bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Jet in Crossflow: Effect of Momentum Flux Ratio on Spray and Vaporization Characteristics
Authors: Kamin Manu , Khare Prashant 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A comprehensive study is conducted to identify the effects of momentum flux ratio on the spray and vaporization characteristics of liquid jet injected in air crossflow at elevated temperatures, a configuration relevant to high-speed propulsion systems, such as ramjets and afterburners. The physical setup consists of a straight chamber with a triangular bluff body down-stream of the liquid injection location. The numerical simulations are based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian framework, where the gas phase flow behaviors such as recirculation zones, turbulence statistics, mixing of vaporized liquid and gas streams are resolved by solving the complete set of three-dimensional conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and species, and the liquid phase is treated using the blob approach and tracked in a Lagrangian coordinate system. Turbulence closure is achieved using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. Primary breakup of the liquid jet is simulated using the K-H wave breakup model, and the Taylor Analogy Breakup (TAB) model is used for secondary breakup. Two-way coupling between the liquid and gas phases is implemented in the LES framework to systematically model the exchange of mass, momentum and energy between the two phases. The formulation is validated against experimental measurements of liquid jet penetration and sauter mean diameter for a Weber number of 68 and momentum flux ratio of 9 at two temperatures, 298K and 573K. Results show excellent agreement with measurements for both cases. Next, simulations are conducted for a range of momentum flux ratios from 10–140 to identify the detailed gas and spray fields for vaporizing flow cases. This study helps to estimate the penetration of the liquid jet, droplet distribution, and then, location of the core of evaporated liquid in the gas-phase are quantitatively identified.
Low Fidelity Design and Analysis Parametric Tool for General Centrifugal Compressors
Authors: Muppana Sai , Siddappaji Kiran , Abdallah Shaaban , Turner Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Performance prediction and blade generation in a preliminary design stage of centrifugal compressors is critical to have a successful design. In this paper, a one-dimensional meanline design and analysis tool has been developed for single-rotor and novel multi-rotor centrifugal impellers. Loss models used for performance prediction of single stage compressors have been extended to single hub multi-rotor compressors to evaluate isentropic efficiency and pressure ratio. Stage conditions like work ratio and stator turning angle are given as input parameters and the tool computes flow properties along the meanline and also, generates velocity triangles, streamlines, smooth definition of blade angles at different spanwise sections. The tool acts a preprocessor for Tblade3 which is an in-house 3D parametric blade geometry generator to create blades. A 0D tool has been developed for multi-rotor impellers to provide an estimate of work ratio. 0D coupled with 1D tool can provide a good preliminary design point. The process of 0D to blade generation has been automated enabling it to connect with high-fidelity analysis. The motivation to create this tool is to calculate flow angles, metal angles, velocity triangles, ease of parametric modification and reduce aero-design cycle time. This tool is modular which adds the flexibility of capability extension. The code is validated with DLR centrifugal compressor experimental data. The 1D tool is also used to calculate performance and blade angles for the novel single hub multi-rotor centrifugal compressor demonstrating the versatility of the low fidelity tool. The tool suite is written in Python and is open source https://github.com/msaisiddhartha/CIMdes.
Integrated Turbine Design Using Evolutionary Strategies to Minimize Fuel Burn
Authors: Hartfield Roy J. , Cervantes Noel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the use of an Evolutionary Strategies optimization scheme to optimize the rotor blade section of a high-pressure turbine stage for minimum fuel burn. The goal is to determine if the blade optimization can result in an overall engine performance upgrade by minimizing the fuel required. To ascertain the overall effect of turbine improvement on fuel burn specifically, the remainder of the engine is modeled using the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation tool. The result is a 0.082% improvement in fuel burn. The paper details the resulting configuration and identifies some strategies which are emerging for improving turbine design.
