bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of different dietary levels of sodium and chloride on performance and blood parameters in goslings (1–28 days of age)
Authors: Chen Yuanjing , Yang Haiming , Wan Xiaoli , Wan Yu , Zhang Hang , Gong Shuai , Wang Zhiyue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA total of 702 1‐day‐old male Jiangnan White goslings were used to study the effects of varying levels of Na+ and Cl− on their growth performance and blood parameters. In this experiment, goslings were randomly allotted to nine treatments, with six pens per treatment in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, and fed diets with three concentrations of added Na+ (0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) and three concentrations of added Cl− (0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the sensitivity of goslings to Na+ and Cl− during brooding to determine the appropriate levels of Na+ and Cl− in their feed. The results are as follows: (a) Different levels of Na+ and Cl− in the diet, especially low Na+ and Cl−, significantly affected the body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain ratio (F/G) of the 28‐day‐old goslings (p < .05). But Na+ × Cl− has no significant effect on water consumption (p > .05). (b) Serum concentrations of urea increased linearly with Na+ content (p < .05). Serum concentrations of creatinine (CR) and uric acid (UA) increased linearly with Cl− content (p < .05). (c) Na+ × Cl− has a significant impact on the serum sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl; p < .05). The content of serum Na and Cl increased linearly with increasing levels of Na+ and Cl−. These results show that low levels of Na+ and Cl− had significant adverse effects on the growth of 1‐ to 28‐day‐old goslings. The results of the experiment support a recommendation to supplement the diet of goslings with 0.20% Cl− and not <0.15% Na+.
Gross motor adaptation benefits from sleep after training
Authors: Bothe Kathrin , Hirschauer Franziska , Wiesinger Hans‐Peter , Edfelder Janina M. , Gruber Georg , Hoedlmoser Kerstin , Birklbauer Juergen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSleep has been shown to facilitate the consolidation of newly acquired motor memories. However, the role of sleep in gross motor learning, especially in motor adaptation, is less clear. Thus, we investigated the effects of nocturnal sleep on the performance of a gross motor adaptation task, i.e. riding an inverse steering bicycle. Twenty‐six male participants (M = 24.19, SD = 3.70 years) were randomly assigned to a PM‐AM‐PM (n = 13) or an AM‐PM‐AM (n = 13) group, i.e. they trained in the evening/morning and were re‐tested the next morning/evening and the following evening/morning (PM‐AM‐PM/AM‐PM‐AM group) so that every participant spent one sleep as well as one wake interval between the three test sessions. Inverse cycling performance was assessed by speed (riding time) and accuracy (standard deviation of steering angle) measures. Behavioural results showed that in the PM‐AM‐PM group a night of sleep right after training stabilized performance (accuracy and speed) and was further improved over the subsequent wake interval. In the AM‐PM‐AM group, a significant performance deterioration after the initial wake interval was followed by the restoration of subjects' performance levels from right after training when a full night of sleep was granted. Regarding sleep, right hemispheric fast N2 sleep spindle activity was related to better stabilization of inverse cycling skills, thus possibly reflecting the ongoing process of updating the participants' mental model from “how to ride a bicycle” to “how to ride an inverse steering bicycle”. Our results demonstrate that sleep facilitates the consolidation of gross motor adaptation, thus adding further insights to the role of sleep for tasks with real‐life relevance.
