bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Screening for the Development of Radioprotectors: Radioprotection and Anti-Cancer Effect of β-Glucan (Enterococcus faecalis)
Authors: Gu Yeun-Hwa 
Published: December 2020

In this study, β-glucan was orally administered and irradiated with whole body 2 Gy. It was then confirmed that the mortality of mice and tumor growth of mice with tumors were significantly reduced. Since the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes increased with a single dose of β-glucan, the crystal was encountered where the radioprotective effect of β-glucan was probably increased by the hematopoietic action of irradiated mice. In previous studies, β-(1–3)-D-glucan extract has a radioprotective effect and an antitumor effect, and regarding the mechanism of action, the immune activity and antioxidant were elucidated. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of β-glucan on radiation, protection of immune disorders, and antioxidant effects. After intraperitoneal inoculation of about 2 x 106 sarcoma 180, ICR mice were administered 200 mg/kg β-glucan every other day every two weeks. We irradiated 2 Gy radiation 3 times and counted the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes. In addition, body weight and tumor size were measured 2 weeks after cancer cells were seeded. Antioxidant activity was measured using the AAPH (2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride) method. There was a clear decrease in tumor size in the radiation and glucan groups compared to the group receiving only cancer cells that increased tumor size over time. Almost all mice inoculated with only cancer cells died two weeks after radiation, but two-thirds of radiation and the glucan group were alive. Regardless of radiation exposure, the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes increased when β-glucan was administered. Antioxidant activity has been demonstrated in both groups of glucans. These results may indicate that administration of β-glucan increases immune activity, prevents side effects during cancer radiotherapy, and provides a supplemental tool for the treatment of cancer.
Activities: Make Your Own Problems- and Then Solve Them
Authors: Kimball Robert L. 
Published: December 2020

The mathematics curriculum should include the refinement and extension of methods of mathematical problem solving so that all students can recognize and formulate problems from situations within and outside mathematics. (NCTM 1989, 137)The mathematics curriculum should include the continued development of language and symbolism to communicate mathematical ideas so that all students can express mathematical ideas ora lly and in writing. (NCTM 1989, 140)The teacher of mathematics should pose tasks that … call for problem formulation, problem solving, and mathematical reasoning [and) promote communication about mathematics. (NCTM 1991, 25)
The initial stage of the Muslim Brotherhood's activity: from political self-isolation to the demand to create an "Islamic party" (1928-1936)
Authors: Fedorov Nikolay 
Published: December 2020

The subject of the research in the article is the development of the political doctrine of the Egyptian organization "Muslim Brotherhood" in the period from 1928 to 1936. The author examines in detail the historical context in which the Brotherhood arose and developed at the initial stage of its existence. The political situation that developed in Egypt by the end of the 1920s - early 1930s, as well as the peculiarities of the socioвЂ”economic development of the country in the interwar period (1919-1939) are analyzed. The author examines in detail the evolution of the views and rhetoric of the founder of the organization Hassan al-Banna. Special attention is paid in the article to the formation of the structure of society, its apparatus, as well as the political doctrine and the question of the positioning of the "Brotherhood". В The main conclusions of the study are the existence of a visible connection between the nature of al-Banna's statements and the political situation prevailing in Egypt at a particular time, as well as the conscious desire of the founder of the organization to isolate himself from participating in the struggle for power for the sake of further strengthening the Muslim Brotherhood. A special contribution of the author is the deconstruction of the events of 1936, which led to a sharp politicization of the Brotherhood, reflected in the demand to create an "Islamic party". The novelty of the research lies in the involvement of a large array of materials in Arabic, as well as in an attempt to compare the development of nationalist and Islamist movements in Egypt.
Pregnant Women’s Experience during Antenatal Care in Private Clinic Maternity Nursing
Authors: Fujiana Fitri , Setyowati Setyowati , Rachmawati Imami Nur 
Published: December 2020

