bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konceptualizacja idei ochrony dziedzictwa europejskiego Wspólnoty Europejskiej jako fundament ustaleń art. 128 traktatu z Maastricht
Authors: Gierat-Bieroń Bożena 
Published: March 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba wyjaśnienia genezy oraz roli dziedzictwa europejskiego w kształtowaniu nowej świadomości kulturowej Europejczyków. Dziedzictwo, rozu­miane u podstaw procesu włączania go do polityki wspólnotowej w kategoriach ochrony architekto­nicznych i archeologicznych zabytków starożytnych, stawało się w trakcie procesów decyzyjnych lat 70. i 80. XX w. pojęciem szerszym, asymilującym dobra materialne i niematerialne, takie jak pamięć, pamięć zbiorowa i tożsamość. Okres poprzedzający ustanowienie traktatu z Maastricht 1993 r. był czasem konceptualizowania i powolnego europeizowania pojęcia „dziedzictwo”. Na poziomie zarówno definicyjnym, jak i funkcji pełnionej względem innych obszarów życia przekształcało się ono w dziedzinę, która może podlegać ponadnarodowemu interwencjonizmowi czynionemu w imię dobra zbiorowego oraz niepodważalnych wartości europejskich. To w żadnym stopniu nie koliduje z jego narodowym znaczeniem oraz zachowaniem zasady suwerenności państw, przestrzeganej w UE. Conceptualisation of the idea of the protection of European heritage oftheEC as afoundation of the provisions of art. 128 of the Maastricht Treaty The paper attempts to explain both roots and a role of European heritage in shap­ing cultural awareness in European Union. At its beginning, the heritage was considered solely as a protection of historic sites and architecture. During 70s and 80s, when decisions shaping European Union were voted and made, the term was considerably broadened to include apart from material also non material culture. The ideas of memory, collective memory, or identity became a part of cul­tural heritage at that time. During a period prior to Maastricht Treaty of 1993, the concept of heritage underwent the process of further conceptualization and Europeanization. The heritage started to be perceived as a domain which can be subject, in the name of common good and protection of indisputable and fundamental European values, to over national interventionism. This, however, can­not collide or stay in conflict with national policies protecting local heritage. The latter is compatible with the idea of state members sovereignty and it is fully respected within the EU.
Trzy logiki geopolityczne brexitu
Authors: Grosse Tomasz Grzegorz 
Published: March 2020

Artykuł ukazuje proces brexitu w perspektywie geopolitycznej. W tym celu przedstawiono trzy, jak się wydaje, dominujące logiki geopolityczne widoczne wśród elit brytyjskich, a następnie ukazano je w kolejnych etapach działań poprzedzających referendum z 2016 r. i występujących w trakcie negocjacji Zjednoczonego Królestwa z Brukselą, dotyczących wyjścia tego państwa ze struktur UE. Three geopolitical logics of BrexitThe purpose of the article is to show the Brexit process in a geopolitical perspective. To this end, three seemingly dominant geopolitical logics, visible among the British elite, were presented, and then they were examined in the consecutive stages of political activities preceding and following the referendum of 2016, including the negotiations of the United Kingdom with Brussels regarding the exit of that country from European Union structures.
