bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Aerosol Size and Microphysical Properties from Multi-Wavelength Raman Lidar Measurements: Inter-Comparison with in Situ Sensors Onboard the ATR 42 in the Framework of HyMEX-SOP1
Authors: De Rosa Benedetto , Di Girolamo Paolo , Summa Donato , Stellitano Dario 
Published: July 2020

This extended abstract reports measurements that were carried out by the Raman lidar system BASIL in the frame of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment – Special Observation Period 1 (HyMeX-SOP1). A specific case study was selected revealing the presence of variable aerosol properties at different altitudes. Specifically, Raman lidar measurements on 02 October 2012 reveal the presence of two distinct aerosol layers, a lower one extending up to ~3 km and an upper one extending from 3.5 km to 4.7 km. Aerosol and size microphysical properties are determined from multi-wavelength measurements of particle backscattering and extinction profiles based on the application of a retrieval scheme which employs Tikhonov’s inversion with regularization. Inversion results suggest a size distribution with the presence, in both the lower and upper aerosol layer, of two particle modes (a fine mode, with a radius of ~0.2 μm, and a coarse mode, with radii in the range 2-4 μm), volume concentration values of 2-4 mm3cm-3 and effective radii in the range 0.2-0.6 μm.
This effort benefited from the dedicated flights of the French research aircraft ATR42, equipped with a variety of in situ sensors for measuring aerosol/cloud size and microphysical properties. Aerosol size and microphysical properties retrieved from multi-wavelength Raman lidar measurements were compared with simultaneous and co-located in-situ measurements.
Characterization of Complex Water Vapour Field Structures and their Genesis Based on the Combined use of Raman Lidar Measurements and MESO-NH Model Simulations
Authors: Di Girolamo Paolo , Bouin Marie-Noelle 
Published: July 2020

As part of the Cevennes-Vivarais site, the University of Basilicata Raman lidar system (BASIL) was deployed in Candillargues throughout the duration of HyMeX-SOP 1 (September-November 2012), providing high-resolution and accurate measurements, both in daytime and night-time, of atmospheric temperature, water vapour mixing ratio and particle backscattering and extinction coefficient at three wavelengths. Measurements carried out by BASIL on 28 September 2012 reveal a quite complex vertical structure of the water vapor field. Reported Raman lidar measurements were run in the time interval between two consecutive heavy precipitation events, from 15:30 UTC on 28 September to 03:30 UTC on 29 September 2012. Throughout most of this observation period, lidar measurements reveal the presence of four distinct humidity layers.
The present research effort aims at assessing the origin of the different humidity filaments observed by BASIL on this day. The analysis relies on the comparisons between Raman lidar MESO-NH model simulations. Back-trajectory analyses from the model reveal that air masses ending in Candillargues at different altitudes levels are coming from different geographical regions. Specifically, the analysis reveals that air masses within the surface humidity layer were originated over the Atlantic Ocean, while air masses within the elevated filamentary humidity layer, also coming from the Atlantic Ocean, overpassed the sea stretch North of Spain and Southern France at an altitude of ~1 km. In addition, air masses within the lower of the two upper layers are found to overpass Southern Spain and Marocco, descending from an elevation of 2-3.5 km, while air masses within the uppermost layer are found to overpass Algeria, descending from an elevation of 3.5-5 km.
Advances in Lidar Observations for Airborne Hazards for Aviation in the Framework of the EUNADICS-AV Project
Authors: Apituley Arnoud , Mona Lucia , Papagiannopoulos Nikolas , Rufenacht Rolf , Wagenaar Saskia , Stammes Piet , de Laat Jos , de Cerff Wim Som , de Haij Marijn , Marchese Francesco , Falconieri Alfredo , Haefele Alexander , Hervo Maxime 
Published: July 2020

The vulnerability of the (European) aviation system to the airborne hazards was evident during the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic eruption in 2010. For support of Air Traffic Control (ATC) many observations of the event were available from satellites, ground based instruments and airborne platforms, at pan-European scale. However, efficient use of the data for ATC proved difficult mainly due to sub-optimal aggregation and integrated assessment of the available information in near-real-time.
