bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human footprint differentially impacts genetic connectivity of four wide‐ranging mammals in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Thatte Prachi , Chandramouli Anuradha , Tyagi Abhinav , Patel Kaushal , Baro Phulmani , Chhattani Himanshu , Ramakrishnan Uma 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimMaintaining connectivity is critical for long‐term persistence of wild carnivores in landscapes fragmented due to anthropogenic activity. We examined spatial genetic structure and the impact of landscape features on genetic structure in four widespread species—jungle cat (Felis chaus), leopard (Panthera pardus), sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) and tiger (Panthera tigris).LocationOur study was carried out in the central Indian landscape, a stronghold in terms of distribution and abundance of large mammals. The landscape comprises fragmented forests embedded in a heterogeneous matrix of multiple land use types.MethodsMicrosatellite data from non‐invasively sampled individuals (90 jungle cats, 82 leopards, 104 sloth bears and 117 tigers) were used to investigate genetic differentiation. Impact of landscape features on genetic structure was inferred using a multimodel landscape resistance optimization approach.ResultsAll four study species revealed significant isolation by distance (IBD). The correlation between genetic and geographic distance was significant only over a short distance for jungle cat, followed by longer distances for sloth bear, leopard and tiger. Overall, human footprint had a high negative impact on gene flow in tigers, followed by leopards, sloth bears and the least on jungle cats. Individual landscape variables—land use, human population density, density of linear features and roads—impacted the study species differently. Although land use was found to be an important variable explaining genetic structure for all four species, the amount of variation explained, and the optimum spatial resolution and the resistance values of different land use classes varied.Main conclusionsAs expected from theory, but rarely demonstrated using empirical data, the pattern of spatial autocorrelation of genetic variation scaled with dispersal ability and density of the study species. Landscape genetic analyses revealed species‐specific impact of landscape features and provided insights into interactions between species biology and landscape structure. Our results emphasize the need for incorporating functional connectivity data from multiple species for landscape‐level conservation planning.
Sleep architecture and homeostasis in children with epilepsy: a neurodevelopmental perspective
Authors: Chan Samantha Yuen‐Sum 
Published: December 2019

Although the influence of sleep on epilepsy has long been recognized, this relationship has yet to be fully exploited to benefit patients. The past decade has seen significant advances in understanding paediatric sleep, providing a framework by which to properly evaluate the sleep of children with epilepsy, which itself has been subject to increasing scrutiny. The role of sleep in learning and the potential for interictal discharges to disrupt sleep‐related memory consolidation provide a novel perspective for understanding the association of childhood epilepsy with a high rate of intellectual disability. In this review, I outline the evolution of sleep duration, architecture, and homeostasis across childhood, relating this to the development of cognitive functions. I describe how these may be disrupted or preserved in children with epilepsy; in particular, collating data from polysomnography. Finally, I explore how sleep may, in the future, be modulated to improve cognitive outcome in these patients.What this paper adds

Children with epilepsy have less rapid eye movement sleep than controls, but this improves with seizure cessation.

Deep or slow‐wave sleep is highly conserved in children with epilepsy.

Sleep homeostasis may be disrupted either at a local or global level by the presence of interictal epileptiform discharges.
Incidence of falls among adults with cerebral palsy: a cohort study using primary care data
Authors: Ryan Jennifer M , Cameron Michelle H , Liverani Silvia , Smith Kimberley J , O'connell Neil , Peterson Mark D , Anokye Nana , Victor Christina , Boland Fiona 
Published: December 2019