Potential of Semi-Closed Cycles for UAV Propulsion
Authors: Tacconi Jacopo , Visser Wilfried , Verstraete Dries 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Conventional Brayton cycles have demonstrated to be significantly less efficient than alternative propulsion systems (spark ignition, diesel, fuel cells, etc.) for low power output applications, such as for small size UAVs.
The gas turbine performance could be enhanced through the introduction of heat exchangers, with the consequent increase of the overall engine weight. Semi-closed cycles have documented advantages of higher thermal efficiency and degree of compactness than traditional intercooled-recuperated open cycles.
This paper discusses advantages and applicability of semi-closed cycles to a small gas turbine, designed for a medium altitude UAV mission. In particular, size and altitude effects have been accounted in the performance evaluation of two different semi-closed cycle arrangements designed for an output shaft power of 100 hp (74.57 kW).
Resultant performance has been compared with equivalent simple recuperated and intercooled-recuperated open cycles. Furthermore, a final engine performance comparison has been made with data obtained from a similar analysis performed on a larger engine, with a power output of 300 hp (223.71 kW) and designed for an extremely high altitude UAV application.
While promising results have been obtained for the larger case study, where semi-closed cycles have demonstrated superior performance and higher engine compactness than conventional solutions, similar trends have not been displayed for the smaller engines, as consequence of the strong size effects observed in the turbomachinery performance. For the 100 hp engine the semi-closed cycles are slightly outperformed by the open cycle engines.
The Effect of 30-Second Sprints During Prolonged Exercise on Gross Efficiency, Electromyography, and Pedaling Technique in Elite Cyclists
Authors: Almquist Nicki Winfield , Ettema Gertjan , Hopker James , Sandbakk Øyvind , Rønnestad Bent R. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Cycling competitions are often of long duration and include repeated high-intensity efforts. Purpose: To investigate the effect of repeated maximal sprints during 4 hours of low-intensity cycling on gross efficiency (GE), electromyography patterns, and pedaling technique compared with work-matched low-intensity cycling in elite cyclists. Methods: Twelve elite, male cyclists performed 4 hours of cycling at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake either with 3 sets of 3 × 30-second maximal sprints (E&S) during the first 3 hours or a work-matched cycling without sprints (E) in a randomized order. Oxygen uptake, electromyography, and pedaling technique were recorded throughout the exercises. Results: GE was reduced from start to the end of exercise in both conditions (E&S: 19.0 [0.2] vs 18.1 [0.2], E: 19.1% [0.2%] vs 18.1% [0.2%], both P = .001), with no difference in change between conditions (condition × time interaction, P = .8). Integrated electromyography increased from start to end of exercise in m. vastus lateralis and m. vastus medialis (m. vastus medialis: 9.9 [2.4], m. vastus lateralis: 8.5 [4.0] mV, main effect of time: P < .001 and P = .03, respectively) and E&S increased less than E in m. vastus medialis (mean difference −3.3 [1.5] mV, main effect of condition: P = .03, interaction, P = .06). The mechanical effectiveness only decreased in E&S (E&S: −2.2 [0.7], effect size = 0.24 vs E: −1.3 [0.8] percentage points: P = .04 and P = .8, respectively). The mean power output during each set of 3 × 30-second sprints in E&S did not differ (P = .6). Conclusions: GE decreases as a function of time during 4 hours of low-intensity cycling. However, the inclusion of maximal repeated sprinting does not affect the GE changes, and the ability to sprint is maintained throughout the entire session.
Physical Activity in Older Cancer Survivors: What Role Do Multimorbidity and Perceived Disability Play?
