bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose adjustment of clopidogrel in hyper-responder patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with stents
Authors: González Alejandro , Ortega-Quintanilla Joaquin , Zapata-Arriaza Elena , de Albóniga-Chindurza Asier , García-Lozano Jose Raul , Luque Vega María Isabel , Cayuela Aurelio 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe management of clopidogrel in hyper-responders has not been well described. We report the treatment and dose adjustment individualization with clopidogrel oral solution (COS) in hyper-responder patients with an unruptured intracranial aneurysm treated with a stent.MethodsA prospective study (2015–2018) in patients receiving clopidogrel prior to endovascular treatment was performed. Platelet reactivity after clopidogrel therapy was evaluated with the VerifyNow PRU test. Initial values ≤80 PRU (P2Y12 reactivity units) were classified as a hyper-response according to prior evidence. Patients were treated with clopidogrel for 7–10 days before stent treatment. Seven days post-procedure the dose of COS was gradually reduced (30 mg–20 mg–10 mg–5 mg) every 5 days to 5 mg (1 mL)/day.ResultsTwenty patients with 24 aneurysms were classified as having a hyper-response to clopidogrel. Mean age was 55.2 years (range 42–64) and 80% were women. Mean baseline PRU value and the percentage of platelet inhibition were 16.4±11.5 PRU and 92.05±7.5%, respectively. The mean time used to decrease the dose of clopidogrel to 5 mg/day was 27±4.3 days. Modified dosing strategies were shown to increase the final PRU values and to decrease the percentage of platelet inhibition (137.42±27.4 and 41.5±14.8%, respectively). Two of the 20 patients with dose adjustment of oral solution of clopidogrel (5 mg/day) in our cohort exhibited a delayed conversion to hypo-response. No patients suffered thromboembolic events related to the dose adjustment of clopidogrel with 5 mg/day during the follow-up.ConclusionReduction of the daily maintenance dose of clopidogrel in hyper-responder patients could provide a similar antiplatelet effect to the standard dose of clopidogrel, allowing a PRU value in the optimal range.
Efficacy and safety of the dual-layer flow-diverting stent (FRED) for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Guimaraens Leopoldo , Vivas Elio , Saldaña Jesus , Llibre Juan Carlos , Gil Alberto , Balaguer Ernest , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Ois Angel 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo describe the efficacy and complications of treating cerebral aneurysms with the Flow Re-direction Endoluminal Device (FRED) and to identify predictors for aneurysm occlusion.MethodsA prospective observational registry including all consecutive aneurysms treated with FRED between December 2015 and July 2018 was designed in one therapeutic neuroangiography department. The primary endpoint for treatment efficacy was complete or near-complete occlusion (O’Kelly–Marotta (OKM) C–D), assessed by three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography. Major (all symptomatics) and minor complications were described and those with modified Rankin Scale scores 3–6 were considered clinically relevant. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of efficacy.ResultsA total of 185 aneurysms were analyzed in 150 patients (mean age 54.3±11.5 years). Mean follow-up was 18.99±11.32 months (range 0–43). Efficacy was evaluated in 156 (84.32%) cases: 132 (84.6%) had OKM C–D occlusion, 31/47 (66%) within the first year and 101/109 (92.7%) later on. Major complications were observed in 12 (6.5%) cases: three strokes (one transient ischemic accident, two minor strokes), six intra-stent thrombosis, and three with bleeding, but only one (0.5%) was clinically relevant. Minor complications (all asymptomatic) were observed in 10 (5.4%) cases: three shortening/repositioning of stent; two arterial dissection, two arterial occlusion, and three intra-stent stenosis. Independent predictors of occlusion were immediate OKM grade B–C–D (OR 4.01, 95% CI 1.51 to 10.62), single aneurysm (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.05 to 10.32), and small size aneurysm (OR 4.74, 95% CI 1.57 to 14.30).ConclusionThe FRED stent fully complied with efficacy and safety requirements for treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Three predictors of aneurysm occlusion were identified.
Consumption of Greek yogurt during 12 weeks of high-impact loading exercise increases bone formation in young, adult males – a secondary analysis from a randomized trial
Authors: Bridge Aaron D. , Brown Joseph , Snider Hayden , Ward Wendy E. , Roy Brian D. , Josse Andrea R. 
Published: October 2019