AimTo compare the rate of falls between adults with and without cerebral palsy (CP).MethodWe used primary care data on 1705 adults with CP and 5115 adults without CP matched for age, sex, and general practice attended. We compared odds of experiencing a fall between adults with and without CP using conditional logistic regression. We compared the rate of falls using a negative binomial model.ResultsParticipants were 3628 males (53%) and 3192 females (47%) (median age 29y, interquartile range 20–42y) at the start of follow‐up. Follow‐up was 14 617 person‐years for adults with CP and 56 816 person‐years for adults without CP. Of adults with CP, 15.3% experienced at least one fall compared to 5.7% of adults without CP. Adults with CP had 3.64 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.98–4.45) the odds of experiencing a fall compared to adults without CP. The rate of falls was 30.5 per 1000 person‐years and 6.7 per 1000 person‐years for adults with and without CP respectively (rate ratio 5.83, 95% CI 4.84–7.02)InterpretationAdults with CP are more likely to fall, and fall more often, than adults without CP. The causes and consequences of falls in adults with CP need examination.What this paper adds

Twenty adults with CP and 5.3 adults without CP experienced at least one fall per 1000 person‐years.

Adults with CP experienced 30.5 falls per 1000 person‐years compared to 6.7 falls per 1000 person‐years among adults without CP.

Adults with CP had 3.64 times the odds of experiencing a fall compared to adults without CP.

Adults with CP experienced 5.83 times more falls than adults without CP.
Proportion of young people in the general population consulting general practitioners: Potential for mental health screening and prevention
Authors: Solmi Marco , Durbaba Stevo , Ashworth Mark , Fusar‐Poli Paolo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimOne of the main obstacles with prevention in psychiatry is low detection of young subjects at risk for psychosis. The aim of the present work is to test whether general practitioners' (GP) offices are a possible setting for prevention of mental illness.MethodsWe used an Electronic Health Record database (Datanet) representing South‐London (Lambeth), where frequency of GP visits were available for each registered subject.ResultsWe show that in 2018 out of almost 175 000 subjects aged 12 to 35, almost six out of ten people were seen by their General practitioner at least once in 2018, and considering those subjects with at least one medical condition, around nine subjects out of ten did the same.ConclusionsA high proportion of adolescents and young adults are seen by GPs at least once per year. GP offices should be tested as possible setting for detection of subjects at risk for mental illness, in particular in subjects with risk factors for mental illness.
Age–period–cohort analysis of trends in toothache prevalence among 15‐ to 64‐yr‐old Finns over a 25‐yr period
Authors: Raittio Eero , Helakorpi Satu , Suominen Anna L. 
Published: December 2019

Information on long‐term trends in toothache prevalence is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess age‐, period‐, and cohort‐related changes in toothache prevalence among 15‐ to 64‐yr‐old adults in Finland between 1990 and 2014 by using annual, representative postal surveys, albeit with decreasing response rates from 76% (n = 3,812) to 53% (n = 2,630). Age–period–cohort analysis of toothache prevalence during the past month was performed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to account for other factors contributing to toothache. Toothache prevalence increased from 7% to 12% during the time period 1990 to 2014. Age–period–cohort analysis revealed that toothache prevalence increased from cohort to cohort, especially from the 1960 birth cohorts onwards (cohort effect). Adults under 30 yr of age had the highest toothache prevalence (~17%), while, in those over 30 yr of age, toothache prevalence decreased steadily according to age (to ~5% at age 64 yr, age effect). Toothache prevalence peaked at ~ 11% in the mid‐2000s (period effect). Toothache was strongly associated with poorer perceived health and lower toothbrushing frequency and less strongly associated with higher educational level, a higher number of missing teeth, history of smoking, being single, separated, or divorced, and female gender. The increase in toothache prevalence occurred especially from 1990 to the mid‐2000s, and mainly among younger age groups and more recent cohorts.
Electromagnetic optimization‐based clustering algorithm
Authors: Kushwaha Neetu , Pant Millie , Sharma Sugam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces the electromagnetic clustering algorithm (ELMC), an enhanced variant of electromagnetic field optimization (EFO), for clustering. The motivation behind ELMC is to overcome the shortcomings of traditional k‐means clustering algorithm. The performance of k‐means primarily depends upon the initial choice of centroids, which can lead the algorithm towards an undesirable local optimum, if chosen incorrectly or inefficiently. The ELMC utilizes the attraction–repulsion concept of the EFO algorithm to maintain the diversity of the population, making it less vulnerable towards the initial choice of centroids. The performance of ELMC is validated on a set of benchmark problems, and the results are compared with other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. Numerical and graphical results indicate the competence of the proposed ELMC algorithm.
A Na+ A1AO ATP synthase with a V‐type c subunit in a mesophilic bacterium
Authors: Litty Dennis , Müller Volker 
Published: December 2019

