bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia: Developmental Variability Interacts with Risk Factors to Cause the Disorder
Authors: Szoke Andrei , Pignon Baptiste , Boster Sarah , Jamain Stéphane , Schürhoff Franck 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new etiological model is proposed for schizophrenia that combines variability‐enhancing nonspecific factors acting during development with more specific risk factors. This model is better suited than the current etiological models of schizophrenia, based on the risk factors paradigm, for predicting and/or explaining several important findings about schizophrenia: high co‐morbidity rates, low specificity of many risk factors, and persistence in the population of the associated genetic polymorphisms. Compared with similar models, e.g., de‐canalization, common psychopathology factor, sexual‐selection, or differential sensitivity to the environment, this proposal is more general and integrative. Recently developed research methods have proven the existence of genetic and environmental factors that enhance developmental variability. Applying such methods to newly collected or already available data can allow for testing the hypotheses upon which this model is built. If validated, this model may change the understanding of the etiology of schizophrenia, the research models, and preventionbrk paradigms.
Generalized estimating equations approach for spatial lattice data: A case study in adoption of improved maize varieties in Mozambique
Authors: Manuel Lourenço , Scalon João D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGeneralized estimating equations (GEE) are extension of generalized linear models (GLM) widely applied in longitudinal data analysis. GEE are also applied in spatial data analysis using geostatistics methods. In this paper, we advocate application of GEE for spatial lattice data by modeling the spatial working correlation matrix using the Moran's index and the spatial weight matrix. We present theoretical developments and results for simulated and actual data as well. For the former case, 1,000 samples of a random variable (response variable) defined in (0, 1) interval were generated using different values of the Moran's index. In addition, 1,000 samples of a binary and a continuous variable were also randomly generated as covariates. In each sample, three structures of spatial working correlation matrices were used while modeling: The independent, autoregressive, and the Toeplitz structure. Two measures were used to evaluate the performance of each of the spatial working correlation structures: the asymptotic relative efficiency and the working correlation selection criterions. The results showed that both measures indicated that the autoregressive spatial working correlation matrix proposed in this paper presents the best performance in general. For the actual data case, the proportion of small farmers who used improved maize varieties was considered as the response variable and a set of nine variables were used as covariates. Two structures of spatial working correlation matrices were used and the results showed consistence with those obtained in the simulation study.
An authentic inquiry‐based laboratory module for introducing concepts about volatile‐mediated communication resulted in stronger students' self‐efficacy
Authors: Chiang Chih‐Yun , Huang Hsin‐Wei , Chen Shao‐Yen , Chen Yun‐An , Chang Yuan‐Mou , Huang Hao‐Jen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVolatile‐mediated impacts of microbes on plants have aroused interest among scientists in the life science field. This study describes an inquiry‐based laboratory module named “Microbial Talk”, which related to microbial volatile‐mediated communication, including the process of design, implementation, and assessment. First‐year biology students in this course were allowed to complete authentic microbiology research using both typical experimental techniques and knowledge related to interspecies communication. The instructor provides continued guidance and support to ensure that students are aware of their knowledge and of the choices they encountered. Pretests and posttests were implemented to evaluate the efficacy of the “Microbial Talk” and the students' experimental design ability. Assessment of the module showed that students gained self‐efficacy in executing experiments and interpreting data. In conclusion, this module is cost‐effective and it can be used to help guide students in their future when they encounter situations that need these scientific skills.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of 15 ingredients of Polygonum chinense Linn extract in rats by UHPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Chen Xiaoqing , Wei Liuting , Pu Xiaoping , Wang Yilin , Xu Yuanjin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA rapid and sensitive ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of 15 bioactive ingredients in rat plasma and tissues after oral administration of Polygonum chinense Linn extract (PCE). After addition of internal standards (ISs; rutin and danshensu), plasma and tissue samples were pre‐treated by protein precipitation with acetonitrile–ethanol. The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 column with gradient elution using a mobile phase composed of methanol and water (containing 0.2% acetic acid) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min−1. Mass spectrometric detection was carried out using a mass spectrometer in both positive and negative ion electrospray ionization modes by multiple reaction monitoring. The method provided excellent linearity, and the lower limit of quantification range 0.5–30 ng mL−1 for all analytes. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision were less than 9.12% and the accuracy ranged from −4.02% to 6.32%, respectively. The mean extraction recovery and matrix effect of analytes and ISs ranged from 83.65% to 109.20%. The method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of 15 ingredients of PCE in rats.
