bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Power Conversion Efficiency and Stability Enhancement of Cs2AgBiBr6 Lead‐Free Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cell through Adopting a Multifunctional Dye Interlayer
Authors: Yang Xiaoqing , Chen Yonghui , Liu Pengyun , Xiang Huimin , Wang Wei , Ran Ran , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are highly promising next‐generation photovoltaic devices because of the cheap raw materials, ideal band gap of ≈1.5 eV, broad absorption range, and high absorption coefficient. Although lead‐based inorganic‐organic PSC has achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2%, the toxic nature of lead and poor stability strongly limits the commercialization. Lead‐free inorganic PSCs are potential alternatives to toxic and unstable organic‐inorganic PSCs. Particularly, double‐perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6‐based PSC has received interests for its all inorganic and lead‐free features. However, the PCE is limited by the inherent and extrinsic defects of Cs2AgBiBr6 films. Herein, an effective and facile strategy is reported for improving the PCE and stability by introducing an N719 dye interlayer, which plays multifunctional roles such as broadening the absorption spectrum, suppressing the charge carrier recombination, accelerating the hole extraction, and constructing an appropriate energy level alignment. Consequently, the optimizing cell delivers an outstanding PCE of 2.84%, much improved as compared with other Cs2AgBiBr6‐based PSCs reported so far in the literature. Moreover, the N719 interlayer greatly enhances the stability of PSCs under ambient conditions. This work highlights a useful strategy to boost the PCE and stability of lead‐free Cs2AgBiBr6‐based PSCs simultaneously, accelerating the commercialization of PSC technology.
Cellulose‐Based Flexible Functional Materials for Emerging Intelligent Electronics
Authors: Zhao Dawei , Zhu Ying , Cheng Wanke , Chen Wenshuai , Wu Yiqiang , Yu Haipeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is currently enormous and growing demand for flexible electronics for personalized mobile equipment, human–machine interface units, wearable medical‐healthcare systems, and bionic intelligent robots. Cellulose is a well‐known natural biopolymer that has multiple advantages including low cost, renewability, easy processability, and biodegradability, as well as appealing mechanical performance, dielectricity, piezoelectricity, and convertibility. Because of its multiple merits, cellulose is frequently used as a substrate, binder, dielectric layer, gel electrolyte, and derived carbon material for flexible electronic devices. Leveraging the advantages of cellulose to design advanced functional materials will have a significant impact on portable intelligent electronics. Herein, the unique molecular structure and nanostructures (nanocrystals, nanofibers, nanosheets, etc.) of cellulose are briefly introduced, the structure–property–application relationships of cellulosic materials summarized, and the processing technologies for fabricating cellulose‐based flexible electronics considered. The focus then turns to the recent advances of cellulose‐based functional materials toward emerging intelligent electronic devices including flexible sensors, optoelectronic devices, field‐effect transistors, nanogenerators, electrochemical energy storage devices, biomimetic electronic skins, and biological detection devices. Finally, an outlook of the potential challenges and future prospects for developing cellulose‐based wearable devices and bioelectronic systems is presented.
Nano‐spaced Gold on Glassy Carbon Substrate for Controlling Cell Behavior
Authors: Chauhan Gaurav , Ángeles Alejandro Lujambio , Gonzalez‐González Everardo , Kulkarni Manish M. , Cardenas‐Benitez Braulio , Jiménez Martín Francisco , Trujillo‐de Santiago Grissel , Alvarez Mario M. , Madou Marc , Martinez‐Chapa Sergio O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis approach involves the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) within the carbonizing photoresist (SU8) to achieve GNPs trapped glassy carbon (GNPs‐GC) substrates. Surface size distribution and interparticle separation of GNPs is primarily controlled by changing the metal precursor concentration. Chemical stability and fabrication control are achieved by selecting sodium tetrachloroaurate (NaAuCl4) over a more conventional aurochloric acid (HAuCl4) as the gold precursor. Seeding of gold nuclei in a photocrosslinking polymer is a classical representation of simultaneous homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. GNPs growth during the carbonization process is tracked and explained using pertinent mechanisms. With the nanoparticle spacing ranging from 260 to 50 nm, GNPs‐GC thin films are employed as interfaces for fibroblast cell adhesion. GNPs act as potential anchor points for cell adhesion and their nanoscale arrangement regulates the structural behavior of the cells. GNPs' density‐dependent fibronectin physisorption significantly improves cell adhesion and proliferation. Intraparticle spacing around 160 nm offers ideal biointerface for fibroblast attachment and spreading. Fabrication of 3D GNPs composite carbon microelectromechanical systems is achieved as a demonstration of the studied GNPs‐GC synthesis mechanism. Sub‐micron patterning of GNPs‐GC combined with its biofunctional nature presents vast opportunities in the field of bioelectronics, biophotonics, and lab/organ‐on‐a‐chip technology.
