bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EMOTIONS AND WELL-BEING IN LATER LIFE CHILDHOOD HAPPINESS, SELF-MASTERY, AND LATER-LIFE HEALTH
Authors: Lee Haena , Schafer Markus H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Considerable work has documented that positive childhood memories, especially childhood happiness, predict better health among young adults. However, it is not known whether growing up happy has enduring health consequences across the life course. Using two waves of the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (2010-2011 and 2015-2016; N = 1,937), we investigate the relationship between childhood happiness and changes in physical, mental, and biological functioning in later life. Childhood happiness was retrospectively assessed using a question: “When I was growing up, my family life was always happy.” Self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and frailty over a five-year period were examined to reflect changes in functional status. Childhood SES and living arrangement were examined to assess childhood sociodemographic background. Educational attainment, family support and strain, and self-mastery were considered as potential mediators. We find that, among other childhood factors, childhood happiness significantly predicts older adult health. Specifically, childhood happiness was associated with better self-rated health and lower depressive symptoms at follow-up, net of baseline health conditions. We did not find a relationship between frailty and childhood happiness. Unlike prior work, we found no significant effect of childhood SES on the measured outcomes. Associations between childhood happiness and self-rated health and depression were mediated by psychosocial resources including self-mastery and perceived social support from family members. This implies that growing up in nurturing, cherished family environment has the potential to cultivate social relationships and build resilience which could provide an important pathway to successful aging.
RETIREMENT FINANCIAL LITERACY LEVELS AMONG JAMAICANS
Authors: Donaldson-Davis Kayon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although the general literacy rate (ability to read and write at a 6th-grade level or higher) of Jamaicans is 89%, the number of people who are adequately prepared financially is not comparable. Dissertation research findings revealed that 52% (n=203) of respondents had not received any financial education. Approximately 71% of respondents who reported high levels of financial distress and low financial well-being, had not received financial information about retirement planning. Results from the 2012 Social Status on the Elderly in Jamaica showed that 60.5% (n=1,716) of respondents had no pension and of those receiving money from abroad, most (75.0%, n=813) indicated that they received it only occasionally. Those who were self-employed, women and rural residents were most likely not to have a pension. This paper describes financial literacy levels among Jamaicans using two separate data sets – the 2012 Social Status on the Elderly and the 2018 Financial Preparation Study.
PILOTING THE MONEY SMART FINANCIAL LITERACY PROGRAM IN JAMAICA
Authors: Willie-Tyndale Douladel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the piloting of a culturally modified version of the FDIC Money Smart Peer-to-Peer Program. The pilot study examined the use of Mentorship Teams comprised of two persons one (60 years and over) and another (30 - 59 years) who collectively provided mentorship and financial education to four working-age adults. The pilot was designed with four (4) phases: Phase 1 included recruitment and training of Mentors, Phase 2 the assignment of Mentors and Mentees, Phase 3 application of the intervention, and Phase 4 the evaluation of outcomes. This paper will review the design and recruitment processes, modifications made to the existing Money Smart Peer-to-Peer Program for cultural sensitivity and financial system factors, implementation challenges (including barriers and facilitators) and lessons derived from initiation and program implementation.
UTILIZATION TRENDS OF NEWLY APPROVED GLUCOSE-LOWERING DRUGS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Dave Chintan , Kim Dae , Patorno Elisabetta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using Medicare fee-for-service data from 2013-2015, we identified 3.2 million patients per year (mean [SD] age, 74.7 years [standard deviation, 7.2]) who were treated with glucose-lowering drugs for type 2 diabetes. Between 2013 and 2015, the proportion of patients treated with sulfonylureas declined from 27.4% to 25.1%; those using DPP4is (11.5% to 12.0%) and GLP1-RAs (1.8% to 2.4%) remained unchanged; those using SGLT2is increased from 0.2% to 1.9%. In the subgroup of patients initiating a glucose-lowering drug without prior use of the same class agent, the proportion of patients starting sulfonylureas (18.7% to 17.2% of initiators), DPP4is (16.0% to 15.0% of initiators), and GLP1-RAs (3.4% to 4.2% of initiators) changed little between 2013 and 2015, while those starting SGLT2is increased from 0.7% to 6.5% of initiators. In the Medicare population, we observed a persistently high use of sulfonylureas and a rapid uptake of SGLT2is among the newer classes.
