bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of severe depression with paroxetine
Authors: Tignol J 
Published: April 2020

SummaryMeta-analyses of 417 patients diagnosed either prospectively (316 US patients) or retrospectively (101 European patients) as suffering from melancholia according to DSM III criteria have shown that paroxetine was significantly better than placebo with respect to all outcome measures. There was no significant difference between active control and placebo in these analyses. In a group of 216 severely depressed hospitalised patients with a HAMD score of 25 or more, paroxetine was as effective as active control.
La psychiatric française et les lois . La loi de décembre 1988 dite « Huriet» relative à la protection des personnes se prêtant à la recherche biomédicale
Authors: Chabannes JP 
Published: April 2020

RésuméLa loi française du 20 décembre 1988, dont le rapporteurétait le docteur Huriet, sénateur, a redéfini le cadre législatif des essais biomédicaux. Son objet, plus que de garantir la qualité scientifique d’un travail de recherche, vise à protéger les personnes - saines ou malades-qui seraient sollicitées pour participer à de tels essais. Venant se surajouter aux Bonnes Pratiques Cliniques et aux Directives Européennes qui encadrent la recherche clinique, l’application pratique de la loi Huriet, par certains de ses aspects - en particulier I’obtention du consentement et l’accès aux « documents sources » –, crée des difficultés importantes pour les cliniciens et de nouveaux dangers pour les malades. Des modifications pourraient y être apportées pour la mettre en harmonie avec le devoir de soins et l’éthique médicale.
The paradox of tianeptine
Authors: Ansseau M 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe classical biochemical hypothesis of depression posits a functional deficit in central neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin (5-HT) and/or noradrenaline. The major support for this theory was that antidepressants increase the amount of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, by inhibiting reuptake mechanisms (tricyclics) or inhibiting enzymatic catabolism (MAOIs). The major role suggested for 5-HT in this theory led to the development of a large number of compounds which selectively inhibit 5-HT reuptake, such as fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline, paroxetine, etc. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated the antidepressant activity of such types of agents, supporting 5-HT deficit as the main origin of depression. Tianeptine is active in classical animal models of antidepressants. Its antidepressant efficacy has been established in controlled trials involving a large number of patients. Several biochemical studies however demonstrated that tianeptine induces in acute as well as in chronic conditions, a presynaptic increase of 5-HT reuptake, both in animal and human platelets and animal CNS. Therefore, as a 5-HT reuptake enhancer, tianeptine exhibits a mechanism of action totally opposite to 5-HT reuptake blockers such as fluoxetine but, paradoxically, both mechanisms of action are associated with a therapeutic activity in depressive disorders. Several hypotheses to explain these paradoxical findings and different methodologies to test them clinically are proposed.
Agent-Relative Consequentialism and Collective Self-Defeat
Authors: Hammerton Matthew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAndrew Forcehimes and Luke Semrau argue that agent-relative consequentialism is implausible because in some circumstances it classes an act as impermissible yet holds that the outcome of all agents performing that impermissible act is preferable. I argue that their problem is closely related to Derek Parfit's problem of ‘direct collective self-defeat’ and show how Parfit's plausible solution to his problem can be adapted to solve their problem.
A new measure of health motivation influencing food choices and its association with food intakes and nutritional biomarkers in European adolescents
Authors: Santos Thanise Sabrina Souza , Julián Cristina , Vincenzi Silvana Ligia , de Andrade Dalton Francisco , Slater Betzabeth , de Assis Maria Alice Altenburg , Kafatos Anthony , de Henauw Stefaan , Gottrand Fréderic , Androutsos Odysseas , Kersting Mathilde , Sjöström Michael , Forsner Maria , Moreno Luis A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To develop a scale to assess health motivation influencing food choices and to explore its performance in the associations with food intakes and nutritional biomarkers.Design:Psychometric study using cross-sectional self-report questionnaires and nutritional biomarkers.Setting:Multi-centre investigation conducted in ten European cities.Participants:2954 adolescents who were included in the HELENA study and completed the Food Choices and Preferences (FCP) questionnaire.Results:Nineteen out of 124 items of the FCP questionnaire were in the same dimension. Sixteen presented adequate parameters for the Scale of evaluatiOn of Food choIcEs (SOFIE). The scores were positively associated with the intakes of cereals, dairy products, meats and eggs, and fish, as well as with blood concentrations of vitamin C, β-carotene, n-3 fatty acids, cobalamin, holo-transcobalamin and folate; scores were negatively associated with the intake of alcohol.Conclusions:SOFIE can improve the assessment of motivation influencing food choices based on items with the best performance and is proposed as a new measure to health-related studies.
