bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of germ cell differentiation of rat testis fragments cultured in knockout serum replacement versus Albumax™ I
Authors: Nakamura Noriko , Sloper Daniel T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpermatogenesis complexity makes reliable in vitro testis model development challenging. Previously, we evaluated an in vitro mouse testis organ culture system for assessing testicular toxicity. However, rat models are commonly used for drug/chemical toxicity testing; therefore, we assessed the effects of media on germ cell differentiation in cultured rat testis fragments.MethodsTestes from postnatal day 5 Sprague–Dawley (Hsd:SD) rats were cultured in knockout serum replacement (KSR) or Albumax™ I (Albumax) medium. For testis morphology and germ cell differentiation, rat testis fragments were collected on days 20, 27, 35, 42, 49, and 63 of culture for histology/immunohistochemistry using antibodies to spermatogenesis‐specific markers. The fragments collected on days 20, 27, 42, 49, and 63 were used for qPCR.ResultsPachytene spermatocyte (PS) differentiation was observed in rat testis fragments cultured in KSR and Albumax. However, there were more seminiferous tubules (STs) with PS in rat testis fragments cultured in Albumax than in KSR. Over 60% of STs with germ cell differentiation were observed in rat testis fragments when cultured in Albumax on days 20, 27, and 35, whereas this figure showed only on day 20 when cultured in KSR.ConclusionsThis study found only PS differentiation in rat testis fragments. Compared to KSR, Albumax appears to contribute to increased PS production. This in vitro rat testis organ culture system may be useful for assessing testicular toxicity. However, PS differentiation per ST is lower in rat testis fragments; further studies are required to improve this rat testis organ culture system.
Formation of High‐Quality Heteroepitaxial β‐Ga2O3 Films by Crystal Phase Transition
Authors: Lee Hansol , Kim Soyoon , Ahn Hyungsoo , Kim Kyounghwa , Yang Min 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSn‐doped ɛ‐phase dominant Ga2O3 films (ɛ‐Ga2O3 films) are grown on c‐plane sapphire substrates using metal–organic vapor‐phase epitaxy and transformed to β‐phase films by thermal annealing. The morphological and electrical properties of the phase‐transformed β‐Ga2O3 films dependent on experimental conditions are characterized. The ɛ‐Ga2O3 film is completely transformed to the β‐phase by thermal annealing to realize a high electrical conductivity while maintaining a good surface flatness. When the ɛ‐Ga2O3 films are grown, a mixing ratio of the β‐Ga2O3 component to the ɛ‐Ga2O3 film is controlled to improve the crystalline quality of the β‐Ga2O3 films transformed from ɛ‐Ga2O3 by annealing (transformed β‐Ga2O3). Compared to an as‐grown β‐Ga2O3 film, higher‐quality heteroepitaxial β‐Ga2O3 films with better electrical conductivity and surface morphology can be obtained by the phase transition method, and these results show adequate repeatability.
Effect of controlled soil drying on the grain yield and nutritional quality of rice
Authors: Ju Chengxin , Liu Tao , Sun Chengming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractControlled soil drying can substantially enhance water use efficiency by reducing irrigation water. However, grain quality traits are yet to be studied under such an irrigation regime, particularly on nutritional quality and heavy metal residues. This study investigated these issues by using two varieties Yongyou 2640 (YY‐2) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ‐9). Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was grown in the field under controlled soil drying (SD) and continuous flooding irrigation (FI). The results showed that, compared with FI, SD increased grain yield and nutritional quality simultaneously for both NJ‐9 and YY‐2. When compared with NJ‐9, YY‐2 had greater grain and protein yield, higher concentrations of As and Cd, and higher photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate when plants were rewatered. Although the relative content of protein and essential amino acids decreased in the SD regime, the absolute content (protein yield and amino acid yield) was increased. Besides, SD improved protein components and essential amino acid score (AAS) and decreased residues of As. The results demonstrated that SD improved photosynthetic characteristics and increased grain abscisic acid levels of inferior grains during soil drying. The results suggest that the adoption of SD may exert a synergistic effect on both grain yield and grain quality.
