bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Anthracene‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework for Selective Photo‐Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid Coupled with Water Oxidation
Authors: SK Mostakim , Barman Soumitra , Paul Shounik , De Ratnadip , Sreejith S. S. , Reinsch Helge , Grzywa Maciej , Stock Norbert , Volkmer Dirk , Biswas Shyam , Roy Soumyajit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA Zr‐based metal‐organic framework has been synthesized and employed as a catalyst for photochemical carbon dioxide reduction coupled with water oxidation. The catalyst shows significant carbon dioxide reduction property with concomitant water oxidation. The catalyst has broad visible light as well as UV light absorption property, which is further confirmed from electronic absorption spectroscopy. Formic acid was the only reduced product from carbon dioxide with a turn‐over frequency (TOF) of 0.69 h−1 in addition to oxygen, which was produced with a TOF of 0.54 h−1. No external photosensitizer is used and the ligand itself acts as the light harvester. The efficient and selective photochemical carbon dioxide reduction to formic acid with concomitant water oxidation using Zr‐based MOF as catalyst is thus demonstrated here.
EarthCube Data Discovery Studio: A gateway into geoscience data discovery and exploration with Jupyter notebooks
Authors: Valentine David , Zaslavsky Ilya , Richard Stephen , Meier Ouida , Hudman Gary , Peucker‐Ehrenbrink Bernhard , Stocks Karen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEarthCube Data Discovery Studio (DDStudio) is a crossdomain geoscience data discovery and exploration portal. It indexes over 1.65 million metadata records harvested from 40+ sources and utilizes a configurable metadata augmentation pipeline to enhance metadata content, using text analytics and an integrated geoscience ontology. Metadata enhancers add keywords with identifiers that map resources to science domains, geospatial features, measured variables, and other characteristics. The pipeline extracts spatial location and temporal references from metadata to generate structured spatial and temporal extents, maintaining provenance of each metadata enhancement, and allowing user validation. The semantically enhanced metadata records are accessible as standard ISO 19115/19139 XML documents via standard search interfaces. A search interface supports spatial, temporal, and text‐based search, as well as functionality for users to contribute, standardize, and update resource descriptions, and to organize search results into shareable collections. DDStudio bridges resource discovery and exploration by letting users launch Jupyter notebooks residing on several platforms for any discovered datasets or dataset collection. DDStudio demonstrates how linking search results from the catalog directly to software tools and environments reduces time to science in a series of examples from several geoscience domains. URL: datadiscoverystudio.org
In vivo targeting of miR‐223 in experimental eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Collison Adam M , Sokulsky Leon A , Nightingale Scott , Percival Elizabeth , LeFevre Anna , Meredith Joseph , Krauss Sybille , Foster Paul S , Mattes Joerg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesEosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is characterised by oesophageal inflammation, fibrosis and dysfunction. Micro (mi)‐RNAs interfere with pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic transcriptional programs, and miR‐223 was upregulated in oesophageal mucosal biopsy specimens from EoE patients. The therapeutic potential of modulating miR‐223 expression in vivo has not been determined. We aimed to elucidate the relevance of oesophageal miR‐223 expression in an in vivo model of EoE by inhibiting miR‐223 tissue expression.MethodsThe expression of miR‐223 and the validated miR‐223 target insulin‐like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) protein was determined in our paediatric cohort of EoE patients. A murine model of Aspergillus fumigatus‐induced EoE was employed, and oesophagi were assessed for miR‐233, IGF1R, T lymphocyte type 2 (T2) cytokine expression and eosinophil infiltration. Mice were treated with antagomirs targeting miR‐223 or resveratrol targeting its upstream regulator Midline‐1(MID‐1).ResultsThere was an inverse relationship between an increased expression of miR‐223 and a decreased IGF1R protein concentration in biopsy specimens from EoE patients. TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand deficiency, MID‐1 inhibition and resveratrol treatment suppressed miR‐223 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of miR‐223 and treatment with resveratrol in the oesophagus resulted in an amelioration of EoE hallmark features including eosinophilic infiltration, oesophageal circumference and a reduction in T2 cytokine expression.ConclusionmiR‐223 has a key role in the perpetuation of EoE hallmark features downstream of TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand and MID‐1 in an experimental model. These studies highlight a potentially critical role of miRNA function in EoE aetiology. miR‐223 expression in the oesophagus may be therapeutically modulated by resveratrol, providing a potential new therapeutic option to be explored in EoE patients for this increasingly prevalent condition.
