bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiomics of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in renal cell carcinoma—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ursprung Stephan , Beer Lucian , Bruining Annemarie , Woitek Ramona , Stewart Grant D , Gallagher Ferdia A , Sala Evis 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives
(1) To assess the methodological quality of radiomics studies investigating histological subtypes, therapy response, and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and (2) to determine the risk of bias in these radiomics studies.

Methods
In this systematic review, literature published since 2000 on radiomics in RCC was included and assessed for methodological quality using the Radiomics Quality Score. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool and a meta-analysis of radiomics studies focusing on differentiating between angiomyolipoma without visible fat and RCC was performed.

Results
Fifty-seven studies investigating the use of radiomics in renal cancer were identified, including 4590 patients in total. The average Radiomics Quality Score was 3.41 (9.4% of total) with good inter-rater agreement (ICC 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.98). Three studies validated results with an independent dataset, one used a publically available validation dataset. None of the studies shared the code, images, or regions of interest. The meta-analysis showed moderate heterogeneity among the included studies and an odds ratio of 6.24 (95% CI 4.27–9.12; p < 0.001) for the differentiation of angiomyolipoma without visible fat from RCC.

Conclusions
Radiomics algorithms show promise for answering clinical questions where subjective interpretation is challenging or not established. However, the generalizability of findings to prospective cohorts needs to be demonstrated in future trials for progression towards clinical translation. Improved sharing of methods including code and images could facilitate independent validation of radiomics signatures.

Key Points
• Studies achieved an average Radiomics Quality Score of 10.8%. Common reasons for low Radiomics Quality Scores were unvalidated results, retrospective study design, absence of open science, and insufficient control for multiple comparisons.
• A previous training phase allowed reaching almost perfect inter-rater agreement in the application of the Radiomics Quality Score.
• Meta-analysis of radiomics studies distinguishing angiomyolipoma without visible fat from renal cell carcinoma show moderate diagnostic odds ratios of 6.24 and moderate methodological diversity.
Diet change affects intestinal microbiota restoration and improves vertical sleeve gastrectomy outcome in diet-induced obese rats
Authors: Rossell Joana , Brindefalk Björn , Baena-Fustegueras Juan Antonio , Peinado-Onsurbe Julia , Udekwu Klas I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeObesity, a worldwide health problem, is linked to an abnormal gut microbiota and is currently most effectively treated by bariatric surgery. Our aim was to characterize the microbiota of high-fat fed Sprague–Dawley rats when subjected to bariatric surgery (i.e., vertical sleeve gastrectomy) and posterior refeeding with either a high-fat or control diet. We hypothesized that bariatric surgery followed by the control diet was more effective in reverting the microbiota modifications caused by the high-fat diet when compared to either of the two factors alone.MethodsUsing next-generation sequencing of ribosomal RNA amplicons, we analyzed and compared the composition of the cecal microbiota after vertical sleeve gastrectomy with control groups representing non-operated rats, control fed, high-fat fed, and post-operative diet-switched animals. Rats were fed either a high-fat or control low-fat diet and were separated into three comparison groups after eight weeks comprising no surgery, sham surgery, and vertical sleeve gastrectomy. Half of the rats were then moved from the HFD to the control diet. Using next-generation sequencing of ribosomal RNA amplicons, we analyzed the composition of the cecal microbiota of rats allocated to the vertical sleeve gastrectomy group and compared it to that of the non-surgical, control fed, high-fat fed, and post-operative diet-switched groups. Additionally, we correlated different biological parameters with the genera exhibiting the highest variation in abundance between the groups.ResultsThe high-fat diet was the strongest driver of altered taxonomic composition, relative microbial abundance, and diversity in the cecum. These effects were partially reversed in the diet-switched cohort, especially when combined with sleeve gastrectomy, resulting in increased diversity and shifting relative abundances. Several highly-affected genera were correlated with obesity-related parameters.ConclusionsThe dysbiotic state caused by high-fat diet was improved by the change to the lower fat, higher fiber control diet. Bariatric surgery contributed significantly and additively to the diet in restoring microbiome diversity and complexity. These results highlight the importance of dietary intervention following bariatric surgery for improved restoration of cecal diversity, as neither surgery nor change of diet alone had the same effects as when combined.
Polycystic ovary syndrome management: a review of the possible amazing role of berberine
Authors: Rondanelli M. , Infantino Vittoria , Riva A. , Petrangolini G. , Faliva M. A. , Peroni G. , Naso M. , Nichetti M. , Spadaccini D. , Gasparri C. , Perna S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The therapy of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is based on synthetic hormones associated with lifestyle changes, but these therapies cannot be taken continuously, especially by women who would like to become pregnant. Thus, nutraceutical compounds were investigated as possible agents for treatment of PCOS. Berberine is shown to be effective against insulin resistance and obesity, particularly against visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Because of these properties, researchers theorized that berberine could be effective in PCOS treatment.

