bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinically Relevant Drug-Drug Interactions and Management Strategies: A Hospital based Study
Authors: Sharma Arun , Khadka Sitaram , Kunwar Bimal , Amgain Kapil , Joshi Rinku , Dahal Sadhana , Acharya Smriti , Magar Mohit Thapa 
Published: December 2020

Background: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are one of the significant drug related problems encountered in clinical settings. Better understanding of the mechanisms, severity, and likely consequences of clinically significant DDIs are essential for proper medication therapy management (MTM). This study is conducted with the aim to aware clinical practitioners about clinically significant DDIs that occur in clinical settings and to help them manage such events with the accurate knowledge and technique.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu on the prescription of medical out-patient department from June to November 2020. Total 483 prescriptions were selected randomly. A panel of physicians, pharmacologists and clinical pharmacists under the supervision of a consultant physician using MICROMEDEX DRUG-REAX, Evaluation of Drug Interactions, Drug Interaction Facts, Drug Interactions: Analysis and Management was conducted. Main outcome measure was obtained by the supervisor’s endorsement on panelists' opinion about clinical importance of DDIs.
Results: A total of 2006 medicines were prescribed in 483 prescription samples. The number of drugs per prescription was in a range from 2 to 11 with 4.15 on average. DDIs were found in 21.53% prescriptions (n=104). 168 DDIs were identified with major, moderate, and minor types in 32 (19%), 85 (51%), and 51 (30%) respectively. As per occurrence, the panel determined that 13 interactions were clinically important.
Conclusion: The drug interactions identified by a panel of expert using standard evaluation tool are considered to be clinically important and likely to occur in the clinical settings. Clinically significant DDIs can be preventable and can also be used for the beneficial effects in MTM. Adequate knowledge regarding nature of DDIs, inclusion of automated system in prescribing and dispensing area, and inter-professional collaboration of a clinical team is liable to prevent and manage such events and help in rational drug therapy.
341 NOLU EDİRNE ŞER'İYYE SİCİLİNE GÖRE: 1825-1827 YILLARI ARASI EDİRNE'DE SOSYAL HAYAT
Authors: ÖZER Ülkiye 
Published: December 2020

Osmanlı Devleti’nin ikinci başkenti olan Edirne, tarih boyunca Balkan coğrafyasında stratejik bir konuma sahip olmuştur. Bugün pek çok kurumun görevini bünyesinde toplayan kadılık müessesesi, Osmanlı Devleti’nde bulunduğu bölgenin yargı, idari, beledi ve noter gibi işlemlerini yerine getirmekteydi. Bu süreçte kadı veya yardımcıları tarafından bu işlemlerin kayıtlarının tutulduğu kadı sicilleri, pek çok tarihi bilgiyi içermektedirler.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1825-1826-1827 yıllarına ait Edirne şer‘iyye sicilinin projeksiyonuyla dönemin toplumsal tarihine bir nebze de olsa katkıda bulunmaktır. Sicil, kısa bir zamanı kapsamasına rağmen Edirne’nin sosyal, iktisadi, idari ve yargı tarihine ait önemli bilgiler içermektedir. Daha çok Osmanlı halkının günlük yaşamını içeren bu defterde mülk satışı ve icarı, alacak, boşanma, nafaka, cinayet, hırsızlık, yaralama, tecavüz, mahalleden ihraç, ihtida, miras, hizmet bedeli, keşif ve hakaret davaları gibi konular yer almaktadır.
Indicadores da OCDE e suas implicações para a política de educação superior no Brasil
Authors: Palavezzini Juliana , Alves Jolinda Moraes 
Published: December 2020

