bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term efficacy of fibrin glue injection for perianal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Vidon Mathias , Munoz‐Bongrand Nicolas , Lambert Jérôme , Maggiori Léon , Zeitoun Jean‐David , Corte Hélène , Panis Yves , Seksik Philippe , Treton Xavier , Abramowitz Laurent , Allez Matthieu , Gornet Jean‐Marc 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease remains challenging. Fibrin glue injection has previously shown short‐term efficacy in a randomized controlled trial. No long‐term data are available to assess the benefit of this treatment.MethodsThis retrospective multicentre study included all patients with drained fistulas treated by at least one fibrin glue injection between January 2004 and June 2015 in three tertiary French centres. The primary end‐point was the rate of complete clinical remission at 1 year after injection defined by the closure of all fistula tracts with no need for iterative anal surgery or for optimization of immunosuppressants and/or biologics.ResultsIn all, 119 patients (median age 33 years, complex fistulas 65%, median previous anal surgery two, median Harvey Bradshaw score 3, immunosuppressants exposure 50%, anti‐tumor necrosis factor exposure 60% with median time of administration of 1.1 year) were analysed with a median follow‐up of 18.3 months. The complete clinical remission rate at 1 year was 45.4%. The primary end‐point was achieved in 63% of the cases in the combination therapy group and 37% in other patients. The only predictor of complete clinical remission at 1 year was combination therapy at the time of injection (P = 0.01). The rate of early reintervention after glue injection was 2.5%. The cumulative incidence of iterative anal surgery and ostomy in the whole population was 54% and 5.6% respectively at 5 years.ConclusionAn adjunct of fibrin glue to conventional medical therapy may be an effective and safe treatment for perianal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease.
eHealth literacy and web‐based patient portal usage among kidney and liver transplant recipients
Authors: Maroney Kieran , Curtis Laura M. , Opsasnick Lauren , Smith Kayla D. , Eifler Morgan R. , Moore Amy , Wedd Joel , Wolf Michael S. , Patzer Rachel E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPatient portals promote self‐management, but require skills with electronic health information which can be measured by a patient's eHealth literacy. We aimed to describe eHealth literacy among a population of kidney transplant (KT) and liver transplant (LT) recipients and to investigate the relationship between eHealth literacy and Web‐based patient portal utilization. We conducted phone surveys (August 2016‐March 2017) among 178 KT and 110 LT recipients at two large transplant centers, including the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) and items assessing routine portal usage. Portal users were defined as routine if usage was every day, weekly, or monthly. The mean eHEALS score was 30.9 (SD: 5.4), and 45.4% routinely used the patient portal more than a few times per month. Routine users had higher eHealth literacy than non‐routine users and non‐users (31.97 vs. 29.97 vs. 28.20, p < .001). Routine users had higher eHealth literacy scores compared with non‐users after adjusting for transplant organ type, age, educational level, employment status, mobile Internet access, and transplant center (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.17). KT and LT recipients who routinely use patient portals have high eHealth literacy compared with other diseased populations, which should be leveraged by encouraging routine usage to improve post‐transplant health and medication adherence.
Temporal variability is key to modelling the climatic niche
Authors: Perez‐Navarro Maria Angeles , Broennimann Olivier , Esteve Miguel Angel , Moya‐Perez Juan Miguel , Carreño Maria Francisca , Guisan Antoine , Lloret Francisco 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimNiche‐based species distribution models (SDMs) have become a ubiquitous tool in ecology and biogeography. These models relate species occurrences with the environmental conditions found at these sites. Climatic variables are the most commonly used environmental data and are usually included in SDMs as averages of a reference period (30–50 years). In this study, we analyse the impact of including inter‐annual climatic variability on the estimation of species niches and predicted distributions when assessing plant demographic response to extreme climatic episodes.LocationMediterranean basin, SE Iberian Peninsula.MethodsWe first characterized species niches with inter‐annual and average climate in the same environmental space. We then compare the respective capacities of climatic suitability obtained from averaged climate‐based and from inter‐annual variability‐based niches to explain population demographic responses to extreme drought. Furthermore, we assessed the relative increase in niche size when including climatic variability for a set of Mediterranean species exhibiting a wide range of distribution areas.ResultsWe found that climatic suitability obtained from inter‐annual variability‐based niches showed higher explanatory capacity than average climate‐based suitability, especially for populations living in climatically marginal conditions, although both niches quantifications significantly explained species demographic responses. In addition, species with restricted distribution ranges increased relatively more their niche space when considering climatic variability, probably because in widely distributed species spatial variability compensates for temporal variability.Main conclusionsThe common use of climatic averages when characterizing species niches could lead to underestimations of species distribution and misunderstanding of demographic behaviour, with implications for conservation plans derived from SDMs, for example, overestimations of species extinction risk under climate change, or underestimations of alien species invasion’ risk. We highlight that including climatic variability in niche modelling can be particularly important when dealing with species with restricted distribution and populations at the margin of their species niche.
