bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistent curvature approximation on Riemannian shape spaces
Authors: Effland Alexander , Heeren Behrend , Rumpf Martin , Wirth Benedikt 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We describe how to approximate the Riemann curvature tensor as well as sectional curvatures on possibly infinite-dimensional shape spaces that can be thought of as Riemannian manifolds. To this end we extend the variational time discretization of geodesic calculus presented in Rumpf & Wirth (2015, Variational time discretization of geodesic calculus. IMA J. Numer. Anal., 35, 1011–1046), which just requires an approximation of the squared Riemannian distance that is typically easy to compute. First we obtain first-order discrete covariant derivatives via Schild’s ladder-type discretization of parallel transport. Second-order discrete covariant derivatives are then computed as nested first-order discrete covariant derivatives. These finally give rise to an approximation of the curvature tensor. First- and second-order consistency are proven for the approximations of the covariant derivative and the curvature tensor. The findings are experimentally validated on two-dimensional surfaces embedded in ${\mathbb{R}}^3$. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, the method is applied to a space of parametrized curves as well as to a space of shell surfaces, and discrete sectional curvature confusion matrices are computed on low-dimensional vector bundles.
Understanding Successful Refugee Resettlement in the US
Authors: Shaw Stacey A , Funk Mallory , Garlock Elisabeth Schaerr , Arok Adhieu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Refugee resettlement in the US is built on the aim of assisting newcomers to quickly establish self-sufficiency. As resettlement opportunities shrink, securing national borders has become a U.S. priority. These aims neglect the reasons why people seek resettlement. Conducted at a time of change in U.S. resettlement, interviews with eighty-eight refugees resettled at least 5 years prior examined resettlement priorities and perceptions of successful resettlement. Participants prioritized safety, educational opportunity, financial stability, and social connections. U.S. resettlement policies and programmes can be strengthened through an increased focus on safety, education, and community building, in addition to the existing emphasis on economic outcomes. Additionally, resettlement services can expand to assist newcomers in navigating these priorities.
Melt Migration and Interaction in a Dunite Channel System within Oceanic Forearc Mantle: the Yushigou Harzburgite–Dunite Associations, North Qilian Ophiolite (NW China)
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Zheng Jianping , Li Yibing , Zhu Hui , Griffin William L , O’Reilly Suzanne Y 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHarzburgite–dunite associations in the Yushigou ophiolitic complex (North Qilian suture, NW China) offer insights into melt migration and melt–rock interaction above a subduction zone. Based on detailed petrographic and in situ analyses, we propose a three-stage model to describe the history of melt channel formation in oceanic arc mantle. In the first stage, high-degree melt extraction was followed by widespread infiltration of small-volume melts, which formed the harzburgite that makes up most of the Yushigou complex. The Yushigou harzburgites thus have highly refractory major-element compositions (olivine Fo = 91·1–93·2, spinel Cr# [atomic 100 × Cr/(Cr + Al)] = 55·2–62·9, whole-rock Mg# = 90·5–92·0, Al2O3 = 0·29–0·74 wt%, CaO = 0·35–0·54 wt%, and low Na2O = 0·02–0·05 wt%) but slight enrichment in the light rare earth elements (LREE). In the second stage, high-volume focused melts infiltrated into the mantle wedge and produced two types of dunite, with high-Cr# (mainly 63·1–73·6) versus low-Cr# (23·6–33·7) spinel. In the low-Cr# dunites, spinels have significantly fewer inclusions and lower Fo values (88·7–90·1) in olivine than in the high-Cr# dunite (Fo = 89·9–90·5), together with higher modal abundances of interstitial sulfides. The two groups of dunite show similar extremely low TiO2 (&lt;0·01 wt%) but different igneous clinopyroxene trace-element patterns (ΣLREE/ΣHREE ≈ 1 in low-Cr# dunite versus ΣLREE/ΣHREE &gt;10 in high-Cr# dunite), indicating distinct differences in the infiltrating melts. The low-Cr# dunite is a cumulate from an anhydrous Al- and S-enriched basaltic melt, whereas the high-Cr# dunite was produced by reaction of harzburgite with a carbon-bearing, alkaline hydrous silicate magma. The confluence of these melt migrations finally formed a channelized dunite network, and later magmatic activity was restricted to these channels. Pulsated melt supply after chromite crystallization formed pervasive sieve-textured rims around spinel in both kinds of dunite, but these are rare in the harzburgite. The third stage was marked by fluid-dominated metasomatism recorded by millimeter-scale veined conduits, which contain carbonate (dolomite and magnesite), amphibole, phlogopite and compound crystal assemblages in both kinds of dunite. CH4–N2–graphite-dominated fluid inclusions are widespread in all lithologies, recording the volatiles transported during the last metasomatic event. The Yushigou complex thus provides a detailed example of interaction between multiple batches of melt or fluid and a lithospheric mantle wedge dunitic channel system. The results of this study further suggest that the formation of podiform chromite requires melt participation, and the nature and origins of the melts can be diverse.
