bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview and detectability of the genetic modifications in ornamental plants
Authors: Boutigny Anne-Laure , Dohin Nicolas , Pornin David , Rolland Mathieu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe market of ornamental plants is extremely competitive, and for many species genetic engineering can be used to introduce original traits of high commercial interest. However, very few genetically modified (GM) ornamental varieties have reached the market so far. Indeed, the authorization process required for such plants has a strong impact on the profitability of the development of such products. Considering the numerous scientific studies using genetic modification on ornamental species of interest, a lot of transformed material has been produced, could be of commercial interest and could therefore be unintentionally released on the market. The unintentional use of GM petunia in breeding programs has indeed recently been observed. This review lists scientific publications using GM ornamental plants and tries to identify whether these plants could be detected by molecular biology tools commonly used by control laboratories.
Sec-O-glucosylhamaudol suppressed inflammatory reaction induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling
Authors: Liu Guiming , Xie Jing , Shi Yurui , Chen Rongda , Li Li , Wang Mengxue , Zheng Meizhu , Xu Jiaming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As a major bioactive compound from the Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk, sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (SOG), has been reported to have anti-nociceptive activity and high 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity. Nevertheless, the mechanism of the potential anti-inflammatory effects of SOG is unclear. The anti-inflammatory impacts of SOG in RAW 264.7 cell lines stimulated by LPS were explored in the present study. It was found that SOG dose-dependently reduced the emergence of inflammation cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α in Raw264.7 murine macrophages stimulated by LPS. Real-time PCR assay demonstrated the SOG dose-dependently inhibited transcription of these cytokines as well. In addition, it was also found that NF-κB activation and MAPKs phosphorylation including p38, JNK and ERK1/2 induced by LPS were suppressed by SOG. Due to its anti-inflammatory activity, our results suggest that SOG might have therapeutic effects on inflammatory disease, such as acute lung injury or rheumatoid arthritis.
Dual‐band balanced‐to‐single‐ended crossover based on composite right‐ and left‐handed transmission lines
Authors: Bayat M. , Shahi H. , Mazloum J. 
Published: February 2020

This Letter presents a balanced‐to‐single‐ended (BS) crossover for dual‐band applications by using two rings included of composite right‐ and left‐handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs) with controllable frequency ratio feature. Two dumbbell defected ground structures (DGSs) are employed through balanced TLs to suppress out‐of‐band common‐mode. Theoretical analysis expresses that the frequency ratio can be controlled by suitable selecting of the element values and the number of designing cells of the CRLH TLs. Furthermore, desired impedances and electrical lengths of DGSs are obtained at the frequency of common‐mode rejection by using even‐ and odd‐mode analyses. To validate the proposed structure, a dual‐band BS crossover operating at 1.8 and 4.2 GHz is fabricated. Measurement results show that the fabricated proposed structure has good performance at the designed frequency bands.
Entwicklungen in der Analyse von Tumorheterogenität in computertomografischen Aufnahmen
Authors: Steinacker Jochen 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungLange beschränkte sich die bildmorphologische Beurteilung von Tumoren auf deren Größe einschließlich der Größendynamik, das Kontrastierungsmuster sowie deren visuell fassbarem Verhalten zum umliegenden Gewebe. In der letzten Dekade rückten zunehmend weitere Aspekte der Bildauswertung von in der klinischen Routine angefertigten Bilddatensätzen in den Fokus, welche dank stetig steigender Prozessorleistung und entsprechend neuer Anwendungsmöglichkeiten erstmals in größerem Umfang analysiert werden konnten. Begriffe wie Tumorheterogenität, „Machine Learning“ und „Big Data“ fanden sich immer häufiger in den Überschriften der Publikationen. Es ist gemeinhin anerkannt, dass Tumoren biologisch in der überwiegenden Zahl der Fälle keine homogene Masse darstellen, sondern sowohl auf makroskopischer als auch auf mikroskopischer und genetischer Ebene heterogene Gewebe darstellen. Diese histopathologischen und immunhistochemischen Erkenntnisse mit Tumorarealen unterschiedlicher Zelldichte, Angioneogenese und nekrotischen Anteilen sollten ein entsprechend quantifizierbares Korrelat in den bildgebenden Verfahren aufweisen. Die Heterogenitätsanalyse von Geweben in computertomografischen Datensätzen findet entsprechend in der Onkologie ein breites Anwendungsspektrum, aber auch nicht maligne Erkrankungen stellen einen möglichen Anwendungsbereich für diese Art der Bilddatenauswertung dar. Der nachfolgende Artikel soll eine Übersicht über bereits erfolgte Auswertungen von CT-Datensätzen bei verschiedenen Tumorentitäten und nichtonkologischen Fragestellungen liefern und die Herausforderungen für die weitere Anwendung von Heterogenitätsanalysen aufzeigen.Ein wichtiges Ziel stellt hierbei die Identifikation von möglichen bildgebenden Biomarkern zur Therapieresponseevaluation dar, um mit entsprechenden Rückschlüssen die Fortführung oder Umstellung der therapeutischen Maßnahmen zu untermauern.
