bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pattern Recognition Algorithm for Quantum Annealers
Authors: Bapst Frédéric , Bhimji Wahid , Calafiura Paolo , Gray Heather , Lavrijsen Wim , Linder Lucy , Smith Alex 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe reconstruction of charged particles will be a key computing challenge for the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) where increased data rates lead to a large increase in running time for current pattern recognition algorithms. An alternative approach explored here expresses pattern recognition as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), which allows algorithms to be run on classical and quantum annealers. While the overall timing of the proposed approach and its scaling has still to be measured and studied, we demonstrate that, in terms of efficiency and purity, the same physics performance of the LHC tracking algorithms can be achieved. More research will be needed to achieve comparable performance in HL-LHC conditions, as increasing track density decreases the purity of the QUBO track segment classifier.
How derivation modes and halting conditions may influence the computational power of P systems
Authors: Freund Rudolf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the area of P systems, besides the standard maximally parallel derivation mode, many other derivation modes have been investigated, too. In this overview paper, many variants of hierarchical P systems using different derivation modes are considered and the effects of using different derivation modes, especially the maximally parallel derivation modes and the maximally parallel set derivation modes, on the generative and accepting power are illustrated. Moreover, an overview on some control mechanisms used for P systems is given. Furthermore, besides the standard total halting, we also consider different halting conditions such as unconditional halting and partial halting and explain how the use of different halting conditions may considerably change the computing power of P systems.
Fire and “Noise” in Late Paleolithic Camps: an Investigation of Issues in Locating Hearths
Authors: Sobkowiak-Tabaka Iwona , Diachenko Aleksandr 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe acidic sandy environment of the Late Paleolithic sites on the North European Plain usually prevents preservation of not only organic debris such as burnt bones or charcoal but also heat-altered sediments or ash. Therefore, chemical analyses cannot be applied to identify traces of open fires. Instead, the detection of the location of hearths is approached through spatial statistics. This paper tests the utility of the methods which are most widely applied to solve the related research questions. Our analysis is accompanied by case studies on hearths at Late Paleolithic sites in Western Poland related to the Federmesser and Swiderian cultures. The discussion of the quadrant count method and kernel density analysis, ring and sector model, and nearest neighbor statistics show that the last named model is the most appropriate for locating Paleolithic hearths. A number of issues in the application of nearest neighbor statistics may be improved by the additional analysis of the vertical distribution of fire-affected artifacts and development of new approaches for identifying the areas affected by natural or human-made fires in the future.
A Comparative Study of Charging Voltage Curve Analysis and State of Health Estimation of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicle
Authors: Han Xuebing , Feng Xuning , Ouyang Minggao , Lu Languang , Li Jianqiu , Zheng Yuejiu , Li Zhe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLithium-ion (Li-ion) cells degrade after repeated cycling and the cell capacity fades while its resistance increases. Degradation of Li-ion cells is caused by a variety of physical and chemical mechanisms and it is strongly influenced by factors including the electrode materials used, the working conditions and the battery temperature. At present, charging voltage curve analysis methods are widely used in studies of battery characteristics and the constant current charging voltage curves can be used to analyze battery aging mechanisms and estimate a battery’s state of health (SOH) via methods such as incremental capacity (IC) analysis. In this paper, a method to fit and analyze the charging voltage curve based on a neural network is proposed and is compared to the existing point counting method and the polynomial curve fitting method. The neuron parameters of the trained neural network model are used to analyze the battery capacity relative to the phase change reactions that occur inside the batteries. This method is suitable for different types of batteries and could be used in battery management systems for online battery modeling, analysis and diagnosis.
Parental phubbing accelerates depression in late childhood and adolescence:A two‐path model
Authors: Xie Xiaochun , Xie Julan 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionPhubbing is a social exclusion behavior related to mobile phone use. It undermines interpersonal relationships and mental health. This study aimed to test the connections between parental phubbing and depression in late childhood and adolescence, as well as the mediating roles of parental warmth, parental rejection, and relatedness need satisfaction.MethodsWe conducted two studies. Study 1 was a cross‐sectional study of 530 Chinese students (268 boys and 262 girls, Mage = 13.15 ± 0.64 years) who completed self‐report questionnaires. We conducted structural modeling to test the relationship between parental phubbing and depression. Study 2 used a short longitudinal design to validate the results of Study 1 and test the mediating roles of parental warmth, parental rejection, and relatedness need satisfaction. In Study 2, we recruited 293 Chinese students (151 boys, 141 girls, and one participant with no reported gender information, M age = 12.87 ± 0.74 years) to complete the questionnaires and applied structural equation modeling to analyze the data.ResultsTwo sequential mediation effects were found. The first was parental phubbing → parental warmth → relatedness need satisfaction → depression (protection‐reduced effect). The second was parental phubbing → parental rejection → relatedness need satisfaction → depression (risk‐increased effect). Gender differences were non‐significant.ConclusionsThe study revealed that parental phubbing was associated with students’ depression in late childhood and adolescence through two paths. The present study highlights the need to establish family norms regulating mobile phone use to reduce phubbing.