Effects of mood episodes and comorbid anxiety on neuropsychological impairment in patients with bipolar spectrum disorder
Authors: Huang Chih‐Chun , Chang Yun‐Hsuan , Wang Tzu‐Yun , Lee Sheng‐Yu , Chen Shiou‐Lan , Chen Po See , Lane Hsien‐Yuan , Yang Yen Kuang , Lu Ru‐Band 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesCases of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) having neuropsychological impairment have been reported, although inconsistently. The possibility of comorbidity with anxiety disorder (AD) has been suggested. The association between mood episodes and AD comorbidity on neuropsychological performance is unclear and thus was investigated in the current study.MethodsAll participants were informed about and agreed to participate in this study. Patients with BD were recruited from outpatient and inpatient settings, and healthy controls (HCs) were recruited as a comparison group. Six hundred and twenty‐eight participants (175 HCs and 453 BD—56 BDI and 397 BDII) were studied based on their current mood episode, namely, depressive (BDd), manic/hypomanic (BDm), mixed (BDmix), and euthymic (BDeu), compared with/without AD comorbidity (164 with AD).ResultsCompared to HCs, all BD groups had significantly more impaired neuropsychological profiles, but the BDeu group was found to have less impairment in memory and executive function than the episodic BD groups. The percentage of AD comorbidity in BDd, BDm, BDmix, and BDeu was 33.9%, 40.3%, 33.0%, and 35.6%, respectively (χ2 = 1.61, p > .05). The results show that AD plays a different role in neuropsychological impairment across various mood episodes in BD.ConclusionMemory impairment and executive dysfunction may be state‐like cognitive phenotypes and are affected by AD comorbidity during mixed and depressive episodes in BD, while sustained attention deficiencies are more like trait markers, regardless of mood episodes, and persist beyond the course of the illness. The AD comorbidity effect on attentional deficit is greater when suffering from a manic episode.
Non‐invasive procedural planning using computed tomography‐derived fractional flow reserve
Authors: Bom Michiel J. , Schumacher Stefan P. , Driessen Roel S. , van Diemen Pepijn A. , Everaars Henk , de Winter Ruben W. , van de Ven Peter M. , van Rossum Albert C. , Sprengers Ralf W. , Verouden Niels J.W. , Nap Alexander , Opolski Maksymilian P. , Leipsic Jonathon A. , Danad Ibrahim , Taylor Charles A. , Knaapen Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the performance of computed tomography derived fractional flow reserve based interactive planner (FFRCT planner) to predict the physiological benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as defined by invasive post‐PCI FFR.BackgroundAdvances in FFRCT technology have enabled the simulation of hyperemic pressure changes after virtual removal of stenoses.MethodsIn 56 patients (63 vessels) invasive FFR measurements before and after PCI were obtained and FFRCT was calculated using pre‐PCI coronary CT angiography. Subsequently, FFRCT and invasive coronary angiography models were aligned allowing virtual removal of coronary stenoses on pre‐PCI FFRCT models in the same locations as PCI was performed. Relationships between invasive FFR and FFRCT, between post‐PCI FFR and FFRCT planner, and between delta FFR and delta FFRCT were evaluated.ResultsPre PCI, invasive FFR was 0.65 ± 0.12 and FFRCT was 0.64 ± 0.13 (p = .34) with a mean difference of 0.015 (95% CI: −0.23–0.26). Post‐PCI invasive FFR was 0.89 ± 0.07 and FFRCT planner was 0.85 ± 0.07 (p < .001) with a mean difference of 0.040 (95% CI: −0.10–0.18). Delta invasive FFR and delta FFRCT were 0.23 ± 0.12 and 0.21 ± 0.12 (p = .09) with a mean difference of 0.025 (95% CI: −0.20–0.25). Significant correlations were found between pre‐PCI FFR and FFRCT (r = 0.53, p < .001), between post‐PCI FFR and FFRCT planner (r = 0.41, p = .001), and between delta FFR and delta FFRCT (r = 0.57, p < .001).ConclusionsThe non‐invasive FFRCT planner tool demonstrated significant albeit modest agreement with post‐PCI FFR and change in FFR values after PCI. The FFRCT planner tool may hold promise for PCI procedural planning; however, improvement in technology is warranted before clinical application.
