bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defoliation management effects on nutritive value of ‘performer’ switchgrass
Authors: Bekewe Perejitei E. , Castillo Miguel S. , Acosta Juan J. , Rivera R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractForage species with greater nutritive value have the potential to positively affect animal responses. ‘Performer’ switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) was released because of greater digestibility and lower lignin concentrations as compared to ‘Alamo’ and ‘Cave‐in‐Rock.’ However, the relationship between nutritive value, canopy characteristics, and dry matter yield for this species has not yet been established. The goal of this study was to determine in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) as a function of a wide range of defoliation management strategies to aim optimize production of nutritious forage. Treatments were the factorial combination (4 × 4) of defoliation height (DH; clipped to 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm) and defoliation frequency (DF; clipped every 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk). The range of digestibility values was greater due to DF (from 590–779 g kg−1 when averaged across DH treatments) than DH treatments (from 675–692 g kg−1 when averaged across DF treatments). In general, frequent defoliation resulted in greater IVTD and CP but lower yields; however, there were interaction effects of DF × DH for all response variables. With the exception of NDF, all response variables had strong correlations with dry matter yield, canopy height, and leaf/stem ratio. Although there are tradeoffs when managing for productivity and nutritive value, there is a wide range of defoliation management options for ‘Performer’ switchgrass that provide flexibility in terms of harvesting schedules to optimize productivity and persistence of nutritious forage.
Transition Metal Phosphide‐Based Materials for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution: A Critical Review
Authors: Weng Chen‐Chen , Ren Jin‐Tao , Yuan Zhong‐Yong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs hydrogen has been increasingly considered as promising sustainable energy supply, electrochemical overall water splitting driven by highly efficient non‐noble metal electrocatalysts has aroused extensive attention. Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have demonstrated remarkable electrocatalytic performance, including high activity and robust durability towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic and alkaline as well as neutral electrolytes. In this Review, up‐to‐date progress of TMP‐based HER electrocatalysts is summarized. Various synthesis strategies of TMPs based on selected phosphorus sources are presented, and the reaction mechanisms of HER as well as the contribution of phosphorus in the TMPs to HER activity are briefly discussed. The multiscale approaches for promoting the activity and stability of TMP‐based catalysts are discussed with respect to intrinsic electronic structure, hybrids, microstructure, and working electrode interface. Some crucial issues and future perspectives of TMPs are pointed out. These modulated approaches and challenges are also instructive for constructing other high‐activity energy‐related electrocatalysts.
Temporal patterns of macrophage‐ and neutrophil‐related markers are associated with clinical outcome in heart failure patients
Authors: Klimczak‐Tomaniak Dominika , Bouwens Elke , Schuurman Anne‐Sophie , Akkerhuis K. Martijn , Constantinescu Alina , Brugts Jasper , Westenbrink B. Daan , van Ramshorst Jan , Germans Tjeerd , Pączek Leszek , Umans Victor , Boersma Eric , Kardys Isabella 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsEvidence on the association of macrophage‐ and neutrophil‐related blood biomarkers with clinical outcome in heart failure patients is limited, and, with the exception of C‐reactive protein, no data exist on their temporal evolution. We aimed to investigate whether temporal patterns of these biomarkers are related to clinical outcome in patients with stable chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods and ResultsIn 263 patients with CHF, we performed serial plasma measurements of scavenger receptor cysteine‐rich type 1 protein M130 (CD163), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase type 5 (TRAP), granulins (GRN), spondin‐1 (SPON1), peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). The Cardiovascular Panel III (Olink Proteomics AB, Uppsala, Sweden) was used. During 2.2 years of follow‐up, we collected 1984 samples before the occurrence of the composite primary endpoint (PE) or censoring. For efficiency, we selected 567 samples for the measurements (all baseline samples, the last two samples preceding the PE, and the last sample before censoring in event‐free patients). The relationship between repeatedly measured biomarker levels and the PE was evaluated by joint models. Mean (±standard deviation) age was 67 ± 13 years; 189 (72%) were men; left ventricular ejection fraction (%) was 32 ± 11. During follow‐up, 70 (27%) patients experienced the PE. Serially measured biomarkers predicted the PE in a multivariable model adjusted for baseline clinical characteristics [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) per 1‐standard deviation change in biomarker]: CD163 [2.07(1.47–2.98), P < 0.001], TRAP [0.62 (0.43–0.90), P = 0.009], GRN [2.46 (1.64–3.84), P < 0.001], SPON1 [3.94 (2.50–6.50), P < 0.001], and PGLYRP1 [1.62 (1.14–2.31), P = 0.006].ConclusionsChanges in plasma levels of CD163, TRAP, GRN, SPON1, and PGLYRP1 precede adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CHF.
