bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Green-Light Laser Vaporization for Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Xu Zhi , Gan Guifen , Chen Guojun , Wu Guanlin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The related research of green-light laser vaporization in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is limited. This study focused on analyzing the effectiveness and safety of it from the perspective of an extensive literature review. Methods: A comprehensive search of CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases for photoselective vaporization of bladder tumor and transurethral resection of bladder tumor treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The search included studies from January 1996 to December 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias of included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results: A total of 18 RCTs involving 1648 patients met the predefined criteria. Meta-analysis data demonstrated that the PVBT group exhibited a significant advantage over the TURBT group in intraoperative obturator nerve reflex and bladder perforation and postoperative 1-year recurrence. The PVBT procedure has advantages over TURBT in the amount of surgical bleeding and the length of hospital stay, bladder irrigation time, and catheter indwelling time. There was no difference between the two types of surgery in the incidence of postoperative urethral stricture and the length of surgery. Conclusion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that PVBT is better than TURBT as an alternative treatment for patients with NMIBC in safe aspect. However, whether it is equally effective in terms of oncological control remains to be elucidated, and additional high quality RCTs are needed to confirm our findings.
Risk Factors Related to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Lu , Jin Meng , Lu Zequn , Xiao Jun , Li Yao , Yao Zhi , Dong Tianyi , Wang Yanan , Niu Siyuan , Li Qinglin , Liu Cai , Qi Jirong , Tian Jianbo , Wang Zhihua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been considered as the great threat to global public health. We aimed to clarify the risk factors associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and progression from ARDS to death and construct a risk prediction model.Methods: In this single-centered, retrospective, and observational study, 796 COVID-19 patients developed ARDS and 735 COVID-19 patients without ARDS were matched by propensity score at an approximate ratio of 1:1 based on age, sex and comorbidities. Demographic data, symptoms, radiological findings, laboratory examinations, and clinical outcomes were compared between with or without ARDS. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explore the risk factors for development of ARDS and progression from ARDS to death and establish a comprehensive risk model. Results: Higher SOFA, qSOFA, APACHE II and SIRS scores, elevated inflammatory cytokines, dysregulated multi-organ damage biomarkers, decreased immune cell subsets were associated with higher proportion of death (34.17% vs 1.22%; P<0.001) and increased risk odds of death (OR=57.216, 95%CI=28.373-115.378; P<0.001) in COVID-19 patients with ARDS. In addition to previous reported risk factors related to ARDS development and death, such as neutrophils, IL-6, D-Dimer, leukocytes and platelet, we identified elevated TNF-α (OR=1.146, 95%CI=1.100-1.194; P<0.001), CK-MB (OR=1.350, 95%CI=1.180-1.545; P<0.001), declined ALB (OR=0.834, 95%CI=0.799-0.872; P<0.001), CD8+ T cells (OR=0.983, 95%CI=0.976-0.990; P<0.001) and CD3-CD19+ B cells (OR=0.992, 95%CI=0.988-0.997; P=0.003) as novel risk factors. Most importantly, the predictive accuracy of the combined model integrating four score systems and these risk factors demonstrated highest among all models for the development of ARDS (AUC= 0.904) and the progression from ARDS to death (AUC= 0.959).Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with ARDS were more likely to develop into death. The potential risk factors and the comprehensive prediction model could be helpful to identify patients developed ARDS with poor prognosis at an early stage, which might help physicians to formulate a timely therapeutic strategy.
Current Curative Expenditure of Respiratory Diseases and Its Influencing Factors，A Research Based on“System of Health Account 2011”
Authors: Li Ling , Zhan Huan , Wang Xin , Zhou Liangrong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Respiratory disease is now the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They simultaneously impact public health at the population level and also cause great financial distress for families . Understanding the distribution of diseases and the Current Curative Expenditure (CCE) can provide a basis for policy decisions and interventions. This study analyzed the status of respiratory diseases spending using data from “System of Health Accounts 2011” (SHA 2011) to provide health policy advice to Hunan Province, China, and insights for other more developed areas in China. Methods: Data were collected by multi-stage stratified random sampling approach and the medical expenses of patients with respiratory diseases were calculated based on the SHA 2011, including the dimensions of institutional resource flow and service function. Regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors of hospitalization expenses. All analyses were conducted using software SPSS 25.0. Results: The CCE for Respiratory diseases in 2017 was 215.42 billion Chinese yuan (CNY), accounting for 15.94% of total expenditure on health in Hunan Province, China. Children aged 0-4 and elderly aged 60-69 spent the most on the treatment for such diseases. Length of stay, age, and institution level were the three most important factors affecting hospitalization expenses. Conclusions: The CCE of respiratory diseases is extremely high, with problems related to treatment efficiency and equity. It is essential to expand health insurance coverage, establish hierarchical medical system, and reduce curative expenditure.