An algorithmic approach to balloon‐uncrossable coronary lesions
Authors: Elrayes Mahmoud M. , Xenogiannis Iosif , Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Vemmou Evangelia , Wollmuth Jason , Abi Rafeh Nidal , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Gasparini Gabriele L. , Burke Martin Nicholas , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBalloon uncrossable coronary lesions are lesions that cannot be crossed with a balloon after successful guidewire crossing. The strategies used to facilitate the treatment of such lesions can be classified into strategies that provide lesion modification and strategies that increase support. We describe a systematic, algorithmic approach to treat balloon uncrossable lesions, starting with use of small balloons, followed by increase in guide catheter support, use of microcatheters, wire cutting or puncture techniques, laser, atherectomy, and subintimal modification techniques. Sequential and simultaneous application of the aforementioned techniques can result in successful treatment of these challenging lesions.
Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of patient prosthesis mismatch in women undergoing TAVI for severe aortic stenosis: Insights from the WIN‐TAVI registry
Authors: Panoulas Vasileios F. , Chandrasekhar Jaya , Busi Gherardo , Ruparelia Neil , Zhang Zhongjie , Mehilli Julinda , Sartori Samantha , Lefèvre Thierre , Presbitero Patrizia , Capranzano Piera , Tchetche Didier , Iadanza Alessandro , Sardella Gennaro , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Meliga Emanuele , Dumonteil Nicolas , Fraccaro Chiara , Trabattoni Daniela , Sharma Samin , Ferrer‐Gracia Maria‐Cruz , Naber Christoph K. , Kievit Peter C. , Snyder Clayton , Sutaria Nilesh , Sen Sayan , Malik Iqbal S. , Morice Marie‐Claude , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Petronio Anna Sonia , Mehran Roxana , Chieffo Alaide , Mikhail Ghada W. ,   WIN‐TAVI Investigators
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence, predictors and outcomes of female patients with patient‐prosthesis mismatch (PPM) following transcatheter aortic valve intervention (TAVI) for severe aortic stenosis (AS).BackgroundFemale AS TAVI recipients have a significantly lower mortality than surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) recipients, which could be attributed to the potentially lower PPM rates. TAVI has been associated with lower rates of PPM compared to SAVR. PPM in females post TAVI has not been investigated to date.MethodsThe WIN‐TAVI (Women's INternational Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) registry is a multicenter registry of women undergoing TAVR for severe symptomatic AS. Two hundred and fifty patients with detailed periprocedural and follow‐up echocardiographic investigations were included in the WIN‐TAVI echocardiographic sub‐study. PPM was defined as per European guidelines stratified by the presence of obesity.ResultsThe incidence of PPM in our population was 32.8%. Patients with PPM had significantly higher BMI (27.4 ± 6.1 vs. 25.2 ± 5.0, p = .002), smaller sized valves implanted (percentage of TAVI ≤23 mm 61% vs. 29.2%, PPM vs. no PPM, p < .001) and were more often treated with balloon expandable valves (48.3 vs. 32.5%, p < .001) rather than self expanding ones (26.3 vs. 52.8%, <.001). BMI (OR = 1.08; 95%CI 1.02–1.14, p = .011) and valve size ≤23 mm (OR = 3.00 95%CI 1.14–7.94, p = .027) were the only independent predictors of PPM. There was no significant interaction between valve size and valve type (p = .203). No significant differences were observed in 1‐year mortality or major adverse cardiovascular events.ConclusionsPPM in females undergoing TAVI occurs in one third of patients. BMI and valve size ≤23 mm are independent predictors. Larger registries are required to determine the impact of PPM on future clinical outcomes.
