bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Open-label Trial of Adjuvant High-frequency Left Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treating Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents and Adults With Depression
Authors: Zhang TianHong , Zhu JunJuan , Wang JunJie , Tang YingYing , Xu LiHua , Tang XiaoChen , Hu YeGang , Wei YanYan , Cui HuiRu , Liu XiaoHua , Hui Li , Li ChunBo , Wang JiJun 
Published: December 2020

Background
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offers promise for the treatment of depression, yet its potential impact on suicidal ideation (SI), particularly in adolescents, has not been well studied. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of add-on rTMS for reducing SI in a large clinical sample experiencing an acute phase of depression.

Methods
This study included 146 patients with a score of ≥14 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). Among them, 97 had a HAMD-SI (3-item) score of 1 or greater and were pooled into the analysis. Symptoms of depression and SI were measured using the HAMD total score and HAMD-SI score. Comparisons of clinical improvement for both SI and rates of remission were made between adolescent (n = 29) and adult patients (n = 68), as well as between high-frequency (HF) rTMS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (80 trains, 30 pulses per train, 12 s intertrain interval, 2400 pulses per session) and low-frequency (LF) rTMS on the right DLPFC protocol (2 trains, 700 pulses per train, 1 s intertrain-interval, 1400 pulses per session), power (intensity) level of 120% of motor threshold (MT), and 5 sessions per week for 2 weeks.

Results
Add-on rTMS treatment showed significant clinical improvement in SI, and was also well tolerated, with no adverse events reported. The SI improvements and remission rates were more significant in adolescents treated with the HF left DLPFC rTMS protocol, compared with adults treated with the LF right DLPFC rTMS protocol (remission rates: adolescent with LF right DLPFC, 50%; adolescent with HF left DLPFC, 94%; adult with LF right DLPFC, 65%; adult with HF left DLPFC, 57%). A positive association between improvement in the HAMD total score and HAMD-SI score was found in adults, but not in adolescents.

Conclusions
Add-on rTMS treatment for SI associated with depression is promising with respect to safety and feasibility. Our preliminary evidence supports an extension of the application of rTMS to adolescent patients with SI during the acute phase of depression, in addition to its use in adult treatment-resistant depression.
Mowing does not redress the negative effect of nutrient addition on alpha and beta diversity in a temperate grassland
Authors: Molina Cecilia D. , Tognetti Pedro M. , Graff Pamela , Chaneton Enrique J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Species loss due to an increasing the number of added nutrients has been explained by both light competition through biomass increase and by niche dimension reduction as a result of species‐specific limiting soil resources trade‐offs. Disturbances, by reducing community biomass, species dominance and increasing light availability, may counteract above‐ground nutrient effects. However, it is unknown if diversity loss at local or spatial scales generated by increasing the number of added nutrients can be redressed with canopy disturbance.

We evaluated if local (alpha) and spatial scale (beta) diversity loss generated by the number of added nutrients can be reverted by disturbances in Flooding Pampa grasslands, Argentina. In a 4‐year replicated field experiment, we added soil resources combining nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to obtain 0, 1, 2 or 3 nutrients and manipulated the regime of canopy disturbance by seasonal mowing and biomass removal.

We found that the increasing the number of added nutrients strongly reduced local and spatial plant diversity, despite biomass and light changes generated by mowing. In mown plots, nutrient‐driven local diversity loss intensified along time, thus increasing species dominance. While mowing did not affect dominant species loss, increasing the number of added nutrients promoted rare species loss and reduced spatial dissimilarity. Furthermore, mowing increased local and spatial diversity regardless of light or biomass effects, suggesting alternative pathway effects for disturbance.

Synthesis. Our results demonstrate that even when disturbance generated a positive effect on local and spatial diversity, it did not completely counteract the negative effect of number of added nutrients. Thus, the relative importance of above‐ and below‐ground resource competition may change when chronic disturbances alter community dominance. Under low light availability, above‐ground competition may drive species richness loss but when disturbance reduces light limitation, the increasing the number of added nutrients may reduce niche dimensionality and thus species coexistence. In sum, faced with the need to manage eutrophized grasslands, our study showed that disturbance may not completely mitigate the negative effect of multiple nutrient inputs on local and spatial grassland diversity.
Species abundance fluctuations over 31 years are associated with plant–soil feedback in a species‐rich mountain meadow
Authors: in 't Zandt Dina , Herben Tomáš , van den Brink Annelien , Visser Eric J. W. , de Kroon Hans 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggest that plant–soil interactions play an essential role in plant community assembly processes. Empirical investigations show that plant species abundance in the field is often related to plant–soil biota interactions; however, the direction of these relations have yielded inconsistent results.