Authors: Bluethmann Shirley M. , Foo Wayne , Winkels Renate M. , Mama Scherezade K. , Schmitz Kathryn H. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: (a) To describe the relationship of multimorbidity and physical activity (PA) in cancer survivors and (b) to explore perceived disability and PA in middle-aged and older survivors. Methods: The authors analyzed the data from cancer survivors (N = 566), identified using the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry, who responded to a Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System-derived questionnaire. They created age groups (e.g., 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and older) and calculated a composite score of eight common comorbidities (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease) to assess multimorbidity. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association of demographic and behavioral/clinical risk factors (e.g., multimorbidity, perceived disability, body mass index) with PA. Results: Most respondents were females (62%), older (mean age = 68 years) and represented diverse cancer sites, including breast (n = 132), colorectal (n = 102), gynecologic (n = 106), prostate (n = 111), and lung (n = 80). PA participation was mixed; 44% of survivors reported achieving >150 min of aerobic PA, but half of lung and 37% of gynecologic survivors reported no PA (0 min/week). Higher multimorbidity (odds ratio = 0.82, confidence interval [0.69, 0.98], p < .05), obesity (odds ratio = 0.51, confidence interval [0.30, 0.86], p < .05), and perceived disability (odds ratio = 0.49, confidence interval [0.32, 0.77], p < .001) were negatively associated with PA participation. Strength training was suboptimal across all survivors. Conclusion: Most older survivors experienced comorbid conditions, and this was associated with less PA. Survivors who perceived themselves as disabled or who were obese were half as likely as others to participate in PA. This suggests an increasing need to address both physical and psychological limitations in designing PA interventions for real-world needs. Exercise interventions that address the unique needs of older survivors for multimorbidity, obesity, and perceived disability may strengthen opportunities for PA.
A Controlled Evaluation of a CBPR Intervention’s Effects on Physical Activity and the Related Psychosocial Constructs Among Minority Children in an Underserved Community
Authors: Hamilton Kara C. , Richardson Mark T. , McGraw Shanda , Owens Teirdre , Higginbotham John C. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Effective physical activity interventions are needed for children because health behaviors track into adulthood, and risk factors for diseases begin early in life. No study has determined whether an intervention designed using a Community-Based Participatory Research approach can improve moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the related psychosocial constructs in underserved children. This study determined whether improvements in MVPA and related psychosocial constructs (self-efficacy, knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and skills) occurred following a Community-Based Participatory Research intervention in underserved, rural children. It was then determined if these constructs were mediators of MVPA.Methods: Two fifth-grade classes at a school (n = 19 and n = 20) were randomly assigned to an intervention or comparison group. The intervention group participated in a 4-week intervention designed to improve MVPA (wGT3X-BT accelerometer; ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL) and the related psychosocial constructs (written survey). Groups were assessed prior to and immediately following the intervention.Results: There were no differences at baseline between groups. MVPA (30.0 [4.4] min), knowledge, and skill scores were significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the comparison group at follow-up (P < .05). Knowledge and skills were mediating variables of MVPA.Conclusions: Priority should be placed on research that determines the sustained impact of similar Community-Based Participatory Research interventions.
Effectiveness, treatment durability, and treatment costs of canagliflozin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes in the USA
Authors: Singhal Mukul , Tan Hiangkiat , Coleman Craig I , Han Michelle , Nguyen Chi , Ingham Michael 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionThis real-world study compared glycemic effectiveness, treatment durability, and treatment costs with canagliflozin 300 mg versus any dose of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the USA.Research design and methodsA retrospective cohort study using administrative claims and laboratory data (1 April 2012 to 28 February 2017) from the HealthCore Integrated Research Database were used to assess mean HbA1c at 3-month intervals, achievement of HbA1c thresholds (<7.0%, <8.0%, <9.0%), and treatment durability (ie, adherence, discontinuation, switching, treatment failure (ie, exceeding threshold (7.0%, 8.0%, 9.0%), having a prescription for a new antihyperglycemic agent)) in adults with T2DM who initiated canagliflozin 300 mg or any dose of a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Medication costs were calculated for adherent patients.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the primary outcome of HbA1c levels at 3-month intervals (≤12 months) in the canagliflozin 300 mg versus any dose GLP-1 receptor agonist cohort. The likelihood of achieving HbA1c<8.0% was not different (p=0.666), the likelihood of achieving HbA1c<7.0% was lower (p=0.016), and the likelihood of achieving HbA1c<9.0% was higher (p=0.020) in the canagliflozin 300 mg versus any dose GLP-1 receptor agonist cohort. The likelihood of treatment failure after reaching any HbA1c target was not different between cohorts. A higher proportion of patients were adherent to treatment (p<0.0001) and a lower proportion discontinued (p<0.0001) or switched medication (p=0.023) in the canagliflozin 300 mg versus any dose GLP-1 receptor agonist cohort. Over 1 year, medication costs were $1421 (p<0.001) lower with canagliflozin 300 mg than any dose of GLP-1 receptor agonists.ConclusionsThis real-world, US-based study found that initiation of canagliflozin 300 mg versus any dose of a GLP-1 receptor agonist in patients with T2DM was not associated with significant differences in the primary outcome of HbA1c levels at 3-month intervals for up to 12 months after index, but showed better adherence, less discontinuation, and lower drug acquisition costs compared with initiation of any dose of a GLP-1 receptor agonist.
