bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a resistance training program on muscular performance adaptations: comparing three vs. four times per week
Authors: Firoozi Hossein , Arazi Hamid , Asadi Abbas 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Study aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of resistance training (RT) with three vs. four sessions per week and equated training volume on muscular adaptations in men.

Materials and methods: Thirty-three healthy young men volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly assigned to three times per week whole-body RT (RT3, n = 11), four times per week whole-body RT (RT4, n = 11) or a control group (CG, n = 11). Before and after training, participants were evaluated for one-repetition maximum (1RM) and muscular endurance (i.e., 60% of 1RM to failure) for the leg press and bench press. In addition, thigh, arm, chest, and calf circumferences, and percent body fat were assessed before and after training.

Results: The findings revealed significant main effects of time for chest and thigh circumferences (p ≤ 0.05). There were no significant group × time interactions for chest and thigh circumferences (p > 0.05), but the RT4 showed greater changes (effect size [ES]: 0.48 vs. 0.15) in chest circumference, while the RT3 showed greater changes (ES: 0.77 vs. 0.35) in thigh circumference. Significant group × time interactions were observed for the 1RM of leg and bench presses (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analyses showed greater improvements for RT3 in comparison to RT4 in 1RM bench press (p = 0.01, ES: 0.77 vs. 0.6) and leg presses (p = 0.009, ES: 0.94 vs. 0.86).

Conclusions: These results suggest that RT induces meaningful adaptive effects to improve strength and muscle size in men and RT3 appears to be more effective to induce muscular adaptations.
Reconstruction of the One-Dimensional Lebesgue Measure
Authors: Endou Noboru 
Published: June 2020

Summary
In the Mizar system ([1], [2]), Józef Białas has already given the one-dimensional Lebesgue measure [4]. However, the measure introduced by Białas limited the outer measure to a field with finite additivity. So, although it satisfies the nature of the measure, it cannot specify the length of measurable sets and also it cannot determine what kind of set is a measurable set. From the above, the authors first determined the length of the interval by the outer measure. Specifically, we used the compactness of the real space. Next, we constructed the pre-measure by limiting the outer measure to a semialgebra of intervals. Furthermore, by repeating the extension of the previous measure, we reconstructed the one-dimensional Lebesgue measure [7], [3].
Developing Complementary Rough Inclusion Functions
Authors: Grabowski Adam 
Published: June 2020

