bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Complex Metal Hydrides on the Elimination of Hydrochloric Acid Exhaust Products from High‐Performance Composite Solid Propellants: A Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Chalghoum Fateh , Trache Djalal , Maggi Filippo , Benziane Mokhtar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAmmonium perchlorate (AP)‐based solid rocket propellants generate hydrochloric acid (HCl) as an exhaust product during combustion. This latter displays numerous environmental problems such as the depletion of the ozone layer and the increase of the concentration of acid rains. This paper offers a theoretical analysis concerning the employment of metal hydrides as efficient additives to mitigate some of the negative effects of HCl on the environment during the combustion of AP‐based composite propellants. Nine complex metal hydrides, expected to generate desirable performance gains, are selected to assess their scavenging effect on the HCl during propellant combustion. Based on NASA Lewis Code, Chemical Equilibrium with Application (CEA), comparative analysis of the theoretical performance of specific impulse, adiabatic flame temperatures, condensed combustion products as well as the exhaust gaseous species has been carried out. This study reveals that complex metal hydrides‐based propellants exhibited better performance than those containing simple metal hydrides, showing a synergetic effect of high specific impulse and low environmental impact. It is consequently anticipated that a good choice of metal hydride can provide clean/green propellant formulations that can satisfy the current environmental requirements with better performance than current aluminum propellants.
Progress and Challenges on Battery Waste Management :A Critical Review
Authors: Rarotra Saptak , Sahu Satyabrata , Kumar Pawan , Kim Ki‐Hyun , Tsang Yiu Fai , Kumar Vikas , Kumar Parveen , Srinivasan Madhavi , Veksha Andrei , Lisak Grzegorz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of batteries in the electronics, automobile, and chemical industries is growing rapidly worldwide. The portability, high energy density, and low maintenance needs of batteries eliminates the need for transportation or reticulation of power. However, battery technologies suffer from a limited life span, which results in a need for frequent replacement. The generation of large quantities of battery waste has created a need for an effective management strategy to safely treat and recover valuable resources used in battery manufacturing. This review covers current issues in battery waste management, including a description of the advantages, limitations, challenges, and economical feasibility of various treatment technologies. Future perspectives are also discussed to encourage research on imminent environmental issues associated with batteries.
Short‐term building load forecast based on a data‐mining feature selection and LSTM‐RNN method
Authors: Sun Gaiping , Jiang Chuanwen , Wang Xu , Yang Xiu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractShort‐term load forecast for individual electric customers is becoming increasingly important in the grid operation, since the power system is becoming a more interactive and intelligent system. Accurate short‐term load forecast for industrial or commercial electric buildings is more challenging due to the complicated load characteristics and numerous influence variables. In this paper, we consider maximizing the relevancy and minimizing the redundancy criterion to select effectively feature variables, which influence the building load consumption, and then a deep learning technique—long‐short memory recurrent neural network is proposed to predict the load consumption. This novel strategy captures distinct load characteristics, choosing accurate input variables, and shows a great forecasting performance as demonstrated by three different types of city building load in China. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Low dose γ radiation enhances antidepressant effect of resveratrol: Behavioral and neurochemical studies
Authors: Karam Heba M. , Radwan Rasha R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe low dose of radiation (LDR) has received growing attention for its beneficial neuroprotective effect. This study was designed to investigate the enhancing effect of LDR on the antidepressant potential of resveratrol against diazepam‐induced depression in mice. Female mice divided into five groups; control, diazepam (2 mg/kg), LDR (0.5Gy) + diazepam, resveratrol (20 mg/kg) + diazepam, LDR + resveratrol+diazepam. Mice received diazepam showed depressive symptoms as evidenced by decreased locomotor activity in the open field and increased immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests integrated with a marked decline in biogenic amines (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) in brain tissues. These effects were ameliorated by LDR or resveratrol administration demonstrating an antidepressant activity. Interestingly, LDR triggered the antidepressant effect of resveratrol as it restored the changes in behavioral tests, neurotransmitters, and neuro‐histoarchitecture. In conclusion, these findings suggested that LDR could be considered as a novel adjuvant that augmented the resveratrol antidepressant effect and might serve as a potential therapeutic approach for depression.