Breastfeed4Ghana: Design and evaluation of an innovative social media campaign
Authors: Harding Kassandra , Aryeetey Richmond , Carroll Grace , Lasisi Opeyemi , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Young Marissa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough targeting health behaviour change through social media campaigns has gained traction in recent years, few studies have focused on breastfeeding social media campaigns. Within the context of rising social media utilization and recent declines in exclusive breastfeeding practices in Ghana, we implemented Breastfeed4Ghana, a Facebook‐ and Twitter‐based breastfeeding social media campaign. This study determined feasibility of implementing Breastfeed4Ghana and evaluated its impact on breastfeeding knowledge in Ghana. Key performance indicators of the campaign were monitored on social media platforms, Facebook and Twitter. An online cross‐sectional survey conducted across three time points (n = 451) assessed breastfeeding knowledge, campaign exposure, and understanding and acceptability of Breastfeed4Ghana among Ghanaian adults. Modified Poisson models were used to assess the relationship between campaign exposure and breastfeeding knowledge, adjusting for survey time point, sex, and parenthood status. The campaign acquired 4,832 followers. Based on follower demographics collected from Facebook and Twitter analytics, the target population was successfully reached. Campaign exposure among survey participants was 42.3% and 48.7% at midline and endline, respectively. Campaign acceptability was high (>90%), and >44% of those exposed to the campaign also shared the campaign with others. However, 61.0% of those exposed did not know or could not remember the purpose of the campaign. Campaign exposure was not associated with higher breastfeeding knowledge (APR [95% confidence interval] = 0.96 [0.73, 1.26]). Breastfeed4Ghana was highly feasible. However, campaign understanding yielded mixed findings and may explain the limited impact on breastfeeding knowledge.
Tolerance of ambiguity and psychological well‐being in medical training: A systematic review
Authors: Hancock Jason , Mattick Karen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContextThe prevalence of stress, burnout and mental health disorders in medical students and doctors is high. It has been proposed that there may be an association between levels of tolerance of ambiguity (ie an ability to tolerate a lack of reliable, credible or adequate information) in clinical work and psychological well‐being within this population. The aims of this systematic review were: (i) to assess the nature and extent of the literature available, in order to determine if there is an association, and (ii) to develop a conceptual model proposing possible mechanisms to underpin any association, in order to inform subsequent research.MethodsMEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published from inception to September 2018. Additional literature was identified by searching the reference lists of included articles, forward searches of included articles, hand searches of key journals and a grey literature search. Of the 671 studies identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria. A qualitative synthesis of included studies was performed.ResultsAll 11 included studies reported an association between a lower level of tolerance of ambiguity or uncertainty and reduced psychological well‐being. Included studies were heterogeneous in terms of population and measurement approach, and were often of low methodological quality. Subsets of items from previously developed scales were often used without sufficient consideration of the impact of new combinations of items on scale validity. Similar scales were also scored inconsistently between studies, making comparison difficult.ConclusionsThere appears to be an association between tolerance of ambiguity and psychological well‐being. This provides new opportunities to understand and prevent the development of stress, burnout and mental health disorders in medical students and doctors. The conceptual model developed provides a framework for future research, which we hope will prevent wasted research effort through duplication and promote higher methodological quality.
Invited Review: The role of prion‐like mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Jaunmuktane Z. , Brandner S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe prototype of transmissible neurodegenerative proteinopathies is prion diseases, characterized by aggregation of abnormally folded conformers of the native prion protein. A wealth of mechanisms has been proposed to explain the conformational conversion from physiological protein into misfolded, pathological form, mode of toxicity, propagation from cell‐to‐cell and regional spread. There is increasing evidence that other neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Alzheimer’s disease (Aβ and tau), Parkinson’s disease (α‐synuclein), frontotemporal dementia (TDP43, tau or FUS) and motor neurone disease (TDP43), exhibit at least some of the misfolded prion protein properties. In this review, we will discuss to what extent each of the properties of misfolded prion protein is known to occur for Aβ, tau, α‐synuclein and TDP43, with particular focus on self‐propagation through seeding, conformational strains, selective cellular and regional vulnerability, stability and resistance to inactivation, oligomers, toxicity and summarize the most recent literature on transmissibility of neurodegenerative disorders.
Structural and functional relationships between plasmodesmata and plant endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane contact sites consisting of three synaptotagmins
Authors: Ishikawa Kazuya , Tamura Kentaro , Fukao Yoichiro , Shimada Tomoo 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) has been recognised as a tethering factor of plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–plasma membrane (PM) contact sites (EPCSs) and partially localises to around plasmodesmata (PD). However, other components of EPCSs associated with SYT1 and functional links between the EPCSs and PD have not been identified.