O ensaio versa sobre o panorama do ensino superior brasileiro, segundo a OCDE (Organização para a Cooperação do Desenvolvimento Econômico), com o objetivo de analisar os indicadores apresentados e apontar os principais desafios desse nível educacional na atualidade. Analisa três indicadores expressos no relatório “Education At a Glance 2018 – indicators OECD”: escolarização e mercado de trabalho; acesso da população à educação superior e recursos financeiros aplicados em educação. Os resultados demonstram que, no Brasil, há forte relação entre os níveis de escolaridade, empregabilidade e renda. Há baixa cobertura do ensino superior, especialmente, na oferta via rede pública. Ainda assim, a OCDE tem recomendado o deslocamento dos investimentos financeiros para outros níveis educacionais, promovendo a defesa do ensino técnico, o que coloca grandes desafios ao ensino superior.
Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior. OCDE. Indicadores. Desafios.
A segurança pública a partir de lentes interseccionais sobre raça, classe e gênero
Authors: Pimentel Costa Elaine Cristina 
Published: December 2020

A relação entre segurança pública e racismo está no cerne do texto de Andréa Pires Rocha, que se propõe a pensá-los como pilares sustentadores do Estado burguês, proporcionando diversas reflexões acerca do capitalismo e das práticas punitivas no Brasil.
Amparada em importantes referenciais teóricos da filosofia política, das ciências sociais, da literatura e da criminologia crítica, a autora transita entre categorias como singularidade, particularidade e universalidade, nas matrizes do materialismo histórico-dialético de Marx, para tecer uma severa crítica à sociabilidade burguesa e seus desdobramentos no campo da segurança pública, marcada pelo racismo estrutural. Dialoga, então, como os escritos de Michelle Alexandrer (2017), Magali da Silva Almeida (2014), Angela Davis (2018), Lélia González (1984), Silvio Almeida (2018), Abdias Nascimento (2016), Ana Flauzinha (2008), Juliana Borges (2018), Alessandro Baratta (1999), David Garland (2014), Loïc Wacquant (2001 e 2013), George Rusche e Otto Kirchheimer (2004), além de Erick Williams (2012), Frederick Engels (1984) e Lênin (2007), numa interessante interface teórica entre os estudos sobre raça e a criminologia crítica, que a leva à construção de sólidos argumentos em torno dos temas da segurança pública e do racismo.
O texto aponta elementos importantes para pensar o Estado capitalista como um Estado historicamente penal, sustentado pelo princípio burguês da segurança, que estabelece uma relação simbiótica com o racismo, opressão fortemente estruturada no capitalismo.
Estilos de liderazgo y cultura organizacional de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Tayacaja, Huancavelica, Perú
Authors: MEDINA CASTRO DARÍO EMILIANO , YAURI CONDOR MARIO REVELINO , MANAYAY SÁNCHEZ DAMIÁN 
Published: December 2020

Se identificó el estilo de liderazgo de mayor prevalencia en trabajadores de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Tayacaja, Huancavelica, Perú y la cultura organizacional, aplicando el Inventario de Rowe y la encuesta de Daniel Denison al total de trabajadores directivos y docentes de la universidad; prevalece en un 52% el estilo de liderazgo analítico, seguida de los estilos directivo y analítico-conceptual, no dejan de ser importantes los estilos conductuales, analítico-directivo y conceptual. La cultura organizacional de la universidad Nacional Autónoma de Tayacaja, es vista como una institución con fortalezas importantes tanto en el frente externo como en el interno; en el frente externo, resalta en primer lugar la promoción del aprendizaje institucional seguida de la creación de cambios y el enfoque de servicio al cliente, en tanto que en el frente interno destaca la capacitación del recurso humano, el desarrollo de una orientación de trabajo en equipo y el desarrollo de destrezas organizacionales, factores de cultura organizacional que corresponden al rasgo de Participación en el desarrollo institucional; la definición de valores básicos, el esfuerzo para llegar a acuerdos y evitar conflictos innecesarios y la gestión de niveles de coordinación e integración resaltan la consistencia organizativa.
Contracting Out of Health Services for Province-level Integration of Healthcare System: Effect on Equity
Authors: Capeding Theo Prudencio Juhani Z. , Zarsuelo Ma-Ann M. , Lam Hilton Y. , Silva Ma. Esmeralda C. , Mendoza Michael Antonio F. 
Published: December 2020