Exercise combined with protein and calcium has been shown to benefit bone turnover and bone metabolism. Greek yogurt (GY) contains important nutrients that support bone but has yet to be studied with exercise for this purpose. Thirty untrained, university-aged, males were randomized to 2 groups (n = 15/group): GY (20 g protein, 208 mg calcium/dose) or placebo pudding (PP; 0 g protein, 0 g calcium/dose) consumed 3×/day on training days and 2×/day on nontraining days. Both groups underwent a resistance/plyometric training program for 12 weeks. Blood was obtained at weeks 0, 1, and 12 to measure procollagen-type-I-N-terminal-propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal-telopeptide (CTX). After outlier treatment, P1NP increased more over time in GY versus PP (p = 0.002; interaction). Both groups decreased CTX over time (p = 0.046; time effect). Following 1 week of training, there was a trend towards a significant increase in CTX in PP with no change in GY (p = 0.062; interaction). P1NP changed more in GY than PP (baseline to week 12; p = 0.029) as did the P1NP/CTX ratio (p = 0.015) indicating a greater increase in formation with GY. Thus, GY added to a high-load, high-impact exercise program positively shifted bone turnover towards increased formation while attenuating resorption. GY could be a plausible postexercise food to support bone health in young adult males. Novelty Greek yogurt, with exercise, increased bone formation in young adult males over 12 weeks. After 1 week of an osteogenic exercise program, Greek yogurt tended to blunt a rise in bone resorption seen with the placebo. Greek yogurt is a plausible postexercise food that supports bone.
OPTION PRICING WITH HEAVY-TAILED DISTRIBUTIONS OF LOGARITHMIC RETURNS
Authors: BASNARKOV LASKO , STOJKOSKI VIKTOR , UTKOVSKI ZORAN , KOCAREV LJUPCO 
Published: October 2019

A growing body of literature suggests that heavy tailed distributions represent an adequate model for the observations of log returns of stocks. Motivated by these findings, here, we develop a discrete time framework for pricing of European options. Probability density functions of log returns for different periods are conveniently taken to be convolutions of the Student’s [Formula: see text]-distribution with three degrees of freedom. The supports of these distributions are truncated in order to obtain finite values for the options. Within this framework, options with different strikes and maturities for one stock rely on a single parameter — the standard deviation of the Student’s [Formula: see text]-distribution for unit period. We provide a study which shows that the distribution support width has weak influence on the option prices for certain range of values of the width. It is furthermore shown that such family of truncated distributions approximately satisfies the no-arbitrage principle and the put-call parity. The relevance of the pricing procedure is empirically verified by obtaining remarkably good match of the numerically computed values by our scheme to real market data.
Pharmacological Characteristics of Anxiolytics on Acetylcholine-Induced Contractions in Rat Detrusor Smooth Muscle
Authors: Obara Keisuke , Ao Lin , Shimada Toma , Horiguchi Saki , Ikarashi Takumi , Ogawa Tsukasa , Yoshioka Kento , Yamaki Fumiko , Matsuo Kazuhiro , Yoshio Takashi , Tanaka Yoshio 
Published: October 2019