Summary
We continue the formal development of rough inclusion functions (RIFs), continuing the research on the formalization of rough sets [15] – a well-known tool of modelling of incomplete or partially unknown information. In this article we give the formal characterization of complementary RIFs, following a paper by Gomolińska [4]. We expand this framework introducing Jaccard index, Steinhaus generate metric, and Marczewski-Steinhaus metric space [1]. This is the continuation of [9]; additionally we implement also parts of [2], [3], and the details of this work can be found in [7].
The Land Use - Land Degradation Nexus in Mediterranean Landscapes – Drivers of Changes And Key Processes at Selected Natura 2000 Sites of Crete, Greece
Authors: Meyer Burghard C. , Kirsten Fabian , Sattler Dietmar , Heinrich Jürgen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The land use–land degradation nexus in Cretan landscapes in regions with Natura 2000 sites was analyzed by an explorative expert driven study based on literature, field work and photo documentation methods with the aim of determining status, drivers and key processes of change. Drivers of current land use changes have been worked out by (1) general tourism developments and tourism related land uses; (2) irrigated olive yard developments; (3) fenced large-scale goat pastures and (4) large scale greenhouses. Key processes of change have been identified and qualitatively assessed for 5 regions with NATURA 2000 areas based on a non-ranked set of 11 descriptive indicators. The analysis includes the status-description and the importance assessment of land degradation processes in selected NATURA 2000 sites. Threats and pressures taken from the NATURA 2000 documentation and the land use – land degradation nexus and the analysis are a suitable basis for future land management in order to reach land degradation neutrality. The result of our analysis opens a new research field for a better integration of the normally thematically isolated analysis in geography, biology/nature conservation and agricultural policy analysis about the drivers and processes in landscape systems towards a better understanding the trends in land cover change (e.g. vegetation/soil degradation), the trends in productivity or functioning changes caused by land uses and as well for the trends in carbon stock change.
Machine Learning Techniques for Land Use/Land Cover Classification of Medium Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery Focusing on Temporary Inundated Areas
Authors: van Leeuwen Boudewijn , Tobak Zalán , Kovács Ferenc 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Classification of multispectral optical satellite data using machine learning techniques to derive land use/land cover thematic data is important for many applications. Comparing the latest algorithms, our research aims to determine the best option to classify land use/land cover with special focus on temporary inundated land in a flat area in the south of Hungary. These inundations disrupt agricultural practices and can cause large financial loss. Sentinel 2 data with a high temporal and medium spatial resolution is classified using open source implementations of a random forest, support vector machine and an artificial neural network. Each classification model is applied to the same data set and the results are compared qualitatively and quantitatively. The accuracy of the results is high for all methods and does not show large overall differences. A quantitative spatial comparison demonstrates that the neural network gives the best results, but that all models are strongly influenced by atmospheric disturbances in the image.
Harmonization of Transport Charging in Slovak Republic
Authors: Čarný Štefan , Zitrický Vladislav , Šipuš Denis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Inland transport in European Union is facing difficult but fundamental goals to achieve. Most of them are more accurately described in the White Paper on the future of Europe. By signing the Treaty of Lisbon, every European country is obligated to fulfil the legislation of the European Parliament. The main document dealing with the transport issue and ecological aspect of transport is the White Paper, which serves as a fundamental document for establishing the legislation and standards. The European Parliament legislation must be implemented in the national legislation including e. g. regulations, decisions or recommendations of the European Parliament. The legislation based on the White Paper is closely focused on transport and the related ecological aspect. Conclusions of this document lead decisions of EU to take serious actions in many different sectors. The transport sector has a significant impact on our environment and the future of the European Union. The current main goal of transport sector is to achieve reduction in emitting pollutants in our environment, and smoothly transfer to renewable sources of energy or at least trying to minimize the resources per transport performance unit.
On the limit cycles for a class of eighth-order differential equations
Authors: Berrehail Chems Eddine , Bouslah Zineb , Makhlouf Amar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article, we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions of the eighth-order differential equation

x

(
8
)

-

(

1
+

p

2

+

λ

2

+

μ

2

)

x

(
6
)

+
A

x
⃜

+
B

x
¨

+

p

2

λ

2

μ

2

x
=
ɛ
F

(

t
,
x
,

x
˙

,

x
¨

,

x
⃛

,

x
⃜

,

x

(
5
)

,

x

(
6
)

x

(
7
)

)

,

{x^{\left( 8 \right)}} - \left( {1 + {p^2} + {\lambda ^2} + {\mu ^2}} \right){x^{\left( 6 \right)}} + A\ddddot x + B\ddot x + {p^2}{\lambda ^2}{\mu ^2}x = \varepsilon F\left( {t,x,\dot x,\ddot x,\dddot x,\ddddot x,{x^{\left( 5 \right)}},{x^{\left( 6 \right)}}{x^{\left( 7 \right)}}} \right),

where A = p
2λ2 + p
2
µ
2 + λ2
µ
2 + p
2 + λ2 + µ
2, B = p
2 λ2 + p
2
µ
2 + λ2
µ
2 + p
2λ2
µ
2, with λ, µ and p are rational numbers different from −1, 0, 1, and p ≠ ±λ, p ≠±µ, λ ≠±µ, ɛ is sufficiently small and F is a nonlinear non-autonomous periodic function. Moreover we provide some applications.
Effects of Honey (Apis mellifera and Apis cerana Species) Supplementation on Reducing Blood Lactate Concentration in Futsal Athletes
Authors: Kusnaedi Kusnaedi , Ketut Adnyana I , Apriantono Tommy , Syahruddin Syahruddin , Junaidi Junaidi , Winata Bagus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether 6-week daily consumption of honey from Apis mellifera and Apis cerana species would affect performance and reduce blood lactate in futsal athletes.