Cytotoxicity and DNA damage evaluation of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. Uptake in lung cells in culture
Authors: Freire K , Ordóñez Ramos F , Soria D B , Pabón Gelves E , Di Virgilio A L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The cytotoxicity and DNA damage of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 and ZnO NPs) have been studied in a human lung carcinoma cell line (A549) after 24 h exposure. TiO2 and ZnO NPs had mean diameters of 12.9 ± 2.8 and 24.1 ± 8.0 nm, respectively. ZnO NPs reduced cell viability from 250 μg/mL, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased GSH/GSSG ratio. The comet assay detected DNA damage from 50 μg/mL. TiO2 NPs induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage from 50 to 100 μg/mL, respectively, along with a decrease of the GSH/GSSG ratio. Both particles were found inside the cells, within membrane-bound vesicles. The internalization mechanism is promoted partially by caveolae-mediated endocytosis and, in the case of TiO2 NPs, also by macropinocytosis.
Drought elicits contrasting responses on the autumn dynamics of wood formation in late successional deciduous tree species
Authors: Dox Inge , Prislan Peter , Gričar Jožica , Mariën Bertold , Delpierre Nicolas , Flores Omar , Leys Sebastien , Rathgeber Cyrille B K , Fonti Patrick , Campioli Matteo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch on wood phenology has mainly focused on reactivation of the cambium in spring. In this study we investigated if summer drought advances cessation of wood formation and if it has any influence on wood structure in late successional forest trees of the temperate zone. The end of xylogenesis was monitored between August and November in stands of European beech and pedunculate oak in Belgium for two consecutive years, 2017 and 2018, with the latter year having experienced an exceptional summer drought. Wood formation in oak was affected by the drought, with oak trees ceasing cambial activity and wood maturation about 3 weeks earlier in 2018 compared with 2017. Beech ceased wood formation before oak, but its wood phenology did not differ between years. Furthermore, between the 2 years, no significant difference was found in ring width, percentage of mature fibers in the late season, vessel size and density. In 2018, beech did show thinner fiber walls, whereas oak showed thicker walls. In this paper, we showed that summer drought can have an important impact on late season wood phenology xylem development. This will help to better understand forest ecosystems and improve forest models.
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis on psychosocial factors related to rehabilitation motivation of stroke patients
Authors: Cheong Moon Joo , Jeon Byeonghyeon , Noh Se-Eung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Rehabilitation motivation is more important than any other factor in terms of treatment effects among stroke patients. The goal of this study is to explore the variables related to rehabilitation motivation that affect treatment effects and analyze their effect sizes, in order to manage the psychosocial interventions required by stroke patients.

Methods:
Thirteen electronic databases will be searched from November to December 2020. The search terms will be composed of the disease term part (eg, “stroke”) and the intervention term part (eg, “rehabilitation motivation or rehabilitation factors related to motivation or self-efficacy or family support or rehabilitation adherence or achievement or psychosocial factors, including self-motivation, social support, psychological distress, rehabilitation adherence”). Selected studies the for systematic review and meta-analysis will include randomized, quasi-randomized, and nonrandomized controlled trials, and research programs on rehabilitation motivation; qualitative research and case studies will be excluded. The participants will be stroke patients. Two authors will independently assess each study for eligibility and risk of bias, and to extract data.

