bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of preoperative medical testing and consultation in cataract surgery patients at a teaching hospital
Authors: Tran Elaine M. , Eskander Jessica , Jiang Lan , Greenberg Paul B. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the prevalence of preoperative cataract surgery testing and consultation at a single United States teaching hospital.

Setting:
Academic-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Methods:
This study included patients who received cataract surgery from 2014 to 2018. For patients with bilateral cataracts, the second surgery was excluded to ensure independent selection. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores and heart disease status were recorded. The outcomes of interest were preoperative testing, such as complete blood count, chemistry panel, and echocardiography, and consultation (office visits to non-ophthalmologists) during the period between the date the decision was made to proceed with surgery and the cataract surgery date.

Results:
For this study 1320 charts were reviewed; 1257 (95.2%) patients met the study criteria. The mean CCI score was 1.7; 42.0% (528/1257) had heart disease. The prevalence of preoperative testing was 0.08% (1/1257). The prevalence of preoperative consultation was 4.2% (53/1257); 86.8% (46/53) of patients received cardiology consultation; 17.0% (9/53) pulmonology; and 15.1% (8/53) primary care. Of the patients who received cardiac consultation, 63.0% (29/46) had heart disease; the remaining had an electrocardiogram abnormality.

Conclusions:
There was a low prevalence of preoperative testing and consultation for cataract surgery at this teaching hospital. Further studies using medical record data are needed to assess the current rates and the role of preoperative testing and consultation for cataract surgery patients.
Trajectories of Religious Change From Adolescence to Adulthood, and Demographic, Environmental, and Psychiatric Correlates
Authors: Dew Rachel E. , Fuemmeler Bernard , Koenig Harold G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Studies of religiosity and mental health largely characterize religiousness as stable over time. However, research shows that religiosity likely changes significantly with development. It is unclear whether associations of religiosity with mental health also change over the lifespan. Latent growth curves were created to quantify changes in multiple religious variables, identify associated psychosocial variables, and observe relationships between religiosity and mental health from adolescence to adulthood. Analyses used four waves of data from over 9000 subjects, from ages 12 to 34 years. Although religious service attendance decreased over time, the importance of religion increased and the frequency of prayer remained relatively stable. Baseline religiosity and changes over time were related to contextual variables including race, socioeconomic status, and peer substance use. Correlations with mental health varied over time. Religiosity should be conceptualized as multidimensional and dynamic; religion/health research should consider the impact of multiple psychosocial variables as well as bidirectional relationships with mental health.
Mucosa and Rejection in Facial Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kauke Martin , Safi Ali-Farid , Zhegibe Ana , Haug Valentin , Kollar Branislav , Nelms Laurel , Palmer William Jackson , Tchiloemba Bianief , Lian Christine G. , Murphy George F. , Pomahac Bohdan 
Published: February 2020

Background.
Facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (fVCA) presents an established approach to restore form and function of patients with catastrophic facial defects. Skin is one of the target tissues of the rejection process, and due to its easy accessibility has become the gold standard in the diagnosis of rejection. Mucosal rejection frequently occurs; however, the added value of mucosal rejection assessment for patient management is unknown.

Methods.
We conducted a systematic review of manuscripts listed in the MEDLINE/PubMed and GoogleScholar databases to identify articles that provide data on mucosal rejection following fVCA. For inclusion, papers had to be available as full-text and written in English. Non-VCA studies and animal studies were excluded. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results.
We included 17 articles that described changes in allotransplanted mucosa of fVCAs. These articles yielded data on 168 BANFF graded biopsies of corresponding skin and mucosa biopsies. Rejection grades were consistently higher in mucosal biopsies. Concordance between allograft skin and mucosa biopsy grades increased with an increasing skin-BANFF grade. Mucosa rejection grades were on average lower in the early stages of the posttransplant period (<postoperative mo 12, time of motor, and sensory recovery) when compared to the later stages (>postoperative mo 12).

Conclusions.
The mucosa of facial allotransplants is one of the primary targets of rejection. The data indicates that higher-grade skin rejection does not occur in absence of mucosal rejection. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the exact role of mucosal biopsies for fVCA patient management.
