bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The early Cenomanian crippsi Event at Lüneburg (Germany): palaeontological and stratigraphical significance of a widespread Late Cretaceous bioevent
Authors: Wilmsen Markus , Schumacher Detlef , Niebuhr Birgit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe early CenomaniancrippsiEvent comprises a 1–3-m-thick interval characterised by mass occurrences of the early Cenomanian inoceramidGnesioceramus crippsi, identified in the uppermostSharpeiceras schlueteriSubzone (lower lower CenomanianMantelliceras mantelliZone), below an interregional sequence boundary (SB Ce 1). At Lüneburg, the event is characterised by densely packed, very large, disc-like valves ofG.crippsi. Taphonomy as well as bio- and microfacies suggest an event formation in a deeper shelf setting below the storm-wave base as primary biogenic concentration, the inoceramids living as recumbent forms on a soft substrate in dense populations. When tracked between basins, the stratigraphic pattern of thecrippsiEvent suggests a moderately prolonged phase (< 100 kyr) of increased shell production with rapid deposition aiding in preserving the shell-rich event strata. Towards the basin margins, it grades into storm wave-reworked bioclastic concentrations. ThecrippsiEvent formed by an interregional population bloom and provides, as an proliferation epibole, an important marker for intra- and interbasinal correlation. The first record ofG. mowriensiswithin thecrippsiEvent at Lüneburg, hitherto endemic to the US Western Interior Seaway, and the occurrence of the ammoniteMetengonoceras teigenense, likewise an endemic North American faunal element, from the level of thecrippsiEvent in northern France indicate faunal exchange between the New and Old worlds during the early Cenomanian. This faunal dispersal and contemporaneous occurrence of warm-water biofacies in Western Europe during the early Cenomanian is explained by the existence of a perpetual NE-directed current transporting warm surface waters from the Gulf of Mexico towards Europe. The occurrence of short-livedM.teigenensein France allows for the calibration of the uppermostschlueteriSubzone of themantelliZone in Europe to the lowermostNeogastroplites muelleriZone in North America and to assign an age of ~ 98.6–98.7 Ma to thecrippsiEvent.
A methodology to design measurement systems when multiple model classes are plausible
Authors: Bertola Numa J. , Pai Sai G. S. , Smith Ian F. C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe management of existing civil infrastructure is challenging due to evolving functional requirements, aging and climate change. Civil infrastructure often has hidden reserve capacity because of conservative approaches used in design and during construction. Information collected through sensor measurements has the potential to improve knowledge of structural behavior, leading to better decisions related to asset management. In this situation, the design of the monitoring system is an important task since it directly affects the quality of the information that is collected. Design of optimal measurement systems depends on the choice of behavior-model parameters to identify using monitoring data and non-parametric uncertainty sources. A model that contains a representation of these parameters as variables is called a model class. Selection of the most appropriate model class is often difficult prior to acquisition of information regarding the structural behavior, and this leads to suboptimal sensor placement. This study presents strategies to efficiently design measurement systems when multiple model classes are plausible. This methodology supports the selection of a sensor configuration that provides significant information gain for each model class using a minimum number of sensors. A full-scale bridge, The Powder Mill Bridge (USA), and an illustrative beam example are used to compare methodologies. A modification of the hierarchical algorithm for sensor placement has led to design of configurations that have fewer sensors than previously proposed strategies without compromising information gain.
Effect of the method for the elimination of inhibitors present in Miscanthus giganteus hydrolysates on ethanol production effectiveness
Authors: Kordala Natalia , Lewandowska Małgorzata , Bednarski Włodzimierz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe pretreatment of lignocellulosic material performed to improve substrate’s susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis is usually accompanied by reactions leading to the synthesis of compounds that inhibit the metabolic activity of microorganisms. Their toxicity is the main obstacle to the successful bioconversion of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The identification of these inhibitors and the choice of the optimal detoxication method are crucial for the improving the efficiency of fermentation processes. Material rinsing with water after processing is a common detoxication practice. However, it generates material losses, thus affecting contents of saccharides in the fermentation medium, which may in turn trigger higher costs of lignocellulose conversion to ethanol and other products with a higher added value. A study was undertaken to determine the effect of selected methods for the detoxication of an enzymatic hydrolysate from Miscanthus giganteus on the fermentation efficiency of saccharide derivatives. The experiment conducted with Mucor rouxii DSM 1191 demonstrated the usability of the detoxication method based on the activated carbon. After 96-h fermentation of Miscanthus hydrolysates, the alcohol content in the post-reaction medium was higher by 14% than in the control experiment wherein the material was rinsed with water after pretreatment. The experiment carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae 7, NRRL 978 showed no positive impact of the alternative detoxication methods replacing material rinsing on the efficiency of ethanol synthesis. The highest concentration of this metabolite (2.04% (v/v)) was obtained in the experimental variant in which the mentioned operation was coupled with detoxication of hydrolysates using calcium hydroxide.
