bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prefrontal Cortex Hemodynamics During Exercise in Older Adults With Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome
Authors: Costa Kell Grandjean da , Fontes Eduardo , Menta Alekya , White Sarah , Fielding Roger , Kowaleski Christopher , Ward Nathan , Reid Kieran 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a recently described pre-dementia syndrome in older adults characterized by slow gait coupled with subjective cognitive complaints. While previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of exercise on cerebral hemodynamics in healthy older adults, to date, no study has characterized the effects of exercise on these parameters among more vulnerable older persons with MCR. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated how the brain area responsible for high-order cognitive function (i.e., prefrontal cortex) is affected during acute cycling exercise in 19 older adults with MCR (Age (mean ± SD): 73.7 ± 7.1 years; BMI: 32.1 ± 5.5 kg/m2; gait speed: 0.55 ± 0.1 m/s; Modified Mini-Mental score: 91.8 ± 6.8; 74% female). Participants performed an incremental submaximal cycling test and we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to assess changes in concentrations of Oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), Deoxyhemoglobin (dHb) and total hemoglobin (Hbt) during exercise. Results showed that participants cycled for 4.9 ± 0.5 minutes, achieved a submaximal load of 54.7 ± 17.3 watts, a peak exercise heart rate of 95.7 ± 14.7 beats/min and a rate of perceived exertion (13.8 ± 2.0). Compared to baseline, there was an increase of 97.3 % in the O2Hb, 86 % on the Hbt and an 87.9 decrease of dHb while exercising. Our findings suggest that acute exercise at light through moderate intensity increases prefrontal cortex oxygenation in older adults with MCR. Additional studies are also warranted to characterize the effects of chronic exercise on cerebral hemodynamics in at-risk older adults.
Exploring Technology Perceptions and Intentions to Use in Older Adults
Authors: Williams Stephanie , Orsega-Smith Elizabeth , Ruggiero Laurie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
By the year 2035, the older adult population is expected to expand to 78 million in the United States. Advancing technology has made aging in place a more accessible possibility; however, understanding what is preventing this population from adopting the advancing devices remains to be a challenge as the presence of a digital divide continues to exist. A 34-question survey adapted from the Technology Proficiency Self-Assessment Questionnaire, and the National Technology Readiness survey was administered to 101 participants over the age of 50 across five local senior centers. The average age range was 70-79 and most were female (79.2%), white (69%), and owned or had access to technology such as a computer or cell phone (93%). Examples of findings include 86% felt technology limited human interaction and 69% felt the use of technology could lead to security risk and a breach of privacy, while 79% felt technology could improve their quality of life. Results found 60-69-year-olds were significantly more likely (p&lt;.05) to have or use technology versus 80-89-year-olds. Correlation between perception and intent to use technology among older adults was positive with a coefficient value of .59(p&lt;.01). Showing a relationship between perceptions and behavioral intentions to use technology, specifically in 60-69-year-olds. This study found access to technology (i.e. computers, cell phones, internet) was not a driving factor of usage among the older population attending a senior center. To increase understanding further exploration of perceptions and intentions to use technology is warranted in the older adult population.
You Have One Reminder: Self-Manage Your Pain
Authors: Shade Marcia , Rector Kyle , Soumana Rasila , Kupzyk Kevin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pain has a significant impact in the lives of aging adults. As the population of America grows older, they need to be encouraged to use pain self-management strategies. Technology is an option, but current pain management applications have usability limitations in older adults. This feasibility study describes the usability of voice assistant reminders for pain self-management. We enrolled 15 community-dwelling aging adults with chronic pain. Participants created two pre-determined voice assistant reminder tasks: 1) to take scheduled pain medication, and 2) to write in a pain diary. We collected data on demographics, pain, confidence of managing symptoms, and objective ease of use. After four weeks, we collected information about subjective ease of use and usefulness of the voice assistant. Participants were mostly female, average age 65 years; reporting moderate pain severity 4.58 (SD 2.29) and pain interference 3.94 (SD 2.62). The mean PROMIS self-efficacy for managing symptoms score was 50.8 (SD 8.2). Voice assistant usability was above average (78 out of 100). The median time to make a voice assistant profile was five minutes (SD 7.5), with a median of seeking help two times. No significant relationships were found between pain and usability. Three participants made physical activity and distraction reminders to self-manage pain. Voice assistant reminders were perceived as consistent, easy to set up and helpful for accountability. Older users may provide helpful feedback for development and testing of voice assistant software for pain self-management. Voice assistants may provide helpful reminders that encourage the completion of pain self-management strategies.