A new approach for balancing the microbial synthesis of ethyl acetate and other volatile metabolites during aerobic bioreactor cultivations
Authors: Löser Christian , Kupsch Christian , Walther Thomas , Hoffmann Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEthyl acetate is an organic solvent with many industrial applications, currently produced by energy‐intensive chemical processes based on fossil carbon resources. Ethyl acetate can be synthesized from renewable sugars by yeasts like Kluyveromyces marxianus in aerobic processes. However, ethyl acetate is highly volatile and thus stripped from aerated cultivation systems which complicate the quantification of the produced ester. Synthesis of volatile metabolites is commonly monitored by repeated analysis of metabolite concentrations in both the gas and liquid phase. In this study, a model‐based method for quantifying the synthesis and degradation of volatile metabolites was developed. This quantification of volatiles is solely based on repeatedly measured gas‐phase concentrations and allows calculation of reaction rates and yields in high temporal resolution. Parameters required for these calculations were determined in abiotic stripping tests. The developed method was validated for ethyl acetate, ethanol and acetaldehyde which were synthesized by K. marxianus DSM 5422 during an iron‐limited batch cultivation; it was shown that the presented method is more precise and less time‐consuming than the conventional method. The biomass‐specific synthesis rate and the yield of ethyl acetate varied over time and exhibited distinct momentary maxima of 0.50 g g‒1h‒1 and 0.38 g g‒1 at moderate iron limitation.
Highly Efficient InGaN Nanorods Photoelectrode by Constructing Z‐scheme Charge Transfer System for Unbiased Water Splitting
Authors: Lin Jing , Zhang Zhijie , Chai Jixing , Cao Ben , Deng Xi , Wang Wenliang , Liu Xingjiang , Li Guoqiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnbiased photoelectrochemical water splitting for the promising InGaN nanorods photoelectrode is highly desirable, but it is practically hindered by the serious recombination of charge carrier in bulk and surface of InGaN nanorods. Herein, an unbiased Z‐scheme InGaN nanorods/Cu2O nanoparticles heterostructured system with boosted interfacial charge transfer is constructed for the first time. The introduced Cu2O nanoparticles pose double‐sided effect on photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of InGaN nanorods, which enables a robust hybrid structure and induces weakened light absorption capability simultaneously. As a result, the optimized InGaN/Cu2O‐1.5C photoelectrode with the uniform morphology exhibits an enhanced photocurrent density of ≈170 µA cm−2 at 0 V versus Pt, with 8.5‐fold enhancement compared with pure InGaN nanorods. Comprehensive investigations into experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the electrons accumulation and holes depletion of Cu2O facilitate to form a typical Z‐scheme band alignment, thus providing a large photovoltage to drive unbiased water splitting and enhancing the stability of Cu2O. This work provides a novel and facile strategy to achieve InGaN nanorods and other catalyst‐based PEC water splitting without external bias, and to relieve the bottlenecks of charge transfer dynamics at the electrode bulk and electrode/electrolyte interface by constructing Z‐scheme heterostructure.
A Longitudinal Test of Relational Turbulence Theory
Authors: Stein James B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Relational turbulence theory (RTT) proposes causal relationships across cognitive, emotional and communicative variables. Although many tenets of this theory have been tested individually, there has not yet been a comprehensive, predictive examination of RTT. Using structural equation modelling, this study longitudinally tested several propositions and axioms of RTT. Results are largely in line with many of RTT's predictions. Time 1 relational uncertainty predicted time 2 biased cognitions. Time 1 facilitation from a partner predicted time 2 negative emotions. Negative emotions cross-sectionally related to both the enactment and valence of relational communication episodes. Relational turbulence theory's proposed feedback loop received partial support, such that time 1 communication valence (but not engagement) predicted time 2 partner uncertainty, relationship uncertainty and partner facilitation. Results are discussed in terms of theory expansion and refinement.