Influence of species and processing parameters on recovery and content of brain tissue-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Huang Yiyao , Cheng Lesley , Turchinovich Andrey , Mahairaki Vasiliki , Troncoso Juan C. , Pletniková Olga , Haughey Norman J. , Vella Laura J. , Hill Andrew F. , Zheng Lei , Witwer Kenneth W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes by shuttling material out of and between cells. Tissue EVs may thus lend insights into disease mechanisms and also betray disease when released into easily accessed biological fluids. Since brain-derived EVs (bdEVs) and their cargo may serve as biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, we evaluated modifications to a published, rigorous protocol for separation of EVs from brain tissue and studied effects of processing variables on quantitative and qualitative outcomes. To this end, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation were compared as final separation steps in protocols involving stepped ultracentrifugation. bdEVs were separated from brain tissues of human, macaque, and mouse. Effects of tissue perfusion and a model of post-mortem interval (PMI) before final bdEV separation were probed. MISEV2018-compliant EV characterization was performed, and both small RNA and protein profiling were done. We conclude that the modified, SEC-employing protocol achieves EV separation efficiency roughly similar to a protocol using gradient density ultracentrifugation, while decreasing operator time and, potentially, variability. The protocol appears to yield bdEVs of higher purity for human tissues compared with those of macaque and, especially, mouse, suggesting opportunities for optimization. Where possible, perfusion should be performed in animal models. The interval between death/tissue storage/processing and final bdEV separation can also affect bdEV populations and composition and should thus be recorded for rigorous reporting. Finally, different populations of EVs obtained through the modified method reported herein display characteristic RNA and protein content that hint at biomarker potential. To conclude, this study finds that the automatable and increasingly employed technique of SEC can be applied to tissue EV separation, and also reveals more about the importance of species-specific and technical considerations when working with tissue EVs. These results are expected to enhance the use of bdEVs in revealing and understanding brain disease.
No solid evidence of soil carbon loss under warming in tropical forests along a 3000 m elevation gradient
Authors: Luo Zhongkui , Guo Xiaowei , Sun Osbert Jianxin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is inherently sensitive to temperature. As such, a big concerning is the potential SOC loss under climatic warming, but field empirical evidences are lacking, particularly in tropical forest soils in which ∼10% of global SOC is stored. Recently Nottingham et al. (2019) assessed the data collected from a novel experiment translocating soils across a 3000 m tropical forest elevation gradient to mimic temperature changesin situ, and concluded that warming caused considerable SOC loss. However, this conclusion was based on a metric with a strong assumption that soil cores translocated to other elevations on average had the same initial SOC content to control soil cores reinstalled at their original elevation. Because of limited replicates (n=3) in the data, an approach ignoring spatial heterogeneity of SOC content may undermine the credibility of the results. Here, we used a nonparametric bootstrap approach to re-analyze the data, explicitly taking data variability into account. Contrary to Nottingham et al. (2019), we found that SOC content did not show significant differences among translocated soils from the same elevation origin. Further looking into six chemical fractions determined by13C NMR spectroscopy shown that they had similar, insignificant response to translocation-induced temperature changes, which also does not support the conclusion of Nottingham et al (2019) that labile SOC is more sensitive to warming. We concluded that temperature changes did not significantly alter either total SOC content or its six chemical fractions after five years of shift of temperature regimes in tropical forests. This may largely due to thermal adaptation of microbial decomposition and environmental constrains (e.g., low pH) which suppress the effect of temperature changes. Longer term experiment with more sampling replicates are required to maximize the value of soil translocation experiments to address the effect of warming on SOC dynamics.
Digital quantification of chronic gastric wall inflammation in asymptomatic bariatric patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Vrabie Camelia D , Geavlete Bogdan , Gangal Marius 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimto evaluate validity of digital quantification when compared with human fast-scoring in routine classification of chronic gastric wall inflammation.Method87 bariatric gastric samples coming from asymptomatic severe obese patients were examined and classified as normal, with unspecified chronic gastritis and lymphocytic gastritis using a fast-scoring, visual analogue scale method. Results were compared with digital diagnostic data (manual segmentation, supervised learning analysis based on intraepithelial lymphocytes count criteria). Discordant results were re-evaluated by the human pathologist by direct count (ground truth). Helicobacter Pylori diagnostic was performed in all cases (Giemsa).ResultsDigital analysis classified chronic inflammation as lymphocytic gastritis in 45 cases (mean 53 lymphocytes / 100 epithelial gastric cells ±18). 30 cases were labeled as unspecific chronic gastritis (mean 25/100±2.8) (p<0.0001). Human fast-scoring classified 43 cases as lymphocytic gastritis and 20 as unspecific gastritis. Helicobacter Pylori was detected in 49% of lymphocytic gastritis cases and in 7% of chronic gastritis. 47 diagnostics were concordant (54%). In 36%, digital score was better than human fast-scoring. In 7%, digital results were false negative (all cases generated by technical artifacts). Overall, digital quantification had 89% accuracy and 96% precision when compared with ground truth.ConclusionIn our study, digital image analysis produced a fast and reproducible classification of chronic gastric inflammation with good precision and accuracy. Technical errors generated 6 cases of false negative results. Several other limitations of the study (use of only bariatric gastric fundus tissue, low number of cases, manual supervised learning segmentation) ask for an increased number of cases evaluation before validation and clinical use.
