bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number of functional teeth more strongly predicts all‐cause mortality than number of present teeth in Japanese older adults
Authors: Maekawa Kenji , Ikeuchi Tomoko , Shinkai Shoji , Hirano Hirohiko , Ryu Masahiro , Tamaki Katsushi , Yatani Hirofumi , Kuboki Takuo ,   Kusatsu ISLE Study Working Group Collaborators, Kimura‐Ono Aya , Kikutani Takeshi , Suganuma Takashi , Ayukawa Yasunori , Gonda Tomoya , Ogawa Toru , Fujisawa Masanori , Ishigaki Shoichi , Watanabe Yutaka , Kitamura Akihiko , Taniguchi Yu , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Edahiro Ayako , Ohara Yuki , Furuya Junichi , Nakajima Junko , Umeki Kento , Igarashi Kentaro , Horibe Yasuhiro , Kugimiya Yoshihiro , Kawai Yasuhiko , Matsumura Hideo , Ichikawa Tetsuo , Ohkawa Shuji 
Published: March 2020

AimPrevious studies on the association between intraoral conditions and mortality in community‐dwelling older individuals reported that fewer present teeth (PT) are significant risk factors for mortality. However, how the number of PT relative to the number of functional teeth (FT), including both present and rehabilitated teeth, influences mortality has not been investigated fully. This study examined the impact of the number of FT on mortality among community‐dwelling Japanese older adults.MethodsThis study was a retrospective, observational and population‐based follow‐up study, which examined 1188 older individuals who participated in an annual geriatric health examination from 2009 to 2015. The average follow‐up period was 1697.0 ± 774.5 days. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality at follow‐up. The numbers of PT and FT of each participant were counted during an oral examination. In addition, demographics, clinical variables, blood nutrient markers, physical functions and perceived masticatory function were measured.ResultsKaplan–Meier analysis, followed by a log‐rank test, revealed that fewer PT (P < 0.001) and FT (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with a reduced survival rate. Cox's proportional hazard analysis indicated that the number of FT, but not the number of PT, was a significant independent mortality risk factor after adjusting for demographics, clinical variables, nutrient markers and physical functioning (P = 0.036, hazard ratio: 2.089).ConclusionsCurrent results suggest that the number of FT more strongly predicts all‐cause mortality than the number of PT among community‐dwelling older adults. Further studies are necessary to consider the confounding of socioeconomic status and disability status. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
Recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein for the treatment of severe haemophilia A: Final results from the ASPIRE extension study
Authors: Nolan Beatrice , Mahlangu Johnny , Pabinger Ingrid , Young Guy , Konkle Barbara A. , Barnes Chris , Nogami Keiji , Santagostino Elena , Pasi K. John , Khoo Liane , Winding Bent , Yuan Huixing , Fruebis Joachim , Rudin Dan , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe efficacy and safety of recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) as an extended half‐life treatment for severe haemophilia A were demonstrated in the Phase 3 A‐LONG and Kids A‐LONG studies. Eligible subjects who completed A‐LONG and Kids A‐LONG could enrol in ASPIRE (NCT01454739), an open‐label extension study.AimTo report the long‐term safety and efficacy of rFVIIIFc in subjects with severe haemophilia A who enrolled in ASPIRE.MethodsPreviously treated subjects received one or more of the following regimens: individualized prophylaxis (IP), weekly prophylaxis, modified prophylaxis or episodic treatment. Subjects could switch treatment regimen at any time. The primary endpoint was inhibitor development.ResultsA total of 150 subjects from A‐LONG and 61 subjects from Kids A‐LONG enrolled in ASPIRE. Most subjects received the IP regimen (A‐LONG: n = 110; Kids A‐LONG: n = 59). Median (range) treatment duration in ASPIRE for subjects from A‐LONG and Kids A‐LONG was 3.9 (0.1‐5.3) years and 3.2 (0.3‐3.9) years, respectively. No inhibitors were observed (0 per 1000 subject‐years; 95% confidence interval, 0‐5.2) and the overall rFVIIIFc safety profile was consistent with prior studies. For subjects on the IP regimen, annualized bleed rates (ABR) remained low (median overall ABR for adults and adolescents was <1.0) and extended‐dosing intervals were maintained (median of 3.5 days) for the majority of subjects in ASPIRE.ConclusionASPIRE results, which include up to 5 years of follow‐up data, confirm earlier reports on the consistent and well‐characterized safety and efficacy of rFVIIIFc treatment for severe haemophilia A.