„Wygrani” i „przegrani”. Analiza zmian poparcia uzyskanego przez radnych sejmików wojewódzkich kandydujących do parlamentu
Authors: Dojwa-Turczyńska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2020

Problematyka kreacji instytucjonalnych elit władzy jest zagadnieniem, które absorbowało i nadal absorbuje przedstawicieli nauk społecznych. Procesy rekrutacji i selekcji, zdobywania poparcia społecznego i oddolnej legitymacji zdają się interesować nie tylko świat ludzi nauki, praktyków sfery politycznej, lecz także obywateli — wyborców. W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytania dotyczące udziału radnych sejmików województw wybranych w 2014 r. w wyborach parlamentarnych kolejnego roku. Zastanawiano się nad kwestią samej skali aktywności radnych, problemami ich związania lub nie z poszczególnym blokiem politycznym i z określonym terytorium, wreszcie analizie poddano zmiany dotyczące uzyskanego przez nich poparcia wyborczego. “Winners” and “losers.” Analysis of changes in the support received by provincial assembly councillors running for parliamentThe issues of the creation of institutional elites of the authorities constitute a problem that absorbs representatives of social sciences to this day. The processes of recruitment and selection, gaining social support and bottom-up legitimization seem to absorb not only the world of academics and practitioners of the political sphere but also citizens-electors. In this paper, an attempt has been made to give answers to questions concerning the participation of provincial assembly councillors elected in 2014 in the parliamentary elections held the following year. The issue of the scale of councillors’ activity, problems of their connection or its lack with a specific political bloc and specific territory have been considered, while the rest of the analysis refers to changes regarding the electoral support they gained.
Surgical Treatment of Wrist Arthritis in Young Patients
Authors: Campbell Collier C. , Neustein Thomas M. , Daly Charles A. , Wagner Eric R. 
Published: March 2020

» Surgical treatment of wrist arthritis in the younger patient population remains a challenging issue, and various surgical options need to be carefully considered for each patient.» Proximal row carpectomy and 4-corner arthrodesis have proven to be reliable options for reducing pain and restoring adequate function in most young high-demand patients if the lunate facet is spared.» Selective neurectomy has proven to be a promising stand-alone or complementary procedure for the treatment of pain that is associated with wrist arthritis in patients of all ages, with spared motion and the opportunity to perform additional procedures if pain continues.» Alternative procedures, including capitolunate arthrodesis, total wrist arthrodesis, radial styloidectomy, total wrist arthroplasty, and wrist hemiarthroplasty, have considerable strengths and weaknesses and need to be studied further in younger patients.
Integrating Distributed Acoustic Sensing, Treatment-Pressure Analysis, and Video-Based Perforation Imaging To Evaluate Limited-Entry-Treatment Effectiveness
Authors: Cramer David , Friehauf Kyle , Roberts Glyn , Whittaker Jeff 
Published: March 2020

Summary
The primary objectives of perforating a lengthy cased-and-cemented wellbore section for fracture stimulation are to enable extensive communication with the reservoir and control the allocation of fluid and proppant into multiple intervals as efficiently as possible during fracturing treatments. Simultaneously treating multiple intervals reduces the number of fracture stages required, thus reducing treatment cost. One way to control the allocation is to use limited-entry perforating. Execution and optimization of limited-entry perforating requires awareness of the factors that can affect performance. This paper presents a case study of plug-and-perforate horizontal-well treatments in an unconventional shale play in which various diagnostic methods were used to better understand these factors.
Within the case study, three types of perforation-evaluation diagnostics were implemented: injection step-down tests and pressure analysis of the fracturing treatments, video-based perforation imaging, and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS).
Injection step-down tests indicated that all perforations were initially accepting fluid. Surface-pressure analysis of the main fracturing treatments indicated that in certain cases, several perforations were not accepting fluid and proppant (slurry) by the end of the job.
Video-based imaging indicated that a large majority of perforations showed unambiguous evidence of significant proppant entry. Evaluation of the erosion patterns on the perforations showed a positional bias where for a given fracture stage, perforations in clusters nearest the heel of the well were more eroded than perforations in clusters nearest the toe of the well.
DAS analysis showed a positional bias, allocating more slurry volume to clusters nearest the heel of the well. However, DAS analysis also showed that changing the number of perforations in a cluster had a larger effect than the positional bias.
The results of the case study indicated that a staggered perforation design using more gradual changes among clusters would lead to a more balanced treatment. This scenario was evaluated along with a job design featuring high excess perforation friction and an equal number of perforations in each cluster. Fracture-simulation runs indicated that both tactics are likely to improve slurry allocation.