Prevention of age-associated neuronal hyperexcitability with improved learning and attention upon knockout or antagonism of LPAR2
Authors: Fischer Caroline , Endle Heiko , Schumann Lana , Wilken-Schmitz Annett , Kaiser Julia , Gerber Susanne , Vogelaar Christina F. , Schmidt Mirko H. H. , Nitsch Robert , Snodgrass Isabel , Thomas Dominique , Vogt Johannes , Tegeder Irmgard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent studies suggest that synaptic lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) augment glutamate-dependent cortical excitability and sensory information processing in mice and humans via presynaptic LPAR2 activation. Here, we studied the consequences of LPAR2 deletion or antagonism on various aspects of cognition using a set of behavioral and electrophysiological analyses. Hippocampal neuronal network activity was decreased in middle-aged LPAR2−/− mice, whereas hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) was increased suggesting cognitive advantages of LPAR2−/− mice. In line with the lower excitability, RNAseq studies revealed reduced transcription of neuronal activity markers in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in naïve LPAR2−/− mice, including ARC, FOS, FOSB, NR4A, NPAS4 and EGR2. LPAR2−/− mice behaved similarly to wild-type controls in maze tests of spatial or social learning and memory but showed faster and accurate responses in a 5-choice serial reaction touchscreen task requiring high attention and fast spatial discrimination. In IntelliCage learning experiments, LPAR2−/− were less active during daytime but normally active at night, and showed higher accuracy and attention to LED cues during active times. Overall, they maintained equal or superior licking success with fewer trials. Pharmacological block of the LPAR2 receptor recapitulated the LPAR2−/− phenotype, which was characterized by economic corner usage, stronger daytime resting behavior and higher proportions of correct trials. We conclude that LPAR2 stabilizes neuronal network excitability upon aging and allows for more efficient use of resting periods, better memory consolidation and better performance in tasks requiring high selective attention. Therapeutic LPAR2 antagonism may alleviate aging-associated cognitive dysfunctions.
Topology optimization for designing periodic microstructures based on finite strain viscoplasticity
Authors: Ivarsson Niklas , Wallin Mathias , Tortorelli Daniel A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a topology optimization framework for designing periodic viscoplastic microstructures under finite deformation. To demonstrate the framework, microstructures with tailored macroscopic mechanical properties, e.g., maximum viscoplastic energy absorption and prescribed zero contraction, are designed. The simulated macroscopic properties are obtained via homogenization wherein the unit cell constitutive model is based on finite strain isotropic hardening viscoplasticity. To solve the coupled equilibrium and constitutive equations, a nested Newton method is used together with an adaptive time-stepping scheme. A well-posed topology optimization problem is formulated by restriction using filtration which is implemented via a periodic version of the Helmholtz partial differential equation filter. The optimization problem is iteratively solved with the method of moving asymptotes, where the path-dependent sensitivities are derived using the adjoint method. The applicability of the framework is demonstrated by optimizing several two-dimensional continuum composites exposed to a wide range of macroscopic strains.
Imaging of complications following Fontan circulation in children — diagnosis and surveillance
Authors: de Lange Charlotte 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Fontan operation is performed for various cardiac lesions with single-ventricle physiology. The survival rate of Fontan patients is increasing for adolescents and young adults, with an expected 30-year survival of >80%. Medical health care providers including specialists in organ systems and pediatric radiologists need to improve their knowledge about the Fontan circulation and the various organ complications to monitor care. In this review the author explains the basic anatomical and functional features of Fontan palliation and gives an overview of the multiple long-term organ complications that might present in the pediatric population. These include decreased physical capacity, ventricular dysfunction, atrioventricular valve regurgitation and arrhythmia, as well as protein-losing enteropathy, plastic bronchitis, growth/bone composition disturbances, renal dysfunction, and the recently recognized and important liver fibrosis (Fontan-associated liver disease). Neuropsychological and behavioral deficits occur frequently. This review focuses on the key role of radiology in making the diagnosis of these complications, monitoring therapy and predicting outcomes in the pediatric age group. The author discusses how and when radiology is important in Fontan patients, as well as how new techniques enabling quantitative measures in imaging with US, MRI and CT are adapted for pediatric use, and how they contribute to urgently needed surveillance strategies.