Electroanalysis of Carbendazim using MWCNT/Ca‐ZnO Modified Electrode
Authors: Malode Shweta J. , Keerthi Prabhu K. , Shetti Nagaraj P. , Kulkarni Raviraj M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present research involves the report on electrochemical deportment of Carbendazim (MBC) at multiwalled carbon nanotubes and calcium‐doped zinc oxide nanoparticles altered nanocomposite based carbon paste electrode (MWCNTs/Ca‐ZnO‐CPE). The modified carbon paste evidenced manifest electrocatalytic behavior for MBC in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) solutions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques were used for the analysis. The working electrode assembly exhibits faster electron transfer of MBC with increase in the peak current. At bare CPE, MBC showed maximum peak current of 1.098 μA at potential 0.7568 V whereas at MWCNT/Ca‐ZnO/CPE peak current of 5.203 μA was observed at potential 0.7541 V in 0.2 M PBS of pH 7.0 at the sweep rate of 50 mV s−1. The synthesized 5 % Ca‐ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Various factors influencing the voltammetry of MBC such as pre‐concentration time, pH, sweep rate, and amount of MBC were studied and from the studies we observed that the response was found to be diffusion‐controlled. The concentration variation studies for MBC was watched in the linear working range of 0.01 μM to 0.45 μM and the detection limit was found by SWV technique.
Conditional depletion of Fus in oligodendrocytes leads to motor hyperactivity and increased myelin deposition associated with Akt and cholesterol activation
Authors: Guzman Kelly M. , Brink Lauren E. , Rodriguez‐Bey Guillermo , Bodnar Richard J. , Kuang Lisha , Xing Bin , Sullivan Mara , Park Hyun J. , Koppes Erik , Zhu Haining , Padiath Quasar , Cambi Franca 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFused in sarcoma (FUS) is a predominantly nuclear multifunctional RNA/DNA‐binding protein that regulates multiple aspects of gene expression. FUS mutations are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) and frontotemporal lobe degeneration (FTLD) in humans. At the molecular level, the mutated FUS protein is reduced in the nucleus but accumulates in cytoplasmic granules. Oligodendrocytes (OL) carrying clinically relevant FUS mutations contribute to non‐cell autonomous motor neuron disease progression, consistent with an extrinsic mechanism of disease mediated by OL. Knocking out FUS globally or in neurons lead to behavioral abnormalities that are similar to those present in FTLD. In this study, we sought to investigate whether an extrinsic mechanism mediated by loss of FUS function in OL contributes to the behavioral phenotype. We have generated a novel conditional knockout (cKO) in which Fus is selectively depleted in OL (FusOL cKO). The FusOL cKO mice show increased novelty‐induced motor activity and enhanced exploratory behavior, which are reminiscent of some manifestations of FTLD. The phenotypes are associated with greater myelin thickness, higher number of myelinated small diameter axons without an increase in the number of mature OL. The expression of the rate‐limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis (HMGCR) is increased in white matter tracts of the FusOLcKO and results in higher cholesterol content. In addition, phosphorylation of Akt, an important regulator of myelination is increased in the FusOLcKO. Collectively, this work has uncovered a novel role of oligodendrocytic Fus in regulating myelin deposition through activation of Akt and cholesterol biosynthesis.