Individual differences in bilingual word recognition: The role of experiential factors and word frequency in cross-language lexical priming
Authors: Chaouch-Orozco Adel , González Alonso Jorge , Rothman Jason 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn studies of bilingual word recognition with masked priming, first language (L1) primes activate their second language (L2) translation equivalents in lexical decision tasks, but effects in the opposite direction are weaker (Wen & van Heuven, 2017). This study seeks to clarify the relative weight of stimulus-level (frequency) and individual-level (L2 proficiency, L2 exposure/use) factors in the emergence of asymmetrical priming effects. We offer the first data set where L2 proficiency and L1/L2 exposure/use are simultaneously investigated as continuous variables, along with word frequency. While we replicate the asymmetry in priming effects, our data provide useful insights into the factors driving L2–L1 priming. These fall almost exclusively under the category of stimulus-level factors, with L2 exposure/use being the only experiential variable to show considerable influence, although complex interactions involving L2 proficiency and word frequency are also present. We discuss the implications of these results for models of bilingual lexical processing and for the appropriate measurement of experiential factors in this type of research.
Myokarditis und COVID-19: Wo stehen wir?
Authors: Jakstaite Aiste Monika , Papathanasiou Maria , Lüdike Peter 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungRasch zunehmende Evidenz und gehäufte Berichte zeigen, dass COVID-19 keine isolierte Erkrankung der Lunge ist, sondern eine Multisystemerkrankung mit wesentlicher Beteiligung des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems. Mittlerweile konnte gezeigt werden, dass bis zu 30% der COVID-19-Krankheitsverläufe mit einer Troponinerhöhung im Sinne einer Myocardial Injury assoziiert sind. Je schwerer der Krankheitsverlauf ist, desto häufiger scheint eine Herzbeteiligung zu sein. Darüber hinaus gibt es Hinweise, dass eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion nicht nur zu akuten kardialen Komplikationen, sondern auch langfristig zu Schädigungen des Herzmuskels führen kann. Der komplexe Pathomechanismus der viralen Myokardschädigung ist in Gänze noch nicht verstanden und Gegenstand aktueller Forschung. Die Herzmuskelschädigung durch eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion kann durch direkte Interaktion des Virus mit spezifischen Rezeptoren der Kardiomyozyten erfolgen oder indirekt als Folge der systemischen Entzündung mit
begleitender Endothelitis.
Vocative melodies in Spanish and English
Authors: Robles-Puente Sergio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to describe the melodic contours used in Spanish and English calling vocatives in order to identify
cross-linguistic similarities and differences. Additionally, it also explores how the sociopragmatic factor of formality may
condition contour choices in both languages. 18 speakers of Spanish and 18 speakers of English produced a total of 432 one-word
vocatives in formal and informal situations. The analyses of the F0 contours revealed that, although Spanish and English share
multiple melodies in this speech act (e.g. L+H* L%, L* H% and L+H* !H%), some tones are language-specific (e.g. L+H* HL% for
Spanish). In addition, a General Linear Mixed Model confirmed that these contours are not equally attested in all contexts and
that the formality of the situation can condition their use.
Liability In Solidum in the Law of International Responsibility: A Comment on Guiding Principle 7
Authors: Murray Odette 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility in International Law seek to address an issue hitherto unresolved in the law of international responsibility: if two or more states or organizations together cause a single harm to a victim, what are the consequences for suit and reparation? Commentators generally counsel against the use of domestic concepts such as ‘solidary liability’ or ‘joint and several liability’ in international law. This comment highlights the role of domestic analogies in the formulation of the Guiding Principles, focusing on two elements: the application of liability in solidum as the key consequence of multiple responsibility (Principle 10), and ‘concerted action’ (Principle 7) as a condition for multiple responsibility. Both of these concepts can be found in many domestic legal systems, but the Principles place differential weight on domestic analogies in the elaboration of Principles 10 and 7: Principle 10 draws useful analogies with the rationale behind liability in solidum in domestic law, while Principle 7 on concerted action does not rely on related domestic concepts. That is likely for good reason. However, responsibility based on concerted action is a novel basis for responsibility in international law, and therefore its justification is all the more important. The justification provided for Principle 7 is not fully convincing, and its scope of application is uncertain. I query whether the exploration of cognate concepts in domestic legal systems may have helped to justify the rationale for, or the scope of, responsibility based on concerted action.