Association Between Frailty and Gut Microbiota Metabolite TMAO in Older People With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: He Wei , Wang Hua , Yang Jiefu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The potential for the gut microbiota to affect health has particular relevance for older adults. Recent evidence suggests that microbiota-derived metabolites may modulate aging-related changes in immunity, sarcopenia, and cognitive function, all of which are elements of frailty. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) produced by the metaorganismal metabolism of choline, has been implicated in disease pathogenesis. However, relatively little geroscience research has been carried out on TMAO，and even less on other gut microbiota metabolites. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between frailty and circulating TMAO concentration. Data and fasting blood samples came from a prospective comprehensive geriatric assessment cohort of older adults (age≥65, n=451) with cardiovascular diseases. The frailty index based on the accumulated deficits model (48 variables) was used for evaluating the status of frailty. TMAO levels differed between groups with a significant increase for people with frailty (p＜0.001). Compared with the lowest quartile of TMAO levels, patients in the highest quartile had increased 3.07-fold risk of frailty (OR=3.07, 95%CI, 1.69-2.97). After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, history of diseases, hsCRP, LDLc, TMAO levels remained associated with frailty (OR=2.11, 95%CI, 1.01-4.38). Similarly, a cubic spline curve showed a dose-dependent relationship between the odds ratio for the risk of frailty and circulating TMAO in a linear trend (p = 0.006). This study suggests that circulating TMAO are independently associated with frailty in older adult with cardiovascular diseases. Efforts to further characterize the relationship between gut microbiota metabolite and frailty should be further pursued.
Relationships of Severe Pain and Cognitive Impairment With Acute Care Use in Home Health Patients
Authors: Wang Jinjiao , Monroe Todd , Simning Adam , Cai Xueya , Temkin-Greener Helena , Yu Fang , Caprio Thomas , Li Yue 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pain assessment is challenging in patients with cognitive impairment that can lead to inappropriate pain management and unfavorable health outcomes. Using a 10% random sample of Medicare home health (HH) patients ≥ 65 years old from the 2017 Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) national dataset (N=646,109), we tested the relationships of cognitive impairment and constant, severe pain that interfered with daily living activities with acute care utilization (i.e., hospitalization and emergency department [ED] admission without hospitalization). Patients who had constant, severe, interfering pain (32.57%, N=210,444) were younger, more likely to be female, white, Medicare-Medicaid dually eligible, living alone, and having functional limitations and depressive symptoms, but less likely to have moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment (25.0% versus 31.5%, p&lt;0.001) than others. In multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for the above covariates, when compared with patients with neither cognitive impairment nor severe, constant, interfering pain, those with both conditions were 17% more likely to have hospitalization (Odds Ratio [OR]=1.17, p&lt;0.001) and 13% more likely to have an ED admission without hospitalization (OR=1.13, p&lt;0.001). This was the first study that examined co-occurring pain and cognitive impairment in HH recipients using national OASIS data. Findings suggest that: 1) older HH patients with moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment have lower rates of reported pain that suggests under-recognition; and 2) having severe, interfering pain among cognitively impaired patients significantly increased their risk of acute care utilization. Therefore, systematic protocols and guidelines should be in place to facilitate pain assessment for improved outcomes among HH patients with cognitive impairment.