High‐Performance Photo‐Induced Spatial Terahertz Modulator Based on Micropyramid Silicon Array
Authors: Wen Qi‐Ye , He Yu‐Lian , Yang Qing‐Hui , Yu Peng , Feng Zheng , Tan Wei , Wen Tian‐Long , Zhang Ya‐Xin , Chen Zhi , Zhang Huai‐Wu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReconfigurable conductive pattern created by photoexcitation of high‐resistivity semiconductor provides a powerful approach to realize broadband spatial terahertz modulators (STM), which are highly demanded for constructing cost‐effective and compact terahertz (THz) system. Here a high performance all‐optical STM is proposed and realized based on silicon micropyramid arrays (Si‐MPA), which not only enhances the light harvesting across a broad wavelength range, but also greatly increases the active area for THz modulation. Upon illuminating the Si‐MPA by light with various wavelengths, modulation depth (MD) of four times larger than that of bare silicon is achieved. A maximum MD of 93.8% is obtained under 638 nm laser with a low power density of 1 W cm−2. Reconfigurable THz imaging system based on the Si‐MPA modulator and a single‐element detector is constructed, with which precise THz beam mapping and fast real‐time imaging with 225 pixels are demonstrated. This Si‐MPA‐based STM with large MD at low illumination power density is promising for many THz applications including imaging, beam shaping, holographic projection, etc.
Photoelectric Detection and Quantum Readout of Nitrogen‐Vacancy Center Spin States in Diamond
Authors: Bourgeois Emilie , Gulka Michal , Nesladek Milos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novel method for reading out the electron spin state of the negatively charged nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) point defect in diamond, based on photoelectric detection of NV magnetic resonances (PDMR), is reviewed. As a convenient way to measure the spin state of qubits, the presented technique is anticipated to lead to a vast range of applications in the field of quantum technologies. It has been demonstrated that this method can be used both in continuous‐wave mode and for the pulse readout of coherently manipulated NV−spins. The PDMR technique presents interesting advantages over the commonly used optical detection of magnetic resonances (ODMR) and was recently downscaled to the reading out of a single NV−spin qubit. The principles, current developments, advantages, and drawbacks of PDMR are presented in this progress report. A complete to‐date methodology of NV photoelectric readout is described and PDMR is compared to ODMR. Future developments and possible improvements of the technique are mentioned. The results of the latest studies, aiming at overcoming limitations in the PDMR contrast through a better understanding of NV photo‐physics and of charge exchanges between NV centers and other electrically active defects, are discussed.
Direct Growth of Multi‐Layer Graphene on Quartz Glass for High‐Performance Broadband Neutral Density Filter Applications
Authors: Zhang Zhepeng , Zhou Fan , Yang Pengfei , Jiang Bei , Hu Jingyi , Gao Xuan , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract2D layered materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), cover a broadband in the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths ranging from hundred nanometers to millimeters. Their applications in photonic and optoelectronic nano‐devices have been demonstrated frequently, while they still need to be extended to daily life related fields. Herein, this work demonstrates a brand new application of multi‐layer graphene directly grown on quartz glass as broadband neutral density filters (NDFs). The graphene‐based NDFs present nearly wavelength‐independent transmittances over a wavelength range of 400–2500 nm, affording great optical attenuation capacity in the long‐exposure photography. This work further shows that, MoX2 (X = S, Se) and h‐BN directly grown on quartz glass can serve as optical cut‐off filters with different absorption edges located in the visible and deep‐ultraviolet ranges, respectively. The results are hereby expected to promote macroscopic optical applications of 2D layered materials and their heterostructures in high‐performance multi‐functional optical filters.