Methods
The aim of this narrative review was to assess the state of the art about the use of berberine in PCOS management.

Results
This review included 5 eligible studies. Despite the number of studies considered being low, the number of women studied is high (1078) and the results are interesting. Two authors find out that berberine induced a redistribution of adipose tissue, reducing VAT in the absence of weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity, quite like metformin. One author demonstrated that berberine improved the lipid pattern. Moreover, three authors demonstrated that berberine improved insulin resistance in theca cells with an improvement of the ovulation rate per cycle, so berberine is also effective on fertility and live birth rates.

Conclusions
Finally, berberine is safe to use in premenopausal women who want to get pregnant and showed few side effects in all the cited studies. In conclusion, the use of berberine for PCOS is safe and promising, even if more studies are needed to create a consensus about the dosage of berberine useful for long-term therapy.
Understanding the chemistry of the artificial electron acceptors PES, PMS, DCPIP and Wurster’s Blue in methanol dehydrogenase assays
Authors: Jahn Bérénice , Jonasson Niko S. W. , Hu Hurina , Singer Helena , Pol Arjan , Good Nathan M. , den Camp Huub J. M. Op , Martinez-Gomez N. Cecilia , Daumann Lena J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMethanol dehydrogenases (MDH) have recently taken the spotlight with the discovery that a large portion of these enzymes in nature utilize lanthanides in their active sites. The kinetic parameters of these enzymes are determined with a spectrophotometric assay first described by Anthony and Zatman 55 years ago. This artificial assay uses alkylated phenazines, such as phenazine ethosulfate (PES) or phenazine methosulfate (PMS), as primary electron acceptors (EAs) and the electron transfer is further coupled to a dye. However, many groups have reported problems concerning the bleaching of the assay mixture in the absence of MDH and the reproducibility of those assays. Hence, the comparison of kinetic data among MDH enzymes of different species is often cumbersome. Using mass spectrometry, UV–Vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we show that the side reactions of the assay mixture are mainly due to the degradation of assay components. Light-induced demethylation (yielding formaldehyde and phenazine in the case of PMS) or oxidation of PES or PMS as well as a reaction with assay components (ammonia, cyanide) can occur. We suggest here a protocol to avoid these side reactions. Further, we describe a modified synthesis protocol for obtaining the alternative electron acceptor, Wurster’s blue (WB), which serves both as EA and dye. The investigation of two lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenases fromMethylorubrum extorquensAM1 andMethylacidiphilum fumariolicumSolV with WB, along with handling recommendations, is presented.Graphic abstractLanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenases. Understanding the chemistry of artificial electron acceptors and redox dyes can yield more reproducible results.
Genome rearrangements and megaplasmid loss in the filamentous bacterium Kitasatospora viridifaciens are associated with protoplast formation and regeneration
Authors: Ramijan Karina , Zhang Zheren , van Wezel Gilles P. , Claessen Dennis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFilamentous Actinobacteria are multicellular bacteria with linear replicons. Kitasatospora viridifaciens DSM 40239 contains a linear 7.8 Mb chromosome and an autonomously replicating plasmid KVP1 of 1.7 Mb. Here we show that lysozyme-induced protoplast formation of the multinucleated mycelium of K. viridifaciens drives morphological diversity. Characterisation and sequencing of an individual revertant colony that had lost the ability to differentiate revealed that the strain had not only lost most of KVP1 but also carried deletions in the right arm of the chromosome. Strikingly, the deletion sites were preceded by insertion sequence elements, suggesting that the rearrangements may have been caused by replicative transposition and homologous recombination between both replicons. These data indicate that protoplast formation is a stressful process that can lead to profound genetic changes.
Work–Family Practices and Complexity of Their Usage: A Discourse Analysis Towards Socially Responsible Human Resource Management
Authors: Heikkinen Suvi , Lämsä Anna-Maija , Niemistö Charlotta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe question of work–family practices commonly arises in both theory and daily practice as a matter of responsibility in today’s organisations. More information is needed about them for socially responsible human resource management (SR-HRM). In this article our interest is in how work–family practices, serve as an important element of SR-HRM, constructed as (un)helpful for employees’ work–family integration, are realised in organisational life. We investigate the discursive ways in which members of two different organisations working at different organisational levels construct the issue in the Finnish context. Three discourses were interpreted: (1) a discourse of compliance with external pressure, (2) a discourse of negotiation and (3) a discourse of individual flexibility. Discursive constructions of work–family practices make visible the complex interconnectedness of individuals and organisations with the environment in which they operate. Many organisational efforts to create positive work–family practices can, in fact, lead to failure to make these practices either available or usable, and they may result in the unjust treatment of organisation members. Creating sustainable work–family practices is a complex challenge for which SR-HRM must work out a solution.
Motor vehicle accidents in CPAP-compliant obstructive sleep apnea patients—a long-term observational study
Authors: Myllylä Minna , Anttalainen Ulla , Saaresranta Tarja , Laitinen Tarja 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with a 2- to 7-fold risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment may reduce MVA risk. We further explored this issue in long-term CPAP users and untreated controls.