The impact of errors in infant development: Falling like a baby
Authors: Han Danyang , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhat is the role of errors in infants' acquisition of basic skills such as walking, skills that require immense amounts of practice to become flexible and generative? Do infants change their behaviors based on negative feedback from errors, as suggested by “reinforcement learning” in artificial intelligence, or do errors go largely unmarked so that learning relies on positive feedback? We used falling as a model system to examine the impact of errors in infant development. We examined fall severity based on parent reports of prior falls and videos of 563 falls incurred by 138 13‐ to 19‐month‐old infants during free play in a laboratory playroom. Parent reports of notable falls were limited to 33% of infants and medical attention was limited to 2% of infants. Video‐recorded falls were typically low‐impact events. After falling during free play in the laboratory, infants rarely fussed (4% of falls), caregivers rarely showed concern (8% of falls), and infants were back at play within seconds. Impact forces were mitigated by infants' effective reactive behaviors, quick arrest of the fall before torso or head impact, and small body size. Moreover, falling did not alter infants' subsequent behavior. Infants were not deterred from locomotion or from interacting with the objects and elevations implicated in their falls. We propose that a system that discounts the impact of errors in early stages of development encourages infants to practice basic skills such as walking to the point of mastery.
Left atrial diverticulum—An unexpected finding in routine transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Schneider Matthias , Morris Daniel A. , Pieske‐Kraigher Elisabeth , Walter‐Rittel Thula , Parwani Abdul S. , Pieske Burkert , Boldt Leif‐Hendrik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report a 55‐year‐old male patient with lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who underwent routine transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) at our institution. In a mid‐esophageal 125° three‐chamber angulation, a distinct thinning of the left atrial (LA) wall was observed, forming a 7 × 4 mm canal with only a small membrane separating the LA from the pericardial space. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging diagnosed a small LA diverticulum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first manuscript describing detection of a small LA diverticulum via TOE.
Microglial peri‐somatic abutments classify two novel types of GABAergic neuron in the inferior colliculus
Authors: Webb Samuel David , Orton Llwyd David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests functional roles for microglia in the healthy, mature nervous system. However, we know little of the cellular density and ramified morphology of microglia in sensory systems, and even less of their inter‐relationship with inhibitory neurons. We therefore conducted fluorescent multi‐channel immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy in guinea pigs of both sexes for Iba1, GAD67, GFAP, calbindin, and calretinin. We explored these markers in the inferior colliculi (IC), which contain sub‐regions specialized for different aspects of auditory processing. First, we found that while the density of Iba1+ somata is similar throughout the IC parenchyma, Iba1+ microglia in dorsal cortex are significantly more ramified than those in the central nucleus or lateral cortex. Conversely, Iba1+ ramifications in ventral central nucleus, a region with the highest density of GAD67+ (putative GABAergic) neurons in IC, are longer with fewer ramifications. Second, we observed extensive abutments of ramified Iba1+ processes onto GAD67+ somata throughout the whole IC and developed novel measures to quantify these. Cluster analyses revealed two novel sub‐types of GAD67+ neuron that differ in the quantity of Iba1+ somatic abutments they receive. Unlike previous classification schemes for GAD67+ neurons in IC, these clusters are not related to GAD67+ soma size. Taken together, these data demonstrate that microglial ramifications vary between IC sub‐regions in the healthy, adult IC, possibly related to the ongoing demands of their niche. Furthermore, Iba1+ abutments onto neuronal somata are a novel means by which GAD67+ neurons can be classified.
Pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol in children with refractory epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Cáceres Guido Paulo , Riva Natalia , Caraballo Roberto , Reyes Gabriela , Huaman Marina , Gutierrez Robinson , Agostini Silvana , Fabiana Delaven Sandra , Pérez Montilla Carlos A. , García Bournissen Facundo , Schaiquevich Paula 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGrowing interest in the clinical use of cannabidiol (CBD) as adjuvant therapy for pediatric refractory epileptic encephalopathy emphasizes the need for drug treatment optimization. The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of CBD in pediatric patients with refractory epileptic encephalopathy receiving an oil‐based oral solution. To evaluate CBD concentrations, six serial blood samples per patient were collected after the morning dose of CBD, at least 21 days after the beginning of treatment. Twelve patients who received a median (range) dose of 12.2 (5.3‐19.4) mg/kg/d (twice daily) were included in the analysis. Median (range) CBD time to maximum plasma concentration, maximum plasma concentration, and area under the concentration versus time curve up to 6 hours after dosing were 3.2 hours (1.9‐6.2), 49.6 ng/mL (14.4‐302.0), and 226.3 ng ⋅ h/mL (70.5‐861.3), respectively. CBD systemic exposure parameters were in the lower range of previous reports in pediatric patients receiving doses in a similar range. Most of our patients (83%) showed little CBD plasma level fluctuation during a dosing interval, comparable to that encountered after oral administration of an extended release drug delivery system. CDB administration was generally safe and well tolerated, and a novel levothyroxine‐CBD interaction was recorded. Similar to other studies, large interindividual variability in CBD exposure was observed, encouraging the use of CBD therapeutic drug monitoring.