Predicting the retinotopic organization of human visual cortex from anatomy using geometric deep learning
Authors: Ribeiro Fernanda L. , Bollmann Steffen , Puckett Alexander M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhether it be in a single neuron or a more complex biological system like the human brain, form and function are often directly related. The functional organization of human visual cortex, for instance, is tightly coupled with the underlying anatomy with cortical shape having been shown to be a useful predictor of the retinotopic organization in early visual cortex. Although the current state-of-the-art in predicting retinotopic maps is able to account for gross individual differences, such models are unable to account for any idiosyncratic differences in the structure-function relationship from anatomical information alone due to their initial assumption of a template. Here we developed a geometric deep learning model capable of exploiting the actual structure of the cortex to learn the complex relationship between brain function and anatomy in human visual cortex such that more realistic and idiosyncratic maps could be predicted. We show that our neural network was not only able to predict the functional organization throughout the visual cortical hierarchy, but that it was also able to predict nuanced variations across individuals. Although we demonstrate its utility for modeling the relationship between structure and function in human visual cortex, our approach is flexible and well-suited for a range of other applications involving data structured in non-Euclidean spaces.
Repetitive blast promotes chronic aversion to neutral cues encountered in the peri-blast environment
Authors: Schindler Abigail G. , Terry Garth E. , Wolden-Hanson Tami , Cline Marcella , Park Michael , Lee Janet , Yagi Mayumi , Meabon James S. , Peskind Elaine R. , Raskind Murray M. , Phillips Paul E.M. , Cook David G. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTRepetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been called the “signature injury” of military Servicemembers in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars and is highly comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Correct attribution of adverse blast-induced mTBI and/or PTSD remains challenging. Preclinical research using animal models can provide important insight into the mechanisms by which blast produces injury and dysfunction—but only to the degree by which such models reflect the human experience. Avoidance of trauma reminders is a hallmark of PTSD, here we sought to understand whether a mouse model of blast reproduces this phenomenon, in addition to blast-induced physical injuries. Drawing upon well-established work from the chronic stress and Pavlovian conditioning literature, we hypothesized that, even while anesthetized during blast exposure, environmental cues encountered in the peri-blast environment could be conditioned to evoke aversion/dysphoria and reexperiencing of traumatic stress. Using a pneumatic shock tube that recapitulates battlefield-relevant open-field blast forces, we provide direct evidence that stress is inherent to repetitive blast exposure, resulting in chronic aversive/dysphoric-like responses to previous blast-paired cues. The results in this report demonstrate that, while both single and repetitive blast exposures produce acute stress responses (weight loss, corticosterone increase), only repetitive blast exposure also results in co-occurring aversive/dysphoric-like stress responses. These results extend appreciation of the highly complex nature of repetitive blast exposure; and lend further support for the potential translational relevance of animal modeling approaches currently used by multiple laboratories aimed at elucidating the mechanisms (both molecular and behavioral) of repetitive blast exposure.
A versatile and modular tetrode-based device for single-unit recordings in rodentex vivoandin vivoacute preparations
Authors: Machado Francisca , Sousa Nuno , Monteiro Patricia , Jacinto Luis 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe demand for affordable tools for recording extracellular activity and successfully isolating single units from different brain preparations has pushed researchers and companies to invest in developing and fabricating new recording devices. However, depending on the brain region of interest, experimental question or type of preparations, different devices are required thus adding substantial financial burden to laboratories. We have developed a simple and affordable tetrode-based device that allows interchangeable extracellular recordings of neural activity betweenin vivoandex vivopreparations and can be easily implemented in all wet-bench laboratories. Spontaneous activity from several putative single neurons could be easily recorded and isolated by lowering the device intoex vivocerebellum brain slices. The same device was also usedin vivo, lowered into primary auditory cortex of adult anesthetized transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin in cortical neurons. Acoustic stimulation of the contralateral ear or direct laser optogenetic stimulation successfully evoked cortical activity at the recording site. Several isolated putative single neurons presented time-locked activity response to the different stimuli. In summary, we developed an affordable, versatile and modular device to facilitate tetrode extracellular recordings interchangeably betweenin vivoanaesthetized animals andex vivobrain slice recordings.HighlightsDeveloped a versatile and modular device to facilitate tetrode acute brain recordings interchangeably betweenin vivoandex vivopreparations.Conductedex vivoextracellular recordings in acute cerebellar slices.Conductedin vivoextracellular recordings in auditory cortex of anaesthetized mice.Recorded and isolated multiple single units in both acute slices and anaesthetized mice recordings using the same device.Device can be easily extended to accommodate optic fiber and cannula.
