bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary cutaneous malignancies in nonalbino and albino Africans
Authors: Okafor Okechukwu C. , Onyishi Nnaemeka T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe pigmented skin of black Africans has been credited with reduction in risk of skin cancer. African albinos have inherited defects in skin melanin deposition, which predisposes them to ultraviolet radiation‐induced cutaneous carcinogenesis. We compared the manifestation of skin cancers between albino and nonalbino Africans aiming to describe the effect of pigmentation or lack of it on the epidemiological characteristics of skin cancer in Africans.Materials and methodsCutaneous malignancies seen in our institution over a 19‐year period were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results were presented in tables of frequencies. Continuous variables were presented as mean with standard deviation and compared with independent sample t‐test and ANOVA. Alpha level of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultThere were 86 albinos and 364 nonalbinos in the study. Mean age (SD) at presentation for albinos was 41 (14) years and for nonalbinos 52 (17) years. Albinos had most tumors in the head and neck region and upper extremities. For nonalbinos, lower extremities followed by anogenital region were the most common body site of cutaneous malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of skin cancer in the albino and nonalbino patients. No case of malignant melanoma was diagnosed in the albino group.ConclusionAlbino skin cancer patients were much younger than nonalbinos. Albinos and nonalbinos differ in body site distribution of skin cancers. Distribution of keratinocyte carcinomas in albinos parallels the reported findings in Caucasians. Albinos may have some level of protection from cutaneous melanoma in spite of hypomelanized skin.
Expression profiles of neotropical termites reveal microbiota‐associated, caste‐biased genes and biotechnological targets
Authors: Campanini E. B. , Pedrino M. , Martins L. A. , Athaide Neta O. S. , Carazzolle M. F. , Ciancaglini I. , Malavazi I. , Costa‐Leonardo A. M. , de Melo Freire C. C. , Nunes F. M. F. , da Cunha A. F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTermites are well recognized by their complex development trajectories, involving dynamic differentiation process between non‐reproductive castes, workers and soldiers. These insects are associated with endosymbiotic microorganisms, which help in lignocellulose digestion and nitrogen metabolism. Aiming to identify genes harbouring biotechnological potential, we analyzed workers and soldiers RNA‐Seq data of three neotropical termites: Heterotermes tenuis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Velocitermes heteropterus (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Cornitermes cumulans (Isoptera: Termitidae). We observed differences in the microbiota associated with each termite family, and found protists' genes in both Termitidae species. We found an opposite pattern of caste‐biased gene expression between H. tenuis and the termitids studied. Moreover, the two termitids are considerably different concerning the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional annotation indicated considerable differences in caste‐biased gene content between V. heteropterus and C. cumulans, even though they share similar diet and biological niche. Among the most DEGs, we highlighted those involved in caste differentiation and cellulose digestion, which are attractive targets for studying more efficient technologies for termite control, biomass digestion and other biotechnological applications.
A hierarchical supply chain model for the sugar–alcohol energy sector with robust optimization analysis
Authors: Paiva Rafael P. , Rocco Cleber D. , Morabito Reinaldo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses a hierarchical optimization model for the sugar–alcohol energy sector with robust optimization analysis to provide managerial insights. It has two levels: the upper level is a linear model in which more aggregated decisions are related to allocating production targets to mills belonging to a cooperative society aiming to meet the potential market demand, as well as managing the inventories over months in annual planning; the lower level is a mixed‐integer model that represents the less aggregated decisions of each mill, such as the milling rhythm, the industrial process selection to produce sugar–alcohol–molasses and energy, purchasing sugarcane from the suppliers on a weekly basis. Robust optimization analysis is performed for product prices and industrial yields to investigate their impacts on the supply chain that could not be inferred through deterministic approaches. One important result was related to the uncertainty in product prices that had a greater impact on the whole supply chain compared to the industrial yield, which affects only the mill itself, particularly increasing the inventory backlog of the mill for not meeting the demand assigned by the cooperative. Cogeneration of energy, and the sale of surplus energy was an important strategy to mitigate the decrease in industrial yield performed in the robust analysis while the change in the product production pattern was a consequence of product price uncertainty. The models can be applied in practice to provide better strategic and tactical planning of mills in cooperatives.
A traditional Ugandan Ficus natalensis bark cloth exhibits antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Butler J.A. , Slate A.J. , Todd D.B. , Airton D. , Hardman M. , Hickey N.A. , Scott K. , Venkatraman P.D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Surgical site, soft tissue and wound infections are some of the most prominent causes of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). Developing novel antimicrobial textiles and wound dressings may help alleviate the risk of developing HCAIs. We aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of natural Ugandan bark cloth derived exclusively from the Ficus natalensis tree.