Enhanced Biophotocurrent Generation in Living Photosynthetic Optical Resonator
Authors: Roxby Daniel N. , Yuan Zhiyi , Krishnamoorthy Sankaran , Wu Pinchieh , Tu Wei‐Chen , Chang Guo‐En , Lau Raymond , Chen Yu‐Cheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBioenergy from photosynthetic living organisms is a potential solution for energy‐harvesting and bioelectricity‐generation issues. With the emerging interest in biophotovoltaics, extracting electricity from photosynthetic organisms remains challenging because of the low electron‐transition rate and photon collection efficiency due to membrane shielding. In this study, the concept of “photosynthetic resonator” to amplify biological nanoelectricity through the confinement of living microalgae (Chlorella sp.) in an optical micro/nanocavity is demonstrated. Strong energy coupling between the Fabry–Perot cavity mode and photosynthetic resonance offers the potential of exploiting optical resonators to amplify photocurrent generation as well as energy harvesting. Biomimetic models and living photosynthesis are explored in which the power is increased by almost 600% and 200%, respectively. Systematic studies of photosystem fluorescence and photocurrent are simultaneously carried out. Finally, an optofluidic‐based photosynthetic device is developed. It is envisaged that the key innovations proposed in this study can provide comprehensive insights in biological‐energy sciences, suggesting a new avenue to amplify electrochemical signals using an optical cavity. Promising applications include photocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, biofuel devices, and sustainable optoelectronics.
Highly‐Safe and Ultra‐Stable All‐Flexible Gel Polymer Lithium Ion Batteries Aiming for Scalable Applications
Authors: Shen Wei , Li Ke , Lv Yangyang , Xu Tao , Wei Di , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the development of flexible electronics, flexible lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have received great attention. Previously, almost all reported flexible components had shortcomings related to poor mechanical flexibility, low energy density, and poor safety, which led to the failure of scalable applications. This study demonstrates a fully flexible lithium ion battery using LiCoO2 as the cathode, Li4Ti5O12 as the anode, and graphene film as the flexible current collector. The graphene oxide modified gel polymer electrolyte exhibits higher ionic conductivity than a conventional liquid electrolyte and improves the safety of the flexible battery. The optimum design of the flexible graphene battery exhibits super electrochemical performance, with a 2.3 V output voltage plateau and a satisfactory capacity of 143.0 mAh g−1 at 1 C. The mass energy density and power density are both ≈1.4 times higher than a standard electrode using metal foils as current collectors. No capacity loss is observed after 100 thousand cycles of mechanical bending. More importantly, even in the clipping state, this flexible gel polymer battery can still demonstrate a stable and safe electrochemical performance. This work may lead to a promising strategy of high‐performance scalable LIBs for the next‐generation flexible electronics.
Advanced Electrolytes for Fast‐Charging High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Wide‐Temperature Range
Authors: Zhang Xianhui , Zou Lianfeng , Xu Yaobin , Cao Xia , Engelhard Mark H. , Matthews Bethany E. , Zhong Lirong , Wu Haiping , Jia Hao , Ren Xiaodi , Gao Peiyuan , Chen Zonghai , Qin Yan , Kompella Christopher , Arey Bruce W. , Li Jun , Wang Deyu , Wang Chongmin , Zhang Ji‐Guang , Xu Wu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 (NMC) cathode materials with Ni ≥ 0.8 have attracted great interest for high energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) but their practical applications under high charge voltages (e.g., 4.4 V and above) still face significant challenges due to severe capacity fading by the unstable cathode/electrolyte interface. Here, an advanced electrolyte is developed that has a high oxidation potential over 4.9 V and enables NMC811‐based LIBs to achieve excellent cycling stability in 2.5–4.4 V at room temperature and 60 °C, good rate capabilities under fast charging and discharging up to 3C rate (1C = 2.8 mA cm−2), and superior low‐temperature discharge performance down to −30 °C with a capacity retention of 85.6% at C/5 rate. It is also demonstrated that the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, not the electrolyte conductivity and viscosity, govern the LIB performance. This work sheds light on a very promising strategy to develop new electrolytes for fast‐charging high‐energy LIBs in a wide‐temperature range.