Methods
We used both before-after and case-control study designs. The observational cohort consisted of CPAP-treated and untreated patients matched for gender, age, and apnea-hypopnea index. All MVAs reported to the police were identified.

Results
A total of 2060 patients (75.8% male, mean age 56.0 ± 10.5 years) were included. The CPAP-treated patients (N = 1030) were screened for MVAs for a median of 9.0 years before and after treatment. The median CPAP usage was 6.4 h/day. The control patients (N = 1030) were screened for MVAs for a median of 6.5 years after discontinuation of CPAP. No significant differences were observed between the incidences of MVAs per 1000 person years before treatment (3.2), after treatment (3.9), or in controls (2.6). Compared with controls, patients who had MVA after treatment had a higher body mass index (BMI), but did not differ in terms of other baseline characteristics, sleep study data, or accident conditions. In the majority of these patients, daytime sleepiness was reduced, whereas BMI tended to increase during treatment.

Conclusions
The MVA incidence did not change after CPAP treatment. Among the patients who had MVA, BMI was the only baseline characteristic that differed between the groups and tended to further increase after CPAP treatment. Differences in sleep study data or accident conditions were not observed.
Factors Influencing Primary Care Providers’ Unneeded Lumbar Spine MRI Orders for Acute, Uncomplicated Low-Back Pain: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Nevedal Andrea L. , Lewis Eleanor T. , Wu Justina , Jacobs Josephine , Jarvik Jeffrey G. , Chou Roger , Barnett Paul G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Clinical practice guidelines suggest that magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine (LS-MRI) is unneeded during the first 6 weeks of acute, uncomplicated low-back pain. Unneeded LS-MRIs do not improve patient outcomes, lead to unnecessary surgeries and procedures, and cost the US healthcare system about $300 million dollars per year. However, why primary care providers (PCPs) order unneeded LS-MRI for acute, uncomplicated low-back pain is poorly understood.