Maternity nurses are authorized health workers that provide antenatal care, but their roles and function in antenatal care services are not recognized by the public. This research aims to reveal the experience of pregnant women during antenatal visits in private clinic maternity nursing. Six pregnant women selected using purposive sampling underwent an in-depth interview in this descriptive phenomenological study. Data were analyzed through thematic content analysis with Moustakas approach. Three themes were identified in this study: 1) women experience good communication with maternity nurses; 2) women receive family-centered nursing care; 3) the schedule, cost, facility, and types of service meet the participants’ needs. This study suggests for nurses to improve their competencies in delivering antenatal care according to clients’ needs.Abstrak Pengalaman Kehamilan Wanita Selama Masa Perawatan Antenatal di Klinik Mandiri Keperawatan Maternitas. Perawat spesialis maternitas adalah petugas kesehatan berwenang yang menyediakan perawatan antenatal, tetapi peran dan fungsinya dalam layanan perawatan antenatal belum dikenal oleh masyarkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pengalaman ibu hamil selama kunjungan antenatal di klinik mandiri keperawatan maternitas. Enam ibu hamil yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling menjalani wawancara mendalam dalam studi fenomenologis deskriptif ini. Data dianalisis melalui tematik konten analisis dengan pendekatan Moustakas. Tiga tema diidentifikasi dalam penelitian ini: 1) ibu hamil mengalami komunikasi yang baik dengan perawat maternitas; 2) wanita menerima asuhan keperawatan yang berpusat pada keluarga; 3) jadwal, biaya, fasilitas, dan jenis pelayanan sesuai keinginan ibu hamil. Studi ini menyarankan bagi perawat untuk meningkatkan kompetensi mereka dalam memberikan pelayanan antenatal sesuai dengan kebutuhan klien. Kata Kunci: antenatal care, ibu hamil, perawat maternitas
Entrepreneurial Intention Model: Empirical Results with Management Students in Serbia
Authors: Nikolić Tošović Marija , Jovanović Violeta 
Published: December 2020

Research Question: This paper analyses which elements influence the entrepreneurial intention in Serbian entrepreneurial practice. Motivation: With this research, we want to draw attention of the public, decision-makers and entrepreneurs to entrepreneurship as a huge potential for the nation’s long-term economic growth in Serbia. To enlarge the number of potential entrepreneurs and, therefore, the final number of entrepreneurs, a more detailed explanation of all the phases as well as the prediction of entrepreneurship is necessary. As far as the first phase is concerned, this research starts from the adoption of the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) and tests relative contributions of motivational antecedents to the entrepreneurial intention (EI). Mixed results from literature for model specifications, especially for the contribution of subjective norm (SN), lead to the general need for more empirical support. Idea: Considering findings that the influence of motivational antecedents on EI differs due to national cultures (Linan & Chen, 2009), we conducted the empirical investigation to test the model in the context of Serbian entrepreneurial practice. Data: Primary data were collected from 191 responses to the questionnaire distributed among the students of Master management studies and junior and senior students of undergraduate management studies at the Faculty of Management in the first semester of 2019/2020. Tools: To confirm the construct validity and to improve the quality of the measurement model and its application to new dataset, methods that validate the model were applied: Cronbach’s alpha, factor analysis, the Heterotrait–Monotrait ratio of correlations and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. To test the hypotheses, the structural equation modelling was used. Findings: The proposed EI model achieved statistically significant explanatory power of almost 50% of the variations in EI, due to personal attitude (PA) and perceived behaviour control (PBC). The study adds empirical evidence in the context of Serbian entrepreneurial practice about the role of SN as the antecedent of PA and PBC. Age, a role model and work experience showed statistically significant influence as control variables. Contribution: The study extends the literature by empirically testing Ajzen’s theory in the context of an emerging economy and offers an input for practical implementation of findings.
Polo like kinase 1 expression in cervical cancer tissues generated from multiple detection methods
Authors: Gao Li , Pang Yu-Yan , Guo Xian-Yu , Zeng Jing-Jing , Tang Zhong-Qing , Xiong Dan-Dan , Yang Xia , Li Ying , Ma Fu-Chao , Pan Lin-Jiang , Feng Zhen-Bo , Chen Gang 
Published: December 2020

Background
Existing studies of PLK1 in cervical cancer had several flaws. The methods adopted by those studies of detecting PLK1 expression in cervical cancer were single and there lacks comprehensive evaluation of the clinico-pathological significance of PLK1 in cervical cancer.