Who belongs in school? Examining the link between Black and White racial disparities in sense of school belonging and suspension
Authors: Fisher Benjamin W. , Dawson‐Edwards Cherie , Higgins Ethan M. , Swartz Kristin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRelative to White students, Black students experience higher rates of exclusionary discipline and less welcoming school environments. However, little empirical research has examined the extent to which these two parallel racial disparities are linked. This study examines the relationship between student race and suspension and whether this relationship depends on school‐level racial disparities in students' sense of school belonging. Using data from 73,755 students (56.4% White, 43.6% Black or African–American) nested within 131 schools, this study uses a series of multilevel models with cross‐level interactions. This study finds that Black students are consistently more likely to be suspended than White students, but this difference is nonsignificant in schools where Black students' sense of school belonging is much higher than that of White students'. As such, schools' efforts toward reducing the discipline gap may benefit from making schools more welcoming to Black students.
MiR‐96‐5p promotes breast cancer migration by activating MEK/ERK signaling
Authors: Qin Wei‐yan , Feng Shi‐chun , Sun Yong‐qiang , Jiang Guo‐qin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential role of miR‐96‐5p in breast cancer.MethodsBreast cancer tissues and matched para‐cancerous tissues were collected. The expression of microRNA‐96‐5p (miR‐96‐5p) and arginine kinase 3 (AK3) was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). The correlation between miR‐96‐5p and AK3 was calculated by Pearson's Chi‐square test. Moreover, mimics or inhibitors of miR‐96‐5p were applied to explore whether miR‐96‐5p influences the migration capacity in Transwell and wound healing assays. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the target genes of miR‐96‐5p through the TargetScan, miRDB and miRanda databases. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify AK3 as a downstream target gene of miR‐96‐5p.ResultsThe expression of miR‐96‐5p was significantly increased in breast cancer tissue and breast cancer cell lines compared with para‐cancerous tissue and a breast cell line, respectively. The expression of miR‐96‐5p negatively correlated with AK3 gene expression. AK3 was demonstrated to be a direct mRNA target of miR‐96‐5p. AK3 was positively associated with the overall survival of breast cancer patients. Kaplan–Meier curve and log rank test analyses revealed that decreased AK3 levels were significantly associated with reduced overall survival. miR‐96‐5p was shown to promote the migration of breast cancer cells through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.ConclusionOur results identify a role for miR‐96‐5p in promoting breast cancer cell migration through activation of MEK/ERK signaling by targeting AK3.
Usefulness of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT in the diagnosis and prediction of recurrence of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Sato Asahi , Masui Toshihiko , Yogo Akitada , Uchida Yuichiro , Nakano Kenzo , Anazawa Takayuki , Nagai Kazuyuki , Takaori Kyoichi , Nakamoto Yuji , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT is a widely used diagnostic tool for several malignancies, its efficacy in diagnosing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is reported to be controversial because of the short‐term follow‐up.MethodsWe retrospectively compared demographics and pathological features between 18F‐FDG‐positive and ‐negative diseases. Additionally, we evaluated whether the avidity of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT affected earlier recurrence after curative treatment of non‐functioning tumors. The median duration of observation was 65.6 months.ResultsSeventy‐two patients were enrolled. 18F‐FDG‐positive diseases were pathologically advanced and significantly associated with metastatic behavior. In a multivariate analysis, metastatic behavior and WHO tumor grade was independently associated with 18F‐FDG accumulation. Only 25% of functional tumors (4/16) and 8% of insulinomas (1/12) were 18F‐FDG‐positive. In a Kaplan–Meier analysis in patients with non‐functioning tumors (n = 56), 18F‐FDG‐positivity was significantly correlated with poorer recurrence‐free survival (RFS) but had no correlation with overall survival. In univariate analysis of factors associated with shorter RFS, male gender, prevalence of nodal metastasis, WHO tumor grade ≥G2, or 18F‐FDG‐positive disease were significantly higher in patients with shorter RFS, whereas only 18F‐FDG‐positivity was associated with shorter RFS in multivariate analyses.ConclusionsThe avidity of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT was associated with metastatic behavior of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and recurrence after treatment of non‐functioning tumors.
