As genomic technology becomes ever cheaper and more accessible, we must look to the additional data our genome can provide to explain interindividual variability in anticancer drug response. Clearly genes do not act on their own and it is therefore important to investigate genetic factors in conjunction with clinical factors, interacting concomitant drug therapies and other factors such as the microbiome, which can all affect drug disposition. Taking account of all of these factors, in conjunction with the somatic genome, is more likely to provide better predictive accuracy in determining anticancer drug response, both efficacy and safety.This review summarises the existing knowledge related to the pharmacogenomics of anticancer drugs and discusses areas of opportunity for further advances in personalisation of therapy in order to improve both drug safety and efficacy.
Beyond the Stereotype: Restating the Relevance of the Dependency Research Programme
Authors: Kvangraven Ingrid Harvold 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis article evaluates the relevance of dependency theory for understanding contemporary development challenges, especially in the light of changes in the global economy over the past 50 years. In order to do so, the article rectifies previous misunderstandings of the scholarship and offers a new definition of dependency theory as a research programme, rather than a singular theory. Four core tenets of this research programme are identified: a global historical approach; theorizing of the polarizing tendencies of global capitalism; a focus on structures of production; and a focus on the specific constraints faced by peripheral economies. While each of these elements can be found in many contemporary theories, what makes dependency theory unique — and a particularly strong research programme — is the combination of these elements. The article demonstrates how this approach provides a deep and broad understanding that is necessary to appreciate the persistence of uneven development with reference to two case studies, namely successful industrialization in South Korea, and how the fragmentation of global value chains has impacted industrialization in Indonesia. Finally, the article argues that approaching these kinds of cases through a dependency research programme can contribute to a fruitful renewal of development studies.
Psychotic‐like experiences in Chinese children and adolescents: The effect of earthquake exposure, maltreatment and negative life events
Authors: Tang Wanjie , Xu Dun , Yang Yanchun , Xu Jiuping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimPsychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) are common in adolescents who have experienced or are experiencing trauma. However, the potential relationships between exposure to a major earthquake, negative life events or maltreatment and PLEs in Chinese adolescents are poorly understood. Therefore, this study explored the prevalence of PLEs and the psychosocial correlates in adolescent earthquake survivors.MethodsA total of 6132 adolescents from 11 primary and high schools in the areas most severely affected by the Ya'an earthquake completed questionnaires on earthquake exposure, maltreatment, negative life events and PLEs, which included paranoid ideation and psychoticism.ResultsIt was found that earthquake exposure significantly contributed to the PLEs, child maltreatment explained a significant amount of the PLE variances, emotional abuse had the most important PLE role and negative life events also explained a large amount of the PLE variances, of which interpersonal difficulties and academic pressure had the greatest effects.ConclusionsInterventions should seek to reduce parental emotional abuse, reduce academic performance pressure, improve interpersonal skills and resolve interpersonal difficulties, and specific interventions should target children and adolescents exposed to the earthquake to prevent PLEs, schizophrenia or other mental illnesses arising from multiple traumas.
Dynamics of water extractable organic carbon at a subtropical catchment using fluorescence excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis
Authors: Ma Wenming , Li Zhongwu , Ding Keyi , Zhou Qingping 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe vertical and horizontal movement of water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) has a significant influence on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and water quality. However, how the amount, components and chemical qualities of WEOC change at horizontal and vertical levels, as well as desorption in the cascade model in subtropical red soils, are not fully understood. We sampled soils from four types of land (Elaeocarpus, Masson Pine, Crape‐Myrtle and a deposition site) in a subtropical catchment as replicated cores (n = 96) and investigated changes in the molecular and structural constituents of WEOC using excitation‐emission matrix fluorescence and UV–visible absorbance spectroscopy. Our results showed that WEOC concentration changed remarkably in all four plots, and that the concentration coupled with the relative abundance of aromatic compounds decreased with increasing soil depth, whereas low‐molecular‐weight materials increased with increasing soil depth. Five fluorescent components were identified by parallel factor analysis (i.e., tryptophan‐like, tyrosine‐like and three humic‐substance‐like components). The relative abundance of these components suggested that WEOC composition shifted along vertical soil layers. Dynamic variations in fluorescent indices indicated that WEOC from the subsoil has strong biological characteristics. Additionally, there was no significant correlation between WEOC and SOC in subsoil, indicating that much of the WEOC within mineral soils is of local microbial origin rather than from local soil organic matter. Sorption processes alone or stepwise exchange processes of WEOC on the soil minerals do not readily occur, as the red soil in a subtropical area is typically unsaturated and potentially has a large sorption capacity. Once soil carbon is adsorbed, it is difficult to release it into soil water by microbial processing. Data from the deposition site suggest that components of hydrophilic WEOC with low molecular weight are preferentially transported.