FBXO28 causes developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with profound intellectual disability
Authors: Schneider Amy L. , Myers Candace T. , Muir Alison M. , Calvert Sophie , Basinger Alice , Perry M. Scott , Rodan Lance , Helbig Katherine L. , Chambers Chelsea , Gorman Kathleen M. , King Mary D. , Donkervoort Sandra , Soldatos Ariane , Bönnemann Carsten G. , Spataro Nino , Gabau Elisabeth , Arellano Montserrat , Cappuccio Gerarda , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Rossignol Elsa , Hamdan Fadi F. , Michaud Jacques L. , Balak Christopher , Mefford Heather C. , Scheffer Ingrid E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChromosome 1q41‐q42 deletion syndrome is a rare cause of intellectual disability, seizures, dysmorphology, and multiple anomalies. Two genes in the 1q41‐q42 microdeletion, WDR26 and FBXO28, have been implicated in monogenic disease. Patients with WDR26 encephalopathy overlap clinically with those with 1q41‐q42 deletion syndrome, whereas only one patient with FBXO28 encephalopathy has been described. Seizures are a prominent feature of 1q41‐q42 deletion syndrome; therefore, we hypothesized that pathogenic FBXO28 variants cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). We describe nine new patients with FBXO28 pathogenic variants (four missense, including one recurrent, three nonsense, and one frameshift) and analyze all 10 known cases to delineate the phenotypic spectrum. All patients had epilepsy and 9 of 10 had DEE, including infantile spasms (3) and a progressive myoclonic epilepsy (1). Median age at seizure onset was 22.5 months (range 8 months to 5 years). Nine of 10 patients had intellectual disability, which was profound in six of nine and severe in three of nine. Movement disorders occurred in eight of 10 patients, six of 10 had hypotonia, four of 10 had acquired microcephaly, and five of 10 had dysmorphic features, albeit different to those typically seen in 1q41‐q42 deletion syndrome and WDR26 encephalopathy. We distinguish FBXO28 encephalopathy from both of these disorders with more severe intellectual impairment, drug‐resistant epilepsy, and hyperkinetic movement disorders.
Treatment effects of intra‐articular triamcinolone acetonide in an equine model of recurrent joint inflammation
Authors: Kearney Clodagh M. , Korthagen Nicoline M. , Plomp Saskia G. M. , Labberté Margot C. , de Grauw Janny C. , van Weeren P. R. , Brama Pieter A. J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntra‐articular triamcinolone acetonide is a widely used treatment for joint inflammation despite limited scientific evidence of its efficacy.ObjectivesTo investigate if intra‐articular triamcinolone acetonide has sustained anti‐inflammatory effects using an equine model of repeated joint inflammation.Study designRandomised controlled experimental study.MethodFor three consecutive cycles 2 weeks apart, inflammation was induced in both middle carpal joints of eight horses by injecting 0.25 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After the first LPS injection only, treatment with 12 mg triamcinolone acetonide (TA) followed in one randomly assigned joint, while the contralateral joint was treated with sterile saline (control). Clinical parameters (composite welfare scores, joint effusion, joint circumference) were recorded and synovial fluid samples were analysed for various biomarkers (total protein, WBCC; PGE2; CCL2; TNFα; MMP; GAGs; C2C; CPII) at fixed timepoints (post injection hours 0, 8, 24, 72 and 168). The effects of time and treatment on clinical and synovial fluid parameters and the presence of time–treatment interactions were tested using a linear mixed model for repeated measures with horse as a random effect, and time and treatment as fixed effects.ResultsThe TA treated joints showed significantly higher peak synovial GAG concentrations (Difference in means 283.1875 µg/mL, 95% CI 179.8, 386.6,P < 0.000), and PGE2levels (Difference in means 77.8025 pg/mL, 95% CI 21.2, 134.4,P < 0.007) after the first inflammation induction. Significantly lower TP levels were seen with TA treatment after the second induction (Difference in means −7.5 g/L, 95% CI −14.8, −0.20,P < 0.04) . Significantly lower WBCC levels were noted with TA treatment after the first (Difference in means −23.7125 × 109 cells/L, 95% CI −46.7, −0.7,P < 0.04) and second (Difference in means −35.95 × 109 cells/L, 95% CI −59.0, −12.9,P < 0.002) inflammation inductions. Significantly lower general MMP activity was also seen with TA treatment after the second inflammation inductions (Difference in means −51.65 RFU/s, 95% CI −92.4, −10.9,P < 0.01).Main limitationsThis experimental study cannot fully reflect natural joint disease.ConclusionsIn this model, intra‐articular TA seems to have some anti‐inflammatory activity (demonstrated by reductions in TP, WBCC and general MMP activity) up to 2 weeks post treatment but not at 4 weeks. This anti‐inflammatory effect appeared to outlast a shorter‐lived, potentially detrimental effect illustrated by increased synovial GAG and PGE2levels after the first induction.