Bildgebende Diagnostik zur Therapieplanung bei Lip- und Lymphödem
Authors: Zetzmann Katharina , Ludolph Ingo , Horch Raymund E , Boos Anja Miriam 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Lipödem ist eine progrediente Erkrankung, die immer mehr Frauen betrifft und zunehmend bewusster als Krankheit wahrgenommen wird. Sie ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Umfangsvermehrung durch Fettgewebsvermehrung der Extremitäten und kann im Verlauf zu Ödemen führen. Im Gegensatz dazu ist das Lymphödem durch eine umschriebene Lymphabflussstörung definiert, die zur Bindegewebsfibrose des umliegenden Gewebes führen kann. Während das Lipödem als klinische Diagnose gesichert werden kann und eine bildgebende Diagnostik meist nur zum Ausschluss von Begleiterkrankungen eingesetzt werden kann, gibt es bei einem Lymphödem die Möglichkeit zur Darstellung einer Lymphabflussstörung durch bildgebende Verfahren. Eine Ultraschalluntersuchung ist als Basisdiagnostik zur Darstellung der eingelagerten interstitiellen Flüssigkeit sowohl beim Lip- als auch Lymphödem indiziert. Der Goldstandard zur Darstellung einer Lymphabflussstörung ist die Lymphszintigrafie, die auch in Kombination mit einer Computertomografie durchgeführt werden kann. Eine weitere dynamische Untersuchung ist die Indocyaningrün (ICG)-Lymphografie, deren Durchführung immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnt, weil sie auch intraoperativ genutzt werden kann. Eine Magnetresonanz (MR)-Lymphografie zur 3-dimensionalen Darstellung eines Lymphödems und einer Lymphabflussstörung kann eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zur Therapie eines Lip- bzw. Lymphödems sein. Zur Therapie des Lip- und Lymphödems sollte stets eine Kombination aus konservativen und operativen Maßnahmen angestrebt werden. Während die Liposuktion und andere resezierende Verfahren Möglichkeiten zur Beschwerdelinderung bei bestehendem Lipödem oder fortgeschrittenem Lymphödem bieten, stellen die neuen rekonstruktiven Verfahren, wie beispielsweise die Lymphknotentransplantation und die Schaffung von lymphovenösen Anastomosen, vielversprechende, moderne Methoden zur Behandlung eines Lymphödems dar. Durch die Schaffung neuer Lymphabflusswege können Patienten mit einem Lymphödem auf eine langfristige Volumenreduktion der betroffenen Extremität oder Körperstelle und der damit verbundenen Symptomlinderung und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität hoffen.
A Single-Center Experience of Osteosynthesis Material Infection after Rib Fixation for Blunt Trauma
Authors: Agrafiotis Apostolos C. , Etienne Harry , Le Roux Marielle , Mazzoni Lucia , Giol Mihaela , Debrosse Denis , Assouad Jalal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction There is no data regarding the incidence and treatment of deep infection affecting the surgical implants after rib fixation. The aim of this study is to share our experience in the management of infected material after surgical rib fixation.
Methods The medical records of operated patients from January 2012 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results Three patients out of 87 (3.44%) developed an infection. One patient was treated conservatively and two patients were operated for hardware removal.
Conclusions The lack of evidence prompts for the design of surgical databases to share experience and enhance available data.