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Benzodiazepine anxiolytics are believed to cause urination disorders due to their anticholinergic effects. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study was carried out to investigate the potential inhibitory effects of 15 clinically available anxiolytics in Japan on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contractions in rat detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) to predict whether these anxiolytics could induce urination disorders. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> ­Effects of anxiolytics on contractions induced by ACh and 80 mmol/L KCl solution in rat DSM and effects of anxiolytics on specific binding of [<i>N</i>-methyl-<sup>3</sup>H]scopolamine ([<sup>3</sup>H]NMS) in mouse cerebral cortex were investigated. <b><i>Results and Conclusions:</i></b> ACh-induced contractions in rat DSM were inhibited by clotiazepam and diazepam (benzodiazepine anxiolytics) at concentrations that were clinically relevant. These contractions were also significantly inhibited by paroxetine, escitalopram (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ­[SSRIs]), and hydroxyzine (a histamine H<sub>1</sub> receptor antagonist), albeit at concentrations that substantially exceeded clinically achievable blood levels. At a concentration of 10<sup>–5</sup> mol/L, paroxetine, escitalopram, and hydroxyzine inhibited 80 mmol/L high-KCl solution-induced rat DSM contractions but not clotiazepam and diazepam. Paroxetine, escitalopram, and hydroxyzine also inhibited specific binding of [<sup>3</sup>H]NMS in mouse cerebral cortex but clotiazepam and diazepam did not. In contrast to the effects of the abovementioned anxiolytics, ACh-induced contractions were not significantly affected by tofisopam, alprazolam, lorazepam, bromazepam, oxazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, ethyl loflazepate (benzodiazepine anxiolytics), fluvoxamine (an SSRI), or tandospirone (a serotonin 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor agonist). These findings suggest that most clinically used anxiolytics are not likely to result in anticholinergic-induced urination disorders within their clinically achievable blood concentration ranges. However, clotiazepam and diazepam may induce urination disorders within their clinical dose ranges via nonanticholinergic inhibition of DSM contractility.
Use of Experts in International Freshwater Disputes
Authors: Mbengue Makane Moïse , Das Rukmini 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInternational disputes related to freshwater resources are increasing in number and complexity. The rising complexity is necessarily accompanied and compounded by the involvement of experts in dispute resolution. This monograph examines, through case studies of international tribunal decisions, the role and use (or absence) of experts in international freshwater disputes. Through this examination, the authors identify the good practices as well as the lacunae in expert use in disputes of this nature. The monograph goes on to suggest the best practices with respect to expert involvement and use for a more fair and efficient resolution of international water disputes.
The Association Between Age at Palatoplasty and Speech and Language Outcomes in Children With Cleft Palate: An Observational Chart Review Study
Authors: Shaffer Amber D. , Ford Matthew D. , Losee Joseph E. , Goldstein Jesse , Costello Bernard J. , Grunwaldt Lorelei J. , Jabbour Noel 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine whether timing of palatoplasty (early, standard, or late) is associated with speech and language outcomes in children with cleft palate. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Tertiary care children’s hospital. Participants: Records from 733 children born between 2005 and 2015 and treated at the Cleft Craniofacial Clinic of a tertiary children’s hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria were cleft repair at an outside hospital, intact secondary palate, absence of postpalatoplasty speech evaluation, syndromes, staged palatoplasty, and introduction to clinic after 12 months of age. Data from 232 children with cleft palate ± cleft lip were analyzed. Interventions: Palatoplasty. Main Outcome Measures: Speech/language delays and disorders at 20 months and 5 years of age based on formal hospital or community-based testing or screening evaluation in the Cleft Craniofacial Clinic; additional speech surgery. Results: Median age at palatoplasty was 12.6 months (range: 8.8-21.9 months). Age at palatoplasty was classified as early (<11 months, n = 28), standard (11-13 months, n = 158), or late (>13 months, n = 46). Late palatoplasty was associated with increased odds of speech/language delays and speech therapy at 20 months, and language delays at 5 years, compared with standard or early palatoplasty ( P < .05 for all comparisons). However, speech sound production disorders, velopharyngeal incompetence, tube replacement, and hearing loss were not significantly associated with age at palatoplasty. Conclusions: Late palatoplasty may be associated with short- and long-term delays in speech/language development. Future studies with standardized surgical technique/timing and outcome measures are required to more definitively describe the impact of age at palatoplasty on speech/language development.
Subsequent Pain or Injury After Foot and Ankle Surgery in Patients Receiving Workers’ Compensation
Authors: Bui Gabrielle , Gao Yubo , Glass Natalie , Cychosz Christopher , Marsh John Lawrence , Phisitkul Phinit 
Published: October 2019

