bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Final 3-Year Outcomes of MiStent Biodegradable Polymer Crystalline Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Xience Permanent Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stent
Authors: Takahashi Kuniaki , Serruys Patrick W. , Kogame Norihiro , Buszman Paweł , Lurz Philipp , Jessurun Gillian A.J. , Koch Karel T. , Troquay Roland P.T. , Hamer B.J.B , Oude Ophuis Ton , Milewski Krzysztof P. , Hofma Sjoerd H. , Wykrzykowska Joanna J. , Onuma Yoshinobu , de Winter Robbert J. , Wijns William 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Numerous randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the superiority of thin-strut biodegradable polymer second-generation drug-eluting stent to the first-generation drug-eluting stent and the noninferiority to the thin-strut second-generation permanent polymer drug-eluting stent. Data on long-term clinical outcomes with a novel ultrathin drug-eluting stent, to date, are limited.

Methods:
The DESSOLVE III trial (Multicenter Randomized Study of the MiStent Sirolimus Eluting Absorbable Polymer Stent System for Revascularization of Coronary Arteries; n=1398) is a prospective, multicenter, single-blinded, all-comers, randomized controlled trial (NCT02385279), allocating in a 1:1 ratio to either ultrathin-strut biodegradable polymer MiStent sirolimus-eluting stent or to thin-strut permanent polymer Xience everolimus-eluting stent. The primary end point was device-oriented composite end point, defined as the composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or clinically indicated target lesion revascularization. The secondary end point was patient-oriented composite end point, defined as the composite of all-cause mortality, any myocardial infarction, or any revascularization.

Results:

At 3 years, follow-up data were available in 1381 patients (98.8%). The primary end point of device-oriented composite end point occurred in 10.5% for MiStent sirolimus-eluting stent and in 11.5% for Xience everolimus-eluting stent (
P
=0.55). Rates of cardiac death (3.9% versus 3.8%;
P
=0.88), target vessel myocardial infarction (3.2% versus 2.5%;
P
=0.43), and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization (5.2% versus 6.5%;
P
=0.30) did not differ significantly between the 2 devices. The rate of definite or probable stent thrombosis was infrequent and similar between the 2 arms (1.2% versus 1.5%;
P
=0.64). The 90-day landmark analysis showed no significant difference in device-oriented composite end point between the 2 groups after polymer degradation of MiStent. The risk of patient-oriented composite end point was comparable between the 2 groups (22.7% versus 22.9%;
P
=0.34).

Conclusions:
In the DESSOLVE III trial, early safety and efficacy with MiStent sirolimus-eluting bioabsorbable polymer-coated stent are confirmed at a longer term follow-up when compared with Xience everolimus-eluting permanent polymer-coated stent in a large all-comers population.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02385279.
Computable Phenotype Implementation for a National, Multicenter Pragmatic Clinical Trial
Authors: Ahmad Faraz S. , Ricket Iben M. , Hammill Bradley G. , Eskenazi Lisa , Robertson Holly R. , Curtis Lesley H. , Dobi Cecilia D. , Girotra Saket , Haynes Kevin , Kizer Jorge R. , Kripalani Sunil , Roe Mathew T. , Roumie Christianne L. , Waitman Russ , Jones W. Schuyler , Weiner Mark G. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Many large-scale cardiovascular clinical trials are plagued with escalating costs and low enrollment. Implementing a computable phenotype, which is a set of executable algorithms, to identify a group of clinical characteristics derivable from electronic health records or administrative claims records, is essential to successful recruitment in large-scale pragmatic clinical trials. This methods paper provides an overview of the development and implementation of a computable phenotype in ADAPTABLE (Aspirin Dosing: a Patient-Centric Trial Assessing Benefits and Long-Term Effectiveness)—a pragmatic, randomized, open-label clinical trial testing the optimal dose of aspirin for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events.