Results:
This study will comprehensively explore the psychosocial and physical behavioral variables related to the rehabilitation motivation of stroke patients and provide their priorities and effect sizes. In addition, we will report the magnitude of the correlation effect on the rehabilitation motivation of stroke patients according to each demographic variable.

Conclusions:
The conclusions of our study will provide effective evidence of psychosocial variables that influence the treatment outcomes of stroke patients.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42020207467
Efficacy of Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jin Hongyu , Zhang Man , Jia Kaiyu , Huang Libin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
To comprehensively analyze the relative effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy (RS) in the diagnosis of suspected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:
We will perform a complete systematic review based on studies from PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Ovid, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library and CNKI. We plan to identify over 2000 spectra with strict criteria in several individual studies published between January 2008 and November 2020 in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. We are going to summarize the test performance using random effects models.

Results:
This study will provide solid evidence and data on the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of RS in the diagnosis of HCC.

Conclusion:
Through this meta-analysis, we intend to provide the pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of RS in the diagnosis of suspected HCC. Other parameters like positive LR, negative LR, DOR and AUC of the SROC curve will also be calculated and drawn to help illustrate the efficacy of RS in the diagnosis of HCC.
Prospective Correlation of Prognostic Immunohistochemical Markers With SUV and ADC Derived From Dedicated Hybrid Breast 18F-FDG PET/MRI in Women With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer
Authors: Morawitz Janna , Kirchner Julian , Martin Ole , Bruckmann Nils-Martin , Dietzel Frederic , Li Yan , Rischpler Christoph , Herrmann Ken , Umutlu Lale , Bittner Ann-Kathrin , Mohrmann Svjetlana , Ingenwerth Marc , Häberle Lena , Esposito Irene , Antoch Gerald , Buchbender Christian , Sawicki Lino M. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study was to correlate prognostically relevant immunohistochemical parameters of breast cancer with simultaneously acquired SUVs and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived from hybrid breast PET/MRI.

Patients and Methods
Fifty-six women with newly diagnosed, therapy-naive, histologically proven breast cancer (mean age, 54.1 ± 12.0 years) underwent dedicated prone 18F-FDG breast PET/MRI. Diffusion-weighted imaging (b-values: 0, 500, 1000 s/mm2) was performed simultaneously with the PET acquisition. A region of interest encompassing the entire primary tumor on each patient’s PET/MRI scan was used to determine the glucose metabolism represented by maximum and mean SUV as well as into corresponding ADC maps to assess tumor cellularity represented by mean and minimum ADC values. Histopathological tumor grading and prognostically relevant immunohistochemical markers, that is, Ki67, progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), were assessed. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to compare SUV and ADC values as well as the immunohistochemically markers and molecular subtype. For the comparison with the tumor grading, a Wilcoxon test was used.

Results
A significant inverse correlation between SUV and ADC values derived from breast PET/MRI (r = −0.49 for SUVmean vs ADCmean; r = −0.43 for SUVmax vs ADCmin; both P’s < 0.001) was found. Tumor grading and Ki67 both showed a positive correlation with SUVmean from breast PET/MRI (r = 0.37 and r = 0.32, P < 0.01). For immunohistochemical markers, HER2 showed an inverse correlation with ADC values from breast PET/MRI (r = −0.35, P < 0.01). Molecular subtypes significantly correlate with SUVmax and SUVmean (r = 0.52 and r = 0.42, both P’s < 0.05). In addition, estrogen receptor expression showed an inverse correlation with SUVmax and SUVmean from breast PET/MRI (r = −0.45 and r = −0.42, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The present data show a correlation between increased glucose metabolism, cellularity, tumor grading, estrogen and HER2 expression, as well as molecular subtype of breast cancer primaries. Hence, simultaneous 18F-FDG PET and diffusion-weighted imaging from hybrid breast PET/MRI may serve as a predictive tool for identifying high-risk breast cancer patients in initial staging and guide-targeted therapy.