Developmental brain abnormalities and acute encephalopathy in a patient with myopathy with extrapyramidal signs secondary to pathogenic variants in MICU1
Authors: Wilton Katelynn M. , Morales‐Rosado Joel A. , Selcen Duygu , Muthusamy Karthik , Ewing Sarah , Agre Katherine , Nickels Katherine , Klee Eric W. , Ho Mai‐Lan , Morava Eva 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMitochondria play a variety of roles in the cell, far beyond their widely recognized role in ATP generation. One such role is the regulation and sequestration of calcium, which is done with the help of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and its regulators, MICU1 and MICU2. Genetic variations in MICU1 and MICU2 have been reported to cause myopathy, developmental disability and neurological symptoms typical of mitochondrial disorders. The symptoms of MICU1/2 deficiency have generally been attributed to calcium regulation in the metabolic and biochemical roles of mitochondria. Here, we report a female child with heterozygous MICU1 variants and multiple congenital brain malformations on MRI. Specifically, she shows anterior perisylvian polymicrogyria, dysmorphic basal ganglia, and cerebellar dysplasia in addition to white matter abnormalities. These novel findings suggest that MICU1 is necessary for proper neurodevelopment through a variety of potential mechanisms, including calcium‐mediated regulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton, Miro1‐MCU complex‐mediated mitochondrial movement, or enhancing ATP production. This case provides new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of MCU dysfunction and may represent a novel diagnostic feature of calcium‐based mitochondrial disease.
Subjectively Reported Effects Experienced in an Actively Shielded 7T MRI: A Large‐Scale Study
Authors: Hansson Boel , Markenroth Bloch Karin , Owman Titti , Nilsson Markus , Lätt Jimmy , Olsrud Johan , Björkman‐Burtscher Isabella M. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundUltrahigh‐field (UHF) MRI advances towards clinical use. Patient compliance is generally high, but few large‐scale studies have investigated the effects experienced in 7T MRI systems, especially considering peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and caregiving.PurposeTo evaluate the quantity, the intensity, and subjective experiences from short‐term effects, focusing on the levels of comfort and compliance of subjects.Study TypeProspective.PopulationIn all, 954 consecutive MRIs in 801 subjects for 3 years.Field Strength7T.AssessmentAfter the 7T examination, a questionnaire was used to collect data.Statistical TestsDescriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation, Mann–Whitney U‐test, and t‐test.ResultsThe majority (63%) of subjects agreed that the MRI experience was comfortable and 93% would be willing to undergo future 7T MRI as a patient (5% undecided) and 82% for research purposes (12% undecided). The most common short‐term effects experienced were dizziness (81%), inconsistent movement (68%), PNS (63%), headache (40%), nausea (32%), metallic taste (12%), and light flashes (8%). Of the subjects who reported having PNS (n = 603), 44% experienced PNS as “not uncomfortable at all,” 45% as “little or very little uncomfortable,” and 11% as “moderate to very much uncomfortable.” Scanner room temperature was experienced more comfortable before (78%) than during (58%) examinations, and the noise level was acceptable by 90% of subjects. Anxiety before the examination was reported by 43%. Patients differed from healthy volunteers regarding an experience of headache, metallic taste, dizziness, or anxiety. Room for improvement was pointed out after 117 examinations concerning given information (n = 73), communication and sound system (n = 35), or nursing care (n = 15).Data ConclusionSubjectively reported effects occur in actively shielded 7T MRI and include physiological responses and individual psychological issues. Although leaving room for improvement, few subjects experienced these effects being so uncomfortable that they would lead to aversion to future UHF examinations.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1265–1276.
Noninvasive simultaneous monitoring of pH and depth using surface‐enhanced deep Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gardner Benjamin , Stone Nicholas , Matousek Pavel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHere we demonstrate the simultaneous recovery of multiplexed physical information of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (pH and depth) using deep Raman spectroscopy. As has been shown previously and in accordance with theory, inelastically scattered photons arising from spectral peaks that are suitably separated can exhibit different optical properties in the media through which they travel. These differences can impact the relative intensities of the Raman peaks as a function of the transmission path length; thereby, the depth of signal generation is inherently encoded in the spectra; assuming the target is clustered at a single depth or location, its depth can be readily determined. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy is very sensitive to chemistry of a sample, and changes in pH are observed not only as changes in peak intensity through relevant protonation and deprotonation but also as shifts in spectral features. Here, we show it is possible to precisely predict the depth (root‐mean‐square error [RMSE] 5 %) of SERS nanoparticles in scattering media (0.5% intralipid) while also being able to noninvasively monitor simultaneously the pH levels (RMSE ~0.2 pH units) of the media surrounding the nanoparticles. This is important as it demonstrates that nanoparticles can be used to report on multiple physical properties including their depth. This opens avenues for a range of new applications including the noninvasive diagnosis and localisation of cancer lesions in clinical environment in vivo.