Methods
A total of 303 cervical tissue samples were collected for in-house tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemistry was performed for evaluating PLK1 expression between cervical cancer (including cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) and cervical adenocarcinoma) and non-cancer samples. The Expression Atlas database was searched for querying PLK1 expression in different cervical cancer cell lines and different tissues in the context of pan-cancer. Standard mean difference (SMD) was calculated and the summarized receiver’s operating characteristics (SROC) curves were plotted for integrated tissue microarrays, exterior high-throughput microarrays and RNA sequencing data as further verification. The effect of PLK1 expression on the overall survival, disease-free survival and event-free survival of cervical cancer patients was analyzed through Kaplan Meier survival curves for cervical cancer patients from RNA-seq and GSE44001 datasets. The gene mutation and alteration status of PLK1 in cervical cancer was inspected in COSMIC and cBioPortal databases. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for genes correlated with PLK1 from aggregated RNA-seq and microarrays.

Results
A total of 963 cervical cancer samples and 178 non-cancer samples were collected from in-house tissue microarrays and exterior microarrays and RNA-seq datasets. The combined expression analysis supported overexpression of PLK1 in CESC, cervical adenocarcinoma and all types of cervical cancer (SMD = 1.59, 95%CI [0.56–2.63]; SMD = 2.99, 95%CI [0.75–5.24]; SMD = 1.57, 95% CI [0.85–2.29]) and the significant power of PLK1 expression in distinguishing CESC or all types of cervical cancer samples from non-cancer samples (AUC = 0.94, AUC = 0.92). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the event-free survival rate of cervical cancer patients with higher expression of PLK1 was shorter than that of patients with lower PLK1 (HR = 2.020, P = 0.0197). Genetic alteration of PLK1 including missense mutation and mRNA low occurred in 6% of cervical cancer samples profiled in mRNA expression. Genes positively or negatively correlated with PLK1 were mainly assembled in pathways such as DNA replication, cell cycle, mismatch repair, Ras signaling pathway, melanoma, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and homologous recombination (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Here, we provided sufficient evidence of PLK1 overexpression in cervical cancer. The overexpression of PLK1 in cervical cancer and the contributory effect of it on clinical progression indicated the hopeful prospect of PLK1 as a biomarker for cervical cancer.
The Strategy of Sindangkerta Marine Tourism Objects Development, in Tasikmalaya, West Java
Authors: Nurhayati Atikah , Nuraini Fitri , Handaka Asep Agus , Gumilar Iwang 
Published: December 2020

This research was held in Sindangkerta Village and Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve, Sindangkerta Village, Cipatujah District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province. The implementation started in October 2019 until June 2020. The research aims to analyze the social and economic aspects of Sindangkerta Marine Tourism Object for the local neighborhood and to analyze the development strategy of the Sindangkerta marine conservation area. The research employed case study method in Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve by collecting primary and secondary data. Furthermore, the collected data processed with puposive sampling method via Microsoft Office Excel with SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. The research resulted the villagers hasn’t been implemented the current system, according to the entire villagers they hope that the Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve Area potential can be further developed in order to provide more benefits for them. The best strategy for Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve development using SWOT Analysis in Quadrant I, by applying SO or an aggressive growth strategy with a coordinate point of 0.02; 1.10 means utilizing the strength to exploit the existed opportunities.
Optimization of Value Added Products from under-Utilized Tamarind Kernel Powder
Authors: Sultana B. Farhat , Vijayalakshmi R. , Geetha P. S. , Mini M. L. 
Published: December 2020