COLLECTING RESIDENT DATA FROM RESIDENTIAL CARE COMMUNITIES USING MAIL QUESTIONNAIRES: A NEW APPROACH
Authors: Tunalilar Ozcan , Carder Paula C , Dys Sarah , Elliott Sheryl 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Researchers who collect resident-level data from RCCs face several challenges. Conducting face-to-face, on-site interviews with administrators is costly and presents scheduling difficulties. Contacting administrators by telephone requires multiple attempts. Even when they are reached, they have limited time and might not share resident-level data. To overcome these difficulties, the current survey of Oregon RCCs combines a mail questionnaire with a self-administered sampling tool that allowed communities to select a random sample of their residents (two from each community). Pilot interviews with administrators indicated they were able to select a random sample of their residents easily, quickly, and accurately using this method. The feasibility and validity of this method were further tested by comparing results to community-level aggregate data collected using traditional mail questionnaires from RCCs (n=392). The similarities and differences between resident- and community-level data are discussed within the context of sampling design and mode of data collection from RCCs.
LESSONS LEARNED FROM QUALITY IMPROVEMENT DATA COLLECTION FROM ASSISTED LIVING PROVIDERS
Authors: Schwartz Lindsay 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In 2012, the American Health Care Association/National Center for Assisted Living (AHCA/NCAL) launched the Quality Initiative, which was focused on four measurable goals: reduce hospital readmissions; reduce off-label use of antipsychotics; improve staff stability; and improve customer satisfaction. With this initiative, assisted living providers required measures to track their progress. In 2015, to enable benchmarking and comprehensive tracking, these measures were added to LTC Trend Tracker, AHCA/NCAL’s online data collection portal. There have been challenges to getting providers to voluntarily submit data, including time, concerns about privacy, understanding the measures, and learning to use LTC Trend Tracker. We have worked consistently with providers to understand challenges of data submission and assist with lessening the burden such as enabling vendors to upload data. To increase participation, we have learned that measures should be easily understood; measures should be specific and important to providers and consumers; and education and training are important.
TAPPING NATURAL NETWORKS TO ADDRESS DEMENTIA IN A LATINO COMMUNITY
Authors: Gelman Caroline , Giunta Nancy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The need for health education regarding Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), specifically designed for Latinos, has been well-documented. Many Latino older adults and their families delay seeking formal help for ADRD symptoms due to lack of information and access to culturally sensitive services. This paper presents preliminary findings of community-based participatory research to develop El Barrio SHARE, a culturally-tailored intervention tapping natural helpers (NHs) to address a need identified by community members in East Harlem, NY. It trains people who often interact with elders in the course of their work (e.g., hairdressers, bodega clerks), and are well-positioned to observe and detect ADRD-related problems and potentially link elders to relevant services. Findings from a process evaluation developing the 10-module NH training suggest that (a) participants seek information that debunks myths and stigma surrounding ADRD, and (b) the need for culturally-tailored, participant-centered interventions in marginalized communities is critical.