Background: Workers’ compensation (WC) has been associated with poor outcomes following a variety of injuries and surgeries, but rates of subsequent pain or injury (SPI) following surgery have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rates, locations, and risk factors of SPI in WC patients and non-WC patients who underwent the same surgeries. Methods: With institutional review board approval, records from foot or ankle surgery performed by author P.P. from 2009 to 2015 were obtained. A retrospective chart review was performed on all WC and non-WC patients with at least 1 Current Procedural Terminology code of interest. SPI was defined as a new injury at a different anatomical location occurring 2 months to 2 years after the index surgery. Chi-square and 2-tailed t tests were used to compare risk factors and rates of SPI in both groups. Results: The WC population had higher rates of SPI than the non-WC population. Specifically, 13 of 56 WC patients (23.2%) vs 12 of 165 non-WC patients (7.3%) reported SPI ( P = .001). The hip, knee, and contralateral foot and ankle were common areas of SPI in both groups. Legal representation and increased age were risk factors for SPI in the WC population. Specifically, 10 of 13 WC patients with SPI had legal representation vs 16 of 43 WC patients without SPI ( P = .02). Female sex was a risk factor for SPI in the non-WC population. Conclusions: WC patients had higher rates of subsequent pain or injury than non-WC patients. Legal representation was a risk factor for SPI in the WC population. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
Surgical Treatment of Severe Ptosis by Modified Brow Suspension Technique
Authors: Ali Ali Adawal , Hassan Abdulhameed Abdul Majeed , Salman Marwan Salah 
Published: October 2019

Background: Blepharoptosis can occur at any age. Its surgical correction may be indicated for functional and cosmetic purposes. Blepharoptosis treatment in children <3 years old may be required on an urgent basis to prevent amblyopia. The type of surgery depends on the severity of ptosis. The purpose of the study is to assess the functional results and complications of frontalis sling operation using double-threaded prolene as a suspensory material to correct severe ptosis with minimal or no levator muscle function. Methods: In total, 72 lids of 59 patients (both male and female) having severe unilateral or bilateral ptosis were included. Frontalis sling with double-threaded prolene using cannula for introducing prolene was used to correct severe ptosis in these patients. Patients were followed up for an average of 21 (range: 12-24) months postoperatively for evaluating the functional and cosmetic results as well as possible complications. Results: Favourable long-term functional and cosmetic results were achieved in most patients. The overall recurrence rate of ptosis was in 5 lids, most of which were in <5-year-old patients. Other complications were incomplete closure in 2 lids, overcorrection in 1 lid, and corneal exposure and exposure keratitis in 1 eye. Infection, wound problems, and supratarsal sulcus obliteration were not observed in any case during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Frontalis sling operation using double-threaded prolene as a suspensory material is an effective technique to correct severe ptosis.
Effects and side effects of plasmonic photothermal therapy in brain tissue
Authors: He Yue , Laugesen Kristoffer , Kamp Dana , Sultan Salik A. , Oddershede Lene B. , Jauffred Liselotte 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Heat generated from plasmonic nanoparticles can be utilized in plasmonic photothermal therapy. A combination of near-infrared laser and plasmonic nanoparticles is compelling for the treatment of brain cancer, due to the efficient light-to-heat conversion and bio-compatibility. However, one of the challenges of plasmonic photothermal therapy is to minimize the damage of the surrounding brain tissue. The adjacent tissue can be damaged as a result of either absorption of laser light, thermal conductivity, nanoparticles diffusing from the tumor, or a combination hereof. Hence, we still lack the full understanding of the light–tissue interaction and, in particular, the thermal response.

Results
We tested the temperature change in three different porcine cerebral tissues, i.e., the stem, the cerebrum, and the cerebellum, under laser treatment. We find that the different tissues have differential optical and thermal properties and confirm the enhancement of heating from adding plasmonic nanoparticles. Furthermore, we measure the loss of laser intensity through the different cerebral tissues and stress the importance of correct analysis of the local environment of a brain tumor.

