bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐native Chinook salmon add nutrient subsidies and functional novelty to Patagonian streams
Authors: Muñoz Nicolas J. , Reid Brian , Correa Cristian , Neff Bryan D. , Reynolds John D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The impacts of non‐native species are hypothesised to be proportional to the functional distinctiveness of invaders in their invaded ecosystems. Throughout the Patagonia region of southern South America, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) have recently established non‐native populations, and their anadromous, semelparous life cycle could be functionally unique such that marine‐derived nutrients are delivered to streams which have historically lacked such a resource linkage with the ocean.

We tested the hypothesis that salmon subsidise biofilm‐associated algae in streams throughout the Aysén province of southern Chile. Using spatial and temporal variation in the presence of salmon among multiple streams and across two spawning seasons, we found strong evidence of salmon‐subsidised algae in three out of four streams examined that have spawning salmon populations.

The biofilm of subsidised streams had enriched stable isotopic ratios of nitrogen and carbon, indicating that marine‐derived nutrients were incorporated by biofilms. This nutrient uptake translated into increased algal biomass and percent of total biofilm biomass composed of algae, indicating that the incorporation of marine‐derived nutrients stimulated autotrophic production of biomass.

In one stream, the incorporation of marine‐derived nutrients by biofilm occurred in only one of the two studied spawning seasons. Incorporation occurred in a year with low flows of water throughout salmon spawning (4.59 m3/s) and did not occur in a year with much higher flows (41.6 m3/s), suggesting that inter‐annual variation in discharge can mediate the subsidising effect of salmon.

These results indicate that Chinook salmon have bridged the historical gap between productive marine ecosystems and nutrient‐poor stream ecosystems in Patagonia. Anadromous salmon can be a significant source of nutrients in nutrient‐limited catchments, and their ongoing expansion in southern South America is likely to entail ecological impacts in stream and riparian food webs.
Low back pain is closely associated with frailty but not with sarcopenia: Cross‐sectional study of rural Japanese community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Tsuji Shotaro , Shinmura Ken , Nagai Koutatsu , Wada Yosuke , Kusunoki Hiroshi , Tamaki Kayoko , Ito Masako , Sano Kyoko , Amano Manabu , Hasegawa Yoko , Kishimoto Hiromitsu , Maruo Keishi , Iseki Tomoya , Tachibana Toshiya 
Published: November 2020

AimWe speculated that low back pain, which is the most common ailment in older adults, is associated with frailty and/or sarcopenia and contributes to the progression of either condition. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between low back pain, sarcopenia and frailty in rural Japanese community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsWe recruited 730 participants aged ≥65 years who underwent a comprehensive health examination between November 2016 and December 2018. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to assess low back pain quantitatively, and scores were compared for the frail groups determined by the Japanese version of Cardiovascular Health Study, and the sarcopenia groups as determined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019.ResultsAmong 730 participants, the prevalence of low back pain was 57.8%. There were significant differences in the ODI scores between the robust, prefrail and frail groups (P < 0.001). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the ODI scores among the robust, low appendicular skeletal muscle and sarcopenia groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of low back pain and the ODI scores were significantly associated with frailty after adjustment for age, sex and body mass index (odds ratio 3.41, 95% confidence interval 1.39–8.39, P = 0.008, and odds ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.09, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show the close association between low back pain and frailty, and suggests that not only the decline in physical function but also neuropsychiatric factors, including chronic pain, constitute a vicious cycle of frailty in community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 54–59.
Inclusion under the Mental Capacity Act (2005): A review of research policy guidance and governance structures in England and Wales
Authors: Ryan Hayley , Heywood Rob , Jimoh Oluseyi , Killett Anne , Langdon Peter E , Shiggins Ciara , Bunning Karen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate how people with communication and understanding difficulties, associated with conditions such as dementia, autism and intellectual disability, are represented in research guidance supplementary to the Mental Capacity Act (MCA: 2005) in England and Wales.MethodsA documentary survey was conducted. The sample comprised the MCA Code of Practice (CoP: 2007) and 14 multi‐authored advisory documents that were publicly available on the Health Research Authority website. Textual review of key words was conducted followed by summative content analysis.ResultsRepresentation of people with communication and understanding difficulties was confined to procedural information and position statements that focused mainly on risk management and protection. Whilst a need to engage potential participants was recognized, guidance provided was imprecise.ConclusionsTensions exist between the protection versus empowerment of people with communication and understanding difficulties in research. The development of structured, evidence‐based guidance is indicated.Patient or public contributionPeople with communication and understanding difficulties and carers participated in a working group to explore, discuss and interpret the findings.