Inference and reasoning in a Bayesian knowledge-intensive CBR system
Authors: Nikpour Hoda , Aamodt Agnar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the inference and reasoning methods in a Bayesian supported knowledge-intensive case-based reasoning (CBR) system called BNCreek. The inference and reasoning process in this system is a combination of three methods. The semantic network inference methods and the CBR method are employed to handle the difficulties of inferencing and reasoning in uncertain domains. The Bayesian network inference methods are employed to make the process more accurate. An experiment from oil well drilling as a complex and uncertain application domain is conducted. The system is evaluated against expert estimations and compared with seven other corresponding systems. The normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) as a rank-based metric, the weighted error (WE), and root-square error (RSE) as the statistical metrics are employed to evaluate different aspects of the system capabilities. The results show the efficiency of the developed inference and reasoning methods.
Gesundheitsfördernde Arbeitsgestaltung im Homeoffice im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Mojtahedzadeh Natascha , Rohwer Elisabeth , Lengen Julia , Harth Volker , Mache Stefanie 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die mit der COVID-19-Pandemie einhergehenden Kontaktbeschränkungen haben viele Unternehmen dazu veranlasst, ihren Beschäftigten aus Gründen des Infektionsschutzes das Arbeiten aus dem Homeoffice zu ermöglichen.

Fragestellung
In dieser Literaturübersicht wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern die Ausübung der beruflichen Tätigkeit im Homeoffice gesundheitsfördernd gestaltet werden kann.

Ergebnisse
Arbeitsplätzen im Homeoffice liegen dieselben Richtlinien wie für Büro- und Bildschirmarbeitsplätze zugrunde. Um negative psychische und physische Beanspruchungsfolgen zu vermeiden, wird die ergonomische Arbeitsplatzgestaltung empfohlen. Außerdem kommt der Arbeitszeitgestaltung (Strukturierung des Arbeitstages, Einhalten von Pausen und Regenerationseinheiten und die Vermeidung von Störungen und Unterbrechungen) eine hohe Bedeutung für eine gesundheitsfördernde Arbeitsweise im Homeoffice zu.

Schlussfolgerung
Wichtige Bausteine für gesundheitsfördernde Arbeitsgestaltung sind die zeitliche, räumliche und insbesondere mentale Trennung von Arbeits- und Privatleben. Bei der gesundheitsfördernden Arbeitsplatzgestaltung im Homeoffice sind Beschäftigte und ihre individuellen Bedürfnisse zu berücksichtigen. Die Verantwortung der Realisierung gesundheitsfördernder Arbeitsgestaltung liegt durch die ad-hoc-Umstellung in der Pandemie jedoch zumeist allein bei den Beschäftigten.
Mechanical properties and permeability of red mud-blast furnace slag-based geopolymer concrete
Authors: Liang Xiangzhou , Ji Yongsheng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRed mud, a by-product of alumina production, has a great impact on the environment due to its high alkalinity. In this paper, two-part geopolymer mortar was synthesized by combining red mud and blast furnace slag (BFS) to obtain optimized compressive strength and flexural strength for construction materials. Geopolymer concrete was prepared with the cementitious material in the concrete replaced by geopolymer mortar. Mechanical properties, permeability and microscopic properties of geopolymer concrete were measured. The results showed that the compressive strength grade of concrete prepared with geopolymer concrete can reach 54.43 MPa indicating that the geopolymer concrete can be used as materials for load-bearing members in structures. Due to lower total porosity and better pore structure, the permeability resistance of geopolymer concrete was significantly better than ordinary concrete. Microscopic analysis indicated that a large amount of aluminosilicate reaction products was generated in a geopolymer by the reaction of OH− with the aluminosilicate components in red mud and BFS in a strongly alkaline environment. The surface [SiO4]4− and [AlO4]4− tetrahedrons form chemical bonds through dehydroxylation, which is the direct reason for their high strength and determines their excellent physical and chemical properties.