SOCIOCULTURAL VARIABILITY IN SELF-REPORTED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG OLDER LATINOS IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Garcia Marc A , Warner David F , Garcia Catherine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a major public health concern in the United States. Research indicates cognitive impairment is higher for older U.S. Latinos than non-Latino whites, due in part to Latinos having longer life expectancy, lower educational attainment, and a higher prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Prior studies on cognition have largely examined “Latinos” as a monolithic group. However, Latinos are heterogeneous in composition with unique socio-cultural characteristics based on nativity and country of origin. Accordingly, we used data from the 1997-2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to document age-specific trends in in self-reported cognitive impairment among US-born Mexican, foreign-born Mexican, island-born Puerto Rican, foreign-born Cuban, and non-Latino white adults aged 60 and older. Given the repeated cross-sectional nature of these data, we estimated hierarchical age period–cohort (HAPC) cross-classified random-effects model (CCREM) to isolate age trends in self-reported cognitive impairment across Latino subgroups and non-Latino whites. Results indicate significant heterogeneity among Latino subgroups, with island-born Puerto Ricans exhibiting the highest rates of cognitive impairment and foreign-born Cubans the lowest. Conversely, US-born and foreign-born Mexicans exhibited rates in between these two. All Latino subgroups statistically differed from non-Latino whites. Socio-demographic controls account for approximately 33%-45% of the disparity, but fully account for foreign-born Cubans and non-Latino whites differences. These findings indicate the importance of considering nativity and country of origin when assessing cognitive outcomes among older Latinos. Understanding minority and immigrant differences in cognitive impairment has implications for the development and implementation of culture-appropriate programs to promote healthy brain aging.
STRENGTH IN SEEKING SUPPORT: OLDER LATINOS’ ATTITUDES ABOUT CANCER
Authors: Carrion Iraida V , Estapé Tania , Neelamegam Malinee , Roberts Jane , Estapé Jorge 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Given the growing Latino population 60 years and older, the current lack of relevant data, there is an urgent need to understand their attitudes about cancer to ensure effective prevention, intervention, and psycho-social care. A survey exploring attitudes about cancer was developed and administered in Spanish. Using convenience sampling (N = 168), univariate analysis was done to understand the study population’s characteristics. Frequencies were assessed to understand participants’ responses to questions on cancer-related attitudes. The effects of age, country of origin, length of stay in the U.S., and marital status were assessed using logistic regression. The participants had a mean age of 67.9 years, 65.5% were female, 56.5% were married or living with a partner, and 35.5% had tertiary education. Most respondents were from South America (46.7%), with a mean length of stay in the U.S. of 25.8 years. A high number (91.0%) indicated a preference to know if they had cancer, and 87.5% said that they would share their diagnosis with family and friends. Of the respondents, 80.4% felt that cancer patients should receive care from a psychologist and that cancer improves if a patient is lively and positive (82.6%). Compared to college-educated individuals, those with a high school education were less likely to choose to know about a cancer diagnosis (β=-1.92, p&lt;0.01) or share it (β= 1.78, p&lt;0.001). Attitudes about cancer vary depending on the educational level of older Latinos and may impact treatment decisions. These findings can enhance cancer information and education for older Latinos.
THE POWER OF CANCER KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE AMONG OLDER LATINOS
Authors: Carrion Iraida V , Estapé Tania , Neelamegam Malinee , Roberts Jane , Estapé Jorge 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Prior studies have indicated that older Latinos/as diagnosed with cancer experience social inequalities and other barriers due to their limited English language proficiency and access to health care (Fernández & Morales, 2007). In addition, for Latinos, a cancer diagnosis magnifies health disparities substantially (Gehlert & Colditz, 2011). Despite the impact of the cancer experience, Latinos manifest meaning-based beliefs and coping strategies in dealing with cancer diagnoses (Carrion, Nedjat-Haiem, Macip-Billbe, Black, 2017). However, little is known about older Latinos’ (60 years and older) transmission of knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes to family members and friends. Understanding older Latinos’ advice regarding cancer is essential, given their role in the transmission of knowledge. This study disseminates the latest qualitative findings on older Latinos/as and explores the perspectives shared with family members and friends by non-cancer participants. It explores the types of knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and advice older Latinos provide to family members and friends about cancer. The data represent individuals without cancer (n=168) residing in the Greater Tampa Bay area. Latinos manifest meaning-based beliefs and coping strategies that assist in dealing with their cancer diagnoses and access to care. Recruitment occurred in community-based settings, with interviews conducted in Spanish and transcribed into English. Qualitative data were analyzed using a constant comparison method and coded in ATLAS.ti to identify emerging themes, including knowledge that a cancer diagnosis is beyond individual control and is in God’s hands, careful choice of a doctor to ensure proper prevention and treatment, and a positive attitude despite the cancer diagnosis.