A novel rapid method for the determination of frying oil quality: development of prototype and equations and examination with respect to legislation criteria
Authors: Kalogianni Eleni P. , Georgiou Despoina , Marinopoulou Anna , Exarhopoulos Stylianos , Petridis Dimitrios , Dimitreli Georgia 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe present work presents a prototype apparatus developed for a novel method based on capillary penetration for the determination of frying oil quality and examines the method and the performance of the prototype. The work further assesses the method results in comparison with the results of established methods and proposes equations for calculating frying oil quality parameters relevant to legislation criteria. The examination of the method is performed by using 184 oil samples produced by frying different foods in different oils for forty‐five successive batches. Equations relating the method output with the total polar compounds, total polymers and viscosity are proposed. High correlation coefficients between legislation criteria and the method result are obtained: R2 = 0.96, R2 = 0.91 and R2 = 0.86 for correlation with the oil viscosity, the polymer compounds and the TPC of the fried oils, respectively. The false‐positive and false‐negative answers of the method are below 2.5% for all cases.
A bioinformatic approach to investigating cytokine genes and their receptor variants in relation to COVID‐19 progression
Authors: Karakas Celik Sevim , Cakmak Genc Gunes , Dursun Ahmet 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection produces a wide spectrum of manifestations, ranging from no symptom to viral pneumonia. This study aimed to determine the genetic variations in cytokines and their receptors in relation to COVID‐19 pathogenesis using bioinformatic tools. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding the cytokines and cytokine receptors elevated in patients with COVID‐19 were determined from the National Biotechnology Information Center website (using the dbSNP database). Missense variants were found in 3 cytokine genes and 10 cytokine receptor genes. Computational analyses were conducted to detect the effects of these missense SNPs via cloud‐based software tools. Also, the miRSNP database was used to explore whether SNPs in the 3′‐UTR altered the miRNA binding efficiency for genes of cytokines and their receptors. Our in silico studies revealed that one SNP in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) gene was predicted as deleterious using sorting intolerant from tolerant. Also, the stability of VEGFR2 decreased in the I‐Mutant2.0 (biotool for predicting stability changes upon mutation from the protein sequence or structure) prediction. It was suggested that the decrease in VEGFR2 function (due to the rs1870377 polymorphism) may be correlated with the progression of COVID‐19 or contribute to the pathogenesis. Moreover, 27 SNPs were determined to affect miRNA binding for the genes of cytokine receptors. CXCR2 rs1126579, TNFRSF1B rs1061624 and IL10RB rs8178562 SNPs were predicted to break the miRNA‐mRNA binding sites for miR‐516a‐3, miR‐720 and miR‐328, respectively. These miRNAs play an important role in immune regulation and lung damage repair. Further studies are needed to evaluate the importance of these miRNAs and the SNPs.
The challenge of interprofessional collaboration in emergency department team triage – An interpretive description
Authors: Dreher‐Hummel Thomas , Nickel Christian H. , Nicca Dunja , Grossmann Florian F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore emergency nurses’ and physicians’ experience of collaboration and collective decision‐making when triaging older Emergency Department patients within the interprofessional team triage system.DesignQualitative.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven nurses and five physicians. Transcripts were analysed via Interpretive Description between September 2016–May 2017.Results‘Negotiating collaboration’ was developed as the main theme. Three subthemes influenced the negotiation process: Participants described divergent opinions on how an optimal triage system should work (‘preferences for triage systems’); they had conflicting perceptions of each profession's role (‘role perceptions’); and they expressed different coping strategies regarding ‘perceived time pressure’. The compatibility of participants’ views on these sub‐themes determined whether the nurse and physician were able to successfully negotiate their collaboration. These themes became more evident when the team triaged older ED patients.ConclusionImproving interprofessional team triage requires working with the involved nurses’ and physicians’ values and beliefs. The strengths of both professions need to be considered and a flexible approach to collaboration established according to the patients’ situations.ImpactEmergency Department leaders need to consider nurses’ and physicians’ values and beliefs to promote interprofessional collaboration in team triage.
The influence of the deregulation of short‐selling on related‐party transactions: Evidence from China
Authors: Jiang Haiyan , Tian Gary , Zhou Donghua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe extend the current short‐selling literature on the disciplining role of short‐sellers by examining the effect of short‐selling on related‐party transactions (RPTs). Using data from the Chinese stock exchanges over the post‐short‐selling deregulation period of 2010–2017, we find a two‐faceted effect of short‐sales on RPTs in which short‐selling restrains detrimental RPTs but encourages beneficial RPTs. The findings reveal that short‐selling not only has a disciplinary effect but also induces managerial decisions that are beneficial to shareholders’ wealth. Additional analyses demonstrate that the two‐faceted effect depends on the strength of the external and internal governance mechanisms proxied by analysts following, media coverage, regional shareholder protection, and the firms’ internal control. Our findings are robust to a batch of tests conducted to alleviate concerns for endogeneity. A difference‐in‐difference test further confirms that the aforementioned effects result from the deregulation of short‐selling.