A1AO ATP synthases with a V‐type c subunit have only been found in hyperthermophilic archaea which makes bioenergetic analyses impossible due to the instability of liposomes at high temperatures. A search for a potential archaeal A1AO ATP synthase with a V‐type c subunit in a mesophilic organism revealed an A1AO ATP synthase cluster in the anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium Eubacterium limosum KIST612. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity from cells grown on methanol to a specific activity of 1.2 U·mg−1 with a yield of 12%. The enzyme contained subunits A, B, C, D, E, F, H, a, and c. Subunit c is predicted to be a typical V‐type c subunit with only one ion (Na+)‐binding site. Indeed, ATP hydrolysis was strictly Na+‐dependent. N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibited ATP hydrolysis, but inhibition was relieved by addition of Na+. Na+ was shown directly to abolish binding of the fluorescence DCCD derivative, NCD‐4, to subunit c, demonstrating a competition of Na+ and DCCD/NCD‐4 for a common binding site. After incorporation of the A1AO ATP synthase into liposomes, ATP‐dependent primary transport of 22Na+ as well as ΔµNa+‐driven ATP synthesis could be demonstrated. The Na+ A1AO ATP synthase from E. limosum is the first ATP synthase with a V‐type c subunit from a mesophilic organism. This will enable future bioenergetic analysis of these unique ATP synthases.
Restoring Halite Fluid Inclusions as an Accurate Palaeothermometer: Brillouin Thermometry Versus Microthermometry
Authors: Guillerm Emmanuel , Gardien Véronique , Ariztegui Daniel , Caupin Frédéric 
Published: December 2019