We explored interactors of SYT1 by immunoprecipitation and mass analysis. The dynamics, morphology and spatial arrangement of the ER in Arabidopsis mutants lacking the EPCS components were investigated using confocal microscopy and electron microscopy. PD permeability of EPCS mutants was assessed using a virus movement protein and free green fluorescent protein (GFP) as indicators.
We identified two additional components of the EPCSs, SYT5 and SYT7, that interact with SYT1. The mutants of the three SYTs were defective in the anchoring of the ER to the PM. The ER near the PD entrance appeared to be weakly squeezed in the triple mutant compared with the wild‐type. The triple mutant suppressed cell‐to‐cell movement of the virus movement protein, but not GFP diffusion.
We revealed major additional components of EPCS associated with SYT1 and suggested that the EPCSs arranged around the PD squeeze the ER to regulate active transport via PD.
How youth mentoring relationships end and why it matters: a mixed‐methods, multi‐informant study
Authors: Spencer Renée , Keller Thomas E. , Perry Meghan , Drew Alison L. , Clark‐Shim Hyuny , Horn John Paul , Miranda‐Díaz Miriam , McCormack Martha J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScant empirical attention has been devoted to understanding endings in youth mentoring relationships, despite the frequency with which they occur. This study examined data from a mixed‐methods study of mentoring relationship endings in which youth mentees, the youth's parents or guardians, mentors, and program staff were surveyed about the closure process, and a subsample of program staff, mentors, and parents or guardians also participated in in‐depth qualitative interviews. Findings from a descriptive analysis detailing the perceptions of multiple stakeholders in the closure process as reported in surveys are presented along with case studies derived from a case‐based analysis of in‐depth qualitative interview data. Most relationship endings were initiated by the mentors, and although some matches engaged in an intentional and direct closure process, more often the endings were unclear or even confusing to program participants. Implications for practice are discussed, including recommendations for more training and greater involvement of program staff in the closure process, as are implications for future research.
Respiratory scleroma: A clinicopathologic study of 51 cases from Guatemala
Authors: Mariz Bruno A. L. A. , Sánchez‐Romero Celeste , Romañach Mário J. , de Almeida Oslei P. , Carlos Román 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate clinical and pathologically cases of respiratory scleroma diagnosed in a 30‐year period in Guatemala.Material and methodsFifty‐one cases of respiratory scleroma diagnosed from 1988 to 2018 in a single pathology service in Guatemala were confirmed using Warthin–Starry staining. Immunohistochemical reactions against CD68, LCA, CD20, CD3, and CD138 were performed to illustrate the inflammatory infiltrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to illustrate bacteria morphology.ResultsAll 51 cases affected patients from poor areas of Guatemala, particularly women (66.7%), with a mean age of 31 years (range 7–66 years). Nose was affected in most cases (96.1%). Other sites involved included pharynx, larynx, palate, maxillary sinuses, and upper lip. Depending on the stage, the disease manifested as ulcerations, nasal deformities, or laryngeal stenosis. Nasal obstruction, epistaxis, dysphonia, fetid discharge, and pain were the main symptoms. Mikulicz cells (CD68+) in a plasma cell‐rich inflammatory background (CD138+, CD20+, CD3+/−) were the typical microscopic presentation. In SEM, each macrophagic vacuole contained few to dozens of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis diplobacilli. Treatment consisted of long‐term trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, with adequate control of disease.ConclusionRespiratory scleroma is a rare infectious disease affecting the upper respiratory tract, in poor regions of the world, including Guatemala.