Hypothyroidism and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Wei Wei-Ting , Liu Peter Pin-Sung , Lin Shu-Man , Peng Carol Chiung-Hui , Wang Jen-Hung , Huang Huei-Kai , Loh Ching-Hui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that hypothyroidism may have an impact on blood coagulation. However, how hypothyroidism and thyroxine replacement therapy (TRT) affect the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the associations of hypothyroidism and TRT with VTE risks.
Materials and Methods This nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. We enrolled 10,818 hypothyroid patients (the exposed cohort) and 21,636 non-hypothyroid subjects (the unexposed cohort) between 2001 and 2014 after 1:2 exact matching according to age, sex, and index year. Hypothyroid patients were further divided into two groups depending on whether they received TRT or not. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for VTE were calculated using Fine and Gray competing risk models.
Results The mean follow-up period was 7.5 years. Hypothyroidism was significantly associated with a higher risk of VTE (aHR = 1.83 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–2.33, p < 0.001]). Among hypothyroid patients, the TRT subgroup had a non-significant trend of lower VTE risk than the non-TRT subgroup (aHR = 0.73 [95% CI: 0.52–1.01, p = 0.058]). The analysis for individual events revealed a significant association between TRT use and a lower risk of pulmonary embolism among hypothyroid patients (aHR = 0.34 [95% CI: 0.13–0.88, p = 0.026]).
Conclusion The data suggest that hypothyroidism was significantly associated with an increased risk of VTE. Among hypothyroid patients, a non-significant trend of lower VTE risk in patients treated with TRT was observed. Further prospective studies or clinical trials are necessary to confirm causality.
The genus
Garcinia
L. - genetic resources diversity and utilization.
Authors: Guedje N. M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The Clusiaceae family is widespread in tropical regions and includes 27 genera, among which is the genus
Garcinia
Lin.
Garcinia
species have multiple applications in traditional and industrial fields. Although these species are gaining much attention worldwide due to their traditional uses and potential bioactivities, such information, usually scattered in diverse literature or other unpublished sources, is not easily accessible to give a comprehensive picture of the value in use of this genus. The current review aims to summarize the main
Garcinia
genus diversity traits and to produce an indicative checklist of the species utilization. Of the approximate 418
Garcinia
species with accepted species names according to the online working list of all plant species (The Plant List) database (accessed until October 2019), a total of 60 (14.4%) species recorded with accepted scientific names were widely used in many regions or countries worldwide for multipurpose aims. The use categories include building and equipment material, colouring, cosmetic, ecosystem service, fodder, food product, industrial raw material, latex, medicine, miscellaneous products, spice and condiment, veterinary medicine and wood. Almost every plant part was found to be useful in these different use categories. There is an increased demand for plant-derived natural products worldwide. The checklist of useful species hereby provided is a starting point for deep knowledge of the genus potential. As essential prerequisites for a better planning of sustainable resource utilization, such knowledge has a direct bearing in attempts to promote the most useful species as raw material for plant-based products in industrial sectors such as food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical. This assumes a thorough assessment and selection of the most important and widely used
Garcinia
species for further development such as bio-essays or clinical tests, specification establishments for official compendia, pharmacopoeias or formularies.
A Lifespan fMRI Study of Neurodevelopment Associated with Reading Chinese
Authors: Siok Wai Ting , Jia Fanlu , Liu Chun Yin , Perfetti Charles A , Tan Li Hai 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the neural systems involved in reading Chinese in 125 participants 6–74 years old to examine two theoretical issues: how brain structure and function are related in the context of the lifetime neural development of human cognition and whether the neural network for reading is universal or different across languages. Our findings showed that a common network of left frontal and occipital regions typically involved in reading Chinese was recruited across all participants. Crucially, activation in left mid-inferior frontal regions, fusiform and striate–extrastriate sites, premotor cortex, right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral insula, and supplementary motor area all showed linearly decreasing changes with age. These findings differ from previous findings on alphabetic reading development and suggest that early readers at age 6–7 are already using the same cortical network to process printed words as adults, though the connections among these regions are modulated by reading proficiency, and cortical regions for reading are tuned by experience toward reduced and more focused activation. This fMRI study has demonstrated, for the first time, the neurodevelopment of reading across the lifespan and suggests that learning experience, instead of pre-existing brain structures, determines reading acquisition.