Problem statement on the vessel braking within ice channel
Authors: Goncharov Vadim K , Klementieva Natalia Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sailing within the ice channel that assisting icebreaker tracks is usual for difficult ice conditions in the Northern freezing seas and the Arctic region. There is the danger of emergency, namely, the collision with an icebreaker or the ahead vessel, when ones stop before insuperable ice obstacle or because the engine trouble. The paper contents analysis of the vessel braking process and formulation of the equation that gives possibility modelling this process and evaluating the distance that is necessary for safe stopping of vessel in dependence on its characteristics and ice conditions. Outcomes of investigation will be applicable for the caravan of cargo vessels forming while the icebreaker assistance.
Defining Common Features in High Impact and Highly Cited Journal Articles on Pancreatic Tumors
Authors: Sugumar Kavin , Hue Jonathan J. , Ahorukomeye Peter , Rothermel Luke D. , Ocuin Lee M. , Hardacre Jeffrey M. , Ammori John B. , Winter Jordan M. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Surgical researchers seek to publish their findings in esteemed surgical journals to advance science and their careers. A detailed investigation of study and manuscript attributes in a specific research area, like pancreatic neoplasia, may yield informative insights for researchers looking to maximize research impact.

Objectives:
We analyzed publications related to pancreatic surgery primarily focused on pancreatic and periampullary tumors to identify elements associated with acceptance into high impact journals and a high likelihood of future citations.

Methods:
A comprehensive review of nine surgical journals was performed between 2010 and 2019. Journals were grouped based on impact factor into high (>3), medium (1–3), and low (<1) impact categories. Each publication was annotated to identify study topic, methodology, and statistical approach. Findings were compared according to journal impact and number of citations to identify predictors of success across these 2 domains.

Results:
A total of 1044 out of 21,536 (4.8%) articles published in the index journals were related to pancreatic tumors. The most common focus of study was perioperative outcomes and complications (46.7%). There was significantly more number of authors, participating institutions, countries, and randomized clinical trials in higher impact journals as well as high-cited articles (P < 0.05). Although advanced statistical analysis was used more commonly in high-impact journals (P < 0.05), it did not translate to higher citations (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Pancreatic neoplasia continues to be extensively studied in surgical literature. Specific elements of study methodology and design were identified as potentially key attributes to acceptance in high impact journals and citation success.
Strategic vehicle fleet management–a joint solution of make-or-buy, composition and replacement problems
Authors: Redmer Adam 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop an original model and a solution procedure for solving jointly three main strategic fleet management problems (fleet composition, replacement and make-or-buy), taking into account interdependencies between them.Design/methodology/approachThe three main strategic fleet management problems were analyzed in detail to identify interdependencies between them, mathematically modeled in terms of integer nonlinear programing (INLP) and solved using evolutionary based method of a solver compatible with a spreadsheet.FindingsThere are no optimization methods combining the analyzed problems, but it is possible to mathematically model them jointly and solve together using a solver compatible with a spreadsheet obtaining a solution/fleet management strategy answering the questions: Keep currently exploited vehicles in a fleet or remove them? If keep, how often to replace them? If remove then when? How many perspective/new vehicles, of what types, brand new or used ones and when should be put into a fleet? The relatively large scale instance of problem (50 vehicles) was solved based on a real-life data. The obtained results occurred to be better/cheaper by 10% than the two reference solutions – random and do-nothing ones.Originality/valueThe methodology of developing optimal fleet management strategy by solving jointly three main strategic fleet management problems is proposed allowing for the reduction of the fleet exploitation costs by adjusting fleet size, types of exploited vehicles and their exploitation periods.