One New Species of the GenusDryomys(Rodentia, Glirgae) from Xinjiang China,Dryomys Yarkandensis sp. nov
Authors: Liao L. , An R. , Shi S. , Xu Y. , Luo Y. , Liao W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDuring an expedition in June 2012 in Shache county of Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang, China, a new species of the genusDryomys(Gliridae) has been discovered and namedDryomys yarkandensis sp.nov. It has been found obviously different fromD. nitedulaiin northern Xinjiang,D. laniger, D. niethammeriandD. nitedulaiin Europe, which are also belong to genusDryomys. The new speciesDryomys yarkandensis sp.nov is described below.HolotypeNo. N07, an adult female collected by Chen Zhenhai in June 2012, is deposited Center for disease prevention and control of Xinjiang (Xinjiang CDC). It was obtained from oasis orchard of desert in Tarim Basin (38°29’N, 77°32’E), 1211-1215 m.Genus characterThere is a dark chestnut round eye. The terminal of tail is club shape, covered with dense hairs, and cannot see the scale ring in external texture.Description of the speciesThe eyes is large. The beard is long and the longest could reach 30 mm. The tail is thicker and slightly longer than body length about 10%. The terminal of the tail is fluffy. All the surface is covered with dense hairs.External figureThe color of the new species on the back is lighter than that ofD. laniger, D. niethammeriandD. nitedulaiinDryomys. The length of the tail is about 110% of the body length. The length of the ears is 12.8 mm, which is 15% shorter than the other three species ofDryomys.Skull and toothThe ratio between the length of audirory bullae and the breadth of auditory bullae is 1.66 (8.35/5.02), which is larger than the other three species ofD. nitedula.The habitats of the new species is harsh, drought and hot in summer but dry and cold in winter. The habitats ofD. nitedulain mountain valley in northern Xinjiang is temperate, humidity and low temperature, and there are berries or orchard.
Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of a New Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line with wildGossypium bickii.Genetic Background
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Wang Jianshe , Qu Yunfang , Peng Renhai , Magwanga Richard Odongo , Liu Fang , Huang Jinling 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTCotton is an important fiber crop but has serious effects of heterosis, in which cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) being the major cause of heterosis in plants. However, there are no studies done on CMS Yamian A in cotton with the genetic background of the Australian wildGossypium bickii.Transcriptomic and proteomic results showed that UDP-glucosyltransferase - in the nucleus, 60S ribosomal protein L13a- in the cytoplasm, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase - in the chloroplast, glutathione S-transferase - in the cytoplasm, and ATP synthase F1 subunit 1 - in the mitochondrion were upregulated; while low molecular weight heat shock protein - in the chloroplast and ATP synthase D chain- in the mitochondrion were down-regulated expression at the microspore abortion stage of Yamian A. We constructed an interaction network and this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of CMS in cotton by use of in Yamian A, with wild cotton genetic background.
Operative and technical modifications to the Coriolis®µ air sampler that improve sample recovery and biosafety during microbiological air sampling
Authors: de Sousa Nuno Rufino , Shen Lei , Silcott David , Call Charles J. , Rothfuchs Antonio Gigliotti 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTDetecting infectious aerosols is central for gauging and countering airborne threats. In this regard the Coriolis®µ cyclonic air sampler is a practical, commercial collector that can be used with various analysis methods to monitor pathogens in air. However, information on how to operate this unit under optimal sampling and biosafety conditions is limited. We investigated Coriolis performance in aerosol dispersal experiments with polystyrene microspheres andBacillus globigiispores. We report inconsistent sample recovery from the collector cone due to loss of material when sampling continuously for more than 30 min. Introducing a new collector cone every 10 min improved this shortcoming. Moreover, we found that several surfaces on the device become contaminated during sampling. Adapting a HEPA-filter system to the Coriolis prevented contamination without altering collection efficiency or tactical deployment. A Coriolis modified with these operative and technical improvements was used to collect aerosols carrying microspheres released inside a Biosafety Level-3 laboratory during simulations of microbiological spills and aerosol dispersals. In summary, we provide operative and technical solutions to the Coriolis that optimize microbiological air sampling and improve biosafety.