The project EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Disaster Coordination and Information System for Aviation) aims to close this gap. The observational component of the project will make existing data products for airborne hazards more accessible, visible and used, and to foster tailored product development. Once assimilated into models and integrated in the EUNADICS-AV Data Portal these data can be the base to efficiently improve European airspace resilience to airborne hazards.
Since 2010 new data products have become available specifically for for airborne hazard alerting and monitoring together with specific tailored products designed for replying to user needs and recommendations.
This paper describes the EUNADICS-AV approach and will focus on the role of operational and research grade ground based lidars.
Die Bedeutung medizinpsychologischer/soziologischer Themen
für ÄrztInnen und Medizinstudierende: Gemeinsamkeiten und
Unterschiede
Authors: Mahal Julia , Amann Jeanette Sophie , Wischmann Tewes , Ditzen Beate 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das Fach „Medizinische
Psychologie/Soziologie“ steht durch die aktuell anstehenden
Studienreformen im Rahmen des „Masterplans Medizinstudium
2020“ verschiedenen inhaltlichen Änderungen
gegenüber. Diese beinhalten u. a. eine Weiterentwicklung des
Gegenstandskatalogs (GK) und des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten
Lernzielkatalogs Medizin (NKLM) sowie der Ärztlichen
Approbationsordnung (ÄAppro). Hier stellt sich die Frage, welche
Ausbildungsinhalte der „Medizinische
Psychologie/Soziologie“, mit denen Medizinstudierende
konfrontiert sind, von besonderer Bedeutung für die spätere
ärztliche Tätigkeit sind.
Methodik 332 ÄrztInnen und 265 Studierende bewerteten im
Rahmen der Studie Lehrinhalte des Gegenstandskatalogs der Medizinischen
Psychologie/ Soziologie (GK-MPS) nach ihrer Bedeutung für
ihr Studium bzw. ihr Berufsleben. Die ÄrztInnen gaben zudem in
Freitextangaben an, auf welche Situationen im Berufsalltag sie durch das
Studium gerne besser vorbereitet worden wären. In einem kombiniert
quantitativ-qualitativen Analyseansatz wurden Unterschiede zwischen beiden
Gruppen durch t-Tests für unabhängige Stichproben bei
ungleichen Varianzen (Welch-Test) identifiziert sowie Freitextangaben durch
3 Rater im Rahmen einer qualitativ orientierten kategoriengeleiteten
Textanalyse den verschiedenen Themen des GK-MPS zugeordnet und inhaltlich
ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Sowohl ÄrztInnen als auch Studierende
schätzten jene Themenbereiche des GK-MPS als am wichtigsten ein, die
die unmittelbare Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation beschreiben. Die
ÄrztInnen maßen den Themenbereichen der
Arzt-Patient-Kommunikation, Statistik sowie Prävention eine
höhere Wichtigkeit bei als die Studierenden. Die ÄrztInnen
beschrieben im Freitext, dass sie durch das Studium gerne besser auf
besondere und herausfordernde medizinische Situationen in der
Arzt-Patienten-Interaktion vorbereitet worden wären.
Diskussion Nach wie vor werden den Themen der
Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation bei ÄrztInnen als auch Studierenden
eine besondere Bedeutung für die medizinische Ausbildung
beigemessen, jedoch schätzen ÄrztInnen diese Wichtigkeit
noch einmal als höher ein als Studierende.
Schlussfolgerung Die Studienergebnisse unterstützen die
aktuellen Studienreformen hin zu einer stärkeren Gewichtung der
Arzt-Patienten-Kommunikation und Vermittlung wissenschaftlicher Grundlagen
sowie die Verknüpfung vorklinischer und klinischer
Studieninhalte.