National Policy for Carbapenem-ResistantEnterobacteriaceae(CRE) Clearance and Discontinuation of Contact Precautions for CRE Carriers in Post–Acute Care Hospitals in Israel: Impact on Isolation-Days and New Acquisitions
Authors: Ben-David Debby , Masarwa Samira , Fallach Noga , Temkin Elizabeth , Solter Ester , Carmeli Yehuda , Schwaber Mitchell J ,   Israel Long-term Care Facility (LTCF) CRE Working Group, Laxer Irit , Pankin Marianna , Kental Sigalit , Zuderiants Ekaterina , Zaigraykin Natalia , Mattar Matanis Rihan , Karpechenka Irina , Shimonov Angela , Friedman Gideon , Landau Tzvi , Frodin Evgeny , Kunin Yanina , Sharhiya Samer , Glam Nili , Mendelson Gad , Zheleznyak Svetlana , Yehuda Nava , Ciobotaro Pnina , Gershkovich Polina , Yosef Hana , Atun Moria , Dar Meytal , Davidovitch Yosef , Aidinov Elena , Ben-Aroya Nurit , Or Ilana , Berg Yana , Matron Marina , Mishiev Ruth , Kogan Evgeni , Tzabari Ahuva , Boguslavsky Tania , Nissan Sarit , Granot Ester 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn 2009, the Israeli Ministry of Health implemented in post–acute care hospitals (PACHs) a process of discontinuing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) carrier status. We evaluated the policy’s impact on isolation-days, CRE prevalence among known carriers who had completed clearance testing, and CRE acquisition among noncarriers.MethodsThis retrospective study summarized findings from all 15 PACHs in 2009–2017. CRE carriers were considered cleared and removed from contact isolation after 2 rectal cultures negative for CRE and polymerase chain reaction negative for carbapenemases. Data sources included routine surveillance and 4 point prevalence surveys conducted from 2011 to 2017.ResultsDuring the study period, 887 of 6101 CRE carriers (14.5%) completed clearance testing. From 2013 to 2016, the percentage of patient-days in CRE isolation decreased from 9.4% to 3.9% (P = .008). In all surveys combined, there were 819 known CRE carriers; 411 (50%) had completed clearance testing. Of these, 11.4% (47/411) were CRE positive in the survey. At the ward level, the median percentage of patients with no CRE history who were positive on survey decreased from 11.3% in 2011 to 0% in 2017 (P &lt; .001). We found no ward-level correlation between the proportion of carriers who completed clearance and new acquisitions (ρ = 0.02, P = .86).ConclusionsA process for discontinuing CRE carrier status in PACHs led to a significant reduction in the percentage of patient-days in contact isolation without increasing CRE acquisitions among noncarriers.
Use of liposome encapsulation in a combined single-liquid reagent for homogeneous enzyme immunoassay.
Authors: Ullman E F , Tarnowski T , Felgner P , Gibbons I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A technique has been developed to permit mutually reactive macromolecular reagents used in immunoassays to be combined without premature reaction. A conjugate of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and theophylline has been encapsulated in 0.2-micron-diameter bi-lamellar liposomes. Suspensions of these liposomes had excellent stability. Whereas the enzyme activity of the free conjugate is rapidly inhibited by anti-theophylline antibody, a suspension of the encapsulated conjugate in a solution of the antibody and NAD+ (6.0 mmol/L) retained greater than 92% of the initial enzyme activity after standing for one year at 4 degrees C. At higher NAD+ concentrations the liposomes aggregated, and enzyme activity was inhibited by leakage of the NAD+ hydrolysis product, adenosine diphosphoryl 5-ribose (ADP-ribose), into the liposomes. Inhibition by ADP-ribose could be blocked and partly reversed by adding semicarbazide. The liposomes were efficiently lysed by Triton X-100, deoxycholate, or octyl glucoside, the kinetics and extent of lysis being affected by liposome size and correlating with the acid strength of various cholate derivatives. Addition of a serum sample and a solution of buffer, substrate, and detergent to a single reagent containing the liposomes and anti-theophylline antibody provided assay results equivalent to those obtained by conventional two-reagent EMIT homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for theophylline.