Plant–soil interactions limit lifetime fitness outside a native plant’s geographic range margin
Authors: Benning John W. , Moeller David A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlant species’ distributions are often thought to overwhelmingly reflect their climatic niches. However, climate represents only a fraction of the n‐dimensional environment to which plant populations adapt, and studies are increasingly uncovering strong effects of nonclimatic factors on species’ distributions. We used a manipulative, factorial field experiment to quantify the effects of soil environment and precipitation (the putatively overriding climatic factor) on plant lifetime fitness outside the geographic range boundary of a native California annual plant. We grew plants outside the range edge in large mesocosms filled with soil from either within or outside the range, and plants were subjected to either a low (ambient) or high (supplemental) spring precipitation treatment. Soil environment had large effects on plant lifetime fitness that were similar in magnitude to the effects of precipitation. Moreover, mean fitness of plants grown with within‐range soil in the low precipitation treatment approximated that of plants grown with beyond‐range soil in the high precipitation treatment. The positive effects of within‐range soil persisted in the second, wetter year of the experiment, though the magnitude of the soil effect was smaller than in the first, drier year. These results are the first we know of to quantify the effects of edaphic variation on plant lifetime fitness outside a geographic range limit and highlight the need to include factors other than climate in models of species’ distributions.
Assessing the impact of taxon resolution on network structure
Authors: Hemprich‐Bennett David R. , Oliveira Hernani F. M. , Le Comber Steven C. , Rossiter Stephen J. , Clare Elizabeth L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractConstructing ecological networks has become an indispensable approach in understanding how different taxa interact. However, the methods used to generate data in network research vary widely among studies, potentially limiting our ability to compare results meaningfully. In particular, methods of classifying nodes vary in their precision, likely altering the architecture of the network studied. For example, rather than being classified as Linnaean species, taxa are regularly assigned to morphospecies in observational studies, or to molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) in molecular studies, with the latter defined based on an arbitrary threshold of sequence similarity. Although the use of MOTUs in ecological networks holds great potential, especially for allowing rapid construction of large data sets of interactions, it is unclear how the choice of clustering threshold can influence the conclusions obtained. To test the impact of taxonomic precision on network architecture, we obtained and analyzed 16 data sets of ecological interactions, inferred from metabarcoding and observations. Our comparisons of networks constructed under a range of sequence thresholds for assigning taxa demonstrate that even small changes in node resolution can cause wide variation in almost all key metric values. Moreover, relative values of commonly used metrics such as robustness were seen to fluctuate continuously with node resolution, thereby potentially causing error in conclusions drawn when comparing multiple networks. In observational networks, we found that changing node resolution could, in some cases, lead to substantial changes to measurements of network topology. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of classifying nodes to the greatest precision possible, and demonstrate the need for caution when comparing networks that differ with respect to node resolution, even where taxonomic groups and interaction types are similar. In such cases, we recommend that comparisons of networks should focus on relative differences rather than absolute values between the networks studied.
Pervasive and persistent effects of ant invasion and fragmentation on native ant assemblages
Authors: Achury Rafael , Holway David A. , Suarez Andrew V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiological invasions are a leading cause of global change, yet their long‐term effects remain hard to predict. Invasive species can remain abundant for long periods of time, or exhibit population crashes that allow native communities to recover. The abundance and impact of nonnative species may also be closely tied to temporally variable habitat characteristics. We investigated the long‐term effects of habitat fragmentation and invasion by the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) by resurveying ants in 40 scrub habitat fragments in coastal southern California that were originally sampled 21 yr ago. At a landscape scale, fragment area, but not fragment age or Argentine ant mean abundance, continued to explain variation in native ant species richness; the species–area relationship between the two sample years did not differ in terms of slope or intercept. At local scales, over the last 21 yr we detected increases in the overall area invaded (+36.7%, estimated as the proportion of occupied traps) and the relative abundance of the Argentine ant (+121.95%, estimated as mean number of workers in pitfall traps). Argentine ant mean abundance also increased inward from urban edges in 2017 compared to 1996. The greater level of penetration into fragments likely reduced native ant richness by eliminating refugia for native ants in fragments that did not contain sufficient interior area. At one fragment where we sampled eight times over the last 21 yr, Argentine ant mean abundance increased over time while the diversity of native ground‐foraging ants declined from 14 to 4 species. Notably, native species predicted to be particularly sensitive to the combined effect of invasion and habitat loss were not detected at any sites in our recent sampling, including the army ant genus Neivamyrmex. Conversely, two introduced ant species (Brachymyrmex patagonicus and Pheidole flavens) that were undetected in 1996 are now common and widespread at our sites. Our results indicate that behaviorally and numerically dominant invasive species can maintain high densities and suppress native diversity for extended periods.