Left atrial fibrosis progression detected by LGE‐MRI after ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kheirkhahan Mobin , Baher Alex , Goldooz Matin , Kholmovski Eugene G. , Morris Alan K. , Csecs Ibolya , Chelu Mihail G. , Wilson Brent. D. , Marrouche Nassir F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial (LA) fibrosis is thought to be a substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF) and can be quantified by late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐MRI). Fibrosis formation in LA is a dynamic process and may either progress or regress following AF ablation. We examined the impact of postablation progression in LA fibrosis on AF recurrence.MethodsLA enhancement in LGE‐MRI was quantified in 127 consecutive patients who underwent first time AF ablation. Serial LGE‐MRIs were done prior to AF ablation, 3 months postablation and at least 12 months after second LGE‐MRI. Transient postablation lesion (TL) was defined as atrial enhancement caused by ablation lesions that was detected on the first (3 month) but not on the second postablation LGE‐MRI. New fibrosis (NF) was defined as atrial enhancement detected on the most recent LGE‐MRI, at least 15 months after the ablation procedure. AF recurrence and its correlation with TL and NF was assessed in all patients during the follow‐up period.ResultsAn increase of 1% NF increased the chance of postablation AF recurrence by 3% (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% CI 1‐1.06, P = .05). TL had no significant impact on recurrence (P = .057). After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, HR increased as NF became greater. Greater volume of NF (≥21%) corresponded with lower arrhythmia‐free survival (37% vs 62%, P = .01).ConclusionNF formation postablation of AF is a novel marker of long‐term procedural outcome. Extensive NF is associated with significantly higher risk of atrial arrhythmia recurrence.
Incidence and predictors of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing electrophysiology ablation procedures
Authors: Lee Ye , Banooni Andrew , Yuki Koichi , Staffa Steven J. , DiNardo James A. , Brown Morgan L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative nausea and vomiting remains a significant concern for patients undergoing general anesthesia for percutaneous radiofrequency catheter ablation and cryoablation for tachyarrhythmias.AimOur objective was to examine the incidence and risk factors for nausea and vomiting in the recovery room.MethodsChildren aged > 2 and ≤ 18 years who underwent general anesthesia for a percutaneous radiofrequency catheter ablation or cryoablation for a tachyarrhythmia between January 1, 2013, and January 1, 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes included postoperative nausea, vomiting, and a composite of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the recovery room.ResultsWe identified 611 patients with a mean age of 13.3 ± 3.9 years, 54.5% male, and a mean length of anesthesia was 3.9 ± 1.0 hours. Vomiting or retching in the postanesthesia care unit occurred in 7.4% of patients and nausea in an additional 12.4%. A composite of nausea and vomiting occurred in 95 patients (15.5%). On multivariable analysis, a subhypnotic propofol infusion (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23‐0.88, P = .019) and shorter anesthetic duration (OR 0.81 per 30 minutes, 95% CI 0.70‐0.94, P = .006) were independently associated with less vomiting in the recovery room. A history of PONV (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.24‐4.05, P = .007) was independently associated with a composite of nausea and vomiting in the recovery room.ConclusionsA shorter anesthetic time and a subhypnotic propofol infusion were predictive of a lower rate of postoperative vomiting in patients undergoing general anesthesia for electrophysiologic ablation procedures.
Normal and difficult airways in children: “What’s New”—Current evidence
Authors: Fiadjoe John , Nishisaki Akira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPediatric difficult airway is one of the most challenging clinical situations. We will review new concepts and evidence in pediatric normal and difficult airway management in the operating room, intensive care unit, Emergency Department, and neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsExpert review of the recent literature.ResultsCognitive factors, teamwork, and communication play a major role in managing pediatric difficult airway. Earlier studies evaluated videolaryngoscopes in a monolithic way yielding inconclusive results regarding their effectiveness. There are, however, substantial differences among videolaryngoscopes particularly angulated vs. nonangulated blades which have different learning and use characteristics. Each airway device has strengths and weaknesses, and combining these devices to leverage both strengths will likely yield success. In the pediatric intensive care unit, emergency department and neonatal intensive care units, adverse tracheal intubation–associated events and hypoxemia are commonly reported. Specific patient, clinician, and practice factors are associated with these occurrences. In both the operating room and other clinical areas, use of passive oxygenation will provide additional laryngoscopy time. The use of neuromuscular blockade was thought to be contraindicated in difficult airway patients. Newer evidence from observational studies showed that controlled ventilation with or without neuromuscular blockade is associated with fewer adverse events in the operating room. Similarly, a multicenter neonatal intensive care unit study showed fewer adverse events in infants who received neuromuscular blockade. Neuromuscular blockade should be avoided in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis, head and neck radiation, airway masses, and external airway compression for anticipated worsening airway collapse with neuromuscular blocker administration.ConclusionClinicians caring for children with difficult airways should consider new cognitive paradigms and concepts, leverage the strengths of multiple devices, and consider the role of alternate anesthetic approaches such as controlled ventilation and use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in select situations. Anesthesiologists can partner with intensive care and emergency department and neonatology clinicians to improve the safety of airway management in all clinical settings.