Patient and Service-Level Factors Affecting Length of Inpatient Stay in an Acute Mental Health Service: A Retrospective Case Cohort Study
Authors: Crossley Neil Edward , Sweeney Brian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:Despite the focus on community-based care, demand for inpatient psychiatric care still remains high. Trusts strive for safe, efficient patient throughput with reduced length of stay.Previous studies have attempted to analyse factors influencing length of stay in mental health units, focussing mostly on patient factors. These models fail to sufficiently explain the variation in duration of inpatient stay. We assess how the type of service delivered by a trust, in addition to patient factors, influences length of stay.Methods:We conducted a retrospective case cohort study in a large inner-city NHS mental health trust for all admissions in a one month period. Data was gathered from electronic notes of 105 patients and analysed using IBM SPSS version 26. Descriptive univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted on the data, with multiple regression analysis conducted on statistically significant data. Results:Short-stay assessment ward admission significantly reduced length of stay. Patients under outpatients or under care co-ordination, admitted through Mental Health Act assessment and formally detained all had longer length of stay. Out of area admissions, locum Consultant care, changing Responsible Clinician and ward transfers all led to longer length of stay. Factors indicating more severe illness such as increased observation level and polypharmacy, as well as diagnoses of psychosis or bipolar disorder were associated with longer duration of stay. Discharges requiring referral to accommodation or rehabilitation led to longer stays. The most significant factors that influenced length of stay were higher observation levels, diagnosis of psychotic illness or bipolar, and discharge to rehabilitation placement.The final model, taking into account all these factors, was able to account for 59.6% of the variability in length of stay.Conclusions:The study backs up existing literature which shows patient-factors have an influence on length of stay. The study also demonstrates that service-level factors have an impact on the duration of stay. This data may be used to inform further studies which may aid provision of inpatient and community services in the future.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on attitudes towards the lifting of confinement through the Algerians people
Authors: Madani Azzeddine , Boutebal Saad Eddine 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the attitudes towards the lifting of confinement. Methods: The data were collected using a questionnaire applied to 344 people in different regions of Algeria from April 21, 2020, for two weeks afterward, in order to determine the attitudes of the Algerian people towards the post-coronavirus COVID -19 phase. Results: The results of this study indicate that 94.2% of respondents insist on lifting the confinement to apply gradually and partially. Accordingly, there is a significant impact of gender and age on social attitudes towards the post-coronavirus phase. Similarly, the results highlighted the existence of a positive level of attitude towards the post-coronavirus phase COVID-19 in the need to digitize education, digitize social transactions, and develop sustainable transport and the public health sector. Results: People living in confinement indicate that it is necessary to prepare for the post-coronavirus period, in particular through the vital sectors linked to daily life.
Serum Asprosin Level in Different Subtypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: jiang yonghui , liu yue , yu zhiheng , yang ping , xie lei , shang xuejun , zhao shigang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be divided into different subtypes, including insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism (HA). Asprosin is a novel hormone associated with IR; however, the role of asprosin in women with PCOS has not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum asprosin levels and PCOS subtypes.
Methods
Ninety-three women with PCOS and 77 healthy women as controls were selected for this study. Clinical and laboratory data were compared between the PCOS group and the control group. The PCOS group was further divided into subgroups: 1) women with or without HA (PCOS HA and PCOS NHA, respectively); 2) women with or without IR (PCOS IR and PCOS NIR, respectively). Serum asprosin was measured by ELISA.
Results
Serum asprosin levels showed no significant difference between the PCOS and control groups. However, it was significantly lower in the PCOS HA and IR groups compared to the respective PCOS NHA and NIR groups (P < .05). In the PCOS group, serum asprosin was negatively correlated with body mass index, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, basal antral follicles, fasting insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, and triglycerides. After adjusting for BMI, the correlations were not significant and asprosin was only positively correlated with prolactin (r = 0.426, P < .001).
Conclusions
Our study shows that women with PCOS HA or IR exhibit significantly lower serum asprosin levels compared to controls, and the lower asprosin level directly correlated with PRL level.