Productivity Index for SAGD Producers During Steam-Flashing: Coning Model I and II
Authors: Irani Mazda 
Published: March 2020

Summary
Over the last decade, steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process has been successfully commercialized in Alberta and Saskatchewan thermal projects. Remediation of slotted liner wells in cases of erosion, or high gas/steam production later in life requires a different basis of design based on specific well challenges and will be challenged by the additional pressure drops due to poor or variable sand control productivity. Flow Control Devices (FCDs) have demonstrated significant potential for improving recovery in SAGD production wells. FCD experience in SAGD has been primarily positive and most producers performed better with FCDs. While for some operators the results are mixed or negative. The first generation of FCDs deployed in SAGD projects were not designed for such process and in some cases ill-suited. Furthermore, current modeling methods deployed have significant limitations that prevent appropriate FCD design or understanding, and although they can be history matched, typically do not provide useful insight into the pressure drops encountered or held understand the benefit of different devices. In order to design and optimize FCDs for SAGD, it is necessary to characterize different FCDs under the steam-breakthrough condition, and accurately model the flashing in the near wellbore area associated with low-subcool operation. The extensive chocking in FCDs, far greater than initial design, in many cases is due to near-wellbore flashing.
This work is a continuation of three previous parts discussing the liquid pool modeling for SAGD producers (Irani, 2018, 2019 and Irani and Gates, 2018). The purpose of this work is to create a PI that fit for purpose of SAGD liquid pool pre- and post-flashing that mainly can be used for analysis and optimization of FCDs. With FCDs, the draw-down pressure is typically higher, resulting in flashing near the well bore. If there is flashing in the near wellbore area, the temperature gradient within liquid pool yields the saturation curve. The flashing causes the reduction in the relative permeability of the liquid phase, that creates new equilibrium that stabilizes at lower rates. Such new equilibrium analysis is conducted by forcing a new temperature gradient to the model. The main output of such analysis is the produced steam quality at the producer sand-face. The steam quality is an important input for the flow control devices (FCDs) especially at subcool close to the zero, as it controls its behavior. This type of analysis can help the operators evaluate the effectiveness of different type of FCDs, whether they are primarily momentum- or friction-style devices.
Performance and Comprehensive Mechanisms of Non-Condensable Gas Assisted Steam Process in Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery: An Experimental Study
Authors: Gao Hao , Pu Wanfen , Li Yibo , Luo Qiang , Luo Haoyu , Sun Ziqi , Ding Liangliang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Non-condensable gas assisted steam, being recognized as a promising technique in enhanced heavy oil recovery, has been successfully employed in oilfield for many years. Nevertheless, the displacing mechanism of this technology is complicated and has not been thoroughly understood. The emphasis of this study lies in the performance of non-condensable gas assisted steam flooding in improving heavy oil recovery and its comprehensive mechanism has been discussed.
In the research, carbon dioxide (CO2) addition to steam injection process is proposed. The influence of CO2 dissolution on oil properties and interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and gas was investigated via PVT and IFT tests. Experiments on high temperature relative permeability were made to study the effect of CO2 on flow characteristic of oil and water in porous media. Based on above studies, the displacing performance of CO2 assisted steam process was investigated through one-dimensional sand-packed physical experiment. CO2 alternating steam flooding followed the constant CO2/steam volume ratio of 1:10.
The experimental results showed that CO2 dissolving in heavy oil was able to swell oil volume, reduce oil viscosity and IFT, and enhance oil phase relative permeability. Addition of CO2 effectively could maintain soaking pressure in steam huff and puff process and offered more oil production energy. CO2 alternating steam flooding could delay injection pressure drop and push the thermal front forward heating more heavy oil to be produced out. The performance of CO2 assisted steam process markedly outperformed single steam injection in oil recovery, which attributed to the increment of both microscopic oil displacement efficiency and macroscopic volume sweep efficiency. Oil swelling and low IFT were beneficial to reduce residual oil which was trapped in capillary resistance. The reduction of oil viscosity and the increment of oil phase relative permeability indicated that mobility of viscous oil was improved, which could enhance displacing efficiency in porous media. Meanwhile, maintenance of reservoir pressure through introducing CO2 to steam injection process could lead more oil to be heated, which contributed to improve sweep efficiency. Moreover, the dramatic decrease of oil viscosity lowered the mobility contrast between oil and water in porous media, probably mitigating viscous fingering and channeling to some extent.