Aim: To develop value added products from Tamarind kernel powder (TKP).
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Community Science College and Research Institute, Madurai.
Methodology: The nutritional value of TKP and the potential of TKP as a food additive were investigated. The TKP and commercial additives were experimented under the refrigerated and room temperature for their viscosity properties in order to identify the potential of TKP as a thickening agent. Standardization for the level of incorporation was done in Mango smoothie using TKP as thickening agent in the rate of T1-0.25%, T2-0.50%, T3-0.75%, T4-1.00%.
Results: The performance of TKP as thickening agent was not considerably higher. Its performance was not significantly higher on comparison with commercial thickening agents. Xanthan gum ranked high among all the additives in terms of thickening property. Among the different incorporations of tamarind kernel powder T4 performed best in terms of viscosity.
Conclusions: The results indicate that TKP have poor thickening property. To improve this property the TKP can be subjected to structural modification and isolation of polysaccharide which would yield better results. TKP as a food additive replacing conventional food additives will be a great boom to the food industry. There will be increase in anti-oxidant and phytochemical property of the resultant product.
Effect of Different Types of Soil on the Growth & Productivity of Tomato Solanum lycopersicum var. Rio Grande in Libya
Authors: Shwerif Najia , Elghammudi Abdunnapi , Abosnena Samaher , Alfaid Amna 
Published: December 2020

The growth performance of plants varies in different environments and is strongly influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. This, in turn affects the composition of the active compounds which are the product of metabolism (such as photosynthesis, respiration, etc.). Soil quality is considered to be important factor that negatively affect plant growth and productivity. Tomatoes are widely produced and consumed due to their high nutritional value and its important compounds have a role in the prevention of many diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of three different soil types (clay, sand and compost) on growth and yield parameters of tomato Solanum lycopersicum var.Rio Grande. The experiment was done on the Faculty of Science in Gharyan University (April 2017). The tomatoes were grown in pots; twelve replications were used for each group of soils. Growth parameters such as number of seedling, plant height, number of leaves and number of fruits were recorded. The results indicated that soil quality hada highly significant effect (P < 0.001) on growth parameters. Compost was the optimal soil types for growth performance and production of tomatoes, while the growth performance was reduced in clay and sand soil. By contrast, tomatoes that grew in clay soil showed the least growth performance. On the other hand, tomato plants cultivated in clay and sand soil failed in production of flowers and fruits, unlike tomatoes grown in compost. Overall, soil quality and properties have affected tomato growth performance and productivity.
Cryptosporidiosis: A Potential Anti-diarrheal Natural Product Drug Discovery Journey in Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Botchie Senyo K. , Mtewa Andrew G. , Ayi Irene 
Published: December 2020

The overwhelming resistance to current drugs and the exhaustion of drug development interventions, as well as synthetic libraries, have compelled researchers to resort to the use of novel drug candidates derived from natural products. Cryptosporidium, the causative organism of Cryptosporidiosis, is no exception. The diarrhea-causing parasite is known to be the leading cause of deaths in children below age 5 in developing countries like Ghana and second to rotavirus as the causative agent for diarrhea in newborn calves and infants.
Currently, the only FDA approved drug for the treatment of Cryptosporidiosis is Nitazoxanide. It is, therefore, needful to develop novel alternative candidates as it could aid in the decrease in child mortality and malnutrition in developing countries. Even though there have been significant limitations into anti-cryptosporidial drug development in vitro and in vivo, essential advancements are being made of which this article addresses the need for research into natural products. Some studies outlined in this paper has stated potential plant extracts showing anti-cryptosporidiosis efficacy. With the wealth of medicinal plant products and Cryptosporidium in vitro culture expertise available in our labs at Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical research we are certain of making potential significant strides in the world of natural product Cryptosporidium drug discovery in Africa.
Estudo da razão contraste-ruído em sistema de mamografia computadorizada (CR) para diferentes tensões de pico e combinações alvo/filtro.
Authors: Nogueira Luciana Batista , Silva Brunna Larissa Santana , Silva Flávia Adriana Dos Reis , Vieira Leandro De Abreu 
Published: December 2020