Adverse clinical outcomes in patients undergoing both PCI and TAVR: Analysis from a pooled multi‐center registry
Authors: Kumar Arnav , Sammour Yasser , Reginauld Shawn , Sato Kimi , Agrawal Nikhil , Lee Joo Myung , Meenakshisundaram Chandramohan , Ramanan Thammi , Kamioka Norihiko , Sawant Abhishek C. , Mohananey Divyanshu , Gleason Patrick T , Devireddy Chandan , Krishnaswamy Amar , Mavromatis Kreton , Grubb Kendra , Svensson Lars G. , Tuzcu E. Murat , Block Peter C , Iyer Vijay , Babaliaros Vasilis , Kapadia Samir , Samady Habib 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of data regarding the optimum timing of PCI in relation to TAVR.ObjectiveWe compared the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) rates among patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with those who received PCI with/after TAVR.MethodsIn this multicenter study, we pooled all consecutive patients who underwent TAVR at three high volume centers.ResultsAmong 3,982 patients who underwent TAVR, 327 (8%) patients underwent PCI within 1 year before TAVR, 38 (1%) had PCI the same day as TAVR and 15 (0.5%) had PCI within 2 months after TAVR. Overall, among patients who received both PCI and TAVR (n = 380), history of previous CABG (HR:0.501; p = .001), higher BMI at TAVR (HR:0.970; p = .038), and statin therapy after TAVR (HR:0.660, p = .037) were independently associated with lower MACCE while warfarin therapy after TAVR was associated with a higher risk of MACCE (HR:1.779, p = .017). Patients who received PCI within 1 year before TAVR had similar baseline demographics, STS scores, clinical risk factors when compared to patients receiving PCI with/after TAVR. Both groups were similar in PCI (Syntax Score, ACC/AHA lesion class) and TAVR (valve types, access) related variables. There were no significant differences in terms of MACCE (log rank p = .550), all‐cause mortality (log rank p = .433), strokes (log rank p = .153), and repeat PCI (log rank p = .054) in patients who underwent PCI with/after TAVR when compared to patients who received PCI before TAVR.ConclusionAmong patients who underwent both PCI and TAVR, history of CABG, higher BMI, and statin therapy had lower, while those discharged on warfarin, had higher adverse event rates. Adverse events rates were similar regardless of timing of PCI.
Intentional removal of erroneously deployed coronary stents: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Ragosta Michael , Boehm Ryan , Shields Mary , Taylor Angela M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost reports of stent retrieval involve undeployed, embolized stents. While the retrieval of fully deployed stents has been sporadically reported, most of these were not intentional. The feasibility and safety of intentional retrieval of fully deployed, but erroneously placed stents have not been well described. We report four cases of successful, intentional stent retrieval for stents placed erroneously in an aorto‐ostial position. The stents were retrieved at varying times after deployment, ranging from immediately to up to 5 years. In all cases, stents were retrieved successfully with no complication. We conclude that the intentional retrieval of fully deployed, but erroneously placed stents is feasible and safe when stenting involved an aorto‐ostial location.
Highly Packed Monodisperse Porous Carbon Microspheres for Energy Storage in Supercapacitors and Li−S Batteries
Authors: Díez Noel , Sevilla Marta , Fuertes Antonio B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPorous carbon microspheres and S/microspherical carbon composites with a highly packed hexagonal arrangement have been synthesized by chemical activation of precarbonized resorcinol‐formaldehyde spheres. Sodium thiosulphate is used as a harmless activating agent, S dopant and sulfur precursor. The porous microspheres exhibit large surface areas (2060–2340 m2 g−1) and adequate micro‐mesoporosity. They also have a notable amount of sulfur heteroatoms (5–7 %) and high electronic conductivity (2.3–3.1 S cm−1). The compact organization and suitable porosity of the microspheres allow competitive values of volumetric capacitance to be achieved when used in supercapacitors operating in aqueous and organic electrolytes (130 and 64 F cm−3, respectively), while maintaining good rate capability. In addition, the sulfur/spherical carbon composites with a sulfur content above 80 % are tested as cathode material in lithium‐sulfur batteries, demonstrating high sulfur utilization, large values of volumetric capacity (768 mAh cm−3) and stable long‐term cyclability (0.086 % capacity loss per cycle).