Novel phenotypes observed in patients withETV6-linked leukaemia/familial thrombocytopenia syndrome and a biallelicARID5Brisk allele as leukaemogenic cofactor
Authors: Karastaneva Anna , Nebral Karin , Schlagenhauf Axel , Baschin Marcel , Palankar Raghavendra , Juch Herbert , Heitzer Ellen , Speicher Michael R , Höfler Gerald , Grigorow Irina , Urban Christian , Benesch Martin , Greinacher Andreas , Haas Oskar A , Seidel Markus G 
Published: November 2019

Background.The phenotypes of patients with the recently discovered, dominant,ETV6-linked leukaemia predisposition and familial thrombocytopenia syndrome are variable, and the exact mechanism of leukaemogenesis remains unclear.Patients and Methods.Here, we present novel clinical and laboratory phenotypes of seven individuals from three families withETV6germline mutations and a refined genetic analysis of one child with additional high-hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (HD-ALL), aiming to elucidate second oncogenic hits.Results.Four individuals from two pedigrees harboured one novel or one previously described variant in the central domain ofETV6(c.592C>T, p.Gln198* or c.641C>T, p.Pro241Leu, respectively). Neutropenia was an accompanying feature in one of these families that also harboured a variant inRUNX1(c.1098_1103dup, p.Ile366_Gly367dup), while in the other, an autism-spectrum disorder was observed. In the third family, the index patient suffered from HD-ALL and life-threatening pulmonary mucor mycosis, and had a positive family history of ‘immune’ thrombocytopenia. Genetic analyses revealed a novel heterozygous mutation in the ETS domain ofETV6(c.1136T>C, p.Leu379Pro) along with absence of heterozygosity of chromosome (10)(q21.2q21.3), yielding a biallelic leukaemia risk allele inARID5B(rs7090445-C). The neutrophil function was normal in all individuals tested, and the platelet immune histochemistry of all three pedigrees showed delta-storage-pool defect-like features and cytoskeletal defects.Conclusions.Our clinical observations and results of high-resolution genetic analyses extend the spectrum of possible phenotypes cosegregating withETV6germline mutations. Further, we proposeARID5Bas potential leukaemogenic cofactor in patients withETV6-linked leukaemia predisposition and familial thrombocytopenia syndrome.
Have ignorance and abuse of authorship criteria decreased over the past 15 years?