Background. The recently enacted Universal Health Care (UHC) Act prioritizes the provision of a comprehensive set of quality and accessible services. However, the devolution of health services has led to inequitable investments in healthcare resulting to disparities in health outcomes between areas. One of the strategies considered that could minimize these differences is the contracting out of health services to the private sector. This review focuses on mapping equity-related issues and concerns with regard to contracting out health services.
Methods. A modified systematic search of literature using published journal articles through PubMed and Google Scholar and other pertinent reports and manuals was conducted on issues of equity and health service contracting.
Results and Discussion. There is currently a dearth of literature on the effect of contracting services on health equity outcomes, particularly on the impact of contracting out on equity. Limited studies showed that contracting out can potentially improve equity by increasing service utilization. Mechanisms on how contracting out could potentially affect equity were also found.
Results mainly suggest that concrete steps should be taken to ensure equitable access and improvement in health outcomes among population subgroups. To provide a framework in applying possible insights from the review, discussion of the literature review was framed in the context of establishing performance-based contracting. It was emphasized that including representatives from the underserved populations and patient groups during stakeholder consultations were crucial to provide localized context for the inclusive development of contracting arrangements. Other strategies that were highlighted included: establishing monitoring systems that disaggregate data between groups, selecting contractors that have the capacity to reach and provide services to the underserved, and making sure that these contractors are also open to data sharing for economic evaluation of services.
Conclusion and Recommendations. Despite the paucity of data on the impact of contracting out services on equity, mechanisms explaining the effect of contracting on equity were put forward and illustrated. These findings can be considered by policy makers and program developers in the operationalization of service agreements between the public and private sectors.
Policy Analysis on Financing Roles for Population- and Individual-based Health Services in Light of the Universal Health Care Act
Authors: Estacio, Jr. Leonardo R. , Avila Christine Mae S. , Zarsuelo Ma-Ann M. , Silva Ma. Esmeralda C. , Mendoza Michael Antonio F. , Padilla Carmencita D. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives. The health financing scheme brought by the Universal Health Care Act has a significant change in the landscape of allocating funds for health services, as well as in the delineation of roles among the key actors. Consistent with the law, the protection from the health financial risks of Filipinos must be guaranteed. This study aimed to determine the roles of the government and other key agencies in financing population-based and individual-based health services in the Philippines.
Methods. A systematic review of literature was done to generate evidence for the policy brief and proposed policy alternatives. The UP Manila Health Policy Development Hub organized a roundtable discussion in collaboration with the Department of Health participated by key stakeholders from various sectors involved in the policy issue. Systematic review and insights from the discussion were analyzed to produce consensus policy recommendations.
Results. Given the current procurement and financing, the DOH should fund population-based services while PhilHealth, with the assistance of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) for premium holders, should fund individual-based services. Health programs with grey areas (i.e. with both individual- and population-based services) need further technical discussions. It is imperative to have clear-cut specific guidelines on the managerial and financial roles of the provincial health board and the scope of financing service delivery.
Conclusion. Delineating the roles of DOH, PhilHealth, and HMOs in financing health services is not without risks. The utilization of the special health fund at the provincial level should be carefully implemented and monitored to minimize inefficiencies and fraud.
Policy Analysis on Province-level Integration of Healthcare System in Light of the Universal Health Care Act
Authors: Lam Hilton Y. , Zarsuelo Ma-Ann M. , Capeding Theo Prudencio Juhani Z. , Silva Ma. Esmeralda C. , Mendoza Michael Antonio F. , Padilla Carmencita D. 
Published: December 2020