We combined unique 31‐year long field data on species abundances from a species‐rich mountain meadow with single time point plant–soil feedback greenhouse experiments of 24 co‐occurring plant species. We tested whether these relations were dynamic in time, whether coupled increases and decreases in abundance between years were related to plant–soil feedback and whether these changes were underlain by years in which manuring was applied.

The prevailingly negative relationship between plant–soil feedback and plant relative abundance in the field was significantly time‐dependent, which may reconcile the contrasting results in literature. Furthermore, significantly coupled oscillations appeared between species relative abundance changes and plant–soil feedback, which were likely moderated by years in which manuring was applied. Our results are consistent with the notion that the more abundant species are stabilised by negative plant–soil feedback, and the less abundant species co‐vary with the fluctuations of these more competitive species.

Synthesis. Our results project plant–soil feedback as an important regulatory mechanism in plant communities, operating in conjunction with species' competitive ability and soil nutrient availability. We suggest that negative feedback is particularly prominent in more abundant plant species that profit from more readily available soil nutrients than less abundant species with positive feedback. Negative plant–soil feedback may thus prevent more abundant plant species from out‐competing less abundant plant species, facilitating stable species co‐existence.
Flexibility, cohesion and family satisfaction: The impact of conflict between work and family
Authors: Neto Mário Jorge , Sequeira Joana , Massano‐Cardoso Ilda , Chambel Maria José 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study, including 658 nurses, tested the mediating effect of work–family conflict (WFC) and family–work conflict (FWC) in the relationship between family characteristics (i.e. cohesion and flexibility) and family satisfaction. Using the circumplex model of family systems by Olson and the conflict between work and family, regression analysis using PROCESS software revealed that both WFC and FWC were negatively related to family satisfaction. More interestingly, WFC was observed to mediate the relationship between family flexibility and family satisfaction, and FWC to mediate the relationship between family cohesion and family satisfaction. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.Practitioner points

It is necessary to take into account the relationship between work and family characteristics (e.g. cohesion and flexibility) to explain family satisfaction. Thus, the need to focus on the particularities of WFC and FWC and family functioning, their strategies and fields of intervention are relevant.

For organisations, particularly for human resource management, it is important to recognise the importance of the characteristics of a worker’s family because these will be relevant to the relationship established between the work and family domains.