Digital biodiversity data sets reveal breeding phenology and its drivers in a widespread North American mammal
Authors: McLean Bryan S. , Guralnick Robert P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractShifts in reproductive timing are among the most commonly documented responses of organisms to global climate change. However, our knowledge of these responses is biased towards taxa that are easily observable and abundant in existing biodiversity data sets. Mammals are common subjects in reproductive biology, but mammalian phenology and its drivers in the wild remain poorly understood because many species are small, secretive, or too labor‐intensive to monitor. We took an informatics‐based approach to reconstructing breeding phenology in the widespread North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) using individual‐level reproductive observations from digitized museum specimens and field censuses spanning >100 yr and >45 degrees of latitude. We reconstructed female phenology in different regions and tested the importance of three environmental variables (photoperiod, temperature, precipitation) as breeding cues. Photoperiod and temperature were strong positive and negative breeding cues, respectively, whereas precipitation was not a significant predictor of breeding phenology. However, phenologies and the use of environmental cues varied substantially among regions, and we found evidence that these cueing repertoires are tuned to ecosystem‐specific limiting conditions. Our results reiterate the importance of ecological context in optimizing reproduction and demonstrate how harmonization across biodiversity data resources allows new insight into phenology and its drivers in wild mammals.
Co‐cultivation of diazotrophic terrestrial cyanobacteria and Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Strieth Dorina , Di Nonno Sarah , Stiefelmaier Judith , Kollmen Jonas , Geib Doris , Ulber Roland 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiazotrophic cyanobacteria are able to fix N2 from the atmosphere and release it as bioavailable nitrogen what other organisms can utilize. Thus, they could be used as living nitrogen supplier whereby the use of fertilizer could be reduced in agricultural industry what results in a decrease of laughing gas released during fertilizer production. The diazotroph cyanobacterium Desmonostoc muscorum (D. muscorum) was characterized in shake flasks cultivated in nitrogen‐free and nitrogen‐containing medium. Similar growth rates were reached in both cultivations and the release of ammonium by D. muscorum was detected under nitrogen depletion. Subsequently, D. muscorum was co‐cultivated with Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) in nitrogen‐free medium. Additionally, the plant was cultivated in nitrogen containing and nitrogen‐free medium without D. muscorum as reference. A co‐cultivation led to higher growth rates of the cyanobacterium and similar growth of A. thaliana with similar maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II compared to the growth of nitrogen containing medium. Further, accumulation of cyanobacterial cells around the roots of A. thaliana was detected, indicating a successfully induced artificial symbiosis. Based on these results, D. muscorum could be a promising cyanobacterium as living nitrogen supplier for plants.
Techno‐economic planning of local energy systems through optimization models: a survey of current methods
Authors: Cuisinier Etienne , Bourasseau Cyril , Ruby Alain , Lemaire Pierre , Penz Bernard 
Published: November 2020

SummaryEnergy system planning is a difficult task, since it involves long‐term decision‐makings with multiple dimensions: technical, economic, social, ecological, and political. The rise of distributed and multi‐energy systems including new technologies has further increased this complexity. Techno‐economic studies based on optimization models have recently received much attention in the literature. They are essential to grasp energy systems complexity and provide decision support. This work targets methodological issues related to local systems while comparing them with methods used at larger scales. First, a new framework providing a comprehensive vision of added values and limits of optimization models is presented. Then, the main methodological trends as well as several undertaken research paths are identified based on the analysis of more than 60 research papers. The review results are summarized in a complete and concise table. Finally, future research topics are discussed including the operational facets of investment optimization models in case of high intermittent energy shares, flexibility issues and long‐term operational decisions. The results provide useful information to modellers or researchers that look for appropriate and state‐of‐the‐art optimization methods, or aim to deepen current research paths. Hence, they will facilitate the planning and development of energy systems for the future.