Moving Together: Livestream Virtual Group Movement Classes for Persons With Dementia and Caregivers
Authors: Barnes Deborah , Benjamin Cynthia , Lee Amanda , Lee Jennifer , Mehling Wolf , Chesney Margaret , Sudore Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
MOVING TOGETHER classes deliver an online live-streaming version of the evidence-based Paired PLIÉ (Preventing Loss of Independence through Exercise) group movement program for people living with dementia (PLWD) and caregivers (CGs) that targets physical movements, mindful body awareness, and social engagement. Paired PLIÉ has been found to be associated with improvements in physical, cognitive, social/emotional function, and relationship quality. However, CGs also reported logistical challenges related to attending in-person classes. Our goal was to assess feasibility and satisfaction with an online version of the program developed by Together Senior Health, Inc. Fifteen of twenty-one participants (70%; 8 PLWD, 7 CGs) successfully completed the 12-week program, of whom all (100%) reported being highly satisfied with online delivery. Participants described physical, social and emotional benefits of participating: “I liked the activities with partner and that I could feel various parts of my body getting massage and movement (PLWD);” and “Really enjoyed this class, so did my body, brain and my spirit (CG).” Participants strongly supported the online format: “[I liked] BEING AT HOME! …Getting ready to go out, going out and coming home takes a lot of energy and we are not sure we would participate if it were not online (PLWD).” In conclusion, we found that online delivery of Moving Together is feasible and acceptable to PLWD and CGs. Offering livestream virtual group movement classes such as Moving Together could enhance accessibility to evidenced-based programs for PLWD and CGs.
Parallel Process Latent Growth Modeling of the Relationships Between Social Cohesion and Mental Health in Later Life
Authors: An Sok , Kim Kyeongmo , Lee Minhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Previous literature suggests that social factors (e.g., social cohesion, social support) are protective predictors of mental health problems. However, there might be a reciprocal relationship between social factors and mental health and the relationship changes over time. Therefore, this study examined the longitudinal relationship between community social cohesion and mental health using a latent growth curve model with 8 waves of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS; 2011-2018), a nationally representative panel study of Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. Social cohesion measured the perceived level of mutual trust by three items (score range: 0-6) and mental health was measured by PHQ-4 (score range: 0-12). The final model including covariates (age, gender, functional disabilities) fit the data well: χ2=1036.383, p&lt;.001; RMSEA=.037; CFI=.960; and SRMR=.070. Initial level of social cohesion was negatively associated with initial level of mental health problem (β=−.23, p&lt; .001), suggesting that higher levels of social cohesion was associated with lower levels of mental health problems. The covariance between social cohesion slope and mental health slope was significant (β=−.16, p&lt; .01), suggesting an increase in social cohesion was associated with a decrease in mental health problems over time. Functional disabilities significantly influenced mental health over time, while functional disabilities did not influence social cohesion consistently. This study adds to the growing literature on the ways mental health status and social connection have reciprocal relationships over time. Therefore, mental health status in later life could be decreased by improving social cohesion and connectedness with the community.
Current status of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy in breast cancer
Authors: Noguchi Emi , Shien Tadahiko , Iwata Hiroji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over the past 10 years, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the management of various cancers. However, immunotherapy in breast cancer has not been successful. Breast cancer has long been recognized as an immunologically ‘cold’ tumor, although a higher frequency of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes present in certain subtypes and an association between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and favorable prognosis have been reported. In March 2019, the combination of atezolizumab and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel was granted accelerated approval in the United States for the treatment of programmed death-ligand 1-positive advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. This finally opened the door for immune checkpoint blockade therapy for breast cancer. Several clinical trials have been conducted using different combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy or targeted agents in various treatment settings for metastatic breast cancer and early-stage breast cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in immune checkpoint blockade therapy and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer.