Methods and Results
Antimicrobial contact and disc diffusion assays, coupled with time-kill kinetic assays, demonstrated that bark cloth inhibited the growth of a clinically relevant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain and acted as a bactericidal agent causing a seven-log reduction in bacterial viability. Scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal morphological changes in the bacterial cell ultrastructure when exposed to bark cloth, which supported a proposed mechanism of antimicrobial activity.

Conclusions
The observed antimicrobial properties, combined with the physical characteristics elicited by bark cloth, suggest this product is ideally suited for wound and other skin care applications.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This is the first report where a whole bark cloth product made by traditional methods has been employed as an antimicrobial fabric against MRSA. Bark cloth is a highly sustainable and renewable product and this study presents a major advance in the search for natural fabrics which could be deployed for healthcare applications.
The evolving challenges of specialist gynaecological cancer nurse roles – A qualitative study
Authors: Cook Olivia , Recoche Katrina , McIntyre Meredith , Lee Susan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo determine how specialist gynaecological cancer nurses experience and perceive their role.DesignAn Interpretive Description qualitative study employing semi‐structured interview methods was conducted.MethodsSpecialist nurses working in Australia or New Zealand were recruited via the Australia and New Zealand Gynaecological Oncology Group and the Cancer Nurses Society of Australia to contribute to focus group, dyadic and/or individual interviews. Audio‐recordings of the interviews were transcribed, de‐identified, and subjected to a thematic analysis.ResultsSpecialist cancer nurses participated in the study via one focus group interview (N = 6), one dyadic interview (N = 2) and 13 individual interviews between April – August 2016. Three major themes were inductively derived from 19 minor themes: ‘Working between worlds’ locates the role of the specialist nurse in the provision of gynaecological cancer care; ‘The patient's ‘go‐to’ person’ highlights participants’ relationships with patients; and ‘When so much depends on one person’ explores the personal and professional impact of working in a specialist nursing role.ConclusionSpecialist nurses identified themselves as an accessible source of support and expertise for both women with gynaecological cancers throughout their disease trajectory and multidisciplinary team members. The main challenges they faced were the evolving and expanding nature of their bespoke roles and the dependence on them as individuals in these roles. Clearer role boundaries, guidelines for practice, effective professional support, and active succession planning are recommended.ImpactThis study explored the experiences and perceptions of gynaecological oncology specialist nurses. Despite similar roles being in place across many countries for several years, the roles continue to evolve and lack clear definition which is burdensome to their incumbents. This research indicates that it is now time for nursing leaders and the broader nursing profession to delineate scope of practice, standardise nomenclature and practice and embed these roles in nursing career and education pathways.
An integrative review of adolescent trust in the healthcare provider relationship
Authors: Hardin Heather K. , Bender Anna E. , Hermann Carla P. , Speck Barbara J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo conduct an integrative review of empirical studies examining factors affecting trust in the healthcare provider (HCP) relationship among adolescents.DesignAn integrative review was conducted.Data sourcesThe keywords adolescent, trust, healthcare provider and related words were searched in multiple online research databases. The results were limited to research published between 2004 and 2019. Seventeen primary sources were identified and synthesized in the final review.Review methodGuided by the Whittemore and Knafl integrative review method, a data‐based convergent synthesis design was used to explore the key research question in both qualitative and quantitative research.ResultsThis integrative review found that health care provider behaviours, such as confidentiality, honesty, respect, and empathy, promote adolescent's trust of the HCP. Notable gaps in the literature were also identified, including a lack of diversity among adolescent samples and HCP types and underdeveloped measures of adolescent trust of HCP.ConclusionThis integrative review informed the development of a new conceptual definition of adolescent trust of HCP, which embodies the key findings of the importance of HCP confidentiality, honesty, respect, and empathy. This definition can be used to develop instruments, interventions and policies that promote HCP trust among adolescents. Future research is needed to develop instruments to measure adolescents’ trust of HCPs, evaluate trust of HCPs among diverse samples of adolescents and evaluate adolescent trust of HCPs with a variety of HCP types.ImpactThe new conceptual definition of adolescent trust of HCP can be used to enhance nursing practice and design behavioural interventions to improve trust of HCP. To foster adolescent trust of HCP, policies should be enacted in healthcare institutions to explain confidentiality, provide notification of reporting mandates and formalize consent, assent and dissent for adolescents seeking health care.