Impacts of Neonicotinoids on the Bumble Bees Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens Examined through the Lens of an Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework
Authors: Camp Allison A. , Lehmann David M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bumble bees (Bombus sp.) are important pollinators for agricultural systems and natural landscapes and have faced population declines globally in recent decades. Neonicotinoid pesticides have been implicated as one of the reasons for the population reductions in bumble bees and other pollinators due to their widespread use, specificity to the invertebrate nervous system, and toxicity to bees. Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are used to describe the mechanism of action of a toxicant through sequential levels of biological organization to understand the key events that occur for a given adverse outcome. We used the AOP framework to organize and present the current literature available on the impacts of neonicotinoids on bumble bees. The present review focuses on Bombus terrestris and B. impatiens, the 2 most commonly studied bumble bees due to their commercial availability. Our review does not seek to describe an AOP for the molecular initiating event shared by neonicotinoids, but rather aims to summarize the current literature and determine data gaps for the Bombus research community to address. Overall, we highlight a great need for additional studies, especially those examining cellular and organ responses in bumble bees exposed to neonicotinoids. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:309–322. © 2020 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Security challenges of blockchain in Internet of things: Systematic literature review
Authors: Ye Chong , Cao Wenting , Chen Shijun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince security is the most important issue in the Internet of things (IoT) and blockchain (BC), this article aims to identify, analyze, and organize the literature about security in the IoT and BC context up to August 2020 and proposes an agenda for future research. The 39 related articles have been ranked into three main categories, smart city, data management and information, and architecture and framework. The findings showed that the distinctive technical aspects of BC might impressively find a solution for privacy and security problems encountering the IoT development, supply distributed storage, transparency, trust, and other support for IoT. It is conducted to form a valid, impressive, and secure distributed IoT network and supply a beneficial guarantee for the security of IoT users. Since the devices of IoT are simply reachable, a BC‐depended solution can be executed, which may certify the confidentiality and safety of the info preserved in the devices. In addition, BC technology facilitates the secure sharing of IoT datasets and secure IoT systems. However, blockchains require more computational strength and high bandwidth and are not perfectly proper for many resource‐restricted IoT devices.
Forecasting systemic risk in portfolio selection: The role of technical trading rules
Authors: Kouaissah Noureddine , Hocine Amin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes and implements methods for determining whether incorporating technical trading rules accurately forecasts systemic risk and improves the performance of out‐of‐sample portfolios. The proposed methodology considers various trading rules for forecasting and addressing potential systemic risk in portfolio selection problems. The method incorporates major trading rules as early warning systems or alarm rules to detect market failure within diverse reward–risk measures. Methodologically, the alarm rules are integrated into portfolio selection strategies that predict returns using multifactor models. Therefore, the portfolio strategies combine the predictive ability of both technical trading rules and multifactor models. Empirical analyses validate the suggested approaches and evaluate the impacts of different technical trading rules on portfolio selection problems. This paper compares the ex ante sample paths of several portfolio strategies aiming to maximize portfolio wealth using either reward–risk or drawdown‐based performance measures. The results show that the proposed methodologies outperform the classic approach in terms of out‐of‐sample performance.
Evaluation of opioid prescription patterns among patients undergoing thyroid surgery
Authors: McCrary Hilary C. , Newberry Christopher I. , Casazza Geoffrey C. , Cannon Richard B. , Ramirez Alexander L. , Meier Jeremy D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is variability in opioid prescription patterns among surgeons performing thyroidectomy. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate opioid prescription rates and opioid use among hemithyroidectomy (HT) and total thyroidectomy (TT) patients.Design/MethodAn electronic postoperative survey was distributed to assess opiate use among patients undergoing HT/TT. Groups were compared using t‐tests, chi‐square tests, and analysis of variance.ResultsA total of 142 opiate naïve patients were included, of which 75 (52.8%) underwent HT and 67 (47.1%) underwent TT. The mean number of tablets prescribed was 21.3 (HT = 22.1, TT = 20.4; P = 0.3), with a mean of 14.1 tablets unused after surgery (HT = 13.2 tablets, TT = 15.0 tablets; P = 0.44). The mean morphine milligram equivalent (MME) prescribed was 150.1 mg (HT = 159.0 mg, TT = 140.2 mg; P = 0.3), with a mean of 98.2 MME unused after surgery (HT = 93.7 mg, TT = 103.2 mg; P = 0.6).ConclusionsOpioids are overprescribed after thyroid surgery. Avoidance of overprescribing is vital in mitigating the current opioid crisis.
A job rotation‐scheduling model for blue‐collar employees' hand–arm vibration levels in manufacturing firms
Authors: Adem Aylin , Dağdeviren Metin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractJob rotation schedules are generally conducted without considering hand–arm vibration (HAV) exposure especially in manufacturing firms, such as heavy industry, which confront ergonomic risks easily. This does not create any occupational health and safety (OHS) issues in the short term; however, certain occupational diseases such as the white finger disease are inevitable in the long‐term. This paper investigates how the risks of developing HAV‐related occupational diseases can be minimized by producing optimal job rotation schedules using ergonomic mathematical models. In the proposed models, both ergonomic and traditional aspects of manufacturing environments are considered. Moreover, the skill level and workers' day off preferences are also considered for total system efficiency. The mixed‐integer programming approach is used to formulate the models. The applicability of the models is tested using real‐world data. It is seen that the total assignment cost of the models increases when the ergonomic aims are included in the models. Thus, there is a conflicting relationship between economic and ergonomic aims. The main findings of the models show that the employees' HAV exposure level can be kept under control with one simple constraint. By employing these models, employees and employers can be protected in terms of not only OHS but also economic issues.