Objective
To characterize and explain the factors contributing to PCPs ordering unneeded LS-MRI for acute, uncomplicated low-back pain.

Design
Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.

Participants
Veterans Affairs PCPs identified from administrative data as having high or low rates of guideline-concordant LS-MRI ordering in 2016.

Approach
Providers were interviewed about their use of LS-MRI for acute, uncomplicated low-back pain and factors contributing to their decision-making. Directed content analysis of transcripts was conducted to identify and compare environmental-, patient-, and provider-level factors contributing to unneeded LS-MRI.

Key Results
Fifty-five PCPs participated (8.6% response rate). Both low (n = 33) and high (n = 22) guideline-concordant providers reported that LS-MRIs were required for specialty care referrals, but they differed in how other environmental factors (stringency of radiology utilization review, management of patient travel burden, and time constraints) contributed to LS-MRI ordering patterns. Low- and high-guideline-concordant providers reported similar patient factors (beliefs in value of imaging and pressure on providers). However, provider groups differed in how provider-level factors (guideline familiarity and agreement, the extent to which they acquiesced to patients, and belief in the value of LS-MRI) contributed to LS-MRI ordering patterns.

Conclusions
Results describe how diverse environmental, patient, and provider factors contribute to unneeded LS-MRI for acute, uncomplicated low-back pain. Prior research using a single intervention to reduce unneeded LS-MRI has been ineffective. Results suggest that multifaceted de-implementation strategies may be required to reduce unneeded LS-MRI.
Outcomes and revision rates of primary vs. secondary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for proximal humeral fractures
Authors: Katthagen J. Christoph , Hesse Elina , Lill Helmut , Schliemann Benedikt , Ellwein Alexander , Raschke Michael J. , Imrecke Julia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a standard treatment for proximal humeral fractures (PHF) and its sequelae. In this study we analyzed the clinical outcomes of primary vs. secondary RSA for displaced PHF in elderly patients.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 68 cases of primary or secondary RSA for displaced PHF. For 51 patients (28 primary RSA, 23 secondary RSA), a minimum 12-month follow-up with clinical and radiological assessment was available. Clinical assessment comprised joint active range of motion, DASH, Constant–Murley Score (CMS), Subjective Shoulder Value, and Visual Analog Scale for pain. Outcomes and complications of patients with primary RSA were compared with those of patients with secondary RSA.

Results
Follow-up data were available for 45 women and six men with a mean age of 73 years (range, 59–87) at the time of implantation. In 28 cases, primary RSA was performed; in 23 cases, RSA was performed as a revision procedure for fracture sequelae after failed plating, nailing, or hemiarthroplasty. The mean age- and gender-related CMS was 82.2 ± 34.2% (raw mean CMS: 46.8 ± 19.6 points). Among nine of the 51 patients with follow-up data (17.6%), ten complications occurred with six surgical revisions. Primary RSA (n = 28) resulted in better clinical shoulder function compared with secondary RSA (n = 23). Significantly more complications and revision surgeries were observed following secondary than primary RSA (p = 0.013).

Conclusion
In this study, primary RSA for displaced PHF in the elderly was associated with better clinical function and lower complication and revision rates than secondary RSA. Predictive parameters for failure of humeral head-preserving fracture fixation and anatomic hemiarthroplasty should be carefully evaluated. Primary RSA should be considered when surgical treatment of PHF is indicated in elderly patients.
Exploring the Experiences of Women Who Develop Restrictive Eating Behaviours After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Watson Charlotte , Riazi Afsane , Ratcliffe Denise 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to explore the experiences of women who had developed excessively restrictive eating behaviours following bariatric surgery.

Method
Five female participants, who were at least nine months post-bariatric surgery and exhibiting restrictive eating behaviours, were recruited from Bariatric Surgery Psychology Services and asked to complete qualitative face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The data was analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).