Methods and Results:
A multidisciplinary team developed and tested the computable phenotype to identify adults ≥18 years of age with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease without safety concerns around using aspirin and meeting trial eligibility criteria. Using the computable phenotype, investigators identified over 650 000 potentially eligible patients from the 40 participating sites from Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Network—a network of Clinical Data Research Networks, Patient-Powered Research Networks, and Health Plan Research Networks. Leveraging diverse recruitment methods, sites enrolled 15 076 participants from April 2016 to June 2019. During the process of developing and implementing the ADAPTABLE computable phenotype, several key lessons were learned. The accuracy and utility of a computable phenotype are dependent on the quality of the source data, which can be variable even with a common data model. Local validation and modification were required based on site factors, such as recruitment strategies, data quality, and local coding patterns. Sustained collaboration among a diverse team of researchers is needed during computable phenotype development and implementation.

Conclusions:
The ADAPTABLE computable phenotype served as an efficient method to recruit patients in a multisite pragmatic clinical trial. This process of development and implementation will be informative for future large-scale, pragmatic clinical trials.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02697916.
Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Among the General Population and Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Hu Pengwei , Dharmayat Kanika I. , Stevens Christophe A.T. , Sharabiani Mansour T.A. , Jones Rebecca S. , Watts Gerald F. , Genest Jacques , Ray Kausik K. , Vallejo-Vaz Antonio J. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Contemporary studies suggest that familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is more frequent than previously reported and increasingly recognized as affecting individuals of all ethnicities and across many regions of the world. Precise estimation of its global prevalence and prevalence across World Health Organization regions is needed to inform policies aiming at early detection and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention. The present study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment and more reliable estimation of the prevalence of FH than hitherto possible in the general population (GP) and among patients with ASCVD.

Methods:
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis including studies reporting on the prevalence of heterozygous FH in the GP or among those with ASCVD. Studies reporting gene founder effects and focused on homozygous FH were excluded. The search was conducted through Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Global Health, without time or language restrictions. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of FH in the general and ASCVD populations separately and by World Health Organization regions.

Results:

From 3225 articles, 42 studies from the GP and 20 from populations with ASCVD were eligible, reporting on 7 297 363 individuals/24 636 cases of FH and 48 158 patients/2827 cases of FH, respectively. More than 60% of the studies were from Europe. Use of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria was the commonest diagnostic method. Within the GP, the overall pooled prevalence of FH was 1:311 (95% CI, 1:250–1:397; similar between children [1:364] and adults [1:303],
P
=0.60; across World Health Organization regions where data were available,
P
=0.29; and between population-based and electronic health records–based studies,
P
=0.82). Studies with ≤10 000 participants reported a higher prevalence (1:200–289) compared with larger cohorts (1:365–407;
P
<0.001). The pooled prevalence among those with ASCVD was 18-fold higher than in the GP (1:17 [95% CI, 1:12–1:24]), driven mainly by coronary artery disease (1:16; [95% CI, 1:12–1:23]). Between-study heterogeneity was large (
I
2
>95%). Tests assessing bias were nonsignificant (
P
>0.3).