Synthesis, characterization, biological screening and determination of stability constants of N,N′-Bis[1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylidene]ethane-1,2-diamine
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Gulzar Asad , Mehmood Rashad , Noreen Zahra , Asad Ghania , Shafqat Syed Salman , Faizan Muhammad , Irshad Misbah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA Schiff base ligand, N,N′-bis[1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylidene]ethane-1,2-diamine (SBL), was synthesized by condensation of 4-chloroacetophenone with ethylenediamine in methanol in the presence of H2SO4 as catalyst. The structure of SBL was elucidated by spectroscopic (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and MS) and elemental analyses, and also confirmed by XRD. The SBL was used to prepare metal complexes 1-2 with Pb+2 and Cd+2, respectively. The structures of the complexes were elucidated by IR, MS and elemental analyses. On the basis of electronic spectra and magnetic moment data, octahedral geometry was proposed for the synthesized complexes 1-2. The conductivity data showed the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes 1-2. The SBL and complexes 1-2 were subjected to measure their biological potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacteria. SBL showed non-significant anti-bacterial potential whereas complexes showed moderate potential as compared to standard impinium. In the toxicity with brine shrimp larvae, complexes showed more toxic effect than the SBL. In the experiments to determine the stability constants of SBL with CuCl2, Cu(OAc)2, CoCl2 and Co(NO3)2; SBL showed highest stability constants with Cu(OAc)2 which is 1.550 × 107 at 1:1 (L:M) and second highest with Co(NO3)2 which is 6.861 × 106 at 3:2 (L:M).
The Problem of Nature in Hegel'sPhilosophy of Right
Authors: Lumsden Simon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe notion of being-at-home-in-otherness is the distinctive way of thinking of freedom that Hegel develops in his social and political thought. When I am at one with myself in social and political structures (institutions, rights and the state) they are not external powers to which I am subjected but are rather constitutive of my self-relation, that is my self-conception is mediated andexpandedthrough those objective structures. How successfully Hegel may achieve being-at-home-in-otherness with regard to these objective structures of right in thePhilosophy of Rightis arguable. What is at issue in this paper is however to argue that there is a blind spot in the text with regard to nature. In Ethical Life the rational subject's passions and inclinations are brought into the subject such that she is ‘with herself’ in them; with regard to external nature no such reconciliation is achieved or even attempted. In Abstract Right external nature is effectively dominated by and subsumed into the will and it is never something in which one is with oneself. It remains outside the model of freedom that Hegel develops in thePhilosophy of Right. There is something troubling about this formulation, since it excludes nature from freedom, but also something accurate, as it reflects the unresolved attitude of moderns to the natural world.
SHAFTESBURY ON SELFISHNESS AND PARTISANSHIP
Authors: Gill Michael B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the Introduction to his Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume credits “my Lord Shaftesbury” as one of the “philosophers in England, who have begun to put the science of man on a new footing.” I describe aspects of Shaftesbury’s philosophy that justify the credit Hume gives him. I focus on Shaftesbury’s refutation of psychological egoism, his examination of partiality, and his views on how to promote impartial virtue. I also discuss Shaftesbury’s political commitments, and raise questions about recent interpretations that have taken his Characteristicks to be a polemic, partisan text.
THE PROTECTION OF THE RICH AGAINST THE POOR: THE POLITICS OF ADAM SMITH’S POLITICAL ECONOMY
Authors: Harris James A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMy point of departure in this essay is Smith’s definition of government. “Civil government,” he writes, “so far as it is instituted for the security of property, is in reality instituted for the defence of the rich against the poor, or of those who have some property against those who have none at all.” First I unpack Smith’s definition of government as the protection of the rich against the poor. I argue that, on Smith’s view, this is always part of what government is for. I then turn to the question of what, according to Smith, our governors can do to protect the wealth of the rich from the resentment of the poor. I consider, and reject, the idea that Smith might conceive of education as a means of alleviating the resentment of the poor at their poverty. I then describe how, in his lectures on jurisprudence, Smith refines and develops Hume’s taxonomy of the opinions upon which all government rests. The sense of allegiance to government, according to Smith, is shaped by instinctive deference to natural forms of authority as well as by rational, Whiggish considerations of utility. I argue that it is the principle of authority that provides the feelings of loyalty upon which government chiefly rests. It follows, I suggest, that to the extent that Smith looked to government to protect the property of the rich against the poor, and thereby to maintain the peace and stability of society at large, he cannot have sought to lessen the hold on ordinary people of natural sentiments of deference. In addition, I consider the implications of Smith’s theory of government for the question of his general attitude toward poverty. I argue against the view that Smith has recognizably “liberal,” progressive views of how the poor should be treated. Instead, I locate Smith in the political culture of the Whiggism of his day.