Experimental models and methods for cutaneous wound healing assessment
Authors: Masson‐Meyers Daniela S. , Andrade Thiago A. M. , Caetano Guilherme F. , Guimaraes Francielle R. , Leite Marcel N. , Leite Saulo N. , Frade Marco Andrey C. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryWound healing studies are intricate, mainly because of the multifaceted nature of the wound environment and the complexity of the healing process, which integrates a variety of cells and repair phases, including inflammation, proliferation, reepithelialization and remodelling. There are a variety of possible preclinical models, such as in mice, rabbits and pigs, which can be used to mimic acute or impaired for example, diabetic and nutrition‐related wounds. These can be induced by many different techniques, with excision or incision being the most common. After determining a suitable model for a study, investigators need to select appropriate and reproducible methods that will allow the monitoring of the wound progression over time. The assessment can be performed by non‐invasive protocols such as wound tracing, photographic documentation (including image analysis), biophysical techniques and/or by invasive protocols that will require wound biopsies. In this article, we provide an overview of some of the most often needed and used: (a) preclinical/animal models including incisional, excisional, burn and impaired wounds; (b) methods to evaluate the healing progression such as wound healing rate, wound analysis by image, biophysical assessment, histopathological, immunological and biochemical assays. The aim is to help researchers during the design and execution of their wound healing studies.
Shannon's Entropy and Its Generalisations Towards Statistical Inference in Last Seven Decades
Authors: Nanda Asok K. , Chowdhury Shovan 
Published: March 2020

SummaryStarting from the pioneering works of Shannon and Weiner in 1948, a plethora of works have been reported on entropy in different directions. Entropy‐related review work in the direction of statistical inference, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported so far. Here, we have tried to collect all possible works in this direction during the last seven decades so that people interested in entropy, specially the new researchers, get benefited.
Cryopreserved human skin allografts promote angiogenesis and dermal regeneration in a murine model
Authors: Henn Dominic , Chen Kellen , Maan Zeshaan N. , Greco Autumn H. , Moortgat Illouz Sylvia E. , Bonham Clark A. , Barrera Janos A. , Trotsyuk Artem A. , Padmanabhan Jagannath , Momeni Arash , Wan Derrick C. , Nguyen Dung , Januszyk Michael , Gurtner Geoffrey C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCryopreserved human skin allografts (CHSAs) are used for the coverage of major burns when donor sites for autografts are insufficiently available and have clinically shown beneficial effects on chronic non‐healing wounds. However, the biologic mechanisms behind the regenerative properties of CHSA remain elusive. Furthermore, the impact of cryopreservation on the immunogenicity of CHSA has not been thoroughly investigated and raised concerns with regard to their clinical application. To investigate the importance and fate of living cells, we compared cryopreserved CHSA with human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) grafts in which living cells had been removed by chemical processing. Both grafts were subcutaneously implanted into C57BL/6 mice and explanted after 1, 3, 7, and 28 days (n = 5 per group). A sham surgery where no graft was implanted served as a control. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and flow cytometry were used to characterise the ultrastructure and cells within CHSA before implantation. Immunofluorescent staining of tissue sections was used to determine the immune reaction against the implanted grafts, the rate of apoptotic cells, and vascularisation as well as collagen content of the overlaying murine dermis. Digital quantification of collagen fibre alignment on tissue sections was used to quantify the degree of fibrosis within the murine dermis. A substantial population of live human cells with intact organelles was identified in CHSA prior to implantation. Subcutaneous pockets with implanted xenografts or ADMs healed without clinically apparent rejection and with a similar cellular immune response. CHSA implantation largely preserved the cellularity of the overlying murine dermis, whereas ADM was associated with a significantly higher rate of cellular apoptosis, identified by cleaved caspase‐3 staining, and a stronger dendritic cell infiltration of the murine dermis. CHSA was found to induce a local angiogenic response, leading to significantly more vascularisation of the murine dermis compared with ADM and sham surgery on day 7. By day 28, aggregate collagen‐1 content within the murine dermis was greater following CHSA implantation compared with ADM. Collagen fibre alignment of the murine dermis, correlating with the degree of fibrosis, was significantly greater in the ADM group, whereas CHSA maintained the characteristic basket weave pattern of the native murine dermis. Our data indicate that CHSAs promote angiogenesis and collagen‐1 production without eliciting a significant fibrotic response in a xenograft model. These findings may provide insight into the beneficial effects clinically observed after treatment of chronic wounds and burns with CHSA.