Land use and local environment affect macroinvertebrate metacommunity organization in Neotropical stream networks
Authors: Firmiano Kele R. , Cañedo‐Argüelles Miguel , Gutiérrez‐Cánovas Cayetano , Macedo Diego R. , Linares Marden S. , Bonada Núria , Callisto Marcos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimChanges in land use and cover (hereafter land use) affect freshwater ecosystems at different spatial scales. We tested the effects of land use on the dispersal capacity of stream macroinvertebrates through local and regional processes.LocationIn all, 183 Brazilian headwater stream sites, located in the Neotropical Savanna with variable land use and covering a total area of 46,394 km2.TaxonStream macroinvertebratesMethodsWe used multiple regression models for distance matrices to identify the relative importance of environmental and landscape characteristics to explain community dissimilarity of stream macroinvertebrates with different mobility traits. As predictors, we calculated four distance metrics: environmental distance describing the dissimilarity in local conditions, the network distance accounting for distances across the drainage system and two distances measuring landscape resistance to dispersal (topographic and land use). We classified macroinvertebrates in dispersal groups according to their dispersal abilities (flying and drifting) and life story traits (voltinism, adult life span and body size). We tested the effects of these distances on all taxa and on the different dispersal groups, to explore whether biological traits would result in different metacommunity patterns.ResultsOur hierarchical clustering analysis identified five macroinvertebrate dispersal groups. The dispersal group 1 was mainly composed by aquatic obligate taxa, dispersal group 2 by taxa with low drift propensity, dispersal group 3 represented taxa with high directional flight capacity, dispersal group 4 included taxa with medium drift propensity and dispersal group 5 represented taxa with high drift propensity. We found that environmental distance and land use distance were the most important predictors explaining community dissimilarity for most of the dispersal groups.Main conclusionThe metacommunity patterns found in this study suggest that environmental filtering was the most important community assembly mechanism at a local scale, whereas land use could constrain dispersal at the regional scale. Understanding these processes is crucial to meet conservation and restoration goals, especially in biodiversity hotspots. Our results reinforce the importance of considering entire catchments for preserving stream health and aquatic biodiversity and indicate the need for a much more integrative research between terrestrial and aquatic ecology.
Proof of concept: visual categorization of carotenoid pigmentation in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L) can predict stress response
Authors: Backström Tobias , Brännäs Eva , Nilsson Jan , Carlberg Hanna , Johansson Kajsa , Magnhagen Carin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCarotenoid pigmentation in Salvelinus alpinus has been connected to stress responsiveness in earlier studies. This has, however, only been tested with time‐consuming image analysis from photos. Here, we used quick visual categorization of carotenoid pigmentation to investigate the stress responsiveness of the extreme groups. The visually selected charr were then exposed to a net restraint stressor. Arctic charr with few spots also had a lower stress responsiveness compared to charr with many spots. Thus, visual selection could be used as a simple method within aquaculture.
The role of UhpA in regulating the virulence gene expression in Edwardsiella piscicida
Authors: Ye Tingqi , Mu Cuimin , Chen Jiakang , Pan Guangchen , Wang Xuepeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEdwardsiella piscicida (E. piscicida) is an important fish pathogen. However, the mechanism of Glu6P transport regulatory protein UhpA how to affect the virulence gene expression in E. piscicida is still unclear. The results in this study showed that the metabolism‐related gene expression of cysteine synthase (orf 1134) and sulphate transporter (ychM) in the uhpA mutant strain ΔuhpA was 0.76‐fold and 0.68‐fold lower than the ones in the wild strains (p < .05). The gene expression of ethA and ethB in the ΔuhpA strain was 0.80‐fold and 0.72‐fold lower than the ones in the wild strains (p < .05). However, the gene expression of fliC and flgN in the ΔuhpA was 1.51‐fold and 1.21‐fold higher than the ones in the wild strains (p < .05). The gene expression of T3SS (esrB and esrC) and T6SS (evpB and evpC) in the ΔuhpA was 1.27‐fold, 1.13‐fold, 1.28‐fold and 1.23‐fold higher than the ones in the wild strains (p < .05). This suggested that the uhpA gene could regulate the key virulence gene expression, and the uhpA gene was associated with the pathogenicity of E. piscicida in fish.