blaOXA-48-like genome architecture among carbapenemase-producingEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaein the Netherlands
Authors: Hendrickx Antoni P.A. , Landman Fabian , de Haan Angela , Borst Dyogo , Witteveen Sandra , van Santen-Verheuvel Marga , Schouls Leo M. ,   the Dutch CPE surveillance Study Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes belonging to the OXA-48-like group are encoded byblaOXA-48-like alleles and are abundant amongEnterobacteralesin the Netherlands. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the characteristics, gene content, and diversity of theblaOXA-48-like carrying plasmids and chromosomes ofEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaecollected in the Dutch national surveillance from 2014-2019 in comparison with genome sequences retrieved from 29 countries. By combining short-read and long-read sequencing, 47 and 132 completeblaOXA-48-like plasmids were reconstructed forE. coliandK. pneumoniae, respectively. Distinct plasmid groups designated as pOXA-48, pOXA-181, and pOXA-232 were identified in the Netherlands and varied in size, % G+C, presence of antibiotic resistance genes, replicons and gene content. The pOXA-48 plasmids were variable, while pOXA-181 and pOXA-232 plasmids were conserved. A group of non-related pOXA-48 plasmids contained different resistance genes, non-IncL type replicons or carried no replicons.K. pneumoniaeisolates carryingblaOXA-48orblaOXA-232were mostly resistant, whileE. coli blaOXA-48,blaOXA-181and chromosomalblaOXA-48orblaOXA-244isolates were mostly sensitive for meropenem. Analysis of chromosomally localizedblaOXA-48-like alleles revealed that these were flanked by a direct repeat (DR) upstream of IS1R, which were found at multiple locations in the chromosome of distinct genetic backgrounds. In conclusion, the overallblaOXA-48-like plasmid population in the Netherlands is conserved and similar to that reported for other countries, although a highly diverseblaOXA-48-like plasmid subgroup was present. Chromosomally encodedblaOXA-48-like alleles are from distinct genetic backgrounds and occurs at variable positions containing the DR, thereby indicating multiple independent transpositions.ImportanceOXA-48-type of carbapenem hydrolyzing enzymes encoded byblaOXA-48-like genes from transmissible plasmids or chromosomes ofEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaehave spread world-wide and are of concern. Dissecting theblaOXA-48-like genome architecture at the molecular level by combining short-read and long-read sequencing will lead to understanding trends in the plasmid reservoir ofE. coliandK. pneumoniaein the Netherlands and may enhance future international pathogen surveillance.
Portuguese Inguinal Hernia Cohort (PINE) study
Authors:   PT Surg – Portuguese Surgical Research Collaborative, Simões J , João AA , Azevedo JM , Peyroteo M , Cunha M , Vieira B , Gonçalves N , Costa J , Soares AS , Pimenta JS , Romano M , Cinza AM , Miguel I , Martins AR , Fialho G , Reia M , Borges FC , Monteiro CF , Soares AC , Sousa P , Frade S , Matos L , Carvas JM , Martins SF , Sousa X , Rodrigues C , Carvalho JR , Gil IC , Castro L , Rombo N , Quintela AC , Ribeiro HM , Parreira R , Santos P , Caires F , Torre A , Rodrigues SC , Guimarães AH , Carvalho MF , Pimentel MA , Santos DC , Ramos CF , Cunha C , Azevedo C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeRecent comprehensive guidelines have been published on the management of inguinal hernia. Contrary to other European countries, no Portuguese hernia registry exists. This represents an opportunity to assess outcomes of hernia surgery in the Portuguese population. The primary aim is to define the prevalence of chronic pain after elective inguinal hernia repair. The secondary aims are to identify risk factors for chronic pain after elective inguinal hernia repair, to characterise the management of elective inguinal hernia in public Portuguese hospitals.MethodsProspective national cohort study of patients submitted to elective inguinal hernia repair. The primary outcome is the prevalence of chronic postoperative inguinal pain, according to the EuraHS QoL questionnaire at 3 months postoperatively. The study will be delivered in all Portuguese regions through a collaborative research network. Four 2-week inclusion periods will be open for recruitment. A site-specific questionnaire will capture procedure volume and logistical facilities for hernia surgery.ConclusionThis protocol describes the methodology of a prospective cohort study on the elective management of inguinal hernia. It discusses key challenges and describes how the results will impact future investigation. The study will be conducted across a nationwide collaborative research network, with prospective quality assurance and data validation strategies. It will provide the basis for a more accurate prediction of chronic postoperative inguinal pain and the research on adequate patient selection strategies for surgery and therapeutic strategies for postoperative pain.