Synaptic biomarkers in CSF aid in diagnosis, correlate with cognition and predict progression in MCI and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Galasko Douglas , Xiao Meifang , Xu Desheng , Smirnov Denis , Salmon David P. , Dewit Nele , Vanbrabant Jeroen , Jacobs Dirk , Vanderstichele Hugo , Vanmechelen Eugeen ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Worley Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionAmyloid, Tau, and neurodegeneration biomarkers can stage Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Synaptic biomarkers may help track cognition.MethodsIn cognitively normal controls, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD, we investigated CSF biomarkers in relation to cognitive measures and as predictors of cognitive and global decline.ResultsThere were 90 normal controls (mean age 73.0, 58% women), 57 MCI (mean age 74.3, 35% women), and 46 AD (mean age 70.7, 41% women). CSF Aβ1‐42 and Neuronal Pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) were decreased, and CSF Tau, neurogranin, and SNAP25 increased in AD versus controls. Aβ1‐42/Tau or NPTX2/Tau discriminated AD and controls best. NPTX2/Tau correlated strongly with cognition in AD and MCI and predicted a 2–3‐year decline. We replicated findings in the ADNI cohort.DiscussionCSF synaptic biomarkers, particularly NPTX2, which regulates synaptic homeostasis, relate to cognition and predict progression in AD beyond Aβ1‐42 and Tau. This is relevant for prognosis and clinical trials.
Elution efficiency of healthcare pathogens from environmental sampling tools
Authors: West-Deadwyler Rolieria M. , Moulton-Meissner Heather A. , Rose Laura J. , Noble-Wang Judith A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStandardizing healthcare surface sampling requires the evaluation of sampling tools for organism adherence. Here, 7 sampling tools were evaluated to assess their elution efficiencies in the presence of 5 pathogens. Foam sponges (80.6%), microfiber wipes (80.5%), foam swabs (77.9%), and cellulose sponges (66.5%) yielded the highest median elution efficiencies.
Hinge and ecomorphology of Legumen Conrad, 1858 (Bivalvia, Veneridae), and the contraction of venerid morphospace following the end-Cretaceous extinction
Authors: Collins Katie S. , Edie Stewart M. , Jablonski David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Veneridae are the most speciose modern family of bivalves, and one of the most morphologically conservative and homoplastic, making subfamily- and sometimes even genus-level classification difficult. The widespread Cretaceous genus Legumen Conrad, 1858 is currently placed in the subfamily Tapetinae of the Veneridae, although it more closely resembles the Solenoida (razor clams, Pharidae and Solenidae) in general shell form. Here we provide high-resolution images of the Legumen hinge for the first time. We confirm from hinge morphology that Legumen belongs in Veneridae, but it should be referred to incertae subfamiliae, rather than retained in the Tapetinae, particularly in light of the incomplete and unstable understanding of venerid systematics. Legumen represents a unique hinge dentition and a shell form—and associated life habit—that is absent in the modern Veneridae despite their taxonomic diversity. Veneridae are hyperdiverse in the modern fauna, but strikingly ‘under-disparate,’ having lost forms while gaining species in the long recovery from the end-Cretaceous extinction.
Diaspora Identity and a New Generation: Armenian Diaspora Youth on the Genocide and the Karabakh War
Authors: Chernobrov Dmitry , Wilmers Leila 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, we explore the role of the early 20th-century Armenian genocide and the unresolved Karabakh conflict of the 1990s in identity shaping among the new generation of Armenian diaspora—those who grew up after the establishment of the independent Armenian state in 1991. We draw on original interviews with diasporic youth in France, the United Kingdom, and Russia—diasporas that were largely built in the aftermath of the genocide and the Karabakh war. Diaspora youth relate to these events through transmitted collective memories, but also reconnect with the distant homeland’s past and present in new ways as they engage with new possibilities of transnational digital communication and mobility. Their experiences of identity shed light on how the new generation of diasporic Armenians defines itself in relation to the past; how this past is (re)made present in their interpretations of the Karabakh conflict and in everyday behaviors; and how diasporic youth experience the dilemmas of “moving on” from traumatic narratives that for a long time have been seen as foundational to their identity.