Assessing the potential of a Virtual Patient Advocate to provide preconception care and health advice to women living in Australia
Authors: Walker Ruth , Drakeley Sheila , Julce Clevanne , Sidduri Nireesha , Bickmore Timothy , Skouteris Helen , Jack Brian , Boyle Jacqueline 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA preconception Virtual Patient Advocate (VPA) called “Gabby” supported African-American women to decrease their preconception health risks and may be a scalable resource to increase women’s access to preconception care. Aims were to assess the acceptability of a preconception VPA in women living in Australia and document the changes required to adapt Gabby to suit an Australian context. Taking a descriptive qualitative approach, nonpregnant female participants (n = 31), aged 18–45 years, living in metropolitan and regional Victoria, Australia interacted with Gabby. Focus groups (n = 7) that gathered participants’ perspectives of their experience with Gabby ran in July–August 2019 before being transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Six interrelated themes and 12 subthemes were identified. Participants found VPAs to be an acceptable provider of health information with potential to increase women’s access preconception health advice. Gabby was considered to be trustworthy and was able to develop rapport with participants in a relatively short time. Context-specific, relevant, tailored and trustworthy information and advice were considered more important that Gabby’s physical appearance. Participants had strong opinions about potential technological advancements (e.g., reminders and rewards) and addressing navigation issues to increase Gabby’s acceptability. Participants envisaged that they would use Gabby for readily available and evidence-based information before seeking advice from a health professional if required. Overall, the concept VPAs to provide preconception advice and Gabby were acceptable to participants. Future development of VPAs, Gabby, and other online technology-based resources should consider women’s high expectations of the online health information they choose to interact with.
Control of Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) in golf course natural areas
Authors: Weaver Josh R. , Brown Philip J. , McCarty Lambert B. , Gambrell Nathaniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractJapanese stiltgrass is regarded as one of the most troublesome invasive species in the United States. It is commonly found invading forested areas; however, more recently it has been noted to be invading golf course roughs and out-of-play areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate POST herbicide control of Japanese stiltgrass in golf course and highly maintained turfgrass facilities. None of the treatments provided >80% Japanese stiltgrass control 2 wk after treatment (WAT). At 4 WAT >80% Japanese stiltgrass control was observed with MSMA, MSMA + metribuzin, amicarbazone, and sethoxydim, whereas metsulfuron, pinoxaden, and imazapic provided minimum control. By 8 WAT, MSMA, MSMA + metribuzin, amicarbazone, and sethoxydim provided >98% control, whereas quinclorac, metsulfuron, pinoxaden, and imazapic provided no visible control. Thiencarbazone-methyl + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron-methyl, and sulfentrazone provided limited (≤60%) control. This study indicates that POST control of Japanese stiltgrass can be achieved with MSMA, MSMA + metribuzin, amicarbazone, and sethoxydim. Future research should include long-term control over multiple growing seasons, repeat applications of herbicides, and evaluation of herbicides in combination for increased and longer-term Japanese stiltgrass control.