Alcohol Consumption, Cardiovascular‐Related Conditions, and ALDH2*2 Ethnic Group Prevalence in Asian Americans
Authors: Cook Won Kim , Tam Christina C. , Luczak Susan E. , Kerr William C. , Mulia Nina , Lui Camillia , Li Libo 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundLittle is known about the relationships between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related chronic conditions in Asian Americans and how such risk relationships vary among their subgroups. We examine these relationships in Asian Americans and their moderation by ethnic prevalence of a variant the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene: ALDH2*2.MethodsMultiple logistic regression modeling was performed using a nationally representative sample of Asian‐American adults aged 30 to 70 (n = 1,720) from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 2 (2004 to 2005) and 3 (2012 to 2013). Outcomes considered were diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, CVD, any of the 3 conditions (i.e., diabetes, high cholesterol, and CVD) documented to have a J‐shaped relationship with drinking (CVDRC3), and any of the CVD‐related conditions (ANYCVD). Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health insurance coverage, and other lifestyle risk factors (smoking and obesity/overweight) were adjusted. Analyses were stratified by gender.ResultsAlcohol consumption level was positively associated only with hypertension in Asian males, with consuming 7 to 14 drinks per week associated with more than double the risk of lifetime abstinence. For females, alcohol consumption had a dose–response relationship with high cholesterol and CVDRC3. Membership in the higher ALDH2*2 ethnic group overall was associated with lower risk of CVD‐related conditions. However, compared to abstainers in lower ALDH2*2 group, females in the higher ALDH2*2 group who consumed more than 7 drinks per week had a higher risk of diabetes, hypertension, CVDRC3, and ANYCVD.ConclusionsAsian Americans may have increased risk of CVD‐related conditions at relatively low alcohol consumption levels. Among Asian‐American females, in particular, any amount of drinking may increase risk for high cholesterol or any of the CVD‐related conditions previously documented to have a curvilinear relationship with drinking. These risks may be particularly elevated for those in ethnic groups with a high prevalence of ALDH2*2.
Dynamics ofmiRNAmediated regulation of legume symbiosis
Authors: Tiwari Manish , Pandey Vimal , Singh Baljinder , Bhatia Sabhyata 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSymbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume nodules is important in soils with low nitrogen availability. The initiation and sustainability of symbiosis require cellular reprogramming that involves the miRNA‐mediated inhibition or activation of specific nodulation genes. The high‐throughput sequencing of small RNA libraries has identified miRNAs and their targets, which are the major players in the post‐transcriptional gene regulation (PTGS) of the different stages of legume–rhizobia symbiosis ranging from bacterial colonization and organogenesis to symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Here, we present an overview of information obtained from the miRNA libraries from nodulating tissues that have been sequenced to date. The functional analysis of miRNAs has revealed roles in phytohormone homeostasis and spatio‐temporal regulation, as well as the mobility of miRNAs and their functions in shoot to root signalling that affects diverse functions, including bacterial entry, meristem division and differentiation, nitrogen fixation and senescence. Furthermore, small RNA fragments of rhizobial origin repress complementary plant mRNAs. We also consider the roles of miRNAs in determinate or indeterminate nodules. Taken together, this overview confirms that miRNAs are master regulators of the legume–rhizobia symbiosis.
A case of cyclic hemoperitoneum in a hemodialysis patient: Encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis complicated by endometriosis and fungal peritonitis
Authors: Yılmaz Fatih , Bora Feyza , Çetinkaya Ramazan , Gelen Mustafa Tekinalp , Süleymanlar Gültekin , Ersoy Fevzi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEncapsulated peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare, but frequently fatal, long‐term complication of peritoneal dialysis. Endometriosis is a common gynecological problem but hemoperitoneum due to endometriosis has been reported to be extremely rare in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A 25‐year‐old female HD patient was admitted to our clinic with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and weight loss for last 3 months. Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata were isolated in the fungal cultures from peritoneal fluid. Her abdominal computerized tomography scan has shown irregular peritoneal calcifications, diffuse peritoneal thickening, dilatation of the small bowel loops, and cocoon formation which all were typical for EPS. Hemoperitoneum was reported to recur for four times with intervals suggesting menstrual cycles. Her peritoneal biopsy, along with the signs of EPS, has also revealed the presence of endometriosis. The patient died with symptoms of septic shock in the first year of EPS diagnosis.