bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estradiol Potentiates But Is Not Essential for Prolactin-Induced Suppression of Luteinizing Hormone Pulses in Female Rats
Authors: Silva Juneo F , Henriques Patricia C , Campideli-Santana Ana C , Araujo-Lopes Roberta , Aquino Nayara S S , Hipolito Laisa T M , Lopes-Aguiar Cleiton , Reis Adelina M , Grattan David R , Szawka Raphael E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Hyperprolactinemia causes infertility by suppressing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Because effects of prolactin (PRL) on the hypothalamus usually require estradiol (E2), we investigated the role of E2 in PRL-induced suppression of LH pulses. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with oil or E2 (OVX + E2) received a subcutaneous injection of ovine PRL (oPRL) 30 minutes before serial measurement of LH in the tail blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. E2 reduced pulsatile LH secretion. oPRL at 1.5 mg/kg further reduced LH pulse frequency in OVX + E2 but had no effect in OVX rats. The higher dose of 6-mg/kg oPRL decreased LH pulse frequency in both OVX and OVX + E2 rats, whereas pulse amplitude and mean LH levels were lowered only in OVX + E2 rats. Kisspeptin immunoreactivity and Kiss1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels were decreased in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of OVX + E2 rats. oPRL decreased both kisspeptin peptide and gene expression in the ARC of OVX rats but did not alter the already low levels in OVX + E2 rats. In the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, oPRL did not change kisspeptin immunoreactivity and, paradoxically, increased Kiss1 mRNA only in OVX + E2 rats. Moreover, oPRL effectively reduced Gnrh expression regardless of E2 treatment. In this study we used tail-tip blood sampling to determine the acute effect of PRL on LH pulsatility in female rats. Our findings characterize the role of E2 in the PRL modulation of hypothalamic components of the gonadal axis and LH release, demonstrating that E2 potentiates but is not essential for the suppression of pulsatile LH secretion caused by hyperprolactinemia.
The Impact of Skeletal Muscle ERα on Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Health
Authors: Hevener Andrea L , Ribas Vicent , Moore Timothy M , Zhou Zhenqi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The incidence of chronic disease is elevated in women after menopause. Increased expression of ESR1 (the gene that encodes the estrogen receptor alpha, ERα) in muscle is highly associated with metabolic health and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, reduced muscle expression levels of ESR1 are observed in women, men, and animals presenting clinical features of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Considering that metabolic dysfunction elevates chronic disease risk, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers, treatment strategies to combat metabolic dysfunction and associated pathologies are desperately needed.
This review will provide published work supporting a critical and protective role for skeletal muscle ERα in the regulation of mitochondrial function, metabolic homeostasis, and insulin action. We will provide evidence that muscle-selective targeting of ERα may be effective for the preservation of mitochondrial and metabolic health. Collectively published findings support a compelling role for ERα in the control of muscle metabolism via its regulation of mitochondrial function and quality control. Studies identifying ERα-regulated pathways essential for disease prevention will lay the important foundation for the design of novel therapeutics to improve metabolic health of women while limiting secondary complications that have historically plagued traditional hormone replacement interventions.
Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy on surgical condition and oncogene expression in advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Sun Guangyu Sun , Wang Shuyan , Liu Guangsheng 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effect of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen of XELOX (capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin) on surgical condition and oncogene expression in advanced gastric cancer.
Methods: From January 2015 to July 2016, 124 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were admitted to our hospital were selected. Random number table method was used to divide them into an observation group and a control group, 62 each group. The observation group received two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (XELOX) before operation, and the control group received surgery. The operation condition, expression of oncogenes in gastric cancer lesions, occurrence of adverse reactions and the long-term prognosis were compared between the two groups.
Results: The R0 resection rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The operation time of the observation group was shorter than that of the control group, the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the amount of postoperative drainage of the observation group were less than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of gastrokine 1, multiple tumor suppressor protein, Wilms tumor gene on the X chromosome (WTX gene) and gene of phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN gene) in the observation group after treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group before treatment, and the increase amplitude of the observation group was more obvious than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). In terms of long-term prognosis, the disease-free survival time and average survival time of the observation group during the two-year follow-up period were significantly better than those of the control group, and the recurrence rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group; the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Preoperative XELOX for advanced gastric cancer patients can effectively increase the proportion of radical surgery, reduce the risk of surgery, and significantly regulate the expression of oncogene, thus improving the long-term prognosis of patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1608
How to cite this:Sun G, Wang S, Liu G. Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy on surgical condition and oncogene expression in advanced gastric cancer. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):485-489. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1608
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Allergic Fungal rhino-sinusitis frequency in chronic rhino-sinusitis patients and accuracy of fungal culture in its diagnosis
Authors: Awan Nukhbat Ullah , Cheema Khalid Muneer , Naumeri Fatima , Qamar Samina 
Published: February 2020

Objective: To determine the frequency of Allergic Fungal Rhino-sinusitis (AFRS) in Chronic Rhino-sinusitis (CRS) patients and the accuracy of fungal culture in diagnosing AFRS.