Stem cell‐intrinsic mechanisms regulating adult hair follicle homeostasis
Authors: Lee Seon A , Li Kefei Nina , Tumbar Tudorita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdult hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) undergo dynamic and periodic molecular changes in their cellular states throughout the hair homeostatic cycle. These states are tightly regulated by cell‐intrinsic mechanisms and by extrinsic signals from the microenvironment. HFSCs are essential not only for fuelling hair growth, but also for skin wound healing. Increasing evidence suggests an important role of HFSCs in organizing multiple skin components around the hair follicle, thus functioning as an organizing centre during adult skin homeostasis. Here, we focus on recent findings on cell‐intrinsic mechanisms of HFSC homeostasis, which include transcription factors, histone modifications, DNA regulatory elements, non‐coding RNAs, cell metabolism, cell polarity and post‐transcriptional mRNA processing. Several transcription factors are now known to participate in well‐known signalling pathways that control hair follicle homeostasis, as well as in super‐enhancer activities to modulate HFSC and progenitor lineage progression. Interestingly, HFSCs have been shown to secrete molecules that are important in guiding the organization of several skin components around the hair follicle, including nerves, arrector pili muscle and vasculature. Finally, we discuss recent technological advances in the field such as single‐cell RNA sequencing and live imaging, which revealed HFSC and progenitor heterogeneity and brought new light to understanding crosstalking between HFSCs and the microenvironment. The field is well on its way to generate a comprehensive map of molecular interactions that should serve as a solid theoretical platform for application in hair and skin disease and ageing.
Simvastatin–Ezetimibe enhances growth factor expression and attenuates neuron loss in the hippocampus in a model of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Kuo‐Wei , Liang Cheng‐Loong , Yeh Lee‐Ren , Liu Kuo‐Ying , Chen Chao‐Chi , Chen Jui‐Sheng , Chen Han‐Jung , Wang Hao‐Kuang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and severe neurological disorder associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite extensive research into its pathology, there are no clinically approved neuroprotective treatments for ICH. Increasing evidence has revealed that inflammatory responses mediate the pathophysiological processes of brain injury following ICH. Experimental ICH was induced by direct infusion of 100 μL fresh (non‐heparinized) autologous whole blood into the right basal ganglia of Sprague–Dawley rats at a constant rate (10 μL/min). The simvastatin group was administered simvastatin (15 mg/kg) and the combination therapy group was administered simvastatin (10 mg/kg) and ezetimibe (10 mg/kg). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the forelimb use asymmetry test, the Morris water maze test, and two biomarkers were used to evaluate the effect of simvastatin and combination therapy. MRI imaging revealed that combination therapy resulted in significantly reduced perihematomal edema. Biomarker analyses revealed that both treatments led to significantly reduced endothelial inflammatory responses. The forelimb use asymmetry test revealed that both treatment groups had significantly improved neurological outcomes. The Morris water maze test revealed improved neurological function after combined therapy, which also led to less neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 region. In conclusion, simvastatin–ezetimibe combination therapy can improve neurological function, attenuate the endothelial inflammatory response and lead to less neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 region in a rat model of ICH.
Consumer response to hemp: A case study of Vermont residents from 2019 to 2020
Authors: Kolodinsky Jane , Lacasse Hannah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHemp has emerged as a novel crop and ingredient for sustainable products. If innovative hemp‐based products are to succeed in the market, the surge of interest in production must be accompanied by information generation across the supply chain. At present, there is little knowledge on consumer behavior toward hemp and hemp‐based products, and even less on how this behavior has changed since hemp's reintroduction to the production landscape of the United States in 2014. This study compares representative survey data of Vermont residents in 2019 and 2020 on their support for hemp production, and awareness and use of hemp‐based products. Although the influence of demographic variables did not significantly change over time, our findings reveal structural change, with more respondents aware of and using hemp‐based products in 2020 compared to 2019. These findings point to hemp's growing presence and acceptance in the marketplace, where consumers are more informed about or have greater access to hemp products. Despite the state's focus on cannabidiol production, Vermonters appear to be aware of and are purchasing a variety of hemp goods, such as clothing and paper.