Conclusions:
With an overall prevalence of 1:311, FH is among the commonest genetic disorders in the GP, similarly present across different regions of the world, and is more frequent among those with ASCVD. The present results support the advocacy for the institution of public health policies, including screening programs, to identify FH early and to prevent its global burden.
Clinical Characteristics and Management of Methamphetamine‐Associated Cardiomyopathy: State‐of‐the‐Art Review
Authors: Reddy Pavan K. V. , Ng Tien M. H. , Oh Esther E. , Moady Gassan , Elkayam Uri 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Methamphetamine‐associated cardiomyopathy (
MACM
) is an increasingly recognized disease entity in the context of a rapidly spreading methamphetamine epidemic.
MACM
may afflict individuals with a wide range of ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. Presentations can vary greatly and may involve several complications unique to the disease. Given the public health significance of this disease, there is a relative dearth of consensus material to guide clinicians in understanding, diagnosing, and managing
MACM
. This review therefore aims to: (1) describe pathologic mechanisms of methamphetamine as they pertain to the development, progression, and prognosis of
MACM
, and the potential to recover cardiac function; (2) summarize existing data from epidemiologic studies and case series in an effort to improve recognition and diagnosis of the disease; (3) guide short‐ and long‐term management of
MACM
with special attention to expected or potential sequelae of the disease; and (4) highlight pivotal unanswered questions in need of urgent investigation from a public health perspective.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients With a History of Stroke in Wuhan, China
Authors: Qin Chuan , Zhou Luoqi , Hu Ziwei , Yang Sheng , Zhang Shuoqi , Chen Man , Yu Haihan , Tian Dai-Shi , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose:
Information on stroke survivors infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. The aim of this study was to describe specific clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 with a history of stroke.

Methods:
All the confirmed cases of COVID-19 at Tongji Hospital from January 27 to March 5, 2020, were included in our cohort study. Clinical data were analyzed and compared between patients with and without a history of stroke.

Results:
Of the included 1875 patients with COVID-19, 50 patients had a history of stroke. The COVID-19 patients with medical history of stroke were older with more comorbidities, had higher neutrophil count, and lower lymphocyte and platelet counts than those without history of stroke. The levels of D-dimers, cardiac troponin I, NT pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and interleukin-6 were also markedly higher in patients with history of stroke. Stroke survivors who underwent COVID-19 developed more acute respiratory distress syndrome and received more noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Data from propensity-matched analysis indicated a higher proportion of patients with COVD-19 with a history of stroke were admitted to the intensive care unit requiring mechanical ventilation and were more likely to be held in the unit or die, compared with non-stroke history COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:
Patients with COVID-19 with a history of stroke had more severe clinical symptoms and poorer outcomes compared with those without a history of stroke.
History on the Move: Reimagining Historical Change and the (Im)possibility of Utopia in the 21st Century
Authors: Hellerma Juhan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In his meticulously researched and conceptually innovative book, Zoltán Boldizsár Simon aims to capture the historical sensibility emergent during the postwar period broadly conceived, spanning from the 1940s to our present moment. Attending particularly to the debates concerning ecological and technological outlooks, Simon theorizes that our historical horizon is increasingly shaped by the expectations of an unprecedented event that challenges the sustainability of the human subject as known today. Arguing that the concept of unprecedented change can best be explained against the backdrop of a modern processual temporal configuration originating in the eighteenth century, Simon likewise probes the same concept to illuminate a distinct relationship with the past. Elaborating on the main ideas of the book, the paper will interrogate critically Simon’s assertion whereby the novel postwar temporality is inherently dystopian, and will negotiate Simon’s engagement with presentism, which he questions as an inaccurate representation of our current regime of historicity.
The Role of Transient Eddies in North Pacific Blocking Formation and Its Seasonality
Authors: Hwang Jaeyoung , Martineau Patrick , Son Seok-Woo , Miyasaka Takafumi , Nakamura Hisashi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mechanism of North Pacific (NP) blocking formation is investigated by conducting a reanalysis-based budget analysis of the quasigeostrophic geopotential tendency equation. It is confirmed that the amplification of NP blocking anomalies primarily results from vorticity fluxes with a minor contribution of heat fluxes. In winter, the cross-frequency vorticity fluxes, resulting from interactions between high-frequency eddies and the slowly varying background flow, dominate the blocking formation. The cross-frequency vorticity fluxes, however, become substantially weaker and comparable to the low-frequency vorticity fluxes in summer. This seasonality indicates that the mechanism of NP blocking formation varies with seasons due to the different background flow. It is further found that NP blocking formation is not sensitive to the region of formation (i.e., western vs eastern NP) nor to the type of wave breaking (i.e., cyclonic vs anticyclonic wave breaking).
Factors Associated with Failure of Botulinum Toxin Injection in Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia
Authors: Zhao Kevin , Guillaud Martial , Hu Amanda 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Electromyography (EMG) Guided botulinum toxin (BTX) injection is considered first-line treatment for adductor spasmodic dysphonia (SD). Failure rate can range between 6% and 29%. Study objective was to determine which factors were associated with failure. Methods: This was a retrospective review conducted at a tertiary, academic center. Adductor SD patients presenting for BTX injections from August 2017 to October 2018 were eligible. Age, gender, Voice Handicap Index (VHI-10), Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V), number of injections, disease duration, unilateral/bilateral injection, right/left injection, dose quantity, body mass index (BMI), professional voice user, employment, psychiatric comorbidity, breathiness, and dysphagia were investigated. Outcomes included failure as defined by the patient and dosage change. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis was conducted. Results: Sixty seven out of 564 injections (12%) were categorized as failure by 131 patients. In multivariate analysis, dosage change was associated with shorter duration of good effect ( P < .001), BTX dose ( P = .016), breathiness ( P < .001), bilateral injection ( P = .024), dysphagia ( P = .012) and professional voice user ( P = .021). Failure was associated with first injection with a new physician ( P < .001), professional voice user P < .001) and lack of breathiness ( P = .003). Failure rate was not associated with age, gender, VHI-10, CAPE-V, disease duration, left/right injection, dose quantity, BMI, psychiatric comorbidity, and dysphagia. Conclusion: Failure rate was 12% and associated with patients’ first injection with a physician, professional voice user, and lack of breathiness. Dosage change occurred in 29% of injections and was associated with injection side effects, bilateral injections, BTX dose, professional voice user, and shorter duration of good effect. Level of evidence: 3
Use of Steroid-Eluting Stents after Endoscopic Repair of Choanal Atresia: A Case Series with Review
Authors: Wilcox Lyndy J. , Smith Matthew M. , de Alarcon Alessandro , Epperson Madison , Born Hayley , Hart Catherine K. 
Published: May 2020