Unravelling Quasi-Continuous 14C Profiles by Laser Ablation AMS
Authors: Yeman C , Christl M , Hattendorf B , Wacker L , Welte C , Brehm N , Synal H-A 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTLaser ablation (LA) accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a novel method for rapid online radiocarbon (14C) analysis of carbonates. The quasi-continuous 14C profiles obtained with this technique demand a customized data evaluation protocol to relate the acquired 14C data to the analyzed sample. We take into account the mixing effects due to the minimal counting (integration) time of the AMS, the finite width of the laser beam and the gas washout of the ablation volume. Thereby we mathematically describe our LA setup with a system function that acts on the produced CO/CO2 (COX) from the sample resulting in a mixing of the 14C profiles obtained by AMS analysis. Furthermore, we analyze the long-term target memory effect in the gas ion source and establish a routine for correction. The correction routine is tested with a stalagmite comprising a growth stop that is analyzed at different scanning velocities indicating that only the slow scanning velocity can provide the necessary resolution to determine the width of the growth stop of 365 μm.
Oral intake of slowly digestible α-glucan, isomaltodextrin, stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in the small intestine of rats
Authors: Komuro Yoshihiko , Kondo Takashi , Hino Shingo , Morita Tatsuya , Nishimura Naomichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo investigate whether oral intake of highly branched α-glucan isomaltodextrin (IMD) could stimulate ileal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, we examined (1) the digestibility of IMD, (2) the digestion and absorption rates of IMD, in rat small intestine and (3) portal GLP-1 concentration in rats given IMD. In Expt 1, ileorectostomised rats were given a 3 % IMD diet for 10 d. Separately, a 16-h in vitro digestion of IMD, using porcine pancreatic α-amylase and brush-border membrane vesicles from rat small intestine, was conducted. In Expt 2, upon 24-h fasting, rats were given any of glucose, IMD and high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) (1 g/kg of body weight). In Expt 3, caecectomised rats were given 0·2 % neomycin sulphate and a 5 % IMD diet for 10 d. The in vivo and in vitro digestibility of IMD was 70–80 %. The fraction of IMD digested in vitro for the first 120 min was 67 % of that in maize starch. The AUC for 0–120 min of plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower in HAMS group and tended to be lower in IMD group than in the glucose group. Finally, we also observed that, when compared with control rats, glucose of IMD significantly stimulated and improved the concentration of portal active GLP-1 in antibiotic-administered, caecectomised rats. We concluded that IMD was slowly digested and the resulting glucose stimulated GLP-1 secretion in rat small intestine. Oral delivery of slowly released IMD glucose to the small intestine probably exerts important, yet unknown, physiological effects on the recipient.
Crazy Like a Fox? Are Leaders with Reputations for Madness More Successful at International Coercion?
Authors: McManus Roseanne W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccording to the ‘Madman Theory’ promoted by Richard Nixon and early rationalist scholars, being viewed as mentally unstable can help a leader coerce foreign adversaries. This article offers the first large-N test of this theory. The author introduces an original perception-based measure of leaders' reputations for madness, coded based on news reports, and analyzes its effect on both general deterrence and crisis bargaining. The study also tests several hypotheses about the conditions under which perceived madness is expected to be more or less helpful. The author finds that perceived madness is harmful to general deterrence and is sometimes also harmful in crisis bargaining, but may be helpful in crisis bargaining under certain conditions. The analysis suggests that the harmful effect of perceived madness results from a commitment problem.
Genetic analysis of activity, brain and behavioral associations in extended families with heavy genetic loading for bipolar disorder
Authors: Vreeker Annabel , Fears Scott C. , Service Susan K. , Pagani Lucia , Takahashi Joseph S. , Araya Carmen , Araya Xinia , Bejarano Julio , Lopez Maria C. , Montoya Gabriel , Montoya Claudia Patricia , Teshiba Terri M. , Escobar Javier , Cantor Rita M. , López-Jaramillo Carlos , Macaya Gabriel , Molina Julio , Reus Victor I. , Sabatti Chiara , Ophoff Roel A. , Freimer Nelson B. , Bearden Carrie E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDisturbed sleep and activity are prominent features of bipolar disorder type I (BP-I). However, the relationship of sleep and activity characteristics to brain structure and behavior in euthymic BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives is unknown. Additionally, underlying genetic relationships between these traits have not been investigated.MethodsRelationships between sleep and activity phenotypes, assessed using actigraphy, with structural neuroimaging (brain) and cognitive and temperament (behavior) phenotypes were investigated in 558 euthymic individuals from multi-generational pedigrees including at least one member with BP-I. Genetic correlations between actigraphy-brain and actigraphy-behavior associations were assessed, and bivariate linkage analysis was conducted for trait pairs with evidence of shared genetic influences.ResultsMore physical activity and longer awake time were significantly associated with increased brain volumes and cortical thickness, better performance on neurocognitive measures of long-term memory and executive function, and less extreme scores on measures of temperament (impulsivity, cyclothymia). These associations did not differ between BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives. For nine activity-brain or activity-behavior pairs there was evidence for shared genetic influence (genetic correlations); of these pairs, a suggestive bivariate quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7 for wake duration and verbal working memory was identified.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that increased physical activity and more adequate sleep are associated with increased brain size, better cognitive function and more stable temperament in BP-I patients and their non-BP-I relatives. Additionally, we found evidence for pleiotropy of several actigraphy-behavior and actigraphy-brain phenotypes, suggesting a shared genetic basis for these traits.