This study has provided more powerful evidences to fully understand comprehensive mechanisms of non-condensable gas assisted steam process. Results may prove that this method is an efficient technology for improving oil recovery in heavy oil reservoir.
Innovative Fluid-Loss Control Pill Improved Workover Operations in a Shallow Low-Pressure Heavy Oil Unconsolidated Sandstone Reservoir in Kuwait
Authors: Reda Mahmoud , Albahri Abrar , Pandey Dharmesh , AlFaudari Mohammad , Kommaraju Srinivas , Malik Satinder , Pallath George , Ali Mohamed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Workover operations in shallow low pressure heavy oil unconsolidated sandstone reservoir in Kuwait presents a major challenge due to significant killing fluid loss which causes wellbore plugging, incremental operational costs due to more rig days, excess brine volumes, and more importantly the impact of deferred production due to formation damage. This paper presents an innovative fluid-loss control pill added to killing fluids, which has resulted in significant cost savings and well productivity improvements.
The subject heavy oil reservoir have formation pressure equivalent to 6.3 PPG versus 9.3 PPG Potassium Chloride brine used as killing fluid. This overbalance condition is a requirement as safety barrier but conversely it leads to hundreds of barrels of killing fluid losses with the consequently invasion and formation damage. Kuwait Oil Company recently added a new customized fluid loss control pill of high purity vacuumed dried evaporated salt to the well killing procedure. Using this fluid loss control pill both drilling and reservoir engineers achieved their aim in terms of safety operation and no formation damage.
To test this new pill, two shallow wells with 220 psi reservoir pressure and perforation set at 630 ft were selected to record the losses. The first well had undergone workover including recordings from caliper, cement, and ultrasonic logs, which measured the positive impact of the new control pill on logs quality by excluding fluid pumping while logging and having constant fluid level at surface, which saved cable head from unnecessary tensions. In a second well, there was hanged standalone screen on a packer against the perforation and there is no direct access to the perforation. The control pill was customized to be pumped into the screen, which sealed the screen itself perfectly. The control pill flowed back easily in both wells and same loss rate was observed after removing the pill, which confirmed no negative impact on reservoir permeability.
KOC confirmed that the two jobs were successful and the pill to be approved for full field implement in other operations. The achieved success criteria summarized as follows: Hydrostatic column is a safety barrier that assuring fluid level at surface during workover is safety requirement especially in high Gas oil ratio wells.Full circulation enhances sand cleanup operation.Fluid level at surface results in accurate logging by eliminating invasion into reservoir and support improved operations.
Enhanced Oil Recovery in Post-CHOPS Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand Heavy Oil Reservoirs of Alberta and Saskatchewan Part 1: Field Piloting of Mild Heating Technologies
Authors: Coskuner Gokhan , Huang Haibo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lloydminster area that straddles Alberta and Saskatchewan border contains vast amounts of heavy oil deposits in thin unconsolidated formations. It is believed that the heavy oil resource volume is in the 50 to 70 billion bbl range which makes it a world class resource. This work briefly summarizes the reservoir properties of these formations and provides an overview of the primary CHOPS recovery mechanism which only recovers on average 8% of the original oil in place. Therefore, the target for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are substantial. For instance, if an additional 2% (25% of the primary) oil can be recovered, this means an additional 1 to 1.5 billion bbls of oil production which can sustain the oil industry for many years in this area providing jobs and contributing significantly to government royalties.