Diagnostic precision and identification of rare diseases is dependent on distance of residence relative to tertiary medical facilities
Authors: Walter Anna-Lena , Baty Florent , Rassouli Frank , Bilz Stefan , Brutsche Martin Hugo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Diagnostic precision and the identification of rare diseases (RDs) is a daily challenge, which needs specialized expertise. We hypothesized, that there is a correlation between the distance of residence to the next tertiary medical facility with specialized care and the diagnostic precision, especially for rare diseases.Results We found a negative association between diagnostic diversity and travel time to the next tertiary hospital when including all cases throughout the overall International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) diagnosis codes. This was paralleled with a negative association of standardized incidence rates in all groups of rare diseases except for rare teratologic and rare allergic diseases. The effect started at travel times of > 21 minutes.Conclusion Our findings indicate towards a higher risk of being mis-, under- or late diagnosed especially in rare diseases when living more distant to a tertiary medical facility. Greater distance to the next tertiary medical facility basically increases the chance for hospitalization in a non-comprehensive regional hospital with less diagnostic capacity, and, thus, impacts on adapted health care access. Therefore, solutions for overcoming the distance to specialized care as an indicator of health care access are a major goal in the future.
Cooperative Coverage Based Lifetime Prolongation for Microgrid Monitoring WSN in Smart Grid
Authors: Shao Sujie , Wu Lei , Zhang Qinghang , Zhang Neng , Wang Kaixuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To take full advantage of the flexibility of access and disconnection from smart grid, organizing distributed renewable energy resources in form of microgrid becomes one solution of energy replenishment in smart grid. A large amount of accurate and comprehensive information data are needed to be monitored by a variety of different types of sensors to guarantee the effective operation of this kind of microgrid. Energy consumption of microgrid monitoring WSN consequently becomes an issue. This paper presents a novel lifetime prolongation algorithm based on cooperative coverage of different types of sensors. Firstly, according to the requirements of monitoring business, the construction of cooperative coverage sets and connected monitoring WSN are discussed. Secondly, energy consumption is analyzed based on cooperative coverage. Finally, the cooperative coverage based lifetime prolongation algorithm (CC-LP) is proposed. Both the energy consumption balancing inside the cooperative coverage set and the switching scheduling between cooperative coverage sets are discussed. Then we draw into an improved ant colony optimization algorithm to calculate the switching scheduling. Simulation results show that this novel algorithm can effectively prolong the lifetime of monitoring WSN, especially in the monitoring area with a large deployed density of different types of sensors.
MAIP: A Prediction Platform for Predicting Blood-Stage Malaria Inhibitors
Authors: Bosc Nicolas , Felix Eloy , Arcila Ricardo , Mendez David , Saunders Martin , Green Darren , Ochoada Jason , Shelat Anang , Martin Eric , Iyer Preeti , Engkvist Ola , Verras Andreas , Duffy James , Burrows Jeremy , Gardner Mark , Leach Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Malaria is a disease affecting hundreds of millions of people across the world, mainly in developing countries and especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is the cause of hundreds of thousands of deaths each year and there is an ever-present need to identify and develop effective new therapies to tackle the disease and overcome increasing drug resistance. Here, we extend a previous study in which a number of partners collaborated to develop a consensus in silico model that can be used to identify novel molecules that may have antimalarial properties. The performance of machine learning methods generally improves with the number of data points available for training. One practical challenge in building large training sets is that the data is often proprietary and cannot be straightforwardly integrated. Here, this was addressed by sharing QSAR models, each built on a private data set. We describe the development of an open-source software platform for creating such models, a comprehensive evaluation of methods to create a single consensus model and a web platform called MAIP available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/maip/. MAIP is freely available for the wider community to make large-scale predictions of potential malaria inhibiting compounds. This project also highlights some of the practical challenges in reproducing published computational methods and the opportunities that open source software can offer to the community.
Anterior dural ectasia associated with cauda equine syndrome in ankylosing spondylitis: a case report
Authors: Liu Shaoqiang , Chen Wei , Liang Guiqing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare neurologic complication in patients with long-standing ankylosing spondylitis (AS). MRI characteristically shows an enlarged caudal thecal sac, bone erosion and dural ectasia. Dural ectasia is more likely to occur in the posterior elements rather than the vertebral bodies. Methods: We report an uncommon case of CES in AS with formation of anterior dural ectasia. The origin of this rare pathology is analysed and relevant literatures are reviewed. Results: The patient had a 50-year history of AS and presented with weakness of his left leg but without bladder or rectal dysfunction. Radiographs of the full spine showed the classic features of AS with fusion of all spinal ligaments and bilateral sacroiliac joints. CT scanning demonstrated erosion-like lesions with marginal sclerosis in the posterior aspect of the T12 and L1 vertebral bodies. Lumbar MRI revealed anterior dural ectasia into the vertebral body, and ventral herniation of the spinal cord and adhesion to the dural sac. Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of anterior dural ectasia in AS with CES include lower limb numbness and weakness, bladder and rectal dysfunction, impotence, etc. MRI characteristically shows an enlarged caudal thecal sac, bone erosion and anterior dural ectasia at the junction of thoracolumbar and upper lumbar.