Hepatic gene expression explains primary drug toxicity in bipolar disorder
Authors: Birkl-Toeglhofer Anna Maria , Birkl Christoph , Llenos Ida Cirila , Weis Serge , Haybaeck Johannes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn bipolar disorder (BPD), long-term psychotropic drug treatment is often necessary to prevent relapse or recurrence. Nevertheless, adverse drug effects including disturbances in hepatic metabolism are observed and still poorly understood. Here, the association between hepatic gene expression and histopathological changes of the liver was investigated. By the use of microarrays (Affymetrix U133 plus2.0), a genome-wide expression study was performed on BPD patients with psychotropic drug treatment (n = 29) compared to unaffected controls (n = 20) and validated by quantitative real-time PCR. WebGestalt was used to identify over-represented functional pathways of the Reactome database. Association analyses between histopathological changes and differentially expressed genes comprised in the over-represented functional pathways were performed using regression analyses, from which feature-expression heatmaps were drawn. The majority of identified genes were underexpressed and involved in energy supply, metabolism of lipids and proteins, and the innate immune system. Positive associations were found for genes involved in all pathways and degenerative changes. The strongest negative association was observed between genes involved in energy supply and hepatic activity, as well as inflammation. In summary, we found a possible association between gene expression involved in various biological pathways and histopathological changes of the liver in BPD. Further, we found support for the probable primary toxic effect of psychotropic drugs on hepatic injury in BPD. Even if the safety of psychotropic drugs improves, adverse effects especially on hepatic function should not be underestimated.
The depression GWAS risk allele predicts smaller cerebellar gray matter volume and reduced SIRT1 mRNA expression in Chinese population
Authors: Liu Weipeng , Yan Hao , Zhou Danyang , Cai Xin , Zhang Yuyanan , Li Shiyi , Li Huijuan , Li Shiwu , Zhou Dong-Sheng , Li Xingxing , Zhang Chen , Sun Yan , Dai Jia-Pei , Zhong Jingmei , Yao Yong-Gang , Luo Xiong-Jian , Fang Yiru , Zhang Dai , Ma Yina , Yue Weihua , Li Ming , Xiao Xiao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is recognized as a primary cause of disability worldwide, and effective management of this illness has been a great challenge. While genetic component is supposed to play pivotal roles in MDD pathogenesis, the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the illness has hampered the discovery of its genetic determinants. In this study, in an independent Han Chinese sample (1824 MDD cases and 3031 controls), we conducted replication analyses of two genetic loci highlighted in a previous Chinese MDD genome-wide association study (GWAS), and confirmed the significant association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12415800 near SIRT1. Subsequently, using hypothesis-free whole-brain analysis in two independent Han Chinese imaging samples, we found that individuals carrying the MDD risk allele of rs12415800 exhibited aberrant gray matter volume in the left posterior cerebellar lobe compared with those carrying the non-risk allele. Besides, in independent Han Chinese postmortem brain and peripheral blood samples, the MDD risk allele of rs12415800 predicted lower SIRT1 mRNA levels, which was consistent with the reduced expression of this gene in MDD patients compared with healthy subjects. These results provide further evidence for the involvement of SIRT1 in MDD, and suggest that this gene might participate in the illness via affecting the development of cerebellum, a brain region that is potentially underestimated in previous MDD studies.
Childhood stress impairs social function through AVP-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Brydges Nichola M. , Hall Jessica , Best Caroline , Rule Lowenna , Watkin Holly , Drake Amanda J. , Lewis Catrin , Thomas Kerrie L. , Hall Jeremy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImpaired social function is a core feature of many psychiatric illnesses. Adverse experiences during childhood increase risk for mental illness, however it is currently unclear whether stress early in life plays a direct role in the development of social difficulties. Using a rat model of pre-pubertal stress (PPS), we investigated effects on social behaviour, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the periphery (plasma) and centrally in the paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei. We also explored social performance and AVP expression (plasma) in participants with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who experienced a high incidence of childhood stress. Social behaviour was impaired and AVP expression increased in animals experiencing PPS and participants with BPD. Behavioural deficits in animals were rescued through administration of the AVPR1a antagonist Relcovaptan (SR49059). AVP levels and recognition of negative emotions were significantly correlated in BPD participants only. In conclusion, early life stress plays a role in the precipitation of social dysfunction, and AVP mediates at least part of this effect.