bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPV genotype is a prognosticator for recurrence of respiratory papillomatosis in children
Authors: Nogueira Rodrigo L. , Küpper Daniel S. , do Bonfim Caroline M. , Aragon Davi C. , Damico Thiago A. , Miura Carolina S. , Passos Ivna M. , Nogueira Maurício L. , Rahal Paula , Valera Fabiana C. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the prognosis according to age, genotype or human papillomavirus (HPV) variant in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).DesignNon‐concurrent cohort.ParticipantsForty one patients with RRP.SettingTertiary referral hospital.Main Outcome MeasuresDisease severity was defined by the number of surgeries performed, and Derkay score at surgeries, obtained from medical records. HPV was detected and genotyped, and HPV‐6 variants were also assessed.ResultsFifteen (36.58%) individuals belonged to the juvenile RRP group (JoRRP, less than 18 years), while 26 patients (63.41%) were allocated at the adult group (AoRRP, equal or more than 18 years). JoRRP patients needed, in average, a higher number of surgeries to control the disease than AoRRP patients (mean difference: 3.36). Also, JoRRP patients showed a higher Derkay score at each surgery (mean difference: 3.76). There was no significant difference in the number of surgeries when we compared patients infected with HPV‐6 or HPV‐11, neither in accordance to HPV‐6 variants. Patients with HPV‐11 presented a higher mean Derkay score at surgery than those with HPV‐6 (mean difference: 4.39); when co‐variated by age, we observed that this difference occurred only among JoRRP patients (mean difference: 6.15).ConclusionsAge of onset of RRP has an important impact on number of surgeries to control disease. Patients with JoRRP and HPV‐11 tend to present worse Derkay score at each surgery. HPV genotype among adults and HPV‐6 variants had no impact on the outcome of the disease.
An improved vertical fragmentation, allocation and replication for enhancing e‐learning in distributed database environment
Authors: Sathishkumar P. , Gunasekaran M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractE‐learning is the indispensable technique to educate huge number of people and students in short period of time with optimized usage of different kind of required resources. It is employed as a crucial teaching approach by almost all kind of educational institutions all around the world. Since e‐learning involves significant amount of resource utilization and cost, it requires some essential methodology to enhance the current system of e‐learning more efficient. The mere publication of the educational content in websites is not enough. It is very clear that, without applying suitable strategic models and concepts and establishing appropriate communication channels between contributors of e‐learning system, the educational goals cannot be achieved as we desired. Distributed database involves greater contribution in the field of cloud based e‐learning process. Basically, data replication is crucial decision of companies as database distribution can be achieved effectively by the method of database replication which generates the same copies of information called replicas. In this article, we analyze the supremacy of synergetic learning and concentrates on data replication's significance in cloud based learning system. Here we propose an excellent mechanism for data replication and enhancing the performance in terms optimized access and update of data by the determination of exact location of data through dynamic programming. The efficiency of proposed mechanism is clearly illustrated by experimental results.
[art]ifact: Where History Meets Art, A Case Study in Shared Authority
Authors: Beaujot Ariel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article is a case study of the concept of shared authority based on an exhibit titled “[art]ifact: where history meets art.” Opportunities to explore in‐depth forms of shared authority begin with the partnership of three institutions – a university, a historical society and an art gallery – and their varied moments and levels of involvement with the exhibit. A deep sharing of historical authority was also present between those interpreting exhibit objects – historians and artists. And finally, lighter, but nonetheless significant, forms of shared authority took place between K‐12 students and curators, and between the audience members and curators. The article ends with a discussion of lessons learned and common pitfalls for those interested in creating a co‐curated co‐produced exhibit involving undergraduate students and multiple community partners.
Development and evaluation of an interprofessional teaching concept for modern wound management
Authors: Bergendahl Lukas , Werner Felix , Schmidt Anita , Ronicke Moritz , Renner Regina , Erfurt‐Berge Cornelia 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackground and objectivesThe aim of the present study was to establish and evaluate a new interprofessional teaching concept on the topic of wound management.MethodsAfter determining the status quo using a survey among medical students, we developed a new teaching concept that included a 150‐minute course aimed at providing students with the opportunity to gain hands‐on wound management skills. This interprofessional course was offered at the existing ‘SkillsLab’ teaching facility. The participants’ subjective level of knowledge was assessed by questionnaire before and after the course.ResultsOur survey among 190 medical students showed them to be very interested in gaining practical experience in the field of wound management. To date, 120 participants (54.8 % medical students; 45.2 % nursing students) have attended this new interprofessional course, which has been equally well received by both medical and nursing students. For all specific topics (diagnosis, treatment, use of wound dressings, debridement), course participation was associated with a significant increase in knowledge.ConclusionGiven its relevance in clinical practice, it is important for medical students to learn about the various aspects associated with the care of patients with chronic wounds. By offering new teaching concepts, dermatology in particular is well suited to help students gain a better understanding of the challenges related to wound management and to improve their practical skills. Wound management is an ideal topic for interprofessional learning.