A Retrospective Comparison Between Hybrid Treatment and Prosthetic Above‐the‐Knee Femoro‐Popliteal Bypass in the Management of the Obstructive Disease of the Superficial Femoral Artery
Authors: Dorigo Walter , Piffaretti Gabriele , Fargion Aaron , Rivolta Nicola , Bush Ruth L. , Giacomelli Elena , Guttadauro Chiara , Castelli Patrizio , Pratesi Carlo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed early and late outcomes following hybrid intervention (common femoral artery endarterectomy and superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenting) versus above‐the‐knee (AK) femoro‐popliteal bypass performed for peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD) in a double‐center retrospective comparative cohort study.Materials and methodsFrom January 2006 to December 2017, 82 hybrid revascularizations with femoral endarterectomy and SFA stenting (HY Group) and 98 AK femoro‐popliteal bypasses with femoral endarterectomy (BP Group) were performed at two academic vascular centers. The two groups were compared in terms of preoperative and intraoperative details and of perioperative (<30 days) outcomes with χ2 test. Long‐term results were compared using Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank test.ResultsNo differences were found in demographics variables, risk factors, comorbidities and clinical presentation between the two groups. Also perioperative outcomes were similar between the two groups. Median duration of follow‐up was 38 months. At five years, the estimated survival rate was 60% in HY Group and 77.5% in BP Group (p = 0.002) Five‐year primary patency rates were 46% in HY Group and 64% in BP Group (p = 0.005). Overall, 13 patients in HY Group required conversion to open surgery and 6 patients in BP Group underwent below‐knee (n = 4) or distal (n = 2) bypass. The 5‐year rate of limb maintenance was 85% in HY Group and 94% in BP Group (p = 0.1) and was not significantly different regardless of presentation, claudication or critical limb ischemia.ConclusionsIn patients with PAOD due to complex long lesions of the infrainguinal arteries, open‐surgical treatment with AK bypass provided better long‐term survival and patency rates compared to a hybrid approach.
The mechanism and effects of subgrade fluidisation under ballasted railway tracks
Authors: Indraratna Buddhima , Singh Mandeep , Nguyen Thanh Trung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rapid growth in railway infrastructure and the construction of high-speed heavy-haul rail network, especially on ground that is basically unsuitable, poses challenges for geotechnical engineers because a large part of the money invested in the development of railway lines is often spent on track maintenance. In fact around the world, the mud pumping of subgrade fines is one of the common reasons why track performance deteriorates and track stability is hindered. This article presents a series of laboratory tests to examine following aspects of mud pumping: (1) the mechanisms of subgrade fluidisation under undrained condition, (2) the effects of mud pumping on the engineering characteristics of ballast, and (3) the use of vertical drains to stabilize subgrade under cyclic loads. The undrained cyclic triaxial testing on vulnerable soft subgrade was performed by varying the cyclic stress ratio (CSR) from 0.2 to 1.0 and the loading frequency f from 1.0 to 5.0 Hz. It is seen from the test results that for a specimen compacted at an initial dry density of 1790 kg/m3, the top portion of the specimen fluidises at CSR = 0.5, irrespective of the applied loading frequency. Under cyclic railway loading, the internal redistribution of water at the top of the subgrade layer softens the soil and also reduces its stiffness. In response to these problems, this paper explains how the inclusion of vertical drains in soft subgrade will help to prevent mud pumping by alleviating the build-up of excess pore pressures under moving train loads.