Background. The enactment of the Universal Healthcare (UHC) Act affirms the commitment of the State to safeguard the health of all Filipinos. One of the objectives of the Act is to integrate the different local health systems at the provincial level in order to minimize fragmentation in the delivery of health services. This significant undertaking needs effective inter-sectoral collaborations of various stakeholders both at the local and national levels.
Methods. A systematic review of literature was conducted to generate evidence-based policy tools. A roundtable discussion (RTD) was organized in collaboration with the Department of Health (DOH) to frame the current issues of the devolved health system and the anticipated challenges surrounding the integration to the provincial level. Policy discussion was guided by specific operational concerns put forth by the DOH such as the roles and functions of key local actors, organizational models, and metrics of integration.
Results. Inputs in the proposed organogram for the province-level integrated health system and assessment tool for identifying readiness of provinces were discussed and agreed upon. Critical issues in the composition of the members of the Provincial Health Board (PHB) and the line of command among constituents were raised.
Conclusion and Recommendations. Eight consensus key policy recommendations have been identified. These could be translated into operational guidelines for the DOH, local government units (LGUs), and other related national government agencies (NGAs) in implementing the local health systems integration as prescribed in the UHC Act.
Development on Third Party Accreditation of Healthcare Facilities in Light of the Universal Health Care Act: Policy Analysis
Authors: Mendoza Michael Antonio F. , Zarsuelo Ma-Ann M. , Borlongan Gabriel R. , Silva Ma. Esmeralda C. , Lam Hilton Y. , Padilla Carmencita D. 
Published: December 2020

Background. The Universal Health Care (UHC) Act seeks to delineate the roles of key agencies and stakeholders towards equity in access to quality and affordable health care. Under the pillar of health regulation, the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation is mandated to recognize third party accreditation mechanisms as a basis for granting incentives to health facilities that provide better service quality, efficiency, and equity.
Methods. A systematic review of literature was conducted to generate a policy brief that outlined the strengths and weaknesses of the current accreditation system, and how to address arising fragmentation issues in implementation based on international and local evidence. To generate recommendations from a multi-stakeholder approach, a roundtable discussion enjoined by all major stakeholders of the policy issue was conducted by the University of the Philippines Manila Health Policy Development Hub in collaboration with the Department of Health. Thematic analysis of the RTD and the literature review were utilized in crafting the position statement with the general aim of producing consensus policy recommendations, as inputs in the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Act.
Results. Policy analysis using results of literature review and policy discussion was crafted, with thematically arranged recommendations in the domains of leadership and governance, financing and sustainability, standards development, program development, and continuing quality improvement that could help the national health system in determining third party accreditation mechanisms set forth by the UHC Act. Significant issues raised was the composition and requirements of the third party accreditor and the risks in transition.
Conclusion and Recommendation. With the PhilHealth Benchbook setting the standards and with the expressed commitment of stakeholders for third party accreditation, it is an opportune time for the UHC Act to institutionalize the accreditation mechanisms that will address existing challenges of PhilHealth accreditation. The literature review and discussion bring forth the proposed tool for the criteria in selecting third party accreditors.
Seismic design of bridges
Authors: Huizing J. B. S. 
Published: December 2020

Seismic Design of Bridges is a comprehensive set of 12 papers presented in Code and Commentary form. It sets out the recommendations of the Bridge Committee of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering. The papers are aimed at experienced designers and authorities setting design standards. The procedures recommended are based on the present state of the art and represent good design practice in accordance with the latest developments in earthquake engineering as applied to bridges.
Subjects discussed include: design philosophy, seismic loading and ductility demand, capacity design principles and practice for ductile structures, a semi-emperical approach for structures of limited ductility, ductility capability and detailing for ductility, structural and non-structural details, bridge foundations, earth  retaining structures, mechanical energy dissipating devices, dynamic analysis, structures requiring special studies and strengthening for seismic loads.
Tjenere, pryglestokke og kropslige lidenskaber
Authors: Toft Lasse Løvlund 
Published: December 2020