Methods: Immunocompetent patients with CRS and without invasive fungal rhino-sinusitis presenting over a period of 3 years in ENT department of Mayo Hospital, from April 2014 to September 2017 were included in the study. AFRS was diagnosed clinically and on Bent and Kuhn diagnostic criteria. All patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. Removed tissue histopathology and fungal culture was done. Diagnostic accuracy of fungal culture in AFRS patients was determined.
Results: Out of 216 patients of CRS, 45 (20.8%) had AFRS. Mean age of patients diagnosed with AFRS was 29.49±9.16. Out of 45 patients, 26 were male and 19 were female. Nasal polyps were present in 45 (100%) patients, fungal stain was positive in 39(86.7%). CT scan showed sinus expansion in 28(62.2%) patients, heterogeneous opacity in 45(100%) patients and bone destruction in 13(28.9%). Presence of Allergic Mucin was seen in 45(100%) patients, high IgE levels in 36(80.0%), eosinophilia in 21(46.7%), presence of Charcot Leyden crystals in 27(60.0%). Asymmetrical involvement of sinuses was seen in 30 (66.7%) and co-existent asthma was seen in 18(40.0%). Fungal culture positive patients were 25(55.6%). Diagnostic accuracy of fungal culture was 91.6%.
Conclusion: Fungal culture has a key role in confirming diagnosis of AFRS. We also noted that frequency of AFRS is increasing in CRS patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1661
How to cite this:Awan NU, Cheema KM, Naumeri F, Qamar S. Allergic Fungal rhino-sinusitis frequency in chronic rhino-sinusitis patients and accuracy of fungal culture in its diagnosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):555-558. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1661
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Plight of Dentistry in Pakistan
Authors: Jawaid Shaukat Ali 
Published: February 2020

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.2278
How to cite this:Jawaid SA. Plight of Dentistry in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):299-302. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.2278
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Everything seems so settled here: The conceivability of post-Peircean biosemiotics
Authors: Rodríguez Higuera Claudio J. 
Published: February 2020

Theory change is a slow, tortuous process. Problems associated with how we communicate ideas and how these ideas are received by our peers become catalysts for change in how we ourselves perceive and sanction what the discipline is capable of doing. Some parts of semiotics, and particularly biosemiotics, have come under critical scrutiny because of their heavy commitment to Peircean philosophy, but at the same time, the contributions of Peircean philosophy are almost impossible to discount. The ripples of this situation are quite visible in the emergence of code biology as a post-semiotic research programme. Yet there is a general balance between those who do not put that much stock in Peircean concepts and those who cannot conceive semiotics without these.
This paper will ask whether a biosemiotics after Peirce is possible at all in the sense of acknowledging Peirce’s contributions to the field while also taking to heart the criticisms raised by those skeptical of the implications of Peircean semiotics. While the answer is most likely positive, it depends on what background our concept of meaning relies on and how it may bleed into the other areas of semiotics that biosemiotics may claim a stake on. Being able to discuss potential theoretical distinctions across semiotics while also allowing communication between the areas caught in this differentiation will be crucial for the health of the discipline as the gap between theories becomes more profound.