Conclusions
Our results stress the conclusion that a personalized analysis of the local environment is needed to balance the effect and side effects prior to plasmonic photothermal therapy.
MicroRNAs and their regulatory networks in Chinese Gushi chicken abdominal adipose tissue during postnatal late development
Authors: Chen Yi , Zhao Yinli , Jin Wenjiao , Li Yuanfang , Zhang Yanhua , Ma Xuejie , Sun Guirong , Han Ruili , Tian Yadong , Li Hong , Kang Xiangtao , Li Guoxi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal fat is the major adipose tissue in chickens. The growth status of abdominal fat during postnatal late development ultimately affects meat yield and quality in chickens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in the biological processes involved in adipose tissue development. However, few studies have investigated miRNA expression profiles and their interaction networks associated with the postnatal late development of abdominal adipose tissue in chickens.ResultsWe constructed four small RNA libraries from abdominal adipose tissue obtained from Chinese domestic Gushi chickens at 6, 14, 22, and 30 weeks. A total of 507 known miRNAs and 53 novel miRNAs were identified based on the four small RNA libraries. Fifty-one significant differentially expressed (SDE) miRNAs were identified from six combinations by comparative analysis, and the expression patterns of these SDE miRNAs were divided into six subclusters by cluster analysis. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the SDE miRNAs were primarily involved in the regulation of fat cell differentiation, regulation of lipid metabolism, regulation of fatty acid metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the lipid metabolism- or deposition-related biological process categories. In addition, we constructed differentially expressed miRNA–mRNA interaction networks related to abdominal adipose development. The results showed that miRNA families, such as mir-30, mir-34, mir-199, mir-8, and mir-146, may have key roles in lipid metabolism, adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, and cell junctions during abdominal adipose tissue development in chickens.ConclusionsThis study determined the dynamic miRNA transcriptome and characterized the miRNA–mRNA interaction networks in Gushi chicken abdominal adipose tissue for the first time. The results expanded the number of known miRNAs in abdominal adipose tissue and provide novel insights and a valuable resource to elucidate post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms during postnatal late development of abdominal adipose tissue in chicken.
Knee septic arthritis caused by α-hemolytic Streptococcus in a patient with a recent history of knee arthroscopy: a case report
Authors: Balato Giovanni , Ascione Tiziana , Iorio Paolino , De Franco Cristiano , De Matteo Vincenzo , D’Addona Alessio , Tammaro Nicola , Pellegrino Achille 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is a common procedure in orthopedic practice. Infections are uncommon complications of this procedure with an incidence rate of 0,01% - 3,4%. Staphylococcus spp are the predominant causative agents in such cases. We present a case of knee septic arthritis caused by α-hemolytic Streptococcus.

Case presentation
A 22-year-old woman diagnosed with obesity (body mass index [BMI] 35 kg/m2) but with no other major comorbidities underwent an arthroscopic selective meniscectomy with administration of intravenous cefazolin for antibiotic prophylaxis. After an uneventful period of 2 months, the patient returned with pain, fever and a discharging sinus at the site of anterolateral arthroscopic portal. Blood tests and magnetic resonance imaging revealed osteomyelitis involving the tibial plate. Cultures of synovial fluid obtained from the knee and a pharyngeal swab yielded α-hemolytic Streptococcus. Five days later, the patient underwent arthroscopic debridement with partial synovectomy. Intraoperative specimens yielded α-hemolytic Streptococcus. The patient received intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam, followed by an associative regimen of amoxicillin and clindamycin with clinical, laboratory and instrumental evidence of symptom resolution.

Conclusion
The incidence of knee septic arthritis after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is 0.01–3.4%. This infection is usually caused by Staphylococcus spp. and in rare cases by commensal bacteria, such as α-hemolytic streptococci, secondary to transient bacteremia. Screening of the colonized area is important to prevent possible transient bacteremia. Diagnosis is based on isolation of the causative organisms from synovial fluid cultures, and treatment comprises arthroscopic debridement with individualized systemic antibiotic therapy based on the results of an antibiogram.
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure with head cap fixation as a contributing factor to extensive scalp necrosis in a preterm neonate with early-onset sepsis and scalp hematoma
Authors: Zachhau P. , Gravergaard A. E. , Christesen H. T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is widely used in the treatment and prevention of respiratory distress in preterm neonates, with only few severe adverse skin effects reported.

Case presentation
A preterm neonate was born at 34 + 1 weeks of gestation, birth weight 1860 g, and presented with early-onset sepsis (EOS) and scalp hematoma. He developed respiratory distress day 2 after birth. Antibiotics, nasal CPAP and other supportive treatment were initiated. A scalp hematoma in the occipital region was complicated by nasal CPAP cap pressure leading to an extensive scalp necrosis equaling 6% of the total body surface. Debridement and skin grafting were performed day 11, and 51, respectively. The boy survived with good healing of the skin graft.

Conclusion
The nasal CPAP head cap contributed to the development of severe, but potentially preventable, scalp necrosis in a preterm with birth-related scalp skin injury and EOS.