Short‐term intestinal lipase inhibition in normal‐weight individuals does not affect postprandial peptide YY3‐36 and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 levels, hunger or satiety
Authors: Nguyen Nga N. , Kolobova Irina , Wolfe Bruce M. , Purnell Jonathan Q. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFat malabsorption associated with Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may contribute to elevated postprandial glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and peptide YY (PYY) after the procedure, leading to sustained weight loss and appetite reduction. This study investigated whether fat malabsorption via orlistat increases GLP‐1 and PYY and if these increases would be proportional to changes in hunger and satiety. Five healthy participants received standardized meals with 120 mg orlistat or placebo in a randomized, double‐blinded, crossover design for 3 days. On the final day, glucose, insulin, GLP‐1, PYY3‐36 and visual analogue scores for hunger and satiety were measured over a 14‐hour period that included three meals. Fasting, 14‐hour area under the curve (AUC) and meal‐related AUC for glucose and insulin were similar, although postprandial increases in peak insulin and glucose were greater with orlistat. PYY3‐36, GLP‐1, hunger and satiety were not different. In conclusion, short‐term orlistat administration does not enhance postprandial GLP‐1 or PYY3‐36 or affect hunger or satiety in normal‐weight individuals. Furthermore, fat malabsorption from RYGB is unlikely to mediate subsequent postprandial increases in GLP‐1 and PYY.
How Gaps between Target and Midcourse Grades Impact Undergraduates’ Studying Intentions and Grade Improvements*
Authors: MacKenzie H.F. (Herb) , Armstrong Michael J. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWe examine how gaps between students’ chosen target grades and actual midcourse grades relate to their exam studying intentions and subsequent grade improvements. We further investigate whether those relationships are moderated by students’ academic ability (as measured by high school averages) and implicit theory of intelligence or mindset (as measured by questionnaire scores). Our study involved 250 undergraduate students in a first‐year business course. The study used linear regression to analyze survey responses at the course's beginning, survey responses near the course's end, and actual course grades. The analysis showed students had greater studying intentions and grade improvements when midcourse grades were farther below initial target grades. Mindset moderated the relationship between grade gaps and studying intentions, whereas academic ability moderated the relationship between grade gaps and grade improvements. These results enhance our knowledge of how students respond to grade feedback and could help instructors assist students to make better decisions about their studying.
Cerebral collaterals in acute ischaemia: Implications for acute ischaemic stroke patients receiving reperfusion therapy
Authors: Ravindran Abina Vishni , Killingsworth Murray C. , Bhaskar Sonu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe cerebral collaterals play an important role in penumbral tissue sustenance after an acute ischaemic stroke. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential role of collaterals in the selection of acute ischaemic stroke patients eligible for reperfusion therapy. However, the understanding of the significance and evidence around the role of collateral status in predicting outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with reperfusion therapy is still unclear. Moreover, the use of pre‐treatment collaterals in patient selection and prognosis is relatively underappreciated in clinical settings. A focused review of the literature was performed on the various methods of collateral evaluation and the role of collateral status in acute ischaemic stroke patients receiving reperfusion therapy. We discuss the methods of evaluating pre‐treatment collaterals in clinical settings. The patient selection based on collateral status as well as the prognostic and therapeutic value of collaterals in acute ischaemic stroke, in settings of intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular therapy alone, and bridge therapy, are summarized. Recommendations for future research and possible pharmacological intervention strategies aimed at collateral enhancement are also discussed. Collaterals may play an important role in identifying acute ischaemic stroke patients who are likely to benefit from endovascular treatment in an extended time window. Future neuroscientific efforts to better improve our understanding of the role of collaterals in acute ischaemia as well as clinical studies to delineate its role in patient selection and acute stroke prognosis are warranted.
Algorithms in clinical epilepsy practice: Can they really help us predict epilepsy outcomes?
Authors: Jehi Lara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSignificant technological advances have improved our ability to localize epilepsy and investigate the electrophysiology in patients undergoing preparation for epilepsy surgery. Conversely, our process of decision‐making and outcome prediction has remained essentially restricted to subjective clinical judgment. This may have hindered our ability to improve outcomes. In this review, we highlight the cognitive biases that interfere with medical decision‐making and present data on the use of algorithms and statistical models in general health care, before pivoting to discuss applications in the context of epilepsy.