For clinicians, particularly family therapists, this study contributes to a new understanding of the impact of family functioning in contexts external to the family, namely the professional context.
Tracing, Mixing, and Innocent Claimants
Authors: English Jordan , Hafeez‐Baig Mohammud Jaamae 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFaced with the problem that arises where multiple innocent claimants have contributed to a mixed fund that is now insufficient to meet all of their claims, English and Australian courts have suggested three solutions: (i) the rule in Clayton's Case; (ii) the ‘simple pari passu’ approach; and (iii) the ‘rolling charge’ or ‘North American’ approach. In Caron v Jahani (No 2) the New South Wales Court of Appeal adopted a simplified version of the third solution: the ‘simplified rolling charge’ approach. In doing so, the Court demonstrated that once the rule in Clayton's Case is (rightly) discarded, what remains is not simply a binary choice between the second and third solutions. We argue that English courts should revisit their approach to the problem posed at the outset by jettisoning the rule in Clayton's Case and by adopting the simplified rolling charge approach.
An overview of the perception and mitigation of astringency associated with phenolic compounds
Authors: Huang Rui , Xu Changmou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAstringency, as a kind of puckering, drying, or rough sensation, is widely perceived from natural foods, especially plants rich in phenolic compounds. Although the interaction and precipitation of salivary proteins by phenolic compounds was often believed as the major mechanism of astringency, a definitive theory about astringency is still lacking due to the complex oral sensations. The interaction with oral epithelial cells and the activation of trigeminal chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors also shed light on some of the phenolic astringency mechanisms, which complement the insufficient mechanism of interaction with salivary proteins. Since phenolic compounds with different types and structures show different astringency thresholds in a certain regularity, there might be some relationships between the phenolic structures and perceived astringency. On the other hand, novel approaches to reducing the unfavorable perception of phenolic astringency have been increasingly emerging; however, the according summary is still sparse. Therefore, this review aims to: (a) illustrate the possible mechanisms of astringency elicited by phenolic compounds, (b) reveal the possible relationships between phenolic structures and perception of astringency, and (c) summarize the emerging mitigation approaches to astringency triggered by phenolic compounds. This comprehensive review would be of great value to both the understanding of phenolic astringency and the finding of appropriate mitigation approaches to phenolic astringency in future research.
Covalent chemical modification of myofibrillar proteins to improve their gelation properties: A systematic review
Authors: Zhao Xue , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo improve the quality of meat products is a constant focus for both the meat industry and scientists. As major components in meat protein, the gelation properties of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) predominantly determine the sensory quality and product yield of the final product. Naturally or artificially occurring covalent modifications are known to largely affect MP functionality by changing the protein structure and forming aggregates, leading to both favorable and unfavorable outcomes. The review aims to summarize the mechanisms associated with several covalent modifications and the recent developments in enhancing MP gelation properties. Various extrinsic and intrinsic parameters controlling oxidation, phenolic–protein interactions, enzyme catalysis, glycation, and isoelectric solubilization/precipitation, and their effects on the characteristics of heat‐induced MP gels are discussed. This article provides an improved understanding of the covalent modifications that occur mainly in the MP system and how they can be utilized to promote its gelation properties. Covalent modifications exhibited dose‐dependent and dual‐role manners for MP gelation properties. Mild oxidation, enzyme catalysis, and isoelectric solubilization/precipitation treatment would be beneficial to form more aligned and cross‐linked three‐dimensional networks for MP gels because of moderate protein aggregation. However, an excessive aggregate impedes the MP gelation behavior, leading to reduced gelation quality. Glycation effectively increased hydrophilicity of MPs and phenolic conjugation provides MPs with novel bioactivity. A proper utilization of such a process or even a rational combination of them allowed us to enhance the gelation properties of MP with assorted appreciated functionalities and further improve the quality of meat products.
State Ownership and Target Setting: Evidence from Publicly Listed Companies in China*
Authors: Wei Chunyan 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTPrior research has examined target setting in market‐driven companies but has not examined target setting in state‐run companies that also have social and political objectives. I examine how Chinese state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) set and revise performance targets to motivate a balanced effort allocation. Using data on financial performance (sales) targets set by SOEs and non‐SOEs during the period 2006–2016, I predict and find that the financial targets of SOEs are easier to achieve than those of non‐SOEs, and that SOEs with easier financial targets perform better regarding corporate social responsibility. I also predict and find that SOEs ratchet financial targets upward less than non‐SOEs to keep them easy to achieve and, as a consequence, SOE managers are less likely to game performance to avoid future target increases. The results are robust to alternative measures of state influence and alternative measures of financial targets. These findings suggest that firms balance their multiple objectives through strategically setting and revising financial targets. In doing so, this study provides a better understanding of target‐setting practices in organizations pursuing multiple, sometimes conflicting, objectives.
Promises and perils of artificial intelligence in dentistry
Authors: Pethani F 
Published: December 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is a subdiscipline of computer science that has made substantial progress in medicine and there is a growing body of AI research in dentistry. Dentists should have an understanding of the foundational concepts and the ability to critically evaluate dental research in AI. Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of AI that most dental AI research is dedicated to. The most prolific area of ML research is automated interpretation of dental imaging. Other areas include providing treatment recommendations, predicting future disease and treatment outcomes. The research impact is limited by small datasets that do not harness the positive correlation between very large datasets and ML performance. There is also a need to standardize research methodologies and utilize performance metrics that are appropriate for the clinical context. In addition to research challenges, this article discusses the ethical, legal and logistical considerations associated with implementation in clinical practice. This includes explainable AI, model bias, data privacy and security. The future implications of AI in dentistry involve a promise for a novel form of practicing dentistry however, the effect of AI on patient outcomes is yet to be determined.
Using a smartphone application (App) to assist older adults to navigate their local area during extreme weather events and changing environmental conditions: A qualitative study
Authors: Wilson Leigh Ann , O’Loughlin Kate , Hector Robyn , Ann Black Deborah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the views of those in later life on the usability of a smartphone application (app) which could assist in negotiating the external environment, particularly during extreme weather and local environmental changes.MethodsSeven adults aged over 55 years (four women, three men) living in Sydney, Australia, participated in focus groups. Responses were analysed thematically.ResultsThe findings demonstrate older adults would use a reliable and relevant app to assist in accessing their external environment if it could provide assistance with accurate, up‐to‐date transport options, road closures, community events and weather.ConclusionIf relevant, in real time and locally focussed adults aged over 55 could find value in a mobile app to assist them to navigate their external environment. These results suggest an age‐friendly, specifically designed app will have an impact on accessibility to the local environment with the potential to lead to increased walking and social engagement.
The Challenge of Building a Scalable Postcapitalist Commons: The Limits of FairCoin as a Commons‐Based Cryptocurrency
Authors: Dallyn Sam , Frenzel Fabian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPostcapitalist commons are a growing area of interest in the efforts to generate alternatives to capitalism in the present. Commons are understood as self‐organised collectives based around shared resources; yet postcapitalist commons have an additional element, in operating within while projecting an “after” capitalism. This can give rise to tensions since commons striving for postcapitalism also require a certain amount of capital to survive and function within capitalism. FairCoop is a radical postcapitalist commons that adopted the cryptocurrency FairCoin in 2014. FairCoop, through FairCoin, was able to generate some trans‐local connections through its use of peer2peer technologies and was thus able to scale‐up. Its design, however, was ultimately unsustainable due to insufficiently clear boundaries from capital. After highlighting the lack of commons boundaries around FairCoop, we identify some additional commons‐capital boundary design principles which could contribute to the sustainability of future postcapitalist commons experiments that are seeking to scale.
Risk–efficacy balance of ulipristal acetate compared to surgical alternatives
Authors: Middelkoop Mei‐An , Bet Pierre M. , Drenth Joost P.H. , Huirne Judith A.F. , Hehenkamp Wouter J.K. 
Published: December 2020