Habitats and fish communities at mesophotic depths in the Mexican Pacific
Authors: Hollarsmith Jordan A. , Ramírez‐Ortiz Georgina , Winquist Tallulah , Velasco‐Lozano Manuel , DuBois Katherine , Reyes‐Bonilla Héctor , Neumann Kyle C. , Grosholz Edwin D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimMesophotic ecosystems, found at the limit of light penetration in the ocean, are rich in biodiversity and harbour unique ecological communities. However, they remain among the least studied habitat zones on earth due to the high costs and technological limitations. Here, we characterize mesophotic communities in two marine reserves across a range of habitat types, depths and temperatures using submersible technologies, with the goal of understanding the processes that structure these communities across biogeographical regions.LocationThe Bay of La Paz and the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico.TaxaFish and algal species.MethodsWe used a small and inexpensive remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to conduct roving‐swim surveys of major habitat types in depths from 12 to 94 m. With the resulting binary data on the presence of fish species, we used generalized linear mixed models and canonical correspondence analysis to determine whether biogenic habitat, depth and/or temperature best explained species richness and community structure across reef and non‐reef substrate.ResultsWe identified 72 species or genera, including new depth records for nine fish species and a new geographical record for one fish species. Our surveys included large undocumented rhodolith beds (free‐living coralline algae) and mesophotic algal communities, in addition to diverse communities of soft corals and sponges. Fish species richness was positively associated with rocky substrate and warmer water, and reef fish communities differed significantly by depth, temperature and biogenic habitat.Main conclusionOur results highlight the importance of biogenic habitat in structuring communities across gradients of depth and temperature. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of a small and economical ROV for conducting mesophotic surveys in remote regions. Our methods and results provide a framework that can be used to greatly increase the biogeographical and taxonomic scope of mesophotic research, especially for readily identifiable taxa such as fish.
Linking learner factors, teaching context, and engagement patterns withMOOClearning outcomes
Authors: Deng Ruiqi , Benckendorff Pierre , Gannaway Deanne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrior studies of MOOC learners have focused almost exclusively on behavioural and social aspects of engagement. This paper extends the scope of previous studies by adopting a multi‐dimensional, person‐centred approach to investigate learner engagement in MOOCs. An analysis of 1,452 self‐administered survey responses uncovered three prototypical categories of MOOC learners based on patterns of behavioural, cognitive, emotional and social engagement: (a) “Individually Engaged” learners, (b) “Least Engaged” learners and (c) “Wholly Engaged” learners. The study revealed significant differences among the three cohorts of MOOC participants with respect to learner factors (gender, origin, motivation), teaching context (course level, course duration, form of the assessment) and learning outcomes (course completion, perceived quality of instruction). The results of this study suggest that adopting a multi‐dimensional, person‐centred approach can be useful for researchers and practitioners to classify MOOC learners into subpopulations, design effective educational interventions that best engage different types of learners, and provide support and scaffolding to individuals with idiosyncratic or problematic engagement patterns.
Personalized application of three different concentrations of iodinated contrast media in coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: Zhang Meng , Hao Panpan , Jiang Chenyu , Hao Guoxiang , Li Bin , Hu Peixin , Chen Qingjie , Chen Yuguo , Zhang Aifeng , Zhang Yun , Liu Yanping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNo study has evaluated the impact of different iodinated contrast media on coronary contrast enhancement, using an injection protocol according to body surface area (BSA). Thus, the present study aimed to examine the usefulness and safety of personalized application of different iodine concentrations of contrast media in coronary computed tomographic (CT) angiography with a 2nd dual‐source CT scanner in eliminating differences in coronary contrast enhancement based on a BSA‐adapted injection protocol of contrast media. A total of 270 enrolled participants were randomly assigned to three groups: ioversol 320, ioversol 350 and iopromide 370 (n = 90 per group). The three groups were administered contrast media at a BSA‐adjusted volume and flow rate with a fixed injection time of 15 seconds, and they subsequently received a 30‐mL saline flush. All patients were scanned with a prospective electrocardiogram‐gated protocol in a craniocaudal direction using a second‐generation 128‐slice dual‐source CT system. The three iodinated contrast media used in coronary CT angiography exhibited similar diagnostic quality and safety. No significant differences were found in the contrast enhancement degrees, image quality scores, radiation doses and incidences of adverse effects among the three groups. The three contrast media used in coronary CT angiography with 320, 350 and 370 mg/mL iodine, respectively, have comparable diagnostic quality and safety. However, more large‐scale, multinational, multi‐centre and prospective trials are warranted.