Objective(s): To describe a single institution’s experience with the use of steroid-eluting stents after endoscopic transnasal repair of choanal atresia. Methods: A case series with review of children who underwent choanal atresia repair at a tertiary children’s hospital from June 2017 to January 2018 was performed. Those who had a mometasone drug-eluting stent (Propel® Mini, Intersect ENT Inc., Palo Alto, CA) placed after primary or secondary choanal atresia repair at our institution were included. The primary outcome measure was need for revision surgery due to stenosis. Postoperative regimens, duration of stenting, and need for return to the operating room (OR) were also assessed. Results: Five patients with a median age of 22 months at the time of repair met inclusion criteria. Two (40%) had bilateral atresia and 3 (60%) had confirmed CHARGE syndrome. A total of 6 mometasone drug-eluting stents were used in the 5 cases. Three patients were reassessed at least once in the OR; however, the majority (57.1%) of postoperative evaluations were able to be performed in the office or bedside setting. The first and last evaluations occurred a mean of 14 and 124 days after surgery, respectively. There were no instances of restenosis, repeat surgical interventions, or stent-related complications noted. Conclusion: Placement of a mometasone drug-eluting stent is a promising method to improve postoperative results and management of choanal atresia repair by limiting the need for repeat anesthetics and OR procedures, as well as the complications of traditional stents.
The Horizon of Critical Collaboration: Feminist Cogovernance and Movement-State Negotiations in El Salvador
Authors: Burridge Daniel P. 
Published: May 2020