Capillary blood, dried on filter paper, as sample for monitoring cyclosporin A concentrations.
Authors: Lampe D , Scholz D , Prümke H J , Blank W , Hüller H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For monitoring the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A by radioimmunoassay (Sandoz Ltd.) we propose a simple method of sampling in which 20 microL of capillary blood is dried on filter paper. Patients can collect their own samples and mail or bring them to the laboratory. Results for such samples, and their variability, correspond to those for conventional methods of sampling (collection of venous or capillary blood into buffer). Capillary blood can be stored on paper at room temperature for more than four weeks with no effect on assay results.
Measurement of glycated protein by a rapid and specific method for absolute quantification of lysine-bound glucose.
Authors: Drexel H , Klocker H , Patsch J R , Breier C , Braunsteiner H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We modified the liquid-chromatographic assay of Schleicher and Wieland (J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1981; 19:81-7) for measuring lysine-bound glucose in serum proteins, increasing its performance and practicality. After precipitating serum proteins from 10- to 50-microL samples with ethanol (700 mL/L) and hydrolyzing these in 6 mol/L HCl, we inject 20 microL of the diluted hydrolysate directly into the chromatograph, which consists of an acid-resistant C18 precolumn combined with a high-resolution C18 main column. The eluent is 3.5 mmol/L H3PO4 solution containing 30 mL of acetonitrile per liter. These modifications increase sensitivity, provide excellent resolution and longevity of stationary phases, shorten assay times to 15 to 20 min, and are suited for automation. The assay is highly sensitive and highly specific, quantifying nanomoles of lysine-bound glucose per milligram of protein. A precision (CV) of 5.1% is achievable at physiological and supra-physiological glucose concentrations, and analytical recovery is 99%. This inexpensive method has been applied to serum albumin, bulk serum proteins, and preparations of low-density lipoproteins and immunoglobulins.
Decreased drug absorption in a patient with Behçet's syndrome.
Authors: Chaleby K , el-Yazigi A , Atiyeh M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Observing a lack of response to orally administered drugs in a patient with Behçet's disease, we studied the absorption of amitriptyline, diazepam, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and acetaminophen in this patient after single and (or) multiple dose administrations. The relative oral/intramuscular bioavailability of amitriptyline was only 13%, and the steady-state concentrations of this drug on four consecutive days were acutely subtherapeutic (i.e., 3.6, 3.7, 3.9, and 3.7 micrograms/L). The concentrations of diazepam, phenytoin, and acetaminophen in plasma were nonmeasurable. Examination of the gastrointestinal tract by endoscopy and by light and electronic microscopy of a biopsy section revealed inflammatory and vascular changes in the duodenum. In the absence of clinical evidence for malabsorption syndrome, we believe that the decreased drug absorption observed in this patient was caused by inflammatory changes associated with Behçet's syndrome.
Sir, Yes, Sir! Hierarchy, Coups and the Political Preferences of Army Officers
Authors: Fajardo Gustavo 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
I show that coups that break the chain of command polarise the military along hierarchical lines. I study an instance of Venezuelan history in which the political preferences of individual members of the army towards former coup leader Hugo Chávez became observable. Outranking Chávez at the time of the insubordination increases the probability of later opposing his presidency. Causal estimates rely on a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, where minimum time requirements for promotion in the army provide exogenous variation in the ranking of officers at the time of the coup. I discuss implications for the literature on civil–military relations.
‘Cologne Changed Everything’—The Effect of Threatening Events on the Frequency and Distribution of Intergroup Conflict in Germany
Authors: Frey Arun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this article, I study the role that threatening events play in shaping both the occurrence and the distribution of intergroup conflict. Using the case of anti-refugee attacks in Germany, the study finds that the 2015 New Year’s Eve (NYE) sexual assaults led to a dramatic surge in the daily rate of violence, far surpassing the more short-lived effect of domestic and European terrorist attacks. Importantly, this effect was more pronounced among districts with low prior levels of anti-refugee hostility and far-right support. The NYE event both increased the frequency and changed the distribution of subsequent attacks—mobilizing new, previously peaceful communities to behave aggressively towards local refugee populations. Together, these findings reveal that threatening events not only affect the amount of intergroup conflict, but may also alter the structural conditions under which such conflict emerges in the first place.