Tomato protein phosphatase 2C influences the onset of fruit ripening and fruit glossiness
Authors: Liang Bin , Sun Yufei , Wang Juan , Zheng Yu , Zhang Wenbo , Xu Yandan , Li Qian , Leng Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in coordinating physiological processes during fresh fruit ripening. Binding of ABA to receptors facilitates the interaction and inhibition of type 2C phosphatase (PP2C) co-receptors. However, the exact mechanism of PP2C during fruit ripening is unclear. In this study, we determined the role of the tomato ABA co-receptor type 2C phosphatase SlPP2C3, a negative regulator of ABA signaling and fruit ripening. SlPP2C3 selectively interacted with monomeric ABA receptors and SlSnRK2.8 kinase in both yeast and tobacco epidermal cells. Expression of SlPP2C3 was ABA-inducible, which was negatively correlated with fruit ripening. Tomato plants with suppressed SlPP2C3 expression exhibited enhanced sensitivity to ABA, while plants overexpressing SlPP2C3 were less sensitive to ABA. Importantly, lack of SlPP2C3 expression accelerated the onset of fruit ripening and affected fruit glossiness by altering the outer epidermis structure. There was a significant difference in the expression of cuticle-related genes in the pericarp between wild-type and SlPP2C3-suppressed lines based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that SlPP2C3 plays an important role in the regulation of fruit ripening and fruit glossiness in tomato.
Conformational constraints of cyclopentane peptide nucleic acids facilitate tunable binding to DNA
Authors: Zheng Hongchao , Botos Istvan , Clausse Victor , Nikolayevskiy Herman , Rastede Elizabeth E , Fouz Munira F , Mazur Sharlyn J , Appella Daniel H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report a series of synthetic, nucleic acid mimics with highly customizable thermodynamic binding to DNA. Incorporation of helix-promoting cyclopentanes into peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) increases the melting temperatures (Tm) of PNA+DNA duplexes by approximately +5°C per cyclopentane. Sequential addition of cyclopentanes allows the Tm of PNA + DNA duplexes to be systematically fine-tuned from +5 to +50°C compared with the unmodified PNA. Containing only nine nucleobases and an equal number of cyclopentanes, cpPNA-9 binds to complementary DNA with a Tm around 90°C. Additional experiments reveal that the cpPNA-9 sequence specifically binds to DNA duplexes containing its complementary sequence and functions as a PCR clamp. An X-ray crystal structure of the cpPNA-9–DNA duplex revealed that cyclopentanes likely induce a right-handed helix in the PNA with conformations that promote DNA binding.
Determining the optimal cholecalciferol dosing regimen in children with CKD: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Iyengar Arpana , Kamath Nivedita , Reddy Hamsa V , Sharma Jyoti , Singhal Jyoti , Uthup Susan , Ekambaram Sudha , Selvam Sumithra , Rahn Anja , Fischer Dagmar-C , Wan Mandy , Shroff Rukshana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
The optimal treatment regimen for correcting 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) deficiency in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not known. We compared cholecalciferol dosing regimens for achieving and maintaining 25OHD concentrations ≥30 ng/mL in children with CKD stages 2–4.

Methods
An open-label, multicentre randomized controlled trial randomized children with 25OHD concentrations &lt;30 ng/mL in 1:1:1 to oral cholecalciferol 3000 IU daily, 25 000 IU weekly or 100 000 IU monthly for 3 months (maximum three intensive courses). In those with 25OHD ≥30 ng/mL, 1000 IU cholecalciferol daily (maintenance course) was given for up to 9 months. Primary outcome was achieving 25OHD ≥30 ng/mL at the end of intensive phase treatment.

Results
Ninety children were randomized to daily (n = 30), weekly (n = 29) or monthly (n = 31) treatment groups. At the end of intensive phase, 70/90 (77.8%) achieved 25OHD ≥30 ng/mL; 25OHD concentrations were comparable between groups (median 44.3, 39.4 and 39.3 ng/mL for daily, weekly and monthly groups, respectively; P = 0.24) with no difference between groups for time to achieve 25OHD ≥30 ng/mL (P = 0.28). There was no change in calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone, but fibroblast growth factor 23 (P = 0.002) and klotho (P = 0.001) concentrations significantly increased and were comparable in all treatment groups. Irrespective of dosing regimen, children with glomerular disease had 25OHD concentrations lower than non-glomerular disease (25.8 versus 41.8 ng/mL; P = 0.007). One child had a 25OHD concentration of 134 ng/mL, and 5.5% had hypercalcemia without symptoms of toxicity.