Genomic insights into the origin of trans‐Mediterranean disjunct distributions
Authors: Noguerales Víctor , Cordero Pedro J. , Knowles L. Lacey , Ortego Joaquín 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTwo main biogeographical hypotheses have been proposed to explain the Mediterranean‐Turanian disjunct distributions exhibited by numerous steppe‐dwelling organisms, namely (a) dispersal during the Messinian salinity crisis (∼5.96–5.33 Ma) followed by range fragmentation and vicariance, and (b) Pleistocene colonization and recent processes of population subdivision (<2 Ma). Despite the two hypotheses postulate the role of climatic alterations and changes in landmass configuration on determining such disjunct distributions, estimates of the timing of lineage diversification have not been complemented so far with spatially‐explicit tests providing independent evidence on the proximate processes underlying geographical patterns of population genetic connectivity/fragmentation.LocationMediterranean‐Turanian region.TaxonSaltmarsh band‐winged grasshopper (Mioscirtus wagneri).MethodsWe integrate different sources of genetic (mtDNA and ddRADseq) and spatial information (configuration of emerged lands and niche modelling) to evaluate competing hypotheses of lineage diversification in the saltmarsh band‐winged grasshopper, a halophile species showing a classical Mediterranean‐Turanian disjunct distribution.ResultsPhylogenomic analyses reveal the presence of two North African cryptic lineages and support that trans‐Mediterranean populations of the species diverged in the Pleistocene, with evidence of post‐Messinian permeability of the Strait of Gibraltar to gene flow likely associated with sea level drops during glacial periods. Accordingly, spatial patterns of genetic differentiation are best explained by a scenario of population connectivity defined by the configuration of emerged landmasses and environmentally suitable habitats during glacial periods, a time when effective population sizes of the species peaked as inferred by genomic‐based demographic reconstructions.Main conclusionsOur results support post‐Messinian colonization and Pleistocene diversification as the biogeographical scenario best explaining the trans‐Mediterranean disjunct distributions of halophilous organisms.
Advances on liver cell‐derived exosomes in liver diseases
Authors: Jiao Yan , Xu Ping , Shi Honglin , Chen Dexi , Shi Hongbo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, which contain several donor cell‐associated proteins as well as mRNA, miRNA, and lipids and coordinate multiple physiological and pathological functions through horizontal communication between cells. Almost all types of liver cells, such as hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, are exosome‐releasing and/or exosome‐targeted cells. Exosomes secreted by liver cells play an important role in regulating general physiological functions and also participate in the onset and development of liver diseases, including liver cancer, liver injury, liver fibrosis and viral hepatitis. Liver cell‐derived exosomes carry liver cell‐specific proteins and miRNAs, which can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets of liver disease. This review discusses the functions of exosomes derived from different liver cells and provides novel insights based on the latest developments regarding the roles of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
Microwave intermittent drying characteristics of camellia oleifera seeds
Authors: Huang Dan , Men Kaiyang , Tang Xiaohong , Li Wei , Sherif SA 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper reports on an experimental investigation of the drying characteristics and kinetics of camellia oleifera seeds under microwave intermittent drying conditions. The effects of key parameters such as microwave power, heating time, and the length of the intermittent time are discussed in detail. The energy consumption in the drying process along with the main quality parameters of camellia oil, namely the peroxide and acid values, have also been determined and compared with hot‐air drying. Results show that the microwave drying curve consists of an acceleration rate period, a constant rate period and a falling rate period. As the microwave power and heating time increase, the drying time decreases. While as the length of the intermittent time increases, the drying time increases. The hot‐air drying time was found to be much longer than microwave drying time, and the energy consumed during hot‐air drying was also several hundred times higher than that used during microwave intermittent drying. The acid and peroxide values of camellia oil after hot‐air and microwave drying were both within the allowable range in the National Standard of China. The Midilli and Kucuk model was the best model to describe the kinetics of the drying process.Practical applicationsDrying is the first step in the processing of camellia oleifera seeds, which not only affects the storage of camellia oleifera seeds, but also affects the quality of camellia oil, and has thus become a research hotspot in recent years. However, several disadvantages of hot‐air drying have been identified like the slowness of the drying process and the relatively large energy consumption. Therefore, finding a drying method that is more suitable is necessary. Microwave intermittent drying is a type of discontinuous drying. The moisture and temperature inside the material can be evenly redistributed during the intermittent time, so that the material is not overheated. This feature of preserving the quality of the products to be dried has made microwave intermittent drying attractive and has been successfully applied to agricultural, forestry, and food products.
Relational Decision‐Making in the Context of Life‐Limiting Fetal Anomalies: Two Cases of Anencephaly Diagnosis
Authors: Zielinski Ruth E. , Roosevelt Lee , Nelson Kathryn , Vargas Brittaney , Thomas Jonalea W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLife‐limiting fetal diagnoses such as anencephaly require families to make decisions in which no options offered will lead to the desired outcome of a healthy newborn. Although informed choice and shared decision‐making are important aspects of ethics regarding care choices, they have limitations. In this article, 2 cases of anencephaly diagnosis are presented, and a relational decision‐making model of care is proposed as an alternative for aiding pregnant people and their families in making challenging choices in the context of perinatal care.