Der BilWiss-2.0-Test
Authors: Kunina-Habenicht Olga , Maurer Christina , Wolf Kristin , Holzberger Doris , Schmidt Maria , Dicke Theresa , Teuber Ziwen , Koc-Januchta Marta , Lohse-Bossenz Hendrik , Leutner Detlev , Seidel Tina , Kunter Mareike 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. In diesem Beitrag wird ein revidierter Test zur Erfassung des bildungswissenschaftlichen Wissens von (angehenden) Lehrkräften, der BilWiss-2.0-Test, vorgestellt, und es werden Hinweise auf die psychometrische Güte der mit dem Instrument gemessenen Testwerte präsentiert. Das bildungswissenschaftliche Wissen umfasst neben unterrichtsnahen Inhalten auch Kenntnisse bspw. über Bildungstheorie, Schulorganisation oder Wissen über den Lehrerberuf. Die Kurzform des revidierten Wissenstests beinhaltet 65 Items, die Langform des Tests 119 Items aus sechs verschiedenen Inhaltsbereichen. Auf der Datengrundlage von 788 Lehramtsstudierenden mehrerer Universitäten wurden 2-PL-Partial-Credit-IRT-Modelle geschätzt. Bezüglich der faktoriellen Struktur zeigte sich in Strukturgleichungsmodellen für die Kurzform, dass sich die sechs Inhaltsbereiche gut als sechs untereinander korrelierende latente Faktoren abbilden lassen. Für die konvergente und prognostische Validität der Testwertinterpretationen sprechen a) schwache statistisch signifikante Korrelationen zwischen der Testleistung und der Anzahl der besuchten relevanten inhaltsspezifischen Lehrveranstaltungen und Studienleistungen und b) statistisch signifikant schlechtere Wissensleistungen von Studierenden, die mindestens einmal eine Prüfung wiederholen mussten, im Vergleich zu Personen, die keinen Wiederholungsversuch benötigten.
A Characterization of Periodicity in the Voltage Time Series of a Riometer
Authors: Marshall F. A. , Thomson D. J. , Chave A. D. , Fiori R. A. D. , Danskin D. W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper reveals unprecedented periodicity in the voltage series of relative ionospheric opacity meters (riometers) of the Canadian Riometer Array (CRA). In quiet times, the riometer voltage series is accurately modeled by a stochastic process whose components include both a six term expansion in harmonic functions and some amplitude modulated modes of lower signal to noise ratio (SNR). In units of cycles per sidereal day (cpsd), the frequencies of the six harmonic functions lie within 0.01 cpsd of an integer. Earth's rotation induces a splitting of the low SNR components, resulting in the appearance of nine multiplets in standardized power spectrum estimates of the considered CRA voltage series. A second feature of these spectrum estimates is a 6 min periodic element appearing in both the CRA voltage series and the proton mass density series of the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). Spectral peak frequencies have been detected, which lie near established solar mode frequency estimates. In addition, some of these peak frequency estimates are coincident with peak frequency estimates of the standardized power spectra for the time series of proton mass density and interplanetary magnetic field strength (IMF) at ACE.
Tarim Large Igneous Province Caused by a Wide and Wet Mantle Plume
Authors: Liu Hao , Leng Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLarge igneous provinces (LIPs) can form by interactions between a hot mantle plume and the lithosphere. The Tarim LIP between ~300 and 280 Ma, located in Northwest China, has been investigated by geochemistry and sedimentology studies. However, the factors controlling Tarim LIP formation and the ancient Tarim plume characteristics remain unclear. Here, a series of 3‐D geodynamic models are combined with geological observations to constrain the Tarim LIP evolution and the features of the related Tarim plume. Our results show that (1) an ancient plume produced abundant melts attributed to decompression melting, excess temperature, high water contents, and slow plate motion velocities to form the banded Tarim LIP. (2) The simulated pre‐eruption topography coincides with the stratigraphic records from the late Carboniferous to early Permian. Specifically, the swell area of pre‐eruption topography is sensitive only to the plume radius and enables us to constrain the ancient mantle plume size well. (3) Based on the volcanic activity and pre‐eruption topography, we infer that the ancient Tarim plume had a very large radius of ~200 km, a high excess temperature of ~250 K, and a high water content of ~5 wt.%. (4) Our parameter tests and global plate reconstruction results show that high water contents and slow plate motion velocities facilitate continental flood basalts to form with thick lithosphere. Our geodynamic modeling not only provides new constraints for the Tarim LIP evolution but also first quantificationally demonstrates that water in the mantle plays a key role in continental flood basalt formation.