Conclusion
Intensive treatment with oral cholecalciferol as daily, weekly or monthly regimens achieved similar 25OHD concentrations between treatment groups, without toxicity. Children with glomerular disease required higher doses of cholecalciferol compared with those with non-glomerular disease.
Pasteurized and unpasteurized donor human milk
Authors: Pound Catherine , Unger Sharon , Blair Becky 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is universally accepted that human milk is the optimal, exclusive source of nutrition for infants 0 to 6 months of age, and may remain part of the healthy infant diet for the first 2 years of age and beyond. Despite advances in infant formulas, human milk provides a wide range of benefits, due in part to its bioactive matrix that cannot be replicated by any other source of nutrition. When there is an insufficient volume of mother’s milk for the vulnerable newborn, pasteurized donor human milk should be made available, as a bridge to mother’s milk and as the first alternative feeding choice, followed by commercial formula. There is a limited supply of donor milk in Canada and distribution is prioritized for sick, hospitalized neonates. Informal milk sharing is the practice of donating and receiving expressed human milk without going through a human milk bank. Informal milk sharing carries risk for bacterial and viral transmission as well as inconsistency and uncertainty regarding donor screening. Paediatricians and other health care providers need to be aware of the risks of informal milk sharing and be able to counsel families appropriately on safer alternatives.
Comprehensive sexual health assessments for adolescents
Authors: Johnson Natasha 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sexual activity and experimentation are normative parts of adolescent development that may, at the same time, be associated with adverse health outcomes, including the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, unplanned pregnancy, and teen dating violence. Anticipatory guidance regarding sexual and reproductive health for teens should address normal sexual development issues, such as identity and attractions, safe relationships, safer sex, and contraception. Health care providers can enhance the sexual education of the youth they see and help mitigate negative health outcomes. This practice point offers a ‘7-P’ approach to ensure that health care providers obtain comprehensive sexual health assessments for adolescents. Teen issues such as identity, confidentiality, and consent, and dating violence are discussed, and Canadian Paediatric Society resources are cited to provide more detailed care pathways on related issues: contraception, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections.
A Novel Signaling Pathway Required for Arabidopsis Endodermal Root Organization Shapes the Rhizosphere Microbiome
Authors: Durr Julius , Reyt Guilhem , Spaepen Stijn , Hilton Sally , Meehan Cathal , Qi Wu , Kamiya Takehiro , Flis Paulina , Dickinson Hugh G , Feher Attila , Shivshankar Umashankar , Pavagadhi Shruti , Swarup Sanjay , Salt David , Bending Gary D , Gutierrez-Marcos Jose 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Casparian strip (CS) constitutes a physical diffusion barrier to water and nutrients in plant roots, which is formed by the polar deposition of lignin polymer in the endodermis tissue. The precise pattern of lignin deposition is determined by the scaffolding activity of membrane-bound Casparian Strip domain proteins (CASPs), but little is known of the mechanism(s) directing this process. Here, we demonstrate that Endodermis-specific Receptor-like Kinase 1 (ERK1) and, to a lesser extent, ROP Binding Kinase1 (RBK1) are also involved in regulating CS formation, with the former playing an essential role in lignin deposition as well as in the localization of CASP1. We show that ERK1 is localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus of the endodermis and that together with the circadian clock regulator, Time for Coffee (TIC), forms part of a novel signaling pathway necessary for correct CS organization and suberization of the endodermis, with their single or combined loss of function resulting in altered root microbiome composition. In addition, we found that other mutants displaying defects in suberin deposition at the CS also display altered root exudates and microbiome composition. Thus, our work reveals a complex network of signaling factors operating within the root endodermis that establish both the CS diffusion barrier and influence the microbial composition of the rhizosphere.