The N‐terminal and C‐terminal halves of histone H2A.Z independently function in nucleosome positioning and stability
Authors: Sato Shoko , Tanaka Naoki , Arimura Yasuhiro , Kujirai Tomoya , Kurumizaka Hitoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNucleosome positioning and stability affect gene regulation in eukaryotic chromatin. Histone H2A.Z is an evolutionally conserved histone variant that forms mobile and unstable nucleosomes in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we reconstituted nucleosomes containing human H2A.Z.1 mutants, in which the N‐terminal or C‐terminal half of H2A.Z.1 was replaced by the corresponding canonical H2A region. We found that the N‐terminal portion of H2A.Z.1 is involved in flexible nucleosome positioning, whereas the C‐terminal portion leads to weak H2A.Z.1‐H2B association in the nucleosome. These results indicate that the N‐terminal and C‐terminal portions are independently responsible for the H2A.Z.1 nucleosome characteristics.
Microwave vs conventional porcelain firing: Macroscopic properties
Authors: Santos Tiago , Hennetier Luc , Costa Vítor A. F. , Costa Luis C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the macroscopic properties of porcelain tableware fired in a microwave furnace with six magnetrons (each with a nominal power of 900 W) operating at the frequency of 2.45 GHz. The dependence of firing temperature on physical properties such as shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density, and impact resistance was analyzed. Emphasis is on the differences in the macroscopic properties of microwave and conventionally (gas and electric) fired porcelain. Batches were fired from room temperature up to above the optimum firing temperature (1380°C). Results show similar macroscopic properties for both firing methods, microwave heating required lower firing temperatures (between 1300°C and 1350°C), and shorter processing times (about 70 minutes). The main differences between microwave and electric firing methods occur in a temperature band of 300°C above the porcelain eutectic temperature (close to 1000°C).
Healing of deep dermal burns by allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation
Authors: Wittig Olga , Diaz‐Solano Dylana , Chacín Tulio , Rodriguez Yudith , Ramos Giselle , Acurero Gleriset , Leal Fredy , Cardier Jose E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeep dermal and full‐thickness burns are not only difficult to treat, but they are also associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent reports have proposed the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for inducing tissue repair in burn injuries.ObjectiveWe aim to evaluate the effect of allogeneic MSC transplantation on full‐thickness burns with delayed healing.Material and methodsThis study includes five patients with AB B/B burns. All patients received conservative treatments, including cleaning, debridement of necrotic tissue, and silver based dressing on the burn wounds. Cryopreserved allogeneic MSCs were thawed and rapidly expanded and used for application in burned patients. MSCs were implanted into preclotted platelet‐rich plasma onto the surface of burn wounds.ResultsAll treated burn wounds showed early granulation tissue and rapid re‐epithelialization after MSC transplantation. Healing took between 1 and 5 months after MSC transplantation. Repair of burn wounds was associated with slight discoloration of the regenerated skin without hypertrophic scarring or contractures.ConclusionOur results provide evidence of healing in deep‐ and full‐thickness burns by allogeneic MSC transplantation. Rapid healing of burn patients, after MSC transplantation, improves their quality of life and reduces the length of hospitalization. Future studies incorporating a larger number of patients may confirm the results obtained in this work.
Geriatric 8 screening of frailty in patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Momota Masaki , Hatakeyama Shingo , Soma Osamu , Tanaka Toshikazu , Hamano Itsuto , Fujita Naoki , Okamoto Teppei , Yoneyama Tohru , Yamamoto Hayato , Imai Atsushi , Yoshikawa Kazuaki , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between the score of the Geriatric 8 screening tool and treatment by disease stages in patients with prostate cancer.MethodsBetween January 2017 and June 2019, we prospectively evaluated the Geriatric 8 in 540 prostate cancer patients who were treated with robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy alone and standard of care for metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer or castration‐resistant prostate cancer. The primary purpose was the association between frailty (Geriatric 8 ≤14) and robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy alone, and metastatic diseases. Secondary purposes included a comparison of the Geriatric 8 scores among the disease status and the influence of Geriatric 8 score on overall survival.ResultsThe median age was 75 years. Geriatric 8 scores ≤14 were seen in 36% of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (n = 78/214), 57% of radiotherapy (n = 119/209), 91% of androgen deprivation therapy alone (n = 19/21) and 70% of metastatic diseases (n = 67/96). The median Geriatric 8 score in patients treated with robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy alone and metastatic diseases was 15.0, 14.0, 12.0 and 12.8, respectively. The median Geriatric 8 score was significantly higher in the metastatic disease than that in localized disease (14.5 vs 12.8, respectively). Robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy patients had a significantly higher Geriatric 8 score than radiotherapy patients, with the cut‐off value of <14.5. The overall survival was significantly different between Geriatric 8 scores ≤13 and >13 in metastatic hormone‐naïve prostate cancer patients, and between Geriatric 8 scores ≤12 and >12 in castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients.ConclusionThe Geriatric 8 score is significantly associated with treatment by disease stages in patients with prostate cancer.