Subjects and Methods.
In this study, 30 male futsal athletes volunteered to be subjects. A group of 15 futsal athletes volunteered for random blind assignment to either an Apis mellifera honey (AM) group or an Apis cerana honey (AC) group. Each group completed tests pre- and post-supplementation for 20 m sprint test and agility t-test. Additionally, blood lactate was measured before and immediately after the tests.

Results.
Independent t-test revealed significant changes from before to after supplementation in the AC group (p=0.009) for lactate post. Conversely, independent t-test revealed no significant changes in the AM group (p=0.698) for lactate post. Regarding 20 m sprint performance, there were statistically significant differences for time (p=0.036) and group main effects (p=0.009). Specifically, independent t-test showed significant changes from before to after supplementation just in the AC group (p=0.018). For the t-test, independent t-test revealed significant changes from before to after supplementation in the AC group (p=0.013).

Conclusions.
We demonstrated that 1.14 g/kg of Apis cerana honey given once a day at breakfast for 6 weeks is more effective in reducing blood lactate concentration and enhancing agility t-test performance than 1.14 g/kg of Apis mellifera honey in futsal athletes.
Motivation of Marathon Runners in Poland
Authors: Starzak Joanna , Sas-Nowosielski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction.
In recent years, the growing number of marathon runners in the world has raised questions about the factors which motivate them. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the motivations of runners and to examine how sex, age, level of experience, and number of kilometers run per week affect motivation.

Material and methods. Motivation was assessed in 240 subjects using a questionnaire (the Polish adaptation of the Motivations of Marathoners Scales), which was completed during the three biggest marathons held in Poland in 2016.

Results.
The results revealed that in general people taking part in marathon races were primarily motivated by health and well-being, women had greater endorsement of health and psychological motives, and younger runners were motivated by competition, personal goal achievement, and self-esteem. The importance of the last two motives decreased with experience. Personal goal achievement and life meaning were predictors of training volume. Surprisingly, weight concern was a predictor of lower weekly training mileage.

Conclusions.
The present findings indicated that particular motives differed between females and males and between younger and older participants. The research results are going to help to develop effective techniques to enhance exercise motivation, depending on age, sex, and training characteristics.
Phonological Sensitivity of Bilingual and Multilingual (Primary) School Students
Authors: Deda Silvija Hanžić 
Published: June 2020

Summary
This literature overview presents findings stemming from eleven contemporary studies dealing with various aspects of phonological sensitivity in bilingual and multilingual individuals within the context of formal education. The selected studies were published in English, during the past decade, but they include several languages in various combinations. The main objective of this review is to inquire about the nature of phonological sensitivity in bilingual and multilingual individuals while they are developing their early literacy or expanding their literacy to new languages. To achieve that, findings from the selected studies were categorized according to the targeted aspects of phonological sensitivity, i.e. phonological units. The most common research designs, instruments and self-reported limitations were listed to provide a better understanding of the circumstances in which research was conducted. Phonological sensitivity of young bilinguals and multilinguals who are developing their literacy skills appears to be complex, but no distinctive advantages or disadvantages were reported in comparison to monolinguals. However, multiple varying characteristics of research participants frequently interfere with the research design, mainly because of group heterogeneity and small sample size unsuitable for generalization. For a better understanding of the topic, further research is needed, especially in the area of multilingualism.
Conveying Frenchness in the Dubbing of Animated Film Ratatouille
Authors: Satkauskaitė Danguolė , Kuzmickienė Alina 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Due to globalization, migration, tourism and other reasons multiculturalism and multilingualism have become the rule rather than the exception. In this context films, on the one hand, serve as a reflection of multilingual and multicultural reality, on the other hand, multilingualism inevitably occurs by translating films for different audiences since (interlingual) translation involves at least two languages. Films, in which characters belong to different cultures and languages, pose a considerable challenge to translators. Such a case is the American animated film “Ratatouille” (2007), which action takes place in France and most of its characters are French. However, by adapting the film for the main target audience – the children – the character identity is revealed not using complete foreign language dialogues but creatively combining various modes: verbal acoustic (dialogues and lyrics), verbal visual (written texts), nonverbal visual (images) and nonverbal acoustic (nondiegetic music). The same modes are applied to render culture-specific items, especially food and drink names. Since verbal mode varies depending on the target audience, American English source language as well as Lithuanian, Russian and French dubbed versions of the film “Ratatouille” will be compared in order to determine semiotic modes, which convey Frenchness. Additionally, by comparing selected dubbed versions of the film, amusing translations, resulting exactly from the encounter of cultures and languages, will be presented as well. For the research methodological approaches of audiovisual translation, multimodality and comparative method will be applied.
Editorial: Deciphering the Double Code of Sustainable Multilingualism
Authors: Boufoy-Bastick Béatrice 
Published: June 2020