MARKERS AND BIOMARKERS OF DEMENTIA BDNF GENOTYPE AND CHANGES IN WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITIES AND HIPPOCAMPAL MICROSTRUCTURE IN OLDER MEN AND WOMEN
Authors: Shaaban C Elizabeth , Metti Andrea , Barha Cindy , Yaffe Kristine , Rosano Caterina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may protect against cerebral gray and white matter impairments in older age. The val66met genetic polymorphism of BDNF is recently emerging as an early marker of brain structural integrity. However, evidence is sparse, cross-sectional, and mostly in men. In a longitudinal cohort study of community-dwelling older adults (N=139, mean age=81.6, 58% female, 58% white, mean follow-up=3.4 years), we estimated the overall and sex-stratified effects of BDNF val66met polymorphism on changes in cognition and gray and white matter macro- and micro-structure. Annualized percent change was computed for volume of white matter (WM) hyperintensities and gray matter (GM), fractional anisotropy of normal appearing WM, and mean diffusivity (MD) of GM in whole brain and memory and executive control function networks. Significant associations were adjusted for variables differing by genotype (race, APOE4, diabetes, triglycerides, smoking). Compared to met carriers, val homozygotes had slower annual whole brain WMH accrual (median (IQR) 31.4% (61.7) vs. 60.7% (92.4)), stronger in women. Met carriers had slower annual accrual of hippocampal MD (median (IQR) 1.26% (0.92) vs. 1.85% (1.09) for right hippocampus, stronger for women, and 1.45% (1.06) vs. 1.97% (1.22) for left hippocampus, stronger for men) compared to val homozygotes. Associations were robust to covariates’ adjustment. BDNF polymorphism was not associated with cognitive changes. BDNF polymorphism may help in early identification of those more likely to resist accrual of WMH and loss of hippocampal microstructural integrity, with effects varying by sex.
SURVIVAL OF PEOPLE WITH CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA IN HONG KONG: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Authors: Luo Hao , Chai Yi , Tang Jennifer Y M , Wong Gloria H Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Studies on survival of people with clinical diagnosis of dementia can provide estimates of care outcomes of a health system and offer real-life insights on how to provide better support for the target population. This study aims to estimate survival from the point of recorded diagnosis of dementia, compared with people without dementia. Methods: This case-control study used data from Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS), a population-wide databased managed by Hong Kong Hospital Authority. All patients aged 60 years or over with a first-ever code for dementia from 2001 and 2010 (N=24,250) were matched with patients without dementia by sex and index date at a 1: 2 ratio. We adopted Cox proportional hazard model to estimate hazard ratios, with and without adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, and high cholesterol). Results: A total of 5,847 patients have a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and 7,729 have vascular dementia (VaD). The median survival time, calculated based on the Kaplan-Meier estimator, for patients with dementia of any kind, AD, and VaD were 1163, 2448, and 1268 days, respectively. Compared with the control group, the raw and adjusted hazard ratios for dementia were 2.78 (95% CI, 2.71-2.84) and 1.14 (1.13-1.17), respectively. Conclusions: Median survival times were much lower than figures reported by other regions and in screened populations. The high risk of death may be an indicator of late diagnosis and hence call for promoting early diagnosis to ensure timely intervention.