Short focal length tunable liquid crystal lenticular lens array based on fringe field effect
Authors: Li Rui , Chu Fan , Tian Li‐Lan , Gu Xiao‐Qing , Zhou Xiang‐Yu , Wang Qiong‐Hua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA liquid crystal (LC) lenticular lens array based on fringe field effect is proposed. The gradient refractive index (GRIN) profile can be generated in the LC layer because of the fringe field between the strip‐shaped electrodes and the bottom electrode. The proposed LC lenticular lens array possesses ideal lens‐like phase profile and shortest focal length (1.199 mm) when the driving voltage is 5.4 V. The focal length can be tuned with millisecond response time by changing the driving voltage of the proposed LC lenticular lens array. The rise time τrise and decay time τdecay of the proposed LC lenticular lens array are 162 and 94 ms, respectively.
Incidence and impact of Textbook Outcome among patients undergoing resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Results of the US Neuroendocrine Tumor Study Group
Authors: Heidsma Charlotte M. , Hyer Madison , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Rocha Flavio , Abbott Daniel E. , Fields Ryan , Smith Paula M. , Poultsides George A. , Cho Clifford , Maithel Shishir K. , Pawlik Timothy M. ,   Other Members of the US Neuroendocrine Tumor Study Group
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe sought to define the incidence and impact of Textbook Outcome (TO) on disease‐free survival [DFS] among patients undergoing resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET).MethodsPatients undergoing resection of a PNET between 2000 and 2016 were identified using a multi‐institutional database. TO was defined as no postoperative severe complications (Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥ III), no 90‐day mortality, no prolonged length‐of‐hospital stay (LOS) (ie, > 75th percentile), no 90‐day readmission after discharge, and R0 resection. The 5‐year DFS was calculated and the association with TO was examined.ResultsAmong 821 patients with a PNET, median tumor size was 2.1 cm (IQR 1.4‐14.6). Resection consisted of pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) (n = 231, 28.1%), distal pancreatectomy (DP) (n = 492, 59.9%), and enucleation (EN) (n = 98, 11.9%). Overall TO rate was 49.3% (n = 405). The incidence of TO varied by procedure type (PD: 32.5% vs DP: 56.7% vs EN: 52.0%; P < .001). After adjusting for all competing factors, achievement of a TO was independently associated with improved DFS (hazard ratio: 0.54, 95% CI, 0.35‐0.81; P = .003).ConclusionsOnly one in two patients undergoing resection of a PNET achieved a TO, which varied markedly based on procedure type. Achievement of a TO was associated with improved DFS.
Inhibiting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N by microRNA‐590‐3p reduced cell growth of cervical carcinoma
Authors: Song Ting‐Ting , Xu Fei , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N (UBE2N) has been reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis of several tumors, but its function in cervical carcinoma has not been investigated yet. In the present study, UBE2N was found elevated in cervical carcinoma, and patients with high UBE2N had a shorter overall survival than patients with low expression. Additionally, knockdown of UBE2N decreased the activation of MEK1/2 and p38 in cervical carcinoma cells, and UBE2N knockdown also markedly inhibited cervical carcinoma cell growth. Our further studies found that microRNA‐590‐3p (miR‐590‐3p) was significantly decreased in cervical carcinoma, and patients with high miR‐590‐3p had a longer overall survival than patients with low expression. Moreover, miR‐590‐3p expression was found negatively correlated with UBE2N expression in cervical carcinoma, and our further studies showed that miR‐590‐3p targeted UBE2N and inhibited its expression in cervical carcinoma. Overexpression of miR‐590‐3p could inhibit cervical carcinoma cell growth, but enhanced UBE2N could rescue miR‐590‐3p‐induced cell growth inhibition in cervical carcinoma. This study indicated that targeting miR‐590‐3p/UBE2N axis could be a potential strategy for the treatment of cervical carcinoma.