William James on Risk, Efficacy, and Evidentialism
Authors: Magnus P.D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWilliam James’ argument against William Clifford in The Will to Believe is often understood in terms of doxastic efficacy, the power of belief to influence an outcome. Although that is one strand of James’ argument, there is another which is driven by ampliative risk. The second strand of James’ argument, when applied to scientific cases, is tantamount to what is now called the Argument from Inductive Risk. Either strand of James’ argument is sufficient to rebut Clifford's strong evidentialism and show that it is sometimes permissible to believe in the absence of compelling evidence. However, the two considerations have different scope and force. Doxastic efficacy applies in only some cases but allows any values to play a role in determining belief; risk applies in all cases but only allows particular conditional values to play a role.
A Prolonged Abrogation? The Capitulations, the 1917 Law of Family Rights, and the Ottoman Quest for Sovereignty during World War 1
Authors: Dannies Kate , Hock Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe 1917 promulgation of a new Ottoman family law is recognized as a landmark moment in the history of Islamic law by scholars of women and gender in the Middle East. Yet the significance of the 1917 law in the struggle over religious jurisdiction, political power, and Ottoman sovereignty has been overlooked in the scholarship on both Ottoman legal reform and World War 1. Drawing on Ottoman Turkish, German, French, and English sources linking internal interpretations of the law and external reactions to its passage, we reinterpret adoption of the family law as a key moment in the geopolitics of World War 1. We demonstrate that passage of the law was a critical turning point in the wartime process of abrogating the capitulations and eliminating the last vestiges of legal extraterritoriality in the Ottoman Empire. The law is situated in its wartime political context and the geopolitical milieu of larger Europe to demonstrate that, although short-lived, the 1917 family law was a centerpiece of the wartime struggle to define extraterritorial rights of the Ottoman Empire, the Great Powers, and their protégés within the empire.
A unified account of culture should accommodate animal cultures
Authors: Whiten Andrew 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Discoveries about social learning and culture in non-human animals have burgeoned this century, yet despite aspiring to offer a unified account of culture, the target article neglects these discoveries almost totally. I offer an overview of principal findings in this field including phylogenetic reach, intraspecies pervasiveness, stability, fidelity, and attentional funnelling in social learning. Can the authors’ approach accommodate these?
The roles of language use and vocabulary size in the emergence of word-combining in children with complex neurodevelopmental disabilities
Authors: FOSTER-COHEN Susan , van BYSTERVELDT Anne , PAPP Viktoria 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParent report data on 82 preschool children with complex neurodevelopmental disabilities including Down syndrome, dyspraxia, autism, and global developmental delay suggests communicative language use must reach a threshold level before vocabulary size becomes the best predictor of word combining. Using the Language Use Inventory and the MacArthur-Bates CDI (with sign vocabulary option), statistical modelling using regression trees and random forests suggests that, despite high linear correlations between variables, (1) pragmatic ability, particularly children's emerging ability to talk about things, themselves and others is a significantly better predictor of the earliest word combining than vocabulary size; and (2) vocabulary size becomes a better predictor of later word combining, once this pragmatic base has been established.
Three‐Dimensional Radiative Effects By Shallow Cumulus Clouds on Dynamic Heterogeneities Over a Vegetated Surface
Authors: Veerman M. A. , Pedruzo‐Bagazgoitia X. , Jakub F. , Vilà‐Guerau de Arellano J. , van Heerwaarden C. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne‐dimensional radiative transfer solvers are computationally much more efficient than full three‐dimensional radiative transfer solvers but do not account for the horizontal propagation of radiation and thus produce unrealistic surface irradiance fields in models that resolve clouds. Here, we study the impact of using a 3‐D radiative transfer solver on the direct and diffuse solar irradiance beneath clouds and the subsequent effect on the surface fluxes. We couple a relatively fast 3‐D radiative transfer approximation (TenStream solver) to the Dutch Atmosphere Large‐Eddy Simulation (DALES) model and perform simulations of a convective boundary layer over grassland with either 1‐D or 3‐D radiative transfer. Based on a single case study, simulations with 3‐D radiative transfer develop larger and thicker clouds, which we attribute mainly to the displaced clouds shadows. With increasing cloud thickness, the surface fluxes decrease in cloud shadows with both radiation schemes but increase beneath clouds with 3‐D radiative transfer. We find that with 3‐D radiative transfer, the horizontal length scales dominating the spatial variability of the surface fluxes are over twice as large as with 1‐D radiative transfer. The liquid water path and vertical wind velocity in the boundary layer are also dominated by larger length scales, suggesting that 3‐D radiative transfer may lead to larger convective thermals. Our case study demonstrates that 3‐D radiative effects can significantly impact dynamic heterogeneities induced by cloud shading. This may change our view on the coupling between boundary‐layer clouds and the surface and should be further tested for generalizability in future studies.