A number of EOR processes are reviewed in this study from the conventional water flooding technologies to more state of the art processes such as Horizontal well Hot Oil Circulation. It is shown that part of the resource with viscosities less than 5,000 to 10,000 cp can be a target for water/polymer flooding.
While steam injection in heavy oil reservoirs can be very successful, more than 95% of the resource in Lloydminster is less than 10 m thick and, thus, is not amenable to steam injection due to excessive heat losses to the surrounding formations. However, EOR processes involving mild heating or no heating can be feasible in these thinner formations. A number of mild heating technologies are discussed. Two of these technologies have been piloted in the field: Hot Water Vapour Process and Horizontal Well Hot Oil Circulation. Field results from these pilots are presented and discussed in this paper. It appears that these technologies can offer significant commercial potential in post-CHOPS reservoirs as well as in areas where CHOPS or horizontal primary production wells have not been successful.
Artificial Intelligence for Real-Time Monitoring of Fracture Driven Interactions and Simultaneous Completion Optimization
Authors: Stephenson Hayley , Nguyen Thomas , Murrell Glen , Shahkarami Alireza , Klenner Rob 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper builds on Klenner et al. 2018, which utilized machine learning to understand well-to-well communication ("Frac hits") or fracture-driven interaction (FDI) during hydraulic fracturing operations. This paper introduces an infrastructure that enahances the process for real-time enablement including data acquisition, visualization, and alerting for completion adjustments during operations. A use case is also presented which monitored, characterized, and provided understanding to the root causes of FDI during operations in the field. Machine learning in real-time provided insights and informed decisions regarding treating pressure, slurry rates, or proppant concentrations.
The analysis included real-time streaming of time series completion data of the hydraulically completed infill wells and the time series pressure data of the offset wells. The processing of the data in real-time uses s a 3-step process: 1) Apply analytics to detect and characterize interference events during the active stimulation and offset monitoring 2) Utilize alert mechanisms to notify operators when a significant communication event is occurring and 3) Apply machine learning techniques to determine what completion parameters inform the occurrence of FDI events, and quantify those parameters in order to provide operators with suggestive actions to help control the event in real-time.
The novelty of this approach is the application of analytics and machine learning to multiple streaming data sets in order to alert the operator of events, identify causality and consequently optimize completion design in real-time. The quantification of the completion parameters provides rules or recommendations that enable operators to make informed decisions to mitigate or manage communication. Furthermore, the methodology lends a fundamental analytics framework for visualization, continuous learning to create and optimize other real-time completion and stimulation operations at the asset level.
Quantitative Analysis of Inter-Well Communication in Tight Reservoirs: Examples from Montney Formation
Authors: Haghshenas Behjat , Qanbari Farhad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Well spacing and completion optimization in tight and shale reservoirs is a multi-dimensional task which comprise reservoir rock and fluid characterization, well performance study, inter-well communication analysis, and economic evaluation. Two sources of pressure data for characterization of inter-well communication include offset well pressure monitoring during hydraulic fracturing and controlled communication (interference) tests through staggered production. Both types of inter-well communication tests have become common among the operators in tight and shale reservoirs. However, quantitative analysis tools for interpretation of the test results are in their infancy. The focus of this study is quantitative analysis of pressure interference tests.
In this study, an analytical model is developed for quantitative analysis of communication between multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) using pressure data from production and monitoring well pairs. The governing partial differential equation for the more general case of coupled flow in hydraulic fracture and matrix systems is solved using the Laplace transform. In order to validate the analytical model, the results from the analytical solution are compared against numerical simulation models.
The analytical model of this study is applied to two field case from Montney formation. In these cases, a well from a multi-well pad is put on production and bottom-hole pressure of a monitoring well from the same pad is recorded using down-hole recorders. Communications between the wells is quantified using the analytical models of this study.
The model of this study serves as a novel and practical tool for quantitative analysis and interpretation of inter-well communication in MFHWs. Integration of the model with other direct diagnostic and measurement tools can provide insight into optimized completion intensity for MFHWs.