Results
Three super-ordinate themes emerged: (1) experiences of weight stigma and weight history on self, (2) the impact of loose skin, (3) thoughts about food and disordered eating patterns. These captured the impact of past weight-related experiences—including weight stigma, intense fears of weight gain, negative cognitions about the self, the impact of excess skin, changes in the way the women thought about food and restrictive eating behaviours.

Discussion
This study is one of the first to specifically explore restrictive eating disorders after bariatric surgery using a qualitative approach. The findings of this study may offer helpful aspects for professionals to hold in mind when identifying individuals with problematic restrictive eating behaviours following bariatric surgery. Body contouring surgery, internalised weight bias and weight stigma are explored in relation to the post-bariatric surgery treatment pathway. The current diagnostic criterion for anorexia nervosa are discussed to highlight difficulties in diagnosing this presentation in the post-bariatric surgery population, where people can have BMIs over 25 kg/m2 but are severely restricting energy intake.
The laser beamline in SULF facility
Authors: Zhang Zongxin , Wu Fenxiang , Hu Jiabing , Yang Xiaojun , Gui Jiayan , Ji Penghua , Liu Xingyan , Wang Cheng , Liu Yanqi , Lu Xiaoming , Xu Yi , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin , Xu Zhizhan 
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we report the recent progress on the

$1~\text{PW}/0.1~\text{Hz}$

laser beamline of Shanghai Superintense Ultrafast Laser Facility (SULF). The SULF-1 PW laser beamline is based on the double chirped pulse amplification (CPA) scheme, which can generate laser pulses of 50.8 J at 0.1 Hz after the final amplifier; the shot-to-shot energy fluctuation of the amplified pulse is as low as 1.2% (std). After compression, the pulse duration of 29.6 fs is achieved, which can support a maximal peak power of 1 PW. The contrast ratio at

$-80~\text{ps}$

before main pulse is measured to be

$2.5\times 10^{-11}$

. The focused peak intensity is improved by optimizing the angular dispersion in the grating compressor. The maximal focused peak intensity can reach

$2.7\times 10^{19}~\text{W}/\text{cm}^{2}$

even with an

$f/26.5$

off-axis parabolic mirror. The horizontal and vertical angular pointing fluctuations in 1 h are measured to be 1.89 and

$2.45~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{rad}$

, respectively. The moderate repetition rate and the good stability are desirable characteristics for laser–matter interactions. The SULF-1 PW laser beamline is now in the phase of commissioning, and preliminary experiments of particle acceleration and secondary radiation under 300–400 TW/0.1 Hz laser condition have been implemented. The progress on the experiments and the daily stable operation of the laser demonstrate the availability of the SULF-1 PW beamline.
Millennial-scale increase in winter precipitation in the southern Rocky Mountains during the Common Era
Authors: Parish Meredith C. , Calder W. John , Shuman Bryan N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe employed the modern analog technique to quantitatively reconstruct temperature and precipitation over the past 2500 yr based on fossil pollen records from six high-elevation lakes in northern Colorado. Reconstructed annual temperatures for the study area did not deviate significantly from modern over the past 2500 yr despite hemispheric expressions of Medieval Climate Anomaly warmth and Little Ice Age cooling. Annual precipitation, however, shifted from lower than modern rates from 2500 to 1000 cal yr BP to higher than modern rates after 1000 cal yr BP, a greater than 100 mm increase in precipitation. Winter precipitation accounts for the majority of the change in annual precipitation, while summer precipitation rates did not change significantly over the past 2500 yr. The large change in winter precipitation rates from the first to second millennium of the Common Era is inferred from a shift in fossil pollen assemblages dominated by subalpine conifers, which have southern sites as modern analogs, to assemblages representing open subalpine vegetation with abundant Artemisia spp. (sagebrush), which have more northern modern analogs. The change helps to explain regional increases in lake levels and shifts in some isotopic and tree-ring data sets, highlighting the risk of large reductions in snowpack and water supplies in the Intermountain West.