AimsUterine fibroids are benign tumours that cause various complaints. These complaints may significantly compromise quality of life, necessitating a clinical intervention in 25–50% of the affected women. Hysterectomy, myomectomy or embolization may offer symptomatic relief, but are costly, include a recovery period, can cause serious side‐effects, sometimes fail to treat symptoms completely and are not always desired by patients. Ulipristal is a conservative long‐term treatment that has a fibroid‐volume decreasing effect, acceptable side‐effects while preserving fertility and may be an alternative to surgical alternatives. Currently, ulipristal is investigated by the European Medicine Agency and suspended from marketing authorization because it may cause drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). However, many drugs can cause severe DILI and prospective studies estimate 14–19 DILI cases/100 000 people.MethodsThis overview will discuss the risk–benefit balance between ulipristal and DILI, describe the safety–efficacy balance of ulipristal and its alternative treatments and the arguments that led to the suspension of its marketing authorization.ResultsUlipristal may be associated with DILI resulting in a risk of severe liver injury in 1.5:100 000 patients and fatal liver injury in 0.1:100 000 patients. This risk needs to be weighed against the higher mortality risk of >1:1000 and higher incidence of severe complications after surgery.ConclusionThe DILI risk of ulipristal is considerably lower than that of other medicines that are not suspended, nor need additional safety measures. When evaluating drugs and drug safety, risks that apply to the alternative nonpharmacological treatment options should be taken into consideration.
Assuming independence in spatial latent variable models: Consequences and implications of misspecification
Authors: Hui Francis K.C. , Hill Nicole A. , Welsh A.H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMultivariate spatial data, where multiple responses are simultaneously recorded across spatially indexed observational units, are routinely collected in a wide variety of disciplines. For example, the Southern Ocean Continuous Plankton Recorder survey collects records of zooplankton communities in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, with the aim of identifying and quantifying spatial patterns in biodiversity in response to environmental change. One increasingly popular method for modeling such data is spatial generalized linear latent variable models (GLLVMs), where the correlation across sites is captured by a spatial covariance function in the latent variables. However, little is known about the impact of misspecifying the latent variable correlation structure on inference of various parameters in such models. To address this gap in the literature, we investigate how misspecifying and assuming independence for the latent variables' correlation structure impacts estimation and inference in spatial GLLVMs. Through both theory and numerical studies, we show that performance of maximum likelihood estimation and inference on regression coefficients under misspecification depends on a combination of the response type, the magnitude of true regression coefficient, and the corresponding loadings, and, most importantly, whether the corresponding covariate is (also) spatially correlated. On the other hand, estimation and inference of truly nonzero loadings and prediction of latent variables is consistently not robust to misspecification of the latent variable correlation structure.