Exosomes function as nanoparticles to transfer miR-199a-3p to reverse chemoresistance to cisplatin in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Kun , Shao Chu-xiao , Zhu Jin-de , Lv Xin-liang , Tu Chao-yong , Jiang Chuan , Shang Min-jie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequently seen malignant tumor globally. The occurrence of cisplatin (DDP) resistance is one of the main reasons for the high mortality of HCC patients. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and application value to explore the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance. Drug resistance can be modulated by exosomes containing mRNAs, micro RNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNA (ncRNAs). Exosomal miR-199a-3p (Exo-miR-199a-3p) was subjected to extraction and verification. Whether exo-miR-199a-3p could make HCC cells sensitive to DDP in vitro was verified via flow cytometry, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, immunofluorescence assay and Transwell assay. Intravenous injection of exo-miR-199a-3p and intraperitoneal injection of DDP were carried out in vivo. Moreover, the possible targets of miR-199a-3p were screened through bioinformatics analysis, which were ascertained by Western blotting (WB). Then, miR-199a-3p levels in human normal liver epithelial cell line HL-7702 and HCC cell lines HuH7 and HuH7/DDP were elevated in a concentration-dependent manner. Exo-miR-199a-3p has abilities to adjust underlying targets and conjugate cells, to repress cells to invade, stimulate their apoptosis and abate their ability. Additionally, the caudal injection of exo-miR-199a-3p reversed the chemoresistance of tumors and slowed down their growth in the body owing to the up-regulation of miR-199a-3p and down-regulation of underlying target proteins in tumors. Finally, exo-miR-199a-3p was found to overturn the HCC’s resistance to DDP, and it may function in DDP-refractory HCC therapy as an underlying option in the future.
Method for retrieval of atmospheric water vapor using OH airglow for correction of astronomical observations
Authors: Xu J. Y. , Liu W. J. , Bian J. C. , Liu X. , Yuan W. , Wang C. 
Published: May 2020

Context. Water vapor in the atmosphere undergoes quick spatial and temporal variations. This has a serious impact on ground-based astronomical observations from the visible band to the infrared band resulting from water vapor attenuation and emission.
Aims. We seek to show how the sky spectrum of an astronomical observation can be used to determine the amount of precipitable water vapor (PWV) along the line of sight toward the science target.
Methods. In this work, we discuss a method to retrieve the PWV from the OH(8-3) band airglow spectrum. We analyzed the influences of the pressure and temperature of the atmosphere and the different water vapor vertical distributions on the PWV retrieval method in detail. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the method was analyzed via Monte Carlo simulations. To further verify the method of PWV retrieval, we carried out cross comparisons between the PWV retrieved from OH airglow and PWV from the standard star spectra of UVES using equivalent widths of telluric absorption lines observed from 2000 to 2016 at Cerro Paranal in Chile.
Results. The Monte Carlo tests and the comparison between the two different methods prove the availability the PWV retrieval method from OH airglow. These results show that using OH airglow spectra in astronomical observations, PWVs along the same line of sight as the astronomical observations can be retrieved in real time.
Conclusions. We provide a quick and economical method for retrieving the water vapor along the same line of sight of astronomical observation in the real time. This is especially helpful to correcting the effect of water vapor on astronomical observations.