Summary
The eight-year span in the life of our journal is the time ripe for the in-depth analysis of its development, the results that have been achieved and the prospects that could be projected for the future. Such analysis appears to be even more meaningful in view of the journal’s recent acceptance to Scopus database which opens the way to broader promotion of its scholarship in the matters of multilingualism, plurilingualism, linguistic human rights, language needs, cultural identities and other disputes. Thus, the Editorial of the 16th issue sets out to decipher the double code of ‘sustainable multilingualism’ encrypted in the tile of the journal and the concept itself: from maintaining cultural identities to the global lingua franca, threatening minority languages, from the first steps of the concept in a conference paper of 2004 to the multifaceted approaches elaborated through the topics, research constructs and research interests in the articles published over different epochs of the journal. The Editorial is rounded up by recommendations that will enhance and ensure the further growth of Sustainable Multilingualism.
Redesign Interior in Yulia 1 Homestay, Sanur, Denpasar Selatan, Bali Application of Scandinavian Concepts
Authors: Prasetya I Gede Eka , Wiryawan I Wayan 
Published: June 2020

Tourism in Bali is an important economic sector for the people of Bali. Tourism is synonymous with an lodging. In every place, especially tourist destinations, there must be many lodging facilities. Sanur as one of the tourist destinations cer-tainly has many choices of lodging places such as homestays, competition between homestays in attracting interested local and foreign guests is getting tighter. The bedroom and bathroom are the most important part of a homestay. In de-signing space in the bedroom and bathroom of Yulia 1 Homestay Sanur uses the Scandinavian Concept in the hope of giving a different identity than other homestays without reducing comfort. The Scandinavian concept has a neutral color and simple character in the selection of furniture.
Index Terms— interior design, homestay, bedroom, bathroom, scandinavian.
The Use of Indoglish in Faculty of Arts, Udayana University-Bali
Authors: Sedeng I Nyoman , Indrawati Ni Luh Ketut Mas 
Published: June 2020

This study is aimed at 1) identifying the form of linguistic level of Indoglish commonly used in communication in Faculty of Arts, Udayana University Bali; 2) identifying the reasons of speakers when using Indoglish in the campus; and 3) analyzing the impacts of its usage on the speakers Indonesian language. As a source of data, this study uses various forms of authentic conversation that focus on the emergence of Indoglish in Faculty of Arts, Udayana University Bali, which was collected through recording and note taking techniques. In addition, the data was also gathered through filling out questionnaires by 184 respondents consisting of students, lecturers and employees in the faculty. The questionnaires focused more on questions about the respondents’ motives behind their using of Indoglish in their communication. The data was then analyzed and presented qualitatively using the theories proposed by Weinrich [1] and Holmes [2].The results of this study indicate that the form of Indoglish linguistic level used in communication between students, lecturers and staff in the Faculty of Arts of Udayana University is at 3 different levels, namely at the word level(71.96%), the level of the phrase(12.15%) and the clause / sentence level(15.89%; the dominant motives behind the use of the language are to facilitate speaking / convey intentions (34.9%) and that they do not know the correct interpretation in Indonesian (33.7%). As many as 16% of respondents stated that it is for familiarity, 10.9% to show affirmation intentions, and 1.2% used the term to express irritation; although most respondents gave a positive response to the impacts of the use of Indoglish together with their Indonesian language, it is still needed to develop a positive attitude towards the use of the correct and appropriate Indonesian in order to optimize the dynamics and poise of the language.
Index Terms— linguistic level, indoglish, impact, emergence.
How did food consumption affect architecture?
Authors: Seuken Annika 
Published: June 2020