Microparticle-based Biochemical Sensing Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Deep Learning
Authors: Shah Shreyas , Yu Chun-Nam , Zheng Mingde , Kim Heejong , Eggleston Michael S. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAdvancing continuous health monitoring beyond vital signs to biochemistry will revolutionize personalized medicine. Herein, we report a novel platform to achieve remote biochemical monitoring using microparticle-based biosensors and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Stimuli-responsive, polymeric microparticles were designed to serve as freely-dispersible biorecognition units, wherein binding with a target biochemical induces volumetric changes of the microparticle. Analytical approaches to detect these sub-micron changes in 3D using OCT were devised by modeling the microparticle as an optical cavity, enabling estimations far below the resolution of the OCT system. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the 3D spatiotemporal monitoring of glucose-responsive microparticles distributed throughout a tissue-mimic in response to dynamically-fluctuating levels of glucose. Deep learning was further implemented using 3D convolutional neural networks to automate the vast processing of the continuous stream of three-dimensional time series data, resulting in a robust end-to-end pipeline with immense potential for continuousin vivobiochemical monitoring.
The Ca2+-activated cation channel TRPM4 is a positive regulator of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Guo Yang , Yu Ze-Yan , Wu Jianxin , Gong Hutao , Kesteven Scott , Iismaa Siiri E. , Chan Andrea Y. , Holman Sara , Pinto Silvia , Pironet Andy , Cox Charles D. , Graham Robert M. , Vennekens Rudi , Feneley Michael P. , Martinac Boris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a consequence of pressure overload caused by systemic hypertension or aortic stenosis and is a strong predictor of cardiac failure and mortality. Understanding the molecular pathways in the development of pathological LVH may lead to more effective treatment. Here, we show that the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily melastatin 4 (TRPM4) ion channel is an important contributor to the mechanosensory transduction of pressure overload that induces LVH. In mice with pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for two weeks, cardiomyocyte TRPM4 expression was reduced, as compared to control mice. Cardiomyocyte-specific TRPM4 inactivation reduced by ~50% the degree of TAC-induced LVH, as compared with wild type (WT). In WT mice, TAC activated the CaMKIIδ-HDAC4-MEF2A but not the calcineurin-NFAT-GATA4 pathway. In TRPM4 knock-out mice, activation of the CaMKIIδ-HDAC4-MEF2A pathway by TAC was significantly reduced. However, consistent with a reduction in the known inhibitory effect of CaMKIIδ on calcineurin activity, reduction in the CaMKIIδ-HDAC4-MEF2A pathway was associated with partial activation of the calcineurin-NFAT-GATA4 pathway. These findings indicate that the TRPM4 channel and its cognate signalling pathway are potential novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of pathological pressure overload-induced LVH.Significance statementPathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) occurs in response to pressure overload and remains the single most important clinical predictor of cardiac mortality. Preventing pressure overload LVH is a major goal of therapeutic intervention. Current treatments aim to remove the stimulus for LVH by lowering elevated blood pressure or replacing a stenotic aortic valve. However, neither of these interventions completely reverses adverse cardiac remodelling. Although numerous molecular signalling steps in the induction of LVH have been identified, the initial step by which mechanical stretch associated with cardiac pressure overload is converted into a chemical signal that initiates hypertrophic signalling, remains unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that the TRPM4 channel is a component of the mechanosensory transduction pathway that ultimately leads to LVH.