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: According to Gen 1:26–28, the human being was given rule over the animals, even though this apparently conflicts with the lived reality on earth. To judge from sources from the Early Church, this apparent dichotomy posed a serious challenge to the claim of the goodness of God, which had to be defended accordingly. The present article investigates different Early Christian views on the relationship between animals and humans. Through a series of Danish translations of extracts from eastern patristic writings from around the 4th century, it is argued that despite a certain diversity of argument, two different ‘zoologies’, or views on animals and on the human rule over especially wild animals appear. These views seem to revolve around the two Christian centres of theology and biblical exegesis of the time – Alexandria and Antioch. Insights from the readings of the patristic literature are subsequently used as a hermeneutical key in order to understand encounters between animals and holy persons found in other parts of the Early Christian literature, namely the apocryphal Acts of the Apos-tles, martyr literature and ascetic literature. The article ends with a view to the Western church.
DANSK RESUME: Mennesket blev ifølge Gen 1,26–28 sat til at herske over dyrene – men stemmer dette overens med den erfarede virkelighed? At dømme ud fra oldkirkelige kilder udfordrede dette tilsyneladende modsætningsforhold den kristne forståelse af Guds godhed, som følgelig måtte forsvares. I denne artikel undersøges forskellige oldkirkelige forestillinger om forholdet mellem dyr og mennesker. Gennem en række oversættelser af uddrag fra skrifter skrevet af østlige kirkefædre omkring det 4. århundrede argumenteres der for, at der trods en vis diversitet i argumentationen grundlæggende viser sig to forskellige forestillinger om dyr, eller ‘zoologier’, og om menneskets herredømme over særligt vilde dyr. Disse forskelle synes at være mellem det alexandrinske teologisk-eksegetiske miljø og det antiokenske. Indsigter fra disse undersøgelser bruges desuden som hermeneutisk nøgle til forstå relationer mellem dyr og hellige personer i anden oldkirkelig litteratur såsom de apokryfe apostelakter, martyrlitteratur og asketisk litteratur. Slutteligt gives der et udblik til vestlige kirkefædre.
Organizational and legal models of international scientific and technical cooperation for the creation and operation of a global research infrastructure in the nuclear field
Authors: Teymurov Elvin , Kozheurov Yaroslav Sergeevich 
Published: December 2020

Legal science faces the urgent task of researching existing legal forms and models of international scientific and technical cooperation (ISTC) on the creation and use of global research infrastructure (GII) in the nuclear field, identifying their advantages and disadvantages, possibilities of application and adaptation to projects of the "megasience" class in Russia. The key factors for determining the legal aspects of the creation and use of GII are two factors: the organizational and legal formalization (the establishment of a separate independent entity or the use of existing "umbrella" legal structures) and what legal tools are used, what law is subordinate to the activity. В В В В В В В The organizational and legal model of the ISTC, both using existing international intergovernmental organizations of the framework type or legal entities, and by establishing special entities, can be schematically represented in the form of a four-level system. The advantage of using umbrella-type models in the nuclear field is the readiness of most of its tools and mechanisms, which only require adaptation to specific projects, and the possibility of implementing a significant number of projects. If it is necessary to ensure a clear equity participation of partners, financial obligations and a management structure dependent on them, then the appropriate form is the creation of a special project-type entity. Based on the "legal environment", the use of MMPO implies certain immunities and privileges, exemptions from the jurisdiction of the host State, etc. It is also important in modern conditions that it is more difficult to subject MMPO to politically motivated unilateral restrictive measures ("sanctions"). But the use of the construction of a legal entity can provide greater efficiency, flexibility and managerial cheapness of the process, especially since exceptions from national law can also be provided for them.The most successful seems to be the development of a special organizational and legal form mentioned in the draft federal law "On Scientific, Scientific, technical and innovative activities in the Russian Federation" - an international research organization.