<p><strong>Introdução</strong>: a mamografia é o exame padrão ouro para o diagnóstico de patologias mamárias, permitindo o rastreamento e o diagnóstico precoce do câncer de mama. Em 2015, foi elaborado pela <em>European Federation of Organizations for Medical Physics</em> (EFOMP) um protocolo internacional para testes de controle de qualidade em equipamentos. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: o objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade da imagem mamográfica de um sistema de mamografia computadorizada (CR) através do teste de razão contraste ruído (CNR) e CNR relativa, com tensões, combinações alvo/filtro e espessuras diferentes. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> a metodologia seguiu o protocolo EFOMP, mamógrafo com detector de imagem CR, placas de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA). Os fatores de exposição foram de: 25, 28 e 32 kV, com seleção do mAs de acordo com espessura das placas de PMMA. As combinações alvo-filtro foram de Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh e W/Rh. <strong>Resultados:</strong> mostraram que quanto menor a tensão maior a CNR. Assim, as tensões de 25 kV a 28kV apresentaram maior qualidade em nível de contraste da imagem, indicados para mamas de menor densidade. Dessa forma, as espessuras menores das placas de PMMA geraram maior contraste na imagem, apresentado também nos resultados da CNR’s relativas. A combinação de Mo/Mo apresentou maior contraste, sendo indicado para mamas de menores densidades, apresentado também nos resulatdos da CNR’s relativas. Todos os valores de CNR’s relativa medidas mostraram-se dentro dos valores limites esperados. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> pode-se observar com este estudo que mesmo utilizando tensões e combinações alvo/filtro diferentes, a resposta da CNR foi proporcional a espessura do objeto irradiado para mamografia CR.</p>
Prevalência de morbidade hospitalar por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em Salvador (BA): dados DATASUS
Authors: Silva Jamile das Virgens , Santos Fábio Rodrigo Santana dos , Araújo Edilene Maria Queiroz 
Published: December 2020

<p><strong>Introdução:</strong> As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) são consideradas como um dos maiores problemas globais de saúde pública da atualidade. Entre elas, podem-se destacar o diabetes mellitus (DM), a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e a obesidade. As DCNT causam agravos à saúde e altas taxas de internação e óbitos, quando observadas isoladamente. Além disso, quando associadas, tendem a elevar o grau de morbidade, causando grandes prejuízos aos cofres públicos<em>. </em><strong>Objetivo: </strong>Verificar a prevalência de internações e óbitos por DM, HAS e obesidade na população de Salvador. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com base em dados do Departamento de Informação e Informática do SUS (DATASUS), sobre internações e óbitos ocorridos no período de janeiro a novembro de 2019, no município de Salvador (BA). A coleta dos dados eletrônicos foi realizada no mês de janeiro de 2020 e eles foram apresentados em forma de prevalência. <strong>Resultado:</strong> Das internações registradas em Salvador, 0,63% foram associadas a DM, 0,03% à obesidade e 0,85% a HAS como causa principal. Em relação aos óbitos, 0,80% foram associados a DM e 0,56% a HAS. Não foram registrados óbitos associados à obesidade como causa principal, nesse período. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> Houve maior prevalência de mulheres e idosos nas internações e óbitos por HAS e DM. O uso dos dados do DATASUS foi de extrema importância para a identificação do perfil de morbidade hospitalar. No entanto, a fim de garantir a consistência e a qualidade dos dados, é necessária uma padronização no modo de coleta.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>