The essence of this paper is to highlight the cultural differences between two geographically separate cultures. Two aspects are examined: food culture and tourism. In general, as will be shown later in some figures, tourism in Bali and in general will increase steadily. There will be growing new problems and consequences, which I will explain in order to make their dimensions known. Of course, there is also the question of what opportunities this will bring. There will also be insights into the opinions of local Germans and Balinese. I will use the empirical method, i.e. I will look for suitable sources on the basis of my research question. I will use the university network ProQuest and search for keywords, as listed below. I will also search the WordWideWeb for appropriate statistics on the development of tourism to support my theses. My results show that tourism development has two sides, one positive and one negative. It can come to networks between the different nations, continents and cultures, which is naturally a large enrichment on both sides. On the other hand, mass tourism destroys large parts of indigenous nature and culture. The aim is that more and more tourists will be able to come and, little by little, the actual cultural heritage, such as traditional architecture, will be lost.
Index Terms— Cultural heritage, cultural differences, food culture, tourism development, traditional archi-tecture
The word Aborigine (Given by the Latin Word Aborigine ,,from the Beginning‘‘) Generally Means Indigenous People.
Authors: Ortner Nathalie 
Published: June 2020

We hope you win your battle... we know what it's like to fight for your rights.“ – Carol Barker, Aborigine (2000). By dreams we mean the belief that these beings long ago started human society - they made all natural things and put them in a special place. These dreaming beings were connected with special places or ways and paths.“ – Aborigine man (2014). We're still living in pain and trauma.“ – Yalmay Yunupingu, Aborigine (2014). If we lose this bond to the country, there will be nothing left. We will be wiped out. We exist as a people through our ancestral land. That is all we are.“ – Adrian Burragubba, Aborigine (2015).
Index Terms— Aborigine, Latin, word.
The Transformation of Vernacular Architecture in Indonesia in Relation to Colonisation By the Dutch
Authors: Vogelsang Saskia 
Published: June 2020

During my semester abroad at the Udayana University in Denpasar, Bali, I increasingly felt the need to deal with the culture, lifestyle and way of life of Indonesians, among other things with regard to their housing situation. During my studies at the university I realized that the colonization of the Dutch had an influence on the life of the locals and I asked myself to what extent the colonization had an influence on the architecture. In class I learned a lot about traditional buildings in Indonesia, during an excursion to Taman Nusa, an Indonesian Culture Park, I was able to examine them personally and draw comparisons. In everyday life, however, I have seen very little of such architecture in and around Denpasar and therefore wanted to gain an understanding of its development. In order to be able to deal with the topic, I first of all dealt with what transformation means to me, especially in relation to architecture. I also dealt with colonization and its temporal implications for Indonesia. It was important for me to find out what influence the Dutch had on Indonesian lifestyles during the years of upheaval and what changes there were in architecture as a result. In conclusion, the results were that the influence on architecture might not necessarily be a transformation, but that architecture was replaced by Western structures and then further developed to adapt it to the circumstances. This results in a new understanding for the current architecture in cities and also for the fact that vernacular architecture is not to be found in these.
Index Terms— Colonisation, Replace, Transformation, Vernacular Architecture