Dexmedetomidine infusion overdose during anesthesia: A case report
Authors: Li Christine , Clifford Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA 12‐kg infant was given intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.2 µg kg‐1 min‐1 as an adjunct for general anesthesia. The 60‐fold increase in dexmedetomidine infusion rate caused a biphasic response with initial hypertension followed by bradycardia and hypotension requiring inotropic support. No postoperative or long‐term sequelae were noted. Dexmedetomidine infusion is usually delivered as µg kg‐1 h‐1.
Implementation and evaluation of SBIRT training in a Community Health nursing course
Authors: Bremner Marie N. , Maguire Mary Beth R. , Keen Diane , Blake Barbara J. , Santa Heather , Nowalk Alexandra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to report on the implementation and evaluation of a Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) educational program into an undergraduate nursing curriculum and to recommend modifications for future trainings.Design and SampleA one‐group pre‐test/post‐test design was used. The sample consisted of senior level undergraduate nursing students.MeasuresCore knowledge, perceived competency, and program satisfaction were measured. Process evaluation activities were performed to gather feedback on the training and solicit ideas and recommendations for improvement.ResultsOf the 354 nursing students enrolled in the training, 249 (70%) participated in the research portion, with 240 (96%) completed the pre‐ and post‐training evaluations. All four core knowledge components and 13 perceived competency indicators were statistically significant (p ≤ .001) when comparing pre‐ and post‐t test values. Process evaluation data collected through 25 telephone interviews found that the training improved the students’ confidence and ability to screen for substance misuse with patients.ConclusionFindings support the implementation of SBIRT training into an undergraduate nursing curriculum. Modifications for future training and research are proposed.
Cryopreservation of stallion semen: Effect of adding antioxidants to the freezing medium on sperm physiology
Authors: Contreras María José , Treulen Favián , Arias María Elena , Silva Mauricio , Fuentes Fernanda , Cabrera Paulina , Felmer Ricardo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCryopreservation of stallion semen has not reached the level of efficiency and positive results described in other species. This is mainly due to the greater sensitivity of stallion sperm to the freezing process, showing higher rates of oxidative stress and plasma membrane damage, which trigger the activation of several cell damage pathways that ultimately culminate in DNA fragmentation and cell death. Therefore, finding molecules that improve the efficiency of this technique in stallion by preventing oxidative stress and cell damage is required. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding three antioxidants (MnTBAP, NAC and FeTPPS) to the freezing medium on the quality and functional parameters of stallion sperm. Semen samples from three stallions frozen with the antioxidants were evaluated in two conditions: (a) adding the antioxidants before freezing, and (b) before and after freezing. Plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS levels, membrane lipid disorder, DNA damage, sperm motility and binding to the zona pellucida were assessed. The results showed that MnTBAP was the antioxidant treatment that best controlled the oxidative stress process and post‐thaw cell damage, showing higher plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, sperm motility, number of spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida of bovine oocytes and lower lipid disorder. Additionally, it was determined that a second post‐thaw application of antioxidants is detrimental since induced higher cell damage and lower sperm motility, without showing any beneficial effect on the spermatozoa.