Tunable Synthesis of Hierarchical Yolk/Double‐Shelled SiOx@TiO2@C Nanospheres for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gong Qinghua , Wang Haiqing , Song Wenhua , Sun Bin , Cao Pei , Gu Shaonan , Sun Xuefeng , Zhou Guowei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work reports the preparation of unique hierarchical yolk/double‐shelled SiOx@TiO2@C nanospheres with different voids by a facile sol‐gel method combined with carbon coating. In the preparation process, SiOx nanosphere is used as a hard template. Etch time of SiOx yolk affects the morphology and electrochemical performance of SiOx@TiO2@C. With the increase in etch time, the yolk/double‐shelled SiOx@TiO2@C with 15 and 30 nm voids and the TiO2@C hollow nanospheres are obtained. The yolk/double‐shelled SiOx@TiO2@C nanospheres exhibit remarkable lithium‐ion battery performance as anodes, including high lithium storage capacity, outstanding rate capability, good reversibility, and stable long‐term cycle life. The unique structure can accommodate the large volume change of the SiOx yolk, provide a unique buffering space for the discharge/charge processes, improve the structural stability of the electrode material during repeated Li+ intercalation/deintercalation processes, and enhance the cycling stability. The SiOx@TiO2@C with 30 nm void space exhibits a high discharge specific capacity of ≈1195.4 mA h g−1 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1 after 300 cycles and ≈701.1 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 for over 800 cycles. These results suggest that the proposed particle architecture is promising and may have potential applications in improving various high performance anode materials.
A Peptide Stapling Strategy with Built‐In Fluorescence by Direct Late‐Stage C(sp2)−H Olefination of Tryptophan
Authors: Liu Jiang , Liu Xin , Zhang Fangfang , Qu Jiaojiao , Sun Hongyan , Zhu Qing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFluorescent stapled peptides are important chemical tools for detecting intracellular distribution, protein–protein interactions, and localization of target proteins. These peptides are usually labeled with bulky sized fluorophores through reactive functional groups, which may alter the physical properties and biological activities of peptides. Herein, a unique strategy is developed for synthesizing new stapled peptides with built‐in fluorescence. The stapled peptides were prepared through Rh‐catalyzed C(sp2)−H olefination in tryptophan (Trp) residues by using pyridine/pyrimidine as the directing groups under mild conditions. This method displays good regioselectivity and high efficiency. Furthermore, as a proof of concept for its biological applications, stapled peptides without additional fluorophore 9 a and 9 b were constructed for a cell imaging study. These peptides displayed strong binding affinity toward integrin αvβ3 in A549 cells by cell imaging experiments. Notably they demonstrated even better anticancer activity than commercial antagonist cyclic (RGDfK). The method will provide robust tools for the peptide macrocyclization field.
Outcome of catheter ablation in the very elderly‐insights from a large matched analysis
Authors: Willy Kevin , Frommeyer Gerrit , Dechering Dirk G. , Wasmer Kristina , Höwel Dennis , Welle Sarah S. , Bögeholz Nils , Ellermann Christian , Wolfes Julian , Rath Benjamin , Leitz Patrick R. , Köbe Julia , Lange Philipp S. , Müller Patrick , Reinke Florian , Eckardt Lars 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAblation emerged as first line therapy in the treatment of various arrhythmias. Nevertheless, in older patients (pts), decision is often made pro drug treatment as more complications and less benefit are suspected.HypothesisWe hypothesized that different kind of ablations can be performed safely regardless of the pts age.MethodsWe enrolled all pts aged >80 years (yrs) who underwent ablation for three different arrhythmias (atrial flutter [AFL], atrioventricular nodal re‐entry tachycardia [AVNRT], ventricular tachycardia [VT]) between August 2002 and December 2018. Procedural data and outcome were compared with matched groups aged 60 to 80 years and 40 to 60 years, respectively. Periprocedural and in‐hospital complications were analyzed.ResultsThe analysis included 1191 patients (397 pts per group: 63% AFL, 23% AVNRT, 14% VT) who underwent ablation. Acute success was high in all types of arrhythmias irrespective of age (>80, 60‐80, 40‐60 years: AFL 97%/98%/98%, AVNRT 97%/95%/97%, VT 82%/86%/93%). Rate of periprocedural complications were similar in all groups treated for AFL and AVNRT. For VT ablations significant differences were noted between pts > 80 or 60 to 80 years and those aged 40‐60 years (16.1%/14.3%/3.6%). Most complications were infections and groin haematoma. No strokes, iatrogenic atrioventricular blocks and deaths related to the ablation occurred.ConclusionAblation appears safe in pts > 80 years. Success rates were comparable to matched younger cohorts. A significant difference was observed for VT patients.