Water stress altered photosynthesis‐vegetation index relationships for winter wheat
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhang Fangmin , Chen Jiquan , Li Ying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe photosynthetic rate (Pn) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is directly affected by water conditions, which can be effectively estimated by coupling vegetation indices (VIs). Establishing sound empirical models between VIs and Pn of winter wheat under different water conditions therefore is a sound approach for predicting Pn for broad applications. A rainout‐shelter field experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in Pn and VIs (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI], enhanced vegetation index [EVI], ratio vegetation index [RVI], photochemical reflectance index [PRI]) under five water stress conditions. We found that: (a) heavy and moderate drought stress inhibited Pn, with their accumulated effects became more significant with the duration of treatments while the light drought stress and slight water logging produced minor effects on Pn. Heavy and moderate drought stress also caused the peak time of Pn preceded during the growth period; (b) NDVI showed low sensitivity to vegetation coverage while EVI explained more seasonal variation than other VIs when leaf area index (LAI) was >3; (c) the linear models between Pn and EVI under heavy () and moderate () water stress were selected as the best model for Pn, while a power function for Pn‐NDVI performed better under sufficient water supply (Pn = 37.982NDVI3.0101) and slight water logging (Pn = 28.024NDVI2.5646). Our results demonstrated that Pn–VI relationships varied by water stress for a winter wheat over the growing season. These results could be used for the prediction of winter wheat Pn under water stress at a large spatial scale.
Impaired Interleukin‐27–Mediated Control of CD4+ T Cell Function Impact on Ectopic Lymphoid Structure Formation in Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Lucchesi Davide , Coleby Rachel , Pontarini Elena , Prediletto Edoardo , Rivellese Felice , Hill David G. , Derrac Soria Alicia , Jones Simon A. , Humphreys Ian R. , Sutcliffe Nurhan , Tappuni Anwar R. , Pitzalis Costantino , Jones Gareth W. , Bombardieri Michele 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveEctopic lymphoid structures (ELS) develop at sites of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. In patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), ELS support autoreactive B cell activation and lymphomagenesis. Interleukin‐27 (IL‐27) is a key regulator of adaptive immunity and limits Th17 cell–driven pathology. We undertook this study to elucidate the role of IL‐27 in ELS formation and function in autoimmunity using a murine model of sialadenitis and in patients with SS.MethodsELS formation was induced in wild‐type and Il27ra−/− mice via salivary gland (SG) cannulation of a replication‐deficient adenovirus in the presence or absence of IL‐17A neutralization. In SG biopsy samples, IL‐27–producing cells were identified by multicolor immunofluorescence microscopy. Lesional and circulating IL‐27 levels were determined by gene expression and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The in vitro effect of IL‐27 on T cells was assessed using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and cytokine release.ResultsIn experimental sialadenitis, Il27ra−/− mice had larger and more hyperactive ELS (focus score; P < 0.001), increased autoimmunity, and an expanded Th17 response (P < 0.001), compared to wild‐type mice. IL‐17 blockade in Il27ra−/− mice suppressed the aberrant ELS response (B and T cell reduction against control; P < 0.01). SS patients displayed increased circulating IL‐27 levels (P < 0.01), and in SG biopsy samples, IL‐27 was expressed by DC‐LAMP+ dendritic cells in association with CD3+ T cells. Remarkably, in SS T cells (but not in T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or healthy controls), IL‐27–mediated suppression of IL‐17 secretion was severely impaired and associated with an aberrant interferon‐γ release upon IL‐27 stimulation.ConclusionOur data indicate that the physiologic ability of IL‐27 to limit the magnitude and function of ELS through control of Th17 cell expansion is severely impaired in SS patients, highlighting a defective immunoregulatory checkpoint in this condition.