Dual Inhibitors Targeting DNA and Histone Deacetylases
Authors: Chen Chen , Yang Xinying , Hou Xuben , Fang Hao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate the acetylation status of histones and structural status of chromatin. The chromatin structure becomes relaxed after inhibition of HDAC, leading to DNA exposed to DNA disrupting agents, and eventually causing DNA dysfunction. Recently, more and more dual inhibitors targeting DNA and HDACs have been reported to be applied to cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the current status of dual inhibitors targeting DNA and HDACs, summarize their pharmacological characters, and predict their further trend in the field.
Gender Gaps in Market Participation Among Individual and Joint Decision-Making Farm Households: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gebre Girma Gezimu , Isoda Hiroshi , Rahut Dil Bahadur , Amekawa Yuichiro , Nomura Hisako 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes market participation gaps among male, female, and joint decision-making households, and the factors influencing that gap, using data collected from 560 maize farm households in the Dawuro zone, southern Ethiopia. The results from the ordered probit analysis reveal that female and joint decision-making households were negatively associated with the probability of being a net seller, while being positively associated with being autarchic and net buyers. The decomposition results indicate clear market participation gaps in the net seller and net buyer positions between male and female decision-makers. The mean quantity gaps between males and females are more apparent in the net seller and net buyer positions. Between male and joint decision-makers, the mean quantity gaps are significant in the net seller and autarchic positions, while between female and joint decision-makers, it is significant in the net seller positions. In each market position, the quantity of gaps is unevenly distributed across the quantities of distribution, but the values increase as we approach higher levels of distribution. The gaps in the net seller and autarchic positions indicate that males are better positioned than females and that females are better positioned than joint decision-makers. Both endowment and return effects account for the quantity gaps. Thus, there is a need for policies to secure more equal access to productive resources for female and joint decision-making households and build their capacity to increase their resource returns.
A plant DNA virus replicates in the salivary glands of its insect vector via recruitment of host DNA synthesis machinery
Authors: He Ya-Zhou , Wang Yu-Meng , Yin Tian-Yan , Fiallo-Olivé Elvira , Liu Yin-Quan , Hanley-Bowdoin Linda , Wang Xiao-Wei 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Viruses pose a great threat to animal and plant health worldwide. Whereas most plant viruses only replicate in plant hosts, some also replicate in their animal (insect) vector. A detailed knowledge of host expansion will give a better understanding of virus evolution, and identification of virus and host components involved in this process can lead to new strategies to combat virus spread. Here, we reveal that a plant DNA virus has evolved to induce and recruit insect DNA synthesis machinery to support its replication in vector salivary glands. Our study sheds light on the understanding of TYLCV–whitefly interactions and provides insights into how a plant virus may evolve to infect and replicate in an insect vector.
A molecular mechanism for probabilistic bet hedging and its role in viral latency
Authors: Chaturvedi Sonali , Klein Jonathan , Vardi Noam , Bolovan-Fritts Cynthia , Wolf Marie , Du Kelvin , Mlera Luwanika , Calvert Meredith , Moorman Nathaniel J. , Goodrum Felicia , Huang Bo , Weinberger Leor S. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Probabilistic bet hedging is a generalized diversification strategy to maximize fitness in unpredictable environments and has been proposed as an evolutionary basis for herpesvirus latency. However, the molecular mechanisms enabling probabilistic bet hedging have remained elusive. Here, we find that the human herpesvirus cytomegalovirus—a major cause of birth defects and transplant failures—utilizes stochastic variability in the abundance of a protein packaged into individual viral particles to enable probabilistic bet hedging between alternate viral states.