Chemokine receptor 5 blockade modulates macrophage trafficking in renal ischaemic‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Yoo Kyung Don , Cha Ran‐hui , Lee Sunhwa , Kim Ji Eun , Kim Kyu Hong , Lee Jong Soo , Kim Dong Ki , Kim Yon Su , Yang Seung Hee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a pivotal regulator of macrophage trafficking in the kidneys in response to an inflammatory cascade. We investigated the role of CCR5 in experimental ischaemic‐reperfusion injury (IRI) pathogenesis. To establish IRI, we clamped the bilateral renal artery pedicle for 30 min and then reperfused the kidney. We performed adoptive transfer of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐treated RAW 264.7 macrophages following macrophage depletion in mice. B6.CCR5−/− mice showed less severe IRI based on tubular epithelial cell apoptosis than did wild‐type mice. CXCR3 expression in CD11b+ cells and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels were more attenuated in B6.CCR5−/− mice. B6.CCR5−/− mice showed increased arginase‐1 and CD206 expression. Macrophage‐depleted wild‐type mice showed more injury than B6.CCR5−/− mice after M1 macrophage transfer. Adoptive transfer of LPS‐treated RAW 264.7 macrophages reversed the protection against IRI in wild‐type, but not B6.CCR5−/− mice. Upon knocking out CCR5 in macrophages, migration of bone marrow‐derived macrophages from wild‐type mice towards primary tubular epithelial cells with recombinant CCR5 increased. Phospho‐CCR5 expression in renal tissues of patients with acute tubular necrosis was increased, showing a positive correlation with tubular inflammation. In conclusion, CCR5 deficiency favours M2 macrophage activation, and blocking CCR5 might aid in treating acute kidney injury.
Alcohol‐induced impaired insulin secretion in a Japanese population: 5‐year follow up in the Gifu Diabetes Study
Authors: Ueda Natsumi , Yamamoto Mayumi , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Motooka Yumi , Nakayama Yoko , Nonoyama Yukiko , Oba Shino , Horikawa Yukio , Nagata Chisato , Yabe Daisuke ,   Gifu Diabetes Study Group
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionAlthough moderate alcohol consumption lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes in European populations, the same cannot be assumed for Japanese patients with diabetes related to low insulin secretion rather than resistance. We aimed to evaluate the effects of daily alcohol consumption on glucose tolerance and diabetes development risk in Japanese populations.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study randomly enrolled 452 men and 659 women aged 40–78 years in 2005 (Gifu, Japan). The participants completed a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test and medical questionnaire. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function and insulinogenic index were used to estimate insulin sensitivity and secretion. The relationships between alcohol consumption and these parameters were analyzed using logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders. The 5‐year changes in hemoglobin A1c levels were also evaluated.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratios for elevated homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function values (<40%) in the 0–19.9 g/day, 20.0–39.9 g/day and ≥ 40 g/day alcohol consumption groups were 0.98, 1.46 and 2.68, respectively. Alcohol consumption induced a significant decrease in the insulin secretion level among the ≥40 g/day drinkers, especially in men. However, there was no risk of increased insulin resistance based on the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (<2.5) results. The 5‐year risk of elevated hemoglobin A1c levels (≥6.5%) was increased according to increase in alcohol consumption in both men and women.ConclusionsDaily alcohol consumption was associated with reduced insulin secretion and an increased diabetes development risk in Japanese populations.
A Novel Intervention to Identify and Report Suspected Abuse in Older, Primary Care Patients
Authors: Ejaz Farida K. , Rose Miriam , Reynolds Courtney , Bingle Catherine , Billa Deborah , Kirsch Raymond 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUNDPrevious research has identified several barriers faced by clinicians in detecting and reporting elder abuse, such as lack of knowledge about the process to report suspected cases of abuse and lack of access to experts to consult with. A novel intervention was designed and tested that embedded two Adult Protective Services (APS) specialists in a healthcare system operating primary care clinics serving a large Medicare population.OBJECTIVESTo examine the types of roles the APS specialists played in the healthcare system and the number and types of cases of suspected abuse among older patients that clinicians consulted them about and reported to APS.DESIGNCross‐sectional, exploratory study.SETTINGPrimary care clinics in five regions of Texas.PARTICIPANTSOlder patients of primary care clinics.INTERVENTIONAPS specialists and project staff trained clinicians on how to identify and report abuse, neglect, and exploitation among older patients. The specialists were also available in person or by telephone and email to consult with clinicians about patients suspected of being abused by others or being self‐neglecting.MEASUREMENTSData were obtained by conducting semistructured telephone interviews with APS specialists; and from APS specialistsʼ written documentation/notes of consultations with clinicians regarding suspicion of abuse among patients and whether a report to APS was warranted.RESULTSThe APS specialists trained clinicians on abuse, consulted with clinicians, and served as a liaison between the healthcare system and APS. During the project, clinicians reported 529 older patients to APS, and 386 patients received one or more services documented by APS at case closure. These cases involved 902 allegations of various types of abuse, of which the most common was self‐neglect (617 or 68%).CONCLUSIONEmbedding APS specialists in a large healthcare system led to cliniciansʼ increased awareness of the importance of identifying and reporting elder abuse, particularly self‐neglect. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1748‐1754, 2020.