Enhanced Northern Hemisphere Correlation Skill of Subseasonal Predictions in the Strong Negative Phase of the Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Minami Atsushi , Takaya Yuhei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Arctic Oscillation (AO) is the most dominant atmospheric variability in the Northern Hemisphere in boreal winter. Its negative phases sometimes bring extreme cold conditions over Eurasia and North America in boreal winter, impinging on various socioeconomic sectors. Thus, accurate prediction of the AO‐related conditions with a long lead time is greatly anticipated. This study investigates conditional prediction skill in the northern extratropics relative to AO phases using retrospective forecast data of multiple models provided by the Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project, which is jointly conducted by the World Weather Research Programme and the World Climate Research Programme. We found that predictions starting from the strong negative AO phase tend to have enhanced prediction skill in terms of the anomaly correlation coefficient of 500‐hPa geopotential height, which measures the similarity of spatial patterns. The skill enhancement is not apparent in terms of the root mean square error score. We also discuss dynamical mechanisms behind the enhanced prediction skill. The Eliassen‐Palm flux diagnosis indicated that the strong negative AO phase induces the stronger eddy‐zonal flow feedback to sustain the anomalous zonal flow condition than the strong positive AO phase. Moreover, the anomalous zonal flow is associated with an anomalous zonally asymmetric pattern. As a result, the anomalous AO pattern is better predicted in the strong negative AO phase, contributing to the enhancement of the Northern Hemisphere correlation skill. Results highlight that dynamics inherent in the extratropical atmosphere can provide the subseasonal predictability in a certain atmospheric condition.
Insurance Portfolio Diversification Through Bundling for Competing Agents Exposed to Uncorrelated Drought and Flood Risks
Authors: Denaro Simona , Castelletti Andrea , Giuliani Matteo , Characklis Gregory 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWorldwide, conflict over shared water resources is exacerbated by population growth, economic development, and climate change. In multipurpose water systems, stakeholders can face higher financial risks as a consequence of the higher costs or lower revenues arising from increased hydrological variability and recurrent extreme events. In this context, financial risk hedging tools able to bundle together the uncorrelated risks of wet and dry periods faced by different stakeholders may be an improved solution to both foster cooperation and manage the financial losses associated with extreme events. In this work, we explore the potential of risk diversification strategies, involving an index insurance contract solution, to simultaneously manage financial risk in a multipurpose water system prone to both drought and flood risk. Risk diversification can allow for reduced insurance premiums in situations in which the bundled risks are uncorrelated. Using an integrated operational and financial model, we characterize the financial risk associated with the water management policies and design a risk management strategy that bundles together the uncorrelated risk of drought and flood events. The approach is demonstrated using a case study on Lake Maggiore, a subalpine transboundary regulated lake whose management is controversial due to numerous and competing human activities. In particular, we focus on the ongoing conflict among the lake shore population, affected by flood risk, and the downstream farmers' districts, facing drought related losses. Results indicate that bundling uncorrelated risks from competing users is beneficial to both promoting insurance premium affordability and facilitating collaboration schemes at the catchment scale.
Magnetotelluric Constraints on the Temperature, Composition, Partial Melt Content, and Viscosity of the Upper Mantle Beneath Svalbard
Authors: Selway Kate , Smirnov Maxim Yu , Beka Thomas , O'Donnell J. P. , Minakov Alexander , Senger Kim , Faleide Jan Inge , Kalscheuer Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLong‐period magnetotelluric (MT) data can be used to interpret upper mantle temperature, hydrogen content, and the presence of partial melt, all of which strongly influence mantle viscosity. We have collected the first long‐period MT data in Svalbard and have combined them with preexisting broadband MT data to produce a model of the electrical resistivity of Svalbard's upper mantle. Asthenospheric resistivities are low compared to stable continental settings but more comparable to young oceanic asthenosphere, suggesting that the physical state of Svalbard's upper mantle is controlled by its proximity to the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. Interpretation of the MT model using a petrologically constrained genetic algorithm approach shows that partial melt is present in the uppermost asthenosphere beneath Svalbard. This is the first direct evidence of partial melt in Svalbard's asthenosphere from deep geophysical soundings. Viscosities calculated from the geophysical data show a low viscosity layer (~1018 Pa s) coincident with the partial melt layer, underlain by a higher viscosity layer (~1020 Pa s) extending to the transition zone. Viscosities calculated from glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) data in Svalbard show a considerable range due mainly to uncertainties in past ice sheet models. Improved constraints on Svalbard's mantle viscosity from geophysical data may help to improve these GIA models.