Halite traps inclusions of the mother fluid when precipitating. When unchanged, the density of these fluid inclusions (FIs) records the water temperature Tf at the time of crystal formation. As halite is ubiquitous on Earth and geological time, its FIs possess a high potential as temperature archives. However, the use of FIs in halite as an accurate palaeothermometer has been hampered due to limitations of microthermometry, the most commonly used analytical method. Here, we show how Brillouin spectroscopy in halite FIs bypasses these limitations and allows recovering Tf to within 1 °C or less. To demonstrate this, we measured samples synthesised at 24.6 ± 0.5 °C and 33 ± 1 °C, and obtained 24.8 ± 0.4 °C and 31.9 ± 0.4 °C, respectively. This novel approach thus provides an accurate palaeothermometer for lacustrine and marine environments. Moreover, Brillouin spectroscopy solves the long‐standing debate on damage of halite fluid inclusions through quantifying the acceptable temperature excursion for preserving elastic behaviour: [l/(1 µm)]−0.64 × (90 °C), where l is the FI size. This threshold is lower for FIs close to the surface of the host crystal or to another FI. We also list ‘best practices’ for applying both microthermometry and Brillouin thermometry.
Mucoid and coccoid Helicobacter pylori with fast growth and antibiotic resistance
Authors: Kadkhodaei Sara , Siavoshi Farideh , Akbari Noghabi Kambiz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, one Helicobacter pylori isolate, from gastric biopsy of a dyspeptic patient that turned into mucoid‐coccoid (MC) form upon consecutive subcultures, was identified. The culturability, antibiotic resistance, and lipid contents of MC were compared with those of non‐mucoid (NM) spiral H pylori.Materials and MethodsMucoid‐coccoid and NM H pylori were subcultured on Brucella blood agar (BBA) and incubated under aerobic and microaerobic atmospheres at 37°C. Cultures were examined for colony characteristics and bacterial morphology after 1‐3 days. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests and detection of H pylori‐16S rDNA. Antibiogram was performed with currently used antibiotics for H pylori eradication. Cellular lipid contents were extracted and analyzed by gas chromatography.ResultsCompared with pin‐pointed and glistening colonies of NM H pylori that appeared under microaerobic conditions, MC H pylori grew well in consecutive subcultures under aerobic and microaerobic atmospheres and produced white patches of mucoid colonies. MC exhibited coccoid and NM spiral morphology. Both isolates were catalase, oxidase, and urease positive and contained 16S rDNA. Compared with NM that was susceptible to almost all the antibiotics, MC was resistant to all the antibiotics. Lipid analyses showed high frequency of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol in MC.ConclusionsCoccoid forms with high fatty acid and cholesterol contents that show resistance to antibiotics might resist against other stressful conditions such as gastric acidity and immune response. Moreover, mucoid property may enhance resistance of coccoids to stresses. With mucoid‐coccoid lifestyle, H pylori may establish a chronic infection refractory to antimicrobial therapy.
PROTECT: Relational safety based suicide prevention training frameworks
Authors: Kar Ray Manaan , Wyder Marianne , Crompton David , Kousoulis Antonis A. , Arensman Ella , Hafizi Sepehr , Van Bortel Tine , Lombardo Chiara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPreventing suicide is a global priority, and staff training is a core prevention strategy. However, frontline pressures make translating training into better care and better outcomes difficult. The aim of the paper was to highlight challenges in suicide risk assessment and management and introduce training frameworks to assist with mindful practice so professionals can strike a balance between risk and recovery. We combined the scientific literature with contemporary practice from two successful initiatives from Cambridgeshire, UK: 333 – a recovery‐oriented model of inpatient/community crisis care and PROMISE – a programme to reduce coercion in care by enhancing patient experience. The resulting PROTECT (PROactive deTECTion) frameworks operationalize ongoing practice of relational safety in these programmes. PROTECT is a combination of novel concepts and adaptations of well‐established therapeutic approaches. It has four training frameworks: AWARE for reflection on clinical decisions; DESPAIR for assessment; ASPIRE for management; and NOTES for documentation. PROTECT aims to improve self‐awareness of mental shortcuts and risk‐taking thresholds and increase rigour through time‐efficient cross‐checks. The training frameworks should support a relational approach to self‐harm/suicide risk detection, mitigation, and documentation, making care safer and person‐centred. The goal is to enthuse practitioners with recovery‐oriented practice that draws on the strengths of the person in distress and their natural circle of support. It will provide the confidence to engage in participatory approaches to seek out unique individualized solutions to the overwhelming psychological pain of suicidal distress. Future collaborative research with people with lived and carer experience is needed for fine‐tuning.
Controlled trial of an mHealth intervention to promote healthy behaviours in adolescence (TeenPower): Effectiveness analysis