Authors: Decullier Evelyne , Maisonneuve Hervé 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveA high prevalence of authorship problems can have a severe impact on the integrity of the research process. We evaluated the authorship practices of clinicians from the same university hospital in 2019 to compare them with our 2003 data and to find out if the practices had changed.MethodsPractitioners were randomly selected from the hospital database (Hospices Civils de Lyon, France). The telephone interviews were conducted by a single researcher (HM) using a simplified interview guide compared with the one used in 2003. The doctors were informed that their answers would be aggregated without the possibility of identifying the respondents. During the interviews, the researcher ticked the boxes with the answers on a paper file.ResultsWe interviewed 26 clinicians (mean age 49±8 years) from various medical specialties. They were unfamiliar with the ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors) criteria for writing medical articles and felt that these criteria were not well met in general. With regard to ways of reducing the practice of honorary authors, the participants clearly felt that asking for a signature was hypocritical and of little use. The ghost authors were well known; this practice was considered as rather rare. The ‘publish or perish’ has always been cited as being responsible for bad practices (26/26: 100%). We compared these results with those observed in 2003 and no improvement has been observed in the past 15 years.ConclusionFor the second time in France, within a 15-year interval, we have shown that the ICMJE criteria were ignored and that honorary authorship was frequent.
Grasping adjustments to haptic, visual, and visuo-haptic object perturbations are contingent on the sensory modality
Authors: Camponogara Ivan , Volcic Robert 
Published: November 2019

Haptics provides information about the size and position of a handheld object. However, it is still unknown how haptics contributes to action correction if a sudden perturbation causes a change in the configuration of the handheld object. In this study, we have occasionally perturbed the size of an object that was the target of a right-hand reach-to-grasp movement. In some cases, participants were holding the target object with their left hand, which provided haptic information about the object perturbation. We compared the corrective responses to perturbations in three different sensory conditions: visual (participants had full vision of the object, but haptic information from the left hand was prevented), haptic (object size was sensed by the left hand and vision was prevented), and visuo-haptic (both visual and haptic information were available throughout the movement). We found that haptic inputs evoked faster contralateral corrections than visual inputs, although actions in haptic and visual conditions were similar in movement duration. Strikingly, the corrective responses in the visuo-haptic condition were as fast as those found in the haptic condition, a result that is contrary to that predicted by simple summation of unisensory signals. These results suggest the existence of a haptomotor reflex that can trigger automatic and efficient grasping corrections of the contralateral hand that are faster than those initiated by the well-known visuomotor reflex and the tactile-motor reflex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that online grip aperture corrections during grasping actions are contingent on the sensory modality used to detect the object perturbation. We found that sensing perturbations with the contralateral hand only (haptics) leads to faster action corrections than when object perturbations are only visually sensed. Moreover, corrections following visuo-haptic perturbations were as fast as those to haptic perturbations. Thus a haptomotor reflex triggers faster automatic responses than the visuomotor reflex.
Чи може бути гормонотерапія елементом комбінованого радикального лікування хворих на низькодиференційований рак сечового міхура?
Authors: Yakovlev P. G. 
Published: November 2019

Мета роботи: визначити відмінності в захворюваності на низькодиференційований (G3) рак сечового міхура (РСМ), показники загальної виживаності після радикального хірургічного лікування залежно від статі та стадії хвороби та оцінити можливий вплив гормональних факторів на дані відмінності і доцільність проведення відповідної гормональної терапії.
Матеріали і методи. Ретроспективно проаналізовано за допомогою методу Каплан–Майєр 364 історії хвороби пацієнтів (чоловіків – 305, жінок – 59), які проходили радикальне хірургічне лікування з приводу G3 РСМ із метою виявлення статистично значущої кореляції між статтю пацієнта, показниками захворюваності та результатами виживаності залежно від клінічної стадії РСМ.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Співвідношення чоловіків до жінок склало 5,2:1. Зі збільшенням клінічної стадії G3 РСМ кількість захворілих жінок зменшується пропорційно стадії раку. Статистично достовірну відмінність виявлено лише між кривими виживаності хворих зі стадією IV G3 РСМ з р<0,05 з достовірно кращими результати виживаності жінок. Результати 5-річної виживаності хворих в стадії ІI, III та IV кращі серед жінок. Дані попередніх досліджень вказують на зниження експресії андрогенних та зростання експресії естрогенних рецепторів зі збільшенням стадії РСМ, що ймовірно впливає на ініціювання, прогресію РСМ та модуляцію ними впливу інших етіологічних чинників РСМ.