Cosmology, astrobiology and the RNA world: just add quintessential water
Authors: Johnson Keith 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLaboratory generation of water nanoclusters from amorphous ice and strong terahertz (THz) radiation from water nanoclusters ejected from water vapour into a vacuum suggest the possibility of water nanoclusters ejected into interstellar space from abundant amorphous ice-coated cosmic dust produced by supernovae explosions. Water nanoclusters (section ‘Water nanoclusters’) offer a hypothetical scenario connecting major mysteries of our Universe: dark matter (section ‘Baryonic dark matter’), dark energy (section ‘Dark energy’), cosmology (section ‘Cosmology’), astrobiology (section ‘Astrobiology’) and the RNA world (section ‘The RNA world’) as the origin of life on Earth and habitable exoplanets. Despite their expected low density in space compared to hydrogen, their quantum-entangled diffuse Rydberg electronic states make cosmic water nanoclusters a candidate for baryonic dark matter that can also absorb, via the microscopic dynamical Casimir effect, the virtual photons of zero-point-energy vacuum fluctuations above the nanocluster cut-off vibrational frequencies, leaving only vacuum fluctuations below these frequencies to be gravitationally active, thus leading to a possible common origin of dark matter and dark energy. This picture includes novel explanations of the small cosmological constant, the coincidence of energy and matter densities, possible contributions of the red-shifted THz radiation from cosmic water nanoclusters at redshiftz≅ 10 to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum, the Hubble constant crisis, the role of water as a known coolant for rapid early star formation and ultimately, how life may have originated from RNA protocells on Earth and exoplanets and moons in the habitable zones of developed solar systems. Together, they lead to a cyclic universe cosmology – based on the proposed equivalence of cosmic water nanoclusters to a quintessence scalar field – instead of a multiverse based on cosmic inflation theory. Recent CMB birefringence measurements may support quintessence. Finally, from the quantum chemistry of water nanoclusters interacting with prebiotic organic molecules, amino acids and RNA protocells on early Earth and habitable exoplanets, this scenario is consistent with the anthropic principle that our Universe must have those properties which allow life, as we know it – based on water, to develop at the present stage of its history.
Decreased phenol sulfotransferase activities associated with hyperserotonemia in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Pagan Cécile , Benabou Marion , Leblond Claire , Cliquet Freddy , Mathieu Alexandre , Lemière Nathalie , Goubran-Botros Hany , Delorme Richard , Leboyer Marion , Callebert Jacques , Bourgeron Thomas , Launay Jean-Marie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHyperserotonemia is the most replicated biochemical abnormality associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, previous studies of serotonin synthesis, catabolism, and transport have not elucidated the mechanisms underlying this hyperserotonemia. Here we investigated serotonin sulfation by phenol sulfotransferases (PST) in blood samples from 97 individuals with ASD and their first-degree relatives (138 parents and 56 siblings), compared with 106 controls. We report a deficient activity of both PST isoforms (M and P) in platelets from individuals with ASD (35% and 78% of patients, respectively), confirmed in autoptic tissues (9 pineal gland samples from individuals with ASD—an important source of serotonin). Platelet PST-M deficiency was strongly associated with hyperserotonemia in individuals with ASD. We then explore genetic or pharmacologic modulation of PST activities in mice: variations of PST activities were associated with marked variations of blood serotonin, demonstrating the influence of the sulfation pathway on serotonemia. We also conducted in 1645 individuals an extensive study of SULT1A genes, encoding PST and mapping at highly polymorphic 16p11.2 locus, which did not reveal an association between copy number or single nucleotide variations and PST activity, blood serotonin or the risk of ASD. In contrast, our broader assessment of sulfation metabolism in ASD showed impairments of other sulfation-related markers, including inorganic sulfate, heparan-sulfate, and heparin sulfate-sulfotransferase. Our study proposes for the first time a compelling mechanism for hyperserotonemia, in a context of global impairment of sulfation metabolism in ASD.
CD36 deficiency affects depressive-like behaviors possibly by modifying gut microbiota and the inflammasome pathway in mice
Authors: Bai Shunjie , Wang Wei , Wang Ting , Li Juan , Zhang Shuxiao , Chen Zhi , Qi Xunzhong , Chen Jianjun , Cheng Ke , Xie Peng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBoth inflammatory processes and gut microbiota have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. The class B scavenger receptor CD36 is involved in the cytotoxicity associated with inflammation. However, its role in depression has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated whether CD36 affects depression by modulating the microbiota-gut-inflammasome-brain axis. We used CD36−/−(knockout) mice subjected to chronic social defeat stress, and measured the expression of CD36 in these depressed mice and in patients with depression. The hippocampus of CD36−/−mice was used to investigate changes in the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. The 16S rRNA gene sequence-based approach was used to compare the cecal microbial communities in CD36−/−and WT mice. The CD36 deficiency in CD36−/−mice alleviated chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors. CD36 was upregulated in depressed mice as well as in depressed patients. Furthermore, the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway was downregulated in the hippocampus of CD36−/−mice. The Simpson Diversity Index revealed increased cecal bacterial alpha-diversity in the CD36−/−mice. Among genera,Bacteroides,Rikenella, andAlloprevotellawere significantly more abundant in the CD36−/−mice, whereasAllobaculumwas less abundant, consistent with the attenuated inflammation in the hippocampus of CD36−/−mice. Our findings suggest that CD36 deficiency changes the gut microbiota composition, which in turn may impact depressive-like behaviors by affecting the inflammasome pathway.