Transmembrane collagens—Unexplored mediators of epidermal‐dermal communication and tissue homeostasis
Authors: Nyström Alexander , Kiritsi Dimitra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTissue homeostasis is maintained through constant, dynamic and heterogeneous communication between cells and their microenvironment. Proteins that are at the same time active at the intracellular, cell periphery and deeper extracellular levels possess the ability to, on the individual molecular level, influence the cells and their microenvironment in a bidirectional manner. The transmembrane collagens are a family of such proteins, which are of notable interest for tissue development and homeostasis. In skin, expression of all transmembrane collagens has been reported and deficiency of transmembrane collagen XVII manifests with distinct skin phenotypes. Nevertheless, transmembrane collagens in skin remain understudied despite the association of them with epidermal wound healing and dermal fibrotic processes. Here, we present an overview of transmembrane collagens and put a spotlight on them as regulators of epidermal‐dermal communication and as potential players in fibrinogenesis.
Experimental investigation on the influence of welding residual stresses on fatigue for two different weld geometries
Authors: Friedrich Nils 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFatigue tests on welded small‐scale specimens often do not show a distinct residual stress influence. An exception is longitudinal stiffeners, which are therefore frequently used to study the influence of welding residual stresses on fatigue. The results are not directly transferable to other weld geometries because the residual stress distribution depends on the weld geometries. In the presented investigation, fatigue tests on multilayer K‐butt weld and longitudinal stiffener specimens were performed. The tests were carried out in the as‐welded and stress‐relieved conditions at different load ratios. Initiation of macroscopic cracks was detected using digital image correlation. This allowed determining the influence of welding residual stresses on the initiation of macroscopic cracks, crack propagation and total fatigue life for both investigated weld geometries.
¡Profesores Adelante! Recruiting teachers in the target language
Authors: Back Michele , Dean Joseph 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecruiting qualified world language (WL) educators is a continuing challenge in the United States. Limited research has been conducted on attracting potential teacher candidates. Furthermore, recruitment materials are unavailable in target languages, making it difficult for existing WL teachers, as critical advocates for the profession, to incorporate recruitment into their instruction. This study discusses the findings from the implementation of an adapted teacher recruitment curriculum created for secondary students in Early College Experience (ECE) Spanish courses. Using data from pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys, responses to writing prompts, and post‐intervention focus groups, we found that the curriculum contributed to a slight increase in student interest in becoming WL educators, as well as interest in continuing language study beyond high school. However, several teaching‐related student concerns also surfaced, most notably salary and target language ability. We discuss implications for general and WL teacher recruitment, including the importance of targeting potential WL educators in their language classrooms.
Future winters present a complex energetic landscape of decreased costs and reduced risk for a freeze‐tolerant amphibian, the Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvaticus)
Authors: Fitzpatrick Megan J. , Porter Warren P. , Pauli Jonathan N. , Kearney Michael R. , Notaro Michael , Zuckerberg Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWinter climate warming is rapidly leading to changes in snow depth and soil temperatures across mid‐ and high‐latitude ecosystems, with important implications for survival and distribution of species that overwinter beneath the snow. Amphibians are a particularly vulnerable group to winter climate change because of the tight coupling between their body temperature and metabolic rate. Here, we used a mechanistic microclimate model coupled to an animal biophysics model to predict the spatially explicit effects of future climate change on the wintering energetics of a freeze‐tolerant amphibian, the Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvaticus), across its distributional range in the eastern United States. Our below‐the‐snow microclimate simulations were driven by dynamically downscaled climate projections from a regional climate model coupled to a one‐dimensional model of the Laurentian Great Lakes. We found that warming soil temperatures and decreasing winter length have opposing effects on Wood Frog winter energy requirements, leading to geographically heterogeneous implications for Wood Frogs. While energy expenditures and peak body ice content were predicted to decline in Wood Frogs across most of our study region, we identified an area of heightened energetic risk in the northwestern part of the Great Lakes region where energy requirements were predicted to increase. Because Wood Frogs rely on body stores acquired in fall to fuel winter survival and spring breeding, increased winter energy requirements have the potential to impact local survival and reproduction. Given the geographically variable and intertwined drivers of future under‐snow conditions (e.g., declining snow depths, rising air temperatures, shortening winters), spatially explicit assessments of species energetics and risk will be important to understanding the vulnerability of subnivium‐adapted species.