Design of Lotteries and Wait-Lists for Affordable Housing Allocation
Authors: Arnosti Nick , Shi Peng 
Published: February 2020

We study a setting in which dynamically arriving items are assigned to waiting agents, who have heterogeneous values for distinct items and heterogeneous outside options. An ideal match would both target items to agents with the worst outside options and match them to items for which they have high value. Our first finding is that two common approaches—using independent lotteries for each item and using a waitlist in which agents lose priority when they reject an offer—lead to identical outcomes in equilibrium. Both approaches encourage agents to accept items that are marginal fits. We show that the quality of the match can be improved by using a common lottery for all items. If participation costs are negligible, a common lottery is equivalent to several other mechanisms, such as limiting participants to a single lottery, using a waitlist in which offers can be rejected without punishment, or using artificial currency. However, when there are many agents with low need, there is an unavoidable trade-off between matching and targeting. In this case, utilitarian welfare may be maximized by focusing on good matching (if the outside option distribution is light tailed) or good targeting (if it is heavy tailed). Using a common lottery achieves near-optimal matching, whereas introducing participation costs achieves near-optimal targeting. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Aplicación de las Metodologías Ágiles al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje universitario
Authors: Martín Gómez Sonia 
Published: February 2020

Aquesta proposta d'innovació docent té com a objectiu el de dinamitzar i apropar al món empresarial l'ensenyament en l'assignatura de sis crèdits Gestió i organització d'Empreses II, cursada en el quart semestre dels diferents graus que s'ofereixen a la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad San Pablo-CEU, de forma que l'alumne participi de forma més activa del que fins ara venia fent i s'impliqui en la solució dels problemes d'empreses reals plantejats a l'aula. Amb aquesta finalitat s'utilizaran metodologies àgils i innovacions tecnològiques, que permetin aplicar de forma pràctica l'aprenentatge basat en projectes (APB).Per a la seva implementació es proposa la resolució d'un cas de producció per tallers, mitjançant la formació d'equips àgils, utilitzant Scrum i Kanban, fent servir per al darrer, l'aplicació Trello. L'enfoc iteratiu i incremental d'aquesta metodologia permetrà que l'alumne conegui de forma senzilla i pràctica conceptes que creixen en quant a la seva complexitat, segons es va evolucionant en la resolució del mateix.Per a l'assignatura en qüestió, el desenvolupament de la solució es farà en cinc iteracions o sprints, afegint a cada iteració nous resultats d'aprenentatge, que permetin aconseguir les competències marcades en la matèria.
Tipologías de estudiantes de Fisioterapia según el uso que hacen del campus virtual
Authors: Álvarez Vázquez Mª Pilar , Álvarez-Méndez Ana , Bravo-Llatas Carmen , Cristóbal Barrios Jesús , Angulo Carrere Mª Teresa 
Published: February 2020

Presentem en aquest article els resultats obtinguts un cop processats els registres de l'espai virtual creat a la plataforma Moodle per a l'assignatura “Anatomía Humana III”, del grau en Fisioteràpia. L'anàlisi es dugué a terme utilitzant el software lliure per a la computació estadística i gràfics RStudio, un entorn de desenvolupament integrat per al llenguatge de programació R. Un total de 19.611 registres corresponents a l'activitat realitzada al llarg del curs acadèmic 2017/18 van ser depurats, fets anònims i posteriorment analitzats. Les variables quantitatives escollides varen ser el nombre total de visites per dia al curso virtual, la mitjana de la freqüència de visites a l'assignatura virtual per dia de la setmana i hora del dia i per mesos, el nombre d'accessos a recursos, autoavaluacions i a URLs. A més, es va realitzar l'anàlisi estadística de les dades amb el software IBM SPSS v.25, comparant l'ús del campus virtual amb el rendiment acadèmic. Es varen fer proves de correlació de Spearman no paramètriques i arbres de decisió amb dos criteris de tall. Els resultats obtinguts van mostrar que el rendiment acadèmic dels estudiants d'aquesta assignatura està influenciat per l'ús que fan del campus virtual. D'aquesta manera, s'ha vist que els alumnes amb qualificació inferior a cinc punts sobre deu, van presentar menor activitat en la plataforma Moodle, en totes les variables analitzades. Per contra, els estudiants amb qualificacions entre vuit i deu punts sobre deu, van mostrar una activitat significativament major al campus virtual, especialment en el nombre de visites i recursos utilitzats.
Digitalisierung und Teilhabe an Arbeit
Authors: Richter Caroline 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Einführung und Nutzung von Technologien erzeugt auch im Sozialwesen neue, zum Teil feldspezifische Herausforderungen. Diese zeigen sich beispielhaft in Werkstätten für Menschen mit Behinderung (WfbM), einem mit deutschlandweit rund 730 Einrichtungen und über 310.000 arbeitnehmerähnlich Beschäftigten großen Bereich zur Sicherung der Teilhabe an Arbeit. Dieser ist durch sein spezifisches Tripelmandat aus Rehabilitation, Inklusion und Wirtschaftlichkeit in hohem Maße mit dem Dilemma zwischen individualisierter Fürsorge, effizienter Produktion und Vermittlung auf den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt konfrontiert. Auf Basis einer Fallstudie in einer WfbM werden feldspezifische Deutungen, Herausforderungen und Umgangsweisen im Zusammenhang mit digitalen Transformationsprozessen beschrieben und auf das Tripelmandat unter Bedingungen von Digitalisierung bzw. Technologisierung bezogen.