Protective Role of Optineurin Against Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts
Authors: Lee Wen Shi , Kato Masaru , Sugawara Eri , Kono Michihiro , Kudo Yuki , Kono Michihito , Fujieda Yuichiro , Bohgaki Toshiyuki , Amengual Olga , Oku Kenji , Yasuda Shinsuke , Onodera Tomohiro , Iwasaki Norimasa , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveOptineurin (OPTN) is an autophagy adaptor/receptor that acts as an intrinsic negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation. RANKL expressed by rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) is primarily responsible for the development of bone erosions in patients with RA. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of OPTN in the pathogenesis of joint destruction in RA.MethodsRASFs were left untreated or incubated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or interferon‐γ (IFNγ), and expression of OPTN by RASFs was analyzed by reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blotting. Expression of RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) was evaluated in cultures of OPTN‐reduced RASFs with or without TNF or IFNγ treatment. OPTN‐reduced RASFs were cocultured with monocytes and stained for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). IκBα, NF‐κB1, and RelA protein levels were measured to evaluate NF‐κB signaling. Expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), interleukin‐6 (IL6), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15), hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1), and GATA1 was analyzed by RT‐qPCR.ResultsIn RASFs incubated with TNF or IFNγ, OPTN expression was up‐regulated and RANKL expression was increased, and these effects were further pronounced in OPTN‐reduced RASFs (all P < 0.05 versus controls). OPG mRNA levels remained unchanged. Monocytes cocultured with OPTN‐reduced RASFs differentiated to a greater extent into TRAP+ multinucleated cells compared to monocytes cocultured with control RASFs (P < 0.05). IκBα degradation and nuclear NF‐κB1 expression following TNF treatment were both prolonged in OPTN‐reduced RASFs (each P < 0.05 versus controls). MMP3 mRNA levels were up‐regulated, while GATA3, CHST15, and HAS1 mRNA levels were down‐regulated in OPTN‐reduced RASFs (each P < 0.05 versus controls).ConclusionOPTN plays a protective role in RA when it is up‐regulated in RASFs in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines. Absence of OPTN might worsen RA by generating a joint‐destructive state, as indicated by evidence of increased RANKL expression on RASFs and subsequent osteoclast differentiation.
Selective Solid‐Liquid Interface Sulfidation Growth of Hierarchical Copper Sulfide and Its Hybrid Nanoflakes for Superior Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Ding Ying , Huang Aoming , Xu Feng , Wang Xueyou , Wang Qingqing , Lin Huijuan , Rui Kun , Yan Yan , Shen Yu , Zhou Yanping , Zhu Jixin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional metal sulfides and their hybrids are emerging as promising candidates in various areas. Yet, it remains challenging to synthesize high‐quality 2D metal sulfides and their hybrids, especially iso‐component hybrids, in a simple and controllable way. In this work, a low‐temperature selective solid‐liquid sulfidation growth method has been developed for the synthesis of CuS nanoflakes and their hybrids. CuS nanoflakes of about 20 nm thickness and co‐component hybrids CuOx/CuS with variable composition ratios derived from different sulfidation time are obtained after the residual sulfur removal. Besides, benefiting from the mild low‐temperature sulfidation conditions, selective sulfidation is realized between Cu and Fe to yield iso‐component FeOx/CuS 2D nanoflakes of about 10–20 nm thickness, whose composition ratio is readily tunable by controlling the precursor. The as‐synthesized FeOx/CuS nanoflakes demonstrate superior lithium storage performance (i. e., 707 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 and 627 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 after 450 cycles) when tested as anode materials in LIBs owing to the advantages of the ultrathin 2D nanostructure as well as the lithiation volumetric strain self‐reconstruction effect of the co‐existing two phases during charging/discharging processes.
Peptide Stapling with Anion‐π Catalysts
Authors: Pham Anh‐Tuan , Matile Stefan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of naphthalenediimides (NDIs) that are bridged with short peptides. Reminiscent of peptide stapling technologies, the macrocycles are conveniently accessible by a chromogenic nucleophilic aromatic substitution of two bromides in the NDI core with two thiols from cysteine sidechains. The dimension of core‐bridged NDIs matches that of one turn of an α helix. NDI‐stapled peptides exist as two, often separable atropisomers. Introduction of tertiary amine bases in amino‐acid sidechains above the π‐acidic NDI surface affords operational anion‐π catalysts. According to an enolate chemistry benchmark reaction, anion‐π catalysis next to peptides occurs with record chemoselectivity but weak enantioselectivity. Catalytic activity drops with increasing distance of the amine base to the NDI surface, looser homocysteine bridges, mismatched, shortened and elongated α‐helix turns, and acyclic peptide controls. Elongation of isolated turns into short α helices significantly increases activity. This increase is consistent with remote control of anion‐π catalysis from the α‐helix macrodipole.