Accelerated rate of vegetation green‐up related to warming at northern high latitudes
Authors: Park Hoonyoung , Jeong Sujong , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMid‐ to high‐latitude vegetation are experiencing changes in their seasonal cycles as a result of climate change. Although the rates of seasonal growth from winter dormancy to summer maturity have accelerated because of changes in environmental conditions, less attention has been paid to the rate of vegetation green‐up (RVG) and its dynamics, which could advance vegetation maturity. We analyzed the long‐term changes in RVG and the drivers at high northern latitudes for 35 years (1982–2016) using satellite‐retrieved leaf area index data based on partial correlation analyses and multivariable linear regression. The rates tended to increase significantly with time, particularly at high latitudes above 60°N in North America (1.8% mon−1 decade−1, p < .01) and Eurasia (1.0% mon−1 decade−1, p < .01). The increasing trend in North America was mostly because of increased heat accumulation in spring (1.2% mon−1 decade−1), that is, more rapid green‐up owing to warming, with an increased carbon dioxide concentration (0.6 mon−1 decade−1). The trend in Eurasia, however, was induced by warming, increased carbon dioxide concentration, and stronger radiation, 1.0%, 0.7%, and 0.5% mon−1 decade−1, respectively, but was partly counteracted by earlier pregreen‐up dates of −1.2% mon−1 decade−1, that is, earlier initiation of growth which counteracted green‐up rate acceleration. The results suggested that warming was the predominant factor influencing the accelerated RVG at high latitudes; however, Eurasian vegetation exhibited different green‐up dynamics, mitigating the influence of warming with the earlier pregreen‐up. Our findings imply that high‐latitude warming will drive vegetation seasonality toward rapid green‐up and early maturity, leading to the reinforcement of climate–vegetation interactions; however, the consequences will be more distinct in North America owing to the absence of alleviation by earlier pregreen‐up.
A skills network approach to physicians’ competence in shared decision making
Authors: Kriston Levente , Hahlweg Pola , Härter Martin , Scholl Isabelle 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of physicians’ competence in shared decision making (SDM) remains challenging with frequent disagreement between assessment methods.ObjectiveTo conceptualize and measure physicians’ SDM competence as an organized network of behavioural skills and to determine whether processing patient‐reported data according to this model can be used to predict observer‐rated competence.DesignSecondary analysis of an observational study.Setting and participantsPrimary and specialty outpatient care physicians and consecutively recruited adult patients with a chronic condition who faced a treatment decision with multiple acceptable choices.MeasuresNetwork parameters constructed from patients’ assessment of physicians’ SDM skills as measured by the 9‐item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM‐Q‐9) and observer‐rated SDM competence of physicians measured by three widely used observer‐rated instruments.Results29 physicians (12 female, 17 male; mean age 50.3 years) recruited 310 patients (59.4% female, 40.6% male; mean age 54.0 years) facing a decision mainly regarding type 2 diabetes (36.4%), chronic back pain (32.8%) or depressive disorder (26.8%). Although most investigated skills were interrelated, elicitation of the patient's treatment preferences showed the strongest associations with the other skills. Network parameters of this skill were also decisive in predicting observer‐rated competence. Correlation between predicted competence scores and observer‐rated measurements ranged from 0.710 to 0.785.ConclusionsConceptualizing physicians’ SDM competence as a network of interacting skills enables the measurement of observer‐rated competence using patient‐reported data. In addition to theoretical implications for defining and training medical competences, the findings open a new way to measure physicians’ SDM competence under routine conditions.
Quantitative and qualitative alterations of circulating myeloid cells and plasmacytoid DC in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Peruzzi Benedetta , Bencini Sara , Capone Manuela , Mazzoni Alessio , Maggi Laura , Salvati Lorenzo , Vanni Anna , Orazzini Chiara , Nozzoli Carlo , Morettini Alessandro , Poggesi Loredana , Pieralli Filippo , Peris Adriano , Bartoloni Alessandro , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria , Liotta Francesco , Caporale Roberto , Cosmi Lorenzo , Annunziato Francesco 
Published: September 2020

SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 is responsible for a new infectious disease (COVID‐19) in which individuals can either remain asymptomatic or progress from mild to severe clinical conditions including acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. The immune mechanisms that potentially orchestrate the pathology in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection are complex and only partially understood. There is still paucity of data on the features of myeloid cells involved in this viral infection. For this reason, we investigated the different activation status profiles and the subset distribution of myeloid cells and their correlation with disease progression in 40 COVID‐19 patients at different stages of disease. COVID‐19 patients showed a decrease in the absolute number of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells, different subset distribution of monocytes and different activation patterns of both monocytes and neutrophils, coupled to a significant reduction of HLA‐DR monocyte levels. We found that some of these alterations are typical of all COVID‐19 patients, while some others vary at different stages of the disease and correlate with biochemical parameters of inflammation. Collectively, these data suggest that not only the lymphoid, but also the myeloid compartment, is severely affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.