Reconceptualizing register in a continuous situational space
Authors: Biber Douglas , Egbert Jesse , Keller Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCorpus-based methods for the quantitative linguistic description of registers are well established. In contrast, situational analyses of registers have been based on qualitative descriptions of categorical situational characteristics. In the present study, we address this inconsistency by describing the variation among texts and registers in a continuous (quantitative) situational space. We describe “registers” as categorical constructs – culturally recognized categories of texts – but propose that they should be described in continuous terms. Such descriptions allow quantitative comparisons of registers, as well as analysis of the extent to which a register is well-delimited in terms of its situational characteristics.Applying this analytical framework, we also explore a deeper issue: the possibility that some texts are not instantiations of any culturally-recognized register category. Both issues are tackled through analysis of a corpus of web documents. We first identify quantitative situational dimensions of variation, employing the methods of multi-dimensional (MD) analysis. We then describe how the situational characteristics of texts and registers can be analyzed in a continuous MD space. And finally, we propose analysis ofsituational text types– categories that are statistically well-defined in their situational characteristics – as an approach to describing all texts, including texts that do not belong to a culturally recognized register category.
Phase transformation involved in the reduction process of magnesium oxide in calcined dolomite by ferrosilicon with additive of aluminum
Authors: Ma Hongzhou , Wang Zhixian , Wang Yaoning , Wang Dingding 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetal magnesium is mainly produced from the calcined dolomite by the silicothermic production. However, in this process, the reduction temperature is higher while the reaction speed is slow, which results in higher energy consumption and serious environmental problems. In this paper, adding aluminum into the ferrosilicon reducing agent is expected to lower the reaction temperature so as to solve the problems above. The phase transition involved in the whole reduction process including with and without aluminum addition were investigated in details by theoretical calculation and experimental research. The influence of aluminum on the magnesium oxide reduction path was analysis to clarify the internal mechanism. The results show that aluminum added into the ferrosilicon would first react with magnesium oxide to form magnesium vapor and alumina under vacuum pressure of 10 Pa when the temperature rises to 720°C. Then, calcium aluminate would be formed by the reaction of aluminum oxide and calcium oxide. Once the temperature reaches 1150°C, silicon begins to reduce the magnesium oxide to create the silicon oxide that will finally react with calcium oxide to form calcium silicate. When the temperature rises above 1150°C, both the aluminum and silicon will participate in the reduction of magnesium oxide. In the process of heating up, the mixture of aluminum, ferrosilicon and calcined dolomite forms Mg2Al4Si5O18 and Ca3Al2(OH)12 phase with the components in calcined dolomite. Mg2Al4Si5O18 and Ca3Al2(OH)12 phase finally form Ca12Al14O33 phase. The interaction between aluminum and ferrosilicon in the mixture is less; the mixture of aluminum and ferrosilicon first forms Al3FeSi2 phase, and finally has the trend of forming Al4.5FeSi phase. There is a great difference between the phase transformation of aluminum in the mixture of aluminum, ferrosilicon and calcined dolomite and that of aluminum in the mixture of aluminum and ferrosilicon.
Towards a Theoretical Framework for Social Impact Bonds
Authors: Albertson Kevin , Fox Chris , O’Leary Chris , Painter Gary 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Governments in some of the world’s richest nations appear to be caught in a double challenge of declining social budgets even as social needs are increasing. In this context, Outcomes Based Commissioning (OBC), has been suggested as one way in which ‘more’ social services can be provided for ‘less’ public resources. This form of commissioning is often linked with a new financing tool for social services, referred to in the US as ‘Pay for Success and Payment by Results in the UK or as a ‘Social Impact Bond’ (SIB). However, to date, this approach is under-theorised and this is a limiting factor both for shaping a research and evaluation agenda around SIBs and in understanding how such instruments might develop in future. Without a theoretical rationale for SIBs, it is not straightforward to assess whether, and how well, they have achieved their goals, and how they might be developed further. In this paper we consider two broad approaches to theorising SIBs. One draws on public administration theories, the other on innovation theories. To date, SIBs have often been theorised as the logical next step in the New Public Management (NPM). But NPM itself is a contested theory and recent theoretical innovations in public administration, particularly the concept of New Public Governance might provide a more useful theoretical framework. A second broad approach through which to understand SIBs is their potential to improve the rate and dissemination of innovation. There are many different innovation models that might be applied to better understanding of SIBs. We look first at the concept of Open Innovation with its focus on distributed innovation processes in which knowledge flows across organisational boundaries and more recent articulations – Open Innovation 2.0 – which place greater emphasis on mixed economy collabarations involving: industry; government; universities; and communities and users (the so-called ‘quadruple helix’) to solve societal challenges. We go on to consider social innovation, with its clearer focus on using social means to deliver social outcomes and whether SIBs can be theorised through this lens. No one model is entirely satisfactory as an explanatory framework for SIBs and we conclude by suggesting that a supporting theory combining NPG with elements of Open Innovation 2.0 and social innovation might be a productive approach for shaping future research and, in addition, might suggest some future directions for the next generation of SIBs.