Authors: Sousa Pedro , Martinho Ricardo , Reis Catarina I. , Dias Sara S. , Gaspar Pedro J. S. , Dixe Maria dos Anjos , Luis Luis S. , Ferreira Regina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness on lifestyle change of an mHealth intervention to promote healthy behaviours in adolescence (TeenPower) and to analyse the predictors of the mHealth intervention effectiveness.DesignThis study is designed as a non‐randomized controlled trial with a two‐arm structure.MethodsAdolescents of 12–16‐year old were recruited from three school districts, with access to the Internet and smartphone/tablet devices. The intervention group was invited to engage in the mHealth intervention (TeenPower) for 6 months in addition to a school‐based intervention. The control group only followed the school‐based intervention. A repeated measures factorial ANOVA was used and the main effectiveness outcome was the lifestyle change measured by the adolescent lifestyle profile.ResultsThe outcomes of the mHealth intervention (TeenPower) show a significant effect on nutrition (ƞ2p = 0.03, p = .03), positive life perspective (ƞ2p = 0.04, p = .01), and global lifestyle (ƞ2p = 0.02, p = .05), with a dropout rate of 62.1%. The analysis of the effectiveness predictors of the mHealth intervention suggested that older adolescents tended to show a significant increase in the rates of stress management (r = .40; p < .05).ConclusionsAlthough the considerable dropout rate, the mHealth intervention presented significant impact on multiple lifestyle domains, providing support for the effectiveness of mHealth interventions for health promotion as an add‐on to standard interdisciplinary interventions.ImpactAdolescents must have the necessary and appropriate knowledge for the correct and responsible decision‐making regarding their health and lifestyle. Innovative strategies (mHealth intervention) were used to promote healthy behaviours. This study evaluates the effectiveness of an mHealth intervention (TeenPower) specifically designed for adolescents. We found a significant impact in several lifestyle domains such as health responsibility, nutrition, positive life perspective, and global lifestyle.
The virtues of collective gatherings: A study on the positive effects of a major scouting event
Authors: Bouchat Pierre , Rimé Bernard , Van Eycken Roxanne , Nils Frédéric 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present study addresses, in a highly ecological setting, the short‐ and long‐term psychosocial consequences of participation in a major scouting event. Using a quasi‐longitudinal design comprising three measures taken over two‐and‐a‐half months (i.e., baseline level; within the 24 hr following the event; 10 weeks after the gathering), we show that participation in this collective gathering was followed by a series of positive effects at the psychosocial level. More precisely, we noticed an increase in the scout's levels of social integration, and individual and social well‐being after their participation in the gathering. Further, in line with a central tenet of the neo‐Durkheimian model of collective processes, the results stress the key role of perceived emotional synchrony in the prediction of the outcomes. Higher perceived emotional synchrony during the gathering was associated with stronger in‐group identification, identity fusion, pride, openness to experience, self‐esteem, positive affects, and adhesion to specific scouting values. Finally, we found that the effects of participation lasted more than a few days and were predicted by the level of perceived emotional synchrony. These findings are the first to show that positive effects of participation in a collective event last for at least ten weeks.
Geographical patterns and current and short‐term historical correlates of phylogenetic diversity and endemism for New World primates
Authors: Varzinczak Luiz H. , Zanata Thais B. , Moura Mauricio O. , Passos Fernando C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimAddressing the phylogenetic relationship among species has been insightful to understand evolutionary and biogeographical processes shaping the distribution of diversity across broad geographical gradients. Here we determine the geographical distribution and the variables correlated with the phylogenetic component of diversity and endemism for primates, as well as their relationships with the taxonomic component of diversity.LocationNew World.TaxonNew World monkeys, Platyrrhini.MethodsWe mapped primate occurrence in cells of 110 × 110 km. For each cell, we calculated phylogenetic diversity (PD) and endemism (PE), as well as how much these indices deviate from their expected values based on species richness (SR) and endemism (SE), respectively. Using simultaneous autoregressive models, we tested the effects of mean annual temperature, forest structure and climate history on the current patterns of primate phylogenetic diversity.ResultsWe found that most primate phylogenetic diversity is found in the tropical forests of South America. Tropical forests also present much higher PD and PE than predicted by SR and SE, respectively, demonstrating their importance in producing and maintaining primate phylogenetic diversity in the New World. Furthermore, regions presenting low SR and SE nevertheless show high PE, likely because these areas have witnessed the evolution of many clades occurring exclusively therein. Overall, mean annual temperature had the highest influence in explaining phylogenetic indices.Main conclusionsOur results suggest a strong influence of primate biogeography throughout the New World on the geographical distribution of the phylogenetic component of their diversity, with the Amazon, Atlantic Forest and Central America containing the greatest amount and endemism of phylogenetic diversity. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics underlying the geographical distribution of New World's primate diversity, especially in a phylogenetic context in which their biogeographical history has deeply affected current patterns of primate diversity in this region. Our results provide essential information for the conservation of primate evolutionary history, especially considering the forecast effects of habitat loss and climate change on the dynamics of tropical forests.