Bayesian inference of reassortment networks reveals fitness benefits of reassortment in human influenza viruses
Authors: Müller Nicola F. , Stolz Ugnė , Dudas Gytis , Stadler Tanja , Vaughan Timothy G. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceGenetic recombination processes, such as reassortment, make it complex or impossible to use standard phylogenetic and phylodynamic methods. This is due to the fact that the shared evolutionary history of individuals has to be represented by a phylogenetic network instead of a tree. We therefore require novel approaches that allow us to coherently model these processes and that allow us to perform inference in the presence of such processes. Here, we introduce an approach to infer reassortment networks of segmented viruses using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach. Our approach allows us to study different aspects of the reassortment process and allows us to show fitness benefits of reassortment events in seasonal human influenza viruses.
Dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by Parkinson's disease-linked G2019S LRRK2 is dependent on kinase and GTPase activity
Authors: Nguyen An Phu Tran , Tsika Elpida , Kelly Kaela , Levine Nathan , Chen Xi , West Andrew B. , Boularand Sylviane , Barneoud Pascal , Moore Darren J. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Parkinson’s disease (PD)-linked familial mutations in LRRK2 impact its enzymatic activity by commonly increasing kinase activity, either directly within the kinase domain or indirectly via the GTPase domain by impairing GTP hydrolysis. Familial LRRK2 mutations also commonly promote neuronal toxicity in cultured cells, and for the common G2019S mutation, these effects are kinase dependent. The mechanisms underlying familial LRRK2 mutations in animal models are uncertain, due to the general lack of robust phenotypes. Our study demonstrates important roles for kinase and GTPase activities in mediating the neurodegenerative effects of G2019S LRRK2 in rodents, highlighting both as promising therapeutic targets for PD.
Adiponectin and related C1q/TNF-related proteins bind selectively to anionic phospholipids and sphingolipids
Authors: Ye Jessica J. , Bian Xin , Lim Jaechul , Medzhitov Ruslan 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Adiponectin, a member of the CTRP family of secreted proteins produced by adipose tissue, is thought to function as an endocrine hormone. An unusual feature of adiponectin is that it is present in high concentrations in circulation and thus may have noncanonical endocrine functions. Here we show that adiponectin as well as several other CTRPs and C1q family proteins bind anionic phospholipids, suggesting that their mode of action is opsonization of cells with specific plasma membrane phospholipid compositions. These findings suggest a new perspective on CTRP family function.
Impaired estrogen signaling underlies regulatory T cell loss-of-function in the chronically inflamed intestine
Authors: Goodman Wendy A. , Bedoyan Sarah M. , Havran Hannah L. , Richardson Brian , Cameron Mark J. , Pizarro Theresa T. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceThis study identifies a mechanism by which 17β estradiol (estrogen) contributes to peripheral tolerance via modulation of regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and function. Our results show that estrogen signaling through the nuclear receptor ERβ is required for TGF-β–dependent differentiation of Tregs, a critical pathway for peripheral Treg differentiation in the gut. Female patients with Crohn’s disease express significantly lower levels of ERβ in peripheral T cells and the intestinal mucosae. Tregs deficient in ERβ express aberrant levels ofTsc22d3(GILZ), a protein not normally expressed in Tregs and that interferes with functional Treg suppression. Our findings support a pathway by which ERβ-specific signaling normally functions to limit GILZ expression in Tregs, thus maintaining peripheral tolerance in the gut.
Six hundred years of South American tree rings reveal an increase in severe hydroclimatic events since mid-20th century
Authors: Morales Mariano S. , Cook Edward R. , Barichivich Jonathan , Christie Duncan A. , Villalba Ricardo , LeQuesne Carlos , Srur Ana M. , Ferrero M. Eugenia , González-Reyes Álvaro , Couvreux Fleur , Matskovsky Vladimir , Aravena Juan C. , Lara Antonio , Mundo Ignacio A. , Rojas Facundo , Prieto María R. , Smerdon Jason E. , Bianchi Lucas O. , Masiokas Mariano H. , Urrutia-Jalabert Rocio , Rodriguez-Catón Milagros , Muñoz Ariel A. , Rojas-Badilla Moises , Alvarez Claudio , Lopez Lidio , Luckman Brian H. , Lister David , Harris Ian , Jones Philip D. , Williams A. Park , Velazquez Gonzalo , Aliste Diego , Aguilera-Betti Isabella , Marcotti Eugenia , Flores Felipe , Muñoz Tomás , Cuq Emilio , Boninsegna José A. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceThe SADA is an annually-resolved hydroclimate atlas in South America that spans the continent south of 12°S from 1400 to 2000 CE. Based on 286 tree ring records and instrumentally-based estimates of soil moisture, the SADA complements six drought atlases worldwide filling a geographical gap in the Southern Hemisphere. Independently validated with historical records, SADA shows that the frequency of widespread severe droughts and extreme pluvials since the 1960s is unprecedented. Major hydroclimate events expressed in the SADA are associated with strong El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) anomalies. Coupled ENSO-SAM anomalies together with subtropical low-level jet intensification due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions may cause more extreme droughts and pluvials in South America during the 21st century.