Suppression of Autophagy Sensitizes Osteosarcoma to mTOR Inhibition
Authors: Zeng Ke , Jin Lei , Yang Xiao , Yang Zhengjie , Zhu Guoxin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aim

Osteosarcoma is some major health problem. We intended to investigate the role of Rapamycin and autophagy inhibition in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Method

We conducted a series of in vitro studies using two osteosarcoma cell lines. Using genetic and pharmaceutical interventions we studied whether combined autophagy inhibition could sensitize osteosarcoma sales to a Rapamycin treatment. Proliferation, innovation, migration, and colony formation assays were performed.
Results

Osteosarcoma cells had low basal autophagy levels. Inhibition of mTOR only demonstrated moderate effects but induced increased autophagy levels, indicating possible resistance mechanism. Inhibition of both autophagy and mTOR axis synergistically inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation of osteosarcoma cells. The combination therapy induced apoptosis, which could be restored in part by NEC1.
Conclusion

Increased autophagy level was responsible for compromised effect of mTOR inhibition in osteosarcoma. Combination therapy using rapamycin and chloroquine held promise to the development of novel mortality.
Reproductive fluids, used for the in vitro production of pig embryos, result in healthy offspring and avoid aberrant placental expression of PEG3 and LUM.
Authors: Paris-Oller Evelynne , Navarro-Serna Sergio , Soriano-Úbeda Cristina , Lopes Jordana Sena , Matas Carmen , Ruiz Salvador , Latorre Rafael , López-Albors Octavio , Romar Raquel , Cánovas Sebastián , Coy Pilar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: In vitro embryo production (IVP) and embryo transfer (ET) are two very common assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in human and cattle. However, in pig, the combination of either procedures, or even their use separately, is still considered suboptimal due to the low efficiency of IVP plus the difficulty of performing ET in the long and contorted uterus of the sow. In addition, the potential impact of these two ART on the health of the offspring is unknown. We investigated here if the use of an improved IVP system, with natural reproductive fluids (RF) as supplements to the culture media, combined with a minimal invasive surgery to perform ET, affects the output of the own IVP system as well as the reproductive performance of the mother and placental molecular traits.Results: The blastocyst rates obtained by both in vitro systems, conventional (C-IVP) and improved (RF-IVP), were similar. Pregnancy and farrowing rates were also similar. However, when compared to in vivo control (artificial insemination, AI), litter sizes of both IVP groups were lower, while placental efficiency was higher in AI than in RF-IVP. Gene expression studies revealed aberrant expression levels for PEG3 and LUM in placental tissue for C-IVP group when compared to AI, but not for RF-IVP group. Conclusions: The use of reproductive fluids as additives for the culture media in pig IVP does not improve reproductive performance of recipient mothers but can mitigate the impact of artificial procedures in the offspring.
PAZ Domain is Critical for PIWIL1 Function During Spermatogenesis in Chicken
Authors: Guo Qixin , Xu Lu , Yuan Xiaoya , Jiang Yong , Bai Hao , Chang Guobin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Piwi-like protein 1 (PIWIL1) plays a crucial role in stem cell proliferation, embryogenesis, growth, and development. The aim of this study was to reveal the function of PIWIL1 and its PAZ (Piwi/Argonaute/Zwille) domain in chicken embryogenesis. Results: PIWI1 expression was analyzed in different stages of spermatogenesis by RT-PCR and the PAZ domain was mutated based on its 3D structure model using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The results indicated that PIWIL1 mRNA was specifically expressed in spermatogonium cells undergoing meiosis. After targeting the PAZ domain (300–370 amino acid residues), we obtained two mutant DF-1 cell clones with 23-bp and 8-bp deletions. Injection of the pCMV-Cas9-puro-sgRNA-2 construct into 2.5-day embryos resulted in generation of 19 different PAZ mutants (13 males and 6 females), which had delayed hatching, reduced quality of semen, and decreased expression of PIWIL1 and SOX2 at embryonic days 5 and 18. However, we could not obtain PAZ double knockout (KO) chickens by crossing of the F0 generation, suggesting that PAZ double KO may halt embryonic development. Conclusions: Our results indicate that PIWIL1 plays an important role in meiosis and that PAZ mutations can lead to decreased sperm quality, whereas its double KO may arrest embryogenesis in chicken.