3‐D Magnetotelluric Imaging of the Easternmost Kunlun Fault: Insights Into Strain Partitioning and the Seismotectonics of the Jiuzhaigou Ms7.0 Earthquake
Authors: Sun Xiangyu , Zhan Yan , Unsworth Martyn , Egbert Gary , Zhang Huiping , Chen Xiaobin , Zhao Guoze , Sun Jianbao , Zhao Lingqiang , Cui Tengfa , Liu Zhongyin , Han Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present a three‐dimensional electrical resistivity model of the crust and upper mantle beneath the easternmost Kunlun fault (EKLf), obtained by three‐dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric (MT) data. The crust of the Songpan‐Ganzi block is characterized by high resistivity from the surface to a depth of around 20 km, and by low resistivity in the mid‐lower crust in the depth range 20–40 km. The eastern edge of the high conductivity layer is coincident with the EKLf and the Huya fault. The electrical resistivity structure provides new insights into both (1) the generation of recent M > 6 earthquakes and (2) strain partitioning on this segment of the EKLf. Our model reveals that the Huya fault is the main branch of the EKLf in the region. Together with the EKLf, the Huya fault defines the boundary between the Songpan‐Ganzi and Bikou blocks. The mid‐lower crust of the Songpan‐Ganzi block in this region has a low resistivity that likely represents a mechanically weak layer. The 2017 Jiuzhaigou Ms7.0 earthquake and other recent M > 6 earthquakes may have been controlled by the change in viscosity in the mid‐lower crust that occurs across this boundary. The high conductivity may be acting as either (1) a channel of lower crustal flow, or (2) as a weak layer that decouples the upper and lower crust. The fact that the high conductivity layer does not extend along the north side of the Sichuan Basin questions the idea that crustal flow occurs in this area.
Analysis of Location Errors of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network Using Lightning Strikes to Towers
Authors: Zhu Yanan , Lyu Weitao , Cramer John , Rakov Vladimir , Bitzer Phillip , Ding Ziqin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe location accuracy of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) has been evaluated using as ground‐truth rocket‐triggered lightning data or video records but only at a few specific locations. In this study, by using the NLDN data for the events attributable to lightning strikes to towers, the location error of the NLDN across the entire contiguous United States was evaluated for the first time. We found that, on average, the NLDN median location error reduced from 198 to 84 m after the 2013 NLDN upgrade. The location error at the periphery of the network is significantly larger than that in its interior. In the coastal regions, there is directional location bias toward the water. Simulation results suggest that the bias is related to the lengthening of field waveform front due to electromagnetic wave propagation over lossy ground coupled with the asymmetrical sensor configuration relative to the strike point (lack of offshore sensors).
Activation of STAT3 is a key event in TLR4 signaling-mediated melanoma progression
Authors: Fu Xiu-Qiong , Liu Bin , Wang Ya-Ping , Li Jun-Kui , Zhu Pei-Li , Li Ting , Tse Kai-Wing , Chou Ji-Yao , Yin Cheng-Le , Bai Jing-Xuan , Liu Yu-Xi , Chen Ying-Jie , Yu Zhi-Ling 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMalignant melanoma is aggressive and has a high mortality rate. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been linked to melanoma growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. However, signal transduction mediated by TLR4 for driving melanoma progression is not fully understood. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been identified as a major oncogene in melanoma progression. We found: that TLR4 expression positively correlates with activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 in human melanoma samples; that TLR4 ligands activate STAT3 through MYD88 and TRIF in melanoma cells; and that intratumoral activation of TLR4 increases STAT3 activation in the tumor and promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in mice. Further, we found that the effects mediated by activating TLR4 are weakened by suppressing STAT3 function with a dominant negative STAT3 variant in melanoma. Collectively, our work identifies STAT3 activation as a key event in TLR4 signaling-mediated melanoma progression, shedding new light on the pathophysiology of melanoma.