COLLEGE COMPLETION AS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR FOR LATER-LIFE COGNITION: ISSUES OF SELECTION
Authors: Greenfield Emily , Akincigil Ayse , Moorman Sara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Additional years of education is considered a modifiable protective factor against Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. However, some empirical studies have suggested that linkages between educational attainment and later life cognition are largely a function of differential selection into higher education. Our study uses data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, as one of the longest-running cohort studies in the U.S., to further probe how differential selection into higher education might influence associations between college completion and later life cognition. Using adjusted inverse probability weighting and with particular attention to adolescent IQ, we find evidence that college completion is associated with better language for both men and women at age 65, as well as with better memory for men. Examining heterogeneous treatment effects, we further find that associations between college completion and later life cognition are strongest for men who were least likely as adolescents to attend college.
CARING FOR OLDER INDIGENOUS PEOPLE WITH CO-MORBIDITIES AT END OF LIFE
Authors: Mason Kathleen R , Moeke-Maxwell Tess H , Gott Merryn 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The number of deaths among older Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, are expected to increase by 48% by 2030. Colonization has had a varied impact on Māori ways of being and end-of-life care has become more difficult. Many have become disenfranchised from their families, peoples, lands and culture. Pae Herenga, a for-Māori by-Māori with-Māori qualitative research project, investigated the traditional Māori end-of-life care customs that Māori families used while caring for someone who was dying. An online education resource was developed to support Māori families, their communities and the palliative care sector. Interviews were conducted with 60 Māori participants including older many people (aged over 70). The findings found that families rich in cultural knowledge were proficient in caring for a loved one at end-of-life irrespective of their social or economic position. Cultural care values such as unconditional love, companionship, reciprocity, supportive relationships and collective decision making safeguarded care preferences of the dying. Access to traditional knowledge and traditional healing practices, and an understanding of spirituality helped to strengthen and prepare the dying person, and their families, on the end-of-life journey. The study also found that those families connected to communities’ rich in Māori cultural resources, such as knowledgeable older Māori people, were well supported by the community at end-of-life. This study highlights that Māori use of traditional care customs in all care settings can better support a ‘good death’ from a cultural perspective.
STYLE AND SUBSTANCE: A QUALITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF DEMENTIA CAREGIVING MANAGEMENT STYLES
Authors: Leggett Amanda N , Bugajski Benjamin , Webster Breanna , Broderick Brianna , Watkins Daphne , Gitlin Laura , Kales Helen C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Caring for a person living with dementia (PLWD) can take a physical and emotional toll, but understudied is the process of how family caregivers actually provide care (caregiver management styles). We interviewed 100 primary family caregivers regarding management of a recently experienced care challenge and values held which might impact care management decisions. Watkins’ (2017) rigorous and accelerated data reduction (RADaR) technique was used to analyze qualitative data through open/focused coding, determining commonalities of style components/themes, and finally defining caregiving management styles. Style for a given caregiver emerged from enacted care strategies, caregiver’s internal stances which informed their use of strategies, and broader engagement (or lack thereof) with the PLWD’s lived experience/reality. Styles emerging from the analysis will be described including the direct, rigid “Just do it” style, and the flexible, empathic “Teamwork” style. Individualizing caregiver interventions and supports based on caregiver management style is an important future direction.
TAKING A BREAK: DAILY RESPITE EFFECTS OF ADULT DAY SERVICE AS ACTUAL TIME AWAY FROM CAREGIVING
Authors: Wylie Molly J , Kim Kyungmin , Liu Yin , Zarit Steven H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Adult day service (ADS) can provide emotional and physical relief for caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD). Studies have examined differences between caregivers of service users and non-users; less known, however, is how actual hours away from caregiving responsibilities through using ADS impact caregivers’ daily outcomes. Using daily diary data from 173 family caregivers whose relatives are using ADS (day N = 1,359), this study investigated within-person differences in respite hours across 8 consecutive days and how daily respite hours are associated with daily well-being (i.e., mood and health symptoms). On average, caregivers reported 7.12 respite hours on ADS days and 1.74 respite hours on non-ADS days. Multilevel models revealed that having more respite hours is associated with better positive mood, but not with negative mood and health symptoms – after controlling for ADS use. Further, when caregivers perceived more break time from caregiving responsibilities, they showed better positive mood.