Identification of Lycium barbarum varieties based on hyperspectral imaging technique and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling‐whale optimization algorithm‐support vector machine
Authors: Tang Ningqiu , Sun Jun , Yao Kunshan , Zhou Xin , Tian Yan , Cao Yan , Nirere Adria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to distinguish different varieties of Lycium barbarum effectively, a fast nondestructive detection method based on hyperspectral imaging technology was proposed. Six varieties of L. barbarum were selected as the research objects to obtain hyperspectral images. With the whole L. barbarum taken as the object, the region of interest was obtained by threshold segmentation, and the average spectra value of the image points of a single L. barbarum was extracted as the spectral data of the sample. Initially, standard normalized variate was used to preprocess the original spectral data. Furthermore, compared with other methods, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was chosen to extract the characteristic wavelengths. Additionally, the model of support vector machine (SVM) was set. The results showed that the SVM model based on CARS had the best classification effect. The training set accuracy was 100%, and the prediction set accuracy was 85%. Finally, in order to improve the classification accuracy, the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) was introduced. The accuracy of training set and prediction set obtained by WOA‐SVM model were 89.44 and 88.33% respectively. Therefore, it was feasible to use hyperspectral imaging technology combined with CARS‐WOA‐SVM model to identify different varieties of L. barbarum.
Development of a new rainfall‐triggering index of flash flood warning‐case study in Yunnan province, China
Authors: Ma Meihong , Wang Huixiao , Yang Yan , Zhao Gang , Tang Guoqiang , Hong Zhen , Clark Robert A. , Chen Yun , Xu Hui , Hong Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlash floods, characterized by rapid, short‐duration, and high‐velocity flows, are the major causes of property damage and casualties worldwide. Flash flood warning is one of the key measures to prevent flash floods. Relying upon rain gage data and official statistics of flash flood events with casualties, this study proposes a new rainfall triggering index, β, defined as the ratio of accumulated rainfall to intraday rainfall, which effectively divides floods into events triggered by heavy intraday rainfall (0 < β ≤ 5) and those triggered by high cumulative rainfall (β > 5). Then, historical disaster events were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed index. Results reveal that: (1) when 0 < β ≤ 5, the intensity–duration (I–D) curve method is more desirable, and the simulation result has a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.95) with the measured result; (2) when β > 5, the rainfall triggering index (RTI) method is more suitable (r = 0.8); (3) the cumulative critical rainfall using the RTI method ranges from 50 to 400 mm. This paper stretches the thought of flash flood warning method and provides the reference for flood‐prone regions.
Employment factors associated with daily time management in working people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nakao Tomomi , Takeishi Chizuko , Tsutsumi Chiyo , Sato Yuichi , Uchizono Yuji , Shimizu Yasuko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the employment factors associated with daily time management in working people with type 2 diabetics.MethodsA questionnaire survey was administered to 277 working people with type 2 diabetes. It included a daily time management scale, and questions about age, gender, hemoglobin A1c levels, shift work, managerial position, and average working hours. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between daily time management and each factor, adjusted for age, gender, and hemoglobin A1c.ResultsResponses were obtained from 220 individuals. Daily time management was associated with managerial position (being a manager) and working hours. Shift work was associated with “adjustment of life rhythms” and managerial position was associated with “adjustment of work” and “goal setting and behaviors consistent with personal values”. Hours of work were associated with “adjustment of life rhythms” and “time control”.ConclusionWhen providing support on time management to working people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, any assessment should consider the availability of shift work, whether they are in a managerial position and working hours.
Pipelines to Pathways: Medical School Commitment to Producing a Rural Workforce
Authors: Longenecker Randall L. , Andrilla C. Holly A. , Jopson Andrew D. , Evans David V. , Schmitz David , Larson Eric H. , Patterson Davis G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeDespite the efforts of numerous medical schools to produce rural physicians, many rural communities in the United States still experience physician shortages. This study describes the current landscape of rural efforts in US undergraduate medical education and catalogs medical school characteristics and activities that evidence has suggested, and that many experts in rural medical education believe, may result in more graduates choosing rural practice.MethodsThis is a descriptive study of publicly available and rurally relevant characteristics of all 182 allopathic and osteopathic medical schools operating in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2016, with rural program information for these schools updated in 2019. The authors constructed a “rural program” definition in order to systematically catalog coordinated and strategic medical school efforts to produce a rural physician workforce.FindingsFew (8.2%) medical schools expressed an explicit commitment to producing rural physicians in public mission statements. However, most (64.8%) provided rural clinical experiences and many demonstrated their commitment in other ways. Only 39 (21.4%) did so through a formal rural program.ConclusionsIn establishing an explicit rural program definition and documenting other markers of rural commitment, this paper provides a baseline for future studies of rural workforce production and medical school investment in these programs, activities, and personnel. Demonstrating the effectiveness of schools’ rural physician education efforts will require collaboration across institutions and more intensive evaluations of programs involving students who, though relatively few in number, have great potential for contributing to the health of rural communities across the nation.