An unusual adverse event of botulinum toxin injection in the lower face
Authors: Auada Souto Mariam Patrícia , Souto Luís Ricardo Martinhão 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the lower third of the face, botulinum toxin A is used to obtain a more harmonious contour. The anatomical complexity of the face requires a more precise application of botulinum toxin.AimDescribe the treatment of an unexpected effect after botulinum toxin A application in the lower third of the face.Patient/MethodsA 51‐year‐old female patient presented to our clinic for application of botulin toxin aiming to improve facial wrinkles and contour. 50 U of botulinum toxin type A were applied to the upper third and 20 U to the lower third of the face. The patient returned after 10 days with a smile asymmetry and an excessive and unconscious lowering on the right side of the lower lip while laughing. So, 3 U of botulinum toxin were applied to the center of the depressor labii inferioris muscle on the right side.ResultsThe patient returned with a satisfactory correction of the smile asymmetry.ConclusionAlthough treatments with botulinum toxin A are considered safe, unexpected results can occur. In our case, it probably occurred due to medial injection or diffusion of botulinum toxin A into depressor anguli oris muscle on the left side that may lead to paralysis of the left depressor labii inferioris muscle and downward hyperfunction of the unaffected right lower lip. The correction was made with a new injection of botulinum toxin A in the depressor labii inferioris hyperactive muscle at the right side.
The Misguided Beliefs of Financial Advisors
Authors: LINNAINMAA JUHANI T. , MELZER BRIAN T. , PREVITERO ALESSANDRO 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTA common view of retail finance is that conflicts of interest contribute to the high cost of advice. Within a large sample of Canadian financial advisors and their clients, however, we show that advisors typically invest personally just as they advise their clients. Advisors trade frequently, chase returns, prefer expensive and actively managed funds, and underdiversify. Advisors' net returns of −3% per year are similar to their clients' net returns. Advisors do not strategically hold expensive portfolios only to convince clients to do the same; they continue to do so after they leave the industry.
Differential Frond Growth in the Isomorphic Haploid–diploid Red Seaweed Agarophyton chilense by Long‐term In Situ Monitoring
Authors: Vieira Vasco M.N.C.S. , Engelen Aschwin H. , Huanel Oscar R. , Guillemin Marie‐Laure 
Published: November 2020

Conditional differentiation between haploids and diploids has been proposed to drive the evolutionary stability of isomorphic biphasic life cycles. The cost of producing and maintaining genetic information has been posed as a possible driver of this conditional differentiation. Under this hypothesis, haploids benefit over diploids in resource‐limited environments by halving the costs of producing and maintaining DNA. Spared resources can be allocated to enhance survival, growth or fertility. Here we test in the field whether indeed haploids have higher growth rates than diploids. Individuals of the red seaweed Agarophyton chilense, were mapped and followed during 2 years with 4‐month census intervals across different stands within the Valdivia River estuary, Chile. As hypothesized, haploids grew larger and faster than diploids, but this was sex‐dependent. Haploid (gametophyte) females grew twice as large and 15% faster than diploids (tetrasporophytes), whereas haploid males only grew as large and as fast as the maximum obtained by diploids in summer. However, haploid males maintained their maximum sizes and growth rates constant year‐round, while diploids were smaller and had lower growth rates during the winter. In conclusion, our results confirm the conditional differentiation in size and growth between haploids and diploids but also identified important differences between males and females. Besides understanding life cycle evolution, the dynamics of A. chilense frond growth reported informs algal farmers regarding production optimization and should help in determining best planting and harvesting strategies.
Autophagy and its significance in periodontal disease
Authors: Yang Yuhui , Huang Yiping , Li Weiran 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process essential for cellular homeostasis and human health. As a lysosome‐dependent degradation pathway, autophagy acts as a modulator of the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. The relationship between autophagy and oral diseases has been explored in recent years, and there is increasing interest in the role of autophagy in periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the destruction of periodontal tissues. It is initiated through pathogenic bacterial infection and interacts with the host immune defense, leading to inflammation and alveolar bone resorption. In this review, we outline the machinery of autophagy and present an overview of work on the significance of autophagy in regulating pathogen invasion, the immune response, inflammation, and alveolar bone homeostasis of periodontal disease. Existing data provide support for the importance of autophagy as a multi‐dimensional regulator in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and demonstrate the importance of future research on the potential roles of autophagy in periodontal disease.