Examination of the negotiated relationships between feminist social movements and state institutions controlled by the leftist Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front political party in El Salvador based on ethnographic research in the semiurban municipality of Suchitoto shows that “critical collaboration” characterizes the local feminist movement’s efforts to work alongside state actors in the formulation, implementation, and oversight of public policies addressing women’s rights, violence against women, and gender-equitable community development. Theoretically, critical collaboration shows that civil society actors interested in deepening emancipatory processes under moderate leftist governments need not be subordinated to constituted state power or contentiously confront it. Rather, by pursuing their agendas through critical and autonomous engagement with ostensibly sympathetic state institutions, feminist movements may engender practices and demands for flexible and responsive “cogovernance” that radically transforms elements of the state and society in the long run. A partir de una investigación etnográfica en el municipio semiurbano de Suchitoto se hace un análisis de las relaciones negociadas entre los movimientos sociales feministas y las instituciones estatales controladas por el partido político de izquierda Frente Farabundo Martí de Liberación Nacional en El Salvador. Se muestra cómo la “colaboración crítica” ha sido la característica de los esfuerzos del movimiento feminista local para trabajar junto con los actores estatales en la formulación, implementación y supervisión de políticas públicas relacionadas con los derechos de las mujeres, la violencia contra las mujeres y un desarrollo comunitario equitativo en materia de género. Teóricamente, la colaboración crítica muestra que los actores de la sociedad civil interesados en profundizar los procesos emancipatorios bajo gobiernos de izquierda moderados no necesitan estar subordinados al poder estatal ni tampoco confrontarlo. Más bien, al promover sus agendas a través de un compromiso crítico y autónomo con instituciones estatales aparentemente comprensivas, los movimientos feministas pueden generar prácticas y demandas de “cogobierno” flexible y receptivo que, a largo plazo, transformen radicalmente elementos tanto del Estado como la sociedad.
The Relationship of High Septal Deviation, the Depth of Olfactory Fossa, and Gera Angle: Is High Septal Deviation Associated With Any Anatomic Abnormalities in the Anterior Skull Base?
Authors: Onerci Altunay Zeynep , Onerci T. Metin 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To investigate the association of high septal deviation with the olfactory fossa depth and Gera angle. Methods: Fifty-four computed tomography scans of patients with high septal deviation were evaluated. The olfactory fossa depth and Gera angle were measured. The values of the deviated and nondeviated sides were compared. Results: No association between high septal deviation and the olfactory fossa depth and Gera angle was found. Conclusion: High septal deviation does not affect the olfactory fossa depth and Gera angle. In other words, the olfactory fossa depth and Gera angle have no association with the high septal deviation.
Effects of acute alcohol consumption on emotion recognition in high and low trait aggressive drinkers
Authors: Eastwood Andrew PR , Penton-Voak Ian S , Munafò Marcus R , Attwood Angela S 
Published: May 2020

Background: Research suggests that acute alcohol consumption impairs processing of emotional faces. As emotion processing plays a key role in effective social interaction, these impairments may be one mechanism by which alcohol changes social behaviour. This study investigated the effect of individual differences on this relationship by comparing emotion recognition performance after acute alcohol consumption in individuals with high and low trait aggression. Methods: Regular non-dependent drinkers, either high or low in trait aggression participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment ( N = 88, 50% high trait aggressive). Participants attended two sessions. In one they consumed an alcoholic drink (0.4 g/kg) and in the other they consumed a matched placebo. They then completed two computer-based tasks: one measured global and emotion-specific recognition performance across six primary emotions (anger, sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, surprise), the other measured processing bias of two ambiguously expressive faces (happy–angry/happy–sad). Results: There was evidence of poorer global emotion recognition after alcohol. In addition, there was evidence of poorer sensitivity to sadness and fear after alcohol. There was also evidence for a reduced bias towards happiness following alcohol and weak evidence for an increased bias towards sadness. Conclusions: These findings suggest that alcohol impairs global emotion recognition. They also highlight a reduced ability to detect sadness and fearful facial expressions. As sadness and fear are cues of submission and distress (i.e. function to curtail aggression), failure to successfully detect these emotions when intoxicated may increase the likelihood of aggressive responding. This coupled with a reduced bias towards seeing happiness may collectively contribute to aggressive behaviour.