Vision perceptually restores auditory spectral dynamics in speech
Authors: Plass John , Brang David , Suzuki Satoru , Grabowecky Marcia 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceMultisensory signals can facilitate perception by clarifying unreliable unisensory signals. These multisensory interactions are particularly apparent in audiovisual speech perception, in which visual speech substantially enhances auditory speech processes, remediating perceptual deficits produced by noisy environments, hearing disorders, or age-related hearing loss. However, the audiovisual cues and integration mechanisms responsible for these effects remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the changing frequencies of oral resonances—which are used to discriminate between speech sounds—can be predicted from mouth shapes during speech, and that listeners exploit this relationship to extract acoustic information from visual speech. These results suggest that the perceptual system uses natural correlations between midlevel visual (oral deformations) and auditory speech features (frequency modulations) to facilitate speech perception.
The visual organization of handwriting
Authors: Cadena Renata , Coutinho Solange 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on a comparison between the writing of Brazilian teachers and students, especially the visual organization of handwriting during the third year of primary school. Data was collected from observing eight different classes for 10 school days each. The analytical corpus was mainly composed of handwritten activities and graphical variations to the writing called textual graphic tools, which were classified within a framework based on the fields of graphic and rhetoric communication. The results compared the teacher and student graphical solutions for informational tasks, and while students reproduced the teachers’ visual strategies, especially the manipulation of space, they also possessed their own practices, where they displayed several creative means to sequence listed items.
Information, typography and persuasion in Brazilian late 19th and early 20th century ephemera
Authors: Pereira Fabio Mariano Cruz , Farias Priscila Lena 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper aims at a better understanding of the informational structure of late 19th and early 20th century ephemera through an analysis of recurrent informative and persuasive elements in a set of printed artifacts produced in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The research methods adopted involved gathering, describing and comparing verbal and visual information found in those artifacts. Recurrent graphic elements, employed not only for providing information but also for characterizing and differentiating competing companies were found, suggesting that Brazilian printers were making use of graphic elements to promote their services and visually communicate the identity of their businesses.
The presence of odd-chain fatty acids inDrosophilaphospholipids
Authors: Sato Ayaka , Ohhara Yuya , Miura Shinji , Yamakawa-Kobayashi Kimiko 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost fatty acids in phospholipids and other lipid species carry an even number of carbon atoms. Also odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs), such as C15:0 and C17:0, are widespread throughout the living organism. However, the qualitative and quantitative profiles of OCFAs-containing lipids in living organisms remain unclear. Here, we show that OCFAs are present in Drosophila phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and that their level increases in accordance with progression of growth. Furthermore, we found that food-derived propionic acid/propanoic acid (C3:0) is utilized for production of OCFA-containing PC and PE. This study provides the basis for understanding in vivo function of OCFA-containing phospholipids in development and lipid homeostasis.
ATLAS searches for di-Higgs production at 13 TeV and prospects for HL-LHC
Authors: Sano Y 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The latest results on production of Higgs boson pairs at 13 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at LHC are reported, including a combination of six different decay modes. Results include

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